bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge management of foreign subsidiaries of international oil and gas contracting companies
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Abdul‐Rashid , Zoo Lee Kim
Published: April 2007

Purpose

To present the findings of a study which examined the application of knowledge management of subsidiaries of foreign oil and gas contracting companies in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The subsidiaries were examined on how engineering and project management knowledge was created, captured, stored, shared and protected. These processes were traced by looking at the organisational facets of culture and structure, human resource management, information and communication technology and parental control. Five companies formed the sample population. The multi‐case study approach was adopted to take into account the likely variability of the sample population. Data were collected and triangulated using postal questionnaires, face‐to‐face interviews and secondary sources.

Findings

Four subsidiaries were found to manage knowledge, albeit in varying ways. The fifth subsidiary was subjected to strong control by the parent to the extent that it had minimal knowledge base which thus obviated the need for knowledge management.

Research limitations/implications

The one respondent‐per‐subsidiary approach may have led to possible response bias, although triangulation of data served to minimise the effect.

Practical implications

The subsidiaries of oil and gas contracting companies in Malaysia which have yet to manage their knowledge asset holistically should take note of their rivals which have been re‐defining competitiveness in this manner and should, therefore, react similarly.

Originality/value

This study highlights the strong influence the parent companies of oil and gas contracting companies have over the degree to which knowledge is dispersed to their subsidiaries and the manner in which the latter are permitted to manage their knowledge asset.
Emotional abuse and neglect: a time for reappraisal
Authors: Stevenson Olive
Published: April 2007

This paper explores, from a UK perspective, issues surrounding policy and practice in cases of neglect, which inevitably involves emotional abuse. It does not address cases of emotional abuse in which neglect does not occur. The paper argues that there is a sufficient body of knowledge on the necessary conditions for healthy child development and factors associated with psychological/ emotional disorders in childhood for social workers to be more proactive in work with such cases. There is, however, a need for this evidence to be assembled and organized in ways which will be useful to social workers. Nonetheless, intervention in such cases is unlikely to become more effective unless some of the reasons for the‘neglect of neglecf are better understood and addressed. In the second part of the paper, a range of factors influencing such work is considered, related to the professional, organizational and legal context within which social workers in the UK operate.

The paper draws on an ESRC funded project, which ended in 1995, of social workers’ judgements in cases of child sexual abuse and neglect
Parental competence and parents with learning difficulties
Authors: Booth Tim , Booth Wendy
Published: April 2007

Parental adequacy is widely seen as a function of individual parenting skills. This assumption renders parents with learning difficulties vulnerable to discriminatory treatment in child protection work. A presumption of incompetence leads practitioners to focus on the parents’ deficits and intensifies concerns about the welfare of the children. Using case material from a recent study, the authors argue for a wider conception of good‐enough parenting that takes into account the external pressures that impact on family functioning.
Research Review
Authors: Boushel Margaret
Published: April 2007

Championing Children: A Report on Manchester City Council's Services For Children. John Rea Price Gillian Pugh
Recent developments in ‘children's rights’: liberation for whom?
Authors: Lorraine M. , Harding Fox
Published: April 2007

This article reviews some developments in‘children's rights’ in the 1980s and 1990s. It explores the notion of‘children's rights’ itself and considers how far an emphasis on children's rights is reflected in different areas of recent government policy relating to children in four different respects. First, the significance of the Children Act 1989 for children's rights is examined. Secondly, there are a number of other areas of policy which may be seen to reinforce childrens's rights. These include changes in the treatment of child witnesses and the gradual prohibition of physical punishment. Thirdly, the Child Support Act 1991 is considered ‐ here, in contrast to other policies, children's rights barely figure at all. Fourthly, the article notes how government policies have tended to exacerbate child poverty, which is also in conflict with children's rights. The article then discusses the ambiguous direction of government policy in relation to children's rights. Two different themes are identified: first, greater autonomy for the child plus protection of child welfare; and secondly, liberation for the state from responsibility for children.
Does the addition of sublingual gland excision to submandibular duct relocation give better overall results in drooling control?
Authors: Glynn F. , O′Dwyer T.P.
Published: April 2007

Summary:  Submandibular duct relocation plus or minus excision of the sublingual glands are relatively simple procedures with low morbidity. Between 1981 and 2005, 71 submandibular duct relocation and 29 submandibular duct relocation plus excision of the sublingual glands procedures were conducted.

Objectives:  To compare both procedures including operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, drooling scores and parental satisfaction.

Study design:  Prospective study.

Setting:  Paediatric tertiary referral centre.

Participants:  Patients referred with excessive drooling after failure of conservative methods. Exclusion criteria: patients with recurrent aspiration pneumonias or dental caries. Two patients were lost to follow up and excluded from the study.

Results:  Operative time and length of hospital stay were increased in the submandibular duct relocation plus sublingual gland excision group. Drooling scores and parental satisfaction results were excellent, 93% of parents in the submandibular duct relocation group and 89% of parents in the duct relocation plus sublingual glands excision were satisfied and would recommend the procedure. There was no statistical difference (P = 0.643) in drooling scores between the two procedures. Postoperative morbidity was higher with the addition of sublingual gland excision, with postoperative haemorrhage occurring in 13.7% and 36% of parents expressing concern over postoperative pain, compared with 3% postoperative haemorrhage rate with submandibular duct relocation and only 12% of parents expressing the same concerns.

Conclusion:  We conclude that both procedures are effective in drooling control, but the addition of sublingual gland excision increases morbidity and we are no longer excising these glands with submandibular duct relocation.
Substitution of top predators: effects of pike invasion in a subarctic lake
Authors: BYSTRÖM PÄR , KARLSSON JAN , NILSSON PER , VAN KOOTEN TOBIAS , ASK JENNY , OLOFSSON FRANS
Published: March 2007

1. Invasions of top predators may have strong cascading effects in ecosystems affecting both prey species abundance and lower trophic levels. A recently discussed factor that may enhance species invasion is climate change and in this context, we studied the effects of an invasion of northern pike into a subarctic lake ecosystem formerly inhabited by the native top predator Arctic char and its prey fish, ninespined stickleback.

2. Our study demonstrated a strong change in fish community composition from a system with Arctic char as top predator and high densities of sticklebacks to a system with northern pike as top predator and very low densities of sticklebacks. A combination of both predation and competition from pike is the likely cause of the extinction of char.

3. The change in top predator species also cascaded down to primary consumers as both zooplankton and predator‐sensitive macroinvertebrates increased in abundance.

4. Although the pike invasion coincided with increasing summer temperatures in the study area we have no conclusive evidence that the temperature increase is the causal mechanism behind the pike invasion. But still, our study provides possible effects of future pike invasions in mountain lakes related to climate change. We suggest that future pike invasions will have strong effects in lake ecosystems, both by replacing native top consumers and through cascading effects on lower trophic levels.
Bacteria–algae association in batch cultures of phytoplankton from a tropical reservoir: the significance of algal carbohydrates
Authors: GIROLDO DANILO , ORTOLANO PEDRO I. C. , VIEIRA ARMANDO A. H.
Published: April 2007

Summary 1. The dissolved organic matter, especially carbohydrates, released by phytoplanktonic organisms may be ecologically important, through its influence on carbon cycling and microbial diversity. Here axenic cultures of three phytoplanktonic species, Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa (Cryptophyceae), Staurastrum orbiculare (Zygnematophyceae) and Thalassiosira duostra (Bacillariophyceae), were inoculated with a microbial community from the same habitat in which the algae had been isolated (a tropical reservoir). Replicate cultures were not inoculated.

2. In both axenic and co‐inoculated cultures, phytoplanktonic density and extracellular carbohydrate production were monitored microscopically and by high performance liquid chromatography with a pulse amperometric detector, respectively. Bacterial population density was also monitored by epifluorescence microscope in the microbial co‐inoculated cultures.

3. Both bacterial and phytoplanktonic densities increased for 11 days in all cases. The use of extracellular carbohydrates by bacteria was also showed for all phytoplanktonic species. Of the three species of phytoplankton, only T. duostra had a faster population growth in the presence of bacteria, and reached a higher biomass than in axenic culture.
Cytotoxicity analysis of EDTA and citric acid applied on murine resident macrophages culture
Authors: Amaral K. F. , Rogero M. M. , Fock R. A. , Borelli P. , Gavini G.
Published: April 2007

Aim  To assess the ex vivo cytotoxicity of EDTA and citric acid solutions on macrophages.

Methodology  The cytotoxicity of 17% EDTA and 15% citric acid was evaluated on murine macrophage cultures using MTT‐Tetrazolium method [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]. A total of 5 × 105 cells were plated in medium culture with 17% EDTA or 15% citric acid. Fresh medium was used as a control. Toxicity values were analysed statistically by anova and Tukey's test (P < 0.05) at short (0, 6, 12, 24 h) and medium periods (1, 3, 5, 7 days), using ELISA absorbance.

Results  On the short term, both EDTA (0.253 nm) and citric acid (0.260 nm) exhibited cytotoxic effects on macrophage cultures (P < 0.05). On the medium term, statistical differences were observed (P < 0.05) between the groups. EDTA (0.158 nm) and citric acid (0.219 nm) were cytotoxic when compared with the control group; EDTA‐reduced macrophage viability significantly more than citric acid (P < 0.05).

Conclusions  Both EDTA and citric acid had effects on macrophages cells ex vivo, but citric acid was less toxic in periods from 1 to 7 days of use.
An examination of the intentional and unintentional aspects of medication non‐adherence in patients diagnosed with hypertension
Authors: Lehane Elaine , McCarthy Geraldine
Published: March 2007

Aims.  The primary aim of this study was to describe the unintentional and intentional aspects of non‐adherence in patients diagnosed with hypertension. A secondary aim was to examine the relationships between medication adherence and purposeful actions (intentional non‐adherence), patterned behaviours (unintentional non‐adherence) and demographic questionnaire variables.

Background.  Non‐adherence to medications continues to be a significant health‐care issue, the extent and consequences of which have been well documented. Despite considerable research over the past five decades, little progress has been made in solving this healthcare problem. Recent literature indicates that this lack of progress can be attributed to the fact that past research has concentrated solely upon either the unintentional or the intentional aspects of non‐adherence, instead of addressing both facets simultaneously.

Methods.  A quantitative, descriptive, correlation research design was employed using Johnson's (2002) Medication Adherence Model as a theoretical framework. A convenience sample of 73 participants with hypertension, attending the outpatients’ clinics of two university hospitals was recruited. Data were collected by means of a researcher administered questionnaire and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences.

Results.  High levels of medication adherence with a mean adherence score of 4·75 (maximum 5) were reported. Low and medium levels of purposeful actions and medium and high levels of patterned behaviours towards medication taking were found. Correlational analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant associations.

Conclusions.  Both the intentional and unintentional dimensions of medication‐taking are simultaneously considered by patients to varying levels when adhering to therapeutic regimens. This is an important research area for nurses as it facilitates an increased understanding of non‐adherence and, in so doing, aids the uncovering of more effective interventions aimed at sustaining lifelong pharmacotherapy.

Relevance to clinical practice.  By acknowledging a broader approach to patient medication‐taking, nurses will be able more effectively to assess and intervene in non‐adherent behaviours and actions.
Assessment of 24‐h oesophageal pH monitoring should be divided to awake and asleep rather than upright and supine time periods*
Authors: Dickman R. , Shapiro M. , Malagon I. B. , Powers J. , Fass R.
Published: April 2007

Abstract  Oesophageal acid exposure analysis is divided to upright and supine, based on the assumption that the supine–awake period is similar to the supine–asleep period. To determine if the principal acid‐reflux characteristics of supine–awake are closer to supine–asleep or upright period. Patients with heartburn underwent an upper endoscopy and pH testing. The patients were instructed to carefully document their upright, supine–awake and supine–asleep periods. A total of 64 patients were enrolled into this study (M/F 35/29; mean age 52.4 ± 13.3). The mean percentage total time pH <4, frequency of acid‐reflux events (per h) and number of sensed reflux events was not different between upright and the supine–awake period (P = ns). In contrast, the mean percentage total time pH <4, frequency of acid‐reflux events and number of sensed reflux events was significantly higher in both upright and supine–awake periods vs supine–asleep (4.3 ± 6.9, 1.86 ± 2.7 and 0.01 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001, respectively). The principal characteristics of the acid‐reflux events in the supine–awake period are closer to the upright period than to the supine–asleep period.
Do female black field crickets Teleogryllus commodus benefit from polyandry?
Authors: JENNIONS M. D. , DRAYTON J. M. , BROOKS R. , HUNT J.
Published: April 2007

Female insects that mate multiply tend to have increased lifetime fitness, apparently because of greater access to male‐derived resources (e.g. sperm, nuptial gifts) that elevate fertility/fecundity. Experiments that standardize the number of matings per female also show that polyandry can improve aspects of offspring performance, most notably early embryo survival (egg hatching success). This improvement is widely attributed to genetic benefits which would arise if polyandrous females skew paternity to produce fitter offspring. In two separate experiments with field crickets (Teleogryllus commodus) polyandrous females (two, three or four mates) did not have higher egg hatching success than monandrous females (effect sizes: r = 0.03 and 0.08 for the respective experiments), which is consistent with our finding of no sire effect on hatching success. Polyandry also had no effect on post‐hatching offspring survival. Polyandrous females’ offspring took significantly longer to mature but their sons were not heavier and their daughters were actually significantly smaller than those of monandrous females. Finally, after controlling for relative male size, monandrous females’ sons were more successful when directly competing for a mate.
Combined linkage maps and QTLs in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) from different populations
Authors: Weber W. E. , Borchardt D. C. , Koch G.
Published: April 2007

The construction of genetic maps is an expensive and time‐consuming process. The breeder is therefore interested in using maps developed from other mapping populations but this is only possible if the genetic structure is similar for the chromosomal regions of interest. In this paper, maps of three populations of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with common polymorphic marker loci are compared. Maps were constructed with MAPMAKER 3.0 and JOINMAP 2.0. Both mapping programs gave, in general, the same order for common markers. However, the number of common markers was too low to construct a combined map for all chromosomes. For one population, in contrast to the other two, the map constructed with MAPMAKER 3.0 was much longer than that constructed with JOINMAP 2.0.

For two of these populations yield traits were also available from different environments. For quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the yield data, the packages MAPMAKER/QTL 1.1 and PLABQTL were used. No QTL common for the two populations could be detected. The program and the version used strongly influenced the estimated positions of QTLs. There was also a strong interaction with environments.
THE SUBGENUS OCHLEROTATUS IN THE AUSTRALIAN REGION (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) V. THE STRICKLANDI SECTION
Authors: Marks Elizabeth N.
Published: April 2007

The Stricklandi Section includes 3 species, Aedes spilotus sp. n. from south‐eastern Australia, Aedes turneri sp. n. from south‐western Australia, and Aedes stricklandi (Edwards) from both. Both sexes of these are described and male terminalia figured; the male of A. turneri was described by Marks (1949) as A. stricklandi. Larva and pupa of A. stricklandi and A. spilotus are described and figured, also an allied unidentified larva from Western Australia. Aedes cacozelus sp. n. is described from females from Western Australia; it resembles the foregoing species in some characters but cannot with certainty be placed in the Stricklandi Section.
AN AUSTRALIAN MAYFLY OF THE FAMILY EPHEMERELLIDAE (EPHEMEROPTERA)
Authors: Riek E. F.
Published: April 2007

The nymph and adult female of Austremerella picta gen. & sp. n. are described.
THE SYSTEMATIC STATUS OF THE FAMILY THALAMARCHELLIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: COMMON I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

The four generaThalamarchellaFletcher,PhiletesTurner,BlacophanesTurner andPsiloscelesTurner, for which Turner erected the family Thalamarchidae, later changed to Thalamarchellidae, have been examined with special reference to the genitalia. The first three genera are here referred to the Oecophoridae. The last has proved to be a synonym ofPhthonerodesMeyrick and belongs to the Xyloryctidae.Thalamarchella robinsoni, T. aneureta, Philetes acosmetaandPhthonerodes peridelaare described as new. The wing venation and genitalia are figured.
NEW CAVERNICOLOUS CARABIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM MAINLAND AUSTRALIA
Authors: MOORE B. P.
Published: April 2007

The following new cavernicolous Carabidae are described: Speotarus gen. n., with the species lucifugus (type) and princeps spp. n., Notospeophonus jasperensis and pallidus spp. n., and N. jasperensis vicinus and castaneus consobrinus sspp. n. The species of Speotarus provide the first recorded occurrence of the subfamily Lebiinae in caves and are thus of exceptional interest. All the new forms appear to be recently evolved cavernicoles.
THE ARCHIPSOCIDAE (PSOCOPTERA) OF AUSTRALIA
Authors: SMITHERS C. N.
Published: April 2007

This paper describes two new species of Archipsocus Hagen, the first of the family Archipsocidae to be recorded from Australia.
THE SPECIES OF STRIGIPHILUS (MALLOPHAGA: PHILOPTERIDAE) PARASITIC ON THE BARN OWLS, TYTO (TYTONIDAE)
Authors: Clay Theresa
Published: April 2007

Strigiphilus rostratus (Burmeister) is redscribed and a new species parasitic on Tyto alba (Scopoli) in Trinidad is described. The known distribution of these two species is given, and there is a discussion on the possible significance of this as evidence on the dispersal and relationships of Tyto species and their subspecies. It is emphasised that more material is required from Tyto throughout its range and especially from the Oriental and Australasian Regions.
A NEW SPECIES OF ON COPERA (LEPIDOPTERA: HEPIALIDAE) FROM NEW SOUTH WALES, WITH TAXONOMIC NOTES ON THE GENUS
Authors: Common I. F. B.
Published: April 2007

Oncopera tindalei sp. n. (Hepialidae) is described from Guyra, New South Wales, where the larvae damage pastures. Characters of the adult used to distinguish it and other species of Oncopera are discussed and figured, including the genitalia of both sexes.
NOTES ON THE PUPAL BEHAVIOUR AND COLLECTION OF LARVAE AND PUPAE OF SOME AUSTRALIAN CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: Dyce A. L. , Murray M. D.
Published: April 2007

Three distinct patterns of behaviour of pupae of aquatic Culicoides species are described. Pupae of some species float to the surface in water and are unable to submerge, whereas those of other species repeatedly rise to the surface and then sink. In another species the pupae do not float but actively burrow back into the substratum when dislodged. A short discussion of methods for the recovery and rearing of these immature stages is included.
A NEW SPECIES OF DACINAE (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) FROM QUEENSLAND
Authors: May A. W. S.
Published: April 2007

A new species, Strumeta rufescens, is described.
PARASITISM OF SIREX NOCTILIO F. BY SCHLETTERERIUS CINCTIPES (CRESSON) (HYMENOPTERA: STEPHANIDAE)
Authors: Taylor K. L.
Published: April 2007

Schlettererius cinctipes (Cresson), reputed to be a parasite of Coleoptera, has been successfully reared in Tasmania on Sirex noctilio F. in Pinus radiata D. Don., from a single female received from California in 1963. The adults emerge in late September and early October. Females begin to oviposit 12–24 days after emergence and the egg, which is deposited on the surface of the host larva, hatches in approximately 14 days. The larva completely destroys the host larva in 6–7 weeks after oviposition. Parasitized Sirex larvae were found at depths of up to 3.4 cm from the bark surface.

No evidence has been found that S. cinctipes attacks Sirex larvae parasitized by Ibalia leucospoides (Hochenw.), or fully‐fed larvae of Rhyssa persuasoria (L.), and its potential value as a member of the parasite complex is discussed.
TWO NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF ERYCIINE TACHINIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM AUSTRALIA
Authors: Crosskey R. W.
Published: April 2007

Two new genera and species of Tachinidae from New South Wales, Victoria and the Capital Territory are described and assigned to the tribe Eryciini. The characters of the Eryciini and the occurrence of the group in Australia are briefly discussed.
A BLIND COCKROACH FROM CAVES IN THE NULLARBOR PLAIN (BLATTODEA: BLATTELLIDAE)
Authors: Mackerras M. Josephine
Published: April 2007

Trogloblattella nullarborensis, gen. et sp. n., from limestone caves in the Nullarbor Plain in South Australia and Western Australia, is the first blind troglobite cockroach to be recorded from Australia.
STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF RHYSSA PERSUASORIA (L.) (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) INCORPORATING AN X‐RAY TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hocking Helen
Published: April 2007

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Development of the immature stages of Rhyssa persuasoria (L.) on the larvae, prepupae and pupae of Sirex noctilio F. was followed in situ in Pinus radiata D. Don. by an X‐ray technique.

R. persuasoria females were allowed to oviposit in wood in which the location of immature stages of S. noctilio had been determined radiographically. By this means it was found that they could not locate their hosts with certainty. When a host was located the female parasite paralysed it by stinging and laid an egg upon it. The host was consumed within five weeks and the parasite passed through four larval instars before pupation.
IMMATURE STAGES OF AUSTRALIAN ANTHOPHORINAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA)
Authors: Cardale Josephine
Published: April 2007

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Immature stages of two species in each of the two tribes, Anthophorini and Melectini, of Anthophorinae found in Australia were studied for the first time. The larvae and pupa of Amegilla (Amegilla) pulchra (Smith), the mature larva and pupa of Amegilla (Asarapoda) sp., the mature larva of Thyreus lugubris (Smith) and the pupa of Thyreus caeruleopunctatus (Blanchard) are described and the larvae are figured, and information is given on their behaviour and development.
A SUPPLEMENT TO THE REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN PRISTOMYRMEX SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Taylor R. W.
Published: April 2007

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Two new Pristomyrmex species are described from Mt. Lewis, N. Queensland, and Acacia Plateau, N.S.W. New distributional and biological data on several older species are presented.
THE CAVERNICOLOUS STATUS OF SOME SPECIES OF MACROPATHINAE (ORTHOPTERA: RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE)
Authors: Richards Aola M.
Published: April 2007

The cavernicolous status of some species of Macropathinae is discussed. All species studied so far are classified as troglophiles. No trogloxenic Macropathinae are known.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF BRACHYHESMA (APOIDEA: COLLETIDAE)
Authors: Exley E. M.
Published: April 2007

Three new species of Brachyhesma Michener are described: B. (Microhesma) trichopterota, B. (Brachyhesma) houstoni and B. (Henicohesma) deserticola. A key to the males of species in the genus is presented.
POLYPHAGIDAE (BLATTODEA) FROM EASTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: MACKERRAS M. JOSEPHINE
Published: April 2007

Polyphagidae were known in Australia from two western species. Two new genera are now described from eastern Australia, Austropolyphaga, gen. n., with two species, A. perkinsi, sp. n. (type species) and A. queenslandensis. sp. n., and Polyphagoides, gen. n., with one species, P. cantrelli. sp. n. Notes are also given on three unnamed species.
SOME AUSTRALIAN PARTHENOGENETIC CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA)
Authors: Edward Donald H. D. , Colless Donald H.
Published: April 2007

Parthenogenesis has hitherto been reported in only a single species of Australian chironomid: Lundstroemia parthenogenetica Freeman. It is here described in two further species: Limnophyes vestitus (Skuse) and another that cannot so far be distinguished from the Palaearctic Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz, the latter being a new record for this country. Notes on biology and adult, pupal and larval morphology are given for both species. Also, L. parthenogenetica is recorded for the first time from eastern Australia.
THE RECOGNITION OF NULLIPAROUS AND PAROUS CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) WITHOUT DISSECTION
Authors: Dyce A. L.
Published: April 2007

A burgundy‐red pigment acquired by the tissue lining the abdominal wall during development of the ovarian follicles is invariably present in gravid Culicoides. The pigment persists after oviposition and can be detected in unengorged females with undeveloped ovaries with the aid of a dissecting microscope. The presence or absence of the pigment provides a method for recognition of individual nulliparous and parous empty Culicoides without dissection. It may be applied to living as well as refrigerated or deep frozen material and specimens stored in alcohol or cleared in creosote and mounted in baisam. Using this method conspecific series have been sorted according to sex, the females graded as blood‐engorged, gravid, nulliparous empty or parous empty and the numbers counted, at the rate of more than 1000 flies/hr.
MORPHOLOGY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF STRUMETA TRYONI (FROGGATT) (DIPTERA: TRYPETIDAE) WITH A METHOD OF DISTINGUISHING SEXUALLY MATURE ADULT MALES
Authors: Drew R. A. I.
Published: April 2007

Morphology of adult female and male reproductive systems of Strumeta tryoni (Froggatt) is described and figured.

Growth changes in adult male reproductive endoskeleton are described under differing conditions of temperature and light intensity. For the environmental conditions studied, physiological age was correlated with size of the male reproductive endoskeleton and a method for distinguishing teneral from sexually mature adults is given.
RESISTANCE TO INSECTICIDES OF THREE STRAINS OF MUSCA DOMESTICA L. FROM BRISBANE, QUEENSLAND
Authors: Millar Louise A. , Hooper G. H. S.
Published: April 2007

Three strains of Musca domestica L., established from field collected adults, were found to have high levels of resistance to DDT and dieldrin, lower levels of resistance to malathion and lindane and to be susceptible to diazinon.
REVISION OF THREE AUSTRALIAN GENERA OF PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE (THYSANOPTERA) WITH SEVEN NEW SPECIES, AND ONE NEW GENERIC SYNONYM
Authors: Mound L. A.
Published: April 2007

Three uniquely Australian genera, each based on a single species, are redefined, with three new species of Emprosthiothrips, three new species of Dactylothrips and one new species of Dunatothrips. Hannibalia is placed as a synonym of Dactylothrips.
THE ENGORGEMENT OF IXODES HOLOCYCLUS NEUMANN (ACARINA: IXODOIDEA) ON MICE
Authors: Murray M. D. , Koch J. H.
Published: April 2007

A single Ixodes holocyclus female was allowed to attach to the head of a mouse and feed. When the mouse died of respiratory paralysis the portion of the skin with the tick attached was removed. The skin was dissected from the hypostome of the tick, and the hypostome inserted into an incision in the skin of the head of another mouse whereupon the tick continued to engorge and killed the mouse. This procedure was repeated on the death of each of five mice. The time required to kill each mouse declined progressively from 72–92 hr to 12–18 hr indicating an increased secretion of toxin as engorgement proceeded. Thus it was possible to produce mice in advanced stages of tick paralysis at predetermined times, and thereby facilitate biochemical studies on the mode of action of the toxin produced by the tick.
CYTOGENETICS OF SPECIATION
Authors: White M. J. D.
Published: April 2007

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The essence of speciation lies in the origin of genetic isolating mechanisms. Argument has raged as to whether the primary isolating mechanisms which initiate specific divergence operate at the pre‐mating or post‐mating level and whether complete geographic isolation necessarily precedes divergence. Speciation is essentially a cytogenetic process and the role of chromosomal rearrangements as primary isolating factors has probably been underestimated in the past. But speciation depends on many factors such as population size, vagility and type of life cycle, so it is unlikely that any universal model is applicable.
A REVIEW OF HOMOLOTROPUS MACLEAY (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: MELOLONTHINAE)
Authors: Britton E. B.
Published: April 2007

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The genus Homolotropus is revised and four new species are described. A key to the species is given.
NOTES ON SOME AUSTRALIAN AND MELANESIAN BASICEROTINE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
Authors: Taylor Robert W.
Published: April 2007

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This paper supplements an earlier one (Taylor, R. W., 1968, Aust. J. Zool., 16: 333–348). Eurhopalothrix cinnamea sp. n. is described from Manus Island, Bismarck Archipelago, and new data on some previously described basicerotine species are presented.
A DISEASE OF CITRUS RED MITE PANONYCHUS CITRI (McGREGOR) (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Snowball G. J.
Published: April 2007

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A disease attacked citrus red mite (Panonychus citri (McGregor)) in laboratory cultures in Sydney. It appeared to be different from a disease reported in this species from the U. S. A.
A NEW SPECIES OF FOLSOMIDES STACH (COLLEMBOLA: ISOTOMIDAE) FROM AUSTRALIA, WITH A NOTE ON FOLSOMIDES SEXOPHTHALMA (WOMERSLEY)
Authors: Wood T. G.
Published: April 2007

Folsomides deserticola, a new species of Collembola belonging to the family Isotomidae, is described. It is widely distributed throughout the arid and semi‐arid regions of southern Australia.
A NOTE ON THE VALIDITY OF THE NAME APHODIUS TASMANIAE HOPE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: APHODIINAE)
Authors: Britton E. B.
Published: April 2007

Aphodius tasmaniae Hope is confirmed as the name of the common “black‐headed pasture cockchafer”.
THE RELATION BETWEEN ENGORGEMENT AND DROPPING OF BOOPHILUS MICROPLUS (CANESTRINI) (IXODIDAE) TO THE ASSESSMENT OF TICK NUMBERS ON CATTLE
Authors: Wharton R. H. , Utech* K. B. W.
Published: April 2007

A pattern of engorgement and dropping of the female cattle tick Boophilus microplus is described. Partly engorged females, which have grown to a length of 4–6 mm (10–30 mg), undergo rapid final engorgement at night to reach a length of 8–11 mm (150–250 mg) and detach from cattle in the early hours of the morning. The minimum size of females which engorge varies with season. Differences in the engorgement and dropping pattern of ticks on cattle observed in summer and in winter, and on cattle held in open yards and in covered stalls, suggest an influence of the external environment, particularly temperature and light, on tick engorgement and detachment. Counting of ticks 4.5–8 mm in length on one day was shown to provide a reliable estimate of the numbers of engorged ticks dropping the following day and has been adopted for the assessment of tick numbers on cattle.
THE BIOLOGY OF HEMITHYNNUS HYALINATUS (HYMENOPTERA: TIPHIIDAE), A PARASITE OF SCARABAEID LARVAE†
Authors: Smith T. J. Ridsdill
Published: April 2007

The biology of Hemithynnus hyalinatus Westwood is described. The wasps usually have a one‐year life cycle in contrast to the two‐year life cycle of their hosts. Adults of the wasps H. hyalinatus and Guerinus shuckardi Guérin emerge from their cocoons at different times and in the field can attack different generations of the same host species. Better control of one scarabaeid species might therefore be achieved by the use of several species of Thynninae. Female H. hyalinatus oviposit once every three days, but need to mate frequently for continued oviposition, because they obtain food regurgitated by the male wasps while mating.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE CREPUSCULAR FLIGHT OF PSEUDOSCHIZOGNATHUS SCHOENFELDTI OHAUS (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: RUTELINAE)
Authors: Vestjens W. J. M.
Published: April 2007

Times of emergence and observations on the behaviour of Pseudoschizognathus schoenfeldti Ohaus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) are given together with some notes on predation.
NOTES ON THE GENUS PYGIOPSYLLA ROTHSCHILD, GROUP B, IN AUSTRALIA WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES (SIPHONAPTERA: PYGIOPSYLLIDAE)
Authors: Holland* G. P.
Published: April 2007

Three new species of group B of the genus Pygiopsylla Rothschild (1906) from Australia are described and illustrated. These are P. arcuata sp. n. from Tasmania, P. sinuata sp. n. from North Queensland and P. iridis sp. n. from S. E. Queensland. The preferred hosts of all appear to be various endemic species of rodents. Descriptive notes and illustrations are also provided for the three other Australian species belonging to Group B: Pygiopsylla colossus Rothschild of which the male is described, P. gravis Rothschild and P. rainbowi Rothschild.
HYPOCHRYSOPS DIGGLESII(HEWITSON) COMB.N., ANDH. RUFIMARGO(ROTHSCHILD) COMB. N. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)
Authors: Sands* D. P.
Published: April 2007

Pseudodipsas digglesiiHewitson andP. rufimargo(Rothschild) are transferred to the genusHypochrysops.
A NEW SYNSPHRONUS CHAMBERLIN (PSEUDOSCORPIONES) FROM THE GREAT VICTORIA DESERT
Authors: Beier* M.
Published: April 2007

Synsphyronus (Maorigarypus) gigas from the Great Victoria Desert, north of the Nullarbor Plain, is described as a new species.
A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF APHIDIIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) PARASITIZING SENSORIAPHIS (HEMIPTERA) ON NOTHOFAGUS IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Starý* Petr , Carver Mary
Published: April 2007

i

A description is given of Parephedrus relictus, a new genus and species of Aphidiidae (Hymenoptera) which parasitizes Sensoriaphis sp. n. on Nothofagus moorei in New South Wales. Its affinities and associations are discussed.
BIOLOGY AND REARING OF THE SCARABAEID, SERICESTHIS GEMINATA (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Wensler* Rita J.
Published: April 2007

Last‐instar larvae of Sericesthis geminata (Boisduval) remain active in the field during the winter but development is depressed to a very low level by winter field temperatures. Therefore insects which overwinter in the field in the last‐instar, proceed to the pupal and adult stages at any time in the autumn and winter when kept at warm temperatures. At 21 ± 3°C (70 ± 5°F) the life cycle is completed in about 22 weeks. Caged adult S. geminata feed on young leaves of a number of eucalypt species. Viable eggs are produced by unfed beetles. Feeding on Eucalyptus blakelyi doubles the number of eggs produced.
FURTHER STUDIES ON AUSTRALIAN AEOLOTHRIPIDAE (THYSANOPTERA)
Authors: Mound L. A.
Published: April 2007

Twenty‐four species of Aeolothripidae are recorded from Australia in nine genera. Two new species of Dorythrips Hood are described from Western Australia, although this genus was previously known from a single species in Chile. Five new species of Cranothrips Bagnall are described including two species which are exceptional in the Melanthripini because they lack any elongate major setae. The Palearctic species Rhipidothrips cahirensis Priesner is newly recorded from Australia. Keys are provided to genera and species, and the available information on the biology and distribution of Aeolothripidae is discussed. The new species are Dorythrips jenkinsi, D. wallacei, Cranothrips kartus, C. ravidus, C. sititor, C. symoni, and C. vesper. Andrewarthaia minor Mound and Rhipidothrips aureus Moulton are synonymized with Andrewarthaia kellyana (Bagnall), Lamprothrips maculosus Moulton is synonymized with L. miltoni (Girault), and Arcuthrips Mound with Gelothrips Bhatti.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME BEES OF THE FAMILY MEGACHILIDAE IN SOUTHEAST QUEENSLAND AND THEIR POTENTIAL AS LUCERNE POLLINATORS
Authors: Bray* R. A.
Published: April 2007

Some details on size, occurrence, habits and nesting behaviour of six species are recorded. Although not suitable for intensive field pollination, most of these have some potential for lucerne seed production in cages. Chalicodoma mystaceana has been used for this purpose for two years. The rapid multiplication of parasites has prevented the build up of large bee populations. Some aspects of parasite control are discussed.
ON THE SWARMING OF AUSTROSIMULIUM PESTILENS MACKERRAS AND MACKERRAS (DIPTERA:SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: Moorhouse D. E. , Colbo M. H.
Published: April 2007

Austrosimulium pestilens was found to exhibit two distinct types of aggregation, one concerned with mating, the other with oviposition. The mating swarms, composed mainly of male flies, used a variety of Callistemon viminalis as a marker and were not found in association with other bushes or objects. Males paired with flies entering the swarm and then the pairs fell to the ground. Some pairs separated within 30 seconds, and these were believed to comprise two males or males paired to non‐receptive females. The others remained in copula for up to 7 minutes. Oviposition swarms were found over smooth water where oviposition took place directly into the water. Both types of swarm were observed throughout the daylight hours.
A COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF FEEDING BY NYMPHS OF FOUR PSYLLID SPECIES ON THE LEAVES OF EUCALYPTS
Authors: Woodburn T. L. , Lewis* E. E.
Published: April 2007

The feeding sites of four species of psyllids were compared histologically. Cardiaspina albitextura, Creiis costatus and Lasiopsylla rotundipennis draw their food from cells of the sheathing parenchyma and pholem tissue of small vascular bundles. Glycaspis sp. feeds from the pholem cells of much larger bundles.

Obvious damage to leaf tissue was associated only with C. albitextura and Glycaspis sp., and was much more severe for the former. The damaged tissue resembled that of naturally‐senescing leaves. This suggests that these two species are able to augment the food available from vascular bundles by causing a breakdown of palisade mesophyll.
REDISCOVERY OF THE SPECTACULAR AUSTRALIAN GRASSHOPPER PETASIDA EPHIPPIGERA WHITE (ORTHOPTERA: PYRGOMORPHIDAE)
Authors: Calaby J. H. , Key K. H. L.
Published: April 2007

The colourful Australian grasshopper Petasida ephippigera has been rediscovered after more than 70 years. The history of the five previously known specimens is briefly reviewed, and the finding of some 30 additional individuals at nine different localities in and near western Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, between July 1971 and November 1972 is documented. The insect feeds upon a restricted group of aromatic shrubs found on sandstone pediments and low hills fronting the Arnhem Land escarpment, and on the plateau itself.
STUDIES ON AUSTRALIAN MUSCIDAE (DIPTERA) V. MUSCIDAE AND ANTHOMYIIDAE FROM LORD HOWE ISLAND AND NORFOLK ISLAND
Authors: Pont* Adrian C.
Published: April 2007

30 Muscidae and 2 Anthomyiidae are recorded from Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. They are discussed from the point‐of‐view of their biology and distribution. Four new species are described: Coenosia spumicola, Helina cryptohowei, Helina liepae and Spilogona ferrari.
OBSERVATIONS OF ECTOPARASITES OF THE WILD RABBIT ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (L.) IN THE WERRIBEE DISTRICT OF VICTORIA.
Authors: Shepherd Rosamond C. H. , Edmonds* J. W.
Published: April 2007

Observations were made of a population of wild rabbits during 1969 and 1970. The louse Haemodipsus ventricosus (Denny) and the mites Cheyletiella parasitivorax (Megnin) and Listrophorus gibbus (Pagenstecher) were present throughout the year. The flea Nosopsyllus fasciatus (Bosc) was also collected. The percentages of rabbits infested and the numbers of ectoparasites on some skins are given.
A TURBULENT OVERFLOW PROCESS FOR EXTRACTING WEEVIL LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM LARGE SOIL SAMPLES.
Authors: Rand* J. R.
Published: April 2007

A “turbulent overflow” process of insect extraction from soil is described and shown to be faster and more efficient than a modified Salt and Hollick process. The process extracted up to 100% of three species of weevil larvae in four experiments with 95% of the larvae recovered before the paraffin extraction stage. Other advantages and applications of the process are also described.
THE INTEGRATION PROCESS AS IT AFFECTS ENTOMOLOGY
Authors: Hogan* T. W.
Published: April 2007

Mid‐century developments in science and technology have given man the ability to destroy insect enemies by powerful chemicals which comprise one aspect of man's new powers to alter the environment rapidly and drastically. The application of these forces without prior and adequate studies of the likely long‐term effects on complex systems often leads to unpredicted disruptions. Accordingly, in pest control as in any activity that substantially alters the existing environment, multi‐disciplinary studies and model building have become necessary, to enable prediction of the effects of preventing excessive disturbances. Examples are given of the application of integrated control programmes in Australia including projects on red scale of citrus and the pest complex of pome fruits.
A REVISION OF THE AUSTRALIAN HAPLOTHRIPINI, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES (THYSANOPTERA: PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE)
Authors: Pitkin* Brian R.
Published: April 2007

Twenty three Australian species of Haplothripini (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae) are recognised; three new species [Apterygothrips australis, Priesneria longistylosa, and Xylaplothrips reedi] are described; seven new combinations [Adraneothrips braccatus (Karny), Antillothrips cingulatus (Hood), Xylaplothrips darci (Girault), Xylaplothrips clavipes (Karny), and Haplothrips nigricoxae (Girault) from Australia, Priesneria doliicornis (Bianchi) from Hawaii, and Priesneria insolitus (Ananthakrishnan) from India] and six new synonymies [Antillothrips cingulatus (Hood) (=Antillothrips graminatus Stannard and Watsoniella latiaureus Girulat); Karnyothrips flavipes (Jones) (=Zygothrips inermis Hood); Haplothrips pallescens Hood (=Haplothrips cingulatus Pelikan and Watsoniela helena Girault); Girault); Haplothrips victoriensis Bagnall (=Haplothrips nigroculex Girault)] are recognised. A key is provided to the Australian haplothripines and most of these are figured. Brief notes on the distribution and host preferences where known are given for each species. One species [Watsoniella brevitibia Girault] formerly regarded as a haplothripine is transferred to a genus [Katothrips Mound] of Hoplothripini.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF PERIPSOCUS HAGEN (PSOCOPTERA, PERIPSOCIDAE) FROM SOUTH EAST AUSTRALIA
Authors: NEW T. R.
Published: April 2007

Three new species of Peripsocus, edwardsi sp.n., hickmani sp.n. and tillyardi sp.n., are described from Victoria. Two Tasmanian species names, macropterus Edwards and eucalypti Edwards, are synonymised with the New Zealand maoricus (Tillyard) and milleri (Tillyard) respectively, and additional Australian records of these species given. A third New Zealand species, morulops (Tillyard), is recorded from Australia for the first time, on the basis of specimens from Tasmania and Victoria.
FOUR NEW GUINEA AND NORTHERN QUEENSLAND SPECIES OF ATRICHOPOGON KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) WITH ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE THORACIC SETAE
Authors: Debenham Margaret L.
Published: April 2007

Generic diagnoses of Atrichopogon note that the scutum is bare or has only short setae. The present paper describes four new species, hystricoides, vepres, clavator, and bellicosus, in which the thoracic setae are modified into stout, erect, spine‐like structures. In one of these species there is also a unique modification of the scutellum, the central part of which is produced posteriorly into a long, spinose, rod‐like structure. In other respects the species resemble typical Atrichopogon species. From an examination of the female mouthparts it is concluded that at least one of the two species for which females are described is possibly predatory on insects.
PARASITISM OF THE PALM WEEVIL RHYNCHOPHORUS BILINEATUS (MONTROUZIER) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) BY PRAECOCILENCHUS RHAPHIDOPHORUS (POINAR) (NEMATODA: APHELENCHOIDEA) IN NEW BRITAIN.
Authors: Bedford G. O.
Published: April 2007

Approximately 15% of 914 specimens of the palm weevil Rhynchophorus bilineatus from New Britain were parasitized by the nematode Praecocilenchus rhuphidophorus. Parasitized females were still capable of oogenesis and the formation of mature eggs.
LABORATORY EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST NYSIUS VINITOR BERGROTH AND NYSIUS CLEVELANDENSIS EVANS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)
Authors: Attia F.
Published: April 2007

The susceptibility of nymphs and adults of Nysius vinitor Bergroth and N. clevelandensis Evans to malathion, fenitrothion, carbaryl and DDT was determined by placing the insects on filter papers impregnated with a series of insecticide concentrations. The Id‐p data obtained were similar for both species and a further 17 insecticides were tested against N. vinitor adults. Promecarb, mevinphos, ethyl‐parathion, naled, methidathion and diazinon were the most effective chemicals tested.
THE LARVAL HABITS OF TWO SPECIES OF SPHALLOMORPHA WEST WOOD (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE, PSEUDOMORPHINAE)
Authors: Moore B. P.
Published: April 2007

Adults of Sphallomorpha colymbetoides (Westwood) and of S. nitiduloides Guérin have been reared from larvae found living in burrows beside nests of the ant, Iridomyrmex purpureus (F. Smith). These larvae capture passing ants and kill them, possibly by application of a venom from their maxillary glands; they then feed upon the juices of the prey. The morphology and habits of the larvae are described and discussed.