bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La probabilidad como elemento orientador de la toma de decisiones
Authors: Sanabria Brenes Giovanni , Núñez Vanegas Félix
Published: April 2017

La resolución de problemas como metodología de enseñanza actualmente ocupa un lugar privilegiado en la matemática. La enseñanza de la probabilidad, considerada como una disciplina de las matemáticas, no debería estar desligada de esta metodología y si permear sus procesos de aprendizaje. No obstante, siendo la didáctica de la probabilidad un campo insipiente, las propuestas en torno a su enseñanza son pocas, y encontrar propuestas didácticas basadas en la resolución de problemas, es difícil. Lo anterior plantea entonces, interrogantes validas, tales como, si se considera a la probabilidad como modelo para resolver problemas, ¿cómo resolver con éxito un conjunto de situaciones problema? por otro lado, ¿Qué limitaciones tiene el modelo probabilístico en la resoluciones de dichas situaciones? Y desde luego también, es natural preguntarnos, ¿Cómo desarrollar en el estudiante el pensamiento probabilístico a través de situaciones problemáticas?
 El presente trabajo pretende dar una respuesta parcial a estas interrogantes, recurriendo a los principales referentes teóricos de resolución de problemas: Polya (1965), Schoenfeld (1985) y Brousseau (1986). Y además, se consideran los significados de probabilidad propuestos por Batanero (2005). Así, se propone una clasificación de las situaciones problemas en probabilidad: aquellas centradas en el cálculo de probabilidades (ampliamente tratadas en los libros de texto), las que tiene que ver con la toma de decisiones y las situaciones ajenas al azar que utilizan la probabilidad como modelo.
 Por otro lado, queremos caracterizar las situaciones problema que tienen que ver con toma de decisiones. Así, se parte de un problema básico de cálculo de probabilidades con datos, y poco a poco a la luz de referentes teóricos, este se va transformando en una situación problema de toma de decisiones que permita abordar la enseñanza de la probabilidad. En este trabajo, solo se diseña la situación problema, esta requiere ser validada en el aula.
 Finalmente, producto de la construcción de la situación, se plantean una seria de características y recomendaciones para la formulación de situaciones problema de toma de decisiones con fines didácticos.
Exigencia cognitiva de las tareas sobre probabilidad en el currículo de Educación Primaria
Authors: Vásquez O Claudia , Pincheira H Nataly , Díaz-Levicoy Danilo
Published: April 2017

En este trabajo se analiza el nivel de exigencia cognitiva de las tareas sobre probabilidad propuestas en los programas de estudio de Educación Primaria chilena. Dado que estos constituyen un referente a seguir a la hora de decidir cómo organizar, secuenciar y desarrollar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, sobre todo de los contenidos que han sido recientemente incorporados al currículo escolar. Los resultados muestran un predominio de tareas vinculadas a un bajo nivel de exigencia cognitiva, que reducen el estudio de la probabilidad al uso de algoritmos y formulas.
Modelación de nichos ecológicos basado en tres escenarios de cambio climático para cinco especies de plantas en zonas altas de Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada-Quirós Mario , Acosta-Vargas Luis Guillermo , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Rodríguez-González Alexánder
Published: April 2017

El cambio climático genera diferentes respuestas en el patrón de distribución de la flora y fauna. Según las predicciones del Panel Intergubernamental del Cambio Climático (IPCC) por medio de modelos globales, las zonas altas son las que sufrirán efectos mayores, debido a los cambios drásticos en variables ambientales como la temperatura y precipitación. Por ello se realizaron modelos de nicho ecológico con el algoritmo MaxEnt (basado en máxima entropía) para las especies: Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Lindl.), Ilex pallida (Standl.), Myrrhidendron donnellsmithii (J.M. Coult. & Rose), Quercus costaricensis (Liebm.) y Vaccinium consanguineum (Klotzsch). A partir de las proyecciones al 2050 y 2070 de Worldclim (capas con información del clima global), se generaron los modelos en los escenarios de Representive Concentration Pathways de: RCP 2,6 (mitigación), RCP 4,5 (estabilización) y RCP 8,5 (pesimista). Las variables de mayor aporte fueron la temperatura máxima del periodo más caliente y la temperatura media en el trimestre más lluvioso; se utilizaron el test de Jackknife y el Área bajo la curva (AUC) para la validación y análisis de los modelos. La mayoría de las modelaciones muestran una tendencia a la reducción del área a mediano y largo plazo en comparación con nicho ecológico actual. Sin embargo, la especie Ilex pallida tiene proyecciones favorables en la colonización de nuevas áreas para los RCP 2,6 y RCP 4,5 en lugares de mayor elevación que las actuales.
Funções de densidade de probabilidade para a estimativa da distribuiçao diamétrica de plantios de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess
Authors: Bueno-Coelho Maria Cristina , Luiz-Erpen Mauro , Imaña-Encinas José , Magalhães-Gregório Walberisa , Coimbra-Limeira Mathaus Messias
Published: April 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo fue ajustar diferentes funciones de densidad probabilística para determinar una distribución diamétrica para una plantación de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess a los 74 meses de
edad. Se midieron 78 árboles con DAP entre 3,5 y 11,096 cm, con una promdio de 7,37 cm. Se evaluaron las funciones Weibull 2P, Normal y Log Normal utilizando el programa FiFd. La prueba Kolmogorov-Smirnov
(P>0,01) y el análisis gráfico se utilizaron para validar el ajuste de las funciones de densidad de probabilidad de los datos observados. Los resultados mostraron que la distribución diamétrica tiene asimetría unimodad positiva o directa y platicurtica. El ajuste de los datos estimados por las funciones de densidad de probabilidad mostraron que las funciones probadas en este estudio pueden ser utilizadas para el modelade de la distribución diamétrica de Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. en plantaciones comerciales, donde la función Weibull 2Pa mostro el mejor ajuste de los datos.
Propuesta metodológica para el ejercicio de la auditoría operativa en los gobiernos locales de Costa Rica (Methodical proposal for the practice of operational auditing in local governments in Costa Rica)
Authors: Meléndez Rojas Raudin Esteban
Published: April 2017

RESUMEN

Este artículo se enfocó en el desarrollo de un método de auditoría operativa que pueda ser aplicado en las organizaciones municipales del país, el cual permita evaluar la capacidad administrativa en todos los niveles, agregando valor y mejorando sus procesos de gestión.

Para la propuesta metodológica se diseñó un plan de trabajo compuesto por fases, etapas y actividades para llevar a cabo la auditoría operativa. A su vez, se definió una estructura taxonómica compuesta por conceptos, categorías y variables que se proponen investigar en las municipalidades, a través de guías generales de auditoría que permitirán evaluarlas.

Los asuntos listados en las guías no pretenden agotar las posibilidades de investigación del auditor ni pretenden ser reduccionistas, simplemente representan una guía general que facilite la labor del equipo de auditores durante su ejercicio profesional. Este documento podría generar un aporte al proceso de control y fiscalización de la hacienda pública local.

 

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the development of an operational audit method that can be applied in local organizations of the country, in order to evaluate the administrative capacity in all levels, adding value and improving its management processes.

To carry out the operational audit, a working methodology was designed, consisting of phases, stages and activities. A taxonomic structure was also designed, which consisted of concepts, categories and variables that where proposed to be researched in the municipalities using general guides of audit that will allow the evaluation.

The guides presented are not intended to limit the research possibilities of the auditor, or to be reductionist. They are just a general guide to facilitate the work of the audit team during the professional practice.
Evaluación de rendimiento y calidad de tres genotipos de pepino tipo mini (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivados bajo invernadero en Costa Rica, durante la época seca
Authors: Chacón-Padilla Karla , Monge-Pérez José Eladio
Published: April 2017

Se realizó una evaluación de rendimiento y calidad de tres genotipos de pepino partenocárpico tipo mini cultivados bajo condiciones de invernadero. La cosecha inició a los 31 días después del trasplante para los tres genotipos. Los datos muestran una amplia variabilidad entre genotipos en cuanto a longitud del fruto (17,83 – 18,41 cm), diámetro del fruto (42,68 – 43,81 mm), número total de frutos por planta (33,81 – 41,35), peso promedio del fruto (224,24 – 239,71 g), rendimiento por planta (7717,07 – 9720,08 g/planta), rendimiento comercial (15,63 – 21,13 kg/m2), rendimiento total (20,05 – 25,25 kg/m2), y porcentaje de sólidos solubles totales (2,97 – 3,10 °Brix). El genotipo Katrina obtuvo el mayor rendimiento comercial (21,13 kg/m2) y de primera calidad (15,73 kg/m2).
Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS) y la Salud Sexual del Costarricense Tema III. Hábitos sexuales y normativa legal
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sandí William , Lemos-Pires Taciano , Arochena-Hernández Aymara
Published: April 2017

En Costa Rica, el inicio de la vida sexual cada vez se presenta a una edad más joven en la población. Estos cambios en las costumbres y hábitos sexuales de la población, una mayor precocidad sexual han llevado a modificaciones en cuanto tener que realizar ajustes con respecto a los esquemas de planificación familiar. Sin embargo, el conocimiento de los actuales métodos de planificación familiar no está disponible para toda la población, y ello genera en algunos casos desigualdades que llevan que personas sanas y productivas pasen a ser una carga para la seguridad social. Adicionalmente, existe en la población un desconocimiento con respecto al marco legal, en donde se establecen los derechos, deberes, obligaciones y beneficios para la población costarricense es también un tema poco conocido en nuestra población. 

Las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) tienen un rol, y un impacto real en los mecanismos de promoción de la salud sexual y reproductiva de la población del país. Así, como una influencia en los esquemas de salud Pública, que son aplicados por parte de los organismos rectores de los sistemas de salud como lo son el Ministerio de Salud (MS) y la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (CCSS).
Desarrollo de un modelo de confiabilidad para el análisis del desempeño de puentes. Un caso de estudio en Costa Rica
Authors: Picado-Alvarado Federico , Ortiz-Quesada Giannina
Published: April 2017

En el año 2013, como parte de los objetivos del proyecto de investigación eBridge del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, se realizaron varias pruebas de carga (no destructivas) en el puente que se ubica sobre el río Purires, en la entrada a San Isidro de El Guarco, Cartago, en la Ruta Nacional 1 o carretera Interamericana Sur. Para ello se utilizó una red inalámbrica de sensores (RIDS). Dicho proyecto pretende proponer un modelo de confiabilidad para evaluar el rendimiento estructural de puentes y de esta manera proveer parámetros específicos que ayuden a estimar su vida útil y saber en qué momento intervenirlo de manera preventiva.

En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos al realizar tres pruebas estáticas de carga, en las que se midieron variables críticas tales como como deformación, desplazamiento y deflexión. Se aplicaron técnicas estadísticas de bondad de ajuste para las deformaciones (strains) y, mediante pruebas de hipótesis, se determinó si los datos obtenidos en cada caso se ajustan adecuadamente o no a una distribución normal. Seguidamente, se utilizó la simulación Monte Carlo para obtener un índice de confiabilidad basado en la probabilidad de supervivencia y la probabilidad de falla para cada condición de carga estática. 

Los resultados arrojaron datos importantes en cuanto a la probabilidad de falla (Probabilidad= 0.047) para un caso de carga estática, posteriormente al estudio realizado, en dicho puente se produjo una falla de impacto moderado en una de las vigas de soporte, constatando así la veracidad del estudio y la utilidad de las herramientas utilizadas. 
Extracción y evaluación de los metabolitos secundarios de extractos etéreos del fruto Syzygium cumini (Jambool)
Authors: Camacho-Romero Oscar Ivan , Melgarejo-Gómez Sandra , De-la-Rosa-Torres Catalino
Published: April 2017

Syzygium cumini es una planta perteneciente a las Myrtaceae, nativa de India, utilizada en la medicina tradicional como antidiabética, hipolipidémica, gastoprotectora, entre otros. Para determinar la composición química de los extractos etéreos del fruto de S. cumini (jambool), se emplearon dos muestras del fruto de S. cumini en diferentes estados fueron maceradas en éter de petróleo. Los extractos fueron analizados por Cromatografía de gases -Espectrometría de Masas e identificados por comparación de sus espectros con la base de espectros NIST, Wiley y Adams. Donde en el extracto del fruto maduro se identificaron compuestos como β-guaieno (32.8 %), triterpeno -derivado de la amirina- (9,8%), trans-cariofileno (5,4%); mientras en el fruto seco están β-guaieno (26,2 %), benzoato de bencilo (14,7%), trans-cariofileno (4,5%); además se evidenciaron otros constituyentes minoritarios como β-pineno y p-cimeno; logrando identificar 47 compuestos entre terpenos y aromáticos, como componente mayoritario se identificó el β-guaieno.
Educação escolar indígena: limites e fragilidades na efetivação de direitos dos Guarani Mbya no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Russo Kelly , Souza Indiara Valeriano de
Published: April 2017

Este artigo discute o desenvolvimento da educação escolar indígena no estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir de estudo de caso realizado junto aos professores indígenas Guarani Mbya. Analisa o processo de implementação de políticas educativas, os desafios inerentes à construção de uma escola intercultural bilíngue específica e diferenciada, e a tensa relação existente entre comunidade indígena e Secretaria Estadual de Educação. Também aponta como, apesar da situação descontínua e fragmentada que a educação escolar indígena se encontra no Rio de Janeiro, os professores indígenas procuram reafirmar saberes multidisciplinares produzidos e recriados a partir de suas práticas cotidianas.
Trajetória de construção, desconstrução e reconstrução
Authors: Lescano Claudemiro Pereira
Published: April 2017

Meu nome é Claudemiro Pereira Lescano, sou do povo Ava Guarani, considerado como Nhandéva, e também do povo Tavyterã, considerado Kaiowá; moro na aldeia Taquaperi, no município de Coronel Sapucaia, Mato Grosso do Sul. Penso que antes de falar da minha trajetória acadêmica é importante falar sobre o meu povo Ava Guarani e Tavyterã. O Tavyterã, conhecido como Kaiowá, é o povo da floresta ka’aguygua ou ka’aguy pegua, nome que veio dos não índios. Minha família, por parte da minha mãe, é Tavyterã; vieram do Cerro Peron, a 15 km da aldeia Taquaperi, no município de Coronel Sapucaia. A família do meu pai é Ava Guarani, conhecido como Nhandéva; vieram da aldeia Ita Poty, na região de Amambai, a 45 kmde Taquaperi.
Para além do “pachamamismo”: Pachamama e Sumak Kawsay como potência cosmopolítica andina
Authors: Gomes dos Anjos José Carlos , Fehlauer Tércio Jacques
Published: April 2017

Na multiplicidade gramatical que irrompe de uma experiência cartográfica em meio ao pensamento andino-indígena, enfocaremos principalmente dois conceitos de passagem necessários à paisagem conceitual da diferença andina, Pachamama e Sumak Kawsay. a) Pachamama como o mundo vivo em nosso corpo sob o modo de afetos e perceptos (englobante e transcendente à “natureza”); b) Sumak Kawsay como estética andina da “esplêndida existência” e seus critérios para uma vida intensa. Afirmação do sensível que engendra outra relação com o corpo, um saber-do-corpo e um atuar micropolítico em um mundo-vivo. Na composição e desdobramento desses conceitos (em meio à multiplicidade da vida andina) se apresentam elementos éticos, estéticos e políticos da resistência andino-indígena.
Do primeiro encontro com os Xavante à demarcação de suas reservas: relatórios do Pe. Hipólito Chovelon
Authors: Lachnitt Georg
Published: April 2017

A tentativa de aproximação com o povo Xavante foi iniciada pelos salesianos em 1930 pelo Pe. João Fuchs e Pe. Pedro Sacilotti. Paralelamente ás várias investidas, os missionários produziram relatórios detalhados para documentar e informar as autoridades dos progressos de suas tentativas de aproximação.Neste Documento são apresentados os seis primeiros relatórios do Pe Chovelon, datados de 1937 a 1942, além da Carta ao Presidente Getúlio Vargas, de 1938. A seção Documento dos próximos números da Revista Tellus apresentarão os relatórios do Me Francisco Fernandes e do Pe Pedro Sbardellotto.
Trust, Economic Growth and Importance of the Institution
Authors: SON Heekyung
Published: April 2017

To keep making economic development continuously these days, there is a newly widespread awareness that it is definitely important to accumulate not only the physical and human capital but also the social capital. Many people have been paying attention to the trust which is one of the most representative factors in the social capital from an economic point of view as there are increasing empirical evidences to demonstrate pretty convincingly that the social capital significantly contributes to the economic growth.

In order to analyze how the social capital has an impact on the economic growth and what kind of factors make the level of trust changed, I adopted the Corruption Perception Index(CPI) as the indicator representing the "trust" so as to compare its CPI with those of other countries and analyzed data of the CPI from 34 OECD member countries from 2001 to 2013. As for the analysis of the variable factor for the level of trust, I made use of detailed institutional variables such as the political stability, the level of law and order, whether corruption is controlled or not, economic freedom and so on.

As a result, the CPI has a positive correlation with the growth rate of the real GDP per capita in the pooled OLS and random effect panel analysis while it has a negative correlation with them in the fixed effect panel analysis, which means there are a variety of regulations to control corruption and the more members of society put even more efforts to abide by social norms, the more negative the growth rate of the real GDP per capita gets as time goes by. I think that's why almost all of advanced countries already built such enough social norms and standards that they do not play any significant role in economy.
Worksheets that Teach: Algebra 1, Volume II
Authors:   Quantum Scientific Publishing
Published: April 2017

Worksheets That Teach are completely different than normal classroom worksheets because they actually teach the content!

Each content-based worksheet begins by actually teaching all of the content in the stated learning objective(s) before moving into the set of exercises that are normally found in a classroom worksheet.

Worksheets That Teach are ideal for:
1. Classroom use to reinforce a topic
2. Student test preparation
3. Homeschooling
4. Individual tutoring sessions
5. Successful students that would like the additional challenge of exploring a new topic on their own
6. Substitute teachers that need to teach a class in an unfamiliar discipline

Worksheets That Teach Series Areas of Study:
Foreign Languages
General Studies
History
Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
The Beginner's Guide to Engineering: Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Huber Mark
Published: April 2017

The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering series is designed to provide a very simple, non-technical introduction to the fields of engineering for people with no experience in the fields.

Each book in the series focuses on introducing the reader to the various concepts in the fields of engineering conceptually rather than mathematically.

These books are a great resource for high school students that are considering majoring in one of the engineering fields, or for anyone else that is curious about engineering but has no background in the field.

Books in the series:
1. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Chemical Engineering
2. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Computer Engineering
3. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Electrical Engineering
4. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Mechanical Engineering
An Easy Introduction to Economics: Microeconomics
Authors: Carlson Susan M.
Published: April 2017

Have you ever wondered how economics affect you personally? Are you interested in how your financial behavior affects the prices and availability of the goods and services you use every day? This easy introduction to microeconomics gives you an opportunity to learn about the basic concepts of the economics of individuals and businesses in simple terms and easy to understand graphics
Molecular Biology: A Key to Understanding Genetics
Authors: BTCI
Published: April 2017

Genetics is the area of molecular biology that allows scientists to understand how DNA contributes to the complex nature of life on the planet. Written for a general audience by scientists and educators, this text explains many important cellular processes that rely on genetic information. In addition, tools for studying DNA are examined, including discussion of how these tools can be used to enhance our understanding and treatment of human disease.
COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA E MORFOESTRUTURAL DA BACIA DO RIO CAPIBARIBEMIRIM, PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Corrêa Antônio Carlos de Barros , Fonsêca Drielly Naamma
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho propõe uma compartimentação geomorfológica para a bacia do rio Capibaribe-Mirim, a partir da correlação dos diferentes litotipos distribuídos sob as diversas formas de relevo. Utilizando o método de análise morfoestrutural alicerçados nos índices morfométricos, juntamente com a aplicação de fotolineamentos, do arranjo da rede de drenagem e dados litoestruturais. Esta abordagem permitiu a diferenciação do modelado na sua compartimentação morfoestrutural e suas subunidades morfológicas. GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOSTRUCTURAL COMPARTMENTS OF RIO CAPIBARIBE-MIRIM WATERSHED, PERNAMBUCO ABSTRACTThe following work proposes the identification of geomorphological compartments for the Capibaribe-Mirim river Watershed, based on the correlation of landforms and the several litho-types and geological structures of the area. A morphostructural analysis methodology, following the application of morphometric indexes to the landscape, was carried out in order to identify the major landform units. Those were coupled with the digital processing of lineaments, drainage network patterns and litho-structural data. This approach resulted in the identification of morphostructural units and their respective morphological sub-units.Keywords: Morphostructural analysis; geomorphological mapping; Borborema highlands piedmont.
MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS APLICADOS À PREVISÃO DE ESCORREGAMENTOS TRANSLACIONAIS RASOS: Exemplos em Áreas Naturais e de Risco
Authors: Listo Fabrizio De Luiz Rosito
Published: April 2017

Um dos métodos utilizados para a previsão de áreas suscetíveis a escorregamentos translacionais rasos são os modelos matemáticos em bases físicas, que descrevem fisicamente os processos por meio de equações matemáticas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o embasamento teórico, os procedimentos metodológicos, as principais limitações e duas aplicações dos modelos matemáticos mais utilizados internacionalmente, SHALSTAB e TRIGRS. Ambos os modelos baseiam-se em equações físicas, embora apresentem algumas diferenças em suas estruturas matemáticas, nos quais a acurácia dos parâmetros de entrada são fundamentais para garantirem melhores resultados de previsão. Apesar de possuírem muitas vantagens, tais como a não incorporação de eventos pretéritos em sua análise, como em outros métodos (ex. estatísticos) e a redução da subjetividade (como em análises heurísticas), sua aplicação é ainda pouco observada por órgãos públicos para fins de planejamento urbano, apesar da exigência de cartas de suscetibilidade para ocupação de terrenos urbanos e rurais de acordo com a Legislação Federal atual do país. MATHEMATICAL MODELS APPLIED TO THE FORECAST OF SHALLOW TRANSLATIONAL LANDSLIDES: Examples from Natural and Risk-Prone Areas ABSTRACTOne of the methods used to predict shallow translational landslides susceptible areas are the mathematical models on physical bases that physically describe the processes by means of mathematical equations. Thus, the objective of this work is to present the theoretical basis, methodological procedures, main limitations and two applications of the most commonly used mathematical models, SHALSTAB and TRIGRS. Both models are based on physical equations, although they present some differences in their mathematical structures, whence the accuracy of the input parameters are fundamental to ensure better prediction results. While the models have many advantages, such as the non-incorporation of past events in their analysis, as in other methods (for example statistics) and the reduction of subjectivity (as in heuristic analyzes), its application is still poorly observed by public agencies for urban planning purposes, despite the requirement susceptibility maps for occupation of urban and rural land use in accordance with Brazilian Federal Law.Keywords: Shallow translational landslides; SHALSTAB; TRIGRS.
MOBILIDADE LOGÍSTICA TUPIGUARANI E CAPTAÇÃO DE RECURSOS NA PORÇÃO PERNAMBUCANA DA CHAPADA DO ARARIPE, BRASIL
Authors: Amaral Alencar De Miranda , Oliveira Cláudia Alves de , Cardoso Rosemary Aparecida
Published: April 2017

Procuramos em nosso trabalho definir os recursos disponíveis na porção pernambucana da Chapada do Araripe, e compreender como sua potencial exploração pode ter atuado sobre as estratégias de mobilidade dos ceramistas Tupiguarani que ocuparam a área que hoje esta inserida no município de Araripina - PE. Assim, a partir da análise de diferentes aspectos do contexto geoambiental de 26 sítios lito-cerâmicos instalados em Araripina perquirimos os limites e possibilidades ofertadas pelos ecossistemas locais nos quais os ceramistas Tupiguarani se instalaram, objetivando compreender como a oferta diferencial de recursos pode ter influenciado as estratégias de mobilidade logística empregadas pelos indígenas que ocuparam esta área. TUPIGUARANI LOGISTIC MOBILITY AND SITE CATCHMENT IN CHAPADA DO ARARIPE, PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL ABSTRACTWe seek in this paper to define the resources available in Pernambuco portion of the Chapada do Araripe, and understand how your potential exploitation may have acted on mobility strategies Tupiguarani potters who occupied the area that today is inserted in the municipality of Araripina - PE. Thus, from the analysis of different aspects of geo-environmental context of 26 litho-ceramic sites installed in Araripina analyze the limits and possibilities offered by local ecosystems in which Tupiguarani potters settled, in order to understand how the differential supply of resources may have influenced the logistics mobility strategies employed by the Indians who occupied this area.Keywords: Logistic Mobility; Site Catchment; Tupiguarani Potters.
A Novel Protocol to Monitor Trace Levels of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Environmental Water Using Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh , Kabir Abuzar , Rao Avasarala Lakshmi Jagannadha , Malik Ashok Kumar , Furton Kenneth G.
Published: April 2017

Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) combines the advanced material properties of sol–gel derived microextraction sorbents and the flexible and permeable fabric support to create a robust, simple and green sample preparation device. It simultaneously improves the extraction sensitivity, and the speed of the extraction by incorporating high volume of sponge-like porous sol–gel hybrid inorganic–organic sorbents into permeable fabric substrates that is capable of extracting target analytes directly from simple to complex aqueous sample matrices. For the first time, this technique was applied to the trace level determination of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental water samples using a non-polar sol–gel C18 coated FPSE media. Several extraction parameters were optimized to improve extraction efficiency and to achieve high detection sensitivity. Validation tests of spiked samples showed good linearity for four selected PAHs (R2 = 0.9983–0.9997) over a wide range of concentrations (0.010-10 ng/mL). Limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were measured at pg/mL levels, 0.1–1 pg/mL and 0.3–3 pg/mL, respectively. Inter- and intra-day precision tests showed variations of 1.1–4.1% for four selected PAHs. Average absolute recovery values were in the range of 88.1–90.5% surpassed the recovery prediction model, with relative standard deviations below 5%. The developed FPSE-HPLC-FLD protocol was finally applied to analyze 8 environmental water samples. Out of four selected PAHs, fluoranthene (Flu) and phenanthrene (Phen) were the most frequently detected in four samples, at concentration levels of 5.6–7.7 ng/mL and 4.1-11 ng/mL, respectively followed by anthracene (Anth) and pyrene (Pyr) in two samples. The newly developed FPSE-HPLC-FLD protocol is simple, green, fast and economical, with adequate sensitivity for trace levels of four selected PAHs and seems to be promising in routine monitoring of water quality and safety.
Entanglement Monotones and Measures: An Overview
Authors: Erol Volkan
Published: April 2017

Quantum information theory and quantum computing are theoritical basis of quantum computers. Thanks to entanglement, quantum mechanical systems are provisioned to realize many information processing problems faster than classical counterparts. For example, Shor’s factorization algorithm, Grover’s search algorithm, quantum Fourrier transformation, etc. Entanglement, is the theoretical basis providing the expected speedups. It can be view in bipartite or multipartite forms. In order to quantify entanglement, some measures are defined. On the other hand, a general and accepted criterion, which can measure the amount of entanglement of multilateral systems, has not yet been found. In this work, we make a short review of recent research on the topic entanglement monotones and measures with an analitical approach.
Elastic Charging Service Fee Based Load Guiding Strategy for Fast Charging Station
Authors: Su Shu , Zhao Hang , Zhang Hongzhi , Lin Xiangning
Published: April 2017

Compared with the traditional slow charging loads, random integration of large scale fast charging loads will exert more serious impacts on the security of power network operation. Besides, to maximize social benefits, effective scheduling strategy guiding fast charging behaviors should be formulated rather than simply increasing infrastructure construction investments on the power grid. This paper has analyzed the charging users’ various responses to the elastic charging service fee, introduced the index of charging balance degree to a target region by considering the influence of fast charging loads on power grid. Then, a multi-objective optimization model of the fast charging service fee is constructed, whose service fee can be further optimized by employing fuzzy programming method. Therefore, both users’ satisfaction degree and the equilibrium of charging loads can be maintained simultaneously by guiding EVs to different fast charging stations reasonably. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed dynamic charging service pricing and the proposed fast charging load guidance strategy.
Mushrooming Communities: A Field Guide to Mycology in Community Forests
Authors: Serra Rita , Rodrigues Eugénia , García-Barrios Raúl
Published: April 2017

Forest community connections are crucial to ensure forest stewardship and sustainability. We set to explore the potential of mushrooming to enable such connections in contexts were these were historically broken, alienating local people from forests. Taking the case of the recent devolution of a community forest in central Portugal (baldios) to the local population, the authors present a five-year pilot project to rework mycology from a mushroom-centered approach to a mushroom-in-baldios approach. Mushrooms were used as an entry-point to connect the forest ecology with the challenges of governance and community building. The devised activities provided an opportunity for people inside and outside the local community to adventure into the woods, find about their socio-ecological history, develop communal and convivial relationships and engage in the responsible gathering of wild mushrooms. However, the hosting of mushroomers to know, value and engage with the community forest recovery is constantly worked against the enclosure of mushrooms to provide marketable forms of leisure. The outcome will depend on the relationships established between mushrooms, mycologists, local administrators, commoners and poachers, operating within a framework that favors the eradication of resources instead of the long-term relationships that sustain places.
Essentials of essential oils
Authors: Manion Chelsea R. , Widder Rebecca M.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Information to guide clinicians in educating and advising patients using or intending to use essential oils for self-administered aromatherapy or other medicinal purposes is presented.

The term essential oils refers to highly concentrated, aromatic oils extracted from plants by steam distillation, hydrodiffusion, or pressure. Market reports indicate strong growth in the use of essential oils in the United States in recent decades. Therapeutic claims made in the marketing of essential oils have led the Food and Drug Administration to caution a number of suppliers. Along with rapid growth in sales of essential oils to consumers there has been an increase in the amount of published evidence regarding aromatherapy and essential oils; the annual number of relevant articles indexed using Medical Subject Headings terminology has doubled since 2004. In order to help ensure proper application and safe use of essential oils as a self-care modality, healthcare professionals can benefit from a general knowledge of the terminology and foundational concepts of medicinal use of essential oils, as well as resources to facilitate evaluations of appropriateness of use.

Conclusion

Because of the increasing popularity of essential oils and the prevalence of essential oil–based self-care practices targeting a wide variety of ailments in the United States, healthcare professionals must be prepared to address concerns about the agents’ safety and efficacy. Proper literature evaluation requires the ability to discern the quality of an oil, the safety of administration, and the validity of its use.
Association of human leukocyte antigen variants and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Li Xingang , Zhao Zhigang , Sun Shu-Sen
Published: April 2017

Purpose

The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) was evaluated through a pooled analysis of published studies.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed in multiple databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, EMBASE, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and Science Direct. Studies investigating the association between HLA alleles with allopurinol-induced SJS or TEN were retrieved, and the data were independently extracted. The overall odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the association between the presence of HLA variant in at least one allele and allopurinol-induced SJS or TEN. To test the robustness of the meta-analysis results, a sensitivity analysis was performed by removing each study one at a time and calculating the pooled ORs of the remaining studies. The fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to pool the collected data.

Results

A total of 4 studies with 81 allopurinol-induced SJS or TEN cases and matched controls (allopurinol-tolerant patients) or population controls (general population) were identified. SJS and TEN were found to be significantly associated with HLA-A*33:03 and HLA-C*03:02 alleles in both groups of studies with matched controls and population controls. All of the pooled ORs were not significantly affected by the remaining studies and different modeling methods, indicating robust results.

Conclusion

A strong association was found between HLA-A*33:03 and HLA-C*03:02 alleles and allopurinol-induced SJS or TEN, especially in an Asian population.
Hibridização do ensino nos cursos de graduação presenciais das universidades federais: uma análise da regulamentação
Authors: Silva Michele Rejane Coura da , Maciel Cristiano , Alonso Kátia Morosov
Published: April 2017

A integração entre o ensino presencial e o virtual, o ensino híbrido, vem sendo foco de estudos no cenário mundial. No Brasil, a normatização da semipresencialidade, pela portaria nº 4.059/2004, permitiu a hibridização do ensino. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como as universidades federais estão ofertando o ensino híbrido em cursos de graduação presenciais, considerando-se sua regulamentação. O estudo teve abordagem qualitativa com viés exploratório descritivo, no qual foi realizada uma análise documental das regulamentações que autorizam a oferta do ensino híbrido nas universidades federais, bem como um questionário diagnóstico. A análise dos dados indica uma incompreensão acentuada do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e de como elas podem ser apropriadas pelos cursos de graduação presenciais para fomentar a hibridização do ensino.
Synthetic cannabinoids: new matrix addiction
Authors: Antsyborov Andrey Viktorovich , Mrykhin Vladimir Valerievich
Published: April 2017

The majority of synthetic cannabinoids (SC), belongs to the group of so-called designer drugs distributed through illegal online shopping. The first reports of this group of psychoactive substances appeared in the 70s of the last century. Today, according to various estimates, there are over 160 varieties of synthetic cannabinoids, and this figure is increasing annually due to the synthesis of new substances in the group. This group of substances is designed to «copy» the psychoactive effects of cannabis. Initially, these substances were created solely for research purposes, to study the endocannabinoid system of the person. Natural THC is a partial agonist of cannabinoid receptors. Synthetic cannabinoids are full agonists CB1R and CB2R types of cannabinoid receptors. Most countries in the world, including Russia, at the legislative level have taken restrictive measures for preventing the spread of this group of substances. In order to circumvent the legislative measures, the producers of synthetic cannabinoids regularly changing the chemical formula. Each year, an increasing number of emergency hospital admissions associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids in the peer-reviewed literature describes the deaths directly attributable to medical complications after taking synthetic cannabinoids. Numerous studies have proven the possibility of developing psychological dependence due to the use of synthetic cannabinoids. The proposed review of the literature is presented for the purpose of organizing data in the field of synthetic cannabinoids.
Drug-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension: The First 50 Years
Authors: de Jesus Perez Vinicio A.
Published: April 2017

Drug-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (D-PAH) is a form of World Health Organization Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by severe small vessel loss and obstructive vasculopathy, which leads to progressive right heart failure and death. To date, 16 different compounds have been associated with D-PAH, including anorexinogens, recreational stimulants, and more recently, several Food and Drug Administration–approved medications. While the clinical manifestations, pathology, and hemodynamic profile of D-PAH are indistinguishable from other forms of PAH, its clinical course can be unpredictable and largely dependent on removal of the offending agent. Since only a subset of individuals develop D-PAH, it is likely that genetic susceptibility plays a role in pathogenesis, but characterization of the genetic factors responsible for disease susceptibility remains incomplete. Besides aggressive treatment with PH-specific therapies, the major challenge in the management of D-PAH remains the early identification of compounds capable of injuring the pulmonary circulation in susceptible individuals. Institution of pharmacovigilance, precision medicine strategies, and global warning systems will help facilitate identification of high-risk drugs and institute regulation strategies to prevent further outbreaks of D-PAH.
HIV-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension: A Global Perspective
Authors: Barnett Christopher F. , Hsue Priscilla Y.
Published: April 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a well-recognized cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Worldwide, an estimated 37 million individuals are infected with HIV, and the availability of effective HIV therapy means that more of these patients are living longer and developing cardiovascular complications, including PAH. In European populations, it is estimated that 0.5% of patients with HIV infection develop moderate to severe PAH, so that HIV infection may be one of the most common causes of PAH worldwide. Untreated, the prognosis of HIV-associated PAH is particularly poor, and a large proportion of patients with HIV infection live in resource-poor regions of the world where PAH therapy is not available. In this review, the available data on epidemiology, hemodynamics, mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies for HIV-associated PAH are summarized.
Merleau-Ponty y la ontología de la naturaleza: intercorporalidad, negatividad y dialéctica
Authors: Cladakis Maximiliano Basilio
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del siguiente trabajo es explicar cómo la elaboración de una ontología de la naturaleza por parte de Merleau-Ponty se circunscribe en el intento de elaborar un pensamiento del ser que no haga de éste un elemento del pensamiento abstracto, sino que dé cuenta de la experiencia concreta del ser en el mundo. En este sentido, son fundamentales los conceptos de intercorporalidad, negatividad y dialéctica.
Evaluation functions for integral mapping
Authors: Lesnykh S.I. , Cherkashin A.K.
Published: April 2017

The proposed procedure of integral mapping is based on calculation of evaluation functions on the integral indicators (II) taking into account the feature of the local geographical environment, when geosystems in the same states in the different environs have various estimates. Calculation of II is realized with application of a Principal Component Analysis for processing of the forest database, allowing to consider in II the weight of each indicator (attribute). The final value of II is equal to a difference of the first (condition of geosystem) and the second (condition of environmental background) principal components. The evaluation functions are calculated on this value for various problems of integral mapping. The environmental factors of variability is excluded from final value of II, therefore there is an opportunity to find the invariant evaluation function and to determine coefficients of this function. Concepts and functions of the theory of reliability for making the evaluation maps of the hazard of functioning and stability of geosystems are used.
GIS Technologies in Course of Mathematical Cartography
Authors: Ivlieva N.G. , Manukhov V.F.
Published: April 2017

GIS are closely related to mathematical cartography, as they work with spatially coordinated data. Practical course in mathematical cartography should meet the requirements of time and include tasks involving the use of modern GIS technologies. The functionality of GIS packages allow you to easily create maps in a given map projection, draw graticules and measured grids, perform dimensions on maps. This article is devoted to the research of map projection properties on the basis of GIS technologies in a practical course of mathematical cartography. The focus is on visual way to display local and regional distortions on maps. To create lines of equal distortion should use special software tools that allow to build digital models of surface distortion distribution directly on formulas or be interpolated both discretely located nodal points and isolines.
The impact of duration observations on precision of results GNSS measurements
Authors: Grishko S.V.
Published: April 2017

This paper shows that the accuracy of relative satellite measurements depend not only on the length of the baseline, as it is regulated by the rating formula of accuracy of GNSS equipment, but also on the duration of observations. As a result of the strict adjustment much redundant satellite networks with different duration of observations obtained covariance matrix of baselines, the most realistic reflecting the actual error of satellite observations. Research of forms of communication of these errors from length of the baseline and duration of its measurement is executed. A significant influence of solar activity on accuracy of satellite measurements, in general, leads to unequal similar series of measurements made at different periods, for example, in the production of monitoring activities. The model of approximation of the functional dependence of accuracy of the baseline from its length and duration of observations having good qualitative characteristics is offered. Based on the proposed model, we analyzed the dynamics of changes in measurement accuracy with an increase in observation time.
An embedded computer cluster for controlling an autonomous unmanned air vehicle crane
Authors: Ribeiro Constantino Gonçalves , Raptopoulos Luciano Santos Constantin , Dutra Max Suell
Published: April 2017

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) usage are becoming part of many dally tasks. They are substituting bigger and more expensive crafts, but these substitutions do not mean a reduction of complexity and cost of operate these UAVs. In many applications is more expensive use UAVs than the original equipment. It´s because of cost of better trained operators, expensive remote control environment to control de the vehicles and sophisticated UAVs. This work proposes a robotic flying crane that uses a light than air vehicle and performs its tasks as much independent of remote operators as possible, and minimizing connection to a mission control facility. This independence of operation is a result of embedding the path mission control into the UAV. The embedded path control makes the UAV less dependable of connections with its control center and consequently less dependable of human interaction. The kinematics and dynamics of a light than air vehicle (blimp) able to perform the task of logging transportations, was develop and a prototype of an embedded parallel-distributed compute was constructed. Finally, new procedures to resolve navigations and collision evasions issues are proposed to prove the concept. A simulator was used to reproduce new evasion procedures and a new parallel / distributed program for optimal path discover was developed and used in the embedded cluster prototype. The tests simulations of evasion procedures were satisfactory, and better performance of speed up tests in embedded cluster prototype showed the potential of the whole proposed framework.