bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A numerical study on the regional in situ stress field of the Keshen section and interface dislocation in the composite salt-gypsum layer
Authors: Li Shiyuan , Li Fuyao , Qiu Yufan , Yan Yu
Published: June 2020

Salt rock found in the stratum of the sedimentary basin is considered to be exemplary in terms of quality among the class of cap rocks, and it engulfs a certain proportion of the world’s hydrocarbon resources. In recent years, approximately 40% of newly discovered hydrocarbon resources in China have been detected under deep salt layers. Statistics suggest that nearly 40% of drilling accidents and 50% of casing damage incidents occur near the layer interfaces within a composite salt-gypsum formation. For the in-depth characterization of processes such as deformation and damages occurring at the interfaces, analysis of the regional in situ stress field characteristics and distribution in salt structures is vital. For this purpose, the structure of the Keshen section of the Kelasu structural belt under the Tarim Oilfield was studied. Our study establishes a geomechanical model, which tends to be mainly based on constitutive elastic and rheological models (applicable to different layers, i.e., the upper salt layer, salt layer, and presalt layer). Furthermore, the stability of the composite salt-gypsum layer and prediction of formation stress were evaluated. Investigation of drilling accidents and wellbore integrity problems revealed that the perturbation at the interfaces was not earnestly contemplated. The results show a discontinuous pattern in the regional in situ stress distribution in all of the salt layers. The salt layer is characterized by creep behavior with differential stress of less than 1.0 MPa. The interface between the upper layer and the salt layer tends to bear inconsistent deformation of approximately a few centimeters along the wellbore wall.
Integrated geophysical analysis provides an alternate interpretation of the northern margin of the North American Midcontinent Rift System, Central Lake Superior
Authors: Grauch V. J. S. , Anderson Eric D. , Heller Samuel J. , Stewart Esther K. , Woodruff Laurel G.
Published: June 2020

The Midcontinent Rift System (MRS) is a 1.1 Ga sequence of voluminous basaltic eruptions and multiple intrusions followed by widespread sedimentation that extends across the Midcontinent and northern Great Lakes region of North America. Previous workers have commonly used seismic-reflection data (Great Lakes International Multidisciplinary Program on Crustal Evolution [GLIMPCE] line A) to demonstrate that the northern rift margin in central Lake Superior developed as a normal growth fault that was structurally inverted to a reverse fault during a compressional event after rifting had ended. A prominent, curvilinear aeromagnetic anomaly that extends from Isle Royale, Michigan, to Superior Shoal in central Lake Superior, Ontario (the IR-SS anomaly), is commonly presented as a manifestation of this reverse fault. We have integrated multidisciplinary geophysical analyses (seismic-reflection, seismic-refraction, aeromagnetic, and gravity), physical-property information (density, magnetic susceptibility and remanence, and compressional-wave velocity), and geologic concepts to develop an alternate interpretation of the rift margin along GLIMPCE line A, where it intersects the IR-SS anomaly. Our new model indicates that a normal fault is the dominant structure at the northern rift margin along line A, contrary to the original rift-margin paradigm, which asserts that compressional structures are the dominant features preserved today. Integral to this alternate model is a newly interpreted, prerift sedimentary basin intruded by sills in northern Lake Superior. Our alternate model of the northern rift margin has implications for interpreting the style, scale, and timing of extension, rift-related intrusion, and compression during development of the MRS.
Seismic reservoir characterization of Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations in the Delaware Basin — A case study: Part 1
Authors: Chopra Satinder , Kumar Sharma Ritesh , Keay James
Published: June 2020

The Delaware and Midland Basins are multistacked plays with production being drawn from different zones. Of the various prospective zones in the Delaware Basin, the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations are the most productive and thus are the most drilled zones. To understand the reservoirs of interest and identify the hydrocarbon sweet spots, a 3D seismic inversion project was undertaken in the northern part of the Delaware Basin in 2018. We have examined the reservoir characterization exercise for this dataset in two parts. In addition to a brief description of the geology, we evaluate the challenges faced in performing seismic inversion for characterizing multistacked plays. The key elements that lend confidence in seismic inversion and the quantitative predictions made therefrom are well-to-seismic ties, proper data conditioning, robust initial models, and adequate parameterization of inversion analysis. We examine the limitations of a conventional approach associated with these individual steps and determine how to overcome them. Later work will first elaborate on the uncertainties associated with input parameters required for executing rock-physics analysis and then evaluate the proposed robust statistical approach for defining the different lithofacies.
Seismic reservoir characterization of Bentheimer sandstone, Emlichheim oil field, Lower Saxony, Germany
Authors: Strecker Uwe , Hagedorn Steffen , Zeug Matthias , Veeken Paul , Weist Wulf , Weiel Dominik , de Groot Paul , Fuhren Tobias , Frehers Sven
Published: June 2020

Even in mature oil and gas provinces, unexpected subsurface complexity may challenge budgeted seismic reservoir characterization workflows to become adapted to a higher degree of customization during data preconditioning. In the process of providing a trend cube of sandstone porosity and automatic fault extraction to populate the property distribution and structural framework of a static model over the mature Emlichheim oil field, northwest Germany, many unforeseen data quality issues are encountered that necessitate rigorous well log and seismic data conditioning prior to analysis and interpretation. Specifically, insufficient noise suppression, ambiguous wireline log responses, missing curve log data, noncompliant amplitude-versus-angle gathers, and inadequate compensation of velocity anisotropy need to be addressed. These topics pose serious challenges to automatic fault extraction, seismic attribute analysis, machine learning, artificial neural network technology, the selected inversion method, Bayesian lithology prediction, and fuzzy math to transform elastic impedances into reservoir porosity. Application of multiple inversion methods generates the individual components of new earth models (sand geobodies, alternative elasticity-to-porosity transforms, etc.) that are used for advanced porosity modeling. This new information allows to update the existing static models of a mature oil field.
Seismic reservoir characterization of the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations in the Delaware Basin: Challenges and uncertainty in characterization using rock physics — A case study: Part 2
Authors: Sharma Ritesh Kumar , Chopra Satinder , Lines Larry
Published: June 2020

The discrimination of fluid content and lithology in a reservoir is important because it has a bearing on reservoir development and its management. Among other things, rock-physics analysis is usually carried out to distinguish between the lithology and fluid components of a reservoir by way of estimating the volume of clay, water saturation, and porosity using seismic data. Although these rock-physics parameters are easy to compute for conventional plays, there are many uncertainties in their estimation for unconventional plays, especially where multiple zones need to be characterized simultaneously. We have evaluated such uncertainties with reference to a data set from the Delaware Basin where the Bone Spring, Wolfcamp, Barnett, and Mississippian Formations are the prospective zones. Attempts at seismic reservoir characterization of these formations have been developed in Part 1 of this paper, where the geologic background of the area of study, the preconditioning of prestack seismic data, well-log correlation, accounting for the temporal and lateral variation in the seismic wavelets, and building of robust low-frequency model for prestack simultaneous impedance inversion were determined. We determine the challenges and the uncertainty in the characterization of the Bone Spring, Wolfcamp, Barnett, and Mississippian sections and explain how we overcame those. In the light of these uncertainties, we decide that any deterministic approach for characterization of the target formations of interest may not be appropriate and we build a case for adopting a robust statistical approach. Making use of neutron porosity and density porosity well-log data in the formations of interest, we determine how the type of shale, volume of shale, effective porosity, and lithoclassification can be carried out. Using the available log data, multimineral analysis was also carried out using a nonlinear optimization approach, which lent support to our facies classification. We then extend this exercise to derived seismic attributes for determination of the lithofacies volumes and their probabilities, together with their correlations with the facies information derived from mud log data.
Seismic field data displaying azimuthal anisotropy, 1986–2020
Authors: Lynn Heloise
Published: June 2020

The azimuthal (az’l) processing of 3D full-azimuth full-offset P-P reflection seismic data can enable better imaging, thus yielding improved estimates of structure, lithology, porosity, pore fluids, in situ stress, and aligned porosity that flows fluids (macrofracture porosity). In the past 34 years, the oil and gas industry has significantly advanced in the use of seismic azimuthal anisotropy, in particular, to gain information concerning unequal horizontal stresses and/or vertically aligned fractures, and possibly more importantly, to improve the prestack imaging especially in complex structure. The important development stages during the past 40 years were enabled by industry advancements in acquisition, processing, theory, and interpretation. The typical important techniques became evident in PP amplitude variation with angle and azimuth (AVAaz) and orthorhombic imaging. These techniques addressed the complications due to wave propagation in birefringent media. PP AVAaz, now industry standard for vertically aligned fracture characterization, is accompanied by a near-angle azimuthal amplitude variation when aligned connected porosity that flows fluids is present. Birefringence is present with unequal horizontal stresses and/or vertically aligned fractures that flow fluids. I have focused on the field-data documentation of the relationships among azimuthal P-P reflection data, S-wave birefringence, and hydrocarbon production. With increases and improvements in acquisition and processing, plus today’s powerful versatile interpretation platforms, continual advances beyond orthorhombic (ORT) into monoclinic and triclinic symmetries are to be expected. The use of 3D azimuthal seismic for time-lapse changes of the in situ stress field, fracture populations, and pore fluids, as rocks undergo production processes (oil and gas reservoir production processes, wastewater disposal, etc.) and at plate boundaries where stresses change, offers great potential to benefit not just the oil and gas industry but all of humanity.
The Influence of Drug Properties and Ontogeny of Transporters on Pediatric Renal Clearance through Glomerular Filtration and Active Secretion: a Simulation-Based Study
Authors: Cristea Sînziana , Krekels Elke Henriëtte Josephina , Rostami-Hodjegan Amin , Allegaert Karel , Knibbe Catherijne Annette Jantine
Published: June 2020

Glomerular filtration (GF) and active tubular secretion (ATS) contribute to renal drug elimination, with the latter remaining understudied across the pediatric age range. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the influence of transporter ontogeny on the relative contribution of GF and ATS to renal clearance CLR for drugs with different properties in children. A physiology-based model for CLR in adults was extrapolated to the pediatric population by including maturation functions for the system-specific parameters. This model was used to predict GF and ATS for hypothetical drugs with a range of drug-specific properties, including transporter-mediated intrinsic clearance (CLint,T) values, that are substrates for renal secretion transporters with different ontogeny patterns. To assess the impact of transporter ontogeny on ATS and total CLR, a percentage prediction difference (%PD) was calculated between the predicted CLR in the presence and absence of transporter ontogeny. The contribution of ATS to CLR ranges between 41 and 90% in children depending on fraction unbound and CLint,T values. If ontogeny of renal transporters is < 0.2 of adult values, CLR predictions are unacceptable (%PD > 50%) for the majority of drugs regardless of the pediatric age. Ignoring ontogeny patterns of secretion transporters increasing with age in children younger than 2 years results in CLR predictions that are not systematically acceptable for all hypothetical drugs (%PD > 50% for some drugs). This analysis identified for what drug-specific properties and at what ages the contribution of ATS on total pediatric CLR cannot be ignored. Drugs with these properties may be sensitive in vivo probes to investigate transporter ontogeny.
Diagnostic Value of Molecular Testing in Sonographically Suspicious Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Wang Maxwell M , Beckett Katrina , Douek Michael , Masamed Rinat , Patel Maitraya , Tseng Chi-Hong , Yeh Michael W , Leung Angela M , Livhits Masha J
Published: June 2020

Objective

Molecular testing can refine the diagnosis for the 20% of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies that have indeterminate cytology. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of molecular testing based on ultrasound risk classification.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed all thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology at an academic US medical center (2012-2016). All indeterminate nodules underwent reflexive molecular testing with the Afirma Gene Expression Classifier (GEC). Radiologists performed blinded reviews to categorize each nodule according to the American Thyroid Association (ATA) ultrasound classification and the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System. GEC results and diagnostic performance were compared across ultrasound risk categories.

Results

Of 297 nodules, histopathology confirmed malignancy in 65 (22%). Nodules by ATA classification were 8% high suspicion, 44% intermediate, and 48% low/very low suspicion. A suspicious GEC result was more likely in ATA high-suspicion nodules (81%) than in nodules of all other ATA categories (57%; P = .04). The positive predictive value (PPV) of GEC remained consistent across ultrasound categories (ATA high suspicion, 64% vs all other ATA categories, 48%; P = .39). The ATA high-suspicion category had higher specificity than a suspicious GEC result (93% vs 51%; P < .01). A suspicious GEC result did not increase specificity for the ATA high-suspicion category.

Conclusion

The PPV of molecular testing remained consistent across ultrasound risk categories. However, a suspicious GEC result was very likely in ATA high-suspicion nodules and did not improve specificity in this sonographic category.
Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic nerve head blood flow with OCT angiography in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Amanat Saher Akbar , Aslam Khan Dr Asad , Tayyab Dr Haroon , Sarwar Dr Sohail
Published: June 2020

Objective: To investigate the effect of pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) on Optic nerve head blood flow with OCT angiography in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at Eye Unit III, Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, over a period of seven months i.e. from 10th May 2019 to 10th November 2019. Thirty-five patients having proliferative diabetic retinopathy were included in this study. Ocular blood flow was measured with OCT Angiography, then pan retinal photocoagulation was performed and patients were called for follow-up after one month and ocular blood flow was measured again with OCT Angiography. The difference in the blood flow was calculated. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for the categorical data and mean and standard deviations were calculated for the continuous data. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was performed and effects of PRP on blood flow were compared. Significance level was taken as p≤0.05.

Results: Out of 35 patients, 30 patients (85.71%) had decreased post PRP blood flow, four patients (11.43%) had increased post PRP blood flow and one patient (2.86%) did not have any effect.

Conclusion: OCT angiography revealed there is significantly reduced optic nerve head blood flow in PRP treated eyes compared to non-PRP treated eyes.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2190

How to cite this:Amanat SA, Khan AA, Tayyab H, Sarwar S. Effect of panretinal photocoagulation on optic nerve head blood flow with OCT angiography in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):1075-1078. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2190

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Maternal and Perinatal outcome after Ramadan Fasting
Authors: Parveen Rashida , Khakwani Mehnaz , Latif Munazza , Tareen Ayesha Uzaima
Published: June 2020

Objective: To determine maternal and perinatal outcome after Ramadan fasting during pregnancy

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from May to October 2019. A total of 226 women attending labour room, aged 18–35 years, having gestational amenorrhoea 15 – 40 weeks of gestation were included. Women who fasted for more than 15 days were compared with those who did not fast or fasted for less than 15 days in the month of Ramadan. Demographical profile along with maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared between the study groups considering p value less than 0.05 as significant.

Results: Out of 226 women, 58 (25.7%) fulfilled the criteria to be included in the fasting group while remaining 168 (74.3%) were slotted in the non-fasting group. There was no difference (p value > 0.05) in between the both group with respect to demographical characteristics except significantly less women were employed in the fasting group (p value=0.0246). No statistical difference was found in terms of maternal or perinatal outcomes between both the study groups.

Conclusion: Fasting women were not found to have poor maternal and fetal outcomes when compared to non-fasting women.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2612

How to cite this:Parveen R, Khakwani M, Latif M, Tareen AU. Maternal and Perinatal outcome after Ramadan Fasting. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):894-898. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2612

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Static overlays for pressure ulcer prevention: a hospital-based health technology assessment
Authors: Horup Mette Boeg , Soegaard Knaerke , Kjølhede Tue , Fremmelevholm Aase , Kidholm Kristian
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

At Odense University Hospital (OUH) alternating-air mattresses (AAM) are used in the prevention of pressure ulcers (PU); however, static overlays might be more effective and have lower costs. To investigate the properties and consequences of using static overlays for prevention of PU at OUH, a hospital-based health technology assessment (HTA) was conducted.

Methods:

Two types of static overlays were tested in an observational study and compared with AAM for patients with a medium–high risk of PU in geriatric and orthopaedic wards at OUH. Incidence of PU was investigated 7 months before (n=720) and 6 months after implementation (n=837). Staff attitudes were examined in a questionnaire survey (n=55) and focus group interviews (n=13). Patients who had tried one of the overlays and the AAM were interviewed (n=12).

Results:

No statistical difference in PU incidence was found before and after the implementation of overlays (2.5% before, 2.7% after, P=0.874, n=1557) and no patients lying on overlays developed PU (n=123). Staff had mixed attitudes, but the majority preferred having overlays as an option for their patients. Interviewed patients preferred overlays due to less noise and improved mobility.

Conclusion:

Both types of overlay are effective in PU prevention. However, overlays introduce challenges for staff and clear guidelines for the selection of support surfaces are needed. Overall, it is recommended that static overlays are considered as an alternative to AAM for PU prevention.
From policy entrepreneurs to policy entrepreneurship: actors and actions in public policy innovation
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Galanti Maria Tullia
Published: June 2020

Policy entrepreneurs are considered key actors in public policy. However, there are so many definitions of what they can do that it is difficult to use this concept in a systematic, analytical way. Starting with a critique of the tendency to overstretch the concept of the policy entrepreneur, we propose a more parsimonious conceptualisation by de-personalising entrepreneurial actions and by focusing on a specific pattern of action whose main task is to promote innovation. Thus, policy entrepreneurship is conceptualised as a pattern of action (involving different types of actors) focused on innovation promotion that is pursued by activities such as framing a problem, developing solutions, building a coalition in support, and seeking opportunities and attention. We also highlight prevalent resources for those activities. We then apply this conceptualisation to two cases of urban planning in Italy to discuss the activities of successful policy entrepreneurship as a collective effort.
The impact of rate capping on local government expenditure
Authors: Yarram Subba Reddy , Dollery Brian , Tran Carolyn-Dung Thi Thanh
Published: June 2020

In common with higher tiers of government worldwide, Australian state governments often adopt highly interventionist ‘one-size-fits-all’ policies aimed at improving local government efficiency and performance. In this article, we employ recent expenditure data to investigate empirically the short-term impacts of rate capping on municipal expenditure in the Australian state of Victoria and to explore whether it had differential effects on spending by different types of local authorities. We find that while total spending did not fall, budgets for ‘invisible’ services, like aged care and disabled services, did decline. Our analysis also shows that the impact of rate capping on the various types of municipal expenditures is uneven between the different categories of local authority. Our findings add to the existing literature on local government finance by demonstrating that the impact of rate capping varies according to different expenditure types classified by local council categories in a non-linear population framework.
Far-infrared and terahertz emitting diodes based on graphene/black-P and graphene/MoS2 heterostructures
Authors: Ryzhii Victor , Ryzhii Maxim , Maltsev Petr P. , Karasik Valerij E. , Mitin Vladimir , Shur Michael S. , Otsuji Taiichi
Published: June 2020

We propose the far-infrared and terahertz emitting diodes (FIR-EDs and THz-EDs) based on the graphene-layer/black phosphorus (GL/b-P) and graphene-layer/MoS2 (GL/MoS2) heterostructures with the lateral hole and vertical electron injection and develop their device models. In these EDs, the GL serves as an active region emitting the FIR and THz photons. Depending on the material of the electron injector, the carriers in the GL can be either cooled or heated dictated by the interplay of the vertical electron injection and optical phonon recombination. The proposed EDs based on GL/b-P heterostructures can be efficient sources of the FIP and THz radiation operating at room temperature.
Transfer-print integration of GaAs p-i-n photodiodes onto silicon nitride waveguides for near-infrared applications
Authors: Goyvaerts Jeroen , Kumari Sulakshna , Uvin Sarah , Zhang Jing , Baets Roel , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Pelucchi Emanuele , Corbett Brian , Roelkens Günther
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate waveguide-detector coupling through the integration of GaAs p-i-n photodiodes (PDs) on top of silicon nitride grating couplers (GCs) by means of transfer-printing. Both single device and arrayed printing is demonstrated. The photodiodes exhibit dark currents below 20 pA and waveguide-referred responsivities of up to 0.30 A/W at 2V reverse bias, corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 47% at 860 nm. We have integrated the detectors on top of a 10-channel on-chip arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) spectrometer, made in the commercially available imec BioPIX-300 nm platform.
Light tunable plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Charipar Nicholas , Johns Paul , Suess Ryan J. , Kim Heungsoo , Geldmeier Jeffrey , Trammell Scott , Charipar Kristin , Naciri Jawad , Piqué Alberto , Fontana Jake
Published: June 2020

Self-assembled plasmonic metasurfaces are promising optical platforms to achieve accessible flat optics, due to their strong light-matter interaction, nanometer length scale precision, large area, light weight, and high-throughput fabrication. Here, using photothermal continuous wave laser lithography, we show the spectral and spatial tuning of metasurfaces comprised of a monolayer of ligand capped hexagonally packed gold nanospheres. To tune the spectral response of the metasurfaces, we show that by controlling the intensity of a laser focused onto the metasurface that the absorption peak can be reconfigured from the visible to near-infrared wavelength. The irreversible spectral tuning mechanism is attributed to photothermal modification of the surface morphology. Combining self-assembled metasurfaces with laser lithography, we demonstrate an optically thin (λ/42), spectrally selective plasmonic Fresnel zone plate. This work establishes a new pathway for creating flat, large area, frequency selective optical elements using self-assembled plasmonic metasurfaces and laser lithography.
Wavefront reconstruction based on deep transfer learning for microscopy
Authors: Jin Yuncheng , Chen Jiajia , Wu Chenxue , Chen Zhihong , Zhang XIngyu , Shen Hui-liang , Gong Wei , Si Ke
Published: June 2020

The application of machine learning in wavefront reconstruction has brought great benefits to real-time, non-invasive, deep tissue imaging in biomedical research. However, due to the diversity and heterogeneity of biological tissues, it is difficult to train the dataset with a unified model. In general, the utilization of some unified models will result in the specific sample falling outside the training set, leading to low accuracy of the machine learning model in some real applications. This paper proposes a sensorless wavefront reconstruction method based on transfer learning to overcome the domain shift introduced by the difference between the training set and the target test set. We build a weights-sharing two-stream convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for the prediction of Zernike coefficient, in which a large number of labeled randomly generated samples serve as the source-domain data and the unlabeled specific samples serve as the target-domain data at the same time. By training on massive labeled simulated data with domain adaptation to unlabeled target-domain data, the network shows better performance on the target tissue samples. Experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is 18.5% higher than that of conventional CNN-based method and the peak intensities of the point spread function (PSF) are more than 20% higher with almost the same training time and processing time. The better compensation performance on target sample could have more advantages when handling complex aberrations, especially the aberrations caused by various histological characteristics, such as refractive index inhomogeneity and biological motion in biological tissues.
Plasmonic Bragg microcavity as an efficient electro-optic modulator
Authors: Aray Ayda , Ghavami Sabouri Saeed
Published: June 2020

Plasmonic electro-optic modulators might play a pivotal role in the development of compact efficient communication devices. Here, we introduce a novel electro-optic modulator based on a plasmonic Bragg microcavity and a pockels active material. We investigate detailed design and optimization protocols of the proposed structure. With 2D scanning of geometrical parameters, an extinction ratio of 19.8 dB, insertion loss of 2.8 dB and modulation depth of 0.99 with a driving voltage of ±5 V are obtained.
Spectral correlation of four-wave mixing generated in a photonic crystal fiber pumped by a chirped pulse
Authors: Robert Paul , Fourcade-Dutin Coralie , Dauliat Romain , Jamier Raphael , Muñoz-Marco Hector , Pérez-Millán Pere , Dudley John M. , Roy Philippe , Maillotte Hervé , Bigourd Damien
Published: June 2020

We report the spectral distribution of the parametric process generated in a photonic crystal fiber pumped by a chirped pulse. The spectral correlation of four-wave mixing has been measured using the dispersive Fourier transform method. From statistical analysis of multiple shot-to-shot spectral measurements, the spectral correlation between the signal and idler photons reveals physical insights into the particular portion of the pump spectrum responsible for generating the four-wave mixing. Therefore, the shape of the correlation map indicates directly the temporal and spectral links between the signal and the pump, which are highly important to design a four-wave mixing based amplifier.
Mirror-based scanning wavefront-folding interferometer for coherence measurements
Authors: Halder Atri , Partanen Henri , Leinonen Aleksi , Koivurova Matias , Hakala Tommi K. , Setälä Tero , Turunen Jari , Friberg Ari T.
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate a modification to the traditional prism-based wavefront-folding interferometer that allows the measurement of spatial and temporal coherence, free of distortions and diffraction caused by the prism corners. In our modified system, the two prisms of the conventional system are replaced with six mirrors. The whole system is mounted on a linear

X
Y

-translation stage, with an additional linear stage in the horizontal arm. This system enables rapid and exact measurement of the full four-dimensional degree of coherence, even for relatively weak signals. The capabilities of our system are demonstrated by measuring the spatial coherence of two inhomogeneous and non-Schell model light sources with distinct characteristics.
Investigations on single-mode fibers with rectangular core geometry
Authors: Baer Patrick , Giesberts Martin , Fitzau Oliver
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present a theoretical and experimental analysis on the properties of rectangular core fibers. We investigate the single-mode regime and the bending properties with respect to the aspect ratio of the rectangular core. In comparison to a standard step-index single-mode fiber, we show that a passive single-mode rectangular core fiber with an aspect ratio of ten is able to transport two times more power without the occurrence of nonlinear effects. For actively doped fibers, the threshold of nonlinear effects can be raised by up to 15%. For experimental verification a rectangular core fiber with an aspect ratio of three is manufactured and analysed. Here, the results between the numerical simulation and the experimental analysis are in agreement.
THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS
Authors: Maximova Svetlana G. , Omelchenko Daria A. , Noyanzina Oksana E.
Published: June 2020

The identity of ethnic Russians has been shaped in co-habitation with various ethnic groups and implementation of nation-building projects, where they always had special status and mission. Its peculiarities are important for understanding the actual inter-ethnic relations in Russia and perspectives of their development. A study based on the of repertory grid approach was conducted in two border regions with different ethnic composition – the Altai territory (mono-ethnic region, n = 543, 16 to 75 years) and the Republic of Altai (poly-ethnic region, n = 354, 16 to 75 years). It was found, that the most important characteristics for identification and evaluation of ethnic groups are related to security, social and economic position, mental similarity. In mono-ethnic region the image of Russians is constructed on the base of positive stereotypes and opposed to ethnic groups, perceived as different. In poly-ethnic region the self-perception is more differentiated, the ethnic identity acquires additional traits, bringing Russians and cohabitating groups closer. Our study has implications for theories of social identity and interethnic cooperation, as well as for the literature on national policy under cultural and ethnic diversity. It could be used for replication in the repertory grid analysis aimed at ethnic identity issues.
“A NEW TYPE DISTRICT”: REGIONAL TRANSFORMATION AND DYNAMICS OF ETHNO-POLITICAL PROCESSES IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors: Avksentev Victor A.
Published: June 2020

The role of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) in stabilizing the situation and consequent regional transformations in the South of Russia are analyzed in the article. The formation of the NCFD in 2010 significantly changed the spatial configuration of the South of Russia. The NCFD was conceived as a “new type of district”, and the goal was to change the situation in the North Caucasus by means of deep economic reconstruction. Over the past decade, the situation in the North Caucasus has stabilized, the manifestations of terrorism and extremism have become much less numerous. Ethno-political tension decreased, and there is no reason to continue to identify the situation in the region as a protracted ethno-political crisis. The main role in stabilizing the ethno-political processes was played by the “siloviki”, while economic changes had a much smaller effect. Regional transformations in the South continued at the end of second decade of the 21st century. The formation of the North Caucasian macroregion in the context of the “Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2025” adopted in 2019, fixed a new spatial image of the North Caucasus and preserved the sociocultural demarcation between modernization and traditionalism. Broad economic and humanitarian cooperation within the boundaries of two federal districts and two macro-regions – the Southern and the North Caucasian – and the formation of a common economic and humanitarian space of the "Greater South" would contribute to the solution of these problems.
FORENSIC TOOLS FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM
Authors: Mergembaeva Nurhul B.
Published: June 2020

Terrorism is a serious criminal factor that contributes to the aggravation of the operational situation in the country. The problems of detecting and investigating terrorism often overlap with the problems of using technical and forensic tools and methods. This direction is relevant and significant, since they are necessary for conducting investigative and operational activities. The article considers modern methods and means used to combat terrorism-related crime.
PERSONAL SAFETY AS AN INDICATOR OF LIVING STANDARDS
Authors: Panzabekova Aksanat Zh. , Digel Ivan E.
Published: June 2020

The problem domain of the research covers the consideration and analysis of the personal safety assurance of citizens of contemporary Kazakhstan society.  The current work is aimed at revealing, studying and theoretical conceptualization of information on personal safety as an indicator of population living standards. To achieve the goal of the research the following common scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis, methods of comparison, functional and logical analysis, and methods of applied researches. The work presents the retrospective analysis of the “personal safety” notion, systematizes the existing approaches to the investigation of the essence that allowed revealing its main components. The work considers personal safety as one of the basic needs of humans that affects the population living standards. Within this context, the existing methods of population living standards assessment considering the personal safety factors were analyzed. Basing on the considered methods and research results of the international organizations, the comparative analysis of indicators related to personal safety in Kazakhstan and OECD countries was conducted on different indexes.  The conducted comparisons allowed providing some assessment of the personal safety state of Kazakhstan citizens. Also, using the method of the linear combination of particular indicators to the integrated indicator the authors have calculated the indicator of economic safety of the population for the Almaty region that covers the personal safety indicators.  The authors show the advantages and disadvantages of the applied method and provide recommendations on its application at different levels. The conclusions of the research can be taken as a base for an in-depth study on measuring the indicators of population personal safety in the context of living standards assurance.
MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN ENSURING THE REGIONAL SECURITY OF CENTRAL ASIAN STATES
Authors: Alieva Rafoat R. , Alieva Rafoat R.
Published: June 2020

The article examines the issues of expanding and strengthening the military-political cooperation of the Republic of Tajikistan with the Russian Federation to ensure the security of the states of the Central Asian region. It is noted that a broad legal and organizational-structural base has been created that enshrines the directions of military-political cooperation between the two states. The international activities of states in the field of security in the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States hereinafter (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (hereinafter CSTO) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (hereinafter SCO). The history of the formation of security cooperation aimed at countering modern challenges is disclosed. The basic principles and features of the development of military — technical cooperation between the two states in the framework of the CSTO are determined. The importance of military-technical cooperation in order to ensure the security of Central Asian states is substantiated.
PROTEST MOODS OF THE REGION'S RESIDENTS AS A MANIFESTATION OF DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF CIVIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Dementieva Irina N.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the protest moods of residents of the Vologda region in the context of the development of civil activity of the population. The main trends of protest potential in various socio-demographic categories are considered, and the most significant factors affecting the formation of protest socio-political moods of the population of the region are determined. The research is based on the results of regular monitoring of public opinion conducted by the Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Vologda region. It is concluded that in the period from 2008 to 2019 the protest potential of residents of the Vologda region remains at a relatively stable level. The highest indicators of potential protest activity are the categories of the population that negatively characterize the socio-economic and political situation in the country and region, are dissatisfied with their own financial situation, do not approve of the activities of government structures, and experience negative emotions. Particular attention is drawn to the significant share of potential participants in protest actions among those who demonstrate low indicators of civil participation. Protest moods do not contribute to the development of conventional activity of citizens, prevent the consolidation and solidarity of the population. In this context, the protest potential acts as a destructive form of civil activity of the population.
THE ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION OF RUSSIANS IN MONO- AND POLYETHNIC REGIONS: REPERTORY GRID ANALYSIS
Authors: Omelchenko Daria A. , Maximova Svetlana G. , Noyanzina Oksana E.
Published: June 2020

Social security is one of the most important priorities of the state policy in the Russian borderlands, requiring complex and systematic approach to its effi cient realization, especially in part of the monitoring and assessment of social processes. Based on a large body of statistical data, the authors suggest a model of evaluation of social security in border regions, including nine groups of indicators, describing socio-economic, demographic and ecological spheres, characteristics of labor markets, healthcare system, public order and crime control, social and information infrastructures as its main components. Th e analysis is given separately for each component and completed by the general typology of border regions, demonstrating combination of issues and possibilities in maintaining social security.
THE INFLUENCE OF PANDEMIC ON CULTURAL CONSERVATION
Authors: Kravchik Elena V.
Published: June 2020

The paper considers some types of innovations and correlation between traditions and innovations in the context of the uniform development of the cultural landscape, maintaining its balance on the example of art history facts: architecture and music. In so doing, the coronavirus pandemic phenomenon is compared with the 14th century plague pandemic and is seen as a sudden innovation that threatens the security of the cultural landscape. The author shows that this can provoke sudden changes in culture and attitudes.
EUROPEAN UNION STRATEGY FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM
Authors: Starodubtseva Maria A. , Mazurov Valery A. , Shushakova Ekaterina A.
Published: June 2020

The article analyzes the European Union counter-terrorism strategy. The authors give a brief outline of the formation of a system of supranational bodies of the EU. The absence of an integrated approach to the issue, the lack of narrow definitions of the terrorist threat is indicated. Given that, despite the fact that the EU’s attention is again (if not more) focused on the security aspect of terrorism (i.e. the fight against terrorism), and not on the myriad of other complex aspects that lead to it (i.e. the prevention of terrorism), the authors of the article conclude that the EU still does not fully understand the nature of terrorism. Its political dynamics are still driven by crisis situations, and the EU does not seem to want to deviate significantly in real terms from any of its previous strategies. In the authors' view, the EU’s approach to combating terrorism (politics, not rhetoric) will remain the same: focusing on security cooperation while promoting initiatives that create the impression that other areas, such as civic cooperation and intercultural dialogue, are not completely excluded . This will remain the main focus of the EU's anti-terrorism policy: with each terrorist attack (whether group or single), calls will be intensified to expand security cooperation in the context of EU integration and ensuring public safety. According to the authors, the development of a single concept will enhance the joint actions of states to destroy the terrorist threat.
Etiological diagnostics of cardiomyopathies in the cardiology unit of the HUEH internal medicine department from 8 January 2014 to 14 June 2014
Authors: Jean Paul Axler , Archer Lesly Ed , Jean Raema Mimrod , Vernelus Gérald , Malebranche Rodolphe
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most frequent causes of heart failure in the world, which is now considered a major public health problem both in developed countries where it is predominant, especially in the elderly, over 65 years of age and in patients on long-term treatment for heart disease, and in underdeveloped countries.The diagnosis of cardiomyopathies is essentially based on para-clinical examinations, more precisely on echocardiography. In Haiti, cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of hospitalization and mortality. These diseases are the main causes of hospitalization at the Hospital of the State University of Haiti (HUEH), the largest hospital in the country, and represent 30% of all cases received in the internal medicine department.

Methodology

This is a retrospective quantitative study conducted on a sample of patients in the Cardiology Unit of the Internal Medicine Department of the Hospital of the State University of Haiti (HUEH).The study was conducted on 54 patients registered in the Cardiology Unit, during the period from January 8, 2014 to June 11, 2014 for heart failure.

Result and discussion

The 50 patients showed a predominance for women, 31 (62%) versus 19 (38%) for men, P=0.04. The results of our study showed that the majority of patients are female (62%), which is similar to the last study conducted on the unit by Dr. Malebranche, who found 62.4%The data showed that the reference examination for the confirmatory diagnosis of cardiomyopathy is echocardiography, with 92% of diagnoses. It should be noted that the other diagnoses were made on an echocardiographic basis but were not complete. These findings are similar to data from a recently published Swedish study in which cardiomyopathy was diagnosed by echocardiography in 99.6% of cases. For chest radiography, 100% of cases have cardiomegaly.65.96% of all heart failure cases are dilated cardiomyopathies compared to undiluted cardiomyopathies 14.89%, p<0.0001
Effect of lockdown on activities of daily living in built environment and well-being
Authors: Pasala Sudhir Kumar , Gumpeny Lakshmi , Kosuri Madhu , Tippana Snehalatha , Sridhar Gumpeny, R
Published: June 2020

In an effort to arrest the spread of COVID-19 infection, a nation-wide lockdown was declared in India in March 2020. To assess how personal built environment affected the citizens in the first few weeks, an explorative online survey was conducted, eliciting responses about the work habits before the lockdown, the psychological well-being, time spent in various activities, characteristics of those who worked from home and sleep patterns. The major difference entailed by thelockdown was a reduction of time and distance to go to their workplace, which was an average of 8.9 km. In terms of diet, subjects who were vegetarian did not experience any difference, unlike those who were non-vegetarians, who reduced the intake of meat. Forced social isolation did not alter the television channels that were viewed. Among those who worked from home, most preferred to work from their bedroom. There was no change in the quality or quantity of sleep during the lockdown. This study in the early weeks of the lockdown documents the way in which individuals lived through it in terms of the built environment at home.