bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparer la dimension spatiale des luttes urbaines. Analyse critique des mobilisations contre la gentrification à San Francisco (États-Unis) et contre la prédation immobilière à Valparaíso (Chili)
Authors: Opillard Florian
Published: April 2018

Cette contribution propose d’expliciter les conditions théoriques et pratiques qui rendent possible la comparaison des luttes urbaines dans des contextes géographiques distincts, dans le cas présent les villes de San Francisco et de Valparaíso. Ces luttes urbaines sont caractérisées par des objets et des formes d’actions collectives distincts. Elles sont analysées à partir des outils de la géographie sociale, aidée de la sociologie pour en distinguer les spatialités. Ainsi, une première étape d’explicitation de la comparaison situe ses conditions de possibilité dans les formes de réflexivité et d’engagement du chercheur sur ses terrains de recherche. Cette comparaison interroge dans un second temps la construction des objets des luttes, en lien avec l’analyse des contextes plus larges qui leur font prendre forme. Elle met en avant la constance des luttes contre la dépossession au fondement des mobilisations urbaines. Enfin, les contextes propres à ces actions collectives sont approfondis à partir de la comparaison des controverses spatiales locales, qui constituent un outil pertinent d’analyse du positionnement des acteurs en lien avec la dimension spatiale des objets contestés. Ces controverses apparaissent enfin comme le moment privilégié de l’observation des processus de territorialisation liés aux mobilisations des habitant.e.s.
Late Prehistoric Aggregation Patterns in Jordan’s Eastern Badia
Authors: Rollefson Gary O.
Published: April 2018

Depuis plus de trente ans, la recherche archéologique s’est intéressée à l’étude de la fin de la période préhistorique et à la protohistoire de la région du Désert Noir de basalte jordanien. Les travaux récents effectués ces cinq dernières années ont permis d’éclaircir de nombreux aspects des modalités d’exploitation de ce territoire et de ses ressources au cours du Néolithique récent, du Chalcolithique et de l’âge du Bronze ancien. Plusieurs secteurs du Désert Noir de basalte témoignent de visites répétées au cours du temps, très vraisemblablement sur la base d’une occupation saisonnière au cours de l’hiver ou au début du printemps, quand les ressources en eau sont disponibles. Deux secteurs — celui des reliefs tabulaires de mesas situés à 60 km à l’est d’Azraq et celui de Wissad localisé à 60 km plus à l’est — montrent des schémas de concentration de l’occupation bien différenciés, peut-être en partie liés à des variations dans le régime de précipitations entre 6500 et 2500 av. J.-C. Le secteur des dépressions naturelles de Wissad, en particulier, semble avoir été beaucoup plus fréquemment visité, même au cours des périodes historiques, et la distribution des groupes de tumuli suggère une dimension économique et rituelle du site plus importante.
Le lion, la chèvre et le poisson
Authors: Thalmann Jean-Paul
Published: April 2018

La jarre à empreintes de sceaux-cylindres de Tell Arqa est l’un des rarissimes exemples complets de ce type d’objet ; elle provient d’un contexte domestique et est datée vers 2700/2650 Cal bc. Des fragments de jarres à empreintes de cylindres sont largement connus ailleurs au IIIe millénaire notamment en Palestine et en Syrie Centrale : ils sont généralement interprétés dans le cadre de systèmes « administratifs » de gestion des denrées agricoles. Les pratiques sigillaires sur céramique (décoration, marquage) sont redéfinies d’après la jarre d’Arqa et l’examen des différents cas montre une variété de situations régionales et chronologiques qui ne saurait se réduire à une interprétation unique. Les jarres du Levant Central (Palestine et côte libanaise), majoritairement décorées, sont ici réinterprétées comme des objets de prestige fabriqués pour des occasions particulières (mariage). Pour les « jarres »/récipients culinaires de Syrie Centrale, exclusivement marqués, l’interprétation symbolique/rituelle de S. Graff (2012) paraît la plus vraisemblable. Dans les deux cas, il n’existe aucun rapport avec un quelconque système « administratif ».
Les bâtiments allongés à antes en Syrie aux âges du Bronze récent et du Fer : réflexions et hypothèses
Authors: Al Mhdi Al Tounsi Oula
Published: April 2018

Dans la Syrie des âges du Bronze récent et du Fer, les bâtiments allongés à antes ont généralement été interprétés comme des temples. Cependant, les caractéristiques architecturales de ces édifices pourraient témoigner de leur caractère civil plus que religieux et évoquer de possibles rassemblements en leur sein, avec des réunions sous l’égide d’un primus inter pares. D’autre part, l’étude des textes anciens a permis d’établir que, dans cette région, la structure politique des sociétés de l’époque engageait plusieurs institutions collégiales, qui se réunissaient pour traiter de diverses questions. Nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure ce système politique fondé sur différentes assemblées peut être mis en relation avec l’existence d’un modèle architectural propice à ces réunions, une autre possibilité étant que les temples à antes aient eu plusieurs fonctions, de sorte que les assemblés populaires auraient pu s’y réunir.
Crowning the Emperor an unorthodox image of Claudius, Agrippa I and Herod of Chalkis
Authors: Kropp Andreas J. M.
Published: April 2018

L’article porte sur des monnaies de deux rois hérodiens, Agrippa Ier (ad 37-44) et Hérode de Chalcis (ad 41-48), qui les montrent couronnant de lauriers l’empereur Claude. Le langage iconographique impériale offre une abondance de scènes de couronnement similaires, destinées à la glorification des victoires et des succès de l’empereur. Mais malgré les apparences, familières, la configuration employée ici sur ces monnaies est fort inusitée et originale, utilisant des motifs communs afin de construire une nouvelle image du pouvoir royal. Bien que l’intention de glorifier l’empereur soit transparente, l’originalité de cette composition permet aussi d’interpréter la scène d’une manière moins orthodoxe, en contradiction avec les principes de l’art romain impérial.
Notes d’archéologie et d’architecture orientales. 13 - Le Bâtiment Nord de Tepe Gawra XIIIe
Authors: Margueron Jean-Claude
Published: April 2018

Une nouvelle approche du pseudo «  temple Nord  » du niveau XIII de Tepe Gawra, à partir d’une analyse fondée sur l’ensemble des données architecturales et archéologiques ainsi que sur les études antérieures, conduit à proposer une restitution inédite de l’organisation générale et du volume de ce bâtiment. Toutes les caractéristiques du bâtiment y trouvent leur signification. Quant aux autres bâtiments du niveau XIII, trop incomplets pour permettre une analyse aussi poussée, ils trouvent leur place dans l’organisation d’ensemble de cette phase grâce à une analyse des cotes d’altitude.
Rapport préliminaire et études céramologiques sur les campagnes de fouilles 2009 et 2010 à Tell ʿAcharneh, vallée du Ghab, Syrie
Authors: Fortin Michel , Cooper Lisa , Boileau Marie-Claude
Published: April 2018

Présentation sommaire des résultats obtenus lors des deux dernières campagnes de fouilles (2009 et 2010) de la mission canadienne sur le site de Tell ʿAcharneh, dans la vallée du Ghab en Syrie. Après une succincte description stratigraphique des vestiges architecturaux mis au jour dans les différents niveaux dégagés au cours de ces deux campagnes, suit une analyse typologique de la céramique recueillie dans les niveaux des âges du Bronze et du Fer, ainsi qu’une analyse pétrographique de tessons datés de l’âge du Bronze récent.
Les objets en terre du Levant néolithique avant l’invention de la céramique : cuisson intentionnelle ou accidentelle ?
Authors: Ayobi Rania
Published: April 2018

Des objets en terre ont été trouvés sur plusieurs sites néolithiques du Proche-Orient. Les plus anciens datent du PPNA. Leur production devient courante, sur la majorité des sites, au PPNB moyen. Grâce à de nouvelles fouilles comme celle de Tell Aswad, sous la direction de D. Stordeur et B. Jammous entre 2001 et 2006, qui a livré plus de 2 000 objets en terre de formes différentes, nous avons pu avancer les recherches dans le domaine de la technique de fabrication et particulièrement la cuisson de ces objets en terre. C’est à partir de ces nouveaux éléments et en les confrontant avec des données plus anciennes que nous tenterons de répondre aux questions posées à propos de la cuisson.
Adult size and sex ratio variation ofCerambyx welensii(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Mediterranean oak (Fagaceae) woodlands
Authors: Torres-Vila Luis M. , Mendiola-Díaz F. Javier , Sánchez-González Álvaro
Published: April 2018

Adult size is the trait most closely correlated with reproductive output in insects, but may also have important selective implications determining additional fitness gains. In longhorn beetles, adult size-mediated ultimate benefits may arise from mate choice, male antennal spread width or male fighting for mates. In this paper, we examined factors potentially shaping adult size ofCerambyx welensiiKüster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an emergent oak (QuercusLinnaeus; Fagaceae) pest. Sex ratio and adult length/weight allometric relationships were also explored. Overwintering adults were collected inside oaks in Extremadura (southwestern Spain) during 2011–2017 to ensure that larval development was completed in the wild. Sex, host species, and wood quality affected adult size, though some interactions occurred and among-host differences were weak. Adults collected inside older trees and wider branches were significantly larger. Adult size was unaffected by either elevation, aspect, or population density. There was a robust allometric scaling in both sexes between elytral/adult length and weight, females being heavier than males and males longer than females when adults were large. Female-biased sex ratios occurred in old/veteran trees and in dense/crowded larval populations. We discuss these results from an evolutionary perspective considering the potential impact ofC. welensiiadult size on population dynamics and management tactics.
Growth performance of Allanblackia floribunda Oliv seedlings in various nursery growth media in Nigeria
Authors: Ekeke B.A.
Published: April 2018

The growth performance of Allanblackia floribunda oliv seedlings in various nursery growth media was studied. Six nursery growth media were prepared in 1:1 ratio as follows: (1) washed river sand +forest topsoil (SdTsST1) (2) Washed river sand +heat sterilized decomposed sawdust (SdSwST1) (3)heat sterilized decomposed sawdust + top forest soil (SwTsST1) (4) Washed river sand + forest topsoil + heat sterilized decomposed sawdust(SdTsSwST1) (5) heat sterilized decomposed sawdust only (SwST1) (6) forest topsoil only (TsST1). Polythene containers (16cm x 14cm) were filled with each of the growth media. One predecoated seedling (ST1) was pricked into each container and there were five seedlings for each growth medium replicated three times. Observation was for 24 weeks. The highest seedling height (6.7cm+0.65cm), diameter at collar (2.53 + 0.5mm), number of leaves (6.0+0.9) and leaf area (54.3 + 4.5cm2) were observed in growth media containing a mixture of washed river sand, forest topsoil and sterilized decomposed sawdust. Growth media containing these three items are recommended as appropriate growth media for Allanblackia floribunda seedlings in the nursery, in Nigeria.Keywords:  Allanblackia floribunda; seedlings, nursery growth media
Goethe entre los antiguos: naturaleza y arquitectura
Authors: Rubio Garrido Alberto
Published: April 2018

During his trip to Sicily, a striking triad influenced Goethe. In the first place, a certain mythological predisposition presides over his descriptions. Second, he includes in his narration digressions about geology, geography, and botany. Finally, he dwells on detailed allusions to his artistic experiences, which include principally those related to architecture. As a result, Goethe combined in Sicily the experience of the ancient myth with the intimate conviction that feeling the natural and the Greek, as far as architecture is concerned, joins him to a meaning with validity in his time.
Ocean acidification changes the structure of an Antarctic coastal protistan community
Authors: Hancock Alyce M. , Davidson Andrew T. , McKinlay John , McMinn Andrew , Schulz Kai G. , van den Enden Rick L.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Antarctic near-shore waters are amongst the most sensitive in the world to
ocean acidification. Microbes occupying these waters are critical drivers of
ecosystem productivity, elemental cycling and ocean biogeochemistry, yet
little is known about their sensitivity to ocean acidification. A six-level,
dose–response experiment was conducted using 650 L incubation tanks
(minicosms) adjusted to a gradient in fugacity of carbon dioxide
(fCO2) from 343 to 1641 µatm. The six
minicosms were filled with near-shore water from Prydz Bay, East
Antarctica,
and the protistan composition and abundance was determined by microscopy
during 18 days of incubation. No CO2-related change in the protistan
community composition was observed during the initial 8 day acclimation
period under low light. Thereafter, the response of both autotrophic and
heterotrophic protists to fCO2 was species-specific.
The response of diatoms was mainly cell size related; microplanktonic diatoms
(> 20 µm) increased in abundance with low to moderate
fCO2 (343–634 µatm) but decreased at
fCO2 ≥ 953 µatm. Similarly, the abundance
of Phaeocystis antarctica increased with increasing
fCO2 peaking at 634 µatm. Above this threshold
the abundance of micro-sized diatoms and P. antarctica fell
dramatically, and nanoplanktonic diatoms (≤ 20 µm) dominated,
therefore culminating in a significant change in the protistan community
composition. Comparisons of these results with previous experiments conducted
at this site show that the fCO2 thresholds are similar,
despite seasonal and interannual differences in the physical and biotic
environment. This suggests that near-shore microbial communities are likely
to change significantly near the end of this century if anthropogenic
CO2 release continues unabated, with profound ramifications for
near-shore Antarctic ecosystem food webs and biogeochemical cycling.
Accelerating simulations using Direct Relation Graphs for
atmospheric chemistry mechanism reduction
Authors: Nikolaou Zacharias Marinou , Chen Jyh-Yuan , Proestos Yiannis , Lelieveld Johannes , Sander Rolph
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Chemical mechanism reduction is common practice in combustion research for accelerating numerical simulations, however there have been limited applications in atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we employ a powerful reduction method in order to produce a skeletal mechanism of an atmospheric chemistry code that is commonly used in air quality and climate modelling. The skeletal mechanism is developed using input data from a model scenario, and its performance is evaluated both a priori against the model scenario results, but also posteriori by implementing the skeletal mechanism in a chemistry-transport model namely the Weather Research and Forecasting code with Chemistry. Preliminary results, indicate a substantial increase in computational speedup for both cases, with a minimal loss of accuracy with regards to the spatio-temporal mixing ratio of the target species, which was selected to be ozone.
Potential application of hydrological ensemble prediction in forecasting flood and its components over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Li , Pan Su L. , Bai Zhi X. , Xu Yue P.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In recent year, flood becomes a serious issue in Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to climate change. Many studies have shown that ensemble flood forecasting based on numerical weather predictions can provide early warning with extended lead time. However, the role of hydrological ensemble prediction in forecasting flood volume and its components over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZR), China has not been systematically investigated. This study adopts Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model to forecast annual maximum floods (MF) and annual first floods (FF) in YZR based on precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). N-simulations is proposed to account for more scenarios of parameters in VIC and shows improved flood simulation. Ensemble flood forecasting system can skilfully predict MF with a lead time of more than10 days, and has skill in forecasting the snowmelt-related components in about 7 days ahead. The accuracy of forecasts for FF is inferior with a lead time of only 5 days. The performance in 7-day accumulated flood volumes is better than the peak flows. The components in baseflow for FF are irrelevant to lead time, whilst for MF an obvious deterioration in performance with lead time can be perceived. The snowmelt-induced surface runoff is the most poorly captured component by the system, and the well-predicted rainfall-related components are the major contributor for good performance. From this study, it is concluded that snowmelt-induced flood volume plays an important role in YZR Basin especially in FF.
Young Adult Counselors with Diabetes at Diabetes Camps: The Effect of Being a Peer Mentor on Counselors’ Health Behavior
Authors: Manning Alison Stein , Pollock McLean , Clements Ben , Furutani Elissa , Brotkin Samuel , Mansfield Joan , Kupersmidt Janis , Fritz Gregory , Maslow Gary
Published: April 2018

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type I diabetes (T1D) often struggle with illness management. Although diabetes camps have been shown to improve blood sugar control among campers, the effect of the camp experience on counselors’ diabetes self-management has never been studied. In addition to the camp environment, it was hypothesized that peer factors among counselors, such as diabetes role modeling, would positively influence diabetes self-care behaviors and that counselors would be able to select diabetes role models based on these appropriate self-management behaviors. Counselors with T1D working at 2 summer camps were recruited to participate. Participants completed questionnaires including the Diabetes Behavior Rate Scale (DBRS) and a peer-assessment form in which participants were asked to nominate friends and diabetes role models, and to assign a role model score for each counselor. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), a measure of blood sugar control, was obtained pre- and post-camp. Thirty-three participants completed the study. The average HbA1c score decreased 0.4% (p < .01) over the 6 to 10 weeks of camp indicating improved metabolic control at camp. The number of nominations for diabetes role model was associated with diabetes self-care (r = 0.351, p = 0.027). Diabetes role model scores were not associated with diabetes self-care (r = 0.272, p = 0.074). There was no correlation between HbA1c and diabetes self-care. The findings suggest that the camp counselor role is a potential target for intervention to promote positive outcomes for AYA with T1D. Lessons learned from how AYA with diabetes support one another at camp can be applied to community-based interventions for youth with T1D or other chronic illnesses.
Special Issue: Perspectives on the Value of the Camp Experience
Authors: Bialeschki M. Deborah , Browne Laurie P.
Published: April 2018

This special issue brings attention to a broad range of current research that explored the varied contributions of the camp experience to positive youth development. The camp experience described in these articles included many types of programs (e.g., nature-based, sports, arts), duration (e.g., day/overnight, multi-day/multi-week), settings (e.g., wilderness, public and private natural areas), and audiences (e.g., urban/rural, children with medical needs, low income). The articles addressed topics such as 21st century skill development through camp, developmental outcomes related to career/college readiness and life success for campers and staff, developmental values of camp for specialized audiences such as medically-oriented campers, leadership development in young staff, relationship of quality programming to youth development, and relationships between nature-based experiences and youth development. All of the articles offer practical implications and applications for practice as well as contribute to theory and the body of knowledge. As with all good research, this special issue leaves the reader with new information but also identifies relevant questions for future research and evaluation.
Tribal Sovereign Immunity as a Defense in Overcoming IPR Challenges of Brand Name Pharmaceutical Patent Validity at PTAB – Effects on the Industry
Authors: Williams Elana
Published: April 2018

Tribal sovereignty has been recognized by the American government since the establishment of the United States and tribal sovereign immunity has been a part of American jurisprudence for over a century. Tribal sovereign immunity continues to play an important role in modern times, especially in the last few years with the rise of inter partes review (IPR) proceedings stemming from the America Invents Act of 2011. IPR proceedings are filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and heard by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) as an alternative to or in conjunction with traditional patent litigation in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Therefore, patent owners may have to defend their patents both at PTAB and in federal court.PTAB has recently granted its first motion to consider the issue of tribal sovereign immunity as it relates to patents covering the branded drug Restasis®. This case involves two giants of the pharmaceutical industry: Allergan PLC (Allergan), a brand name drug manufacturer who holds the Restasis® patents, and Mylan N.V. (Mylan), a generic pharmaceutical company.
Airport Security: Over-Reaching New Heights
Authors: Antolak Cole
Published: April 2018

The tragedy that occurred on September 11, 2001 changed airline security forever. Post 9/11, Congress gave the Department of Homeland Security vast power over passangers. This article seeks to examine whether the new airline security procedures are overly invasive, legal, or even effective. If the current system is ineffective or unconstitutional, an alternative must be sought. The Supreme Court has held that searches are required to be no more extensive or invasive than needed to protect security. This article posits that if new airline security measures are not conducted in a manner that respects the privacy and constitutional rights of passangers, they must be replaced with an alternative, such as beavioral profiling. In modern society, it is paramount that we heed the warning of Benjamin Franklin, "those who would give up essential liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety."
The Sephora Mobile-App and Its Relationship to Customer Loyalty
Authors: Liu Yini , Berger Paul D.
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we study Sephora’s mobile app and its use, opinions about its efficacy, and its relationship to customer loyalty. We consider three traditional measures of customer loyalty—satisfaction with the app, likelihood to use the app for purchases in the future, and likelihood to recommend the app to others. Various relationships were found between different perceived benefits of the app and the measures of customer loyalty.
A case of pancreatic metastasis arising from occult lung cancer
Authors: Kodama Ryo , Saegusa Hisanobu , Ushimaru Hiroyasu , Makino Mutsuki , Kawaguchi Kenji
Published: April 2018

A 57-year-old man was admitted with complaints of stiffness on the right clavicle. Imaging study revealed swelling of multiple lymph nodes and pancreatic mass, but there were no such findings in the lung. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for mediastinum lymph node and pancreatic mass revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. He was diagnosed of pancreatic cancer with multiple lymph node metastases. Chemoradiotherapy was conducted. Six months later, he suffered from cardiac tamponade and died. The autopsy revealed a small nodule of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the lung that could not be pointed out by computed tomography. Immunohistochemistry showed that both tumors of the lung and pancreas were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1 and napsin A, which are specific markers of lung cancer. Final diagnosis was primary lung cancer with metastases to the pancreas and heart. Pancreatic metastasis from occult lung cancer is rare. Lung cancer must be suspected when carcinoma of unknown primary is detected, even in the absence of the image findings of the lung. Immunostaining is useful in determining the primary site; hence, obtaining the cancer tissue is important.
Experiences of local residents who portrayed patients in simulated patient exercises
Authors: Shomura Masako , Okabe Haruka , Iwamoto Satoshi , Ohyama Futoshi , Kojima Yoshikazu
Published: April 2018

With a view toward developing Simulated Patient Exercises (SPE) together with local residents, we aimed to ascertain the role that instructors should play, and the coordination they should undertake to achieve this goal. We interviewed local residents in their 60s and 70s who participated in the participatory SPE program of Tokai University’s Adult Nursing Department. We asked the residents about what they gained from, and how they felt about, their experience in the program, and about the kind of support they need to play their role effectively. From the interview data and qualitative inductive analysis, we derived four themes describing the residents’ experiences: “Self-encouragement and growth”, “hardships as a Simulated Patient”, “efforts to improve the training of simulated patients”, and “wishes for nursing students”. Many of the statements described hardships the residents faced as Simulated Patients, including their nervousness and the burden of learning their role. On the other hand, we also heard many positive statements about how the residents felt encouraged and achieved growth through the experience. For example, in serving as simulated patients, the residents were encouraged by a sense of pride at how they were helping to train nursing students who will in the future help them and their family members, and they felt inspired by the students’ earnestness and their cordial learning attitudes, as well as by the camaraderie with fellow Simulated Patients. These positive statements illustrate the value of local residents participating in the program, and they explain why the residents continued to participate.
Analysis of Insole Material Impact on Comfort During Physical Exertion
Authors: Serweta Wioleta , Olejniczak Zbigniew , Woźniak Bogusław
Published: April 2018

Insole material is an important factor determining the hygienic properties of shoes. It has a significant impact on health and comfort while wearing them. In this paper, the authors describe a scenario of three insole materials: flank leather, cellulose material and composite leather. Quantitative research was done using five upper materials: calfskin full and top grain leather, “buffalo” bovine leather, a soft type of grain leather, and aniline veal skin type “cool”. Qualitative analysis was performed using 3D knitted fabrics as lining. The statistical significance of the differences obtained within the groups analysed is that they prove the impact of insole material on comfort.
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) in Infant Formula Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: Collaborative Study, Final Action 2014.02
Authors: Giménez Ester Campos , Martin Frédéric ,   Collaborators:, Arella F , Austad J , Bandhari S , Chooi S H , Christiansen S , Chua A , Deborde J L , Dole M , Frueh J , Gallegos T , Gill B , Indyk H , Jaudzems G , Jobgen W E , Jones M , Joseph G , Kneteeman E , Labitan D , Larkin G , LeCours L , Lim H X , Liu K , Malaviole I , Marley E , McMahon A , Meng-Jensen S , Nielsen S , Nijman R , Nipales R N , Noorloos T , Otto C , Ruosh A , Tan B L , Weerasekera G , White P , Yap L K
Published: April 2018

To determine the repeatability and reproducibility figures of the AOAC First Action Official MethodSM 2014.02 (Vitamin B12 in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Formula by Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection), a collaborative study was organized. Twenty-one laboratories located in 13 different countries agreed to participate. The study was divided into two parts. During the first part, the laboratories analyzed two samples in duplicate by using the method described in the protocol. The laboratories that provided results within the expected range were qualified for part two, during which they analyzed 10 samples in blind duplicates. Eighteen laboratories managed to provide results on time for reporting. The results were compared with the Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR® 2011.005) established for vitamin B12. The precision results met the requirements stated in the SMPR except for one sample. Repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviation ranged from 1.1 to 6.5% and from 6.0 to 23.8%, respectively, with only one matrix showing reproducibility values higher than the required 11%. Horwitz ratio values were all well below 2 (0.17–0.78). The AOAC Expert Review Panel (Stakeholder Panel for Infant Formula and Adult Nutritional Expert Review Panel) determined that the data presented met the SMPR and, hence, recommended the method to be granted Final Action status in September 2016.
La última dictadura argentina en el centro de los debates y las tensiones historiográficas recientes
Authors: Franco Marina
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo fue escrito para una mesa redonda sobre debates historiográficos en torno a las últimas dictaduras en el Cono Sur, y fue presentado en el marco del III Séminario Internacional Historia do Tempo Presente, organizado por la UDESC en octubre de 2017. El texto analiza los debates más recientes que han tenido lugar en el campo de la historia reciente sobre la última dictadura militar en la Argentina. Para ello se consideran tres temas que han sido objeto de polémicas: la manera de nombrar el crimen estatal; las formas de denominar el régimen autoritario de los años setenta, y una serie de discusiones más amplias sobre los juicios de lesa humanidad y el camino de la justicia que primó en el caso argentino. Si bien el objeto del análisis son los debates historiográficos de los últimos años, por la naturaleza de los temas en discusión, el análisis muestra como los campos político, jurídico, intelectual y académico se superponen, cruzan y tensionan mutuamente. Ello deja a la vista la alta politicidad del campo académico de la historia reciente y la autonomía relativa de los investigadores en relación con otras esferas de acción no académicas. Palabras clave: Historia Reciente. Historiografia.  Dictadura. Derechos Humanos. Justicia
Memória pública e patrimônio prisional: questões do tempo presente
Authors: Borges Viviane
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo problematizar processos de patrimonialização ligados à memória pública e ao patrimônio prisional. A elaboração do texto buscou discutir a tensão dentro das escolhas a respeito da preservação e da configuração das prisões como patrimônio cultural, analisando casos que perpassam o século XX e XXI em diferentes espaços, como França, Portugal, Estados Unidos, procurando situar o caso brasileiro dentro dessa tessitura. Abordando o dilema entre o que é escolhido para ser lembrado e a produção do esquecimento, pretende-se refletir sobre a memória pública prisional, dialogando com questões ligadas ao estudo da história do tempo presente e da história pública.Palavras-chave: Prisões. Usos do Passado. História do Tempo Presente. História Pública.
Palatal obturator prosthesis: a clinical case report
Authors: ROSLAN Husniyati , SHAHABUDIN Sa'adiah
Published: April 2018

This clinical report
describes the details of a prosthodontic rehabilitation of an elderly patient who
was diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The palatal defect has caused
problems in phonetics and mastication. A previous obturator was made using
conventional Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This obturator has caused some
discomfort due to food impaction and irritation of the fitting surface over the
tissue defect areas. This had resulted in frequent erythema of the areas. Therefore,
a new palatal obturator was made still using PMMA but with an addition of an
indirect soft acrylic resin over the defect areas. The soft acrylic resin
serves to reduce painful irritation of the obturator over the soft tissues
around the defect areas. The review appointments up to 6 months revealed
satisfactory results with no deterioration in the prosthesis.
Vue d’ensemble de la musique interculturelle au Canada : politique, diversité et colonialisme
Authors: Strachan Jeremy , Robert Véronique
Published: April 2018

Cet article fait un survol des exemples récents de la production musicale interculturelle au Canada, et interroge les politiques de cette musique interculturelle en examinant la façon dont la compréhension multilatérale des identités culturelles est représentée et diffusée par des pratiques sonores, et demande surtout comment les récits utopiques de la diversité sociale dans les politiques canadiennes peuvent devenir déréglés de façon créative. Des ensembles tels que le Vancouver Inter-Cultural Orchestra, la Big World Band, et le New Canadian Global Music Orchestra se sont consacrés à faire de la musique qui puise dans une gamme d’influences où l’interculturalité se manifeste dans une esthétique sonore. Des artistes tels que Yamantaka // Sonic Titan et Lido Pimienta répondent à et critiquent la racialisation et la marginalisation de façons qui ne sont pas explicitement représentées dans le son. Enfin, des collaborations entre musiciens autochtones et non-autochtones ont pris une valence particulièrement aigüe comme moyen d’articuler la résurgence et la souveraineté culturelle du Canada dans le contexte post-cvr.
LE TRAVAIL DE NATURE IDENTITAIRE D’ACTEURS DU MILIEU PRÉSCOLAIRE ET PRIMAIRE EN CONTEXTE DE FORMATION CONTINUE : UN PROCESSUS DE MISE EN CONSCIENCE DE SOI ET DE PRODUCTION DE SENS
Authors: RONDEAU KARINE
Published: April 2018

Ce texte présente une modélisation du travail de nature identitaire d’acteurs du milieu préscolaire et primaire réalisé en contexte de formation continue. C’est dans le cadre d’une enquête qualitative que des productions biographiques et un entretien collectif ont été analysés. La démarche d’analyse a permis d’illustrer que le travail de nature identitaire se met en oeuvre à travers un processus de mise en conscience de soi et de production de sens déployé sous le regard d’autrui et marqué par des secousses, des tensions et des remises en question.
L’approche culturelle et la réalité sociale « culture et mouvements de pensée » : une analyse de contenu
Authors: Lemieux Olivier
Published: April 2018

Dans cet article, nous portons un regard sur la place de l’approche culturelle dans l’enseignement de l’histoire nationale au Québec entre 2006 et 2016. À l’aide de la typologie Côté-Duquette, nous proposons une analyse de contenu du matériel pédagogique et didactique, plus précisément des manuels, des guides d’enseignements et des corrigés des cahiers d’activités. Ainsi, cet article se veut l’occasion de démontrer, à l’aide d’exemples concrets, de quelles façons les différentes conceptions de la culture et les dimensions constitutives de l’enseignement de l’histoire peuvent s’illustrer dans ce type de matériel. Du même coup, l’étude permet d’éprouver sur un nouveau corpus la typologie Côté-Duquette.
Investigation into Multicultural Readiness of Maritime Students: A Maritime English Lecturer’s View
Authors: Čulić-Viskota Adelija
Published: April 2018

Maritime affairs imply multinational/-cultural/-lingual work environments, and maritime students’ relative attitude should be investigated and the awareness raised. A research was undertaken with the 1st-year students of the Faculty of Maritime Studies (FMS) in Split, aiming at getting to know their cultural profile and their views of otherness. This is an essential starting point for the education of tolerant and knowledgeable seafarers, able to foresee possible problems arising in intercultural contacts, e.g. of a ship´s crew, and to deal with them if they should arise. Even before the introduction of multicultural elements into the university education of seafarers, some shipping companies had recognized the problem in an early stage and started undertaking individual initiatives to build respect and tolerance among crewmembers on board their ships originating from different national and cultural backgrounds. Since new nationalities are constantly entering the shipping industry scene, maritime students should be taught to: firstly, recognize the otherness and respect the different shapes it takes, and secondly, recognize the importance of the English language, not only as the occupational language in shipping and means of their professional communication, but also as their social life mediator in their working and living environment. A possible approach to this topic is proposed by an instructor of English for specific purposes in the maritime domain. It is through language that various attitudes presented by different nationalities in a variety of settings can best be illustrated.
Underwater near-infrared spectroscopy can measure training adaptations in adolescent swimmers
Authors: Jones Ben , Parry Dave , Cooper Chris E.
Published: April 2018

The development of an underwater near-infrared spectroscopy (uNIRS) device has enabled previously unattainable measurements of peripheral muscle hemodynamics and oxygenation to be taken within the natural aquatic environment. The purposes of this study were (i) to trial the use of uNIRS, in a real world training study, and (ii) to monitor the effects of a swim training program upon muscle oxygenation status in short distance swimming. A total of 14 junior club level swimmers completed a repeated swim sprint test before and after an eight week endurance training program. A waterproof, portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy device was attached to the vastus lateralis. uNIRS successfully measured changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume in all individuals; rapid sub-second time resolution of the device was able to demonstrate muscle oxygenation changes during the characteristic swim movements. Post training heart rate recovery and swim performance time were significantly improved. uNIRS data also showed significant changes. A larger rise in deoxyhemoglobin during individual sprints suggested training induced an increase in muscle oxygen extraction; a faster recovery time for muscle oxygenation suggested positive training induced changes and significant changes in muscle blood flow also occur. As a strong correlation was seen between an increased reoxygenation rate and an improved swim performance time, these findings support the use of uNIRS as a new performance analysis tool in swimming.
Development of a quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the field detection ofErysiphe necator
Authors: Thiessen Lindsey D. , Neill Tara M. , Mahaffee Walter F.
Published: April 2018

Plant pathogen detection systems have been useful tools to monitor inoculum presence and initiate management schedules. More recently, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was successfully designed for field use in the grape powdery mildew pathosystem; however, false negatives or false positives were prevalent in grower-conducted assays due to the difficulty in perceiving the magnesium pyrophosphate precipitate at low DNA concentrations. A quantitative LAMP (qLAMP) assay using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based probe was assessed by grape growers in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. Custom impaction spore samplers were placed at a research vineyard and six commercial vineyard locations, and were tested bi-weekly by the lab and by growers. Grower-conducted qLAMP assays used a beta-version of the Smart-DART handheld LAMP reaction devices (Diagenetix, Inc., Honolulu, HI, USA), connected to Android 4.4 enabled, Bluetooth-capable Nexus 7 tablets for output. Quantification by a quantitative PCR assay was assumed correct to compare the lab and grower qLAMP assay quantification. Growers were able to conduct and interpret qLAMP results; however, theErysiphe necatorinoculum quantification was unreliable using the beta-Smart-DART devices. The qLAMP assay developed was sensitive to one spore in early testing of the assay, but decreased to >20 spores by the end of the trial. The qLAMP assay is not likely a suitable management tool for grape powdery mildew due to losses in sensitivity and decreasing costs and portability for other, more reliable molecular tools.
Kindia (Pavetteae, Rubiaceae), a new cliff-dwelling genus with chemically profiled colleter exudate from Mt Gangan, Republic of Guinea
Authors: Cheek Martin , Magassouba Sékou , Howes Melanie-Jayne R. , Doré Tokpa , Doumbouya Saïdou , Molmou Denise , Grall Aurélie , Couch Charlotte , Larridon Isabel
Published: April 2018

A new genus Kindia (Pavetteae, Rubiaceae) is described with a single species, Kindia gangan, based on collections made in 2016 during botanical exploration of Mt Gangan, Kindia, Republic of Guinea in West Africa. The Mt Gangan area is known for its many endemic species including the only native non-neotropical Bromeliaceae Pitcairnia feliciana. Kindia is the fourth endemic vascular plant genus to be described from Guinea. Based on chloroplast sequence data, the genus is part of Clade II of tribe Pavetteae. In this clade, it is sister to Leptactina sensu lato (including Coleactina and Dictyandra). K. gangan is distinguished from Leptactina s.l. by the combination of the following characters: its epilithic habit; several-flowered axillary inflorescences; distinct calyx tube as long as the lobes; a infundibular-campanulate corolla tube with narrow proximal section widening abruptly to the broad distal section; presence of a dense hair band near base of the corolla tube; anthers and style deeply included, reaching about mid-height of the corolla tube; anthers lacking connective appendages and with sub-basal insertion; pollen type 1; pollen presenter (style head) winged and glabrous (smooth and usually hairy in Leptactina); orange colleters producing a vivid red exudate, which encircle the hypanthium, and occur inside the calyx and stipules. Kindia is a subshrub that appears restricted to bare, vertical rock faces of sandstone. Fruit dispersal and pollination by bats is postulated. Here, it is assessed as Endangered EN D1 using the 2012 IUCN standard. High resolution LC-MS/MS analysis revealed over 40 triterpenoid compounds in the colleter exudate, including those assigned to the cycloartane class. Triterpenoids are of interest for their diverse chemical structures, varied biological activities, and potential therapeutic value.
Effect of Rotational Speed on Microstructure and Properties of Al‐Based Composite Reinforced with High‐Entropy‐Alloy Particles Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Li Hui , Jiao Lei , Wang Gonglin , Wang Xinyao , Zhang Cheng , Shen Weiming , Shcheretskyi Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

In the present investigation, the production of composites based on 7075Al is involved, reinforced with particles of high‐entropy alloy (AlCoCrFeNi), using the friction stir processing (FSP) technique. The primary objective is to examine how varying the rotational speed during processing affects the uniformity of the composite microstructure, the strength of the bonding between different materials, and the mechanical properties of the composite. In these findings, it is indicated that higher processing rotational speeds lead to enhanced homogeneity of the composite material and promote strong bonding with the matrix. The Al13Co4 phase is generated at the interface before the formation of the Al5Co2 phase. The microhardness of the composites exhibits an increase in hardness of 78%, 84%, 86%, and 83% compared to the hardness of the 7075Al. Similarly, the tensile strength is enhanced by 26%, 36.7%, 49%, and 40%, respectively. The broken surface shows an even spread of particles with many small depressions, which is a clear sign of a common type of fracture that can stretch without breaking. The primary processes that enhance the strength of the FeCoNiCrAl/7075Al composite manufactured by FSP include the load‐transfer effect, dispersion strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, and thermal mismatch strengthening.
Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries: State‐of‐the‐Art and Perspectives
Authors: Huang Jun , Li Chen , Jiang Dongkai , Gao Jingyi , Cheng Lei , Li Guocheng , Luo Hang , Xu Zheng‐Long , Shin Dong‐Myeong , Wang Yanming , Lu Yingying , Kim Yoonseob
Published: October 2024

The use of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) has garnered significant attention as a promising solution for advanced energy storage systems. By employing non‐flammable solid electrolytes in ASSLMBs, their safety profile is enhanced, and the use of lithium metal as the anode allows for higher energy density compared to traditional lithium‐ion batteries. To fully realize the potential of ASSLMBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) must meet several requirements. These include high ionic conductivity and Li+ transference number, smooth interfacial contact between SSEs and electrodes, low manufacturing cost, excellent electrochemical stability, and effective suppression of dendrite formation. This paper delves into the essential requirements of SSEs to enable the successful implementation of ASSLMBs. Additionally, the representative state‐of‐the‐art examples of SSEs developed in the past 5 years, showcasing the latest advancements in SSE materials and highlighting their unique properties are discussed. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on achieving balanced and improved SSEs for ASSLMBs, addressing failure mechanisms and solutions, highlighting critical challenges such as the reversibility of Li plating/stripping and thermal runaway, advanced characterization techniques, composite SSEs, computational studies, and potential and challenges of ASS lithium–sulfur and lithium–oxygen batteries. With this consideration, balanced and improved SSEs for ASSLMBs can be realized.
Observation of Temperature Dependent Atomic Off‐Centering in High Entropy Cubic I‐V‐VI2/IV‐VI Alloys with Ultralow Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Zhu Huaxing , Liu Liyuan , Yang Xinyi , Ji Xiao , Jana Subhajit , Zhang Bin , Wang Guiwen , Wu Yimin A. , Redshaw Carl , Wang Xiyang , Wang Jun‐Zhong , Lu Xu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: October 2024

I‐V‐VI2/IV‐VI compounds and their alloys are of great interest in the field of thermoelectricity due to their unique high‐symmetry crystal structures and unexpectedly low thermal conductivity, which is closely related to the off‐centering effect in the cubic lattice. However, the influence of such an effect on thermal transport across different temperatures remains largely elusive. Herein, using in situ pair distribution function analysis, it is directly observed that the sustained low thermal conductivity in n‐type (AgBiSe2)1‐x(PbS)x alloys stem from the dynamic intelligent switching of local structural distortions over wide temperature windows for the first time. Under ambient conditions, the local off‐centering of central atoms dominates the phonon scattering, while at high temperatures, the geometrical configuration of the ligands predominantly modulates thermal conductivity due to lattice expansion and diminished cation off‐centering. The complementary synergistic effect leads to an ultralow thermal conductivity (<0.64 W m−1 K−1) for (AgBiSe2)0.65(PbS)0.35 across the entire working temperature range and yields a lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.33 W m−1 K−1 at 800 K approaching the glass limit. Atomic‐scale insights into the thermal conductivity mechanism of I‐V‐VI2/IV‐VI alloys provide important guidance for designing high‐efficiency thermoelectric materials over broad operational temperature ranges.