bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reversions mask the contribution of adaptive evolution in microbiomes
Authors: Torrillo Paul A , Lieberman Tami D
Published: September 2024

When examining bacterial genomes for evidence of past selection, the results depend heavily on the mutational distance between chosen genomes. Even within a bacterial species, genomes separated by larger mutational distances exhibit stronger evidence of purifying selection as assessed by dN/dS, the normalized ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous mutations. Here, we show that the classical interpretation of this scale dependence, weak purifying selection, leads to problematic mutation accumulation when applied to available gut microbiome data. We propose an alternative, adaptive reversion model with opposite implications for dynamical intuition and applications of dN/dS. Reversions that occur and sweep within-host populations are nearly guaranteed in microbiomes due to large population sizes, short generation times, and variable environments. Using analytical and simulation approaches, we show that adaptive reversion can explain the dN/dS decay given only dozens of locally fluctuating selective pressures, which is realistic in the context of Bacteroides genomes. The success of the adaptive reversion model argues for interpreting low values of dN/dS obtained from long timescales with caution as they may emerge even when adaptive sweeps are frequent. Our work thus inverts the interpretation of an old observation in bacterial evolution, illustrates the potential of mutational reversions to shape genomic landscapes over time, and highlights the importance of studying bacterial genomic evolution on short timescales.
ImmCellTyper facilitates systematic mass cytometry data analysis for deep immune profiling
Authors: Sun Jing , Choy Desmond , Sompairac Nicolas , Jamshidi Shirin , Mishto Michele , Kordasti Shahram
Published: September 2024

Mass cytometry is a cutting-edge high-dimensional technology for profiling marker expression at the single-cell level, advancing clinical research in immune monitoring. Nevertheless, the vast data generated by cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) poses a significant analytical challenge. To address this, we describe ImmCellTyper (https://github.com/JingAnyaSun/ImmCellTyper), a novel toolkit for CyTOF data analysis. This framework incorporates BinaryClust, an in-house developed semi-supervised clustering tool that automatically identifies main cell types. BinaryClust outperforms existing clustering tools in accuracy and speed, as shown in benchmarks with two datasets of approximately 4 million cells, matching the precision of manual gating by human experts. Furthermore, ImmCellTyper offers various visualisation and analytical tools, spanning from quality control to differential analysis, tailored to users’ specific needs for a comprehensive CyTOF data analysis solution. The workflow includes five key steps: (1) batch effect evaluation and correction, (2) data quality control and pre-processing, (3) main cell lineage characterisation and quantification, (4) in-depth investigation of specific cell types; and (5) differential analysis of cell abundance and functional marker expression across study groups. Overall, ImmCellTyper combines expert biological knowledge in a semi-supervised approach to accurately deconvolute well-defined main cell lineages, while maintaining the potential of unsupervised methods to discover novel cell subsets, thus facilitating high-dimensional immune profiling.
Empowering AlphaFold2 for protein conformation selective drug discovery with AlphaFold2-RAVE
Authors: Gu Xinyu , Aranganathan Akashnathan , Tiwary Pratyush
Published: September 2024

Small-molecule drug design hinges on obtaining co-crystallized ligand-protein structures. Despite AlphaFold2’s strides in protein native structure prediction, its focus on apo structures overlooks ligands and associated holo structures. Moreover, designing selective drugs often benefits from the targeting of diverse metastable conformations. Therefore, direct application of AlphaFold2 models in virtual screening and drug discovery remains tentative. Here, we demonstrate an AlphaFold2-based framework combined with all-atom enhanced sampling molecular dynamics and Induced Fit docking, named AF2RAVE-Glide, to conduct computational model-based small-molecule binding of metastable protein kinase conformations, initiated from protein sequences. We demonstrate the AF2RAVE-Glide workflow on three different mammalian protein kinases and their type I and II inhibitors, with special emphasis on binding of known type II kinase inhibitors which target the metastable classical DFG-out state. These states are not easy to sample from AlphaFold2. Here, we demonstrate how with AF2RAVE these metastable conformations can be sampled for different kinases with high enough accuracy to enable subsequent docking of known type II kinase inhibitors with more than 50% success rates across docking calculations. We believe the protocol should be deployable for other kinases and more proteins generally.
Enmienda. Colestasis intrahepática por Treponema pallidum en paciente
inmunocompetente
Authors: Orozco-Sebá Beatriz E. , Viasus Diego , Meléndez Esperanza , Fuentes Jairo , Tovar José , Amado Elkin A. , Loaiza Daniela
Published: September 2024

.
Preservation of Biodiversity and Sustainability of Ecosystem
Authors: Mishra Nibedita , Pradhan Samik Kumar , Patra Santanu Kumar , ChitrasenaPadhy  , KausikPradhan  , Ghosh Sayan
Published: September 2024

Sustainable agriculture and biodiversity have a significant impact on human well-being, ecological resilience, and food security. They are closely related aspects of the future of our planet.It promotes the stability and functioning of ecosystems, providing numerous ecosystem services vital for agriculture, including pollination, pest control, nutrient cycling, and genetic resources for crop breeding. Biodiversity provides ecosystem services strengthening agricultural productivity and resilience. For instance, pollinators like bees and butterflies facilitate the reproduction of many crops, while natural predators help control pest populations, reducing the need for chemical pesticides. Sustainable agriculture, on the other hand, seeks to meet current food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same. However, modern agricultural practices have often led to the degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and the erosion of genetic diversity in crops and livestock. These problems have been exacerbated by deforestation, overuse of agrochemicals, and monocropping. In the long term these practices harm the environment and endanger food security by reducing the system's ability to adapt to changing conditions. Sustainable agricultural practices, by enhancing farming methods such as crop rotation, agroforestry, and organic farming, can support and enhance biodiversity by preserving habitat diversity. Conservation of native species, implementation of agro-ecological practices, and support for small-scale farmers are important steps towards achieving a harmonious coexistence between agriculture and biodiversity. There is a need of collaboration across all sections of society from intergovernmental agreements down to local community action for tackling the biodiversity catastrophe. People may learn more about local ecosystems and develop a greater regard and appreciation for them by reestablishing a connection with nature and inspiring others to do the same. UNDP sustainable development goal-15 aims to protect the biodiversity by sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem.
Study on Sex Determination and Variation in Gender Expression of Individual Trees in a Population of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don. From Dense Temperate Forests of Northern India
Authors: Phular Karuna , Sharma Rajesh , Ginwal H.S.
Published: September 2024

Conifers are reported to exhibit predominantly monoecious behaviour however, numerous species and some genera show uncertainties regarding their gender expression. The factors influencing the sexual differentiation of strobili in monoecious or dioecious conifers remain poorly understood. To investigate this unpredictable phenomenon in conifers, we selected three populations representing pure stands of Cedrus deodara in dense temperate forests of Northern India, specifically one in Uttarakhand and two in Himachal Pradesh. Each site was surveyed, and total 900 trees were marked as male, female, monoecious and neutral trees based on their reproductive behaviour and sexual representation. Selection criteria were based on the reproductive age of Cedrus deodara, as it attains maturity when it reaches a height of 19 to 20 meters. Our findings revealed that Cedrus deodara exhibits subdioecious behaviour, characterized by the occurrence of four basic sex forms such as male trees, female trees, monoecious trees, and neutral trees. Yearly observations from 2014 to 2016 unveiled that Cedrus deodara does not exhibit consistent reproductive behaviour. Instead, the species displays a fascinating pattern of alternation between dioecy and monoecy. Additionally, it was also found that individual trees demonstrated change in their expression of sex during each reproductive cycle. These findings underscore the complexity of sex determination and reproductive plasticity in Cedrus deodara. The study has revealed that the monoecious behaviour was more dominant than the dioecious behaviour, and the individual tree changes its sexual representation depending upon the rate of seed production the previous year. This research pave the way for future investigations into the factors influencing sex expression and reproductive behaviour in conifers and will contribute to our broader knowledge of plant sexuality and plant evolution.
A Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Study to Evaluate Variations in Root Canal Morphology of Mandibular Premolars and Its Relation to Mental Foramen in an Indian Sub-Population
Authors: Darak Devashree , Choudhary Deebah , Shah Nimisha , Batra Renu , Pisal Vinaya , Shah Chandni
Published: September 2024

Aim: Using cone beam computed tomography, the study intends to assess changes in mandibular premolar root canal shape and its link to the mental foramen in the Central Gujarat population.
Study Design: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.
Place and Duration of Study: Between September 2021 and December 2022 the was conducted at the K M Shah Dental College in Vadodara, Gujarat, India, in combination with CBCT facilities in the Central Gujarat area.
Methodology:250 CBCT scans of medium and large FOV were obtained with approval from the institutional ethics committee. The images were analyzed for anatomical differences between the mandibular first and second premolars as well as the position of the mental foramen and how it relates to the mandibular premolars.
Results: The most frequent morphologies in both the premolars were type I, that is 89.6 % and 72% respectively followed by type II 6.4% and 20.8%. Only one 1st Premolar [0.8%] and four 2nd premolars [3.2%] out of 250 were reported with type III Vertucci’s canal configuration. The Prevalence rate of Straight root canals in both premolars was 98.1%. Mental foramen were most frequently found [58%] under the apex of the first premolar.
Conclusion: Type I Vertucci's canal configuration is the most prevalent morphological variation observed in the mandibular premolar population in central Gujarat, followed by type II Vertucci's canal configuration. Additionally, the mental foramen is most frequently found between the apex of premolars and below the apex of the mandibular second premolar.
Evaluating the Impact of ICDP on India’s Coffee Production, Yield, and Exports
Authors: B M Thrilok Belli , M S Jagadeesh , Veershetty  , H C Yogesh , P Neelakantappa , Prashant  , G J. Abhishek
Published: September 2024

The coffee industry plays a pivotal role in India's agricultural sector, contributing significantly to the country's economy and livelihoods. However, the sector has faced challenges such as fluctuating yields, inconsistent production, and varying export quantities, largely due to biotic and abiotic stress factors. In response, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry launched the Integrated Coffee Development Project (ICDP) in 2014, aiming to enhance coffee production, productivity, and quality across both traditional and non-traditional growing regions in India. This research paper evaluates the impact of ICDP on coffee production, yield, and exports in India by analysing data from 2008 to 2022. The study adopts an interrupted time series analysis methodology to assess trends in the area under cultivation, production, yield, and export quantities before and after the ICDP intervention. The study period is divided into pre- and post-intervention phases to quantify the effects of the scheme. The results indicate a mixed impact of the ICDP. Traditional coffee-growing areas showed initial increases in production and yield, followed by declines, while non-traditional areas exhibited smaller but more consistent growth. Exports also experienced a temporary decline post-intervention but later rebounded, though at a slower growth rate. The analysis underscores the complexity of agricultural interventions, suggesting that while the ICDP had positive impacts in certain areas, challenges such as climate variability and pest infestations continue to affect the sector's overall growth. In conclusion, the ICDP has contributed to stabilizing and developing India’s coffee sector, but ongoing efforts are needed to address the underlying challenges hindering sustained progress.
Characterization of Yield, Physiological and Biochemical Responses in Chickpea Genotypes under Contrasting Water Availability
Authors: Shendekar Siddhanath , Kute Nandkumar , Shinde Gorakshnath , Deshmukh Devidas , Kulwal Pawan , Totre Arvind , Wani Vilas
Published: September 2024

Chickpeas are a rich source of protein and essential nutrients, making them a staple in many diets worldwide. They are also drought-tolerant, which makes them a valuable crop for improving food security in arid regions. Thirty chickpea genotypes were evaluated under irrigated and rainfed condition separately Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at Post Graduate Institute Farm, MPKV Rahuri to study yield, physiological and biochemical response for drought tolerance in Rabi 2022-2023.  Analysis of variance observed significant difference among studied genotypes in irrigated and rainfed condition for all the characters studied. Genetic variation exists in diverse chickpea genotypes for bio-physiological, morphological and yield attributing characters which can be explored for genetic improvement. As expected, water stress adversely affected the physiological, biochemical and yield responses of all the chickpea genotypes evaluated. The performance of genotypes Phule G-16318 and Phule G-1420-13-6 was observed to be stable for most of the characters such as Chlorophyll index, membrane stability index, relative water content, photosynthesis rate, proline content under moisture stress condition. Similarly, both the genotypes with minimal reductions in seed yield, 100 seed weight, pod number and biomass plant-1 under rainfed condition, can serve as donors for drought tolerance in chickpea improvement programs.
A Comparative Analysis of Land, Water and Energy Requirements for Hydroponic and Conventional Cultivation of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Singh Anita , P Ashoka, , Nasima  , Tyagi Vikash , Panotra Narinder , Kalpana Kavuri , Mubeen  , Pandey Shivam Kumar
Published: September 2024

The increasing global population and limited availability of arable land have necessitated the development of efficient and sustainable agricultural practices. Hydroponic cultivation has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional soil-based farming, particularly for horticultural crops. This review paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the land, water, and energy requirements for hydroponic and conventional cultivation methods. The study aims to evaluate the sustainability and resource efficiency of these two approaches in the context of horticultural crop production. A thorough literature review was conducted, focusing on peer-reviewed articles, research reports, and case studies that compared hydroponic and conventional cultivation in terms of their resource utilization. The analysis encompassed various horticultural crops, including leafy greens, fruiting vegetables, and herbs. Key parameters such as land use efficiency, water consumption, nutrient management, energy inputs, and yield were examined.
The findings revealed that hydroponic systems exhibited significantly higher land use efficiency compared to conventional farming. Vertical stacking and intensive production in controlled environments allowed for greater crop yields per unit area. Furthermore, hydroponic cultivation demonstrated superior water use efficiency, with recirculating systems reducing water consumption by up to 90% compared to traditional irrigation methods. Precision nutrient management in hydroponics minimized nutrient waste and runoff, contributing to enhanced resource conservation. However, the energy requirements for hydroponic cultivation were found to be higher than those for conventional farming, primarily due to the need for artificial lighting, climate control, and pumping systems. Strategies for optimizing energy efficiency, such as the use of renewable energy sources and energy-efficient equipment, were explored.
Binuclear Families
Authors: Ferraro Anthony J.
Published: March 2016

Family dynamics shift following divorce, and couples sharing children must restructure and redefine their roles and relationships to accommodate the new postdivorce environment. During this time, children structurally move between the separate households established by their parents. They also serve as the link between these separate households. The co‐parental relationship established and maintained by parents can either benefit or harm children as they experience the transitions associated with this change.
Adjustment to Divorce (Children)
Authors: Tabor Jaclyn A.
Published: March 2016

Scholarly research on children's adjustment to divorce has concentrated on the outcomes of divorce on children, the explanations for these outcomes, and policies/interventions to mitigate the negative effects. Empirically, divorce is linked to a number of negative consequences for children, and many of these last into adulthood. However, other research has challenged the notion that all consequences of divorce are negative, emphasizing children's resiliency in the face of family stress. Much research about children and divorce has explored whether there are characteristics that predispose children to negative effects. Other explanations for children's outcomes adopt divorce–stress–adjustment or multiple transition explanations. Research on interventions and policies suggests that children benefit from social and institutional supports provided directly to them or to their custodial parent.
Bundling
Authors: Christ Stephen R.
Published: March 2016

The practice of bundling emerged in conservative communities in colonial North America, as well as in Europe, as a means of facilitating the courting process of an adolescent boy and girl. Based on religious values that reject carnal sins, bundling, or sharing a bed with a prospective spouse while wrapped in cloth, gained popularity among parents wanting to protect the moral character of their children and their family name. Later, the phenomenon emerged as an opportunity for homeowners to earn income. While bundling is mocked in mainstream culture for its conservativeness, the ritual continues to be practiced within Amish communities in North America.
Antipoverty Programs (US)
Authors: Kerstetter Katie
Published: March 2016

This entry comprises a historical review of antipoverty programs in the United States from informal assistance programs during colonial times through the implementation of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. This review demonstrates how US conceptions of poverty and antipoverty programs have evolved over time. Throughout US history, those responsible for designing and implementing income assistance programs have grappled with a series of basic questions about who should be considered poor and what types of assistance should be provided to persons living in poverty. As the nation's population grew, these questions moved from the purview of extended families to local governments and private charities and, finally, to the federal government. Answers to these questions have been influenced by macro trends (e.g., economic recessions, immigration, and processes of industrialization) and by the perceptions of those responsible for creating and implementing policy about who is “worthy” or “deserving” of aid.
Brazil, Families in
Authors: Fitzpatrick Jacki , Garcia Agnaldo
Published: March 2016

Traditionally, Brazil was a collectivistic culture in which the family was the most important collectivistic relationship. Family was not limited to the nuclear unit. Rather, family included multigenerational relatives as well as affiliated kin (close friends). Thus, there was no strong distinction or boundary between nuclear and extended family. Up to the first half of the twentieth century, family members commonly lived in geographically close areas. In addition to their own mothers, children could be supervised by multiple other female relatives. Thus, childrearing was a process shared among extended family members. Since the latter half of the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in Brazilian society and family structures. The country has seen the growth of a modern economy and urbanization. As in other industrialized countries, this modernization has resulted in a greater divide between low‐income and middle‐upper‐income communities. The divide is also reflected in differences in family patterns.
Amish Families
Authors: Miller‐Fellows Sarah , Korbin Jill E. , Greksa Lawrence P.
Published: March 2016

The Old Order Amish are a relatively isolated religious group found in North America, most easily recognized by their horse‐and‐buggy mode of transportation, seventeenth‐century style of dress, and homes without electricity. Amish life is organized around the church and the family. This entry examines features of Amish faith, communities, family life, schooling, adolescence, and transition into adulthood.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C−H Activation: Versatile Routes to meta‐Alkenylated Arenes
Authors: Kumar N. Y. Phani , Bechtoldt Alexander , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2016

Ruthenium(II) bis(carboxylate)s proved highly effective for two decarboxylative C−H alkenylation strategies. The decarboxylation proceeded efficiently at rather low temperatures. The unique versatility of the decarboxylative ruthenium(II) catalysis is reflected in the oxidative olefinations with alkenes as well as the redox‐neutral hydroarylations of alkynes.
Preparation of supported photocatalytic membrane from mesoporous titania spheres for humic acid removal from wastewater
Authors: Leong Sookwan , Low Ze‐Xian , Liu Qi , Hapgood Karen , Zhang Xiwang , Wang Huanting
Published: March 2016

Alumina‐supported titania photocatalytic membrane was prepared by coating of TiO2 spheres to remove humic acid from wastewater via photocatalytic oxidation degradation combined with physical filtration. TiO2 spheres with an average diameter of about 225 nm were synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization of titanium glycolate spheres with an average diameter of 280 nm. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated that the resulting TiO2 spheres consisted of anatase and brookite phases. The transmission electron microscopy images showed that the TiO2 spheres consisted of small crystallites with sizes of about 10 nm and confirmed their crystal structures. The nitrogen sorption experiments indicated that the TiO2 spheres were mesoporous and had an average pore diameter of 10.2 nm and a Brunauer, Emmet and Teller surface of 86.7 m2/g. The alumina‐supported TiO2 sphere membrane, which was prepared by 10% TiO2 coating solution, exhibited excellent photocatalytic property; in particular, it degraded 58% of humic acid after 240‐min UV light irradiation. It also removed 92% of humic acid in filtration process and with aid of 15‐min UV light irradiation interval throughout 3 h of filtration process. In addition, the permeate flux of the TiO2 membrane was improved because of reduced membrane fouling. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative Structure–Relative Volatility Relationship Model for Extractive Distillation of Ethylbenzene/p‐Xylene Mixtures: Application to Binary and Ternary Mixtures as Extractive Agents
Authors: Kang Young‐Mook , Jeon Yukwon , Hwang Sung Bo , Shin Hyun Kil , Oh Kyunghwan , Kim Min Sung , Kim Namseok , You Hwan , Son Hyoungjun , Chu Young Hwan , Cho Kwang‐Hwi , Shul Yong‐Gun , No Kyoung Tai
Published: March 2016

Ethylbenzene (EB) and p‐xylene (PX) are important chemicals for the production of industrial materials; accordingly, their efficient separation is desired, even though the difference in their boiling points is very small. This paper describes the efforts toward the identification of high‐performance extractive agents for EB and PX separation by distillation. Most high‐performance extractive agents contain halogen atoms, which present health hazards and are corrosive to distillation plates. To avoid this disadvantage of extractive agents, we developed a quantitative structure–relative volatility relationship (QSRVR) model for designing safe extractive agents. We have previously developed and reported QSRVR models for single extractive agents. In this study, we introduce extended QSRVR models for binary and ternary extractive agents. The QSRVR models accurately predict the relative volatilities of binary and ternary extractive agents. The service to predict the relative volatility for binary and ternary extractive agents is freely available from the Internet at http://qsrvr.opengsi.org/.
ChemInform Abstract: THEORY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF DENSIFICATION ON GRAIN GROWTH DURING INTERMEDIATE‐STAGE SINTERING
Authors: ROSOLOWSKI J. H. , GRESKOVICH C.
Published: March 2016

Es wird eine Beziehung zwischen der Sinterzeit und der Porosität einer Probe im intermediären Sinterzustand abgeleitet.
ChemInform Abstract: ESR STUDY OF DEVITRIFICATION PROCESSES
Authors: ARAFA S. , ASSABGHY F. , FAHMY H. , ALLAM M. , SABEK D.
Published: March 2016

Durch Strahlung induzierte ESR‐Zentren in Gläsern mit verschiedenem Ti‐Gehalt werden hinsichtlich der Kristallisationsvorgänge im Glas untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DAS GLEICHGEWICHT DES CU(2+)‐CU(+)‐CU‐SYSTEMS IN KONZENTRIERTEN PERCHLORATLOESUNGEN
Authors: MALYSZKO JAN , DUDA LUDOMIR
Published: March 2016

Das Gleichgewicht der Reaktion A in konzentrierten Ca(ClO4)2‐Lösungen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF COMPLEXATION OF SILVER(I) WITH THIOSULFATE ION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: FARROW MICHAEL M. , PURDIE NEIL , EYRING EDWARD M.
Published: March 2016

Die spezifische Geschwindigkeitskonstante der sehr schnellen Komplexbildung des Ag ‐Ions mit dem Thiosulfation in wäßriger Lösung wird nach einem kürzlich entwickelten optisch‐akustischen Verfahren zur Messung der Schallabsorption bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ZUM MECHANISMUS DER KOMPLEXKATALYTISCHEN REDUKTION VON MOLEKULAREM STICKSTOFF ZU HYDRAZIN 2. MITT. EINFLUSS VON ANIONEN AUF DIE REDUKTION VON N2 ZU HYDRAZIN MITTELS VANADIN(II)/MAGNESIUM(II) IN WAESSRIGER LOESUNG
Authors: WAHREN MANFRED
Published: March 2016

Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Ausbeute an Hydrazin wesentlich niedriger ist, wenn V(II) und Mg(II) als Sulfate anstelle der Chloride eingesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: FOLDED CONFORMATION IN THE GROUND AND EXCITED STATES OF CYCLIC DIPEPTIDES CONTAINING A TRYPTOPHYL RESIDUE
Authors: SIEMION IGNACY Z. , KONOPINSKA DANUTA , KLIS WIESLAW A.
Published: March 2016

Die cyclischen Dipeptide (I) werden aus den entsprechenden Benzyloxycarbonyldipeptidmethylestern, hydrogenolytische Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen und Cyclisierung unter Rückflußkochen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO‐THIAZOLIDINONES PART 4, ISOMERIZATIONS OF SPIRO‐2‐THIAZOLIDIN‐4‐ONES
Authors: PARYZEK Z. , KIELCZEWSKI M.
Published: March 2016

Das Gleichgewichtsverhältnis der bei der alkalischen ( ;z.B. in einem NaOH/THF/H2O‐ Gemisch) und sauren (in Benzol/H2O in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure) Hydrolyse des Acetyl‐thiazolidinons (Ia) entstehenden isomeren Cholestan‐spirothiazolidinone (Ib) und (II) (4: l bzw. 70:30) wird bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: RINGOEFFNUNGS‐REAKTION VON 3‐PHENYL‐TETRAHYDRO‐1,3‐OXAZINON‐(2)
Authors: LE THI NHUT HOA LE THI NHUT HOA , CHU PHAM NGOC SON CHU PHAM NGOC SON , LE KHAC HUY LE KHAC HUY , NGUYEN HUU TINH NGUYEN HUU TINH
Published: March 2016

Die Titelverbindung (I) kann von nucleophilen Reagenzien an zwei Stellen angegriffen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSATION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. NITROSOLYSIS, A NOVEL CARBON‐CARBON BOND CLEAVAGE EFFECTED THROUGH NITROSATION. NITROSOLYSIS OF KETONES
Authors: ROGIC MILORAD M. , VITRONE JOHN , SWERDLOFF MICHAEL D.
Published: March 2016

Während die Behandlung des Cyclohexanons (II) mit NOCl und Methanol sowie HCl in flüssigem Schwefeldioxid das Methoxy:oximinocyclohexen (I) liefert, entsteht in Abwesenheit von HCl der Oximinocarbonsäureester als Hydrochlorid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SMALL RING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS PART 65, 1,1‐CYCLOADDITION FROM A 1,3‐DIPOLE
Authors: PADWA ALBERT , CARLSEN PER H. J.
Published: March 2016

Die Bestrahlung des Azirins (II) in Cyclohexan liefert das Azabicyclohexen (I).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCYCLIC REACTION OF THE CYCLODECATRIENYL ANION
Authors: STALEY STUART W. , HEYN ALAN S.
Published: March 2016

Die Behandlung des cis‐Bicyclodecatriens (I) mit K in flüssigem Ammoniak liefert das Cyclodecatrienyl‐Anion (II), dessen Konformation sich aus dem NMR‐Spektrum und seiner Reaktion mit Wasser zum Cyclodecatrien (III) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: MONOFLUOROCARBENE, THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUOROCYCLOPROPANES
Authors: HAHNFELD J. L. , BURTON D. J.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Photolyse von Fluordijodmethan (I) in Tetramethyläthylen (IV) erhält man unter Zerfall zum Radikal (II) und zum Carben (III) die Addukte (V) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: NABH4 REDUCTION OF CYCLIC IMIDES
Authors: HUBERT J. C. , WIJNBERG J. B. P. A. , SPECKAMP W. NICO
Published: March 2016

Na‐boranat‐Reduktion der Dicarbonsäureimide (I) in Äthanol führt über die Hydroxyverbindungen (II) bei saurer Aufarbeitung zu den Äthoxyderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONJUGATED SCHIFF BASES PART 5, SPECIFIC REDUCTION OF SOME 1,3‐HETERODIENES BY THIOLS
Authors: MOSKAL J.
Published: March 2016

Die Schiffschen Basen (I) reagieren mit Nitrosobenzol (II) ′in tert.‐Butanol und in Gegenwart von Natriumhydroxid zu den 1,3‐Heterodienen (III), die mit dem Mercaptanen (IV) in Methanol und in Anwesenheit von Kaliumhydroxid zu den Endiaminen (V) reduziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A VERSATILE SYNTHESIS OF ALLENIC HYDROCARBONS. EVIDENCE FOR AN ORGANOCOPPER(III) INTERMEDIATE
Authors: VERMEER P. , MEIJER J. , BRANDSMA L.
Published: March 2016

Die Tosylate (I) reagieren mit dem aus CuBr und den Grignard‐Verbindungen (II) gebildeten Reagenzien unter Bildung der Allene (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ZWEIFACHE ALKYLIERUNG VON FORMALDEHYD‐DIPHENYLTHIOACETAL
Authors: SCHILL G. , MERKEL C.
Published: March 2016

Formaldehyd‐diphenylthioacetal (I) wird mit überschüssigen Alkylbromiden in Tetrahydrofuran bei Raumtemperatur in Anwesenheit von überschüssigem Natriumamid zu den Verbindungen (II) alkyliert, wobei Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid die Umsetzung beschleunigt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF CYCLIC IMINOETHERS
Authors: WROBEL J. T. , MAKOWKA P. , NOWACKI J.
Published: March 2016

Durch die Polarisation der C=N‐Gruppe der cyclischen Imine (I) (die durch die Alkoxy‐ Gruppe am C, erhöht wird) wird ein elektrophiles Zentrum geschaffen, dessen Reak‐ tivität gegenüber den Estern (II) [Bildung der Piperidine (III)] untersucht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKINE UND KUMULENE 5. MITT. SYNTHESE VON 1,3,4,6‐HEPTATETRAEN (DIVINYLATTEN)
Authors: MOEDLHAMMER URSULA , HOPF HENNING
Published: March 2016

Das aus den Verbindungen (I) und (II) erhältliche Dienin (III) liefert mit äthanolischem KOH die Titelverbindung (I V); als Nebenprodukt entsteht das (III)‐Isomere (V) (cis‐trans‐Gemisch).
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF SUPEROXIDE WITH ALKYL HALIDES AND TOSYLATES
Authors: SAN FILIPPO J. , CHERN C. I. , VALENTINE J. S.
Published: March 2016

Kaliumperoxid reagiert mit zahlreichen Halogenverbindungen (I) unter Bildung der Carbinole (II).
ChemInform Abstract: DEHYDRATION OF ERYTHRO‐ AND THREO‐1,2‐DIPHENYL‐1‐PROPANOL WITH IODINE, P‐TOLUENESULFONIC ACID, AND METHYLTRIPHENEOXYPHOSPHONIUM IODIDE
Authors: REEVE W. , DOHERTY R. M.
Published: March 2016

Die Dehydratisierung der stereoisomeren Carbinole (I) bzw. (III) zu den isomeren Olefinen (II) und (IV) wird diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF ′NENITZESCU′S HYDROCARBON′
Authors: WICKERSHAM T. W. , LI J. P. , WARAWA E. J.
Published: March 2016

Cyclooctatetraen (I) bildet mit Acryloylchlorid (II) ein Gemisch der endo‐ und exo‐ Cycloaddukte (III), die mit Natriumazid in die Isocyanate (IVa) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ARYLALIPHATISCHE KOHLENWASSERSTOFFE. SYNTH. UND AROMATISIERUNG VON BETA,GAMMA‐UNGESAETTIGTEN KETONEN ZUM BENZO(C)PHENANTHREN‐GERUEST
Authors: MULLER D. , CAGNIANT D.
Published: March 2016

Die bekannte Kondensation des Tetralons (I) mit Acetylcyclohexen (IIa), die in Gegenwart von NaNH2 zum Benzophenanthren (IIIa) führt, wird auf die Acylcyclohexene (IIb) und (V) erweitert.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF THIENO(3,4‐C)‐ AND SELENOPHENO(3,4‐C)PYRYLIUM SALTS
Authors: DULENKO V. I. , ALEKSEEV N. N.
Published: March 2016

Durch Einwirkung der Säureanhyd.ride (II) auf 3‐Acetony1‐ und 3‐Phenacylthiophen (I) in Gegenwart von Perchlorsäure entstehen die Thienopyryliumsalze (IIIa)‐(IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF GROUP IV ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS PART 32, MODIFIED SYNTHESIS OF IMIDAZOLIDINES WITH N,N′‐BIS‐(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐1,2‐DIAMINES
Authors: SUZUKI HIROHARU , OHASHI MASAYASU , ITOH KENJI , MATSUDA ISAMU , ISHII YOSHIO
Published: March 2016

Die Bis‐trimethylsilyl‐diamine (I) reagieren unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (Zeit, Temperatur) mit den Ketonen (II) zu den Imidazolidinen (III) (Additions‐Eliminierungsmechanismus) und Hexamethyldisiloxan.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2,5‐SUBSTITUTED 1,3,4‐OXADIAZOLES
Authors: VIGALOK I. V. , OSTROVSKAYA A. V. , SVETLAKOV N. V.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung der Carbonsäuren (I) mit Hydrazinhydrochlorid (II) in Phosphoroxychlorid bei Temperaturen von 85 ‐ 120°C evtl. in Gegenwart von Phosphorpentachlorid führt zu den Oxadiazolen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF 2,2‐DIMETHYL‐5‐HYDROXYCHROMAN
Authors: VERHE R. , SCHAMP N. , DE BUYCK L.
Published: March 2016

Die Umsetzung von CyclohexandiLon‐( 1 ,3) (II) mit dem Methylbutenylbromid (I) in wäßrigem Kaliumhydroxid in Gegenwart von Kupferpulver und anschließende Behandlung mit 6n Salzsäure ergeben das Methylbutenylcyclohexandion (III), das mit N‐Chlorsuccinimid zum Chlordiketon (IV) halogeniert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF METHYL‐SUBSTITUTED 4‐AMINOMETHYL‐4‐BUTANOLIDES AND 5‐HYDROXY‐2‐PIPERIDONES
Authors: STANISHEVSKII L. S. , TISHCHENKO I. G. , TYVORSKII V. I. , KHIL'MANOVICH L. A.
Published: March 2016

Die ungesättigten, einen Epoxidri.ng enthaltenden Carbonsäureester (I) werden mit primären und sekundären Aminen (II) zu den Hydroxyaminen (III) umgesetzt und mit Wasserstoff an der Doppelbindung zu einem Gemisch von Diastereomeren (IV) und (V) hydriert.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF BENZOINS WITH HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE. A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,5,6‐TETRAARYLPYRIDINES
Authors: MONSON R. S. , BARAZE A.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Benzoinen (I) erhält man mit Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid die Tetraaryl‐pyridine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF INDOLE‐ AND PYRROLEQUINAZOLINES
Authors: CHUPAKHIN O. N. , PILICHEVA T. L. , POSTOVSKII I. YA. , KLYUEV N. A.
Published: March 2016

Der Carbamidobenzylidenharnstoff (I) und das Chinazolon (IV) reagieren mit den Indolen (II) und Pyrrolen (V) in siedendem Dimethylformamid oder in Essigsäure zu den Dihydrochinazolonen (III) und (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG IN DER ALLO‐ UND ISOALLOXAZINREIHE41. MITT. DIE BROMIERUNG VON 8‐AMINO‐ UND 8‐HYDROXYALLOXAZINEN
Authors: GLEBOVA G. D. , BEREZOVSKII V. M.
Published: March 2016

7‐Methyl‐8‐aminoalloxazin (III) wird in Äthanol in 9‐Stellung zu (I) bromiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF QUINOXALINE‐ AND ISOQUINOLINEQUINONES‐5,8
Authors: TSIZIN YU. S. , CHERNYAK S. A.
Published: March 2016

Die aus dem Methoxychinoxalin (I) und dem Methoxyisochinolin (V) durch Nitrierung und Reduktion hergestellten Amine (III) und (VII) lassen sich durch Oxidation mit Iminoxyldisulfonat (Fremy′s Salz) zu den Chinonen (IV) und (VIII) umsetzen.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐TRIALKOXYCARBONYL‐4H‐CYCLOPENTA(B)QUINOXALINES
Authors: SUMLIVENKO N. V. , PONOMAREVA E. A. , DYADYUSHA G. G. , DVORKO G. F.
Published: March 2016

0‐Phenylendiamin (I) bildet bei der Kondensation mit den Hydroxycyclopentadienontricarbonsäureestern (II) in Essigsäure die Cyclopentachinoxaline (III), die mit Säuren und Laugen die Salze (IV) und (V) ergeben.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF ′MIXED′ ALKANONE TRIPEROXIDES
Authors: SANDERSON J. R. , ZEILER A. G.
Published: March 2016

Cyclohexanon (I) reagiert mit Wasserstoffperoxid in einem Benzol/Wasser‐Gemisch in Gegenwart von konz. Schwefelsäure zu dem Dihydroperoxid (II), das nur Spuren anderer Peroxide enthält.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION OF TRI‐T‐BUTYLSILANE
Authors: DEXHEIMER E. M. , SPIALTER L.
Published: March 2016

tert.‐Butyllithium (II) reagiert mit Siliciumtetrachlorid (I) zu den Folgeprodukten (III)‐(V).
ChemInform Abstract: DIE BLDG. DER SILICIUM‐KOHLENSTOFF‐BINDUNG DURCH REDUKTIVE SILYLIERUNG FUNKTIONELLER ALLYL‐ UND BENZYLVERBINDUNGEN. DER EINFLUSS VON TRIMETHYLSILYL‐GRUPPEN AUF DIE STABILISATION VON ANIONEN
Authors: BIRAN C. , DUFFAUT N. , DUNOGUES J. , CALAS R.
Published: March 2016

Die Phenylcarbinole (I) reagieren in Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid (HMPT) mit Trimethylchlorsilan (II) in Gegenwart von Magnesiumspänen zu den Alkoxysilanen (III), die in Gegenwart von Titantetrachlorid, Eisen(III)‐chlorid oder Nickelkomplexen mit Trimethylchlorsilan (II) und Magnesium einer reduktiven Silylierung zu den Silanen (V) unterliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF FIVE‐COORDINATE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM COMPLEXES
Authors: JAMESON G. B. , RODLEY G. A.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellung der Komplexe (I)‐(III′) erfolgt durch Reaktion der Metallsalze in Triäthylorthoformiat mit einem fünffachen Überschuß der Arsin‐ und Phosphinoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR OBTAINING CRYSTALLINE COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM(III) WITH UREA AND THIOUREA
Authors: BATOR‐SAWICKA BOZENNA , BLOTNY GRZEGORZ , DOBROWOLSKI JAN
Published: March 2016

Eine Mischung von CrCl3 als Hexahydrat und Harnstoff oder Thioharnstoff im Verhältnis 1 : 6 reagiert in Isopropanol unter Rückfluß zu den Komplexen (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX OF A CYCLIC POLYETHER 18‐CROWN‐6 WITH URANYL NITRATE
Authors: COSTES R. M. , FOLCHER G. , KELLER N. , PLURIEN P. , RIGNY P.
Published: March 2016

Der Titelkomplex wurde durch Reaktion des Liganden mit dem Metallsalz im Verhältnis 1:1 in Äthanol dargestellt und durch sein IR‐ und Elektronenspektrum charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF CUMULENES WITH METAL CARBONYLS PART 3, INFLUENCE OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE ON THE COURSE AND PRODUCTS OF THE REACTION WITH IRON CARBONYLS
Authors: ZIMNIAK ANDRZEJ , JASIOBEDZKI WIESLAW
Published: March 2016

Die Komplexbildungsreaktionen zwischen Fe(CO)5, Fe2(CO)9 und Fe3(CO)12 und Cumulenen zu den Derivaten (I) und (II) werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON METAL CARBOXYLATES PART 9, PYRIDINE‐2‐CARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES OF IRON(II), COBALT(II) AND NICKEL(II) CONTAINING DINUCLEAR METAL CATIONS
Authors: HERTZER CATHERINE A. , WALTON RICHARD A.
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion wäßriger Lösungen von Fe(II)‐, Co(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐Salzen starker Säuren mit Picolinsäure liefert die oktaedrisch koordinierten dimeren Komplexe (I), die wahrscheinlich Carboxylatobrücken enthalten.
ChemInform Abstract: METALATION REACTIONS PART 6, METALATION OF SUBSTITUTED FERROCENES WITH METHYLPENTACARBONYL‐MANGANESE AND ‐RHENIUM, FORMATION OF HOMOANNULAR METALATED FERROCENES AND OF THE NOVEL FERROCENYLMETHYL(METHYL)AMINOMETHYLENETETRACARBONYLMANGANESE
Authors: CRAWFORD S. S. , FIRESTEIN G. , KAESZ H. D.
Published: March 2016

Acetylferrocen (I) reagiert in siedendem Octan mit Methyl‐pentacarbonylmangan oder ‐rhenium (II) unter Bildung der Metallierungsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF DIOXYGEN IN COBALT(II) OXYGEN CARRIERS, SINGLET OXYGEN OR O2(‐)
Authors: GETZ D. , MELAMUD E. , SILVER B. L. , DORI Z.
Published: March 2016

Diskussion der ESR‐spektroskopischen Untersuchungen des "O‐angereicherten Komplexes (I) in CH2Cl2 bei ‐100° in Verbindung mit den Ergebnissen anderer Autoren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COBALT(I) COMPOUNDS PART 2, AN ORTHO‐METALATED(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHITE)COBALT(I) COMPLEX
Authors: GOSSER L. W.
Published: March 2016

Die Darstellung des o‐metallierten Produkts (II) erfolgt sowohl bei der Reaktion des Komplexes (I) mit Triphenylphosphit, als auch beim Erhitzen der Hydridverbindung (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SITE OF DEPROTONATION IN THE BASE HYDROLYSIS OF CHLOROPENTAAMINECOBALT(III) IONS
Authors: BUCKINGHAM D. A. , CRESSWELL P. J. , SARGESON A. M.
Published: March 2016

Es werden Protonenaustauschuntersuchungen an den Aminzentren, basische Hydrolyse und sterische Spannungsberechnungen an den beiden Isomeren (I).
ChemInform Abstract: LUMINESCENT OSMIUM(II) AND IRIDIUM(III) COMPLEXES AS PHOTOSENSITIZERS
Authors: DEMAS J. N. , HARRIS E. W. , FLYNN C. M. JUN. , DIEMENTE D.
Published: March 2016

Am Beispiel von Photooxygenierungen und Photooxidation von Tetramethyl‐ äthylen und Thioharnstoff wird die erfolgreiche Verwendung der stark lumineszierenden Komplexe (I) und (II) als Photosensibilisatoren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐ACORONE AND RELATED SPIROCYCLIC SESQUITERPENES
Authors: MARX J. M. , NORMAN L. R.
Published: March 2016

Cyclopentanon‐2‐carbonester (I) wird zu (II) oxidiert und mit Dimethyllithiumcuprat in die Addukte (III) und (IV) übergeführt, die auch aus (V) hergestellt werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: FUNGAL EXTRACTIVES PART 9, SYNTHESIS OF THE VELLERAL SKELETON AND A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PYROVELLEROLACTONE
Authors: FROBORG J. , MAGNUSSON G. , THOREN S.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem Trimethylcyclohexenolaoetat (I) erhält man mit 3,4‐Bis‐chlormethyl‐furan (II) in Gegenwart von Methyllithium das Kondensat (III), das mit Lithiumalanat zu (IVa) reduziert und zu (IVb) mesyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: MODEL EXPERIMENTS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ABE RING SYSTEM OF HETISINE TYPE DITERPENE ALKALOIDS
Authors: VAN DER BAAN J. L. , BICKELHAUPT F.
Published: March 2016

Durch Alkylierung der Nitrile (I) werden die Methyl‐ (IIIa) bzw. Allyl‐Derivate (IIIb) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON CHEMICAL ALTERATIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR COMPONENTS PART 10, SYNTHESES AND REACTIVITIES OF 3‐AMINOPYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: MAEDA M. , KAWAZOE Y.
Published: March 2016

Die Natriumsalze des Uracils (Ia) bzw. der Uridine (Ib) und (Ic) werden von Hydroxylamin‐O‐2,4‐dinitrophenyläther (II) in Dimethylformamid zu (III) aminiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SPEKTROPHOTOMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG VON TANTAL(V) MIT 8‐HYDROXYCHINOLIN‐5‐SULFONSAEURE (I)
Authors: SHARMA YOGENDU , SHIVAHARE G. C.
Published: March 2016

Die Bildung eines gelben Komplexes durch Reaktion von Ta(V) mit (I) wird im wäßrigen Medium spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE STUDIES AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF TRANS‐(TI(H2O)4F2)(+)
Authors: PREMOVIC PAVLE ILIJA , WEST PAUL RONALD
Published: March 2016

Aus detaillierten ESR‐Untersuchungen von Ti(III)‐Lösungen in H2O und D2O bei pH 1,0 bis 1,6 und bei Zusatz von Fluoridionen wird das Auftreten des trans‐[Ti ‐ (H2O)4F2](+)‐ Komplexes nachgewiesen.
ChemInform Abstract: EINFLUSS DER KOMPLEXBILDUNG AUF DIE DIFFUSION VON CO IN GAAS
Authors: USKOV V. A. , SORVINA V. P. , FEDOTOV A. B.
Published: March 2016

Die komplizierte Form des Diffusionsprofils von Co in GaAs, das aus drei Abschnitten besteht, hängt mit der Komplexbildung im Diffusionsprozeß zusammen.
ChemInform Abstract: ENTROPY AND HEAT CAPACITY OF EUROPIUM(III) BROMIDE FROM 5 TO 340 K
Authors: DELINE THOMAS A. , WESTRUM EDGAR F. JUN. , HASCHKE JOHN M.
Published: March 2016

Die Wärmekapazität einer polykristallinen Eußra‐Probe wird zwischen 5 und 340 K gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: HEATS OF DILUTION OF AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTES, TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
Authors: SNIPES HARRIET P. , MANLY CHARLES , ENSOR DALE D.
Published: March 2016

Die Verdünnungswärmen von KCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4 und MgSO4 werden über den Konzentrationsbereich von 0,005 bis 2,0m bei Temperaturen zwischen 40 bis 80°C gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: DAS NITRIDFLUORID FE4N3F3
Authors: TANGUY BERNARD , PEZAT MICHEL , WOLD AARON , PORTIER JOSIK
Published: March 2016

Durch Einwirkung von NH3 auf FeF3 wird das Nitridfluorid F e4N3F3 erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: STERIC INFLUENCE ON THE CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF BORNANONES, 1,2‐ADDITION REACTION
Authors: BECKETT A. H. , NGIAM TONG LAN NGIAM TONG LAN , MCDONOUGH G. R.
Published: March 2016

Benzyl‐Li greift das endo‐Dimethylamino‐bornanon (I) ausschließlich von der normalerweise schwerer zugänglichen exo‐Seite her an.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMUS DER NENITZESCU‐REAKTION 3. MITT. ACYLWANDERUNGEN 1. MITT.
Authors: KUCKLAENDER U.
Published: March 2016

Die Titelreaktion des Chinons (I) ergibt mit den Enaminen (II) in Eisessig die Indole (III), wobei intermediär Carbinolamine vom Typ (IV) entstehen.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAMOLEKULARE RINGSCHLUSSRK. BEI STICKSTOFFLST‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: SCHULZE W.
Published: March 2016

In einer Übersicht (42 Literaturhinweise) wird über intramolekulare Ringschlußreaktionen von Stickstofflost‐Verbindungen durch innere Alkylierungsreaktionen berichtet.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION PATHWAY IN THE PHOTOREARRANGEMENTS OF PHENYLISOTHIAZOLES
Authors: MAEDA M. , KAWAHARA A. , KAI M. , KOJIMA M.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Photolyse in deuteriertem Milieu (Äther/Deuteriumoxid) erhält man aus 3‐Phenyl‐isothiazol (I) ein nicht‐deuteriertes Umlagerungsprodukt (II) bzw. nichtdeuteriertes Ausgangsmaterial zurück, während aus S‐Phenyl‐isothiazol (III) ein deuteriertes Umlagerungsprodukt (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON HEXEN‐(1)‐DIIN‐(3,5)(VINYLDIACETYLEN)
Authors: SCHULZE KLAUS
Published: March 2016

Die Aminomethylierung des Pentadiins (I) mit dem Amin (II) und Paraformaldehyd (III) in Gegenwart von Cu(II)‐acetat liefert die entsprechende Diacety1en‐Mannich‐ Base (60% Ausbeute), die zu dem Salz (IV) quaternisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF POLYFLUOROALKYL ETHERS AND THE PREPARATION OF BIS(TRIFLUORVINYL) ETHER
Authors: BRANDWOOD M. , COE P. L. , TATLOW J. C.
Published: March 2016

Der dl‐ bzw. meso‐Bis(trifluoräthyl)äther (I) ergibt mit AlCl3 und BCl3 die chlorierten Produkte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ROUTE TO HYDROQUINONE
Authors: OLZINGER A. H.
Published: March 2016

Ein neues technisches Verfahren zur Darstellung von Hydrochinon (V) beruht auf der Alkylierung von Cumol (I) mit Propylen (II) zu p‐Diisopropylbenzol (III), Oxidation von (III) zum Dihydroperoxid (IV) und anschließende Spaltung von (IV) zu Hydrochinon (V) und Aceton (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AN ENOL‐ETHER OF A CYCLOPROPANONE FROM A DIAZOALKENYLETHER, A NOVEL CLASS OF COMPOUND
Authors: HAMON D. P. G. , PULLEN K. M.
Published: March 2016

Das Lithiumcarbox‐ylat (I) wird mit Phenyllithium in Äther bei Raumtemperatur in das Phenylketon (II) umgewandelt, das mit p‐Toluolsulfonylhydrazid in isomere Tosylhydrazone (IIIa) übergeführt wird.