bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Ideal Religion for an Ideal State
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation, Afonasina Anna
Published: January 2021

All of us have an idea of the ideal conditions in which we would like to live. They will vary according to the degree of ambition and level of education. However, people have common wishes since we don’t live in isolation (perhaps with rare exceptions) and we require guarantees from other people that they are willing to accept certain rules and conditions for the best possible coexistence. Plato was the first to look for such general or even necessary requirements to create an ideal social structure. He considers different aspects of social reality – the division of society into classes, the specifics of upbringing and education, even the physical structure of the city and its religion. The article is devoted to the consideration of religious practices, associated cult activities and holidays. In ancient Greece, religion permeated all areas of human life. It would be more correct to say that religion simply did not exist separately from everyday life. Of course, we can distinguish major religious events in the form of solemn organised processions marking the change of seasons, dedicated to the harvest or some other memorable dates. But more often, religious practices were tightly woven into people’s lives, so that even political and military actions were accompanied by an offering to the gods or consultation with the oracle. Understanding the role that religious activity plays in educating citizens, Plato does not seek to create an entirely new popular religion, but as a philosopher interested in the common good, he begins to interpret the images of traditional Greek gods differently. He focuses most of his attention on Zeus, Dionysus and Aphrodite. By comparing traditional notions of the gods with the way Plato portrays them, we conclude that the philosopher has done serious work to rationalise their images. Zeus ceases to be a famous womanizer and head of Olympus, and acquires the traits of a creator, the only good god who is incapable of any evil or injustice. The raucous fun, dancing and intoxication that used to be the cause of many misfortunes and associated with Dionysus are now being declared useful in terms of testing strength and honesty on the one hand, and, on the other, are understood as a necessary means of getting rid of negative energy and bringing people together. The uncontrolled erotic desire sent by Aphrodite is seen by Plato as behavior that is unacceptable in the citizens of an ideal state, and so he develops the doctrine of the two Aphrodites, heavenly and vulgar, in which the heavenly Aphrodite is declared to be a certain stimulus that leads the soul to the supreme good.
Rock-Culture as a Method of Entering into Post-Industrial Culture
Authors:   Perm State Institute of Culture, Russian Federation, Dyukin Sergey
Published: January 2021

Rock-music and rock-culture, which is formed on its basis, are methods of entering into culture of post-industrial society described by D. Bell, E. Toffler, F. Fukuyama and others. The correlation between rock-culture and post-industrial culture is established in the aspects of values, rules, practices and identities. In rock culture we can see the formation of the following values: creativity, initiative and individualism. Independence of creativity becomes an ethic imperative. It is more important than techniques and professionalism, which are characteristic of industrial culture. Exaggerated prevalence of innovation over playing tradition strengthens the status and role of the author striving for the permanent re-creation of his own image and style. Another quality, which helps rock culture penetrate into postindustrial society, is assimilation of daily routine by creative activity. This factor initiates consciousness emancipation and breakdown of hierarchical social structures. Rock-culture, as well as post-industrial society, experiences decentralization, de-synchronization and de-standardization. Such social-cultural disorder correlates with marginalization of rock-culture. It forms amateurism as a normative attitude that is opposed to professionalism. Finally the above-mentioned changes entail the collapse of the existing “big” identities, which are substituted by “small group” identities in rock-culture characterized by small potential for internalization. This change of identities, their overlapping triggers the formation of mental plurality, tolerance to mutually exclusive values, normative settings, practices and symbols. Mental pluralism allows a person to change quickly life strategies, respond to external challenges. The stable boundaries between private and public, between art and everyday life are being destroyed in the rock-culture. At the same time, the author highlights the fact that within rock culture entering post-industrial culture is carried out by non-linear way, with expenses and contradictions.
Leonardo Da Vinci. The Apology of Eye
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Mayorova Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to Leonardo da Vinci’s “eye is less deceived than any other sense” maxima. Leonardo’s belief about painting being the most perfect instrument for one’s ontology and epistemology is shown. Based on Leonardo da Vinci’s “Treatise on Painting”, a compilation of Leonardo’s works, the author explores how visual arts (and painting in particular) had come up to the forefront of the Italian Renaissance. Moreover, it is shown how painting takes a leading cultural role in Europe even to this day following the Renaissance. The article reveals why Leonardo da Vinci viewed painting to be better than science, mechanical arts and other liberal arts. The article considers the possibility of transforming personal experience into the universal experience of mankind. It also considers the focus on experience, direct comprehension of reality and varietà concept. The article is dedicated to the peculiarity of Leonardo’s art style, including its unique sfumato technique and chiaroscuro. The article also deals with the idea of Leonardo being the personification of the Renaissance’s creativity. As a result, he was the one who encapsulated the Renaissance period and simultaneously laid the foundation for further development of the arts for several centuries.
Ritual as a Way of Transmitting the Ideas of New Spirituality
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Redin Fedor
Published: January 2021

The article is focused on the ritual practice of “NamMaReal”, the analysis of which allows to make a conclusion, that contemporary spirituality (also known as “new”, “post-secular”) can be transmitted through the ritual, which is similar to a religious one, despite the fact that religion and spirituality are mostly contraposed nowadays. The article presents the results of a qualitative study of “NamMaReal” based on the method put forward by A. Strauss and J. Corbin, with the help of which the author makes a conclusion that “NamMaReal” can be considered as a ritual of contemporary spirituality. The process of gathering the data and analytical procedures demonstrated great potential of qualitative research strategies in the empirical study of the phenomenon. The observation that lasted for one year and a series of interviews with participants in the practice and the subsequent categorization of the data obtained empirically revealed the presence in the worldview of participants of such semantic units as monism, the holistic nature of the worldview, the paramount role of personal experience and the path to individual truth, focus on achieving comfort and success in earthly life. It is established that NamMaReal has a pronounced three-part structure “concept-climax-denouement,” which, in accordance with their actual content, can be described in terms of the pre-liminal, liminal, and post-liminal stages highlighted by V. Turner in his theory of ritual. The presence in the structure of the event and specific symbolic actions of the elements of creativity of all participants, regardless of their ritual status, the dramatic filling of what is happening with their interactions and experiences, allows us to define NamMaReal as performance and agree with R. Schechner in his view on the performative foundations of ritual practices.
INFLUENCE OF WORKING MEMORY AND SPEECH PERCEPTION ABILITY ON HEARING AID USE AND BENEFIT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Dwarakanath Vikas , P Manjula
Published: January 2021

Background

Hearing aids are equipped with many features to improve the speech perception abilities in quiet as well as in challenging situations. Despite that, older adults who use and benefit from hearing aids remain less satisfied. The present study focuses on aspects such as working memory, speech perception in noise (SNR-50), hearing aid usage, and its impact on perceived hearing aid benefit in older adults.

Material and methods

Digit backward test and speech perception in noise test were administered on 34 older adults having mild to moderately-severe sensorineural hearing loss who were naïve users of hearing aids. The participants were divided into good and poor performers based on SNR-50. Two months later, the same tests were repeated along with administration of International Outcome Inventory - Hearing Aids (IOI-HA).

Results

There was a significant difference in working memory and speech perception in noise with hearing aid outcome measures. It was also seen that individuals with better working memory and lower SNR-50 scores benefited more from a hearing aid. Cognition plays an important role in determining the amount of benefit derived from hearing aids in older adults.

Conclusions

The present study highlights the importance of measuring working memory and speech perception abilities in older adults with hearing loss before fitting a hearing aid. These measures have a significant role in counselling about the realistic expectations of benefits from a hearing aid.
COMPARING BEHIND-THE-EAR AND SINGLE-UNIT COCHLEAR IMPLANT AUDIO PROCESSORS IN 83 NEWLY IMPLANTED SUBJECTS
Authors: Godey Benoit , Darrouzet Vincent , Ruben Hermann , Mosnier Isabelle , Poncet Christine , Schmerber Sébastien , Truy Eric , Venail Frédéric , Vincent Christophe , Péan Vincent
Published: January 2021

Background

The RONDO is a single-unit device that merges both the OPUS 2 behind-the-ear audio processor and the coil into a single housing. The study aims to assess the perceived auditory abilities and opinions of newly implanted subjects using the OPUS 2 and/or the RONDO in everyday life.

Material and methods

We studied 83 newly implanted subjects who received the RONDO and OPUS 2 and were free to use whichever processor they preferred or a combination of the two. User satisfaction was evaluated after at least 4 weeks of use (after the first fitting) using the device-specific RONDO questionnaire.

Results

Results showed that 77% of subjects were satisfied with the RONDO in general, and 92% of subjects either preferred to use the RONDO or liked both audio processors equally while wearing eyeglasses. Overall, 91% of subjects would recommend the RONDO to other CI users. RONDO was significantly (p<0.05) preferred at home, for cultural events, or when wearing glasses; OPUS 2 was preferred for sport or while wearing a cap.

Conclusions

The RONDO was associated with a high degree of user satisfaction among newly implanted CI users and offers CI users further options in terms of wearer comfort and cosmetic appearance. Thus, CI users can, if they wish, switch from the OPUS 2 to the RONDO without affecting their hearing ability or speech understanding.
EVALUATION OF WIDEBAND ABSORBANCE TYMPANOMETRY IN ADULTS WITH ABNORMAL POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE MIDDLE EAR PRESSURE
Authors: Karuppannan Arunraj , Barman Animesh
Published: January 2021

Background

Middle ear pressure plays a vital role in the transmission of sound to the inner ear. However, limited research data exists to understand the effect of abnormal middle ear pressure on wideband absorbance (WBA) tympanometry. The purpose of the study was to evaluate WBA at peak pressure and ambient pressure in adults with abnormal positive and negative middle ear pressure and compare them with normal adult ears having normal middle ear pressure.

Material and methods

Three groups of adults – normal middle ear pressure group (56 ears), negative middle ear pressure group (30 ears), and positive middle ear pressure group (15 ears) – in the age range 22 to 50 years were considered. WBA was measured at peak and ambient pressures across the frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz.

Results

WBA at peak pressure was observed to be higher than at ambient pressure in all the groups, with the difference seen mostly at low and mid-frequencies up to 2000 Hz. The negative middle ear pressure group showed the most considerable difference in mean WBA, seen between 600 Hz and 1000 Hz, followed by the positive middle ear pressure group, with a negligible difference for the normal middle ear pressure group.

Conclusions

The study highlighted the importance of measuring WBA at peak pressure and ambient pressure. The results suggest that the comparison of WBA at peak and ambient pressures, especially from lower to mid-frequencies up to 2000 Hz, would help in differentiating abnormal negative/positive pressure from normal middle ear pressure and also between ears having negative and positive pressure.
COMPARISON OF N1P2 CORTICAL AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL AND NARROW-BAND CHIRP AUDITORY STEADY STATE POTENTIAL IN HEARING THRESHOLD DETECTION IN ADULTS
Authors: Dabbous Abeir , El-Shennawy Amira , Hamdy Mona , Nabieh Shimaa
Published: January 2021

Background

Various auditory evoked potential techniques have been explored as a means of objectively predicting the behavioral audiogram in groups of subjects who cannot provide reliable or accurate behavioral results. The tone-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) cannot differentiate between severe and profound SNHL, whereas the auditory steady state response (ASSR) can provide threshold information in a frequency-specific manner at intensity levels of 120 dBSPL. The cortical auditory evoked potential (N1P2 CAEP) has shown advantages over the ABR and ASSR.

Objectives

To assess the ability of the N1P2 cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) to estimate the hearing threshold level at different frequencies, in normal hearing adults and adults with different degrees of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL); and to compare it to the auditory steady state response (ASSR).

Methods

This study included 90 subjects (180 ears), grouped into 6 groups according to the degree of hearing obtained by pure tone audiometry (PTA). Hearing threshold was then measured using N1P2 CAEP and ASSR.

Results

N1P2 CAEP and ASSR were highly correlated to PTA at all frequencies. However, N1P2 CAEP predicted behavioral thresholds more accurately than ASSR at all frequencies, especially at 500 and 1000 Hz in the normal hearing group and for all degrees of SNHL. N1P2 CAEP was equally accurate at all frequencies and predicted behavioral thresholds better at more severe degrees of SNHL at 1, 2, and 4 kHz.

Conclusions

The N1P2 CAEP can be reliably used as an objective method for estimating the behavioral hearing threshold, yielding more accurate results than the ASSR, especially at lower frequencies and with more severe degrees of hearing loss. We therefore recommend using the N1P2 CAEP in estimating the behavioral threshold in difficult-to-test adults.
AUDIO-VESTIBULAR FINDINGS IN AN ADULT WITH ARNOLD–CHIARI MALFORMATION
Authors: Prabhu Prashanth , Anish Anu , Vijayan Devika , Shiju Annika , S P Shanthala , Sreenivas Ramadevi
Published: January 2021

Background

Arnold–Chiari malformation is defined as a congenital neuroanatomic deformity of the craniocervical junction, which is characterized by herniation of contents from the posterior cranial fossa through the foramen magnum into the cervical spinal canal. There is limited literature on audiological and vestibular evaluation on individuals with Arnold–Chiari malformation. Thus, the present study reports the results of a detailed audio-vestibular evaluation in an adult female diagnosed with Arnold–Chiari malformation.

Case report

A detailed audio-vestibular evaluation was carried out in an adult female diagnosed with Arnold–Chiari malformation. Pure tone audiometry, immittance evaluation, otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem response (ABR), cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT) were recorded, and the results were analyzed. The results of the study showed an abnormal prolongation of inter-peak latencies in the ABR, which was seen in both ears. Also, cVEMP and oVEMP was absent in both ears. The results suggest possible compression of the cerebellar tonsils on the cochlear and vestibular nuclei.

Conclusions

The study suggests that individuals with Arnold–Chiari malformation should undergo a detailed audio-vestibular evaluation to understand the pathophysiology of the disorder, which can guide further management.
The relationship of tumor microenvironment and clinico-pathological parameters in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer
Authors: Čamdžić Nina , Kuskunović-Vlahovljak Suada , Radović Svjetlana , Dorić Mirsad , Babić Mirsad , Lazović Salčin Edina , Spahić Amir
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in tumor progression. Tumor stroma is one of the strongest modifiers of tumor cell response, cancer behavior, and cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) with standard clinicopathological parameters in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Methods: Ninety biopsy samples of primary breast cancer diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sarajevo, were selected for this study. The molecular subtype was determined based on the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki-67. Stromal and tumoral MMP-9 immunohistochemical expression and the TSR were determined for each tumor.Results: Tumoral MMP-9 expression correlated positively with the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p= 0.016). TSR showed significant association and correlation with tumor grade (G) (p= 0.031; p= 0.049) and tumor size (pT) (p = 0.049;p= 0.021, respectively). Stromal MMP-9 expression correlated with histologic type, histologic grade of tumor, and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p= 0.021;p= 0.047, p= 0.038, respectively). A higher percentage of stromal MMP-9 expression correlated with the strongest lymphocytic response (p = 0.007). Significant correlation was observed between molecular subtypes and histologic grade of the tumor (p= 0.032).Conclusion: Our results, to some extent, confirm the significance of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, especially when it is about stromal MMP-9 expression. Although we observed significant association, without linear correlation, we found no significant correlation between molecular subtypes of breast cancer and MMP-9 expression.
Факторы эффективности работы бюрократии в субъектах РФ
Authors: Сунгуров Александр Юрьевич , Тиняков Даниил Кириллович
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена выявлению характеристик политической и административной систем, влияющих на эффективность работы чиновников в регионах РФ. В работе статистическими методами тестируются гипотезы о связи эффективности региональной бюрократии с региональным политическим режимом, финансовой зависимостью от центра, заработной платой чиновников и их удельным количеством. Результаты демонстрируют значимое влияние всех отмеченных факторов, причем характер связи ожидаем не во всех случаях.
Краудсорсинг в процессе функционирования городских сообществ
Authors: Соколов Александр Владимирович , Комаров Олег Евгеньевич
Published: January 2021

В статье анализируется использование краудсорсинга в процессе функционирования городских сообществ. Возможности краудсорсинга применяются для решения задач различного спектра: проведение экспертной оценки, создание уникального контента, генерация идей и решений, быстрое разрешение существующих проблем и т.д. При всем этом, компетентность участвующих в проекте людей не имеет определяющего значения. В статье выделяются показатели успешного проекта краудсорсинга. Проведённая операционализация понятия «краудсорсинг» позволила выявить следующие его показатели: общность цели как кооперация разноплановых граждан для решения единой цели; оперативная и горизонтальная коммуникация; нефинансовая мотивация (использование социальных мотивов привлечения граждан к функционированию проекта); минимальное количество затраченных ресурсов; получение новых знаний, генерация идей и решений; отсутствие юридических соглашений и договоров. На их основе проводится анализ использования инструментов краудсорсинга тремя городскими сообществами Ярославля: «TEXTIL», ЯРОПСО «Партизан» и «YarSnowBOARDING club».
Проблема установления причинно-следственных связей в киберпсихологии в контексте психологических особенностей игроков в компьютерные игры
Authors: Богачева Наталия Вадимовна
Published: January 2021

Компьютерные игры становятся все более популярным видом досуга среди людей разного возраста и социального статуса. В свою очередь, психологические последствия увлечения компьютерными играми, как негативные (зависимость, агрессивность, импульсивность, снижение эмпатии), так и позитивные (развитие пространственных способностей, внимания, скорости переключения между задачами) являются предметом множества дискуссий не только в психологии и смежных науках, но и в обществе в целом. Однако, как при разработке теорий, так и при проведении эмпирических исследований не всегда является возможным установление явных причинно-следственных связей между игрой в компьютерные игры и изменениями в психике человека. В данной работе описываются основные направления психологических исследований компьютерных игр и игроков, и предпринимается попытка соотнести их с критическими статьями, уточняющими или предоставляющими альтернативные объяснения для описываемых закономерностей. Цель данного обзора заключается в формировании у читателя более объемного и объективного взгляда на проблему влияния компьютерной игровой деятельности на психику игроков, что представляется особенно актуальным в виду повсеместного распространения компьютеров и других игровых устройств.
Влияние сообществ в социальных сетях на публикацию электронных петиций и их распространение)
Authors: Видясова Людмила Александрона , Новиков Дмитрий Михайлович
Published: January 2021

Тематика электронного участия граждан в принятии политических решений является довольно популярной как за рубежом, так и в России. По данным последних международных исследований факторов, способствующих развитию инструментов электронного участия, социальные сети выделяются в качестве катализаторов привлечения новых пользователей к площадкам электронного участия. В статье приводятся результаты сравнительного исследования сообществ в социальной сети ВКонтакте, посвященных государственному и негосударственному порталам электронных петиций. В исследовании был применен метод автоматизированного краулинга сообществ, а также инструментарий теории графов.
Research and Development of Simulation Methods and Animation of Three-Dimensional Objects
Authors: Chernyshov L.N. , Zakharova E.D.
Published: January 2021

The article discusses already known methods of modeling three-dimensional objects with their subsequent animation. A combined modeling method is proposed, which includes the features of known methods, which reduces the design time of the model, while maintaining its realism.
Practical Realization of Algorithm of Oriented Graph Paths Decomposition
Authors: Zolotarev I.A. , Rasskazova V.A.
Published: January 2021

This study aims to clarify the methodological status program realization of oriented graph paths decomposition. Algorithms of matrix formulation of decomposition table M from multitude of paths, table sorting by NΣ and balance computing explored. On the basis of those algorithms and original algorithm of oriented graph paths decomposition realized Python 3 program. Results for random-generated graph size of 100 vertices computed and time measured. The results obtained can be used to solve the problem of organizing freight rail transportation at the stage of assignment and movement of locomotives. The scientifi c and practical novelty of the work lies in a signifi cant reduction in the dimension of the original problem, which is especially important in the conditions of transport networks of complex topology.
The composition of popular whitening toothpastes through the eyes of a chemist
Authors: Bordina Galina E. , Lopina N. P. , Blinova A. V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of analysis of the composition of popular toothpastes for home teeth whitening. Chemical aspects of dentistry procedure of whitening teeth are considered, original authors schemes of ion-changes and oxidative process are given, which happen with it.
Comparative characteristics of the results of facial morphometry in patients with deep incisal overlap in the treatment of bracket systems and eliners
Authors: Maksyukov S. Yu. , Pilipenko Nadezhda D. , Pilipenko K. D.
Published: January 2021

The relevance of studying the problem of deep incisal overlap (HF) among dentofacial anomalies (CCA) is due to the high prevalence of this pathology. Among modern methods of orthodontic treatment of pathology, the use of bracket systems and aligners is highlighted. The effectiveness of these techniques can be compared in determining the morphometric characteristics obtained by tele-radiography (TEG).Material and methods. The study involved 118 people with hydraulic fracturing, the average age was 38.7 8.5 years (64 women; 54 men). The first group consisted of 49 patients who underwent correction of AFA with eliners; second, 69 patients with bracket systems. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, TRG was performed. To present the results, in the case of quantitative characteristics, the arithmetic mean of the sample value (X) and the error of the mean (m) were calculated. For qualitative signs, the frequency of the sign (%) and its standard error (m%) were calculated.Results: The values ​​of the mandibular angle (G, ArGoMe), and the angles AB / ANS (AB / SpP), APg / ANS (MM), as well as the vertical dimensions of the jaws reached values ​​characteristic of an orthognathic bite. Angle increase SNB, NSL / ML4; angle reduction ANB.Output. Elimination of a deep bite is possible both with the use of bracket systems and aligners.
Clinical case of surgical treatment of patient with toxic phosporus osteonecrosis of maxilla
Authors: Medvedev Yu. A. , Ispiryan Davit Kh. , Zakharova I. V. , Petruk P. S.
Published: January 2021

During the last few years on the territory of the Russian Federation, the number of cases of toxic phosphoric osteonecrosis of the jaws illicit use of drugs of artisanal production (pervitin, desomorphin). The aim of our study was to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of a patient diagnosed of toxic phosphorus necrosis of the maxilla. We performed a comprehensive treatment of a patient with a history of drug addiction and the above diagnosis. We performed complete resection of pathologically altered tissues and reconstructive techniques using local tissues and a replaced flap. This achieves good esthetic and functional results in the early and late postoperative period. Thus, we can use our proposed method of surgical treatment in similar clinical situations.
Chronic periodontitis and ischemic heart disease: morphofunctional relation-ships
Authors: Eremin Andrey V. , Lepilin A. V. , Lipatova T. E. , Kvetnoy I. M.
Published: January 2021

The relationship between periodontal diseases and cardiovascular pathology is actively being studied. The clinical significance of tissue markers of endothelial dysfunction in acute or chronic periodontitis needs to be clarified.

Materials and methods. The results of the examination of 65 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CP), 35 patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), and 35 patients with combined pathology including CHD and CP were presented. Clinical instrumental examination, assessment of the functional state of the endothelium, immunohistochemical, and morphometric studies were performed.

Results. Patients with moderate CP were characterized by functional changes in the endothelium, decreased expression of the vasodilating factor (e-NO-synthase), and endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+cells) in the vascular wall. In patients with CHD without periodontitis, there was also a decrease in the expression and optical density of endothelial NO-synthase and endothelial progenitor cell in the periodontal vessels.

Conclusion. Apparently, changes in the expression of endothelial NO-synthase and endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+cells) in the vascular wall are generalized, and the gum can serve as a promising material for the early assessment of endothelial dysfunction.
Experience with the use of collagen materials in surgical dentistry
Authors: Muzikin Maksim I. , Mishchuk D. Y. , Levin S. A. , Iordanishvili A. K.
Published: January 2021

The article presents comparative data from a clinical study on the healing of jaw bone wounds in patients with various dental diseases. Postoperative deficiency in healing after surgery took place under a blood clot, in the presence of a modern optimizer for bone regeneration, based on type 1 xenocollagen, as well as its combination with autologous blood products. A comparison of the treatment results when filling the bone defects after removing the extracted teeth is shown; filling cavities after cystectomy, including with resection of the apex of the root, and filling the material with alveoli to prevent post-extraction atrophy. The article presents generalized data on the use of xenocollagen type 1 and clinical cases. The combined use of platelet-rich fibrin with collagen biomaterials makes the use of type 1 xenocollagen in the form of crumbs in clinical practice more convenient. The plasticity and higher rate of solidification of such a graft allow it to be used in bone cavities of any size, and for all types of dental procedures.
Animal models of chronic pain. In vivo experiments
Authors: Khinovker V. V. , Khinovker E. V.
Published: January 2021

As a result of population aging and increasing of comorbide patients procent, chronic pain nowadays is the one of the most important medical problems and its treatment becoming one of progressive and popular researching topics. First part of acute or chronic pain research is a model that meets the specified criteria. First model of cronic pain sciatic nerve damaging was founded and proven more than 30 years ago. Nowadays there is a lot of in vivo and in vitro models that matched with different pathologies and also mechanisms of chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain on different levels have been learned. In this article we review the most effective and often used rat models of chronic pain its mechanisms and assessment methods. The information based on the most citated articles for 10 years.
Barrier membranes for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Kulakov A. A. , Badalyan V. A. , Khamraev Tursunbay K. , Kasparov A. S. , Brutyan V. A.
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to review the possibilities of using the various types of membranes currently available and used in the guided bone regeneration procedure. Literary sources were analyzed, including English-language articles from the pubmed and elibrary information portals. For horizontal defects, it is most preferable to use resorbable membranes with various modifications of surgical techniques, while for vertical defects, the use of wire-frame non-reabsorbable membranes is most acceptable.
Urticaria-like rash in a patient with COVID-19 associated pneumonia of moderate severity: aspects of pathogenesis
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina V. , Smirnova L. M. , Melikova N. I. , Popova K. Yu.
Published: January 2021

In mid 2020, the number of new coronavirus (COVID-19) cases has exceeded globally six million. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection are numerous mostly causing damage to the bronchopulmonary system in the form of a dry cough, rhinitis, dyspnea, fever, myalgia, and general weakness. Skin manifestations of COVID-19 are rare and currently include five types of skin lesions occurring during the infection process, which are reliably recorded in only a limited number of case reports and certain analytical publications. This article describes the clinical case of a 28-year-old patient with urticaria-like disseminated rash and confirmed COVID-19-associated pneumonia.
PROSPECTIVE METHODS OF VITILIGO TREATMENT (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Davletshina Alina Yu. , Lomonosov K. M
Published: January 2021

A systematic review of modern methods of treatment of vitiligo is presented. Treatment of vitiligo is a difficult task. The data of various studies are shown. It has been revealed that during the treatment of associated diseases, positive effects of vitiligo in the form of pigmentation recovery from some drugs are noticed. Therefore, many drugs are considered not only as promising vitiligo treatment, but also as independent. The purpose of this article is to update information in the treatment of vitiligo, including existing and new methods.
FURUNCULOID MYIASIS, DIFFICULTIES IN DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Kochergin N. G , Snarskaya Elena S. , Arsentyev N. S , Shnakhova L. M
Published: January 2021

Dermatozoonoses are skin diseases caused by arthropod pathogens. This group of skin diseases creates a particular diagnostic problem. Dermatozoonoses include deep and superficial skin changes. Superficial skin changes occur at the sites of bites or after contact with poisonous animals. Deep skin changes occur due to the penetration of the parasite into the skin. A prime example of this disease is dermatobiasis. It is an obligate myiasis, caused by the larvae of Dermatobia hominis flies (Oestridae family) that inhabit mostly in forests of Central and South America. A clinical case of the development of furunculoid myiasis in a russian geologist on a business trip to Argentina is presented.
MODERN UNDERSTANDING OF THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN MICROBIOTA IN VARIOUS DERMATOSES
Authors: Orlova Ekaterina V. , Zybareva A. S , Smirnova L. M , Kayumova L. N , Martynenko D. M
Published: January 2021

The skin ecosystem (microbiome) is a complex environment represented by a diverse community of microorganisms with various mechanisms of interaction with each other and the epidermis. The structure of colonization varies depending on the localization on the skin and environmental changes. There is a complex mechanism of the indirect influence of microorganisms through Toll-like receptors (TLR2) in the skin on the activation of the cascade of reactions leading to the production of antimicrobial peptides. This is the basis for the development of chronic inflammation, provoking mechanisms of carcinogenesis in skin cells. The mechanisms of influence of the commensal flora on the skin condition, the change in its regenerative capabilities have been little studied. Modern ideas about the importance of skin microbiota in the mechanisms of development of frequently occurring dermatoses are presented.
Clinical and morphological characteristics of lichen planus and lichenoid drug eruption of the skin
Authors: Zaslavsky Denis V. , Sidikov A. A. , Sadykov A. I. , Chuprov I. N. , Kozlova D. V. , Nasyrov R. A. , Timoshchuk E. A.
Published: January 2021

Background: Lichen ruber planus (LP) and lichenoid skin reaction (LSR) are clinically and histologically similar. The performance of histological diagnosis in these diseases remains controversial.
Materials and methods: We prospectively studied 33 patients with clinical manifestations and histological signs of the classic form of LP and LSR to assess the accuracy of an isolated histological LP and LSR examinations and to identify a variety of microscopic features. Each histological study was conducted by a pathomorphologist, who was blinded to the patients clinical characteristics and diagnosis.
Results: Isolated histopathological examination made it possible to make a correct diagnosis in 25 (75%) of 33 patients: in particular, the diagnosis of LRC was established in 10 (30%), CPL-in 15 (45%) cases. Based on a combined assessment of histological and clinical data and response to therapy, the final diagnosis was established in 30 (91%) of the 33 patients who were divided into two groups. The first group comprised 18 patients diagnosed with LSR, and the second group comprised 12 patients diagnosed with the classic form of LP.
Conclusions: Through this investigation, some differences in these diseases based on their clinical and pathomorphological features were identified. The diseases were characterized by different typical localizations and lesion sizes. The pathomorphology of both diseases is represented by lichenoid type of interface dermatitis.
Age-related changes in the lower third of the face considering anatomical and physiological aspects and morphotypes of skin aging
Authors: Teplyuk N. P. , Lebedeva Serafima V.
Published: January 2021

All areas and tissues of the face will go through age-related changes; however, aging occurs at a faster rate in the lower third of the face than in other areas. This study presents the anatomical and physiological aspects of age-related changes in all areas and tissues of the face, mainly in the lower third, such as the skin, subcutaneous fat, muscular-aponeurotic system, deep layers of adipose tissue, and bone structures of the face. Involutional changes were differentiated by taking into account the constitutional and architectonic features of the face. Heterochronous and heterotopic characteristics of age-related changes, cutaneous, and treatment components of facial aging were identified. The most commonly used visual scales to assess cosmetic effects and determine chronological aging included global aesthetic improvement scale, Glogau scale, Fitzpatrick wrinkle classification, and Merz visual 5-point aging scale. According to the classification of age-related changes proposed by Kolgunenko, five morphotypes of aging are distinguished: tired, wrinkled, deformation, mixed, and muscular. Understanding the pathogenesis of involutional changes in the lower third of the face in patients with different morphotypes of aging allows for an objective and individualized choice of optimal therapy methods.
Rehabilitation forecast markers: complex assessment of damaged brain using electroencephalogram (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP)
Authors: Shpichko Andrey I. , Shpichko Nadezhda P. , Bosenko Sergey A.
Published: January 2021

Identifying rehabilitatory prognosis markers while the patient is in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an important diagnostic task that rehabilitation program depends on. Post-coma recovery procedures reintegrate functions of damaged brain regions in patients with consciousness disorders and aim for improving thalamocortical interactions in terms of neuroplasticity. In this paper we study electroencephalographic (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) data of 50 patients with post-coma consciousness disorders as a result of severe brain damage. The reasons for consciousness disorders in studied patients include acute blood circulation arrest, traumatic brain injury and brain hypoxia. Patients were diagnosed with EEG and SSEP on the day of arrival to ICU and between 35th and 45th day of their stay in the hospital. As a result of this study, we identified neuroplasticity markers related to rehabilitatory process on the basis of assessment of data produced by widely accessible neurophysiological methodologies.
The use of indicators of the regeneration of decubital ulcers in a comprehensive assessment of the nutritional status of patients in a chronic critical illness
Authors: Yakovleva Alexandra V. , Altuhov Evgenij L. , Gorshkov Kirill M. , Yakovlev Alexey A. , Osmanov Jel'han G. , Shestopalov Alexandr E. , Shulutko Alexandr M. , Shchelkunova Inessa G. , Gandybina Elena G.
Published: January 2021

Background: Thanks to advances in emergency medical and surgical care, the number of patients experiencing acute critical illnesses is increasing. However, a group of patients in the so-called chronic critical illness (CCI) was formed. In this category of patients, the problem of treating decubital ulcers is relevant, since they are characterized by a combination of prolonged immobilization, severe protein catabolism, neuroendocrine and metabolic disorders, protein-energy malnutrition (PEN) and tissue trophic disorders.
Aims: Analyze the correlation of the degree of regeneration of decubital ulcers according to the Bates-Jenson scale in the modification S.Y.R. in relation to indicators of the nutritional status of patients in the CCI after brain damage.
Materials and methods: The study included 26 patients with pressure ulcers II, III, IV stage with PEN. To evaluate decubital ulcers, the adapted Bates-Jensen scale in the S.Y.R. modification was used. (with graphic model). The severity of PEN was evaluated by a complex of anthropometric (BMI, shoulder circumference, thickness of the skin-fat fold, circumference of the shoulder muscles) and laboratory (transferrin, absolute lymphocyte count) indicators. The dynamics of anthropometric indicators and the results of laboratory studies were separately considered.
Results: As a result, it was found that the change in anthropometric data correlated with laboratory parameters and the healing rate of decubital ulcers in only 26.9% of cases. Moreover, this correlation between the dynamics of transferrin and the absolute number of lymphocytes with the regeneration of decubital ulcers was observed in all patients. The obtained results demonstrated a direct correlation between the dynamics of healing of pressure ulcers and changes in laboratory indicators of nutritional status (as opposed to anthropometry data) in patients who are in a CCI after brain damage.
Conclusions: These findings provide an opportunity to review the weight of indicators in assessing the severity of protein-energy malnutrition, as well as introducing the rate of regeneration of a decubital ulcer in the presence of a patient into the assessment of the nutritional status.
Current problems of medical and social expertise
Authors: Puzin Sergey N. , Dmitrieva Nina V. , Paikov A. Yu. , Filippov V. V. , Erkenova F. D. , Fizitskaya V. D.
Published: January 2021

This article analyses legal framework of medical and social expertise. We have assessed and identified negative aspects of the existing order of interaction between health facilities and bureaus of medical and social expertise during disability determination. We have established the key role of health facilities in determination of persons that need social protection and rehabilitation because of persistent impairments of health. The article reflects significant gaps in the Classifications and Criteria, that are used in practice of bureaus of medical and social expertise, during development and implementation of individual rehabilitation and habilitation plan of a person with disabilities.
Medico-social aspects of invalidity and morbidity in children population with endocrine system diseases
Authors: Miachina Olga V. , Puzin Sergei N. , Pashkov Alexander N. , Esaulenko Dmitry I.
Published: January 2021

Investigation realized in Voronezh found that the level of general disability was 11.09 0.56 per 1000 children, and the level of first-time disability was 1.38 0.18 per 1000 children, which is lower than in Russia as a whole. In the age structure of disability persons from 5 to 9 years old are dominated, and by gender trait boys. Primary morbidity level in children is higher than in adolescents: 1407.68 86.60 and 1281.33 162.25 per 1000 children, respectively. According to the primary morbidity level, 15 ranking places were allocated. Endocrine system diseases occupy 12 and 9 rank places in children and adolescents, respectively. Prevalence of endocrine system diseases was 4.32 0.78 and 14.94 2.71 per 1000 children in this age group. There is an increase in endocrine pathology by 3.5 times with age. It was investigated that children and adolescents suffering from endocrine system diseases (type 1 diabetes, AIT, obesity) are characterized by adaptation processes decrease, regulatory mechanisms imbalance and energy disorders (p 0.05 compared to the control group of healthy individuals), which is detected by bioelectrography of exhaled air condensate. The obtained data can be used in preparation of complex programs for prevention of morbidity and disability of children and medical and social rehabilitation of disabled children in Voronezh and in other territories.
Legal aspects of forensic medico-social expertise assignment
Authors: Paikov Andrei Y. , Samoilova Yulia B.
Published: January 2021

The topic presented in the title of the article has been the matter of numerous studies. In spite of this, it remains relevant these days. This is because in practice there arise controversies related to the procedural issues of forensic medico-social expertise assignment and conducting. The authors have attempted to conduct a comprehensive study of the legal issues of the assignment and production of forensic socio-medical expertise, both in civil cases related to appeal against decisions of medico-social assessment services, and in criminal cases, in particular, with regard to fraud in receiving payments. The article analyzes the practice of appealing against decisions of medical and social assessment services. This practice reveals the lack of uniformity in the assignment of forensic medical and social expertise. Based on previous studies in this area, as well as the provisions of regulatory legal acts, the authors distinguish medico-social expertise from other types of medical and forensic examinations. Due to the limited space of the paper, not all relevant aspects on this issue are considered. The paper concentrates on the issues of determining the institution and persons who have special knowledge sufficient to produce medico-social expertise. The authors have developed recommendations on the assignment of forensic medico-social expertise, emphasizing that the production of medico-social expertise requires special knowledge and should be carried out by specialists who have received special training in the specialty of medical and social expertise. In this connection, the production of forensic medico-social expertise cannot be entrusted to forensic medical establishments and business organizations. The authors emphasize that such an expertise should be entrusted to highly qualified employees with specialized training in medical and social expertise and working for medical and social expertise services.