bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Classification of Protein Interaction Articles Using Context Similarity-Based Feature Selection
Authors: Chen Yifei , Sun Yuxing , Han Bing-Qing
Published: August 2015

Protein interaction article classification is a text classification task in the biological domain to determine which articles describe protein-protein interactions. Since the feature space in text classification is high-dimensional, feature selection is widely used for reducing the dimensionality of features to speed up computation without sacrificing classification performance. Many existing feature selection methods are based on the statistical measure of document frequency and term frequency. One potential drawback of these methods is that they treat features separately. Hence, first we design a similarity measure between the context information to take word cooccurrences and phrase chunks around the features into account. Then we introduce the similarity of context information to the importance measure of the features to substitute the document and term frequency. Hence we propose new context similarity-based feature selection methods. Their performance is evaluated on two protein interaction article collections and compared against the frequency-based methods. The experimental results reveal that the context similarity-based methods perform better in terms of theF1measure and the dimension reduction rate. Benefiting from the context information surrounding the features, the proposed methods can select distinctive features effectively for protein interaction article classification.
Research on Control-Oriented Modeling for Turbocharged SI and DI Gasoline Engines
Authors: Zhang Feitie , Huang Shoudao , Li Xuelong , Guan Fengjin
Published: August 2015

In order to analyze system performance and develop model-based control algorithms for turbocharged spark ignition and direct injection (SIDI) gasoline engines, a control oriented mean value model is developed and validated. The model is constructed based on theoretical analysis for the different components, including the compressor, turbine, air filter, intercooler, throttle, manifold, and combustion chamber. Compressor mass flow and efficiency are modeled as parameterized functions. A standard nozzle model is used to approximate the mass flow through the turbine, and the turbine efficiency is modeled as a function of blade speed ratio (BSR). The air filter is modeled as a tube for capturing its pressure drop feature. The effectiveness number of transfer units (NTU) modeling method is utilized for the intercooler. The throttle model consists of the standard nozzle model with an effective area regressed to throttle position. Manifolds are modeled for their dynamically varying pressure state. For the cylinder, the air mass flow into cylinders, fuel mass, torque, and exhaust temperature are modeled. Compared to the conventional lookup table approach, transient dynamics error can be improved significantly through using the model from this work.
The Role of Dendritic Cells in Fibrosis Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Almeda-Valdes Paloma , Aguilar Olivos Nancy E. , Barranco-Fragoso Beatriz , Uribe Misael , Méndez-Sánchez Nahum
Published: August 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease. NAFLD encompasses a wide range of pathologies, from simple steatosis to steatosis with inflammation to fibrosis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD progression has not been completely elucidated, and different liver cells could be implicated. This review focuses on the current evidence of the role of liver dendritic cells (DCs) in the progression from NAFLD to fibrosis. Liver DCs are a heterogeneous population of hepatic antigen-presenting cells; their main function is to induce T-cell mediated immunity by antigen processing and presentation to T cells. During the steady state liver DCs are immature and tolerogenic. However, in an environment of chronic inflammation, DCs are transformed to potent inducers of immune responses. There is evidence about the role of DC in liver fibrosis, but it is not clearly understood. Interestingly, there might be a link between lipid metabolism and DC function, suggesting that immunogenic DCs are associated with liver lipid storage, representing a possible pathophysiological mechanism in NAFLD development. A better understanding of the interaction between inflammatory pathways and the different cell types and the effect on the progression of NAFLD is of great relevance.
Heterologous Reconstitution of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids inArabidopsis
Authors: Kim Sun Hee , Roh Kyung Hee , Park Jong-Sug , Kim Kwang-Soo , Kim Hyun Uk , Lee Kyeong-Ryeol , Kang Han-Chul , Kim Jong-Bum
Published: August 2015

Reconstitution of nonnative, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (VLC-PUFA) biosynthetic pathways inArabidopsis thalianawas undertaken. The introduction of three primary biosynthetic activities to cells requires the stable coexpression of multiple proteins within the same cell. Herein, we report that C22VLC-PUFAs were synthesized from C18precursors by reactions catalyzed byΔ6-desaturase, an ELOVL5-like enzyme involved in VLC-PUFA elongation, andΔ5-desaturase. Coexpression of the corresponding genes (McD6DES, AsELOVL5, andPtD5DES) under the control of the seed-specific vicilin promoter resulted in production of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 n-3) and docosatetraenoic acid (22:4 n-6) as well as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) inArabidopsisseeds. The contributions of the transgenic enzymes and endogenous fatty acid metabolism were determined. Specifically, the reasonable synthesis of omega-3 stearidonic acid (18:4 n-3) could be a useful tool to obtain a sustainable system for the production of omega-3 fatty acids in seeds of a transgenic T3 line 63-1. The results indicated that coexpression of the three proteins was stable. Therefore, this study suggests that metabolic engineering of oilseed crops to produce VLC-PUFAs is feasible.
Virtual Constraints Based Control Design of an Inclined Translational Oscillator with Rotational Actuator System
Authors: Gao Bingtuan , Liu Chuande , Cheng Hongtai
Published: August 2015

Translational oscillator with rotational actuator (TORA) system, whose translational and rotational movements occur in horizontal planes, is a benchmark of underactuated mechanical systems for studying of control techniques. Currently, the research work of the benchmark mainly focuses on stabilizing control of equilibrium points of the dynamical system. The problem of steering TORA to arbitrary points in its state space is rarely studied. In this paper, the movements of the TORA system are extended to inclined planes and dynamics of the inclined TORA system is presented firstly. Following that, a trajectory tracking control method based on virtual constraints is proposed to steer the oscillations of the inclined TORA system. A virtual constraints based method is presented to generate periodic trajectories which pass through desired point; and a Lyapunov based control design is proposed to track the generated trajectories. Finally, the performance and feasibility of the proposed control design methodology are illustrated and analyzed according to numerical simulations.
Differential Expression Analysis in RNA-Seq by a Naive Bayes Classifier with Local Normalization
Authors: Dou Yongchao , Guo Xiaomei , Yuan Lingling , Holding David R. , Zhang Chi
Published: August 2015

To improve the applicability of RNA-seq technology, a large number of RNA-seq data analysis methods and correction algorithms have been developed. Although these new methods and algorithms have steadily improved transcriptome analysis, greater prediction accuracy is needed to better guide experimental designs with computational results. In this study, a new tool for the identification of differentially expressed genes with RNA-seq data, named GExposer, was developed. This tool introduces a local normalization algorithm to reduce the bias of nonrandomly positioned read depth. The naive Bayes classifier is employed to integrate fold change, transcript length, and GC content to identify differentially expressed genes. Results on several independent tests show that GExposer has better performance than other methods. The combination of the local normalization algorithm and naive Bayes classifier with three attributes can achieve better results; both false positive rates and false negative rates are reduced. However, only a small portion of genes is affected by the local normalization and GC content correction.
Role of GeneXpert MTB/Rif Assay in Diagnosing Tuberculosis in Pregnancy and Puerperium
Authors: Habib Zaiyad G. , Dayyab Farouq M. , Sanda Abdallah , Tambuwal Sirajo H. , Dalhat Mahmood M. , Muhammad Hamza , Iliyasu Garba , Nashabaru Ibrahim , Habib Abdulrazaq G.
Published: August 2015

Presentation of tuberculosis (TB) in pregnancy may be atypical with diagnostic challenges. Two patients with complicated pregnancy outcomes, foetal loss and live premature delivery at 5 and 7 months of gestation, respectively, and maternal loss, were diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed widespread reticuloalveolar infiltrates and consolidation with cavitations, respectively. Both patients were Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seronegative and sputum smear negative for TB. Sputum GeneXpert MTB/Rif (Xpert MTB/RIF) was positive forMycobacterium tuberculosis. To strengthen maternal and childhood TB control, screening with same-day point-of-care Xpert MTB/RIF is advocated among both HIV positive pregnant women and symptomatic HIV negative pregnant women during antenatal care in pregnancy and at puerperium.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Racial/Ethnic Disparities among the ER/PR/HER2 Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Parise Carol A. , Caggiano Vincent
Published: August 2015

Background. The eight ER/PR/HER2 breast cancer subtypes vary widely in demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. This study assesses the contribution of SES to the risk of mortality for blacks, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians when compared with white women for each ER/PR/HER2 subtype.Methods. We identified 143,184 cases of first primary female invasive breast cancer from the California Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2012. The risk of mortality was computed for each race/ethnicity within each ER/PR/HER2 subtype. Models were adjusted for tumor grade, year of diagnosis, and age. SES was added to a second set of models. Analyses were conducted separately for each stage.Results. Race/ethnicity did not contribute to the risk of mortality for any subtype in stage 1 when adjusted for SES. In stages 2, 3, and 4, race/ethnicity was associated with risk of mortality and adjustment for SES changed the risk only in some subtypes. SES reduced the risk of mortality by over 45% for American Indians with stage 2 ER+/PR+/HER2− cancer, but it decreased the risk of mortality for blacks with stage 2 triple negative cancer by less than 4%.Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities do not exist in all ER/PR/HER2 subtypes and, in general, SES modestly alters these disparities.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Puncturing and Bloodletting at Twelve Hand Jing Points to Treat Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning as Adjunct to First Aid Treatment: A Study Protocol
Authors: Yue Ying , Pan Xingfang , Zhang Sai , Jin Jun , Wang Wei , Wang Dongqiang , Han Dexin , Wang Guirong , Hu Qunliang , Kang Jingqing , Ding Shasha , Yang Yi , Bu Huaien , Guo Yi
Published: August 2015

Background. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Twelve Hand Jing Points (THJP) have been believed to be effective to treat all kinds of emergency calls in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 3000 years. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of THJP in curing acute carbon monoxide poisoning in first aid treatment. This paper reports the protocol of the trial.Methods/Design.This RCT is a multicenter, randomized, controlled study undergoing in China. The compliant patients are divided into the bloodletting group and standard of care group. With first aid treatments given to both of the groups, the bloodletting group is bleeding at THJP upon being hospitalized. Primary outcomes and secondary outcomes will be measured and compared between these two groups. Before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after treatment, patients’ basic vital signs and state of consciousness were observed. Before treatment and 1 and 4 hours after treatment, carboxyhemoglobin concentration in venous blood samples was detected.Discussion.The objective of this study is to provide convincing evidence to clarify the efficacy and safety of THJP for early treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Module Based Differential Coexpression Analysis Method for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zheng Chun-Hou , Xia Jun-Feng , Huang De-Shuang
Published: August 2015

More and more studies have shown that many complex diseases are contributed jointly by alterations of numerous genes. Genes often coordinate together as a functional biological pathway or network and are highly correlated. Differential coexpression analysis, as a more comprehensive technique to the differential expression analysis, was raised to research gene regulatory networks and biological pathways of phenotypic changes through measuring gene correlation changes between disease and normal conditions. In this paper, we propose a gene differential coexpression analysis algorithm in the level of gene sets and apply the algorithm to a publicly available type 2 diabetes (T2D) expression dataset. Firstly, we calculate coexpression biweight midcorrelation coefficients between all gene pairs. Then, we select informative correlation pairs using the “differential coexpression threshold” strategy. Finally, we identify the differential coexpression gene modules using maximum clique concept andk-clique algorithm. We apply the proposed differential coexpression analysis method on simulated data and T2D data. Two differential coexpression gene modules about T2D were detected, which should be useful for exploring the biological function of the related genes.
Comparative Study on Particles Formation in a Diesel Engine When Lubricating Oil Involved in Fuel Combustion
Authors: Dong Lihui , Han Weiqiang , Liang Xingyu , Wang Yuesen
Published: August 2015

The effect of lubricating oil on the morphology of particulate matter (PM) was studied in a diesel engine fueled with pure diesel fuel and blended fuel containing 0.5% by weight of lubricating oil. Particulate matter emitted by diesel engines is formed primarily by soot agglomerates which are composed of primary particles. In this paper, particulate matter was collected with a thermophoretic sampling system, and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to investigate the primary particles. A Fast Particulate Spectrometer, DMS 500, was used to determine the particle size distributions. The TEM results indicated that the mean diameters of the primary particles increased after the oil was added into the fuel. Particle size distributions results showed that lubricating oil in the fuel gave rise to a higher concentration in nucleation mode.
The Role of Obesity Training in Medical School and Residency on Bariatric Surgery Knowledge in Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Stanford Fatima Cody , Johnson Erica D. , Claridy Mechelle D. , Earle Rebecca L. , Kaplan Lee M.
Published: August 2015

Objective. US primary care physicians are inadequately educated on how to provide obesity treatment. We sought to assess physician training in obesity and to characterize the perceptions, beliefs, knowledge, and treatment patterns of primary care physicians. Methods. We administered a cross-sectional web-based survey from July to October 2014 to adult primary care physicians in practices affiliated with the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). We evaluated survey respondent demographics, personal health habits, obesity training, knowledge of bariatric surgery care, perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the etiology of obesity and treatment strategies. Results. Younger primary care physicians (age 20–39) were more likely to have received some obesity training than those aged 40–49 (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.008–0.822) or those 50+ (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.004–0.321). Physicians who were young, had obesity, or received obesity education in medical school or postgraduate training were more likely to answer bariatric surgery knowledge questions correctly. Conclusions. There is a need for educational programs to improve physician knowledge and competency in treating patients with obesity. Obesity is a complex chronic disease, and it is important for clinicians to be equipped with the knowledge of the multiple treatment modalities that may be considered to help their patients achieve a healthy weight.
The Knowledge of Expert Opinion in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Linear Programming Problem
Authors: Nagoorgani A. , Kavikumar J. , Ponnalagu K.
Published: August 2015

In real life, information available for certain situations is vague and such uncertainty is unavoidable. One possible solution is to consider the knowledge of experts on the parameters involved as intuitionistic fuzzy data. We examine a linear programming problem in which all the coefficients are intuitionistic in nature. An approach is presented to solve an intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem. In this proposed approach, a procedure for allocating limited resources effectively among competing demands is developed. An example is given to highlight the illustrated study.
Putative Epimutagens in Maternal Peripheral and Cord Blood Samples Identified Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Arai Yoshikazu , Hayakawa Koji , Arai Daisuke , Ito Rie , Iwasaki Yusuke , Saito Koichi , Akutsu Kazuhiko , Takatori Satoshi , Ishii Rie , Hayashi Rumiko , Izumi Shun-Ichiro , Sugino Norihiro , Kondo Fumio , Horie Masakazu , Nakazawa Hiroyuki , Makino Tsunehisa , Hirosawa Mitsuko , Shiota Kunio , Ohgane Jun
Published: August 2015

The regulation of transcription and genome stability by epigenetic systems are crucial for the proper development of mammalian embryos. Chemicals that disturb epigenetic systems are termed epimutagens. We previously performed chemical screening that focused on heterochromatin formation and DNA methylation status in mouse embryonic stem cells and identified five epimutagens: diethyl phosphate (DEP), mercury (Hg), cotinine, selenium (Se), and octachlorodipropyl ether (S-421). Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to confirm the effects of 20 chemicals, including the five epimutagens, detected at low concentrations in maternal peripheral and cord blood samples. Of note, these individual chemicals did not exhibit epimutagenic activity in hiPSCs. However, because the fetal environment contains various chemicals, we evaluated the effects of combined exposure to chemicals (DEP, Hg, cotinine, Se, and S-421) on hiPSCs. The combined exposure caused a decrease in the number of heterochromatin signals and aberrant DNA methylation status at multiple gene loci in hiPSCs. The combined exposure also affected embryoid body formation and neural differentiation from hiPSCs. Therefore, DEP, Hg, cotinine, Se, and S-421 were defined as an “epimutagen combination” that is effective at low concentrations as detected in maternal peripheral and cord blood.
hERG1 Potassium Channels: Novel Biomarkers in Human Solid Cancers
Authors: Lastraioli Elena , Lottini Tiziano , Bencini Lapo , Bernini Marco , Arcangeli Annarosa
Published: August 2015

Because of their high incidence and mortality solid cancers are a major health problem worldwide. Although several new biomarkers and potential targets for therapy have been identified through biomolecular research in the last years, the effects on patients’ outcome are still unsatisfactory. Increasing evidence indicates that hERG1 potassium channels are overexpressed in human primary cancers of different origin and several associations between hERG1 expression and clinicopathological features and/or outcome are emerging. Aberrant hERG1 expression may be exploited either for early diagnosis (especially in those cancers where it is expressed in the initial steps of tumor progression) or for therapy purposes. Indeed, hERG1 blockage impairs tumor cell growth bothin vitroandin vivoin preclinical mouse model. hERG1-based tumor therapy in humans, however, encounters the major hindrance of the potential cardiotoxicity that many hERG1 blockers exert. In this review we focus on recent advances in translational research in some of the most frequent human solid cancers (breast, endometrium, ovary, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, and colorectum) that have been shown to express hERG1 and that are a major health problem.
Tailoring Imprinted Titania Nanoparticles for Purines Recognition
Authors: Mujahid Adnan , Najeeb Amna , Khan Aimen Idrees , Hussain Tajamal , Raza Muhammad Hamid , Shah Asma Tufail , Iqbal Naseer , Ahmad Mirza Nadeem
Published: August 2015

Molecular imprinted titania nanoparticles were developed for selective recognition of purines, for example, guanine and its final oxidation product uric acid. Titania nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium butoxide as precursor in the presence of pattern molecules. The morphology of synthesized nanoparticles is evaluated by SEM images. Recognition characteristics of imprinted titania nanoparticles are studied by exposing them to standard solution of guanine and uric acid, respectively. The resultant change in their concentration is determined by UV/Vis analysis that indicated imprinted titania nanoparticles possess high affinity for print molecules. In both cases, nonimprinted titania is taken as control to observe nonspecific binding interactions. Cross sensitivity studies suggested that imprinted titania is at least five times more selective for binding print molecules than competing analyte thus indicating its potential for bioassay of purines.
The Application of Classification and Regression Trees for the Triage of Women for Referral to Colposcopy and the Estimation of Risk for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Study Based on 1625 Cases with Incomplete Data from Molecular Tests
Authors: Pouliakis Abraham , Karakitsou Efrossyni , Chrelias Charalampos , Pappas Asimakis , Panayiotides Ioannis , Valasoulis George , Kyrgiou Maria , Paraskevaidis Evangelos , Karakitsos Petros
Published: August 2015

Objective. Nowadays numerous ancillary techniques detecting HPV DNA and mRNA compete with cytology; however no perfect test exists; in this study we evaluated classification and regression trees (CARTs) for the production of triage rules and estimate the risk for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in cases with ASCUS+ in cytology.Study Design. We used 1625 cases. In contrast to other approaches we used missing data to increase the data volume, obtain more accurate results, and simulate real conditions in the everyday practice of gynecologic clinics and laboratories. The proposed CART was based on the cytological result, HPV DNA typing, HPV mRNA detection based on NASBA and flow cytometry, p16 immunocytochemical expression, and finally age and parous status.Results. Algorithms useful for the triage of women were produced; gynecologists could apply these in conjunction with available examination results and conclude to an estimation of the risk for a woman to harbor CIN expressed as a probability.Conclusions. The most important test was the cytological examination; however the CART handled cases with inadequate cytological outcome and increased the diagnostic accuracy by exploiting the results of ancillary techniques even if there were inadequate missing data. The CART performance was better than any other single test involved in this study.
The Effects of Acid Activation on the Thermal Properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone and Organoclay Composites
Authors: Kooli F.
Published: August 2015

The thermal stabilities of polyvinylpyrrolidone-organoclays or organo-acid-activated clay composites prepared by chemical exchange reactions were assessed. The raw clay mineral was acid-activated prior to expansion by cetyltrimethylammonium surfactants. The acid activation process affected the intercalated amount of cetyltrimethylammonium cations in the resulting organoclays and, thus, the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the composite. The content of cetyltrimethylammonium cations decreased with the extent of acid activation. The organophilic modification of the clay mineral was an important step in the intercalation of the polyvinylpyrrolidone molecules and, thus, in the expansion of the silicate sheets from 3.80 nm to 4.20 nm. The composites exhibited better crystalline order with intense reflections at lower angles. The thermal stability of organoclays, acid-activated clays, and composites was studied using thermogravimetric analysis andin situX-ray diffraction. The decomposition of intercalated surfactants occurred at lower temperatures relative to the neat surfactant salt, and the basal spacing of the organoclays (or acid-activated clays) shrunk to 2.0 nm at 215°C. However, the basal spacing of composites exhibited better stability and collapsed to 2.0 nm at 300°C. This type of material could offer an alternative stable product for engineering purposes in the design of new composites.
Hereditary Angioedema and Gastrointestinal Complications: An Extensive Review of the Literature
Authors: Patel Napoleon , Suarez Lisbet D. , Kapur Sakshi , Bielory Leonard
Published: August 2015

Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant (AD) disease characterized by deficient (type 1) or nonfunctional (type 2) C1 inhibitor protein. The disorder is associated with episodes of angioedema of the face, larynx, lips, abdomen, or extremities. The angioedema is caused by the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system that leads to the release of vasoactive peptides, followed by edema, which in severe cases can be life threatening. The disease is usually not diagnosed until late adolescence and patients tend to have frequent episodes that can be severely impairing and have a high incidence of morbidity. Gastrointestinal involvement represents up to 80% of clinical presentations that are commonly confused with other gastrointestinal disorders such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and ischemic bower. We present a case of an HAE attack presenting as colonic intussusception managed conservatively with a C1 esterase inhibitor. Very few cases have been reported in the literature of HAE presentation in this manner, and there are no reports of any nonsurgical management of these cases.
Impact of Cadmium on Intracellular Zinc Levels in HepG2 Cells: Quantitative Evaluations and Molecular Effects
Authors: Urani Chiara , Melchioretto Pasquale , Bruschi Maurizio , Fabbri Marco , Sacco Maria Grazia , Gribaldo Laura
Published: August 2015

Cadmium is classified as a human carcinogen, and its disturbance in zinc homeostasis has been well established. However, its extent as well as molecular mechanisms involved in cadmium carcinogenesis has yet to be fully clarified. To this end, we used the zinc specific probe Zinquin to visualize and to quantitatively evaluate changes in the concentration of labile zinc, in anin vitromodel of human hepatic cells (HepG2) exposed to cadmium. A very large increase (+93%) of intracellular labile zinc, displaced by cadmium from the zinc proteome, was measured when HepG2 were exposed to 10 µM cadmium for 24 hrs. Microarray expression profiling showed that in cells, featuring an increase of labile zinc after cadmium exposure, one of the top regulated genes isSnail1(+3.6), which is included in the adherens junction pathway and linked to cancer. In the same pathwayMET,TGF-βR, and two members of the Rho-family GTPase,Rac, andcdc42all implicated in the loss of adherence features and acquisition of migratory and cancer properties were regulated, as well. The microRNAs analysis showed a downregulation of miR-34a and miR-200a, both implicated in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These microRNAs results support the role played by zinc in affecting gene expression at the posttranscriptional level.
The Emerging and Diverse Roles of Src‐Like Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease
Authors: Marton Nikolett , Baricza Eszter , Érsek Barbara , Buzás Edit I. , Nagy György
Published: August 2015

Although Src‐like adaptor proteins (SLAP‐1 and SLAP‐2) were mainly studied in lymphocytes, where they act as negative regulators and provide fine control of receptor signaling, recently, several other functions of these proteins were discovered. In addition to the well‐characterized immunoregulatory functions, SLAP proteins appear to have an essential role in the pathogenesis of type I hypersensitivity, osteoporosis, and numerous malignant diseases. Both adaptor proteins are expressed in a wide variety of tissues, where they have mostly inhibitory effects on multiple intracellular signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the diverse effects of SLAP proteins.
Evaluation of Temper Embrittlement of 30Cr2MoV Rotor Steels Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Technique
Authors: Shenghan Zhang , Yaling Lv , Yu Tan
Published: August 2015

Temper embrittlement tends to occur in the turbine rotor after long running, which refers to the decrease in notch toughness of alloy steels in a certain temperature range (e.g., 400°C to 600°C). The severity of temper embrittlement must be monitored timely to avoid further damagement, and the fracture appearance transition temperature (FATT50) is commonly used as an indicator parameter to characterize the temper embrittlement. Compared with conventional destructive methods (e.g., small punch test), nondestructive approaches have drawn significant attention in predicting the material degradation in turbine rotor steels without impairing the integrity of the components. In this paper, laboratory experiments were carried out based on a nondestructive method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with groups of lab-charged specimens for predicting the temper embrittlement (FATT50) of turbine rotor steel. The results show that there was a linear relationship of interfacial impedance of the specimens and their FATT50values. The predictive error based on the experiment study is within the range of ±15°C, indicating the predicting model is precise, effective, and reasonable.
Study on Strengthening Plan of Safety Network CCTV Monitoring by Steganography and User Authentication
Authors: Park Jung-oh , Kim Sanggeun
Published: August 2015

Recently, as the utilization of CCTV (closed circuit television) is emerging as an issue, the studies on CCTV are receiving much attention. Accordingly, due to the development of CCTV, CCTV has IP addresses and is connected to network; it is exposed to many threats on the existing web environment. In this paper, steganography is utilized to confirm the Data Masquerading and Data Modification and, in addition, to strengthen the security; the user information is protected based on PKI (public key infrastructure), SN (serial number), andR value(random number) attributed at the time of login and the user authentication protocol to block nonauthorized access of malicious user in network CCTV environment was proposed. This paper should be appropriate for utilization of user infringement-related CCTV where user information protection-related technology is not applied for CCTV in the future.
Improving Hyperspectral Image Classification Method for Fine Land Use Assessment Application Using Semisupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Chunyang , Guo Zengzhang , Wang Shuangting , Wang Liping , Ma Chao
Published: August 2015

Study on land use/cover can reflect changing rules of population, economy, agricultural structure adjustment, policy, and traffic and provide better service for the regional economic development and urban evolution. The study on fine land use/cover assessment using hyperspectral image classification is a focal growing area in many fields. Semisupervised learning method which takes a large number of unlabeled samples and minority labeled samples, improving classification and predicting the accuracy effectively, has been a new research direction. In this paper, we proposed improving fine land use/cover assessment based on semisupervised hyperspectral classification method. The test analysis of study area showed that the advantages of semisupervised classification method could improve the high precision overall classification and objective assessment of land use/cover results.
The Photoluminescence Behaviors of a Novel Reddish Orange Emitting Phosphor CaIn2O4:Sm3+ Codoped with Zn2+ or Al3+ Ions
Authors: Gou Jing , Zhang Dongyang , Yu Binxun , Wang Jing , Liu Shengzhong
Published: August 2015

A novel reddish orange phosphor CaIn2O4:Sm3+ codoped with Zn2+ or Al3+ ions was prepared by solid state reaction and their luminescence properties were investigated under near ultraviolet excitation. The strategy of Zn2+ or Al3+ ions codoping was used with the aim to improve the luminescence properties of CaIn2O4:Sm3+, but the concrete effects of the two ions is different. The introduction of Zn2+ ions can produce defects that favor charge balance in CaIn2O4:Sm3+ to facilitate its photoluminescence. The effect of Al3+ ions codoping can effectively transfer energy from charge‐transfer absorption band to characteristic transition of Sm3+ ions, utilizing more energy from host absorption for the photoluminescence of Sm3+ ions. Based on these mechanisms, the luminescence intensity of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+ was enhanced to 1.59 times and 1.51 times when codoping amount of Zn2+ and Al3+ ions reached 0.6%. However, the chromaticity coordinates of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+ almost did not have any changes after Zn2+ ions or Al3+ ions codoping; those are still located at reddish orange region. The excellent luminescence properties of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+,0.6%Zn2+ and CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+,0.6%Al3+ demonstrate that they both have potential application value as new‐style reddish orange phosphors on light‐emitting diode.
Remote Hemorrhage in the Cerebellum and Temporal Lobe after Lumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Watanabe Shotaro , Ohtori Seiji , Orita Sumihisa , Yamauchi Kazuyo , Eguchi Yawara , Aoki Yasuchika , Nakamura Junichi , Miyagi Masayuki , Suzuki Miyako , Kubota Gou , Inage Kazuhide , Sainoh Takeshi , Sato Jun , Shiga Yasuhiro , Abe Koki , Fujimoto Kazuki , Kanamoto Hiroto , Inoue Gen , Furuya Takeo , Koda Masao , Okawa Akihiko , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Yamazaki Masashi
Published: August 2015

Cerebellar hemorrhage remote from the site of surgery can complicate neurosurgical procedures. However, this complication after lumbar surgery is rare. Furthermore, hemorrhage in both the cerebellum and the temporal lobe after spine surgery is rarer still. Herein we present a case of remote hemorrhage in both the cerebellum and the temporal lobe after lumbar spine surgery. A 79-year-old woman with a Schwannoma at the L4 level presented with low back and bilateral leg pain refractory to conservative management. Surgery was undertaken to remove the Schwannoma and to perform posterior fusion. During the surgery, the dura mater was removed in order to excise the Schwannoma. Reconstruction of the dura mater was performed; postoperatively the patient had a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Five days after surgery, clouding of consciousness started gradually, and hemorrhage in the cerebellum and the temporal lobe was revealed by computed tomography. Emergent evacuation of the hemorrhage was performed and the patient recovered consciousness after the surgery. Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid may have induced this hemorrhage. While rare, intracranial hemorrhage after spine surgery can occur, sometimes requiring emergent intervention.
Thermal Infrared Imaging-Based Computational Psychophysiology for Psychometrics
Authors: Cardone Daniela , Pinti Paola , Merla Arcangelo
Published: August 2015

Thermal infrared imaging has been proposed as a potential system for the computational assessment of human autonomic nervous activity and psychophysiological states in a contactless and noninvasive way. Through bioheat modeling of facial thermal imagery, several vital signs can be extracted, including localized blood perfusion, cardiac pulse, breath rate, and sudomotor response, since all these parameters impact the cutaneous temperature. The obtained physiological information could then be used to draw inferences about a variety of psychophysiological or affective states, as proved by the increasing number of psychophysiological studies using thermal infrared imaging. This paper presents therefore a review of the principal achievements of thermal infrared imaging in computational physiology with regard to its capability of monitoring psychophysiological activity.
Surgical Treatment of Cystic Adventitial Disease of the Popliteal Artery: Five Case Reports
Authors: Igari Kimihiro , Kudo Toshifumi , Toyofuku Takahiro , Inoue Yoshinori
Published: August 2015

Cystic adventitial disease (CAD) is a rare cause of intermittent claudication and nonatherosclerotic conditions in middle-aged men without cardiovascular risk factors. The etiology of CAD is unclear; however, the direct communication between a cyst and a joint is presumed to be a cause. We herein report a case series of CAD of the popliteal artery (CADPA), in which patients were treated with surgical resection and vascular reconstruction. Although less invasive treatment modalities, including percutaneous cyst aspiration and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, have been the subject of recent reports, these treatments have had a higher recurrence rate. Therefore, all of the CAPDA cases in the present series were treated surgically, which lead to good outcomes.
Ceacam1L Modulates STAT3 Signaling to Control the Proliferation of Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells
Authors: Kaneko Sadahiro , Nakatani Yuka , Takezaki Tatsuya , Hide Takuichiro , Yamashita Daisuke , Ohtsu Naoki , Ohnishi Takanori , Terasaka Shunsuke , Houkin Kiyohiro , Kondo Toru
Published: August 2015

Glioblastoma-initiating cells (GIC) are a tumorigenic cell subpopulation resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and are a likely source of recurrence. However, the basis through which GICs are maintained has yet to be elucidated in detail. We herein demonstrated that the carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecule Ceacam1L acts as a crucial factor in GIC maintenance and tumorigenesis by activating c-Src/STAT3 signaling. Furthermore, we showed that monomers of the cytoplasmic domain of Ceacam1L bound to c-Src and STAT3 and induced their phosphorylation, whereas oligomerization of this domain ablated this function. Our results suggest that Ceacam1L-dependent adhesion between GIC and surrounding cells play an essential role in GIC maintenance and proliferation, as mediated by signals transmitted by monomeric forms of the Ceacam1L cytoplasmic domain. Cancer Res; 75(19); 4224–34. ©2015 AACR.
The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Harms Paul William , Vats Pankaj , Verhaegen Monique Elise , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Dhanasekaran Saravana Mohan , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Siddiqui Javed , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Xiao Hong , Kunju Lakshmi P. , Mehra Rohit , Tomlins Scott A. , Fullen Douglas Randall , Bichakjian Christopher Keram , Johnson Timothy M. , Dlugosz Andrzej Antoni , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: August 2015

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumor. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) may contribute to tumorigenesis in a subset of tumors via inhibition of tumor suppressors such as retinoblastoma (RB1) by mutated viral T antigens, but the molecular pathogenesis of MCPyV-negative MCC is largely unexplored. Through our MI-ONCOSEQ precision oncology study, we performed integrative sequencing on two cases of MCPyV-negative MCC, as well as a validation cohort of 14 additional MCC cases (n = 16). In addition to previously identified mutations in TP53, RB1, and PIK3CA, we discovered activating mutations of oncogenes, including HRAS and loss-of-function mutations in PRUNE2 and NOTCH family genes in MCPyV-negative MCC. MCPyV-negative tumors also displayed high overall mutation burden (10.09 ± 2.32 mutations/Mb) and were characterized by a prominent UV-signature pattern with C > T transitions comprising 85% of mutations. In contrast, mutation burden was low in MCPyV-positive tumors (0.40 ± 0.09 mutations/Mb) and lacked a UV signature. These findings suggest a potential ontologic dichotomy in MCC, characterized by either viral-dependent or UV-dependent tumorigenic pathways. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3720–7. ©2015 AACR.
Colon Cancer Growth and Dissemination Relies upon Thrombin, Stromal PAR-1, and Fibrinogen
Authors: Adams Gregory N. , Rosenfeldt Leah , Frederick Malinda , Miller Whitney , Waltz Dusty , Kombrinck Keith , McElhinney Kathryn E. , Flick Matthew J. , Monia Brett P. , Revenko Alexey S. , Palumbo Joseph S.
Published: August 2015

Thrombin-mediated proteolysis is a major determinant of metastasis, but is not universally important for primary tumor growth. Here, we report that colorectal adenocarcinoma represents one important exception whereby thrombin-mediated functions support both primary tumor growth and metastasis. In contrast with studies of multiple nongastrointestinal cancers, we found that the growth of primary tumors formed by murine and human colon cancer cells was reduced in mice by genetic or pharmacologic reduction of circulating prothrombin. Reduced prothrombin expression was associated with lower mitotic indices and invasion of surrounding tissue. Mechanistic investigations revealed that thrombin-driven colonic adenocarcinoma growth relied upon at least two targets of thrombin-mediated proteolysis, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) expressed by stromal cells and the extracellular matrix protein, fibrinogen. Colonic adenocarcinoma growth was reduced in PAR-1–deficient mice, implicating stromal cell-associated PAR-1 as one thrombin target important for tumor outgrowth. Furthermore, tumor growth was dramatically impeded in fibrinogen-deficient mice, offering the first direct evidence of a critical functional role for fibrinogen in malignant tumor growth. Tumors harvested from fibrinogen-deficient mice displayed a relative reduction in cell proliferative indices, as well as increased tumor necrosis and decreased tumor vascular density. Collectively, our findings established a functional role for thrombin and its targets PAR-1 and fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of colonic adenocarcinoma, supporting tumor growth as well as local invasion and metastasis. Cancer Res; 75(19); 4235–43. ©2015 AACR.
HER2 Activating Mutations Are Targets for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Kavuri Shyam M. , Jain Naveen , Galimi Francesco , Cottino Francesca , Leto Simonetta M. , Migliardi Giorgia , Searleman Adam C. , Shen Wei , Monsey John , Trusolino Livio , Jacobs Samuel A. , Bertotti Andrea , Bose Ron
Published: August 2015

The Cancer Genome Atlas project identified HER2 somatic mutations and gene amplification in 7% of patients with colorectal cancer. Introduction of the HER2 mutations S310F, L755S, V777L, V842I, and L866M into colon epithelial cells increased signaling pathways and anchorage-independent cell growth, indicating that they are activating mutations. Introduction of these HER2 activating mutations into colorectal cancer cell lines produced resistance to cetuximab and panitumumab by sustaining MAPK phosphorylation. HER2 mutants are potently inhibited by low nanomolar doses of the irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitors neratinib and afatinib. HER2 gene sequencing of 48 cetuximab-resistant, quadruple (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA) wild-type (WT) colorectal cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) identified 4 PDXs with HER2 mutations. HER2-targeted therapies were tested on two PDXs. Treatment with a single HER2-targeted drug (trastuzumab, neratinib, or lapatinib) delayed tumor growth, but dual HER2-targeted therapy with trastuzumab plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors produced regression of these HER2-mutated PDXs.

Significance: HER2 activating mutations cause EGFR antibody resistance in colorectal cell lines, and PDXs with HER2 mutations show durable tumor regression when treated with dual HER2-targeted therapy. These data provide a strong preclinical rationale for clinical trials targeting HER2 activating mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Discov; 5(8); 832–41. ©2015 AACR.

See related commentary by Pectasides and Bass, p. 799.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 783
Reflections on the Histopathology of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma and the Host Immune Response
Authors: Mihm Martin C. , Mulé James J.
Published: August 2015

In the past five decades, the role for lymphocytes in host immune response to tumors has been shown, at least in some patients, to be a critical component in disease prognosis. Also, the heterogeneity of lymphocytes has been documented, including the existence of regulatory T cells that suppress the immune response. As the functions of lymphocytes have become better defined in terms of antitumor immunity, specific targets on lymphocytes have been uncovered. The appreciation of the role of immune checkpoints has also led to therapeutic approaches that illustrate the effectiveness of blocking negative regulators of the antitumor immune response. In this Masters of Immunology article, we trace the evolution of our understanding of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and discuss their role in melanoma prognosis from the very basic observation of their existence to the latest manipulation of their functions with the result of improvement of the host response against the tumor. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(8); 827–35. ©2015 AACR.
Dialysis Amyloid Deposition in the Aortic Valve and Its Association with Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kurita Noriaki , Fujii Akiko , Kotera Nagaaki , Tanaka Mototsugu , Tanaka Shinji , Miyairi Takeshi , Sugimoto Tokuichiro , Mori Masaya , Fukuhara Shunichi , Mise Naobumi
Published: August 2015

Background: The relationship between dialysis amyloid (DA) deposition in the aortic valve (AV) and aortic stenosis (AS) is unknown. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. AV specimens of dialysis patients (median vintage: 8.8 years) consecutively collected from cardiac surgeries (n = 56) or autopsies (n = 13) were examined by a board-certified pathologist blinded to clinical data. DAs were considered to be present if deposits were stained both by Congo red with apple-green birefringence under polarized light and by anti-β2-microblobulin antibody. Degree of deposition was graded as follows: Amyloid (-), no deposit; Amyloid (1+), occasional small deposits; Amyloid (2+), multiple small to large deposits or a single large deposit. Calcification was defined as a calcified deposit with a diameter >1 mm in the specimen. Severe AS (sAS) was defined as a mean gradient >50 mm Hg by echocardiogram. We examined the proportion of DAs and the association between DAs and the sAS. Results: DAs were present in 71% (n = 49) of specimens and primarily co-localized with calcification. Non-dialysis related amyloid was found in one specimen. After excluding this specimen, sAS was associated with ‘Amyloid (1+) and Calcification >1 mm' and ‘Amyloid (2+) and Calcification >1 mm' (vs. ‘Amyloid (-) and Calcification ≤1 mm', odds ratios (ORs): 13.5 and 34.2, respectively). Furthermore, after adjustment for covariates, sAS was found to be associated with ‘Amyloid (2+) and Calcification >1 mm' (OR: 24.3). Conclusions: DA deposition in the AV was prevalent among dialysis patients. DA deposition with accompanying calcification might contribute to the severity of AS.