bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Photopatternable
BaTiO3 /Polymer Composites
Authors: Popielarz Roman , Chiang C.K. , Nozaki Ryusuke , Obrzut Jan
Published: July 2013

The dielectric properties of acrylic resin composites filled with
BaTiO3, have been evaluated over a broad frequency range.
These materials were used as models to study the dielectric response in
polymer composite films for de-coupling capacitance applications. A series
of photocurable resin formulations were prepared and photocured into films
of approximately 100 μm to 120 μm thick. Dielectric permittivity of the
materials was investigated at frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 GHz and
temperatures from –140 °C to +150 °C. The dielectric constant of the
composites reached 35 at 1 GHz. A high frequency dielectric relaxation
process was identified and related to the molecular structure of the polymer
matrix.
Fabrication of silicon nanowire network in aluminum thin films
Authors: Liu Vincent H. , Abu-Safe Husam H. , Naseem Hameed A. , Brown William D.
Published: July 2013

The formation of isolated silicon nanowires and silicon nanowire networks using aluminum thin film is investigated. The formation mechanism of the network mainly depends on the diffusion of silicon in the aluminum thin film. The silicon stops at the film grain boundaries. The continuous accumulations of silicon at these boundaries give raise to a continuous network of silicon nanowires. Characterization of the nanowires has been done using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. These results are unique in the fact that the nanowires found are grown in a horizontal fashion instead of the more common vertical direction. Most of the nanowires have a diameter of about 60 nm and a length of over 10 μm.
Indução de resistência à podridão‑amarga em maçãs pelo uso de eliciadores em pós‑colheita
Authors: Alamino Douglas Alvarez , Cabral Vagner Bandeira , Danner Moeses Andrigo , Marchese José Abramo
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos eliciadores acibenzolar‑S‑metílico (ASM) e proteína harpina, aplicados em pós‑colheita, na indução de resistência sistêmica à podridão‑amarga em maçãs. Realizaram-se ferimentos mecânicos em maçãs 'Royal Gala' seguidos da aplicação dos eliciadores. Doze horas depois, procedeu-se à inoculação do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Após 72 horas, realizaram-se as avaliações quanto à área lesionada e ao número de esporos, bem como a coleta de tecido dos frutos para quantificação de proteínas, açúcares totais e redutores, fenóis totais, e para determinação da atividade das enzimas fenilalanina amônia‑liase, superóxido dismutase, catalase, peroxidase e ascorbato peroxidase. A harpina e, em menor grau, o ASM proporcionaram aumento da atividade da enzima peroxidase e a consequente redução da área lesionada e da esporulação de C. gloeosporioides nas maçãs. Esses eliciadores podem ser utilizados como ferramenta de controle no manejo integrado da podridão‑amarga, em pós‑colheita de maçãs 'Royal Gala'.
Características morfogênicas e estruturais de Trachypogon plumosus de acordo com a fertilidade do solo e o nível de desfolha
Authors: Costa Newton de Lucena , Moraes Anibal de , Carvalho Paulo César de Faccio , Monteiro Alda Lúcia Gomes , Oliveira Ricardo Augusto de
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de estações de crescimento, calagem, adubação e intensidade de desfolha nas características morfogênicas e estruturais de Trachypogon plumosus nos cerrados de Roraima. Foram avaliados os tratamentos: correção da fertilidade do solo (testemunha, calagem, adubação e calagem + adubação), intensidade de desfolha (remoção de 50 e 75% das folhas) e estações de crescimento (períodos chuvoso e seco). A gramínea respondeu positivamente à correção da fertilidade do solo. A adubação e a calagem + adubação, durante o período chuvoso, proporcionaram maiores taxas de aparecimento de folhas (TApF), taxas de alongamento foliar, número de folhas vivas (NFV), duração de vida de folhas, comprimento final da folha (CFF), índice de área foliar (IAF) e densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP), além de menor filocrono. As variáveis avaliadas apresentaram redução significativa durante o período seco, exceto a taxa de senescência foliar. A menor intensidade de desfolha afetou positivamente a TApF, o CFF e o IAF, mas não o NFV e a DPP. O manejo com menor intensidade de desfolha maximiza o aproveitamento dos recursos ambientais e a eficiência de utilização da forragem.
Bebida com adição de soro de leite e fibra alimentar prebiótica
Authors: Bosi Mirela Guedes , Bernabé Bruna Magnago , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Roberto Consuelo Domenici
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aceitação sensorial de bebida não fermentada, com adição de inulina e polpa de acerola. Seis formulações foram desenvolvidas, com adição de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% de soro. O pH do soro foi 6,59, e a acidez de 0,103% de ácido lático. Utilizou-se a escala hedônica de nove pontos no teste de aceitação. As médias hedônicas das amostras com 0, 20 e 40% de soro não diferiram significativamente e variaram entre 6 e 8 pontos. As bebidas desenvolvidas com até 60% de soro são alternativas interessantes para o aproveitamento desse subproduto em laticínios.
Adubação nitrogenada e características agronômicas em amoreira-preta
Authors: Pereira Ivan dos Santos , Picolotto Luciano , Messias Rafael da Silva , Potes Mariana da Luz , Antunes Luis Eduardo Correa
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses crescentes de nitrogênio sobre o crescimento vegetativo, a produção e os níveis foliares de nutrientes da amoreira-preta (Rubus spp.). O experimento foi realizado com as cultivares Tupy e Xavante, na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, de 2008 a 2012. Os tratamentos consistiram da aplicação de cinco doses de N (0,0, 7,5, 15,0, 22,5 e 30,0 g por planta), aplicados na adubação de manutenção, após a implantação da lavoura. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: densidade de hastes, massa de matéria seca de poda, índice de clorofila, produção por planta, número de frutos e composição nutricional das folhas (N, K, Ca, Mg e S). A adubação nitrogenada influenciou significativamente o crescimento vegetativo, a produção e a composição nutricional das folhas. As cultivares apresentaram resposta distinta à aplicação de N, em que 'Tupy' foi mais exigente que 'Xavante'. As doses de N atualmente recomendadas para a cultura da amoreira-preta são satisfatórias para a máxima produção de 'Xavante', mas insuficientes para 'Tupy'.
Desempenho agronômico de seleções de café Bourbon Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo de diferentes origens
Authors: Ferreira André Dominghetti , Carvalho Gladyston Rodrigues , Rezende Juliana Costa de , Botelho Cesar Elias , Rezende Ramiro Machado , Carvalho Alex Mendonça de
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica e outras características de interesse agronômico de genótipos de café Bourbon Vermelho e Bourbon Amarelo, para selecionar os de melhor desempenho no Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados 17 genótipos pertencentes ao grupo Bourbon, bem pontuados em concursos de qualidade de bebida, além de três cultivares amplamente cultivadas no estado, utilizadas como testemunhas. Os experimentos foram instalados em dezembro de 2005, nos municípios de Lavras, Santo Antônio do Amparo, Três Pontas, Campos Altos e Patrocínio. As avaliações foram realizadas durante as quatro primeiras colheitas, nos anos agrícolas 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010 e 2010/2011, e compreenderam as seguintes características: produtividade de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica, percentagem de frutos chochos, vigor vegetativo e classificação por peneira. Há variabilidade genética dentro do grupo de Bourbon estudado. Os genótipos de Bourbon apresentam produtividades satisfatórias em todos os locais avaliados. O genótipo Bourbon Vermelho 2 apresenta maior adaptabilidade, tendo-se destacado quanto a todas as características avaliadas.
Nutrição e produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia em função de doses de nitrogênio
Authors: Perdoná Marcos José , Martins Adriana Novais , Suguino Eduardo , Soratto Rogério Peres
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio na nutrição mineral e na produtividade da nogueira-macadâmia (Macadamia integrifolia). O experimento foi conduzido durante três anos agrícolas, em Jaboticabal, SP. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco doses de N (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 por ano), aplicadas na forma de ureia. O aumento nas doses de N aumentou o teor do nutriente nas folhas e a produtividade de nozes e amêndoas. Os teores de Ca, Mg e S diminuíram e os de Fe e Mg aumentaram linearmente com a adubação nitrogenada. A produtividade de nozes e de amêndoas correlacionou-se positivamente com o teor de N nas folhas, e a faixa de 14 a 18 g kg-1 foi a que possibilitou as maiores produtividades. A dose de 150 kg ha-1 de N por ano proporciona maior produtividade de noz, sem reduzir a taxa de recuperação de amêndoas.
Feijão-caupi autoclavado na nutrição de juvenis de tambaqui
Authors: Dairiki Jony Koji , Correa Rafaella Barbosa , Inoue Luis Antônio Kioshi Aoki , Morais Irani da Silva de
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito da inclusão de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) na ração sobre o desempenho de juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições de 20 juvenis de tambaqui (10 g), alocados em caixas d'água de 310 L. Os peixes foram alimentados por 60 dias com rações isonitrogenadas e isoenergéticas, com seis níveis de inclusão de feijão-caupi: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%. Foram determinadas as relações corporais e de desempenho produtivo. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. Juvenis de tambaqui podem ser alimentados com inclusão de até 25% de feijão-caupi na ração.
Preferência do bicudo-das-palmeiras por dendezeiro, caiaué e por seu híbrido interespecífico
Authors: Moura José Inácio Lacerda , Santos Lindolfo Pereira dos , Bittencourt Maria Aparecida Leão , Krug Cristiane
Published: July 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, em campo, a preferência do bicudo-das-palmeiras (Rhynchophorus palmarum) por estipes de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis), caiaué (Elaeis oleifera) e pelo híbrido entre caiaué e dendezeiro. O experimento foi conduzido no banco de germoplasma de dendê da Comissão Executiva de Planejamento da Lavoura Cacaueira. Entre os três genótipos testados, o caiaué é significativamente menos preferido por Rhynchophorus palmarum, seguido do híbrido interespecífico e do dendezeiro.
Influence of Objective Three-Dimensional Measures and Movement Images on Surgeon Treatment Planning for Lip Revision Surgery
Authors: Trotman Carroll-Ann , Phillips Ceib , Faraway Julian J. , Hartman Terry , Van Aalst John A.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To determine whether a systematic evaluation of facial soft tissues of patients with cleft lip and palate, using facial video images and objective three-dimensional measurements of movement, change surgeons' treatment plans for lip revision surgery.

Design

Prospective longitudinal study.

Setting

The University of North Carolina School of Dentistry.

Patients, Participants

A group of patients with repaired cleft lip and palate (n =21), a noncleft control group (n = 37), and surgeons experienced in cleft care.

Interventions

Lip revision.

Main Outcome Measures

(1) facial photographic images; (2) facial video images during animations; (3) objective three-dimensional measurements of upper lip movement based on z scores; and (4) objective dynamic and visual three-dimensional measurement of facial soft tissue movement.

Results

With the use of the video images plus objective three-dimensional measures, the operating surgeon changed the problem list of the surgical treatment plan for 86% of the patients (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.97) and the surgical goals for 71% of the patients (95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 0.89). The surgeon group varied in the percentage of patients for whom the problem list was modified, ranging from 24% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 47%) to 48% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 70%) of patients, and the percentage for whom the surgical goals were modified, ranging from 14% (94% confidence interval, 3% to 36%) to 48% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 70%) of patients.

Conclusions

For all surgeons, the additional assessment components of the systematic valuation resulted in a change in clinical decision making for some patients.
A framework for understanding noise impacts on wildlife: an urgent conservation priority
Authors: Francis Clinton D , Barber Jesse R
Published: July 2013

Anthropogenic noise is an important environmental stressor that is rapidly gaining attention among biologists, resource managers, and policy makers. Here we review a substantial literature detailing the impacts of noise on wildlife and provide a conceptual framework to guide future research. We discuss how several likely impacts of noise exposure have yet to be rigorously studied and outline how behavioral responses to noise are linked to the nature of the noise stimulus. Chronic and frequent noise interferes with animals' abilities to detect important sounds, whereas intermittent and unpredictable noise is often perceived as a threat. Importantly, these effects can lead to fitness costs, either directly or indirectly. Future research should consider the range of behavioral and physiological responses to this burgeoning pollutant and pair measured responses with metrics that appropriately characterize noise stimuli. This will provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms that govern wildlife responses to noise and help in identifying practical noise limits to inform policy and regulation.
Mapping the Three‐Dimensional Distribution of Soil Organic Matter across a Subtropical Hilly Landscape
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Gan-Lin , Sun Yan-Jun , Zhao Yu-Guo , Li De-Cheng
Published: July 2013

There is a serious lack of detailed and accurate three‐dimensional soil distribution information worldwide. This study examined the effectiveness of combining radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and profile depth functions to map the three‐dimensional distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) in a subtropical hilly landscape in southern Anhui Province, China. The RBF networks were used to predict the lateral distribution of SOM based on its relations with terrain attributes and land uses, while the depth functions were used to fit its vertical distribution based on sparse measurements of SOM in soil genetic horizons. Compared with power and logarithmic functions, the equal‐area quadratic splines had smaller bias, higher accuracy, and more stable performance in fitting the vertical SOM distribution. The prediction accuracy of the whole three‐dimensional mapping method decreased with depth within the upper 60 cm, while the best accuracy occurred below 60 cm. In the upper 30 cm, areas with high elevation tended to have high predicted SOM content and vice versa. There were local deviations from this pattern in areas where toeslopes and ravines had higher predicted SOM content than backslopes, even though the latter are at higher elevations. Multiple regressions with dummy variables showed that the influence of terrain conditions on SOM content was strong in the upper 60 cm and weak below 60 cm, while that of land use was strong in the upper 30 cm and weak below 30 cm. Both influences were the strongest in the upper 15‐cm soil layer. Under the same terrain conditions, agricultural cultivation is associated with SOM accumulation in the upper 30 cm.
Inadequate accessibility as a cause of water inadequacy: a case study of Mpeketoni, Lamu, Kenya
Authors: Gedo Hussein Wako , Morshed Md Manjur
Published: July 2013

Water adequacy depends on multiple variables. The provision of adequate drinking water in Sub-Saharan Africa often gets blurred by distortions in supply and demand relationships. Different development organisations have attempted to find solutions to the provision of adequate drinking water. However, while some attempts have succeeded in addressing water adequacy in terms of both the quantity available and that demanded, most attempts have failed to address other components of water adequacy. This paper analyses one such case in Mpeketoni, one of the six administrative divisions in the coastal district of Lamu, Kenya, and emphasises that accessibility in terms of distance and price are the major factors determining the success of this initiative. The paper finds that, whilst the target quantity has been achieved, accessibility has not been ensured. Considering the local factors, this paper suggests a spatial distribution of water facilities for adequacy. The paper's conclusion is that the infrastructure required to reach the target is quite difficult in the present context, and thus alternatives must be considered.
Is the water permit system a panacea or a bed of inefficiency? The case of South Africa
Authors: Tewari Devi Datt , Oumar Saidou Baba
Published: July 2013

Although South Africa has adopted a very modern permit/license system to control access to water as a resource, the attainment of the lofty objectives (efficiency, equity and sustainability) of the National Water Act of 1998 depends on two critical factors: (1) the institutional efficiency of the water management system; and (2) the development of water markets and their efficient functioning. This study lists a number of concerns that the Act is not geared to resolve efficiently or in a timely manner. These concerns include the high administrative costs of implementation, poor incentives for long-term investments, bureaucratic inefficiency, practical problems in water pricing and adaptability to climate change threat. There is a need to re-think the ways and means with which to make water distribution more efficient in the country. One possible solution would be to develop water markets in the country.
Trends in integrated water resources management research: a literature review
Authors: Gallego-Ayala Jordi
Published: July 2013

The integrated water resources management (IWRM) paradigm has emerged as the main guiding framework for water resources development and management. Since the IWRM approach started to gain prominence with the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Summit and the Dublin Conference, developing and developed countries worldwide have adopted and transposed the tools and principles embodied in this holistic approach into their national policies as well as their regulatory and institutional frameworks. The scientific community has performed extensive studies within the IWRM field. In fact, there is a growing literature analysing multi-dimensional functions to pursue an IWRM approach in water resources management. The main objective of this study is to perform a literature review of the scientific knowledge in the IWRM field published between the years 2000 and 2011. A total of 353 papers published in scientific journals were carefully reviewed and extracted from the ISI Web of Science database. The main results show that: (a) the dominant research topics in IWRM analysis focus on its institutional framework, on equitable water allocation (sustainable management of water resources), and on IWRM implementation and stakeholder participation; and (b) the leading countries in scientific research into IWRM are Germany, the USA and South Africa.
Mentorship, knowledge transmission and female professionals in Canadian water research and policy
Authors: Wolfe S. E. , Davidson Seanna , Reid Tobi
Published: July 2013

We face multiple water challenges: droughts, floods, crumbling infrastructure and disappearing natural hydrosystems. Technological interventions will help but these challenges also require social solutions and good governance. Identifying and implementing both technical and social solutions demands a resilient water research and policy community (WRPC). The WRPC must include diverse perspectives as the challenges increase in intensity, frequency and scope and as decision processes accelerate. Will the WRPC be able to effectively address this evolving water context? Possibly, but we argue that the WRPC's effectiveness will be partially determined by its ability to respond to impending demographic changes and the erosion of valuable knowledge resources. Generating stronger social ties between water professionals from different generations is critical to transfer these knowledge resources. Mentorship has been recognized for both its individual benefits and its organizational benefits, yet it has been under-explored within the WRPC. Using a qualitative analysis of a Canadian case and focusing on a female professional sub-population, we argue that mentorship has significant potential to develop and sustain intergenerational ties and knowledge resource transmission within a WRPC. Our findings suggest that long-term mentorship investments will directly contribute to the WRPC's resilience and its ability to effectively address water challenges.
Synthesis, enzyme inhibition and anticancer investigation of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted ureas
Authors: Mustafa Sana , Perveen Shahnaz , Khan Ajmal
Published: July 2013

In this research work seventeen urea derivatives, including five new
derivatives N-mesityl-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (2),
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (4),
N-mesityl-N'-(4-methylphenyl)urea (6),
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) and
N-(2-methylphenyl)-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinecarboxamide (15) have synthesized by
reacting ortho, meta and para tolyl isocyanate with primary and secondary
amines by previously reported method. We exhibited all series (1-17) to
urease, ?-glucuronidase and snake venom phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibition
assays. The ranges of % inhibition for urease, ?-glucuronidase and
phosphodiesterase enzymes were 0.3-45.3, 4.9-44.9 and 1.2-46.4 %
respectively. Moreover, the effect of these compounds on prostate cancer cell
lines was also observed. The new compound
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-N'-(3-methylphenyl)urea (9) showed in vitro
anticancer activity with IC50 value of 78.28 ? 1.2 ?M. All the compounds were
characterized by state of art spectroscopic techniques.
Kinetics and optimization on discoloration of dyeing wastewater by schorl-catalyzed fenton-like reaction
Authors: Xu Huan-Yan , Liu Wei-Chao , Qi Shu-Yan , Li Yan , Zhao Yuan , Li Ji-Wei
Published: July 2013

Kinetics and optimization on the discoloration of an active commercial dye,
Argazol Blue BFBR (ABB) by heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by
natural schorl were investigated in this study. Kinetic investigations
revealed that the first-order kinetic model was more favorable to describe
the discoloration of ABB at different reaction conditions than the
second-order and Behnajady-Modirshahla-Ghanbery models. The relationship
between the reaction rate constant k and reaction temperature T followed the
Arrhenius equation, with the apparent activation energy Ea of 51.31kJ?mol-1.
The central composite design under the response surface methodology was
employed for the experimental design and optimization of the ABB
discoloration process. The significance of a second order polynomial model
for predicting the optimal values of ABB discoloration was evaluated by the
analysis of variance and 3D response surface plots for the interactions
between two variables were constructed. Then, the optimum conditions were
determined.
Optimization of electrocoagulation process to treat biologically pretreated bagasse effluent
Authors: Thirugnanasambandham K. , Sivakumar V. , Prakash Maran
Published: July 2013

The main objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of
electrocoagulation process as a post-treatment to treat biologically
pretreated bagasse effluent using iron electrodes. The removal of chemical
oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) were studied under
different operating conditions such as amount of dilution, initial pH,
applied current and electrolyte dose by using response surface methodology
(RSM) coupled with four-factor three-level Box-Behnken experimental design
(BBD). The experimental results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance
(ANOVA) and second order polynomial mathematical models were developed with
high correlation of efficiency (R2) for COD, TSS removal and electrical
energy consumption (EEC). The individual and combined effect of variables on
responses was studied using three dimensional response surface plots. Under
the optimum operating conditions, such as amount of dilution at 30 %, initial
pH of 6.5, applied current of 8 mA cm-2 and electrolyte dose of 740 mg l-1
shows the higher removal efficiency of COD (98 %) and TSS (93 %) with EEC of
2.40 Wh, which were confirmed by validation experiments.
Arms trade as a global international problem
Authors: Spalevic Zaklina , Bjelajac Zeljko , Dimitrijevic Dusko
Published: July 2013

The aim of this paper is to highlight the great social danger resulting from
uncontrolled trade in arms and military equipment. A large number of
terrorist attacks in the world show that uncontrolled arms trade is a growing
problem for international security. In order to provide the same protection,
the problem of uncontrolled arms and military equipment, which is the major
international business, should be viewed from several aspects. To this end,
after defining weapons, their production and trade, the authors have
presented one of the ways the leading companies in the military-industrial
complex provide themselves a market for sale of arms and military equipment,
thus creating the conditions that contribute to expanding of their military
companies. As the world?s largest exporters of arms and military equipment
the United States, Russia and China give a short historical account of their
arms trafficking. Then, considering the fact that the amount of weapons would
unlikely diminish, the authors have pointed out that states should find a way
to control the movement of weapons in the world preventing terrorist to take
hold of them.
ECAP - new consolidation method for production of aluminium matrix composites with ceramic reinforcement
Authors: Snajdar-Musa Mateja , Schauperl Zdravko
Published: July 2013

Aluminium based metal matrix composites are rapidly developing group of
materials due to their unique combination of properties that include low
weight, elevated strength, improved wear and corrosion resistance and
relatively good ductility. This combination of properties is a result of
mixing two groups of materials with rather different properties with
aluminium as ductile matrix and different oxides and carbides added as
reinforcement. Al2O3, SiC and ZrO2 are the most popular choices of
reinforcement material. One of the most common methods for producing this
type of metal matrix composites is powder metallurgy since it has many
variations and also is relatively low-cost method. Many different techniques
of compacting aluminium and ceramic powders have been previously
investigated. Among those techniques equal channel angular pressing (ECAP)
stands out due to its beneficial influence on the main problem that arises
during powder compaction and that is a non-uniform distribution of
reinforcement particles. This paper gives an overview on ECAP method
principles, advantages and produced powder composite properties.
Wear of diamond-coated cutting tool inserts upon machining of Al-12%Si and glass fiber/polyester resin composites
Authors: Grahovac Nebojsa , Stankovic Srboljub , Zec Slavica , Maksimovic Vesna , Grahovac Boris , Milovanovic Dubravka
Published: July 2013

Results of the wear resistance of the diamond-coated cutting tool inserts
upon machining Al-12%Si alloy and glass fiber/polyester resin composites are
presented in this paper. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the
advantages of application of cutting tool inserts with the diamond coating
over the conventional tungsten-carbide (WC) tools, and to obtain the cheaper
serial production (shorter machining time) and satisfactory lifetime of the
diamond cutting tool inserts. Surface roughness of the machined samples was
measured for both as-received and diamond coated inserts. The diamond
microstructure of undamaged part of inserts as well as the appearance of
microstructure of diamond coated inserts after machining has been
investigated. Results of the behavior of two regimes of preparation of
diamond-coated inserts were compared and analyzed. Generally, the wear
resistance of the diamond-coated cutting tool is superior over the
conventional tool.
Influence of oral health related behavior on oral health of adolescents in Belgrade
Authors: Lalic Maja , Krivokapic Marina , Jankovic-Bukva Biljana , Aleksic Ema , Gajic Mihajlo , Bankovic Dusica
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Adolescence is a period of intensive physical, psychological
and emotional changes that might affect existing oral health related habits
and result in developing risky behaviors. The aim of the present study was to
investigate oral health attitudes and behavior and their relation to dental
caries experience in the group of adolescents from Belgrade. Material and
Methods. This cross-sectional study included 404 high-school students grade
one from Belgrade. Two trained and calibrated dentists conducted clinical
examination in classrooms to determine oral health status of adolescents
(DMFT index and visual signs of gingivitis). Modified Serbian version of
Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HU-DBI) questionnaire with
three additional questions was used to collect data on oral health behavior
and attitudes. Results. Mean HU-DBI score was 6.22?1.45 for males and
6.28?1.45 for females (p<0.05). Dental visits at least once in a year
reported 67.3% adolescents, more often girls (p<0.05). Only emergency dental
visits reported 47.1% of adolescents. Majority of respondents reported
brushing teeth twice a day or more (86.2%), girls more often than boys
(p<0.001). Only 13.4% reported regular flossing and 30.3% daily use of mouth
rinses. Mean DMFT score was 5.84?0.20 with 45% of untreated decayed tooth.
Unfavorable oral health related attitudes and behavior were related to poorer
oral health status of adolescents. Conclusion. Poor oral health of
adolescents is influenced by their inadequate attitudes and habits. Program
of oral health promotion for adolescents that would target knowledge,
attitudes and skills development should be implemented to enhance
adolescents? oral self-care regime and oral health outcome.
Religious faith and the modalities of tolerance in a liberal society
Authors: Fatic Aleksandar
Published: July 2013

The paper discusses three aspects of belonging to religious systems of belief
within a modern liberal society, namely (1) the sincerity and consistency of
belief, (2) the possibility of exteriorization of belief through broader
social interactions or transactions, and (3) the relationship between
religious belief and the modern concept of affirmative tolerance, or
affirmation of differences, which has become a pronounced public policy in
multicultural liberal societies. The author argues that, while negative
tolerance allows sincere religious belief to flourish in the private sphere
and for benevolence to be shown to those who are seen as mistaken in their
beliefs, affirmative tolerance opens an array of logical issues. The demand
to extend potential substantive validation to opposed beliefs produces the
ricochet effect of de-validating one?s own beliefs. This creates difficulties
for religious communities when issues at stake are beliefs that, in the
respective belief-systems, are definitive of the moral goodness and moral
badness. Upon a more careful examination of the logical relations between the
soteriological promises characteristic of what is sometimes called the
?substantive? layer of religiousness, on the one hand, and the public
expectation of a tolerant coexistence of religious communities on a social
level, on the other hand, it becomes clear that the tolerance required can
only be a negative tolerance. Any expectation of affirmative tolerance
de-values the soteriological script of the respective system of religious
belief, and is thus likely to lead to serious disturbances in a liberal
context of multi-cultural coexistence. The author argues that the recent
political announcements of a ?failure of the multicultural experiment? are
caused by the aggressive pursuit of ?affirmative tolerance? rather than by
any in-built intolerance of others in any of the large religious belief
systems now prevalent in the liberal democratic world.
Can one simply say „no“ to solipsism?
Authors: Bratina Boris
Published: July 2013

This text is a part of a broader research of the problem of The Other in
modern philosophy. Herefrom emerges a specific angle of view for the question
of solipsism. In the first place, the principle impossibility of refutation
of such a position is demonstrated, thereupon the author makes a short review
of Sartre's analysis of the solipsism problem in Being and Nothingness,
traditional argument from analogy and Wittgenstein's analysis in The
Philosophical Investigations, and finally he analyzes the defensive and
offensive variant of solipsism. Inversely, by virtue of impossibility
solipsism confirmation, the motives that position and its consequences on
practical sphere are analyzed, too. The author also poses the speech
beginning question. It turns out that consequent solipsism shows the need for
God?s prerogatives, but in practical situation its method is much more down
the earth: The Other (alius) is firstly derogated to mere other (aliud) and
thereafter to sameness - such Other is now well suited for asimilation. In
the end, the author shows the contradictions of Gorgian formalistic
solipsism. Nevertheless some positive aspects of solipsistic possibility are
pointed out, too: solipsism is the transcendental condition of subjectivity
in general and, just as The Transcendent Other, it is constituitve for
subjectivity.
Dyeing of multiple types of fabrics with a single reactive azo disperse dye
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wu Cheng
Published: July 2013

Three novel reactive azo disperse dyes were prepared using 7-acetamide-4-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sodium sulphate as the precursor. The structure of the dyes has the combined characteristics of reactive, disperse, and cationic dyes. Under alkaline conditions (pH 9), the dyes can be applied to cotton, silk, wool, and nylon. Under neutral conditions, they can be used to dye polyester. Under acidic conditions (pH 4.5), they can colour acrylic fabric after conversion of the tertiary amine group to the quaternary ammonium cation. The colour-fastness of the dyed fabrics were also evaluated.
Anoxic granulated biomass and its storage
Authors: Drtil Miloslav , Babjakova Lenka , Imreova Zuzana , Jonatova Ivana
Published: July 2013

Laboratory experiments involving shutdown and repeated start-up of a denitrification USB reactor with granulated anoxic biomass were conducted in order to find suitable conditions for a safe storage period of the biomass. Anoxic granulated biomass stored under anaerobic conditions for a half year period at 6°C and for a half month period at 18–20°C retained its activity and granular morphology. Storage of anoxic granules under anaerobic conditions for a half year period at 18–20°C led to the loss of the biomass original activity and a significant portion of the granules disintegrated. Anoxic granulated biomass stored for a one and a half month period under endogenous anoxic conditions at 18–20°C retained its activity and granular morphology. A two month storage under endogenous anoxic conditions at 18–20°C was too long and the shutdown of the reactor had to be followed by repeated anoxic granulation. Minimum loading of the USB reactor with N-NO3 to maintain endogenous anoxic conditions in the sludge bed was in the range of 0.06–0.1 kg of N-NO3 per m3 per day. Restart of the USB reactor can be accelerated by an addition of anaerobic granulated biomass.
Modeling of supercritical fluid extraction of flavonoids from Calycopteris floribunda leaves
Authors: Liu Xiong , Yang Dong-Liang , Liu Jia-Jia , Xu Kuan , Wu Guo-Hui
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to obtain flavonoids extracts from Calycopteris floribunda leaves using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 and a co-solvent. Pachypodol, a potential anticancer drug lead compound separated from the extracts, was examined. Classical organic solvent extraction (CE) with ethanol was performed to evaluate the high pressure method. HPLC analysis was introduced to interpret the differences between SFE and CE extracts in terms of antioxidant activity and the concentration of pachypodol. SFE kinetics and mathematical modeling of the overall extraction curves (OEC) were investigated. Evaluation of the models against experimental data showed that the Sovová model performs the best. The supercritical fluid extraction process was optimized using a central composite design (CCD), where temperature and pressure were adjusted. The optimal conditions of SFE were: pressure of 30 MPa and temperature of 35°C.
Survey of recreational use of The Las Kabacki
forest nature reserve in Warsaw (Poland)
Authors: Malinowska Ewa , Szumacher Iwona
Published: July 2013

This paper discusses recreational use of protected land with the example of Las Kabacki, a forest located in the southern part of Warsaw, in the vicinity of the district of Ursynów. The area has been excluded from traditional forest cultivation since 1938. From 1980 onwards it has enjoyed the status of a reserve due to its natural resources and scenic attributes. Highly developed and densely populated residential areas (Natolin-Wyżyny and Kabaty) lie adjacent to the northern border of the forest. For their inhabitants, Las Kabacki is a key recreational area. This results in a functional and spatial conflict of interests between nature protection objectives on the one hand and the recreational needs of inhabitants on the other hand. To find the answer to the question of how to match the interests of a natural reserve with leisure requirements, users of Las Kabacki were asked for their opinions regarding the following issues: the natural values of the reserve and their perception, forms of preferred recreational behaviour in the reserve, awareness of threats to the natural environment in the reserve arising from anthropogenic pressure, readiness to resign from preferred forms of leisure in favour of protecting nature, and possibilities for eliminating the conflict of interests between the recreational use of the reserve and protection of its natural values. Also, two SWOT analyses were carried out aimed at determining a nature conservation strategy in the reserve as well as its leisure use.
Registration of WCL‐LO4‐Gail Lesquerella with Improved Harvest Index
Authors: Dierig David A. , Dahlquist Gail H. , Coffelt Terry A. , Ray Dennis T. , Isbell Terry A. , Wang Guangyao
Published: July 2013

WCL‐LO4‐Gail lesquerella (Physaria fendleri L.) germplasm line (Reg. No. GP‐34, PI 666045) was publicly released jointly by the USDA‐ARS and the University of Arizona, in 2012 as part of the new crops breeding program. The germplasm was developed by mass selection originating from lesquerella germplasm WCL‐LO3. The germplasm has an average oil content of 29% and 44% lesquerolic acid. It has a harvest index of 16.5, a plant biomass of 157 g, and a seed yield of 23.5 g plant−1. The unique characteristic of this germplasm is its demonstrated improved harvest index. The release of WCL‐LO4‐Gail will benefit public and private breeders with new germplasm for variety development. It will also benefit growers and producers with the highest yielding available germplasm for production.
The Destructive/Non-Destructive Identification of Enameled Pottery, Glass Artifacts and Associated Pigments—A Brief Overview
Authors: Colomban Philippe
Published: July 2013

The birth of Chemistry can be found in two main practices: (i) the Arts du feu (ceramic and glass, metallurgy, i.e., inorganic and solid state chemistry) and (ii) the preparation of remedies, alcohols and perfumes, dyes, i.e., organic and liquid state chemistry). After a brief survey of the history of (glazed) pottery and (enameled) glass artifacts, the development of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques during the last few centuries is reviewed. Emphasis is put on mobile non-destructive Raman microspectroscopy of pigments and their glass/glaze host matrices for chronological/technological expertise. The techniques of white opacification, blue, yellow, green, red, and black coloring, are used as examples to point out the interest of pigments as chronological/technological markers.
Lacquerware Pigment Identification with Fixed and Mobile Raman Microspectrometers: A Potential Technique to Differentiate Original/Fake Artworks
Authors: Colomban Philippe , Mancini Diana
Published: July 2013

(FT) Raman spectroscopy is used for the first time to identify pigments used in 19th & 20th century Japanese and Vietnamese Lacquerwares. IR spectroscopy is used to assess the Lacquer matrix. Different operative conditions and parameters were experimented with on a limited number of lacquerwares in order to determine the optimal procedure for the identification of pigments/dyes as potential chronological or technological markers. The test was then performed in the collector’s rooms with a mobile Raman set-up. Different pigments (vermilion, Prussian Blue, Naples Yellow, Phtalocyanine Blue, anatase, rutile, chalk, carbon black) were identified despite a strong fluorescence and a rapid degradation of both pigments and binder under increasing laser power. Better spectra were obtained on older lacquerwares.
Head and Neck Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Tejani Mohamedtaki , Galloway Thomas , Lango Miriam , Ridge John , Von Mehren Margaret
Published: July 2013

Head/neck sarcomas are rare, accounting for about 1% of head/neck malignancies and 5% of sarcomas. Outcomes have historically been worse in this group, due to anatomic constraints leading to difficulty in completely excising tumors, with high rates of local recurrence. We retrospectively analyzed cases of head/neck soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and osteogenic sarcomas managed in a multi-disciplinary setting at Fox Chase Cancer Center from 1999–2009 to describe clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, outcomes, and prognostic factors for disease control and survival. Thirty patients with STS and seven patients with osteogenic sarcoma were identified. Most STS were high grade (23) and almost all were localized at presentation (28). Common histologies were synovial cell (6), rhabdomyosarcoma (5), angiosarcoma (4), liposarcoma (4) and leiomyosarcoma (3). The type of primary therapy and disease outcomes were analyzed. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The HR and 95% CI for Cox model and median DFS/OS analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated.
Results from a Novel Method for Corrosion Studies of Electroplated Lithium Metal Based on Measurements with an Impedance Scanning Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Schedlbauer Tanja , Hoffmann Björn , Krüger Steffen , Gores Heiner , Winter Martin
Published: July 2013

A new approach to study the chemical stability of electrodeposited lithium on a copper metal substrate via measurements with a fast impedance scanning electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance is presented. The corrosion of electrochemically deposited lithium was compared in two different electrolytes, based on lithium difluoro(oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) and lithium hexafluorophosphate, both salts being dissolved in solvent blends of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate. For a better understanding of the corrosion mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy images of electrodeposited lithium were also consulted. The results of the EQCM experiments were supported by AC impedance measurements and clearly showed two different corrosion mechanisms caused by the different salts and the formed SEIs. The observed mass decrease of the quartz sensor of the LiDFOB-based electrolyte is not smooth, but rather composed of a series of abrupt mass fluctuations in contrast to that of the lithium hexafluorophosphate-based electrolyte. After each slow decrease of mass a rather fast increase of mass is observed several times. The slow mass decrease can be attributed to a consolidation process of the SEI or to the partial dissolution of the SEI leaving finally lithium metal unprotected so that a fast film formation sets in entailing the observed fast mass increases.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Schwarzenbacher Daniela , Balic Marija , Pichler Martin
Published: July 2013

The concept of the existence of a subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, which are thought to play a significant role in tumor formation, metastasis, resistance to anticancer therapies and cancer recurrence, has gained tremendous attraction within the last decade. These cancer stem cells (CSCs) are relatively rare and have been described by different molecular markers and cellular features in different types of cancers. Ten years ago, a novel class of molecules, small non-protein-coding RNAs, was found to be involved in carcinogenesis. These small RNAs, which are called microRNAs (miRNAs), act as endogenous suppressors of gene expression that exert their effect by binding to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of large target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MicroRNAs trigger either translational repression or mRNA cleavage of target mRNAs. Some studies have shown that putative breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) exhibit a distinct miRNA expression profile compared to non-tumorigenic breast cancer cells. The deregulated miRNAs may contribute to carcinogenesis and self-renewal of BCSCs via several different pathways and can act either as oncomirs or as tumor suppressive miRNAs. It has also been demonstrated that certain miRNAs play an essential role in regulating the stem cell-like phenotype of BCSCs. Some miRNAs control clonal expansion or maintain the self-renewal and anti-apoptotic features of BCSCs. Others are targeting the specific mRNA of their target genes and thereby contribute to the formation and self-renewal process of BCSCs. Several miRNAs are involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which is often implicated in the process of formation of CSCs. Other miRNAs were shown to be involved in the increased chemotherapeutic resistance of BCSCs. This review highlights the recent findings and crucial role of miRNAs in the maintenance, growth and behavior of BCSCs, thus indicating the potential for novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic miRNA-based strategies.
Long and Short Non-Coding RNAs as Regulators of Hematopoietic Differentiation
Authors: Morceau Franck , Chateauvieux Sébastien , Gaigneaux Anthoula , Dicato Mario , Diederich Marc
Published: July 2013

Genomic analyses estimated that the proportion of the genome encoding proteins corresponds to approximately 1.5%, while at least 66% are transcribed, suggesting that many non-coding DNA-regions generate non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). The relevance of these ncRNAs in biological, physiological as well as in pathological processes increased over the last two decades with the understanding of their implication in complex regulatory networks. This review particularly focuses on the involvement of two large families of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of hematopoiesis. To date, miRNAs have been widely studied, leading to a wealth of data about processing, regulation and mechanisms of action and more specifically, their involvement in hematopoietic differentiation. Notably, the interaction of miRNAs with the regulatory network of transcription factors is well documented whereas roles, regulation and mechanisms of lncRNAs remain largely unexplored in hematopoiesis; this review gathers current data about lncRNAs as well as both potential and confirmed roles in normal and pathological hematopoiesis.