bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Image Speed on Novice Golfers’ Performance in a Putting Task
Authors: H. Shirazipour Celina , J. Munroe-Chandler Krista , Loughead Todd M. , Vander Laan Anthony G.
Published: March 2016

The PETTLEP model provides guidelines for employing imagery, including suggestions for image speed. Current models and research emphasize real-time image speed, with the possibility for benefits from slow-motion images when learning a task. This study investigated the effect of three different image speeds (real-time, slow-motion, and fast-motion) on 56 novice golfers’ performance in a putting task. Results demonstrated significant differences in performance among fast-motion and all other image speeds, such that performance was worse following fast-motion imagery compared to performance following other image speeds. There was no difference between performance in slow-motion and real-time image speed conditions. These findings could potentially aid in improving the delivery of imagery interventions to novice athletes.
Contextualized Latent Semantic Indexing: A New Approach to Automated Chinese Essay Scoring
Authors: Xu Yanyan , Ke Dengfeng , Su Kaile
Published: March 2016

The writing part in Chinese language tests is badly in need of a mature automated essay scoring system. In this paper, we propose a new approach applied to automated Chinese essay scoring (ACES), called contextualized latent semantic indexing (CLSI), of which Genuine CLSI and Modified CLSI are two versions. The n-gram language model and the weighted finite-state transducer (WFST), two critical components, are used to extract context information in our ACES system. Not only does CLSI improve conventional latent semantic indexing (LSI), but bridges the gap between latent semantics and their context information, which is absent in LSI. Moreover, CLSI can score essays from the perspectives of language fluency and contents, and address the local overrating and underrating problems caused by LSI. Experimental results show that CLSI outperforms LSI, Regularized LSI, and latent Dirichlet allocation in many aspects, and thus, proves to be an effective approach.
On the gravity and geoid effects of glacial isostatic
adjustment in Fennoscandia - a short note
Authors: Sjöberg L. E.
Published: March 2016

Many geoscientists argue that there is a gravity
low of 10-30 mGal in Fennoscandia as a remaining fingerprint
of the last ice age and load, both vanished about
10 kyr ago. However, the extraction of the gravity signal
related with Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) is complicated
by the fact that the total gravity field is caused by
many significant density distributions in the Earth. Here
we recall a methodology originating with A. Bjerhammar
35 years ago, that emphasizes that the present land uplift
phenomenon mainly occurs in the region thatwas covered
by the ice cap, and it is highly correlated with the spectral
window of degrees 10-22 of the global gravity field, whose
lower limit fairly well corresponds to the wavelength that
agrees with the size of the region. This implies that, although
in principle the GIA is a global phenomenon, the
geoid and gravity lows as well as the land upheaval in
Fennoscandia are typically regional phenomena that cannot
be seen in a global correlation study as it is blurred by
many irrelevant gravity signals. It is suggested that a regional
multi-regression analysis with a band-limited spectral
gravity signal as the observable, a method tested already
2 decades ago, can absorb possible significant disturbing
signals, e.g. from topographic and crustal depth
variations, and thereby recover the GIA signal.
Crystal structure of chlorido(2,2′-((1E,1′E)-(((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis(azanylylidene))bis(methylylidene))diphenolato-κ
4
N,N′,O,O′)iron(III), C20H20ClFeN2O2
Authors: Chen Xia , Xue Chongchong , Zhang Daopeng
Published: March 2016

C20H20ClFeN2O2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.7346(3) Å, b = 15.2594(5) Å, c = 13.9586(6) Å, β = 93.445(3)°, V = 1857.11(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0425, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0988, Flack parameter = 0.0(2), T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-nitro-1-phenylethyl)-3-oxopyrrolidinium chloride, C15H19N2O5Cl
Authors: Bhatt Nilay , Samipillai Marivale , Das Sukant Kishore , Kruger Hendrik Gert , Govender Thavendran , Maguire Glenn E.M.
Published: March 2016

C15H19N2O5Cl, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.2232(9) Å, b = 8.5833(10) Å, c = 12.5916(13) Å, β = 100.713(5)°, V = 833.39 Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0331, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0870, T = 173 K.
Crystal structure of diaqua(μ2-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diylbis(1H-imidazole)-κ2
N:N′)tetrakis(3-carboxy-5-ethylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)dizinc(II), C54H50N8O18Zn2
Authors: Xiao-Ling Li , Ke-Qiang Wang , Zhao-Xiao Li , Xue Zhang
Published: March 2016

C54H50N8O18Zn2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 14.5349(5) Å, b = 17.3183(5) Å, c = 20.8872(7) Å, V = 5257.7(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0401, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1185, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2,2′-diamino-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid dihydrate, C14H16N2O6
Authors: Dikhtiarenko Alla , Olivos Suarez Alma I. , Pustovarenko Alexey , García-Granda Santiago , Gascon Jorge
Published: March 2016

C14H16N2O6, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.0254(5) Å, b = 11.2726(6) Å, c = 13.4494(7) Å, α = 111.535(2)°, β = 92.068(2)°, γ = 102.644(2)°, V = 1368.16(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.047, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.133, T = 150 K.
Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate, C15H23N3O7
Authors: Schutte-Smith Marietjie , Visser Hendrik G. , Roodt Andreas
Published: March 2016

C7H3N2O7, C8H20N, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 11.477(3) Å, b = 6.858(1) Å, c = 21.254(5) Å, β = 92.96(1)°, V = 1670.6(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1279, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of (R)-1-(1-(6-fluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)ethyl)-3-phenylthiourea
Authors: Wang Xiao-Juan
Published: March 2016

C16H14FN3S2, orthorhombic, P 21, a = 7.1583(9) Å, b = 28.524(4) Å, c = 7.6021(8) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 94.443(11)°, γ = 90.00°, V = 1547.6(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0547, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1346, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ
2-1,4-bis((1H-imidiazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ
2
N:N′)-(μ
2-4,4′-(1,2-phenylenebis(oxy)dibenzoato-κ
4
O,O′:O′′,O′′′)nickel(II)], C34H26O6N4Ni
Authors: Yan Yongnian , Qi Yanjuan
Published: March 2016

C34H26O6N4Ni, monoclinic, P2

1
/c, a = 11.4709(19) Å, b = 13.328(2) Å, c = 20.062(3) Å, β = 94.305(3)°, V = 3058.5(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0868, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaquabis(μ2-3-carboxybenzene-1,2-dicarboxylato-1:2κ2
O:O′)-(μ2-1,4-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-benzene-1:1′κ2
N:N′)dizinc(II)], [Zn2(C26H26N4)(C9H4O6)2(H2O)2]
Authors: Xu Chunying , Li Jili , Lei Song , Li Shenshen , Su Tong
Published: March 2016

The structure of C22H19N2O7Zn, has a triclinic(P-1) symmetry. a = 8.1731(16) Å, b = 8.7150(17) Å, c = 15.396(3) Å, α = 75.40(3)°, β = 79.26(3)°, γ = 71.82(3)°, V = 1001.3(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0320, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0768, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[2,2′-bipyridinyl-6,6′-dicarboxylato-κ
4
N,N′,O,O′)-(μ
2-2,2′-bipyridinyl-6′-carboxyl-6-carboxylato-κ
5
N,N′,O,O′:O′′)samarium(III)] monohydrate, C24H13N4O8Sm · H2O
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhu Mei
Published: March 2016

C24H15N4O9Sm, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 6.780(2) Å, b = 27.939(8) Å, c = 11.546(4) Å, β = 101.630(4)°, V = 2142.1(12) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0221, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0587, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 5-(4-pyridyl)pyrimidine–4,4′-bipyridine–1,3,5-benzenetriol–water (1:1:1:1), C25H23N5O4
Authors: Xu Wen-Jun , Qi De-Qiang , You Jin-Zong , Wang Xue-Jie , Zhang Yi-Ping , Hu Fei-Fei , Bian Jia-Ying , Yang Chun-Xia , Huang Juan
Published: March 2016

C25H23N5O4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.157(2) Å, b = 9.262(2) Å, c = 15.465(4) Å, α = 87.887(4)°, β = 89.803(4)°, γ = 72.727(4)°, V = 1114.9(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0755, wR
ret
(F
2
) = 0.184, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of 5-hydroxy-4-((4-hydroxyphenyl)imino)naphthalen-1(4H)-one monohydrate, C16H11NO3 · 0.5H2O
Authors: Benites Julio , Valderrama Jaime A. , Estela Cynthia , Ríos David , Cárdenas Alejandro , Brito Iván
Published: March 2016

C16H11NO3·H2O, triclinic, P-1 (no. 2), a = 7.4445(3) Å, b = 13.7846(7) Å, c = 14.0875(9) Å, α = 109.945(5)°, β = 101.686(4)°, γ = 101.735(4)°, V = 1271.15(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.034, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.093, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile, C16H12N2O2F2
Authors: Zhang Guang-Hui
Published: March 2016

C16H12F2N2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.2109(11) Å, b = 10.957(1) Å, c = 20.2646(18) Å, β = 101.411(9)°, V = 2875.4(4) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0529, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1649, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium hexachloridotantalate(V), C8H20Cl6NTa
Authors: Koen Renier , Visser Hendrik G. , Roodt Andreas
Published: March 2016

C8H20Cl6N1Ta1, monoclinic, P
2
1/n (no. 14), a = 7.1550(4) Å, b = 10.0090(6) Å, c = 11.6290(4) Å, β = 98.487(5)°, V = 823.7(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0207, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0531, T = 100(2) K.
Crystal structure of tetraethylammonium fac-tricarbonyl(hexafluoroacetylacetonato-κ
2O,O′)-(nitrato-κO)rhenium(I), C16H21O8N2F6Re
Authors: Manicum Amanda-Lee , Schutte-Smith Marietjie , Visser Hendrik G. , Pretorius Carla , Roodt Andreas
Published: March 2016

C16H21O8N2F6Re, triclinic, P1̅, a = 9.161(5) Å, b = 10.283(5) Å, c = 12.974(5) Å, α = 87.739(5)°, β = 78.339(5)°, γ = 75.047(5)°, V = 1156.3(10) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.037, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1012, T = 100(2) K.
1,3-Oxazinan-2-ones via carbonate chemistry: a facile, high yielding synthetic approach
Authors: Aricò Fabio , Bravo Sara , Crisma Marco , Tundo Pietro
Published: March 2016

A high yielding synthesis of 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones starting from 3-amino-1-propanols and ethylene carbonate (EC) in the presence of catalytic amount of triazabicyclodecene (TBD) is herein reported. The formation of six-membered cyclic carbonates was achieved by intermolecular cyclization reaction via double BAc2 mechanism. Cyclization reactions have been carried out in neat as EC acted both as solvent and reagent. Pure 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones were isolated in high yield by simple liquid-liquid extraction. Further purification can be achieved by recrystallization. The reaction resulted of general application on different substrates including an aryl bis(3-amino-proan-1-ol) compound.
New opportunities in the stereoselective dearomatization of indoles
Authors: Manoni Elisabetta , De Nisi Assunta , Bandini Marco
Published: March 2016

The regio- and stereoselective dearomatization of indoles is realized for the first time by combining readily available indolyl precursors and electron-rich allenes, namely allenamides and aryloxyallenes. Inter- as well as intramolecular condensations were realized under gold and Brønsted acid catalysis providing a range of densely functionalized indoline and indolenine cores in high yields and excellent stereochemical outcome. Chemodivergent reaction profiles (Micheal-type addition vs. [2+2]-cycloaddition) were realized by a tailored design of both reaction conditions and functionalization of the reaction partners.
Prototypical tense–aspect alignment and the tense deficit in the spontaneous speech of Spanish-speaking children with SLI
Authors: Grinstead John , Lintz Paij , De la Mora Juliana , Cantú-Sánchez Myriam , Flores Blanca
Published: March 2016

The Aspect-First Hypothesis observes that children tend to associate the lexical semantics of predicates with grammatical aspect marking and tense, and children with SLI are known to have problems with tense. A theoretical question raised by these facts is whether the SLI difficulty with tense is limited to morphosyntax, or whether it extends to the lexical semantics implicated in the Aspect-First phenomenon as well. In previous work, children with SLI have been less consistent than controls in their Aspect-First prototypical tense–aspect groupings. In the current project, we study the spontaneous production data of 38 five-year-old monolingual Spanish-speakers in Mexico, half of whom are diagnosed with SLI and half of whom are age-matched controls. We coded the spontaneous production of each child’s 20- to 30-minute language sample for tense, grammatical aspect and lexical aspect to determine: (1) whether each group followed Aspect-First prototypical tense–aspect groupings and (2) whether children in the SLI and TD groups were different from one another in their tense–aspect distributions. Children in both groups appeared to follow the Aspect-First prototypes, in contrast to comprehension findings. SLI children were not significantly different from TD children in their distribution of predicates, as a function of tense and lexical aspect, contra elicited production results from English. Results are discussed in terms of methodological and comprehension-production differences.
Dative subjects in Germanic
Authors: Barðdal Jóhanna , Arnett Carlee , Carey Stephen Mark , Eythórsson Thórhallur , Jenset Gard B. , Kroonen Guus , Oberlin Adam
Published: March 2016

One of the functions of the dative is to mark non-prototypical subjects, i. e. subjects that somehow deviate from the agentive prototype. The Germanic languages, as all subbranches of Indo-European (cf. Barðdal et al. 2012. Reconstructing constructional semantics: The dative subject construction in Old Norse‐Icelandic, Latin, Ancient Greek, Old Russian and Old Lithuanian. Studies in Language 36(3). 511–547), exhibit structures where the subject or the subject-like argument is not in the nominative case, but in the accusative, dative or genitive, for instance. The focus of this article is on the dative, leaving accusative and genitive subjects aside, in particular homing in on lexical semantic similarities and differences between the individual Germanic languages. We compare Modern Icelandic, Modern Faroese, and Modern German, on the one hand, and the historical Germanic languages, i. e. Gothic, Old English, Old Saxon, Old High German, Middle English, Middle Dutch, Middle German, Old Norse-Icelandic and Old Swedish, on the other. The goal is to document the semantic development of the construction across time. This, in turn, is a part of a more general research program aiming at reconstructing the origin and the development of the Dative Subject Construction in Germanic and Indo-European. As the Germanic languages are both genealogically and areally related, we suggest a computational model aiming at disentangling genealogical and geographical factors, in order to estimate to which degree the two interact with each other across languages and across historical eras.
β-K2Se2 and K2Se4: missing links in the binary system K-Se
Authors: Thiele Günther , Vondung Lisa , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: March 2016

Two missing compounds within the binary K-Se system have been synthesized and structurally characterized by means of single-crystal diffraction. β-K2Se2 comprises cell parameters that are in line with predictions made from the series α/β-A2Chx. K2Se4, in contrast, incorporates “Se5
2–” chains with 50% occupation of the terminal selenium atoms, and has been synthesized on a rather unconventional solvothermal pathway employing successively mercury and ethylene dithiol as solvents.
Die Debatte über den Titel der „Didache“
Authors: Koch Dietrich-Alex
Published: March 2016

Abstract: According to many scholars the extant text of the “Didache” has two different titles, and it is debated which title is the original one. But this is not in accordance with manuscript H 54, the only witness of the text of the Didache, and most modern editions misrepresent the beginning of the Didache in H 54. In this article it is argued that, just as it is in H 54, the so-called long title is the introduction to the “Teaching of the Two Ways”. Together with 6,1–3 this introduction frames the traditional Jewish teaching which functions as Christian Baptism catechism for non-Jewish neophytes. They are encouraged, but not obliged to fulfil the Jewish law. It is only obligatory to abstain from food sacrificed to idols.
Die πανοπλία Gottes. Eph 6,11–17 als Reflexion der Belagerung einer Stadt
Authors: Neumann Nils
Published: March 2016

The image of „God’s Armor“ in Eph 6,11–17 is modeled, on the one hand, after biblical traditions, taking formulations from the book of Isaiah (Isa 11,5; 52,7; 59,17). But on the other hand the author of Ephesians also adds some elements to the image that do not have any equivalents in Isaiah or other biblical texts. These extra elements in Ephesians are the sword, the shield, the mention of the military term πανοπλία („armor“), and the sandals. The naming of these additional items is based on first century knowledge about the equipment of a Roman legionnaire. As can be shown by comparison to descriptions of ancient Roman warfare in Josephus and Polybius, the wearer of God’s armor in Ephesians is figuratively positioned in a concrete battle situation, namely the siege of a town wall. The author of Eph 6,11–17 imagines the present life of the Christian community as a dramatic situation that can be compared to a battle. With the sword of God’s word in their hands the members of the Christian community are supposed to defend the wall of their fortress against the attacks of the forces of evil.
Weitergedacht: Das versöhnende Weihegeschenk Gottes in Röm 3,25
Authors: Schreiber Stefan
Published: March 2016

In response to criticisms of my proposal to understand the term ἱλαστήριον in Rom 3,25 as “votive offering”, both theologically and lexicographically, this article tries to develop the matter a step further. Therefore, it first discusses the various problems concerning the widely held interpretation that the term refers to the “mercy seat” of Lev 16LXX and describes the death of Jesus as the establishment of a new place of atonement. Furthermore, the philological possibility of translating ἱλαστήριον as “votive offering” or, more precisely, as “propitiatory offering” is elaborated in detail. Finally, the article discusses the application of the ancient practice of propitiatory offerings to Rom 3,25, directing attention to its possible reception by the listeners and to the theological significance of this process.
“Flesh” and “Spirit” in Qumran Sapiential Literature as the Background to the Use in Pauline Epistles
Authors: Wold Benjamin
Published: March 2016

Zu den Traditionen, die den paulinischen Gebrauch von „Geist“ und „Fleisch“ beeinflusst und geformt haben könnten, gehört die palästinische Weisheitsliteratur, vor allem 4QInstruction (4Q415–418; 4Q423; 1Q26). Dieser Aufsatz nimmt den negativen Gebrauch des Wortes „Fleisch“ in den Blick, der sich sowohl in 4QInstruction als auch bei Paulus findet, stellt aber die These in Frage, dass dieser in 4QInstruction in eine dualistische Kosmologie eingebettet ist. „Fleisch“ wird in 4QInstruction mit Verderbtheit und Sünde in Verbindung gebracht, was kosmische Dimensionen, inkl. quasi-dämonischer Mächte, einschließt, steht aber niemals in einem binären Verhältnis zum Begriff „Geist“. Die weitere Analyse, wie „Fleisch“ und „Geist“ in 4QInstruction aufgefasst werden, hat zudem Implikationen für das Verständnis der Anthropologie dieser Schrift sowie für das Verständnis des Verhältnisses ihrer Trägergruppe zu göttlicher Offenbarung. Zudem werden neue Vergleichspunkte zwischen der Schrift und ausgewählten Passagen aus dem Corpus Paulinum eröffnet.
“A Law to Themselves”: Limited Universalism in Philo and Paul
Authors: Sterling Gregory E.
Published: March 2016

Philo von Alexandria bringt in seiner Beschreibung der Schöpfung und der Erzväter das Naturgesetz ins Spiel. Er behauptet, Mose habe seiner Darstellung des Gesetzes einen Bericht über die Schöpfung vorangestellt, um damit die Harmonie von Tora und Naturgesetz zu demonstrieren (Opif 3). Die Erzväter verkörperten dieses Gesetz, bevor der schriftliche Pentateuch gegeben wurde (Abr 1–6). Philo meint, dass Heiden, die Gott sahen, „Israeliten“ sind und dass unter diese auch diejenigen fallen, die sich der Philosophie widmen (Virt 65). Paulus scheint ebenfalls die Ansicht zu kennen, dass Menschen aus den Völkern das Naturgesetz halten können (Röm 2,12–16) und damit zeigen, dass sie am Herzen beschnitten sind (Röm 2,25–29). Philo und Paulus haben in diesen Erörterungen vier Hauptanliegen gemeinsam: Beide glauben, dass Menschen aus den Völkern das Gesetz halten können; beide verbinden das Naturgesetz mit dem Gesetz des Mose; die zwei gehören zu den frühesten Zeugen für die Vorstellung des „Gewissens“, obwohl sie den Begriff unterschiedlich nutzen; und beide verstehen die „Beschneidung“ als Beschneidung des Herzens, auch wenn sie sich darüber uneins sind, ob die physische Beschneidung wichtig ist. Diese Ähnlichkeiten legen nahe, dass Paulus die Art universalisierender Argumente, die Philo verwendet, kannte und sie aus rhetorischen Gründen in Röm 2 nutzte.
Rising Oseltamivir Use Among Hospitalized Children in a Postpandemic Era
Authors: Williams Joshua T.B. , Cunningham Maureen A. , Wilson Karen M. , Rao Suchitra
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Oseltamivir prescribing among pediatric inpatients with influenza varied from 2% to 48% prior to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. After the pandemic, prescribing guidelines were expanded, and studies reported benefits for hospitalized children. Post-pandemic prescribing practices among children are unclear.

OBJECTIVES:

To report the rate of oseltamivir use and to identify factors associated with its use among inpatients with confirmed influenza infection from 2010 to 2014 at a tertiary children’s hospital.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of inpatients with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza from December 2010 to April 2014 at Children’s Hospital Colorado. The primary outcome was oseltamivir use. Variables regarding demographics, underlying medical conditions, diagnoses, and hospital course were also explored. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Among 395 inpatients with influenza, 323 (82%) received oseltamivir. In univariate analyses, oseltamivir use was associated with admission within 48 hours of symptom onset (89% vs 77%), ICU admission (88% vs 79%), longer length of stay (90% for >6 days vs 77% for ≤2 days), and influenza A H1N1 infection (P < .05 for all). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, longer length of stay, illness during the 2013–2014 season, and admission within 48 hours of symptom onset were associated with higher odds of oseltamivir use.

CONCLUSIONS:

Oseltamivir use for children with influenza in the postpandemic era is increasing at our institution, aligning with official recommendations and reported benefits. We report highest use for patients in the 2013–2014 season, those who present early in their illness, and those requiring a prolonged hospital stay.
Retrospective Comparison of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Oral Chloral Hydrate for Sedated Auditory Brainstem Response Exams
Authors: Reynolds Jason , Rogers Amber , Capehart Samantha , Manyang Peter , Watcha Mehernoor F.
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE:

Satisfactory conditions for auditory brainstem responses (ABR) screening tests for pediatric hearing loss are usually achieved with oral chloral hydrate (CH) sedation. When the US manufacture of this drug was discontinued for business reasons, we developed an alternative sedation regimen using intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN DEX) 4 μg/kg. This institutional review board–approved retrospective study compared the efficacy and adverse effect profiles of these 2 sedative regimens.

METHODS:

Medical records of children receiving oral CH or IN DEX for ABR were surveyed for demographic data and times from sedative administration to start and completion of the ABR procedure and recovery times. We also noted if the examination was completed with or without interruptions, failed for inadequate sedation, and if predefined cardiorespiratory adverse events occurred.

RESULTS:

In the IN DEX cohort, the examination could be completed more frequently with a single dose of medication (P = .002). Satisfactory sedation in these patients permitted an earlier start of both the ABR examination and recovery to the awake status (P < .001 and < .045, respectively). Hypoxia requiring oxygen therapy was more frequent in the CH group.

CONCLUSIONS:

This retrospective study found that IN DEX provides effective sedation for ABR examinations, with the benefits of an ability to begin the test sooner and complete the examination with a single dose, in addition to a decreased incidence of hypoxemia. A randomized controlled trial should test the hypothesis that the IN DEX technique is superior to the well-established standard oral CH regimen.
Changing Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in a US Pediatric Population
Authors: Sutter Deena E. , Milburn Emma , Chukwuma Uzo , Dzialowy Nicole , Maranich Ashley M. , Hospenthal Duane R.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infection in both adult and pediatric populations. After several decades of increasing prevalence, the proportion of S aureus infections due to methicillin-resistant S aureus has been reported to be in decline in adults. Data for similar changes in pediatric populations are limited.

METHODS:

Evaluation of S aureus susceptibility data for pediatric patients receiving care in the US Military Health System was performed. Microbiology and demographic data were collected for years 2005 through 2014. Trends in antibiotic susceptibility results were evaluated. Clinical and demographic characteristics were explored to assess for association with antibiotic susceptibilities.

RESULTS:

In this study, 41 745 S aureus isolates from 39 207 pediatric patients were included. An overall increase in susceptibility of isolates to oxacillin was noted over this 10-year period; with over 60% of isolates oxacillin-susceptible in 2014. S aureus susceptibility to clindamycin declined over the study period; notably methicillin-susceptible S aureus susceptibility to clindamycin declined from 90% to 83% (P < .0001). Differences in oxacillin susceptibility between US regions decreased over time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Similar to recent trends seen in adults, the proportion of pediatric S aureus infections secondary to methicillin-resistant S aureus appear to be decreasing, as is variability in US geographical resistance rates. Increasing clindamycin resistance among methicillin-susceptible S aureus should raise caution in the use of empirical clindamycin in presumed S aureus infection. Clinicians should be aware of regional susceptibility patterns when choosing empirical regimens.
Racial Ideology of Mestizaje and its Whitening Discourse in Memín Pinguín
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Paloma
Published: March 2016

En este artículo se analizará cómo la tira cómica Memín Pinguín, según la teoría del mestizaje de La razón cósmica de Vasconcelos, presenta una ima- gen de la democracia racial aparentemente armoniosa y engañosa que, en última instancia, revela un discurso sobre el blanqueamiento. A pesar de que diferentes razas tienen un espacio en la tira cómica, su representación es es- casa y los personajes blancos son los más representados. Los personajes ne- gros –representados exclusivamente por Memín y su madre Eufrosina- son retratados como física e intelectualmente inferiores e instrumentales. Sus ac- ciones son juzgadas y dirigidas por figuras de autoridad racialmente blancas. Estas figuras consideran las acciones de Memín y de su madre como ilógi- cas o incorrectas generalmente. De todas maneras, estas mismas figuras reducen la negritud a una presencia mínima, sin repercusión en las vidas ajenas, además de presentarla como un rasgo recesivo que iría a desapare- cer. La no-representación de la presencia negra ni de su contribución a la sociedad mexicana sigue los mismos estándares aplicados diariamente en México. Mientras los elementos visuales de la tira cómica ofrecen al lector una aparente imagen inclusiva semejante a la que proclama el mestizaje, el discurso y las interacciones de los personajes introducen otras dinámicas menos inclusivas. 
Action Research: Fostering Students’ Oral Production in the EFL Class
Authors: Bula Villalobos Olmedo
Published: March 2016

El habla es una característica notable de los seres humanos. La gente habla a diario con el fin de comunicarse e intercambiar información significativa. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de tal habilidad en los estudiantes que están aprendiendo una segunda lengua es muy importante. Este estudio reflexiona sobre la experiencia de usar tres actividades para hablar: 1- un juego de roles, 2- una entrevista y 3- estaciones de trabajo del habla para fomentar la pro- ducción oral de los estudiantes en una clase de ILE (Inglés como Lengua Ex- tranjera). Adicionalmente, la metodología y el plan de acción son abordados. Con base en la investigación acción, este estudio informa sobre el uso y las sutilezas de estas actividades para hablar. La efectividad e implementación de estas actividades son también discutidas en este documento. Uno de los principales hallazgos de la investigación lo constituye la relevancia de estas actividades cuando se enseña la habilidad de hablar. Finalmente, este proyecto de investigación fue especialmente útil ya que acentúa la conciencia de las convicciones de enseñanza del investigador. 
English for Specific Purposes: Brief History and Definitions
Authors: González Ramírez Carolina
Published: March 2016

Inglés con Fines Específicos (o ESP por sus siglas en inglés) nació en la década de 1960 como un área dedicada al análisis de textos técnicos. El énfasis en el uso del lenguaje en lugar de su forma se fortaleció a finales de la década, al igual que la tendencia de desarrollo de materiales. Las décadas de 1970 y 1980 vieron la consolidación del movimiento a partir del énfasis en las destrezas del lenguaje y el gran aumento en investigación. Se introdujeron conceptos claves tales como género, movimientos retóricos y asesor especialista. La investigación en el área ha prosperado en los últimos 20 años, especialmente en el ámbito internacional, donde nuevas revistas especializadas y la gran cantidad de artículos presentados para publicación comprueban la actual relevancia del área. Así como ha evolucio- nado el campo de ESP, así también han cambiado las definiciones dadas a este. Ya sea que ESP se considere una estrategia o una disciplina, o que cambien sus características o variables, ESP siempre se ha adaptado y continuará adaptán- dose para satisfacer las necesidades vocacionales o profesionales de su población meta, por lo que siempre tendrá un valor añadido de inmediatez y actualidad, pues como lo indica Harding (2007), ESP enseña el lenguaje para llevar a cabo (“the language for getting things done” (p. 6). 
El estudio de las relaciones internacionales en China antigua: el Sistema tributario en la dinastía Ming
Authors: Tzili Apango Eduardo , Martínez Ruiz Itzel , Fierro de Jesús Tonatiuh
Published: March 2016

Los estudios sobre China, o Asia en general, ofrecen campos de investigación apropiados para la reformulación de teorías y paradigmas. Tal es el caso de la teoría del Sistema tributario, la cual ha explicado la historia de las relaciones internacionales de China durante medio siglo al menos. Básicamente, esta teoría afirma que las relaciones entre China y sus vecinos fueron de carácter tributario, en las que las dinastías chinas fungieron como receptoras de honores y tributos, mientras que los pueblos circundantes tuvieron que acatar esta dinámica. Sin embargo, recientes investigaciones apuntan a que este tipo de vínculos no fue la norma. Nuestro estudio se enfoca en las relaciones de la dinastía Ming con pueblos del norte y del sursureste. No pretendemos resolver cues- tiones históricas, sino, más bien, fomentar preguntas de investigación que ahonden futuros académicos. Nuestra hipótesis es que las relaciones tributarias solo se dieron en el nivel de gobierno mientras en el nivel de sociedad funcionó otro tipo de dinámica. Nuestra investigación nos lleva a concluir que, al menos durante Ming, las relaciones tributarias tuvie- ron auge y caída, pero las relaciones sociales se mantuvieron pese a la inexistencia de relaciones tributarias. 
MAX Phases: Understanding of Erosion, Corrosion and Oxidation Resistance Properties in TiAlSiCN and TiCrSiCN Compositions
Authors: Manulyk Alexander
Published: March 2016

Newly discovered MAX phases are attractive due to their unique combined properties: mechanical, high temperature, erosion and corrosion resistance. These materials are considered metallic and ceramic at the same time, and they could be the perfect solution for a variety of industrial and scientific applications. In this study, detailed attention has been paid to complex compositions of several transition metals, such as Ti and Cr in TiCrSiCN, whereas Al and Si are recommended for TiAlSiCN. These materials require a combination of both C and N to form the MAX phases (in the “X” position in the formula M(n+1)AXn). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of these elements located at the “M”, “A” and “X” positions on the mechanical properties of the materials. The results of the thermogravimetric analysis of TiCrSiCN showed that this phase is stable at temperatures as high as 1400 °C, while the Ti3SiC2 phase is stable up to 1300 °C.
Soluble Silicates as Additives for Self-Sealing and Self-Healing Concrete
Authors: Rendon Diaz Miron L. E. , Lara Magaña M. E.
Published: March 2016

Tensile strength of concrete is limited and therefore is sensitive to crack formation. Steel reinforcement is added to bear the tensile forces; nonetheless, this does not completely omit crack formation. Repair of cracks in concrete is time-consuming and expensive. Self-sealing and self-healing of cracks upon appearance would therefore be a convenient property. We propose a mechanism to obtain self-repair of the concrete by adding soluble silicates (ASS) which will induce a self-sealing and self-healing process catalyzed by natural periods of wet and dry states of the concrete. Self-sealing approaches prevent the ingress of harsh chemical substances which may deteriorate the concrete matrix. This can be achieved by self-healing of concrete cracks (e.g. further cement hydration, calcium carbonate precipitation) and autonomous healing (e.g. further hydration of partially soluble silicates added as healing agents). The autogenous healing efficiency depends on the amount of deposited reaction products (ASS), its solubility (ratio of calcium to sodium silicate), the availability of water, and the crack width (restricted by adding microfibers). The self-sealing efficiency is generally evaluated by measuring the decrease in water permeability and air flow through the crack. The healing efficiency is usually evaluated by testing concrete´s regain in mechanical properties after crack formation; by reloading the cracked and autonomously healed specimen and comparing the obtained mechanical properties with the original ones. Self-sealing and self-healing of concrete gives a broad perspective and new possibilities to make future concrete structures more durable.
Diseño y elaboración de un sistema de adoquines de bajo costo y material reciclado para construcciones en núcleos rurales
Authors: Di Marco Morales Raúl Omar
Published: March 2016

Este trabajo de investigación se desarrolla a partir de la hipótesis de la utilización de desechos sólidos de PET (Tereftalato de Polietileno) como sustituto de áridos (arena), ingrediente de morteros, en la fabricación de componentes constructivos y específicamente de adoquines.   El artículo presenta los resultados del estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas de distintos morteros cuyo contenido de árido se reemplazó por partículas o escamas de PET en distintas proporciones. Así mismo se muestra la comparación y evaluación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los morteros en estudio con los convencionales mediante ensayos de granulometría, absorción y resistencia a la flexión.  Todo ello permitió determinar que las partículas de PET en adoquines puede ser usado como un posible sustituto de áridos, ya que se obtuvieron adoquines con 35% de reemplazo de la arena, que presentaron similar absorción (aceptable) y resistencias por encima a las exigidas por la norma: NTC 2017.
Modelo de intervención para servicios de consultoría social en ingeniería
Authors: González Tarazona Nelson Enrique , Moreno González María Consuelo
Published: March 2016

El artículo denominado Modelo de Intervención para Servicios de Consultoría Social en Ingeniería forma parte de los resultados del proyecto Marketing Ambiental para la Recuperación de la Cañada La Calavera como escenario ecológico-lúdico-turístico, experiencia piloto para futura implementación en el área de jurisdicción de la CDMB y consiste en una propuesta de un Modelo de Intervención para Consultoría Social en Ingeniería (MICOSI).  En este documento se exponen los cinco niveles de acción del modelo aplicados al caso particular de la microcuenca La Calavera.  Finalmente se presenta la esquematización de MICOSI para su posible aplicación en el análisis de problemas que comunidades no han podido solucionar por sí mismas; y que requieren de la asesoría científica de la ingeniería para su adecuada solución.
Microred solar fotovoltaica para automatización de planta compacta de potabilización de agua
Authors: Bayona Peñaloza Otto Ferney
Published: March 2016

Proporcionar acceso de agua y energía impacta profundamente una comunidad en términos de mejora de la calidad de vida, la educación y el medio ambiente. El presente artículo está basado en un trabajo de investigación cuya finalidad fue el diseño, estandarización y operación de una microred solar fotovoltaica -FV- para suplir requerimientos energéticos de una planta compacta de bajo costo en purificación del agua en Barichara (Santander-Colombia) con asistencia del software Homer Micro grid. La fiabilidad de la planta se calculó por las variaciones en la demanda de agua, y el consumo de energía de la planta en una escala de tiempo de 1 año. Se encontró que una radiación media de 5,34 kW/h/m2/d es suficiente para satisfacer la demanda de energía de la planta de potabilización con total independencia del sistema energético convencional y así cubrir las necesidades de agua de un pequeño grupo de personas en un período de un año. Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación permiten dilucidar la viabilidad del desarrollo de sistemas más complejos en áreas que no están conectados al sistema nacional de suministro de electricidad en Colombia
Reseña poemas “Esperanzas Inesperadas” del ingeniero Héctor Hernando Díaz
Authors: Moreno González María Consuelo
Published: March 2016

Como se menciona en el prólogo de Cristina Díaz y en la contraportada del libro “Esperanzas Inesperadas” editado por Sic Editorial La Casa del Libro Total en 2014, el autor es un “ingeniero de profesión y escritor por vocación”, que en esta obra ofrece al lector la oportunidad de leerlo en su faceta de poeta.
Gestão do conhecimento organizacional em empresa de prestação de serviços técnicos
Authors: Schreiber Dusan , Schaab Rafael
Published: March 2016

A gestão do conhecimento é considerada atualmente uma das fontes potenciais de constituição de diferencial competitivo organizacional. Esta realidade pode ser percebida em todos os segmentos econômicos, mas se torna mais relevante em organizações de prestação de serviços técnicos. O estudo de caso único, realizado numa empresa de prestação de serviços de disponibilização de internet via rádio, situada no Rio Grande do Sul, evidenciou, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade e análise de narrativas, com os técnicos da empresa, o processo de gestão do conhecimento, bem como as suas especificidades no seu compartilhamento e internalização.
Jogos de empresas: uma proposta para capacitar alunos de engenharia
Authors: Vergara Walter Roberto Hernandez , Barbosa Fabio Alves , Lima Alisson Viana , Yamanari Juliana Suemi , Pache Rayssa de Andrade
Published: March 2016

O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um modelo de jogo de empresas referente a uma indústria que produz três tipos de skates, levando com consideração o setor de produção e finanças especificamente, com o intuito de treinar alunos do curso de Engenharia de Produção. O jogo simula o desempenho de cinco empresas em um ambiente que concorrem entre si e disputam um mercado que possui uma demanda específica para cada tipo de skate. Os jogadores gerenciam os recursos materiais e financeiros a fim de obterem maior lucro ao final de cada período. A programação da modelagem foi feita em Microsoft Excel 2007 e foi aplicada em alunos que cursavam o nono e décimo período do curso de Engenharia de Produção. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização do jogo de empresa proporciona um melhor aprendizado pelos participantes na gestão de uma empresa, devido ao ambiente competitivo e dinâmico em que os alunos são inseridos, além de estimular os mesmos a tomarem as melhores decisões com o intuito de obter o maior ganho possível.
Política Nacional de resíduos sólidos e logística reversa de lâmpadas fluorescentes pós-consumo: estudo de caso
Authors: Cestari William , Martins Carlos Humberto
Published: March 2016

As lâmpadas fluorescentes são utilizadas cada vez mais atualmente. Consideradas lâmpadas econômicas, ao final de seu ciclo de vida tornam-se resíduos perigosos. Sua composição possui frações de mercúrio, considerado prejudicial à saúde humana. As lâmpadas fluorescentes juntamente com pneus e embalagens de agrotóxicos, tem legislação federal que estabelece e regulamenta sua destinação correta. No ano de 2010 Foi criada a Lei Federal 12.305/2010 que estabelece a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) responsabilizando empresas e consumidores pelo destino correto de seus resíduos. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de logística reversa de lâmpadas fluorescentes pós-consumo em uma instituição de ensino público. Para esta pesquisa, foi utilizado estudo de caso, entrevistas com gestores pela área de administração de materiais/almoxarifado da instituição. Como resultado da pesquisa foi identificado que a instituição de ensino não realiza a logística reversa desde o ano de 2010 acumulando material perigoso em seus almoxarifados. O artigo contribui como sugestão de melhoria no processo de logística reversa, segurança do trabalhador e prevenção de riscos ambientais.
The Evidence for Reduced Glyphosate Efficacy on Acetolactate Synthase–Inhibiting Herbicide-Resistant Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
Authors: Tehranchian Parsa , Norsworthy Jason K. , Palhano Matheus , Korres Nicholas E. , McElroy Scott , Zhang Hui , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V. , Scott Robert C.
Published: March 2016

A yellow nutsedge biotype (Res) from an Arkansas rice field has evolved resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. TheResbiotype previously exhibited cross-resistance to ALS inhibitors from four chemical families (imidazolinone, pyrimidinyl benzoate, sulfonylurea, and triazolopyrimidine). Experiments were conducted to evaluate alternative herbicides (i.e., glyphosate, bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D) currently labeled in Arkansas rice–soybean production systems. Based on the percentage of aboveground dry weight reduction, control of the yellow nutsedge biotypes with the labeled rate of bentazon, propanil, quinclorac, and 2,4-D was < 44%. Glyphosate (867 g ae ha−1) resulted in 68 and > 94% control of theResand susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, respectively, at 28 d after treatment. Dose-response studies were conducted to estimate the efficacy of glyphosate on theResbiotype, three susceptible yellow nutsedge biotypes, and purple nutsedge. Based on the dry weights, theResbiotype was ≥ 5- and ≥ 1.3-fold less responsive to glyphosate compared to the susceptible biotypes and purple nutsedge, respectively. Differences in absorption and translocation of radiolabeled glyphosate were observed among the yellow nutsedge biotypes and purple nutsedge. The susceptible biotype had less14C-glyphosate radioactivity in the tissues above the treated leaf and greater radioactivity in tissues below the treated leaf compared to theResbiotype and purple nutsedge. Reduced translocation of glyphosate in tissues below the treated leaf of theResbiotype could be a reason for the lower glyphosate efficacy in theResbiotype. No amino acid substitution that would correspond to glyphosate resistance was found in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene of theResbiotype. However, an amino acid (serine) addition was detected in the EPSPS gene of theResbiotype; albeit, it is not believed that this addition contributes to lower efficacy of glyphosate in this biotype.
Cotton Stage of Growth Determines Sensitivity to 2,4-D
Authors: Byrd Seth A. , Collins Guy D. , Culpepper A. Stanley , Dodds Darrin M. , Edmisten Keith L. , Wright David L. , Morgan Gaylon D. , Baumann Paul A. , Dotray Peter A. , Manuchehri Misha R. , Jones Andrea , Grey Timothy L. , Webster Theodore M. , Davis Jerry W. , Whitaker Jared R. , Roberts Phillip M. , Snider John L. , Porter Wesley M.
Published: March 2016

The anticipated release of EnlistTM cotton, corn, and soybean cultivars likely will increase the use of 2,4-D, raising concerns over potential injury to susceptible cotton. An experiment was conducted at 12 locations over 2013 and 2014 to determine the impact of 2,4-D at rates simulating drift (2 g ae ha−1) and tank contamination (40 g ae ha−1) on cotton during six different growth stages. Growth stages at application included four leaf (4-lf), nine leaf (9-lf), first bloom (FB), FB + 2 wk, FB + 4 wk, and FB + 6 wk. Locations were grouped according to percent yield loss compared to the nontreated check (NTC), with group I having the least yield loss and group III having the most. Epinasty from 2,4-D was more pronounced with applications during vegetative growth stages. Importantly, yield loss did not correlate with visual symptomology, but more closely followed effects on boll number. The contamination rate at 9-lf, FB, or FB + 2 wk had the greatest effect across locations, reducing the number of bolls per plant when compared to the NTC, with no effect when applied at FB + 4 wk or later. A reduction of boll number was not detectable with the drift rate except in group III when applied at the FB stage. Yield was influenced by 2,4-D rate and stage of cotton growth. Over all locations, loss in yield of greater than 20% occurred at 5 of 12 locations when the drift rate was applied between 4-lf and FB + 2 wk (highest impact at FB). For the contamination rate, yield loss was observed at all 12 locations; averaged over these locations yield loss ranged from 7 to 66% across all growth stages. Results suggest the greatest yield impact from 2,4-D occurs between 9-lf and FB + 2 wk, and the level of impact is influenced by 2,4-D rate, crop growth stage, and environmental conditions.
Influence of particle shape on small-strain damping ratio of dry sands
Authors: Payan M. , Senetakis K. , Khoshghalb A. , Khalili N.
Published: March 2016

This study reports on the significance of particle shape on the small-strain damping ratio of dry sands in shear (Ds,min) through a comprehensive set of torsional resonant column tests. Sands with a variety of grain shapes prepared at variable initial densities are studied. The samples are subjected to torsional resonant column tests under isotropic confining pressures (p′) ranging from 50 to 800 kPa. Small-strain damping ratios are derived based on the free-vibration decay mode of the samples and the results are compared with the half-power bandwidth method. The effects of grain size distribution, particle shape and effective confining stress on Ds,minare thoroughly discussed, and a new model for the prediction of small-strain damping ratio of dry sand is proposed.