bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ménière’s Disease: Insights from an Italian Nationwide Survey
Authors: Mammarella Fulvio , Loperfido Antonella , Keeling Elizabeth G. , Bellocchi Gianluca , Marsili Luca
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was to obtain data from a large community sample of patients with Ménière’s disease (MD) in Italy through a web-based nationwide survey. Demographic, clinical, and epidemiological features of MD among members of the Italian Association of Ménière’s Disease (AMMI) were collected through a web-based survey. The questionnaire was posted on the AMMI website between 01/SEP/2021 and 31/OCT/2021. A total of 520 patients (374 F, 146 M) with MD were included. The age at interview (average ± standard deviation, SD) was 51.4 ± 10.9 years, with a disease duration of 9.9 ± 9.8 years. Eighty percent of cases were unilateral. No patients reported neurocognitive disorders or Parkinson’s disease. A positive family history of MD was reported in 13% of participants, while a history of allergic diseases was reported in 33%. Comorbid thyroid disorders were present in 25% of participants, and 28% used betahistine as the main treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated the epidemiology and current patterns of care of MD in Italy, using an anonymous survey directly sent to patients, thus implying their active participation. We hope that future studies will support the utilization of web-based surveys to address the unmet needs in the management of patients with MD.
Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte (LHCE) for Fast Charging Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Jingru , Shi Xixiu , Wang Wenyang , Liu Zhaoping , Shen Cai
Published: February 2023

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) significantly influences the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. Traditional electrolytes, particularly ether electrolytes, make it challenging to form a stable SEI film, and the corresponding lithium-ion batteries frequently exhibit poor electrochemical performance. In this paper, we develop a stable SEI film to improve fast charging and cycle performance using a localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE). A unique solvation sheath formed by the coordination of Li+, anion, and solvent in the LHCE caused the anion to migrate quickly to the surface of the graphite anode and decompose to form a LiF-rich SEI. A LHCE enabled the Li||C battery to maintain a capacity of 124 mAh g−1 at a rate of 5 C, and the capacity remained at 289 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at a rate of 0.1 C, with a capacity retention rate of 73% and an average coulomb efficiency of about 99.8%, thus demonstrating excellent long-cycle performance. The LFP||Li battery capacity at a 5 C rate can also be maintained at 102 mAh g−1.
An Enhanced 3D Model of Intravascular Lymphatic Valves to Assess Leaflet Apposition and Transvalvular Differences in Wall Distensibility
Authors: Bertram Christopher D. , Davis Michael J.
Published: February 2023

Lymphatic valves operate in a fluid-dynamically viscous environment that has little in common with that of cardiac valves, and accordingly have a different, axially lengthened, shape. A previously developed 3D fluid/structure interaction model of a lymphatic valve was extended to allow the simulation of stages of valve closure after the leaflets come together. This required that the numerical leaflet be prevented from passing into space occupied by the similar other leaflet. The resulting large deflections of the leaflet and lesser deflections of the rest of the valve were mapped as functions of the transvalvular pressure. In a second new development, the model was reconstructed to allow the vessel wall to have different material properties on either side of where the valve leaflet inserts into the wall. As part of this, a new pre-processing scheme was devised which allows easier construction of models with modified valve dimensions, and techniques for successfully interfacing the CAD software to the FE software are described. A two-fold change in wall properties either side of the leaflet made relatively little difference to valve operation apart from affecting the degree of sinus distension during valve closure. However, the numerically permitted strains were modest (<14%), and did not allow examination of the large-scale highly nonlinear elastic properties exhibited by real lymphatic vessels. A small series of murine popliteal, mesenteric, and inguinal-axillary lymphatic vessel segments containing a valve were experimentally investigated ex vivo. The pressure–diameter curves measured just upstream and just downstream of the valve were parameterised by computing the difference in tubular distensibility at three values of transmural pressure. In the popliteal and mesenteric segments, it was found that the distensibility was usually greater just downstream, i.e., in the sinus region, than upstream, at low and intermediate transmural pressure. However, there was wide variation in the extent of difference, and possible reasons for this are discussed.
Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages
Authors: Hajrudinović-Bogunić Alma , Frajman Božo , Schönswetter Peter , Siljak-Yakovlev Sonja , Bogunić Faruk
Published: February 2023

The interplay of polyploidisation, hybridization, and apomixis contributed to the exceptional diversity of Sorbus (Rosaceae), giving rise to a mosaic of genetic and morphological entities. The Sorbus austriaca species complex from the mountains of Central and South-eastern Europe represents an allopolyploid apomictic system of populations that originated following hybridisation between S. aria and S. aucuparia. However, the mode and frequency of such allopolyploidisations and the relationships among different, morphologically more or less similar populations that have often been described as different taxa remain largely unexplored. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequencing, and analyses of nuclear microsatellites, along with multivariate morphometrics and ploidy data, to disentangle the relationships among populations within this intricate complex. Our results revealed a mosaic of genetic lineages—many of which have not been taxonomically recognised—that originated via multiple allopolyploidisations. The clonal structure within and among populations was then maintained via apomixis. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification in Europe.
Investigation of the Impact of Lipid Acyl Chain Saturation on Fusion Peptide Interactions with Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Heller William T. , Zolnierczuk Piotr A.
Published: February 2023

The interaction of many peptides with lipid bilayer membranes strongly depends on the lipid composition. Here, a study of the impact of unsaturated lipid acyl chains on the interaction of a derivative of the HIV-1 fusion peptide with lipid bilayer vesicles is presented. Lipid bilayer vesicles composed of mixtures of lipids with two saturated acyl chains and lipids and one saturated and one unsaturated acyl chain, but identical head groups, were studied. The dependence of the peptide conformation on the unsaturated lipid content was probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy, while the impact of the peptide on the bilayer structure was determined by small-angle neutron scattering. The impact of the peptide on the lipid bilayer vesicle dynamics was investigated using neutron spin echo spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to characterize the behavior of the systems studied to determine if there were clear differences in their physical properties. The results reveal that the peptide–bilayer interaction is not a simple function of the unsaturated lipid acyl chain content of the bilayer. Instead, the peptide behavior is more consistent with that seen for the bilayer containing only unsaturated lipids, which is supported by lipid-specific interactions revealed by the simulations.
Investigating the Electric Field Lysis of Exosomes Immobilized on the Screen-Printed Electrode and Electrochemical Sensing of the Lysed-Exosome-Derived Protein
Authors: Pammi Guru Krishna Thej , Praween Nusrat , Basu Palash Kumar
Published: February 2023

It is important to isolate exosomes (<150 nm) from biofluid for diagnosis or prognosis purposes, followed by sensing of exosomal proteins. In the present work, exosomes are isolated from human serum by immobilizing on a Screen-Printed Electrode (SPE) followed by electric field lysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-based sensing of relevant exosomal proteins (HSP70 and HER2). Upon immobilization of exosomes on the surface, the role of different electrical signals (sinusoidal and square wave) in the lysis of exosomes was studied by varying the frequency and voltage. HSP70 was used for EIS to determine the optimal voltage and frequency for lysing the exosomes. It was observed that the low frequencies and, specifically, sinusoidal signals are ideal for lysing exosomes as compared to square signals. The relative quantity of HSP70 obtained by lysing with different voltages (sinusoidal waveform) was compared using Western blotting. After electric field lysis of the exosome with an optimized signal, HER2, a breast cancer biomarker, was detected successfully from serum by EIS. In the proposed technique, 3.5 × 108 exosomes/mL were isolated from serum. With the limit of detection of 10 pg, the designed cell showed a linear detection of HER2 from 0.1 ng to 1 µg. It was observed from the results that the electric field lysis of exosomes not only plays a significant role in releasing the cargo protein but also improves the sensing of surface proteins associated with exosomes.
Microfluidics as a Ray of Hope for Microplastic Pollution
Authors: Ece Emre , Hacıosmanoğlu Nedim , Inci Fatih
Published: February 2023

Microplastic (MP) pollution is rising at an alarming rate, imposing overwhelming problems for the ecosystem. The impact of MPs on life and environmental cycles has already reached a point of no return; yet global awareness of this issue and regulations regarding MP exposure could change this situation in favor of human health. Detection and separation methods for different MPs need to be deployed to achieve the goal of reversing the effect of MPs. Microfluidics is a well-established technology that enables to manipulate samples in microliter volumes in an unprecedented manner. Owing to its low cost, ease of operation, and high efficiency, microfluidics holds immense potential to tackle unmet challenges in MP. In this review, conventional MP detection and separation technologies are comprehensively reviewed, along with state-of-the-art examples of microfluidic platforms. In addition, we herein denote an insight into future directions for microfluidics and how this technology would provide a more efficient solution to potentially eradicate MP pollution.
Exogenous Cannabinoids Impair Effort-Related Decision-Making via Affecting Neural Synchronization between the Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Fatahi Zahra , Fatahi Mohammad , Mirramezani Alizamini Mirmohammadali , Ghorbani Ahmad , Zibaii Mohammad Ismail , Haghparast Abbas
Published: February 2023

Humans and animals frequently make an endeavor-based choice based on assessing reinforcement value and response costs. The cortical-limbic-striatal pathway mediates endeavor-based choice behavior, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Furthermore, cannabinoid agonists demonstratively impairs decision-making processes. In this study, neural synchronization and functional connectivity between the NAc and ACC while endeavor-related decision-making and reaching reward were evaluated. The effect of exogenous cannabinoids on this synchronization was then assessed. A T-maze decision-making task with a differential expense (low vs. high endeavor) and remuneration (low vs. high remuneration) was performed and local field potentials (LFP) from the ACC and NAc were registered simultaneously. Results showed functional connectivity during endeavor-related decision-making while the animals chose the high endeavor/high remuneration in both regions’ delta/beta (1–4 and 13–30 Hertz) frequency bands. Furthermore, functional connectivity existed between both areas in delta/theta (1–4 and 4–12) frequencies while reaching a remuneration. However, neural simultaneity was not observed while the animals received cannabinoid agonists, making a decision and reaching remuneration. The obtained results demonstrated that functional connectivity and neural simultaneity between the NAc and ACC in delta/beta and delta/theta frequencies have a role in endeavor-related decision-making and reaching remuneration, respectively. The effect of exogenous cannabinoids on decision-making impairment is relevant to changes in the ACC and NAC brain wave frequencies.
A Survey on Perceived Indoor Acoustic Quality by Workers from Home during COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy
Authors: Scamoni Fabio , Salamone Francesco , Scrosati Chiara
Published: February 2023

From March 2020, Italians experienced lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. People had to share common living spaces with family members for an extended period converting their home into workplaces. This resulted in changes to everyday life noises with implications in terms of perception of indoor acoustic quality. An online survey was designed and distributed to Italian residents to assess how they perceived the indoor quality of domestic spaces when working from home. A total of 330 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The paper reports the results of the analyses carried out, focusing on the acoustic quality in home spaces and the satisfaction of the respondents, including an analysis of the housing context. Most respondents attach great importance to the acoustic aspects in judging the quality of the living environment and believe that the acoustic quality can improve the performance of their work. The comparison between pre-lockdown and lockdown periods shows that noises inside the building prevail over those coming from the outside and annoyance is mainly due to noise from shared spaces. The results of this study highlighted how the COVID-19 lockdown was a unique opportunity to draw attention to the importance of the indoor acoustic quality.
Influence of Wetting Conditions and Concrete Strength of Both Substrate and Repair Material on the Bond Capacity of Repaired Joints
Authors: Santos Vinicius Brother dos , Santos Silva Ana Paula Pereira dos , Poncetti Bernardo Lopes , Tolentino Lucas Dezotti , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Vanderlei Romel Dias
Published: February 2023

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an appropriate material to repair and rehabilitate aged structures due to its excellent properties, such as high compressive strength and durability. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of applying UHPC in old buildings as a rehabilitation or repair material, but the bond between concretes needs more investigation. In this sense, the bond between normal-strength concrete (NSC) and UHPC is currently being studied. Three main parameters are responsible for ensuring a good bond: the surface treatment of the substrate (roughness), the wetting conditions, and the mechanical strength of the substrate. Thus, the present study investigated the bond between concretes experimentally. The concrete of the substrate was carried out in three grades: C25, C45, and C60. The repair concretes were C25, C45, C60, and UHPC. The following parameters were evaluated: wetting conditions, air surface dry (ASD), saturated surface dry (SSD), substrate strength, and repair concrete strength. All models received surface treatment by wire brushing. Slant shear and splitting tensile tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical behavior and the failure modes of the bond between concretes. The bond strength was classified and compared to existing predicting models. The results showed that most expressive strength gains occurred in SSD models with lower strength substrates and UHPC. Furthermore, the influence of surface wetting conditions becomes smaller as the strength of the substrate is reduced.
Impact of Stain Normalization on Pathologist Assessment of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Study
Authors: Salvi Massimo , Caputo Alessandro , Balmativola Davide , Scotto Manuela , Pennisi Orazio , Michielli Nicola , Mogetta Alessandro , Molinari Filippo , Fraggetta Filippo
Published: February 2023

In clinical routine, the quality of whole-slide images plays a key role in the pathologist’s diagnosis, and suboptimal staining may be a limiting factor. The stain normalization process helps to solve this problem through the standardization of color appearance of a source image with respect to a target image with optimal chromatic features. The analysis is focused on the evaluation of the following parameters assessed by two experts on original and normalized slides: (i) perceived color quality, (ii) diagnosis for the patient, (iii) diagnostic confidence and (iv) time required for diagnosis. Results show a statistically significant increase in color quality in the normalized images for both experts (p < 0.0001). Regarding prostate cancer assessment, the average times for diagnosis are significantly lower for normalized images than original ones (first expert: 69.9 s vs. 77.9 s with p < 0.0001; second expert: 37.4 s vs. 52.7 s with p < 0.0001), and at the same time, a statistically significant increase in diagnostic confidence is proven. The improvement of poor-quality images and greater clarity of diagnostically important details in normalized slides demonstrate the potential of stain normalization in the routine practice of prostate cancer assessment.
Real-World Data on EGFR and ALK Testing and TKI Usage in Norway—A Nation-Wide Population Study
Authors: Eide Inger Johanne Zwicky , Nilssen Yngvar , Stensland Elin Marie , Brustugun Odd Terje
Published: February 2023

Clinical studies have shown the efficacy of EGFR- and ALK-directed therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Real-world data on, e.g., testing patterns, uptake, and duration of treatment are scarce. Reflex EGFR and ALK testing of non-squamous NSCLCs were implemented in Norwegian guidelines in 2010 and 2013, respectively. We present a complete national registry data on incidence, pathology procedures, and drug prescription in the period of 2013 to 2020. Test rates for both EGFR and ALK increased over time and were 85% and 89%, respectively, at the end of the study period, independent of age up to 85 years. The positivity rate for EGFR was higher among females and young patients, whereas no sex difference was observed for ALK. EGFR-treated patients were older than ALK-treated patients (71 vs. 63 years at start, p < 0.001). Male ALK-treated patients were significantly younger than females at the start of treatment (58 vs. 65 years, p = 0.019). The time from the first dispensation to the last dispensation of TKI (as a surrogate for progression-free survival) was shorter for EGFR- than for ALK-TKI, and survival for both EGFR- and ALK-positive patients was substantially longer than for non-mutated patients. We found a high adherence to molecular testing guidelines, good concordance of mutation positivity and treatment, and the real-world replication of findings in clinical trials, indicating that the relevant patients are provided substantially life-prolonging therapy.
Preparation of S-Scheme g-C3N4/ZnO Heterojunction Composite for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Destruction of Refractory Organic Pollutant
Authors: Sert Buse , Bilici Zeynep , Ocakoglu Kasim , Dizge Nadir , Rad Tannaz Sadeghi , Khataee Alireza
Published: February 2023

In this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based ZnO heterostructure was synthesized using a facile calcination method with urea and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as the initiators. According to the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, spherical ZnO particles can be seen along the g-C3N4 nanosheets. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the successful synthesis of the g-C3N4/ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was tested for the decolorization of crystal violet (CV) as an organic refractory contaminant. The impacts of ZnO molar ratio, catalyst amount, CV concentration, and H2O2 concentration on CV degradation efficiency were investigated. The obtained outcomes conveyed that the ZnO molar ratio in the g-C3N4 played a prominent role in the degradation efficiency, in which the degradation efficiency reached 95.9% in the presence of 0.05 mmol of ZnO and 0.10 g/L of the catalyst in 10 mg/L of CV through 120 min under UV irradiation. Bare g-C3N4 was also tested for dye decolorization, and a 76.4% dye removal efficiency was obtained. The g-C3N4/ZnO was also tested for adsorption, and a 32.3% adsorption efficiency was obtained. Photocatalysis, in comparison to adsorption, had a dominant role in the decolorization of CV. Lastly, the results depicted no significant decrement in the CV degradation efficiency in the presence of the g-C3N4/ZnO photocatalyst after five consecutive runs.
Bio-Adipic Acid Production from Muconic Acid Hydrogenation on Palladium-Transition Metal (Ni and Zn) Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Zanella Elisa , Secundo Lorenzo , Bellomi Silvio , Vomeri Alessandro , Villa Alberto , Pirola Carlo
Published: February 2023

The hydrogenation of muconic acid (MA) to bio-adipic acid (AdA) is one of the green chemical processes that has attracted the most interest in recent years. Indeed, MA can be readily obtained from biomass through fermentative processes. Here, we aimed to investigate the synergic effect of electronic promotion that the addition of a second metal, even in small quantities, can have on Pd-based catalyst, known for its low stability. Ni and Zn were taken into consideration and two different catalysts (1%Pd8Ni2/HHT and 1%Pd8Zn2/HHT) were synthetized by sol immobilization method and supported on high-temperature, heat-treated carbon nanofibers (HHT-CNFs) that are known to enhance the stability of palladium. The catalysts were tested in MA hydrogenation and thoroughly characterized by TEM, ICP, and XPS analysis to unveil the effect of the second metal. To solve the solubility issue and have a starting material as similar as feasible to the post-fermentation conditions of the biomass, sodium muconate salt was chosen as a substrate for the reaction. All of the synthetized bimetallic catalysts showed a higher activity than monometallic Pd and better stability during the recycling tests, pointing out that even a small amount of these two metals can increase the catalytic properties of monometallic Pd.
Effect of pH on Microstructure and Catalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde in MnO2 Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Wenrui , Hao Meilu , Wang Yonghui , Sun Pengfei , Zeng Dongjuan , Wang Xinya , Liang Peng
Published: February 2023

Layered δ-MnO2 catalysts were prepared using the one-step redox method in precursor solutions with five different pH values (pH = 7, 9, 11, 13, and 14). The effects of pH on the physical properties and catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated through XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, H2-TPR, and HCHO degradation tests at room temperature. The results showed that the layer spacing, manganese vacancy content, Mn4+/Mn3+ ratio, and surface-reactive oxygen species content of MnO2 increased with the increase in pH value in the alkaline range. When the catalyst was prepared at pH = 13, the above characteristics of the catalyst reached the optimal value which contributed to the high catalytic activity. Combined with the related characterization results, it was proved that changing the pH can affect the degree of oxidation in the catalyst synthesis process, increase the number of active oxygen and the oxygen mobility of the catalyst, and effectively improve the catalytic activity of the manganese dioxide catalyst for HCHO. This work represents a giant step toward the preparation of an effective catalyst for practical applications of HCHO removal at room temperature at a low concentration and high velocity.
Optimizing In Situ Combustion with Manganese (II) Oxide Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Heavy Oil Oxidation
Authors: Khelkhal Mohammed-Amine , Eskin Alexey , Varfolomeev Mikhail
Published: February 2023

The combustion front is a crucial parameter in determining the efficiency of in situ combustion techniques during enhanced oil recovery. Nowadays, catalytic systems are widely believed to be an efficient tool to stabilize the combustion front. This study aimed to investigate the synthesis and catalytic activity of manganese (II) oxide nanoparticles in the high-temperature oxidation of heavy oils. The synthesis and catalytic activity of manganese (II) oxide nanoparticles in the high and low-temperature oxidation regions of heavy oil were investigated in this study. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized and studied by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis combined with the Kissinger isoconversional method. The obtained results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles had an average size of 17 ± 4 nm and a specific surface area of 38.2 ± 0.1 m2 g−1, with a pore size distribution of ~8 nm. The low and high-temperature oxidation processes’ activation energies were found to be 98.9 ± 0.7 kJ/mol and 151.9 ± 0.6 kJ/mol, respectively, in the presence of nanoparticles. However, these parameters were found to be equal to 110.1 ± 1.8 kJ/mol and 142.8 ± 8.3 kJ/mol, respectively, in the absence of nanoparticles. These data were processed further by calculating the corresponding reaction rates. The obtained results indicated that the rate of heavy oil oxidation was higher in the presence of the synthesized nanoparticles, which could play a critical role in stabilizing the combustion front in the in situ combustion process.
Lipase B from Candida antarctica in Highly Saline AOT-Water-Isooctane Reverse Micelle Systems for Enhanced Esterification Reaction
Authors: Márquez-Villa José Martín , Mateos-Díaz Juan Carlos , Rodríguez Jorge A. , Camacho-Ruíz Rosa María
Published: February 2023

Butyl oleate synthesis by the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) under extreme halophilic conditions was investigated in the present research through the AOT/Water/Isooctane reverse micellar system. The impact of aqueous content (Wo=H2OSurfactant) and NaCl variation on the enzymatic activity of CalB in the butyl oleate reaction in reverse micelles was explored. The results indicated that, based on the increase of NaCl, it is remarkable to achieve higher enzymatic activity up to 444.85 μmolmin at 5 M NaCl and Wo = 10, as the best esterification conditions at pH 7.2 and 30 °C. However, it was clear that butyl oleate synthesis by lipase CalB increased based on the reduction in the average reverse micelle size, where reverse micelle sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). This increase in butyl oleate synthesis demonstrated the potential of reverse micelles as systems that enhance mass transport phenomena in heterogeneous biocatalysis. Furthermore, reverse micelles are promising systems for extreme halophilic lipases research.
Olfactory Regeneration with Nasally Administered Murine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Olfactory Epithelium Damaged Mice
Authors: Ishikura Tomoko , Shiga Hideaki , Nakamura Yuka , Kanitani Takako , Ishigaki Yasuhito , Miwa Takaki
Published: February 2023

In this study, we aimed to determine whether nasally administered murine adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) could support olfactory regeneration in vivo. Olfactory epithelium damage was induced in 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice by intraperitoneal injection of methimazole. Seven days later, OriCell adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic C57BL/6 mice were nasally administered to the left nostril of these mice, and their innate odor aversion behavior to butyric acid was assessed. Mice showed significant recovery of odor aversion behavior, along with improved olfactory marker protein (OMP) expression on both sides of the upper-middle part of the nasal septal epithelium assessed by immunohistochemical staining 14 d after the treatment with ADSCs compared with vehicle control animals. Nerve growth factor (NGF) was detected in the ADSC culture supernatant, NGF was increased in the nasal epithelium of mice, and GFP-positive cells were observed on the surface of the left side nasal epithelium 24 h after left side nasal administration of ADSCs. The results of this study suggest that the regeneration of olfactory epithelium can be stimulated by nasally administered ADSCs secreting neurotrophic factors, thereby promoting the recovery of odor aversion behavior in vivo.
Gold(III) Chloride-Mediated Transformation of Furfural to the trans-N,N-4,5-Diaminocyclopent-2-enones in the Presence of Anilines
Authors: Tzani Marina A. , Lykakis Ioannis N.
Published: February 2023

We investigated the efficient approach of a series of trans-N,N-4,5-substituted-diaminocyclopent-2-enones (trans-DACPs) from furfural and anilines mediated by Gold(III) chloride (HAuCl4). The present protocol required a low amount of the catalysts, 1.5 mol%, open air conditions, the absence of any additives, and short reaction times. The desired trans-DACPs were isolated in good to high yields. The protocol was also applied to secondary amines, leading to the corresponding 4,5-diamino-cyclopent-2-enones in good yields. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first gold-mediated paradigm as an efficient catalyst for the formation of the cyclopentenones core-bearing C-N bonds under mild reaction conditions.
Introduction of a Novel Sequential Approach to the Ponte Osteotomy to Minimize Spinal Canal Exposure
Authors: Hollyer Ian , Johnson Taylor Renee , Kha Stephanie Tieu , Foreman Cameron , Ho Vivian , Klemt Christian , Chan Calvin K. , Vorhies John Schoeneman
Published: February 2023

Ponte osteotomy is an increasingly popular technique for multiplanar correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Prior cadaveric studies have suggested that sequential posterior spinal releases increase spinal flexibility. Here we introduce a novel technique involving a sequential approach to the Ponte osteotomy that minimizes spinal canal exposure. One fresh-frozen adult human cadaveric thoracic spine specimen with 4 cm of ribs was divided into three sections (T1–T5, T6–T9, T10–L1) and mounted for biomechanical testing. Each segment was loaded with five Newton meters under four conditions: baseline inferior facetectomy with supra/interspinous ligament release, superior articular process (SAP) osteotomy in situ, spinous process (SP) osteotomy in situ, and complete posterior column osteotomy with SP/SAP excision and ligamentum flavum release (PCO). Compared to baseline, in situ SAP osteotomy alone provided 3.5%, 7.6%, and 7.2% increase in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively. In situ SP osteotomy increased flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation by 15%, 18%, and 10.3%, respectively. PCO increased flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation by 19.6%, 28.3%, and 12.2%, respectively. Our report introduces a novel approach where incremental increases in range of motion can be achieved with minimal spinal canal exposure and demonstrates feasibility in a cadaveric model.
Neuropsychological Outcomes of Children Treated for Brain Tumors
Authors: Pancaldi Alessia , Pugliese Marisa , Migliozzi Camilla , Blom Johanna , Cellini Monica , Iughetti Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are the most common solid tumors diagnosed in children. CNS tumors represent the leading cause of cancer death and cancer-related morbidity for children less than 20 years of age, although there has been a moderate increase in survival rates over the past several decades. The average survival at 5 years now nearly reaches 75%, and for some, non-malignant histology approximates 97% at 20 years from diagnosis. Neurological, cognitive, and neuropsychological deficits are the most disabling long-term effects of brain tumors in children. Childhood is a time of extreme brain sensitivity and the time of life in which most brain development occurs. Thus, the long-term toxicities that children treated for CNS tumors experience can affect multiple developmental domains and day-to-day functioning, ultimately leading to a poor quality of survival (QoS). We reviewed literature focusing on the risk factors for cognitive and neuropsychological impairment in pediatric patients treated for brain tumors with the aim of better understanding who is at major risk and what the best strategies for monitoring these patients are.
MRI Volumetric Analysis of the Hypothalamus and Limbic System across the Pediatric Age Span
Authors: Wagner Matthias W. , Rafful Patricia P. , Vidarsson Logi , Ertl-Wagner Birgit B.
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Literature is scarce regarding volumetric measures of limbic system components across the pediatric age range. The purpose of this study is to remedy this scarcity by reporting continuous volumetric measurements of limbic system components, and to provide consistent stratification data including age-related trajectories and sex-related differences in the pediatric age range in order to improve the recognition of structural variations that might reflect pathology. Methods: In this retrospective study, MRI sequences of children with normal clinical MRI examinations of the brain acquired between January 2010 and December 2019 were included. Isotropic 3D T1-weighted were processed using FreeSurfer version 7.3. Total brain volume and volumes of the limbic system including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, anteroventral thalamic nucleus, and whole thalamus were assessed. Parcellated output was displayed with the respective label map overlay and images were visually inspected for accuracy of regional segmentation results. Continuous data are provided as mean and standard deviation with quadratic trendlines and as mean and 95% confidence intervals. Categorical data are presented as integers and percentages (%). Results: A total of 724 children (401 female, 55.4%), with a mean age at time of MRI of 10.9 ± 4.2 years (range: 1.9–18.2 years), were included in the study. For females, the total brain volume increased from 955 ± 70 mL at the age of 2–3 years to 1140 ± 110 mL at the age of 17–18 years. Similarly, the total brain volume increased for males from 1004 ± 83 mL to 1263 ± 96 mL. The maximum volume was noted at 11–12 years for females (1188 ± 90 mL) and at 14–15 years for males (1310 ± 159 mL). Limbic system structures reached their peak volume more commonly between the 13–14 years to 17–18 years age groups. The male cingulate gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and anteroventral thalamic nucleus reached peak volume before or at 9–10 years. Conclusion: This study provides unique age- and sex-specific volumes of the components of the limbic system throughout the pediatric age range to serve as normal values in comparative studies. Quantification of volumetric abnormalities of the limbic system on brain MRI may offer insights into phenotypical variations of diseases and may help elucidate new pathological phenotypes.
Maximal Exercise Improves the Levels of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Cavalcante Suiane , Viamonte Sofia , Cadilha Rui S. , Ribeiro Ilda P. , Gonçalves Ana Cristina , Sousa-Venâncio João , Gouveia Marisol , Teixeira Manuel , Santos Mário , Oliveira José , Ribeiro Fernando
Published: February 2023

The impact of exercise on the levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), a marker of endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and circulating endothelial cells (CECs), an indicator of endothelial damage, in heart failure patients is largely unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a single exercise bout on the circulating levels of EPCs and CECs in heart failure patients. Thirteen patients with heart failure underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test to assess exercise capacity. Before and after exercise testing, blood samples were collected to quantify EPCs and CECs by flow cytometry. The circulating levels of both cells were also compared to the resting levels of 13 volunteers (age-matched group). The maximal exercise bout increased the levels of EPCs by 0.5% [95% Confidence Interval, 0.07 to 0.93%], from 4.2 × 10−3 ± 1.5 × 10−3% to 4.7 × 10−3 ± 1.8 × 10−3% (p = 0.02). No changes were observed in the levels of CECs. At baseline, HF patients presented reduced levels of EPCs compared to the age-matched group (p = 0.03), but the exercise bout enhanced circulating EPCs to a level comparable to the age-matched group (4.7 × 10−3 ± 1.8 × 10−3% vs. 5.4 × 10−3 ± 1.7 × 10−3%, respectively, p = 0.14). An acute bout of exercise improves the potential of endothelial repair and angiogenesis capacity by increasing the circulating levels of EPCs in patients with heart failure.
Panoramic UAV Image Mosaic Method and Its Application in Pavement Paving Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Sun Rishuang , Xu Jinliang , Zhang Huan
Published: February 2023

The low-altitude technology of unmanned airborne infrared detection system is used to effectively monitor the temperature segregation in the paving stage and realize the temperature uniformity control of asphalt pavement construction. The image mosaic method can splice two images with overlapping areas together to form a panoramic image. In order to solve the problems of long time-consuming and low accuracy of aerial image mosaic algorithm, the low-temperature area of the whole pavement can be obtained quickly and accurately. In this paper, threshold segmentation technology is introduced to convert the image captured by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) into a binary greyscale image so as to compensate for the mosaic error caused by temperature difference. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of splicing, a reference plate is used, which can provide enough feature points for splicing. Finally, the image mosaic method proposed in this paper can quickly obtain the image of the whole low-temperature area of the newly paved asphalt pavement, which has practical value and positive significance for the quality control of asphalt pavement.
Experimental Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Basalt/SiC Nanoparticle/Polyester Hybrid Composite Materials
Authors: Karthik Krishnasamy , Rajamani Devaraj , Venkatesan Elumalai Perumal , Shajahan Mohamed Iqbal , Rajhi Ali A. , Aabid Abdul , Baig Muneer , Saleh Bahaa
Published: February 2023

In recent years, many researchers have focused on the preparation of carbon and basalt fiber-reinforced composites. As a result, the composites have gained popularity as an alternative to traditional materials such as wood, steel, and aluminum. Carbon and basalt fibers were used in a bidirectional woven mat, with particulates varying from 0 to 15 wt% nanoparticle SiC. The hybrid laminates were fabricated through vacuum bag infusion methods. The novelty of the research work lies in studying the influence of nanoparticle SiC-combined carbon and basalt fibers arranged in six stacking sequences, with LY556 used as polyester matrix. Specimens were prepared and tested as per ASTM standards. Tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness tests were performed on the obtained specimens and average values were obtained. It was found that 15% SiC filler addition enhanced (20%) the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope photos revealed the bonding between the fiber mat and the matrix of thecrystal structure. The obtained tensile strength was 346 MPa and the flexural strength was 388 MPa. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that mechanical properties were improved with the addition of 15% SiCnanoparticles. Hence, this method can be used to manufacture structural applications and automotive parts.
Study on Scale and Corrosion Inhibition Performance of Phosphorus-Free Copolymer Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate-Acrylic Acid-Sodium Allyl Sulfonate
Authors: Yu Rong , Lei Huan , Tian Zhao
Published: February 2023

A free radical polymerization method was used to synthesize the phosphorus-free copolymer hydroxyethyl methacrylate-acrylic acid-sodium allyl sulfonate (HEMA-AA-SAS). The structure of HEMA-AA-SAS was characterized, and the scale inhibition performance of the copolymer was determined. Near 100% of scale inhibition was achieved when the copolymer concentration was 6 mg/L, suggesting that HEMA-AA-SAS had a significant effect on the inhibition efficiency. The corrosion inhibition performance of the copolymer and the effects under different water quality conditions were determined using a rotating sample method. When the copolymer with 7.5 mg/L was implemented, the corrosion inhibition effect on the carbon steel hanging sheet reached 88.12%. The effects of copolymers on calcium carbonate crystals were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), which showed that the copolymers could destroy crystal morphology effectively. Through the calculation of the corrosion activation energy, the results show that the corrosion activation energy increases and the corrosion reaction rate decreases after the copolymer has been added. The copolymer HEMA-AA-SAS has excellent scale and corrosion inhibition performance.
On the Oscillating Course of dhkl−sin2ψ Plots for Plastically Deformed, Cold-Rolled Ferritic and Duplex Stainless Steel Sheets
Authors: Simon Nicola , Schell Norbert , Gibmeier Jens
Published: February 2023

This work deals with non-linear dhkl−sin2ψ distributions, often observed in X-ray residual stress analysis of plastically deformed metals. Two different alloys were examined: duplex stainless steel EN 1.4362 with an austenite:ferrite volume ratio of 50:50 and ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4016. By means of an in situ experiment with high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction, the phase-specific lattice strain response under increasing tensile deformation was analysed continuously with a sampling rate of 0.5 Hz. From Debye–Scherrer rings of nine different lattice planes {hkl}, the dhkl−sin2ψ distributions were evaluated and the phase-specific stresses were calculated. For almost all lattice planes investigated, oscillating courses in the dhkl−sin2ψ distributions were observed, already occurring below the macro yield point and increasing in amplitude within the elasto-plastic region. By comparing the loaded and the unloaded state after deformation, the contribution of crystallographic texture and plastically induced intergranular strains to these oscillations could be separated. For the given material states, only a minor influence of crystallographic texture was observed. However, a strong dependence of the non-linearities on the respective lattice plane was found. In such cases, a stress evaluation according to the sin2ψ method leads to errors, which increase significantly if only a limited ψ range is considered.
The Potential of Proton Therapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: Clinical and Technical Considerations
Authors: Lalani N. , Alqarni S. , Jimenez R. B.
Published: February 2023

Proton therapy is a promising therapeutic modality with unique physical properties that allow for abrupt dose fall-off distal to the target of interest, thereby sparing nearby organs at risk. A number of studies have identified the utility of proton radiation in mitigating treatment related sequelae for patients with locally advanced breast cancers. Thus, in the following review, we highlight clinical and technical considerations for proton radiotherapy delivery in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
Nomograms for Predicting Survival Outcomes in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Gallbladder Undergoing Primary Tumor Resection: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Zhang Yu-Rui , Hu Geng-Cheng , Fan Meng-Ke , Yao Hai-Ling , Jiang Chen , Shi Hui-Ying , Lin Rong
Published: February 2023

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the gallbladder (GB-NENs) are a rare group of histologically heterogeneous tumors, and surgical resection of the primary tumor is the mainstream treatment at the moment. The current study aimed to establish and validate novel nomograms for patients with GB-NENs undergoing primary tumor resection to predict the 6-, 12-, and 18-month overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Methods: Clinicopathological information of patients with GB-NENs undergoing primary tumor resection between 2004 and 2018 was derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Candidate prognostic factors were selected by Cox regression analyses, and the nomograms were constructed. Finally, concordance index (C-index), calibration plot, area under the curve from the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) were utilized to assess the effective performance of the nomograms. Results: A total of 221 patients with GB-NENs undergoing resection were enrolled in this retrospective study. Using the Cox regression analyses, age, pathological classification, tumor size, and SEER stage were identified as the independent prognostic factors of patients with GB-NENs undergoing resection, and nomograms were constructed. The C-indexes of OS and CSS in training dataset were 0.802 (95% CI: 0.757–0.848) and 0.846 (95% CI: 0.798–0.895), while those of internal validation dataset were 0.862 (95% CI: 0.802–0.922) and 0.879 (95% CI: 0.824–0.934), respectively. Conclusions: Taken together, the nomograms are accurate enough to predict the prognostic factors of GB-NEN patients undergoing resection, allowing for treatment decision-making and clinical monitoring for future clinical work.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer
Authors: Butler Tamara , Smith Ben , Pilatti Kirsten , Brown Bena , Anderson Kate , Morris Bronwyn , Garvey Gail
Published: February 2023

Little is known about the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) severity, coping strategies, or quality of life impacts for Indigenous populations. This mixed-methods study aimed to (1) quantify FCR levels among Indigenous Australian (i.e., Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander) breast cancer survivors and (2) qualitatively explore experiences of FCR and the coping strategies used. Nineteen participants completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI); ten also completed a semi-structured interview. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed. Average FCR levels (Mean FCRI Total Score = 71.0, SD = 29.8) were higher than in previous studies of Australian breast cancer survivors, and 79% of participants reported sub-clinical or greater FCR (FCRI-Short Form ≥ 13/36). Qualitative themes revealed the pervasiveness of FCR, its impact on family, and exacerbation by experience/family history of comorbid health issues. Cultural identity, family, and a resilient mindset aided coping skills. Greater communication with healthcare providers about FCR and culturally safe and appropriate FCR care were desired. This study is the first to assess FCR among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander breast cancer survivors, extending the limited literature on FCR in Indigenous populations. Results suggest FCR is a significant issue in this population and will inform the development of culturally appropriate interventions to aid coping and improve quality of life.