bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of The Relationship Between Self-Reported Sleep/Awake Bruxism and The Chronotype Profiles of The Dental Students
Authors: BİLİR Halenur , YILMAZ Burcu
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible relationship between the presence/absence of the self-reported sleep and/or awake bruxism and the chronotype profiles of dental students.
Materials and Methods: The dental students at Istanbul Medipol University and Istanbul Medeniyet University in the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year participated in this study. Along with demographic data, an 11-item questionnaire evaluating sleep quality and self-reported sleep and awake bruxism, and a 19-question Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) determining the chronotypes were applied. The significance level was set at P≤ 0.05 for statistical analysis.
Results: 171 students (female:128, 74.9%; male:43, 25.1%) participated in the study. The mean age was 22.32.2. There was no statistical difference between the presence or absence of the bruxism types and the chronotype profiles of the students (P=0.815). The sleep quality in the students with the sleep bruxism was statistically lower than in other types of the bruxism (P<0.05). The participants with the sleep bruxism were statistically more likely to have difficulty concentrating on the daily activities than the participants with other types of the bruxism (P<0.05).
Conclusions: There is no relationship between the presence or absence of the bruxism types and the chronotype profiles. However, the sleep bruxism negatively affects both the sleep quality and focusing on the daily activities.
Effect of Different Repolishing Procedures on The Color Change of Alkasite
Authors: KARAKAŞ Seda Nur , KÜDEN Cihan
Published: March 2022

Objectives: An esthetic restoration with an unacceptable color is the main cause for replacement of anterior tooth restorations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of repolishing on the color change of the new material group of alkasite after exposure to coffee solution.
Materials and Methods: Alkasite material placed in Teflon molds with a diameter of 8 mm and a height of 2 mm was polymerized under the application of mylar strip and a total of 32 samples were obtained. The samples were randomly immersion into groups. Group R: Diamond grained polishing rubbers, Group D: Aluminum oxide discs are applied and the polishing process is completed. After the first color measurement was made, it was immersed in coffee and the measurement was repeated 1 week later. L was divided into two groups (n=8) and repolished with rubber (RR) and discs (RD). In the D group, re-polishing was done with rubber (DR) and disc (DD) and color measurements were repeated. Results were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at 95% confidence interval.
Results: The greatest color change (ΔE00) was in group R. At the end of seven days, similar color change values were found between the groups of R and D (p > 0.05). There is no difference between the RR and RD groups. Significantly less color change was observed in the DD group than in the RR and RD groups (p = .003, p = .042, respectively). Similarly, the DR group showed less color change than the RR group (p = .015).
Conclusions: The color stability of the alkasite was affected by the polishing procedure. The repolishing process reduced the color change, but not at a clinically acceptable level.
The Effect of Dental Anxiety Levels of Medical Faculty Students on Oral Hygiene Behaviors
Authors: KARAHAN Seher , AĞADAYI Ezgi
Published: March 2022

Aim: Aimed to evaluate the effect of dental anxiety levels of students at Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine on oral hygiene behaviors.
Materials and Methods: It is descriptive, cross-sectional study and carried out between September-October 2021. It was applied online to 216 volunteers from class I-V students. Students were asked about their sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene behaviors and Corah Dental Anxiety Scale(C-DAS). The C-DAS questionnaire is in 5-point Likert type consisting of 4 questions (Min:4-max:20 points). Analyzes were made with the SPSS 25 program. Descriptive statistics, independent sample T-test were performed.
Results: 50%(n=108) of the students were women. 78.2%(n=169) had never smoked. 33.3%(n=72) of them started brushing regularly before age of six. 58.8%(n=127) were brushing their teeth at least twice a day. The rate of brushed their teeth correctly was 49.5% (n=107). Only 24.5%(n=53) of the students changed their toothbrush every three months. Students' use of additional dental hygiene tools other than toothbrushes respectively; toothpick (37.5%, n=81), dental floss (32.4%, n=70), mouthwash (26.9%, n=58), interface brush (6%, n=13), miswak (3.7%, n=8). The mean C-DAS score was 8.8±3.7(min:4-max:20). The mean score was significantly higher for female students (9.5±3.7) than the males (8.0±3.5) (p=0.004) and those who had a toothache (9.5±4.1) in the last year than the others (8.1±3.2) (p=0.007). There was no significant difference between C-DAS score and brushing teeth twice a day or more(p=0.556). There was no significant difference between the use of additional dental hygiene tools and C-DAS score(p=0.280).
Conclusion: Dental anxiety was found to be higher in women and those who had toothache in the last year. It was determined that anxiety did not affect the dental hygiene behavior.
THE EFFECTS of THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC on the DEMAND for DENTAL TREATMENT
Authors: AYDEMİR Merve , HERGÜNER SİSO Şeyda , MURRJA Esin , NAJAFOVA Lamia
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE: To report on the level of knowledge of people about Covid-19 symptoms, transmission routes and personal protective equipment use during the Covid-19 pandemic normalization process, to determine the health institutions they will prefer for dental treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 226 individuals aged 18 and over who went to dental institutions like dentsitry of faculties, dental clinics, public and private hospitals at least once in the last 2 years participated in this survey.
RESULTS: The range with the highest number of participants is the 20-30 age group; university graduated, small family and a household of 3 people. Participants have a high level of knowledge about Covid-19 symptoms and transmission routes (p=0,001). Surgical masks(94%), hand disinfectants(95%) are the most common measures taken for Covid-19, while N95(24%) and visor(21%) are used the least. No significant relationship was found between socio-demographic characteristics and the level of knowledge about Covid-19 symptoms and transmission routes, and the use of personal protective equipment (p>0,05). Dentsitry of faculties monitor body temperature and mask use, and dental clinics monitor the use of masks more carefully than other health institutions (p=0,05). Among the reasons for the preference of health instutiations the precautions taken regarding the epidemic were not preferred,but only the ease of transportation(p=0,02) and financial reasons(p=0,00) were effective. 46% of the participants are aware of the measures taken by health institutions against Covid-19.
CONCLUSION:Participants have sufficient knowledge about the transmission routes and symptoms of Covid-19. The Covid-19 pandemic was not effective in determining the health institution they would prefer.
Can acids produced from probiotics demineralize the tooth and cause progression of caries: a critical review
Authors: CHOPRA Aditi , SAHA Swagata , KAMATH Shobha , SİVARAMAN Karthik
Published: March 2022

Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms which that provide various health benefits to the host upon administration in adequate amounts. Lactobacilli, Propionibacterium, and Bifidobacterium are common “Lactic Acid-producing bacteria (LAB)” present in various probiotic formulations. These probiotic bacteria release many organic acids, mainly lactic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid into their surrounding environment. Increased concentration of these inorganic and organic acids reduces the saliva’s critical pH to below 5.5, and initiates demineralization. Thus, the present review aims to critically appraise the existing evidence on this emerging clinical perspective and double edged nature of the probiotic bacteria, and explain as to how probiotic supplements increase the risk of tooth decay.
Results: Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium were associated with rampant caries in preschool children and progression of caries. All probiotics were acidogenic as they decreased the pH of the saliva, demineralized and eroded the enamel. Probiotics also release extracellular polysaccharides that help to release essential elements like calcium and phosphorous from the enamel surface. The lactic acid-producing efficiency of probiotics is increased when combined with supragingival plaque. Low pH was attributed to the interaction of Lactobacilli with other microorganisms.
Conclusion: Acids release from probiotics bacteria can lower the critical pH of the oral cavity to below five, and play a role in demineralization of the tooth and progression of caries.
Oromandibular Dystonia: An Update for Dental Professionals
Authors: HEGDE Shruthi , AJİLA Vidya
Published: March 2022

Oromandibular Dystonia (OMD) is a type of focal dystonia which affects the masticatory, cervical, facial, eyelid, laryngeal, and pharyngeal muscles. OMD patients may consult dentists with involuntary movement or spasm of the lips, tongue, involuntary jaw opening or closing, changes in the occlusion, slurred speech, drooling of saliva, difficulty in mastication, swallowing, and speaking. Due to the uncommon occurrence of OMD, this condition may be misdiagnosed and may lead to unnecessary treatment. Thus thorough knowledge regarding the features of OMD is essential for the dentists. Present review focus on the signs and symptoms of OMD, diagnosis and management of these patients.
Bibliometric analysis of composite resin restorations from 2000-2020
Authors: ÜLKÜ Sultan Gizem , ÜNLÜ Nimet
Published: March 2022

Aim: To indentify the most effective actors(authors, countries, and journals) about composite resin restorations in the period 2000-2020.
Material and Methods: An electronis research was conducted in the Scopus database by selecting the words ‘composite resin’ and ‘restoration and English language, article and review types, dentistry field. Their bibliometric data including publication title, authorship, citation count, citation dentistry, year of publication, country and institution of origin, journal of publication, study design, and keywords were extracted and analyzed.
Results and Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric article on composite resin restorations. This study provides information about authors, institutions and countries that contribute to significant improvements in composite resin restorations. From 2000 to 2020, there were 7118 articles published from 99 countries.Articles originate primarily from the USA and Brazil. Results indicate that the USA, Brazil, Germany, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Japan, Swtizerland, Italy, Netherlands and India are the leading countries in composite resin restoration research and account for 51.8% of the total number of publications. The total number of citations are 158.404, corresponding to 22 citations per paper publication. During the time period examined, 776 hot articles and 228 classic articles on composite resin restorations were found.The journal with the most publications is ‘Operative Dentistry’. The publishing houses of the top 10 journals are from 4 countries: USA(6),Netherlands(2),Germany(1),Japan(1). The most cited article within the boundaires of this study is Ferracane’s article titled ‘Resin composite-State of the art’, which was published in Dental Materials in 2011 and received 913 citations.
Conclusion: This article is the first known bibliometric analysis of composite resin restorations. Studies on composite resin restorations are increasing in parallel with the increasing demand for aesthetics. The analysis of the most influential factors of these publications will give an idea for the studies to be done.
New approach to learning medical procedures using a smartphone and the Moodle platform to facilitate assessments and written feedback
Authors: Lee Sang-Shin , Lee Haeyoung , Hwang Hyunyong
Published: March 2022

Background: To overcome communication obstacles between medical students and trainers, we designed serial learning activities utilizing a smartphone and web-based instruction (WBI) on the Moodle platform to provide clear and retrievable trainer feedback to students on an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) item. Methods: We evaluated students’ learning achievement and satisfaction with the new learning tool. A total of 80 fourth-year medical students participated. They installed the Moodle app (the WBI platform) on their smartphones and practiced an endotracheal suction procedure on a medical simulation mannequin while being evaluated by a trainer regarding competence in clinical skills on the smartphone app. Students’ competency was evaluated by comparing the scores between the formative assessment and the summative assessment. The degree of satisfaction and usefulness for the smartphone and WBI system were analyzed. Results: The means (standard deviations, SDs) of the formative and summative assessments were 8.80 (2.53) and 14.24 (1.97) out of a total of 17 points, respectively, reflecting a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The degree of satisfaction and perceived usefulness of the smartphone app and WBI system were excellent, with means (SDs) of 4.60 (0.58), and 4.60 (0.65), respectively. Conclusion: We believe that the learning process using a smartphone and the Moodle platform offers good guidance for OSCE skill development because trainers’ written feedback is recorded online and is retrievable at all times, enabling students to build and maintain competency through frequent feedback review.
Cadastro e gestão territorial: uma visão luso-brasileira para a implementação de sistemas de informação cadastral nos municípios
Authors: Amorim Amilton , Pelegrina Marcos Aurélio , Julião Rui Pedro
Published: March 2022

Nesta obra é abordada a Gestão Territorial com o objetivo de compreender sua relevância e seus principais desafios, bem como as reais necessidades de obtenção de dados e recursos para seu êxito. Apresenta-se o paradigma do Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário, seus conceitos fundamentais e o modo como ele é abordado em várias regiões e em vários países. Além disso, trata-se da Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais (IDE), considerada essencial para o desenvolvimento de projetos relativos à produção, gestão e exploração de dados geográficos e cadastrais, em contextos compartilhados por vários serviços do Estado. Finalmente, é apresentada uma análise dos requisitos e modelos para a Gestão Territorial, baseada no Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário e com a utilização da IDE, com particular destaque para o Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). Por fim, é apresentada uma análise da situação do desenvolvimento dos sistemas cadastrais e sua aplicação na Gestão Territorial no Brasil e em Portugal.
Temperature sensing with nitrogen vacancy center in diamond
Authors: Lin Hao-Bin , Zhang Shao-Chun , Dong Yang , Zheng Yu , Chen Xiang-Dong , Sun Fang-Wen ,   Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: March 2022

Temperature is the most intuitive and widespread in various physical quantities. Violent changes in temperature usually implies the appearing of fluctuations in physical properties of an object. Therefore, temperature is often an important indicator. With the development of science and technology, the scales in many fields are being more and more miniaturized. However, there are no mature temperature measurement systems in the case where the spatial scale is less than 10 μm. In addition to the requirement for spatial resolution, the sensor ought to exert no dramatic influence on the object to be measured. The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a stable luminescence defect. The measurements of its spectrum and spin state can be used to obtain the information about physical quantities near the color center, such as temperature and electro-magnetic field. Owing to its stable chemical properties and high thermal conductivity, the NV center can be applied to the noninvasive detection for nano-scale researches. It can also be used in the life field because it is non-toxic to cells. Moreover, combined with different techniques, such as optical fiber, scanning thermal microscopy, NV center can be used to measure the local temperatures in different scenarios. This review focuses on the temperature properties, the method of measuring temperature, and relevant applications of NV centers.
Disturbance has lasting effects on functional traits and diversity of grassland plant communities
Authors: Smith Ellen A. , Holden Emily M. , Brown Charlotte , Cahill Jr James F.
Published: March 2022

Background

Localized disturbances within grasslands alter biological properties and may shift species composition. For example, rare species in established communities may become dominant in successional communities if they exhibit traits well-suited to disturbance conditions. Although the idea that plant species exhibit different trait ‘strategies’ is well established, it is unclear how ecological selection for specific traits may change as a function of disturbance. Further, there is little data available testing whether disturbances select for single trait-characters within communities (homogenization), or allow multiple trait-types to persist (diversification). We investigated how (a) traits and (b) functional diversity of post-disturbance gap communities compared to those in adjacent undisturbed grasslands, and (c) if altered functional diversity resulted in the homogenization or diversification of functional traits.

Methods

Here we emulate the impacts of an extreme disturbance in a native grassland site. We measured plant community composition of twelve paired 50 × 50 cm plots (24 total) in Alberta, Canada. Each pair consisted of one undisturbed plot and one which had all plants terminated 2 years prior. We used species abundances and a local trait database to calculate community weighted means for maximum height, specific leaf area, specific root length, leaf nitrogen percent, and root nitrogen percent. To test the impacts of disturbance on community functional traits, we calculated functional diversity measures and compared them between disturbed and undisturbed communities.

Results

Within 2 years, species richness and evenness in disturbed communities had recovered and was equivalent to undisturbed communities. However, disturbed and undisturbed communities had distinct community compositions, resulting in lower functional divergence in disturbed plots. Further, disturbance was linked to increases in community-weighted mean trait values for resource-acquisitive traits, such as specific leaf area, and leaf and root nitrogen.

Discussion

Disturbance had lasting effects on the functional traits and diversity of communities, despite traditional biodiversity measures such as richness and evenness recovering within 2 years. The trait space of gap communities shifted compared to undisturbed communities such that gap communities were dominated by traits enhancing resource uptake and growth rates. Overall, these results show that short-term disturbance fundamentally changes the functional character of early-successional communities, even if they superficially appear recovered.
A worldwide comparison of long-distance running training in 2019 and 2020: associated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Afonseca Leonardo A. , Watanabe Renato N. , Duarte Marcos
Published: March 2022

Objective

The goal of the present study was to investigate possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-distance running training.

Methods

This is a retrospective study with a within-subject design. We analyzed 10,703,690 records of running training during 2019 and 2020, from 36,412 athletes from around the world. The records were obtained through web scraping of a large social network for athletes on the internet. A potential long-distance runner was defined as a user of the social network who had a record of running at least one of the six World Marathon Majors by 2019.

Results

In 2020, compared with 2019, in total there was a 3.6% decrease in the number of athletes running, a 7.5% decrease in the distance and 6.7% in the duration of running training. There were large variations in these variables throughout 2020, reaching 16% fewer athletes running weekly and 35% lower running distance (Cohen’s d = 0.34, p < 0.001) and 33% lower running duration (Cohen’s d = 0.30, p < 0.001) in September 2020. The beginning of the decrease in running training in the first quarter of 2020 coincides with the beginning of the adoption of measures to restrict the COVID-19 pandemic; but as of the second quarter of 2020, running training appears to have undergone variations unrelated to the preventive measures. Among the ten most represented countries in the dataset, running training in Brazil appears to have been the most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and restriction measures.

Conclusion

The wide variations in long-distance running training throughout 2020 are likely related to the COVID-19 pandemic. As for the total volume, the observed decreases of up to 7.5% in the outcome variables related to running training in 2020 could also be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, but other factors such as injury, illness or lack of interest, may also have contributed to these decreases.
CURRENT SITUATION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL MANAGEMENT AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal (México), Castillo René , Domíngez José Antonio ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal (México), Jiménez Luis Felipe ,   Tecnológico Nacional de México / Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal
Published: March 2022

The present research aimed to provide a broad overview regarding the management of construction materials. As a starting point, the conception of the set of actions that make up the materials management is described and its importance within the construction sector is pointed out; It also addresses the various obstacles that this sector currently faces when managing its materials, in a global scope, and which hinder the optimal development of the sector. Likewise, new management support technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) web-based systems for materials management and data storage applications are described, offering a vision of the advantages and disadvantages involved in implementing these information technologies. In the same way, the most common support techniques for inventory control are outlined. It is concluded that the construction industry knows the concept of materials management, however, it still faces problems for the application of a correct execution of said concept; In addition, it is at an early stage in the adoption of new techniques and technologies to support the management of construction materials.
Histomorphological Features of Ovarian Neoplasms and Expression of p53 and WT1 in Surface Epithelial Tumours: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kaushik Nupur , Rani Deepa , Prakash Shikha , Singh Richa , Kumar Lalit
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Ovary is the most common site of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesion, can present in childhood to postmenopausal age group and remain the most lethal of all gynaecological malignancies. Tumour Protein (p53) gene mutations or deletions are most common in ovarian carcinoma. However, Wilms' Tumor gene1 (WT1) and p16 expression are also seen in serous ovarian carcinoma. These Immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker are useful in the differential diagnosis of serous ovarian carcinomas. Aim: To study histomorphology of ovarian neoplasm along with expression of p53 and WT1 in surface epithelial tumours and to assess the prevalence of various ovarian neoplasms in different age groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of two years (from September 2018-September 2020). A total of 78 ovarian specimen received in histology laboratory was studied for gross and microscopic features. The p53 and WT1 IHC expression pattern was studied in surface epithelial tumours. Statistical significance was calculated in relation to p53 and WT1 expression with histological type and grade of tumour using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 78 cases were studied, out of which benign tumours were the most common 40 (51.3%) cases, followed by malignant tumours 32 (41.0%) cases and borderline malignancy 6 (7.7%) cases. The most common benign lesions were mucinous cystadenoma 20 (50%) cases. Serous carcinomas were most common malignant tumours 19 (59.3%) cases followed by Germ Cell Tumours (GCT) 5 (15.6%) cases. All benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumours were found p53 and WT1 negative. Out of 22 cases of malignant surface epithelial tumour, 14 (63.6%) and 12 (54.4%) were positive for p53 and WT1 respectively and all were serous carcinomas. Conclusion: Ovarian lesions present with wide spectrum of histomorphological features. The p53 and WT1 show different rates of expression and staining pattern in various epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Hence routine gross, proper histological examination and correct IHC interpretation is required for specific diagnosis.
Knowledge of Folic Acid Supplementation among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ozueh Chioma O. , Alegbeleye Justina O.
Published: March 2022

Background: Folic acid is an essential water-soluble vitamin that cannot be synthesized in the human body and so its major source is from diet. It plays an important role in embryonic development. Folic acid deficiency in pregnant women results in megaloblastic anaemia, increased risk of preterm delivery and neural tube defects. The assessment of its knowledge is essential in preventing neural tube defects.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of folic acid as a preventive measure for neural tube defects, and their determinants amongst pregnant women at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 451 antenatal attendees at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from January 1 to March 31, 2020.  A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from the women after consent was given. Data obtained was collated, entered in a spread sheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results are expressed in means and percentages. The confidence interval was set at 95% and a p-value of < 0.05 was statistically significant. Chi square test and Pearson’s correlation were used to determine association between knowledge of folic acid and variables.

Results: Majority 258 (57.2%) of the women were aged 30-39 years and were mostly nulliparous 122 (27.1%). Over two-third 330 (73.2%) had post-secondary education and almost all 409 (90.7%) of the women were married. Most 375 (83.1%) of the pregnant women were aware of folic acid and its use in peri-conception care. The main source of information was from healthcare workers (54.8%), followed by family and friends (14.6%) and online media (12.0%). Only 169 (37.5%) were aware of the role of folic acid in preventing NTDs. Knowledge about the role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects was significantly associated with younger age, post-secondary education, occupation, and low parity (p value <0.05).

Conclusion: Age, educational level, occupation, and parity were significantly predictive of knowledge of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects.
Soil Erosion Monitoring Indicators: An Approach towards Natural Resource Management in Kuresoi South, Kenya
Authors: Baliach Chepkirui Gloria , Kiplagat Andrew , Sitienei Anne
Published: March 2022

Soil erosion is still one of the most important land problems and it is linked to land use and land cover changes. These have negative effects on land resource which ultimately affects agricultural productivity and water quality. Local monitoring systems constitute an almost compulsory component of any program or project dealing with sustainable management of natural resources. The purpose of this study was to identify soil erosion monitoring indicators in Kuresoi South, Kenya. The study was comprised of a total representative sample population of 68 respondents from Kuresoi south catchment which was achieved using Nassiuma coefficient of variation formulae. Our findings reveal a positive significant relationship between soil erosion monitoring indicators and natural resource management. Taken together, soil erosion monitoring indicators can be used in detecting change over time in soil resource.
Awareness of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Medical Students and Surgical Trainees Regarding Surgical Informed Consent: A Cross-sectional Multi-centric Study from Northern India
Authors: Singh Nishtha , Kumar Jain Sudhir , Hameed Tariq , Preet Kochhar Kanwal , Jit Param , Singh Chandra Bhushan
Published: March 2022

Background: Informed Consent is the cornerstone of modern medical and surgical care. All patients have the right to be involved in decisions about their treatment and care. Obtaining SIC (surgical informed consent) is an important and essential skill that one must acquire in medical training, yet many residents receive very little formal education.

Methods: Multiple choice questionnaire designed and after pretesting circulated on Google formsTM having questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude and practice. Total 463 responses obtained and appropriate statistical tests applied in Microsoft Excel and StataSE.

Result: Knowledge-score remained constant for medical students and trainees, Attitude-score (18.59 to 18.93) and Practice-score (2.30 to 3.62) statistically significant increase in score with clinical exposure was noted. Gender wise difference were in A-score, females scored higher 18.87 and males scored 18.49. For trainee doctors unlike P scores, K and A scores did not increase with experience.

Discussion: Early intervention in undergraduate years and continuous upskilling is the need to bridge the hiatus of doctor-patient relationship. This necessitates scenario and role play based teaching, student teaching patient based learning regarding the SIC.

Conclusion: There is a Knowledge attitude practice gap present not only in undergraduate students but postgraduates residents regarding SIC, for which the current curriculum and the ongoing practical training is insufficient to bridge. Indian curriculum must make amendments to bridge it.
A Comprehensive Scenario on Application of Aqua Drugs and Chemicals for the Fish Health Management in Fish Hatcheries and Farms of South-Eastern Part, Bangladesh
Authors: Yesmin Rahima , Rakeb-Ul-Islam Md. , Banik Partho , Ujjaman Nur As-Ad , Paul Shyamal Kumar , Saha Debasish , Majumdar Priyanka Rani
Published: March 2022

Aims: The study was carried out to understand the current status of used drugs and chemicals in fish hatcheries and farms in Feni district, Bangladesh.

Methodology: Data were collected by pre-defined questionnaire interview, personal contact with farm and hatchery owners, and representatives of pharmaceutical companies by market survey.

Results: Twelve different groups of chemicals were being used for disease treatment and fish health management. Traditionally used chemicals were Lime, Salt, Potash (KMnO4) and Melathion. Although Malachite green hazardous to human health, it was widely used in hatcheries. Geotox, JV Zeolite, Amoxy fish, Megavit Aqua, Square aqua premix, Orgavit, Pure Oxy, Vitamin gel, O2-Marine etc. were widely used new chemicals. Renamycin was the most widely (36% farmer) used antibiotic followed by Oxysentin 20%, Orgamycin15% and Otetra vet power 50.

Conclusion: Nearly all farmers did not apply chemicals and drugs at proper doses because they thought the higher the doses applied the more and rapid will be the action. It was found that manufacturers and retailers of the products often neglected to provide farmers with necessary information regarding active ingredients and relevant instructions for safe and efficient use of aqua-drugs and chemicals. Recommended use of chemicals apparently brings good result but indiscriminate use of chemicals can be extremely detrimental to fish and our environment as well as to us and therefore, all of us should be aware of the proper use of chemicals.
Face Recognition Technology Based on Neural Network: A Review
Authors: Li Po , Lu Zaoyong
Published: March 2022

An artificial neural network (ANN) is an information processing system established by simulating the structure and logical thinking of the human brain. It uses the interconnection between a large number of neurons to form a network system that can perform complex calculations, and is widely used. For various complex problems, by choosing different model structures and transfer functions, various neural networks can be formed and different expressions of the relationship between output and input can be obtained. Face recognition is one of the important research directions of ANN. It mainly refers to the automatic inference of identity, expression, age, gender and other attribute information through the analysis of facial images, videos or pictures and video collections of people. Widely used in mobile payment, safe city, criminal investigation and other fields. The origin, types and research progress of ANN are introduced, and the face recognition technology based on neural network are investigated.
Wine Production from Apple (Malus pumila) Using Yeast Isolated from Palmwine
Authors: Ezemba C. C. , Anakwenze V. N. , Ezemba A. S.
Published: March 2022

The study was aimed at the production of apple (Malus pumila) fruit wine with the use of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine. Both primary and secondary fermentation of the apple lasted 28 days. Aliquot samples were removed and used daily from the fermentation tank for analysis of alcohol content, specific gravity, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugar using standard procedures. During fermentation, pH of the fruit must range from 5.0 to 3.2. There was an increase in alcohol content, which was observed with time. Finally at the end of the 28th day’s fermentation, the alcohol concentration in the fruit wine was observed to be 3.2%. Also titratable acidity concentration of the wine shows steady increase with time throughout the fermentation period. This study has revealed that much acceptable wine with quality could be produced from apple with Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine. Sensory evaluation results showed there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in flavor, taste, clarity and overall acceptability between apple wine and a reference wine. The apple wine was generally accepted.
Carrot Harvesting Methods: A Review
Authors: Gaadhe S. K. , Tiwari V. K.
Published: March 2022

Carrot harvesting is one of the critical operations and is done once the carrot is matured after 90 – 110 days. Carrots grow on ridges and are harvested after loosening from the soil surface and pulling out roots by grasping the top.  For harvesting carrots manually in one hectare, an average of 250 – 300 man-hours are required which is very expensive for farmers besides the quantum of labor, manual harvesting involves considerable drudgery and human discomfort. The experiment was conduct in 2021-22 at Junagadh agricultural university. During peak time sufficient labors are not available that delay the harvesting and thus result in damage and loss to crop. The harvesting operation of carrots needs to be mechanized for time-saving, reduce drudgery involved, and also reduce harvesting cost due to these, the crop is cultivated on small scale and is one of the main bottlenecks in bringing more area under the carrot cultivation. The large-scale diversification and reduction in the cost of cultivation in carrot crops are mainly possible through the mechanization of the carrot digging process. In this study considered parameters ware digging efficiency, damage percentage, picking efficiency, conveying efficiency and field efficiency. Parameters was statistically analyzed by factorial complete randomized design method.
Improving Health Literacy of TB Patients at Bandarharjo Health Center through TB Literacy Book Media (BuLit TB)
Authors: Ernawati Dyah , Kusuma Edi Jaya , Utami Varesti Widaning , Iqbal Muhammad , Handayani Sri , Isworo Slamet
Published: March 2022

Objective and Background: The Bandarharjo Health Center reported in 2019 that the number of cases of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis had increased to four. The current program to increase patient TB literacy is only education delivered by TB officers, and no specific media is used to increase patient TB literacy. The purpose of this study was to create literacy media in the form of TB literacy books (BuLit TB) in order to improve the literacy of TB patients at the Bandarharjo Health Center.

Methods: This study included 50 tuberculosis patients whose literacy levels were assessed both before and after the intervention media was administered. In this study, the information gain method is used to determine the level of importance of a variable based on its target value. In addition, non-parametric tests were used in this study to determine the effect of the intervention on respondents' TB knowledge and Health Literacy levels.

Results: According to the findings of this study, testing using a weighting algorithm reveals that education and age variables are important on the level of TB knowledge, with weights of 0.221 and 0.155, respectively. Furthermore, the education and address variables have a weighted score of 0.205 and 0.198, respectively, on the respondent's health literacy level. Non-parametric statistical tests revealed that BuLit TB media was effective in increasing the literacy of TB patients at the Bandarharjo Health Center.

Conclusion: The BuLit TB media can be used by Health Center officers to help TB patients with literacy and education.
Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis during Pandemic of COVID-19: A First Case Reported in Libya
Authors: Baayou Mohamed , Elshagmani Eltaher , Emaetig Fatma , Yousef Ben Sase Mohamed , Ahmed Hamasat Mustafa , Hamouda Fatma Ali , Salah Khaled S. Ben
Published: March 2022

Mucormycosis is an unusual systemic infection caused by multicellular fungi. Despite,  few reports have been documented world widely, incidences of mucormycosis are recently increasing due to several predisposing factors such as diabetes, COVID-19 pandemic, and over prescription of corticosteroids. The clinical symptoms of this disease are often unfamiliar and vague. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report that describes a case of clinical human mucormycosis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya. This report discusses also the risk factors and steps that can be applied to prevent occurrence of this disease. The patient is a 58-year-old Libyan female who presented with a history of COVID-19 infection, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and stable ischemic heart disease. She was complaining of loss of vision of the right eye, redness, and swelling all over the right face with scattered areas of blackish discoloration involving the inner third of the right eye and right face. Clinical examination showed bilateral basal and mid-lung fields fine crepitation, abdominal distension, severe chemosis, proptosis, restriction of all eye movement, aniscoria, upper lid ptosis and loss of corneal sensation of right eye. Computerized tomography (CT-Scan) of brain, para-nasal sinus, and orbit revealed right periorbital cellulitis, right eye proptosis, right ethmoidal, maxillary, sphenoidal sinusitis, and right cavernous sinus thrombosis without bone erosion. The histopathological report showed numerous broad branching aseptate hyphae and spores with acute cellulitis indicating an invasive fungal infection (mucormycosis). Mucormycosis is a rare fatal disease. Physician awareness and early management may significantly reduce mucormycosis severity.
Expression of CD127 Suppresses T Regulatory Cells in Psoriasis
Authors: Tarafder Shirin , Sultana Sabia S.
Published: March 2022

Background: Psoriasis is a genetically regulated autoimmune skin disease associated with the impaired suppressive function of Treg cells. Foxp3 is the accepted marker of Treg cell, but CD127 (IL-7Rα), a surface marker of activated T cell, can distinguish the functional status of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg cells. The study aimed to demonstrate the functional status of Treg cells in peripheral blood of psoriasis patients, to analyze their association with disease severity and duration, serum IL-17 level, and IL-23R gene polymorphism to observe the relationship with susceptibility to psoriasis.

Methods: Thirty-five psoriasis patients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Demographical details were recorded, severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scoring. Treg cells were quantified by flowcytometric immunophenotyping, serum IL-17 level by ELISA, and IL-23R gene polymorphism by Real-Time PCR.

Results: Increased circulatory CD4+CD25+FoxP3+Treg and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127+/pTreg cells observed in psoriatics than in controls (P<0.05) but CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127-/tTreg cells significantly decreased (P<0.001). IL-17 levels were elevated in psoriatics (P=0.002). In severe patients, FoxP3 expression decreases in tTreg cells and are CD127+. Out of 35 patients, 23 (65.71%) had an AA genotype of IL23Rrs10889677 gene polymorphism, associated with increased Treg, tTreg, pTreg cells, and IL-17 levels revealed susceptibility to psoriasis.

Conclusion: This study shows the loss of tTreg function and pTreg cell activation in psoriasis, supporting the autoimmune disease model. CD127 expression can better distinguish Treg cells and augmenting the CD127-/low population of Treg cells to restore suppressive activity by anti-CD127 mAb therapy can be a potential treatment option for psoriasis patients.
Solar Energy Integration and Potential Challenges in Distribution Network: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bhatt Pramod Kumar
Published: March 2022

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation has emerged as a viable option among all other available energy options. The solar energy is unpredictable and variable in nature. Moreover, the distribution grids are not designed to accommodate high penetration of these sources. Therefore, such penetration poses the technical challenge like reverse power flow, voltage variation, harmonic distortion, poor power quality, malfunctioning of protective devices, overloading and underloading of feeders. Such challenges need to be addressed when solar PVs are added to the conventional grid system. The grid must have capacity to withstand and simultaneously take the corrective action against these occurrences. Therefore, there is a serious need to study these issues and further to develop control strategies to eliminate them. This paper presents various issues and challenges associated with high level PV integration in the distribution network and discussed the remedies to obtain the clean power supply.
A Study Protocol to Assess the Effects of Storage on Blood Components and Packed Red Blood Cells in Blood Bank
Authors: Noman Obaid , Pawar Dipali S. , Vagha Sunita
Published: March 2022

Background: For preservation of Packed Red blood cells (PRBCs), the recommended optimum conditions includes storage at 2-60 C in specialised blood storage refrigerators. PRBCs are required for blood transfusions in some life-saving situations and can be stored for 42 days. But during this storage period, continuous degradation of RBCs occurs and oxygen carrying capacity gets reduced. These changes inadvertently affect the lifespan of stored RBCs. Therefore during this storage period, routine evaluation is recommended. This study aimed to assess the storage effects on Blood Component and internal quality control of packed red cells.

Methodology: This Prospective Cohort study includes analysis of 50 Packed Red blood cells bags for RBC count, Haemoglobin and RBC indices. The analysis will be done on Day 1, Day 21 and Day 42 from the date of blood collection. The study will be carried in Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Blood Centre and Department of Pathology, JNMC, AVBRH, Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The data collected will be analysed using appropriate statistical tools.

Expected Results: Haemoglobin and Red cell indices with the help of cell counter will be analysed. Effects of storage on packed red blood cells will be drawn from the analysis.
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Three Novel Hydroxy Flavones
Authors: Kumar K. Vijay , Verma Reena
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of three 7-hydroxy flavone derivatives; 7-HF, 7,3’,4’-THF, and 7,8,3’-THF,

Materials and Methods: The acute anti-inflammatory effect of 7-hydroxy flavones was the effect of 7-hydroxy flavones on certain mediators of pain and inflammation like cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b and TNF- were investigated by using in vitro tests.

Results: The investigated 7hydroxy flavones produced a significant, the test compounds inhibited both the isoforms of cyclooxygenase, a higher degree of inhibition on COX-2 was evident. Concentration-dependent inhibition of other inflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1b was identified in the present study

Conclusion: conclusion of the present study reveal the pain and anti-inflammatory action of the investigated 7hydroxy flavones. The inhibitory effects of 7hydroxy flavone on various pro-inflammatory cytokines provide evidence for the mechanism of action of these compounds against pain and inflammation.
Treatment Effectiveness of Biologic-DMARDs and their Impact on Disease Control among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kassab Yaman W. , Salahuddin Amra , Moiz Muhammad Umer Abdul , Ehsan Abdullah , Syed Haroon Khalid , Haseeb Abdul , Alghamdi Abdullah Mohammed , Menon Shashidharan , Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Shahid Iqbal Muhammad
Published: March 2022

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate treatment effectiveness of biologic-DMARDs and their impact on overall disease control and management among rheumatoid arthritis patients being treated on biologic-DMARDs.

Methods: The study was performed among RA patients and disease activity score (DAS) were calculated using DAS 28. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to obtained the results. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Different demographic characteristics were studied from the selected cohort of the RA patients. Around 89 of the studied patients were males and 64 were females. More than half of the patients were 60 years or above. Around 50% of the patients were diagnosed with RA five years or earlier. Among the studied RA patients, a significant therapy response was obtained which resulted in overall improvement in disease outcomes and showed treatment effectiveness among them.

Conclusion: From the obtained results, it was concluded that all of the studied RA patients received optimum medication therapy with biologic-DMARDs and achieved significant therapy response which resulted in overall improvement in disease outcomes.