bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in postmenopausal women with reduced bone mineral density
Authors: Yan Litao , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Tiantian , Qi Zhiming , Li Huan , Nan Hao , Wang Kun , Luo Di , Hua Fei , Wang Wendong
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is closely associated with bone homeostasis. However, little is known about the relationships among the bone mineral density (BMD) index, bone turnover markers, and the gut microbiota and its metabolites in postmenopausal women.

Methods

In this study, to understand gut microbiota signatures and serum metabolite changes in postmenopausal women with reduced BMD, postmenopausal individuals with normal or reduced BMD were recruited and divided into normal and OS groups. Feces and serum samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics and integrated analysis.

Results

The results demonstrated that bacterial richness and diversity were greater in the OS group than in the normal group. Additionally, distinguishing bacteria were found among the two groups and were closely associated with the BMD index and bone turnover markers. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the expression of serum metabolites, such as etiocholanolone, testosterone sulfate, and indole-3-pyruvic acid, and the corresponding signaling pathways, especially those involved in tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid degradation and steroid hormone biosynthesis, also changed significantly. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between normal group-enriched Bacteroides abundance and normal group-enriched etiocholanolone and testosterone sulfate abundances; in particular, Bacteroides correlated positively with BMD. Importantly, the tryptophan-indole metabolism pathway was uniquely metabolized by the gut bacteria-derived tnaA gene, the predicted abundance of which was significantly greater in the normal group than in the control group, and the abundance of Bacteroides was strongly correlated with the tnaA gene.

Discussion

Our results indicated a clear difference in the gut microbiota and serum metabolites of postmenopausal women. Specifically altered bacteria and derived metabolites were closely associated with the BMD index and bone turnover markers, indicating the potential of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites as modifiable factors and therapeutic targets for preventing osteoporosis.
Biological features of fowl adenovirus serotype-4
Authors: Rashid Farooq , Xie Zhixun , Wei You , Xie Zhiqin , Xie Liji , Li Meng , Luo Sisi
Published: June 2024

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is highly pathogenic to broilers aged 3 to 5 weeks and has caused considerable economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. FAdV-4 is the causative agent of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) or hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). The virus targets mainly the liver, and HPS symptoms are observed in infected chickens. This disease was first reported in Pakistan but has now spread worldwide, and over time, various deletions in the FAdV genome and mutations in its major structural proteins have been detected. This review provides detailed information about FAdV-4 genome organization, physiological features, epidemiology, coinfection with other viruses, and host immune suppression. Moreover, we investigated the role and functions of important structural proteins in FAdV-4 pathogenesis. Finally, the potential regulatory effects of FAdV-4 infection on ncRNAs are also discussed.
Pathogenic spectrum and drug resistance of bloodstream infection in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a single centre retrospective study
Authors: Wu Han , Li Manning , Shou Chunyi , Shi Fangfang , Song Xiaolu , Hu Qingfeng , Wang Ying , Chen Yirui , Tong Xiangmin
Published: June 2024

Background

Bloodstream infection (BSI) represent a prevalent complication in haematological malignancies (HMs). Typically, Patients with BSI usually undergo empirical treatment pending pathogen identification. The timely and effective management of BSIs significantly influences patient prognosis. However, pathogen distribution in BSIs exhibits regional variation. In this study, we investigated the clinical characteristics, pathogen spectrum, drug resistance, risk factors of short-term prognosis and long-term prognostic factors of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with BSI at Zhejiang Provincal People’s Hospital.

Methods

From 2019 to 2021, a total of 56 AML patients with BSI were treated in the Department of Haematology at Zhejiang Province People’s Hospital. Data regarding pathogen spectrum and drug resistance were collected for analysis. The patients were stratified into non-survivor cohort and survivor cohort within 30 days after BSI, and the predictors of 30-days mortality were identified through both univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were employed to ascertain the risk factors associated with poor prognosis in AML patients complicated by BSI.

Results

A total of 70 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 56 AML patients with BSI. Gram-negative bacteria constituted the predominant pathogens (71.4%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most prevalent (22.9%). Gram-positive bacteria and fungi accounted for 22.9% and 5.7%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in total protein, albumin levels, and the presence of septic shock between the non-survivor cohort and the survior cohort 30 days post-BSI. COX regression analysis showed that agranulocytosis duration exceeding 20 days (HR:3.854; 95% CI: 1.451–10.242) and septic shock (HR:3.788; 95% CI: 1.729–8.299) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in AML patients complicated by BSI. Notably, the mortality rate within 30 days after Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection was up to 71.4%.

Conclusions

In this study, Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae, constituted the primary pathogens among AML patients with BSIs. Serum albumin levels and the presence of septic shock emerged as independent risk factors for mortality within 30 days among AML patients with BSI. In terms of long-term prognosis, extended agranulocytosis duration exceeding 20 days and septic shock were associated with elevated mortality rates in AML patients with BSI. Additionally, in our centre, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection was found to be associated with a poor prognosis. Early intervention for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in our centre could potentially improve patient outcomes.
The crossroads of tradition and modern technology: integrative approaches to studying carnivores in low density ecosystems
Authors: Finerty Genevieve E. , Borrego Natalia , Alibhai Sky K. , Jewell Zoe C. , Tschanz Philippe , Balone Trevor , Gabaikanye Tebelelo , Gana Moisapodi , Monnaanoka Supula , Mamou Mosepele , Pudidaroma Sokwa , Tshiama Meno , Tshiama Mpho , Araldi Alessandro , Crofoot Margaret C. , Henley Steve , Ithuteng Pogiso ‘Africa’ , Schiess-Meier Monika
Published: June 2024

The study of large carnivores in semi-arid ecosystems presents inherent challenges due to their low densities, extensive home ranges, and elusive nature. We explore the potential for the synthesis of traditional knowledge (i.e. art of tracking) and modern technology to address challenges in conservation and wildlife research in these challenging environments. Our research focuses on the African lion (Panthera leo) in the Central Kalahari region of Botswana as a model system to demonstrate the potential of this integrative approach. Combining GPS tracking and traditional San trackers’ expertise, we present two case studies: (1) the individual identification of lions via a combination of tracking and footprint analysis and (2) the monitoring of territorial behavior through a combination of GPS technology (i.e. GPS collars and handheld GPS devices) and non-invasive tracking. These approaches enhance our understanding of carnivore ecology as well as support conservation efforts by offering a non-invasive, cost-effective, and highly accurate means of monitoring populations. Our findings underscore the value of merging traditional tracking skills with contemporary analytical and technological developments to offer new insights into the ecology of carnivores in challenging environments. This approach not only improves data collection accuracy and efficiency but also fosters a deeper understanding of wildlife, ensuring the conservation and sustainable management of these species. Our work advocates for the inclusion of indigenous knowledge in conservation science, highlighting its relevance and applicability across various disciplines, thereby broadening the methodologies used to study wildlife, monitor populations, and inform conservation strategies.
Clinical characteristics of apixaban prescription in AF patients with single dose-reduction criterion: the ASPIRE (efficAcy and safety of aPixaban in rEal-world practice in Korean frail patients with atrial fibrillation) study
Authors: Choi JungMin , Lee So-Ryoung , Kwon Soonil , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Park Jong-Sung , Choi Jong-Il , Lee Sung Ho , Heo Jung Ho , Oh Il-Young , On Young Keun , Yu Hee Tae , Lee Kwang-No , Kim Nam-Ho , Park Hyung Wook , Lee Ki Hong , Shin Seung Yong , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Han Seongwook , Choi Eue-Keun
Published: June 2024

Background

Data on off-label reduced dose risk among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who qualify for a single-dose reduction of apixaban is scarce.

Objectives

We prospectively assessed apixaban dosing and clinical characteristics in AF patients meeting a dose reduction criterion.

Methods

The multicentre, prospective cohort study, the efficAcy and Safety of aPixaban In REal-world practice in Korean frail patients with AF (ASPIRE), encompasses patients with AF who met the criteria for a single-dose reduction of apixaban and were given varying doses of apixaban, either the on-label standard dose or the off-label reduced dose.

Results

Of 2,000 patients (mean age 74.3 ± 7.9 years, 55.8% women), 29.7% were ≥80 years, 62.6% weighed ≤60 kg, and 7.8% had serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL. Of these, 51.3% were prescribed an off-label reduced dose of apixaban. The off-label group was characterized with older age, more comorbidities, and antiplatelet agents, while the on-label group had more prior strokes. Physicians preferred off-label reduced dose in the “marginal zone,” defined as age 75–80 years, weight 60–65 kg, and creatinine levels 1.2–1.5 mg/dL.

Conclusions

In real-world clinical setting of the Korean population, off-label reduced dose apixaban was administered to nearly half of the patients who qualified for a single dose reduction. This reduced dosage was more commonly prescribed to patients with frail characteristics, while patients with a history of stroke were more often given the standard dose as per the label. A future study is planned to contrast the safety and effectiveness of the standard dose against the reduced dose of apixaban in this population.
Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia and atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia in a patient with cancer under chemotherapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dai Meiyan , Chen Yue , Qin Jin
Published: June 2024

Cardio-oncology is a new field of interest in cardiology focusing on the detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmias, myocarditis, and heart failure, as side-effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The association between chemotherapeutic agents and arrhythmias has previously been established. Atrial tachyarrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, are most common, but ventricular arrhythmias, including those related to treatment-induced QT prolongation, and bradyarrhythmias can also occur. However, the association between chemotherapeutic agents and atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT)/atrioventricular node re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT) remains poorly understood. Here, we report a patient with new-onset AVRT/AVNRT and lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy. We considered that chemotherapy or cancer itself may have been a trigger for the initiation of paroxysmal AVRT/AVNRT, and that radiofrequency catheter ablation was effective in treating this type of tachycardia. Here, possible mechanisms and potential genes (mostly ion channels) involved in AVRT/AVNRT are summarized and the mechanisms underlying the possible regulatory patterns of cancer cells and chemotherapy on ion channels are reviewed. Finally, we considered that ion channel abnormalities may link cancer or chemotherapy to the onset of AVRT/AVNRT. The aim of the present study was to highlight the association between chemotherapeutic agents and AVRT/AVNRT and to provide new insights for future research. Understanding the intermediate mechanisms between chemotherapeutic agents and AVRT/AVNRT may be beneficial in preventing chemotherapy-evoked AVRT/AVNRT (and/or other arrhythmias) in future.
Geological modeling of a tectonically controlled hydrothermal system in the southwestern part of the Pannonian basin (Croatia)
Authors: Kosović Ivan , Matoš Bojan , Pavičić Ivica , Pola Marco , Mileusnić Morena , Pavić Mirja , Borović Staša
Published: June 2024

Geothermal energy is an important resource in the green economy transition. For the preservation of a geothermal resource it is crucial to assess its renewability and the sustainability of the exploitation. These aspects are influenced by the interaction among the physical, chemical, geological, and hydrogeological processes. The reconstruction of the geological assemblage allows the detailing of the geometries of the reservoir and fracture systems that influence the fluid flow and the water/rock interaction. The control of regional/local scale fault and fold systems on the development of the Daruvar hydrothermal system (DHS), located in Croatian part of the Pannonian basin, is detailed in this work. Field investigations were conducted to collect structural data on strata orientation and fault/fracture systems. The dataset was integrated with geological and geophysical data to develop composite geological profiles and a 3D geological model. Results display a pattern of generally N-S and E-W striking folds and cogenetic fracture systems with orientations parallel to the fold axes. The geological reconstruction was integrated with geophysical, hydrogeological, and geochemical data to propose a conceptual model of the DHS. The DHS is a topographically driven system hosted in a Mesozoic carbonate reservoir where E-W striking fracture systems are regional flow paths that enable infiltration of meteoric water to 1 km depth and its reheating in its reservoir area. In Daruvar, an anticline and fault/fracture systems accommodate the uplift of reservoir to shallow depths, promoting the bedrock fracturing and increase of the permeability field. These conditions favor the localized upwelling of thermal water resulting in four thermal springs (38°C and 50°C) in Daruvar city area. This work highlights the importance of employing a multidisciplinary approach to detail the complex interaction among the processes driving the geothermal resource.
Development of a metacognition co-curriculum for a university course in introductory organic chemistry
Authors: MacNeil Stephen L. , Wood Eileen , Arslantas Fatma
Published: June 2024

Metacognition is a fundamental skill that allows advanced learners to adapt to diverse learning environments. Metacognition, however, can be domain specific and students may fail to generalize metacognitive skills across domains. Thus, students in higher education may require specific training to acquire relevant metacognitive skills in differing domains or may need cueing to engage their metacognitive skills and knowledge in new domains. The present report describes the development of a co-curricular metacognitive program for chemistry students and suggests how this program could be adopted by other chemistry courses or adapted for other domains in higher education. Several supports were introduced in this program including self-assessment of competence with learning task inventories (LTIs; i.e., detailed lists of learning tasks), self-assessments of confidence regarding in-class content questions, and performance predictions and postdictions on tests. In general, exposure to these supports resulted in overall performance and confidence gains. However, individual differences were evident with some students demonstrating greater learning gains than others. Initial Dunning-Kruger effects associated with pre-and postdictions, with low-performing students overestimating grades and high-performing students underestimating grades, decreased over exposure. A summary of the evolution of this metacognitive co-curricular program, the educational literature that steered it, and the differential impact on students is explained.
Developing research networks in schools: the role of network intentionality and research engagement
Authors: Cornelissen Frank , McLellan Ros , Daly Alan
Published: June 2024

The Anglo-Saxon world has a long history of promoting research engagement with teachers and schools. However, over the years it became evident that building such research engagement in schools is challenging. This study examined factors that may influence the development of research-engaged relationships among colleagues. A survey study, including a social network analysis, was conducted. The findings indicate that both individual educators’ intentional network behavior and their perception of research engagement among school colleagues play a role in educators’ tendency to seek out school colleagues to engage in and with research. More specifically, analyses revealed that educators’ perceived research engagement in school is not mediating the relationship between their intentional network behavior and the size of their research network. This finding could imply that strengthening educators’ intentional network behavior may provide a crucial strategy for boosting the collegial interaction around research in schools.
Assessing the genetic relationship between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Ying , Li Hu , Yang Xingliang , Li Tao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the impacts of phimosis on the health of the genitourinary system through Mendelian random analysis.

Material and method

A dual-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. The inverse variance weighted based on the random effects model (Re-IVW) method was used as the main statistical analysis. Complementary methods, including weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), were applied to detect or correct the impact of horizontal pleiotropy.

Result

Re-IVW showed a genetic predictive causal relationship of phimosis on glomerulonephritis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.37 [1.13–1.65], p = 0.00149) and IgA glomerulonephritis (OR: 1.57 [1.18–2.09), p = 0.00187). Suggestive evidence indicated that phimosis was associated with chronic nephritis syndrome (OR: 1.23 (1.00–1.51), p = 0.0481], acute nephritis syndrome (OR: 1.50 [1.13–2.01], p = 0.0058), and impotence (OR: 1.39 [1.11–1.73], p = 0.0035). Kidney and ureteral stone (OR: 1.14 [1.04–1.26], p = 0.0069), urethral strictures (OR: 1.26 [1.07–1.48], p = 0.0050), benign prostatic hyperplasia (OR: 1.07 [1.01–1.13], p = 0.0242), and decreased testicular function (OR: 0.72 [0.56–0.94], p = 0.0141) have genetically predictive causal relationships.

Conclusion

In summary, we employed a series of reliable analytical methods to investigate the association between phimosis and 26 urogenital diseases. We have reported several strong associations, but more research is needed to evaluate whether this discovery is replicated in other environments and to gain a better understanding of potential mechanisms.
The impact of obesity on rates of post-operative CSF leak following endoscopic skull base surgery: results from a prospective international multi-centre cohort study
Authors:   CRANIAL Consortium
Published: June 2024

Aims

Post-operative CSF leak is the major source of morbidity following transsphenoidal approaches (TSA) and expanded endonasal approaches (EEA) to lesions of the sella turcica and the ventral skull base. There are conflicting reports in the literature as to whether obesity (BMI ≥30) is a risk factor for this complication. We aimed to evaluate data collected as part of prospective multi-centre cohort study to address this question.

Methods

The CRANIAL (CSF Rhinorrhoea After Endonasal Intervention to the Skull Base) study database was reviewed and patients were divided into obese and non-obese cohorts. Data on patient demographics, underlying pathology, intra-operative findings and skull base repair techniques were analysed.

Results

TSA were performed on 726 patients, of whom 210 were obese and 516 were non-obese. The rate of post-operative CSF leak in the obese cohort was 11/210 (5%), compared to 17/516 (3%) in the non-obese cohort, which was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.520, p=0.217). EEA were performed on 140 patients, of whom 28 were obese and 112 were non-obese. The rate of post-operative CSF leak in the obese cohort was 2/28 (7%), which was identical to the rate observed in the non-obese cohort 8/112 (7%) Fisher’s Exact Test, p=1.000). These results persisted following adjustment for inter-institutional variation and baseline risk of post-operative CSF leak.

Conclusion

CSF leak rates following TSA and EEA, in association with modern skull base repair techniques, were found to be low in both obese and non-obese patients. However, due to the low rate of post-operative CSF leak, we were unable to fully exclude a small contributory effect of obesity to the risk of this complication.
Analysis of risk factors and clinical implications for diabetes in first-degree relatives in the northeastern region of China
Authors: He Zhenglin , Yamana Hayato , Yasunaga Hideo , Li Hongjun , Wang Xue
Published: June 2024

Background

The prevalence of diabetes has risen fast with a considerable weighted prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes or uncontrolled diabetes. Then it becomes more necessary to timely screen out and monitor high-risk populations who are likely to be ignored during the COVID-19 pandemic. To classify and find the common risks of undiagnosed diabetes and uncontrolled diabetes, it’s beneficial to put specific risk control measures into effect for comprehensive primary care. Especially, there is a need for accurate yet accessible prediction models.

Objective

Based on a cross-sectional study and secondary analysis on the health examination held in Changchun City (2016), we aimed to evaluate the factors associated with hyperglycemia, analyze the management status of T2DM, and determine the best cutoff value of incidence of diabetes in the first-degree relatives to suggest the necessity of early diagnosis of diabetes after first screening.

Results

A total of 5658 volunteers were analyzed. Prevalence of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose were 8.4% (n=477) and 11.5% (n=648), respectively. There were 925 participants (16.3%) with a family history of T2DM in their first-degree relatives. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that family history was associated with hyperglycemia. Among the 477 patients with T2DM, 40.9% had not been previously diagnosed. The predictive equation was calculated with the following logistic regression parameters with 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67–0.76) of the area under the ROC curve, 64.0% of sensitivity and 29% of specificity (P < 0.001): P = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-z}}, where z = -3.08 + [0.89 (Family history-group) + 0.69 (age-group)+ 0.25 (BMI-group)]. Positive family history was associated with the diagnosis of T2DM, but not glucose level in the diagnosed patients. The best cutoff value of incidence of diabetes in the first-degree relatives was 9.55% (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Family history of diabetes was independently associated with glucose dysfunction. Classification by the first-degree relatives with diabetes is prominent for targeting high-risk population. Meanwhile, positive family history of diabetes was associated with diabetes being diagnosed rather than the glycemic control in patients who had been diagnosed. It’s necessary to emphasize the linkage between early diagnosis and positive family history for high proportions of undiagnosed T2DM.
Genetic and clinical characteristics of patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency from Slovenia and Pakistan: case series and systematic literature review
Authors: Ain Quratul , Cevc Matija , Marusic Tatiana , Sikonja Jaka , Sadiq Fouzia , Sustar Ursa , Mlinaric Matej , Kovac Jernej , Batool Hijab , Khan Mohammad Iqbal , Trebusak Podkrajsek Katarina , Bizjan Barbara Jenko , Battelino Tadej , Fras Zlatko , Ajmal Muhammad , Groselj Urh
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a complex disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors that frequently results from loss-of-function variants in the gene encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Heterozygous patients have a range of symptoms, while homozygous LPL deficiency presents with severe symptoms including acute pancreatitis, xanthomas, and lipemia retinalis.

Methods

We described the clinical characteristics of three Slovenian patients (an 8-year-old female, an 18-year-old man, and a 57-year-old female) and one Pakistani patient (a 59-year-old male) with LPL deficiency. We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting all coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of the LPL gene, and Sanger sequencing for variant confirmation. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review of all cases with three identified variants and described their clinical characteristics.

Results

Two Slovenian patients with a heterozygous pathogenic variant NM_000237.3:c.984G>T (p.Met328Ile) were diagnosed within the first three years of life and had triglyceride (TG) values of 16 and 20 mmol/L. An asymptomatic Pakistani patient with TG values of 36.8 mmol/L until the age of 44 years, was identified as heterozygous for a pathogenic variant NM_000237.3:c.724G>A (p.Asp242Asn). His TG levels dropped to 12.7 mmol/L on dietary modifications and by using fibrates. A Slovenian patient who first suffered from pancreatitis at the age of 18 years with a TG value of 34 mmol/L was found to be homozygous for NM_000237.3:c.337T>C (p.Trp113Arg).

Conclusions

Patients with LPL deficiency had high TG levels at diagnosis. Homozygous patients had worse outcomes. Good diet and medication compliance can reduce severity.
Atherogenic index of plasma: a new indicator for assessing the short-term mortality of patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Yu Meng , Yang Hongyi , Kuang Maobin , Qiu Jiajun , Yu Changhui , Xie Guobo , Sheng Guotai , Zou Yang
Published: June 2024

Objective

Arteriosclerosis is a primary causative factor in cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the 30-day mortality rate in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).

Methods

A total of 1,248 ADHF patients recruited from the Jiangxi-Acute Decompensated Heart Failure1 (JX-ADHF1) cohort between 2019 and 2022 were selected for this study. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality rate. Multivariable Cox regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and stratified analyses were utilized to assess the relationship between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients. Mediation models were employed for exploratory analysis of the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and nutrition in the association between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients.

Results

During the 30-day follow-up, 42 (3.37%) of the ADHF patients died. The mortality rates corresponding to the quartiles of AIP were as follows: Q1: 1.28%, Q2: 2.88%, Q3: 2.88%, Q4: 6.41%. The multivariable Cox regression revealed a positive correlation between high AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients [Hazard ratio (HR) 3.94, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–14.28], independent of age, gender, heart failure type, cardiac function classification, and comorbidities. It is important to note that there was a U-shaped curve association between AIP (<0.24) and the 30-day mortality rate before the fourth quartile, with the lowest 30-day mortality risk in ADHF patients around an AIP of -0.1. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested significant mediating effects of inflammation and nutrition on the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients related to AIP, with inflammation accounting for approximately 24.29% and nutrition for about 8.16% of the mediation effect.

Conclusion

This retrospective cohort analysis reveals for the first time the association between AIP and the 30-day mortality rate in ADHF patients. According to our findings, maintaining an AIP around -0.1 in ADHF patients could be crucial for improving poor prognoses from a medical perspective. Additionally, for ADHF patients with high AIP, it is important to assess and, if necessary, enhance nutritional support and anti-inflammatory treatment.
Unveiling the causal link between metabolic factors and ovarian cancer risk using Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Han Li , Xu Shuling , Zhou Dongqi , Chen Rumeng , Ding Yining , Zhang Mengling , Bao Meihua , He Binsheng , Li Sen
Published: June 2024

Background

Metabolic abnormalities are closely tied to the development of ovarian cancer (OC), yet the relationship between anthropometric indicators as risk indicators for metabolic abnormalities and OC lacks consistency.

Method

The Mendelian randomization (MR) approach is a widely used methodology for determining causal relationships. Our study employed summary statistics from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and we used inverse variance weighting (IVW) together with MR-Egger and weighted median (WM) supplementary analyses to assess causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Furthermore, additional sensitivity studies, such as leave-one-out analyses and MR-PRESSO were used to assess the stability of the associations.

Result

The IVW findings demonstrated a causal associations between 10 metabolic factors and an increased risk of OC. Including “Basal metabolic rate” (OR= 1.24, P= 6.86×10-4); “Body fat percentage” (OR= 1.22, P= 8.20×10-3); “Hip circumference” (OR= 1.20, P= 5.92×10-4); “Trunk fat mass” (OR= 1.15, P= 1.03×10-2); “Trunk fat percentage” (OR= 1.25, P= 8.55×10-4); “Waist circumference” (OR= 1.23, P= 3.28×10-3); “Weight” (OR= 1.21, P= 9.82×10-4); “Whole body fat mass” (OR= 1.21, P= 4.90×10-4); “Whole body fat-free mass” (OR= 1.19, P= 4.11×10-3) and “Whole body water mass” (OR= 1.21, P= 1.85×10-3).

Conclusion

Several metabolic markers linked to altered fat accumulation and distribution are significantly associated with an increased risk of OC.
A series resistance extraction method for health evaluation of photovoltaic modules
Authors: Wang Shinong , Wu Hongwei , Ge Yuan , Liu Shilin , Ahmed Amer Ragab
Published: June 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) modules must be monitored and evaluated in real-time during long-term operations to maintain a high performance, and series resistance is a critical component of this process. However, existing series resistance extraction methods may have either low accuracy or a very complex solution process. Worth mentioning, the size of this series resistance depends on environmental conditions, and the extraction results under different environments cannot be mutually referenced and compared. In this study, an analytical method for series resistance was derived, and a correction method for I–V curves that differs from the IEC 60891 standard was proposed, based on the derivative of the I–V characteristic curve of PV modules. The proposed analytical method was compared with three other methods for PV modules with three varied materials, and the influence of the ideality factor on parameter accuracy was also assessed. The obtained results showed that the proposed method can achieve high accuracy through an analytical expression. In addition, the I–V curves of a PV module operating for more than 6 years were corrected to fit the expected environmental conditions via the proposed correction method. Upon the calculated average value of the series resistance, the results indicated that the PV module has slightly aged, which verifies the effectiveness of the recommended method.
Effect of H2/CO addition on soot formation in ethylene diffusion flame
Authors: Zhang Yindi , Xue Yijing , Xu Zichun , Zeng Fanjin , Xin Yue , Chen Qinghai , Takyi Shadrack Adjei
Published: June 2024

Coupling the San Diego gas phase reaction mechanism and the Moss Brookes soot model using FLUENT14.0 software, the effect of adding H2/CO on the fuel side on soot formation in an ethylene/air laminar diffusion flame was studied. A specific analysis was conducted on the effects of H2, CO and its chemical effects on flame temperature, soot volume fraction, mole fractions of important intermediate products OH, H, and C2H2, as well as rate of soot mass nucleation, surface growth, and oxidation. In the numerical calculation, the virtual substances FH2 and FCO are set to separate the chemical effect of H2 and CO and to analyze the chemical effect of adding H2 and CO on soot formation. The results show that the flame temperature increases slightly, and the soot volume fraction decreases monotonically with adding H2 and CO. The chemical effect of H2 increases the temperature, the mole fraction of C2H2 and H, the soot nucleation rate, and the surface growth rate, and finally, it promotes soot formation. The chemical effect of CO increases the temperature and H mole fraction, reduces the OH mole fraction, and then increases the soot surface growth rate and reduces the soot oxidation rate. The higher soot nucleation, surface growth rate, and lower oxidation rate jointly promote soot formation.
Assessment of in-situ tidal marsh erodibility under high flow velocities
Authors: van den Berg M. , Rikkert S. J. H. , Aarninkhof S. G. J. , Labeur R. J.
Published: June 2024

Coastal flood risk is expected to increase due to climate change and population growth. Much of our coastlines is protected by “grey” infrastructure such as a dike. Dike maintenance and strengthening requires ever increasing capital and space, putting their economic viability in question. To combat this trend, more sustainable alternatives are explored, also known as Nature based Solutions. A promising option has shown to be tidal marshes. Tidal marshes are coastal wetlands with high ecological and economic value. Also, they protect dikes through wave attenuation and in case of a dike breach reduce its development. However, the effectiveness of a tidal marsh on reducing dike breach development rates highly depends on the stability of the tidal marsh itself. Not much is known about the stability of a tidal marsh under dike breach conditions, which are accompanied with flow velocities that can reach 4–5 m s−1. In this study we tested the vegetation response and erodibility of a mature tidal marsh,in-situ, under high flow velocities (>0.5 m s−1). Our results confirm that tidal marshes similar to the one tested in this study are highly erosion resistant with low erodibility. More research is necessary to confirm this for tidal marshes with different soil and vegetation properties. For tidal marshes similar to what is tested thus far, erosion under dike breach conditions is negligible and other erosion mechanisms such as headcut erosion probably dominate the erosion process.
Precise mapping of coastal wetlands using time-series remote sensing images and deep learning model
Authors: Ke Lina , Lu Yao , Tan Qin , Zhao Yu , Wang Quanming
Published: June 2024

Mapping coastal wetlands' spatial distribution and spatiotemporal dynamics is crucial for ecological conservation and restoration efforts. However, the high hydrological dynamics and steep environmental gradients pose challenges for precise mapping. This study developed a new method for mapping coastal wetlands using time-series remote sensing images and a deep learning model. Precise mapping and change analysis were conducted in the Liaohe Estuary Reserve in 2017 and 2022. The results demonstrated the superiority of Temporal Optimize Features (TOFs) in feature importance and classification accuracy. Incorporating TOFs into the ResNet model effectively combined temporal and spatial information, enhancing coastal wetland mapping accuracy. Comparative analysis revealed ecological restoration trends, emphasizing artificial restoration's predominant role in salt marsh vegetation rehabilitation. These findings provide essential technical support for coastal wetland ecosystem monitoring and contribute to the study of sustainability under global climate change.
Karyotype depends on sperm head morphology in some amniote groups
Authors: Kramer Eric M. , Enelamah Joshua , Fang Hao , Tayjasanant P. A.
Published: June 2024

The karyotype of an organism is the set of gross features that characterize the way the genome is packaged into separate chromosomes. It has been known for decades that different taxonomic groups often have distinct karyotypic features, but whether selective forces act to maintain these differences over evolutionary timescales is an open question. In this paper we analyze a database of karyotype features and sperm head morphology in 103 mammal species with spatulate sperm heads and 90 sauropsid species (birds and non-avian reptiles) with vermiform heads. We find that mammal species with a larger head area have more chromosomes, while sauropsid species with longer heads have a wider range of chromosome lengths. These results remain significant after controlling for genome size, so sperm head morphology is the relevant variable. This suggest that post-copulatory sexual selection, by acting on sperm head shape, can influence genome architecture.
Longitudinal changes in DNA methylation during the onset of islet autoimmunity differentiate between reversion versus progression of islet autoimmunity
Authors: Carry Patrick M. , Vanderlinden Lauren A. , Johnson Randi K. , Buckner Teresa , Steck Andrea K. , Kechris Katerina , Yang Ivana V. , Fingerlin Tasha E. , Fiehn Oliver , Rewers Marian , Norris Jill M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by a heterogenous pre-clinical phase, islet autoimmunity (IA). We aimed to identify pre vs. post-IA seroconversion (SV) changes in DNAm that differed across three IA progression phenotypes, those who lose autoantibodies (reverters), progress to clinical T1D (progressors), or maintain autoantibody levels (maintainers).

Methods

This epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) included longitudinal DNAm measurements in blood (Illumina 450K and EPIC) from participants in Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) who developed IA, one or more islet autoantibodies on at least two consecutive visits. We compared reverters - individuals who sero-reverted, negative for all autoantibodies on at least two consecutive visits and did not develop T1D (n=41); maintainers - continued to test positive for autoantibodies but did not develop T1D (n=60); progressors - developed clinical T1D (n=42). DNAm data were measured before (pre-SV visit) and after IA (post-SV visit). Linear mixed models were used to test for differences in pre- vs post-SV changes in DNAm across the three groups. Linear mixed models were also used to test for group differences in average DNAm. Cell proportions, age, and sex were adjusted for in all models. Median follow-up across all participants was 15.5 yrs. (interquartile range (IQR): 10.8-18.7).

Results

The median age at the pre-SV visit was 2.2 yrs. (IQR: 0.8-5.3) in progressors, compared to 6.0 yrs. (IQR: 1.3-8.4) in reverters, and 5.7 yrs. (IQR: 1.4-9.7) in maintainers. Median time between the visits was similar in reverters 1.4 yrs. (IQR: 1-1.9), maintainers 1.3 yrs. (IQR: 1.0-2.0), and progressors 1.8 yrs. (IQR: 1.0-2.0). Changes in DNAm, pre- vs post-SV, differed across the groups at one site (cg16066195) and 11 regions. Average DNAm (mean of pre- and post-SV) differed across 22 regions.

Conclusion

Differentially changing DNAm regions were located in genomic areas related to beta cell function, immune cell differentiation, and immune cell function.
Methods to accelerate fracture healing – a narrative review from a clinical perspective
Authors: Ganse Bergita
Published: June 2024

Bone regeneration is a complex pathophysiological process determined by molecular, cellular, and biomechanical factors, including immune cells and growth factors. Fracture healing usually takes several weeks to months, during which patients are frequently immobilized and unable to work. As immobilization is associated with negative health and socioeconomic effects, it would be desirable if fracture healing could be accelerated and the healing time shortened. However, interventions for this purpose are not yet part of current clinical treatment guidelines, and there has never been a comprehensive review specifically on this topic. Therefore, this narrative review provides an overview of the available clinical evidence on methods that accelerate fracture healing, with a focus on clinical applicability in healthy patients without bone disease. The most promising methods identified are the application of axial micromovement, electromagnetic stimulation with electromagnetic fields and direct electric currents, as well as the administration of growth factors and parathyroid hormone. Some interventions have been shown to reduce the healing time by up to 20 to 30%, potentially equivalent to several weeks. As a combination of methods could decrease the healing time even further than one method alone, especially if their mechanisms of action differ, clinical studies in human patients are needed to assess the individual and combined effects on healing progress. Studies are also necessary to determine the ideal settings for the interventions, i.e., optimal frequencies, intensities, and exposure times throughout the separate healing phases. More clinical research is also desirable to create an evidence base for clinical guidelines. To make it easier to conduct these investigations, the development of new methods that allow better quantification of fracture-healing progress and speed in human patients is needed.
Clinician and administrator perspectives on outpatient administration of ciltacabtagene autoleucel in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Hansen Doris K. , Dhakal Binod , Hamadani Mehdi , Dingli David , Jain Tania , Huff Carol Ann , Janakiram Murali , Liu Yi-Hsuan , De Braganca Kevin C. , Lodowski Nicole , Sander Jennifer , Okorozo Peter , McFarland Lindsay , Perciavalle Matthew , Huo Stephen , Qureshi Zaina P. , Patel Krina K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR T therapy) is a treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma that has led to unprecedented treatment outcomes. Among CAR T therapies available, ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) is a good candidate for outpatient administration due to its generally predictable safety profile. There are multiple advantages of outpatient administration of cilta-cel, including reduced healthcare burden, expanded access, and patient autonomy. This mixed methods qualitative study aimed to identify key factors for outpatient administration of CAR T and best practice recommendations by combining a targeted literature review with expert interviews and panels.

Methods

The targeted review (Phase 1) aimed to identify factors for outpatient CAR T administration in the US and determine key topics for the exploratory interviews (Phase 2) and expert panels (Phase 3), which aimed to inform on best practices and challenges of outpatient CAR T administration (focusing on cilta-cel). Participants in clinical and administrative positions based in treatment centers that had experience with real-world outpatient administration of cilta-cel were recruited.

Results

Seventeen studies were identified in Phase 1. Key factors for outpatient administration included the development of protocols for CAR T complications, education for caregivers, outpatient specialists, hospital staff, and emergency services staff for identification and referral after possible adverse events, the creation of multidisciplinary teams for effective communication and management, straightforward patient intake processes encompassing financial eligibility review and provision of patient education materials, and close patient monitoring throughout the treatment journey. In Phase 2, 5 participants from 2 centers were interviewed. In Phase 3, 14 participants across 6 treatment centers were interviewed. Two 90-minute virtual panel discussions took place. All participants agreed that cilta-cel can be safely and effectively administered in an outpatient setting. Key recommendations included the creation of educational resources for patients and caregivers, the development of standard operating procedures, dedicated outpatient infrastructure and establishment of interdisciplinary teams, outpatient monitoring for toxicity management, and monitoring of the reimbursement landscape.

Discussion

This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the feasibility of outpatient cilta-cel administration in participating CAR T centers and provides actionable recommendations while acknowledging existing challenges.
Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (Omicron BA.5) LVRNA012: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Zhou Huan , Zheng Hui , Peng Yucai , Su Yue , Yu Xuya , Wang Weixiao , Li Simin , Ding Yuzhou , Jiao Shiping , Wang Ying , Zhu Xingyu , Luo Liping , Dong Ziyong , Liu Lu , Zhang Fan , Wu Qiang , Li Jingxin , Zhu Fengcai
Published: June 2024

Background

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine (Omicron BA.5) LVRNA012 given as the booster in immunized but SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults in China.

Methods

This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 clinical trial enrolling healthy adult participants (≥18 years) who had completed two or three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines at least 6 months before, in Bengbu, Anhui province, China. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a booster intramuscular vaccination with an LVRNA012 vaccine (100ug) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the protective efficacy of a booster dose of the LVRNA012 vaccine or placebo against symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity 14 days after vaccination. Laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections were identified from 14 days to 180 days after intervention, with active surveillance for symptomatic illness 8 times per month between 7 to 90 days and at least once per month between 90 to 180 days after intervention.

Results

2615 participants were recruited and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the vaccine group (1308) or the placebo group (1307). A total of 141 individuals (46 in the LVRNA012 group and 95 in the placebo group) developed symptomatic COVID-19 infection 14 days after the booster immunization, showing a vaccine efficacy of 51.9% (95% CI, 31.3% to 66.4%). Most infections were detected 90 days after intervention during a period when XBB was prevalent in the community. Adverse reactions were reported by 64% of participants after the LVRNA012 vaccination, but most of them were mild or moderate. The booster vaccination with the LVRNA012 mRNA vaccine could significantly enhance neutralizing antibody titers against the Omicron variant XBB.1.5 (GMT 132.3 [99.8, 175.4]) than did those in the placebo group (GMT 12.5 [8.4, 18.7]) at day 14 for the previously immunized individuals.

Conclusion

The LVRNA012 mRNA vaccine is immunogenic, and shows robust efficacy in preventing COVID-19 during the omicron-predominate period.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05745545.