bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Individual variation of tentorial notch morphometry in a series of neurocritical patients
Authors: Grille Pedro , Biestro Alberto , Telis Osmar , Verga Federico , Sgarbi Nicolas
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Cadaveric studies on humans have shown anatomical variabilities in the morphometric characteristics of the tentorial notch. These anatomical variations could influence the worsening of neurocritical patients. Objectives: 1) To investigate the morphometric characteristics of the tentorial notch in neurocritical patients using computed tomography (CT); 2) To investigate the correlation between tentorial notch measurements by CT and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and 3) To analyze the individual variability of the tentorial notch anatomy seen in neurocritical patients. Methods: Prospective series of neurocritical patients was examined. An imaging protocol for measurements was designed for CT and MRI. The level of the agreement of the measurements from CT and MR images was established. According to the measurements found, patients were divided into different types of tentorial notch. Results: We studied 34 neurocritical patients by CT and MRI. Measurements of the tentorial notch via CT and MRI showed significant agreement: concordance correlation coefficient of 0.96 for notch length and 0.85 for maximum width of tentorial notch. Classification of tentorial notch measurements according to the criteria established by Adler and Milhorat, we found the following: 15 patients (58%) corresponded to a "short" subtype; 7 (21%) to "small"; 3 (9%) to "narrow"; 2 (6%) to "wide"; 2 (6%) to “large”; 1 (3%) to “long”; and 4 (12%) to "typical". Conclusions: The anatomical variability of the tentorial notch could be detected in vivo by means of CT scan and MRI. Good agreement between the measurements made using these two imaging methods was found.
Investigation of serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in migraine patients
Authors: Dönder Ahmet , Cafer Vugar , Yilmaz Ahmet , Aslanhan Hamza , Arikanoğlu Adalet
Published: October 2021

Abstract Background: Migraines are headaches caused by changes in the trigeminovascular metabolic pathway. Migraine headache attacks are associated with neurovascular inflammation, but their pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully explained. Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels and the frequency of attacks in migraine headache. Methods: Three groups were established: migraine with aura (n = 50), migraine without aura (n = 50) and control group (n = 50). The migraine diagnosis was made in accordance with the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III beta diagnostic criteria. The analyses on serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found to be significantly higher in the migraine patients than in the control group (p < 0.01). No statistically signiﬁcant differences in serum vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels were found among the migraine patients during attacks or in the interictal period (p>0.05). The serum visfatin and chemerin levels of the migraine patients were positively correlated with their serum IL-18 levels (p < 0.01), while their serum chemerin and visfatin levels were positively correlated with their serum vaspin levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that these biomarkers may be related to migraine pathogenesis. Nonetheless, we believe that more comprehensive studies are needed in order to further understand the role of vaspin, visfatin, chemerin and IL-18 levels in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches.
Autonomic modulation at rest and in response to postural change in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Viana , Stoco-Oliveira Mileide Cristina , Silva Talita Dias da , Ferreira Celso , Valente Heloisa Balotari , Vanzella Laís Manata , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Analysis of autonomic modulation after postural change may inform the prognosis and guide treatment in different populations. However, this has been insufficiently explored among adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Objective: To investigate autonomic modulation at rest and in response to an active sitting test (AST) among adolescents with DMD. Methods: Fifty-nine adolescents were included in the study and divided into two groups: 1) DMD group: adolescents diagnosed with DMD; 2) control group (CG): healthy adolescents. Participants’ weight and height were assessed. Lower limb function, motor limitations and functional abilities of the participants in the DMD group were classified using the Vignos scale, Egen classification and motor function measurement, respectively. The following variables were assessed before, during and after AST: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respiratory rate (f), oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR). To analyze the autonomic modulation, the HR was recorded beat-by-beat. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were calculated in the time and frequency domains. Results: Differences in relation to groups were observed for all HRV indices, except LF/HF, oxygen saturation, HR and f (p < 0.05). Differences in relation to time and the interaction effect between group and time were observed for RMSSD, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, LFms2 and LFnu, HFun, SBP and DBP (p < 0.05). Differences in relation to time were also observed for the indice SDNN, FC and f (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Performing the AST promoted reduced autonomic modulation and increased SBP, DBP and HR in adolescents with DMD.
Sentidos e usos da fome no debate político brasileiro: recorrência e atualidade
Authors: Brito Fernanda Ribeiro dos Santos de Sá , Baptista Tatiana Wargas de Faria
Published: October 2021

Resumo: A fome é uma questão persistente e estrutural no Brasil, ocupando espaço na agenda política de tempos em tempos, em especial em momentos de crise política. Mas quando se torna interessante denunciar a fome? Quem enuncia o problema e de que modo? O artigo discute os diferentes usos retóricos e sentidos associados à fome no debate político brasileiro no período de 1986 a 2015 e lança luz sobre a reatualização do debate a partir de 2016. Trata-se de um estudo de análise de políticas que visa subsidiar a reflexão sobre as estratégias e objetivos das políticas públicas recentes de combate à fome no Brasil. A pesquisa analisou documentos relacionados à fome referidos à política governamental de 1986 a 2015, revelando diferentes sentidos de fome acionados politicamente em momentos distintos do contexto brasileiro: a fome vista como carência nutricional, pobreza, miséria, injustiça social, desigualdade, insegurança alimentar grave. Quanto aos usos políticos, a fome foi mobilizada retoricamente por diferentes atores, conforme o cenário de disputa política, até praticamente sumir do debate, retornando a partir de uma nova crise no ano de 2016. Esse retorno também diz respeito ao não enfrentamento de desigualdades estruturais. Quando a fome perdeu espaço na agenda política, fragilizou-se também a política de segurança alimentar e nutricional e muitas conquistas retrocederam. Conclui-se que a retórica política mobiliza auditórios, sendo importante manter a pauta de combate à fome no debate político enquanto existirem pessoas passando fome no país, e que essa deve ser uma agenda central para garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING AFTER DUODENOPANCREATECTOMY WITH PILORIC PRESERVATION?
Authors: NISHIO Ricardo Tadashi , PACHECO-JR Adhemar Monteiro , MORICZ André de , SILVA Rodrigo Altenfelder
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Background: The delay in gastric emptying is the second most frequent complication after duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation, that increases hospitalization time and hospital costs. Aim: To identify factors that contribute to the appearance the delay in this surgical procedure. Method: Ninety-five patients were submitted to duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation. After retrospective analysis of the medical records, it was observed that 60 had prolonged hospitalization due to complications. Thus, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze predictors of delayed gastric emptying. Results: Delay was present in 65% (n=39) and pancreatic fistula in 38.3% (n=23). Univariate analysis revealed that the presence of pancreatic complications (pancreatic fistula, p=0.01), other intracavitary complications with the appearance of abdominal collections (p=0.03) and hypoalbuminemia (p=0.06) were responsible, also confirmed by the multivariate analysis. In those who presented delay without a determined cause, it was observed that high levels of total bilirubin (p=0.01) and direct bilirubin (p=0.01) could be related to it. Conclusion: The delay in gastric emptying in patients undergoing duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation is due to intracavitary complications.
ARE ENTEROTYPES IN OBESE MODIFIED BY BARIATRIC SURGERY, THE USE OF PROBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTS AND FOOD HABITS?
Authors: DE-OLIVEIRA Giúlia Jager Maximowicz , SCHIEFERDECKER Maria Eliana Madalozzo , CAMPOS Antonio Carlos L
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: Studies suggest that bariatric surgery, use of probiotic supplements and the dietary pattern can change enterotypes, as well as the entire microbial population. Objective: To verify the influence of bariatric surgery, the use of probiotic supplements and eating habits on enterotypes in obese patients. Methods: Articles published between the 2015 and 2020 were searched in Lilacs and PubMed with the headings: probiotics, eating behavior, food consumption, food, diet, microbiota, gastrointestinal microbiome, bariatric surgery, gastric bypass and the keyword enterotype in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: Of the 260 articles found, only studies carried out in obese adults relating changes in the enterotype after bariatric surgery or use of probiotics or dietary patterns and original articles were selected. In the end, eight papers on enterotype change and bariatric surgery were selected and categorized, four on the relationship between food consumption and microbiota and one on the effects of probiotics on enterotypes. Conclusion: The microbial structure is widely modified after bariatric surgery, since the use of probiotic supplement does not bring lasting changes. Enterotypes appear to be shaped by long-term dietary patterns, can modulate how nutrients are metabolized and can be a useful biomarker to improve clinical management.
Plant extracts in agriculture and their applications in the treatment of seeds
Authors: Carvalho Ricardo da Silva , Silva Mariana Altenhofen da , Borges Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro , Forti Victor Augusto
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: The harmful effects caused by the use of toxic substances in agriculture have led to the development of alternative solutions, and researchers have focused on understanding the effectiveness and potential of plant extracts in agriculture. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the situation of research and scientific dissemination, as well as how current science has approached the use of plant extracts in agriculture, especially in seed applications. There is potential on the use of plant extracts in agriculture, demonstrated by a high number of publications over the last ten years, especially in the years 2018, 2019 and 2020, and Brazil stands out as the main country on this research area. Control of phytopathogenic microorganisms, insect control, biostimulant effect, resistance induction and herbicide effect have been the main themes explored for use in agriculture. The direct application of plant extracts is centered on plants and seeds, being this latter mainly focused on the control of phytopathogenic organisms and biostimulating effect.
Planejamento familiar: dilemas bioéticos encontrados na literatura
Authors: Moraes Laura Xavier de , Andrade Carla Andreia Alves de , Silva Fernanda da Mata Vasconcelos , Costa Aurélio Molina da , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva , Sousa Francisco Stélio de
Published: October 2021

Resumo O artigo traz resultados de revisão integrativa realizada conforme as recomendações do método Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. O objetivo era investigar, à luz do modelo principialista, os dilemas bioéticos que emergem do planejamento familiar, de acordo com a literatura. Os dados foram levantados em pesquisa nas bases Medline, Lilacs e Scopus, por meio do cruzamento dos descritores “family planning and bioethics”. Após aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, sete artigos publicados entre 2011 e 2018 foram selecionados para compor o estudo. Esses artigos foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo, como proposta por Bardin. Quatro categorias temáticas foram observadas: direito a liberdade e autonomia sexual/reprodutiva; interferência de governos no planejamento familiar e reprodutivo; barreiras socioculturais e religiosas ao planejamento familiar; e aprimoramento de tecnologias voltadas à manipulação de pré-embriões. Os resultados sugerem que os avanços científicos andam mais rápido do que as discussões bioéticas, criando dilemas práticos e teóricos.
A escrita como trabalho em atividades de revisão textual na formação docente inicial em Letras
Authors: Ciavolella Bruno , Menegassi Renilson José
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender como os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da concepção de escrita como trabalho são refletidos em atividades de revisão textual por docentes em formação inicial em Letras. Pauta-se na concepção dialógica de linguagem e nos pressupostos da concepção de escrita como trabalho. A pesquisa tem por contexto o curso de Letras de uma universidade pública paranaense. O corpus é constituído por atividade de revisão textual realizada por docentes em formação inicial. As revisões produzidas foram classificadas em três grupos: (1) reconhecimento somente de problemas gramaticais significativos; (2) reconhecimento incipientemente das condições de produção e/ou do gênero discursivo, além da dimensão gramatical; (3) atendimento integral aos pressupostos da escrita como trabalho. Aponta-se que não houve uma relação direta entre o estudo dos aportes teóricos e sua aplicação.
Letalidade hospitalar por COVID-19 em quatro capitais brasileiras e sua possível relação temporal com a variante Gama, 2020-2021
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , Marrero Lihsieh , Horta Bernardo Lessa
Published: October 2021

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a letalidade por COVID-19 - hospitalar e em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) - em quatro capitais brasileiras, em meses de picos epidêmicos e nos meses anteriores. Métodos Estudo ecológico com dados mensais de 2020-2021 do Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe, em indivíduos com 20 anos ou mais. Foram estimadas letalidade e mortalidade, com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Em Manaus, a letalidade em UTI nos >59 anos foi menor em dezembro/2020 (80,9%; IC95% 78,4;83,3) e no pico de janeiro/2021 (79,9%; IC95% 77,4;82,5), em comparação ao pico de abril/2020 (88,2%; IC95% 86,1;90,3). Em São Paulo, Curitiba e Porto Alegre, observou-se queda ou estabilidade na letalidade hospitalar e em UTI, em janeiro/2021, em comparação ao mês de referência de 2020. Conclusão Em janeiro/2021, a letalidade hospitalar e em UTI caiu ou manteve-se estável nas quatro capitais, especialmente em Manaus e durante o pico epidêmico com predomínio da variante Gama.
Strategies and Challenges in the Development of Coronavirus Disease-2019 Vaccine
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology, Radha Govind University, Ramgarh 829122, Jharkhand, India, Gupta Pratibha
Published: October 2021

The novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)) emerged from Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China in late 2019. Millions of people were infected with COVID-19 pandemic due to the long incubation period of the virus inside the human body and the dearth of available treatments or vaccines. High transmission rates created havoc, which highlighted the urgent need for effective interventions to stop the spread and clinical impact of the virus on patients and populations. Previous research on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) provides information on vaccination strategies that could inform how governments approach the elimination of this novel coronavirus. Numerous efforts have been made to develop vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS. The spike glycoprotein or S protein is the critical target for most of the drugs and vaccines against coronavirus. The virus uses the spike (S) protein for entering the host cell, by interacting with the receptor called angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Various vaccine platforms are available such as nucleic acid vaccine, protein-based vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines and live or attenuated vaccines, with each having their advantages and disadvantages. This review focuses on the overview of different vaccine candidates used, those currently in development, and the challenges encountered while developing effective vaccines.
Factors Affecting Access to E-Learning during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among Rural-Based Pharmacy Students in Zambia: A Qualitative Study
Authors:   Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China, Mwila Kennedy , Mudenda Steward ,   Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Kampamba Martin ,   Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Mufwambi Webrod ,   Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Lufungulo Enala S. ,   Graduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China, Phiri Margaret ,   Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Kabwe, Zambia, Hikaambo Christabel N. ,   Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: October 2021

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected the education sector globally. This has resulted in learning institutions adopting e-learning techniques. E-learning implementation in higher education continues to gain prominence in both developed and developing countries. Most universities are exploring different ways of using information and communications technology (ICT). However, ICT remains a challenge more especially for students who come from rural areas. Aim This study was aimed at exploring the factors that affect access to e-learning among rural-based pharmacy students in Zambia. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted among ten (10) purposively sampled pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. The study participants were from the Manying, a district of North-Western Province, the Sinda district of Eastern Province, the Nalolo district of Western Province, the Chipili district of Luapula Province and the Mbala district of Northern Province. Semistructured interviews were used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using the framework analysis. The sociodemographic characteristics indicate that ten (10) respondents were drawn from Zambia’s five (5) provinces. Six qualitative themes were generated these included devices used for e-learning; the effectiveness of the devices; student performance; internet connectivity; and electrification of the houses. Key findings suggest that the most commonly used device was a smartphone, which posed challenges to effective learner participation in e-learning. Poor internet connectivity, non-electrification of students’ houses, electricity outages, and costs-associated with internet use negatively affected students in accessing online learning and could adversely affect their academic activities and performance. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected access to e-learning among rural pharmacy students in Zambia. The implications of the challenges faced by the rural pharmacy students are that their academic activities and performance were negatively affected. Therefore, this posed a threat to the rights to universal access to education of the rural students who were mostly venerable.
A Review of the Antiviral Activity of Ivermectin and Its Use in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-2019
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Hikaambo Christabel N. , Kampamba Martin ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Bwalya Fernando ,   Kumera Pharmacy Operations, mPharma Zambia Limited, Lusaka, Zambia, Mweemba Mutenje ,   University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia, Siamutwe Chipo ,   Solwezi General Hospital, Solwezi, Zambia, Mufwambi Webrod ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Chimombe Tadious ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Banda Michelo ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia, Mudenda Steward ,   Department of Pharmacy, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
Published: October 2021

Background The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) originated in China and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Since its emergence in December 2019, there have been challenges in developing drugs that are effective against the virus. Currently, COVID-19 is managed using symptomatic and supportive therapies, antiviral agents, cellular and immunotherapy. Besides, most of the treatment modalities are still under investigation and treatment guidelines vary from one country to another. Ivermectin is among the drugs that are being used as part of treatment guidelines in certain countries like the Republic of Peru. However, the WHO recommends that ivermectin only be used in clinical trials. Aim The authors conducted this review to explore published studies on the possible therapeutic effects of ivermectin against active infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a causative agent of COVID-19. Methods A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed and EMBASE for articles published from 2016 to 2021. Search words used included ivermectin, antiviral, COVID-19, efficacy, safety, dosing, lower mortality rate, hospitalised patients and the Boolean operator ‘AND’. Results A few clinical trials have shown that ivermectin is safe for use in humans at specific doses and reduces the severity of the infection. Ivermectin was seen to reduce the signs and symptoms associated with COVID-19 in some studies while others showed no significant reduction. However, more studies must be conducted to ascertain its use in treating COVID-19. Conclusion Since many clinical trials are being conducted on the use of ivermectin to treat COVID-19, full evidence will be used to support its use in humans. Currently, some countries that are using ivermectin for treating COVID-19 have reported it to be effective and reduces morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. Therefore, countries should collaborate and provide full evidence for the use of ivermectin in humans to manage COVID-19.
Nothing is Simple
Authors:   Healthcare Development Consultancy, 110 37th Avenue, San Mateo, CA 94403, USA, Wesson Mark
Published: October 2021

The emergence of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has given an unrequested, rare, and prominent moment to the discipline of Epidemiology. The rigors and tools of epidemiology are critical in such situations, as public health threats progress from misunderstood or poorly understood to managed to possible eradication. Those trained well can hold the dual levers of scientific knowledge and public office at the same moment and steer societies from fear and suspicion when outbreaks occur to a sense of calm accomplishment and resumption of “life as normal.” In these moments epidemiology’s true influence over the last 200 years is evident. However, no force can act alone.
Bényi János győri nagyprépost magánkönyvtára
Authors: Oláh P. Róbert
Published: October 2021

Jelen dolgozat Bényi János győri nagyprépost 1659-ben bekövetkezett halálát követő hagyatéki eljárás során felvett könyvjegyzékéről szól. Az elmúlt évszázad során változó intenzitással, de rendszeresen kutatás tárgyát képezte a régikönyves kultúra. Az egyházi személyek kora újkori győri magánkönyvtárairól szóló munkák sorát Acsády Ignác forrásközlése nyitotta meg. Amelyet aztán Iványi Béla, Szabady Béla, Jenei Ferenc, B. Koroknay Éva, valamint Vásárhelyi Judit és Horváth József munkái követtek számos elévülhetetlen, a szélesebb magyar kultúra számára is meghatározó eredménnyel.
Veits Marchtallers Beschreibung Ungarischer Sachen von A(nno) 1588. – Veit Marchthaler magyar dolgainak leírása az 1588. évtől, Fordította, sajtó alá rendezte és bevezette Németh S. Katalin. Budapest, MTA Könyvtár és Információs Központ – Nemzetközi Magyarságtudományi Társaság, 2020. 208 p.
Authors: Szvorényi Róbert
Published: October 2021

Veit Marchthaler nem közismert szerző, a német útleírásokkal foglalkozó szakirodalom sem szentel neki sok figyelmet. Az Ulmból származó Marchthaler (ezen a keresztnéven családjában a második) 1564 és 1641 között élt. Pontos adatokkal életére vonatkozóan a 17. század kezdetétől rendelkezünk, amikor is 1600 tavaszán utazásait követően hazatért Ulmba, ahol a városi tanács tagjává választották, majd különféle tisztségeket betöltve 1640-től a kereskedő céh céhmestere lett. Ezt megelőzően már 1632-től titkos tanácsos volt. Az ulmi hazatérését megelőző húsz évéről eddig keveset tudtunk.
Hearing screening program in primary schools from rural areas
Authors: Skarzynski Piotr , Świerniak Weronika , Karpowicz Małgorzata , Zdanowicz Rita , Czajka Natalia , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: October 2021

Wstęp

Niezdiagnozowane zaburzenia słuchu ograniczają zdolność dziecka do nauki. Badania przesiewowe słuchu u dzieci w wieku szkolnym pomagają wykryć istotne dla edukacji ubytki słuchu i zapobiegają negatywnemu wpływowi na osiągnięcia w nauce. Celem pracy było oszacowanie rozpowszechnienia zaburzeń słuchu u dzieci w wieku szkolnym z terenów wiejskich w Polsce.

Materiał i metody

Uczestnikami badania było 44 323 dzieci (21 169 dziewczynek i 23 154 chłopców) w wieku od 6 do 9 lat z 4 414 szkół z terenów wiejskich w Polsce. Wyznaczono próg słyszenia na przewodnictwo powietrzne dla częstotliwości 0,5–8 kHz. Badanie przesiewowe słuchu wykonano przy użyciu Platformy Badań Zmysłów. Ponadto rodzice uczestników badania wypełnili ankietę audiologiczną.

Wyniki

Nieprawidłowy wynik badania przesiewowy stwierdzono u 19,5% badanych dzieci. Większość ubytków słuchu była jednostronna (63,6%). Tylko 14% rodziców zauważyło problem ze słuchem u swojego dziecka.

Wnioski

W pracy przedstawiono szacunkowe dane dotyczące przesiewowej audiometrii tonalnej u polskich dzieci z terenów wiejskich. Wykazano, że problemy ze słuchem są powszechne w tej populacji. Badanie ma istotne implikacje dla praktyki klinicznej i polityki zdrowotnej. Wskazuje na potrzebę systematycznego monitorowania stanu słuchu u dzieci oraz zwiększania świadomości rodziców i wychowawców na temat znaczenia ubytków słuchu. Konieczne są dalsze badania prowadzone wśród dzieci z terenów miejskich, aby porównać częstość występowania ubytków słuchu u dzieci z różnych środowisk.
Difficulties with central auditory processing disorders from the perspective of physicians, certification institutions, and patients
Authors: Czajka Natalia , Skarżyński Piotr , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: October 2021

Ośrodkowe zaburzenia procesów przetwarzania słuchowego to zespół objawów, które w znaczący sposób mogą wpływać na codzienne funkcjonowanie człowieka. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie trudności z otrzymaniem odpowiedniej dokumentacji przez pacjentów z ośrodkowymi zaburzeniami przetwarzania słuchowego od organów orzeczniczych oraz opiniotwórczych. Opisane w artykule trudności przekładają się na problemy z otrzymaniem wsparcia, którego potrzebują pacjenci z ośrodkowymi zaburzeniami przetwarzania słuchowego. Instytucje, takie jak szkoły, poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne i inne placówki, mają możliwości, by takiego wsparcia udzielić, ale nie mają do tego podstaw prawnych w postaci odpowiednich dokumentów. Wprowadzenie jedenastej wersji Klasyfikacji Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych (ICD-11) i wynikających z tego regulacji prawnych dotyczących pacjentów z ośrodkowymi zaburzeniami przetwarzania słuchowego ma szanse poprawić obecną niekorzystną sytuację.
National Project for Support Small and Medium-sized Businesses in the Context of Managing the Socio-
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Meshkova Y.R. , Shanygin S.I. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: October 2021

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) play an important role in the economic mechanisms of many countries. The article considers the main parameters of the situation that developed in Russia at the beginning of the implementation of the national project (NP). The purpose of the study is to assess the relevance of this project for the country and the validity of its indicators, taking into account the specifics of financingin the context of managing the social and economic systems of Russia. The analysis of the published research results on this topic in economic and instrumental aspects is carried out. The article analyzes the representation of small (including micro) and medium-sized enterprises in the main sectors of the national economy, identifies more «successful» sectors in this regard. The regional (by subjects of the Russian Federation) structure of such enterprises in the country is estimated on the basis of frequen-cy distributions, and quantitative estimates of their main parameters are made. The dynamics of general and state budget financing of NP in comparison with the number of employees in this area is considered. The change in the cost of creating one new workplace and one SME subject within the NP over time is analyzed; the dynamics of the number of employees per one SME subject is estimated. The structure of the distribution of financial resources of the NP between its constituent federal projects is studied. It is concluded that the national project is relevant for the country and its regions, and it is advisable to continue improving market management mechanisms and management for the successful development of SME. Proposals are formulated to supplement the list of NP indicators and to account for inflation, as well as to reduce discrepancies in information about the SME sector of the Russian Federation according to different sources.
Modeling of Automation Options for Administrative Business Processes of a Preschool Educational Institution
Authors:   ITMO University, Ovchinnikova A.I. , Maximova T.G. ,   ITMO University
Published: October 2021

Modeling the business processes of the organization is an integral part of the work to optimize the activities of the institution. In this paper a brief descriptive characteristic of the area under consideration is given and a list of processes to be automated is formed, which was identified based on the results of a study of the work of a preschool educational institution. The first process under study is the process of setting the tasks of the head to educators and other kindergarten workers and subsequent control over their implementation. The next process was the process of conduct-ing a survey of teachers in the framework of informal internal assessments of the institution using testing tools. These processes were modeled «As Is» to clarify the weaknesses of the solutions used, and then options for their optimization were proposed as part of the design of an information and methodological system for preschool institutions. The main purpose of such a system is to automate the informal administrative processes of the kindergarten. The result of the work is the modeled «To Be» business processes, which involve the use of modern information tools. The proposed solution can be used both within the framework of independent means and within the framework of separate modules of the information system.
The Agency of Journalists in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes: The Case of Ukraine During Yanukovich’s Presidency
Authors: Somfalvy Esther , Pleines Heiko
Published: October 2021

On the example of Ukraine during the Yanukovich presidency (2010–2014) this article explores which factors support journalists’ agency in relation to censorship pressure in a competitive authoritarian regime. It shows that a critical mass of journalists existed who reacted to censorship pressure with rejection. Based, first of all, on 31 semi-structured interviews, we examine the working conditions of prominent national journalists and analyse how they describe their role and motivations. We argue that the nature of competitive authoritarianism offers journalists opportunities for critical reporting, but that it is individual characteristics of journalists—including professional ethics, networks, and job mobility—which define whether and how the respective opportunities are used.
Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Smoking Recognition with Smartwatch and Smartphone Sensors
Authors: AKAN Yasemin , AĞAÇ Sümeyye , DURMAZ İNCEL Özlem
Published: October 2021

Smartwatches and smartphones are extensively used in human activity recognition, particularly for step counting and daily sports applications, thanks to the motion sensors integrated into these devices. Machine learning algorithms are often utilized to process sensor data and classify the activities. There are many studies that explore the use of traditional classification algorithms in activity recognition, however, recently, deep learning approaches are also receiving attention. In this paper, we use a dataset that particularly consists of smoking-related activities and explores the recognition performance of three deep learning architectures, namely Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM)}, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We evaluate their performances according to different hyperparameters, different sensor types and device types. The results show that the performance of LSTM is much higher than that of CNN and RNN. Moreover, the use of magnetometer and gyroscope together with accelerometer data improves the performance. Use of data from smartphone sensors also enhances the performance results and the final accuracy with the best parameter combinations is observed to be 98%.
Semantics of doubt and ways of its expression in modern Russian mass media texts
Authors: Xiaomeng Le
Published: October 2021

Modality was a logical concept originally, but it has become a linguistic concept now, which gets new interpretation and development in linguistics. It has experienced a dynamic development process from sentence modality to discourse modality. As the human factor in language has become the focus of linguistic research, the subjective factors embodied in language, namely subjective modality, have also received more attention and esearch.

The mass media is one of the main objects of modern linguistics research. Its rapid dissemination and development have provided a large number of fresh corpus and many new research topics for linguistics. Subjective modality is one of the essential properties of mass media. As an integral feature of media text, subjective modality expresses the author’s evaluation and attitude towards the content, conveys the author’s emotions, reflects the author’s thoughts and worldview, and it is a means of interaction between the author and the reader. It directly affects and determines the definition, classification and characteristics of mass media.

Doubt as an expression of personal attitude in the process of comprehending the facts and phenomena of reality is traditionally considered in the area of subjective modality and presented as one of the subjectivemodal meanings.

This article uses mainly the methods of interpretation and analysis to introduce the doubt as one of the author’s subjective modality in modern mass media. By analyzing “Explanatory Dictionary” by Morkovkina, “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: 80,000 Words and Phraseological Expressions” by Ozhegov and “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language” edited by D.N. Ushakova, we found that typical for expressing doubt is the use of indirect markers, namely: modal-doubtful particles, introductory-modal words, modal phrases. Based on variants of the semantics of doubt, described by I.G. Nikolskaia, using the text of modern Russian-language mass media as corpus, we have analyzed the typical contexts of expressing doubt in media texts, as well as its realization in modern Russian mass media texts.
Current approaches for the diagnosis, risk stratification and interventional treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes without st-segment elevation
Authors: Ardashev Andrey V. , Staferov Anton V. , Konev Alexey V. , Afonina Natalia S. , Negrun Natalia I. , Himii Orysya V. , Челомбитько Yekaterina G.
Published: October 2021

This article reviews current approaches to diagnosis and determination of the individual risk of patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. Guidelines for determining the choice of treatment strategy and the time slots for its implementation are discussed. We describe the technical features of the implementation of interventional treatment in this group of patients; the choice of methods of myocardial revascularization is discussed.
A Cultura Visual da Marujada: sentidos e significados das práticas culturais da juventude bragantina-pa: o Estado da Arte (2014-2018)
Authors: França Rita
Published: October 2021

ResumoEste estudo surgiu a partir das instigações havidas na disciplina de doutorado: Concepções e Procedimentos Metodológicos em Artes. Tem por objetivo mapear as produções acadêmicas que tangenciem nossa pesquisa. Os descritores sobre cultura visual, juventude e diversidade cultural, produzidas em Artes nas universidades federais e nos periódicos. A metodologia é de cunho qualitativo descritivo, estruturada por meio da revisão bibliográfica: Cultura visual com Hernández (2007); com Barbosa (2002, 2009) para o ensino de arte; está baseado nos estudos de análise de estado da arte com base em Ferreira (2002); Coelho, Santos e Silva (2014) e Müller (2015). Nossas fontes de investigação são oriundas do banco de teses e dissertações da Fundação Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Associação Nacional de Pesquisadores em Artes Plásticas – ANPAP, do – Congresso Nacional da Federação dos Arte/Educadores do Brasil-CONFAEB. Resultados iniciais: alguns trabalhos se convergem com a tese e outros divergem, principalmente, porque tratamos da cultura visual presente na prática cultural da marujada pela juventude bragantina e a sua reverberação na cultura da escola.AbstractThis study arose from the instigations in the doctoral discipline: Conceptions and Methodological Procedures in Arts. It aims to map the academic productions that touch our research. Descriptors on visual culture, youth and cultural diversity, produced in Arts at federal universities and in periodicals. The methodology is of a descriptive qualitative nature, structured through the bibliographic review: Visual culture with Hernández (2007); with Barbosa (2002, 2009) for teaching art, it is based on state of the art analysis studies based on Ferreira (2002); Coelho, Santos e Silva (2014) and Müller (2015). Our research sources come from the thesis and dissertation database of the Coordination Foundation for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), National Association of Researchers in Plastic Arts - ANPAP, of the - National Congress of the Federation of Art / Educators of Brazil-CONFAEB . Initial results: some works converge with the thesis and others diverge, mainly because we deal with the visual culture present in the cultural practice of marujada by Bragantine youth and its reverberation in the school culture.
Comportamento Verbal E RFT: Convergências e Divergências a partir do Contextualismo
Authors: De Oliveira e Silva Eduarda , Muchon de Melo Camila
Published: October 2021

A Teoria das Molduras Relacionais (RFT) é uma teoria relativamente recente na história da Análise do Comportamento, que se propôs a ampliar as proposições sobre a linguagem humana feitas por Skinner (1957) e Sidman (1971). Os proponentes da RFT, em suas publicações, costumam apontar a convergência de suas ideias com o Contextualismo Funcional. Em relação à teoria skinneriana, não há consenso a respeito, embora existam autores que defendem uma interpretação contextualista dela. O Contextualismo explorado por esses autores é o descrito pelo filósofo Stephen C. Pepper (1942). Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os compromissos teóricos e filosóficos da teoria do Comportamento Verbal e da RFT em relação ao Contextualismo, e a partir disso delinear convergências e divergências entre as duas últimas. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa teórico-conceitual, utilizando o procedimento de interpretação conceitual de texto (PICT). A partir da análise, pode-se perceber algumas semelhanças entre os compromissos filosóficos da teoria do Comportamento Verbal e da RFT. A principal semelhança que dá origem às outras é a questão do contexto. Ambas as teorias compartilham a noção de que o contexto ou ambiente não é apenas onde estão os determinantes do comportamento, mas também o que dá significado a ele. Como consequência dessa convergência, as concepções de comportamento operante, classe de respostas e significado são semelhantes. No entanto, a Teoria do Comportamento Verbal e a RFT têm várias diferenças na abordagem do comportamento operante, bem como no modelo explicativo para o comportamento verbal.Palavras-chave: Comportamentalismo Radical, Teoria das Molduras Relacionais, Pesquisa teórico-conceitual, B. F. Skinner, S. C. Hayes.
Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: Socio-demographic Factors, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in Southern Sri Lanka
Authors: Ambawatte Sathyajith Buddhika , Weerathunga Dulmini Nadeesha , Dissanayake Athula , Somaratne Surangi Chandhi , Athukorala Kanishka , Wijewickrama Piyumi Sachindra Alwis
Published: October 2021

Background: Stroke is a heterogeneous, catastrophic disease. A comprehensive clinical analysis of ischemic stroke (IS) risk factors and outcomes is crucial for optimum management in resource-poor settings.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study of acute cerebrovascular disease (ACVD) involving 592 patients was con­ducted in a tertiary care center in Sri Lanka from November 2018 to May 2019. We aimed to describe the ACVD subtypes and the relationship of IS subtypes and subtype-categories (as defined by the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project clinical clas­sification) with risk factors, severity, and outcome.Results: The majority (63.3%) had IS. Partial anterior circulation syndromes (PACS), total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS), posterior circulation syndromes (POCS), and lacunar syndromes (LACS) accounted for 102 (29.7%), 58 (16.9%), 88 (25.7%) and 95 (27.7%) of the cases, respectively. The most common PACS sub-category was higher-cerebral-dysfunction-with-homonymous-hemianopia (HCD+HH,39 cases;38.2%). Cerebellar-signs-without-long-tract-signs (CS-LTS) sub-category constituted the highest among POCS (47 cases; 53.4%). The leading sub-category within LACS was pure-motor (PM) strokes (43 cases; 45.3%).Patients aged ≥50 years (adjusted-OR [AOR]2.439; 95%CI,1.163-5.116;P=.018), IHD(AOR 2.520; 95%CI,1.347-4.713; P=.004) and BMI>23kg/m2(AOR 2.607; 95% CI,1.420-4.784; P=.002) were 2.5 times more likely to associate with TACS. Patients with a history of TIA (AOR 1.910; 95%CI,1.036-3.524; P=.038) and arrhyth­mias (AOR 5.933; 95%CI,3.294-10.684; P<.001) were 1.9 and 5.9 times more likely to be associated with POCS respectively. Those with hypertension were 2.3 times more likely to associate with LACS (AOR 2.233; 95%CI,1.270-3.926; P=.005).NIHSS(P<.001), mRS on admission (P=.001) and in 3 months (P<.001), deaths during hospital stay (P=.003) and within 28 days (P<.001) had a stronger relationship with individual stroke subtypes.Conclusion: The comparative risk of different IS subtypes depends on differ­ent risk factors. The findings of this study demonstrate that sub-categories within each stroke subtype may behave independently with regard to risk factors and outcomes, thus warranting the need for individual assessment. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(4):509-518; doi:10.18865/ed.31.4.509
Consent for Use of Genetic Data among US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos
Authors: Gonzalez Sara , Strizich Garrett , Isasi Carmen R. , Hua Simin , Comas Betsy , Sofer Tamar , Thyagarajan Bharat , Perreira Krista M. , Talavera Gregory A. , Daviglus Martha L. , Nelson Sarah C. , Giachello Aida L. , Schneiderman Neil , Kaplan Robert C.
Published: October 2021

Inclusion of historically underrepresented populations in biomedical research is critical for large precision medicine research initia­tives. Among 13,721 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) enrollees, we used multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios to describe characteristics associated with participants’ willingness to consent to different levels of biospecimen and genetic data analysis and sharing. At baseline (2008-2011), HCHS/SOL par­ticipants almost universally consented to the use of biospecimens and genetic data by study investigators and their collabora­tors (97.6%; 95%CI: 97.1, 98.0). Fewer consented to biospecimen and genetic data sharing with investigators not affiliated with the HCHS/SOL research team (81%, 95%CI: 80, 82) or any data sharing with commer­cial/for-profit entities (75%, 95%CI: 74, 76). Those refusing to share their data beyond the study investigators group were more often females, Spanish language-speakers and non-US born individuals. As expected, participants who were retained and recon­sented at the six-year follow up visit tended to embrace broader data sharing, although this varied by group. Over time, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans were more likely to convert to broader data sharing than individuals of a Mexican background. Our analysis suggests that acculturation and im­migration status of specific Hispanic/Latino communities may influence decisions about participation in genomic research projects and biobanks. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(4):547- 558; doi:10.18865/ed.31.4.547