bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Dietary Fiber in the Diabetic Diet
Authors: Mogoş Tiberius , Dondoi Carmen , Iacobini Andra Evelin
Published: July 2017

Dietary fibers are a type of carbohydrates that are found in plant-based foods. They are not absorbed or digested by the body, but play an important role in maintaining good health. There are two types of dietary fiber - soluble and insoluble. Most foods contain both types, but are usually richer in one type than the other. Current evidence suggests that high-fiber diets, especially of the soluble variety, may offer some improvement in weight management, in carbohydrate metabolism, lower total and LDL cholesterol, and have other positive effects in patients diagnosed with diabetes (improvement of insulin sensitivity, modulation of the secretion of certain gut hormones, improvement of various metabolic and inflammatory markers associated with the metabolic syndrome), thus reducing the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases. The aim of our review is to reinforce the role of dietary fiber in the improvement of diabetes management
Rapid recurrence of a malignant meningioma: case report
Authors: Baran Oguz , Sayyahmeli Sima , Tanriverdi Taner , Erdincler Pamir
Published: July 2017

This short report presents a case that developed rapid recurrence of a malignant meningioma. The meningioma was located on the right temporal lobe and total removal (Simpson grade-II) was performed. Radiotherapy was not given and the lesion recurred within four months. The MIB-1 (Ki-67) index was 30 % and the tumor fulfilled all the criteria of anaplasia. After the second surgery, patient was transferred to the Radiation Oncology for radiotherapy. Should we questioned the extent of surgery? Neurosurgeons should be careful and close follow-up the patients with malignant meningioma.
Extradural spinal schwannoma in a 5 year old non NF child: A rare entity
Authors: Gill Maneet , Maheshwari Vikas , Narang Amit
Published: July 2017

Pediatric spinal schwannomas constitute 2.5-4% of all pediatric spinal tumors. They often occur in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2) and are almost always intradural (with/without dumbbell extension). Rarely are they confined to extradural space alone. Till date only one case of totally extradural lumbosacral schwannoma in a non NF child has been reported. We here report the second case of totally extradural spinal schwannoma in a non NF child. A five year old female child presented with progressively increasing paraperesis and bladder symptoms, with no clinical features of Neurofibromatosis type I or II. Imaging revealed a dorsolumbar extradural lesion from DV11 to LV1. Patient underwent laminoplasty with total excision of tumour. Intraoperatively, the tumor was confined to extradural space alone. Histopathology confirmed Schwannoma. This case highlights that possibility of schwannomas should be considered as a differential diagnosis for intraspinal extradural tumors even in children without NF.
Large intraventricular epidermoid with bobble head doll syndrome in an adult
Authors: Agrawal Amit
Published: July 2017

Intracranial epidermoid tumors are rare (0.2-1.8%), histologically benign, slow-growing, congenital neoplasms of the central nervous system arising from the retained ectodermal implants. We report an unusual case of intra third ventricular epidermoid in an adult presenting with the Bobble-head doll syndrome and review the relevant literature.
The Role of Elective Courses in Students′ Professional Development: Foreign Experience
Authors: Movchan Larysa , Zarishniak Inna
Published: July 2017

The article considers the role of elective courses in professional development of students of economics. Modern European education is developing on the principles of democratization and humanization, where democratization implies the involvement of all agents/participants of the education process into forming its content and solving numerous related problems. Moreover, in order to be competitive in global labour market, modern specialists must develop such features as mobility, cultural, language and religious empathy, professionalism, commitment to the human virtues, etc. The content of education expressed in the curriculum is now not a rigid unity. Offering elective courses, university curricula can be easily modified to the students′ needs and aspirations. The analysis of the curricula of the economic faculties at some leading European universities has showed a great amount of elective courses mainly in general subjects such as Psychology, Pedagogy, Philosophy, History, Politology, Social Science, etc. These courses make up approximately 10 % of the total study load and are meant to realize interdisciplinary links, deepen students′ understanding of economic phenomena and develop analytical and strategic thinking. On the one hand, by choosing elective courses students are more agitated in learning, more interested and motivated. On the other hand, universities think harder over the supply of subjects and their content. At the same time, it increases lecturers′ motivation to consider new approaches, update information, and on the whole do their best to make their subjects appealing to students. The research has proved that elective courses realize an important role in students′ professional and personal development by integrating knowledge of many subjects, through their participation in tailoring the curricula and enriching their professional portfolio.
Comparative Analysis of Ukrainian and Foreign Scholars′ Views On Interpretation of Such Terms as Competency, Professional Competency, Professional Competency of Technicians in Food Technology
Authors: Yakovchuk Olha
Published: July 2017

The article deals with a comparative analysis of the content of such terms as competency, competence and professional competency of technicians in food technology. Special attention has been given to domestic and foreign scholars′ research findings on the matter in order to consider the genesis of the term “competency” and its spreading within Ukrainian and foreign pedagogy. Based on the comparison of European standards and the educational and qualification-based specification of technicians in food technology, we have shown the interdependence of the content between such terms as competency, professional competency and professional competency of technicians in food technology. In the content of such term as professional competency we have distinguished separate competences according to the production functions and typical tasks within professional activity of future technicians in food technology. We have revealed the significance of core competences in the structure of professional competency of future specialists in food technology.
Development of Adult Education in Europe and in the Context of Knowles′ Study
Authors: Feltsan Inna
Published: July 2017

The presented article touches upon the idea of adult education history in Europe. It highlights the main programmes and events, which were a great contribution to the development of lifelong learning. At ancient times, adult students considered to be the prominent audience at philosophical lectures of immortal minds. After the period of industrialization and social equality, primary and secondary education became the priority topics of governmental policies. Only after WWII there appeared a need for reviewing or upgrading the already existed knowledge, nothing to say about the late 2000s with the immigration realia and population aging, adult learning takes over the prior importance in Europe. Malcolm S. Knowles was one of the scholars who had been investigating the domain in the mid 1960s and created the theoretical background for further researches. His attitude and vision of adult education process were the predictors of a new adragogical age in Europe, where student took a new central role in the education process, was encouraged to hold responsibility for the most suitable methods, that would match up with their goals, possibilities, intentions and timing. In modern society, there exists an urgent need for changes in the approaches to teaching adults, for individual work that is more appropriate for age and ensures usage of personal experience. The maturity dimension scheme presented by M. Knowles brings understanding of adult psychological inclinations, behaviour and goals that might help an andragogue to decide on methods chosen for achieving educational results. Clear determination of notions should explain and help to avoid misunderstandings on “whom should we consider an adult?” Historical approach will help to create a complex adult education development picture and motivate a researcher for further investigations.
Combination of Three Methods of Photo Voltaic Panels Damage Evaluation
Authors: Olšan T. , Libra M. , Poulek V. , Chalupa B. , Sedláček J.
Published: July 2017

In broken photovoltaic (PV) cells the flow of electric current can be reduced in some places, which results in a lowered efficiency. In the present study, the damage of PV cells and panels was evaluated using three methods - electroluminescence, infrared camera imaging, and visual examination. The damage is detectable by all these methods which were presented and compared from the viewpoint of resolution, difficulty, and accuracy of monitoring the PV panels damage.
The Representation of Men and Women in Contemporary Slovak Musical Films Aimed at Children
Authors: Urban Marek , Urban Kamila
Published: July 2017

The present study analyses the social representation of women and men in ten contemporary Slovak musical films aimed at children (Spievankovo, Fíha-tralala, Smejko a Tanculienka). An analysis of the internal and external features attributed to “men”, “women”, “boys”, and “girls” has revealed, in line with previous research, that men are associated with strength and courage and women with beauty and care. Gender also determines clothing, props, and mise-en-scene. Contrary to previous findings, women in the analysed films, more often than men, display activity and dominance and take the role of moral and intellectual authorities. Men, on the other hand, are just as emotional as women. In conclusion, the author proposes a hypothesis to explain these discrepancies with the previous research.
Variability in Wild Germplasm of Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)
Authors: Rao G. Prabhakara , Suma K. , Madhavan J. , Varghese Y. A.
Published: July 2017

Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), a native of the Amazon forests of South America, is the chief source of natural rubber in the world. With the objective of broadening the original gene pool collected by Sir Henry Wickham in 1876, the International Rubber Research and Development Board (IRRDB) made a large collection of wild germplasm from Acre, Rondonia and Mato Grosso states of Brazil in 1981, which was distributed to various member countries including India for conservation and evaluation. In the present study, variability was assessed in a set of 195 Hevea accessions belonging to the wild gene pool in India, using 22 characterization descriptors and eight quantitative growth characters in the juvenile stage. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices worked out for each of the 22 qualitative traits indicated a high level of diversity in the collection. The range of variation for quantitative traits viz., plant height (0.43 to 3.16 m), basal diameter (0.81 to 2.52 cm), number of whorls (1.23 to 5.48), inter-node length (4.11 to 45.26 cm), number of leaves (11.44 to 91.26), single leaf area (80.22 to 223.57 cm2), total leaf area (2356.00 to 14660.50 cm2) and leaf area index (0.24 to 1.47), also represented wide variability in the collection. The accessions were ranked for overall performance and top 10% were selected for early growth vigour. The high level of variability observed in this germplasm indicates its potential use in crop improvement programmes and for broadening the genetic base of Hevea.
Clinal variation in Pinus hartwegii populations and its application for adaptation to climate change
Authors: Loya-Rebollar E. , Sáenz-Romero C. , Lindig-Cisneros R. A. , Lobit P. , Villegas-Moreno J. A. , Sánchez-Vargas N. M.
Published: July 2017

In order to determine the genetic variation among populations of Pinus hartwegii along altitudinal gradients, and the possible adaptive decoupling due to climatic change, a common garden test was set up with 13 provenances collected along an altitudinal transect (3150 to 3750 masl; collection sites were every 50 m of altitudinal difference) from Pico de Tancítaro, Michoacán, west-central Mexico. The test evaluated trees aged 4.5 to 5.5 years, and contemporary and future (year 2030; six model-emission scenarios) climate variables were estimated. We found significant (P<0.005) differences among populations in total elongation, final seedling height, basal diameter, rate of elongation, dry weight of needles, branches and stem, total dry weight and first principal component. We found a significant association between population performance, expressed as first principal component values, and their climate, where the best climatic predictor was the frost free period (r2=0.90, P<0.0001). This result indicates that the patterning of genetic differentiation among populations is strongly associated with a climatic and altitudinal gradient. We propose a re-delineation of fixed climatic and altitudinal seed zoning for seed and seedling movement, based on intervals of 26 days of difference of frost free period: Zone 1, from 240 to 214 days of frost free period or 12 to 11°C or 3150 to 3350 masl; Zone 2, 214 to 188 days or 11 to 10°C or 3350 to 3550 masl; and Zone 3, 188 to 162 days or 10 to 9°C or 3550 a 3750 masl. Projecting at what altitude will occur the same frost free period values by year 2030, we suggested that populations should be shifted 400 m attitudinally upward, through a program of assisted migration, aiming to realign the populations to the climate for which they are adapted. Seedling deployment should use future (year 2030) fixed seed zones, with the same projected climatic interval values than contemporary climate, although at the following altitudinal limits: Zone 12030, from 3550 to 3750 masl; Zone 22030, 3750 to 3950 masl; and Zone 32030, 3950 to 4150 masl.
Characterization of genes expressed in Casuarina equisetifolia in response to elicitation by cell wall components of Trichosporium vesiculosum
Authors: Modhumita Ghosh Dasgupta , Radha Veluthakkal , Karpaga Raja Sundari B.
Published: July 2017

Casuarina equisetifolia has the widest distribution of all Casuarina species and is a nitrogen-fixing tree planted in tropical/subtropical littoral zones of Asia, the Pacific and Africa for coastal reclamation, charcoal making, pulp and timber. Trichosporium vesiculosum, the causal agent of blister bark disease, is a serious pathogen of C. equisetifolia. The present study was undertaken to understand the molecular mechanisms involved during pathogen cell wall elicitation in this hardy tree species. Transcript profiling during elicitation induced by cell wall components of T. vesiculosum revealed expression of resistance genes; cytochrome oxidase; trans membrane proteins; genes involved in programmed cell death like 26S proteasome and ubiquitin activating enzyme; early nodulin gene, wound inducible metallocarboxy peptidase inhibitor, glucanase, metal binding protein and signal recognition particle. The fold expression of selected transcripts including glucanase, 26 S proteasome, signal recognition particle, cytochrome oxidase and the metal binding protein using RT-qPCR revealed 12-59 fold increase in expression after 48 hours of elicitor treatment. The expression of these transcripts during abiotic stresses like heat, mechanical wounding, salt (NaCl) and drought (PEG) was also analyzed. Glucanase was up-regulated significantly during wounding and heat stress while proteasome was up-regulated 1-4 fold during NaCl, PEG and wounding stress. The novel transcript CeHMA was up-regulated under all the stress conditions. This is the first report on molecular defense in C. equisetifolia and has provided a pool of candidate genes for detailed molecular dissection to further broaden the knowledge on the response of woody perennials during pathogen cell wall elicitation.
Genetic variation and genetic gain in growth traits, stem-branch characteristics and wood properties and their relationships to Eucalyptus urophylla clones
Authors: Wu Shijun , Xu Jianmin , Li Guangyou , Lu Zhaohua , Han Chao , Hu Yang , Hu Xinxian
Published: July 2017

Growth traits, wood properties, stem-branch characteristics and bark percentage were assessed for 60 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake clones in southern China measured at age 21, 52, 71 and 96 months. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences on growth traits, wood properties and individual tree wood weight among clones. Coefficients of genotypic variation ranged from 12.12% to 53.16% for growth traits, 9.02% to 20.18% for wood properties, 21.75% to 22.71% for stem-branch characteristics, 28.31% for bark percentage and 51.20% for individual tree wood weight. Repeatability ranged from 0.36 to 0.53 for growth traits, 0.35 to 0.51 for wood properties, 0.21 to 0.24 for stembranch characteristics, 0.07 for bark percentage and 0.31 for individual tree wood weight. The strongly negative genotypic correlations suggesting that selection on growth traits at 21 months can not be effective to predict growth traits at 96 months whereas it could be used to predict growth traits at 52 and 71 months. The genotypic correlations between growth traits and basic density were ranged from -0.78 to 0.28 and weakly positive phenotypic correlations were found between growth traits and basic density, ranging from 0.03 to 0.09. The selection gain on diameter at breast height over bark by different selection proportions at 21, 52, 71 and 96 months old expressed that selection gain at 71 months was some what higher than that at other ages during 10% to 30% selection proportion, while selection gain at 52 months was some what higher than that at other ages during 60% to 90% selection proportion. Wood properties and individual tree wood weight which are strongly related to end production and economically important in pulp production should be studied extensively especially for pulp breeding.
Using portfolio theory to improve yield and reduce risk in black spruce family reforestation
Authors: Weng Y. H. , Crowe K. A. , Parker W. H. , Lindgren D. , Fullarton M. S. , Tosh K. J.
Published: July 2017

Family forestry, defined as the deployment of families in mixture into plantations, is becoming an attractive option for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in New Brunswick, Canada. With many elite families of black spruce being available, there is a knowledge gap regarding how to compose a mixture of families that optimally balances the objectives of increased yield and reduced risk. This study, based on real field test data, investigates the application of a model based on the modern portfolio theory to optimally balance yield and risk when selecting a portfolio (mixture) of black spruce families to deploy in reforestation. The risk was expressed as the variance of the family portfolio, an effective indicator of yield stability. This is an innovative approach in forestry and it is compared to the currently used method, truncation-deployment, defined as the equal deployment of seed of selected families. Results show that the portfolio theory searched for the combination of yield and stability and produced family portfolios maximizing yield at a given stability or minimizing yield instability at a given yield. The portfolio theory was never inferior in maximizing yield to the truncation- deployment approach when yield stability is a concern. We recommend using portfolio theory to determine family portfolios for family forestry. While this study targets to family forestry, the results may be relevant to other deployment strategies where stability is a concern, such as clonal forestry.
Hybridization of Poplars in the Central Chernozem Region of Russia
Authors: Tsarev Anatoly , von Wühlisch Georg , Tsareva Raisa
Published: July 2017

Hybridization offers huge potential in domesticating species. Poplars are important for wood production and also ornamental uses. Only two poplar parents can generate by hybridization more than 500,000 different offspring phenotypes. The article reviews some international results and presents some Russian results of poplar hybridization, emphasizing the Central Chernozem Region of the European part of Russia. During 60 years 736 crosses were realized, resulting in 54,000 hybrid seedlings. In different field trials 243 superior clones were selected. For practical operations twelve cultivars of the most productive and frost resistant poplar hybrids were selected. Three of them are now approved as varieties by the state registration authorities. In order to mitigate the risks from unforeseen disease, injury or other adverse factors in defined environments several cultivars with close economic value but with different genetic composition should be available.
An effective recursive formula for the Frobenius covariants in matrix functions
Authors: Schäfer F.
Published: July 2017

For theoretical studies, it is helpful to have an explicit expression for a matrix function. Several methods have been used to determine the required Frobenius covariants. This paper presents a recursive formula that calculates these covariants effectively. The new aspect of this method is the simple determination of the occurring coefficients in the covariants. The advantage is shown by several examples for the matrix exponential in comparision with Mathematica. The calculations are performed exactly.
Evolution of Traveller Experience Quality Perception in European Level Policy Documents and the Case Study for Siauliai
Authors: Jarzemskis Andrius , Jarzemskiene Ilona
Published: July 2017

EU’s goal is to develop transport system which meets the economic, social and environmental requirements of society. Since first White paper on Transport in 1992 there was evolution of perception of quality and attributes of quality. The basic set of quality requirement is based on frequency, price, safety and security were dominating in 1992-2006, however since 2006 new attributes such as environment impact, and energy efficiency comes into force in European documents. However research case in Siauliai town show that it delays in user perception of quality.
The Norwegian State and Transgender Citizens: A Complicated Relationship
Authors: van der Ros Janneke
Published: July 2017

The author argues that the Norwegian welfare state has renounced its duties toward a majority of citizens with gender incongruence (i.e. lack of correspondence between sex assigned at birth and a person’s gender identity). The National Treatment Centre for Transsexualism (NBTS in Norwegian), the sole authorised provider of healthcare for gender dysphoria (discomfort related to gender incongruence) in Norway, exercises a strict interpretation of the diagnostic criteria for transsexualism, and rejects all but a quarter of annual referrals. Those “disqualified” do not have access to a second opinion, nor has the Norwegian public health sector established alternative healthcare services, thereby failing its transgender citizens. With regard to legal issues, the Norwegian state failed its transgender citizens by requesting irreversible sterilisation until July 2016 before individuals with gender incongruence can claim legal gender recognition. This is an obvious breach of human rights. Additionally, those rejected by NBTS for not being so-called “real transsexuals” do not have an opportunity to request a legal gender change, and thus the state discriminates, once again, against these gender variant people. Moreover, the author points out that NBTS has a major say in the framing and implementation of trans healthcare policies, building on the conventional gender binary model, which is supported by the “gender-corrected women and men” of the Harry Benjamin Resource Centre (hereafter HBRS), the Clinic’s patient association. This policy framing ensures necessary trans related healthcare only to a very small proportion of citizens with gender incongruence, namely those “selected” by the NBTS, thus causing a grossly unequal distribution of resources within public healthcare services. In order to conceptualise these biased and discriminatory policies toward a considerable number of transgender and gender variant citizens, the author applies political science scholar Nancy Fraser’s conceptual framework of “recognition, (re)presentation and (re-)distribution”. Gender variant groups’ lack of recognition excludes them from access to political representation, and reproduces non-recognition of gender diversity in the transgender spectrum. The author understands the Norwegian authorities’ inept management of large groups of citizens with gender identity issues as institutionalised cisgenderism.
Crystal structure of vanuralite, Al[(UO2)2(VO4)2](OH)·8.5H2O
Authors: Plášil Jakub
Published: July 2017

Vanuralite, Al[(UO2)2(VO4)2](OH)·8.5H2O, is a rare supergene uranyl vanadate that forms during hydration-oxidation weathering of uraninite in oxide zones of U deposits. On the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data it is monoclinic, space group P21/n, with a=10.4637(10), b=8.4700(5), c=20.527(2) Å, β=102.821(9)°, V=1773.9(3) Å3 and Z=4, D
calc.=3.561 g cm−3. The structure of vanuralite (R=0.058 for 2638 unique observed reflections) contains uranyl vanadate sheets of francevillite topology of the composition [(UO2)2(VO4)2]2−. Sheets are stacked perpendicular to c, and an interstitial complex [6]Al(OH)(H2O)4(H2O)4.5; adjacent structural sheets are linked through an extensive network of hydrogen bonds. Vanuralite is the most complex mineral among uranyl vanadates, with 961 bits/cell. The scarcity of occurrences is probably caused by the less common combination of elements present in the structure, as well as the relatively high complexity of the structure (compared to related minerals), arising namely from the complicated network of H-bonds.
A succinct access to ω-hydroxylated jasmonates via olefin metathesis
Authors: Jimenez-Aleman Guillermo H. , Seçinti Selina , Boland Wilhelm
Published: July 2017

In higher plants, jasmonates are lipid-derived signaling molecules that control many physiological processes, including responses to abiotic stress, defenses against insects and pathogens, and development. Among jasmonates, ω-oxidized compounds form an important subfamily. The biological roles of these ω-modified derivatives are not fully understood, largely due to their limited availability. Herein, a brief (two-step), simple and efficient (>80% yield), versatile, gram-scalable, and environmentally friendly synthetic route to ω-oxidized jasmonates is described. The approach utilizes olefin cross-metathesis as the key step employing inexpensive, commercially available substrates and catalysts.
Soziale Dienstleistungen für Arbeitslose
Authors: Aurich-Beerheide Patrizia , Zimmermann Katharina
Published: July 2017

This article investigates the implementation of an integrated activation policy in Germany. The activation paradigm has been recently extended to target clients with multiple problems out of employment. In order to do so, an approach of activation is needed that integrates policy fields, policy actors and policy levels. We compare different forms of integration in three German cities and find that local factors really play a significant role.
Kommunale Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention
Authors: Böhm Katharina
Published: July 2017

The article addresses the role of local government in health promotion and prevention in Germany. In a first step, it delineates the goals of health promotion and prevention policies in general and describes how these relate to the definition of prevention given in the editorial. The second part highlights the role of municipalities in health promotion and disease prevention. The third part describes five core elements of local health promotion and prevention policies: local health monitoring, the development of a coherent local health strategy, integration of local (health-related) administration, governance of relevant external actors, and securing participation at all process levels. Each of these five elements is illustrated with examples from North-Rhine Westphalian municipalities. The fourth part describes obstacles that health promoting and preventive policies encounter both in general and at the local level in particular. The author concludes that despite these obstacles, every small step towards more local action should be realized because of its potential to improve the health of the population.
STEMI and NSTEMI ACS in a 30-Year-Old Patient: An Extremely Rare Complication of a Left Atrial Myxoma
Authors: Bartolomucci Francesco , Tito Antonio , Navarese Eliano Pio , Iacovelli Fortunato , Mele Marco , Larosa Claudio , Ciccone Marco Matteo , Cassese Mauro , Pepe Martino
Published: July 2017

Primary cardiac tumors are a rare entity whose incidence in the general population ranges from 0.0017% to 0.28%. Myxomas represent nearly half of all primary benign cardiac tumors and they prevalently affect female patients. Embolic manifestation is rare with a reported incidence of 0.06%.We present the case of a 30-year-old male patient with acute anterolateral infarction caused by total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery as a consequence of a left atrial myxoma embolization. Urgent surgical resection of the mass didn’t avoid early recurrence of atrial myxoma, whose second presentation was again myocardial infarction.This case alerts physicians to “unusual” myocardial infarction patients, when atherosclerotic pathogenesis appears unlikely. In these cases early echocardiographic evaluation should be mandatory and atrial myxoma should be considered among the possible causes. Complete surgical resection is the only effective therapeutic option to improve prognosis; the chance of tumor recurrence should dictate careful research for additional myxomas during surgery and stricter follow-up planning.
A Giant Left Atrial Diverticulum Diagnosed by Transesophageal Echocardiogram and Multidetector Computed Tomography: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Chen Qiang , Cao Hua , Zhang Gui-Can , Huang Xin-Ming
Published: July 2017

Giant left atrial diverticulum is a rare congenital malformation that is most commonly diagnosed in incidental finding. Here, we reported a case of a 1-year-old asymptomatic child with a giant left atrial diverticulum. Diagnosis was established by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), and confirmed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We excised the diverticulum and sewed its base under cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest.  The patient had a good postoperative result.
The Transcranial Doppler Sonography for Optimal Monitoring and Optimization of Cerebral Perfusion in Aortic Arch Surgery: A Case Series
Authors: Ghazy Tamer , Darwisch Ayham , Schmidt Torsten , Nguyen Phong , Fajfrova Zuzana , Matschke Klaus , Kappert Utz
Published: July 2017

Objective: To analyze the feasibility and advantages of transcranial doppler sonography (TCD) for monitoring and optimization of selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) in aortic arch surgery.Methods: From April 2013 to April 2014, nine patients with extensive aortic pathology underwent surgery under moderate hypothermic cardiac arrest with unilateral antegrade SCP under TCD monitoring in our institution. Adequate sonographic window and visualization of circle of Willis were to be confirmed. Intraoperatively, a cerebral cross-filling of the contralateral cerebral arteries on the unilateral SCP was to be confirmed with TCD. If no cross-filling was confirmed, an optimization of the SCP was performed via increasing cerebral flow and increasing PCO2. If not successful, the SCP was to be switched to bilateral perfusion. Air bubble hits were recorded at the termination of SCP.Results: A sonographic window was confirmed in all patients. Procedural success was 100%. The mean operative time was 298 ± 89 minutes. Adequate cross-filling was confirmed in 8 patients. In 1 patient, inadequate cross-filling was detected by TCD and an optimization of cerebral flow was necessary, which was successfully confirmed by TCD. There was no conversion to bilateral perfusion. Extensive air bubble hits were confirmed in 1 patient, who suffered a postoperative stroke. The 30-day mortality rate was 0. Conclusion: The TCD is feasible for cerebral perfusion monitoring in aortic surgery. It enables a confirmation of adequacy of cerebral perfusion strategy or the need for its optimization. Documentation of calcific or air-bubble hits might add insight into patients suffering postoperative neurological deficits.
Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door: End of Life Decisions and Discussions
Authors: Tribble, MD Curt
Published: July 2017

More than 2.5 million people die in the United States each year. For the majority who live out their final days in various institutions or in hospice care, decisions must be made about which treatments to administer, which treatments to stop, which treatments to continue, and which treatments to back off of. Thus, while death remains inevitable, its timing is often very much a function of human agency. Once it was common to speak of “nature taking its course,” but now it has become as common to view death as something about which people have some control [Meisel 2008].
Szívinfarktust túlélt betegek terápiahűsége a másodlagos megelőzés szempontjából fontos gyógyszeres kezelésekhez
Authors: Jánosi András , Ofner Péter , Kiss Zoltán , Kiss Levente , Kiss Róbert Gábor , Dinnyés József , Járai Zoltán , Nagy Gergely , Veress Gábor , Ferenci Tamás
Published: July 2017

Abstract:

Introduction and aim: The aim was to study the patients’ adherence to some evidence-based medication (statins, beta blockers, platelet and RAS inhibitors) after suffering a myocardial infarction, and its impact on the outcome. Method: Retrospective observational cohort study was carried out from the data of the Hungarian Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. 14,843 patients were alive at the end of hospital treatment, from them, those who had no myocardial infarction or death until 180 days were followed for one year. The adherence was defined as the proportion of time from the index event to the endpoint (or censoring) covered with prescription fillings. The endpoint was defined as death or reinfarction. Information on filling prescriptions for statins, platelet aggregation inhibitors, beta blockers and ARB/ACEI-inhibitors were obtained. Multivariate regression was used to model adherence and survival time. Results: Good adherence (\>80%) to clopidogrel, statins, beta blockers, aspirin and ARB/ACEI was found in 64.9%, 54.4%, 36.5%, 31.7% and 64.0%, respectively. Patients treated with PCI during the index hospitalization had higher adherence to all medication (all p<0.01), except for beta-blocker (p = 0.484). Multivariate analysis confirmed that adherence to statins, to clopidogrel and ARB/ACEI-inhibitors was associated with 10.1% (p<0.0001), 10.4% (p = 0.0002) and 15.8% (p<0.0001) lower hazard of endpoint respectively for 25% points increase in adherence, controlling for age, sex, performing of PCI, 5 anamnestic data and date of index event. Adherence to aspirin and beta blockers was not significantly associated with the hazard. Conclusion: Higher adherence to some evidence-based medications was found to be associated with improved long term prognosis of the patients. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(27): 1051–1057.
Analogie i genealogie modlitwy w trzech religiach monoteistycznych
Authors: Marcinkowska Barbara
Published: July 2017

Modlitwa jest jednym z najistotniejszych przejawów kultu obecnym w każdej religii. Ze względu na różnice występujące w poszczególnych religiach, a także uwarunkowania historyczne, geograficzne i kulturowe, modlitwa przybierała różnorodne formy i środki wyrazu. W niniejszym artykule zostały ukazane analogie pomiędzy modlitwą w judaizmie, chrześcijaństwie i islamie. Modlitwa Izraela wynikała z faktu przynależności do narodu żydowskiego, z którym Bóg zawarł przymierze. Zachowanie warunków owego przymierza stanowiło w przekonaniu człowieka wierzącego gwarancję, że jego modlitwa zostanie wysłuchana. Właściwością modlitwy chrześcijańskiej jest jej ukierunkowanie na osobę i zbawcze dzieło Chrystusa; Jego pośrednictwo stanowi zatem gwarancję skuteczności. Modlitwa w islamie stanowi jeden z pięciu filarów, tzn. podstawowych obowiązków, których przestrzeganie jest warunkiem zbawienia. Pomimo różnic występujących w wyżej omawianych religiach ich wspólną cechą jest podejmowanie dialogu człowieka z Bogiem i przekonanie, że prośby skierowane do Niego zostaną wysłuchane.
Donacja organów a logika daru. Chrześcijańskie spojrzenie na problem transplantacji
Authors: Stec Tomasz
Published: July 2017

Transplantologia jest dzisiaj bardzo ważnym działem całej medycyny. Dzięki jej zabiegom coraz więcej ludzi chorych dostaje szanse na dalsze normalne życie. Problemem jest jednak większa liczba oczekujących na przeszczep niż liczba chętnych dawców. Aby wzrastała liczba transplantacji, niezbędne jest odpowiednie wychowywanie ku temu społeczeństwa. Jednym ze sposobów jest rozwijanie postawy, którą można opisać terminem „logika daru”. Człowiek jako istota społeczna jest w stanie poświęcić dla innych ludzi bardzo wiele, nawet ofiarować samego siebie. Postawę osoby, która decyduje się oddać swoje narządy, należy określić jako altruistyczną. Do takiej cnoty trzeba jednak człowieka odpowiednio wychować. Jest to tym samym droga do pozyskania większej liczby organów i wykluczenia niemoralnych nadużyć, takich jak chociażby handel narządami.Artykuł omawia problem transplantacji. Przedstawia, jak zmieniało się stanowisko Kościoła katolickiego wobec donacji organów, ukazuje nadużycia, które i dzisiaj są towarzyszą transplantacjom. Promuje „logikę daru”, czyli postawę przeciwną egoistycznemu postrzeganiu swojego ciała jako własności bezwzględnej.
The exam performance of medical students with dyslexia: a review of the literature
Authors: Shaw Sebastian C. K. , Malik Muzaffar , Anderson John L.
Published: July 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction:Dyslexia is a common condition. Estimates suggest it effects approximately 10% of the worldwide population, and 1.7% of UK medical students. This review aimed to explore the existing literature concerning the exam performance of medical students with dyslexia. Methods:A Review of Medline, ERIC, PsychInfo, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. Papers were accepted if they concerned the exam performance of medical students with dyslexia. Results:Three papers were selected for review. These were all cross-sectional studies comparing exam results in students with dyslexia and without dyslexia - and the impacts of extra time in exams. A risk of bias assessment determined that all three were appropriate to include in this review. A meta-analysis was planned but could not be performed because the number of studies was low and heterogeneity between the studies too high.There was consensus that Multiple Choice Question exams were fair for students with dyslexia, when extra time was allowed. Essay type exams were found to be particularly challenging for students with dyslexia. Students with dyslexia were also found to be at a disadvantage in their first year. Discussion:Overall, the evidence suggests that medical students with dyslexia are slower to adapt to medical school and under-perform early in the course. However, with appropriate supports, they appear to perform on a par with their non-dyslexic peers as they progress through their course.Our review highlights the need for more research in the medical student population.
The Combining the Roles of a Teacher and an Artist: the Analysis of the Prospective Theatre Teachers’ Action Research
Authors: Kazragytė Vida
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the empirical study, which inquiries in the combining the roles of an artist and of a teacher during artistic creation and education processes. The data were obtained by making the qualitative analysis of the accounts of the prospective theatre teachers’ action research reports (N – 24). The prospective theatre teachers were creating the theatrical performances and taught the students who performed the roles in their performances.

There were not found any statements which would indicate that the roles of an artist and of a teacher are considered to be opposite to each other or hard to combine. The prospective theatre teachers are performing these roles in some types of combination: a) artist-teacher; b) artist- teacher specialist and 3) teacher-artist according to the different communication situations. During the performing of artist-teacher roles, communication with students is as if they were already artists. That is a way to raise the creative-artistic goals for students and encourage students to achieve them through learning. It can be said that this combination of roles is important, in view of the final objective. The artist- teacher specialist roles require to communicate with the imaginary artistic results (scenario), and the students work on the stage. In other words, to combine what is imaginary with what appears real. Also to determine which students’ skills are necessary to develop for the imaginary result to be closer to reality. This combination of roles is important, for to the evolving artistic result. According to the teacher-artist roles performing and communication is aimed at students “to grow up” to their actual role as artists. The teachers as artists take care of the development of the new students’ artistic abilities to be correct, based on what the students already have appropriate. And they try to develop the new student’s abilities needed for the performances. This makes the content of the education more purposeful and meaningful.

The prospective theatre teachers do not mention any difficulties associated with the combining of roles. Only when the artistic creation and education processes slow down or are no longer productive, they analyzed their communication and found dissonance stemming from the loss of the role of a teacher. It can be assumed that this is due to lack of teaching experience and the fact that a lot of time and concentration has been spent on the communication in the world of imagination. Imbalance occurs also when they lack the knowledge of theory.

The prospective theatre teachers combine the roles of an artist and of a teacher intuitively, without their explicit realisation. So, it is necessary to provide the students with knowledge about the combination of roles during the study process.
Dynamics of Difficulties Experienced by Prospective Teachers of Psychology During Teaching Practice
Authors: Saikauskienė Albina , Lazdauskas Tomas
Published: July 2017

In the opinion of authors involved in studies on teacher education, teaching practice is an essential period of professional development (Hormenu et al., 2014; Hussain et al., 2013; Kirbulut & Bektas, 2011) and personality transformation (Schoeman & Mabunda, 2012) that enables student teachers to develop their professional and classroom identity as well as strengthening knowledge of theory and practice (Lakateb, 2016; Morales Cortés, 2016). Therefore, an analysis of the experience gained during each practice, as well as its dynamics, is undoubtedly useful in developing an active response to the difficulties faced by the student teachers and in adjusting the training process in a way that convinces them they are sufficiently prepared to overcome these difficulties.

This study is an analysis of the difficulties faced by prospective teachers of psychology during their teaching practice and the dynamics of such difficulties. We have analysed the reflections of two teaching practices of the previous two years undergone by the same student teachers (n = 34). In the study, we applied qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods.

The analysis of the results shows that during the practice students usually doubt their skills and competences in confronting difficulties in classroom management such as first contact with pupils, attention management, involvement in activities, response to misbehaviour, maintenance of discipline etcetera. The quantitative analysis of the confronted difficulties shows that the proportion of the experienced difficulties does not change from one practice to another (McNemar test χ2 < 3.84). More than half (56 %) of students pointed out the same difficulties faced during the first and the second practice. Although some student teachers assess their pedagogical competence as improved, it remains unclear why a meaningful reduction of the difficulties reported after the first practice does not take place in the second practice. The results suggest more research is needed into the dynamics of difficulties experienced by student teachers and into planning new ways to develop professional competences.
Features of Interpersonal Interaction of Blind and Visually Impaired Youth with Student Group
Authors: Gudonis Vytautas , Klopota Yevhenii
Published: July 2017

The paper presents outcomes research of features of interpersonal relationships, the level of perception and motivational orientations interaction of those who can see with blind and visually impaired students of higher educational institution. The attention is focused on the specifics of the social and psychological training as a means of improving communicative competence of blind and visually impaired students and optimization of their social status in the student body.
HEAVY METALS IN VINEYARDS AND ORCHARD SOILS
Authors: BRUNETTO GUSTAVO , FERREIRA PAULO ADEMAR AVELAR , MELO GEORGE WELLINGTON , CERETTA CARLOS ALBERTO , TOSELLI MORENO
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT The application of foliar fungicides in vineyards and orchards can increase soil concentration of heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), up to the toxicity threshold for fruit trees and cover crops. However, some agronomic practices, such as liming, addition of organic fertilizers, cultivation of soil cover crops and inoculation of young plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the availability and the potential of heavy metal toxicity to fruit trees. This review aims to compile and present information about the effects of increasing concentrations of heavy metals, especially Cu and Zn, on soils cultivated with fruit trees and provides some agronomic practices of remediation. Information about the sources of heavy metals found in soils cultivated with fruit trees are presented; mechanisms of absorption, transport, accumulation and potential toxicity to plants are described.