bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene−silicon−graphene Schottky junction photodetector with field effect structure
Authors: Qian Fengsong , Deng Jun , Xu Chen , Dong Yibo , Hu Liangchen , Fu Guosheng , Xie Yiyang , Chang Pengying , Sun Jie
Published: September 2022

Graphene has unique advantages in ultrabroadband detection. However, nowadays graphene-based photodetectors cannot meet the requirements for practical applications due to their poor performance. Here, we report a graphene−silicon−graphene Schottky junction photodetector assisted by field effect. Two separate graphene sheets are located on both sides of the n-doped silicon to form two opposite lateral series heterojunctions with silicon, and a transparent top gate is designed to modulate the Schottky barrier. Low doping concentration of silicon and negative gate bias can significantly raise the barrier height. Under the combined action of these two measures, the barrier height increases from 0.39 eV to 0.77 eV. Accordingly, the performance of the photodetector has been greatly improved. The photoresponsivity of the optimized device is 2.6 A/W at 792 nm, 1.8 A/W at 1064 nm, and 0.42 A/W at 1550 nm, and the on/off photo-switching ratio reaches 104. Our work provides a feasible solution for the development of graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
Activity enhancement of a photo-generated carrier in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals improved by Cd element
Authors: Yao Lianfei , Lou Xue , Sui Ning , Zhang Wei , Xiao Hongwei , Chi Xiaochun , Zhang Han-Zhuang , Wang Yinghui
Published: September 2022

Doping Cd element into perovskite materials is an effective strategy to improve the photoelectric property. However, the further discussion for carrier dynamic behavior in perovskites affected by Cd element remains not sufficient. In this research letter, based on steady and transient spectroscopy, it is found that adding Cd element into CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can enhance the activity of photo-generated carriers and accompany with the optimization of crystal structure. The former improves the carrier heating effect, which makes carrier keep high temperature for a long time and accelerate the bimolecular and the Auger recombination simultaneously. The latter can restrict the monomolecular recombination through passivating the defect states. Finally, they together improve the photoluminescence characteristics of the Cd doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and make them exhibit a huge potential in the fields of optoelectronics or photo-catalysis.
Scalable microstructured semiconductor THz pulse sources
Authors: Tibai Zoltán , Krizsán Gergő , Tóth György , Almási Gábor , Illés Gergő , Pálfalvi László , Hebling János
Published: September 2022

In recent years several microstructured lithium niobate THz pulse source were suggested for high-energy applications. Two types of those, the reflective and the transmissive nonlinear slab are adopted here for semiconductors. These new sources are scalable both in THz energy and size. Furthermore, they can outperform the already demonstrated contact grating source in diffraction and THz generation efficiency. Compared to the lithium niobate sources, they are more feasible, thanks to the easier manufacturing and the longer pump wavelength. They can produce intense, nearly single-cycle THz pulses at higher frequencies. With 20 mJ pumping at 1.8 µm wavelength, 45 µJ THz energy, and 17 MV/cm focused peak electric field can be expected at 3 THz phase matching frequency from the transmissive nonlinear echelon slab setup consisting of a 4 mm thick structured plan-parallel gallium phosphide crystal.
Red-diode-clad-pumped Er3+/Dy3+ codoped ZrF4 fiber: A promising mid-infrared laser platform
Authors: Luo Hongyu , Wang Yongzhi , Chen Junsheng , Wang Biao , Li Jianfeng , Liu Yong
Published: September 2022

We report, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, mid-infrared (mid-IR) laser generation, from a red-diode-clad-pumped Er3+/Dy3+ codoped ZrF4 fiber laser. A free-running laser at ∼3.4 µm, mainly from the 4F9/2→4I9/2 transition of Er3+, directly excited by a 659-nm laser diodehas been achieved at room temperature with a maximum power of 0.8 W and 8.8% slope efficiency. In this system, the long-lived 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 states are rapidly depopulated by energy transfer to the codoped Dy3+ ions and energy transfer upconversion between the Er3+ ions, resulting in the accelerated recycling of ions. Additionally, the free-running dual-wavelength operation state at ∼3.3 and ∼3.5 µm is also observed, producing a total maximum power of 0.95 W with 10.7% slope efficiency, representing the first watt-class output from a diode-pumped rare-earth-doped fiber laser far beyond 3 µm. By employing a diffraction grating, continuous spectral tuning across the 642-nm range from 3053.9 to 3695.9 nm has been demonstrated. The proposed scheme provides, to the best of our knowledge, a promising new platform for laser generation in the mid-IR region of 3–4 µm.
All-optical sampling of ultrashort laser pulses based on perturbed transient grating
Authors: Huang Pei , Yuan Hao , Cao Huabao , Wang Hushan , Wang Xianglin , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Fu Yuxi
Published: September 2022

We propose and demonstrate an all-optical pulse sampling technique based on the transient grating (TG) procedure with perturbation, which provides a simple and robust manner to characterize an ultrashort laser pulse without employing a retrieval algorithm. In our approach, a two-orders weaker perturbation pulse perturbs the diffracted pulse from the TG, which is generated by another strong fundamental pulse. The modulation of the diffracted pulse energy directly represents the temporal profile of the perturbation pulse. We have successfully characterized few-cycle and multi-cycle pulses, which is consistent with the results verified by the widely employed frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) method. Our method provides a potential way to characterize ultrashort laser waveform from the deep-UV to far-infrared region.
Independent dual-single sideband lower-IF RF receiver based on a single photodetector
Authors: Zhou Ye , Ming Jun , Wang Leilei , Wu Dongyan , Zhao Li , Xiao Jiangnan
Published: September 2022

The two sidebands of the independent dual-single-sideband (dual-SSB) signal can carry different information, which achieves higher spectral efficiency and system capacity. However, the receiver divides the signal into two channels, so a pair of optical bandpass filters (OBPFs) and photodetectors (PDs) are generally required to select and detect an independent dual-SSB signal. To reduce the complexity and cost of the receiver, we propose an independent dual-SSB lower intermediate frequency (IF) radio frequency (RF) signal detection scheme based on a single PD combined with conventional digital signal processing (DSP). A theoretical analysis is presented and validated by a simulation. The left sideband (LSB) and the right sideband (RSB) are quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulated. After 50-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission, a 10-Gbps 16QAM signal is synthesized from 2 × 5-Gbps dual-SSB QPSK and the independent dual-SSB is extracted by DSP. The bit error rate (BER) of the dual-SSB (LSB and RSB) is below the hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3.
Multilayer dielectric metalens
Authors: Carlos Basilio-Ortiz J. , Moreno Ivan
Published: September 2022

We propose and analyze a metalens whose meta-atoms (nanoscatterers) are integrated by a stack of quarter-wave dielectric layers. Each multilayer meta-atom is a nanopillar, which consists of alternating layers of high- and low-refractive-index materials. We show that the nanopillars of a multilayer metalens may have a smaller aspect ratio than the nanopillars of a standard metalens and have similar optical properties (focusing efficiency and chromaticity).
Metabolic reconstitution of germ-free mice by a gnotobiotic microbiota varies over the circadian cycle
Authors: Hoces Daniel , Lan Jiayi , Sun Wenfei , Geiser Tobias , Stäubli Melanie L. , Cappio Barazzone Elisa , Arnoldini Markus , Challa Tenagne D. , Klug Manuel , Kellenberger Alexandra , Nowok Sven , Faccin Erica , Macpherson Andrew J. , Stecher Bärbel , Sunagawa Shinichi , Zenobi Renato , Hardt Wolf-Dietrich , Wolfrum Christian , Slack Emma
Published: September 2022

The capacity of the intestinal microbiota to degrade otherwise indigestible diet components is known to greatly improve the recovery of energy from food. This has led to the hypothesis that increased digestive efficiency may underlie the contribution of the microbiota to obesity. OligoMM12-colonized gnotobiotic mice have a consistently higher fat mass than germ-free (GF) or fully colonized counterparts. We therefore investigated their food intake, digestion efficiency, energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient using a novel isolator-housed metabolic cage system, which allows long-term measurements without contamination risk. This demonstrated that microbiota-released calories are perfectly balanced by decreased food intake in fully colonized versus gnotobiotic OligoMM12 and GF mice fed a standard chow diet, i.e., microbiota-released calories can in fact be well integrated into appetite control. We also observed no significant difference in energy expenditure after normalization by lean mass between the different microbiota groups, suggesting that cumulative small differences in energy balance, or altered energy storage, must underlie fat accumulation in OligoMM12 mice. Consistent with altered energy storage, major differences were observed in the type of respiratory substrates used in metabolism over the circadian cycle: In GF mice, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was consistently lower than that of fully colonized mice at all times of day, indicative of more reliance on fat and less on glucose metabolism. Intriguingly, the RER of OligoMM12-colonized gnotobiotic mice phenocopied fully colonized mice during the dark (active/eating) phase but phenocopied GF mice during the light (fasting/resting) phase. Further, OligoMM12-colonized mice showed a GF-like drop in liver glycogen storage during the light phase and both liver and plasma metabolomes of OligoMM12 mice clustered closely with GF mice. This implies the existence of microbiota functions that are required to maintain normal host metabolism during the resting/fasting phase of circadian cycle and which are absent in the OligoMM12 consortium.
Quality of life and associated factors among the youth with substance use in Northwest Ethiopia: Using structural equation modeling
Authors: Tarekegn Gebrekidan Ewnetu , Nenko Goshu , Tilahun Sewbesew Yitayih , Kassew Tilahun , Demilew Demeke , Oumer Mohammed , Alemu Kassahun , Yesuf Yassin Mohammed , Getnet Berhanie , Melkam Mamaru , Mehari Eden Abetu , Alemayehu Biruk Fanta
Published: September 2022

Background

Substance use leads to serious clinical conditions with the potential to cause major health and emotional impairments in individuals. Individuals with substance use typically report significantly poorer QoL than the general population and as low as those with other serious psychiatric disorders. It has a high impact on morbidity, mortality, and productivity, it also compromises the general safety and performance of the users, i.e., affects the quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to assess quality of life and identify the potential predictors among youths who use substances.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study design was applied to assess quality of life and associated factors among substance use youths in the central Gondar zone from January 1 to March 30/ 2021. A total of 373 substance use youths were included in the study. The data were collected using face-to-face interview by structured questionnaires, and entered to Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to STATA version 16, and AMOS software for further statistical analysis. To identify factors associated with health-related quality of life, structural equation modeling was used, and it also used to estimate the relationships among exogenous, mediating, and endogenous variables.

Results

Substance used youths had a moderate overall health-related quality of life (mean score = 50.21 and 14.32 standard deviation, p-value < 0.,0001), and poor health-related quality of life in the environmental health domain (mean score of 45.76 with standard deviation of 17.60). Age (β = 0.06, p<0.001), sex (β = 0.30, p<0.001), psychotic symptoms (β = -0.12, p<0.001), employment status (β = 0.06, p = 0.008,), loss of family (β = 0.35, p<0.001), and social support (β = 0.27, p<0.001) were variables significantly associated with health-related quality of life.

Conclusion

According to the findings of this study, substance abuse during adolescence is associated with lower health-related quality of life and a higher report of psychopathological symptoms. Given this finding, mental health and health promotion professionals should learn about and emphasize the impact of substance use on youth quality of life.
How we role: The collaborative role-playing poetics of the Secret Story Network
Authors: Gyori Brad , Zaluczkowska Anna
Published: September 2022

In 2018, a group of ten academics and industry professionals created ‘The Secret Story Network’. This practice-research initiative produced ten 60–90-minute role-playing games conducted on the social media platform WhatsApp. In the process, we worked to identify and refine design strategies that incentivize engagement with the type of narrative collaboration that media scholars commonly call ‘collective storytelling’. Via the participatory action research methodology, this study evolved through cycles of prototyping, testing, feedback, reflection and modification. This article analyses our study in relation to the ‘Threefold Word Model’ for RPGs proposed by Kim. Based on the affordances of the WhatsApp interface, we suggest a modification of this conceptual frame, in line with scholars such as Edwards, Bøckman and Bowman that extends investigations into four theoretical lenses that we use to examine the stories in our study. These modes are (1) drama, (2) game, (3) simulation and (4) immersion. The observations made also suggest new avenues for ‘writing’ and creating interactive digital narratives.
A Screenwriter’s Companion: Instruction, Opinion, Encouragement, Joseph Dougherty (2022)
Authors: Davies Brett
Published: September 2022

Review of: A Screenwriter’s Companion: Instruction, Opinion, Encouragement, Joseph Dougherty (2022)

Columbus, OH: Fayetteville Mafia Press, 222 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-94902-439-5, p/bk, $19.99
Data incarnations: Nesting complex inherited and learned behaviours
Authors: Ribeiro Clarissa
Published: September 2022

What happens when humans and birds engage each other through a collaboration-as-fantasy mediated by computers? Could such an exercise be modelled in a way that helps us to transcend the techno-ocularcentric fetishes for precision and certainty which demarcate our time? From Edgar Wind’s notion of 'incarnation' – as the place where empirical experience and metaphysical foundation meet in the single cognitive and experiential act – this article bridges the analogue with the digital, navigating nature’s strategies to embody inherited and learned complex behaviours in the design of nests, in what I call data-nests.
Material mind: Gum on walls, drifting stones and other acts of community sculpture
Authors: Ring Jesse J.
Published: September 2022

Community acts of material signification are an important form of sculpture that occur through an exchange of human and non-human agents. First these acts of sculpture are discussed in relation to extended mind, the morphogenic model of making, material engagement theory and entanglement to frame how humans shape the world as collaborators with non-humans by extending mind through material. I then discuss various acts of community material accumulation that I consider sculpture, skateboarding and clay forming as evidence of extended mind, comparison of the morphogenic to the hylomorphic model of making, occurrences of materials affecting other materials absent of human intervention and my recent participatory installation Stone Fruit. These topics are used to present a lens for understanding the production of sculpture as a collaboration with opposed to dictation on systems of materials, places and people. This lens, in turn, presents community sites of material accumulation to be an important form of sculpture production.
Aura & Transvestment1
Authors: Somonte Ruano Pablo
Published: September 2022

Aura & Transvestment is a transmedia project consisting of a series of generative images, an experimental form of cryptomedia and a video essay. By describing its own powers and contradictions, the work explores notions of value, ownership, authenticity, artificial scarcity and abundance in the digital realm. The project is a critical analysis of non-fungible tokens used as proof of ownership for digital art, taking Walter Benjamin’s concept of aura as a starting point. It argues that, for tokenized art, cryptography serves as an artificial source of auratic power that reverts the political potential of reproducibility falling back to a magical and ritual notion of aura. This time around the ritual performed is that of property, authenticity, ownership, markets and commodification. Finally, the article outlines alternative uses of cryptography and distributed ledger technologies to support artistic labour and proposes transvestment as a temporary counter-action for the reallocation of value from capitalist forms of production and into commons-based models of social coordination. Submitted to this journal is an adaptation of the script for the video essay, alongside other elements of the project. Please visit: https://aura-transvestment.art/.
Why cyborgs necessarily feel
Authors: Gärtner Klaus
Published: September 2022

In this article, I argue for an essentialist account of cyborgs. This means that one condition for being a cyborg is to possess phenomenal consciousness, ‘what it feels like’ to undergo an experience. In this context, I make two related claims: (1) the metaphysical claim that it is essential to cyborgs to have phenomenal consciousness due to their being augmented human beings, and (2) the related claim that this metaphysical constraint need not apply to cyborg-like entities, which may or may not be augmented humans and so might not possess phenomenal consciousness. In support of these claims, I argue that cyborgs without phenomenal consciousness would lose information-processing abilities essential to the human condition and would be better understood as androids with biological body parts. First, I briefly characterize phenomenal consciousness in the context of the Mind–Body Problem. Then I introduce the Mind–Technology Problem and claim that it is better suited to frame the relevant discussion. In a second step, I argue that phenomenal consciousness is a vital feature of the human mind as it is fundamental for practices that relate what it feels to have an experience to other minds capable of such experiences, as in the arts. Briefly, thus, I argue that, without phenomenal consciousness, there is no art, and that art involves information-processing abilities essential to the human condition. Then I describe two different kinds of entity that might be considered cyborgs in the context of enhancement, distinguishing between cyborgs and cyborg-like entities. Finally, I argue that entities that do not possess phenomenal consciousness cannot be classified as cyborgs, since without it, an essential capacity of human experience, to be affected by the expressive arts, is absent.
‘Welcome to the Neganthropocene’:1 Artistic practices of healing the Anthropocene in Matterlurgy’s Air Morphologies
Authors: Stępień Justyna
Published: September 2022

This article explores the implications of Bernard Stiegler’s concept of the Neganthropocene, coined to reconfigure the entropic and apocalyptic conditions of the Anthropocene, for the artistic project Air Morphologies. Created by a London-based duo, Matterlurgy, the interactive Virtual Reality research project investigates the materiality and composition of air pollution particles, their causes, effects and morphological agency. Matterlurgy’s project, which locates viewers in the Virtual Reality environment and engages them in participatory activities, becomes a techno-ethical practice of nurturing ways to think and care for the more-than-human world essentially transformed and dominated by the anthropogenic factors. The artistic practice indicates that we need to think collectively, not about but with nature, technology, history, objects and theories. As the article shows, with such strategies, we will be able to acknowledge more-than-human interconnections, human-nature-technics connections and rework the conventional patterns of knowledge production to heal the adverse outcomes of the Anthropocene.
Pigs' management practices and exposure to Trichinella spp. in pigs and warthogs in the northern area of Senegal
Authors: N'da Kacou Martial , Gbati Oubri Bassa , Dahourou Laibané Dieudonné , Behou N'guessan Ezéchiel Schadrac , Traore Amadou , Kungu Joseph
Published: September 2022

Background and Aim: Trichinellosis is a neglected and emerging foodborne zoonosis in Africa. Trichinella infection occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked infected meat and meat products. This study aimed to assess pigs' management practices and determine the exposure of pigs and warthogs to Trichinella spp. in the northern area of Senegal.

Materials and Methods: Surveys and observations were carried out among 40 pig farmers to assess husbandry practices regarding Trichinella spp. life cycle. In addition, 201 pig meat juices and 83 warthog meat juices were extracted and tested for anti-Trichinella antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: Most (97%) of farms practiced a traditional farming system with free-ranging of pigs in 85% of farms. Farms had local pig breed without housing and supplementary feeding. Some farmers (27.5%) used slaughter waste to feed pigs and farmers were not aware that free-range farming is a source of infection to Trichinella infection. They were also unaware that some pig diseases could be transmitted to humans. The seroprevalence of Trichinella infection was 10.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.6–15.2%) in pigs and 10.8% (95% CI: 4.16–17.52%) in warthogs with significantly higher seroprevalence in male (22.2%: 95% CI: 6.6–37.8%) compared to female (9.2%; 95% CI: 4.9–13.5%) (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The confirmation of exposure to Trichinella spp. in this area in pigs and warthogs shows a significant risk of transmission of this disease to humans if the farming conditions and the health surveillance system are not respected. However, control measures are needed to reduce any risk of transmission of Trichinella infection to humans.
The Physics of Life. Part II: The Neural Network as an Active Condensed Matter Body
Authors: Kukuruznyak Dmitry
Published: September 2022

Nonequilibrium “active agents” establish and break bonds with each other and create an evolving condensed state known as the active matter. Here, the active agents are neurons and the evolving condensed matter is the brain. This paper describes autonomous reconstructions of this active matter. It explains how the neural network creates the mind. The author notices that the active condensed matter made of neurons is similar to that of the molecular bodies of folding proteins and molecular machines, and conjectures that they generate autonomous motions by the same rules. The paper describes voluntary motions of the simple molecular condensed bodies and discusses their interactions with an external environment. In addition to generating motions, the active bodies register external signals and correspondingly adapt their behavior. The active condensed matter bodies can memorize their own active motions and then reproduce those motions. It is shown that deliberate manipulations can transform initially inactive, equilibrated, condensed matter into active matter. Based on this, the author suggests manufacturing artificial animate beings from inanimate matter. These prospective animate forms would be much simpler than real biological organisms. However, they could serve a useful purpose as “generators of autonomous behavior.” They would make decisions and solve problems by the same rules as actual neural networks. Therefore, synthetic active condensed matter could produce a basic artificial mind.
Creating Chinese Urbanism: Urban revolution and governance changes
Authors: Wu Fulong
Published: September 2022

Creating Chinese Urbanism describes the landscape of urbanisation in China, revealing the profound impacts of marketisation on Chinese society and the consequential governance changes at the grassroots level. During the imperial and socialist periods, state and society were embedded. However, as China has been becoming urban, the territorial foundation of ‘earth-bound’ society has been dismantled. This metaphorically started an urban revolution, which has transformed the social order derived from the ‘state in society’. The state has thus become more visible in Chinese urban life. Besides witnessing the breaking down of socially integrated neighbourhoods, Fulong Wu explains the urban roots of a rising state in China. Instead of governing through autonomous stakeholders, state-sponsored strategic intentions remain. In the urban realm, the desire for greater residential privacy does not foster collectivism. State-led rebuilding of residential communities has sped up the demise of traditionalism and given birth to a new China with greater urbanism and state-centred governance. Taking the vantage point of concrete residential neighbourhoods, Creating Chinese Urbanism offers a cutting-edge analysis of how China is becoming urban and grounds the changing state governance in the process of urbanization. Its original and material interpretation of the changing role of the state in China makes it suitable reading for researchers and students in the fields of urban studies, geography, planning and the built environment.
Kontribusi Orang Tua dalam Mencegah Terjadinya Nikah Dini di Desa Hargomulyo, Gunung Kidul Perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam
Authors: Ibrahim Malik , Haliman Nur
Published: September 2022

Kasus nikah dini di Desa Hargomulyo masih terjadi, keadaan ini dapat menghambat terwujudnya harapan keluarga sakinah mawadah wa rahmah, yang berakibat munculnya masalah-masalah sosial. Menyadari masih terjadinya kasus nikah dini di Desa Hargomulyo diperlukan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh orang tua sebagai kontrol sosial dan paling berpengaruh dalam sebuah keluarga. Artikel  ini berupaya untuk mencari jawaban  faktor penyebab terjadinya nikah dini, upaya yang dilakukan orang tua dalam mencegah terjadinya nikah dini dan bagaimana persepktif Tinjauan Sosiologi hukum Islamnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field research), bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya nikah dini yakni faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Kontribusi orang tua yakni dengan menjaga komunikasi keluarga, memberikan motivasi, menanamkan nilai-nilai keislaman dan pemantauan terhadap anak. Pengaruh hukum Islam terhadap perubahan masyarakat muslim, demikian juga sebaliknya pengaruh masyarakat muslim terhadap perkembangan hukum Islam. Sehingga berdasarkan analisis tersebut, maka upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh orang tua di Desa Hargomulyo, Kecamatan Gedangsari, Kabupaten Gunungkidul telah sesuai dengan perspektif Sosiologi Hukum Islam.
Evaluation of The Minimum Wage Determination System Indonesian Workers Based on Comparison Policy
Authors: Syirfan Muhammad Addi , Kamalludin Iqbal
Published: September 2022

This study was motivated by an increase in the average provincial minimum wage in 2022 across Indonesia by 1.09%. The percentage increase is considered not proportional to the increase in the price of goods to meet the needs of workers and their families. When compared to the average increase in the minimum wage in previous years, the provision of UMP increases in 2022 is relatively low. This research uses normative legal research methods with secondary data collection techniques. This research aims to educate a wide audience on the system of determining the minimum wage of Indonesian workers based on a comparison of wage policies. In addition, this study will provide an overview of the comparison of the wage system through the method of Government Regulation  78 of 2015 with Government Regulation 36 of 2021. The results of this study showed that the minimum wage determination system with the PP 78 method in 2015 prioritizes workers and their welfare. In addition, the government regulation uses democratic principles and considers the standard of living needs (KHL) in determining its minimum wage. Meanwhile, the minimum wage determination system using the PP 36 of 2021 method uses a established formula. The formula uses the upper median and lower median references in measuring the rate of salary increases of workers in Indonesia.
Register variation remains stable across 60 languages
Authors: Li Haipeng , Dunn Jonathan , Nini Andrea
Published: September 2022

This paper measures the stability of cross-linguistic register variation. A registeris a variety of a language that is associated with extra-linguistic context. The relationship between a register and its context is functional: the linguistic features that make up a register are motivated by the needs and constraints of the communicative situation. This view hypothesizes that register should be universal, so that we expect a stable relationship between the extra-linguistic context that defines a register and the sets of linguistic features which the register contains. In this paper, the universality and robustness of register variation is tested by comparing variation within versus between register-specific corpora in 60 languages using corpora produced in comparable communicative situations: tweets and Wikipedia articles. Our findings confirm the prediction that register variation is, in fact, universal.
RAFT polymerization-induced self-assembly of poly(ionic liquids) in ethanol
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Li Xiawei , Yan Youjun , Pan Rongkai , Liu Jun , Lian Meng , Luo Xin , Liu Guangyao
Published: September 2022

Poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) exhibit better durability, processability, and mechanical stability than ionic liquids. PIL self-assembly in green solvents is a well-established strategy for preparing polyelectrolytes. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has proven to be the most controllable method for synthesizing polyelectrolytes. However, there have been few reports on preparing high-order morphology PILs by RAFT-PISA. A new type of ionic monomer, 1-butyl-3-(4-vinylbenzyl)imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BVBIm][PF6]), was prepared from substitution reaction and ion exchange reaction of 1-butylimidazole and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride. Herein, various morphologies, including spheres, worms, and vesicles, were easily obtained via RAFT ethanolic dispersion polymerization using poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA43) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent and [BVBIm][PF6] as the monomer. Dispersion polymerization kinetic experiments, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry were used to investigate the PDMA43-b-P([BVBIm][PF6])
x
block nanoparticles. This efficient RAFT-PISA method for preparing functionalized PIL nano-objects with controlled morphologies represents significant progress in this field.
From bud to fruit and back to the roots of the European Journal of Applied Linguistics
Authors: Risse Stephanie
Published: September 2022

In this epilogue, the issues raised in the editorial are taken up and a possible framework for future research in the field of applied linguistics in and for Europe is outlined. It sketches in an essayist manner how and where important impulses of approaches from the 1970 s can be (re)discovered with a “look back ahead”, a “back to the roots”. In addition to a brief assessment of the current status of Applied Linguistics, the questions posed by the young researchers at AILA will be used to indicate the extent to which theoretical models of multilingualism and institutional communication can be taken up and possibly analytically expanded. The approach of “southern multilingualisms” seems to be just as fruitful here as the concept of “inclusive multilingualism”. Moreover, the epilogue is to be understood as a plea to take the epithet “European” of the journal EuJAL seriously.
Loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19: a narrative review
Authors: Jamil Anam , Syed Jaweria , Kanwal Sumaira , Ain Qurrat ul , Namroz Nazma , Gul Areej , Jamil Aniqa
Published: September 2022

Loneliness is the one of the common phase experienced during COVID-19 pandemic. It has impacted mental health of all ages specifically children and adolescents. The aim of this review was to assess level of loneliness and mental health related impacts of COVID-19 among both; children and adolescents. For this literature review, two independent reviewers searched articles on Cochrane library, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Science-direct. Both MeSH terms and free text terms were used for search purposes between December 01, 2019 and December 30, 2021. A total of 14 studies met inclusion criteria and of these, 8 studies were related to mental health related impacts of COVID-19 pandemic whereas 6 studies involved both aspects i.e. loneliness and mental health among children and adolescents. One study was qualitative, one interventional, and remaining 12 were cross-sectional surveys. The findings of this review suggest an increase in level of loneliness and mental health related impacts during COVID-19 pandemic among children and adolescents. Loneliness, social distancing and internet usage therefore re strongly correlated with mental health related issues including stress, anxiety and depression.
The nominative-to-accusative shift in Japanese: diachronic and synchronic considerations
Authors: Nambu Satoshi , Oshima David Y. , Sano Shin-ichiro
Published: September 2022

Some Japanese predicates allow their object to be marked either with the accusative particle o, the canonical marker of an object, or with the nominative particle ga, the canonical marker of a subject. This work reports and discusses the results of corpus-based surveys on the patterns and recent trends in nominative-marking on objects. It will be demonstrated: (i) that there has been an increase in the proportion of accusative-marking over nominative-marking in recent times, (ii) that accusative-marking is more likely to be chosen in certain types of subordinate clauses than in matrix clauses, and (iii) that at least with some types of predicates, accusative-marking on the object is more likely when its referent is animate rather than inanimate. It will be argued that the effects of clause type and animacy have to do with the functional motivation to mitigate processing load and the risk of misinterpretation incurred by nominative-marking on objects.
So weit das eigene auge reicht
Authors: Schnoor Henrika
Published: September 2022

Der US-amerikanische Designer Samuel Nelson Peter ­Finkelstein (1907–1984) – er sollte sich später Peter Fink zum Künstlernamen wählen – begann sich erst relativ spät, als er bereits in seinen 40er Jahren stand, für die Fotografie zu begeistern. Aus den folgenden drei Jahrzehnten seines Schaffens als Fotograf und Bildjournalist stammen geschätzte 1 000 Fotografien, die heute in namhaften Häusern wie dem Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, der Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris oder dem Museum für Moderne Kunst in Frankfurt am Main aufbewahrt und gezeigt werden. 242 der meist schwarz-weißen Originalabzüge fanden ihren Weg nach Hessen und wurden vom 2. Oktober 2021 bis zum 16. Januar 2022 im Fotografie Forum Frankfurt (FFF) ausgestellt. Dabei arbeiteten die Kuratorinnen Celina Lunsford und Andrea Horvay eng mit Monique Fink, der Witwe des Fotografen, zusammen und publizierten im Mai 2020 das ausstellungsbegleitende Buch „Peter Fink. My Mind’s Eye“, in dem bereits bekannte, aber auch von ihnen neu entdeckte Fotografien Finks gezeigt werden, begleitet von einem Essay der beiden Autorinnen.
Multimarket Contact and Profitability Implications for US Airlines
Authors: Yimga Jules
Published: September 2022

Routine industrial analyses use internal market characteristics such as market shares to proxy for market power. However, recent studies argue that factors that are external to the market such as contact across multiple markets can be linked to tacit collusion. Using a structural demand and supply model for air travel, we quantify the variable profit effects of multimarket contact. We find that multimarket contact results in increases in variable profits ranging between $15,000 and $20,000 per contact in a quarter. Extrapolating this estimate across all contacts proves to be quite sizeable. These positive responses in profitability are especially stronger in less competitive markets. Our results, taken together, lend support to the mutual forbearance hypothesis.
Factors associated with the use of assistive technologies in elders in their home environments
Authors: Silva Luipa Michele , Souza Ana Carolina de , Fhon Jack Roberto Silva , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Santos Larissa Azevedo dos , Gomes Maria Fernanda Costa Troncha
Published: September 2022

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the use of assistive technologies by elders in their home environment. Methods: cross-sectional, analytical, and exploratory study with 127 elders capable of answering the data collection instruments. Analyses were carried out using Student's t, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: in regard to the type of assistive device used, 52.8% of interviewees used orthoses or prostheses, 48.8% used shower chairs, and 47.2% used wheelchairs.  In the comparative analysis of the means, there was a statistically significant association between basic daily life activities and cognitive state. In basic daily life activities (r=0.52), as the score of the elderly in Katz's Index increases, the use of assistive devices also increases. In turn, as the Lawton and Brody Scale (r=-0.279) increases, the number of devices decreases. Conclusion: the prevalence of elders who use assistive devices in their homes was high, showing a direct association with their functional capacity and their performance of basic and instrumental daily life activities. Contributions to practice: this research contributes for the organization of elderly assistance by nursing workers, encouraging elder independence and autonomy.
Diabetes mellitus and severity by COVID-19 in hospitalized Brazilians
Authors: Garces Thiago Santos , Sousa George Jó Bezerra , Cestari Virna Ribeiro Feitosa , Mattos Samuel Miranda , Florêncio Raquel Sampaio , Pereira Maria Lúcia Duarte , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães
Published: September 2022

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of severity of hospitalized cases of COVID-19 and its association with diabetes mellitus. Methods: a cross-sectional study, which used secondary data from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, totaling 405,294 confirmed cases. To verify the association of diabetes and severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, Poisson regression models with robust variance estimator were used. Initially, the association of disease with outcome was verified; next, several adjustments for potential confounders were performed. Results: the prevalence of diabetes in the 405,294 hospitalized and positive cases was 25.7% (Confidence Interval: 25.5% - 25.8%). After adjustments, diabetes was found to increase the severity of COVID-19 by 19% (Confidence Interval: 1.17 - 2.21). Conclusion: a significant association of diabetes mellitus with severe cases of COVID-19 infection has been identified. Contributions to practice: the evidence generated by the study guides the risk stratification of patients and directs clinical management.
Meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of oblique lateral interbody fusion and transforaminal interbody fusion in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis
Authors: Sun Wen-xi , Liu Hao-nan , Chen Meng-tong , Lin Yong-peng , Wang Hong-shen , Chen Bo-lai
Published: September 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis by meta-analysis.

Methods

A computer-based search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, and Wanfang Digital Periodicals was conducted from the time of inception of each database to December 2021. The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software provided by the Cochrane Library.

Results

Thirteen studies were included in the statistical analysis. One randomized controlled study and 12 cohort studies with 954 patients were included. In terms of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, Oswestry disability index score, intervertebral height, and complications, the OLIF group was better than the TLIF group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of visual analogue scale score, lumbar lordosis or fused segment lordosis (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Both OLIF and TLIF are effective surgical modalities in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. They achieve similar therapeutic effects, but OLIF is superior to TLIF in restoring intervertebral height. At the same time, OLIF has the advantages of short operation time and less intraoperative blood loss.
A comparative study of some of the mechanical properties of pine wood heat treated in vacuum, nitrogen, and air atmospheres
Authors: Bal Bekir Cihad
Published: September 2022

The use of heat treatment to modify wood using different treatment heat transfer media, such as nitrogen, vegetable oil, steam, and vacuum, is preferable in many respects to other methods that use chemical treatments. However, the results of the heat treatment differ based on the heat transfer media that are used. In this study, the thermal modification of black pine wood in vacuum, nitrogen, and air atmospheres was studied. The heat treatments were conducted at temperatures of 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C. After the heat treatments, the density, mass loss, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and impact of bending of heat-treated black pine wood were determined. The results indicated that the density, modulus of rupture, and impact of bending decreased as the temperature increased. In addition, the greatest decrease in the mechanical properties of the wood occurred in the test samples that were treated in air. The vacuum atmosphere was least harmful to the mechanical properties of the wood, and the differences in the mechanical properties of the wood that were heat treated in vacuum and nitrogen were unnoticeable.
Impact of steaming on the chemical composition of maple wood
Authors: Výbohová Eva , Geffertová Jarmila , Geffert Anton
Published: September 2022

Chemical changes resulting from the thermal treatment of maple wood (Acer platanoides L.) through various steaming techniques were evaluated. Main wood components were isolated and characterized from the maple wood samples after steaming. Then, the isolated holocellulose and dioxane lignin were analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of an increase in temperature and extension of the steaming period were seen primarily in the holocellulose and extractives contents, and less in the cellulose and lignin components. Certain steaming methods resulted in an increase in chemical composition, while others saw a decrease. The cellulose content of steamed maple wood was not considerably altered; however, the cellulose crystallinity did increase. The slight changes observed in this study can be attributed to several concurrent effects. While the lignin content in steamed maple wood showed only minimal changes, there were several changes in the structure of the lignin macromolecule. Demethoxylation, the decrease in the ratio of syringyl-propane to guaiacyl-propane units, and the formation of new alpha-C=O bonds were also observed. The hydrothermal treatment of wood also resulted in color changes of wood samples; the intensity of the change depended on the intensity of the treatment.
A Marcinkiewicz Type Interpolation Theorem for Orlicz Spaces and Its Application
Authors: Xie Xiaoqiang , Fu Xi , Li Changmin
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we show a Marcinkiewicz type interpolation theorem for Orlicz spaces. As an application, we obtain an existence result for a parabolic equation in divergence form.
Clustering emotions in Portuguese
Authors: Santos Diana , Simões Alberto
Published: September 2022

In this paper we present some exploratory studies of emotion words based on large annotated corpora of Portuguese. Those corpora were automatically annotated with emotionality, and each emotion word was assigned one or more groups out of 26 emotion groups. Our goal is to evaluate those groups by applying different statistical approaches to our material, namely based on (a) co-occurrence in a sentence as a sign of closeness of meaning, and (b) word embeddings. After looking at the full material, we turn our attention to two specific emotion groups: Amor (‘love’) and Desespero (‘despair’), investigating whether clustering with those underlying techniques can help improve the shape, or redesign, particular emotion groups. In the paper we suggest some novel forms of measuring semantic coherence on word embedding models. Since computational research on emotion words in Portuguese is still rare, our methods and resources will lay the ground for future investigations.
Sets in the Normalized Spaces Completion
Authors:   Perm State Univesity, Elenskaya Elizaveta , Elenskiy Uriy ,   Perm State Univesity
Published: September 2022

The article investigates the set closure in the normalized space completion. The adherent point of a set criterion is given and proved.
Investigation of a Neural Network Decomposition by Proteus Design Suite
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Bahtin Vadim , Podlesnykh Ivan A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Tyurin Sergey F. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Perm State University
Published: September 2022

The division of a monolithic neural network into blocks with their implementation on programmable logic within the framework of the Fog computing concept is considered. It is assumed that considering possible reconfiguration the implementation of blocks is performed on programmable logic: field-programmable gate array, FPGA (complex programmable logic device, CPLD), System-on-a-Chip, SoC or System-in-Package, SiP. The article explores such an implementation in the Proteus Design Suite based on ATMega32 microcontrollers. Modeling confirms the efficiency of the developed decomposition method. The research was carried out under the RFBR grant 20-37-90036 (Method of synthesizing neural network recognition devices for implementing the Fog computing mode).
Creation of an Integrated Data Model of the Heterogeneous Sources Containing Digital Footprints
Authors:   Perm State Univesity, Chernov Pavel , Rabchevskiy Evgeniy ,   "SEUSLAB" LLC
Published: September 2022

The article revealed the creation of an integrated data models based on ontology. The prototype that implements the integration of data by several heterogeneous sources and performs a logical reasoning required by the scoring anti-fraud system is presented.