bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Markers of imminent myocardial infarction
Authors: Gustafsson Stefan , Lampa Erik , Jensevik Eriksson Karin , Butterworth Adam S. , Elmståhl Sölve , Engström Gunnar , Hveem Kristian , Johansson Mattias , Langhammer Arnulf , Lind Lars , Läll Kristi , Masala Giovanna , Metspalu Andres , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Nilsson Peter M. , Perola Markus , Simell Birgit , Sipsma Hemmo , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Ingelsson Erik , Hammar Ulf , Ganna Andrea , Svennblad Bodil , Fall Tove , Sundström Johan
Published: February 2024

Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death globally but is notoriously difficult to predict. We aimed to identify biomarkers of an imminent first myocardial infarction and design relevant prediction models. Here, we constructed a new case–cohort consortium of 2,018 persons without prior cardiovascular disease from six European cohorts, among whom 420 developed a first myocardial infarction within 6 months after the baseline blood draw. We analyzed 817 proteins and 1,025 metabolites in biobanked blood and 16 clinical variables. Forty-eight proteins, 43 metabolites, age, sex and systolic blood pressure were associated with the risk of an imminent first myocardial infarction. Brain natriuretic peptide was most consistently associated with the risk of imminent myocardial infarction. Using clinically readily available variables, we devised a prediction model for an imminent first myocardial infarction for clinical use in the general population, with good discriminatory performance and potential for motivating primary prevention efforts.
Marine ecosystem-based management: challenges remain, yet solutions exist, and progress is occurring
Authors: Haugen J. B. , Link J. S. , Cribari K. , Bundy A. , Dickey-Collas M. , Leslie H. M. , Hall J. , Fulton E. A. , Levenson J. J. , Parsons D. M. , Hassellöv I.-M , Olsen E. , DePiper G. S. , Gentry R. R. , Clark D. E. , Brainard R. E. , Mateos-Molina D. , Borja A. , Gelcich S. , Guilhon M. , Ban N. C. , Pedreschi D. , Khan A. , Chuenpagdee R. , Large S. I. , Defeo O. , Shannon L. , Bailey S. A. , Jordan A. , Agnalt A. L.
Published: February 2024

Marine ecosystem-based management (EBM) is recognized as the best practice for managing multiple ocean-use sectors, explicitly addressing tradeoffs among them. However, implementation is perceived as challenging and often slow. A poll of over 150 international EBM experts revealed progress, challenges, and solutions in EBM implementation worldwide. Subsequent follow-up discussions with over 40 of these experts identified remaining impediments to further implementation of EBM: governance; stakeholder engagement; support; uncertainty about and understanding of EBM; technology and data; communication and marketing. EBM is often portrayed as too complex or too challenging to be fully implemented, but we report that identifiable and achievable solutions exist (e.g., political will, persistence, capacity building, changing incentives, and strategic marketing of EBM), for most of these challenges and some solutions can solve many impediments simultaneously. Furthermore, we are advancing in key components of EBM by practitioners who may not necessarily realize they are doing so under different paradigms. These findings indicate substantial progress on EBM, more than previously reported.
Computational chemistry for water-splitting electrocatalysis
Authors: Miao Licheng , Jia Wenqi , Cao Xuejie , Jiao Lifang
Published: February 2024

This review presents the basics of electrochemical water electrolysis, discusses the progress in computational methods, models, and descriptors, and evaluates the remaining challenges in this field.
Comparative analysis of supercritical fluid-based and chemical-based decellularization techniques for nerve tissue regeneration
Authors: Kim Beom-Seok , Kim Jeong-Uk , Lee Jae Woo , Ryu Kyung Min , Koh Rachel H. , So Kyoung-Ha , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: February 2024

The supercritical (SC) fluid-based method were utilized for nerve tissue decellualrization. In vitro, vivo assessments underscore its potential for advanced tissue engineering and regenerative applications.
Natural polyphenolic antibacterial bio-adhesives for infected wound healing
Authors: Zhang Hengjie , Feng Yuqi , Wang Tianyou , Zhang Jianhua , Song Yuxian , Zhang Jing , Li Yiwen , Zhou Dingzi , Gu Zhipeng
Published: February 2024

Polyphenolic antibacterial bio-adhesives were synthesised via polyphenols and acid anhydrides without solvent or catalyst. Upon heating, these adhesives could induce strong adhesion onto various substrates, while demonstrating excellent antibacterial, antiinfection and biodegradability properties.
High-pressure phase and pressure-induced phase transition of Ag3YCl6
Authors: Maki Kotaro , Muraoka Koki , Kawaguchi Saori , Tanimoto Taku , Nakayama Akira , Yokokura Seiya , Shimada Toshihiro , Tadanaga Kiyoharu , Miura Akira
Published: February 2024

Hexagonal Ag3YCl6 was found to transform into a monoclinic structure above ∼1.5 GPa.
Growth of high-quality langatate crystals by the Czochralski method with elimination of Ga2O3 volatilization
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Xianyang , Ji Cheng , Dai Peng , Shen Liming , Bao Ningzhong
Published: February 2024

This work successfully grew a high-quality langatate crystal under an air atmosphere using the Czochralski method, effectively eliminating Ga2O3 volatilization.
Stacking engineering in layered homostructures: transitioning from 2D to 3D architectures
Authors: Wang Jiamin , Cheng Fang , Sun Yan , Xu Hai , Cao Liang
Published: February 2024

Assembling identical 2D layers into homostructures, ranging from bi-layers to 3D structures, by controlling the rotational and translational degrees of freedom provides an effective route to manipulate their properties for advanced functionalities.
Charge transfer excitons and directional fluorescence of in-plane lateral MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures
Authors: Li Ning , Zhang Na , Wang Jingang , Sun Mengtao
Published: February 2024

In this article, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of in-plane lateral MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures are theoretically investigated.
Alloying enhanced negative Poisson's ratio in two-dimensional aluminum gallium nitride (AlxGa1−xN)
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Tang Zhunyun , Yu Linfeng , Wei Donghai , Yuan Zonghao , Tang Chao , Wang Huimin , Ouyang Tao , Qin Guangzhao
Published: February 2024

Based on first-principles calculations, we systematically study the NPR in two-dimensional (2D) GaN and AlN, and their alloy of AlxGa1−xN. Intriguingly, the NPR in AlxGa1−xN is significantly enhanced compared to the parent materials of GaN and AlN.
Enhanced As-COF nanochannels as a high-capacity anode for K and Ca-ion batteries
Authors: Ahmed Shehzad , Ghani Awais , Muhammad Imran , Muhammad Iltaf , Mehmood Andleeb , Ullah Naeem , Hassan Arzoo , Wang Yong , Tian Xiaoqing , Yakobson Boris
Published: February 2024

The first-principles computations show that arsenic-based covalent organic frameworks (As-COF) hold great promise as anode materials for K and Ca ion batteries.
Exploring intermixed magnetic nanoparticles: insights from atomistic spin dynamics simulations
Authors: Mokkath Junais Habeeb , Nair Remya , Muhammed Mufasila Mumthaz
Published: February 2024

Schematic visualization of spin structure of 4 nm-sized Ni50Gd50 nanoparticles is shown.
Probing intramolecular interactions using molecular electrostatic potentials: changing electron density contours to unveil both attractive and repulsive interactions
Authors: Roos Goedele , Murray Jane S.
Published: February 2024

Electrostatic potentials of phenanthrene plotted on the 0.001 a.u. and 0.01295 a.u. contours of the electronic density, showing clearly the nature of the interaction of the closest hydrogens. Red and yellow are positive surface potentials.
Mo–P sites boosting interfacial charge transfer of 2D/3D MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production and chromium(vi) reduction
Authors: Wu Yaoyao , Cao Jiachun , Peng Ruihao , Cao Miao , Peng Guan , Yuan Wenjing , Luo Xianping
Published: February 2024

Spatial separation of photogenerated carriers via the active Mo–P sites on 2D/3D phosphorous-doped MoS2/TiO2 heterostructure can realize the highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production and Cr(vi) reduction.
Catalytic comparison of cyanosilylation/Knoevenagel condensation reactions by Pb-based heterometallic organic frameworks with different second metal ions
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Yang Guo-Ping , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: February 2024

This work explored the catalytic properties of four new 3D isostructural HMOFs in cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. The study is instructive for the synthesis of HMOFs and effects of different metal ions on catalytic properties.
Fe–carbon nanofiber-modified Mo-MOF for the controlled release and translocation of micronutrients in plants
Authors: Pandey Komal , Omar Rishabh Anand , Verma Nishith , Gupta Govind
Published: February 2024

Fe-CNF/Mo-MOF releases Mo and Fe in soil upon degradation by resident rhizobacteria and translocates the micronutrients to plant roots, shoots, and leaves.
Mucin coated protein-polyphenol microcarriers for daidzein delivery
Authors: Lim Su Hui , Yong Germaine Jia Min , Chia Cheryl Yingxue , Man Shu Mei , Subramanian Gomathy Sandhya , Oh Geraldine , Cheong Eleanor Jing Yi , Kiryukhin Maxim V.
Published: February 2024

Mucin coated protein-tannin multilayer microcarriers as an effective oral delivery system for the small hydrophobic molecule, daidzein, towards the colon.
Apple polyphenol extract ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors in male C57BL/6 mice by inhibiting the inflammation of the gut–brain axis
Authors: Xie Yisha , Wu Zhengli , Qian Qingfan , Yang Hao , Ma Jieyu , Luan Wenxue , Shang Siyuan , Li Xinli
Published: February 2024

C57BL/6 mice were fed with control diet, sugary-diet, or sugary-diet with APE gavage for 8 weeks. After behavioral testing, the samples of serum, hippocampus, colon, and colonic contents were collected for further determination.
A recyclable Cu@C2N nano-catalyst applied in the transformation of alkynes: pH switchable access to ketones and 1,3-diynes
Authors: Li Yuanjin , Yang Tianyu , Wang Shuhui , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei
Published: February 2024

We synthesized a reusable heterogeneous Cu@C2N catalyst for pH switchable conversion of alkynes to ketones and 1,3-diynes with 92% and 95% yield. The catalyst has a broad substrate scope, and the reaction conditions are environmentally-friendly.
Microfluidic approaches in microbial ecology
Authors: Ugolini Giovanni Stefano , Wang Miaoxiao , Secchi Eleonora , Pioli Roberto , Ackermann Martin , Stocker Roman
Published: February 2024

Here we explore the use of microfluidic systems in microbial ecology, describing applications ranging from the investigation of single-cell behaviors to the imaging of complex three-dimensional biofilms.
Wearable intelligent sweat platform for SERS-AI diagnosis of gout
Authors: Chen Zhaoxian , Wang Wei , Tian Hao , Yu Wenrou , Niu Yu , Zheng Xueli , Liu Shihong , Wang Li , Huang Yingzhou
Published: February 2024

A wearable intelligent SERS platform enables the sensitive detection of UA (0.1 μM) in sweat for AI diagnosis of gout.
Photo-steered rapid and multimodal locomotion of 3D-printed tough hydrogel robots
Authors: Dong Min , Liu Weixuan , Dai Chen Fei , Jiao Dejin , Zhu Qing Li , Hong Wei , Yin Jun , Zheng Qiang , Wu Zi Liang
Published: February 2024

Tough hydrogel-based soft robots are devised by extrusion-based 3D printing of metallosupramolecular gels with different responses, which exhibit agile multi-gait locomotion and task execution upon dynamic light stimulations.
Enhanced CO oxidation in porous metal-oxide nanoparticles derived from MOFs
Authors: Luo Desong , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui
Published: February 2024

Porous nanoparticles of Co3O4, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 were successfully developed. Among them, the porous Co3O4 nanoparticles greatly improved the catalytic CO oxidation performance due to their large specific surface area and excellent Co active sites.
Achieving durable hydrophilic modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) through organic/inorganic hybridization strategy
Authors: Ding Kangjia , Wei Lijuan , Guo Yangfeng , Zhang Tingting , Wang Dongfang , Xu Yiyang , Li Qian
Published: February 2024

A facile method to construct hydrophilic coating on PTFE membrane.
Enhancing the performance of NaVPO4F cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries through graphite incorporation and polyethylene glycol 6000 modification
Authors: Li Mengtao , Cao Jinghe , Ou Junke
Published: February 2024

An NVPF material with good performance was synthesized, showing a stable structure and efficient and fast sodium ion transport.
Magnetic aerogels from FePt and CoPt3 directly from organic solution
Authors: Schoske L. , Lübkemann-Warwas F. , Morales I. , Wesemann C. , Eckert J. G. , Graf R. T. , Bigall N. C.
Published: February 2024

Schematic overview of the aerogel synthesis from iron platinunm and cobalt platinum nanoparticles.
Kinetic description of water transport during spontaneous emulsification induced by Span 80
Authors: Fukuyama Mao , Mizuguchi Tomoko , Santivongskul Piangrawee , Ono Yuri , Kasuya Motohiro , Inagawa Arinori , Hibara Akihide
Published: February 2024

The kinetics of water transport during spontaneous water-in-oil nanodroplet formation induced by Span 80 was elucidated using a microfluidic device.
Towards the universal use of DOSY as a molar mass characterization tool: temperature dependence investigations and a software tool to process diffusion coefficients
Authors: Silva Igor W. F. , McKay Alasdair , Sokolova Anna , Junkers Tanja
Published: February 2024

The temperature dependence of DOSY molar mass determination is discussed.
Influence of N-protonation on electronic properties of acridine derivatives by quantum crystallography
Authors: Pawlędzio Sylwia , Ziemniak Marcin , Trzybiński Damian , Arhangelskis Mihails , Makal Anna , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: February 2024

Protonation changes the molecular architecture of the crystal structures, and thus modifies the intermolecular interactions in the studied structures.
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate by a cobalt phosphino–thiolate complex
Authors: Intrator Jeremy A. , Velazquez David A. , Fan Sicheng , Mastrobattista Ellie , Yu Christine , Marinescu Smaranda C.
Published: February 2024

The activity of a cobalt phosphino–thiolate complex towards the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in the presence of H2O is observed to produce formate with a selectivity as high as 94%, displaying negligible current degradation over long-term electrolyses.
Cyanido-bridged diplatinum(ii) complexes: ligand and solvent effect on aggregation and luminescence
Authors: Khistiaeva Viktoria V. , Buss Stefan , Eskelinen Toni , Hirva Pipsa , Kinnunen Niko , Friedel Joshua , Kletsch Lukas , Klein Axel , Strassert Cristian A. , Koshevoy Igor O.
Published: February 2024

Linking two cyclometalated Pt(ii) fragments via cyanido bridge improves the luminescence and dramatically enhances the aggregation ability resulting in distinct sensitivity to the properties of the surrounding medium.
Flow-driven enhancement of neodymium and dysprosium separation from aqueous solutions
Authors: Wang Qingpu , Subban Chinmayee V.
Published: February 2024

Flow-induced non-equilibrium conditions yielded high-purity Dy precipitate from aqueous mixtures of NdCl3 and DyCl3 more quickly compared to conventional equilibrium stirred mixing.
Ytterbium–nitrogen co-doped ordered mesoporous TiO2: an innovative hetero-phase photocatalyst for harnessing solar energy in green hydrogen production
Authors: Gupta Sanjeev , Kwak Yeonsu , Raj Rayappan Pavul , Selvam Parasuraman
Published: February 2024

Ytterbium–nitrogen doubly doped ordered mesoporous titania boosts solar hydrogen generation, a potential breakthrough in renewable energy.
Interface regulation using a fluorinated vinylene-linked covalent organic framework for a highly stable Zn anode
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Li Ning , Liu Huiyan , Sun Haoyang , Wang Zhuo , Zhai Lipeng , Chen Kongyao , Mi Liwei , Fang Zhe , Huang Yunhui
Published: February 2024

Herein, a functional vinylene-linked COF with zincophilic fluorinated sites is well designed and applied as an interface layer to simultaneously manipulate the Zn plating/stripping behavior and interfacial side reactions.
Ru dopants induced tensile strain in Ni2P for efficient urea-assisted water decomposition at an ampere-level current density
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Du Yunmei , Li Shuangshuang , Gu Yuanxiang , Wang Lei
Published: February 2024

Ru-Ni2P@CN was synthesized by 'hydrothermal reaction-Ru solution impregnation-phosphating' using Vb12 as nitrogen source and carbon source. In addition, a large amount of Ru doping and tensile strain were successfully introduced into the catalyst.
Lithium, sodium and potassium enolate aggregates and monomers: syntheses and structures
Authors: Davison Nathan , Hemingway Jack M. , Waddell Paul G. , Lu Erli
Published: February 2024

Group-1 metal enolates are key intermediates in a number of reactions. Here, we report a series of Li, Na and K enolates as hexamers, tetramer and monomers, figuring out how their structures are influenced by the aggregate size and metal identity.
Advancing sustainable end-of-life strategies for photovoltaic modules with silicon reclamation for lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Wang Owen , Chen Zhuowen , Ma Xiaotu
Published: February 2024

Upcycling silicon from waste solar panels into Li-ion batteries as anodes is a potential solution to handle the ever-growing solar waste.
Correction: Optimization of a CE-ICP-MS/MS method for the investigation of liposome–cisplatin nanosystems and their interactions with transferrin
Authors: Wróblewska Anna Maria , Samsonowicz-Górski Jan , Kamińska Ewelina , Drozd Marcin , Matczuk Magdalena
Published: February 2024

Correction for ‘Optimization of a CE-ICP-MS/MS method for the investigation of liposome–cisplatin nanosystems and their interactions with transferrin’ by Anna Maria Wróblewska et al., J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 2022, 37, 1442–1449, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00459J.
Test strip coupled Cas12a-assisted signal amplification strategy for sensitive detection of uracil-DNA glycosylase
Authors: Guo Bin , Hu Chong , Yang Zeping , Tang Chu , Zhang Chuanxian , Wang Fu
Published: February 2024

In this study, we employed Cas12a protein and enzyme-assisted cycle amplification technology with a test strip to establish a precise platform for the detection of UDG enzyme.
Synthesis of unsymmetric phosphorotrithioates by sequential coupling of 1,1-dichloro-N,N-diethylphosphanamine with thiols and sulfenyl chloride
Authors: Hussain Feroze , Mahajan Sheena , Ahmed Sajjad , Ahmed Qazi Naveed
Published: February 2024

Herein, we present the first, one-step, direct synthesis of unsymmetric phosphorotrithioates through a process involving sequential coupling of 1,1-dichloro-N,N-diethylphosphanamine with thiols and sulfenyl chloride.
Oxime derivatives of betulonic acid and platanic acid as novel cytotoxic or antiviral agents
Authors: Černá Lucie , Bildziukevich Uladzimir , Rárová Lucie , Trylčová Jana , Šaman David , Weber Jan , Lovecká Petra , Wimmer Zdeněk
Published: February 2024

Less frequently studied plant triterpenoids betulonic acid and platanic acid were selected to design, synthesize and investigate their oxime derivatives as novel and potentially effective cytotoxic and/or antiviral agents.
Retrospective Analysis of the Outcomes of Genetic Testing in Patients Suspected to Have Hereditary Hearing Loss or Deafness
Authors: Bowden Acacia , Hubbel Alexandra , Smith Lindsay , Wang Hongyue , Fong Chin-To
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Uncorrected hearing loss can result in detrimental sequelae. Research addressing clinical presentation and genetic testing would inform clinical decision making.

Method:

A retrospective chart review of 96 patients aged 1 month to 46 years (median age

= 6 years) diagnosed with hearing loss or deafness and who underwent genetic testing at University of Rochester Medical Center from 2011 to 2021. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests examined the relationship between a diagnostic positive genetic test result and various characteristics of hearing loss, including congenital (
n
= 52), noncongenital (
n
= 34), prelingual (
n
= 53), postlingual (
n
= 33), progressive (
n
= 13), not progressive (
n
= 47), bilateral (
n
= 67), unilateral (
n
= 26), sensorineural (
n
= 68), conductive (
n
= 14), mixed (
n
= 5), syndromic (
n
= 10), and nonsyndromic (
n
= 87) hearing loss. We also examined the number of patients with presence of developmental disabilities (
n
= 35), having a first-degree relative with hearing loss (
n
= 19), having hearing aids or cochlear implants (
n
= 45), and having a multisystem presentation prior to diagnosis (
n
= 45).

Results:

Patients with sensorineural hearing loss (44.1%) had significantly more diagnostic positive results than those with mixed (0%) or conductive hearing loss (21.4%),
p
= .004. However, significantly fewer patients with disabilities (19.4%) had diagnostic positive tests than those without disabilities (43.3%),
p
< .05. More patients with a multisystem presentation were also found to have syndromic causes of hearing loss (23.3%) than patients who did not have a multisystem presentation,
p
< .05.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests a significant association between sensorineural type of hearing loss and a diagnostic positive genetic test result, while the presence of disabilities was significantly associated with a nondiagnostic genetic test result. Knowledge of these findings is critical for understanding the cause of the hearing loss, identifying other associated symptoms, and determining risk to family members.
Just-in-Time: A Caregiver-Mediated Intervention for Toddlers With Autism
Authors: Bailey Kathryn M. , Rodgers Mary E. , Quinn Emily D. , Thompson Suzanne , Nietfeld Jennifer , Kaiser Ann P.
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

We investigated effects of an adaptive telehealth coaching model on caregiver implementation of enhanced milieu teaching (EMT) with newly diagnosed toddlers with autism.

Method:

Three caregiver–child dyads participated in a multiple-baseline-across-behaviors, single-case design. Caregivers were taught EMT via telehealth using the teach–model–coach–review approach. EMT strategies were taught sequentially in four components corresponding to design tiers. Caregivers reported their needs for support and adaptation via weekly surveys. Primary outcomes were measures of caregiver's implementation, including (a) a fidelity checklist for wholistic use of EMT and (b) a percentage of correct use of a subset of key EMT strategies (e.g., matched turns, target talk, expansions, play actions, milieu episodes). Generalization and maintenance of caregiver strategy use in uncoached home activities were measured. The number of different words used by children was measured as a secondary, descriptive outcome. Social validity data were collected through ratings and interviews at the end of the study.

Results:

There was a functional relation between the intervention and caregiver's implementation of EMT for all dyads. Caregiver's use of EMT strategies often generalized and maintained post-intervention. Child response to intervention was variable. Social validity data indicated that the model was beneficial to caregivers and children.

Conclusions:

An adaptive telehealth coaching model is effective for teaching caregivers of toddlers with autism to implement EMT and potentially helps to bridge the gap between diagnosis and comprehensive intervention. Further exploration of the relation between caregiver fidelity and dosage of active ingredients and child spoken language outcomes is needed.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25156223
ECG‐TransCovNet: A hybrid transformer model for accurate arrhythmia detection using Electrocardiogram signals
Authors: Shah Hasnain Ali , Saeed Faisal , Diyan Muhammad , Almujally Nouf Abdullah , Kang Jae‐Mo
Published: February 2024

Abnormalities in the heart's rhythm, known as arrhythmias, pose a significant threat to global health, often leading to severe cardiac conditions and sudden cardiac deaths. Therefore, early and accurate detection of arrhythmias is crucial for timely intervention and potentially life‐saving treatment. Artificial Intelligence, particularly deep learning, has revolutionised the detection and diagnosis of various health conditions, including arrhythmias. A unique hybrid architecture, ECG‐TransCovNet, that combines Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformer models for enhanced arrhythmia detection in Electrocardiogram signals is introduced. The authors’ approach leverages the superior temporal pattern recognition capabilities of Transformers and the spatial feature extraction strengths of convolutional neural networks, providing a robust and accurate solution for arrhythmia detection. The performance and generalisability of the authors’ proposed model are validated through tests on the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia and PhysioNet databases. The authors conducted experimental trials using these two benchmark datasets. The authors’ results demonstrate that the proposed ECG‐TransCovNet model achieves state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) performance in terms of detection accuracy, reaching 98.6%. Additionally, the authors conducted several experiments and compared the results to the most recent techniques utilising their assessment measures. The experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ model can generally produce better results.
BUDDI-MaNGA
Authors: Jegatheesan Keerthana , Johnston Evelyn J. , Häußler Boris , Nedkova Kalina V.
Published: February 2024

The many unique properties of galaxies are shaped by physical processes that affect different components of the galaxy – such as their bulges and discs – in different ways, and they leave characteristic imprints on the light and spectra of these components. Disentangling these spectra reveals vital clues that can be traced back in time to understand how galaxies, and their components, form and evolve throughout their lifetimes. With BUDDI, we have decomposed the integral field unit (IFU) datacubes in SDSS-MaNGA DR17 into Sérsic bulge and exponential disc components and extracted clean bulge and disc spectra. BUDDI-MaNGA is the first large statistical sample of such decomposed spectra of 1452 galaxies covering morphologies from ellipticals to late-type spirals. We derive stellar masses of the individual components with spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting using BAGPIPES and estimate their mean mass-weighted stellar metallicities and stellar ages using PPXF. With this information, we reconstruct the mass assembly histories of the bulges and discs of 968 spiral galaxies (Sa-Sm types). Our results show a clear downsizing effect especially for the bulges, with more massive components assembling earlier and faster than the less massive ones. Additionally, we compare the stellar populations of the bulges and discs in these galaxies, and find that a majority of the bulges host more metal-rich and older stars than their disc counterparts. Nevertheless, we also find a non-negligible fraction of the spiral galaxy population in our sample contains bulges that are younger and more metal-enhanced than their discs. We interpret these results, taking into account how their formation histories and current stellar populations depend on stellar mass and morphology.
The VMC survey
Authors: Sicignano T. , Ripepi V. , Marconi M. , Molinaro R. , Bhardwaj A. , Cioni M.-R. L. , de Grijs R. , Storm J. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Ivanov V. D. , De Somma G.
Published: February 2024

Context. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs) are the less frequently used counterparts of classical or type I Cepheids (CCs) which provide the primary calibration of the distance ladder for measuring the Hubble constant in the local Universe. In the era of the “Hubble tension”, T2C variables together with the RR Lyrae stars and the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) can potentially provide non-CC-dependent calibration of the cosmic distance ladder.

Aims. Our goal is to provide an absolute calibration of the period–luminosity, period–luminosity–colour, and period–Wesenheit relations (PL, PLC, and PW, respectively) of T2Cs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which traditionally serves as a crucial first anchor of the extragalactic distance ladder.

Methods. We exploited time-series photometry in the near-infrared (NIR) Y,  J, and Ks bands for a sample of approximately 320 T2Cs in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs). These observations were acquired during 2009–2018 in the context of the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), an ESO public survey. We supplemented the NIR photometry from the VMC survey with well-sampled optical light curves and accurate pulsation periods from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) IV survey and the Gaia mission. We used the best-quality NIR light curves to generate custom templates for modelling sparsely sampled light curves in YJKs bands.

Results. The best-fitting YJKs template light curves were used to derive accurate and precise intensity-averaged mean magnitudes and pulsation amplitudes of 277 and 62 T2Cs in the LMC and SMC, respectively. We used optical and NIR mean magnitudes for different T2C subclasses (BLHer, WVir, and RVTau) to derive PL/PLC/PW relations in multiple bands, which were calibrated with the geometric distance to the LMC as derived from eclipsing binaries and with the Gaia parallaxes. We used our new empirical calibrations of PL and PW relations to obtain distances to 22 T2C-host Galactic globular clusters, which were found to be systematically smaller by ∼0.1 mag and 0.03−0.06 mag than in the literature when the zero points are calibrated with the distance of the LMC or Gaia parallaxes, respectively. Better agreement is found between our distances and those based on RR Lyrae stars in globular clusters, providing strong support for using these population II stars together with the TRGB for future distance scale studies.
Stellar Population Astrophysics (SPA) with TNG
Authors: Seshashayana S. Bijavara , Jönsson H. , D’Orazi V. , Nandakumar G. , Oliva E. , Bragaglia A. , Sanna N. , Romano D. , Spitoni E. , Karakas A. , Lugaro M. , Origlia L.
Published: February 2024

Context. The age, evolution, and chemical properties of the Galactic disk can be effectively ascertained using open clusters. Within the large program Stellar Populations Astrophysics at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, we specifically focused on stars in open clusters, to investigate various astrophysical topics, from the chemical content of very young systems to the abundance patterns of lesser studied intermediate-age and old open clusters.

Aims. We investigate the astrophysically interesting element fluorine (F), which has an uncertain and intriguing cosmic origin. We also determine the abundance of cerium (Ce), as F abundance is expected to correlate with the s-process elements. We intend to determine the trend of F abundance across the Galactic disk as a function of metallicity and age. This will offer insights into Galactic chemical evolution models, potentially enhancing our comprehension of this element’s cosmic origin.

Methods. High-resolution near-infrared spectra were obtained using the GIANO-B spectrograph. The Python version of Spectroscopy Made Easy (PySME), was used to derive atmospheric parameters and abundances. The stellar parameters were determined using OH, CN, and CO molecular lines along with Fe I lines. The F and Ce abundances were inferred using two K-band HF lines (λλ 2.28, 2.33 µm) and two atomic H-band lines (λλ 1.66, and 1.71 µm), respectively.

Results. Of all the clusters in our sample, only King 11 had not been previously studied through medium- to high-resolution spectroscopy, and our stellar parameter and metallicity findings align well with those documented in the literature. We have successfully inferred F and Ce abundances in all seven open clusters and probed the radial and age distributions of abundance ratios. This paper presents the first F Galactic radial abundance gradient. Our results are also compared with literature estimates and with Galactic chemical evolution models that have been generated using different F production channels.

Conclusions. Our results indicate a constant, solar pattern in the [F/Fe] ratios across clusters of different ages, supporting the latest findings that fluorine levels do not exhibit any secondary behavior for stars with solar or above-solar metallicity. However, an exception to this trend is seen in NGC 6791, a metal-rich, ancient cluster whose chemical composition is distinct due to its enhanced fluorine abundance. This anomaly strengthens the hypothesis that NGC 6791 originated in the inner regions of the Galaxy before migrating to its present position. By comparing our sample stars with the predictions of Galactic chemical evolution models, we came to the conclusion that both asymptotic giant branch stars and massive stars, including a fraction of fast rotators that increase with decreasing metallicity, are needed to explain the cosmic origin of F.
Age uncertainties of red giants due to cumulative rotational mixing of progenitors calibrated by asteroseismology
Authors: Fritzewski D. J. , Aerts C. , Mombarg J. S. G. , Gossage S. , Van Reeth T.
Published: February 2024

Context. Galactic archaeology largely relies on precise ages of distant evolved stars in the Milky Way. Nowadays, asteroseismology can deliver ages for many red giants observed with high-cadence, high-precision photometric space missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, K2, TESS, and soon PLATO.

Aims. Our aim is to quantify the age uncertainties of currently slowly rotating red giants due to the cumulative effect of their fast rotation during core-hydrogen burning: their rotation in earlier evolutionary phases caused mixing of elements, resulting in heavier helium cores and the prolongation of their main-sequence lifetime. These rotational effects are usually ignored when age-dating red giants, despite our knowledge of fast rotation for stars with M ≥ 1.3 M⊙.

Methods. We used a sample of 490 F-type gravito-inertial pulsators (γ Doradus stars) with precise asteroseismic estimates of their internal rotation rate from Kepler asteroseismology and with luminosity estimates from Gaia. For this sample, which includes stars rotating from nearly zero to about 60% of the critical rate, we computed the cumulative effect on the age in their post-main-sequence evolution caused by rotational mixing on the main sequence. We used stellar model grids with different physical prescriptions that mimic rotational mixing to assess systematic uncertainties on the age.

Results. With respect to non-rotating models, the sample of 490 γ Doradus stars, as red giant progenitors, reveals age differences up to 5% by the time they start hydrogen-shell burning when relying on the theory of rotationally induced diffusive mixing as included in the MIST isochrones. Using rotational mixing based on an advective-diffusive approach that includes meridional circulation leads to an age shift of 20% by the time of the tip of the red giant branch.

Conclusions. The age-dating of red giants is affected by the cumulative effect of rotational mixing during the main sequence. Such rotationally induced age shifts should be taken into account in addition to other effects if the aim is to perform Galactic archaeological studies at the highest precision.
Tumor mineralization-based cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Hu Zhenyu , Han Jiahang , Li Muzhi , Wang Haoyu , Shou Hao , Wu Jicheng , Tang Ning , Zhang Qingyan , Wang Ben
Published: February 2024

Biomineralization is a phenomenon that involves the deposition of inorganic ions onto organic substrates, resulting in the formation of hard tissue materials. Tumor mineralization, on the other hand, encompasses two key aspects: tumor calcification and tumor iron mineralization. The occurrence of spontaneous tumor calcification and regional lymph node calcification in colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and glioblastoma has been established as a favorable prognostic factor in clinical settings. Building upon this understanding, we propose the concept and advance the development of a compound that artificially induces bionic mineralization around the surface of cancer cells. This process has demonstrated exceptional efficacy in inhibiting the growth and metastasis of cervical, breast, and lung tumors. Moreover, it has exhibited outstanding performance in the early-stage diagnosis of cancer. Consequently, we anticipate that this concept holds significant potential for cancer-targeted mineralization therapy and diagnosis, offering a novel avenue for the development of anticancer drugs.
President’s constitutional powers and public activism: a focused analysis of presidential speeches under Finland’s two presidencies
Authors: Kujanen Maarika , Koskimaa Vesa , Raunio Tapio
Published: February 2024

Changes in formal powers of political actors like presidents are expected to impact their behavior. This study examines speeches that presidents can utilize for a variety of purposes ranging from topical reflections to new political initiatives and criticism of the government and political parties. In semi-presidential regimes, presidents are often constitutionally weaker than governments, but their popularity opens the possibility of using the public platform for swaying the minds of citizens or politicians. We analyze the tone and content of Finnish presidents’ New Year’s messages and parliamentary speeches from 1932 to 2023. To contribute to the long-standing literature on regime effects, we gauge the impact of Finland’s comprehensive constitutional reform that stripped off most powers of the presidency that was formerly considered among the strongest in Europe. The results show that presidential activity changed already in the mid-1990s when the reform was still underway, and presidents appointed since then speak systematically less about domestic policy and emphasize national unity and citizens, indicating that constitutionally weaker presidents recognize their jurisdictional limits and lean more on their role as directly elected heads of state operating above political parties.
Education reform and change driven by digital technology: a bibliometric study from a global perspective
Authors: Wang Chengliang , Chen Xiaojiao , Yu Teng , Liu Yidan , Jing Yuhui
Published: February 2024

Amidst the global digital transformation of educational institutions, digital technology has emerged as a significant area of interest among scholars. Such technologies have played an instrumental role in enhancing learner performance and improving the effectiveness of teaching and learning. These digital technologies also ensure the sustainability and stability of education during the epidemic. Despite this, a dearth of systematic reviews exists regarding the current state of digital technology application in education. To address this gap, this study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection as a data source (specifically selecting the high-quality SSCI and SCIE) and implemented a topic search by setting keywords, yielding 1849 initial publications. Furthermore, following the PRISMA guidelines, we refined the selection to 588 high-quality articles. Using software tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Charticulator, we reviewed these 588 publications to identify core authors (such as Selwyn, Henderson, Edwards), highly productive countries/regions (England, Australia, USA), key institutions (Monash University, Australian Catholic University), and crucial journals in the field (Education and Information Technologies, Computers & Education, British Journal of Educational Technology). Evolutionary analysis reveals four developmental periods in the research field of digital technology education application: the embryonic period, the preliminary development period, the key exploration, and the acceleration period of change. The study highlights the dual influence of technological factors and historical context on the research topic. Technology is a key factor in enabling education to transform and upgrade, and the context of the times is an important driving force in promoting the adoption of new technologies in the education system and the transformation and upgrading of education. Additionally, the study identifies three frontier hotspots in the field: physical education, digital transformation, and professional development under the promotion of digital technology. This study presents a clear framework for digital technology application in education, which can serve as a valuable reference for researchers and educational practitioners concerned with digital technology education application in theory and practice.
Kashmiri women in conflict: a feminist perspective
Authors: Zeeshan Sonia , Aliefendioğlu Hanife
Published: February 2024

Kashmiri women are diverse individuals with a wide range of origins, histories, experiences, and aspirations. Women in Kashmir are deeply entwined with the region’s complicated socio-political landscape, especially in terms of the protracted conflict in Kashmir. The living patterns of women in Kashmir are severely influenced by insurgency, militancy, and the consequent militarization of the region, as well as a wide range of socio-economic, historical, religious, and geopolitical circumstances. Kashmiri women’s day-to-day existence, safety, security, and mobility are strongly impacted by enhanced security protocols and the existence of armed personnel and militants in the region. Even though a great number of research works have been performed on Kashmir’s politics, history, philosophy, and religion, the struggles and challenges faced by women amid the conflict need to be further explored. This research aimed to comprehend and unveil the situation of Kashmiri women in the conflict zone through a comprehensive review of the existing literature on gendered violations in Kashmir, thereby emphasizing the need for the recognition of the suffering of Kashmiri women from a feminist perspective. Furthermore, the contributions of Kashmiri women activists, politicians, and feminists were highlighted, thus accentuating their role towards gender equality and sustainable peace in the region.
Modelling the factors that affect medical students’ occupational identity in long COVID: an integrated perspective of motivation, opportunity and ability
Authors: Yan Jun , Wu Manli , Liao Yuhan , Huang Yaxin
Published: February 2024

The medical workforce plays a critical role in building resilience in the medical system and society to respond to long COVID. The threat of career pressure and the proliferation of social media disinformation have combined to reduce medical workers’ occupational identity, triggering a wave of medical staff resignations all over the world. There is an urgent need to investigate the development of medical students’ occupational identity. Based on characteristics of medical students, this study builds on the Motivation-Opportunity-Ability (MOA) framework and develops a comprehensive theoretical model to illustrate the predictors of medical students’ occupational identity to find ways to stabilize the subsequent medical workforce pool. The results show that medical students’ occupational identity is affected by motivation, opportunity and ability factors. The results call for improving motivation cultivation and practice environment. The newly discovered role of media exposure not only provides a new way to enhance occupational identity, but also contributes to the follow-up exploration of the relationship between media environment and occupational identity.
Radiochemical diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Despotopulos John D. , Shaughnessy Dawn A.
Published: February 2024

Since the National Ignition Facility (NIF) was commissioned in 2009, radiochemical techniques have been viewed as a potential method for diagnosing the performance of an NIF fusion shot. Radiochemical methods can also be used in conjunction with NIF shots to measure nuclear reaction cross sections in regimes that are inaccessible at accelerator facilities and can provide a route to produce radioactive tracer materials that can be used for other applications. This review presents the current status of radiochemical diagnostics at the NIF. Experimental results and the status of both solid and gaseous debris collection radiochemistry are presented.
Modulation of thermoelectric properties of PbTe by hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress
Authors: Xiang Yang , Sun Yi , Hu Jianbo
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates a systematic theoretical study of the lattice dynamical, electronic, and thermoelectric transport properties of PbTe, which is subjected to hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress along the [100], [110], and [111] directions, by using first-principles calculations. Our study demonstrates that stress is an effective tool for regulating thermoelectric properties in materials, and different types of stress affect these properties through distinct mechanisms. Specifically, under hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress along the [100] direction, PbTe exhibits similar electronic behavior but different lattice dynamical properties. Bandgap closure and reopening are observed under hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress along the [100] direction, whereas only the gap opposite trends are seen for uniaxial stress along the [110] and [111] directions. Under uniaxial stress along the [100] direction, phonon lifetimes decrease, leading to low thermal conductivity. In contrast, under hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress in the [110] and [111] directions, phonon lifetimes are enhanced due to a weakening of the anharmonic effect. Our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the implication of different stress types on the thermoelectric properties of PbTe.
A high resolution and wide range valve for micronewton cold gas thrusters
Authors: Zhang Hao-Yuan , Liu Jian-Ping , Hu Shao-Gang , Yin Jin-Huan , Zhong Yuan , Li Zhu , Yang Shan-Qing
Published: February 2024

Numerous scientific satellites require micronewton thrusters for compensating environmental disturbances. The mass flow control proportional valve plays a crucial role in precisely regulating the thrust. To meet the high resolution and wide range requirements of the thrusters, this paper introduces a novel proportional valve with two sets of independently controllable piezoelectric stack. One set of the piezo-stack is used to compensate the stroke loss of the valve core, mainly caused by the deformation of the valve seat. The valve sealing mechanism is carefully analyzed to reduce the stroke loss. Another set of the stack works as the primary actuator, enabling the high mass flow control resolution. Two sets of independently controlled piezoelectric stacks not only expand the range and improve the range ratio but also provide redundancy and enhance reliability. This means that the actuator can still operate at lower ranges even if one piezo-stack is damaged. The piezo-actuators are assembled using U-shaped connectors, creating a compact and space-efficient overall design. Experimental tests have been conducted to verify the performance of the valve, which demonstrated a mass flow range of 0–675 μg/s with a resolution better than 0.1 μg/s and a flow noise below 0.1 μg/s/Hz1/2 at 0.1 mHz–1 Hz.