bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Performance of Li-Ion Batteries in DC/AC Operating Mode for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Armenta-Deu Carlos , Carriquiry Juan Pedro
Published: May 2024

This work simulates the performance of lithium batteries for electric vehicles under different charge and discharge rates. The simulation is based on similarity factors for power, voltage and current, reproducing the real operation conditions of an electric vehicle at the model scale. Most current driving modes have been analysed corresponding to discharge rates from 0.1C to 0.37C. The simulation has also been applied to determine charging time using charge power in real conditions, from 6.1 kW to 18.3 kW (0.1 C to 0.3C). Driving conditions are obtained using equations for vehicle motion including all forces. Tests have been run under two configurations, continuous and alternate current circuits, to reproduce the two types of engines that electric vehicles use. The simulation shows very good agreement in charge and discharge processes, average deviation of 3% related to real conditions, and 1.6% between them, which proves the validity of the simulation process.
Flagellin Inhibits HIV Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines
Authors: Zhou Lina , Wang Xu , Khan Shazheb , Ho Wen-Zhe
Published: May 2024

Both bacteria product flagellin and macrophages are implicated in HIV infection/disease progression. However, the impact of their interaction on HIV infection and the associated mechanisms remain to be determined. We thus examined the effect of the flagellins on HIV infection of primary human macrophages. We observed that the pretreatment of macrophages with the flagellins from the different bacteria significantly inhibited HIV infection. The mechanistic investigation showed that the flagellin treatment of macrophages downregulated the major HIV entry receptors (CD4 and CCR5) and upregulated the CC chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES), the ligands of CCR5. These effects of the flagellin could be compromised by a toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) antagonist. Given the important role of flagellin as a vaccine adjuvant in TLR5 activation-mediated immune regulation and in HIV infection of macrophages, future investigations are necessary to determine the in vivo impact of flagellin-TLR5 interaction on macrophage-mediated innate immunity against HIV infection and the effectiveness of flagellin adjuvant-based vaccines studies.
Acute Pancreatitis in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (AcuPA Study). A Nationwide Survey in Poland
Authors: Morawiak Anna , Salamonowicz Małgorzata , Królak Aleksandra , Kałwak Krzysztof , Owoc-Lempach Joanna , Kowalczyk Jerzy , Zawitkowska Joanna , Szczepański Tomasz , Irga-Jaworska Ninela , Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska Elżbieta , Albrecht Katarzyna , Szmydki-Baran Anna , Balwierz Walentyna , Czogała Małgorzata , Wachowiak Jacek , Derwich Katarzyna , Młynarski Wojciech , Zalewska-Szewczyk Beata , Krawczuk-Rybak Maryna , Sawicka- Żukowska Małgorzata , Styczyński Jan , Kołtan Andrzej , Safranow Krzysztof , Urasiński Tomasz , Ociepa Tomasz
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for acute pancreatitis (AP) and its impact on outcomes in Polish children treated for ALL. Methods: The study group included 2303 children who received intensive chemotherapy for ALL. The group was subdivided into patients with at least one episode of AP and those who did not develop AP following treatment for ALL. Results: The cumulative incidence of AP in the study group was 4.08%. Older age was an independent risk factor for AP development (OR 1.05; 95%CI: 1.006 – 1.098; p=0.03). The overall mortality related to AP was 2.13%. The probabilities of disease-free survival (p-DFS) and event-free survival (p-EFS) were 0.84 vs. 0.86, log-rank: p=0.65 and 0.75 vs. 0.80, log-rank: p=0.12, respectively in both subgroups. A total of 22 out of 94 patients (23.4%) with AP were re-exposed to asparaginase (ASP) during the subsequent phases of the treatment. Only one re-exposed to ASP patient (4.5%) developed a second episode of AP. There were no significant differences in p-DFS and p-EFS between patients re-exposed and not re-exposed to asparaginase (0.78 vs. 0.86, log-rank p=0.27 and 0.63 vs. 0.79, log-rank p=0.09 respectively). Conclusions: The incidence of AP in children with ALL is low and related to the patient’s age. AP development doesn’t seem to impact p-DFS and p-EFS in children with ALL. The recurrence of AP following re-exposure to asparaginase in patients with ALL and a history of AP is low (4.5%). Re-exposure to asparaginase after the first episode of AP doesn’t improve either p-DFS or p-EFS in children with ALL.
Evaluating Sexual Health in Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Study on the Interplay of Disability and Quality of Life
Authors: Dourou Panagiota , Gourounti Kleanthi , Lykeridou Aikaterini , Gaitanou Konstantina , Petrogiannis Nikolaos , Athanasiadou Chrysoula Rozalia , Sousamli Aikaterini , Xanthos Theodoros , Sarantaki Antigoni
Published: May 2024

In the context of evolving perceptions of sexuality, particularly within the realm of health and disability, this study investigates the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on female sexual function and quality of life. A quantitative study involving 130 female MS patients aged 35 to 50 was conducted, employing measures such as The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19), and The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Results indicate a significant association between greater sexual dysfunction and poorer quality of sex life, alongside the correlation of increased fatigue with diminished sexual satisfaction. Factors such as education level, time of diagnosis, and treatment regimen also influenced outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of supportive interventions, including counseling, to enhance the quality of sex life for women with disabilities, particularly those with MS.
On the Prediction of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) from the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for Subgrade Soil
Authors: Chokkerd Jirawat , Udomchai Artit , Sultornsanee Sivarit , Angkawisittpan Niwat , Jantosut Piyanat , Sangiamsak Noppadol , Kaewhanam Nopanom
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) for subgrade soil analysis. The paper aims to provide practical equations for predicting CBR values from DCP test results, enhancing the efficiency of soil assessments in engineering practice. By analyzing test data and proposing correlations for different soil groups, the study introduces recalibrated correlations that demonstrate high accuracy in predicting CBR values. The newly proposed equations offer reliable predictions with R2 values of 0.89, 0.92, and 0.94 for clean sand, silty sand or sandy silt, and cohesive soil, respectively. These correlations serve as valuable tools for engineers, enabling rapid and accurate CBR estimations for improved decision-making in various engineering projects.
Comprehensive Analysis of Kisspeptin Signaling: Effects on Cellular Dynamics in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Rodríguez-Sarmiento Deisy Yurley , Rondón-Villarreal Paola , Scarpelli-Pereira Pedro Henrique , Bouvier Michel
Published: May 2024

Kisspeptin, a key neuropeptide derived from the KISS1 gene, is renowned for its critical role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproductive hormone secretion. Beyond its primary function in reproductive biology, emerging research has illuminated its influence in various cancers, mediating significant effects through its interaction with the G-protein coupled receptor, Kisspeptin receptor. This interaction has been implicated in modulating cellular pro-cesses such as proliferation and metastasis, making it a potential target for therapeutic interven-tion. Our study initially screened ten kisspeptin-10 analogs through cytotoxic effects of kisspep-tin-10 (KP10) and its analogs in several cancer types, including cervical, prostate, breast, and gastric cancers, with a particular focus on cervical cancer where the most profound effects were observed. Further exploration using kinase array assays revealed that these analogs specifically alter key kinases involved in cancer progression. Migration assays demonstrated a substantial decrease in cell motility, and Bioluminiscence Resonance Energy Transfer assays confirmed these analogs strong interactions with the kisspeptin receptor. Overall, our results indicate that these KP10 analogs not only hinder cervical cancer cell proliferation but also curtail migration through targeted modulation of kinase signaling, suggesting their potential as therapeutic ayfgents in managing cervical cancer progression. This comprehensive approach underscores the therapeutic promise of exploiting kisspeptin signaling in cancer treatment strategies.
Ant3D – a Fisheye Multi-camera System to Survey Narrow Spaces
Authors: Perfetti Luca , Fassi Francesco , Vassena Giorgio Paolo Maria
Published: May 2024

Although the field of geomatics has seen multiple technological advances in the recent years which enabled new applications and simplified the consolidated ones, some tasks remain challenging, inefficient, and time- and cost-consuming. This is the case of accurate tridimensional surveys of narrow spaces. Static laser scanning is an accurate and reliable approach but impractical for extensive tunnel environments; portable laser scanning is on the other hand time-effective and efficient but not very reliable without ground control constraints. This paper describes the development process of a novel image-based multi-camera system meant to solve this specific problem: delivering accurate, reliable, and efficient results. The development is illustrated from the system conceptualization and initial investigations to the design choices and requirements for accuracy. The resulted working prototype has been put to the test to verify effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Forage Soybean: Unveiling Its Potential in the Wheat-Based Rainfed Cropping Systems
Authors: Baral Rudra , Kim Jiyung , Bhattarai Bishwoyog , Massigoge Ignacio , Denson Ethan , Guareschi Cesar , Cominelli Sofía , Rud Joaquín Peraza , de Oliviera Jessica Bezerra , Helguera Paula Garcia , Ciampitti Ignacio A. , W. Rice Charles , Min Doohong
Published: May 2024

The Midwestern region of the United States has been experiencing periodic forage shortages due to frequent droughts, a growing livestock population, and reliance on traditional farming practices. This study evaluated the dry matter yield (DMY), forage nutritive value, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic viability of forage soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in a no-till winter wheat-based rainfed cropping system in the Midwest, USA. The research aimed to identify alternative summer forage crops that are drought-resilient, require lower inputs, mitigate seasonal gaps, and provide higher DMY and forage nutritive value compared to traditional forages. A four-year field experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications assessed these parameters at various growth stages and planting dates. Results showed that forage soybean had a high DMY (~13 Mg ha-1), especially when optimally planted and harvested at the R3 stage. Forage nutritive value, including crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), and relative feed value (RFV), was highest at early vegetative stages (V2-V3), meeting livestock nutritional requirements. Forage soybean also demonstrated good WUE (21 kg ha-1 mm-1), making it suitable for water-limited regions. Economic analysis indicated substantial net profits ($322 per hectare), confirming its economic viability. The study concludes that forage soybean is a promising summer forage option for Midwest growers, offering high-quality forage, efficient water use, and economic benefits. Further research, particularly animal feeding trials, is recommended to validate its potential for widespread adoption in cropping systems.
Quantum Stability of Hamiltonian
Evolution on a Finsler Manifold
Authors: ELGRESSY GIL , HORWITZ LAWRENCE
Published: May 2024

This paper is a study of a generalization of the quantum Riemannian Hamiltonian evolution, previously
analyzed by us in our work [6], in the geometrization of quantum mechanical evolution in a Finsler geometry.
We find results with dynamical equations governing the evolution of the trajectories defined by the expectation values of position. The analysis appears to provide an underlying geometry described by a geodesic equation, with connection form with a second term which is an essentially quantum effect.
These dynamical equations provide a new geometric approach to the quantum evolution where we suggest a definition for "local instability" in the quantum theory.
Drying of Cirina Forda Caterpillar: Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Bukamba Tshanga Célestin , Van Engeland Charlotte , Kapuku Kayiba Myriam , Kambashi Mutiaka Bienvenu , Bindelle Jérôme , Haut Benoit , Debaste Frédéric
Published: May 2024

Cirina forda caterpillars are a significant protein source in Central Africa, yet their preservation and consumption pose challenges. This study investigates the drying of Cirina forda caterpillars to enhance preservation methods and product quality. Caterpillars were subjected to drying experiments at temperatures ranging from 40°C to 70°C, using tunnel and oven dryers. The drying kinetics was analyzed using mathematical models, revealing a water diffusion-limited mechanism in all the tested conditions. The Newton model provided adequate estimations of the drying behavior, facilitating further practical dryer design. Shrinkage analysis indicated a two-step process independent of the drying conditions. Achieving a moisture content suitable for prolonged storage resulted in substantial volume loss, highlighting the challenges of preserving dried caterpillars. These findings shed light on how to optimize drying processes for Cirina forda caterpillars, crucial for sustaining protein sources in Central Africa.
Influence of Moisture Content on Some Mechanical Properties of Maize
Authors: Moya Manuel , Sánchez David , Romero José Ángel , Villar José Ramón
Published: May 2024

The mechanical properties of the materials stored inside agricultural silos influence the loads generated inside them. The different silo calculation methodologies allow predicting these loads under static and dynamic conditions if the mechanical properties of the stored materials are known. It has been known for many years that these properties are highly dependent on the moisture content of the material. However, to date there are not many studies focused on its determination. The goal of this research is the determination of the angle of internal friction, apparent cohesion, dilatancy angle and apparent specific weight of maize subjected to different moisture contents. Direct shear and oedometer assay devices were used for this purpose. In addition, the maize samples used were moistened using a climatic chamber. Moisture contents applied to maize sample ranged from 9.3% to 17.4%. The results obtained for the angle of internal friction and apparent cohesion, as well as those obtained for the apparent specific weight, were similar to those reported in the literature. However, the values obtained for the dilatancy angle of maize as a function of moisture content could not be compared because nothing has been published so far. The values obtained for this parameter overlap with those published for this material under ambient conditions. In addition, no direct relationship between the values obtained for this parameter and the moisture content of the sample could be found. Finally, the apparent specific weight increased with increasing moisture content of the samples, which differed from that published in the literature. The values provided here can be used for the optimization of storage and handling structures for granular agricultural materials using numerical methods.
A Wideband Circularly Polarized Dipole Antenna with Compact Size and Low-Pass Filtering Response
Authors: Lin Xianjing , Weng Zhang Run , Hong Yi Bin , Zhang Yao
Published: May 2024

This paper presents a compact wideband circularly polarized cross dipole antenna with low-pass filter response. It consists of two pairs of folded crossed dipole arms printed separately on both sides of the top substrate, and the two dipole arms on the same surface are connected by an annular phase-shifting delay line to generate circular polarization. A bent metal square ring and four small metal square rings around the cross dipoles are employed to introduce new resonant frequencies, effectively extending the impedance and axial ratio bandwidth. Four square patches printed on the middle substrate are connected to the ground plane by the vertical metal plates, in order to reduce the antenna height. Thus, a compact wideband circularly polarized antenna is realized. In addition, a transmission zero can be introduced at the upper frequency stopband by the bent metal square rings, without using extra filter circuits. For verification, the proposed model is implemented and tested. The overall size of the model is 90mm×90mm×33mm(0.37λ0×0.37λ0×0.14λ0, λ0 denotes the center operating frequency). The measured impedance bandwidth and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth are 53.3% and 41%, respectively. More than 15 dB upper-band radiation suppression level is realized, indicating a good low-pass filter response.
Genetic Analysis of Bifidobacteriaceae in a Fermented Milk and Colostrum Product in Relation to Immune Function
Authors: Ruggiero Marco
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the microbial composition of a commercially available Swiss fermented milk and colostrum product with a history of use in chronic condition management since 2014. The analysis, performed using the Axiom Microbiome Array, identified a high number of targets corresponding to microbial species classified as probiotics belonging to the Bifidobacteriaceae family. The array provided 28 unique targets, each corresponding to a specific microbe. Next, the amino acid sequences of beta-galactosidase and sialidase from Bifidobacteria and humans were studied because these enzymes are responsible for the production of GcMAF (Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor) from the Gc protein that is abundant in colostrum. The Bifidobacterial enzymes showed striking functional similarities with their human counterparts. In addition, the study explores the potential health benefits of this product with a focus on GcMAF and chondroitin sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan highly represented in milk and colostrum. The high concentration of specific Bifidobacteria strains contributes to these benefits through two mechanisms: enhanced GcMAF production and activation of chondroitin sulfate, which in turn exhibits GcMAF-like activity. These findings suggest that the Bifidobacteria-rich Swiss product could offer health benefits through these combined mechanisms.
On the Thorny Issue of Single-Submission
Authors: Izunobi Josephat U.
Published: May 2024

This article examines varying viewpoints on the single-submission policy in scientific publishing, which has recently come under attack. The rule permits the sequential, rather than simultaneous, submission of a manuscript to more than one journal and dictates that an author(s) must wait for a response from one journal before resubmitting the same work to another for consideration. A corollary is that legitimising multiple-submissions would create more problems than it could solve.
Overview of Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Deep Aman , Gupta Anish , Singh Shamsher , Khatoon Nahida , gupta Gopal
Published: May 2024

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of supercapacitors, highlighting their pivotal role in meeting the global demand for efficient energy storage solutions. Supercapacitors, with their high power density, rapid charge-discharge cycles, and extended cycle life, offer a compelling alternative to conventional batteries and capacitors. The review delves into the fundamental mechanisms of energy storage in supercapacitors, categorizing them into Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors. It discusses significant advancements in supercapacitor technology, including nanostructured materials, flexible and wearable supercapacitors, solid-state supercapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors, highlighting their potential applications across industries such as transportation, renewable energy, consumer electronics, and industrial power management. Through continued research and development, supercapacitors are poised to play a pivotal role in driving the transition towards a greener and more efficient future.
Current Perspectives of Antifungal Therapy: A Special Focus on Candida auris
Authors: Arumugam Ganeshkumar , Muthuselvam Manickam , Lima Patrícia Michelle Nagai de , Rajendran Rajaram , Junqueira Juliana Campos
Published: May 2024

Candida auris is considered an emerging Candida species that has rapidly spread all over the world. The evidence of its origin and emerging resistance is still unclear. The severe infection by this species causes significant mortality and morbidity among the elderly and immune compressed individuals. Development of drug resistance is the major factor associated with therapeutic failure of existing antifungal agents. Previous studies addressed the antifungal resistance profile and drug discovery for C. auris. However, comprehensive coverage of these information in a single investigation yet to be available. In this review, we have mainly focused on recent development in therapeutic strategy against C. auris. Based on the available information, several differential approaches were discussed, including existing antifungal drugs, chemical compounds, essential oils, natural products, antifungal peptides, immunotherapy, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, drug repurposing, and drug delivery systems. Among them, chemical medications, natural products, and antifungal peptides are the prime contributors. However, a limited number of resources are available to prove the efficiency of these potential therapies in clinical usage. Hence, we hope that the data gathered in this review can encourage in vivo studies and clinical trials.
Readability Analysis of Spanish-Language Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Garavito Jorge A. , Rodarte Patricia , Navarro Ronald A.
Published: May 2024

Background:

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used to quantify patient symptomatology when assessing intervention effectiveness as well as to guide patient-centered health-care management and research. Previous studies have analyzed the readability of PROMs used in orthopaedics in the English language; however, the readability of PROMs used in orthopaedics in the Spanish language has not been evaluated. Given the increasing number of Spanish-speaking individuals seeking orthopaedic care in the United States, it is imperative that PROMs are at an adequate reading level for patients to answer appropriately in their native language. This study aimed to assess the readability of publicly available Spanish-language PROMs used in orthopaedics.

Methods:

Searches of the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases were conducted to identify publicly available Spanish-language versions of PROMs used in orthopaedics. Additionally, the PROMIS Health Organization was contacted to obtain Spanish-language versions of the PROMIS (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) questionnaires. A total of 42 Spanish-language PROMs were identified and included in this study. The text of each PROM was inserted into multilingual readability software (legible.es), which analyzed the readability of each PROM using the Fernández Huerta and Índice de Legibilidad de Flesch-Szigriszt (INFLESZ) readability formulas. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the raw readability scores were calculated for the PROMs. The percentage of PROMs at or below the 6th-grade reading level was also calculated.

Results:

The mean readability of PROMs using the INFLESZ formula was at a 7th to 10th-grade reading level (mean = 63, SD = 16), and the mean readability using the Fernández Huerta formula was 68 (SD = 15). On average, 57% of the PROMs used in orthopaedics were at or below the INFLESZ 6th-grade readability level.

Conclusions:

Approximately half of Spanish-language PROMs used in orthopaedics are written at a reading level that does not meet the National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association recommendations at or below the 6th-grade level. PROM developers and translators should consider the importance of readability when translating PROMs, to maximize their use and efficacy among orthopaedic patients speaking that language.
Enhancement of the Consistency and Connectivity of the Ant-tracking Algorithm via 3D U-Net with Dual-Threshold Iteration
Authors: Choi Seunghun , Lee Min Je , Jung Yonggwon , Lee Juan , Kim Jineon , Cho Yongchae
Published: May 2024

The ant-tracking algorithm is commonly used to extract faults in geological structures. However, obtaining 3D ant-tracking data requires the calculation of various volume attributes. To obtain satisfactory data, it is necessary to iterate through the parameters of these attributes to achieve reasonable continuity. Moreover, due to the numerous parameters involved, the algorithm can produce different outputs with each execution. In this study, we aimed to enhance the performance of the ant-tracking algorithm by combining it with a basic U-Net structure. The input and corresponding labels to the model are "cubic shaped" 3D data segmented from the original 3D seismic volume to facilitate cross-validation with distinct regions. We used the label data as the single ant-tracking result to minimize the operator’s bias by executing the ant-tracking with several different parameters and executors and then taking the average. An evaluative comparison of three different loss functions (MAE, RMSE, and MSE) was conducted to identify the optimal function for training the model. Across five out of the six metrics, MSE function demonstrated predominant performance, leading to its adoption. Apart from this, a significant number of misinterpreted faults led us to propose the post-processing algorithm named "Dual-Threshold Iteration." It was initially used to extract fine blood vessels branching out from large vessels in medical image segmentation and adapted in our work to ensure a high level of continuity while ignoring worthless noise. Comparison with the F1 score and the number of 3D-connected components confirmed that the proposed method could generate reduced bias and smoothly connected fault structures.
End-of-Life Care for People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Minami Kotoko , Unozawa Chihiro , Matsunaga Arina , Kamei Tomoko
Published: May 2024

Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive inflammatory disease that has a typical illness trajectory. Awareness of unique disease courses as well as providing end-of-life care (EOLC) for COPD patients is important as most patients experience varied degrees of suffering toward the end of life. The purpose of this scoping review is to map out key concepts, main sources, and types of evidence available in the area of research on EOLC with multiple interventions for people with COPD.
Methods
This scoping review will be conducted following the latest Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. In addition, this review process will adhere to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The initial simple search concepts will be set out as "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" and “end-of-life care”. Based on the eligibility criteria, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, CINAHL with Full Text, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases will be searched, and all quantitative and qualitative studies of the after-year publication of each electronic database will be included. This process of literature selection will be carried out independently by each researcher. The results will be summarised in a narrative synthesis approach and the gaps and potential biases of the evidence identified by comparing the adopted articles for EOLC with multiple interventions for people with COPD.
Discussion
This scoping review will outline in detail the evidence and the gaps from primary studies that have been gathered from the qualitative and quantitative literature based on all eligibility criteria. Therefore, the results of this review will contribute to a new field of systematic reviews. Furthermore, providing an outline of an EOLC for COPD in this study may improve the practice of healthcare professionals in this area. Ethical approval and consent are not required as no human participants were involved in this study.
Systematic review registration
This research has been registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) (https://osf.io/upd4a)
A Deep Learning Approach for Evaluating the Efficacy and Accuracy of PoseNet for Posture Detection
Authors: Singh Gurinder , George Remya P , Ahmad Nazia , Hussain Sajithunisa , Ather Danish , Kler Rajneesh
Published: May 2024

This paper investigates the posture identification capabilities of a deep learning framework known as PoseNet across different platforms, including ml5.js and JavaScript. The primary objective is to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of PoseNet's performance in identifying and interpreting human poses across different scenarios. Combining the adaptability and accessibility of JavaScript with PoseNet to develop web-based posture detection applications that are intuitive to users is the subject of this research. A series of comprehensive experiments were conducted, employing a varied dataset to evaluate the performance of the model across various environments. PoseNet has the potential to be a valuable tool for real-time applications due to its constant and dependable ability to identify poses, as demonstrated by our research. The research offers various perspectives on the pragmatic challenges associated with the implementation of deep learning models in digital environments. Additionally, the implementation challenges and limitations are assessed. The findings provide a substantial contribution to the expanding domain of accessible machine learning by emphasizing the feasibility and efficacy of using frameworks based on JavaScript to accomplish intricate assignments such as posture detection.
Systematic Review on Neural Architecture Search
Authors: Avval Sasan Salmani Pour , Yaghoubi Vahid , Eskue Nathan D. , Groves Roger M.
Published: May 2024

Machine Learning (ML) has revolutionized various fields, enabling the development of intelligent systems capable of solving complex problems. However, the process of manually designing and optimizing ML models is often timeconsuming, labor-intensive, and requires specialized expertise. To address these challenges, Automatic Machine Learning (AutoML) has emerged as a promising approach that automates the process of selecting and optimizing ML models. Within the realm of AutoML, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has emerged as a powerful technique that automates the design of neural network architectures, the core components of ML models. It has recently gained significant attraction due to its capability to discover novel and efficient architectures that surpass human-designed counterparts. This manuscript aims to present a systematic review of the literature on this topic published between 2017 and 2023 to identify, analyze, and classify the different types of algorithms developed for NAS. The methodology follows the guidelines of Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methods. Consequently, this study identified 160 articles that provide a comprehensive overview of the field of NAS, encompassing discussion on current works, their purposes, conclusions, and predictions of the direction of this science branch in its main core pillars: Search Space (SSp), Search Strategy (SSt), and Validation Strategy (VSt). Subsequently, the key milestones and advancements that have shaped the field are highlighted. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and open issues that remain in the field. We envision that NAS will continue to play a pivotal role in the advancement of ML, enabling the development of more intelligent and efficient ML models for a wide range of applications.
Integrated bioprocessing and genetic strategies to enhance soluble expression of anti-HER2 immunotoxin in E. coli
Authors: Mani Sheida , Arab Bahareh , Akbari Vajihe , Chou C. Perry
Published: May 2024

Immunotoxins are widely applied for cancer therapy. However, bacterial expression of immunotoxins usually leads to the formation of insoluble and non-functional recombinant proteins. In this study, we aimed to improve soluble expression of a novel anti-HER2 immunotoxin under the regulation of the trc promoter in Escherichia coli by optimization of the cultivation conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). To conduct RSM, four cultivation variables (i.e., inducer concentration, post-induction time, post-induction temperature, and medium recipe), were selected for statistical characterization and optimization using the Box-Behnken design and Design Expert software. Based on the developed model using the Box-Behnken design, the optimal cultivation conditions for soluble expression of anti-HER2 immunotoxin were determined to be 0.1 mM IPTG for induction in the LB medium at 33 °C for 18 h. The expressed immunotoxin was successfully purified using affinity chromatography with more than 90% purity and its bioactivity was confirmed using cell-based ELISA. Technical approach developed in this study can be generally applied to enhance the production yield and quality of recombinant proteins using E. coli as the gene expression system.
Integrated catalytic systems for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction: A comprehensive evaluation of synergistic performance and combustion waste energy utilization
Authors: Bakhchin Dikra , Ravi Rajesh , Douadi Oumaima , Faqir Mustapha , Essadiqi Elhachmi
Published: May 2024

The global transition towards sustainable automotive vehicles has driven the demand for energy-efficient internal combustion engines with advanced aftertreatment systems capable of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in aftertreatment technologies, focusing on the synergistic integration of in-cylinder combustion strategies, such as low-temperature combustion (LTC), with post-combustion purification systems. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx traps (LNT), and diesel particulate filters (DPF) are critically examined, highlighting novel catalyst formulations and system configurations that enhance low-temperature performance and durability. The review also investigates the potential of energy conversion and recovery techniques, including thermoelectric generators and organic Rankine cycles, to harness waste heat from the exhaust and improve overall system efficiency. By analyzing the complex interactions between engine operating parameters, combustion kinetics, and emission formation, this study provides valuable insights into the optimization of integrated LTC-aftertreatment systems. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of considering real-world driving conditions and transient operation in the development and evaluation of these technologies. The findings presented in this article lay the foundation for future research efforts aimed at overcoming the limitations of current aftertreatment systems and achieving superior emission reduction performance in advanced combustion engines, ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient automotive technologies.
Inhibition of mitochondrial OMA1 ameliorates osteosarcoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Xia Xiaodan , Chen Lingyan , Chen Dejian , Pan Yiming , Mo Yimei , Lai Biyu , Zhang Da-wei
Published: May 2024

OMA1 is an ATP-independent zinc metalloprotease that is essential for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Depending on the type of cancer, a decrease in OMA1 expression has been linked to a better or worse prognosis for patients. The role of OMA1 in human osteosarcoma (OS), one of the most prevalent malignant bone tumors, remains elusive. Here, we observed elevated OMA1 expression in OS tumor tissues from two patients with advanced OS. Knockout of OMA1 in OS cells significantly reduces OS tumor weight and size, and lung metastatic nodules in BALB/c nude mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a significant decrease in Ki67 and an increase in cleaved caspase 3 in OMA1 knockout tumor samples. Mechanistically, we found that OMA1 deficiency increases the levels of PINK1 and Parkin, activates mitophagy, induces apoptosis, and reduces cell proliferation and invasion in OS cells. Lack of OMA1 also reduces the amount of cytosolic p53 and p53-associated cytosolic Parkin but increases mitochondrial p53, which may lead to enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, loss of OMA1 increases cytosolic glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) levels, leading to increased interaction between GSK3β and β-catenin and reduced cytosolic and nuclear β-catenin. This contributes, at least in part, to reduced cell proliferation and migration in OMA1-deficient cells. Moreover, we found that ciclopirox (CPX), an antifungal drug, induces OMA1 degradation in cultured OS cells. CPX also reduces tumor development of control OS cells, but does not further reduce tumor development of OMA1-deficient OS cells in mice. These findings strongly support an important role of OMA1 in OS tumorigenesis and suggest that OMA1 may be a valuable prognostic marker for OS and a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of OS.
Identifying and Optimizing Critical Process Parameters for Large-Scale Manufacturing of iPSC Derived Insulin-Producing β-cells
Authors: Yehya Haneen , Wells Alexandra , Majcher Michael , Nakhwa Dhruv , King Ryan , Senturk Faruk , Padmanabhan Roshan , Jensen Jan , Bukys Michael A.
Published: May 2024

Background
Type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disorder leading to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, requires lifelong insulin therapy. Islet transplantation offers a promising solution but faces challenges such as limited availability and the need for immunosuppression. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a potential alternative source of functional β-cells and have the capability for large-scale production. However, current differentiation protocols, predominantly conducted in hybrid or 2D settings, lack scalability and optimal conditions for suspension culture.
Methods
We examined a range of bioreactor scaleup process parameters and quality target product profiles that might affect the differentiation process. This investigation was conducted using an optimized HD-DoE protocol designed for scalability and implemented in 0.5L (PBS-0.5 Mini) vertical wheel bioreactors.
Results
A three stage suspension manufacturing process is developed, transitioning from adherent to suspension culture, with TB2 media supporting iPSC growth during scaling. Stage-wise optimization approaches and extended differentiation times are used to enhance marker expression and maturation of iPSC-derived islet-like clusters. Continuous bioreactor runs were used to study nutrient and growth limitations and impact on differentiation. The continuous bioreactors were compared to a Control media change bioreactor showing metabolic shifts and a more bcell-like differentiation profile. Cryopreserved aggregates harvested from the runs were recovered and showed maintenance of viability and insulin secretion capacity post-recovery, indicating their potential for storage and future transplantation therapies.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that stage time increase and limited media replenishing with lactate accumulation can increase the differentiation capacity of insulin producing cells cultured in a large-scale suspension environment.
The Readiness of Jordanian-listed Firms toward CAATTs Application in the Post Covid-19 Epidemic period
Authors: Alnatour Abdulrahman , Al-Mawali Hamzah , zaidan Hala , Kawuq Shatha , meqbel Rasmi
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This study examines the readiness of Jordanian-listed firms toward the application of Computer Assisted Audit Tools and Techniques (CAATTs) during the post-Covid-19 epidemic period. In particular, we identify the factors impacting the adoption of CAATTs from the auditee perspective based on the Organizational Readiness for Change (ORC) model, including motivation for change, staff attributes, institutional resources, organizational climate and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) factors, namely, optimism, innovativeness, discomfort and insecurity.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed to 138 employees working in the accounting departments of Jordanian-listed firms. Where partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to examine the study hypotheses.
Findings
The results show a significant direct relationship of motivation for change, staff attributes, institutional resources, organizational climate and discomfort on readiness for change. Moreover, the results reveal that perceived fear of Covid-19 has a moderating effect on the direct relationship between motivation for change and readiness for change. However, the proposed relationships between optimism, innovativeness and insecurity with readiness for change were not significant.
Originality/value
This paper highlights the readiness toward CAATTs application from the auditee perspective rather than the external auditors. Moreover, this paper considers the changes in the work environment resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic on the motivation for change toward CAATTs. Where the study proposes four external constructs that impact the readiness of Jordanian-listed firms toward the application of CAATTs following the ORC model. Furthermore, it provides another four internal factors that can also impact readiness for CAATTs adoption following the TRI. Lastly, the paper reveals the moderating role of perceived fear of Covid-19 on the influence of motivation for change on readiness to change. Hence, this paper set the basis for policymakers and practitioners toward evaluating the readiness of Jordanian-listed firms for CAATTs application.
Flood hazard assessment of road national 2 intersection with wadi sefrou (North Est of Morocco)
Authors: Toufik Zahaf , Farid Boushaba , Chourak Mimoun , Maelaynayn El Baida
Published: May 2024

The city of Bni drar in the NE of Morocco experienced frequent and regular share of flood events, especially at its main road where it’s commonly submerged by floodwaters during these events. Because of its crucial significance and role in the transportation infrastructure of the region, this study aims to analyze and evaluate flood hazard in Bni Drar, with a specific focus on its impact on the national road N2 as it crosses the Sefrou wadi. Rainfall-runoff transformation was conducted using HEC-HMS model, resulting in flow hydrographs for 10, 20, 50, and 100 years return period. These hydrographs constituted an input for IBER hydrodynamic model, enabling the simulation of flood depth and velocity for a return period of 100 years. Flood hazard was categorized by taking into account both flood depth and velocity. The maximum water depth in the study area is 2.7 meters for 100 years return period. Regarding flow velocity, the maximum value is 2 meters per second. The acquired hazard maps possess the capability to bolster flood risk management within the research region by furnishing a geospatial decision support instrument to empower local authorities. This enables the prompt execution of preventive measures against flood risks and fortifies the resilience of the territory.
Antineoplastic with DNA fragmentation assay and anti-oxidant, anti- inflammatory with gene expression activity of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated From local Egyptian milk products
Authors: Elhalik Mohamed , Mekky Alsayed E. , Khedr Mohamed , Suleiman Waleed B.
Published: May 2024

Probiotic bacteria are emerging as promising biotherapeutic agents and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics. They play crucial roles as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, all while minimizing adverse side effects. A significant portion of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), known for their human health benefits, are derived from milk and have been utilized in biotherapeutic applications or for producing valuable metabolites (nutraceuticals). However, the specific role of milk-associated LAB in biotherapeutics remains underexplored. To address this, eight milk product samples were randomly selected from a market in Egypt, diluted, and then cultured anaerobically on MRS agar. From these samples, 16 suspected LAB isolates were obtained and underwent rapid preliminary identification. Among these isolates, the Lactobacillus plantarum strain (OQ547261.1) was identified and shown to exhibit strong antioxidant activity. This activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay at various concentrations, ranging from 1000 to 1.95 µg/mL. The results revealed that L. plantarum displayed notable antioxidant activities of 71.8% and 93.8% at concentrations of 125–1000 µg/mL, respectively. In contrast, lower concentrations of 7.81, 3.9, and 1.95 µg/mL showed activities of 45.1%, 34.2%, and 27.2%, respectively, compared to ascorbic acid (the standard reference drug). The anti-inflammatory efficacy of L. plantarum was evaluated based on its capability to prevent hemolysis induced by hypotonic conditions in a laboratory setting. At a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, L. plantarum managed to reduce hemolysis by 97.7%, nearly matching the 99.5% inhibition rate achieved by the standard drug, indomethacin, at an identical concentration. Moreover, L. plantarum exhibited high hemolytic activity at 100 µg/mL (14.3%), which decreased to 1.4% at 1000 µg/mL. Analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determined the presence of polyphenolic compounds in L. plantarum, showing an abundance of phenolic acids and flavonoids. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that L. plantarum increased gene expression of the inflammatory marker TLR2 by 133%, and cellular oxidation markers SOD1 and SOD2 by 65% and 74.2%, respectively, while suppressing CRP expression by 33.3%. These results underscore L. plantarum's exceptional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, L. plantarum induces cancer cell death through necrotic nuclear DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that L. plantarum is not only suitable for nutraceutical production but also holds potential as a probiotic strain. Future research should focus on enhancing the capacity of this strain across various industries and fostering innovation in multiple fields.