bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Lack of Fear of Dying With New Organ Failure: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mazeraud Aurélien , Turc Guillaume , Sivanandamoorthy Sivanthiny , Porcher Raphaël , Stoclin Annabelle , Antona Marion , Polito Andrea , Righy Cassia , Bozza Fernando A. B. , Siami Shidasp , Sharshar Tarek
Published: January 2024

Background

Patients’ anxiety on intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with subsequent deterioration.

Objective

To assess whether patients’ fears/anxiety are predictive of new organ failure within 7 days of ICU admission.

Methods

In a prospective 3-center cohort study of non-comatose patients without delirium or invasive mechanical ventilation, 9 specific fears were evaluated through yes/no questions. Illness severity was assessed using the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA). Intensity of acute and chronic anxiety was assessed with the state and trait components of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Patients were followed up for 7 days.

Results

From April 2014 to December 2017, 373 patients (median [IQR] age, 63 [48-74] years; 152 [40.8%] women; median (IQR) SAPS II, 27 [19-37]) were included. Feelings of vulnerability and fear of dying were reported by 203 (54.4%) and 172 (46.1%) patients, respectively. The STAI-State score was 40 or greater in 192 patients (51.5%). Ninety-four patients (25.2%) had new organ failure. Feelings of vulnerability (odds ratio, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.12-3.43]; P=.02) and absence of fear of dying (odds ratio, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.37-4.17]; P=.002) were associated with new organ failure after adjustment for STAI-State score (≥40), SAPS II, and SOFA score.

Conclusion

Absence of fear of dying is associated with new organ failure within the first 7 days after ICU admission. Fear of dying may protect against subsequent deterioration by mobilizing patients’ homeostatic resources. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02355626
Addressing Pandemic Burnout Among Health Care Professionals: Beyond Intrapersonal Wellness Programming
Authors: Holliday Ryan , Ricke David J. , Ricklefs Claudia , Mealer Meredith
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has been distressing to health care professionals, causing significant burnout. Burnout has resulted in notable rates of mental health symptoms and job turnover. Hospitals have incorporated programming to meet the needs of health care professionals. A previously reported intervention at the study institution was a cognitive behavioral narrative writing program to target job-related stress. On the basis of participant feedback, psychoeducational seminars, psychotherapy drop-in sessions, and complementary interventions (mindfulness, yoga, and acupuncture) were also implemented to alleviate stress. This article is an update based on these year 2 augmentations. Participation in brief psychoeducational seminars and acupuncture was high, but engagement in other programming (individual psychotherapy and mindfulness) was poor. Hospitals should consider multimodal approaches to address pandemic-related stress and burnout. In addition to educational seminars, programs that address lasting distress should be offered to health care professionals. Targeting job-related burnout at organizational and systemic levels may ameliorate distress. This article discusses methods of integrating organizational programs into clinics.
Knowledge and Practices on Periconceptional use of Folic Acid for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects Among Women in Childbearing Age in Boralesgamuwa Medical Officer of Health Area, Sri Lanka
Authors: Ariyadasa M. A. S. R. , Nandana W. W. W. Y. , Bogahawaththa N. W. , Banda R. M. S. K. , Nethsara P. J. , Senevirathna D. M. N. D. , Jayathilake M. R. S.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Neural Tube Defects (NTD) remain a major public health burden globally. It is widely acknowledged that folic acid plays a vital role to reduce the risk of developing NTDs. The study aimed to determine knowledge, and practice regarding periconceptional use of folic acid for the prevention of NTD among women in childbearing age at Boralesgamuwa Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area, Sri Lanka.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among randomly selected 422 women in childbearing age in the said MOH area. Data were collected through a pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire. The overall knowledge level was classified as adequate (>75%), moderately adequate (50-75%) and inadequate (<50%).Results: Out of 422 participants, the majority was Sinhalese (95.7%), married (66.8%) and unemployed (62.1%). Mean age was 32.02 ±8.625 years. Nearly 56 % had heard about NTDs and 95.5% had heard about folic acid. A majority (279, 66.1%) had ‘inadequate’ level of knowledge, 120 (28.4%) had ‘moderately adequate’ knowledge and only 5.5% (n=23) had ‘adequate’ knowledge. Approximately 60% had taken folic acid and out of them only 42.4% had started folic acid before pregnancy. Age (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), parity (p<0.001), educational qualification of participants (p<0.001), monthly household income (p=0.004) and where health services sought from (p <0.001) were associated with the level of knowledge.Conclusions: Majority of participants had inadequate knowledge regarding periconceptional use of folic acid for the prevention of NTDs. However, out of those who have used FA, majority had started to take it before pregnancy. The study findings warrant more educational programmes on the topic bridging the gap of knowledge among women in childbearing age in the study setting.
Specialized Education Programme on Neurodegenerative Diseases Care of Older Adults in Sri Lanka: The Necessity and Possibility
Authors: Rathnayake N. , Sundarapperuma S. M. T. D. , Nirmani K. G. P. , Wickramarachchi B. I. , De Silva K. K. P. M. K. , Herath H. M. P. , Dasanayake H. D. W. T. , Warnakulasuriya S. S. P. , Persson M.
Published: January 2024

As Sri Lanka undergoes a demographic shift with an increasing aging population, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) among older adults is on the rise. Addressing the unique challenges posed by such conditions including Alzheimer Disease (AD), Dementia and Parkinson Disease (PD) requires a collaborative effort to enhance the knowledge and skills of caregivers and healthcare professionals. In this letter to the editor, we justify the necessity and explain the possibility of establishing and implementing a specialized advanced education programme to create trained cadre for NDD care for older adults in Sri Lanka. We believe that establishing such a programme is a promising initiative that could help to address the burden of NDD among older adults in Sri Lanka while it enhances the quality of healthcare provisions in Sri Lanka.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of maternal and child health services among hard-to-reach communities in Adamawa state, Nigeria
Authors: Hamman Mohammed B. , Tukur Adamu M. , Ramma Amitabye L.
Published: January 2024

Background: Recent global reports highlighted the significance of improving the quality of healthcare delivery in all settings, including rural and Hard-to-reach communities, as a central strategy for attaining sustainable development goals. Objectives: This study aimed at assessing and document relevant data associated with delivering qualitative Maternal and Child health (MCH) services in the hard-to-reach (HTR) communities using carefully selected indicators. Methods: The study used a mixed-design approach of quantitative and qualitative methods. Results: This study report high performance on the first antenatal visit (ANC 1), use of modern contraceptives (CPR), Penta 3, measles vaccination coverage, and, Low dropout rate also noticed in Penta 3, thus signifying a generally good performance in all the local government areas (LGAs). Furthermore, Yola South, Fufore, Toungo, Ganye and Michika LGA were found to be the best performing LGAs on the selected maternal and Child indicators, namely: (ANC1), ANC4, ANC8, Institutional delivery rate, and Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR), while Gombi, Guyuk and Madagali LGAs were the poorest performing LGAs. The poor performance of these LGAswere associated with human and environmental interferences: ongoing insecurity, high HTR communities due to mountains and riverine, high illiteracy, inadequate outreach services, poverty, lack of adequate emergency transport system, inadequate human resource for health (HRH), inadequate and poor infrastructure, many communities lacking primary healthcare center. Conclusion: The assessment highlights the coverage of LGAs with low utilization of MCH services in HTR communities of Adamawa State, the reasons for the low coverage, and the possible strategies for increased utilization of these services. These findings suggest an urgent need for designing efficient outreaches for the delivery of maternal newborn and child’s intervention in HTR communities.
HAPLOIDENTICAL TRANSPLANT WITH POST-TRANSPLANT CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE FOR ACUTE MYELOID LEUKAEMIA AND MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES PATIENTS: THE ROLE OF PREVIOUS LINES OF THERAPY.
Authors: Avenoso Daniele , Serpenti Fabio , Barnea Slonim Liron , Bouziana Styliani , Dazzi Francesco , Hannah Guy , Kenyon Michelle , Mehra Varun , Kulasekararaj Austin , Krishnamurthy Pramila , Naresh Shah Mili , Lionel Sharon , Pagliuca Antonio , Potter Victoria
Published: January 2024

Background: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplant is a potentially curative option for high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide administration allows for selection of haploidentical donors in patients who are eligible for the procedure, but do not have a fully matched donor, since it can overcome the HLA barrier. There is still an active debate on whether intensification of the conditioning regimen is necessary with haploidentical donors when peripheral blood stem cells are used as the source of the graft.  

Herein we report our decennial experience of haploidentical stem-cell transplant using peripheral blood stem cells at King’s College Hospital.

Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate overall survival (OS) for patients with less than two previous lines of therapy. Secondary objectives were total OS, OS according to cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, incidence of transplant-related mortality (TRM), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and GVHD-relapse-free survival (GRFS).

Results: One-year and three-year total OS were 62% and 43%, respectively, with a median OS of 22 months. One-year and three-year OS for patients with ≤2 and in patients with >2 previous lines of therapy were 72% and 55%, and 60% and 22%, respectively (p-value=0.04). The median OS in patients with >2 previous lines of therapy and ≤2 lines of therapy was 16 and 49 months, respectively. Cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse was 25% with a median time to relapse of 5 months (range 1 – 38 months).

Conclusions: Haploidentical haematopoietic stem-cell transplant is potentially curative in chemo-sensitive AML and MDS and offers a high rate of prolonged remission. Our cohort further confirms the role of consolidative haploidentical transplant in patients in complete remission and highlights that patients with heavily pre-treated disease may not benefit from this strategy.
SAFETY OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE IN HEMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS WITH THROMBOCYTOPENIA – A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: GUR Ivan , Tounek Roei , Dotan Yaniv , Vainer Evgrafov Elite , Rakedzon Stav , Fuchs Eyal
Published: January 2024

Background

Hospitalized hematological patients often require bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Paucity of evidence exists as to the potential risks in patients with very-severe thrombocytopenia (VST).

Methods

This retrospective-cohort study included adult hematological in-patients with VST, defined as platelets<20x103/μL, undergoing BAL during 2012-2021. Mechanically-ventilated patients or those with known active bleeding were excluded. Primary outcomes included major bleeding halting the BAL or deemed significant by the treating physician, need for any respiratory support other than low flow O2 or death within 24 hours. Any other bleeding were recorded as secondary outcomes.   

Results

Of the 507 patients included in the final analysis, the 281 patients with VST had lower hemoglobin (Md=0.3, p=0.003), longer prothrombin-time (Md=0.7s, p=0.025), higher chances of preprocedural platelet transfusion (RR 3.68, 95%CI[2.86,4.73]), and only one primary-outcome event (death of septic shock 21h postprocedurally) - compared with 3 (1.3%) events (two bleedings halting procedure and one need for non-invasive-ventilation) in patients with platelets ≥20x103/μL (p=0.219). Risk of minor, spontaneously resolved bleeding was higher (RR=3.217, 95%CI[0.919,11.262]) in patients with VST (4.3% vs 1.3%, p=0.051). No association was found between any of the complications recorded and preprocedural platelets, age, aPTT, PT, hematological status, or platelet transfusion. 

Conclusions

This data suggests BAL to be safe even when platelet counts are <20x103/μL.
Primordial Drivers of Diabetes Heart Disease: Comprehensive Insights into Insulin Resistance
Authors: Fan Yajie , Yan Zhipeng , Li Tingting , Li Aolin , Fan Xinbiao , Qi Zhongwen , Zhang Junping
Published: January 2024

Insulin resistance has been regarded as a hallmark of diabetes heart disease (DHD). Numerous studies have shown that insulin resistance can affect blood circulation and myocardium, which indirectly cause cardiac hypertrophy and ventricular remodeling, participating in the pathogenesis of DHD. Meanwhile, hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia associated with insulin resistance can directly impair the metabolism and function of the heart. Targeting insulin resistance is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of DHD. Currently, the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenic development of DHD is still under active research, as the pathological roles involved are complex and not yet fully understood, and the related therapeutic approaches are not well developed. In this review, we describe insulin resistance and add recent advances in the major pathological and physiological changes and underlying mechanisms by which insulin resistance leads to myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in the diabetic heart, including exosomal dysfunction, ferroptosis, and epigenetic factors. In addition, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches to improve insulin resistance and accelerate the development of cardiovascular protection drugs.
Current Evidence Regarding Adjuvant Treatment Option in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Fragkoulis Charalampos , Stamatakos Panagiotis Velissarios , Dellis Athanasios
Published: January 2024

Surgical treatment consists of the gold standard approach in patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, a great proportion of such patients will relapse postoperatively and metastatic disease will develop. In the present study, we present a review of the literature about available data regarding adjuvant treatment options in patients with RCC treated surgically.
Evaluation of Initial 24-core Transrectal Prostate Biopsy on the Detection of Significant Prostate Cancer and High-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Karyotis Ioannis , Dimitrios Danielyants , Ioannis Kravvaritis , Michael Nomikos , Vasileios Tzortzis , Dimitrios Delakas
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) protocols. Men were stratified according to biopsy protocol and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Exclusion criteria were age = 75 years and PSA >20 ng/mL. The Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Between November 2018 and August 2020, 169 men underwent TRUS prostate biopsies. Group A (10-cores) consisted of 105 (62.13%) men and Group B (24-cores) included 64 (37.86%) men. The overall prostate cancer detection rate was 41.05% and 36.72% in Groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.48). An overall 9.8% increase in Gleason 7 detection rate was found in Group B (P = 0.24). The high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) detection rate in men with negative initial biopsies was 15.54% and 35.55% in Groups A and B, respectively (P < 0.001). In patients with PSA <10 ng/mL, the 24-core technique increased Gleason 7 detection rate by 13.4% (P = 0.16) and HGPIN by 23.4% (P = 0.0008), compared to the 10-core technique. The 24-core technique increased the concordance between needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen compared to the 10-core technique (P < 0.002).

Conclusions:

The initial 24-core prostate biopsy protocol did not show any benefit in the detection of prostate cancer compared to the 10-core technique. However, it improved the HGPIN detection and the correlation between biopsy results and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in men with lower PSA levels.
Kinked Innominate Artery – A Rare Cause for Upper Limb Ischemia
Authors: Prathap K , Srinivasan Baskaran
Published: January 2024

Interventions of the aortic arch can lead to unexpected complication of atheroembolization from the plaques with many cases of CVA following TEVAR being reported in the literature. It is especially seen in old diabetic patients. Embolizations is a known entity in cases of loop Common carotid vessels. The abnormal curvature causes stasis of blood leading onto development of thrombus. Diseases related to Innominate artery are very rare. Kinking of Innominate artery is even rarer abnormality and very few cases only have been reported in the literature. The various clinical scenarios of kinked innominate artery reported are presence of pulsatile mass in the neck, In CXR the kinked artery masquerading as right upper lobe lung mass. Herein we report a case of Right upper limb little finger gangrene following coronary angiogram. On CT Angio evaluation it was found that there was thrombus in distal innominate and subclavian vessels with kinking of Innominate, Left Common carotid and Left Subclavian also. The passage of hardwares across the kinked innominate artery had caused the thrombus formation and subsequent embolization. This is the 1st case in literature to report the kinked innominate artery has caused a procedural complication. We report this case to inform that extreme caution should be undertaken during interventional procedures in cases of abnormal curvatures of great vessels to avoid complication.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema following Carotid Intervention: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Davulury Sri Satyavathi , Bhan Vinod , Vikrama K S Amitha
Published: January 2024

Extracranial carotid artery aneurysms are rare complication of atherosclerotic degeneration or traumatic neck injury and are managed with interventional and open surgical approaches with variable results. In cases with technical difficulties rarely managed with parent artery embolization. We present a case of a 50-year-old male with prior history of blunt neck injury during road traffic accident and presented with left-sided neck swelling 8 years after injury, diagnosed with internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, managed with parent artery embolization, 3 days later presented with hemiplegia and sudden respiratory distress, evaluated and diagnosed as massive cerebral infarct and acute pulmonary edema, managed with ventilator support and improved clinically within 48 hours, extubated. However patient developed sepsis during the hospital stay and succumbed to disease after 20 days. We present this case in view of rare presentation of neurogenic pulmonary edema following carotid intervention.
About an Observation of Glomuvenous Malformation of the Thumb
Authors: Souarji Ayyoub , Ar-Reyouchi Doha , Oufkir Ayat Allah
Published: January 2024

The glomuvenous malformation is a venous and cutaneous malformation that develops from a thermoregulatory unit called the glomus body. Our objective in this work is to clarify the latest terminologies of this pathology based on clinical, radiological, and histological criteria specific to this malformation; we report an exceptional case of a glomuvenous malformation in the thumb of a 41-year-old female patient, which undertook a surgical treatment with a simple postoperatory follow-up.
Rescue Bridging Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in a Case of Type III Endo-leak with Impending Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Jha Rakesh Kumar , Dutta Rohit , Kumar Sanjeev , Dwivedi Surjeet Kumar
Published: January 2024

A thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a localized dilatation of the thoracic aorta more than 1.5 times the normal diameter. In view of rupture risk, it requires either open or endovascular treatment. Open repair has higher complication rates, hence, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is considered the treatment of choice for TAAs. TEVAR is a relatively safer procedure but not free from complications. Endoleak is a known complication of TEVAR and can be life-threatening. Type III endoleak is caused by a defect in the graft either due to fabric tear or disconnection of modular overlap. It accounts for 2.1% of all endoleaks and can lead to sac rupture and death. Hence, monitoring of patients by computed tomography angio or contrast-enhanced ultrasound is advocated to diagnose it early. We hereby report a case of Type III endoleak with impending aneurysm rupture, managed successfully by bridging TEVAR.
Gum Drop Technique with Pericardial Membrane for Treating Gingival Recession - A Case Report
Authors: Rao Abirami N. P. , Rajaram Vijayalakshmi , Mahendra Jaideep , Dave Pavithra H. , Ambalavanan N , Mahendra Little
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Gingival recession was treated with gum drop technique (GDT) along with pericardial membrane, advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) and injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) in the defect sites for regeneration of soft tissue.

Patient Concerns:

Several 3-4 mm of recession sites in the maxillary right and left canine and premolar region. These sites were selected and divided into two groups: A and B based on the application with A-PRF and pericardium, respectively. Probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), recession width (RW) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) were assessed. The keratinized tissue width (KTW) was measured as the distance between the marginal gingiva and the mucogingival junction.

Treatment:

The defects were treated with the GDT following irrigation with i-PRF and followed up for 6 months. Both groups achieved significant root coverage which was stable even after 6 months post operatively. Keratinized tissue showed a 1 mm gain with pericardial membrane.
Facial Profile of Young Indian Women from Maharashtra-A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
Authors: Baghele Om N. , Math Anusha A.
Published: January 2024

Context:

The anthropometric facial clinical proportions are used in the field of orthodontics, maxillofacial and plastic surgery for aesthetic or abnormality corrections. There is lack of enough literature on the facial profiles of Indians.

Aim:

To assess correlations between facial parameters and stature of young Maharashtrian women by using anthropometry.

Settings and Design:

It is a cross-sectional observational pilot study at Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, after approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee.

Methods and Material:

The study included 15 students of 21–23 years age selected by simple randomisation. The facial parameters were measured by sliding vernier calipers after identifying facial landmarks by stickers. Facial height (FH) in thirds; upper FH (UFH), middle FH (MFH) and lower FH (LFH); facial width (FW) and stature or overall height (OH) were calculated to define average facial features.

Statistical Analysis:

Multiple pairwise statistics and simple linear regression analyses were done for various dependent variables.

Results:

The means of UFH, MFH, LFH and total facial heights (TFH) were found to be 5.2 ± 0.54, 5.35 ± 0.34, 5.16 ± 0.44 and 15.7 ± 0.98 cm, respectively. The TFH showed a moderate correlation with stature (P ≤ 0.05, r = 0.64) and a strong correlation with lower lip length (P = 0.001, r = 0.78). Facial width showed a negative correlation with facial shape (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusions:

The selected sample showed the statistically insignificant difference between UFH, MFH and LFH indicating equitable distribution among Indian women of Maharashtrian origin of 21–23 year age group. Longer TFH is positively correlated with higher stature and longer lower lip length.
Effect of 940 nm Diode Laser Irradiation and Dentin Bonding Agent on Permeability of Furcation Area in Primary Molars
Authors: Atif Mohammad , Tewari Nitesh , Mathur Vijay P. , Bansal Kalpana , Rahul Morankar
Published: January 2024

Purpose:

Multiple accessory canals make furcation area of primary molars the most common port of entry of bacterial endotoxins to periradicular area. Reduction in permeability can improve prognosis of these teeth. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the effect of 940 nm diode laser and dentin bonding agent on the dye penetration of furcation area in primary molars.

Material and Methods:

Thirty teeth were divided into three groups, that is, Group 1 (control group), Group 2 (dentin bonding agent applied over floor of pulp chamber), and Group 3 (diode laser irradiated over floor of pulp chamber). The samples were prepared and seven from each group were tested by dye penetration and three were sent for scanning electron microscopy. Rise in temperature in the perifurcal area was also recorded at the time of laser irradiation. Dunn’s pair-wise comparison analysis was used for the analysis for the difference in dye penetration among the group.

Results:

The maximum rise in temperature recorded postirradiation was 6.90C. Dye penetration was significantly reduced in Group 2 Dentin bonding group (DBG) as compared to control group (P = 0.0025). Reduction in permeability was observed in Group 3 Laser group (LG) but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.197). Scanning electron microscope revealed open dentinal tubules in Group 1. There were no open dentinal tubules in Group 2, while Group 3 had sealed dentinal tubules with glass-like surface over the region.

Conclusion:

Dentin bonding agent led to substantial decrease in dye penetration of furcation area of primary molars. This method should be evaluated clinically to improve successful pulpectomy procedures of primary molars.
A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Various Disinfectants for Extracted Human Teeth - A Comparative Study
Authors: Srivastava Himanshu , Qureshi Sameera Mohd Rehman , Singh Chintu Kumar , Mastud Santoshkumar Pandurang , Handa Amit , Shukla Manish Kumar
Published: January 2024

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various disinfectants for extracting human teeth. The objectives were to assess the effectiveness of 5% vinegar, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 70% alcohol, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for disinfection of extracted human teeth.

Methods:

The teeth were divided into one of the following four groups consisting of 10 teeth in each group. All teeth were immersed in separate bottles containing 10 ml of the disinfectant for 7 days at 25°C. No visible growth in the broth was considered effective disinfection. The Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) Number is SVIEC/ON/DENT/SRP/15186, and the IEC Clearance number is SVIEC/ON/DENT/SRP/15040.

Results:

Vinegar was most effective for bacterial disinfection, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was most effective for fungal disinfection. The result was statistically significant with Chi-square values of 0.015 and 0.057, respectively, and P < 0.001.

Conclusions:

Extracted teeth should be handled with extreme care as these are a potential source of infection. The present study documented the role of various disinfectants. Vinegar can be used as an effective disinfectant medium for extracting human teeth. Sterilisation and autoclaving are superior options while vinegar is cheap, readily available, and relatively non-toxic. All these qualities plus the fact that it has given encouraging results as an antibacterial disinfectant should necessitate its usage on a more regular basis than it is used at present.
The Impact of Passive Smoking on Salivary Glutathione Peroxidase and Selenium in Relation to Dental Caries Severity among Five Years Old Children
Authors: Munther Shahba’a , Awn Baydaa Hussain , Yassin Hiba N.
Published: January 2024

Background:

It had been found that passive smoking may have the same harmful effect as tobacco cigarettes smoking. Aims: This study was conducted to determine the effect of passive smoking on salivary glutathione peroxidase and selenium in relation to dental caries severity.

Settings and Design:

The sample consisted of 120 children aged 5 years old, classified into four groups according to the number of cigarettes smoked by their fathers daily: Passive smoking children of 5-10 cigarettes, those of 10–15 cigarettes daily, those of 15–20 cigarettes daily and non-passive smoking children of no smokers indoor (the control group). The sample was further classified according to dental caries severity into three groups: mild (DMFS values <4), moderate (DMFS values from 4 to 8) and severe (DMFS values >8).

Methods and Material:

Stimulated saliva was collected, and salivary glutathione peroxidase and selenium were chemically analysed.

Results and Conclusions:

Glutathione peroxidase and selenium were higher among non-passive smoking children than passive smoking children and they were higher among children with mild caries severity than in children with moderate or severe caries severity (p < 0.01). Passive smoking had significant effect in both salivary glutathione peroxidase and selenium (p < 0.01), while dental caries had non-significant effect on them (p > 0.05). In conclusion, passive smoking had deleterious effect in salivary glutathione peroxidase and selenium, while dental caries did not have effect on these two variables. There is no interaction between both passive smoking and dental caries in neither glutathione peroxidase nor selenium, so the effect of passive smoking on these two variables can exceed the effect of dental caries on them.
Pedia Tricks - Out-of-the-Box Thinking in Paediatric Dentistry
Authors: Sharma Varsha , Dutta Brahmananda , Bagchi Anandamoy , Shroff Yashshwini
Published: January 2024

Noncooperative behaviour faced by a paediatric dentist is the most common attribution towards behavioural manifestations of anxiety in children, and it had been observed that these relationships are long—deterministic and form part of the aforementioned belief system of the child. Forehead and Long in their study found that most uncooperative behaviour of the child is due to their strong will and these children are generally confident, persistent and independent. A fruitful method to deal with strong willed children is to violate the causal relationship by some magic tricks from preventive via curative to his/her follow ups visits. Tricks can be applied at three levels of their visit. Level 1 is preoperative tricks, which includes the preventive measures that teach and educate children for good oral health. Level 2 is operative tricks, which involves child preparedness for successful dental procedures. Level 3 is postoperative tricks, which involve positive reinforcement for regular follow ups. The purpose of this review is to make paediatric dentists think like magicians by using the science behind the magic and applying it in their practice for creating a positive attitude of a child toward dentistry and better procedural experience.
Effect of Different Impression Techniques on Marginal Fit of Restoration – An In Vitro Study
Authors: Raghav Priyanka S. , Abirami S , Gupta Abhinav , Yusufi Faiz Noor Khan , Afroz Shaista
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Impression making is one such important clinical step, which is critical in the accurate fitting of resulting prostheses. Impression making itself depends on the type of material and the impression technique used to record the details. Various combinations of material and the technique have been described in the literature.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of three different impression techniques on the marginal fit of computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) single unit composite fixed dental prostheses (FDP), different consistencies of addition silicone impression material and different tray design were utilized.

Method:

Impression of prepared tooth on typodont was made using Matrix impression system, two-step putty wash technique, and individual tooth tray technique. Prosthesis was fabricated using CAD/CAM technology and marginal accuracy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Result:

In the present study, the matrix impression system resulted in less microgap in both mid-buccal and mid-mesial region, whereas putty wash technique showed very high standard deviation in the interproximal region.

Conclusion:

Matrix impression system had the best results at both mid-buccal and mid-mesial position with least marginal discrepancy.

Clinical Implication:

The findings of this study could be used by clinicians to help them choose the viscosity of polyvinylsiloxane material and impression techniques for FDP that will result in high-accuracy impressions and well-fitting prostheses.
Preventive Health Evaluation in Underserved Occupational Environment
Authors: Iloh Gabriel Uche , Ikwudinma Augustine O. , Emeka Ekene A. , Obi Ikechukwu V.
Published: January 2024

Background:

The health of medical doctors (MDs) has been the focus of global concern in addition to the recently modified physician oath now called “The Modern Physician Pledge.” As a member of human family, MDs are also prone to diseases they manage in healthcare environment.

Objectives:

The study was aimed at describing the practice, facilitators, barriers, and benefits of preventive health evaluation (PHE) in a cross-section of medical practitioners in Nigeria.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study done on 178 MDs in Nigeria. Data collection was done using pretested, self-administered questionnaire that elicited information on practice, facilitators, barriers, and benefits of PHE. Self-rated health status was also studied. Practice of PHE was inquired in previous one year.

Results:

The age of the respondents ranged from 25 to 72 (36 ± 10.2) years. There were 161 (90.5%) males. All the respondents were aware of PHE. One hundred and fifty-five (87.1%) respondents rated their overall health then as excellent; 142 (79.8%) rated their overall health compared to 6 months ago as excellent, while 169 (94.9%) rated their overall health compared to others of their age as excellent. Generally, in all ages and both sexes, the most common PHE was blood pressure (BP) measurements (100%). The commonest female sex-specific PHE was self-breast examinations (100%). Among the males, the most common male-specific PHE was testicular self-examinations (87.0%). The commonest facilitator and barrier were family history of hereditary diseases (100%) and financial restraints (82.0%), respectively. The most common benefit was early detection of diseases (100%).

Conclusion:

Awareness of PHE was 100% but didn't translate to comparative practice orientation. The most common general PHE was BP checks. The commonest female and male sex-specific PHE was self-breast and testicular examinations respectively. The predominant facilitator and barrier were family history of hereditary diseases and financial restraints. The most common benefit was early detection of diseases.
Study of the Basic Labor Activity of a General Practitioner Using the Time-Keeping Method on the Example of Polyclinics of the City of Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Authors: Mergentay Aigul , Kulov Dusentay B. , Koikov Vitaliy V. , Omarkulov Baurjan K. , Sergaliev Talgat S. , Imanbayeva Gulnazira , Stabayeva Leila
Published: January 2024

Objective:

To study and analyze the working time distribution of general practitioners at the outpatient appointment in polyclinics of Karaganda, Kazakhstan.

Materials and Methods:

The time spent by the general practitioner on all activities was studied by the timing method.

Results:

a) general practitioners spend a great part of working time for the documentation and organizational measures; therefore, they spend less time for patients; b) it is necessary to maximally unload the doctor from working with documentation.

Conclusion:

In clinics, it is necessary to properly organize the work of GPs in order to allocate sufficient time to interact with the patients.
The Effect of High Temperature on Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests in Steel Plant Furnace Worker
Authors: Rathod Sachin B. , Sorte Smita R. , Patel Sandeep
Published: January 2024

Background:

The high temperature in the working environment could be one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in steel plant workers. The excessive high temperature at the working place leads to altered autonomic activity and is related to more cardiovascular risk.

Aims and Objectives:

The effect of high temperature on cardiovascular autonomic function tests in steel plant furnace worker.

Material and Method:

This was a case-control study for which 50 steel plant furnace workers and 50 controls were selected. The cardiovascular sympathetic function status in worker and control were analyzed by three tests: (i) Blood pressure (BP) response to sustained isometric handgrip test, (ii) BP response to the cold pressor test, and (iii) BP response to standing from a supine position (orthostasis). Statistical analysis was done by using an independent t-test.

Results:

Diastolic BP (DBP) response to sustained isometric handgrip and systolic BP (SBP) and DBP response to the cold pressor test showed that the increase BP in workers were more than controls but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). SBP response to standing from the supine position showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) greater fall in steel plant workers.

Conclusion:

The sympathetic autonomic dysfunction was seen in steel furnace workers in response to environmental stressor–excessive heat.
Level and Relationships of Life Satisfaction with Cognitive Flexibility and Resilience in IT Professionals
Authors: Ram Dushad , Mushtaq Neha Farheen , Honnugudi Bramaramba D , Alammar Muath A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Information Technology (IT) professionals commonly encounter occupation-related issues that adversely affect psychological health and well-being.

Aim and Objective:

To study the level and relationships of life satisfaction with cognitive flexibility and resilience in IT professionals.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, 457 IT professionals were assessed with Sociodemographic proforma, Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS), Cognitive Resilience Scale (CRS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS).

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, ANOVA, and linear regression analysis.

Results:

The mean score on CRS was high (4.5), whereas on CFS was low (49.36). The mean score on SWLS was also low (17.36) particularly with widowed and disrupted family status, positively linked to the scoring of CFS & CRS, and negatively linked to hours of work.

Conclusions:

Among Indian IT professionals, cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction are low and influenced by family. Life satisfaction is proportionately linked to cognitive flexibility and resilience.
Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Bus Conductors of Udupi District, Karnataka
Authors: Verma Garima , Tiwari Rajnarayan R.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Government bus conductors are at high risk for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the work environment and work conditions. Thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal problems among bus conductors.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study included 237 bus conductors of government bus depots. The data were collected by interview technique on a structured questionnaire. Self-reported musculoskeletal pain over the last 12 months was the case definition.

Results:

The present study revealed that 62.4% of bus conductors had musculoskeletal pain. The multivariate analysis suggested that tobacco smoking, overweight or obesity, and lack of enough breaks during work were significant risk factors for the occurrence of musculoskeletal pain in study participants.

Conclusion:

Thus, to conclude, the conductors are at risk of musculoskeletal problems, which can be attributed to occupational as well as non-occupational factors.
How Covid-19 Affected the Work Prospects and Healthcare-Seeking of Women Domestic Workers in Kolkata City, India? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gupta Shibaji , Das Debasis , Bhattacharya Salil K. , Gupta Sharmistha S.
Published: January 2024

Background:

Self-negligence, societal neglect, and lack of access to adequate health care make domestic workers vulnerable to ill-health. COVID-19 has adversely affected the work prospects of people across social classes and their health care-seeking opportunities as well. We studied the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on work prospects and health care-seeking behavior of a vulnerable section of the society – the women domestic workers.

Methods:

A longitudinal analysis on 292 randomly selected women domestic workers residing in slums of “Kalikapur” locality of Kolkata city, West Bengal (India). Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested schedule twice: in early-2020 (before severe impact of COVID-19) and mid-2020 (during the pandemic ravaging India). Paired t-test and McNemar's test were used to check for significant changes.

Result:

Of all the participants, 57.2% lost jobs partially while 2.7% were completely jobless in mid-2020; the average daily work-hour decreased by 25.7%. Their average monthly pay significantly reduced (P < 0.05); mean family income in mid-2020 was lesser as well, compared to earlier (P < 0.05). Compared to early-2020, 15.8% more participants were sole bread-winners for their families during COVID-19. Number of participants visiting health practitioners significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in mid-2020. Rise in over-the-counter medicine use (P < 0.05) and increased tendency to ignore symptoms (P < 0.05) during COVID-19 was noted.

Conclusion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected work prospects and health care-seeking behavior of women domestic workers negatively. Most of them faced wage reduction, many becoming sole-earners for their families. This necessitates continued formulation and implementation of strategies ensuring social benefits including healthcare. Awareness about affordable healthcare and ill-effects of bad practices like self-medication should also be built.
Chronic Low-dose Exposure to Highly Toxic Gas Phosgene and Its Effect on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Authors: Tiwari Rajnarayan R. , Raghavan Sampathraju
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Phosgene is a highly toxic gas causing irritation of the airways and eyes though at high dose exposure. The effect on airways can be assessed by peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) which is a cheaper, simple, and easy to perform test under field conditions and routine monitoring. Thus, this study is undertaken to understand the effect of chronic low-dose phosgene exposure on PEFR and the associated factors.

Methods:

This study included 287 workers of phosgene production and captive units. After recording the demographic, occupational, and clinical history on a questionnaire, every participant was subjected to clinical examination, chest radiography, and measurement of PEFR using Spirovit SP-10.

Results:

The mean age and mean duration of the job of participants was 42.8 ± 10.4 years and 18.9 ± 9.6 years, respectively. The PEFR was significantly reduced with increasing age, increasing duration in the job, and those having direct exposure.

Conclusion:

PEFR is affected by chronic low-dose exposure to phosgene.
Existence of solutions for critical Klein–Gordon equations coupled with Born–Infeld theory in higher dimensions
Authors: Guo Zhenyu , Yan Xueqian
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we investigate the existence of nontrivial solutions for nonlinear Klein–Gordon equations coupled with Born–Infeld theory with critical Sobolev exponents by variational methods.
La pedagogía de la profundidad y la amplitud. Una perspectiva decolonial basada en Gabriela Mistral y Enrique Dussel.
Authors: Mujica Johnson Felipe
Published: January 2024

La educación en América Latina se encuentra desarrollando diversos diálogos epistemológicos sobre la decolonialidad. En este contexto se considera pertinente reflexionar desde los aportes de Gabriela Mistral y Enrique Dussel, quienes han mostrado caminos epistémicos para enfrentar con complejidad los nuevos desafíos pedagógicos del siglo XXI. En ambas personalidades se identifica el anhelo de dotar de amplitud y profundidad el desafío decolonial . De Gabriela Mistral se destaca el anhelo humanizador de las prácticas pedagógicas, marcado por el reconocimiento de la afectividad, la autonomía, la formación moral y la emancipación sociocultural. De Enrique Dussel se destaca su claridad histórica sobre el silencioso arquetipo patriarcal en la sociedad latinoamericana y la propuesta analéctica de superación creativa de las contradicciones socioculturales.
Potenciando la comunicación horizontal en el entorno universitario a través del enfoque dialógico interactivo.
Authors: García Oberto Carlina Leonor , Isea Argüelles Josía Jeseff , Comas Rodríguez Raúl
Published: January 2024

Este estudio se enfocó en analizar el enfoque dialógico interactivo como promotor de la comunicación horizontal en entornos universitarios. Se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa y descriptiva que incluyó encuestas y cuestionarios aplicados a 30 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados destacaron ventajas significativas, como un mayor nivel de satisfacción estudiantil, un aumento en la participación, el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico y una mejora en la comunicación horizontal entre los estudiantes. En última instancia, este enfoque se consolidó como una experiencia pedagógica colaborativa que trasciende el ámbito universitario y puede aplicarse en diversas disciplinas y niveles educativos. Los hallazgos respaldan la efectividad de esta metodología y su potencial aplicación en una variedad de contextos educativos.
La Neutrosofía como herramienta para abordar la vaguedad lingüística en el análisis de textos de dilemas ético.
Authors: Leyva Vázquez Maikel Yelandi , Estupiñan Ricardo Jesús , Batista Hernández Noel
Published: January 2024

El artículo aborda la complejidad de la vaguedad en el lenguaje y la lógica, explorando su impacto en el análisis de sentimientos. Se presenta un algoritmo basado en VADER que asigna números neutrosóficos de valor único (SVN) a textos, considerando la vaguedad y neutralidad para una identificación más precisa de los sentimientos expresados. El algoritmo se aplica a respuestas en un escenario hipotético del dilema del tren, revelando que la neutralidad desempeña un papel crucial en las decisiones éticas. Quienes expresan opiniones neutras tienden a ser más lógicos y equilibrados. El autor concluye que el análisis de sentimientos en experimentos mentales enriquece la comprensión de dilemas éticos y sugiere investigaciones futuras sobre la interacción entre la neutrosofía, el análisis de sentimientos y la filosofía experimental en contextos éticos, ofreciendo perspectivas sobre la influencia de la ambigüedad y las emociones en las decisiones éticas.