bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From a ZIF-8 polyhedron to three-dimensional nitrogen doped hierarchical porous carbon: an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Xuan Cuijuan , Hou Baoshan , Xia Weiwei , Peng Zongkai , Shen Tao , Xin Huolin L. , Zhang Guoan , Wang Deli
Published: May 2018

Three-dimensional nitrogen doped hierarchical porous carbons are synthesized by NaCl-assisted pyrolysis exfoliation of a ZIF-8 polyhedron with enhanced ORR electrocatalytic activities.
Resolved millimeter-dust continuum cavity around the very low mass young star CIDA 1
Authors: Pinilla Paola , Natta Antonella , Manara Carlo F. , Ricci Luca , Scholz Aleks , Testi Leonardo
Published: May 2018

Context. Transition disks (TDs) are circumstellar disks with inner regions highly depleted in dust. TDs are observed in a small fraction of disk-bearing objects at ages of 1–10 Myr. They are important laboratories to study evolutionary effects in disks, from photoevaporation to planet–disk interactions.

Aim. We report the discovery of a large inner dust-empty region in the disk around the very low mass star CIDA 1 (M⋆ ~ 0.1−0.2 M⊙). Methods. We used ALMA continuum observations at 887 µm, which provide a spatial resolution of 0″.21 × 0″.12 (~15 × 8 au in radius at 140 pc).

Results. The data show a dusty ring with a clear cavity of radius ~20 au, the typical characteristic of a TD. The emission in the ring is well described by a narrow Gaussian profile. The dust mass in the disk is ~17 M⊕. CIDA 1 is one of the lowest mass stars with a clearly detected millimeter cavity. When compared to objects of similar stellar mass, it has a relatively massive dusty disk (less than ~5% of Taurus Class II disks in Taurus have a ratio of Mdisk/M⋆ larger than CIDA 1) and a very high mass accretion rate (CIDA 1 is a disk with one of the lowest values of Mdisk/Ṁ ever observed). In light of these unusual parameters, we discuss a number of possible mechanisms that can be responsible for the formation of the dust cavity (e.g. photoevaporation, dead zones, embedded planets, close binary). We find that an embedded planet of a Saturn mass or a close binary are the most likely possibilities.
An unusual face-on spiral in the wind of the M-type AGB star EP Aquarii
Authors: Homan Ward , Richards Anita , Decin Leen , de Koter Alex , Kervella Pierre
Published: May 2018

High-resolution interferometric observations of the circumstellar environments of AGB stars show a variety of morphologies. Guided by the unusual carbon monoxide line profile of the AGB star EP Aquarii, we have observed its circumstellar environment with ALMA band 6 in cycle 4. We describe the morphological complexity of the CO, SiO, and SO2 molecular emission. The CO emission exhibits the characteristics of a bi-conical wind with a bright nearly face-on spiral feature around the systemic velocity. This is the first convincing detection of a spiral morphology in an O-rich wind. Based on the offsets of the centres of the two bi-conical wind hemispheres, we deduce the position angle of the inclination axis to be ~150° measured anticlockwise from north. Based on the velocity width of the spiral signature, we estimate the inclination angle of the system to be between 4° and 18°. The central emission zone exhibits a morphology that resembles simulations modelling the spiral-inducing wind Roche-lobe overflow mechanism. Though the spiral may be a companion-induced density enhancement in the stellar outflow, the extremely narrow width of the spiral signature in velocity space suggests that it may be a hydrodynamical perturbation in a face-on differentially rotating disk. The SiO emission does not show the spiral, but exhibits a local emission void approximately 0.5″ west of the continuum brightness peak. We hypothesise that this may be a local environment caused by the presence of a stellar companion with a mass of at most 0.1 M⊙, based on its non-detection in the continuum. Finally, the SO2 emission remains confined to a 0.5″ radius, and does not show any obvious substructure, but it exhibits a clear rotation signature. Combined, the properties of the molecular emission favour the face-on rotating disk scenario. We observe unexpectedly large red- and blue-shifted wings in the spectral line of SiO, which could be explained by the potential non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) nature of driven, mixed, partly granular fluids.
Timescales of major mergers from simulations of isolated binary galaxy collisions
Authors: Solanes J. M. , Perea J. D. , Valentí-Rojas G.
Published: May 2018

A six-dimensional parameter space based on high-resolution numerical simulations of isolated binary galaxy collisions has been constructed to investigate the dynamical friction timescales, τmer, for major mergers. Our experiments follow the gravitational encounters between ∼600 pairs of similarly massive late- and early-type galaxies with orbital parameters that meet the predictions of the Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We analyse the performance of different schemes for tracking the secular evolution of mergers, finding that the product of the intergalactic distance and velocity is best suited to identify the time of coalescence. In contrast, a widely used merger-time estimator such as the exhaustion of the orbital spin is shown to systematically underpredict τmer, resulting in relative errors that can reach 60% for nearly radial encounters. We find that the internal spins of the progenitors can lead to total variations in the merger times larger than 30% in highly circular encounters, whereas only the spin of the principal halo is capable of modulating the strength of the interaction prevailing throughout a merger. The comparison of our simulated merger times with predictions from different variants of a well-known fitting formula has revealed an only partially satisfactory agreement, which has led us to recalculate the values of the coefficients of these expressions to obtain relations that fit major mergers perfectly. The observed biases between data and predictions, which do not only apply to the present work, are inconsistent with expectations from differences in the degree of idealisation of the collisions, their metric, spin-related biases, or the simulation set-up. This indicates a certain lack of accuracy of the dynamical friction modelling, arising perhaps from a still incomplete identification of the parameters governing orbital decay.
Assessment of image quality and radiation dose in some models of digital radiography systems – A Pehamed FLUORAD A + D phantom study
Authors: Kaheni H. , Chaparian A. , Nafisi-Moghadam R. , Hamzian N.
Published: May 2018

Digital radiography (DR) systems have been recently introduced as a developed technology that is replacing conventional film–screen systems in many countries around the world. Ideal situation in radiography is to maximize the image quality while minimizing the patient dose. The purpose of this study was to compare image quality and radiation dose in different digital radiography systems. Four different digital systems are compared in terms of their image quality performance and dose area product (DAP). Images of Pehamed FLUORAD A + D phantom were obtained for each DR system. Image quality parameters (contrast resolution (CR), spatial resolution (SR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)) and DAP were significantly different between different digital systems. It was shown that all four quantities increased with increasing exposure parameters in all systems. Image quality parameters of the SEDECAL system were higher than that in other systems (p ≤ 0.05). At the stable DAP (100 mGy.cm2), means of CR, CNR, and SR in the SEDECAL system were 6.38 ± 0.797, 29.70 ± 0.85 and 3.10 ± 0.38 lp/mm, respectively. The results of this investigation can be taken into consideration in the selection and purchasing of new systems in order to preserve patients as well as radiographers from unnecessary radiation dose.
The role of the public in the French nuclear sector: the case of “Local Information Commissions” (CLIs) for nuclear activities
Authors: Kerveillant M.
Published: May 2018

This dissertation seeks to understand what role the public plays, through CLIs (Commission of Local Information), in the governance of nuclear safety. It presents an in-depth longitudinal case from the French nuclear sector and proposes a pragmatist framework to study the construction and maintenance of the public over time. The author analyzes the circumstances in which the people potentially impacted by nuclear activities can become active participants in the governance of such high-risk industries, and how they can organize themselves and build a common voice. The dissertation establishes that when CLIs play both the role of a “Generalized Other” representing the public’s voice, and the role of a civil provider of second opinions, able to discuss the complex subjects at stake, they become a powerful and legitimate stakeholder in nuclear safety governance. In such circumstances, CLIs should be able to conduct investigations that are both commonsensical and technical. These characteristics would make CLI-led investigations all the more rich and useful for the governance of nuclear safety. The technical aspect (with the help of experts and specialists) would reinforce the legitimacy of such investigations in the eyes of nuclear actors, and their commonsensical or “layman’s view” aspect would provide an alternative view of nuclear questions in the safety debate, potentially leading to creative ways of addressing the issues and situations at stake.
Mise en œuvre de l’Éducation à la Santé Familiale (ESF) en Lorraine
Authors: de Montfalcon Andréanne , d’Ivernois Jean-François , Riquet Sébastien , Frété François , Deutscher Jean-Louis , Gagnayre Rémi , Foucaut Aude-Marie
Published: May 2018

Introduction :Les limites des actions de prévention primaire, les déserts médicaux, la saturation et l’inadéquation du recours aux soins d’urgence sont autant de constats amenant à proposer un nouveau concept innovant : l’Éducation à la Santé Familiale (ESF). Cette nouvelle Éducation en santé se propose de délivrer aux familles des compétences de gestion des problèmes de santé courants et de situations d’urgences.Objectif : Cet article présente l’évaluation de la mise en œuvre de l’ESF en Lorraine du point de vue des intervenants et des participants.Méthodes : Après une formation, les intervenants ont animé les modules d’ESF auprès des participants volontaires de trois territoires. La perception de leur formation à l’ESF, leur perception du concept d’ESF et leur point de vue sur l’organisation des ateliers sont évalués. La satisfaction, le sentiment de compétence et d’influence face à des situations problèmes des participants à la formation ESF sont également renseignés.Résultats : Les intervenants sont prêts à réitérer l’expérience. Les participants, très satisfaits, se sentent compétents et ont le sentiment qu’ils auront de l’influence sur les diverses situations complexes qu’ils pourraient rencontrer.Discussion : Le déploiement de l’ESF dans d’autres régions fera l’objet d’une analyse à partir des adaptations pédagogiques et organisationnelles qui découlent de cette expérimentation.Conclusion : Cette étude contribue à montrer l’intérêt de l’intégration de l’ESF dans le champ des éducations en santé afin de répondre aux enjeux sanitaires et sociaux actuels.
Medical and Semi-surgical Treatments for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Wacker Katrin , Baratz Keith , Fautsch Michael , Patel Sanjay
Published: May 2018

Unraveling the genetic mechanisms of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy has opened new possibilities for future targeted medical therapy of the disease. Until these possibilities mature, regenerative semi-surgical approaches by cell injection or cell sheet transfer could help expand the donor pool, and possibly enable autologous transplantation. Descemet membrane stripping alone and acellular Descemet membrane transfer are more immediate surgical approaches that could be temporary treatments in some patients, though there is a lack of understanding of the factors that predict success for these procedures. Regardless of approach, clinical trials will be necessary, and clinicians should therefore try to standardize their methods of assessing disease severity and the outcomes of intervention.
Straight-Leg-Raise-Test
Authors: Binder Raymond
Published: May 2018

Assessments sind objektive standardisierte Testverfahren, mit denen sich in der
Physiotherapie die Situation des Patienten beurteilen lässt. Sie liefern
Hinweise für die Optimierung und weitere Therapieplanung. Die AG Akademisierung
stellt im VPTMAGAZIN valide Tests steckbriefartig vor.
Radial Arterial Access for Hepatobiliary and Gastrointestinal Arterial Interventions: Initial Experience
Authors: Rachapalli Vamsidhar , Jaganathan Sriram , Palaniswamy Mohnish , Tiruchunapalli Deepashree , Chappidi Sridhar , Inuganti Srikar , Uthappa Mangerira
Published: May 2018

Introduction Radial artery access is being more commonly used for visceral and peripheral arterial interventions. Its use in the Indian subcontinent is not well reported. The aim of this study was to report outcomes of radial arterial access during arterial interventions of the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal system.

Methods In this retrospective study, patients who underwent radial artery access for hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal interventions from January 2015 to June 2017 were identified from the interventional database. Complications related to radial artery access and catheter placement in the visceral arteries, procedural modifications, and conversion to the standard femoral arterial access were analyzed.

Results Total 32 patients were included in this study. Total 46 procedures (radial artery access) were performed. Nine patients had radial artery access on more than two occasions; 95% of the procedures involved interventional oncologic treatments. Patients were followed up for an average of 4 months following radial arterial access. Technical success was 98.7%. One patient developed radial artery spasm, and the access was abandoned. This patient subsequently underwent brachial arterial access. No patient required conversion to a femoral arterial access. No other complications were encountered during the follow-up. Compared with femoral arterial access, radial arterial access required longer catheters were needed for super selective catheterization of the visceral arteries.

Conclusion Radial arterial access for arterial interventions in the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems was technically feasible with no significant complications. Long catheters are required for selective catheterization of the visceral arteries with this approach.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism Thrombolysis: Early Clinical Markers of Treatment Efficacy
Authors: Portnoy Elie , Wadhwa Vibhor , Barbosa Mariana , Weiss Clifford , Holly Brian , Lessne Mark , Hong Kelvin , Tamrazi Anobel
Published: May 2018

The authors seek to evaluate hemodynamic parameters as potential clinical markers of real-time clinical improvement among patients with massive pulmonary embolism (PE) in correlation with post-thrombolytic pulmonary arterial pressure improvement and overall clinical outcome. Thirteen patients with submassive or massive PE were admitted to the interventional radiology service and treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis. Among the four patients who qualified as massive PE, systolic blood pressure (BP) and vasopressor dependence suggested meaningful trends toward clinical improvement, after only 26.4% of treatment course/dose. Hemodynamic parameters such as systolic BP and inotropic vasopressor dependence may be considered in future treatment protocols as early indicators of treatment response.
Middle Ear Actinomycosis
Authors: Coutinho Gil , Spratley Jorge , Saldanha Inês , Castro Cristina , Pinheiro Jorge , Santos Margarida
Published: May 2018

Middle ear actinomycosis is an atypical and exceedingly rare anaerobic infection. The authors report a case of a 7-year-old girl with persistent right side otalgia, conductive hearing loss, and headache. Otoscopic findings included a thickened, intact, and bulging tympanic membrane. Computed tomography imaging revealed soft tissue density filling the middle ear with areas of bone erosion. Typical sulfur granules were found on surgical exploration. Actinomycosis was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Penicillin was prescribed for 5 weeks followed by oral amoxicillin for 6 months. Recovery was uneventful and with a 2-year follow-up, no recurrence or complications were observed.
Myasthenie – Exazerbation und Krise
Authors: Schroeter Michael , Thayssen Günther , Kaiser Julia
Published: May 2018

Exazerbation und Krise stellen die schwersten Verlaufsformen einer Myasthenia gravis dar. Die myasthene Krise ist auch heutzutage immer noch mit einer Letalität von mindestens 2 – 3% verbunden. In dieser Übersicht stellen wir dar, wie Exazerbation oder drohende Krise vermieden, erste Anzeichen erkannt und eine konsequente Therapie eingeleitet werden kann. Dazu können neben einer sinnvollen symptomatischen Therapie mit Cholinesterasehemmer, die Therapie mit Immunadsorption oder Plasmaseparation, Immunglobulinen und Kortisongaben, die immunsuppressive Therapie und die Gabe von monoklonalen Antikörpern gehören. Die neurointensivmedizinischen Maßnahmen schließen ein strukturelles Dysphagie-Assessment und die Behandlung eines Delirs mit ein. Besonderer Aufmerksamkeit bedürfen das perioperative Management bei der Thymektomie, die Beatmung und die Entwöhnung vom Respirator.

Die Einleitung einer konsequenten immunsuppressiven Therapie und die Anbindung an eine spezialisierte Behandlungseinheit helfen erneute Exazerbationen und Krisen zu verhindern.
Die okuläre Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Kirzinger Lukas , Schötz Sophie , Schalke Berthold
Published: May 2018

In historischen Publikationen wurde die okuläre Myasthenie (MG) stets als eigenständige Entität beschrieben. Allerdings entwickeln weit über 50 % der Patienten im Verlauf eine generalisierte Myasthenie. Ausschließlich okuläre Symptome können bei allen erworbenen Myasthenien die Initialsymptomatik darstellen, trotzdem scheint es eine kleine Gruppe von Patienten zu geben, bei denen lebenslang nur eine rein okuläre Symptomatik auftritt. Spezielle Mechanismen der Immunologie, Biochemie und Pathophysiologie führen lokal zu sehr spezifischen Veränderungen an der neuromuskulären Synapse, die in einer rein okulären Myasthenie resultieren. Die Diagnostik ist dabei erschwert, da nur bei weniger als 50 % der Patienten Antikörper gegen den Acetylcholin Rezeptor oder MuSK nachweisbar sind. Dies erfordert stets eine sorgfältige Differenzialdiagnostik, um andere, isoliert okuläre Symptome verursachende Krankheitsentitäten nachzuweisen bzw. auszuschließen. Die Therapie der okulären Myasthenie unterscheidet sich nicht grundlegend von den anderen Subgruppen der Myasthenie. In der symptomatischen Behandlung wird sie mit Cholinesterasehemmern durchgeführt, die kausale Behandlung erfolgt immunsuppressiv mit Corticosteroiden und anderen üblicherweise eingesetzten Immunsuppressiva (Azathioprin, MMF etc.). Die Thymektomie wird im Allgemeinen bei der primär rein okulären Myasthenie nicht empfohlen. Kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien hierzu gibt es bisher jedoch nicht.
Myasthenie und Familienplanung, Schwangerschaft und Geburt
Authors: Thieme Andrea , Kalischewski Petra
Published: May 2018

Myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica betrifft Frauen im Alter unter 40 Jahren etwa 3-mal häufiger als Männer. Daraus resultieren für die Frauen und ihre behandelnden Ärzte zahlreiche Fragen zu Familienplanung, Schwangerschaft und Geburt bei Myasthenie. Das Outcome für Mutter und Kind hängt stark von dem Wissen über den Einfluss der Schwangerschaft auf die Myasthenie, über therapeutische Besonderheiten, über ihre Bedeutung für Entbindung und das Neugeborene ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die klinischen Besonderheiten und will Patientinnen und ihre Ärzte bei Kinderwunsch, im Verlauf von Schwangerschaft, Geburt sowie Neonatalperiode unterstützen.

Durch ausführliche Beratung, gute Vorbereitung, und Unterstützung durch Partner und Familie ist die Erfüllung des Kinderwunsches für Myasthenie-Patientinnen möglich. Die Risiken für Mutter und Kind lassen sich durch entsprechende Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und interdisziplinäre Behandlung sehr gering halten.
Therapiestandards und individualisierte Therapie bei der Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Urban Peter , Jacobi Christian , Jander Sebastian
Published: May 2018

Für die Myasthenia gravis stehen eine Reihe gut etablierter Therapiestandards zur Verfügung, die sowohl die symptomatische Therapie mit Acetylcholinesterasehemmern als auch eine breite Palette immunologisch-basierter Therapien umfassen. Hiermit lässt sich bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten ein gutes Therapieergebnis mit weitgehender Beschwerderemission erzielen. Für die optimale individualisierte Therapie bietet die Behandlung in spezialisierten Myastheniezentren mit der Integration ambulanter und stationärer Infrastruktur und breiter interdisziplinärer Kompetenz entscheidende Vorteile.
Der Arzt im Wirtschaftsstrafrecht: Welche Risiken bestehen, welche Präventionsinstrumente versprechen Erfolg?
Authors: Ebermann Thorsten , Schneider Hendrik
Published: May 2018

Die Einführung der Straftatbestände zur Bekämpfung von Korruption im Gesundheitswesen (§§ 299a, 299b StGB) haben bei den Normadressaten auf allen Ebenen Verunsicherung herbeigeführt. Diese wird durch unsubstantiierte Anzeigen seitens der Kostenträger und/oder den Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen sowie durch kontextlose und vorschnelle Auslegung der Rechtsmaterie (zuletzt seitens der Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Thüringen) teilweise künstlich aufrechterhalten. Dieser Beitrag macht nicht nur deutlich, welche (politische) Interessenslage bei den Kostenträgern und sonstigen Benefiziaren dieser unklaren Rechtlage besteht. Er zeigt darüber hinaus – unter Beachtung der eigentlich und ursprünglich gesetzgeberischen Motivationslage nebst Analyse der Tatbestandsmerkmale – anhand relevanter Fallgestaltungen auf, dass weiterhin eine Vielzahl an kooperativen Möglichkeiten zwischen Ärzten untereinander, Ärzten und Industrie sowie Ärzten und Krankenhäusern bestehen und unter welchen Voraussetzungen diese rechtlich möglich sind.
A finer point put on Raman scattering imaging
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: May 2018

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering technique allows for imaging of DNA aptamer conformations of Listeria monocyogenes for the first time.
A noninvasive method for detecting skin surface proteins
Authors: Cockbill Louisa
Published: May 2018

Novel techniques have been used to prepare a thumbnail-sized antibody array for the direct detection and quantification of dermal secretions.
Hypothyroidism affects lipid and glycogen content and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ expression in the ovary of the rabbit
Authors: Rodríguez-Castelán Julia , Méndez-Tepepa Maribel , Rodríguez-Antolín Jorge , Castelán Francisco , Cuevas-Romero Estela
Published: May 2018

Dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia are associated with ovarian failure and both have been related to hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism promotes anovulation and ovarian cysts in women and reduces the size of follicles and the expression of aromatase in the ovary of rabbits. Considering that ovarian steroidogenesis and ovulation depend on lipid metabolism and signalling, the aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of hypothyroidism on the lipid content and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ in the ovary. Ovaries from female rabbits belonging to the control (n = 7) and hypothyroid (n = 7) groups were processed to measure total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG) and glycogen content, as well as to determine the presence of granules containing oxidized lipids (oxysterols and lipofuscin) and the relative expression of perilipin A (PLIN-A) and PPARδ. Hypothyroidism increased TC and glycogen content, but reduced TAG content in the ovary. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of PLIN-A in total and cytosolic extracts, changes in the presence of granules containing oxidative lipids and low PPARδ expression. The results of the present study suggest that hypothyroidism modifies the content and signalling of lipids in the ovary, possibly affecting follicle maturation. These results could improve our understanding of the association between hypothyroidism and infertility in females.
Nanostructured AA5005/Al2O3 composite manufactured by anodising and accumulative roll bonding
Authors: Jamaati Roohollah
Published: May 2018

In this study, nanostructured AA5005/6 vol.-% Al2O3 composite manufactured by anodising and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processes was investigated. The microstructure of the AA5005/Al2O3 composite after ninth ARB cycle exhibited a good distribution of alumina reinforcement particles in the AA5005 matrix. It was found that with increasing the number of cycles, the tensile strength of the monolithic and composite samples increased, but their ductility decreased at the first ARB cycle and then increased. The mean grain size of the composite sample after the ninth cycle was 88 nm. The tensile strength of the composite was 3.3 times higher than the initial AA5005 sheet. Observations revealed that the failure mode in the AA5005/Al2O3 composite was the shear ductile fracture.
Pathways to improve the austenite–ferrite phase balance during resistance spot welding of duplex stainless steels
Authors: Arabi S. H. , Pouranvari M. , Movahedi M.
Published: May 2018

Two different transformation pathways were employed to improve the phase balance in the fusion zone (FZ) of 2304 duplex stainless steel during resistance spot welding: (i) downsloping current modification aiming at controlling the weld cooling rate and (ii) in situ post-weld short annealing of the weld aiming at formation of secondary austenite in the FZ. Both pathways enabled enhancing the austenite volume fraction in the FZ. However, the in situ post-weld annealing was more effective than the downsloping current modification. It was proved that generating a homogenous microstructure with an improved phase balance via proper in situ post-weld annealing treatment can enhance the corrosion resistance of the weld nugget compared to the unbalanced FZ produced in the as-welded condition.
EB1–Microtubule Interactions inXenopusEgg Extracts: Role of EB1 in Microtubule Stabilization and Mechanisms of Targeting to Microtubules
Authors: Tirnauer Jennifer S. , Grego Sonia , Salmon E.D. , Mitchison Timothy J.
Published: May 2018

EB1 targets to polymerizing microtubule ends, where it is favorably positioned to regulate microtubule polymerization and confer molecular recognition of the microtubule end. In this study, we focus on two aspects of the EB1–microtubule interaction: regulation of microtubule dynamics by EB1 and the mechanism of EB1 association with microtubules. Immunodepletion of EB1 from cytostatic factor-arrested M-phaseXenopus egg extracts dramatically reduced microtubule length; this was complemented by readdition of EB1. By time-lapse microscopy, EB1 increased the frequency of microtubule rescues and decreased catastrophes, resulting in increased polymerization and decreased depolymerization and pausing. Imaging of EB1 fluorescence revealed a novel structure: filamentous extensions on microtubule plus ends that appeared during microtubule pauses; loss of these extensions correlated with the abrupt onset of polymerization. Fluorescent EB1 localized to comets at the polymerizing plus ends of microtubules in cytostatic factor extracts and uniformly along the lengths of microtubules in interphase extracts. The temporal decay of EB1 fluorescence from polymerizing microtubule plus ends predicted a dissociation half-life of seconds. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching also revealed dissociation and rebinding of EB1 to the microtubule wall with a similar half-life. EB1 targeting to microtubules is thus described by a combination of higher affinity binding to polymerizing ends and lower affinity binding along the wall, with continuous dissociation. The latter is likely to be attenuated in interphase. The highly conserved effect of EB1 on microtubule dynamics suggests it belongs to a core set of regulatory factors conserved in higher organisms, and the complex pattern of EB1 targeting to microtubules could be exploited by the cell for coordinating microtubule behaviors.
Higher-Order Parabolic Equations with VMO Assumptions and General Boundary Conditions with Variable Leading Coefficients
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Gallarati Chiara
Published: May 2018

We prove weighted mixed $L_{p}(L_{q})$-estimates, with $p,q\in (1,\infty )$, and the corresponding solvability results for higher-order elliptic and parabolic equations on the half space ${\mathbb{R}}^{d+1}_{+}$ and on general $C^{2m-1,1}$ domains with general boundary conditions, which satisfy the Lopatinskii–Shapiro condition. We assume that the elliptic operators A have leading coefficients that are in the class of vanishing mean oscillations both in the time and the space variables and that the boundary operators have variable leading coefficients. The proofs are based on and generalize the estimates recently obtained by the authors in [6].
A Qualitative Study of the Real-world Experiences of Infectious Diseases Fellows Regarding Antibiotic Stewardship
Authors: Morgan Jake R , Barlam Tamar F , Drainoni Mari-Lynn
Published: May 2018

Background

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a major threat to public health, yet improper use of antibiotics remains high. Infectious Diseases (ID) fellows play a major role in antibiotic stewardship efforts, but there is little research on how they view stewardship activities. We performed a qualitative study to explore ID fellows’ experiences and perspectives regarding their antibiotic stewardship training and their role as future antibiotic stewards.

Methods

We conducted 17 in-depth interviews with ID fellows across the country. The interviews were transcribed verbatim by the study team, and we used grounded theory to generate themes from these interviews

Results

Fellows focused on concrete tasks of stewardship such as performing antibiotic approvals, didactic and case-based education, and interactions with other physicians and pharmacists. There was little focus on the broader public health relevance of antibiotic stewardship. Pharmacists, not ID physician leaders, were identified as fellows’ primary resource for antibiotic teaching. Several fellows suggested that stewardship programs should be led by pharmacists.

Conclusions

ID fellowship training is not successfully conveying the public health importance of antibiotic stewardship or the role of ID physicians as leaders of antibiotic stewardship programs. Fellows are more focused on concrete tasks related to stewardship. ID training programs and societies should consider developing robust curricula involving fellows in the operation of the stewardship program itself, not solely in antibiotic approvals, emphasizing aspects of the program such as complex problem solving that fellows find most compelling, and emphasizing the important role these programs serve in improving public health.
Validation of Noninvasive Absolute Intracranial Pressure Measurements in Traumatic Brain Injury and Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Kienzler Jenny C , Zakelis Rolandas , Bäbler Sabrina , Remonda Elke , Ragauskas Arminas , Fandino Javier
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) causes secondary damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Current methods of ICP monitoring require surgery and carry risks of complications.

OBJECTIVE

To validate a new instrument for noninvasive ICP measurement by comparing values obtained from noninvasive measurements to those from commercial implantable devices through this pilot study.

METHODS

The ophthalmic artery (OA) served as a natural ICP sensor. ICP measurements obtained using noninvasive, self-calibrating device utilizing Doppler ultrasound to evaluate OA flow were compared to standard implantable ICP measurement probes.

RESULTS

A total of 78 simultaneous, paired, invasive, and noninvasive ICP measurements were obtained in 11 ICU patients over a 17-mo period with the diagnosis of TBI, SAH, or ICH. A total of 24 paired data points were initially excluded because of questions about data independence. Analysis of variance was performed first on the 54 remaining data points and then on the entire set of 78 data points. There was no difference between the 2 groups nor was there any correlation between type of sensor and the patient (F[10, 43] = 1.516, P = .167), or the accuracy and precision of noninvasive ICP measurements (F[1, 43] = 0.511, P = .479). Accuracy was [−1.130; 0.539] mm Hg (CL = 95%). Patient-specific calibration was not needed. Standard deviation (precision) was [1.632; 2.396] mm Hg (CL = 95%). No adverse events were encountered.

CONCLUSION

This pilot study revealed no significant differences between invasive and noninvasive ICP measurements (P < .05), suggesting that noninvasive ICP measurements obtained by this method are comparable and reliable.
Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells: Salient Features and Possible Therapeutic Role
Authors: Muttini Aurelio , Barboni Barbara , Valbonetti Luca , Russo Valentina , Maffulli Nicola
Published: May 2018

This is a study of amniotic epithelial cells, which form the innermost layer of the amniotic membrane. These cells can be easily isolated and display peculiar and unique properties, such as plasticity and differentiation potential toward the 3 germinal layers, that may aid regeneration and/or repair of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. A robust literature based on in vitro, experimental, and clinical studies in large animals demonstrates that these cells can enhance the regeneration of tendons, bone, and articular cartilage. On the basis of these considerations, allotransplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells could be proposed for clinical trials in human orthopedic conditions.
Platelet-rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Exciting, But … are we there Yet?
Authors: Andia Isabel , Martin Jose I. , Maffulli Nicola
Published: May 2018

Joint conditions incapacitate free movement driving to a sedentary lifestyle, a major risk factor for chronic diseases. Regenerative procedures, involving the use of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells along with platelet-rich plasma (PRP), can help patients with these conditions. We describe the main characteristics of cellular products (bone marrow concentrate, stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from these tissues), and the potential benefits of combination with PRP in 3 scenarios: PRP lysates used during laboratory cell expansion; PRP to prime cellular products or the host tissue before cell implantation; PRP used as a vehicle for cell transplantation and to provide trophic signals. Clinical studies exploring the benefits of combination products are limited to case series and few controlled studies, involving either arthroscopy or percutaneous injections. Combination products are making their way to clinics but further experimental and clinical research is needed to establish protocols and indications.
Rab27a co-ordinates actin-dependent transport by controlling organelle-associated motors and track assembly proteins
Authors: Alzahofi Noura , Robinson Christopher L. , Welz Tobias , Page Emma L. , Briggs Deborah A. , Stainthorp Amy K. , Reekes James , Elbe David A. , Straub Felix , Tate Edward W. , Goff Philip S. , Sviderskaya Elena V. , Cantero Marta , Montoliu Lluis , Bailly Maryse , Kerkhoff Eugen , Hume Alistair N.
Published: May 2018

Cell biologists generally consider that microtubules and actin play complementary roles in long- and short-distance transport in animal cells. On the contrary, using melanosomes of melanocytes as a model, we recently discovered that motor myosin-Va, works with dynamic actin tracks, to drive long-range organelle dispersion in microtubule depleted cells. This suggests that in animals, as in yeast and plants, myosin/actin can drive long-range transport. Here we show that SPIRE1/2 and formin-1 (FMN1) proteins generate actin tracks required for myosin-Va-dependent transport in melanocytes. Moreover we show that, in addition to melanophilin/myosin-Va, Rab27a can recruit SPIRE1/2 to melanosomes, thereby integrating motor and track assembly activity at the organelle membrane. Based on this we suggest a model in which organelles and force generators (motors and track assemblers) are linked forming a cell-wide network that allows their collective activity to rapidly disperse the population of organelles long-distance throughout the cytoplasm.
RNA editing in nascent RNA affects pre-mRNA splicing
Authors: Hsiao Yun-Hua Esther , Bahn Jae Hoon , Yang Yun , Lin Xianzhi , Tran Stephen , Yang Ei-Wen , Quinones-Valdez Giovanni , Xiao Xinshu
Published: May 2018

In eukaryotes, nascent RNA transcripts undergo an intricate series of RNA processing steps to achieve mRNA maturation. RNA editing and alternative splicing are two major RNA processing steps that can introduce significant modifications to the final gene products. By tackling these processes in isolation, recent studies have enabled substantial progress in understanding their global RNA targets and regulatory pathways. However, the interplay between individual steps of RNA processing, an essential aspect of gene regulation, remains poorly understood. By sequencing the RNA of different subcellular fractions, we examined the timing of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing and its impact on alternative splicing. We observed that >95% A-to-I RNA editing events occurred in the chromatin-associated RNA prior to polyadenylation. We report about 500 editing sites in the 3′ acceptor sequences that can alter splicing of the associated exons. These exons are highly conserved during evolution and reside in genes with important cellular function. Furthermore, we identified a second class of exons whose splicing is likely modulated by RNA secondary structures that are recognized by the RNA editing machinery. The genome-wide analyses, supported by experimental validations, revealed remarkable interplay between RNA editing and splicing and expanded the repertoire of functional RNA editing sites.
Recent improvements inDSR
Authors: Kratzert Daniel , Krossing Ingo
Published: May 2018

TheDSRcomputer program has received many minor and major updates over the past two years. This publication describes some new features, such as disorder modelling on special positions, error detection for restraints and trifluoromethyl group modelling. Most importantly, the graphical user interfaces (GUIs) makeDSRa lot easier to use, especially in modelling disorder on special positions that would have been difficult to implement without a GUI. In addition, generating and editing of new fragments in the database is now much easier.
Quantitative theory of diffraction by cylindrical scroll nanotubes
Authors: Khadiev Azat , Khalitov Zufar
Published: May 2018

A quantitative theory of Fraunhofer diffraction by right- and left-handed multiwalled cylindrical scroll nanotubes is developed on the basis of the kinematical approach. The proposed theory is mainly dedicated to structural studies of individual nanotubes by the selected-area electron diffraction technique. Strong and diffuse reflections of the scroll nanotube were studied and explicit formulas that govern relations between the direct and reciprocal lattice of the scroll nanotube are achieved.
Supply chain antecedents of agile manufacturing in a developing country context
Authors: Abdallah Ayman Bahjat , Nabass Israa Hussein
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine supply chain practices that contribute most to the success of agile manufacturing (AM), and to examine their effects on its implementation levels in the Jordanian manufacturing sector. It also investigates the effect of AM on operational performance (OP).

Design/methodology/approach

The study is based on survey data collected from 294 manufacturing companies from different industry types in Jordan. Validity and reliability analyses were performed using SPSS and AMOS, and the study hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that supplier involvement, internal integration, and modularization of products positively and significantly affect AM. Customer involvement and postponement were insignificantly related to AM. Further, the results demonstrated that AM positively and significantly affect OP.

Originality/value

A limited number of previous studies investigated supply chain antecedents of AM. Further, there is no consensus among researchers on these practices. In addition, this area is underinvestigated in the developing countries in general and in Jordan in particular. The current study contributes to the literature by determining the most commonly linked supply chain practices to AM and examining their effects on its implementation levels in the context of a developing country, Jordan.
A game-theoretic strategic mechanism to control brand counterfeiting
Authors: Zameer Hashim , Wang Ying , Yasmeen Humaira , Mofrad Amirhossein Akhavan , Saeed Rashid
Published: May 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to design a game theory based model that not only provide theoretical basis to control brand counterfeiting, but it also provide a mechanism to enhance brand revenue.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used the dynamic game theory of incomplete information to understand and encounter the brand counterfeiting issues. The study analyzed the economic relationship of legitimate brand, counterfeiter and consumers using mixed strategy of the dynamic game theory of incomplete information.

Findings

The results have indicated that brands those take countermeasures to reduce counterfeiting earn maximum revenue, even when the legitimate brands and consumers are unaware from the actions of counterfeiting firms, the legitimate brands should take countermeasures to reduce counterfeiting to earn maximum revenue, and there exists optimal anti-counterfeiting cost for the legitimate brand. Further, this study provides theoretical basis where brand managers can decide to adopt or not to adopt anti-counterfeiting strategy, and also indicate the consequences of each decision.

Practical implications

Based upon the findings, the study put forward valuable managerial implications. The study revealed that the legitimate brand must emphasize on the significance of taking countermeasures against counterfeiter and also, brand managers should focus on making product traceable, empowering the consumer and ensuring coordination with government officials to control the counterfeiting issues.

Originality/value

This paper incorporates the role of legitimate brand, counterfeiter and a consumer to establish the dynamic game theory model using mixed strategy to understand and address the counterfeiting issues in the global market.
Factors affecting site selection of access-restricted residential communities in Ankara
Authors: Alkan-Gökler Leyla
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Ankara has experienced a recent rapid increase of residential communities that promise residents a comfortable lifestyle with strictly controlled entrances and several amenities. These luxury residential developments come in different forms, and are distributed unevenly across Ankara’s neighborhoods. Some neighborhoods become the center of gravity, and act like a magnet for these high-cost residential developments; however, most developers avoid making such costly investments in some other neighborhoods, which leads to an unfair distribution of profit across different locations in Ankara. The purpose of this paper is to examine the different factors affecting the site selection of different types of these real estate developments.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim of this study has been to examine the factors affecting the site selection of different types of access-restricted housing developments through a multiple discriminant analysis (DA).

Findings

The results of the analysis revealed that distance from the city center and the unit price of the current housing stock are associated with high scores in the discrimination of neighborhoods of different types of residential communities.

Practical implications

This paper implied a DA to create a better understanding of the site selection criteria behind access-restricted housing developments for policy makers to make better investment and management decisions.

Originality/value

The paper discusses the factors affecting the site selection of access-restricted residential communities in Ankara in order to show uneven distribution of profit across different locations caused by these developments.
An evaluation of property markets in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abere Chioma Oluwaseun , Ogunba Olusegun Adebayo , Dugeri Terzungwe Timothy
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Studies on the maturity status of Sub-Saharan African property markets are scanty. The absence of such studies appear to have made African property markets – such as the Nigerian market – unattractive to foreign investors who require market information to assess the viability of proposed investments. The purpose of this paper is to explore the maturity status of selected city property markets in Southwestern Nigeria (i.e. markets in the capital cities of Lagos, Ibadan and Osogbo), with a view to providing information for enhanced property investment in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted and expanded on property market maturity paradigms suggested by Keogh and D’Arcy (1994), Akinbogun et al. (2014) and Jones Lang LaSalle (2014) to measure the maturity status of the property markets in the Nigerian cities. The study investigated the maturity of three markets in Nigeria by scoring the stated views of a range of stakeholders (estate surveyors and valuers, public land administrators and financiers represented by commercial banks) across a range of ten indicators. The responses were classified by means of a five-point classification scale which expanded on the initial four-point scale developed by Dugeri (2011).

Findings

The three property markets were found to exhibit varying maturity characteristics (with weighted mean scores of 3.07, 2.71 and 2.51, respectively), representing emerging and immature stages of evolution on the maturity path. These results suggest that there is a correlation between the tier of the market and the level of property market maturity.

Practical implications

The study concluded that first- and second-tier city property markets have emerged sufficiently to the point where they may safely attract foreign direct and indirect investment from courageous foreign investors. However, the state governments and real estate professional regulatory bodies in the second and third markets need to undertake substantial remodeling of market structures to make them attractive to international investors.

Originality/value

The value of the paper is in providing much needed information for enhanced property investment in Africa.