bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Author Correction: Remote targeted implantation of sound-sensitive biodegradable multi-cavity microparticles with focused ultrasound
Authors: Su Xiaoqian , Thomas Reju George , Bharatula Lakshmi Deepika , Kwan James J.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: Surface Modification and Charge Injection in a Nanocomposite Of Metal Nanoparticles and Semiconductor Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Xiao Bo , Rutherford Gugu N. , Sharma Amrit P. , Pradhan Sangram K. , Bonner Carl E. , Bahoura Messaoud J.
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Decadal predictability of North Atlantic blocking and the NAO
Authors: Athanasiadis Panos J. , Yeager Stephen , Kwon Young-Oh , Bellucci Alessio , Smith David W. , Tibaldi Stefano
Published: June 2020

Can multi-annual variations in the frequency of North Atlantic atmospheric blocking and mid-latitude circulation regimes be skilfully predicted? Recent advances in seasonal forecasting have shown that mid-latitude climate variability does exhibit significant predictability. However, atmospheric predictability has generally been found to be quite limited on multi-annual timescales. New decadal prediction experiments from NCAR are found to exhibit remarkable skill in reproducing the observed multi-annual variations of wintertime blocking frequency over the North Atlantic and of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) itself. This is partly due to the large ensemble size that allows the predictable component of the atmospheric variability to emerge from the background chaotic component. The predictable atmospheric anomalies represent a forced response to oceanic low-frequency variability that strongly resembles the Atlantic Multi-decadal Variability (AMV), correctly reproduced in the decadal hindcasts thanks to realistic ocean initialization and ocean dynamics. The occurrence of blocking in certain areas of the Euro-Atlantic domain determines the concurrent circulation regime and the phase of known teleconnections, such as the NAO, consequently affecting the stormtrack and the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Therefore, skilfully predicting the decadal fluctuations of blocking frequency and the NAO may be used in statistical predictions of near-term climate anomalies, and it provides a strong indication that impactful climate anomalies may also be predictable with improved dynamical models.
Assessing the accuracy of automatic speech recognition for psychotherapy
Authors: Miner Adam S. , Haque Albert , Fries Jason A. , Fleming Scott L. , Wilfley Denise E. , Terence Wilson G. , Milstein Arnold , Jurafsky Dan , Arnow Bruce A. , Stewart Agras W. , Fei-Fei Li , Shah Nigam H.
Published: June 2020

Accurate transcription of audio recordings in psychotherapy would improve therapy effectiveness, clinician training, and safety monitoring. Although automatic speech recognition software is commercially available, its accuracy in mental health settings has not been well described. It is unclear which metrics and thresholds are appropriate for different clinical use cases, which may range from population descriptions to individual safety monitoring. Here we show that automatic speech recognition is feasible in psychotherapy, but further improvements in accuracy are needed before widespread use. Our HIPAA-compliant automatic speech recognition system demonstrated a transcription word error rate of 25%. For depression-related utterances, sensitivity was 80% and positive predictive value was 83%. For clinician-identified harm-related sentences, the word error rate was 34%. These results suggest that automatic speech recognition may support understanding of language patterns and subgroup variation in existing treatments but may not be ready for individual-level safety surveillance.
Twin beam quantum-enhanced correlated interferometry for testing fundamental physics
Authors: Pradyumna S. T. , Losero E. , Ruo-Berchera I. , Traina P. , Zucco M. , Jacobsen C. S. , Andersen U. L. , Degiovanni I. P. , Genovese M. , Gehring T.
Published: June 2020

Quantum metrology deals with improving the resolution of instruments that are otherwise limited by shot noise and it is therefore a promising avenue for enabling scientific breakthroughs. The advantage can be even more striking when quantum enhancement is combined with correlation techniques among several devices. Here, we present and realize a correlation interferometry scheme exploiting bipartite quantum correlated states injected in two independent interferometers. The scheme outperforms classical analogues in detecting a faint signal that may be correlated/uncorrelated between the two devices. We also compare its sensitivity with that obtained for a pair of two independent squeezed modes, each addressed to one interferometer, for detecting a correlated stochastic signal in the MHz frequency band. Being the simpler solution, it may eventually find application to fundamental physics tests, e.g., searching for the effects predicted by some Planck scale theories.
Correction: Confocal Raman microspectroscopy for skin characterization: a comparative study between human skin and pig skin
Authors: Tfaili Sana , Gobinet Cyril , Josse Gwendal , Angiboust Jean-François , Manfait Michel , Piot Olivier
Published: June 2020

Correction for ‘Confocal Raman microspectroscopy for skin characterization: a comparative study between human skin and pig skin’ by Sana Tfaili et al., Analyst, 2012, 137, 3673–3682, DOI: 10.1039/C2AN16292J.
Pediococcus pentosaceusB49 from human colostrum ameliorates constipation in mice
Authors: Huang Juqing , Li Suyi , Wang Qi , Guan Xuefang , Qian Lei , Li Jie , Zheng Yi , Lin Bin
Published: June 2020

P. pentosaceusB49 partly normalized the expression of genes related to intestinal peristalsis, water and electrolyte absorption and transport, while down-regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-oncogenic genes in constipated mice.
DeepRMethylSite: a deep learning based approach for prediction of arginine methylation sites in proteins
Authors: Chaudhari Meenal , Thapa Niraj , Roy Kaushik , Newman Robert H. , Saigo Hiroto , B. K. C. Dukka
Published: June 2020

DeepRMethylSite is an ensemble-based deep learning model that takes protein sequences as input and predicts sites of Arginine methylation. The implementation and source code are provided at https://github.com/dukkakc/DeepRMethylSite.
Disulfide exchange assisted self-healing epoxy/PDMS/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Krishnakumar Balaji , Singh Manjeet , Parthasarthy Vijay , Park Chanwook , Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Yun Gun Jin , Rana Sravendra
Published: June 2020

Catalyst free disulfide exchange promoted epoxy/PDMS/GO-based self-healing vitrimeric material is reported, where efficiency of healing is extended through the presence of graphene, whereas PDMS is useful to enhance the toughness of the vitrimers.
Broadband transparency with all-dielectric metasurfaces engraved on silicon waveguide facets: effect of inverted and extruded features based on Babinet's principle
Authors: Karabchevsky Alina , Falek Eran , Greenberg Yakov , Elman Michael , Keren Yaakov , Gurwich Ioseph
Published: June 2020

Extruded anti-reflective metasurface on a waveguide facet.
Structural evolution of BCN systems from graphene oxide towards electrocatalytically active atomic layers
Authors: Bawari Sumit , Sharma Kshama , Kalita Golap , Madhu P. K. , Narayanan Tharangattu N. , Mondal Jagannath
Published: June 2020

Microstructure evolution of BCN systems from graphene oxide is studied using ReaxFF assisted molecular dynamics. The resultant theoretical structures are experimentally verified, and HER activity is studied for different microstructure variations.
Photoluminescence, TGA/DSC and photocatalytic activity studies of Dy3+ doped SrY2O4 nanophosphors
Authors: Ghorpade Santosh P. , Kottam Nagaraju , Melavanki Raveendra , Patil N. R.
Published: June 2020

Photoluminescence properties of Dy3+:SrY2O4 nanophosphors designed for warm w-LED applications.
Study of the thermal decomposition mechanism of FOX-7 by molecular dynamics simulation and online photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Jiang Liping , Fu Xiaolong , Zhou Zhongyue , Zhang Chongmin , Li Jizhen , Qi Fei , Fan Xuezhong , Zhang Guofang
Published: June 2020

In this work, the primary thermal decomposition mechanism of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was studied by ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations and online photoionization mass spectrometry.
Methylbismuth: an organometallic bismuthinidene biradical
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Deb Pratim , Schleier Domenik , Wirsing Sara , Ramler Jacqueline , Kaiser Dustin , Reusch Engelbert , Hemberger Patrick , Preitschopf Tobias , Krummenacher Ivo , Engels Bernd , Fischer Ingo , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: June 2020

Methylbismuth, the first organometallic non-stabilized bismuth(i) compound, was generated in the gas phase and characterized. Implications for its chemistry in the condensed phase were investigated.
Scalable surface engineering of commercial metal foams for defect-rich hydroxides towards improved oxygen evolution
Authors: Zhu Guoxing , Li Xiaoyun , Liu Yuanjun , Mao Yu , Liang Zhiwu , Ji Zhenyuan , Shen Xiaoping , Sun Jian , Cheng Xiaofang , Mao Junjie
Published: June 2020

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical process involved in various energy related processes.
Surface modification engineering of two-dimensional titanium carbide for efficient synergistic multitherapy of breast cancer
Authors: Bai Lei , Yi Wenhui , Sun Taiyang , Tian Yilong , Zhang Ping , Si Jinhai , Hou Xun , Hou Jin
Published: June 2020

A nanocomposite drug delivery system (Ti3C2@Met@CP) can be used for the synergistic treatment of tumors through photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy and can also inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis by activating the immune system.
Photoinduced reconfiguration to control the protein-binding affinity of azobenzene-cyclized peptides
Authors: Day Kevin , Schneible John D. , Young Ashlyn T. , Pozdin Vladimir A. , Van Den Driessche George , Gaffney Lewis A. , Prodromou Raphael , Freytes Donald O. , Fourches Denis , Daniele Michael , Menegatti Stefano
Published: June 2020

Light-controlled switching of cell-binding activity of fluorescently-labeled peptides for on-demand cell labeling.
Molecular anchoring stabilizes low valence Ni(i)TPP on copper against thermally induced chemical changes
Authors: Sturmeit Henning Maximilian , Cojocariu Iulia , Jugovac Matteo , Cossaro Albano , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Sala Alessandro , Comelli Giovanni , Moro Stefania , Stredansky Matus , Corva Manuel , Vesselli Erik , Puschnig Peter , Schneider Claus Michael , Feyer Vitaliy , Zamborlini Giovanni , Cinchetti Mirko
Published: June 2020

The strong molecule-surface interaction, followed by charge transfer at the interface, plays a fundamental role in the thermal stability of the layer by rigidly anchoring the porphyrin molecules to the copper substrate.
Multiconfigurational dynamics explain photochemical reactivity and torquoselectivity towards fluorinated polyacetylenes
Authors: Cox Jordan M. , Lopez Steven A.
Published: June 2020

We determined the origin of a photo-torquoselective 4π-electrocyclic ring closing of hexafluoro-[5]-ladderene with multiconfigurational calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations (256 1 ps CASSCF(6,7)/ANO-S-VDZP trajectories).
A controllable and reversible phase transformation between all-inorganic perovskites for white light emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Yue Yifei , Zhang Xiaohua , Wang Chenxu , Yang Guochun , Zhu Dongxia
Published: June 2020

A controllable and reversible phase transformation between CsCu2I3 and Cs3Cu2I5 is employed to fabricate electroluminescent WLEDs for the first time.
Solution-processed amorphous yttrium aluminium oxide YAlxOy and aluminum oxide AlxOy, and their functional dielectric properties and performance in thin-film transistors
Authors: Koslowski Nico , Trouillet Vanessa , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: June 2020

Yttrium aluminium oxide (YAlxOy) dielectric is accessible using a molecular single-source precursor approach. Processing using deep UV leads to a functional amorphous dielectric with functionality in a thin-film transistor device.
Protective effect of Asarum sieboldii essential oil on ovalbumin induced allergic rhinitis in rat
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Kang Haoran
Published: June 2020

Background: The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of Asarum sieboldii Miq. essential oil (AEO) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) in rats.

Methods and results: Sixty Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=10): control, model, cetirizine (Cet, 4.65 g/kg), and AEO (0.5, 1.5, 3 g/kg) groups. All animals except the control group received repeated intranasal instillation with 20 μl of 20% OVA in Al(OH)3 saline solvent for 15 days. The control group was intranasally instilled with 5 mg/ml of Al(OH)3 instead of the same procedure. In the 15 days, Cet and AEO were orally administrated for 28 days. At the end of the drug administration, 20 μl of 5% OVA was given to animals to stimulate allergic reaction, then the rat behavioral detection, assessment of the patho-morphological changes in nasal mucosa, and the serum biomarkers were determined. The result showed that AEO could significantly reduce the amount of nasal secretions, sneezing, and the degree of nasal scratching in AR rats with EC50 = 1.5 and 2.8 g/kg, respectively. The degree of nasal mucosal inflammation in AEO group improved, the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17 were decreased, and the level of IFN-γ was increased obviously with EC50 = 2 g/kg.

Conclusion: The study suggested that the possible mechanism might be related with the inhibition of histamine release and regulation of the cytokine levels, which plays an important role in the treatment of AR.
Phase identification using co‐association matrix ensemble clustering
Authors: Blakely Logan , Reno Matthew J.
Published: June 2020

Calibrating distribution system models to aid in the accuracy of simulations such as hosting capacity analysis is increasingly important in the pursuit of the goal of integrating more distributed energy resources. The recent availability of smart meter data is enabling the use of machine learning tools to automatically achieve model calibration tasks. This research focuses on applying machine learning to the phase identification task, using a co‐association matrix‐based, ensemble spectral clustering approach. The proposed method leverages voltage time series from smart meters and does not require existing or accurate phase labels. This work demonstrates the success of the proposed method on both synthetic and real data, surpassing the accuracy of other phase identification research.
Zur klinischen Wirksamkeit von Präparaten aus dem Hanf
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: June 2020

Unter den vielen im Hanf enthaltenen Cannabinoiden befinden sich das psychotrop wirkende Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) und Cannabidiol (CBD), das vermutlich einen Teil der negativen zentralen Wirkungen des THCs kompensiert.

Experimentelle Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Cannabinoide bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen hilfreich sein könnten. Dennoch ist die Datenlage zur Evidenz der Wirksamkeit der Cannabinoide noch immer unzureichend. Medizinalhanf, teil- oder vollsynthetische Substanzen wie CBD, Dronabinol, Nabilon (ein THC-Agonist) waren bei neuropathischen Schmerzen Placebo nur marginal überlegen. Auch bei Tumorschmerzen, rheumatischen und gastrointestinalen Schmerzen und bei Appetitlosigkeit aufgrund von Krebs oder AIDS ist die Wirksamkeit der Cannabinoide noch nicht ausreichend belegt.

In den USA wurde kürzlich das nahezu 100 % CBD enthaltende Epidiolex® für die Indikation epileptische Anfälle bei Kindern, die an seltenen Erkrankungen leiden, von der Gesundheitsbehörde zugelassen. Eine Metaanalyse von 4 Studien bei Lennox-Gastaut- und Dravet-Syndrom zeigt, dass die Anfallshäufigkeit unter Epidiolex® 10 mg/Tag etwa 20 % geringer war als unter Placebo. Die unter der Therapie aufgetretenen unerwünschten Wirkungen beruhten zum Teil auf der Ko-Medikation. Zu anderen Indikationen wie Psychosen, Angstzuständen, neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen und zur Entwöhnung von Nikotin- und Cannabis-Abusus liegen nur Pilotstudien vor, die bis zu 50 mg/kg CBD / Tag eingesetzt haben.

Damit THC-haltige Cannabisprodukte oder das nicht psychotrop wirkende CBD im therapeutischen Alltag sinnvoll eingesetzt werden können, bedarf es weiterer Studien guter Qualität, die die Wirkgröße bei den einzelnen Indikationen, die Tagesdosen und das Ausmaß an unerwünschten Wirkungen definieren.
Geteiltes Leid, halbes Leid – das Thema Gruppenpsychotherapie im Netz
Authors: Tränkner Johanna
Published: June 2020

Gruppenpsychotherapie stellt für Patienten und Leistungsträger häufig eine wirksame sowie kostengünstige Alternative zur Einzeltherapie dar. Interessierte können sich im Vorfeld im Internet informieren, zu welchem Schwerpunkt und Ansatz das eigene Leiden passt. Experten aus Sozial- und Heilberufen erhalten über das Internet eine Fülle an Informationen über aktuelle politische, wissenschaftliche und abrechnungsrelevante Aspekte der Gruppenpsychotherapie. Nahezu alle anerkannten Ausbildungsinstitute verschiedener Schulen in Deutschland bieten zudem über ihre Webseiten Informationen zu Aus- und Weiterbildungen in Gruppenpsychotherapie an.
Gruppen ohne Therapeuten – Zur Rolle der Selbsthilfe im deutschen Gesundheitssystem
Authors: Matzat Jürgen
Published: June 2020

Die Selbsthilfebewegung ist in Deutschland sehr präsent. Schätzungen zufolge gibt es fast 100 000 örtliche Gruppen, über 100 bundesweite Selbsthilfeorganisationen sind in der Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft Selbsthilfe (BAG SELBSTHILFE) zusammengeschlossen, und mehr als 120 weitere gehören der Allianz chronischer seltener Erkrankungen (ACHSE) an. In etwa 350 Kontaktstellen werden Gruppen und Interessierte vor Ort unterstützt.
Update Diagnostik und Therapie der Lungenarterienembolie
Authors: Ebner Matthias , Lankeit Mareike
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Diagnostik Die im Herbst 2019 veröffentlichte, überarbeitete ESC-Leitlinie erleichtert die rasche Identifikation von Patienten mit Hochrisiko-Lungenarterienembolie (LE) durch eine präzisierte Definition von hämodynamischer Instabilität. Bei hämodynamisch stabilen Patienten kann durch die Anwendung von risikoadaptierten D-Dimer-Grenzwerten eine unnötige CT-Bildgebung vermieden werden. Dies gilt auch für den Ausschluss einer LE in der Schwangerschaft.

Risikostratifizierung Auch bei Patienten, die anhand klinischer Scores als Niedrigrisiko-LE eingestuft werden, liefern Zeichen einer Dysfunktion des rechten Ventrikels (RV) in der Bildgebung und erhöhte Troponin-Spiegel prognostische Informationen. Klinische, laborchemische und bildgebende Parameter sollten daher bei allen Patienten mit LE zur Beurteilung des Risikos für Komplikationen in der Akutphase berücksichtigt werden.

Akuttherapie Die Ergebnisse der HoT-PE-Studie zeigen, dass Patienten mit niedrigem Risiko und fehlenden Hinweisen auf eine RV-Dysfunktion frühzeitig aus dem Krankenhaus entlassen werden können. Die Betreuung von hämodynamisch instabilen Patienten sollte durch interdisziplinäre Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams koordiniert werden.

Antikoagulation Nicht-Vitamin-K-abhängige Antagonisten (NOAKs) werden als Therapie der Wahl für die therapeutische Antikoagulation nach LE empfohlen. Die Dauer der Antikoagulation sollte mindestens 3 Monate betragen und eine verlängerte Antikoagulation für alle Patienten ohne starken auslösenden reversiblen Faktor erwogen werden. Die Dosierung von Apixaban und Rivaroxaban kann nach mindestens 6-monatiger therapeutischer Antikoagulation reduziert werden. Krebspatienten können alternativ zu niedermolekularem Heparin (NMH) mit Edoxaban (oder Rivaroxaban) behandelt werden; bei Patienten mit gastrointestinalen Tumoren muss jedoch das höhere Blutungsrisiko beachtet werden.
Neuigkeiten zur Anwendung von Humanalbumin bei Lebererkrankungen
Authors: Cremonese Carla , Uschner Frank Erhard , Trebicka Jonel
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu?

Leitliniengerechte Indikationen für den Einsatz von Humanalbumin bei Leberzirrhose Aktuelle Indikationen für eine Albumintherapie bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose sind die Prävention einer Kreislauffunktionsstörung nach Parazentese, die Prävention des hepatorenalen Syndroms (HRS) bei Patienten mit spontaner bakterieller Peritonitis (SBP) sowie das Management des HRS in Kombination mit Vasokonstriktoren. Durch eine kurzzeitige Anwendung von Albumin bei dekompensierter Leberzirrhose soll dabei eine Verbesserung des effektiven Blutvolumens erreicht werden.

Albumin als Plasmaexpander, Radikalfänger, Antioxidans und Immunmodulator Neue Daten belegen, dass Albumin sowohl den Kreislauf unterstützt als auch die systemische Inflammation senkt. Neben seiner onkotischen Funktion fungiert es als Antioxidans, Radikalfänger und Immunmodulator. Diese nicht onkotischen Eigenschaften erklären, warum eine Langzeit-Albumingabe bei Patienten mit dekompensierter Leberzirrhose möglicherweise Komplikationen vorbeugen kann und auch bei Nicht-SBP-Infektionen die ACLF-Rate (ACLF = akut-auf-chronisches Leberversagen) senkt.

Effekte auf die Kreislauffunktion und systemische Inflammation In einer aktuellen Studie verbesserte eine 12-wöchige Albumingabe (1,5 g/kg KG/Woche) bei dekompensierter Leberzirrhose die Marker der systemischen Inflammation. Diese Effekte könnten auf die Endothelfunktion sowie die antiinflammatorischen Eigenschaften des Proteins auf die Aufnahme von Albumin durch die Endothel- bzw. Immunzellen zurückgeführt werden.

Aktuelle Studien zur Langzeit-Albumintherapie Neue Daten zeigen, dass eine Langzeit-Albumintherapie bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und Aszites das Überleben verbessert, Komplikationen vorbeugt, das Management von Aszites vereinfacht und die Hospitalisierungsrate senkt. Die sogenannten Disease-modifying-Effekte einer Langzeit-Albumintherapie beeinflussen möglicherweise den Krankheitsverlauf günstig. Trotzdem sind die optimale Dosierung und Verabreichungsintervalle noch nicht endgültig definiert.
Knochenmasseverlust durch muskuläre Entlastung und Immobilisation
Authors: Felsenberg Dieter , Jakob Franz
Published: June 2020

Der Knochen ist ein vitales Gewebe, das sich ständig an die Notwendigkeiten der vorliegenden Lebensbedingungen anpasst und mit vielen Stoffwechselprozessen interagiert. Von dem Gedanken, dass der Knochen reine mechanische Stützaufgaben erfüllt, müssen wir uns lösen.

Die Muskelkraft ist der wesentliche Faktor zur Stimulation von Knochen-Aufbau und -Abbau. Die Kenntnis der molekularen und zellbiologischen Mechanismen der Interaktion von Muskel und Knochen ist von grundlegender Bedeutung, um mechanisch regulierten Knochen-Aufbau und -Abbau zu verstehen. Ein Netzwerk von Rezeptoren für das Mechanosensing, oft als Mechanostat bezeichnet, regelt die Anpassung des Knochens auf Größe und Richtung der Kraft und kann unter anderem beeinflusst werden durch lokale Wachstums- und Differenzierungsfaktoren, Hormone und Ernährung. Um eine Vorstellung davon zu bekommen, welche Kräfte auf den Knochen einwirken und wie groß der Beitrag externer Kräfte auf die Knochen-Verformung und die resultierenden Adaptations-Mechanismen ist, werden Rechenexemplare zur Berechnung der diversen Kräfte vorgestellt.

Aus den Bed-Rest-Studien im Rahmen des Marsprojektes der ESA haben wir viel über die Regelmechanismen, die therapeutischen Interventionsstrategien und die diagnostischen Notwendigkeiten gelernt. Die quantitativen Knochenmessverfahren liefern eine grobe Übersicht über die Entwicklung der Knochenmasse, wenn mit DXA gemessen wird und eine weitergehende Information zur Knochenmaterialeigenschaft mithilfe der Bestimmung der Knochendichte (pQCT-Messungen) und zur Knochengeometrie. Eine sehr hilfreiche zusätzliche Information zum Knochenmetabolismus können wir durch Bestimmung der Knochenmarker, wie P1NP, CTX, Sclerostin, Osteocalcin, knochenspezifische alkalische Phosphatase, TRAP5b), erhalten. Das Muskel-Training zur Verhinderung des Muskel- und Knochenverlusts bei fehlender Schwerkraft und bei Immobilisation sollte ein anaerobes Widerstandstraining der Muskulatur beinhalten, wobei der Einsatz eines seitalternierenden Vibrationstrainingsgerätes noch einen zusätzlichen Effekt erzielt.
Kardiale Biomarker und COVID-19-Phänotypen und Interpretation
Authors: Salbach Christian , Giannitsis Evangelos
Published: June 2020

Was ist neu

Phänotypisierung und Risikostratifizierung bei COVID-19 Die aktuelle COVID-19-Erkrankung verläuft in 3 Stadien. Einige Serum-Biomarker können einem der 3 Stadien zugeordnet werden und es besteht ein Zusammenhang mit der Mortalität. Laborwerte können insbesondere bei serieller Erfassung helfen, Aussagen zur Schwere der Erkrankung und Prognose zu liefern. In Zukunft könnten diese dann ggf. zur Steuerung der Therapie genutzt werden.

COVID-19-kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Myokardschaden Biomarker von Myokardschaden (high-sensitives kardiales Troponin, hs-cTn) oder hämodynamischem Stress (NT-proBNP) können bei COVID-19, wie bei anderen Pneumonien, auftreten und korrelieren mit der Schwere und Prognose der Grunderkrankung. Bei hospitalisierten Patienten mit COVID-19 erklären sich milde Erhöhungen von hs-cTn oder NT-proBNP durch deren kardiovaskuläre Komorbidität und durch die direkte oder indirekte akute Herzschädigung bzw. den Stress durch und während der COVID-19-Pneumonie. Bei gegebenem Verdacht auf einen Nicht-ST-Hebungsinfarkt und COVID-19 sollte eine sorgfältige Abwägung der Indikation für eine Echokardiografie und invasive Diagnostik gegen das Risiko der Kontamination abgewogen werden.
The Pharmacokinetics of Fluticasone Furoate Given Intranasally in
Healthy Subjects Using an Ultra-Sensitive Analytical Assay
Authors: Bouhajib Mohammed , Tayab Zia
Published: June 2020

Purpose It has been previously shown that the complete pharmacokinetic
profile, in particular the elimination phase, of intranasal fluticasone furoate
has not been fully characterized due to the inability to quantify concentrations
at low enough levels. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic
profile of intranasal FF using a validated, ultra-sensitive analytical method in
healthy subjects.

Methods This was an open-label, single-dose, two-period, one-treatment,
crossover study. A dose of 880 µg fluticasone furoate was
administered intra nasally. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were
collected at 23 time points up to 36 h and analyzed for FF plasma levels
using a lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 0.1 pg/mL. Medical
and adverse events (AE) were monitored throughout the study.

Results Eighteen subjects were enrolled in and 17 completed the study.
The results showed that all 17 subjects had measurable fluticasone furoate
plasma concentrations at all time points with a clearly defined elimination
phase, thus allowing estimation of AUCinf and
t1/2. Median Tmax was 1.33 h
(range=0.75–6.00), mean Cmax was
13.05±7.59 pg/mL, mean AUCt was
148.48±77.76 pg/mL*h, mean AUCinf was
279.07±187.81 pg/mL*h, and mean
t1/2 was 31.67±29.23 h. In total 4
subjects (22.2%) experienced 4 AEs.

Conclusion Using a lower LLOQ than what has been previously reported, a
complete characterization of intranasal fluticasone furoate pharmacokinetics,
including a clearly defined terminal elimination phase, was achieved. This
method will allow for further investigations into the pharmacokinetics of
fluticasone furoate.
Increase in the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio relates to Injury Risk
in Competitive Runners
Authors: Dijkhuis Talko Bernhard , Otter Ruby , Aiello Marco , Velthuijsen Hugo , Lemmink Koen
Published: June 2020

Injuries of runners reduce the ability to train and hinder competing. Literature
shows that the relation between potential risk factors and injuries are not
definitive, limited, and inconsistent. In team sports, workload derivatives were
identified as risk factors. However, there is an absence of literature in
running on workload derivatives. This study used the workload derivatives acute
workload, chronic workload, and acute: chronic workload ratios to investigate
the relation between workload and injury risk in running. Twenty-three
competitive runners kept a daily training log for 24 months. The runners
reported training duration, training intensity and injuries. One-week (acute)
and 4-week (chronic) workloads were calculated as the average of training
duration multiplied by training intensity. The acute:chronic workload ratio was
determined dividing the acute and chronic workloads. Results show that a
fortnightly low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.10–0.78)
led to an increased risk of sustaining an injury (p<0.001). Besides, a
low increase of the acute:chronic workload ratio (0.05–0.62) between the
second week and third week before an injury showed an association with increased
injury risk (p=0.013). These findings demonstrate that the acute:chronic
workload ratio relates to injury risk.
Differentiation between Cistus L. (Sub-) Species (Cistaceae) Using NMR Metabolic Fingerprinting
Authors: Moosmang Simon , Sturm Sonja , Novak Johannes , Lukas Brigitte , Stuppner Hermann
Published: June 2020

The genus Cistus is taxonomically complex, as taxonomic classification of individual species based on morphological criteria is often difficult and ambiguous. However, specific species contain valuable natural products, especially terpenoids and polyphenols, which exert various biological effects and might therefore be used for treatment of a broad array of disorders. Hence, a fast and reliable method for clear identification of different Cistus (sub-) species is required. Approaches for analysis of secondary metabolite profiles, e.g., with NMR, might remedy the challenging classification of Cistus (sub-) species and help to identify specific markers for differentiation between them. In the present study, 678 samples from wild-growing Cistus populations, including 7 species and 6 subspecies/varieties thereof, were collected in 3 years from populations in 11 countries all over the Mediterranean basin. Samples were extracted with buffered
aqueous methanol and analysed with NMR. From the resulting 1D-1H-NOESY and J-Res profile spectra, marker signals or spectral regions for the individual (sub-) species were identified with multivariate statistical tools. By examining the NMR profiles of these extracts, we were able to identify discriminators and specific markers for the investigated Cistus (sub-) species. Various influencing factors, like (sub-) species, wild harvestings of different populations from several countries, numerous collection sites, different years, and cultivation in greenhouses have been considered in this work. As the here identified markers are independent from these influencing factors, the results can be considered a robust model and might be used for future differentiation between Cistus (sub-) species.
α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Depsidones from the Lichen Parmotrema tsavoense
Authors: Duong Thuc-Huy , Hang Tai-Xuan-Hoa , Pogam Pierre Le , Tran Thanh-Nha , Mac Dinh-Hung , Dinh Minh-Hiep , Sichaem Jirapast
Published: June 2020

Chemical investigation of the lichen Parmotrema tsavoense led to the isolation of 5 new depsidones, parmosidones F – J (1 – 5). These compounds were structurally elucidated using spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS and 2D NMR data. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were evaluated for their inhibition of α-glucosidase. All exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 10.7 to 17.6 µM, which was much lower than that of the positive control acarbose (IC50 449 µM).
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic C–N Bond Coupling Reactions
Authors: Yu Wing-Yiu , Chan Chun-Ming , Chow Yip-Chi
Published: June 2020

Catalytic C–N bond formation is one of the major research topics in synthetic chemistry owing to the ubiquity of amino groups in natural products, synthetic intermediates and pharmaceutical agents. In parallel with well-established metal-catalyzed C–N bond coupling protocols, photocatalytic reactions have recently emerged as efficient and selective alternatives for the construction of C–N bonds. In this review, the progress made on photocatalytic C–N bond coupling reactions between 2012 and February 2020 is summarized.

1 Introduction

1.1 General Mechanisms for Photoredox Catalysis

1.2 Pioneering Work

2 C(sp2)–N Bond Formation

2.1 Protocols Involving an External Oxidant

2.2 Oxidant-Free Protocols

3 C(sp3)–N Bond Formation

3.1 Direct Radical–Radical Coupling

3.2 Addition Reactions to Alkenes

3.3 Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds

3.4 Decarboxylative Amination

4 Cyclization Reactions

4.1 C(sp2)–N Heterocycle Formation

4.2 C(sp3)–N Heterocycle Formation

5 Other Examples

6 Conclusion and Outlook
Metacarpophalangeal Arthrodesis with Resection-suspension Arthroplasty in First Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis
Authors: Oteo-Maldonado Jose A. , Merino-Carretero Patricia
Published: June 2020

First carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis (CMC-1) may develop first metacarpophalangeal joint hyperextension (MCP-1). We enrolled patients with CMC-1 osteoarthritis and MCP-1 hyperextension ≥40 degrees treated with resection-suspension arthroplasty and MCP-1 intramedullary arthrodesis with XMCP™ system. Minimum follow-up was five years. We evaluated: thumbinterphalangeal (IP) range ofmotion, key pinch, hand grip, Kapandji, VAS and Quick DASH. Wilcoxon test was uses for statistical analysis.

Nineteen patients were reviewed. We found improvement in key pinch, hand grip, VAS and Quick DASH; statistical difference (p < 0.05) was observed in all of them except key pinch. IF thumb range of motion and Kapandji decreased.

TMC arthrodesis with XMCP™ system associated with resection-suspension arthroplasty, as a treatment for CMC-1 osteoarthritis and MCP-1 hyperextension ≥40 degrees, achieves good functional results in the medium term.
Differential Osteoprotegerin Kinetics after Stimulation with Desmopressin and Lipopolysaccharides In Vivo
Authors: Buchtele Nina , Kovacevic Katarina D. , Brostjan Christine , Schwameis Michael , Hayden Hubert , Derhaschnig Ulla , Firbas Christa , Jilma Bernd , Schoergenhofer Christian
Published: June 2020

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) regulates bone metabolism by reducing the activation of osteoclasts, but may also be involved in blood vessel calcification and atherosclerosis. Within endothelial cells OPG is stored in Weibel–Palade bodies (WPBs). Blood kinetics of OPG are essentially unknown. We aimed to assess these using two distinct in vivo models; one after stimulation with desmopressin (DDAVP) and another after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both clinical trials were conducted at the Department of Clinical Pharmacology at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria. Participants received desmopressin (0.3 µg/kg), LPS (2 ng/kg), or placebo (sodium chloride 0.9%) with subsequent blood sampling at time points up to 24 hours after administration. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the plasma kinetics of OPG after stimulation with desmopressin and LPS. Secondary analyses included the release of other WPB contents including von Willebrand factor (vWF). This analysis included 31 healthy volunteers (n = 16 for desmopressin and placebo, n = 15 for LPS). Infusion of desmopressin did not increase OPG concentrations compared with placebo, while LPS infusion significantly increased OPG levels, both compared with desmopressin (p < 0.0001) and to placebo (p = 0.004), with a maximum of ∼twofold increase in OPG levels ∼6 hours after infusion. von Willebrand factor levels increased after both desmopressin and LPS infusion (p < 0.0001), with a maximum of ∼threefold increase 2 hours after desmopressin and a maximum of ∼twofold increase 6 hours after LPS administration. In conclusion, we report that, in contrast to vWF, OPG is not released upon stimulation with desmopressin, but increases significantly during experimental endotoxemia.
A Rare Neurological Presentation of Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Patel Vishal , Udwadia-Hegde Anaita , Hajirnis Omkar , Nemani Tarishi , Pandrowala Ambreen , Desai Mukesh , Geetha Thenral S. , Ramprasad Vedam , Kashikar Ritu
Published: June 2020

In this case report, we described a 15-year-old boy who presented with intermittent episodes of ataxia and diplopia since 6.5 years of age. Extensive workup done over several years was negative. Brain biopsy showed a neuroinflammatory disorder, and hence, differential diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids, central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, and small vessel CNS vasculitis were considered. A final diagnosis of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was made when the patient developed episodes of prolonged fever with pancytopenia much later in the course of illness and genetic workup revealed pathogenic mutations in the PRF1 gene.
Tissue engineered endometrial barrier exposed to peristaltic flow shear stresses
Authors: Elad David , Zaretsky Uri , Kuperman Tatyana , Gavriel Mark , Long Mian , Jaffa Ariel , Grisaru Dan
Published: June 2020

Cyclic myometrial contractions of the non-pregnant uterus induce intra-uterine peristaltic flows, which have important roles in transport of sperm and embryos during early stages of reproduction. Hyperperistalsis in young females may lead to migration of endometrial cells and development of adenomyosis or endometriosis. We conducted an in vitro study of the biological response of a tissue engineered endometrial barrier exposed to peristaltic wall shear stresses (PWSSs). The endometrial barrier model was co-cultured of endometrial epithelial cells on top of myometrial smooth muscle cells (MSMCs) in custom-designed wells that can be disassembled for mechanobiology experiments. A new experimental setup was developed for exposing the uterine wall in vitro model to PWSSs that mimic the in vivo intra-uterine environment. Peristaltic flow was induced by moving a belt with bulges to deform the elastic cover of a fluid filled chamber that held the uterine wall model at the bottom. The in vitro biological model was exposed to peristaltic flows for 60 and 120 min and then stained for immunofluorescence studies of alternations in the cytoskeleton. Quantification of the F-actin mass in both layers revealed a significant increase with the length of exposure to PWSSs. Moreover, the inner layer of MSMCs that were not in direct contact with the fluid also responded with an increase in the F-actin mass. This new experimental approach can be expanded to in vitro studies of multiple structural changes and genetic expressions, while the tissue engineered uterine wall models are tested under conditions that mimic the in vivo physiological environment.
Dynamic percolation of ferromagnetic regions in phase separated manganites using non-uniform electric fields
Authors: Shakya Ambika , Biswas Amlan
Published: June 2020

Thin films of the manganite (La1−yPry)1−xCaxMnO3 exhibit dynamic phase coexistence with micrometer scale, fluid-like ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) regions interspersed in a charge-order insulating background. It has been previously reported that a uniform electric field realigns the fluid-like FMM regions due to a phenomenon similar to dielectrophoresis. Here, we report that non-uniform electric fields have a stronger effect on the FMM regions as expected from the dielectrophoresis model. The dynamic percolation of the FMM regions is observed over a wider range of temperatures compared to the results in a uniform field. Additionally, in a non-uniform electric field, the time required for dynamic percolation along the magnetic hard axis (tB) decreased with increasing applied voltage (VA) as a power law, VA−δ, with δ≈5 while δ<2 for a uniform electric field. Our results in a non-uniform electric field provide strong evidence in favor of the dielectrophoresis model and a unique method for manipulating micrometer-sized ferromagnetic regions using electric fields.
Relativistic short-range exchange energy functionals beyond the local-density approximation
Authors: Paquier Julien , Giner Emmanuel , Toulouse Julien
Published: June 2020

We develop relativistic short-range exchange energy functionals for four-component relativistic range-separated density-functional theory using a Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian in the no-pair approximation. We show how to improve the short-range local-density approximation exchange functional for large range-separation parameters by using the on-top exchange pair density as a new variable. We also develop a relativistic short-range generalized-gradient approximation exchange functional that further increases the accuracy for small range-separation parameters. Tests on the helium, beryllium, neon, and argon isoelectronic series up to high nuclear charges show that the latter functional gives exchange energies with a maximal relative percentage error of 3%. The development of this exchange functional represents a step forward for the application of four-component relativistic range-separated density-functional theory to chemical compounds with heavy elements.
Ground states of two-component Bose–Einstein condensates passing an obstacle
Authors: Xu Liangshun
Published: June 2020

This paper is concerned with two-component Bose–Einstein condensates with both attractive intraspecies and interspecies interactions passing an obstacle in a plane, which can be described by the ground states of the nonlinear Schrödinger system defined in an exterior domain Ω=R2\ω, with ω⊂R2 being a bounded smooth convex domain. Under the assumption that the trapping potentials Vi(x) for i = 1, 2 attain their global minima only on the whole boundary ∂Ω, the existence, non-existence, and limiting behavior of ground states for the system are studied. When intraspecies interactions a1 and a2 satisfy 0 < a1, a2 < a* and interspecies interaction β satisfies 0 < β < β* by the delicate energy analysis, an optimal blow-up rate for ground states is also given as β ↗ β*, where β*=a*+(a*−a1)(a*−a2), a*≔‖Q‖22, and Q is the unique positive solution of ΔQ − Q + Q3 = 0 in R2.
Theory-based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with large eddy simulation capability for separated turbulent flow simulations
Authors: Heinz Stefan , Mokhtarpoor Reza , Stoellinger Michael
Published: June 2020

The prediction and investigation of very high Reynolds number turbulent wall flows pose a significant challenge: experimental studies and large eddy simulation (LES) are often inapplicable to these flows, and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods often fail to characterize the essential flow characteristics, in particular, for separated flows. These facts explain the need for the development of hybrid RANS-LES methods. The predominant approach to deal with this question is the combination of RANS and LES equation elements. This often implies shortcomings in simulations: the lack of control of modeled and resolved motions, which are involved in hybrid simulations, can lead to inconsistencies and imbalances. A novel approach based on a theoretical solution to the latter problem (referred to as continuous eddy simulation method) is investigated here via simulations of periodic hill flows (involving flow separation and reattachment) for a range of very high Reynolds numbers. We study the mechanism and simulation performance of these new hybrid methods. The results presented demonstrate their excellent performance and advantages to differently designed hybrid methods. We also consider the reliability of flow predictions for which data for model validation are unavailable. Criteria for the reliability of such hybrid simulations are suggested. It is shown that the new hybrid method satisfy these criteria for reliable flow predictions. The results indicate the existence of an asymptotic flow regime far above Reynolds numbers that can be realized in experimental studies and resolved LES.
Epitaxial growth of SrCaTiO3 films on GaN by molecular beam epitaxy with a TiO2 buffer layer
Authors: Jin E. N. , Lang A. C. , Hardy M. T. , Nepal N. , Katzer D. S. , Storm D. F. , Downey B. P. , Meyer D. J.
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate the epitaxial growth of (111)-oriented Sr1 − xCaxTiO3 (SCTO) thin films on (0002) GaN using a thin (100) TiO2 buffer layer by RF-plasma-assisted oxide molecular beam epitaxy. We explore the growth window of SCTO for both x = 0 (i.e., SrTiO3) and x = 0.24 with various TiO2 buffer layer thicknesses and find that a substrate temperature of 650 °C and TiO2 thickness of 1 nm produce the highest quality films, as determined by reflection high energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. SCTO films deposited without a buffer layer are polycrystalline, confirming the necessity of the TiO2 buffer layer to facilitate (111)-oriented epitaxial growth of SCTO on GaN. Transmission electron microscopy performed on the samples shows that the SCTO films grown with a TiO2 buffer layer are highly textured, and selected-area electron diffraction patterns indicate that some domains in the oxide exhibit cation ordering along the (111) direction. We also show that the growth mode changes from 2D to 3D as the thickness of SCTO increases past 10 nm, which leads to film relaxation and a rougher surface morphology.
Isomerization and decomposition reactions of acetaldehyde relevant to atmospheric processes from dynamics simulations on neural network-based potential energy surfaces
Authors: Käser Silvan , Unke Oliver T. , Meuwly Markus
Published: June 2020

Acetaldehyde (AA) isomerization [to vinylalcohol (VA)] and decomposition (into either CO + CH4 or H2 + C2H2O) are studied using a fully dimensional, reactive potential energy surface represented as a neural network (NN). The NN, trained on 432 399 reference structures from MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations, has a mean absolute error of 0.0453 kcal/mol and a root mean squared error of 1.186 kcal mol−1 for a test set of 27 399 structures. For the isomerization process AA → VA, the minimum dynamical path implies that the C–H vibration and the C–C–H (with H being the transferring H-atom) and the C–C–O angles are involved to surmount the 68.2 kcal/mol barrier. Using an excess energy of 93.6 kcal/mol—the typical energy available in the solar spectrum and sufficient to excite to the first electronically excited state—to initialize the molecular dynamics, no isomerization to VA is observed on the 500 ns time scale. Only with excess energies of ∼127.6 kcal/mol (including the zero point energy of the AA molecule), isomerization occurs on the nanosecond time scale. Given that collisional quenching times under tropospheric conditions are ∼1 ns, it is concluded that formation of VA following photoexcitation of AA from actinic photons is unlikely. This also limits the relevance of this reaction pathway to be a source for formic acid.