bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No More Controversial than a Gardening Display?: Provision of LGBT-Related Fiction to Children and Young People in U.K. Public Libraries
Authors: Chapman Elizabeth L.
Published: June 2013

This article reports the findings of a study on the provision of LGBT-related fiction to children and young people in U.K. public libraries and on library staff attitudes to this material. The term “LGBT” stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans, with “trans” being an umbrella term used to encompass transgender and transsexual people, cross-dressers, and other gender-variant people. The research used a mixed-methods approach, comprising a checklist study, in which a list of books was checked against the catalogs of two participating library authorities; staff focus groups in these authorities; and a questionnaire distributed nationwide via professional listservs. Opinions were also gathered from young LGBT people and LGBT parents through focus groups and interviews. The research showed clear room for improvement in provision in the two authorities studied, particularly as regard to picture books, books with trans content, books in different formats, and books from less mainstream authors and publishers. Library staff members showed generally positive attitudes toward this material, but there were some areas of concern, notably relating to the quality of materials, provision of materials to younger children, and the possibility of parental complaint. The study provides a much-needed preliminary insight into the subject and highlights areas for improvement.
New light on the Bibliothèque Cardinal
Authors: Falconer Graham
Published: June 2013

In his entry for cabinet de lecture in volume 1 of the Grand Dictionnaire universel (1867), Pierre Larousse described the Bibliothèque Cardinal as a "veritable annexe de la Bibliothèque imperial." He was not exaggerating. When sold by the founder's grand-daughter to a new owner in 1888, the famous lending library had nearly 90,000 volumes; by 1921, finally acquired by the Catholic University of Louvain, the holdings had risen to 160,000. Drawing on the previously unknown requests to open a library in the fonds F 18 of the Archives Nationales—by Madame Cardinal in 1821 and her successor in 1858—this paper sheds new light on the origins of the cabinet ; and then, from a wider perspective, goes on to question the notion of the decline of the cabinets de lecture in the second half of the nineteenth century, an idea popularized by Françoise Parent-Lardeur's Lire à Paris au temps de Balzac (1981, revised edition 1999).
Personalizing Violence in Balzac's Les Chouans
Authors: Pasco Allan H.
Published: June 2013

Revolutionary violence contrasted with preceding enlightenment thought. The characters in Balzac's Les Chouans (1829) were enveloped in frustration, aggression, and violence and personalize the author's lesson: Revolutions are destructive and inhuman. The novelist uses the love affair between Marie de Verneuil and Montauran to establish an antithesis and thus illuminate the Breton savagery of 1799. Making war like James Fenimore Cooper's Mohicans (8:920), the Chouans behave toward their own people with the "cruauté de cannibales" (8:1083). Balzac confronts the inhumanity of the Chouans with the angelic love of Marie and Montauran.
Affective Capital and Social Struggle in Dumas Père's Angèle
Authors: Barker Roberta
Published: June 2013

Set soon after the July Revolution of 1830, Alexandre Dumas père's unjustly neglected drama Angèle reflects explicitly upon the unstable époque in which it was created. In his Mémoires , Dumas depicts the July Revolution as the product of an overpowering experience of emotion within social networks. Unsurprisingly, then, his play figures the period's political upheavals via a series of romantic relationships in which affect trumps all other forms of social capital. This point is underlined by Dumas's representation of his two leading male characters, Alfred D'Alvimar and Henri Muller, and by their reception in Angèle 's own time. Critics from across the July Monarchy's political spectrum rejected the cynical D'Alvimar and embraced the touching Muller in order to bolster their own positions. Through its portrayal of affective capital as a tool in social struggle, Angèle not only reflected but also took part in a revolutionary process of transformation.
Nerval, Ronsard and the Orphic Lyre: Modulating Romantic Irony in Les Chimères
Authors: Hudson Robert J.
Published: June 2013

Originally an aspiring scholar of Renaissance French verse, the young Gérard de Nerval would abruptly distance himself from the influence of 16th-century forebear Pierre de Ronsard and the Petrarchan sonnet, only to create a modernized version of the 14-line verse form as a mature poet in what would prove his greatest poetic achievement, Les Chimères . To enter fully into the lyrical lineage of Ronsard, Petrarch and Orpheus, Nerval first had to experience the dispossession of 1848, where firsthand knowledge of the failures of poetic transcendence allow the romantic ironist to recreate mimetically in his verse both disillusionment and the Orphic experience.
Félicien Rops, graveur de la décadence latine
Authors: Valazza Nicolas
Published: June 2013

By examining several late nineteenth-century editions, in particular the first volumes of Joséphin Péladan's La Décadence latine , illustrated with frontispieces by Félicien Rops that combine Latin inscriptions and iconic elements, this essay explores an "iconotextual" configuration characteristic of fin-de-siècle literary works. At a time marked by the revival of patristic and Late Latin, the integration of Christian, pagan and modern references in Rops' iconography provides the illustrated works with a tangled aesthetic frame, based on anachronism and religious subversion, which situate the literature of the decadence in a staggered art-historical dimension.
Ophelia's Intertheatricality, or, How Performance Is History
Authors: Bloom Gina , Bosman Anston , West William N.
Published: June 2013

Much recent scholarship on performance has treated it as a disappearing act or "missed event," overlooking how performance overflows any one historical context and mobilizes across time. In contrast, taking the performance of Ophelia as an example, this essay describes performance as a nonlinear and recursive dispensation of time that draws on a shared repertoire of actions and styles, which it calls "intertheatricality." Rather than presenting a straightforward performance history of Ophelia, the essay uses Ophelia to advance a view of performance as itself a kind of history of theatre. Actors playing Ophelia do not build on or inherit earlier performances so much as gather and recycle them, setting out familiar elements for future enaction. Each performance gesture makes a history as much as it is made from one, and each contributes to a future repertoire.
Topic marking in a Shanghainese corpus: from observation to prediction
Authors: Han Weifeng , Arppe Antti , Newman John
Published: June 2013

Shanghainese is an extremely topic-prominent language with many topic markers in competition with one another, often without any obvious basis for the selection of one topic marker over another. We explore the influence of five variables on the five most frequent topic markers in a corpus of (spoken) Shanghainese: topic length, syntactic category of the topic, function of the topic, comment type, and genre. We carry out a multivariate statistical analysis of the data, relying on a polytomous logistic regression model. Our approach leads to a satisfying quantification of the role of each factor, as well as an estimate of the probabilities of combinations of factors, in influencing the choice of topic marker. This study serves simultaneously as an introduction to thepolytomouspackage (Arppe 2013) in the statistical software package R.
A Satake isomorphism for representations modulo p of reductive groups over local fields
Authors: Henniart Guy , Vignéras Marie-France
Published: June 2013

Let F be a local field with finite residue field of characteristic p. Let G be a connected reductive group over F and B a minimal parabolic subgroup of G with Levi decomposition

B
=
Z
U

$B=ZU$

. Let K be a special parahoric subgroup of G, in good position relative to (Z,U).
Fix an absolutely irreducible smooth representation of K on a vector space V over some field C of characteristic p. Writing

ℋ
(
G
,
K
,
V
)

$\mathcal {H}(G,K,V)$

for the intertwining Hecke algebra of V in G, we define a natural algebra homomorphism from

ℋ
(
G
,
K
,
V
)

$\mathcal {H}(G,K,V)$

to

ℋ
(
Z
,
Z
∩
K
,

V

U
∩
K

)

$\mathcal {H}(Z,Z\cap K,V^{U\cap K})$

, we show it is injective and identify its image. We thus generalize work of F. Herzig, who assumed F of characteristic 0, G unramified and K hyperspecial, and took for C an algebraic closure of the prime field 𝔽
p
. We show that in the general case

ℋ
(
G
,
K
,
V
)

$\mathcal {H}(G,K,V)$

need not be commutative; that is in contrast with the cases Herzig considers and with the more classical situation where V is trivial and the field of coefficients is the field of complex numbers.
Off-grid PV in Developing Countries is More Than Poverty Mitigation – It is Sound Business Sense
Authors: Wiemann Marcus
Published: June 2013

One of the biggest challenges of rural electrification through renewables is getting people to see the bigger picture: we are not only helping African children who still do their homework by candlelight, there is also a growing market out there yet to be fully tapped by the private sector. It is the proverbial win-win situation.

If private companies are willing to take a chance and invest on the extraordinary potential of these countries, there is no telling the proportions that the market might take. In the next few years, renewable energy can become both a formidable boost to Africa's economic development and the answer to the problem of energy access.
Cyanoacetanilide intermediates in heterocyclic synthesis. Part 7: preparation of some spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyridine] and chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine derivatives
Authors: Ammar Yossry A. , Ali Mohsan M. , Mohamed Yahia A. , Thabet Hamdy Khamees , El-Gaby Mohamed S.A.
Published: June 2013

The reaction of cyanoacetanilide derivative 1 with some electrophiles was investigated. Treatment of compound 1 with 2-(2-oxoindol-3-ylidene)malononitrile (2a) under reflux in ethanol in the presence of piperidine afforded the spiro[indoline-3,4′-pyridine] derivative 3. Under similar conditions, condensation of compound 1 with the analog 2b yielded a spiroindole 4. Chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine derivative 6 was obtained by cyclization of chromene derivative 5 with ethyl cyanoacetate. In a similar manner, condensation of compound 5 with cylcohexanone under reflux in ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate furnished chromeno[3,4-c]quinoline derivative 7. Compound 1 was condensed with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde to yield the benzo[f]chromeno derivative 8. Refluxing of benzochromene derivative 8 with ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine produced benzo[f]chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine derivative 9. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of analytical and spectral data.
Synthesis and biological activities of α-pinene-based dithiadiazoles
Authors: Lin Gui-Shan , Ma Chang-Hua , Duan Wen-Gui , Cen Bo , Lei Fu-Hou , Yang Zhang-Qi
Published: June 2013

This work is aiming at the preparation of new bioactive compounds from α-pinene as starting material. To this purpose, the intermediates (disubstituted phenyl acylamino thioureas, class G) were cyclized to dithiadiazoles (class H). The intermediates and target compounds were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The bioassay experiments showed that the compounds G and H have herbicidal, fungicidal, and plant growth-regulating activities. The compounds 2,2′-dimethylphenyl thiadiazole and 3,3′-dimethylphenyl thiadiazole exhibited a growth inhibition activity of 72% and 68% against the root of rape (Brassica campestris L.) at a concentration of 100 μg ml-1 (60–79% inhibition level). The compound 4,4′-dichlorophenyl acylamino thiourea displayed an inhibition activity of 75% against Physalospora piricola at a concentration level of 50 μg ml-1 (60–79% inhibition level).
Publisher’s Note
Authors: Dawson Stephanie , Grünberg Ingrid
Published: June 2013

No abstract available.
Effect of Storage Conditions on Microbiological and Physicochemical Parameters of Cloudy Apple Juice Concentrate
Authors: Brugnoni Lorena I. , Pezzutti Adriana , Gonzalez Maria Teresa
Published: June 2013

The effects on microbiological parameters of minimally pasteurized cloudy apple juice concentrate obtained in a pilot scale from two apple varieties, and their changes with storage time and temperature were investigated. The juice obtained from Red Delicious apples showed an adequate biological stability for import and export market for storage at −8.5 and −20°C during a period of three months. The preservation of samples at −20 and −8.5°C limited to acceptable values the growth of molds and yeasts during the first two months in the case of juice obtained from Granny Smith apples. Neither lactic acid nor thermo acidophilic bacteria were isolated from the samples in all storage conditions. No noticeable differences in pH and soluble solids content were observed among storage times and temperatures. Turbidity increased slightly with storage time. Viscosity decreased substantially during storage at 2°C. Color was stable for all storage conditions evaluated.
On a backward nonlinear parabolic equation with time and space
dependent thermal conductivity: Regularization and error estimates
Authors: Quan Pham Hoang , Trong Dang Duc , Triet Le Minh
Published: June 2013

We study the inverse problem for nonlinear parabolic equation with variable
thermal conductivity

a
(
x
,
t
)

${a(x,t)}$

which is a ill-posed problem. We regularize this
problem by using the truncated integral method and then obtain the error
estimate between the exact solution and the regularized solution. A numerical experiment is given for illustrating our method.
A Novel Full-Reference Color Image Quality Assessment Based on Energy Computation in the Wavelet Domain
Authors: Hanumantharaju M.C. , Ravishankar M. , Rameshbabu D.R. , Aradhya V.N. Manjunath
Published: June 2013

This article presents a novel full-reference (FR) image quality assessment (QA) algorithm by depicting the sub-band characteristics in the wavelet domain. The proposed image quality assessment method is based on energy estimation in the wavelet-transformed image. Image QA is achieved by applying a multilevel wavelet decomposition on both the original and the enhanced image. Next, the wavelet energy (WE) and vector are computed to obtain the percentage of the energy that corresponds to the approximation and the details, respectively. Further, the approximate and detailed energy levels of both the original and the enhanced images are compared to formulate an image quality assessment. Numerous experiments are conducted on a dozen of image enhancement algorithms. The results presented show that the image with poor contrast in the foreground than the background has continuous regular coefficient values. The probability density function for such an image has a relatively lower WE and skewness compared with the background. The proposed scheme not only evaluates the global information of an image but also estimates the fine, detailed changes in an enhanced image. Thus, the proposed metric serves as an objective and effective FR criterion for color image QA. The experimental results presented confirm that the proposed WE metric is an efficient and useful metric for evaluating the quality of the color image enhancement.
Crystal structures of complexes of mouse thymidylate synthase crystallized with N4-OH-dCMP alone or in the presence of N5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
Authors: Dowierciał Anna , Jarmuła Adam , Wilk Piotr , Rypniewski Wojciech , Kierdaszuk Borys , Rode Wojciech
Published: June 2013

To solve the inhibition mechanism of thymidylate synthase (TS) by N4-hydroxy-dCMP (N4-OH-dCMP), crystallographic studies were undertaken. Structures of three mouse TS (mTS) complexes with the inhibitor were solved, based on crystals formed by the enzyme protein in the presence of either only N4-OH-dCMP [crystal A, belonging to the space group C 1 2 1, with two monomers in asymmetric unit (ASU), measured to 1.75 Å resolution] or both N4-OH-dCMP and N5,10
-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) (crystals B and C, both belonging to the space group C 2 2 21, each with a single monomer in ASU, measured to resolution of 1.35 Å and 1.17 Å, respectively). Whereas crystal A-based structure revealed the mTS-N4-OH-dCMP binary complex, as expected, crystals B- and C-based structures showed the enzyme to be involved in a ternary complex with N4-OH-dCMP and noncovalently bound dihydrofolate (DHF), instead of expected mTHF, suggesting the inhibition to be a consequence of an abortive enzyme-catalyzed reaction, involving a transfer of the one-carbon group to a hitherto unknown site and oxidation of THF to DHF. Moreover, both C(5) and C(6) inhibitor atoms showed sp3 hybridization, suggesting C(5) reduction, with no apparent indication of C(5) proton release. In accordance with our previous results, in all subunits of these structures the inhibitor molecule was identified as the anti rotamer of imino tautomer, forming, similar to deoxyuridine monophosphate, two hydrogen bonds with a conservative asparagine (mouse Asn220) side chain.
Construction, management, and performance of sparse Markowitz portfolios
Authors: Henriques Julie , Ortega Juan-Pablo
Published: June 2013

We study different implementations of the sparse portfolio construction and rebalancing method introduced by Brodie et al. (Brodie, J., I. Daubechies, C. De Mol, D. Giannone, and I. Loris. 2009. “Sparse and Stable Markowitz Portfolios.”
Global Victimhood: On the Charisma of the Victim in Transitional Justice Processes
Authors: Bonacker Thorsten
Published: June 2013

Since the 1990s, transitional justice has become almost synonymous with the concern for the rights of victims. Compared with the Nuremberg Trials – in which victims did not even appear as witnesses – this is a major change and one for which an explanation will be sought here with recourse to neo-institutional research perspective. The core argument put forward in this article is that the change in transitional justice towards a stronger inclusion of victims could be explained as the result of the expansion of a rationalist world culture in which a model of victimhood is created and diffused worldwide, primarily through international organizations and NGOs. This notion of global victimhood developed only after World War II, following the global diffusion of human rights, the change in academic conceptions of traumatic experiences and the advocacy of International NGOs, so that the development of normative pressure on national transitional justice processes placed victims at the centre of processes dealing with the past.
Genetic Selection for Constitutively Trimerized Human HSF1 Mutants Identifies a Role for Coiled-Coil Motifs in DNA Binding
Authors: Neef Daniel W , Jaeger Alex M , Thiele Dennis J
Published: June 2013

Human heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) promotes the expression of stress-responsive genes and is a critical factor for the cellular protective response to proteotoxic and other stresses. In response to stress, HSF1 undergoes a transition from a repressed cytoplasmic monomer to a homotrimer, accumulates in the nucleus, binds DNA, and activates target gene transcription. Although these steps occur as sequential and highly regulated events, our understanding of the full details of the HSF1 activation pathway remains incomplete. Here we describe a genetic screen in humanized yeast that identifies constitutively trimerized HSF1 mutants. Surprisingly, constitutively trimerized HSF1 mutants do not bind to DNA in vivo in the absence of stress and only become DNA binding competent upon stress exposure, suggesting that an additional level of regulation beyond trimerization and nuclear localization may be required for HSF1 DNA binding. Furthermore, we identified a constitutively trimerized and nuclear-localized HSF1 mutant, HSF1 L189P, located in LZ3 of the HSF1 trimerization domain, which in response to proteotoxic stress is strongly compromised for DNA binding at the Hsp70 and Hsp25 promoters but readily binds to the interleukin-6 promoter, suggesting that HSF1 DNA binding is in part regulated in a locus-dependent manner, perhaps via promoter-specific differences in chromatin architecture. Furthermore, these results implicate the LZ3 region of the HSF1 trimerization domain in a function beyond its canonical role in HSF1 trimerization.
Hydrogen-plasma etching of thin amorphous silicon layers for heterojunction interdigitated back-contact solar cells
Authors: Granata Stefano. N. , Bearda Twan , Gordon Ivan , Poortmans Jef , Mertens Robert
Published: June 2013

In this study, A H2-plasma is studied as a dry method to etch thin layers of amorphous silicon aSi:H(i) deposited on a crystalline wafer. It is found that H2-plasma etches aSi:H(i) selectively toward silicon nitrides hard masks with an etch rate below 3nm/min. Depending on power density and temperature of the substrate during the H2-plasma, the energy bandgap, the hydrides distribution and the void concentration of the aSi:H(i) layers are modified and the amorphous-to-crystalline transition is approached. At high temperature (>250C) and low plasma power (<20mW/cm2), the dihydride (SiH2) content increases and the bandgap widens. The etch rates stays below 0.5 nm/min. At low temperature (<150°C) and high power (>70mW/cm2), the void concentration increases significantly and etch rates up to 3nm/min are recorded.

These findings are supported by a theoretical model that indicates formation of Si-H-Si precursors in the layer during exposure to H2-plasma. According to the experimental conditions, these precursors either diffuses and forms Si-Si strong bonds or are removed from the film, causing layer etching.
Diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados à amamentação em unidade de alojamento conjunto
Authors: Silva Evilene Pinto da , Alves Albertisa Rodrigues , Macedo Ana Ruth Monteiro , Bezerra Regina Maria de Sá Barreto , Almeida Paulo César de , Chaves Edna Maria Camelo
Published: June 2013

O estudo objetivou identificar, em uma unidade de Alojamento Conjunto, diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados ao fenômeno da Amamentação de acordo com a taxonomia II da NANDA-I. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo-exploratório, envolvendo 83 mães e seus bebês, no período de fevereiro a abril de 2011. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um instrumento fundamentado na Teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas e, após tratamento estatístico, apresentados em tabelas. Nos resultados, o diagnóstico mais frequente foi Amamentação eficaz, com 65 (78,3%). Estima-se que os diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados à Amamentação contribuirão para que os cuidados de enfermagem possam ser mais direcionados, de modo a promover uma assistência mais qualificada, humanizada e eficaz.
Vulnerabilidades presentes no percurso vivenciado pelos pacientes com HIV/AIDS em falha terapêutica
Authors: Sousa Petra Kelly Rabelo de , Torres Daniele Viana Maia , Miranda Karla Corrêa Lima , Franco Amanda Carneiro
Published: June 2013

Um grande avanço no tratamento da AIDS deu-se com o surgimento da terapia antiretroviral. Entretanto, diversas vulnerabilidades podem estar presentes no percurso vivenciado pelos pacientes durante o tratamento. Objetivou-se analisar as vulnerabilidades dos pacientes com HIV/AIDS em falha terapêutica. Estudo qualitativo realizado com sete usuários com AIDS considerados em falha terapêutica, em uma Unidade de Serviço Ambulatorial Especializado em HIV/AIDS, em Fortaleza-CE. Para interpretação dos dados, utilizou-se uma técnica de análise de conteúdo. Nos discursos, percebeu-se que os depoentes enfrentavam conflitos na família e, no ambiente de trabalho, dificuldades de relacionamento com as pessoas e estigma. Observou-se que os pacientes haviam vivenciado diversas situações que os tornaram mais suscetíveis à infecção por HIV e ao adoecimento.
Práticas de enfermeiros na gerência do cuidado em enfermagem e saúde: revisão integrativa
Authors: Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Pestana Aline Lima , Guerrero Patrícia , Meirelles Betina Schlindwein Hörner , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: June 2013

Estudo com objetivo de evidenciar e analisar as práticas dos enfermeiros na gerência do cuidado descritas na produção científica brasileira e internacional, por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Foram pesquisados artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2010, nas bases LILACS, SciELO, BDENF e CINAHL, a partir dos descritores Gerência e Administração, associados a Cuidado e Enfermagem, e os termos Nursing Management e Nursing Care, totalizando 27 publicações. A gerência do cuidado realizada pelo enfermeiro relaciona-se diretamente à busca pela qualidade assistencial e de melhores condições de trabalho, por meio de ações como: realização do cuidado, gerência de recursos humanos e materiais, liderança, planejamento da assistência, capacitação da equipe de enfermagem, coordenação da produção do cuidado e avaliação das ações de enfermagem.
Percepción sobre el desarrollo sostenible de las MYPE en el Perú
Authors: Merino Martín Nelson Hernani , Pastorino Antonieta Hamann
Published: June 2013

El presente artículo trata de las percepciones de futuros profesionales universitarios sobre las actividades de responsabilidad social de las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPE) en el Perú. El artículo tiene como finalidad contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de cómo implementar programas de responsabilidad social en universidades. Para esto, se construyó una escala y se aplicó a 506 estudiantes universitarios de pregrado en cinco universidades. De los resultados del estudio se puede concluir de manera general que los estudiantes universitarios tienen una baja percepción sobre las actividades de responsabilidad social que realizan las MYPE. Esto resalta la importancia de la incorporación de cursos sobre responsabilidad social en la malla curricular de las universidades, para que enriquezcan la enseñanza y nuevas investigaciones en esta materia. En consecuencia, se reconoce la necesidad de plantear un enfoque interdisciplinario para la enseñanza a nivel teórico y transdisciplinario a nivel de la práctica, que aseguren la generación y aplicación de nuevos conocimientos sobre la responsabilidad social con una orientación hacia el desarrollo sostenible.
Pathology of complete atrioventricular block in chronic chagas' myocarditis
Authors: Andrade Zilton A. , Andrade Sonia G. , Sadigursky Moysés , Câmara Edmundo J. N.
Published: June 2013

Sclero-atrophy, fibrosis, vascular ectasia, phlebosclerosis and mild non-specific chronic inflammatory changes were observed in variable location and proportion involving the atrioventricular conducting tissue of the heart in five human cases of chronic Chagas' myocarditis associated with complete atrioventricular block. One case presented complete destruction of the A-V conduction system. In three cases the lesions were disseminated all along the conducting tissue but did not cause anywhere a complete disruption in the continuity of the system. The distal portion of the bundle branches were the most damaged sector of the system, exceptfor the fasciculi of the posterior division of the left bundle branch which were relatively preserved. One case exhibited bilateral sclero-atrophy of the bundle branches as the main change; and another showed early and mild fibrocalcific damage of the penetrating portion of the His bundle. The A-V node appeared as the least involved part of the conducting system in the cases studied. Demonstration of the lesions in this series of cases seems important because: a) it reveals that complete atrioventriculr block in chronic Chagas' disease results from disseminated lesions and not from focal disruptive change as has been commonly observed in cases of other etiologies; b) it shows that chronic inflammation can produce at the end variable and widespread vascular, degenerative andfibrotic alterations within the conducting tissue of the heart, which may lead to its total destruction.
Promoção da autonomia da mulher na consulta de enfermagem em saúde da família
Authors: Durand Michelle Kuntz , Heidemann Ivonete Teresinha Schülter Buss
Published: June 2013

Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa articulada com o referencial metodológico de Paulo Freire, consistindo de três momentos: investigação temática; codificação e descodificação; desvelamento crítico. Objetivou compreender se a Consulta de Enfermagem promove a autonomia das mulheres em um Centro de Saúde. Constituíram-se seis Círculos de Cultura com duas horas de duração e média de nove participantes, ocorridos entre maio e julho de 2011. A investigação revelou oito temas, que foram desvelados em dois, necessidade de escuta e diálogo sobre violência doméstica, relação do enfermeiro e partícipes na Consulta de Enfermagem. Os resultados indicam que a Consulta pode constituir-se como espaço para o desenvolvimento de ações de Promoção, que ocorrem ainda timidamente no Centro de Saúde. Como possibilidades e limitações destacam-se a necessidade de capacitações multiprofissionais para compreender questões conceituais e estratégias de Promoção, intensificando suas práticas em todos os espaços do Sistema Único de Saúde.
Comparison between artificial neural networks and maximum likelihood classification in digital soil mapping
Authors: Chagas César da Silva , Vieira Carlos Antônio Oliveira , Fernandes Filho Elpídio Inácio
Published: June 2013

Soil surveys are the main source of spatial information on soils and have a range of different applications, mainly in agriculture. The continuity of this activity has however been severely compromised, mainly due to a lack of governmental funding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of two different classifiers (artificial neural networks and a maximum likelihood algorithm) in the prediction of soil classes in the northwest of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Terrain attributes such as elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature and compound topographic index (CTI) and indices of clay minerals, iron oxide and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor imagery, were used as discriminating variables. The two classifiers were trained and validated for each soil class using 300 and 150 samples respectively, representing the characteristics of these classes in terms of the discriminating variables. According to the statistical tests, the accuracy of the classifier based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was greater than of the classic Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC). Comparing the results with 126 points of reference showed that the resulting ANN map (73.81 %) was superior to the MLC map (57.94 %). The main errors when using the two classifiers were caused by: a) the geological heterogeneity of the area coupled with problems related to the geological map; b) the depth of lithic contact and/or rock exposure, and c) problems with the environmental correlation model used due to the polygenetic nature of the soils. This study confirms that the use of terrain attributes together with remote sensing data by an ANN approach can be a tool to facilitate soil mapping in Brazil, primarily due to the availability of low-cost remote sensing data and the ease by which terrain attributes can be obtained.
Processo de formação de crostas superficiais em razão de sistemas de preparo do solo e chuva simulada
Authors: Rosa Jaqueline Dalla , Cooper Miguel , Darboux Frédéric , Medeiros João Carlos
Published: June 2013

A chuva provoca a modificação da estrutura superficial do solo levando ao desenvolvimento de crostas. Este estudo avaliou a dinâmica da formação de crostas superficiais por meio da análise e descrição micromorfológica de lâminas delgadas. O experimento foi conduzido em 2009 e 2010. Em parcelas de 15 x 30 m, foram implantados os diferentes sistemas de preparos do solo: preparo convencional (PC), preparo reduzido (PR) e sem preparo (SP). Dentro das parcelas instalaram-se as microparcelas de 1 x 1m e aplicaram-se diferentes lâminas de chuva simulada (0, 27, 54 e 80 mm) com intensidade de 80 mm h-1. Nas microparcelas, coletou-se uma amostra indeformada em que consistia em um bloco de solo de 0,07 x 0,05 x 0,12 m. Os blocos foram impregnados com resina e após endurecimento e secagem total foram confeccionadas lâminas delgadas (4,5 x 8 cm), descritas, utilizando microscópio óptico. Foi confeccionada uma lâmina delgada para cada chuva (0, 27, 54 e 80 mm) e para cada preparo do solo. Todos os sistemas de preparo avaliados demonstraram presença de crostas; entretanto, o processo de formação das crostas ocorreu com dinâmica diferenciada em cada sistema de preparo. O preparo convencional apresentou formação de crostas a partir de 27 mm de chuva aplicada. O aumento da lâmina de chuva aplicada causou maior degradação da estrutura superficial e maior espessura da camada encrostada. O preparo reduzido e o sistema sem preparo apresentaram condições de superfície irregulares com as chuvas aplicadas, ou seja, não demonstraram modificações constantes da superfície do solo e na formação das crostas, com o aumento da chuva, como constatado no preparo convencional. A análise das lâminas delgadas e a descrição micromorfológica permitiram satisfatória observação e conclusão dos processos e da dinâmica envolvida na formação de crostas.
Análise comparativa do equilíbrio unipodal de atletas de ginástica rítmica
Authors: Shigaki Leonardo , Rabello Lucas Maciel , Camargo Mariana Zingari , Santos Vanessa Batista da Costa , Gil André Wilson de Oliveira , Oliveira Márcio Rogério de , Silva Junior Rubens Alexandre da , Macedo Christiane de Souza Guerino
Published: June 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: A ginástica rítmica (GR) requer alto nível de qualidade física; assim, o bom desempenho é dependente da força e resistência muscular, coordenação motora e equilíbrio postural. OBJETIVO: Desenvolver uma análise comparativa do equilíbrio unipodal de atletas de GR. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas dez atletas de GR, do sexo feminino, por meio de uma plataforma de força em apoio unipodal e testes funcionais de equilíbrio (Side Hop Test e Figure of Eight Hop Teste). Para a plataforma, os parâmetros do Centro de Pressão (COP) nas direções anteroposterior e mediolateral foram utilizados para análise, enquanto para os testes funcionais, o tempo-segundos de performance. RESULTADOS: Diferença significativa (p = 0,01) foi encontrada entre os membros inferiores no parâmetro de frequência média na direção mediolateral, no qual o membro inferior não dominante apresentou maior estabilidade postural do que o dominante. Para os testes funcionais não houve diferença significativa entre os membros. CONCLUSÃO: A diferença encontrada no controle do equilíbrio na direção mediolateral pode estar relacionada às diferenças nas ações musculares da região do quadril, na qual durante a prática do esporte para estabilização, manutenção do tronco e execução de manobras com os membros inferiores estão presentes. Estes resultados indicam a necessidade de um programa de reequilíbrio e estabilização pélvica para as atletas analisadas no intuito de preservar a simetria muscular dos membros para o bom desempenho esportivo.
Comparação da potência anaeróbia mensurada pelo teste de RAST em diferentes condições de calçado e superfícies
Authors: Kalva-Filho Carlos Augusto , Loures João Paulo , Franco Vanessa Holtz , Kaminagakura Edson Itaru , Zagatto Alessandro Moura , Papoti Marcelo
Published: June 2013

INTRODUÇÃO: O Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tem sido considerado um teste válido para avaliação anaeróbia. Entretanto, como a superfície e o calçado podem afetar alguns parâmetros mensurados durante o exercício, isso pode modificar os parâmetros do RAST. OBJETIVO: Comparar as variáveis do RAST mensuradas utilizando chuteiras na grama (RAST CG) e tênis na pista (RAST TP). MÉTODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol (da categoria sub-17) participaram do estudo. Os participantes realizaram dois RAST (intervalo > 24 h). O RAST consistiu em seis corridas máximas de 35m com 10s de intervalo passivo entre cada corrida. O tempo de cada esforço foi registrado para determinação da potência pico (PP), potência média (PM) e índice de fadiga (IF). Após o sexto esforço, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas para determinação da lactacidemia ([Lac]). RESULTADOS: Durante o RAST TP, a PP (763,1 ± 87,2 W) e PM (621,6 ± 68,1 W) foram significativamente superiores às PP e PM mensuradas em RAST CG (PP = 667,3 ± 67,0 W e PM = 555,9 ± 74,7 W), enquanto que as [Lac] observadas em RAST TP (7,3 ± 1,8 mmol.L-1) foram significativamente inferiores às mensuradas em RAST CG (9,9 ± 3,2 mmol.L-1). No entanto, o IF não foi significativamente diferente (RAST TP = 32,5 ± 8,3%; RAST CG = 34,1 ± 6,6%). Significativas correlações foram observadas entre as PM (r = 0,90) e as [Lac] (r = 0,72). CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que as variáveis do RAST são influenciadas pela superfície e calçado utilizados, com valores superiores observados em RAST TP.
Short‐term resistance of ecosystem properties and processes to simulated mountain pine beetle attack in a novel region
Authors: McIntosh Anne C. S. , Macdonald S. Ellen
Published: June 2013

Natural forest disturbance regimes are changing, as evidenced by expansion of the mountain pine beetle (MPB) north and east from British Columbia into pine forests east of the Canadian Rockies. Thus, research that examines potential impacts of shifting disturbance regimes on ecosystem properties and processes in these forests is needed. We examined short‐term effects (up to one year after treatment) of three treatments that emulated MPB attack and associated forest management disturbance (i.e., moderate and high intensity simulated MPB attack, salvage harvest) on above‐ and below‐ground properties and processes of mature lodgepole pine forests in MPB's recently expanded range east of the Rockies. While the salvage logging treatment showed dramatic effects on the understory plant community and downed woody material with several less dramatic below‐ground responses, there were no effects of the moderate MPB attack, and only limited below‐ground responses to the high intensity attack. The salvage logged stands showed decreases in species richness and understory plant cover, increases in small downed wood, litter cover, forest floor pH, and plant available Ca, Mg, and P, and differences in multiple microbial properties compared with the other treatments. The high intensity simulated MPB attack showed increased respiration rates of several carbon substrates compared with the salvage treatment. There was considerable variation among years for many below‐ground variables (e.g., multiple soil nutrients, microbial respiration rates and phospholipid fatty acids), and these were unrelated to treatments. For the majority of below‐ground response variables, differences among study years rather than differences due to the MPB treatments suggest that inter‐annual variability exerts a stronger influence than does disturbance effects of MPB red attack. The lack of potential response to MPB attack in the short‐term suggests these forests are resistant to change early after attack, and/or have high ecological inertia. In contrast, salvage logging had immediate and dramatic effects. We don't yet know how these pine forests will develop under this modified disturbance regime of partial canopy disturbance, but it appears likely that salvage logging will push these stands in a potentially very different direction than the modified natural disturbance regime due to MPB will.
Use of Micro-CT Scanning Visualisations To Improve Interpretation of Formation Damage Laboratory Tests Including a Case Study From the South Morecambe Field
Authors: Green Justin , Cameron Ruaridh , Patey Ian , Nagassar Vishal , Quine Mark
Published: June 2013

Formation damage testing is commonly used to gather information and aid in risk-reduction when making operational decisions. The nature of laboratory testing means that it is a higher risk to rely on permeability and pressure measurements alone, so various techniques (including scanning electron microscopy and thin section) are used to gather additional information and aid interpretation. The current techniques provide excellent high-resolution data but are limited in terms of capturing the change throughout an entire core sample.

The paper presents a new approach which utilises micro-CT scanning to produce high-resolution data of entire core samples. The images of core produced are superior to those from the commonly-used medical scanners, and give insight into core properties as well as areas such as drilling mud constituents infiltration, mud-cake structure and thickness, and alterations in the pore network. Through a technique that we have called "difference mapping", data sets captured before and after laboratory testing are compared to reveal the distribution of changes within samples. Difference maps can be used to provide additional interpretation of tests results as well as combining with current techniques to target their sampling locations. The combination of laboratory data with tools that allow visualisation of both the distribution and nature of damaging mechanisms makes laboratory data more valuable and therefore decreases risk in operational decision-making.

The technique is illustrated by a case study from Centrica's South Morecambe gas field. Here a series of experiments were carried out to aid in the selection of drilling mud for a cased & perforated well. Whilst permeability was relevant, it was most important to have a fluid that did not contribute deep damaging mechanisms or produce high fluid losses. Laboratory test data showed very significant reductions in permeability, which would normally be a concern if there was not an understanding of the nature of damage. Micro-CT scanning, in combination with geological analysis, showed that the damaging mechanisms were concentrated within the drilling mud-cake, attachment of the drilling mud-cake to the core sample, and drilling mud constituents within the first few pores of the core sample. Only scattered change, caused by some drilling mud filtrate retention and clay fines mobilisation, was seen deeper in the majority of samples; in a cased & perforated scenario the vast majority of damage would therefore be expected to be bypassed. This illustrated the value of the combination of micro-CT scanning and geological techniques to allow greater insight and more meaningful conclusions.
Using Fiber-Optic-Enabled Coiled Tubing to Quantify Fluid Placement and Optimize Stimulation Effectiveness During Matrix Stimulation Treatments in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Ramondenc Pierre , Baez Fernando
Published: June 2013

When performing matrix stimulation treatments, coiled tubing (CT) is a preferred placement technique due to the ability to spot fluid in front of the target zone(s). This method becomes a key solution when formation heterogeneities require a very selective fluid placement strategy.

In today's industry, the most common approach is to design a treatment with volumes of stimulation and diverter fluids that are determined largely based on local practices. Often, it amounts to targeting a uniform stimulation, thus requiring a predefined amount of treatment fluid per length of total pay zone. That approach, although widely used and accepted, may not necessarily yield an optimum stimulation.

We present an alternative technique that relies on the accurate quantification of fluid placement along the formation in order to define the respective volumes of stimulation and diverter fluids to be pumped. This method relies on the analysis of the distributed temperature sensing (DTS) data recorded by a fiber-optic line enclosed inside the CT and data processing through a fast interpretation algorithm to yield a zonal coverage profile. During a job, DTS data corresponding to the preflush can be used to estimate the initial placement distribution across the pay zone. This allows stimulation engineers to determine the best strategy for the subsequent well stimulation treatment, including fluid volumes and placement sequence. After every major pumping stage, a new DTS analysis assesses how the formation reacted to the treatment, improving placement strategy.

This method has been used in multiple matrix stimulation treatments of injector and producer wells. The described innovative approach allows engineers to make more informed decisions between stages, optimizing fluid resources, fluid placement and, ultimately, stimulation effectiveness. It also leads to noteworthy advantages when designing new acidizing treatments, as companies can build on previous experience from similar wells and fields.
Permeametry Pitfalls and Opportunities
Authors: Wehunt C. D. , Nasr-El-Din H. A.
Published: June 2013

Permeameters have been used for more than 80 years in the oil and gas industry, either to measure porous media permeability ("K" studies) or to interpret permeability alterations by various unintended or deliberate processes ("AK" studies). It is the latter experiment class—the AK studies—which are this paper's focus.

Darcy's law is an empirical observation that permeability is proportional to the fluid velocity and the applied pressure gradient, and inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity. In experimental utopia, the simplest variable to measure is the only one that must be recorded during an experiment; however, in practice, interpretation errors frequently arise from ignoring factors that are more difficult to measure or predict, such as viscosity changes within cores during a test. Using data from previously published studies, this paper examines some interpretation pitfalls from past experiments and shows how some of these can be avoided. In addition to ignoring changes in factors that are not actually constant, another pitfall is not fully utilizing the available information. This paper identifies permeametry interpretation improvement opportunities for past or future studies using commonly available data, especially for those tests involving, parallel-flow, dual- or multi-cell tests, or carbonate matrix acidizing optimization studies.