bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana Vuill in compost media for Oryctes rhinoceros L. oil palm pest control
Authors: Novianti Rina , Fauzana Hafiz , Rustam Rusli
Published: August 2021

The Oryctes rhinoceros pest is an important pest of palm oil plant.  Pest problems occur because  Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) is added for soil fertility to create a breeding site for larvae O. rhinoceros. Generally, OPEFB will receive the plants more quickly when composted, and pest control is carried out in the compost. Biological control is more recommended because it is environmentally friendly, Therefore compost is added with biological control agent O. rhinoceros namely B. bassiana. This study is aimed to obtain the best conidia density of Beauveria bassiana in compost in controlling larvae O. rhinoceros. The research was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory and Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Riau of University. The study was carried out from February to November 2020. The experiment on the conidia density of B. bassiana fungi in compost media against larvae O. rhinoceros, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 6 treatments 4 replications obtained 24 experimental units, while the treatments were 0 g.l-1, 15 g.l-1, 30 g.l-1, 45 g.l-1, 60 g.l-1 and 75 g.l-1. The results of the research revealed that  OPEFB compost + sawdust containing the fungus B. bassiana 75 g.l-1 (83,2 x108 kon/ml) had the best ability to control larvae O. rhinoceros with a total larvae mortality of 87% which caused early death of 54 hours after application, LT50 of 213 hours after application, and LC50 of 3,3% or the equivalent of 33 g.l-1 at 14 days after application.
Perception of Russian Politics in Galicia in Diaries and Memoirs of World War I Participants
Authors: Zherdeva Yu. A. , Sumburova E. I. , Cherkasova M. V.
Published: August 2021

The problem of perception of Russian politics in Galicia during the First World War by participants in military operations is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern society in historical sources of personal origin. The novelty is determined by a wide corpus of diaries and memoirs of participants in hostilities, un-published archival ego-documents introduced into scientific circulation. Based on new sources, the actions of the Russian authorities and the army in Galicia in 1914—1916 are interpreted. Plots are revealed that are not recorded by officials in official documents. Unjustified decisions of the local administration, bureaucratic confusion and arbitrariness are analyzed. The degree of influence of official Russian propaganda on the position of combatants and Galicians is determined in the study. Different points of view among Russian society on the organization of governance in Galicia and the national and confessional policy pursued there are revealed. The diaries and memoirs of the combatants made it possible to look at the events that took place in Galicia from the perspective of an eyewitness, shedding light on the features of everyday life, both of the local civilian population, and of military units, and of the medical service who found themselves in the conquered territories.
“Balkans” in Russian Encyclopedic Dictionaries of First Half of 19th Century
Authors: Kasatkin K. A.
Published: August 2021

The ways of representing the Balkan Peninsula that existed in Russia in the first half of the 19th century are analyzed in the article. The sources for the study were encyclopedic dictionaries of the first half of the 19thcentury. (A.A. Plyushar, L.I. Zeddeler, A.V. Starchevsky), as well as an unpublished work by I.P. Liprandi “The Experience of the Word Interpreter of the Ottoman Empire”. The author argues that for a long time the Balkan Peninsula was not perceived as a single region with a set of historically deter-mined features. Arguments are presented confirming that certain areas of the peninsula were elements of different discourses. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. A special attitude of the authors of encyclopedias to Serbia and Greece, the newly formed states on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, has been established. Examples are given that show the duality of their images in the Russian narrative in the first half of the 19thcentury.
Relations between Israel and USSR in 1956—1957: according to Documents of State Archives of Israel
Authors: Kostenko Yu. I. , Morozov V. M.
Published: August 2021

Authors of the article analyze the relations between Israel and the USSR in 1956-1957. Particular attention is paid to Israel’s efforts to ensure national security, the consequences of the Sinai campaign and the “problem of the Jews of the USSR”. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of these issues for bilateral relations. The opinion that the USSR has passed to unconditional sup-port of the Arabs and that this policy will not change is commented on the opinion that has taken root in Israel. It is noted that Israel’s victory in the 1956 Sinai campaign dealt a blow to the positions of the USSR in the Arab world, but the Israeli leadership realized that the USSR would not agree with the loss of these positions. It is shown that Israel strove to maintain an “atmosphere of dialogue”, to develop trade relations, cultural and scientific ties with the USSR, fearing that the position of the USSR on the Middle East would affect the position of Soviet Jews. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors used un-published and previously untranslated archival materials, which made it possible to look at the events through the eyes of Israeli diplomacy, to understand the reasoning for decision-making. The authors conclude that the events of 1956 influenced the way the country’s leadership perceived Israel’s place in international relations. It is emphasized that at this time Israel finally established itself in a pro-Western foreign policy orientation.
Great Patriotic War and Labor Resources of Urals Industry: Development Features
Authors: Mamyachenkov V. N. , Anisimov A. L. , Shvedov V. V.
Published: August 2021

The analysis of the influence of the Great Patriotic War on the supply of labor resources to the industry of the Ural economic region is carried out. Materials from the funds of three archives were used — the Russian State Archive of Economics, the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Center for Documentation of Public Organizations of the Sverdlovsk Region, some of which have not been previously published. It is re-ported that a rather extensive list of studies is devoted to the question of the impact of the Great Patriotic War on the economy of the Ural economic region and its individual sectors (primarily industry and agriculture). It is alleged that during the war, during the mass evacuation, the Urals received about 700 industrial enterprises from the western regions of the country. It is stated that such a large-scale, unplanned and forced migration, on the one hand, created difficulties associated with the placement of equipment and people, and on the other. The disproportionately expanded industrial potential of the Ural eco-nomic region created great problems in the post-war period. Attention is focused on the fact that the Great Patriotic War gave the industry of the Urals a strong impetus for further development. It is proved that the war had a contradictory impact on the socio-economic development of the Urals. It is emphasized that to eliminate the shortage of labor resources, a method tested even before the war — the massive movement of the population from village to city was used.
Investigation of Twist Waves Distribution along Structurally Nonuniform Yarn
Authors: Shukhratov Sh. , Milašius R. , Gafurov K. , Gafurov J.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the features of yarn structure formation on spinning machine, i.e. yarn twist change when winding. It was considered that the twist distribution was one of the reasons for its decrease along the formed yarn. In this paper, based on analysis of changes in thickness and twist due to axial deformation, we consider a yarn moving at constant speed. Moving dynamics of yarn are studied here by using Euler variables. The correspondences of forward and reverse twist waves’ distribution speeds on presented frequency at various vibration forms are obtained. The parameters of Doppler effect for the waves distributed along the yarn are determined.
Coexistence of hieroglyphic and alphabetical word standards in Chinese Putonghua
Authors: ALEKSAKHIN. A. N.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается проблема сосуществования двух письменных стандартов слова китайского языка путунхуа: иероглифического и буквенного. И в китайском языке слово является центральной единицей, минимально выражаемой одной гласной фонемой:Ò yī /i55/ «один», ¶ èr /ɚ51 /. Иероглифическая форма слова является традиционным этническим маркером этноса хань, буквенная форма слова как новый этнический маркер раскрывает многоязычность этноса хань и эффективно используется для распространения общего языка китайского этноса в интересах языковой консолидации китайского социу
Foreign Policy Process in Pakistan: Internal and External Determinants
Authors: BELOKRENITSKY V. Y.
Published: August 2021

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The Characteristic Features of the Foreign Policy Process in the DPRK
Authors: DENISOV V. I.
Published: August 2021

В статье анализируется внешнеполитическая стратегия руководства Корейской Народно-Демократической Республики, основные направления внешней политики КНДР, процесс принятия внешнеполитических решений в Северной Корее. Особое внимание при этом обращается на роль Государственного комитета обороны (ГКО), возглавляемого Ким Чен Иром. В статье подчеркивается решающее влияние высшего военного руководства на принятие внешнеполитических решений по ключевым проблемам северокорейской внешней политики (ядерный вопрос, отношения КНДР с США, межкорейские отношения и др.)
Regional security of Turkey in the context of theKurd problem
Authors: KUDRYASHOVA J. S.
Published: August 2021

Наличие курдской проблемы в Турции обусловлено следующими факторами: ущемлением социальных прав курдов, экономической отсталостью населенных курдами регионов, низким уровнем образования курдского населения. Особую актуальность проблема приобрела в связи с образованием курдской автономии в Северном Ираке. Однако активные реформы правящей Партии справедливости и развития, имеющие целью более тесную политическую и социально-экономическую интеграцию курдов в турецкое общество, приводят к росту лояльности курдов к турецким властям.
European Interregional Organizations: Lobbying Through the EU Institutions
Authors: BUSYGINA I. M. , VERESCHAGINA E. L.
Published: August 2021

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EU law incorporation into constitutional system of Latvian Republic
Authors: KATSEV M. I.
Published: August 2021

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Analysis of international economic activities of Russian transnational corporations (TNCs)
Authors: POSKREBYSHEVA N. A.
Published: August 2021

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Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army on the eve of the Great Patriotic War
Authors: GREBENUK A. V.
Published: August 2021

Статья анализирует военно-техническое состояние Красной армии накануне начала Великой Отечественной войны. Автор рассматривает проблемы, стоящие перед военным и политическим руководством СССР при проведении военных реформ, а также анализирует просчеты советского руководства при реформировании РККА.
Role of the supreme court in the system of state power USA
Authors: Haustov S. A.
Published: August 2021

В статье анализируется статус и деятельность Верховного суда, который занимает важное место в конституционно-правовой системе США и играет существенную роль в их политической жизни. На примере знаковых правовых прецедентов показано, что Верховный суд наделен полномочиями высшего общенационального суда и правового арбитра конституционности. Решения Верховного суда развивают конституционно-правовую доктрину в области прав и свобод личности.
Problems in Evaluating Numbers of Ethnic Abkhazians and Georgians in Abkhazia in the Middle 2000’s
Authors: Yamskov A. N.
Published: August 2021

Опираясь на опыт полевых исследований 2003-2006 гг., автор критически оценивает официальные статистические сведения и мнения экспертов и политиков о количестве абхазов и грузин в Абхазии. Представлены авторские оценки их возможной численности, а также обзор вероятных причин завышения числа абхазов и занижения числа грузин при учёте населения 2003 г. Показано, что неточности последнего объяснялись в том числе объективными факторами - высокой мобильностью населения в середине 2000-х гг., обычно возвратной, но частично перераставшей в безвозвратную (из горного села в город или приморский посёлок у абхазов, трансграничные перемещения через реку Ингур у грузин).
Ideology and Poetry. English Romanticism in Russia: Byron vs. Southey
Authors: Mygranian Z. A.
Published: August 2021

Рассматривая пути проникновения романтической литературы из Европы в Россию и восприятие русскими читателями - поэтами и просто образованными людьми своего времени разнообразных образчиков западноевропейской поэзии, автор затрагивает сразу несколько проблем, актуальных сегодня в не меньшей степени, чем в XIX веке. Соотношение искусства с господствующей идеологией - противостояние или взаимодействие; что должны содержать стихи, помимо ярких образов и изящной рифмы; насколько важна фигура их творца и нужно ли автору соответствовать своим героям. Дать ответы на поставленные вопросы автор пытается на примере судьбы двух английских поэтов-романтиков, Байрона и Саути в России. Автор стремится проанализировать путь «русского» Саути, объяснить его взлет и падение в глазах русских читателей во многом по вине «обвинений» со стороны Байрона. Хотя вполне возможно, что Байрон тут был ни при чем, а виновата как раз идеология, которая стала одной из причин такой перманентной популярности Байрона в нашей стране. Над этим спорным вопросом и приглашает задуматься автор.
Subetnonim samurzakantsy: the origin, history, modernity
Authors: Solovieva L. T.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена истории возникновения и бытования субэтнонима самурзаканцы, который служил для обозначения населения исторического региона Самурзакано - юго-восточной части Абхазии, расположенной между реками Ингури и Галидзга. Рассматривается вопрос об этнокультурной принадлежности населения Самурзакано.
Methods of Statistical analysis of GDP growth of developed countries
Authors: Simonova M. D.
Published: August 2021

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Russia and Asia-Pacific Region: perspectives of cooperation
Authors: Lukin A. V. , V. Ivanov A.
Published: August 2021

Тот факт, что большинство стран АТР успешно преодолевают мировой финансовый кризис, подтверждает прогнозы экспертов о том, что этот регион становится локомотивом мирового развития. Таким образом, этот регион должен стать основным партнером для России. Сейчас Россия развивает свое сотрудничество с такими организациями этого региона, как АТЭС и АСЕАН, но отныне ей следует обратить внимание на некоторые новые инициативы по формированию более тесного сотрудничества в Восточной Азии, как, например, японскую инициативу Восточноазиатского сообщества, и на процесс формирования зон общей торговли и общей валюты в Восточной Азии. Как известно, в АТР нет единого доминирующего международного объединения, подобного ЕС в Европе. Вместо этого здесь действуют несколько региональных образований разного формата и разной нацеленности. Со многими из них Россия уже сотрудничает. Мировой финансовый кризис в значительной мере затронул Европу и США, однако многие страны АТР пережили его, не понеся ощутимых экономических потерь. Тем самым подтвердились прогнозы экспертов о том, что этот регион превращается в локомотив мирового развития. И, возможно, это превращение происходит даже быстрее, чем прогнозировалось раньше. Это обстоятельство повышает ценность АТР как возможного партнера России, сотрудничество с которым поможет ей не только решить задачи подъема Сибири и Дальнего Востока, но и оживления всей российской экономики. Возникает вопрос, с кем из «обитателей» АТР России следует развивать сотрудничество, чтобы максимально эффективно вписаться в экономику региона?
South Korea policies in science and technology . Aspects of Russian-South Korean cooperation in science and technology
Authors: Denisov V. I.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты сотрудничества России и Южной Кореи в научно-технической сфере на современном этапе, когда Россия приступила к модернизации экономики, а Республика Корея поставила амбициозные задачи по выводу страны в число наиболее развитых в экономическом и социальном отношении государств. Автор подчеркивает важность углубления российско-южнокорейской кооперации в сфере инновационных технологий и делает вывод о необходимости более активного вовлечения в научно-техническое сотрудничество российской вузовской науки.
State as a political instrument of socio-economic emancipation on a men (political theory of Fichte)
Authors: Chanishev A. A.
Published: August 2021

Одним из первых критиков противоречий «глобального» мира был Фихте. В этом смысле проблематика фихтеанской концепции остается принципиально значимой для современной политической теории. Согласно Фихте, возможность разрешения эпохальных противоречий заключена в государстве, выполняющем историческую миссию по достижению высших духовных целей и освобождению человека. В этом пункте Фихте отказывается от кантовского персонализма и переосмысливает перспективу «всемирного республиканского строя», для его позиции характерна установка на растворение индивида в органической целостности «рода», на осуществление государственного контроля над структурами социального бытия с целью их коррекции.
The UN: Сlimate Change Is On The Agenda
Authors: Rusakova Y. A.
Published: August 2021

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Moscow State in the European geopolitical space in the second part of XV century — beginning of XVI century
Authors: Chernikova T. V.
Published: August 2021

Московское государство в европейском геополитическом пространстве. в середине XV - начале XVI вв. Со второй половины XV в. кончается период изоляции Северо-Восточной Руси от западноевропейских стран. Образовавшееся в это время из прежде автономных земель Северо-Восточной и Северо-Западной Особенный интерес к молодому Московскому государству проявили Папская курия и империя Габсбургов, что объяснялось не только расчетами на возобновления процесса расширения церковной унии, но, прежде всего, надеждой увидеть в этом новом восточноевропейском государстве союзника по борьбе с турецкой экспансией в Европу. Расширение Османской империи, которое шло с начала XV в. с поразительной быстротой, представляло реальную опасность христианской цивилизации. Наглядным примером этого стала гибель Византийской империи - альтернативного западному, цивилизационного центра средневековой Европы. Территориальные границы европейской цивилизации сокращались за счет поглощения османами юго-восточного европейского пространства. Греция, Сербия, Болгария и другие южнославянские государства, албанские, волошские, молдавские земли, частично территория Венгрии и южные владения Австрии превратились в турецкие колонии. Угнетение христиан здесь дополнялось угрозой их исламизации (что вскоре и случилось с большей частью албанского населения и частично с сербским населением Боснии). У всех в памяти был пример почти полной турецкой ассимиляция и исламизация малоазийских православных византийцев. Между тем в XV столетии европейский католический мир, представленный более сотней государственных формирований, составлял аморфное цивилизационное единство, раздираемое внешними и внутриполитическими конфликтами. Причем его духовно-религиозная ось - католическая церковь стояла на пороге грандиозного кризиса. Реформа католицизма в Чехии в первой половине XV в., последовавшая за гуситскими войнами 1419-1434 гг., была первой ласточкой надвигающейся реформации, которая поглотит Европу в XVI столетии. Священная Римская империя германской нации в этом хаосе старалась претендовать на роль некой консолидирующей христианский мир «вселенской» силы. Одной из главных провозглашенных ею целей являлась задача оградить европейцев-христиан от турецкого нашествия. Это на фоне объективной турецкой опасности поддерживало надежду на создание некого «общехристианского» европейского единства для отражения османской экспансии и помогало контактам Москвы с Западом. Необходимо понять, почему данные надежды папства и Габсбургов оказались только иллюзией. Не менее важен и вопрос о позиции Московской Руси на этот счет. Причем интересно выяснить насколько в контексте позиций других европейских стран (или вне его) действовала московская дипломатия. ///В плане борьбы с османами ожидания европейцев на счет Московской Руси оказались преждевременными///
The Story of Israeli Alternatives to the Two-States Solution
Authors: Karasova T. A.
Published: August 2021

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Sociology in Motion: Remarks on the XVII World Congress of Sociology
Authors: Kravchenko S. A. , Noskova A. V. , Brun O. E.
Published: August 2021

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Liberators or Invaders? The Red Army in Eastern Europe in 1945
Authors: Noskova A. F.
Published: August 2021

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Review of Nanosheet Transistors Technology
Authors: Hassan Agha Firas N. A. , Naif Yasir H. , Shakib Mohammed N.
Published: August 2021

Nano-sheet transistor can be defined as a stacked horizontally gate surrounding the channel on all direction. This new structure is earning extremely attention from research to cope the restriction of current Fin Field Effect Transistor (FinFET) structure. To further understand the characteristics of nano-sheet transistors, this paper presents a review of this new nano-structure of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), this new device that consists of a metal gate material. Lateral nano-sheet FET is now targeting for 3nm Complementary MOS (CMOS) technology node. In this review, the structure and characteristics of Nano-Sheet FET (NSFET), FinFET and NanoWire FET (NWFET) under 5nm technology node are presented and compared. According to the comparison, the NSFET shows to be more impregnable to mismatch in ON current than NWFET. Furthermore, as comparing with other nano-dimensional transistors, the NSFET has the superior control of gate all-around structures, also the NWFET realize lower mismatch in sub threshold slope (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL).
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN OBYEK WISATA ALAM BUMI PERKEMAHAN IPUKAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG CIREMAI
Authors: Rusmana Eki , Herlina Nina , Nasihin Iing
Published: August 2021

Kawasan konservasi yang dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan wisata alam, salah satunya adalah Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC). Ipukan dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai objek wisata alam dan menjadi destinasi wisata yang menawarkan kesejukan dan keasrian udara khas pegunungan. Ipukan sangat cocok untuk aktifitas alam seperti berkemah, tracking, penelitian, pengamatan flora dan fauna. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi ekowisata serta  menentukan strategi pengembangan ekowisata di kawasan Obyek Wisata Alam Bumi Perkemahan Ipukan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai.  Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT dengan menghitung bobot dan rating dari EFAS dan IFAS. Buper Ipukan memiliki potensi wisata yang menarik bagi pengunjung seperti: bentang alam, flora dan fauna. Hasil analisis SWOT bahwa potensi wisata alam bumi perkemahan ipukan yang dapat dijadikan daya tarik wisata berupa bentang alam, flora dan fauna. Berdasarkan faktor internal dan eksternal, strategi paling utama untuk diterapkan dalam pengembangan Obyek Wisata Alam Bumi Perkemahan Ipukan adalah strategi menggunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang (Strengths-Oportunities), yaitu dengan tetap mempertahankan kualitas estetika, meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana serta pelayanan dengan tetap mempertahankan aspek kelestarian dan melakukan promosi wisata secara optimal. Salah satu alternatif pengembangan Obyek Wisata Alam Ipukan adalah memperbaiki aksesibilitas, melakukan kerjasama dengan intansi lain dan penambahan sarana wisata.Kata kunci : analisis SWOT; potensi wisata; ipukan; taman nasional
Visual state symbols of Japan during the Meiji era
Authors: Bocharova Marina Yurevna
Published: August 2021

This article is dedicated to the visual state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century (national flag, personal seal of the emperor, order and medal of honor, and military insignia). The aforementioned symbols are viewed as the attributes of the status. First institutionalized graphic symbols in the history of the country have emerged under the influence of European culture and actualized elements of the ”old” Japanese culture, primarily  from the emblems “mon” used to decorate and identify an individual or a family. This article explores the mechanisms of their emergence, as well as the mechanisms of evolution and introduction into the cultural environment based on the material of print mass-market production (postcards and Ukiyo-e woodblock prints). The author’s main contribution consists in comprehensive analysis of the state symbols of Japan of the late XIX century as the attributes of the status, which has been conducted for the first time. The flag, order and emblem of the emperor were used to demonstrate their direct affiliation to the department, as an attribute of a festive event, or indicate their authority. The research also employed postcards as a rarely used source for studying political symbols, or used in the context of ideology alone. The visual images of print production illustrate the reality of using state symbols, as well as within the framework of artistic techniques expand their use as the symbols.
Grundbildung zwischen Schule und Beruf. Zur Bildungstheorie von historischen, beruflichen und gymnasialen Grundbildungskonzepten
Authors: Dehnbostel Peter
Published: August 2021

Grundbildungskonzepte sind für die Gestaltung und Weiterentwicklung der Sekundarstufe II von zentraler Bedeutung. Peter Dehnbostel behandelt hier die berufliche und gymnasiale Grundbildung übergreifend und zeigt die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Grundbildung seit ihrer Genese in der Aufklärungsepoche auf. Ein besonderer Gesichtspunkt besteht dabei in der Betrachtung, inwieweit die anfangs bestehende Einheit des Grundbildungsbegriffs nach dessen Dichotomie, die mit dem Neuhumanismus einsetzte, in der Bildungsreform um 1970 wiedergewonnen werden konnte.
İleri teknoloji mal ihracatı ve Ar-Ge harcamaları ilişkisi: Türkiye için yapısal kırılmalı bir uygulama
Authors: ÇELİK Hüseyin
Published: August 2021

Hangi gelişmişlik düzeyinde olursa olsun bir ülke için ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması ve sürdürülebilirliği önemli bir hedeftir. Bu hedefin gerçekleşmesini sağlayan iktisadi aktivitelerin içerik ve özellikleri de önemlidir. Bir ülkedeki teknolojik altyapının iyi olması, teknolojik ürünler üretmesine de zemin hazırlayacaktır. Bu durum, ilgili ülkenin ileri teknoloji ürünlerini ihraç etmesine olanak sağlayarak rekabet gücünü arttıracaktır. Buradan hareketle Ar-Ge harcamaları ile ileri teknoloji ihracatı arasında etkileşim ve etkileşimin yönü merak edilen bir noktadır. Bu açıdan da teknolojik yatırımların ve üretimin gerçekleşmesi için Ar-Ge harcamalarının düzeyi, üstünde durulması gereken bir husustur. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Ar-Ge harcamalarının ileri teknoloji mal ihracat rekabet gücü üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Literatürde ileri teknoloji mal ihracatı ve Ar-Ge harcamaları arasındaki ilişkiyi inceleyen diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu çalışmada, ileri teknoloji ihracatı rekabet gücü ile Ar-Ge harcamaları arasındaki ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma Türkiye için gerçekleştirilmiş ve 1990-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Yöntem olarak yapısal kırılmalı Narayan & Popp (2010) birim kök testi, Hatemi-j (2008) yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme testi ve FMOLS katsayı tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ileri teknoloji mal ihracatı rekabet gücü ile Ar-Ge arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki mevcuttur. Ar-Ge harcamaları %1 arttığında, ileri teknoloji mal ihracatı rekabet gücünü 0.1603 arttırmaktadır.
Allergic diseases at an early age
Authors: Melnikova Ksenya S. , Kuwshinowa Elena D. , Reviakina Vera A.
Published: August 2021

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the incidence of allergic diseases (ADs), mainly in countries with a high level of development. Particularly noted is the increase in the prevalence of AZs in young children, among which cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations of allergy are the most common. These include atopic dermatitis (ATD), urticaria, gastrointestinal manifestations associated in most cases with food allergy, as well as contact allergic dermatitis, and insect allergy. The leading mechanism of development is immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions. There are three main factors that predispose to AZ: genetic, direct contact with an allergen, and external environmental factors. The article deals with the causes, manifestations, therapy and diagnosis of a number of allergic diseases: urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, insect allergy and some methods of therapy.
Clinical heterogeneity and molecular genetic causes in a cohort of patients with disorders/differences of sex development
Authors: Nikitina Irina L. , Sarakaeva Leyla R. , Kostareva Anna A. , Kudryashova Elena K.
Published: August 2021

Background. Disorders of sex development (DSD) are a group of rare congenital conditions. Clinical management of patients with DSD is often difficult and requires multidisciplinary approach.
Aim. Analysis of the frequency of establishing genetic causes in various forms of DSD by using an original targeted sequencing panel with subsequent establishment of associations of the identified genetic variants with the nature of clinical manifestations.
Materials and methods. Conducted a clinical examination, karyotype analysis followed by the next generation sequencing (NGS) using MiSeq (Illumina) with the twenty-eight patients with different forms of 46, XY DSD were included. We designed HaloPlex (Agilent) gene panel that included coding regions of 80 candidate genes associated with DSD. All variants identified by NGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We performed bioinformatics analysis using OMIM, 1000 genomes, ESP6500, Genome Aggregation Database projects. To assess the clinical significance of the identified variants we used ClinVar database and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics criteria.
Results. Out of 28 patients pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants with unknown significance were identified in 11 patients (39%). In combination with clinical phenotype these variants were determined as causative for DSD. Nine patients (82%) had likely causative variants in one gene (of monogenic origin), while 18% had variants in two genes simultaneously (of oligogenic origin). 43% of the identified gene variants have not been previously reported. The variants in NR5A1 were associated with gonadal dysgenesis in two patients; the variants in MAP3K1 were also found in another two patients with gonadal dysgenesis, variants in AR in three patients with CAIS, variant in MAMLD1 was associated with proximal form of hypospadias, variant in CYP17A1 was associated with testosterone biosynthetic defect. Among the two patients with variants of oligogenic origin, one had variants in MAP3K1 and MAMLD1 genes and was clinically characterized by hypospadias; the second had variants in AR and SEMA3A and was diagnosed with PAIS. There were also two patients with variants in NR5A1 of familial inheritance.
Conclusion. NGS-based targeted sequencing is a promising technique to improve the differential diagnosis, genetic counseling and management strategies for patients with DSD. Complex clinical examination followed by molecular genetic analysis improves the diagnosis, genetic counseling, and management strategies for patients with DSD including the assignment of sex of rearing.
Current trends in the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms in elementary school children
Authors: Ermakova Margarita K. , Matveeva Larisa P. , Kapustina Natalya R.
Published: August 2021

Aim. To study the prevalence of bronchial asthma (BA) symptoms among elementary schoolchildren in the Udmurt Republic in the dynamics over 20 years.
Materials and methods. A comparative study of the prevalence of BA was carried out. A questionnaire was administered to 2899 parents of first-graders, using the international standardized ISAAC program.
Results. The prevalence of BA symptoms on the ISAAC program among elementary schoolchildren in the Udmurt Republic in 2020 was 7.70.2%, being significantly lower than in the previous studies of 2002 and 2009 (p0.001).
Conclusion. There was a further downward trend in the prevalence of AD symptoms in younger schoolchildren. The difference between the current symptoms of the disease and the established diagnosis remained rather significant. Reliable (p10.001) increase in the number of children with dry cough, not related to cold, and children with bronchospasm connected with physical load was revealed.
The problem of teenage tobacco smoking: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Kozhevnikova Tatiana N. , Geppe Natalia A. , Osmanov Ismail M. , Gerasimenko Nikolai F. , Mashukova Natalia G. , Il'enkova Natalia A. , Malakhov Aleksandr B. , Chepurnaia Mariia M. , Odinaeva Niso D. , Savvina Nadezhda V.
Published: August 2021

The global prevalence of tobacco and nicotine-containing product use has now reached epidemic proportions, a problem particularly relevant when it comes to adolescents. Major trends in the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents include the flattening of gender differences, the decreasing age of initiation of smoking, and the emergence of alternative uses of nicotine-containing products. The main provisions of the book devoted to tobacco use prevention among children and teenagers as the problem of the present time, edited by professors N.A. Geppe, I.M. Osmanov, N.F. Gerasimenko with the participation of a large group of authors, published in 2021 by MedCom-Pro Publishing House are presented in this work. The issues of negative influence of tobacco and nicotine-containing products not only on the somatic state of teenage smokers but also on their psychological status are reflected. Health risks associated with smoking electronic cigarettes and vape cigarettes by adolescents are described, and the correlation between smoking electronic cigarettes by adolescents and the use of other psychoactive substances is noted. As an example of Russian experience of express-prevention of smoking among adolescents the program developed at the Department of Children's Diseases of Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) by candidate of medical sciences N.G. Mashukova, candidate of medical sciences, "PARUS" (Teenage Anti-Smoking Russian Universal Training System), gave recommendations on prevention of tobacco smoking in children and teenagers in conditions of real pediatric practice, noted that introduction into practice of anti-smoking programs aimed at development of motivation to quit smoking is the most perspective measure in prevention of tobacco smoking in teenagers today.
Biological drugs in the therapy of atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma: focus on dupilumab
Authors: Reviakina Vera A. , Geppe Natalia A. , Malakhov Aleksandr B. , Kaliuzhin Oleg V. , Astaf'eva Natalia G. , Kolosova Natalia G. , Malakhova-Kapanadze Mariia A.
Published: August 2021

Significant progress has been made over the past decade in the treatment of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and bronchial asthma. Dupilumab, which targets interleukin IL-4 and IL-13, has become an innovative targeted therapy. Immunobiologic therapy with the interleukin inhibitor is indicated for patients with moderate to severe uncontrolled atopic dermatitis, moderate to severe eosinophilic phenotype of uncontrolled Bronchial asthma and patients with poorly controlled severe chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis. A clinical case and recent data on the use of dupilumab for the treatment of type 2 inflammatory disease and prospects for its use are discussed.
Project "Digital Presentation and Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of the Old-print Fund and the Historical Theatre Salon of Community Center "Nadejda 1869", Veliko Tarnovo"
Authors:   Community Center Nadejda 1869, Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Koleva Donka
Published: August 2021

The large numbers of material culture`s objects that originate from Ukrainian territories of the late XIX — mid XX centuries are preserved in Polish museum and archival institutions. The main groups can be distinguished: museum collections of ethnography and art, archival documents and photo libraries (negatives and photo prints). Polish specialists, who have been digitizing such collections for long time, also deal with Ukrainian material, often involving Ukrainian scholars for attribution. A large part of the material is posted online (sometimes as separate projects), which provides an opportunity to get acquainted with Ukrainian cultural heritage of wide audience (most often associated with ethnographic Hutsul and Bojko Regions), for example, photos of Hutsuls and Hutsul life by Gonsiorovsky, Poddembsky, Dutkevych, Senkovsky. Most digitized objects are stored on institutions' servers, and scientists are given access to information during their research. Further usage of these documents by scientists is regulated by the legislation of the European Union and the relevant institution. Within the framework of Polish-Ukrainian cooperation, digital copies are transferred to Ukraine. In this way, the objects of Ukrainian cultural heritage become available for knowledge to the wide audience. Keywords: Ukraina, Polish, Polish-Ukrainian Cooperation, Culture Heritage, Collection, Archives, Photo, Ethnography, Art
Folklore Festivals - A Modern Method of Safeguarding the Living Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria, Nikolov Kaloyan
Published: August 2021

Contemporary festivity outlines the views of modern society on the way celebrations and celebrations of events of different magnitude and significance. Contemporary folk festivals are part of this celebration, combining traditional elements and modern components. Relying on the thesis that the existence of the song, dance, tradition is positioned at the moment of performance and practice, the elements put into the conditions of presentation - the intangible cultural heritage go through a preparatory phase of transmission, which has a significant impact on its preservation. Keywords: Folklore Festival, Culinary Festival, Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Living Heritage
Dimentions of Contemporary Postmodern Pilgrimage as Glocal Religious Cultural Heritage
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Sofia, Bulgaria, Gulubova Liana
Published: August 2021

Contemporary practices of recreational and confessional travel and visit of sacred sites of various denominations focus multitude of orientations and attitudes regarding religious cultural heritage. Postmodern tourist experience of organisation and research encompasses wide space from local to global, from material to invisible, form forgotten to live heritage, and from sustainable to dynamic, from subjective to generally valid, acknowledged, and human in religious culture and everyday life. Transmission of traditional values and rituals, as well as actualisation of cultural practices basic for religions, confessions, and their communities would be impossible without sacral topoi as a focus of tourist interests, flow of people and dynamic site exploitation, and without development of the reflection on those processes. In regard of adjustment of religious and civic rights, motivations, interests and attitudes for sustainable development and representative identity, not only values of democratic social awareness, geopolitical, national, or ethnic balance are important, but as well the potential of social studies and structures to maintain optimal social policies and care addressing whole variety of uneven statuses. Keywords: Pilgrimage; Hierotopy; Religious Tourism; Glocal Mobility; Postmodern Culture; Sacred Sites; Heritage Perception; Visitor and User Reflections; Responsible and Accessible Tourism; Accommodation and Accessibility of Tourist Sites; Psycho-Somatic Impairments; Social Care
The Machine Stops
Authors:   , du Toit William
Published: August 2021

Before the discovery of gold, the majority of the South Island of Aotearoa was relatively uninhabited, until the 1860s gold rush which quickly propelled the Otago region into economic prosperity. Once the gold dried up, the mining operations were quickly abandoned, with many of the workers losing their jobs as the industry declined.

The historic goldfields in the Otago region now lie in various states of decay, with the industrial remnants and environmental scarring slowly being reclaimed by ecological processes. Each mining operation centred around a stamper battery, a giant stone-crushing machine used to separate the gold from the quartz ore. Consisting of a large timber framework and a number of half-ton weights used to crush the ore, they were deemed too difficult to remove after the mining operations had ceased—abandoned to slowly decay in the irrevocably damaged landscape.

Of these many sites, the Homeward Bound goldmining operation, located 30km northwest of Arrowtown, offers one of the most complete examples of this historical process due to the area’s dry climate—each stage of the mining process still being physically represented by a trace or fragment in the landscape. These remnants represent both the story of extracting the gold that led to the region’s prosperity, as well as the story of irreversible environmental destruction that resulted. As such, each of the man-made and natural remnants represents a different point of view regarding this complex heritage event. This design-led research investigation proposes to use speculative architectural drawing to provide a voice to each of seven unique points of view: the Mineshaft, Schist Tailings, Redirected Stream, Stamper Battery, Water Race, Aerial Cableway, and a Battery Footprint left behind when a previous stamper battery was swept away in a flood.

E.M. Forster’s short story “The Machine Stops” is an example of allegorical narrative fiction that portrays a story with a similarly dialectic premise to the tale represented by the abandoned Otago stamper batteries. This design-led thesis investigation uses Forster’s short story as a literary provocateur to investigate how such a narrative can be conveyed using speculative architectural drawings. Forster’s theme of technological dominance and disregard for the natural environment is effectively a type of ‘morality play’ also represented by the Homeward Bound goldmining site—where the economic prosperity of the region came at the cost of devastating the native landscape.

This thesis investigation proposes to preserve this heritage story though the lens of an allegorical architectural project—a way to safeguard it as a valuable lesson for future generations. It explores how orthographic drawing, architectural notation strategies, and layering techniques can be assimilated together in ways that help to reawaken and preserve a heritage story about New Zealand that is soon destined to be lost forever.
International Financial Institutions Ask to Contribute to Climate Protection
Authors: Ahamer G.
Published: August 2021

The aim of this article is to show in which way international financial institutions (IFIs) can contribute to climate protection projects. The principles of IFIs’ project cycles are explained in the context of the new blending tool. The cooperation with other donors stands in the centre of EU project funding and the notion of leveraging allows to quantify the cooperative effect among different donors. The bulk of this article describes the most relevant IFIs and national development banks with an international focus: Green Climate Fund (GCF), European Investment Bank (EIB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), French Development Agency (AFD), German Development Bank (KfW), World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). For all these IFIs, descriptions are provided and their main fields of actions identified. The procedure of application (the “project cycle”) is illustrated and an overview of their strategies is given. Thus, this article seeks to provide practical guidance on how to cooperate with IFIs and to direct funds into substantially valid and responsible climate projects.
The Impact of ESG Factors on Asset Returns: Empirical Research
Authors: Efimova O. V. , Volkov M. A. , Koroleva D. A.
Published: August 2021

The subject of the research is the assessment of Investment decision-making efficiency considering the sustainable development requirements. The article aims to identify the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance and market returns for investors and the reasons for it. The relevance of the paper is determined by the need to develop research in the field of ESG integration and evaluation of the portfolio investment effectiveness in the context of responsible investment practices popularity. Scientific novelty: the study develops the theory of ESG integration and allows the authors to conclude that ESG commitment is a driver of market profitability for investors. The authors apply methods such as theoretical analysis of scientific publications (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and quantitative methods, including statistical data analysis, regression analysis, financial modelling. The research base is scientific works of domestic and foreign authors, analytical reports of rating agencies, ESG funds, historical stock market data on companies analysed in the course of this study. All the information used in this study is publicly available or provided by the Bloomberg database. In the course of the study, authors form model portfolios of ESG-oriented and ESG-neutral companies shares and perform a comparative analysis of their fundamental indicators and financial returns. The authors conclude that the portfolio of ESG-oriented companies demonstrates profitability no lower than the portfolio of ESG-neutral companies, considering the risks. At the same time, the values of the fundamental indicators of ESG-oriented companies are inferior to the values of ESG-neutral companies. The relationship between the degree of a company’s ESG compliance and its investment attractiveness is due, among other things, to non-financial value drivers. The authors recommend integrating ESG into the analysis of investment portfolios, significant for the development of investment strategies.
MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF RAMS OBTAINED BY CROSSING VOLGOGRAD SHEEPS WITH RAMS OF DIFFERENT FOREIGN BREEDS
Authors:   Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, LUSHNIKOV V.P.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the indicators of slaughter, morphological and chemical composition of lamb meat obtained from industrial crossing of Volgograd breed queens with sheep breeds: Poll Dorset, Australian meat merino, North Caucasian meat-wool, Suff olk, Ile-de-France and Merinoland.
SYMBOLS OF SHEEP AND GOATS IN HERALDRY
Authors:   NJSC “S. Seifullin KazATU”, SULTANOV O.S. , OMAROVA K.M. ,   NJSC “S. Seifullin KazATU”
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the symbolic meanings of sheep and goats in heraldry and how heraldic material with symbols of sheep and goats convey various philosophical concepts and the meaning of human values.
CORRELATION OF HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF NUBIAN GOATS
Authors:   Saratov state agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, ZABELINA M.V. , LEDYAEV T.B. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, PREOBRAZHENSKAYA T.S. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, KATUSOV D.N.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of the study of clinical, physiological and hematological parameters of the blood of Nubian goats and their relationship with milk productivity and the number of lactation.