bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osteogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells is activated by the DNA damage response
Authors: Rosina M. , Langone F. , Giuliani G. , Cerquone Perpetuini A. , Reggio A. , Calderone A. , Fuoco C. , Castagnoli L. , Gargioli C. , Cesareni G.
Published: April 2019

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological condition characterized by the deposition of mineralized tissue in ectopic locations such as the skeletal muscle. The precise cellular origin and molecular mechanisms underlying HO are still debated. In our study we focus on the differentiation of mesoangioblasts (MABs), a population of multipotent skeletal muscle precursors. High-content screening for small molecules that perturb MAB differentiation decisions identified Idoxuridine (IdU), an antiviral and radiotherapy adjuvant, as a molecule that promotes MAB osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting myogenesis. IdU-dependent osteogenesis does not rely on the canonical BMP-2/SMADs osteogenic pathway. At pro-osteogenic conditions IdU induces a mild DNA Damage Response (DDR) that activates ATM and p38 eventually promoting the phosphorylation of the osteogenesis master regulator RUNX2. By interfering with this pathway IdU-induced osteogenesis is severely impaired. Overall, our study suggests that induction of the DDR promotes osteogenesis in muscle resident MABs thereby offering a new mechanism that may be involved in the ectopic deposition of mineralized tissue in the muscle.
Changes in plant C, N and P ratios under elevated [CO2] and canopy warming in a rice-winter wheat rotation system
Authors: Wang Jianqing , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Xuhui , Li Lianqing , Lam Shu Kee , Pan Genxing
Published: April 2019

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) can stimulate plant growth through enhanced photosynthetic rate. However, plant C, N and P ratios in response to elevated [CO2] combined with canopy warming in rice-winter wheat rotation system remain largely unknown. Here we investigated the impacts of elevated [CO2] and warming on plant nutrient ratios under open-air conditions. Four treatments including the ambient condition (CK), elevated [CO2] (500 ppm, CE), canopy warming (+2 °C, WA), and the combination of elevated [CO2] and warming (CW) were used to investigate the responses of plant C, N and P ratios in a rice-winter wheat rotation system in southeast China. Results showed that elevated [CO2] increased C:N ratio in whole plant by 8.4–14.3% for both crops, and increased C:P ratio by 11.3% for rice. The changes in ratio were due to an increase in C concentration by 0.8–1.2% and a reduction in N concentration by 7.4–10.7% for both crops, and a reduction in P concentration by 10.0% for rice. Warming increased N allocation in rice leaf and N concentration by 12.4% for rice, resulting in increases in the ratios of N to C and P by 11.9% and 9.7% in rice, but not in wheat. However, CW had no effect on plant C:N ratio in rice, indicating the positive effect of elevated [CO2] could offset the negative impact of warming on C:N ratio. By contrast, CW significantly decreased plant C:P and N:P ratios by 16% due to the increase in P allocation in stem for wheat. These results suggest that impacts of climate change on plant nutrient balance occur through interactions between the effects of climate change on nutrient uptake and allocation, which is important for food quality and productivity under global climate change.
Internal cost of spontaneous deception revealed by ERPs and EEG spectral perturbations
Authors: Zhu Chengkang , Pan Jingjing , Li Shuaiqi , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Pengcheng , Li Jianbiao
Published: April 2019

Abundant literature has studied the behavioral and neural correlates of deception, but little research has focused on the internal cost of spontaneous deception. In the present study, the event-related potential and event-related spectral perturbations techniques were used to measure the internal cost of spontaneous deception by having participants perform a sender–receiver task in which they decided whether to send deceptive messages to increase their payoff from the task. Several important main findings emerged from this study. We observed a reward positivity (RewP) after senders sent the message, suggesting an integration of reward with associated cost after response in our task. Furthermore, spontaneous deception decreased the amplitude of the RewP and power in the delta and beta bands, whereas it increased the amplitude of power in the theta band, indicating that deception carried an internal cost that devalued individuals’ rewards.
Direct mapping of hydrangea blue-complex in sepal tissues of Hydrangea macrophylla
Authors: Ito Takaaki , Aoki Dan , Fukushima Kazuhiko , Yoshida Kumi
Published: April 2019

The original sepal color of Hydrangea macrophylla is blue, although it is well known that sepal color easily changes from blue through purple to red. All the colors are due to a unique anthocyanin, 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin, and both aluminum ion (Al3+) and copigments, 5-O-caffeoyl and/or 5-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid are essential for blue coloration. A mixture of 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin, 5-O-acylquinic acid, and Al3+ in a buffer solution at pH 4 produces a stable blue solution with visible absorption and circular dichroism spectra identical to those of the sepals, then, we named this blue pigment as ‘hydrangea blue-complex’. The hydrangea blue-complex consists of 3-O-glucosyldelphinidin, Al3+, and 5-O-acylquinic acid in a ratio 1:1:1 as determined by the electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. To map the distribution of hydrangea blue-complex in sepal tissues, we carried out cryo-time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. The spectrum of the reproduced hydrangea blue-complex with negative mode-detection gave a molecular ion at m/z = 841, which was consistent with the results of ESI-TOF MS. The same molecular ion peak at m/z = 841 was detected in freeze-fixed blue sepal-tissue. In sepal tissues, the blue cells were located in the second layer and the mass spectrometry imaging of the ion attributable to hydrangea blue-complex overlapped with the same area of the blue cells. In colorless epidermal cells, atomic ion of Al3+ was hardly detected and potassium adduct ion of 5-O-caffeoyl and/or 3-O-acylquinic acid were found. This is the first report about the distribution of aluminum, potassium, hydrangea blue-complex, and copigment in sepal tissues and the first evidence that aluminum and hydrangea blue-complex exist in blue sepal cells and are involved in blue coloration.
Defining Dysbiosis in Patients with Urolithiasis
Authors: Zampini Anna , Nguyen Andrew H. , Rose Emily , Monga Manoj , Miller Aaron W.
Published: April 2019

The prevalence of urinary stone disease (USD) is rapidly rising. However, the factors driving this increase are unknown. Recent microbiome studies suggest that dysbiosis may in part contribute to the increasing prevalence. The objective of the current study was to determine the nature and location of dysbiosis associated with USD. We conducted microbiome analysis from the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, along with a metabolomic analysis of the urinary metabolome, from subjects with an active episode of USD or no history of the disease. Higher rates of antibiotic use among USD patients along with integrated microbiome and metabolomic results support the hypothesis that USD is associated with an antibiotic-driven shift in the microbiome from one that protects against USD to one that promotes the disease. Specifically, our study implicates urinary tract Lactobacillus and Enterobacteriaceae in protective and pathogenic roles for USD, respectively, which conventional, culture-based methods of bacterial analysis from urine and kidney stones would not necessarily detect. Results suggest that antibiotics produce a long-term shift in the microbiome that may increase the risk for USD, with the urinary tract microbiome holding more relevance for USD than the gut microbiome.
Strong and ductile AZ31 Mg alloy with a layered bimodal structure
Authors: Luo Xuan , Huang Tianlin , Wang Yuhui , Xin Yunchang , Wu Guilin
Published: April 2019

AZ31 Mg alloy was processed by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) and hot rolling (HR), respectively, followed by annealing. Layered bimodal structures characterized by an alternative distribution of fine-grained layers and coarse-grained layers were obtained in the ARB samples, while mixed bimodal structures were achieved in the HR samples. The ARB samples have superior combinations of high strength and good elongation compared to the HR samples, indicating a clear effect of layered bimodal structures on mechanical properties of the alloy. The strength of the ARB samples is related to the grain size; while the ductility is attributed to the activity of non-basal slip and the strong backstress.
Assessment of the pulmonary toxic potential of nano-tobacco stem-pyrolyzed biochars
Authors: Dong C. D. , Lung S. C. C. , Chen C. W. , Lee J. S. , Chen Y. C. , Wang W. C. V. , Chen C. J. , Hung C. M. , Lin C. H.
Published: April 2019

Despite the growing potential in various applications of nanobiochars, there are still concerns regarding their health effects.
Nano to micron-sized particle detection in patients' lungs and its pathological significance
Authors: Forest Valérie , Pourchez Jérémie , Guibert Cyril , Bitounis Dimitrios , Leclerc Lara , Sarry Gwendoline , Vergnon Jean-Michel
Published: April 2019

Comprehensive mineralogical analyses (including nano to micron-sized particle detection) of patients' bronchoalveolar lavages allow obtaining new insights into the role of inhaled biopersistent particles in lung diseases.
Graphene and novel graphitic ZnO and ZnS nanofilms: the energy landscape, non-stoichiometry and water dissociation
Authors: Conejeros Sergio , Allan Neil L. , Claeyssens Frederik , Hart Judy N.
Published: April 2019

Ab initioenergy landscapes of thin ZnO and ZnS films reveal new structures, non-stoichiometry and different behaviour of adsorbed water.
Ultra-sharp and surfactant-free silver nanowire for scanning tunneling microscopy and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Qiushi , Kim Sanggon , Ma Xuezhi , Yu Ning , Zhu Yangzhi , Deng Siyu , Yan Ruoxue , Zhao Huijuan , Liu Ming
Published: April 2019

Sharp-tip silver nanowires with PVP coating removed can be used for STM-TERS measurement.
Highly tunable nonlinear response of Au@WS2 hybrids with plasmon resonance and anti-Stokes effect
Authors: Qiu Yun-Hang , Chen Kai , Ding Si-Jing , Nan Fan , Lin Yong-Jie , Ma Jia-Xing , Hao Zhong-Hua , Zhou Li , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: April 2019

Plasmon-mediated third-order nonlinearities and sign reversals above the bandgap in Au@WS2 hybrids with a strong anti-Stokes effect.
A new device concept for bacterial sensing by Raman spectroscopy and voltage-gated monolayer graphene
Authors: Nanda Sitansu Sekhar , Kim Bum Jun , Kim Kwan-Woo , Nasir Tuqeer , Park Jaehyun , Yun Kyusik , Hembram K. P. S. S. , Papaefthymiou Georgia C. , Choi Jae-Young , Yi Dong Kee
Published: April 2019

Top-gated-monolayer graphene, in the presence of interaction with Gram-positive/negative bacteria, is probed by Raman spectroscopy under an applied voltage.
In-depth optical characterization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) after formation of nanosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures
Authors: Son Sung Yun , Kang Gyeongho , Kim Minjun , Lee Junwoo , Kim Taewan , Park Taiho , Lim Jongchul
Published: April 2019

Optical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene) films irradiated with 1200, 3000, and 6000 pulses, respectively, are studied using various techniques.
Gated graphene island-enabled tunable charge transfer plasmon terahertz metamodulator
Authors: Ahmadivand Arash , Gerislioglu Burak , Ramezani Zeinab
Published: April 2019

Graphene-enhanced optoelectronic terahertz (THz) signal processing offers an exquisite potential for tailoring extreme-subwavelength platforms to develop tunable and highly-responsive photonic tools.
The effect of strain on effective Duffing nonlinearity in the CVD-MoS2 resonator
Authors: Samanta Chandan , Arora Nishta , V. Kranthi Kumar , Raghavan Srinivasan , Naik A. K.
Published: April 2019

We use frequency response of CVD-MoS2 resonator as a probe to estimate the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material and evaluate the effect of strain on the effective Duffing nonlinearity.
A rapid screening method for evaluating the total migratable hydrocarbons in paper products by headspace gas chromatography
Authors: Dai Yi , Zhu Chuxing , Xue Meigui , Chai Xin-Sheng , Chen Chunxia , Chen Runquan , Hu Huichao
Published: April 2019

Herein, we report a rapid screening method for evaluating the hydrocarbon contamination in paper samples by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC).
Dynamic rheological properties of polyurethane-based magnetorheological gels studied using oscillation shear tests
Authors: Zhang Guang , Wang Huixing , Wang Jiong , Zheng Jiajia , Ouyang Qing
Published: April 2019

This paper studies the dynamic rheological behaviors of magnetorheological (MR) gels containing different CIP weight fractions suspended in polyurethane (PU).
Newly developed electrochemical synthesis of Co-based layered double hydroxides: toward noble metal-free electro-catalysis
Authors: Musella Elisa , Gualandi Isacco , Scavetta Erika , Rivalta Arianna , Venuti Elisabetta , Christian Meganne , Morandi Vittorio , Mullaliu Angelo , Giorgetti Marco , Tonelli Domenica
Published: April 2019

A novel and reproducible protocol allows the electro-synthesis of LDHs for electro-catalytic applications.
Highly conductive electrocatalytic gold nanoparticle-assembled carbon fiber electrode for high-performance glucose-based biofuel cells
Authors: Kwon Cheong Hoon , Ko Yongmin , Shin Dongyeeb , Lee Seung Woo , Cho Jinhan
Published: April 2019

Au nanoparticle-coated highly conductive carbon fiber electrodes for high-power glucose-biofuel cells were developed based on a layer-by-layer assembling method.
Comment on “Synthesis and properties of high dielectric constant copolymer of a copper phthalocyanine oligomer grafted to amino-capped polyimide” by L. Chen, Y. Ding, T. Yang, C. Wan and H. Hou,J. Mater. Chem. C, 2017,5, 8371
Authors: Mezei Gellert
Published: April 2019

Copper phthalocyanine prepared from pyromellitic dianhydride by Chenet al.and others is not fused-tetrameric, as claimed, but simple monomeric.
Emerging investigator series: towards a framework for establishing the impacts of pharmaceuticals in wastewater irrigation systems on agro-ecosystems and human health
Authors: Carter Laura J. , Chefetz Benny , Abdeen Ziad , Boxall Alistair B. A.
Published: April 2019

Use of reclaimed wastewater for agricultural irrigation is seen as an attractive option to meet agricultural water demands of a growing number of countries suffering from water scarcity.
An optimised control system to steer the transition from anaerobic mono- to co-digestion in full-scale plants
Authors: Taboada-Santos Anton , Carballa Marta , Morales Nicolás , Vázquez-Padín Jose R. , Gutierrez Ramiro , Lema Juan M.
Published: April 2019

The proposed control system allowed a full-scale sludge anaerobic digester to be safely steered from mono- to co-digestion and to raise methane production by 3-fold, increasing the self-produced electricity from 25% to 75% of the total demand of the WWTP.
Photocatalytic effect of ZnO on the stability of nonfullerene acceptors and its mitigation by SnO2for nonfullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Jiang Youyu , Sun Lulu , Jiang Fangyuan , Xie Cong , Hu Lu , Dong Xinyun , Qin Fei , Liu Tiefeng , Hu Lin , Jiang Xueshi , Zhou Yinhua
Published: April 2019

Nonfullerene acceptors tend to decompose in the presence of ZnO due to photocatalytic activity, and SnO2is an alternative for higher efficiency and better stability.
Multi-quantum-well quantum dots with stable dual emission
Authors: Xing Weishuo , Zhang Xinsu , Geng Chong , Xie Yangyang , Deng Yuchen , Li Peng , Li Huanrong , Xu Shu , Bi Wengang
Published: April 2019

MQW-QDs with stable dual emission versus excitation power are achieved via balancing exciton distribution in adjacent quantum wells.
A two-dimensional metal–organic framework accelerating visible-light-driven H2 production
Authors: Xia Bingquan , Ran Jingrun , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Zhang Xuliang , Jing Liqiang , Qiao Shi-Zhang
Published: April 2019

The photocatalytic performance of hydrogen production is significantly accelerated by a two-dimensional Co-based metal–organic framework.
Hierarchical multi-level block copolymer patterns by multiple self-assembly
Authors: Jung Hyunsung , Shin Won Ho , Park Tae Wan , Choi Young Joong , Yoon Young Joon , Park Sung Heum , Lim Jae-Hong , Kwon Jung-Dae , Lee Jung Woo , Kwon Se-Hun , Seong Gi Hun , Kim Kwang Ho , Park Woon Ik
Published: April 2019

Unusual pattern generation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures can be achieved by the multiple self-assembly of block copolymers (BCPs) such as big-dot, double-dot, line-on-dot, pondering, dot-in-honeycomb, dot-in-pondering, and line-on-pondering patterns.
In silicoprofiling nanoparticles: predictive nanomodeling using universal nanodescriptors and various machine learning approaches
Authors: Yan Xiliang , Sedykh Alexander , Wang Wenyi , Zhao Xiaoli , Yan Bing , Zhu Hao
Published: April 2019

We designed novel nanodescriptors that can characterize the nanostructure diversity and also be quickly calculated in batches, to profile nanoparticles.
Unexpected benefits of stacking faults on the electronic structure and optical emission in wurtzite GaAs/GaInP core/shell nanowires
Authors: Yuan Xiaoming , Li Lin , Li Ziyuan , Wang Fan , Wang Naiyin , Fu Lan , He Jun , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati
Published: April 2019

Superior passivation of GaInP shell and the revealed carrier dynamics in WZ polytype GaAs nanowires.
Ultrathin 2D nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets for high performance supercapacitors: insight into the effects of graphene oxides
Authors: Zhang Xu , Fan Qiuyu , Qu Ning , Yang He , Wang Man , Liu Anmin , Yang Juan
Published: April 2019

Ultrathin 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets have been facilely synthesized by using GO as the structure-directing agent.
Efficient surface functionalization of detonation nanodiamond using ozone under ambient conditions
Authors: Ackermann Johannes , Krueger Anke
Published: April 2019

Room temperature ozonation of nanodiamond in colloidal suspension leads to surface ozonides that are efficiently transformed into different oxygen-containing groups.
Si1−xGex nanoantennas with a tailored Raman response and light-to-heat conversion for advanced sensing applications
Authors: Mitsai E. , Naffouti M. , David T. , Abbarchi M. , Hassayoun L. , Storozhenko D. , Mironenko A. , Bratskaya S. , Juodkazis S. , Makarov S. , Kuchmizhak A.
Published: April 2019

Incorporation of Ge into Si1−xGex nanoparticles allows modification of their light-to-heat conversion and optical response, which is crucial for biosensing applications.
Superconductivity with high hardness in Mo3C2
Authors: Ge Yufei , Ma Shuailing , Bao Kuo , Tao Qiang , Zhao Xingbin , Feng Xiaokang , Li Li , Liu Bo , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian
Published: April 2019

This work synthesized a high hardness and superconductive polycrystalline Mo3C2 material by the HPHT method. Mo3C2 exhibits superconductivity below 8.2 K and its hardness is far higher than that of the traditionally used superconductive materials.
Synthesis and biological activities of petrosiols B and D
Authors: Geng Jialin , Ren Qidong , Chang Caizhu , Xie Xinni , Liu Jun , Du Yuguo
Published: April 2019

A divergent total synthesis of natural diacetylenic tetraols, petrosiol B and petrosiol D, was accomplished by taking advantage of a carbohydrate chiral template.
Recent development of electro-responsive smart electrorheological fluids
Authors: Dong Yu Zhen , Seo Yongsok , Choi Hyoung Jin
Published: April 2019

We summarize the latest electrorheological (ER) materials along with their rheological understanding, and also provide a forward-looking summary of the potential applications of ER technology.
Yielding behavior of model magnetorheological fluids
Authors: Morillas Jose R. , de Vicente Juan
Published: April 2019

The yielding behavior of magnetorheological fluids is revisited through the use of finite element method calculations on model structures and carefully conducted experiments in a magnetorheometer.
Design of novel TiO2–SiO2 core–shell helical nanostructured anti-reflective coatings on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells with enhanced power conversion efficiency
Authors: Chen Chia-Wei , Tsai Hung-Wei , Wang Yi-Chung , Su Teng-Yu , Yang Chen-Hua , Lin Wei-Sheng , Lin Zhan-Hong , Huang Jer-Shing , Chueh Yu-Lun
Published: April 2019

A novel TiO2–SiO2 core–shell nanostructure applied to the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell with increased efficiency from 6.32 to 7.00%.
Phase transformations and capacity fade mechanism in LixSn nanoparticle electrodes revealed by operando7Li NMR
Authors: Lorie Lopez Jose L. , Grandinetti Philip J. , Co Anne C.
Published: April 2019

An approach to elucidate the capacity fade mechanism of Sn nanoparticles is demonstrated through operando7Li NMR,ex situ7Li magic-angle spinning NMR and pair distribution function methods.
Linking monoterpenes and abiotic stress resistance in grapevines
Authors: Bertamini Massimo , Grando Maria Stella , Zocca Pietro , Pedrotti Michele , Lorenzi Silvia , Cappellin Luca
Published: April 2019

Rising temperatures and ozone levels are among the most striking stressful phenomena of global climate changes, and they threaten plants that are unable to react rapidly and efficiently. Generic responses of plants to stresses include the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive ROS accumulation can lead to extensive oxidation of important components such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which can further exacerbate ROS accumulation leading to programmed cell death. Although most studies on plant antioxidants have focused on non-volatile compounds, volatiles belonging to the isoprenoid family have been implicated in the protection against abiotic stresses, in particular thermal and oxidative stress whose frequency and extent is being exacerbated by ongoing global change and anthropogenic pollution. Historically, research has focused on isoprene, demonstrating that isoprene-emitting plants are more tolerant to ozone exposure and heat stress, reducing ROS accumulation. Yet, evidence is being compiled that shows other volatile isoprenoids may be involved in plant responses against abiotic stresses. Grapevines are not isoprene emitters but some varieties produce other volatile isoprenoids such as monoterpenes. We investigated photosynthesis and emission of volatile organic compounds upon heat stress in two Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’ clones differing only for a mutation in the DXS gene (2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway), regulating volatile isoprenoid biosynthesis. We showed that the mutation led to a strong increase in monoterpene emission upon heat stress. At the same time, maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm ratio) of PSII was affected by the stress in the non-emitting clone while the monoterpene emitter showed a significant resilience, thus indicating a possible antioxidant role of monoterpenes in grapevine. Future mechanistic studies should focus on unveiling the actual mechanism responsible for such findings.
VICMOTO: Physical modeling and numerical simulation applied to vineyard
Authors: Mania Elena , Andreoli Valentina , Cavalletto Silvia , Cassardo Claudio , Guidoni Silvia
Published: April 2019

The knowledge at site level of meteorological and environmental variables involved in vine vegetative development and in grape maturation process is not enough to perceive the plant behaviour in a heterogeneous agro-system such as a vineyard. A useful support for winegrowers decision-making arises from the use of crop growth models able to simulate physiological processes that occur in the atmosphere-plant-soil interface. The study was conducted, during the 2016 and 2017 season, in a Nebbiolo vineyard equipped with ‘above’ and ‘below’ the canopy meteorological sensors. Meteorological measures, soil characteristics and vineyards features were used as input of the VICMOTO model developed to simulate phenological phases, leaf area and grape yield development, water available for the plant in the soil vine water status and berry sugar accumulation. Specific field surveys were used to calibrate and validate the numerical model. VICMOTO showed quite good performance in simulating phenological phases, sugar accumulation and yield, while vine leaf area and soil water potential are less accurate. The calibration and validation of VICMOTO requires measurements to be carried out on different sites and years. In order to obtain a better agreement between simulations and measures, it might be appropriate to modify the parameters and algorithms related to vegetative development and soil water potential.
Rescue and characterization of a local genotype in Sardinia: Apersorgia nera
Authors: Farci Massimino , Marongiu Giorgia , Campus Dario , Graviano Onofrio , Rigoldi Maria Pia , Frau Alessandra , Lovicu Gianni
Published: April 2019

Apesorgia nera is an ancient Sardinian grape variety present not only in the old vineyards, but also in courtyards and gardens, throughout the island, mainly in Southern and central Sardinia. This work aims to contribute to the ampelographic, chemical and genetic characterization of this autochthonous variety. The comparison of microsatellite profiles obtained with the main “on line” databases did not allow to identify other vines with the same profile. Apesorgia nera is a variety currently being registered in the National Register of Vine Varieties. The long tradition of cultivation, the presence in historical documents, the qualitative and productive characteristics make it an interesting variety, mainly for the local market.
LIFE15 ENV/IT/000392 − LIFE VITISOM Project, viticulture innovation technology and GHG emission monitoring
Authors: Valenti Leonardo , Ghiglieno Isabella , Sambo Federico , Pitacco Andrea , Tezza Luca , Vendrame Nadia , Virgili Giorgio , Minardi Ilaria , Giovenali Elisabetta , LoBello Jacopo
Published: April 2019

The main aim of the LIFE VITISOM Project is to promote an innovative solution for the management of the organic fertilisation in the viticultural sector. In parallel, different activities of monitoring of impacts have been planned. Specifically, a deep study about GHG emissions has been organised. In this context, different studies are being carried out: a continuous monitoring of net carbon fluxes (NEE) through the Eddy Covariance method, followed by University of Padua which allows data to be obtained at vineyard ecosystem level; a spatial monitoring of CH4, N2O and CO2, through a mobile instrument for measuring the variation of GHG developed by West Systems within the LIFE+ IPNOA Project. In the first case, two Eddy Covariance towers have been installed, one at Guido Berlucchi (Franciacorta, Lombardy) and one at Bosco del Merlo (Lison, Veneto). Additionally, spatial monitoring is being carried out in five testing sites involved in the LIFE VITISOM project. In this case, different organic fertilisation managements are compared.
Influence of water stress on grape quality and aroma precursors in Sauvignon Blanc grown in Bolgheri area (Tuscany)
Authors: Cataldo Eleonora , Salvi Linda , Paoli Francesca , Sbraci Sofia , Battista Mattii Giovan
Published: April 2019

Climate change has a direct impact on the phenological stages of the grapevine, with consequences on the anticipation of aging and on the qualitative characteristics of the grapes. In fact, there is a decrease in the skin/pulp ratio, with possible reduction of the aromatic potential. This work was aimed at assessing the effects of water stress on technological maturity and thiol precursors of Sauvignon Blanc grapes in two vineyards of Bolgheri. To this purpose, 3 theses have been established: WW, well watered; WS, moderate stress; CTRL, control. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange, stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (° Brix, acidity, pH and berry weight) and thiol precursors were analyzed. As expected, the water potential was less negative in the irrigated thesis due to the greater availability of water, as well as the highest rates of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance. Technological analyses showed no significant differences among the treatments. The analysis of the 3MH/3-mercaptoesan-1-ol precursors showed that the WW had a greater accumulation than the other theses. These results suggest that lower water stress favors a better aromatic content.
Non-anthocyanin polyphenols in healthy and Flavescence dorée infected Barbera and Nebbiolo leaves
Authors: Ferrandino Alessandra , Pagliarani Chiara , Kedrina-Okutan Olga , Icardi Sara , Bove Marco , Lovisolo Claudio , Novello Vittorino , Schubert Andrea
Published: April 2019

The first serious outbreak of Flavescence dorée (FD) in Piedmont (North-West Italy) dates back to 1998 in the Tortona area (Alessandria province). FD is a serious quarantine-worthy disease transmitted by the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball. Different Vitis vinifera L. biotypes react differently to the phytoplasma, in particular as to the accumulation of polyphenols in leaves. In this experimentation, we observed and described concentration and accumulation of the main classes of polyphenols in entire leaves and in leaf blades and veins of two varieties, Nebbiolo and Barbera, displaying different levels of susceptibility to FD. Their well-known different reactions could be related, at least partially, to leaf polyphenols, both as to concentrations and profiles. Nebbiolo displayed some specific traits: i) the higher percentage of incidence over totals of individual molecules known to be powerful antioxidants (caftaric acid over coutaric acid; quercetin glycosides over other flavonols); ii) the higher concentration of flavanols in veins with respect to Barbera and their wider profile (astilbin and a taxifolin-glycoside, this last accumulating exclusively in Nebbiolo).
Regulation of secondary metabolism in Vitis vinifera by an extract of A.nosodum effects of physiology and grape quality
Authors: Salvi Linda , Brunetti Cecilia , Battista Mattii Giovan
Published: April 2019

Heat and drought are major abiotic stresses that impact on many Vitis vinifera physiological processes and berry development, especially as global climate change is speeding up the expected frequency and severity of both stress factors. Nevertheless, seaweed extracts might represent a strategy to confer to treated plants the capability to be more prone to counteract short-term periods of severe stresses. In this paper, we report the effects of foliar treatments with an Ascophyllum nodosum extract on physiological and biochemical parameters of grapevine. In our study performed in the 2016 season in open field in Tuscany, we assessed differences in leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and midday stem water potential between treated and untreated vines. In addition, the in-depth analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols in berries presented within the work adds significantly to our knowledge of the influence of seaweed extract on the phenylpropanoid pathway. Moreover, our work witness the treatment-promoting greater tolerance to stress in vines, and support previous studies that hypothesize an influence of treatments with algae extracts on qualitative characteristics in V.vinifera.
Interactive effects of biostimulants and water stress on potted Pinot noir grapevines
Authors: Sbraci Sofia , Salvi Linda , Paoli Francesca , Cataldo Eleonora , Zombardo Alessandra , Puccioni Sergio , Storchi Paolo , Battista Mattii Giovan
Published: April 2019

Seaweeds extracts (SWE) are innovative and non-polluting tools that have become popular as biostimulants. Their effects on Pinot noir water potential, gas exchanges and fruit quality under drought stress and full irrigation were evaluated during the 2017 growing season. Differential irrigations were applied and Pinot Noir grapevines have been sprayed two times at label doses (3 g/L) during the vegetative growth, with the Ascophyllum nodosum exract, starting from veraison. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange and stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (°Brix, acidity, pH) and phenological one were analyzed. The inhibition of gas exchange and increase of stomatal limitation induced by drought stress were not reduced by SWE where A.nodosum had positive effects on midday stem water potential. Under full irrigation SWE increased leaf gas exchange. No particular effect was observed on the technological parameters after the treatment. The application of the seaweed extract improved polyphenols accumulation in stressed theses, increasing wine grapes quality. A.nodosum can be useful to reduce negative effects of abiotic stress such lack of water and to improve polyphenols content in grapes, especially in genotypes with a limited phenolic profile like Pinot Noir variety.
Summer drought stress: differential effects on cane anatomy and non-structural carbohydrate content in overwintering Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah vines
Authors: Falchi Rachele , Petrussa Elisa , Zancani Marco , Casolo Valentino , Beraldo Paola , Nardini Andrea , Sivilotti Paolo , Calderan Alberto , Herrera Jose Carlos , Peterlunger Enrico , Braidot Enrico
Published: April 2019

Grapevines store non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) during late summer to sustain plant development at the onset of the following spring’s growth. Starch is the main stored carbohydrate, found in the wood-ray parenchyma of roots and canes. Although the relationship between hydraulic and plant photosynthetic performance is well-recognized, little research has been done on the long-term effects of drought in grapevines adopting different strategies to cope with water stress (i.e. isohydric and anisohydric). We performed our study by exposing two different grape cultivars (Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon) to a short but severe drought stress, at two stages of the growing season (July and September). No marked differences in the physiological and hydraulic responses of the two varieties were found, probably due to our experimental conditions. However, anatomical and biochemical characterization of overwintering canes pointed out several interesting outcomes. We found a significant and parallel increase of starch and medullar ray number in both cultivars exposed to early water stress. We hypothesize that stressed vines limited their carbon allocation to growth, while shifting it to starch accumulation, with a most evident effect in the period of intense photosynthetic activity. We also speculate that a different aptitude to osmotic adjustment may underlay variation in starch increase and the specific involvement of bark NSC in the two cultivars.
Vegetative development and berry growth in relation to heat accumulation in Sangiovese vines subjected to double pruning at three different times
Authors: Lanari Vania , Lattanzi Tania , Di Lena Bruno , Palliotti Alberto , Silvestroni Oriana
Published: April 2019

The double pruning on Sangiovese based on pre-pruning and finishing in March, April and May applied over three years, induced a postponement of phenological phases, with repercussions on the vine vegetative and berry growth trends, with greater effects, according to the delay in the time of hand follow up during the season. The phenological development, the canopy and berry growth of Sangiovese, subjected to the three different finishing dates for the final pruning, were recorded during three years (2014-2016) and related to day of the year (DOY) and seasonal heat accumulation (growing degree days, GDD). A sigmoid growth model with high coefficient determination (R2 between 0.96 and 0.99), described shoot elongation and herbaceous berry growth, showing a temporal and thermal shift according to the finishing times. Despite the chronological delay, the vines revealed similar thermal necessities. Leaf area evolution of April and May finished vines showed 2 steps: a slow initial development followed by a rapid growth phase (91- 97cm2/GDD) beginning when shoots reached 7–10 leaves. GDD allowed to obtain simple models of vegetative development and berry growth of Sangiovese vines based on thermal evolution.
Kaolin treatments on Pinot noir grapevines for the control of heat stress damages
Authors: Frioni Tommaso , Tombesi Sergio , Luciani Elisa , Sabbatini Paolo , Berrios Julian G. , Palliotti Alberto
Published: April 2019

The aim of the study was to verify if vineyard kaolin application during the 2017 hot summer could reduce the negative effects of high temperatures and heat stress on canopy physiological processes, yield and fruit quality. The kaolin was applied once at the beginning of August, at 3% concentration, in a Pinot Noir vineyard. The application was performed only to the west side of the rows, where the vines were more subjected to heat stress. The 2017 summer was very hot, with maximum air temperature higher than 35 °C for several consecutive days in June, July and August and with heat waves that reached 42.3 °C in August. The kaolin coating works by significantly reducing leaf temperatures in comparison to untreated vines, with an average of about − 4 °C and up to −6 °C. Moreover, it maintains high the photosynthetic activity preventing irreversible photoinhibition phenomena, whereas untreated vines exhibit a marked physiological damage with chlorotic and necrotic leaves, dehydrated berries and sunburn damages. At harvest, 30-35% of the untreated vines were affected by severe water stress symptoms and produced unmarketable fruits. In comparison to the untreated vines, those sprayed with kaolin showed a higher yield (+27%), higher anthocyanins (+35%) and higher concentration of organic acids (+11%)
Comparison among mid-row soil managements techniques to preserve grape quality in Cabernet Sauvignon vines
Authors: Paoli Francesca , Salvi Linda , Cataldo Eleonora , Sbraci Sofia , Perria Rita , Storchi Paolo , Battista Mattii Giovan
Published: April 2019

Conservative technique of soil management plays an important role, compared to conventional tillage, in order to save soil fertility, to preserve biodiversity and to maintain vegetative-productive balance. However, alongside the many agronomic and environmental benefits, it is worth to consider that grass cover exerts water and nutritional competition, especially where irrigation is difficult to set up. This research is aimed to evaluate the effects, on vines physiology and quality of the grapes, of three different soil management: temporary sward over all interrows (IT), green manure and tillage every other row (SL) and mulching with plant residues and tillage every other row (PL); measurements were carried out in 2016 and 2017 on a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard, in Bolgheri (Tuscany). During the experiment, single leaf gas exchanges, stem water potential, productivity were measured, while quality parameters were analyzed. Significant differences in gas exchanges related to the different season and inter-row management were observed. Compared to SL and PL, the IT showed more negative values of water potential, due to the grass-vine competition, especially when water availability is greater. The competition, exerted by sward, at the beginning of the season 2017, lead to differences in fruit setting with impact on yield; therefrom, significant differences also in anthocyanic content.
Biochemical indicators of soil fertility in vineyards with different conservative management systems
Authors: Mondini Claudio , Bigot Giovanni , Sinicco Tania , Mosetti Davide
Published: April 2019

Biochemical parameters are particularly suited to evaluate soil fertility because soil microorganisms play a pivotal role in determining soil quality and functionand are very sensitive to changes in soil management and environmental conditions. For such reasons, in this work, we used several biochemical indexes to assess the effect on soil fertility of 3 different conservative management systems of vineyards. The managements compared were chemical weed control vs permanent grass (CWC/MWC), land levelling vs undisturbed soil (LL/US), conventional farming vs organic farming (CON/ORG). The following parameters were determined in 2014 and 2015 on soil samples: total organic C (TOC), extractable N (EN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass C (BC), microbial quotient (BC/TOC) and metabolic quotient (qCO2 = SBR/BC). Results showed that biochemical indicators were effective in detecting changes in soil fertility between compared systems. In particular, conservative systems (MWC, US and ORG) showed a larger and more efficient microbial biomass and enhanced EN content in comparison to the relative conventional systems. Furthermore BC/TOC and qCO2indicated higher C use efficiency in conservative systems. Results as a whole indicate that conservative management systems aimed to maintain and enhance soil organic matter displayed a higher level of soil fertility.
Analysis of agroclimatic resources for Georgian viticulture
Authors: Maghradze David , Cola Gabriele , Mariani Luigi , Failla Osvaldo
Published: April 2019

One of the results of the “Research Project for the Study of Georgian Grapes and Wine Culture” promoted by the National Wine Agency of the Republic of Georgia was the production of a bilingual handbook for modern viticulture. The first sections of the handbook were devoted to the agrometeorological analysis of environmental resources and limitations, comprising a general analysis of Georgian climate and agrometeorological features, followed by detailed regional cards. The agrometeorological analysis of Georgia was based on daily data collected by National and International networks for the period 1974-2013. Several agrometeorological indexes were calculated in order to define resources and limitations for viticulture for each viticultural region of Georgia, providing fundamental information for grape-growing and wine-making.
Effects of pre and post-veraison water deficit on Vermentino cluster microclimate and berry composition
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Ana , Mercenaro Luca , Azzena Mario , Nieddu Giovanni
Published: April 2019

The influence of light and thermal microclimate on berry quality of a Vermentino vineyard, managed with deficit irrigation strategies in north-western Sardinia, was analyzed. Two water deficit, pre- (ED) and post-veraison (LD), an irrigation (IC) and a non-irrigation (NC) control treatments were compared during berry development. Grapevine performances were evaluated by analyzing leaf gas exchange, source-sink balance, light and thermal microclimate effects on berry composition. Early and/or late deficit irrigation following a mild to moderate water stress threshold enabled high leaf physiological performances. Though with high stomatal conductance sensitivity to water deficit and anisohydric behavior, this variety exhibited high assimilation rate and quick recovery capacity after enduring moderate and severe water stress. All treatments achieved satisfactory sugar and acidic levels. Berry phenols were higher in LD due to lower canopy coverage and better light conditions compared to IC. Up to mid-ripening, cluster exposure to elevated temperatures negatively influenced phenolic accumulation, mostly in NC and to a lower extent in ED. In the last ripening weeks, total phenols was majorly influenced by light interception.
Effects of a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus iranicum) on grapevine development
Authors: Luciani Elisa , Frioni Tommaso , Tombesi Sergio , Farinelli Daniela , Gardi Tiziano , Ricci Anna , Sabbatini Paolo , Palliotti Alberto
Published: April 2019

During the spring of 2016, one-year-old own-rooted and 3-year-old grafted vines of cv. Sangiovese were treated with MycoUp, a formulation based on a recently identified mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum sp. nova. The results are showing an impact on the development of the root system of the two different vine groups. The treated root systems were more expanded and able to explore a higher volume of soil. We observed a significant increase in total root volume and the volume of the soil explored by the entire root system, suggesting a more efficient use of water and nutrients, phosphorus in particular, with the potential of better overcoming periods of water stress.
Recent developments of metamaterials/metasurfaces for RCS reduction
Authors: Fan Ya , Wang Jiafu , Fu Xinmin , Li Yongfeng , Pang Yongqiang , Zheng Lin , Yan Mingbao , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo
Published: April 2019

In this paper, recent developments of metamaterials and metasurfaces for RCS reduction are reviewed, including basic theory, working principle, design formula, and experimental verification. Super-thin cloaks mediated by metasurfaces can cloak objects with minor impacts on the original electromagnetic field distribution. RCS reduction can be achieved by reconfiguring scattering patterns using coding metasurfaces. Novel radar absorbing materials can be devised based on field enhancements of metamaterials. When combined with conventional radar absorbing materials, metamaterials can expand the bandwidth, enlarge the angular range, or reduce the weight. Future tendency and major challenges are also summarized.
Pourquoi le taux de mutation n’est-il jamais égal à zéro ?
Authors: Casane Didier , Policarpo Maxime , Laurenti Patrick
Published: April 2019

Alfred H. Sturtevant fut le premier à s’en étonner : le taux de mutation est faible mais n’atteint jamais zéro. Pourtant, la plupart des mutations qui modifient le phénotype ont un effet délétère, les individus qui produisent le moins de mutants génèrent donc plus de descendants viables et fertiles. La sélection naturelle devrait ainsi progressivement faire tendre le taux de mutation vers zéro au cours des générations. Des analyses récentes suggèrent que ce taux dépend principalement de la taille efficace des génomes et de l’effectif efficace des populations. Le maintien de taux de mutation plus élevés que nécessaire illustrerait les limites de la sélection naturelle dans un monde vivant constitué de populations de taille finie.
Les modèles animaux d’étude de l’autisme
Authors: Bossu Jean-Louis , Roux Sébastien
Published: April 2019

L’autisme est une pathologie neuro-développementale touchant près de 1 enfant sur 100 dans le monde. Par les traumatismes et les conséquences sociales qu’il engendre, il constitue aujourd’hui un véritable enjeu de santé publique. Cliniquement, l’autisme se caractérise principalement par des déficits de communication et d’interactions sociales associés à des comportements répétitifs et des centres d’intérêts restreints. On parle de troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) pour rendre compte de la diversité des symptômes caractérisant cette pathologie. Fondé sur des observations réalisées chez l’homme, un modèle de l’autisme, par une exposition prénatale de rongeurs (rats et souris) au valproate de sodium, a été obtenu et validé. À partir de ce modèle, des mécanismes qui concernent aussi bien le fonctionnement des réseaux neuronaux que les propriétés des neurones permettant de rendre compte de certains TSA, ont été proposés. Ce modèle est également largement utilisé dans les études précliniques qui ont pour but de tester des thérapies potentielles contre les TSA.