bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On-slide clearing and imaging of 100-µm-thick histological sections using ethyl cinnamate and epifluorescence
Authors: Kontny Andreas , Stoyanov Dimo , Pavlov Pavel , Wagner Neele , Kolev Nikola , Zlatarov Alexander , Kalinov Turgay , Tonchev Anton B.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Thick histological samples are difficult to image without proper tissue clearing methods. Among these methods ethyl cinnamate (ECi)-based clearing preserves antigenicity and is compatible with immunofluorescent labeling. In contrast to many other clearing protocols, ECi-based clearing is fast and is done as a final step after standard immunofluorescent labeling protocols.

Aim: We aimed to develop a simple method of ECi-based tissue clearing approach of thick (100 µm) sections attached to a slide glass.

Materials and methods: Samples of human colorectal cancer underwent fixation and frozen section. We used indirect immunofluorescence to label Von-Willebrand factor, which is expressed in blood vessels. After completion of labeling and nuclear DAPI staining, the material was dehydrated using alcohols. Finally, the material was cleared and mounted with ECi and subsequently visualized via standard widefield epifluorescence microscopy. Image analysis of z-stacks were evaluated for the depth of visible signals and compared them to non-cleared samples.

Results: Compared to the non-cleared sections, the ECi-cleared sections provided a 2.5-fold increase in the observable tissue thickness following immunofluorescent staining. Further, the proposed approach is time efficient (4 days from tissue preparation to final imaging) as compared to other tissue clearing methods and low cost as it minimizes the use of large amounts of reagents.

Conclusion: ECi-based clearing is a very effective simple extension of standard immunofluorescent protocols and can be implemented in future experiments.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables in two European countries: Results from a survey in France and Portugal
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Florença Sofia G. , Teixeira-Lemos Edite , Lima Maria João , Carlos Gonçalves João
Published: July 2024

Presently, there is a huge burden on public health due to a very high incidence of chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, among others. The modern lifestyle, with inadequate diets and insufficient physical activity, is one of the most important factors contributing to this situation. Therefore, a healthy diet can have a very positive impact on global population health. Fruits and vegetables are staple foods with a typically low caloric value that still contribute to an adequate ingestion of the necessary macro and micronutrients and bioactive compounds, with a beneficial effect on health. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge about the consumption of fruits and vegetables in two countries, Portugal and France. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample of 639 adult participants (382 French and 257 Portuguese). The results revealed significant differences in knowledge between countries, sexes, level of education, body mass index, satisfaction with body weight, reasons for dissatisfaction with weight, and having a chronic disease. The most influential sociodemographic variable was the country, while the most influential behavioral variable was practicing a varied diet. Factor analysis identified two factors, one accounting for items in the scale that were true, and the other accounting for false items; both factors had acceptable internal consistency. Finally, cluster analysis showed three clusters of participants: The first included individuals with high knowledge of both factors, the second included individuals with low or very low knowledge, and the third cluster included individuals with partial knowledge, who only knew about true items. These results are relevant for planning educational measures aimed at improving knowledge and thus helping to promote healthier diets.
Visibiliser les illégalismes de dominants. Enquêtes journalistiques et réaction sociale à l’heure des big data
Authors: Gagey Numa
Published: July 2024

Nombre de scandales financiers qui émaillent l’actualité internationale depuis le début des années 2010 sont le fruit d’enquêtes qui s’appuient sur le datajournalisme. Prenant l’exemple de l’implication des journalistes français dans les enquêtes du Consortium international des journalistes d’investigation (ICIJ), la présente contribution vise à interroger la capacité de ces nouvelles pratiques à transformer la visibilité des illégalismes inhérents aux classes dominantes. Elle s’appuie pour cela sur 17 entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de journalistes d’investigation, ainsi que sur une analyse des productions médiatiques publiées après les révélations. Réinterrogeant l’idée d’un renouvellement de l’enquête et de la réaction sociale grâce au datajournalisme, l’article montre en premier lieu que les scandales leaks se situent dans la continuité des pratiques usuelles d’investigation. En outre, si certaines bases de données ouvertes par les journalistes après l’enquête font l’objet d’une réappropriation institutionnelle, elles sont plutôt destinées à des publics « citoyens » distincts des autorités, et contiennent peu de données susceptibles d’alimenter l’action de ces dernières.
Quand des illégalismes économiques populaires répondent à ceux des puissants. Monopoles commerciaux et pillages alimentaires au Burkina Faso
Authors: Bonnecase Vincent
Published: July 2024

Au Burkina Faso, il est commun d’invoquer les « monopoles commerciaux donnés par l’État aux grands commerçants » même si, officiellement, il n’y a presque plus de monopole dans le pays. Une telle expression dénonce les rapports cachés entre les autorités politiques et les élites économiques et la manière dont ces dernières peuvent, grâce à une application plus souple de la loi à leur encontre, dominer la distribution des biens de consommation courante. Cet article interroge les compréhensions populaires de ce phénomène à partir d’entretiens réalisés dans des quartiers populaires des deux principales villes du pays, mais aussi les réponses collectives qui peuvent lui être données en revenant sur les pillages alimentaires survenus pendant l’insurrection de 2014. Ce faisant, il s’agit de se demander comment des illégalismes économiques populaires répondent ponctuellement à celui des puissants, sans que l’ordre social s’en trouve pour autant bouleversé.
Impact des délestages sur l’efficience technique des firmes manufacturières au Cameroun
Authors: Nzepang Fabrice , Fotso Silvain Raoul , Ewondo Mbebi Olivier
Published: July 2024

L’objectif de ce papier est de mesurer l’impact des délestages sur l’efficience technique des firmes manufacturières au Cameroun. Nous mobilisons les données issues des enquêtes sur les entreprises Enterprises Survey réalisées au Cameroun en 2009 et 2016 par la Banque Mondiale. Dans un premier temps, nous appliquons la méthode d’enveloppement des données (DEA) pour déterminer les scores d’efficience technique des firmes. Nous estimons à 25% et 42% les scores moyens d’efficience pour 2009 et 2016 respectivement, soit une amélioration sur la période. Dans un second temps, nous évaluons l’impact des délestages et d’autres facteurs exogènes sur les scores d’efficience grâce au modèle Tobit instrumenté. Les résultats montrent que la survenue de délestages, le nombre de délestages, la durée d’un délestage, le coût total électricité et les pertes dues aux délestages affectent négativement et significativement les scores d’efficience des firmes manufacturières au Cameroun en 2009 et 2016. Par ailleurs, l’étude montre que les firmes informelles sont plus résilientes aux délestages que les firmes formelles. Ces résultats demandent premièrement, d’améliorer la qualité des infrastructures électriques privées et publiques afin de réduire la survenue des délestages. Deuxièmement, ces résultats proposent de développer des substituts à l’énergie électrique pour faire face aux longues périodes de délestage.Classification JEL : Q40, D24, D20, L25, C26.
Entre préservation des ressources naturelles et transformation sociale, quelle centralité de la ressource dans la théorie des communs ?
Authors: Laurent Adrien , Lecomte Louise
Published: July 2024

Cet article examine l’évolution conceptuelle de la notion de ressource au sein de la théorie des communs, en mettant en lumière la diversité des approches depuis les contributions initiales d’Elinor Ostrom. Au terme d’une revue de littérature intégrative, nous identifions les différents types de ressources étudiées sur le plan empirique. Dans un second temps, une analyse de type abductif nous permet d’identifier deux paradigmes sous-jacents : une perspective naturaliste et une approche relationnelle des communs. Nous montrons que ces paradigmes sont ancrés dans des perspectives divergentes de la ressource sur les plans empirique, ontologique et épistémologique, ainsi que dans une conception particulière du commun dans sa fonction sociopolitique. Nous contribuons, enfin, à dessiner les voies de recherche ouvertes pour de futurs travaux sur les communs.Classification JEL : P28.
Changements dans les pratiques d’enseignement et ancrochage des élèves : une analyse des leviers menée au sein d’un LéA enseignement agricole
Authors: Gardiès Cécile , Fauré Laurent
Published: July 2024

Cet article propose une analyse des changements initiés dans les pratiques d’enseignement pour favoriser l’ancrochage des élèves au sein d’un Lieu d’Éducation Associé (LéA) de l’enseignement agricole. Du point de vue théorique nous mobilisons le modèle quaternaire des pratiques d’enseignement, les différents niveaux de collaboration et le concept de médiation des savoirs. Le recueil des données est effectué au sein de la recherche collaborative et l’analyse en suit les étapes. Les résultats montrent que l’engagement dans une recherche collaborative au sein d’un LéA est une forme de contrat pour un changement avec ici une entrée par les savoirs.
Décrire pour comprendre et transformer les pratiques : un travail coopératif dans un ESAT
Authors: Perraud Caroline
Published: July 2024

La question d’une « société inclusive », en particulier dans le cas des personnes avec un handicap mental, reste une question vive. Pour travailler certains aspects de cette question, nous avons mis en œuvre et étudié une ingénierie coopérative réunissant des professionnels, une chercheuse et des personnes en situation de handicap, dans un établissement et service d’aide par le travail (ESAT), du secteur médico-social. Dans cet article, à partir de deux exemples empiriques, nous montrons la spécificité d’une tel dispositif coopératif, dispositif de recherche inscrit dans le paradigme général du design-based research.
Le rôle de l’épistémologie pratique du professeur dans la mobilisation de certaines normes auto prescrites, en classe de sciences au premier degré
Authors: Marlot Corinne , Boivin-Delpieu Géraldine , Küll Claudia
Published: July 2024

Cette contribution vise à l’enrichissement de la notion d’épistémologie pratique dans le cadre de la TACD (Théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique). Elle tente de comprendre les déterminations de l’action conjointe dans la mise en œuvre de la démarche scientifique en classe, en étudiant la relation entre les normes autoprescrites (NAP) et l’épistémologie pratique (EP) des enseignants. Pour cela, elle met à l’épreuve, à travers deux études de cas contrastées, l’une en France et l’autre en Suisse romande, une méthodologie originale propre à saisir la relation NAP/EP dans le continuum d’action enseignante et, in fine, à modéliser grâce au profil NAP/EP ainsi établi, le rapport des enseignants à la Démarche scientifique à l’école (DSE). La comparaison des profils chez ces deux professeurs a permis de mieux comprendre et expliquer les déterminations de ce rapport spécifique à la DSE et son impact sur la nature des apprentissages scientifiques des élèves.
Amplifying the politics in Service Design
Authors: Akama Yoko , Light Ann , Agid Shana
Published: July 2024

Witnessing the speed of growth and reach in demand for service design (SD) confronts us to ask what neoliberal forces are behind this acceleration? Can services, systems and structures really improve at this velocity; what are we eroding and ignoring in turn? Pausing to ask about the direction and effect of change is critical to recognising SD’s implication in the status quo. This paper calls for a reflexive methodology of noticing precedents that are quotidian and dystopian to show how dominant logics of SD commodify social practices of relating and organizing. By slowing down to attend, listen and reflect, our approaches reveal existing rituals, values, nuances and commitments that teach us what an apolitical SD fails to see. Rather than adding aspirational methods, this paper calls for greater attention to the political in SD practice, sharing paths of resistance and reorientation toward ethical, transformative, self-determined service design work and learning.
Co-designing a collective food service of artisanal gastronomic products with entrepreneurial university students
Authors: Farias Larissa , Soares Carol , Bursztyn Ivan , Cipolla Carla
Published: July 2024

This paper elucidates a co-design process with entrepreneurial university students to develop a food service that deals with artisanal gastronomic products. Employing the Design Science Research methodology, the study unfolds across three distinct yet interconnected cycles: relevance, design, and rigor. This systematic approach materialized as a tangible collaborative commercial service, considering the concepts of service design and co-design in the construction of the artifact. The result of this process includes the implementation of activities with an interdisciplinary team of researchers, as well as the participation of entrepreneurs in co-design workshops. The solution is a service implemented for collective entrepreneurship for university students working around the contexts of sustainable gastronomy. The obtained findings can promote insights into new service offerings that promote sustainable gastronomy entrepreneurship in academic environments and help qualify students as entrepreneurs through co-design and service design approaches.
Afrikaners in die Goudstad II: 1924-1961
Authors: Du Bruyn J.T.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Graaff-Reinet 1786-1986
Authors: Henning C.G.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
The changing past: Farmers, kings and traders in southern Africa
Authors: Gebhard W.R.L.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
The confidence of the whole country: Standard Bank reports on economic conditions in southern Africa 1865-1902
Authors: Inggs E.J.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
The recollections of Elizabeth Rolland (1803-1901)
Authors: Le Roux C.J.P.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Landboubedrywighede in die Franschhoekvallei, 1688-1827
Authors: Joubert H.S.
Published: June 2024

Franschhoek Valley's unique agrarian character can be attributed to the settlement of a large group of Huguenots in this region since 1688. From the beginning wine farming was the most important industry. Grain production was neglected due to climatic conditions, while fruit, vegetables and cattle were farmed mainly for private consumption. In time, some wine farmers made considerable progress in spite of detrimental factors such as long delays in the granting of freehold on land, the labour shortage and desertion, droughts, unseasonable rains, the drop in the price of wine, the high cost of transport, poor roads, long distances to the markets and liquor-running. However, by their dedication and diligence the Huguenots and other pioneers laid the foundation of the renowned wine and fruit industries in the present-day Franschhoek Valley.
Die Hugenote van Suid-Afrika 1688-1988
Authors: Hofmeyr J.W.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Printing for Africa: The story of Robert Moffat and the Kuruman Press
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Nagana, big-game drives and the Zululand game reserves (1890s-1950s)
Authors: Minnaar A. de V.
Published: June 2024

Zululand's world-renowned Hluhluwe and Umfolozi game reserves are today two of the most popular of their kind. But in the effort to establish and keep them, the cattle disease nagana and the accompanying use of big-game drives as a preventative measure to combat the tsetse fly proved to be a serious problem. The game reserves were blamed for harbouring game which carried the nagana parasite, and were therefore regarded as a food source and infection pool for the tsetsefly. Conservationists therefore had to struggle continually to protect the existence of Zululand's game reserves in the face of several demands for their abolition. Other methods used to eradicate the tsetse fly such as fencing, bush clearing and fly traps proved as ineffective as big-game drives. It was only the successful use of chemical spraying in the 1940s which ensured the future of Hluhluwe and Umfolozi.
Paarl Valley 1687-1987
Authors: Aucamp J.C.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Die noordwaartse beweging van die boere voor die groot trek (1770-1842)
Authors: Snyman P.H.R.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
The control and administration of Port Elizabeth's African population, c. 1834-1923
Authors: Baines Gary
Published: June 2024

Residential development in Port Elizabeth during the 19th century is characterized by continual attempts to remove African locations from the centre of town and the proximity of white residential areas. Until 1902 the local authority continued to regulate African settlement through the establishment of additional municipal locations. To accomplish the resettlement of Africans in the new locations, the municipality of Port Elizabeth came to rely on laws for the removal of squatters, slum clearance and treating the overcrowded African locations as a health hazard. The introduction of legislation in 1903 facilitated the municipality's programme of mass evictions and slum clearance. In the same year a change in the administration of locations had also occurred when responsibility for the New Brighton location was transferred to the Cape Colonial government. This responsibility only reverted to the Port Elizabeth municipality in 1923.
Table of Contents Vol 90 (2023)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Perception of Caregivers about Oral Health Services for Institutionalized Older Adults: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: James Anju , KM Shwetha , Krishnappa Pushpanjali
Published: July 2024

Background: In India, the absence of formal training in geriatric dentistry and the lack of recognition of it as a speciality contributes to the deterioration of oral health in the older adults. India lacks specific oral healthcare policies for older adults. Additionally, caregivers’ perspective in old age homes regarding oral healthcare services remains underexplored, necessitating further studies in this context.Methods: A mixed method study was conducted, and the quantitative component focused on assessing the oral health status of institutionalized older adults and caregivers’ perceptions using a questionnaire. The qualitative part evaluates caregivers’ perceptions of providing oral healthcare services for older adults through in-depth interviews.Results: Mean DMFT among institutionalized older adults was 15.52±8.23. More than 50% of caregivers perceived that the oral health status of institutionalized older adults was fair. Barriers to oral health services include autonomy, difficulty in traveling, lack of financial support, lack of knowledge and time. Approaches to enhancing oral health services for institutionalized older adults include oral health education for older adults and their caregivers, monthly dental visits to the institution, utilization of portable dental chair services, collaboration with dental colleges/dental clinics, distribution of oral health education materials, and provision of oral hygiene aids.Conclusion: Findings from our study indicate the need to collaborate with dental institutions to provide oral health services in old age homes, to improve the oral health status of older adults and caregivers' knowledge.
Case Report: Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Associated with Type-2 Leprosy Reaction
Authors: Araujo Orozco Karina Lucia , Prada Cubillos Johan Sebastián , Otero Genes María José , Serrano-Coll Héctor , García Posada Mara Judith
Published: July 2024

Leprosy reactions are complex immune events, generating disabling consequences and threatening the lives of those who experience them. This case report addresses the episode of a 28-year-old female patient who suffered a severe type-2 leprosy reaction, characterized by significant hepatic involvement, specifically, nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis. This case report underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion, early recognition, accurate diagnosis, and immediate addressing of these types of reactions that may arise in the context of leprosy.
Steering System with Mechanical Coupling of the Wheels and the Possibility of Wheel Steering in Opposite Directions
Authors: Weitz Fabian , Gauterin Frank , Frey Michael , Ostendorff Niklas
Published: July 2024

In the course of the U-Shift project, an automated, driverless and electrically driven vehicle concept is developed. By separating the vehicle into a drive module and a transport capsule, a novel form of mobility is created. The autonomous driving module, the so-called Driveboard, is able to change the transport capsules independently and thus serves both passenger and goods transport. In order to be able to use the vehicle effectively, especially in urban areas, the space required for manoeuvring and loading or unloading the capsules must be kept as small as possible. This poses special challenges for the steering system.

In this paper, a novel steering system is presented that enables both same-direction and opposite-direction wheel steering. First, the fundamental concept of the steering system is presented. After that, the design is explained and the assembled steering system is shown. During normal cornering, there is a mechanical coupling between the wheels. Which means that the occurring forces and moments are mutually supported by the wheels. This minimises the energy demand of the steering system. To manoeuvre the vehicle with minimal space requirements the mechanical coupling of the wheels can be disconnected. By turning the front wheels in the opposite direction to the centre of the vehicle, the pivot point of the vehicle can be shifted to the centre of the rear axle. The vehicle can thus be turned around the centre of the rear axle, which reduces the space required for manoeuvring to a necessary minimum. The steering system presented thus allows the advantages of a conventional steering system to be combined with the advantages of single-wheel steering system.
Reduction of Flow-Induced Noise in Refrigeration Cycles
Authors: Saur Lukas , Heidegger Patrick , Naeger Christoph , Becker Stefan
Published: July 2024

In electrified vehicles, auxiliary units can be a dominant source of noise, one of which is the refrigerant scroll compressor. Compared to vehicles with combustion engines, e-vehicles require larger refrigerant compressors, as in addition to the interior, also the battery and the electric motors have to be cooled. Currently, scroll compressors are widely used in the automotive industry, which generate one pressure pulse per revolution due to their discontinuous compression principle. This results in speed-dependent pressure fluctuations as well as higher-harmonic pulsations that arise from reflections. These fluctuations spread through the refrigeration cycle and cause the vibration excitation of refrigerant lines and heat exchangers. The sound transmission path in the air conditioning heat exchanger integrated in the dashboard is particularly critical. Various silencer configurations can be used to dampen these pulsations. This paper compares the acoustic and thermodynamic performance of two mufflers and a resonator for different operating points. It is shown that the installation of the various flow silencers has no influence on the thermodynamic efficiency of the refrigeration cycle. Measurements of the pressure pulsations before and after the flow silencer are carried out using a refrigeration cycle acoustic test rig. The experimentally determined transmission loss values are compared with impedance tube measurement results and analytically calculated sound attenuation curves of the mufflers. The three different flow silencers dampen the pressure pulsations in the refrigeration cycle across a wide frequency range. The single-chamber muffler has the highest transmission loss in the low-frequency range up to 200 Hz and attenuates the high-amplitude 1st order pressure pulsations by up to 20 dB. The multi-chamber muffler achieves a transmission loss of up to 30 dB in the higher frequency range from 400 Hz. For both mufflers, there is good agreement between the measured values in the refrigeration cycle, in the impedance tube and the analytically calculated values. For the resonator, the measured transmission loss in the refrigeration cycle is significantly lower than in the impedance tube. The transmission loss of the resonator in the refrigeration cycle is constant at approx. 5 dB up to 600 Hz. The findings on the operation principle and damping performance of different refrigerant cycle silencers enable the reduction of flow-induced noise in thermomanagement system components in vehicles.
Standardized Differential Inductive Positioning System for Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Boettigheimer Mike , Grabherr Philip
Published: July 2024

To shape future mobility MAHLE has committed itself to foster wireless charging for electrical vehicles. The standardized wireless power transfer of 11 kW at a voltage level of 800 V significantly improves the end user experience for charging an electric vehicle without the need to handle a connector and cable anymore. Combined with automated parking and autonomous driving systems, the challenge to charge fleets without user interaction is solved.

Wireless charging is based on inductive power transfer. In the ground assembly’s (GA) power transfer coil, a magnetic field is generated which induces a voltage in the vehicle assembly (VA) power transfer coil. To transfer the power from grid to battery with a high efficiency up to 92% the power transfer coils are compensated with resonant circuits.

In this paper the Differential-Inductive-Positioning-System (DIPS) to align a vehicle on the GA for parking will be presented. This system utilizes five standardized magnetic fields which are generated within the GA. On the VA induced voltages by the standardized magnetic fields are measured with two crossed coils. A dedicated coil in the GA provides the (magnetic) field for the steering and braking information. The stop signal for the vehicle is provided by an array of four coils in the GA. Additionally to private garages, the DIPS is designed for multi-GA parking spots as well. The special differential signal processing makes the procedure extremely robust against metallic foreign objects. The high accuracy of the DIPS allows the driver to align the vehicle at the first attempt. The automized pairing process enables a charging process without interaction of the driver.
Analysis of Human Driving behavior with Focus on Vehicle Lateral Control
Authors: Iatropoulos Jannes , Panzer Anna , Henze Roman
Published: July 2024

The optimization and further development of automated driving functions offers great potential to relieve the driver in various driving situations and increase road safety. Simulative testing in particular is an indispensable tool in this process, allowing conclusions to be drawn about the design of automated driving functions at a very early stage of development. In this context, the use of driving simulators provides support so that the driving functions of tomorrow can be experienced in a very safe and reproducible environment. The focus of the acceptance and optimization of automated driving functions is particularly on vehicle lateral control functions. As part of this paper, a test person study was carried out regarding manual vehicle lateral control on the dynamic vehicle road simulator at the Institute of Automotive Engineering. The basis for this is the route generation as a result of the evaluation of curve radii from several hundred thousand kilometers of real measurement data from a vehicle fleet and guidelines for the layout of rural roads in Germany. The core component of this paper is the analysis of manual vehicle lateral control and the subdivision into different driving styles. For this purpose, various methods were applied and parameters were calculated that can be used to perform such a categorization and be used in future work for objectification. The generated results of this paper will be used in future work for the development of automated vehicle lateral control which takes human driving behavior into account in order to achieve higher customer acceptance, increase driving comfort and continue to ensure driving safety.
Towards a New Approach for Reducing the Safety Validation Effort of Driving Functions Using Prediction Divergence Current Approach and Challenges
Authors: Betschinske Daniel , Schrimpf Malte , Lippert Moritz , Peters Steven
Published: July 2024

An essential component in the approval of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving systems (ADS) is the quantification of residual risk, which demonstrates that hazardous behavior (HB) occurs less frequently than specified by a corresponding acceptance criterion. In the case of HB with high potential impact severity, only very low accepted frequencies of occurrence are tolerated. To avoid uncertainties due to abstractions and simplifications in simulations, the proof of the residual risk in systems such as advanced emergency braking systems (AEBS) is often partially or entirely implemented as system level field test. However, the low rates and high confidence required, common for residual risk demonstrations, result in a significant disadvantage of these field tests: the long driving distance required. In this publication, the prediction divergence principle (PDP) is presented as an approach that has the potential to reduce the testing effort in the future, especially for systems based on the sense-plane-act structure. By continuously monitoring the prediction divergence, the approach provides essential information about the predictive performance of the system under test (SUT). In addition to the elaborated concept, this paper focuses on the mathematical decomposition of the HB into the false prediction (FPr) of the SUT and the probability that this FPr causes the HB. The approach is illustrated using the example of an AEBS. Furthermore, the prerequisites for applying the approach and the associated test reduction are derived using simplified models. Finally, the steps that must be investigated before the theoretical approach can be applied in practice are derived.
Software-Supported Processes for Aerodynamic Homologation of Vehicles
Authors: Jacob Jan D.
Published: July 2024

Homologation is an important process in vehicle development and aerodynamics a main data contributor. The process is heavily interconnected: Production planning defines the available assemblies. Construction defines their parts and features. Sales defines the assemblies offered in different markets, where Legislation defines the rules applicable to homologation. Control engineers define the behavior of active, aerodynamically relevant components. Wind tunnels are the main test tool for the homologation, accompanied by surface-area measurement systems. Mechanics support these test operations. The prototype management provides test vehicles, while parts come from various production and prototyping sources and are stored and commissioned by logistics. Several phases of this complex process share the same context: Production timelines for assemblies and parts for each chassis-engine package define which drag coefficients or drag coefficient contributions shall be determined. Absolute and relative measurement requirements are derived and used to create tests. The test results are linked to the requirements. Drag coefficient contributions for each assembly are derived from this. Combining this data with active components’ control concepts, drive cycle definitions and market sales programs, and following legal rules, yields the drag coefficients for homologation in each market. All of this must adhere to an ISO17025-compliant process in a manageable and efficient manner [4]. This includes optimization tasks for wind tunnel use, parts and vehicle availability, and task-organization for mechanics and operators – while keeping up with short development cycles and time-to-market pressure. We present a holistic solution that enables efficient and compliant management of this complex process: Open interfaces support flexible integration of third-party systems. Modular, configurable components offer the necessary flexibility for complex workflows. Combining data handling and planning tasks keeps all information within the same context. An intuitive user interface ensures a smooth and guided user experience. This sophisticated concept can also be transferred to other homologation processes.
Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment of Electric Vehicles during DC-Charging with European Combined Charging System
Authors: Supa Stölben Inti Runa , Beltle Michael , Tenbohlen Stefan
Published: July 2024

The ongoing energy transition will have a profound impact on future mobility, with electrification playing a key role. Battery electric vehicles (EVs) are the dominant technology, relying on the conversion of alternating current (AC) from the grid to direct current (DC) to charge the traction battery. This process involves power electronic components such as rectifiers and DC/DC converters operating at high switching frequencies in the kHz range. Fast switching is essential to minimise losses and improve efficiency, but it might also generate electro-magnetic interferences (EMI). Hence, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing is essential to ensure reliable system operations and to meet international standards. During DC charging, the AC/DC conversion takes place off-board in the charging station, allowing for better cooling and larger components, resulting in increased power transfer, currently up to 350 kW. The EMC requirements for this charging method are outlined in IEC 61851-21-2. This paper presents possible test setups supporting the standard. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for measurements not only in controlled laboratories, but also at real charging stations within their specific environments. Therefore, a mobile test setup is introduced and validated. It can be connected to any public DC charging station using a European standard plug CCS-2 (Combined Charging System 2). In addition, the emerging concept of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is gaining prominence. The objective is to leverage electric vehicles as mobile energy storage for grid optimization and stabilization. The proposed test setup also allows to take these operating states into account concerning conducted interference emissions. As the transition to electric mobility progresses, these investigations contribute ensuring the seamless integration of EVs into the evolving energy landscape.
Impact of AdBlue Composition and Water Purity on Particle Number Increase
Authors: Herold Tim , Noone Patrick , Beidl Christian , Boldt Thomas , Hochholzner Michael , Kontin Sinisa
Published: July 2024

Previous studies have shown that dosing AdBlue into the exhaust system of diesel engines to reduce nitrogen oxides can lead to an increase in the number of particles (PN). In addition to the influencing factors of exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas mass flow and dosing quantity, the dosed medium itself (AdBlue) is not considered as a possible influence due to its regulation in ISO-standard 22241. However, as the standard specifies limit value ranges for the individual regulated properties and components for newly sold AdBlue, in reality there is still some margin in the composition.

This paper investigates the particle number increase due to AdBlue dosing using several CPCs. The increase in PN is determined by measuring the number of particles after DPF and thus directly before dosing as well as tailpipe. Several AdBlue products from different sources and countries are measured and their composition is also analyzed with regard to the limit values regulated in the standard. This shows that differences in the PN-increase can be determined for the various products. In addition, two measurements are carried out with pure water as a main component of AdBlue in the form of single and double-distilled water. Interestingly, the dosing of pure water also shows an increase in PN depending on the purity of the water. Furthermore, two AdBlue products are artificially aged in order to violate the standardized limit values, which is a feasible use case with regard to ISC tests, and subsequently measured. Since these impurities cannot be influenced but have a noticeable effect on the measured PN, it is important to quantify this and, if necessary, to take it into account in legislation.
Behind the ‘bruised male ego’ – negotiating women ‘pressures’ in the homes during COVID-19 lockdowns: Congolese and Zimbabwean men in focus
Authors: Mukole Martin , Mwandayi Canisius
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and the experiences of lockdown measures to contain the spread of the coronavirus led to a range of negative impacts on the mental health of human societies globally. Our societies were characterized by deteriorating mental health, high levels of stress as well as a sharp rise in abusive cases. In most cases of abuse, men have been fingered as culprits behind it all given the eroding of their male ego. Faced with the reality of their inability to provide, most males were stressed up and vented out their frustration on those near them, who in most cases were the vulnerable women and children. While it is indubitably true that women and children have been the most affected groups due to the lockdowns, this has resulted in the neglect of men themselves. In as much as studies have confirmed the violent attitude developed by most men towards women and children in homes during COVID-19 lockdowns, this paper argues that men were also victims in a number of cases due to the pressures coming from women and children to keep providing something on the table despite being barred from attending to their informal/formal jobs due to the imposed COVID-19 restrictions. This paper takes cognizance of the neglect of voices sympathizing with males in the narratives, thus, we argue that behind the ‘bruised male ego’ there is found a woman, hence the woman needs to be talked to as well instead of just seeing her as a victim of abuse in all the cases. The discussion in this paper is largely based on desktop research. This paper sympathizes with the neglected male voices during COVID-19 lockdowns, invites men to voice out their struggles for the wellbeing of their mental health, and invites African society to rethink some of the attributes given to men that condemn them to suffering in the name of masculinity.
The first record of Illinoia liriodendri (Monell, 1879) (Hemiptera, Aphididae) from Ukraine
Authors: Dragan Grigoriy
Published: July 2024

Illinoia liriodendri is reported for the first time in Ukraine as a new invasive species of aphids. It was found feeding on Liriodendron tulipifera at the ‘Olexandria’ State Dendrological Park of the NAS of Ukraine in June 2024.
Kelompok Sel sebagai Implementasi Amanat Agung Matius 28:19-20 dan Dampaknya bagi Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Baskoro Paulus Kunto , Yudhistira Elkana , Yabes Yabes
Published: June 2024

Kelompok sel adalah sekumpulan orang yang hidup bersama-sama dalam sebuah wilayah tertentu yang memiliki keterikatan satu dengan yang lain dalam sebuah wadah organisasi yang lebih besar darinya. Namun yang terjadi komsel hanya membangun sebuah kekeluargaan saja, sehingga hanya sebuah fenomena kumpul-kumpul saja antara jemaat. Namun tujuan tentang point komsel menjadi ujung tombak setiap anggota terlibat dalam proses amanat agung yaitu membawa jiwa baru belum terjadi. Sehingga perlu dipikirkan bagaimana kelompok sel menjadi point penting pertumbuhan jemaat sebagai implementasi dari amanat agung menurut Matius 28:19-20 ? Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Pertama, mengkaji kelompok sel sebagai implementasi amanat agung menurut Matius 28:19-20. Kedua, memberikan prinsip-prinsip penting kelompok sel sebagai impementasi amanat agung yang memiliki dampak bagi pertumbuhan gereja. Sehingga tujuan kelompok sel yang benar yaitu mengarah pada amanat agung maka kelompok sel dapat menjadi motor pertumbuhan gereja.
Assessment of electronic health literacy and its association with self-management among gout patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Qian Jiazhen , Yao Xinyu , Liu Ting
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess electronic health (eHealth) literacy and self-management ability among gout patients in China and analyze their correlation.

Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 168 male gout patients (mean age: 44.5±13.8 years, range, 22 to 76 years) using a gout patient self-management assessment scale and the Chinese version of eHealth Literacy Scale between August 2020 and February 2021. The correlation between eHealth literacy and gout self-management was examined. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of gout patients’ self-management ability.

Results: The scores of eHealth literacy and self-management were 28.56±1.72 and 3.59±0.78, respectively, which were both in the medium level, with the lowest score in the lifestyle management dimension. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that eHealth literacy was significantly and positively associated with the total score of gout self-management and its four dimensions. Literacy in eHealth (β=0.399, p<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.023-0.069), living with family members (β=0.336, p=0.001, 95% CI: 0.313-1.234), living in an urban area (β=0.312, p=0.005, 95% CI: 0.191- 1.022), and having college or a higher level of education (β=0.268, p=0.016, 95% CI: 0.032-0.302) were the significant predictors of gout patients’ self-management ability, explained 30.6% of the total variance.

Conclusion: Literacy in eHealth was the most significant predictor of gout self-management ability. Gout patients had the lowest score in the perceived ability of searching and applying online health-related information, indicating that both the quantity and quality of gout-specific information needs to be enlarged in electronic resources. Healthcare providers could design and implement eHealth literacy interventions to strengthen patients’ gout self-management ability
Association of focus score and extraglandular involvement in Sjögren's syndrome: A study on antinuclear antibodies and minor salivary gland pathology
Authors: Çağrı Ergün Mustafa , Yılmaz Okancan , Bilgen Hakan , Oltulu Pembe , Kılınç Fahriye , Tunç Recep
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patients with and without extraglandular involvement in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) by analyzing ANA (antinuclear antibody) and ENA (extractable nuclear antigen) results and minor salivary gland pathology findings.

Patients and methods: A total of 265 (245 females; 20 males; mean age: 50.4±12.4; range, 19 to 79 years) patients diagnosed with SS were included in the retrospective cohort study between March 1, 2011, and December 1, 2021. Detailed documentation was performed, capturing demographic characteristics, clinical information, laboratory findings, medication usage, and manifestations of the syndrome. The patients were divided into two groups, with (78 females; 8 males; mean age: 52.7±11.5; range, 22 to 78 years or without (167 females; 12 males; mean age: 49.3±12.8; range, 19 to 79 years extraglandular involvement.

Results: The mean follow-up duration was 63.1±31.9 months. Extraganular involvement, including joint involvement, lung involvement, central nervous system involvement, hematological involvement, hepatitis, and lymphoma, was observed in 32.5% of the patients. Patients with extraglandular involvement required multiple medications, while those with only glandular involvement predominantly used hydroxychloroquine. The mean duration from SS diagnosis to extraglandular involvement was 15.2±27.8 months. The comparison between patients with and without extraglandular involvement revealed a significant association between higher focus scores (FS) and extraglandular manifestations. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of ANA positivity, ANA titers, or ENA positivity. Regression analysis indicated that age and FS were linked to systemic involvement.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of FS as a predictive indicator for extraglandular manifestations in SS. Advanced age was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of extraglandular involvement. Assessing FS and age can aid in predicting extraglandular manifestations.
Analysis of modern approaches to interdisciplinary art education: combining art with other fields of knowledge
Authors: Sydor Mykhailo , Pankiv Hanna , Drotenko Valentyna , Yasenitska Janna , Savchyn Halyna
Published: June 2024

This article examines the relationship between three different approaches to art: aesthetic, sociological and historical. The aim is to confirm the interdisciplinary connection between art education, on the one hand, and the status and role of discourse in contemporary art, cultural policy, educational reforms and institutional transformations that affect creative activity. The contemporary merger of art and theoretical discourse can be viewed from two interrelated perspectives. On the one hand, the “educational turn” in contemporary art shows a special interest in the production and dissemination of knowledge, which is marked by a focus on the educational aspects of artistic activity and its potential for mediation and intercultural communication. Using the method of literary analysis and processing of such databases as SCOPUS, Google scholar and Research Gate, the paper analyses the growing importance of the practice and spread of interdisciplinarity in contemporary art, its disadvantages and advantages. The results of the presented research indicate that in the contemporary context, the concept of “artistic research” is becoming the subject of increasingly complex discussions. Its use is becoming official and gaining scientific status, which makes it even more problematic. The relationship between the “educational turn” and “artistic research” can be seen in the context of the political economy of knowledge, as it determines the cognitive value of contemporary art. The conclusion is that the educational turn in art opens up new opportunities and challenges for artists in terms of combining professional activity and the creative process. Although there are problems of disproportionality between teaching and creativity, the analysis shows that openness to interdisciplinary discourse can contribute to the development of shared knowledge and communication between artists and the academic community.