bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text Modeling Based on the Analysis of Categorical Words
Authors: Wang Xiaoli
Published: July 2019

Recently the most essential research in machine learning is to discover correct topics from large scale of electronic documents, and many studies about text modeling have been made in natural language process with the environment of big data. This paper discusses a fundamental way for people to form words while talking and describing ideas, the document is considered as words convergence and a new method for text modeling based on the relational analysis about verbs, nouns, and modifiers is proposed. Additionally the paper introduces a new algorithm for estimating parameters in the generative probabilities of the model, which can alleviate the process about statistics-based text analysis from computational complexity. Experimental results show that the method improves the quality for learning a document.
A Phoneme Sequence Driven Lightweight End-To-End Speech Synthesis Approach
Authors: Jiang Zite , Qin Feiwei , Zhao Liaoying
Published: July 2019

This paper develops an end-to-end neural network model for text-to-speech (TTS) system based on phoneme sequence. Inspired by the Tacotron-2, the proposed model adopts an encoder-decoder model with attention mechanism and applies mel-spectrogram to measure the intermediate acoustic feature. Phoneme sequence is used to replace the character sequence in order to overcome the shortage of the character feature used in Tacotron-2. Unlike the conventional concatenate methodology based TTS system, our model can generate waveform directly from phoneme sequence. In addition, analogue from text analysis, a new analysis methodology is proposed for phoneme analysis. Experiment result on LJ Speech dataset shows that, compared with char-based model, our model can get a comparative or better performance.
Anomaly Detection of ICS based on EB-OCSVM
Authors: Zhang R B , Xia L H , Lu Y
Published: July 2019

Industrial process anomaly detection mechanisms have been proposed to protect industrial control system to minimize the risk of damage or loss of resources. In this paper, an one-class Support Vector Machine based extended boundary (EB-OSCVM) is used to detect anomalies in industrial multivariate time series data from a simulated Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) with many cyber attacks. In detail, determine the change points of each process variable and capture the causality relationship between the variables based on the location and time delay of the change points. Then, by monitoring the leaf nodes in the causality graph, we can know whether the system is abnormal, it can effectively reduce the dimension of process data. The EB-OSCVM extend classification boundary of OCSVM in order to reduce the error of noise, if data is outside the boundary of EB-OCSVM, there is an anomaly. Finally, tracing the anomaly source according to causal direction. An experiment is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the results demonstrate that the approach presents a high-accuracy solution and traces the source of anomaly correctly.
Optimization of Potato Soil Transportation Separation Mechanism Based on Discrete Element Method and TRIZ Theory
Authors: Xie Haifeng , Gao Guohua , Tian Boxing , Li Bowen , Zhang Sai , Huang Juan
Published: July 2019

In this paper, based on the problem of poor operation of sweet potato harvester, the discrete element method and TRIZ theory are used to optimize the key mechanism. Based on the discrete element method, EDEM software was used to simulate the operation process of the potato soil conveying and separating mechanism, and the optimal combination of working parameters was obtained. The linear velocity of the rod lift was 2.3 m/s, the inclination angle was 18 degrees, and the amplitude was 8 mm. Field experiments were carried out to verify the results. Through the problems in simulation and field experiment, based on TRIZ theory, the improvement scheme is proposed by using physical contradiction, and the two-stage potato soil transport separation mechanism is obtained. The simulation results show that the operation effect is improved obviously. Finally, the optimization of potato soil transport and separation mechanism is completed by determining the optimal working parameters and improving the structure innovation.
An Automatic Electricity Meter Reading System Based on Neural Vision Location
Authors: Yin Jin , Xia Pengfei , He Jingsong , Gu Li , Yang Kejun
Published: July 2019

Remote meter automatic reading and smart meter reading is a vital part of smart grid and has been widely concerned. Traditional manual method is manpower consuming. Developing an automatic electricity ether reading system is necessary in practice. Two particular aspects in this task should be concerned. One is different-perspective problem, which causes by the variations of camera position and leads to pool display localization. Another is information diversity problem. Namely, the electrical meter used in this paper needs to recognize effective information from diversity information. This paper describes a novel automatic electricity meter reading system, which can automatically locate and recognise effective information. For the camera perspective variability problem, we utilize a new localization method based on neural network. Via actual meter monitoring experiment, the result shows our system can efficient recognition and achieve 97% accuracy.
Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Guidance Law with Impact Angle Constraint Considering Autopilot Lag
Authors: Li X B , Zhao G R , Liu S , Han X
Published: July 2019

For the interception problem of maneuvering targets, considering impact angle constraint and first-order autopilot lag, an adaptive integral sliding mode guidance law is designed. A new nonsingular finite-time integral sliding mode surface is constructed, which consists of LOS angle, LOS angular rate and LOS angular acceleration, and ensures that the states of the guidance system converge to zero on the sliding mode surface in a finite time. Moreover, an adaptive law is designed to estimate the upper bound of the target’s unknown acceleration. The Lyapunov stability theory proves that the guidance system can converge to zero strictly in a finite time with the proposed guidance law. Finally, the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the designed guidance law.
Disturbance Observer Based Sliding Mode Control for Marine Diesel Engine
Authors: Li Xuemin , Liu Yufei , Yang Yunlong , Zhang Jian , Wang Runzhi , Feng Chunyue
Published: July 2019

In this work, a disturbance observer is designed to obtain the total disturbance including the unknown part, and the error system of the disturbance observer is proved to be finite-time convergence. Based on the total disturbance, a sliding mode controller with exponential reaching rule is proposed for the speed control system of a marine diesel engine. The performance of the proposed controller and the disturbance observer is tested by the simulations on a marine diesel engine model. It shows that the proposed disturbance observer can achieve satisfactory results, and both the control performance and the robustness of the DOSMC are superior to the PID controller.
Polytopic Model Weighted H∞ Output Feedback Control of Switched Lpv System Based on Mdadt
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xuehai
Published: July 2019

This paper provides and validates a class of weighted H
∞ output feedback controllers of switched LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) systems based on the MDADT (Modal Dependent Average Dwell Time) method. First of all, the article uses a multi-lyapunov function to convert the linear parameter varying system into a polytopic model, and designs a switching law that can guarantee the system to be globally uniform and exponentially stable on the MDADT method. It can be shown that when the state is stable and can be measured in real time, the switching law and weighted H
∞ controllers for each subsystem under the MDADT limit can be calculated. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the feasibility of this method and the stability of the switched LPV system.
A SLAM Algorithm Based on Multi-Constraint Learning Model
Authors: Shi Haibin , Guo Menghao , Zou Yuanbin , Xu Zhi
Published: July 2019

Unsupervised Learning based SLAM algorithm has lately drawn significant attention for its potential in label-free leaning ability and robustness to camera parameters and environmental variations. In order to achieve better robustness and accuracy, a multi-constraint learning model is proposed. In contrast to traditional geometry-based methods, multi-constraint unsupervised learning models optimize the photometric consistency over image sequences by warping one view into another; make the Network learning more geometrically information. A lot of experiments on the KITTI data set show that our model is superior to previous unsupervised methods and has comparable results with the supervised method.
Features of the change in the composition heavy oils of various types and solid asphaltite in the hydrothermal-catalytic conditions
Authors: Kayukova G , Abdrafikova I , Vakhin A , Antipenko V
Published: July 2019

The paper reveals the distinctive features of the change in the composition heavy oils of various types and of natural bitumen - asphaltite from the sandstones of the Permian sediments of the Spiridonovsky field in the territory of Tatarstan, in model experiments at a temperature of 250°C, characteristic for steam-thermal impact on the formation, and the pressure in the system of not more than 2 MPa. The choice of low pressure is due to the fact that bituminous rocks in the Permian sediments occur at relatively shallow depths in the near-surface deposits of the sedimentary strata, which necessitates the development of special technologies for their extraction. The experiments used natural iron oxide - hematite. As a part of the products of asphaltite conversion under the influence of hydrothermal-catalytic factors, the content of hydrocarbons almost 4-fold, the content of alcohol-benzene resins and asphaltenes decreases. The content of benzene resins increases somewhat. The composition of asphaltite proved to be less stable than of heavy oils from age-old sediments, apparently due to special conditions for the formation of its composition in natural conditions under the influence of secondary low-temperature biochemical processes that led to the accumulation of thermally unstable resinous-asphaltene components. Compared with the original asphaltite, in the products of the experiment, the content of alkanes of composition C10-C30 substantially increases with an obvious predominance of homologues with an even number of carbon atoms in the molecule. The product is characterized by a lesser degree of aromaticity and content of sulfoxide groups. The results of the studies showed the possibility of upgrading the composition of solid bitumen - asphaltite in in situ conversion by diluting its composition with lighter newly formed hydrocarbons, due to the destruction of its high molecular weight components.
Overhauser-driven dynamic nuclear polarization for petroleum systems: literature survey and comparing with experiments
Authors: Alexandrov A , Gafurov M.
Published: July 2019

Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) in solutions of various paramagnetic complexes has been studied for 60 years, but only in recent years has found applications of broad interest to biophysical and biomedical sciences, for the investigation of soft materials and biomolecules. Relatively few aplications are focused on the ODNP in petroleum dispersed systems (PDS) like oils, bitumen, their fractions and solutions. This work present a short review of the ODNP studies of PDS with aim to introduce the basic concepts and key values for the effective petroleum ODNP in low and high magnetic fields. Experimental results obtained in our Laboratory by using home-made spectrometer are included. The study can be used for designing ODNP spectrometers, proton precession magnetometers for geological and geophysical exploration, investigation of supramolecular organisation of PDS and their components.
An estimation of Ufimian terrigenous reservoir lithology influence on oil recovery factor by steam stimulation basing on tube experiments
Authors: Rojas A. , Idrisov I. , Sudakov V. , Nurgaliev D. , Grachev A.
Published: July 2019

The settings, scale and geometry of lab facilities to simulate enhanced recovery methods play a significant role in the approximation of underground conditions of oil fields. The reliability more or less of the best replication of these conditions is a question of the reservoir engineer when forecasts are made for cases when enhanced recovery methods are applied. This paper presents the results of two experiments carried on in a steam flooding tube facility adding clay in one of them to assess the influence in temperature growth and production rates and onset times of a highly viscous oil field of the Tatarstan Republic. The results of the runs show that 4% (by weight) of clay content in the porous media has a strong effect on the overall oil recovery, reducing the temperature growth rate in average 73% when steam stimulation methods are used.
Building a model of the isoprene polymerization process in the presence of microheterogeneous neodimiumcatalytic systems
Authors: Miftakhov Eldar , Mustafina Sofya , Medvedeva Olga , Zhavoronkov Dmitriy , Mustafina Svetlana
Published: July 2019

In the research is built the mathematical model of the isoprene polymerization process in the presence of microheterogeneous neodimium catalytic systems. The direct problem is solved and is analyzed the molecular-mass distribution of the polymer. An algorithm of solving the inverse problem for search and elaboration of the kinetic parameters of the research process is developed.
Measurement of Damköhler number on the X-Ray computed tomography basis in the process of heavy oil carbonate reservoir acidizing
Authors: Kadyrov R
Published: July 2019

Nowadays, cases of the joint use of thermal and chemical methods of enhanced oil recovery have become more frequent. In this regard, acid treatment has an important role, which allows increasing the productivity of wells with low-permeability carbonate reservoirs. At the experimental level, the presence of an optimal injection mode has been proven, that depends on the dimensionless of Damköhler number and leads to the formation of “wormholes” of dissolution with increasing reservoir permeability. In this work, a new optimized method for calculating the Damköhler number based on X-ray computed tomography data is proposed. A comparison of the calculation of values by the classical and the new technique for different wormholes is presented.
Analysis of the results of tracer tests for the monitoring of the development of super-viscous oil deposit
Authors: Shipaeva M. S. , Sudakov V. A. , Akhmadullin R. R.
Published: July 2019

The article describes the results of implementation tracer studies at one of the super-viscous oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan. Accurate information on the flow of liquid in oil deposits is absent, this is an obstacle to the successful development of such deposits. The information obtained as a result of tracer studies is an addition to the general history of field development and is used to reduce uncertainties in the construction of geological and hydrodynamic models of deposits. The main tasks were the determination of the hydrodynamic connection between the wells along channels with low filtration resistance, the determination of the filtration rates of the condensate in the reservoir and the heterogeneity of the reservoir in the inter-well space of the investigated section of the oilfield. In order to determine the quality of the hydrodynamic connection within the bituminous deposit, the geological structure, as well as the direction of the filtration streams, a solution of the chemical eosin indicator was pumped into one of the steam injection wells, followed by registration in the samples of the surrounding production wells. To detect fluorescent indicators in the wells, unique equipment was used that significantly reduces the previous sample processing and detection time.
Microstructure characteristics and properties of yttrium-bearing 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel cladding tubes
Authors: Chen Yingxue , Yan Qingzhi , Zhang Xiaoxin , Yang Jiabao , Hong Zhiyuan
Published: July 2019

Thin wall cladding tubes of yttrium-bearing 9Cr ferritic-martensitic steel have been fabricated by cold-rolling process, with the final dimensions of 6 mm outer diameter, 0.5 mm thickness and 3 m length. The changes of microstructure of hot-rolled plate, forged rod and the final tubes were attributed to the cold-rolling process and the intermediate heat treatment. Mechanical properties were tested from room temperature to 600 °C. The final tubes showed the strength level between the traditional ferritic-martensitic steel and the metallurgy alloyed oxide dispersion strengthened steel. It was also found that the degradation of ductility at 400 °C was related to the dynamic strain ageing (DSA) effect. At last, ultra-sound test, flattening test and flaring test were carried out to evaluated the qualities of the final tubes.
Study of A-site disorder dependent structural properties and magnetic ordering in polycrystalline perovskite Sm0.5Ca0.5−xSrxMnO3
Authors: Bally M A A , Khan F A , Islam M A
Published: July 2019

This paper reports the studies on the effect of A-site substitution by strontium on the structural properties and magnetic ordering in polycrystalline perovskite Sm0.5Ca0.5−xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3). The investigated samples are prepared by conventional solid-state reaction technique. XRD analysis at room temperature has confirmed orthorhombic structure of the sample with space group Pnma. The dependence of structural parameter, Curie temperature and coercivity on Sr doping content has been thoroughly investigated. It is observed that substitution of Sr2+ for Ca2+ increases lattice parameter, tolerance factor and the Curie temperature. However, the coercivity (Hc) decreases with increasing Sr content while the charge ordering process is weakened with increasing Sr content. Field cooled (FC) and zero-field cooled (ZFC) dc magnetizations measurements at low field and low temperature indicate that there is a spin-glass (SG) like state occurred. Temperature dependent ac susceptibility at different frequency indicates a spin-glass-like transition of the sample.
Contrasting signatures of distinct human water uses in regulated flow regimes
Authors: Ferrazzi Marta , Botter Gianluca
Published: July 2019

In the last century, about 50,000 dams have been constructed all around the world, and regulated rivers are now pervasive throughout the Earth's landscapes. Damming has produced global-scale alterations of the hydrologic cycle, inducing severe consequences on the ecological and morphological equilibrium of streams. However, a recognizable link between specific uses of reservoirs and their impact on flow regimes has not been disclosed yet. Here, extensive hydrological data are integrated with a physically-based model to investigate hydrological alterations downstream of 47 isolated dams in the Central Eastern U.S. Our results reveal a strong connection between the anthropogenic use and the hydrological impact of dams. Flood control reduces the temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity of river flows proportionally to the specific capacity allocated to mitigate floods (i.e., capacity scaled to the average inflow). Conversely, water supply increases the relative variability and regional heterogeneity of streamflows proportionally to the relative amount of withdrawn inflow. Accordingly, downstream of our multipurpose reservoirs the impact of regulation on streamflow variability is smoothed due to the compensating effect of flood control and water supply. Nevertheless, reservoirs with high storage capacity and overlapping uses produce regulated hydrographs that increase their unpredictability for larger aggregation periods and, thus, resemble an autocorrelated red noise. These findings suggest that the increase of freshwater demand could redefine the cumulative effects of dams at regional scale, reshaping the trajectories of eco-morphological alteration of dammed rivers.
On Lau’s conjecture
Authors: Salame Khadime
Published: July 2019

In 1976 during a conference in Halifax, A. Lau raised the question on whether left amenability property for a semitopological semigroup is sufficient to ensure the existence of a common fixed point for every jointly weak* continuous norm nonexpansive action on a nonempty weak* compact convex set in a dual Banach space. In this paper we establish a positive answer for discrete semigroups and for strongly left amenable semitopological semigroups.
Extremal primes for elliptic curves without complex multiplication
Authors: David C. , Gafni A. , Malik A. , Prabhu N. , Turnage-Butterbaugh C.
Published: July 2019

Fix an elliptic curve

E
E

over

Q

\mathbb {Q}

. An extremal prime for

E
E

is a prime

p
p

of good reduction such that the number of rational points on

E
E

modulo

p
p

is maximal or minimal in relation to the Hasse bound, i.e.,

a
p

(
E
)
=
±

[
2

p

]

a_p(E) = \pm \left [ 2 \sqrt {p} \right ]

. Assuming that all the symmetric power

L
L

-functions associated to

E
E

have analytic continuation for all

s
∈

C

s \in \mathbb {C}

and satisfy the expected functional equation and the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, we provide upper bounds for the number of extremal primes when

E
E

is a curve without complex multiplication. In order to obtain this bound, we use explicit equidistribution for the Sato-Tate measure as in the work of Rouse and Thorner, and refine certain intermediate estimates taking advantage of the fact that extremal primes are less probable than primes where

a
p

(
E
)

a_p(E)

is fixed because of the Sato-Tate distribution.
On sharp bounds for ratios of 𝑘-balanced hypergeometric functions
Authors: Barnard Roger , Richards Kendall , Sliheet Elyssa
Published: July 2019

We extend recently obtained sharp bounds for ratios of zero-balanced hypergeometric functions to the general

k
k

-balanced case,

k
∈

N

k\in \mathbb {N}

. We also discuss the absolute monotonicity of generalizations of previously studied functions involving generalized complete elliptic integrals.
Almost-orthogonality of restricted Haar functions
Authors: Weigt Julian
Published: July 2019

We consider the Haar functions

h
I

h_I

on dyadic intervals. We show that if

p
>

2
3

p>\frac 23

and

E
⊂
[
0
,
1
]

E\subset [0,1]

, then the set of all functions

‖

h
I

1
E

‖
2

−
1

h
I

1
E

\|h_I1_E\|_2^{-1}h_I1_E

with

|

I
∩
E

|

≥
p

|

I

|

|I\cap E|\geq p|I|

is a Riesz sequence. For

p
≤

2
3

p\leq \frac 23

we provide a counterexample.
A Feynman–Kac approach to a paper of Chung and Feller on fluctuations in the coin-tossing game
Authors: Grünbaum F.
Published: July 2019

A classical result of K. L. Chung and W. Feller deals with the partial sums

S
k

S_k

arising in a fair coin-tossing game. If

N
n

N_n

is the number of “positive” terms among

S
1

S_1

,

S
2

S_2

, …,

S
n

S_n

then the quantity

P
(

N

2
n

=
2
r
)

P(N_{2n} = 2r)

takes an elegant form. We lift the restriction on an even number of tosses and give a simple expression for

P
(

N

2
n
+
1

=
r
)

P(N_{2n+1} = r)

,

r
=
0

r = 0

,

1
1

,

2
2

, …,

2
n
+
1

2n+1

. We get to this ansatz by adaptating the Feynman–Kac methodology.
A clinical predictive model of renal injury in children with isolated antenatal hydronephrosis
Authors: Costa Fernanda P , Simões e Silva Ana C , Mak Robert H , Ix Joachim H , Vasconcelos Mariana A , Dias Cristiane S , Fonseca Carolina C , Oliveira Maria Christina L , Oliveira Eduardo A
Published: July 2019

Background

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) affects ∼1–5% of pregnancies. The aim of this study was to develop a clinical prediction model of renal injury in a large cohort of infants with isolated ANH.

Methods

This is a longitudinal cohort study of 447 infants with ANH admitted since birth between 1989 and 2015 at a tertiary care center. The primary endpoint was time until the occurrence of a composite event of renal injury, which includes proteinuria, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). A predictive model was developed using a Cox proportional hazards model and evaluated by C-statistics.

Results

Renal pelvic dilatation (RPD) was classified into two groups [Grades 1–2 (n = 255) versus Grades 3–4 (n = 192)]. The median follow-up time was 6.4 years (interquartile range 2.8–12.5). Thirteen patients (2.9%) developed proteinuria, 6 (1.3%) hypertension and 14 (3.1%) CKD Stage 2. All events occurred in patients with RPD Grades 3–4. After adjustment, three covariables remained as predictors of the composite event: creatinine {hazard ratio [HR] 1.27, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.56]}, renal parenchyma thickness at birth [HR 0.78(95% CI 0.625–0.991)] and recurrent urinary tract infections [HR 4.52 (95% CI 1.49–13.6)]. The probability of renal injury at 15 years of age was estimated as 0, 15 and 24% for patients assigned to the low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk groups, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate an uneventful clinical course for patients with Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) Grades 1–2 ANH. Conversely, for infants with SFU Grades 3–4 ANH, our prediction model enabled the identification of a subgroup of patients with increased risk of renal injury over time.
A Spanish Sign Language (LSE) Adaptation of the Communicative Development Inventories
Authors: Rodríguez-Ortiz Isabel R , Pérez Mar , Valmaseda Marian , Cantillo Coral , Díez M Aránzazu , Montero Ignacio , Moreno-Pérez F Javier , Pardo-Guijarro María Jesús , Saldaña David
Published: July 2019

This article presents the adaptation of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI; Fenson et al., 1993, Guide and technical manual for the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories. San Diego, CA: Singular Press; Fenson et al. 1994, Variability in early communicative development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 1–173) to Spanish Sign Language (LSE). Data were collected from 55 participants (32 boys and 23 girls; 17 deaf signers, 38 hearing signers) who, evaluated by their caregivers every 4 months, presented a total of 170 records. The parents reported the signs that the children could understand or produce between 8 and 36 months. Results suggested that the CDI adapted to LSE is a valid and reliable instrument. Signing children could understand more signs than they produced at this early developmental stage. There were no significant differences between boys and girls, or between deaf and hearing children. The development of LSE is similar to other sign languages, although with a lower production of signs in the early stages, perhaps due to the bilingualism of most of the children of our study.
Inhalation Injury Does Not Influence the Amount of Blood Transfused to Major Burn Patients: A Secondary Analysis from the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation Study
Authors: Cartotto Robert , Taylor Sandra L , Holmes James H , Arnoldo Brett , Peck Michael , Cochran Amalia , Col Booker T King , Bhavsar Dhaval , Tredget Edward E , Stapelberg Francois , Friedman Bruce , Mozingo David , Greenhalgh David , Pollock Bradley H , Palmieri Tina L
Published: July 2019

Patients with major burn injuries typically require numerous blood transfusions. It is not known if an inhalation injury (INHI) directly influences the need for blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether INHI increases the amount of blood transfused to major burn patients. A secondary analysis from the Transfusion Requirement in Burn Care Evaluation (TRIBE) study was conducted. Patients with INHI were compared with patients without INHI. The number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions per day (RBC per day) between INHI and No INHI was analyzed with a multivariable regression. Patients with INHI (n = 78) had significantly larger burns (P = .0004), larger full-thickness burns (P = .0007), greater admission APACHE score (P < .0001), higher admission multiple organ dysfunction scores (P < .0001), and were transfused more RBC per day (P = .009) than No INHI patients (n = 267). In the multivariable regression analysis, RBC per day was significantly associated with the %TBSA burn (P < .0001), age of the patient (P = .004), the need for more than 1 day of mechanical ventilation (P < .0001), the occurrence of at least one blood stream infection (BSI; P = .044), and being assigned to the liberal transfusion arm of TRIBE (P < .001) but not the presence of INHI (P = .056). The null hypothesis that INHI exerts no influence on the amount of blood transfused could not be rejected. Larger burn size, advanced patient age, mechanical ventilation, and BSIs are important determinants of the blood transfusion rate in major burn patients.
Care Continuum and Postdischarge Outcomes Among HIV-Infected Adults Admitted to the Hospital in Zambia
Authors: Haachambwa Lottie , Kandiwo Nyakulira , Zulu Paul M , Rutagwera David , Geng Elvin , Holmes Charles B , Sinkala Edford , Claassen Cassidy W , Mugavero Michael J , wa Mwanza Mwanza , Turan Janet M , Vinikoor Michael J
Published: July 2019

Background

We characterized the extent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience and postdischarge mortality among hospitalized HIV-infected adults in Zambia.

Methods

At a central hospital with an opt-out HIV testing program, we enrolled HIV-infected adults (18+ years) admitted to internal medicine using a population-based sampling frame. Critically ill patients were excluded. Participants underwent a questionnaire regarding their HIV care history and CD4 count and viral load (VL) testing. We followed participants to 3 months after discharge. We analyzed prior awareness of HIV-positive status, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use, and VL suppression (VS; <1000 copies/mL). Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed risk factors for mortality.

Results

Among 1283 adults, HIV status was available for 1132 (88.2%), and 762 (67.3%) were HIV-positive. In the 239 who enrolled, the median age was 36 years, 59.7% were women, and the median CD4 count was 183 cells/mm3. Active tuberculosis or Cryptococcus coinfection was diagnosed in 82 (34.3%); 93.3% reported prior awareness of HIV status, and 86.2% had ever started ART. In the 64.0% with >6 months on ART, 74.4% had VS. The majority (92.5%) were discharged, and by 3 months, 48 (21.7%) had died. Risk of postdischarge mortality increased with decreasing CD4, and there was a trend toward reduced risk in those treated for active tuberculosis.

Conclusions

Most HIV-related hospitalizations and deaths may now occur among ART-experienced vs -naïve individuals in Zambia. Development and evaluation of inpatient interventions are needed to mitigate the high risk of death in the postdischarge period.
Craniocervical Junction Vertebral Artery Dural Arteriovenous Fistula With Cranial and Spinal Venous Reflux: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Patel Krunal , Olijnyk Leonardo Desessards , Tsang Anderson Chun On , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Radovanovic Ivan
Published: July 2019

Dural arteriovenous fistulae at the craniocervical junction are rare. When present together with spinal and cranial venous reflux they can have an aggressive natural history with hemorrhage or progressive myelopathy from venous congestion. In this operative video we demonstrate key steps in the surgical ligation of a dural arteriovenous fistula supplied by meningeal branches of the V4 segment of the vertebral artery.

 Informed consent was obtained. The patient was positioned prone with chin tucked. Utilizing a midline suboccipital craniotomy and removal of the arch of C1, the vertebral artery was identified at its V4 segment at it transitions from extra to intradural. The video illustrates how a midline approach can be used to access this lesion and a far lateral approach is not required to access the vertebral artery and its dural branches at the craniocervical junction. Division of the denticulate ligaments and mobilization of the spinal accessory nerve allows visualization of the proximal portion of the draining vein. Important anatomy in this region is demonstrated. The critical use of indocyanine green (ICG) dye is demonstrated as the first 2 clip applications were not proximal enough to obliterate the proximal draining vein and persistent early venous reflux was still seen on ICG. The importance of access to and obliteration of the proximal draining vein is shown. An intraoperative ICG and postoperative angiogram demonstrates complete occlusion of the dural arteriovenous fistula.

 In this case the patient had minor sensory deficits postoperatively which were resolved by 6 wk postoperatively.
Language Pangs
Authors: Ferber Ilit
Published: July 2019

Language and pain are usually thought of as opposites, the one being about expression and communication, the other destructive, “beyond words,” and isolating. Language Pangs challenges these familiar conceptions and offers a reconsideration of the relationship between pain and language in terms of an essential interconnectedness rather than an exclusive opposition. The book’s premise is that the experience of pain cannot be probed without consideration of its inherent relation to language, and vice versa: understanding the nature of language essentially depends on an account of its relationship with pain. Language Pangs brings together discussions of philosophical as well as literary texts, an intersection especially productive in considering the phenomenology of pain and its bearing on language. The book’s first chapter presents a phenomenology of pain and its relation to language. Chapters 2 and 3 provide a close reading of Herder’s Treatise on the Origin of Language (1772), which was the first modern philosophical text to bring together language and pain, establishing the cry of pain as the origin of language. Herder also raises important claims regarding the relationship between human and animal, sympathy, and the role of hearing in the experience of pain. Chapter 4 is devoted to Heidegger’s seminar (1939) on Herder’s text about language, a relatively unknown seminar that raises important claims regarding pain, expression, and hearing. Chapter 5 focuses on Sophocles’ story of Philoctetes, important to Herder’s treatise, in terms of pain, expression, sympathy, and hearing, also referring to more thinkers such as Cavell and Gide.
Advice from Our Elders (Standing on the Shoulders of Greatness)
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

Collectively, the 39 participants in the Post-Career Reflections study have over 1,000 years of experience. It stands to reason that they have valuable insights for social work educators at different stages of their careers. Participants were asked: “Now that you have retired [or are about to retire], what words of wisdom would you offer to social work educators who about to launch a career in social work education; those social work educators who are midway through their career; and those educators who are in the waning years of their career?” This chapter shares the advice that they offered, divided into sections for newbies, mid-career educators, and twilighters.
The Prognostication
Authors: Zeiger Spencer James
Published: July 2019

How does one know when it’s time to leave the academy and begin The Next Chapter? Some will have the luxury of planning their transition months or even years in advance. Others will reach a point where work conditions become intolerable. Still others may be rudely sacked with little or no notice, perhaps through no fault of their own. Some participants believed physical and mental health issues are motivating factors. For others, taking advantage of a university early retirement was an incentive. Some viewed moving to the next chapter as a natural progression. And for a few, it may be a way to end the misery; they’ve left angry. Categories discussed in this chapter include fear, timing, planning, recognizing when the thrill is gone, burnout, and reduced energy.
Death and Nonexistence
Authors: Yourgrau Palle
Published: July 2019

The dead are gone. They count for nothing. Yet if we count the dead, their number is staggering. And they account for most of what’s great about civilization. Compared to the greatness of the dead, the accomplishments of the living are paltry. Which is it then: are the dead still there to be counted or not? And if they’re still there, where, exactly, is “there”? We’re confronted with the ancient paradox of nonexistence bequeathed us by Parmenides. The mystery of death is the mystery of nonexistence. A successful attempt to provide a metaphysics of death, then, must at the same time resolve the paradox of nonexistence. That is the aim of this study. At the same time, the ontology of death, i.e. of ceasing to exist, must serve as an account of birth, i.e. coming to exist, and the primary thesis of this book is that this requires expanding one’s ontology beyond existence and nonexistence to include what underlies both, namely, “being.” The dead, along with the unborn, are nonexistent objects which retain their identity before, during, and after their transition to, and from, existence. The nonexistent are what are “there” that can be counted when we count the dead. The dead and the unborn are thus the same kind of beings as the living. What separates the living from the dead is only their existence.
Narrating South Asian Partition
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

This book brings together “private” and “public” forms of memory narratives of the 1947 Indian/Pakistani partition, by looking at oral history testimonies (covering direct and inherited memories) on the one hand, and the literature and cinema of partition on the other. The book makes the case that survivors of partition and their descendants are able to exert control over the ways they remember partition and through the ways in which they tell these stories. The book looks at a number of different themes that appear across the oral history interviews, literature, and cinema—home, family, violence, childhood, trains, and rivers—and shows how these narratives need to be seen as evidence of agency on behalf of the narrators. This agency through narration is sometimes explicit, more often implicit, but always contested and politicized. A careful examination of the ways in which agency is manifested in these texts will, I argue, shed new light on the ways in which the events of partition are remembered, narrated, and silenced in public and private life within and beyond the south Asian subcontinent.
“The most awful thing I watched”
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

While every single scholarly account of partition features accounts of violence, very few studies have focused on the use of space in the way in which violence is remembered and narrated. Using a detailed study of a number of oral history testimonies, as well as literature and cinema, this chapter examines how people maintain the sanctity of the home in memory by relegating the violence of partition to the margins. This insistence on a physical separation between the nostalgically reconstructed center of the happy home and the threatening violence from the margins is noticeable across partition narratives, and helps to construct an imaginary geography which allows for the complexities of an event remembered.
“The Cause”
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

This chapter looks at people whose professional identities have been shaped by their own and inherited memories of partition. Using extracts from oral history interviews with artists, writers, academics, community activists, and rehabilitation workers, as well as other interviews and formal autobiographical work, it examines how people’s experiences of partition create particular economic challenges and opportunities in the post-partition world, which, in turn, allow people to create new professional practices and identities. These economic practices range from working in refugee-rehabilitation immediately after partition to illegitimate or illegal activities on the part of refugees attempting to rebuild their lives. Over the years since partition, this form of agency widens to encompass literary and artistic practices, academic work, and community activism. A closer look at how these people mobilize their memories and family stories will show that partition needs to also be seen as a productive event, in the sense that it not only helped to produce identities (“Indian” and “Pakistani”) but it also helped to produce “work” in the form of academic research, artistic production, and social and political activism—all of which provide examples of the articulation of agency on the part of the narrating subjects.
Conclusion
Authors: Raychaudhuri Anindya
Published: July 2019

This chapter teases out the theoretical conclusions of the book, reinforcing the ways in which a study of the cultural and memorial legacy of partition can be used to complicate the story and, in the process, undermine state-endorsed historic narratives. Reading narratives of partition as examples of individual and collective agency also allows for a more complex conceptualization of agency. Remembering and narrating the moment when new nations came into being, many of the public and private forms of representation that this book examines provide examples of people trying to exert agency over the ways in which the spaces to which they belonged and which were being reorganized around them into new nation states. Agency through narration can then be seen as ways of trying to find new ways of belonging and articulating new forms of citizenship.
Living in The Merry Ghetto
Authors: Hagen Trever
Published: July 2019

Living in the Merry Ghetto reframes how people use music to build resistance. To do so, Hagen addresses the social context of illegal music-making in Czechoslovakia during state socialism, asking “How Do Aesthetics Nurture Political Consciousness?”. He tells the story of a group of rock ’n’ rollers who went underground after 1968, building a parallel world from where they could flourish: the Merry Ghetto. The book examines the case of the Czech Underground, the politics of their music and their way of life, paying close attention to the development of the ensemble the Plastic People of the Universe. Taking in multiple political transitions from the 1940s to the 2000s, the story focuses on non-official cultural practices such as listening to foreign radio broadcasts, seeking out copied cassette tapes, listening to banned LPs, growing long hair, attending clandestine concerts, smuggling albums via diplomats, recording in home-studios, and being thrown in prison for any of these activities. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with Undergrounders, archival research, and participant observation, Hagen shows how these practices shaped consciousness, informed bodies, and promoted collective action, all of which contributed to an Underground way of life.
The Return of the Sun
Authors: Kral Michael J.
Published: July 2019

This book discusses suicide among Inuit in Arctic Canada and what their communities have done to attempt to prevent it. A thesis of this book is that suicide and other social problems among Inuit are caused by the imperialism/colonialism of the Canadian government, with the most negative effect being a dramatic change in Inuit relationships with each other, especially family relationships. When the family is changed in a family-based collectivist culture, many problems arise. Cases of suicidal youth are discussed. Then the book focuses on the positive aspect that when Inuit communities design and run their own activities for suicide prevention, suicides are prevented. Such stories need to be told in order to help indigenous communities with suicide prevention.
“The Weight on Our Shoulders Is Too Much, and We Are Falling”
Authors: Kral Michael J.
Published: July 2019

This chapter begins with the suicide of a 16-year-old Inuit youth. There is a focus on Inuit youth suicide and culture change. The role of alcohol and marijuana is discussed, as is how families have been changing. Research throughout the world has found that suicidal youth often come from problematic families, including low levels of family cohesion, parent–child conflict and poor communication, low emotional intimacy, and youth perceptions of family problems. Family has been replaced by new patterns of community, and among Inuit, the most profound changes in the past few decades have been reported in gender roles, the marital relationship, and parent–child relations. Inuit youth began to manifest problems after the establishment of the settlements. Many of these problems are in romantic relationships. Suicides are described that have taken place in Silatuniq, the community that is the focus of this book.
Religion and Renewal
Authors: Bendrups Dan
Published: July 2019

This chapter considers developments in Rapanui music in relation to the seminal influence of the Catholic Church from the 1860s through to the present day. Sacred Heart missionaries arrived on Rapa Nui in the 1860s where they played an important role in the community’s cultural renewal, including fostering interactions with the outside world. The Church became a center for various aspects of Rapanui social life, as well as a context for protest against the island’s administration in the early twentieth century. The music of the Church, as well as secular songs performed by missionaries, had a generative influence in Rapanui music, providing new melodic and harmonic ideas that have been woven into Rapanui tradition. Meanwhile, the Rapa Nui Mass has been maintained into the twenty-first century, where it now features in cultural tourism. This chapter draws on historical sources provided by writers associated with the Church, complemented by participant observation of contemporary Church performance practices.
Jazz for Non-Jazzers
Authors: West Chad
Published: July 2019

“It just goes like this, ‘doo ba doo bop’. You dig?” Historically, this was the way jazz was learned, informally, and for many early aspiring jazz musicians—they dug. Others need a little more guidance. This chapter is based on a presentation its author often delivers to introduce teachers to teaching jazz. After this presentation, members from the audience often tell the author: “This is not all that different from the musicianship skills I already have.” This chapter provides a basic overview of (a) styles such as swing, Latin, bop, and blues; (b) rhythmic solfège; (c) articulation; (d) ornamentation; (e) improvisation; (f) intricacies of the rhythm section; and (g) rehearsal and stage setup of the beginning jazz band. The remaining chapters in this book presume some basic and foundational knowledge about jazz as a point of departure, so this chapter serves as that starting point.
Pedagogical Language of Jazz
Authors: Schmidt Russell A.
Published: July 2019

The pedagogy of jazz continues to evolve. Changes in the art form itself, the gradual development of jazz education resources and techniques, the ubiquitous availability of historically significant recordings in the digital age, and other factors play roles in this continued evolution. However, many longstanding pedagogical theories of what constitutes effective instruction are shown to be true for generation after generation of music students. This chapter outlines practical, effective teaching techniques applied to twenty-first-century jazz ensemble instruction. Topics explored in this chapter include rehearsal plan development; effective communication skills; techniques to ensure student engagement; rehearsal technique; the value of role modeling; and strategies for offering direction and teacher feedback in a manner that will be best received by today’s students, through use of specific language in one’s critiques.