bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japan's Human Rights Diplomacy: A Convergence of Geopolitical and Geoeconomic Interests
Authors: Ashley Ryan , Silverberg Elliot
Published: May 2022

executive summary: This article argues that Japan's human rights diplomacy has undergone four distinct stages in the postwar period and analyzes Tokyo's efforts in case studies focusing on the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and China. main argumentFor decades after its defeat in World War II, Japan was perceived as a laggard in promoting human rights internationally. Today, Japan advances human rights on the global stage through a combination of peacekeeping missions, developmental assistance, and other technical investments in human security. However, Tokyo notably refrains from involving itself in certain conflicts where an unambiguous stance would interrupt meaningful business or investment ties. Japan's gradual but significant shift regarding the use of human rights as a tool of diplomacy reflects the close links of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party to domestic commercial interests. As a result of these links, the Japanese government increasingly understands its foreign policy aims through a primarily geoeconomic lens. policy implications • Focus on global human rights standards instead of individual cases . Past interactions with Japan demonstrate that underscoring the larger economic and political benefits of a more robust global human rights regime, as well as the isolating effects of not upholding international standards and responsibilities, can be an effective diplomatic approach. Such methods have been a good motivator for sparking pivotal shifts in Japanese behavior. • Embrace business-sector leadership on human rights promotion . Japan is on a positive trajectory toward embracing human rights diplomacy primarily because of the changing priorities of large companies and industry groups. Thus, addressing human rights through these domestic commercial avenues and encouraging business-to-business dialogue represent perhaps the best hope for concrete and meaningful engagement. • Welcome and co-sign Japanese leadership whenever evident . Japan has displayed a newfound sense of "skin in the game" from its recent leadership in high-standard multilateral trade facilitation. Simultaneously, Japan has continued to distinguish itself as an international proponent of good governance frameworks. Japan's success in socializing its "free and open Indo-Pacific" vision should be used to incentivize Tokyo's further involvement in devising new means of holding China and other rising powers accountable to international governance standards.
Analysis of Associating Radiologic Parameters With Clinical Outcomes After Posterior C1–2 Fusion
Authors: Park Jong-Hyeok , Kim Jong Tae , Kim Il Sup , Hong Jae Taek
Published: May 2022

Objective: To evaluate which radiologic parameters affect clinical outcomes in patients underwent posterior C1–2 fusion for atlantoaxial dislocation.Methods: From January 2014 to December 2017, among 98 patients underwent C1–2 posterior fusion, patients with previous cervical surgery or extending to subaxial spine or basilar invagination were excluded. Finally, 38 patients were included. O–C2, C1–2, C1–C7, C2–C7 cobb angle (CA), T1 slope, C1–7, C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and posterior atlantodental interval (PADI) were measured at preoperative and postoperative 1 year. The difference between postoperative and preoperative values for each parameter was designated as Δvalue. Postoperative subaxial kyphosis (PSK) was defined to decrease ≥ 10° at subaxial spine. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, Neck Disability Index (NDI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes.Results: Mean age was 54.4 ± 15.9. Male to female was 14 to 24. Of radiologic parameters, C1–7 SVA and PADI were significantly changed from 26.4 ± 12.9 mm, 17.1 ± 3.3 mm to 22.6 ± 13.0 mm, 21.6 ± 3.4 mm. ΔC1–2 CA was correlated with ΔC1–7 CA and ΔC2–7 SVA. ΔPADI correlates with ΔO–C2 CA. VAS correlates with ΔC1–7 CA (p = 0.03). JOA score also correlates with ΔC2–7 SVA (p = 0.02). NDI was associated with ΔPADI (p < 0.01). The incidence of PSK was 23.7%, and not significant with clinical outcomes.Conclusion: ΔC1–2 CA was correlated with ΔC1C7 CA, ΔC2–7 SVA. ΔC1–7 CA, ΔC2–7 SVA, and ΔPADI were the key radiologic parameters to influence clinical outcomes. Postoperative C1–2 angle should be carefully determined as a factor affecting clinical outcomes and cervical sagittal alignment.
Psychometric Properties of the Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (Version 22r) Domains Among Adults With Spinal Deformity: A Rasch Measurement Theory Analysis
Authors: Kyrölä Kati , Hiltunen Susanna , Uimonen Mikko M. , Ylinen Jari , Häkkinen Arja , Repo Jussi P.
Published: May 2022

Objective: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) have lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to the general population. Applying Rasch measurement theory (RMT), this study tested the revised Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22r) HRQoL instrument among symptomatic adult patients with degenerative spinal disorders and varying degrees of ASD.Methods: SRS-22r data from 637 outpatient spine clinic patients with degenerative spine conditions were investigated for unidimensionality, item/scale fit, differential item functioning (DIF), scale coverage/targeting, and person separation index (PSI) using RMT.Results: Unidimensionality of the SRS-22r was not supported for either the total score or for 3 of its 5 domains. Item fit was acceptable for 11/22 items. The individual domains showed good coverage despite the degree of structural disorders. Ordered thresholds were achieved by merging response categories in some of the items. DIF towards age or sex was found in 11/22 items and in some domain items. The PSI exceeded 0.7 for the SRS-22r total score.Conclusion: The individual domain scores of the SRS-22r perform better than the total score providing good coverage and targeting among patients with ASD. Refinements of items and domains may improve the structural validity of the instrument to meet the criteria for measuring ASD patients, even when multidimensionality persists.
Impact of Radiation Therapy on Outcomes After Spinal Instrumentation for Craniocervical Junction Malignancies
Authors: Muir Matthew , Rhines Laurence , Demonte Franco , Tatsui Claudio , Raza Shaan M.
Published: May 2022

Objective: Spinal reconstruction after resection of invasive craniocervical junction malignancies is fraught with technical and management considerations as well as a paucity of data in the existing literature. In this study, we describe our experience with craniocervical junction malignancies, especially the influence of radiation on the need for revision spinal instrumentation.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent occipitocervical fixation between 2011 and 2019 at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.Results: Twenty-five patients had primary malignancies and 12 (30%) had metastatic tumors. Thirteen (33%) underwent a staged resection in multiple operations during their hospital stay. Tumor resection was performed in 19 patients (48%), while only stabilization was performed in 21 patients (52%). Nine patients (23%) underwent expanded endoscopic transclival approaches for tumor resection, 10 patients (25%) an extreme lateral approach, and 2 patients (5%) an anterior open approach. Eleven patients underwent early postoperative radiation therapy (within 3 months) and 8 underwent delayed radiation therapy (between 3 months and 1 year in 7 patients). The revision rate was 8%, with a median time to revision surgery of 42 months. The administration and timing of adjuvant radiation therapy relative to surgery had no significant effect on the need for instrumentation revision on log-rank and Cox regression analyses (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Revision surgery was needed infrequently in our patients. Postoperative radiation therapy was not associated with hardware failure, indicating that the timing of radiation therapy should be dictated by the diagnosis and can be initiated postoperatively without delay.
Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopy and Microtubular Technology for the Treatment of Lumbar Dumbbell-Shaped Tumors
Authors: Wang Rui , Liang Ze Yan , Chen Yan , Chen Chun Mei
Published: May 2022

Objective: To analyze differences in feasibility and efficacy between the paravertebral approach and microtubular tumorectomy (PAMT) or percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic tumorectomy (PTET) for the treatment of lumbar dumbbell-shaped tumors.Methods: Clinical data of dumbbell-shaped lumbar tumors in patients treated with PAMT or PTET in our hospital between June 2015 and November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The gross total resection (GTR) rate, operation time, estimated blood loss, postoperative hospital stay (PHS), postoperative neurological function, and spinal stability were compared between the 2 surgical methods. Neurological improvement was assessed using the pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score.Results: Fifteen cases of GTR (93.8%) and 1 case of subtotal resection were included in the PTET group, whilst all 18 patients in the PAMT group achieved GTR. There was no significant difference in the GTR rate, operation time, and PHS between the PAMT and PTET groups. The estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the PTET group than in the PAMT group. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the VAS or JOA scores between PTET and PAMT. No tumor recurrence or spinal instability was observed in either group during the follow-up period.Conclusion: Both PAMT and PTET can achieve Eden type III-IV lumbar 1-stage tumor resection without additional spinal internal fixation due to reduced muscle, ligament, and facet joint damage. No lumbar instability and tumor recurrence occurred, and neurological function was improved.
Recent Molecular and Genetic Findings in Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors
Authors: Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishimura Yusuke , Eguchi Kaoru , Yamaguchi Junya , Haimoto Shoichi , Ohka Fumiharu , Takayasu Masakazu , Saito Ryuta
Published: May 2022

The study of genetic alterations and molecular biology in central nervous system (CNS) tumors has improved the accuracy of estimations of patient prognosis and tumor categorization. Therefore, the updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification includes various diagnostic genes, molecules, and pathways for diagnosis, as well as histological findings. These findings are expected both to have diagnostic applications and to facilitate new targeted therapies that target tumor-specific genetic changes and molecular biology. Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) are rare CNS tumors that are difficult to treat because they occur in eloquent areas. Although the genetic underpinnings of IMSCTs remain unclear compared to their intracranial counterparts, the genetic characteristics of these tumors are gradually being revealed. Here, we describe the major changes in the new 2021 WHO classification and review the major types of IMSCTs, with an emphasis on their clinical features and genetic alterations.
Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and hepatic glucose mobilization: A half‐century of uncertainty
Authors: Rodgers Robert L.
Published: May 2022

For at least 50 years, the prevailing view has been that the adenylate cyclase (AC)/cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A pathway is the predominant signal mediating the hepatic glucose‐mobilizing actions of glucagon. A wealth of evidence, however, supports the alternative, that the operative signal most of the time is the phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol‐phosphate (IP3)/calcium/calmodulin pathway. The evidence can be summarized as follows: (1) The consensus threshold glucagon concentration for activating AC ex vivo is 100 pM, but the statistical hepatic portal plasma glucagon concentration range, measured by RIA, is between 28 and 60 pM; (2) Within that physiological concentration range, glucagon stimulates the PLC/IP3 pathway and robustly increases glucose output without affecting the AC/cAMP pathway; (3) Activation of a latent, amplified AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations below 60 pM is very unlikely; and (4) Activation of the PLC/IP3 pathway at physiological concentrations produces intracellular effects that are similar to those produced by activation of the AC/cAMP pathway at concentrations above 100 pM, including elevated intracellular calcium and altered activities and expressions of key enzymes involved in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogen synthesis. Under metabolically stressful conditions, as in the early neonate or exercising adult, plasma glucagon concentrations often exceed 100 pM, recruiting the AC/cAMP pathway and enhancing the activation of PLC/IP3 pathway to boost glucose output, adaptively meeting the elevated systemic glucose demand. Whether the AC/cAMP pathway is consistently activated in starvation or diabetes is not clear. Because the importance of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes is becoming increasingly evident, it is even more urgent now to resolve lingering uncertainties and definitively establish glucagon’s true mechanism of glycemia regulation in health and disease.
Moral value in "Osakat Anak Asmat" story written by Ani Sekarningsih
Authors: Purnamasari Jelita
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to study the moral values and character education in the story Osakat Anak Asmat by Ani Sekarningsih which was used as teaching material. The method is descriptive qualitative with an approach of content analysis. The data are written words from a subject that has been observed. The subject of this study is the story. Data analysis contains the value of character education that is contained in the story. The results showed that: (1) nine characters values were issued by the Ministry of National Education and Culture, namely independence, discipline, social care, curiosity, friendly/communicative, religious, hard work, creativity, and rewarding achievement; (2) four moral characters can be emulated, namely obedience to parents, sharing or giving, patience, and wise; and (3) three behaviors are not exemplary, namely irresponsible, discouraging friends and jealousy.
Looking through cinema: Representation of racial identity development in Amma Asante’s Belle movie
Authors: Deva Cucyliya Ernia , Khoiri Much
Published: May 2022

This research studied the concept of racial identity development of the main character in Amma Asante’s movie Belle. This research also describes the social relations between the main character’s identity development and women’s agency. The analysis is founded on the theory of racial identity development and the sociology of literature. The results showed that, in Belle movie, the main character experiences all the rounds of racial identity development which challenges her agency to make the social change she wanted. Thus, these two subtopics correlated with each other that also represented how the racial identity development and the women’s agency influence the socio-cultural life of the main character in understanding her existence among other beings.
Three speakers’ perspectives on experience in Taylor Swift’s selected lyrics from Folklore album
Authors: Max Jonathan Irene Sartika Dewi
Published: May 2022

Pop songs are now an important means of expression for the modern generation. Academicians must consider this phenomenon as the object of language studies. This research attempts to analyze three songs in a Grammy-winning album of 2021, Folklore. Song lyrics in Betty, Cardigan, and August, written by Taylor Swift have the quality of narrative poetry (ballads) for having the characteristics of storytelling voiced by a different speaker in each song. The purpose of this research is to show how the varying amounts of transitivity process types in each lyric suggest different perspectives on reality. It uses a stylistic approach to expose the linguistic features that allow the speakers to portray diverse perspectives after going through a difficult relationship. As he apologizes to his partner, the speaker in Betty uses material process significantly to reconstruct the outer experiences. In Cardigan, the speaker emphasizes mental processes, incorporating her personal experience into her knowledge and memory. However, in August, the speaker uses both material and relational processes in equal proportions as she battles with her status in the relationship. Hence, listeners could identify with the various speakers' individual experiences as expressed in the lyrics.
Against sexual harassment in workplace as seen in Bombshell movie (2019)
Authors: Abiet Wahyu Lucky , Prastiwi Yeny
Published: May 2022

This article aims to empower woman to fight sexual harassment in workplace as seen in how characters of the film find out what steps were taken in the Bombshell movie (2019) in fighting sexual harassment by Roger Ailes, the CEO of FOX News that based on actual event that happened on 2006.  To reach the aim of the study, the author uses qualitative method, and uses the liberal feminism theory of Tong (2009). The data sources were taken from the movie itself and several previous article that have been published between 2011 - 2021 which have been selected according to the topic discussed. The results of this research are, there are several ways shown by some of the characters from this film in fighting sexual harassment, in physical resistance, Gretchen shows it by the way she dares to report the lewd acts committed by Roger Ailes to the authorities. Meanwhile, the fight against verbal sexual harassment is shown by Megyn Kelly's character who firmly opposes the oppression of women which done by Trump, when he is present on her talk show, and the second is shown through Megyn Kelly's dexterity in motivating victims to get up and speak up about Roger Ailes' bad habits.
Social criticism in Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer
Authors: Abubakar Multazam , Muthi'ah Muthi'ah , Tsuraya Annisa Shofa
Published: May 2022

Exploring literary work means exploring the social condition of the place where the work created. The function of literary work is not only to amuse but also to criticize. Social criticism implies that many authors convey their view and critics toward their society using literary work. Thus, it is essential to study social criticism in particular literary works. This study is aimed at identifying the social condition of the English society when the work published and to reveal how the author presented the social criticism in his work. Library research was used in this study. The approach that applied was genetic structuralism since any attempt to evaluate a literary work should be in the light of its social context and the proper conditions under which it has been produced. Having analyzed She Stoops to Conquer, it was found that in the eighteen century the English society was to absorbed in vanity and affectation. Most people, especially women, put fashion and physical appearance at the most. The author criticized various aspects of life, including lifestyle, social class and family relationship. The author presented his social criticism through the dialogue and attitude of the characters of the play.
Scrutinising Eurocentric stereotypes against Afrocentric underpinnings of beauty through Kopano Matlwa’s Coconut
Authors: Montle Malesela Eddie
Published: May 2022

This paper has probed into stereotypical attitudes towards Afrocentric underpinnings of beauty through Kopano Matlwa’s Coconut. The genesis of these stereotypes against African beauty could be traced from the colonisation of the African continent. It is the interface between Africa and the West that engendered a shift of identities, which resulted in many Afrocentric depictions assimilated d by Western influence. Despite the decolonisation attempts, the Eurocentric notions that had defined Africa during the colonial period persist in galvanising stereotypes that marginalise Africans, especially those that embrace Afrocentric ideas of beauty in the post-colonial age. Today, Africa is besieged with remnants of colonialism, which include Eurocentric ideals of beauty. This paper employed the qualitative method to scrutinise the stereotypes against Afrocentric beauty through the literary criticism of Matlwa’s novel, Coconut.  It is undergirded by the theory of Afrocentricity, which has been utilised as a lens to crystalise the indigenous African identities and their relevance today. It finds that these Eurocentric notions have navigated through the peripheries of post-colonial Africa and influenced societal reactions, attitudes and perceptions of beauty. This is reflected in Matlwa’s Coconut where African beauty is stigmatised and disparaged whereas Eurocentric ideals of beauty are exalted.
Reception analysis of Indonesian audience towards physical and verbal violence on series Squid Game (2021) by Hwang Dong-Hyuk
Authors: Widodo Jordy Satria
Published: May 2022

Korean film has been rampantly surging all over the world, particularly in Indonesia. Moreover, Squid Game (2021) by Hwang Dong-Hyuk is popular in the country due to its plot and settings which present the real condition of the gap between upper-class and lower-middle class urban people in South Korea. It becomes intriguing for Indonesian audience because it shows the happening fact not only in South Korea but also similarly in Indonesia. The research was aimed at investigating Indonesian audience’s responses on physical and verbal violence depicted on Squid Game series (2021) by Hwang Dong-Hyuk. The research used the qualitative approach with reception analysis method by Stuart Hall. There are four audiences who become the informants of this research coming from urban workers and Korean film enthusiasts. The data collection technique was done through interviews as well as document analysis. The result showed that the informants’ reception towards the scenes are varying due to the situation and context that set the scenes which present different uses of physical and verbal violence.
Evaluation of biological effects of graphene oxide using Drosophila
Authors: Strilbytska Olha , Semaniuk Uliana , Burdyliuk Nadia , Lushchak Oleh
Published: May 2022

Graphene and its derivatives have attracted great interest because of their intriguing physical and chemical properties. An increasing phase of commercial production causes the presence of graphene in the environment and might pose a great threat to a wide range of living organisms, including bacteria, viruses, plants, invertebrates and mammals, including humans. In the present study, the graphene oxide (GO) at low doses was evaluated for its biological effects on larvae and the imago of Drosophila melanogaster. Oral administration of GO at concentrations of 0.02-1% has a beneficial effect on the developmental rate and hatching ability of larvae. Long-term administration of a low dose of GO extends Drosophila lifespan and significantly enhances resistance to environmental stresses. We also found that GO exposure led to a remarkable decrease in the level of hemolymph glucose, glycogen and triglycerides storage. These suggest about GO affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult Drosophila. These findings might provide a useful reference to assess the biological effects of GO, which could play an important role in a variety of graphene-based biomedical applications.
Effect of synthesis method on the structural behavior of CaFeO2.5 compound
Authors: Rihia G. , Mahboub M.S. , Zeroual S. , Mimouni M. , Ben Ali O. , Boulahbel H. , Ghougali M.
Published: May 2022

CaFeO2.5 samples were synthesized by solid solution, mirror furnace and Sol-gel methods. The effect of the synthesis method on the behavior structure was investigated. Phase structures are comparatively characterized and studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction. Experimental results have revealed that the synthesis method has a strong influence on the structure of the studied compounds. All samples obtained by the three methods are crystallized in the Pnma orthorhombic system.  We obtained the best results in the case of the Sol-gel technique. In the Sol-gel method, the lattice parameters obtained are a=5.41631 Å, b= 14.73899 Å and c=5.58790 Å. Also, the value of the average crystallite size D=52.03 nm and the dislocation density δ=3.69x1010/cm². Since the values ​​of the lattice parameters in this method were the smallest of the three methods, which exhibiting a weak shrink of the volume compared to the solid solution and mirror furnace one. This shrinking is a natural result of the decrease in the value of the average crystallite size and the increase of dislocation density, with a reason for the inverse relationship between them. This allows us to conclude the importance of the Sol-gel method for obtaining CaFeO2.5 nanoscale compound.
Structural and electrical properties of sulfur-doped graphene oxide/graphite oxide composite
Authors: Abaszade R.G. , Mamedov A.G. , Bayramov I.Y. , Khanmamadova E.A. , Kotsyubynsky V.O. , Kapush O.A. , Boychuk V.M. , Gur E.Y.
Published: May 2022

The sulfur-doped graphene oxide/graphite oxide composite material was synthesized in an original way, and a detailed study of its structural arrangement was carried out using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Negative differential resistive properties of the obtained material were observed on the current-voltage curve at room temperature as a result of limited proton hopping through water molecules adsorbed on the hydrophilic surface of graphene oxide layers in the presence of a sulfur-enriched graphite oxide component with high electron conductivity, which promotes spatial charge separation and increases the efficiency of H+ transport. The obtained result offers a new way for the one-pot synthesis of new graphene-based composite materials with a wide range of possible applications.
Hilbert problem with measurable data for semilinear equations of the Vekua type
Authors: Gutlyanskiĭ V.Ya. , Nesmelova O.V. , Ryazanov V.I. , Yefimushkin A.S.
Published: May 2022

We prove the existence of solutions for the Hilbert boundary-value problem with arbitrary measurable data for the nonlinear equations of the Vekua’s type ∂z f (z ) = h (z )q(f (z )). The found solutions differ from the classical ones, because our approach is based on the notion of boundary values in the sense of angular limits along nontangential paths. The results obtained can be applied to the establishment of existence theorems for the Poincaré and Neumann boundary-value problems for the nonlinear Poisson equations of the form ΔU (z )=H (z )Q(U (z )) with arbitrary measurable boundary data with respect to the logarithmic capacity. They can be also applied to the study of some semilinear equations of mathematical physics modeling such processes as the diffusion with absorption, plasma states, stationary burning etc. in anisotropic and inhomogeneous media.
The description of the automorphism groups of finite-dimensional cyclic Leibniz algebras
Authors: Kurdachenko L.A. , Pypka O.O. , Subbotin I.Ya.
Published: May 2022

In the study of Leibniz algebras, the information about their automorphisms (as well as about endomorphisms, derivations, etc.) is very useful. We describe the automorphism groups of finite-dimensional cyclic Leibniz algebras. In particular, we consider the natural relationships between Leibniz algebras, groups and modules over associative rings.
Аналіз високочастотної модуляції несучих гармонік періодично нестаціонарного випадкового сигналу
Authors: Яворський І.М. , Юзефович Р.М. , Личак О.В.
Published: May 2022

Проведено аналіз кореляційних і спектральних властивостей періодично нестаціонарного випадкового сиг-налу (ПНВС), несучі гармоніки якого модульовані за амплітудою та фазою високочастотними стаціонарнозв’язаними випадковими процесами. Показано, що кореляційні функції сигналу та його перетворенняГільберта є однаковими, а їх взаємокореляційні функції мають протилежні знаки. Отримано представлен-ня вузькосмугового ПНВС у вигляді стаціонарних, але періодично-нестаціонарно зв’язаних компонент. По-казано можливості виділення й аналізу їх квадратур з використанням перетворення Гільберта.
Чисельний розв’язок задачі про розповсюдження електропружних хвиль в суцільному п’єзокерамічному циліндрі
Authors: Григоренко О.Я. , Лоза І.А. , Сперкач С.О. , Безугла А.Д.
Published: May 2022

Дослідження поширення вільних осесисиметричних хвиль в суцільному п’єзоелектричному циліндрі з осьовоюполяризацією здійснюється на основі лінійної теорії пружності і лінійного електромеханічного зв’язку. Бічнаповерхня циліндра вільна від навантажень та вкрита тонкими електродами, до яких підведена знакозмінна різ-ниця потенціалів Побудовано розв’язувальну систему диференціальних рівнянь в частинних похідних зі змінни-ми коефіцієнтами. Тривимірна задача теорії електропружностi в частинних похідних (шляхом представленнякомпонентів тензора пружності, компонент векторів переміщень, електричної індукції та електростатичногопотенціалу біжучими хвилями в осьовому напрямку) зведена до крайової задачі на власні значення для звичай-них диференціальних рівнянь. Отриману задачу розв’язано стійким методом дискретної ортогоналізації разомз методом покрокового пошуку. Запропонований підхід дозволяє дослідити характер розповсюдження елек-тропружних біжучих хвиль для випадку неперевно-неоднорідного матеріалу суцільного циліндра. Розглянутовипадок, коли властивості матеріалу змінюються за степеневим законом по товщині. Наведено спектральніхарактеристики біжучих хвиль для однорідних та неоднорідних матеріалів та проведено порівняльний аналіз.
Пружна крутильна хвиля і відповідне нове нелінійне хвильове рівняння
Authors: Рущицький Я.Я.
Published: May 2022

Запропоновано нове нелінійне хвильове рівняння, яке описує поширення крутильної хвилі як один з типівпружних циліндричних хвиль. Рівняння отримане за допомогою інструментів нелінійної теорії пружності врамках п’ятиконстантної моделі Мернагана. Воно містить крім класичних лінійних доданків лише кубічнонелінійні. Прокоментовано деякі особливості рівняння.
До методики визначення поперечного тензоопору в багатодолинних напівпровідниках
Authors: Гайдар Г.П.
Published: May 2022

Досліджено поперечний (струм у зразка орієнтований перпендикулярно до осі деформації) і поздовжній(струм спрямований уздовж осі деформації) тензоопори високоомних кристалів n-Si. Обчислено параметранізотропії рухливості K для цих двох випадків. Встановлено збіг (у межах похибок експериментів) одер-жаних значень параметра K у разі проходження струму вздовж напрямку деформування і перпендикуляр-но до нього. На кристалах n-Ge підтверджено надійність методики вимірювань поперечного тензоопоруза допомогою обчислення параметра анізотропії рухливості із залученням даних двох незалежних експери-ментів. Одержано хороший збіг значень параметра анізотропії K, обчислених за даними вимірювань тількипоздовжнього тензоопору та за даними вимірювань поздовжнього і поперечного тензоопорів. Експеримен-тально підтверджено, що в умовах сильної направленої пружної деформації стиснення (за відсутностіпрояву компонент деформації зсуву в кристалах n-Si) відбуваються лише відносні зміщення ізоенергетич-них еліпсоїдів у багатодолинних напівпровідниках за шкалою енергій, однак форма еліпсоїдів залишаєтьсяпрактично незмінною.
Особливості кристалічної структури нітриду титану в композиті cBN—TiN—Al, спеченому при високих тиску і температурі
Authors: Білявина Н.М. , Стратійчук Д.А. , Наконечна О.І. , Авраменко Т.Г. , Курилюк А.М. , Туркевич В.З.
Published: May 2022

Методом рентгенівської дифракції детально досліджено кристалічну структуру TiN, який поряд з cBN і продуктами реакційної взаємодії компонентів шихти (TiB2 та AlN) існує в композитах, отриманих HPHТ- спіканням (7, 7 ГПа, 1750–2300 °С) шихти складу 60 об. % cBN, 35 об. % TiN та 5 об. % Al. На основі рентге- ноструктурних розрахунків для кристалічної структури нітриду TiN запропоновано модель модифікованої структури типу NaCl, яка характеризується наявністю додаткових атомів азоту, що статистично розміщуються по вершинах октаедрів, розташованих навколо наявних вакансій атомів азоту з основної ґратки типу NaCl. Показано, що в процесі HPHT-спікання TiN виступає як джерело додаткового азотування поверхні композита, яке найефективніше діє в інтервалі температур 2000–2150 °С, в якому зафіксовано максимальну величину мікротвердості композита cBN—TiN—Al в 31—32 ГПа.
Про імпактну природу Іллінецької кільцевої структури за даними градієнтів сили тяжіння
Authors: Дубовенко Ю.І. , Чорна О.А.
Published: May 2022

Узагальнено і доповнено матеріали геологічної будови і геофізичної вивченості Іллінецької кільцевої структури на південно-західному схилі Українського щита. Здійснено моделювання будови центральної частини кратера за даними спільного аналізу 2D і 3D моделей поля сили тяжіння та його трансформант – модулів горизонтального градієнта сили тяжіння. У результаті моделювання виявлено періодичний хвиле подібний характер деструкції вмісних порід у центрі структури. Фронт деструк ції окреслено за даними аналітичного продовження вверх на 1 км спостереженого поля сили тяжіння над центром кратера. Ці результати можна трактувати на користь додаткового підтвердження імпактної гіпотези щодо генезису Іллінецької структури. З позицій хвильового процесу оцінено наближені параметри імпактної події – масу метеороїда, глибину проникнення і енергію вибуху. Ці оцінки на понад 5 % відхиляються від відомих з літератури даних. Оцінка 2, 57 · 10 25 ерг вкладається в діапазон енергії для імпактних подій середнього масштабу.
Синтез і кристалічна структура шаруватих перовськітів SrLa1–xGdxScO4
Authors: Тітов Ю.О. , Слободяник М.С. , Струтинська Н.Ю. , Чумак В.В.
Published: May 2022

Визначені умови ізовалентного заміщення атомів лантану на атоми гадолінію в шаруватій перовськітоподібній структурі скандатів SrLa1–xGdxScO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0, 8). Методом Рітвельда визначена ромбічна (просторова група Abma) кристалічна структура фаз складу SrLa1–xGdxScO4 зі ступенями заміщення атомів лантану 0, 2, 0, 4, 0, 6 та 0, 8. Основними структурними одиницями SrLa1–xGdxScO4 є двовимірні перовськітоподібні блоки завтовшки в один шар сполучених вершинами деформованих октаедрів ScO6. Суміжні блоки розділені шаром поліедрів (Sr, La, Gd)О9. Безпосередні зв’язки Sc—O—Sc між октаедрами сусідніх блоків відсутні. Блоки зв’язані між собою за допомогою —O—(Sr, La, Gd)—O— зв’язків. Аналіз кристалохімічних параметрів синтезованих фаз показав, що внаслідок ізовалентного заміщення атомів лантану на менші атоми гадолінію в шаруватій структурі SrLa1–xGdxScO4 відбувається поступове зменшення довжини міжблокових зв’язків (Sr, La, Gd)—О2 (з 0, 2378(7) нм при х = 0 до 0, 230(1) нм при х = 0, 8). Зменшення відстані між перовськітоподібними блоками наближає будову двовимірної шаруватої перовськітоподібної структури SrLa1–xGdxScO4 до будови тривимір- ного перовськіту, що врешті призводить до її руйнування при х > 0, 8 і дає підстави для висновку, що саме цей фактор обумовлює обмеженість області твердих розчинів SrLa1–xGdxScO4 з шаруватою перовськітоподібною структурою (0 ≤ х ≤ 0, 8) та відсутність сполуки SrGdScO4. Проведено зіставлення особливостей будови ша- руватої структури ізовалентнозаміщених зразків систем SrLa1–xGdxScO4 та Sr1–xCaxLaScO4.
Вплив авермектинвмісних поліфункціональних біостимуляторів на стійкість пшениці до сольового стресу
Authors: Пушкарьова Н.О. , Плоховська С.Г. , Горюнова І.І. , Бузіашвілі А.Ю. , Мельничук О.В. , Пастухова Н.Л. , Чугункова Т.В. , Ємець А.І. , Блюм Я.Б.
Published: May 2022

Сольовий стрес негативно впливає на ріст і розвиток рослин, особливо на ранніх етапах онтогенезу. Для подолання негативних наслідків стресу перспективним є використання поліфункціональних авермектинвмісних біостимуляторів бактеріального походження, зокрема Аверкому та Аверкому Нова. Мета досладження полягала у з’ясуванні впливу цих біопрепаратів на стійкість пшениці (сорти Елегія Миронівська, Оксамит Миронівський та Злата) до сольового стресу. Встановлено, що попередня обробка насіння препаратом Аверком забезпечує протекторний вплив на ріст і розвиток рослин пшениці на ранніх етапах розвитку (до 14 діб) за умов їх вирощування в присутності 100 мM NaCl. Водночас Аверком Нова виявися більш ефективним у разі тривалого вирощування пшениці в умовах сольового стресу.
137Cs circulation in forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone (Plant)
Authors: Zarubina N.Ye.
Published: May 2022

Seasonal changes in the content of 137Cs in plants of the forest ecosystems on the territory of the Chornobyl exclusion zone have been studied. Samples were selected from 2013 till 2015 once per two weeks. The studied objects were one- and two-year-old needles and branches of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris). The 137Cs content was measured by the gamma spectrometry. In the needles and branches of P. sylvestris, the maximum values of 137Cs concentration are noted in the summer. The minimum values of 137Cs content in the studied organs of P. sylvestris are characteristic of the autumn-winter period. Probably, the annual fluctuations in the content of this radionuclide in various organs of the studied plants are a consequence of the existence of the constant circulation of 137Cs in the forest ecosystems, as a result of which this radionuclide not only gets from the soil into P. sylvestris, but is also excreted from its living tissues.
Rodents of the family Gliridae in the collection of the Museum of Nature at V. N. Karazin University of Kharkiv
Authors:   Museum of Nature at Vasyl Karazin National University of Kharkiv (Kharkiv, Ukraine), Iliukhin Yuriy
Published: May 2022

The family Gliridae is represented in the collection of the Museum of Nature (MNKU) by 39 specimens of 2 species that belong to two subfamilies. The species Glis glis is presented by three specimens, whereas Dryomys nitedula by 36 specimens. A complete list of specimens with all of their data (except body dimensions) is given. The oldest specimens in the collection are dated to the 19th and early 20th centuries: a mounted specimen of Dryomys nitedula was made in 1879; a mounted Glis glis specimen was made in 1879; two study skins of Dryomys nitedula were prepared in 1904 and 1908, respectively. Most collection specimens of glirids date back to the 1930s and 1940s. The geography of specimens covers the territory from Austria to Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Tajikistan. Most of the samples (33) were collected in Ukraine, of which 31 specimens of D. nitedula originates from Khar¬kiv Oblast and make up a substantial regional comparative sample. Thirteen specimens of D. nitedula represent animals born in captivity to two females captured in the wild; all of them are dated, which allows the pace of their development to be studied. The comparison of the Gliridae collection of MNKU with collections of three other museums of Ukraine — zoological department of the National Museum of Natural History NAS of Ukraine in Kyiv (NMNH), Zoological Museum of Lviv University (ZMD), and Zoological Museum of Luhansk University (ZMLU) — is presented. The MNKU collection ranks third after NMNH and ZMD by the number of species and specimens represented, but it is substantially ahead of ZMD by the number of D. nitedula specimens (33 against 7). The MNKU collection also includes more specimens of D. nitedula (4) from the Central Asian region (2 from Tajikistan and 2 from Kazakhstan); in other museums, there are only 3 specimens from Kyrgyzstan: 2 specimens in NMNH and 1 specimen in ZMD. Specimens of Gliridae dated to the 19th century are present only in the collection of MNKU. The collection material is both exhibited as mounted specimens and stored as study skins in scientific collections. The collection of the family Gliridae is in good condition and it can be used for scientific and educational purposes.
Bats (Chiroptera) of Transnistrian underground shelters based on results of the 2020–2021 census
Authors:   Institute of Zoology of the Republic of Moldova (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova), Marareskul Vladislav A. ,   Yagorlyk State Nature Reserve (Dubossary, Republic of Moldova), Marareskul Victoria I. ,   Yagorlyk State Nature Reserve (Dubossary, Republic of Moldova), Aptekov Alexander A. ,   Yagorlyk State Nature Reserve (Dubossary, Republic of Moldova)
Published: May 2022

This report presents data on the species composition of bats inhabiting underground structures and complexes on the left bank of the Dnister River according to survey results for 2020–2021. Field studies of bats (order Chiroptera) inhabiting underground shelters of the left bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Dnister were conducted from August 2020 to October 2021. In total, we found 26 underground sites and complexes potentially suitable for bats in Transnistria and in 15 of them we counted their number and species composition. Most of the detected underground objects are of anthropogenic origin (former industrial tunnels for limestone mining and manual mining), and only 2 of natural origin — a shallow cave in the village of Rascov, Camenca District and a karst cave in the village of Mikhailovka, Rybnitsa District. The identified objects formed the basis of the first detailed cadastre of underground structures of the left bank of the Dnister and adjacent areas. Each underground facility was mapped with exact GPS coordinates and assigned a corresponding index and serial number. According to the survey results, 8 species of bats were recorded: Rhinolophus hipposideros, Myotis blythii, Myotis bechsteinii, Myotis daubentonii, Myotis dasycneme, Plecotus auritus, Plecotus austriacus, and Eptesicus serotinus. The most widespread and frequently encountered species in the studied area are the lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros and Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii. The rare species include the brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus and the grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus. The pond bat Myotis dasycneme and Bechstein’s bay Myotis bechsteinii are considered extremely rare, and the latter has never been recorded in Transnistria before. Based on the obtained data and in order to preserve the species diversity of bats, we identified a number of underground complexes as key objects of primary importance in the life of bats during hibernation and their breeding season.
The incisive foramen as character in distinguishing morphologically similar species of mammals
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine, Zagorodniuk Igor
Published: May 2022

An analysis of the morphology and variability of the size and shape of a key morphological structure in the rostral part of the skull—the incisive foramen—has been carried out. It is shown that incisive foramina are variable morphological structures, the features of which are group-specific (at the level of genera and families), and in some cases also species-specific. At both these levels, the shape and size of the incisive foramen have features that can serve as criteria for species identification by osteological patterns. Their location is important for diagnosis because these structures are preserved in most specimens that have suffered various kinds of damage (e.g. in fodder residues of carnivorous mammals or in owl pellets), and their placement in the anterior part of the bony palate as well as them being protected from the sides with rows of teeth makes these structures invulnerable to trauma-related variation. It is shown that there is a specific structure (size, location, and shape) of incisive foramina at the level of taxonomic groups of all ranks, from orders to species. The analysis was performed mainly on the examples of different groups of rodents as an order, represented by the largest number of pairs of close species. Examples with several different groups, in particular with different pairs of species of voles, mice, mole rats, ground squirrels, and others are considered. Examples with differences in close pairs of species in other groups (white-toothed shrews, polecats, roe deer, etc.) are also known. In all pairs of related species, a pattern was found, according to which species that are restricted to steppe ecosystems have the smallest incisive foramina, while species from wetland habitats have large ones. In many cases, groups of genera and families well differ in the shape and location of incisive foramina, and close pairs of species differ well in the size of these structures (primarily in length), although it is important to always consider the ontogenetic age of specimens: in young individuals, the incisive foramina are naturally small, similar to incisive foramina in other species, which are characterized by small incisive foramina in general. Based on the known data on the role of incisive foramina and the Jacobson organ in the life of mammals, hypotheses have been considered that may explain the differences in species and genera by the structure (size, location, and shape) of incisive foramina.
The Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans) in Belarus: distribution, abundance, threats, and conservation
Authors:   Brest Regional Branch of NGO ‘Ahova Ptushak Batskaoshchyny’ (Brest, Republic of Belarus), Abramchuk Andrey V.
Published: May 2022

The Siberian flying squirrel (Pteromys volans L.) is one of the most poorly studied mammal species in the Belarusian fauna. In Belarus, the species inhabits the south-western border of its distribution range. Despite a multitude of its high conservation statuses, as well as extremely scarce information on the species’ distribution and biology in the country, no special studies on the species have been conducted. The last reliably documented record of the flying squirrel was made more than 20 years ago, in 1996, in Viciebsk District, in the territory of Suražski forestry [Red Data... 2015]. Other information on the state of the population, distribution of the species, or individual registrations in Belarus for the last 20 years (1996–2017) lacks in the literature. We found more than 100 territorial sites of the Syberian flying squirrel in Viciebsk and Haradok districts in 2017–2020. Potential habitats of the species in other districts of the Viciebsk and Minsk regions were also surveyed. This allowed us to establish the borders of the modern distribution area of the species in Belarus, to estimate its current population, and to study some aspects of ecology of the species. At present, the species inhabits less than 1% of the territory of Belarus, but its density in optimal habitats is relatively high. A number of publications, as far back as the last century, indicate a much wider distribution of the species in the country. Therefore, it is possible to indicate a substantial shrinkage of the species’ distribution area during the last 50–100 years. Taking into account the insignificant area of the modern distribution of the species along with the key threats and current forest management tendencies, it is possible to assert with certainty that in the absence of special protection measures, the flying squirrel might soon be gone extinct in Belarus. Some of the habitats we have identified are currently protected by land users. In addition, we have proposed a number of activities within the framework of Management plan development necessary for its conservation, as well as those aimed at further studying, including the possible restoration of its historical range.