bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiwell Thermal Interaction: Field Data Validation of Transient Model for Closely Spaced Wells
Authors: McSpadden Albert R. , Gunn Alex , Dunagan Craig
Published: March 2013

Wellbore temperature logs and associated field history data from an HPHT condensate North Sea platform are presented which validate the accuracy of a transient model of multiwell thermal interaction. The model is an updated version of previous work which simulates transient thermal interaction or "cross-heating" between closely spaced wells of a template. Multiwell thermal interaction alters final wellbore temperatures as well as formation temperatures in the inter-well zone and also further out from the well template. The multiwell thermal model is shown to converge closely in very characteristic fashion to two different logged and measured temperature profiles over a vertical depth range of 3000 ft.

The empirical data including field history represents a unique opportunity to study and understand this important topic. Prior to this current work, industry discussion of multiwell thermal interaction or "cross-heating" has been largely anecdotal. Model validation against field data is necessary to achieve a full understanding of the physical system and to provide confidence in the predictive capability.

Modeling of wellbore and formation temperatures for closely spaced wells has not been widely examined in the industry literature. The current work presents an improved methodology based on standard industry techniques. The method employs standard industry thermal-hydraulic modeling software and a fully transient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model in a loosely-coupled, iterative analysis. The iteration scheme is achieved by coupling of the standard analytical solution for the isolated single-well temperature scenario with the solution in the formation for the cross-heating scenario.

The effect of multiwell thermal interaction is important for closely-spaced wells such as offshore platforms or subsea and arctic developments. The multiwell disturbance on formation and wellbore temperatures may affect well design, facilities planning and operations. Annular pressure build-up (APB), wellhead movement, tubular stress design, cement slurry design, subsidence/compaction effects and facilities health and safety issues can all be affected. If multiwell thermal interaction is not taken into account, then load events such as APB, wellhead movement and thermal induced stresses may be underestimated. Concurrent and batch drilling operations including cementation will also be affected.
White Rose Project Drilling and Completion Performance Evolution: A Case Study
Authors: Pardy Craig , Akinniranye Goke , Carter Mackenzie , Crane Gerry , Wishart Lisa , Krepp Tony , Foster Brandon
Published: March 2013

The White Rose field and its satellite extensions have posed significant drilling challenges. The complex 3D well trajectories require precise steering control to optimally position the wellbore within the reservoir. Ability to reach the reservoir targets has been challenged by high levels of downhole shock and vibration and torque limitations of certain drillstring components. In earlier wells, the levels of shock and vibration encountered while drilling in both the intermediate and production hole sections resulted in issues including low rates of penetration, premature bit wear, damaged tools and unplanned trips for downhole tool failures.

A number of issues contributed to drilling challenges, including weather, ice encroachment, and rig equipment challenges. Extensive drilling and completion design and operational improvements were achieved over a period of 3 years from 2009 to 2012. These improvements included changes to, well trajectory designs, drillstring and bottom hole assembly (BHA) designs, procedures for torque-and-drag management, fluids designs, and lower completion design. These combined efforts significantly reduced downhole-related nonproductive time, despite a substantial increase in well complexity.
Novel Drill Bit Materials Technology Fusion Delivers Performance Step Change in Hard and Difficult Formations
Authors: García Alexis , Barocio Hector , Nicholl Denise , Belhenniche Sid-Ali , Quijada Rafael , Veloz Cynthia , Cevallos Moisés
Published: March 2013

Ever evolving drilling performance requirements dictate bits drill wider ranges of lithologies while offering improved efficiency and reduced NPT. These performance requirements necessitate compatible drill bit technologies. As lithologies associated with these drilling objectives tend to be harder and more abrasive; the need for adaptable, durable, and efficient drill bit designs is intensified. With these challenging applications / objectives, Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) technologies are pushed to their material limits. These limits emerge as failures in PDC thermal fatigue, abrasion, and impact damage.

Due to the absence of state-of-the-art drill bit material technologies compatible with achieving these drilling objectives, multiple trips are commonly required. Often, this translates into the use of non-PDC bits (Rolling Cutter and Impregnated) to complete challenging sections. As efficiency is hindered by bit type and increases in non-productivetime due to multiple bit trips, operators incur significant cost while drilling these intervals.

New drill bit technology capable of drilling these lithologies and performance requirements is unmistakably needed. This paper describes the development of novel drill bit technology aimed at this requirement. This technology is born through the fusion of existing bit technologies; Fixed Cutter and Impregnated Diamond, and a unique design philosophy providing greater versatility in drilling a wider range of harsh lithologies, not typically drilled entirely with PDC bits. This novel design philosophy includes optimized cutter placement and exposure of diamond impregnated mix applied in critical areas of the bit.

This project was initially targeted at the Sub-Saharan region in the Congo, where the existence of conglomeratic intervals still represents a challenge to reach TD in a single run for sections with high clonglomeratic percentage. In its first trial, the new technology hybrid bit drilled 300% more interval than the benchmark with 34% improvement in ROP, in comparable sections with similar conglomerate content. Subsequent runs have resulted in dramatic savings due to reduction of trips as well as improved ROP. This technology has provided the industry step change in performance and decrease in non-productive time.
A Medium-Order Flow Model for Dynamic Pressure Surges in Tripping Operations
Authors: Gjerstad Kristian , Time Rune W. , Bjorkevoll Knut S.
Published: March 2013

A simplified dynamic model based on ordinary differential equations that predicts the surge and swab pressures in tripping operations is developed. It is fast and robust, and designed for application in real-time operations where the pressure surges must be predicted and controlled. The drilling mud is described as a Herschel-Bulkley non-Newtonian drilling fluid. And simplified continuous flow equations are used for fast computation of frictional pressure gradients. The model can readily be coupled with parameter estimation techniques, to automatically adapt uncertain parameters to measured data, or it can be calibrated manually as we show in this paper. This can be done during field operations if a minimum amount of measuring data are available.
A Brief History of the Shell "Soft Torque Rotary System" and Some Recent Case Studies
Authors: Runia D. J. , Dwars S. , Stulemeijer I. P.
Published: March 2013

The Shell "Soft Torque Rotary System" (STRS) is a rotary drive control system that mitigates torsion vibrations in Oil and Gas drilling. The system was developed by Shell (with help from industry partners) in the early 90's and commercialised by licensing to a number of industry equipment suppliers. The original system was developed for DC drilling drives using analog torque feedback. The development of next generation AC top drives in the drilling industry has required a re-look and upgrade of the technology. Currently we have rejuvenated the technology and introduced stringent commissioning criteria to safeguard the quality of deployments around the globe. An overview of these developments will be given, seen from a Shell perspective. In addition a number of recent case histories will be presented. It is intended that the audience gets a good overview how the technology is being deployed in the Oil and Gas industry.

The new integrated Soft Torque system is installed on 60 Shell operated drilling installations globally since 2009.

Many good examples are now available demonstrating the benefit of the system and its excellent perfomance on also the AC top drives. Industry now has a tool at hand to help mitigate the occurence of stick slip and its detrimental effect on drilling performance, by way of controlling the top drive behaviour at surface. In combination with good drilling practices and drill string assembly design, it is now possible to avoid stick slip in a majority of drilling situations.

Further work is ongoing (with our industry partners) to broaden the operating envelope of the system (into the deeper well sections and lower RPM range). Shell continues to champion the technology and fulfil a pro active role for quality control and further development of the industry/vendor partners.
Obtaining both Horizontal Stresses from Wellbore Collapse
Authors: Aadnoy Bernt S. , Kaarstad Eirik , Goncalves Clemente J.
Published: March 2013

One of the most important design parameters in all wellbore stability analysis is the two horizontal stresses. The third principal stress, the overburden stress is determined by integrating the rock bulk density from cuttings or from logs.

There exist several approaches to estimate the minimum horizontal stress, σh, but it is more difficult to determine the maximum horizontal stress σH. Inversion methods have been used with success, but usually the maximum horizontal stress is assumed, not measured.

A wellbore that collapse during drilling or during production usually assumes an elliptical shape because of anisotropic stress loading. Recently an exact solution for tangential stress of an elliptic wellbore was derived. This model couples the ovality of the wellbore to the stress anisotropy. The rock strength plays an important role, such that a strong consolidated rock will have less ovality than a less consolidated rock.

In addition to the solution above, the full 3-dimensional in-situ stress state is investigated to obtain physically relevant solutions. This means the fracture pressure always exceed the collapse pressure for any well orientation. This condition is imposed on the new solution above. Leak-off data are used for calibration. In other words, the solution is based on real caliper data and real fracturing data.

This new solution has many practical applications, first of all to develop fracture and collapse curves for deviated wells, but also for sand production, well stimulation and reservoir subsidence. The paper will present several field cases, both from Norway and Brazil, demonstrating improvements in practical wellbore stability analysis.
Seismic Data Management: Implementing Common Standards & Solutions
Authors: Carr Megan E. , Raj Nishanth
Published: March 2013

The success of any oil and natural gas company with an exploration and production focus is dependent upon the ability to accurately locate data in a timely manner. Across industry, issues surrounding seismic data management have been recognized and many studies are formalizing programs to understand these problems with seismic data filing systems and review options to address them. This paper outlines the framework around seismic data management that BP (British Petroleum) has taken to standardize how seismic data is handled within the company. The presented conceptual solution focuses on key areas of improvement including (1) seismic data standards and workflows; (2) seismic data management organization and responsibilities; (3) high level requirements for seismic data; and (4) high level architecture for data management within BP. All components except (3) are presented. The data standards and optimal workflows discussed have shown to positively mitigate these data challenges and derive value for BP's subsurface data management program.
Optimal Wireless Sensor Networks for Reliable Low Cost Smart Oilfields
Authors: Purohit Abhinav D. , Aminzadeh Fred
Published: March 2013

Sensors provide engineers with the critical data to monitor oilfield activities for smooth operations of the well and equipments in the field. Almost every new well drilled has several sensors from the initial drilling stage to regular operations. Sensors systems form an inseparable unit for real time monitoring and control to provide a better understanding of the well performance and ensure safe operations.

To develop and implement low cost optimal intelligent field is crucial to alleviate running costs and increase well performance. Current digital oil fields depend on seamless transfer of information between plant systems and business units to enable a robust real time field control. A wireless sensor network (WSN) technology with industrial field instrumentation has proven to be a reliable platform for data acquisition and transfer. By providing self-healing and self-configurable wireless communication networks, it is a cost effective alternative to traditional wired field instruments.

WSN can greatly reduce the need for inspection and unexpected replacement costs. The state-of-art smart oil fields have deployed number of sensors to monitor and control various production parameters such as temperature and pressure. Such sensors are bound by reliability, cost and efficiency constraints. This paper presents a cost effective solution to increase reliability, reduce power and cost of ownership without compromising on Quality of Service (QoS). Further, we present most suitable applications that can be revolutionized with the approach presented.
Upstream/Downstream Real Time Surveillance and Optimization Systems: Two Sides of the Same Coin, or Never the Twain Shall Meet
Authors: Cramer Ron , Mehrotra Shailendra , Goh K C , Stoever Matt , Berendschot Leo
Published: March 2013

Downstream Refineries and Chemical Plants have benefited from real time optimization systems (RTO) for the last 30 years. Downstream RTO is a well established and permanent fixture in many plants – the "way we do things ‘round here!". Upstream E&P operations have "come to this party" much more recently and are using RTO more sparingly, even though the economic and HSSE benefits can be very significant.

There are key differences between downstream and upstream. For example, downstream facilities do not deal with sub-surface uncertainties, multiphase flow and isolated/harsh environments; while upstream operations do not usually have to deal with complex chemical processes.

Integrated Oil Companies run upstream and downstream operations and integration of tools/practices across both regimes is often perceived to be of significant value. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast downstream and upstream RTO learnings with a view to identifying and describing:

similarities in production unit operations e.g. fluid separation, compression etc.; key differences between production unit operations; cultural differences between operations; RTO activities from a technical perspective; RTO business benefits and how these might be leveraged and sustained in both directions.

What will emerge from this analysis will be a comparison, highlighting points of commonality and differences, leading to a better understanding of how RTO can be more effectively exploited in the upstream business – the cheapest oil available!

Specifically, it is concluded that RTO in upstream operations is feasible and lucrative, but is relatively rare with sustainability a challenge. Downstream RTO is more common and sustainable, significantly less lucrative, but a "must do" to compete in a highly competitive, margin constrained business.
IT Infrastructure Architectures to Support Drilling Automation
Authors: Annaiyappa Pradeep
Published: March 2013

Drilling automation is gaining momentum as seen by the increasing participation at workshops. Most of the early efforts of drilling automation have focused on incorporating specialized algorithms by both oil companies and service companies that try to improve the drilling performance. As drilling automation efforts try to scale to all rig types and all drilling operations there will be an increasing need to integrate and connect equipment from different vendors with different control systems to create complete automated work flow. Implementing drilling automation on existing rigs requires integration of equipment owned by the drilling contractor, service company and even the operator. This paper will investigate different architectures that have been successfully used in other domains to solve this key technology challenge to support Automation on a drilling rig. Cloud computing has been used as a way to provision services on demand. There are several public cloud services that are available via the internet. The focus of this paper will be the implementation of a community cloud infrastructure that can be implemented on a drilling rig, provisioning various services key to the successful implementation of drilling automation.
Big Data in E&P: Real-Time Adaptive Analytics and Data-Flow Architecture
Authors: Brulé Michael R.
Published: March 2013

Big Data Analytics are most effective when data-in-motion are combined with data-at-rest. Stream computing is a new way of analyzing high-frequency data for real-time complex-event-processing (CEP) and for scoring data against a physics-based or empirical model for predictive analytics, without having to store the data. Hadoop Map/Reduce and other NoSQL approaches are a new way of analyzing massive volumes of data whether semistructured or unstructured, which can be used to support the E&P industry's many physics-based methods in modeling and simulation, over a wide range of disciplines from geology & geophysics to reservoir, production, & facilities engineering. High-volume data of many different types can be landed in Hadoop and analyzed without extensive transformation into a relational database model. Combining Stream computing with Hadoop Map/Reduce or massively parallel processing relational data warehousing (MPP DW) enables the analysis of high-frequency data scored against continuously updated models, known as "Real-Time Adaptive Analytics." This design pattern provides a low-latency "Real-Time Data-Flow Architecture," which enables decisions during operational events and also at the speed of the overall business. Big Data Analytics also depends on tooling for building modeling and simulation applications and for performing analytics, as much as it depends on infrastructure. Augmenting the industry's many decades of progress in physics-based modeling and simulation, powerful empirical models can be developed with tools for statistical analytics, text analytics, AI, and machine-learning and then used as scoring and data-validation models by implementing stream computing on-site where the data are generated in oilfield operations. This paper will explore RealTime Adaptive Analytics and the Real-Time Data-Flow Architecture combining stream computing, Hadoop/NoSQL, and MPP data warehousing. Several compelling use cases in drilling and in production will be reviewed.
Integrated Operations (IO) Model for Samarang Field Conceptual Study
Authors: Abd Razak C. A. , Mohd Som M. , Shuhaimi M. A. , Mazlan E. , Muhamed Salim M. , Wong L. , Traboulay I.
Published: March 2013

Integrated Operations (IO) was indentified as part of the redevelopment program in Samarang field. The IO framework defined was focusing on Asset Management Decision Support through increasing levels of monitoring and surveillance; fast, medium and slow loop diagnosis, transformation of operations, and optimization of asset values.

The aim of Samarang IO is to achieve the followings:

Effective and efficient working environment through streamlined and automated workflows Quality information acquisition and dissemination across the organization Collaborative expertise across multiple disciplines and locations Optimum asset value through increased production and reserve recovery

As the first step of project execution process, an IO study team was formed to carry out a conceptual study. The Samarang Integrated Operations (IO) study was conducted within the context of an Integrated Operations Model developed by Schlumberger. This model is used to frame, plan, and execute the IO Conceptual Study for Samarang.

The methodology, scope of work, and project deliverables for the conceptual study, is based on the general description of the IO model. In general the IO model describes how asset decisions will be supported by new measurements and equipment proposed for installation on existing and new platforms. It also describes how decision process will be enabled by software applications and how collaborative decision making can be improved.

An innovative parallel design approach was used to fast track the design process by integrating IO solution conceptual design in parallel to EPC FEED design for instrumentation with interface management as the main quality controller.

Upon completion of the conceptual study, a total of 2010 man-hours were logged from interviews, workshops, peer reviews and offshore survey involved interaction with different stakeholders. The extensive time invested in the data gathering has enabled the team to complete the project deliverability inclusive of some additional scope.
Enabling Numerical Simulation and Real-Time Production Data to Monitor Waterflooding Indicators
Authors: Al-Jasmi A. , Nasr H. , Carvajal G. A. , Cullick A. S. , Vanish D. , Wang F. , Velasquez G. , Villamizar M. , Md-Adnan F. , Betancourt D. , Urrutia K.
Published: March 2013

Intelligent digital oilfield (iDOF) operations include the transfer, monitoring, visualization, analysis, and interpretation of real-time data. Enabling this process requires a significant investment to upgrade surface, subsurface, and well instrumentation and also the installation of a sophisticated infrastructure for data transmission and visualization. Once upgraded, the system then has the capability to transfer massive quantities of data, converting it into real information at the right time.

The transformation of raw data into information is achieved through intelligent, automated work processes, which are referred to here as "smart flows," which assist engineers in their daily well surveillance activities, helping make them more productive and improve decision making. A major oil and gas operator in the Middle East has invested in such an infrastructure and is developing a set of smart flows for key activities and workflows for its production operations, with the ultimate goal of improved asset performance.

The Sabriyah Mauddud limestone of north Kuwait is a giant depletion-drive oil reservoir currently under the waterflooding process and is being monitored as part of this iDOF operation. A "smart flow" has been developed for visualization and analysis of the waterflooding performance that uses real-time production data to derive and update daily water saturation and reservoir pressure from numerical simulation. The ultimate goal of the smart flow is to identify and define actions to improve water injection and production over the long term.

This paper explains how this smart flow works-how it automatically runs a reservoir simulator to estimate water saturation and reservoir pressure and iteratively calculates the waterflooding indicators to provide advice to change the water injection on a monthly basis.
New Generation of Petroleum Workflow Automation: Philosophy and Practice
Authors: Al-Abbasi A. , Al-Jasmi A. , Goel H. K. , Nasr H. , Cullick A. S. , Rodriguez J. A. , Carvajal G. A. , Velasquez G. , Scott M. , Bravo C.
Published: March 2013

Intelligent digital oilfield (iDOF) operations have gained momentum in the past few years, transformed from being merely a vision to real-world projects with quantifiable value. Challenges such as increased energy demand and diminishing new discoveries, coupled with a lack of specialist-domain expertise and trained personnel to efficiently operate assets, have forced operators to rethink the traditional way of asset management to increase productivity and operational efficiency.

The amount of information that asset managers now have to make decisions has increased dramatically in the last few years. More data about a problem can lead to improved decisions, but it also increases the complexity of the decision-making process. Asset teams need tools and technologies to help them quickly and efficiently analyze and understand all this data so they make better, faster decisions.

To help asset teams meet these challenges, a new generation of petroleum workflow automation integrates real-time data with asset models, helping team members to collaborate so they can better analyze data and more fully understand asset problems. We're calling this new generation of automated, intelligent workflows "smart flows."

This approach is cutting-edge, but also more complex. The complexity is addressed with the use of artificial intelligence technology, such as proxy models and neural networks, coupled with a visualization engine to provide an effective visual data mining tool. The objective of this new generation of petroleum workflow automation is to provide integrated solutions to asset opportunities and guide the operations with instructions based on smart analysis and integrated visualization.

This paper provides an overview of a workflow automation environment that is being implemented for a major operator.
A Real-Time Automated "Smart Flow" to Prioritize, Validate, and Model Production Well Testing
Authors: Al-Jasmi A. , Nasr H. , Goel H. K. , Lopez C. , Carvajal G. A. , Vanish D. , Cullick A. S. , Yong Z. , Moricca G. , Campbell I. , Querales M. , Rodriguez J. A. , Velasquez G. , Villamizar M. , Mahajan A.
Published: March 2013

Intelligent digital oilfield (iDOF) operations include the transfer, monitoring, visualization, analysis, and interpretation of real-time data. Enabling this process requires a significant investment to upgrade surface, subsurface, and well instrumentation and also the installation of a sophisticated infrastructure for data transmission and visualization. Once upgraded, the system then has the capability to transfer massive quantities of data, converting it into real information at the right time.

The transformation of raw data into information is achieved through intelligent, automated work processes, which are referred to here as "smart flows," which assist engineers with key well operations and monitoring, helping make them more productive and improve decision making. A major oil and gas operator in the Middle East has invested in such an infrastructure and is developing a set of smart flows for key activities and work flows for its production operations, with the ultimate goal of improved asset performance.

Well testing and production allocation are vital for identifying and resolving problem wells and for identifying candidate wells to optimize production and maximize a field's potential and asset value. But with traditional tools and methods, this work is time-consuming and requires many low-value tasks (data gathering, cleaning, etc.) leaving little time for the high-value analysis work. To expedite, prioritize, and simplify well testing and related analyses, the Well Performance Evaluation (WPE) smart flow has been developed.

This paper presents and describes the WPE, how it works, and how it is delivering value today. WPE features advanced data visualization that includes interactive charts, enabling production engineers to execute well testing daily, select the most critical wells for testing based on an expert system, verify well test data with advanced data filtering and qualification technology, execute and fit updated nodal analysis models on demand, in seconds, to recommend the optimal well output, and provide recommended actions to operations personnel to increase production.
Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI): A New Instrument for Epidemiological Studies and Pre-Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Cianchetti Carlo , Pittau Andrea , Carta Valeria , Campus Grazia , Littarru Roberta , Ledda Maria Giuseppina , Zuddas Alessandro , Fancello Giuseppina Sannio
Published: March 2013

Background:

Some questionnaires have already been elaborated to collect information from parents of children and adolescents, both as preparation for clinical evaluation and for screening and epidemiological studies. Here a new questionnaire, the CABI, is proposed, and it is validated in a population of 8-10 year-old children. Compared to existing questionnaires, the CABI has been organized so as to be of medium length, with items concerning the most significant symptoms indicated by the DSM-IV-TR for the pertinent disorders, and covering a wider range than existing instruments. There is no charge for its use.

Methods:

The answers of the parents of 302 children in the last 3 years of primary school provided the normative data. A discriminant validation was done for internalizing and externalizing disorders and as a comparison with self-administered anxiety and depression scales. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency were also performed.

Results:

Distribution of scores on the main scales in the normal population shows positive skewness, with the most frequent score being zero. A highly discriminant capability was found in regard to the sample of children with internalizing and externalizing disorders, with high correlation with the self-administered anxiety and depression scales.

Conclusion:

The CABI appears to be capable, at least for 8-10 year-old children, of effectively discriminating those with pathological symptoms from those without. Compared with the widely- used CBCL, it has the advantages of a lower number of items, which should facilitate parental collaboration especially in epidemiological studies, and of being free of charge.
Adherence to depot versus oral antipsychotic medication in schizophrenic patients during the long-term therapy
Authors: Stankovic Zana , Ille Tatjana
Published: March 2013

Background/Aim. There is a high rate of schizophrenic patients who do not
adhere to their prescribed therapy, despite the implementation of
antipsychotic long-acting injections and the introduction of atypical
antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in
sociodemographic, clinical and medication adherence variables between the two
groups of schizophrenic patients on maintenance therapy with depot
antipsychotic fluphenazine decanoate and oral antipsychotics only as well as
a correlation between the medication adherence and other examined variables.
Methods. A total of 56 patients of both genders, aged < 60 years, with the
diagnosis of schizophrenia (F20) (ICD-10, 1992) clinically stable for at
least 6 months were introduced in this cross-sectional study. The patients
from the depot group (n = 19) were on classical depot antipsychotic
fluphenazine decanoate administering intramuscularly every 4 weeks (with or
without oral antipsychotic augmentation) and the patients from the oral group
(n = 37) were on oral therapy alone with classical or atypical
antipsychotics, either as monotherapy or combined. The Positive and Negative
Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess symptom severity. Item G12 of the
PANSS was used to assess insight into the illness. The patients completed the
Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess adherence to the
therapy. A higher MARS score indicates behavior [Medical Adherence
Questionnaire (MAQ subscale)] and attitudes toward medication [Drug Attitude
Inventory (DAI subscale)] that are more consistent with treatment adherence.
The exclusion criteria were determined. The Pearson's ?2 test was used to
compare categorical variables, Student's t-test to compare continuous
variables and Pearson's correlation to test the correlation significance; p =
0.05. Results. Significant betweengroup differences in age, illness duration,
chlorpromazine equivalents, PANSS score and DAI subscore were found. Item G12
of the PANSS subscore and MARS score correlated significantly negatively. A
significant positive correlation between receiving depot antipsychotic and
DAI subscore as well as between illness duration and both DAI subscore and
MARS score were also found. Conclusion. Schizophrenic patients on classical
depot antipsychotic maintenance therapy might present subpopulation of
patients with significantly longer illness duration, more favorable
medication attitude and outcome in relation to those on oral antipsychotics
alone.
Pedagogical Systems and the Construction of the Primary School Teacher in the Teachers' Training Institution (Didaskalio) in Greece (1830–1933): Issues of Power and Governmentality
Authors: Nikolakaki Maria
Published: March 2013

This article investigates the governmentality in the pedagogical systems through the teachers' mission and the corresponding teachers' education in Greece from the construction of the nation/state and for about a century, according to the socio-economical conditions that emerged. It does so in order to analyse the relation of society, the educational system and teachers' education. To this end, it decodes, through discourse analysis among other means, the state's official texts, the pedagogy applied, the teachers' tasks and position in teaching, and the impact of the above on teachers' education. It discerns three reform periods of teachers' education in Greece from the nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, and explores how teachers were prepared in the Didaskalio (teachers' education institution) in each period. It concludes that power relations determine the construction of the teacher's soul in order to construct the child's soul.
The Philosophy of Turkish National and Higher Education
Authors: Toprakçi Erdal , Buldur Serkan , Bozpolat Ebru , Oflaz Gülçin , Dağdeviren Clal , Türe Ersin
Published: March 2013

This study aims to establish whether the Basic Law of National Education and the Law of Higher Education, both of which give direction to the Turkish educational system, are based on any educational philosophy trends, and to what extent. For this purpose, both laws were investigated using the ‘document analysis' method. All the data obtained were interpreted through the content analysis process. The results of the survey found that neither law feeds on any educational philosophy but that both were mainly based on the ‘progressive‘ trend. In addition, it was shown that each law also represents different philosophical trends when studied individually and therefore it was concluded that the Turkish educational philosophy does not show a combined characteristic.
The behavioural ecology of animal movement: reflections upon potential synergies
Authors: Liedvogel Miriam , Chapman Ben B. , Muheim Rachel , Åkesson Susanne
Published: March 2013

Animal movement acts at multiple scales: it can shape the destiny of
individuals and populations, govern community and ecosystem structure,
and influence evolutionary processes and patterns of biodiversity. Recent
technological advances, such as the revolutionary developments in tracking
technology and remote sensing, provide fresh insights and the possibility to
collect detailed data on where and how animals travel through space, how
they react to and/or interact with their environment and conspecifics as
well as their predators and prey. Scientists from various disciplines ranging
from physics to psychology develop and apply ever improving analytical
techniques to observe, assess and archive animal movement across scales.
As in any other field, standardising data collection is a key prerequisite in
order to combine and extend dataset collections, many of which may further
be utilized by behavioural ecologists to answer questions on the function and
significance of animal movements. Large-scale manipulative experimental
approaches have also shed new light on old questions in animal movement,
and opened new and previously inaccessible perspectives to study animal
movement in the context of behavioural ecology. Animal movements are
intrinsic to all behavioural processes, and analysis of movement phenomena
within the framework of behavioural ecology has provided rich insights into
the mechanisms and functions of animal behavior for some decades. We
convened an international symposium to reflect on the behavioural ecology
of animal movement, asking how these two related disciplines can produce
new insights and synergies. Our symposium provided a platform that brought
together a diverse range of researchers working on animal movement
on different taxa and a range of spatial scales to discuss how behavioural
ecology can integrate with the nascent discipline of movement ecology. In
this short paper we summarise the key points from this meeting, and call for
a renewed focus on the behavioural processes involved in the movements of
animals.
A simple culture method for epithelial stem cells derived from human hair follicle
Authors: Hilmi Abu , Halim Ahmad , Noor Norhayati , Lim Chin , Idris Zamzuri , Pohchi Abdullah , Asma Hassan , Wahab Shaik , Tiede Stephan , Paus Ralf
Published: March 2013

The challenge arises among researchers when hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) derived from a human hair follicle remain poorly expanded in defined culture medium. In this study, we isolated the HFSCs and they became confluent after 10 days of cultivation. Comparing the viability of HFSCs cultured in defined keratinocytes serum free medium (KSFM) in a coated plate and CnT07 medium in an uncoated plate, the number of HFSCs cultured in CnT07 was significantly higher at days 2, 4, 6 and 8 (P=0.004). The population doubling time of HFSCs was 21.48±0.44 hours in non-coated plates with CnT07 and 30.73±0.75 hours in coated plates with KSFM. Our primary HFSC cultures were positive for CD200 and K15 with brownish color. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the percentage of HFSCs expressing CD200 and K15 were 65.20±3.16 and 72.07±6.62 respectively. After reaching 100% confluence, the HFSCs were differentiated into an epidermal layer in vitro using CnT02-3D defined media. HFSCs were differentiated into an epidermal layer after 2 weeks of induction. Involucrin- and K6-positive cells were detected in the differentiated epidermal layer. This method is a simple technique for HFSC isolation and has a lower cost of processing and labor, and it represents a promising tool for skin tissue engineering.
Characteristics of transmembrane proton transport in the cells of Lupinus polyphyllus
Authors: Darginavičienė Jūratė , Jurkonienė Sigita
Published: March 2013

The aim of this work was to examine H+-ATPase hydrolytic activity and the stability of transmembrane electrochemical gradients in membrane vesicles isolated from seedlings and leaf cells of an invasive Washington lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl.) and compare them with non-invasive yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). Temperatures of 25 and 30°C, keeping in mind possible climate warming, were used. For harder stress conditions, short term cold treatment (−8°C in vivo) was used. Plasmalemma-, tonoplast-, and endoplasmic reticulum-enriched membrane fractions were obtained from a sucrose density gradient and identified. Differences in ATPase hydrolytic activity were significant only between lupine species and were more obvious in plasmalemma-enriched fractions. Preincubation of seedlings and leaves at −8°C for 15 min to 24 h showed that microsomic fraction membranes of invasive lupine were more stable (according to Na+-diffusive potential) at low temperature compared to yellow lupine ones. The level of transmembrane electrochemical potential, mainly evoked by ATP-dependent active proton transport, was almost equal in both lupine species. Supposedly, the cells of invasive lupine are able to maintain transmembrane electrochemical potential by the employment of lower hydrolytic activity of H+-ATPase, thus saving energy for growth.
Analysis of the Essential Oil Compounds of Origanum Syriacum L.
Authors: Farhat M. , Tóth J. , Héthelyi B. É. , Szarka Sz. , Czigle Sz.
Published: March 2013

Syrian oregano (Origanum syriacum L., Lamiaceae) is a very popular culinary herb that has been used through the ages in traditional medicine mainly in Lebanon and the Arab world. The subject of this study was the microscopic analysis of the herbal drug Origani syriaci folium, as well as the chemical analysis of its essential oil components. Plant materials originated from Arabsalim - South Lebanon and were collected in 2010. The presence of very dense clusters of multicellular covering trichomes (510 μm × 18.47 μm) and peltate secretory glands (∅ 87.95 μm) with eight cells were observed. The essential oil of Origani syriaci folium was isolated and quantified using hydrodistillation according to SPhC 1997. The content of essential oil was 95 ml/1000 g, i.e. 9.5% (V/m). The volatile constituents of Origani syriaci folium were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using SPME GC/MS. The two dominant constituents identified in Syrian oregano leaves were carvacrol (78.4%) and thymol (17.9%).
New possibility of objective evaluation of yarn appearance: part II
Authors: Moučková Eva , Jirásková Petra
Published: March 2013

In this article, the possibility of new objective evaluation of yarn appearance in area employing selected spatial
statistical functions is presented. The yarns wound on the boards were used for the experiment. Appearance of
standard yarn boards from the standard CSN 80 0704 and real yarn boards with faultless and faulty yarns were
converted into grayscale images. Fluctuation in degrees of grayness was evaluated between square fields in the
image using statistical function called the area variation curve. In addition, the method was applied to the simulated
yarn board appearance generated by the Uster Tester apparatus. Behavior of area variation curves in dependence
on the result of visual evaluation of yarn board appearance was discussed. The generated appearances from the
Uster Tester device were also evaluated by other statistical function called semivariogram. It was found out that the
area variation curve is not a suitable tool for evaluation of yarn board appearance. The semivariogram seems to be
a more suitable tool. The paper extends the knowledge on the issue of objective evaluation of yarn appearance and
directly follows the author’s work [1].
Changing Conceptions of Time
Authors: Duncheon Julia C. , Tierney William G.
Published: March 2013

The construct of time influences student learning in and out of school and consequently pervades educational discourse. Yet the integration of information and communication technologies into contemporary society is changing how people perceive and experience time. Traditional theoretical and methodological approaches to time research no longer capture the nuances of digital, temporal realities. This article offers a theoretical analysis of three temporal perspectives: (a) clock time, measured in objective, linear units; (b) socially constructed time, experienced subjectively according to social and cultural context; and (c) virtual time, a new category that synthesizes emergent temporal theory in the digital age. Implications for educational research and practice are discussed. The authors initiate discourse around new theoretical approaches to educational time research in an era characterized by great sociocultural and temporal transformations.
Troilus and Cressida Reconsidered
Authors: Foakes
Published: March 2013

There are almost as many opinions about the nature of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida as there are critics; and each critic can fortify his argument by referring to the inability of the play's first editors to see eye to eye about it. In particular, if he wants to claim it as comedy, he can cite the preface of the Quarto of 1609, for whoever wrote that praised the play as "passing full of the palme comicall"; and if he prefers to deal with it as tragedy, he can point to the first plan of the editors of the Folio of 1623, who meant to place it after Romeo and Juliet. To add to the confusion, the Folio text seems to contain two endings to the play, for Troilus's last dismissal of Pandarus is there printed twice, in V.iii, and in V.x. Shakespeare clearly conceived at some time a bitter or "tragic" ending, culminating in Troilus's fine speech in V.x; after one false ending, omitted in the Quarto,
Introduction
Authors: Corman Brian
Published: March 2013

My term as editor of the University of Toronto Quarterly began just as Harvard University Press published Bill Readings's The University in Ruins. I had been impressed by the sections that had been published in the Oxford Literary Review, New Literary History, and the Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English Newsletter, so that when I began to think about topics for special issues last summer, the appearance of Readings's book offered just the right kind of subject, one of the greatest importance to readers of this journal.
Décroissance: A Project for a Radical Transformation of Society
Authors: Muraca Barbara
Published: March 2013

Décroissance has established itself in Southern Europe as a significant and heterogeneous societal movement, which fosters a renaissance of traditional streams of thought in social and political philosophy while opening a field for new actualisations. While the term Décroissance can be traced back to an authorised translation of Georgescu-Roegen's ‘declining state’, the idea of Décroissance – as it is widely employed by social movements – encompasses more than the critique of GDP as a measure for well-being. It embodies a radical questioning of the way social reproduction is intended and frames a multifaceted vision for a post-growth society. The aim of this paper is the reconstruction and critical examination – from the point of view of social and political philosophy – of the main conceptual roots of Décroissance and its visions for a radical transformation of society.
Degrowth, Democracy and Autonomy
Authors: Asara Viviana , Profumi Emanuele , Kallis Giorgos
Published: March 2013

The quest for real democracy is one of the components of sustainable degrowth. But the incipient debate on democracy and degrowth suffers from general defi-nitions and limited connections to political philosophy and democracy theory. This article offers a critical review of democracy theory within the degrowth literature, taking as its focal point a relevant debate between Serge Latouche and Takis Fotopoulos. We argue that the core of their contention can be traced back to the relationship between the concepts of democracy and autonomy as defined by philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis, which both authors and generally the degrowth movement consider as one of their theoretical reference points. We show how both Latouche and Fotopoulos hold a misconception of Castoriadis’ notions of autonomy, the social imaginary and politics, which in turn limits their cognisance of democracy and hence confuses their debate concerning the possibilities for a degrowth transition within the confines of a liberal parliamentary democracy. With a clarified theoretical understanding of the interconnected democracy-autonomy assemble, we proceed to an evaluation of the revolutionary potential of the degrowth movement and to a better understanding of a possible relationship between democracy and degrowth.