bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six Key Principles: Bridging Students’ Career Dreams and Literacy Standards
Authors: Albro Jennifer , Turner Jennifer D.
Published: May 2019

College and career readiness has become a top priority for elementary schools. Skills‐focused approaches often are the sole method of preparing students for their postsecondary futures, which can overshadow the identities that students bring to the classroom. In contrast, the authors adopted an identity‐centered approach to literacy instruction using students’ career dreams as a focal point by implementing a standards‐aligned career exploration unit for students in grades 3–6. The authors share the six multimodal instructional principles that they generated to support upper elementary students’ literacy skill development while focusing on their career aspirations and identities.
Planning for ecological drought: Integrating ecosystem services and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Raheem Nejem , Cravens Amanda E. , Cross Molly S. , Crausbay Shelley , Ramirez Aaron , McEvoy Jamie , Zoanni Dionne , Bathke Deborah J. , Hayes Michael , Carter Shawn , Rubenstein Madeleine , Schwend Ann , Hall Kimberly , Suberu Paul
Published: May 2019

As research recognizes the importance of ecological impacts of drought to natural and human communities, drought planning processes need to better incorporate ecological impacts. Drought planning currently recognizes the vulnerability of some ecological impacts from drought (e.g., loss of instream flow affecting fish populations). However, planning often does not identify all the ecological aspects in a landscape that stakeholders value, nor does it examine the extent to which those aspects are vulnerable to drought. One approach for identifying ecological aspects is ecosystem services (ES)—that is, the benefits humans receive from nature. To incorporate ecological impacts into drought planning in the Upper Missouri Headwaters (UMH) region (Montana, USA), we combined ES elicitation using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services and a vulnerability assessment using semi‐structured interviews. We juxtaposed results from the interviews and the ES elicitation to assess which ES might be vulnerable to drought and which impacts from interviews were associated with losses of ES. While both methods suggested common drought vulnerabilities, each method also suggested drought vulnerabilities not reported using the other method. The ES elicitation produced more detail about services present in the UMH ecosystem today while interviews resulted in more discussion about ecological transformation from future droughts. Results suggest that some combination of open‐ended vulnerability assessment methods and ES elicitation using a structured framework can result in greater understanding of ecological drought vulnerability in a given region.

This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

Water and Life > Methods

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Optimization of a primary X‐ray filter for X‐ray fluorescence analysis of uranium and plutonium
Authors: Ishii Kota , Izumoto Yukie , Matsuyama Tsugufumi , Fukutsu Kumiko , Sakai Yasuhiro , Oguri Yoshiyuki , Yoshii Hiroshi
Published: May 2019

When workers are wounded at a nuclear fuel handling facility, it is difficult to quantify actinide contamination through α‐particle counting because these particles are shielded by blood. To overcome this problem, we used X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis with a handheld‐type device that is useful in cases where sampling is not allowed, such as in this study. In XRF analysis, a primary X‐ray filter made of metal foil is generally inserted between the X‐ray tube and the sample to attenuate the incident X‐ray at the energy region of the XRF signal for the target element. Doing so can reduce the background signal originating from the scattered radiation of the incident X‐ray. In this study, we aimed to optimize a primary X‐ray filter that facilitates simultaneous high‐sensitivity analysis of uranium and plutonium in a wound. For this purpose, XRF measurements were performed for a needle‐puncture wound model contaminated by U and Pu, and the relationship between the filter material/thickness and the detection limit was investigated. Optimizing the filter material/thickness of a given target element was found to improve the detection limit of the measurement by ~10%.
Scattering equations and a new factorization for amplitudes. Part I. Gauge theories
Authors: Gomez Humberto
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In this work we show how a double-cover (DC) extension of the Cachazo, He and Yuan formalism (CHY) can be used to provide a new realization for the factorization of the amplitudes involving gluons and scalar fields. First, we propose a graphic representation for a color-ordered Yang-Mills (YM) and special Yang-Mills-Scalar (YMS) amplitudes within the scattering equation formalism. Using the DC prescription, we are able to obtain an algorithm (integration-rules) which decomposes amplitudes in terms of three-point building-blocks. It is important to remark that the pole structure of this method is totally different to ordinary factorization (which is a consequence of the scattering equations). Finally, as a byproduct, we show that the soft limit in the CHY approach, at leading order, becomes trivial by using the technology described in this paper.
Energy of asymptotically AdS black holes in Exotic Massive Gravity and its log-extension
Authors: Mann Robert B. , Oliva Julio , Sajadi S. N.
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Recently a new three-dimensional theory of gravity, dubbed Exotic Massive Gravity, was proposed as a unitary theory both in the bulk as well as in the dual CFT. This is the second simplest example, the first being Minimal Massive Gravity. Since the divergence of the field equations vanishes on-shell, Exotic Massive Gravity has “third-way consistency”. Here, following the Abbot-Deser-Tekin (ADT) approach, we compute mass and angular momentum in this theory, and then implement our result in various solutions, both for generic values of the couplings as well as at chiral points of the theory. For the latter, the asymptotic AdS behaviour is relaxed and the metric acquires logarithmic terms, which may lead to a logarithmic CFT in the boundary. Remarkably, even in the presence of this relaxed asymptotic behaviour, the ADT charges turn out to be finite, defining non-linear solutions of what could be called Exotic Log Gravity.
A supersymmetric enhancement of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 holographic minimal model
Authors: Ahn Changhyun , Paeng Jinsub
Published: May 2019

Abstract

By studying the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 holographic minimal model at the “critical” level, we obtain the lowest

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 higher spin multiplet of spins

$$ \left(\frac{3}{2},2,2,\frac{5}{2}\right) $$

3
2

2
2

5
2

in terms of two adjoint fermion types for generic N. We subsequently determine operator product expansions (between the lowest and second lowest (

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2) higher spin multiplet of spins

$$ \left(3,\frac{7}{2},\frac{7}{2},4\right) $$

3

7
2

7
2

4

, and the corresponding Vasiliev’s oscillator formalism with matrix generalization on AdS
3 higher spin theory in the extension of OSp(2|2) superconformal algebra. Under the large N limit (equivalent to large central charge) in the extension of

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 superconformal algebra in two dimensions, operator product expansions provide asymptotic symmetry algebra in AdS
3 higher spin theory.
The role of information sharing on decision delay during multiteam disaster response
Authors: Waring Sara , Alison Laurence , Shortland Neil , Humann Michael
Published: May 2019

Multiteam systems (MTSs) are comprised of two or more interconnected teams working toward shared superordinate goals but with unique sub-goals. To date, research has predominantly focused on how decisions are made and has viewed these cognitive processes as occurring within individuals. However, for MTSs operating in extreme environments such as disasters, it is often not a question of how decisions are made, but what is causing delays and failures to make decisions. To understand the causes of decision delay within these complex networks, it is important to focus on decision processes at the multiteam level. Using naturalistic observational and interview data collected during a multi-site, multiteam emergency response to a large-scale disaster exercise, this study examines both information sharing (what was shared, with whom, how long this took), and decision processes across teams (situational awareness—SA, plan formulation, and plan execution). Findings demonstrate that interdependencies in cognitive processes exist across individuals where goals overlap. Decision delay is not only caused by failure to develop SA within a team preventing their ability to formulate and execute plans but also by the inability of other teams to execute their plans. The implications of these findings for developing targeted interventions are discussed.
Determining the Effects of a 4-Week Structured Strength and Flexibility Exercise Program on Functional Status of Subjects with Osteoporosis
Authors: Sahni Payal , Nieves Jeri W.
Published: May 2019

Background

Osteoporosis is a systemic disease resulting in low bone mineral density, increased risk of fractures, and falls, muscle weakness, and compromised balance. Nutrition and physical exercise have been shown to be effective in the treatment of low bone mineral density and, with more severe osteoporosis, as adjuncts to pharmaceutical treatments. However, living with osteoporosis may diminish an individual's ability and confidence to perform activities that enhance bone density.

Questions/Purposes

This study investigated the following question: In women with osteoporosis, will there be a greater improvement in balance, lower-extremity strength, mobility, and confidence in performing ambulatory activities after participating in a structured exercise program as compared to a control group?

Methods

This was a prospective comparative trial in which 48 women who had a confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis were enrolled in either an exercise group (a 4-week exercise program) or a control group (no structured exercise). Functional outcomes using valid and reliable tools were measured before and after exercise in the study group and at comparable times in the control group. Differences in function were assessed by paired t tests to evaluate group differences in functional outcomes.

Results

Of the 48 women recruited, 45 completed the study. Women in the exercise group ( n = 27) demonstrated an increase in balance and lower-extremity strength over women in the control group ( n = 18). Both groups showed an increase in mobility but no change in confidence in ambulation.

Conclusion

This study showed that women with osteoporosis demonstrated improved balance and lower-extremity strength after participating in a structured exercise program. These changes may be important in improving overall functional status.
Analysis of Problematic Smartphone Use Across Different Age Groups within the ‘Components Model of Addiction’
Authors: Csibi Sándor , Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Szabo Attila
Published: May 2019

Smartphones have rapidly become indispensable in modern life. The wide spectrum of activities and virtual interaction possibilities with the mobile device render some individuals prone to exaggerated use exhibiting core symptoms akin to substance addiction. The core common symptoms of addictions can be framed within the ‘components model of addiction.’ Based on the different pattern of smartphone use in various age groups, the symptoms and the risk of smartphone addiction may differ during various life stages. Some age groups may be more at risk of smartphone addiction than others. This hypothesis was tested utilizing data from six surveys comprising 1603 individuals representing various age groups. Results obtained through two recommended age-group analyses both confirmed that preschool children and young adults are at highest risk for smartphone-related addictive behavior. Furthermore, the various components of addiction also differed between the age groups. These results suggest that preventive measures should be primarily targeted to the two most vulnerable age groups represented by preschool children and emerging adults. The results of the present study help identify the dominant addiction symptoms in the various age groups that could pinpoint aspects which should be targeted in implementation of various measures aimed at the prevention of dysfunctional smartphone use.
New modified shift-splitting preconditioners for non-symmetric saddle point problems
Authors: Ardeshiry Mahin , Goughery Hossein Sadeghi , Pour Hossein Noormohammadi
Published: May 2019

Zhou et al. and Huang et al. have proposed the modified shift-splitting (MSS) preconditioner and the generalized modified shift-splitting (GMSS) for non-symmetric saddle point problems, respectively. They have used symmetric positive definite and skew-symmetric splitting of the (1, 1)-block in a saddle point problem. In this paper, we use positive definite and skew-symmetric splitting instead and present new modified shift-splitting (NMSS) method for solving large sparse linear systems in saddle point form with a dominant positive definite part in (1, 1)-block. We investigate the convergence and semi-convergence properties of this method for nonsingular and singular saddle point problems. We also use the NMSS method as a preconditioner for GMRES method. The numerical results show that if the (1, 1)-block has a positive definite dominant part, the NMSS-preconditioned GMRES method can cause better performance results compared to other preconditioned GMRES methods such as GMSS, MSS, Uzawa-HSS and PU-STS. Meanwhile, the NMSS preconditioner is made for non-symmetric saddle point problems with symmetric and non-symmetric (1, 1)-blocks.
Echogenic Kidneys as an Antenatal Clue to the Metabolic Etiology: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Sakshi , Kabra Madhulika , Gupta Neerja
Published: May 2019

Antenatally diagnosed echogenic kidneys have several underlying etiologies such as aneuploidies, monogenic isolated or syndromic polycystic kidney disease, infections and rarely with inborn error of metabolism. Even a careful evaluation for additional abnormalities may not be able to provide a specific diagnosis. However with next generation sequencing, the diagnostic odyssey can be ended successfully. We report one such case of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT2) deficiency that manifested as isolated echogenic kidneys with early neonatal demise where successful early prenatal diagnosis was possible in the subsequent pregnancy.
Amco Asia Corp. v. Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Curtis Christopher T.
Published: May 2019

This decision is the latest of several by arbitral bodies of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) addressing a claim by Amco Asia Corporation (Amco Asia) against respondent Republic of Indonesia. An ICSID tribunal (First Tribunal) in 1984 rendered an award on the merits in favor of claimant Amco Asia. In 1986 an “ad hoc committee” (Ad Hoc Committee) convened on Indonesia’s request pursuant to Article 52 of the ICSID Convention annulled the 1984 award on the grounds that, with respect to a principal holding, the tribunal had “manifestly exceeded its powers” and “failed to state reasons,” both being grounds for annulment specified in Article 52(1) of the Convention. The Ad Hoc Committee did not disturb certain other holdings of the tribunal. Claimant then resubmitted the dispute, and a second tribunal (Second Tribunal) was constituted pursuant to Article 52(6) of the Convention. The first task of the new tribunal was to determine which holdings of the previous bodies were res judicata and therefore could not be relitigated. The three-member ICSID Second Tribunal held: (1) that holdings of the First Tribunal that had not been annulled by the Ad Hoc Committee were res judicata; (2) that issues as to which the First Tribunal’s holdings had been annulled could be relitigated; and (3) that the Ad Hoc Committee’s reasoning, as distinct from its actual decision of annulment, was not binding on the Second Tribunal.
Correspondence
Authors: Casto William R.
Published: May 2019

Considerable ink has been spilt on the subject of 28 U.S.C. §1350, the Alien Tort Statute. My limited purposes here are to address Anne-Marie Burley’s appealing analysis of the statute presented in the last issue of the Journal and to draw attention to significant legislation that casts additional light on the framing of the statute. My comments relate to Oliver Ellsworth, the drafter of section 1350 and the most influential senator in the First Congress, which enacted the Alien Tort Statute.
Adapting Tropical Pasture Research to the Production System: from Australian Ranching to African Pastoralism
Authors: Bayer Wolfgang , Waters-Bayer Ann
Published: May 2019

The questions and design of pasture research in tropical Australia and the resulting technologies address problems encountered in the prevailing extensive beef-production systems. In African pastoral systems, forage resource use is more intensive and complex, and production aims are manifold. An example of applied research in central Nigeria illustrates the usefulness of certain components of Australian pasture technology but the need to adapt them, particularly with respect to pasture utilization and management, within trials deliberately designed to address the differing problems in the local pastoral system.
Was This in Your Statistics Textbook? VI. Regression and Covariance
Authors: Finney D. J.
Published: May 2019

This paper concludes the series with comments on regression, covariance analysis, and correlation. The importance of choosing a regression function, whether linear or non-linear, appropriate to problem and data is emphasized and the nature of parameter estimation is outlined. The merits of transformation of variates and the importance of introducing a proper number of parameters are briefly discussed. Common misunderstandings of the meaning of ‘the regression of y on x’ for experimental data are related to the analysis of covariance.

Regression with two or more regressors increases the computations but does not alter principles. Adjustment of means by use of covariance analysis is a much under-exploited technique in its direct sense; it also offers a computationally convenient way of handling missing observations and related problems. An attempt is made to overcome the confusions of interpretation between the regression equations of y on x and of x on y. A final section warns against misuses of correlation coefficients; the opportunities for misuse are too many for brief summary, yet such coefficients can be helpful when interpreted with care.
Controlled Environments as an Adjunct to Field Research on Lentils (Lens culinaris). V. Cultivar Responses to Above- and Below-average Temperatures during the Reproductive Period
Authors: Summerfield R. J. , Muehlbauer F. J. , Short R. W.
Published: May 2019

Nodulated plants of three USA cultivars of lentil (Lens culinaris) were grown in controlled environment cabinets. They were given either 20 or 80 ppm inorganic nitrogen and experienced a mean temperature of 12.3° C during the vegetative period, i.e. until 73–77 days after sowing. Factorial combinations of above- (29°/11° C) and below-average (23°/8° C) day/night temperatures were then imposed, to give four mean temperatures within the range of 16.6° to 21.1° C until reproductive maturity. Post-flowering vegetative dry-matter production and seed yields were dominated by treatment effects on the initiation and growth of branches. Warmer temperatures accelerated progress towards maturity, limited branching and restricted dry-matter production; at a mean temperature of 20° C plants were almost barren. The implications of these and previous data to lentil crop production and to the use of controlled environments in lentil breeding programmes are discussed.
Effect of Weeds on Pre-flowering Insect Infestation and Seed Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in a Rainforest Area of Nigeria
Authors: Ofuya Tom I.
Published: May 2019

Pre-flowering insect infestation of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, was monitored in weedy and weed-free plots in 1986 and 1987 in Akure, Nigeria. Weediness generally reduced infestations of both the leafhopper, Empoasca dolichi, and the flea beatle, Ootheca mutabilis. However, seed yield was reduced in the weedy plots despite heavier pre-flowering insect populations in the plots kept weed-free.
Dry Matter, Nodulation and Nutrient Uptake in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as Influenced by Irrigation and Phosphorus
Authors: Parihar S. S. , Tripathi R. S.
Published: May 2019

The response of chickpea to irrigation and phosphorus was studied at Kharagpur in Eastern India. Irrigation scheduling was based on the ratio between irrigation water applied and cumulative pan evaporation (ID/CPE), and had little effect on dry matter accumulation. Increasing the frequency and amount of irrigation reduced the number and dry weight of nodules per plant, which increased to a maximum 70 days after sowing and then declined. Irrigation significantly reduced grain yield as a result of excessive vegetative growth at the expense of pod formation. Application of phosphorus promoted nodulation and increased both nodule dry weight and the concentration of N, P and K in grain and stover. Uptake of N, P and K by the crop was also increased.
Studies on Maize (Zea mays) at Bunda, Malawi. I. Yield in Relation to Rainfall
Authors: MacColl D.
Published: May 2019

Yields of maize were determined in six years, on two soils, at up to four nitrogen levels following early and late planting. Without fertilizer nitrogen, high rainfall at the beginning of the growing season reduced yield on one soil but not on the other, while high rainfall at late silking and high total rainfall in the growing season reduced yields on both soils. As the level of fertilizer nitrogen increased, the negative effects of rainfall on yield tended to disappear. A three week delay in planting sometimes increased and sometimes decreased yield. The probable reasons for the observed effects of rainfall on yield are discussed.
Genotypic Differences in Root and Shoot Growth of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). I. Glasshouse Studies of Young Plants and Effects of Rooting Medium
Authors: Wahbi A. , Gregory P. J.
Published: May 2019

Seedlings of 48 genotypes of barley were grown in a glasshouse in different rooting media to determine the possible range of variation in root and shoot systems. Plants grown in nutrient solution produced shoots which were larger than those grown in sand and perlite, but in sand and perlite almost twice as much root length was produced per unit of shoot area. There were large differences between genotypes in both root and shoot growth.

The effects of growing medium on rooting were studied in more detail on six of the genotypes. Plants grown in soil and nutrient solution had longer lateral roots than those grown in sand and perlite. Genotypic variation in growth was large but the range of root and shoot growth in a particular medium was similar. Generally, the ranking of the genotypes was similar in both studies and in all media.
Genotypic Differences in Root and Shoot Growth of Barley (Hordeum vulgare). II. Field Studies of Growth and Water Use of Crops Grown in Northern Syria
Authors: Wahbi A. , Gregory P. J.
Published: May 2019

Five genotypes of barley (Arabic Abiad, Beecher, Cytris, Rihane ‘S’ and Swanneck) were grown under rainfed conditions at Breda and Ghrerife in northern Syria. During the winter, rates of shoot growth were similar at both sites but by anthesis crops at Breda were almost twice as large as crops at Ghrerife. Overall, Arabic Abiad was heavier and had a greater green area than other genotypes at both stem elongation and anthesis and, by maturity, had the greatest shoot dry mass and grain yield.

Differences in root dry mass between sites were small so that crops at Ghrerife had a higher ratio of root:total plant mass at anthesis and maturity than those at Breda. Rooting depth was shallower at Ghrerife but root length densities in the layers below 15 cm were greater than at Breda. Arabic Abiad had the longest root system below 15 cm at both sites. The genotypes did not differ in total seasonal water use at either site but there were differences in the patterns of water use during the early spring. Arabic Abiad used more water below 15 cm in the period from mid-February to mid-March and less during grain-filling than other genotypes.

The greater yields of Arabic Abiad may be associated with the greater root lengths below 15 cm and the correspondingly faster rates of water use during early spring. Yields of barley were greater when more water was used before anthesis; there appeared to be no advantages in saving water for use during grain-filling in this region.
Effects of Spacing and Lopping on a Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora)–Karnal Grass (Leptochloa fusca) Agroforestry System on an Alkaline Soil
Authors: Singh Gurbachan , Abrol I. P. , Cheema S. S.
Published: May 2019

The effects of spacing and lopping on a mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and Karnal grass (Leptochloa fusca) agroforestry system on an alkaline soil at Karnal in India was examined over a three year period from planting. There were no significant differences in the height and diameter of the mesquite or in the number of branches at different spacings, but growth was significantly improved by lopping. The oven dried biomass obtained from lopped branches over a 40 month period was greatest at a 2 × 2 m spacing. The green forage yield of Karnal grass was greatest under mesquite spaced 4 × 4 m apart and was markedly improved under lopped mesquite. The inorganic composition of the Karnal grass, including trace elements, made it a valuable fodder in an area with an adverse alkaline soil environment. The calcium and potassium content of the grass increased and the sodium content decreased in successive cuttings. Mesquite and Karnal grass grown together reduced soil pH and EC and improved the organic carbon and available nitrogen content of the soil.
Effects of Planting on Different Sides of the Ridge on Emergence, Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the Sudan
Authors: Ali A. M.
Published: May 2019

The effects of planting potato tubers on four different sides of two ridge orientations was investigated. Soil temperature was coolest on the northern side, followed by the western, eastern and southern sides. Fifty percent emergence took place in 24, 42 and 49 days for tubers planted on the northern, western and eastern sides, respectively. Only 22% of tubers planted on the southern side emerged. The best yield and quality was obtained by planting on the northern side, followed successively by the eastern, western and southern sides of the ridge.
A Hierarchical Classification of Farm Systems
Authors: Fresco L. O. , Westphal E.
Published: May 2019

A framework is proposed for the classification of farm systems, which are defined as decisionmaking units comprising farm household, cropping and livestock systems that transform land, capital and labour into products for consumption and sale. Two general principles underlying the classification are outlined. First, since farm systems are embedded in a hierarchical structure, the classification is based on the characteristics of the underlying systems and their interactions. Secondly, ecological factors, i.e. physical and biological parameters, are the primary determinants of farm systems. Changes in farm systems, at least in the foreseeable future, depend on the development of socio-economic variables. The classification is summarized in a set of comprehensive tables.

L. O. Fresco y E. Westphal: Una clasificación jerárquica de sistemas agrícolas
Was this in your Statistics Textbook? III. Design and Analysis
Authors: Finney D.J.
Published: May 2019

That experimental design is fundamentally more important than the formal analysis of variance of results is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the many weaknesses of split plot designs, and the case for adopting other types of confounding whenever possible is stated. Split plots are sometimes necessary but rarely desirable. The need for randomization is stressed, with a warning against abandoning this principle before fully considering the dangers. The error in analysing repeated observations as though they are from split plots is discussed at length. After brief comment on variance heterogeneity, a final section looks at how measures of the precision of treatment means should be presented. The two main points made are that standard errors of treatment means should always be included in tables of results, and that existing multiple range significance test procedures have little or no practical utility.
Growth of Soyabean (Glycine Max) and Mungbean (Vigna Radiata) in the Post-Monsoon Season after Upland Rice
Authors: Shepherd K. D. , Gregory P.J , Woodhead T. , Pandey R. K. , Magbujos E. C.
Published: May 2019

Shoot and root growth and soil water depletion were studied in mungbean and soyabean grown at three plant populations after non-flooded rice (Oryza sativa) during the post-monsoon dry season in the Philippines. The site had a shallow fluctuating water table (1-2 m) but rooting depth was restricted to 0.8 m by a volcanic tuff layer. Soyabean had a longer duration (89 days) than mungbean (68 days) and intercepted more solar radiation, but from 61 days after sowing was severely stressed and accumulated little dry matter. Mungbean avoided severe water stress due to its short duration. Despite this stress, grain yield (1.0 t ha-1) was similar for the two species and soyabean yielded more grain nitrogen but less straw nitrogen than mungbean. Higher plant population achieved by narrower row spacing increased cumulative light interception and both grain and forage yields in both crops.

K. D. Shepherd, P. J. Gregory, T. Woodhead, R. K. Pandey y E. C Magbujos: Crecimiento de la soja (Glycine max) y del frijol mungo ("Vigna radiata) en la estacidn post-monz6n despuis del arroz de secano.
Physiological Characteristics for Cassava Selection
Authors: Cock James H. , El-Sharkawy Mabrouk A.
Published: May 2019

Breeding for high and stable yields is a major objective for cassava breeding programmes. Owing to the simultaneous formation of steins and leaves (source) and storage roots (sink), competition for assimilates implies that there is an optimum leaf area index for yield. This has led to the use of the harvest index as a practical criterion for selection. The optimal harvest index and leaf area index are discussed for selection for stressful environments. A successful strategy for developing high yielding varieties for favourable conditions is presented. Recent information has shown that selection for a slightly larger than optimal leaf area index, and hence greater biomass, can lead to stable yield in both favourable and stressful environments. Moreover, yield levels can be increased by selecting for moderate harvest indices (e.g. 0.5-0.65) and increased biomass. Longer leaf life is an integral part of this selection strategy. These concepts are discussed in detail.

James H. Cock y Mabrouk A. El-Sharkawy: Caracteristicas fisiológicas para la selección de la mandioca.
The Storage of Tropical Root and Tuber Cropscassava, Yam and Edible Aroids
Authors: Cooke R. D. , Rickard J. E. , Thompson A. K.
Published: May 2019

Root and tuber crops make a major contribution to the food supply in many developing countries. Most of the relatively limited research effort on tropical root crops has focussed on improved production technologies, especially with regard to genetic improvement. Interest in post-harvest technologies and crop use has increased recently with the growing recognition of their importance in the marketing of these perishable crops. This paper reviews recent advances in storage research for three of the principal root crops: cassava (Manihot esculenta C), yam (Dioscorea spp.) and the edible aroids (Colocasia spp.).

R. D. Cooke, J. E. Rickard y A. K. Thompson: El almacenamiento de tubérculos tropicales -
mandioca, ôame y aráceas comestibles.
The Resourceful Israelite Historian: The Song of Deborah and Israelite Historiography
Authors: Halpern Baruch
Published: May 2019

Judges 5, the Song of Deborah, is and has traditionally been one of the foci of biblical study. Artistically, it evinces a consummate skill, with a series of powerful scenes and strong stanzas. Literarily, it has broad import, particularly in that it is one of the oldest integral texts in the Hebrew Bible. Few scholars dissent from the proposition that the poem is premonarchic. As a result, it represents also a virtually unimpeachable source for the study of early Israel.
Berossus, Manetho, and1 EnochIn the World Chronicle of Panodorus
Authors: Adler William
Published: May 2019

At the beginning of the ninth century, George Syncellus, a monk of Constantinople, composed a chronicle of world history which extended from the beginning of the world up to the reign of Diocletian. As the title suggests, the chronicle was an ἐκλογή of excerpts and citations from highly diverse sources. Among other things, these excerpts include kings lists from Africanus' and Eusebius' chronicles, arranged in parallel columns for the sake of comparison, material from various ethnic histories, and several extracts from Jewish and Christian pseudepigrapha. These pseudepigraphic citations are clustered together in the antediluvian portion of his chronicle, and include material fromJubilees,theLife of Adam,theTestament of Adam,and the Jewish pseudepigraphon known as1 Enoch.The citations from1 Enochconsist of two large excerpts, both of which Syncellus assigns to the “Book of the Watchers.” Expanding on the Genesis 6 legend of the fall of the sons of God, these excerpts recount the descent of the Watchers from Mt. Hermon, their revelations to and intercourse with the daughters of men, and the subsequent corruption of the earth.
The Saints Zealous in Love and Labor: The Puritan Psychology of Work
Authors: Cohen Charles L.
Published: May 2019

A Puritan sloth is as hard to imagine as a Puritan humorist. The Saints have been called many things since the sixteenth century, but seldom if ever have they been accounted lazy. From Ben Jonson's caustic caricature of Zeal-of-the-Land Busy, ready to intrude his opinions on any subject, to Michael Walzer's portrayal of them as the indefatigable pioneers of modern radical politics, observers have readily acknowledged their “extraordinary activism.” To link this enterprise with the ethic of striving that lay at the heart of Puritan thought is easy, for the preachers always spoke of the godly life as arduous. “I say shew your grace, shew your regeneration, by being new creatures, by doing more than others,” John Preston urged, and he practiced what he preached. Chaplain to Charles I, Master of Emmanuel College at Cambridge, participant in Puritan Parliamentary politics while commuting between lectureships at both Lincoln's Inn and Trinity Church in Cambridge, Preston forced several careers into the less than two decades between his conversion and his death at the age of forty from consumption probably exacerbated by exhaustion. “[H]e never (by his good will) rested that day since God was truly known unto him untill [his death],” wrote his first biographer, “God gave him therefore now an everlasting rest.” Few people more fully exemplified the Puritan ideal that pious performance is the thanksgiving for the gift of eternal life.
The “Judaism” of Samaria and Galilee in Josephus's Version of the Letter of Demetrius I to Jonathan (Antiquities13.48–57)
Authors: Schwartz Seth
Published: May 2019

The slapdash, seamy character of the second half of Josephus'sAntiquitiesfrequently obscures the author's purpose; the recovery of this information is therefore often neglected, though scholars are becoming increasingly aware of the task's importance. A good example of this scholarly neglect concerns the little narrative complex ofAnt. 13.1-79, covering the period from Judas's death in battle against Bacchides in 160 BCE to the appointment of Jonathan as high priest (152 BCE) and the death of Demetrius I in 150 BCE; the complex concludes with two stories about Jewish affairs in Egypt (13.62-79). These stories have been clumsily introduced into a narrative which is otherwise a close paraphrase of 1 Maccabees, and are not commonly understood to have any relation to their context other than a vague chronological aptness: both stories are said to have occurred, like most of the high priesthood of Jonathan, in the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (13.79). I shall argue that the stories have not only a chronological but also a close thematic connection to their context, and that the narrative, properly understood, expresses a propagandists motif not hitherto noticed inAntiquities. Furthermore, this motif may have important implications for our understanding of Antiquities as a whole, and perhaps important historical implications, as well.
Myth and History in Eusebius'sDe vita Constantini: Vit. Const.1.12 in Its Contemporary Setting
Authors: Hollerich Michael J.
Published: May 2019

The opening chapters of Eusebius'sDe vita Constantinicontain several comparisons of Constantine with great figures from the past. The first two, Cyrus and Alexander (Vit. Const. 1.7-8), are predictable names in a work that bears many features of conventional royal panegyric. But Eusebius's choice of Moses for a third comparison (Vit. Const. 1.12) departs from conventional norms and shows that the subject of hisbiosis not going to be measured simply by traditional imperial standards. The following analysis ofVit. Const. 1.12 begins with a consideration of Eusebius's choice of subjects to compare with Constantine. We will see that the literary construction of the comparison with Moses derives from biblical typology as much as it does from a typical classicalsynkrisis. Embedded in the typological construction is an allusion by Eusebius to a widespread opinion that the story of the Exodus was a myth. This aspect of the comparison has not received the attention which it deserves. I will argue that the mythic reference works against the rhetoric of the comparison as a whole. Its anomalous presence requires an explanation. This paper identifies various sources of the mythic charge, and defends the hypothesis that the critic foremost in Eusebius's mind was the pagan philosopher Porphyry. It ends with the conclusion that the triumph of Constantine was a valuable antidote to the critique of Exodus as myth.
Locke, Revolution Principles, and the Formation of Whig Ideology
Authors: Ashcraft Richard , Goldsmith M. M.
Published: May 2019

In the immediate aftermath of the Glorious Revolution, there appeared an anonymous pamphlet, Political aphorisms, which purported to instruct its readers in ‘true maxims of government’. The identity of the author of this bold doctrinal claim is not known, and while it would be useful to have this knowledge, it is not, for reasons which will become clear, the most crucial element of the story. What is important is the historical significance of the role played by Political aphorisms as part of the process by which the ‘revolution principles’ of 1689 gained widespread acceptance in eighteenth-century England. In this essay, we offer one concrete illustration of the complex process by which political ideas are transmitted from one generation to another; and, we shall argue, the example provides a case study of the conscious effort to formulate an ideological defence of specific political principles and practices in order to preserve the historical meaning of a partisan perspective.
League of Arab States: Communiques from Summit Meetings in Amman and Algiers
Authors: Ziadé Nassib G.
Published: May 2019

At an emergency Arab meeting in Amman, preoccupation with the Arab-Israeli conflict gave way to concern over the Iran-Iraq war. Until then, the permanent emergency of Palestine had been the basic raison d'etre for Arab summitry. But in Amman, the emergency was the Iran-Iraq war. It was shortly after the Amman meeting that the uprising in the occupied territories began. Therefore the Algiers summit meeting, also called “the intifadah (uprising) summit” returned the Palestinian issue to the top to “the Arab agenda and put the Arab-Israeli conflict back at the center of world attention
Demonstrations and the Law
Authors: Kretzmer David
Published: May 2019

The right of citizens to demonstrate has been in the news of late. Recent events have led many citizens in Israel to take to the streets as a means of expressing their opposition to, and in some cases support of, government policies, actions or leaders. Following a pattern which is not unusual in Israel, some aspects of this issue have found their way into the courts and on to the table of the Attorney General. Thus, the refusal of the Jerusalem police to grant a permit for a demonstration through the main streets of the city, exactly one month after the tragic murder of Emil Grunzweig during a Peace Now demonstration, led the disappointed applicants, with the active support of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), to petition the Supreme Court. The Court overruled the police decision and ordered the police to grant the licence. On the 1st April, 1983, following repeated requests by the ACRI, the Attorney General issued directives reaffirming the right of citizens to demonstrate and clarifying the powers of the police to disallow or interfere with demonstrations. That one of the two dailies with the largest circulations in Israel saw fit to publish the full text of these directives in its holiday edition is an indication of the interest which the public has in the issue.
Some Observations on the Arbitral Award in the Taba Case
Authors: Weil Prosper
Published: May 2019

The following remarks do not constitute a detailed legal commentary on the 29 September 1988 Award delivered by the Arbitration Tribunal, which was established to resolve the dispute between Egypt and Israel regarding the Sinai frontier, particularly in the region of Taba. These remarks do not relate to the origin of the dispute or address the political context in which the arbitration took place. Nor do they dwell on the innovation of introducing, through the Compromis, a conciliation procedure entrusted to a Chamber of the Tribunal in the very midst of the arbitration proceedings. Still less do they make a detailed analysis of the claims of the two parties or of the Tribunal's opinion on each point in dispute. Leaving aside numerous other interesting aspects of the case, the modest purpose of these observations is to shed light on the originality of the position adopted by the Award in two aspects relating to the judicial function in border conflicts. When one considers the place occupied by this type of conflict in judicial disputes and in international arbitration, the interest which this Award deserves, beyond the specific circumstances which generated it, is obvious.
Reflections on Human Rights: An Eastern European Perspective
Authors: Földesi Tamäs
Published: May 2019

To create a state-theory that can answer the social problems of today, to break away from the theses that merely interpret the classics – as the sciences dealing with the economy managed to do during the past 15–20 years – is the main task of social sciences dealing with the theoretical issues of the state these days. If they fail to do so, their work will be forced to the periphery of the social movements, will not be able to assist the processes of society. It is my conviction that this is a vast responsibility of the social sciences in our age.
Kinship by Adoption: Where Adoption Differs from Natural Affinity
Authors: Shifman Pinhas
Published: May 2019

Adoption creates a familial relationship of parent and child between people who are not naturally related. In the ancient world, the institution of adoption served as a means of satisfying the need for family continuity, whether for religious-ritual purposes or for practical purposes, to produce an heir capable of inheriting the family property. To this day, several legal systems exist which allow adoption of adults in order to grant an adopter the right to appoint an heir. Such a right is important in those legal systems – which does not include the Israeli system – in which a person's right to make testamentary dispositions is limited. The testator who may not bequeath his property to a stranger as he wishes may overcome this limitation by adopting that stranger and thus making him a relative.
Status and Contract in the Employment Relationship
Authors: Raday Frances
Published: May 2019

There is evidence, in some recent legal thinking on the employment contract, of a readiness to abandon classical contract principles. This phenomenon is especially apparent in the formulation of the Employment Contract Bill, 1985. In this article, I shall examine this development in the framework of an analysis of the employment relationship and the extent to which it is to be regarded as a contractual relationship, both under differing theoretical approaches and under existing labour law principles.

The contemporary employment relationship emerges from a contractual undertaking between individuals to exchange wages for services, but its social significance is not limited to the issues raised by the terms of the contract.
The Taba Award of 29 September 1988
Authors: Bowett D.W.
Published: May 2019

This was an important award because it concerned the implementation of the Treaty of Peace of March 1979 between Israel and Egypt. Israel's obligation to withdraw “behind the international boundary” could not be implemented to the satisfaction of both parties so long as there existed a disagreement over the location of that boundary.

The Joint Commission established pursuant to Article IV of the Peace Treaty, a body of military personnel, finally identified some 14 boundary pillars the location of which remained disputed. And, since Article VII of the Peace Treaty required reference to conciliation or arbitration of disputes not resolved by negotiations, the dispute over the location of these boundary pillars was referred to arbitration by the Compromis of 11 September 1986.
The Taba Case: Some Recollections and Reflections
Authors: Lauterpacht E.
Published: May 2019

The Taba Case is so called because, although it involved fourteen disputed points on the boundary between Israel and Egypt, the most important area of dispute lay at the delta where the Wadi Taba runs down from the Sinai hills into the waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. Here, on the eastern part of the delta, close to the sea, a substantial hotel was built in 1982 with the consent of Israel. Before that date the delta had been practically empty. Taba was not the name of an inhabited place. It was merely the southern terminus, on the shores of the Gulf of Aqaba, of the border between Israel and Egypt. For a while, there was an Egyptian police post on the west side of the Wadi. In the thirties there was also a rest house occasionally used for recreational purposes by a British official working for the Government of Palestine. Otherwise, until the hotel was built, the place was uninhabited and without economic, strategic or even political importance. Yet the disagreement between Egypt and Israel in this connection between 1979 and 1985 added significantly to the difficulties in the political relationship between the two countries.