bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are yarn quality prediction tools useful in the breeding of high yielding and better fibre quality cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)?
Authors: Liu Shiming , Gordon Stuart , Stiller Warwick
Published: October 2023

Background

The approach of directly testing yarn quality to define fibre quality breeding objectives and progress the selection is attractive but difficult when considering the need for time and labour. The question remains whether yarn prediction tools from textile research can serve as an alternative. In this study, using a dataset from three seasons of field testing recombinant inbred line population, Cottonspec, a software developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) for predicting ring spun yarn quality from fibre properties measured by High Volume Instrument (HVI), was used to select improved fibre quality and lint yield in the population. The population was derived from an advanced generation inter-crossing of four CSIRO conventional commercial varieties. The Cottonspec program was able to provide an integrated index of the fibre qualities affecting yarn properties. That was compared with selection based on HVI-measured fibre properties, and two composite fibre quality variables, namely, fibre quality index (FQI), and premium and discount (PD) points. The latter represents the net points of fibre length, strength, and micronaire based on the Premiums and Discounts Schedule used in the market while modified by the inclusion of elongation.

Results

The population had large variations for lint yield, fibre properties, predicted yarn properties, and composite fibre quality values. Lint yield with all fibre quality traits was not correlated. When the selection was conducted first to keep those with improved fibre quality, and followed for high yields, a large proportion in the resultant populations was the same between selections based on Cottonspec predicted yarn quality and HVI-measured fibre properties. They both exceeded the selection based on FQI and PD points.

Conclusions

The population contained elite segregants with improved yield and fibre properties, and Cottonspec predicted yarn quality is useful to effectively capture these elites. There is a need to further develop yarn quality prediction tools through collaborative efforts with textile mills, to draw better connectedness between fibre and yarn quality. This connection will support the entire cotton value chain research and evolution.
Photobiological modulation of hepatoma cell lines and hepatitis B subviral particles secretion in response to 650 nm low level laser treatment
Authors: Al-Toukhy Ghada M. , Suef Reda A. , Hassan Sarah , Farag Mohamed M. S. , El-Tayeb Tarek A. , Mansour Mohamed T. M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health concern, with an increased incidence and risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients chronically infected with HBV are likely to experience chronic oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Photobiomodulation is induced by the absorption of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with a red or infrared laser by cytochrome C oxidase enzyme, resulting in mitochondrial photoactivation. Although it is widely used in clinical practice, the use of LLL as adjuvant therapy for persistent HBV infection is uncommon. This study aimed to investigate the effect of LLLT dosage from 2 J/cm2 to 10 J/cm2 of red diode laser (650 nm) on both hepatoma cell lines (HepG2.2.15 [integrated HBV genome stable cell model] and non-integrated HepG2), with a subsequent impact on HBVsvp production.

Methods

The present study evaluated the effects of different fluences of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) irradiation on various aspects of hepatoma cell behavior, including morphology, viability, ultrastructure, and its impact on HBVsvp synthesis.

Results

In response to LLLT irradiation, we observed a considerable reduction in viability, proliferation, and HBVsvp production in both hepatoma cell lines HepG2.2.15 and HepG2. Ultrastructural modification of mitochondria and nuclear membranes: This effect was dose, cell type, and time-dependent.

Conclusions

The use of LLLT may be a promising therapy for HCC and HBV patients by reducing cell proliferation, HBVsvp production, and altering mitochondrial and nuclear structure involved in cellular death inducers. Further research is required to explore its clinical application.
Numerical modeling of hydrodynamic added mass and added damping for elastic bridge pier
Authors: Wang Yanfeng , Ti Zilong
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a numerical model using the boundary element method for determining the hydrodynamic added mass and added damping of an elastic bridge pier with arbitrary cross-section. Combining the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory with the constant boundary element method, the modal superposition method is used to consider the deformable boundary conditions on the surface of elastic piers to couple the interaction between the elastic pier and water, and the equations for the hydrodynamic added mass and added damping of a general section pier considering the effect of pier-water coupling are derived. The accuracy of the developed model is verified by a benchmark experiment. The developed model is calculated for circular piers and compared with the added mass analytical formulation. The effects of oscillating frequency and structure geometry on the added mass and added damping are further investigated. Results demonstrate that the developed model can be used to solve the hydrodynamic added mass and added damping problems of the elastic bridge pier. Compared to the analytical formula, the developed method incorporates the consideration of added damping in the analysis of the pier-water coupling problem. Oscillating frequency and structure geometry have significant effects on added mass and added damping.
The Tully-Fisher law and dark matter effects derived via modified symmetries
Authors: Arraut Ivan
Published: October 2023

In any physical system, when we move from short to large scales, new spacetime symmetries emerge which help us to simplify the dynamics of the system. In this letter we demonstrate that certain variations on the symmetries of general relativity at large scales generate the effects equivalent to dark matter ones. In particular, we reproduce the Tully-Fisher law, consistent with the predictions proposed by MOND. Additionally, we demonstrate that the dark matter effects derived in this way are consistent with the predictions suggested by MOND, without modifying gravity.
Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Following Sphenopalatine Ganglion Nerve Block: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Koenig Nicholas I. , McGuire Joseph A. , Shackleford Violet P. , Bauer Kelsey
Published: October 2023

A 36-year-old woman with no significant past medical history underwent a sphenopalatine ganglion block for treatment of a month-long migraine headache refractory to conservative treatment protocols. The headache resolved initially, but 1 day following the procedure, the headache recurred. The patient also developed an erythematous and edematous rash which cultures confirmed to be herpes simplex virus (HSV). Following several unsuccessful treatment modalities, the patient received valacyclovir, which resulted in resolution of her headache. Underlying HSV-1 infection may cause intractable migraine headache and nerve blocks may potentiate reactivation of latent HSV infection that caused the skin lesion in this case.
Microtubules under mechanical pressure can breach dense actin networks
Authors: Gélin Matthieu , Schaeffer Alexandre , Gaillard Jérémie , Guérin Christophe , Vianay Benoit , Orhant-Prioux Magali , Braun Marcus , Leterrier Christophe , Blanchoin Laurent , Théry Manuel
Published: October 2023

The crosstalk between the actin network and microtubules is essential for cell polarity. It orchestrates microtubule organization within the cell, driven by the asymmetry of actin architecture along the cell periphery. The physical intertwining of these networks regulates spatial organization and force distribution in the microtubule network. Although their biochemical interactions are becoming clearer, the mechanical aspects remain less understood. To explore this mechanical interplay, we developed an in vitro reconstitution assay to investigate how dynamic microtubules interact with various actin filament structures. Our findings revealed that microtubules can align and move along linear actin filament bundles through polymerization force. However, they are unable to pass through when encountering dense branched actin meshworks, similar to those present in the lamellipodium along the periphery of the cell. Interestingly, immobilizing microtubules through crosslinking with actin or other means allow the buildup of pressure, enabling them to breach these dense actin barriers. This mechanism offers insights into microtubule progression towards the cell periphery, with them overcoming obstacles within the denser parts of the actin network and ultimately contributing to cell polarity establishment.
Conservation Treatment of Metallic Painted Plastic Sculpture: Color Matching Profiling
Authors: Kim Young Mok , Kwon Hee Hong
Published: October 2023

In the conservation treatment of modern and contemporary art, the color matching process is sometimes carried out by reflecting the artist information. In particular, in the case of artworks in which the artist survives, originality and authenticity are secured by referring to the artist information and intended appearance in consideration of the rights of integrity when processing irreversible work such as repainting. ‘Flowers of tomorrow’ by artist Jeong Hwa Choi is a sculpture with paint on the surface, and some of the structures were eliminated and cracked to reveal the inner base layer, so conservation treatment was carried out. Through the artist interview, it was confirmed that the paint used in the artwork was metallic corrosion paint, and the color change and chromaticity were measured according to the application time of the rust activator to quantify the appropriate color matching method for the artwork. Based on the results, conservation treatment was carried out stably and the appearance of the artwork was restored. This process will be recorded as a manual and used for color matching in conservation treatment of related artworks in the future.
A Study on the Preservation Treatment of Gold-Leafed Clothing Artefacts Excavated from a Tomb of the Cheongsong Shim Clan - Focusing on Bugeum Wonsam and Jikgeum Chima (Skirt) -
Authors: Lee Hwang-Jo , Keum Jong-Suk , Kim Young-Kwan , Wi Kwang-Chul
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to perform a non-destructive material analysis and conservation treatments on two gold-leafed clothing artefacts (Bugeum Wonsam and Jikgeum Chima (Skirt)) excavated from a tomb of the Cheongsong Shim Clan held by the Chungbuk National University Museum. The artefacts, which were excavated in April 2003, had been stored in storage and were found to be wrinkled, contaminated, hardened and dried. The preservation treatment of the artefacts was performed by means of material analysis and repair. The analysis of the material using scanning electron microscopy SEM, FT-IR, colorimetric and XRF analyses showed that the material is silk fiber, and the analysis of the gold leaf layer using XRF showed that the gold leaf is gold (Au). The preservation treatment was performed by investigating the condition of the artefacts and conducting preliminary experiments on the reinforcing agents. For the reinforcement treatment, a 10% reinforcing agent of cow glue was applied to protect the gold leaf layer to prevent flaking of the gold leaf layer during wet cleaning, and a 2% reinforcing agent was applied after repair . For wet cleaning, a natural cleaning liquid mixed with cypress extract was used at a concentration of 1.0%. For wet cleaning, a natural cleaning solution mixed with Oriental arborvitae extract was used at a concentration of 1.0%. After cleaning, the artefacts were reinforced and repaired to restore their original shapes, completing the preservation treatment including packaging and storage.
Humanizing science: seven actions for PhD students to become next generation, future-proof scientists
Authors: Valks Ingrid , Satrio Dara , Reitsma Angelica , Wolthers Katja , Dierickx Kris , Benschop Kim , Pajkrt Dasja ,   OrganoVIR
Published: October 2023

PhD students, also referred to as the early stage researchers (ESRs), that were participating in the European Union’s Horizon 2020 consortium, OrganoVIR, have the ambition to become top scientists in virology with innovative, animal-free, research models; organoids. To achieve this ambition, developing more self-confidence and resilience was used to strengthen personal leadership needed in such professional role. Towards this purpose, seven actions have been selected that guide the ESRs through their PhD journey and help them elevate their career perspectives and employability in the international labor market. In this essay, we share the seven personal development actions that have been carried out by the ESRs in the OrganoVIR H2020 Innovative Training Network (ITN) project, with the goal of demonstrating how training human skills can contribute to innovation and collaboration in European research. This article is an effort by OrganoVIR’s Training and Education Committee to provide views on personal growth and leadership awareness.
The genome sequence of the slender grass hoverfly, Melanostoma scalare (Fabricius, 1794)
Authors: Hawkes William L.S. , Wotton Karl R. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Melanostoma scalare (the slender grass hoverfly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Syrphidae). The genome sequence is 738.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 5 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.08 kilobases in length.
Cystic fibrosis and pulmonary biofilms
Authors: Nugent Kenneth
Published: October 2023

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that involves the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. This protein is an anion channel that transfers chloride and bicarbonate from an intracellular location to an extracellular location. This transfer supports the formation of a normal periciliary fluid layer that is essential for ciliary function and the clearance of particulates from bronchi.  Changes in mucociliary function can result in chronic bronchitis and recurrent infections.  Studies using micro computed tomography of explanted lungs from CF patients have demonstrated that there is a significant reduction in the number of terminal bronchi and that approximately 50% of these bronchi are obstructed with secretions. These airways become colonized with bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can form biofilms, and this results in chronic inflammation and chronic airway damage. Biofilm formation can be predicted when mucoid colonies of pseudomonas grow out on routine bacterial cultures of sputum.  Studies on the prognosis of patients with CF have demonstrated that there is lack of clear genotype-phenotype correlation, but one recent longitudinal study did report an association between more severe CFTR genotypes and clinical outcomes. In addition, the degree of pulmonary dysfunction and pseudomonas colonization, especially with drug resistant pseudomonas, predict poor outcomes. Bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics, and the structure of biofilms limits host defense responses. Treatment approaches include the use of more than one antibiotic, the addition of inhaled antibiotics, the use of enzymes that degrade biofilms, and the use of small molecules that inhibit community metabolism in biofilms.
 
Key words: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, extracellular secretions, periciliary fluid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilms
Competitividad de las empresas del sector sistema moda de Manizales y Caldas, potenciada a partir de la conformación de un clúster
Authors: Ríos Alvarán María Fernanda , Ramírez Díaz Juliana
Published: October 2023

El concepto de clúster ha tomado gran relevancia en los últimos años, no solo por ser generador de múltiples beneficios y ventajas para el tejido empresarial que lo conforma, sino también por representar una fuente de crecimiento y competitividad para las regiones. Por su parte, las iniciativas clúster se consideran un instrumento probado de cambio estratégico, mejoramiento competitivo y desarrollo económico que vive actualmente el sector sistema moda de la ciudad. En este punto, resulta pertinente identificar cómo lacompetitividad de las empresas del sector sistema moda de Manizales y Caldas se potencian con la conformación de un clúster, mediante el reconocimiento de sus atributos y su relación con el mejoramiento de la competitividad para el sector. Esto —a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que da cuenta de la evolución del concepto y nuevas tendencias, las cuales han surgido con relación a dinámicas de mercado, competencia y productividad— para el entendimiento de los clústeres como fenómeno de interacción, que estimula la competitividad de los actores que lo conforman.
Distributed loss-amplification modeling for the mid-infrared signal propagating in the myelinated and demyelinated nerve
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Weijie , Huang Xialian , Liu Guo
Published: October 2023

The terahertz (THz) to infrared (IR) neural signal model is a potential mechanism for explaining neural communication. Myelinated neurons could be a lossy dielectric waveguide that can propagate these THz–IR neural signals. We propose an electromagnetic loss-amplification model to describe the propagation characteristics of mid-IR signals on myelinated neurons. During transmission with loss and amplification, neural signal intensity can be consistently maintained at 15.9 pW in bands 55 to 75 THz. This phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the number of myelin sheaths increases. However, escalated degrees of demyelination result in a reduction of signal intensity from 15.9 to 10 pW. This phenomenon eventually disrupts the process of loss amplification, consequently impeding the transmission of the signal. These results may contribute to a deeper understanding of mid-IR signal propagation mechanisms in myelinated nerves and studies of diseases associated with demyelination.
Refractive index of human articular cartilage varies with tissue structure and composition
Authors: Khan Bilour , Nippolainen Ervin , Shahini Fatemeh , Torniainen Jari , Mikkonen Santtu , Nonappa  , Popov Alexey , Töyräs Juha , Afara Isaac O.
Published: October 2023

Optical properties of biological tissues, such as refractive index, are fundamental properties, intrinsically linked to a tissue’s composition and structure. This study aims to investigate the variation of refractive index (RI) of human articular cartilage along the tissue depth (via collagen fibril orientation and optical density) and integrity (based on Mankin and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores). The results show the relationship between RI and PG content (p=0.042), collagen orientation (p=0.037), and OARSI score (p=0.072). When taken into account, the outcome of this study suggests that the RI of healthy cartilage differs from that of pathological cartilage (p=0.072). This could potentially provide knowledge on how progressive tissue degeneration, such as osteoarthritis, affects changes in cartilage RI, which can, in turn, be used as a potential optical biomarker of tissue pathology.
Two-layer reconstruction of Raman spectra in diffusive media based on an analytical model in the time domain
Authors: Šušnjar Stefan , Martelli Fabrizio , Mosca Sara , Venkata Sekar Sanathana Konugolu , Swartling Johannes , Reistad Nina , Farina Andrea , Pifferi Antonio
Published: October 2023

We derive and validate an analytical model that describes the migration of Raman scattered photons in two-layer diffusive media, based on the diffusion equation in the time domain. The model is derived under a heuristic approximation that background optical properties are identical on the excitation and Raman emission wavelengths. Methods for the reconstruction of two-layer Raman spectra have been developed, tested in computer simulations and validated on tissue-mimicking phantom measurements data. Effects of different parameters were studied in simulations, showing that the thickness of the top layer and number of detected photon counts have the most significant impact on the reconstruction. The concept of quantitative, mathematically rigorous reconstruction using the proposed model was finally proven on experimental measurements, by successfully separating the spectra of silicone and calcium carbonate (calcite) layers, showing the potential for further development and eventual application in clinical diagnostics.
High performance on-chip polarization beam splitter at visible wavelengths based on a silicon nitride small-sized ridge waveguide
Authors: Zheng Xinzhi , Zhao Chenxi , Ma Yujie , Qiao Shijun , Chen Shuai , Zhang Zhaojie , Yu Mingyang , Xiang Bingxi , Lv Jinman , Lu Fei , Zhou Cangtao , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: October 2023

Due to sensitive scaling of the wavelength and the visible-light absorption properties with the device dimension, traditional passive silicon photonic devices with asymmetric waveguide structures cannot achieve polarization control at the visible wavelengths. In this work, a simple and small polarization beam splitter (PBS) for a broad visible-light band, using a tailored silicon nitride (Si3N4) ridge waveguide, is presented, which is based on the distinct optical distribution of two fundamental orthogonal polarized modes in the ridge waveguide. The bending loss for different bending radii and the optical coupling properties of the fundamental modes for different Si3N4 ridge waveguide configurations are analyzed. A PBS composed of a bending ridge waveguide structure and a triple-waveguide directional coupler was fabricated on the Si3N4 thin film. The TM excitation of the device based on a bending ridge waveguide structure shows a polarization extinction ratio (PER) of ≥ 20 dB with 33 nm bandwidth (624-657 nm) and insertion loss (IL) ≤ 1 dB at the through port. The TE excitation of the device, based on a triple-waveguide directional coupler with coupling efficiency distinction between the TE0 and TM0 modes, shows a PER of ≥ 18 dB with 50 nm bandwidth (580-630 nm) and insertion loss (IL) ≤ 1 dB at the cross port. The on-chip Si3N4 PBS device is found to possess the highest known PER at a visible broadband range and small (43 µm) footprint. It should be useful for novel photonic circuit designs and further exploration of Si3N4 PBSs.
Impact of pump pulse duration on modulation instability Kerr frequency combs in fiber Fabry–Pérot resonators
Authors: Bunel Thomas , Ziani Zoheir , Conforti Matteo , Lumeau Julien , Moreau Antonin , Fernandez Arnaud , Llopis Olivier , Bourcier Germain , Perego Auro M. , Mussot Arnaud
Published: October 2023

We report an experimental investigation on the impact of the pump pulse duration on the modulation instability process in fiber Fabry–Pérot resonators. We demonstrate that cross-phase modulation between the forward and the backward waves alters significantly the modulation instability process. By varying the pump pulse duration, we show the modification of the modulation instability threshold and frequency. These experimental observations are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
Refphase: Multi-sample phasing reveals haplotype-specific copy number heterogeneity
Authors: Watkins Thomas B. K. , Colliver Emma C. , Huska Matthew R. , Kaufmann Tom L. , Lim Emilia L. , Duncan Cody B. , Haase Kerstin , Van Loo Peter , Swanton Charles , McGranahan Nicholas , Schwarz Roland F.
Published: October 2023

Most computational methods that infer somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) from bulk sequencing of DNA analyse tumour samples individually. However, the sequencing of multiple tumour samples from a patient’s disease is an increasingly common practice. We introduce Refphase, an algorithm that leverages this multi-sampling approach to infer haplotype-specific copy numbers through multi-sample phasing. We demonstrate Refphase’s ability to infer haplotype-specific SCNAs and characterise their intra-tumour heterogeneity, to uncover previously undetected allelic imbalance in low purity samples, and to identify parallel evolution in the context of whole genome doubling in a pan-cancer cohort of 336 samples from 99 tumours.
Rapid automated 3-D pose estimation of larval zebrafish using a physical model-trained neural network
Authors: Ravan Aniket , Feng Ruopei , Gruebele Martin , Chemla Yann R.
Published: October 2023

Quantitative ethology requires an accurate estimation of an organism’s postural dynamics in three dimensions plus time. Technological progress over the last decade has made animal pose estimation in challenging scenarios possible with unprecedented detail. Here, we present (i) a fast automated method to record and track the pose of individual larval zebrafish in a 3-D environment, applicable when accurate human labeling is not possible; (ii) a rich annotated dataset of 3-D larval poses for ethologists and the general zebrafish and machine learning community; and (iii) a technique to generate realistic, annotated larval images in different behavioral contexts. Using a three-camera system calibrated with refraction correction, we record diverse larval swims under free swimming conditions and in response to acoustic and optical stimuli. We then employ a convolutional neural network to estimate 3-D larval poses from video images. The network is trained against a set of synthetic larval images rendered using a 3-D physical model of larvae. This 3-D model samples from a distribution of realistic larval poses that we estimate a priori using a template-based pose estimation of a small number of swim bouts. Our network model, trained without any human annotation, performs larval pose estimation three orders of magnitude faster and with accuracy comparable to the template-based approach, capturing detailed kinematics of 3-D larval swims. It also applies accurately to other datasets collected under different imaging conditions and containing behavioral contexts not included in our training.
“Can’t live willingly”: A thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence exploring how early marriage and early pregnancy affect experiences of pregnancy in South Asia
Authors: Miller Faith A. , Dulal Sophiya , Rai Anjana , Gram Lu , Harris-Fry Helen , Saville Naomi M.
Published: October 2023

In South Asia, early marriage has been associated with a range of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and infancy. This may partly be explained by early marriage leading to a younger maternal age, however it remains unclear which other factors are involved. This review aimed to synthesise the qualitative evidence on experiences of pregnancy following early marriage or early pregnancy in South Asia, to inform our understanding of the mechanisms between early marriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and grey literature on 29/11/2022 to identify papers on experiences of pregnancy among those who married or became pregnant early in South Asia (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022304336, funded by an MRC doctoral training grant). Seventy-nine papers from six countries were included after screening. We appraised study quality using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for qualitative research. Reporting of reflexivity and theoretical underpinnings was poor. We synthesised findings thematically, presenting themes alongside illustrative quotes. We categorised poor pregnancy experiences into: care-seeking challenges, mental health difficulties, and poor nutritional status. We identified eight inter-connected themes: restrictive social hierarchies within households, earning social position, disrupted education, social isolation, increased likelihood of and vulnerability to abuse, shaming of pregnant women, normalisation of risk among younger women, and burdensome workloads. Socioeconomic position and caste/ethnic group also intersected with early marriage to shape experiences during pregnancy. While we found differences between regions, the heterogeneity of the included studies limits our ability to draw conclusions across regions. Pregnancy experiences are largely determined by social hierarchies and the quality of relationships within and outside of the household. These factors limit the potential for individual factors, such as education and empowerment, to improve experiences of pregnancy for girls married early.
Protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins as vaccine candidates against Echinococcus granulosus in dogs
Authors: Shao Guoqing , Hua Ruiqi , Song Hongyu , Chen Yanxin , Zhu Xiaowei , Hou Wei , Li Shengqiong , Yang Aiguo , Yang Guangyou
Published: October 2023

Background

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.), one of the most harmful zoonotic helminths worldwide. Infected dogs are the major source of CE transmission. While praziquantel-based deworming is a main measure employed to control dog infections, its efficacy is at times compromised by the persistent high rate of dog re-infection and the copious discharge of E. granulosus eggs into the environment. Therefore, the dog vaccine is a welcome development, as it offers a substantial reduction in the biomass of E. granulosus. This study aimed to use previous insights into E. granulosus functional genes to further assess the protective efficacy of six recombinant proteins in dogs using a two-time injection vaccination strategy.

Methods

We expressed and combined recombinant E. granulosus triosephosphate isomerase (rEgTIM) with annexin B3 (rEgANXB3), adenylate kinase 1 (rEgADK1) with Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein 1 (rEgEPC1), and fatty acid-binding protein (rEgFABP) with paramyosin (rEgA31). Beagle dogs received two subcutaneous vaccinations mixed with Quil-A adjuvant, and subsequently orally challenged with protoscoleces two weeks after booster vaccination. All dogs were sacrificed for counting and measuring E. granulosus tapeworms at 28 days post-infection, and the level of serum IgG was detected by ELISA.

Results

Dogs vaccinated with rEgTIM&rEgANXB3, rEgADK1&rEgEPC1, and rEgFABP-EgA31 protein groups exhibited significant protectiveness, with a worm reduction rate of 71%, 57%, and 67%, respectively, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the vaccinated groups exhibited an inhibition of worm growth, as evidenced by a reduction in body length and width (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the level of IgG in the vaccinated dogs was significantly higher than that of the control dogs (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

These verified candidates may be promising vaccines for the prevention of E. granulosus infection in dogs following two injections. The rEgTIM&rEgANXB3 co-administrated vaccine underscored the potential for the highest protective efficacy and superior protection stability for controlling E. granulosus infections in dogs.
A classification model for municipalities in the paraense Amazon regarding the risk of violence against women: A multicriteria approach
Authors: de Souza João Lúcio , Costa Saulo William da Silva , Costa Fernando Augusto Ribeiro , Medeiros Alana Miranda , DeSouza Guilherme N. , Seruffo Marcos César da Rocha
Published: October 2023

Violence against women (VAW) is a serious violation of the rights to life, health, and physical integrity. Recent studies point out that social, economic, and demographic factors directly impact the advance of this type of violence. In view of these facts, the state has its responsibility increased when it cannot provide the public equipment necessary for management strategies that collaborate with the confrontation of violence. This project aims to develop a multicriteria decision analysis model (MCDA) to classify Pará municipalities with regard to the propensity for VAW crime, based on the mapping of assistance and protection equipment, as well as socioeconomic indicators of each municipality. The model developed and the research findings represent an important step in elaboration. In turn, this model demonstrates its ability to be a possible instrument that decision makers and implementers of public policies aimed at protecting and supporting women victims of violence in order to anticipate new occurrences.
Diagnostic accuracy of using capnography in verification of nasogastric tube placement among adult patients in hospital settings: Protocol of a diagnostic study
Authors: Chau Janita Pak Chun , Tong Danny Wah Kun , Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Sze Savina Yee Man , Kwok Molly Lai Mei , Lai Peter Chi Keung , Lam Harris Kai Cheong , Chung Josephine Yuen Man , Liu Xu , Chien Wai Tong , Choi Kai Chow
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detection using capnography for verifying the correct placement of nasogastric tubes (NGTs) among adult patients in hospital settings.

Materials and methods

A prospective observational diagnostic study will be conducted. Patients ≥ 18-year-old and requiring the insertion of an NGT will be recruited using a convenience sampling method from 39 general medical and geriatric wards, intensive care units, accident and emergency departments, and subacute/rehabilitation/infirmary wards in 21 acute or subacute/convalescent/extended care hospitals. ETCO2 detection by sidestream capnography, which indicates an airway intubation of an NGT when a capnogram waveform or an ETCO2 level > 10mmHg (1.33 kPa) occurs, will serve as the index test. The reference standards will be the X-ray performed and pH value of gastric aspiration (pH ≤ 5.5) after the index test. Each participant will be included only once. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of capnography will be calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of capnography. The variability in diagnostic accuracy in participants with different characteristics will be explored by using chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. The time spent and the cost of the tests will be compared using the paired t-test. All statistical tests will be two-sided with a level of significance set at 0.05.

Discussion

This study will provide evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of capnography in verifying NGT placement and its applicability to patients in hospitals settings, since this evidence is limited in the current literature. In addition, it will help identify the optimal combination of tests in verifying the correct placement of NGTs and inform the update of clinical practice guidelines and stakeholders’ decisions on the adoption of ETCO2 detection as a routine method for verifying NGT placement.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05817864.
A webcam-based machine learning approach for three-dimensional range of motion evaluation
Authors: Wang Xiaoye Michael , Smith Derek T. , Zhu Qin
Published: October 2023

Background

Joint range of motion (ROM) is an important quantitative measure for physical therapy. Commonly relying on a goniometer, accurate and reliable ROM measurement requires extensive training and practice. This, in turn, imposes a significant barrier for those who have limited in-person access to healthcare.

Objective

The current study presents and evaluates an alternative machine learning-based ROM evaluation method that could be remotely accessed via a webcam.

Methods

To evaluate its reliability, the ROM measurements for a diverse set of joints (neck, spine, and upper and lower extremities) derived using this method were compared to those obtained from a marker-based optical motion capture system.

Results

Data collected from 25 healthy adults demonstrated that the webcam solution exhibited high test-retest reliability, with substantial to almost perfect intraclass correlation coefficients for most joints. Compared with the marker-based system, the webcam-based system demonstrated substantial to almost perfect inter-rater reliability for some joints, and lower inter-rater reliability for other joints (e.g., shoulder flexion and elbow flexion), which could be attributed to the reduced sensitivity to joint locations at the apex of the movement.

Conclusions

The proposed webcam-based method exhibited high test-retest and inter-rater reliability, making it a versatile alternative for existing ROM evaluation methods in clinical practice and the tele-implementation of physical therapy and rehabilitation.
Influence of geographical location and outdoor meteorological parameters on indoor humidity environment in rural residential buildings during the Plum Rains Season in the hot summer and cold winter region
Authors: He Yecong , Zhou Jifei , Liu Huaican , Zhang Xiaofeng , Zhou Huan , Wen Ke , Sun Jie , Deng Qi
Published: October 2023

Plum Rains Season (PRS) has the typical characteristics of outdoor air temperature dramatic changes and high air humidity in the hot summer and cold winter region in China. When the outdoor temperature rises rapidly during PRS, the building envelope surface temperature is probably lower than the indoor air dew point temperature, resulting in moisture condensation. This paper evaluates the influence of geographical location and outdoor meteorological parameters on the indoor humidity environment. The effects of critical parameters such as altitude, average temperature, relative humidity, total precipitation, total precipitation days, atmospheric pressure, and wind speed on the building envelope moisture condensation in nine typical cities in the hot summer and cold winter region were simulated and analyzed. The results show that the Condensation Frequency (CFn) in the western, central, and eastern regions reached the highest in April, May, and June, respectively. Among the nine typical cities, Changsha has the highest Condensation Risk (CR). In addition, the altitude, total precipitation, and atmospheric pressure have little effect on the indoor humidity environment, and it is not directly related to CR; The average temperature and total precipitation days were not related to CR in the western and eastern regions and positively correlated with CR in the central region; The wind speed was positively correlated with CR in the western and central regions and negatively correlated in the eastern region; The relative humidity can affect the indoor humidity environment and moisture condensation on the inner surface of walls, when the relative humidity increases, the CR increases.
Dynamic supervision of counterfeit products based on blockchain technology: A differential game on goodwill accumulation
Authors: Sun Zhongmiao , Xu Qi , Liu Jinrong
Published: October 2023

Counterfeiting is a serious problem in many industries, and the annual profit and tax losses caused by counterfeit products in China have reached over 60 billion yuan. The focus of this paper is to study the effect of blockchain technology in terms of supervising counterfeit products as well as product quality and service decisions under blockchain from a dynamic optimization perspective. We consider the role of blockchain when disclosing product quality information and develop a dynamic optimization model before and after blockchain adoption using differential game theory. Meanwhile, we solve the model using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and backward induction and conduct parametric, comparative, and numerical analyses of the equilibrium solutions. The main findings are as follows: First, we find that in the absence of blockchain, counterfeit products can reduce brand goodwill and decrease the quality and service level of genuine products; however, supervising counterfeit product sales through blockchain can improve this problem under the critical conditions determined in this work. Second, in the direct sales mode, we find that if the unit operating cost and fixed cost of blockchain are small, the brand owner’s adoption of blockchain can not only combat the counterfeiter’s profit but also increase its own profit. Third, in the wholesale sales mode, we find that the best conditions in which a brand owner can establish blockchain are only related to the related costs of blockchain, while retailers also need to increase the selling price of genuine products when establishing blockchain. Fourth, we find that supply chain performance and blockchain supervisory effects are sensitive to key parameters through numerical analysis in a quantitative form. These findings have important implications for genuine enterprises in terms of determining the conditions for establishing blockchain to combat counterfeiting and for optimizing product quality and service decisions when using blockchain technology.
El presbítero rural y la cultura escrita en el noroeste peninsular (s. X). Reflexiones iniciales
Authors: Castro Correa Ainoa
Published: October 2023

En el contexto de la revisión historiográfica reciente sobre el presbítero rural peninsular con anterioridad a la reforma eclesiástica de mediados del siglo xi, en este texto aportamos unas reflexiones iniciales sobre su figura con la intención de abrir debate sobre su capacidad práctica como agente difusor de alfabetización en su entorno social más inmediato, esto es, el de la colectividad mayormente campesina en la que se integra. Para ello, tras ponderar las dificultades que entraña el estudio del presbítero local como escriba y la definición de un corpus, proponemos un método de trabajo centrado en el estudio de su formación y capacidad formativa, práctica de producción y custodia documental, como punto de partida para abrir una nueva línea de investigación centrada en el presbítero rural como garante de la alfabetización relativa del grupo laico en entorno rural.
Efeito do manejo de plantações de eucalyptus globulus em alguns indicadores de qualidade do solo
Authors: Pérez-Díaz Alberto , Tornisielo Sâmia Maria Tauk , Castellanos Gabriel Ribeiro
Published: October 2023

O experimento foi realizado no Centro de Estudos Ambientais (CEA) no Brasil. Foram avaliadas três parcelas: P-23 (com espécies nativas do Brasil), P-15 (desmatamento) e P-Eucalipto (50 anos de plantio), pertencentes à Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (FEENA) o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do manejo do eucalipto em alguns indicadores de qualidade do solo. Foram instaladas parcelas de 900 m2 com 17 pontos de coleta. Foram avaliados os indicadores de qualidade do solo: pH, MO (%), N (%), respiração biológica (umol CO2m-2s-1), bactérias e fungos (UFC). Os resultados mostraram que os fatores ambientais e indicadores de qualidade do solo sofreram maiores variações na parcela P-15. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre os tratamentos em termos de matéria orgânica, N do solo (%), número de bactérias e fungos e quantidade de CO2 liberado no solo. Os indicadores de qualidade do solo variaram de acordo com o manejo da floresta, sendo encontrada relação entre a produção de CO2 e a relação C/N, C % e matéria orgânica do solo. O uso de indicadores de qualidade do solo pode ser uma ferramenta rápida para avaliar o efeito do manejo de plantações florestais.
Impacto da queima de biomassa nas propriedades físico-químicas de aerossóis no Pantanal brasileiro
Authors: Weber Alfredo dos Santos
Published: October 2023

O Pantanal brasileiro é uma floresta complexa com grande importância no controle do fluxo de água na Bacia do Rio Paraguai, apresentando crescente produção agropecuária e tem sofrido fortemente por queimadas cuja emissão impacta a formação de nuvens, espalhamento da radiação, qualidade do ar e a saúde humana. Por isso, para analisar o impacto das queimadas nas propriedades físico-químicas dos aerossóis em uma reserva natural no Pantanal Norte, material particulado foi coletado em filtros, durante sete meses de amostragem na estação seca. A caracterização química foi realizada com fluorescência de raios-X por dispersão de energia e refletômetria para quantificação de black carbon equivalente(eBC). As propriedades óticas obtidas do sítio Cuiabá-Miranda da AERONET como: Profundidade Ótica de Aerossol (AOD), Expoentes de Angstrom de absorção e espalhamento (EAE, AAE, SAE), Albedo de Espalhamento Único (SSA) e Distribuição de Tamanho Volumétrico, foram usadas para caracterizar e classificar oticamente os aerossóis. Os resultados indicam forte impacto da emissão de queimadas nas propriedades óticas, com aumento das médias de AOD, SSA, AAE e SAE. Observou-se a alteração do perfil químico dos elementos traços, que em sua maioria é Al, Si, Fe e P, na estação chuvosa; e BC equivalente, S, K, ao quando há maior incidência de queimadas. Houve redução do tamanho médio das partículas coletadas verificada pela massa coletada nos filtros e pelo produto de inverso de distribuição volumétrica da AERONET. O valor médio da concentração de massa PM de 6,7±5,56 µg.m-3 para a moda grossa e 5,98±2,18 µg.m-3 para a moda fino. A concentração média de eBC foi de 0,59±0,53 µg.m-3, e durante um episódio de incêndio florestal, atingiu 1,68 µg.m-3 na moda fina. Os resultados mostraram a relação direta entre agrupamentos óticos de alta absorção e de menor tamanho e o aumento da concentração de eBC.
New intumescent coatings for protection flammable materials interior and outside buildings
Authors: Pyrzyński Kajetan , Michalska Agnieszka
Published: October 2023

The effect of silica on the intumescent fire-retardant coating’s properties. Cone calorimetry and a single burning item test were used to determine flammability. The silica-modified intumescent coating allows obtaining a Bs1d0 class non-flammable material for the protection of wood and wood-based materials (e.g., plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, other lignocellulosic composites).
Soil carbon farming has the potential to bridge the global emissions gap
Authors: McGlade Jacqueline , Morris Kevin
Published: October 2023

There is growing interest globally in soil health and the role that enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) can play in climate change mitigation, resilience, and food security. Different initiatives for SOC sequestration (SCS), such as Project Drawdown, ‘4p1000’ and RECSOIL have been proposed yet SCS commitments and targets are missing from the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the 2015 Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC Global Stocktake. This paper asks whether a single, locally relevant target could be developed for SCS that would encourage widespread adoption of soil carbon removals practices by farmers and land managers globally? We used 210,00 local soils profiles from the World Soil Information System to assess the SOC potential of 2,352 million ha of agricultural land, identified with the Landsat Global Land Cover classification. Based on the local characteristics of the carbon sequestration capacity of soils, we found that a one percent average increase in SOC storage in croplands, pasture and irrigated fields would have the potential to sequester 84.9 GtC or 311 311 GtCO
2-e [range 159 – 447 GtCO
2-e]. This represents more than a decade of the emission reductions needed to have a chance of remaining on a 2°C or 1.5°C or Net Zero pathway. We argue that a one per cent target is easy to communicate and understand, especially as most farmers and land managers who regularly test their soils are familiar with the soil carbon percentages of their land.