bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postoperative epistaxis and sphenoid sinus ostial stenosis after posterior septal branch injury during sphenoidotomy
Authors: Kam Joanna , Ahmad Abid , Williams Amy , Peterson Edward L. , Craig John R.
Published: April 2019

Background

Postoperative arterial epistaxis and sphenoid sinus stenosis after sphenoidotomies for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and transsphenoidal approaches (TSAs) are uncommon. One potential source of epistaxis after sphenoidotomy is the sphenopalatine artery's posterior septal branch (PSB). PSB injury, in addition to other factors, could increase the risk of sphenoid stenosis. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence of, and risks factors for, the following outcomes after sphenoidotomy: PSB injury; postoperative epistaxis from the injured PSB; and sphenoid stenosis after PSB injury.

Methods

A single‐institution, prospective case series was conducted based on 233 sphenoidotomies performed during ESS (n = 163) and TSAs (n = 70). Outcome measures included intraoperative PSB injury, postoperative epistaxis from the PSB, and sphenoid stenosis.

Results

The incidence of PSB injury was 17.2% during ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, and 5.7% during TSA‐related sphenoidotomies (p = 0.010). After PSB injury during ESS‐ and TSA‐related sphenoidotomies (n = 32), there was 1 instance of epistaxis from the PSB (3.1%). Of the 161 ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, 6 developed complete or near‐complete stenosis (3.7%), which was more likely to occur with smaller anterior sphenoid face dimensions (p = 0.001). PSB injury, revision sphenoidotomy, and other factors did not increase the risk of stenosis. None of the TSA‐related sphenoidotomies stenosed completely. Median follow‐up was 7 months.

Conclusion

PSB injury occurred in 17.2% of ESS‐related sphenoidotomies and 5.8% of TSA‐related sphenoidotomies. After PSB injury, postoperative epistaxis from the PSB was rare (3.1%). After ESS‐related sphenoidotomies, sphenoid stenosis was rare (3.7%), and was more likely to occur with smaller sphenoid dimensions, but not with PSB injury or other factors.
In vitro anti‐proliferative and in silico docking studies of heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of pyridazine‐based ligands and ciprofloxacin
Authors: Rafi U. Muhammed , Mahendiran D. , Kumar R. Senthil , Rahiman A. Kalilur
Published: April 2019

Three heteroleptic copper(II) complexes of the type [Cu(L1–3)(cf)(ClO4)] (1–3), where cf = ciprofloxacin, have been synthesized using pyridazine‐based ligands 3‐chloro‐6‐(salicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL1), 3‐chloro‐6‐(4‐diethylaminosalicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL2) and 3‐chloro‐6‐(5‐bromosalicylidenehydrazinyl)pyridazine (HL3). Electronic spectral data and magnetic moment values suggest octahedral geometry for the synthesized copper(II) complexes. Electrochemical data of the copper(II) complexes present an irreversible one‐electron reduction wave in the cathodic potential region (Epc) between −0.631 and −0.670 V. Frontier molecular orbital calculations were carried out, and the obtained low‐energy gap supports the bio‐efficacy of the complexes. All the complexes were screened for their in vitro cytotoxicity activity against three human cancerous (breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), hepatoma (HepG‐2) and cervical (HeLa)) and one non‐cancerous (non‐tumorigenic human dermal fibroblast (NHDF)) cell lines using MTT assay, in which complex 2 exhibited higher activity. The apoptosis induction by the complexes was analysed using the Hoechst dye staining method with MCF‐7 cell line, which indicates higher apoptotic activity of complex 2. A molecular docking study was carried out to ascertain the binding affinity of the synthesized heteroleptic copper(II) complexes with phosphoinositide 3‐kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) receptor.
The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the mechanical relaxation of magnetic polymer hybrid films composed of a polystyrene matrix, a fractional calculus approach
Authors: Rentería‐Baltiérrez F. Y. , Reyes‐Melo M. E. , López‐Walle B. , García‐Loera A. F.
Published: April 2019

A magnetic polymer hybrid film (MPHF) with a thickness of ~80 μm, composed of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in a polystyrene (PS) matrix, was successfully prepared. Its structure and morphology were analyzed by HRTEM, XRD, and FTIR. The optical and magnetic behaviors were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy and VSM, respectively. The main relaxation of the MPHF was characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and the molecular mobility was analyzed by a fractional Zener model (FZM). Results obtained by DMA reveal the mechanical manifestation of the
α‐relaxation for both, PS and MPHF, and how this process is modified by IONPs into MPHFs. Good agreement between experimental DMA spectra and the theoretical results calculated from the FZM was obtained. Fractional parameters
a and
b characterize the molecular mobility at low and high temperatures, respectively. These results show that at low temperatures (
a parameter), molecular mobility is slightly affected by the presence of IONPs, while at high temperatures (
b parameter), molecular mobility is affected in a greater degree. IONPs decrease the molecular mobility of PS matrix; this effect is more pronounced at temperatures above the glass transition temperature. These results validate the effect of IONPs on PS matrix considering future applications of the MPHFs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47840.
The Things We Talk About When We Talk About Browsing: An Empirical Typology of Library Browsing Behavior
Authors: McKay Dana , Chang Shanton , Smith Wally , Buchanan George
Published: April 2019

Libraries increasingly offer much of their collection online, rendering it invisible or unavailable to readers who, for reasons of information experience, prefer to browse the shelves. Although the evidence that shelf browsing is an important part of information behavior is increasing, information browsing as a behavior is somewhat of a black box (in contrast to web browsing, which is relatively well understood). It seems likely from early work that browsing is not, in fact, a monolithic behavior, but rather a set of behaviors and goals. The typologies presented in these works, however, are of a too high level to offer much insight into what support is needed for successful online browsing. In contrast, a recent spate of speculative browsing technologies meet some browsing needs, but offer little theoretical understanding of how systems support browsing. The major contribution of this article is a new typology of library browsing behavior based on recent observations of browsing behavior in libraries. The secondary contribution is an understanding of the interface features that would support these types of information browsers in an online environment.
Energy transfer induced white‐light‐emitting phosphor by co‐doping Ce3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+ into the single Ba9Lu2Si6O24 host
Authors: Teng Yongfu
Published: April 2019

In the Ba9Lu2Si6O24 (BLS) host, Ce3+ shows cyan emissions peaking at 490 nm under 400 nm excitations. BLS:Tb3+ only can be effectively excited by 254 nm light and gives rise to green emissions at 553 nm. However, both the cyan and green emissions can be obtained in BLS:Ce3+,Tb3+ under 400 nm excitations due to effective energy transfers from Ce3+ to Tb3+. BLS:Mn2+ shows red emissions peaking at 610 nm under 414 nm excitations. By co‐doping Ce3+, Tb3+ and Mn2+, tunable full‐color emissions were obtained. The BLS:0.3Ce3+,0.6Tb3+,0.15Mn2+ single phosphor exhibits a white light with a high color rendering index of 85 and a correlated color temperature of 5480 K under 400 nm excitation.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 gene polymorphisms are associated with ischemic stroke severity and early neurologic deterioration in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yi Xingyang , Zhou Qiang , Sui Guo , Fan Daofeng , Zhang Yongyin , Shao Minjie , Han Zhao , Luo Hua , Lin Jing , Zhou Ju
Published: April 2019

Objectives

The mechanisms of ischemic stroke severity and early neurologic deterioration (END) are not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of six variants in MMP‐9 gene with ischemic stroke severity and the risk for END in ischemic stroke (IS) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

This was a multi‐center, prospective, observational study of 615 acute IS patients with AF admitted to six participating hospitals between June 2016 and October 2017. Ischemic stroke severity was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission. END was defined as an increase of four or more points in NIHSS within 10 days of admission. Six variants of MMP‐9 gene were examined using mass spectrometry.

Results

Among the 615 enrolled patients, 112 (18.2%) patients presented with moderate or severe stroke (NIHSS score ≥16), and 108 (17.6%) patients suffered from END within 10 days of admission. Multiple logistic analysis showed that prestroke antiplatelet therapy, prestroke anticoagulant therapy, rs3918242 CT/TT, and rs3787268 AG/GG were independent predictors for stroke severity. Cox proportional hazard regression revealed that diabetes mellitus, prestroke antiplatelet therapy, prestroke anticoagulant therapy, rs1056628 AC/CC, and rs3918242 CT/TT were independently associated with the risk of END.

Conclusions

The incidence of moderate or severe stroke and END was very common in acute IS patients with AF. MMP‐9 polymorphisms were independently associated with severe stroke and higher risk of END, and prestroke antithrombotic treatment was associated with less severe stroke and lower risk of END in patients with AF.
Sharing personal information about anatomical body donors: What first‐year medical students want to know and how it affects emotional responses to dissection
Authors: Greene Sarah J. , Rosen Lee
Published: April 2019

Among educators who teach in the human anatomy laboratory, there has been lively debate about sharing information about anatomical donors. One consideration in this debate is concern about the emotional effect of personalizing donors on the students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate student responses to being exposed to donor information (DI). Three cohorts of first‐year medical students (n = 284) were surveyed at four time points throughout the year. Surveys queried students about positive and negative responses to working in the laboratory, wanting to know specific DI, and if knowing this DI would/did affect their responses to working with donors. Analyses examined the relationships between desire to know DI and indices of the following: positive response index (PRI), negative response index (NRI), avoid‐approach index (AAI), and compassion‐respect index. Across all surveys, a majority of respondents wanted to know some form of DI. At all time points, a majority of respondents felt that knowing all types of DI would increase their positive responses to working with donors. A greater PRI and AAI tended to be associated with wanting to know more personal DI (e.g., names and personal histories). A greater NRI tended to be associated with anticipating that learning personal DI would increase their negative responses before entering the laboratory, which did not persist after dissection began. These data suggest that for a majority of students, knowing personal DI increases their positive response and does not elicit negative responses to dissection or working with anatomical donors. Clin. Anat. 32:1019–1032, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Melorheostosis in the pediatric hand
Authors: Farr Sebastian
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical Message

It is important to consider the rare case of a melorheostosis in patients presenting with soft tissue swelling, joint contractures, and “dripping candle wax”‐like hyperostoses visible on hand radiographs. Clinical sequelae such as carpal tunnel syndrome or trigger finger have to be ruled out. Symptomatic therapy is usually sufficient.
Planar‐Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane‐Based Pyridonates as Ligands for Tantalum‐Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation
Authors: Braun Carolin , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan , Schafer Laurel L.
Published: April 2019

By using planar chiral [2.2]paracyclophane‐containing N,O‐chelating ligands for tantalum‐catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation, one of the most versatile catalytic systems for this reaction to date was obtained. Convenient Csp3−Csp3 bond formation of amines with terminal and internal alkenes was enabled by the same in situ synthesized catalytic system of [2.2]paracyclophane‐based pyridonates and Ta(CH2TMS)3Cl2 that shows also very promising results for N‐containing heterocycles.
Structure‐Function Relationships in Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural under Mild Conditions by Porous Ionic Crystals Constructed with Analogous Building Blocks
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Kamata Keigo , Hayashi Eri , Hara Michikazu , Uchida Sayaka
Published: April 2019

5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important bio‐based chemical, which has been recognized as a key platform chemical for furan‐based polymers, biomass‐derived fuels, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Catalytic conversion of fructose into HMF is an important reaction, and the development of an efficient heterogeneous catalysts with high selectivity towards HMF is highly desired. In this study, several porous ionic crystals with a Keggin‐type polyoxometalate [PW12O40]3− and a macrocation [Cr3O(OOCCH2CN)6(H2O)3]+ as building blocks are synthesized, and the structures are solved by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities are basically dependent on the porosity, and the compound with a mesopore (aperture: 3 nm×2 nm) showed the highest HMF yield (30 % at 353 K in methanol/toluene solvent).
Ist der Vergleich von Einsturzhäufigkeiten und Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten sinnvoll?
Authors: Proske Dirk
Published: April 2019

Kurzfassung

Die Berechnung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von technischen Erzeugnissen im Allgemeinen und Bauwerken im Besonderen ist heute Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik. In diesem Beitrag werden berechnete Versagenswahrscheinlichkeiten von Kernkraftwerken, Brücken und Dämmen mit beobachteten Versagenshäufigkeiten verglichen. Im Anschluss daran werden die Ergebnisse des Vergleichs diskutiert und es wird thematisiert, ob solche Vergleiche sinnvoll sind.
Tragverhalten von mechanischen Befestigungen in dünnen Betonbauteilen
Authors: Schwenn Michael , Niederkofler Hagen , Zeman Oliver
Published: April 2019

Kurzfassung

In diesem Beitrag werden Grenzfälle in der Anwendung von nachträglichen Befestigungen in dünnen Bauteilen bzw. dünnen Platten diskutiert. Bisher waren die meisten Produkte auf eine Anwendung in Bauteilen mit einer Mindestbauteildicke von h = 100 mm begrenzt, mittlerweile gibt es auch Produkte, welche einen Anwendungsbereich bis zu h ≥ 80 mm erlauben. Diese Mindestbauteildicke ist im Rahmen des Bewertungsverfahrens experimentell zu überprüfen und der Einfluss auf die Auszugslast zu bestimmen. Es wurden Versuchsreihen auf dünnen Bauteilen mit einer Stärke von 8 cm mit unterschiedlichen Abstützweiten und zum Vergleich auf Platten mit einer Stärke von 30 cm durchgeführt. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die max. Auszugslasten in den Platten mit einer Stärke von 8 cm im Durchschnitt um ca. 20–40 % geringer sind als jene der Vergleichsversuche in der Platte mit einer Stärke von 30 cm. Insbesondere sind Unterschiede in den aufgetretenen Versagensarten festzustellen. Ein genereller Einfluss durch eine Biegung im dünnen Bauteil bei großen Abstützweiten auf die Tragfähigkeit konnte auf Basis der Versuche nicht festgestellt werden.
Assessment of the behavior of vertical ties in RC structures under progressive collapse
Authors: Droogné Didier , Botte Wouter , Caspeele Robby
Published: April 2019

Despite the recent amount of theoretical and technological developments, structural robustness is still an issue of controversy being underlined by several progressive collapses in the past. Current design codes point out different strategies, among which strategies to limit progressive structural damage by applying prescriptive design and detailing rules. For example, for consequence class 2 structures, EN1991‐1‐7 defines a risk class CC2b for which also vertical ties are required. However, the background of the design values of vertical ties in current codes is not clear and their adequacy should be validated. Moreover, effects such as membrane action and Vierendeel action are important to consider when assessing structural robustness and are difficult to incorporate when applying only traditional design methodologies. To this extent, a set of numerical simulations have been executed in this contribution in order to verify and investigate the progressive collapse behavior of RC frames including the redistribution of internal forces and the response of the vertical ties in columns.
Effizienter Ultrahochleistungsbeton mit innovativer trajektorienorientierter „Bewehrung“
Authors: Lauff Philipp , Fischer Oliver
Published: April 2019

Kurzfassung

Die Verwendung von Hochleistungs‐ und Ultrahochleistungsbeton hat in den letzten Jahren vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt und es wurden erste Brückenbauwerke und Gebäude aus diesen Werkstoffen hergestellt. Dabei kommen im Regelfall Stahl‐ und Mikrostahlfasern zur Verstärkung der Zugzone zum Einsatz. Es wird jedoch nur in wenigen Fällen ein überkritischer Fasergehalt angestrebt, da damit einerseits die Verarbeitbarkeit erschwert wird und andererseits auch die Kosten entsprechend ansteigen. Anders verhalten sich Carbonkurzfasern, die mittels einer Düsentechnik gezielt ausgerichtet werden und so die Zugfestigkeit des Verbundwerkstoffs um ein Vielfaches steigern können. Bei einem solchen „Carbonkurzfaserbeton“ (carbon short fibre reinforced concrete, CSFRC) liegt das Augenmerk ausdrücklich auf dem für überkritische Fasergehalte typischen Tragverhalten. Dabei lassen sich besonders leistungsfähige Bauteile herstellen (i. d. R. im 3‐D‐Druckverfahren), wenn die Ausrichtung der in die Zementmatrix eingebetteten Carbonfasern am Verlauf der Hauptzugspannungen orientiert wird.
Perforierte Betonschalen
Authors: Sobek Werner , Kovaleva Daria , Gericke Oliver
Published: April 2019

Kurzfassung

Die für die Errichtung von Schalentragwerken einzusetzenden Mengen an Material können durch eine gradierte Perforation in großem Umfang reduziert werden. Perforation wird dabei als eine zweidimensionale Porosität definiert. Ihre Gradierung erfolgt anhand des Spannungszustands innerhalb einer Struktur und verfolgt das Ziel maximaler Gewichtsreduktion bei gleichbleibender Tragfähigkeit. In diesem Beitrag wird die Methode zur Entwicklung einer gradierten Perforation sowie deren Validierung beschrieben. Die Validierung erfolgte anhand eines Demonstrators eines 6  ×  6  ×  3,5 m Schalentragwerks, dessen Gewicht durch die Perforation um 40 % reduziert werden konnte.
From Reactivity and Regioselectivity to Stereoselectivity: An Odyssey of Designing PIP Amine and Related Directing Groups for C—H Activation
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: April 2019

Improving the reactivity and selectivity is a long pursuing goal in C—H functionalization reactions. In line with this goal, a well‐designed bidentate 2‐(pyridine‐yl)isopropyl amine (PIP amine) directing group was developed by our group to achieve the activation of unbiased methylene C(sp3)–H activation, which also found its broad applications in C—H activation reactions catalyzed by base metals, such as Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, to form various C—C and C—X bonds. Moreover, PIP amine has also been applied in the strategic step toward the total synthesis of aeruginosin marine natural products. Its highly tunable structure has triggered the design of a series of chiral auxiliaries for diastereoselective C—H activation. More recently, Pd(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of unbiased methylene C(sp3)–H bonds enabled by the cooperative effects between PIP amine and chiral ligands with axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold has also been realized. In this account, we briefly summaries the journey of developing PIP amine for C—H activation, from controlling the reactivity and regioselectivity to stereoselectivity.
Survival outcomes by high‐risk human papillomavirus status in nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: A propensity‐scored analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Tian Sibo , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Jhaveri Jaymin , Cassidy Richard J. , Ferris Matthew J. , Press Robert H. , Pfister Neil T. , Patel Mihir R. , Saba Nabil F. , McDonald Mark W. , Higgins Kristin A. , Yu David S. , Curran Walter J. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Beitler Jonathan J.
Published: April 2019

Background

The prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with nonoropharyngeal (OPX) squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the head and neck is controversial. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of high‐risk HPV status on overall survival (OS) in patients with non‐OPX SCC using a large database approach.

Methods

The National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify patients diagnosed from 2004 through 2014 with SCC of the OPX, hypopharynx (HPX), larynx, and oral cavity (OC) with known HPV status. Survival was estimated using Kaplan‐Meier methods; distributions were compared using log‐rank tests. Propensity score–matching and inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) methods were used; cohorts were matched based on age, sex, Charlson‐Deyo score, clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage, treatments received, and anatomic subsite. Propensity analyses were stratified by group stage of disease.

Results

A total of 24,740 patients diagnosed from 2010 through 2013 were analyzed: 1085 patients with HPX, 4804 with laryngeal, 4,018 with OC, and 14,833 with OPX SCC. The percentages of HPV‐positive cases by disease site were 17.7% for HPX, 11% for larynx, 10.6% for OC, and 62.9% for OPX. HPV status was found to be prognostic in multiple unadjusted and propensity‐adjusted non‐OPX populations. HPV positivity was associated with superior OS in patients with HPX SCC with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (P < .001 by IPTW), in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB laryngeal SCC (HR, 0.79; P = .019 by IPTW), and in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB OC SCC (HR, 0.78; P = .03 by IPTW).

Conclusions

Positive high‐risk HPV status appears to be associated with longer OS in multiple populations of patients with non‐OPX head and neck disease (HPX, locally advanced larynx, and OC). If prospectively validated, these findings have implications for risk stratification.
Fertility‐related experiences after breast cancer diagnosis in the Sister and Two Sister Studies
Authors: Hawkins Bressler Leah , Mersereau Jennifer E. , Anderson Chelsea , Rodriguez Juan L. , Hodgson M. Elizabeth , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P. , Nichols Hazel B.
Published: April 2019

Background

Commonly used chemotherapies can be toxic to the ovaries. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of studies evaluating receipt of fertility counseling for women in their reproductive years have been performed in specific settings, thereby limiting generalizability.

Methods

A nationwide sample of US women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 years completed a survey assessing the prevalence of fertility counseling. Age‐adjusted log‐binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for fertility counseling.

Results

Among 432 survivors diagnosed between 2004 and 2011, 288 (67%) had not discussed the effects of treatment on fertility with a health care provider before or during treatment. Fertility discussion was associated with younger age (PR, 3.49 [95% CI, 2.66‐4.58] for aged <35 years vs ≥40 years) and lower parity (PR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.29‐2.53] for parity 1 vs 2). Approximately 20% of respondents reported that they were interested in future fertility (87 of 432 respondents) at the time of their diagnosis, but not all of these individuals (66 of 87 respondents) received counseling regarding the impact of treatment on their fertility, and few (8 of 87 respondents) used fertility preservation strategies. Among 68 women with a fertility interest who provided reasons for not taking steps to preserve fertility, reasons cited included concern for an adverse impact on cancer treatment (56%), lack of knowledge (26%), decision to not have a child (24%), and cost (18%).

Conclusions

Across multiple treatment settings, the majority of women of reproductive age who are diagnosed with breast cancer did not discuss fertility with a health care provider or use fertility preservation strategies. Discussing the potential impact of cancer treatment on future fertility is an important aspect of patient education.
Morphology Tuneable and Multifunctional Polystyrene‐Silicone Nano‐Composite Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Seeger Stefan
Published: April 2019

Nanostructured materials have shown extraordinary promise for high surface area applications. Here we report the design of polystyrene (PS)‐silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) composites, which can be flexibly grown on various substrates. The high surface area achieved by the SNFs is further extended by grafting with polystyrene. By changing the polymerization conditions and post treatment methods, the morphology of grafted PS is easily tuned into three types: leaf‐shaped, bead‐shaped and well‐wrapped. The tuneable morphology of PS is optimized for oil‐water separation and photocatalytic reactions and exhibited improved performances.
Pharmacogenomics‐Driven Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes: A Machine‐Learning Approach With Multi‐trial Replication
Authors: Athreya Arjun P. , Neavin Drew , Carrillo‐Roa Tania , Skime Michelle , Biernacka Joanna , Frye Mark A. , Rush A. John , Wang Liewei , Binder Elisabeth B. , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Bobo William V.
Published: April 2019

We set out to determine whether machine learning–based algorithms that included functionally validated pharmacogenomic biomarkers joined with clinical measures could predict selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) remission/response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We studied 1,030 white outpatients with MDD treated with citalopram/escitalopram in the Mayo Clinic Pharmacogenomics Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN‐AMPS; n = 398), Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D; n = 467), and International SSRI Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ISPC; n = 165) trials. A genomewide association study for PGRN‐AMPS plasma metabolites associated with SSRI response (serotonin) and baseline MDD severity (kynurenine) identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1, ERICH3, AHR, and TSPAN5 that we tested as predictors. Supervised machine‐learning methods trained using SNPs and total baseline depression scores predicted remission and response at 8 weeks with area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) > 0.7 (P < 0.04) in PGRN‐AMPS patients, with comparable prediction accuracies > 69% (P ≤ 0.07) in STAR*D and ISPC. These results demonstrate that machine learning can achieve accurate and, importantly, replicable prediction of SSRI therapy response using total baseline depression severity combined with pharmacogenomic biomarkers.
Resilience to disturbance is a cross‐scale phenomenon offering a solution to the disturbance paradox
Authors: Hanna L. , Kissick A. L. , McCroskey E. , Holland J. D.
Published: April 2019

Resilience is the ability of an ecosystem to return to a previous state following disturbance. Ecological communities may demonstrate resilience after long periods of time. However, short‐term outcomes of disturbance may be reduced functionality despite an increase in biodiversity, a phenomenon known as the disturbance paradox. Silvicultural management regimes are ecological disturbances that vary with the frequency of tree harvests, the age of the tree when harvested, spatial arrangement of harvest, and the area of forest removed. Therefore, they are expected to result in different levels of resilience among forest communities over time. We used the response of temperate hardwood forest beetle communities to different timber harvest treatments in a long‐term research study to test predictions of ecosystem resilience. We also aimed to determine whether this system shows evidence of the disturbance paradox. We predicted that (1) communities following harvest differ from pre‐harvest communities, (2) areas treated with even‐aged management and uneven‐aged management would show community trajectories back to pre‐harvest communities, (3) the more concentrated disturbance of the even‐aged management would lead to a lower community resilience, and (4) community change would be attributed to an increase in pest species using recently harvested wood. The communities did change after timber harvests, but while the dissimilarity between pre‐ and post‐treatment communities was the same for the two treatments, the departure and return to the pre‐harvest community state were along different community trajectories. Furthermore, communities in both treatments showed similar resilience by returning to pre‐harvest community composition at the same rate. As predicted, the abundance of species most responsible for post‐harvest community shifts were those that feed on living wood. This, along with a decrease in abundance of decaying wood decomposers, indicated that the disturbance paradox was playing out in this system.
Psychological individual differences as predictors of refugees’ local language proficiency
Authors: Asfar Dan , Born Marise Ph. , Oostrom Janneke K. , van Vugt Mark
Published: April 2019

Learning the local language is important for the successful integration of immigrants. Previous research has identified a number of sociodemographic factors that are associated with the effectiveness of local language acquisition among immigrants, but little is known about the influence of psychological differences on immigrants’ local language acquisition. In the present research, individual differences in general mental ability (GMA), work search intention, and personality traits Conscientiousness and Openness were studied among recently arrived Syrian (n = 1054) and Eritrean (n = 500) refugees in the Netherlands. The results revealed that in addition to the effects of age of arrival, local length of stay, premigration educational attainment, and psychological distress, GMA and work search intention were positively associated with refugees’ local language proficiency. Additionally, work search intention was found to strengthen the effect of GMA on local language proficiency. No positive linear effects were observed for Conscientiousness and Openness. Some evidence was found for curvilinear relationships between psychological predictors and local language proficiency. Implications are discussed.
Development of Intermediates for High‐Energy Content New Biomass‐Derived Jet and Diesel Fuels with a Robust Rapid Green Reaction
Authors: Li Zhanchao , Wang Yizhuo , Wang Hong
Published: April 2019

Biofuel, as a renewable energy, has gained much attention due to the threat of exhaustion of fossil sources and the enormous pressure of environmental pollution. However, biofuels often suffer from low densities and high volatilities, which limit their application in important liquid transportation fuels, for example, jet and diesel fuels. At present, the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass‐derived chemicals has become a promising approach to produce high‐density jet and diesel biofuels. Herein a rapid, green Michael addition reaction is developed for constructing intermediates of a series of new high‐density biofuels with volumetric neat heat of combustion (VNHOC) values. The reactions are performed under solvent‐free conditions with commercially cheap tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.05 eq) and K3PO4·3H2O (0.03 eq) as a catalyst and a base, respectively, to afford products with good to excellent yields of 89%–99%. The theoretical calculation indicates that the VNHOC values of the potential biofuels (up to 39.06 MJ L−1) are comparable to those of most state‐of‐the‐art biofuels and commercial jet fuels that are obtained from fossil sources. This method may pave a new way of investigating high‐density biofuels with accurate structures and high‐energy contents.
A Taylor basis for kinematic nonlinear real‐time simulations. Part I: The complete modal derivatives
Authors: Andersen Sebastian , Poulsen Peter Noe
Published: April 2019

Despite todays computational power, only small nonlinear numerical substructures may be simulated in real time. The size restriction on the substructures in nonlinear finite element analysis is primarily due to the time‐consuming evaluation of the internal restoring forces, which is performed element‐by‐element in every iteration step. The present work constitutes the first of two papers presenting a method to simulate kinematic nonlinear structures more efficiently. It involves applying a reduced basis with modal derivatives representing the nonlinearities of the system in an efficient way. Previously, the modal derivatives have been determined from a set of approximate governing equations. In the present paper, a novel set of equations governing the complete modal derivatives is derived. This is done by introducing a Taylor series into the free undamped kinematic nonlinear equations of motion. Also, the approximate governing equations are improved by introducing a novel geometric restriction. By way of an example, it is shown that only the modal derivatives determined from the complete set of equations are consistent with the Taylor series. In the second paper, it is shown that the novel modal derivatives may be used in a so‐called Taylor basis and that they improve the computational time and stability significantly.
Extended reduced‐rank joint estimation of direction of arrival with mutual coupling for coherent signals
Authors: Thet Nann Win Moe , Kachroo Amit , Ozdemir Mehmet Kemal
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes an extended method for direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation with unknown mutual coupling for coherent signals. The proposed method employs the forward/backward spatial smoothing to decorrelate the coherent signals in the process of rank reduction with the joint iterative subspace optimization approach. Then, the autocalibration of mutual coupling is performed based on the Capon's minimum variance criterion. Performance of the proposed method is compared with the state of the art algorithms in terms of DOA root‐mean‐square error and in terms of probability of successful estimation, where successful estimation is the case when the average of absolute DOA estimation error is within 2.5°. It is shown that the proposed method has a similar performance as the state of the art autocalibration methods while offering a lower computational complexity.
Characteristics, diagenetic evolution, and controlling factors of the Es1 deep burial high‐quality sandstone reservoirs in the PG2 oilfield, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Wang Enze , Pang Xiongqi , Zhao Xiaodong , Wang Zhengjun , Wang Zhaoming , Hu Tao , Wu Zhuoya , Yang Jiaqi , Feng Yue , Zhang Zehan
Published: April 2019

Significant achievements have been reported for deep oil and gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin. Among them, the Nanpu Sag has achieved good deep (greater than 3.5 km) hydrocarbon exploration results. However, the hydrocarbon formation mechanisms and the diagenetic evolution of these high‐quality sandstone reservoirs remain unclear. Mineralogical, petrographic, and fluid inclusion data were selected to investigate the deeply buried sandstone reservoir physical properties, pore systems, and diagenetic features and the main formation mechanisms of the deep high‐quality reservoirs of the Es1 (the top member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation) sandstones in the Nanpu Sag, eastern China. The results show that the Es1 sandstone reservoirs are dominated by lithic arkoses and have low porosities (average porosity 13.4%) but medium to high permeability (average permeability 188 mD). The pore systems consist of primary intergranular pores, secondary dissolution pores, and microfractures. Loss of porosity is greater due to compaction (average 20.89%) than due to cementation (average 4.82%), and dissolution contributes an improvement in porosity of approximately 5.85%. Two peaks in the inclusion homogenization temperatures were observed: The first fluid inclusion homogenization temperature term ranges from 130°C to 145°C and exhibits yellow fluorescence; the other peak occurs from 155°C to 165°C, showing green fluorescence. Eodiagenesis is due to mechanical compaction, precipitation of early calcite cements and quartz overgrowths, and dissolution of feldspar and carbonate cements. Mesodiagenesis occurs due to mechanical compaction, framework grain (mainly feldspar) dissolution, and precipitation of quartz and late carbonate cements. The main factors controlling the formation of the deep high‐quality reservoirs are the presence of a high hydrodynamic depositional environment (subaqueous distributary channel), the type of provenance (Archean granites), and the creation of secondary porosity by feldspar dissolution.
MRI Assessment of Treatment Response in HIV‐associated NAFLD: A Randomized Trial of a Stearoyl‐Coenzyme‐A‐Desaturase‐1 Inhibitor (ARRIVE Trial)
Authors: Ajmera Veeral H. , Cachay Edward , Ramers Christian , Vodkin Irine , Bassirian Shirin , Singh Seema , Mangla Neeraj , Bettencourt Richele , Aldous Jeannette L. , Park Daniel , Lee Daniel , Blanchard Jennifer , Mamidipalli Adrija , Boehringer Andrew , Aslam Saima , Leinhard Olof Dahlqvist , Richards Lisa , Sirlin Claude , Loomba Rohit
Published: April 2019

Aramchol, an oral stearoyl‐coenzyme‐A‐desaturase‐1 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce hepatic fat content in patients with primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its effect in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated NAFLD is unknown. The aramchol for HIV‐associated NAFLD and lipodystrophy (ARRIVE) trial was a double‐blind, randomized, investigator‐initiated, placebo‐controlled trial to test the efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with aramchol versus placebo in HIV‐associated NAFLD. Fifty patients with HIV‐associated NAFLD, defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–proton density fat fraction (PDFF) ≥5%, were randomized to receive either aramchol 600 mg daily (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in hepatic fat as measured by MRI‐PDFF in colocalized regions of interest. Secondary endpoints included changes in liver stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and exploratory endpoints included changes in total‐body fat and muscle depots on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), whole‐body MRI, and cardiac MRI. The mean (± standard deviation) of age and body mass index were 48.2 ± 10.3 years and 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2, respectively. There was no difference in the reduction in mean MRI‐PDFF between the aramchol group at –1.3% (baseline MRI‐PDFF 15.6% versus end‐of‐treatment MRI‐PDFF 14.4%, P = 0.24) and the placebo group at –1.4% (baseline MRI‐PDFF 13.3% versus end‐of‐treatment MRI‐PDFF 11.9%, P = 0.26). There was no difference in the relative decline in mean MRI‐PDFF between the aramchol and placebo groups (6.8% versus 1.1%, P = 0.68). There were no differences in MRE‐derived and VCTE‐derived liver stiffness and whole‐body (fat and muscle) composition analysis by MRI or DXA. Compared to baseline, end‐of‐treatment aminotransferases were lower in the aramchol group but not in the placebo arm. There were no significant adverse events. Conclusion: Aramchol, over a 12‐week period, did not reduce hepatic fat or change body fat and muscle composition by using MRI‐based assessment in patients with HIV‐associated NAFLD (clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT02684591).
Dual effects of precipitation and evaporation on lake water stable isotope composition in the monsoon region
Authors: Hua Mingquan , Zhang Xinping , Yao Tianci , Luo Zidong , Zhou Hui , Rao Zhiguo , He Xinguang
Published: April 2019

We present the results of a 3‐year monitoring programme of the stable isotope composition of lake water and precipitation at Taozi Lake, in the East Asian monsoon region of China. Our aims were to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of variation of stable isotopes in a small closed‐basin lake and to quantitatively determine the impacts of precipitation and evaporation on the stable isotope composition of lake water under a humid monsoon climate. In the time domain, the stable oxygen isotopic ratio of the lake water (δ18OL) exhibited substantial seasonal and interannual variations, but the isotope variations between different precipitation events substantially exceeded seasonal and interannual variations. Compared with the stable isotopes in precipitation, δ18OL was substantially positive and dL was negative. In the space domains, the lake water was homogeneously mixed. Indicated by statistic analyses, precipitation plays a dominant role in dynamic of the lake stable isotope during precipitation events of relatively large magnitude, whereas the effect of evaporation is dominant during smaller precipitation events. Results advance our understanding of the stable isotope change rule in the process of lake water evaporation, and it is helpful to identify the climatic significance recorded in stable isotopic compositions of lake bottom sediments.
Evaluating the design and conduct of teaching, education, and dissemination of knowledge learning experiences: A survey of American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)‐accredited postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs (TEDKLE—PGY1 survey)
Authors: Darko William , Fancher Jenna L. , Feldman Elizabeth A. , Krasniak Anne E. , Miller Christopher D. , Probst Luke A.
Published: April 2019

Introduction

A postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency is designed to build upon the Doctor of Pharmacy education. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards, along with the competency areas, goals, and objectives (CAGOs), list four required competency areas for the design of pharmacy residency programs. The fourth required competency area goals and objectives (CAGO R4) focuses on the development of residents' skills related to teaching, education, and dissemination of knowledge. A characterization of current programs' approaches to satisfying this CAGO might stimulate improvements and spread innovation.

Objectives

To better characterize how PGY1 pharmacy residency programs incorporate teaching experiences in the training of residents.

Methods

The authors developed a survey to address the goals and objectives under CAGO R4. The survey was distributed to residency program directors (RPDs) of ASHP‐accredited PGY1 pharmacy residency programs and responses were voluntary. All data were analyzed descriptively to determine frequency (n) and percent (%).

Results

21.9% of RPDs surveyed completed the survey, with a wide variation in program demographics. The most common presentations were to pharmacy staff/students (65.6%) and consisted of poster presentations (81.8%) or platform presentations (74.9%). The most common writing experiences included chart notes (94.6%) and drug monographs (88.7%). In regard to precepting, the majority (82.8%) of programs require their residents to co‐precept one to two pharmacy students per residency year. Finally, approximately half of the respondents required their residents to complete a teaching certificate program, with an additional 62.6% of these programs offering pedagogical readings.

Conclusion

Despite offering a number of experiences aimed at achieving the goals and objectives of CAGO R4, considerable variation exists in the design of the experiences offered and how programs assess the residents' learning experiences.
In silicoapproaches for enhancing retrieval analysis as a source for discovery of implant reactivity‐related mechanisms and biomarkers
Authors: Torosyan Yelizaveta , Spece Hannah , Goodacre Norman , Azarbaijani Yasameen , Marinac‐Dabic Danica , Kurtz Steven M.
Published: April 2019

The ability to characterize implant debris in conjunction with corresponding immune and tissue‐destructive responses renders retrieval analysis as an important tool for evaluating orthopedic devices. We applied advanced analytics andin silicoapproaches to illustrate the retrieval‐based potential to elucidate host responses and enable discovery of corresponding biomarkers indicative ofin vivoimplant performance. Hip retrieval analysis was performed using variables based on immunostaining, polarized microscopy, and fretting‐corrosion and oxidation analyses. Statistical analyses were performed in R. Hierarchical/k‐means clustering and principal component analysis were used for data analysis and visualization. Correlation Engine (CE) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed forin silicocorroboration of putative biomarkers. Higher giant cell and histiocyte scores and positivity for CD68 and CD3 indicating infiltration with macrophages and T‐cells, respectively, were detected mainly among older generation hips with higher ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight‐polyethylene loads. Ourin silicoanalysis using pre‐existing data on wear particle‐induced loosening substantiated the role of CD68 in implant‐induced innate responses and identified the CD68‐related molecular signature that can be indicative of development of aseptic loosening and can be further corroborated for diagnostic/prognostic testing in clinical setting. Thus, this study confirmed the great potential of advanced analytics andin silicoapproaches for enhancing retrieval analysis applications to discovery of new biomarkers for optimizing implant‐related preclinical testing and clinical management. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:263–271, 2020.
A nationwide retrospective observational study of population newborn screening for medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency in the Netherlands
Authors: Jager Emmalie A. , Kuijpers Myrthe M. , Bosch Annet M. , Mulder Margot F. , Gozalbo Estela R. , Visser Gepke , de Vries Maaike , Williams Monique , Waterham Hans R. , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , Derks Terry G. J.
Published: April 2019

To evaluate the Dutch newborn screening (NBS) for medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency since 2007, a nationwide retrospective, observational study was performed of clinical, laboratory and epidemiological parameters of patients with MCAD deficiency born between 2007 and 2015. Severe MCAD deficiency was defined by ACADM genotypes associated with clinical ascertainment, or variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity <10%. Mild MCAD deficiency was defined by variant ACADM genotypes with a residual MCAD enzyme activity ≥10%. The prevalence of MCAD deficiency was 1/8300 (95% CI: 1/7300‐1/9600). Sensitivity of the Dutch NBS was 99% and specificity ~100%, with a positive predictive value of 86%. Thirteen newborns with MCAD deficiency suffered from neonatal symptoms, three of them died. Of the 189 identified neonates, 24% had mild MCAD deficiency. The acylcarnitine ratio octanoylcarnitine (C8)/decanoylcarnitine (C10) was superior to C8 in discriminating between mild and severe cases and more stable in the first days of life. NBS for MCAD deficiency has a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. In the absence of a golden standard to confirm the diagnosis, the combination of acylcarnitine (ratios), molecular and enzymatic studies allows risk stratification. To improve evaluation of NBS protocols and clinical guidelines, additional use of acylcarnitine ratios and multivariate pattern‐recognition software may be reappraised in the Dutch situation. Prospective recording of NBS and follow‐up data is warranted covering the entire health care chain of preventive and curative medicine.