bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Iliopsoas Lengthening Adversely Affect Clinical Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy? A Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Maldonado David R. , Krych Aaron J. , Levy Bruce A. , Hartigan David E. , Laseter Joseph R. , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: August 2018

Background:

Iliopsoas fractional lengthening (IFL) continues to be a controversial procedure in hip arthroscopy.

Hypothesis:

Patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and a labral tear either with or without IFL would experience favorable outcomes, and there would be no difference in postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between the 2 groups at minimum 2-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data from July 2009 and April 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were eligible if they had hip arthroscopy for both FAI and labral tear treatment with IFL and without IFL. IFL was indicated for painful internal snapping. Minimum postoperative follow-up was set to 2 years. The authors calculated the modified Harris Hip Score, International Hip Outcome Tool–12, Hip Outcome Score–Activity of Daily Living Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, Non-Arthritic Hip Score, visual analog scale for pain, patient satisfaction, minimal clinically important difference (MCID), and the percentage of patients who achieved patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS). Revision surgeries and conversions to total hip arthroplasty (THA) were documented.

Results:

351 hips (307 patients) met the necessary inclusion criteria in the IFL cohort, with a mean ± SD follow-up time of 42.5 ± 18.1 months. For the control cohort, 392 hips (354 patients) were included, with a mean ± SD follow-up time of 43.9 ± 19.6 months. Both groups showed significant postoperative improvement in 2-year follow-up PROs. The group with iliopsoas lengthening showed comparable results to the control group with respect to PRO improvement, MCID, PASS, and rates of revision or THA conversion.

Conclusion:

This comparative cohort study demonstrated that treatment of painful internal snapping syndrome with arthroscopic IFL, in the setting of FAI and a labral tear, is a safe procedure with good short- to mid-term follow-up results and associated improvement in PROs. Patients who underwent IFL showed similar outcomes compared with a control group treated for FAI and labral tear without IFL. In appropriately selected patients, arthroscopic IFL did not adversely affect clinical outcomes compared with patients who did not need IFL.
Evaluation of Decellularized Bovine Tendon Sheets for Achilles Tendon Defect Reconstruction in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Zhang Cheng-Hao , Jiang Yan-Lin , Ning Liang-Ju , Li Qi , Fu Wei-Li , Zhang Ya-Jing , Zhang Yan-Jing , Xia Chun-Chao , Li Jian , Qin Ting-Wu
Published: August 2018

Background:

Achilles tendon (AT) defects frequently occur in trauma and chronic injuries. Currently, no method can satisfactorily reconstruct the AT with completely restored function.

Purpose:

To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of AT defect reconstruction with decellularized bovine tendon sheets (DBTSs) in a rabbit model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

DBTSs were prepared from bovine tendons after compression, decellularization, antigen extraction, freeze drying, and sterilization. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was obtained by differential centrifugation. Sixty-three rabbits were used in this study, and the AT defect model was created bilaterally. All rabbits were divided into 3 groups (n = 21). In the DBTS group and the DBTS + PRP group, 2-cm-long AT was excised and reconstructed by DBTSs or PRP-treated DBTSs. In the control group, the rabbits underwent AT transection, and stumps were sutured. After surgery, all rabbits were assessed by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and then sacrificed for histological examination and biomechanical testing at 4, 8, or 12 weeks.

Results:

Gross observations demonstrated the absence of immunologic incompatibility and rejection. Histological examination showed that DBTSs promoted host cell infiltration and new fibrous tissue integration as compared with the control group. In each group, there was an AT-like structure formation and aligned collagen fiber deposition at 12 weeks. Mechanical properties of the reconstructed AT were not significantly different among the 3 groups at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery ( P > .05). Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging results illustrated that the reconstructed AT from each group maintained remodeling, and there was no significant difference in the echogenicity scoring ( P > .05) and percentages of good and excellent ( P > .05) among the 3 groups.

Conclusion:

DBTSs, which retain the native tendon structure and bioactive factors, had the ability to remodel and integrate into the rabbit AT and improve the healing process.

Clinical Relevance:

DBTSs could serve as an effective bioscaffold to reconstruct AT defects.
Altered Walking and Muscle Patterns Reduce Hip Contact Forces in Individuals With Symptomatic Cam Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Ng K.C. Geoffrey , Mantovani Giulia , Modenese Luca , Beaulé Paul E. , Lamontagne Mario
Published: August 2018

Background:

Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a causative factor for hip pain and early hip osteoarthritis. Although cam FAI can alter hip joint biomechanics, it is unclear what role muscle forces play and how they affect the hip joint loading.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to examine the muscle contributions and hip contact forces in individuals with symptomatic cam FAI during level walking. Patients with symptomatic cam FAI would demonstrate different muscle and hip contact forces during gait.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen patients with symptomatic cam FAI were matched for age and body mass index with 18 control participants. Each participant’s walking kinematics and kinetics were recorded throughout a gait cycle (ipsilateral foot-strike to ipsilateral foot-off) by use of a motion capture system and force plates. Muscle and hip contact forces were subsequently computed by use of a musculoskeletal modeling program and static optimization methods.

Results:

The FAI group walked slower and with shorter steps, demonstrating reduced joint motions and moments during contralateral foot-strike, compared with the control group. The FAI group showed reduced psoas major (median, 1.1 newtons per bodyweight [N/BW]; interquartile range [IQR], 1.0-1.5 N/BW) and iliacus forces (median, 1.2 N/BW; IQR, 1.0-1.6 N/BW), during contralateral foot-strike, compared with the control group (median, 1.6 N/BW; IQR, 1.3-1.6 N/BW, P = .004; and median, 1.5 N/BW; IQR, 1.3-1.6 N/BW, P = .03, respectively), which resulted in lower hip contact forces in the anterior ( P = .026), superior ( P = .02), and medial directions ( P = .038). The 3 vectors produced a resultant peak force at the anterosuperior aspect of the acetabulum for both groups, with the FAI group demonstrating a substantially lower magnitude.

Conclusion:

FAI participants altered their walking kinematics and kinetics, especially during contralateral foot-strike, as a protective mechanism, which resulted in reduced psoas major and iliacus muscle force and anterosuperior hip contact force estimations.

Clinical Relevance:

Limited hip mobility not only is attributed to bone-on-bone impingement, caused by cam morphology, but could be attributed to musculature as well. Not only would the psoas major and iliacus be able to protect the hip joint during flexion-extension, athletic conditioning could further strengthen core muscles for improved hip mobility and pelvic balance.
Examining User Participation and Network Structure via an Analysis of a Twitter-Supported Conference Backchannel
Authors: Xie Quan , Luo Tian
Published: August 2018

This study aimed to examine the scholarly community’s authentic use of Twitter at a professional conference, #ICIS2016, and to investigate how Twitter supports the conference learning community by examining users’ levels of participation in Twitter-enabled conference backchannels and the overall structure of this communication network. We also explored how individuals can better engage in the Twitter-based conference community via revealing the primary characteristics of the central users within the network and studying the significant factors that impact the central status of users. Through an in-depth social network analysis and statistical path analysis, our data revealed users’ varying levels of participation and a relatively low network density, which may suggest participants’ novelty of using Twitter as a conference backchannel. The data further indicated three types of central users: interaction initiator, opinion leader, and conversation bridge, as well as unveiling the relationships among several key variables impacting the central status of a user. Discussion and practical implications are provided.
“You Never Become Fully Independent”: Family Roles and Independence in First-Generation College Students
Authors: Covarrubias Rebecca , Valle Ibette , Laiduc Giselle , Azmitia Margarita
Published: August 2018

First-generation (FG) college students often confront cultural mismatches between their interdependent backgrounds and university contexts that promote independent norms. Past work has documented this mismatch with various methodologies (e.g., self-report, lab experiments, longitudinal designs), but behavioral explorations have been minimal. Thus, the current study examined students’ interdependent familial roles and the ways in which they enact either soft (e.g., self-expression) or hard (e.g., self-reliance) forms of independence. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 34 low-income, Latinx and Asian American FG students (25 females, 8 males, 1 other; mean age = 19.89, SD = 1.35) were conducted. Grounded theory analysis revealed six family role themes. Students described providing parents with emotional support and advocacy, language brokering, financial support, physical care, life advice, and heavy sibling caretaking. FG students also shared enacting four types of soft independence—including gaining freedom, becoming self-expressive, pursuing their individual interests, and becoming mature—and five types of hard independence—including being resilient, being self-reliant, being tough, being mature, and breaking tradition. These findings provide novel understandings of the lived experiences of FG students and insights on behaviors universities should recognize as valuable strengths in FG students.
Evolution of a high-performance emergency health services system in Nova Scotia
Authors: Travers Andrew H.
Published: August 2018

Since 1997, Emergency Health Services in Nova Scotia (NS) has evolved from a program providing prehospital care for patients in transport to a system providing integrated healthcare in both traditional (ie, ambulance) and non-traditional settings (eg, patient homes, hospital settings). This article highlights (1) the reorganization of the emergency medical service system design, (2) the strategies enabling efficient operation of this design, and (3) resultant innovations evolving from both system redesign and strategy application. Emergency Health Services has utilized a Public Utility Model (PUM) design providing prehospital healthcare, public safety, and public health responses to the population of NS. The success of the PUM has been complimented by three strategies: (1) co-leadership model operations, (2) common languages to translate evidence into practice, and (3) collaborative and integrated relationships with other regulated healthcare providers. This prehospital system design and application strategies could be applied in other sectors of community and hospital systems of care.
Trans Feminine Sexual Violence Experiences: The Intersection of Transphobia and Misogyny
Authors: Matsuzaka Sara , Koch David E.
Published: August 2018

Trans feminine individuals are at a higher risk of sexual victimization than any other subset of the U.S. population. This New York City (NYC)-based study employed an intersectional framework with a phenomenological interview format to explore the experiences of trans feminine adult study participants with sexual victimization. A total of 10 in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of trans feminine individuals were conducted. Analysis revealed themes specific to (1) the diversity of experiences within sexual victimization, (2) transmisogynistic sexual victimization, (3) internalized transmisogyny and cissexism, and (4) the health consequences of sexual victimization. Recommendations for policy and programmatic enhancements, future research directions, and implications for social workers are provided.
Analyzing Spanish Adolescents Through the Lens of the Resilience Portfolio Model
Authors: Gonzalez-Mendez Rosaura , Ramírez-Santana Gustavo , Hamby Sherry
Published: August 2018

Some negative experiences during adolescence can jeopardize psychological adaptation throughout life. Therefore, promoting adolescent resilience is an important goal to prevent symptoms of psychopathology. The Resilience Portfolio Model puts forward a framework to understand how different strengths (classified into three dimensions: regulatory, interpersonal, and meaning-making) can help people adapt and even thrive. Through this lens, the current study examines post-traumatic growth after victimization and other adversities. Participants were 407 Spanish adolescents aged from 14 to 18 (79.6% indicated some exposure to adversity). After testing their psychometric adequacy, different measures of strengths, well-being, victimization, and adversity were included in a survey for analyzing their association with post-traumatic growth. Density (more intensity of strengths), diversity (more variety of strengths), and all strength dimensions discriminated between those who scored high or low in post-traumatic growth. While endurance, meaning-making density, and diversity of strengths predicted higher post-traumatic growth, a higher emotional regulation related to lower post-traumatic growth. The model offers a guide for analyzing and promoting resilience in adolescent populations, and a series of short tools for evaluating a broad set of strengths.
Sexual Harassment at Institutions of Higher Education: Prevalence, Risk, and Extent
Authors: Wood Leila , Hoefer Sharon , Kammer-Kerwick Matt , Parra-Cardona José Rubén , Busch-Armendariz Noël
Published: August 2018

Sexual harassment is a pervasive problem on college campuses. Across eight academic campuses, 16,754 students participated in an online study that included questions about sexual harassment victimization by a faculty/staff member or by a peer since enrollment at their Institution of Higher Education (IHE). Utilizing an intersectional theory and hurdle models, this study explored the effects of gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, age at enrollment, student status, and time spent at institution on students’ risk for peer- and faculty/staff-perpetrated sexual harassment victimization, as well as the extent of victimization for students who experience harassment. Across institutions, 19% of students reported experiencing faculty/staff-perpetrated sexual harassment and 30% reported experiencing peer-perpetrated sexual harassment. Hypotheses related to intersectional impacts were partially supported, with most significant findings in main effects. Time at institution was found to increase both risk and extent of victimization of both types of harassment. Traditional undergraduate students, non-Latinx White students, female students, and gender and sexual minority students were found to be at increased risk for harassment. Being female increases the odds of experiencing both faculty/staff and peer sexual harassment by 86% and 147%, respectively. Latinx students and students with an ethnicity other than White reported less victimization, but those who reported sexual harassment faced greater extent of harassing behaviors. A discussion of these findings for institutional program planning and policy is explored.
How Well Do Caregivers Detect Depression and Anxiety in Patients With Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Kua Zhong Jie , Pachana Nancy A. , Byrne Gerard J. , O’Sullivan John D. , Marsh Rodney , Torbey Elizabeth , Silburn Peter A. , Mellick George D. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. W.
Published: August 2018

Depression and anxiety are prevalent in Parkinson disease (PD) yet underrecognized in clinical practice. Caregiver reports are frequently utilized to aid in the assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms but little is known about caregivers’ ability to recognize them in patients with PD. This study sought to examine the accuracy of caregiver reports. Eighty patient–caregiver dyads were involved. Accuracy of caregiver recognition was assessed by examining the level of agreement between caregiver ratings on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and patients’ diagnosis of depression and anxiety on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-Plus. The agreement between caregiver report and MINI-Plus diagnosis was low for both depression (6.3%) and anxiety (17.5%). The presence of depression was overreported, while anxiety was largely underestimated by caregivers. Caregiver distress significantly predicted inaccurate caregiver identification of depression ( R2 = .51, P < .001) and anxiety ( R2 = .08, P < .05). Results indicate that caregivers may be poor at recognizing depression and anxiety in patients with PD. Utilization of caregiver report should take into account potential biases that affect caregiver judgment.
Flammability and thermal properties of modified carbon nanotubes in poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Guo Chao , Xin Fei , Zhai Congcong , Chen Yu
Published: August 2018

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified using phosphaphenanthrene compounds (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO)) and vinyl triethoxy silane (VTES) by covalent bond. The DOPO- and VTES-treated CNTs were named DVCNT, and the structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Nanocomposites were prepared by adding CNTs or DVCNT to poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and the flame retardancy was examined by determination of limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94), and cone calorimetry. Results reveal that the LOI of PLA/DVCNT_4% composites was increased to 26.6 and prevents dripping of PLA in some level, and DVCNT can significantly reduce heat release rate and mass loss rate during combustion, which indicate that DVCNT can improve the dispersibility of the CNTs in the polymer composites and hence enhance the flame retardancy simultaneously.
Countering Hate Speech on Facebook: The Case of the Roma Minority in Slovakia
Authors: Miškolci Jozef , Kováčová Lucia , Rigová Edita
Published: August 2018

This article explores hate speech against the Roma in Slovakia on Facebook between April 2016 and January 2017 and the impact of fact-checking and personal experience strategies in countering hate speech through a quasi-experimental research design. It examines how the Roma were constructed and how discussion participants reacted to our pro-Roma interventions. The research sample consisted of 60 Facebook discussions (with more than 7,500 comments) on Roma-related topics posted by the profiles of various members of the Slovak Parliament and the most popular online news media outlets. Qualitative content analysis revealed that the Roma in Facebook discussions were constructed primarily in a negative sense, as asocial criminals misusing welfare benefits. This study demonstrated that Facebook discussion participants presenting anti-Roma attitudes did not use any research evidence to support their constructions. It also demonstrated that pro-Roma comments encouraged other participants with a pro-Roma attitude to become involved.
HRM practices and organizational change: Evidence from Italian clinical directorates
Authors: Gabutti Irene , Morandi Federica
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The healthcare sector has been facing major reforms, among which the introduction of the Clinical Directorate (CD) model for hospitals. The purpose of this work is to explore the degree of implementation of innovative Human Resource Management (HRM) practices within CDs, in order to understand whether, after more than 15 years from their introduction, they have been able to transform their managerial approach concretely, in line with the CD model’s objectives. The tools have been attributed to three main HR initiatives: training, control, and evaluation ones.

Design and methods

During on-site visits in 33 Italian hospitals, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with their CEOs and Clinical Directors. Data concerned both the mere adoption of HRM tools within CDs, as well as their effective degree of implementation. The answers to the questions were translated into a system of percentage scores, so as to detect mean percentages of implementation in each CD. Findings: The general degree of implementation of HRM practices is still somewhat distant from a theoretically excellent and full implementation, especially if we consider the important lag of time since the reforms affected the sector. Nevertheless, results open the way to important considerations about the effectiveness of the CD model. Original value: The original methodology and scoring system suggested in this work produce a concise evaluation of the development of an effective HRM system within CDs. Our framework of analysis allows interesting benchmarking activities among different CDs of an organization and, ultimately, among different organizations. Moreover, the methodology presented may constitute a valid source of information in order to carry out future research on the items able to affect the implementation of such tools.
Understanding street-level bureaucrats’ attitude towards clients: Towards a measurement instrument
Authors: Keulemans Shelena , Van de Walle Steven
Published: August 2018

The attitude of street-level bureaucrats towards their clients has an impact on the decisions they take. Still, such attitudes have not received much scholarly attention, nor are they generally studied in much detail. This article uses Breckler's psychological multicomponent model of attitude to develop a scale to measure street-level bureaucrats' general attitude towards their clients. By means of a test study ( N=218) and a replication study ( N = 879), the article shows that street-level bureaucrats' attitude towards clients consists of four different components: a cognitive attitude component, a positive affective attitude component, a negative affective attitude component and a behavioural attitude component. It also establishes a conceptual and empirical distinction from related attitudes, such as prosocial motivation, work engagement, bureaucrats’ rule-following identities and self-efficacy, and suggests avenues for application and further validation among different groups of street-level bureaucrats. This instrument opens up opportunities for theory testing and causality testing that surpasses case-specific considerations.
A novel tolerance analysis method for three-dimensional assembly
Authors: Cao Yanlong , Liu Ting , Yang Jiangxin , Yan Huiwen
Published: August 2018

Three-dimensional tolerance analysis is increasingly becoming an innovative method for computer-aided tolerancing. Its aim is to support the design, manufacturing, and inspection by providing a quantitative analysis of the effects of multi-tolerances on final functional key characteristics and predict the quality level. This article proposes a novel approach for three-dimensional assembly analysis—a hybridization of vector loop and quasi-Monte Carlo method. The former is used to establish the three-dimensional assembly chain and obtain the assembly function. The latter is adopted to generate n sets of dimensional values according to the distribution of each dimension in chain. The new method is shown to inherit many of the best features of classical vector loop and quasi-Monte Carlo, combining easy-to-obtain assembly function with accurate statistical analysis. For every set of dimensional values, one sample value of a functional requirement can be computed with the Newton–Raphson iterative procedure. A crank slider mechanical assembly is shown as an example to illustrate the proposed method.
Robust composite nonlinear feedback control for spacecraft rendezvous systems under parameter uncertainty, external disturbance, and input saturation
Authors: Namdari Hasan , Allahverdizadeh Firouz , Sharifi Alireza
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a new robust composite nonlinear feedback control law for accurate, smooth, and fast regulation in the presence of parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and input saturation for a class of spacecraft rendezvous systems. The novel proposed method consists of the original composite nonlinear feedback part for good transient performance plus a nonlinear disturbance rejection part for reducing the steady-state error stemming from variable disturbances and simultaneously producing feasible control input. The nonlinear disturbance rejection relies on sliding-mode observer for disturbance estimation. Closed-loop system stability has been proved with the Lyapunov theory. Simulation results show the closed-loop stability and superior control performance.
A decentralized approach to formation flight routing of long-haul commercial flights
Authors: Verhagen Collin MA , Visser Hendrikus G , Santos Bruno F
Published: August 2018

This paper describes the development of an optimization-based cooperative planning system for the efficient routing and scheduling of extended flight formations. This study considers the use of formation flight as a means to reduce the overall fuel consumption in long-haul airline operations. It elaborates on the operational implementation of formation flight, particularly focusing on the formation flight routing. A completely decentralized approach is presented, in the sense that formation flight is not planned pre-flight and is not subjected to any predefined routing restrictions. A greedy communication scheme is defined through which all participating aircraft are allowed to communicate with neighboring aircraft in order to establish flight formations in flight. A constraint on the formation-flight-induced additional flight time is introduced in order to suppress the occurrence of large detours in the assembly of flight formations. A transatlantic case study is presented that considers 347 eastbound flights. Assuming a 10% fuel flow reduction for any trailing aircraft in a formation, the overall network-wide fuel savings were estimated at 4.3% at the expense of an additional flight time of 10.3 min per flight on average. In this transatlantic long-haul scenario, a formation flight usage rate of 73% was realized.
Taking the long view: 20 years of Muungano wa Wanavijiji, the Kenyan federation of slum dwellers
Authors: Lines Kate , Makau Jack
Published: August 2018

In the mid-1990s, the grassroots movement Muungano wa Wanavijiji emerged from Nairobi’s many slums aiming to resist forced evictions by the Kenyan government. Muungano confronted a nexus of politicians, government administrators and elites all seeking to acquire city land occupied by informal settlements – and in doing so challenged antipathetic attitudes to informality. Joining global advocacy, Muungano has pushed locally for recognition of slums as human settlements, later designing models for upgrading living conditions. Throughout this evolution, the Kenyan state has been the single most prominent precipitant for the strategies Muungano has employed. This paper describes the correlations between a social movement and the state, set within broader changes in state–civil society relations in Kenya. In doing so it seeks to bring out the complexity of a relationship that has varied from conflict to contestation, partnership to collaboration, and separate but parallel efforts to address common issues.
Conjoint measurement undone
Authors: Trendler Günter
Published: August 2018

According to classical measurement theory, fundamental measurement necessarily requires the operation of concatenation qua physical addition. Quantities which do not allow this operation are measurable only indirectly by means of derived measurement. Since only extensive quantities sustain the operation of physical addition, measurement in psychology has been considered problematic. In contrast, the theory of conjoint measurement, as developed in representational measurement theory, proposes that the operation of ordering is sufficient for establishing fundamental measurement. The validity of this view is questioned. The misconception about the advantages of conjoint measurement, it is argued, results from the failure to notice that magnitudes of derived quantities cannot be determined directly, i.e., without the help of associated quantitative indicators. This takes away the advantages conjoint measurement has over derived measurement, making it practically useless.
Experiences and expertise of codependency: Repetition, claim-coupling, and enthusiasm
Authors: Winter Katarina
Published: August 2018

Arenas where experts interact with publics are useful platforms for communication and interaction between actors in the field of public health: researchers, practitioners, clinicians, patients, and laypersons. Such coalitions are central to the analysis of knowledge coproduction. This study investigates an initiative for assembling expert and other significant knowledge which seeks to create better interventions and solutions to addiction-related problems, in this case codependency. But what and whose knowledge is communicated, and how? The study explores how processes of repetition, claim-coupling, and enthusiasm produce a community based on three boundary beliefs: (1) victimized codependent children failed by an impaired society; (2) the power of daring and sharing; and (3) the (brain) disease model as the scientific representative and explanation for (co)dependence. These processes have legitimized future hopes in certain suffering actors, certain lived and professional expertise and also excluded social scientific critique, existing interventions, and alternative accounts.
On the Experience of Awaiting Uncertain News
Authors: Sweeny Kate
Published: August 2018

At some point in life, everyone must wait for important news—whether the news from college applications, job interviews, medical tests, academic exams, or even romantic overtures. Until recently, the psychological literature on stress and coping had largely overlooked these common and often distressing experiences. However, the past 5 years have seen significant advances in the understanding of waiting experiences, revealing insights into the nature, time course, and consequences of distress during waiting periods; individual differences in these experiences; and effective and ineffective strategies for coping with this type of uncertainty. This article reviews the emerging findings from this growing literature and provides suggestions for future research in this area.
Second-person narration as a joint action
Authors: Rembowska-Płuciennik Magdalena
Published: August 2018

This article represents an attempt to free narratological typologies from the constraints of first- and third-person dualities. It argues that a new collaborative and multiagent model of second-person narratives is needed, and draws on the concept of enactment to help explain the specificity of second-person narration. The growing popularity of second-person narration in contemporary print literature is linked to the rapid development of multimedial storytelling strategies and new technological environments. The new status of second-person narration in print literature is connected with the increasing cultural need for participation in interactive and socially shared experiences or activities (real or virtual). Understanding second-person narration as such a joint action can thus help to understand its growing popularity, not only in terms of the stylistic alternative it affords to both first- and third-person narration, but also in conjunction with the rising cultural value of social cooperation or co-acting in the media-saturated reality. My hypothesis is that second-person narrative stimulates a specific mode of reader involvement, rooted in participation rather than immersion.
Empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in geriatric care: An integrative review
Authors: Teófilo Tiago José Silveira , Veras Rafaella Felix Serafim , Silva Valkênia Alves , Cunha Nilza Maria , Oliveira Jacira dos Santos , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

Empathy is a complex human experience that involves the subjective intersection of different individuals. In the context of nursing care in the geriatric setting, the benefits of empathetic relationships are directly related to the quality of the practice of nursing.

Objective:

Analyze scientific production on the benefits of empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting.

Methods:

An integrative review of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. The articles retrieved were organized, evaluated, and classified based on the level of scientific evidence.

Results:

Relationships of empathy between nurses and older people were analyzed in quasi-experimental studies using different assessment tools, the majority of which had moderate levels of validity and reliability. Studies with a qualitative approach discussed the meaning of empathy in terms of the quality of care offered, compassion, and vulnerability.

Discussion:

Levels of empathy increase when activities are developed with the aim of teaching, sensitization, and training for relational care between nursing staff and older people. The analysis of empathetic relationships is important to the evaluation of the quality of care provided to older people.

Conclusion:

Empathy in the nurse–patient relationship in the geriatric care setting is an important ethical aspect that contributes to the quality of the practice of nursing. The present findings indicate the need for more robust assessment tools with adequate psychometric properties and the descriptive analysis of empathy.
Transcription factor GATA4 associates with mesenchymal-like gene expression in human hepatoblastoma cells
Authors: Soini Tea , Eloranta Katja , Pihlajoki Marjut , Kyrönlahti Antti , Akinrinade Oyediran , Andersson Noora , Lohi Jouko , Pakarinen Mikko P , Wilson David B , Heikinheimo Markku
Published: August 2018

GATA4, a transcription factor crucial for early liver development, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hepatoblastoma, an embryonal tumor of childhood. However, the molecular and phenotypic consequences of GATA4 expression in hepatoblastoma are not fully understood. We surveyed GATA4 expression in 24 hepatoblastomas using RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RNA interference was used to inhibit GATA4 in human HUH6 hepatoblastoma cells, and changes in cell migration were measured with wound healing and transwell assays. RNA microarray hybridization was performed on control and GATA4 knockdown HUH6 cells, and differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or immunostaining. Plasmid transfection was used to overexpress GATA4 in primary human hepatocytes and ensuring changes in gene expression were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that GATA4 expression was high in most hepatoblastomas but weak or negligible in normal hepatocytes. GATA4 gene silencing impaired HUH6 cell migration. We identified 106 differentially expressed genes (72 downregulated, 34 upregulated) in knockdown versus control HUH6 cells. GATA4 silencing altered the expression of genes associated with cytoskeleton organization, cell-to-cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix dynamics (e.g. ADD3, AHNAK, DOCK8, RHOU, MSF, IGFBP1, COL4A2). These changes in gene expression reflected a more epithelial (less malignant) phenotype. Consistent with this notion, there was reduced F-actin stress fiber formation in knockdown HUH6 cells. Forced expression of GATA4 in primary human hepatocytes triggered opposite changes in the expression of genes identified by GATA4 silencing in HUH6 cells. In conclusion, GATA4 is highly expressed in most hepatoblastomas and correlates with a mesenchymal, migratory phenotype of hepatoblastoma cells.
Waves of simulation: Arguing authenticity in an era of surfing the hyperreal
Authors: Roberts Michael , Ponting Jess
Published: August 2018

This article is an examination of the impact of new, technologically sophisticated wave pools upon the culture of surfers. Appropriating the concepts of simulation from the work of postmodern theorist Jean Baudrillard, and mechanical reproduction from the critical theorist Walter Benjamin, we consider how the spectre of perfectly simulated waves in controlled environments has signaled a new era in the history of the social construction and contestation of authenticity within the surfing world. Through an examination of interview and survey data that reveals contrasting perspectives on wave pools, we consider the implications of the possibility that with the invention of the perfectly simulated wave, the experience of riding a wave will be detached from the domain of tradition that is known as the surfing lifestyle. Our article compliments previously published research on lifestyle sports that take place in artificial settings.
The grey zone and labour market dynamics in Germany
Authors: Giraud Olivier , Lechevalier Arnaud
Published: August 2018

In this article, we define the ‘grey zone’ as the proliferation of categories of employment and the growing dissonance between those categories and the realities of the labour market. Against the background of the weakening of the standard employment relationship, and going beyond the dualism of the labour market, there are three processes by which the employment norm is differentiated: the institutionalisation of new employment categories by public authorities, the influence of collective norms on the framing of employment categories by organised groups such as unions and employers’ associations, and the uses of those norms by social actors such as companies. In this article, we first describe the evolution of the German labour market over the past 20 years. We then shed light on the dynamics of the grey zones of employment in Germany by drawing on two strands – self-employment and traineeships – and by distinguishing the three differentiation mechanisms.
Health Care Provider’s Role in Obesity Prevention and Healthy Development of Young American Indian Children
Authors: Kracht Chelsea L. , Sisson Susan B. , Kerr Kelly , Walker Devon , Stephens Lancer , Seward Julie , Anderson Amber , Weedn Ashley E. , Cheney Marshall , Copeland Kristen A. , Tallbear Chris , Jacob Audrey , Key Michelle , Dennison Michelle , Horm Diane , Salvatore Alicia L.
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Health care providers (HCPs) serving American Indian (AI) populations are critical stakeholders in promoting healthy weight-related behaviors of young AI children. The purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of how HCP perceive their role in the healthy development of young AI children, and how they envision working with early care and education teachers and parents to enhance children’s health. Method: Twenty HCP that serve young AI children in Oklahoma participated in individual interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted on coded transcripts and three main themes, each with two to four subthemes were identified. Results: HCP had limited contact with teachers, felt family health was equal or more important than child health, and parental empowerment and gradual change was essential for success. Conclusion: Creating ways to involve HCP, early care and education teachers, and parents together in multilevel and multisector interventions has the potential to improve the health of young AI children.
On the Motivational Basis of Cue Identification in Teams
Authors: Burtscher Michael J. , Levine John M. , Higgins E. Tory
Published: August 2018

Although identifying cues indicating a problem represents a crucial aspect of team adaptation, little is known about the conditions under which team members do this correctly. To address this issue, the current study focused on the motivational basis of cue identification by investigating interactive effects of members’ regulatory focus, their contribution redundancy, and the team performance context. Participants working in 105 three-person teams were asked to identify problem cues in a signal detection task. Utilizing a 2 (regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention) x 2 (performance context: status quo vs. loss) x 2 (contribution redundancy: low vs. high) mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) design with contribution redundancy as a within-participants factor, we obtained the predicted three-way interaction: In the status quo condition, prevention-focused, but not promotion-focused, team members were less accurate in identifying problem cues when their contributions were redundant. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the motivational basis of team adaptation.
Adoption Breakdown in Spain: A Survival and Age-Related Analysis
Authors: Paniagua Carmen , Palacios Jesús , Jiménez-Morago Jesús M. , Rivera Francisco
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

The two goals of this article are the analysis of the duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown and the role of age at placement in the breakdown experience.

Method:

All known cases of adoption breakdown during a whole decade in Andalusia, a Spanish region, were studied. Preadoption and formalized adoptions, domestic and intercountry adoptions were included. Data were analyzed using survival analysis, Cox regression, χ2, and rate ratio analyses.

Results:

The duration of adoptive placements ending in breakdown, significantly shorter in intercountry adoptions, is associated with a configuration of characteristics in the child, the adoptive parents and adoptive family life, and professional intervention. Among child-related factors, age at placement is of special relevance for the breakdown experience.

Conclusions:

Placements involving older children last less and break down more frequently, but are not condemned to failure. They need to be better supported with protective factors compensating the risks.
A Multimodal Preemptive Analgesic Protocol for Alveolar Bone Graft Surgery: Decreased Pain, Hospital Stay, and Health Care Costs
Authors: Bykowski Michael R. , Sivak Wesley , Garland Catharine , Cladis Franklyn P. , Goldstein Jesse A. , Losee Joseph E.
Published: August 2018

Objective:

To evaluate postoperative pain, hospital length of stay (LOS), and associated costs of multiple perioperative analgesic strategies following alveolar bone grafting (ABG).

Design:

Retrospective comparative cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients/Participants:

Iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) harvest techniques: “Open Harvest” (n = 22), “Trephine Only” (n = 14), or “Trephine + Pain Pump” (n = 25).

Intervention:

The “Open Harvest” group underwent open ICBG harvest with 3-walled osteotomies. For the other 2 treatment groups, a trephine drill was used to harvest iliac crest bone with a ropivacaine infusion pump into the hip donor site (“Trephine + Pain Pump”) or without (“Trephine Only”). Patients who underwent ABG with only cadaveric allograft were analyzed as a comparison group (“No Harvest”).

Main Outcomes Measures:

Outcomes were planned prior to data collection: maximum pain score, hospital LOS, and associated health care costs.

Results:

Maximum pain scores were significantly higher in the “Open Harvest” group (7.3/10) compared to “Trephine + Pain Pump” (1.8/10; P < .0001) and “No Harvest” groups (2.8/10; P < .01). Hospital LOS decreased from 2.4 days (“Open Harvest”) to 0.5 days (Trephine + Pain Pump”; P < .0001). Twelve (48%) patients from “Trephine + Pain Pump” were discharged on the day of surgery. The “Trephine + Pain Pump” saved an estimated $5336 for a unilateral ABG and $7265 for a bilateral ABG compared to “Open Harvest.”

Conclusions:

The combined use of the trephine ICBG technique and ropivacaine infusion catheter effectively decreased pain, shortened hospital stay, and improved cost saving compared to patients who have undergone other methods of ICBG.
Assessment of In-Person and Cyber Aggression and Victimization, Substance Use, and Delinquent Behavior During Early Adolescence
Authors: Farrell Albert D. , Thompson Erin L. , Mehari Krista R. , Sullivan Terri N. , Goncy Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2018

This study evaluated the Problem Behavior Frequency Scale–Adolescent Report (PBFS-AR), a measure designed to assess adolescents’ frequency of victimization, aggression, substance use, and delinquent behavior. Participants were 1,263 students (50% female; 78% African American, 18% Latino) from three urban middle schools in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses of competing models of the structure of the PBFS-AR supported a model that differentiated among three forms of aggression (in-person physical, in-person relational, and cyber), two forms of victimization (in-person and cyber), substance use, and delinquent behavior. This seven-factor model fit the data well and demonstrated strong measurement invariance across groups that differed on sex and grade. Support was found for concurrent validity of the PBFS-AR based on its pattern of relations with school office discipline referrals.
Asymptotic analysis of an anti-plane dynamic problem for a three-layered strongly inhomogeneous laminate
Authors: Prikazchikova Ludmila , Ece Aydın Yağmur , Erbaş Barış , Kaplunov Julius
Published: August 2018

Anti-plane dynamic shear of a strongly inhomogeneous dynamic laminate with traction-free faces is analysed. Two types of contrast are considered, including those for composite structures with thick or thin stiff outer layers. In both cases, the value of the cut-off frequency corresponding to the lowest antisymmetric vibration mode tends to zero. For this mode, the shortened dispersion relations and the associated formulae for displacement and stresses are obtained. The latter motivate the choice of appropriate settings, supporting the limiting forms of the original anti-plane problem. The asymptotic equation derived for a three-layered plate with thick faces is valid over the whole low-frequency range, whereas the range of validity of its counterpart for another type of contrast is restricted to a narrow vicinity of the cut-off frequency.