bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gender in Suicidal Ideation among Long-term Opioid Users
Authors: Marchand Kirsten , Palis Heather , Fikowski Jill , Harrison Scott , Spittal Patricia , Schechter Martin T. , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia
Published: May 2017

Objective:

This study aims to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation among people with opioid dependence and to explore whether these factors are gender-specific.

Methods:

Cross-sectional data were collected among long-term opioid-dependent individuals ( n = 176; 46.0% women). Lifetime histories of suicidal ideation were measured using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, and additional data were collected regarding sociodemographic characteristics, drug use, health, and adverse life events. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between these variables and suicidal ideation for the full study sample and separately for women and men to explore the potential role of gender.

Results:

A total of 43.8% ( n = 77) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation. Among those with suicidal ideation, 49.3% were women and the overall average age of first ideation was 19.82 years (SD, 11.66 years). Results from multivariable analyses showed that a history of depression, anxiety, and childhood emotional neglect and the number of lifetime traumatic events were significantly associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation. The gender-based analysis suggested that histories of depression and anxiety remained independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation among women, whereas for men, childhood emotional neglect and the number of lifetime potentially traumatic events were independently associated with lifetime suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

This study offers a critical first step to understanding factors associated with suicidal ideation among long-term opioid-dependent men and women and the potential importance of gender-sensitive approaches for suicidal behavior interventions. These data inform further research and clinical opportunities aiming to better respond to the psychological health needs of this population.
Digital Guidance for Susceptible Readers: Effects on Fifth Graders’ Reading Motivation and Incidental Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Nielen Thijs M. J. , Smith Glenn G. , Sikkema-de Jong Maria T. , Drobisz Jack , van Horne Bill , Bus Adriana G.
Published: May 2017

In this digital era, a fundamental challenge is to design digital reading materials in such a way that they improve children’s reading skills. Since reading books is challenging for many fifth graders—particularly for those genetically susceptible to attention problems—the researchers hypothesized that guidance from a digital Pedagogical Agent (PA) could improve students’ reading motivation and incidental vocabulary learning. Using a sample of 147 fifth-grade students, the researchers carried out a randomized control trial with three groups of students reading: (a) hardcopy (print) books, (b) digital books, and (c) digital books with a PA. For students with a genetic predisposition to attention problems, carriers of the DRD4 seven-repeat allele, the PA supported their incidental vocabulary learning. For noncarriers, there were no effects of the digital reading materials or the PA.
Enforcement of sexual violence law in post-civil conflict societies
Authors: Haglund Jillienne , Richards David L
Published: May 2017

The climate of impunity in many post-civil conflict societies results in unprecedented levels of violence against women, making legal implementation and law enforcement particularly difficult. We argue that the presence of strong legal provisions mediates the negative influence of the post-civil conflict environment on violence against women. Specifically, we examine the role of strong legal protections on the enforcement of sexual violence legislation in post-civil conflict countries. To examine our hypothesis, we utilize an original dataset measuring the strength and enforcement of domestic legal statutes addressing violence against women for the years 2007–2010 in post-civil conflict countries. We find elements of civil conflict as well as domestic and international legal regimes to be reliably associated with the enforcement of violence against women laws and rape prevalence in post-civil conflict states.
Processing and characterization of thermoplastic nanocomposite fibers of hot melt copolyamide and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Latko-Durałek Paulina , Dydek Kamil , Sobczakand Michał , Boczkowska Anna
Published: May 2017

In this study, thermoplastic nanocomposite fibers based on hot melt copolyamide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCTs) were fabricated with a two-step approach. In the first step, a masterbatch containing 20 wt% MWCTs was diluted by pure hot melts to produce nanocomposite pellets with 2, 4, and 6 wt% MWCTs. In the second step, nanocomposite fibers were extruded and drawn from the fabricated pellets. The selected processing conditions resulted in fibers with an average diameter of 80 μm. Rheological behavior of hot melt copolyamide changes dramatically after the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Crystallinity content expressed by enthalpy of melting is higher in the fibers than in the pellets. Microscopic examination shows that MWCTs are randomly oriented in the direction of the extrusion. The mechanical performance of the fibers shows decreased elongation at break for fibers with MWCTs and an increase in Young’s modulus. A strong influence of fiber surface quality on mechanical properties was also indicated. Thermoplastic nanocomposites fibers with MWCTs, based on hot melt copolyamide, are a new group of materials that can be applied as multifunctional composites for aviation, automotive, military, medical and electronic industries due to their adhesive properties, low melting range as well as electrical properties.
Prestimulus Inhibition of Saccades in Adults With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as an Index of Temporal Expectations
Authors: Dankner Yarden , Shalev Lilach , Carrasco Marisa , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit
Published: May 2017

Knowing when to expect important events to occur is critical for preparing context-appropriate behavior. However, anticipation is inherently complicated to assess because conventional measurements of behavior, such as accuracy and reaction time, are available only after the predicted event has occurred. Anticipatory processes, which occur prior to target onset, are typically measured only retrospectively by these methods. In this study, we utilized a novel approach for assessing temporal expectations through the dynamics of prestimulus saccades. Results showed that saccades of neurotypical participants were inhibited prior to the onset of stimuli that appeared at predictable compared with less predictable times. No such inhibition was found in most participants with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and particularly not in those who experienced difficulties in sustaining attention over time. These findings suggest that individuals with ADHD, especially those with sustained-attention deficits, have diminished ability to benefit from temporal predictability, and this could account for some of their context-inappropriate behaviors.
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a patient with previous diagnosis of severe congenital lupus
Authors: Rotstein Grein I H , Armbrust W , van der Molen A M , van Royen-Kerkhof A
Published: May 2017

Neonatal lupus (NL) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the newborn, caused by transplacental passage of the maternal autoantibodies anti SS-A/Ro and anti SS-B/La. When the clinical picture starts directly at birth, it is known as congenital lupus (CL). The clinical manifestations are variable. Except for cardiac involvement, the other manifestations tend to be benign, and resolve with the child’s clearance of maternal antibodies. We report a patient who presented at birth with very severe involvement of the skin, and subsequent contractures of hands and feet, leading to functional impairment. The patient underwent surgical procedures with excellent result. At the age of 18 months, the patient was diagnosed with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and bilateral uveitis at the age of 3 years and a half. Our aim is to alert health professionals about the possibility of a severe course of cutaneous manifestations in CL, as well as the role of CL and NL regarding development of other autoimmune diseases.
Surface wave propagation in functionally graded piezoelectric material: An analytical solution
Authors: Sahu Sanjeev A , Singhal Abhinav , Chaudhary Soniya
Published: May 2017

Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation technique serves as a powerful tool to find the particle displacements due to surface wave propagation in bedded structure with distinct material properties. This study is carried out to investigate the transference of Love-type waves in functionally graded piezoelectric material layer bonded between viscous liquid and pre-stressed piezoelectric half-space. Following the elastic wave theory, the mathematical model is established. Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is applied to obtain the theoretical derivations in functionally graded piezoelectric material stratum where variation in material gradients is taken exponentially. Separation of variables method is employed to obtain the displacement components in viscous liquid and piezoelectric medium. Dispersion equations for considered surface wave are obtained in both electrically open and short cases. Profound effect of material gradient coefficient on phase velocity has been remarkably established. Some numerical examples are carried out and represented through graphs. The considered model facilitates a theoretical foundation and practical application for the development of surface acoustic wave devices.
Self-Monitoring Interventions for Students With EBD: Applying UDL to a Research-Based Practice
Authors: Cook Sara Cothren , Rao Kavita , Collins Lauren
Published: May 2017

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) have unique academic and behavioral needs that require the use of evidence-based practices. One way that teachers can support students with EBD is by individualizing interventions, such as self-monitoring, while maintaining a high level of fidelity. In this article, the authors describe how the Universal Design for Learning framework can be used to design individualized self-monitoring interventions for students with EBD while still maintaining core components of the intervention.
Dynamic characterizations of underwater structures using noncontact vibration tests based on nanosecond laser ablation in water: evaluation of passive vibration suppression with damping materials
Authors: Hosoya Naoki , Kajiwara Itsuro , Umenai Koh , Maeda Shingo
Published: May 2017

Recently, the demand for higher performing underwater structures under diverse conditions has increased. Examples include improved precision and speed of the position control of robot manipulators. To prevent the control spillover problems when active controls are used, a control system is typically constituted with a low-pass filter to eliminate all modes except for the target modes. However, experimentally measuring the dynamic properties of an underwater structure in an environment where the structure and a fluid continuously influence each other is difficult. We have recently proposed a noncontact vibration testing method for dynamic characterizations of underwater structures in which the response to a laser ablation excitation force is measured by laser Doppler vibrometer. Integrating passive control using a vibration-damping material affixed onto the underwater structure and active control constituted with the low-pass filter may realize a more cost-effective system. To develop this combined control into a practical method, the reliability of the measured frequency response function must be validated. Additionally, the applicable frequency range must be expanded to encompass the high-frequency region (several tens of kHz) so that the vibration suppression quality of underwater structures can be evaluated. Herein we quantify the effect of random measurement errors on the measured frequency response function with a reliability factor based on the concept of coherence functions. Using the measured frequency response function with a reliability factor, we demonstrated that our method can evaluate passive vibration suppression effect of an underwater structure with a damping material in high-frequency ranges up to 20 kHz.
Acute, Temporary, Unilateral Facial Nerve Palsy After Dermatologic Surgery: A Report of 3 Cases
Authors: Majerowski Jacquelyn , Xu Yaohui G.
Published: May 2017

Facial nerve dysfunction can be functionally and cosmetically debilitating and is commonly associated with high anxiety for patients. We report 3 cases of temporary, unilateral facial nerve palsy following dermatologic surgery under local anaesthesia over the preauricular cheek and mandibular angle, which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. Given its frightening presentation mimicking a stroke, it is essential for dermatologists to become aware of this complication to inform their patients more thoroughly. Thus, when performing facial surgery over these regions, we recommend that dermatologists include this rare complication and its good prognosis in the consenting process to minimise anxiety for those who experience it intra- or postoperatively.
Spinal cord atrophy as a primary outcome measure in phase II trials of progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Cawley Niamh , Tur Carmen , Prados Ferran , Plantone Domenico , Kearney Hugh , Abdel-Aziz Khaled , Ourselin Sebastian , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM Gandini , Miller David H , Thompson Alan J , Ciccarelli Olga
Published: May 2017

Objectives:

To measure the development of spinal cord (SC) atrophy over 1 year in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and determine the sample sizes required to demonstrate a reduction in spinal cord cross-sectional area (SC-CSA) as an outcome measure in clinical trials.

Methods:

In total, 44 PMS patients (26 primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), 18 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)) and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were studied at baseline and 12 months. SC-CSA was measured using the three-dimensional (3D) fast field echo sequences acquired at 3T and the active surface model. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate changes in imaging measurements.

Results:

PPMS patients had shorter disease duration, lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and larger SC-CSA than SPMS patients. All patients together showed a significantly greater decrease in percentage SC-CSA change than HCs, which was driven by the PPMS. All patients deteriorated over 1 year, but no association was found between percentage SC-CSA change and clinical changes. The sample size per arm required to detect a 50% treatment effect over 1 year, at 80% power, was 57 for PPMS and 546 for SPMS.

Conclusion:

SC-CSA may become an outcome measure in trials of PPMS patients, when they are at an early stage of the disease, have moderate disability and modest SC atrophy.
Documenting a contested memory: Symbols in the changing city space of Cairo
Authors: Awad Sarah H
Published: May 2017

This article looks at how symbols in the urban environment are intentionally produced and modified to regulate a community’s collective memory. Our urban environment is filled with symbols in the form of images, text, and structures that embody certain narratives about the past. Once those symbols are introduced into the city space they take a life span of their own in a continuous process of reproduction and reconstruction by different social actors. In the context of the city space of Cairo in the five years following the 2011 Egyptian revolution, I will look on the one side at efforts of activists to preserve the memory of the revolution through graffiti murals and the utilization of public space, and from the other, the authority’s efforts to replace those initiatives with its own official narrative. Building on the concept of collective memory, as well as Bartlett’s studies of serial reproductions and theorization of reconstructive remembering, I will follow the reproduction of different symbols in the city and how they were perceived and remembered by pedestrians.
Dynamic memories of the collective past
Authors: Zittoun Tania
Published: May 2017

In this paper, I first retrace some aspects of a dynamic theory of humans in society, and then highlight what appear to me as major contributions of two papers of this special issue. This leads me to highlight a series of questions, which I address through two other consonant studies on remembering, the work of Harald Welzer and his team on the memory of WWII in three generations in German families, and the study by Steve Brown and Paula Reavey on people’s remembering of the London bombings.
Utilising social network research in the qualitative exploration of gamblers’ social relationships
Authors: Dobbie Fiona , Reith Gerda , McConville Susan
Published: May 2017

Social Network Analysis (SNA) is often criticised for being too quantitative in focus and network scientists have commented on a lack of engagement from qualitative researchers. This article will contribute to these debates by critically reflecting on a qualitative study of gambling where social network research methods were adapted and applied to narrative interviews. Egocentric sociograms (maps of participant social networks, using a name generation question and concentric circles) were created for 23 participants. These sociograms were used as an interactive tool, with the addition of coloured dots, to stimulate discussion and so generate rich narrative and visual data on the impacts of gambling behaviour on participants’ wider social networks. This approach represents an extension to existing SNA methods that has not previously been utilised.
Response to: From ‘having the will’ to ‘knowing the way’
Authors: Bivens Felix
Published: May 2017

Drawing on his experience as an action research practitioner, the author reflects on the accomplishments, challenges and tensions which are embedded in the Bangladesh case study “From ‘having the will’ to ‘knowing the way’”. In particular, this piece applauds the case study authors for demonstrating how to create clear linkages between evaluation, learning and iterative program design. This piece also explores the different ways the authors respond to unexpected outcomes of the project, specifically increases in social capital for participants and changes in gender dynamics in a small rural community.
Did the Tea Party Movement Fuel the Trump-Train? The Role of Social Media in Activist Persistence and Political Change in the 21st Century
Authors: Rohlinger Deana A. , Bunnage Leslie
Published: May 2017

Arguably, the Tea Party movement played a role in Trump’s rise to power. Indeed, it is difficult to ignore the similarities in the populist claims made by Tea Partiers and those made by Trump throughout his campaign. Yet, we know very little about the potential connections between the Tea Party Movement and the “Trump-train” that crashed through the White House doors in 2017. We take a first step at tracing the connection between the two by examining who stayed involved in the Tea Party Movement at the local level and why. Drawing on interview and participant observation data with supporters of the Florida Tea Party Movement (FTPM) over a 2-year time period, we use qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to assess the factors that determine whether individuals stay with or leave the movement and how the structure of the movement, which relied heavily on social media, contributed to this decision. We find that individuals who identified as libertarian left the FTPM, while those who identified as “fiscal conservatives” stayed. The FTPM’s reliance on social media further explains these results. Individuals who left the movement blamed the “openness” of social media, which, in their view, enabled the Republican Party to “hijack” the FTPM for its own purposes. Individuals who stayed in the movement attributed social media’s “openness” with the movement’s successes. We find that social media helped politically like-minded people locate one another and cultivate political communities that likely sustained activist commitment to changing the Republican Party over time.
Mummy Blogs and Representations of Motherhood: “Bad Mummies” and Their Readers
Authors: Orton-Johnson Kate
Published: May 2017

Digital technologies have opened up new environments in which the experiences of motherhood and mothering are narrated and negotiated. Studies of “mummy blogs” have explored the ways in which blogs, as social media networks, can provide solace, support, and social capital for mothers. However, research has not addressed how mothers, as readers of blogs, use the mamasphere as a cultural site through which the identities and role of motherhood, and the mother–child relationship, are socially and digitally (re)constructed. This article focuses on confessional blogging of the “bad” or “slummy” mummy: blogs that share stories of boredom, frustration, and maternal deficiency while relishing the subversive status of the “bad” mummy. Drawing on understandings of social media as a space of social surveillance and networked publics, the article argues that in framing narratives of motherhood in terms of parental failure and a desperation for gin, “bad mummy” blogs collapse social contexts in important and interesting ways. Using an example of a conflict between two mummy bloggers, the article will reflect on the ways in which the digital terrain of motherhood can both liberate and constrain: a space for mothers to express and share frustrations and seek solidarity, a space of public condemnation and judgment, and a space that poses ethical issues in the digital curation of family life.
Patients’ experiences before starting anti-VEGF treatment for sight-threatening diabetic macular oedema: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Granström Therese , Forsman Henrietta , Brorsson Anna-Lena , Granstam Elisabet , Leksell Janeth
Published: May 2017

The diabetic complication macular oedema (DME) is a growing problem worldwide because of the increasing number of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM). DME is treated with injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in the eye. This real-world study aimed to describe patients’ experiences before they received their first injection in the eye. Twenty-one men and women aged 49 to 86 years were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Two categories and an overall theme ‘to be at a crossroads and a crucial phase in life with an uncertain outcome’ were found. The participants expressed thoughts and concerns at different levels, practical concerns about the treatment procedure, and other existential thoughts regarding hope for improved visual acuity or fear of deterioration. Cooperation between eye clinics and diabetes clinics should be strengthened to clarify who is responsible for providing the information and support required by patients.
Treatment Strategies for Paradoxical Hypertension Following Surgical Correction of Coarctation of the Aorta in Children
Authors: Roeleveld Peter P. , Zwijsen Eline G.
Published: May 2017

Background:

Paradoxical hypertension after repair of coarctation of the aorta is a well-known phenomenon. The pathogenesis involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (first phase) and renin–angiotensin system (second phase). Only a limited number of different treatment strategies have been published in the literature, without any comparative studies.

Methods:

Our aim was to describe the current international practice variation surrounding pharmacological treatment currently being employed to treat paradoxical hypertension following the repair of coarctation of the aorta in children. We performed an online survey among 197 members of the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding the treatment of paradoxical hypertension.

Results:

Eighty-eight people (45%), from 62 different centers, responded and answered the questions regarding blood pressure control. Nitroprusside is the first drug of choice for initial blood pressure control in 66% of respondents, esmolol in 11%, labetalol in 11%, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are used by 3% of respondents. For oral blood pressure control after discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit, 75% of respondents use ACEIs, 18% use labetalol, and 12% use other beta-blockers (propranolol, carvedilol, atenolol, metoprolol). The systematic review identified 14 articles reporting pharmacological treatment of direct postoperative hypertension following coarctation repair.

Conclusion:

There is wide practice variability, due to the lack of sufficient compelling evidence. The majority (66%) of caregivers use nitroprusside to control blood pressure in the acute postoperative phase. The ACEIs are the drug of choice for chronic blood pressure control.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors for Adult Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Primary or Reoperative Systemic Atrioventricular Valve Surgery
Authors: Stephens Elizabeth H. , Han Jiho , Ginns Jonathan , Rosenbaum Marlon , Chai Paul , Bacha Emile , Kalfa David
Published: May 2017

Background:

Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) undergoing systemic atrioventricular valve (SAVV) surgery are a complex, understudied population. We assessed midterm outcomes and prognostic factors in ACHD undergoing SAVV surgery.

Methods:

We performed retrospective evaluation of ACHD undergoing SAVV surgery from January 2005 to February 2016: 14 (33%) patients with congenital mitral valve stenosis/regurgitation, 15 (35%) with atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and 14 (33%) with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) with systemic tricuspid valve regurgitation. Adverse events were defined as mortality, reoperation on SAVV, and late more-than-moderate (> moderate) SAVV regurgitation. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and one-way analysis of variance as well as univariate and multivariate risk factor analysis.

Results:

Fifteen (35%) patients had preoperative systemic ventricular dysfunction, including 13 patients with ccTGA (93%, P < .001). Twenty-three (54%) patients underwent valve repair, 20 (47%) patients underwent replacement, and 20 (47%) patients underwent an associated procedure. Replacement was higher in patients with ccTGA (86%) than the other groups ( P < 0.01). Thirty-seven patients (91% of survivors) were free of significant SAVV regurgitation at last follow-up, with patients with AVSD having greater regurgitation grades compared to the other groups ( P < 0.01). In-hospital mortality, late mortality, late > moderate SAVV regurgitation, and SAVV reoperation rates were 5% (n = 2), 2% (n = 1), 9% (n = 3), and 7% (n = 3), respectively. On multivariate analysis, predischarge SAVV regurgitation grade was the only significant predictor of adverse events (odds ratio = 8.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.1-63.8, P = .045).

Conclusion:

Overall outcomes in this challenging population are good. The single factor associated with adverse events was predischarge SAVV regurgitation grade.
An interpersonal sketch of the biblical Hebrew clause
Authors: Racher Eric T.
Published: May 2017

The aim of the present paper is to describe the Biblical Hebrew clause as a locus of interpersonal meanings from a systemic functional perspective. Although systemic functional linguistics has been applied to the description of an increasing number of languages in recent years, systemic functional accounts of Semitic languages remain limited in number. This paper brings together work on the English MOOD system and systemic functional typological literature, applying them to the development of a partial description of one aspect of the lexicogrammar of Biblical Hebrew. In this paper the realization of interpersonal meanings is explored through analysis of dialogic interaction in the Biblical text, showing how the MOOD system realizes speech functions and outlining a preliminary system network for Biblical Hebrew MOOD, with particular emphasis on the systemic potential of MOOD TYPE. The mood structure is also analyzed from below, and the elements salient to the negotiation of meanings in interaction are presented individually and their relevance to the realization of interpersonal meanings is explored.
Can common finishing treatments used in chef jacket fabrics improve protection against scald injury?
Authors: Devarajan Sushmitha , McQueen Rachel H. , Wen ShuQin
Published: May 2017

Chefs and other food preparation workers are at a high risk of scald injuries from hot liquids. Chefs’ clothing has the potential to act as a protective barrier between the skin and the thermal hazard. Although, impermeable barriers coupled with an insulating layer of fabric tend to offer the greatest protection against hot liquid penetration, the potential for heat strain and discomfort to workers may make them impractical in the kitchen environment. This study examined the effects of common finishing treatments used in chef jacket fabrics and the impact of layers on the protection offered against hot water burn injuries. The Teflon®treated fabrics offering combined stain and water repellency, provided the greatest protection with the lowest absorbed energy and longest times to second degree burn injury compared with the other finishes (i.e., regular, water repellent and soil release). Findings also showed that in most cases, increasing the number of layers improved protection provided by the fabric systems, with the Teflon®finished fabrics providing the highest protection against scald injuries as fabric layers increased.
Organic Futures
Authors: Fitzmaurice Connor J , Gareau Brian J.
Published: May 2017

Walking through nearly any grocery store, contemporary American consumers are bound to encounter organic food. At any of the myriad of farmers’ markets that have sprung up in cities and small communities across the United States, shoppers can expect to see claims about the provenance and farming practices employed to grow everything from prized heirloom tomatoes to seemingly mundane heads of garlic. But behind the scenes, critical scholarship has shown that organic farming increasingly resembles the industrial food system organic pioneers set out to challenge. Faced with the pressures of the modern agricultural economy many farmers have conventionalized, intensifying how they farm in the face of tremendous competition and cost. Beyond the organic labels, emblazoned on products at the supermarket and the glistening bushel baskets arrayed in market stalls, are farmers, many of whom are trying to do their best to achieve sustainability in today’s food system. This book offers a glimpse into this world, through an ethnography of a small New England farm and the people who work in its fields. It sheds light on how small-scale farmers navigate the difficult terrain between ideals of sustainability and the economic realities of contemporary farming. Using new theories of economic sociology, this book moves beyond the current debates about the conventionalization of organic agriculture. Instead, it takes a relational approach to organic practices—investigating the complex ways market pressures, moral and emotional attachments, privilege, and personal relationships intersect to shape the everyday experiences of agriculture for today’s organic farmers and their consumers.
The Battle for Syria
Authors: Phillips Christopher
Published: May 2017

This book provides an analysis of the crucial but underexplored roles the United States and other nations have played in shaping Syria's ongoing civil war. Most accounts of Syria's brutal, long-lasting civil war focus on a domestic contest that began in 2011 and only later drew foreign nations into the escalating violence. The book argues instead that the international dimension was never secondary but that Syria's war was, from the very start, profoundly influenced by regional factors, particularly the vacuum created by a perceived decline of U.S. power in the Middle East. This precipitated a new regional order in which six external protagonists — the United States, Russia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Qatar — have violently competed for influence, with Syria a key battleground. Drawing on a plethora of original interviews, the book constructs a new narrative of Syria's war. Without absolving the brutal Bashar al-Assad regime, the book untangles the key external factors which explain the acceleration and endurance of the conflict, including the West's strategy against ISIS. It concludes with some insights on Syria and the region's future.
Detection of Chromosomal Translocation in Hematologic Malignancies by a Novel DNA-Based Looped Ligation Assay (LOLA)
Authors: Harada Shuko , Sizzle Emily , Lin Ming-Tseh , Gocke Christopher D
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND

Disease-defining chromosomal translocations are seen in various neoplasms, especially in lymphomas and leukemias. Translocation detection at the DNA level is often complicated by chromosomal breakpoints that are distributed over very large regions. We have developed a ligation-based assay [the looped ligation assay (LOLA)] to detect translocations from diseases with multiple widely spaced breakpoint hot spots.

METHODS

Oligonucleotide sets that probe breakpoints of IGH-BCL2 (immunoglobulin heavy–apoptosis regulator) in follicular lymphoma (FL), MYC-IGH (MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor–immunoglobulin heavy) in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and BCR-ABL1 (RhoGEF and GTPase activating protein–ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were designed. DNA from cell lines with these translocations was mixed with oligonucleotides in a single-step ligation reaction followed by PCR amplification. Detection was by capillary electrophoresis. We also tested peripheral blood from 16 CML patients and frozen tissue from 17 FL cases, and the results were compared to reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (CML) or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and δ-PCR (FL).

RESULTS

LOLA produced signals of the expected sizes for the cell lines. Normal control DNA yielded no signals. A dilution series yielded translocation-specific peaks at dilutions as low as 1%. Signal intensity was log linear to the DNA concentration (R2 = 0.94). Furthermore, we were able to detect a LOLA peak in DNA from 53.3% of FL patients and 87.5% of CML patients. The concordance between LOLA, FISH, and δ-PCR in FL was also excellent.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that LOLA is a simple method that is useful for DNA-based detection of translocations in challenging situations, particularly where the breakpoints are not tightly clustered. The assay also has the added benefit of permitting rapid mapping of the breakpoints.
The level of satisfaction of primary health services evaluation about Syrian women refugees who took refuge in the town Bucak
Authors: Polat Mümin , Dilek Gülcihan Aybike , Demir Barutcu Canan , Köksoy Serkan
Published: May 2017

This study, women who took refuge in the Syrian town of Bucak in order to investigate satisfaction to basic health services by women and 43 is performed. The participants ' socioeconomic status, number of children and birth hospital were assessed with the questionnaire created by the researchers to assess the service questions. The number of data in statistical analysis percentage and Chi square test was used. The average age of women who participated in the research 43 30.19 ± 3.12 were found. 34 women (74.4 %) hospital conditions described as good. 22 women in terms of the provision of health services (52.2 %) stated he didn't see a difference between Syria and Turkey. The supply of the drug in 30 women (69.8 %) expressed in the form of comfortable, I can assure you. The average number of children was 2.7 (max:7) as were found. In our country the number of the mother who gave birth 38 (88.4 %). Women 26 (60.4 %) are not using any family planning method. Their children have not been immunised mother, who had number 5 (11.6 %). Women 97% of the country has stated that he wants to return to. The study found that refugees are lacking in receiving basic health services. Refugees' family planning, vaccination implementation deficiencies need to be addressed. It is thought that the attitudes of mothers who have not vaccinated in order to prevent infectious diseases should be changed.
Analisis Peningkatan Pelayanan Stasiun Bogor Terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Jasa Kereta Api Dengan Metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA)
Authors: Riyanto Azhar Hermawan , Riyanto Bambang -
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT Excellent service is part of the target PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) to maximize efforts in innovation services, one of which implementation is the existence of Bogor Station, This study uses a quantitative approach, according to the basic assumptions axiology quantitative approach seeks explanation of the relationship between the variables studied, while the research method used is descriptive analysis, which aims to explain or describe further the pattern of correlation, the relationship between two or more variables studied, technique of analysis by analyzing the performance of services with Servqual Service, methods of science and CSI and utility station facilities in terms of user services based on standards Minimum service station where respondents are users of services in Bogor Station. Based on the analysis we can conclude CSI scores of this study is 62%, which indicates the overall service of Bogor Station are included in the category quite satisfied and there are five attributes that a top priority for immediate improved performance, among others, the availability of the number of toilets, availability and comfort of the lounge (waiting room) passengers, cleanliness and comfort toilet, comfort and ease up/down passenger (Peron) and the availability of information and the announcement of train travel. Keywords: Service Station, Method Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Utilities Station Facility ABSTRAK Excellent service merupakan bagian dari sasaran PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) untuk memaksimalkan upaya dalam inovasi pelayanannya, dimana salah satunya implementasinya adalah dengan keberadaan Stasiun Bogor, Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, menurut asumsi dasar aksiologi pendekatan kuantitatif berusaha mencari penjelasan hubungan antara variabel-variabel yang diteliti, sedangkan metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, yang bertujuan untuk menjelaskan atau mendiskripsikan lebih jauh pola hubungan korelasi, keterkaitan antara dua atau lebih variabel yang diteliti, teknik analisis dengan menganalisa kinerja pelayanan dengan Servqual Service, metode IPA lalu CSI dan utilitas fasilitas stasiun ditinjau dari pengguna jasa berdasarkan Standar Pelayanan Minimum Stasiun dimana respondennya yaitu pengguna jasa di Stasiun Bogor. Berdasarkan hasil analisa tersebut dapat disimpulkan nilai CSI dari penelitian ini yaitu 62 % yang mengindikasikan secara keseluruhan pelayanan Stasiun Bogor termasuk dalam kategori cukup puas dan terdapat 5 atribut yang menjadi prioritas utama untuk segera ditingkatkan kinerjanya antara lain, ketersediaan jumlah toilet, ketersediaan dan kenyamanan ruang tunggu (waiting room) penumpang, kebersihan dan kenyamanan toilet, kenyamanan dan kemudahan naik/turun penumpang (Peron) dan ketersediaan informasi dan pengumuman perjalanan kereta api. Kata kunci : Pelayanan Stasiun, Metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Utilitas Fasilitas Stasiun
Response of Tobacco Farmer to PMUP (Participative Model of Farming Activity) in Tlahab Village, Kecamatan Kledung, Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Arfianto Andrie -
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAgricultural sustainable development is an integrated effort to support agricultural activities byinvolving stakeholders with different backgrounds and motives; such as social, cultural, economic,and environmental. Participatory Farming Model Development (Pengembangan Model UsahataniPartisipatif ‐ PMUP) conducted by the government in Desa Tlahab intended to improve the farmerwelfare by increasing income without sacrificing the heritage of tobacco farming culture whilereducing the environmental damage caused by tobacco cultivation. This kind of agriculturalactivities need immense participation and willingness of the farmers as a supporting response forthe implementation of this system on their land. Farmers stated that living conditions have keptthem from supporting the implementation of PMUP. This condition includes farmer socio‐economicsituation, environmental conditions in carrying out the activities, the low performance of farmergroups, lack of competitiveness of the PMUP compared to previous agricultural system, also lack ofperformance from the institutional boards.Keywords: agricultural sustainable development, agricultural diversification, tobacco farmerresponses, regional potential development
Kajian Kelembagaan Pengelolaan dan Sistem Terminal Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Hanafi Ira Meutia
Published: May 2017

The study examines the performance Dinas Perhubungan Komunikasi dan Informatika (Dishubkominfo)Kota Pekanbaru in the operation of Terminal Bandar Raya Payung Sekaki (BRPS) Kota Pekanbaru as aType A terminal. The institutional sistem of Purabaya Terminal in Surabaya acted as a reference for bestpractice. The analysis included terminal institutional sistem analysis, terminal operation analysis, andterminal system analysis, followed by concluding the factors behind the poor performance of TerminalBRPS. Analysis showed that low human resources quality has lead to poor performance ofDishubkomunfo in operating the terminal. It has affected the policy planning and implementation, officercommitment and consistency, and the monitoring and enforcement whenever violations occur. Poorconnectivity to the public transport system and low accessibility were identified to cause the poorperformance of the terminal.Keywords : institutional, terminal operation, terminal system
International Water Scarcity and Variability
Authors: Dinar Shlomi , Dinar Ariel
Published: May 2017

This book provides an interdisciplinary approach for considering international water management under conditions of increased scarcity and variability (both present and future as a result of climate change). The book applies a theory that is rooted in the disciplines of international relations and economics to the analysis of scarcity, variability, and cooperation over transboundary freshwater. It demonstrates the usefulness of the theory using global datasets of transbounary water bodies (documented treaties, water availability, water variability, water-related events) and in-depth case-studies of specific basins. By doing so, this book provides a framework that allows scholars and policy makers to reflect on various future scenarios and assess the impact of policy interventions on the regional and global level, with implications for conflict and cooperation. Finally, the book also considers strategies and other forms of incentives that help assuage conflict and motivate cooperation despite scarcity and variability.
Iraq
Authors: Hindawi Coralie Pison
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines how the Security Council used its powers under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter to react to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace, or acts of aggression by Iraq against Kuwait. With the invasion and annexation of Kuwait in August 1990, Iraqi decision makers had to expect an international reaction. However, they surely could not anticipate that this move would place Iraq in the shadow of Chapter VII's enforcement measures for the two decades to come. This chapter explains how Iraq's invasion of Kuwait became a perfect opportunity to demonstrate the potential of the resurrected UN collective security system. It argues that rather than being reborn in Iraq after its demise during the Cold War, the UN collective security system was in fact buried again in Iraq as the Chapter VII regime became a trap from which the country had no chance to escape.
Russian Music at Home and Abroad
Authors: Taruskin Richard
Published: May 2017

Some of the perpetual follies of Russian music study-anxiety about Chaikovsky’s sexuality and unwarranted speculation about Stravinsky’s, the continued currency of Shostakovich’s faked memoirs, the pretense that Prokofieff’s fine music excuses the inhumanity of the texts he willingly set during his Soviet years-are revisited under the aegis of the triad of transcendental values advanced by the Greeks: the Good, the True, and the Beautiful. Some parallel cases from outside the realm of Russian music are considered as well. The upshot: onlythe True is acceptable as a binding if unreachable goal for scholarship.
Benefits of Working with Informants
Authors: Dabney Dean A. , Tewksbury Richard
Published: May 2017

Chapter 7 explicitly identifies the benefits that are derived by both law enforcement in general and individual law enforcement officers. In addition to the obvious benefit of gaining information to facilitate the control/resolution of crime, so too are there benefits in the form of providing law enforcement agencies and agents with a deeper understanding of the communities in which they work and professional development and advancement opportunities. While using informants to gain evidence against offenders that can subsequently be removed from the community, so too do policing efforts benefit from learning the players, plays, strategies and lines of affiliation and loyalty within a community. And, on a personal professional level, those who display an affinity and acumen for recruiting, developing, and managing informants in an effective manner gain status, prestige, and very possibly promotion within their agencies.
Smutty Little Movies
Authors: Alilunas Peter
Published: May 2017

Smutty Little Movies traces the adult film industry’s transition from celluloid to home video beginning in the late 1970s alongside an examination of the cultural and legal efforts to regulate, contain, limit, or eradicate pornography. Drawing on a wide variety of materials, Smutty Little Movies de-centers the film text in favor of industrial histories and contexts. In doing so, the book argues that the struggles to contain and regulate pleasure represent a primary entry point for situating adult video’s place in a larger history, not just of pornography, but media history as a whole.