bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Nous avons réinventé la sociologie »
Authors: Paulange-Mirovic Alexandre
Published: October 2013

L’Association pour le développement des sciences sociales appliquées est une association créée en 1971 par Michel Crozier, Henri Mendras et Jean-Daniel Reynaud. Elle propose un cycle de formation à la sociologie qui devient en 1975 le DEA de sociologie des organisations de l’IEP de Paris. L’article propose de prendre cette entreprise académique à la fois comme un révélateur des concurrences et des enjeux qui structurent l’espace de la sociologie française entre 1968 et 1975, et comme un moyen de penser la dynamique interne du projet scientifique de Michel Crozier. Alors que l’ambition de « faire école » répond aux besoins de reproduction du corps et de professionnalisation, la promotion d’une « sociologie appliquée », contre un modèle d’excellence universitaire, révèle l’expression de dispositions formées dans un état antérieur des rapports au sein de la discipline.
L'expertise politique et le tournant argumentatif
Authors: Fischer Frank
Published: October 2013

À partir d’une critique de l’approche néopositiviste de l’analyse des politiques publiques, un large corpus de travaux de recherche sur les politiques publiques s’est développé ces dernières années en s’appuyant sur le tournant argumentatif proposé par Frank Fischer et John Forester en 1993. Cet article propose d’explorer les différents aspects de ce tournant en le resituant dans le contexte qui lui a donné naissance aux États-Unis, en évoquant ses enjeux épistémologiques, conceptuels et pratiques. Il insiste tout particulièrement sur le caractère problématique de la séparation de l’empirique et du normatif proposée par les approches traditionnelles des politiques publiques.
Une approche interprétative de la gouvernance
Authors: Bevir Mark
Published: October 2013

Cet article présente l’approche interprétative de la gouvernance, une approche inspirée par la philosophie herméneutique, qui met l’accent sur l’intentionnalité, l’historicité et la réflexivité et qui propose de repenser la gouvernance. Cette approche a été développée pour répondre aux défis posés par les théories du choix rationnel et leurs remises en cause des premières études sur la gouvernance qui, pour comprendre les réformes néolibérales, s’appuyaient sur un positivisme tempéré et sur la littérature des réseaux de politiques publiques. En considérant la gouvernance comme le produit d’un travail de mise en sens et en s’appuyant sur une conception non essentialiste de l’État, cette approche répond ainsi à l’idée de méta-gouvernance défendue par les tenants du choix rationnel. Cet article présente cette approche en insistant sur l’intentionnalité et l’historicité, en l’illustrant par des exemples d’histoires de gouvernance, et en proposant en conclusion les implications d’une telle approche pour l’analyse des politiques publiques. La théorie interprétative encourage une approche plus éclectique des données, suggère la méfiance vis-à-vis de tout modèle ou cadre formel, et accorde un rôle renforcé donné au storytelling .
Entre définition et propagation des énoncés de solution
Authors: Zittoun Philippe
Published: October 2013

À partir de l’étude empirique de la mise en place d’un tramway à Paris, l’article se propose de montrer l’influence des pratiques discursives dans les processus décisionnels. Plus précisément, il s’agit de mettre en évidence trois dimensions du discours en « action » qui y jouent un rôle essentiel : le discours comme pratique définitionnelle et analytique pour produire du sens et former un énoncé « cohérent » ; comme pratique de persuasion pour propager cet énoncé et former une coalition discursive ; comme pratique conflictuelle de pouvoir pour redéfinir une topographie des positions. La fabrique d’une politique publique, saisie à travers l’analyse des jeux de langages, d’acteurs et de positions, doit être observée comme une activité politique majeure au cours de laquelle un gouvernement se propose de mettre en ordre la société.
Parcours de jeunes diplômés dans le champ du développement : « miroirs » d'un secteur qui change
Authors: Le Naëlou Anne
Published: October 2013

Une enquête portant sur les premières années d’activité professionnelle de jeunes diplômés dans les métiers du développement montre des cheminements divers et des pratiques professionnelles contrastées. La hausse des niveaux de formation, la concurrence forte avec de nouvelles compétences issues des pays du Sud, l’instauration de procédures toujours plus techniques destinées à garantir la qualité des programmes menés et l’exigence de maîtrise de savoirs spécialisés bouleversent continuellement l’accès au champ et les modalités pour y travailler.
La micro-assurance, un nouvel outil dans le secteur de la micro-finance : le cas d'un organisme de micro-finance rurale au Mexique
Authors: Sulmont Annabelle
Published: October 2013

La micro-finance, comme outil privilégié de l’Aide au Développement, est chaque jour davantage, et particulièrement depuis la révélation publique de la banqueroute d’institutions micro-financières reconnues, poussée à s’intégrer au marché traditionnel. L’introduction récente du produit financier « micro-assurance » à son portefeuille de services semble accélérer ce processus, remaniant et déstabilisant, dans le même mouvement, les professionnalités du secteur. Les actions de l’Asociación Mexicana de Uniones de Crédito del Sector Social, au Mexique, présentées ici, témoignent des bouleversements introduits par ce produit.
Des idées aux pratiques : la coopération technique agricole brésilienne à l'épreuve du terrain africain
Authors: Goulet Frédéric , Gabas Jean-Jacques , Sabourin Éric
Published: October 2013

Cet article propose une analyse des pratiques de la coopération technique agricole brésilienne sur le continent africain. Il montre que les acteurs brésiliens revendiquent une rupture avec la coopération « traditionnelle » Nord-Sud, au profit d’une approche fondée sur l’horizontalité Sud-Sud et le désintéressement. L’analyse de leurs activités révèle cependant une vision techniciste du développement, parfois associée à des enjeux commerciaux. Il démontre également que la mise en pratique de ces coopérations constitue une mise à l’épreuve des compétences des opérateurs brésiliens, tant au niveau de la coordination des projets qu’à celui des institutions en charge de la coopération.
Les professionnels de la préparation. Aider la République Démocratique du Congo à réduire sa déforestation : Programme redd+
Authors: Ehrenstein Véra
Published: October 2013

Cet article, basé sur une enquête ethnographique, traite des « professionnels de la préparation » qui, en République démocratique du Congo ( rdc ), sont chargés de préparer le pays à réduire sa déforestation (Programme redd +). Ces professionnels sont des acteurs expatriés de l’Aide au développement, caractérisés par leur mobilité géographique et l’adaptabilité de leur savoir-faire. L’article propose de les étudier en restituant différentes mises à l’épreuve de leur activité, et montre le caractère expérimental de celle-ci. Préparer un pays tel que la rdc , immense et à peine sorti de guerre, prend la forme d’une intervention tâtonnante et minimale.
L'étalon-or des évaluations randomisées : du discours de la méthode à l'économie politique
Authors: Bédécarrats Florent , Guérin Isabelle , Roubaud François
Published: October 2013

Cet article explore le contraste entre les limites (nombreuses) et la circonscription (très étroite) du champ réel d’application des méthodes expérimentales d’évaluation d’impacts par assignation aléatoire ; et également leur succès, attesté à la fois par leur nombre et leur forte médiatisation. L’analyse suggère que ce contraste est le fruit d’une conjonction économique et politique particulière, émanant de stratégies novatrices de la part des chercheurs de cette nouvelle école, et d’intérêts et de préférences spécifiques provenant à la fois du monde académique et de la communauté des donateurs.
L'évaluation, un outil au service de l'efficacité du développement
Authors: Boisteau Charlotte
Published: October 2013

Le 15 octobre 2012 s’est tenu le premier séminaire conjoint f3e 2 - afd 3 sur l’évaluation 4 . Ce séminaire avait pour objectif de dresser un état des lieux des pratiques et des enjeux de l’évaluation dans le contexte en rapide évolution de l’efficacité du développement.
Le nimby est mort. Vive la résistance éclairée : le cas de l'opposition à un projet de décharge, Essonne, France
Authors: Sébastien Léa
Published: October 2013

Le nimby est présenté comme un front de refus systématique aux projets industriels générateurs de nuisances, fondé sur l’ignorance et l’égoïsme. Dans certains cas, il n’en est rien. Voici l’exemple d’une résistance organisée face à un projet de décharge sur la petite commune rurale de Saint-Escobille (Essonne, France). En décortiquant le processus de contestation, cet article montre que le conflit environnemental a conduit au renforcement de quatre types de capitaux : le capital social, le capital savant, le capital patrimonial et le capital politique. Ce type d’opposition locale, que nous appelons « résistance éclairée » peut alors être l’expression d’un mouvement social enrichissant la démocratie et créant de nouvelles valeurs territoriales.
A Novel Approach to Tracking Antigen-Experienced CD4 T Cells into Functional Compartments via Tandem Deep and Shallow TCR Clonotyping
Authors: Estorninho Megan , Gibson Vivienne B. , Kronenberg-Versteeg Deborah , Liu Yuk-Fun , Ni Chester , Cerosaletti Karen , Peakman Mark
Published: October 2013

Extensive diversity in the human repertoire of TCRs for Ag is both a cornerstone of effective adaptive immunity that enables host protection against a multiplicity of pathogens and a weakness that gives rise to potential pathological self-reactivity. The complexity arising from diversity makes detection and tracking of single Ag-specific CD4 T cells (ASTs) involved in these immune responses challenging. We report a tandem, multistep process to quantify rare TCRβ-chain variable sequences of ASTs in large polyclonal populations. The approach combines deep high-throughput sequencing (HTS) within functional CD4 T cell compartments, such as naive/memory cells, with shallow, multiple identifier–based HTS of ASTs identified by activation marker upregulation after short-term Ag stimulation in vitro. We find that clonotypes recognizing HLA class II–restricted epitopes of both pathogen-derived Ags and self-Ags are oligoclonal and typically private. Clonotype tracking within an individual reveals private AST clonotypes resident in the memory population, as would be expected, representing clonal expansions (identical nucleotide sequence; “ultraprivate”). Other AST clonotypes share CDR3β amino acid sequences through convergent recombination and are found in memory populations of multiple individuals. Tandem HTS-based clonotyping will facilitate studying AST dynamics, epitope spreading, and repertoire changes that arise postvaccination and following Ag-specific immunotherapies for cancer and autoimmune disease.
The Binding of TAPBPR and Tapasin to MHC Class I Is Mutually Exclusive
Authors: Hermann Clemens , Strittmatter Lisa M. , Deane Janet E. , Boyle Louise H.
Published: October 2013

The loading of peptide Ags onto MHC class I molecules is a highly controlled process in which the MHC class I–dedicated chaperone tapasin is a key player. We recently identified a tapasin-related molecule, TAPBPR, as an additional component in the MHC class I Ag-presentation pathway. In this study, we show that the amino acid residues important for tapasin to interact with MHC class I are highly conserved on TAPBPR. We identify specific residues in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of TAPBPR involved in associating with MHC class I. Furthermore, we demonstrate that residues on MHC class I crucial for its association with tapasin, such as T134, are also essential for its interaction with TAPBPR. Taken together, the data indicate that TAPBPR and tapasin bind in a similar orientation to the same face of MHC class I. In the absence of tapasin, the association of MHC class I with TAPBPR is increased. However, in the absence of TAPBPR, the interaction between MHC class I and tapasin does not increase. In light of our findings, previous data determining the function of tapasin in the MHC class I Ag–processing and presentation pathway must be re-evaluated.
Nod1 and Nod2 Enhance TLR-Mediated Invariant NKT Cell Activation during Bacterial Infection
Authors: Selvanantham Thirumahal , Escalante Nichole K. , Cruz Tleugabulova Mayra , Fiévé Stephanie , Girardin Stephen E. , Philpott Dana J. , Mallevaey Thierry
Published: October 2013

Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells act at the crossroad between innate and adaptive immunity and are important players in the defense against microbial pathogens. iNKT cells can detect pathogens that trigger innate receptors (e.g., TLRs, Rig-I, Dectin-1) within APCs, with the consequential induction of CD1d-mediated Ag presentation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. We show that the cytosolic peptidoglycan-sensing receptors Nod1 and Nod2 are necessary for optimal IFN-γ production by iNKT cells, as well as NK cells. In the absence of Nod1 and Nod2, iNKT cells had a blunted IFN-γ response following infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. For Gram-negative bacteria, we reveal a synergy between Nod1/2 and TLR4 in dendritic cells that potentiates IL-12 production and, ultimately, activates iNKT cells. These findings suggest that multiple innate pathways can cooperate to regulate iNKT cell activation during bacterial infection.
Chronic Follicular Bronchiolitis Requires Antigen-Specific Regulatory T Cell Control To Prevent Fatal Disease Progression
Authors: Schmitt Erica G. , Haribhai Dipica , Jeschke Jonathan C. , Co Dominic O. , Ziegelbauer Jennifer , Yan Ke , Iwakura Yoichiro , Mishra Manoj K. , Simpson Pippa , Salzman Nita H. , Williams Calvin B.
Published: October 2013

To study regulatory T (Treg) cell control of chronic autoimmunity in a lymphoreplete host, we created and characterized a new model of autoimmune lung inflammation that targets the medium and small airways. We generated transgenic mice that express a chimeric membrane protein consisting of hen egg lysozyme and a hemoglobin epitope tag under the control of the Clara cell secretory protein promoter, which largely limited transgene expression to the respiratory bronchioles. When Clara cell secretory protein–membrane hen egg lysozyme/hemoglobin transgenic mice were crossed to N3.L2 TCR transgenic mice that recognize the hemoglobin epitope, the bigenic progeny developed dense, pseudo-follicular lymphocytic peribronchiolar infiltrates that resembled the histological pattern of follicular bronchiolitis. Aggregates of activated IFN-γ– and IL-17A–secreting CD4+ T cells as well as B cells surrounded the airways. Lung pathology was similar in Ifng−/− and Il17a−/− mice, indicating that either cytokine is sufficient to establish chronic disease. A large number of Ag-specific Treg cells accumulated in the lesions, and Treg cell depletion in the affected mice led to an interstitial spread of the disease that ultimately proved fatal. Thus, Treg cells act to restrain autoimmune responses, resulting in an organized and controlled chronic pathological process rather than a progressive disease.
Regulation of Apoptosis and Innate Immune Stimuli in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Labor
Authors: Jaiswal Mukesh K. , Agrawal Varkha , Mallers Timothy , Gilman-Sachs Alice , Hirsch Emmet , Beaman Kenneth D.
Published: October 2013

An innate immune response is required for successful implantation and placentation. This is regulated, in part, by the a2 isoform of V-ATPase (a2V) and the concurrent infiltration of M1 (inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages to the uterus and placenta. The objective of the present study was to identify the role of a2V during inflammation-induced preterm labor in mice and its relationship to the regulation of apoptosis and innate immune responses. Using a mouse model of infection-induced preterm delivery, gestational tissues were collected 8 h after intrauterine inoculation on day 14.5 of pregnancy with either saline or peptidoglycan (PGN; a TLR 2 agonist) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C); a TLR3 agonist], modeling Gram-positive bacterial and viral infections, respectively. Expression of a2V decreased significantly in the placenta, uterus, and fetal membranes during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. Expression of inducible NO synthase was significantly upregulated in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated placenta and uterus. PGN+poly(I:C) treatment disturbed adherens junction proteins and increased apoptotic cell death via an extrinsic pathway of apoptosis among uterine decidual cells and spongiotrophoblasts. F4/80+ macrophages were increased and polarization was skewed in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated uterus toward double-positive CD11c+ (M1) and CD206+ (M2) cells, which are critical for the clearance of dying cells and rapid resolution of inflammation. Expression of Nlrp3 and activation of caspase-1 were increased in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated uterus, which could induce pyroptosis. These results suggest that the double hit of PGN+poly(I:C) induces preterm labor via reduction of a2V expression and simultaneous activation of apoptosis and inflammatory processes.
A physical approach for a simultaneous retrieval of sounding, surface, hydrometeor, and cryospheric parameters from SNPP/ATMS
Authors: Boukabara S.‐A. , Garrett K. , Grassotti C. , Iturbide‐Sanchez F. , Chen W. , Jiang Z. , Clough S. A. , Zhan X. , Liang P. , Liu Q. , Islam T. , Zubko V. , Mims A.
Published: October 2013

We present in this study the results obtained when applying a physical algorithm based on a variational methodology to data from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) for a consistent retrieval of geophysical data in all weather conditions. The algorithm, which runs operationally at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, is applied routinely to a number of sounders from the Polar‐Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and the European Meteorological Operational satellite constellations. The one‐dimension variational (1DVAR) methodology, which relies on a forward operator, the Community Radiative Transfer Model, allows for solving the inversion of the radiometric measurements into geophysical parameters which have a direct impact on the brightness temperatures. The parameters that are produced by this Microwave Integrated Retrieval System algorithm include the atmospheric temperature T(p), moisture Q(p), and vertically integrated total precipitable water; and the surface skin temperature and emissivity as well as the hydrometeor products of nonprecipitating cloud liquid water and rain‐ and ice‐water paths. In this algorithm, a simple postprocessing is applied to the 1DVAR‐generated emissivity to derive cryospheric products (snow water equivalent and sea‐ice concentration) when the data are measured over these surfaces. The postprocessing is also applied to the hydrometeors products to generate a surface rainfall rate. This comprehensive set of sounding, surface, hydrometeor, and cryospheric products generated from SNPP/ATMS is therefore radiometrically consistent, meaning that when input to the forward operator, it will allow the simulation of the actual brightness temperatures measurements within noise levels. The geophysical consistency between the products, also critical, is satisfied due to the physical approach adopted and the geophysical constraints introduced through the correlation matrix used in the variational system. The results shown in this paper confirm that the performances of all products are within the expected accuracy and precision figures and comparable to performances usually obtained with single‐parameter‐dedicated algorithms, with the added value that the inverted products are both radiometrically and geophysically consistent.
CdS Quantum Dots Encapsulated in Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Silica: New Iridescent and Luminescent Materials
Authors: Nguyen Thanh‐Dinh , Hamad Wadood Y. , MacLachlan Mark J.
Published: October 2013

Simultaneous integration of light emission and iridescence into a semiconducting photonic material is attractive for the design of new optical devices. Here, a straightforward, one‐pot approach for liquid crystal self‐assembly of semiconductor quantum dots into cellulose nanocrystal‐templated silica is developed. Through a careful balance of the intermolecular interactions between a lyotropic tetraalkoxysilane/cellulose nanocrystal dispersion and water‐soluble polyacrylic acid/mercaptopropionic acid‐stabilized CdS quantum dots, CdS/silica/nanocellulose composites that retain both chiral nematic order of the cellulose nanocrystals and emission of the quantum dots are successfully co‐assembled. Subsequent removal of the cellulose template and organic stabilizers in the composites by controlled calcination generates new freestanding iridescent, luminescent chiral nematic mesoporous silica‐encapsulated CdS films. The pores of these materials are accessible to analytes and, consequently, the CdS quantum dots undergo strong luminescence quenching when exposed to TNT solutions or vapor.
Past residence outside of the United States is associated with diet quality in adults currently residing in the United States
Authors: Frankenfeld Cara L. , Poudrier Jill , Waters Nigel , Gillevet Patrick M.
Published: October 2013

Objective

To evaluate healthy dietary factors in relation to prior residence outside the United States (US) among university‐affiliated individuals currently residing in the US.

Methods

Current diet information was collected via a 4‐day food record and residential history data were collected by in‐person interview for 114 individuals.

Results

Residence outside of the US at any point during the interviewee's life was associated with higher diet quality (Healthy Eating Index‐2005: 50.0 vs. 46.8) and lower added sugar intake (25.8 vs. 34.9 g/d). Concordance of residence as a child (≤12 years of age) and within the prior 5 years was more strongly associated with higher HEI‐2005 score (52.7) than if childhood was outside of the US and recent within the US (47.1), compared with individuals who have only resided within the US (46.9). Results were similar when also accounting for self‐reported current residence as permanent residence. Current diet quality, food groups, and nutrient intakes differed depending on where in the world region individuals resided as a child. Restricting the analyzes to a subgroup of individuals of younger age and similar education attenuated associations.

Conclusions

Lower added sugar intake and higher overall diet quality were most consistently associated with residence outside of the US, and recent residence outside of the US may be more strongly associated than childhood residence. Some of these differences may be explained by demographic or socioeconomic factors. Future studies could evaluate explanatory factors for these observations, including detailed socioeconomic factors, exposure to diverse foods, and accessibility of processed foods. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:64–72, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Method of Continuous Variations: Applications of Job Plots to the Study of Molecular Associations in Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Renny Joseph S. , Tomasevich Laura L. , Tallmadge Evan H. , Collum David B.
Published: October 2013

Applications of the method of continuous variations (MCV or the Method of Job) to problems of interest to organometallic chemists are described. MCV provides qualitative and quantitative insights into the stoichiometries underlying association of m molecules of A and n molecules of B to form AmBn . Applications to complex ensembles probe associations that form metal clusters and aggregates. Job plots in which reaction rates are monitored provide relative stoichiometries in rate‐limiting transition structures. In a specialized variant, ligand‐ or solvent‐dependent reaction rates are dissected into contributions in both the ground states and transition states, which affords insights into the full reaction coordinate from a single Job plot. Gaps in the literature are identified and critiqued.
Nickel‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of terminal alkynes, dihalomethane and amines to propargylamines
Authors: Lanke Satish R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: October 2013

Direct C―H and C―halogen activation is an important and practical task in C―C, C―N bond formation reactions using alkynes. Propargylic amines are synthetically versatile intermediates for the preparation of many nitrogen‐containing biologically active motifs. Herein, a 15 mol% Ni(py)4Cl2/bipyridine‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of alkynes, halomethane and amines through C―H and C―halogen activation was developed for the facile synthesis of propargylic amines. Tetramethylguanidine shows excellent basicity in acetonitrile and works under mild conditions. The reaction has very good functional group tolerance to aliphatic and aromatic alkynes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient, one‐pot and CuCl‐catalyzed route to the synthesis of symmetric organic disulfides via domino reactions of thioacetamide and aryl (alkyl) halides
Authors: Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad , Hemmati Maryam
Published: October 2013

In this article, a simple, general and novel method for the synthesis of diaryl (dialkyl) disulfides from aryl (alkyl) halides is described. This is a convenient approach that involves the use of commercially available and inexpensive thioacetamide as a sulfur transfer reagent in the domino process for the synthesis of symmetric organic disulfides. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AgOTf‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Cyclization of Triynols with NXS: Rapid Synthesis of Densely Trisubstituted Naphthalenes and Quinolines
Authors: Chen Zhiyuan , Jia Xuegong , Ye Changqing , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: October 2013

A silver triflate‐catalyzed electrophilic cyclization reaction of acyclic triynols with NXS (X=I, Br) under mild conditions is reported. Three reactive functional groups, such as a carbonyl group, an alkyne group, and a halogen, could be selectively installed at the C1, C2, and C3 positions to obtain the naphthalene and quinoline products, respectively. The obtained densely trisubstituted products could be further transformed into more complex aromatic products by manipulating the alkynyl moiety and the other two functional groups as synthons.
The photochemical determinants of color vision
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Geiger James H , Borhan Babak
Published: October 2013

The evolution of a variety of important chromophore‐dependent biological processes, including microbial light sensing and mammalian color vision, relies on protein modifications that alter the spectral characteristics of a bound chromophore. Three different color opsins share the same chromophore, but have three distinct absorptions that together cover the entire visible spectrum, giving rise to trichromatic vision. The influence of opsins on the absorbance of the chromophore has been studied through methods such as model compounds, opsin mutagenesis, and computational modeling. The recent development of rhodopsin mimic that uses small soluble proteins to recapitulate the binding and wavelength tuning of the native opsins provides a new platform for studying protein‐regulated spectral tuning. The ability to achieve far‐red shifted absorption in the rhodopsin mimic system was attributed to a combination of the lack of a counteranion proximal to the iminium, and a uniformly neutral electrostatic environment surrounding the chromophore.
How do I kill thee? Let me count the ways: p53 regulates PARP‐1 dependent necrosis
Authors: Elkholi Rana , Chipuk Jerry E.
Published: October 2013

Understanding the impact of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway on the regulation of genome integrity, cancer development, and cancer treatment has intrigued scientists and clinicians for decades. It appears that the p53 pathway is a central node for nearly all cell stress responses, including: gene expression, DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, metabolic adjustments, apoptosis, and senescence. In the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that p53 function is directly regulated by poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1), a nuclear enzyme involved in DNA repair signaling. Here, we will discuss the impact of PARP‐1 on p53 function, along with a recently described novel role for the reciprocal regulation of p53 regulated, PARP‐1 dependent necrosis following DNA damage.
Absorption, metabolism and effect of compatibility on absorption of qishenyiqi dropping pill
Authors: Han Yan‐qi , Wang Jing , Cui Qing‐xin , Wang Li‐qiang , Cheng Bin‐feng , Zhao Hong‐zhi , Jiang Min , Bai Gang , Luo Guo‐an
Published: October 2013

Qishenyiqi dropping pill (QSYQ), is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription for treating heart diseases in China. Knowledge concerning the systemic identification of active compounds and metabolic components of QSYQ is generally lacking. Therefore, it is essential to develop a valid method for the analysis of active compounds of the combined prescription and determination of interactions among the herbs. The absorbable compounds and metabolites of QSYQ were profiled using computational chemistry prediction, an improved everted gut sac in vitro experiment, the Caco‐2 cell monolayer in vitro test, a rat in vivo experiment and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection/quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrum (UPLC/DAD/Q‐TOF MS). In total, 42 prototype compounds were recognized as absorbable compounds, and eight metabolites were identified by UPLC/DAD/Q‐TOF MS. The absorption rates of phenolic acids and saponins were significantly improved and the absorption of isoflavone was inhibited after compatibility. The volatile oil component had an improved effect on the absorption of other compounds, while its own absorption was inhibited. In conclusion, the present study established a rapid and effective strategy for demonstrating the absorption and metabolism of QSYQ and revealing the compatible relationship among herbs. This investigation can provide a reference for the compatibility of prescriptions and the modernization of TCM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrogating the Process and Meaning of Intergroup Contact: Contrasting Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Hammack Phillip L. , Pilecki Andrew , Merrilees Christine
Published: October 2013

To address the dearth of research on the process and meaning participants make of intergroup contact in settings of intractable conflict, Israeli, Palestinian and US youth were randomly assigned to conditions of dialogue‐based contact rooted in distinct social psychological theories. Over a 2‐week period, participants completed diaries containing surveys of psychological experience and space for free reflection. US youth reported lower levels of engagement, social identity salience and positive mood relative to Israelis and Palestinians. Qualitative data revealed a pattern of detachment and dissatisfaction among US youth. Compared with participants in a recategorization condition, participants in a mutual differentiation condition of dialogue reported lower levels of self‐consistency and higher levels of intergroup differentiation over time, suggesting the effectiveness of this approach to initiate a process of self‐reflection and intergroup distinctiveness. Palestinian participants in the mutual differentiation condition reported higher levels of empowerment and positive mood throughout contact relative to all other participants, suggesting the effectiveness of this approach to challenge power asymmetries and its positivity for the low‐status group. Results are discussed in terms of innovative methodological approaches to study intergroup processes in contact settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religious Affiliation and Attitudes Towards Gay Men: On the Mediating Role of Masculinity Threat
Authors: Reese Gerhard , Steffens Melanie C. , Jonas Kai J.
Published: October 2013

Previous research suggests that people from some religious backgrounds hold more negative attitudes towards gay men than others do. The current research focuses on psychological variables as an alternative explanation to religious affiliation, testing whether masculinity beliefs regarding gay men and their perceived threat to one's masculinity can explain such between‐group differences in negative attitudes. With a sample of 155 male heterosexual university students (Muslims and Christians in Germany), we found that Muslims held more negative attitudes towards gay men than Christians did. Yet, this relation was partially mediated by beliefs about the masculinity of gay men and the experience of masculinity threat imposed by gay men, substantially reducing the effect of religious affiliation on antigay attitudes. In sum, similar psychological processes explained antigay attitudes of both Muslims and Christians. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant status in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Houshang Nemati , Reza Khodarahmi , Masoud Sadeghi , Ali Ebrahimi , Mansour Rezaei , Vaisi‐Raygani Asad
Published: October 2013

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an unknown aetiology that has been associated with abnormal plasma lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. There are controversial results in the previous studies investigating oxidant/antioxidant systems in psoriasis.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total bilirubin (T. Bili), direct bilirubin (D. Bili), uric acid (UA), apolipoproteins (ApoA1 and ApoB), Lp(a) and activities of paraxonase 1 (PON1) in 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls, and to look for a correlation between these parameters in psoriasis.

PON1, bilirubin and UA were measured spectrophotometrically, MDA by the high‐performance liquid chromatography method, apolipoproteins and Lp(a) by immunoprecipitation assays, and lipid and other biochemical parameters were determined by routine laboratory methods.

In patients with psoriasis, there was a significant decrease in PON1, SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05) and an increase in MDA levels (P < 0.01). Also, the levels of bilirubin (total and direct) and UA were decreased in patients with psoriasis but were not significant (P > 0.05).

These results suggest that psoriasis was in a state of oxidative stress and that the protective effects of high‐density lipoprotein against atherosclerosis may be dependent on PON1 activity. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between antioxidant with Lp(a), apoB and MDA levels, suggesting that subjects with higher levels of Lp(a) and apoB and lower levels of antioxidant are more exposed to oxidative damage. These findings may explain in part the reported increase in cardiovascular mortality in psoriasis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Omega 3 chronic supplementation attenuates myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury through reinforcement of antioxidant defense system in rats
Authors: Castillo Rodrigo L. , Arias Consuelo , Farías Jorge G.
Published: October 2013

Currently, controversial clinical data about the protective effects in the consumption of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ischaemic heart diseases exist. Improved myocardial resistance to ischaemia‐reperfusion (IR) injury results in non‐lethal myocardial infarction, which is a relevant factor in the myocardial function. We hypothesized that chronic supplementation with PUFAs reduced infarct size (IS) and induced an improvement on oxidative stress‐related parameters in IR model. Rats were supplemented with two doses of PUFAs D1 (n = 7) (0.6 g kg−1 d−1) and D2 (n = 7) (1.2 g kg−1 d−1) for 8 weeks. Control group (n = 7) received only standard diet. In ex vivo model, all rat hearts were subjected to 30 min of global ischaemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. The IS and left ventricular function were assessed. Lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio and antioxidant enzyme activity were measured in the whole heart. The results show a reduction in IS in a dose‐dependent manner with PUFAs D1 (30.6%) and D2 (48.5%) and higher values of left ventricular developed pressure, at the end of the reperfusion, for each dose, respectively (p < 0.05). The two PUFAs groups showed higher values of GSH/GSSG ratio and lipid peroxidation, and higher values of activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase at basal condition (p < 0.05). At the end of reperfusion, the GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidants enzyme activity did not show a significant drop in their values (p > 0.05). These findings suggested that the supplementation with PUFAs induces cardioprotection against IR injury, associated with reinforcement of the antioxidant defense system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic and Structural Trends in Hexavalent Actinyl Cations: Complexation of Dipicolinic Acid with NpO22+ and PuO22+ in Comparison with UO22+
Authors: Xu Chao , Tian Guoxin , Teat Simon J. , Liu Guokui , Rao Linfeng
Published: October 2013

The complexation of NpO22+ and PuO22+ with dipicolinic acid (DPA) has been investigated in 0.1 M NaClO4 by spectrophotometry, microcalorimetry, and single crystal diffractometry. Formation of 1:1 and 1:2 (metal/ligand molar ratio) complexes of DPA with NpO22+ and PuO22+ were identified and the thermodynamic parameters were determined and compared with those of UO22+. All three hexavalent actinyl cations form strong 1:1 DPA complexes with slightly decreasing but comparable stability constants from UO22+ to PuO22+, whereas the stability constants of the 1:2 complexes (log β2) decrease substantially along the series (16.3 for UO2L22−, 15.17 for NpO2L22−, and 14.17 for PuO2L22− at 25 °C). The enthalpies of complexation for the 1:2 complexes become less exothermic from UO2L22− (−28.9 kJ mol−1), through NpO2L22− (−27.2 kJ mol−1), and to PuO2L22− (−22.7 kJ mol−1). The trends in the thermodynamic parameters are discussed in terms of the effective charge of the cations and the steric constraints in the structures of the complexes. In addition, the features of the absorption spectra, including the wavelength and intensity of the absorption bands, are related to the perturbation of the ligand field and the symmetry of the actinyl complexes.
Improved Synthesis of Cyclic Tertiary Allylic Alcohols by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition of AlMe3 to Enones
Authors: Kolb Andreas , Zuo Wei , Siewert Jürgen , Harms Klaus , von Zezschwitz Paultheo
Published: October 2013

The development of an improved protocol for the enantioselective RhI/binap‐catalysed 1,2‐addition of AlMe3 to cyclic enones is reported. 31P NMR analysis of the reaction revealed that the catalyst in its resting state is a chloride‐bridged dimer. This insight led to the use of AgBF4 as an additive for in situ activation of the dimeric precatalyst. Thus, the catalyst loading can now be reduced to only 1 mol % with respect to rhodium. Various 5–7‐membered cyclic enones can be transformed into tertiary allylic alcohols with excellent levels of enantioselectivity and high yields. The obtained products are versatile synthetic building blocks, shown by a highly enantioselective formal total synthesis of the pheromone (−)‐frontalin as well as formation of a bicyclic lactone that has the core structure of the natural flavour component “wine lactone”.
ChemInform Abstract: Triple‐Layered Perovskite Niobates CaRNb3O10 (R: La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, or Y): New Self‐Activated Oxides.
Authors: Qin Lin , Wei Donglei , Huang Yanlin , Kim Sun Il , Yu Young Moon , Seo Hyo Jin
Published: October 2013

The title compounds are synthesized by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, Nb2O5, and Ln2O3 (Ln: La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Y) at 1300—1350 °C for 20—48 h twice.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailoring Two Polymorphs of LiFePO4 by Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study.
Authors: Zeng Guobo , Caputo Riccarda , Carriazo Daniel , Luo Li , Niederberger Markus
Published: October 2013

Both α‐ and β‐LiFePO4 are synthesized from solutions of LiCl, Fe(OAc)2, and H3PO4 in a mixture of benzyl alcohol and 2‐pyrrolidinone in the ratios 4:1 and 1:1, respectively (microwave irradiation, 195 °C, 3 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Na2FeP2O7: A Safe Cathode for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Barpanda Prabeer , Liu Guandong , Ling Chris D. , Tamaru Mao , Avdeev Maxim , Chung Sai‐Cheong , Yamada Yuki , Yamada Atsuo
Published: October 2013

NaFeP2O7, the charged state of the title compound, shows high thermal stability up to at least 600 °C with no thermal decomposition and/or oxygen evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: KF‐Loaded Mesoporous Mg—Fe Bi‐Metal Oxides: High Performance Transesterification Catalysts for Biodiesel Production.
Authors: Tao Guiju , Hua Zile , Gao Zhe , Zhu Yan , Zhu Yan , Chen Yu , Shu Zhu , Zhang Lingxia , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2013

A high performance transesterification catalyst, KF/Mg2Fe is synthesized by loading/dispersing KF in mesoporous Mg—Fe bi‐metal oxides with a Mg/Fe molar ratio of 2.
ChemInform Abstract: Topochemical Cross‐Linking of the [Hf2N2] Layers with Sulfur in α‐HfNBr.
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Yoshikawa Mayumi , Inumaru Kei , Yamanaka Shoji
Published: October 2013

Reaction of Na2S with α‐HfNBr at 750 °C in a sealed glass tube leads to the formation of α‐Hf2N2S in which the α‐type [Hf2N2] layers are topochemically cross‐linked with sulfur.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Tridentate TsDPEN/Pyridine Ligands in Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones.
Authors: Darwish Moftah O. , Wallace Alistair , Clarkson Guy J. , Wills Martin
Published: October 2013

A series of enantiopure tridentate ligands based on 1,2‐diphenylethane‐1,2‐diamine, containing additional pyridine groups are prepared and applied in asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Friedel—Crafts Cyclization of Tertiary Alcohols Using Bismuth(III) Triflate.
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Bunce Richard A.
Published: October 2013

The Friedel—Crafts cyclizations of tertiary alcohols are efficiently catalyzed by Bi(OTf)3 to produce tetrahydronaphthalenes, chromanes, thiochromanes, tetrahydroquinolines, and tetrahydroisoquinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Reactivity of Pd(OAc)2 with Organic Azides: Expedient Synthesis of Nitriles and Imines.
Authors: Martinez‐Sarti Laura , Diez‐Gonzalez Silvia
Published: October 2013

A cyanide free preparation of nitriles is achieved through Pd‐catalyzed reaction of azides with styrene as hydrogen acceptor.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot 2‐O‐Alkylation of L‐Ascorbic Acid.
Authors: Thopate Shankar R. , Dengale Rohit A. , Kulkarni Mukund G.
Published: October 2013

An efficient reaction cascade for the regioselective 2‐O‐alkylation of L‐ascorbic acid is presented using selective 3‐O‐silylation, subsequent 2‐O‐alkylation and desilylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐ and Metal‐Free Rapid Functionalizations of Alkynes Using TsNBr2.
Authors: Chawla Ruchi , Singh Atul K. , Yadav Lal Dhar S.
Published: October 2013

A rapid, catalyst‐free method for the conversion of terminal and internal alkynes to α,α‐dibromoalkanones is presented using TosNBr2 as the reagent in the presence of water.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and More Powerfully Activating Diamine for Practical and Scalable Enantioselective Aldehyde Crotylsilylation.
Authors: Suen Linda M. , Steigerwald Michael L. , Leighton James L.
Published: October 2013

A convenient one‐pot protocol employing an optically active diaminophenol activator ligand for the diastereo‐ and enantioselective allylation and crotylation of aldehydes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Addition of Enals to Nitroalkenes: Controlling Stereochemistry via the Homoenolate Reactivity Pathway to Access δ‐Lactams.
Authors: White Nicholas A. , DiRocco Daniel A. , Rovis Tomislav
Published: October 2013

A wide range of different substituted syn‐δ‐nitroesters are synthesized by using a novel NHC ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Annulation of 1,3‐Bis(alkoxycarbonyl)buta‐1,3‐dienes and Aldehydes.
Authors: Pezzati Bernardo , Chellat Mathieu F. , Murphy John J. , Besnard Celine , Reginato Gianna , Stephens John C. , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: October 2013

The title reaction proceeds in the presence of an optically active diphenylprolinol derived catalyst to afford cyclohexadienes with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Formation of Aromatic Vinylphosphonium Salts via the Peterson Olefination.
Authors: Lukaszewicz Ewa , Kupinska Anna , Majewski Piotr
Published: October 2013

Para substituents in aromatic aldehydes determine the E/Z‐selectivity in the Peterson olefination due to their electron‐donating or ‐withdrawing character.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activation of Carbohydrates as Formaldehyde Equivalents for Stetter Reaction with Enones.
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Xing Chong , Tiwari Bhoopendra , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: October 2013

The activation includes carbene‐catalyzed C—C bond cleavage of carbohydrates to generate the acyl ion intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: A Closer Look at the Bromine—Lithium Exchange with tert‐Butyllithium in an Aryl Sulfonamide Synthesis.
Authors: Waldmann Christopher , Schober Otmar , Haufe Guenter , Kopka Klaus
Published: October 2013

Various heteroaryl sulfonamides are prepared by a one‐pot four‐step procedure including bromine‐lithium exchange of heteroaryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Benzo[b]thiophene‐2,3‐diones to Functionalized Diaryldisulfides
Authors: Pardasani Ramchand T. , Singh Saurabh , George Johnson , Joshi Rahul , Sundar T. Vaidyanathan
Published: October 2013

via nucleophilic ring opening with Et2NH
ChemInform Abstract: Entirely Green Protocol for the Synthesis of β‐Aminoketones Using Saccharose as a Homogenous Catalyst.
Authors: Mousavi Mir Rasul , Hazeri Nourallah , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Salahi Sajjad , Habibi‐Khorassani Sayyed Mostafa
Published: October 2013

Saccharose is found to be an efficient and homogenous catalyst for the one‐pot, three‐component Mannich reaction of aromatic aldehydes (II), anilines (III), and acetophenone (I) at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Free Allylic Alcohols in Water Catalyzed by FeCl3·6H2O: Which Is the Real Catalyst?
Authors: Trillo Paz , Baeza Alejandro , Najera Carmen
Published: October 2013

The reaction is environmentally friendly and is applied to various N‐, C‐ and O‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Four‐Component Synthesis of Novel Spiro[indeno[2,1‐b]quinoxaline‐11,4′‐pyran]‐2′‐amines.
Authors: Hasaninejad Alireza , Golzar Nooshin , Zare Abdolkarim
Published: October 2013

All products are purified by crystallization.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Zwitterionic Spirocyclic Compounds as Potent CCR1 Antagonists.
Authors: Hossain Nafizal , Ivanova Svetlana , Timen Aasa Sjoeholm , Bergare Jonas , Mussie Tesfaledet , Bergstroem Lena
Published: October 2013

A series of spirocyclic compounds containing chiral pyrrolidinyl‐3‐carboxylate groups are synthesized and their chemotaxis is evaluated in vitro against CCR1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐furanone Derivatives via an Unusual Enolate Wittig Rearrangement/Alkylative Cyclization Sequence.
Authors: Everett Renata K. , Wolfe John P.
Published: October 2013

O‐(Alkynylmethyl)glycolates (I) react with dialkylboron triflates in the presence of Huenig′s base to give highly substituted 3‐hydroxy‐2‐furanone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable [bmIm]OH Promoted One‐Pot Heterocyclization: Synthesis of Substituted Benzofurans.
Authors: Siddiqui I. R. , Waseem Malik Abdul , Shamim Shayna , Shireen Shireen , Srivastava Arjita , Srivastava Anjali
Published: October 2013

In this reaction the ionic liquid plays a triple role as a base, solvent, as well as catalyst.