bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lianas always outperform tree seedlings regardless of soil nutrients: results from a long‐term fertilization experiment
Authors: Pasquini Sarah C. , Wright S. Joseph , Santiago Louis S.
Published: December 2014

Lianas are a prominent growth form in tropical forests, and there is compelling evidence that they are increasing in abundance throughout the Neotropics. While recent evidence shows that soil resources limit tree growth even in deep shade, the degree to which soil resources limit lianas in forest understories, where they coexist with trees for decades, remains unknown. Regardless, the physiological underpinnings of soil resource limitation in deeply shaded tropical habitats remain largely unexplored for either trees or lianas. Theory predicts that lianas should be more limited by soil resources than trees because they occupy the quick‐return end of the “leaf economic spectrum,” characterized by high rates of photosynthesis, high specific leaf area, short leaf life span, affinity to high‐nutrient sites, and greater foliar nutrient concentrations. To address these issues, we asked whether soil resources (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium), alone or in combination, applied experimentally for more than a decade would cause significant changes in the morphology or physiology of tree and liana seedlings in a lowland tropical forest. We found evidence for the first time that phosphorus limits the photosynthetic performance of both trees and lianas in deeply shaded understory habitats. More importantly, lianas always showed significantly greater photosynthetic capacity, quenching, and saturating light levels compared to trees across all treatments. We found little evidence for nutrient × growth form interactions, indicating that lianas were not disproportionately favored in nutrient‐rich habitats. Tree and liana seedlings differed markedly for six key morphological traits, demonstrating that architectural differences occurred very early in ontogeny prior to lianas finding a trellis (all seedlings were self‐supporting). Overall, our results do not support nutrient loading as a mechanism of increasing liana abundance in the Neotropics. Rather, our finding that lianas always outperform trees, in terms of photosynthetic processes and under contrasting rates of resource supply of macronutrients, will allow lianas to increase in abundance if disturbance and tree turnover rates are increasing in Neotropical forests as has been suggested.
Vapor phase transport at a hillside landfill
Authors: Stauffer P. H. , Rosenberg N. D.
Published: December 2014

This paper reports the results from a series of two-dimensional, time-dependent simulations of heat and mass transfer through a partially saturated mesa-top landfill in northern New Mexico. Simulations use the finite element approach to solve the governing equations for a problem, wherein air mass, water mass, and energy are conserved. We use a computational grid that maintains complex topographic and stratigraphic boundaries. The 30 m of topographic relief at the site allows atmospheric communication with the subsurface air and water vapor within the mesa. Time-dependent heat and gas generated in the landfill through the decomposition of organic waste provide the main driving forces for vapor phase migration. We show that the magnitude of vapor phase migration is primarily controlled by gas generation source strength. Increased temperature has a secondary effect on vapor phase flux. Flow paths change considerably from pre-landfill to post-landfill conditions. Pre-landfill upflow of air through the mesa with maximum flux of 2 cm/yr is driven by ambient density gradients. Post-landfill gas input reverses the direction of flow beneath the landfill, forcing gas into dry, permeable pathways that lead into the mesa. Vapor advection along high permeability zones beneath the landfill may explain observations of landfill gas found at depth. Post-landfill vapor flux most likely peaked with a maximum flux on the order of 30 m/yr, within the first 20 years since closure. Advective transport of gas below the landfill is shown to dominate during the high productivity phase of gas generation. Transport of landfill gas is shown to be dominated by diffusion when the vapor phase flux falls below 1 to 3 m/yr. Model results suggest that capping the landfill with a low permeability layer could cause the vapor flux to be diverted into the surrounding mesa via dry pathways.
Diapiric origin of the Chessel-Noville Hills of the Rhone Valley interpreted from georadar mapping
Authors: Beres Milan , Green Alan G. , Pugin Andre
Published: December 2014

In an attempt to understand the origin of the enigmatic Chessel-Noville hills in the Rhone River plain of western Switzerland, we have recorded two and three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (georadar) data and drilled six shallow boreholes. Cross-sections and maps of horizons extracted from the georadar data reveal normal fault zones under the hill flanks and minor grabens and domes below the hill crests. Comparable graben-like structures with normal step faults converging with depth are observed at a nearby outcrop. Fine sand and silt within some of the exposed faults may have been dragged into the fault planes or injected as clastic dikes under high pore pressures. A silt unit encountered in two of the boreholes correlates with a strong georadar reflection. Although angular calcareous boulders are scattered across the surface, the early suggestion that the hills are remnants of a large historic rockfall is not compatible with the subsurface lithologies and structures. Neither is the frequently referenced hypothesis that they are moraines. Moreover, the absence of significant thrust faulting and lack of strong structural trends in the georadar data and at outcrops are inconsistent with the more recent interpretation of the hills as glaciotectonic ridges. Instead, our results indicate that the hills and their internal structures represent vertically uplifted and deformed fluvio-deltaic sediments. Diapirism offers a plausible explanation for the observed uplift and deformation. Saturated fine-grained sediments underlying the former Rhone Delta may have been compacted and overpressured during burial by pro-grading deltaic sands and thickening sequences of fluvial sands and gravels. Under these conditions, mud diapirs may develop. Actual diapiric uplift and deformation may have been triggered by a large historic earthquake (e. g., Tauredunum event of 563 A.D.) that would have induced additional over-pressurization, liquefaction and upward mobilization of the fine-grained sediments. Such an earthquake may also have triggered the rockfall responsible for the scattered calcareous boulders.
Bedding-parallel shear zones as landslide mechanisms in horizontal sedimentary rocks
Authors: Hart Michael W.
Published: December 2014

The occurrence of large translational paleolandslides in horizontally bedded sediments can not be completely explained by the presence of "weak" clay rocks and oversteepened natural slopes. When the shear strength of a landslide's basal rupture surface is back-calculated, residual shear strengths are usually required for failure. This is because peak shear strengths are too high to allow failure, even assuming the most conservative estimate of ground-water levels. Data obtained during geologic mapping and downhole logging of large-diameter borings suggest that the principal factor leading to translational landsliding within horizontally bedded sediments is the presence of a pre-existing shear zone. A new term, bedding-parallel shear zone (BPS), is proposed for these features. When shearing parallel to bedding results from folding or thrust faulting, it is tectonic in origin. When similar shearing is found in horizontally bedded sediments that have not been tectonically deformed, it is often misinterpreted as conclusive evidence of landsliding. Mechanisms that produce BPS are: 1. Elastic rebound. 2. Progressive failure of overconsolidated claystone. 3. Differential consolidation. 4. Gravitational creep. It is important for engineering geologists to recognize BPS and to have an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation and relationship to translational landsliding. Knowledge of where and how BPS occur allows an understanding of why landslides have occurred in the past as well as allowing prediction of where large landslides are likely to occur in the future. Their misinterpretation as landslide slip surfaces has obvious effects on the accuracy of engineering geology studies and stability analyses. For example, a stability analysis for a typical landslide yielded a factor-of-safety of 1.2. An analysis of the same slope configuration representing a condition where a BPS is present, but not the entire landslide failure surface, yielded a factor-of-safety of 1.9.
Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to geologic hazard assessment
Authors: Haneberg William C.
Published: December 2014

The occurrence of potentially hazardous geologic events such as landslides, rock falls, earthquakes, floods, and debris flows can be predicted using two fundamentally different approaches: deterministic and probabilistic. The most significant difference between the two approaches to geologic hazard assessment is whether a process is envisioned to be the result of an exact causal relationship or if some element of random behavior is assumed to be part of the system. Although the assumption of random behavior may seem self-defeating, it can provide a useful tool for the solution of important problems as long as the randomness can be quantified using statistical models. Each of these two methods can be approached either rationally (sing models derived from accepted physical or chemical principles) or empirically (by studying the occurrence of events without explicit regard to their driving mechanism). The complexity of the geologic process commonly dictates which approach is used for a particular problem, ranging from rational deterministic models for relatively simple systems such as small landslides to empirical probabilistic models for complicated processes such as floods and earthquakes. Examples of each type of model are discussed throughout the paper, primarily within the context of slope stability and the recurrence of extreme events such as floods.
Fissure behavior in the Chihuahuan Desert, and depth estimation using sediment strength
Authors: Landford Richard P. , Eshete Tefera
Published: December 2014

Earth fissures are large open cracks in sediment and are controversial factors for siting waste facilities in the United States. Fissures were cited as potential hazards at each of the last two Texas radioactive waste sites. The fissures were considered potential conduits to the surface or to underlying aquifers. This research describes the behavior of earth fissures near Fort Hancock, Texas, and presents a method for estimating fissure depth using standard soil strength measurements. Observations described in the literature indicate that fissures open suddenly and episodically, swallowing large volumes of sediment and water. The author's observe that once a fissure is flooded and eroded, the fissure may become inactive and water may episodically pond in it for several years. This study suggests that during fissure flooding and erosion, the walls of the fissure weaken and collapse, closing the fissure until the sediment dries and hardens. Results indicate that fissures are limited in depth by the strength of the materials they form in. Using data from studies by previous researchers, we calculated maximum depths ranging from 2.3 to 17 m, within the fissures. The fissures in this study were in silty sand with an estimated depth of 5 m. Resistivities above the fissures indicated wetting and drying of the sediments to a 6 to 8 m depth, slightly deeper than the theoretical crack depth. Because wetting can extend below the depth of the fissure, these results are compatible. Trenches in fissures nearby bottomed in what was believed to be the fissure base at 6 m.
Aerial-photointerpretation of landslides along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
Authors: Su Wen-June , Stohr Christopher
Published: December 2014

A landslide inventory was conducted along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers in the New Madrid Seismic Zone of southern Illinois, between the towns of Olmsted and Chester, Illinois. Aerial photography and field reconnaissance identified 221 landslides of three types: rock/debris falls, block slides, and undifferentiated rotational/translational slides. Most of the landslides are small- to medium-size, ancient rotational/translational features partially obscured by vegetation and modified by weathering. Five imagery sources were interpreted for land-slides: 1:250,000-scale side-looking airborne radar (SLAR); 1:40,000-scale, 1:20,000-scale, 1:6,000-scale, black and white aerial photography; and low altitude, oblique 35-mm color photography. Landslides were identified with three levels of confidence on the basis of distinguishing characteristics and ambiguous indicators. SLAR imagery permitted identification of a 520 hectare mega-landslide which would not have been identified on medium-scale aerial photography. The leaf-off, 35-mm color, oblique photography provided the best imagery for confident interpretation of detailed features needed for smaller landslides.
Black shales are insignificant sources of residential radon in the Kansas City area
Authors: Spencer Charles G.
Published: December 2014

Results of 128 radon screening tests performed by homeowners living in Jackson County, Missouri, and Johnson County, Kansas, are compared to four geologic variables. Slightly higher radon levels are associated with gray shale bedrock and loess-derived soil, but no statistically-significant relationships are found between radon screening levels and bedrock types, soil parent or soil permeability. Previous emphasis on black shales as a principal source of radon precursors in the Kansas City area is unwarranted. The single significant relationship found in this study is that homes built on slopes do possess statistically-higher radon screening levels than those built in upland areas.
Improving elastic modulus measurements for rock based on geology
Authors: Santi Paul M. , Holschen Jason E. , Stephenson Richard W.
Published: December 2014

Since many engineering projects in rock never mobilize strengths near the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the rock, elastic modulus becomes a critical parameter to describe the rock's behavior under loading. There are a number of methods available for calculating the elastic modulus from laboratory test data, and each method gives a slightly different value. The objective of this study is to evaluate the most repeatable method for each of a number of rock types, and then to develop guidelines to aid the practitioner in selecting the best method as a function of rock behavior. UCS tests were performed on 78 samples of nine rock types, including two basalts, two granites, two limestones, a quartzite, a sandstone, and a gypsum. Elastic moduli were calculated using six different methods reported in the literature or modified for this study. The modified secant and modified secant-at-50-percent-strength moduli (modified by shifting the origin to best intercept the extension of the main straight-line portion of the stress-strain curve) were the most repeatable methods for rocks with elastic and plastic-elastic behavior. Elastic-plastic materials, which have a broad concave-downward stress-strain curve, are best evaluated using the tangent modulus on the upper of two distinct straight-line segments. For materials which show creep or extended plastic deformation with no sharp failure, the secant-at-50-percent-strength modulus and modified secant-at-50-percent-strength modulus are the most repeatable.
The significance of buried landscape in subsurface migration of dense non-aqueous phase liquids; the case of perchloroethylene in the Sussex Aquifer, New Brunswick
Authors: Broster B. E. , Pupek D. A.
Published: December 2014

At Sussex, New Brunswick, dissolved perchloroethylene (PCE) as high as 28.0 mu g/liter, was detected within the upper aquifer and in concentrations to 1.6 mu g/liter within the lower aquifer that serves as the main source of municipal water supply. Predominantly formed as an esker ridge, the lower aquifer consists of well-sorted, glaciofluvial/ice-contact, sand and gravel layers mostly confined by underlying till and/or bedrock and an overlying unit of laminated silt-clay glaciolacustrine sediments (middle aquitard). The middle aquitard is in turn overlain by an upper aquifer of variable thickness, extending from a depth of about 18 m to near surface, consisting of coarsening-upward sand and gravel, with occasional lenses of clay, silt and diamicton. A dispersal plume was identified by contouring PCE concentrations from 72 samples from the upper aquifer; PCE was not detected in 16 surface soil samples. The highest concentrations imply that the PCE originated from a surface spill near the urban business center and that subsurface migration was influenced significantly by a buried relict river channel cut into the middle aquitard. Scouring along the channel bottom cut through the middle aquitard and intersected the esker ridge of the underlying water supply aquifer, forming windows through the aquitard. Contamination of the lower aquifer has likely originated from the PCE being drawn through these windows during pumping of a water-supply well that is now out of service. Results indicate that withdrawal rates and placement of original municipal water wells, as well as the stratigraphy, conductivity and topography of subsurface units are controlling factors in Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid migration at this site.
Long-term water quality trends at a sealed, partially flooded underground mine
Authors: Stoertz Mary W. , Hughes Michael L. , Wanner Nathaniel S. , Farley Mitchell E.
Published: December 2014

An abandoned underground coal mine complex in southeastern Ohio was hydraulically sealed in 1980 by a 300-m long subsurface clay dike and mine-entry seals near the down-dip coal outcrop. Clay plugs also were emplaced in separate entries at a higher elevation than the dike. The intent was to flood the mine to decrease acid mine drainage. A few months after construction, an entry-seal clay plug blew out at an elevation corresponding to 85-90 percent inundation, and drains in natural materials supporting the dike began flowing, indicating leakage through or around the dike. Given these early setbacks, the objective of this study was to assess the sealing project after 20 years. Seasonally, inundation can reach 85-90 percent, but high water levels are transient because of leakage. Nevertheless, mine water chemistry indicates partial suppression of pyrite oxidation. Since sealing, mine water pH increased from 2.7 to 5.3, conductivity decreased from 2700 to 600 mu S/cm, and DO is <2 percent saturation. In a stream receiving the mine drainage, acidity and metals concentrations are highest at low flow due to release of stored mine water, but acid and metal loadings are lowest at those times. The improvement in water quality due to sealing is distinguished from annual variance or natural attenuation by using a nearby unsealed mine as a control. Factoring out pre-sealing differences between the two mines, decreases in acidity loading due to sealing are significant, and the sealing project has been beneficial.
The influence of subsidence attributable to coal mining on the environment, development and restoration; some examples from Western Europe and South Africa
Authors: Bell F. G. , Genske D. D.
Published: December 2014

Coal mining has been practised in some parts of the world, notably western Europe, for centuries and this type of mining has evolved over time as mines became deeper and larger. Today coal is worked primarily by room-and-pillar, and by longwall methods. One of the consequences of mining is subsidence, and it is associated with past and present mine workings. Indeed, old abandoned coal mines worked by the room-and-pillar method, which occur at shallow depth, often present a potential hazard as pillars collapse or voids migrate to the surface. Frequently, the situation is compounded by the fact that such workings are unrecorded. Subsidence prediction in such cases is impossible. In longwall mining, the total extraction of panels takes place, the working face being supported, while support is removed from behind the working face allowing the roof to collapse. Subsidence consequent on longwall mining can be regarded as more or less contemporaneous with mining and is normally predictable. This means that it is possible to develop an area after subsidence due to longwall mining has occurred or to incorporate features into the design of buildings and structures that will accommodate ground movements generated by subsidence. The nature of subsidence can be affected by discontinuities in the surface strata or the presence of superficial deposits. Of course, subsidence can adversely affect existing buildings and structures which do not incorporate special design features. In severe cases of subsidence damage, buildings may have to be demolished. Important buildings may be restored. Another problem associated with subsidence is flooding due to notable lowering of the ground surface. Examples of such problems and solutions are highlighted by the examples given.
Debris-flow generation from recently burned watersheds
Authors: Cannon Susan H.
Published: December 2014

Evaluation of the erosional response of 95 recently burned drainage basins in Colorado, New Mexico and southern California to storm rainfall provides information on the conditions that result in fire-related debris flows. Debris flows were produced from only 37 of 95 ( approximately 40 percent) basins examined; the remaining basins produced either sediment-laden streamflow or no discernable response. Debris flows were thus not the prevalent response of the burned basins. The debris flows that did occur were most frequently the initial response to significant rainfall events. Although some hillslopes continued to erode and supply material to channels in response to subsequent rainfall events, debris flows were produced from only one burned basin following the initial erosive event. Within individual basin, debris flows initiated through both runoff and infiltration-triggered processes. The fact that not all burned basins produced debris flows suggests that specific geologic and geomorphic conditions may control the generation of fire-related debris flows. The factors that best distinguish between debris-flow producing drainages and those that produced sediment-laden streamflow are drainage-basin morphology and lithology, and the presence or absence of water-repellent soils. Basins underlain by sedimentary rocks were most likely to produce debris flows that contain large material, and sand- and gravel-dominated flows were generated primarily from terrain underlain by decomposed granite. Basin-area and relief thresholds define the morphologic conditions under which both types of debris flows occur. Debris flows containing large material are more likely to be produced from basins without water-repellent soils than from basins with water repellency. The occurrence of sand-and gravel-dominated debris flows depends on the presence of water-repellent soils.
Utilisation des courbes de thermoluminescence artificielle dans l'etude des series sedimentaires detritiques
Authors: Charlet Jean Marie
Published: December 2014

Laboratory studies on quartz and feldspars, thermal history, Cambrian, polygenetic characteristics
La thermoluminescence des roches metamorphiques; note preliminaire
Authors: McDougall David J.
Published: December 2014

Calcite, quartz and feldspar, relations between thermoluminescence and metamorphic facies, contact metamorphism
Structure de la region situee entre Quillan et le Pech de Bugarach (Corbieres occidentales)
Authors: Gelard Jean Pierre
Published: December 2014

Northern and southern overthrusts, structural discordance, Jurassic and Cretaceous formations, France
Sur l'existence d'un ravinement entre autunien et saxonien dans le Detroit de Rodez et ses consequences sur le comportement geochimique de certains elements en traces (Cu, U)
Authors: Fuchs Yves , Pinaud Claude
Published: December 2014

Lower-middle Permian boundary, south France
Biozonation de l'Eocene nord-aquitain
Authors: Ducasse Odette
Published: December 2014

Tertiary ostracods, microfaunal lists, southwest France
L'unite du Koudiat Mesbah; flysch allochtone d'age senono-nummulitique des versants meridionaux du Chenoua et du cap Tenes
Authors: Lepvrier Claude
Published: December 2014

Cretaceous-lower Tertiary stratigraphy, structural analyses, relationship to Albian-Aptian and Tithonian-Neocomian flysch units, Tipasa-Tenes region, Algeria
Le volcanisme dinantien dans la partie orientale du bassin de Chateaulin; region de Saint-Martin-des-Pres, Allineuc (Cotes-du-Nord)
Authors: Sagon Jean Paul
Published: December 2014

Lower Carboniferous basaltic and rhyolitic rocks, petrography, genesis, relation to Hercynian orogeny, Breton phase, tabulated chemical and modal analytical data, Brittany, France
Sur la presence de diabases amphiboliques entre Marbella et Benalmadena (Cordilleres betiques internes, Espagne)
Authors: Biot Jean Paul
Published: December 2014

Veins in gneiss and mica schist, petrography, common origin, slight magmatic differentiation, crystallization sequence, tabulated chemical and modal analytical data
Nouveaux bryozoaires de la famille des Farciminariidae du Tertiaire aquitain
Authors: Labracherie Monique
Published: December 2014

Nellia petila n. sp., Nellia (Mediosola) stricta n. subgen. n. sp., Curvacella aquitana n. gen. n. sp., France
Methode de determination graphique des directions de raccourcissement, d'allongement et intermediaire d'une population de failles
Authors: Arthaud Francois
Published: December 2014

Geometric properties of deformed rock, comparison between observed deformation and theoretical models, examples from France
La nappe du Blaser et son substratum (region du Brenner, Tyrol, Autriche)
Authors: Geyssant Jacques
Published: December 2014

Tectonics, interpretation, structural analysis, alpine structure
Sur la tectonique de la region de Spoleto (Ombrie, Italie)
Authors: Dufour Thierry
Published: December 2014

Overthrust of 5 km, folded series, analogous structures in the region
Sur la geologie de l'Egee; regard sur le Dodecanese meridional (Kasos; Karpathos; Rhodes)
Authors: Aubouin Jean , Dercourt Jean
Published: December 2014

Autochthon similar to Gavrovo, allochthonous series similar to Pindus, longitudinal evolution towards the Dinarides, Greece
La position des Alpes carniques dans l'orogene alpin et le probleme de la limite alpino-dinarique
Authors: Argyriadis Ion
Published: December 2014

Orogenic movements, nappes of Alpine age, types of structural domains, extent of orogeny
Etude geologique de l'ile de Gavdos (Grece), la plus meridionale de l'Europe
Authors: Vicente Jean-Claude
Published: December 2014

Flysch, pelagic deposition, Maestrichtian, Danian, ophiolites, metamorphism, tectonics
Sur l'importance des recouvrements aux confins de la Dalmatie moyenne et de la Bosnie-Herzegovine sud-occidentale (Yougoslavie)
Authors: Chorowicz Jean
Published: December 2014

Dinarides, lithostratigraphy, overthrusts, 40 km, Mesozoic and Tertiary
Les gres rouges au sommet du Paleozoique du massif du Sultan Dag et les niveaux ferrallitiques de la couverture mesozoique (Nord-Est du Taurus occidental, Turquie); analyses chimiques et mineralogiques, Signification paleogeographique
Authors: Desprairies Alain , Gutnic Marcel
Published: December 2014

Continental detrital facies, lateritic paleosols, mineral composition, chemical composition, paleogeographic interpretation
Structures majeures et correlations stratigraphiques dans les Taurides occidentales
Authors: Brunn Jan H. , Graciansky Pierre-Charles de , Gutnic Marcel , Juteau Thierry , Lefevre Roger , Marcoux Jean , Monod Olivier , Poisson Andre
Published: December 2014

Tectonics, sedimentary rocks, metamorphism, nappes, biostratigraphy, Turkey
Sur les etapes de la transgression du Miocene inferieur observee dans les fenetres de Goecek (Sud-Ouest de la Turquie)
Authors: Graciansky Pierre Charles de , Lorenz Claude , Magne Jean
Published: December 2014

Autochthonous series, paleosols, foraminifera, lithostratigraphy, unconformities
Sur la stratigraphie et la paleobiologie de la serie permo-carbonifere du Dacht-e-Nawar (Afghanistan)
Authors: Lapparent Albert F. de , Termier Henri , Termier Genevieve
Published: December 2014

Biostratigraphy, sedimentary rocks, ages, correlation, continental drift
Sur la nature et la delimitation des nappes de charriage dans la partie nord de la "region sparagmitique" de Norvege meridionale (Caledonides externes)
Authors: Prost Andre
Published: December 2014

Upper Precambrian lithostratigraphy and facies, lower Cambrian transgression, folding and overthrusting, extent
Les quartzites Botella et leur faune trilobitique; le probleme de la limite Llandeilien-Caradocien en Sierra Morena
Authors: Carre Daniel , Henry Jean-Louis , Poupon Ginette , Tamain Guy
Published: December 2014

Similarities to Ordovician trilobite associations from May Sandstone, Normandy, France, lithofacies, Spain
L'unite du San Cristobal, nouvel element ultra-penibetique au niveau du corridor de Boyar (province de Cadix, Espagne)
Authors: Bourgois Jacques
Published: December 2014

Stratigraphic and structural unit, flysch, Cretaceous, overthrust, Mollusca and foraminifera
L'Eocene de la region de Tafresh (Nord-Ouest de l'Iran central)
Authors: Flandrin Jacques , Hadjian Javod
Published: December 2014

Transgression, unconformity with upper Cretaceous, 3000 m thick, marine sediments and volcanics, Ypresian to upper Priabonian, foraminifera, Ostracoda
Le metamorphisme de contact de la bauxite de Bedarieux et quelques aspects generaux du metamorphisme des bauxites
Authors: Bardossy Gyoergy , Mesko Laszlo , Panto Gyoergy , Sajgo Csanad
Published: December 2014

Samples from contact with basaltic dike, comparison of metamorphic bauxite of Antrim, northern Ireland and Remeti, Romania, geochemical study, France
Nouveaux gisements de Vertebres dans le bassin tertiaire d'Ales (Gard)
Authors: Hartenberger Jean-Louis , Sige Bernard , Sudre Jean , Vianey-Liaud Monique
Published: December 2014

Oligocene, several groups of birds, rodents, reptiles and insectivores, continental biostratigraphy, France
Distribution verticale des Charophytes dans l'Eocene du Minervois
Authors: Feist-Castel Monique
Published: December 2014

Morphologic evolution of Tectochara thaleri and Harrisichara bressoni, paleogeography, France
Sur un profil des Dinarides, de l'Adriatique (Split-Omis, Dalmatie) au Bassin pannonique, (Banja Luka-Doboj, Bosnie)
Authors: Blanchet Rene
Published: December 2014

Dalmatian Zone, Upper Karst Zone, Prekarstic Subzone, Bosniac Zone, Serbian Zone, tectonics, stratigraphy, paleogeography, Yugoslavia
Essai de definition des zones internes des Dinarides en Macedoine (Yougoslavie)
Authors: Bulle Jacques , Rollet Michel
Published: December 2014

Pelagonides, Vardar Zone with three subzones, Serbo-Macedonian Massif, magmatism, tectonics, stratigraphy
A propos des series allochtones a l'Est du Parnasse (Grece continentale)
Authors: Clement Bernard
Published: December 2014

Dynamic evolution of tectonics, tangential with nappe and vertical cutting nappe in massifs parallel to Neogene plains
Correlation des phases tectogenetiques et magmatiques alpines dans les Dinarides
Authors: Ciric Branislav
Published: December 2014

Magmatism follows tectogenesis, Triassic-Holocene phases
Apercu geologique des Dinarides aux environs du meridien de Sarajevo
Authors: Charvet Jacques
Published: December 2014

Five stratigraphic-tectonic zones, Triassic-Eocene, foraminifera and other microfossils, correlations, Yugoslavia
La serie stratigraphique des Richat; comparaison avec l'Adrar de Mauritanie (Sahara occidental)
Authors: Deynoux Max , Trompette Roland
Published: December 2014

Two series, lower Paleozoic and Precambrian, unconformity, clastics, correlation
Caracteres structuraux, petrographiques et geochimiques de la mobilisation syntectonique dans les gneiss du Precambrien de l'Aleksod (Ahaggar oriental, Sahara central)
Authors: Bertrand Jean-Michel L.
Published: December 2014

Migmatitic gneiss, two units locally, different compositions, anatexis with phase separation
Etude de la structure du dome de Guier (Senegal nord-occidental)
Authors: Trenous Jean-Yves , Michel Pierre
Published: December 2014

Faulted anticline
Une nouvelle espece de Diplomystus (Poisson teleosteen) dans le Cretace superieur du Sud tunisien
Authors: Gaudant Mireille , Gaudant Jean
Published: December 2014

D. solignaci, morphology, skeleton, taxonomy
Une nouvelle Acetabulariacee tertiaire; rostroporella oviformis n. g., n. sp. (Algue calcaire)
Authors: Segonzac Genevieve
Published: December 2014

Algae, description, Thanetian, Sparnacian, Pyrenees
Variations lithologiques et correlations stratigraphiques dans le Lias moyen et superieur de Barles et du Plateau de Chine (Alpes de Haute-Provence)
Authors: Coadou Alain , Beaudoin Bernard , Mouterde Rene
Published: December 2014

Lateral evolution, lesser thickness and fewer facies, chronostratigraphy, ammonites, France
Contribution a l'etude sedimentologique et paleogeographique des sables de l'Oligocene du bassin de Paris
Authors: Riveline-Bauer Janine
Published: December 2014

Fontainebleau Sandstone, heavy minerals, two associations (from Cretaceous and Eocene terranes), Stampian Gulf, platforms
Mise en evidence des biocoenoses, faunes deplacees et paleothanatocoenoses de Foraminiferes benthiques sur un plateau continental; applications a la zone ouest-Gironde (golfe de Gascogne)
Authors: Pujos Michel
Published: December 2014

Criteria, ecology, communities
Le Cretace inferieur des Monts de Batna (Aures); lithologie et premieres observations lithostratigraphiques
Authors: Bureau Dominique
Published: December 2014

Outcrops, lithology, sections, facies, paleogeography
Les bois fossiles du Dalaat el Admia (region de Tindouf, Algerie)
Authors: Gevin Pierre , Koeniguer Jean-Claude , Lemoigne Yves
Published: December 2014

Ablation reg surface, eolian, pre-Hamadian age, Tertiary (Paleocene-upper Miocene), angiosperms
Les paleoflores de la region d'Ambo (Ethiopie)
Authors: Beauchamp Jacques , Lemoigne Yves
Published: December 2014

Silicified wood, in red beds, Dadoxylon amboensis n.sp., similar to gymnosperms of upper Jurassic of Europe, upper Tertiary
Sur les roches pyroclastiques au Nord du Dacht-e-Nawar (Afghanistan); les quartz et leurs inclusions vitreuses
Authors: Boutiere Andre , Clocchiatti Robert
Published: December 2014

Quaternary, chemical composition of inclusions, magmatic origin
Les Ostracodes du Quaternaire recent de la region de Capbreton; interet climatique et paleogeographique
Authors: Moyes Jean , Peypouquet Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2014

Thanatocenosis, cold, and coastal, algae
Mise en evidence d'une instabilite orogenique au Namurien inferieur entre les vallees du Guir et de la Zousfana (Bassin de Bechar, Sahara nord-occidental)
Authors: Pareyn Claude , Conrad Georges , Conrad Jacqueline , Lemosquet Yves
Published: December 2014

Homoceras Zone, lower Tagnana Formation, sandstone, marine sedimentation (goniatites and foraminifera), limestone, paleokarst, channels, conglomerate, pteridophytes, faults
L'Oligocene et le Miocene inferieur en Sicile centro-occidentale
Authors: Blondeau Alphonse , Lorenz Claude , Magne Jean , Mascle Georges
Published: December 2014

Biostratigraphy, foraminifera, Pisces, Bryozoa, Echinodermata
Sur le Jurassique et le Cretace du Band-e-Turkestan (Afghanistan du Nord-Ouest)
Authors: Lapparent Albert F. de , Stocklin Jovan
Published: December 2014

Vertebrate footprints, foraminifera, faults, shale, sandstone
Les sediments du precontinent armoricain
Authors: Hommeril Pierre , Larsonneur Claude , Pinot Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2014

Composition, distribution, shelf, algae
Etude geologique du canyon Gascogne I
Authors: Moyes Jean , Caralp Michelle , Gonthier Eliane , Klingebiel Andre , Latouche Claude , Prud'homme Robert , Vigneaux Michel
Published: December 2014

Planktonic foraminifera, C-14, thalwegs, ostracods, sediments
Le sillon slovene; les formations terrigenes cretacees des unites externes au Nord-Est de Tolmin (Slovenie occidentale)
Authors: Caron Michele , Cousin Michel
Published: December 2014

Stratigraphy (foraminifera), tectonics
La transgression majeure du Paleozoique inferieur dans le Nord-Est du massif Armoricain
Authors: Dore Francis
Published: December 2014

Archaeocyatha, trilobites, algae, Porifera, sedimentary cycles
Homologies geologiques entre les deux rives du detroit de Gibraltar
Authors: Didon Jean , Durand-Delga Michel , Kornprobst Jacques
Published: December 2014

Detailed geology, microfossils, petrology
Les olistostromes d'age miocene inferieur lies aux flyschs allochtones kabyles de l'orogene alpin d'Algerie
Authors: Bouillin Jean-Pierre , Durand-Delga Michel , Gelard Jean-Pierre , Leikine Michel , Raoult Jean-Francois , Raymond Daniel , Tefiani Mohammed , Vila Jean-Marie
Published: December 2014

Detrital sediments, foraminifera
Etude geologique d'un secteur des zones helleniques internes subpelagonienne et pelagonienne (massif de l'Othrys-Grece continentale). Importance et signification de la periode orogenique ante-Cretace superieur
Authors: Ferriere Jacky
Published: December 2014

Foraminifera, Radiolaria, conodonts
Etude geochimique des elements en traces dans les series de roches volcaniques du rift d'Asal; identification et analyse des processus d'accretion
Authors: Joron J. L. , Treuil M. , Jaffrezic H. , Villemant B.
Published: December 2014

Study of samples of the main volcanic units of the Afar rift, from margins to late axial series, have yielded the following conclusions: 1) the magmatic liquids are strongly differentiated by a fractional crystallization process in shallow chambers, the evolution of which is limited by injection of new primary liquids as shown in the latest axial series; 2) primary liquids are generated by melting of a homogeneous mantle source, a process whereby successive partial melting in a closed system is stopped by percolation of the generated liquid. The degrees of partial melting are closely related to spreading rates; 3) the magmatic processes involve a discontinuous dynamic evolution of spreading displayed by a pulsatory magmato-tectonic activity which is controlled by the speed of decompression of mantle material.
Particularites chimiques et mineralogiques de la serie meta-evaporitique du gisement de pyrite de Niccioleta, Toscane, Italie
Authors: Dechomets Roland
Published: December 2014

The chemical composition of the meta-evaporitic series of Niccioleta is similar (evaporitic rocks excepted) to that of the common mica schist series. However, the sheet silicates have recorded the evaporitic nature of the sedimentation. Only the schist layers in the anhydrite rocks have relatively high Mg and B contents. Electron microprobe analysis proved that muscovites are more phengitic and more magnesian in the evaporitic rocks than in the schists. Small amounts of Mg-bearing chlorites and phlogopites are associated with the phengites (which contain micro-inclusions of tourmaline, rich in dravite). The sedimentary origin of the magnesian character is discussed, the magnesian aggradations of illites are the main factor; typical minerals of evaporite-bearing sediments, like smectites and corrensites do not appear in large quantities. The P-T conditions of regional metamorphism are postulated as 2-3 kbar and 400-450 degrees C.
Sodium selenite as a new rodenticide
Authors: Jokic Goran , Vuksa Marina , Djedovic Suzana , Scepovic Tanja , Jacevic Vesna , Stojnic Bojan
Published: December 2014

Rodents are the most destructive group of small mammalian pests considering
the overall damage that they cause by feeding and other activities, or as
vectors of many disease agents. In practice, chemical rodenticides have been
the most widespread and most effective method of control of commensal (Mus
musculus, Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) and most harmful field rodent
pests (Apodemus sylvaticus, A. agrarius and Microtus arvalis). After
anticoagulant and vitamin D3 rodenticides, which were introduced worldwide in
the 1980s, no other chemical compound has had a comparable role as a
rodenticide in practice. In the past decade, commercial baits containing 0.1%
sodium selenite have also been registered in Serbia in various formulations
both for controlling rodents indoors and in the field. Data on sodium
selenite as a rodenticide have been scarce. The present paper surveys
research data reported so far, analyzing and drawing conclusions regarding
the validity and feasibility of sodium selenite as a method of rodent control
with reference to the available ecotoxicological data.
Reproduction of confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on common and spelt wheat and their products
Authors: Almasi Radmila , Posloncec Danijela
Published: December 2014

The interest in spelt wheat production has grown in recent years but there is
hardly any information on pest development on that wheat species in
storehouses. The influence of common and spelt wheat and their products on
the reproduction and offspring of confused flour beetles Tribolium confusum
Du Val was studied under laboratory conditions (22-25?C and 40-60% RH). The
experiment was carried out in four replications with four, 10 and 20 insects
over a period of six months. The reproduction of confused flour beetles
significantly varied depending on the wheat species and product. The highest
reproduction rate was recorded on spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.). The
greatest number of offspring beetles appeared on spelt wheat flour (23469).
The number of offspring beetles was higher on common (7044) than on spelt
wheat kernels (5469). No offspring developed on common wheat pasta while only
4 young beetles were found on spelt wheat pasta. Offspring numbers increased
with storage period up to a point but further on they depended on insect
number. The number of insects increased over the first four months but
decreased later on and the mortality rate was higher. Initial population
density affected the offspring numbers but offspring numbers did not rise
proportionally with the rising initial population density. Considering the
species of wheat, higher mortality was recorded in common wheat. Regarding
the type of product, the highest mortality was recorded in pasta, then in
kernels and the lowest in flour. The paper shows that confused flour beetles
develop extremely well on spelt wheat, even better than on common wheat which
is widely grown in Serbia.
Assessment of microbial activity and biomass in different soils exposed to nicosulfuron
Authors: Santric Ljiljana , Radivojevic Ljiljana , Umiljendic Gajic , Djurovic-Pejcev Rada , Saric-Krsmanovic Marija
Published: December 2014

The effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on the abundance of cellulolytic
and proteolytic microorganisms, activity of ?-glucosidase and protease
enzymes, and microbial phosphorus biomass were examined. A laboratory
bioassay was set up on two types of agricultural soils differing in
physicochemical properties. The following concentrations were tested: 0.3,
0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg a.i./kg of soil. Samples were collected 3, 7, 14, 30 and
45 days after treatment with nicosulfuron. The results showed that
nicosulfuron significantly reduced the abundance of cellulolytic
microorganisms in both soils, as well as microbial biomass phosphorus in
sandy loam soil. The herbicide was found to stimulate ?-glucosidase and
protease activity in both types of soil and microbial biomass phosphorus in
loamy soil. Proteolytic microorganisms remained unaffected by nicosulfuron.
Glulam beams reinforced with FRP strips and their application in architecture
Authors: Solarov Radivoj , Glisic Milan
Published: December 2014

This paper emphasizes the advantage of using carbon polymers while producing
and strengthening glulam beams. Due to advanced research carried out in this
field, the first application of carbon polymers based products was
implemented in Western countries. Structural elements containing carbon
polymers, or being reinforced by them, show higher resistance and durability
properties, as well as the ability to be produced in various shapes. These
features can find best application in architecture so the architects?
imagination in design could be realized. Many attractive buildings were
constructed over the last decade, each of them showing exceptional safety,
resistance to atmospheric influences, durability and cost-efficiency. Beside
application of carbon polymers in the construction of new buildings, they are
even more important in the field of historic heritage restoration. The
original research carried out on ten samples in the laboratory is presented
in the second part of the paper. Position of the reinforcement on the samples
was chosen as it would be done in practical retrofit cases. Deformations of
the samples exposed to pure bending were measured, so their behaviour in the
elastic range could be analysed based on the results. Measured results were
compared to those calculated by using FEM model, developed with software
package AxisVM. Based on performed analysis, the conclusion was made that by
strengthening timber glulam beams with FRP strips, the simple and efficient
static load bearing capacity upgrade is gained.
The geometry of trifocal curves with applications in architecture, urban and spatial planning
Authors: Petrovic Maja , Banjac Bojan , Malesevic Branko
Published: December 2014

In this paper we consider historical genesis of trifocal curve as an optimal
curve for solving the Fermat?s problem (minimizing the sum of distance of one
point to three given points in the plane). Trifocal curves are basic plane
geometric forms which appear in location problems. We also analyze algebraic
equation of these curves and some of their applications in architecture,
urbanism and spatial planning. The area and perimeter of trifocal curves are
calculated using a Java application. The Java applet is developed for
determining numerical value for the Fermat-Torricelli-Weber point and optimal
curve with three foci, when starting points are given on an urban map. We
also present an application of trifocal curves through the analysis of one
specific solution in South Stream gas pipeline project.
Early Childhood Gut Microbiomes Show Strong Geographic Differences Among Subjects at High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Kemppainen Kaisa M. , Ardissone Alexandria N. , Davis-Richardson Austin G. , Fagen Jennie R. , Gano Kelsey A. , León-Novelo Luis G. , Vehik Kendra , Casella George , Simell Olli , Ziegler Anette G. , Rewers Marian J. , Lernmark Åke , Hagopian William , She Jin-Xiong , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Akolkar Beena , Schatz Desmond A. , Atkinson Mark A. , Triplett Eric W. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE

Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes. This pilot study determines how geographical location affects the microbiome of infants at high risk for type 1 diabetes in a population of homogenous HLA class II genotypes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was performed on stool samples collected from 90 high-risk, nonautoimmune infants participating in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study in the U.S., Germany, Sweden, and Finland.

RESULTS

Study site–specific patterns of gut colonization share characteristics across continents. Finland and Colorado have a significantly lower bacterial diversity, while Sweden and Washington state are dominated by Bifidobacterium in early life. Bacterial community diversity over time is significantly different by geographical location.

CONCLUSIONS

The microbiome of high-risk infants is associated with geographical location. Future studies aiming to identify the microbiome disease phenotype need to carefully consider the geographical origin of subjects.