bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing a data repository to support interdisciplinary research into childhood stunting: a UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub protocol paper
Authors: Conway-Moore Kaitlin , Tetsa Tata Darius , Wood Peter , Katerinchuk Val , Yadav D M Dinesh , Augustine Little Flower , Munikumar Manne , Diop Assana , Tairou Fassiatou , Jobarteh Modou Lamin , Kulkarni Bharati , Faye Babacar , Haggarty Paul , Heffernan Claire
Published: June 2024

Introduction

As a topic of inquiry in its own right, data management for interdisciplinary research projects is in its infancy. Key issues include the inability of researchers to effectively query diverse data outputs and to identify potentially important synergies between discipline-specific data. Equally problematic, few semantic ontologies exist to better support data organisation and discovery. Finally, while interdisciplinary research is widely regarded as beneficial to unpacking complex problems, non-researchers such as policy-makers and planners often struggle to use and interrogate the related datasets. To address these issues, the following article details the design and development of the UKRI GCRF Action Against Stunting Hub (AASH)’s All-Hub Data Repository (AHDR).

Methods and analysis

The AHDR is a single application, single authentication web-based platform comprising a data warehouse to store data from across the AASH’s three study countries and to support data querying. Four novel components of the AHDR are described in the following article: (1) a unique data discovery tool; (2) a metadata catalogue that provides researchers with an interface to explore the AASH’s data outputs and engage with a new semantic ontology related to child stunting; (3) an interdisciplinary aid to support a directed approach to identifying synergies and interactions between AASH data and (4) a decision support tool that will support non-researchers in engaging with the wider evidence-based outputs of the AASH.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study was granted by institutional ethics committees in the UK, India, Indonesia and Senegal. Results will be disseminated via publications in peer-reviewed journals; presentations at international conferences and community-level public engagement events; key stakeholder meetings; and in public repositories with appropriate Creative Commons licences allowing for the widest possible use.
How is vaping promoted in an illegal market? A qualitative study of Singaporeans’ social media encounters
Authors: Tan Grace Ping Ping , Tan Xian Zhen , van der Eijk Yvette
Published: June 2024

Background

Although Singapore has completely banned vaping, it is heavily promoted on social media. This study explored vaping-related social media content that Singaporeans are exposed to, and how it shapes vaping-related perceptions and experiences in the context of Singapore’s strict regulations.

Methods

We held 10 focus group discussions with 63 Singaporeans aged 21–40 years, with diversity by sociodemographics, smoking history, vaping history and self-reported exposure to vaping-related social media content. Participants provided screenshots of any vaping-related content they encountered on their social media. Subsequently, in focus groups, they were shown a variety of this content and asked to discuss. We coded transcripts using inductive methods.

Results

Participants had encountered vape advertisements from neighbouring countries featuring attractive products, flavours, celebrity endorsements and entertainment shows, which they found highly appealing. Participants encountered posts that did not overtly advertise vaping but depicted people vaping in social settings, thereby normalising vaping despite its illegal status. They perceived government campaigns to deter vaping as biased and agenda driven, calling for a more nuanced message and use of local influencers and personal stories to communicate the rationale of the vaping regulations to the public.

Conclusion

Having a law that bans vaping may not be enough; it needs to be complemented with more comprehensive marketing restrictions on social media platforms and effective enforcement of bans on social media promotions from overseas.
Cosmographic analysis of the dynamics of universe in higher dimensional compactified space with Tachyonic field
Authors: Singha Anup Kumar , Debnath Ujjal , Pradhan Anirudh
Published: June 2024

In this work, the considered model is contained in higher dimensional compactified space in the form of M4 × M6, where M6 is compact inner space. Since, for a higher dimensional cosmological model, Tachyon matter is an automatic and fantastic choice, we have supposed that the scalar field is driven by Tachyon together with the higher dimensional cosmological constant [Formula: see text]. Our observation is that the theory provides a good solution for the cosmological scale factor of the present universe. Here, it is important that the forms of the tachyonic field ϕ and potential V are simple trigonometric hyperbolic functions. We study the cosmographical parameters like equation of state parameter, statefinder parameters, jerk, snap, and lerk parameters. The graphical representations of cosmological parameters show the overall evolution of the universe under a tachyonic field in a higher dimensional model. The classical stability of the model due to small perturbations both for dark energy and metric are examined by the study of the square speed of sound and by the linear perturbation method. We also analyzed the model in ω−ω′ and r− s cosmological plane.
Entropy generation on inclined magnetize double diffusive convective transportation of radiative Casson nanofluid in porous medium with source/sink
Authors: Kumar Vivek , Ram Paras , Sharma Kushal
Published: June 2024

This research intends to investigate the entropy generation on the magnetized double diffusive heat and mass transfer flow of the Casson nanofluid under the influence of an inclined magnetic field in a porous medium. Additionally, the combined impact of heat absorption, chemical reaction, Brownian diffusion, source/sink, and thermophoresis phenomena is also taken care of. The fluid flow involves convective boundary conditions for both temperature and concentration instead of a constant value at the surface. The flow-regulating system involved nonlinear PDEs that are turned into nonlinear systems of ODEs by using scaling variables and then solved this system numerically in Matlab using the bvp4c strategy, which is a collocation technique based on the Lobatto 3-stage FDM algorithm. Graphical representations illustrate the behavior of fluid velocity, entropy generation, concentration, and temperature in response to changes in flow parameters. Physical quantities like skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number have been investigated using 2D and 3D plots. Here, we concluded that the inclined magnetic field decimates the flow velocity gradually and greater values of the magnetic field lead to an increased rate of entropy generation. Furthermore, it has been noted that the temperature profile improves as the Brownian motion of particles increases, and the distribution of energy also enhances with larger values of the thermophoresis. The obtained key findings are discussed in a physical manner using graphic representation.
INFLUENCE OF PROCESS PARAMETERS ON ANODIC PLASMA ELECTROLYTIC POLISHING OF Q235 LOW-CARBON STEEL IN (NH4)2SO4 ELECTROLYTE
Authors: GAO CHUANLI , WANG BIN , LIAO YIZHAO , ZHOU QIAN , LI HUI , JIN XIAOYUE , XU CHI , DU JIANCHENG , XUE WENBIN
Published: June 2024

The plasma electrolytic polishing (PEP) process on Q235 low-carbon steel anode in [Formula: see text]SO4 electrolyte was investigated, and its surface properties under different PEP conditions were evaluated. The surface roughness of PEP samples under different electrolyte concentrations, initial roughness, voltages and treating times were measured. The surface morphologies and compositions of typical PEP samples were analyzed, and their wettability and surface free energy under different polishing times were evaluated. It was found that the near-surface temperature of the steel sample raised quickly with increasing the voltage, and then remained at about 100°C after 200[Formula: see text]V, which is beneficial to keep the microstructure and mechanical properties of Q235 low-carbon steel. Under the parameters of 3.0[Formula: see text]wt.% [Formula: see text]SO4 aqueous solution and applied voltage of 200[Formula: see text]V, the 8[Formula: see text]min PEP treatment could reduce the surface roughness of Q235 low-carbon steel from 2.100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m to 0.437[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. In addition, the polishing efficiency was the highest in the initial PEP stage, meanwhile, it also increased with the increase of initial roughness of the sample. After the PEP treatment, the contact angle of water on low-carbon steel decreased, and its surface free energy was slightly reduced. Moreover, the thickness of natural oxide film on Q235 low-carbon steel was reduced by about 30% after 8 min polishing treatment.
PPARG modulation by bioactive compounds from Salvia officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra in type 2 diabetes management: A in silico study
Authors: Hoseinpoor Saeideh , Chamani Jamshidkhan , Saberi Mohammadreza , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Amiri-Tehranizadeh Zeinab , Shakour Neda
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the exploration of bioactive constituents derived from Salvia officinalis and Glycyrrhiza glabra, with a focus on their potential to modulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a crucial regulator of glucose homeostasis and a key target for diabetes management. Through the rigorous application of in silico methodologies, the interactions between PPARG and six natural compounds, including kanzonol X, glabrol, linolenic acid, glycyrrhizin, carnosic acid, and licoflavone A, were meticulously examined. Molecular docking studies unveiled a notable binding affinity between kanzonol X and glabrol to the PPARG receptor, indicating their potential effectiveness in regulating blood glucose levels through PPARG activation. Molecular dynamics simulations affirmed the stability of the PPARG-ligand complexes, highlighting the significance of hydrogen bonds in maintaining their stability. Furthermore, computational techniques were utilized to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties as well as the compounds’ cardiotoxicity. Encouragingly, these natural substances exhibited efficient cellular uptake, favorable bioavailability, and demonstrated no cardiotoxic effects. Kanzonol X and glabrol, abundant in G. glabra, have emerged as strong candidates for regulating blood glucose levels regulation through PPARG activation. Although computational methodologies have offered vital insights, unlocking the full potential of these compounds necessitates rigorous research and clinical trials to validate the effectiveness and safety of kanzonol X and glabrol in managing diabetes for this patient population.
The effect of the Tethyan seaway closure on the Oligo−Miocene marine benthic diversity and distribution around Eurasia
Authors: Chattopadhyay Devapriya , Venu Gopal Kella , Dahakey Avinash
Published: June 2024

The Cenozoic evolution of the Tethyan seaway significantly shaped marine and terrestrial biota around Eurasia. The Tethys Ocean connected the Atlantic and the Pacific during the early Cenozoic, allowing marine faunal exchange. However, during the early Miocene, the ‘
Gomphotherium
Landbridge’ developed, restricting the marine connection between the proto-Mediterranean in the west and the provinces of the eastern Tethys Ocean. In contrast to the well-documented phenomena of terrestrial mammalian exchange through the land connection brought about by the closure, little is known about its impact on the marine fauna. To assess the overall effect of this separation on the distribution and diversity of marine organisms, we studied the Oligo−Miocene fossil record of marine benthos including Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Foraminifera and Mollusca. We compiled 15 894 reported occurrences from the early Oligocene to late Miocene comprising 1477 genera, 404 families and 85 orders from four faunal provinces and evaluated their palaeobiogeographic patterns. Our study demonstrates that the proportion of genera shared between the eastern and western provinces decreased after the early Miocene. The majority of the non-shared families developed during or after the early Miocene. High faunal diversity during the early Miocene and increasing endemicity among the eastern provinces are consistent with the development of a shallow seaway that supported speciation and reduced biotic exchange. The considerable variation in the magnitude and timing of the response across taxonomic groups reflects the combined effects of preservation bias and the differential responses of fauna. Our study supports an early Miocene initiation of the Tethyan seaway closure, followed by intermittent connectivity before the complete closure. This closure and its climatic consequences influenced the evolution of the Eurasian biota. Future studies should use a multidisciplinary approach combining the fossil record, genetic divergence and climate proxies to fully understand the effects of environmental changes and the seaway closure on marine benthos diversity dynamics.
Structure-Information-Based Reasoning over the Knowledge Graph: A Survey of Methods and Applications
Authors: Meng Siyuan , Zhou Jie , Chen Xuxin , Liu Yufei , Lu Fengyuan , Huang Xinli
Published: June 2024

The knowledge graph (KG) is an efficient form of knowledge organization and expression, providing prior knowledge support for various downstream tasks, and has received extensive attention in natural language processing. However, existing large-scale KGs have many hidden facts that need to be discovered. How to effectively use the structure information of KG is an important research direction of knowledge reasoning. Structure-Information-based reasoning over the KG is a technique used to find the missing facts by the structure information of KG. This survey summarizes the methods and applications of Structure-Information-based reasoning and hopes to be helpful to the research in this field. First, we introduced the definition of knowledge reasoning and the conceptual description of related tasks. Then, we reviewed the methods of Structure-Information-based reasoning. Specifically, we categorized them into four representative classes: PRA-based reasoning, Path-Embedding-based reasoning, RL-based reasoning, and GNN-based reasoning. We compared the motivations and details between practices in the same category. After that, we described the application of Structure-Information-based knowledge reasoning in the KG Completion, Question Answering System, Recommendation System, and other fields. Finally, we discussed the future research directions of Structure-Information-based reasoning.
Introducing SIGCSE Virtual 2024
Authors: Dorodchi Mohsen
Published: June 2024

SIGCSE Virtual 2024, the organization's newest conference, will be held from 5-7 December 2024. SIGCSE Virtual addresses issues common among educators working to develop, implement, and/or evaluate computing programs, curricula, and courses, as well as broadening participation in computing and making it more inclusive. The conference provides a forum for sharing new ideas for syllabi, laboratories, and other elements of teaching and pedagogy, at all levels of instruction. We endeavor to have a diverse selection of technical sessions and opportunities for learning and interaction.
Metabolic pathways that mediate the effects of food deprivation on reproductive behavior in female Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ceretti Attilio , Yang Zimo , Schneider Jill E.
Published: June 2024

Copulation rate was decreased in food-deprived female but not in male adults when tested without food in the testing arena. Copulation rate was 1) maintained by feeding glucose alone, yeast alone, nutritive medium lacking yeast, but not sucralose, amino acids, or cholesterol alone; 2) decreased by inhibition of glycolysis in females fed either nutritive medium or yeast alone; and 3) not affected by inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Thus, female copulation rate was linked to glycolytic status.
Is it the people or the place? The remarkable 30-year period of integrative physiology research in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder
Authors: Seals Douglas R. , DeSouza Christopher A. , Enoka Roger M. , Fleshner Monika , Mazzeo Robert S. , Moore Russell L.
Published: June 2024

Historically, programs of physical education and sport were housed in gymnasium buildings on academic campuses. As physical education evolved to the more scientifically focused successor departments of exercise science and kinesiology, faculty specialization developed in the physiology of exercise. With time, some faculty broadened their research to study the integrative physiology of other biological states and stressors. Through this series of events, a small group of integrative physiologists was formed in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder during the 1990s with the goal of conducting novel biomedical research. The challenges were daunting: no contemporary core laboratory facilities, lack of temperature control, piercing external noise, pests, regular flooding, electrical power outages, and lack of funds for renovation. Despite these obstacles, the group established an innovative program of translational physiological research ranging from high-throughput molecular analyses to cell models to rodent studies to clinical trials in humans. These investigators supported their work with grant awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), American Heart Association, and private research foundations totaling ∼$80 M in direct costs from the late 1980s to 2020. Collectively, the faculty and their laboratory personnel published ∼950 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Over that period, 379 undergraduate students, 340 graduate students, 84 postdoctoral fellows, and dozens of junior research faculty received scientific training in Carlson, supported by >$21 M in extramural funding. What was accomplished by this handful of integrative physiologists speaks to the importance of the qualities of the investigators rather than their research facilities in determining scientific success.
Validation of Trøndelag Apnoea Score Proxy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in the General Population of Norway: The HUNT Study
Authors: Filosa James , Omland Petter Moe , Hagen Knut , Langsrud Knut , Engstrøm Morten , Sand Trond
Published: June 2024

The aim was to validate a new seven‐item “TASC” (Trøndelag Apnoea Score) proxy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) against polysomnography in the general population. Objectives included validation against different polysomnographic criteria, stratification by age and gender, and estimation of OSA prevalence. From the fourth wave of the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT4), 1,201 participants were randomly invited to a substudy focusing on sleep and headaches, of whom 232 accepted and 84 (64% women, mean age 55.0 years, and standard deviation 11.5 years) underwent polysomnography. The TASC proxy sums seven binary items for snoring, observed breathing pauses, restricted daytime activities, hypertension, body mass index (≥30 kg/m2), age (≥50 years), and gender (male). A single night of ambulatory (home) polysomnography was analysed using both the recommended and optional hypopnoea criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). We found 65% sensitivity and 87% specificity (Cohen’s κ = 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.34−0.72) for TASC ≥ 3 against AHI ≥ 15 (recommended AASM criteria). Validity was similar against AHI ≥ 30 but lower against AHI ≥ 5 and against the optional AASM criteria. Sensitivity and overall validity were higher among men and those above 50 years of age. The prevalence of an apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) of at least 5, 15, or 30 using the recommended (and optional) AASM criteria was 73% (46%), 37% (18%), or 15% (5%). A seven‐item TASC proxy for OSA showed good validity and may be useful in screening and epidemiological settings. Sensitivity, specificity, and validity vary considerably by cut‐off, by polysomnographic scoring criteria, and by gender and age strata.
Low‐Frequency Sonophoresis: A Promising Strategy for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Marathe Divya , Bhuvanashree Vasudeva Sampriya , Mehta Chetan Hasmukh , T. Ashwini , Nayak Usha Yogendra
Published: June 2024

Sonophoresis is the most approachable mode of transdermal drug delivery system, wherein low‐frequency sonophoresis penetrates the drug molecules into the skin. It is an alternative method for an oral system of drug delivery and hypodermal injections. The cavitation effect is thought to be the main mechanism used in sonophoresis. The cavitation process involves forming a gaseous bubble and its rupture, induced in the coupled medium. Other mechanisms used are thermal effects, convectional effects, and mechanical effects. It mainly applies to transporting hydrophilic drugs, macromolecules, gene delivery, and vaccine delivery. It is also used in carrier‐mediated delivery in the form of micelles, liposomes, and dendrimers. Some synergistic effects of sonophoresis, along with some permeation enhancers, such as chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, electroporation, and microneedles, increased the effectiveness of drug penetration. Sonophoresis‐mediated ocular drug delivery, nail drug delivery, gene delivery to the brain, sports medicine, and sonothrombolysis are also widely used. In conclusion, while sonophoresis offers promising applications in diverse fields, further research is essential to comprehensively elucidate the biophysical mechanisms governing ultrasound‐tissue interactions. Addressing these gaps in understanding will enable the refinement and optimization of sonophoresis‐based therapeutic strategies for enhanced clinical efficacy.
Novel Alpha‐, Beta‐, and Gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical Carnivores of Brazil
Authors: Ewbank Ana Carolina , Catão-Dias José Luiz , Navas-Suarez Pedro Enrique , Duarte-Benvenuto Aricia , Zamana-Ramblas Roberta , Ferreira-Machado Eduardo , Lial Henrique Christino , Ibáñez-Porras Pablo , Sacristán Irene , Sacristán Carlos
Published: June 2024

The knowledge regarding infectious agents affecting wildlife is crucial for species’ conservation. We hypothesized that herpesviruses are present in wild Neotropical carnivores. Herein, we used DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B broad‐spectrum PCRs to molecularly survey the presence of herpesviruses in spleen and/or lung samples of 53 wild Neotropical carnivores of Brazil, comprising the families Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, and Procyonidae. The percentage of PCR‐positives was 28.3% (15/53). An alphaherpesvirus was found in a Neotropical river otter (Lontra longicaudis, 1/1), a betaherpesvirus in a lesser grison (Galictis cuja, 1/3), and different gammaherpesviruses in Neotropical river otter (1/1), lesser grison (1/3), crab‐eating raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus, 8/9), South American coati (Nasua nasua, 1/2), southern tiger cat (Leopardus guttulus, 1/2), jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi, 1/5), and ocelot (Leopardus pardalis, 1/10). None of the tested canids were herpesvirus‐positive. This is the first report of herpesvirus in procyonids, and in jaguarundi, southern tiger cat, lesser grison, and Neotropical river otter. This study broadens the host range of herpesviruses in Neotropical carnivores.
Vortex‐Induced Vibration of Long Suspenders of a Long‐Span Suspension Bridge and Its Effect on Local Deck Acceleration Based on Field Monitoring
Authors: Su Xun , Mao Jianxiao , Wang Hao , Gao Hui , Guo Xiaoming , Zong Hai
Published: June 2024

As the main structural component, the possibility of wind‐induced vibration, especially vortex‐induced vibrations (VIVs), is greatly increased due to the shape and structural characteristics of the long suspenders. To investigate the full‐scale wind‐induced vibration of the long suspenders of a long‐span suspension bridge with a main span of 1418 m, the long‐term vibration‐based monitoring system was established. Based on the recorded structural health monitoring (SHM) data, the corresponding wind conditions and the vibration characteristics of long suspenders with different diameters and tensions are investigated. Furthermore, modal parameters including frequencies and damping ratios of long suspenders are identified and tracked during the VIV period. The relationship between the shedding frequency of long suspenders and the corresponding wind speed is studied. Results show that the VIVs with frequencies ranging from 8 Hz to 20 Hz were observed continuously across a wide range of wind speeds in both sets of long suspenders. Due to the relatively low modal damping, significant vortex characteristics and lock‐in phenomena can be expected on the long suspenders. A new frequency‐adjustable Stockbridge damper is employed to suppress multimodal VIVs in the long suspenders. The effectiveness of Stockbridge damper is verified through field application and comparative analysis. Finally, the effect of long suspender VIVs on local deck vibration is discussed, and it is clarified that the bridge deck vibration is mainly caused by multimodal VIVs of the long suspenders, rather than by external loads such as vehicles and wind. The study endeavors to provide a case to progress the identification, assessment, and control of long suspender VIVs in similar long‐span bridges.
Identification of the Interaction Coefficients in an Intraspecific Competition Model with Diffusion Terms
Authors: Na Yang , Wang Hongyue , Du Runmei , Hao Lina
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we are interested in identifying the coefficients of the interaction terms in a parabolic system, which describes two subpopulations of the same species competing for the same resources. We use optimal the control theory to study the identification problem. Taking the unknown coefficients as control functions, the identification problem is transformed into an optimal control problem. We prove the existence and local uniqueness of the optimal control, derive the first‐order necessary condition, and get the formula of the optimal control.
Effectiveness of Drive‐By Monitoring in Short‐Span Bridges: A Real‐Scale Experimental Evaluation
Authors: Gkoktsi Kyriaki , Bono Flavio , Tirelli Daniel
Published: June 2024

This paper experimentally assesses the efficacy of the indirect Structural Health Monitoring (iSHM) framework on a full‐scale short‐span bridge of nine meters long, using an instrumented vehicle with non‐negligible mass with respect to the mass of the bridge. Emphasis is given to the dynamic identification of the two mechanical systems through Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) on both the vehicle and the bridge. The EMA vehicle testing is among the main contributions of this paper, as such data become available in experimental iSHM implementations for the first time in the literature. Thus, new insights are brought on the vehicle’s dual role as a roving sensing unit and a vibrating mechanical system. A wireless sensor network is adopted that supports a dual monitoring system, i.e., an indirect system with accelerometers on the vehicle and a conventional system with fixed sensors on the bridge. Under a stationary vehicle’s position on the bridge, it is shown that a strong dynamic coupling occurs between the two systems due to their high mass ratio and the vehicle’s function as a Spring Mass Damper (SMD). In vehicle’s moving state, it is demonstrated that transfer of energy occurs between the vehicle and the bridge, which both oscillate under multiple modes of vibration that change over time. It is identified that four main parameters influence the quality of the extracted bridge natural frequencies from the vehicle‐acquired data, i.e., (i) the filtering properties of the vehicle, (ii) the effective signals length in the presence of road discontinuities, (iii) the speed trade‐offs, and (iv) the level of vehicle‐induced bridge excitation and its transmissibility level. The careful consideration of those parameters determines the effectiveness of iSHM implementations in short‐span bridges.
Assessing the Seasonal Variability of Water Quality and Heavy Metals Concentration in Sediment, Water, and Fish Muscles of Korotoa River in Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan K. M. Toufiq , Ferdoushi Zannatul , Rana Md. Masud , Alam Md. Shahanur
Published: June 2024

The current study reveals the concentration of heavy metals in sediment, water, and three fish species of the Korotoa River in Bangladesh. Two diverse seasons, namely wet (August–September 2021) and dry (January–February 2022) were chosen to compare the seasonal differences of five concerning heavy metals (Cr, Co, Pb, As, and Cd) adjacent to coal mining area using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Different physicochemical parameters of water quality along with the concentration of heavy metals varied significantly with the seasons. However, the average concentrations of the examined heavy metals followed the downward order of Cr > Pb > As > Co > Cd for both wet and dry seasons. The mean concentration of heavy metals in fish was found higher in Mastacembelus armatus compared with Labeo bata and Amblypharyngodon mola. The values of the researched heavy metals’ enrichment factors were reported in the following order: As > Co > Cr > Cd. The pollution load index (PLI) specified that the sediment of the river under study was not seriously contaminated (PLI <1). However, the content of heavy metals in the water was discovered to be much greater than the standards for safe drinking water limits and the preservation of freshwater aquatic life, demonstrating that the river water from this area is unsafe for use as drinking water or for cooking. However, the study suggests relevant authorities should take necessary action to stop further pollution in the study area.
Barriers and Facilitators Experienced During the Implementation of Web‐Based Teleradiology System in Public Hospitals of the Northwest Ethiopia: An Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Nigatu Araya Mesfin , Yilma Tesfahun Melese , Gezie Lemma Derseh , Gebrewold Yonathan , Gullslett Monika Knudsen , Mengiste Shegaw Anagaw , Tilahun Binyam
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Teleradiology allows distant facilities to electronically transmit images for interpretation, thereby bridging the radiology service gap between urban and rural areas. The technology improves healthcare quality, treatment options, and diagnostic accuracy. However, in low resource settings like Ethiopia, teleradiology services are limited, posing challenges for implementation. Therefore, this study is aimed at exploring the factors that facilitated or hindered the implementation of web‐based teleradiology in the public hospitals of the South Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods: In this study, a purposive sampling method was employed to select seventeen participants, including hospital managers, physicians, emergency surgeons, and radiologists, for an in‐depth interview (IDI). The interviews were conducted from March to May 2023. A reflexive thematic analysis was conducted using an abductive coding technique at the semantic/explicit level. Data were collected through semistructured interviews conducted face‐to‐face and virtually, with audio recordings transcribed, translated, and analyzed using Open Code version 4.02 software. Trustworthiness was ensured through prolonged engagement, reflective journaling, and review by coauthors.

Results: The study examined eight main themes, with barriers to sustainable teleradiology implementation falling into five categories: technological, organizational, environmental, individual, and workflow and communication. Conversely, identified facilitators included improved radiology service efficiency, system accessibility, collaboration opportunities, and user trust in the radiology ecosystem. Within each theme, factors with potential impacts on teleradiology system sustainability were identified, such as the lack of system handover mechanisms, absence of a central image consultation center, and inadequate staffing of full‐time radiologists and technical personnel.

Conclusions: The study highlights the positive user perception of a web‐based teleradiology system’s user‐friendliness and efficiency. Overcoming challenges and leveraging facilitators are crucial for optimizing teleradiology and improving service delivery and patient outcomes. A centralized consultation center with dedicated radiologists and technical personnel is recommended for maximizing efficiency.
Comprehensive Insight and Advancements in Material Design for Electrocatalytic Ammonia Production Technologies: An Alternative Clean Energy
Authors: Rafiqul Bari Gazi A. K. M. , Jeong Jae-Ho
Published: June 2024

Ammonia (NH3) stands out as a promising green energy carrier in the context of the world’s future energy demands. The current ammonia production heavily relies on the energy‐intensive Haber–Bosch (H–B) process, contributing significantly to worldwide energy consumption (1–2%) and escalating carbon dioxide emissions by 1.5%. In light of the environmental and economic concerns associated with the H–B process, alternative electrochemical reduction methods for nitrogen and its derivatives have emerged as viable paths toward green energy production. While substantial research progress has been made in recent years, the transition from laboratory‐scale investigations to industrial or commercial applications has been hindered by low efficiency and selectivity in electrocatalytic systems. Establishing a cohesive strategy to advance electrocatalysts for nitrogen and its derivatives electroreduction is crucial. This study delves into a fundamental understanding of materials engineering and the modulation of electrocatalysts for ammonia production. Drawing on insights from various foundational research efforts, the aim is to provide guidance for future research directions based on fundamental principles. This exploration seeks to propel the development of electrocatalysts, addressing the current challenges and steering research toward efficient and selective electrochemical reduction processes for sustainable ammonia production.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Women with Eating Disorders in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohammedsaeed Walaa , El Shikieri Ahlam B.
Published: June 2024

Objective. To assess selected cardiometabolic risk factors among Saudi women with eating disorders. Methods. An epidemiological, cross‐sectional study included women aged between 18 and 50 years with eating disorders (EDs). Women with chronic diseases, pregnant, or lactating were excluded. The weight and height were measured for the calculation of the body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood samples were drawn for the analysis of blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, albumin, haemoglobin, and C‐reactive levels. The atherogenic dyslipidemia index (AIP) was also calculated. Results. Patients (n = 100) were enrolled. Fasting blood glucose levels were critically low among women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) but normal among those with binge eating disorders (BEDs). All women with ED suffered from anaemia based on their haemoglobin levels as well as dyslipidemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and high C‐reactive protein levels. Women with AN had low cardiovascular (CV) risks based on their normal AIP values. However, women with BN and BED had intermediate CV risks. On average, women with AN suffered from severe thinness and those with BN had normal BMIs, whereas those with BED were overweight. Women (90%) with BN and BED were overweight and/or obese. Conclusion. Women with ED had a high risk of cardiovascular diseases defined by their hypoalbuminaemia, dyslipidemia, anaemia, and high AIP levels. Dietitians and psychiatrists are advised to collaborate in assessing the potential risk of having eating disorders to provide counselling sessions to women on healthy balanced diets and their effect on health.
Effect of Compressed Gas on Deep Mine Long‐Distance Backfill Pipe Flushing: From Laboratory to Industrial Tests
Authors: Bai Longjian , Wang Hongjiang , Wu Aixiang , Li Hao , Wang Shengkai , Chen Chong , Liu Chunkang
Published: June 2024

The clean filling pipe can ensure sufficient overflow section, reduce paste transport resistance, and avoid slurry deposition. The introduction of compressed gas into the pipe flushing can improve the flushing effect and efficiency of the pipe and reduce water consumption. However, the dominant factors influencing water consumption water consumption are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of flow velocity, backfill gradient (4–7), gas void fraction (0–1), and gas pressure (0–0.7 MPa) on water consumption. Water consumption was obtained experimentally by modeling the gas–water flushing pipe. The criterion for the completion of pipeline cleaning is to reduce the water solid content of the flushing pipeline from the initial value to 1%. A model was established to predict water consumption, which was validated by industrial tests. The results show that the water consumption of the flushing pipe increased with the power law as the backfill gradient increased and decreased with the increase of gas void fraction, gas pressure, and flow velocity. The water consumption is 0.8–1.1 times the volume of the pipe in water flushing. However, the water consumption of gas–water flushing is 0.60–0.75 times the volume of the pipe. Gas–water flushing can reduce water consumption by up to 30%. The findings are conducive to design pipe flushing parameters to avoid excessive water consumption.
Church Forests Diversity and Biomass Carbon Stock along Urbanization Continuum in Dangila District, Awi‐Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Bitew Sewagegn Geremew , Fikir Abate Dagm
Published: June 2024

Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church forest plays a significant role in native species conservation, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation. The study was carried out to determine woody species diversity and biomass carbon stock of Church forests along the urbanization continuum in Dangila Woreda, Awi‐Zone, Ethiopia. After a preliminary survey, the churches were grouped into urban, peri‐urban, and rural continuums. From each group, one Church was purposively selected for each urbanization continuum based on accessibility for making a total of nine sample churches. Tree height and diameter data were recorded from a 2 m width of systematically laid down Gentry transect lines; seedlings were counted from three plots of 2 m × 2 m size at each transect line. The similarities along urbanization were calculated using Sorenson’s similarity index. ANOVA was then used to test for differences across the continuum. Finally, a total of 62, 57, and 73 woody species were identified in urban, per‐urban, and rural Church forest. The mean Shannon diversity for each urban, peri‐urban, and rural Church forest was 2.38, 2.67, and 2.90, respectively. The general pattern of woody species community structure for each urbanization continuum shows an inverted J‐shape. The biomass carbon stock along the urban, peri‐urban, and rural continuum was 24.96, 77.38, and 46.13 tons/ha, respectively. Therefore, Church forests play an indispensable role in woody species conservation, carbon sequestration, and climate change mitigation at each urbanization continuum.
Association Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) +936C/T Polymorphism (rs3025039) and Preeclampsia Among Myanmar Pregnant Women
Authors: Saw Khin Ei Ei , Thann Thit Sar Aye Mg
Published: June 2024

Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphism is associated with preeclampsia since its abnormal expression plays an important role in vasculogenesis in placenta formation. Thus, this study is aimed at analyzing the association between VEGF +936C/T polymorphism and the risk of preeclampsia.

Methods: To assess the causal relationship, a hospital‐based cross‐sectional analytical study was carried out among 204 Myanmar pregnant women during the period of January 2018–September 2020. For data collection, a pretested, structured questionnaire was used. Blood samples were collected after obtaining consent, and then we studied the extracted gene by using polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.0 was used for data management and analysis.

Results: The genotype CT variant among preeclamptic women was more than that of non‐preeclamptic women (26.5% vs. 18.6%), but not significant (p = 0.180). The risk of preeclampsia among women with CT genotypes was 1.57 times higher than that of women with CC genotypes (OR (95%CI) = 1.57 (0.81, 3.06), p = 0.180). The minor allele frequency of the T allele was 15.2% in preeclamptic women and 9.3% in normal pregnant women. The risk of preeclampsia among T allele carriers is 1.49 times (95%CI = 0.80, 2.77) more than that of C allele carriers (p = 0.211). Among the preeclamptic pregnant women, the frequency of the CT genotype was 26.3% in the severe preeclamptic group and 26.9% in the mild preeclamptic group, while the frequency of the T allele was 13.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The frequency of either CT genotype or T allele was more or less the same in both groups, and there was no association between VEGF C/T polymorphism and the severity of preeclampsia. After logistic regression analysis on VEGF genotype and clinical parameters such as age, maternal body mass index (BMI), and neonatal birth weight, the risk of preeclampsia was 2.1 times higher in pregnant women with CT genotype compared to CC genotype (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.9–4.5, p value −0.057).

Conclusion: There was no significant association between VEGF +936C/T polymorphism (rs3025039) and preeclampsia among Myanmar pregnant women. However, the findings of this study highlighted that individuals carrying either the CT genotype or the T allele are at a heightened risk of developing preeclampsia. Furthermore, it suggests a potential impact of the gene on the occurrence of preeclampsia, yet the data lacks sufficient evidence to establish statistical significance.
Wind Turbine Gearbox Early Fault Detection Using Mel‐Frequency Cepstral Coefficients of Vibration Data
Authors: Velandia-Cardenas Cristian , Vidal Yolanda , Pozo Francesc
Published: June 2024

A methodology utilizing vibration data and Mel‐frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) for wind turbine condition monitoring is developed to detect incipient faults in the wind turbine gearbox. This approach provides a more efficient and cost‐effective solution compared to traditional condition monitoring techniques relying on physical inspections, which can be time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. The use of vibration data enables the identification of subtle changes in a wind turbine’s operating condition, providing early warning signs of potential issues. When the vibration data are analyzed, changes in frequency and amplitude can be detected, indicating the presence of a developing fault. Vibration‐based condition monitoring systems (CMS) have already been widely used in the wind industry (mainly in new turbines). These systems utilize basic standard features, working in either the time or frequency domain, and are not optimized for nonstationary signals. In contrast, this work focuses on MFCCs, operating in both time and frequency domains, enabling the extraction of adequate information from nonstationary signals. The MFCCs are derived from vibration data signals, providing a compact representation for a more efficient analysis. These coefficients create a fingerprint of the wind turbine operating condition, compared to known healthy conditions, to identify anomalies. To underscore the practical value of this study, it is important to highlight the significant implications for the wind energy sector. The methodology developed offers an advanced, predictive tool for the early detection of gearbox faults, which is a critical aspect of optimizing the performance and longevity of wind turbines. By enabling earlier, more accurate fault detection, the proposed approach significantly reduces the likelihood of catastrophic failures and extensive downtime. This not only enhances the reliability and cost‐effectiveness of wind energy systems but also contributes to sustainable energy practices by optimizing resource use and minimizing maintenance costs. The results strongly suggest that the proposed methodology is highly effective in detecting incipient faults in the wind turbine gearbox. By providing early warnings of damage, operators can address issues before significant downtime or damage occurs. The use of MFCCs offers additional benefits since data can be collected remotely, eliminating physical inspections. Analysis can be performed faster, even in real time, allowing more frequent monitoring. This provides a more complete and accurate picture of the health of the system. The approach is tested in the EISLAB dataset concerning vibration signals from six wind turbines in northern Sweden, all with three‐stage gearboxes. All measurement data correspond to the axial direction of an accelerometer in the output shaft bearing housing of each turbine.
Unearthing Nature’s Pharmacy: Exploring the Antimicrobial Potency of Mushrooms
Authors: Al Qutaibi Mohammed , Kagne Suresh R.
Published: June 2024

The search for a new antibiotic or antifungal that could function efficiently without side effects or inadequacies was always a dilemma. For centuries, mushrooms have been praised for their medicinal powers. Recent studies show that many mushroom species possess antimicrobial compounds that inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi, and other microbes. These studies attributed the antimicrobial potency of mushrooms to the presence of active compounds called phytochemicals. Mushrooms have been found to contain an abundance of phytochemicals such as phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, and polysaccharides. These compounds can inhibit cell wall synthesis and disrupt membrane permeability or redox balance. This review highlights the current knowledge about the phytochemical content of mushrooms, their antimicrobial properties, and some extraction strategies. The antimicrobial effects of various microorganisms, such as foodborne pathogens, drug‐resistant bacteria, and fungi, are discussed. Critical limitations in using mushrooms as antimicrobial sources include safety risks from toxins, variability in compound potency between species, extraction and purification challenges, inconsistent yields, scalability issues, and regulatory hurdles for commercial applications. Overall, this article shows that mushrooms are prosperous of various antimicrobial compounds that can benefit human health.