bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relative Prevalence of Wave Packets and Coherent Structures in the Inertial and Kinetic Ranges of Turbulence as Seen by Solar Orbiter
Authors: Bendt Alina , Chapman Sandra , Dudok de Wit Thierry
Published: August 2024

The Solar Orbiter (SO) mission provides the opportunity to study the evolution of solar wind turbulence. We use SO observations of nine extended intervals of homogeneous turbulence to determine when turbulent magnetic field fluctuations may be characterized as: (i) wave packets and (ii) coherent structures (CSs). We perform the first systematic scale-by-scale decomposition of the magnetic field using two wavelets known to resolve wave packets and discontinuities, the Daubechies 10 (Db10) and Haar, respectively. The probability distribution functions (PDFs) of turbulent fluctuations on small scales exhibit stretched tails, becoming Gaussian at the outer scale of the cascade. Using quantile–quantile plots, we directly compare the wavelet fluctuations PDFs, revealing three distinct regimes of behavior. Deep within the inertial range (IR) both decompositions give essentially the same fluctuation PDFs. Deep within the kinetic range (KR) the PDFs are distinct as the Haar decompositions have larger variance and more extended tails. On intermediate scales, spanning the IR–KR break, the PDF is composed of two populations: a core of common functional form containing ∼97% of fluctuations, and tails that are more extended for the Haar decompositions than the Db10 decompositions. This establishes a crossover between wave-packet (core) and CS (tail) phenomenology in the IR and KR, respectively. The range of scales where the PDFs are two-component is narrow at 0.9 au (4–16 s) and broader (0.5–8 s) at 0.4 au. As CS and wave–wave interactions are both candidates to mediate the turbulent cascade, these results offer new insights into the distinct physics of the IR and KR.
Unraveling the Mystery of the Low CO-to-H2 Conversion Factor in Starburst Galaxies: RADEX Modeling of the Antennae
Authors: He Hao , Wilson Christine D. , Sun Jiayi , Teng Yu-Hsuan , Rosolowsky Erik , Bemis Ashley R.
Published: August 2024

CO emission has been widely used as a tracer of molecular gas mass. However, it is a long-standing issue to accurately constrain the CO-to-H2 conversion factor (α
CO) that converts CO luminosity to molecular gas mass, especially in starburst galaxies. We present the first resolved α
CO modeling results with multiple Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO and 13CO transition observations at both giant molecular cloud (GMC) scale at 150 pc and kiloparsec scale for one of the closest starburst mergers, the Antennae. By combining our CO modeling results and measurements of 350 GHz dust continuum, we find that most GMCs in the Antennae have α
CO values approximately four times smaller than the commonly adopted Milky Way value (4.3). We find that α
CO at GMC scales shows a strong dependence on CO intensity, 13CO/CO ratio, and GMC velocity dispersion, which is consistent with various theoretical and simulation predictions. Specifically, we suggest that the 13CO/CO line ratio and the velocity dispersion can be used to infer α
CO in starburst regions. By applying our modeled α
CO in GMC analyses, we find that GMCs in the Antennae are less gravitationally bound than in normal spiral galaxies, which is more consistent with what is predicted by merger simulations. At kiloparsec scale, we find that our modeled α
CO values are smaller than the modeled α
CO at GMC scale by 40%, which can be due to inclusion of a diffuse gas component with lower α
CO values. We find a similar correlation of α
CO and CO intensity at kiloparsec scales to that at GMC scales.
A Breakdown of the Black Hole–Bulge Mass Relation in Local Active Galaxies
Authors: Sturm Megan R. , Reines Amy E.
Published: August 2024

We investigate the relation between black hole (BH) mass and bulge stellar mass for a sample of 117 local (z ∼ 0) galaxies hosting low-luminosity, broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Our sample comes from Reines & Volonteri, who found that, for a given total stellar mass, these AGNs have BH masses more than an order of magnitude smaller than those in early-type galaxies with quiescent BHs. Here, we aim to determine whether or not this AGN sample falls on the canonical BH-to-bulge mass relation by utilizing bulge–disk decompositions and determining bulge stellar masses using color-dependent mass-to-light ratios. We find that our AGN sample remains offset by more than an order of magnitude from the M
BH–M
bulge relation defined by early-type galaxies with dynamically detected BHs. We caution that using canonical BH-to-bulge mass relations for galaxies other than ellipticals and bulge-dominated systems may lead to highly biased interpretations. This work bears directly on predictions for gravitational-wave detections and cosmological simulations that are tied to the local BH-to-bulge mass relations.
Star Formation by Supernova Implosion
Authors: Romano Leonard E. C. , Burkert Andreas , Behrendt Manuel
Published: August 2024

Recent hydrodynamical simulations of the late stages of supernova remnant (SNR) evolution have revealed that as they merge with the ambient medium, SNRs implode, leading to the formation of dense clouds in their center. While being highly chemically enriched by their host SNR, these clouds appear to have similar properties as giant molecular clouds, which are believed to be the main site of star formation. Here, we develop a simple model in order to estimate the efficiency of the star formation that might be triggered by the implosion of SNRs. We separately consider two cases: cyclic star formation, maintained by the episodic driving of feedback from new generations of stars, and a single burst of star formation, triggered by a single explosion. We find that in the cyclic case, star formation is inefficient, with implosion-triggered star formation contributing a few percent of the observed star formation efficiency per freefall timescale. In the single-burst case, higher star formation efficiencies can be obtained. However, while the implosion-triggered process might not contribute much to the overall star formation, due to the high chemical enrichment of the birth clouds, it can explain the formation of a significant fraction of metal-rich stars.
Illumination of a Planet by a Black Hole Moon as a Technological Signature
Authors: Loeb Abraham
Published: August 2024

I show that Hawking radiation from a mini black hole with a mass of ∼1011 g in a low orbit around an otherwise frozen rogue planet, can supply the energy needs of a civilization on the surface of the planet. Maintaining this furnace for more than a few years requires a modest accretion rate of ∼2 kg s−1. The associated technosignature is detectable as a gamma-ray source occulted by a warm planet every 1–2 hr, with no stellar-mass companion.
Galaxy Zoo: Morphologies Based on UKIDSS NIR Imaging for 71,052 Galaxies
Authors: Masters Karen L. , Galloway Melanie , Fortson Lucy , Lintott Chris J. , Read Mike , Scarlata Claudia , Simmons Brooke , Walmsley Mike , Willett Kyle
Published: August 2024

We present morphological classifications based on Galaxy Zoo analysis of 71,052 galaxies with imaging from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS). Galaxies were selected out of the Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2) sample, so also have gri imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. An identical classification tree, and vote weighting/aggregation was applied to both UKIDSS and GZ2 classifications enabling direct comparisons. With this Research Note we provide a public release of the GZ:UKIDSS morphologies and discuss some initial comparisons with GZ2.
A digital multi-access key for easy identification of large tree species of ebony wood in Madagascar
Authors: Rakouth Hasina , Andriambololonera Sylvie , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Phillipson Peter B. , Lowry II Porter , Wilding Nicholas
Published: August 2024

In 2013, all populations of the precious wood genera Dalbergia (Fabaceae) and Diospyros (Ebenaceae) from Madagascar were placed on CITES Appendix II in an effort to combat unsustainable and illicit over-exploitation and illegal exportation for the international market. The accompanying Action Plan adopted by CITES identified several information and capacity gaps, which undermine the sustainable and equitable management of these valuable resources. These gaps include the lack of practical, reliable tools to identify species along the entire value chain, from standing trees to cut wood and finished products. To address this need, we developed simple, user-friendly, multi-access keys for the two genera in Madagascar using the Lucid application. This new tool provides highly accurate identification of standing and felled trees to assist actors in the forestry, regulatory, and natural resource management sectors, including customs officials and law enforcement authorities as well as conservationists and protected area managers. In this paper, we focus on the development of the Diospyros identification tool. This interactive, electronic key employs 109 informative characters, including morphological features, emphasizing vegetative structures such as bark, stems, and leaves that are present even in the absence of flowers and fruits, in conjunction with eco-geographic characters (bioclimate, elevation, and geography). The key is supplemented with photos, illustrations, and a comprehensive glossary, to deliver accurate identification of the 88 Diospyros species that are large enough to be potential sources of commercially valuable ebony wood (≥ 20 cm DBH and/or ≥ 20 m height). This is the first use of Lucid to develop an identification key for species in Madagascar, paving the way for its application to other taxa for which practical electronic field identification is needed.
Stabilization for a degenerate wave equation with drift and potential term with boundary fractional derivative control
Authors: Issa Ibtissam , Hajjej Zayd
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the boundary stabilization of a degenerate wave equation in the non-divergence form, which includes a drift term and a singular potential term. Additionally, we introduce boundary fractional derivative damping at the endpoint where divergence is absent. Using semi-group theory and the multiplier method, we establish polynomial stability, with a decay rate depending upon the order of the fractional derivative.
Oscillatory behavior of solutions of third order semi-canonical dynamic equations on time scale
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. , Cesarano Clemente , Askar Sameh S. , Alshamrani Ahmad M.
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the oscillatory behavior of nonlinear third-order dynamic equations on time scales. Our main approach is to transform the equation from its semi-canonical form into a more tractable canonical form. This transformation simplifies the analysis of oscillation behavior and allows us to derive new oscillation criteria. These criteria guarantee that all solutions to the equation oscillate. Our results extend and improve upon existing findings in the literature, particularly for the special cases where $ \mathbb{T} = \mathbb{R} $ and $ \mathbb{T} = \mathbb{Z} $. Additionally, we provide illustrative examples to demonstrate the practical application of the developed criteria.
A sim-learnheuristic algorithm for solving a capacitated dispersion problem under stochastic and non-static conditions
Authors: Ghorbani Elnaz , Gomez Juan F. , Panadero Javier , Juan Angel A.
Published: August 2024

A fundamental assumption in addressing real-world problems is acknowledging the presence of uncertainty and dynamism. Dismissing these factors can lead to the formulation of an optimal solution for an entirely different problem. This paper presents a novel variant of the capacitated dispersion problem (CDP) referred to as the stochastic and non-static CDP. The main objective of this problem is to strategically position facilities to achieve maximum dispersion while meeting the capacity demand constraint. The proposed approach combines stochastic and non-static elements, introducing a new paradigm to address the problem. This innovation allows us to consider more realistic and flexible environments. To solve this challenging problem, a novel sim-learnheuristic algorithm is proposed. This algorithm combines a biased-randomized metaheuristic (optimization component) with a simulation component (to model the uncertainty) and a machine learning component (to model non-static behavior). The non-static part works by using black box and white box mechanisms to learn the uncertainty with some related facilities' variables. Based on an extended set of traditional benchmarks for the CDP, a series of computational experiments were carried out. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sim-learnheuristic approach for solving the CDP under non-static and stochastic scenarios.
Global error bounds for the extended vertical LCP of $ \sum-SDD $ matrices
Authors: Gan Mengting
Published: August 2024

An error bound for the solution of the $ \sum-SDD $ matrix extended vertical linear complementarity problem is given when the $ \sum-SDD $ matrix satisfies the row W-property. It is shown by the illustrative example that the new bound is better than those in [1] in some cases.
Revolutionizing Antenna Design
Authors: Jain Rachit , Thakare Vandana Vikas , Singhal Pramod Kumar
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive study is presented on leveraging machine learning to design and optimize an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. First, proposed a novel UWB antenna design using innovative geometries to achieve enhanced bandwidth and performance characteristics. Next, develop a data-driven approach, utilizing machine learning algorithms, to optimize the antenna's performance parameters, such as return loss. Through this approach, it is possible to overcome the limitations of traditional manual optimization methods and achieve highly efficient and customized designs for specific applications. In this work, machine learning techniques, including decision trees, random forest, gradient boosting, and XGBoost used and demonstrated the potential of ML-driven optimization to efficiently explore the design space and achieve superior results. The research highlights machine learning's transformative impact on antenna design, unlocking new possibilities and applications. The proposed antenna exhibits ultra-wideband characteristics, operating from 2.9 GHz to 16.37 GHz. Notably, it demonstrates five distinct bands with return loss values of -14 dB at 3 GHz, -28.87 dB at 4.3 GHz, -31.2 dB at 7.4 GHz, -18.07 dB at 9.14 GHz, and -29.76 dB at 14.2 GHz.
Synchronous Reconfiguration in Implantable Distributed Generation on Optimal Power Arrangement
Authors: Ali H. Mohammed , Krishnakumari A. , Selvakanmani S. , Kaliappan S.
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the challenges of synchronous reconfiguration in implantable distributed generation systems, aiming to optimize power arrangement using an evolutionary whale optimization technique. The research focuses on overcoming the degradation in utility grid performance caused by varied responses, which significantly impacts the efficacy of electricity delivery in implantable systems. The key objective is to deliver high-quality electricity while minimizing power dissipation and maintaining operational temperatures within safe limits. To achieve this, the study proposes an innovative method that optimizes both the routing protocol and the placement of capacitors within the implantable distributed generation network. This approach is designed to reduce power flow and operational costs, thereby improving the efficiency of various buses in the system. The optimization process utilizes Jackson's technique for identifying the optimal minimal tree in routing, complemented by an adaptable whale optimization algorithm for model predictive control.
Lightning Impact Current Variables in Wearable and Implantable Devices on Different Evaluation Methods
Authors: Natrayan L. , Saravanan M. , Paranthaman V. , Kaliappan S.
Published: August 2024

This work introduces a novel and expedient method to evaluate the impact of lightning-induced current variables on wearable and implantable devices. The method focuses on analyzing the waveform parameters of lightning intensity modulation, a crucial factor in assessing the vulnerability of these devices to lightning strikes. Key waveform properties such as maximum voltage (Up), frontal duration (T1), time to half (T2), and overrun frequency (Be) are evaluated following IEC specifications. To accurately determine these parameters, an optimization technique employing rear supervised learning is applied. This technique analyzes the baseline curvature and its variations using data collected from 14 distinct points along the waveforms, particularly focusing on 26% of a signal applied on the wave's front portion and 50% of an open-circuit voltage on the wave's rear portion. The prescribed 28 waveforms are incorporated into the network subject's training process, and multiple experimental cases are employed to validate the proposed method.
Wireless BIMA Robot Using BCI Application
Authors: Kanna R. Kishore , Kripa N.
Published: August 2024

Bio signals are signals that are created by combining electrical and mechanical potentials or signals acquired from our bodies. The brain, which is believed to be our body's most complex organ, produces one of these bio signals. The electrical signals obtained from the brain are utilized to diagnose the illnesses and medical problems that lie underneath them. The study is being carried out by developing and building BIMA Bot, a mobile robot that is wireless and has a pick-and-place end effector. It is also possible to acquire raw data from the participants in a complete band simultaneously using a wired 24-channel EEG RMS Maximus. The results of the wireless EEG were contrasted and evaluated with the findings of the wired numerous electrodes. Additionally, the BIMA Bot was employed to analyze the EEG signals of numerous children with autism to determine its impact on their behavior and potential benefit.
Modified Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) for Intelligent 5G Radio Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
Authors: Shameli R. , Rajkumar Sujatha
Published: August 2024

The emergence of 5G technology has presented new problems and opportunities in the field of software-defined networking (SDN). Recently, efficient traffic management and quality of service (QoS) assurance have deviated due to network threats. This study presents a new modified convolutional neural network (MCNN) method for 5G SDN infrastructures. The proposed approach incorporates neural routing algorithms to optimize the distribution of network resources and minimize latency in 5G SDN. MCNN's primary advantage rests in its sophisticated convolutional neural network architecture, which demonstrates exceptional proficiency in identifying patterns and detecting anomalies. The neural routing methods of MCNN enhance its real-time monitoring capabilities, allowing for quick analysis of network traffic and enabling prompt identification and response to emerging threats. The proposed approach attains an accuracy of 93.4%, where the MCNN techniques outperform the existing state-of-the-art techniques.
Assessing the Impact of Digital Transformation on Environmental Sustainability Using PLS-SEM
Authors: Prakash Bishwajeet , Sharma Kavish , Gupta Sonu Kumar , Kumar Indrajit
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the impact of digital transformation on environmental sustainability within India's manufacturing industry, utilizing PLS-SEM. The investigation focuses on operational efficiency as a mediator and organizational culture as a moderator. Data were collected from 409 respondents in the manufacturing industry using an online Google form survey conducted from October 2023 to March 2024, employing convenience sampling. The findings of the study indicate that digital transformation significantly enhances operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. Operational efficiency is anticipated to mediate the relationship between digital transformation and environmental sustainability, with organizational culture moderating the impact of digital transformation on operational efficiency. This research contributes to theoretical understanding and provides practical insights for manufacturing firms on leveraging digital technologies for sustainable practices.
The Role of Logistics in Decent Work and Economic Growth
Authors: Üstün Kutay , Akkartal Erkut
Published: August 2024

The aim of this chapter is to examine the global shortage of truck operators, highlighting its economic, social, and labor implications. It first explores how world population growth influences economic expansion and transportation demand. The critical role of truck drivers in the logistics and their impact on global transportation revenues are emphasized, along with challenges such as inadequate pay, poor working conditions, and limited hours. The study also addresses the reluctance of youth and women to enter the profession due to perceived hazards and systemic labor market barriers. Additionally, it links the shortage of truck operators to Sustainable Development Goal 8, focusing on economic growth, employment, entrepreneurship, and occupational safety, and investigates the relationship between the Logistics Performance Index and per capita GDP.
The Role of Logistics in Climate Action
Authors: Beşel Rahime , Özdemir Selin
Published: August 2024

Climate change is an urgent threat that leads to global environmental, social, and economic impacts. In this context, the logistics sector has significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, use resources more efficiently, and play an effective role in combating climate change. The aim of this study is to examine the role of climate action in logistics and emphasize the importance of this area in addressing climate change. This study analyzes the significant interactions of the logistics sector with climate change based on a literature review and existing data. These interactions include transportation management, storage and inventory optimization, sustainable supply chain practices, and strategies for reducing carbon footprints. Additionally, the adoption of green logistics practices is highlighted for its environmental and economic benefits. In conclusion, this study provides a framework for understanding and evaluating the role of the logistics sector in combating climate change.
DGFN Multimodal Emotion Analysis Model Based on Dynamic Graph Fusion Network
Authors: Li Jingwei , Bai Xinyi , Han Zhaoming
Published: August 2024

In recent years, integrating text and image data for sentiment analysis in social networks has become a key approach. However, techniques for capturing complex cross-modal information and effectively fusing multimodal features still have shortcomings. We design a multimodal sentiment analysis model called the Dynamic Graph-Text Fusion Network (DGFN) to address these challenges. Text features are captured by leveraging the neighborhood information aggregation properties of Graph Convolutional Networks, treating words as nodes and integrating their features through their adjacency relationships. Additionally, the multi-head attention mechanism is utilized to extract rich semantic information from different subspaces simultaneously. For image feature extraction, a convolutional attention module is employed. Subsequently, an attention-based fusion module integrates the text and image features. Experimental results on the two datasets show significant improvements in sentiment classification accuracy and F1 scores, validating the effectiveness of the proposed DGFN model.
Research on Optimization Method of Music Programming and Music Creation Based on Big Data Technology
Authors: Liu Juanjuan
Published: August 2024

The development of music creation is closely intertwined with the progress of computer technology and digital tools, which indicates that the synergy between artistic expression and scientific innovation has reached an unprecedented level. Under the background of social pursuit of continuous upgrading, the schools from pop music to instrumental music demand efficient music creation methods. Therefore, this paper focuses on the application of music programming and its programming ability, and explores the optimization strategy of composition design and execution under the framework of big data technology. By doing so, it aims to accurately meet the needs of music education and research, promote the development of this discipline, and promote the seamless integration and gradual innovation of information technology in music education and teaching practice. In the end, this exploration strives to amplify the harmony between technological progress and artistic creativity and promote the development of the music industry.
Prevalence of subfertility and associated factors in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka: A cross sectional study
Authors: Raguraman Sivalingarajah , Balagobi Balasingam , Shanmuganathan Yaalini , Powsiga Uruthirakumar , Kanesamoorthy Shribavan , Kiruththiga Tharmarajah , Rajeev Gopalamoorthy , Kumaran Subashchandran
Published: August 2024

Subfertility is an emerging health problem in Sri Lanka, associated with many factors. Most subfertility issues can be dealt with excellent efficacy of early detection and management. The unavailability of the prevalence and associated subfertility factors in the Jaffna district paved the way for conducting a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study among women aged 18 to 49 years, Tamil speaking, and residents in the same house-hold for at least six months. A multi-stage cluster samp-ling approach was used through the medical officer of health, followed by the public health midwife area. Twenty households were selected in each cluster to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, selected disease conditions, information related to subfertility, including the risk of male and female factors, and psychological well-being status. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (V25) software. Prevalence and associated risk factors were calculated. The response rate was 85.8%. Prevalence of subfertility was 23.1%. Primary and secondary subfertility were observed in 18.8% and 4.4%, respectively. In total, males have a slightly higher mean age than females, 40.8(4.2). Most were Sri Lankan Tamil, and Hindus of both sexes. Diabetic mellitus and thyroid gland diseases in women are statistically associated with subfertility (p<0.05). This study showed an increased subfertility prevalence in the Jaffna district, Sri Lanka. In this context, the increasing prevalence of subfertility is an eye-opener to the healthcare system and policy-makers to concentrate on subfertility care in Sri Lanka.
Early temporal changes on CT chest in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Debi Uma , Devkota Shritik , Dua Ashish , Prabhakar Nidhi , Dhooria Sahajal , Garg Mandeep
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest helps in the evaluation, prognostication, and follow-up of patients with Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pneumonia.Objectives: To study the early temporal evolution of findings on CT chest in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at 6 weeks follow up.Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia who underwent baseline chest CT scans followed by a repeat scan at six weeks. Patients were quantitatively assessed using an objective CT severity score and qualitatively assessed using imaging parameters like consolidation, ground glass opacities (GGOs), parenchymal bands, septal thickening, nodules and crazy paving pattern.Results: Mean age of our study population was 58.5 ± 10.2 years with 80% being males. The baseline CT scan revealed a total median CT severity score interquartile range (IQR) of 16/25 (range: 14-20) while the follow-up scan after six weeks revealed a median score (IQR) of 14/25 (range: 8-19). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.04). The difference in CT severity scores of bilateral upper lobes was statistically significant (p=0.04 on right side and p=0.009 on left side); however, the difference in scores of bilateral lower lobes was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The common imaging patterns on baseline imaging were GGO (97.5%), con-solidation (85%), septal thickening (85%), parenchymal bands (60%) and nodules (32.5%), which showed an interval resolution in the follow-up CT scan.Conclusion: Most of the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showed interval resolution of lung findings seen on short-term follow-up CT scan.
Stimulating Research in the Built Environment
Authors: Wijetunge M.N.R.
Published: August 2024

No abstract available.
Expanding the Understanding of Stiff-Person Syndrome: Insights from 17 Cases in India
Authors: Jain Rajendra S. , Pemawat Ashish , Sharma Pankajkumar , Nehra Kuldeep
Published: August 2024

Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare and complex neurologic disorder characterized by progressive muscle stiffness, painful spasms, and gait difficulties. In this report, we describe a case of SPS who presented with a relapse while on maintenance immunosuppressive treatment. In addition, we review the literature of 16 previously reported cases of SPS from India, highlighting the diverse clinical features, comorbidities, treatment response, and relapse. The occurrence of paraneoplastic SPS emphasizes the need for early recognition and diagnosis.
Revisiting the Imaging Characteristics of Chondroblastoma with Special Emphasis on Prognosis and Radiological Predictors of Local Tumor Recurrence
Authors: Alothman Maram , Althobaity Waleed , Felemban Abdullah , Gamal Mohamed , Altukhaifi Luluah
Published: August 2024

Background

Chondroblastoma is an uncommon benign cartilaginous tumor of young adults and adolescents, accounting for 1% of all bone tumors. We aim to analyze the imaging characteristics of pathologically proven chondroblastoma, measure the incidence rate of local recurrence of this tumor, and identify factors that may influence its local recurrence.

Materials and methods

The details of a total of 44 patients with pathologically proven chondroblastoma who underwent surgery and followed up by cross-sectional imaging between January 2006 and March 2021 at the KFSHRC in Riyadh were retrieved from our archive. All available modalities, including plain radiography, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed at baseline and on follow-up were reviewed and correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. Recurrence was calculated from the date of surgery to the date of recurrence or the date of being lost to follow-up depending on the date of recurrence. The statistical software STATA was used to analyze the data.

Results

The tumor recurrence rate was 4.55% (n = 2). Similarly, the residual tumor rate was 4.55% (n = 2). No metastases were documented. The recurrence-free survival was 93.8% at the 722-day follow-up. More than 95% of lesions demonstrated typical imaging features including: a well-defined lobulated margin, intermediate-to-low signal on T2-weighted images, and perilesional edema.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the imaging findings of chondroblastoma, which classically affects skeletally immature patients. Although imaging findings cannot be used to predict recurrence or survival, we obtained excellent prognosis following surgical treatment at our institution.
An Emergency in the Womb: A Case Report of Ruptured Right Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Tejaswi Srungarapu , Reddy Annapureddy Tejeswari , Padma Pilli , Vijaya P.
Published: August 2024

With an incidence of <2%, cornual pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy that occurs in the uterine horn and is not well documented in the medical literature. Because of the possibility of life-threatening hemorrhage following rupture and the delayed diagnosis, this illness presents a significant risk to the health of the mother. Rupture of a cornual gestation may result in significant maternal bleeding, hypovolemia, and shock because of the position of the cornual area on the fallopian tube. With a mortality rate two to five times higher than other types of ectopic pregnancies, a cornual gestation is regarded as an extremely risky and potentially fatal form of ectopic pregnancy. These cases usually manifest later in pregnancy, usually between 7 and 12 weeks, because of the myometrium’s ability to stretch.
Exploring Factitious Dermatitis: A Case Series Unveiling Psychodermatological Insights
Authors: Shekar P Mahendra , Varsha G. , Mohammed Rishi Raj , Sharanya J. , Ramya G.
Published: August 2024

Dermatitis artefacta (DA), or factitious dermatitis, presents a complex interplay of psychiatric and dermatological factors, challenging clinicians in diagnosis and management. This article delves into a comprehensive review of contemporary understanding, emphasizing treatment strategies, psychological correlations, and clinical presentations through the analysis of three compelling case studies. Presenting three cases, each examined after a referral from dermatology to psychiatry, sheds light on the varied manifestations of DA. These cases, spanning diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and occupations, underscore the universal nature of this condition. Notably, each patient’s denial of psychological distress complicates diagnosis and management. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors emerge as a preferred option due to their favorable side effect profile. In conclusion, navigating factitious dermatitis requires clinicians to adopt a nonconfrontational, empathetic stance, fostering a therapeutic relationship conducive to addressing underlying psychological issues.
Consideration on immunotherapy of liver metastases of malignant tumors
Authors: Jiang Chuang , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Li Jia-Xin
Published: August 2024

In this editorial, we comment on the article “Analysis of the impact of immunotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with gastric cancer and liver metastasis” by Liu et al that was published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery . It has prompted us to think and summarize some thoughts on immunotherapy for malignant tumor liver metastasis. Immunotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of malignant tumors; however, the presence of liver metastases in advanced tumors may impact its efficacy. Although patients with liver metastases can still benefit from immunotherapy, multiple clinical studies have indicated that, compared to other sites of metastasis, liver metastases may diminish the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with liver metastases often fails to reach the ideal level, primarily due to the liver metastases exploiting the host's peripheral immune tolerance mechanisms to promote systemic CD8(+) T cell exhaustion, resulting in a systemic immune-tolerant environment. This article aims to summarize the reasons for the decreased efficacy of immunotherapy following liver metastasis in various malignant tumors and propose potential clinical strategies for management.
Predictive utility of the Rockall scoring system in patients suffering from acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Authors: Han De-Ping , Gou Cai-Qian , Ren Xin-Mian
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) represents a significant clinical challenge due to its unpredictability and potentially severe outcomes. The Rockall risk score has emerged as a critical tool for prognostic assessment in patients with ANVUGIB, aiding in the prediction of rebleeding and mortality. However, its applicability and accuracy in the Chinese population remain understudied.

AIM

To assess the prognostic value of the Rockall risk score in a Chinese cohort of patients with ANVUGIB.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of 168 ANVUGIB patients’ medical records was conducted. The study employed statistical tests, including the t -test, χ 2 test, spearman correlation, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, to assess the relationship between the Rockall score and clinical outcomes, specifically focusing on rebleeding events within 3 months post-assessment.

RESULTS

Significant associations were found between the Rockall score and various clinical outcomes. High Rockall scores were significantly associated with rebleeding events (r = 0.735, R 2 = 0.541, P < 0.001) and strongly positively correlated with adverse outcomes. Low hemoglobin levels (t = 2.843, P = 0.005), high international normalized ratio (t = 3.710, P < 0.001), active bleeding during endoscopy (c 2 = 7.950, P = 0.005), large ulcer size (t = 6.348, P < 0.001), and requiring blood transfusion (c 2 = 6.381, P = 0.012) were all significantly associated with rebleeding events. Furthermore, differences in treatment and management strategies were identified between patients with and without rebleeding events. ROC analysis indicated the excellent discriminative power (sensitivity: 0.914; specificity: 0.816; area under the curve: 0.933; Youden index: 0.730) of the Rockall score in predicting rebleeding events within 3 months.

CONCLUSION

This study provides valuable insights into the prognostic value of the Rockall risk score for ANVUGIB in the Chinese population. The results underscore the potential of the Rockall score as an effective tool for risk stratification and prognostication, with implications for guiding risk-appropriate management strategies and optimizing care for patients with ANVUGIB.
Nomogram predicting the prognosis of primary liver cancer after radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Shen Hai-Hua , Hong Yu-Rong , Xu Wen , Chen Lei , Chen Jun-Min , Yang Zhi-Gen , Chen Cai-Hong
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

The incidence and mortality rates of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are high, and the conventional treatment is radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE); however, the 3-year survival rate is still low. Further, there are no visual methods to effectively predict their prognosis.

AIM

To explore the factors influencing the prognosis of HCC after RFA and TACE and develop a nomogram prediction model.

METHODS

Clinical and follow-up information of 150 patients with HCC treated using RFA and TACE in the Hangzhou Linping Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to December 2022 was retrospectively collected and recorded. We examined their prognostic factors using multivariate logistic regression and created a nomogram prognosis prediction model using the R software (version 4.1.2). Internal verification was performed using the bootstrapping technique. The prognostic efficacy of the nomogram prediction model was evaluated using the concordance index (CI), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic curve.

RESULTS

Of the 150 patients treated with RFA and TACE, 92 (61.33%) developed recurrence and metastasis. Logistic regression analysis identified six variables, and a predictive model was created. The internal validation results of the model showed a CI of 0.882. The correction curve trend of the prognosis prediction model was always near the diagonal, and the mean absolute error before and after internal validation was 0.021. The area under the curve of the prediction model after internal verification was 0.882 [95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.820-0.945], with a specificity of 0.828 and sensitivity of 0.656. According to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, χ 2 = 3.552 and P = 0.895. The predictive model demonstrated a satisfactory calibration, and the decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical applicability.

CONCLUSION

The prognosis of patients with HCC after RFA and TACE is affected by several factors. The developed prediction model based on the influencing parameters shows a good prognosis predictive efficacy.
Effects of fluid therapy combined with a preoperative glucose load regimen on postoperative recovery in patients with rectal cancer
Authors: Xia Lv-Chi , Zhang Ke , Wang Chuan-Wen
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection often have poor postoperative recovery due to preoperative fasting and water deprivation and the removal of diseased tissue, and have a high risk of complications. Therefore, it is of great significance to apply appropriate rehydration regimens to patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer during the perioperative period to improve the postoperative outcomes of patients.

AIM

To analyze the effects of goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) with a preoperative glucose load regimen on postoperative recovery and complications in patients undergoing radical resection for rectal cancer.

METHODS

Patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection (n = 184) between January 2021 and December 2023 at our hospital were randomly divided into either a control group or an observation group (n = 92 in each group). Both groups received a preoperative glucose load regimen, and routine fluid replacement and GDFT were additionally implements in the control and observation groups, respectively. The operative conditions, blood levels of lactic acid and inflammatory markers, postoperative recovery, cognitive status, hemodynamic indicators, brain oxygen metabolism, and complication rates were compared between the groups.

RESULTS

The colloidal fluid dosage, total infusion, and urine volume, as well as time to first exhaust, time to food intake, and postoperative length of hospital stay, were lower in the observation group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of operation time, bleeding volume, crystalloid liquid consumption, time to tracheal extubation, complication rate, heart rate, or mean arterial pressure (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, in the observation group the lactic acid level was lower immediately after the surgery (P < 0.05); the Mini-Mental State Examination score was higher on postoperative day 3 (P < 0.05); the pulse pressure variability (PPV) was lower at 30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P < 0.05), though the differences in the PPV of the two groups was not significant at the remaining time points (P > 0.05); tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels were lower on postoperative day 3 (P < 0.05); and the left and right regional cerebral oxygen saturation was higher immediately after the surgery and 30 min after pneumoperitoneum (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

GDFT combined with the preoperative glucose load regimen is a safe and effective treatment strategy for improving postoperative recovery and risk of complications in patients with rectal cancer undergoing radical resection.
Primary coexisting adenocarcinoma of the colon and neuroendocrine tumor of the duodenum: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Fei Song , Wu Wei-Dong , Zhang Han-Shuo , Liu Shao-Jie , Li Dan , Jin Bo
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arise from the body’s diffuse endocrine system. Coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and NETs of the duodenum (D-NETs) is a rare occurrence in clinical practice. The classification and treatment criteria for D-NETs combined with a second primary cancer have not yet been determined.

CASE SUMMARY

We report the details of a case involving female patient with coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and a D-NET diagnosed by imaging and surgical specimens. The tumors were treated by surgery and four courses of chemotherapy. The patient achieved a favorable clinical prognosis.

CONCLUSION

Coexisting primary adenocarcinoma of the colon and D-NET were diagnosed by imaging, laboratory indicators, and surgical specimens. Surgical resection combined with chemotherapy was a safe, clinically effective, and cost-effective treatment.
Anorectal hemangioma, a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, treated with selective embolization: A case report
Authors: Pospisilova Barbora , Frydrych Jaromir , Krajina Antonin , Örhalmi Julius , Kajzrlikova Ivana M , Vitek Petr
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Anorectal hemangioma is a rare and frequently misdiagnosed cause of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Here, we present a minimally invasive therapy with selective embolization.

CASE SUMMARY

A 21-year-old male patient experienced painless rectal bleeding since childhood and was treated for ulcerative colitis. Diagnostic studies later revealed specific characteristics for vascular lesions-anorectal hemangiomas. The severity of rectal bleeding caused symptomatic anemia and possible surgical treatment was associated with a high risk of fecal incontinence. Here, we present selective embolization, a minimally invasive therapeutic approach that is proven as an alternative therapeutic method of choice. The patient significantly improved temporarily and had a small ischemic ulcer, which healed with a control colonoscopy and developed no stenosis.

CONCLUSION

Awareness of the clinical and radiological features of GI hemangiomas may help improve diagnostics and avoid inappropriate therapeutic procedures.
The Pragmatism of Practical Theology in the Conservation of the Natural Habitat:
An Ecotheology Perspective
Authors: Masoga Mogomme A.
Published: August 2024

There are concepts which have received little attention in scholarship and important aspects of real-life situations have not been addressed by believing communities. Politicians and policy makers have taken advantage of the laxity on the part of the sacred institution to both exploit and mismanage the natural habitat because the latter is preoccupied with matters of eternity at the detriment of the particularities of everyday life among communities. First, the inquiry will critically engage previous studies that have touched on ecotheology in South Africa (SA) to substantiate my arguments on the failure to address practical issues (hence, practical theology) affecting local communities and the environment. In other words, the study seeks to answer the following questions: (1) what is the contribution of the church in both the collection
and disposition of garbage in our cities? (2) what is the relevance of Practical Theology as a field of study in addressing the increase of street loitering and deterioration of sanitary conditions in our major cities? (3) Is it not possible for a church or group of churches to adopt either a community or a street in an effort to maintain it? Second, the present study seeks to decolonize the myth of erecting massive mega churches as if to suggest that God abides in a building. It is argued that the extravagant expenditure by the church could be put to better use by way of awareness campaigns against poverty, poaching, and veldt fires. Ecotheology should encompass awareness on disposing garbage. The present research utilizes the theory of constructivism.