bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Retinol‐Related Polyenes Through Hydroxyalkylation of 3‐Sulfolenes.
Authors: Subramanian Thangaiah , Chou Ta‐shue , Bhat Sujata V.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deprotection of N‐Alloc Amines by Pd(0)/DABCO — An Efficient Method for in situ Peptide Coupling of Labile Amino Acids.
Authors: Zorn Chiara , Gnad Frieder , Salmen Sunnhild , Herpin Timothy , Reiser Oliver
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Amino Acid Ester Linked Dioxathiaphosphocin/Dioxaphosphocin Derivatives.
Authors: Rao L. Nagaprasada , Reddy C. Devendranath , Reddy V. Krishna , Kumar K. Ananda , Reddy C. Suresh
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Allyltrichlorostannane Additions to Chiral Dipeptide Aldehydes.
Authors: Dias Luiz C. , Ferreira Edilson
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Lipoundecapeptide Amphisin from Pseudomonas sp. Strain DSS73.
Authors: Soerensen Dan , Nielsen Tommy H. , Christophersen Carsten , Soerensen Jan , Gajhede Michael
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Useful Bicyclic Topological Decapeptide Template for Solution‐Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of Tetrapodal Libraries.
Authors: Xu Qingchai , Borremans Frans , Devreese Bart
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Opening of a Vinyl Aziridine with p‐Toluenesulfonamide under TBAF Catalysis: Synthesis of 3,4‐Diamino‐3,4‐dideoxy‐L‐chiro‐inositol.
Authors: Paul Bernhard J. , Hobbs Elizabeth , Buccino Pablo , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The 2‐(Allyloxy) Phenyl Acetyl Ester as a New Relay Protecting Group for Oligosaccharide Synthesis.
Authors: Arranz Esther , Boons Geert‐Jan
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐O‐Acetyl‐4‐deoxy‐4‐iodo‐β‐D‐fructofuranosyl 2,3,6‐Tri‐O‐acetyl‐4‐chloro‐4‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside.
Authors: Linden Anthony , Lee C. Kuan , Sofian A. S. Muhammad
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Dibromoolefination of Lactones Using Bromomethylenetriphenylphosphorane.
Authors: Lakhrissi Younes , Taillefumier Claude , Chretien Francoise , Chapleur Yves
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Radical Synthesis of β‐C‐Disaccharides.
Authors: Vauzeilles Boris , Sinay Pierre
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Oxidative One‐Pot Allyl Group Cleavage.
Authors: Kitov Pavel I. , Bundle David R.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Route to 5‐Iodo‐1‐methylimidazole: Synthesis of Xestomanzamine A.
Authors: Panosyan Francis B. , Still Ian W. J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐Indolizidine 209D via B‐Alkyl Suzuki Coupling and Amination Reactions.
Authors: Kim Guncheol , Jung Sung‐do , Kim Won‐jeong
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryllead(IV) Reagents in Synthesis: Formation of the C11 Quaternary Center of N‐Methylwelwitindolinone C Isothiocyanate.
Authors: Deng Hongbo , Konopelski Joseph P.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8‐C‐Glucosylflavones.
Authors: Kumazawa Toshihiro , Kimura Takayuki , Matsuba Shigeru , Sato Shingo , Onodera Jun‐ichi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for Oxidation at C‐3 of the Flavonoid C‐Ring During Anthocyanin Biosynthesis.
Authors: Welford Richard W. D. , Turnbull Jonathan J. , Claridge Timothy D. W. , Prescott Andrea G. , Schofield Christopher J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 9‐cis‐Retinoic Acid and Tagretin Analogues via the Pauson—Khand or Heck Reaction.
Authors: Murray Anthony , Hansen John Bondo , Christensen Birgitte V.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: FR901469, a Novel Antifungal Antibiotic from an Unidentified Fungus No.11243. Part 3. Structure Determination.
Authors: Fujie Akihiko , Muramatsu Hideyuki , Yoshimura Seiji , Hashimoto Michizane , Shigematsu Nobuharu , Takase Shigehiro
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of 1‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenyl)cycloalkyl‐1‐penicillins (I) and ‐cephalosporins (II).
Authors: Akopyan S. G. , Martirosyan A. O. , Mndzhoyan Sh. L. , Ter‐Zakharyan Yu. Z. , Kazaryan E. V. , Aleksanyan M. V.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Total Synthesis of Tallysomycin. Synthesis of the Threonylbithiazole Moiety Containing a Structurally Unique Glycosylcarbinolamide.
Authors: Sznaidman Marcos L. , Hecht Sidney M.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Strategy for the Cyclodepsipeptide Core of the Antitumor Antibiotic Verucopeptin.
Authors: Hale Karl J. , Lazarides Linos , Cai Jiaqiang
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Aspirin‐Triggered 15‐epi‐Lipoxin A4 (I).
Authors: Rodriguez Ana R. , Spur Bernd W.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards Gambierol. Part 1. Synthesis of the AB Ring Segment.
Authors: Kadota Isao , Park Choul‐Hong , Sato Kumi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards Gambierol. Part 2. Synthesis of the EFGH Ring Segment.
Authors: Kadota Isao , Kadowaki Chie , Takamura Hiroyoshi , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Synthesis of the EFGH Ring Fragment (I) of Ciguatoxin CTX3C.
Authors: Imai Hiroto , Uehara Hisatoshi , Inoue Masayuki , Oguri Hiroki , Oishi Tohru , Hirama Masahiro
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Deacetylravidomycin M, a New Inhibitor of IL‐4 Signal Transduction, Produced by Streptomyces sp. WK‐6326. Part 1. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Activities.
Authors: Arai Masayoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi , Matsumoto Atsuko , Takahashi Yoko , Woodruff Body H. , Ishiguro Nobiko , Kobayashi Susumu , Omura Satoshi
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catharsitoxins (A—F) from the Chinese Remedy Qiung Laug.
Authors: Suenaga Kiyotake , Shimogawa Hiroki , Nakagawa Satoru , Uemura Daisuke
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Glycosides to Fused Polycyclic Ethers. An Efficient Entry into the A—D Ring System of Gambierol.
Authors: Cox Jason M. , Rainier Jon D.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of the Oxadecalin Core of Phomactin A via a Highly Stereoselective Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Chemler Sherry R. , Iserloh Ulrich , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystalline Semiconductors: Synthesis, Properties, and Perspectives
Authors: Trindade Tito , O'Brien Paul , Pickett Nigel L.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Main Group and Transition Metal‐Selenolate Complexes: Rings to Clusters
Authors: Corrigan John F. , Brown Martin J. , Degroot Marty W. , Tran Diem T. T. , Wallbank Andrew I.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward an Ideal Synthesis of Oligonucleotides: Development of a Novel Phosphoramidite Method with High Capability
Authors: Hayakawa Yoshihiro
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: From Rational Design to Clinical Trials.
Authors: Traxler Peter , Bold Guido , Buchdunger Elisabeth , Caravatti Giorgio , Furet Pascal , Manley Paul , O'Reilly Terence , Wood Jeanette , Zimmermann Juerg
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Materials for Direct Thermal Full Color Recording Paper
Authors: Yanagihara Naoto , Takashima Masanobu , Matsushita Tetsunori , Sato Hiroshi , Yamada Hisao
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Synthetic Reagents in Mitsunobu‐Type Reaction
Authors: Ito Sho
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Perspective on Nanocluster Catalysis: Polyoxoanion and (n‐C4H9)4N+ Stabilized Ir(0)≈300 Nanocluster “Soluble Heterogeneous Catalysts”
Authors: Aiken III John D. , Lin Yin , Finke Richard G.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Sucro‐Chemistry.
Authors: Descotes G. , Gagnaire J. , Queneau Y.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformations of Phosphorus‐Selenium Heterocycles.
Authors: Bhattacharyya Pravat , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rings and Cages from Ph3PC and PCl or AsCl Units.
Authors: Schrodel Hans‐Peter , Breitsameter Florian , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Noth Heinrich , Schmidpeter Alfred
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Silatranes.
Authors: Timosheva Natalya V. , Chandrasekaran A. , Day Roberta O. , Holmes Robert R.
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirality and Symmetry Aspects of Spheroarenes, Including Fullerenes.
Authors: Rassat Andre
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Medium and Temperature Effects on the Redox Chemistry of Cytochrome c
Authors: Battistuzzi Gianantonio , Borsari Marco , Sola Marco
Published: May 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limits to the H-mode pedestal pressure gradient in DIII-D
Authors: Groebner R.J. , Snyder P.B. , Osborne T.H. , Leonard A.W. , Rhodes T.L. , Zeng L. , Unterberg E.A. , Yan Z. , McKee G.R. , Lasnier C.J. , Boedo J.A. , Watkins J.G.
Published: May 2010

The spatial and temporal evolution of the total pedestal pressure profile has been measured during the pedestal evolution between successive edge localized modes (ELMs) of type-I ELMing H-mode discharges in DIII-D. Measurements are used to test a model that predicts that kinetic ballooning modes (KBMs) provide a strong constraint on the pedestal pressure gradient obtained during an inter-ELM cycle and cause the pedestal width to scale as the square root of the pedestal poloidal beta. Discharges in two different parameter regimes are examined for evidence that the evolution of the pressure gradient reaches a limit prior to the onset of an ELM. Both discharges show evidence of rapid evolution of the pressure profile very early in the recovery phase from an ELM. In one discharge, the pressure gradient reached approximate steady state within ∼3 ms after the ELM event. In the other discharge, the pressure gradient just inboard of the last closed flux surface reached steady state early in the ELM recovery phase even as the pedestal expanded into the core and the maximum pressure gradient continued to rise during the remainder of the ELM cycle. Simple quantitative theoretical metrics show that pressure gradients in both discharges reached levels that were large enough to excite KBMs. In addition, the peeling–ballooning theory for the onset of type-I ELMs and the EPED1 model for pedestal height and width make predictions consistent with the data of both discharges.
Model for toroidal velocity in H-mode plasmas in the presence of internal transport barriers
Authors: Chatthong B. , Onjun T. , Singhsomroje W.
Published: May 2010

A model for predicting toroidal velocity in H-mode plasmas in the presence of internal transport barriers (ITBs) is developed using an empirical approach. In this model, it is assumed that the toroidal velocity is directly proportional to the local ion temperature. This model is implemented in the BALDUR integrated predictive modelling code so that simulations of ITB plasmas can be carried out self-consistently. In these simulations, a combination of a semi-empirical mixed Bohm/gyro-Bohm (mixed B/gB) core transport model that includes ITB effects and NCLASS neoclassical transport is used to compute a core transport. The boundary is taken to be at the top of the pedestal, where the pedestal values are described using a theory-based pedestal model based on a combination of magnetic and flow shear stabilization pedestal width scaling and an infinite-n ballooning pressure gradient model. The combination of the mixed B/gB core transport model with ITB effects, together with the pedestal and the toroidal velocity models, is used to simulate the time evolution of plasma current, temperature and density profiles of 10 JET optimized shear discharges. It is found that the simulations can reproduce an ITB formation in these discharges. Statistical analyses including root mean square error (RMSE) and offset are used to quantify the agreement. It is found that the averaged RMSE and offset among these discharges are about 24.59% and −0.14%, respectively.
Overview of L–H power threshold studies in NSTX
Authors: Maingi R. , Kaye S.M. , Bell R.E. , Biewer T.M. , Chang C.S. , Gates D.A. , Gerhardt S.P. , Hosea J. , LeBlanc B.P. , Meyer H. , Mueller D. , Park G-Y. , Raman R. , Sabbagh S.A. , Stevenson T.A. , Wilson J.R.
Published: May 2010

A summary of results from recent L–H power threshold (P
LH) experiments in the National Spherical Torus Experiment is presented. First P
LH (normalized linearly by plasma density) was found to be a minimum in double-null configuration, tending to increase as the plasma was shifted more strongly towards lower- or upper-single null configuration with either neutral beam or rf heating. The measured P
LH/n
e was comparable with neutral beam or rf heating, suggesting that rotation was not playing a dominant role in setting the value of P
LH. The role of triangularity (δbot) in setting P
LH/n
e is less clear: while 50% less auxiliary heating power was required to access H-mode at low δbot than at high δbot, the high δbot discharges had lower ohmic heating and higher dW/dt, leading to comparable loss of power over a range of δbot. In addition, the dependences of P
LH on the density, species (helium versus deuterium), plasma current, applied non-axisymmetric error fields and lithium wall conditioning are summarized.
Internal transport barrier formation induced by edge perturbation on LHD
Authors: Inagaki S. , Tamura N. , Ida K. , Kubo S. , Shimozuma T. , Nagayama Y. , Kawahata K. , Sudo S. , Fujisawa A. , Itoh K. , Itoh S.-I.
Published: May 2010

The electron internal transport barrier (ITB) is formed by an edge perturbation induced by a tracer encapsulated solid pellet injection in a net-current free LHD plasma. The ITB trigger by an edge perturbation takes place in the low density regime and the ITB is not accompanied by a significant change in the density. At the onset of the core temperature rise, there is a strong correlation between the heat flux in the central region and the temperature gradient at a distance half of the plasma radius away. A radial temperature profile with a concave curvature abruptly appears in the growing phase of temperature gradient. Turbulence suppression mechanisms via flow and magnetic shears are not sufficient to explain these features.
Dystrophinopathy in Girls With Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Phenotype
Authors: Golla Sailaja , Agadi Satish , Burns Dennis K , Marks Warren , Dev Batish Sat , del Gaudio Daniela , Iannaccone Susan T
Published: May 2010

Objectives:

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a diverse group of myopathic disorders characterized by proximal muscle weakness and hyperCKemia. Mutations encoding sarcoglycans and numerous other proteins have been shown to be responsible for most cases. We report a series of girls with a negative family history for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, demonstrating an LGMD phenotype associated with dystrophinopathy.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of all girls presenting with the LGMD phenotype to our clinic between January 2001 and September 2007 was conducted. Patients 18 years old or younger with dystrophinopathy proven by muscle biopsy and/or gene mutations and a negative family history for affected boys were included in the review.

Results:

Five patients, 4 to 10 years of age at presentation, were included in the series. Four had an LGMD phenotype at presentation. All five patients had hyperCKemia, all five patients had gene mutations, and four patients had muscle biopsy consistent with dystrophinopathy.

Conclusion:

Dystrophinopathy is an important cause of LGMD phenotype in girls and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Rheinheimera nanhaiensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediments, and emended description of the genus Rheinheimera Brettar et al. 2002 emend. Merchant et al. 2007
Authors: Li Hui-Juan , Zhang Xi-Ying , Zhang Yan-Jiao , Zhou Ming-Yang , Gao Zhao-Ming , Chen Xiu-Lan , Dang Hong-Yue , Zhang Yu-Zhong
Published: May 2010

A Gram-negative, facultatively aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain E407-8T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain E407-8T was affiliated with the genus Rheinheimera, sharing the highest sequence similarity with Rheinheimera pacifica KMM 1406T (97.5 %) and Rheinheimera aquimaris SW-353T (97.4 %) and showing less than 97 % sequence similarity to the type strains of other recognized Rheinheimera species. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of strain E407-8T to R. pacifica DSM 17616T and R. aquimaris JCM 14331T were 25.2 % (25.3 % in the duplicate measurement) and 9.4 % (6.5 %), respectively. The bacterium could grow at 10–48 °C (optimum 37 °C) and in the presence of 0–8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5–2.5 %). The major cellular fatty acids of strain E407-8T were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C17 : 1ω8c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The DNA G+C content was 51.0 mol%. Based on the results of our polyphasic taxonomic study, strain E407-8T represents a novel species in the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E407-8T ( = CCTCC AB 209089T  = KACC 14030T). An emended description of the genus Rheinheimera Brettar et al. 2002 emend. Merchant et al. 2007 is also proposed.
Statistical approach to discharge bearing currents
Authors: Smolenski Robert , Kempski Adam , Bojarski Jacek
Published: May 2010

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a statistical approach, which enables the prediction of the risk of the appearance of discharge bearing currents in a given drive that can damage the motor bearings. Using such an approach, the drives for the decisive but expensive, long‐term destructive investigations can be selected. A comparative analysis is presented to show the applicability of the presented statistical model.

Design/methodology/approach

In the paper, a statistical approach to large data sets of measured bearing currents is presented. Weibull distribution has been chosen to describe the amplitudes of bearing currents, whereas exponential distribution is used for the approximation of the awaiting times to puncture. In order to check the hypothesis that these distributions are independent two tests has been conducted:F‐Snedecor, to check equality of mean values and Bartlett's to check variance equality. On this basis, joint distribution is expressed as the product of independent marginal distributions.

Findings

The comparative analyses show that special caution is required for a proper selection of EMI filters. The additional inductance of the filter in a common mode (CM) current path decreases the damping factor of the circuit and significantly increases the risk of bearing damage caused by electric discharge machining currents. The CM transformer is a cheap and effective solution that reduces CM current without increasing the rate and the amplitudes of bearing currents.

Originality/value

This paper presents a new approach to bearing currents that allows prediction of the risk of bearing damage in a given drive.
Transcriptomic and Phenotypic Responses ofListeria monocytogenesStrains Possessing Different Growth Efficiencies under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Bowman John P. , Lee Chang Kim Jye , Pinfold Terry , Ross Tom
Published: May 2010

In an experiment delineating aciduric strains, food and clinicalListeria monocytogenesisolates tended to produce the most biomass whereas ovine and avian strains produced comparatively less biomass when exposed to high levels of sodium diacetate (SD) and potassium sorbate. Compared to reference strains that exhibited greater acid sensitivity, representative food isolates with comparatively good growth capacities in the presence of 21 mM SD at pH 5.0 accumulated reduced levels of acetate anion and K+ion. The aciduric nature of SD-resistant strains was also reflected by comparatively high tolerance to pH 2.4 (HCl) acid challenges, a property boosted by the presence of SD. Exposure to elevated levels of SD (21 mM SD at pH 5.0) was found to have broad effects on gene expression, as differentiated from effects caused by mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.0). SD-resistant strain FW04/0025 was more responsive to elevated SD, increasing the expression of 222 genes (>2-fold change [P< 0.05]), compared to the more sensitive EGD reference strain, which exhibited increases in expression of 112 genes. Key differences between the strains in relation to SD-enhanced transcripts were notably associated with the cell envelope, oxidative stress management, and intermediary metabolism. SD thus appears to differentially influence growth efficiency and survival of strains, under conditions relevant to acidic foods, that could be due to altered cell wall and metabolic phenotypes.
Monitoring stress and recovery: new insights for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players
Authors: Brink Michel S , Visscher Chris , Arends Suzanne , Zwerver Johannes , Post Wendy J , Lemmink Koen APM
Published: May 2010

Objective

Elite youth soccer players have a relatively high risk for injuries and illnesses due to increased physical and psychosocial stress. The aim of this study is to investigate how measures to monitor stress and recovery, and its analysis, provide useful information for the prevention of injuries and illnesses in elite youth soccer players.

Methods

53 elite soccer players between 15 and 18 years of age participated in this study. To determine physical stress, soccer players registered training and match duration and session rating of perceived exertion for two competitive seasons by means of daily training logs. The Dutch version of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for athletes (RESTQ-Sport) was administered monthly to assess the psychosocial stress–recovery state of players. The medical staff collected injury and illness data using the standardised Fédération Internationale de Football Association registration system. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated for injuries and illnesses using multinomial regression analyses. The independent measures were stress and recovery.

Results

During the study period, 320 injuries and 82 illnesses occurred. Multinomial regression demonstrated that physical stress was related to both injury and illness (range OR 1.01 to 2.59). Psychosocial stress and recovery were related the occurrence of illness (range OR 0.56 to 2.27).

Conclusions

Injuries are related to physical stress. Physical stress and psychosocial stress and recovery are important in relation to illness. Individual monitoring of stress and recovery may provide useful information to prevent soccer players from injuries and illnesses.
On the Feasibilities of Using the Wavelet Analysis of Mueller Matrix Images of Biological Crystals
Authors: Dubolazov O. V. , Ushenko A. G. , Bachynsky V. T. , Peresunko A. P. , Vanchulyak O. Ya.
Published: May 2010

The efficiency of using the statistical and fractal analyses for distributions of wavelet coefficients for Mueller matrix images of biological crystal networks inherent to human tissues is theoretically grounded in this work. The authors found interrelations between statistical moments and power spectra for distributions of wavelet coefficients as well as orientation-phase changes in networks of biological crystals. Also determined are the criteria for statistical and fractal diagnostics of changes in the birefringent structure of biological crystal network, which corresponds to pathological changes in tissues.
Robust ESO Two‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Control Design for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wen Jian-Ping , Cao Bing-Gang , Cao Jun-Yi
Published: May 2010

A robust two‐degree‐of‐freedom control scheme is proposed for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using extended state observer (ESO). The robustness is achieved based on the ESO. Parameter perturbation and external disturbances in PMSM drive system are treated as disturbance variable, and then the motion model of PMSM is transformed into an extended state model by introducing this disturbance variable. To estimate the disturbance variable, an ESO is constructed. Estimator is compensated into the control system to improve robustness and adaptability of 2DOF controller against parameter perturbation and external disturbances. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated with simulation results.
Human Perception Test of Discontinuous Force and a Trial of Skill Transfer Using a Five-Fingered Haptic Interface
Authors: Endo Takahiro , Kanno Tomohiro , Kobayashi Mana , Kawasaki Haruhisa
Published: May 2010

In the transferring of expert skills, it takes a great deal of time and effort for beginners to obtain new skills, and it is difficult to teach the skills by using only words. For those reasons, a skill transfer system that uses virtual reality (VR) and a haptic interface technique is very attractive. In this study, we investigated the human perception of fingertip force with respect to the following changes: (1) the spatial change of the presented force, and (2) the change of the time to present the force. Based on the results of the perception experiments, we considered the skill transfer to a person's five fingers by using a five-fingered haptic interface robot.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Neck Node Swelling Suspicious for a Malignancy: An Algorithmic Approach
Authors: Balm A. J. M. , van Velthuysen M. L. F. , Hoebers F. J. P. , Vogel W. V. , van den Brekel M. W. M.
Published: May 2010

Aim. To present an up-to-date algorithm incorporating recent advances regarding its diagnosis and treatment.Method. A Medline/Pubmed search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English from 1990 until 2008. Only clinical studies were identified and were used as basis for the diagnostic algorithm.Results. The eligible literature provided only observational evidence. The vast majority of neck nodes from occult primaries (>90%) represent SCC with a high incidence among middle aged man. Smoking and alcohol abuse are important risk factors. Asiatic and North African patients with neck node metastases are at risk of harbouring an occult nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The remainder are adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, melanoma, thyroid carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reaches sensitivity and specificity percentages of 81% and 100%, respectively and plays an important role as the second diagnostic step after routine ENT mirror and/or endoscopic examination. FDG-PET/CT has proven to be helpful in identifying occult primary carcinomas of the head and neck, especially when applied as a guiding tool prior to panendoscopy, and may induce treatment related clinical decisions in up to 60% of cases.Conclusion. Although reports on the diagnostic process offer mainly descriptive studies, current information seems sufficient to formulate a diagnostic algorithm to contribute to a more systematic diagnostic approach preventing unnecessary steps.
Cost of Having the Largest Mitochondrial Genome: Evolutionary Mechanism of Plant Mitochondrial Genome
Authors: Kitazaki Kazuyoshi , Kubo Tomohiko
Published: May 2010

The angiosperm mitochondrial genome is the largest and least gene-dense among the eukaryotes, because its intergenic regions are expanded. There seems to be no functional constraint on the size of the intergenic regions; angiosperms maintain the large mitochondrial genome size by a currently unknown mechanism. After a brief description of the angiosperm mitochondrial genome, this review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms that control the maintenance and alteration of the genome. In both processes, the control of homologous recombination is crucial in terms of site and frequency. The copy numbers of various types of mitochondrial DNA molecules may also be controlled, especially during transmission of the mitochondrial genome from one generation to the next. An important characteristic of angiosperm mitochondria is that they contain polypeptides that are translated from open reading frames created as byproducts of genome alteration and that are generally nonfunctional. Such polypeptides have potential to evolve into functional ones responsible for mitochondrially encoded traits such as cytoplasmic male sterility or may be remnants of the former functional polypeptides.
Spontaneous Bacterial Pericarditis and Coronary Sinus Endocarditis Caused by Oxacillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Machado Maurício N. , Nakazone Marcelo A. , Takakura Isabela T. , Silva Carolina M. P. D. C. , Maia Lilia N.
Published: May 2010

This paper describes a case of a 44-year-old male patient previously healthy admitted with an unusual spontaneous acute bacterial pericarditis associated with coronary sinus mass. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed large loculated pericardial effusion with signs of diastolic restriction and an image suggesting vegetation in topography of the right atrium coronary sinus. Pericardial drainage, coronary sinus vegetation resection, and antibiotic therapy with Oxacillin were performed due to Oxacillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureusidentified on the pericardial effusion and blood culture. This is a rare condition and a unique combination of a spontaneous acute bacterial pericarditis with coronary sinus endocarditis without cardiac valve compromise.
Do demographic aspects of neighbouring lizard populations differ? A case study with the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis
Authors: Gracceva Giulia , Bologna Marco , Luiselli Luca , Bombi Pierluigi
Published: May 2010

Demographic and morphological aspects of two nearby subpopulations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) were studied, by a capture-mark-recapture procedure, at an archaeological site in the surroundings of Rome, central Italy. In both sites, the births peak was observed in September. Adult sex-ratio was skewed towards males in one subpopulation, but was close to equality in the other. Morphological characteristics were consistent in the two sites, with males always exhibiting larger snout-vent-length and head size. Population size and density, computed by a Jolly-Seber index applied by using POPAN model revealed differences between subpopulations, with lizard density being much higher in the site with higher habitat heterogeneity and shelter availability. Tail condition was similar between sites. The general implications of these data are discussed.
A funnel trap for capture of small arboreal reptiles
Authors: Hardy Giles , Fleming Patricia , Craig Michael , Davis Christine , Grigg Andrew
Published: May 2010

Small arboreal reptiles can be difficult to capture, except in traps, and the physical trap characteristics, drift-fence and bait are critical factors that can influence the efficacy of any trap. We conducted experiments on marbled geckoes (Christinus marmoratus, Gekkonidae) and wall skinks (Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus, Scincidae) that examined bait preferences, attractiveness of different visual and acoustic cues and efficacy of different drift-fence materials to develop a trap for small arboreal reptiles. The experiments showed that both marbled geckos and wall skinks preferred crickets as bait, that wall skinks avoided darkness/cover and that both species had difficulty climbing flashing material covered in oil. This led us to develop an arboreal trap that was made from transparent material, used crickets as bait and had drift-fences constructed from flashing material. When used in the field, the final trap design was effective in capturing arboreal reptiles.
The potential for recovery growth in stunted larvae of
Authors: Jasienski Michal
Published: May 2010

High-density conditions often result in some individuals becoming stunted, when their growth and development are halted. When conditions improve such individuals may be capable of restarting these processes (recovery growth). Stage-specific recovery growth rates were studied in stunted larvae of Rana temporaria which were removed from high density laboratory cultures, reared individually and fed adequately. Tadpoles originated from two montane populations in southern Poland (Babia Gora range and the Tatra Mountains near Zakopane). During 14 days of rapid growth, the Babia Gora larvae fed at high-food level gained on average 167% of body mass; at lower food level the larvae which started recovery growth at Gosner's stages 34-35 had significantly lower daily relative growth rates than the larvae which started at earlier developmental stages (Gosner's 30-32). The Tatra Mountains larvae showed similar pattern: during the 4-day feeding period, larvae gained 44% of body mass, but individuals which were at the beginning at stage 37 grew at the rate 17% lower than those at stages 32-35. In a separate experiment on Rana sylvatica tadpoles from New England, U.S., the initially stunted larvae increased, on average, almost 6-fold in body mass during two weeks of intense growth following the removal from high density cultures. Developmental arrest preserves the potential of the stunted Rana larvae for very fast growth, allowing them to capitalize on transient improvement of living conditions. However, there is a steady decline in the potential for such growth spurt with increasing advancement of ontogenetic development.
Amphibian mortality levels on Spanish country roads: descriptive and spatial analysis
Authors: Sillero Neftalí
Published: May 2010

Road-kills are the greatest source of direct human-induced wildlife mortality, especially in amphibians. Country roads could act as the most important source of mortality when main roads act as strong barriers hampering the migration movements of some species. Mortality patterns of amphibians on country roads (1380 km) were studied in Salamanca (Spain) in order to quantify the mortality levels, to test the effects of sex and age factors on road-kills, to determine the spatial distribution patterns of road-kills, and to identify routes of migration through a friction map and hotspots of road-kills. From a total of 819 records of amphibians, 38.1% were road-killed and 61.9% were live. Fourteen amphibian species were recorded during the surveys (10 anurans and four urodeles). The species more affected by road-kills were the anurans Bufo calamita, Pelobates cultripes and B. bufo (38.5, 23.4 and 11.9%, respectively). Females had higher incidence of road-kills than males, due to the differential activity patterns of both sexes during the reproductive period. Adults were the most common age period and also the most road-killed. The spatial distribution patterns of live and road-killed records were clustered. On the sampled roads, there were 0.23 road-kills per kilometre and 52 hotspots of road-kills. The friction map showed that most of the road-killed and live specimens were located on migration routes crossing suitable habitats. Conservation measures should be implemented in these areas, as these mortality patterns may be causing significant negative impacts at the population level.