bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENERAPAN PRINSIP “FIRST TO FILE” PADA KONSEP PENDAFTARAN MEREK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Alexander Rendy
Published: October 2022

Konsep pendaftaran merek di Indonesia menganut prinsip “First to File” yang artinya perlindungan hukum akan diberikan kepada pemilik merek yang telah mendaftarkan terlebih dahulu ke Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual pada Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Namun prinsip “First to File” dalam konsep pendaftaran merek di Indonesia dapat dikesampingkan apabila ditemukan bukti-bukti saat proses pendaftaran merek tidak beritikad baik dan melanggar peraturan perundang-undangan. Oleh karena itu prinsip “First to File” dalam konsep pendaftaran merek di Indonesia tidak berlaku absolut sebagaimana makna yang terkandung didalamnya. Selain itu prinsip tersebut seringkali digunakan oleh pihak lain untuk mendompleng merek terkenal pemilik yang sebenarnya namun belum mendaftarkan di Indonesia. Sehingga hal ini menjadi kekosongan hukum atas penerapan perlindungan hukum merek di Indonesia. Adapun penelitian ini pada hakikatnya untuk memahami dan mengidentifikasi perlindungan merek di Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode yang mendasarkan pada penelitian kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka kita dapat mengetahui dan memahami bahwasanya penerapan prinsip “First to File” dalam konsep perlindungan merek di Indonesia tidak berlaku mutlak apabila ditemukan unsur-unsur itikad tidak baik dalam proses pendaftaran merek.

The concept of trademark registration in Indonesia adheres to the principle of "First to File" which means that legal protection will be given to trademark owners who have registered first with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. However, the principle of "First to File" in the concept of trademark registration in Indonesia adheres to the principle of "First to File" which means that legal protection will be given to trademark owners who have registered first with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights. However, the principle of "First to File" in the concept of trademark registration in Indonesia can be set aside if evidence is found during the trademark registration process that is not in good faith and violates laws and regulations. Therefore, the principle of "First to File" in the concept of trademark registration in Indonesia does not apply absolutely as the meaning contained therein. In addition, this principle is often used by other parties to implement the owner's famous brand that is actually but has not yet registered in Indonesia. So that this becomes a legal vacuum for the application of brand legal protection in Indonesia. This research is essentially to understand and identify brand protection in Indonesia using methods that are based on literature research. Based on this, we can know and understand that the application of the "First to File" principle in the concept of brand protection in Indonesia does not apply absolutely if elements of bad faith are found in the trademark registration process.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN WARALABA (STUDI PADA PERJANJIAN WARALABA C’BEZT DENPASAR)
Authors: Dwiyoga I Made Parta Wedhana , Dwijayanthi Putri Triari
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendalami perlindungan hukum bagi franchisee  dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian waralaba (studi kasus pada perjanjian waralaba C’bezt Denpasar). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yakni yuridis normatif yang bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (the statute approach) dan fakta (fact approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dalam praktiknya perjanjian waralaba C’bezt belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan sesuai dengan landasan hukum waralaba yakni Peraturan Pemerintah No. 42 Tahun 2007 Tentang Waralaba dan masih ditemukan adanya pelanggaran oleh franchisor  kepada franchisee , sehingga menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan kerugian bagi franchisee . Penyelesaian kasus wanprestasi dan komitmen dalam menegakkan perlindungan hukum bagi penerima waralaba C’bezt Denpasar dilakukan melalui upaya penyelesaiannya melalui tahapan pemberitahuan, musyawarah, dan litigasi. Dalam pelaksanaan waralaba disarankan bagi franchisee  dan franchisor  harus melaksanakan kewajiban sesuai dengan perjanjian yang disepakati bersama agar kasus wanprestasi dapat diminimalisir sehingga kedua belah pihak sama-sama diuntungkan.

This study aims to explore legal protection for franchisee s in the implementation of franchise agreements (a case study on the Denpasar C'bezt franchise agreement). The type of research used is normative juridical which is descriptive in nature with the statute approach and facts (fact approach). The results of the study indicate that, in practice, the C'bezt franchise agreement has not been fully implemented in accordance with the legal basis of the franchise, namely Government Regulation no. 42 of 2007 and still found violations by the franchisor  to the franchisee , causing injustice and harm to the franchisee . Settlement of default cases and commitments in enforcing legal protection for C'bezt Denpasar franchisee s is carried out through settlement efforts through the stages of notification, deliberation, and litigation. In the implementation of franchising, it is recommended that franchisee’s and franchisor’s must carry out their obligations in accordance with mutually agreed agreements so that cases of default can be minimized so that both parties benefit equally.
PENGATURAN PEMILIHAN DESA ADAT DAN DESA DINAS DENGAN BERLAKUNYA UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA
Authors: Karma I Putu Wisnu , Satyayudha Dananjaya Nyoman
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan memberikan pemahaman pengaturan mengenai desa dalam hukum positif di Indonesia dan  mengetahui pengaturan pemilihan Desa Adat serta Desa Dinas dengan adanya Undang-Undang Desa. Metode yang dipergunakan pada artikel terkait pengaturan pemilihan Desa Adat serta Desa Dinas dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Desa ini mempergunakan jenis penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, dengan mempergunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan ataupun statute approach dalam melakukan analisis artikel ini. Hasil dari studi ini mendapatkan jika pengaturan pemilihan Desa Adat atau Desa Dinas sebenarnya telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Desa tepatnya pada Pasal 6 ayat (1). Namun terjadi konflik norma antara Pasal 6 tersebut dengan Pasal penjelasannya. Pasal 6 tidak mewajibkan masyarakat memilih salah satu baik itu desa dinas maupun desa adat. Namun, dalam penjelasan menyebutkan jika pada satu wilayah hanya ada desa ataupun desa adat. Padahal dilihat dari segi sosiologis khususnya di wilayah Bali dari berabad-abad lalu sampai saat ini ada sistem pemerintahan desa yang memiliki sifat ganda baik desa adat maupun desa dinas. Selain itu dengan adanya aturan ini tidak selaras dengan Perda Bali No. 4 Tahun 2019 yang mana keberadaan Desa Adat telah diakui dan memiliki status sebagai subyek hukum pada sistem pemerintahan Provinsi Bali. Sehingga diperlukan suatu kontruksi hukum yang mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang terjadi.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the regulation of villages in positive law in Indonesia and to know the arrangements for the election of Traditional Villages and Village Offices with the existence of the Village Law. The method used in the article related to regulating the selection of Traditional Villages and Village Offices with the enactment of the Village Law uses a normative juridical legal research type, using a statutory approach or a statute approach in analyzing this article. The results of this study show that the arrangement for the election of a Traditional Village or an Office Village has actually been regulated in the Village Law to be precise in Article 6 paragraph (1). However, there is a conflict of norms between Article 6 and the explanatory Article. Article 6 does not oblige the community to choose either official or customary villages. However, the explanation states that in one area there are only villages or traditional villages. In fact, seen from a sociological point of view, especially in the Bali region, from centuries ago to the present, there is a village government system that has dual characteristics, both customary and official villages. In addition, the existence of this rule is not in line with the Bali Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2019 in which the existence of the Traditional Village has been recognized and has a status as a legal subject in the government system of the Province of Bali. So that we need a legal construction that is able to solve the problems that occur.
LEGALITAS ABORSI BAGI KORBAN PEMERKOSAAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH DOKTER DENGAN INDIKASI MEDIS
Authors: Purnama Ningrum Komang Wahyuni , Bagiastra I Nyoman
Published: October 2022

Tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan pidana yang diidentikkan dengan kriminalisasi pengangkatan janin oleh dokter spesialis dengan gejala klinis sejauh undang-undang nomor 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan dan sertifikasi yang sah untuk kriminalisasi penghentian aborsi untuk korban penyerangan. Metode penelitian: dalam eksplorasi ini mengadopsi pengaturan eksplorasi yang sah dengan metodologi yang diterapkan dan sumber informasi pemeriksaan berasal dari internet dan tulisan ilmiah. Untuk mengatur informasi dikumpulkan dengan prosedur pengumpulan informasi dokumentasi dan diperiksa dengan metode penyelidikan kuantitatif. Berdasarkan Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa aborsi yang diperbolehkan di Indonesia adalah pengangkatan janin provocatus, lebih spesifik aborsi provocatus untuk tanda klinis atau dalam bahasa klinis disebut dengan pengangkatan janin provocatus medicalis. Ditegaskan pula bahwa tanda krisis kesehatan dalam situasi darurat yang mengancam kondisi yang benar-benar memerlukan tindakan klinis tertentu untuk menyelamatkan sang ibu. Kemudian, pada saat itu, dalam aborsi, pasien dijamin dengan payung hukum yang bergantung pada Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang kesehatan.

Objectives to know the criminal arrangements identified with the criminalization of fetal removal by specialists with clinical symptoms as far back as law number 36 of 2009 on Health and legal certification for the criminalization of termination of abortion for victims of assault. Research methods: in this exploration adopts a legitimate exploratory arrangement with the methodology applied and the source of the examination information comes from the internet and scientific writing. To organize information collected by documentation information collection procedures and examined by quantitative investigation methods. Based on the results of the study revealed that the abortion allowed in Indonesia is the removal of the fetus provocatus, more specifically provocatus abortion for clinical marks or in clinical language called fetal removal provocatus medicalis. It is also emphasized that signs of a health crisis in an emergency situation that threaten a condition that really requires certain clinical measures to save the mother. Then, at that time, in abortion, patients were guaranteed under a legal umbrella that depended on Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning on health.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PROGRAM JAMINAN KECELAKAAN KERJA TERHADAP PEKERJA HARIAN LEPAS
Authors: Prihantini Made Bella Meisya , Sarjana I Made
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja harian lepas apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja berdasarkan undang-undang ketenagakerjaan. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode penulisan hukum normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaPengaturan hukum terhadap pekerja harian lepas diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan dari Pasal 56 sampai Pasal 59 dan Perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja harian lepas apabila terjadi kecelakaan kerja sama halnya seperti perlindungan hukum yang diberikan terhadap pekerja tetap dimana pekerja harian lepas berhak mendapatkan jaminan sosial BPJS.

This paper aims to find out how the legal protection of casual daily workers in the event of an occupational accident based on labor laws. The method used is the normative legal writing method. The results of this study indicate that legal arrangements for casual daily laborers are regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower from Article 56 to Article 59 and legal protection for casual daily workers in the event of an accident as well as legal protection provided for permanent workers where casual daily workers are entitled to BPJS social security.
PEMBENTUKAN ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP INDIKASI GEOGRAFIS KOPI KINTAMANI
Authors: Nia Rahmayanti Ni Luh Putu , Sudiarta I Ketut
Published: October 2022

Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar hukum pembentukan serta pentingnya perlindungan hukum terhadap Organisasi Masyarakat Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Kopi Kintamani. Metode hukum normatif digunakan pada studi kali ini berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil studi menjelaskan bahwasanya Kopi Kintamani merupakan Indikasi Geografis yang pertama terdaftar di Indonesia. Indikasi Geografis Kopi Kintamani dikelola melalui organisasi Masyarakat Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis (MPIG). Organisasi MPIG sangat berperan penting dalam menjaga dan melindungi keberadaan Indikasi Geografis Kopi Kintamani. Organisasi MPIG telah dibentuk berdasarkan surat keputusan Bupati Bangli, namun menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 belum memuat ketentuan tentang perlindungan hukum bagi organisasi tersebut. Pemberian perlindungan hukum bagi organisasi MPIG adalah sebagai bentuk kepastian hukum untuk menghindari terjadinya pelanggaran hukum terhadap organisasi tersebut mengingat peran pentingnya dalam perlindungan Indikasi Geogragis Kopi Kintamani. Maka dari itu, pemerintahan daerah perlu membentuk kebijakan-kebijakan daerah dalam hal perlindungan Organisasi MPIG.

This writing aims to analyze the legal basis for the establishment and the importance of legal protection for the Kintamani Coffee Protection Community Organization. The normative legal method used in this study is based on legislation and literature study. The results of the study explain that Kintamani Coffee is the first registered Geographical Indication in Indonesia. Geographical Indications Kintamani coffee is managed through the Geographical Indication Protection Society (MPIG). The MPIG organization plays an important role in maintaining and protecting the existence of the Kintamani Coffee Geographical Indications. The MPIG organization has been established based on the Bangli Regent's decree, but according to Law Number 20 of 2016 it does not yet contain provisions on legal protection for the organization. The provision of legal protection for the MPIG organization is a form of legal certainty to avoid legal violations against the organization considering its important role in protecting the Kintamani Coffee Geographical Indications. Therefore, local governments need to form regional policies in terms of protecting the MPIG Organization.
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA KONSUMEN DALAM JASA PELAYANAN MEDIS BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESEHATAN
Authors: Yuliani Ketut Leona Trida , Bagiastra I Nyoman
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kajian penyelesaian sengketa pasien dan upaya penyelesaian sengketa konsumen dalam jasa pelayanan medis berdasarkan Undang-Undang Kesehatan sebagai konsumen dari jasa pelayanan medis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah hukum yuridis empiris, Jenis Pendeketan yaitu Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (The Statute Approach) dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggali sumber-sumber suatu karya yang telah ada sebelumnya. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini ialah, di dalam ke-22 bab Undang-undang Kesehatan diatur dengan jelas terkait berbagai hal-hal yang di bidang kesehatan mulai dari hal terkecil seperti definisi akan pengertian yang sering ditemui di dunia kesehatan, kemudian asas dan tujuan pembangunan kesehatan, hak yang diperoleh perseorangan dan juga kewajiban yang wajib ditanggung oleh perseorangan dalam pembangunan kesehatan dan pada upaya penyelesaian persengketaan pasien dapat dilakukan dengan jalur mediasi yang lumrah digunakan atau juga dengan jalur hukum. Dan disinilah undang-undang nomor 36 tahun 2009 mengambil perannya sebagai hukum yang mengatur peraturan terkait dunia kesehatan.

This study was conducted to find out how to study patient dispute resolution and consumer dispute resolution efforts in medical services based on the Health Law as consumers of medical services. The type of research used is empirical juridical law, the type of approach is the Legislative Approach (The Statute Approach) with data collection techniques to explore the sources of a work that has existed before. The results of this study are, in the 22 chapters of the Health Law, it is clearly regulated related to various matters in the health sector starting from the smallest things such as definitions of definitions that are often encountered in the world of health, then the principles and objectives of health development. In addition, the rights obtained by individuals as well as obligations that must be borne by individuals in health development and in efforts to resolve patient disputes can be carried out by means of mediation which are commonly used or also by legal means. And this is where law number 36 of 2009 takes on its role as the law that regulates regulations related to the world of health
PENGATURAN TEKNIS PEMBUKTIAN INSIDER TRADING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustika Komang Ayu Pradnyatiwi , Sawitri Dewa Ayu Dian
Published: October 2022

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai pengaturan pengaturan perlindungan investor pada insider trading pada pasar modal Indonesia serta untuk memberikan pengetahuan terkait pengaturan teknis pembuktian insider trading di Indonesia. Metode yang dipergunakan pada penelitian terkait pengaturan teknis pembuktian insider trading di Indonesia ini menggunakan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif, pendekatannya yakni pendekatan perundang-undangan untuk melakukan analisis isu hukum penelitian ini. Penelitian ini pada akhirnya menghasilkan yakni jika Perlindungan investor terhadap insider trading dalam pasar modal Indonesia pada hakikatnya diatur dalam UU No. 8/1995, tercantum dalam bab XI dengan judul Penipuan, Manipulasi Pasar, dan Perdagangan Orang Dalam. Konsep serupa juga terdapat pada UU No. 40/ 2007 yang mana direksi serta komisaris wajib melaksanakan tugas serta fungsi dalam keperluan perusahaan yang memiliki kesesuaian makna serta tujuan perusahaan. Selanjutnya terkait pengaturan teknis pembuktian insider trading di Indonesia belum terdapat pengaturan secara khusus sehingga memprsulit pembuktian pada kasus insider trading di Indonesia sehingga para pelaku insider trading di Indonesia dapat dengan mudah mendapatkan putusan bebas.

This study aims to provide an understanding of the regulation of investor protection against insider trading in the Indonesian capital market and to find out the technical arrangements for proving insider trading in Indonesia. The method used in this article related to the technical arrangements for proving insider trading in Indonesia uses normative juridical legal research, with a statutory approach to analyze the legal issues of this article. The result of this study is that if the protection of investors against insider trading in the Indonesian capital market is essentially regulated in Law no. 8/1995 concerning the Capital Market, it is stated in chapter XI with the title Fraud, Market Manipulation, and Insider Trading. A similar concept is also found in Article 92 paragraph (1) and Article 108 paragraph (2) of Law no. 40/2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies in which the directors and commissioners are obliged to carry out their duties and functions in the company's needs that have a conformity with the meaning and purpose of the company. Furthermore, regarding the technical arrangements for proving insider trading in Indonesia, there are no specific arrangements that make it difficult to prove in cases of insider trading in Indonesia so that the perpetrators of insider trading in Indonesia can easily get an acquittal.
PASANG SURUT IMPLEMENTASI NEGARA HUKUM DAN DEMOKRASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Pontorondo Immanuel Christian , Marwanto Marwanto
Published: October 2022

Konsep negara hukum dan demokrasi hampir seluruh negara di dunia memakai dari konsep ini sebagai konsep negara modern, termasuk negara Indonesia mengadopsi prinsip-prinsip negara hukum, sebagaimana telah dijelaskan dalam Pasal 1 ayat (3) UUD 1945 Indonesia adalah Negara hukum dan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 kedaulatan berada ditangan rakyat. Jenis dari penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normative dan penelitian kepustakaan, mengkaji undang-undang dan buku-buku hukum sebagai objek utama dalam penelitian ini. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat dipahami bahwa Indonesia sering mengalami pasang surut perubahan sistem dari sejak awal kemerdekaan sampai era reformasi. Pada reformasi ini Indonesia dalam pengimplementasiannya telah mengarah pada prinsip-prinsip negara hukum dan demokrasi yang berasaskan nilai-nilai sosial dan budaya yang tercantum dalam pancasila, meskipun di dalam perjalanannya terdapat kekurangan dan tantangan.

The concept of the rule of law and almost all countries in the world use this concept as a modern state concept, including the Indonesian state applying the principles of the rule of law, as explained in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Indonesia is a state of law and Article 1 paragraph (2) of the Constitution. 1945 is in the hands of the people. This type of research is normative legal research and library research, legal studies and legal books as the main objects of this research. The approach used is a qualitative approach. From the results of the research conducted, it can be understood that Indonesia has often experienced ups and downs in system changes since the beginning of independence until the reform era. In this reform, Indonesia in its implementation has led to the principles of the rule of law and democracy based on social and cultural values contained in Pancasila, although along the way there are shortcomings and challenges.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIHAK PENGELOLA JUAL BELI ONLINE TERHADAP KARYA CIPTA FOTOGRAFI YANG DIGUNAKAN TANPA SEIZIN PENCIPTA
Authors: Martadinata I Made Duvanda , Indrawati Anak Agung Sri
Published: October 2022

Permasalahan Kekayaan Intelektual pada perdagangan online yang juga disebut dengan e-commerce dimana pelanggaran yang sering terjadi adalah pelanggaran hak cipta fotografi. Permasalahan yang dimaksud adalah pelanggaran karya cipta fotografi yang digunakan oleh pelaku bisnis dan bagaimmana pertanggungjawaban dari pihak e-commerce terkait dengan pelanggaran hak cipta fotografi tersebut. Penulisan jurnal ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana perlindungan karya cipta fotografi yang digunakan pada e-commerce dan bagaimana tanggung jawab pihak e-commerce dalam hal pelanggaran hak cipta gambar. Metode yang digunakan pada penulisan karya ilmiah ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan mengkaji sumber primer yakni peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan sekunder dimana kasus-kasus yang memang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang ingin dikaji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap penggunaan hak cipta fotografi dakam e-commerce terdapat di dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang diatur secara umum saja dan pihak pengelola e-commerce dapat diminta tanggung jawab perdata terhadap kerugian yang dialami pencipta.

Problems of Intellectual Property in electronic commerce which is also called e-commerce where violations that often occur are copyright infringement of images used by merchants and how is the responsibility of e-commerce related to copyright infringement of the image. The purpose of this paper was to analyze how the protection of image copyrights used in e-commerce and how the responsibility of the e-commerce party in terms of copyright infringement of images. The method used in writing this scientific paper was normative research methods by examining primary sources, namely legislation and secondary materials where cases are indeed related to the problem to be studied. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that legal protection for the use of photographic copyright in e-commerce is contained in several laws and regulations that are regulated in general only and the e-commerce manager can be asked for civil responsibility for losses suffered by the creator.
ASAS KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN KONSUMEN DALAM PERJANJIAN WARALABA
Authors: Laksmi Ni Made Rahayu , Sukranatha Anak Agung Ketut
Published: October 2022

Artikel ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengkaji bagaimana keamanan dan keselamatn konsumen dalam perjanjian waralaba. Melalui kajian tersebut, dapat diketahui kembali mengenai bagaimana hubungan hukum antara pelaku usaha waralaba yang mana terdiri dari franchisor dan franchisee dengan konsumen serta bagaimana akibat hukum atas pelanggaran terhadap keamanan dan keselamatan konsumen dalam perjanjian waralaba. Penulisan menggunakan normative legal research yakni dengan mengkaji peraturan-peraturan yang relevan serta memprioritaskan sumber-sumber hukum yang sifatnya sekunder dan pendeketan secara perundang-undangan. Sesuai dengan penulisan dan penelitian yang dilakukan bahwasanya hubungan hukum yang terjalin secara langsung antara franchisor dan franchisee ada karena suatu perjanjian, yakni perjanjian waralaba. Melalui perjanjian tersebut, menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban yang berlaku bagi masing-masing pihak. Hubungan hukum antara franchisee dan konsumen (pengguna akhir) memiliki hubungan yang secara langsung, karena timbul pelaksanaan jual beli. Perjanjian menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum. Dengan itu, maka segala sesuatu yang diperjanjian, apabila tidak dapat dilaksanakan, maka pihak yang tidak melaksanakan harus bertanggungjawab.

This article is written with the aim of analyzing and examining how safety and consumer safety is in a franchise agreement. Through this study, it can be seen again about the legal relationship between franchise business actors, which consists of franchisors and franchisees with consumers and how the legal consequences for violations of consumer safety and security in franchise agreements. This writing is done using normative research methods, namely by reviewing relevant laws and regulations and prioritizing secondary sources of law and statutory approaches. In accordance with the writing and research conducted, the legal relationship that exists directly between the franchisor and the franchisee exists because of an agreement, namely a franchise agreement. Through the agreement, it creates rights and obligations that apply to each party. The legal relationship between the franchisee and the consumer (end user) has a direct relationship, because it arises from the sale and purchase. The agreement creates legal liability. With that, everything that was agreed upon, if it could not be implemented, then the party who did not implement it must be responsible.
PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DALAM KASUS ASIAN HATE DI AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Natalia Christine , Utari Anak Agung Sri
Published: October 2022

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi dari efek kasus yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat (AS) yaitu terkait kasus ujaran kebencian kepada orang Asia maupun keturunannya yang dikenal dengan istilah Asian Hate yang mendapat kecaman dari berbagai pihak internasional. Diharapkan tulisan ini mampu menambah wawasan dan pemahaman setiap kita terkait isu persoalan sosial di Amerika Serikat menurut hukum internasional. Studi ini nantinya akan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Hasil tulisan ini menunjukkan berdasarkan International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimintion (ICERD) dan Universal Decrlaration on Human Rights (UDHR) sendiri sudah lebih dulu menyatakan bahwa setiap manusia harus diperlakukan tanpa diskriminasi.

This paper is based on the effect of cases that occurred in the United States (US), namely related to cases of hate speech to Asians and their descendants known as Asian Hate which received criticism from various international parties. This paper will bring more knowledge and awareness that occurred in the United States (US), namely related to cases of hate speech to Asians and their descendants are known as Asian Hate which received criticism from various international parties. This paper will give us further insight into the social and legal issues occurring in the United States according to international law. The paper will eventually adopt a normative-law study method with a constitutional approach, case approach, and historical approach. The results of the paper have shown that based on International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimintion (ICERD) and Universal Decrlaration on Human Rights (UDHR) itself, it has been stated that every human being must be treated without discrimination.
Analyzing the use of money incomes of the population and consumer expenditure of households in the Chechen Republic in 2002–2021
Authors: RESHIEV Sulaiman S. , VAGAPOV Andi S. , KHUTUEV Isa S.-M.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article addresses the structure of using the monetary incomes of the population and household consumption expenditures of the Chechen Republic in 2002–2021. Objectives. The aim is to determine the income level of the population in the context of volume and quality of satisfaction of needs of the population and households, to make conclusions and propose measures to solve existing problems. Methods. The study draws on the comparative analysis, general scientific and economic-statistical research methods. Results. The study established that the structure of the use of monetary income and household consumption expenditures during the study period in the Chechen Republic improved significantly. There was an increase in the standard of living of the population in 2002–2021, however, at the same time, the Chechen Republic is noticeably lagging behind the average Russian level of monetary income. Conclusions. The average per capita income in the Chechen Republic is considerably lower than the average Russian level, and this gap persists during the period under analysis. Trends in the structure of the use of monetary incomes indicate a decrease in living standards in the region. Improving the standard of living of the population should become the main task of regional economic policy makers. The primary task of socio-economic policy makers in our country at all levels should be the creation of socio-economic conditions so that people would have a sufficiently high level of monetary income to meet their needs.
Turnover ratios of the world's leading publicly traded oil and gas corporations as an indicator of investment attractiveness of domestic vertically integrated oil and gas companies
Authors: SHIMKO Oleg V.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article considers the main turnover ratios of the twenty five leading publicly traded oil and gas companies from 2006 to 2018.
Objectives. The purpose is to determine the current values of the main turnover ratios of leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, to identify the key trends in their change within the studied period, to establish those factors that led to this transformation.
Methods. The study rests on methods of comparative and financial-economic analysis, and generalization of materials of consolidated income statements.
Results. The analysis of annual reports of 25 oil and gas companies enabled to determine the dynamics of changes in key turnover indicators in the stock market sector of the industry and establish the main factors that contributed to this transformation. The study period revealed a significant increase in the duration of asset turnover. The reason for such results was that the increase in the balance sheet valuation of assets outstripped the growth in net revenue. It turns out that invested capital began to take much more time to return to the industry company as net revenue from core activities. An insignificant reduction in the cash operating cycle was established, which was facilitated by an increase in the duration of payables turnover, which occurred against the background of a slight decrease in the receivables turnover time. The paper unveiled an increase in the inventory turnover period, which negatively affected the duration of the cash operating cycle. It also established that, despite the efforts of leading publicly traded oil and gas companies, the duration of asset turnover and the cash operating cycle increased quite significantly at the height of the global financial and industry crises.
Conclusions. Many leading publicly traded industry corporations have an impressive backlog to further reduce the cash operating cycle.
Developing the banking ecosystem organizational structure
Authors: LEONOV Mikhail V.
Published: October 2022

Subject. The article deals with the formation of organizational structure of the banking ecosystem.
Objectives. The aim is to develop the organizational structure of the banking ecosystem as a set of formally distributed responsibilities among divisions, designed to implement efficiently functional processes, facilitate management, and encourage innovation.
Methods. The study employs the methodology for organizational management that considers external and internal conditions of the financial institution. The design method involves the determination of core elements of the organizational structure based on the approved system of objectives for the banking ecosystem.
Results. The paper underpins the "Six Ps"organizational structure of the banking ecosystem, consisting of six conditional organizational modules: "Board", "Platform", "Partnership", "Processes", "Products", "Support". The structure reflects the optimal resource delegation arrangements within the banking ecosystem, ensuring the required integrity and coordination of activities, and facilitating the rapid response to changes in the external environment. Each module, with its technological resources, performs a set of procedures and functions that can constitute the final set of operations. The relative autonomy of modules creates prerequisites for reducing the distance between management levels and shapes conditions for increased accountability.
Conclusions. The application of the "Six Ps"modular organizational structure enables efficient allocation of functions and responsibilities of commercial bank’s divisions as part of the implementation of the banking ecosystem model.
Development of a Propensity to Self-Medicate with Over-the-Counter Medicines Scale (PSM-OTC)
Authors: Ayosanmi Oluwasola , Delbaere Marjorie , Taylor Jeff
Published: October 2022

Objective: To develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the public’s propensity to self-medicate with OTC medicines.
Method: Propensity construct items were obtained from the literature and also created as new entities. Three experts reviewed the item pool for face validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was estimated using Pearson correlation coefficients (r), Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and paired sample t-tests. Further test-retest reliability assessed the degree of change in responses in a subset of subjects from time 1 to time 2 (one month apart) for each item on the scale.
Results: From the pool, 16 items were assessed for applicability to the propensity construct. Factor Analysis identified four components and were labelled as purchase involvement, self-efficacy, awareness of care needed during self-medication, and the therapeutic usefulness of OTC medicines. The internal consistency of the 16-item scale was sufficient; overall alpha was 0.9 and each construct had an alpha of 0.7 to 0.8. Test-retest reliability coefficients (r) for the four components were reassuring, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5, while the ICC values ranged from 0.5 to 0.7. A paired sample t-test showed no statistically significant difference in the rating at the two iterations for each of the constructs, thereby suggesting good reliability of the data. Over 50% of respondents did not change their original response to the 7-point scales (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7)) for 9 out of 16 items. Factor loading from Principal Component Analysis led to the reduction of the 16-items scale to a 15-item Propensity to Self-Medicate with OTC Medicines Scale.
Conclusion: The developed tool for measuring the propensity to self-medicate with OTC medicines showed acceptable performance of internal consistency and reliability. The scale may have research potential in assessing the self-medication propensity of different cohorts of society.
Redistributive Effect and the Progressivity of Taxes and Benefits
Authors: Hérault Nicolas , Jenkins Stephen P.
Published: October 2022

We apply the Kakwani approach to decomposing redistributive effect intoaverage rate, progressivity, and reranking components, using yearly datafrom the United Kingdom covering the period of 1977-2018. We examinecash and in-kind benefits, and direct and indirect taxes. In addition, wehighlight an empirical implementation issue – the definition of the reference(pre-fisc) distribution. Drawing on an innovative counterfactual approach,our empirical analysis shows that trends in the redistributive effect of cashbenefits are largely associated with cyclical changes in average benefit rates.In contrast, trends in the redistributive effects of direct and indirect taxesare mostly associated with changes in progressivity. For in-kind benefits,changes in the average benefit rate and progressivity each played major rolesat different times.
How Accurate is the Kakwani Index in Predicting Whether a Tax or a Transfer is Equalizing?
Authors: Enami Ali , Larroulet Patricio , Lustig Nora
Published: October 2022

The Kakwani index of progressivity is commonly used to establish whetherthe effect of a specific tax or transfer is equalizing. In the presence ofreranking or Lambert’s conundrum, however, a progressive tax could beunequalizing. While it is mathematically possible for counter-intuitiveresults to occur, how common are they in actual fiscal systems? Using anovel dataset that includes fiscal-incidence results for 39 countries, we findthat the likelihood of the Kakwani index to be progressive (regressive),while the tax or transfer is unequalizing (equalizing), is minimal, except inthe case of indirect taxes: in roughly 25 per cent of our sample, regressiveindirect taxes are equalizing (sign-inconsistent cases). Additionally, thelikelihood that the Kakwani index ranks the magnitude of the impact of atax or transfer wrongly also exists but it too is small. Finally, usingregression analysis, we find that increasing the size or progressivity of aprogressive tax or transfer is equalizing and statistically robust forsign-consistent cases. For sign-inconsistent cases, the coefficient for theKakwani index is not statistically significant. In sum, although theKakwani index could yield interpretations that are inaccurate in actualfiscal systems, the risk seems small, except for indirect taxes.
Introduction
Authors: Silber Jacques , Son Hyun H.
Published: October 2022

In his Essays in Biography, Keynes (1951) wrote that"the master-economist must possess a rare combination of gifts.He must reach a high standard in several different directionsand must combine talents not often found together. He mustbe mathematician, historian, statesman, philosopher in somedegree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. Hemust contemplate the particular in terms of the general, andtouch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. Hemust study the present in the light of the past for the purposesof the future. No part of man’s nature or his institutions mustlie currently outside his regard. He must be purposeful anddisinterested in a simultaneous mood; as aloof and incorruptibleas an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician."In our eyes, Professor Nanak Kakwani, in whose honour we edited thisSpecial Issue of the Journal of Income Distribution, possesses most, if notall, of the qualities that Keynes considered essential in a good economist.
The Teacher Development: The Case Study of A Local Polytechnic Vocational College
Authors: Long Dang The
Published: October 2022

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) plays a crucial role in the structure and philosophy of Vietnam’s education, contributing significantly to the training of human resources with practical knowledge and technical skills, which well aligns with the policy orientation of the national economic development. After having transferred the governance to the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, TVET now has a relatively solid legal frameworks and initial stable development. However, the quality of TVET teachers is still not as high as expected. This study, through a case study, with both qualitative and quantitative methods, argues that although sufficient in quantity, TVET teachers are is still weak in quality. Most teachers meet both professional qualifications and additional requirements in English ​​and Information Technology, but their ability to use and apply these skills in the teaching is limited. The survey also shows that TVET institutions are doing a better job of managing teachers than attracting and providing necessary professional development for their teachers.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN GREEN ACCOUNTING DAN KINERJA LINGKUNGAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: . Kamila Ramadhani , Saputra Muhamad Sena , Wahyuni Lidia
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini guna pengujian dampak penerapan green accounting serta kinerja lingkungan pada kinerja kuangan menggunakan tata kelola perusahaan sebagai variabel moderasi. Popilasi studi ini berupa bisnis manufaktur yang tercatat di BEI (Bursa Efek Indonesia) tahun 2018 – 2021. Pemilihan sampel memakai teknik pursosive sampling dalam 3 kriteria yang mengasilkan 18 bisnis yang bisa untuk diamati dan diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil analisa menunjukan bahwa, green accounting berdampak positif pada kinerja keuangan, Kinerja lingkungan berdampak positif pada kinerja lingkungan, tata kelola bisnis memperkuat green accounting pada kinerja keuangan, dan Tata kelola perusahaan memperkuat kinerja lingkungan pada kinerja keuangan.
Abstract
 
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of implementing green accounting and environmental performance on financial performance using corporate governance as a moderating variable. The population of this study is in the form of manufacturing businesses listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2021. The sample selection uses a pursosive sampling technique in 3 criteria which results in 18 businesses that can be observed and researched. Based on the analysis results show that, green accounting has a positive impact on financial performance, environmental performance has a positive impact on environmental performance, business governance strengthens green accounting on financial performance, and corporate governance strengthens environmental performance on financial performance.
A ata notarial como instrumento probatório na usucapião extrajudicial
Authors: Almeida Marcon Denise Teresinha , Almeida Marcon Nora Gabriela
Published: October 2022

Por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica e exame da legislação de regência, este artigo objetiva analisar, de forma argumentativa e raciocínio indutivo-dedutivo, a Ata Notarial como instrumento de prova para a Usucapião Extrajudicial. Apresenta-se uma breve introdução com os aspectos históricos e as diversas modalidades de usucapião existentes na legislação brasileira. Analisa-se o procedimento previsto para a Usucapião Extrajudicial inserido no novo Código de Processo Civil. Apresenta-se o conceito de ata notarial, a sua finalidade, bem como o procedimento a ser adotado pelo Tabelião de Notas para que seja lavrada. Analisa-se a ata notarial no contexto da usucapião extrajudicial e sua importância como instrumento probatório, colaborando para a desjudicialização dos procedimentos e celeridade processual.
A inconstitucionalidade da previsão de inelegibilidade trazida pelo art. 1º, i, i, da lei complementar 64/90
Authors: De Souza Oliveira João Paulo , Araújo Fábio Roque
Published: October 2022

Os direitos políticos são direitos fundamentais. Em assim sendo, devem ser aplicados na maior medida possível. Isso significa que qualquer restrição aos direitos políticos deve ser expressa e ocorrer de acordo com os valores contidos na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Como as hipóteses de inelegibilidade só podem ser criadas pela Constituição Federal e por Lei Complementar, foi publicada a Lei Complementar 64/90. Uma hipótese de inelegibilidade, no entanto, será destacada no presente artigo, a do art. 1?, I, i, da Lei Complementar 64/90, sobre a qual incide a questão: é essa hipótese citada de restrição aos direitos políticos compatível com a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil? O trabalho científico, através do método lógico-sistemático e utilizando-se da análise de doutrina e jurisprudência. Os capítulos foram divididos em introdução, seguido da discussão acerca da reconstrução dos direitos políticos na Constituição Federal de 1998, tendo a garantia constitucional do princípio da Presunção do Estado de Inocência na sequência e o aprofundamento do tema no quarto capítulo intitulado inconstitucionalidade do art. 1?, I, i, da Lei Complementar 64/90, além das considerações finais. A pesquisa conclui sinalizando para um cenário de inconstitucionalidade do art. 1?, I, i, da Lei Complementar 64/90.
Efektivitas Sistem Keuangan Desa dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Keuangan Desa Mantigola
Authors: Ria Husriah
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the village financial system in improving the financial performance of Mantigola Village. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The sampling technique is observation, interviews and documentation. The data was processed using a qualitative descriptive method.

 The results of the research on the Village Financial System Application (Siskeudes) have been successfully implemented in Mantigola Village, measured from the availability of human resources and the existing facilities and infrastructure in Mantigola Village are adequate to apply this application. The application of the Village Financial System (Siskeudes) application in Mantigola village has been said to be successful, because in its application the Village Financial System application (Siskeudes) in Mantigola village has helped the Mantigola village government in improving village financial management to be more efficient and also the application of the Financial System The village (Siskeudes) can improve the transparency of the Mantigola village government in managing village finances for the better.
The Influence of Firm Size, Audit Firm Size and Audit Opinion Towards Audit Delay
Authors: Nurul Faizah Wynne , Ferisha Friska , Belinda Cynthia , Meiden Carmel
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine whether the effect of firm size, KAP size and KAP size on audit delay. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques with meta-analysis methods. The data of this study were obtained from observations of student thesis and journals at several universities related to the topic of audit delay. The results of this study indicate that the size of the company has a significant effect on audit delays, the size of the public accounting firm shows an influence on audit delays, and audit opinion has a significant effect on audit delays. So it can be said that the results of integrating several studies with meta-analysis show that there is an effect of size, size of KAP and audit opinion that is invested during the audit.