bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus modifies the association between body mass index and uric acid: Results from NHANES 2007–2018
Authors: Chen Yue , Luo Jing , Ma Xiao-Man , He Xiang-Ping , Zhang Wan-Lin , Wu Shao-Yong , Mo Xiao-Chun , Huang Wei-Chao , Guo Xu-Guang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Studies in recent years have shown that high uric acid causes harm to the human body, which has become a serious public health problem. Elevated serum uric acid has been shown to be associated with obesity, but the relationship between BMI and uric acid (UA) remains controversial. Although the association between BMI and UA has been well studied, the effect of phosphorus levels in vivo on this association remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and serum uric acid and the effect of phosphorus on the relationship between the two.

Research design and methods

The present study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) continuous 2007–2018 cycle. We included 10786 participants aged 20 years and over. Multivariable linear regression was performed to assess the association between BMI and serum uric acid. phosphorus was stratified into low phosphorus (<3.3 mg/dl), middle phosphorus (3.3–3.9 mg/dl) and high phosphorus (>3.9 mg/dl). Correction of the effect of phosphorus was assessed by testing the interaction between BMI and UA in multivariate linear regression.

Results

In this cross-sectional study, we found that BMI was positively associated with UA in the female population but not significantly in the male population or in the total population. In multiple regression analysis, UA was 0.51 higher in the highest female BMI group than in the lowest group (p = 0.0001). The relationship between BMI and UA differed significantly by gender under the influence of phosphorus, with men and women in Model II having a greater elevation of UA in men than in women within most groups. (BMI >30, phosphorus >3.9 mg/dl, β:0.83 95% CI: 0.43, 1.23 vs β: 0.79 95% CI: 0.30, 1.29). In addition, phosphorus significantly altered the positive association between BMI and UA in most models.

Conclusion

Our results indicate significant associations between BMI and uric acid in women, with higher BMI values likely to be associated with a higher risk of hyperuricemia, suggesting that uric acid levels in obese people should be closely monitored in clinical practice. Phosphorus and BMI have an interactive effect in elevating UA and should be noted as indicators of phosphorus in clinical practice.
Changes in body composition and average daily energy expenditure of men and women during arduous extended polar travel
Authors: Wilson Adrian J. , Gifford Robert M. , Crosby Henry , Davey Sarah , Taylor Natalie , Eager Mike , Thake C. Doug , Imray Christopher H. E.
Published: October 2024

Weight and skin-fold measurements were made at five-day intervals during a 47-day expedition by six men and three women from the edge of the sea ice to the South Pole. From these, together with detailed manual records of the nutrition for individual participants, the average daily energy expenditure was determined before and after a resupply at approximately mid-point of the expedition. For all participants body weight fell during the expedition with the overall loss being much smaller for the three female participants (-4.0, -4.0, -4.4kg) than for the male participants, (mean±sd) -8.6±2.0kg. Fat weight fell approximately linearly during the expedition with a total loss of (-4.1, -6.5 and -2.5kg) for the three female participants and -6.8±1.7kg for the male participants. Individual fat-free weight changed by a smaller amount overall: (0.13, 2.5 and -1.8kg) for the three female participants; -1.8±2.0kg for the male participants who, with one exception, lost fat-free tissue All participants showed a substantial variation in fat-free tissue weight during the expedition. Analysis of the daily energy expenditure showed adequate nutrition but the intake fell for the second part of the expedition although the reasons for this are unclear, but adaptation to the cold, altitude and workload are possible explanations. The validity of this time-averaged measurement for individual participants was determined from analysing moments about the mean of time-series actigraphy data from wrist worn devices. The mean and autocorrelation function of the actigraphy data across subjects were analysed to determine whether measures could be compared between participants. The first, second and third moment about the mean of the day-to-day activity was found to be time-invariant for individual subjects (χ2, p>0.05) and the normalized mean and autocorrelation measured over a day for each participant indistinguishable from the mean of the group (χ2, p>0.05) allowing both longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis.
Risk of systemic lupus erythematosus flare after COVID-19 hospitalization: A matched cohort study
Authors: Mageau Arthur , Géradin Christel , Sallah Kankoé , Papo Thomas , Sacre Karim , Timsit Jean-François
Published: October 2024

Objective

To analyze the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flare after admission for COVID-19.

Methods

We performed a matched cohort study using the Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris Clinical Data Warehouse which collects structured medical, biological and administrative information from 11 million patients in Paris area, France. Each SLE patient hospitalized with a COVID-19 diagnosis code between March 2020 and December 2021 was matched to one SLE control patient with an exact matching procedure using age ±3 years, gender, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, and serological activity. The main outcome was a lupus flare during the 6 months follow-up. A flare was considered if a) documented by the treating physician in the patient’s EHR and b) justifying a change in SLE treatment. The electronic health records (EHRs) were individually checked for data accuracy.

Results

Among 4,533 SLE patients retrieved from the database, 81 (2.8%) have been admitted for COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 31, 2021, and 79 (n = 79/81,97.5%) were matched to a unique unexposed SLE. During follow-up, a flare occurred in 14 (17.7%) patients from the COVID-19 group as compared to 5 (6.3%) in the unexposed control group, including 4 lupus nephritis in the exposed group and 1 in the control group. After adjusting for HCQ use at index date and history of lupus nephritis, the risk of flare was higher in exposed SLE patients (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of 3.79 [1.49–9.65]).

Conclusions

COVID-19 hospitalization is associated with an increased risk of flare in SLE.
SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccine intravenous administration induces myocarditis in chronic inflammation
Authors: Jeon Ha-Eun , Lee Seonghyun , Lee Jisun , Roh Gahyun , Park Hyo-Jung , Lee Yu-Sun , Kim Yeon-Jung , Kim Hong-Ki , Shin Ji-Hwa , Lee You-Jeung , Gil Chae-Ok , Jeon Eun-Seok , Nam Jae-Hwan , Lim Byung-Kwan
Published: October 2024

The current COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were developed and applied for pandemic-emergent conditions. These vaccines use a small piece of the virus’s genetic material (mRNA) to stimulate an immune response against COVID-19. However, their potential effects on individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions and vaccination routes remain questionable. Therefore, we investigated the effects of mRNA vaccines in a mouse model of chronic inflammation, focusing on their cardiac toxicity and immunogenicity dependent on the injection route. mRNA vaccine intravenous administration with or without chronic inflammation exacerbated cardiac pericarditis and myocarditis; immunization induced mild inflammation and inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta and IL-6 production in the heart. Further, IV mRNA vaccination induced cardiac damage in LPS chronic inflammation, particularly serum troponin I (TnI), which dramatically increased. IV vaccine administration may induce more cardiotoxicity in chronic inflammation. These findings highlight the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms of mRNA vaccines with chronic inflammatory conditions dependent on injection routes.
Análise da fragilidade ambiental do município de Nova Friburgo – RJ, através da abordagem morfodinâmica
Authors: Teixeira Paula Rafaela , Motta de Freitas Marcelo , Da Silva Nunes Rafael , Malheiros Gonçalves Carvalho Ana Cristina
Published: October 2024

O planejamento ambiental depende do correto entendimento do quadro geográfico local e regional. A elaboração de estudos analíticos, que possuem como foco a composição do estrato contribui para o planejamento. Assim, a fim de contribuir para um planejamento ambiental do município de Nova Friburgo – Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, pretende-se analisar a fragilidade ambiental da cidade, com base na concepção teórico-metodológica de Ross (1994). A produção da carta de fragilidade ambiental foi subsidiada pela correlação da declividade, forma de relevo, solos e ocupação e uso do solo. As classes de fragilidade ocupam as percentagens: muito baixa – 0,11 %; baixa – 12,5 %; média – 60,27 %; alta – 25,52 %;muito alta – 1,60 %. Chama a atenção a extensão das áreas consideradas de média e alta fragilidade. Esses valores mostram que, devido ao quadro físico existente, Nova Friburgo apresenta um grau de fragilidade ambiental importante, com alta energia morfodinâmica. Estudos que associam diferentes variáveis ambientais mostram uma visão integrada da paisagem e podem ser utilizadas para reconhecer áreas restritas às ocupações e atividades humanas.
Áreas de morros da cidade do Recife (Pernambuco, Brasil): a importância da governança adaptativa diante dos riscos geológicos
Authors: Rabêlo Cavalcanti Edneida , Suassuna Cynthia , Pedrosa Fábio , De Lima Filho Mário
Published: October 2024

A intensificação de fenômenos excepcionais de chuvas registrados nas últimas décadas no Brasil, reforçam a necessidade de estudos sobre gestão de risco, com destaque para as áreas de maior adensamento populacional, a exemplo das Regiões Metropolitanas. Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco, tem alta densidade populacional e significativa desigualdade socioespacial, distribuída em uma planície de origem flúvio-marinha, com muitos locais situados abaixo do nível das marés de sizígia, e nos morros, basicamente de formação areno-argilosa. O objetivo geral do estudo foi analisar as relações entre a produção do conhecimento, a educação e a gestão, na construção da governança adaptativa e na redução de riscos e desastres na cidade do Recife-PE, por meio de revisão de literatura e de dados secundários obtidos em bases oficiais. Os resultados apontam para lacunas entre produção de conhecimento, processos educativos permanentes e a gestão e indicam a importância de compreender mais a fundo os elementos necessários para constituição de governança adaptativa, que pressupõe aprendizados sociais e institucionais e produção de conhecimentos culturalmente contextualizados.
The territory faced with technological risks in Algeria: case of the BLEVE phenomenon’s effects related to the transport of hazardous materials
Authors: Bencherif Houria
Published: October 2024

The risks associated with the Transport of Hazardous Materials (THMs) are distinguished from other technological risks through their mobile and diverse nature. This is due to the wide variety of substances transported and the territories covered. Therefore, the THMs risk management approach has prompted considerable progress in terms of infrastructure and vehicle safety. However, a residual risk persists, mainly near cities and on highways, where the areas crossed by the flow of hazardous materials present a high vulnerability that needs to be assessed and modelled according to different accident scenarios. The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of the boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion (BLEVE) phenomenon at a GPL filling centre in El-Eulma, a city in Algeria. For this, the methodology used is based on the use of the preliminary risk analysis (PRA) to determine the hazardous phenomena that may occur. Then, the ALOHA software was used to estimate the consequences of the BLEVE. The obtained results illustrate the severity of the human and material consequences. Accordingly, preventive measures were proposed.
Read fast and effectively!
Authors: Santos Maria Clara Pimenta Camelo dos , Pinheiro Diogo Oliveira Ramires
Published: October 2024

O português brasileiro apresenta pelo menos duas construções distintas de modificação verbal: a Construção de Advérbio Canônico (CAC; por exemplo, Pedro falou rapidamente), e a Construção de Adjetivo Adverbial (CAA; por exemplo, Pedro falou rápido). Virgínio et al. (2021) defende a existência de uma diferença discursivo-pragmática entre os dois padrões; argumenta-se que a CAA, mas não a CAC, exige que o modificador verbal seja o elemento mais informativo (foco primário) do enunciado. Neste artigo verifica-se se essa mesma restrição atua no sentido de reduzir a produtividade da CAA do inglês norte-americano (evidenciada em usos como speak slow, por exemplo). Para isso, foi desenvolvido um experimento offline de julgamento de aceitabilidade no qual 28 falantes nativos do inglês norte-americano julgaram sentenças com adjetivos adverbiais (AAs) e sentenças com advérbios canônicos em quatro condições, baseadas em uma combinação de frequência e foco. Os resultados comprovaram que existe diferença significativa na aceitabilidade de enunciados contendo AAs nas condições de foco primário e não-primário (p = 0.003), fornecendo evidências em favor da hipótese de que a CAC do inglês norte-americano também é sensível a fatores discursivo-pragmáticos. No entanto, foi constatado efeito significativo de foco com advérbios canônicos (p = 0.037). Apesar dessa afinidade discursivo-pragmática entre os dois tipos de modificadores verbais, o cálculo de intensidade do efeito apontou efeito moderado de foco para AAs e efeito fraco para advérbios canônicos. No artigo, faz-se uma proposta sistemática de representação da rede construcional da modificação verbal do inglês norte-americano com base nos resultados experimentais obtidos.
Analisis Determinan Konsentrasi Spasial Industri Manufaktur Menengah Besar Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pulau Jawa 2008-2018
Authors: Novia Selly
Published: October 2024

This study aims to explain the spatial concentration and the factors that influence the spatial concentration of medium and large manufacturing industries in Java. In the period 2008 to 2018 the manufacturing industry sector contributed about 22% of Indonesia's GDP. This is evidence that the manufacturing industry is the leading sector and the main key in growing the national economy. Java Island is designated as a national growth center by the Master Plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesian Economic Development (MP3I) where Java Island is  a driving force for national industry and services because of the great potential possessed by each province on the island. Analysis of industrial spatial concentration conditions was carried out using the Ellison-Glaeser Index and LQ. The data used is data on the number of large and medium industrial workers according to the two-digit code KBLI 2005 and 2009 at the provincial level on Java Island from 2008 to 2018. The results of the analysis show that the condition of large and medium industries is most concentrated in the tobacco processing industry and scattered industries, namely the rubber industry and plastic products. Analysis of the factors that affect spatial concentration in Java is done by analyzing panel data. The data used is secondary data sourced from the Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), with cross-sectional data consisting of 6 provinces in Java and time-series data from 2008-2018. The analytical tool used in estimating the regression model in this study is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of this study found that the labor productivity variable had a positive effect on spatial concentration. Meanwhile, the competition index and the  provincial minimum wage have a negative effect on the spatial concentration of large and medium manufacturing industries in Java.
Pengaruh Penanaman Modal Asing, Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri, Dana Perimbangan, dan Aglomerasi terhadap Ketimpangan Pembangunan antar Wilayah di Provinsi Banten Tahun 2011-2020
Authors: Lestari Galuh Gita , Robertus Mulyo Hendarto
Published: October 2024

Regional disparity is a common phenomenon in the process of regional economic development in developing countries. In order to reduce regional disparity, it is necessary to study the factors that influence regional disparity. This research aims to analyze the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (PMA), Domestic Direct Investment (PMDN), Balancing Funds, and Agglomeration on Regional Development Disparity in Banten Province in the 2011-2020 period. This study uses panel data regression analysis with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach. The regression results with the Random Effect Model (REM) approach with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method show that in 2011-2020, partially the variables of foreign direct investment, domestic direct investment, and agglomeration have no a significant effect, and only the balancing fund variable has a significant effect on regional development disparity in a negative direction.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Aglomerasi Industri, PMDN, Belanja Pemerintah, dan IPM Terhadap Ketimpangan Wilayah di Kawasan KEDUNGSEPUR Tahun 2011-2020
Authors: Sukmawati Ade Tiara , Robertus Mulyo Hendarto
Published: October 2024

Inequality is a common problem that occurs along with the economic development process of a region. The difference in endowment factors in each region is the cause of the widening level of inequality. This study aims to analyse the effect of economic growth, industrial agglomeration, domestic investment (PMDN), government spending, and Human Development Index (HDI) on regional inequality in the KEDUNGSEPUR Region in 2011-2020. The level of regional inequality is calculated using Theil's Entropy Index. This study uses the Generalised Least Square (GLS) regression analysis method with a fixed effect model. The data used is panel data which includes cross section of 6 regencies/cities in the KEDUNGSEPUR region and time series from 2011-2020. The results show that the variables of economic growth, industrial agglomeration, and government spending partially have a negative and significant effect on regional inequality in the KEDUNGSEPUR Region. The Human Development Index (HDI) partially has a positive and significant effect on regional inequality, while domestic investment (PMDN) partially has an insignificant effect on regional inequality.
Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, UMK, dan Tingkat Investasi terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Kabupaten dan Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Berlian Alam Reza , Maria Nugroho Sumarjiyanto Benedictus
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the impact of economic growth, minimum wages at the district/city level, and foreign direct investment on labor absorption among the working-age population. The data used spans the period from 2017 to 2020 and covers 35 districts and cities in Central Java Province. The data analysis method employed is the Fixed Effects Model approach. Based on the analysis results, the variables of Gross Domestic Product and Foreign Direct Investment have a positive effect on labor absorption, while the variable of Minimum Wages at the district/city level has a negative effect on labor absorption.
Nutrient alchemy: Optimizing multicut fodder sorghum for yield, quality and environmental balance
Authors: N. Sathiyabama  , K. Sathiya Bama  , R. Jayashree  , R. K. Kaleeswari  , K. N. Ganesan  , R. Kalpana  , R. Anandham
Published: October 2024

This study delves into the transformative impact of diverse nutrient management practices on the yield, quality, soil health and carbon sequestration potential of multi-cut fodder sorghum. Employing a randomized block design with three replications across 11 treatments, the research evaluated the effects of organic, inorganic and biofertilizer-based nutrient applications. The findings were striking: a combination of poultry manure at 75 % nitrogen equivalent with biofertilizers (Arbuscular mycorrhiza and Azophos) led to a remarkable 31.2 % boost in fodder yield and a 36.4 % increase in dry matter production compared to the control. Soil analysis revealed an 8.22 % decrease in pH, alongside substantial enhancements in key nutrients, with available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels soaring by 28.40 %, 44.19 % and 9.43 % respectively, under the same treatment. These practices also supercharged soil enzyme activities, with notable increases in amylase (1.21 mg reducing sugars g-1 soil 24 h-1), invertase (1.45 mg reducing sugars g-1 soil 24 h-1), cellulase (34.8 µg reducing sugars g-1 soil 24 h-1), phosphatase (19.73 µg phenols g-1 soil 24 h-1), dehydrogenase (11.56 µg triphenyl formazan g-1 soil 24 h-1) and urease (17.92 mg NH4 - N g-1 soil 24 h-1), signaling a vibrant uptick in microbial activity and overall soil health. Moreover, this nutrient strategy delivered a 39.22 % rise in soil organic carbon (SOC) and a 38.74 % boost in soil carbon stock, highlighting its powerful potential for long-term carbon sequestration. This study offers critical insights for crafting sustainable agricultural practices that not only maximize crop production but also enhance soil fertility and contribute meaningfully to environmental conservation.
Russian-speaking immigrants’ adaptation in Canada
Authors: Morozovskaia Uliana , Makarova Veronika
Published: October 2024

This article examines acculturation among Russian speakers in Canada focusing on immigration goals achievement, integration, feeling at home in Canada, and self-identity vis-à-vis the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and language use. The study draws on data from a survey which was completed by 100 native speakers of Russian. The survey included Likert-scale responses and short answers analyzed quantitatively using Pearson correlations and chi-squares. The results indicate that most participants feel well-adjusted in Canada, they view immigration as the right decision and believe they have reached their immigration goals. However, about half of the respondents report experiencing discrimination, and only 20 % consider Canada their true home. In their self-identity expressions, their country of origin is prioritized. Correlations have been observed between the adaptation parameters and self-identity on the one hand, and the length of stay in Canada, participants’ age and age upon immigration, gender, and language use, on the other hand. These findings are crucial for immigrant help centers, ESL teachers, local governments and immigrants themselves (facilitating comparisons with peers’ immigration experiences). The results are interpreted in the light of Acculturation and Linguistic Equilibrium theories.
Magnetic Kidney Stone Removal
Authors: Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Busse Madleen , Amiel Thomas , Srinivasan Shyam , Turrina Chiara , Ebel Florian , Straub Michael
Published: October 2024

Residual fragments can remain after kidney stone extraction which may necessitate another intervention. A new approach needs to be developedis needed to lower the risk of disease severe side effects caused by these fragments. Magnetic nanoparticles can be applied due to their properties of being able to bind to residual fragments and to be extracted by an external magnetic field. Fractals and magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized thoroughly. The small nanoparticles bind covalently to the kidney stones and a magnetic extraction of calcium oxalate fractals with magnetic nanoparticles is possible. The aggregation of nanoscale iron oxide nanoparticles can be induced with the addition of salt which improves the extraction process. The separation is validated by simulation and experimentally in a porcine kidney as well as in artificial kidney models. This proof-of-concept study successfullyis the fundament for a new waydemonstrated of extracting kidney stones extraction and including their fractals and might pave the way for new procedures in urology.
Application of gas grafting with palmitoyl chloride to manufacture hydrophobic decorative wood veneer
Authors: Choi Kyoung-Hwa , Lee Cheol-Woo , Lee Kwang-Seob , Martinez Philippe , Ryu Jeong-Yong
Published: October 2024

In this study, the feasibility of hydrophobizing pine wood veneers through gas grafting with palmitoyl chloride using a hot press was explored. To achieve this, the hydrophobization characteristics of wood veneer were analyzed under various conditions, including pressing temperature, time, and concentration of palmitoyl chloride. The results showed that the gas grafting treatment successfully hydrophobized the pine wood veneer, and that the pressing temperature and concentration of palmitoyl chloride were the main factors influencing the grafting. The hydrophobization efficiency increased with an increase in the pressing temperature and palmitoyl chloride concentration, whereas the pressing time had little effect. However, under conditions of excessively high palmitoyl chloride concentration, pressing temperature, and excessively long pressing time, relatively large color changes and a pH drop in the veneer were observed. Therefore, it was concluded that to treat pine wood veneer with a diluted solution of 0.5 % palmitoyl chloride at 180 °C for 6 s was appropriate.
From “The Bosnian Danger” to Forest for the People: Bosnia’s Timber Frontier in the Age of Empires
Authors: Lučić Iva
Published: October 2024

This article examines the evolution of an industrialized and capital-driven timber extraction in Bosnia and Herzegovina under Habsburg governance from 1878–1914 and its social and ecological effects on the region. It emphasizes the role of both imperial policy-making and local socio-ecological factors that determined the advancement of the timber frontier in the region. The first part on early Habsburg governance illustrates how logging operations were determined by state-devised regulations of property relations and state-induced facilities that eventually resulted in industrialized extraction by means of foreign private companies. The second part on late Habsburg governance shows how forests successively acquired a political dimension. In conflicts with the local population, the Habsburg authorities prioritized social stability over the companies’ interests, whereas the Bosnian government tried to secure economic self-determination of the region by advocating for the takeover of industrial logging by domestic enterprises.
Looking East and West for Pulpwood, Pulp and Paper: Great Britain as an Anomaly in Europe, 1860–1960
Authors: Kuhlberg Mark , Särkkä Timo
Published: October 2024

The years 1860 to 1960 witnessed the birth and rapid expansion of the modern pulp and paper industry. Its sine qua non was access to enormous volumes of conifer trees that grew in the northern hemisphere’s temperate and boreal forests. Predictably, countries in northern Europe with large swaths of these woodlands became home to substantial pulp and paper industries. This article explains why Great Britain represented Europe’s glaring exception to this rule. Unique circumstances allowed it to become Europe’s largest newsprint producer even though it suffered from a dearth of conifers. Britain’s newspaper publishers grew their circulations and created the largest newsprint market in Europe for most of the period under examination. To meet their exploding demand for paper, they gained control over their country’s newsprint industry. Like producers in other western European countries, they looked to Scandinavia to address their lack of domestic wood supplies, but they also exploited their imperial connection to access a prodigious supply of fibre and pulps in Canada and Newfoundland. Britain’s competitive advantage in this regard was political and not economic because tapping this distant source of raw materials was costly. Nevertheless, British producers were able to absorb the higher costs because their business was vertically integrated. However, British producers could not outrun their resource deficit forever. Changing global industry conditions after World War II caused them to lose their preponderant standing.
Reach of Globalization in 18th Century Germany: Atlantic Products from Hamburg to Saxon Markets
Authors: Kikuchi Yuta
Published: October 2024

This study explores the economic cohesion of two German areas, Hamburg and Saxony, in the 18th century, created through the inflow of Atlantic colonial groceries from the former to the latter. Combining different kinds of sources revealed the following. The trade flow from Hamburg to German lands began to shift from Prussia to Saxony in the middle of the 18th century. Within Saxony, the market was concentrated in two locations: the court city Dresden and proto-industrial district of Upper Lusatia. What made Saxony stand out were its liberal commercial policy and the development of rural trade. However, given that the growth of the market in Saxony was confined to geographically narrow zones, and that Prussia refused to be integrated with Hamburg, I concluded that the German market was distorted.
Secondary predicates and motion events: the rise of complex predicates in Vedic Sanskrit
Authors: Casaretto Antje
Published: October 2024

In Late Vedic and Classical Sanskrit, a periphrastic construction consisting of a desemanticized motion or position verb and a participle is used to express a continuous, habitual or iterative action. Since in Early Vedic the finite verb still retains its lexical meaning, the grammaticalization must have taken place in post-Rigvedic times. Still, there are some ambiguous sentences in the Rigveda where interpretation as motion event and as continuous etc. event appear equally plausible and which are possible bridging contexts for the later reanalysis as a periphrasis. This paper focuses on the start of the development and re-evaluates the Rigvedic data. Two factors that have not been considered yet seem to have played a decisive role in the grammaticalization process: (1) the synchronic function of the participle as secondary predicate, a participant-oriented adjunct that overlaps temporally with the time frame set by the finite verb, and (2) the usage of motion verbs in non-directional contexts, i.e. in sentences without overt complements. Both factors are fundamental for the interpretational switch from motion to non-motion event, which is a prerequisite for the rise of the later periphrastic construction.
Pigmentation anomalies and lesions in bats from Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Hernández-Aguilar Itandehui , Lorenzo Consuelo , Santos-Moreno Antonio
Published: October 2024

Pigmentation anomalies and lesions are aspects of wild bat populations that have been rarely addressed and scarcely documented. We captured a total of 4,118 bats belonging to 30 species during 2020, 2021, and 2022 in the municipalities of Santa Maria Huatulco and San Miguel Lachiguiri, Oaxaca, southeastern Mexico. Of these, 9 individuals (0.21 %) showed piebaldism (6 females and 3 males), and 11 individuals (0.26 %) had skin and hair lesions (7 females and 4 males). The highest number of piebaldism and lesions was observed in Natalus mexicanus (6 of the 20 individuals), followed by Mormoops megalophylla (n = 4), Pteronotus mesoamericanus (n = 3), Pteronotus fulvus (n = 3), Glossophaga mutica (n = 2), and Artibeus lituratus (n = 2). The months with the highest number of bats with piebaldism and lesions were October (n = 6) and July 2021. Seventeen records occurred in caves, two in the medium sub-evergreen forest, and one in a human settlement. To date, it has not been confirmed that skin depigmentation in bats affects the social life and reproductive activity of bats, but they could be more susceptible to predation events. Furthermore, lesions could negatively affect flight performance and, consequently, foraging efficiency.
Mechanism exploration of ion-implanted epoxy on surface trap distribution: An approach to augment the vacuum flashover voltages
Authors: Haq Inzamam Ul , Akram Shakeel , Fang Zhi , Tariq Nazir Muhammad , Al-Ammar Essam A.
Published: October 2024

The augmentation of the epoxy (EP) resin surface to advance flashover performance has become a pivotal point of global interest. This research introduces a novel surface modification method and its mechanism for insulation materials. The research follows an electron cyclotron resonance ion implantation system to subject the surface of EP insulation to ion beams with diverse energies, i.e., 6, 10, 20, 40, 50, and 60 keV for a consistent time of 300 s at an angle of 90°. The experimental phase includes the DC flashover examination under negative polarity. Besides, the simulation phase includes the Monte Carlo model constructed using SRIM software to examine the range and distribution of bombarded ions in the targeted insulation. Results reveal that the flashover properties are affected by the surface potential, surface conductivity, trap distribution, water contact angle, and elemental composition. Likewise, based on the outcomes and theoretical point of view, it is revealed that the bombardment of energetic ions enhances the trap depth, assisting in a reduction in surface conductivity, confining the surface charge movements, and extensively suppressing the secondary electron emission yield. Also, the enhanced trap depth induces homo-charge formation near triple junctions. Synergistically, the factors contribute to high flashover voltages.
Prediction of flexural strength of concrete with eggshell and glass powders: Advanced cutting-edge approach for sustainable materials
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , AlAteah Ali H. , Alsubeai Ali , Alahmari Turki S. , Mostafa Sahar A.
Published: October 2024

Currently, there is a lack of research comparing the efficacy of machine learning and response surface methods in predicting flexural strength of Concrete with Eggshell and Glass Powders. This research aims to predict and simulate the flexural strengths of concrete that replaces cement and fine aggregate with waste materials such as eggshell powder (ESP) and waste glass powder (WGP). The response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques are used. A dataset comprising previously published research was used to assess predictive and generalization abilities of the ANN and RSM. A total of 225 research article samples were collected and split into three subsets for model development: 70% for training (157 samples), 15% for validation (34 samples), and 15% for testing (34 samples). ANN used seven independent variables to model and improve the model, whereas RSM used three variables (cement, WGP, and ESP) to improve the model. The k-fold cross-validation validated the generalizability of the model, and the statistical metrics demonstrated favorable outcomes. Both ANN and RSM techniques are effective instruments for predicting flexural strength, according to the statistical results, which include the mean squared error, determination coefficient (R
2), and adjusted coefficient (R
2 adj). RSM was able to achieve an R
2 of 0.7532 for flexural strength, whereas the accuracy of the results for ANN was 0.956 for flexural strength. Moreover, the correlation between the ANN and RSM models and the experimental data was high. However, the ANN model exhibited superior accuracy.
Dissociation of Attentional State and Behavioral Outcome Using Local Field Potentials
Authors: Prakash Surya S. , Mayo J. Patrick , Ray Supratim
Published: October 2024

Successful behavior depends on the attentional state and other factors related to decision-making, which may modulate neuronal activity differently. Here, we investigated whether attentional state and behavioral outcome (i.e., whether a target is detected or missed) are distinguishable using the power and phase of local field potential recorded bilaterally from area V4 of two male rhesus monkeys performing a cued visual attention task. To link each trial's outcome to pairwise measures of attention that are typically averaged across trials, we used several methods to obtain single-trial estimates of spike count correlation and phase consistency. Surprisingly, while attentional location was best discriminated using gamma and high-gamma power, behavioral outcome was best discriminated by alpha power and steady-state visually evoked potential. Power outperformed absolute phase in attentional/behavioral discriminability, although single-trial gamma phase consistency provided reasonably high attentional discriminability. Our results suggest a dissociation between the neuronal mechanisms that regulate attentional focus and behavioral outcome.
Paradojas dialécticas del modelo de competencia perfecta de la teoría económica neoclásica
Authors: Mora Jiménez Henry
Published: October 2024

Neoclassical economic theory holds, with apparent certainty, that the model of perfect competition is an idealized form of real markets. Although difficult to find, it is of enormous importance as a scientific concept and as a guide to practice.
In this article we propose that this statement is partially incorrect. Neither is perfect competition an idealized form of real markets, nor can it serve as an adequate guide for an economic policy on the ordering of markets. Instead, perfect competition and other similar concepts are topological variants of spontaneous order.
From the two previous considerations, a set of paradoxes and inconsistencies derive that, however, do not totally invalidate the search for transcendental concepts, if we correctly locate their place in the social sciences.
Antibiotic Appropriateness for Urinary Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Dantas Marina , Eckard Allison Ross , Morrisette Taylor , Williams Daniel , Thacker Stephen A. , Teufel Ronald J.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

We examined local prescribing patterns across the entire treatment course for children treated for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) to determine opportunities for antibiotic stewardship initiatives.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective review of emergency department and inpatient encounters for febrile and afebrile UTI in a children’s hospital from 2021 to 2022. An antibiotic spectrum ranking was established, and providers’ choices were assessed for appropriateness on the basis of the individuals’ urine culture (UCx). Groups were stratified by fever presence and compared using χ2, Fisher’s exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

RESULTS

Of 172 encounters (83% emergency department), 99 (58%) had a positive UCx. Eighty (80%) grew Escherichia coli, with 67 (84%) being susceptible to cefazolin (minimum inhibitory concentration ≤16 mg/L). There were 229 antibiotic regimens and 39 (17%) were appropriate. Inappropriate antibiotic choices included unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and misdiagnosed UTI. Grouping by encounter, at least 1 dose of a third cephalosporin was given in 51% of encounters, and 80% of these received it unnecessarily because of UTI misdiagnosis or suitability of a narrower-spectrum antibiotic. The median prescribed antibiotic duration was 7 days (interquartile range 7–10). Of 73 encounters with UCx growing mixed flora or a nonuropathogen, only 29 (40%) had antibiotics discontinued. Confirmed UTI was associated with fever and nitrite positivity.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study revealed high prevalence of inappropriate antibiotics, particularly unnecessary prescribing of third cephalosporin, prescriptions not supported by laboratory data, and prolonged treatment courses. Our results identify factors that can be used to support UTI treatment pathways and ensure antibiotic stewardship.
Hamama
Authors: Marom Roy , Taxel Itamar
Published: October 2024

This article explores the history of Hamama, an Arab village in the Gaza Sub-District during the Late Ottoman and British Mandate period c. 1750–1948 CE, combining the often disparate fields of Ottoman/Levantine archaeology and Ottoman/Palestinian history for tracing its rise from an ordinary village into the Sub-District’s third largest settlement. Ethnographic sources and historical evidence testify that the village of Hamama had been inhabited continuously from the Mamluk period until 1948. The paper uses the case of Hamama to argue that the detailed history of specific villages and towns cannot be reconstructed out of a synchronous (specific point-in-time) reading of the sources without considering the influence of previous stages in their socioeconomic development. Using a vast array of primary sources and archaeological materials, this study explores the interaction between local topography and existing social fabrics with broader transformative processes on the regional and trans-regional levels. It shows how the region of Hamama underwent a significant economic growth and settlement expansion. In the 1860s, local administrative re-structuring took hold as part of the implementation of the tanzimat reforms at the district level. The establishment of the “quarter system”—the division of village land between the groups of families—led to considerable economic development, which was evident in village land uses by the early 20th century. Later, British town plans and building permits testify to the involvement of the colonial administration in the architectural and spatial planning of the Arab countryside. These were local manifestations of globalization and the modernization efforts of the Ottoman Empire and later the British Mandate.
Pottery Production Changes During the Transition from Byzantine to Umayyad Rule
Authors: Al-Shorman Ahmed , Shiyab Atef , Tarboush Maher
Published: October 2024

Pottery is the most affected tool by the changes in human societies; this is due to its flexibility during forming. In order to estimate the effect of the transition of inhabitants of the urban center of Umm Qais (Gadara), north Jordan, from Byzantine (Christianity) to Umayyad (Islam) rule on pottery production traditions, a total of 29 cooking pots and sherds of pottery jars were selected. The samples were dated according to stratigraphy, archaeological context, and parallel examples to the proposed periods. The samples were investigated following the typological and archaeometric approaches. The raw materials and firing technology of the pottery during the two periods were determined following chemical and mineralogical methods using petrography, XRD,  ED-XRF, and EDX-SEM techniques. The results revealed that many styles and forms of pottery continued to be produced and some new styles emerged at the urban center of Gadara.  Technically, the potters inherited the knowledge of selecting the available raw materials and firing conditions of pottery during the Byzantine and Umayyad periods. During these periods, Umm Qais potters used the local raw materials—non-calcareous ferruginous illite clays mixed with medium to high amounts of coarse quartz grains and fired at temperatures around 1000° in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce cooking pots. They used the available medium to highcalcareous ferruginous illite clays and fired them at temperatures between 850° and 950° in an oxidizing atmosphere to produce the jars. Importing fine fabric jars and cooking pots during the seventh century from Jarash are indicated too. Thus, the types and forms of everyday use pottery were more affected by the political and religious changes than the technical aspects.
Unlocking the Antioxidant Potential of Calendula Officinalis: A Comparative Study of Extraction Methods
Authors: Boğa İnaltekin Biter , Oktar Ceren , Kondolot Solak Ebru
Published: October 2024

Calendula officinalis which is also known as marigold is a species of plant in the daisy family that has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties. In this study we tried to analyze the antioxidant activity of calendula officinalis flowers extract. Three different extraction methods that are soxhlet, maceration, and ultrasonic procedures are applied to the calendula officinalis flowers and antioxidant activities for each extract is analyzed and compared.
Methods: In this study, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic extraction methods and ethanol solvent are used to obtain calendula officinalis extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts with different concentration are investigated under DPPH solution.
Results: DPPH radical scavenging activity for the extract obtained using soxhlet procedure is higher than the other two procedures that are maceration and ultrasonic. With increasing calendula officinalis extract concentration, it is observed that the antioxidant activity is also increased as expected.
Conclusions: In conclusion, calendula officinalis flowers perform very high antioxidant property and the soxhlet method can be considered as the best method for the extraction. Further researches for the application of the extract can be studied.
Extended Depth-of-Focus is a New Intraocular Lens Technology in the Treatment of Presbyopia: Review
Authors: Morozova Tatyana A.
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is to analyse a new trend in the cataract surgery, to clarify what a definition, positioning by manufacturer, standards of the extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOLs. In this review we classify the different types of the EDOF lenses based on their optical principle and discuss the recently specific calculation and indications for implantation of the extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses.
KIM-1 and Other Markers of Acute Kidney Injury in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Sergeeva Natalia S. , Karmakova Tatiana A. , Savchina Victoria V. , Alentov Igor I. , Karpenko Elena Yu. , Marshutina Nina V. , Kaprin Andrey D.
Published: October 2024

Nephrotoxicity is one of the main dose-limiting factors for cisplatin in anticancer chemotherapy. The limitations of traditional indicators of renal function, such as blood creatinine and urea nitrogen, encourage the search for new informative markers that allow early diagnosis of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in order to properly maintain kidney health and timely correct the treatment plan. This review provides a general description of biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI), which have received special attention in this aspect today. Experimental and clinical data from recent years regarding these indicators in cisplatin-induced AKI are presented, with an emphasis on one of the most promising biomarkers, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1).
Biological Meaning of Aging (Theoretical Analysis)
Authors: Shabalin Vladimir N.
Published: October 2024

For many centuries, scientists have been trying to find an answer to the question: why do living organisms age? Many scientific theories have been proposed to explain individual mechanisms of aging. However, even their integral analysis does not allow us to develop a universal theory of aging. At the same time, all existing theories classify aging as a purely negative phenomenon of life. Target of review — to show the fundamental role of aging in the evolutionary development of living matter. A fundamentally new interpretation of the biological meaning of aging in the process of ontogenesis and the development of living nature as a whole is given in the form of a hypothesis of the collection, formation and archiving of structural information in the tissues of the body at the molecular level. It is assumed that evolutionary development is carried out through mutation of genome molecules and the conformation of protein molecules. These transformations result from the search by organic molecules for new information, which is archived in their structure in the form of rigid blocks. As information archives grow, the functionally active part of the organic molecule decreases. These changes are at the heart of the aging process. Upon reaching the limit of archival accumulation of new information, structural formations cease their vital activity and undergo metabolic processing by their own body or other organisms of the biosphere. A hypothesis has been put forward about the basic mechanism of aging of the body in the form of collection, processing and archiving of molecular biological information. The continuous exchange between organisms of constantly improving structural blocks of molecular information in the biosphere through universal metabolism determines the evolutionary development of living matter as a whole.