bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Particle Focusing and Separation in the Low Aspect Ratio Serpentine‐Hook Shape Microarray
Authors: Amin Keihan , Bahrami Balani Shahaboldin , Naserifar Naser
Published: October 2024

In recent years, researchers have been heavily focused on developing effective techniques for isolating and counting particles. Particle separation methods are enhancing disease point of care and treatment applications. Separation techniques not only increase the chance of early detection of illness but also greatly improve the success rate of treatment. This article introduces a passive microarray separator with a low aspect ratio (<20%). By incorporating a low aspect ratio design, the flow inertial term is effectively diminished, leading to a creeping flow at the channel. This strategy results in negligible lift force and mixing effect on particles. Terminating the mentioned factors provides a channel with sensitive focusing properties. In the proposed research we enhanced a hook‐shaped geometry to increase regional centrifugal force. This configuration results in size‐base particle separation. An expansion was also added to improve the performance of the channel. To validate the functionality and limitations of the designed channel numerical simulation and experimental tests were conducted. To provide better insights into the low aspect ratio separator a numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics has been established. The experiments indicated 91% purity at an input flow of 720 µL/min.
Research on Electromagnetic Performance and Rotor Eddy Current Loss Suppression of Ultra‐Low Temperature and High‐Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Materials for LNG Pumps
Authors: Ge Baojun , Yang Zhifei , Dong Chuanyou , Wang Likun , Yang Zihao
Published: October 2024

There is no unified material selection principle for ultra‐low temperature and high‐speed permanent magnet motors used in liquefied natural gas (LNG) pumps, and high rotor eddy current losses can easily lead to vaporization of the transported LNG. This article first studies the electromagnetic performance of motor structural component materials at room temperature and ultra‐low temperature environments, and proposes the material selection principles for this type of motor. Based on the experimental measurement results of material electromagnetic performance, the loss characteristics of motors under ultra‐low temperature and room temperature environments were compared. Based on the mechanism of rotor eddy current loss and considering the influence of environmental temperature on the material properties of motors, three optimization methods for rotor eddy current loss are proposed. The impact of different suppression measures on rotor eddy current loss is revealed. The suppression of magnetic conduction harmonics can be achieved by opening stator auxiliary slots and optimizing their size and position. High conductivity metal shielding layers are used and their materials and sizes are optimized, And the use of magnetic slot wedges can simultaneously suppress three types of harmonics. Finally, the suppression principles of different optimization methods on rotor eddy current losses were analyzed, and the optimization effects and advantages and disadvantages of different methods were discussed, providing theoretical reference for the optimization design of high‐speed permanent magnet motors operating in ultra‐low temperature environments. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Relationship between morphometric measurements and blood parameters in horses with varying adiposity levels and physiological conditions
Authors: Omidi Arash , Rasooli Aria , Nazifi Saeed , Heydari Abbas , Seirafinia Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background

Understanding and finding the correlation between morphometric measurements and horse blood parameters is crucial for predicting equine metabolic issues.

Objective

This study aims to analyse morphometric measurements and blood samples in horses with varying adiposity levels.

Study design

Cross‐sectional observational.

Methods

A total of 50 horses were included in the study and categorized into groups based on their body condition score (BCS) and cresty neck score (CNS).

Results

The insulin concentration was significantly higher in overweight horses (p = 0.022). Female horses exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p = 0.025) and girth circumference at the withers (p = 0.004) compared to males. Lactating mares exhibited higher concentrations of serum total protein (p = 0.012) and globulin (p = 0.003). A positive correlation was observed between BCS and insulin concentrations (r = 0.290, p = 0.041). Negative correlations were found between neck circumference to height at withers and glucose (r = −0.309, p = 0.029), CNS and glucose (r = −0.315, p = 0.026) as well as between crest diameter and cortisol (r = −0.360, p = 0.01).

Main limitations

Increasing the sample size and conducting longitudinal studies would enhance the study's validity and reliability.

Conclusion

Although insulin, glucose and cortisol concentrations have predictive capabilities based on signs and certain morphometric measurements, their correlations are not always strong. Therefore, this study challenges the notion that all overweight horses are unhealthy, as overweight horses can still have good metabolic health. Conversely, lean horses may also experience metabolic issues. Hence, relying solely on visual cues is insufficient to diagnose the metabolic status of horses. Other factors must also be considered to assess their health status accurately.
An overview of current developments and methods for identifying diabetic foot ulcers: A survey
Authors: Anbarasi L. Jani , Jawahar Malathy , Jayakumari R. Beulah , Narendra Modigari , Ravi Vinayakumar , Neeraja R.
Published: October 2024

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a substantial health risk across diverse age groups, creating challenges for healthcare professionals in the accurate classification and grading. DFU plays a crucial role in automated health monitoring and diagnosis systems, where the integration of medical imaging, computer vision, statistical analysis, and gait information is essential for comprehensive understanding and effective management. Diagnosing DFU is imperative, as it plays a major role in the processes of diagnosis, treatment planning, and neuropathy research within automated health monitoring and diagnosis systems. To address this, various machine learning and deep learning‐based methodologies have emerged in the literature to support healthcare practitioners in achieving improved diagnostic analyses for DFU. This survey paper investigates various diagnostic methodologies for DFU, spanning traditional statistical approaches to cutting‐edge deep learning techniques. It systematically reviews key stages involved in diabetic foot ulcer classification (DFUC) methods, including preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification, explaining their benefits and drawbacks. The investigation extends to exploring state‐of‐the‐art convolutional neural network models tailored for DFUC, involving extensive experiments with data augmentation and transfer learning methods. The overview also outlines datasets commonly employed for evaluating DFUC methodologies. Recognizing that neuropathy and reduced blood flow in the lower limbs might be caused by atherosclerotic blood vessels, this paper provides recommendations to researchers and practitioners involved in routine medical therapy to prevent substantial complications. Apart from reviewing prior literature, this survey aims to influence the future of DFU diagnostics by outlining prospective research directions, particularly in the domains of personalized and intelligent healthcare. Finally, this overview is to contribute to the continual evolution of DFU diagnosis in order to provide more effective and customized medical care.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Multimodal emotion recognition: A comprehensive review, trends, and challenges
Authors: Ramaswamy Manju Priya Arthanarisamy , Palaniswamy Suja
Published: October 2024

Automatic emotion recognition is a burgeoning field of research and has its roots in psychology and cognitive science. This article comprehensively reviews multimodal emotion recognition, covering various aspects such as emotion theories, discrete and dimensional models, emotional response systems, datasets, and current trends. This article reviewed 179 multimodal emotion recognition literature papers from 2017 to 2023 to reflect on the current trends in multimodal affective computing. This article covers various modalities used in emotion recognition based on the emotional response system under four categories: subjective experience comprising text and self‐report; peripheral physiology comprising electrodermal, cardiovascular, facial muscle, and respiration activity; central physiology comprising EEG, neuroimaging, and EOG; behavior comprising facial, vocal, whole‐body behavior, and observer ratings. This review summarizes the measures and behavior of each modality under various emotional states. This article provides an extensive list of multimodal datasets and their unique characteristics. The recent advances in multimodal emotion recognition are grouped based on the research focus areas such as emotion elicitation strategy, data collection and handling, the impact of culture and modality on multimodal emotion recognition systems, feature extraction, feature selection, alignment of signals across the modalities, and fusion strategies. The recent multimodal fusion strategies are detailed in this article, as extracting shared representations of different modalities, removing redundant features from different modalities, and learning critical features from each modality are crucial for multimodal emotion recognition. This article summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of multimodal emotion recognition based on the review outcome, along with challenges and future work in multimodal emotion recognition. This article aims to serve as a lucid introduction, covering all aspects of multimodal emotion recognition for novices.

This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Human Centricity and User Interaction

Technologies > Cognitive Computing

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
The impact of topical tranexamic acid on drain duration and seroma volume in axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pachimatla Akhil Goud , Irrinki Santosh , Khare Siddhant , Raj Nirmal , Singh Gurpreet , Laroiya Ishita
Published: October 2024

Background

Seroma is the most common complication after breast surgery. Some studies showed that tranexamic acid (TA) can be used in breast surgery to reduce seroma formation and drain volume. We studied the effect of intra‐operative and postoperative topical TA on the duration of drain and volume of seroma in patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

Breast cancer patients planned for ALND were enrolled in the study between July 2020 and July 2021. Patients were randomized into three groups where one group (n = 50) received a single intraoperative dose of diluted topical TA, the second group, in addition, received daily postoperative doses till day 5 through the suction drain, and the third group (n = 50) did not receive any dose. Chi‐square tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the primary outcomes—the total volume of drain fluid and total drain duration, and secondary outcomes—daily drain output till postoperative‐day‐5, wound infection, and seroma rates.

Results

Patients receiving multiple doses of topical TA had a decreasing trend in total drain volume, although this was not statistically significant (1597 vs. 1763 vs. 1773 mL: p = 0.269). There was no significant change in the duration of the postoperative drain (21.6 vs. 19.2 vs. 19.55 days: p = 0.54). There was no statistically significant difference in complications between the groups.

Conclusion

There is no significant reduction in drain duration, total drain volume, or the rate of complications with the use of single or multiple doses of topical TA.
Heat and mass transfer in MHD flow of SWCNT and graphene nanoparticles suspension in Casson fluid
Authors: Oke Abayomi Samuel , Juma Belindar Atieno , Reddy Gurrampati Venkatta Ramana
Published: October 2024

The exceptional mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoparticles, particularly their high aspect ratio and flexibility, position them as highly promising materials for the next generation of armor technology. Their incorporation into protective wear, such as bullet‐proof vests, offers the potential for significant improvements in both performance and cost efficiency. By replacing traditional materials with CNTs and graphene, the durability and maintenance of these protective devices could be substantially enhanced, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions for personal safety. This study focuses on the complex phenomena of heat and mass transport within a suspension of CNTs and graphene nanoparticles dispersed in a Casson fluid, particularly under the influence of an applied magnetic field. The analysis begins by reformulating the governing equations using similarity variables to transform them into a dimensionless form to simplify the problem. The resulting dimensionless equations are then solved using the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa finite difference method, a robust numerical technique well‐suited for solving boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. The results of this investigation highlight a significant 78.41% reduction in skin friction when compared with traditional CNT‐water nanofluid systems. This considerable decrease in skin friction not only reveals the superior performance of the CNT‐graphene nanofluid suspension but also opens up new possibilities for the design and development of advanced protective materials. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on nanofluid applications and offer valuable insights for future research in the field of advanced armor technology.
KdV conformal symmetry breaking in nearly AdS2
Authors: Cárdenas Marcela
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the gauge theory formulation of Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity and propose Korteweg-de Vries asymptotic conditions that generalize the asymptotic dynamics of the theory. They permit to construct an enlarged set of boundary actions formed by higher order generalizations of the Schwarzian derivative that contain the Schwarzian as lower term in a tower of SL(2, ℝ) invariants. They are extracted from the KdV Hamiltonians and can be obtained recursively. As a result, the conformal symmetry breaking observed in nearly AdS2 is characterized by a much larger set of dynamical modes associated to the stationary KdV hierarchy. We study quantum perturbation theory for the generalized Schwarzian action including the symplectic measure and compute the one-loop correction to the partition function. We find that despite the non-linear nature of the higher-Schwarzian contribution, it acquires a manageable expression that renders a curious leading temperature dependence on the entropy S = #Ta for a an odd integer.
Bispectrum at 1-loop in the Effective Field Theory of Inflation
Authors: Bhowmick Supritha , Ghosh Diptimoy , Ullah Farman
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this paper we compute 1-loop corrections to the bispectrum in the decoupling limit of the Effective Field Theory of Inflation (EFToI). We regulate the divergences by employing dimensional regularization and work in d = 3 + δ dimensions. We find that the final results feature analytic structures of the form log (ki/kT) and log (H/μ), where H is the Hubble parameter and μ is the renormalisation scale. An interesting outcome of our calculations is that unlike the 1-loop correction to the power-spectrum computed in [1] the unrenormalised answers always produce unphysical logarithms of co-moving momenta. These unphysical logarithms are cancelled only after renormalisation. We expect this to be a generic feature for loop computations unless there is some cancellation as in the previously computed 1-loop result for the power-spectrum.
Revisiting the decoupling limit of the Georgi-Machacek model with a scalar singlet
Authors: Bélanger Geneviève , Dutta Juhi , Godbole Rohini M. , Kraml Sabine , Mitra Manimala , Padhan Rojalin , Roy Abhishek
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We study the connection between collider and dark matter phenomenology in the singlet extension of the Georgi-Machacek model. In this framework, the singlet scalar serves as a suitable thermal dark matter (DM) candidate. Our focus lies on the region vχ< 1 GeV, where vχ is the common vacuum expectation value of the neutral components of the scalar triplets of the model. Setting bounds on the model parameters from theoretical, electroweak precision and LHC experimental constraints, we find that the BSM Higgs sector is highly constrained. Allowed values for the masses of the custodial fiveplets, triplets and singlet are restricted to the range 140 GeV <$$ {M}_{H_5^0} $$

M

H
5
0

< 350 GeV, 150 GeV <$$ {M}_{H_3^0} $$

M

H
3
0

< 270 GeV and 145 GeV < MH< 300 GeV. The extended scalar sector provides new channels for DM annihilation into BSM scalars that allow to satisfy the observed relic density constraint while being consistent with direct DM detection limits. The allowed region of the parameter space of the model can be explored in the upcoming DM detection experiments, both direct and indirect. In particular, the possible high values of BR($$ {H}_5^0 $$

H
5
0

→ γγ) can lead to an indirect DM signal within the reach of CTA. The same feature also provides the possibility of exploring the model at the High-Luminosity run of the LHC. In a simple cut-based analysis, we find that a signal of about 4σ significance can be achieved in final states with at least two photons for one of our benchmark points.
An observer’s measure of de Sitter entropy
Authors: Mirbabayi Mehrdad
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The two-point correlation function of a massive field ⟨χ(τ)χ(0)⟩, measured along an observer’s worldline in de Sitter (dS), decays exponentially as τ → ∞. Meanwhile, every dS observer is surrounded by a horizon and the holographic interpretation of the horizon entropy SdS suggests that the correlation function should stop decaying, and start behaving erratically at late times. We find evidence for this expectation in Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity by finding a topologically nontrivial saddle, which is suppressed by $$ {e}^{-{S}_{\textrm{dS}}} $$

e

−

S
dS

, and which gives a constant contribution to | ⟨χ(τ)χ(0)⟩ |2. This constant might have the interpretation of the late-time average of | ⟨χ(τ)χ(0)⟩ |2 over all microscopic theories that have the same low-energy effective description.
Bettseitige Bildgebung
Authors: Zilberszac Robert
Published: October 2024

Die Sonographie, insbesondere die Echokardiographie, ist in der Beurteilung des Volumenstatus und der Hämodynamik kritisch kranker Patienten unerlässlich. Die Untersuchung des linken Ventrikels liefert neben einer Beurteilung der Ventrikelfunktion auch weitere wertvolle Informationen, einschließlich des „kissing papillary muscle sign“, das auf einen Volumenbedarf hinweisen kann. Die Untersuchung des rechten Ventrikels ist ebenfalls wichtig, da er sowohl auf Volumen- als auch auf Druckbelastung empfindlich reagiert. Die Beurteilung der diastolischen Funktion und die Messung der V.-cava-inferior-Weite und -Variabilität geben Hinweise auf die Vorlast des linken bzw. rechten Ventrikels. Die Messung des Schlagvolumens und des Herzzeitvolumens ermöglicht eine weitere Beurteilung der Hämodynamik und lässt auch eine Ermittlung der Schlagvolumenvariabilität zu.
Experimental investigation of FDM manufacturing of 316 l stainless steel
Authors: Cerlincă Delia-Aurora , Tamașag Ioan , Beșliu-Băncescu Irina , Severin Traian-Lucian , Dulucheanu Constantin
Published: October 2024

Continuous research in the field of metal additive manufacturing has led to the need for constant improvement of manufacturing parameters especially in the case of FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) manufacturing. In recent years, the main directions outlined for productivity and quality improvement were related to higher printing speed and the use of ironing-type processes. This article aims to study the manufacturing parameters of the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of FDM-manufactured 316L stainless steel. The degree of novelty is given by the application of the ironing process for the green part. A full factorial 33 experimental design was designed for this study, in which the factors studied were ironing angle, ironing speed, and layer spacing during ironing. The dimensional accuracy and surface roughness were analyzed by means of deviation measurement from CAD to the green part and final part after the sintering process. Using the design of experiments offers the possibility of applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA) which provides information about the degree of influence of each of the studied factors. The results obtained for the dimensional accuracy showed that the ironing direction had the biggest influence on the Z-axis shrinkage. Overall, approximately 6% shrinkage in the Z and Y directions was obtained while in the X directions, the shrinkage percentage was around 20%. Surface roughness showed an improvement with higher ironing speeds for the green part while for the sintered part the most significant factor was ironing spacing.
Improvement in Microbiota Recovery Using Cas-9 Digestion of Mānuka Plastid and Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Larrouy J. L. , Ridgway H. J. , Dhami M. K. , Jones E. E.
Published: October 2024

Understanding host-microbe interactions in planta is an expanding area of research. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene is a powerful and common method to study bacterial communities associated with plants. However, the co-amplification of mitochondrial and plastid 16S rRNA genes by universal primers impairs the sensitivity and performance of 16S rRNA sequencing. In 2020, a new method, Cas-16S-seq, was reported in the literature to remove host contamination for profiling the microbiota in rice, a well-studied domestic plant, by engineering RNA-programmable Cas9 nuclease in 16S rRNA sequencing. For the first time, we tested the efficiency and applicability of the Cas-16S-seq method on foliage, flowers, and seed of a non-domesticated wild plant for which there is limited genomic information, Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka). Our study demonstrated the efficiency of the Cas-16S-seq method for L. scoparium in removing host contamination in V4-16S amplicons. An increase of 46% in bacterial sequences was found using six guide RNAs (gRNAs), three gRNAs targeting the mitochondrial sequence, and three gRNAs targeting the chloroplast sequence of L. scoparium in the same reaction. An increase of 72% in bacterial sequences was obtained by targeting the mitochondrial and chloroplast sequences of L. scoparium in the same sample at two different steps of the library preparation (DNA and 1st step PCR). The number of OTUs (operational taxonomic units) retrieved from soil samples was consistent when using the different methods (Cas-16S-seq and 16S-seq) indicating that the Cas-16S-seq implemented for L. scoparium did not introduce bias to microbiota profiling. Our findings provide a valuable tool for future studies investigating the bacterial microbiota of L. scoparium in addition to evaluating an important tool in the plant microbiota research on other non-domesticated wild species.
Exercise testing in patients with tricuspid regurgitation undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention
Authors: Gerçek Muhammed , Ivannikova Maria , Goncharov Arseniy , Gerçek Mustafa , Mörsdorf Maximilian , Kirchner Johannes , Rudolph Felix , Rudolph Tanja K. , Rudolph Volker , Friedrichs Kai P. , Dumitrescu Daniel
Published: October 2024

Background

Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention (TTVI) has shown promising results with persistent reduction of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and improvements in functional class and quality of life (QOL).

Objectives

To analyze the impact of TTVI on maximal and submaximal exercise capacity (SEC).

Methods

Constant work-rate exercise-time (CWRET) testing reflects SEC, which is more likely to be relevant for daily life activities and provides more differentiated physiological insight into the nature of exercise intolerance. Thus, 30 patients undergoing TTVI (21 direct annuloplasty and 9 edge-to-edge repair) received cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and CWRET (at 75% of maximum work rate in the initial CPET) before and 3 months after TTVI.

Results

Patients’ age was 80.5 [74.8–82.3] years and 53.3% were female. TR reduction ≥ 2 grades was achieved in 93.3% (TR grade ≤ moderate in 83.3%). Echocardiography revealed improved right ventricular (RV) characteristics with decreased RV basal diameter (47.0 mm [43.0–54.3] vs. 41.5 mm [36.8–48.0]; p < 0.001) and decreased inferior caval vein diameter. CWRET testing showed a significantly improved SEC (246.5 s [153.8–416.8] vs. 338.5 s [238.8–611.8] p = 0.001). Maximum oxygen uptake showed a positive trend without statistically significant differences (9.9 ml/min/kg [8.6–12.4] vs. 11.7 ml/min/kg [9.7–13.3]; p = 0.31). In contrast to the six-minute-walking distance (6MWD), SEC correlated moderately with effective regurgitation orifice area reduction (r = 0.385; p = 0.036), increased cardiac output (r = 0.378; p = 0.039), and improved QOL (r = 387; p = 0.035).

Conclusion

Improvements in exercise capacity after TTVI mainly occur in the submaximal rather than in the maximal exercise range and correlate with hemodynamic effects and QOL. This may have a methodological impact on assessment of exercise capacity in these patients.

Graphical abstract

Improvements in exercise capacity mainly occur in the submaximal (Constant work-rate exercise-time, CWRET) rather than in the maximal exercise range (maximum oxygen consumption, peak VO2), and correlate with reduction in tricuspid regurgitation, hemodynamic effects and QOL
Macrophages enhance sodium channel expression in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Bogert N. V. , Therre M. , Din S. , Furkel J. , Zhou X. , El-Battrawy I. , Heineke J. , Schweizer P. A. , Akin I. , Katus H. A. , Frey N. , Leuschner F. , Konstandin M. H.
Published: October 2024

Cardiac macrophages facilitate electrical conduction through the atrioventricular-node (AV) in mice. A possible role for cardiomyocyte-macrophage coupling on the effect of antiarrhythmic therapy has not been investigated yet. Holter monitoring was conducted in LysMCrexCsf1rLsL−DTR mice (MMDTR) under baseline conditions and after an elctrophysiological stress test by flecainide. In vivo effects were recapitulated in vitro by patch-clamp experiments. The underlying mechanism was characterized by expression and localization analysis of connexin43 (Cx43) and voltage-gated-sodium-channel-5 (Nav1.5). ECG monitoring in MMDTR mice did not show any significant conduction abnormalities but a significantly attenuated flecainide-induced extension of RR- and PP-intervals. Patch-clamp analysis revealed that the application of flecainide to neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) changed their resting-membrane-potential (RMP) to more negative potentials and decreased action-potential-duration (APD50). Coupling of macrophages to CMs significantly enhances the effects of flecainide, with a further reduction of the RMP and APD50, mediated by an upregulation of Cx43 and Nav1.5 surface expression. Macrophage depletion in mice does not correlate with cardiac electric conduction delay. Cardiac macrophages amplify the effects of flecainide on electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, formation of macrophage-cardiomyocyte cell–cell-contacts via Cx43 facilitates the recruitment of Nav1.5 to the cell membrane increasing flecainide effects.
Comparison of the AO/OTA 1996/2007 and 2018 pelvic ring fracture classifications
Authors: Lindahl Jan , Gänsslen Axel , Madsen Jan Erik , Krappinger Dietmar
Published: October 2024

Pelvic ring fractures may present with relevant mechanical and haemodynamic instability. Classifications of the bony or ligamentous injuries of the pelvic ring are well established. The most common classifications used analyse the injury mechanisms and the resulting instability of the pelvic ring structure. Fracture classifications should be simple and easy to use, comprehensive, and radiographically and anatomically based, resulting in a hierarchical alphanumeric order of types and subtypes and thereby allow adequate treatment decisions based on a high degree of inter- and intraobserver reliability. In 2018 a new AO/OTA pelvic ring fracture and dislocation classification was published that combined the most commonly used “historical” classification schemes, e.g. the Tile/AO classification and the classification according to Young and Burgess. Compared with these older classifications, several relevant changes were integrated in the 2018 edition. The changes between the AO/OTA 1996/2007 and 2018 classifications were analysed in detail. Overall, several problems were identified regarding the type-B pelvic ring injury classification. These changes may result in difficulties in classifying pelvic ring injuries and thereby prevent relevant comparisons between former and future clinical studies on pelvic injuries.

Level of Evidence: V.
Some remarks on the history of Ricci’s absolute differential calculus
Authors: Cogliati Alberto
Published: October 2024

The article offers a general account of the genesis of the absolute differential calculus (ADC), paying special attention to its links with the history of differential geometry. In relatively recent times, several historians have described the development of the ADC as a direct outgrowth either of the theory of algebraic and differential invariants or as a product of analytical investigations, thus minimizing the role of Riemann’s geometry in the process leading to its discovery. Our principal aim consists in challenging this historiographical tenet and analyzing the intimate connection between the development of Riemannian geometry and the birth of tensor calculus.
Durability in recreational runners: effects of 90-min low-intensity exercise on the running speed at the lactate threshold
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Laatikainen-Raussi Vesa , Vohlakari Krista , Laatikainen-Raussi Iida , Ihalainen Johanna K.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Recent studies have suggested that the capability to resist deterioration of physiological characteristics could be an independent factor contributing to endurance performance. This study aimed at investigating whether prolonged low-intensity exercise induces shifts in the lactate threshold, and whether fatigue-induced changes differ between the sexes.

Methods

A total of 31 (15 females) recreational runners performed an incremental treadmill test and a 90-min low-intensity exercise (LIT90) on two separate occasions. The LIT90 was performed at 90% of the first lactate threshold speed (LT1v), derived from the incremental treadmill test. The LT1v was determined from a 5-stage (3 min) submaximal threshold test (SubmaxLT), performed before and after LIT90. The SubmaxLTs were followed by a 10/5 reactivity jump test. Respiratory gases, heart rate (HR), and HR-derived detrended fluctuation analysis alpha 1 (DFA-a1) were assessed every 15 min during the LIT90.

Results

A significant decrease (p < 0.01) was observed in the LT1v in females (− 5.8 ± 4.4%) and in males (− 5.3 ± 6.4%). The HR increased (p < 0.001) similarly in females (5.9 ± 3.1%) and in males (5.5 ± 3.6%) during the LIT90, while energy expenditure increased (3.1 ± 4.5%, p = 0.013) in females but remained unchanged in males (0.9 ± 3.1%). Change in DFA-a1 during the LIT90 was the only marker that correlated significantly with the relative change of LT1v (r = 0.463, p = 0.013).

Conclusion

LIT90 induced significant decreases in the LT1v, and the changes were comparable between sexes. DFA-a1 could be a potential intra-session marker of durability.
Host drivers of canine dirofilariosis in an arid environment of western Argentina
Authors: Cuervo Pablo Fernando , Di Cataldo Sophia , Fantozzi María Cecilia , Rodríguez María Belén , Pedrosa Analía , Mera y Sierra Roberto
Published: October 2024

Canine dirofilariosis is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease largely caused by Dirofilaria immitis. Mainly present in temperate, semitropical, and tropical areas, its worldwide emergence and spread are causing concern. In Argentina, most cases have been reported in humid regions of the center and northeast of the country. The occurrence of canine dirofilariosis in an arid environment of western Argentina was investigated by blood smears, microhematocrit tube test, and Knott’s technique. Association and odds ratio were determined in relation to dog characteristics. Thirty-three dogs (51.6%) had microfilariae, morphologically identified as D. immitis. Knott’s test was more sensitive in detecting the positive animals. The odds of harboring microfilariae were 12, 29, and 66 if the dog was male, adult (three to 6 years old), or older (> 7 years old), respectively. The prevalence of canine dirofilariosis herein reported outstands among the highest in Argentina and extends to the west its geographic distribution in the country. Far from being an exception, this epidemiological situation might reflect similar circumstances in several arid locations in the west and center of Argentina. Being this a disease of recent appearance in the region, both veterinarians and physicians should be aware of its potential to cause disease in animals and humans.
Lactic acid-fermented by-product of Shochu distillery reduces anxiety behavior in Neuropeptide Y knockout zebrafish by the regulation of isotoin neuron
Authors: Hibarino Momoka , Aoki Eri , Kubo Yurina , Nagata Haruri , Tateno Sayaka , Sakaguchi Kenzo , Kawaji Hirofumi , Shiozaki Kazuhiro
Published: October 2024

The development of techniques to reduce stress in the aquaculture industry is essential for the good growth, low mortality, and high flesh quality of farmed fish. Shochu is a traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage, and the disposal of large amounts of Shochu lees waste has been a problem. As Shochu lees contain low-molecular-weight compounds, which are thought to have health benefits, the lactic acid-fermented by-product of Shochu distillery (FBPSD) was tested to estimate its anti-stress effects in neuropeptide Y-knockout zebrafish (NPY-KO), which exhibit high anxiety and low sociability, as a farmed fish model.

In the Black-White preference test, NPY-KO preferred the black area over the white area due to fear, whereas NPY-KO fed the FBPSD showed a higher preference for the white area with more swimming distance than the control group. In the 3-chambers test, NPY-KO showed low sociability with the unfamiliar zebrafish group, whereas FBPSD-fed NPY-KO showed high sociability with the group. The mRNA level of isotocin, the homologue of human oxytocin, was significantly increased in the brains of FBPSD-fed zebrafish. The oxytocin receptor antagonists L-368,899 attenuated the effects of FBPSD in the 3-chambers test. These results suggest that FBPSD attenuates anxiety in NPY-KO zebrafish by activating isotocin neurons.
Pre-existing parasympathetic dominance seems to cause persistent heart rate slowing after 6 months of fingolimod treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hilz Max J. , Canavese Francesca , de Rojas-Leal Carmen , Lee De-Hyung , Linker Ralf A. , Wang Ruihao
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Vagomimetic fingolimod effects cause heart rate (HR) slowing upon treatment initiation but wear off with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor downregulation. Yet, prolonged HR slowing may persist after months of fingolimod treatment. We evaluated whether cardiovascular autonomic modulation differs before and 6 months after fingolimod initiation between patients with RRMS with and without initially prolonged HR slowing upon fingolimod initiation.

Methods

In 34 patients with RRMS, we monitored RR intervals (RRI) and blood pressure (BP), at rest and upon standing up before fingolimod initiation. Six hours and 6 months after fingolimod initiation, we repeated recordings at rest. At the three time points, we calculated autonomic parameters, including RRI standard deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-total-powers, RMSSD, RRI high-frequency [HF] powers, RRI and BP low-frequency (LF) powers, and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Between and among patients with and without prolonged HR slowing upon fingolimod initiation, we compared all parameters assessed at the three time points (analysis of variance [ANOVA] with post hoc testing; significance: p < 0.05).

Results

Six hours after fingolimod initiation, all patients had decreased HRs but increased RRIs, RRI-SDs, RMSSDs, RRI-HF-powers, RRI-total-powers, and BRS; 11 patients had prolonged HR slowing. Before fingolimod initiation, these 11 patients did not decrease parasympathetic RMSSDs and RRI-HF-powers upon standing up. After 6 months, all parameters had reapproached pretreatment values but the 11 patients with prolonged HR slowing had lower HRs while the other 23 patients had lower parasympathetic RMSSDs and RRI-HF-powers, and BRS than before fingolimod initiation.

Conclusion

Our patients with prolonged HR slowing upon fingolimod initiation could not downregulate cardiovagal modulation upon standing up even before fingolimod initiation, and 6 months after fingolimod initiation still had more parasympathetic effect on HR while cardiovagal modulation and BRS were attenuated in the other 23 patients. Pre-existing parasympathetic predominance may cause prolonged HR slowing upon fingolimod initiation.
S100A2 activation promotes interstitial fibrosis in kidneys by FoxO1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yang Xuejia , Zheng Fan , Yan Penghua , Liu Xueting , Chen Xuanwen , Du Xinyu , Zhang Yin , Wang Peilei , Chen Chaosheng , Lu Hong , Bai Yongheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common feature of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) being one of its important mechanisms. S100A2 is a protein associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, but its specific functions and molecular mechanisms in RIF remain to be determined.

Methods

S100A2 levels were evaluated in three mouse models, including unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), as well as in TGF-β1- treated HK-2 cells and in kidney tissue samples. Furthermore, the role of S100A2 and its interaction with FoxO1 was investigated using RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), transcriptome sequencing, and gain- or loss-of-function approaches in vitro.

Results

Elevated expression levels of S100A2 were observed in three mouse models and TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells, as well as in kidney tissue samples. Following siRNA silencing of S100A2, exposure to TGF-β1 in cultured HK-2 cells suppressed EMT process and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Conversely, Overexpression of S100A2 induced EMT and ECM deposition. Notably, we identified that S100A2-mediated EMT depends on FoxO1. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that S100A2 and FoxO1 colocalized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and their interaction was verified in Co-IP assay. S100A2 knockdown decreased TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of FoxO1 and increased its protein expression, whereas S100A2 overexpression hampered FoxO1 activation. Furthermore, pharmacological blockade of FoxO1 rescued the induction of TGF-β1 on EMT and ECM deposition in S100A2 siRNA-treated cells.

Conclusion

S100A2 activation exacerbates interstitial fibrosis in kidneys by facilitating FoxO1-mediated EMT.

Graphical abstract

A schematic diagram of the underlying mechanisms by which S100A2 regulates EMT and renal fibrosis. Following injury, the cytoplasmic expression of S100A2 in renal tubular epithelial cells is markedly elevated. This increase promotes the phosphorylation of FoxO1, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and enhances EMT and extracellular matrix ECM deposition, thereby exacerbating renal interstitial fibrosis.
VeLeSpa: An inflected verbal lexicon of Peninsular Spanish and a quantitative analysis of paradigmatic predictability
Authors: Herce Borja
Published: October 2024

This paper presents VeLeSpa, a verbal lexicon of Peninsular Spanish, which contains the full paradigms (all 63 cells) in phonological form of 6553 verbs, along with their corresponding frequencies. In this paper, the process and decisions involved in the building of the resource are presented. In addition, based on the most frequent 3000 + verbs, a quantitative analysis is conducted of morphological predictability in Spanish verbal inflection. The results and their drivers are discussed, as well as observed differences with other Romance languages and Latin.
Axisymmetric Indentation of Circular Rigid Plate on Layered Elastic Halfspace with Transverse Isotropy
Authors: Xiao Sha , Yue Zhongqi Quentin
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the contact problem of a layered elastic halfspace with transverse isotropy under the axisymmetric indentation of a circular rigid plate. Fourier integral transforms and a backward transfer matrix method are used to obtain the analytical solution of the contact problem. The interaction between the rigid plate and the layered halfspace can be expressed with the standard Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The induced elastic field in the layered halfspace can be expressed as the semi-infinite integrals of four known kernel functions. The convergence and singularity of the semi-infinite integrals near or at the surface of the layered halfspace are resolved using an isolating technique. The efficient numerical algorithms are used and developed for accurately calculating the Fredholm integral equations and the semi-infinite integrals. Numerical results show the correctness of the proposed method and the effect of layering non-homogeneity on the elastic fields in layered transversely isotropic halfspace induced by the axisymmetric indentation of a circular rigid plate.
Developmental regulation processes and age-related motivation of distance education students
Authors: Yaban E. Helin , Gaschler Robert
Published: October 2024

The rise of technological advancements and the pandemic have made distance education increasingly prevalent, demanding high levels of self-regulation. This research addresses the integration of three core developmental regulation models of lifespan development and the motivators proposed by self-determination theory. Although regulation models are widely used in organizational contexts, their application in education is limited. Action regulation strategies and motivation are essential for student success across the lifespan. Age diversity can also influence students’ responses to these demands. Thus, this study aimed to gain insights into regulatory processes (meta-regulation, goal engagement, and disengagement) and motivation (internal and external) in undergraduate distance-learning students of psychology. Three hundred thirty-eight students (74.9% females) from different developmental stages of emerging adulthood, early adulthood, and middle adulthood participated in an online survey (aged 18–58 years; M = 30.80, SD = 10.18). Results revealed that middle-aged students scored higher on internal motivation compared to those in emerging and early adulthood. Conversely, the emerging adult group reported higher external motivation. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) indicated higher levels of relentlessly pursuing goals in conjunction with meta-regulation might enhance the internal motivation of distance education students across various developmental stages. This study extends developmental regulation models to (distance) education, highlighting the significant relationship between internal and external motivation. It underscores the importance of developmental regulation and motivation for students from various backgrounds. Given the growing prevalence of distance education, the study discusses implications for supporting positive outcomes for distance learners.
Ten in One: The Case of Stanza 13 in Samantabhadra’s Sixth Century Āptamīmāṃsā
Authors: Soni Jayandra
Published: October 2024

The title refers to an unusual instance of ten occurrences of one stanza in a single philosophical work. The stanza in question highlighted here is the outcome of a previous study on the faults (doṣas) levelled against the non-one-sided position of the Jainas, the theory of manifoldness that aims at avoiding any absolutistic standpoint or perspective concerning an object of investigation (anekāntavāda). This article draws on a study published in 2007 on doṣas or faults levelled against the Jainas. One aspect of the debate on it is dealt with here in a bit more detail: the ten occurrences of the identical stanza in Samantabhadra’s 6th century Āptamīmāṃsā (ĀM). Vidyānandin’s tenth century Aṣṭasahasrī-commentary to Āptamīmāṃsā 71 and 72 mentions a list of seven faults (doṣas) which, he says, do not apply to the Jaina anekāntavāda, with ĀM 70 thematically belonging to these two stanzas.The unique feature of ĀM 70 (which thematically belongs to ĀM 71 and 72 dealt with in the 2007 paper) in the context of Vidyānandin’s commentary is specifically dealt with here, because ĀM 70 is identical with ĀM 13, which is repeated ten times in all in Samantabhadra’s seminal work divided into ten chapters or sections (paricchedas) in the form now published. The paper will deal with some aspects of the repetitions of ĀM 70, the first occurrence being ĀM 13.
Enhancing the Sr uptake on resorcinol–formaldehyde polycondensates by modifying the structure and shape
Authors: Chavan T. A. , Devi P. S. Remya , Swain K. K.
Published: October 2024

Resorcinol–formaldehyde polycondensates—the well-established Cs-selective agents, along with their crown ether (18-crown-6) composite discs, were synthesized, characterized (FT-IR, SEM–EDS, surface area, porosity) and applied for strontium uptake from aqueous solutions. Effects of crown ether amounts, Sr in feed, pH, equilibration time, temperature, competing ions, on the sorption, along with re-usability of synthesized sorbents, were evaluated. The fate of Sr was followed by EDXRF spectrometry on both solution and solid phases. Solution pH (3–12) and temperature (upto 100 °C) had negligible impact on the holding capacities. Sorption capacity was enhanced by ~ 33% upon modification, and followed pseudo-second order kinetics.
Change detection and adaptation in multi-target regression on data streams
Authors: Stevanoski Bozhidar , Kostovska Ana , Panov Panče , Džeroski Sašo
Published: October 2024

An essential characteristic of data streams is the possibility of occurrence of concept drift, i.e., change in the distribution of the data in the stream over time. The capability to detect and adapt to changes in data stream mining methods is thus a necessity. While methods for multi-target prediction on data streams have recently appeared, they have largely remained without such capability. In this paper, we propose novel methods for change detection and adaptation in the context of incremental online learning of decision trees for multi-target regression. One of the approaches we propose is ensemble based, while the other uses the Page–Hinckley test. We perform an extensive evaluation of the proposed methods on real-world and artificial data streams and show their effectiveness. We also demonstrate their utility on a case study from spacecraft operations, where cosmic events can cause change and demand an appropriate and timely positioning of the space craft.