bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Silico Study of Spacer Arm Length Influence on Drug Vectorization by Fullerene C60
Authors: Khemir Haifa , Tangour Bahoueddine , Moussa Fathi
Published: June 2015

This work studies theoretically the effect of spacer arm lengths on the characteristics of a fullerene C60‐based nanovector. The spacer arm is constituted of a carbon chain including a variable number of methylene groups (n = 2–11). To improve the ability of the fullerene carriage, two arms are presented simultaneously through a malonyl bridge. Then the evolution of selected physicochemical parameters is monitored as a function of the spacer arm length and the angle between the two arms. We show here that while the studied characteristics are almost independent of the spacer arm length or vary monotonically with it, the dipole moment and its orientation vary periodically with the parity of the number of carbon atoms. This periodicity is related to both modules and orientations of dipole moments of the spacer arms. In the field of chemical synthesis, these results highlight the importance of theoretical calculations for the optimization of operating conditions. In the field of drug discovery, they show that theoretical calculations of the chemical properties of a drug candidate can help predict its in vivo behaviour, notably its bioavailability and biodistribution, which are known to be tightly dependent of its polarity.
Evaluation of Seismic Fragility of Weir Structures in South Korea
Authors: Ju Bu Seog , Jung WooYoung
Published: June 2015

In order to reduce earthquake damage of multifunctional weir systems similar to a dam structure, this study focused on probabilistic seismic risk assessment of the weir structure using the fragility methodology based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), with emphasis on the uncertainties of the seismic ground motions in terms of near field induced pulse-like motions and far field faults. The 2D simple linear elastic plain strain finite element (FE) model including soil structure foundations using tie connection method in ABAQUS was developed to incorporate the uncertainty. In addition, five different limit states as safety criteria were defined for the seismic vulnerability of the weir system. As a consequence, the results obtained from multiple linear time history analyses revealed that the weir structure was more vulnerable to the tensile stress of the mass concrete in both near and far field ground motions specified earthquake hazard levels. In addition, the system subjected to near field motions was primarily more fragile than that under far field ground motions. On the other hand, the probability of failure due to the tensile stress at weir sill and stilling basin showed the similar trend in the overall peak ground acceleration levels.
α7 Nicotinic Receptor Promotes the Neuroprotective Functions of Astrocytes against Oxaliplatin Neurotoxicity
Authors: Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Tenci Barbara , Zanardelli Matteo , Failli Paola , Ghelardini Carla
Published: June 2015

Neuropathies are characterized by a complex response of the central nervous system to injuries. Glial cells are recruited to maintain neuronal homeostasis but dysregulated activation leads to pain signaling amplification and reduces the glial neuroprotective power. Recently, we highlighted the property ofα7 nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptor (nAChR) agonists to relieve pain and induce neuroprotection simultaneously with a strong increase in astrocyte density. Aimed to study the role ofα7 nAChR in the neuron-glia cross-talk, we treated primary rat neurons and astrocytes with the neurotoxic anticancer drug oxaliplatin evaluating the effect of theα7 nAChR agonist PNU-282987 (PNU). Oxaliplatin (1 μM, 48 h) reduced cell viability and increased caspase-3 activity of neuron monocultures without damaging astrocytes. In cocultures, astrocytes were not able to protect neurons by oxaliplatin even if glial cell metabolism was stimulated (pyruvate increase). On the contrary, the coculture incubation with 10 μM PNU improved neuron viability and inhibited apoptosis. In the absence of astrocytes, the protection disappeared. Furthermore, PNU promoted the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 and the expression of the glutamate-detoxifying enzyme glutamine synthetase. Theα7 nAChR stimulation protects neurons from oxaliplatin toxicity through an astrocyte-mediated mechanism.α7 nAChR is suggested for recovering the homeostatic role of astrocytes.
Structural, Morphological, and Electron Transport Studies of Annealing Dependent In2O3 Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Mahalingam S. , Abdullah H. , Shaari S. , Muchtar A. , Asshari I.
Published: June 2015

Indium oxide (In2O3) thin films annealed at various annealing temperatures were prepared by using spin‐coating method for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The objective of this research is to enhance the photovoltaic conversion efficiency in In2O3 thin films by finding the optimum annealing temperature and also to study the reason for high and low performance in the annealed In2O3 thin films. The structural and morphological characteristics of In2O3 thin films were studied via XRD patterns, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDX sampling, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The annealing treatment modified the nanostructures of the In2O3 thin films viewed through FESEM images. The In2O3‐450°C‐based DSSC exhibited better photovoltaic performance than the other annealed thin films of 1.54%. The electron properties were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) unit. The In2O3‐450°C thin films provide larger diffusion rate, low recombination effect, and longer electron lifetime, thus enhancing the performance of DSSC.
Existence and Convergence of the Positive Solutions of a Discrete Epidemic Model
Authors: Wei Zhijian , Le Meitao
Published: June 2015

We consider a class of system of nonlinear difference equations arising from mathematical models describing a discrete epidemic model. Sufficient conditions are established that guarantee the existence of positive solutions, the existence of a unique nonnegative equilibrium, and the convergence of the positive solutions to the nonnegative equilibrium of the system of difference equations. The obtained results are new and they complement previously known results.
Therapeutic Potential of IL‐17‐Mediated Signaling Pathway in Autoimmune Liver Diseases
Authors: Zhang Haiyan , Bernuzzi Francesca , Lleo Ana , Ma Xiong , Invernizzi Pietro
Published: June 2015

Emerging evidence reveals that various cytokines and tissue microenvironments contribute to liver inflammation and autoimmunity, and IL‐17 family is one of highlights acknowledged. Although the implication of IL‐17 family in most common autoimmune diseases (such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis) has been extensively characterized, the role of this critical family in pathophysiology of autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) still needs to be clarified. In the review, we look into the intriguing biology of IL‐17 family and further dissect on the intricate role of IL‐17‐mediated pathway in AILD. Considering encouraging data from preclinical and clinical trials, IL‐17 targeted therapy has shown promises in several certain autoimmune conditions. However, blocking IL‐17‐mediated pathway is just beginning, and more fully investigation and reflection are required. Taking together, targeting IL‐17‐mediated responses may open up new areas of potential clinical treatment for AILD.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Associated with Brain Volumetric Measurements in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Klaren Rachel E. , Hubbard Elizabeth A. , Motl Robert W. , Pilutti Lara A. , Wetter Nathan C. , Sutton Bradley P.
Published: June 2015

Background. Little is known about physical activity and its association with volumes of whole brain gray matter and white matter and deep gray matter structures in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS).Purpose. This study examined the association between levels of physical activity and brain volumetric measures from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS.Method. 39 persons with MS wore an accelerometer for a 7-day period and underwent a brain MRI. Normalized GM volume (NGMV), normalized WM volume (NWMV), and deep GM structures were calculated from 3D T1-weighted structural brain images. We conducted partial correlations (pr) controlling for demographic and clinical variables.Results. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with NGMV (pr=0.370,p<0.05), NWMV (pr=0.433,p<0.01), hippocampus (pr=0.499,p<0.01), thalamus (pr=0.380,p<0.05), caudate (pr=0.539,p<0.01), putamen (pr=0.369,p<0.05), and pallidum (pr=0.498,p<0.01) volumes, when controlling for sex, age, clinical course of MS, and Expanded Disability Status Scale score. There were no associations between sedentary and light physical activity with MRI outcomes.Conclusion. Our results provide the first evidence that MVPA is associated with volumes of whole brain GM and WM and deep GM structures that are involved in motor and cognitive functions in MS.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves the Quality of Life in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Wei Yao , Zhu Weiming , Gong Jianfeng , Guo Dong , Gu Lili , Li Ning , Li Jieshou
Published: June 2015

Introduction. To determine the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on quality of life (QoL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods. Fourteen IBD patients, including 11 Ulcerative colitis (UC) and 3 Crohn’s disease (CD), were treated with FMT via colonoscopy or nasojejunal tube infusion. QoL was measured by IBD Questionnaire (IBDQ). Disease activity and IBDQ were evaluated at enrollment and four weeks after treatment. Patients’ attitude concerning the treatment was also investigated.Results. One patient was excluded due to intolerance. All the other patients finished the study well. Mean Mayo score in UC patients decreased significantly (5.80 ± 1.87 versus 1.50 ± 1.35,P<0.01). Mean IBDQ scores of both UC and CD patients increased (135.50 ± 27.18 versus 177.30 ± 20.88,P=0.00063, and 107.33 ± 9.45 versus 149.00 ± 20.07,P=0.024) four weeks after fecal microbiota transplantation. There was no correlation between the IBDQ score and Mayo score before and after FMT. Patients refused to take FMT as treatment repeatedly in a short time.Conlusions. Fecal microbiota transplantation improves quality of life significantly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Precuneus and Cingulate Cortex Atrophy and Hypometabolism in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: MRI and18F-FDG PET Quantitative Analysis Using FreeSurfer
Authors: Bailly Matthieu , Destrieux Christophe , Hommet Caroline , Mondon Karl , Cottier Jean-Philippe , Beaufils Emilie , Vierron Emilie , Vercouillie Johnny , Ibazizene Méziane , Voisin Thierry , Payoux Pierre , Barré Louisa , Camus Vincent , Guilloteau Denis , Ribeiro Maria-Joao
Published: June 2015

Objective.The objective of this study was to compare glucose metabolism and atrophy, in the precuneus and cingulate cortex, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), using FreeSurfer.Methods.47 individuals (17 patients with AD, 17 patients with amnestic MCI, and 13 healthy controls (HC)) were included. MRI and PET images using18F-FDG (mean injected dose of 185 MBq) were acquired and analyzed using FreeSurfer to define regions of interest in the hippocampus, amygdala, precuneus, and anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Regional volumes were generated. PET images were registered to the T1-weighted MRI images and regional uptake normalized by cerebellum uptake (SUVr) was measured.Results.Mean posterior cingulate volume was reduced in MCI and AD. SUVr were different between the three groups: mean precuneus SUVr was 1.02 for AD, 1.09 for MCI, and 1.26 for controls (p<0.05); mean posterior cingulate SUVr was 0.96, 1.06, and 1.22 for AD, MCI, and controls, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusion.We found graduated hypometabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus in prodromal AD (MCI) and AD, whereas atrophy was not significant. This suggests that the use of18F-FDG in these two regions could be a neurodegenerative biomarker.
Adaptive Immunity and Antigen‐Specific Activation in Obesity‐Associated Insulin Resistance
Authors: Chng Melissa Hui Yen , Alonso Michael N. , Barnes Sarah E. , Nguyen Khoa D. , Engleman Edgar G.
Published: June 2015

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease that is strongly tied to obesity and often preceded by insulin resistance (IR). It has been established that chronic inflammation of hypertrophic adipose tissue depots in obese individuals leads to obesity‐associated IR and is mediated by cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages. More recently, cells of the adaptive immune system, B and T lymphocytes, have also emerged as important regulators of glucose homeostasis, raising the intriguing possibility that antigen‐driven immune responses play a role in disease. In this review, we critically evaluate the roles that various B and T cell subsets play in IR, and then we examine the data suggesting that antigen‐driven mechanisms, such as antigen presentation and costimulation, may drive the activity of these lymphocytes.
Polyarticular Septic Arthritis in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Miller Annelise , Abduljabbar Fahad , Jarzem Peter
Published: June 2015

Septic arthritis is a clinical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. Polyarticular septic arthritis (PASA) accounts for 15% of all infectious arthritides and rarely occurs in immunocompetent adults.Staphylococcus aureusis the most commonly isolated organism, with infection primarily affecting knees, shoulders, elbows, and hips. The morbidity associated with PASA is very high, and mortality in treated cases of PASA may be as high as 50% of cases. We report a case of PASA with associated epidural abscess in a healthy adult male, who presented with complaints of arthralgia and limited range of motion of his left shoulder, wrist, and ankle. He also presented with low back pain and motor weakness associated with an epidural abscess spanning L2-S1, with multilevel vertebral osteomyelitis. Surgical washout of the affected joints as well as decompressive laminectomies was performed, and he received a standard course of intravenous antibiotics.Staphylococcus aureuswas isolated from joint aspirations and from blood cultures. The patient had a full neurological and functional recovery postoperatively with no sequelae. To the best of our knowledge this is the only case report ofStaphylococcus aureusPASA with concomitant epidural abscess in an immunocompetent adult.
Space of Functions with Some Generalization of Bounded Variation in the Sense of de La Vallée Poussin
Authors: Castillo René Erlín , Rafeiro Humberto , Trousselot Eduard
Published: June 2015

We introduce a function space with some generalization of bounded variation in the sense of de la Vallée Poussin and study some of its properties, like embeddings and decompositions, among others.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in Children and Young Adults: A Single Institution Retrospective Review
Authors: Bishop Michael W. , Somerville Jessica M. , Bahrami Armita , Kaste Sue C. , Interiano Rodrigo B. , Wu Jianrong , Mao Shenghua , Boop Frederick A. , Williams Regan F. , Pappo Alberto S. , Samant Sandeep
Published: June 2015

Background. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an aggressive, uncommon histologic entity arising in bone and soft tissues. We reviewed our institutional experience with this rare diagnosis.Methods. We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma over a 24-year period. Clinicopathologic and radiographic features were reviewed.Results. Twelve patients were identified. Nine were females; median age was 14.5 years (1.2–19.7 years). The most common site was the head/neck (7/12). Disease was localized in 11/12 patients (one with lung nodules). Six with available tissue demonstratedNCOA2rearrangement by FISH. Six underwent upfront surgical resection, and six received neoadjuvant therapy (2 chemotherapy alone and 4 chemotherapy and radiation). All patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (most commonly ifosfamide/doxorubicin) and/or radiation (median dose 59.4 Gy). At a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 68.2% (95% CI 39.8%, 96.6%) and 88.9% (95% CI 66.9%, 100%). Two patients had distant recurrences at 15 and 42 months, respectively.Conclusion. Aggressive surgical resection of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with chemoradiotherapy yields excellent local control and may reduce likelihood of late recurrence. Characterization of downstream targets of theHEY1-NCOA2fusion protein, xenograft models, and drug screening are needed to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
Primary Bronchopulmonary Actinomycosis Masquerading as Lung Cancer: Apropos of Two Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Katsenos Stamatis , Galinos Iosif , Styliara Panagiota , Galanopoulou Nikoletta , Psathakis Konstantinos
Published: June 2015

Actinomycosis is a rare and slowly progressive infectious disease that can affect a variety of organ systems including the lung. It is caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria of the genusActinomyces. Despite its rarity, pulmonary actinomycosis can involve lung parenchyma, bronchial structures, and chest wall. The disease can mimic lung malignancy given its nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma to the attending physician. In this paper, we describe two patients with pulmonary actinomycosis mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma; the former presented with peripheral infiltrate and associated hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the latter presented with a foreign body-induced endobronchial mass. Clinical, imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutical aspects of the disease are discussed, demonstrating the paramount importance of the histological examination of lung tissue specimens in the confirmation of the infection given either its low culture yield or the limited use of new molecular diagnostic tools in routine clinical practice.
Environmental Stability and Residual Stresses in Zirconia Femoral Head for Total Hip Arthroplasty:In VitroAging versus Retrieval Studies
Authors: Arita Masanori , Takahashi Yasuhito , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Shishido Takaaki , Masaoka Toshinori , Sano Keiji , Yamamoto Kengo
Published: June 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the low temperature degradation (LTD) behavior of femoral heads made of 3Y-TZP as observed on retrievals with that inducedin vitroupon prolonged exposures to a hydrothermal environment. The time-dependent evolution of tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation and the related residual stresses were nondestructively monitored by Raman microspectroscopy. An increasing intensification of tensile and compressive stresses was detected with increasing hydrothermal aging duration in tetragonal and monoclinic phases, respectively. The dependence of monoclinic fraction upon exposure time was rationalized through the Mehl-Avrami-Johnson (MAJ) formalism in order to interpret the LTD process according to a two-step mechanism of formation and growth of monoclinic nuclei.In vitroresults were compared toin vivomonoclinic contents in the same type of 3Y-TZP head retrievals after implantation periods of 1.6–16.6 y, also including literature data previously reported by other authors. One-hour exposure under the selected aging condition is estimated to correspond toin vivoexposures of 4 and 2 years according to ISO and ASTM criteria, respectively. A critical review of these two criteria according to the present analyses revealed that the ASTM simulation predicts more closely thein vivoresults as compared to the ISO one.
Can Early Rehabilitation after Total Hip Arthroplasty Reduce Its Major Complications and Medical Expenses? Report from a Nationally Representative Cohort
Authors: Chiung-Jui Su Daniel , Yuan Kuo-Shu , Weng Shih-Feng , Hong Rong-Bin , Wu Ming-Ping , Wu Hing-Man , Chou Willy
Published: June 2015

Objective. To investigate whether early rehabilitation reduces the occurrence of posttotal hip arthroplasty (THA) complications, adverse events, and medical expenses within one postoperative year.Method. We retrospectively retrieve data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients who had undergone THA during the period from 1998 to 2010 were recruited, matched for propensity scores, and divided into 2 groups: early rehabilitation (Early Rehab) and delayed rehabilitation (Delayed Rehab).Results. Eight hundred twenty of 999 THA patients given early rehabilitation treatments were matched to 205 of 233 THA patients given delayed rehabilitation treatments. The Delayed Rehab group had significantly (allp<0.001) higher medical and rehabilitation expenses and more outpatient department (OPD) visits than the Early Rehab group. In addition, the Delayed Rehab group was associated with more prosthetic infection (odds ratio (OR): 3.152; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.211–8.203;p<0.05) than the Early Rehab group.Conclusions. Early rehabilitation can significantly reduce the incidence of prosthetic infection, total rehabilitation expense, total medical expenses, and number of OPD visits within the first year after THA.
Cellular Plasticity in Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Jadaan Dima Y. , Jadaan Mutaz M. , McCabe John P.
Published: June 2015

Purpose.Experimental data suggest that tumour cells can reversibly transition between epithelial and mesenchymal states (EMT and MET), a phenomenon known as cellular plasticity. The aim of this review was to appraise the clinical evidence for the role of cellular plasticity in prostate cancer (PC) bone metastasis.Methods.An electronic search was performed using PubMed for studies that have examined the differential expression of epithelial, mesenchymal, and stem cell markers in human PC bone metastasis tissues.Results.The review included nineteen studies. More than 60% of the studies used ≤20 bone metastasis samples, and there were several sources of heterogeneity between studies. Overall, most stem cell markers analysed, except for CXCR4, were positively expressed in bone metastasis tissues, while the expression of EMT and MET markers was heterogeneous between and within samples. Several EMT and stemness markers that are involved in osteomimicry, such as Notch, Met receptor, and Wnt/βpathway, were highly expressed in bone metastases.Conclusions.Clinical findings support the role of cellular plasticity in PC bone metastasis and suggest that epithelial and mesenchymal states cannot be taken in isolation when targeting PC bone metastasis. The paper also highlights several challenges in the clinical detection of cellular plasticity.
Unsupervised Classification Method for Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery Based on Yamaguchi Four-Component Decomposition Model
Authors: Sun Sheng , Liu Renfeng , Wen Wen
Published: June 2015

For improving the accuracy of unsupervised classification based on scattering models, the four-component Yamaguchi model is introduced, which is an improved version of the best-known three-component Freeman model. Therewith, the four-component model is combined with the Wishart distance model. The new proposed algorithm of clustering is rolled out thereafter and the procedure of this new method is listed. In experiments, seven areas of various homogeneities are singled out from the Flevoland sample image in AIRSAR dataset. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed for a comparative study. It can be easily seen that the resolution and details are remarkably upgraded by the new proposed method. The accuracy of classification in homogeneous areas has also increased significantly by adopting the new iterative algorithm.
The Youngest Korean Case of Urachal Carcinoma
Authors: Lee Seung Ryeol , Kang Haeyoun , Kang Moon Hyung , Yu Young Dong , Choi Chang Il , Choi Kyung Hwa , Park Dong Soo , Hong Young Kwon
Published: June 2015

Urachal anomalies are relatively uncommon and result from incomplete obliteration of the urachus perinatally. In children, most urachal diseases including urachal cysts and sinuses are benign, and these can sometimes become secondarily infected. Malignant involvement of the urachus is rarely reported, one in 5 million people, accounting for 0.35% to 0.7% of all bladder cancers. There are only five cases of urachal cancer diagnosed at the age of twenties in English written literature. Age at the diagnosis of urachal carcinoma is important to understand pathogenetic transition from benign to malignancy. A 26-year-old man visited our clinic with gross hematuria starting a few months before. CT scan showed a 4.0×6.8 cm sized lobulated cystic mass over the bladder dome. Cystoscopy showed a ball-shaped extrinsic mass from the bladder dome with intact bladder mucosa. With an impression of urachal cancer, laparoscopic partial cystectomy with wide excision of urachus was performed. Final diagnosis was well differentiated mucinous urachal adenocarcinoma invading bladder muscle, staged as pT3a based on Sheldon’s staging system. To our best knowledge, this case is the youngest Korean case of urachal carcinoma (the fourth youngest ever in English written literature).
Fibromuscular Dysplasia Leading to Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection with Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bajwa Ata , Bhatnagar Udit , Sharma Amit , El-Halawany Hani , Thompson Randall C.
Published: June 2015

A 30-year-old previously healthy female, who was six-week postpartum, experienced sudden collapse and tonic-clonic seizure. Emergency medicine services arrived at the scene and the patient was found to be in ventricular fibrillation. Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) was initiated with return of spontaneous circulation. Afterwards, her initial EKG showed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, ST elevation in leads II, III, and aVF, and ST depression in V2–V4. She was transferred to a tertiary care hospital where emergent angiogram was performed revealing obstruction of blood flow in the proximal and mid right coronary artery (RCA). A hazy and irregularly contoured appearance of the RCA was consistent with diagnosis of fibromuscular dysplasia. Subsequently, intravascular ultrasonogram (IVUS) was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of RCA dissection. Successful revascularization of the RCA was performed using two bare mental stents. After a complicated course in hospital, she was discharged in stable condition and did very well overall.
Activation of Cell Surface Bound 20S Proteasome Inhibits Vascular Cell Growth and Arteriogenesis
Authors: Ito Wulf D. , Lund Natalie , Zhang Ziyang , Buck Friedrich , Lellek Heinrich , Horst Andrea , Machens Hans-Günther , Schunkert Heribert , Schaper Wolfgang , Meinertz Thomas
Published: June 2015

Arteriogenesis is an inflammatory process associated with rapid cellular changes involving vascular resident endothelial progenitor cells (VR-EPCs). Extracellular cell surface bound 20S proteasome has been implicated to play an important role in inflammatory processes. In our search for antigens initially regulated during collateral growth mAb CTA 157-2 was generated against membrane fractions of growing collateral vessels. CTA 157-2 stained endothelium of growing collateral vessels and the cell surface of VR-EPCs. CTA 157-2 bound a protein complex (760 kDa) that was identified as 26 kDaα7 and 21 kDaβ3 subunit of 20S proteasome in mass spectrometry. Furthermore we demonstrated specific staining of 20S proteasome after immunoprecipitation of VR-EPC membrane extract with CTA 157-2 sepharose beads. Functionally, CTA 157-2 enhanced concentration dependently AMC (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin) cleavage from LLVY (N-Succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr) by recombinant 20S proteasome as well as proteasomal activity in VR-EPC extracts. Proliferation of VR-EPCs (BrdU incorporation) was reduced by CTA 157-2. Infusion of the antibody into the collateral circulation reduced number of collateral arteries, collateral proliferation, and collateral conductancein vivo.In conclusion our results indicate that extracellular cell surface bound 20S proteasome influences VR-EPC functionin vitroand collateral growthin vivo.
Probabilistic Trust Evaluation with Inaccurate Reputation Reports
Authors: Liu Bin , Yang Geng
Published: June 2015

We are concerned with the problem of trust evaluation in the generic context of large scale open-ended systems. In such systems the truster agents have to interact with other trustee peers to achieve their goals, while the trustees may not behave as required in practice. The truster therefore has to predict the behaviors of potential trustees to identify reliable ones, based on past interaction experience. Due to the size of the system, often there is little or no past interaction between the truster and the trustee, that is, the case wherein the truster should resort to the third party agents, termed advisors here, inquiring about the reputation of the trustee. The problem is complicated by the possibility that the advisors may deliberately provide inaccurate and even misleading reputation reports to the truster. To this end, we develop techniques to take account of inaccurate reputations in modeling the behaviors of the trustee based on the Bayesian formalism. The core of the techniques is a proposed notion, termed Advisor-to-Truster relevance measure, based on which the incorrect reputation reports are rectified for use in the trust evaluation process. The benefit induced by the proposed techniques is verified by simulated experiments.
Male Partners’ Involvement in the Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors in Arba Minch Town and Arba Minch Zuria Woreda, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tilahun Marelign , Mohamed Shikur
Published: June 2015

Background. Male involvement is an important determinant of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. However, male involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Ethiopia is not well known.Objectives. To assess male partners involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and associated factors in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria woreda.Methods. Community based study was conducted in Arba Minch town and Arba Minch Zuria district. Multistage sampling technique was used and data were collected using interviewer administered standard questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the presence of statistically significant associations between the outcome variable and the independent variables.Results. The level of male involvement in PMTCT program in Arba Minch town and Zuria district was 53%. Several factors appear to contribute to male involvement in the PMTCT program including age, residence, education level, knowledge on HIV, knowledge on PMTCT, accessibility of health facility, having weak perception for male involvement in PMTCT, having perception of ANC attendance being females’ responsibility, ever use of khat, and ever use of cigarette.Conclusion. Geographical accessibility of health facility and male’s knowledge on PMTCT should be improved to increase their involvement in PMTCT.
Response of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Hydrologic Gradients in the Rhizosphere ofPhragmites australis(Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel Growing in the Sun Island Wetland
Authors: Wang Li , Wu Jieting , Ma Fang , Yang Jixian , Li Shiyang , Li Zhe , Zhang Xue
Published: June 2015

Within the rhizosphere, AM fungi are a sensitive variable to changes of botanic and environmental conditions, and they may interact with the biomass of plant and other microbes. During the vegetative period of thePhragmites australisgrowing in the Sun Island Wetland (SIW), the variations of AM fungi colonization were studied. Root samples of three hydrologic gradients generally showed AM fungi colonization, suggesting that AM fungi have the ability for adaptation to flooded habitats. There were direct and indirect hydrological related effects with respect to AM fungi biomass, which interacted simultaneously in the rhizosphere. Though water content in soil and reed growth parameters were both positively associated with AM fungi colonization, only the positive correlations between reed biomass parameters and the colonization could be expected, or both the host plant biomass and the AM fungi could be beneficial. The variations in response of host plant to the edaphic and hydrologic conditions may influence the effectiveness of the plant-mycorrhizal association. This study included a hydrologic component to better assess the role and distribution of AM fungi in wetland ecosystems. And because of that, the range of AM fungi was extended, since they actually showed a notable adaptability to hydrologic gradients.
Spontaneous Intestinal Tumorigenesis inApc/Min+Mice Requires Altered T Cell Development with IL-17A
Authors: Chae Wook-Jin , Bothwell Alfred L. M.
Published: June 2015

The control of inflammatory diseases requires functional regulatory T cells (Tregs) with significant Gata-3 expression. Here we address the inhibitory role of Tregs on intestinal tumorigenesis in theApc/Min+mouse model that resembles human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).Apc/Min+mice had a markedly increased frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs and yet decreased Gata-3 expression in the lamina propria. To address the role of heterozygousApcgene mutation in Tregs, we generatedFoxp3-Cre,Apcflox/+mice. Tregs from these mice effectively inhibited tumorigenesis comparable to wild type Tregs after adoptive transfer intoApc/Min+mice, demonstrating that the heterozygousApcgene mutation in Tregs does not induce the loss of control over tumor microenvironment. Adoptive transfer of in vitro generatedApc/Min+iTregs (inducible Tregs) failed to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis, suggesting that naïve CD4 T cells generated fromApc/Min+mice thymus were impaired. We also showed that adoptively transferred IL-17A-deficientApc/Min+Tregs inhibited tumor growth, suggesting that IL-17A was critical to impair the tumor regression function ofApc/Min+Tregs. Taken together, our results suggest that both T cell development in a functional thymus and IL-17A control the ability of Treg to inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis inApc/Min+mice.
Time-Dependent Reliability Modeling and Analysis Method for Mechanics Based on Convex Process
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Ruixing , Chen Xiao
Published: June 2015

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the time-dependent reliability for dynamic mechanics with insufficient time-varying uncertainty information. In this paper, the nonprobabilistic convex process model, which contains autocorrelation and cross-correlation, is firstly employed for the quantitative assessment of the time-variant uncertainty in structural performance characteristics. By combination of the set-theory method and the regularization treatment, the time-varying properties of structural limit state are determined and a standard convex process with autocorrelation for describing the limit state is formulated. By virtue of the classical first-passage method in random process theory, a new nonprobabilistic measure index of time-dependent reliability is proposed and its solution strategy is mathematically conducted. Furthermore, the Monte-Carlo simulation method is also discussed to illustrate the feasibility and accuracy of the developed approach. Three engineering cases clearly demonstrate that the proposed method may provide a reasonable and more efficient way to estimate structural safety than Monte-Carlo simulations throughout a product life-cycle.
The Influence of Calcium Chloride Salt Solution on the Transport Properties of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Farnam Yaghoob , Washington Taylor , Weiss Jason
Published: June 2015

The chemical interaction between calcium chloride (CaCl2) and cementitious binder may alter the transport properties of concrete which are important in predicting the service life of infrastructure elements. This paper presents a series of fluid and gas transport measurements made on cementitious mortars before and after exposure to various solutions with concentrations ranging from 0% to 29.8% CaCl2by mass. Fluid absorption, oxygen diffusivity, and oxygen permeability were measured on mortar samples prepared using Type I and Type V cements. Three primary factors influence the transport properties of mortar exposed to CaCl2: (1) changes in the degree of saturation, (2) calcium hydroxide leaching, and (3) formation of chemical reaction products (i.e., Friedel’s salt, Kuzel’s salt, and calcium oxychloride). It is shown that an increase in the degree of saturation decreases oxygen permeability. At lower concentrations (<~12% CaCl2at room temperature), the addition of CaCl2can increase calcium hydroxide leaching, thereby increasing mortar porosity (this is offset by the formation of Friedel’s salt and Kuzel’s salt that can block the pores). At higher concentrations (>~12%), the formation of chemical reaction products (mainly calcium oxychloride) is a dominant factor decreasing the fluid and gas transport in concrete.
Development of Microsatellite Markers Derived from Expressed Sequence Tags of Polyporales for Genetic Diversity Analysis of EndangeredPolyporus umbellatus
Authors: Zhang Yuejin , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Ruihong , Zeng Ailin , Deyholos Michael K. , Shu Jia , Guo Hongbo
Published: June 2015

A large scale of EST sequences of Polyporales was screened in this investigation in order to identify EST-SSR markers for various applications. The distribution of EST sequences and SSRs in five families of Polyporales was analyzed, respectively. Mononucleotide was the most abundant type, followed by trinucleotide. Among five families, Ganodermataceae occupied the most SSR markers, followed by Coriolaceae. Functional prediction of SSR marker-containing EST sequences inGanoderma lucidumobtained three main groups, namely, cellular component, biological process, and molecular function. Thirty EST-SSR primers were designed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 13 naturalPolyporus umbellatusaccessions. Twenty one EST-SSRs were polymorphic with average PIC value of 0.33 and transferability rate of 71%. These 13P.umbellatusaccessions showed relatively high genetic diversity. The expected heterozygosity, Nei’s gene diversity, and Shannon information index were 0.41, 0.39, and 0.57, respectively. Both UPGMA dendrogram and principal coordinate analysis (PCA) showed the same cluster result that divided the 13 accessions into three or four groups.
Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: Evaluation and Management
Authors: Ajiboye Norman , Chalouhi Nohra , Starke Robert M. , Zanaty Mario , Bell Rodney
Published: June 2015

The evolution of imaging techniques and their increased use in clinical practice have led to a higher detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The diagnosis of an unruptured intracranial aneurysm is a source of significant stress to the patient because of the concerns for aneurysmal rupture, which is associated with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important that decisions regarding optimum management are made based on the comparison of the risk of aneurysmal rupture with the risk associated with intervention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on the current evidence in the literature. Furthermore, the authors discuss the genetic abnormalities associated with intracranial aneurysm and current guidelines for screening in patients with a family history of intracranial aneurysms. Since there is significant controversy in the optimum management of small unruptured intracranial aneurysms, we provided a systematic approach to their management based on patient and aneurysm characteristics as well as the risks and benefits of intervention.
Aligned Graphene Oxide Nanofillers: An Approach to Prepare Highly Thermally Conductive and Electrically Insulative Transparent Polymer Composites
Authors: Lin Genlian , Xie Bin-Huan , Hu Juan , Huang Xiao , Zhang Guo-Jun
Published: June 2015

Graphene oxide (GO)/polyvinyl alcohol composites with extremely high in‐plane thermal conductivities are prepared by a simple tape casting process using water as process solvent. The in‐plane thermal conductivity of the composite can reach 17.61 W/mK at only 0.1 wt% GO loading, which is close to that of fully dense alumina. The excellent thermal conducting ability, the unique two‐dimensional morphology, and the all‐wet handling of the GO fillers as well as the high orientation of the fillers in the polymer matrix all contribute to the high thermal conductivities achieved. Meanwhile, the composites show good electrical insulation property and decent transparency.
Regulation of Angiogenic Functions by Angiopoietins through Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathways
Authors: Pafumi Irene , Favia Annarita , Gambara Guido , Papacci Francesca , Ziparo Elio , Palombi Fioretta , Filippini Antonio
Published: June 2015

Angiopoietins are vascular factors essential for blood vessel assembly and correct organization and maturation. This study describes a novel calcium-dependent machinery activated through Angiopoietin-1/2-Tie receptor system in HUVECs monolayer. Both cytokines were found to elicit intracellular calcium mobilization. Targeting intracellular Ca2+signaling, antagonizing IP3with 2-APB or cADPR with 8Br-cADPR, was found to modulatein vitroangiogenic responses to Angiopoietins in a specific way. 2-APB and 8Br-cADPR impaired the phosphorylation of AKT and FAK induced by Ang-1 and Ang-2. On the other hand, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, as well as cell proliferation, was not affected by either inhibitor. The ability of ECs to migrate following Angs stimulation, evaluated by “scratch assay,” was reduced by either 2-APB or 8Br-cADPR following Ang-2 stimulation and only slightly affected by 2-APB in cells stimulated with Ang-1. These results identify a novel calcium-dependent machinery involved in the complex interplay regulating angiogenic processes showing that IP3- and cADPR-induced Ca2+release specifically regulates distinct Angs-mediated angiogenic steps.
Effect of Curing Temperature Histories on the Compressive Strength Development of High-Strength Concrete
Authors: Yang Keun-Hyeok , Mun Jae-Sung , Cho Myung-Sug
Published: June 2015

This study examined the relative strength-maturity relationship of high-strength concrete (HSC) specifically developed for nuclear facility structures while considering the economic efficiency and durability of the concrete. Two types of mixture proportions with water-to-binder ratios of 0.4 and 0.28 were tested under different temperature histories including (1) isothermal curing conditions of 5°C, 20°C, and 40°C and (2) terraced temperature histories of 20°C for an initial age of individual 1, 3, or 7 days and a constant temperature of 5°C for the subsequent ages. On the basis of the test results, the traditional maturity function of an equivalent age was modified to consider the offset maturity and the insignificance of subsequent curing temperature after an age of 3 days on later strength of concrete. To determine the key parameters in the maturity function, the setting behavior, apparent activation energy, and rate constant of the prepared mixtures were also measured. This study reveals that the compressive strength development of HSC cured at the reference temperature for an early age of 3 days is insignificantly affected by the subsequent curing temperature histories. The proposed maturity approach with the modified equivalent age accurately predicts the strength development of HSC.
Epoetin Alpha and Epoetin Zeta: A Comparative Study on Stimulation of Angiogenesis and Wound Repair in an Experimental Model of Burn Injury
Authors: Irrera Natasha , Bitto Alessandra , Pizzino Gabriele , Vaccaro Mario , Squadrito Francesco , Galeano Mariarosaria , Stagno d’Alcontres Francesco , Stagno d’Alcontres Ferdinando , Buemi Michele , Minutoli Letteria , Colonna Michele Rosario , Altavilla Domenica
Published: June 2015

Deep second-degree burns are characterized by delayed formation of granulation tissue and impaired angiogenesis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is able to stimulate angiogenesis and mitosis, activating vascularization and cell cycle. The aim of our study was to investigate whether two biosimilar recombinant human erythropoietins, EPO-αand EPO-Z, may promote these processes in an experimental model of burn injury. A total of 84 mice were used and a scald burn was produced on the back after shaving, in 80°C water for 10 seconds. Mice were then randomized to receive EPO-α(400 units/kg/day/sc) or EPO-Z (400 units/kg/day/sc) or their vehicle (100 μL/day/sc 0.9% NaCl solution). After 12 days, both EPO-αand EPO-Z increased VEGF protein expression. EPO-αcaused an increased cyclin D1/CDK6 and cyclin E/CDK2 expression compared with vehicle and EPO-Z (p<0.001). Our study showed that EPO-αand EPO-Z accelerated wound closure and angiogenesis; however EPO-αresulted more effectively in achieving complete skin regeneration. Our data suggest that EPO-αand EPO-Z are not biosimilars for the wound healing effects. The higher efficacy of EPO-αmight be likely due to its different conformational structure leading to a more efficient cell proliferation and skin remodelling.
Ca2+-Activated IK K+ Channel Blockade Radiosensitizes Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Stegen Benjamin , Butz Lena , Klumpp Lukas , Zips Daniel , Dittmann Klaus , Ruth Peter , Huber Stephan M.
Published: June 2015

Ca2+-activated K+ channels, such as BK and IK channels, have been proposed to fulfill pivotal functions in neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, and brain infiltration of glioblastoma cells. Here, the ionizing radiation (IR) effect of IK K+ channel targeting was tested in human glioblastoma cells. IK channels were inhibited pharmacologically by TRAM-34 or genetically by knockdown, cells were irradiated with 6 MV photons and IK channel activity, Ca2+ signaling, cell cycling, residual double-strand breaks, and clonogenic survival were determined. In addition, the radiosensitizing effect of TRAM-34 was analyzed in vivo in ectopic tumors. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was queried to expose the dependence of IK mRNA abundance on overall survival (OS) of patients with glioma. Results indicate that radiation increased the activity of IK channels, modified Ca2+ signaling, and induced a G2–M cell-cycle arrest. TRAM-34 decreased the IR-induced accumulation in G2–M arrest and increased the number of γH2AX foci post-IR, suggesting that TRAM-34 mediated an increase of residual DNA double-strand breaks. Mechanistically, IK knockdown abolished the TRAM-34 effects indicating the IK specificity of TRAM-34. Finally, TRAM-34 radiosensitized ectopic glioblastoma in vivo and high IK mRNA abundance associated with shorter patient OS in low-grade glioma and glioblastoma.

Implications: Together, these data support a cell-cycle regulatory function for IK K+ channels, and combined therapy using IK channel targeting and radiation is a new strategy for anti-glioblastoma therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 13(9); 1283–95. ©2015 AACR.