bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The incidence of acute lower limb thrombosis, in symptomatic patients detected with ultrasound, with consideration of recent COVID‐19 vaccination or infection
Authors: Jardine Emma , McLean Glenda
Published: June 2023

Introduction

After the COVID‐19 vaccination roll out began in March 2021 patients began presenting to a Victorian Emergency Department with lower limb pain following their vaccination. As a result, radiology requests for ultrasound examinations, to exclude post vaccination deep vein thrombosis (DVT) began appearing.

Method

A retrospective search of lower limb venous ultrasound examinations was undertaken for a 1‐year period from March 2021 to February 2022. Patients were included in the study if they had a clinical indication of having been referred following COVID‐19 vaccination. Bivariate analysis was conducted, using logistic regression, to determine the strength of association between independent variables (i.e., age, gender, vaccination status, and COVID‐19 diagnosis) and dependent variables (i.e., a diagnosis of DVT and superficial vein thrombosis [SVT]).

Results

The study found 1627 examinations had a lower limb venous ultrasound examination over the study period. Ultrasound was positive for acute DVT in 218/1627 examinations (13.4%). 104/1627 (6.4%) presented for ultrasound following COVID‐19 vaccination. Six of these were found to have acute lower limb DVT detected. The association between post vaccination and DVT was an odds ratio (OR) of 0.379 (95% CI 0.164–0.874, p = .023). All examinations that were diagnosed with acute thrombus had recently received AstraZeneca (AZ) (Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1‐S/nCoV‐19) vaccine. Four examinations were diagnosed with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) post recent COVID‐19 vaccination. One patient was diagnosed with Vaccine Induced Thrombosis with Thrombocytopenia after their first dose of AZ.

Conclusion

This study found 6/1627 (0.37%) lower limb venous ultrasound examinations, over a 1‐year period, were positive for acute DVT after COVID‐19 vaccination. The results showed post vaccination examinations were less likely to be diagnosed with a DVT than the population referred who had not had recent vaccination.
Optimization of Extraction of Pectin from Valencia “Midknight” Orange Peels with Citric Acid Solution
Authors: Bogdanoff Nicolas M. , Iribarren A. Oscar , Stechina Eliseo Damián , Mascheroni Rodolfo Horacio , Caicedo Chacon Wilson Daniel
Published: June 2023

The extraction of pectin from Valencia “Midknight” orange peels with a citric acid solution is experimentally studied, and these data are used to model and then optimize the process. The experimental data reported are the pectinesterase activity as a function of blanching time, the moisture of orange peel as a function of drying time, and the amount of pectin extracted as a function of extraction time at different ratios of citric acid solution to orange peel. These data permit finding the equilibrium and kinetics parameters of the extraction model, such as the diffusivity of pectin through the peel D = 3.0375 × 10−11 m2 s−1. Then, the model is used to optimize the extraction variables: the optimal extent of extraction is located on an upper bound imposed on the extraction time, which must not exceed 1 h due to product quality considerations and the optimal ratio of solution to solids is R = 15.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Algae: 24
Authors: Andersen Robert A.
Published: June 2023

The name Stenokalyx (Chrysophyceae) is not recommended for conservation against the name Stenocalyx (Myrtaceae). The name Mallomonas caudata is not recommended for conservation against the name M. fastigata (Chrysophyceae).
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Bryophytes: 14
Authors: Klazenga Niels
Published: June 2023

The following two names of bryophytes are recommended for conservation: Oreas Brid. against Oreas Cham. & Schltdl. and Ptychomitrium against Ulophyllum. Also, the vascular plant name Distichia Nees & Meyen is recommended for conservation against the bryophyte name Distichia (Brid.) Brid. Conservation of the name Plagiomnium against Orthomnion and Orthomniopsis is not recommended. The name Riccia sinuata is recommended for rejection. Furthermore, two publications by Stephani are reommended to be added to the list of suppressed works for new generic names in Appendix I of the Code. The Committee considers Parisia Broth. and Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue not confusable.
Endoscopic stapedotomy: A comparison between the conventional approach versus CO2 laser‐assisted surgery
Authors: Pradhan Pradeep , Karakkandy Vinusree , Preetam Chappity , Parida Pradipta K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Although the utility of laser fiber in microscopic stapes surgery has been documented in the past, their role can be highly emphasized in endoscopic stapes surgery, especially in difficult anatomical situations.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of cases where a total of 46 patients (22 in conventional stapedotomy and 24 in CO2 laser‐assisted stapedotomy) were included in the study. The clinical parameters were assessed both in the preoperative and postoperative periods in the respective groups and later compared 12 weeks after stapedotomy.

Results

A total of 90.90% (20/22) of the patients in the conventional stapedotomy and 95.83% (23/24) of patients in laser‐assisted stapedotomy had <20 dB of AB gap in the postoperative period (P = 0.71). Canaloplasty was required in six patients in the conventional stapedotomy and none of the patients in the laser group needed the same (P = 0.01). Chorda tympani nerve was manipulated in 59.09% (13/22) and 25.00% (6/24) of cases in the conventional group and in the CO2 laser group, respectively (P = 0.01).

Conclusion

Although the audiological outcomes with fiber‐enabled CO2 laser in endoscopic stapedotomy are comparable to conventional surgery, it is a better tool in a narrow auditory canal, requiring minimal manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve.
Adapting conservation breeding techniques using a data‐driven approach to restore the ‘Alalā (Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis)
Authors: Flanagan Alison M. , Masuda Bryce , Komarczyk Lisa , Kuhar Amy , Farabaugh Susan , Swaisgood Ronald R.
Published: June 2023

For some critically endangered species, conservation breeding is a vital steppingstone toward re‐establishing wild populations. The ‘Alalā (Hawaiian crow, Corvus hawaiiensis), currently extinct in the wild, exists today only in a conservation breeding program, which, for many years, utilized successful hands‐on husbandry approaches such as separating and resocializing pairs, providing partially manmade nests, artificially incubating eggs, and puppet rearing nestlings. Yet, a top priority of any conservation breeding program is to retain natural behaviors essential to postrelease survival and reproduction, to achieve successful reintroduction and restoration to the wild. We describe how we are adapting ‘Alalā husbandry techniques to strengthen pair bonds through full‐time socialization, enable pairs to build robust nests, encourage females to incubate eggs to hatch, and provide pairs and their offspring with vital parental rearing experiences. We discuss the use of standardized, data‐driven methods to objectively track our progress towards successful parental breeding and to select release candidates based on their likelihood to survive and breed in the wild. The information shared in this report can be applied to other conservation breeding programs, particularly those implementing or transitioning to husbandry techniques geared towards preparing species to thrive in the wild.
The Significance of Politicization: The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Procurement Processes in Canada and Australia, 2000–2022
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael
Published: June 2023

When examining the acquisition of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) by most western defence departments, the close historical and military connections between these countries with the United States only go so far in terms of an explanation for why some have adopted this platform and others have not. Adoption is by no means automatic and the features of large military platform procurement processes, which are both long-term and involve very large expenditures, with their idiosyncratic nature, multiple actors and strategic policy directions, have played an important role in this area, just as they have when purchasing warships and other military equipment. In this chapter, we compare how Australia and Canada chose to operate when considering the replacement of their ageing F-18 multirole fighters. Again, this process features two very similar countries and the same weapons system, and the different outcome each has had in this case again reveals the significant factors concerning the processes which led to those decisions, and the impact of politics in explaining both the commonalities and differences in the defence procurement approaches of the two countries.
Grundlagen des Bestärkenden Lernens
Authors: Lang Sebastian
Published: June 2023

Im folgenden Kapitel soll das Themengebiet des bestärkenden Lernens theoretisch fundiert werden. Das bestärkende Lernen ordnet sich dem maschinellen Lernen unter, welches wiederum der Methodenwelt der künstlichen Intelligenz angehört. In Abschnitt 3.1 wird deshalb zunächst das bestärkende Lernen in die Themengebiete der künstlichen Intelligenz und des maschinellen Lernens eingeordnet. Abschnitt 3.2 skizziert das Grundprinzip des bestärkenden Lernens und führt ferner eine Taxonomie ein, gemäß welcher die Methoden des bestärkenden Lernens in dieser Arbeit klassifiziert werden. Die beiden Hauptkategorien dieser Taxonomie bilden das gradientenabhängige und das gradientenfreie bestärkende Lernen, die wiederum in den Abschnitten 3.3 und 3.4 separat erläutert werden.
Introduction
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei
Published: June 2023

Compared with coal and oil, natural gas is clean and efficient, flexible in transportation and operation.
Fracture Interaction Behaviors
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei
Published: June 2023

Problems arising from hydraulic fracturing involve the nonlinear coupling of rock deformation and fluid flow, the nonlocal character of the fracture elastic response, the time dependence of fracture propagation and the interacting interference between the pre-existing and induced fractures.
Erwerbsarmut und subjektive Gesundheit während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Eine Zeitvergleichsstudie mit Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels 1995–2021
Authors: Pförtner Timo-Kolja , Demirer Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Hintergrund

Erwerbsarme gelten als vulnerable Gruppe. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht, ob sich die Gesundheitsunterschiede zwischen Erwerbsarmen und Nicht-Erwerbsarmen während der COVID-19-Pandemie verstärkt haben, und führt dazu einen Zeitvergleich mit früheren Phasen ökonomischer Krisen und arbeitsmarktpolitischer Reformen durch.

Methoden

Die Analysen basieren auf dem Sozio-ökonomischen Panel (SOEP, 1995–2020) und der Sondererhebung zu den sozioökonomischen Faktoren und Folgen der Verbreitung des Coronavirus in Deutschland (SOEP-CoV, 2020–2021). Alle Erwerbstätigen im Alter von 18–67 Jahren wurden in den Analysen berücksichtigt, um die Risiken einer schlechten subjektiven Gesundheit durch Erwerbsarmut auf Basis gepoolter logistischer Regression nach Geschlecht zu berechnen.

Ergebnisse

Die subjektive Gesundheit verbesserte sich im Allgemeinen in der COVID-19-Pandemie. Die Unterschiede im Gesundheitszustand blieben zwischen Erwerbsarmen und Nicht-Erwerbsarmen zwischen 1995 und 2021 relativ konstant. Personen, die im Zeitverlauf häufiger von Erwerbsarmut betroffen waren, wiesen das höchste Risiko einer unzureichenden Gesundheit auf. Die mit der Häufigkeit von Erwerbsarmut assoziierten Gesundheitsunterschiede sind im Zeitverlauf angestiegen und erreichten bei beiden Geschlechtern in der Pandemie ihren Höhepunkt. Signifikante Geschlechtsunterschiede konnten nicht identifiziert werden.

Diskussion

Die Studie verdeutlicht die gesellschaftliche Verankerung von Erwerbsarmut als Determinante einer unzureichenden Gesundheit. Insbesondere Personen, die im Erwerbsleben häufiger von Erwerbsarmut betroffen waren, gelten als besonders vulnerabel gegenüber einer unzureichenden Gesundheit. Tendenziell erscheint die COVID-19-Pandemie diesen Gradienten in der Gesundheit zu verstärken.
A Python script for discontinuity layout optimization
Authors: He Linwei , Schiantella Mattia , Gilbert Matthew , Smith Colin C.
Published: June 2023

Discontinuity layout optimization (DLO) is a powerful numerical limit analysis technique that can be used to identify the collapse load and associated failure mechanism of a solid or structure. The method successfully automates the traditional ‘upper bound’ method of plasticity, with applications including metal extrusion problems, where die forces are sought, and geotechnical engineering problems, where the stability of foundations or retaining walls are to be established. Notably the basic DLO method uses the same underlying mathematical formulation as ‘ground structure’-based truss layout (or ‘topology’) optimization and is demonstrated in this contribution via a Python script capable of solving plane strain limit analysis problems. Extensions to the basic method are presented to allow treatment of larger-scale problems incorporating cohesive-frictional materials, and with self-weight treated in a new and conceptually elegant way. Finally, various examples are presented to illustrate the capabilities of DLO, with displacement vectors shown to aid interpretation.
Duplex sequencing provides detailed characterization of mutation frequencies and spectra in the bone marrow of MutaMouse males exposed to procarbazine hydrochloride
Authors: Dodge Annette E. , LeBlanc Danielle P. M. , Zhou Gu , Williams Andrew , Meier Matthew J. , Van Phu , Lo Fang Yin , Valentine III Charles C. , Salk Jesse J. , Yauk Carole L. , Marchetti Francesco
Published: June 2023

Mutagenicity testing is an essential component of health safety assessment. Duplex Sequencing (DS), an emerging high-accuracy DNA sequencing technology, may provide substantial advantages over conventional mutagenicity assays. DS could be used to eliminate reliance on standalone reporter assays and provide mechanistic information alongside mutation frequency (MF) data. However, the performance of DS must be thoroughly assessed before it can be routinely implemented for standard testing. We used DS to study spontaneous and procarbazine (PRC)-induced mutations in the bone marrow (BM) of MutaMouse males across a panel of 20 diverse genomic targets. Mice were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg/kg-bw/day for 28 days by oral gavage and BM sampled 42 days post-exposure. Results were compared with those obtained using the conventional lacZ viral plaque assay on the same samples. DS detected significant increases in mutation frequencies and changes to mutation spectra at all PRC doses. Low intra-group variability within DS samples allowed for detection of increases at lower doses than the lacZ assay. While the lacZ assay initially yielded a higher fold-change in mutant frequency than DS, inclusion of clonal mutations in DS mutation frequencies reduced this discrepancy. Power analyses suggested that three animals per dose group and 500 million duplex base pairs per sample is sufficient to detect a 1.5-fold increase in mutations with > 80% power. Overall, we demonstrate several advantages of DS over classical mutagenicity assays and provide data to support efforts to identify optimal study designs for the application of DS as a regulatory test.
Convexity for free boundaries with singular term (nonlinear elliptic case)
Authors: Jeon Seongmin , Shahgholian Henrik
Published: June 2023

We consider a free boundary problem in an exterior domain $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} Lu=g(u)&{}\text {in }\Omega \setminus K,\\ u=1 &{} \text {on }\partial K,\\ |\nabla u|=0 &{}\text {on }\partial \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

L
u
=
g
(
u
)

in

Ω
\
K
,

u
=
1

on

∂
K
,

|
∇
u
|
=
0

on

∂
Ω
,

where K is a (given) convex and compact set in $${\mathbb R}^n$$

R

n

($$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

), $$\Omega =\{u>0\}\supset K$$

Ω
=
{
u
>
0
}
⊃
K

is an unknown set, and L is either a fully nonlinear or the p-Laplace operator. Under suitable assumptions on K and g, we prove the existence of a nonnegative quasi-concave solution to the above problem. We also consider the cases when the set K is contained in $$\{x_n=0\}$$

{

x
n

=
0
}

, and obtain similar results.
Geometric realizations of birational transformations via $${{\mathbb {C}}}^*$$-actions
Authors: Occhetta Gianluca , Romano Eleonora A. , Solá Conde Luis E. , Wiśniewski Jarosław A.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we study varieties admitting torus actions as geometric realizations of birational transformations. We present an explicit construction of these geometric realizations for a particular class of birational transformations, and study some of their geometric properties, such as their Mori, Nef and Movable cones.
Clinical characteristics of visual motion hypersensitivity: a systematic review
Authors: Wibble Tobias , Pansell Tony
Published: June 2023

This qualitative systematic review presents an overview of the state of the research relating to visual motion hypersensitivity (VMH) and offers a reference tool for future studies in the field. The study set out to identify and collate articles investigating risk groups with aberrant responses to visual motion as compared to healthy control groups, presenting evidence for risk factors associated with visual motion hypersensitivity. Data were synthesized into the state of the research and analyzed in the context of the clinical characteristics of each risk factor. Literature searches were performed on Medline Ovid, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cinahl, identifying a total of 586 studies of which 54 were finally included. Original articles published between the dates of commencement for each database and 19th January 2021 were included. JBI critical appraisal tools were implemented for each corresponding article type. In total, the following number of studies was identified for each respective risk factor: age (n = 6), migraines (n = 8), concussions (n = 8), vestibular disorders (n = 13), psychiatric conditions (n = 5), and Parkinson’s disease (n = 5). Several studies described VMH as the primary concern (n = 6), though these primarily included patients with vestibulopathies. There were considerable differences in the nomenclature employed to describe VMH, depending largely on the investigating group. An overview of investigated risk factors and their evaluation methods was presented in a Sankey diagram. Posturography was the most implemented methodology but due to diverse measurements meta-analyses were not possible. One may however note that while the easily implemented Vestibular Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) was designed for concussed patients, it may prove useful for other risk groups.
[18F]DCFPyL PET/CT versus [18F]fluoromethylcholine PET/CT in Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer (PYTHON): a prospective, open label, cross-over, comparative study
Authors: Oprea-Lager Daniela-Elena , Gontier Eric , García-Cañamaque Lina , Gauthé Mathieu , Olivier Pierre , Mitjavila Mercedes , Tamayo Pilar , Robin Philippe , García Vicente Ana Maria , Bouyeure Anne-Charlotte , Bailliez Alban , Rodríguez-Fernández Antonio , Mahmoud Sinan Ben , Vallejo-Casas Juan Antonio , Maksud Philippe , Merlin Charles , Blanc-Durand Paul , Drouet Clément , Tissot Hubert , Vierasu Irina , Vander Borght Thierry , Boos Evelyne , Chossat Florence , Hodolic Marina , Rousseau Caroline
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Primary objective was to compare the per-patient detection rates (DR) of [18F]DCFPyL versus [18F]fluoromethylcholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), in patients with first prostate cancer (PCa) biochemical recurrence (BCR). Secondary endpoints included safety and impact on patient management (PM).

Methods

This was a prospective, open label, cross-over, comparative study with randomized treatment administration of [18F]DCFPyL (investigational medicinal product) or [18F]fluoromethylcholine (comparator). Men with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after initial curative therapy were enrolled. [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]fluoromethylcholine PET/CTs were performed within a maximum time interval of 12 days. DR was defined as the percentage of positive PET/CT scans identified by 3 central imaging readers. PM was assessed by comparing the proposed pre-PET/CT treatment with the local treatment", defined after considering both PET/CTs.

Results

A total of 205 patients with first BCR after radical prostatectomy (73%; median PSA = 0.46 ng/ml [CI 0.16;27.0]) or radiation therapy (27%; median PSA = 4.23 ng/ml [CI 1.4;98.6]) underwent [18F]DCFPyL- and/or [18F]fluoromethylcholine -PET/CTs, between July and December 2020, at 22 European sites. 201 patients completed the study. The per-patient DR was significantly higher for [18F]DCFPyL- compared to [18F]fluoromethylcholine -PET/CTs (58% (117/201 patients) vs. 40% (81/201 patients), p < 0.0001). DR increased with higher PSA values for both tracers (PSA ≤ 0.5 ng/ml: 26/74 (35%) vs. 22/74 (30%); PSA 0.5 to ≤ 1.0 ng/ml: 17/31 (55%) vs. 10/31 (32%); PSA 1.01 to < 2.0 ng/ml: 13/19 (68%) vs. 6/19 (32%);PSA > 2.0: 50/57 (88%) vs. 39/57 (68%) for [18F]DCFPyL- and [18F]fluoromethylcholine -PET/CT, respectively). [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT had an impact on PM in 44% (90/204) of patients versus 29% (58/202) for [18F]fluoromethylcholine. Overall, no drug-related nor serious adverse events were observed.

Conclusions

The primary endpoint of this study was achieved, confirming a significantly higher detection rate for [18F]DCFPyL compared to [18F]fluoromethylcholine, in men with first BCR of PCa, across a wide PSA range. [18F]DCFPyL was safe and well tolerated.
Efficacy and Safety of Ixazomib Plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone Following Injectable PI-Based Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Abe Yu , Sasaki Makoto , Takezako Naoki , Ito Shigeki , Suzuki Kazuhito , Handa Hiroshi , Chou Takaaki , Yoshida Takahiro , Mori Ikuo , Shinozaki Tomohiro , Suzuki Kenshi
Published: June 2023

This nationwide, multicenter, open-label, single-arm study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the oral proteasome inhibitor (PI), ixazomib plus lenalidomide (LEN) and dexamethasone (DEX) (IRd) following injectable PI-based therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Of 45 patients enrolled, 36 patients received IRd after achieving at least a minor response to 3 cycles of bortezomib or carfilzomib plus LEN + DEX (VRd, n=6; KRd, n=30). At median follow-up of 20.8 months, the 12-month event-free survival rate (primary endpoint) was 49% (90% CI: 35.9−62.0), counting 11 events of progressive disease/death, 8 dropouts and 4 missing response data. The 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate by Kaplan-Meier analysis (dropouts as censoring) was 74% (95% CI: 56−86). Median PFS and time to next treatment (95% CI) were 29.0 (21.3−NE) and 32.3 (14.9−35.4) months, respectively; median OS was not evaluable. The overall response rate was 73%, and 42% of patients had a very good partial response or better. Frequent (≥10% incidence) grade ≥3 treatment emergent adverse events were decreased neutrophil and platelet counts (n=7 [16%] each). Two deaths occurred (one during KRd treatment and one during IRd treatment), both due to pneumonia. IRd following injectable PI-based therapy was tolerable and efficacious in RRMM patients.

Trial registration number

NCT03416374; Date of registration: January 31, 2018
Explicit consistency conditions for fully symmetric cubature on the tetrahedron
Authors: Wang Weizhu , Papanicolopulos Stefanos-Aldo
Published: June 2023

A novel fully symmetric basis is derived for the $${S}_4$$

S
4

-invariant polynomial space, by using symmetric polynomials and invariant theory. This new basis enables deriving explicitly the consistency conditions for non-overdeterminedness of moment equations in the case of fully symmetric cubature rules on the tetrahedron. Solving the corresponding linear integer programming problem, optimal and quasi-optimal rule structures are derived. Explicit formulas to calculate the estimated lower bounds in the number of integration points are also given. Additionally, the new basis is of practical interest in calculating specific cubature rules, since it allows decomposing the moment equations into a series of successively independent smaller subsystems, which can be exploited in designing more efficient solution methods. Solving the moment equations analytically we obtain several interesting new results.
Application of Onuma and lattice strain derived methods to calculate missing REE and Ce and Eu anomalies in magmatic zircons
Authors: Carrasco-Godoy Carlos , Campbell Ian H.
Published: June 2023

The shape of chondrite normalized zircon rare earth element (REE) patterns, including the magnitude of the Cerium (Ce) and Europium (Eu) anomalies, provide valuable insights into the magmatic conditions under which a zircon formed. However, lanthanum (La) and praseodymium (Pr), which are essential for the calculation of Ce anomalies, are often present at concentrations close to or below the detection limit of most analytical methods. We propose two new methods to calculate missing REE, based on Onuma diagrams (Chondrite-Onuma) and the lattice strain theory (Chondrite-Lattice), but using chondrite normalized values instead of partition coefficients. We compiled a dataset of ~ 1500 zircons with known REE + Y concentrations and used it to test and calibrate these methods and demonstrate that they are more accurate than other previously published models, with the Chondrite-Onuma method performing better than the Chondrite-Lattice method. These methods require analyses of as few as five REEs to impute the missing REE data or to estimate La and Pr concentrations or Ce anomalies in magmatic zircons, which allows a reduction in the number of REE analysed, where desirable, or to impute missing REEs in legacy data. The imputeREE package for the R programming language was written with a set of tools to apply these methods. A companion app is available to calculate missing REE and Ce and Eu anomalies.
Einflüsse von Kreislaufwirtschaftsmaßnahmen auf Ressourcennutzung und Dekarbonisierung in der Stahl- und Zementindustrie
Authors: Haslauer Peter , Pomberger Roland , Nigl Thomas , Rahnama Mobarakeh Maedeh , Lachner Elisabeth , Kienberger Thomas
Published: June 2023

Eine verstärkte Kreislaufwirtschaft ist eine von mehreren Maßnahmen zur Dekarbonisierung industrieller Produktionsprozesse. Insbesondere die energieintensive Grundstoffindustrie hat in der Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen erhebliche Potenziale zur Reduktion von Treibhausgas-Emissionen und Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz. Eine Analyse des Status Quo zeigt, dass die österreichische Eisen- und Stahlindustrie sowie die Zementindustrie bereits Vorreiter in Kreislaufwirtschaft und der emissionsarmen Produktion in Europa sind. In diesem Artikel werden weitere Potenziale aufgezeigt und insbesondere branchenübergreifende Ansätze zum Schließen von Stoffkreisläufen betrachtet.
Länderübergreifende Problemanalyse und Optimierung des Sedimentmonitorings an der österreichisch-slowakisch-ungarischen Donau im Rahmen der EFRE-Projekte SEDDON II und DREAM SK-AT
Authors: Pessenlehner Sebastian , Liedermann Marcel , Gmeiner Philipp , Haimann Marlene , Glas Martin , Dömötör Szilveszter , Pomázi Flóra , Baranya Sándor , Mravcová Katarína , Holubová Katarína , Habersack Helmut
Published: June 2023

Die Donau und die sie umgebende Landschaft liegen heute im Bereich verschiedener Interessen wie Hochwasserschutz, Wasserkraft, Schifffahrt und Ökologie. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache ist das ehemals ungezähmte und wilde Flusssystem seit Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts mit einer Vielzahl anthropogener Veränderungen konfrontiert, die vielfältige hydromorphologische Auswirkungen zur Folge haben. Zusätzlich führen – trotz bereits umgesetzter Renaturierungsprojekte und teilweise adaptiertem Sedimentmanagement – Einengung durch Regulierungen sowie Beeinflussungen des Sedimenthaushalts wie Rückhalt im Einzugsgebiet und Unterbrechung des Sedimentkontinuums, zu sedimentbezogenen Problemen entlang der Donau. Daraus ergibt sich auch die Notwendigkeit, den Sedimenttransport an der Donau länderübergreifend zu untersuchen.

Im Rahmen der EFRE-finanzierten EU-Projekte „Sedimentforschung und -management an der Donau II“ (SEDDON II) und „Forschung und Management an der Donau in der Slowakei und in Österreich“ (DREAM SK-AT) wurde daher eine länderübergreifende Analyse der aktuellen sedimentbezogenen Probleme in drei Projektabschnitten in Österreich, der Slowakei und Ungarn durchgeführt, um die Grundlage für ein gemeinsames Sedimentmanagement zu schaffen. Neben der Analyse der sedimentrelevanten Probleme bildet ein kontinuierliches und einheitliches Monitoringsystem für Geschiebe und Schwebstoff die Basis für die Umsetzung nachhaltiger Maßnahmen im Bereich Flussbau. Durch die Kooperation im Fließgewässermonitoring konnten neben der Implementierung neuer Messstationen an der ungarischen und slowakischen Donau umfangreiche Messreihen zur optimierten Berechnung des Sedimenttransports durchgeführt werden. Die dadurch erhaltenen Daten stellen nicht nur wichtige Erkenntnisse für ein besseres Prozessverständnis dar, darüber hinaus dienen sie auch als Grundlage für numerische Modellierung und physikalische Modellversuche zur Entwicklung und Optimierung von flussbaulichen Maßnahmen, die die vielfältigen Probleme der verschiedenen Interessensgruppen adressieren und negative Auswirkungen in Flusssysteme kompensieren sollen.
Besseres Verständnis von Geschiebetransportprozessen durch integratives Monitoring
Authors: Rindler Rolf , Schwarz Sabrina , Lammer Andrea , Shire-Peterlechner Dorian , Habersack Helmut
Published: June 2023

Geschiebe formt unsere Flüsse, das Flussbett und die Ufer. Es werden ganze Landschaften geprägt, es dient als Lebensraum für viele Tier- und Pflanzenarten. Der Feststoffhaushalt unserer Flüsse wird durch anthropogene Eingriffe stark beeinträchtigt. Die Folgen für die Fließgewässer sind beträchtlich und betreffen unterschiedlichste Bereiche. Speicherbauwerke, die für eine lange Lebensdauer geplant wurden, sind zunehmend einer Verlandung ausgesetzt. Effekte aus Geschieberückhalt, wie die Errichtung von Geschiebesperren, Wehren und Stauräumen und eine Erhöhung der Transportkapazität durch Flussregulierungen zum Hochwasserschutz und Nutzung der Flüsse als Wasserstraße führen in vielen Flüssen zu einem Geschiebedefizit mit den bekannten negativen Folgen für Ökologie und (Schutz‑)Wasserbau.

Intensives und gut konzipiertes Feststoffmanagement ist erforderlich, um uns den Herausforderungen, vor denen unsere Flüsse und wir heute und zukünftig stehen, zu stellen. Neben einem großen Erfahrungs- und Wissensschatz bilden hierbei Naturmessdaten und erweitertes Prozessverständnis über Sedimenteinträge, Transportprozesse wie örtliche und zeitliche Verteilung eine grundlegende Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Transportformeln und nachhaltige und resiliente Maßnahmen im Wasserbau. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Einblick über die Erkenntnisse, die durch Geschiebelangzeitmonitoring gewonnen werden können.
Glucose variability: a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Belli Martina , Bellia Alfonso , Sergi Domenico , Barone Lucy , Lauro Davide , Barillà Francesco
Published: June 2023

Aims and data synthesis

Glucose variability (GV) is increasingly considered an additional index of glycemic control. Growing evidence indicates that GV is associated with diabetic vascular complications, thus being a relevant point to address in diabetes management. GV can be measured using various parameters, but to date, a gold standard has not been identified. This underscores the need for further studies in this field also to identify the optimal treatment.

Conclusions

We reviewed the definition of GV, the pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and its relationship with diabetic complications.
Non-solvable Groups whose Character Degree Graph has a Cut-Vertex. I
Authors: Dolfi Silvio , Pacifici Emanuele , Sanus Lucia , Sotomayor Victor
Published: June 2023

Let G be a finite group. Denoting by $$\textrm{cd}(G)$$

cd
(
G
)

the set of degrees of the irreducible complex characters of G, we consider the character degree graph of G: this is the (simple undirected) graph whose vertices are the prime divisors of the numbers in $$\textrm{cd}(G)$$

cd
(
G
)

, and two distinct vertices p, q are adjacent if and only if pq divides some number in $$\textrm{cd}(G)$$

cd
(
G
)

. In the series of three papers starting with the present one, we analyze the structure of the finite non-solvable groups whose character degree graph possesses a cut-vertex, i.e. a vertex whose removal increases the number of connected components of the graph.
Public face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Zagreanu Claudia , Morse Zac
Published: June 2023

Aim

Public health officials recommended the use of face masks by the population to combat the transmission of COVID-19. Studies on self-reported behaviour are a poor substitute for assessing adherence to government recommendations. This study aimed to determine the percentage of pedestrians wearing masks in the Central Business District (CBD) and a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand (NZ).

Methods

This direct observational study of pedestrians crossing two busy intersections occurred between 22 August 2020 and 7 March 2022. Data collection occurred at three separate times during the day, in the morning (from 8 to 9 am), noon (from 12 to 1 pm) and afternoon (from 4 to 5 pm) for precisely one hour each time.

Results

Over 12 days of COVID alert level restrictions, we observed 30,855 pedestrians. Overall, 57.9% of pedestrians wore a mask outdoors. Masks-wearing was significantly higher in the CBD (64.0%) than in the suburb (38.7%), p < 0.001. Masks use was lower in the morning (51.1%) than at noon (56.1%) or afternoon (62.7%), p < 0.001, both in the CBD and the suburb.

Conclusion

This was the first observational study in NZ examining the public’s mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic. From our observations, there may be opportunities for improvement in public face mask use rates to decrease the spread of COVID-19 in the population. In addition, our findings can inform national and international public health agencies about face mask uptake in public.
Plasma cell-free tumor DNA, PIK3CA and TP53 mutations predicted inferior endocrine-based treatment outcome in endocrine receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Chen Tom Wei-Wu , Hsiao Wen , Dai Ming-Shen , Lin Ching-Hung , Chang Dwan-Ying , Chen I-Chun , Wang Ming-Yang , Chang Shu-Han , Huang Shu-Min , Cheng Ann-Lii , Wu Ko-Wen , Tan Kien Thiam , Lu Yen-Shen
Published: June 2023

Purpose

How to factor both tumor burden and oncogenic genomic mutations as variables to predict the outcome of endocrine-based therapy (ET) in ER-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC) remains to be explored.

Method

Blood samples prospectively collected from 163 ER-positive/HER2-negative female MBC patients, before ET, were used for cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) analysis. cfDNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to interrogate oncogenicPIK3CAhotspot andTP53DNA-binding domain (DBD) mutations, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or small insertions and deletions (InDels). The variant calling threshold was set at 0.5%. Progression-free survival (PFS) was measured from the start of the ET treatment to the time of disease progression of the same treatment regimen.

Results

Overall, the median PFS was 8.3 months (95% CI 5.7–11.1 months). The median cfDNA was 38.5 ng (range 4.4–1935 ng). The proportion of patients withPIK3CAandTP53alterations were 25.1 and 15.3%, respectively. Patients with high total cfDNA (HR 1.74,p = 0.003),PIK3CAmutation (HR 1.74,p = 0.007), andTP53mutation (HR 1.64,p = 0.047) in liquid biopsy conferred worse outcome after ET. Even for patients with low tumor burden, the detrimental effect ofPIK3CAorTP53mutation remained significant (p < 0.001). For patients with eitherPIK3CA(p < 0.001) orTP53mutation (p = 0.004), there was significant positive correlation between allele frequency (AF) and total cfDNA.

Conclusion

After adjustment of cfDNA level,PIK3CAandTP53mutations observed in liquid biopsy exerted detrimental effects on the outcome of ET-based regimens. The AF ofPIK3CAorTP53may be a surrogate marker for PFS.
Valve disease in cardiac amyloidosis: an echocardiographic score
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Fabiani Iacopo , Maccarana Agnese , Vergaro Giuseppe , Chubuchny Vladyslav , Pasanisi Emilio Maria , Petersen Christina , Poggianti Elisa , Giannoni Alberto , Spini Valentina , Taddei Claudia , Castiglione Vincenzo , Passino Claudio , Fontana Marianna , Emdin Michele , Venneri Lucia
Published: June 2023

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) may affect all cardiac structures, including the valves. From 423 patients undergoing a diagnostic workup for CA we selected 2 samples of 20 patients with amyloid transthyretin (ATTR-) or light-chain (AL-) CA, and age- and sex-matched controls. We chose 31 echocardiographic items related to the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves, giving a value of 1 to each abnormal item. Patients with ATTR–CA displayed more often a shortened/hidden and restricted posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL), thickened mitral chordae tendineae and aortic stenosis than those with AL–CA, and less frequent PMVL calcification than matched controls. Score values were 15.8 (13.6–17.4) in ATTR–CA, 11.0 (9.3–14.9) in AL–CA, 12.8 (11.1–14.4) in ATTR–CA controls, and 11.0 (9.1–13.0) in AL–CA controls (p = 0.004 for ATTR- vs. AL–CA, 0.009 for ATTR–CA vs. their controls, and 0.461 for AL–CA vs. controls). Area under the curve values to diagnose ATTR–CA were 0.782 in patients with ATTR–CA or matched controls, and 0.773 in patients with LV hypertrophy. Patients with ATTR–CA have a prominent impairment of mitral valve structure and function, and higher score values. The valve score may help identify patients with ATTR–CA among patients with CA or unexplained hypertrophy.
Gender Differences in School Effects on Adolescent Life Satisfaction: Exploring Cross-National Variation
Authors: Marquez Jose
Published: June 2023

Background

Levels and drivers of adolescent life satisfaction (LS) vary across nations. School is known to be an important aspect of life affecting adolescent LS, but there are gender differences in how schools may influence LS. However, little is known about how these gender differences vary across countries.

Objective

A series of statistical analyses (bivariate associations, multilevel regression, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses) using PISA 2015 data on 15-year-old students in 33 countries.

Method

A series of statistical analyses (bivariate associations, multilevel regression, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses) using PISA 2015 data on 15-year-old students in 33 countries.

Results

Girls report lower overall LS than boys on average in all the countries studied. Various cross-national patterns emerge regarding the role of schools. Although school is a life domain in which experiences related to overall LS tend to be more negative among boys than among girls (mainly via bullying and relationships with teachers), the opposite is observed for a few school-related factors (notably school anxiety). Furthermore, in some countries, the gender gap in overall LS varies across schools, which suggests that schools would play an important role in shaping students’ LS in different ways for girls and boys. Despite some cross-national patterns, substantial cross-country variation is also observed.

Conclusion

The study of adolescent LS in schools may benefit from more nuanced approaches that account for cross-cultural differences in how schools may promote the subjective well-being of girls and boys in different ways.
Assessment of soil- and water-related ecosystem services with coupling the factors of climate and land-use change (Example of the Nitra region, Slovakia)
Authors: Adelisardou Fatemeh , Mederly Peter , Minkina Tatian
Published: June 2023

Climate and land use change can profoundly impact the provision of ecosystem services (ES) over time, particularly in the landscape of open fields along with growing urbanization and rising demand for space, food and energy. Policymakers are keen on knowing the combined effects of climate and land use change on ESs as a critical issue in human well-being. However, deep knowledge of how to identify these relationships is still lacking. This research aims to undertake a comprehensive assessment of soil- and water-related ES, and improvement in understanding how they are affected by climate and land use change. We applied the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model for four ES (soil retention, nutrient delivery ratio, carbon storage, and water yield) for the years 2000 and 2018 in the Nitra region, Slovakia. We investigated the spatial and temporal changes in ES provision and determined the hotspots and coldspots of multiple ES. We found that soil retention, water yield, and carbon storage display a rising trend while the nutrient delivery ratio showed a decreasing trend over the past 18 years. Although all the mentioned services mainly attributed to land use change, the relative contribution of climate change was not deniable. Forests in the north and east and distributed urbanization and agriculture are the hotspots and coldspots for all ESs, respectively. Our results, in terms of determining the relative importance of land use and climate change and identifying the sensitive areas of ES provision, provide a scientific basis for ecosystem conservation and management priority setting at the local and regional levels.
Potassium and magnesium uptake and fertiliser use efficiency by oil palm at contrasting sites in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Prabowo Noto E. , Foster Hugh L. , Nelson Paul N.
Published: June 2023

The accuracy of fertiliser recommendations can be improved by knowledge of use efficiency of applied nutrients. The aim of this work was to determine the efficiency with which mature oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) recovers and uses fertiliser K and Mg under different environmental conditions in Sumatra, Indonesia. The work was carried out in seven factorial fertiliser trials (NPKMg) at sites with contrasting soils, slope and rainfall (1500–3500 mm annual average). We recorded the palms’ fresh fruit bunch yield (weekly), vegetative growth and nutrient content (annually), and soil properties (once during the study) over three years. Nutrient content of the above-ground palm components was calculated by multiplying concentration by biomass. Palm responses to K and Mg application were analysed at non-limiting values of the other nutrients. Fresh fruit bunch yield was significantly increased by application of K in five of the seven sites (by 4.8–11.9 t ha−1) and by Mg in two of the seven sites (by 7.2–12.3 t ha−1). Application of these fertilisers also significantly increased growth and nutrient content in most situations. Nutrient use efficiency declined with increasing yield and nutrient uptake. In the five sites with most positive yield responses to K, agronomic efficiency of K and Mg differed between sites due to differences in recovery efficiency. Recovery efficiency was correlated positively to soil K, Mg and silt content and rainfall, and negatively to slope and soil moisture deficit. In contrast, physiological efficiency of K and Mg use was similar across sites, despite differences in palm age and planting density. It thus appeared that physiological efficiency was determined by genotype and that variation in agronomic efficiency was mostly a result of differences in recovery efficiency.
Cereal yields in Ethiopia relate to soil properties and N and P fertilizers
Authors: Elias Eyasu , Okoth Peter F. , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Berecha Gezahegn , Mellisse Beyene Teklu , Mekuriaw Abate , Gebresamuel Girmay , Selassie Yihenew G. , Biratu Gizachew Kebede , Smaling Eric M.A.
Published: June 2023

There is an urgent need to increase cereal yields in the Ethiopian Highlands to ensure national food security. A major crop response-to-fertilizer program was set up in 2017–2019 as part of the CASCAPE project in the Ethiopian Highlands. It covered 33 experiments on maize, teff and wheat in five reference soil groups (Nitisols, Luvisols, Vertisols, Leptosols and Andosols). Five levels of multi-nutrient fertilizer (50–300 kg NPSZnB ha− 1 and 100 kg urea ha− 1) were applied. At the lower fertilizer level, average yields were 5500, 1500 and 3300 kg ha− 1 for maize, teff and wheat, respectively. At the highest rate, yields were 7900, 2100 and 5000 kg ha− 1. Maize and wheat yields were strongly correlated to the reference soil groups, but not to rainfall differences. Wheat yields were also positively correlated to soil organic carbon levels, underpinning the need to apply integrated soil fertility management. Comparing NPSZnB fertilizers with NPS and DAP fertilizers revealed a lack of statistically significant advantage for the fertilizers including Zn and B. As B was present in fine-granular form in the fertilizer bags, being prone to segregation, firm conclusions on the need for this micronutrient cannot be drawn. The use of ‘recommendation windows’ is suggested to group results into concrete packages at district levels and below, preferably combined with soil maps since soil types were correlated with maize and wheat yields. The windows could then be the starting point to develop ‘last mile’ fertilizer use policies, relevant to farmers and the way they manage their fields in the landscape.
Effect of Iron Salt on Slow Fertilization Through Soy Protein-Based Matrices
Authors: Cuenca-Romero Molinillo Ana , Jiménez-Rosado Mercedes , Pérez-Puyana Víctor M. , Romero Alberto
Published: June 2023

Due to the increase in horticultural production intensive techniques are needed. These techniques generate soil degradation, since the natural recovery time between crops is insufficient. The usual way to solve this problem is the use of fertilizers, as they are effective in the short time available. Conventional fertilizers are highly soluble salts, allowing their absorption by plant roots. However, they are dumped on the soils in more quantity than plants need, thus, the excess of unassimilated nutrients contaminates both the soil and groundwater. The main objective of this work was to develop and evaluate an alternative to conventional fertilizers, creating slow-release matrices from a protein by-product to which iron was incorporated. To carry out a more complete study, iron was incorporated in concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10 wt%, using two different salts: iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O) and iron chelated with N,N′-ethylenediamine-bis (2-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (Fe-EDDHA). Several tests were performed to compare their mechanical properties, micronutrient release profile, water absorption capacity and biodegradability, as well as their final effectiveness in crops. The protein-based matrices with both salts incorporated presented good mechanical properties. However, Fe-EDDHA matrices had a greater water absorption capacity, while FeSO4·7H2O matrices were more efficient in their final application in plants and had a longer biodegradation time. In conclusion, protein-based matrices present a high potential for the slow release of iron, thereby improving crop properties.