bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pós-Copa do Mundo de Futebol da FIFA no Brasil: legado (?) para o turismo esportivo
Authors: Bonfim Izac de Oliveira Belino , Teles Margarete Araújo
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a territorialidade do futebol brasileiro através de uma análise socioespacial a partir da sua evolução no Brasil, sob uma perspectiva escalar dentro de uma análise territorial política e administrativa. A partir da revisão de literatura, dados comparativos e evolutivos do Campeonato Brasileiro Série A nos anos de 2014 e 2015, foi possível identificar existir um território do futebol no Brasil concentrado nas regiões Sudeste e Sul do país. Estas duas regiões estavam concentrando o mundo do futebol e o seu espetáculo esportivo vinculado ao turismo de eventos esportivos no território nacional.
Impact of Demographics and Perceptions of Investors on Investment Avenues
Authors: Bhavani Ganga , Dutta Khyati Shetty
Published: May 2017

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how investment choice gets affected by the demographics and perceptions of the investor. Investor’s behavior is influenced by many factors at the time of investment decision making. Demographic profile and perceptions play an important role to select a particular choice of investment. This paper helps to enhance the knowledge on different investment avenues like bank deposits, life insurance policies, mutual funds and equity which in turn will be highly useful to the financial advisors as it will help them advise their clients regarding these avenues with respect to their demographic profiles. The study also highlights the evidences that the investment choice depends on and is affected by the demographic variables and perceptions. However, the results of this research shows that the most investors have little knowledge on the investment avenues for their investments. Mann Whiteny ‘U’ test, Kruskal- Wallis has been conducted to test the hypotheses with the help of SPSS. Logistic regression results of this study proves that investors’ age, gender, education and occupation significantly influences the selection of investment avenues. Wealth Management professionals emphasizes that customer behavior and psychology play a vital role in successfully building and sustaining a wealth management relationship. Behavioral finance is new emerging science which focuses on understanding the psychology effects on investment decision.
The Relationship between Accounting Information Systems and Making Investment Decisions in the Industrial Companies Listed in the Saudi Stock Market
Authors: Alawaqleh Qasim , Al-Sohaimat Mahmoud
Published: May 2017

The study aimed to measure the relationship between the investment decision-making in the industrial companies listed in the Saudi Stock Market with the (IVs) characteristics of the accounting information systems (appropriateness and reliability, comparability and understanding), and renovation and maintenance of the hardware and software. The problem in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is that the government depends on oil revenues more than on attracting investments, therefore, the importance of this study is constituted by the provision of critical recommendations to policy makers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in order to overcome this issue and improve the investments. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, questionnaires were administered to 194 people representing the study population; a multiple regression (standard regression) was also used to test the study hypotheses. In general, all variables were positively significantly related with the investment decision-making.The findings of this study also showed that the independent variables explained more than 65% of the variance in investment decision-making. The Saudi government and policy makers should issue new regulations to increase the interest in accounting information systems in order to attract the investment. In relation to the practical and theoretical contribution, this study used new variables in the new model, such as renovation and maintenance of the hardware and software. Furthermore, practical contribution will help policy makers and the Saudi government to advance in this area and implement new policies for investors in order to protect the economy and the society stability due to the war in Yemen and Syria.
Optimization of Subcritical Water Extraction of Polysaccharides from Inonotus Obliquus and their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Yuan Xi , Li Ling , Sun Hongyi , Sun Shuang , Zhang Zhenya
Published: May 2017

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) of Inonotus Obliquus polysaccharides (IOP) was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) with a design by Box–Behnken design (BBD). Results showed that the optimum SWE conditions for IOP production were as follows: extraction temperature 194°C, residence time 5.36 min and liquid-solid ratio 53 mL/g, yielding 168.80 ± 0.59 mg/g of IOP, which was in close agreement with the values predicted by the mathematical model. FT-IR spectra of the polysaccharides extracted by SWE and hot water extraction (HWE) were compared as well. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant assays revealed that SWE-IOP exhibited stronger scavenging activity that HWE-IOP. This investigation suggests that polysaccharides of Inonotus Obliquus extracted by SWE could be further developed as a potential antioxidant resource for dietary supplements of functional food.
Bacterial Transfer Associated with Blowing Out Candles on a Birthday Cake
Authors: Dawson Paul , Han Inyee , Lynn Danielle , Lackey Jenevieve , Baker Johnson , Martinez-Dawson Rose
Published: May 2017

This study examined the potential spread of bacteria when blowing out candles on a birthday cake. Preliminary tests of blowing on nutrient agar indicated that bioaerosols in human breath expelled from the mouth may be a source of bacteria transferred to cake surfaces. To test aerosol transfer to cake, icing was spread evenly over foil then birthday candles were placed through the foil into a Styrofoam™ base. After consuming pizza, test subjects were asked to extinguish the candles by blowing. Icing samples were sterilely recovered then surface plated, to determine the level of bacterial contamination. Blowing out the candles over the icing surface resulted in 1400% more bacteria compared to icing not blown on. Due to the transfer of oral bacteria to icing by blowing out birthday candles, the transfer of bacteria and other microorganisms from the respiratory tract of a person blowing out candles to food consumed by others is likely.
Análise da síndrome da fragilidade em idosos na atenção primária - Estudo transversal
Authors: Augusti Ana Carolina Veloso , Falsarella Gláucia Regina , Coimbra Arlete Maria Valente
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência da síndrome da fragilidade em idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde no bairro Jardim Camanducaia, localizado no município de Amparo, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, que incluiu uma amostra de 306 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade de 65 anos ou mais, residentes no bairro Camanducaia em Amparo, SP, Brasil. Foram avaliados os dados referentes ao sexo, idade, doenças crônicas, desempenho cognitivo e o fenótipo da fragilidade, que considera os critérios de força de preensão, velocidade de marcha, nível de atividade física, perda de peso e fadiga. Resultados: Verificou-se na amostra o predomínio do sexo feminino (60%). Foram caracterizados como frágeis 21,5% dos pacientes investigados, 71,5% dos idosos foram classificados como pré-frágeis e 6% da amostra foi categorizada como não frágil. Conclusão: Observou-se uma alta prevalência de idosos frágeis e pré-frágeis, e esse achado aponta para a necessidade de avaliação periódica do idoso por uma equipe multidisciplinar. Dessa forma, estaria se fazendo uma prevenção da fragilidade, no intuito de reduzir ou minimizar os desfechos adversos na dimensão na saúde.
Rumo à educação baseada em competências: construindo a matriz do internato em Medicina de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Ben Angela Jornada , Lopes José Mauro Ceratti , Daudt Carmen Vera Giacobbo , Pinto Maria Eugênia Bresolin , Oliveira Mônica Maria Celestina de
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Elaborar a matriz de competências a serem desenvolvidas pelos estudantes durante os três meses de estágio no internato em Medicina de Família e Comunidade na Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA). Métodos: Foi realizada revisão de literatura sobre o referencial teórico do ensino baseado em competências sobre escolas médicas que utilizassem o ensino baseado em competências na especialidade e sobre as principais diretrizes nacionais e internacionais sobre o tema. Diante da revisão de literatura, foi discutida a aplicabilidade das recomendações no contexto do internato da UFCSPA. Resultados: Dezoito competências foram elaboradas e divididas em quatro eixos: Geral; Abordagem Individual; Abordagem Familiar e Abordagem Comunitária. Cada competência foi detalhada em um ou mais componentes. Para cada componente, foram identificados os métodos de ensino e de avaliação atualmente utilizados no programa do internato. Conclusão: Com a definição da matriz, as competências, antes desenvolvidas de forma intuitiva, foram organizadas de modo a viabilizar a revisão e adequação dos processos de ensino e avaliação.
Doenças respiratórias em crianças e adolescentes: um perfil dos atendimentos na atenção primária em Vitória/ES
Authors: Frauches Diana de Oliveira , Lopes Isabela Bittencourt Coutinho , Giacomin Henrique Ton Azevedo , Pacheco João Pedro Gonçalves , Costa Ricardo Felipe , Lourenço Christiane Boaventura
Published: May 2017

Objetivo: Identificar as principais causas de atendimento por doenças respiratórias na atenção primária, em Vitória, ES, nos residentes de 0–19 anos, relacionando a gravidade das mesmas com idade e nível socioeconômico, e verificar a variação temporal de frequência desses atendimentos. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo dos atendimentos realizados em 2014 nas 30 unidades básicas de saúde do município de Vitória, com dados do sistema de registros eletrônicos Rede Bem Estar. Realizou-se análise descritiva das variáveis sociodemográficas, grupos de diagnóstico e mês de atendimento e regressão logística entre topografia de acometimento do aparelho respiratório e variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: Dos 113.252 atendimentos de 0–19 anos, doenças respiratórias constituíram as causas mais frequentes (28.810, 25,43% do total, 40,18% dos atendimentos por doença), destacando-se “Infecções agudas das vias aéreas superiores” (61,35%), “Doenças crônicas das vias aéreas inferiores” (14,60%) e “Outras doenças das vias aéreas superiores” (8,69%). A proporção de atendimentos caiu com a idade e foi maior entre residentes em bairro de menor renda domiciliar média. As vias aéreas superiores foram mais acometidas em todas as faixas etárias, principalmente nas mais avançadas, e nos residentes em bairros de maior renda domiciliar média. Porém, apenas 6% da variância da distribuição segundo topografia de acometimento do aparelho respiratório foi explicada por faixa etária e nível socioeconômico. Observou-se crescimento dos atendimentos nos meses de março a novembro. Conclusões: Doenças respiratórias são agravos de grande impacto na população pediátrica em Vitória. Recomendam-se medidas de prevenção primária e secundária que levem em consideração a multicausalidade envolvida na determinação dessas doenças.
Effects of Torso-Weighting on Standing Balance and Falls During the Sensory Organization Test in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Horn Kristin K. , Allen Diane D. , Gibson-Horn Cynthia , Widener Gail L.
Published: May 2017

Background:

In people with multiple sclerosis (MS), common gait and balance impairments can lead to falls, fear of falling, activity restriction, and social isolation. Sensory augmentation in the form of torso-weighting has resulted in improvement in gait and balance, but research on its effect on falls in MS is lacking.

Methods:

60 people with MS and 10 bin-matched controls completed the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) while nonweighted and again while weighted using the Balance-Based Torso-Weighting assessment method. This was a quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study. The SOT composite scores, equilibrium scores, and number of falls occurring across six SOT conditions were compared between and within groups using 2-way analysis of variance, α = .05 with planned t test analyses of weighting effects.

Results:

A significant increase in composite score of 9.14 points nonweighted to weighted occurred in the MS group (P < .001) but not in controls (P = .626). Equilibrium scores were significantly higher with weights in the MS group (P < .001) but not in controls (P = .5). Falls during the SOT were reduced by 35% with weights in the MS group versus without weights (P < .001), with the greatest number of falls occurring in the most challenging SOT conditions.

Conclusions:

During a single testing session, torso-weighting produced significant improvements in postural stability and fall reduction during the SOT for people with MS but no change in controls. Further research is needed to determine whether torso-weighting has the potential to reduce falls in MS during real-world activities.
Evaluation of the immunogenicity and impact on the latent HIV‐1 reservoir of a conserved region vaccine, MVA.HIVconsv, in antiretroviral therapy‐treated subjects
Authors: Hancock Gemma , Morón‐López Sara , Kopycinski Jakub , Puertas Maria C. , Giannoulatou Eleni , Rose Annie , Salgado Maria , Hayton Emma‐Jo , Crook Alison , Morgan Catharine , Angus Brian , Chen Fabian , Yang Hongbing , Martinez‐Picado Javier , Hanke Tomas , Dorrell Lucy
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Vaccines may be key components of a curative strategy for HIV‐1. We investigated whether a novel immunogen, HIVconsv, designed to re‐direct T cell responses to conserved viral epitopes, could impact the HIV‐1 reservoir in chronic antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐treated subjects when delivered by modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA).

Methods: Nineteen virologically suppressed individuals were randomized to receive vaccinations with MVA.HIVconsv (5.5 × 107 plaque‐forming units, pfu, n = 8; 2.2 × 108 pfu, n = 7) or placebo (n = 4) at 0, 4 and 12 weeks. Magnitude, breadth and antiviral function of vaccine‐induced T cells, cell‐associated HIV‐1 DNA in circulating CD4+ T cells and residual viremia in plasma were measured before and after vaccination.

Results: 90% of subjects completed the vaccine regimen; there were no serious vaccine‐related adverse events. The magnitude of HIVconsv‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting T cells was not significantly boosted in vaccinees when compared with placebos in ex vivo Elispot assays, due to greater than expected variation in HIV‐specific T cell responses in the latter during the observation period. Ex vivo CD8+ T cell viral inhibitory capacity was modest but significantly increased post‐vaccination with MVA.HIVconsv at the higher dose (p = 0.004) and was positively correlated with the frequency of HIVconsv‐specific CD8+ CD107+ IFN‐α± T cells (r = 0.57, p = 0.01). Total HIV‐1 DNA and residual viral load did not change significantly from baseline in any group.

Conclusions: Homologous prime‐boost vaccination with MVA.HIVconsv was safe in HIV‐positive ART‐treated subjects but showed modest immunogenicity and did not significantly change the size of the viral reservoir. MVA.HIVconsv may be more effective when used in a heterologous prime‐boost vaccination regimen and when combined with a latency‐reversing agent.

Clinical Trials Registration NCT01024842
Angular velocity integration in a fly heading circuit
Authors: Turner-Evans Daniel , Wegener Stephanie , Rouault Hervé , Franconville Romain , Wolff Tanya , Seelig Johannes D , Druckmann Shaul , Jayaraman Vivek
Published: May 2017

Many animals maintain an internal representation of their heading as they move through their surroundings. Such a compass representation was recently discovered in a neural population in the Drosophila melanogaster central complex, a brain region implicated in spatial navigation. Here, we use two-photon calcium imaging and electrophysiology in head-fixed walking flies to identify a different neural population that conjunctively encodes heading and angular velocity, and is excited selectively by turns in either the clockwise or counterclockwise direction. We show how these mirror-symmetric turn responses combine with the neurons’ connectivity to the compass neurons to create an elegant mechanism for updating the fly’s heading representation when the animal turns in darkness. This mechanism, which employs recurrent loops with an angular shift, bears a resemblance to those proposed in theoretical models for rodent head direction cells. Our results provide a striking example of structure matching function for a broadly relevant computation.
A genetic basis for molecular asymmetry at vertebrate electrical synapses
Authors: Miller Adam C , Whitebirch Alex C , Shah Arish N , Marsden Kurt C , Granato Michael , O'Brien John , Moens Cecilia B
Published: May 2017

Neural network function is based upon the patterns and types of connections made between neurons. Neuronal synapses are adhesions specialized for communication and they come in two types, chemical and electrical. Communication at chemical synapses occurs via neurotransmitter release whereas electrical synapses utilize gap junctions for direct ionic and metabolic coupling. Electrical synapses are often viewed as symmetrical structures, with the same components making both sides of the gap junction. By contrast, we show that a broad set of electrical synapses in zebrafish, Danio rerio, require two gap-junction-forming Connexins for formation and function. We find that one Connexin functions presynaptically while the other functions postsynaptically in forming the channels. We also show that these synapses are required for the speed and coordination of escape responses. Our data identify a genetic basis for molecular asymmetry at vertebrate electrical synapses and show they are required for appropriate behavioral performance.
The cost of communication in the brain
Authors: MacVicar Brian A , Wicki-Stordeur Leigh , Bernier Louis-Philippe
Published: May 2017

Imaging ATP in axons reveals that they rely on glucose from the blood and lactate produced by glial cells as sources of energy.
Unique arm-flapping behavior of the pharaoh cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis: putative mimicry of a hermit crab
Authors: Okamoto Kohei , Yasumuro Haruhiko , Mori Akira , Ikeda Yuzuru
Published: May 2017

Cephalopods are able to control their arms sophisticatedly and use them for various behaviors, such as camouflage, startling predators and hunting prey. Here, we report a previously undescribed arm-flapping behavior of the pharaoh cuttlefish,Sepia pharaonis, observed in captivity.S. pharaonisraised the first pair of arms and wrinkled the parts near the distal end, where the skin color was darkened. Additionally,S. pharaonisspread the second and third pairs of arms and bent them as if they were jointed, and flapped the distal ends.S. pharaonisshowed this behavior in two different situations: after being introduced into a large space, and during hunting. We discuss the putative functions of this behavior, including possible mimicry of a hermit crab, considering the situations in which the behavior was observed.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Osseous Instability of the Shoulder
Authors: Porter David A. , Birns Michael , Hobart Sarah J. , Kowalsky Marc , Galano Gregory J.
Published: May 2017

Background

Bony deficiency of the anteroinferior glenoid rim as a result of a dislocation can lead to recurrent glenohumeral instability. These lesions, traditionally treated by open techniques, are increasingly being treated arthroscopically as our understanding of the pathophysiology and anatomy of the glenohumeral joint becomes clearer. Different techniques for arthroscopic management have been described and continue to evolve. While the success of the repair is surgeon dependent, the recent advances in arthroscopic shoulder surgery have contributed to the growing acceptance of arthroscopic reconstruction of glenoid bone defects to restore stability.

Questions/Purposes

The purpose of this study was to describe arthroscopic surgical management options for patients with glenohumeral osseous lesions and instability.

Methods

A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, and Medline was conducted to identify eligible studies. The reference lists of identified articles were then screened. Both technique articles and long-term outcome studies evaluating arthroscopic management of glenohumeral lesions were included.

Results

Studies included for final analysis ranged from Level II to V evidence. Technique articles include suture anchor fixation of associated glenoid rim fractures, arthroscopic reduction and percutaneous fixation of greater tuberosity fractures, arthroscopic filling (“remplissage”) of the humeral Hill-Sachs lesion, and an all-arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. The overall redislocation rate varied but was consistently <10% with a low complication rate.

Conclusion

Management of glenohumeral instability can be challenging but more recent advances in arthroscopic techniques have provided improved means of treating this diagnosis. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of the arthroscopic treatment of osseous instability of the shoulder. It provides an in depth look at the various treatment options and describes techniques for each.
Influences of Wave Climate and Sea Level on Shoreline Erosion Rates in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Sanford Lawrence P. , Gao Jia
Published: May 2017

We investigated spatial correlations between wave forcing, sea level fluctuations, and shoreline erosion in the Maryland Chesapeake Bay (CB), in an attempt to identify the most important relationships and their spatial patterns. We implemented the Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) model and a parametric wave model from the USEPA Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) to simulate wave climate in CB from 1985 to 2005. Calibrated sea level simulations from the CBP hydrodynamic model over the same time period were also acquired. The separate and joint statistics of waves and sea level were investigated for the entire CB. Spatial patterns of sea level during the high wave events most important for erosion were dominated by local north-south winds in the upper Bay and by remote coastal forcing in the lower Bay. We combined wave and sea level data sets with estimates of historical shoreline erosion rates and shoreline characteristics compiled by the State of Maryland at two different spatial resolutions to explore the factors affecting erosion. The results show that wave power is the most significant influence on erosion in the Maryland CB, but that many other local factors are also implicated. Marshy shorelines show a more homogeneous, approximately linear relationship between wave power and erosion rates, whereas bank shorelines are more complex. Marshy shorelines appear to erode faster than bank shorelines, for the same wave power and bank height. A new expression for the rate of shoreline erosion is proposed, building on previous work. The proposed new relationship expresses the mass rate of shoreline erosion as a locally linear function of the difference between applied wave power and a threshold wave power, multiplied by a structure function that depends on the ratio of water depth to bank height.
Enhancer-Derived RNA: A Primer
Authors: Liu Feng
Published: May 2017

Enhancer-derived RNAs (eRNAs) are a group of RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II from the domain of transcription enhancers, a major type of cis-regulatory elements in the genome. The correlation between eRNA production and enhancer activity has stimulated studies on the potential role of eRNAs in transcriptional regulation. Additionally, eRNA has also served as a marker for global identification of enhancers. Here I review the brief history and fascinating properties of eRNAs.
The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
Authors: Hayden Kathleen M. , Beavers Daniel P. , Steck Susan E. , Hebert James R. , Tabung Fred K. , Shivappa Nitin , Casanova Ramon , Manson JoAnn E. , Padula Claudia B. , Salmoirago‐Blotcher Elena , Snetselaar Linda G. , Zaslavsky Oleg , Rapp Stephen R.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets have been associated with lower dementia risk. We evaluated dietary inflammatory potential in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia risk.

Methods

Baseline food frequency questionnaires fromn = 7085 women (aged 65–79 years) were used to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores that were categorized into four groups. Cognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all‐cause dementia cases were adjudicated centrally. Mixed effect models evaluated cognitive decline on over time; Cox models evaluated the risk of MCI or dementia across DII groups.

Results

Over an average of 9.7 years, there were 1081 incident cases of cognitive impairment. Higher DII scores were associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing lower (anti‐inflammatory; group 1 referent) DII scores to the higher scores were group 2‐HR: 1.01 (0.86–1.20); group 3‐HR: 0.99 (0.82–1.18); and group 4‐HR: 1.27 (1.06–1.52).

Conclusions

Diets with the highest pro‐inflammatory potential were associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia.
Discrimination Laundering
Authors: Green Tristin K.
Published: May 2017

While discrimination in the workplace is often perceived to be undertaken at the hands of individual or 'rogue' employees acting against the better interest of their employers, the truth is often the opposite: organizations are inciting discrimination through the work environments that they create. Worse, the law increasingly ignores this reality and exacerbates the problem. In this groundbreaking book, Tristin K. Green describes the process of discrimination laundering, showing how judges are changing the law to protect employers, and why. By bringing organizations back into the discussion of discrimination, with real-world stories and extensive social-science research, Green shows how organizational and legal efforts to minimize discrimination - usually by policing individuals over broader organizational change - are taking us in the wrong direction, and how the law could do better, by creating incentives for organizational efforts that are likely to minimize discrimination, instead of inciting it.
Africa from the Margins
Authors: Hodgson Dorothy L.
Published: May 2017

This article argues for the continued merits of research with rural, long-marginalized peoples, including those whose fervent invocations of ethnic difference—such as Maasai—make many scholars and politicians nervous. Their perspectives “from the margins” offer key theoretical and political insights into this complicated place we call “Africa” by challenging grand narratives of modernization, “Africa rising,” and supposedly “universal” ideas of progress and justice. They also defy enduring stereotypes about the passivity and ignorance of rural peoples. I argue, in other words, for the value of both seeing and theorizing Africa from the margins.
Quantitative Pesin theory for Anosov diffeomorphisms and flows
Authors: GOUËZEL SÉBASTIEN , STOYANOV LUCHEZAR
Published: May 2017

Pesin sets are measurable sets along which the behavior of a matrix cocycle above a measure-preserving dynamical system is explicitly controlled. In uniformly hyperbolic dynamics, we study how often points return to Pesin sets under suitable conditions on the cocycle: if it is locally constant, or if it admits invariant holonomies and is pinching and twisting, we show that the measure of points that do not return a linear number of times to Pesin sets is exponentially small. We discuss applications to the exponential mixing of contact Anosov flows and consider counterexamples illustrating the necessity of suitable conditions on the cocycle.
LOCALLY NORMAL SUBGROUPS OF TOTALLY DISCONNECTED GROUPS. PART II: COMPACTLY GENERATED SIMPLE GROUPS
Authors: CAPRACE PIERRE-EMMANUEL , REID COLIN D. , WILLIS GEORGE A.
Published: May 2017

We use the structure lattice, introduced in Part I, to undertake a systematic study of the class $\mathscr{S}$ consisting of compactly generated, topologically simple, totally disconnected locally compact groups that are nondiscrete. Given $G\in \mathscr{S}$, we show that compact open subgroups of $G$ involve finitely many isomorphism types of composition factors, and do not have any soluble normal subgroup other than the trivial one. By results of Part I, this implies that the centralizer lattice and local decomposition lattice of $G$ are Boolean algebras. We show that the $G$-action on the Stone space of those Boolean algebras is minimal, strongly proximal, and microsupported. Building upon those results, we obtain partial answers to the following key problems: Are all groups in $\mathscr{S}$ abstractly simple? Can a group in $\mathscr{S}$ be amenable? Can a group in $\mathscr{S}$ be such that the contraction groups of all of its elements are trivial?
“Let Us Sing as We Go”: Language Origins and the Sung Response of Faith
Authors: Beaton Rhodora
Published: May 2017

Theological and evolutionary anthropological analysis of the role of song in human and (some) animal communication can help to expand our understanding of the ways that language functions as mediator of the divine-human relationship. This article considers the role of a musical protolanguage in the evolution of human language, demonstrating the connections between contemporary human language and the songs or calls of other animals. Consideration of the broader category of communication in the place traditionally held by a more narrow understanding of language can help to highlight the role that emotion, instinct, and relationality play in the relationship that humans have with God. Such a realization opens the doors to further theological questions about the role of humanity in a suffering creation, the relationship between God and nonhuman creatures, and the role of song in liturgical celebration.
The effect of feeding Levucell SC™ rumen specific live yeast on feed intake and weight gain performance of calves during weaning
Authors: Turney A. , Clay A. , Waldron L.
Published: May 2017

A trial was run to examine the influence of feeding a rumen specific live yeast, Levucell SC™ (Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Hamilton, New Zealand), on feed intakes and body weights of calves at weaning. Sixty male, Friesian cross calves, aged four days old, were randomly allocated to either a control (unsupplemented) creep feed diet or one containing Levucell SC™, a rumen specific strain of live yeast. All calves were fed a commercial milk replacer (CMR) and offered straw and creep feed ad libitum from entry, and intakes and weight gains were recorded. At six weeks of age, the calves were transferred to grazing with ad libitum access to creep feed and monitored for a further two weeks, covering the transition period from milk to grazing. The calves fed Levucell SC™ had higher feed intakes at weaning (1.105 kg/day versus 1.523 kg/day at seven weeks of age; P = 0.0434 and 1.179 kg/day versus 1.965 kg/day at eight weeks of age; P = 0.0272 for control and Levucell SC™ respectively). Correspondingly, average daily gain (ADG) was improved. At seven weeks of age, ADG was 0.659 kg versus 0.912 kg (P = 0.039), and at eight weeks of age ADG was 0.457 kg versus 0.707 kg (P = 0.0650) for control and Levucell SC™ respectively. It was concluded that supplying Levucell SC™ via creep feed prevented the drop off in calf performance at weaning, in terms of both feed intake and weight gain. This is important, as early rumen development and pre-weaning growth rates are related to a reduction in gastric upsets at weaning, future growth performance in calves and future lactation performance.
Antecedents and outcomes of breadth and depth of absorptive capacity: An empirical study
Authors: Zou Bo , Guo Feng , Guo Jinyu
Published: May 2017

Although previous studies have considered the antecedents and outcomes of absorptive capacity, much remains to be learned on this subject. Firms need to absorb breadth and depth of knowledge and form absorptive capacities that are contingent on various social capitals to improve innovation and performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the antecedents and outcomes of the breadth and depth of absorptive capacity from the perspective of social capital theory. Based on a sample of 218 Chinese firms, empirical results suggest that weak tie sources and knowledge breadth can enhance the breadth of absorptive capacity, and that strong tie sources and knowledge depth can strengthen the depth of absorptive capacity. The results also suggest that the breadth of absorptive capacity positively impacts the depth of absorptive capacity, and that both breadth and depth of absorptive capacity are positively related to innovation performance.
The Early Cretaceous Shangzhuang layered mafic intrusion and its bearing on decratonization of the North China Craton
Authors: TENG XUE-MING , SANTOSH M. , TANG LI
Published: May 2017

The North China Craton (NCC) is one of the classic examples of decratonization through extensive lithospheric destruction during Mesozoic time. Among the various pulses of magmatism associated with cratonic erosion are the rare mafic intrusions in the Yanshan Belt. Here we investigate the Shangzhuang layered intrusion belonging to this suite, which is characterized by compositional layering with troctolite, noritic gabbro and gabbro/gabbroic anorthosite/gabbrodiorite from the bottom to top. The different lithologies of this intrusion exhibit close field relationships, similar chemical patterns and overall identical Lu–Hf isotopes indicating a co-magmatic nature. The fine-grained gabbros occurring near the margin of the intrusion display U–Pb ages similar to those of the other rocks and are considered to represent the composition of the parent magma, characterized by Fe, Mg and Ti enrichment. The magma was sourced from low-degree partial melting of spinel lherzolite sub-continental lithospheric mantle, which had been enriched by crust–mantle interaction and metasomatic fluids derived from the Mongolian oceanic slab subduction beneath the NCC during Late Palaeozoic time. In addition, limited asthenospheric or deeper-mantle materials were also locally mixed with the enriched mantle as the final source component. Our zircon U–Pb data constrain the emplacement age of this intrusion asc. 128–123 Ma in Early Cretaceous time, and correlates with the regional extensional tectonics betweenc. 135 and 115 Ma in the eastern and central NCC. Mantle upwelling associated with this event resulted in the thermal and chemical erosion of the lithospheric mantle, and emplacement of the parent magma of this layered intrusion.
Gender Differences in Executives’ Access to Information
Authors: Inci A. Can , Narayanan M. P. , Seyhun H. Nejat
Published: May 2017

We provide novel evidence on gender differences in insider-trading behavior and the profitability of senior corporate executives. On average, both female and male executives make positive profits from insider trading. Males, however, earn significantly more than females in equivalent positions and also trade more than females. These gender differences disappear when we limit the sample to firms in which female trading is relatively high. Collectively, these results suggest that female executives have a disadvantage relative to males in access to inside information, even if they have equal formal status, and informal networks may play an important role in attenuating this disadvantage.
Update on the distribution of the co-invasiveSchyzocotyle acheilognathi(=Bothriocephalus acheilognathi), the Asian fish tapeworm, in freshwater fishes of Mexico
Authors: Pérez-Ponce de León G. , Lagunas-Calvo O. , García-Prieto L. , Briosio-Aguilar R. , Aguilar-Aguilar R.
Published: May 2017

The Asian fish tapeworm,Schyzocotyle acheilognathi(syn.Bothriocephalus acheilognathi) represents a threat to freshwater fish, mainly cyprinids, across the globe. This tapeworm possesses an extraordinary ability to adapt to different environmental conditions and, because of that, from its natural geographical origin in mainland Asia, it has colonized every continent except Antarctica. It is thought that this pathogenic tapeworm was first co-introduced into Mexico in 1965 from China, with the grass carpCtenopharyngodon idella, although the first formal record of its presence was published in 1981. Over the past 35 years, the Asian fish tapeworm has invaded about 22% of the freshwater fish in Mexico. Because fish communities in Mexico are characterized by high species richness and levels of endemism,S. acheilognathiis considered as a co-introduced and co-invasive species. In this review, we update the geographic distribution and host spectrum of the Asian fish tapeworm in Mexico. Up until December 2016, the tapeworm had been recorded in 110 freshwater fish species (96 native and 14 introduced), included in 51 genera, 11 families and 4 orders; it was also widely distributed in all types of aquatic environments, and has been found in 214 localities. We present novel data from a survey aimed at establishing the distribution pattern of the tapeworm in native freshwater fishes of two rivers in north-central Mexico, and the genetic variation among individuals of this co-invasive species collected from different host species and localities. We discuss briefly the factors that have determined the remarkable invasive success of this parasite in freshwater systems in Mexico.
Adjunctive memantine for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Zheng W. , Li X-H. , Yang X-H. , Cai D-B. , Ungvari G. S. , Ng C. H. , Wang S-B. , Wang Y-Y. , Ning Y-P. , Xiang Y-T.
Published: May 2017

Background

Dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of memantine, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist, in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Methods

Standardized/weighted mean differences (SMDs/WMDs), risk ratio (RR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and analyzed.

Results

Included in the meta-analysis were eight RCTs (n = 452) of 11.5 ± 2.6 weeks duration, with 229 patients on memantine (20 mg/day) and 223 patients on placebo. Adjunctive memantine outperformed placebo in the measures of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale negative symptoms [SMD: −0.63 (95% CI −1.10 to −0.16), p = 0.009, I2 = 77%], but not in the total, positive and general symptoms [SMD: −0.46 to −0.08 (95% CI −0.93 to 0.22), p = 0.06–0.60, I2 = 0–74%] or the Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale [WMD: 0.04 (95% CI −0.24 to 0.32), p = 0.78]. The negative symptoms remained significant after excluding one outlying RCT [SMD: −0.41 (95% CI −0.72 to −0.11), p = 0.008, I2 = 47%]. Compared with the placebo group, adjunctive memantine was associated with significant improvement in neurocognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [WMD: 3.09, (95% CI 1.77–4.42), p < 0.00001, I2 = 22%]. There was no significant difference in the discontinuation rate [RR: 1.34 (95% CI 0.76–2.37), p = 0.31, I2 = 0%] and adverse drug reactions between the two groups.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis showed that adjunctive memantine appears to be an efficacious and safe treatment for improving negative symptoms and neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia. Higher quality RCTs with larger samples are warranted to confirm these findings.
White matter connectivity disruptions in early and chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Di Biase M. A. , Cropley V. L. , Baune B. T. , Olver J. , Amminger G. P. , Phassouliotis C. , Bousman C. , McGorry P. D. , Everall I. , Pantelis C. , Zalesky A.
Published: May 2017

Background

White matter disruptions in schizophrenia have been widely reported, but it remains unclear whether these abnormalities differ between illness stages. We mapped the connectome in patients with recently diagnosed and chronic schizophrenia and investigated the extent and overlap of white matter connectivity disruptions between these illness stages.

Methods

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired in recent-onset (n = 19) and chronic patients (n = 45) with schizophrenia, as well as age-matched controls (n = 87). Whole-brain fiber tracking was performed to quantify the strength of white matter connections. Connections were tested for significant streamline count reductions in recent-onset and chronic groups, relative to separate age-matched controls. Permutation tests were used to assess whether disrupted connections significantly overlapped between chronic and recent-onset patients. Linear regression was performed to test whether connectivity was strongest in controls, weakest in chronic patients, and midway between these extremities in recent-onset patients (controls > recent-onset > chronic).

Results

Compared with controls, chronic patients displayed a widespread network of connectivity disruptions (p < 0.01). In contrast, connectivity reductions were circumscribed to the anterior fibers of the corpus callosum in recent-onset patients (p < 0.01). A significant proportion of disrupted connections in recent-onset patients (86%) coincided with disrupted connections in chronic patients (p < 0.01). Linear regression revealed that chronic patients displayed reduced connectivity relative to controls, while recent-onset patients showed an intermediate reduction compared with chronic patients (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Connectome pathology in recent-onset patients with schizophrenia is confined to select tracts within a more extensive network of white matter connectivity disruptions found in chronic illness. These findings may suggest a trajectory of progressive deterioration of connectivity in schizophrenia.
Invariant character varieties of hyperbolic knots with symmetries
Authors: PAOLUZZI LUISA , PORTI JOAN
Published: May 2017

We study character varieties of symmetric knots and their reductions modp. We observe that the varieties present a different behaviour according to whether the knots admit a free or periodic symmetry.
The Rise of Populist Right-wing Parties in the 2014 European Parliament: Election and Implications for European Integration
Authors: Luo Chih-Mei
Published: May 2017

The 2014 European Parliament (EP) election resulted in the rise of populist right-wing parties (PRPs). This paper aims to answer: why PRPs were able to rise in the 2014 EP election; what messages were delivered by the election results regarding European integration; and whether or not policy-makers addressed the messages correctly with the right policy responses? After examining the competing interpretations, this paper argues that a deep disillusionment and crisis of trust in the political establishment, which derived from the long neglect of deteriorating distributional justice and fairness in European integration, which became acute after the euro crisis mismanagement, explains the 2014 EP election results. This paper, accordingly, argues that policy redirection of EU economic governance and the addressing of a ‘social Europe’ are required to regain political trust. After assessing the policy responses taken by the EU, an economic Europe is expected to revive, but the required social Europe will still remain absent.
Client Perceptions of Helpfulness in Therapy: a Novel Video-Rating Methodology for Examining Process Variables at Brief Intervals During a Single Session
Authors: Cocklin Alexandra A. , Mansell Warren , Emsley Richard , McEvoy Phil , Preston Chloe , Comiskey Jody , Tai Sara
Published: May 2017

Background: The value of clients’ reports of their experiences in therapy is widely recognized, yet quantitative methodology has rarely been used to measure clients’ self-reported perceptions of what is helpful over a single session. Aims: A video-rating method using was developed to gather data at brief intervals using process measures of client perceived experience and standardized measures of working alliance (Session Rating Scale; SRS). Data were collected over the course of a single video-recorded session of cognitive therapy (Method of Levels Therapy; Carey, 2006; Mansell et al., 2012). We examined the acceptability and feasibility of the methodology and tested the concurrent validity of the measure by utilizing theory-led constructs. Method: Eighteen therapy sessions were video-recorded and clients each rated a 20-minute session of therapy at two-minute intervals using repeated measures. A multi-level analysis was used to test for correlations between perceived levels of helpfulness and client process variables. Results: The design proved to be feasible. Concurrent validity was borne out through high correlations between constructs. A multi-level regression examined the independent contributions of client process variables to client perceived helpfulness. Client perceived control (b = 0.39, 95% CI .05 to 0.73), the ability to talk freely (b = 0.30, SE = 0.11, 95% CI .09 to 0.51) and therapist approach (b = 0.31, SE = 0.14, 95% CI .04 to 0.57) predicted client-rated helpfulness. Conclusions: We identify a feasible and acceptable method for studying continuous measures of helpfulness and their psychological correlates during a single therapy session.
Face and Object Perception in Body Dysmorphic Disorder versus Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Mooney Faces Task
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Castle David J. , Rossell Susan L.
Published: May 2017

Objectives: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors and/or mental acts occurring in response to preoccupations with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance. There are some similarities, but also important differences, between BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), not just in terms of core clinical symptoms, but possibly in the domain of perception. This study compared the nature and extent of perceptual anomalies in BDD versus OCD and health controls (HC), using a modified Mooney task. Methods: We included 21 BDD, 19 OCD, and 21 HC participants, who were age-, sex-, and IQ-matched. A set of 40 Mooney faces and 40 Mooney objects arranged in three configurations (i.e., upright, inverted, or scrambled) were presented under brief (i.e., 500 ms) free-viewing conditions. Participants were asked to decide whether each image represented a human face, an object, or neither in a forced-choice paradigm. Results: The BDD group showed significantly reduced face and object inversion effects relative to the other two groups. This was accounted for by BDD participants being significantly more accurate in identifying inverted Mooney faces and objects than the other participants. Conclusions: These data were interpreted as reflecting an overreliance on independent components at the expense of holistic (configural) processing in BDD. (JINS, 2017, 23, 471–480)