bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EEG-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reveals Rapid Shifts in Motor Cortical Excitability during the Human Sleep Slow Oscillation
Authors: Bergmann Til O. , Mölle Matthias , Schmidt Marlit A. , Lindner Christoph , Marshall Lisa , Born Jan , Siebner Hartwig R.
Published: January 2012

Evoked cortical responses do not follow a rigid input–output function but are dynamically shaped by intrinsic neural properties at the time of stimulation. Recent research has emphasized the role of oscillatory activity in determining cortical excitability. Here we employed EEG-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during non-rapid eye movement sleep to examine whether the spontaneous <1 Hz neocortical slow oscillation (SO) is associated with corresponding fluctuations of evoked responses. Whereas the SO's alternating phases of global depolarization (up-state) and hyperpolarization (down-state) are clearly associated with fluctuations in spontaneous neuronal excitation, less is known about state-dependent shifts in neocortical excitability. In 12 human volunteers, single-pulse TMS of the primary motor cortical hand area (M1HAND) was triggered online by automatic detection of SO up-states and down-states in the EEG. State-dependent changes in cortical excitability were traced by simultaneously recording motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and TMS-evoked EEG potentials (TEPs). Compared to wakefulness and regardless of SO state, sleep MEPs were smaller and delayed whereas sleep TEPs were fundamentally altered, closely resembling a spontaneous SO. However, both MEPs and TEPs were consistently larger when evoked during SO up-states than during down-states, and ampliudes within each SO state depended on the actual EEG potential at the time and site of stimulation. These results provide first-time evidence for a rapid state-dependent shift in neocortical excitability during a neuronal oscillation in the human brain. We further demonstrate that EEG-guided temporal neuronavigation is a powerful tool to investigate the phase-dependent effects of neuronal oscillations on perception, cognition, and motor control.
Testosterone exerts antiapoptotic effects against H2O2 in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells through the apoptotic intrinsic pathway
Authors: Pronsato Lucía , Boland Ricardo , Milanesi Lorena
Published: January 2012

Experimental data indicate that apoptosis is activated in the aged skeletal muscle, contributing to sarcopenia. We have previously demonstrated that testosterone protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in C2C12 muscle cells. Here we identified molecular events involved in the antiapoptotic effect of testosterone. At short times of exposure to H2O2cells exhibit a defense response but at longer treatment times cells undergo apoptosis. Incubation with testosterone prior to H2O2induces BAD inactivation, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and a decrease in BAX levels, and impedes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that the hormone participates in the regulation of the apoptotic intrinsic pathway. Simultaneous treatment with testosterone, H2O2, and the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, flutamide, reduces the effects of the hormone, pointing to a possible participation of the AR in the antiapoptotic effect. The data presented allow us to begin to elucidate the mechanism by which the hormone prevents apoptosis in skeletal muscle.
Morphogenesis and the Cell Cycle
Authors: Howell Audrey S , Lew Daniel J
Published: January 2012

Studies of the processes leading to the construction of a bud and its separation from the mother cell in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided foundational paradigms for the mechanisms of polarity establishment, cytoskeletal organization, and cytokinesis. Here we review our current understanding of how these morphogenetic events occur and how they are controlled by the cell-cycle-regulatory cyclin-CDK system. In addition, defects in morphogenesis provide signals that feed back on the cyclin-CDK system, and we review what is known regarding regulation of cell-cycle progression in response to such defects, primarily acting through the kinase Swe1p. The bidirectional communication between morphogenesis and the cell cycle is crucial for successful proliferation, and its study has illuminated many elegant and often unexpected regulatory mechanisms. Despite considerable progress, however, many of the most puzzling mysteries in this field remain to be resolved.
James F. Crow: His Life in Public Service
Authors: Abrahamson Seymour
Published: January 2012

The readers of this journal may well be aware of Professor Crow’s scientific achievements and his role as the editor of Perspectives. In addition, for many thousands of students at the University of Wisconsin over many generations, James F. Crow was one of the most memorable teachers at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. What is less known is his major role in public service where he served as chair of many important committees for the National Academy of Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, the National Institutes of Justice as well as various international programs. In all of these efforts, Professor Crow has left a lasting impact.
Genetic and Environmental Components of Neonatal Weight Gain in Preterm Infants
Authors: Brescianini Sonia , Giampietro Silvia , Cotichini Rodolfo , Lucchini Renato , De Curtis Mario
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Postnatal nutrition and subsequent weight gain or failure in the neonatal period are likely regulated by both the environment and the genetic background. With the goal of estimating the variability of postnatal weight gain due to genes and environment, comparison between monozygotic (ie, genetically identical) and dizygotic (genetically similar as 2 siblings) twins can be performed.

METHODS:

This study selected a very homogenous set of monozygotic and dizygotic twins who met the following inclusion criteria: gestational age between 30 and 36 weeks, birth weight between 1250 and 2200 g, and length of stay >12 days. Opposite-gender pairs and pairs that differed >20% in terms of birth weight were excluded from this analysis. The outcome measure of this study was the daily weight gain expressed in grams per kilogram per day during the period between day of birth and day of discharge. The average difference between members of a pair was computed in the 2 groups of twins, and heritability was estimated.

RESULTS:

The within-pair differences of the outcome measure were lower for monozygotic twins than for dizygotic twins, suggesting a strong genetic component. The total variance of the phenotype under study is explained by 2 sources of variation, additive genetic (87% [95% confidence interval: 67% to 94%]) and unique environment (13% [95% confidence interval: 6% to 33%]) components.

CONCLUSIONS:

This high heritability estimate could suggest using this set of criteria to identify genes that regulate postnatal weight gain or failure.
Prevalence, Patterns, and Persistence of Sleep Problems in the First 3 Years of Life
Authors: Byars Kelly C. , Yolton Kimberly , Rausch Joseph , Lanphear Bruce , Beebe Dean W.
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE:

Examine the prevalence, patterns, and persistence of parent-reported sleep problems during the first 3 years of life.

METHODS:

Three hundred fifty-nine mother/child pairs participated in a prospective birth cohort study. Sleep questionnaires were administered to mothers when children were 6, 12, 24, and 36 months old. Sleep variables included parent response to a nonspecific query about the presence/absence of a sleep problem and 8 specific sleep outcome domains: sleep onset latency, sleep maintenance, 24-hour sleep duration, daytime sleep/naps, sleep location, restlessness/vocalization, nightmares/night terrors, and snoring.

RESULTS:

Prevalence of a parent-reported sleep problem was 10% at all assessment intervals. Night wakings and shorter sleep duration were associated with a parent-reported sleep problem during infancy and early toddlerhood (6–24 months), whereas nightmares and restless sleep emerged as associations with report of a sleep problem in later developmental periods (24–36 months). Prolonged sleep latency was associated with parent report of a sleep problem throughout the study period. In contrast, napping, sleep location, and snoring were not associated with parent-reported sleep problems. Twenty-one percent of children with sleep problems in infancy (compared with 6% of those without) had sleep problems in the third year of life.

CONCLUSIONS:

Ten percent of children are reported to have a sleep problem at any given point during early childhood, and these problems persist in a significant minority of children throughout early development. Parent response to a single-item nonspecific sleep query may overlook relevant sleep behaviors and symptoms associated with clinical morbidity.
Societal Values and Policies May Curtail Preschool Children’s Physical Activity in Child Care Centers
Authors: Copeland Kristen A. , Sherman Susan N. , Kendeigh Cassandra A. , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Saelens Brian E.
Published: January 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Three-fourths of US preschool-age children are in child care centers. Children are primarily sedentary in these settings, and are not meeting recommended levels of physical activity. Our objective was to identify potential barriers to children’s physical activity in child care centers.

METHODS:

Nine focus groups with 49 child care providers (55% African American) were assembled from 34 centers (inner-city, suburban, Head Start, and Montessori) in Cincinnati, Ohio. Three coders independently analyzed verbatim transcripts for themes. Data analysis and interpretation of findings were verified through triangulation of methods.

RESULTS:

We identified 3 main barriers to children’s physical activity in child care: (1) injury concerns, (2) financial, and (3) a focus on “academics.” Stricter licensing codes intended to reduce children's injuries on playgrounds rendered playgrounds less physically challenging and interesting. In addition, some parents concerned about potential injury, requested staff to restrict playground participation for their children. Small operating margins of most child care centers limited their ability to install abundant playground equipment. Child care providers felt pressure from state mandates and parents to focus on academics at the expense of gross motor play. Because children spend long hours in care and many lack a safe place to play near their home, these barriers may limit children's only opportunity to engage in physical activity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Societal priorities for young children—safety and school readiness—may be hindering children’s physical development. In designing environments that optimally promote children’s health and development, child advocates should think holistically about potential unintended consequences of policies.
The filament event near the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in Tunisia: filament origin and environmental signification
Authors: Negra Mohamed Hédi , Zagrarni Mohamed Faouzi , Hanini Amine , Strasser André
Published: January 2012

Near the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, the filament event corresponds to the massive occurrence of thin elongate shells, probably bivalves which constitute, in the Bahloul Formation, about 40% of allochems. This biosedimentary event was described in several areas, such as in Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, North America, Oman and Tibet. In Tunisia, filaments are well represented within well laminated black shales constituting the Bahloul Formation, late Cenomanian – early Turonian in age. These black shales were deposited under anoxic conditions developed in an outer ramp environment. Filaments are particularly abundant in the upper part of the Bahloul Formation, which is topped by a condensation level exhibiting encrusted ammonites associated with frequent burrows, and phosphatic and glauconitic grains. In terms of depositional environments, the filament concentrations announce an evolution towards “normal”-marine conditions, which followed the anoxic conditions favouring black-shale formation. This trend coincided with a deepening that led to maximum flooding at the condensation surface. The petrographic study of samples taken along a N-S transect shows a clear evolution of filament structures from distal to proximal ramp. Limestones deposited in the outer ramp environment mainly contain well preserved “pelagic” bivalve shells showing a thin-shelled structure composed of elongated filaments. Laterally, toward the proximal ramp, the bivalve shells are progressively disintegrated, the filaments being arranged parallel to bedding. In an even more proximal setting, filaments appear finer, highly fragmented and arranged without preferential orientation. The Cenomanian-Turonian “pelagic” bivalves thus probably lived in an outer ramp environment and their thin shells disintegrated progressively into filaments. This happened during high energy conditions generated by storms.

The filament event, which is associated to other bio-events expressed by the extinction and the first occurrence of some pelagic species, could be used to establish local to global correlations.

When the ammonite Watinoceras, the main early Turonian marker, is rare or absent, the filament-rich facies could indicate the proximity of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary.

At a global scale, the filament event illustrates a sea-level rise in relation with eustatic and climatic changes. The maximum flooding of this transgressive event was identified in several localities and dated about 93 Ma. The very high sea-level conditions are favourable to accumulation and preservation of organic-rich facies such as black shales, which illustrate the anoxic event OAE2.

The abundance of filaments near the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary is an indicator of high organic productivity following a climatic change to warmer conditions. The latter have clearly influenced oceanic water-masses circulation, water column stratification and nutrient partitioning.
Hypertext Theory: Rethinking and Reformulating What We Know, Web 2.0
Authors: Baehr Craig , Lang Susan M.
Published: January 2012

This article traces the influences of hypertext theory throughout the various genres of online publication in technical communication. It begins with a look back at some of the important concepts and theorists writing about hypertext theory from the post-World War II era, to the early years of the World Wide Web 2.0, and the very differing notions of its potential. A significant challenge during this formative period was the fact that limitations in technology and infrastructure placed limitations on the potential envisioned by these scholars. The ways in which we look at early scholarship differ even a decade or more later, in terms of some of the information technologies and tools we use today. In the Web 2.0 era, we see a trend of blending and extension beyond principles found within hypertext theory in the tools we use and user experiences we create with them.
Menometrorrhagia in magnetic resonance imaging operators with copper intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDS): A case report
Authors: Gobba Fabriziomaria , Bianchi Nadia , Verga Paolo , Contessa Gian , Rossi Paolo
Published: January 2012

The paper describes the cases of 3 female health operators with implanted copper IUDs, developing menometrorrhagia some months after an increase of the working time in a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Unit (1.5 T), that progressively disappeared when the previous organization, involving discontinuous work shifts at MRI, was re-established. No known factors possibly related to menometrorrhagia were evidenced in the 3 operators, supporting the hypothesis of a role of the exposure to the electromagnetic fields (EMF) induced by the MRI system in symptoms induction. The possible mechanism remains unsettled, but menometrorrhagia might be triggered by a phlogistic stimulus caused by EMF, possibly the low-frequency currents induced in the wires of the IUD during the movements of the operator inside the static magnetic field generated by the MRI permanent magnet. Until now, the problem of possible interactions between copper IUDs and EMF induced by MRI has been considered in patients undergoing imaging, but the possible risk in MRI Units operators has been largely neglected. To our knowledge, the occurrence of menometrorrhagia is not routinely checked in health surveillance of MRI operators, so these symptoms can pass unnoticed, especially if they are transitory. Therefore, underreporting is rather possible. The cases described here support the need for further research on this topic, especially considering the progressive diffusion of more powerful MRI scanners (3 T and more), and of the interventional magnetic resonance imaging, both potentially involving higher EMF exposures, and a large number of MRI female operators, possibly using IUDs. The possibility that MRI operators with implanted metallic IUDs can be included in the group of “workers at particular risk” according to the EU Directive 2004/40/EC should be considered.
Influence of Human Disturbance on the Abundance of Himalayan Pheasant (Aves, Galliformes) in the Temperate Forest of Western Himalaya, India
Authors: Jolli V. , Pandit M.
Published: January 2012

Influence of Human Disturbance on the Abundance of Himalayan Pheasant (Aves, Galliformes) in the Temperate Forest of Western Himalaya, India

We conducted field studies in the Jiwa valley (Indian Himalayas) to examine the influence of human disturbance on Himalayan pheasants. We used the "call count" and "line transect" methods to estimate the abundance of pheasants in Jiwa valley. A human disturbance gradient defined by human population, agriculture activity, forest wood collection, grazing, vehicle, use of heavy machines, human settlements, dumping ground, and blasting was prepared. We assessed the pheasant numbers under two conditions (1) a decline in the gradient of human activity during two consecutive years (2009-2010) (2) in the presence of hydroelectric development activities. The numbers of koklass pheasants, Himalayan monal, cheer pheasant and Western tragopan declined significantly with anthropogenic activities. During spring 2010, hydroelectric construction activity was temporarily suspended in Manjhan adit, and a positive response was noted in terms of an increase in the pheasant numbers near the site. The response of pheasants to human disturbance has inferred that large scale development can lead to decline of Himalayan pheasant in Himalayan region.
Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Fishes
Authors: Yurakhno V.
Published: January 2012

Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Fishes

Descriptions of two new families — Polysporoplasmidae fam. n. (Syn. Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917 in Sitja-Bobadilla, Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995) and Gadimyxidae fam. n. (syn. Parvicapsulidae Schulman, 1953 in Kie et al., 2007), and one new species of myxosporeans —Gadimyxa ovalesp. n. — parasites of fishes of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas are presented. Species of the genus Gadimyxa is found for the first time in the Black Sea.
Poincaré-Invariant Structures in the Solution Manifold of a Nonlinear Wave Equation
Authors: Segal Irving E.
Published: January 2012

The solution manifold

M

of the equation

\phi + g\phi^3 = 0

in Minkowski space is studied from the standpoint of the establishment of differential-geometric structures therein. It is shown that there is an almost Kähler structure globally defined on

M

that is Poincaré invariant. In the vanishing curvature case

g = 0

the structure obtained coincides with the complex Hilbert structure in the solution manifold of the real wave equation. The proofs are based on the transfer of the equation to an ambient universal space-time.
A Weak Regularity Theorem for Real Analytic Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Sussmann H. J.
Published: January 2012

We consider real analytic finite-dimensional control problems with a scalar input that enters linearly in the evolution equations. We prove that, whenever it is possible to steer a state

x

to another state

y

by means of a measurable control, then it is possible to steer

x

to

y

by means of a control that has an extra regularity property, namely, that of being analytic on an open dense subset of its interval of definition. Since open dense sets can have very small measure, this is a very weak property. However, it is absolutely general, depending on no assumptions other than real analyticity. This shows that real analyticity alone suffices to imply some regularity, and leaves open the question of how much more regularity can be proved in general. To show that real analyticity is essential, we prove, by constructing a class of examples, that no such theorem is true in the

C^\infty

case. The regularity result implies a similar regularity theorem for time-optimal controls.
Hankel Forms and the Fock Space
Authors: Janson Svante , Peetre Jaak , Rochberg Richard
Published: January 2012

We consider Hankel forms on the Hilbert space of analytic functions square integrable with respect to a given measure on a domain in

\mathbb C^n

. Under rather restrictive hypotheses, essentially implying «homogeneity» of the set-up, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditionsfor boundedness, compactness and belonging to Schatten classes

S_p, \; p ≥ 1

, for Hankel forms (analogues of the theorems of Nehari, Hartman and Peller). There are several conceivable notions of «symbol»; choosing the appropriate one, these conditions are expressed in terms of the symbol of the form belonging to certain weighted

L^p

-spaces.Our theory applies in particular to the Fock spaces (defined by a Gaussian measure in

\mathbb C^n

). For the corresponding

L^p

-spaces we obtain also a lot of other results: interpolation (pointwise, abstract), approximation, decomposition etc. We also briefly treat Bergman spaces.A specific feature of our theory is that it is «gauge invariant». (A gauge transformation is the simultaneous replacement of functions

f

by

f\phi

and

d\mu

by

|\phi|^{–2} d\mu

, where

\phi

is a given (non-vanishing) function). For instance, in the Fock case, an interesting alternative interpretation of the results is obtained if we pass to the measure exp

(- y^2)dx \; dy

. In this context we introduce some new function spaces

E_p

, which are Fourier, and even Mehler invariant.
Eigenvalue Problems of Quasilinear Elliptic Systems on $\mathbb R^n$
Authors: Li Gongbao
Published: January 2012

In this paper, we get the existence results of the nontrivial weak solution

(\lambda, u)

of the following eigenvalue problem of quasilinear elliptic systems

–D_\alpha (a_{\alpha \beta}(x, u)D_\beta u^i) + \frac{1}{2}D_{u^i}a_{\alpha \beta}(x, u)D_\alpha u^jD_\beta u^j + h(x)u^i = \lambda |u|^{p–2}u^i,

for

x \in \mathbb R^n

,

1 ≤ i ≤ N

and

u = (u^1, u^2, ..., u^N) \in E = \{ \nu = (\nu^1, \nu^2, ..., \nu^N) | \nu^i \in H^1 (\mathbb R^n), 1 ≤ i ≤ N \},

where

a_{\alpha \beta} (x, u)

satisfy the natural growth conditions. It seems that this kind of problem has never been dealt with before.
Maximal and Area Integral Characterizations of Hardy-Sobolev Spaces in the Unit Ball of $\mathbb C^n$
Authors: Ahern Patrick , Bruna Joaquim
Published: January 2012

In this paper we deal with several characterizations of the Hardy-Sobolev spaces in the unit ball of

\mathbb C^n

, that is, spaces of holomorphie functions in the ball whose derivatives up to a certain order belong to the classical Hardy spaces. Some of our characterizations are in terms of maximal functions, area functions or Littlewood-Paley functions involving only complex-tangential derivatives. A special case of our results is a characterization of

H^p

itself involving only complex-tangential derivatives.
Vacuum Pressure, Dark Energy, and Dark Matter
Authors: Broda Bogusław , Szanecki Michał
Published: January 2012

It has been argued that the correct, that is, positive, sign of quantum vacuum energy density, or, more properly, negative sign of quantum vacuum pressure, requires not a very large, and to some extent model-independent, number,
for example, ∼100, of additional, undiscovered fundamental bosonic particle species, absent in the standard model. Interpretation of the new particle species in terms of dark matter ones permits to qualitatively, and even quantitatively, connect all the three concepts given in the title.
Measurement of Horse Allergen (Equ cx) in Schools
Authors: Merritt Anne-Sophie , Emenius Gunnel , Elfman Lena , Smedje Greta
Published: January 2012

Background. The presence of horse allergen in public places is not well-known, unlike for instance cat and dog allergens, which have been studied extensively. The aim was to investigate the presence of horse allergen in schools and to what extent the influence of number of children with regular horse contact have on indoor allergen levels. Methods. Petri dishes were used to collect airborne dust samples during one week in classrooms. In some cases, vacuumed dust samples were also collected. All samples were extracted, frozen and analysed for Equ cx content shortly after sampling, and some were re-analysed six years later with a more sensitive ELISA assay. Results. Horse allergen levels were significantly higher in classrooms, in which many children had horse contact, regardless of sampling method. Allergen levels in extracts from Petri dish samples, which had been kept frozen, dropped about 53% over a six-year period. Conclusion. Horse allergen was present in classrooms and levels were higher in classrooms where many children had regular horse contact in their leisure time. This suggests that transfer of allergens takes place via contaminated clothing. Measures should be taken to minimize possible transfer and deposition of allergens in pet-free environments, such as schools.
A Wavelet Method for the Cauchy Problem for the Helmholtz Equation
Authors: Dou Fang-Fang , Fu Chu-Li
Published: January 2012

We consider a Cauchy problem for the Helmholtz equation
at a fixed frequency. The problem is severely ill posed in the
sense that the solution (if it exists) does not depend continuously on
the data. We present a wavelet method to stabilize the problem. Some
error estimates between the exact solution and its approximation are
given, and numerical tests verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed
method.
Sedentary Behaviors, Light-Intensity Physical Activity, and Healthy Aging
Authors: Shi Hongying , Hu Frank B. , Huang Tianyi , Schernhammer Eva S. , Willett Walter C. , Sun Qi , Wang Molin
Published: June 2024

Importance

Sleep duration and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are associated with healthy aging, but the associations of sedentary behaviors and light-intensity physical activity (LPA) with healthy aging are still unclear.

Objective

To examine the independent association of sedentary behaviors and LPA with healthy aging, and to estimate the theoretical association of replacing sedentary behavior with LPA, MVPA, or sleep with healthy aging.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study using data from the Nurses’ Health Study, participants aged 50 years or older and free of major chronic diseases in 1992 were prospectively followed up for 20 years. Data were analyzed from January to May 2022.

Exposures

Three measures for sedentary behaviors (hours watching television, sitting at work, and other sitting at home) and 2 measures for LPA (hours of standing or walking around at home [LPA-Home] and at work [LPA-Work]).

Main Outcomes and Measures

Healthy aging was defined as survival to at least age 70 years with maintenance of 4 health domains (ie, no major chronic diseases and no impairment in subjective memory, physical function, or mental health). The isotemporal substitution model was used to evaluate the potential impact on healthy aging of replacing 1 hour of 1 behavior with equivalent duration of another.

Results

Among 45 176 participants (mean [SD] age, 59.2 [6.0] years), 3873 (8.6%) women achieved healthy aging. After adjustment for covariates including MVPA, each increment of 2 hours per day in sitting watching television was associated with a 12% (95% CI, 7%-17%) reduction in the odds of healthy aging. In contrast, each increase of 2 hours per day in LPA-Work was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 3%-9%) increase in the odds of healthy aging. Replacing 1 hour of sitting watching television with LPA-Home (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.12), LPA-Work (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07-1.14), or MVPA (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.23-1.34) was associated with increased odds of healthy aging. Among participants who slept 7 hours per day or less, replacing television time with sleep was also associated with increased odds of healthy aging.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, longer television watching time decreased odds of healthy aging, whereas LPA and MVPA increased odds of healthy aging and replacing sitting watching television with LPA or MVPA, or with sleep in those who slept 7 hours per day or less, was associated with increased odds of healthy aging, providing evidence for rearranging 24-hour behavior to promote overall health.
3D Printed Sodiophilic Nb2CTx/Reduced Graphene Oxide Monoliths Enable Long Cycle Stability of Sodium Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Yueyue , Wang Hui , Pan Denghui , Hou Jingrui , Yao Jingjing , Kong Dezhi , Xu Tingting , Shi Yumeng , Li Xinjian , Yang Hui Ying , Wang Ye , Wu Zhong‐Shuai
Published: June 2024

As a promising anode material for Na‐metal batteries, the practical application of Na metal is severely hindered due to the formation of the notorious dendrite and unstable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI). To address these issues, a direct‐ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology is proposed to construct an artificial 3D hierarchical porous sodiophilic Nb2CTx/reduced graphene‐oxide (Nb2CTx/rGO) aerogel monolith, which is employed as the matrix of Na metal anode. Benefiting from the homogeneous ion flux and exceptional sodiophilic features, the Nb2CTx nanoflakes embedded within the 3D scaffold regulate the uniform deposition of metallic Na with a stable SEI layer, achieving an ultralong cycle lifespan of 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2 and an impressive Coulombic efficiency of 99.68% over extended lifespan of 7064 h. Further, the in‐depth characterization analysis proves that the formed stable SEI layer consists of an inorganic NaF accumulated in the inner layer and loosely‐bound organic species in the outer layer. Remarkably, when integrated into a Na metal full cell, the reversible capacity reaches 90.22 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1. The work provides a promising strategy to utilize Na metal anodes with long cycle lifespan for next‐generation sodium metal batteries.
Diatom Cribellum‐Inspired Hierarchical Metamaterials: Unifying Perfect Absorption Toward Subwavelength Color Printing
Authors: Xie Xiaohang , Huang Yuwei , Yang Zhiwei , Li Aobo , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2024

Diatom exoskeletons, known as frustules, exhibit a unique multilayer structure that has attracted considerable attention across interdisciplinary research fields as a source of biomorphic inspiration. These frustules possess a hierarchical porous structure, ranging from millimeter‐scale foramen pores to nanometer‐scale cribellum pores. In this study, this natural template for nanopattern design is leveraged to showcase metamaterials that integrates perfect absorption and subwavelength color printing. The cribellum‐inspired hierarchical nanopatterns, organized in a hexagonal unit cell with a periodicity of 300 nm, are realized through a single‐step electron beam lithography process. By employing numerical models, it is uncovered that an additional induced collective dipole mode is the key mechanism responsible for achieving outstanding performance in absorption, reaching up to 99%. Analysis of the hierarchical organization reveals that variations in nanoparticle diameter and inter‐unit‐cell distance lead to shifts and broadening of the resonance peaks. It is also demonstrated that the hierarchical nanopatterns are capable of color reproduction with high uniformity and fidelity, serving as hexagonal pixels for high‐resolution color printing. These cribellum‐inspired metamaterials offer a novel approach to multifunctional metamaterial design, presenting aesthetic potential applications in the development of robotics and wearable electronic devices, such as smart skin or surface coatings integrated with energy harvesting functionalities.
Integrating 3D Printed Grinding Tools and Closed‐Loop Temperature Management for Optimal Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Wang Bixuan , Li Kunyang , Liu Gongyu , Xia Luying , Guan Wenning , Guo Juntong , Xu Jie , Nie Yi , Zhao Yongjie , He Yinfeng , Li Haonan
Published: June 2024

Grinding is a commonly employed surgical technique for the partial removal of bone. However, the grinding process often generates excessive heat at the interface, leading to localized temperature raise. This can result in irreversible damage to not only the bone but also surrounding tissues, such as nerves. Existing devices rely on the continuous application of coolant to mitigate temperature rise. With the rate and location of coolant deposition being primarily empirical, the current process brings potential risks to patients. In this study, a novel grinding device capable of continuously monitoring grinding temperatures and applying coolant precisely when needed is designed. Utilizing additive manufacturing techniques, a customized grinding tool head equipped with embedded temperature sensors and coolant channels is successfully created. This innovation has enabled the development of an intelligent closed‐loop device that provides precise temperature control during surgery. The device effectively maintains the grinding surface temperature within the user‐defined range, with a latency of less than 1 s. Furthermore, the design ensures that the coolant spray outlets remain unobstructed by debris during grinding and effectively removes debris at the interface, reducing the risk of potential complications, such as bone hyperplasia.
Competing s‐p and p‐p Fluctuations in Charge‐Disproportionation of BaBiO3
Authors: Sarkar Sumit , Choudhary Ram Janay , Sharma Manju , Raghunathan Rajamani
Published: June 2024

Here, the mechanism of charge‐disproportionation (CD) in BaBiO3 (BBO) using density functional theory under different crystal symmetries and by employing strain as an external perturbation is investigated. The competition between Bi 6sp–O 2p (s‐p) and O 2p–O 2p (p‐p) or Bi 6p–O 2p charge fluctuations decides the electronic ground state, CD, and bond‐disproportionation (BD) in BBO. An extended Hubbard Hamiltonian involving onsite (U) and long‐range (V) coulomb repulsion is also employed to ascertain the microscopic conditions for forming the lone pair on the bismuth site. A strong tensile strain increases p‐p fluctuation and drives the system into a strong negative‐CT character, while a strong compressive strain favors s‐p fluctuation leading to the enhanced positive‐CT character. This indicates that the change transfer energy of the bulk BBO can be tuned with external strain.
Heat‐Dissipation Design and 3D Printing of Ternary Silver Chalcogenide‐Based Thermoelectric Legs for Enhancing Power Generation Performance
Authors: Kim Keonkuk , Choo Seungjun , Lee Jungsoo , Ju Hyejin , Jung Soo‐ho , Jo Seungki , Lee So‐Hyeon , Baek Seongheon , Kim Ju‐Young , Kim Kyung Tae , Chae Han Gi , Son Jae Sung
Published: June 2024

Thermoelectric devices have received significant attention because of their potential for sustainable energy recovery. In these devices, a thermal design that optimizes heat transfer and dissipation is crucial for maximizing the power output. Heat dissipation generally requires external active or passive cooling devices, which often suffer from inevitable heat loss and heavy systems. Herein, the design of heat‐sink integrated thermoelectric legs is proposed to enhance heat dissipation without external cooling devices, realized by finite element model simulation and 3D printing of ternary silver chalcogenide‐based thermoelectric materials. Owing to the self‐induced surface charges of the synthesized AgBiSe2 (n‐type) and AgSbTe2 (p‐type) particles, these particle‐based colloidal inks exhibited high viscoelasticity, which enables the creation of complex heat‐dissipation architectures via 3D printing. Power generators made from 3D‐printed heat‐dissipating legs exhibit higher temperature differences and output power than traditional cuboids, offering a new strategy for enhancing thermoelectric power generation.
A rat model of multicompartmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and profound anemia
Authors: Kelly Lauren S. , Munley Jennifer A. , Pons Erick E. , Kannan Kolenkode B. , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Bible Letitia E. , Efron Philip A. , Mohr Alicia M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. Preclinical rodent trauma models are the mainstay of postinjury research but have been criticized for not fully replicating severe human trauma. The aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicompartmental injury which recreates profound traumatic injury.

Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock (LCHS), multicompartmental polytrauma (PT) (unilateral lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, cecectomy, bifemoral pseudofracture), or naïve controls. Weight, plasma toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), hemoglobin, spleen to body weight ratio, bone marrow (BM) erythroid progenitor (CFU‐GEMM, BFU‐E, and CFU‐E) growth, plasma granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7, with significance defined as p values <0.05 (*).

Results

Polytrauma resulted in markedly more profound inhibition of weight gain compared to LCHS (p = 0.0002) along with elevated plasma TLR4 (p < 0.0001), lower hemoglobin (p < 0.0001), and enlarged spleen to body weight ratios (p = 0.004). Both LCHS and PT demonstrated suppression of CFU‐E and BFU‐E growth compared to naïve (p < 0.03, p < 0.01). Plasma G‐CSF was elevated in PT compared to both naïve and LCHS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.02). LCHS and PT demonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with poor alveolar wall integrity and interstitial edema.

Conclusions

Multicompartmental injury as described here establishes a reproducible model of multicompartmental injury with worsened anemia, splenic tissue enlargement, weight loss, and increased inflammatory activity compared to a less severe model. This may serve as a more effective model to recreate profound traumatic injury to replicate the human inflammatory response postinjury.
Surface Molecular Engineering for Fully Textured Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jun , Yang Shaofei , Jiang Long , Fan Ke , Liu Zhiliang , Liu Wentao , Li Wei , Huang Haitao , Zhang Hong , Yao Kai
Published: June 2024

Developing large‐scale monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem devices based on industrial Czochralski silicon wafers will likely have to adopt double‐side textured architecture, given their optical benefits and low manufacturing costs. However, the surface engineering strategies that are widely used in solution‐processed perovskites to regulate the interface properties are not directly applicable to micrometric textures. Here, we devise a surface passivation strategy by dynamic spray coating (DSC) fluorinated thiophenethylammonium ligands, combining the advantages of providing conformal coverage and suppressing phase conversion on textured surfaces. From the viewpoint of molecular engineering, theoretical calculation and experimental results demonstrate that introducing trifluoromethyl group provide more effective surface passivation through strong interaction and energy alignment by forming a dipole layer. Consequently, the DSC treatment of this bifunctional molecule enables the tandem cells based on industrial silicon wafers to achieve a certified stabilized power conversion efficiency of 30.89 %. In addition, encapsulated devices display excellent operational stability by retaining over 97 % of their initial performance after 600 h continuous illumination.
Superionic Conduction in K3SbS4 Enabled by Cl‐Modified Anion Lattice
Authors: Chen Yudan , Wang Pengbo , Truong Erica , Ogbolu Bright , Jin Yongkang , Oyekunle Ifeoluwa , Liu Haoyu , Islam M. Mahinur , Poudel Tej , Huang Chen , Hung Ivan , Gan Zhehong , Hu Yan‐Yan
Published: June 2024

All‐solid‐state potassium batteries emerge as promising alternatives to lithium batteries, leveraging their high natural abundance and cost‐effectiveness. Developing potassium solid electrolytes (SEs) with high room‐temperature ionic conductivity is critical for realizing efficient potassium batteries. In this study, we present the synthesis of K2.98Sb0.91S3.53Cl0.47, showcasing a room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 0.32 mS/cm and a low activation energy of 0.26 eV. This represents an increase of over two orders of magnitude compared to the parent compound K3SbS4, marking the highest reported ionic conductivity for non‐oxide potassium SEs. Solid‐state 39K magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance on K2.98Sb0.91S3.53Cl0.47 reveals an increased population of mobile K+ ions with fast dynamics. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations further confirm a delocalized K+ density and significantly enhanced K+ diffusion. This work demonstrates diversification of the anion sublattice as an effective approach to enhance ion transport and highlights K2.98Sb0.91S3.53Cl0.47 as a promising SE for all‐solid‐state potassium batteries.
Interfacial Stabilization by Prelithiated Trithiocyanuric Acid as an Organic Additive in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Braks Leonie , Zhang Jinsong , Forster Alexander , Fritz Patrick , Oh Jihoon , El Kazzi Mario , Choi Jang Wook , Coskun Ali
Published: June 2024

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) with a lithium metal anode (LMA) is a promising candidate to surpass conventional Li‐ion batteries owing to their inherent safety against fire hazards and potential to achieve a higher energy density. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window and chemical reactivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte towards the LMA results in interfacial degradation and poor electrochemical performance. In this direction, we introduce an organic additive approach, that is the mixing of prelithiated trithiocyanuric acid, Li3TCA, with Li6PS5Cl, to establish a stable interface while preserving high ionic conductivity. Including 2.5 wt % Li3TCA alleviates the decomposition of the electrolyte on the lithium metal interface, decreasing the Li2S content in the solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) thus forming a more stable interface. In Li|Li symmetric cells, this strategy enables a rise in the critical current density from 1.0 to 1.9 mA cm−2 and stable cycling for over 750 hours at a high current density of 1.0 mA cm−2. This approach also enables Li|NbO‐NCM811 full cell to operate more than 500 cycles at 0.3 C.
The mechanical behavior of epoxy resin foams and the numerical simulation based on phenomenological strain rate‐dependent constitutive model and cellular structure
Authors: Ling Yijie , Chen Yichong , Yao Shun , Hu Dongdong , Xi Zhenhao , Zhao Ling
Published: June 2024

Epoxy resin foams are lightweight materials commonly utilized as core materials in shipbuilding and aerospace applications. Mechanical properties and yielding behavior were the basis of the application of epoxy resin foams. In order to reveal the yield behavior and mechanical properties of epoxy resin foams. The compression and tension behavior of epoxy resin foams were investigated. The compression modulus and the tensile modulus increased with the strain rates and foams' density. Epoxy resin foams exhibited excellent toughness and the maximum elongation at break could reach 17.2%. The mechanical properties ( < 5%) of epoxy resin foams were successfully predicted through combining phenomenological strain rate‐dependent constitutive model for epoxy resin and cell structures. The yield point was represented through the elastic strain fraction. The compressive elastic strain fraction () was 0.908, and the tensile elastic strain fraction () was 0.884.
Occurrence, distribution and threats to mobulid rays in Brazil: A review and updated database
Authors: Bucair Nayara , Mendonça Sibele , Santos Paulo R.S. , Chelotti Luiza D. , Santander‐Neto Jones , Nunes Jorge L.S. , Charvet Patricia , Sampaio Claudio L.S. , Rincon Getulio , Gadig Otto B.F. , Dias June F. , Francini‐Filho Ronaldo B.
Published: June 2024

Mobulid rays are medium‐ to large‐sized pelagic‐dwelling planktivorous elasmobranchs that are circumglobally distributed. Brazil has a high diversity of Mobula species, with five of the nine globally valid species and one additional putative new species.

Brazil represents a substantial knowledge gap concerning the ecology, distribution and threats to mobulid rays. In global distribution analyses, several species have been underrepresented along the Brazilian coast.

The dataset is composed of information from peer‐reviewed and grey literature, as well as data from scientific expeditions, citizen science collaboration, social media and local news.

We found 6,450 records of manta and devil rays along the Brazilian coast, including Mobula tarapacana, Mobula mobular, Mobula thurstoni, Mobula hypostoma, Mobula birostris and the putative new species (Mobula cf. birostris).

Our results revealed alarmingly high captures, such as 4.5 tons of M. hypostoma in a single fishery cruise and 809 individuals of Mobula spp. from a single fleet during one year in the Southeastern region.

These findings evidence the fisheries' threats to mobulid species in Brazil and highlight previously unnoted species records, such as the occurrence of M. hypostoma on the entire Brazilian continental shelf, including estuaries and M. tarapacana in coastal regions.

Integrative information on the occurrence, distribution, and threats to mobulid rays on local and global scales is crucial to supporting strategies for their effective management and conservation.
Design of Coatings for Sulfur‐Based Cathode Materials in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries: A review
Authors: Cai Dandan , Zheng Feng , Li Ying , Zhang Caizhi , Qin Ziwei , Li Wenxian , Liu Yang , Li Aijun , Zhang Jiujun
Published: June 2024

Lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered next‐generation energy storage and conversion solutions owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and the high abundance/low‐cost of sulfur‐based cathode materials. However, LSBs still encounter significant challenges, including the low conductivities of sulfur‐based materials, severe volumetric expansion of sulfur during the discharge process, and the persistent “shuttle effect” of polysulfides. In recent years, a tremendous amount of research has been conducted to address the above challenges by developing coating and compositing materials and corresponding fabrication strategies for sulfur‐based cathode materials. In this study, the surface coating, compositing materials, and fabrication methodologies of LSB cathodes are comprehensively reviewed in terms of advanced materials, structure/component characterization, functional mechanisms, and performance validation. Some technical challenges are analyzed in detail, and possible future research directions are proposed to overcome the challenges toward practical applications of lithium‐sulfur batteries.