bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of a WhatsApp Record for Communication With Students
Authors: Chiuswa Leslie , Sibanda Alex
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of WhatsApp usage in disseminating information to students at the Management, Zimbabwe Open University's Mashonaland West Regional Campus. This study employed a mixed methodology wherein both the qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires were distributed to students through WhatsApp groups for all faculties. A total of 255 questionnaires were distributed to students through the existing WhatsApp groups. Of the distributed questionnaires, 128 were returned, and of these, 69 were usable for data analysis. The study revealed that the majority of students utilize WhatsApp for communication with the university. The other finding was that WhatsApp communication was characterized by data bundle costs and internet connectivity challenges. The study recommended that there be a WhatsApp policy and widening of the use for teaching and learning.
When Worlds Collide
Authors: McDonald C. Peeper
Published: July 2021

This chapter will equip any person with culturally responsive practices to engage with a multiracial student or family. Relevant literature and research on the multiracial population will be provided, including multiracial identity development models and common microaggressions that often occur within this population. Using fictitious case examples, common culturally insensitive mistakes will be reviewed. Through these case examples and follow-up questions to support critical thinking, the reader will clearly see the culturally insensitive practices that often occur with the multiracial population and ways to change language, interactions, and even documentation to support cultural responsiveness and interventions. The conclusion of the chapter summarizes key points and reminders when working with the multiracial population and serves as a “call to action” for readers to act as agents of change in educational settings by supporting and advocating for inclusivity and research-based, culturally responsive practices.
Don't Touch My Hair
Authors: Oling-Sisay Mary
Published: July 2021

Myriad studies on service-learning agree on the benefits of service-learning for students. Because projects are designed with the needs of students and institutions in mind, the experiences of the Black communities served are seldom highlighted nor are the intricacies of the multiple relationships addressed. Voices of marginalized groups especially the Black communities—the community that is the focus of this chapter—needs to be incorporated in authentic and intentional ways to advance transformational service-learning for all involved. This chapter begins to examine issues and opportunities for best case scenarios for service-learning projects in Black communities.
Culturally Responsive Teaching to Empower Indigenous Student Communities
Authors: Pinto-López Ingrid N. , Montaudon-Tomas Cynthia M. , Muñoz-Ortiz Marisol , Montaudon -Tomas Ivonne M.
Published: July 2021

This chapter presents an example of culturally responsive teaching, CRT, in a private university in Puebla, Mexico. The university developed a program to integrate indigenous students into higher education programs promoting personal development and community growth. CRT has been used as a methodology that promotes inclusion in the classroom, helping students connect their cultural backgrounds in the new context. In the study, focus groups were conducted and students' narratives were collected based on their personal experiences during their stay at the university. Additionally, the CRT Survey was applied to a sample of professors who taught indigenous students in their courses.
Digital Storytelling as a Culturally Responsive Instructional Strategy for Pacific Islanders in Guam and Micronesia
Authors: Stoicovy Catherine E. , Rivera Matilda Naputi
Published: July 2021

This article explores the use of digital storytelling as a culturally responsive instructional strategy for Pacific Island students on the islands of Guam and Micronesia in the Western Pacific. A major feature of Pacific Island cultures is their orality; therefore, building on the oral tradition through digital storytelling might be one way to optimize language and literacy learning for Pacific Island students in Guam classrooms. The article also describes an accessible and easy-to-use model for digital storytelling using PowerPoint that teachers can use to implement digital storytelling in the classroom.
Using Postmodernism to Effectively Teach in Diverse Settings
Authors: Nordgren Rollin D.
Published: July 2021

The challenges brought to classrooms are often exacerbated by a mismatch between teachers' cultural backgrounds and those of their students. This incongruity can be overcome through the use of culturally responsive teaching practices and the integration of culturally relevant curriculum. This chapter suggest the adoption of a postmodern mindset can also aid teachers in meeting the needs of all their students, particularly those with differing life experiences from their own. The author uses a postmodern framework for education that is adopted from Finland and aligns this with the tenets of culturally responsive teaching and also suggests the framework's alignment to culturally relevant curriculum.
Care and Cultural Responsiveness of Online College Courses
Authors: Heitner Keri L. , Sherman Kenneth C. , Jennings Miranda E.
Published: July 2021

The chapter is a review and critique of the appropriateness of current approaches and a sample of current criteria used to evaluate the quality of online courses at the postsecondary level and care and cultural responsiveness. Based on the review, the authors suggest modifications of existing criteria and additional criteria appropriate to assessing and evaluating care and cultural responsiveness of online courses. The chapter concludes with suggestions for best practices for applying these preliminary criteria and suggestions for further research.
Multicultural Critical Consciousness
Authors: Moore Maia Niguel , Smith Michele D.
Published: July 2021

Students across America are observing as racial and cultural tensions rise to what some argue are reminiscent of the Jim Crow south. This chapter will explore how caring can be demonstrated to address cultural conflict in the classroom by training multiculturally conscious student affairs staff and educators to teach and model multicultural critical consciousness to their students. Furthermore, the authors will provide practical strategies for educators to use by drawing from and extending upon current culturally responsive pedagogy practiced in PreK-20 education and explore the ways in which multicultural critical consciousness can be used as a tool to promote a recursive process of self-reflection, cultural awareness, advocacy, and learning among students from all grade levels.
Misconceptions About ELLs
Authors: Christoun Lara , Wang Jun
Published: July 2021

A growing number of American students are English language learners (ELLs) who speak another language other than English. By 2030, the percentage of students who speak a language other than English is expected to increase substantially. Unfortunately, general education teachers often do not feel prepared to teach ELLs in their classrooms or even hold negative attitudes toward ELLs included in their classrooms. As a result, ELLs are being underserved and continually experience lower achievement. This chapter summarizes several important misconceptions related to the teaching practices of general education teachers for ELLs based on the current literature. The authors then make recommendations for practicing teachers about culturally responsive strategies for ELLs in classrooms. Finally, they conclude with remarks regarding the mindset school communities should offer ELLs.
Using Culturally Responsive Teaching and Data-Driven Instruction in Mathematics to Create Equity and Equality
Authors: Porter Pamela D.
Published: July 2021

The diverse nature of school populations in current education requires teaching that not only considers the differences in their students, but how their own practices have an impact on a student's ability to learn content. Traditional Eurocentric models of education are not relevant to the lives of racially culturally ethnically linguistically diverse students, thus creating barriers to learning for students who do not fit neatly into categories of Black or White. For the academic environment to be accessible for all students, classroom instruction must become culturally aligned. This may be somewhat of a challenge given that classroom teachers are ill-prepared to meet the needs of RCELD students in math education. Teachers are faced with the critical challenge of creating learning environments that bridge the gap between culture and curriculum with appropriate strategies and resources, while all the while adhering to state and federal standards. This chapter explores using culturally responsive teaching to teach mathematics.
Developing the Culturally Responsive Teacher
Authors: Jobe Morgan M. , Wertzberger Eileen M. , Taylor Kay Ann
Published: July 2021

This chapter will use autoethnography to provide a comprehensive look at culturally responsive teaching by exploring three different perspectives at different stages in education: (1) the white female high school English teacher working with teens, (2) the Puerto Rican female undergraduate instructor working with pre-service teachers, and (3) the white female graduate professor working with in-service teachers. Collectively, the three perspectives will share experiences through storytelling about culturally responsive teaching as necessary practice in preparation for classroom teaching, emphasizing the need for more intentional instruction on race, culture, and ethnicity in teacher preparation programs. Ultimately, this chapter will demonstrate that culturally responsive teaching evolves over a teacher's lifetime, and to be truly transformative, culturally responsive teachers must adapt to the culture and contexts of their students.
Teacher Induction in Culturally, Ethnically, or Linguistically Diverse Settings
Authors: Kozikoğlu İshak
Published: July 2021

The first year in teaching is a special period, and beginning teachers face many challenges in induction period. Current demographic changes all around the world bring about an increasingly diverse student population with different cultural, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds. The purpose of this chapter is to explicate teacher induction in culturally, ethically, or linguistically diverse settings. Accordingly, teacher induction is clarified within the framework of culturally responsive teaching. As the concern of education is to be responsive to students' diverse cultural or linguistic backgrounds in culturally responsive teaching, it is considered to be appropriate pedagogy for beginning teachers in diverse settings. Furthermore, beginning teachers' relationships in the learning community and larger society have great importance in induction period. Therefore, this chapter aims to clarify the scope of beginning teachers' relations with students, parents, and larger society in culturally diverse settings.
Student Teachers' Experiences of Cultural Diversity During Student Teaching
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulsalami , Johnson Shirley
Published: July 2021

Multicultural education and culturally responsive pedagogy training should be within the core curriculum and begin in teacher preparation programs. This could be accomplished by providing opportunities for teacher candidates to research and acquire knowledge regarding cultural characteristics and cultural contributions of diverse students, pedagogy, instructional strategies, methods, and resources that support diverse student populations. This chapter presents the results of a mixed-method study that examined student teachers' perceptions and understanding of culturally responsive pedagogy and instructional strategies observed and utilized in classrooms during student teaching in diverse classrooms. Findings revealed that student teachers were inexperienced in terms of being culturally responsive educators. The authors suggest that educators engage student teachers in class projects within the scope of culturally responsive practices. The chapter concludes with a list of reflection questions for K through 20 educators.
Green Smart Building
Authors: Pramanik Pijush Kanti Dutta , Mukherjee Bulbul , Pal Saurabh , Pal Tanmoy , Singh Simar Preet
Published: July 2021

Non-sustainable buildings have threatened the ecosystem globally. In this chapter, a comprehensive discussion on the green and smart building is presented, considering how the buildings are made green and smart and how they support in developing sustainable cities. Though smart buildings are the positive catalyst towards sustainability, the excessive use of electronic devices puts a check in attaining the overall green goal. This chapter suggests merging green and smart technologies to have green smart building (GSB) with the aim of offering the populations a smart and eco-friendly living. Promises and challenges in attaining this goal are meticulously explored. The GSB concept is discussed in detail, suitably supported with the architectural models of overall and the various components of a GSB. The communication architecture is also presented emphasizing on various entities and activities in different levels of communication between various digital components of a GSB. A few cases have been presented showing practical applications of green and smart technologies in buildings.
IMPRESS BIM Methodology and Software Tools (iBIMm) for Façade Retrofitting Using Prefabricated Concrete Panels
Authors: Cabrera Adalberto Guerra , Ntimos Dimitrios , Purshouse Nick , Gallagher Shirley
Published: July 2021

IMPRESS is a H2020 funded project that has developed prefabricated façade panels to reduce building energy demand. In order to accelerate and optimise the retrofit process, IMPRESS has developed an iterative design methodology (IDM), which incorporates all stages of the design-construct-install-operate process and aims to bring energy efficiency as early as possible in the design process. Three software tools have been developed for this purpose: (1) an online decision support software (DSS), to inform decision-making on which panel type is suitable for the building; (2) an interoperable data exchange server (IDES) to allow exchange of information related to the design, construction, installation and operation of the facade; and (3) an online management platform (OMP) for coordination through all stages. The merger of the design methodology and software tools is called IMPRESS BIM methodology (iBIMm) which enables design teams to make informed decisions based on building information models and provides a platform to monitor its performance during the operation stage.
Evaluating the Environmental Impact Score of a Residential Building Using Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Sakhlecha Manish , Bajpai Samir , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Buildings consume major amount of energy as well as natural resources leading to negative environmental impacts like resource depletion and pollution. The current task for the construction sector is to develop an evaluation tool for rating of buildings based on their environmental impacts. There are various assessment tools and models developed by different agencies in different countries to evaluate building's effect on environment. Although these tools have been successfully used and implemented in the respective regions of their origin, the problems of application occur, especially during regional adaptation in other countries due to peculiarities associated with the specific geographic location, climatic conditions, construction methods and materials. India is a rapidly growing economy with exponential increase in housing sector. Impact assessment model for a residential building has been developed based on life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. The life cycle impact assessment score was obtained for a sample house considering fifteen combinations of materials paired with 100% thermal electricity and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination, applying normalization and weighting to the LCA results. The LCA score of portland slag cement with burnt clay red brick and 70%-30% thermal-solar combination (PSC+TS+RB) was found to have the best score and ordinary Portland cement with flyash brick and 100% thermal power (OPC+T+FAB) had the worst score, showing the scope for further improvement in LCA model to include positive scores for substitution of natural resources with industrial waste otherwise polluting the environment.
Climate Change in the Built Environment
Authors: Gibberd Jeremy T.
Published: July 2021

Despite a growing awareness of climate change, there is little evidence that this is being addressed in cities and built environments. Events such as flooding in Houston, USA; landslides in Free Town, Sierra Leone; and water shortages in La Paz, Bolivia and Cape Town in South Africa demonstrate that it is increasingly important that climate change is understood and addressed in built environments to ensure that they become more resilient. This chapter introduces climate change and outlines the implications of this for built environments. It describes measures that can be incorporated into built environments to enable them to adapt to projected climate changes. Understanding climate change and preparing for this by developing built environments that are more resilient will be an increasingly valuable and important skill. Reading this chapter will support the development and refinement of skills and knowledge in this area and it is an essential reference for built environment students and practitioners.
Green Finance for Sustainable Global Growth
Authors: Ojo-Fafore Elizabeth Motunrayo , Aigbavboa Clinton , Thwala Wellington , Remaru Pretty
Published: July 2021

Green buildings have become one of the most famous and fastest growing construction concepts. As the world is becoming environmentally viable, all investors and contractual workers will need to know the figures of green financing and if the dangers of contributing are justified regardless of the arrival sum. This chapter aims to compare green building and conventional building using the cost differences and economy impact to ascertain the benefits of green building over the conventional building of green building. Data was collected through questionnaire survey from 50 construction professionals. The result of this chapter shows that green buildings are more expensive than conventional buildings; however, the benefits accrue from green building makes green building cheaper in the long run.
Eco-Friendly Construction
Authors: Waghmode Meghmala S. , Gunjal Aparna B. , Bhujbal Namdeo N. , Patil Neha N. , Nawani Neelu N.
Published: July 2021

Increase in urbanization leads to more construction of houses, dams, and streets. Reduction of the global warming effects can be carried out by recycling of construction material and searching for eco-friendly construction material. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced with the help of construction material which requires less energy for their production. The concept of eco-friendly construction is based on biomimetic (i.e., finding natural material with potential of endurance and self-cleaning properties). Construction materials like Portland cement and concrete can be replaced by eco-friendly biocement and bioconcrete. Production of biocement and bioconcrete can be done by using plants, algae, and bacteria. Use of less cement in concrete leads to less pollution. Concrete is the mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water. By addition of pozzolan in concrete, the requirement of cement will be reduced. In the current review, major emphasis is given to eco-friendly construction material.
Intelligent Network Layer for Cyber-Physical Systems Security
Authors: Chaganti Rajasekhar , Gupta Deepti , Vemprala Naga
Published: July 2021

The cyber-physical system (CPS) has made tremendous progress in recent years and also disrupting technical fields ranging from health, transportation, industries, and more. However, CPS security is still one of the concerns for wide adoption owing to the high number of devices connecting to the internet and the traditional security solutions may not be suitable to protect the advanced, application-specific attacks. This paper presents a programmable device network layer architecture to combat attacks and efficient network monitoring in heterogeneous environment CPS applications. The authors leverage industrial control systems (ICS) to discuss the existing issues, highlighting the importance of advanced network layers for CPS. The programmable data plane language (P4) is introduced to detect well known HELLO flood attacks with minimal effort in the network level and show that programmable switches are suitable to implement security solutions in CPS applications.
Longitudinal Quantitative Ultrasonic Analysis of Patellar Tendon in a Collegiate Athlete After Bilateral Debridement: A Case Report
Authors: Crawford Scott K. , Rudolph Ashley , Engel Aaron J. , Ransone Jack , Bashford Gregory R.
Published: July 2021

Context

A National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female basketball athlete (age = 20 years, height = 190.5 cm, mass = 87 kg) had chronic patellar tendinopathy.

Intervention(s)

After undergoing unsuccessful conservative treatments, the athlete underwent bilateral open patellar debridement surgery. Pain and dysfunction were assessed via the Victorian Institute of Sport-P (VISA-P) score with concurrently collected B-mode ultrasound images of the patellar tendon throughout a 12-month rehabilitation.

Results

Peak spatial frequency radius (PSFR), a quantitative ultrasound measure previously shown to be correlated with collagen organization, was compared with changes in VISA-P scores. Overall increases in PSFR values across 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion were observed throughout recovery. Despite increased PSFR values and returning to sport, the athlete reported substantial pain.

Conclusions

In this level 3 exploration case report, we provide novel insight into ultrasonically measured structural changes of the patellar tendon after surgery and during rehabilitation of an athlete with chronic tendinopathy. Perceived pain measurements were not necessarily related to structural adaptations.
Abrasiveness and whitening effect of charcoal-containing whitening toothpastes in permanent teeth.
Authors: Ghajari Masoud Fallahinejad , Shamsaei Maryam , Basandeh Kimia , Galouyak Maedeh Sadeghpour
Published: July 2021

Background:

Charcoal toothpastes can whiten teeth through abrasion. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of whitening and abrasiveness of charcoal toothpastes in permanent teeth.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 30 premolars were polished, sectioned, mounted, and stored for 5 days in a coffee solution at 37°C. The color and surface profile of the teeth were measured by spectrophotometry and a profilometric device, respectively. The specimens were divided into 3 groups of 10 and were brushed 2000 times (equivalent to 3 times a day for 1.5 months) in a brushing machine using 20 g of each toothpaste (Bencer, Beverly, and Colgate) mixed with 40 ml of distilled water. The color and surface profile were remeasured. Bonferroni test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the abrasion. One-way ANOVA was used to assess the whitening.

Results:

The three toothpastes caused changes in the surface profile (P = 0.0001). ΔE was equal to 3.3 (within the acceptable range) in all groups (95% confidence interval). There was no significant difference in abrasion (P > 0.05) and color change (P = 0.884) among toothpastes.

Conclusion:

The results of this study showed that all the three used toothpastes have the abrasive and whitening effect on the samples significantly. The differences between the toothpastes were not significant.
Effect of various single file systems on microcrack formation in root canals
Authors: Chandwani Neelam , Ranka Aastha , Jadhav Ganesh R. , Jagyasi Dolly , Bopche Pooja , Golchha Arihant
Published: July 2021

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare dentinal crack formation in root canal walls following 3 single file systems with continuous rotation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:

In this SEM study, seventy mandibular premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups. 3 experimental groups (n = 20) and 2 control groups (n = 5) as follows: Group I: Neolix NiTi file system, Group II: OneShape systems, Group III: OneCurve file system, positive control: conventional Hand File system, negative control: unprepared. After root canal preparations, the roots were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex with water irrigation. The sections were inspected in all directions under SEM at × 100 magnification to determine the presence of cracks. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. There is a statistically significant difference in the crack formation between the apical third (P = 0.012) and coronal third (P = 0.002) when comparing all the 5 groups. No significant difference is found in the middle third (P = 0.46). P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Results:

Maximum cracks in the apical third were seen with One Shape file 11 (55%) and in the coronal third with Neolix NiTi 14 (70%). There is a statistically significant difference in the crack formation only in OneCurve when comparing the apical, middle, and coronal third for the individual group (P = 0.042).

Conclusion:

There was a significant difference in crack formation in apical and coronal third. OneCurve caused the least incidence of cracks when compared to other file systems. OneCurve file system can be a choice for canal preparation over Neolix Niti and OneShape.
A survey on osteogenic effect of collagen-membrane derived from Rutilus kutum swim bladder in rat calvaria
Authors: Bahrizadeh Farid , Lisar Hamidreza Azimi , Naderi Noushin Jalayer
Published: July 2021

Background:

The collagen membrane which obtained from bovine pericardium and human skin in Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is costly and may even cause transmission of diseases. Replacing conventional collagen membranes with a more easily accessible and cheaper ones will have economic benefits. The aim was to determine the osteogenic effect of collagen-membrane derived from Rutilus kutum swim bladder on rat calvaria.

Materials and Methods:

The study was experimental. Thirty-six male albino rats of the Wistar strain were included in the study. The 5 mm surgical defects were created on calvarias and filled with allograft bone material and covered by R. kutum swim bladder (Group I), bovine derived pericardial membrane (Group II) and without membrane cover (Group III). The specimen were euthanized after 3, 5 and 8 weeks. The surrounding connective tissue was evaluated in term of osseous formation. Kruskal–Wallis, Univariant analysis of variance, and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis. The P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A significant differences between groups in terms of osseous formation (P = 0.001) was noted. The difference of osseous formation was significantly higher in 5 and 8 weeks than 3 weeks after operation in all groups (P = 0.03 and P = 0.006, respectively). The osseous formation in Group I and II were significantly higher than Group III (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The R. kutum swim bladder had osteogenic effect on rat calvaria. R. kutum swim bladder can be a new source in natural derived collagen membrane in GBR.
Effect of different laser treatments on the shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to resin cement
Authors: Hatami Mahnaz , Lotfi-Kamran Mohammadhossein , Davari Abdolrahim , Molazem Meisam
Published: July 2021

Background:

Several techniques such as sand blast, silicoating, and laser irradiation have been introduced for reliable bond between zirconia and resin cement. This study aimed to assess and compare the effect of three types of lasers on the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia to resin cement.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, 55 zirconia disks (6 mm diameter × 3 mm thickness) were randomly divided into five groups: control (1), sandblast (2), carbon dioxide (CO2) (3), erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) (4), and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) (5) laser irradiation. The surface morphology of one specimen from each group was evaluated by a scanning electron microscope. Zirconia disks were cemented to composite using Panavia F2. SBS test was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min after 24 h storage in distilled water and thermocycling. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's HSD tests (α = 0.05).

Results:

The mean SBS values of the groups such as sandblast, Er: YAG, Nd: YAG, and CO2 lasers and control were 6.64 MPa, 6.63 MPa, 4.98 MPa, 4.39 MPa, and 2.32 MPa, respectively. No significant difference was observed between sandblast and Er: YAG laser and between Nd: YAG and CO2 lasers.

Conclusion:

All lasers increased SBS values of zirconia to resin cement in comparison to the untreated surface. Er: YAG laser was the most effective laser treatment on the bond strength equal to that of sandblast.
Bond strength and microleakage of different types of cements in stainless steel crown of primary molar teeth
Authors: Kameli Somayeh , Khani Fatemeh , Bahraminasab Marjan , Ghorbani Raheb , Abbas Fatemeh Mashhadi
Published: July 2021

Background:

The margin of crown is a significant area for plaque accumulations. Therefore, the ability of the cement to seal the margin is very important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bond (retentive) strength, microleakage, and failure mode of four different types of cements in stainless steel crown (SSC) of primary molar teeth.

Materials and Methods:

In this experimental study, eighty extracted primary molar teeth were divided into two groups of forty teeth to test the microleakage and bond strength. The crowns were cemented according to the manufacturer guidelines with four cement types including self-cure glass ionomer, resin-modified glass ionomer, polycarboxylate, and resin cements. Stereomicroscope and universal testing machine were used to measure the microleakage and bond strength, respectively. For calculating the surface area of crowns, three-dimensional scanning was used. Furthermore, the failure mode was examined after the bond strength test. The cements surfaces and the tooth–cement interfaces were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained values were analyzed using SPSS-23 software through Shapiro–Wilk and one-way analysis of variance tests. Means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant in all analyses.

Results:

Significant differences between microleakage (P = 0.001) and failure mode (P = 0.041) of the four types of cements were obtained. However, the mean bond strengths of the four groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.124). The obtained SEM images confirmed the results of bond strength and microleakage.

Conclusion:

Resin cement and resin-modified glass ionomer, respectively, showed superior properties and are recommended for use in SSCs of primary molar teeth.
Antibacterial effect of a disinfectant spray for sports mouthguards on Streptococcus sobrinus
Authors: Tanabe Gen , Churei Hiroshi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Hayashi Kairi , Kanasaki Aki , Yoshida Yuriko , Toma Jun , Araie Yosiaki , Ueno Toshiaki
Published: July 2021

Background:

Mouthguard (MG) disinfectant sprays are available for maintaining MG hygiene. The effect of these sprays against Streptococcus sobrinus is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of an MG disinfectant spray against S. sobrinus using the modified ISO 22196 standard.

Materials and Methods:

In this in vitro study, we used the following treatment groups for antibacterial testing: MG spray-1 (left in spray for 30 s), MG spray-2 (60 s), and control (n = 4). All analyses were performed at a statistically significant level (P = 0.05) using JMP® 14.

Results:

The log colony-forming units of the MG spray-2 group were significantly lower than those of the other groups. The antibacterial activity of MG spray-2 against S. sobrinus was >2.1.

Conclusion:

We confirmed the antibacterial effect of the MG spray against S. sobrinus, and it was influenced by the treatment duration, with the optimum effect at a longer duration.
Genetic association of rs7754840 and rs7756992 polymorphisms in the CDKAL1 gene and gestational diabetes mellitus in selected Filipino pregnant women
Authors: Pineda-Cortel Maria Ruth B. , Baybayan Karlo , Bello Peter Louie , Camenforte Latiffa Lois , Ching Stefany Jane , Conti Kathleen , Ignacio Jeremiah Jose , Diaz Jiovanni , Villavieja Adrian , Pandac Jefferyl Kae , Alejandro Emilyn U.
Published: July 2021

Objective:

To investigate the possible association between rs7754840 and rs7756992 polymorphisms of CDKAL1 gene and susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Filipino pregnant population.

Methods:

A total of 101 patients with GDM and 99 women without GDM were included. Two CDKAL1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs7754840 and rs7756992, were genotyped by using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Mann-Whitney U test, median and interquartile range were used to describe physical and biochemical characteristics. The differences in the genotype and allele distribution of the target genetic variants among the two groups of participants were assessed by using Chi-square test. Conformity to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested prior to conducting further analysis. Multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate the effects of the genotype models on GDM development.

Results:

There was no observed correlation between the genotypes of the rs7754840 SNP and oral glucose tolerance test parameters. Consequently, there was no significant association between genetic models of the rs7754840 SNP and GDM risk (additive OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.82-2.50, P=0.21; dominant OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.57-2.59, P=0.62; recessive OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.86-3.09, P=0.13).

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest no association between CDKAL1 gene variant rs7754840 and GDM development in Filipino pregnant women. Further studies with a larger population should be performed to validate our findings.
Patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) not suitable for revascularization
Authors: Martini Romeo , Ghirardini Francesca
Published: July 2021

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Its prognosis is poor, with high rates of limb amputation and cardiovascular mortality. The international guidelines consider limb revascularization as the first line of the treatment strategy for CLI. However, despite the progress of revascularization techniques, many patients with CLI are still considered not suitable for these procedures and treated with conservative limb treatments. We have consulted the most important guidelines on PAD and CLI published over the past two decades focusing on the epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes of CLI patients not suitable for revascularization. Our review shows that only the TASC guidelines report 25% of CLI patients conservatively treated. Regarding the treatments, all the guidelines agree that the conservative treatment is based on the best medical management of cardiovascular risk factors associated with pain drugs and wound management. Other treatments such as prostanoids, spinal cord stimulation, vasodilators, or angiogenic therapies have shown uncertain positive outcomes in reducing limb amputation and mortality. In conclusion, this work outlines the scarce consideration that the guidelines have had about these patients over the past two decades. However, this review tries to draw the main novelties and possible future treatments for the better management of this group of patients still resident in the “dark side” of the CLI.
Contextual Barriers of Respectful Workplace in Nursing
Authors: Nouri Azadeh , Sanagoo Akram , Jouybari Leila , Taleghani Fariba
Published: July 2021

Background:

Respectful relationship among nurses is an important influencing factor of positive work environment and nursing outcomes. Disrespectful interpersonal behaviors set the scene for an unpleasant and unhealthy workplace in nursing. This can be harmful to persons and their organization and affect health care outcomes. This study was designed in order to search for contextual barriers to respectful behaviors in the context of nursing.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a focused ethnography that was carried out in medical-surgical wards of Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2018-2019. The data collection method consisted of 140 h of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 34 informants. The nformants comprised 29 nurses, 2 assistant nurses, a physician, and 2 patients who were selected by purposive sampling. The first author of the study made direct observations as an outsider. The data were analyzed by Spradley's method.

Results:

Three main categories and eight subcategories were obtained from data analysis that are as follows: 1) Personal self: challenges of perceived respect (negative self-concept, unpleasant feelings, and ineffective communication), 2) Organizational-based perceived disrespect (poor organizational climate, inadequate job condition, restrictive organizational structure), 3) Social self: challenges of showed respect (implicit social norms, cultural gap).

Conclusions:

Individual and social attitudes, interactive communication, and organizational factors are the contextual determinants of a respectful workplace in nursing. Consequently, improving self-concept and effective communication skills as well as adjust organizational conditions and value conceptualization in society may effect a respectful workplace in nursing.
Pharmacognostical and Physicochemical Evaluation on Vata (Ficus benghalensis linn.) Jata (Aerial Roots)
Authors: Jawanjal Pravin , Harisha C. R. , Shukla V. J. , Patgiri B. J. , Savrikar S. S.
Published: July 2021

Introduction:

Vata (Ficus benghalensis Linn.) is a sacred medicinal plant since Vedic times. It spread all over by its hanging or supporting roots, hence called as Vata.

Aims:

The aim was to study the macro- and microscopic characters, physiochemical and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) profile of Vata (F. benghalensis Linn.) Jata (aerial roots).

Materials and Methods:

Experiments were performed on authenticated plant materials, following standard procedures. Macroscopic and microscopic pharmacognostical characters of aerial roots and histochemical studies were noted.

Results:

Externally, the aerial root is gray and rough along with transverse rows of lenticels. Inner part of the aerial root is reddishbrown fibrous nature in bark portion. The powder microscopy study revealed the presence of fragment of simple fiber without lumen, stone cells with tannin, simple starch grain with hilum, compound starch grain, fiber with denim contents, latex contents, tannin contents rhomboidal crystal 2, rhomboidal crystal 3, group of stone cell with tannin, and fiber passing through medullary rays. Discussion: Transverse section of aerial root showed outer interesting exodermis followed by cork and cortex. Cortex region abundantly enriched by calcium oxalate crystal and tannin content are the diagnostic characters.

Conclusion:

Results of pharmacognostical and physiochemical analysis including HPTLC on aerial roots will help in further standardization.
On dual unit balls of Thurston norms
Authors: Sane Abdoul Karim
Published: July 2021

Thurston norms are invariants of 3-manifolds defined on their second homology and understanding the shape of their dual unit balls is a widely open problem. In this article, we provide a large family of polytopes in$\mathbb {R}^{2g}$that appear like dual unit balls of Thurston norms, generalizing Thurston’s construction for polygons in$\mathbb {R}^2$.

À mes enseignants, premiers
(Co)isotropic triples and poset representations
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Lorand Jonathan , Weinstein Alan
Published: July 2021

We study triples of coisotropic or isotropic subspaces in symplectic vector spaces; in particular, we classify indecomposable structures of this kind. The classification depends on the ground field, which we assume only to be perfect and not of characteristic 2. Our work uses the theory of representations of partially ordered sets with (order reversing) involution; for (co)isotropic triples, the relevant poset is “2 + 2 + 2” consisting of three independent ordered pairs, with the involution exchanging the members of each pair.

A key feature of the classification is that any indecomposable (co)isotropic triple is either “split” or “non-split.” The latter is the case when the poset representation underlying an indecomposable (co)isotropic triple is itself indecomposable. Otherwise, in the “split” case, the underlying representation is decomposable and necessarily the direct sum of a dual pair of indecomposable poset representations; the (co)isotropic triple is a “symplectification.”

In the course of the paper we develop the framework of “symplectic poset representations,” which can be applied to a range of problems of symplectic linear algebra. The classification of linear Hamiltonian vector fields, up to conjugation, is an example; we briefly explain the connection between these and (co)isotropic triples.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Is Increased in Chagasic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Garcia Karina Oliveira , Silva Thiago Cerqueira , Nunes Maria C. Pereira , Felix Iuri Ferreira , Oliveira Murilo Araujo , Marques Maria E. Lisboa , Brito Santos Leila S. , Sousa Paulo R. S. Peixoto , Ramiro Muiños Pedro J. , Maia Renata Martins , Catto Marília Bazzo , Pereira Jesus Pedro A. , Barbosa eSilva Lucas C. , Ribeiro Antonio L. Pinho , Aras Roque , Rocha Giovanna Ladeia , Furie Karen L. , Oliveira-Filho Jamary
Published: July 2021

Chagas disease (CD) mainly conveys stroke risk through structural cardiac disease. However, stroke and cognitive impairment are seen in CD independently of cardiac disease severity. Chronic inflammation may be an explanation for this association, because inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke and dementia. In the present study, we selected five candidate biomarkers for Chagas disease: interleukin-6, membrane metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1), orosomucoid, and neprilysin. We sought to determine if mean levels of proinflammatory biomarkers are higher in patients with heart failure (HF) associated with Chagas disease when compared with other etiologies of HF. Patients were consecutively enrolled from subspecialty HF outpatient clinics at two university-based hospitals. Serum biomarker levels from blood samples were analyzed by ELISA. Severity of HF on echocardiography was worse in non-CD when compared with CD patients. No significant difference was observed in the levels of candidate biomarkers between the CD and non-CD groups. We found a significantly 2.2 ng/mL higher level of TIMP1 in CD when compared with non-CD patients with HF after adjustment for age and gender (95% confidence interval = 0.1 to 4.5, P = 0.037). In patients with heart failure, serum TIMP1 is increased in Chagas patients despite a lower myocardial disease severity on echocardiography when compared with non-Chagas patients. TIMP1 is probably one of multiple mediators of inflammatory injury.
Social and Environmental Determinants of Community-Acquired Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Children Living in Semirural Communities of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Kurowski Kathleen M. , Marusinec Rachel , Amato Heather K. , Saraiva-Garcia Carlos , Loayza Fernanda , Salinas Liseth , Trueba Gabriel , Graham Jay P.
Published: July 2021

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL), a family of bacteria that includes Escherichia coli, have emerged as a global health threat. This study examined risks associated with carriage of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) E. coli, including ESBL-producing, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains in children living in semirural parishes of Quito, Ecuador. We conducted a longitudinal study with two cycles of sampling (N = 374, N = 366) that included an analysis of child fecal samples and survey questions relating to water, sanitation, and hygiene, socioeconomic status, household crowding, and animal ownership. We used multivariate regression models to assess risk factors associated with a child being colonized. Across the two cycles, 18.4% (n = 516) of the 3GC-R isolates were ESBL-producing E. coli, and 40.3% (n = 516) were XDR E. coli. Children living in households that owned between 11 and 20 backyard animals had an increased odds of being colonized with XDR E. coli (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–3.60) compared with those with no animals. Households that reported smelling odors from commercial poultry had increased odds of having a child positive for XDR E. coli (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.11–2.66). Our results suggest that colonization of children with antimicrobial-resistant E. coli is influenced by exposure to backyard and commercial livestock and poultry. Future studies should consider community-level risk factors because child exposures to drug-resistant bacteria are likely influenced by neighborhood and regional risk factors.
Nosocomial Respiratory Infections in a Rural Zambian Hospital
Authors: Loevinsohn Gideon , Hardick Justin , Mehoke Thomas , Sinywimaanzi Pamela , Hamahuwa Mutinta , Fenstermacher Katherine Z. J. , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Thielen Peter , Evans Jared , Bowden Kenneth , Zudock Kristina , Sauer Lauren M. , Monze Mwaka , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Rothman Richard E. , Pekosz Andrew , Thuma Philip E. , Sutcliffe Catherine G.
Published: July 2021

The burden of nosocomial respiratory infections in rural southern Africa is poorly understood. We established a surveillance program at a rural Zambian hospital to detect influenza-like illness (ILI) and respiratory infections among hospitalized patients and a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs). Nasopharyngeal specimens from symptomatic patients and HCWs underwent broadly multiplexed molecular testing to detect viruses and atypical bacteria. During 1 year of surveillance, 15 patients (1.7% of admissions) developed ILI more than 48 hours after admission. Among 44 HCWs, 19 (43%) experienced at least one ILI episode, with a total of 31 ILI episodes detected. Respiratory viruses were detected in 45% of patient and 55% of HCW specimens. The cumulative incidence of influenza infection among HCWs over 1 year was 9%. Overall, respiratory viruses were commonly found among patients and HCWs in a rural Zambian hospital with limited infection control infrastructure.