bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUÊNCIA DA MASSA MAGRA SOBRE A VELOCIDADE E A AGILIDADE EM ATLETAS DE FUTSAL QUALIDADES FÍSICAS NO FUTSAL
Authors: Melo Wilson Viana de Castro
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Futebol de salão também referido pelo acrônimo Futsal é um esporte coletivo que vem crescendo cada vez mais em países da América do Sul e Europa, e se destaca pelas grandes capacidades motoras como velocidade e agilidade, que são considerados indispensáveis nesta modalidade esportiva. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da massa magra sobre as capacidades físicas velocidade e agilidade em atletas de Futsal do sexo masculino. Método: Participaram da pesquisa 30 atletas de duas equipes da 1o divisão da cidade de Bezerros no agreste pernambucano, com média de idade de (22,6 ± 4,03 anos); (172,3 ± 5,41) cm de estatura; (69,4 ± 7,09) Kg de massa corporal; (18,9 ± 4,07) % de gordura; (56,2 ± 5,12) Kg de massa magra. Como instrumentos de medida foram utilizados: estadiômetro, balança e um compasso de dobras cutâneas. Os protocolos utilizados para a mensuração das capacidades físicas foram o teste de velocidade de 50 m e teste do quadrado. Na análise dos resultados aplicou-se o teste de correlação de Spearman’s, com (p < 0,05) e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Os atletas desempenharam o teste de velocidade em (7,44 ± 0,85) segundos. e o teste do quadrado (6,18 ± 0,82) segundos. Discussão: A composição corporal e a massa corporal, são variáveis que contribuem de maneira positiva para o desempenho atlético. Conclusão: No entanto, a variável massa magra não apresentou correlação estatisticamente significativa sobre as capacidades físicas velocidade e agilidade.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE APTIDÃO DESPORTIVA NA GESTÃO DO TEMPO DE JOGO EM JOVENS FUTEBOLISTAS
Authors: Ricardy Maurício , Figueiredo António José Barata
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O futebol é o esporte mais praticado no mundo e tornar-se um futebolista é um sonho para vários jovens. O treinador tem o poder de gerenciar esse objetivo e para isso deve ter parâmetros a seguir. Objetivo: O presente estudo verificou a existência de diferenças nas características morfológicas, funcionais e técnicas de futebolistas de 15-16 anos, quando divididos em grupos pelo tempo de jogo. Método: Foram observados 32 futebolistas, de duas equipes de Coimbra-Portugal, de 15-16 anos. Foram recolhidos dados morfológicos, funcionais e técnicos, além de verificada a maturação biológica. Os futebolistas foram separados de forma a constituir dois grupos de tempo de jogo de igual n amostral. Resultados e discussão: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de tempo de jogo na estatura, no maturity offset e na potência média relativa, com superioridade daqueles que jogaram por mais tempo. Esses futebolistas ainda tiveram melhores médias em outras 15 variáveis. Analisou-se ainda a correlação existente entre os grupos de tempo de jogo com grupos de potencial desportivo, indicado pelos treinadores. Conclusão: Verifica-se uma tendência para que os treinadores optem pelos jovens jogadores que apresentam um maior estado de prontidão nas diferentes dimensões estudadas. Assim, diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre o tempo de jogo e o potencial desportivo, indicando que existem fatores, não elencados nesse estudo, que influenciam a escolha de quais jogadores devem participar mais das partidas durante a época desportiva.Palavras-Chave: tempo de jogo, potencial desportivo, morfologia, perfil funcional, técnica.
OBSERVAÇÕES SOBRE A PEDAGOGIA DO ESPORTE NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: De Lima Soares Hyhara Thamyres , Neto José De Caldas Simões , Catunda Pergentina Parente Jardim , Catunda de Oliveira Francisco Marcelo , Martins Lucielton Mascarenhas
Published: July 2021

Em busca de melhor compreender a importância da pedagogia do esporte na Educação Física escolar como ferramenta na construção do conhecimento integral dos alunos, permitindo novas possibilidades pedagógicas que estabelecidas na formação dos indivíduos de maneira integral para uma prática educativa e esportiva. Assim evidenciou como parte integrante da pesquisa, o currículo da Educação Física, a pedagogia do esporte e a perspectiva do esporte como ferramenta formativa, adotando assim um posicionamento multicultural.
SÍNDROME DA FIBROMIALGIA EM ATLETAS DE HANDEBOL FEMININO: Uma breve revisão
Authors: De Amorim Raíssa Gabrielly Maria , Benício Stefany Leal , Da Silva Erick Ricardo
Published: July 2021

A fibromialgia é uma síndrome de caráter reumático de etiologia pouco esclarecida, caracterizada por dor musculoesquelética crônica, prevalente no  sexo feminino, gerando sintomas como: ansiedade, depressão, rigidez, cefaleia  e fadiga generalizada.
PEDAGOGIA E O JOGO NO VOLEIBOL: Uma revisão integrativa O Jogo de Voleibol sob a ótica pedagógica
Authors: Rodrigues Marcelo Francisco , Alexandre Daniel Feliciano , Pereira Stefany Fernanda , Contessoto Vitor Hugo De Freitas
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O voleibol é um esporte coletivo, que atualmente demonstra notoriedade na mídia, e como consequência dessa exposição houve grande aumento do número de adeptos desta modalidade esportiva. As metodologias de ensino para o esporte denotam papel importante no processo de aprendizagem. A partir desse pressuposto, novas aplicações pedagógicas foram evidenciadas na literatura, que retratam a pedagogia no esporte como um complemento à compreensão das atividades no âmbito da prática principalmente na educação física, pois além de realizarem os movimentos esportivos, a pedagogia agrega ao aluno valores em relação às atitudes que circundam a pratica em si, como análise dos porquês da realização de tais movimentos. Diante do atual quadro e pelo crescente apelo por atividades voltadas para a pedagogia do esporte aplicada no voleibol. Objetivo: Faz-se necessário a pesquisa integrativa na literatura expondo estudos que fazem parte da literatura específica para demonstrar as discussões sobre a aprendizagem do Voleibol. Método: Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão integrativa, que tem como proposta revisar a literatura e identificar os estudos relacionados a este tema, aplicando métodos de buscas nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, sendo elas Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de informações em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME). Discussão: O voleibol tem sido pensado como esporte coletivo sob uma perspectiva de aprendizagem e treinamento não somente no método tradicional. Conclusão: Concluímos que o emprego da pedagogia do esporte favorece ao ensino da modalidade de voleibol, na fase de iniciação e ao alto rendimento, utilizando dos métodos pré-descritos no trabalho, sendo eles o global funcional e analítico sintético. Compreendendo todos os aspectos que envolvem uma prática esportiva, como desenvolvimento motor, integração social, modulação de caráter pessoal e habilidades técnicas e táticas pertinentes ao voleibol.Palavras chaves: Metodologia, Revisão Integrativa, Aprendizagem, Esporte Coletivo, Educação Física.
ARREMESSOS ESPECIAIS NO HANDEBOL, UMA ABORDAGEM PEDAGÓGICA. ROSQUETA NO HANDEBOL.
Authors: Nascimento Ronaldo Da Cunha , Oliveira Lúcio Carlos Dias
Published: July 2021

Introdução: No handebol há vários tipos de arremessos que podem ser utilizados pelos alunos/atletas para realização de um gol. Dentre eles, destaca-se a rosqueta pelo efeito especial de plasticidade que a bola produz em termos de espaço, corporeidade, cognição e definição do lançamento. Objetivo: Discutir e refletir o sentido da práxis pedagógica do professor sobre a execução de um arremesso especial denominado rosqueta no handebol, este envolve aspectos da cognição, motores e autonomia do indivíduo. Método: A pesquisa partiu de observações e vivências anteriores e fundamenta-se na pesquisa bibliográfica de característica narrativa, que busca discutir acerca da ação gestual do arremesso rosqueta, que por sua vez envolve uma série de fatores vivenciados no processo de ensino aprendizagem e treinamento. Discussão: Na aprendizagem da rosqueta, o processo é longo, até que o indivíduo entenda a intenção, a necessidade e a razão da aplicabilidade desse arremesso, sendo capaz de decidir qual o melhor momento de executá-lo. Conclusão: Diante dessas proposições descritas, é possível afirmar que o aluno/atleta esteja sendo comprometido por seus processos cognitivos e motores que envolvem a condução da aula/treino, junto ao comportamento do professor, que eleva a liberdade e a criatividade desse indivíduo em realizar o que deve ser feito.Palavras Chaves: Arremesso, cognição, gesto, handebol, rosqueta.
Racismo é do esporte ou está no esporte?
Authors: Santos Francisco Xavier dos Santos Xavier
Published: July 2021

Este texto tem seu fundamento único na forma como o autor percebe a discussão que envolve o racismo no esporte brasileiro, mas que vai além deste. Sendo assim, trata-se de uma opinião particular sobre um tema que atravessa a sociedade nas suas mais diversas figurações sociais – embora algumas delas façam crer que nada têm a ver com o caso, reproduzindo ideias distorcidas de si mesmas – conforme acredito – como estratégia de manutenção de poder de algumas das tais configurações.
Thought Experiments Naturalized
Authors: KEVEN Nazim
Published: July 2021

Thought experiments have long been utilized in science and philosophy. They come in various forms, from Schrödinger's cat in physics to the Chinese room argument in philosophy. Although thought experiments are used widely, scant attention has been paid to how thought experiments actually work. In philosophy literature, it has been argued that thought experiments are a disguised form of meaning analysis. Thought experiments rely on the notion of analyticity on their basis, and therefore they should be abandoned. In this paper, I argue that if we distinguish conceivability type thought experiments commonly found in philosophy from factive thought experiments widely used in science, a viable methodological alternative can be found. I propose a set of criteria to define factive thought experiments precisely. I show how factive thought experiments can be successfully used in philosophical reasoning by giving examples, mainly from Wittgenstein's work. In this way, I argue, it is possible to naturalize thought experimentation.
Design a Monitoring and Control in Irrigation Systems using Arduino Wemos with the Internet of Things
Authors: Silalahi Lukman Medriavin , Budiyanto Setiyo , Silaban Freddy Artadima , Hakim Arif Rahman
Published: July 2021

Irrigation door is a big issue for farmers. The factor that became a hot issue at the irrigation gate was the irresponsible attitude of the irrigation staff regarding the schedule of opening/closing the irrigation door so that it caused the rice fields to becoming dry or submerged. In this research, an automatic prototype system for irrigation system will be designed based on integrating several sensors, including water level sensors, soil moisture sensors, acidity sensors. This sensor output will be displayed on Android-based applications. The integration of communication between devices (Arduino Nano, Arduino Wemos and sensors supporting the irrigation system) is the working principle of this prototype. This device will control via an Android-based application to turn on / off the water pump, to open/close the irrigation door, check soil moisture, soil acidity in real time. The pump will automatically turn on based on the water level. This condition will be active if the water level is below 3cm above ground level. The output value will be displayed on the Android-based application screen and LCD screen. Based on the results of testing and analysis of the prototype that has been done in this research, the irrigation door will open automatically when the soil is dry. This condition occurs if the water level is less than 3 cm. The calibrated Output value, including acidity sensor, soil moisture sensor and water level sensor, will be sent to the server every 5 seconds and forwarded to an Android-based application as an output display.
Analysis on the Performance of a Second-order and a Third-order RLC Circuit of PRBS Generator
Authors: Faudzi Ahmad’ ‘Athif Mohd , Zhang Na
Published: July 2021

A pseudo-binary random signal (PRBS) has been widely utilized for system identification in complex signals to develop an experimental approach. PRBS generator is a circuit that generates pseudo-random numbers. This work aims to analyze the best fit value of the PRBS generator with second-order and third-order under-damped black-box RLC circuit of the estimated model. The procedures conducting here can be divided into three parts. First, to design two black boxes using the RLC circuit representing a critically under-damped second-order and third-order system. PRBS generated with maximum-length sequence (MLS) equals 127 bits by using seven shift registers. Second, simulate the PRBS generator using MATLAB software and validate the estimated model from the simulation using the System Identification Tool in MATLAB. Next, connecting hardware RLC circuit and reading input and output signals using an oscilloscope. Finally, 2500 samples of captured data were used for estimation. Then, analyze and compare the best fit of the simulation and experiment with second-order and third-order under-damped black-box RLC circuit. Furthermore, analyze and compare best fit using different sample time. The results showed that the best fit of the second-order model with under-damped black-box RLC circuit was autoregressive with the exogenous term (ARX) 211, where the best fit of the simulation was 99.88%, and the best fit of the experiment was 96.04%. And the results showed that the best fit of the third-order model with an under-damped black-box RLC circuit was ARX 331, where the best fit of the simulation was 99%, and the best fit of the experiment was 94.28%. It was concluded that the best fit value of the second-order was better than the third order. What’s more, the results showed that when the select range is the same, the bigger the sample time, the better the best fit.
Secondary aerosol formation from dimethyl sulfide – improved mechanistic understanding based on smog chamber experiments and modelling
Authors: Wollesen de Jonge Robin , Elm Jonas , Rosati Bernadette , Christiansen Sigurd , Hyttinen Noora , Lüdemann Dana , Bilde Merete , Roldin Pontus
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the dominant biogenic sulfur compound in the ambient marine atmosphere. Low-volatility acids from DMS oxidation promote the formation and growth of sulfur aerosols and ultimately alter cloud properties and Earth's climate. We studied the OH-initiated oxidation of DMS in the Aarhus University Research on Aerosol (AURA) smog chamber and the marine boundary layer (MBL) with the aerosol dynamics and gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model ADCHAM. Our work involved the development of a revised and comprehensive multiphase DMS oxidation mechanism, capable of both reproducing smog chamber and atmospheric relevant conditions. The secondary aerosol mass yield in the AURA chamber was found to have a strong dependence on the reaction of methyl sulfinic acid (MSIA) and OH, causing a 82.8 % increase in the total PM at low relative humidity (RH), while the autoxidation of the intermediate radical CH3SCH2OO forming hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) proved important at high temperature and RH, decreasing the total PM by 55.8 %. The observations and modelling strongly support the finding that a liquid water film existed on the Teflon surface of the chamber bag, which enhanced the wall loss of water-soluble intermediates and oxidants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), MSIA, HPMTF, SO2, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (SA) and H2O2. The effect caused a 64.8 % and 91.7 % decrease in the secondary aerosol mass yield obtained at both dry (0 % RH–12 % RH) and humid (50 % RH–80 % RH) conditions, respectively. Model runs reproducing the ambient marine atmosphere indicate that OH comprises a strong sink of DMS in the MBL (accounting for 31.1 % of the total sink flux of DMS) although less important than the combined effect of halogen species Cl and BrO (accounting for 24.3 % and 38.7 %, respectively). Cloudy conditions promote the production of SO42- particular mass (PM) from SO2 accumulated in the gas phase, while cloud-free periods facilitate MSA formation in the deliquesced particles. The exclusion of aqueous-phase chemistry lowers the DMS sink as no halogens are activated in the sea spray particles and underestimates the secondary aerosol mass yield by neglecting SO42- and MSA PM production in the particle phase. Overall, this study demonstrated that the current DMS oxidation mechanisms reported in literature are inadequate in reproducing the results obtained in the AURA chamber, whereas the revised chemistry captured the formation, growth and chemical composition of the formed aerosol particles well. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of OH-initiated oxidation of DMS in the ambient marine atmosphere during conditions with low sea spray emissions.
Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Harvey Mike , Kuma Peter , Hartery Sean , Saint-Macary Alexia , McGregor John , Schuddeboom Alex , von Hobe Marc , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Geddes Alex , Querel Richard , McDonald Adrian , Peltola Maija , Sellegri Karine , Silber Israel , Law Cliff S. , Flynn Connor J. , Marriner Andrew , Hill Thomas C. J. , DeMott Paul J. , Hume Carson C. , Plank Graeme , Graham Geoffrey , Parsons Simon
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Due to its remote location and extreme weather conditions, atmospheric in situ
measurements are rare in the Southern Ocean. As a result, aerosol–cloud
interactions in this region are poorly understood and remain a major source of
uncertainty in climate models. This, in turn, contributes substantially to
persistent biases in climate model simulations such as the well-known positive
shortwave radiation bias at the surface, as well as biases in numerical
weather prediction models and reanalyses. It has been shown in previous
studies that in situ and ground-based remote sensing measurements across the
Southern Ocean are critical for complementing satellite data sets due to the
importance of boundary layer and low-level cloud processes. These processes
are poorly sampled by satellite-based measurements and are often obscured by
multiple overlying cloud layers. Satellite measurements also do not constrain
the aerosol–cloud processes very well with imprecise estimation of cloud
condensation nuclei. In this work, we present a comprehensive set of ship-based
aerosol and meteorological observations collected on the 6-week
Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystem and Environment voyage
(TAN1802) voyage of RV Tangaroa across the Southern Ocean, from Wellington, New Zealand, to
the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The voyage was carried out from 8 February to
21 March 2018. Many distinct, but contemporaneous, data sets were collected
throughout the voyage. The compiled data sets include measurements from a
range of instruments, such as (i) meteorological conditions at the sea surface
and profile measurements; (ii) the size and concentration of particles; (iii)
trace gases dissolved in the ocean surface such as dimethyl sulfide and
carbonyl sulfide; (iv) and remotely sensed observations of low clouds. Here,
we describe the voyage, the instruments, and data processing, and provide a brief
overview of some of the data products available. We encourage the scientific
community to use these measurements for further analysis and model evaluation
studies, in particular, for studies of Southern Ocean clouds, aerosol, and
their interaction. The data sets presented in this study are publicly
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4060237 (Kremser et al., 2020).
The ENEA-REG system (v1.0), a multi-component regional Earth system model: sensitivity to different atmospheric components over the Med-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) region
Authors: Anav Alessandro , Carillo Adriana , Palma Massimiliano , Struglia Maria Vittoria , Turuncoglu Ufuk Utku , Sannino Gianmaria
Published: July 2021

Abstract. In this study, a new regional Earth system model is developed and applied to
the Med-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment) region. The ENEA-REG system is made up of two interchangeable
regional climate models as atmospheric components (RegCM, REGional Climate Model, and WRF, Weather Research and Forecasting), a river
model (Hydrological Discharge, HD), and an ocean model (Massachusetts Institute of
Technology General Circulation Model, MITgcm); processes taking place at the land
surface are represented within the atmospheric models with the possibility
to use several land surface schemes of different complexity. The coupling
between these components is performed through the RegESM driver. Here, we present and describe our regional Earth system model and evaluate
its components using a multidecadal hindcast simulation over the period
1980–2013 driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. We show that the atmospheric
components correctly reproduce both large-scale and local features of the
Euro-Mediterranean climate, although we found some remarkable biases: in
particular, WRF has a significant cold bias during winter over the
northeastern bound of the domain and a warm bias in the whole continental
Europe during summer, while RegCM overestimates the wind speed over the
Mediterranean Sea. Similarly, the ocean component correctly reproduces the analyzed ocean
properties with performances comparable to the state-of-art coupled regional
models contributing to the Med-CORDEX initiative. Our regional Earth system model allows studying the Euro-Mediterranean
climate system and can be applied to both hindcast and scenario simulations.
An internet of things (IoT)-based optimum tea fermentation detection model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and majority voting techniques
Authors: Kimutai Gibson , Ngenzi Alexander , Rutabayiro Ngoga Said , Ramkat Rose C. , Förster Anna
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most consumed drinks across the world. Based on processing techniques, there are more than 15 000 categories of tea, but the main categories include yellow tea, Oolong tea, Illex tea, black tea, matcha tea, green tea, and sencha tea, among others. Black tea is the most popular among the categories worldwide. During black tea processing, the following stages occur: plucking, withering, cutting, tearing, curling, fermentation, drying, and sorting. Although all these stages affect the quality of the processed tea, fermentation is the most vital as it directly defines the quality. Fermentation is a time-bound process, and its optimum is currently manually detected by tea tasters monitoring colour change, smelling the tea, and tasting the tea as fermentation progresses. This paper explores the use of the internet of things (IoT), deep convolutional neural networks, and image processing with majority voting techniques in detecting the optimum fermentation of black tea. The prototype was made up of Raspberry Pi 3 models with a Pi camera to take real-time images of tea as fermentation progresses. We deployed the prototype in the Sisibo Tea Factory for training, validation, and evaluation. When the deep learner was evaluated on offline images, it had a perfect precision and accuracy of 1.0 each. The deep learner recorded the highest precision and accuracy of 0.9589 and 0.8646, respectively, when evaluated on real-time images. Additionally, the deep learner recorded an average precision and accuracy of 0.9737 and 0.8953, respectively, when a majority voting technique was applied in decision-making. From the results, it is evident that the prototype can be used to monitor the fermentation of various categories of tea that undergo fermentation, including Oolong and black tea, among others. Additionally, the prototype can also be scaled up by retraining it for use in monitoring the fermentation of other crops, including coffee and cocoa.
Risk communication successes and limits during sismo-volcanic crisis: the example of Mayotte, France
Authors: Devès Maud H. , Lacassin Robin , Pécout Hugues , Robert Geoffrey
Published: July 2021

Abstract. On 10 May 2018, an active seismic crisis began on French island of Mayotte, which a year later will be shown to be related to offshore volcanic activity. It affects a vulnerable territory exposed to risks of many kinds (poverty, violence, lack of basic resources). In the absence of known events in human memory, the population is naive with regard to seismic and volcanic hazards. The concern is therefore very strong. In spite of a large number of publications, the communication set up by the main actors of the risk chain does not answer the population's concern. To understand why, we analyse a large corpus of the textual communications (press releases, web pages, scientific bulletins, reports, etc.) issued by the authorities and scientists from May 2018 to April 2021. We draw lessons on the communication strategy put in place in the first three years of the crisis; and we issue recommendations for improvement in the future, in Mayotte, but also elsewhere in contexts where comparable geo-crises may happen. We notably stress the importance of ensuring that communication is not overly technical, that it aims to inform rather than reassure, that it focuses on risk and not only on hazard and that it provides clues to possible risk scenarios.
Complex rift patterns, a result of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses, or multiphase rifting? Insights from analogue models
Authors: Zwaan Frank , Chenin Pauline , Erratt Duncan , Manatschal Gianreto , Schreurs Guido
Published: July 2021

Abstract. During lithospheric extension, localization of
deformation often occurs along structural weaknesses inherited from previous
tectonic phases. Such weaknesses may occur in both the crust and mantle, but
the combined effects of these weaknesses on rift evolution remain poorly
understood. Here we present a series of 3D brittle–viscous analogue models
to test the interaction between differently oriented weaknesses located in
the brittle upper crust and/or upper mantle. We find that crustal weaknesses
usually express first at the surface, with the formation of grabens parallel
to their orientation; then, structures parallel to the mantle weakness
overprint them and often become dominant. Furthermore, the direction of
extension exerts minimal control on rift trends when inherited weaknesses
are present, which implies that present-day rift orientations are not always
indicative of past extension directions. We also suggest that multiphase
extension is not required to explain different structural orientations in
natural rift systems. The degree of coupling between the mantle and upper
crust affects the relative influence of the crustal and mantle weaknesses:
low coupling enhances the influence of crustal weaknesses, whereas high
coupling enhances the influence of mantle weaknesses. Such coupling may vary
over time due to progressive thinning of the lower crustal layer, as well as
due to variations in extension velocity. These findings provide a strong
incentive to reassess the tectonic history of various natural examples.
Deriving Arctic 2 m air temperatures over snow and ice from satellite surface temperature measurements
Authors: Nielsen-Englyst Pia , Høyer Jacob L. , Madsen Kristine S. , Tonboe Rasmus T. , Dybkjær Gorm , Skarpalezos Sotirios
Published: July 2021

Abstract. The Arctic region is responding heavily to climate change, and yet, the air temperature of ice-covered areas in the Arctic is heavily under-sampled when it comes to in situ measurements, resulting in large uncertainties in existing weather and reanalysis products. This paper presents a method for estimating daily mean clear-sky 2 m air temperatures (T2m) in the Arctic from satellite observations of skin temperature, using the Arctic and Antarctic ice Surface Temperatures from thermal Infrared (AASTI) satellite dataset, providing spatially detailed observations of the Arctic. The method is based on a linear regression model, which has been tuned against in situ observations to estimate daily mean T2m based on clear-sky satellite ice surface skin temperatures. The daily satellite-derived T2m product includes estimated uncertainties and covers the Arctic sea ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet during clear skies for the period 2000–2009, provided on a 0.25∘ regular latitude–longitude grid. Comparisons with independent in situ measured T2m show average biases of 0.30 and 0.35∘C and average root-mean-square errors of 3.47 and 3.20 ∘C for land ice and sea ice, respectively. The associated uncertainties are verified to be very realistic for both land ice and sea ice, using in situ observations. The reconstruction provides a much better spatial coverage than the sparse in situ observations of T2m in the Arctic and is independent of numerical weather prediction model input. Therefore, it provides an important supplement to simulated air temperatures to be used for assimilation or global surface temperature reconstructions. A comparison of T2m derived from satellite and ERA-Interim/ERA5 estimates shows that the satellite-derived T2m validates similar to or better than ERA-Interim/ERA5 against in situ measurements in the Arctic.
Winter thermodynamic vertical structure in the Arctic atmosphere linked to large scale circulation
Authors: Nygård Tiina , Tjernström Michael , Naakka Tuomas
Published: July 2021

Abstract. Thermodynamic profiles are affected by both the large scale dynamics and the local processes, such as radiation, cloud formation and turbulence. Based on ERA5 reanalysis, radiosoundings and cloud cover observations from winters 2009–2018, this study demonstrates manifold impacts of large scale circulation on temperature and specific humidity profiles in the circumpolar Arctic north of 65° N. Characteristic wintertime circulation types are allocated using Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs). The study shows that influence of different large scale flows must be viewed as a progressing set of processes: (1) horizontal advection of heat and moisture, driven by circulation, lead to so-called first order effects on thermodynamic profiles and turbulent surface fluxes, and (2) the advection is followed by transformation of the air through various physical processes, causing second order effects. An example of second order effects is the associated cloud formation, which shifts the strongest radiative cooling from the surface to the cloud top. The temperature and specific humidity profiles are most sensitive to large scale circulation over the Eurasian land west of 90° E and the Arctic Ocean sea ice, whereas impacts over North America and Greenland are more ambiguous. Eurasian land, between 90° E and 140° E, occasionally receives warm and moist air from the northern North Atlantic, which, with the support of radiative impacts of clouds, weaken the otherwise strong temperature and specific humidity inversions. Altitudes of maximum temperature and specific humidity in a profile, and their variability between the circulation types, are good indicators of the depth of the layer impacted by surface–atmosphere processes interacting with the large scale circulation. Different circulation types typically cause variations of a few hundred meters to this altitude, and the layer impacted is deepest over north-eastern Eurasia and North America.
American Common Market Redux
Authors: Collins Richard
Published: July 2021

n/a
Thinking Like a Source State in a Digital Economy
Authors: Brauner Yariv
Published: July 2021

Thinking Like a Source State in a Digital Economy
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bireylerin Ağrı, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkiler
Authors: Özüdoğru Anıl , Baltacı Önder , Dalakçı Muhammed Samed , Akbulut Ömer Faruk
Published: July 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde bireylerin teknoloji kullanımlarından kaynaklı ağrı düzeylerinin yordayıcıları olarak fiziksel aktivite ve problemli internet kullanım düzeyi ile cinsiyetin rolünü incelemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Türkiye’de yaşayan 18 yaş üzeri ve aktif internet kullanan 198’i kadın (%66.9) 98’i erkek olmak üzere (%33.1) 296 yetişkin birey oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada; “Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği-Kısa Form-6”, “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi – Kısa Form” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Bireylerin COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde teknoloji kullanımlarından kaynaklı ağrı düzeyleri ile fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, problemli internet kullanımı düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca cinsiyet, fiziksel aktivite ve problemli internet kullanımı değişkenleri birlikte, teknoloji kullanımından kaynaklanan ağrıdaki toplam varyansın %18.3’ünü açıkladığı görülmüştür.
Sonuç: Pandemi döneminde bireylerin teknoloji kullanımlarından kaynaklanan ağrı düzeylerinde fiziksel aktivite, problemli internet kullanımı ve cinsiyet faktörlerinin önemli bir yere sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
Predictors of Physical Activity Levels in University Physical Education Implementing Sport Education
Authors: Choi Siu Ming , Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Leung Fung Lin Elean , Ha Sau Ching Amy , Sit Cindy , Yeung Ka Ho
Published: July 2021

By adopting Sport Education into the university context, this study examined how lesson content and teacher interaction contribute to university students’ physical activity levels during physical education lessons. Following a continuing professional development workshop, a 10-week Sport Education season was designed collaboratively and implemented at a university, taking into account the university’s facilities. This study used the momentary time sampling tool, System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, in which eight teachers and 202 students (72% male) were videotaped in 156 lessons. The data on physical activity levels, lesson content, and teacher behavior were collected and analyzed. The student-participants engaged in an average of 38.77 (±18.78) moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes which did not meet the recommendation of 50% lesson time. Findings of hierarchical linear regression indicated that knowledge (β = 0.29) and general content (β = 0.29) contributed to the sitting physical activity while skill practices (β = 0.25) and gameplay (β = 0.38) predicted the MVPA. Practical implications of utilizing the features of Sport Education in boosting the intensity of activities are discussed, especially team affiliation, formal competition, and record keeping. Further investigations are proposed on the interaction of gameplay content and teacher behavior with larger sample size.
Closet writing
Authors: Trofimova Evija
Published: July 2021

In this article I view academic writing through the metaphor of ‘closet writing’, whereby the process of writing is concealed and erased, allowing public exposure of only polished articles as final products. I explore some of the reasons for the implicit shame and embarrassment that many academics, myself included, feel about their unfinished pieces and practices of writing. Among those reasons are the felt discrepancies between the imagined, and often mutually conflicting, ideals of academic writing as practice, process and product, and each individual’s lived experience of it. I question the sources of such ideals, and suggest some resistance to the ideal through advocating care for ideas, rather than ideals. I query where assumptions about writing as a clean, fast and easy process come from, and counter these assumptions with values of mess, uncertainty and struggle. I argue that the absence of conversation around academic writing, and ‘closeting’ of the often messy add to further mystification of it. Academics are invited to venture out of their closets of writing, and risk some exposure of the process through either shared drafts or honest conversations.
Libertad y “sujeto absoluto” en Hegel
Authors: Pradas Sanchis Carlos
Published: July 2021

El alcance “absoluto” y el carácter definitivo del sistema hegeliano han constituido un problema filosófico que algunos intérpretes han calificado como “insuperable”. Este alcance es interpretado por Charles Taylor como un espíritu absoluto que queda “encarnado” en los espíritus finitos, cuya libertad es condición de posibilidad para su realización. Robert Pippin se muestra insatisfecho con la interpretación del sujeto en tanto “receptor” del espíritu, puesto que dificulta el acceso a un concepto de “libertad” entendido como reconocimiento social. En el presente trabajo se han presentado y comparado estas dos perspectivas y se ha concluido que, aunque ofrecen interpretaciones muy diversas sobre los textos hegelianos, sus tesis son en gran medida complementarias. Esta coincidencia permite una nueva consideración de los comentaristas tradicionales de Hegel.
The İmpact of Argumentation-Based İnstruction on Academic Achievements and Scientific Process Skills of Primary School Students and Their Attitudes towards the Science Course
Authors: IŞIKER Yakub , EMRE İrfan
Published: July 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of argumentation-based instruction on academic achievements, scientific process skills of primary school 4th grade students and their attitudes towards the science course. The study was designed as a quasi-experimental research, and the study group included 47 4th grade students during the 2016-2017 academic year. Academic achievement test, scientific process skills test and attitudes towards science course scale were used as pre-tests and post-tests in the study to collect data. Independent groups t-test, paired groups t-test, Mann Whitney U test and arithmetic mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage analysis were employed to analyze the study data, and .05 confidence interval was accepted as significant. The study findings demonstrated that argumentation-based instruction had a positive impact on academic achievements and scientific process skills of 4th grade primary school students; and the instruction led to a significant difference that favored the experimental group in attitudes towards the science course.
How Do Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Enhance Their Lessons through Lesson Study?
Authors: SADAK Musa
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to investigate how lesson study perspective could help pre-service teachers (PSTs) to enhance their mathematical instruction. Four PSTs along with their 13 other peers who took a semester long secondary level mathematics teaching methods course in one of the large-midwestern universities in the US participated in this study. While four PSTs planned and taught a lesson in two different groups by two, other PSTs took the role of giving feedback to their classmates. PSTs enhanced their lesson plans based on the feedback from their peers and provided self-reflections on these changes. As a result of the investigation of the changes PSTs did on their lesson plans and the reflections they provided, it was revealed that they enhanced their instruction on some specific issues, such as getting students’ attention, using time efficiently, maintaining student interaction, using technology. It is also suggested to future researchers that it would be beneficial to study on PSTs’ assumptions on the difference between the real students and the PSTs who pretended as students during the peer-taught lesson study activity.
Haj is No Longer the Same Experience as in Earlier Times
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

It may be said at the outset that in discussing haj related issues, one runs the risk of touching on public sensitivities as haj is part of the devotional aspects (‘ibadat) of Islam and not as open to rational enquiry as are matters of concern to civil transactions (mu‘amalat). That said, raising questions over haj management matters tangential to the substance of worship should not be a problem. Islam does not preclude religious matters from rational investigation in the spirit of healthy renewal and reform (tajdid). Earlier precedent confirms this when, for instance, the caliph ‘Umar al-Khattab introduced the second call to prayer (adhan) on Fridays when the crowds attending congregational prayers in Madinah grew larger.
M.A Muqtedar Khan, Islam and Good Governance: A Political Philosophy of Ihsan
Authors: Dar Showkat Ahmad
Published: July 2021

The work currently under review, by M. A. Muqtedar Khan, professor at the University of Delware (USA) and expert in Islamic thought, governance and international relations, is a unique addition to the subject area, exploring new dimensions of Islamic political philosophy. A serious, critical evaluation of the subject—theory vis-a-vis practice—Khan challenges the many political understandings held by classical and modern Islamic political thinkers. Human minds (irrespective of their religious bents) have searched through the ages for a world order capable of providing peace and tranquillity to all people. Consequently, a number of political theories have emerged deliberating on the process and structure of governance and government.
Pluralism of Values: Its Scope and Limitations
Authors: Taha Abderrahmane
Published: July 2021

Value Pluralism is an ethico-political philosophical doctrine upholding the principle of the clash of values which decrees that values are heterogeneous and incommensurable among themselves. The appearance of this doctrine was surrounded by specific conditions: 1. The recent condition based on the principle of conflict between reason and religion, serving as the cause for a manifestly unrestrained rationality. 2. Liberalism based on the principle of conflict between politics and ethics, serving as the cause for a pervasive political hegemony. 3. The idea of the ‘clash of civilisations’ based on the principle of conformity between culture and ethics, and serving as the cause of a far-reaching cultural extremism. The upholders of Value Pluralism pursued conflicting methods in dealing with this valuational clash: 1. The method of ‘determination’ (Max Weber and Isaiah Berlin), 2. The method of ‘demonstration’ (J. Habermas and K.-O. Apel), 3. The method of ‘separation’ (John Rawls), and 4. The method of ‘connecting’ (Michael Walzer). All this calls for seeking a new value pluralism upholding the principle of ‘coinciding values’ feasible only by eliminating the causes of clash comprising three defects: rational unrestraint, political hegemony, and cultural extremism. The author, in turn, repels the defect of unrestrained rationality by disseminating the value of faith into reason, dispels the defect of hegemony by disseminating the value of the Good into politics, and dislodges the defect of extremism by disseminating the value of human ‘innate nature’ into culture.
Legal Pluralism: An Adequate Instrument for the Recognition of Multiculturalism?
Authors: Giordano Christian
Published: July 2021

According to the most authoritative experts, there are two principal types of legal pluralism, which can be identified as minimalist and maximalist. This is why legal anthropologist Norbert Rouland speaks of a weak version and a strong version. The weak version simply refers to the presence of different juridical mechanisms applied to identical circumstances within a given society. A further differentiation is that the weak version implies a plurality of legal solutions that may be applied within a legal system guaranteed by specific state provisions.

In order to define the strong version of legal pluralism we need to bear in mind that several concurrent legal orders, i.e., state law as well as extra-state systems, meet and clash within a given society. The various juridical orders may either converge or diverge, i.e., they may have normative similarities or differences.
Overcoming Taqlid in Muslim Institutions of Learning
Authors: Abdullah Abdul Karim
Published: July 2021

The emergence of taqlid or indiscriminate imitation of the work of former scholars by later scholars was a major turning point in Islamic history. It created two classes of scholars, those who referred to the primary sources of the Shariah (the early scholars), and those that did not (the later scholars). As a result of the expectation to follow and build on the work of the early scholars, the Qur’an and Sunnah attained the status of “remote” sources, at least as far as the later scholars were concerned. The works of the early scholars, by contrast, were brought forward and came to be treated, for all practical purposes, as “primary sources.” The distancing of the later Muslims from the Qur’an was reflected in how Muslims came to relate to the sacred text. Scholars began to look outside of the Qur’an itself for the meaning of the Qur’an, more specifically in the commentaries of their predecessors. Other Muslims were advised to focus on recitation and leave the interpretation of the sacred text to scholars. As it was the Qur’an that provided the impetus to the rise of the Islamic civilisation in the first place, civilisational renewal will require a re-engagement with the Qur’an, by scholars as well as the wider Muslim community. Reopening access the Qur’an will have to begin with a reappraisal of learning methodologies currently in use. This will require first and foremost overcoming taqlid.
Peacemaking Efforts among ASEAN Nations
Authors: Pitsuwan Surin
Published: July 2021

Assalamu ‘Alaikum  wr. wb.

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim.

Dear Professor Director, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

I am grateful for this opportunity to share with you some thoughts on the topic of the role of ASEAN nations in promoting peace and regional cooperation in Southeast Asia and the wider region of East Asia. I will be discussing concerns over non-interference, the situations in East Timor, Myanmar and Rohingyas, and also matters over Malacca Straits, and ASEAN’s relations with China, and South China Sea issues during my tenure of office as Secretary-General of ASEAN.

I have been appointed as a Visiting Professor of the University of Malaya since the middle of last year (2013), but have not been able to fulfil my obligations due to other pressing responsibilities and engagements around the world. This morning my wife asked me “how many people would make up the audience you will be speaking to today?” I said, “I don’t know.” She responded, “Usually your audience is around twenty thousand!” She was referring to the political campaigns. Pak Syed Hamid Albar here (former Foreign Minister of Malaysia) knows well what political campaigns and academic exercises of this nature have in common and what makes them different.
The Fiqh Al-Aqaliyyat (Jurisprudence of Minorities) in Light of the Higher Objectives (Maqasid) of Shariah
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim , Abdullah Ahmad Badri
Published: July 2021

Muslim minorities living in the West face the challenges of a secular law and culture as well as issues of identity and citizenship that have taken a turn for the worse since the aftermath of 9/11. However, compared to Muslim minorities elsewhere, those living in the West enjoy greater freedom to practice their religion.

Some of the challenges they face are unprecedented and the rules of Islamic law concerning them have also remained relatively under-developed. This would explain the emergence of a new branch of Islamic jurisprudence under the rubric of the still developing fiqh al-aqaliyyat (jurisprudence of minorities) in recent decades.