bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib Treatment for Patients with Advanced or Recurrent Biliary Tract Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Nie Caiyun , Lv Huifang , Xing Yishu , Chen Beibei , Xu Weifeng , Wang Jianzheng , chen bing
Published: September 2020

Background
The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib monotherapy or combination therapy for patients with advanced or recurrent biliary tract cancer(BTC).
Methods
Twenty-eight patients with advanced or recurrent BTC who progressed after prior systemic therapies and treated with apatinib from January 2017 to June 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective and observational study. The primary end point was progression free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity.
Results
A total of 28 patients with advanced or recurrent BTC who progressed after prior systemic therapies received apatinib monotherapy or combination therapy, including 9 cases of gallbladder cancer and 19 cases of cholangiocarcinoma. 6 patients achieved PR, 15 patients had SD and 7 patients had PD. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 4.3 months(95%CI = 1.8–6.8) and 6.2 months(95% CI = 4.6–7.8) respectively. The ORR and DCR were 21.4% (6/28) and 75.0% (21/28), respectively. Most of the adverse events were grade 1–2 in severity, apatinib treatment was well tolerated.
Conclusions
Apatinib monotherapy or combination therapy can improve PFS in patients with advanced or recurrent BTC who progressed after prior systemic therapies, and adverse reactions can be well tolerated. Our study support apatinib therapy as a feasible therapeutic strategy in advanced or recurrent BTC.
Outcomes of Afatinib in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring Uncommon Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations
Authors: Zhao Kewei , Hu Shanliang , Dong Wei , Chen Wei , Song Yipeng , wang chunsheng
Published: September 2020

Background: Uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are a heterogeneous population of molecular alterations, and clinical data on the outcomes of afatinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring uncommon EGFR mutations are limited. The purpose of this pooled analysis was to investigate the clinicopathological features of uncommon EGFR mutations in patients and the treatment response and survival associated with afatinib treatment.Methods: We performed a literature search in the NCBI PubMed database to identify relevant articles and completed a pooled analysis based on 37 related published studies.The relationship between clinical characteristics, EGFR mutation type and treatment response were analyzed using univariate chi-square analysis, and survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results: A total of 57 patients were included in this pooled analysis. The objective response rate to treatment with afatinib was 46.4%, with a median PFS of 7.0 months.Patients with a single uncommon EGFR mutation are more likely than patients with multiple mutations to show a good tumor response after receiving afatinib (ORR: 57.9% vs 26.3%, HR: 0.260, 95% CI: 0.078-0.869, p=0.029). Similarly, patients with a single uncommon EGFR mutation had a longer PFS than patients with multiple mutations (mPFS: 10.0 months vs 3.6 months, HR: 2.906, 95% CI: 1.496-5.646, p=0.002). In addition, for patients with a good treatment response, the PFS was also longer (HR: 2.902, 95% CI: 1.522-5.533, p=0.001).Conclusions: For patients with uncommon mutations, the outcomes of afatinib is worse than that of patients with classic sensitive mutations but higher than that of EGFR wild-type patients. Uncommon EGFR mutations contain various subtypes, and different subtypes have different sensitivities to afatinib. Patients with a single rare mutation show better treatment responses to afatinib and better prognoses than patients with multiple mutations.
Phenolic wastewater remediation employing nano zerovalent iron as a granular third electrode in an electrochemical reactor
Authors: Kadhum Shaimaa T , Alkindi Ghayda Y , Albayati Talib M
Published: September 2020

The rise in toxic industrial and domestic wastewater due to urbanization makes it necessary to pursue new, alternative routes for the removal of refractory pollutants. In this study, both unsupported nano zerovalent iron (NZVI) and silty clay-supported nano zerovalent iron (SC-NZVI) were employed as a granular third electrode (3-D) in an electrochemical reactor. The electrochemical system with two aluminum electrodes as anode and cathode was performed as a granular third electrode treatment process to degrade aqueous phenol. The maximum removal rate of phenol using the tow electrodes electrochemical process (2-D) was 82%. The optimum conditions in a 2-D electrode were as follows: pH = 4, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. It was concluded that the 3-D electrode system exhibited high efficiency in removing phenolic wastewater in a third electrode system. The optimum conditions were as follows: pH = 2, electrolysis time = 30 min, current density = 50 mA/cm2, electrode distance = 4 cm, and phenol concentration = 0.5 g/L. The maximum removal efficiencies of phenol in the presence of a 3-D electrode with doses of NZVI = 1 g/L or SC-NZVI = 1.25 g/L were 96.1 and 97.8%, respectively.
Changes in foliage’s biomass of two-needled pine subgenus (Pinus spp.) and genus Betula spp. along the gradients of winter temperature and precipitation: inter-genera paradox in the forests of Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir Andreevich , Chen Baozhang , Shobairi Seyed Omid Reza , Tsepordey Ivan Stepanovich , Anees Shoaib Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Background

The main pool of publications on this topic is related to the assessment of possible changes in vegetation growth under the influence of climate, but few of them actually took account the impacts of global change on species composition and morphological (taxational) structure, so led to an unanswered question, how the biological productivity of the forests will change if air temperature and/or precipitation change up to a certain extent. This is a subject of the study.
Methods

In this study, our database is used in a number of 2,110 sample plots for pine and 510 for birch. In each sample plot, the biomass of the forest stands was positioned in maps of January mean temperature isolines and to mean annual precipitation ones, and the input data matrix was compiled in which the values of biomass components and of stand taxation characteristics are mated with corresponding values of climate indices. The matrix was then subjected to regression analysis.
Results

It is stated, in cold and insufficiently moisture–rich climate zones, temperature increase causes a decrease in biomass of Pinus foliage, and in other regions its increase, but the Betula pattern is the opposite. With an increase in precipitation, the Pinus foliage biomass in warm zones increase, and in cold ones it decreases, but the Betula pattern is the opposite.
Conclusion

The biomass of pine and birch stands change in gradients of winter temperature and precipitation as propeller-formed but opposite patterns, which can be explained by the different winter physiology of evergreen and deciduous species.
Effect of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation on the Health-Related Quality of Life in Indian Patients with End-Stage Liver Disease: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nikam Vinayak , Ramaswamy Vasudevan , Chaudhary Abhideep , Singhvi Suresh
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important measure of the effects of end stage liver disease in affected patients that helps to improve well-being after Liver transplantation (LT). One study has been performed to access HRQoL pre and post liver transplant (LT) patients in India. Our study was aimed to determine HRQoL in pre and post orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) with correlation between severity of liver disease by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)/Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) status with HRQoL post OLT.
METHODS

Study was designed as a single center, observational, prospective and longitudinal study. HRQoL was evaluated by SF-36 questionnaire in sixty (50 male and 10 female with average age of 45 years) patients with end stage liver disease; having HCV related cirrhosis with alcoholic and cryptogenic liver disease forming the second and third largest groups respectively. HRQoL was evaluated pre and post OLT also correlation of MELD/CTP scores and diabetes status with post-OLT HRQoL was determined. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months after OLT.
RESULTS

Post OLT patients had higher scores in comparison to pre OLT. There was a significant difference in all eight domains of the SF-36 scores (p < 0.001) post OLT. Negative correlation was observed between MELD/CTP scores and HRQoL post OLT with significance in the domain of vitality and mental component summary in MELD and physical functioning in CTP (p < 0.05). Diabetes did not exert any significant effect on HRQoL.
CONCLUSIONS

OLT have an improved HRQoL when compared to their pre transplant status. MELD/CTP scores were not predictive of HRQoL post OLT, while DM status did not exhibit any effect on HRQoL after OLT.
Novel Association Between FOXO3 rs2232365 Polymorphism and Late-Onset Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Candidate Genetic Study
Authors: Pan Feng Xue , Wei Jie Ben , Wang Hong , Ma Yu Ling , Du Li Shao , Chen Ying
Published: September 2020

BackgroundBoth genetic susceptibility and dysregulated lipid metabolism are important susceptibilities to preeclampsia. In the study, we devote to investigate the associations of FOXO3 and TLR7 genetic polymorphisms with preeclampsia in a Chinese population.MethodsThis case-control study involved 335 Han Chinese pregnant women, including 177 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 158 healthy controls. The preeclampsia group was further sub-grouped into early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE, n=70）and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE, n=107）. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs , including FOXO3 rs2232365, rs3761548, and TLR7 rs3853839 were genotyped by multiplex PCR for targeted next-generation sequencing. The χ2 test and multiple interaction effect analyses were performed to determine the association of three SNPs with serum lipid levels and thyroid function in women with preeclampsia.ResultsOur study showed that SNP rs2232365 C allele frequencies were significantly associated with the occurrence of LOPE (P=0.022, odds ratio = 1.72 (0.95 CI: 1.23-2.41)). The genotype (CC vs TT+CT) distribution of rs2232365 revealed a significant association with LOPE (P=0.004, odds ratio = 3.497 (0.95 CI: 1.498-8.164)). No significant difference was found in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs3761548 and rs3853839 between controls and cases (P>0.05). Moreover, the genotype CC of rs2232365 was significantly correlated with increased TG/HDL levels in the LOPE group (all p=0.014). ConclusionsThe polymorphisms of rs2232365 are associated with the risk of LOPE and may modulate TG/HDL levels in pregnant women with LOPE.
Reduced Efficacy of a Src Kinase Inhibitor in Crowded Protein Solution
Authors: Kasahara Kento , Re Suyong , Nawrocki Grzegorz , Oshima Hiraku , Mishima-Tsumagari Chiemi , Kukimoto-Niino Mutsuko , Yu Isseki , Shirouzu Mikako , Feig Michael , Sugita Yuji
Published: September 2020

The inside of a cell is highly crowded with proteins and other biomolecules. How proteins express their specific functions together with many off-target proteins in crowded cellular environments is largely unknown. Here, we investigate an inhibitor binding with c-Src kinase using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in dilute as well as crowded protein solution. The populations of the inhibitor, PP1, in bulk solution and on the surface of c-Src kinase are reduced as the concentration of crowder bovine serum albumins (BSAs) increases. This observation is consistent with the reduced PP1 inhibitor efficacy in experimental c-Src kinase assays in addition with BSAs. The crowded environment changes the major binding pathway of PP1 toward c-Src kinase compared to that in dilute solution. This change is explained based on the population shift mechanism of local conformations near the inhibitor binding site in c-Src kinase. Protein functions in a living cell could be examined using atomistic MD simulations with realistic cellular environments.
Uncovering the Mechanism of Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian Decoction for Treating Ulcerative Colitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Verification
Authors: Xu Lin , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhang Zedan , Wang Yifan , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong
Published: September 2020

Background and objective: Ge-Gen-Qin-Lian Decoction (GGQLD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been widely used for ulcerative colitis (UC) in China while the pharmacological mechanisms still remain unclear. The present research was designed to clarify the underlying mechanism of GGQD against UC. Methods: In this research, a GGQLD-compound-target-UC (G-U) network was constructed based on public databases to clarify the relationship between active compounds in GGQLD and potential targets. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate biological functions associated with potential targets. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to screen and evaluate hub genes and key active ingredients, another GO and KEGG pathway analyses were subsequently performed on hub genes. Molecular docking was used to verify the activities of binding between hub targets and ingredients. Results: Finally, 83 potential therapeutic targets and 118 correspond active ingredients were obtained by network pharmacology. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that GGQLD had an effect of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and immunomodulatory. The effect of GGQLD on UC might be achieved by regulating the balance of cytokines (eg., IL6, TNF, IL1β, CXCL8, CCL2, IL10, IL4, IL2) in immune system and inflammation-related pathways, such as IL-17 pathway and Th17 cell differentiation pathway. Besides, molecular docking results demonstrated that the main active ingredients, quercetin, exhibited good affinity to hub targets. Conclusion: This research fully reflects the characteristics of multi-component and multi-target for GGQLD in the treatment of UC. Furthermore, the present study provided new insight into the mechanisms of GGQLD against UC.
Programming complex regulation mechanisms through simple molecular assembly
Authors: Lauzon Dominic , Vallee-Belisle Alexis
Published: September 2020

What are the advantages and disadvantages of building nanosystems using one or multiple components? More than 55% of all proteins found in living organisms are multimeric and likely exploit molecular assembly to create new functional entities. However, the specific contribution of molecular assembly to the creation of novel functions remains relatively unexplored at the thermodynamic, kinetic and molecular levels. Here, we use theory and a simple experimental model to determine the design rules for engineering efficient self-assembled, self-regulated nanosystems. Using these rules, we have rationally designed and implemented various regulation mechanisms (e.g., cooperative and anticooperative assembly, self-inhibition, molecular timer) into two model trimeric nanosystems including a complex artificial catalyst. These simple strategies based on molecular assembly have been extensively exploited by natural biosystems and are expected to play a crucial role in the development of future self-regulated nanotechnologies.
Investigating The Risk Factors for Hypertension in A Population-Based Study: Fasa PERSIAN COHORT Data
Authors: Bijani Mostafa , Parvizi Saeed , Dehghan Azizallah , Rahimabadi Massih Sedigh , Chijan Mahsa Rostami , Kazemi Maryam , Naghizadeh Mohammad Mehdi , Ghaemi Alireza , Homayounfar Reza , Farjam Mojtaba
Published: September 2020

Background: High prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and its subsequent serious complications make this disease as a major health-treatment concern in many societies. The current study aimed to investigate known factors as risk factors for hypertension and the way of their association in study population of Fasa cohort in south of Iran at 2019.Methods: This is an analytical-cross sectional study. Study population was the individuals covered by Fasa cohort. Information of the first phase of Fasa Persian cohort in south of Iran was used in the study. Independent t-test, chi-square test, analysis of variances, Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression were used to analyze data. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 22, and P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the population of 10111 individuals of the study, 5546(54.86%) subjects were female and 4565(45.16%) were male. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 41.8 %. In the present study (28/5%) were with HTN stage 1, and (13/3%), were with HTN stage 2. In addition, a significant association was observed among HTN and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and renal failure (p<0.5).Conclusions: prevalence of HTN in study population is considerable. Given its hazardous complications, application of appropriate methods in order to screen, prevent and treat HTN is necessary. In addition, using training programs, changing lifestyle, and promoting self-care behaviors can be effective in prevention, control, and decrease in hazardous complications caused by HTN.
Altered Behaviour Associated With Autism in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome Treated With Bacteroides Fragilis BF839
Authors: Lin Chu-Hui , Zeng Ting , Lin Jian-Hong , Xiao Feng , Li Bing-Mei , Chen Sheng-Qiang , Deng Yu-Hong
Published: September 2020

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), tightly related to the morbidity of Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a common hereditary syndrome often associated with retardation of intelligence. Some key symptoms of ASD such as anxiety, cognitive impairment and social anxiety disorder are also the predominant features in FXS. Children with ASD are often performed with gastrointestinal symptoms. According to the existing research, with the treatment with Bacteroides Fragilis BF839, mice with ASD will have better performance in communication and social behaviours with less anxiety and perceptual disorder. In this article, we have observed the impact of Bacteroides Fragilis BF839, a well-established Chinese bacteria strain with the human intestine origin, on mice with FXS and their behavioural disorders accordingly. Result: Based on the Open Field test, compared to the Fmr1KO group, mice treated with BF839 showed prolonged staying time in the center of the container. This finding suggests that BF839 can improve Fmr1KO mice's self-exploration behaviour and dented their anxiety. The Elevated Plus Maze test indicated BF839 treated mice presented more activities in entering open arms, prolonged time of staying and significantly less distance travelled at the plus-maze, along with less entering behaviours in the closed arms with less time of staying and more distance travelled. This result proved that with the treatment of BF839, Fmr1KO mice have improved ability in recognizing the surrounding environment and greater senses at detecting danger. Three-box Social Interaction test confirmed that BF839 strengthens the social novelty preference of the Fmr1KO mice, proven by their increasing duration and frequency in social interacting with the stranger mouse. The final experiment named the Pool Maze test presented the result that on the fourth day, BF839 treated mice have shown significantly shortened escape latency. Meanwhile, on Day 5, BF839 treated group performed increasing frequency in passing through the platform, which, along with the shortened escape latency, demonstrated BF839 has the function of improving Fmr1KO mice's cognitive capacity and their ability to extract information from the surrounding environment.Conclusion: Based on the outcome of each test performed, Bacteroides Fragilis BF839 can successfully improve Autism related abnormal behaviours in mice with FXS. Bacteroides Fragilis BF839 can be a potential intervention strategy in treating FXS and ASD safely and effectively.
Successfully REBOA Performance: Does Medical Specialty Matter? International Data From the ABOTrauma Registry.
Authors: Hilbert-Carius Peter , McGreevy David , Abu-Zidan Fikri M , Hörer Tal
Published: September 2020

BackgroundResuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) is a minimally invasive procedure being increasingly utilized to prevent patients with non-compressible torso hemorrhage from exsanguination. The increased use of REBOA is giving rise to discussion about “Who is and who should be performing it?”.MethodsData from the international ABO (Aortic Balloon Occlusion) Trauma registry from between November 2014 and April 2020 were analyzed concerning the question: By who, how and where is REBOA being performed? The registry collects retrospective and prospective data concerning use of REBOA in trauma patients.ResultsDuring the study period, 259 patients had been recorded in the registry, 72.5% (n=188) were males with a median (range) age of 46 (10-96) years. REBOA was performed in the ER in 50.5%, in the OR in 41.5% and in the angiography suite in 8% of patients. In 54% of the patients REBOA was performed by surgeons (trauma surgeons 28%, vascular surgeons 22%, general surgeons 4%) and in 46% of the patients by non-surgeons (emergency physicians 31%, radiologists 9.5%, anesthetists 5.5%). Common Femoral Artery (CFA) access was achieved by use of external anatomic landmarks and palpation alone in 119 patients (51%), by cut down in 57 patients (24%), using ultrasound in 49 patients (21%) and by fluoroscopy in 9 patients (4%). Significant differences between surgeons and non-surgeons were found regarding patient’s age, injury severity, access methods, place where REBOA was performed, location patients were taken to from the emergency room and mortality.ConclusionA substantial number of both surgical and non-surgical medical disciplines are successfully performing REBOA to an almost equal extent. Surgical cut down is used less frequently as access to the CFA compared with reports in older literature and puncture by use of external anatomic landmarks and palpation alone is used with a high rate of success. Instead of discussing “Who should be performing REBOA?” future research should focus on “Which patient benefits most from REBOA?”.
Breast Cancer Detection From a Urine Sample by Dog Sniffing
Authors: Kure Shoko , Iida Shinya , Yamada Marina , Takei Hiroyuki , Yamashita Naoyuki , Sato Yuji , Miyashita Masao
Published: September 2020

Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that dog can sniff and detect cancer in the breath or urine sample of a patient. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether the trained dog can detect breast cancer from urine samples.Methods: A nine-year-old female Labrador Retriever was trained to identify cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. Urine samples from patients histologically diagnosed with primary breast cancer, those with non-breast malignant diseases, and healthy volunteers were obtained, and a double-blind test was performed. Results: 40 patients with breast cancer, 142 patients with non-breast malignant diseases, and 18 healthy volunteers were enrolled, and their urine samples were collected. In 40 times out of 40 runs of a double-blind test, the trained dog could correctly identify urine samples of breast cancer patients. Sensitivity and specificity of this breast cancer detection method using dog sniffing were both 100%.Conclusions: The trained dog in this study could accurately detect breast cancer from urine samples of breast cancer patients. These results indicate the feasibility of a method to detect breast cancer from urine samples using dog sniffing in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
Laboratory based Retrospective Study to determine the start of SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in Egypt at El-Demerdash tertiary hospitals
Authors: H.A.Agwa Sara , Elghazaly Hesham , El-Nakeep Sarah , Moustafa Ahmad , El-Sayed Manal H , Hafez Hala , abdo Samia , Matboli Marwa , Saad Maha , M.Elsayed Shaimaa , Elsamie Aya M.Abd , M.Dar Reham , elarab Hoda ezz , Ebeid Fatma S. E. , Makkeyah Sara , Meteini Mahmoud S El
Published: September 2020

Purpose: COVID-19 is the most recent pandemic causing morbidity and mortality. Although a part of the pathogens causing SARI, it is unique in causing pulmonary thrombosis and lung fibrosis. Thus different management is needed. We aimed o explore the start of SARS-CoV-2 in preserved SARI samples to know the exact time of its emergence in our hospital, to conduct whole-genome sequencing in positive SARS-CoV-2 samples to define its strain. To assess the clinical characteristics of the severe respiratory infection admitted to El-Demerdash hospitals in that same period from our own file reports.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among SARI patients who were admitted to Ain Shams university hospitals. preserved nasopharyngeal& oropharyngeal swabs from 333 SARI patients were used in SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-Real time PCR. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples was performed. Clinical characteristics of the SARI patients were analyzed in the same period to show the relation to morbidity and mortality.Results: The first case of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in a 6months aged female patient on mid-April 2020, B.1.1.7, clade GR. Co-infection (with both bacterial and viral) was most prevalent in pediatrics than adults, but mortality was higher in adults than pediatrics (18.1% versus 7.1%). ICU admission was higher in adults than in the pediatric group (65% versus 12.8%). Co-morbidities were associated with higher mortality and more severe infection. The most common bacterial infection in both adults and pediatrics was Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Conclusion: COVID-19 didn’t start till mid-April in the Egyptian hospitals as remarked by this tertiary hospital’s data. Co-infection is the most prevalent in children and further research is needed in this area.
Evaluation of Concentration, RQ, ECR of BTX, MDA Level and DNA Degeneration in Workers Exposed to BTX
Authors: Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Jalaludin Juliana , Fandi Noor Fatihah Mohamad , Russeng Syamsiar S , Ahsan Ahsan , Susilowati Indri H , Rahmawati Pudji , Firdaus Muhamad
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The use of BTX as a solvent in the production process potentially causes negative impact on workers, especially on DNA degeneration and MDA levels in workers of industrial sector.Aims. This study aims to determine the relationship between concentration, RQ and ECR of BTX, MDA levelsand DNA degeneration in industrial workers exposed to BTX in Surabaya.Method. This research was conducted in industries in Surabaya that use BTX as a solvent in its production process. It was conducted in Ketintang, Jemursari, Kalijudan, AUP and Romokalisari. The research design used was cross sectional with 81 samples. The variables studied in this study were the concentration, RQ, ECR of BTX, MDA and DNA degeneration. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test.Result. There was a relationship between the concentration of benzene, toluene and MDA level in workers exposed to BTX with a P value <0.05. There was a relationship between the concentration of toluene, ECR of toluene and DNA degeneration in workers exposed to BTX in the industry in Surabaya with a P value <0.05.Conclusion. There was a relationship between the concentrations of benzene, toluene and MDA levelsin workers exposed to BTX. There was a relationship between toluene concentrations, ECR of toluene and DNA degeneration in workers exposed to BTX.
TGF-β-Induced α-SMA Expression is Mediated by C/EBPβ Acetylation in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ding Hui , Chen Jinjun , Qin Jingping , Chen Ruhua , Yi Zili
Published: September 2020

This study sought to determine whether binding of acetylated C/EBPβ to α-SMA promoter could affect its activity and was essential for EMT and extracellular matrix deposition in IPF using in vitro model. The expression of EMT and C/EBPβ in A549 cells with TGF-β as pulmonary fibrotic model were detected by western blotting and qPCR. Collagen-I expression using ELISA was performed. The luciferase activity was used to examine the activity of C/EBPβ. Knockdown of C/EBPβ was performed by siRNA. We also investigated the effect of deacetylation of C/EBPβ on EMT using SIRT1. The binding ability of C/EBPβ with α-SMA promoter was affirmed via ChIP and EMSA. The relationship of α-SMA and acetylated C/EBPβ was investigated by Co-IP. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of C/EBPβ in A549 cells attenuated TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM deposition. The extent of association between acetylated C/EBPβ and α-SMA promoter was dynamically monitored. It was confirmed that deacetylation of C/EBPβ in A549 cells successfully ameliorated TGF-β1-induced EMT, as shown by reduction in α-SMA expression and excessive collagen-I accumulation. The EMT and fibrotic effect of TGF-β1 dependent on acetylated C/EBPβ-mediated regulation of α-SMA gene activity. C/EBPβ acetylation may play a central role in pulmonary fibrosis.
C3 Glomerulonephritis Along With Light Chain Tubular Reabsorption in Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report
Authors: Xu Junhui , Yu Xiaojuan , Wang Suxia , Yan Miao , Wang Mangju , Ou Jinping , Wang Lihong , Liu Huihui , Cen Xinan
Published: September 2020

Background: Multiple myeloma has different kinds of renal injuries. C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is characterized by abnormal deposition of complement C3 in the glomeruli due to abnormal activation of the alternative pathway of complement system. The association between C3GN and multiple myeloma had been well established. However, the mild renal injury of C3GN in the multiple myeloma patients with high level of light chain had not been reported.Case presentation: A 55 years old Chinese man presented with proteinuria. Combined with immunofixation electrophoresis, bone marrow biopsy and renal biopsy, this patient was diagnosed with IgA type multiple myeloma accompanied by C3GN and light chain tubular reabsorption. Although he had a higher level of lamda serum free light chain, the renal injury of this patient was mild. After treated with 4 courses of BD, one course of PAD and autologous stem cell transplantation, he achieved a very good partial hematologic response with stable renal function. Conclusions: In multiple myeloma, the condition for light chain to result in renal impairment of C3GN is that the light chain reaches a certain level and lasts for a long time. Early diagnosis and early intensive treatment are extremely important for the prognosis of such patients.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Mexican Version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS).
Authors: Montoya Alba Lilia Brambila , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Uribe Isaac Murisi Pedroza , González Rubén Alberto Bayardo , Ardenghi Thiago , Sánchez Carmen Celina Alonso
Published: September 2020

Background: Mexican population still a lack of instruments to assess OHRQoL in preschoolers. To perform the cross-cultural adaptation and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the ECOHIS.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with preschool children from southern Mexico. The investigation was divided into a transcultural adaptation phase and the validation phase. The M-ECOHIS questionnaire was answered by guardians and clinical data were also evaluated. Reliability was evaluated through tests of internal consistency and stability. Convergent and construct validity were also evaluated. The discriminant validity of the M-ECOHIS was determined according to questionnaire scores with oral health measures.Results: A total of 303 preschool children participated in this study. Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was higher 0.78 for the child section, family section, and general M-ECOHIS. The general ICC for the test-retest reliability was 0.95. The correlation between the scores obtained on the child and family impact sections was significant and all items of the M-ECOHIS confirmed the latent variables. M-ECOHIS scores were associated with the presence of untreated dental caries.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that M-ECOHIS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the impact of oral health on OHRQoL in Mexican preschool children.
Cluster Analysis-based Clinical Phenotypes of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Associations With Acute Exacerbation and Overall Survival
Authors: Aoshima Yoichiro , Karayama Masato , Horiike Yasuoki , Mori Kazutaka , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi
Published: September 2020

Background: The precise classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is essential for selecting treatment as well as estimating clinical outcomes; however, this is sometimes difficult in clinical practice. Therefore, cluster analysis was used to identify the clinical phenotypes of IIPs, and its usefulness for predicting clinical outcomes was evaluated.Methods: Cluster analysis was performed using clinical features including patients’ demographics; histories; pulmonary function test data; and laboratory, physical and radiological findings.Results: In 337 patients with IIPs, four clusters were identified: Cluster I, in which >80% of the patients had autoimmune features; Cluster II, which had the lowest rate of smoking, the lowest percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and the lowest body mass index (BMI); Cluster III, which had the highest rate of smoking, the highest rate of dust exposure, the second lowest %FVC and normal BMI; and Cluster IV, which exhibited maintenance of %FVC and normal BMI. Cluster IV had significantly longer overall survival than Clusters II and III. Clusters I and III had significantly longer overall survival than Cluster II. Clusters II and III had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of acute exacerbation than Cluster IV. Conclusions: Cluster analysis using clinical features identified four clinical phenotypes of IIPs, which may be useful for predicting the risk of acute exacerbation and overall survival.
Policy Disparities in Fighting COVID-19 Among Japan, Italy, Singapore and China
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Shi Leiyu , Zhang Yuyao , Chen Haiqian , Sun Gang
Published: September 2020

Objective This study systematically summarizes the COVID-19 prevention and control policies of Japan, Italy, China and Singapore in order to provide policy basis for other countries currently coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This study summarizes the epidemic prevention and control policies in Japan, Italy, China, and Singapore, and analyzes the effects of policies in the four countries using official statistics.Results As of May 27, 2020, the growth trend of new cases in Japan, Italy, China and Singapore has all stabilized. However, the cumulative number of confirmed cases (231139) and case-fatality rate (14.3%) in Italy far exceeded those in the other three countries, and the effect of epidemic control was inferior. Singapore began to experience a domestic resurgence after April 5, with a cumulative number of confirmed cases reaching 32876, but the case-fatality rate remained extremely low (0.1%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in China (84547) is almost stagnant, and the case-fatality rate is low (5.5%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in Japan (16661) increased slowly, and the case-fatality rate (4.8%) was slightly lower than that in China.Conclusion This study divides the epidemic prevention and control policies of the four countries into two categories: the blocking measures taken by China and Singapore, and the mitigation measures taken by Japan and Italy. According to the results of epidemic control in the four countries, we can conclude that the blocking measures are more effective. Pay attention to the admission of mild patients and cases tracking as the core strategy of blocking measures, which can be considered in countries all over the world.
Comparison of 2018 and 2003 International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification in terms of renal prognosis in patients of lupus nephritis: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Umeda Ryosuke , Ogata Soshiro , Hara Shigeo , Takahashi Kazuo , Inaguma Daijo , Hasegawa Midori , Yasuoka Hidetaka , Yuzawa Yukio , Hayashi Hiroki , Tsuboi Naotake
Published: September 2020

Background: Although 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification was proposed recently, until now, no reports have been made comparing the association of renal prognosis between 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification and 2003 ISN/RPS classification. The present study aimed to assess the usefulness, especially of activity and chronicity assessment, of the 2018 revised International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification for lupus nephritis (LN) in terms of renal prognosis compared to the classification in 2003.Methods: We retrospectively collected medical records of 170 LN patients from the database of renal biopsy in Fujita Health University from January 2003 to April 2019. Each renal biopsy specimen was reevaluated according to both the 2003 ISN/RPS classification and the 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification. Renal endpoint was defined as 30% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: A total 129 patients were class III/IV±V (class III, 44 patients; class IV, 35 patients; class III/IV+V, 50 patients). Mean age was 42 years, 88% were female, and median observation period was 50.5 months. Renal prognosis was significantly different among the classes, and significantly poor in the patients with higher modified National Institute of Health (mNIH) Chronicity index (C index, ≥4) by a log-rank test (p=0.05, p=0.02 respectively). By Cox proportional hazard models, only C index was significantly associated with renal outcome (Hazard Ratio; 1.32, 95% CI; 1.11-1.56, p≤0.01), while the classes, the 2003 activity and chronicity subdivision, and mNIH activity index had no significant association with renal outcome. Each component of C index was significantly associated with renal outcome in different models. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification was more useful in terms of association with renal prognosis compared to the 2003 ISN/RPS classification
The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Libya during the ongoing-armed conflict. 
Authors: Daw Mohamed A , El-Bouzedi Abdallah H , Ahmed Mohamed O , Alejenef Ali
Published: September 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 can have even more dire consequences in countries with ongoing armed conflict. Libya, the second largest African country, has been involved in a major conflict since 2011. This study analyzed the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya, examined the impact of the armed conflict in Libya on the spread of the pandemic, and proposes strategies for dealing with the pandemic during this conflict.Methods: We collected the available information on all COVID-19 cases in the different regions of Libya, covering the period from March 25 to May 25, 2020. The cumulative number of cases and the daily new cases are presented in a way to illustrate the patterns and trends of COVID-19 and the effect of the ongoing armed conflict was assessed regionally.Results: A total of 698 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Libya during a period of three months. The number of cases varied from one region to another and was affected by the fighting. The largest number of cases was reported in the southern part of the country, which has been severely affected by the conflict in comparison to the eastern and western parts of the country.Conclusion: This study describes the epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 in Libya and how it has been affected by the ongoing armed conflict. This conflict seems to have hindered access to populations and thereby masked the true dimensions of the pandemic. Hence, efforts should be combined to combat these consequences.
Using Brunerian Learning Theory with Educational Simulations to Teach Concepts
Authors: Winer Laura R. , Schmid Richard F.
Published: September 2020

The present study maintains that consistently effective leaming materials can best be generated if the prescriptions instructional designers use are founded on learning theory. It is also considered critical that cognitive processes central to the task demands and strategies employed to address them be established. To be practical, we further recommend that only a single, process-oriented lesson, rather than individualized treatment, be implemented. Instructional simulations met these criteria, being tightly bound to Bruner's theoretical approach, and inherently capable of addressing aptitude deficiencies. Subjects were assessed for spatial visualization ability, grouped, randomly assigned to simulation or non-simulation treatments, and tested immediately, one week, and five weeks after instruction. The simulation significantly increased the high-aptitude learners' efficiency (and initially effectiveness), and low-aptitude learners' effectiveness. The validity of a theory-based, aptitude-enhancing, standardized approach was supported, and is discussed.
Planning Instructional Change
Authors: Duncan Marvin E. , Bass Ronald K.
Published: September 2020

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Applying Principles of Instructional Development to Problem Solving: A Case Study
Authors: Egnatoff William J.
Published: September 2020

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Educational TV in Alberta
Authors: Gordey Catherine E.
Published: September 2020

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Children's Perception, Retention and Preference of a Symmetrical Composition in Pictures
Authors: Metallinos Nikos
Published: September 2020

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Readability Calculation by Microcomputer
Authors: Rich Tom
Published: September 2020

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Book Reviews
Authors: Hurly Paul
Published: September 2020

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The Role of Mass Media in Smoking Problems of Children
Authors: Nostbakken David
Published: September 2020

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A Consortium for Educational Audio Teleconferencing in British Columbia
Authors: Robertson William , Kaufman David , Landsburg June , Macleod John , Zuckernick Arlene
Published: September 2020

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UPDATE: Television and Children: A Bibliography
Authors: Luke Carmen
Published: September 2020

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Microcomputers and Cognitive Development: The Need for Research
Authors: Baron Lois
Published: September 2020

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High Potential of Computer-Based Reading Assessment
Authors: Auphan Pauline , Ecalle Jean , Magnan Annie
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is to propose advantages provided by computerized tools when assessing reading ability. A new computer-based reading assessment evaluating both word reading and reading comprehension processes was administered to 687 children in primary (N=400) and secondary (N=287) schools. Accuracy (weighted scores) and speed of access (response times) automatically recorded by the software were analyzed based on developmental issues (Anovas), correlation matrices, structural equation modeling and clinical interpretation. Results underlined the validity and reliability of the tool. The Discussion addresses the limitations of the present computer-based assessment and presents perspectives for taking fuller advantage of computerized technologies.
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients, their Impact on Organs and the Potential Treatment by QTY Code-Designed Detergent-Free Chemokine Receptors
Authors: Mustafa Mujahed I , Abdelmoneim Abdelrahman H , Mahmoud Eiman M , Makhawi Abdelrafie M
Published: September 2020

The novel coronavirus in not only causing respiratory problems, it may also damage the heart, kidneys, liver and other organs; in Wuhan 14 to 30% of COVID-19 patients have lost their kidney function and now require either dialysis or kidney transplants. The novel coronavirus gains entry into humans by targeting ACE2 receptor that found on lung cells, which destroy human lungs through cytokine storms, this leads to hyper-inflammation, forcing the immune cells to destroy healthy cells. This is why some COVID-19 patients need intensive care. The inflammatory chemicals released during COVID-19 infection cause the liver to produce proteins that defend the body from infections. However, these proteins can cause blood clotting, which can clog blood vessels in the heart and other organs; as a result, the organs are deprived from oxygen and nutrients which could ultimately lead to multi-organ failure and subsequent progression to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and often death. However, a novel protein modification tool called the QTY code, that are similar in their structure to antibodies, which could provide a solution to excess cytokines, these synthetic proteins can be injected into the body to blind the excess cytokines generated by the cytokine storm; this will eventually remove the excessive cytokines and inhibit the severe symptoms caused by the COVID-19 infection. In this review we will focuses on cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients, their impact on the organs and the potential treatment by QTY code-designed detergent-free chemokine receptors.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), their Standards, Donning-doffing Procedures and Challenges of Indian Drug Regulatory Authorities with the New Indian PPE Manufacturers
Authors: Mal Dipak Kumar , Mukherjee Biswajit
Published: September 2020

Health care professionals rely on personnel protective equipment (PPE) including gown, gloves, goggles, face mask/N-95 respirators, and face shields etc to fight against COVID-19. The components of PPE act as an obstacle that prevents movement between infectious viral or bacterial contaminants and wearer’s mouth, nose or eyes and other parts of the body. All PPE is intended for use as medical device must follow the rules and regulations or standards for protection. The manufacturer has to show that they meet the prescribed criteria of competent authority in case of labelling, sterilisation criteria etc. the PPE must be biocompatible for at least 6-8 hrs. The wearer must follow the right procedure of donning and doffing of PPE. We here highlighted the various PPE with their standards, donning and doffing procedures, and challenges faced by Indian regulatory authority to maintain standards from the inland new manufacturers.  Different research works are required to make the PPE fit and comfortable to accept for use for a long period.
A Study of the Results of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Nigerian Maritime Workers
Authors: Okeleke U. J.
Published: September 2020

Findings have shown that the recent lockdown of the economy and restriction of movements in Nigeria, due to Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic, seriously affected the Nigerian shipping, Aviation industries, Land transport sector, Financial, Health and Educational sectors. Import and export operations were hampered. The Nigerian maritime workers; mariners and seafarers were mentally and psychologically disturbed. Some were stranded in their various workplaces; aboard ships, platform rigs and stayed beyond their agreed contractual terms. They, therefore, lack social support from their family members and friends. Similarly, they had little or no support from their management, who were more concerned about contract execution than the welfare of their work force.  This paper, however, is supporting the recommendation that the living and working conditions of the Nigerian Maritime workers and seafarers stranded and those whose salary and promotion arrears have not been paid during this pandemic should be given utmost attention. This should include applying pragmatic approach on the facilitation of sea workers’ health insurance schemes and incentives.