bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
T lymphocyte rolling and recruitment into peripheral lymph nodes is regulated by a saturable density of L‐selectin (CD62L)
Authors: Galkina Elena , Florey Oliver , Zarbock Alexander , Smith Bryan R. E. , Preece Graham , Lawrence Michael B. , Haskard Dorian O. , Ager Ann
Published: April 2007

L‐selectin mediates tethering and rolling of lymphocytes in high endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph nodes (LN) and of leukocytes at inflammatory sites. We used transgenic mice expressing varying levels of wild‐type or a non‐cleavable mutant form of L‐selectin on T cells to determine the relationship between L‐selectin density, tethering and rolling, and migration into LN. T cells expressing supraphysiological levels of either wild‐type or non‐cleavable L‐selectin showed rolling parameters similar to C57BL/6 T cells in hydrodynamic flow assays and during rolling in Peyer's patch HEV. In contrast, PMA‐ or antigen‐activated T cells and L‐selectin+/– T cells expressing subphysiological levels of L‐selectin showed reduced numbers of rolling cells with increased rolling velocity. Short‐term homing studies showed that elevated expression of L‐selectin above physiological levels had no effect on T cell migration to LN; however, low L‐selectin expression resulted in reduced T cell homing to LN. Thus, T lymphocyte migration into LN is regulated by the density of cell surface L‐selectin. In addition, there is a saturable density of L‐selectin required for optimal homing to PLN in C57BL/6 mice, the L‐selectin level on circulating naive T cells promotes optimal homing, and increased expression above saturating levels promotes no further increase in T cell recruitment.
Transforming growth factor β1 up‐regulates interferon regulatory factor 8 during dendritic cell development
Authors: Ju Xin‐Sheng , Ruau David , Jäntti Piritta , Seré Kristin , Becker Christiane , Wiercinska Eliza , Bartz Clemens , Erdmann Bettina , Dooley Steven , Zenke Martin
Published: April 2007

Langerhans cells (LC) represent the cutaneous contingent of dendritic cells (DC). Their development critically depends on transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) as demonstrated by analysis of TGF‐β1–/– mice, which lack LC. Here we used a two‐step culture system and transcriptional profiling by DNA microarrays to search for TGF‐β1 target genes in DC. The study identified interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF‐8) as a novel target gene of TGF‐β1 signaling in DC. TGF‐β1 effectively induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and IRF‐8 RNA and protein expression. Blocking the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway by ectopic expression of inhibitory Smad7 and by SB431542 inhibitor abolished TGF‐β1 induced up‐regulation of IRF‐8. Furthermore, TGF‐β1‐dependent induction of IRF‐8 occurred in the absence of protein biosynthesis, suggesting a direct action of TGF‐β1/Smad signaling on IRF‐8 gene activity. TGF‐β1 also induced expression of the chemokine receptor CCR7 and enhanced DC migration towards CCR7 ligand ELC. DC of IRF‐8–/– mice show reduced CCR7 expression and migratory activity, thereby implicating the TGF‐β1/Smad/IRF‐8 signaling pathway in CCR7 regulation. Thus, this study identified a novel TGF‐β1/Smad/IRF‐8 signaling pathway with an impact on DC phenotype and function.
CD59a deficiency exacerbates influenza‐induced lung inflammation through complement‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms
Authors: Longhi M. Paula , Williams Anwen , Wise Matthew , Morgan B. Paul , Gallimore Awen
Published: April 2007

Influenza‐specific immune activity not only promotes virus clearance but also causes immunopathology, thereby underlining the importance of mounting a measured anti‐viral immune response. Since complement bridges both the innate and adaptive immune systems and has been implicated in defence against influenza, the role of the complement regulator CD59a in modulating the response to influenza was explored. For this purpose, immune responses to influenza virus, strain E61‐13‐H17, in mice deficient in the complement regulator protein CD59a (Cd59a–/– mice) were compared to those in wild‐type mice. The severity of lung inflammation was significantly enhanced in the lungs of Cd59a–/– mice with increased numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and CD4+ T cells. When complement was inhibited using soluble complement receptor 1, the frequency of lung‐infiltrating neutrophils in influenza‐infected Cd59a–/– mice was much reduced whilst numbers of CD4+ T cells remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that CD59a, previously defined as a complement regulator, modulates both the innate and adaptive immune response to influenza virus by both complement‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms.
An Inorganic Aggregate Based on a Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalate with Lanthanide and Potassium Cations: From 1D Chiral Ladder‐Like Chains to a 3D Open Framework
Authors: Chen Weilin , Li Yangguang , Wang Yonghui , Wang Enbo
Published: April 2007

The reaction of sandwich‐type polyanion [Mn4Si2W18O68(H2O)2]12–, ceric sulfate, and potassium citrate in an acidic aqueous solution led to the isolation of a new compound K4Na2[{Ce(H2O)7}2Mn4Si2W18O68(H2O)2]·21.5H2O (1), which crystallizes in the space group P212121 with a = 12.040(2) Å, b = 26.094(5) Å, c = 30.043(6) Å, V = 9439(3) Å3, Z = 4, and flack parameter x = 0.63(1). X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that 1 consists of novel chiral ladder‐like chains based on sandwich‐type polyanions and lanthanide cations, which are further connected into a three‐dimensional open framework by potassium cations.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Who or what are you?: Facial orientation and person construal
Authors: Cloutier Jasmin , Macrae C. Neil
Published: April 2007

An extensive literature has documented the cognitive benefits that accrue from a categorical conception of others. While informative, this work has overlooked the fact that, prior to the application of categorical thinking as an economizing cognitive tool, perceivers must first extract category‐triggering information from available facial cues. What this suggests is that an impetus to construe others categorically may reside in the perceptual operations that guide the preliminary stages of person understanding. This possibility was explored in three experiments that investigated the effects of stimulus rotation on the efficiency of identity‐based and category‐based construal. In the first experiment, sex categorization was compared directly to identity‐based construal. Subsequent experiments then investigated the efficiency of sex (Experiment 2) and race (Experiment 3) categorization when critical category‐specifying facial cues were present and absent. The results demonstrated that categorical responding is driven by the extraction of featural information from faces, a finding that informs recent theoretical accounts of person perception. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated 2‐D CE
Authors: Santos Bricio , Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Ángel , Valcárcel Miguel
Published: April 2007

A simple methodology for converting a commercial CE‐MS instrument into an integrated 2‐D CE system has been developed. The first‐dimensional capillary operates as a typical CE instrument with UV/visible detection. Fractions leaving the first dimension are automatically collected and introduced into the second dimension, performed on a CE‐MS apparatus, for analysis. The integrated system allows fractions in the second dimension to be analyzed using various electrophoretic modes. As an example, in this work we performed the separation of two families of antibiotics (nitroimidazoles and tetracyclines) in the first dimension and the subsequent resolution of the antibiotics in each family (nitroimidazoles were resolved by MEKC and tetracyclines by CZE) in the second dimension. The proposed system, which operates in an highly automatic manner, is flexible and allows various combination of electrophoretic modes to be implemented. In addition, the use of a mass spectrometer detector in the second dimension further increases the analytical potential of the system as a result of the high selectivity and wealth of structural information provided by the MS detector.
NACE‐ESI‐MS combined with on‐line concentration for high‐sensitivity analysis of quinolizidine alkaloids
Authors: Wang Shufang , Qu Haibin , Cheng Yiyu
Published: April 2007

A rapid, reproducible and high‐sensitivity NACE‐ESI‐MS method was developed for the analysis of sophoridine, matrine, sophocarpine and oxymatrine in the roots of Sophora flavescens Ait. and S. tonkinensis Gagnep. Field‐amplified sample stacking with electromigration‐injection (FASS‐EMI) was first used in NACE for the on‐line concentration of the alkaloids. The conditions of NACE separation, FASS‐EMI stacking and MS detection were systematically optimized. The optimum NACE buffer was an electrolyte containing 50 mM ammonium acetate, 0.5% acetic acid and 30% ACN in methanol. The sensitivity was improved by about 100‐fold by the FASS‐EMI technique, which was further improved by more than 1000‐fold with MS detection. The RSDs (n = 6) of the relative migration time and relative peak area of each peak were less than 0.3 and 2.4% for intra‐day and less than 5.1 and 6.0% for inter‐day, respectively. The LODs (S/N = 3) of analytes were determined to be 0.0210–0.0446 ng/mL. A bioanalytical method based on this NACE‐ESI‐MS method may be developed for the analysis of the alkaloids in biological sample matrices (plasma, urine, etc.) after effective ion removal.
Dielectrophoretic manipulation of fluorescing single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mureau Natacha , Mendoza Ernest , Silva S. Ravi P.
Published: April 2007

We investigate the behavior of fluorescing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) under dielectrophoretic conditions and demonstrate their collection with fluorescence microscopy. SWCNTs are dispersed in water with the aid of a nonionic surfactant, Triton ­X‐­100, and labeled through noncovalent binding with the dye 3,3′‐dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (diOC6). The chromophore's affinity to the SWCNTs is due to π‐stacking interactions. Carbon nanotube (CNT) localization is clearly identified on the fluorescence images, showing that the nanotubes concentrate between the electrodes and align along the electric field lines.
SDS disc electrophoresis of proteins in homogeneous, low‐concentrated polyacrylamide gels
Authors: Maly I. Piotr , Nitsch Cordula
Published: April 2007

In the attempt to separate in a single gel run low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight proteins, we present here a multiphasic buffer system designed for this purpose. It avoids the continuous stacking of SDS as it occurs in the ’︁classical' SDS‐PAGE. The system allows complete stacking and destacking of proteins in the 3.5–250 kDa range at acrylamide concentrations as low as 4.5% T (total acrylamide concentration in %) and 2.6% C (degree of cross‐linking in %). Taurine is used as the trailing ion in the cathode buffer and in the resolving zone of the gel, and two different counterions (Tris and imidazole) in the stacking zone. The gel system is easy to prepare and, due to the very low acrylamide concentrations, it is ideal for analytical as well as for preparative tasks.
Persistence of road runoff generation in a logged catchment in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Negishi Junjiro N. , Sidle Roy C. , Gomi Takashi , Noguchi Shoji , Nik Abdul Rahim
Published: April 2007

Measurements of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and diagnostic model simulations show that all types of logging road/trail in the 14·4 ha Bukit Tarek Experimental Catchment 3 (BTEC3) generate substantial Horton overland flow (HOF) during most storms, regardless of design and level of trafficking. Near‐surfaceKs(0–0·05 m) on the main logging road, skid trails and newly constructed logging terraces was less than 1, 2 and 34 mm h−1, respectively. Near‐surfaceKson an abandoned skid trail in an adjacent basin was higher (62 mm h−1), owing to the development of a thin organic‐rich layer on the running surface over the past 40 years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity measured at 0·25 m below the surface of all roads was not different (all <6 mm h−1) and corresponded to theKsof the adjacent hillslope subsoil, as most roads were excavated into the regolith more than 0·5–1 m. After 40 years, only limited recovery in near‐surfaceKsoccurred on the abandoned skid trail. This road generated HOF after the storage capacity of the upper near‐surface layer was exceeded during events larger than about 20 mm. Thus, excavation into low‐Kssubstrate had a greater influence on the persistence of surface runoff production than did surface compaction by machinery during construction and subsequent use during logging operations. Overland flow on BTEC3 roads was also augmented by the interception of shallow subsurface flow traveling along the soil–saprolite/bedrock interface and return flow emerging from the cutbank through shallow biogenic pipes. The most feasible strategy for reducing long‐term road‐related impacts in BTEC3 is limiting the depth of excavation and designing a more efficient road network, including minimizing the length and connectivity of roads and skid trails. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of two‐dimensional laminar slot‐jet impingement flows confined by a parallel wall
Authors: Sivasamy A. , Selladurai V. , Rajesh Kanna P.
Published: April 2007

Two‐dimensional laminar incompressible impinging slot‐jet is simulated numerically to gain insight into flow characteristics.Computations are done for vertically downward‐directed slot‐jets impinging on a plate at the bottom and confined by a parallel surface on top. The behaviour of the jet with respect to aspect ratio (AR) and
Reynolds number (Re) are described in detail. The computed flow patterns for various AR (2–5) and for a range of jet‐exit Reynolds numbers (100–500) are analysed to understand the flow characteristics. The transient development of the flow is also simulated for AR = 4 and Re = 300. It is found that the reattachment length is dependent on both AR and Reynolds number for the range considered. The correlation for reattachment length is suggested. The maximum resultant velocity Vrmax and its trajectory is reported. A detailed study of horizontal velocity profile at different downstream locations is reported. It is found that the effect of Reynolds number and AR is significant to the bottom wall vorticity in the impingement and wall jet regions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endonasal endoscopic resection and radiotherapy in olfactory neuroblastoma: Our experience
Authors: Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio , Delù Giovanni , Battaglia Paolo , Bignardi Mario , Dallan Iacopo
Published: April 2007

Background.

Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a bimodal method of treatment consisting in endoscopic resection followed by radiotherapy in patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ON).

Methods.

This is a retrospective review on 10 patients with ON treated at a tertiary referral center. All the patients were treated with endonasal endoscopic resection, and 1 refused postoperative radiotherapy.

Results.

No mortality was observed. Local tumor control was obtained in all the patients. Follow‐up ranged from 15 to 79 months (median, 37 months). One patient developed a regional recurrence and for this was treated with bilateral, modified type III radical neck dissection plus radiotherapy on the neck. All patients regained a good quality of life after the treatment.

Conclusions.

This method of treatment causes minimal injury to the patients, reduces side effects, and improves the quality of life of those with olfactory neuroblastoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the internal maxillary artery complicating CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in an irradiated, surgical bed
Authors: Oh John C. , Weber Randal S. , Bagley Linda J. , Loevner Laurie A.
Published: April 2007

Background.

CT‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe procedure, but major complications can occur rarely. Pseudoaneurysm rupture in the head and neck region following CT‐guided FNA is an emergency that can result in life‐threatening hemorrhage. This case emphasizes the salient risk factors for pseudoaneurysm formation and rupture in the head and neck region following CT‐guided FNA.

Methods.

A patient was seen with oral and facial hemorrhage as a result of a ruptured pseudoaneurysm 11 weeks following CT‐guided FNA in a previously irradiated surgical bed.

Results.

The patient was treated with coil embolization in and around the pseudoaneurysm and discharged without any further complications.

Conclusions.

Although CT‐guided FNA is a safe and effective procedure, some patients may be at increased risk for rare but major complications. Caution should be used in proceeding with CT‐guided FNA in an irradiated surgical bed of the head and neck. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase‐2 and DNA topoisomerase IIα expression in oral carcinoma
Authors: Sakurai Kazunari , Urade Masahiro , Noguchi Kazuma , Hashitani Susumu , Takaoka Kazuki , Segawa Emi , Kishimoto Hiromitsu
Published: April 2007

Background.

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of oral carcinoma, outcomes remain disappointing. The identification of new prognostic factors is necessary to improve survival. To determine the prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and DNA topoisomerase (DNA‐Topo) IIα expression in patients with oral carcinoma, we immunohistochemically examined these enzymes and studied their relation to overall 5‐year survival.

Methods.

Surgical specimens were obtained from 160 patients with oral carcinoma, 80 with and 80 without regional lymph node metastasis. The specimens were immunostained for COX‐2 and DNA‐Topo IIα as an index of cell proliferative activity. COX‐2 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological data were analyzed, and 5‐year survival was calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier method.

Results.

COX‐2 expression in primary lesions was higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis. An increase in tumor size was associated with increased COX‐2 expression. In most cases with lymph node metastasis, COX‐2 expression was higher in metastatic lesions than in primary lesions. As COX‐2 expression increased, the DNA‐Topo IIα labeling index significantly increased and the overall 5‐year survival rate decreased.

Conclusion.

Expression of COX‐2 and DNA‐Topo IIα were related to lymph node metastasis, cell proliferative activity, and overall 5‐year survival rate in oral carcinoma. These enzymes may therefore be valuable diagnostic and prognostic indices in oral carcinoma. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Cervical lipoblastoma: Case report, review of literature, and genetic analysis
Authors: Brodsky Jacob R. , Kim Daniel Y. , Jiang Zhong
Published: April 2007

Background.

Lipoblastoma is a rare, benign tumor of infants and children, usually occurring in the extremities and trunk, with only a few cases reported in the neck.

Methods.

We describe the case of an infant with a rapidly enlarging, painless neck mass. MRI revealed a 4‐cm‐diameter mass deep to the paraspinal muscles, in close proximity to the C2 vertebral foramen. Review of literature, diagnostic methods, and genetics of lipomatous tumors are discussed.

Results.

Complete surgical excision via a posterior cervical approach demonstrated irregular lobules of immature fat cells separated by a loose, myxoid connective tissue. Histology and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of lipoblastoma.

Conclusion.

Cervical lipoblastoma is rare, and typically presents as an asymptomatic, painless mass, rarely causing airway obstruction or nerve compression. MRI can be helpful in identifying the lipomatous nature of the mass, but the findings can be inconsistent due to variable maturity of fat cells and the mesenchymal content of the tumor. Chromosomal analysis is useful in differentiating lipoblastoma from liposarcoma. Recommended treatment is complete surgical excision. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
UNEP‐GEMS/Water Programme—water quality data, GEMStat and open web services—and Japanese cooperation
Authors: Barker Sabrina , Robarts Richard , Yamashiki Yosuke , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi , Yoshimura Chihiro , Muguetti Ana Cristina
Published: April 2007

The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it demonstrates how monitoring stations that collect water quality data can be situated globally via satellite data from Google Earth. Important technical issues such as interoperability and Open Web Services are discussed in this context. Second, it illustrates how researchers at local levels can benefit from this global technology. The discussion draws from the online water quality database, GEMStat, which contains water quality data and sediment load calculations from around the world. These types of data, collected locally, can be shown to bear global implications through Internet technology. GEMStat has been expanded to include Open Web Services to enable interoperability with other online databases. Third, it illustrate an international framework of cooperation through GEMS/Water Japan, introducing on‐site monitoring activities as well as management of international river basin (Mekong/La Plata). Considerations for future application framework are presented in conclusion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The behaviour of a surface temperature/vegetation index (TVX) matrix derived from 10‐day composite AVHRR images over monsoon Asia
Authors: Higuchi Atsushi , Hiyama Tetsuya , Fukuta Yuichiro , Suzuki Rikie , Fukushima Yoshihiro
Published: April 2007

Satellite remote sensing of surface‐related variables is essential for understanding regional or global land‐surface processes. This study focuses on a Temperature/Vegetation Index (TVX) matrix that combines surface temperature (Ts) and a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results of our study show the behaviour of the TVX matrix on continental scales. The study domain includes eastern Eurasia and monsoon Asia‐regions with great variability in land‐surface conditions. The data used included a 10‐day composite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) dataset compiled by the US Geological Survey (USGS). The relaxation in the determination algorithm for TVX slope (an upper envelope line in a TVX matrix box) was conducted to obtain both the negative and positive slope. The TVX slope can be derived from previous studies as the monsoon advanced and retreated over the tropics. However, over the Tibetan Plateau, a time series of the TVX slope showed an opposite sign compared to those in previous studies (represented by a positive TVX slope). Scatter plotting of the TVX matrix pixel sets was conducted for the evaluation of a variety of TVX matrix pixels. The TVX slope error sometimes occurred over arid regions because of a few green pixels corresponding to oases or irrigated areas. On the Tibetan Plateau, ‘two’ TVX slopes, both negative and positive, were found in the scatterplot. The reason for the two TVX slopes is the energy consumption in the soil, particularly, the phase change from frozen to liquid water. However, further study will be required to understand the mechanisms on the Plateau. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient runoff from forested watersheds in central Japan during typhoon storms: implications for understanding runoff mechanisms during storm events
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Fukushima Takehiko , Onda Yuichi , Gomi Takashi , Fukuyama Taijiro , Sidle Roy , Kosugi Ken'ichirou , Matsushige Kazuo
Published: April 2007

We investigated the characteristics of nutrients (N and P) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during high, intense typhoon storm and base flow periods from three watersheds (W1, W2 and W3) in central Japan. Concentrations in base flow were low and relatively constant. In contrast, concentrations of N, P, and DOC in runoff during typhoon storms became highly dynamic. Particulate nitrogen (PN) and particulate phosphorus (PP) concentrations in runoff were 4–50 times greater than those in base flow for all storm events. Because PN and PP concentrations were significantly correlated with suspended sediment concentrations, particulate nutrient transport may be associated with overland flow in forested hillslopes. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NO3‐N, DOC and dissolved phosphorus (DP) concentrations in runoff were 1–10 times greater than those in base flow. All nutrients showed a clockwise, discrete hysteresis pattern, which implied that the sources of nutrients were from forested hillslopes. Additionally, the time constant (t1/e) calculated from a decreasing function suggested that particulate nutrients were mainly sourced from surface flow, whereas dissolved nutrients were provided from both surface flow and subsurface flow. The ratios of DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC suggested that higher values occurred in the early period of a storm event and was potentially related to the occurrence of overland flow. Our findings suggested that investigation of the parameters (e.g. DOC:nitrate and UV:DOC) were potentially useful for identifying sources of nutrients and potential applications of hydrological separation. Our results also contribute towards understanding the nutrient dynamics during intense storm events when various hydrological processes such as surface and subsurface runoffs govern the nutrient concentrations in headwater streams. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrological model performance comparison through uncertainty recognition and quantification
Authors: Chiang Shen , Tachikawa Yasuto , Takara Kaoru
Published: April 2007

In this study, a methodology which is capable of identifying the uncertainty of prediction through recognizing and quantifying the different sources of uncertainty in hydrologic models is applied for model comparison. The methodology is developed to recognize and quantify different uncertainty sources through observing hydrologic model behaviour under increasing input uncertainty levels. Based on the methodology, an index, which originates from the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency named Model Structure Indicating Index (MSII) developed by the authors is applied to evaluate the reliability of model structure. A ranking of the adequacy of the hydrologic models to the watershed can be achieved by applying MSII. The hydrologic models Storage Function Method (SFM), TOPMODEL and KW‐GIUH are used for model quantitative comparison in this study. Of these, a parameter‐constrained SFM is used as an example of a poor‐structured model; and two versions of TOPMODEL with different vertical flux calculation processes are used to demonstrate the behaviour of different model components. The results show that, at small input uncertainties, no distinction can be made between the capabilities of the hydrologic models to adapt themselves to error‐contaminated data. As the input uncertainty increased, however, the distinction between the models becomes larger and the accuracy of the model structures could be quantified through MSII. The results prove that the index can be used as a tool for implementing quantitative model comparison/selection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resveratrol prevents fibrosis, NF‐κB activation and TGF‐β increases induced by chronic CCl4 treatment in rats
Authors: Chávez Enrique , Reyes‐Gordillo Karina , Segovia José , Shibayama Mineko , Tsutsumi Victor , Vergara Paula , Moreno Mario G. , Muriel Pablo
Published: April 2007

Resveratrol is a nonflavonoid polyphenol with antioxidant, anticancer and antiinflammatory properties. Moreover, it has been reported that this compound inhibits NF‐κB, which regulates the transcription of several genes including cytokines such as the profibrogenic TGF‐β. The aim of this work was to evaluate the pharmacological effects of resveratrol on CCl4‐induced cirrhosis in the rat. Four groups were formed: the control group that received the vehicles only; the CCl4 group that received the toxin (0.4 g kg−1, i.p., three times a week, for 8 weeks); the CCl4 plus resveratrol (10 mg kg−1, daily) group; and the resveratrol alone group. Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubins were increased by CCl4, but resveratrol afforded some degree of protection. Glycogen was decreased markedly by CCl4 and resveratrol prevented almost completely this effect. No antioxidant effect of resveratrol was observed. One of the most prominent effects was on fibrosis which increased near 5‐fold (hydroxyproline) in the CCl4 group; resveratrol preserved the content of collagen. These results were corroborated by histopathology. To elucidate the antifibrogenic mechanism of resveratrol, the activation of NF‐κB and the production of TGF‐β were measured; in both cases CCl4 increased them and resveratrol abolished them; however, changes in NF‐κB were modest and did not reach statistical significance, while the increase in TGF‐β was about three fold and resveratrol decreased it under control values. Together, the present results indicate that resveratrol possesses a strong antifibrogenic effect at least in the CCl4 model of cirrhosis. Moreover, the action mechanism is probably associated with its ability to reduce NF‐κB activation and TGF‐β content. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
β‐sitosterol decreases irradiation‐induced thymocyte early damage by regulation of the intracellular redox balance and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability
Authors: Li Chun Rong , Zhou Zhe , Lin Ru Xin , Zhu Dan , Sun Yu Ning , Tian Lin Lin , Li Lu , Gao Yue , Wang Sheng Qi
Published: April 2007

Both radiation injury and oxidation toxicity occur when cells are exposed to ion irradiation (IR), ultimately leading to apoptosis. This study was designed to determine the effect of β‐sitosterol (BSS) on early cellular damage in irradiated thymocytes and a possible mechanism of effect on irradiation‐mediated activation of the apoptotic pathways. Thymocytes were irradiated (6 Gy) with or without BSS. Cell apoptosis and apoptosis‐related proteins were evaluated. BSS decreased irradiation‐induced cell death and nuclear DNA strand breaks while attenuating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). BSS decreased the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol and the mitochondrio‐nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF). Furthermore, BSS partially inhibited the radiation‐induced increase of cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP, and attenuated the activation of JNK and AP‐1. In addition, evidence suggests that ROS generated by irradiation are involved in this course of cell damage. The results indicate that BSS confers a radioprotective effect on thymocytes by regulation of the intracellular redox balance which is carried out via the scavenging of ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial membrane stability. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 748–758, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin reduces protein and lipid oxidative damage induced by homocysteine in rat brain homogenates
Authors: Ortega‐Gutiérrez Santiago , Fuentes‐Broto Lorena , García Joaquín J. , López‐Vicente Marta , Martínez‐Ballarín Enrique , Miana‐Mena Francisco Javier , Millán‐Plano Sergio , Reiter Russel J.
Published: April 2007

Numerous data indicate that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for cardio‐ and cerebrovascular diseases. At least in part, homocysteine (HCY) impairs cerebrovascular function because it generates large numbers of free radicals. Since melatonin is a well‐known antioxidant, which reduces oxidative stress and decreases HCY concentrations in plasma, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin in preventing HCY‐induced protein and lipid oxidation in rat brain homogenates. Brain homogenates were obtained from Sprague–Dawley rats and were incubated with or without HCY (0.01–5 mM) or melatonin (0.01–3 mM). Carbonyl content of proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxyalkenals (4‐HDA) concentrations in the brain homogenates were used as an index of protein and lipid oxidation, respectively. Under the experimental conditions used, the addition of HCY (0.01–5 mM) to the homogenates enhanced carbonyl protein and MDA+4‐HDA formation. Melatonin reduced, in a concentration‐dependent manner, protein and lipid oxidation due to HCY in the brain homogenates. These data suggest that preserving proteins from oxidative insults is an additional mechanism by which melatonin may act as an agent in potentially decreasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases related to hyperhomocysteinemia. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 729–735, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of immature dendritic cell apoptosis by foot and mouth disease virus is an integrin receptor mediated event before viral infection
Authors: Jin Huali , Xiao Chong , Zhao Gan , Du Xiaogang , Yu Yang , Kang Youmin , Wang Bin
Published: April 2007

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been demonstrated to infect dendritic cells (DC) and reduced its ability to stimulate host immune responses. This study aimed to determine whether non‐replicating FMDV could induce apoptosis of the host immune cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that bone morrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were induced to undergo apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner, which was determined by the annexin‐V staining, DNA fragmentation, and TUNEL staining methods, after they were treated with the chemically inactivated FMDV in vitro. The initiation of apoptosis was apparently via an interaction of the integrin receptor on BMDCs and the RGD motif within the VP1 capsid protein of FMDV. The initiation activated a cascade of apoptotic pathway including reduced expression of Bcl‐2, activation of caspases, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Pretreatment with BMDCs with LPS prevented the inactivated FMDV induced apoptosis, suggesting immature BMDCs are susceptible to such apoptosis. Taken together, the data demonstrate that the inactivated FMDV induces the apoptosis in BMDCs via the integrin receptor and subsequently triggers the apoptosis signal, suggesting that such induction of apoptosis is likely to impair immune responses against FMDV infection. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 980–991, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diverse effects of Stat1 on the regulation of hsp90α gene under heat shock
Authors: Chen Xue‐song , Zhang Yi , Wang Jin‐shan , Li Xiao‐yan , Cheng Xiao‐kuan , Zhang Ye , Wu Ning‐hua , Shen Yu‐fei
Published: April 2007

Stat1 has been known as a regulator of gene expression and a mediator of IFNγ signaling in mammalian cells, while its effect in a heat shock response remains unclear. We used RNAi knockdown, point mutations, ChIP and promoter activity assays to study the effect of Stat1 on the heat‐shock induction of the hsp90α gene under heat shock conditions. We found that Stat1 regulates the heat shock induction of its target genes, the hsp90α gene in a heat shock response while the constitutive activity of the gene remains unaffected. The result of Stat1 in complex with Stat3 and HSF1 that bound at the GAS to lead a moderate heat shock induction was designated as an “intrinsic” induction of the hsp90α gene. Additionally a reduced or an elevated level of heat shock induction was also controlled by the Stat1 on hsp90α. These diverse effects on the hsp90α gene were a “reduced” induction with over‐expressed Stat1 elicited by transfection of wild‐type Stat1 or IFNγ treatment, bound at the GAS as homodimer; and an “enhanced” heat shock induction with a mutation‐mediated prohibition of Stat1/GAS binding. In conclusion, the status and efficacy of Stat1 bound at the GAS of its target gene are pivotal in determining the impact of Stat1 under heat shock. The results provided the first evidence on the tumor suppressor Stat1 that it could play diverse roles on its target genes under heat shock that also shed lights on patients with fever or under thermotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1059–1066, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of 99mTc‐labelled bovine lactadherin as a novel radioligand for apoptosis detection
Authors: Waehrens Lasse N. , Rasmussen Jan T. , Heegaard Christian W. , Falborg Lise
Published: April 2007

Lactadherin is an opsonin, which binds with high affinity to phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells via its C1C2 domains. Phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is then facilitated by an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD)‐ mediated binding to macrophages surface integrins. The present report describes the synthesis of 99mTc‐HYNIC–lactadherin with a radiochemical yield of 88±5% (n= 3) and a specific activity of 41±5 µCi/µg (n=3) when purified. Purified 99mTc‐HYNIC–lactadherin was shown to be stable for at least 5 h when supplemented with 1.5 mg/ml fatty‐acid‐free BSA. The radiolabelled protein retained its phospholipid binding ability that was verified by its ability to bind to apoptotic HL60 leukaemia cells. The apoptotic cells demonstrated a RGD independent 3‐ to 4‐fold excess binding of the radioactive component relative to control cells. Surplus of unlabelled lactadherin almost completely inhibited the binding of 99mTc‐HYNIC–lactadherin. Collectively our data indicate that 99mTc‐HYNIC–lactadherin is potentially useful as a new molecular binding tool for the identification of apoptotic cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiosynthesis of 2‐[6‐chloro‐2‐(4‐iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl]‐N‐ethyl‐N‐[11C]methyl‐acetamide, [11C]CLINME, a novel radioligand for imaging the peripheral benzodiazepine receptors with PET
Authors: Thominiaux C. , Mattner F. , Greguric I. , Boutin H. , Chauveau F. , Kuhnast B. , Grégoire M.‐C. , Loc′h C. , Valette H. , Bottlaender M. , Hantraye Ph. , Tavitian B. , Katsifis A. , Dollé F.
Published: April 2007

Recently, a new 2‐(iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridineacetamide series has been developed as iodine‐123‐labelled radioligands for imaging the peripheral benzodiazepine receptors using single photon emission tomography. Within this series, 2‐[6‐chloro‐2‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl]‐N‐ethyl‐N‐methyl‐acetamide (CLINME) was considered as an appropriate candidate for positron emission tomography imaging and was isotopically labelled with carbon‐11 (T1/2: 20.38 min) at the methylacetamide side chain from the corresponding nor‐analogue using [11C]methyl iodide and the following experimental conditions: (1) trapping at −10°C of [11C]methyl iodide in a 1/2 (v:v) mixture of DMSO/DMF (300 µl) containing 0.7–1.0 mg of the precursor for labelling and 3–5 mg of powdered potassium hydroxide (excess); (2) heating the reaction mixture at 110°C for 3 min under a nitrogen stream; (3) diluting the residue with 0.6 ml of the HPLC mobile phase; and (4) purification using semi‐preparative HPLC (Zorbax® SB18, Hewlett Packard, 250 × 9.4 mm). Typically, starting from a 1.5 Ci (55.5 GBq) [11C]CO2 production batch, 120−150 mCi (4.44–5.55 GBq) of [11C]CLINME were obtained (16–23% decay‐corrected radiochemical yield, n=12) within a total synthesis time of 24–27 min (Sep‐pak®Plus‐based formulation included). Specific radioactivities ranged from 0.9 to 2.7 Ci/µmol (33.3–99.9 GBq/µmol) at the end of radiosynthesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 1‐[15N]amino‐2‐propanol hydrochloride
Authors: Iida Katsumi , Ohtaka Kuniaki , Kajiwara Masahiro
Published: April 2007

1‐[15N]Amino‐2‐propanol hydrochloride (2) was synthesized in three steps, i.e. Gabriel condensation of potassium [15N]phthalimide (3) with chloroacetone (4), reduction of the product ([15N]phthalimidoacetone (5)) with sodium borohydride, and hydrolysis in 33% total yield from the 15N‐source. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metamorphosis of cinctoblastula larvae (Homoscleromorpha, porifera)
Authors: Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Tokina Daria B. , Bézac Chantal , Boury‐Esnault Nicole
Published: April 2007

The metamorphosis of the cinctoblastula of Homoscleromorpha is studied in five species belonging to three genera. The different steps of metamorphosis are similar in all species. The metamorphosis occurs by the invagination and involution of either the anterior epithelium or the posterior epithelium of the larva. During metamorphosis, morphogenetic polymorphism was observed, which has an individual character and does not depend on either external or species specific factors. In the rhagon, the development of the aquiferous system occurs only by epithelial morphogenesis and subsequent differentiation of cells. Mesohylar cells derive from flagellated cells after ingression. The formation of pinacoderm and choanoderm occurs by the differentiation of the larval flagellated epithelium. This is possibly due to the conservation of cell junctions in the external surface of the larval flagellated cells and of the basement membrane in their internal surface. The main difference in homoscleromorph metamorphosis compared with Demospongiae is the persistence of the flagellated epithelium throughout this process and even in the adult since exo‐ and endopinacoderm remain flagellated. The antero‐posterior axis of the larva corresponds to the baso‐apical axis of the adult in Homoscleromorpha. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of iliac and proximal femoral artery hemodynamics using time‐resolved 3D phase contrast MRI at 3T
Authors: Frydrychowicz Alex , Winterer Jan T. , Zaitsev Maxim , Jung Bernd , Hennig Jürgen , Langer Mathias , Markl Michael
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of time‐resolved 3D MR velocity mapping at 3 Tesla for the visualization of vascular hemodynamics in normal iliac and femoral arteries.

Materials and Methods

Electrocardiographically (ECG) synchronized three‐dimensional (3D) CINE phase‐contrast MRI with three‐directional flow encoding was adapted to analyze flow in peripheral arteries at 3T. Visualization of peripheral arterial hemodynamics within the acquired data volume included 3D streamlines and time‐resolved 3D particle traces within the major vessels and localized analysis of flow profiles using 2D‐vector graphs. Data was visually compared to results from color‐coded duplex ultrasound (US).

Results

Global and detailed local blood flow characteristics were successfully analyzed in all subjects. In agreement with US findings, normal laminar flow patterns without flow acceleration or disturbances were visualized in all healthy individuals. In an exemplary patient measurement multiple segmental flow accelerations could be demonstrated. MRI additionally revealed complex helical flow alterations distal to a moderate stenosis.

Conclusion

Due to the full spatial and temporal coverage of the arteries of interest, 3D CINE phase contrast MRI at 3T is a promising tool for the evaluation of vascular hemodynamics in peripheral arteries. Future methodological improvements will be directed to improve spatial and temporal resolution as well as quantitative data analysis. Moreover, the technique will have to be evaluated in patients in comparison to standard diagnostic tools. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Erratum: The JOB saga continues: chapter three
Authors: Ashkanasy Neal M.
Published: April 2007

Ashkanasy, N. M. The JOB saga continues: chapter three. Journal of Organizational Behavior, Volume, 28, 137–139.

The above editorial (DOI: 10.1002/job.437) was published in print in February 2007. A number of printing errors were subsequently identified throughout the article:

Page 137, line 1: ‘Volume 25’ should read ‘Volume 28’

Page 137, line 4: ‘Issue 28’ should read ‘Volume 28’

Page 137, line 22: ‘for over 30 years now’ should read ‘for over 30 years’

Page 138, line 31: ‘though the JOB’ should read ‘through the JOB’
Causes of variability in the summertime Antarctic boundary‐layer climate
Authors: van As Dirk , van Den Broeke Michel R.
Published: April 2007

A high‐resolution one‐dimensional atmospheric model is used to assess the contribution of various surface characteristics and external forcings on the structure and dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over the Antarctic Plateau in summer. The reference run simulates the boundary layer over a mildly sloping surface (1.5 m km−1) for a clear sky near the end of the Antarctic summer (31 January‐3 February). The ABL depth is approximately 100 m. At night, a low‐level jet forms due to the combined effect of katabatic forcing and an inertial oscillation. During the day a convective mixed layer is present. As expected, the ABL is very sensitive to surface slope; a larger slope forces higher wind speeds and a deeper boundary layer. Over a horizontal surface, a nocturnal jet is also found as a result of the inertial oscillation. A modest change in surface albedo alters the mixed‐layer temperature and the height and strength of the nocturnal jet considerably. Rotating the large‐scale wind relative to the slope direction also has a large impact on ABL depth and structure. The deepest boundary layer and largest wind speed over a northward down‐sloping surface are found for an easterly (cross slope) large‐scale wind, as is typical for Antarctica. A very shallow ABL with low wind speed is found for the opposite large‐scale wind direction. ABL sensitivity to surface roughness was found to be small. For all experiments, the ABL sensitivity is enhanced due to the positive feedback between the cooling of the ABL and katabatic wind speed. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Pulsed electromagnetic fields rapidly modulate intracellular signaling events in osteoblastic cells: Comparison to parathyroid hormone and insulin
Authors: Schnoke Matthew , Midura Ronald J.
Published: April 2007

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices are approved for the healing of bone nonunions, but there is a lack of understanding as to their mechanism of action at the cell and molecular level. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy is currently utilized for treatment of osteoporosis, and is also being investigated for the purpose of augmenting fracture healing. Insulin and IGF‐1 are also thought to play important anabolic roles in osteogenesis. In this report, signaling pathways activated by acute PTH or insulin treatments were compared to those activated by PEMF treatment in osteoblast‐like cells. Some signaling molecules like the extracellular response kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) were activated by insulin and PTH, respectively, but not by PEMF treatment. Other signaling molecules like the insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), the S6 ribosomal subunit kinase, and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were phosphorylated by PTH, insulin, and PEMF to the same relative extent and within the same time frame. IRS‐1, eNOS, and S6 have been implicated in bone anabolism, and our results suggest that the anabolic effects of PEMF may be mediated, in part, through the activation of these proteins. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:933–940, 2007
Suppression of plasma contribution in femtosecond degenerate four‐wave mixing (fs‐DFWM) at high intensity
Authors: Rouzée A. , Renard V. , Guérin S. , Faucher O. , Lavorel B.
Published: April 2007

Femtosecond degenerate four‐wave mixing (fs‐DFWM) experiments in CO2 exhibit a strong background due to plasma produced at high intensity (≥20 TW/cm2), when significant molecular alignment is likely to arise. This perturbing phenomenon renders the measurements of alignment very difficult. It is shown that the plasma contribution can be avoided by employing perpendicular polarizations for the two pump pulses. The effect is explained on the basis of the different diffraction angles between signals produced by molecular alignment and plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.