bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A POSTURA ESTÁTICA DA COLUNA VERTEBRAL DE CRIANÇAS E SUA FLEXIBILIDADE
Authors: Sedrez Juliana Adami , Do Valle Marja Bochehin , De Oliveira Eduardo Bojunga Corrêa , Candotti Cláudia Tarragô
Published: April 2018

A coluna vertebral é um segmento complexo e a sua flexibilidade é importante para o aumento da resistência às forças de pressão e para a manutenção da postura corporal. No entanto, ainda não está clara, na literatura, a relação entre a postura estática da coluna vertebral com a sua flexibilidade. Verificar se a postura estática da coluna vertebral está relacionada com a sua flexibilidade, bem como o comportamento dessas variáveis entre os sexos. Participaram deste estudo 36 sujeitos de 7 a 18 anos de idade, que realizaram raios-x panorâmicos da coluna vertebral na incidência perfil direito. Nas radiografias foram medidos os ângulos de Cobb, das curvaturas torácica e lombar. A flexibilidade da coluna vertebral foi verificada por meio do Flexicurva. A avaliação consistiu na demarcação dos pontos anatômicos T1, T6 e T12 para a cifose torácica e T12, L4 e S2 para lordose lombar. Após, o Flexicurva foi moldado no dorso dos indivíduos durante três momentos: (a) com coluna neutra, (b) com coluna flexionada e (c) com coluna estendida, tanto para a coluna lombar quanto torácica. Em seguida, o contorno do dorso foi transcrito para um papel milimetrado. A partir das medidas obtidas, foi possível obter a flexibilidade total da coluna, bem como de flexão e extensão, além dos índices de cifose torácica e lordose lombar. Foram utilizados os testes de Correlação Produto-Momento de Pearson, o Coeficiente Correlação de Spearman e MANOVA (?<0,05). Não foram encontradas correlações entre as ADMs da coluna vertebral com os ângulos de Cobb de cifose e lordose. No entanto, foram encontradas correlações variando de moderada a alta entre as ADMs torácicas e lombares com os índices dessas regiões. A comparação entre os sexos demonstrou que os meninos possuem maiores valores de ADM de flexão lombar enquanto as meninas possuem maiores valores de ADM de flexão torácica. Não é possível afirmar que o ângulo de Cobb de cifose e lordose está relacionado com a flexibilidade da coluna vertebral, no entanto, os índices dessas regiões parecem ser um bom indicativo da flexibilidade.
INFLUÊNCIAS DO CICLO MENSTRUAL NA PERFORMANCE DE ATLETAS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Neis Clémersom , Pizzi Juliana
Published: April 2018

A participação das mulheres nos esportes de alto rendimento vem crescendo, porém a literatura ainda é escassa em relação à influência dos aspectos hormonais e o ciclo menstrual (CM) na performance física. Dessa forma o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar a influência do CM na performance de atletas por meio de uma pesquisa de revisão da literatura, utilizando duas bases de dados (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde-Bireme e Scientific Electronic Library Online-Scielo) e as seguintes palavras-chave (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde-DECS): “ciclo menstrual”, “ciclo ovariano”, “ciclo endometrial”, “atletas”, na língua portuguesa e disponível para leitura na íntegra entre e setembro de 2016. Foram encontrados seis artigos após a busca. Em relação aos artigos que relataram a fase específica do CM, quatro artigos avaliaram a correlação de Síndrome Pré-Menstrual (SPM) com o desempenho em atletas durante a fase pré-menstrual, um artigo estudou a variação hormonal nas diferentes fases do CM e outro artigo especificou as disfunções menstruais (oligomenorreia e amenorreia) relacionadas ao treinamento. Constatou-se que o CM interfere no sistema hormonal e em sintomas físicos e emocionais relatados pelas atletas, principalmente na fase pré-menstrual, podendo causar a SPM, e com impacto no desempenho físico.
PLANEJAMENTO REPRODUTIVO NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: ESTUDO QUALITATIVO SOBRE A DINÂMICA DO ATENDIMENTO E OS DESAFIOS DO PROGRAMA
Authors: Bezerra Ediana de Jesus , Almeida Tatiane Santos Couto , Passos Núbia Cristina Rocha , Paz Camila Torres , Borges-Paluch Larissa Rolim
Published: April 2018

O estudo objetivou analisar a dinâmica do atendimento e desafios em planejamento reprodutivo desenvolvido na Estratégia Saúde da Família em município do Recôncavo Baiano. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, aplicado a seis enfermeiras e doze usuárias. As atividades desenvolvidas revelam a existência de ações de assistência e de educação em saúde, porém não há grupos formais nem planejamento sistematizado para as atividades educativas. As Unidades disponibilizam os principais métodos contraceptivos, mas em quantidade não compatíveis com a realidade local, podendo acarretar em descontinuidade da assistência. Os desafios enfrentados no programa relacionam-se à oferta dos métodos, à baixa adesão do público jovem, (des)uso do preservativo para evitar as infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e baixo nível educacional das usuárias. É indiscutível a necessidade de implementação de ações pelos gestores de saúde, com o intuito de garantir a disponibilidade e variedade dos métodos contraceptivos, visando melhor qualidade na assistência em planejamento reprodutivo.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE PAKEM TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMK PGRI MEJAYAN PADA MATA PELAJARAN ALAT UKUR ELEKTRONIKA
Authors: Hariwibowo Agus , Kristiawan Dony
Published: April 2018

Terkait dengan mutu pendidikan, khususnya SMK saat ini kurang memuaskan dalam artian mereka banyak yang belum siap untuk memasuki dunia kerja. Hal ini disebabkan karena nilai kompetensi mereka banyak yang berada pada batas minimal. Siswa SMK lebih suka praktek dibandingkan dengan belajar teori, pada saat belajar teori banyak siswa yang malas ataupun cepat bosan. Melihat kondisi tersebut dirasa perlu mengambil langkah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, salah satunya adalah menggunakan metode Pembelajaran Aktif Kreatif Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Dengan memakai metode tersebut diharapkan siswa akan memiliki minat dan semangat untuk belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui
keberhasilan penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan
Menyenangkan (PAKEM) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran alat ukur elektronika siswa kelas X SMK PGRI Mejayan Caruban. Penelitian ini
dilaksanakan di SMK PGRI Mejayan Caruban. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMK PGRI Mejayan Caruban dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 30 orang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah tindakan kelas (classroom action research), dengan tahapantahapan setiap siklus meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan,
pengamatan, dan refleksi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data prestasi belajar siswa yang dikumpulkan dengan teknik tes serta data keaktifan belajar siswa yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada prasiklus, siswa yang telah tuntas belajar adalah sebesar 26,67%, siklus I sebesar 70%, dan siklus II meningkat menjadi 96,67%. Hal ini berarti telah tercapai ketuntasan belajar dengan peningkatan sebesar 70%. Begitu juga untuk keaktifan siswa, jika pada pra siklus hanya mencapai 46,74%, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 70% dan pada siklus II telah mencapai indikator ketuntasan menjadi 90%. Selama pra siklus hingga siklus II, keaktifan siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 43,26%. Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian serta pembahasan, dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan strategi Pembelajaran Aktif, Kreatif, Efektif dan Menyenangkan (PAKEM) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran alat ukur elektronika siswa kelas X SMK PGRI Mejayan Caruban.
STUDI KOMPARATIF MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBING-PROMPTING DAN STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING (SFAE) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA TEKNIK DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS BERPIKIR MAHASISWA TEKNIK INFORMATIKA, STT DHARMA ISWARA MADIUN
Authors: Kartikawati Sulistyaning
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, (1) perbedaan pengaruh model pembelajaran probing-prompting dan model pembelajaran student facilitator and explaining (SFAE) terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik, (2) perbedaan pengaruh kreativitas berpikir tinggi  dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik, (3) interaksi antara model pembelajaran probing-prompting dan model pembelajaran student facilitator and explaining (SFAE) dengan kreativitas berpikir  terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Program Studi Teknik Informatika STT Dharma Iswara Madiun. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Pada penelitian ini yang menjadi sampel adalah dua kelas yaitu kelas 2A dengan jumlah 18 mahasiswa sebagai kelas eksperimen I dan kelas 2B dengan jumlah 16 mahasiswa sebagai kelas eksperimen II. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kreativitas berpikir untuk mengukur kreativitas berpikir mahasiswa sedangkan hasil belajar diperoleh dari quiz dengan menggunakan soal tes kognitif. Analisis data meliputi analisis deskriptif dan analisis inferensial. Analisis deskriptif dilakukan dengan menyajikan data melalui tabel distribusi frekuensi dan histogram, sedangkan analisis inferensial digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Uji prasyarat analisis menggunakan metode Liliefors, untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji anava dua jalan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan taraf signifikan 5%  menunjukkan bahwa: 1) tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh model Probing-Prompting dan Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik; 2) tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh kreativitas mahasiswa tinggi dan rendah terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik; 3) tidak ada interaksi antara model pembelajaran Probing-Prompting dan student facilitator and explaining dengan kreativitas mahasiswa terhadap hasil belajar fisika teknik.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH TEORI MEDAN
Authors: Prastyaningrum Ihtiari , Imansari Nurulita
Published: April 2018

Pendidikan merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Berbagai jenis pendidikan baik formal maupun non formal telah banyak dikembangkan guna meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan manusia. Pengembangan lembaga pendidikan tersebut tidak terlepas dari peran pendidik dan kemampuannya untuk menyampaikan materi didukung dengan media pembelajaran yang interaktif. Salah satu media pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah modul. Pada kuliah teori medan modul pembelajaran sangat diperlukan untuk membantu mahasiswa memahami materi, karena materi pada mata kuliah ini cenderung bersifat abstrak, banyak persamaan matematis yang sulit dipahami. Hasil uji validasi pada modul mencapai 83,23 %. Hasil analisis perhitungan angket respon mahasiswa mempunyai rata-rata 81,23%. Hasil belajar mahasiswa juga mngalami peningkatan. Dari kesimpulan tersebut maka modul teori medan ini dikatan layak untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran untuk mata kuliah teori medan di Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Elektro IKIP PGRI Madiun. Dengan adanya modul teori medan, diharapkan situasi proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih kondusif dan hasil evaluasi yang diperoleh mahasiswa dapat mencapai rata-rata.
Rancang Bangun Pengendalian Lampu Otomatis Berbasis Arduino UNO Sebagai Alat Peraga Pembelajaran IPA Rangkaian Seri Paralel
Authors: Susanto Rudi , Pradana Afu Ichsan , Setiawan M. Qurdi Ari
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan prototype alat peraga pembelajaran IPA rangkaian seri paralel. Prototype dikembangkan dengan kombinasi smartphone android, Arduino Uno, Modul Relay 4 Channel, Modul Bluetooth HC-05, Kabel Jumper, Piting, Lampu dan Arduino Sketch serta aplikasi Arduino Bluetooth. Tahapan pengembangan meliputi analisis, perancangan, pembuatan dan pengujian. Hasil penelitian ini adalah alat peraga rangkaian seri dan parallel dari pengendalian lampu otomatis berbasis Arduino Uno. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa nyala lampu bisa dikontrol dengan smartphone dan sesuai dengan tombol pada aplikasi yang digunakan untuk menyalakan rangkaian seri dan paralel. Hasil nyala lampu yang dirangkai secara paralel lebih terang dibandingkan nyala lampu yang dipasang secara seri. Pada rangkaian seri lampu dinyala secara bersamaan sedangkan pada rangkaian paralel dinyala secara bergantian. Dari hasil tersebut konsep rangkaian listrik seri dan  paralel dapat diformulasikan.
Implementasi Sensor Fusion untuk Peningkatan Akurasi Sensor GPS
Authors: Nugroho T. A. , Hutagalung M. , Susantio M. A. , Jeremias V. , Yonata Y.
Published: April 2018

Pada sektor transportasi dan stasiun pemantau cuaca, GPS (Global Positioning System) memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangannya. GPS seringkali mengalami kendala hilangnya sinyal atau gangguan luar lainnya, seperti cuaca buruk atau sinyal GPS yang tertahan pada lapisan atmosfer. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu perangkat lain atau sensor untuk mendukung kinerja GPS. Dengan adanya sensor gyroscope dan accelerometer diharapkan dapat memperbaiki kinerja GPS dan dapat menggantikan GPS sementara apabila GPS mengalami gangguan. Pemodelan dan perancangan sebuah sensor fusion diperlukan untuk membantu kinerja dan meningkatkan akurasi GPS dalam membaca suatu posisi dan kecepatan. Implementasi sensor fusion tersebut akan memudahkan para pengguna GPS, terutama untuk navigasi agar lokasi dan kecepatan yang didapatkan lebih akurat
Desain Media Pembelajaran Sistem Kontrol Elektropneumatik Berbasis Programmable Logic Controller
Authors: Yahya Wachid
Published: April 2018

Sistem kontrol elektropneumatik telah banyak digunakan dalam menunjang pekerjaan di dunia industri,perkembangan teknologi ini harus segera direspons oleh dosen pada perguruan tinggi vokasi yang memiliki peran sebagai pencetak calon tenaga ahli siap kerjauntuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menguji kelayakan desain media pembelajaran sistem kontrol elektropneumatik berbasis programmable logic controller, (2) mendeskripsikan respons mahasiswa dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran sistem kontrol elektropneumatik berbasis programmable logic controller dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan Research and Development (R&D) dengan melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu tahap analisis potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan data, desain produk, validasi desain, revisi desain, uji coba produk, revisi produk, dan uji coba pemakaian. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar validasi ahli yang diberikan oleh 3 orang ahli dan angket respons yang diperoleh dari mahasiswa. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) desain pembelajaran sistem kontrol elektropneumatik berbasis programmable logic controller mendapatkan nilai validasi yang diberikan oleh para ahli dengan rata-rata nilai 3,51 sehingga menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran dalam kategori baik dan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, (2) respons mahasiswa dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran sistem kontrol elektropneumatik berbasis programmable logic controller dalam kegiatan pembelajaran diperoleh nilai persentase 84,34%mahasiswa memberikan respons menarik, dengan demikian hasil respons mahasiswa termasuk dalam kategori baik.
Perancangan Software Aplikasi Berbasis Android untuk Menghitung Variabel Fisika Listrik dan Magnet
Authors: Mariko Selli , Andri Andri
Published: April 2018

Sistem  operasi  pada  sebuah  smartphone  sangat  mempengaruhi
kinerjanya.  Android  merupakan  sistem  operasi  yang  banyak  digemari  dan
disematkan pada smartphone. Berbagai kelebihan serta fitur yang ditawarkan
seperti: koneksi jaringan internet, multimedia dan keunggulan lainya membuat
jumlah pengguna android sangat banyak. Banyak aplikasi yang dikembangkan
untuk  mendukung  dunia  pendidikan  khususnya  dalam  bidang  fisika.Mata
pelajaran  maupun  mata  kuliah  fisika  seringkali  dianggap  sulit  oleh  siswa
sekolah  dan  mahasiswa  tingkat  awal.  Tidak  hanya  siswa,  tetapi  juga
masyarakat  umum  memiliki  interpretasi  yang  sama  terhadap  mata  pelajaran
fisika. Hal  ini  dikarenakan  fisika selalu  berhubungan dengan rumus – rumus
matematis  kemudian  diikuti  dengan  perhitungan  yang  sulit.Oleh  karena  itu
peneliti menawarkan sebuah produk penelitian yang dapat menjadi solusi atas
masalah  tersebut  yaitu  software  aplikasi  berbasis  android  untuk  menghitung
variabel fisika listrik magnet.Permasalahan fisika pada kajian ini dibatasi pada
materi yang berhubungan dengan listrik magnet.Sebagai bahan kelayakan, pada
aplikasi  yang  dirancang  untuk  dapat  digunakan  oleh  user/pengguna  maka
aplikasi tersebut sudah tervalidasi dan lolos uji coba kelayakannya.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOTAL PHENOLICS CONTENTS, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENTS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN DIFFERENT VEGETABLES IN HUE
Authors: Nguyen Khanh Thuy Linh , Dao Thi Hang , Le Nhat Quynh , Pham Thi Hien Thu , Nguyen Huu Tien
Published: April 2018

The increasing interest in powerful biological activity of plant phenolics and flavonoids outlined the necessity of determining their contents in vegetables. The study comprised 10 vegetable species commonly consumed in Hue. The total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The content of total flavonoids was measured also spectrophotometrically by using the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Antioxidant activity of extracts were expressed as IC50 values (µg/ml). Values in IC50 ranged from 2.08 to 51.06. The total phenolic content ranged from 3.18 ± 0.03 to 11.87 ± 0.06 (mg/g) of dry weight of extract expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoid concentrations varied from 2.33 ± 0.03 to 19.47 ± 0.21 (mg/g), expressed as quercetin equivalents.
Thermokinetic study of the formation of carbon monoxide in the dimerization of isocyanic acid
Authors: Tho Nguyen Huu , Tri Nguyen Huu
Published: April 2018

The mechanism of the dimerization of HNCO was investigated using the ab initio method. The barrier heights, reaction energies and geometrical parameters of the reactants, products, intermediates and transition state were studied. It was found that there are possibly three reaction channels. The B3LYP 6-311++G(3df,2p)//CCSD(T) 6-311++G(d,p) calculated barriers show that reaction of  formation of four-membered ring O=CNHNHC=O is more favorable than formations of CO2 or CO. The reaction pathway of the formation of carbon monoxide from the dimerization of isocyanic acid is a new pathway. Its rate constant is very small, k = 2.62´ 10-19 cm3/molecule/s at 2500K, 1atm, which  is about 2000 times as small as rate constant of formation CO from a bimolecular mechanism of HNCO with Ar.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome: a curse to young women’s
Authors: Srivastava Noopur , Singh Shashi Pratap , Shukla Anurag , Gupta Kanchan Lata
Published: April 2018

The endocrine system is the group of glands that secrete hormone directly into the circulatory system moves towards distant target organs and affects them. This system release hormones that help control many important body functions. Dysfunctioning in the endocrine system may develop many disorders like diabetes, thyroid, growth disorders and sexual dysfunction. Poly cystic ovarian syndrome is one of the common endocrine disorder. PCOS is a common condition that causes a range of symptoms including irregular periods, unwanted hair growth, acne and weight problems. Increased circulating levels of testosterone can be considered as the major cause of development of polycystic ovarian syndrome. It is a male hormone, but women’s bodies make it too. Higher than normal testosterone level, makes women to experience PCOS. The physicians target on regular menstruation. In order to maintain the regular periods physicians basically administer Estrogen and Progesterone injection. Metformin is used during PCOS to treat insulin resistance developed in those women. Insulin resistance means that their bodies do not respond well to the hormone insulin that controls blood sugar levels. This causes blood sugar level to rise and this may lead to greater production of testosterone. Corticosteroids, vitamins, contraceptives pills are also prescribed for symptomatic treatment of PCOS. Changing of lifestyles may greatly help in management of poly cystic ovarian disorder. Regular exercise and weight management is the key for complete treatment of PCOS. This review contains all the information regarding PCOS.
Molecular structure, HOMO, LUMO, MEP, natural bond orbital analysis of benzo and anthraquinodimethane derivatives
Authors: Abbaz Tahar , Bendjeddou Amel , Villemin Didier
Published: April 2018

Objective: Optimized molecular structures have been investigated by DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. Stability of Benzo and anthraquinodimethane derivatives 1-4, hyperconjugative interactions, charge delocalization and intramolecular hydrogen bond has been analyzed by using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Electronic structures were discussed and the relocation of the electron density was determined. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), local density functional descriptors has been studied. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were also investigated. In addition, frontier molecular orbitals analyses have been performed from the optimized geometries. An ionization potential (I), electron afﬁnity (A), electrophilicity index (ω), chemical potential (µ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and softness (S), have been investigated. All the above calculations are made by the method mentioned above.Methods: The most stable optimized geometries obtained from DFT/B3LYP method with 6-31G(d,p) basis set were investigated for the study of molecular structures, nonlinear properties, natural bond orbital (NBO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbital of Benzo and anthraquinodimethane derivatives.Results: Reactive sites of electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks for the investigated molecule were predicted using MEP at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p). Compound 4 possesses higher electronegativity value than all compounds so; it is the best electron acceptor; the more reactive sites for electrophilic attacks are shown in compounds 1 and 4, for nucleophilic attacks are indicated in compounds 2 and 3 and the more reactive sites in radical attacks are detected in compounds 2 and 4.Conclusions: Compound 1 is softest, best electron donor and more reactive than all compounds. The calculated ﬁrst order hyperpolarizability was found much lesser than reported in literature for urea.
KARAKTER PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL PERAHU KERTAS KARYA DEWI LESTARI (TINJAUAN FEMINISME SIMON DE BEAUVOIR).
Authors: AZIS SITTI AIDA
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe research aimed to describe the female character (Kuggy) in “Perahu Kertas “ novel wrote Dewi Lestari. The benefit of this study was expected to enrich the wealth of knowledge, especially in the field of study Indonesian language and literature. The data in this study were words, sentences, and phrases that impling the female character in the Perahu Kertas Novel, whereas the source of the data in this study was Perahu Kertas Novel wrote Dewi Lestari work. Methods of study used literature review. Data collection techniques in this study, namely the descriptive analysis of literary works (in the form of documents) or books related literature discussed in the focus of research. The data analysis technique used to classify data that strengthens the research. The study was invented female characters in the Perahu Kertas Novel wrote Dewi Lestari.Key words: Woman, independent, creative, unique AbstrakPeneitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan karakter perempuan( Kuggy)dalam novel Perahu Kertas karya Dewi Lestari. Manfaat penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya khazanah ilmu pengetahuan, khususnya dalam bidang studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah kata, kalimat, ungkapan yang mengandung makna karakter perempuan dalam novel Perahu Kertas, sedangkan yang menjadi sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Perahu Kertas karya Dewi Lestari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan kajian pustaka. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini, yaitu teknik analisis  deskriptif karya sastra (dalam bentuk dokumen) atau buku-buku sastra yang berkaitan dengan fokus yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah mengklasifikasi data-data yang memperkuat hasil penelitian. Dengan begitu, ditemukanlah karakter perempuan dalam novel Perahu Kertas karya Dewi Lestari meliputi hal seperti: mandiri, kreatif, unik.Kata kunci: perempuan, mandiri, kreatif, unik.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI DENGAN TEKNIK AKROSTIK MELALUI METODE GALLERY OF LEARNING (GALERI BELAJAR)SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 3 BONTONOMPO KABUPATEN GOWA.
Authors: Paida Andi
Published: April 2018

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis puisi dengan dengan teknik akrostik pada siswa kelasVII SMPN 3 Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowa. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kulitatif.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (Class Action Reaserch) yang terdiri dari dua siklus dimana dua siklus dilaksanakan sebanyak dua kali pertemuan. Prosedur penelitian meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Setting penelitiandilaksankan diSMPN 3 Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowa, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelasVII SMPN 3 Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowasebanyak 30 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada siklus pertama yang tuntas secara individual dari 33 siswa hanya 2 siswa dengan persentase 6,06% yang memenuhi ketuntasan kriteria minimal (KKM) atau berada pada kategori rendah. Secara klasikal belum terpenuhi karena nilai rata-rata diperoleh sebesar 59,18%%. Sedangkan pada siklus II dimana dari 33 siswa dengan persentase 100% dan telah memenuhi KKM dan secara klasikal sudah terpenuhi yaitu nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 77,54% atau berada pada kategori tinggi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut diatas, dapat disimpulkan keterampilan menulis puisi dengan teknik akrostik pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 3 Bontonompo Kabupaten Gowamelalui metode gallery of learning mengalami peningkatan. Kata Kunci : Hasil Belajar, Keterampilan Menulis Puisi dan Metode Gallery Of Learning ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to improve the students’ writing poem skill with acrostic technique at students’ class VII SMPN 3 Bontonompo Gowa. The research was Class Action Research consisting of two cycles where two cycles of meetings held twice. Research procedure were includes planning, action, observation and reflection. The Setting was done at SMPN 3 Bontonompo Gowa, the subjects in this study were students of SMPN 3 Bontonompo class VII Gowa which consisted of 30 students. The results showed that in the first cycle were completed individually from 33 students’ only two students with a percentage of 6.06% which meets the minimal completeness criteria (KKM) or are in the low category. Classically had not been met because the average value obtained was 59.18 %%. While on the second cycle were 33 students with a percentage of 100% and has met KKM and classically been met and that the average value obtained for 77.54%, or higher category. Based the research results mentioned above, it could be concluded the students’ skills to write poetry with acrostic techniques in class VII SMPN 3 Bontonompo District Gowa gallery of learning method of learning has increased.Key Words: writing poem skill, gallery of learning method
RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS PRINCÍPIOS DO MÍNIMO EXISTENCIAL E A RESERVA DO POSSÍVEL E OS INSTRUMENTOS DE CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE DO AR
Authors: Bizawu Sebastien Kiwonghi , Moreira Renan Lucio
Published: April 2018

O presente trabalho tem por finalidade analisar a degradação da qualidade do ar nos grandes centros urbanos ocasionado pela continua emissão de gases e partículas poluentes na atmosfera devido o aumento de circulação de veículos automotores e atividades antrópicas do cotidiano, que afetam diretamente a saúde humana acarretando graves doenças crônicas do sistema respiratório. Pretende-se analisar o dever do Estado de promover políticas públicas que visem a redução dos riscos à saúde sobre a ótica dos princípios do mínimo existencial e reserva do possível, tendo em foco os instrumentos de proteção e monitoramento da qualidade do ar estabelecido pelas resoluções 005/1989 e 003/1990 do CONAMA, utilizando-se como metodologia de pesquisa o método indutivo.
Boşanma Sonrası Başa Çıkmada Dini ve Manevi Etkilerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Baynal Fatma
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, boşanma sonrasında başa
çıkmada dini ve manevi etkilerin rolünü araştırmaktır. Makalede bireylerin
kişilik özellikleri ve boşanma  sonrasındaki kullanılan başa çıkma
stratejileri; dini başa çıkma açısından incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Nitel
araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik araştırma deseni; veri toplama
araçlarından ise yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak yapılan araştırmanın
çalışma alanını İstanbul ilinde yaşayan katılımcılar oluşturmaktadır. Kadın ve
erkek katılımcılardan onar kişi olmak üzere yirmi kişi ile görüşme yapılmıştır.
Araştırmada katılımcılara boşanma sonrasında yaşadıkları maddi ve manevi
problemler ile ilgili sorular yöneltilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre evlenme
kriterlerinde duygusal nedenler ön planda olmakla birlikte dindarlığın etkili
olduğu; boşanma nedeni olarak aldatma, ilgisizlik, iletişimsizlik, sorumsuzluk
ve ekonomik nedenler ile ilgili problemlerin ilk sıralarda yer aldığı
görülmüştür. Boşanma sonrasında maddi ve manevi problemler yaşayan katılımcılar
başa çıkma stillerinden ağırlıklı olarak aile ve arkadaş desteğine
başvurmuşlardır. Ayrıca katılımcıların dini başa çıkma stillerine başvurduğu;
genel olarak en fazla dua ettikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca katılımcılar eski
eşlerini affetmemekle birlikte yaptıkları haksızlıkların hesabını vereceklerine
inanmaktadırlar
Regional Archival Fonds on the Establishment of Police Service in the Kursk Gubernia
Authors:   South-West State University, Kursk, Russian Federation, Korovin Vladimir V.
Published: April 2018

Effective functioning of law enforcement is one of key factors ensuring needs of person, society, and state and forming a physically secure environment for human life and activities. The efficiency of modern reforms of national law enforcement largely depends on integration of the accumulated experience of its discharge of functions. Therefore, studying the evolution of the Russian police service, especially at a regional level, has great significance. The least studied period is that of the establishment and organization of police service in subnational entities. Introduction of the documentary sources from regional archives into scientific use allows to fill the gap in studying the patterns of emerging legal status of police officials and their functional responsibilities throughout the gubernias of the Russian Empire during the 18th century. The article draws on materials from the State Archive of the Kursk Region, it assesses fonds and documents containing data on the efforts of central and local authorities to recruit staff and streamline the activities of institutions that discharged police functions, while the provincial government was being established. The article focuses on the regulation of status of rural police officers who were to enforce law compliance in the Kursk gubernia (which was mostly agrarian) and who were guarantors of rights and legitimate interests of the population. The sources show the spectrum of organizational and personnel problems faced by the local police in the performance of their official tasks. The author registers social significance of policing on voluntary basis. The materials reviewed in the article may be of use for writing general history of police and for further research of the subject.
‘It Is Necessary to Find a Way Out Soon, or the Russian People Shall Be Destroyed’: A ‘Plain-Speaking Petition’ to Authority of a Kozelsk Citizen in March 1919
Authors:   K. E. Tsiolkovsky Kaluga State University, Kaluga, Russian Federation, Belova Irina B.
Published: April 2018

The article studies the letter to authority that originated in the Kaluga gubernia, in which a man signed Roshchin expressed his extreme concern about the way the government policy of building a new life was implemented. The Kozelsk citizen resolved to write his ‘plain-speaking petition’ in March 1919, believing that the very life of the Russian people was under the threat. He considered it his duty to report to Moscow about ‘sinful and harmful’ doings in the uezd. He thought that uneducated, ignorant, and experienced leaders of socialism builders were unfit for authority. The peasant youths were bent on destruction of all things, that took centuries evolve, and yet had no clue about socialism. The new authority felt no need in seasoned professionals or skilled managers, its only interest was in making self-profit in troubled waters. Its activities in the sphere of trade and agriculture caused shortages or total unavailability of food and essential goods for local population. Under the new regime in education with its antireligious policy, schools resembled taverns where the songs, dances, and vulgar expressions could be heard all day long. Roshchin noted that health services were deplorable and starvation increased death rate daily. He had no faith in methods of economic management, he observed from the inside, and awaited a deadlock. Thinking over all facts stated in the letter leads to the conclusion that it was written by a passionate and active citizen, who involuntary witnessed and experienced the plight of the early days of the Bolshevik regime: hunger, cold, epidemics, heavy mortality, and total economic disorganization. Seeing ignorance, incompetence, and lack of ability in local leaders, party nominees from rural youth, who, he believed, were unfit to manage and had no good qualities, Roshchin feared to entrust them with his life and future and, seeing no other way, pleaded with the central government to take measures and save the nation. The letter sums up the most crucial drawbacks of the Bolshevik inner policy.
Sociological Surveys in the Gorky Region as a Tool for Studying Social and Political Attitudes of the Citizens in the Days of Perestroika: Material from the Archives of the Gorky Region
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Construction, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Gordin Alexey A. , Gordina Elena D. ,   R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
Published: April 2018

Drawing on new archival material from the fonds of the State Social and Political Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Region that is being thus introduced into scientific use, the article analyzes the formation of socio-political attitudes of the Soviet citizens in the days of Perestroika (1987-1989) in a case-study of the Gorky Region. Data of three sociological surveys conducted in order to study public opinion and activism and to group citizens according to their political views is presented and summarized. The surveys findings allow to identify several specific features of the process of socio-political self-definition. The level of political astuteness was insufficient, only a small percent of citizens (about a quarter of respondents) were able to identify their political beliefs. In 1987-1989, amid the sweeping changes, people faced declining living standards, unpredictable economic processes; they lost their focus and felt anxiety and confusion and had little thought to spare to political self-definition. Socioeconomically, data presented in the article demonstrates strong social anxiety among citizens, who were striving (first and foremost) for socio-economic stability and predictability; it shows deterioration of living conditions, decline of living standards, and dim outlook. The data of the surveys conducted by the Gorky sociologists in 1987-1989 is undoubtedly a valuable source, allowing to reconstruct the formation of public opinion and political attitudes of the Gorky region citizens in the days of Perestroika. The number of respondents is deemed sufficient to arrive at results reflecting the reaction of population to the Perestroika process in the Gorky region (453 Gorky residents and 264 regional residents took one of the surveys) and judge them typical for the era.
Monitoring Law Enforcement in Archival Legislation for Legal Loop-Holes: A Case-Study of the Activities of the Archival Agency of the Kurgan Region
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Kurgan, Russian Federation, Kulinich Aleksandr I. , Sorogin Evgeniy I. ,   Press, Media, and Archives Directorate for the Kurgan Region, Kurgan, Russian Federation
Published: April 2018

The authors study legal loop-holes in the archival legislation. As it is impossible to analyze the whole of archival legislation, including regional laws and regulations of all subjects of Russia, the article focuses on the Federal law. It draws on practices of the Archival Agency of the Kurgan Region and addresses practical concerns. It analyzes inconsistencies and legal loop-holes in implementation of following three laws: the Federal law of October 22, 2004 no. 125-FZ ‘On archiving in the Russian Federation,’ the Federal law of 26 December, 2008 no. 294-FZ ‘On protection of rights of legal persons and self-employed entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control,’ and the Federal law of April 5, 2013 no. 44-FZ ‘On contract systems in the sphere of procurement of goods, works and services for provisioning governmental and municipal needs.’ The study has identified the following legal loop-holes and inconsistencies: (1) There is a legal loop-hole in implementation of the control function. No clear demarcation of jurisdictions of the Russian Federation and those of the subjects of the Russian Federation is provided in Federal laws no. 294-FZ and no. 125-FZ; (2) There is a contradiction between Federal laws no. 125-FZ and no. 44-FZ. In case of winding-up of a state procurement agency and transferring its powers to a government agency, documents on primary activity are to be filed in a state archive and also to remain in the new government agency; (3) Lack of uniform and federally approved methodology for division of ownership of archival documents between municipalities and subjects of the Russian Federation result in similar documents falling under different forms of ownership in different regions; (4) Lack of regulatory framework in acquisition and transfer of e-documents to state archives hinders introduction of a full-featured e-document interchange between state authorities. The authors contend that these legal loop-holes and inconsistencies should be corrected.
The Meaning of the Term ‘Reconstruction of the Archival Fond’ in the Russian Historiography
Authors:   Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lapteva Tatiana N.
Published: April 2018

The article reviews Russian scholarship on reconstruction of documentary complexes. The author traces changes in the conception of ‘reconstruction of the archival fond’ and identifies its basic characteristics. The term ‘reconstruction of the archival fond’ first appeared in 1950s in two meanings: (1) scientific study in order to establish documents composition of lost medieval archives; (2) reunification of segmented fonds in a single archive. In the late 1990s – early 2000s, the term ‘reconstruction’ was redefined as document description of fragmented documentary complexes without the purpose of their reunification. The documentary complexes may have been fragmented both before and after the formation of the archival fond. The object of the reconstruction is not in the documents, but in the information they contained. Documents are selected according to fond provenance (they were to proceed from the same creator) or office of origin. Thus, the term ‘reconstruction’ grows closer to the concept of archival fond arrangement in the sense of linking documents to creators or offices of origin and also defining chronology of the fond. Practical significance of the reconstruction consists in addressing problems of archival heuristics. The reconstruction includes studying of history of the fond creator, ascertaining places of storage of all fond parts, establishing links between its documents, identifying the nature of the document flow, correcting errors in description, detecting duplicate and absorbed information. Product of the reconstruction of an institution archival fond is called ‘documentary fond,’ while product of the reconstruction of a personal provenance fond is called ‘archive of a person.’ The reconstruction produces a representation of a documents complex, as if it was complete and undivided; the representation itself may be a scientific text (a fond description) or a catalog (a series). Currently, the concept of the reconstruction of the fond is regarded in the context of the development of the archives’ digital resources and implies a reunification of fragmented archival fonds or creation of new ones by posting digital copies of documents on the same Internet site.
‘A Russian revolt, senseless and merciless...’: The 100th anniversary of 1917 revolution in Russia
Authors:   I. A. Bunin Yelets State University, Yelets, Russian Federation, Zhirov Nikolai A.
Published: April 2018

On September, 21-23, the I.A. Bunin Yelets State University, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFFI), held an All-Russian scientific conference ‘In the time of change: Revolt, insurrection, and revolution in the Russian periphery in the 17th – early 20th centuries’. Scientists from various Russian regions participated in its work. The conference organizers focused on social conflicts in the Russian periphery. The first series of reports addressed the Age of Rebellions in the Russian history. They considered the role and the place of the service class people in anti-government revolts. Some scientists stressed the effect of official state policy on the revolutionary mood of the people. Some reports paid attention to jurisdictions and activities of the general police in the 19th – early 20th century and those of the Provisional Government militia. Other reports analyzed the participation of persons of non-peasant origin in the revolutionary events. They studied the effect of the revolutionary events on the mood and behavior of local people and the ways of solving conflicts between the authorities and the society. Most numerous series of reports were devoted to social conflicts in the Russian village at the turn of the 20th century, studied forms and ways of peasants' struggle against the extortionate cost of the emancipation, and offered a periodization of peasants' uprisings. The researchers stressed that peasants remained politically unmotivated; analysis of their relations with authorities shows that they were predominantly conservative and not prone to incitement to against monarchy. Some questions of source studies and methodology of studying the revolution and the preceding period were raised. Most researches used interdisciplinary methods, popular in modern humanities and historical science.
‘Despite My Aversion for the Knack Writing, I Wished to Leave a Verbatim Record of My Conversations with the Minister for Future Readers.’ Letters of M. I. Kazi, Director of the Baltic Works
Authors:   Soviet Union fleet admiral N.G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Kovalevsky Denis G. , Tverdyukova Elena D. ,   Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: April 2018

The article studies materials on armored shipbuilding in Russia in the late 19th century. The source base of the study is unpublished letters of the Director of the Baltic Works (Baltic Ironworks, Shipyard and Engineering Works) M. I. Kazi addressed to a retired official of the naval department A. E. Konkevich, who wrote articles about the Navy under the name A. E. Belomor. M. I. Kazi held the post from 1877 to 1894. Kazi’s letters related his activities in 1893 and delivered his opinion on the forthcoming reform of Admiralty factories, and particularly on the idea of merging the administration of the Baltic Shipbuilding and Mechanical Plant with that of the Obukhov Steel Mill. Kazi debated the project of the ‘Regulation on the Management of Works of the Ministry of the Navy,’ on the basis of which the merger of the administrations was to proceed. Apart from his opinions, Kazi’s letters contained fragments of his conversations with Minister of the Navy, Admiral N. M. Chikhachyov, whose ministerial activities he disparaged. The article also introduces a letter from P. P. Tyrtov, head of the Main Directorate for Shipbuilding and Supplies of the Ministry of the Navy, to M. I. Kazi, inducing him to consent to the assignment of the rank of Active Privy Councillor. Kazi’s answer is cited fully, as it characterizes the personality of this extraordinary man, who greatly contributed to the creation of Russian armored cruisers. Letters are indicative of the ways and morals of state officials. They offer a psychological portrayal of a Russian naval officer against the background of building capitalism in Russia. M. I. Kazi’s desire to convey to future generations his opinion on the events he witnessed and participated in, contributed to the motivation of the publishers.
Ataman G.M. Semyonov’s Failed Political Zigzag: August 1920
Authors:   Institute of History, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Shishkin Vladimir. I.
Published: April 2018

The publication introduces into scientific use six unique documents concerning political actions of G. M. Semenov in August 1920 and analyses them. At the time Semyonov was formally Commander-In-Chief of all armed forces and Field Ataman of all Cossack troops of the Russian Eastern outskirts. He presented himself as a successor to Admiral Alexander Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia and Leader of the counter-revolution in the Russian Far East. Documents were deposited in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (fond of the Council of People’s Commissars) and in the State Archives of the Novosibirsk Region (fond of the Siberian Bureau of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and that of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee). Five out of six documents have been classified and unavailable to researchers for decades. The article reviews Soviet and post-Soviet historiography on Semyonov’s biography, military and political activities, noting an abundance of publications of all genres and a great variety of opinions on key issues, and concludes that a further widening of the source base is necessary for an adequate representation of the Ataman as a political actor and to explain ‘the phenomenon of Semyonov’.’ The publication serves this end and shows a surprising side of Semyonov. The documents contain information communicated by Semyonov to the Bolshevik leaders though different channels: on the Ataman’s intent to avoid participation in formation of the Far Eastern Republic, to come over to the Soviets, and even to join the Red Army in order to fight Japan. He explained his shift of stance from anti-Soviet to pro-Soviet as born from his patriotism and inspired by General Aleksei Brusilov’s example. However, these arguments did not deceive the Bolshevik leaders, experienced politicians as they were; they understood that Semyonov’s ‘zigzag’ was brought about by forfeited Japanese support. The reply of the Red Army Leader L. D. Trotsky shattered Semyonov’s illusions: amnesty was only possible if he arrived in Moscow accompanied by the appointees of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee chairman. Semyonov’s initiative prompted Bolshevik leaders to redouble their efforts to combat propaganda in areas controlled by the Ataman. Soviet press and democratic newspapers of the Far East informed the population how the Ataman requested Trotsky to let him join the Red Army, thus tarnishing Semyonov’s reputation. The Ataman’s scam was in vain, and, moreover, put him on the back foot.