bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How and Why the Author’s “Pointing Finger” Is Formed in Dostoevsky’s Works: Dostoevsky’s Radical Theology in the Novel Crime and Punishment
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasatkina Tatiana A.
Published: December 2022

The article is dedicated to the indirect means of expressing the author’s position and the ways for a deep theology to exist inside a literary text. Namely, the process of formation of the author’s “pointing finger” in a text counting on the reader’s individual active work is showed here. The expression “ardently raised pointing finger” belongs to Dostoevsky, and it involves simultaneously 1) the creation of trigger moments intended to engage the reader’s attention (“ardently raised”) and 2) the creation of a string of elements in the text pointing in the direction where the image of the hero gains volume and achieves its ontological core. Going in this direction, the reader’s active though (active, i.e., able to be directed to the transformation of oneself and the world) is vividly formed in the process of grasping the concept. Where only the first part of the author’s strategy worked, and the reader did not notice the string of elements pointing in the direction of a possible path of transfiguration, we get a reader convinced that Dostoevsky is a “brutal talent,” an author tormenting for no reason, that enters places, which entrance should be closed to, and raises questions that do not and should not have an answer – and, on top of that, a “bad stylist.” When both elements of the “ardently raised pointing finger” are activated, we become readers that can see the path of transfiguration before themselves and already progressed slightly on it. The article deals with the first mention of Sonia in the novel Crime and Punishment, when in the little first paragraph of her father’s speech Dostoevsky converges five quotes from the Gospel, thus forming a powerful starting point of the author’s “pointing finger.” If readers do not “grasp” it (at least subconsciously), they will not understand the “intricacies” of the plot, while if “grasping” they will find themselves at the beginning of a luminous path, as clear as day, as straight as an arrow.
“Napoleonic” Petersburg and its Reflection in Dostoevsky’s Novel Crime and Punishment
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Podosokorsky Nikolay N.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to a specific socio-cultural phenomenon, called by the author “Napoleonic” Petersburg, and its reflection in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment (1866). In the late 1830s — 1860s the Napoleonic myth manifested itself in several aspects of the cultural life of the capital of the Russian Empire: the names of public institutions, restaurant menus, apartment decorations, museum rarities, monuments, street shows, theatrical productions, literary works, psychological imitation of Napoleon, etc. The article presents an attempt to reconstruct how the “Napoleonic” Petersburg was formed and looked like during the time when Fyodor Dostoevsky, who dedicated several works to the life of people in Petersburg, fascinated by Napoleon (“Mr. Prokharchin,” White Nights, Notes from the Underground, etc.), lived and worked in it, before the creation of Crime and Punishment. The author’s research focuses on the novel Crime and Punishment and Rodion Raskolnikov, trying to become a new Napoleon and talking about the transformation of St. Petersburg and the greatness of historical figures as “living monuments” on which there is “not a body, but bronze.” It is shown how the realities of St. Petersburg (the Egyptian Bridge, the Alexander Column, the Kazan Cathedral, etc.) relate to the Napoleonic myth and are indirectly reflected in the text of Dostoevsky’s novel.
Involvement of CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL pathways in the development of Chronic Rhinosinusitis by modulating eosinophil function
Authors: Jiao Qingqing , Zhou Aina , Shi Chenxi , Fan Yuhui , Zheng Yushuang , Wang Jue , Liu Zhichen , Xie Huanxia , Liu Jisheng
Published: December 2022

Background: Whether the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) and inducible
co-stimulatory molecule (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOSL) signals are involved
in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) development needs further investigation.
Objectives: To investigate the association of CD40-CD40L and
ICOS-ICOSL expression with CRS and underlying mechanisms.
Methods: Immunohistology detected the expression of CD40,
CD40L, ICOS, and ICOSL. Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the
co-locations of CD40 or ICOSL with eosinophils. Correlations between
CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL as well as clinical parameters were analyzed.
Flow cytometry was used to explore the activation of eosinophils by CD69
expression and the CD40 and ICOSL expression on eosinophils.
Results: Compared with the Non-eCRS subset, ECRS (Eosinophilic
chronic rhinosinusitis) subset showed significantly increased CD40,
ICOS, and ICOSL expression. The CD40, CD40L, ICOS, and ICOSL expressions
were all positively correlated with eosinophil infiltration in nasal
tissues. CD40 and ICOSL were mainly expressed on eosinophils. ICOS
expression was significantly correlated with the expression of
CD40-CD40L, while ICOSL expression was correlated with CD40 expression.
ICOS-ICOSL expression positively correlated with blood eosinophils count
and disease severity. rhCD40L and rhICOS significantly enhanced the
activation of eosinophils from ECRS patients. TNF-α and IL-5 obviously
upregulated CD40 and ICOSL expression on eosinophils, which was
significantly inhibited by the p38 MAPK inhibitor. Conclusions:
Increased CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL expression in nasal polyps are
linked to eosinophils infiltration and disease severity of CRS.
CD40-CD40L and ICOS-ICOSL signals enhance eosinophils activation of
ECRS. TNF-α and IL-5 regulate eosinophils function by increasing CD40
and ICOSL expression partly via p38 MAPK activation in CRS patients.
Preparing for the upcoming 2022/23 influenza season: a modelling study of the susceptible population in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom
Authors: Boudewijns Bronke , Paget W. John , Riccio Marco Del , Coudeville Laurent , Crepey Pascal
Published: December 2022

We analysed the influenza epidemic that occurred in Australia during the
2022 winter using an age-structured dynamic transmission model which
accounts for past epidemics to estimate the population susceptibility to
an influenza infection. We applied the same model to five European
countries. Our analysis suggests Europe might experience an early and
moderately large influenza epidemic. Also, differences may arise between
countries, with Germany and Spain experiencing larger epidemics, than
France, Italy and the UK, especially in children.
Organellar DNA continues to provide a rich source of information in the genomics era
Authors: Blair Christopher
Published: December 2022

The genomics revolution continues to change how ecologists and
evolutionary biologists study the evolution and maintenance of
biodiversity. It is now easier than ever to generate large molecular
data sets consisting of hundreds to thousands of independently evolving
nuclear loci to estimate a suite of evolutionary and demographic
parameters. However, any inferences will be incomplete or inaccurate if
incorrect taxonomic identities and perpetuated throughout the analytical
pipeline. Due to decades of research and comprehensive online databases,
sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and
select nuclear genes can provide researchers with a cost effective and
simple means to verify the species identity of samples prior to
subsequent phylogeographic and population genomic analysis. The addition
of these sequences to genomic studies can also shed light on other
important evolutionary questions such as explanations for gene
tree-species tree discordance, species limits, sex-biased dispersal
patterns, and mtDNA introgression. Although the mtDNA and cpDNA genomes
often should not be used exclusively to make historical inferences given
their well-known limitations, the addition of these data to modern
genomic studies adds little cost and effort while simultaneously
providing a wealth of useful data that can have significant implications
for both basic and applied research.
Potential pacemaker implantation in an intra-atrial conduction block mimicking a complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Honda Masaki , Makihara Yu , OBUNAI KOTARO , WATANABE HIROYUKI
Published: December 2022

Intra-atrial conduction dissociations resulting from incisions made
during mitral valve surgery or maze procedures reportedly cause
pseudo-atrioventricular blocks, in which atrioventricular node function
is preserved despite the electrocardiogram indicating an
atrioventricular block. We evaluated a 55-year-old man with a
pseudo-atrioventricular block for potential pacemaker implantation. The
stroke volume was higher without pacing than with simulated pacing
mimicking an implanted pacemaker. Additionally, escape beat
responsiveness was maintained during an exercise stress test. Based on
these results and the absence of symptoms, we decided not to implant a
pacemaker in the patient.
Influence of Combined Electrothermal Aging on Dielectric and Thermal Properties of HVAC XLPE Cable
Authors: Xu ZhiHui , Yang Ming , Peng HuaQing , Zhao Yifeng , Liu Gang
Published: December 2022

To explore the influence of electrothermal aging on the properties of
HVAC XLPE cable during its actual operation, two circuits of 110 kV XLPE
cable were subjected to a combined electrothermal accelerated aging test
for 180 days. The test voltage was set at 95 kV and the test temperature
was set at 90 ℃. One circuit of cable adopted constant temperature aging
mode and the other circuit adopted periodic thermal cycle aging mode.
The dielectric property of the cable is diagnosed by dielectric
spectroscopy measurement, and the thermal property is diagnosed by
thermal parameters measurement. Combined with Fourier infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
measurements, morphological changes of the insulation under different
electrothermal aging modes are analyzed to construct the correlation
with the dielectric and thermal properties. The results show that
short-term electrothermal constant temperature aging mode effectively
enhances the dielectric and thermal properties of the cable by modifying
spherulites’ morphology and migrating small polar compounds; short-term
electrothermal cycle aging mode also enhances the thermal properties of
the cable due to the drop in small polar compounds. However, different
distributions of small polar compounds and crystal interfaces in the
insulation lead to extreme distortion in electric field distribution.
Multivariate and Univariate Prediction of Stock Prices using an Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit with a Time Lag Proportional to the Wavelet Approximation Coefficient
Authors: Mamba Luyandza , Ngunyi Antony , Nderu Lawrence
Published: December 2022

The advancement of precise prediction models is still very helpful
across a wide range of fields. Deep learning models have demonstrated
strong performance and great accuracy in stock price prediction.
However, the vanishing gradient problem, which some activation functions
have exacerbated, has a significant impact on these models. In order to
combat poor convergence, disappearing gradients, and significant error
metrics, this study suggests using the Optimized Gated Recurrent Unit
(OGRU) model with a scaled mean Approximation Coefficient (AC) time lag.
This study employed the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), Hyperbolic Tangent
(Tanh), Sigmoid and Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) activation functions.
Real-life datasets were used including the daily Apple and 5-minute
Netflix closing stock prices, decomposed using the Stationary Wavelet
Transform (SWT). The decomposed series formed a multivariate model which
was compared to a univariate model with similar hyperparameters and
different default lags. The Apple daily dataset performed well with a
Default_1 lag, using a univariate model and the ReLU, attaining
0.01312, 0.00854 and 3.67 minutes for RMSE, MAE and runtime. The Netflix
data performed best with the MeanAC_42 lag, using a multivariate model
and the ELU achieving 0.00620, 0.00487 and 3.01 minutes for the same
metrics. The study concluded that the OGRU is made resilient to the
vanishing gradient problem by avoiding the Sigmoid activation function
and applying the proposed lag on high frequency data with the ELU
activation function using decomposed data.
Indices of Pacific Walker Circulation strength: trends, correlations and uncertainty
Authors: Kosovelj Katarina , Zaplotnik Žiga , Žagar Nedjeljka
Published: December 2022

The strength of Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) significantly affects
the global weather patterns, the distribution of mean precipitation, and
modulates the rate of global warming. Different indices have been used
to assess the PWC strength. Evaluated on different datasets for various
study periods, the indices show large discrepancies between the reported
trends. In this study, we performed sensitivity analysis of 10 PWC
indices and compared them over the 1951-2020 period using the ERA5
reanalyses.The time series of normalised indices generally agree on the annual-mean
PWC strength. The highest correlations (exceeding r=0.9) are between the
indices that describe closely linked physical processes.The trends of PWC strength are strongly affected by the choice of
representative time period. For the commonly used 1981-2010 period, the
trends show strengthening of the PWC. However, trends computed for
longer period (i.e. 1951-2020) are mostly neutral, whereas the past two
decades (2000-2020) display weakening of the PWC, although it is
statistically not significant. The temporal evolution of trends suggests
multidecadal variability of PWC strength with a period of about 35
years, implying a continued weakening of the PWC in the next decade.
Trends and Spatio-Temporal Variability of Summer Mean and Extreme Precipitation Events across South Korea for 1973-2022
Authors: Kim Hye-Ryeom , moon Mincheol , Yun Junghee , Ha Kyung-Ja , Nguyen Hanh , Ho Chang-Hoi , Park Doo-Sun , Choi Minha , Otkin Jason , Nam Won-Ho , Kripalani Ramesh , Cho Kyung Hwa , Cooke Richard
Published: December 2022

Climate change has altered the frequency, intensity, and timing of mean
and extreme precipitation events. Extreme precipitation has caused
tremendous socio-economic losses and displays strong regional
variability. Although many previous studies have addressed daily extreme
precipitation, hourly extreme rainfall still needs to be thoroughly
investigated. In this study, we investigated the trends, spatio-temporal
variability, and long-term variations in mean and extreme precipitation
over South Korea using daily and hourly observational data. During the
past 50 years (1973–2022), there has been a notable escalation in
maximum hourly precipitation, although the boreal summer mean
precipitation has increased only marginally. Regionally, an increase in
mean and extreme rainfall occurred in the northern part of the central
region. Moreover, increased intensity and frequency of extreme
precipitation have contributed more to the total summer precipitation in
recent years. Our findings provide scientific insights into the
progression of extreme summer precipitation events in South Korea.
Quantifying the impact of the surface roughness of ice crystals on the backscattering properties for lidar-based remote sensing applications
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Bi Lei , Reichardt Jens , Diedenhoven Bastiaan Van , Sato Kaori , Wang Zhien
Published: December 2022

Impacts of small-scale surface irregularities, or surface roughness, of
atmospheric ice crystals on lidar backscattering properties are
quantified. Geometric ice crystal models with various degrees of surface
roughness and state-of-the-science light-scattering computational
capabilities are used to simulate single-scattering properties across
the entire practical size parameter range. The simulated bulk lidar and
depolarization ratios of polydisperse ice crystals at 532 nm are
strongly sensitive to the degree of surface roughness. Comparisons of
these quantities between the theoretical simulations and counterparts
inferred from spaceborne lidar observations for cold cirrus clouds
suggest a typical surface roughness range of 0.03–0.15, which is most
consistent with direct measurements of scanning electron microscopic
images. The degree of surface roughness needs to be accounted for to
properly interpret lidar backscattering observations of ice clouds.
System Dynamics Simulation and Scenario Optimization of China's Water Footprint under Different SSP-RCP Scenarios
Authors: Jiang Qiuxiang , Ouyang Xingtao , Wang Zilong , Fu Qiang , Wu Yunxing , Guo Weipeng
Published: December 2022

Under the dual influence of socioeconomic development and climate
change, water resources in China are under increasing stress. It is of
great significance to comprehensively explore the changing trend of
China’s water footprint (WF) in the future, clarify the water resource
challenges that China will face, and alleviate water shortage and water
pollution problems. This paper uses System Dynamics (SD) to build a
simulation model of China’s WF, calculate China’s WF from 2000 to 2019,
and for the first time, simulate and optimize China’s WF from 2020 to
2050 under the SSP-RCP scenario matrix composed of Shared Socioeconomic
Pathways (SSPs) and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The
results are as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2019, China’s WF increased to
2009 and began to decline. The main contributors are gray WF and
agricultural WF. (2) From 2020–2050, different socioeconomic
development and climate change conditions under the five SSP-RCP
scenarios will lead to different trends in China’s WF and its
composition. (3) Based on the changes in WF and water resources
supply/demand ratio under different scenarios, the SSP1-2.6 scenario is
the best scenario to mitigate a future water shortage and water
pollution in China. The research results can help decision-makers
formulate relevant management policies and socioeconomic development
models for water resource utilization and provide decision support for
alleviating water shortages and water pollution in China.
Meridional Heat Transport in the DeepMIP Eocene ensemble: non-CO2 and CO2 effects
Authors: Kelemen Fanni Dora , Steinig Sebastian , Boer Agatha Margaretha De , Zhu Jiang , Chan Wing-Le , Niezgodzki Igor , Hutchinson David , Knorr Gregor , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Ahrens Bodo
Published: December 2022

The total meridional heat transport (MHT) is relatively stable across
different climates. Nevertheless, the strength of individual processes
contributing to the total transport are not stable. Here we investigate
the MHT and its main components especially in the atmosphere, in five
coupled climate model simulations from the Deep-Time Model
Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP). These simulations target the Early
Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), a geological time period with high CO2
concentrations, analogous to the upper range of end-of-century CO2
projections. Preindustrial and early Eocene simulations at a range of
CO2 levels (1x, 3x and 6x preindustrial values) are used to quantify the
MHT changes in response to both CO2 and non-CO2 related forcings. We
found that atmospheric poleward heat transport increases with CO2, while
the effect of non-CO2 boundary conditions (e.g., paleogeography, land
ice, vegetation) is causing more poleward atmospheric heat transport on
the Northern and less on the Southern Hemisphere. The changes in
paleogeography increase the heat transport via transient eddies at the
mid-latitudes in the Eocene. The Hadley cells have an asymmetric
response to both the CO2 and non-CO2 constraints. The poleward latent
heat transport of monsoon systems increases with rising CO2
concentrations, but this effect is offset by the Eocene topography. Our
results show that the changes in the monsoon systems’ latent heat
transport is a robust feature of CO2 warming, which is in line with the
currently observed precipitation increase of present day monsoon
systems.
Statistical and clustering analysis of microseismicity from a Saskatchewan potash mine
Authors: Sedghizadeh Mohammadamin , Berghe Matthew van den , Shcherbakov Robert , Martinez-Garzon Patricia , Nanjo Kazuyoshi , Baro Jordi
Published: December 2022

Typical mining operations can induce microseismicity and in some cases
can result in the occurrence of moderate to large events, which is an
expected but not always fully understood phenomenon. To assess the
safety and efficiency of mining operations, operators must
quantitatively discern between normal and abnormal seismic activity. In
this work, statistical aspects and clustering of induced microseismicity
from a potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada, are analyzed and quantified.
Specifically, the frequency-magnitude statistics display a rich behavior
that deviates from the standard Gutenberg-Richter scaling for small
magnitudes. To model the magnitude distribution, we consider two
additional models, i.e. the tapered Pareto distribution and a mixture of
the tapered Pareto and Pareto distributions to fit the bi-modal catalog
data. We also observe deviations from the Poisson statistics on
short-time scales that are primarily driven by mining operations. To
study the clustering aspects of the observed microseismicity, the
nearest-neighbor distance (NND) method is applied. This allowed us to
identify characteristics of the clusters of micro-events and to analyze
their structure in space, time and magnitude domains. The implemented
modeling approaches and obtained results can be used to further advance
strategies and protocols for the safe and efficient operation of potash
mines.
A simulation study for future geodetic satellites tracked by satellite laser ranging
Authors: Najder Joanna Marta , Sośnica Krzysztof Jakub , Strugarek Dariusz , Zajdel Radosław , Thaller Daniela , Otsubo Toshimichi , Hugentobler Urs , Steigenberger Peter , Zelensky Nikita
Published: December 2022

Satellite laser ranging (SLR) measurements play a key role in
determining global geodetic parameters, such as station coordinates,
geocenter motion, low-degree Earth’s gravity field parameters, and Earth
rotation parameters. Currently, the observations to the two LAser
GEOdynamics Satellites (LAGEOS) and two Etalon satellites provide
operational standard products and contribute to the realization of the
scale and the origin of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame
(ITRF). Nowadays under consideration is an extension of the ITRF
realizations by including LAser RElativity Satellite (LARES). In July
2022, the LARES-2 satellite was launched with the main purpose to verify
fundamental physics, especially the Lense-Thirring effect emerging from
General Relativity. We simulate orbits and observations for the LARES-2
satellite, as well as the LARES-like satellites, which complement the
current constellation of LAGEOS-1/-2 and LARES-1/-2 using the butterfly
configuration. We assess the impact of the observations to satellites
with different orbital parameters on the determination of global
geodetic parameters. We show that placing a satellite in a retrograde
orbit – orbiting against the Earth’s rotation at a high altitude of
5600 km, can substantially improve the quality of the global geodetic
parameters. The LAGEOS-1/-2 + LARES-1/-2/-4 solution achieves the 3D
mean error at the level of 1.62 mm for the station coordinates, and mean
errors of 0.7, 0.7, and 1.3 mm for the X, Y, and Z geocenter components,
respectively, bringing us closer to fulfilling the requirements
established by the Global Geodetic Observations System (GGOS) of 1 mm
accuracy for the reference frame stability.
Landscaping of Montenegrin resorts: Adriatic coast and the Bay of Kotor
Authors: Hryniewicz Małgorzata , Dmytrenko Andrii , Kashchenko Oleksandr , Tretiak Yuliia , Krupa Michał , Yablonska Hanna , Yaremchuk Olena
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the features of landscape design of two different subzones of Montenegro – the northern part of the Adriatic coast and the Bay of Kotor. The aim of the article is to identify the main natural and urban planning factors that determine the nature of greening in the resort towns of the North Coastal region of Montenegro, characteristic techniques of greening and basic approaches to landscape design of the territory of recreational facilities. The methods of geospatial analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis were used. As a result of the study, the determining role of relief in the predominance of certain methods of greening of resort towns was proven.Comparison of greening techniques of the resort towns of Herceg Novi and Budva showed greater compliance with the local flora of grrening in Herceg Novi and greater exotic landscaping of the tourist area of the Adriatic coast – so called Budva Riviera. Seven characteristic methods of landscape design in the resort towns of the North Coastal region of Montenegro have been identified. Two main approaches to the landscape design of the territory of recreational facilities have been identified: "closed", when a closed environment of a recreational facility is created according to the "city within a city" principle with extensive use of stylization techniques and exotic plants, and "open", when views on the attractive natural landscapes or on historical buildings, and landscaping mainly uses local plant species.
Urban nightscapes and lighting master plans. Case study of Liepāja.
Authors: Jurševska Rēzija Sabīne , Vugule Kristīne
Published: December 2022

Development of modern technologies and urbanisation enable cities to provide a broad range of services even at night, which means that the nightscape is becoming more used. The goal of the study is to develop recommendations for planning the night-time outdoor space and its elements in an urban environment, with a view to improve the functional and aesthetic quality of the city, and to reduce light pollution. To achieve this goal, the authors studied theoretical materials, analysed the experience of three cities in developing lighting plans, conducted field research and made photographic records to assess various areas, compiling and creating a visual representation of the results. The city-level focus in solving night-time cityscape problems is on the drafting of lighting master plans. Using such plans, one can spur tourism and economic growth, and improve the quality of life among the locals. On the level of the city, elements such as edges, neighbourhoods, roads, landmarks, viewpoints and nodes play an important role at night. One has to identify these elements and highlight them based on the recommendations developed. The proposed development of a Liepāja city lighting plan would strengthen the city’s identity, improve the safety of the night-time use of outdoor spaces, facilitate navigation, and create aesthetically pleasing views. Furthermore, this is an opportunity to reduce light pollution and transition to sustainable solutions through the use of various smart technologies associated with lighting.
Objects-memes in the architectural organization of attractive urban public spaces
Authors: Holovatiuk Alina , Leshchenko Nellya
Published: December 2022

A methodology is proposed for the architectural organization of new and activation of existing abandoned, degrading urban spaces and their transformation into attractive public spaces through the introduction of new architectural objects-memes into them, which will bring new emotional and functional content to these places. The notions of a meme in architecture and object-meme are introduced and scientifically substantiated. The last one is proposed as a tool for activating and increasing the attractiveness of existing and new various urban public spaces and, in particular, city parks and squares. The questions that object-meme must solve for this are generalized and systematized. Based on an international sociological video experiment on the perception of different people in different urban public spaces, the characteristics of the last ones, which evoke positive emotions in most people in them, were analyzed and summarized. Recommendations are systematized on the architectural and functional organization of such spaces, in particular city squares and parks, and the placement of objects-memes in them. Approbation of the put forward theoretical provisions is presented in the conceptual projects for the creation of a new city square in the historical part of Kyiv and the revitalization of the existing degrading park in the Gran-San-Blas area in Madrid.
A Corpus-Based Study on the Use of Glossing in Saudi Technology Blogs
Authors: M. Arrabai Ali
Published: December 2022

This paper investigates the use of glossing in Saudi tech blogs. It contributes to the ongoing discussions on terminology standardization in the Arab world as well as sheds light on translation practices in technology-related fields. More specifically, it seeks to address the interrelationship between current standardization efforts and the use of glossing in Saudi Arabia. In doing so, the paper hopes to answer one main question: How does standardization of technical terminology affects the use of glossing in Saudi technology blogs? A large corpus of 203 texts (mainly reviews of computer-related products) was compiled using two corpus tools (i.e., Wordsmith and Sketch Engine). The texts were divided into two sets, based on the writing style and type of the platform. Then, the electronically retrieved term frequency lists were checked against the Saudi Terminology Data Bank (BASM), a four-language database of standardized technological terms, to determine whether native Arabic equivalents for the glossed terms existed. Three significant trends were identified: 1) bloggers, across the two sets, rarely gloss terms with firmly established Arabic equivalents, 2) informal bloggers used more glossing for terms with standardized—but not commonly used—Arabic forms or opted for non-standardized terms, and 3) glossing yielded high frequencies, across the two sets, for abbreviations exceeding two letters, plus a marked variation in Arabic term use. The marked differences between the two groups were attributed to a variety of factors, including a lagging standardization effort by official bodies.
Project Based Learning (PjBL) Model Integration of Sasak Ethnic Nenun Local Wisdom in Sociology Subjects
Authors: Noviana Mila , Komariah Siti
Published: December 2022

The PjBL model with the unification of Sasak ethnic nenun local wisdom in Sociology subjects with the nenun topic and social deviation at least gives students a new nuance in learning Sociology so that students are more motivated and have high enthusiasm in learning. The purpose of this study was to integrate the PjBL model with the Sasak ethnic nenun local wisdom in the subject of Sociology. This study used a literature review method, by trying to develop a PjBL learning model that is reviewed from various relevant references. The results of the research was the PjBL model of integrating Sasak ethnic nenun local wisdom in Sociology subjects which can be the basis for educational practice to realize independence, entrepreneurship, responsibility, perseverance, and thoroughness. With the application of local wisdom, it is also able to cultivate the spirit of student learning enthusiasm and students know their own wisdom which is full of good values, empowerment, especially in social and economic aspects, leadership, simplicity, social interaction, hard work, life advice. Added by combining the social media such as Instagram and Tiktok, these are very familiar to students so that it will also affect the Sociology learning process.
Asean Comprehensive Security in Managing Covid-19 Pandemic In Myanmar
Authors: Pradityo Rahmadanu
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has globally affected all people™s life aspects in every country in the world, including the Southeast Asian region. Not all countries can have stable domestic capabilities and conditions to face COVID-19 as happened in Myanmar. Their domestic situation has been negatively impacted by conflicts between the community and the government. The people of Myanmar are exacerbated by the coup by the Myanmar military against the legitimate government. This has caused the political and security situation in Myanmar to become chaotic because Myanmar people who oppose the military junta stage demonstrations that triggered the military junta to be repressive by arresting the protesters including health workers, teachers, and others. This results in less optimal handling of the COVID-19 pandemic and causes the spread of COVID-19 is getting worse and out of control. Therefore, ASEAN which is a regional organization in South East Asia has decided to take strategic steps to make the spread of the virus remain under control in the region, especially Myanmar. This article describes ASEAN's approach to Myanmar in tackling COVID-19 and providing humanitarian assistance to the Myanmar people who are struggling during an unstable situation. This research uses a comprehensive security concept framework with a qualitative approach. The data are collected using literature studies consisting of books, journal articles, official ASEAN and government websites, and online news sites. The results show that ASEAN has taken an approach with its typical characteristics to cope with COVID-19 amid pressure and criticism from state and non-state actors toward Myanmar.
Analysing Gautham Vasudev Menon as an Auteur
Authors:   Post Graduate Student, Department of Visual Communication, School of Media Studies, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, M Sharan
Published: December 2022

This study examines the commonality and identity in a few chosen films in order to demonstrate the limitations of “Auteur Theory.” The research presents the director’s personality in a distinctive way. The “Auteur Theory” is a French film theory that examines the character, skill, and inner meaning in movies that deal with the concept of Auteur notes. The director should emphasise on their unique aesthetic, point of view, methods, creativity, personality, and originality when crafting a film because these elements add fascination. According to the “Auteur Theory,” a director and a writer are on an equal footing because they both have unique artistic styles. The study paper examines the personal style of filmmaker Gautham Vasudev Menon in Cop trilogy films.
Relation between School Effectiveness and Trust in the Instructor Based on the Candidate Teachers’ Views
Authors: Kale Mustafa
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is determining the relation between school effectiveness and trust in instructors on the basis of the opinions of the bachelor level students studying at Gazi University, Gazi Faculty of Education. The research has been conducted using the correlational survey model. The current situation has been detected and described on the basis of the candidate teachers’ opinions. The universe of the research consists of the students of Gazi University, Faculty of Education. Firstly 8 departments were determined using the cluster sampling method while selecting samples from this universe. 350 students were included in the sample using the element sampling method among the students of 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades studying in those departments selected. The Perceived School Effectiveness Index (PSEI) adapted to Turkish by Yıldırım (2015) from School Effectiveness Index (SE-Index) originally developed by Hoy (2004) and the scale of “Trust in Instructor” adapted to Turkish by Kale (2013) from “Student Trust in Faculty (STP-Scale)” scale developed by Forsyth et al. (2011) were used for collecting data in the research receiving permission from the researchers. According to the findings obtained in the research, the school effectiveness perception of the departments of Arabic Language Teaching, Social Sciences Teaching, English Language Teaching and Pre-School Teaching are “lower than the mean”, and the perception of the departments of German Language Teaching, Guidance and Psychological Consultancy, Turkish Language and Literature Teaching and Elementary School Teaching are “higher than the mean”. The level of trust in the instructors has been found to be at “Mean” level for all departments. Considering these results, one may say that both the school effectiveness and the trust in the instructor are at mean level. Meaningful difference was found between the perception of the departments on school effectiveness among the departments of Elementary School Teaching and English Language Teaching and Arabic Language Teaching. It is observed that there is meaningful difference between the departments of Elementary School Teaching and Pre-School Teaching in terms of trust in the instructors. Again according to the research results, there is mean, positive and meaningful relation between school effectiveness and trust in the instructor. It has been suggested that trust in the instructor is a meaningful predictor of school effectiveness. Certain shared findings were reached in the quantitative researches examined such as the finding that managerial, organizational and personal variables are correlated with school effectiveness.
Thermal De-Oxygenation to Form Condensable Aerosol From Reconstituted Tobacco without Auto-Ignition
Authors: Guo Zhongya , Wang Shiyu , Zhang Ke , Lei Ping , Fu Lili , Zhang Qi , Shang Shanzhai , Wang Shuang , Wang Le , Zhang Mingjian , Gong Weimin , Han Jingmei , Li Zhiqiang , Pan Yonghua , Huang Feng , Liu Chuan , Tang Jianguo , Wang Bing , Li Bin
Published: December 2022

A novel concept is described here that utilizes externally applied heat to a solid rod of reconstituted tobacco biomass to form a stream of aerosol under progressively oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The boundary of auto-ignition was determined at oxygen concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 21% and then the effects of these different atmospheres on various parameters were studied. Experimental results indicated that the ignition temperature decreased with the increase of oxygen concentration and a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) for atmosphere with oxygen was observed at before but close to ignition temperature. Significant differences in the yields of CO and CO2 between oxygen and oxygen-free atmosphere were observed. The mass of aerosol produced under an inert atmosphere and reduced-oxygen atmosphere were characterized with selected volatile and semi-volatile components, phenols, aldehydes, and other organic compounds of interests. In addition, higher oxygen concentration resulted in higher bulk and surface oxygen content of solid-phase residue, the reduction of carbon and hydrogen element content and related functional groups, and the content of inorganic compounds also exhibited an increase with oxygen concentration. By systematically changing oxygen concentrations of the biomass bed with increasing temperatures, an aerosol stream of controlled chemical composition and yields could be formed without leading to ignition. Key chemical markers of inhalation harm were measured and compared to each other under different degrees close to combustion. Studying reconstituted tobacco or other biomass materials in such a way could provide alternative and useful information in the design heated biomass aerosol generators.
A Comprehensive Study of Biodegradation of Cigarette Filters and Bidi Butts
Authors: Parida Sudesna , Prabhu Santhosh , Dinesh Tarur Konikkaledom , Tyagi Kamal Kumar
Published: December 2022

Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) by living microbial organisms. With the advancement in analytical techniques, standard methods have been developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), eliminating the ambiguity associated with biodegradation testing for several materials. There is no data available on biodegradation of cigarette filters that follows a standardized and validated ISO method.

The objective of this study is to understand the biodegradation of conventional and non-conventional cellulose acetate (CA) Cigarette Filters, Infused Paper Filter (IP), and Combined Material Filter (CMF), Condensed Tobacco End Filter (CTEC) and bidi butts. In this study, cigarettes and bidis were smoked on a smoking machine following the standard ISO 3308 for cigarettes and the standard ISO 17175 for bidis. After smoking, cigarette filters and bidi butts were subjected to biodegradation testing, adopting the standard ISO 14855-1.

The study demonstrated 92.1% biodegradation in 151 days for cellulose acetate cigarette filters, 91.9% biodegradation in 97 days for DE-TowTM (Cellulose acetate with additives) filters, 96.2% biodegradation in 86 days for CMF, 93.4% biodegradation in 55 days for paper filters, 92.1% biodegradation in 54 days for bidi butts, and 95.3% biodegradation in 37 days for CTEC filters were recorded. This study provided an unbiased proof that the cigarette filters made of cellulose acetate are biodegradable as per the standard ISO 14855-1. Also, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis was carried out on the smoked cigarette filters of Cellulose acetate, DE-TowTM and CMF as well as their resulting compost to detect any cellulose acetate remaining in the final compost. The GPC analysis indicated cellulose acetate peaks in smoked cigarette filters of cellulose acetate, DE-TowTM and CMF samples, whereas no cellulose acetate peak was observed in resulting compost samples. Hence it is concluded that cellulose acetate is not present in any of the resulting composts of cellulose acetate filters, DE-TowTM filters and CMF samples.

It is inferred from the results that cigarette filters and bidi butts chosen for the study have achieved the criteria of more than 90% biodegradation, which is well within the specified criteria of 180 days.

This article will be beneficial for entire scientific community, regulators as well as manufacturers in understanding the biodegradability of cigarette filters.
Corona virus disease 2019-associated liver injury in cold regions
Authors: Tang Shima , Zhang Fen , Liu Qiuhong , Li Lanjuan
Published: December 2022

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global health and economic crisis. Our studies uncovered that in addition to respiratory symptoms, liver damage is also common in COVID-19 patients; however, the cause of liver damage has not been fully elucidated. In this article, we summarize the clinical manifestations and pathological features of COVID-19 reported in published relevant studies and delineate the etiology and pathogenesis of COVID-19-related liver injury. We speculate that cold stimulation may be associated with COVID-19-related liver injury, which should be considered in clinical decision-making and treatment of COVID-19 in cold regions.
Bronchial inflammatory profile in interferon-gamma-mediated immune response in asthma patients during airway response to cold stimulus
Authors: Perelman Juliy M. , Pirogov Aleksey B. , Prikhodko Anna G. , Kolosov Victor P.
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate the inflammatory pattern and the interferon (IFN)-γ in the bronchial secretion of asthma patients in response to acute cold bronchoprovocation.

Material and methods

We enrolled 42 patients with asthma. We assessed asthma by Asthma Control Test, the lung function by spirometry before and after the bronchodilator test, followed by collecting induced sputum. The next day, we collected exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and conducted a 3-minute isocapnic hyperventilation with cold air (IHCA), followed by collecting spontaneously produced sputum.

Results

Group 1 included 20 patients with cold airway hyperresponsiveness (CAHR), and group 2 included 22 patients without CAHR. In both groups, a high level of neutrophils in bronchial secretion was observed before and after IHCA. In response to IHCA, the number of epitheliocytes in the sputum decreased to a greater extent in patients of group 1. The baseline epitheliocytes and the concentration of IFN-γ after IHCA had an inverse relationship (r = −0.60; P = 0.017). The baseline IFN-γ in EBC before and after IHCA was lower in group 1. Airway response to cold exposure directly correlated with IFN-γ levels after IHCA (Rs = 0.42; P = 0.014).

Conclusion

In asthma patients with CAHR, there is a relationship between the persistence of mixed inflammation and the level of IFN-γ in the bronchi. IFN-γ in response to IHCA is decreased with increased cytokine utilization during cold bronchospasm, which is accompanied by the mobilization of neutrophils and the shift in the cytokine spectrum of the respiratory tract towards the T helper cells (Th) 1 immune response.
Electrocardiogram abnormalities and higher body mass index as clinically applicable factors for predicting poor outcome in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Sun Zhidan , Hou Yan , Zhang Zheng , Cai Benzhi , Li Jinliang
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have high resource utilization. Identifying the causes of severe COVID-19 is helpful for early intervention to reduce the consumption of medical resources.

Methods

We included 103 patients with COVID-19 in this single-center observational study. To evaluate the incidence, predictors, and effects of COVID-19, we analyzed demographic information, laboratory results, comorbidities, and vital signs as factors for association with severe COVID-19.

Results

The incidence of severe COVID-19 was 16.5% and the percent poor outcome (including mortality, entering in ICU or transferred to a superior hospital) was 6.8%. The majority of severe COVID-19 patients had abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) (82.35%), hypertension (76.47%) and other cardiac diseases (58.82%). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of severe illness. Abnormal body mass index (BMI) and ECG (P < 0.05) were independent predictors of severe COVID-19. ECG abnormality was associated with increased odds of poor outcome (area under the receiver operating characteristic curves [AUC], 0.793; P = 0.010) and severe COVID-19 (AUC, 0.807; P < 0.0001). Overweight was also associated with increased odds of poor outcome (AUC, 0.728; P = 0.045) and severe illness COVID-19 (AUC, 0.816; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Overweight and electrophysiological disorders on admission are important predictors of prognosis of patients with COVID-19.
Relational components in the use of digital devices and apps: Mapping media appropriation processes among older adults in Sweden
Authors: Martínez Carolina
Published: December 2022

Since access to and use of digital devices and applications often become more challenging with age, it is important to study how media appropriation processes unfold later in life. The present article contributes to existing research by applying the concept of transaction – developed within relational sociology – to study digital media appropriation. Using this concept, I focus on how older adults’ relations with various actors (known others, distant others, and non-human transactors) fuel the appropriation of digital devices and apps. Drawing on interviews with 22 older adults (70–94 years of age), I identify four types of appropriation processes. This shows the diversity of ways in which digital devices and apps enter the lives of older adults and the diversity of agentic roles in media appropriation. The results also reveal how a sense of coercion in media appropriation was present among the older adults, especially in relation to their children.