bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primeira ocorrência de Thelypteris villosa (Link) C. F. Reed (Thelypteridaceae) para o Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Macedo Taís Soares , Góes Neto Aristóteles , Nonato Fabiana Regina
Published: November 2011

Thelypteris villosa (Link) C. F. Reed, espécie rara, até recentemente tratada como endêmica da Floresta Atlântica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, é referida pela primeira vez para a região Nordeste do Brasil, Estado da Bahia, contribuindo para ampliar as informações a respeito da espécie.
O lugar da experiência afetiva na gênese dos processos de subjetivação
Authors: Peixoto Junior Carlos Augusto , Arán Márcia
Published: November 2011

Dada a atualidade e a importância dos afetos na gênese dos processos de subjetivação, este artigo tem como objetivo central discutir as teses formuladas por Daniel Stern, autor que vem se dedicando nos últimos anos a observações minuciosas dos processos primários de subjetivação do infante, prestando uma atenção especial ao tema da experiência afetiva. Partindo de uma localização dos afetos em sua teoria, passamos a uma discussão a propósito da forma temporal dos sentimentos no contexto das relações interpessoais, para então analisarmos dois dos principais conceitos formulados por ele, quais sejam, os de afeto de vitalidade e sintonia afetiva. Ao longo desta discussão também serão contemplados outros temas relevantes, tais como as noções de interação afetiva, empatia e comunicação emocional.
A inauguração da interlocução entre a educação e a psicanálise no Brasil: Arthur Ramos, transferência, ideal e autoridade
Authors: Corrêa Cristia Rosineiri Gonçalves Lopes
Published: November 2011

O artigo aborda a dimensão do Ideal na abordagem de Arthur Ramos, no momento inaugural da interlocução da educação com a psicanálise, ao introduzir a noção de “criança problema” e prerrogar a reeducação como medida óbvia por meio da transferência. Argumenta que, enquanto Ramos toma como principal ferramenta a dimensão do Ideal comportada pela transferência para fazer valer a autoridade degradada nos quadros de problemas da criança na escola, podemos verificar a partir de Lacan, sustentado rigorosamente nos textos de Freud, que o Ideal segrega e ele está na contramão da autoridade. Nessa direção, o artigo, ao abordar de forma mais destacada a transferência, verifica um desvio na origem dessa interlocução entre esses dois campos, no contexto brasileiro.
O sentido da visita domiciliária realizada por estudantes de medicina e enfermagem: um estudo qualitativo com usuários de unidades de saúde da família
Authors: Marin Maria José Sanches , Gomes Romeu , Siqueira Junior Antonio Carlos , Nunes Cássia Regina Rodrigues , Cardoso Cristina Peres , Otani Márcia Padovan , Moravcik Maria Yvette
Published: November 2011

A visita domiciliária (VD) é considerada uma importante tecnologia para a compreensão e para o cuidado às necessidades de saúde da população. Decorre daí a demanda de sua prática nos processos de formação de profissionais da saúde. Este estudo se propõe a analisar a ótica dos usuários de unidades de saúde da família sobre as VDs realizadas por estudantes das séries iniciais de medicina e de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza, para coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com usuários que receberam visitas dos estudantes de Enfermagem e de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Para análise dos dados utiliza-se o método de interpretação de sentidos baseado na perspectiva hermenêutico-dialética. Os usuários apontam como positivo o fato de que a atuação dos estudantes vai além do cuidado com um corpo biológico, evidenciando a importância das relações interpessoais no contexto da atenção à saúde. Como limitação da VD, os usuários indicam a necessidade de sua maior organização e planejamento. Depreende-se que a VD amplia a interatividade entre o serviço de saúde e o usuário e se desenvolve conforme os princípios da humanização. No entanto, deve-se atentar à importância de um contínuo aperfeiçoamento no planejamento e na implementação das visitas domiciliárias.
Avaliação da associação entre qualificação de médicos e enfermeiros em atenção primária em saúde e qualidade da atenção
Authors: Leão Claudia Danyella Alves , Caldeira Antônio Prates
Published: November 2011

Este estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre os atributos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) e a qualificação profissional de médicos e enfermeiros. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária, versão infantil (PCATool infantil), com aplicação aos cuidadores das crianças residentes e cadastradas nas áreas das equipes de saúde da família. Os atributos da APS foram avaliados através dos escores aferidos pelos cuidadores. Após análises bivariadas, a associação entre o grau de orientação para a APS e as características socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como as características profissionais e das unidades de saúde foram verificadas através de ajuste multivariado pela Regressão de Poisson. As equipes onde atuavam profissionais com residência em saúde da família ou residência de medicina de família e comunidade apresentaram escores dos atributos da APS mais elevados do que os escores das equipes onde os profissionais não possuíam tal qualificação. Os autores concluíram que a especialização na modalidade residência de medicina de família e comunidade para médicos e residência em saúde da família enfermeiros apresenta potencialidades para a transformação do modelo de atenção, a partir dos atributos da APS.
Cinco anos da política nacional de humanização: trajetória de uma política pública
Authors: Pasche Dário Frederico , Passos Eduardo , Hennington Élida Azevedo
Published: November 2011

O artigo apresenta o cenário de emergência e a trajetória da Política Nacional de Humanização HumanizaSUS, que como política pública foi construída para enfrentar e superar os desafios enunciados pela sociedade brasileira quanto à qualidade e à dignidade no cuidado em saúde; redesenhar e articular iniciativas de humanização do SUS e enfrentar problemas no campo da gestão e da organização do trabalho em saúde. Destacando-a como política pública, os autores analisam suas principais apostas e ofertas teórico-metodológicas para o enfrentamento de problemas na gestão e nas práticas de atenção em saúde, apontando para a necessidade de se combinar estratégias nos planos macro e micropolítico, sem dissociá-las. A análise enfoca mudanças na composição e nas estratégias de ação, as quais incluem a mobilização social, o apoio a instâncias de gestão, os serviços e as equipes de saúde e o desenvolvimento de processos de formação de apoiadores institucionais. Apresenta alguns resultados obtidos nos seus primeiros cinco anos de existência, bem como limites e perspectivas, considerando o desafio da Política de Humanização do SUS se constituir efetivamente em política pública, o que não pode ser alcançado sem a mobilização das forças sociais que se agenciam para além do Estado.
Reforma psiquiátrica, federalismo e descentralização da saúde pública no Brasil
Authors: Costa Nilson do Rosário , Siqueira Sandra Venâncio , Uhr Deborah , Silva Paulo Fagundes da , Molinaro Alex Alexandre
Published: November 2011

O trabalho analisa as relações entre a reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, a adoção dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e o desenvolvimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) por meio do pacto federativo. A aderência dos governos municipais foi uma variável condicionante da disseminação da reforma, especialmente em função da dimensão continental e da fragmentação federativa do país. O trabalho demonstra uma trajetória de consistente estabilidade institucional da reforma psiquiátrica no Brasil ao longo de duas décadas. A institucionalidade do processo decisório no espaço público brasileiro ofereceu à agenda da reforma condições de implantação nos Municípios dos novos formatos organizacionais por meio da imitação, dos incentivos financeiros e pela bem sucedida defesa das vantagens sobre o modelo hospitalar e asilar dominante nas décadas passadas. As intervenções indutivas, reforçadas e acolhidas pela Lei 10.216/2001, transformaram a agenda da reforma psiquiátrica, limitada a cidades pioneiras, em uma política pública nacional.
Reflexões sobre políticas de drogas no Brasil
Authors: Andrade Tarcísio Matos de
Published: November 2011

Este artigo trás algumas reflexões sobre as políticas de drogas no Brasil, desde os momentos iniciais do enfrentamento do HIV/AIDS entre os usuários de drogas injetáveis. Nos dois primeiros capítulos, tendo como ponto de partida os programas de trocas de seringas (PTS), o autor aborda o percurso da Política de Redução de Danos no Brasil e o papel nela desempenhado pelo Departamento de DST, AIDS e Hepatites Virais. O terceiro capítulo traz as ações desenvolvidas pela Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental Álcool e outras Drogas e pela Secretaria de Políticas sobre Drogas - SENAD, a partir da retração do Departamento de DST e AIDS nas políticas sobre drogas, bem como o surgimento do PEAD e do "Plano Crack", enquanto planos emergenciais para fazer face ao aumento do consumo de crack no país. No quarto e quinto capítulos são discutidos os dispositivos da atual política brasileira sobre drogas, suas limitações vinculadas, sobretudo, à fragilidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família, e são analisadas criticamente algumas das ações previstas no PEAD e no "Pano Crack". No sexto capítulo o autor trás os efeitos da repressão em nome do combate ao tráfico na política brasileira sobre drogas, tendo como pano de fundo a marginalização e a exclusão social dos usuários. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas proposições para a Política de Álcool e Drogas no Brasil.
Saúde pública, redução de danos e a prevenção das infecções de transmissão sexual e sanguínea: revisão dos principais conceitos e sua implementação no Brasil
Authors: Elias Lucília de Almeida , Bastos Francisco Inacio
Published: November 2011

Este artigo aborda o contexto histórico e o marco conceitual da implantação dos programas de redução de danos no campo da saúde pública, com ênfase nos programas brasileiros. A presente revisão teve como objetivo principal investigar a pertinência atual de tais programas no enfrentamento das infecções de transmissão sexual e sanguínea, em especial, a AIDS e a hepatite C. Os resultados sistematizados pela literatura nacional e internacional indicam que as ações práticas de redução de danos são mais efetivas quando integradas a outras medidas de saúde pública, guiadas por princípios em comum. Iniciativas de redução de danos afinadas com princípios de saúde pública não se prendem a modelos, nem se esgotam em cuidados de saúde propriamente ditos. Abrangem diversas modalidades de ações pragmáticas, com base em políticas públicas, devem estar em sintonia com a comunidade desde seu planejamento, e serem executadas em parceria com esta.
Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?
Authors: Hartog Jeroen Johan de , Boogaard Hanna , Nijland Hans , Hoek Gerard
Published: November 2011

Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions and increased levels of physical activity, shifts in individual adverse health effects such as higher exposure to air pollution and risk of a traffic accident may prevail. We have summarized the literature for air pollution, traffic accidents, and physical activity using systematic reviews supplemented with recent key studies. We quantified the impact on all-cause mortality when 500,000 people would make a transition from car to bicycle for short trips on a daily basis in the Netherlands. We estimate that beneficial effects of increased physical activity are substantially larger (3-14 months gained) than the potential mortality effect of increased inhaled air pollution doses (0.8-40 days lost) and the increase in traffic accidents (5-9 days lost). Societal benefits are even larger because of a modest reduction in air pollution and traffic accidents. On average, the estimated health benefits of cycling were substantially larger than the risks relative to car driving for individuals shifting their mode of transport.
Consumo de álcool entre estudantes do ensino médio do município de Passos - MG
Authors: Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Almeida Jussara de Castro , Garcia Patrícia Petromili Nordi Sasso , Faria João Bosco
Published: November 2011

Este estudo identificou o padrão de consumo de álcool entre estudantes do ensino médio de Passos (MG) e sua associação com fatores socio-demográficos. Participaram 1.967 adolescentes de instituições públicas e privadas de ensino. Utilizou-se o questionário AUDIT. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, teste de qui-quadrado e regressão logística múltipla. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 15,84±1,23 anos. O primeiro contato com o álcool ocorreu aos 13,37±1,92 anos. Dos adolescentes, 30,96% eram abstêmios, 45,76% apresentaram comportamento de beber moderado, 16,47% de beber de risco, 3,51% de alto risco e 3,31% de possível dependência. Houve associação significativa entre o risco de beber e o sexo, relacionamento do adolescente com a mãe, trabalho, nível econômico e de escolaridade do chefe da família. Na análise multivariada observou-se maior risco para os adolescentes do sexo masculino, trabalhadores e com ausência de bom relacionamento com a mãe. Verificou-se que os adolescentes apresentaram contato precoce com bebidas alcoólicas e alta prevalência de comportamento de beber de risco.
Vozes da loucura cantada: sentidos sobre a loucura e o louco em canções brasileiras
Authors: Barros João Paulo Pereira , Jorge Maria Salete Bessa
Published: November 2011

O artigo resulta de uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender os sentidos sobre a loucura e o louco que atravessam canções brasileiras contemporâneas. As considerações de Michael Foucault sobre a História da Loucura e as de Mary Jane Spink sobre práticas discursivas e a produção de sentidos formaram as bases teóricas do estudo. A metodologia consistiu na realização de uma cartografia da circulação de sentidos sobre o louco e a loucura em trinta canções reunidas pelo motor de busca Google. Os resultados da cartografia indicam a polifonia do discurso literomusical e apontam uma paisagem discursiva heterogênea onde se destacam cinco zonas de sentido sobre a loucura e o louco. Conclui-se que estes signos estão em disputa no dia-a-dia, sendo que alguns sentidos circulantes nas canções remetem a modos instituídos de lidar com essa situação, enquanto outros podem constituir vetores de subjetivações fugidias às normalizações cotidianas. Assim, ao realçar algumas conformações simbólicas que perpassam o imaginário social, o artigo chama a atenção para a relevância de o campo multidisciplinar da saúde mental escutar as vozes sociais sobre as várias loucuras, perscrutando suas condições de produção e suas possíveis ressonâncias.
A invisibilidade da sorodiscordância na atenção às pessoas com HIV/AIDS
Authors: Silva Angela Machado da , Camargo Junior Kenneth Rochel de
Published: November 2011

Este estudo busca identificar e refletir sobre as estratégias médicas utilizadas a fim de garantir a importância do uso sistemático do preservativo na eficácia da prevenção à Aids, em especial, quando os pacientes estão envolvidos em relacionamentos conjugais sorodiscordantes, em que apenas um elemento do casal é portador do vírus HIV. Como instrumento de análise usamos os conceitos de estilos de pensamento da epistemologia (Fleck), de processo formativo (Good), e o de terapêutica (Sayd, Camargo Júnior e Almeida). Dentre os resultados encontrados na pesquisa, destacou-se uma invisibilidade dirigida aos casais sorodiscordantes, pois o que se revela como realmente importante é a adesão ao tratamento, que se confunde com adesão aos medicamentos (antirretrovirais).
Hybrid Mesh Adaptive Direct Search and Genetic Algorithms Techniques for industrial production systems
Authors: Vasant Pandian
Published: November 2011

Hybrid Mesh Adaptive Direct Search and Genetic Algorithms Techniques for industrial production systems

In this paper, computational and simulation results are presented for the performance of the fitness function, decision variables and CPU time of the proposed hybridization method of Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (MADS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). MADS is a class of direct search of algorithms for nonlinear optimization. The MADS algorithm is a modification of the Pattern Search (PS) algorithm. The algorithms differ in how the set of points forming the mesh is computed. The PS algorithm uses fixed direction vectors, whereas the MADS algorithm uses random selection of vectors to define the mesh. A key advantage of MADS over PS is that local exploration of the space of variables is not restricted to a finite number of directions (poll directions). This is the primary drawback of PS algorithms, and therefore the main motivation in using MADS to solve the industrial production planning problem is to overcome this restriction. A thorough investigation on hybrid MADS and GA is performed for the quality of the best fitness function, decision variables and computational CPU time.
Development of variable rate sprayer for oil palm plantation
Authors: Ishak W. , Hudzari R. , Ridzuan M.
Published: November 2011

Development of variable rate sprayer for oil palm plantation

This project describes the design and development of a camera vision with color detection for the variable rate technology (VRT) automated sprayer. In this project, the smart sprayer system was already developed and mounted on the ATV. The automated sprayer system was developed by combination of the electromechanical system, PC parallel port relay board, the controller and visual basic programming software. This smart sprayer system is guided with the camera to detect the presence of weeds. Detection of weeds is based on the green color value from RGB value. The amount or percentage (%) of weeds detected determines the rate of spraying that is controlled by an electric motor and the relay board. In this project, the spray nozzles were modified to be fully open, fully closed and half open. The closing and opening of valves were controlled by the electromechanical system that receives the instruction from the camera vision. Experiments carried out shows that the nozzle is closed when the percentage of weeds detected is less than 2%. It is half open at 3% to 50% and fully open at more than 51%. The application rate of spraying can be determined from the result of the spraying operation.
Models of quantum computation and quantum programming languages
Authors: Miszczak J.
Published: November 2011

Models of quantum computation and quantum programming languages

The goal of the presented paper is to provide an introduction to the basic computational models used in quantum information theory. We review various models of quantum Turing machine, quantum circuits and quantum random access machine (QRAM) along with their classical counterparts. We also provide an introduction to quantum programming languages, which are developed using the QRAM model. We review the syntax of several existing quantum programming languages and discuss their features and limitations.
Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substrates
Authors: Lackner J. , Major L. , Kot M.
Published: November 2011

Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substrates

The mechanical and tribological behavior of physical vapor deposited coatings on soft substrate materials gains increasing interest due to economical and environmental aspects - e.g. substitution of steels by light-weight metals or polymers in transport vehicles. Nevertheless, such soft materials require surface protection against wear in tribological contacts. Single layer hard coatings deposited at room temperature are brittle with a relatively poor adhesion. Therefore, they should be better substituted by tough multilayer coatings of soft-hard material combinations. However, the mechanics of such multilayer coatings with several 10 nm thick bilayer periods is difficult and yet not well described. The presented work tries to fill the gap of knowledge by focusing both on mechanical investigations of hardness, adhesion, and wear and on microscopic elucidation of deformation mechanisms. In the paper 1 μm thick Ti/TiN multilayer stacks were deposited by magnetron sputtering on soft austenitic steel substrates at room temperature to prevent distortion of functional components in future applications. High hardness was found for 8 and 16 bilayer films with modulation ratio Ti: TiN = 1:2 and 1:4. This was attributed (with use of transmission electron microscopy) to stopping the crack propagation in thin Ti layers of the multilayer systems by shear deformation combined with different fracture mechanisms in comparison with that for the TiN single layers (edge cracks at the border of the contact area and ring cracks outside, respectively).
Contribution to the TLC separation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixture
Authors: Mučaji P. , Nagy M.
Published: November 2011

Contribution to the TLC separation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixture

The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, simple, effective and reproducible TLC method for separation of a naturally occurring mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids. Because of the similarity of chemical structures,in situderivatisation by iodine was necessary to separate these triterpenic acids. Separation was achieved on silica gel plates. After derivatisation, a chromatographic plate was developed with the mobile phase consisting of light petrol, ethyl acetate and acetone (8.2:1.8:0.1, v/v/v) following visualisation by spraying with sulphuric acid in diethylether (25%, v/v) and heating to 120°C for 5 min. The method used enabled chromatographical differentiation of ursolic and oleanolic acid mixtures in all tested mutual ratios.
Cruciferous vegetables in cancer prevention
Authors: Pilátová M. , Chripková M. , Mojžiš J.
Published: November 2011

Cruciferous vegetables in cancer prevention

Epidemiological studies have reported a strong inverse correlation between the intake of cruciferous vegetables and the cancer risk. This association has been found stronger than the association between cancer risk and fruit and vegetable intake in general. Cruciferous vegetables are unique in that they are rich sources of glucosinolates. Hydrolytic degradation of glucosinolates results in the formation of biologically active compounds, including indoles (such as I3C - indole-3-carbinol, DIM - diindolylmethane, indole phytoalexins) and isothiocyanates (such as PEITC - phenethyl isothiocyanate, SFN - sulforaphane). Some mechanisms, like effect on biotransformation system, induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and antiangiogenic effect, by which cruciferous vegetables act as chemopreventive agents have been described. Beneficial modulation of oestrogen metabolism with reduced risk of breast and cervical cancer after DIM and I3C supplementation was noted. Despite all health benefit expectation, some studies found that I3C actually promoted or enhanced the development of cancer when administered chronically after the carcinogen (post initiation) to rats. Because the long-term effects of the supplementation of the mentioned compounds on cancer risk in humans are not known, the widespread use of dietary supplements containing natural compounds in humans should be avoided until the potential risks versus benefits are better understood.
Assessment of Selenium Concentration in Selected Organs of Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides)
Authors: Seremak Beata , Pilarczyk Bogumiła , Tomza-Marciniak Agnieszka , Pilarczyk Renata , Jakubczak Andrzej , Dziadosz Małgorzata , Pławski Kamil , Hendzel Diana
Published: November 2011

Assessment of Selenium Concentration in Selected Organs of Farmed Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides)

The aim of the study was to determine selenium concentrations in the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and muscles of farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and to evaluate their impact on hair coat quality. Selenium concentration was determined using the modified Watkinson's spectrofluorometric method. Subjects were 20 farmed raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) at the age of 8-9 months, which were kept on a farm in south-eastern Poland. The results show that liver selenium content averaged 0.23±0.10 μg/g w.w. (wet weight). The concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.49 μg/g w.w. Kidney selenium concentration (0.49±0.17 μg/g w.w. on average) was over twice that of liver concentration. Animals with higher scores for hair coat quality had lower selenium concentrations in the kidneys and liver, and higher selenium concentrations in muscles, but the differences were not significant. When relating Se concentrations determined in the liver of raccoon dogs to the biochemical criteria, it is concluded that 80% of the analysed raccoon dogs were deficient in this element and 20% had marginal levels. The results obtained in our study suggest that the food used on the farm did not fully meet the Se requirement of the raccoon dogs.
Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different Breeds
Authors: Nowachowicz Jerzy , Michalska Grażyna , Bucek Tomasz , Wasilewski Przemysław
Published: November 2011

Relationships Between Performance Test Results of Gilts of Different Breeds

The relationships expressed as calculated correlation coefficients were determined between the results of 44 110 purebred gilts performance tested in the years 2004-2008. The animals came from the Bydgoszcz Breeding Region and represented 5 breeds (Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire, Duroc and Pietrain) and synthetic Line 990. The traits taken into account were: age and body weight on test day, daily body weight gain standardized to 180 days of age, backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points, loin eye height at P4 points, body meat content, and performance test selection index. Negative and highly significant correlations were found between growth rate and standardized backfat thickness at P2 and P4 points in all gilts of the tested breeds except Line 990. In the case of two breeds (Polish Large White and Pietrain) and Line 990, the correlation coefficients between daily body weight gain and standardized body meat content were negative and highly significant, which possibly suggests the unfavourable impact of high growth rate on the meat content. Higher correlation coefficient values were observed between the performance test selection index and the daily body weight gain than between the selection index and the body meat content of Polish Large White, Polish Landrace, Hampshire and Pietrain gilts.
Welfare Levels in Heritage Breed vs. Commercial Laying Hens in the Litter System
Authors: Sosnówka-Czajka Ewa , Herbut Eugeniusz , Skomorucha Iwona , Muchacka Renata
Published: November 2011

Welfare Levels in Heritage Breed vs. Commercial Laying Hens in the Litter System

The objective of the study was to determine differences in welfare levels between heritage breed hens (Yellowleg Partridge, Sussex, Leghorn) and commercial crosses (ISA Brown, Lohmann Brown, Hy-Line) kept in the litter system with no outdoor access. The experiment was carried out with 180 hens of three heritage breeds (Yellowleg Partridge, Sussex, Leghorn) and 180 commercial crosses of laying hens (Hy-Line, ISA Brown, Lohmann). Layers were reared in the litter system with no outdoor access. During the experiment, production data were collected until 38 days of age and birds' behaviour was monitored for 24 h at 18, 20, 32 and 38 weeks of age. O f the three commercial lines of laying hens kept in the litter system with no outdoor access, the lowest welfare levels were characteristic of ISA Brown birds. Hy-Line and Lohmann layers were characterized by comparable welfare levels that were higher in relation to ISA Brown layers. The results also showed that Sussex hens reared in the litter system had higher welfare levels than Yellowleg Partridge and Leghorn hens. When comparing the results of heritage breed and commercial hens, it can be said that mortality and increased levels of aggression in heritage breed hens kept in the litter system suggest that their welfare levels were lower than in commercial layers.
Effect of Genetically Modified Feeds on Physico-Chemical Properties of Pork
Authors: Stadnik Joanna , Karwowska Małgorzata , Dolatowski Zbigniew , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: November 2011

Effect of Genetically Modified Feeds on Physico-Chemical Properties of Pork

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genetically modified (GM), insect-resistant Bt maize (MON810) and the meal made of glyphosate-tolerant soybean (Roundup Ready MON40-3-2) used as the dietary components for pigs on the physico-chemical properties of meat. Forty-eight fatteners derived from Polish Landrace x Polish Large White sows mated to a Duroc x Pietrain boar were used. All animals received isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing or not containing the genetically modified components. The design of the experiment was as follows: group I (control) - non-modified soybean meal and maize; group II - GM soybean meal and non-modified maize; group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM maize; group IV - GM soybean meal and GM maize. The examination of the pH values of loin and neck muscles indicated no statistically significant differences between pigs fed diets containing non-transgenic or transgenic feeds. No statistical differences were observed for water holding capacity (WHC) within dietary treatments. The introduction of transgenic maize and soybean meal into pig diets did not significantly affect the a* colour parameter of loin as well as neck muscles. The use of transgenic maize or soybean meal did not cause significant changes in the L* colour value of loin. Results obtained for neck muscles were more differentiated, possibly due to the natural heterogeneity of this primal cut. Pigs which had consumed the transgenic diet exhibited slightly decreased lipid stability of loin, as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The decrease was statistically significant only in the case of muscles from group II. The addition of feeds derived from genetically modified crops into pig diets did not significantly affect the stability of neck muscle lipids; however, TBARS values of these muscles were twice those of loin muscles.
High-latitude obliquity as a dominant forcing in the Agulhas current system
Authors: Caley T. , Kim J.-H. , Malaizé B. , Giraudeau J. , Laepple T. , Caillon N. , Charlier K. , Rebaubier H. , Rossignol L. , Castañeda I. S. , Schouten S. , Sinninghe Damsté J. S.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The Agulhas Current transport of heat and salt from the Indian Ocean into the South Atlantic around South Africa (Agulhas leakage), can affect the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and, thus, influence global climate. However, efforts to elucidate forcing mechanisms connecting the Agulhas leakage with the upstream dynamics of the current have been hampered by a lack of climate records extracted from the area where the Agulhas current originates. We determine 800-kyr sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) records from the "precursor" region of the Agulhas current and show that these records contain strong 100-kyr and 41-kyr cycles. This latter obliquity-driven cycle is nearly in phase with changes in the annual mean insolation and air temperature at high southern latitudes. In contrast, our SST and SSS records did not reveal precession-driven cycles, which is surprising given the low-latitude location of the upstream Agulhas current. Together, this indicates that the dynamics of the Agulhas current system is mainly controlled by high latitude obliquity through its influence on the position of the Southern Hemisphere subtropical front (STF) and its associated westerlies. Our study demonstrates that obliquity may drive an important part of the 100 kyr cycles observed in the system rather than precession. Our results also suggest that a stronger Agulhas current, associated with a northward shift of the wind system during glacial periods, leads to reduced leakage, in accordance with the theory. We argue that during terminations, stronger Agulhas leakage of heat and salt was triggered by increased obliquity exerting a positive feedback on the global climate system through modulating long-term AMOC variations.
Assessing extreme droughts in the Iberian Peninsula during 1750–1850 from rogation ceremonies
Authors: Domínguez-Castro F. , Ribera P. , García-Herrera R. , Vaquero J. M. , Barriendos M. , Cuadrat J. M. , Moreno J. M.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Among the different meteorological risks, droughts are the ones with the highest socio-economical impact in the Iberian Peninsula. Drought events have been largely studied in the instrumental period, but very little is known about the characteristics of droughts in the preinstrumental period. In this work, new series of rogation ceremonies identify severe droughts within the period 1750–1850. The overlapping of the rogation series with some instrumental series served to identify some climatic characteristics of rogation ceremonies: a) during spring, rainfall deficits needed to celebrate rogation ceremonies are smaller than in any other season; b) when the number of location celebrating rogations increases in a region the hydrological deficit on each location increases as well. On the other hand, it was found that the periods 1750–1754 and 1779–1783 are probably the driest periods of the 101 analyzed years. Both show an important number of rogations all over the Iberian Peninsula and during all the seasons. The most extended drought of this period occurred during the spring of 1817, affecting 15 of the 16 locations studied. This drought was influenced by the Tambora eruption (1815). The study of the climate footprint of this eruption and its comparison with similar situations in the series suggest that the spring drought of 1824 may be associated with the eruptions of the Galunggung and Usu volcanoes (1822). Further studies are required to confirm this fact and understand the atmospheric mechanisms involved.
Fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina during the past 400 yr
Authors: Ruiz L. , Masiokas M. H. , Villalba R.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The number of studies of Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier fluctuations in Southern South America has increased in recent years but is largely biased towards sites in the South Patagonian Andes. In this paper we present a detailed record of length and areal fluctuations of Glaciar Esperanza Norte (GEN), in the North Patagonian Andes of Argentina, during the past four centuries. The GEN record was reconstructed through the dendro-geomorphological dating of moraines and the analysis of satellite imagery, aerial photographs and documentary material complemented with extensive field surveys. The maximum LIA extent at GEN was associated with an outer moraine dated to the mid 17th century. At least 19 subsequent readvances or standstills evidenced by morainic ridges were identified inside the most extensive LIA moraine. The dating and spacing of these moraines and the additional information available indicate that the ice front retreated much more rapidly during the 20th century than during earlier centuries. Comparison with the record of LIA fluctuations of Glaciar Frías, an ice mass of similar characteristics located 110 km to the north of GEN, shows a similar pattern of recession over the past 400 yr. Both glacier records have the peak LIA event occurring roughly during the same interval and show a minor readvance during the 1970s, but there are still a few discrepancies in the dating of some inner moraines. These differences may be due to local, specific factors or associated with the inherent uncertainties in the dating of the moraines. The chronologies of GEN and Frías are among the most detailed currently available in Patagonia, but a larger number of study sites is needed to develop robust, regionally representative glacier chronologies. Detailed glaciological, geomorphological and meteorological data are also needed to understand the glacier-climate relationships in this region and develop reliable paleoclimatic reconstructions.
Accounting for seasonality in a soil moisture change detection algorithm for ASAR Wide Swath time series
Authors: Van doninck J. , Peters J. , Lievens H. , De Baets B. , Verhoest N. E. C.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. A change detection algorithm is applied on a three year time series of ASAR Wide Swath images in VV polarization over Calabria, Italy, in order to derive information on temporal soil moisture dynamics. The algorithm, adapted from an algorithm originally developed for ERS Scatterometer, was validated using a simple hydrological model incorporating meteorological and pedological data. Strong positive correlations between modelled soil moisture and ASAR soil moisture were observed over arable land, while the correlation became much weaker over more vegetated areas. In a second phase, an attempt was made to incorporate seasonality in the different model parameters. It was observed that seasonally changing vegetation and soil moisture mainly affected the multitemporal incidence angle normalization. When applying a seasonal angular normalization, correlation coefficients between modelled soil moisture and retrieved soil moisture increased overall. Attempts to account for seasonality in the other model parameters did not result in an improved performance.
Baseflow simulation of SWAT model in an inland river basin in Tianshan Mountains, Northwest China
Authors: Luo Y. , Arnold J. , Allen P. , Chen X.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Baseflow is an important component in hydrological modeling. Complex streamflow recession process complicates the baseflow simulation. In order to simulate the snow and/or glacier melt dominated streamflow receding quickly during high-flow period but very slowly during the low-flow period in rivers in arid and cold Northwest China, the current one-reservoir baseflow approach in SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) model was extended by adding a slow reacting reservoir and applied to the Manas River basin in Tianshan Mountains. Meanwhile, a digital filter program was employed to separate baseflow from streamflow records for comparisons. Results indicated that the two-reservoir method yielded much better results than the one-reservoir one in reproducing streamflow processes, and the low-flow estimation was improved markedly. Nash-Sutcliff efficiency values at the calibration and validation stages are 0.68 and 0.62 for the one-reservoir case, and 0.76 and 0.69 for the two-reservoir case, respectively. The filter-based method estimated the baseflow index as 0.60, while the model-based as o.45. The filter-based baseflow responds almost immediately to surface runoff occurrence at onset of rising limb, while the model-based with a delay. In consideration of watershed surface storage retention and soil freezing/thawing effects on infiltration and recharge during initial snowmelt season, a delay response is considered to be more reasonable. However, a more detailed description of freezing/thawing processes should be included in soil modules so as to determine recharge to aquifer during these processes, and thus an accurate onset point of rising limb of the simulated baseflow.
Adipocytokines and the risk of ischemic stroke: The PRIME Study
Authors: Prugger Christof , Luc Gérald , Haas Bernadette , Arveiler Dominique , Machez Emeline , Ferrieres Jean , Ruidavets Jean‐Bernard , Bingham Annie , Montaye Michèle , Amouyel Philippe , Yarnell John , Kee Frank , Ducimetiere Pierre , Empana Jean‐Philippe ,   on behalf of the PRIME Study Group
Published: November 2011

Objective:

Adipocytokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue that possibly link adiposity and the risk of cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective data exist on plasma adipocytokines and ischemic stroke risk. We investigated associations and predictive properties of 4 plasma adipocytokines, namely resistin, adipsin, leptin, and total adiponectin, with regard to incident ischemic stroke in the PRIME Study.

Methods:

A cohort of 9,771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age at baseline was followed up over a period of 10 years. In a nested case–control study, 95 ischemic stroke cases were matched with 190 controls on age, study center, and date of examination. Hazard ratios (HRs) per standard deviation increase in plasma adipocytokine levels were estimated using conditional logistic regression analysis. The additive value of adipocytokines in stroke risk prediction was evaluated by discrimination and reclassification metrics.

Results:

Resistin (HR, 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–3.03), adipsin (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.33–3.04), and total adiponectin (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.34), but not leptin, were independent predictors of ischemic stroke. The performance of a traditional risk factor model predicting ischemic stroke was significantly improved by the simultaneous inclusion of resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin (c‐statistic: 0.673 [95% CI, 0.631–0.766] vs 0.826 [95% CI, 0.792–0.892], p < 0.001; net reclassification improvement: 38.1%, p < 0.001).

Interpretation:

Higher plasma levels of resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin were associated with an increased 10‐year risk of ischemic stroke among healthy middle‐aged men. Resistin, adipsin, and total adiponectin provided incremental value over traditional risk factors for the prediction of ischemic stroke risk. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Einzelmolekülanalysen mithilfe von DNA‐Origami
Authors: Rajendran Arivazhagan , Endo Masayuki , Sugiyama Hiroshi
Published: November 2011

In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten wurden verschiedene Methoden entwickelt, die den Nachweis und die Manipulation einzelner Moleküle ermöglichen. Ein grundlegendes Verständnis biochemischer Reaktionen wurde mit solchen Methoden ebenso erreicht wie Biomolekülfaltung und Wirkstoff‐Screenings. Einzelmolekülanalysen wurden auch in der DNA‐Nanotechnologie angewendet. Bis vor Kurzem konnten mit den verbreitetsten Verfahren Strukturen von 10 bis 20 nm erhalten werden, was allerdings für viele Anwendungen nicht ausreicht. Die aktuelle Entwicklung eines “gerüstgebundenen DNA‐Origami” ermöglicht die Konstruktion größerer definierter Anordnungen. Einer der Hauptvorteile des Origami‐Verfahrens ist die präzise Umsetzbarkeit der gewünschten Strukturen: Jeder Basenstapel kann als Anheftungspunkt verschiedener Arten von Nanoobjekten wirken. Daher ist die Methode geeignet, um verschiedene Funktionalitäten präzise zu positionieren und viele chemische und biochemische Prozesse auf Einzelmolekülebene zu untersuchen. Hier fassen wir die neuesten Erkenntnisse bei der Einzelmolekülanalyse mit DNA‐Origami zusammen und diskutieren die künftigen Aufgaben für die Forschung.
Influence of the Marangoni Effect on the Efficiency of Plate Columns for Binary Distillation
Authors: Stefanov Z. , Karaivanova M. K.
Published: November 2011

The main feature of a distillation process is its efficiency. The gas‐liquid bubbling layer formed on the trays and the ongoing mass‐exchange process during distillation is influenced by the change of the surface tension gradient during this mass‐exchange procedure. Binary mixtures with respect to the change of the surface tension effect can be divided into positive, negative, and neutral ones. In order to assess the effect of surface tension on mass transfer, the stabilization index quantity is applied, representing the product of the liquid phase process momentum and the surface tension gradient in the mixture of the liquid phase. One possibility to express the Marangoni efficiency enhancement ratio by experimental distillation data obtained under identical hydrodynamic conditions in two binary systems, i.e., a positive (methanol‐water) and a neutral one (methanol‐ethanol), is presented.
Deracemization of bilirubin as the marker of the chirality of micellar aggregates
Authors: Sorrenti Alessandro , Altieri Barbara , Ceccacci Francesca , Di Profio Pietro , Germani Raimondo , Giansanti Luisa , Savelli Gianfranco , Mancini Giovanna
Published: November 2011

The deracemization of bilirubin in micellar aggregates of structurally correlated chiral surfactants was studied by circular dichroism experiments and exploited as the marker of the expression of chirality of the aggregates. The obtained results suggest that the hydrophobic interactions control the transfer of chirality from the monomers to the aggregates, and that different regions of the same aggregate might feature opposite enantiorecognition capabilities. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of Chemical Vapor Infiltration and Deposition Based on 3D Images: A Local Scale Approach
Authors: Ros William , Vignoles Gérard L. , Germain Christian , Supiot Philippe , Kokkoris George
Published: November 2011

A numerical solution for the simulation of chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of ceramic matrix composites is presented. This computational model requires a 3D representation of the preform. Gas transport and chemical reaction are simulated by a Monte Carlo random walk technique. The developed algorithm can also be used for the determination of effective transport and reaction properties in a porous medium. It is firstly validated by considering the simple case of diffusion and reaction in a flat pore. Results of infiltration of an actual fiber arrangement are described and discussed. Extension to deposition on a thin substrate with asperities is also studied
A transgenic Tbx6;CreERT2 line for inducible gene manipulation in the presomitic mesoderm
Authors: Peter Lopez T. , Fan Chen‐Ming
Published: November 2011

The rhythmic segmentation process of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) orchestrates the formation of somites, the fundamental units for the vertebrate axial body plan. To aid the investigation of molecular components governing the conversion from PSM into somites, we generated a transgenic mouse line that expresses a tamoxifen (tmx) inducible CreERT2 under the control of a 2.5 kb enhancer element of Tbx6, a gene essential for PSM formation and somite patterning. Combined with Cre reporters, this Tbx6;CreERT2 line displays robust tmx‐inducible Cre activity in the PSM at various embryonic stages. This tool should be useful for studying gene function during somitogenesis by either conditional inactivation or mis‐expression, and potentially coupled with cell marking. genesis 50:490–495, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Electron Transfer Properties of Carbon Spheres Chains via Electrochemical Functionalization
Authors: Hamoudi Zéhira , Mohamedi Mohamed
Published: November 2011

Electrochemical functionalization via electrochemical oxidation in nitric acid of various concentrations (0.1 M, 0.2 M and 2 M) was employed to enrich the surface of carbon sphere chains (CSCs) with some useful physico‐chemical properties such as hydrophilicity, oxygen functionalities and electron transfer properties. The functionalization process in 2 M HNO3 solution led to the creation of an original hybrid material made of carbon sphere chains‐carbon nanobuds. This material displayed a prominent response towards the electrocatalytic oxidation of ferrocyanide with a peak current three times and twice superior to those delivered by pristine CSC and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrodes, respectively.