bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The elongated neck of sauropodomorph dinosaurs evolved gradually
Authors: Damke Lísie V. S. , Bem Fabiula P. , Doering Mariana , Piovesan Tamara R. , Müller Rodrigo T.
Published: October 2022

Discoveries from South America have increased our knowledge on the early evolutionary history of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. The dietary shift from faunivorous to herbivorous creatures and the increasing body size are both widely documented in the fossil record. Conversely, the initial evolution of the elongated neck is poorly known. It is one of the most diagnostic features of Sauropodomorpha. There is a gap between the record of short‐necked sauropodomorphs from Carnian (±233 Ma) and long‐necked forms from early Norian (±225 Ma). As a consequence, it is unknown if the cervical vertebrae became long gradually or abruptly. In the present study, we present a new specimen excavated from strata that belong to this time interval (±228 Ma). CAPPA/UFSM 0352 comprises a series of five cervical vertebrae unearthed from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil. The vertebrae are proportionately longer than that of older forms and proportionately shorter than that of younger ones. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the elongation of the neck of sauropodomorphs is an example of gradual evolutionary process. Except by its elongated shape, the general anatomy of the cervical elements resembles that of the earliest forms (i.e., have a conservative anatomy). Combined with previous data, it is possible to conclude that the shape of the skull and teeth, as well as the neck proportions, were the first structures to clearly differ derived sauropodomorphs from early diverging forms. Finally, some of the recovered phylogenetic scenarios favor the origins of the elongated neck in the clade Bagualosauria.
Automated methods for image detection of cultural heritage: Overviews and perspectives
Authors: Câmara Ariele , de Almeida Ana , Caçador David , Oliveira João
Published: October 2022

Remote sensing data covering large geographical areas can be easily accessed and are being acquired with greater frequency. The massive volume of data requires an automated image analysis system. By taking advantage of the increasing availability of data using computer vision, we can design specific systems to automate data analysis and detection of archaeological objects. In the past decade, there has been a rise in the use of automated methods to assist in the identification of archaeological sites in remote sensing imagery. These applications offer an important contribution to non‐intrusive archaeological exploration, helping to reduce the traditional human workload and time by signalling areas with a higher probability of presenting archaeological sites for exploration. This survey describes the state of the art of existing automated image analysis methods in archaeology and highlights the improvements thus achieved in the detection of archaeological monuments and areas of interest in landscape‐scale satellite and aerial imagery. It also presents a discussion of the benefits and limitations of automatic detection of archaeological structures, proposing new approaches and possibilities.
Bewertung neuer Betonrezepturen anhand der Druckfestigkeit und der Treibhausgasreduzierung im Herstellprozess
Authors: Hertel Mareile , Rempel Sergej
Published: October 2022

Die Herstellung von Betonbauteilen muss zum Schutze des Klimas nachhaltiger werden. Ein Ansatz ist die grundlegende Veränderung der Betonrezepturen in ihren Ausgangsstoffen und Massenanteilen. Diese sind so zu verändern, dass der Einsatz primärer Rohstoffe signifikant reduziert wird, ohne die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Betons nachteilig zu verändern respektive zu verbessern. Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit aktuellen internationalen Forschungsergebnissen zu nachhaltigen, kreislaufoptimierten Betonmischungsrezepturen und deren erzielten 28‐Tage‐Druckfestigkeitswerten. Diese wurden mithilfe eines Analysemodells über die empirischen Druckfestigkeitswerte der Rezepturen und deren mögliche CO2‐Einsparung im Herstellungsprozess bewertet. Die Veränderung des Treibhauspotenzials basiert auf einer reduzierten Sachbilanzstudie der Stoffströme. Die Auswertung der verfügbaren Daten ergab, dass insbesondere durch den Einsatz industrieller Abfall‐ und Nebenprodukte in Beton, wie Kupferschlacke, keramische oder Gießereiabfälle sowie Steinschlammpulver, ein nachhaltiges Ergebnis erzielt werden kann. Bei Verwendung dieser Produkte konnte sowohl eine rechnerische Einsparung des Kohlenstoffdioxidausstoßes als auch eine Zunahme der 28‐Tage‐Druckfestigkeit gegenüber der Vergleichsprobe erzielt werden.
Rectangular tolerance regions and multivariate normal reference regions in laboratory medicine
Authors: Lucagbo Michael Daniel , Mathew Thomas
Published: October 2022

Reference intervals are widely used in the interpretation of results of biochemical and physiological tests of patients. When there are multiple biochemical analytes measured from each subject, a multivariate reference region is needed. Because of their greater specificity against false positives, such reference regions are more desirable than separate univariate reference intervals that disregard the cross‐correlations between variables. Traditionally, under multivariate normality, reference regions have been constructed as ellipsoidal regions. This approach suffers from a major drawback: it cannot detect component‐wise extreme observations. In the present work, procedures are developed to construct rectangular reference regions in the multivariate normal setup. The construction is based on the criteria for tolerance intervals. The problems addressed include the computation of a rectangular tolerance region and simultaneous tolerance intervals. Also addressed is the computation of mixed reference intervals that include both two‐sided and one‐sided limits, simultaneously. A parametric bootstrap approach is used in the computations, and the accuracy of the proposed methodology is assessed using estimated coverage probabilities. The problem of sample size determination is also addressed, and the results are illustrated using examples that call for the computation of reference regions.
Gender differences in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary interventions: Insights from the PROGRESS‐CTO registry
Authors: Kostantinis Spyridon , Simsek Bahadir , Karacsonyi Judit , Alaswad Khaldoon , Basir Mir B. , Megaly Michael , Gorgulu Sevket , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Davies Rhian E. , Benton Stewart M. , Khatri Jaikirshan J. , ElGuindy Ahmed M. , Goktekin Omer , Abi Rafeh Nidal , Allana Salman , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Prasad Megha
Published: October 2022

Background

There are limited data describing gender differences in patients undergoing chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Methods

We compared baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics and procedural outcomes between men and women among 9457 CTO PCIs performed at 38 centers between 2012 and 2022.

Results

A total of 7687 (81%) men and 1770 (19%) women were treated. Women were older, more likely to have comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension and peripheral arterial disease, and had higher left ventricular ejection fraction. The most common CTO target vessel was the right coronary artery for both men (53%) and women (52%), although the left anterior descending artery was more frequently the target vessel among women (31% vs. 25%; p < 0.001). The J‐CTO score (2.4 ± 1.3 vs. 2.2 ± 1.2; p < 0.001) as well as the PROGRESS‐CTO score (1.3 ± 1.0 vs. 1.1 ± 1.0; p < 0.001) were higher among men. In female patients, antegrade wiring was more frequently the initial crossing strategy (87.6% vs. 82.4%; p < 0.001) and was more successful in crossing the target lesion (62.7% vs. 54.0%; p < 0.001) compared with men. Interventions in men required longer procedure time and fluoroscopy time, as well as higher air kerma radiation dose and contrast volume when compared to women. Technical (89% vs. 86%; p < 0.001) and procedural (87% vs. 84%; p = 0.003) success rates were higher among women. In‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were also higher in women (2.9% vs. 1.8%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Women undergoing CTO PCI had higher technical and procedural success rates, but also higher in‐hospital MACE compared with men.
Phosphorescent Bimetallic C^C* Platinum(ii) Complexes with Bridging Substituted Diphenylformamidinates
Authors: Stipurin Sergej , Strassner Thomas
Published: October 2022

A series of phosphorescent bimetallic platinum(II) complexes is presented, which were synthesized by the combination of bidentate cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands and different bridging diphenylformamidinates. The complexes were characterized by standard techniques and additionally two solid‐state structures could be obtained. Photoluminescence measurements revealed the strong emissive behavior of the compounds with quantum yields of up to 90 % and emission lifetimes of approx. 2 μs. The effect of the substitution pattern in the bridging ligands on the structural and photophysical properties of the complexes was examined in detail and rationalized by density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6‐311G*).
Going Viral: An Investigation into the Chameleonic Behaviour of Antiviral Compounds
Authors: Wieske Lianne H. E. , Atilaw Yoseph , Poongavanam Vasanthanathan , Erdélyi Máté , Kihlberg Jan
Published: October 2022

The ability to adjust conformations in response to the polarity of the environment, i.e. molecular chameleonicity, is considered to be important for conferring both high aqueous solubility and high cell permeability to drugs in chemical space beyond Lipinski's rule of 5. We determined the conformational ensembles populated by the antiviral drugs asunaprevir, simeprevir, atazanavir and daclatasvir in polar (DMSO‐d6) and non‐polar (chloroform) environments with NMR spectroscopy. Daclatasvir was fairly rigid, whereas the first three showed large flexibility in both environments, that translated into major differences in solvent accessible 3D polar surface area within each conformational ensemble. No significant differences in size and polar surface area were observed between the DMSO‐d6 and chloroform ensembles of these three drugs. We propose that such flexible compounds are characterized as “partial molecular chameleons” and hypothesize that their ability to adopt conformations with low polar surface area contributes to their membrane permeability and oral absorption.
Improved Energy Efficiency of Power‐to‐X Processes Using Heat Pumps Towards Mobility Sector Defossilization
Authors: Mantei Franz , Kraume Matthias , Salem Ouda
Published: October 2022

Combining Power‐to‐X (PtX) processes with high temperature heat pumps (HTHP) can significantly increase their energy efficiency. Evaluating the example of oxymethylene ethers (OME) production from H2 via H2O electrolysis and captured CO2 from air shows that by upgrading waste heat streams using HTHP, a process overall energy efficiency of higher than 61 % can be achieved compared to 30 % in conventional integrated processes. Thereby, the waste heat stream from H2O electrolysis already covers the low temperature heat demand for CO2 capture via direct air capture, not only for OME but also for various PtX products. Importantly, a significant lever for the energy efficiency enhancement is the consideration of other low temperature heat‐demanding sectors. High overall process energy efficiencies and the electrification of the industry are key aspects towards a sustainable mobility sector.
Formulation of Nanostructured Heteroaggregates by Fluidization Technologies
Authors: Men Jialin , Kolan Subash Reddy , Massomi Ali , Hoffmann Torsten , Schmidt Jochen , Tsotsas Evangelos , Bück Andreas
Published: October 2022

Nanostructured heteroaggregates provide improved or new functionalities over homoaggregates due to the formation of heterocontacts. For a high number of heterocontacts, intense mixing of the primary particles and their reaggregation is required. This work presents results using the principle of fluidization for formulation of nanostructured heteroaggregates. Intraaggregate mixing of constituents is evaluated by SEM‐EDX. The feasibility of two technologies, spouted bed and opposed jet fluidized bed, is demonstrated, also showing the variety of structures that can be achieved by the technologies.
A Strategic Approach to the Management of Single‐Use Technology
Authors: Schmidhalter Diego R. , Schmidt Aaron C. , Beck Stefanie , Morgenstern‐Egli Sandrine A.
Published: October 2022

Single‐use technology (SUT), a blessing or a curse? A blessing, because of its flexibility and capacity to significantly accelerate construction and commissioning of new facilities, as shown for mRNA vaccines during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Or a curse, because of the many challenges of managing single‐use assemblies within a company, the substantially increased supplier dependency, and opposing business interests of suppliers and end users. In this paper, the authors share an integrated strategic approach that addresses the issues that affect the business‐success of end users.
A simplified molecular method to detect high‐risk HPV using the Aptima HPV assay on head and neck FNA smears
Authors: Gormley Joseph P. , Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Rehrauer William M. , Kucher Erek T.
Published: October 2022

Background

Fine‐needle aspiration is used as a diagnostic tool in head and neck oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its metastases. Prognosis and treatment rely on the presence or absence of the human papilloma virus. The purpose of this study was to validate the performance of the Aptima HPV assay using Hema‐Diff stained fine‐needle aspiration smears in the diagnosis of human papilloma virus‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma using a simplified method to obtain tumor cells for testing.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and positive p16 immunohistochemical staining were identified. Aptima Specimen Transport Media was used to remove tumor cells from the Hema‐Diff stained slides using a moistened swab. The selected cells were tested for high risk‐human papilloma virus using the Aptima HPV assay and Aptima HPV 16 18/45 genotype assay. The results were compared with the p16 immunohistochemical staining of the related cell block and surgical specimens.

Results

Twenty‐one of the 21 (100%) p16‐positive cases were found to be positive for high risk‐human papilloma virus, whereas 20 of 21 (95%) negative cases were found to be negative for high risk‐human papilloma virus using the Aptima HPV assay.

Conclusion

The Aptima HPV assay can be used to detect high‐risk human papilloma virus in Hema‐Diff stained fine‐needle aspiration smears of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 95%. This provides a valuable alternative to p16 immunohistochemical staining of cell block sections that often lack appropriate numbers of tumor cells.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Doses of PF‐07304814, a Phosphate Prodrug Protease Inhibitor for the Treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2, in Healthy Adult Participants
Authors: Zhu Tong , Pawlak Sylvester , Toussi Sima S. , Hackman Frances , Thompson Kimberly , Song Wei , Salageanu Joanne , Winter Erica , Shi Haihong , Winton Jennifer , Binks Michael
Published: October 2022

Studies on targeted antivirals for treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the cause of the ongoing pandemic, are limited. PF‐07304814 (lufotrelvir) is the phosphate prodrug of PF‐00835231, a protease inhibitor targeting the 3C‐like protease of SARS‐CoV‐2. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of single ascending intravenous doses of lufotrelvir (continuous 24‐hour infusion of 50, 150, 500, or 700 mg) versus placebo in healthy volunteers (2 interleaving cohorts: 1, n = 8; 2, n = 7). Each dosing period was separated by a washout interval (≥5 days). Treatment‐emergent adverse events, PK, and biomarker concentrations were estimated from plasma/urine samples. Lufotrelvir was administered to 15 volunteers (mean [SD] age 39.7 [11.8] years). No serious adverse events, discontinuations, or deaths were reported. Mean maximum observed concentration of PF‐00835231 (active moiety; 97.0 ng/mL to 1288 ng/mL) were observed between median time to maximum concentration of 14 to 16 hours after the start of the lufotrelvir infusion. Near‐maximum plasma concentrations of PF‐00835231 were observed ≈6 hours after infusion start and sustained until infusion end. PF‐00835231 plasma concentrations declined rapidly after infusion end (mean terminal half‐life: 500 mg, 2.0 hours; 700 mg, 1.7 hours). Approximately 9%–11% of the dose was recovered in urine as PF‐00835231 across doses. A continuous, single‐dose, 24‐hour infusion of lufotrelvir (50–700 mg) was rapidly converted to PF‐00835231 (active moiety), with dose‐proportional PK exposures and no significant safety concerns. A daily, 24‐hour continuous infusion of 270 to 350 mg is expected to maintain PF‐00835231 concentration at steady state/above effective antiviral concentrations. Further studies exploring lufotrelvir efficacy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 are ongoing.
Kibria‐Lukmantype estimator for gamma regression model
Authors: Shewa Gladys Amos , Ugwuowo Fidelis Ifeayi
Published: October 2022

The gamma regression model explores the relationship between a skewed response variable and one or more independent variables. The method of maximum likelihood is popularly adopted to model the relationship. However, the method performance drops when linear dependency exists among the predictors (multicollinearity). In this article, we develop a new method to account for multicollinearity in gamma regression model. The proposed estimator theoretically dominates the existing estimators. The simulation studies and real‐life application supports the theoretical findings.
Multiplexed Single‐Nucleus RNA Sequencing Using Lipid‐Oligo Barcodes
Authors: Zhang Qi , Kim Seong Won , Gorham Joshua M. , DeLaughter Daniel M. , Ward Tarsha , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman Jonathan G.
Published: October 2022

This protocol describes a robust pipeline for simultaneously analyzing multiple samples by single‐nucleus (sn)RNA‐seq. cDNA obtained from each single sample are labeled with the same lipid‐coupled oligonucleotide barcode (10X Genomics). Nuclei from as many as 12 individual samples can be pooled together and simultaneously processed for cDNA library construction and subsequent DNA sequencing. While previous protocols using lipid‐coupled oligonucleotide barcodes were optimized for analysis of samples consisting of viable cells, this protocol is optimized for analyses of quick‐frozen cell samples. The protocol ensures efficient recovery of nuclei both by incorporating high sucrose buffered solutions and by including a tracking dye (trypan blue) during nuclei isolation. The protocol also describes a procedure for removing single nuclei ‘artifacts’ by removing cell debris prior to single nuclear fractionation. This protocol informs the use of computational tools for filtering poorly labeled nuclei and assigning sample identity using barcode unique molecular identifier (UMI) read counts percentages. The computational pipeline is applicable to either cultured or primary, fresh or frozen cells, regardless of their cell types and species. Overall, this protocol reduces batch effects and experimental costs while enhancing sample comparison. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Labeling cells with lipid oligo barcodes and generating multiplexed single‐nucleus RNA‐seq libraries

Basic Protocol 2: Bioinformatic deconvolution of the multiplexed snRNAseq libraries
Exploring Epigenomic Datasets by ChIPseeker
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Li Ming , Wu Tianzhi , Zhan Li , Li Lin , Chen Meijun , Xie Wenqin , Xie Zijing , Hu Erqiang , Xu Shuangbin , Yu Guangchuang
Published: October 2022

In many aspects of life, epigenetics, or the altering of phenotype without changes in sequences, play an essential role in biological function. A vast number of epigenomic datasets are emerging as a result of the advent of next‐generation sequencing. Annotation, comparison, visualization, and interpretation of epigenomic datasets remain key aspects of computational biology. ChIPseeker is a Bioconductor package for performing these analyses among variable epigenomic datasets. The fundamental functions of ChIPseeker, including data preparation, annotation, comparison, and visualization, are explained in this article. ChIPseeker is a freely available open‐source package that may be found at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/ChIPseeker. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: ChIPseeker and epigenomic dataset preparation

Basic Protocol 2: Annotation of epigenomic datasets

Basic Protocol 3: Comparison of epigenomic datasets

Basic Protocol 4: Visualization of annotated results

Basic Protocol 5: Functional analysis of epigenomic datasets

Basic Protocol 6: Genome‐wide and locus‐specific distribution of epigenomic datasets

Basic Protocol 7: Heatmaps and metaplots of epigenomic datasets
Making spaces for collaborative action and learning: Reflections on teacher‐led decolonising initiatives from a professional learning network in England
Authors: Glowach Terra , Mitchell Rafael , Bennett Tryphosa , Donaldson Lydia , Jefferson Jo , Panford Lisa , Saleh Amy , Smee Kate , Wells‐Dion Bathsheba , Hemmings Evie
Published: October 2022

This article draws on the experiences of teachers and teacher educators within the “Bristol Decolonising Network”, an informal professional learning network based in South West England, to share examples of teacher‐led decolonising/antiracist initiatives. The seven vignettes presented cover a range of subject areas across the English Secondary school curriculum, with varying rationales, foci, forms and intended outcomes. For this Special Issue, we look across these cases to consider links between teacher‐led decolonising and antiracist initiatives and professional learning. We suggest that professional learning is both a condition for, and outcome of, teachers' engagement in such work; and that extending collaboration beyond hierarchical and institutional boundaries is a key enabler for progress on this agenda.
High‐content video flow cytometry with digital cell filtering for label‐free cell classification by machine learning
Authors: Liu Chao , Wang Zhuo , Jia Junkun , Liu Qiao , Su Xuantao
Published: October 2022

Recent development of imaging flow cytometry (IFC) has enabled the measurements of single cells with high throughput, where fluorescent labels provide specificity for cellular diagnosis. The fluorescent labels may disturb the cell functions, and the requirements for high‐throughput measurements limit the cell image quality. Here, we develop the high‐content video flow cytometry (VFC) that measures unlabeled single cells with a rate of approximately 1000 cells per minute. For the obtained big data, the frame of interest (FOI) is automatically prepared by a digital cell filtering technique with machine learning. Cervical carcinoma cell lines (Caski, HeLa and C33‐A cells) are differentiated with an accuracy of 91.5%, 90.5%, and 90.5% by deep learning in a three‐way classification, respectively. The high‐content VFC not only provides high‐quality images of single cells with high throughput and rewinding, but also performs automatic digital cell filtering and label‐free cell classification that may have clinical applications.
Pals1a and aPKCλ are not essential for Schwann cell migration, division or myelination in zebrafish
Authors: Boueid Marie‐José , Mikdache Aya , Lesport Emilie , Delespierre Brigitte , Loisel‐Duwattez Julien , Degerny Cindy , Tawk Marcel
Published: October 2022

Background

Schwann cells (SCs) are specialized glial cells of the peripheral nervous system that produce myelin and promote fast action potential propagation. In order to myelinate, SCs engage in a series of events that include migration and division along axons, followed by extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements that ensure axonal ensheathment and myelination. SCs are polarized and extend their processes along an abaxonal‐adaxonal axis. Here, we investigate the role of the apical polarity proteins, Pals1a, and aPKCλ, in SC behavior during zebrafish development.

Results

We analyzed zebrafish nok and has mutants deficient for pals1a and aPKCλ function respectively. Using live imaging, transmission electron microscopy and whole mount immunostaining, we show that SCs can migrate and divide appropriately, exhibit normal radial sorting, express myelin markers and ensheath axons on time in has and nok mutants.

Conclusions

Pals1a and aPKCλ are not essential for SC migration, division or myelination in zebrafish.
Zebrafish Galectin 3 binding protein is the target antigen of the microglial 4C4 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Rovira Mireia , Miserocchi Magali , Montanari Alice , Hammou Latifa , Chomette Laura , Pozo Jennifer , Imbault Virginie , Bisteau Xavier , Wittamer Valérie
Published: October 2022

Background

Two decades ago, the fish‐specific monoclonal antibody 4C4 was found to be highly reactive to zebrafish microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system. This has resulted in 4C4 being widely used, in combination with available fluorescent transgenic reporters to identify and isolate microglia. However, the target protein of 4C4 remains unidentified, which represents a major caveat. In addition, whether the 4C4 expression pattern is strictly restricted to microglial cells in zebrafish has never been investigated.

Results

Having demonstrated that 4C4 is able to capture its native antigen from adult brain lysates, we used immunoprecipitation/mass‐spectrometry, coupled to recombinant expression analyses, to identify its target. The cognate antigen was found to be a paralog of Galectin 3 binding protein (Lgals3bpb), known as MAC2‐binding protein in mammals. Notably, 4C4 did not recognize other paralogs, demonstrating specificity. Moreover, our data show that Lgals3bpb expression, while ubiquitous in microglia, also identifies leukocytes in the periphery, including populations of gut and liver macrophages.

Conclusions

The 4C4 monoclonal antibody recognizes Lgals3bpb, a predicted highly glycosylated protein whose function in the microglial lineage is currently unknown. Identification of Lgals3bpb as a new pan‐microglia marker will be fundamental in forthcoming studies using the zebrafish model.
Using successional drivers to understand spatiotemporal dynamics in intertidal mudflat communities
Authors: Norris Gregory S. , Gerwing Travis G. , Hamilton Diana J. , Barbeau Myriam A.
Published: October 2022

Elucidating factors (“drivers”) that influence succession after disturbance can explain ecological phenomena, including why communities vary spatiotemporally. To gain insight on drivers related to habitat availability, species availability, and species performance during succession, we conducted two field experiments on infaunal communities in intertidal mudflats, one on each of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada, that had disturbances of different type, size, and frequency. Related to habitat availability drivers, we observed that disturbance type and size, which differed between experiments, did not change end patterns of succession; however, disturbance frequency, directly assessed in one experiment, did. Dispersal of species from surrounding mudflat and water column (species availability) was the primary driver of succession, whereas local interactions between species after colonization (species performance drivers) did not have a detectable effect. We suggested that ample space and resources diffused competition and predation effects, and so species replacements did not occur in our systems, resulting in a lack of “traditional” successional dynamics as observed in other ecosystems. Our findings that community composition in intertidal mudflats is strongly influenced by species availability on two different coasts suggest that this driver may be key to variation in intertidal mudflat communities elsewhere.
The thioredoxin system: Balancing redox responses in immune cells and tumors
Authors: Muri Jonathan , Kopf Manfred
Published: October 2022

The thioredoxin (TRX) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and regulates cell growth, apoptosis, gene expression, and antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, can lead to cell death and tissue damage, thereby contributing to aging and to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular and allergic diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Targeting its activity is also considered as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Over the past years, immunologists have established an essential function of TRX for activation, proliferation, and responses in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon activation, immune cells rearrange their redox system and activate the TRX pathway to promote proliferation through sustainment of nucleotide biosynthesis, and to support inflammatory responses in myeloid cells by allowing NF‐κB and NLRP3 inflammasome responses. Consequently, targeting the TRX system may therapeutically be exploited to inhibit immune responses in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize recent insights revealing key roles of the TRX pathway in immune cells in health and disease, and lessons learnt for cancer therapy.
Dithienylethene‐Containing Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes with Tunable Photochromic and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Fung Tony Ho‐Ching , Ng Maggie , Wu Nathan Man‐Wai , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: October 2022

A series of cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with a dithienylethene‐containing N^C and an ancillary O^O ligand have been synthesized and characterized. All the complexes, [Pt(thpy‐DTE)(dtpd)] (1), [Pt(CF3‐thpy‐DTE)(dtpd)] (2) and [Pt(Me‐thpy‐DTE)(dtpd)] (3), exhibit photochromism that can be triggered by photoexcitation at 420 nm into the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT)/intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) band at the visible region, which is accompanied with colour changes from yellow to green, as well as the quenching of red phosphorescence originated from the emissive triplet intraligand (3IL) excited state. The photophysical and photochromic properties can be readily tuned by varying the ligands. Moreover, the fatigue resistance and thermal irreversibility of this series of complexes have also been demonstrated by the representative complex 1 with persistence of the photochromic activity after six photoswitching cycles and a thermal decay half‐live of 4.8 days even at 308 K.
Synthesis of 3‐Oxatricyclo[7.2.0.01,5]undeca‐7,10‐dienes through Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions of Alkenes to 1,8 a‐Position of Naphthalene Ring
Authors: Maeda Hajime , Kubo Yuta , Nakashima Ryota , Mizuno Kazuhiko , Furuyama Taniyuki , Segi Masahito
Published: October 2022

Benzene solutions of 1‐(5‐aryl‐2‐oxapent‐4‐enyl)‐2‐cyanonaphthalenes 6 were irradiated with a high‐pressure mercury lamp for 20 h to give 3‐oxatricyclo[7.2.0.01,5]undecadienes 7 in good yields. In all cases, the trans isomer was preferentially obtained. Sensitization and quenching experiments showed that the reaction proceeds via an excited singlet state. When a dichloromethane solution of 6 was irradiated for only 1 h, an eight‐membered ring compound 8 was obtained as an intermediate. When the obtained 8 was irradiated, the final product 7 was produced. The long wavelength absorption of 6 originates from the 2‐cyanonaphthalene chromophore, indicating that the reaction is initiated by photoexcitation of the naphthalene ring. In addition, the fluorescence of 6 was intramolecularly quenched, and a weak intramolecular exciplex emission was observed at 400–550 nm. In this reaction, after photoexcitation of 6, a [2+2] photocycloadduct is formed at the 1,8a‐position of the naphthalene ring via an intramolecular singlet exciplex, followed by thermal ring‐opening and 4π disrotatory ring‐closure leads to 7.
Migraine in university students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flynn Orla , Fullen Brona M. , Blake Catherine
Published: October 2022

Background

Migraine is a complex, neurobiological disorder usually presenting as a unilateral, moderate to severe headache accompanied by sensory disturbances. Migraine prevalence has risen globally, affecting 14% of individuals and 16% of students and carries many negative impacts in both cohorts. With no recent meta‐analysis of global migraine prevalence or associated factors in students, this systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted.

Databases and data treatment

The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020167927). Electronic databases (n = 12) were searched for cross‐sectional studies (1988 to August 2021, IHS criteria). Ninety‐two articles were meta‐analysed and 103 were narratively reviewed. The risk of bias was assessed using an established tool.

Results

The risk of bias ranged from low to moderate. Migraine pooled prevalence (R‐Studio) was demonstrated at 19% (95% CI, 16%–22%,p < 0.001, I^2 98%): females 23% (95% CI, 19%–27%,p < 0.001), males 12% (95% CI, 9%–15%,p < 0.001). Gender (p < 0.0001), geographical region (p = 0.01), migraine types (p = 0.0002) and prevalence timeframes (p = 0.02) may be influencing the substantial heterogeneity. Migraine triggers were primarily behavioural and environmental and treatments were predominantly pharmaceutical. Impacts ranged from academic performance impairment to psychological co‐morbidities.

Conclusions

This study offers the most comprehensive overview of migraine prevalence and associated factors in university students. Migraine prevalence in university students has increased and has many negative effects. Enhancing migraine recognition and management at university may have positive implications for an improved educational experience, as well as for the burden migraine currently incurs, both in university and beyond.

Significance

This global systematic review and meta‐analysis of 92 studies and narrative review of 103 studies provide the most comprehensive synthesis to date of migraine prevalence and associated factors in university students. Pooled prevalence has increased to 19%. The significant heterogeneity demonstrated is influenced by gender, geographical region, migraine type and prevalence timeframes. Students manage migraines primarily with pharmaceuticals. Further studies conducted in low and middle‐income countries, following headache protocols and reporting frequency of treatment‐seeking and medication usage are warranted.
Experiencing Buddhist practices promotes nonbelievers’ preference for future rewards in intertemporal choices
Authors: Wang Ziyi , Chen Cheng , Mo Jian , Lu Fan , Ma Jiatao , Chen Chuansheng , He Guibing
Published: October 2022

Religious individuals often prefer future rewards more in intertemporal decision‐making than nonreligious individuals, but the reasons behind this preference remain under‐investigated. Focusing on decision‐making in Buddhist culture, the current study aimed to examine three potential mechanisms: Buddhist practices, self‐control and belief in future‐oriented concepts. In five studies, we consistently found that nonbelievers’ preference ratings for Larger and Later (LL) options increased after visiting a temple (Study 1, n = 99) or participating in Buddha name chanting (Studies 2–5, n = 314). We also found in Studies 3 and 4 that this effect was mediated by the individual's level of self‐control, but no evidence was found to support the mediation of belief in future‐oriented concepts. These results contribute to the work attesting to the effect of religious practices on individuals (especially nonbelievers). They also provide a mechanism (self‐control) for the positive correlation between individuals’ religiousness and preference for future rewards in intertemporal decision‐making.
The fear of confession? High Catholic collective narcissism and low secure identification with Catholics predict increased pedophilia myth acceptance
Authors: Marchlewska Marta , Górska Paulina , Molenda Zuzanna , Lipowska Katarzyna , Malinowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

Over the past 30 years, the Catholic Church has been rocked by a series of child sexual abuse scandals worldwide. Some of the religious officials suggested that the children are partly to blame for being sexually abused by priests. We assumed that such convictions (i.e., pedophilia myth acceptance) should be associated with a defensive commitment to one's religious group, captured by religious collective narcissism. In two studies conducted among Polish participants (Study 1, longitudinal, n = 719; Study 2, cross‐sectional, n = 357), we found that pedophilia myth acceptance was positively predicted by Catholic narcissism but negatively by secure identification with Catholics. We additionally demonstrated that the effect of Catholic narcissism on pedophilia myth acceptance was mediated by a siege mentality with respect to the religious in‐group. We discuss the role of different types of group commitment in predicting in‐group criticism and prejudice against underaged victims of sexual abuse.
Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Electrochemical Performance of ZnWO4 Nanosheets Array
Authors: Mi Yuanmei , He Geping , Liu Zechang , Yang Fan , Wang Wenxuan , Huang Pengcheng , Xu Yingqi
Published: October 2022

At present, supercapacitors have become efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. Electrode materials and electrolyte concentration are important factors affecting the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. Among the transition metal oxide electrode materials, ZnWO4 has become a promising electrode material for supercapacitors due to its excellent electrochemical performance, but it is still limited by its low energy density. Therefore, the design and development of electrode materials with special structures and the exploration of appropriate electrolyte concentrations have important practical significance for improving the electrochemical performance of ZnWO4‐based supercapacitors. Herein, ZnWO4 nanomaterials with a nanosheets array structure are prepared by a hydrothermal method, and the effect of different KOH electrolyte concentrations on their electrochemical properties is explored for the first time. It is found that when KOH is 6 M, ZnWO4 nanosheets array has the highest specific capacitance (660.72 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and energy density of 99.93 Wh g−1 (ΔV:0–0.55 V). In this article, the influence of different electrolyte concentrations on the electrochemical properties is revealed and the mechanism is clarified, which provides a reference for the further development of ZnWO4 nanomaterials.
Effects of accumulator plant species straw on the cadmium and nutrient uptake of potato
Authors: Tang Yunchuan , Yang Mingqi , Chen Tao , Feng Yan , Chun Jun , Zhang Qingpei
Published: October 2022

The farmland soil contaminated by the cadmium (Cd) has affected the safe production of potato. In this study, the sprouted potato tubers were planted in the artificially prepared Cd‐contaminated soil, and the straws of Cd‐accumulator species (Malachium aquaticum, Conyza canadensis, Galium aparine, and Nasturtium officinale) were mulched on the soil surface to study the effects of Cd‐accumulator plant straw on the Cd accumulation and nutrient uptake of potato. The straws of M. aquaticum and N. officinale increased the biomass. Specifically, the straw of N. officinale increased the root, tuber, stem, and leaf biomass by 51.2%, 28.5%, 85.4%, and 123%, respectively, compared with the control. The straws of M. aquaticum and N. officinale increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments. The straws of accumulator plant species increased the peroxidase activity, while the straws of M. aquaticum, C. canadensis, and N. officinale decreased the superoxide dismutase activity. Meanwhile, only the straws of G. aparine and N. officinale increased the catalase activity. Regarding the nutrient uptake, only the straw of M. aquaticum increased the phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents in both tuber and aboveground parts. In terms of the Cd content, only the straw of N. officinale decreased the Cd contents in various organs, while the straws of other accumulator species increased the Cd content to some extent. These results indicate that the straw of N. officinale can promote the growth and reduce the Cd uptake of potato, and should, therefore, be used in the potato cultivation in the Cd‐contaminated farmland soil areas.
Two‐timescale optimization approach for coordinated multi‐point design in unmanned aerial vehicle‐assisted cellular networks
Authors: Abdelhakam Mostafa M. , Elmesalawy Mahmoud M. , Ibrahim Ibrahim I. , Sayed Samir G.
Published: October 2022

Thanks to their mobility, flexibility, and adaptive altitude, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been admitted for several applications in wireless communication systems. In particular, UAVs can function as aerial base stations (BSs) to increase cellular network capacity and provide persistent coverage. Due to the line‐of‐sight channels between UAVs and user equipments (UEs), strong co‐channel interference may be generated in the network. In this article, a joint transmission coordinated multi‐point technique is considered in the downlink cellular network to effectively manage the interference brought by UAVs. A two‐timescale optimization approach is proposed to prevent exchanging absurd messages and channel information between the transmission points. The objective of the proposed method is to maximize the sum rate of the network subject to the constraints on UEs' quality of service as well as per‐ground BS and per‐UAV total transmitted power. The proposed approach is decomposed into long‐term and short‐term problems. The long‐term problem aims to jointly optimize the UEs' clusters, the UAVs' locations, and the initial transmit beamforming vectors based on large‐scale channel gain. This problem is a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming optimization problem, which is nondeterministic polynomial hard. Meanwhile, the short‐term problem requires obtaining the transmit beamforming vectors according to the overall channel vector. This problem is also a non‐convex optimization problem. To address these challenges, two algorithms are proposed based on difference of convex functions programming and successive convex approximation technique to deal with these two problems. Extensive simulations show that the performance of the proposed approach outperforms the comparable algorithms.
Comparing international dementia research priorities—Systematic review
Authors: Logan Monica , Leitch Stephanie , Bosakh Zainab , Beishon Lucy , Quinn Terence J.
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Research priority setting aims to collate stakeholder opinion to determine the most pressing research questions. Priority setting exercises influence decisions around research funding, development and policy. We compared published dementia research priority setting exercises from international healthcare systems.

Methods

Four multidisciplinary, international, electronic databases were searched for relevant studies (2010 until 2021). Priorities were extracted, coded and assigned to categories using thematic analysis. The Nine Common Themes of Good Practice (9CTGP) and the Reporting guideline for priority setting of health research (REPRISE) checklists were used to assess methodological and reporting quality respectively.

Results

From 265 titles, 10 priority setting exercises (1179 participants, 147 priorities) were included. Studies spanned four continents and the majority included people living with dementia and their care‐givers in the priority setting process (68%). Only one paper met all the best practice indicators. Issues around inclusiveness, implementation and evaluation of the priorities were apparent in nine papers. We categorised priorities under eight themes: caregivers (25%, n = 37), support (24%, n = 35), awareness and education (16%, n = 24), drugs and interventions (14%, n = 21), diagnosis (8%, n = 12), pathology (6%, n = 9), research design (5%, n = 7), and prevention (1%, n = 2). Priorities varied by geographical region, with awareness and education of higher priority in low‐middle income countries, compared to caregivers and support in high income countries.

Conclusions

Key priorities were identified with some commonality around themes considered of greatest importance. There is scope to improve the process and reporting of priority setting. Priorities differed according to contextual factors and so, priorities specific to one healthcare setting may not be applicable to others.
The mechanics of diurnal thermal stratification in river pools: Implications for water management and species conservation
Authors: Buxton Todd H. , Lai Yong G. , Som Nicholas A. , Peterson Eric , Abban Ben
Published: October 2022

We examined conditions that form or prevent thermal stratification in river pools using field measurements, statistical modelling, and three‐dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. Our motivation is to identify variables that control stratification for exploitation to enhance or prevent thermal gradients as needed to benefit species in rivers. One study pool (UT) is located above water storage reservoirs and receives natural flows, and the other pool (PT) is regulated and receives unnaturally high, cold water in summer; both pools are on the Trinity River, California. Thermal stratification formed in UT pool in spring at a critical flow of 1.01 m3/s, peaked at 8.1°C in summer, and exhibited diurnal formation and destruction under sub‐critical flows until fall. At PT pool, the 14.2 m3/s baseflow caused mixing that prevented stratification and formed a spatially homogenous thermal environment. Statistical analyses indicated the daily range in air and inlet water temperature at UT pool best correlated with the occurrence and strength of stratification but were progressively irrelevant as flows increased above the critical value. The validated CFD model was used to reproduce the diurnal stratification and explain the processes involved. The CFD model correctly predicted the observed critical flow and replicated the dynamics of stratification at UT pool and isohyets observed at PT pool. The CFD results also confirmed that low flows are the main variable for stratification to form, and the daily range in inlet water temperature drives the strength of the thermal gradient. The model estimated a critical discharge at PT pool of 2.0 m3/s, twice that for UT pool owing to its 2.6‐times larger area, suggesting critical flows scale with pool size. Results showed that releasing critical and lower flows in summer on regulated streams may conserve water and provide thermal gradients that benefit poikilothermic species; alternately, higher than critical flows can prevent stratification where needed to improve water quality.