bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells (RBL-2H3) Generate Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after Regulated upon Activation, Normal T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) activation
Authors: Castellani M.L. , Petrarca C. , Frydas S. , Conti C.M. , Salini V. , Conti P. , Shanmugham L.N.
Published: January 2018

Increasing evidence indicates that local neurogenic inflammation, possibly in response to different stimuli, may be involved in sensory nerve sensitization, migraine generation and some other precipitating events leading to neuronal dysfunction in the brain. In addition, mast cells generate eicosanoids that are linked to asthma and other inflammatory diseases. Regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is a small protein and a prototype member of the CC chemokine-beta subfamily with chemoattractant and inflammatory properties. In this study we used the RBL-2H3 cell line to determine whether or not these cells generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after treatment with RANTES. After 4 hours of incubation, RBL-2H3 cells cultured with RANTES at 20 ng/mL released large amounts of PGD2 in a dose-response manner compared to control. Moreover, RBL-treated RANTES generated a large quantity of histamine. Our study confirms once again the proinflammatory action of RANTES, in this case acting on the stimulation of the arachidonic acid cascade product PGD2.
The gift as colonial ideology? Marcel Mauss and the solidarist colonial policy in the interwar era
Authors: Mallard Grégoire
Published: January 2018

Marcel Mauss published his essay The Gift (1925) in the context of debates about the European sovereign debt crises and the economic growth experienced by the colonies. This article traces the discursive associations between Mauss’ anthropological concepts (“gift,” “exchanges of prestations,” and “generosity”) and the reformist program of French socialists who pushed for an “altruistic” colonial policy in the interwar period. This article demonstrates that the three obligations which Mauss identified as the basis of a customary law of international economic relations (i.e. the duty to give, the duty to receive, and the duty to give back) served as key references in the French debate about the relationships between metropolises and colonies in the interwar period. Mauss made this relation between colonial policy and the ethnology of the gift explicit in his book, The Nation. Moving beyond Mauss’ interwar writings, the article traces the genealogy of his later reflections to his involvement in prewar debates about chartered companies.
Civil association across borders: Law, morality and responsibility in the post-Brexit Era
Authors: Hjorth Ronnie
Published: January 2018

Michael Oakeshott’s distinction between ‘civil association’ and ‘enterprise association’ has inspired international society theorists to conceive of international society as not just a ‘purposive association’ constructed by states to satisfy their interests but also as a ‘practical association’ providing formal and pragmatic rules that are not instrumental to particular goals of state policy. While this article is supportive of the Oakeshottian turn in international society theory, it suggests that somewhat different conclusions can be drawn from it. The article sketches out an alternative conception of international ‘civil association’, one that transcends the boundaries of communities. It is argued that such a notion of civil association is both possible and at the same time anchored in the experiences of the modern state. It is suggested that this notion of international civil association, when sustained by an adequate legal conception, promotes the enforcement of moral and political responsibility across borders. Finally, it is argued that European governments post-Brexit should strive to retain, as much as possible, the element of civil association present in European relations in order to preserve the civil condition, the rule of law, and in order to enhance political responsibility across borders.
Amenorrhoea
Authors: Vickers Holly , Gray Thomas , Jha Swati
Published: January 2018

Amenorrhoea is the absence of menstruation in a female patient of reproductive age. Patients with amenorrhoea may be concerned about puberty and fertility depending on the age of presentation. It is important for clinicians to consider the underlying causes and appropriately assess, investigate and counsel each patient. Approximately 0.3% of females experience primary amenorrhoea, and 3–4% of females at reproductive age experience secondary amenorrhoea. This article aims to outline the differential diagnoses for both primary and secondary amenorrhoea and to consider investigation and management in primary care, including indications for referral to secondary care.
Hepatitis C
Authors: Dawson Stacey , Meader Emma
Published: January 2018

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects approximately 180 000 000 people worldwide, with the highest rates reported in Africa and Asia. In the UK, the rate is in the region of 1% of the population. Most infections become chronic and can lead to extensive liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite recent advances in treatment strategies the high cost, high demand, screening uptake and re-infection rates make HCV one of the greatest healthcare challenges of modern medicine. This article provides an overview of HCV and aims to equip GPs for their role in screening and management in primary care.
Post-coital bleeding
Authors: Connolly Anne
Published: January 2018

Post-coital bleeding is a frequent presentation in primary care, and one that causes concern to women, their sexual partners and health care professionals. Causes include trauma to a cervical ectropion, or cervicitis secondary to chlamydial infection, however, cervical cancer can present with post-coital bleeding. There are no national guidelines for the management of post-coital bleeding, however, cervical examination is essential to exclude serious cervical pathology and may require fast track colposcopy referral before considering other investigations and treatment. This article provides a framework for history taking, examination, initial investigations and recommendations for colposcopy referral.
Nephrology eConsults for Primary Care Providers: Original Investigation
Authors: Keely Erin , Li Jennifer , Magner Peter , Afkham Amir , Liddy Clare
Published: January 2018

Background:

The Champlain BASE™ (Building Access to Specialists through eConsultation) eConsult service allows primary care providers (PCPs) to submit patient-specific clinical questions to specialists via a secure web service.

Objective:

Our objective was to describe the types of nephrology questions asked through an eConsult service based in eastern Ontario and assess the service’s impact on the need for face-to-face consultations.

Design:

Cross-sectional study using descriptive statistics was conducted using nephrology cases submitted between May 2011 and January 2015. Specialist response times and referral avoidance were collected. Validated taxonomies were used to categorize cases based on question type and content.

Setting:

Patient cases were collected from PCPs in Ottawa, Ontario, and its surrounding communities and submitted to nephrologists at the Ottawa Hospital.

Patients:

During the study period, 155 eConsults were submitted to nephrology.

Measurement:

Utilization and survey data were collected for all eConsults. Questions were categorized by subject matter and question type.

Results:

A traditional consult visit was avoided in 45% of cases based on the specialist’s advice; 21% cases required referral. Thirty-two percent of eConsults took specialists less than 10 minutes to complete, 55% took 10 to 15 minutes, 11% took 15 to 20 minutes, and only 2% took more than 20 minutes. Twenty-five percent of cases were related to proteinuria, 18% to chronic kidney disease (CKD), 17% to imaging, and 12% to drug use in CKD. Common question types included general management (37%), interpretation of laboratory test (17%), interpretation of an image report (13%), and need for nephrology referral (11%).

Limitations:

Some consults contained multiple categories and question types. Our analyses required a single classification, which may underestimate the number of questions in each category. Our study had a small sample size using cases completed in a single health jurisdiction, limiting generalizability.

Conclusions:

The Champlain BASE™ eConsult service provided guidance to PCPs and reduced the number of face-to-face nephrology consultations.
Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in feral cats in Massachusetts
Authors: Galemore Erin R , Labato Mary A , O’Neil Elizabeth
Published: January 2018

Objectives

The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and exposure in adult feral cats in Massachusetts, an endemic area for A phagocytophilum and its tick vector Ixodes scapularis. The secondary objective was to determine if there were correlations between A phagocytophilum infection and the presence of anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Methods

Blood samples were collected between June and December 2015 from 175 apparently healthy adult feral cats that were presented to trap and release spay/neuter centers in Massachusetts. Complete blood count, blood smear evaluation, SNAP 4Dx Plus test (IDEXX) and A phagocytophilum PCR were performed on all samples to document acute infection (PCR-positive and/or inclusions observed on blood smear) and exposure to A phagocytophilum (SNAP 4Dx Plus-positive for A phagocytophilum antibodies).

Results

The prevalence of exposure to A phagocytophilum in feral cats in Massachusetts was 9.7%, whereas the prevalence of acute infection was 6.9%. All blood smears were negative for Anaplasma species inclusions; therefore, acute infection was defined as testing positive on PCR analysis. No statistically significant correlations were identified for cats that were positive for A phagocytophilum on PCR analysis or SNAP 4Dx Plus test and the presence of anemia or thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions and relevance

The prevalence of A phagocytophilum exposure in feral cats approaches 10% and is higher than the previously reported national average prevalence of 4.3% in the USA. A phagocytophilum infection may be an emerging infectious disease in cats. Further research is needed to determine the prevalence of clinical illness associated with A phagocytophilum infection in cats living in endemic areas.
Predicting College Completion Among Students With Learning Disabilities
Authors: Yu Meifang , Novak Jeanne A. , Lavery Matthew Ryan , Vostal Brooks R. , Matuga Julia M.
Published: January 2018

The authors analyzed National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2) data to examine the role of high school academic preparation and receipt of postsecondary academic support services (PASS) in predicting college completion among students with learning disabilities. Logistic regression analyses revealed that students who earned a 3.0 grade point average (GPA) in a college preparatory curriculum were more than twice as likely to complete college than those with a similar GPA who did not complete a college preparatory curriculum. Furthermore, among students who completed a college preparatory curriculum, earning a higher GPA and accessing PASS both dramatically increased the likelihood that they would complete college. Results underscore the importance of incorporating a college preparatory curriculum into transition planning for college-bound students with learning disabilities.
Oligosecretory Myeloma With Amyloidosis and Alopecia
Authors: Bilal Anum , Der Mesropian Paul , Lam Franklin , Shaikh Gulvahid
Published: January 2018

Amyloidosis is a systemic illness characterized by the extracellular deposition of abnormal proteins in body tissues and organs. In addition to renal involvement, amyloidosis can also present with a variety of skin manifestations, though rarely with alopecia. Sixteen cases of alopecia secondary to systemic amyloidosis are reported. There is one reported case that presented with alopecia universalis. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman presenting with alopecia universalis, rapid decline in kidney function, and nephrotic syndrome who was found to have multiple myeloma-associated AL amyloidosis (immunoglobulin light chain). Her serological workup including serum electrophoresis was negative and she underwent renal biopsy. Pathology revealed eosinophilic material within the mesangium that was Congo-red positive, had apple-green birefringence under polarized light, and ultramicroscopically appeared as fibrillary material. Subsequent bone marrow examination showed a diffuse increase in plasma cells with atypia indicating plasma cell neoplasm. This case underlines several interesting aspects of multiple myeloma and the way it may present with amyloidosis. The lack of monoclonal spike on electrophoresis yet positive light chain analysis deserves special attention by clinicians to avoid a missed diagnosis. The extensive skin involvement also raises several questions regarding the pathologic mechanisms of alopecia in a patient with amyloidosis.
Scapular Dyskinesis in Young, Asymptomatic Elite Swimmers
Authors: Preziosi Standoli Jacopo , Fratalocchi Francesco , Candela Vittorio , Preziosi Standoli Tiziano , Giannicola Giuseppe , Bonifazi Marco , Gumina Stefano
Published: January 2018

Background:

Overhead athletes are at a greater risk of developing scapular dyskinesis (SD). Although swimming is considered an overhead sport, information regarding SD in these athletes is scarce.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of SD in young, asymptomatic elite swimmers.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 661 asymptomatic elite swimmers were enrolled in this study (344 male, 317 female; mean age, 15.83 ± 2.20 years). Anthropometric characteristics, training routine, and stroke specialty were recorded. SD was assessed using a dynamic test consisting of an examination of the shoulder blades throughout synchronous forward flexion motion in the sagittal plane and was deemed to be either present or absent. Each movement was repeated 5 times. These evaluations were performed with athletes at rest, before any training or competition. Statistical analysis was performed.

Results:

SD was detected in 56 (8.5%) participants. Type I SD was the most common (46.5%); male participants were 2 times as likely to have SD as female participants (39 male, 17 female; P < .01). No correlation was found between the dominant limb and side affected ( P = .258); rather, a correlation was found between the breathing side and side affected, in that swimmers with a preferred breathing side were more prone to develop SD in the opposite shoulder ( P < .05). Swimmers involved in long-distance races were found to have a greater risk of developing SD ( P = .01).

Conclusion:

SD may be an asymptomatic condition in elite young swimmers and is present in 8.5% of these athletes. Early diagnosis may be useful for asymptomatic athletes with SD and to avoid its possible evolution to a symptomatic condition.
Career Length and Injury Incidence After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Soccer Players
Authors: Arundale Amelia Joanna Hanford , Silvers-Granelli Holly Jacinda , Snyder-Mackler Lynn
Published: January 2018

Background:

Little is known about career length after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in Major League Soccer (MLS), the top men’s professional soccer league in the United States. Further, it is unspecified whether athletes returning to soccer after ACL reconstruction are at a higher risk for injuries, beyond new knee injuries.

Purpose:

To examine career length and the incidence of lower extremity injuries in MLS athletes after ACL reconstruction in comparison with age-matched controls.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Injuries and athletic exposures (AEs; games and training sessions) were recorded in the HealtheAthlete database, the injury surveillance system of MLS. All athletes who had undergone ACL reconstruction and returned to MLS were identified and age-matched with controls. Multivariate analyses of variance were used to compare career length and percentage of regular/postseason games that athletes started, substituted, or did not play. Generalized linear model regressions were used to examine the injury risk.

Results:

Athletes in the ACL group had shorter careers (1.3 ± 1.3 years) than those in the control group (2.5 ± 1.3 years) ( P < .01), but while they were playing, athletes in the ACL group participated in a similar number of AEs as those in the control group (169.9 ± 129.0 vs 171.6 ± 124.9 AEs, respectively; P = .95). Athletes in the ACL group started fewer regular/postseason games (36.7% ± 34.3% vs 60.1% ± 33.8%, respectively; P < .01) and did not play in more regular/postseason games (47.4% ± 35.5% vs 31.0% ± 34.4%, respectively; P = .03) compared with those in the control group. The ACL group was not at a significantly greater risk for lower extremity injuries compared with the control group (relative risk, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.55-1.37).

Conclusion:

Although MLS athletes after ACL reconstruction are not at a greater risk for lower extremity injuries, this study suggests that they are not utilized in regular/postseason games as frequently and that their careers in MLS are shorter than age-matched controls. Further research is necessary to elucidate reasons for these athletes’ shortened MLS careers. This study supports the view of return to sport not as a single time point but as a continuum from return to participation to return to play and return to performance.
Frequency and features of embolic stroke of undetermined source in young adults
Authors: Perera Kanjana S , Swaminathan Balakumar , Veltkamp Roland , Arauz Antonio , Ameriso Sebastian , Marti-Fabregas Joan , Arnold Marcel , Hankey Graeme J , Lutsep Helmi , Hart Robert G
Published: January 2018

Introduction

The sources of emboli in those with embolic stroke of undetermined source may differ in old and young. We assessed the frequency, features and potential embolic sources of younger vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients in the embolic stroke of undetermined source Global Registry.

Patients and methods

Cross-sectional study of consecutive patients over age 18 years, with recent ischaemic strokes at 19 centres conducted in 2013–2014. Characteristics of embolic stroke of undetermined source patients who aged ≤50 years were analysed and compared with embolic stroke of undetermined source patients who aged >50 years.

Results

Among 2144 patients with ischaemic stroke, 323 (15.1%, 95% confidence interval: 13.6–16.7%) were ≤50 years old and, 1821 >50 years. 24% ( n = 78) of young vs. 15% ( n = 273) of older patients met embolic stroke of undetermined source criteria. The mean age of young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients was 40 years (standard deviation +/−9), 33% were women and the most prevalent vascular risk factor was hypertension (38%). Conventional vascular risk factors were less frequent in younger embolic stroke of undetermined source patients. Fewer young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients (63%) had potential minor risk embolic sources identified vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients (77%) ( p = 0.02). Stroke severity on admission was similar in younger vs. older patients (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) 3 vs. 4, p = 0.06).

Discussion

Young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients comprise an important subset of ischaemic stroke patients around the world. Severity of stroke on admission and 30-day mortality rates are similar among young and older patients. However, there are important differences between younger vs. older embolic stroke of undetermined source patients with respect to risk factors, and potential embolic sources that could affect response to anticoagulants vs. antiplatelet therapies.

Conclusion

This study provides a benchmark for the global frequency and characteristics of young embolic stroke of undetermined source patients and shows consistent high frequency of embolic stroke of undetermined source in young adults.
Enabling Open-Science Initiatives in Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Without Sacrificing Patients’ Privacy: Current Practices and Future Challenges
Authors: Walsh Colin G. , Xia Weiyi , Li Muqun , Denny Joshua C. , Harris Paul A. , Malin Bradley A.
Published: January 2018

The psychological and psychiatric communities are generating data on an ever-increasing scale. To ensure that society reaps the greatest utility in research and clinical care from such rich resources, there is significant interest in wide-scale, open data sharing to foster scientific endeavors. However, it is imperative that such open-science initiatives ensure that data-privacy concerns are adequately addressed. In this article, we focus on these issues in clinical research. We review the privacy risks and then discuss how they can be mitigated through appropriate governance mechanisms that are both social (e.g., the application of data-use agreements) and technological (e.g., de-identification of structured data and unstructured narratives). We also discuss the benefits and drawbacks of these mechanisms, particularly as regards data fidelity. Our focus is on de-identification methods that meet regulatory requirements, such as the Privacy Rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. To illustrate their potential, we show how the principles we discuss have been applied in a large-scale clinical database and distributed research networks. We close this article with a discussion of challenges in supporting data privacy as open-science initiatives grow in their scale and complexity.
Glitazones and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as the second-line oral anti-diabetic agents added to metformin reduce cardiovascular risk in Type 2 diabetes patients: a nationwide cohort observational study
Authors: Chan Cheng-Wei , Yu Chu-Leng , Lin Jiunn-Cherng , Hsieh Yu-Cheng , Lin Che-Chen , Hung Chen-Ying , Li Cheng-Hung , Liao Ying-Chieh , Lo Chu-Pin , Huang Jin-Long , Lin Ching-Heng , Wu Tsu-Juey
Published: January 2018

Objective

Metformin is the standard first-line drug for patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the optimal second-line oral anti-diabetic agent (ADA) remains unclear. We investigated the cardiovascular risk of various ADAs used as add-on medication to metformin in T2DM patients from a nationwide cohort.

Methods

T2DM patients using different add-on oral ADAs after an initial metformin therapy of > 90 days were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. Five classes of ADAs, including sulphonylureas (SU), glinides, thiazolidinediones (TZD), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4I) were selected for analysis. The reference group was the SU added to metformin. Patients were excluded if aged < 20 years, had a history of stroke or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or were receiving insulin treatment. The primary outcomes included any major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) including ACS, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, and death. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for MACE.

Results

A total of 26,742 patients receiving their add-on drug to metformin of either SU (n = 24,277), glinides (n = 962), TZD (n = 581), AGI (n = 808), or DPP-4I (n = 114) were analyzed. After a mean follow-up duration of 6.6 ± 3.4 years, a total of 4775 MACEs occurred. Compared with the SU+metformin group (reference), the TZD+metformin (adjusted HR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.50–0.88, p = 0.004) and AGI+metformin (adjusted HR: 0.74; 95% CI 0.59–0.94, p = 0.01) groups showed a significantly lower risk of MACE.

Conclusion

Both TZD and AGI, when used as an add-on drug to metformin were associated with lower MACE risk when compared with SU added to metformin in this retrospective cohort study.

Trial registration CE13152B-3. Registered 7 Mar, 2013, retrospectively registered
Compromised JMJD6 Histone Demethylase Activity Affects VHL Gene Repression in Preeclampsia
Authors: Alahari Sruthi , Post Martin , Rolfo Alessandro , Weksberg Rosanna , Caniggia Isabella
Published: January 2018

Context

The von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein is a key executor of the cellular hypoxic response that is compromised in preeclampsia, a serious disorder complicating 5% to 7% of pregnancies. To date, the mechanisms controlling VHL gene expression in the human placenta remain elusive.

Objective

We examined VHL epigenetic regulation in normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia, a pathology characterized by placental hypoxia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Placentae were obtained from early-onset preeclampsia (n = 56; <34 weeks of gestation) and late-onset preeclampsia (n = 19; ≥34 weeks of gestation). Placentae from healthy normotensive age-matched preterm control (n = 43) and term control (n = 23) pregnancies were included as controls.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

We measured the activity of Jumonji domain containing protein 6 (JMJD6), a ferrous iron (Fe2+)– and oxygen-dependent histone demethylase, and examined its function in the epigenetic control of VHL.

Results

JMJD6 regulates VHL gene expression in the human placenta. VHL downregulation in preeclampsia is dependent on decreased JMJD6 demethylase activity due to hypoxia and reduced Fe2+ bioavailability. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed decreased association of JMJD6 and its histone targets with the VHL promoter. Findings in preeclampsia were corroborated in a murine model of pharmacological hypoxia using FG-4592. Placentae from FG-4592–treated mice exhibited reduced VHL levels, accompanied by placental morphological alterations and reduced pup weights. Notably, Fe2+ supplementation rescued JMJD6 histone demethylase activity in histone from E-PE and FG-4592–treated mice.

Conclusions

Our study uncovers epigenetic regulation of VHL and its functional consequences for altered oxygen and iron homeostasis in preeclampsia.
The Effects of Agrin Isoforms on Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in a Rat Streptozotocin Model
Authors: Erasso Diana , Tender Gabriel C. , Li Qin , Yan Jiusheng , Culicchia Frank , Abdi Salahadin , Cui JianGuo
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes mellitus affects 9.3% of the US population and increases risks of surgery and complications. Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP), one of the main consequences of diabetes mellitus, is extremely difficult to treat. Current medications yield limited benefits and/or have severe adverse effects. Therefore, new, effective treatment is needed.

METHODS:

Streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in rats to induce diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rats exhibiting neuropathic pain underwent intrathecal injection of purified agrin proteins at various doses and were then tested for tactile allodynia to evaluate whether DNP was inhibited. The agrin effects were also analyzed with patch-clamp recording on spinal cord slices.

RESULTS:

Fifty–kilo Dalton agrin (Agr50) at 0.2 and 2 ng suppressed DNP when given intrathecally, while 25- and 75-kDa agrin (Agr25, Agr75) had little effect. The suppressive effect of Agr50 lasted 4 hours after a single bolus injection. The difference in effects of Agr50 on mean withdrawal threshold (4.6 ± 2.2 g before treatment to 26 ± 0 g after treatment) compared with that of Agr25 (4.9 ± 2.0 g to 4.9 ± 2.0 g) and Agr75 (5.3 ± 2.3 g to 9.2 ± 2.5 g) was highly significant (P < .01). On spinal cord slices, Agr50 increased spontaneous GABAergic current activities, suggesting increased spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and action potential firing rate from GABA neurons, whereas Agr25 and Agr75 had no such effect.

CONCLUSIONS:

Agr50 had a potent suppressive effect on DNP and increased spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and action potential firing rate from GABA neurons. Therefore, Agr50 may provide a potential therapy for DNP.
Condições do ambiente sociogerencial e gestão da saúde dos trabalhadores em um contexto de mudança cultural
Authors: Pires Costa Maria Teresa , Barbosa Silvânia da Cruz
Published: January 2018

Centrando-se no campo da gestão de pessoas na administração pública, avaliaram-se as condições do ambiente sociogerencial de um hospital universitário em relação à gestão da saúde dos trabalhadores a partir da taxonomia das condições de trabalho proposta por Borges et al. (2013) e da Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora (PNSTT). O método adotado foi uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualiquantitativa, e amostra não probabilística de 81 trabalhadores, utilizando as técnicas de grupo focal e questionário estruturado. A análise dos dados dos grupos focais e dos questionários estruturados revelou o desgaste nas relações de trabalho, pressões no ambiente sociogerencial decorrentes da infraestrutura, pouca participação nas decisões e percepção de conflitos culturais. Quanto à gestão da saúde do trabalhador no ambiente estudado, as ações estabelecidas não contemplam adequadamente os elementos presentes na PNSTT.
Reminiscências da livraria importadora Leonardo da Vinci na vivência político-cultural do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Baptistini Flavia
Published: January 2018

Este artigo pretender resgatar aspectos determinantes na trajetória e na identidade da livraria importadora Leonardo da Vinci. Sediada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, esteve por mais de sessenta anos sob o comando da mesma família, até ser vendida no início de 2016. Como parte integrante da memória cultural da cidade - bem como outras livrarias antes dela – contribuiu não só para a produção e o fomento do conhecimento humanístico na antiga capital da República, como ensejou formas de sociabilidade de uma série de intelectuais residentes na cidade durante a segunda metade do século XX e início do século XXI.
Peruanidad(es) no Brasil: a construção de identidades na experiência migratória de estudantes peruanos no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Daniel Camila
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho examinará como os peruanos que chegaram ao Rio de Janeiro como estudantes universitários (re)constroem sentidos para o que é “ser peruano” no Brasil. Escapando do falso dilema entre preservar a identidade de origem ou se aculturar, os estudantes fazem uma apropriação crítica de elementos brasileiros, ao mesmo tempo em que (re)avaliam os aspectos  peruanos de sua identidade, (re)forçando alguns e relativizando outros. A noção de experiência migratória (AUTOR, 2013) balizará esta análise. Este trabalho se baseia no trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado entre  2011 e de 2013.
Comida, consumo e identidade: notas etnográficas por entre os processos migratórios da mandioca; do contexto brasileiro e paraense ao contexto europeu
Authors: Picanço Miguel de Nazaré Brito
Published: January 2018

Este artigo descreve os ciclos da mandioca no Brasil, com centralidade no Estado do Pará, onde ela se estabelece como alimento primordial não apenas para a dieta local, mas como objeto na constituição de redes de interações entre os sujeitos, transformando-se em bem material e simbólico. Foi desenvolvido trabalho empírico a respeito dos fluxos migratórios de brasileiros para territórios catalão e francês, situando as implicações do consumo da mandioca e seus derivados nesse processo. A partir da observação de campo, e da análise de dados secundários foi possível construir uma narrativa evidenciando-se o papel da mandioca tanto para a preservação de costumes alimentares nativos como para a manutenção da identidade cultural num contexto de globalização e padronização do consumo.
Infância e migração: a perspectiva do realismo no fotojornalismo
Authors: Oeiras Tayla Katarina Ferreira , Sena Patrícia Rakel de Castro , Carvalho Catharine Marques Leite
Published: January 2018

O fotojornalismo tem se caracterizado cada vez mais como um traço do real, uma forma de narrar histórias a partir de uma perspectiva visual. A partir disso, objetiva-se nesta nota de pesquisa problematizar as condições de vida das crianças no bairro do Jaracaty (São Luís do Maranhão), representada por vezes pelo fotojornalismo que arroga para sí a condição de espelhar a realidade e não de tratá-la enquanto um traço, índice e referência possível. Escolheu-se como instrumento de análise, fotografias retratatas pelas autoras, a partir de uma pesquisa de campo unidas a relatos de experiências vividas pelos moradores locais. Há uma perspectiva contextual de relacionar tais condições que beiram e ressignificam a mortalidade infantil ao poema de João Cabral de Melo Neto “Morte e Vida Severina”.
Economics of mining
Authors: Хашева Зерема , Hasheva Zerema , Голик Владимир , Golik Vladimir
Published: January 2018

In the textbook sets out the basic Economics of mining enterprises. Discusses the economic efficiency of production resources, innovative activities, the characteristic technologies of development of deposits of mineral raw materials, systematized the main directions of economic support of the processes of mining, described the latest technological processes in mining operations. The manual is intended for students and University professors, managers of industries, mining engineers, and a wide range of readers.
Experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of loading conditions in biomechanical testing of locking plate fracture fixation devices
Authors: MacLeod A. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Pankaj P.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Secondary fracture healing is strongly influenced by the stiffness of the bone-fixator system. Biomechanical tests are extensively used to investigate stiffness and strength of fixation devices. The stiffness values reported in the literature for locked plating, however, vary by three orders of magnitude. The aim of this study was to examine the influence that the method of restraint and load application has on the stiffness produced, the strain distribution within the bone, and the stresses in the implant for locking plate constructs.

Methods

Synthetic composite bones were used to evaluate experimentally the influence of four different methods of loading and restraining specimens, all used in recent previous studies. Two plate types and three screw arrangements were also evaluated for each loading scenario. Computational models were also developed and validated using the experimental tests.

Results

The method of loading was found to affect the gap stiffness strongly (by up to six times) but also the magnitude of the plate stress and the location and magnitude of strains at the bone-screw interface.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the method of loading is responsible for much of the difference in reported stiffness values in the literature. It also shows that previous contradictory findings, such as the influence of working length and very large differences in failure loads, can be readily explained by the choice of loading condition. Cite this article: A. MacLeod, A. H. R. W. Simpson, P. Pankaj. Experimental and numerical investigation into the influence of loading conditions in biomechanical testing of locking plate fracture fixation devices. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:111–120. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0074.R2.
The effect of aminoguanidine (AG) and pyridoxamine (PM) on ageing human cortical bone
Authors: Abar O. , Dharmar S. , Tang S. Y.
Published: January 2018

Objectives

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a post-translational modification of collagen that form spontaneously in the skeletal matrix due to the presence of reducing sugars, such as glucose. The accumulation of AGEs leads to collagen cross-linking, which adversely affects bone quality and has been shown to play a major role in fracture risk. Thus, intervening in the formation and accumulation of AGEs may be a viable means of protecting bone quality.

Methods

An in vitro model was used to examine the efficacy of two AGE-inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) and pyridoxamine (PM), on ageing human cortical bone. Mid-diaphyseal tibial cortical bone segments were obtained from female cadavers (n = 20, age range: 57 years to 97 years) and randomly subjected to one of four treatments: control; glucose only; glucose and AG; or glucose and PM. Following treatment, each specimen underwent mechanical testing under physiological conditions via reference point indentation, and AGEs were quantified by fluorescence.

Results

Treatment with AG and PM showed a significant decrease in AGE content versus control groups, as well as a significant decrease in the change in indentation distance, a reliable parameter for analyzing bone strength, via two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The data suggest that AG and PM prevent AGE formation and subsequent biomechanical degradation in vitro. Modulation of AGEs may help to identify novel therapeutic targets to mitigate bone quality deterioration, especially deterioration due to ageing and in AGE-susceptible populations (e.g. diabetics). Cite this article: O. Abar, S. Dharmar, S. Y. Tang. The effect of aminoguanidine (AG) and pyridoxamine (PM) on ageing human cortical bone. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:105–110. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0135.R1.
Potential and management of mangrove ecosystem in South Jailolo Sub-district, West Halmahera, North Moluccas
Authors: TAHER MOCHTAR MUHAMMAD , KAMAL M. MUKHLIS , ZAIRION ZAIRION
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Taher MM, Kamal MM, Zairion. 2012. Potential and management of mangrove ecosystem in South Jailolo Sub-district of West Halmahera, North Moluccas. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 19-30. Mangrove ecosystem in South Jailolo District has many functions for the coastal area. This is a concern because the extent of mangrove ecosystems decreases from year to year due to the exploitation and conversion for various purposes without considering the ecological and physical functions of mangrove ecosystems. This research aims to describe the potential and existing conditions of the mangrove ecosystem and give a directive policy strategy for managing the mangrove ecosystem in this area. This study aims to determine the condition of mangrove ecosystems in the District of South Jailolo, assessing the potential ecological and economic impacts of mangrove ecosystems and how significant a reduction in mangrove area over the past 17 years, and then set the strategy of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems This research using primary and secondary data. Primer data gathering is done by sampling, field observation, questioner, the open interview ended, and in-depth interview in the research area—secondary data gathering by unraveling various literature and related institutions. Although the reduction in mangrove forest area is still in small quantities, to maintain sustainability and ecological function, it needs management strategies. Results of analysis for management strategies found that is conservation to preserve the mangrove ecosystem area (34%), managing the mangrove ecosystem as ecotourism (32%), conservation of mangrove land as aquaculture area (21%), and make local regulations for the management of mangrove ecosystems (13%).
Determination of mangrove green belt width based on the ecological and socio-economic aspect in Sawah Luhur Village, Serang City, Banten
Authors: ZEN LUTHFIA ZAHRA , RAHAJU SRI , HERO YULIUS
Published: January 2018

Abstract Zen LZ, Rahaju S, Hero Y. 2012. Determination of mangrove green belt width based on the ecological and socio-economic aspect in Sawah Luhur Village, Serang City, Banten. Bonorowo Wetlands 2: 52-65. The aims of this study was to examine the green belt policy and environmental condition in the coastal area of Sawah Luhur Village, Kasemen Sub-district, Serang City, Banten, and determine the decision-making solution of green belt policy in the village refers to ecological and socio-economic aspects. This study was based on primary and secondary data. Policy review was based on Presidential Decree (Keppres) no. 32 of 1990 on Protected Forest Area and Serang City Regulation (Perda) no. 6 of 2011 on Spatial Planning of the Region. Biophysical studies were conducted through ground checks and classified land into agricultural land, farms, settlements, forested areas, buffer zones, rivers, and roads. The socio-economic study was conducted through interviews with 30 respondents, i.e., community, government officials in the villages, sub-districts, cities, and students.Based on the Presidential Decree, with the average difference of seawater tides being 0.7 m, the width of the green belt in Sawah Luhur coastal area is 91 m, and with the length of the coastline is 4.97 km, then the green belt area is 45.18 ha. However, ground checks indicate that the mangrove green belt area only covers 50.19% or 22.68 ha, mainly consisting of Pulau Dua Nature Reserve. Therefore, the extent of the green belt is not implemented optimally in accordance with the Presidential Decree. In the Serang City Regulation, the determination of the green mangrove belt is not explained. Currently, the people of Sawah Luhur Village have difficulty meeting the needs of clean water due to the intrusion of seawater that reaches 4 km to the mainland, exacerbated by drought due to the long dry season. Besides, pollution and environmental degradation reduce pond productivity and agriculture, thus affecting the majority of people’s income. To increase land productivity, one of them is by exploiting and planting coastal areas. According to respondents, coastal land is better utilized as a silvofishery (tambak tumpangsari) because it has ecologically, economically, and tourism advantages. If silvofishery can be realized and utilized properly, all parties will benefit in various aspects.
Comparison of defecatory function after laparoscopic total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis versus a traditional open approach
Authors: Khan MAS , Jayne D , Saunders R
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis can result in significant defecatory frequency and poor bowel function. The aim of this study was to assess whether a laparoscopic approach is associated with any improvement in this regard.

Methods

A single institution retrospective review was undertaken of patients undergoing elective total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis between 2000 and 2011. Those undergoing emergency surgery and paediatric surgery were excluded. The primary outcome measure was satisfactory defecatory function after surgery.

Results

Forty-nine patients (24 male, 25 female) were included in the study. The median age was 48 years (range: 20–83 years). Laparoscopic total colectomy (LTC) was performed in 20 patients and open total colectomy (OTC) in 29 patients. Indications for surgery were slow colonic transit (n=17), colorectal cancer (CRC) (n=17), CRC with hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome (n=8), inflammatory bowel disease (n=4) and diverticular disease (n=3). In the LTC group, 85% had a satisfactory defecatory frequency of 1–6 motions per day compared with 45% in the OTC cohort (p=0.006). There was no statistically significant difference in bowel frequency related to primary pathology (benign vs cancer surgery, p=1.0). Postoperative complications for both groups included relaparotomy (n=3), anastomotic leak (n=2), small bowel obstruction (n=2), postoperative bleeding (n=1) and pneumonia (n=1).

Conclusions

This study indicates that long-term defecatory function is better following LTC than following OTC and ileorectal anastomosis. The mechanism for this improvement is unclear but it may relate to the underlying reason for surgery or possibly to reduced small bowel handling leading to fewer adhesions after laparoscopic surgery.
Laparoscopic aproach in post-traumatic chylous ascites
Authors: Tallón-Aguilar L , López-Ruiz JA , Domínguez-Sánchez C , Pareja-Ciuró F , Padillo-Ruiz J
Published: January 2018

Chylous ascites is a rare condition little reported in literature, with even more exceptional traumatic origin. Its production mechanism is not known exactly but has been attributed to hyperflexion or hyperextension of the spine leading to a rupture of lymph ducts. We present a case of post-traumatic chyloperitoneum in a young patient after abdominal blunt trauma. Conservative treatment should be the first therapeutic option, especially if the origin is traumatic, reserving more aggressive possibilities for cases that do not respond after 15 days, if debt is greater than 1.5 litres/day in adult patients or in those with metabolic complications. A laparoscopic approach is indicated to confirm the diagnosis and to rule out other associated injuries that may require other surgical procedures.
Complication rates of external ventricular drain insertion by surgeons of different experience
Authors: Yuen J , Selbi W , Muquit S , Berei T
Published: January 2018

Introduction

Insertion of external ventricular drain (EVD) is a widely accepted, routinely performed procedure for treatment of hydrocephalus and raised intracranial pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a surgeon’s experience affects the associated complication rate.

Methods

This retrospective study included all adult patients undergoing EVD insertion at a single centre between July 2013 and June 2015. Medical records were retrieved to obtain details on patient demographics, surgical indication, risk factors for infection and use of anticoagulants or antiplatelets. Surgeon experience, operative time, intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, need for revision surgery and EVD associated infection were examined. Information on catheter tip position and radiological evidence of intracranial haemorrhage was obtained from postoperative imaging.

Results

A total of 89 patients were included in the study. The overall infection, haemorrhage and revision rates were 4.8%, 7.8% and 13.0% respectively, with no significant difference among surgeons of different experience. The mean operating time for patients who developed an infection was 22 minutes while for those without an infection, it was 33 minutes (p=0.474). Anticoagulation/antiplatelet use did not appear to increase the rate of haemorrhage. The infection rate did not correlate with known risk factors (eg diabetes and steroids), operation start time (daytime vs out of hours) or duration of surgery although intraoperative (single dose) antibiotic prophylaxis seemed to reduce the infection rate. There was also a correlation between longer duration of catheterisation and increased risk of infection.

Conclusions

This is the first study demonstrating there is no significant difference in complication rates between surgeons of different experience. EVD insertion is a core neurosurgical skill and junior trainees should be trained to perform it.
Association of pretreatment neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and outcome in emergency colorectal cancer care
Authors: Palin RP , Devine AT , Hicks G , Burke D
Published: January 2018

Introduction

The association between the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and outcome in elective colorectal cancer surgery is well established; the relationship between NLR and the emergency colorectal cancer patient is, as yet, unexplored. This paper evaluates the predictive quality of the NLR for outcome in the emergency colorectal cancer patient.

Materials and Methods

A total of 187 consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgery for colorectal cancer were included in the study. NLR was calculated from the haematological tests done on admission. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to determine the most suitable cut-off for NLR. Outcomes were assessed by mortality at 30 and 90 days using stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

An NLR cut-off of 5 was found to have the highest sensitivity and specificity. At 30 days, age and time from admission to surgery were associated with increased mortality; a high NLR was associated with an increased risk of mortality in univariate but not multivariate analysis. At 90 days, age, NLR, time from admission to surgery and nodal status were all significantly associated with increased mortality on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Pre-operative NLR is a cheap, easily performed and useful clinical tool to aid prediction of outcome in the emergency colorectal cancer patient.