bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Reforma Trabalhista de 2017 e a deformação das prerrogativas sindicais
Authors: Barros Raimunda Regina Ferreira , Albuquerque Costa Paulo Sérgio Weyl
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:O presente artigo objetiva refletir a reforma trabalhista sob o ângulo da organização sindical, compreendendo-a como um dos pilares do sistema celetista fragilizado pela Lei nº 13.467/17. O legislador enfraqueceu essas organizações mediante a subtração de direitos e as descredenciando como interlocutoras qualificadas. A centralidade deste escrito reside no impacto da reforma sobre as prerrogativas sindicais, entendendo-se que os sindicatos como agentes autônomos e livres são indispensáveis para a plenitude do Estado Democrático de Direito. Realiza-se, de início, uma breve síntese do movimento pela flexibilização do Direito do Trabalho no Brasil; a seguir, situa-se a discussão na proteção das prerrogativas sindicais no plano normativo externo e interno; e, por fim, analisam-se as alterações da reforma tendentes a mitigar as prerrogativas dos sindicatos profissionais.ABSTRACT:The present article aims to reflect the labor reform from the point of view of union organization, understanding it as one of the pillars of the labor legal system that was weakened by Law 13467/17. The legislator weakened these organizations by subtracting rights and disqualifying them as competent interlocutors. The centrality of this paper lies in the impact of the reform on trade union prerogatives, considering that unions, as autonomous and free agents, are an indispensable factor for the fullness of the Democratic Rule of Law. A brief summary of the movement for the relaxation of labor law in Brazil is held at the outset; the following is the discussion on the protection of trade union prerogatives at the external and internal normative level; and, finally, the amendments to the reform to mitigate the prerogatives of trade unions.
Terceirização do trabalho no Brasil: a regulamentação em disputa
Authors: Fadul de Oliveira Isabela
Published: June 2020

RESUMO:Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo recente de regulamentação das relações de trabalho terceirizado no Brasil. Para tanto, partimos de uma breve apresentação sobre a forma como foi organizado o sistema de regulamentação e proteção social do trabalho no país, identificando o contrato individual de emprego como um dos seus eixos estruturantes. Em seguida, localizamos o início do debate jurídico sobre a terceirização nos anos 1990 e destacamos os aspectos principais da disputa em torno da sua regulamentação. Ao final, examinamos as mudanças introduzidas pelas Leis 13.429/2017 e 13.467/2017 no ordenamento jurídico trabalhista, procurando demonstrar como seu conteúdo normativo põe em xeque a estrutura do Direito do Trabalho no país e promove as condições para a livre exploração do trabalho terceirizado, respondendo aos anseios da classe patronal e resultando em perda de direitos para a classe trabalhadora. ABSTRACT:This text aims to reflect about the recent process of regulation of outsourced work relationships in Brazil. Therefore, we start with a brief presentation about how the system of regulation and social protection of work in the country was organized, identifying the individual employment contract as one of its structuring axes. Next, we locate the beginning of the legal debate about the outsourcing in the 1990s and highlight the main aspects of the dispute over its regulation. In the end, we examine the changes introduced by Laws 13,429 / 2017 and 13,467 / 2017 in the labor legal system, trying to demonstrate how its normative content puts the structure of Labor Law in the country in check and promotes the conditions for the free exploitation of outsourced work, responding to the wishes of the employers’ class and resulting in loss of rights for the working class.
THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF MICRO-MILLING PROCESS AND ITS REVIEW IN TERMS OF DISTINCTIVE PARAMETERS
Authors: Alatrushı Luqman Khaleel Haydery , Bedir Fevzi , Yılmaz Nihat
Published: June 2020

The micro-milling process is relating to the production of miniature parts, and it is one of the significant micromachining processes. The size of parts produced by micromachining is smaller than millimeters and in the range of a few microns. In the last years, the demand for needs to minimal parts in industries, such as biomedical, communication, and aerospace have been increased. To encounter this need, one of the proper solutions is the micro-milling process. In this study, a review of the micro-milling process was achieved in terms of the important common terms and some concepts. Terms like size effect, minimum chip thickness, and ploughing phenomenon were evaluated with respect to literature. These terms can be taken into account to distinguish a major difference between micro and macro cutting processes. In addition to, surface quality is an important required factor for machined parts. In this work also the surface roughness and burr formation mechanism were showed because they represent an inevitable result in the micro-cutting process. In addition to the micro-milling process have been assessed in terms of important factors used in determining the quality of workpieces such as surface quality, burr formation, and cutting forces. In conclusion, this study investigated the important parameters in the micro-milling process and provided general information to compare the micro-milling with conventional milling.
BULANIK AKSİYOMATİK TASARIM VE HEDEF PROGRAMLAMA YAKLAŞIMLARIYLA BİR ÜRÜN TASARIMI
Authors: KIR Muhammed , UYGUN Özer , KIR Sena
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, içecek sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın ürün tasarım problemi ele alınarak, literatürde ilk kez Bulanık Aksiyomatik Tasarım (BAT) ve Hedef Programlama yaklaşımlarının birlikte kullanılmasıyla çözülmüştür. Problemde tasarlanacak olan ürünün mevcut hat spesifikasyonlarında değişikliğe neden olmaması, üretim hızını belirli bir seviyede tutması ve aynı zamanda müşteri beğenisine de hitap etmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu hedeflerden müşteri beğenisi, insanın doğal karar verme süreçlerini daha iyi ifade edebilmesi bakımından bulanık verilerle ifade edilmiştir. Çalışmada müşteri beğenisine ait bulanık veriler BAT tekniği ile durulaştırılmıştır ve elde edilen değerler, söz konusu üç hedefi de dikkate alan bir 0-1 karma tam sayılı doğrusal olmayan hedef programlama modeline parametre olarak girilmiştir. Modelin çözümünde nihai ürünün belirli parametrelerinin değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu değerlere göre tasarımı yapılan şişenin silme hacmi hesaplanmaktadır. Silme hacme göre de, yeni tasarımın üretim hattı spesifikasyonlarını sağlayıp sağlamadığı, üretim hızının ortalama değeri ve müşteri beğenisine hitap edip etmediği anlaşılabilmektedir. Önerilen çözüm yaklaşımı sayesinde, problem analitik olarak ele alınmış, firmanın ürün tasarımında başvurduğu deneme yanılma yöntemi terk edildiği için de hem zamandan, hem iş gücünden, hem de kalıp ve preform maliyetlerinden tasarruf sağlanmıştır.
BUJİ ATEŞLEMELİ BİR MOTORDA EGZOZ ATIK ISI GERİ KAZANIMI İÇİN TERMOELEKTRİK JENERATÖR MODELİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: TOPALCI Ümit , GÜRBÜZ Habib , AKÇAY Hüsameddin , DEMİRTÜRK Selim
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, buji ateşlemeli bir motorda atık ısı geri kazanımı için kullanılan termoelektrik jeneratörünün (TEJ) Matlab/Simulink programı ile teorik modeli geliştirilmiştir. TEJ modelinin geliştirilmesinde, 1500-4000 rpm aralığında çalışan iki silindirli buji ateşlemeli bir motorun deneysel çalışmalarından elde edilen egzoz gaz sıcaklıkları ve kütle akış hızları kullanılmıştır. TEJ modeli, egzoz ısı eşanjörü ve egzoz eşanjörünün her iki yüzeyine yerleştirilmiş iki motor soğutma suyu eşanjöründen oluşan üç katmanlı bir yapıya sahiptir. Eşanjör malzemesi olarak 3 mm kalınlığında 6063-T6 tipi alüminyum malzeme kullanılmıştır. Termoelektrik modüllerde (TEM) hem n hem de p tipi yarı iletkenler için Bi2Te3 malzemesi seçilmiştir. Her iki TEJ katmanında 5x4 düzenlemeye sahip toplam 40 adet TEM kullanılmıştır. Matlab/Simulink modelinin sonuçları, önceki çalışmalarda elde edilen deneysel sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır (Gürbüz ve Akçay, 2015). Sonuç olarak, TEJ'ün Matlab/Simulink modeli ile DC elektrik enerjisi üretimi, 1500-4000 rpm motor devri aralığı için 6,36-50,96 W aralığında değişmiştir. Ayrıca, deneysel ve Matlab/Simulink model sonuçları arasında iyi bir korelasyon (R2= 0,991) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Parents of Adolescents Perspectives of Physical Activity, Gaming and Virtual Reality: Qualitative Study
Authors: McMichael Lucy , Farič Nuša , Newby Katie , Potts Henry W W , Hon Adrian , Smith Lee , Steptoe Andrew , Fisher Abi
Published: June 2020

Background

Virtual reality (VR) exergaming may be a promising avenue to engage adolescents with physical activity. Since parental support is a consistent determinant of physical activity in adolescents, it is crucial to gather the views of parents of adolescents about this type of intervention.

Objective

This study aimed to interview parents of younger adolescents (13-17 years old) about physical activity, gaming, and VR as part of the larger vEngage study.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 parents of adolescents. Data were synthesized using framework analysis.

Results

Parents believed that encouraging physical activity in adolescents was important, particularly for mental health. Most parents felt that their children were not active enough. Parents reported their adolescents regularly gamed, with mostly negative perceptions of gaming due to violent content and becoming addicted. Parents discussed an inability to relate to gaming due to “generational differences,” but an exception was exergaming, which they had played with their children in the past (eg, Wii Fit). Specific recommendations for promoting a VR exergaming intervention were provided, but ultimately parents strongly supported harnessing gaming for any positive purpose.

Conclusions

The current study suggests promise for a VR exergaming intervention, but this must be framed in a way that addresses parental concerns, particularly around addiction, violence, and safety, without actively involving their participation. While parents would rather their children performed “real-world” physical activity, they believed the key to engagement was through technology. Overall, there was the perception that harnessing gaming and sedentary screen time for a positive purpose would be strongly supported.
Evaluating the Implementation of a Remote-Monitoring Program for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Qualitative Methods from a Service Design Perspective
Authors: van Lieshout Florence , Yang Rebecca , Stamenova Vess , Agarwal Payal , Cornejo Palma Daniel , Sidhu Aman , Engel Katrina , Erwood Adam , Bhatia R Sacha , Bhattacharyya Onil , Shaw James
Published: June 2020

Background

Implementing digital health technologies is complex but can be facilitated by considering the features of the tool that is being implemented, the team that will use it, and the routines that will be affected.

Objective

The goal of this study was to assess the implementation of a remote-monitoring initiative for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ontario, Canada using the Tool+Team+Routine framework and to refine this approach to conceptualize the adoption of technologies in health care.

Methods

This study was a qualitative research project that took place alongside a randomized controlled trial comparing a technology-enabled self-monitoring program with a technology-enabled self- and remote-monitoring program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and with standard care. This study included interviews with 5 remote-monitoring patients, 3 self-monitoring patients, 2 caregivers, 5 health care providers, and 3 hospital administrators. The interview questions were structured around the 3 main concepts of the Tool+Team+Routine framework.

Results

Findings emphasized that (1) technologies can alter relationships between providers and patients, and that these relationships drove the development of a new service arising from the technology, in our case, and (2) technologies can create additional work that is not visible to management as a result of not being considered within the scope of the service.

Conclusions

Literature on the implementation of digital health technologies has still not reconciled the importance of interpersonal relationships to conventional implementation strategies. By acknowledging the centrality of such relationships, implementation teams can better plan for the adaptations required in order to make new technologies work for patients and health care providers. Further work will need to address how specific individuals administering a remote-monitoring program work to build relationships, and how these relationships and other sources of activity might lead to technological scope creep—an unanticipated expanding scope of work activities in relation to the function of the tool.
Reliability and Validity of Commercially Available Wearable Devices for Measuring Steps, Energy Expenditure, and Heart Rate: Systematic Review
Authors: Fuller Daniel , Colwell Emily , Low Jonathan , Orychock Kassia , Tobin Melissa Ann , Simango Bo , Buote Richard , Van Heerden Desiree , Luan Hui , Cullen Kimberley , Slade Logan , Taylor Nathan G A
Published: June 2020

Background

Consumer-wearable activity trackers are small electronic devices that record fitness and health-related measures.

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the validity and reliability of commercial wearables in measuring step count, heart rate, and energy expenditure.

Methods

We identified devices to be included in the review. Database searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, and only articles published in the English language up to May 2019 were considered. Studies were excluded if they did not identify the device used and if they did not examine the validity or reliability of the device. Studies involving the general population and all special populations were included. We operationalized validity as criterion validity (as compared with other measures) and construct validity (degree to which the device is measuring what it claims). Reliability measures focused on intradevice and interdevice reliability.

Results

We included 158 publications examining nine different commercial wearable device brands. Fitbit was by far the most studied brand. In laboratory-based settings, Fitbit, Apple Watch, and Samsung appeared to measure steps accurately. Heart rate measurement was more variable, with Apple Watch and Garmin being the most accurate and Fitbit tending toward underestimation. For energy expenditure, no brand was accurate. We also examined validity between devices within a specific brand.

Conclusions

Commercial wearable devices are accurate for measuring steps and heart rate in laboratory-based settings, but this varies by the manufacturer and device type. Devices are constantly being upgraded and redesigned to new models, suggesting the need for more current reviews and research.
The Parenting Education Needs of Women Experiencing Incarceration in South Australia: Proposal for a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Lovell Belinda , Steen Mary , Esterman Adrian , Brown Angela
Published: June 2020

Background

The mother-child relationship is extremely important, and for mothers experiencing incarceration, this relationship has unique challenges. There is limited evidence currently available to identify the type and content of parenting education that would best suit women who are incarcerated.

Objective

This study aims to design and evaluate a parent education program for women experiencing incarceration in South Australia. The program must meet the specific needs of incarcerated women and considers the cultural needs of Aboriginal and or Torres Strait Islanders and migrant women. Hereafter Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples will be referred to as Aboriginal; the authors acknowledge the diversity within Aboriginal cultures.

Methods

This study will utilize a mixed methods approach, including six phases framed by a community-based theoretical model. This methodology provides a collaborative approach between the researcher and the community to empower the women experiencing incarceration, allowing their parenting education needs to be addressed.

Results

A scoping review was undertaken to inform this study protocol. This paper describes and discusses the protocol for this mixed methods study. Recruiting commenced in December 2019, results will be published in 2020, and the project will be completed by August 2022. This project has been supported by a Research Training Scholarship from the Australian Government.

Conclusions

The scoping review highlighted a lack of rigorous evidence to determine the most appropriate parenting education program to suit women experiencing incarceration specifically, and there was little consideration for the cultural needs of women. It also became clear that when quantitative and qualitative data are utilized, the women’s voices can assist in the determination of what works, what will not work, and what can be improved. The data collected and analyzed during this study, as well as the current evidence, will assist in the development of a specific parenting education program to meet the needs of women experiencing incarceration in South Australia and will be implemented and evaluated as part of the study.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/18992
Experiences of a National Web-Based Heart Age Calculator for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: User Characteristics, Heart Age Results, and Behavior Change Survey
Authors: Bonner Carissa , Raffoul Natalie , Battaglia Tanya , Mitchell Julie Anne , Batcup Carys , Stavreski Bill
Published: June 2020

Background

Heart age calculators are used worldwide to engage the public in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Experimental studies with small samples have found mixed effects of these tools, and previous reports of population samples that used web-based heart age tools have not evaluated psychological and behavioral outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to report on national users of the Australian heart age calculator and the follow-up of a sample of users.

Methods

The heart age calculator was launched in 2019 by the National Heart Foundation of Australia. Heart age results were calculated for all users and recorded for those who signed up for a heart age report and an email follow-up over 10 weeks, after which a survey was conducted. CVD risk factors, heart age results, and psychological and behavioral questions were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. Open responses were thematically coded.

Results

There were 361,044 anonymous users over 5 months, of which 30,279 signed up to receive a heart age report and 1303 completed the survey. There were more women (19,840/30,279, 65.52%), with an average age of 55.67 (SD 11.43) years, and most users knew blood pressure levels (20,279/30,279, 66.97%) but not cholesterol levels (12,267/30,279, 40.51%). The average heart age result was 4.61 (SD 4.71) years older than the current age, including (23,840/30,279, 78.73%) with an older heart age. For the survey, most users recalled their heart age category (892/1303, 68.46%), and many reported lifestyle improvements (diet 821/1303, 63.01% and physical activity 809/1303, 62.09%). People with an older heart age result were more likely to report a doctor visit (538/1055, 51.00%). Participants indicated strong emotional responses to heart age, both positive and negative.

Conclusions

Most Australian users received an older heart age as per international and UK heart age tools. Heart age reports with follow-up over 10 weeks prompted strong emotional responses, high recall rates, and self-reported lifestyle changes and clinical checks for more than half of the survey respondents. These findings are based on a more engaged user sample than previous research, who were more likely to know blood pressure and cholesterol values. Further research is needed to determine which aspects are most effective in initiating and maintaining lifestyle changes. The results confirm high public interest in heart age tools, but additional support is needed to help users understand the results and take appropriate action.
A Web-Based Intervention to Prevent Multiple Chronic Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescents: Co-Design and User Testing of the Health4Life School-Based Program
Authors: Champion Katrina Elizabeth , Gardner Lauren Anne , McGowan Cyanna , Chapman Cath , Thornton Louise , Parmenter Belinda , McBride Nyanda , Lubans David R , McCann Karrah , Spring Bonnie , Teesson Maree ,   The Health4Life Team, Newton Nicola Clare
Published: June 2020

Background

Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Addressing key lifestyle risk factors during adolescence is critical for improving physical and mental health outcomes and reducing chronic disease risk. Schools are ideal intervention settings, and electronic health (eHealth) interventions afford several advantages, including increased student engagement, scalability, and sustainability. Although lifestyle risk behaviors tend to co-occur, few school-based eHealth interventions have targeted multiple behaviors concurrently.

Objective

This study aims to summarize the co-design and user testing of the Health4Life school-based program, a web-based cartoon intervention developed to concurrently prevent 6 key lifestyle risk factors for chronic disease among secondary school students: alcohol use, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, sedentary recreational screen time, and poor sleep (the Big 6).

Methods

The development of the Health4Life program was conducted over 18 months in collaboration with students, teachers, and researchers with expertise relevant to the Big 6. The iterative process involved (1) scoping of evidence and systematic literature review; (2) consultation with adolescents (N=815) via a cross-sectional web-based survey to identify knowledge gaps, attitudes, barriers, and facilitators in relation to the Big 6; (3) content and web development; and (4) user testing of the web-based program with students (n=41) and teachers (n=8) to evaluate its acceptability, relevance, and appeal to the target audience.

Results

The co-design process resulted in a six-module, evidence-informed program that uses interactive cartoon storylines and web-based delivery to engage students. Student and teacher feedback collected during user testing was positive in terms of acceptability and relevance. Commonly identified areas for improvement concerned the length of modules, age appropriateness of language and alcohol storyline, the need for character backstories and links to syllabus information, and feasibility of implementation. Modifications were made to address these issues.

Conclusions

The Health4Life school-based program is the first universal, web-based program to concurrently address 6 important chronic disease risk factors among secondary school students. By adopting a multiple health behavior change approach, it has the potential to efficiently modify the Big 6 risk factors within one program and to equip young people with the skills and knowledge needed to achieve and maintain good physical and mental health throughout adolescence and into adulthood.
The United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Is Changing—US Medical Curricula Should Too
Authors: Liu Benjamin
Published: June 2020

In recent years, US medical students have been increasingly absent from medical school classrooms. They do so to maximize their competitiveness for a good residency program, by achieving high scores on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. As a US medical student, I know that most of these class-skipping students are utilizing external learning resources, which are perceived to be more efficient than traditional lectures. Now that the USMLE Step 1 is adopting a pass/fail grading system, it may be tempting to expect students to return to traditional basic science lectures. Unfortunately, my experiences tell me this will not happen. Instead, US medical schools must adapt their curricula. These new curricula should focus on clinical decision making, team-based learning, and new medical decision technologies, while leveraging the validated ability of these external resources to teach the basic sciences. In doing so, faculty will not only increase student engagement but also modernize the curricula to meet new standards on effective medical learning.
e-INEBRIA Special Interest Group Roadmap for Best Practices for Research on Brief Digital Interventions for Problematic Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use
Authors: Schaub Michael Patrick , Berman Anne H , López Pelayo Hugo , Boumparis Nikolaos , Khadjesari Zarnie , Blankers Matthijs , Gual Antoni , Riper Heleen , Pas Lodewijk
Published: June 2020

There is great potential for scaling up the delivery of brief interventions for alcohol and illicit drug use, given the increasing coverage of mobile devices and technologies for digital interventions, including apps for smartphones and tablets. However, while the number of digital interventions is increasing rapidly, the involvement of brief-intervention researchers and the development of good practices has just begun. In 2018, the Special Interest Group on digital interventions of the International Network on Brief Interventions for Alcohol & Other Drugs (e-INEBRIA SIG) initiated a conversation regarding possible avenues of future research, which subsequently became a roadmap for digital interventions. This roadmap consists of points considered relevant for future research, ongoing technological developments, and their implementation across a continuum of prevention and care. Moreover, it outlines starting points for the diversification of brief digital interventions, as well as next steps for quality improvement and implementation in public health and clinical practice. The roadmap of the e-INEBRIA SIG on digital interventions is a starting point that indicates relevant next steps and provides orientation for researchers and interested practitioners with regard to the ambiguous literature and the complexity of current digital interventions.
Comparative Analysis of Single and Combined Antipyretics Using Patient-Generated Health Data: Retrospective Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Park Yu Rang , Kim Hyery , Park Ji Ae , Ahn Sang Hyun , Chang Seyun , Shin Jae Won , Kim Myeongchan , Lee Jae-Ho
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND

Fever is one of the most common symptoms in children and is the physiological response of the human immune system to external pathogens. However, effectiveness studies of single and combined antipyretic therapy are relatively few due to lack of data. In this study, we used large-scale patient-generated health data from mobile apps to compare antipyretic affects between single and combination antipyretics.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to establish combination patterns of antipyretics and compare antipyretic affects between single and combination antipyretics using large-scale patient-generated health data from mobile apps.

METHODS

This study was conducted using medical records of feverish children from July 2015 to June 2017 using the Fever Coach mobile app. In total, 3,584,748 temperature records and 1,076,002 antipyretic records of 104,337 children were analyzed. Antipyretic efficacy was measured by the mean difference in the area under the temperature change curve from baseline for 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, and 12 hours after antipyretic administration in children with a body temperature of ≥38.0 ℃ between single and combination groups.

RESULTS

The single antipyretic and combination groups comprised 152,017 and 54,842 cases, respectively. Acetaminophen was the most commonly used single agent (60,929/152,017, 40.08%), and acetaminophen plus dexibuprofen was the most common combination (28,065/54,842, 51.17%). We observed inappropriate use, including triple combination (1205/206,859, 0.58%) and use under 38 ℃ (11,361/206,859, 5.50%). Combination antipyretic use increased with temperature; 23.82% (33,379/140,160) of cases were given a combination treatment when 38 ℃ ≤ temperature < 39 ℃, while 41.40% (1517/3664) were given a combination treatment when 40 ℃ ≤ temperature. The absolute value of the area under the curve at each hour was significantly higher in the single group than in the combination group; this trend was consistently observed, regardless of the type of antipyretics. In particular, the delta fever during the first 6 hours between the two groups showed the highest difference. The combination showed the lowest delta fever among all cases.

CONCLUSIONS

Antipyretics combination patterns were analyzed using large-scale data. Approximately 75% of febrile cases used single antipyretics, mostly acetaminophen, but combination usage became more frequent as temperature increased. However, combination antipyretics did not show definite advantages over single antipyretics in defervescence, regardless of the combination. Single antipyretics are effective in reducing fever and relieving discomfort in febrile children.
ЗЛГ с одним газоразрядным промежутком в каждом плече: коррекция дрейфа нуля датчиков
Authors: Медведев А.А. , Грушин М.Е.
Published: June 2020

Работа посвящена коррекции дрейфа нуля датчиков зеемановских лазерных гироскопов (ЗЛГ) с одним газоразрядным промежутком в каждом плече при их самопрогреве и при изменении внешних температур. Показан метод, позволяющий корректировать дрейф нуля, улучшая точностные характеристики прибора до 1 000 раз. Впервые при испытаниях ЗЛГ были получены результаты лучше 0,01 °/ч при скорости изменения внешней температуры 0,3 °/мин.
Матричные фотоприемные устройства ИК‑диапазона: «постпандемические» тенденции развития. Часть I
Authors: Кульчицкий Н.А. , Наумов А.В. , Старцев В.В.
Published: June 2020

В обзоре рассмотрены инфракрасные детекторы тепловизионной техники. Устройства востребованы в системах и комплексах гражданской и медицинской термографии, охранного и пожарного наблюдения, персональных системах ночного видения и обеспечения безопасности. Представлено сравнение фотонных и тепловых детекторов разного типа от разных мировых производителей. Дан экспертный прогноз изменений динамики роста рынка и тенденций его пост-пандемического развития.
Оптико-­физические измерения в условиях априорной неопределенности: теоретические аспекты
Authors: Кугейко М.М. , Лысенко С.А.
Published: June 2020

Представлен новый взгляд на теорию оптико-физических измерений в рамках концепции «безаприорности». Рассмотрено ее использование для оценки состояния биотканей и определения эффективности фотодинамической терапии. Показано, как в условиях отсутствия априорной информации об исследуемом объекте и невозможности проведения калибровочных процедур оперативно оценить параметры исследуемого объекта. Основу решений составляет комплексирование методов регрессионного анализа и аппроксимации функциональных связей регистрируемых сигналов с оптическими характеристиками сред.
Diseño y evaluación de una estrategia para la enseñanza del papel de la familia en el desarrollo del individuo en estudiantes de Medicina
Authors: Sauceda García Juan Manuel , Zamora López Beatriz , Ortiz León Silvia , Fouilloux Morales Mariana , Petra Micu Ileana
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: diseñar y evaluar una estrategia de enseñanza para estudiantes de medicina con el tema el papel de la familia en el desarrollo del individuo, que promueva la competencia: “Pensamiento crítico, juicio clínico, toma de decisiones y manejo de la información”. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo. Profesores expertos en el tema y en competencias realizaron el diseño y elaboración de la estrategia de enseñanza. Participaron 138 alumnos y cinco profesores del primer año de licenciatura de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los participantes evaluaron la eficacia de la estrategia para la adquisición del conocimiento, así como las habilidades y actitudes necesarias para el desarrollo de la competencia. Resultados: los profesores consideraron que la estrategia favoreció el desarrollo del perfil intermedio I de la competencia. Los alumnos señalaron que alcanzaron los objetivos de aprendizaje, la aplicación del conocimiento y experimentaron interés por el tema. Conclusiones: la respuesta positiva de profesores y alumnos hacia la estrategia mostró la necesidad de implementar métodos de enseñanza que promuevan un aprendizaje activo del estudiante de medicina, con el propósito de obtener una adecuada formación en los aspectos psicológicos de la familia.
Criterios diagnósticos del American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension 2017 en México
Authors: Martínez Méndez Alejandro
Published: June 2020

La guía del American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Hypertension 2017 (acc/aha 2017) implementó criterios diagnósticos y metas de tratamiento más estrictos para la hipertensión en comparación con otras guías de atención, esto propició diversas dificultades y cuestionamientos para su aplicación a escala global. En México, las guías de práctica clínica y la Norma Oficial Mexicana para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Hipertensión Arterial no contemplan esta nueva clasificación hasta la fecha; en el presente escrito se analizan las contribuciones más importantes de la guía acc/aha 2017, con el propósito de brindar al médico de primera atención elementos que sustenten una correcta valoración de los pacientes para su diagnóstico oportuno y mejor manejo de esta enfermedad.
Síndrome de intestino irritable: un enfoque integral
Authors: Mendoza López Gloria , Becerra Torres Ernesto Camilo
Published: June 2020

El síndrome de intestino irritable (sii) es una enfermedad crónica que afecta la función gastrointestinal y requiere una demanda importante de atención médica; su incidencia aumenta dependiendo de los estilos de vida y otras comorbilidades. Actualmente el enfoque terapéutico se debe hacer de forma integral llevando a cabo un adecuado seguimiento y tratamiento. El objetivo de esta revisión es dar a conocer los factores de riesgo, la sintomatología y el tratamiento utilizado para este síndrome, con el propósito de fortalecer su abordaje multidisciplinario y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes.
On the Entanglement Cost of One-Shot Compression
Authors: Bab Hadiashar Shima , Nayak Ashwin
Published: June 2020

We revisit the task of visible compression of an ensemble of quantum states with entanglement assistance in the one-shot setting. The protocols achieving the best compression use many more qubits of shared entanglement than the number of qubits in the states in the ensemble. Other compression protocols, with potentially larger communication cost, have entanglement cost bounded by the number of qubits in the given states. This motivates the question as to whether entanglement is truly necessary for compression, and if so, how much of it is needed.
Motivated by questions in communication complexity, we lift certain restrictions that are placed on compression protocols in tasks such as state-splitting and channel simulation. We show that an ensemble of the form designed by Jain, Radhakrishnan, and Sen (ICALP'03) saturates the known bounds on the sum of communication and entanglement costs, even with the relaxed compression protocols we study.
The ensemble and the associated one-way communication protocol have several remarkable properties. The ensemble is incompressible by more than a constant number of qubits without shared entanglement, even when constant error is allowed. Moreover, in the presence of shared entanglement, the communication cost of compression can be arbitrarily smaller than the entanglement cost. The quantum information cost of the protocol can thus be arbitrarily smaller than the cost of compression without shared entanglement. The ensemble can also be used to show the impossibility of reducing, via compression, the shared entanglement used in two-party protocols for computing Boolean functions.
EDUCAÇÃO (POPULAR) E HEGEMONIA
Authors: Silva Percival Tavares , Turcatto Sergio Miguel
Published: June 2020

A partir de Marx, Engels e Gramsci, o artigo objetiva apontar como, no sistema capitalista, a relação de hegemonia atravessa a práxis da educação popular. Está dividido em três partes: o século das luzes e a educação popular; a educação popular e a hegemonia em Marx e Engels; a educação popular e a hegemonia em Gramsci. Mostra que a “educação” destinada pela burguesia à massa popular está calcada na hegemonia de classe, pois visa ao seu controle, à sua disciplina e à exploração da sua força de trabalho. Nas considerações finais, faz-se uma rápida referência à educação no Brasil para afirmar, de acordo com Darcy Ribeiro, que “a crise educacional do Brasil da qual tanto se fala, não é uma crise, é um programa”.
A CHAMA ARDENTE DA EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR ENTRE NÓS: Entrevista com Luiz Augusto Passos
Authors: Lole Ana , Silva Percival Tavares da
Published: June 2020

Entrevista realizada com o professor Luiz Augusto Passos da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT). Passos é filósofo e integrante do grupo de pesquisa de Movimentos Sociais e Educação da UFMT, com pesquisas na área da educação ambiental e dos movimentos sociais e uma vasta experiência em Educação Popular urbana e junto aos povos indígenas. Na entrevista, realizada pela Profª Drª Ana Lole e pelo Profº Drº Percival Tavares da Silva, percebemos a grande vivência de Passos na Educação Popular, o que nos leva a sentir “a chama ardente da educação popular entre nós”.
LAS TESIS DESESCOLARIZANTES DE IVÁN ILLICH EN LOS PRIMEROS AÑOS 1970 EN ARGENTINA. La traducción de una polémica italiana en la Revista de Ciencias de la Educación (1970-1975)
Authors: Gómez Sebastián
Published: June 2020

La Revista de Ciencias de la Educación (RCE) (1970-1975) estuvo dirigida por Juan Carlos Tedesco y agrupó a jóvenes egresadas y egresados de carreras de Ciencias de la Educación de universidades argentinas. La publicación animó una crítica no sólo al conservadurismo educativo y a las posiciones liberales; también a las propuestas pedagógicas que encontraban fundamentos en Paulo Freire o en las tesis descolarnizantes de Ivan Illich. En su número 10 (octubre 1973), la RCE reprodujo un debate político-pedagógico italiano entre fines de 1972 y principios de 1973 en torno a los planteos de Illich. Concretamente, tradujo y compiló una polémica aparecida en la Rivista riforma della scuola y en el periódico Il Manifesto. El artículo se propone la reconstrucción de las características de esta polémica y sugiere que su inclusión en el número 10 de la RCE, se debió, en una buena medida, a la coyuntura abierta por la asunción del gobierno de Cámpora en mayo de 1973 en Argentina. Ante una coyuntura permeable a la intervención político-pedagógica, la RCE tendió a homologar e impugnar los planteos de Paulo Freire e Iván Illich. Se considera que tal operación se efectuó para dialogar críticamente con franjas de la izquierda peronista que tenían capacidad para incidir en la orientación de las políticas y programas educativos por parte del gobierno nacional, administraciones provinciales o las universidades.
SEXUALIDADE NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS: ANÁLISES E PROPOSIÇÕES BASEADAS EM ASPECTOS IMAGÉTICOS
Authors: Ribeiro Gabriel , Ferreira Rosilda , Bonfim Cricia , Santos Caio
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar as representações imagéticas relacionadas à sexualidade presentes nos 10 livros didáticos de ciências do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental mais distribuídos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático/2014 (PNLD/2014). A recolha e análise de dados foi realizada com recurso à uma matriz analítica confeccionada pelos autores e fundamentada no modelo KVP (Clément, 2006), que preconiza que as variáveis conhecimento cientifico (K), valores (V) e práticas sociais (P) interagem entre si e influenciam na construção das concepções de cada indivíduo. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que as representações imagéticas relacionadas à sexualidade não seguem, em grande medida, as orientações dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – Orientação Sexual, do edital PNLD/2014, nem os pressupostos da pesquisa em educação em ciências.
A PERSPECTIVA CTS E O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS ENTRE ACADÊMICOS DE ENGENHARIA AMBIENTAL: manifestações discursivas
Authors: Ramos Fernanda Peres , Neves Marcos Cesar Danhoni , Batista Michel Corci , Souza Mariana Pereira
Published: June 2020

Acredita-se perdurar nos ambientes formais e informais de ensino a crença de que as soluções para as mazelas da sociedade ocorram apenas pelo desenvolvimento científico, esquecendo-se das dimensões históricas e sociais envolvidas nesse contexto. Na tentativa de romper com esse modelo, iniciou-se a partir da década de 1970, propostas curriculares para a educação básica com destaque nas relações entre ciência-tecnologia-sociedade (CTS). O objetivo central desse movimento tem sido fomentar a alfabetização científica dos cidadãos, contribuindo para a construção da tomada decisões responsáveis sobre questões envolvendo CTS. Diante disso, esta pesquisa buscou identificar o alcance de ações CTS em um curso de Engenharia Ambiental no estado do Paraná. A coleta de dados se deu entre acadêmicos a partir do 7º período, por meio de questionários semi-estruturados sobre temas que envolvam a produção de conhecimentos científico-tecnológicos e seu alcance para a sociedade e o ambiente. Para análises dos discursos foi utilizadas categorias da Análise do Discurso (AD). Tal metodologia permite uma reflexão voltada para a observação das manifestações discursivas explícitas e implícitas nos discursos. Um sucinto movimento analítico esclareceu a pertinência de discussões sobre ensino, epistemologia e apelo social envolvido nas pesquisas voltadas às engenharias ambientais no contexto contemporâneo.
DISCUTINDO CONCEITOS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL COM PROFESSORES EM UMA ESCOLA PÚBLICA DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Oliveira Terezinha Marisa Ribeiro , Amaral Carmem Lúcia Costa
Published: June 2020

A preocupação com o meio ambiente em nossa sociedade é crescente, seja nos veículos de comunicação em massa ou mesmo em revistas especializadas e a escola não pode ficar fora dessa preocupação. Para isso é importante que o professor tenha conhecimento de conceitos que envolvem a Educação Ambiental. Desta forma, este artigo descreve o resultado de uma experiência realizada com professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio que teve como objetivos discutir alguns conceitos de Educação Ambiental. O objetivo dessa discussão foi que os professores de todas as áreas percebessem a educação ambiental como tema transversal e propusessem ações que poderiam ser desenvolvidas na escola. Os conceitos de educação ambiental escolhidos para essa discussão foram os de Loureiro (2004), Sato et al. (2005), Sorrentino et al.  (2005), Quintas (2008), Layrargues (2002), Mousinho (2003) e Trein (2008) que estão disponíveis no portal do Ministério do Meio Ambiental. Essa experiência foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública localizada no estado de São Paulo e envolveu 35 professores de todas as áreas do conhecimento. Os resultados evidenciaram que os professores não conheciam esses conceitos e que somente os de Biologia e Ciências desenvolviam projetos de EA de forma isolada. A partir do estudo e discussão desses conceitos, esses professores compreenderam que a educação ambiental deve ser desenvolvida na escola de forma transversal e interdisciplinar e que deve ser incorporada ao Projeto Político Pedagógico da Escola.
ENSINO DO CORPO HUMANO: MEDIAÇÕES TEATRAIS NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES – PARA ALÉM DAS PARTES
Authors: Leão Cassia Nunes , Freitas Nadia Magalhães da Silva , Barata Erllon Rodolfo Viegas , Freitas Nívia Magalhães da Silva
Published: June 2020

O corpo tem sido objeto de estudo de diversos campos das ciências, na intenção de compreendê-lo em sua multidimensionalidade. Entretanto, a despeito desse fato, no ensino de ciências, apresenta-se o corpo humano dividido em “partes”, cuja abordagem pauta-se nas perspectivas anatômicas e fisiológicas. A abordagem do corpo humano requer, para além de sua incidência sobre a dimensão biológica, a consideração dos acontecimentos contemporâneos. Buscamos, por meio da materialidade mediadora do teatro (produção de esquetes teatrais), compreender em que termos uma experiência formativa, envolvendo o tema corpo humano, contribui para a apreensão crítica e reflexiva de uma das dimensões que o constituem – a dimensão social, precisamente na abordagem do tema obesidade, como uma cena social dos tempos atuais. Adotamos a pesquisa-formação, de natureza qualitativa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa estavam representados por três licenciandas do Curso de Licenciatura Integrada em Educação em Ciências, Matemática e Linguagens, da Universidade Federal do Pará. As narrativas das licenciandas foram submetidas à análise interpretativa. Os resultados da experiência revelam que as licenciandas construíram um discurso cênico com criticidade e criatividade, precisamente ao experimentarem um modo próprio de problematização dos aspectos associados à obesidade. Por sua vez, as licenciandas colocaram em evidencia o cotidiano da sociedade, associado aos tempos modernos, notadamente no que diz respeito à celeridade da vida atual na configuração de comportamentos alimentares obesogênico, afastando-se da compreensão do corpo humano desvinculado da sociedade, com todos os seus enredos circunscritos.
O APEGO AO LUGAR: UMA ABORDAGEM NO SEMIÁRIDO NORDESTINO
Authors: Oliveira Tony César de Sousa , Sousa Vanessa Fernanda da Silva , Farias Ruth Raquel Soares de , Lopes Raimundo Nonato , Castro Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias
Published: June 2020

A interação entre o indivíduo e o lugar ocasiona o surgimento de laços afetivos. Se esse elo for rompido pode ocasionar grandes impactos ao indivíduo. Assim, esse estudo propõe analisar as relações entre o homem e o lugar em uma comunidade que será atingida pela construção de uma barragem no estado do Piauí.  Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores dessa comunidade. Os dados foram analisados de maneira quali-quantitativo. Para isso utilizamos do Software IBM® SPSS® Statistic versão 20, e o Software de análises sobre corpus textuais (IRaMuTeQ, 0.6 alpha 3). O estudo revelou que os entrevistados possuem um grande vínculo afetivo com o lugar. Observou-se também que os entrevistados demostram insegurança em relação ao futuro, que nos faz pensar sobre o processo de desalojamento de populações. Incluindo informações sobre a satisfação e apego ao lugar e na percepção de qualidade de vida
Contribuições teórico-metodológicas para a educação ambiental com povos tradicionais
Authors: Loureiro Carlos Frederico Bernardo
Published: June 2020

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem por objetivo contribuir com o debate sobre aspectos teórico-metodológicos fundamentais para uma prática educativa crítica com os povos tradicionais. Para tanto, parte-se do reconhecimento de que tais grupos sociais são os mais impactados em seus modos de vida pelo modelo de desenvolvimento em curso no país e que, portanto, são agentes prioritários nas lutas transformadoras das relações sociedade-natureza no capitalismo brasileiro. O texto está organizado a partir das seguintes categorias: a produção crítica do conhecimento; o diálogo e as artes como exigência da educação emancipadora; e a ancestralidade como condição primeira para o ato educativo. Estas não são as únicas categorias relevantes para a discussão proposta, mas ajudam a configurar o campo de atuação com sujeitos e suas tradições, que despertam interesse crescente na educação ambiental.