bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE BOYS’ NEED TO FOR SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION IN THE INTERNET
Authors: Bilbokaitė Renata
Published: May 2021

The term visualization is defined as representation of images but this is only a brief explanation because the term encompasses all kinds of represented information in various forms of codes. Priority in information codes has shifted from verbal codes to visual codes. A computer screen has enabled an individual to see invisible and difficult objects and made cognitive and social processes easier. Visualization tools have the strongest position among other teaching/learning tools because of such features as complex 3D, spatial relationships, parameters of moving objects and comprehensible representation of images. Visualization takes into account schoolchildren’s perceptive and cognitive abilities including visual thinking and meta-cognition. The previous authors’ researches results enclosed that there were statisti-cally significant differences between two main categories that showed that boys more than girls used searches for visualization in the internet. According to this, there is a question – what has influenced this difference? The aim is to find out boys’ opinion why they are searching for visualization more than girls. The results enclose that the boys more frequently search for visualizations in the inter-net than girls. There were found out two main reasons that explained stated data. Search for visualization was used for learning purposes and for meeting their requirements. In firstly, boys want to have a deeper knowledge, also, they identify that visualization stimulates their cognitive processes and motivation too. Secondly, boys are noisy than girls during the lessons, they do not concentrate them selves to themes and mostly, often do not listen to the teacher. According to this, at home they feel lack of knowledge and want to compensate this by searching for visual information. Also, boys feel pleasure when they are searching in the inter-net. Key words: science education, visualization, need.
COMICS: A TOOL FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE
Authors: Santana Edson Rodrigues , Arroio Agnaldo
Published: May 2021

Scientific knowledge is a social construction gained over time; however it is possible that students do not have that understanding. According to Carvalho (2001) is possible that scientific concepts in many cases are not articulated to the daily lives of students and issues of social context. Based on an action research this work tries to detach the importance of making proposals of activities that bring together the scientific concepts with daily life is-sues of students.
For this purpose we used the information and communication technologies, focused on the production of comics supported by computers. The problem presented to students was about the processes of soil sealing and the consequences for cities such as floods and droughts. The result allowed students to reflect in pairs and with teachers about these prob-lems for their lives.
Students were encouraged by the use of computers in a social context to articulated scientific concepts to communicate science.
While the comics produced by students supported teachers to understand the process of student learning allowing the mediation’s inferences in Natural Science Education.
Key words: comics, cultural tool, environmental issues, ICT.
El problema del Déficit de Reconocimiento dentro de las instituciones de enseñanza secundaria del Uruguay
Authors: Gambini Marcelo
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se propone realizar un estudio sobre el problema del déficit de reconocimiento dentro delas instituciones de Educación Secundaria del Uruguay, a partir de la lectura de Hegel (1805-1806/1984; 2015) y Honneth (2009), bajo el entendido de que es posible comprender el problema del mal funcionamiento de las instituciones de Educación Secundaria como una patología de lo social. En tanto los problemas de estas instituciones remiten a un déficit en la racionalidad que las orienta, ello afecta la gramática de reconocimiento intersubjetivo (docente-estudiante), dando lugar a un déficit de reconocimiento de la autoridad docente y de aquellos estudiantes que no se adecuan a las exigencias institucionales.
Fibromyalgia and Headaches
Authors: Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto Sampaio
Published: May 2021

Fibromyalgia is characterized for chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain for which no tissue inflammation or damage can be identified. This review aims to examine the studies on fibromyalgia and headache focusing on prevalence, pathophysiology and clinical features. Population studies show that fibromyalgia is a comorbidity of migraine and tension-type headache. Fibromyalgia prevalence in migraine and tension-type headache patients from headache and pain clinics varies from 9.8% to 35.6% and from 35% to 59%, respectively. Chronic forms of migraine and tensiontype headache show a high frequency of fibromyalgia comorbidity and central sensitization could be the link among these conditions. Patients with primary headaches and fibromyalgia have a higher impact of both conditions.
Are cervical muscles involved in migraine and tension-type headache pathogenesis? A review
Authors: Silva Débora Wanderley Bezerra e , Maia Thaís Ferreira Lopes Dinis , Almeida Camila Caroline Silva de , Lacerda Carlanne do Rêgo Barros , Albuquerque Juliana Elias de , Costa Neto Joaquim José de Souza , Siqueira Gisela Rocha , Moura Filho Alberto Galvão de , Belo Luciana Rodrigues , Oliveira Daniella Araújo de
Published: May 2021

Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) physiopathology is still unclear and controversial. According to researches, there is an association between these primary headaches and musculoskeletal dysfunctions of deep and superficial cervical flexor muscles. Therefore, it is possible to suspect that these structural and behavioral muscles dysfunction are associated with migraine and CTT pathogenesis, causing some changes in head and neck biomechanics, as well as limitations in cervical mobility. Thus, the need for more information required a review of more relevant studies to clarify the role of neck muscles in migraine and CTT pathogenesis, in order to support and direct the nonpharmacological treatment of patients with headache and muscular disorders. The Pubmed, Cochrane and Bireme databases were searched, between January/2012 and June/ 2013, using the keywords: 'migraine disorders', 'tension-type headache', 'neck muscles', 'ultrasound', 'electromyography'. The selection identified 73 articles, of which 8 were excluded according to the eligibility criteria. Evidences suggest the existence of a cause and effect relationship between cervical structures and migrainous and TTH pain, indicating that both peripheral and central mechanisms of sensitization are involved. However, most of these studies are based on experimental animal models, which have different painprocessing systems from humans. Furthermore, the methodological aspects decrease the strength of evidence found in their results.
XXVII Congresso Brasileiro de Cefaleia
Authors: Medicine Headache
Published: May 2021

Resumos
Headache? It is not one, they are many!
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

Editorial
Síndrome serotoninérgica e as triptanas
Authors: Almeida Roldão Faleiro de , Kowacs Fernando
Published: May 2021

A síndrome serotoninérgica (SS) é uma reação adversa decorrente da ação combinada de duas ou mais drogas serotoninérgicas, ou até mesmo de uma única droga, que pode colocar em risco a vida do paciente. Esta condição é uma reação tóxica aguda às substâncias que realçam a atividade serotoninérgica em certas sinapses do sistema nervoso central e periférico. O quadro clínico da SS é constituído pela tríade: alteração do estado mental, hiperatividade autonômica e anormalidades neuromusculares. A sua severidade varia de casos leves a casos fatais. Esta síndrome tem início rápido e curso, geralmente autolimitado, melhorando assim que a medicação envolvida é retirada. Em 2006, o FDA (Food and Drug Administration, órgão regulador do governo norteamericano) emitiu um alerta sobre a possibilidade da SS ocorrer em pacientes que fazem uso combinado de triptanas e inibidores seletivos da recaptação da serotonina ou inibidores seletivos da recaptação da noradrenalina e serotonina (os chamados inibidores duais). No entanto, a despeito desta declaração, os dados parecem ser insuficientes para que se possa dizer se esta combinação, de fato, aumenta o risco da ocorrência desta síndrome.
Protrusão da cabeça em adultos com cefaleia
Authors: Ferracini Gabriela Natália , Speciali José Geraldo
Published: May 2021

Justificativa e objetivos: Algumas disfunções musculoesqueléticas da região crânio-cervical, como protrusão da cabeça, diminuição da mobilidade cervical e os pontos gatilhos miofasciais, têm sido estudados nos indivíduos com cefaleias. A protrusão da cabeça parece ser uma postura antálgica e um fator perpetuador das cefaleias, e não um fator causativo. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura as alterações posturais da coluna cervical e do posicionamento do crânio em indivíduos com cefaleia. Conteúdo: Conduziuse uma busca sistemática nos bancos de dados bibliográficos Pubmed (National Library of Medicine) e Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), para identificar estudos científicos relevantes. Após análise de 51 artigos científicos encontrados, 8 preencheram os critérios estabelecidos, sendo selecionados para essa revisão, totalizando 314 indivíduos, 128 com diagnóstico de cefaleia do tipo tensional crônica, 51 com cefaleia do tipo tensional episódica, 20 com migrânea e 115 indivíduos sem cefaleia. Conclusão: Os resultados dos estudos revisados sugerem que os indivíduos com migrânea e cefaleia do tipo tensional (episódica e crônica) apresentam mais protrusão da cabeça do que os controles sem cefaleia.
The characteristic warning signs of headache associated with cerebral aneurysm
Authors: Valença Marcelo Moraes
Published: May 2021

Editorial
Reflection in alignment to professional standards: What did the student teachers highlight?
Authors: Liu Ping
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the professional development of elementary student teachers in a teacher education program. Student teaching is a process for pre-service teachers to apply learning in an authentic school context, and one critical aspect of professional development is through reflection. The participants were primarily examined through their weekly reflections on teaching and learning experiences over an eight-week period. Using the state Standards for the Teaching Profession as a framework, the student teachers chose to reflect on topics they were most interested in exploring. Results indicated that the participants gave predominant attention to classroom management; the standards that received the least reflection were organizing curriculum and planning instruction. Analysis of the reflection journals also revealed how the student teachers grew as individuals and in interaction with others in a learning community. Based on the results, implications for teacher education are proposed. Limitations are also discussed.
Valuing the local within the global: A discourse analysis of professional development in a U.S.-Kurdish transnational university partnership
Authors: Highley Thomas A. , Theado Connie
Published: May 2021

In an effort to support higher education in developing countries, partnerships between U.S. and international universities have surged, raising questions concerning the social equity of such linkages. Using a New Literacy Studies approach to discourse analysis, online transcripts from one such university partnership were analyzed to determine how language was used to negotiate a more equitable partnership through the adaptation of the social context of professional development activities. Discourse analysis of three relevant linguistic markers in the data suggests that cultural perspectives on professional development influenced the language choices made by university partners, reshaping the power structure toward greater social equity, and aiding in the completion of joint professional development goals. Findings underscore the importance of drawing on local knowledges in planning for and conducting transnational university partnerships.
BURNING OF FORESTS IN SNNP «BURABAY» AND WAYS TO MINIMIZE IT
Authors: АРХИПОВ Е.В. , НОВОКШОНОВ И.В. , ПАНИН И.А.
Published: May 2021

Аридизация климата, наблюдающаяся в последние десятилетия, обусловила увеличение опасности возникновения и развития лесных пожаров. Особенно это проявляется в южных районах, где лесные насаждения произрастают на границе со степью в экстремальных для них лесорастительных условиях. Уменьшение количества осадков, повышение летних температур и усиление ветра приводят к ускоренно- му высыханию напочвенных горючих материалов и, как следствие этого, повышают вероятность прихода в лесные массивы степных пожаров, а также перехода низовых лесных пожаров в верховые.
Сосновые насаждения ГНПП «Бурабай» характеризуются повышенной пожарной опасностью. В них велика вероятность перехода низовых пожаров в верховые и создания угрозы населенным пунктам. В целях совершенствования охраны лесов от пожаров проанализированы показатели фактической горимости лесов ГНПП «Бурабай» за период с 2008 по 2019 гг., а также специфика развития указанных пожаров и причины их возникновения. На основе собранных материалов предпринята попытка разработки предложений по совершенствова- нию охраны лесов от пожаров и минимизации послепожарного ущерба.

Climate aridization observed in recent decades has led to an increase in the risk of occurrence and development of forest risk. This is especially evident in the southern regions where forest stands grow on the border with the steppe in extreme for them forest growing conditions. A decrease in the amount of precipitation, an increase in summer temperatures and wind increasing leads to an accelerated drying on soil combustible materials and, as a consequence, increases probability of entering into forests steppe ﬁ res as well as transition of ground forest ﬁ res to crown ones.
Pine stands in SNNP «Burabay» are characterized by an increased ﬁ re hazard. They have a high probability of transition of ground ﬁ res upper ones and creation of a threat to settlement. In order to improve the protection of forests from ﬁ res the indicators of actual rate of forest burning in SNNP «Burabay» for the period 2009 to 2019, as well as speciﬁ c of these ﬁ res development and the causes of their occurrence were analyzed. On the basis of the collected materials an attempt was made to develop proposals for improving the protection of forests from ﬁ res and minimizing ﬁ re hazardous damage.
Reducing spectator violence in Zimbabwe’s Premier Soccer League
Authors:   , Dube Donwell
Published: May 2021

The Zimbabwean soccer scene has continued to be dogged by the problem of increasing spectator violence despite the calls and efforts of various stakeholders to reduce it. The efforts to deal with the problem have had little effect and this has affected the game negatively in many aspects. Through a participatory action research design the study sought to explore the nature, causes, and effects of the violence. The study also sought to establish how the spectators could be engaged in the efforts to reduce the violence. The study was informed by Galtung’s violence theory and Lederach’s conflict transformation theory. Through the participation of members a local soccer supporters’ club the study found that violence manifests in various forms in and that the causes of violence are many. Some of the causes of violence are psychological while some are systemic. The participants in the study were able to run a workshop on violence which was regarded as a necessary first step in the fight against spectator violence. Another important finding was that participatory action research can indeed be used effectively to address the issue of spectator violence. The study goes on to present recommendations based on the findings. One of the recommendations made is that an infrastructure for reducing spectator violence be established by the various stakeholders involved in soccer
Prosedur Clearance In Dan Clearance Out Kapal Tanker Milik PT. Pertamina (Persero) Oleh PT. Pertamina Trans Kontinental Cabang Merak Banten Di Pelabuhan Tanjung Gerem Merak Banten
Authors: Mulyawan Eka , Nurwansyah Firman , Diarto Adeng
Published: May 2021

Tugas  dari  perusahaan  pelayaran,  PT.  Pertamina  Trans  Kontinental  Cabang  Merak  Banten  yaitu  mengurus dokumen  Clearance  In  dan  Clearance  Out  kapal  yang  akan  sandar  dan  melakukan  bongkar/muat  barang  di pelabuhan Tanjung Gerem. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan prosedur Clearance In dan Clearance Out kapal tanker di pelabuhan Tanjung Gerem Merak Banten dan untuk mengetahui instansi-instansi terkait dalam operasional  keagenan kapal  di  pelabuhan Tanjung  Gerem  Merak  Banten.  Metode  yang dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data adalah Metode observasi atau pengamatan, interview atau wawancara, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Sebagai Agen pelayaran wajib mengetahui prosedur Clearance In dan Clearance Out Kapal, karena kegiatan tersebut adalah kegiatan inti dari operasional perusahaan pelayaran yang bergerak di bidang keagenan. Dokumen-dokumen kapal tanker  yang diperlukan untuk prosedur Clearance In dan Clearance Out diantaranya dokumen returnable (dokumen yang selalu berada diatas kapal tanker atau menyertai kapal tanker), dokumen muat dan instansi-instansi yang terkait dalam proses keagenan di Pelabuhan Tanjung Gerem Merak Banten antara lain : Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas 1 Banten, Kantor Bea dan Cukai / Kepabeanan, PT.Pelabuhan Indonesia II Cabang Merak, Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas 1 Banten (Health And Quarantine).
Peranan Perusahaan Pelayaran Dalam Rangka Kelancaraan Pengurusan Perpanjangan Sertifikat Kapal Di Pelabuhan Merak Banten
Authors: Fatah Abdul , Sukiman Sukiman , Ramdhani Fathurachman Egi
Published: May 2021

Vessel restoration and transfer are carried out in several activities that have been determined by the agency together with the ship's management and must be submitted to the ship. In this case, PT. Menara Lintas Samudera Makmur as support in maritime development in terms of certificates, which are shipping legality documents such as National Identity Letters, Measuring Letters, Eligible Certificates, Embossed Hull Certificates, Lists of Ships, Radio Safety Certificates, Transportation Vessels Safety Certificates. To receive this data, the authors make a qualitative method by direct observation, then interviews with relevant parties, and the literature to complete the receive. Then the procedure for terminating the validity of the ship's certificate and its accompanying documents. Ship \ Harbor Extension Office or Port Authority and Port Authority Office, with functions. So supporting activities at the port is very important, in order to smooth the management of ship certificates, the process of managing ship certificates, then PT. Menara Lintas Samudera Makmur must establish good cooperation with the KSOP Office with the Inspector of the Sea.

Keywords : Certificate, Legality of shipping operations, Marine Inspector

ABSTRAKPenyandaran dan keberangkatan kapal dilakukan ada beberapa kegiatan yang telah di tetapkan oleh pihak keagenan bersama dengan pihak pengelola dermaga dan harus disampaikan kepada pihak kapal. Dalam hal ini PT. Menara Lintas Samudera Makmur sebagai penunjang dalam pembangunan kemaritiman dalam hal sertifikat, yang merupakan dokumen legalitas oprasional pelayaran seperti Surat Tanda Kebangsaan, Surat Ukur, Sertifikat Layak, Sertifikat Lambung Timbul, Daftar Anak Buah Kapal, Sertifikat Keamanan Radio, Sertifikat Keselamatan Kapal Barang. Untuk memperoleh data tersebut penulis melakukan metode kualitatif dengan cara Observasi atau pengamatan langsung, kemudian wawancara dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait, dan Kepustakaan untuk melengkapi penulisan. Kemudian prosedur pengurusan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal yang masa berlakunya habis serta dokumen yang menyertainya. Instansi pengurusan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal atau Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan, dengan fungsi. Maka penunjang kegiatan di pelabuhan peranan keagenan sangat penting, dalam rangka kelancaran pengurusan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal, Proses pengurusan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal, maka PT. Menara Lintas Samudera Makmur harus menjalin kerja sama yang baik dengan Kantor KSOP terutama dengan pihak Marine Inspector.

Kata Kunci : Sertifikat, Legalitas operasional pelayaran, Marine Inspector
ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ПРИВЛЕКАТЕЛЬНОСТИ КАРАБАХСКОГО РЕГИОНА АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНА И ПУТИ ИХ РЕШЕНИЯ
Authors: Гусейнова Нурия , Яхьяева Айнура , Алиев Шафа
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы повышения инвестиционной привлекательности Карабахского региона Азербайджана и пути их решения. Анализированы и оценены потенциальные возможности и перспективы усиления восстановительных работ в Карабахе после войны. Рассмотрены проблемы возрождения освобождённых территорий от армянских оккупантов. Обоснована инвестиционная привлекательность Карабахского региона в контексте природного и экономического потенциала. Дан ряд предложений и рекомендаций по активизации привлечения потенциальных инвесторов для участия в возрождении региона в ближайшей перспективе.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ОБЛІКУ В УМОВАХ АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЇ
Authors: Слєсар Тетяна , Шара Євгенія
Published: May 2021

Розглянуто етапи інформаційних технологій в процесі організації облікового процесу в автоматизованій системі обробки інформації. Представлено послідовність організації облікового процесу, яка дозволяє інтегрувати інформаційні ресурси усіх підрозділів підприємства у єдину базу даних.
COMPERISON OF “OLD” AND “NEW” ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS IN PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA AND DIABETS MELLITUS 2 TYPE AS INFLAMMATORY CHANGES MARKERS
Authors: Makharynska Olena , Tokareva Ievgeniia
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate “old” (WBC count) and “new” inflammatory biomarkers in hospitalized patients with non-severe community-acquired pneumonia in patients with\without Diabetes Mellitus 2 type. Materials and methods. At inclusion, clinical and laboratory parameters of pneumonia were recorded and the CRB-65 was evaluated. A total of 131 adult patients hospitalized with non-severe CAP were included in this prospective study. Levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and markers of inflammation (CRP, complete blood count) were determined at the beginning of the disease (day O) and in 48-72 hours. Results. The level of leukocytes in CBC was significantly higher in the main group at the beginning of the disease, as well after 10 ± 2 days from day 0 the number of episodes of leukocytosis > 10 · 109 / l was higher (8.5% vs. 2%, respectively, p <0,05). There was no statistically significant difference between the studied inflammatory biomarkers levels in the both groups of patients with and without concomitant diabetes. There was a tendency to a higher number of cases of "recovery" after CAP in the group with CRP levels during hospitalization ≥ 21.8 pg / ml (22% vs. 48%, p <0.1). Conclusion. It can be assumed that such a low dynamics of inflammatory markers is associated with involutive changes in the immune system due to older age of the patients included in the study and the influence of DM on the immune system reactivity in the CAP with concomitant DM 2 type with immune response suppression can also explain absence of significant difference in inflammatory biomarkers concentration in the groups compered in this study.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭКМО COVID-19 В ЛЕЧЕНИИ БЕРЕМЕННОЙ
Authors: Танышева Г. , Рыспаева Ж. , Дайырбеков А. , Кажибекова Г. , Қасым Мадина , Жасланкызы Арай , Кайырканова Жанар , Айткаликызы Жансая , Кумарова Назым
Published: May 2021

В данной статье представлена клиническая ситуация о том ,с какой картиной проявляется коронавирусная инфекция во время беременности, которая стала актуальной проблемой в современном мире, о том, как она влияет на течение беременности и применяемое в данном случае лечение.
ANALYSIS COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF ISKA KICKBOXERS IN THE DISCIPLINE OF K-1
Authors: Skyrta Oleh , Loshytska Tamara
Published: May 2021

The article for the first time considers the results of the analysis of the competitive activity of ISKA kickboxers in the discipline K-1. Quantitative and qualitative indicators of technical and tactical actions in attack and defense are revealed. In terms of efficiency, kicks and knees exceed the corresponding rates of punches. Protective actions by moving are used much less than protections by the hands, by the legs and by the torso
Towards a Methodology for Rethinking Modernity
Authors: Dragutinović Anica , Milovanović Aleksandra , Nikezić Ana , Ristić Trajković Jelena
Published: May 2021

There is a global aspiration for continuous improvements of teaching curricula and teaching models in the field of architectural design, especially in response to the changing context of architectural education. New research areas and thematic frameworks within it are being continuously re-introduced and becoming more process and problem-oriented. Traditional teaching approaches and established programs thus require the development of extended forms of the teaching process and learning that empowers students to develop their competencies and skills further. The basic study program at the University of Belgrade — Faculty of Architecture covers various curricula and aspects of reflection that are autonomously examined from the architectural, urban and technological level. Especially, the teaching curricula for studies of modernity, that is a thematic focus of the paper, are established within different study programs and levels of study, which very often disables logical chronology of learning and an integral consideration of the phenomenology of modernity.
Rethinking the Crit
Authors: Flynn Patrick , Dunn Miriam , Price Mark , O’Connor Maureen
Published: May 2021

Assessment in architecture and creative arts schools has traditionally adopted a ‘one size fits all’ approach by using the ‘crit’, where students pin up their work, make a presentation and receive verbal feedback in front of peers and academic staff. In addition to increasing stress and inhibiting learning, which may impact more depending on gender and ethnicity, the adversarial structure of the ‘crit’ reinforces power imbalances and thereby ultimately contributes to the reproduction of dominant cultural paradigms. Our collaboration on an alternative to the traditional model was supported by the Teaching & Learning National Seminar Series fund which helped us organise an international symposium to debate the ‘crit’ in 2016. We have recently been awarded further funding which has allowed us to pilot alternative feedback methods.
Students’ Approaches to Participation in Informal Architectural Education Environments
Authors: İmamoğlu Neslihan , Arabacıoğlu F. Pınar
Published: May 2021

There have been various paradigms, which effect the architectural practice as well as education (Salama, 1995). Environmental, social, economic, political and technological aspects of these are being often discussed in the last decades, throughout the world (Nicol, D.; Pilling, S., 2000). The way of learning and performing practice, the tools and methods that are being used for it and the spaces that these processes take place are shifting with the change of information and technology. Under these circumstances architectural education has faced difficulties in being up to date in particular about curriculum, program and physical requirements. While instant solutions give instant results, it is inevitable that rooted solutions will be encountered to keep up with this rapid change. For this reason, countless ‘informal education’ activities are being implemented, such as competitions, workshops, assemblies, forums, publications, etc.
Ways of Choosing
Authors: O’Dwyer Sarah , Gwilliam Julie
Published: May 2021

Architectural education in Ireland — as elsewhere — is a somewhat unique educational environment in that it must provide for professional requirements within its system. It must produce graduates which have demonstrated standards of knowledge, skill and competence for practice as an architect and who possess particular professional attributes. Coupled with this framework, architectural education is also required to instil in students their civic responsibilities, in being bound by professional codes of ethics to act and to build in a way that has societal values at its heart; considering the interests of society as a whole (1) to shape a better world. As such, graduates are taught to question and direct design conditions from particular points of view (2) and to create ‘good’ architecture through the application of dependable professional education (3). The content and subject matter of architectural courses must therefore be both creative and technical, freeing and curtailing, locally responsive but universally applicable.
The Hidden Spaces of Everyday Life
Authors: Pedersen Claus Peder , Akin Naime Esra
Published: May 2021

This abstract proposes to explore the — continued — relevance of everyday life to architecture in general and architectural education in particular. We want to discuss overlooked, plain, ordinary and pragmatically organised spaces, structures and events. We want to focus on how these spaces and events outside, in the margins of, or even in opposition to, architectural awareness and intentions provide a continuous source of architectural discovery and learning.
Horizons and Conscience
Authors: Platt Christopher
Published: May 2021

What world does a European student imagine as they look beyond the Academy towards their future professional life? What horizons can they see which we cannot? Does that picture engage their moral compass, tracking the pressing contemporary issues from Planetary Environmental Crisis to the fragility of the Global South? How do they, as members of an increasingly international community, navigate that moral complexity? When their own future is unclear, how can they design the human future? ‘Horizons’ could be the sixth thematic area in this conference. ‘Horizons’ is closely linked to ‘Conscience’; the former involving looking outwards and the latter involving looking inwards.
Knowledge Production at the Borderline Territory
Authors: Prpić Lovorka
Published: May 2021

Learning, like creation, takes place in relation. Life happens in the interval of matter. In the magnetic field — space-time interval of change — a new form of life is created. Intention is to explore the incentive for knowledge production dynamics in education of architects through a lens of relational phenomena. Phenomenology of the inside-outside relation in spatial perception of architecture is compared to the one in psychoanalytical dynamics.

In a culture of interconnectedness and change, architectural education is an experimental process. School-laboratory is an organized transient community of self-reflective individuals engaged within an active discovery-oriented atmosphere. Pedagogical approach is a nonhierarchical dialogue, individualized and emancipatory. Method can foster collaboration and/or induce instability; it sustains conflict, failure, and crisis. Reflective practice stimulates personality development in the process of individuation and actualization of potentials. Transformative encounter is an open process, an exchangeable relationship.
Effects of Restorative Environments on Creativity in Case of Architecture Education
Authors: Sabir Beste
Published: May 2021

Creativity is a mental process, as Andreasen (2006) describes, it happens when a thought comes up to surface in the mind, it has a complex nature and it does not happen in a tabula rasa condition, instead interaction of human thoughts with socio-cultural situations creates this phenomenon, as Portillo (1996) defines the creativity as an interconnected and multidimensional construct involving person, process, product and place (environment/ press). One of the main intentions of this paper is to address the relationship between the creativity and its supportive environment in case of architectural education which can be defined as a design study that get its origins from creativity.
Model Based Drafting
Authors: List Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Drafting and designing in architecture involve an iterative process of testing and comparing architectural thoughts and ideas. The goal of this iterative process is to find the best of several possible solutions, at each stage of the design process. To bring these architectural thoughts and ideas to reality designers need tools. Tools for discussing ideas and writing, sketching, plan drawing and model making for explaining, documenting and testing thoughts. But do the users of these tools, the designers, really know how these tools work or do the designers use these tools only out of habit? Some tools are already known for how they transport ideas, other tools are used out of behaviour without understanding their deeper impact on transporting thoughts and generating new ideas.
Uncovered
Authors: Muraj Iva
Published: May 2021

The Zagreb EAAE 2019 Annual Conference provides a unique opportunity to reflect the theme of 100-years long teaching of technical disciplines to architecture students and to present a selection of their early works created from the 1919s to the 1926s in construction courses at the Royal Technical High School of Architecture. When founded in 1919, the Zagreb Faculty of Architecture was originally named the Royal Technical High School. Until 1926 in architecture department four generations of architects were educated and altogether forty architects received the Royal Technical High School diploma. The name of the school itself meant that the educational context of construction courses was a distinct feature of the school. The teaching of technical disciplines to architecture students has long been recognized as important and challenging. In building construction courses’ syllabus students gain technical knowledge in technical drawing, building construction systems, building materials, structures, elements and detailing of construction systems.
Towards a Methodology for Rethinking Modernity
Authors: Milovanović Aleksandra , Dragutinović Anica , Ristić Trajković Jelena , Nikezić Ana
Published: May 2021

The subject of this paper is twofold (1) towards review and revision of extra-curricular learning model in the form of a student workshop as an extended environment and a reflective arena, and (2) towards generating workshop content aimed at examining modernity in contemporary conditions of urban transformation. The paper is structured in three parts. The first part introduces the concept of an architectural workshop with a discussion of general methodological perspectives that shape this approach that takes place through three continuous stages during which students develop the process of analytical thinking, architectural programming and architectural design. The second part of the paper contextually and conceptually position the content of the workshop aimed at examining modernity in contemporary conditions of urban transformation between imagined, realized, and lived space. The third section introduces the content of two student workshops as an illustrative example of the implementation of methodology with specified assignments and substance.
Between Daedalus and Ariadne
Authors: Frith Ed
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the hidden body in architectural education, and the importance of place over space (Ingold, 2012), through three body, architecture, and movement research projects, where explicitly, at the centre of the architectural investigation, is the body. In the first research project, a mapping of the body in a social environment; in the second, an environmental and spatial audit of the places of drowning across the South West of the UK for the RNLI, reveals the mental and physical pressures that the body can be under; and thirdly, an installation project in the British Pavilion in Venice, which exhibits an experiential journey of mutability between architecture and the body. The position and context of the mythological Ariadne (Colomina, 2011) versus Daedalus (McEwen, 1994) as either architect or choreographer is graduated across the projects set with the ecological context of Guattari’s, ‘Three Ecologies’ (1989)
Handprint, the Shower of Gold, and Thingness of Architecture
Authors: Ivanišin Krunoslav
Published: May 2021

Architecture is an eminently artificial human enterprise but subject to natural laws and principles residing somewhere between the mineral world and vegetation. It is eminently archaic, as the dominant epistemologies, pragmatic conditions and techniques may change, but fundamental notions, ideas and principles remain where they have been ever since the construction of the first shelter. Architecture is also eminently thingly. As a thing, every work of architecture is in opposition to our broken world of events. For better or for worse, in actual practice this opposition settles in the act of construction, as a project becomes a building: material, structure, space.
Design-Build Experience
Authors: Aydemir Ayse Zeynep
Published: May 2021

As a part of the stated curriculum of MEF University Faculty of Arts, Design and Architecture, Design and Build! Studio (DBS) is a compulsory summer programme for students completing their first year in architecture and interior design. Within the framework of Design and Build! Studio, the school communicates its set of values through emphasizing learning by doing, horizontal learning and underlining the process. This paper discusses how a design-build studio can be a distinctive hidden quality of an architecture faculty through the case of Kilyos Boathouse project conducted in Summer 2018.
Rethinking the Crit
Authors: Flynn Patrick , Dunn Miriam , Price Mark , O'Connor Maureen
Published: May 2021

Assessment in architecture and creative arts schools has traditionally adopted a ‘one size fits all’ approach by using the ‘crit’, where students pin up their work, make a presentation and receive verbal feedback in front of peers and academic staff. In addition to increasing stress and inhibiting learning, which may impact more depending on gender and ethnicity, the adversarial structure of the ‘crit’ reinforces power imbalances and thereby ultimately contributes to the reproduction of dominant cultural paradigms. Our collaboration on an alternative to the traditional model was supported by the Teaching & Learning National Seminar Series fund which helped us organise an international symposium to debate the ‘crit’ in 2016. We have recently been awarded further funding which has allowed us to pilot alternative feedback methods.
Effects of Restorative Environments on Creativity in Case of Architecture Education
Authors: Sabir Beste
Published: May 2021

Creativity is a mental process, and cognitive psychology has focused on this subject, especially in the last century. While neuroscience concentrates on creative processes; new data emerges. When we consider architectural production as a creative process, the "free association REST thinking mode" focuses on the principle of free circulating thought, allowing relaxation and free-thinking to lead to new connections (creative moments) in the brain. The paper aims to focus on how spaces affect the creative process in case of architectural education, production, and creation. If REST mode — as relaxation, meditation, and awareness — supports the process of creation, how do restorative (calming, meditative) spaces and environments affect this process as well? With this approach, students will be questioned with quantitative methods to collect data about the effects of faculty and meditative environments on the creative process.
Read Between the Walls
Authors: Shatarova Rossina
Published: May 2021

The spatial dimension of a school transforms an abstraction into a situated phenomenon. In doing so, the context intentionally or implicitly affects education. The potential impact the physical environment and the implied connotations it carries on one’s experience in and of it, is best argued by common sense. In the sense that architecture can be considered as a means to curate scenarios, anticipate and influence behaviour and even create a narrative, architecture is an agent in what composes the hidden school. In the case of educational spaces for architecture, the built environment is particularly influential as it is not only a representation of the idiosyncratic nature and program of an architecture school but also a reflection of its attitude towards the discipline and a statement about its aspirations and culture. Every aspect of an architecture school’s physical presence can be interpreted as a statement about its character and spirit, despite the fact that those analyses may be inconclusive hypotheticals. A school’s location and context can be related to both its self-awareness and its attitude towards the outside world.
Extramural but not Extracurricular
Authors: Beeson Simon
Published: May 2021

This paper considers the introduction of a Personal Development Portfolio into our assessment for architectural education. When revising out undergraduate course structure we moved to a fully integrated model, where assessment was based on a portfolio or ‘body of work’ produced during a ten-week studio project. These projects introduce, develop and integrate understanding and ability of the key knowledge and skills of the curriculum; design, communication, realisation (technology) and contextual studies. Each year of study also includes one unit where professional knowledge is also assessed. Alongside these ‘learning outcomes’ we introduced a PDP: a separate report documenting and reflecting on everything that falls outside the predicted aims of the project.
Developing Autonomous and Responsible Learners
Authors: Al Maani Dua
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the design studio, which is the core of architectural education, is to educate the students to understand the nature of design, to think independently, to act in “designerly ways”, and to become “reflective practitioners”. The student must take on a new mode of learning, in which the main way to learn is by doing, and in which there is no one correct way to approach the design problem. The previous aspects associated with the studio — together with the open-ended, exploratory, and iterative nature of the design process — place the student at the center of the learning experience. Tutors in this context are facilitators of learning, rather than knowledge experts, and are expected to pay attention to the challenges that face students in adapting to this new learning environment and in assuming a new learner identity. Hence, this study employs longitudinal mixed approaches to uncover an emic perspective of the ways architecture students conceptualize learning in their first year and what distinguishes them from students in other disciplines.
Becoming Cosmopolitan Citizens Architects
Authors: Santanicchia Massimo
Published: May 2021

This paper presents findings from fourteen qualitative interviews conducted with students of architecture from eleven schools of the Nordic Baltic Academy of Architecture (NBAA). The interviews were analysed using the abbreviated Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) method. The findings reveal that students consider a meaningful architectural education one that helps them making ethical design choices. To do so respondents indicate that schools should help students find their inner compass, develop their professional skills, and ethical attitudes to think independently and make a difference in their society and beyond. Three narratives emerge which describe the multiple roles of an architect in our society: the dissident intellectual, the ethical professional, and the storyteller. On the basis of these findings and with the support of the work of Henry Giroux “Critical Theory and Rationality in Citizenship Education” and Martha Nussbaum “Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism”, a framework referred to as “Cosmopolitan Citizenship Architecture Education” is developed.
Welcome
Authors: Russell Peter
Published: May 2021

To keep up, adapt and challenge our education and research profiles and prepare our staff and students to tackle with a multifaceted and ever transforming world, we all have the increasing need of sharing thoughts and experiences on how to operate between existing knowledge and today’s questions in order to envision and construct a bright future. This conference is therefore a great opportunity to explore and discuss together about the role of our institutions and the new frontiers of our discipline.
Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Menurut Ibnu Miskawaih
Authors: Miswar Miswar
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze Ibn Miskawaih's thoughts on moral education. This research uses qualitative methods with a literature-based approach. Data collection was carried out by exploring Ibn Miskawaih's thoughts as contained in his works, the main data sources came from his work of tahzibul Akhlak, and the supporting data sources came from other works, and books and journals related to his thoughts. The results showed that according to Ibn Miskawaih, morals are mental states that invite someone to do actions without thinking and being taken into account. So that it can be used as human nature and the results of the actions that have been done, become self-righteousness that can give birth to good khuluq. Miskawaih was not only a philosopher but he was a moralist, writer, chemist, historian. So that the work that he produces is not only about one scientific aspect. According to Ibn Miskawayh, the goal of moral education is the realization of an inner attitude that is able to spontaneously encourage the birth of all righteous deeds to achieve perfection and obtain true and perfect happiness. The goal of moral education formulated by Ibn Miskawaih is the realization of an inner attitude that is able to spontaneously induce all actions of good value. So as to achieve perfection and obtain true happiness that is perfect and complete.
Revitalisasi Implementasi Kurikulum Pendidikan
Authors: Fahmi Fauzi , Bitasari Wahyu
Published: May 2021

This study aims to analyze the revitalization of curriculum implementation in formal educational institutions. This research uses qualitative research methods based on literature study. Sources of data used in this study are various government policies related to the education curriculum in Indonesia, especially government policies concerning the 2013 curriculum. Data analysis was carried out by analyzing descriptive analytic data. The results of this study indicate that: 1) curriculum implementation includes: a) program development, b) learning implementation, and c) evaluation. 2) Preparation from teachers and school authorities, namely: a) Readiness of material can be in the form of readiness such as curriculum tools, school infrastructure, financial elements, and elements of the school environment. b) Non-material readiness can be in the form of reliable and professional educational staff (principals/ teachers), readiness of employees and readiness of elements of students and parents of students.