bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labelling the Ottoman Empire as ‘Turkey’ in the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893
Authors: Heck Özge Girit
Published: June 2019

Through an examination of government, media, and commercial sources published during the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893, this article demonstrates the co-existence of three dominant ideological movements that helped create a unified social identity for the Ottoman Empire against threats of nationalism and imperialism from the Great Western Powers, in specific, the United States, during the late nineteenth century. The three ideologies that found a representation at the World’s Fair were: Ottomanism, Islamism, and Turkism. Firsthand accounts of the Ottoman Empire through these three ideologies reveal American and Western nations’ political and cultural power and influence over the Ottoman Empire, which was made possible through the external labelling of the Ottoman Empire as ‘Turkey’, and its people as ‘Turkish’, as well as through the representation of the Ottoman Empire as a ‘Muslim state’. This article will also examine how American Orientalism was perpetuated at the fair, through juxtaposing the United States’ modern and democratic institutions visually and textually with the Ottoman Empire’s conservative and authoritarian ones.
Some comments on Jorink’s ‘Swammerdam, hoveling?’
Authors: Anderson Douglas
Published: June 2019

In this paper a reaction is presented on an earlier article, published in Studium, devoted to the reputation of the 17th-century microscopist Johannes Swammerdam (1637-1680). It is argued that the picture sketched in that paper by Eric Jorink has some interpretations which can be questioned in the light of the available historical sources.
Een bijzondere aankoop voor de KB: Huddes Specilla circularia
Authors: Van Delft Marieke
Published: June 2019

In this article, the acquisition by the KB | National Library of the Netherlands is discussed of the only known printed copy of the book Specilla circularia, written by Johannes Hudde in 1656. The existence of this small but innovative booklet on the optical properties of telescope lenses was only known from contemporary scholarly correspondence. The content was unknown for a long time, but in 1995 two manuscripts revealing the text of Hudde’s Specilla circularia were discovered and subsequently pub- lished. In 2016 an extremely rare printed copy of Hudde’s booklet surfaced in an auction at the London department of Christies. Research by the auctioneer (and confirmed by other scholars), showed that this copy probably came from the library of Gerard Meerman, auctioned in The Hague in 1824.The extreme rarity of the booklet, its provenance and its contents led to the idea that the KB | National Library of the Netherlands would be the appropriate place for this booklet, written by a Dutch math- ematical heavyweight. After all, the KB houses an important Spinoza collection and a major collection of books written by Hudde’s contemporaties. Thus the KB attempted to acquire the Specilla circulariaand this proved successful: Hudde’s printed leaflet is now one of the highlights of this library.
‘Philosophus et Mathematicus Incomparabilis’: Johannes Hudde (1628–1704), de Verlichte burgemeester van Amsterdam
Authors: De Jong Theo , Zuidervaart Huib
Published: June 2019

This article is devoted to the scholarly achievements of Johannes Hudde, who in the late seventeenth century was one of the most influential mayors of Amsterdam. Already in his years as a student at Leiden University, Hudde became renowned as a very skilled mathematician. Coming from an elite Amsterdam family, it was his destiny to become a magistrate in the service of the city of Amsterdam. He also occupied the office of Director of the Dutch East India Company VOC. In these high posi- tions Hudde stimulated many technical innovations, for instance concerning the quality, quantity and supply of water in Amsterdam; the introduction of street lighting; the improvement of fire hoses and much more. His enlightened ideas also gave rise to fairly moderate points of view. Several con- troversial ideas could be published without obstruction during Hudde’s time as one of Amsterdam’s ‘Burgemeesters’.
Physical Parameters Measurement of Breast Equivalent Phantom for Clinical Studies in Radiofrequency Hyperthermia
Authors: Kavousi Mahsa , Saadatmand Erfan , Riahi alam Nader
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Breast cancer is one of the fatal diseases which causes death in women. Microwave hyperthermia is one way to treat cancer cells by irradiating RF waves to the cells and increasing their temperature. In our study, we fabricated breast phantom. Then we placed it in an RF field with a frequency of 13.56 MHz. We measured the temperature difference in several parts of the phantom, eventually.
Materials and Methods: We designed a 5cm radius hemisphere geometry which is similar to real breast considering as fat tissue, glandular tissue as a semi-oval embedded in the hemisphere and a 1cm radius sphere as a tumor region in it. Then, it is utilized in a three-dimensional printer. After that, each layer of the phantom was filled with a suitable mixture of oil-gelatin which had similar properties of a real breast. Finally, we placed it in a microwave device with a frequency of 13.56 MHz.
Results: During exposing RF to the phantom, the temperature differences were measured in four different points of the phantom. Our power and time in this treatment were 40 watt and 5 minutes, respectively. Temperature and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) plots were obtained in several graphs for 5 minutes.
Conclusion: The results showed that the heat generation with this frequency is much enough to cause damage in tumor tissues while healthy tissues tolerate a lower amount of heat. The results have shown that this band of frequency can cause ablation in tumor tissues and can be used for breast cancer treatments.
The Effect of Organizational Resources, Organizational Capabilities, and Learning Orientation on Marketing Mix in Yazd Hospitals
Authors: Vakili Kazem , Neyebzadeh Shahnaz , Yadegariyan Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: The most prominent features of the current world include globalization of the economy, mass production, excess capacity for production lines of the factories and industries in most markets, intensive competition, massive information, and inefficiencies in communications. These all represent formation of the global markets for all national and regional companies, complexity of markets, and the dynamics of this competitive environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational resources, organizational capabilities, and learning orientation on the marketing mix in hospitals of Yazd.
Methods: This was a descriptive research conducted in 2014. Leonidou et al.'s questionnaire was conducted to study the organizational resources and capabilities. In order to investigate the learning orientation variable, a questionnaire was adopted from a research by Yuan et al. (2013). moreover, to study the  marketing mix variable, the questionnaire from the study conducted by Yaghoobi et al. (2011) was adopted.  The random sampling method was used and 313 eligible hospital staffs were selected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS18. The relationship between variables and factors were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques using Lisrel 8.72 software.
Results: The first hypothesis revealed a significant relationship between organizational resources and marketing mix, the second hypothesis confirmed a relationship between organizational capabilities and marketing mix, and the third hypothesis showed the effect of learning orientation on the marketing mix, which was confirmed by hypotheses 1 and 3.
Conclusion: Hospital managers should focus on the internal environment of the hospital and identify strengths of the hospital to select the most appropriate strategic options for allocating and distributing resources and capabilities. The potential of human resources, as institutional capital in the health care industry, should be strengthen and developed by managers.
Effect of Aging on Health Expenditure and Gross Domestic Product in Selected Countries by A Dynamic Panel Approach
Authors: Yahyavi Dizaj Jafar , Na'emani Faroogh , Mohammadzadeh Yousef , Irandoust Kamran
Published: June 2019

Background: An increase in the aging population can affect economic growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by reducing labor supply, reducing productivity, and increasing burden on the population. The current study aimed to explain the economic effects of aging and examined the relationship between aging, health expenditure, and GDP.  
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the data of global development indicators, published by World Bank for the selected countries from 1996 to 2017. The study population included 40 selected countries with moderate to high income. The data related to each country were extracted. Later, the dynamic panel data approach and generalized method of moments (GMM) were applied to analyze the information. Furthermore, the generalized method of moments regression was also used by Stata 14.
Results: The findings showed that aging had a negative and significant effect on GDP, so that increase of 1.00 % in the elderly population decreased the GDP growth by 2.14 %. Furthermore, countries' investment in the health sector had a positive and significant effect on the GDP. In this regard, an increase of 1.00 % in health and treatment costs improved the GPD by 0.03 %. Multiplication of  aging in health expenditure and inflation index had a significant negative impact on the growth of GDP per capita.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that population aging reduced GDP by absorbing a part of the health expenditure. Therefore, in order to reduce the negative effects of this phenomenon, a long-term approach to budgeting is required to strengthen and support the pension fund, plan more comprehensive health insurance coverage for the elderly, and develop related institutions.
Correlation of Patients' Health Literacy and Physician-Patient Interaction: A Case Study in Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, 2019
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Hashemi Nayereh , Bahrami Mohammad Amin
Published: June 2019

Background: Health literacy was defined as the cognitive and social skills, which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to search, understand, and use the information, which maintain and promote their health. This study was aimed to assess patients’ health literacy and to examine its correlation with physician-patient interaction. Methods: This analytical correlation cross-sectional study was conducted in Shiraz Shahid Faghihi hospital in 2019. A total of 200 patients were selected using the stratified-random method to participate in this study. The required data were collected using two valid questionnaires including Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) and Interpersonal Processes of Care in Diverse Populations Questionnaire (IPC). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied in data analysis. Results: Patients' health literacy and majority of its dimensions (with the exception of evaluation) were statistically correlated with physicianpatient interaction among the studied population. Conclusion: Effective interventions should be designed and implemented to promote health literacy both in general and patient populations. As a result, positive achievements can be created through improving the physician-patient interaction.
Treatment Chronicle: a Tool for Assessing Health Service Utilization among Insured Individuals
Authors: Ferdosi Masoud , Rezayatmand Mohammad Reza , Feiz Bakhsh Abbas , Dehghani Hamid Reza , Aghili Dehkordi Golnoosh
Published: June 2019

Background: Assessment of the health services utilization among the insured individuals is difficult for insurance companies because they have no integrated information. So, the aim of this study was to introduce a tool to facilitate this issue named  "Treatment Chronicle".
Method: This descriptive and applied study was conducted in 2017. To investigate the health services utilization among the insured people and considering the information fragmentation in medical document system of Iran Health Insurance organization (IHIO), Treatment Chronicle was designed. Then, information was collected from medical document system of IHIO about patients' reference to physicians and paraclinics in various specialized levels in an 8-month period from the beginning of 2017. In this regard, 175 insured patients who used the health services very frequently were randomly selected and the Treatment Chronicle was drawn for them. Finally, some criteria were suggested for identifying the causes of over utilizing health services and a specific kind of service.
Results: Data in the IHIO were categorized according to patients' referral to physician, drug store, laboratory, and imaging center and were accessible in the form of tables and charts by entering the individual's national code number in the medical document system of IHIO. However, some problems existed for reviewing the health care utilization due to information fragmentation and lack of up-to-date information. Treatment Chronicle tool showed the referring information of each insured individual in a certain time period. It also represented the  sequence, diversity, and combination of individuals' reference to physicians and utilization of paraclinical services.
Conclusion: Treatment Chronicle is a useful tool for insurance organizations to monitor individuals' health services seeking behavior. It can facilitate the interpretation and analysis of the healthcare use by illustrating the sequence and combination service utilization.
3D Printing; Hardware and Software for the Consumer Market
Authors: Heath Paul S.
Published: June 2019

3D printing is an older technology that is just making its way into the consumer market.  The story of its emergence into the consumer market is brought about through the efforts of inventors who viewed this technology as a hobby.  Since the introduction of desktop 3D printers, the market has exploded with newer and better models created each year.  There are many stories of what it can do, but little reason for consumers to adapt to the technology. 

This paper discusses the emergence of consumer 3D printers into the market.  It reviews the history, technology and movements that made its existence possible.  It also looks at the technology involved, uses for the technology and how it is being introduced to consumers.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: E Vinoth
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel is receiving increased attention as an alternative, non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable diesel fuel and contributes a minimum amount of net greenhouse gases, such as CO2, SO2 and NO emissions to the atmosphere. Exploring new energy resources, such as biofuel is of growing importance in recent years. The possibility of obtaining oil from plant resources has created a great importance in several countries. Vegetable oil after esterification being used as bio diesel, Considering the cost and demand of the edible oil is bearable, so it may be preferred for the preparation of bio diesel in India.  The transesterification of waste cooking oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amides, and guanidine and triamino (imino) phosphoranes) are described. Transesterification is carried in a reaction cavity, once the reaction is complete, glycerine and biodiesel are gravity separated.
Hydraulic Jack operated Hose Crimping Machine
Authors: Kaithari Dr Dinesh Keloth
Published: June 2019

The present paper deals with developing of a crimping machine that can crimp hydraulic hoses with its fitting without the use of electricity. Detailed literature review indicates the fabrication of crimping machine that operates with electricity that inspired the authors to develop a hydraulic crimping machine that works without electrical power. Such a crimping machine is very useful when the rig is in movement and suitable for emergency crimping work in order to avoid shutdown time.The author has used Autodesk inventor software for designing critical components of the machine and obtained safety factor more than one for all the critical components. Safety factor less than one leads to the unsafe working condition of the critical parts. Fabrication of the whole assembly has been completed successfully for the required crimping for a hose size of 19.05 mm. The crimping machine has been tested successfully for crimping the required hose size. The design of the machine can be altered so that it can accommodate different die sizes in order to crimp hoses of different sizes.
Design and Development of Vibration Testing Fixtures
Authors: Reddy Anjali , K Hamsini , Petunias Harsh. S.
Published: June 2019

This paper deals with the Design of Vibration Testing Fixtures for Random Vibration loads as specified by the MIL 810 military standards. Following selection of the right material and configuration of the fixtures, CAD models are generated and numerically checked for natural frequencies and mode shapes using Finite Element Analysis. Based on these results, the response of the fixtures to the MIL 810 standard Random Vibration profile input is measured using Finite Element Analysis and the transmissibility is calculated.Finally, the fixture is tested experimentally for to the MIL 810 standard Random Vibration profile input and based on these values; transmissibility of the fixture is computed. The experimental result is compared to the Finite Element results and thus, found that the fixture can be used for testing missile packages at the Defense Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL), Hyderabad.
DIGITALIZATION IN AGRICULTURE AS A DRIVER OF INDUSTRY GROWTH
Authors: Soldatenko A. V. , Razin A. F. , Shatilov M. V. , Ivanova M. I. , Rossinskaya O. V. , Razin O. A. , Surikhina T. N.
Published: June 2019

In recent years, the transition to the digital economy (platform, gig-economy, it-economy) has been actively developing all over the world. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of digitalization by foreign countries, shows the contribution of the digital economy to the GDP of countries, as well as provides an overview of changes in the legal field and in the manufacturing sector, aimed at digitalization of the industry. For the transition to the digital economy, regulatory documents have been prepared, and each state program plans to create a separate section on the development of the digital economy. According to analysts, digital transformation is one of the main factors of global economic growth, and the digitalization of the economy in the Russian Federation will increase GDP by a third by 2025. Digitalization of agriculture will increase production, improve the quality and safety of food products. Blockchain technology will track the entire history of each product, and smart contracts will simplify access to the international market for small and medium-sized agricultural producers. Due to the absence (maximum reduction) of the number of intermediaries, consumer prices for products will decrease, and the price of producers, on the contrary, will increase. By 2024, it is planned to increase productivity growth by 2 times in the "digital" agricultural enterprises. All this will be achieved due to lower production costs, higher yields, increased gross margin, expansion of the market, attracting highly qualified specialists and investors in the agricultural sector. As a result of the project, a significant multiplier effect is expected in other areas, which will improve the economic performance of the country as a whole.
SMALL RADISH FOR LIGHT CULTURE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Sinyavina N. G. , Kochetov A. A. , Homyakov Yu. V. , Kononchuk P. Yu. , Vertebniy V. E. , Dubovickaya V. I. , Tkacheva A. Yu.
Published: June 2019

Intense light culture, the most impotent part of a regulated agroecosystem, makes it possible to produce high quality plant products all year round in any region of the world in close proximity to the consumer. It is most economically viable to use light culture for growing vegetables in the Far North, where there is an acute shortage of fresh vegetables and vitamins. Our studies of the range of different vegetable crops have shown that when using artificial lighting and low-volume cultivation technologies, many plant species and varieties have low productivity, low adaptability to the relevant conditions, and therefore unprofitable for mass production. To expand the range of vegetable products intended for cultivation in the light culture, it is necessary to do a massive screening of the varieties and hybrids of various crops available in the world assortment with the aim of selecting the best and also purposeful breeding of new forms and varieties maximally adapted to the appropriate cultivation technologies. The purpose of this work was to create new forms of small radish for light culture, having the necessary complex of economically valuable characters. The use of the previously developed methodology of predicting transgressions for economically valuable plant traits allowed us to obtain new promising forms of radish with using purposeful hybridization and subsequent stabilizing selection. Their characteristics are high productivity and early maturity (ripeness to harvesting for 21-25 days from seeding), the ability to produce marketable yield of roots in a small volume of root medium, resistance to bolting at higher temperatures. A number of the obtained forms also has a compact rosette of leaves and an almost glabrous leaf of the salad type. Marketable productivity of new forms of radish in intense light culture conditions reaches 5,5 kg/m2 (for hybrids F1) and 4 kg/m2 for stable lines, which is twice or more than the productivity of the parental cultivars and one and a half times more than the best in productivity cultivars that were tasted in light culture.
INSTRUMENTAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHOD OF EVALUATION TEST OF SEEDS OF GREEN VEGETABLE CULTURES
Authors: Musayev F. B. , Kharchenko V. A. , Antoshkina M. S.
Published: June 2019

Questions of quality of the sowed seeds in agriculture have paramount value. Use of highquality uniform seeds is the key to successful production of crop production. Vegetable seeds, in particular, leaf vegetables, are most vulnerable in this plan in view of their shallow amount, the long period of fructing time and some other factors. The modern tool methods of evaluation test allow to glance in internal structure of seeds and to scoop more information. The most suitable for these purposes is us the developed method of microfocal X-ray of vegetable seeds. In this work seeds of different types of green and spicy and flavoring vegetable crops are analysed: melissa, marjoram, asparagus, spinach and garden cress. The analysis was carried out both by a method of r of seeds, and by a standard technique. The most typical defects and shortcomings of internal structure of seeds influencing their economic and biological indicators are identified. Comparison of methods is carried out. It is shown that X-ray analysis of quality of seeds, in particular, viability, by visualization of images efficient and rather precise. The small error of a method is compensated with its bigger informational content: that is, the analysis is carried out not by the principle of viable and not viable seeds, there is their division as on viability (full, low quality), and on defects and shortcomings (outstanding, ugly, the defective, injured, etc.). At the same time seeds as a result of the analysis aren't utilized and remain for further work. The method differs in speed and ease of execution. The prospects of development of a method are specified. It is the integrated automatic analysis of quality of seeds. The algorithm of automatic computer X-ray analysis of quality of vegetable seeds is so far developed, the first version of the program is approved.
VALUABLE VEGETABLE GREEN ON HYDROPONICS FOR SEASONAL USE
Authors: Pinchuk E. V. , Bespalko L. V. , Kozar E. G. , Balashova I. T. , Sirota S. M. , Shevchenko T. E.
Published: June 2019

The regular inclusion of green vegetables in the diet is beneficial to human. In Russia the main time manufacture and consumption of fresh vegetable production falls in the June-October. Seasonality of consumption of vegetables may lower the conveyor production using secure ground, as well as the introduction of a larger number of species in the production of vegetable crops. One of the priority directions of the development of greenhouse vegetable production is the introduction of hydroponic technologies, including longline. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center has passed the test of cultivars of lettuce, rocket salad, mustard leaf and watercress breeding laboratory of green and spicy taste cultures on multi-level narrow column hydroponics (MUG). It is shown that when grown on the installation of MUG, it is possible to obtain ecologically safe and valuable spicyflavoring and salad green products. The studied varieties are looking not only for growing hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season. The studied varieties are promising not only for growing on hydroponic salad lines, but for multi-level narrow column hydroponics (vertical vegetable growing) during the off-season.
USING INDICATORS OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS COMPOSITION TO IDENTIFY THE VARIETY
Authors: Sachyuka T. V. , Kovalenko N. A. , Supichenko G. N. , Bosak V. N.
Published: June 2019

Essential oil crops and their essential oils are widely used in perfumery, cosmetic and food industries, traditional and folk medicine. The most important qualitative characteristic of essential oil crops is the content, component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) belong to the promising essential oil crops for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy has created a number of varieties of essential oil crops, including 3 varieties of basil Ocimum basilicum L., 1 variety of basil Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) and 1 variety of hyssop Hyssopus officinalis L. The new varieties of basil and hyssop are characterized by a complex of morphometric, morphological and phenological sings.In the studies of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy and the Belarusian State Technological University, the yield and content of essential oils of new zoned varieties of basil and common hyssop were analyzed. Using the method of enantioselective gas chromatography, the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils of the studied varieties was determined. As a result of the research, it was determined that each variety has its own characteristic component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils. The studied varieties of basil and common hyssop contained up to 20 and 18 different components of essential oils respectively. The features of the component and enantiomeric composition of essential oils allow identifying the already created varieties of essential oil crops, as well as carrying out their selection to create varieties with certain properties.
Review of Mindset
Authors: Jacobs George M
Published: June 2019

Educators can benefit from occasionally stepping outside our profession to look for new ideas. Mindset: Changing the Way You Think to Fulfil Your Potential is a book that was written by a well-regarded psychology professor and has sold more than a million copies. The book’s central premise is that people tend toward one of two mindsets: a fixed mindset, which sees ability as inborn and largely unmodifiable; and a growth mindset, which sees ability as something people can develop by making persistent effort and learning new strategies. The present book review begins with explaining the two mindsets. Then, questions about mindset are answered. Next, in the review’s longest portions, suggestions from the book which might be useful for teachers are shared. These suggestions may help students become more successful learners, not to mention better people overall. Finally, the reviewer recommends that when the author and her colleagues do further work on mindsets, they might wish to examine mindsets through a more collective, sociological perspective than from an individual, psychological view.
Stress analysis for mandibular screw retained full arch prosthesis, all in 4 concept, with different cantilever extension.
Authors: Farrag Moaz Mostafa
Published: June 2019

Compare the stress distribution pattern in two different cantilever length in mandibular screw retained prosthesis by computing the distribution of stresses in Bone/implant interface in different zone, magnitude and Direction of force applied using finite element analysis software.
Awareness of Myopia: A Survey Among Parents Residing in Singapore
Authors: Salim Arief Tjitra , Keel Stuart , Foreman Joshua , Dirani Mohamed
Published: June 2019

Background

Given the rising public health burden of myopia, population-based data on the level of awareness about myopia amongst parents in Singapore are required for planning future awareness campaigns and public health interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the level of awareness of myopia amongst a group of parents residing in Singapore.

Methods

This study was a cross-sectional survey. A sample of 326 participants aged 19 to 69 years with at least 1 child were recruited at The Kidz Academy (TKA) 2018 exhibition in Singapore. Socio-demographic characteristics, smart device use and awareness of myopia (prevalence and mitigation strategies) were collected via an interviewer-administered online questionnaire.

Results

56.7% (185/326) of survey respondents were aware of the high prevalence of myopia amongst secondary school-going Singaporean children. 18.1% (59/326) of the respondents reported that an eye-to-screen distance of less than 30 cm was acceptable and 27.0% (88/326) were unaware of the importance of regular eye examinations among children. Less than half of the respondents [46.6% (152/326)] correctly identified that Singaporean children spend at least 6.5 hours a day on digital screens. 87.7% (286/326) were aware of the importance of outdoor activity as an intervention to slow the progression of myopia, with female respondents significantly more likely to be aware of its importance [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.09 – 4.13, χ2 = 4.86, P = .03].

Conclusion

Survey respondents demonstrated a good level of awareness of the high prevalence of myopia in Singapore and the protective role of outdoor activity in its development and progression. Awareness campaigns may be beneficial for promoting regular eye examinations amongst children and educating the public on the risk of excessive time spent on smart devices.
Sockeye salmon demonstrate robust yet distinct transcriptomic kidney responses to rhabdovirus (IHNV) exposure and infection
Authors: Polinski Mark , Bradshaw Julia C. , Rise Matthew L. , Johnson Stewart C. , Garver Kyle A.
Published: June 2019

Background

Aquatic Rhabdoviruses are globally significant pathogens associated with disease in both wild and cultured fish. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a Rhabdovirus that causes the internationally regulated disease infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) in most species of salmon. Yet not all naïve salmon exposed to IHNV become diseased, and the mechanisms by which some individuals evade or rapidly clear infection following exposure are poorly understood. Here we used RNA-sequencing to evaluate transcriptomic changes in Sockeye salmon, a keystone species in the North Pacific and natural host for IHNV, to evaluate the consequences of IHNV exposure and/or infection on host cell transcriptional pathways.

Results

Immersion challenge of Sockeye salmon smolts with IHNV resulted in approximately 33% infection prevalence, where both prevalence and viral kidney load peaked at 7 days post challenge (dpc). De novo assembly of kidney transcriptomes at 7 dpc revealed that both infected and exposed but noninfected individuals experienced substantial transcriptomic modification; however, stark variation in gene expression patterns were observed between exposed but noninfected, infected, and unexposed populations. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment in concert with differential expression analysis identified that kidney responses in exposed but noninfected fish emphasized a global pattern of transcriptional down-regulation, particularly for pathways involved in DNA transcription, protein biosynthesis and macromolecule metabolism. In contrast, transcriptomes of infected fish demonstrated a global emphasis of transcriptional up-regulation highlighting pathways involved in antiviral response, inflammation, apoptosis, and RNA processing. Quantitative PCR was subsequently used to highlight differential and time-specific regulation of acute phase, antiviral, inflammatory, cell boundary, and metabolic responsive transcripts in both infected and exposed but noninfected groups.

Conclusions

Waterborne exposure with IHNV has a dramatic effect on the Sockeye salmon kidney transcriptome that is discrete between resistant and acutely susceptible individuals. Here we identify that metabolic, acute phase and cell boundary pathways are transcriptionally affected by IHNV and tissue responses to local infection are highly divergent from those generated as part of a disseminated response. These data suggest that primary resistance of naïve fish to IHNV may involve global responses that encourage reduced cellular signaling rather than promoting classical innate antiviral responses.
Association between suicidal ideation and causes of primary care visits: A cross-sectional study to identify patients with suspected suicidal ideation
Authors: Lee Gyeongsil , Kim Jung-Ha
Published: June 2019

Background: Evidence increasingly suggests that suicide victims are highly likely to visit a primary care provider within one month of the suicide event. However, it would be impossible for primary care providers to act as gatekeepers and thus screen all patients for suicidal ideation or attempts. Therefore, we aimed to investigate potential differences in the chief diagnoses received by primary care patients with and without suicidal ideation, as this information may provide clues and predict patients at risk of committing suicide.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,211 Korean adults aged ≥20 years who had participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2014 and provided information about their histories of suicidal ideation and visits to primary care providers. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether suicidal ideation was associated with specific diseases after controlling for age, household income, education, occupation, marital status, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity.
Results: Among primary care patients, the sample-weighted percentage of suicidal ideation was 11.8%. The diagnoses of neoplasm and mental disorder were associated with a higher likelihood of suicidal ideation (odds ratio; OR [95% confidence interval, CI]: 8.32 [1.01–68.56] and 6.19 [1.72–22.33], respectively). Notably, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue were also associated with suicidal ideation (OR [95% CI]: 1.93 [1.09–3.43]).
Conclusions: The observed visit patterns and correlations of certain diagnoses with suicidal ideation suggest that primary care physician should pay careful attention to their patients with mood or musculoskeletal disorders and consider screening to determine the risk of suicide.
Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Academic Insights and Perspectives Analysis
Authors: He Lugeng , Fang Hui , Chen Chao , Wu Yanqi , Wang Yuyong , Ge Hongwei , Wang Lili , He Huadong , Wan Yuehua
Published: June 2019

Background

In recent years, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC) and studies related to MCRPC have drawn global attention. The main objective of this bibliometric study was to provide an overview of MCRPC, explore clusters and trends in research and investigate the future direction of MCRPC research.

Methods

A total of 4,089 publications published between 1979 and 2018 were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. Different aspects of MCRPC research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, research areas, funding agencies and author keywords, were analyzed.

Results

The number of annual MCRPC publications increased rapidly after 2010. American researchers played a vital role in this increase, as they published the most publications. The most productive institution was Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. De Bono, JS (the United Kingdom [UK]) and Scher, HI (the United States of America [USA]) were the two most productive authors. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded the largest number of published papers. Analyses of keywords suggested that therapies (abiraterone, enzalutamide, etc.) would attracted global attention after US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval.

Conclusions

Developed countries, especially the USA,were the leading nations for MCRPC research because of their abundant funding and frequent international collaborations. Therapy was one of the most vital aspects of MCRPC research. Therapies targeting DNA repair or the androgen receptor (AR) signing pathway and new therapies especially prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radioligand therapy (RLT) would be the next focus of MCRPC research.
Dysphasia and platelet count associated with diffusion-weighted images lesions in patients with a clinical diagnosis of transient ischemic attack
Authors: Jia Zejin , Yuan Junliang , Song Yangguang , Hu Wenli
Published: June 2019

Background
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a mandatory tool in the diagnosis of a transient ischemic attack (TIA). Many patients cannot have an MRI in time. The clinical characteristics associated with DWI positivity after TIA are of great significance for the early diagnosis and urgent intervention of TIA and cerebral infarction. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who met the criteria of symptom duration <24 hours for a clinical diagnosis of TIA, and then screened out 302 patients underwent DWI within 7 days of admission. The patients were divided into DWI positive and DWI negative group. The clinical characteristics including risk factors, clinical manifestation, the laboratory blood tests, the auxiliary examination and the TIA scores were compared between the two groups. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions using logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated to compare the predictive value of various scores such as ABCD2, ABCD3, ABCD3I, Dawson score and the Diagnosis of TIA (DOT) score for DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Results
A total of 302 patients (mean age, 62(54,70) years; 67.2 % men) were enrolled in this study. There were 89(29.5%) patients with DWI positivity. Logistic regression analysis showed that the clinical characteristics associated with DWI lesions were dysphasia ([OR] 2.129; 95%[CI] 1.215-3.729) and platelet count ([OR] 0.993; 95%[CI] 0.988-0.999). The AUCs [95%CI] for Dawson score was 0.610[0.543-0.678] and the DOT score was 0.625[0.559-0.691].
Conclusion
DWI lesions were detected in 29.5% of patients with classically defined TIA and were associated with dysphasia and platelet count. Dawson score and DOT score seem to have the predictability of DWI lesions in TIA patients.
Association of intraoperative blood gas analysis with patient outcome after adult cardiac surgery
Authors: Gang Shaopeng , Jiang Ling , Fang Kaiyun , Liu Xiulun , Xiang Daokang , Dai Feng , Meng Lingzhong
Published: June 2019

Background: The associations of the different blood gas parameters from different blood samples harvested at different stages during adult cardiac surgery with the postoperative outcomes are inadequately studied.
Methods: Adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) participated in this prospective observational study. Blood gas parameters from arterial, central venous, and jugular bulb venous blood samples harvested simultaneously at pre-determined time points (baseline with the patient awake, post-anesthesia induction but before CPB, during CPB at 30°C, during CPB at 37°C (rewarming), and at the end of surgery) were correlated with postoperative outcomes including the length of mechanical ventilation (LMV), intensive care unit stay (LICU), hospital stay (LOH), and major organ morbidity and mortality.
Results: Data from 193 patients were analyzed. Multiple parameters of different blood harvested at different stages significantly correlated with one or more outcome measures based on univariate analysis (p < 0.05). However, only the jugular bulb venous blood pH and carbon dioxide tension and the central venous blood pH at the end of surgery (pHcv-end) were significantly correlated with LMV, LICU, and LOH (p < 0.05). A more alkaline blood correlated with more favorable outcomes. After adjusting for age, surgical time, and total intravenous volume administered, multivariate analysis showed that only pHcv-end remained independently associated with LMV and LICU (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: More alkaline blood, especially the central venous blood at the end of surgery, is associated with more favorable outcomes after adult cardiac surgery.
Trial registration
ChiCTR-POC-17013942, Date of registration December 15, 2017.
The effects of anesthesia induction and positive pressure ventilation on right-ventricular function: An echocardiography-based prospective observational study
Authors: Magunia Harry , Jordanow Anne , Keller Marius , Rosenberger Peter , Nowak-Machen Martina
Published: June 2019

Background:
General anesthesia induction with the initiation of positive pressure ventilation creates a vulnerable phase for patients. The impact of positive intrathoracic pressure on cardiac performance has been studied but remains controversial. 3D echocardiography is a valid and MRI-validated bed-side tool to evaluate the right ventricle (RV). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of anesthesia induction (using midazolam, sufentanil and rocuronium, followed by sevoflurane) with positive pressure ventilation (PEEP 5, tidal volume 6 – 8 ml/kg) on 2D and 3D echocardiography derived parameters of RV function.
Methods:
A prospective observational study on fifty-three patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery in a tertiary care university hospital was designed. Transthoracic echocardiography exams were performed before and immediately after anesthesia induction and were recorded together with hemodynamic parameters and ventilator settings.
Results:
After anesthesia induction TAPSE (mean difference -1.6mm (95% CI -2.6mm to -0.7mm; p=0.0013) as well as the Tissue Doppler derived tricuspid annulus peak velocity (TDITVs’) were significantly reduced (mean difference -1.9% (95% CI: -2.6 to -1.2; p<0.0001), but global right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF; p=0.1607) and right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV; p=0.1838) did not change.
Conclusions:
This data shows a preserved right ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular stroke volume after anesthesia induction and initiation of positive pressure ventilation. However, the baso-apical right ventricular function is significantly reduced. Larger studies are needed in order to determine the clinical impact of these findings especially in patients presenting with impaired right ventricular function before anesthesia induction.
Performance and Impact of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® Assays on Tuberculosis Case Detection in Madagascar
Authors: Rakotosamimanana Niaina , Lapierre Simon Grandjean , Raharimanga Vaomalala , Raherison Mamy Serge , Knoblauch Astrid , Raherinandrasana Antso , Rakotoson Andrianantenaina , Rakotonirina Julio , Rasolofo Voahangy
Published: June 2019

Background:
Tuberculosis rapid molecular assays, including GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit®, are highly sensitive and specific. Such performance does not automatically translate in improved disease control and highly depends on their use, local epidemiology and the diagnostic algorithms they’re implemented within. We evaluate the performance of both assays and assess their impact on additional cases notification when implemented within WHO recommended tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms in Madagascar.

Methods:
548 presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were prospectively recruited between November 2013 and December 2014 in Antananarivo, Madagascar, a high TB incidence sub-Saharan African urban setting. Both molecular assays were evaluated as first line or add-on testing following negative smear microscopy. Based on locally defined assay performance characteristics we measure the impact of both assays and WHO-recommended diagnostic algorithms on additional tuberculosis case notifications.

Results:
High sensitivity and specificity was confirmed for both GeneXpert MTB/RIF® (86.6% (95% CI 81.1-90.7%) and 97.4% (95% CI 94.9-98.8%)) and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® (84.6% (95% CI 78.9-89.0%) and 98.4% (95% CI 96.2-99.4%)). Implementation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® increased tuberculosis diagnostic algorithms sensitivity from 73.6% (95% CI 67.1-79.3%) up to 88.1% (95% CI 82.8-91.9%). This increase was highest when molecular assays were used as add-on testing following negative smear microscopy. As add-on testing, GeneXpert MTB/RIF® and Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® respectively improved case detection by 23.8% and 21.2% (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
Including GeneXpert MTB/RIF® or Loopamp MTBC Detection Kit® molecular assays for TB detection on sputum samples from presumptive TB cases can significantly increase case notification in TB diagnostic centers. The TB case detection rate is further increased when those tests are use as second-line follow-on testing following negative smear microscopy results. A country wide scale-up and digital integration of molecular-based TB diagnosis assays shows promises for TB control in Madagascar.