bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
When does cerebral β‐amyloid deposition begin in Lewy body dementia?
Authors: Fujishiro Hiroshige , Kosaka Kenji
Published: February 2020

Lewy body dementia (LBD) consists of two dementia syndromes associated with Lewy body pathology: Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The common pathological basis in the nervous systems supports considerable clinical overlap between them. Dysautonomia, olfactory dysfunction, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and psychiatric symptoms are frequently seen in the course of both disorders during the prodromal stage. Although the defining feature of PDD is that dementia develops in the setting of well‐established Parkinson's disease, the presence of parkinsonism is not essential for the clinical diagnosis of DLB. It is accepted that nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration is a key pathophysiology in the development of parkinsonism, but the time course of nigral degeneration in LBD remains unclear. In both disorders, cortical Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites are often widespread and correlate with the severity of the dementia. The progression pattern of Lewy body pathology in LBD remains unestablished, but the cortical involvement of incidental LBs in individuals without parkinsonism suggests the presymptomatic neuropathological precursor for DLB rather than PDD. Many studies have revealed that cerebral β‐amyloid accumulation is related to the timing of the onset of dementia relative to that of parkinsonism in LBD. Therefore, we focused on the time courses of nigral degeneration and cerebral β‐amyloid accumulation during the disease progression in LBD. Recent neuroimaging and cerebral spinal fluid findings have provided opportunities for understanding the antemortem neuropathological changes, and LBD‐associated findings were also reviewed in this article.
Estimation of population‐based utility weights for health states of chronic kidney disease, dialysis and kidney transplantation
Authors: Jo Min‐Woo , Lee Hyeon‐Jeong , Ryu Dong‐Ryeol , Park Jongha , Ock Minsu , Kim Seon‐Ha
Published: February 2020

Aim

This study aimed to determine the utility of chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐related health states in the Korean general population by using the standard gamble (SG) method.

Methods

Seven hypothetical CKD‐related health states were developed and revised based on previous publications. Data from 242 individuals from the Korean general population were obtained via computer‐assisted personal interviews and used to evaluate the CKD‐related health states by using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and SG methods. Mean and median utility values were calculated for each health state. To assess the reliability of the valuation, some samples were retested and evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).

Results

In all health states, the utility weights from SG were higher than those from VAS. The difference in utility values between the two valuation methods ranged from 0.258 to 0.308. The utility value of CKD grade 3 was the highest and that of peritoneal dialysis (PD) was the lowest. The utility weights tended to decrease in accordance with the progression of CKD. CKD grade 3 was assigned a SG utility value of 0.878, whereas PD was assigned 0.507. The SG utility values of predialysis end‐stage renal disease, haemodialysis, kidney transplantation (KT), and post‐KT recovery states were 0.666, 0.547, 0.748 and 0.827, respectively. The mean ICC (SD) at the individual level was 0.746 (0.281) for the SG scores.

Conclusion

Our results could be used to measure the burden of kidney disease or to evaluate the economic efficiency of CKD‐related interventions.
Delayed midazolam dose effects against soman in male and female plasma carboxylesterase knockout mice
Authors: Kundrick Erica , Marrero‐Rosado Brenda , Stone Michael , Schultz Caroline , Walker Katie , Lee‐Stubbs Robyn B. , de Araujo Furtado Marcio , Lumley Lucille A.
Published: February 2020

Chemical warfare nerve agent exposure leads to status epilepticus that may progress to epileptogenesis and severe brain pathology when benzodiazepine treatment is delayed. We evaluated the dose−response effects of delayed midazolam (MDZ) on toxicity induced by soman (GD) in the plasma carboxylesterase knockout (Es1−/−) mouse, which, similar to humans, lacks plasma carboxylesterase. Initially, we compared the median lethal dose (LD50) of GD exposure in female Es1−/− mice across estrous with male mice and observed a greater LD50 during estrus compared with proestrus or with males. Subsequently, male and female GD‐exposed Es1−/− mice treated with a dose range of MDZ 40 min after seizure onset were evaluated for survivability, seizure activity, and epileptogenesis. GD‐induced neuronal loss and microglial activation were evaluated 2 weeks after exposure. Similar to our previous observations in rats, delayed treatment with MDZ dose‐dependently increased survival and reduced seizure severity in GD‐exposed mice, but was unable to prevent epileptogenesis, neuronal loss, or gliosis. These results suggest that MDZ is beneficial against GD exposure, even when treatment is delayed, but that adjunct therapies to enhance protection need to be identified. The Es1−/− mouse GD exposure model may be useful to screen for improved medical countermeasures against nerve agent exposure.
Food environment near schools and body weight—A systematic review of associations by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and socio‐economic factors
Authors: Matsuzaki Mika , Sánchez Brisa N. , Acosta Maria Elena , Botkin Jillian , Sanchez‐Vaznaugh Emma V.
Published: February 2020

Previous research reported modest associations between food environments near schools and adiposity among children overall. The associations within sociodemographic subgroups have not been synthesized. This review assessed the evidence on the associations between food environments near schools and childhood obesity within different demographic and socio‐economic subgroups. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched to identify studies published in English between January 1, 1980, and April 25, 2019, examining the presence of fast food outlets, convenience stores, supermarkets, and grocery stores near schools and measures of overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity, gender, grade, and income level. Twelve cross‐sectional and two ecological studies were included. Fast food outlets were most commonly examined (n = 12). The associations between fast food outlets near schools and obesity were generally positive among Latino, white, and African American students and across grade levels, although the strengths of evidence varied. The directions of association were mixed among Asian children. Three studies reported generally positive associations between convenience stores and obesity among Latino and African American children and mixed associations among white and Asian children. Longitudinal studies are needed in addition to studies examining underlying mechanisms of the differential influence of food environments near schools within each subgroup.
Genodermatoses with teeth abnormalities
Authors: Khalil Samar , Eid Edward , Hamieh Lamia , Bardawil Tara , Moujaes Ziad , Khalil Wael , Abbas Ossama , Kurban Mazen
Published: February 2020

Many genodermatoses exhibit abnormal teeth findings. Studies examining these entities are scarce and narrow in their scope. This paper reviews the evolution, development, and structure of the tooth and provides a summary of genodermatoses with aberrant dental findings. The latter are classified according to the abnormal dental findings: periodontal disease, anodontia/oligodontia/hypodontia, polydontia, enamel hypoplasia, natal teeth, dental pits, and others. Finally, we provide an algorithm that dermatologists and dentists can follow to better recognize genodermatoses with dental involvement.
The relationship between oral diseases and infectious complications in patients under dialysis
Authors: Arenius Ilona , Ruokonen Hellevi , Ortiz Fernanda , Furuholm Jussi , Välimaa Hannamari , Bostanci Nagihan , Eskola Maija , Maria Heikkinen Anna , Meurman Jukka H. , Sorsa Timo , Nylund Karita
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Association was investigated between oral health before dialysis and the incidence of systemic infections during dialysis. We hypothesized that low‐grade systemic inflammation caused by poor oral health associates with infectious episodes in patients on dialysis, despite earlier eradication of oral infection foci.

Subjects and methods

A total of 117 patients (46 with peritoneal and 71 with hemodialysis) were examined and treated at predialysis stage and followed up during dialysis. Number of infection episodes and microorganisms cultured from blood and peritoneal fluid were analyzed. Number of teeth, periodontal inflammatory burden, and total dental index scores were assessed, and salivary matrix metalloproteinase 8, triggering receptor on myeloid cells 1, peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), and interleukin‐1β were measured.

Results

In hemodialysis, 134 infection episodes were recorded, while peritoneal dialysis group had 77 peritonitis episodes. Culture‐negative samples were 69% in hemodialysis and 23% in peritoneal dialysis group. Staphylococci were the most frequently associated microorganisms. Infections during dialysis did neither associate with oral health parameters nor associate with salivary inflammatory biomarkers, except for PGLYRP1, which associated with number of infection episodes during hemodialysis (p = .046).

Conclusions

A number of infection episodes during hemodialysis were associated with salivary PGLYRP1 but not the other salivary markers or oral infection markers.
Antibiotic’s effectiveness after erupted tooth extractions: A retrospective study
Authors: Barone Antonio , Chatelain Sibylle , Derchi Giacomo , Di Spirito Federica , Martuscelli Ranieri , Porzio Massimo , Sbordone Ludovico
Published: February 2020

Objective

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of antibiotics on the development of alveolitis after tooth extractions.

Materials and Methods

The study population consisted of patients who had erupted tooth extractions in 3 centers. The patients’ medical records were collected for several parameters. Moreover, use of antibiotics was evaluated. The primary outcome was the development of alveolitis during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measure was the possible associations between alveolitis and other patients’ characteristics.

Results

A total of 1579 patient charts were screened. The patients enrolled in the study were 418 (159 males and 259 females). Alveolitis was reported for 12 extraction sites (2.87%). Six were in the group of patients that received antibiotics (2.14% out of 280 patients treated with antibiotics), and six were in the group of patients that did not receive antibiotics (4.35% out of 138 patients not receiving antibiotics). None of patient‐level parameters showed any significant association with the development of alveolitis.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study showed that the use of antibiotics after erupted tooth extractions is not useful in preventing alveolitis. Larger, prospective, and randomized studies are needed before incorporating these findings into the daily clinical practice.
Do innate killing mechanisms activated by inflammasomes have a role in treating melanoma?
Authors: Emran Abdullah Al , Tseng Hsin‐Yi , Coleman Mikaela C. , Tiffen Jessamy , Cook Stuart , McGuire Helen M. , Gallagher Stuart , Feng Carl , Hersey Peter
Published: February 2020

Melanoma, as for many other cancers, undergoes a selection process during progression that limits many innate and adaptive tumor control mechanisms. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint blockade overcomes one of the escape mechanisms but if the tumor is not eliminated other escape mechanisms evolve that require new approaches for tumor control. Some of the innate mechanisms that have evolved against infections with microorganisms and viruses are proving to be active against cancer cells but require better understanding of how they are activated and what inhibitory mechanisms may need to be targeted. This is particularly so for inflammasomes which have evolved against many different organisms and which recruit a number of cytotoxic mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Equally important is understanding of where these mechanisms will fit into existing treatment strategies and whether existing strategies already involve the innate killing mechanisms.
Partner–objectification in romantic relationships: A dyadic approach
Authors: Mahar Elizabeth A. , Webster Gregory D. , Markey Patrick M.
Published: February 2020

The present study investigated the relationship between the objectification of one's romantic partner (partner–objectification) and relationship quality using 221 heterosexual couples. Controlling for relevant covariates, actor–partner interdependence models revealed no partner effects but multiple actor effects. First, men who objectified their partners more had lower levels of relationship commitment and relationship satisfaction, and perceived higher quality alternatives to the relationship. Second, women who objectified their partners more had lower levels of relationship satisfaction themselves. Third, relationship duration marginally moderated the association between partner–objectification and relationship commitment, with partner–objectification negatively linked to one's own relationship commitment in relationships of shorter durations, but not when relationship durations were longer. Implications for an investment model and romantic relationship objectification are discussed.
The who, the what, and the how of forgiveness
Authors: Russell Luke
Published: February 2020

We are often encouraged to forgive those who have wronged us. Before we can decide whether this is what we ought to do, we had better figure out what forgiveness amounts to. This article surveys recent philosophical disagreements over the nature of forgiveness. Is it only victims who can forgive the wrongs that were done to them, or can third parties also forgive? Is it possible to forgive yourself? When you forgive, what is that you are forgiving? Do you forgive morally wrong actions, or do you forgive wrongdoers? Can you forgive things that were not actually morally wrong? How do you forgive? Do you forgive by having a change of heart towards the perpetrator, by losing your anger and resentment? Or do you forgive by changing the way you treat the wrongdoer, by withholding punishment, or by achieving reconciliation? Or do you forgive by declaring “I forgive you” to the wrongdoer?
Identification of a caleosin associated with hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) oil bodies
Authors: Lamberti C. , Nebbia S. , Balestrini R. , Marengo E. , Manfredi M. , Pavese V. , Cirrincione S. , Giuffrida M. G. , Cavallarin L. , Acquadro A. , Abbà S.
Published: February 2020

Caleosins are involved in several cellular and biological processes that are closely associated with the synthesis, degradation and stability of oil bodies (OB).

Because of the importance and the multiple roles of these OB‐associated proteins, in silico identification of sequences corresponding to putative caleosins in the hazelnut genome has been performed, and the association with seed OB was verified using a proteomic approach.

Five full‐length sequences (CavCLO‐H1, CavCLO‐H2, CavCLO‐H3, CavCLO‐L1, CavCLO‐L2), belonging to the two groups of caleosins (H and L), have been identified in the hazelnut genome. The number of identified caleosins is in agreement with that previously observed in other plant species, confirming that caleosins comprise small gene families in plants.

A proteomic approach allowed us to verify only the presence of CavCLO‐H1 in hazelnut OB, suggesting that several members inside this family could have different roles during plant growth and development. In silico analysis also suggests that CavCLO‐H1 may act as a peroxygenase.
Functional analysis of walnut polyphenol oxidase gene (JrPPO1) in transgenic tobacco plants and PPO induction in response to walnut bacterial blight
Authors: Khodadadi Fatemeh , Tohidfar Masoud , Vahdati Kourosh , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Leslie Charles A.
Published: February 2020

Walnut (Juglans regia) is economically important for both its wood and nut nutritional value, but it is susceptible to diseases such as walnut bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj). Walnuts contain many phenolic compounds, providing a good model on which to study polyphenol oxidase (PPO). We inoculated the detached walnut fruits of cultivars Ford, Chandler, Franquette, Robert Livermore, and Payne with Xaj and measured the induction of PPO activity in infected sites and adjacent to infected sites. Compared to infected and uninfected sites, PPO activity was induced significantly in areas adjacent to infected sites in all cultivars except Ford. Ford and Franquette, presenting the lowest and highest PPO activity, showed the largest and smallest mean diameter spots in response to Xaj, respectively. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed monophenol oxidase activity of walnut PPO in the assessed tissues. Then, we revealed the antipathogenic potential of walnut PPO through Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated walnut JrPPO1 gene transfer into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Two transformed tobacco lines overexpressing the JrPPO1 gene were regenerated successfully and challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Transgenic lines showed significantly higher PPO activity and lower disease severity to the pathogen compared to the control. However, a significant difference in disease severity and PPO activity level was observed between the two transgenic lines. Our results demonstrate a potential defence‐related role of PPO in transgenic tobacco and its induction in areas adjacent to infection sites in walnut cultivars treated with Xaj.
Impact of Internet use on economic well‐being of rural households: Evidence from China
Authors: Ma Wanglin , Nie Peng , Zhang Pei , Renwick Alan
Published: February 2020

The expansion of the Internet in developing countries has important implications for the economic development of rural areas. Although many studies have investigated various benefits of Internet use, little attention has been paid to find the relationship between Internet use and the economic well‐being of rural households. This paper, therefore, investigates the effects of Internet use on household income and expenditure, using a sample of rural households from China. Both endogenous treatment regression (ETR) and unconditional quantile regression (UQR) techniques are used to identify the homogenous and heterogeneous effects of Internet use, respectively. The ETR results show that Internet use increases household income and expenditure significantly. However, the UQR results reveal that Internet use has a larger impact at the upper distributions of household income and expenditure.
Will elders provide for their grandchildren? Unconditional cash transfers and educational expenditures in Bolivia
Authors: Canavire‐Bacarreza Gustavo , Chong Alberto , Ríos‐Avila Fernando , Yáñez‐Pagans Mónica
Published: February 2020

We take advantage of repeated cross‐sectional household surveys and a sharp discontinuity created by the introduction of an unconditional cash transfer to elders in Bolivia, to evaluate its impact on educational expenditures on children within a household. We find positive and significant impacts of the program at the aggregate level. We also find that the program has stronger effects on indigenous populations as well as on female and rural populations. Our results are robust to a series of falsification tests, survey structure, model specification, and estimation methods.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB3*02:142 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Galluccio Tiziana , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: February 2020

HLA‐DRB3*02:142 differs from HLA‐DRB3*02:02:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 98 in exon 3.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:23 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Diluzio Andrea , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: February 2020

HLA‐DQA1*05:23 differs from HLA‐DQA1*05:01:01:02 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 58 in exon 2.
The evolving blood donor deferral policy for men who have sex with men: impact on the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in France
Authors: Pillonel Josiane , Pelat Camille , Tiberghien Pierre , Sauvage Claire , Danic Bruno , Martinaud Christophe , Barin Francis , Sainte‐Marie Isabelle , Coignard Bruno , Gross Sylvie , Laperche Syria , Lot Florence
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Blood donation deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) in France was reduced from permanent to 12 months in July 2016. To inform a further reduction of the deferral period, an HIV risk assessment was conducted with two scenarios: S1, 4‐month deferral; S2, 4‐month deferral only in the case of more than one sexual partner (i.e., similar to other blood donors).

METHODS

Baseline HIV residual risk (RR) was calculated from July 2016 to December 2017, using the Incidence Rate–Window Period method. The impact of both scenarios on RR was assessed using data from surveys on MSM and blood donors, to estimate 1) the number of additional MSM expected to donate in each scenario and 2) HIV incidence among these donors.

RESULTS

Baseline HIV RR was estimated at 1 in 6,380,000 donations. For S1, an additional 733 MSM donors, and an additional 0.09 HIV‐positive donations were estimated, yielding an unchanged RR of 1 in 6,300,000. For S2, these numbers were estimated at 3102 and 3.92, respectively, yielding an RR of 1 in 4,300,000. Sensitivity analyses showed that, under worst‐case assumptions, the RR would equal 1 in 6,225,000 donations for S1 and 1 in 3,000,000 for S2.

CONCLUSION

For both scenarios, the HIV RR remains very low. For S1, the risk is identical to the baseline RR. For S2, it is 1.5 times higher, and sensitivity analysis shows that this estimate is less robust than for S1. The French Minister of Health announced that S1 will be implemented in April 2020.
Collaborations on blood transfusion research in sub‐Saharan Africa: who, what and where
Authors: Fisher Amelia , Wallis Selina , Hassall Oliver , Martin Russell , Bates Imelda
Published: February 2020

Background and objectives

Children and pregnant women use 75% of the blood supply in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) but face widespread blood shortages. To increase safe blood supply, Africa‐specific evidence and strengthened capacity for transfusion research are needed. Our study analysed seven years of SSA transfusion publications, compared researched topics against priorities and enumerated SSA transfusion research collaborations.

Materials and methods

Data on research topic, journal type, authors’ institutions and country were extracted from transfusion‐related SSA articles published between 2008 and 14 and used to construct a quantitative, graphic visualization of collaborations. Research topics were compared to those identified as priorities for SSA blood services in 2008 and 2015.

Results

Of the 2176, 267 articles (average 38/year) met criteria for analysis. They involved 1245 authors, 673 institutions, 59 countries (35 SSA) and 1375 collaborations. About 41% were on transfusion‐transmitted infections. About 34% were published in specialist transfusion journals. Only 7% involved exclusively collaborations within SSA. Two of the top fifteen institutions by publication quantity were from outside SSA.

Conclusion

Despite a general paucity of SSA‐relevant transfusion research, Francophone SSA was well‐represented. Published research topics are not well matched to SSA research priorities; research on supply, distribution, financing and systems is particularly neglected. The study provides a baseline against which to track any refocusing of research activity to better meet SSA’s needs. Transfusion research hubs within and beyond SSA have been identified as a springboard network for expanding SSA transfusion research capacity.
Delayed metabolic dysfunction in myocardium following exertional heat stroke in mice
Authors: Laitano Orlando , Garcia Christian K. , Mattingly Alex J. , Robinson Gerard P. , Murray Kevin O. , King Michelle A. , Ingram Brian , Ramamoorthy Sivapriya , Leon Lisa R. , Clanton Thomas L.
Published: February 2020

Key points

Exposure to exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with increased risk of long‐term cardiovascular disorders in humans.

We demonstrate that in female mice, severe EHS results in metabolic changes in the myocardium, emerging only after 9–14 days. This was not observed in males that were symptom‐limited at much lower exercise levels and heat loads compared to females.

At 14 days of recovery in females, there were marked elevations in myocardial free fatty acids, ceramides and diacylglycerols, consistent with development of underlying cardiac abnormalities.

Glycolysis shifted towards the pentose phosphate and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase pathways. There was evidence for oxidative stress, tissue injury and microscopic interstitial inflammation. The tricarboxylic acid cycle and nucleic acid metabolism pathways were also negatively affected.

We conclude that exposure to EHS in female mice has the capacity to cause delayed metabolic disorders in the heart that could influence long‐term health.

Exposure to exertional heat stroke (EHS) is associated with a higher risk of long‐term cardiovascular disease in humans. Whether this is a cause‐and‐effect relationship remains unknown. We studied the potential of EHS to contribute to the development of a ‘silent’ form of cardiovascular disease using a preclinical mouse model of EHS. Plasma and ventricular myocardial samples were collected over 14 days of recovery. Male and female C57bl/6J mice underwent forced wheel running for 1.5–3 h in a 37.5°C/40% relative humidity until symptom limitation, characterized by CNS dysfunction. They reached peak core temperatures of 42.2 ± 0.3°C. Females ran ∼40% longer, reaching ∼51% greater heat load. Myocardial and plasma samples (n = 8 per group) were obtained between 30 min and 14 days of recovery, analysed using metabolomics/lipidomics platforms and compared to exercise controls. The immediate recovery period revealed an acute energy substrate crisis from which both sexes recovered within 24 h. However, at 9–14 days, the myocardium of female mice developed marked elevations in free fatty acids, ceramides and diacylglycerols. Glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites revealed bottlenecks in substrate flow, with build‐up of intermediate metabolites consistent with oxidative stress and damage. Males exhibited only late stage reductions in acylcarnitines and elevations in acetylcarnitine. Histopathology at 14 days showed interstitial inflammation in the female hearts only. The results demonstrate that the myocardium of female mice is vulnerable to a slowly emerging metabolic disorder following EHS that may harbinger long‐term cardiovascular complications. Lack of similar findings in males may reflect their lower heat exposure.
Large-Eddy Simulation of the Flow Developing in Static and Rotating Ribbed Channels
Authors: Duchaine Florent , Gicquel Laurent , Grosnickel Thomas , Koupper Charlie
Published: February 2020

In the present work, the turbulent flow fields in a static and rotating ribbed channel representative of an aeronautical gas turbine are investigated by the means of wall-resolved compressible large-Eddy simulation (LES). This approach has been previously validated in a squared ribbed channel based on an experimental database from the Von Karman Institute (Reynolds and rotation numbers of about 15,000 and ±0.38, respectively). LES results prove to reproduce differences induced by buoyancy in the near rib region and resulting from adiabatic or anisothermal flows under rotation. The model also manages to predict the turbulence increase (decrease) around the rib in destabilizing (stabilizing) rotation of the ribbed channels. On this basis, this paper investigates in more detail the spatial development of the flow along the channel and its potential impact on secondary flow structures. More specifically and for all simulations, results of the adiabatic static case exhibit two contra-rotating structures that are close to the lateral walls of the channel induced by transversal pressure difference created by the ribs. These structures are generated after the first ribs and appear behind all inter-rib sections, their relative position is partly affected by rotation. When considering the stabilizing rotating case, two additional contra-rotating structures also develop along the channel from the entrance close to the low-pressure wall (rib-mounted side). These vortices are due to the confinement of the configuration, inflow profile and are the result of Coriolis forces induced by rotation. Görtler vortices also appear on the pressure wall (opposite to the rib-mounted side). In the destabilizing rotating case, these two types of secondary structures are found to co-exist, and their migration in the channel is significantly different due to the presence of the ribs on the pressure side. Finally, it is shown that heat transfer affects only marginally the static and stabilized cases while it changes more significantly the flow organization in the destabilizing case mainly because of enhanced heat transfer and increased buoyancy force effects.
Formation of MoS2 from elemental Mo and S using reactive molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Chen Rimei , Jusufi Arben , Schilowitz Alan , Martini Ashlie
Published: February 2020

Mo- and S-based lubricant additives reduce friction in boundary lubrication through the formation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) during operation. However, the fundamental mechanisms of MoS2 formation are still not fully understood, in part because direct experimental measurement is challenging during the crystallization process. Previously, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were used to model the formation of crystalline MoS2 by compressing and heating amorphous material consisting of Mo and S. Here, the authors test the robustness of these models to capture the crystallization process under different simulation conditions and with different reactive force fields. Lastly, a reactive force field that contains parameters for Mo, S, and O was modified to enable it to capture MoS2 crystallization in the presence of oxygen.
Manipulation of voice onset time in speech stimuli: A tutorial and flexible Praat script
Authors: Winn Matthew B.
Published: February 2020

Voice onset time (VOT) is an acoustic property of stop consonants that is commonly manipulated in studies of phonetic perception. This paper contains a thorough description of the “progressive cutback and replacement” method of VOT manipulation, and comparison with other VOT manipulation techniques. Other acoustic properties that covary with VOT—such as fundamental frequency and formant transitions—are also discussed, along with considerations for testing VOT perception and its relationship to various other measures of auditory temporal or spectral processing. An implementation of the progressive cutback and replacement method in the Praat scripting language is presented, which is suitable for modifying natural speech for perceptual experiments involving VOT and/or related covarying F0 and intensity cues. Justifications are provided for the stimulus design choices and constraints implemented in the script.
Extreme Sport, Identity, and Well-Being: A Case Study and Narrative Approach to Elite Skyrunning
Authors: McGannon Kerry R. , Pomerleau-Fontaine Lara , McMahon Jenny
Published: February 2020

Although extreme-sport athletes’ experiences have been explored in sport psychology, more research is needed to understand the nuanced identity meanings for these athletes in the context of health and well-being. A case-study approach grounded in narrative inquiry was used to explore identity meanings of 1 elite extreme-sport athlete (i.e., skyrunner Kilian Jornet) in relation to well-being. Data gleaned from 4 documentary films and 10 autobiographical book chapters describing the Summits of My Life project were subjected to a thematic narrative analysis. Two intersecting narratives—discovery and relational—threaded the summits project and were used by Jornet to construct an “ecocentric” identity intertwined with nature in fluid ways, depending on 3 relationships related to well-being: the death of climbing partner Stéphane Brosse, team members’ shared values, and her relationship with partner Emelie Forsberg. An expansion of identity, health, and well-being research on extreme-sport athletes beyond simplistic portrayals of them as pathological risk takers and/or motivated by personality traits was gained from these findings.
Anticipation and Situation-Assessment Skills in Soccer Under Varying Degrees of Informational Constraint
Authors: Basevitch Itay , Tenenbaum Gershon , Filho Edson , Razon Selen , Boiangin Nataniel , Ward Paul
Published: February 2020

The authors tested the notion that expertise effects would be more noticeable when access to situational information was reduced by occluding (i.e., noncued) or freezing (i.e., cued) the environment under temporal constraints. Using an adaptation of tasks developed by Ward, Ericsson, and Williams, the participants viewed video clips of attacking soccer plays frozen or occluded at 3 temporal points and then generated and prioritized situational options and anticipated the outcome. The high-skill players anticipated the outcomes more accurately, generated fewer task-irrelevant options, and were better at prioritizing task-relevant options than their low-skill counterparts. The anticipation scores were significantly and positively correlated with the option prioritization and task-relevant options generated but not with the total options generated. Counter to the authors’ prediction, larger skill-based option-prioritization differences were observed when the play was frozen than when it was occluded. These results indicate that processing environmental information depends on temporal and contextual conditions.
Validity of an Inexpensive Hanging Scale During Isometric Shoulder Movements
Authors: Oliveira Matheus Lima , Ferreira Isabela Christina , Ferreira Kariny Realino , Silveira-Nunes Gabriela , Barbosa Michelle Almeida , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho
Published: February 2020

Context: Strength assessment is essential to prescribe exercise in sports and rehabilitation. Low-cost valid equipment may allow continuous monitoring of training. Objective: To examine the validity of a very low-cost hanging scale by comparing differences in the measures of peak force to a laboratory grade load cell during shoulder abduction, flexion, extension, and internal and external rotations. Design: Analytical study. Participants: Thirty-two healthy subjects (18 women, age 26 [10] y, height 172 [8] cm, mass 69 [13] kg, body mass index 23 [4] kg/m2). Main Outcome Measures: The dependent variable was the maximal peak force (in kilogram-force). The independent variable was the instrument (laboratory grade load cell and hanging scale). Results: No differences were observed while comparing the results. The intraclass correlation coefficients1,1 ranged from .96 to .99, showing excellent results. The Cronbach alpha test also returned >.99 for all comparisons. The SEM ranged from 0.02 to 0.04 kgf, with an averaged SD from 0.24 to 0.38 kgf. The correlation was classified as high for all tested movements (r > .99; P < .001), with excellent adjusted coefficients of determination (.96 < r2 < .99). Bland–Altman results showed high levels of agreement with bias ranging from 0.27 to 0.48. Conclusions: Hanging scale provides valid measures of isometric strength with similar output measures as laboratory grade load cell.
A single-nucleotide polymorphism in a
Plasmodium berghei
ApiAP2 transcription factor alters the development of host immunity
Authors: Akkaya Munir , Bansal Abhisheka , Sheehan Patrick W. , Pena Mirna , Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Orchard Lindsey M. , Cimperman Clare K. , Qi Chen-Feng , Ross Philipp , Yazew Takele , Sturdevant Daniel , Anzick Sarah L. , Thiruvengadam Girija , Otto Thomas Dan , Billker Oliver , Llinás Manuel , Miller Louis H. , Pierce Susan K.
Published: February 2020

ApiAP2 transcription factor PBANKA_011210 is a novel
Plasmodium
virulence factor that blocks induction of host’s immune response.
Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies
Authors: Sallon Sarah , Cherif Emira , Chabrillange Nathalie , Solowey Elaine , Gros-Balthazard Muriel , Ivorra Sarah , Terral Jean-Frédéric , Egli Markus , Aberlenc Frédérique
Published: February 2020

Genetic and morphometric analysis of germinated ancient date seeds provide initial insights into origins of the Judean date palm.
A model of collective behavior based purely on vision
Authors: Bastien Renaud , Romanczuk Pawel
Published: February 2020

From minimal visual information, organized collective behavior can emerge without spatial representation or collisions.
Tropical forests did not recover from the strong 2015–2016 El Niño event
Authors: Wigneron Jean-Pierre , Fan Lei , Ciais Philippe , Bastos Ana , Brandt Martin , Chave Jérome , Saatchi Sassan , Baccini Alessandro , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: February 2020

Microwave satellite observations reveal that tropical forests did not recover from the strong 2015–2016 El Niño event.
Dual pH-sensitive nanodrug blocks PD-1 immune checkpoint and uses T cells to deliver NF-κB inhibitor for antitumor immunotherapy
Authors: Xiao Zecong , Su Zhenwei , Han Shisong , Huang Jinsheng , Lin Liteng , Shuai Xintao
Published: February 2020

A potent drug delivery strategy promotes tumor infiltration of T cells and unleashes antitumor immunity.
Distinct immune phenotypes in infants developing asthma during childhood
Authors: Thysen Anna Hammerich , Waage Johannes , Larsen Jeppe Madura , Rasmussen Morten Arendt , Stokholm Jakob , Chawes Bo , Fink Nadia Rahman , Pedersen Tine Marie , Wolsk Helene , Thorsteinsdottir Sunna , Litman Thomas , Renz Harald , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans , Brix Susanne
Published: February 2020

Early immune responses are associated with different asthma trajectories in children.
APOE4 exacerbates α-synuclein pathology and related toxicity independent of amyloid
Authors: Zhao Na , Attrebi Olivia N. , Ren Yingxue , Qiao Wenhui , Sonustun Berkiye , Martens Yuka A. , Meneses Axel D. , Li Fuyao , Shue Francis , Zheng Jiaying , Van Ingelgom Alexandra J. , Davis Mary D. , Kurti Aishe , Knight Joshua A. , Linares Cynthia , Chen Yixing , Delenclos Marion , Liu Chia-Chen , Fryer John D. , Asmann Yan W. , McLean Pamela J. , Dickson Dennis W. , Ross Owen A. , Bu Guojun
Published: February 2020

APOE4 exacerbates α-synuclein pathology in a synucleinopathy mouse model, and
APOE4
genotype associates with increased α-synuclein pathology in humans.
ESKAPE Bacteria and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Wastewater and Process Water from German Poultry Slaughterhouses
Authors: Savin Mykhailo , Bierbaum Gabriele , Hammerl Jens Andre , Heinemann Céline , Parcina Marijo , Sib Esther , Voigt Alexander , Kreyenschmidt Judith
Published: February 2020

Bacteria from livestock may be opportunistic pathogens and carriers of clinically relevant resistance genes, as many antimicrobials are used in both veterinary and human medicine. They may be released into the environment from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which are influenced by wastewater from slaughterhouses, thereby endangering public health. Moreover, process water that accumulates during the slaughtering of poultry is an important reservoir for livestock-associated multidrug-resistant bacteria and may serve as a vector of transmission to occupationally exposed slaughterhouse employees. Mitigation solutions aimed at the reduction of the bacterial discharge into the production water circuit as well as interventions against their further transmission and dissemination need to be elaborated. Furthermore, the efficacy of in-house WWTPs needs to be questioned. Reliable data on the occurrence and diversity of clinically relevant bacteria within the slaughtering production chain and in the WWTP effluents in Germany will help to assess their impact on public and environmental health.
The Dynll1-Cox4i1 Complex Regulates Intracellular Pathogen Clearance via Release of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Yuan Jiangbei , Zheng Zihan , Wang Liting , Ran Haiying , Tang Xiangyu , Xie Xiaodong , Li Fei , Liu Fang , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhang Jiale , Zhang Junying , Huang Yi , Xia Xuefeng , Wan Ying
Published: February 2020

Cellular membrane proteins are a critical part of the host defense mechanisms against infection and intracellular survival of
Listeria monocytogenes
. The complex spatiotemporal regulation of bacterial infection by various membrane proteins has been challenging to study. Here, using mass spectrometry analyses, we depicted the dynamic expression landscape of membrane proteins upon
L. monocytogenes
infection in dendritic cells. We showed that Dynein light chain 1 (Dynll1) formed a persistent complex with the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase Cox4i1, which is disturbed by pathogen insult.
Effect of Lipidation on the Localization and Activity of a Lysozyme Inhibitor in
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Ragland Stephanie A. , Gray Mary C. , Melson Elizabeth M. , Kendall Melissa M. , Criss Alison K.
Published: February 2020

Neisseria gonorrhoeae
is one of many bacterial species that express multiple lysozyme inhibitors. It is unclear how inhibitors that differ in their subcellular localization contribute to defense from lysozyme. We investigated how lipidation of SliC, an MliC (membrane-bound lysozyme inhibitor of c-type lysozyme)-type inhibitor, contributes to its localization and lysozyme inhibitory activity. We found that lipidation was required for surface exposure of SliC and yet was dispensable for protecting the gonococcus from killing by lysozyme. To our knowledge, this is the first time the role of lipid anchoring of a lysozyme inhibitor has been investigated. These results help us understand how different lysozyme inhibitors are localized in bacteria and how this impacts resistance to lysozyme.
Evaluation of Serum Cryptococcal Antigen Testing Using Two Novel Semiquantitative Lateral Flow Assays in Persons with Cryptococcal Antigenemia
Authors: Skipper Caleb , Tadeo Kiiza , Martyn Emily , Nalintya Elizabeth , Rajasingham Radha , Meya David B. , Kafufu Bosco , Rhein Joshua , Boulware David R.
Published: February 2020

Early cryptococcal disease can be detected via circulating antigen in blood before fulminant meningitis develops, when early antifungal therapy improves survival. Two semiquantitative cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) lateral flow assays (LFAs) have been developed, but their diagnostic performance has not been defined. Cryopreserved serum samples from HIV-infected Ugandans obtained as part of a prospective CrAg-screening cohort were tested in duplicate for CrAg by the CrAgSQ (IMMY) and CryptoPS (Biosynex) lateral flow assays.
Continental-scale geographic change across Zealandia during Paleogene subduction initiation
Authors: Sutherland R. , Dickens G.R. , Blum P. , Agnini C. , Alegret L. , Asatryan G. , Bhattacharya J. , Bordenave A. , Chang L. , Collot J. , Cramwinckel M.J. , Dallanave E. , Drake M.K. , Etienne S.J.G. , Giorgioni M. , Gurnis M. , Harper D.T. , Huang H.-H.M. , Keller A.L. , Lam A.R. , Li H. , Matsui H. , Morgans H.E.G. , Newsam C. , Park Y.-H. , Pascher K.M. , Pekar S.F. , Penman D.E. , Saito S. , Stratford W.R. , Westerhold T. , Zhou X.
Published: February 2020

Data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 371 reveal vertical movements of 1–3 km in northern Zealandia during early Cenozoic subduction initiation in the western Pacific Ocean. Lord Howe Rise rose from deep (∼1 km) water to sea level and subsided back, with peak uplift at 50 Ma in the north and between 41 and 32 Ma in the south. The New Caledonia Trough subsided 2–3 km between 55 and 45 Ma. We suggest these elevation changes resulted from crust delamination and mantle flow that led to slab formation. We propose a “subduction resurrection” model in which (1) a subduction rupture event activated lithospheric-scale faults across a broad region during less than ∼5 m.y., and (2) tectonic forces evolved over a further 4–8 m.y. as subducted slabs grew in size and drove plate-motion change. Such a subduction rupture event may have involved nucleation and lateral propagation of slip-weakening rupture along an interconnected set of preexisting weaknesses adjacent to density anomalies.
Magnetotelluric imaging of a fossil oceanic plate in northwestern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xu Y.X. , Yang B. , Zhang A.Q. , Wu S.C. , Zhu L. , Yang Y.J. , Wang Q.Y. , Xia Q.K.
Published: February 2020

Because an oceanic plate colliding with a continental plate will usually be subducted and recycled into the deep mantle, a fossil oceanic plate after the closure of an ancient ocean has rarely been imaged in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. This has led to a long-standing debate about the fate of subducted ocean plates. The problem can be addressed by imaging the lithosphere in a continental accretion zone with past ocean subduction. We present a study using long-period magnetotelluric data that reveals a large shallow-mantle conductor in a Phanerozoic accretion area in northwestern Xinjiang, China. This conductor extends >300 km laterally at depths from 120 to 220 km and resembles a segment of a fossil oceanic plate. The reduced resistivity is ascribed to the volatile-bearing metasomatic minerals, based on its relatively fertile nature and low temperature. Our results demonstrate that an oceanic plate can be trapped in continental lithosphere, underscoring the significance of oceanic plate subduction to continental accretion, and shedding new light on our understanding of continental formation and evolution.
Cholestatic hepatitis with concomitant nephrotic syndrome due to late syphilis in an immunocompetent 32-year-old man
Authors: Kasper Philipp , Martin Anna , Nierhoff Dirk , Goeser Tobias
Published: February 2020

A 32-year-old man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of abnormal liver function tests and concurrent proteinuria. Physical examination revealed a maculopapular rash, involving the trunk and palms, and multiple ‘moth-eaten’ patches of alopecia. After a prolonged diagnostic work-up a hepatitis with concomitant nephrotic syndrome due to secondary syphilis was diagnosed. Treatment with benzylpenicillin led to complete clinical recovery. Syphilis is a re-emerging infectious disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inexplicable simultaneous liver and kidney dysfunction in patients with high-risk sexual behaviour.

Syphilis is a re-emerging infectious disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of inexplicable simultaneous liver and kidney dysfunction in patients with high-risk sexual behaviour.
Colistin-induced acquired Bartter-like syndrome: an unusual cause of meltdown
Authors: Tabish Mohammad , Mahendran Manjit , Ray Animesh , Vikram Naval Kishore
Published: February 2020

Colistin-induced nephrotoxicity is commonly associated with elevation of serum creatinine level or a reduction of urine output. Uncommonly, tubulopathy associated with colistin has been reported. Here we present a unique case of a 46-year-old man who developed polyuria, hypokalaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesemia and metabolic alkalosis after 3 days of therapy with intravenous colistimethate sodium. After ruling out other causes, a diagnosis of colistin-induced acquired Bartter syndrome was made. The patient required daily aggressive intravenous repletion of fluids and electrolytes. However, polyuria and metabolic abnormalities abated only after drug discontinuation.