bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASPECTOS ALIMENTARES E FISIOLÓGICOS DE DUAS ESPÉCIES DE PEIXES SILVESTRES SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE PISCICULTURAS EM TANQUES-REDE
Authors: Kliemann Bruna Caroline Kotz , Garves José Daniel Soler , Delariva Rosilene Luciana , Ribeiro Cristiéle Da Silva , Ramos Igor Paiva
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Diversos estudos demonstram as influências ambientais associadas a modelos de cultivos de peixe em tanques-rede dulcícolas, entretanto, os efeitos biológicos sobre a ictiofauna silvestre de reservatórios brasileiros. Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis influências de pisciculturas em tanques-rede sobre os aspectos alimentares e fisiológicos de duas espécies silvestres. Materiais e métodos: O conteúdo estomacal foi quantificado, por meio do método volumétrico e determinado a concentração de proteínas e lipídeos dos tecidos hepático e gonadal. Foram realizadas duas coletas em 2019 em duas áreas controle (CT) e três pisciculturas (TR). Resultados: A dieta das duas espécies diferiu entre as áreas (p<0,05). Geophagus sveni (onívora) consumiu principalmente Gastropoda (CT1; TR1), Diptera larva (CT2), detrito (CT1,2; TR2,3), ração (TR1,2) e vegetal aquático (TR3). Já Plagioscion squamosissimus (carnívora) consumiu principalmente peixe e Decapoda em todas as áreas. A mediana da amplitude de nicho trófico diferiu significativamente (p=0,001). Para G. sveni observou-se maior amplitude em TR (1,2,3) e para P. squamosissimus em CT2 e TR3. Com relação aos aspectos fisiológicos, observou-se diferença entre as áreas de amostragem apenas para proteína gonadal de G. sveni (p=0,004), com concentração mais alta em CT2 (p<0,05). Conclusão: Observa-se influência da piscicultura nos aspectos alimentares e fisiológicos principalmente da espécie onívora, que foi favorecida devido ao amplo espectro alimentar e o oportunismo trófico comumente observados em peixes onívoros. A influência sob os aspectos fisiológicos pode ser observada nas diferentes concentrações de proteínas gonadais entre as áreas. As altas concentrações em CT estão relacionadas ao período reprodutivo da espécie, o que seria esperado para TR, no entanto observou-se baixas concentrações nessa área. Infere-se que essas baixas concentrações então associadas as alterações histopatológicas devido ao alto teor proteico e lipídico da ração, que podem afetar a vitelogênese, e em última instância afetar a reprodução. Diante do exposto, as influências aqui relatadas enfatizam a importância dos estudos sobre a ictiofauna silvestre sob a influência da piscicultura em tanques-rede, levantando questionamentos acerca das mudanças ambientais que este modelo de criação promove no meio aquático e destacando a importância de programas de manejo sustentável.
LEVANTAMENTO DE MOLUSCOS NÃO NATIVOS INVASORES EM UM TRECHO DA BACIA DO BAIXO RIO GRANDE
Authors: Camargo Paulo Ricardo Da Silva , Barbosa Newton Pimentel Ulhôa , Cardoso Antônio Valadão , Assis Paulo Santos , Pelli Afonso
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Espécies não nativas invasoras são aquelas que ocorrem fora de sua área de distribuição natural, e apresenta uma expressiva capacidade de distribuição na nova região ocupada e apresentam vantagens ecológicas (Interações bióticas e abióticas) em relação às espécies nativas. Nesse sentido, as espécies exóticas invasoras causam impacto ambiental e econômico. Objetivo: O presente trabalho objetivou levantar a malacofauna invasora no rio Grande. Materiais e Métodos: Foram realizadas coletas de 09 a 17 de dezembro de 2020, divididas em quatro campanhas. Foram amostrados sete pontos ao longo do rio Grande e o tributário Córrego Gameleira. Os pontos estão distribuídos nos municípios de Uberaba-MG (ponto 1); Água comprida-MG (pontos 2 e 6); Igarapava-SP (ponto 3), Delta-MG (pontos 4 e 5), Miguelópolis-SP (ponto 7). Para a amostragem biótica, foram realizadas cinco amostras aleatórias de sedimentos em cada ponto. Para isso foi utilizado um amostrador de mão (método dipping). Os materiais capturados foram acondicionados em sacos plásticos com 500 ml de formol. Em laboratório, os sedimentos foram lavados e triados em tamises de 2, 1 e 0,5 mm. Os organismos foram identificados com auxílio de livro de identificação específico. Nessa etapa também foi utilizado o estereomicroscópio. Resultados: Foram amostrados 342 indivíduos distribuído entre as duas classes: gastrópode e bivalve. A espécie mais abundante foi o Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) com 307 (89,7%) indivíduos. Melanóides Turberculata (Müller, 1774) apresenta a segunda maior abundância com 53 exemplares (15,4%). O menos abundante foi Corbicula Fluminea (Müller, 1774) com 39 representantes (11,4%). Conclusão: O ponto 2 foi o local que apresentou a maior riqueza de espécie dentre todos os pontos amostrados. Esse ponto é o único que apresenta mata ciliares densas em ambos lados das margens. Pode-se inferir que a riqueza de espécie é dependente das características ambientais.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ALIENAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: RUMO À SEXTA EXTINÇÃO EM MASSA
Authors: Carvalho Diogo Augusto Frota de
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O Desenvolvimento Sustentável, conceito surgido nos anos 1980, é uma estratégia neoliberal que pretende funcionar como uma panaceia para todos os males advindos da degradação do meio ambiente. Essa degradação é causada pela subespécie Homo sapiens sapiens, talvez a única cuja evolução biológica selecionou como um parasita extremo dos recursos naturais, principalmente pós-capitalismo industrial. Objetivos: Demonstrar que os impactos ambientais provocados pelo agente antrópico, numa escala muito maior que o planeta pode reciclar termodinamicamente, é fracamente combatido pelo Desenvolvimento Sustentável por meio de tratados, conferências, metas e legislações ineficientes e utópicas, desvinculadas da realidade política, social e econômica da maioria dos países, sendo no fundo um instrumento de alienação ambiental. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica do tipo integrativa, mediante a análise de relatórios do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC) e outras fontes científicas relacionadas à questão ambiental, como os dezessete objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030), comparando-se as metas estabelecidas com os resultados observados na realidade. Resultados: A análise dos relatórios do IPCC e das dezessete metas da Agenda 2030 demonstram que existe um ofuscamento da necessidade premente de uma verdadeira mudança copernicana global no que concerne ao equilíbrio humanidade e meio ambiente, em que a polissemia semântica é apresentada de modo resolutivo, porém contrastando com o aumento da temperatura global e intensificação do desmatamento, queimadas, extinções das espécies e poluições. Deste modo, as premissas do Desenvolvimento Sustentável suprimem a sua própria condição de aplicabilidade. Conclusão: Caso essa estratégia neoliberal, falha no seu cerne, seja adotada como a única solução para o caos ambiental atual e vindouro, as atuais e futuras gerações serão moldadas numa alienação das reais causas da fragmentação dos ecossistemas e poluição do meio ambiente. Isso inevitavelmente acelerará a sexta extinção em massa, provocando o desaparecimento, em larga escala e em curto espaço de tempo, de uma parcela significativa da biodiversidade atual, incluindo a humana.
ATIVIDADE ANTIFÚNGICA IN VITRO DO SOBRENADANTE DA BACTÉRIA BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS SOBRE O FUNGO ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS
Authors: Abreu Luciana De Paiva Santos , Teodoro Carlos Eduardo De Souza , Martinazzo Ana Paula
Published: June 2021

Introdução: O Aspergillus flavus é um fungo endêmico do solo, foi identificado como grande produtor de aflatoxina, a contaminação ocorre tanto durante o armazenamento, quanto ainda na fase de plantio. O milho é uma das culturas mais afetadas pela espécie, levando à sua contaminação por aflatoxina, e posteriormente esta é repassada aos animais que o consomem. O uso de fungicidas químicos é amplamente aplicado, no entanto esta prática pode levar à contaminação do grão. O biocontrole vêm como uma alternativa sustentável para substituir os defensivos agrícolas químicos. Objetivos: Na bactéria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens–VR002 (BA) foram identificadas características relacionadas ao seu papel como antagonista de microrganismos patogênicos. Analisou-se a atuação do sobrenadante da bactéria BA-VR002 no crescimento micelial do fungo Aspergillus flavus. Material e métodos: Os experimentos ocorreram no Laboratório de Biotecnologia/UFF-VR. A bactéria foi crescida utilizando 150mL do meio Luria Bertani esterilizado e inoculado com a cultura de BA-VR002 deixando-a crescer por 48h em estufa à 37ºC e 170rpm. Após o tempo de fermentação, o caldo foi centrifugado à 3500rpm, à 4ºC por 30min, filtrado em filtro de 22μm para um erlenmeyer estéril. Este filtrado foi então misturado ao meio ágar LB à 50±10ºC nas proporções de: 0%(v/v); 10%(v/v); 20%(v/v) e 30%(v/v). Este foi vertido em placas de Petri estéreis, após o endurecimento do ágar foram dispostos discos de micélio contendo o fungo A. flavus no centro das placas incubando-as em estufa à 30ºC por 5 dias. Os testes foram feitos em sextuplicata, e a área de crescimento foi calculada por meio do programa ImageJ. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que o percentual de inibição fúngico máximo ocorreu na concentração de 30% de sobrenadante, atingindo 96,4% de inibição do crescimento micelial quando comparado ao controle. Na concentração de 10% a inibição foi de 14,8%, na de 20% foi de 84,6%, confirmando a presença das substancias antifúngicas produzidas pela BA-VR002. Conclusão: O sobrenadante da bactéria B. amyloliquefaciens-VR002 contém substâncias antifúngicas, sendo a concentração de 30% a mais eficaz, mostrando-se como um potencial agente de controle do fungo A. flavus.
NANOMATERIAIS COM APLICAÇÕES BIOLÓGICAS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Jailson de Araújo
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Os nanomateriais estão na vanguarda do campo de rápido desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia. Suas propriedades únicas, que dependem do tamanho das partículas sintetizadas, tornam esses materiais superiores e indispensáveis em muitas áreas da atividade humana, incluindo as ciências biológicas. Objetivo: Dessa forma, o presente estudo busca apresentar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os mais recentes desenvolvimentos no campo dos nanomateriais aplicados a biologia. Material e métodos: A revisão de literatura consistiu na busca por artigos científicos e livros publicados nas bases de dados Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science. Na busca dos artigos e livros foram utilizados os descritores: “nanomateriais”, “biologia”, “biopolímeros” e “biomateriais” os quais foram utilizados isolados e/ou em combinações. Foram encontrados diversos artigos e livros relacionados ao tema e os mesmos foram analisados quanto a relevância do tema voltado para aplicação na área de ciências biológicas. Resultados: Os resultados apontaram muitos exemplos do uso de biomateriais nanométricos em diversas áreas da biologia. Observou-se que na genética, diversos nanomateriais são utilizados com os mais variados propósitos. Como por exemplo, a utilização de nanomateriais na terapia gênica para a entrega de genes e drogas em células específicas. Além desse, observou-se o uso da nanotecnologia para a sondagem da estrutura do DNA e o uso como marcadores biológicos fluorescentes. Além disso, observou-se aplicações de nanomateriais no campo da biologia celular, tais como na separação e purificação de moléculas e células biológicas, biossensores celulares, e utilização em microssistemas enzimáticos. Na área da microbiologia, verificou-se a utilização de biomateriais com atividade antibacteriana, antifúngica e na detecção biológica de patógenos. Conclusão: Portanto, a partir dos resultados apresentados nesse estudo, verifica-se que o uso de nanomateriais nas diferentes áreas da biologia vem crescendo cada vez mais e se torna de extrema importância para o cenário da pesquisa atual tendo em vista que essa tecnologia permite diferentes aplicações com excelentes resultados.
A Survey: Slot Antenna and Antenna Array.
Authors:   BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka., Bhat Sudarshan , K Desai Priyadarshini ,   BNM Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka.
Published: June 2021

Slots are generally introduced in the antenna or antenna to improve the impedance matching, improve the bandwidth, and gain. Sometimes slots are introduced in the ground planes, or between antenna elements to reduce the mutual coupling between elements. The antenna being an important element in wireless communication technology, the design of the same with different requirements is important. This paper gives the survey of the slot antenna and antenna array constructed through waveguide and microstrip lines, to meet different antenna parameters as required in various wireless communication technology.
An Optimal Policy for Items with Linear Demand Rate, Variable Deterioration Rate Under Shortage and Lead-Time
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India., Gupta Bhawna , Gupta Sangeeta ,   Department of Mathematics, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India., Srivastav Sweta ,   Department of Mathematics, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.
Published: June 2021

In this research, we have developed a deterministic inventory model for an item having linear demand in variable deterioration rate. The shortage is allowed and fully backlogged. In developing the model, we have assumed that lead time is not equal to zero. Here we developed an optimal policy that minimizes that the total average cost. The model is illustrated by a suitable numerical example and sensitivity analysis has been carry- out.
Enhancing youth participation in local governance: an assessment of urban and rural junior councils in Zimbabwe
Authors: Paradzai Munyede  , Delis Mazambani  , Jakarasi Maja
Published: June 2021

Over the years, youth participation in local decision-making across Africa has been minimal, despite the existence of enabling human rights frameworks on youth participation as well as institutions such as junior councils. This research aimed to compare the efficacy of Zimbabwe’s urban and rural junior councils in enhancing youth participation in local governance, which in turn would promote reform of the current participation frameworks, the realisation of children’s rights and ultimately productive community development. This paper is a product of qualitative research, combining desk research and key informant interviews with 22 council and ministry officials as well as eight focus group discussions with sitting and former junior councillors in Harare, Bulawayo, Bindura, Mutare, Masvingo, Rushinga, Makonde and Mbire. It was found that junior councils lacked adequate funding and technical support, resulting in tokenistic participation in local governance. Their legal status is unclear as both government ministries and local governments claim ownership. The research findings suggest that junior councils could be strengthened through the enactment of a specific legal framework to regulate their activities.
Indigenous peoples’ human rights, self-determination and local governance – Part 1
Authors: Ed Wensing
Published: June 2021

This is the first of two articles exploring the international human rights framework as it relates to Indigenous peoples’ land rights and interests, with a focus on Australia. Over the past 30 years, the international community has increasingly recognised that special attention needs to be paid to the individual and collective rights of Indigenous peoples, as they are among the world’s most marginalised peoples. For a long time, the Indigenous peoples of the world have used the international human rights system to tackle discrimination and abuses of their rights, and the United Nations has increasingly become a place for them to voice their concerns.

In Australia, there has been a long-running debate about the lack of recognition of the First Peoples in Australia’s Constitution. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are increasingly demanding that the full suite of international human rights norms and standards are applicable to their affairs and to dealings with them, including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

This first article discusses the international human rights framework as it relates to the Indigenous peoples of Australia. The second article will take a closer look at how the land rights and interests of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are being recognised at the national and state jurisdictional levels within Australia, with reference to recent comparable actions in Canada and New Zealand.
Prevention of Shaken Baby Syndrome Among High-Risk Neonates: Program Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Tortolano Rebecca , Neuman Michelle , Simonovich Shannon , Ramaiah Veena
Published: June 2021

Background: Studies suggest that the implementation of high-quality education and support services for caregivers may reduce the incidence of unplanned harm to infants and young children under high-stress circumstances.

Purpose: This pilot study evaluates the usefulness of the Period of PURPLE Crying program in a high-acuity NICU at The University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital based on six measurable objectives.

Methods: The pilot study utilized a Likert-style pretest-posttest survey design to evaluate how NICU nurses perceived the Period of PURPLE Crying program. Nurses were educated on the program content during an in-service to teach participants how to utilize the Period of PURPLE Crying program materials to support and educate families about Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS).

Results: The intervention effectively increased nursing confidence in delivering the SBS and Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) education and increased accessibility to available resources pertaining to SBS and AHT. Questions pertaining specifically to the Period of PURPLE Crying presented exclusively on the post-test were met with an overwhelmingly positive response, with the majority (n=33, 97%) of respondents agreeing that the intervention was useful in standardizing SBS education, providing meaningful, effective information on this topic area, and delivering SBS and AHT information promptly.
Evaluation of the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with microfertilizer solutions on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of seedlings of spring barley varieties
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: June 2021

The object of research is spring barley of brewing purpose of Vladimir, Laurika and Kalkul varieties. The purpose of the study: to assess the effect of microfertilizers on the sowing qualities of seeds and morphophysiological parameters of spring barley seedlings of various varieties, to justify the feasibility of pre-sowing spraying with microfertilizer solutions. The research was conducted in 2021 in the laboratory of the Kostroma State Agricultural Academy of the Kostroma region of the Kostroma region. As a result, it was found that the use of Agromix increases the germination energy and contributes to a significant increase in the laboratory germination of barley seeds for all varieties, increases the growth and development of barley seedlings. Keywords: SPRING BARLEY, SEED TREATMENT, SEED SOWING QUALITIES
ÖĞRENCİLERİN YAZILI ANLATIMLARINDAKİ AKTİF KELİME HAZİNESİNİN ÇEŞİTLİ DEĞİŞKENLER AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SEVİM Oğuzhan , AYDIN Nurullah
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarındaki aktif kelime hazinesinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmada, nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Erzurum ili Yakutiye ilçesindeki devlet okullarının farklı tür ve kademelerinde (ilkokul, ortaokul, lise, üniversite) 2020-2021 öğretim yılında öğrenim hayatına aktif olarak devam eden 30 öğrenci ile Atatürk Üniversitesi Kâzım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Türkçe Eğitimi Bölümünde öğrenim gören 10 son sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verilerin elde edilmesinde doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde kelimeler tek tek çözümlenerek öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarındaki aktif kelime hazinesi tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarında kullanılan farklı kelime sayısının ilk ve ortaokul kademeleri arasında %80, ortaokul ve lise kademeleri arasında %32,06 oranında arttığı; lise ve üniversite kademeleri arasında ise %3,02 azaldığı; ortaokul düzeyindeki öğrenciler tarafından yazılı anlatımlarda kullanılan toplam kelime sayısının %55,04’ünün imam hatip ortaokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilere, %44,96’sının ise diğer ortaokullarda öğrenim gören öğrencilere ait olduğu; öğrencilerin mektup ve serbest yazı türüne göre anı türünde daha fazla ve farklı kelime kullandıkları anlaşılmıştır.
Stability Analysis of Lotka-Volterra Model in The Case of Interaction of Local Religion and Official Religion
Authors: Hidayati Tri , Kurniawan Wiwit
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research is to examine the interaction of local religions and official religions using the Lotka Volterra equation model. This study uses a literature study, which means that all the material in this study is taken, collected and compiled from various existing book sources. The steps in this study are to find the equilibrium point of each equation, then examine the behavior of each equilibrium point obtained. In this study, an analytical study of the prey population  model has three equilibrium points, namely and . The stability of the interaction between local religions and official religions is achieved at an equilibrium . From this it shows that the interaction of official religion and local religion does not necessarily lead to the extinction of a religion. The interaction of local religious and official religion there is a point of equilibrium, where the social reality they can work in harmony.
The Impact of Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Factors on Financial Structure: Evidence from United States
Authors: TOADER Diana Alexandra , VINTILĂ Georgeta , GHERGHINA Ștefan Cristian
Published: June 2021

This paper explores the microeconomic and macroeconomic drivers of financial structure, through a sample of 30 technology companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange, over the period 2005-2018. The financial structure was assessed via long-term debt rate, short-term debt rate and total debt rate, whereas the size of the company, tangibility of assets, growth opportunity, effective tax rate and financial return were selected as microeconomic factors, alongside macroeconomic indicators concerning interest rate, inflation rate and gross domestic product per capita.
A novel e-Government Framework using Blockchain
Authors: ASSIRI Haitham , NANDA Priyadarsi , MOHANTY Manoranjan
Published: June 2021

The e-Government system leverages Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to transform the relationship between government bodies and citizens, businesses and other government ministries, departments, and agencies. The primary aim is to make government services more seamless, efficient and timely for every citizen and organisation. However, e-Government systems are now faced with security threats and cyber attacks, and these challenges have raised concerns about users’ privacy as well as the confidentiality and integrity of user data.
ORGANIZATION OF PREPARATORY WORKS BEFORE THE ELECTION OF VOWELS TO THE VERNENSKY CITY DUMA IN 1877
Authors:   PhD doctoral student of the II rd course, 6D020300-Science of the History of the Institute of History and lawer, at Abai KazNPU, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Turgumbayeva A.S.
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the process of organization of the work of the «Commission established to draw up lists of voters» in the introduction of the Town Regulations of 16 June 1870. The basis of the article was formed by unique materials and documents preserved in the Central Archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan, thanks to which the history of the work was restored and the work of the Commission was evaluated for the first time, which conducted an important preliminary works for the organization of the first election of vowels to the Vernensky City Duma in 1877. Events that were important in collecting and refining voter lists, as well as procedures for preparing the electorate-citizens for the upcoming elections have been restored. As a result of the historical study, unique data were obtained, which was the first experience and supporting material to organizing pre-election work of all subsequent polling companies to the Vernensky City Duma.
THE POLITICAL, ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS ORIGINS OF THE CRISIS IN THE BALKANS IN THE LAST DECADE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors:   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, candidate of pedagogical sciences,acting assistant professo, Rustambekova M. E. , Ospanova А.A. ,   Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, PhD Doctor, аcting Associate Professor
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the prerequisites for the collapse of the former Yugoslavia, which was the "center" of conflicts at the global level, in particular, the onset of religious, ethnic, political conflicts in the Balkans in the last decade of the twentieth century, chronological and geographical conflicts. Specific characteristics are differentiated. The article also examines the situation in which the socialist states of Eastern Europe gained independence from the collapse of the Soviet government in 1991-1992, in particular, in the economic sphere. The epochal systemic changes that followed the collapse of the USSR and Yugoslavia predetermined a radical change in political, social and spiritual orientations and expectations in society. At the same time, the historical consciousness of peoples (like no other sphere of public, including ethnic self-identification) was involved in general transformational processes, reflecting in its development the well-known inconsistency and inconsistency of the socio-political evolution of the former republics in recent decades.
STRATEGY AND TACTICS OF FIGURES OF THE TURKESTAN ADMINISTRATION – K.P. KAUFMAN, G.A. KOLPAKOVSKY AND THE ASIAN DEPARTMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY IN RELATION TO THE «ILI CRISIS» IN RUSSIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor, Department of World History, Kazakh National Pedagogical University Abay, Suteeva H.A. , Ermukanov E.N. ,   candidate of historical sciences, associate professor of the Department of World History ,Kazakh National Pedagogical University Abay
Published: June 2021

In this article, on the basis of Russian archival documents taken from the archives of the Foreign Policy of Russia(AVPR), the Central State Archives(TSGA) of Kazakhstan and, first introduced in the scientific revolution, discusses the causes of "the ili crisis" in Russian-Chinese relations in the second half of XIX, the strategy and tactics followed by the figures of the Turkestan administration and the Asian Department of the MFA of Russia in relation to this event.
MAIN FEATURES OF FRENCH COLONIAL POLICY IN ALGER
Authors:   PhD., al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of World History,Historiography and Source Studies, Nuskabai P.N.
Published: June 2021

In this article, we investigated the history of Algeria in the period of colonial expansion of France. Explored the main aspects of this problem, characterized by various stages of social, economic and cultural development of colonial Algeria. The coexistence of the indigenous Algerian people and the European population in the years of French colonial rule is one of the most important factors that determined the whole course of modern history of Algeria. In this research work investigated the main features of the colonial policy of France in the nineteenth century, the impact of colonization on Algerian society, economic, social and political structure of Algeria during the French and European domination, and the liberation war in Algeria, the collapse of colonial rule and independence.
ONE BELT-ONE WAY PROJECT AND FREE ECONOMIC ZONES AS TOOLS TO REALIZE THE "CHINESE DREAM"
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Kazakhstan, Arzykulov А.А. , Sharypkazy N. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Kazakhstan, Orazbekova A. R. ,   Turan University
Published: June 2021

In the article, the authors salute the promotion of the project "One Belt-One Way" and the creation of free economic zones along it as one of the opportunities to implement the policy "Chinese Dream" promoted by the PRC. The huge expanses and potentials covered by the One Belt-One Way strategy can be just right for this purpose. Free economic zones created along the new route will be very beneficial to the Chinese economy, will also serve to promote Chinese "soft power." The authors also analyze the effects and risks of this event on neighboring regions, especially on the Republic of Kazakhstan.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE ROLE OF MEDIATION IN SOCIETY
Authors:   doctor of Political Science, professor of the Department of political science and political technologies, Zayniyeva L.Yu. , Kassymbekova А.А. ,   al-Farabi Kazakh National university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article discusses some aspects of the significance of mediation in society. It examines the emergence and development of mediation in the world, foreign and domestic experience in its implementation, and the characteristics of the development of this important phenomenon in several countries. The role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan in the development of mediation is highlighted in highlighting the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan. An attempt has been made to find points of contact between her activities and the work of volunteers, and to involve young people in mediation.
НОВЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ЭТНИЧЕСКОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ДЕТЕЙ ИЗ МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКИХ БРАКОВ В ВОСТОЧНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Authors:   Candidate of Historical Sciences Associate professorof the D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan State Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, Ualiyeva S.K.
Published: June 2021

In Kazakhstan today, the ethnic identity of children from mixed marriages is of particular interest, as changes in social and political life have brought new changes in the minds of young people over the years. This article addresses some of the issues of ethnic identification and self-identification of children from inter-ethnic marriages. New features in the formation of ethnic identity have been identified. If a decade earlier, young people from inter-ethnic marriages - by self-determination - were Russian-speaking and closer to the Russian-speaking environment, regardless of the entry in the documents of the Kazakhs. Nowadays - modern young people of mixed origin define themselves as Kazakhs, regardless of what is written on documents by Russians and Germans. The reasons for such interesting changes are in the gradually changing of socio-political and cultural situation of our society. Greater emphasis on the Kazakh language of education for mestizos, parents linked to the awareness of the future of children and their success in society.
KAZAKHSTANIS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: THE FEAT OF KABASH KOZYBAYEV
Authors:   Doctor of history, professor of Kazakhstan and philosophy JSC«Astana Medical University», Mazhitova Zh.S. , Ischanova N. ,   2-year student of the direction «Philology»Kazakhstan branch of Moscow state University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: June 2021

The article highlights the main pages of the biography and heroic labor feat during the great Patriotic war of Kabash Kozybayev (1898--1973). More than seventy-five years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic war. There is not a single family in the former Soviet Union that was not affected by this tragic event of the twentieth century. The authors note that Kazakhstanis fought at the front, worked in the rear, and participated in the partisan movement. Undoubtedly, the life of every Soviet person is unique and unrepeatable, but all wartime people are United by a great feat that should never be forgotten. To achieve victory, the patriots used a variety of forms and methods of assistance to their struggling homeland as is known from history, and suggested to the new conditions. One of these forms was the collection of funds for the construction of military equipment and weapons. One of the bright heroes who supported this initiative was K. Kozybayev, who was the initiator of the purchase of Yak-6 bombers. The authors try to analyze K.'s labor feat. Kozybaev and determine the reasons for the different information on this issue.
GENDER POLITICS AND PROBLEMS OF VIOLENCE ABOVE WOMEN IN A MODERN PERIOD
Authors:   S.Seifullin Kazakh AgrotechnicalUniversity, c.h.s.,Nur-Sultan s., Kazakhstan, Abisheva Zh.R.
Published: June 2021

One of pressing questions today is gender politics. Gender politics is the government and public activity sent to the achievement of equality of rights of men and women in all spheres of public life. In the first years of soviet power a question about "equality of women" walked up a state level, but now he continues to remain in large political science about "gender equality", and within the framework of gender equality the row of measures was accepted. In the article basic directions of gender politics are examined in a country is an achievement of equal in rights participation of men and women in a management by the state, equal economic independence, career advancement and development of business, equality of rights in family. An author tries to analyse motion of complex public policy on equality of women and men and violence in regard to women in family by means of statistical data.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND ITS STRATEGIC PURPOSE - FORMATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE PERSONALITY
Authors:   Aktobe State Regional University named after K.Zhubanov,teacherAktobe,Kazakhstan, Amaniyazova B.A
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the new philosophical and ideological foundations of the philosophy of education. Education reform in Kazakhstan today is characterized by many innovations, some of which are focused on Western educational systems and projects, the introduction of innovative technologies in the learning process, etc. As for the formation of worldview, this issue has not yet been fully discussed, it is only in the early stages of discussion. Education reform programs and practices still address civic responsibility and flexibility in developing knowledge, developing professional skills, and adapting quickly to transition. Of course, such tasks are proven, but modern education lacks a worldview, including the Kazakh education system. Any education reform is, first of all, a reform of the content of education. In today's globalized world, the Republic of Kazakhstan demands that young people strive for knowledge and skills, work hard and grow. In this regard, it is worth noting the words of the President: “If you are the son of your country, if you are passionate about your country, if you have civic honor, work hard to strengthen and prosper the Kazakh state. Remember that you are the owner of the land and the country. " The main purpose of spiritual and moral education is to bring up a generation that has awakened a sense of national consciousness, high spirit, deep culture, wisdom, conscience and other good qualities.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE NATIONAL INTELLIGENTSIA TO THE INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY IN THE EARLY ХХ CENTURY
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 3-year PhD student of the Faculty of History, Archeology and Ethnology71 Al-Farabi Avenue,Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan, bakirovna@bk.ru, Duisembayeva N.
Published: June 2021

This article examines the educational work and activities of the national intelligentsia of the early XX century. In Kazakhstan, public education developed in two directions: religious and secular. The Russian Empire considered school education as one of the most effective means of Russification in the Kazakh land. In the fight against this policy of Russification, Alash representatives contributed enormously. The article substantiates that the activities of the Kazakh intelligentsia in the field of education resonate just as strongly today as when they appeared in the early XX century. In addition, the paper also demonstrates the importance of the Latin alphabet, founded by the Kazakh intellectual AkhmetBaitursynov.
Investigation and amelioration of long-term instrumental drifts in water vapor and nitrous oxide measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and their implications for studies of variability and trends
Authors: Livesey Nathaniel J. , Read William G. , Froidevaux Lucien , Lambert Alyn , Santee Michelle L. , Schwartz Michael J. , Millán Luis F. , Jarnot Robert F. , Wagner Paul A. , Hurst Dale F. , Walker Kaley A. , Sheese Patrick E. , Nedoluha Gerald E.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), launched on NASA's Aura spacecraft in 2004, measures vertical profiles of the abundances of key atmospheric species from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere with daily near-global coverage. We review the first 15 years of the record of H2O and N2O measurements from the MLS 190-GHz subsystem (along with other 190-GHz information), with a focus on their long-term stability, largely based on comparisons with measurements from other sensors. These comparisons generally show signs of an increasing drift in the MLS version 4 (v4) H2O record starting around 2010. Specifically, comparisons with v4.1 measurements from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) indicate a ~2–3 %/decade drift over much of the stratosphere, increasing to as much as ~7 %/decade around 46 hPa. Larger drifts, of around 7–11 %/decade, are seen in comparisons to balloon-borne frost point hygrometer measurements in the lower stratosphere. In contrast, the MLS v4 N2O product is shown to be generally decreasing over the same period (when an increase in stratospheric N2O is expected, reflecting a secular growth in emissions), with a more pronounced drift in the lower stratosphere than that found for H2O. Detailed investigations of the behavior of the MLS 190-GHz subsystem reveal a drift in its sideband fraction (the relative sensitivity of the 190-GHz receiver to the two different parts of the microwave spectrum it observes). Our studies indicate that sideband fraction drift accounts for much of the observed changes in the MLS H2O product and some portion of the changes seen in N2O. The 190-GHz sideband fraction drift has been corrected in the new version 5 MLS algorithms, which have now been used to reprocess the entire MLS record. As a result of this correction, the MLS v5 H2O record shows no statistically significant drifts compared to ACE-FTS. However, statistically significant drifts remain between MLS v5 and frost point measurements, though they are reduced. Drifts in v5 N2O are about half the size of those in v4 but remain statistically significant. Scientists are advised to use MLS v5 data in all future studies. Quantification of inter-regional and seasonal-to-annual changes in MLS H2O and N2O will not be affected by the drift. However, caution is advised in studies using the MLS record to examine long-term (multi-year) variability and trends in either of these species, especially N2O; such studies should only be undertaken in consultation with the MLS team. Importantly, this drift does not affect any of the MLS observations made in other spectral regions such as O3, HCl, CO, ClO, or temperature.
Investigations on the anthropogenic reversal of the natural ozone gradient between northern and southern midlatitudes
Authors: Parrish David D. , Derwent Richard G. , Turnock Steven T. , O'Connor Fiona M. , Staehelin Johannes , Bauer Susanne E. , Deushi Makoto , Oshima Naga , Tsigaridis Kostas , Wu Tongwen , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Our quantitative understanding of natural tropospheric
ozone concentrations is limited by the paucity of reliable measurements
before the 1980s. We utilize the existing measurements to compare the
long-term ozone changes that occurred within the marine boundary layer at
northern and southern midlatitudes. Since 1950 ozone concentrations have
increased by a factor of 2.1 ± 0.2 in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and
are presently larger than in the Southern Hemisphere (SH), where only a much
smaller increase has occurred. These changes are attributed to increased
ozone production driven by anthropogenic emissions of photochemical ozone
precursors that increased with industrial development. The greater ozone
concentrations and increases in the NH are consistent with the predominant
location of anthropogenic emission sources in that hemisphere. The available
measurements indicate that this interhemispheric gradient was much smaller
and was likely reversed in the pre-industrial troposphere with higher
concentrations in the SH. Six Earth system model (ESM) simulations indicate
similar total NH increases (1.9 with a standard deviation of 0.3), but they
occurred more slowly over a longer time period, and the ESMs do not find
higher pre-industrial ozone in the SH. Several uncertainties in the ESMs may
cause these model–measurement disagreements: the assumed natural nitrogen
oxide emissions may be too large, the relatively greater fraction of ozone
injected by stratosphere–troposphere exchange to the NH may be
overestimated, ozone surface deposition to ocean and land surfaces may not
be accurately simulated, and model treatment of emissions of biogenic
hydrocarbons and their photochemistry may not be adequate.
Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process
Authors: Sotiropoulou Georgia , Ickes Luisa , Nenes Athanasios , Ekman Annica M. L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric models often fail to correctly reproduce the
microphysical structure of Arctic mixed-phase clouds and underpredict ice
water content even when the simulations are constrained by observed levels
of ice nucleating particles. In this study we investigate whether ice
multiplication from breakup upon ice–ice collisions, a process missing in
most models, can account for the observed cloud ice in a stratocumulus cloud
observed during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) campaign. Our results indicate
that the efficiency of this process in these conditions is weak; increases
in fragment generation are compensated for by subsequent enhancement of
precipitation and subcloud sublimation. Activation of collisional breakup
improves the representation of cloud ice content, but cloud liquid remains
overestimated. In most sensitivity simulations, variations in ice habit and
prescribed rimed fraction have little effect on the results. A few
simulations result in explosive multiplication and cloud dissipation;
however, in most setups, the overall multiplication effects become
substantially weaker if the precipitation sink is enhanced through cloud-ice-to-snow autoconversion. The largest uncertainty stems from the
correction factor for ice enhancement due to sublimation included in the
breakup parameterization; excluding this correction results in rapid
glaciation, especially in simulations with plates. Our results indicate that
the lack of a detailed treatment of ice habit and rimed fraction in most
bulk microphysics schemes is not detrimental for the description of the
collisional breakup process in the examined conditions as long as cloud-ice-to-snow autoconversion is considered.
On the capability of the future ALTIUS ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared limb sounder to constrain modelled stratospheric ozone
Authors: Errera Quentin , Dekemper Emmanuel , Baker Noel , Debosscher Jonas , Demoulin Philippe , Mateshvili Nina , Pieroux Didier , Vanhellemont Filip , Fussen Didier
Published: June 2021

Abstract. ALTIUS (Atmospheric Limb Tracker for the Investigation of the Upcoming Stratosphere) is the upcoming stratospheric ozone monitoring limb sounder from ESA's Earth Watch programme. Measuring in the ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV–VIS–NIR) spectral regions, ALTIUS will retrieve vertical profiles
of ozone, aerosol extinction coefficients, nitrogen dioxide and other trace
gases from the upper troposphere to the mesosphere. In order to maximize the
geographical coverage, the instrument will observe limb-scattered solar light during daytime (i.e. bright limb observations), solar occultations at the
terminator and stellar/lunar/planetary occultations during nighttime. This
paper evaluates the constraint of ALTIUS ozone profiles on modelled
stratospheric ozone by means of an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE). In this effort, a reference atmosphere has been built and used to
generate ALTIUS ozone profiles, along with an instrument simulator. These
profiles are then assimilated to provide ozone analyses. A good agreement is
found between the analyses and the reference atmosphere in the stratosphere
and in the extra-tropical upper troposphere. In the tropical upper
troposphere, although providing significant information in the analyses, the assimilation of ozone profiles does not completely eliminate the bias with
respect to the reference atmosphere. The impacts of the different modes of observations have also been evaluated, showing that all of them are necessary
to constrain ozone during polar winters where solar/stellar occultations are
the most important during the polar night and bright limb data are the most
important during the development of the ozone hole in the polar spring.
Evaluation of ocean dimethylsulfide concentration and emission in CMIP6 models
Authors: Bock Josué , Michou Martine , Nabat Pierre , Abe Manabu , Mulcahy Jane P. , Olivié Dirk J. L. , Schwinger Jörg , Suntharalingam Parvadha , Tjiputra Jerry , van Hulten Marco , Watanabe Michio , Yool Andrew , Séférian Roland
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Characteristics and trends of surface ocean dimethylsulfide (DMS) concentrations and fluxes into the atmosphere of four Earth system models (ESMs:
CNRM-ESM2-1, MIROC-ES2L, NorESM2-LM, and UKESM1-0-LL) are analysed over the recent past (1980–2009) and into the future, using Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) simulations. The DMS concentrations in historical simulations systematically underestimate the most widely used
observed climatology but compare more favourably against two recent observation-based datasets. The models better reproduce observations in mid to
high latitudes, as well as in polar and westerlies marine biomes. The resulting multi-model estimate of contemporary global ocean DMS emissions is
16–24 Tg S yr−1, which is narrower than the observational-derived range of 16 to 28 Tg S yr−1. The four models
disagree on the sign of the trend of the global DMS flux from 1980 onwards, with two models showing an increase and two models a decrease. At the
global scale, these trends are dominated by changes in surface DMS concentrations in all models, irrespective of the air–sea flux parameterisation
used. In turn, three models consistently show that changes in DMS concentrations are correlated with changes in marine productivity; however, marine productivity is poorly constrained in the current generation of ESMs, thus limiting the predictive ability of this relationship. In contrast, a consensus
is found among all models over polar latitudes where an increasing trend is predominantly driven by the retreating sea-ice extent. However, the
magnitude of this trend between models differs by a factor of 3, from 2.9 to 9.2 Gg S decade−1 over the period 1980–2014, which is
at the low end of a recent satellite-derived analysis. Similar increasing trends are found in climate projections over the 21st century.