bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Population dynamics has greater effects than climate change on tree species distribution in a temperate forest region
Authors: Wang Wen J. , Thompson Frank R. , He Hong S. , Fraser Jacob S. , Dijak William D. , Spetich Martin A.
Published: November 2018

Aim

Population dynamics and disturbances have often been simplified or ignored when predicting regional‐scale tree species distributions in response to climate change in current climate‐distribution models (e.g., niche and biophysical process models). We determined the relative importance of population dynamics, tree harvest, climate change, and their interaction in affecting tree species distribution changes.

Location

Central Hardwood Forest Region of the United States.

Major taxa studied

Tree species.

Methods

We used a forest dynamic model, LANDIS PRO that accounted for population dynamics, tree harvest, and climate change to predict tree species’ distributions at 270 m resolution from 2000 to 2300. We quantified the relative importance of these factors using a repeated measures analysis of variance. We further investigated the effects of each factor on changes in species distributions by summarizing extinction and colonization rates.

Results

On average, population dynamics was the most important factor affecting tree species distribution changes. Tree harvest was more important than climate change by 2100 whereas climate change was more important than harvest by 2300. By end of the 21st century, most tree species expanded their distributions irrespective of any climate or harvest scenario. By 2300, most northern, some southern, and most widely distributed species contracted their distributions while most southern species, some widely distributed species, and few northern species expanded their distributions under warmer climates with tree harvest. Harvest accelerated or ameliorated the contractions and expansions for species that were negatively or positively affected by climate change.

Main conclusions

Our results suggest that population dynamics and tree harvest can be more important than climate change and thus should be explicitly included when predicting future tree species’ distributions. Understanding the underlying mechanisms that drive tree species distributions will enable better predictions of tree species distributions under climate change.
Arabidopsis ANAC092 regulates auxin‐mediated root development by binding to the ARF8 and PIN4 promoters
Authors: Xi Dandan , Chen Xu , Wang Yuxia , Zhong Ruiling , He Jianmei , Shen Jiabin , Ming Feng
Published: November 2018

Auxin is an important plant hormone that is essential for growth and development due to its effects on organogenesis, morphogenesis, tropisms, and apical dominance. The functional diversity of auxin highlights the importance of its biosynthesis, transport, and associated responses. In this study, we show that a NAC transcription factor, ANAC092 (also named AtNAC2 and ORESARA1), known to positively regulate leaf senescence and contribute to abiotic stress responses, also affects primary root development. Plants overexpressing ANAC092 had altered root meristem lengths and shorter primary roots compared with the wild‐type control. Additionally, expression of the proANAC092::GUS was strongly induced by indole‐3‐acetic acid. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis revealed that the YUCCA2, PIN, and ARF expression levels were downregulated in ANAC092‐overexpressing plants. Moreover, yeast one‐hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that ANAC092 binds to the promoters of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 8 (ARF8) and PIN‐FORMED 4 (PIN4). Furthermore, a dual‐luciferase assay indicated that ANAC092 decreases ARF8 and PIN4 promoter activities. We also applied a CRISPR/Cas9 system to mutate ANAC092. The roots of three of the analyzed mutants were longer than normal. Collectively, our findings indicate that ANAC092 negatively affects root development by controlling the auxin pathway.
Systems model‐guided rice yield improvements based on genes controlling source, sink, and flow
Authors: Li Pan , Chang Tiangen , Chang Shuoqi , Ouyang Xiang , Qu Mingnan , Song Qingfeng , Xiao Langtao , Xia Shitou , Deng Qiyun , Zhu Xin‐Guang
Published: November 2018

A large number of genes related to source, sink, and flow have been identified after decades of research in plant genetics. Unfortunately, these genes have not been effectively utilized in modern crop breeding. This perspective paper aims to examine the reasons behind such a phenomenon and propose a strategy to resolve this situation. Specifically, we first systematically survey the currently cloned genes related to source, sink, and flow; then we discuss three factors hindering effective application of these identified genes, which include the lack of effective methods to identify limiting or critical steps in a signaling network, the misplacement of emphasis on properties, at the leaf, instead of the whole canopy level, and the non‐linear complex interaction between source, sink, and flow. Finally, we propose the development of systems models of source, sink and flow, together with a detailed simulation of interactions between them and their surrounding environments, to guide effective use of the identified elements in modern rice breeding. These systems models will contribute directly to the definition of crop ideotype and also identification of critical features and parameters that limit the yield potential in current cultivars.
Mapping GABA and glutamate inputs to gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone neurones in male and female mice
Authors: Moore Aleisha M. , Abbott Georgina , Mair Jonathan , Prescott Melanie , Campbell Rebecca E.
Published: November 2018

Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) neurone function is dependent upon gonadal steroid hormone feedback, which is communicated in large part through an afferent neuronal network. The classical neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate are important regulators of GnRH neurone activity and are implicated in mediating feedback signals. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether GABAergic or glutamatergic input to GnRH neurones differs between males and females and/or exhibits morphological plasticity in response to steroid hormone feedback in females. Tissue collected from GnRH‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) male and female mice in dioestrus underwent immunofluorescence labelling of GFP and either the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) or the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2). No differences in the densities or absolute numbers of VGAT‐immunoreactive (‐IR) or VGLUT2‐IR puncta apposed to GnRH neurones were identified between males and females. The most significant input from either neurotransmitter was to the proximal dendritic region and 80% of VGAT‐IR puncta apposed to GnRH neurones co‐localised with synaptophysin. Putative inputs were also assessed in ovariectomised (OVX) female mice treated with negative (OVX+E) or positive (OVX+E+E) feedback levels of oestrogen, and OVX+E+E mice were killed during the expected GnRH/luteinising hormone surge. No differences in VGLUT2‐IR contacts to GnRH neurones were identified between animals under the negative‐feedback influence of oestrogen (OVX+E) or the positive influence of oestrogen (OVX+E+E), regardless of cFos activation status. By contrast, a significant elevation in putative GABAergic inputs to GnRH neurones at the time of the preovulatory surge was found in the cFos‐negative subset of GnRH neurones, both at the level of the soma and at the proximal dendrite. Taken together, these data suggest that, although GABAergic and glutamatergic innervation of GnRH neurones is not sexually differentiated, cyclic fluctuations in steroid hormone feedback over the female oestrous cycle result in plastic changes in GABAergic inputs to a subpopulation of GnRH neurones.
A novel GNRHR gene mutation causing congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in a Brazilian kindred
Authors: Correa‐Silva Silvia Regina , Fausto Jessica da Silva , Kizys Marina Malta Letro , Filipelli Rafael , Marco Antonio David Santos , Oku Andre Yuji , Furuzawa Gilberto Koiti , Orchard Eugenia Verônica Hernandez , Costa‐Barbosa Flavia Amanda , Mitne‐Neto Miguel , Dias‐da‐Silva Magnus R.
Published: November 2018

Congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) is a challenging inherited endocrine disorder characterised by absent or incomplete pubertal development and infertility as a result of the low action/secretion of the hypothalamic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). Given a growing list of gene mutations accounting for CHH, the application of massively parallel sequencing comprises an excellent molecular diagnostic approach because it enables the simultaneous evaluation of many genes. The present study proposes the use of whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify causative and modifying mutations based on a phenotype‐genotype CHH analysis using an in‐house exome pipeline. Based on 44 known genes related to CHH in humans, we were able to identify a novel homozygous gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone receptor (GNRHR) p.Thr269Met mutant, which segregates with the CHH kindred and was predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. A functional study measuring intracellular inositol phosphate (IP) when stimulated with GnRH on COS‐7 cells confirmed that the p.Thr269Met GnRHR mutant performed greatly diminished IP accumulation relative to the transfected wild‐type GnRHR. Additionally, the proband carries three heterozygous variants in CCDC141 and one homozygous in SEMA3A gene, although their effects with respect to modifying the phenotype are uncertain. Because they do not segregate with reproductive phenotype in family members, we advocate they do not contribute to CHH oligogenicity. WES proved to be useful for CHH molecular diagnosis and reinforced its benefit with respect to identifying heterogeneous genetic disorders. Our findings expand the GnRHR mutation spectrum and phenotype‐genotype correlation in CHH.
Interplay of central and peripheral circadian clocks in energy metabolism regulation
Authors: Kolbe Isa , Brehm Niklas , Oster Henrik
Published: November 2018

Metabolic health founds on a homeostatic balance that has to integrate the daily changes of rest/activity and feeding/fasting cycles. A network of endogenous 24‐hour circadian clocks helps to anticipate daily recurring events and adjust physiology and behavioural functions accordingly. Circadian clocks are self‐sustained cellular oscillators based on a set of clock genes/proteins organised in interlocked transcriptional‐translational feedback loops. The body's clocks need to be regularly reset and synchronised with each other to achieve coherent rhythmic output signals. This synchronisation is achieved by interplay of a master clock, which resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and peripheral tissue clocks. This clock network is reset by time signals such as the light/dark cycle, food intake and activity. The balanced interplay of clocks is easily disturbed in modern society by shiftwork or high‐energy diets, which may further promote the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarise the current model of central‐peripheral clock interaction in metabolic health. Different established mouse models for central or peripheral clock disruption and their metabolic phenotypes are compared and the possible relevance of clock network interaction for the development of therapeutic approaches in humans is discussed.
Protective stabilization of mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial oxidation during mitochondrial Ca2+ stress by melatonin's cascade metabolites C3‐OHM and AFMK in RBA1 astrocytes
Authors: Jou Mei‐Jie , Peng Tsung‐I , Reiter Russel J.
Published: November 2018

Cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin (C3‐OHM) and N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK) are two major cascade metabolites of melatonin. We previously showed melatonin provides multiple levels of mitochondria‐targeted protection beyond as a mitochondrial antioxidant during ionomycin‐induced mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Using noninvasive laser scanning fluorescence coupled time‐lapse digital imaging microscopy, this study investigated whether C3‐OHM and AFMK also provide mitochondrial levels of protection during ionomycin‐induced mCa2+ stress in RBA1 astrocytes. Interestingly, precise temporal and spatial dynamic live mitochondrial images revealed that C3‐OHM and AFMK prevented specifically mCa2+‐mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) formation and hence mROS‐mediated depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm) and permanent lethal opening of the MPT (p‐MPT). The antioxidative effects of AFMK, however, were less potent than that of C3‐OHM. Whether C3‐OHM and AFMK targeted directly the MPT was investigated under a condition of “oxidation free‐Ca2+ stress” using a classic antioxidant vitamin E to remove mCa2+‐mediated mROS stress and the potential antioxidative effects of C3‐OHM and AFMK. Intriguingly, two compounds still effectively postponed “oxidation free‐Ca2+ stress”‐mediated depolarization of △Ψm and p‐MPT. Measurements using a MPT pore‐specific indicator Calcein further identified that C3‐OHM and AFMK, rather than inhibiting, stabilized the MPT in its transient protective opening mode (t‐MPT), a critical mechanism to reduce overloaded mROS and mCa2+. These multiple layers of mitochondrial protection provided by C3‐OHM and AFMK thus crucially allow melatonin to extend its metabolic cascades of mitochondrial protection during mROS‐ and mCa2+‐mediated MPT‐associated apoptotic stresses and may provide therapeutic benefits against astrocyte‐mediated neurodegeneration in the CNS.
Selling to Strangers, Buying from Friends: Effect of Communal and Exchange Norms on Expectations in Negotiation
Authors: Ramirez‐Fernandez Jaime , Ramirez‐Marin Jimena Y. , Munduate Lourdes
Published: November 2018

This study examines the effect of relationships on negotiators' expectations. The authors derive theory and hypotheses from relational norms that govern relationships (communal and exchange) which impact negotiators' expectations when interacting with close others. The study focuses on the influence of the negotiator's role (buyer or seller) and relational norms on expected offers. The authors tested the hypotheses across three studies. Results consistently show that close relationships influence expectations such that buyers expect more favorable offers from best friends than from friends and acquaintances (Studies 1–3). And this effect is absent for sellers (Study 1). Moreover, the motivation to meet the needs of the other party (communal strength) is higher for close relationships but it does not moderate the effect of relationships on expectations (Study 2). Finally, negotiators high in communal strength and exchange orientation norms expect more generous offers from best friends (Study 3).
Diplomatic Chameleons: Language Style Matching and Agreement in International Diplomatic Negotiations
Authors: Bayram A. Burcu , Ta Vivian P.
Published: November 2018

Linguistic style refers to how individuals put their words together. This study offers the first application of linguistic style analysis to international multilateral diplomatic negotiations. We hypothesize that agreement in multilateral negotiations is characterized by convergence of diplomats’ linguistic styles whereas disagreement associates with divergence of linguistic styles. We test our claim using original data from the plenary sessions of the Constitutional Convention on the Future of the European Union (2002–2003). We evaluate linguistic style convergence by linguistic style matching (LSM) using the text analysis program Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). We find that linguistic style convergence among negotiators was higher in discussions on the legal personality of the European Union that ended with agreement and lower in negotiations on the definition of qualified majority voting that ended with disagreement. This study facilitates a richer understanding of how negotiators’ language use influences negotiation dynamics in international multilateral diplomacy and encourages negotiation and conflict resolution scholars and practitioners to pay attention to how diplomats express their policy position in addition to what they say.
Trans‐lineage polymorphism and nonbifurcating diversification of the genusPicea
Authors: Feng Shuo , Ru Dafu , Sun Yongshuai , Mao Kangshan , Milne Richard , Liu Jianquan
Published: November 2018

Nonbifurcating divergence caused by introgressive hybridization is continuously reported for groups of closely related species. In this study, we aimed to reconstruct the genome‐scale classification of deep lineages of the conifer genusPicea, establish their phylogenetic relationships and test the bifurcating hypothesis between deeply branching lineages based on genomic data.

We sequenced the transcriptomes of 35 individuals of 27 taxa covering all main lineages of the genus. Four major lineages, comprising three to 12 taxa each, largely consistent with morphological evidence, were recovered across the coalescent and integrated nuclear phylogeny. However, many of the individual gene trees recovered contradict one another. Moreover, the well‐supported coalescent tree inferred here differs from previous studies based on various DNA markers, with respect to topology and inter‐lineage relationships.

We identified the shared polymorphisms between four major lineages. ABBA–BABA tests confirmed the inter‐lineage gene flow and thus violated the bifurcating divergence model. Gene flow occurred more frequently between lineages distributed in the same continent than those disjunct between continents.

Our results indicate that introgression and nonbifurcating diversification apply, even between deeply branching lineages of the conifer genusPicea.
Tracking seasonal rhythms of plants in diverse ecosystems with digital camera imagery
Authors: Richardson Andrew D.
Published: November 2018

Global change is shifting the seasonality of vegetation in ecosystems around the globe. High‐frequency digital camera imagery, and vegetation indices derived from that imagery, is facilitating better tracking of phenological responses to environmental variation. This method, commonly referred to as the ‘phenocam’ approach, is well suited to several specific applications, including: close‐up observation of individual organisms; long‐term canopy‐level monitoring at individual sites; automated phenological monitoring in regional‐to‐continental scale observatory networks; and tracking responses to experimental treatments. Several camera networks are already well established, and some camera records are a more than a decade long. These data can be used to identify the environmental controls on phenology in different ecosystems, which will contribute to the development of improved prognostic phenology models.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*03:147 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Elsermans Vincent , Top Isabelle , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2018

HLA‐DRB1*03:147 differs from HLA‐DRB1*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 233 in exon 5.
Effect of racing on blood variables in Standardbred horses
Authors: Bos Astrid , Compagnie Ellen , Lindner Arno
Published: November 2018

Background

Blood is collected for hematologic and biochemical analyses when racehorses perform poorly. However, racing affects most analyte levels; therefore, the timing of blood sampling can affect analyte levels and interpretations.

Objective

This study aimed to determine if the blood variable levels returned to pre‐racing levels 2 and 3 days post‐racing.

Methods

Blood was sampled from 17 healthy racehorses pre‐ and post‐racing. The variables measured from plasma were albumin, cholesterol, creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), and cortisol. Hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), granulocyte, and lymphocyte counts were analyzed from blood collected in EDTA‐coated vials.

Results

Calcium was lower 3 days post‐racing compared with 2 days pre‐racing (P < 0.01), P and GGT were higher 2 and 3 days post‐racing compared with those at the pre‐racing timepoints (P ≤ 0.01), and RBC, HCT, and HGB were higher 2 days post‐racing compared with those at the pre‐racing and 3‐day post‐racing time points (P < 0.01, all).

Conclusions

A few blood biochemical and hematologic variables were significantly altered 2 and 3 days post‐racing. The level of these changes did not affect the clinicopathologic interpretation of the values.
Basal cell enumeration does not predict malignancy in canine perianal gland tumor cytology
Authors: Evans Samantha J. M. , Connolly Sara L. , Schaffer Paula A. , Vieson Miranda D. , Stiles Amanda , Moore A Russell
Published: November 2018

Background

Perianal (hepatoid) gland tumors are common in dogs, and the distinction between the benign and malignant forms is clinically important. Cytology of these tumors typically contains many large hepatoid cells and fewer small basal cells.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine whether the proportion of the smaller basaloid reserve cells in cytologic samples from perianal tumors correlates with malignancy.

Methods

Eighty‐three cases of cytologically diagnosed perianal gland tumors with corresponding histopathologic sections were identified from two separate institutions and included six (7.2%) malignant tumors and 77 (92.8%) benign tumors. The proportion of basal cells from each sample was evaluated.

Results

No difference between these groups was found, although the study was sufficiently powered to detect an approximately 1.5‐fold change in basal cell proportion.

Conclusions

This report found no evidence that the proportion of basal cells in canine perianal tumor cytology is an indication of the potential for malignancy. We, therefore, do not recommend citing this feature in cytologic reports or when communicating with clinicians.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of AlN Deposition: Effect of N:Al Flux Ratio
Authors: Zhang Libin , Zhu Guo , Sun Kuan , Gan Zhiyin , Luo Xiaobing
Published: November 2018

In order to study the optimal N:Al flux ratio during the deposition of AlN, the effects of N:Al flux ratio on the crystal quality (crystallinity and surface roughness) of homoepitaxial AlN are investigated. The growth temperature ranges from 1600 K to 2000 K with an increment of 200 K. When the N:Al flux ratios are changed from 0.8 to 2.8, the good crystallinity is obtained at 1600 K with the N:Al flux ratio of 2.4, while it is obtained at 1800 K with the N:Al flux ratio of 2.4 and with the N:Al flux ratio of 2.0 at 2000 K. The crystallinity at 1800 K with N:Al flux ratio of 2.4 stands out among these three. At 1800 K with varied N:Al flux ratios, the minimum surface roughness is also obtained at the N:Al flux ratio of 2.4. Further more, the distribution of deposited Al atoms at 1800 K is explored, the result shows that the uniform distribution of Al atoms appears at N:Al flux ratio of 2.4.
Controlling the Solder Joint Reliability of eWLB Packages in Automotive Radar Applications Using a Design for Reliability Approach
Authors: Niessner M. , Haubner G. , Hartner W. , Pahlke S.
Published: November 2018

A DfR (Design for Reliability) approach which is systematically based on simulation, sensitivity analysis and experimental validation is applied for identifying, understanding and controlling the key factors which determine the solder joint reliability of eWLB (Embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) packages that carry embedded 77 GHz dies and sit on hybrid PCB (Printed Circuit Board) stacks. The hybrid stack investigated in this work is characteristic to automotive RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) applications and consists of one low-loss RF (Radio Frequency) layer and several FR4 layers. In line with previous work [1], the mechanical material properties of the low-loss RF laminate material are found to be the key factor. Simulation is used to systematically screen for mechanical properties which are favorable for achieving a high solder joint reliability on the unconstrained PCBs used for standardized solder joint reliability testing. A simplified virtual assessment of PCBs constrained by the mounting in system module housings is done. Both simulation and experimental results show that RF laminate materials with low Young’s modulus are the class of materials which allows for the highest solder joint reliability for all the conditions investigated in this study.
Failure Mechanism Assessment of TO-247 Packaged SiC Power Devices
Authors: Brinkfeldt Klas , Wetter Göran , Lövberg Andreas , Andersson Dag , Toth-Pal Zsolt , Forslund Mattias , Shisha Samer
Published: November 2018

As the automotive industry shifts towards the electrification of drive trains, the efficiency of power electronics becomes more important. The use of silicon carbide (SiC) devices in power electronics has shown several benefits in efficiency, blocking voltage and high temperature operation. In addition, the ability of SiC to operate at higher frequencies due to lower switching losses can result in reduced weight and volume of the system, which also are important factors in vehicles. However, the reliability of packaged SiC devices is not yet fully assessed. Previous work has predicted that the different material properties of SiC compared to Si could have a large influence on the failure mechanisms and reliability. For example, the much higher elastic modulus of SiC compared to Si could increase strain on neighboring materials during power cycling. In this work, the failure mechanisms of packaged Si- and SiC-based power devices have been investigated following power cycling tests. The packaged devices were actively cycled in 4.5 s heating and 20 s cooling at ΔT = 60–80 K. A failure analysis using micro-focus X-ray and scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) was carried out in order to determine the most important failure mechanisms. The results of the analysis indicate that the dominant failure mechanism is wire bond lift-off at the device chip for all of the SiC-based devices. Further analysis is required to determine the exact failure mechanisms of the analyzed Si-based devices. In addition, the SiC-based devices failed before the Si-based devices, which could be a result of the different properties of the SiC material.
Heat Transfer Characteristics and Flow Pattern Visualization for Flow Boiling in a Vertical Narrow Microchannel
Authors: Zhou Kan , Li Junye , Feng Zhao-zan , Li Wei , Zhu Hua , Sheng Kuang
Published: November 2018

For improving the functionality and signal speed of electronic devices, electronic components have been miniaturized and an increasing number of elements have been packaged in the device. As a result there has been a steady rise in the amount of heat necessitated to be dissipated from the electronic device. Recently microchannel heat sinks have been emerged as a kind of high performance cooling scheme to meet the heat dissipation requirement of electronics packaging, In the present study an experimental study of subcooled flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio, one-sided heating rectangular microchannel with gap depth of 0.52 mm and width of 5 mm was conducted with deionized water as the working fluid. In the experimental operations, the mass flux was varied from 200 to 400 kg/m2s and imposed heat flux from 3 to 20 W/cm2 while the fluid inlet temperature was regulated constantly at 90 °C. The boiling curves, flow pattern and onset of nucleate boiling of subcooled flow boiling were investigated through instrumental measurements and a high speed camera. It was found that the slope of the boiling curves increased sharply once the superheat needed to initiate the onset of nucleate boiling was attained, and the slope was greater for lower mass fluxes, with lower superheat required for boiling incipience. As for the visualization images, for relatively lower mass fluxes the bubbles generated were larger and not easy to depart from the vertical upward placed narrow microchannel wall, giving elongated bubbly flow and reverse backflow. The thin film evaporation mechanism dominated the entire test section due to the elongated bubbles and transient local dryout as well as rewetting occurred. Meanwhile the initiative superheat and heat flux of onset of nucleate boiling were compared with existing correlations in the literature with good agreement.
Experimental Study on Flow Evaporation Heat Transfer Characteristics Inside Horizontal Three-Dimensional Enhanced Tubes
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Chuancai , Sun Zhichuan , Liu Zhichun , Ma Lianxiang , He Yan , Zhang Bin , Chen Wei , Kukulka David J.
Published: November 2018

Experimental investigation was performed to measure the evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R410A inside three three-dimensional enhanced tubes (1EHT-1, 1EHT-2 and 4LB). The inner and outer enhanced surface of the 4LB tube is composed by arrays of grooves and square pits, while 1EHT-1 tube and 1EHT-2 tube consist of longitudinal ripples and dimples of different depths. All these tubes have an inner diameter of 8.32 mm and an outer diameter of 9.52 mm. Experiment operational conditions are conducted as follows: the saturation temperature is 279 K, the vapor quality ranges from 0.2 to 0.8, and the mass flux varies from 160 kg/(m2·s) to 380 kg/(m2·s). With the mass flux increasing, the heat transfer coefficient increases accordingly. The heat transfer coefficient of 1EHT-2 is the highest of all three tubes, and that of 1EHT-1 is the lowest. The heat transfer coefficient of 4LB ranks between the 1EHT-1 and 1EHT-2 tube. The reason is that the heat transfer areas of the 1EHT-2 and 4LB tube are larger than that of 1EHT-1 and interfacial turbulence is enhanced in 1EHT-2.
Target (MexB)- and Efflux-Based Mechanisms Decreasing the Effectiveness of the Efflux Pump Inhibitor D13-9001 in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PAO1: Uncovering a New Role for MexMN-OprM in Efflux of β-Lactams and a Novel Regulatory Circuit (MmnRS) Controlling MexMN Expression
Authors: Ranjitkar Srijan , Jones Adriana K. , Mostafavi Mina , Zwirko Zachary , Iartchouk Oleg , Barnes S. Whitney , Walker John R. , Willis Thomas W. , Lee Patrick S. , Dean Charles R.
Published: November 2018

Efflux pumps contribute to antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens. Correspondingly, efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may reverse this resistance.
The challenge of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in aircrew; detecting plaque before the accident
Authors: Gray Gary , Davenport Eddie D , Bron Dennis , Rienks Rienk , d’Arcy Joanna , Guettler Norbert , Manen Olivier , Syburra Thomas , Nicol Edward D
Published: November 2018

Coronary events remain a major cause of sudden incapacitation, including death, in both the general population and among aviation personnel, and are an ongoing threat to flight safety and operations. The presentation is often unheralded, especially in younger adults, and is often due to rupture of a previously non-obstructive coronary atheromatous plaque. The challenge for aeromedical practitioners is to identify individuals at increased risk for such events. This paper presents the NATO Cardiology Working Group (HFM 251) consensus approach for screening and investigation of aircrew for asymptomatic coronary disease.

A three-phased approach to coronary artery disease (CAD) risk assessment is recommended, beginning with initial risk-stratification using a population-appropriate risk calculator and resting ECG. For aircrew identified as being at increased risk, enhanced screening is recommended by means of Coronary Artery Calcium Score alone or combined with a CT coronary angiography investigation. Additional screening may include exercise testing, and vascular ultrasound imaging. Aircrew identified as being at high risk based on enhanced screening require secondary investigations, which may include functional ischaemia, and potentially invasive coronary angiography. Functional stress testing as a stand-alone investigation for significant CAD is not recommended in aircrew. Aircrew identified with coronary disease require further clinical and aeromedical evaluation before being reconsidered for flying status.
Management of established coronary artery disease in aircrew with previous myocardial infarction or revascularisation
Authors: Davenport Eddie D , Syburra Thomas , Gray Gary , Rienks Rienk , Bron Dennis , Manen Olivier , d’Arcy Joanna , Guettler Norbert J , Nicol Edward D
Published: November 2018

This manuscript focuses on the broad aviation medicine considerations that are required to optimally manage aircrew with established coronary artery disease (CAD) without myocardial infarction (MI) or revascularisation (both pilots and non-pilot aviation professionals). It presents expert consensus opinion and associated recommendations and is part of a series of expert consensus documents covering all aspects of aviation cardiology.

Aircrew may present with MI (both ST elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI)) as the initial presenting symptom of obstructive CAD requiring revascularisation. Management of these individuals should be conducted according to published guidelines, ideally with consultation between the cardiologist, surgeon and aviation medical examiner. Return to restricted flight duties is possible in the majority of aircrew; however, they must have normal cardiac function, acceptable residual disease burden and no residual ischaemia. They must also be treated with aggressive cardiac risk factor modification. Aircrew should be restricted to dual pilot operations in non-high-performance aircraft, with return to flying no sooner than 6 months after the event. At minimum, annual follow-up with routine non-invasive cardiac evaluation is recommended.
Characteristics of Salmonella Bareilly isolated from commercial layer farms and raw shell eggs in Korea
Authors: Seo Kwang Won , Im Min Chan , Kim Yeong Bin , Sung Haan Woo , Lee Young Ju
Published: November 2018

Salmonella enterica serovar Bareilly (S. Bareilly) has been among the top 20 most frequently isolated serovars in the United States and has been observed recently in layer flocks in Korea. Between 2013 and 2014, 45 S. Bareilly isolates were obtained from five commercial layer farms and nine retail markets in Korea. Among the 45 isolates, four pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were observed, with pattern B being the predominant and comprising 67% of the 45 isolates. The most common antimicrobial resistance was streptomycin (24.4%) and cephalothin (6.7%). This is the first report describing epidemiological characteristics of S. Bareilly, including geographical variation, in Korea.
Space-Efficient Representations for Glushkov Automata
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2018

Glushkov automaton is an efficient structure for matching regular expressions. We present an [Formula: see text] bits space representation of Glushkov automata of regular expressions, where [Formula: see text] is the number of strings in the regular expression. The state transition runs in time [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the size of machine words, and [Formula: see text] is the number of states in the Glushkov automaton. For [Formula: see text], the time is [Formula: see text]. Our approach is based on two operations on words that retrieve and set bits on a specific set of positions of a word. We present implementations of these operations using bit-parallelism and a permutation network, which are simple and efficient.
On Equivalence Relations of State Diagram of Cascade Connection of an LFSR into an NFSR
Authors: Wang Hong , Guan Jie , Ding Lin
Published: November 2018

Grain is one of the hardware-oriented finalists of the eSTREAM. The cipher has a cascade connection of an LFSR into an NFSR which is denoted by Cascade Model. In this paper, we study the equivalence relations between state diagrams of two functions, and apply them to the Cascade Models, then some results regarding their equivalence relations are obtained.
On Self-Dual Four Circulant Codes
Authors: Shi Minjia , Zhu Hongwei , Qian Liqin , Solé Patrick
Published: November 2018

Four circulant codes form a special class of [Formula: see text]-generator, index [Formula: see text], quasi-cyclic codes. Under some conditions on their generator matrix they can be shown to be self-dual. Artin primitive root conjecture shows the existence of an infinite subclass of these codes satisfying a modified Gilbert–Varshamov bound.
Compositions of Functions and Permutations Specified by Minimal Reaction Systems
Authors: Teh Wen Chean
Published: November 2018

This paper studies mathematical properties of reaction systems that were introduced by Ehrenfeucht and Rozenberg as computational models inspired by biochemical reaction in the living cells. In particular, we continue the study on the generative power of functions specified by minimal reaction systems under composition initiated by Salomaa. Allowing degenerate reaction systems, functions specified by minimal reaction systems over a quarternary alphabet that are permutations generate the alternating group on the power set of the background set.
Data Associations Between Two Hierarchy Trees
Authors: Yan Shuo , Zhang Yunyong , Yan Binfeng , Yan Lin , Kou Jinfeng
Published: November 2018

To study the data association, a structure called a hierarchy tree is constructed. It is based on the approach to hierarchical data processing, and constituted by different level partitions of a data set. This leads to the definition of the data association, thereby links two hierarchy trees together. The research on the data association focuses on the way to check whether data are associated with other data. The investigation includes the issues: the intuitive and formal methods for constructing hierarchy trees, the technique of making granules hierarchical, the sufficient and necessary condition for measuring the data association, the analysis of basing the closer data association on the closer data identity, the discussion of connecting numerical information with association closeness, etc. Crucially, the hierarchical data processing and numerical information are important characteristics of the research. As an applied example, two hierarchy trees are set up, demonstrating the hierarchical granulation process of two actual data sets. Data associations between the data sets are characterized by the approach developed in this paper, which provides the basis of algorithm design for the actual problem. In particular, since the research is relevant to granules and alterations of granularity, it may offer an avenue of research on granular computing.
Context-Freeness of Parsing Expression Languages is Undecidable
Authors: Koga Toshihiro
Published: November 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be an alphabet having at least three symbols. Let [Formula: see text] denote the family of all context-free languages over [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] denote the family of all parsing expression grammars over [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] denote the family of all parsing expression languages over [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text] and “[Formula: see text]”, where we use the double-quoted “[Formula: see text]” in the sense that we can effectively find some [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. Then the following problem is shown to be undecidable: Given [Formula: see text], decide if [Formula: see text]. In particular, the following basic problem is shown to be undecidable: Given [Formula: see text], decide if [Formula: see text].
Parameterized Complexity of Directed Steiner Network with Respect to Shared Vertices and Arcs
Authors: Roayaei Mehdy , Razzazi MohammadReza
Published: November 2018

We consider the directed Steiner network problem, where given a weighted directed graph [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] pairs of vertices [Formula: see text], one has to find the minimum weight subgraph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] that contains path from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text]. We search for the main cause of the complexity of the problem and introduce the notions of junction vertex and shared segment in an optimal solution. We study the parameterized complexity of the problem with respect to these parameters and achieve several parameterized hardness results. Also, we present two output-sensitive algorithms for the problem, which are much simpler and easier to implement than the previously best known one; and in addition, when the paths corresponding to the input pairs have few shared vertices or arcs in the optimal solution, these algorithms outperform the previous one.
The Computational Complexity of and Approximation Algorithms for Variants of the Component Selection Problem
Authors: Nouri-Baygi Mostafa
Published: November 2018

In the past decades, there has been a burst of activity to simplify implementation of complex software systems. The solution framework in software engineering community for this problem is called component-based software design (CBSD), whereas in the modeling and simulation community it is called composability. Composability is a complex feature due to the challenges of creating components, selecting combinations of components, and integrating the selected components.

In this paper, we address the challenge through the analysis of Component Selection (CS), the NP-complete process of selecting a minimal set of components to satisfy a set of objectives. Due to the computational complexity of CS, we consider approximation algorithms that make the component selection process practical. We define three variations of CS and present good approximation algorithms to find near optimal solutions. In spite of our creation of approximable variants of Component Selection, we prove that the general Component Selection problem is inapproximable.
An Improved Residual Network for Electricity Power Meter Error Estimation
Authors: Kou Zichao , Fang Yanjun
Published: November 2018

The lack of research on the metering characteristics of electricity power meters under complex conditions is a major obstacle to the on-site verification of electrical energy metering equipment. Establishing a predictive model for electricity power meter errors offers an effective way of dealing with this issue. Deep learning has been proven to have the capacity to reduce end-to-end dimensionality and improve recognition. Through the analysis of the back propagation process in residual networks, an improved residual network is set out in this paper. While preserving the advantages of residual network gradient propagation, it adds an adjustable shortcut and designs a convex [Formula: see text]-parameter strategy that can be improved according to different processing objects. Experimental results show that the predicted errors produced by the proposed technique are significantly lower than in a comparable model. At the same time, the improved residual network does not increase the network’s complexity.
Hybrid QPSO-NNIA2 Algorithm for Multi-Objective Optimization Problem
Authors: Zhang Lan
Published: November 2018

To improve the convergence and distribution of a multi-objective optimization algorithm, a hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm, based on the quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm and adaptive ranks clone and neighbor list-based immune algorithm (NNIA2), is proposed. The contribution of this work is threefold. First, the vicinity distance was used instead of the crowding distance to update the archived optimal solutions in the QPSO algorithm. The archived optimal solutions are updated and maintained by using the dynamic vicinity distance based m-nearest neighbor list in the QPSO algorithm. Secondly, an adaptive dynamic threshold of unfitness function for constraint handling is introduced in the process. It is related to the evolution algebra and the feasible solution. Thirdly, a new metric called the distribution metric is proposed to depict the diversity and distribution of the Pareto optimal. In order to verify the validity and feasibility of the QPSO-NNIA2 algorithm, we compare it with the QPSO, NNIA2, NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and SPEA2 algorithms in solving unconstrained and constrained multi-objective problems. The simulation results show that the QPSO-NNIA2 algorithm achieves superior convergence and superior performance by three metrics compared to other algorithms.
Designing on a Vehicle Body Control Module Performance Tester
Authors: Ding Zuowu
Published: November 2018

To test short-circuits between vehicle body control module (BCM) pins, to measure window glass-frame riser and vehicle central control door lock motors’ working current, working voltage and maximum open and close time, a kind of BCM performance tester is designed. MC9S12XS128 singlechip is used to act as the performance tester CPU. PAB817 photo couplers are used to act as high and low power supply isolated devices. ACS712-30A is used to act as motor working current sensor. One MAX232 is used to act as serial port communication element between the BCM performance tester and the computer. The brand XXX BCM is tested by the BCM performance tester. The results indicate that the BCM performance tester can meet the needs. The detecting results can afford proof for vehicle manufacturers and vehicle parts manufacturers to judge the BCM quality.
ANALYTIC PROPERTIES OF HIDDEN VARIABLE BIVARIABLE FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTIONS WITH FOUR FUNCTION CONTRACTIVITY FACTORS
Authors: YUN CHOL-HUI , LI MI-KYONG
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we present some analytic properties of hidden variable bivariable fractal interpolation functions (HVBFIFs) with four function contractivity factors presented in [C. H. Yun and M. K. Li, Hidden variable bivariate fractal interpolation functions and errors on perturbations of function vertical scaling factors, Asian-Eur. J. Math. (2017), doi:10.1142/s1793557119500219]. Since four contractivity factors of these HVBFIFs are all functions, the construction of these HVBFIFs has more flexibility and diversity in fitting and approximation of complicated surfaces in nature and irregular experimental data with less self-similarity than one whose four contractivity factors are all constants or only one factor is function. The smoothness and stability of HVBFIFs are needed to ensure the applicability of the HVBFIFs in many practical problems such as the simulation of the objects of the nature, data fitting, etc. We first obtain the results related to their smoothness in nine different cases and then prove that the HVBFIFs are stable to the small perturbations of the interpolation points.
A DICTIONARY LEARNING APPROACH FOR FRACTAL IMAGE CODING
Authors: LU JIAN , TIAN JIAPENG , XU CHEN , ZOU YURU
Published: November 2018

In recent years, sparse representations of images have shown to be efficient approaches for image recovery. Following this idea, this paper investigates incorporating a dictionary learning approach into fractal image coding, which leads to a new model containing three terms: a patch-based sparse representation prior over a learned dictionary, a quadratic term measuring the closeness of the underlying image to a fractal image, and a data-fidelity term capturing the statistics of Gaussian noise. After the dictionary is learned, the resulting optimization problem with fractal coding can be solved effectively. The new method can not only efficiently recover noisy images, but also admirably achieve fractal image noiseless coding/compression. Experimental results suggest that in terms of visual quality, peak-signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index and mean absolute error, the proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.