bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kommunale Raumplanung in der Schweiz
Authors: Schneider Andreas , Gilgen Kurt
Published: August 2021

Dieses Grundlagenwerk stellt die aktuelle Praxis der Raumplanung in der Schweiz und die dabei angewandten Methoden und Instrumente vor. Die Ausführungen zum rechtlichen und politischen Rahmen sowie hinsichtlich der verschiedenen Sachbereiche betreffen alle Ebenen der schweizerischen Raumplanung. Die umfangreicheren Kapitel über Planungsinstrumente, Planungsprozesse und Verfahren, die Umsetzung der Planung sowie die Planungsmethoden und Mittel der Qualitätssicherung zielen dagegen in erster Linie auf die kommunale Ebene, d.h. die Gemeinde- und Städteplanung. Die vorliegende 4. Auflage ist durchgesehen und aktualisiert. Das heisst, sie nimmt vor allem die wichtigsten, im letzten Jahrzehnt eingetretenen fachlichen, politischen und rechtlichen Entwicklungen auf. Hierzu sind ausgewählte Kapitel weiterentwickelt oder grundlegend überarbeitet worden. Das Buch wendet sich gleichermassen an Planungsfachleute in der Praxis wie auch in der Aus- und Weiterbildung.
Changes in postural control strategy during quiet standing in individuals with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sabashi Kento , Kasahara Satoshi , Tohyama Harukazu , Chiba Takeshi , Koshino Yuta , Ishida Tomoya , Samukawa Mina , Yamanaka Masanori
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) impairs postural control and may affect how the lower limb joints are used for postural control. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how individuals with knee OA use lower limb joints for static postural control. METHODS: Ten patients with knee OA and thirteen healthy controls performed quiet standing for 30 s. The standard deviation of the center of mass (COM) and lower limb joint motions in the anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML) planes were calculated from three-dimensional marker trajectories. Pearson’s correlation analysis and independent t-tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between COM and lower limb joint motion and to compare group difference, respectively. RESULTS: The AP hip angular velocity alone in the knee OA group and the AP hip and knee angular velocity in the control group were significantly correlated with the AP COM velocity. The ML hip angular velocity was significantly correlated with the ML COM velocity in both groups. The knee OA group exhibited a significantly larger standard deviation of AP COM velocity than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with knee OA depended solely on the contribution of the hip to the AP COM velocity, which could not be successfully controlled by the knee.
Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers
Authors: Kurokawa Yuki , Kato Satoshi , Demura Satoru , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Yonezawa Noritaka , Shimizu Takaki , Kitagawa Ryo , Miaki Hiroichi , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.
Effects of ultrasound-guided platelet rich plasma injection in patients with piriformis syndrome
Authors: Öztürk Gökhan Tuna , Erden Ender , Erden Ebru , Ulašlı Alper Murat
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is the common entrapment neuropathy causing buttock pain. Patients are conventionally treated with lifestyle modification, exercise, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid or botulinum toxin injections. However, some patients may not respond to these conventional treatment methods. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) injection has been shown to be beneficial in various muscular injuries, but its effects have not yet been investigated in PS. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of PRP on pain and functional status in patients with PS, and to identify any correlations between clinical changes and demographic features. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with PS were randomly separated into two groups (PRP and control groups). All patients received one session of either PRP or saline injection performed under ultrasound guidance. The pain was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores were noted at three intervals in both groups: before treatment, 1 week after treatment and 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: The VAS and ODI scores were improved in both groups. The improvement was more obvious in the PRP group in the first week, and the results were similar for both groups when measured 1 month after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided PRP injection provided greater improvements in both pain and functional status in patients with PS, starting in the early period after treatment. A repeat injection might be needed for a long-term effect.
A self-adaptive multi-objective feature selection approach for classification problems
Authors: Xue Yu , Zhu Haokai , Neri Ferrante
Published: August 2021

In classification tasks, feature selection (FS) can reduce the data dimensionality and may also improve classification accuracy, both of which are commonly treated as the two objectives in FS problems. Many meta-heuristic algorithms have been applied to solve the FS problems and they perform satisfactorily when the problem is relatively simple. However, once the dimensionality of the datasets grows, their performance drops dramatically. This paper proposes a self-adaptive multi-objective genetic algorithm (SaMOGA) for FS, which is designed to maintain a high performance even when the dimensionality of the datasets grows. The main concept of SaMOGA lies in the dynamic selection of five different crossover operators in different evolution process by applying a self-adaptive mechanism. Meanwhile, a search stagnation detection mechanism is also proposed to prevent premature convergence. In the experiments, we compare SaMOGA with five multi-objective FS algorithms on sixteen datasets. According to the experimental results, SaMOGA yields a set of well converged and well distributed solutions on most data sets, indicating that SaMOGA can guarantee classification performance while removing many features, and the advantage over its counterparts is more obvious when the dimensionality of datasets grows.
Evaluation of information service in smart scenic area based on “SEM-ANP” synthetic evaluation mode
Authors: Yi Kui , Mao Xiulan , Cheng Honglei , Zhang Ligang , Zhang Dian
Published: August 2021

Evaluating the capability of smart information service and exploring the smart information service elements in scenic areas can accelerate the smart tourism industry progress to a highly effective administrative and high quality of smart tourism service. This study aims to exploring the connections of a variety of smart information service elements in scenic areas, analyzing and evaluating the capability of smart information service, mapping a positive resolution to improve the capability of information service in scenic spots. Based on a synthetic method that combining Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Analytic Network Process (ANP), explicitly using the SEM to extracting the key factors and mapping each factors’ co-relations, and in further step, using the ANP to carry a fuzzy evaluation of weighing the information service capability and each element in the case of Jiangxi Province in China, the result shows that the method of “SEM-ANP” is better fit than single ”SEM” or ”ANP”, the evaluating system for smart information service in scenic areas is significantly innovative and scientific to supply effective suggestions for policy makers.
Identification of hidden disaster causing factors in coal mine based on Naive Bayes algorithm
Authors: Zhao Yifan , Tian Shuicheng
Published: August 2021

In order to overcome the problems of low recognition rate and long recognition time existing in traditional methods, a method for identifying hidden disaster factors in coal mines based on Naive Bayes algorithm was proposed. The posterior probability of Bayesian network is calculated to obtain the maximum value of the posterior probability, so as to judge the categories of hidden disaster factors in coal mines. The method of combining soft and hard threshold functions is used to denoise Naive Bayes network. Combined with the structural equation of coal mine concealed disaster-causing factors, the index weight of coal mine disaster-causing factors is calculated, and a fast identification model of disaster-causing factors is built to complete the identification. Experimental results show that the quality factors of the proposed method are all higher than 8, the recognition rate is as high as 98%, and the recognition time is basically controlled within 0.8 s.
Statement spectrum with two dimensional eigenvalues for intelligent software fault localization
Authors: Ren Shengbing , Zuo Xing , Chen Jun , Tan Wenzhao
Published: August 2021

The existing Software Fault Localization Frameworks (SFLF) based on program spectrum for estimation of statement suspiciousness have the problems that the feature type of the spectrum is single and the efficiency and precision of fault localization need to be improved. To solve these problems, a framework 2DSFLF proposed in this paper and used to evaluate the effectiveness of software fault localization techniques (SFL) in two-dimensional eigenvalues takes both dynamic and static features into account to construct the two-dimensional eigenvalues statement spectrum (2DSS). Firstly the statement dependency and test case coverage are extracted by the feature extraction of 2DSFLF. Subsequently these extracted features can be used to construct the statement spectrum and data flow spectrum which can be combined into the optimized spectrum 2DSS. Finally an estimator which takes Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network and ridge regression as fault localization model is trained by 2DSS to predict the suspiciousness of statements to be faulty. Experiments on Siemens Suit show that 2DSFLF improves the efficiency and precision of software fault localization compared with existing techniques like BPNN, PPDG, Tarantula and so fourth.
Hyperparameters optimization for ResNet and Xception in the purpose of diagnosing COVID-19
Authors: Farag Hania H. , Said Lamiaa A. A. , Rizk Mohamed R. M. , Ahmed Magdy Abd ElAzim
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 has been considered as a global pandemic. Recently, researchers are using deep learning networks for medical diseases’ diagnosis. Some of these researches focuses on optimizing deep learning neural networks for enhancing the network accuracy. Optimizing the Convolutional Neural Network includes testing various networks which are obtained through manually configuring their hyperparameters, then the configuration with the highest accuracy is implemented. Each time a different database is used, a different combination of the hyperparameters is required. This paper introduces two COVID-19 diagnosing systems using both Residual Network and Xception Network optimized by random search in the purpose of finding optimal models that give better diagnosis rates for COVID-19. The proposed systems showed that hyperparameters tuning for the ResNet and the Xception Net using random search optimization give more accurate results than other techniques with accuracies 99.27536% and 100 % respectively. We can conclude that hyperparameters tuning using random search optimization for either the tuned Residual Network or the tuned Xception Network gives better accuracies than other techniques diagnosing COVID-19.
Intelligent mining vulnerabilities in python code snippets
Authors: Guo Wenbo , Huang Cheng , Niu Weina , Fang Yong
Published: August 2021

In the software development process, many developers learn from code snippets in the open-source community to implement specific functions. However, few people think about whether these code have vulnerabilities, which provides channels for developing unsafe programs. To this end, this paper constructs a source code snippets vulnerability mining system named PyVul based on deep learning to automatically detect the security of code snippets in the open source community. PyVul builds abstract syntax tree (AST) for the source code to extract its code feature, and then introduces the bidirectional long-term short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network algorithm to detect vulnerability codes. If it is vulnerable code, the further constructed a multi-classification model could analyze the context discussion contents in associated threads, to classify the code vulnerability type based the content description. Compared with traditional detection methods, this method can identify vulnerable code and classify vulnerability type. The accuracy of the proposed model can reach 85%. PyVul also found 138 vulnerable code snippets in the real public open-source community. In the future, it can be used in the open-source community for vulnerable code auditing to assist users in safe development.
An overview of complex data stream ensemble classification
Authors: Zhang Xilong , Han Meng , Wu Hongxin , Li Muhang , Chen Zhiqiang
Published: August 2021

With the rapid development of information technology, data streams in various fields are showing the characteristics of rapid arrival, complex structure and timely processing. Complex types of data streams make the classification performance worse. However, ensemble classification has become one of the main methods of processing data streams. Ensemble classification performance is better than traditional single classifiers. This article introduces the ensemble classification algorithms of complex data streams for the first time. Then overview analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms for steady-state, concept drift, imbalanced, multi-label and multi-instance data streams. At the same time, the application fields of data streams are also introduced which summarizes the ensemble algorithms processing text, graph and big data streams. Moreover, it comprehensively summarizes the verification technology, evaluation indicators and open source platforms of complex data streams mining algorithms. Finally, the challenges and future research directions of ensemble learning algorithms dealing with uncertain, multi-type, delayed, multi-type concept drift data streams are given.
Anti-suit injunctions in patent litigation
Authors: Hirsch Gustavo
Published: August 2021

The article examines anti-suit injunctions and their use in patent disputes. The article traces back the origins of anti-suit injunctions in the United Kingdom and discusses the situations where they can be granted. Then, it examines anti-suit injunctions in patent disputes and presents a case study. The article argues that the current patent system involving essential patents should be reviewed, in order to prevent the proliferation of injunctions issued by courts in different jurisdictions aimed at keeping their ability to judge. In the article we propose a suggestion for reviewing the system.
Social-ecological correlates of aggression in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors:   , Brown Cynthia E.
Published: August 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-COLUMBIA AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Recent research has shown that aggression in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is linked with a wide array of individual and social system (i.e., family, peer, school) variables and is consistent with a social-ecological model of problem behavior. However, the relative contribution of these variables to aggression in this population has not been determined, nor is it clear which social-ecological variables are uniquely related to aggression in children versus adolescents with ASD. In addition, the links between certain social-ecological variables (e.g., sibling relations, the broader environment) and aggression in youths with ASD have not been explored. In the current study, 2,142 caregivers of a child or adolescent with ASD (ranging from 6-17 years of age) completed self-report and behavior rating inventories that assessed several individual (sleep quality, gastrointestinal symptoms, autism symptoms), family (caregiver stress and coping, family functioning, caregiver relationship satisfaction, sibling relations), peer (emotional bonding, social maturity), school (academic functioning), and neighborhood (perceived community safety) variables. Regression analyses revealed that aggression was related to multiple variables across different levels of the social ecology. In addition, moderation analyses showed that the linkages between social-ecological variables and aggression did not vary with age. These findings suggest that the determinants of aggression in children and adolescents are similar and include multiple variables in the immediate social environment.
Adams inequalities with exact growth condition : on Rn and the Heisenberg group
Authors:   , Qin Liuyu
Published: August 2021

In this thesis we prove sharp Adams inequality with exact growth condition for the Riesz potential as well as the more general strictly Riesz-like potentials on R[superscript n]. Then we derive the Moser-Trudinger type inequality with exact growth condition for fractional Laplacians with arbitrary 0 [less than] [alpha] [less than] n, higher order gradients and homogeneous elliptic differential operators. Next we give an application to a quasilinear elliptic equation, and prove the existence of ground state solution of this equation. Lastly, we extend our result to the Heisenberg group. By applying the same technique used in R[superscript n], we derive a sharp Adams inequality with critical growth condition on H[superscript n] for integral operators whose kernels are strictly Riesz-like on H[superscript n]. As a consequence we then derive the corresponding sharp Moser-Trudinger inequalities with exact growth condition for the powers of sublaplacian -L[subscript 0] [superscript alpha/2] when [alpha] is an even integer, and for the subgradient [del] H[subscript n].
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AS AN ADJUVANT TO INTRATHECAL HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE IN LOWER LIMB ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERIES
Authors: Choudhary Mukesh , Mahla Neeti
Published: August 2021

Background: This study is aimed to different doses of Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to Intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower limb orthopaedic surgeries

Methods: A prospective randomized double blind study was conducted with 90 consenting patients of ASA grade I and II, scheduled for lower limb Orthopaedic surgeries. Using the lottery method, the patients were randomly allotted into 3 groups, 30 patients in each group. Group I , Group II & Group III. 

Results: Post-operative VAS and total analgesic requirement in 24 hours were minimal in group C as compare to B group. All the patients achieved Bromage scale 3 motor block and there was dose dependent prolongation of motor block in B and C groups.

Conclusion: Supplementation of spinal Bupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine significantly prolonged both sensory and motor block compared with intrathecal Bupivacaine alone.

Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Motor block.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Praktik Safety Driving
Authors: Parlaungan Jansen
Published: August 2021

Intervensi untuk menurunkan angka kecelakaan transportasi jalan dapat dilakukan dengan safety driving namun masih menemui kendala. Mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam pelaksanaan safety driving merupakan tujuan penelitian ini. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional pada 50 orang supir bus dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah adalah kuesioner dan lembar cheklist dengan hasil validitas dan reliabilitas yaitu a>0,361. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji chi Square dan regresi logistik ganda untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat 3 faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pelaksanaan safety driving di Papua Barat yaitu sikap p-value: 0,004 dan OR: 64,261, persepsi kondisi Jalan p-value:0,014 dan OR: 20,904 dan ketaatan terhadap rambu-rambu lalu lintas p-value: 0,025, OR: 18,563. Sesuai dengan kondisi alam Papua Barat yang ekstrim maka faktor  yang paling mempengaruhi adalah sikap akibat kondisi jalan yang rusak dan ketidaktersediaan rambu-rambu lalu lintas.
Hotel za insekte - razvijanje međupredmetnih kompetencija kroz projektnu nastavu
Authors: Jeremić Ana R. , Vuković Nataša M.
Published: August 2021

In the conditions of dynamic social and technological changes it is necessary to introduce a more engaged process of knowledge construction in a realistic environment (Popović & Ristanović 2020). Project based learning is a form of teaching that enables the development of subjects’ and interdisciplinary competencies necessary for functioning in real life conditions. In this paper an example of good practice is described, i.e., course of the workshop, planned and realized within the project based learning. The workshop is intended for students of primary school in grades 4, 5 and 6 with the goal of bringing students closer to information about the importance and position of insects in nature through creative workshops - by making a hotel for insects. The activities are designed to arouse students' interest in nature and science, to have fun and to develop awareness of the importance of insects in nature, as well as the endangerment of some species, through play and wooden constructions. Also, one of the goals is to independently devise a way to increase the number of insects, to discover why insects are important for maintaining balance in nature, to devise how to make a hotel for insects in their garden and which materials to use for it, to develop interest and motivation for observation, learning and protection of insect species in their natural habitat.
Nuestro pensamiento económico y social, una propuesta interpretativa desde la frontera colombo-ecuatoriana
Authors: García Ibarra Verónica Janneth , Jurado Estrada Jairo Armando , Sabogal Tamayo Julián
Published: August 2021

Nuestro pensamiento económico y social, una propuesta interpretativa desde la frontera colombo-ecuatoriana agrupa un conjunto de cinco ensayos de reflexión crítica en torno al pensamiento económico; las organizaciones y empresas híbridas como un cuarto sector de la economía; y al acuerdo de paz suscrito entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP. El libro constituye una propuesta interpretativa fundada sobre una pluralidad de enfoques, en el marco de un pensamiento que se aleja de la ortodoxia económica imperante, con el fin de estudiar problemas de carácter teórico y empírico. El primer ensayo, titulado El Pensamiento Económico Latinoamericano, tiene por objetivo contribuir a romper el prejuicio existente en América Latina de rendir culto al pensamiento occidental eurocéntrico. El pensamiento económico latinoamericano es definido como el conjunto de teorías que han logrado liberarse de la camisa de fuerza impuesta por las doctrinas económicas dominantes y gracias a ello han posibilitado un adelanto considerable en el análisis del funcionamiento de la economía del subcontinente. El segundo ensayo, denominado Organizaciones híbridas: reflexiones sobre el cuarto sector de la economía, propone que tras los efectos de la crisis económica de 2008-2009 es necesario repensar la orientación de los negocios en el sentido de combinar la parte empresarial con el propósito social. Se estudia a la empresa social o empresa híbrida con un enfoque paralelo entre la sostenibilidad financiera y la finalidad social. El tercer ensayo tiene como propósito reflexionar sobre la importancia del pensamiento económico propio y del buen vivir en un posible escenario de implementación, en el campo nariñense, del acuerdo de paz suscrito entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC-EP. Se subrayan algunas características generales de la problemática agraria del departamento de Nariño y la necesidad de implementar el Acuerdo de Paz, particularmente en lo relacionado con el punto de Reforma Rural Integral. En el cuarto ensayo, titulado Apuntes para una crítica de la teoría económica neoclásica, se controvierte el andamiaje teórico de la economía neoclásica cuyos postulados trasladan conceptos y formulaciones de las ciencias exactas a la explicación de los problemas sociales y ambientales. Por último, en el quinto ensayo, Significado de la teoría del desarrollo de Joseph Schumpeter, se propone hacer una revisión general de la teoría del desarrollo elaborada por el famoso economista austriaco quien abraza la idea neoclásica del movimiento circular y el equilibrio, y plantea una teoría novedosa del desarrollo como algo esencialmente diferente al crecimiento económico.
Hubungan Konsumsi Protein dan Vitamin C dengan Status Kebugaran pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Gizi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan UPN Veteran Jakarta
Authors: Fatmawati Iin , Putra Yehuda Kristiyanto , Wahyuningtyas Widayani
Published: August 2021

Physical fitness is related to risk factors of various illness and death in current times. Fitness status is generally affected by two factors, internal and external factors. One of the external factors that affects fitness status is nutrient intake. Protein and vitamin C are nutrients that influence physical fitness status. This study aimed to observe the relationship between protein and vitamin C intake with physical fitness status among students of Nutrition Study Program in Health Sciences Faculty, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. This is a cross-sectional study with a total of 80 students recruited randomly (stratified random sampling). Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between protein intake with physical fitness status (p=0.017). Similarly, vitamin C intake is significantly correlated with physical fitness status (p=0.009). Therefore, it can be concluded that protein and vitamin C intake are significantly correlated with physical fitness status among Nutrition Program Study students in Health Sciences Faculty in Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. Protein and vitamin C intake that is not in accordance with daily need may cause poor physical fitness status.
INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL RESOURCE OF SPECIAL RAILWAY VAGON
Authors: Radkevich N.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the residual life of load-bearing metal structures (NMC) of special cars for the transportation of special contingent on the basis of the results of technical diagnostics and standard tests. Most scientific publications investigate the increase in the service life of different types of passenger cars by improving their design properties. The following methods are used in the study: resetting from wedges, resource tests for impact strength, impact tests, static strength tests. On the basis of carrying out technical diagnostics and standard tests the possibility of establishment of new appointed service life of cars is defined. The residual resource was set at one of the minimum calculated values obtained by mathematical dependence to calculate the residual service life. When determining the residual resource during the standard tests, the evaluation of the fatigue resistance margin was performed taking into account the stress of the load-bearing structures of the car during the tests. It is concluded that the condition of load-bearing metal structures of special wagons for transportation of special contingent after long operation does not approach the limit. The obtained practical and theoretical results make it possible to extend the service life of special wagons for the transportation of special contingent beyond the established by the manufacturer.
An Investigation on Some Mechanical Properties of the Tuft Carpets Produced by Homopolymer, Copolymer and Thermoplastic Polyolefin Mixed Polypropylene Bulked Continuous Filament Yarns
Authors: YAZ Cemile Emel , GÜNEŞOĞLU Cem , TOPALBEKİROĞLU Mehmet
Published: August 2021

There are several parameters that affect the mechanical properties of carpets such as yarn characteristic and carpet construction. Yarn material is one of the most important factors which determine the usage performance of carpets by consumers. This study investigated the mechanical behaviours of carpets produced from polypropylene (PP) bulk continuous filament (BCF) yarns with not only homopolymer but also copolymer and thermoplastic polyolefin mixed. In this respect, ten carpet samples produced by different type of BCF yarns as pile were examined. Experimental results indicated that mixing polypropylene homopolymer with copolymer or thermoplastic polyolefin resulted with improvement in thickness loss and resilience properties. In addition, thermoplastic polyolefin included yarn exhibited higher performance compared to copolymer mix in both dynamic and static loading. PP BCF yarn type had considerable influences on compressibility behaviours of carpets, whereas there was no significant effect on tuft withdrawal force.
Confluencias del río Maullín: modos de vida locales y conservación de la biodiversidad
Authors: Almonacid Joaquin , Araos Francisco
Published: August 2021

El río Maullín forma parte de una de las principales cuencas hidrográficas de la región de Los Lagos. Desde su origen en el lago Llanquihue hasta su desembocadura en el océano Pacífico, este curso de agua sostiene a distintas comunidades ribereñas. A partir de una investigación etnográfica, el presente artículo analiza las diferentes prácticas y modos de vida desplegadas históricamente a lo largo del río, desentrañando las relaciones entre humanos y no humanos que se entretejen en su devenir. Asimismo, se identifican los problemas ambientales que amenazan su integridad y las distintas acciones colectivas de defensa y protección que desembocan en la creación del Santuario de la Naturaleza Humedales del río Maullín.
Proposta de melhoria no modelo de gestão para serviços continuados em instituições públicas de ensino
Authors: Gonzales Michele Marques , França Sergio Luiz Braga
Published: August 2021

A gestão de projetos já se mostrou consolidada nas empresas privadas e vem ganhando força a cada dia na Administração Pública. Em face das constantes reformas administrativas, a terceirização de serviços tem sido adotada em praticamente todas as Instituições Públicas. Um desafio deste cenário é alcançar resultados mais satisfatórios nos contratos de serviços eliminando as burocracias, porém seguindo à risca a legislação existente. Este artigo tem por objetivo propor um modelo de gestão eficiente para os contratos de manutenção predial das instituições públicas de ensino mediante a adoção dos conceitos de gerenciamento de projetos disponíveis no Guia PMBOK (Project Manegement Body of Knowledge) consoante com a Gestão de Contratos. Através de um estudo de caso no campus Petrópolis do CEFET/RJ, precedido de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática desta pesquisa, estima-se elaborar um diagnóstico da contratação de serviços continuados, de maneira a auxiliar o servidor público atuante como gestor de contratos em obter resultados eficazes na adoção do modelo proposto. Por fim conclui-se que aplicando os princípios de gerenciamento de projetos para a etapa de planejamento da aquisição do serviço, e execução do contrato e seus derivados, é possível alcançar melhorias em cada etapa do processo, e assim obter resultados com mais qualidade, celeridade e eficácia.
Interfaces em educação e comunicação: perspectivas pedagógicas para a escola cívico-militar
Authors: Santos Luiz Ricardo dos , Dedoné Tiago Silvio
Published: August 2021

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo possibilitar uma reflexão sobre as interfaces entre os campos da comunicação, educação, tecnologias e Segurança Pública, proporcionando, como processo de metodologia, um paralelo entre a teoria da Educomunicação, que trata das ações de emancipação social, cultural e educacional dos educandos que têm acesso aos mecanismos de comunicação, como rádio, internet, jornal impresso, revistas, produtos de audiovisuais, curta metragens em sala de aula, e os aspectos que se relaciona como as propostas pedagógicas de uma escola cívico-militar. Com isso, possibilita uma dinamização do processo de ensino aprendizagem, já que estes recursos são atrativos e eficazes. O presente artigo busca, através das referências bibliográficas e sob o aporte da intersecção entre os campos da comunicação, educação e tecnologias, contribuir com o debate e o fomento de projetos relacionados à formação em espaços das Escolas Cívico-Militares. Durante a abordagem da pesquisa é possível observar as fundamentações epistemológicas que dão aporte ao processo de construção destas teorias que se convergem, bem como os debates sobre as alternativas de leituras subjetivas para implementação nos espaços das Escolas. Portanto, a metodologia utilizada é a análise bibliográfica, subsidiando as reflexões. As reflexões aportadas na obra buscam destacar que o advento da inserção da comunicação nos espaços da educação formal nas escolas cívico-militares, proporcionam ampliação de ecossistemas comunicacionais e, com isso, dinamizar não apenas o aspecto da interação nestes espaços educativos, como, também, uma possibilidade para novos formatos no sistema pedagógico.
Análisis Comparativo de la Rentabilidad y la Liquidez, en las AFP, Perú
Authors:   Universidad Cesar Vallejo/Lima/Perú, Vásquez Villanueva Carlos Alberto , Huaman Fernandez Rosa ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo/Lima/Perú, Ríos Ríos Yulisa Rosaly ,   Universidad Cesar Vallejo/Lima/Perú
Published: August 2021

El objetivo del trabajo fue el estudio y análisis de la rentabilidad y liquidez de las entidades privadas administradoras de fondos de pensiones de las AFP, reguladas por la superintendencia de banca y seguros SBS del 2015 al 2019. La metodología fue de enfoque cuantitativa, descriptiva comparativa con diseño no experimental y corte transversal; la técnica utilizada fue el análisis documental y el instrumento de recolección de datos mediante ficha de análisis; la población fue de 40 estados financieros. Los resultados encontrados señalan que, Habitad con mayor rentabilidad económica y una rentabilidad financiera entre -0.40 y -0.20, la liquidez corriente de las AFPs es positiva y se encuentran por encima del 50%, la prueba ácida de Habitad, Profuturo y Prima tienen indicadores por encima de 0.50; así mismo, los indicadores de la prueba defensiva señalan que AFP Hábitat presentó disminución en el periodo 2015 al 2017 de un valor de 0.75 a 0.25 la AFP Prima muestra valores entre 0.50 y 0.75 mientras que la AFP Integra muestra menor capacidad de respuesta con valores por debajo de 0.50, con respecto a la AFP Profuturo. Se concluye que las AFPs dentro del periodo investigado, presentan indicadores aceptables de rentabilidad y liquidez.
La suspensión provisional en el bloqueo de cuentas bancarias en México. Estudio de caso jurisprudencia 2a./j. 87/2019
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Rivera Lima Lizette
Published: August 2021

A partir de 2018, la Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera ha decretado en México el bloqueo de cuentas bancarias bajo la sospecha de la existencia de un delito en detrimento a derechos humanos. Ante este problema, la investigación tiene como objetivo explicar la jurisprudencia 2a./J. 87/2019 dentro del contexto de cooperación tributaria internacional y a la luz de los derechos humanos en México. Se empleó la metodología de estudio de caso a través de los métodos sistemático y deductivo con la técnica de investigación documental. Los resultados explican que la cooperación tributaria no se limita al intercambio de información entre las administraciones hacendarias; sino también a la ejecución de resoluciones como el bloqueo de cuentas en el caso de existencia de un ilícito que involucre al sistema financiero.
Temporary Marriage in Iran: Gender and Body Politics in Modern Iranian Film and Literature
Authors: Izharuddin Alicia
Published: August 2021

This is a book review of Claudia Yaghoobi, Temporary Marriage in Iran: Gender and Body Politics in Modern Iranian Film and Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).
How It Ends
Authors: Lyden John C.
Published: August 2021

This is a film review of How It Ends (2021), directed by Daryl Wein and Zoe Lister-Jones.
Special issue: African Canadians, gender, and sexuality
Authors: Jean-Pierre Johanne , Mccready Lance
Published: August 2021

This is the introduction to a special issue, focusing on African Canadians, gender and sexuality. This special issue adds to the body of empirical knowledge about gender and sexuality and how they relate to identities, structures, and systems within African Canadian communities. All of the articles feature qualitative inquiries. These were conducted in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia and focused on education, policing, sexual agency and romantic relationships.

Keywords: Black; African Canadians; Race; Gender; Sexuality; Intersectionality
Neural versus pneumatic control of pressure support in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases at different levels of positive end expiratory pressure: a physiological study
Authors: Liu Ling , Xia Feiping , Yang Yi , Longhini Federico , Navalesi Paolo , Beck Jennifer , Sinderby Christer , Qiu Haibo
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) is a “threshold” load that must be overcome to trigger conventional pneumatically-controlled pressure support (PSP) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Application of extrinsic PEEP (PEEPe) reduces trigger delays and mechanical inspiratory efforts. Using the diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi), neurally controlled pressure support (PSN) could hypothetically eliminate asynchrony and reduce mechanical inspiratory effort, hence substituting the need for PEEPe. The primary objective of this study was to show that PSN can reduce the need for PEEPe to improve patient-ventilator interaction and to reduce both the “pre-trigger” and “total inspiratory” neural and mechanical efforts in COPD patients with PEEPi. A secondary objective was to evaluate the impact of applying PSN on breathing pattern.
Methods: Twelve intubated and mechanically ventilated COPD patients with PEEPi ≥ 5 cm H2O underwent comparisons of PSP and PSN at different levels of PEEPe (at 0 %, 40 %, 80 %, and 120 % of static PEEPi, for 12 minutes at each level on average), at matching peak airway pressure. We measured flow, airway pressure, esophageal pressure, and EAdi, and analyzed neural and mechanical efforts for triggering and total inspiration. Patient-ventilator interaction was analyzed with the NeuroSync index.
Results: Mean airway pressure and PEEPe were comparable for PSP and PSN at same target levels. During PSP, the NeuroSync index was 29 % at zero PEEPe and improved to 21 % at optimal PEEPe (P < 0.05). During PSN, the NeuroSync index was lower (<7 %, P < 0.05) regardless of PEEPe. Both pre-trigger (P < 0.05) and total inspiratory mechanical efforts (P < 0.05) were consistently higher during PSP compared to PSN at same PEEPe. The change in total mechanical efforts between PSP at PEEPe0% and PSN at PEEPe0% was not different from the change between PSP at PEEPe0% and PSP at PEEPe80%.
Conclusion: PSN abolishes the need for PEEPe in COPD patients, improves patient-ventilator interaction, and reduces the inspiratory mechanical effort to breathe.
Spraying starch on the Fourdrinier— An option between wet end starch and the size press
Authors: PRICE COLE , HUBBE MARTIN A.
Published: August 2021

Technology to apply suspensions of starch grains to the wet surface of paper, during the dewatering process, is reviewed. Though the technology is not new, it continues to attract the attention of papermakers as a means to increase bonding strength. Starch grains that are sprayed onto the wet-web of paper can be retained at levels exceeding what can be effectively added to the fiber suspension at the wet end. Unlike adding a starch solution at a size press, no additional drying capacity is required on the paper machine. To be effective, the starch needs to be able to swell and develop bonding during the paper drying process. Paperboard applications with recycled fibers appear to be a good fit. There is potential to increase bonding by processes that favor fuller gelatinization of the starch grains by the time the paper becomes dry.
The effect of contact time between CPAM and colloidal silica on the flocculation behavior in the approach flow
Authors: KROCHAK PAUL , JOHANSSON KLAS , DE SAN PIO IGNACIO
Published: August 2021

Multicomponent wet-end systems have become increasingly common in papermaking, with the objective of improving the retention-formation-dewatering relationship. It is quite common to use at least a cationic polymer, often in combination with an anionic microparticle. In some cases, a fixative is also used. However, there is still debate on the optimal implementation of these systems. In particular, optimizing the contact time of the cationic polymer prior to addition of the anionic microparticle is still poorly understood. In this work, we investigate the effect of the contact time of a cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) prior to addition of colloidal silica on the flocculation response in a flowing fiber suspension. The effect of using a fixative is also investigated. Focused beam reflectance measurements (FBRM) are combined with zeta-potential measurements for optimizing the addition levels of a two- and three-component system, as well as for elucidating the effect of contact time on CPAM performance. Trials are then performed on a pilot scale flow loop, where the time between addition of these two components is varied and the resulting flocculation response is characterized using high-speed filming and image analysis techniques. It is shown that the efficacy of CPAM can be improved through use of a fixative and that a longer CPAM contact time may be beneficial in terms of immediate flocculation; however, hydrodynamic shear tends to dominate the flocculation response regardless of contact time due to floc rupture.
The effect of microfibrillated cellulose on the wet-web strength of paper
Authors: PHIPPS JONATHAN , LARSON TOM , PARADIS MARK , TANASE DIANA
Published: August 2021

The wet-web strength of paper immediately after the press section of a paper machine is a critical factor in determining machine runnability. However, it is difficult to determine at commercial scale, because the web has to be broken and production interrupted in order to obtain a sample for measurement. The use of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) is believed to increase wet-web strength, as it has allowed filler level increases of 10% or more on many commercial paper machines.
In this paper, we describe a laboratory method for estimating the effect of MFC on wet sheet strength after pressing, as well as actual measurements of wet-web strength from a pilot paper machine trial. These experiments have demonstrated the positive effect of MFC. At solids contents in the range typically observed after pressing, sheets with MFC at fixed filler content are significantly stronger, but also wetter, than those without it. When the use of MFC is combined with a typical increase in filler content, the wet web remains slightly stronger, but also becomes drier than the reference condition. These results are compatible with the theory put forward by van de Ven that wet-web strength is mainly a result of friction between entangled fibers, and they also suggest that the presence of MFC increases this friction.
Application of foamed additives to the surface of wet handsheets
Authors: BLISS TERRY , LUO MINGXIANG , NICHOLAS MATTHEW
Published: August 2021

We explored the application of foamed wet-end additives onto wet handsheets to qualify our method of application and to demonstrate the method’s usefulness for prescreening additives and foaming agents for packaging applications. We modified a laboratory drawdown coating machine to allow coating of wet handsheets with foamed additives. Initial sheet solids were adjusted to a target of 8%–25% by vacuum. Foam layer thickness was set mechanically. After application, the foamed additives were drawn into the sheet with vacuum. The additive dosage was adjusted by altering its concentration within the foaming formulation. We evaluated more than 100 foaming agents and 10 strength additives, comparing wet-end and foam-assisted addition with no addition on recycled linerboard and virgin linerboard furnish. Foam-assisted addition typically displayed a much steeper dose-response curve and much higher maximum strength levels than wet-end addition. Our results suggest potential target applications for this technology, such as lightweighting, and improved strength performance in mills with relatively closed water systems, where strength aids added into the wet end are adversely influenced by accumulation of inorganic ions and organic species.
Development of converging-diverging multi-jet nozzles for molten smelt shattering in kraft recovery boilers
Authors: JIN ERIC , HABIB TONY , YOUSSEF SIMON , OSBORNE STEVE , TRAN HONGHI
Published: August 2021

The effective shattering of molten smelt is highly desired in recovery boiler systems. Ideally, shatter jet nozzle designs should: i) generate high shattering energy; ii) create a wide coverage; and iii) minimize steam consumption.
This study proposes a novel converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle design to achieve these goals. A laboratory setup was established, and the nozzle performance was evaluated by generating jet pressure profiles from the measurement of a pitot tube array. The results show that the shatter jet strength is greater with a large throat diameter, high inlet pressure, and a short distance between the nozzle exit and impingement position. Increasing the number of orifices generates a wider jet coverage, and the distance between the orifices should be limited to avoid the formation of a low-pressure region between the orifices. The study also demonstrates that an optimized converging-diverging multi-jet nozzle significantly outperformed a conventional shatter jet nozzle by achieving higher energy and wider coverage while consuming less steam.