bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of groundwater chemistry on shallow aquifer of Yogyakarta City urban area
Authors: Eka Putra Doni Prakasa
Published: October 2019

Since 1980s, accelerated by urbanization, Yogyakarta City was shifting to many directions defined by main road networks and service centres. Urbanization has transformed rural dwellings to become urban settlements and generated urban agglomeration area. Until now, new business centres, education centres and tourism centres are growing hand in hand with new settlements (formal or informal) without proper provision of water supply and sanitation system. This condition increase the possibility of groundwater contamination from urban wastewater and a change of major chemistry of groundwater as shallow unconfined aquifer is lying under Yogyakarta City. To prove the evolution of groundwater chemistry, old data taken on 1980s were comparing with the recent groundwater chemistry data. The evaluation shows that nitrate content of groundwater in 1980s was a minor anion, but nowadays become a major anion, especially in the shallow groundwater in the centre of Yogyakarta City. This evidence shows that there is an evolution of groundwater chemistry in shallow groundwater below Yogyakarta City due to contamination from un-proper on-site sanitation system.

Keywords: Urbanization, Yogyakarta city, rural dwellings, settlements, agglomeration, contamination, groundwater
Removal of mercury (Hg) from contaminated water at traditional gold mining area in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Wilopo Wahyu , Rahman Denizar , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , Warmada I Wayan
Published: October 2019

There are many traditional gold mining and processing in Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan. The processing of gold mostly uses mercury (Hg) and produces a lot of waste water. It just throws to the river without any treatment. Therefore the concentration of mercury (Hg) in the river water is over than the standard of drinking water and reach up to 0.346 mg dm-3. This situation is very dangerous because almost of the people in the downstream area depend on the river water for their daily purposes. To solve this problem, tuff from local material was used to remove mercury using batch experiment. The result showed that tuff has capability to remove mercury in the significant amount. The main mechanism of mercury removal by tuff is cation exchange processes due to high surface area of tuff. The result of this study can be used as an alternative for waste water treatment in mining area.

Keywords: Traditional mining, mercury removal, tuff
ESTIMATION OF SUBSURFACE STRUCTURE BASED ON MICROTREMOR, BORE HOLE OBSERVATIONS AND STOCHASTIC STRONG GROUND MOTION SIMULATIONS IN PALU CITY, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA: A VALIDATION AND SENSITIVITY STUDY ON THE 23 JANUARY 2005 (PALU) EARTHQUAKE
Authors: Thein Pyi Soe , Pramumijoyo Subagyo , Wilopo Wahyu , Setianto Agung , Brotopuspito Kirbani Sri , Kiyono Junji
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigated the subsurface structure and strong ground motion parameters for Palu City. One of the major structures in Central Sulawesi is the Palu-Koro Fault system. Several powerful earthquakes have struck along the Palu-Koro Fault during recent years, one of the largest of which was an M 6.3 event that occurred on January 23, 2005 and caused several casualties. Following the event, we conducted a microtremor survey to estimate the shaking intensity distribution during the earthquake. From this survey we produced a map of the peak ground acceleration, velocity and ground shear strain in Palu City. We performed single observations of microtremors at 151 sites in Palu City. The results enabled us to estimate the site-dependent shaking characteristics of earthquake ground motion. We also conducted 8-site microtremor array investigation to gain a representative determination of the soil condition of subsurface structures in Palu. From the dispersion curve of array observations, the central business district of Palu corresponds to relatively soil condition with Vs ≤ 300 m/s, the predominant periods due to horizontal vertical ratios (HVSRs) are in the range of 0.4 to 1.8 s and the resonant frequency are in the range of 0.7 to 3.3 Hz. Three boreholes were throughout the basin especially in Palu area to evaluate the geotechnical properties of subsurface soil layers. The depths are varying from 1 m to 30 m. Strong ground motions of the Palu area were predicted based on the empirical stochastic green’s function method. Peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity becomes more than 0.04 g and 30 kine in some areas, which causes severe damage for buildings in high probability. Keywords: Palu-Koro fault, microtremor, bore holes, peak ground acceleration and velocity.
GEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION FOR CO2 STORAGE IN INDONESIA: A BASINAL SCALE OUTLOOK
Authors: Amijaya Hendra
Published: October 2019

Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CSS) is alternative of reducing atmospheric emissions of CO2. The concepts of CO2 storage refer to the injection of carbon dioxide in dense form into aquifers, which basically must meet several conditions. Three types of geological formations that can be used for the geological storage of CO2 are oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline formations and unmineable coal beds. Indonesia has 60 Tertiary basins, however that great precautions must be taken for selecting particular sedimentary basin in Indonesia for carbon dioxide storage because of high possibility of leakage and the need to find deep formations as CO2 host since the geothermal gradient is high. One possibility to find proper basins is by selected “mature” basin as the detailed geological conditions are well known. Candidates are are North East Java or South Sumatra Basins.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide capture, storage, emission, basin.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH WORK ON THE EVALUATION ON LONG TERM STABILITY OF ARTIFICIAL SLOPE PROTECTION
Authors: Soty Ros , Karnawati Dwikorita , Aoki Kenji
Published: October 2019

Application of GPR, RedExplorer1.4 and GeoStudio2004 have been used to evaluate the overall stability condition of a steep slope along Kalibawang irrigation channel km 8.5, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Province, Indonesia, that this slope slid down in 1990 and was restabilized by cut to be gentler and covered by shotcrete. Topographic map and engineering geological map in scale 1:2000 have been established prior to the detail investigation. Three drilling logs with in-situ test, SPT and CPT, and samplings have been made and sent to soil mechanic laboratory for index properties tests, and a slope profile along the main axe will be also created for stability analysis through GeoStudio2004. Moreover, GPR has been used to run on a full slope surface to detect the distribution of fractures and/or cavities behind the shotcrete and the results have been interpreted by the aid of RedExplorer1.4.Three profiles showing the rate and depth of fractures and/or cavities are established whereas the slope stability analysis through GeoStudio2004 is the next target of the research. The author is expecting the result from the integration of GPR interpretation and GeoStudio2004 to figure out the overall stability with respect to its existing conditions and its own geometry.

Keywords: GPR, GeoStudio2004, overall stability, fracture and/or cavities.
ESTIMATION, REALITY AND TREND OF GROUNDWATER NITRATE CONCENTRATION UNDER UNSEWERED AREA OF YOGYAKARTA CITY – INDONESIA
Authors: Eka Putra Doni Prakasa
Published: October 2019

In the last two decades, urbanization has transformed Yogyakarta City expanding beyond its administrative area with about one million inhabitants. The City sited on shallow unconfined aquifer has rapidly changed without appropriate access to sanitation and piped water supply. Until now, only 9% of the urban population is served by sewers system and less than 30% of urban population have access to clean water which supplied by the local public water-work. Most of the urban population depend on shallow groundwater for much of their water supply. Regards to the massive used of on-site sanitation systems in the city, contamination of nitrate in shallow groundwater is predicted to occur and surveys of domestic dug wells have revealed a widespread nitrate contamination of the groundwater. Comparison of groundwater nitrate and chloride concentration from several old data and the latest data shows clearly an evidence of the increasing of nitrate concentration and nitrate leaching in the shallow groundwater under Yogyakarta City overtime. Considering the trend, it is no doubt that most of nitrate concentration under urbanized area in the Yogyakarta City will be greater than 50 mg/L in the next several years, if appropriate management action to deal with the on-site sanitation system is not conducted.
JATIBARANG LANDFILL OF SEMARANG CITY: IS IT POTENTIAL AS THE WATER CONTAMINATION SOURCE?
Authors: Hendrayana Heru , Eka Putra Doni Prakasa , T. Putranto Thomas , Xaixongdeth Ponhalath
Published: October 2019

Like other million inhabitants Cities, Semarang which is the capital city of Central Java Province in Indonesia has a problem in solid waste management. One biggest landfill in the City is the Jatibarang Landfill. The landfill operated since 1992 and currently receives the domestic waste of about 337 ton/day with total volume of about 5.2 million m3 of solid waste. It located on the hill slope of sandstone tertiary rocks and relatively closed to the river of Kreo (which is the main source of drinking water for Semarang City). In order to evaluate the potentiality of landfill as the contamination source to groundwater and surface water, the quality of leachates were analyzed and the hydrogeology of the area was re-studied. Result of the study show that the leachates contain high chloride concentration of about 2600 mg/L however low concentration of heavymetals. Hydrogeology study show evidence that this leachate is already enters the groundwater system. However its load to the river can be neglected due to the fact that the chloride mass flux derived from the study area was significantly low comparing to the net river loads.

Key Word: landfill, water contamination, chloride, groundwater and surface water interaction
Promoting a Model of Research-Based Education in Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Karnawati Dwikorita , Wilopo Wahyu , Inderawan Gde Budi , Sudarno Ignatius , Barianto Didit Hadi
Published: October 2019

This paper highlights the importance to provide appropriate education model with multidisciplinary approach for supporting the capacity development in disaster mitigation. This education model is implemented as a student community service program, in order to accommodate the needs for improving the students’ knowledge and skill, as well as for stimulating the development of ethical values with respect to humanity and sustainable development concerns. This education model has been conducting as a part of the formal curricula at Gadjah Mada University, and it is accordingly introduced and reviewed in this paper with the specific emphasize to discuss its objective, mechanism, benefits, and social impacts, as well as the respective challenges. Finally, this research-based education model is proposed as one model for the disaster mitigation education, which can be applied not only for Indonesian but may also for ASEAN education model.

Keywords: Education model, research-based, disaster mitigation
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION USING INNOVATIVE RETROFITTING METHOD
Authors: J. Tingatinga Eric Augustus , Kawakami Hideji
Published: October 2019

The Philippines, because of its geographic location, has been battling the onslaught of natural hazards. About 20 tropical cyclones visit the country every year, active volcanoes erupt within few decades, and earthquakes frequent the country causing damages to structures. Field studies have reported that the casualties and damages due to strong earthquakes have been attributed mainly to collapse of civil engineering structures. Therefore, in order to guarantee the safety of the general public in the event of future earthquakes, it is necessary to study the mechanisms of collapse of these built structures and to provide ways to identify their weak points for the benefit of retrofitting. To address the above issues, a new methodology was developed for the seismic performance assessment of structures. This methodology identifies local failures such as column buckling and connection fracture, which may induce the global system to collapse. In this study, a three-dimensional rigid body-spring method, which can describe the inelastic behavior of a structure and simulate the progressive collapse process, was employed. The sequence of the analysis and results in the form of computer animations offer a real-time assessment of the structural integrity of buildings during earthquakes.

Keywords: Collapse, damage, buildings, rigid body-spring method, simulation
ESTIMATION OF SEISMICALLY-INDUCED POTENTIAL TSUNAMI PENETRATION ONTO COASTAL TERRAINS
Authors: C. Cruz Eric
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a methodology of estimating the inland incursion of tsunamis generated offshore by earthquakes by adapting prognostic equations of wind wave run-up to the earthquakes’ long-period characteristics. Tsunami height is estimated from site-specific historical events. The methodology takes account the nearshore depths, backshore topography, tidal range, and tsunami approach direction. Two project applications are discussed; one involving site development planning for a coastal resort whereas the other involving tsunami evacuation zone assessment for a prospective seaport site.

Keywords: Tsunami, run-up, earthquake, planning, site development
OBSERVATION AND SIMULATION OF TSUNAMIS INDUCED BY THE 2003 TOKACHI-OKI EARTHQUAKE (M 8.0)
Authors: Ohmachi Tatsuo , Inoue Shusaku , Imai Tetsuji
Published: October 2019

The 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake (MJ 8.0) occurred off the southeastern coast of Tokachi, Japan, and generated a large tsunami which arrived at Tokachi Harbor at 04:56 with a wave height of 4.3 m. Japan Marine Science and Technology Center (JAMSTEC) recovered records of water pressure and sea-bed acceleration at the bottom of the tsunami source region. These records are first introduced with some findings from Fourier analysis and band-pass filter analysis. Water pressure disturbance lasted for over 30 minutes and the duration was longer than those of accelerations. Predominant periods of the pressure looked like those excited by Rayleigh waves. Next, numerical simulation was conducted using the dynamic tsunami simulation technique able to represent generation and propagation of Rayleigh wave and tsunami, with a satisfactory result showing validity and usefulness of this technique.

Keywords: Earthquake, Rayleigh wave, tsunami, near-field
Antioxidant Activities of n-Hexane Soluble and Insoluble Fraction, Ethyl Acetate Soluble and Insoluble Fraction from Ethanol Extract of Sambung Nyawa Leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.)
Authors: Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih , Murwanti Retno , Hakim Lukman
Published: October 2019

There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison of vitamin C. The antioxidants activity was expressed as IC50 value. The IC50 value for vitamin C and ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves were 2.41 µg/ml and 200 µg/ml. On the other hand, the n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction had an IC50 value of 78 µg/ml and 34 µg/ml, while ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction had the potency as an antioxidant with an IC50 value of 419 µg/ml and 151 μg/ml, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the antioxidant potency of G. procumbens ethanol extract and their fraction were successively of n-hexane insoluble fraction > n-hexane soluble fraction > ethyl acetate insoluble fraction > ethanol extract > ethyl acetate soluble fraction.
The Inhibition Activity of Tannin on the Formation of Mono-Species and Polymicrobial Biofilm Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans
Authors: Hamzah Hasyrul , Hertiani Triana , Utami Tunjung Pratiwi Sylvia , Nuryastuti Titik
Published: October 2019

Biofilm acts as the mediator for infection nowadays. Approximately, more than 80% infection incidents are biofilm-formation related. Biofilm as bacteria's defense system is more difficult to eradicate by antibiotic; therefore, pathogen bacteria on their biofilm forms can make serious problems for human health. The invention of a new candidate for polymicrobial biofilm can be an essential challenge to be studied, in order to prevent infections related to biofilm. Tannin is a polyphenol compound with anti-bacterial and anti-fungal potential. This study aims to acknowledge the effectiveness of tannin in inhibition and degradation of C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and polymicrobial biofilm. The assay for biofilm inhibition and degradation were determined with microtiter broth method. The effectivity of tannin antibiofilm against polymicrobial biofilm were analyzed by calculating minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) values. The mechanism of action of tannin against polymicrobial biofilm was tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. Tannin 1% gave inhibition activity of mono-species biofilm formation S. aureus in the middle phase and maturation of 79.04±0.01, 61.48±0.03, E. coli 74.56±0.01, 67.91±0.02, P. aeruginosa 67.32±0.05, 35.13± 0.01, C. albicans 60.62±0.01, 47.16±0.01. The results also provide evidence that tannin activity can degrade and damage the matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) polymicrobial biofilms. Hence, tannins can be a potential candidate for new antibiofilm for polymicrobial biofilm.
REPRODUKSI NARASI TENTANG KEPAHLAWAN SOEHARTO: STUDI REPRESENTASI DI MUSEUM H.M. SOEHARTO
Authors: Kirana Ayu Dipta
Published: October 2019

The museum have the vision to become a media with the message and knowledge to share with a visitor. The vision of museum could be knowledge of museums representing national identity, culture, history, or biography of a public figures. The representation from one of a famous figure in Indonesia could we see in museum called Museum H.M. Soeharto. These articles aim to discover how the museum will work on Sang Bapak’s representation in the museum’s narration which are shown not only by a very lengthy text display but also on the attribute or object that scattered around in the museum’s yard. A whole object collection in museum will work based from the vision and aim of the museum. In the museum context, it called musealisation. It means that all the object collections are separated from their social context in real life then it enters the context of the museum so it will work based from the story or vision that made by what curator want and re-create the hero’s narration of Soeharto.
Aproximación al control externo y su relación con la rendición de cuentas
Authors: Méndez Arellano Olga Susana
Published: October 2019

En el artículo se hace referencia a los sistemas de control de los Estados democráticos, que se basan en el principio de la división de poderes y en la existencia de controles recíprocos. El Poder Legislativo, específicamente la Cámara de Diputados, cuenta con facultades constitucionales para ejercer un control externo sobre cualquier entidad, persona física o moral, pública o privada, que haya captado, recaudado, administrado, manejado o ejercido recursos públicos federales, lo cual resulta fundamental para evaluar la gestión gubernamental. El control que ejerce el Poder Legislativo sobre el Ejecutivo, a través de la fiscalización del gasto público tiene íntima relación con la rendición de cuentas y son elementos fundamentales de las democracias.
Derecho humano al gentilicio. Caso: Ciudad de México
Authors: Simental Franco Víctor Amaury
Published: October 2019

Se propone un nuevo integrante al conjunto de los derechos humanos: “el derecho humano al gentilicio”; se justifica la inclusión de este derecho en el conjunto antes indicado con base en la esencia axiológica de los derechos humanos: la dignidad. Por ello, se realiza un estudio casuístico que sustenta la necesidad de reconocer el gentilicio (como derecho humano) a las personas originarias de la Ciudad de México.
El control de convencionalidad y el diálogo judicial frente al medio ambiente como sujeto de protección y reparación
Authors: Castillo Galvis Sergio Hernando , D’Janon Donado Magda Ligia , Ramírez Nárdiz Alfredo
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo tiene por objeto el control de convencionalidad y su ejercicio por los jueces administrativos, pretendiendo en este caso efectuar un análisis del control de convencionalidad y la doctrina conocida como diálogo interjurisdiccional que propenda por una concepción de mayor garantía del medio ambiente como sujeto de protección y reparación. Para ello, se utilizó un marco metodológico de carácter cualitativo con la técnica de análisis de discurso —de carácter jurisprudencial— sobre múltiples providencias de altas cortes colombianas y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, así como de reconocidos doctrinarios, que permitan fortalecer la propuesta, concluyendo que este diálogo sea activo con una modificación de la dirección en que se efectúe y que podrían ser las altas cortes nacionales las que fijen precedentes que la Corte Interamericana pueda tomar como criterio hermenéutico relevante que tengan por fin la conformación de un ius commune interamericano en favor del medio ambiente como sujeto autónomo de protección y reparación.
The Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms For Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Amallynda Ikhlasul
Published: October 2019

In this paper, two types of discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithms are presented to solve the Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (PFSP). We used criteria to minimize total earliness and total tardiness. The main contribution of this study is a new position update method is developed based on the discrete domain because PFSP is represented as discrete job permutations. In addition, this article also comes with a simple case study to ensure that both proposed algorithm can solve the problem well in the short computational time. The result of Hybrid Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (HDPSO) has a better performance than the Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO). The HDPSO produced the optimal solution. However, it has a slightly longer computation time. Besides the population size and maximum iteration have any impact on the quality of solutions produced by HDPSO and MPSO algorithms
Formation of organic deposits on low-preassure reverse osmotic membranes in treating water from surface sources
Authors: Yu Dan Su  , Pervov Alexei G. , Xuan Quyet Nguyen
Published: October 2019

Introduction. In this paper, we investigate the interaction of organic pollutants with nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes in natural water on the basis of experimental data and available literature information. The rates of formation of various organic deposits (humic acids changing the water colour and forming low-molecular organic compounds characterised by an oxidation index) on membranes during purifying river and pre-treated water are presented.

Aim: To determine the required efficiency of removing organic substances from surface waters at the pre-treatment stage prior to water treatment by reverse osmosis on the basis of measuring the rates of adsorption of organic substances on membranes and predicting the amount of as-formed organic deposits.

Methods and materials. Methods for determining the adsorption rate of organic pollutants using gas-liquid chromatography and total carbon determination are described. The advantages of spectrogram analysis in assessing water quality are specified. The formation rates of high- and low-molecular organic substances, which produce colouring and characterise water oxidisability, respectively, were determined using a membrane test unit.

Results. According to the rates of forming organic deposits on membranes both during the processing of river water with a colour of 60 PCU and purified (tap) water with a colour of 18 PCU, organic substances adsorbed on membranes are shown to have little effect on the efficiency of the reverse osmosis process. In addition, the rate of depositing organic substances on the membranes under study is established to be significantly lower than that using sparingly soluble salts (calcium carbonate).

Conclusion. Our results demonstrate that organic deposits formed on the membranes under study have an insignificant effect on the membrane performance. Therefore, pre-treatment aimed at removing organic substances when purifying natural waters with colour indices of up to 60 PCU is not required.
Política fiscal minera en un contexto de ganancias extraordinarias: el caso del Perú 2000-2016
Authors: Torres Cuzcano Víctor
Published: October 2019

El artículo tiene como principal objetivo analizar la precisión de los instrumentos fiscales implementados en la política fiscal minera del Perú durante el singular incremento del precio de los metales del período 2003-2012. Para tal efecto, se evalúa la política fiscal minera de los gobiernos que se sucedieron durante dichadécada de bonanza. Se concluye que los instrumentos de política fiscal que se aplicaron no fueron los más eficaces para asegurar una óptima apropiación de la renta minera por parte del Estado. Ello conduce a proponer dos instrumentos alternativos: las regalías ad valorem y el impuesto sobre las rentas de recursos naturales.
Does online rating affect firms’ performance in hotel industry? Case study from hotel groups in China
Authors: Rahman Md. Jahidur , Yufei Xu
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether online rating affects the firm performance of hotel companies in China. For the purpose of this research, the data consists of online customer rating data and financial data from 2013 to 2017. This study is a case study and five representative hotel groups were selected to do the research. The regression models were built up to test the relationships. Using various common financial ratios to measure firm performance and a large online rating sample from the five hotel groups in China, the research finds that online rating is not related to the financial performance of the hotel industry in China. These results support part of findings from previous literature and add so
Tax-Advantaged Trust Use Among IPO Executives: Determinants and Implications for Valuation and Future Performance
Authors: Dambra Michael J. , Gustafson Matthew , Quinn Phillip J.
Published: October 2019

We examine the prevalence and determinants of CEOs' use of tax-advantaged trusts prior to their firm's IPO. Twenty-three percent of CEOs use tax-advantaged pre-IPO trusts, and share transfers into tax-advantaged trusts are positively associated with CEO equity wealth, estate taxes, and dynastic preferences. We project that pre-IPO trust use increases CEOs' dynastic wealth by approximately $830,000, on average. We next examine a simple model's prediction that trust use will be positively related to IPO-period stock price appreciation. We find that trust use is associated with 12 percent higher one-year post-IPO returns, but is not significantly related to the IPO's valuation, filing price revision, or underpricing. This evidence is consistent with CEOs' personal finance decisions prior to the IPO containing value-relevant information that is not immediately incorporated into market prices.

JEL Classifications: D14; G12; G32; M21; M41.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Characteristics of Managerial Tone Priced by Auditors: Evidence Based on Annual Letters to Shareholders of Large U.S. Firms
Authors: Greiner Adam , Patelli Lorenzo , Pedrini Matteo
Published: October 2019

We examine the relationship between audit pricing and managerial tone as a proxy of source credibility. Prior research shows that source credibility influences auditors' perceptions of client risk. Textually analyzing annual letters to shareholders, we find that characteristics of managerial tone that reflect impaired source credibility are associated with higher audit fees. Additional tests, including a change analysis and controls for other managerial characteristics, future client performance, and aggressive accounting choices, corroborate and build on our inferences that managerial tone proxies for source credibility. Our study extends literature that uses corporate disclosures to measure managerial characteristics by showing that auditors price source credibility reflected in managerial tone. These findings are important because they empirically confirm that source credibility affects auditors' assessments of engagement risk and that analysis of tone can inform researchers, auditors, and investors who seek to enhance effectiveness and objectivity in assessing source credibility based on managerial tone.

JEL Classifications: G21; G34; M41.

Data Availability: The data in this study are available from public sources indicated in the paper.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Jembul dengan Teknologi Tepat Guna Pengolahan Chips porang dalam meningkatkan Daya Saing
Authors: Puspitorini Pipit Sari
Published: October 2019

Chips porang merupakan olahan dari umbi porang yang berpeluang besar baik pada pangsa pasar dalam maupun luar negeri. Saat ini umbi porang merupakan komoditas ekspor tertinggi ke-3 di Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan Negara tujuan, Jepang, Cina, Taiwan, Inggris, Korea, Belanda, maupun negara Eropa lainnya. Kegunaan chips porang sebagai bahan baku industri kosmetik, makanan, ataupun kebutuhan industri lainnya. Kebutuhan chips porang porang sekitar 3400 ton tetapi Indonesia masih memproduksi 600 kg-1000 ton. Mitra program ini adalah Pemerintah dan masyarakat Desa Jembul. Tujuannya adalah meningkatkan daya saing chips porang dengan kualitas tinggi serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan (i). pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan chips porang, (ii). penggunaan TTG mesin perajang untuk mengolah chips porang dengan memperhatikan kualitas (iii). menentukan harga pokok produksi (HPP) menggunakan aplikasi sederhana berbasis excel dan web. Hasilnya, dengan kapasitas bahan baku sebanyak 4000 kg, menghasilkan 720 kg chips porang, dengan HPP Rp. 48.000/kg. Jika produk berkualitas bagus, harga dari supplier lebih tinggi Rp. 54.000/kg - Rp. 80.000/kg sehingga laba yang didapatkan petani sebesar Rp. 4.320.000 (Rp. 6.000/kg), jika harga Rp. 80.000/kg maka laba yang didapatkan sebesar Rp. 23.040.000 (Rp. 32.000/kg). Jika hasil panen petani porang basah adalah 200-400 ton maka petani bisa menjual 36.000 kg -72.000 kg.
Iäkkäiden asukkaiden ravitsemustila Helsingin pitkäaikaisen ympärivuorokautisen hoidon yksiköissä vuosina 2003-2017 – kehittämistyön tuloksia
Authors: Soini Helena , Muurinen Seija , Savikko Niina , Puranen Taija , Suominen Merja , Saarela Riitta , Pitkälä Kaisu
Published: October 2019

Iäkkäiden asukkaiden ravitsemustila Helsingin pitkäaikaisen ympärivuorokautisen hoidon yksiköissä

Helsingissä vuosina 2003-2017 tehtyjen ravitsemustutkimusten tarkoituksena on ollut tutkia ympärivuorokautisessa hoidossa olevien vanhusten ravitsemustilaa. Tässä artikkelissa kuvataan ravitsemustilan ja -hoidon kehittymistä tehostetussa palveluasumisessa vuosina 2007, 2011 ja 2017 sekä laitoshoidossa (vanhainkodeissa) vuosina 2003, 2011 ja 2017 tehtyjen tutkimusten tulosten pohjalta. Helsingin ravitsemustutkimukset on toteutettu käyttäen samaa strukturoitua kyselylomaketta ja MNA-ravitsemusarviota (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Tässä artikkelissa esitetään tutkimuslomakkeiden muuttujia (ikä, sukupuoli, siviilisääty, koulutustaso, fyysinen ja kognitiivinen toimintakyky, sairaudet ja lääkitys) kuvaamaan asukasrakenteen eroja eri asumismuodoissa. Ravitsemukseen liittyvistä muuttujista esitetään välipalojen syömistä, täydennysravintovalmisteiden ja D-vitamiinivalmisteiden käyttöä sekä painon seurantaa ja painehaavoja. Tulosten mukaan asukkaiden toiminnanvajeet ja muistisairaiden osuus ovat merkittävästi lisääntyneet. Tästä huolimatta ravitsemustilan mukaan riski- tai virheravitsemustilassa olevien osuudessa ei ole tapahtunut lisäystä. Ravitsemushoitokäytännöt ovat parantuneet. Tässä artikkelissa raportoidaan keskeiset trenditiedot eri tutkimusvuosilta. Noin 15 vuotta kestänyt tutkimus- ja kehittämishanke on ollut hyödyllinen asukkaiden hyvinvoinnin kannalta. Hyvä ravitsemus on merkittävä tekijä ikääntyneiden hyvinvoinnissa.
Representações Sociais: Pressupostos e Implicações
Authors: Madeira Margot Campos
Published: October 2019

A representação social é abordada neste artigo como a particularização, num objeto, do processo mais amplo de apreensão e de apropriação do real pelo homem, enquanto sujeito-agente situado num tempo e num espaço. A categoria de totalidade, o princípio de contradição e a lei do movimento são os instrumentos básicos para a construção da proposta teórica. São levantadas algumas implicações relativas à aplicação desta abordagem a questões con-cretas da educação.

Abstract

In this article social representation is seen as the particularization in give item, of an ampler process of man's aprehension of reality as subject-agent in specific time and space. The basic tools for the structuring of the theoretical proposition are: the category ofwholeness, the principie of contradiction and the rules of movimcnt. This paper presents some consequences ofapplying such approach to some existing educational questions.

Résumé

La representation sociale est envisagée dans cet article comme une parti-cularisation, dans un objet, du procès le plus large dappréhension et d'ap-propriation du réel par Vhomme, tandis que sujet-agent place dans un temps et dans un space. La cathégorie de totalité, le príncipe de contradiction et là loi du mouvement sont les outils de base pour Ia construction de là proposition théorique. On presenté quelques implications de l'application de cette appro-che aux questions concrètes d'éducation.

Resumen

La representación social se aborda en este artículo como là particulari-zación, en un objeto, del proceso más amplio de aprehension y dela apropia-ción de Io real por el homhre, en cuanto sujeto-agente situado en un tiempo y un espacio. La categoria de totalidad, el principio de contradicción y là del movimiento son los instrumentos básicos para Ia construcción de là propuesta teórica. Se levantan algunas implicaciones relativas a là aplicación de este abordaje a Cuestiones concretas de educación.
Rio antirio bridge- an evaluation of the paragons involved in the decision making process
Authors: Karaoulanis M
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the author will try to evaluate all the paragons involved in the decision making process of one of the engineering wonders of the world, the Rio- Antirio cable bridge from the Greek state. The evaluation will be based on the decision making process presented by the Malmnas and Paulsson in their 2015 compendium at Stockholm University. The involved paragons that will be examined are the traffic, the geophysical concern, the economics of the project and the positive adjustments made by the Greek state in the formation of the contracts. The scope of this paper is to underline the complexity and the significance of the above mentioned project on a global range, as well as its importance not only to the local but to the whole European society.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF Thrips nigropilosus Uzel (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ON Mentha × piperita L. AND THE IMPACT OF PEST ON THE HOST PLANT
Authors: Kucharczyk Halina , Kucharczyk Marek , Winiarczyk Krystyna , Lubiarz Magdalena , Tchórzewska Dorota
Published: October 2019

Thrips nigropilosus Uzel is a polyphagous species occurring mainly in temperate climates. Its life cycle de- pends on photoperiodic and temperature conditions. T. nigropilosus feeds on different plant species, but it is considered one of the most serious pests of pyrethrum plants causing serious economic problems. However, several additional agricultural host plants have been affected by T. nigropilosus, including spearmint, cu- cumber, and lettuce, indicating that this insect can significantly widen its habitats and occurs especially frequently in greenhouses. We report that T. nigropilosus massively attacked Mentha × piperita L. cultivated in greenhouses in central Poland and destroyed the entire mint crops within a short time. The study provided insight into the harmful effect of the thrips and showed that the length of the thrips developmental cycle was reduced with temperature increases from 18 to 26.6°C. The lower threshold temperatures were 13.7, 10.2, 5.0, and 10.1 for eggs, larvae, pupae, and total development, respectively, and the thermal constant for the same developmental stages was 65.9, 90, 132.5, and 284.9-degree days. Both parameters were estimated by linear regression analysis. During our experiment, T. nigropilosus developed by thelytokous parthenogenesis. The morphological and anatomical changes in damaged plants were associated with the fact that the insect began feeding on the lower lamina surface close to the leaf midribs, but no damage to vascular bundles and glandular cells was observed.
THE USE OF NANO-SILVER FOR DISINFECTION OF Pennisetum alopecuroides PLANT MATERIAL FOR TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Parzymies Marzena , Pudelska Krystyna , Poniewozik Monika
Published: October 2019

Initiation of tissue culture of many plant species is a very difficult stage due to appearance of many contaminations. The other problem might be a choice of media for regeneration. Initiation of grass species tissue cultures are thought to be very difficult. Therefore, a research was undertaken to evaluate the use of nano-silver particles for plant material disinfection and to estimate a medium Pennisetum alopecuroides. The plant material were buds and nodal explants that were disinfected in 2% NaOCl for 30 min or 0.1% HgCl2 for 1 min. Half of the explants disinfected with NaOCl were soaked in 50, 100 or 250 mg·dm Ag–3 NPs for 1 hour. Explants not soaked in nano-silver were placed on media with Ag NPs at concentrations of 4, 8 or 16 mg·dm–3. An influence of growth regulators on Pennisetum alopecuroides was evaluated in vitro. Regenerated shoots were placed on MS media with: 3 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IBA, 3 mg·dm–3 KIN + 0.3 mg·dm–3 IAA, 1 mg·dm–3 BA + 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA. It was observed that the use of nano-silver particles lowered the level of contamination. The best results were obtained when Ag NPs was used at concentration of 100–250 mg·dm–3 alone or as a supplementation of the media, at concentration of 4 mg·dm–3 for nodes and 16 mg·dm–3 for adventitious buds. The use of nodal explants allowed to obtain less contamination. Regeneration depended on a media content. The most regenerated shoots were obtained on the MS media supplemented with 1 mg·dm–3 BA and 0.1 mg·dm–3 IBA.
EFFECT OF MELATONIN, GA3 AND NAA ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘CANINO’ APRICOT FRUITS
Authors: Mohamed Abd El-Naby Saied Kamel , Ahmed Mohamed Amr Abdelkhalek , Mohamed El-Naggar Yahia Ibrahim
Published: October 2019

A field experiment was carried out during 2017–2018 in the Horticulture Research Station farm in El Kanater El Khayreia, El Kalubeia Governorate, Egypt, to find out the response of foliar application of melatonin, GA3 and NAA on vegetative and fruit attributes of ‘Canino’ apricot. Different plant growth regulators influ- enced all variable parameters related to vegetative growth and fruit. Results revealed that between all growth regulators, the foliar application of melatonin following by GA3 there was the highest vegetative growth as compared to other treatments, while GA3 gave the highest yield following by melatonin as compared to other treatments. Treatment with NAA improved vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality to a lesser extent as compared to the control.
ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL INOCULATION AND SHADING ENHANCE CROP PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY OF GREENHOUSE Begonia semperflorens
Authors: Sabatino Leo , D’anna Fabio , Torta Livio , Ferrara Giorgio , Iapichino Giovanni
Published: October 2019

Mycorrhizal fungi are gaining interest in the floriculture sector due to the beneficial effects on a crop performance and ornamental quality. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Rhizophagus irregularis on ornamental quality of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum grown in two different protected cultivation systems: a shadehouse or glasshouse. The inoculated plants incurred a significant increase of plant height by 34.6%, lateral shoot length by 27.9%, number of lateral shoots by 41.2%, number of flowers per plant by 102.9%, flower diameter by 27.5%, and stems dry weight by 263.6%. High temperatures in the glasshouse negatively affected the AM root colonization. On the contrary, shading induced higher mycorrhizal colonization (48.6%) and increased plant height, number of lateral shoots, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter compared to the glasshouse environment. Taking all together, our results clearly demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation at transplanting and shading may be beneficial to floriculture growers wishing to produce high quality B. semperflorens-cultorum plants during the spring-summer season.
MICROPROPAGATION STUDIES AND ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF THE ENDANGERED PLANTS OF BULGARIAN YELLOW GENTIAN (Gentiana lutea L.)
Authors: Petrova Maria I. , Zayova Ely G. , Dimitrova Lyudmila I. , Geneva Maria P. , Miladinova-Georgieva Kamelia D.
Published: October 2019

In order to develop an efficient micropropagation system, it is essential to establish the appropriate concentration of growth regulators for seed germination, shoot formation and rooting. Nodal segments from in vitro obtained seedlings of Gentiana lutea L. were cultured in vitro in Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP, Thidiazuron and Zeatin (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg L−1). A maximum number of shoots with the highest height was recorded at 2.0 mg L−1 BAP. For further optimization of the process, we used nutrient media containing BAP and Zeatin with a combination of low concentration of Indoleacetic acid. MS medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 Zeatin and 0.2 mg L−1 IAA resulted in maximum numbers of shoots 94.3) with shoot height 2.5 cm. The multiple plants were successfully ex vitro acclimatized with 65% survival. The presence of growth regulators (2.0 mg L−1 Zeatin and 0.2 mg L−1 IAA) in the nutrient media resulted in an effective antioxidant activity in G. Lutea determined by the low molecular antioxidant metabolites such as phenols and flavonoids and activities of antioxidant enzymes – catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. The described protocol allows the establishment of numerous micropropaged plants of rare and endangered G. lutea.
Comparison of Discovery and Inquiry Model: Which Model is More Effective in Natural Science (IPA) Learning?
Authors: Wulandarı Dyah Galih Rizki , Mustadı Ali
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of discovery learning and enquiry learning model toward learning outcome in natural science (IPA) subject especially in chapter of plant and its part. This study was conducted on 162 students of 4th grade of elementary school in Kendali Sodo. This is an experimental study with nonequivalent posttest design. Meanwhile the sampling cluster sampling model which use 3 SD. Data analysis result using N-gain score show that mean of experiment class discovery (ecd) was 78,1057, experiment class inquiry (eci) was 76,6121 and control class was 41,7720. Meanwhile the T-test show that experiment class discovery has t value as 6,639 > from T table (1,679), and T-value enquiry class as t 6,506 > from T table (1678). Therefore it can be concluded that the discovery and inquiry models have a significant effect on student learning outcomes. The result also show that the discovery model was the model that had the most significant effect compared to the inquiry modelon student learning outcomes in the natural science lesson, especially plant material and its parts.
Sleep coaching: non-pharmacological treatment of non-restorative sleep in Austrian railway shift workers
Authors: Holzinger Brigitte , Mayer Lucille , Levec Katharina , Munzinger Melissa-Marie , Klösch Gerhard
Published: October 2019

Sleep coaching by Holzinger & Klösch™ is a new, Gestalt therapy-based holistic approach to non-pharmacological treatment of non-restorative sleep. It includes psychotherapeutic aspects which enable participants to improve their sleep quality by developing their own coping strategies as a daily routine. Dream work and relaxation techniques are also part of the programme. The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of a two-day sleep coaching seminar on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and work and life quality in shift workers employed in an Austrian railway company (Österreichische Bundesbahnen, ÖBB). Thirty shift workers (28 male; mean age=24±45.90, age range 24–56 years) answered the same survey before and six months after the seminar (baseline and follow-up) containing items of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), their chronotype, personality factors, and burnout risk factors. The baseline findings in this group were compared with those of non-completers (who did not take the follow-up survey) (N=154) to see if the two groups differed significantly enough to create a bias among completers (who took the follow-up survey as well). Groups differed significantly in burnout levels as well as sleep duration, but not in the distribution of critical PSQI and ESS values. The two-day sleep coaching seminar resulted in a significant improvement in total PSQI score and subjective sleep quality and in a significant reduction in diurnal fatigue, sleep latency, and daytime sleepiness. Nevertheless, more research with a larger sample and a longitudinal design is needed to establish the long-term effects of sleep coaching.
A cross sectional study of salt content in bakery bread in Zagreb, Croatia
Authors: Delaš Aždajić Marija , Delaš Ivančica , Aždajić Stjepan , Štimac Grbić Danijela , Vahčić Nada
Published: October 2019

Reducing salt content in bread is the essential part of a national strategy for salt reduction with the goal of long-term national general health improvement. In this study we have analysed salt content in three types of bread available in 25 small and five national industrial bakeries in Zagreb, Croatia. Samples of white wheat bread, dark wheat bread, and other types of bread were collected, and the salt content was determined with the Mohr method. Salt content varied widely between bakeries, with an average content of 2.30±0.22 g per 100 g of bread, which is almost twice the threshold content (1.4 %) defined by the Croatian National Regulation on Cereals and Cereal Products. Further efforts are necessary to teach bakers how to reduce salt content without affecting quality or flavour. These should go hand in hand with continuous monitoring of how the legal provisions are implemented.