bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical model of reliability of the freight rail transportation forecasting system
Authors: Zhuravleva Natalia , Chechenova Liana
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study: to develop an analytical model of the reliability of the freight transportation forecasting system by railway transport. Methods: economic and mathematical methods and models of transportation forecasting adapted to the peculiarities of railway freight transportation – models based on “Bottom/Top” approaches, methods of predictive adjustment by types of cargo, methods of scenario forecasting. Results: an analytical model of the reliability of the freight rail transportation forecasting system has been developed, the distinctive feature of which is the integration of cargo transportation evaluation indicators, characteristics of scenario methods and parameters of the forecasting process, a forecast has been formed for the volume and structure of freight traffic following through the Oktyabrskaya railway landfill for the future up to 2030 in the category of main types of cargo.
Excitation field and parameters of traction superconducting synchronous motor of pipeline transport
Authors: Kim K.K. , Titova T.S.
Published: December 2023

Movement of passenger crews in a rarefied air tube at speeds over 600 km/h involves the effect of magnetic levitation and a traction linear superconducting synchronous motor with a stator winding distributed along the length of the tube and a superconducting excitation system on the crew. Conditions of magnetic levitation stipulate that the position of the crew in the tube is characterized by six degrees of freedom, so a traction linear superconducting synchronous motor must be considered as a multi-stage dynamic system. However, in the “normal” operational mode, the problem is reduced to consideration of the system with one degree of freedom with the coordinate that determines the position of an inductor with superconducting winding and without ferromagnetic cores relative to the running magnetic field of the stator winding. The specifics of magnetic levitation of the moving crew, which consists in the possibility of its spatial displacement, cause the appearance of geometric parameters characterizing progressive and rotational perturbations of the coordinates of the center of inertia of the crew in expressions for mutual inductances between the superconducting excitation system, electromagnetic shield, and the stator phase windings.
Investigation of the thermally stressed state of an elliptical shell
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: December 2023

The problem of thermoelectricity is considered. The problem of stability of an ellipsoidal shell of rotation is considered. The analysis of the described method is carried out. Mathematical analysis is used in the work. Based on mathematical modeling, it was shown that the level of thermal stresses arising during the transition from a circular cross-section to an elliptical one decreases.
Design of process equipment exposure sources for ultrasonic absorption of greenhouse gases
Authors: Khmelev V.N. , Golykh R.N. , Tsyganok S.N. , Barsukov A.R.
Published: December 2023

The work aims at improving the efficiency of greenhouse gas utilisation processes, namely carbon dioxide. The principle of operation of the designed equipment is to realise the process of ultrasonic absorption (absorption of gas by liquid) when carbon dioxide is fed over the surface of the liquid, in which cavitation occurs. The source of the cavitation action is a plate that oscillates with a given frequency and amplitude. The efficiency of the ultrasonic gas absorption process is determined by the parameters of plate oscillations. In particular, to ensure the necessary and sufficient amplitude of plate oscillations and uniformity of its distribution along the plate, it is proposed to solve the problem of optimal placement of the required number of ultrasonic emitters of a given size. As a criterion of optimality, it is proposed to use the integral power of oscillations of the whole plate, formed by a certain number of emitters. The proposed and developed numerical model of oscillation formation in the plate is based on the solution of the biharmonic equation for the distribution of amplitudes of oscillations, taking into account the finiteness of its thickness and provides the choice of the number, location, and size of ultrasonic emitters required to solve a particular problem. The simulation results allowed us to establish that the optimal location of the emitters depends on specific characteristics that must be taken into account when solving the problem of optimising the size and location of ultrasonic emitters for each particular plate. The calculations showed high efficiency of the created model and the possibility of its practical application for solving the problems of utilisation of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture.
Establishing the suitability of slider deposits of reservoirs for ceramic masses
Authors: Kuryazov Zokir , Kadyrova Zulayho , Eminov Ashraf , Aitova Shahlo
Published: December 2023

The article presents the physico-chemical characteristics of the silt deposits of the Tuyabuguz and Pachkamar reservoirs. The influence of silty deposits on the technological properties of ceramic materials fired at high temperatures has been determined. With the introduction of a refractory additive from kaolin waste in them, such undesirable phenomena were eliminated and the number of new formations of aluminosilicates in the form of anorthite, wollastonite and mullite minerals increased sharply, which ensured high performance characteristics of the materials obtained.
New technologies for diamond ores beneficiation
Authors: Matveev A.I. , Lebedev I.F. , Filippov V.E.
Published: December 2023

The main objective of the work is the development and implementation of technology and apparatuses for dry beneficiation of diamond-bearing ores and the creation of a fundamentally new class of modular mobile ore dressing units (MMODU). The article deals with the current state of crushing plants and pneumatic apparatuses. The results of the research of disintegration of lump ore in the DKD-300 crusher and comparison with foreign-made centrifugal impact crushers NP 1007 of the firm "Metso Minerals" by crushing degree are given. The comparative results of the extraction of minerals of different density are given in two types of pneumatic separator with straight and screw-shaped working chambers. The article considers the prospects of introducing dry technologies of mineral processing and beneficiation, which will significantly reduce the cost of diamond production.
Analysis of the accumulation the sedimentary mass in coal-water slurries
Authors: Moskalenko Tatiana , Mikheev Valeriy , Vorsina Elena , Chersky N.V.
Published: December 2023

The problem of assessing the sedimentation stability of water-coal suspensions, which are a promising type of fuel, possessing the advantages of both liquid fuels and coal, which can be effectively used as a substitute for liquid petroleum fuel (fuel oil), is considered. However, coal-water suspensions have not found wide application at present, which is promoted, in particular, by unresolved issues related to their sedimentation stability: in the production, storage, and transport of suspension, an important qualitative characteristic is its stability over time: the higher it is, the more qualitative is the suspension. The paper proposes a method of solving the problem of predicting the value of particle sedimentation during the sedimentation process, which allows us to calculate the dynamics of sediment accumulation over a certain period of time from the beginning of sedimentation at a given depth of dispersion. The implementation of the calculation method as a systematic approach to determining the dynamics of sediment accumulation is shown on the example of sedimentation analysis data of 50 % water-coal suspension from coal from the Neryungri deposit. It is shown that the proposed method of solving the problem of predicting the size of sedimentation of particles during the sedimentation process allows to calculate the dynamics of sediment accumulation for a certain period of time at a given depth, as well as to determine the minimum sedimentation time, at which the particles of maximum size sediment completely.
Northern Sea route and climate change
Authors: Sharapov Dmitry
Published: December 2023

The Arctic Sea Route, also known as the Northern Sea Route, is experiencing profound changes due to the effects of climate change. This transformation is opening up new economic opportunities and geopolitical challenges, all while raising significant environmental concerns. The diminishing sea ice, thinning ice cover, and the development of new routes have reduced shipping distances, making this once largely impassable region increasingly accessible for global commerce. Economic implications include reduced shipping distances, expanded trade opportunities, and the potential for resource extraction, particularly for oil, gas, minerals, and fisheries. Geopolitically, the region is witnessing a complex interplay of cooperation and competition among Arctic states, with implications for international relations and territorial claims. Environmental risks, such as oil spills and habitat disruption, are significant, while infrastructure development and technological advancements are reshaping the logistics of Arctic navigation. The Arctic Sea Route's future hinges on how the international community addresses these multifaceted impacts, striking a balance between economic interests, environmental preservation, and peaceful cooperation in the face of shifting global dynamics and the urgent need to combat climate change.
Development of a simulation model for the development of socio-ecological-economic systems in the process of making innovative decisions
Authors: Kuksova I.V. , Gubertov E.A. , Kuvshinova O.V. , Kuznetsov S.A.
Published: December 2023

The article presents market indicators that have the most significant impact on the development of socio-ecological-economic systems in the process of making innovative decisions. When developing recommendations for the use of models, a detailed analysis of the modeling results and its practical significance for assessing the performance of socio-ecological-economic systems is provided. A structural and logical model of the system is proposed that ensures the consistency of goals, plans, tools, budgets, indicators and results of implementing strategic changes in the process of its long-term development. The study and assessment of socio-ecological and economic indicators is proposed to be carried out using methods of simulation modeling and statistical data analysis. The article presents developed multifactor statistical models that determine the type and strength of relationships between indicators of socio-economic development of systems, as well as a simulation model that allows assessing the dynamics of these indicators. The proposed model apparatus for managing the competitive development of a system ensures that the indicators that shape its development are taken into account and allows, based on modeling of various economic situations, to analyze the state of the system and optimize the behavior of its subjects. A new approach to simulation modeling of infrastructure facilities is proposed. The tools developed within the framework of the approach for preparing and conducting large-scale experiments in a heterogeneous computing environment are based on a microservice architecture.
Resilience and adaptation in Moroccan agriculture during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives from farmers
Authors: Boutagayout Abdellatif , Bouiamrine El Houssine , Lahlali Rachid , Rhioui Wijdane , Hamdani Anas , Nassiri Laila , El Jarroudi Moussa , Belmalha Saadia
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including agriculture. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of smallholder farmers in Morocco's Fez-Meknes and Marrakesh-Safi regions regarding the potential effects of the pandemic on agricultural systems and the adoption of agroecological practices during the lockdown. The findings showed that farmers implemented diverse agroecological practices such as intercropping, organic fertilization, and local seed usage. However, the pandemic negatively affected the regular course of ag-ricultural practices of 51.6% of the participants. The majority expressed concerns about market closures, labor availability, access to agricultural materials, and fertilizers. Farmers with more than two hectares of land were the most affected and less likely to embrace agroecological practices, whereas those with less than two hectares continuously adopted these practices and were less affected by COVID-19. Although 54.7% of the respondents reported no changes in their dependence on agroecological practices, 41.1% indicated that this dependency increased after the COVID-19 crisis. Understanding farmers' behavior during the pandemic can inform future agricultural policies that prioritize healthy and sustainable food production. This study underscores the importance of investing in agriculture and building resilience to ensure sustainable food systems in the face of future crises.
Architectural layout typologies for the sustainable reserve housing organization
Authors: Kizilova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the problem of architectural and planning organization of sustainable reserve housing for refugees. The purpose of the article is to highlight typologies of reserve housing layout organization. As a result of a complex analysis of implemented and conceptual housing designs for migrants, existing and progressive approaches were systematized within the typological matrix.Contemporary feasibletypologies include:free-space, pre-set, growingandtransformable. The developedprognostictypologies include:augmentedandintegrated. The typologies were presented within the graphic matrix. The materials of the article will be useful for further practical modelling of modern prefabricated housing for refugees.
Implications of the compressive strength control accuracy on the probability of accepting defective concrete elements
Authors: Leykin A.P. , Belentsov Yu.A. , Kazanskaya L.F.
Published: December 2023

The contribution of control method inaccuracy to the accuracy and performance of building structures while adhering to the metrological requirements for the strength determination process in reference materials is analysed. The metrological fundamentals for improving the testing and quality control methods of modern concretes and their impact on the reliability of erected structures are developed. The measurement accuracy dependence on the quality control of concrete materials and products by destructive methods is established, the number of rejected products is determined. The accuracy of concrete quality control is assessed in relation to the likelihood of defective products. A Bayesian model is proposed for the probability of missing a defective product with known control confidence and the probability of error due to measurement and testing error in the control process. The additional probability of missing concrete defects in strength when testing in standard specimens by the destructive method due to imperfect test methods is calculated. The 'non-zero probability' of missing a defect in the concrete strength control process affecting the level of reliability is assessed, provided the metrological requirements for the test are met.
Biomechanics of the human upper limb for sustainable approach to design smart clothing
Authors: Tyurin I.N. , Tashpulatov S.Sh. , Akhmedova Z.M.
Published: December 2023

The creation of smart clothing with universal design solutions, improved ergonomic properties, high performance and strength parameters is a striking example of the implementation of the concept of “slow” fashion. Determining the optimal choice of topographical arrangement of sensory control elements of flexible printed circuit boards and structural and decorative elements of clothing with intelligent functions is one of the key factors in increasing the overall comfort of the designed products. The results of the study of indicators of physiological and psychological characteristics when changing the angle of flexion of the human elbow joint are necessary for understanding the neurophysiological basis of the issues of subjective assessment of the comfort of clothing.
Food quality and safety control as an important factor of physical development
Authors: Abdullaev Kobiljon , Juraev Bobomurod , Khabibova Guliya
Published: December 2023

Rational nutrition is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle, since it ensures optimal performance, resistance to adverse factors and the normal course of growth and development processes. The study of actual nutrition allows not only to evaluate it as a factor in maintaining health, but also to establish the presence of risk factors associated with dietary deficiencies, bad eating habits that increase the likelihood of disturbances in the activity of organs and systems. Based on the foregoing, this article discusses the impact of observing the optimal diet as an important factor in the proper physical development of children.
The impact of physical exertion and man-made environmental factors on lymphoid organs
Authors: Oleynik Elena , Kokorina Elena , Krasnoruckaya Irina , Petrenko Ekaterina , Dyusenova Аltyn
Published: December 2023

The athletes' body is exposed not only to intense physical exertion, but also to man–made environmental factors - transport and industrial noise, of which infrasound is an integral part. Infrasound affects the structure of the vascular wall, causing disorders of lymph flow. Intense physical activity is accompanied by adaptive reactions of the body, including the organs of the immune system. The effect of infrasound on the structure of lymph nodes during the recovery period after intense physical exertion was studied. An experimental study was conducted on mesenteric lymph nodes of white rats in the recovery period after intense physical exertion (swimming); the first group of experimental animals underwent a recovery period under normal conditions of detention, the second was exposed to infrasound for 2 weeks after the end of physical exertion. Compensatory reactions are manifested by an increase in the content of tissue basophils in the lymph nodes, markedly pronounced in the second week of the recovery period. The impact of infrasound leads to a violation of lymph flow, which is accompanied by a violation of migration processes in the lymph nodes. Against the background of a decrease in lymphocyte migration, the suppression of lymphopoiesis is sharply pronounced, which is determined throughout the entire observation period. The mast cell reaction in this group of experimental animals is observed only in the fourth week of the recovery period, when the phenomena of oedema begin to subside, and is much less pronounced.
Ensuring balance reliability in managing the development of electric power systems: condition, problems, information content
Authors: Chukreyev Iurii , Chukreyev Mikhail
Published: December 2023

The stages of improving the methodological and model support problem of balance reliability in recent years from the standpoint of developing new methodological instructions (MI) on the design of power systems are considered. The analysis of the developed and approved by the Russian Ministry of Energy and the impact of their application on the decisions made.
Seasonal changes in the concentrations of cellulose aging markers in transformer oil
Authors: Darian Leonid , Obraztsov Roman , Maksimchenko Alexey , Polistchook Vladimir , Asoskov Sergey
Published: December 2023

The results of long-term monitoring of the content of aging markers of cellulose insulation – methanol, ethanol, and carbon oxides – dissolved in power transformer oil are presented. A correlation has been established between seasonal temperature extrema of transformer oil and the concentrations of aging markers. To improve the reliability of diagnostic conclusions based on measuring the concentration of aging markers, it is proposed to take into account their seasonal changes.
Forecasting changes in the parameters of the failure flow in heat networks at different temperature graphs
Authors: Vankov Yurii , Kuznetsov Pavel , Izmajlova Evgeniya , Garnyshova Elena , Valiev Radik
Published: December 2023

The paper considers the transition from the existing temperature graph to a temperature graph with reduced coolant parameters in the city’s district heating system and the results of calculating the predictive values of the failure flow parameter in heat networks.
Problems of the current state of power quality and proposals for their solution
Authors: Kovernikova Lidiya
Published: December 2023

The power quality in Russian electrical networks does not meet the requirements of regulatory documents. Big problems occur in all areas of people’s lives for this reason. Economic damage is one of the serious consequences. In the context of digitalization of the economy, the requirements for the power quality are increasing, because digital electrical equipment requires high power quality. The paper presents the history of solving the problem of thepower quality in Russia, including three periods - before the adoption of the Federal Law “On Electric Power Industry”, after its adoption and after the adoption of the resolution of the Russian Government on the creation of a digital economy. Examples of the consequences of low power quality. To achieve a high level of power quality, it is proposed to create a power quality management system that meets the requirements of the emerging intelligent electrical power systems and digital economy.
Application of the state estimation procedure to improve the cyber-physical stability of the smart grid
Authors: Kolosok Irina , Korkina Elena , Demidov Ivan
Published: December 2023

Current Smart Grids and their facilities acquire stable features of cyber-physical systems, the components of which are physical (technological) and information - communication subsystems. In a cyber-physical system, a failure in one subsystem can cause a failure in an other one, and combined emergency states can occur as a result, so there is a problem of ensuring the Smart Grid resilience to physical and information disturbances - the problem of cyber-physical stability (resilience). The report considers the issues of applying the State Estimation procedure to analyze and increase the resilience of Smart Grid and its facilities. It is shown that the State Estimation procedure serves as an effective mean of identifying deliberate impacts or cyber-attacks on the information-communication subsystem and eliminating their consequences on technological subsystem operation. Ways to improve the efficiency of the State Estimation procedure for solving this task are considered.
Ion sputtering as methods for generation of cluster particles
Authors: Khozhiev Sh.T. , Maksimov S.E. , Kuchkanov Sh.K. , Gaibnazarov B.B. , Yuldoshev I.A. , Kosimov I.O. , Menglieva Sh.Yu.
Published: December 2023

The investigations of emission and fragmentation of silicon oxide clusters sputtered from Si surface have been performed. It has been shown that the processes of formation of these clusters can be qualitatively described within the framework of modern concepts, and the main channels of their formation are determined in accordance with the mechanism of combinatorial synthesis.
Efficient and economical energy use technology in the processing of domestic coarse wool fiber
Authors: Toshbekov Odil , Urazov Mustafokul , Ermatov Shavkat , Arapov G’ayrat , Khamraeva Maftuna
Published: December 2023

There are many types of fabrics produced in the textile industry, and the scale of production and industrial use of non-woven fabrics is increasing with the help of textile technology. The production of non-woven products is considered a relatively new branch of the textile industry, and this type of products is characterized by low cost, originality of quality, and variety of production methods. Many types of fabrics have the potential to be used as short-term fabric substitutes in the textile, engineering, construction, automotive, shipbuilding, aviation, and medical industries.
Energy-saving technology for storage of cherry
Authors: Safarov J.E. , Sultanova Sh.A. , Polatov M.M. , Ponasenko A.S.
Published: December 2023

Results of studies on extension of storage (shelf) life of cherries by treatment with ultraviolet light are presented. The most important indicators characterizing quality of cherry are considered. Analysis of variance of weight of cherries treated with ultraviolet light had been investigated. The Duncan Test for weight loss of cherries treated with ultraviolet rays was performed. Further studies and tests to determine quality of cherry had been carried out as well.
Control of ball mill operation depending on ball load and ore properties
Authors: Ishnazarov Oybek , Mavlonov Jonibek , Mardonov Davron
Published: December 2023

Ball mills are used for the second stage of ore grinding in mining operations by proportioning ore piles. Controlling the operating conditions of ball mills is one of the key factors for optimal mill perform and high mill load turnover. One of the factors affecting the efficiency of the ball mill is the loading of the balls. Optimum distribution of ores according to the size of the mill, increasing the efficiency of the grinding process and reducing energy consumption are achieved. In addition, the ore properties are one of the important parameters for the optimal utilizing of the ball mill. Ore can have various properties, such as hardness, density, moisture content, etc., which can affect the ore’s productivity and grinding efficiency
AI-powered learning: revolutionizing technical higher education institutions through advanced power supply fundamentals
Authors: Niyozov Numon , Saburov Salamat , Ganiyev Shaxruz , Olimov Shirinboy
Published: December 2023

The burgeoning technological education landscape mandates a reevaluation of educational methodologies, especially in pivotal domains such as power supply fundamentals within technical higher education institutions. This scientific article explores the imperative role of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in teaching the fundamentals of power supply to students in technical higher education institutions. Acknowledging power supply’s fundamental significance and the evolving educational challenges, we advocate for the utilization of AI-powered platforms, simulations, and adaptive learning systems. Through a comprehensive analysis, we highlight the potential benefits and contextualize the implementation of AI in Uzbekistan’s technical education scenario. By embracing AI-driven educational approaches, Uzbekistan can cultivate a skilled workforce adept in power supply, fostering innovation and propelling the nation towards a technologically advanced future.
Development and analysis of logical scenario design invirtual reality laboratories for higher education institutions
Authors: Jalilova Dinora , Kurbonova Raykhona , Erejepov Madiyar , Nematov Laziz
Published: December 2023

Virtual Reality (VR) has permeated numerous industries, revolutionized traditional methods and introduced innovative ways to immerse users in digital environments. One of the cornerstones of VR design is the development of logic scenarios, which establish how a VR application responds to user interactions. This research provides an in-depth exploration of the systematic processes involved in creating these logical scenarios for VR experiences. By breaking down each phase of the development process and highlighting its critical components, we aim to furnish a comprehensive guide for professionals. Furthermore, we delve into the estimated timeframes associated with each stage, thereby offering a roadmap that caters to the planning and timely execution of immersive VR projects. Our findings particularly focus on the intricate relationship between conceptualization, tool selection, content creation, and user experience in VR. Through this study, we aspire to empower professionals and enthusiasts alike, paving the way for more intuitive, engaging, and responsive VR experiences.
Increasing the environmental cleanness of industrial enterprises
Authors: Rafikova Gulnara , Mustaev Ruslan , Pirimov Ramziddin , Zokirova Feruza
Published: December 2023

The article discusses important issues to improve the environmental friendliness of industrial enterprises. Emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere by coal-fired power plants are analyzed. As well as emissions of pollutants (kg) of various fuels per 1 ton of equivalent fuel, 1 Gcal of heat and 1 MWh of electricity. Potentially possible emissions of the main pollutants when using coal, firewood and diesel fuel for domestic needs are given. An estimate of the reduction in emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is projected, thousand tons/year. The effects of environmental and energy-saving measures in the energy sector are assessed. The following are the negative impacts of overhead power lines: the biological impact of electromagnetic fields on fauna, including humans; cutting down trees and alienation of significant land plots for power transmission lines; disturbance of the natural landscape; interference to radio and television reception from corona discharge on power line wires.
Isotopic (D/H) management of chemical and biological processes properties: applications in pharmaceutical engineering
Authors: Kazimova Ilaha V. , Uspenskaya Elena V. , Pleteneva Tatiana V. , Syroeshkin Anton V.
Published: December 2023

The strategy of sustainable industrial development in accordance with “green chemistry” stimulates researchers to search for a “lever” that could provide control over the direction and speed of chemical and biological processes. Water, depleted in deuterium content, is a recognized safe (in contrast to D2O) dissolution medium according to the results of numerous clinical observations. Due to the lower strength of carbon-protium (C-H) chemical bonds compared to carbon-deuterium (C - D), the properties of deuterated compounds, such as the rate of reactions involving them, change. The aim of the work was to study the effect of varying the 21H content on controlling the chemical and biological properties of processes. The highest values of kinetic deuterium isotope effects (KEI), which demonstrated greater sensitivity to the difference in the nucleolar mass D/H in the dissolution medium, correspond to slightly soluble lipophilic molecules. We also found the dependence of the S.ambigua cell biosensor lifetime on the deuterium concentration in the dissolution medium according to the laws of Arrhenius kinetics. Thus, the developed approach based on the laser diffraction technique in controlling the rate of chemical and biological processes can be successfully applied at all stages of the production cycle in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.
Creation of supply chains for the delivery of agricultural products and food along the Eurasian transport corridors
Authors: Gulyi Ilia , Kazanskaya Lilia
Published: December 2023

To assess the advantages of the supply of agricultural products and food in specialized refrigerated containers, to show the main channels for the supply of food cargo by container trains on Eurasian transport routes. Research methods: when preparing a scientific article, methods of scientific research in logistics were used: structural analysis, technical parameterization, process analysis of supply chains. Results: the advantages for cargo owners of the service of food shipments by specialized refrigerated container trains are substantiated, visual diagrams of geographical routes of food shipments in the direction of Russia - China are presented, descriptions of survey logistics services, Glonass navigation services and tracking of the location and temperature regime of the transported container are given. Recommendations: the results of the published study are recommended to be used by specialists of logistics services of cargo owners in the process of designing the delivery and shipment of food cargo according to seamless multimodal delivery schemes.
Study of the biosorption of phenol by the cell walls of brewing yeast
Authors: Aronbaev Sergey , Aronbaev Dmitry , Vasina Svetlana , Isakova Dilnosa , Raimkulova Charos , Abilkosimova Gulnoza
Published: December 2023

Sorption capabilities of cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with respect to phenol have been investigated. Elemental analysis established the composition of yeast cell walls: 47.8–48.6% C; 5.7-6.1% N and 6.86% H. The surface of the sorbent determined by BET, was 118.6 m2/g, ash content – 18-22%. Using FTIR-spectroscopy, it is shown that the prevailing mechanism of phenol adsorption is physical sorption, and not complexation. The adsorption abilities of yeast cell walls with respect to phenol were studied relative to pH, initial phenol concentration, sorbent dose and activation time. It is shown that the sorption efficiency increases in protonated solutions with pH<3. Experimental data were analyzed using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The model of the adsorption isotherm is more precisely described by the Langmuir equation with R2 0.9987. The calculated maximum capacity is 18.9 mg of phenol per 1 g of dry sorbent. The study showed that the cell walls of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used as a new adsorption material for eliminating phenol from aqueous solutions.
Challenges of higher education in Russia and their impact on the digital transformation of the forestry industry
Authors: Konovalova Yulia , Burtsev Daniil , Gavrilyuk Elena
Published: December 2023

Higher education plays a pivotal role in shaping qualified professionals and determining the development directions of various sectors of the economy. However, it faces a multitude of issues that diminish its effectiveness and contribute mismatching between graduates and demands of the modern labor market, particularly in the era of digital transformation, where the demand for digital competencies is on the rise. This study delves into the key challenges of higher education in Russia, assesses their impact on the forestry industry, and proposes avenues for their resolution. In the concluding sections of this article, we present the most favorable model for addressing the issue of the shortage of digital competencies among the personnel in the forestry sector, the scarcity of higher-educated workforce, and the absence of necessary IT solutions.
Sustainable development: specifics of primary and secondary digitalisation in depressed regions (on example of the Russian Federation)
Authors: Dolganova Iana
Published: December 2023

Digitalisation processes in modern society are occurring at a rapid pace. Under the influence of transformative information technologies and innovative business models, special technological and organisational opportunities for society are emerging. However, such transformations occur unevenly, and as a consequence, there is a noticeable differentiation in the level of mastering new and promising technologies and introducing new solutions in important industrial, social, and other spheres. At the regional level, digitalisation processes have their own peculiarities. The first determining factor in the development of digitalisation is the achieved level of socio-economic development of the region. The next factor is the geographical and climatic peculiarities of the region, which do not always provide for the effective development of certain industries. The primary level is the basic level and includes the analysis of indicators characterising the access of the population and organisations to the Internet. Due to the enormous difference between the achieved level of socio-economic development of regions and their existing potential, it is promising to assess the level of digitalisation, and special attention is paid to the results for depressed regions of the Russian Federation. The key objective of the analysis was to develop directions for improving not only digital processes in depressed regions, but also the possibility of improving their socio- economic development. Based on the statistical method, rating and forecasting method, the level of digitalisation in the Russian regions was analysed. The evaluation results show a sufficient level of primary digitalisation, but there are significant problems in the development of secondary digitalisation.
Effectiveness of using fermented probiotic supplement Cellobacterin+ on inclusion of flax and hemp cakes in ruminant diets
Authors: Kislova Darya , Sheida Elena , Kvan Olga
Published: December 2023

Cellobacterin+ is a feed additive with enzymatic activity containing a complex of natural live bacteria. It is a probiotic that improves fibre digestion, accelerates the maturation of rumen microflora and normalises the digestive system. The set task is achieved using a standard ruminant diet, in which traditional soya cake was replaced by linseed cake and hemp cake in equivalent amounts of 5 % and 10 % with the use of the enzymatic probiotic preparation “Cellobacterin+” in a dose of 10.0 g.
Research on approaches to optimizing energy management in modern households
Authors: Shvetsova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

This article explores approaches to optimizing energy management in modern households. Energy expenditure in modern households is distributed across dozens of sources. Kitchen equipment and washing machines are among the main sources of energy consumption in households. Optimizing the operation of such equipment is one of the approaches to optimizing energy management in a modern household. Switching to less energy-intensive materials used in such equipment can help reduce energy consumption. The study explores the prospects for introducing such materials into laundry equipment. The obtained results of the analysis can be used in developing strategies by the marketing services of companies producing washing equipment, as well as by researchers in this field.
The content of heavy metals in the habitat of birds, Zeya-Bureya plain
Authors: Pakusina A.P. , Platonova T.P. , Fokin S.A. , Lobarev S.A. , Gulenova T.V.
Published: December 2023

From 2019 to 2021, the content of heavy metals in the components of the aquatic ecosystem, which is the habitat of birds on the territory of the Zeya-Bureya plain, was studied (water, sediments, macrophytes, bird feathers). High levels of iron and manganese were found in the water of small rivers. Due to heavy rains and floods, heavy metals were washed out of the surface layers of soil in agricultural fields into rivers. High concentrations of copper and lead were found in the bottom sediments of small rivers. Agricultural pollution of aquatic ecosystems affected the accumulation of lead and manganese in macrophytes. Bird feathers contained the highest amounts of iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, and the lowest amounts of cobalt and cadmium. The feathers of protected bird species such as Swan Goose, Red-crowned Crane, Hooded Crane and Daurian white-naped Crane contained lead 13.5 -38.2 mg/kg, cadmium 0.17 - 0.51 mg/kg. The elements in the feathers of birds were of exogenous origin. Birds are bioindicators of anthropogenic pollution. Researches in this direction are necessary for an estimation of ecological risk of environment and acceptance of measures on its protection.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of tellurium in the some mining sites of Transbaikalia
Authors: Eremin O. V. , Yurgenson G. A.
Published: December 2023

The first results of the study of the occurrence and mineral forms of tellurium in hypogenic and hypergenic conditions on the example of some deposits in Transbaikalia are presented in the article. Their paragenesis and the variations of tellurium content in ores and the hypergenesis zone are considered. Experiments on water leaching of tellurium, bismuth, lead, uranium and silver were carried out. The physicochemical model of mineral associations with the participation of these elements in conditions of the hypergenesis zone was calculated.
Influence of gas industry waste on the ecological condition of soils
Authors: Kholikulov Shodi , Bobobekov Isomiddin , Yakubov Tursunboy , Botirova Barchinoy
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the accumulation of various harmful compounds and heavy metals in the soil as a result of the wastes of the gas processing enterprise of the “Shurtangazkimyo” complex and their negative impact on soil fertility and ecological conditions. The irrigated light serozem soils around the “Shurtangazkimyo” complex are extremely poor in humus. As a result of the impact of waste, the biological processes in the soil are weakened, and the accumulation of organic substances is reduced. The accumulation of various harmful compounds and heavy metals in the soil as a result of the activities of the “Shurtangazkimyo” complex has a negative effect on the productivity and ecological condition of the light serozem soils distributed in this area. Keywords: “Shurtangazkimyo” complex, waste, soil, heavy metals, fertility, environment, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrate, ammonium, quantity.
Analysis of foresight competency development model components in future ecologists
Authors: Rakhimov Oktyabr , Rakhimova Dilrabo , Eshmirzaeva Matluba , Rakhimov Aktam
Published: December 2023

The article describes the role of foresight technology in environmental forecasting in the creation of future development strategies, and the analysis of some ecological scientific projects and programs implemented on the basis of foresight. The main components of the model of eco-foresight competence development in future ecologists are based and its evaluation criteria are defined. The results of the experimental tests carried out to determine the level of development of eco-foresight competence are presented, and foresight is used in the competitive and rapidly changing economic conditions of enterprises and companies in the production of clean ecological products and in predicting the future impact of technological processes on the environment, in drawing up long-term strategic plans or road maps, it is based on the fact that it is a highly effective method of ensuring their execution and control.
The impact of virgin lands development on the organization of medical education (on the example of the Tselinograd Medical Institute, 1964–1965)
Authors: Balykova Akkaiyn , Mazhitova Zhanna , Zhalmurzina Aigul , Kurbanova Dina
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of historical and medical research, revealing the impact of virgin and fallow lands development in Kazakhstan on the opening of a medical institute in Tselinograd in 1964. The analysis of the documents shows that the resettlement of a large number of people to the virgin land development has generated a complex of problems, primarily related to the shortage of medical workers in the Tselinny Krai. The development of the institute was slow, despite the help of the state. In general, the authors came to the conclusion that the work of state bodies on the opening of a medical institute, the creation of teaching staff and the establishment of the educational process has led to positive results. At the same time, the analysis showed that the shortage of classroom resources, understaffing of teaching staff, weak methodological base required further practical research by health and education authorities.
Preface
Authors: Sadriddinov Manuchehr , Abdullozoda Ramazon , Devi Geetha , Khalmatjanova Gulchekhra
Published: December 2023

The overview is devoted to the main directions and results of the III International Conference on Improving Energy Efficiency, Environmental Safety and Sustainable Development in Agriculture (EESTE2023) held on October 25-27, 2023. It describes the main directions and gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.
Use of flaxseeds for the development of fortified prophylactic products
Authors: Borisova V.L. , Bobrov E.A. , Vernigor A.V. , Fomchenkova G.A. , Volkova Yu.E.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to a review of scientific literature on the nutritional value of plant raw materials: oil flax. This culture and its processed products have been used in the food industry for quite a long time. Today, there has been renewed interest among food producers due to a more thorough study of the nutritional value of oil flax and the development of new varieties that better meet the requirements of nutritional value and safety. The practical part of the article presents the results of growing the Ural oilseed flax variety in an experimental field and its quality indicators. The results of an organoleptic evaluation of an oilseed experimental sample enriched with flax seeds and an unfortified control sample of semi-finished poultry meat products are also presented. Improvements in the organoleptic quality indicators of the developed semi-finished products have been established.
Rational use of lupine flour for enrichment of coagulated melange and chopped semi-finished products from broiler chicken meat
Authors: Stefanova I.L. , Borisova V.L.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to a review of the scientific literature on the nutritional value of eggs and their processed products; data is provided on the nutritional value of fortifying raw materials, which are used to increase the physiological value of the developed coagulated egg products - lupine bean flour. The practical part of the article presents the results of a study on the development of new types of coagulated egg products, additionally enriched with lupine flour. The fatty acid composition of such products has been established. The optimal level of lupine flour addition was determined using an organoleptic method. An improvement was established in the fatty acid composition of coagulated melange enriched with lupine flour compared to the control sample.
Current ecological state of soils in the Caspian lowland of Azerbaijan and conditions of their formation
Authors: Aliyeva Narmina , Ibragimov Sattar , Mamedova Rena , Ibadova Sevinj
Published: December 2023

The article presents an analysis of the current ecological state of the lands of the Caspian coastal territories within the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan and outlines the influence of various factors on the ecological state of these soils. In the course of scientific research carried out according to numerous criteria, an assessment was made of the current reclamation situation in the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea. It has been established that the ecological situation of the region is very tense and the process of desertification occurs due to a lack of water in the region, located in an arid zone. To improve the reclamation state of the territory, it is recommended to use additional water sources and non-traditional irrigation - Caspian sea water with a mineralization index of 12-14 g/l as irrigation water. The occurrence of groundwater in this region at a depth of 5-10 m from the surface of the earth and its low degree of mineralization allows the use of sea water to irrigate the soils of these areas during the growing season, which creates conditions for the transport of salts accumulated in the upper layer of soil to the lower layers. As a result of a complete study and analysis of the physical, mechanical, chemical and water-physical properties of the soil, it was finally concluded that when cultivating Caspian lands for agricultural crops, non-traditional irrigation waters, especially water from the Caspian Sea, can be used for irrigation. This is possible due to the soil characteristics of the region. The use of sea water for irrigation purposes will have a positive impact on the revitalization of coastal lands that have not been cultivated for years due to lack of water, and will contribute to the abundance of harvests in the republic.