bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Membranous NECTIN-4 Expression Frequently Decreases during Metastatic Spread of Urothelial Carcinoma and Is Associated with Enfortumab Vedotin Resistance
Authors: Klümper Niklas , Ralser Damian J. , Ellinger Jörg , Roghmann Florian , Albrecht Julia , Below Eduard , Alajati Abdullah , Sikic Danijel , Breyer Johannes , Bolenz Christian , Zengerling Friedemann , Erben Philipp , Schwamborn Kristina , Wirtz Ralph M. , Horn Thomas , Nagy Dora , Toma Marieta , Kristiansen Glen , Büttner Thomas , Hahn Oliver , Grünwald Viktor , Darr Christopher , Erne Eva , Rausch Steffen , Bedke Jens , Schlack Katrin , Abbas Mahmoud , Zschäbitz Stefanie , Schwab Constantin , Mustea Alexander , Adam Patrick , Manseck Andreas , Wullich Bernd , Ritter Manuel , Hartmann Arndt , Gschwend Jürgen , Weichert Wilko , Erlmeier Franziska , Hölzel Michael , Eckstein Markus
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The antibody–drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin (EV) releases a cytotoxic agent into tumor cells via binding to the membrane receptor NECTIN-4. EV was recently approved for patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) without prior assessment of the tumor receptor status as ubiquitous NECTIN-4 expression is assumed. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of membranous NECTIN-4 protein expression in primary tumors (PRIM) and patient-matched distant metastases (MET).

Experimental Design:

Membranous NECTIN-4 protein expression was measured (H-score) by IHC in PRIM and corresponding MET (N = 137) and in a multicenter EV-treated cohort (N = 47). Progression-free survival (PFS) after initiation of EV treatment was assessed for the NECTIN-4–negative/weak (H-score 0–99) versus moderate/strong (H-score 100–300) subgroup. The specificity of the NECTIN-4 IHC staining protocol was validated by establishing CRISPR-Cas9–induced polyclonal NECTIN-4 knockouts.

Results:

In our cohort, membranous NECTIN-4 expression significantly decreased during metastatic spread (Wilcoxon matched pairs P < 0.001; median H-score = 40; interquartile range, 0–140), with 39.4% of MET lacking membranous NECTIN-4 expression. In our multicenter EV cohort, absence or weak membranous NECTIN-4 expression (34.0% of the cohort) was associated with a significantly shortened PFS on EV (log-rank P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Membranous NECTIN-4 expression is frequently decreased or absent in mUC tissue. Of note, the clinical benefit of EV strongly depends on membranous NECTIN-4 expression. Thus, our results are of highest clinical relevance and argue for a critical reconsideration of the current practice and suggest that the NECTIN-4 receptor status should be determined (ideally in a metastatic/progressive lesion) before initiation of EV.

See related commentary by Aggen et al., p. 1377
Evolutionary Characteristics and Immunologic Divergence of Lung and Brain Metastasis Lesions in NSCLC
Authors: Xie Tongji , Liu Zhenghao , Li Yan , Wang Shouzheng , Zhai Yixin , Teng Fei , Hao Xuezhi , Wang Yan , Wang Hongyu , Zhang Xin , Wu Xi , Ying Jianming , Li Junling , Zhang Ye , Deng Yuefei , Xing Puyuan
Published: December 2022

Brain metastases (BM) is one of the main reasons for lung cancer-related deaths but lack prediction methods. Many patients with BMs do not benefit from immunotherapy. A comprehensive genomic analysis of matched primary tumors (PT) and their BM lesions may provide new insight into the evolutionary and immune characteristics. To describe evolutionary features and immune characteristic differences, we analyzed whole-exome sequencing data for 28 paired PT and BM samples from 14 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, we used another 26 matched PT and BM samples as a validation cohort. We found that total mutational signatures were relatively consistent between paired primary and brain metastatic tumors. Nevertheless, the shared mutations of the two lesions were fewer than the mutations present in each of the lesions alone. In the process of BM, driver genes undergo evolutionary branches. Typical driver genes, including EGFR and TP53, appear relatively conserved throughout evolution; however, specific signals are enriched in BM lesions. We found several main characteristics of lung cancer BMs that were different from primary lung cancer, such as genomic instability, novel driver genes, tumor mutation burden, and BM lesion private neoantigens. In addition, the estimated timing of dissemination showed that BMs might occur early in lung cancer.

Implications:

Mechanistic insight from this study provides new insight into the biology of the metastatic brain process and a new beneficial approach for preventing and treating lung cancer BMs.
O programa literário de Raul Pompeia: estilo sutil, ritmo eloquente
Authors: Severo Marconi
Published: December 2022

O estudo do programa literário e estilístico de Raul Pompeia é o foco deste artigo. Para analisá-lo, foram utilizadas fontes primárias e secundárias, isto é, foram analisadas tanto as interpretações que o próprio escritor possuía de sua obra e de seus críticos como também as análises críticas (atuais e da época). Com foco em suas crônicas e em sua obra-prima Canções sem metro, os achados permitem afirmar que a principal característica do legado literário de Pompeia consiste no fato de ter conferido ao texto em prosa o mesmo aspecto rítmico da poesia: o ritmo torna-se sinônimo de eloquência literária, sendo a sua correta manifestação o objetivo primeiro de uma obra verdadeiramente artística.
As Variedades ou Ensaios de Literatura: uma revista literária?
Authors: Silva Leonardo Gonçalves
Published: December 2022

A revista As Variedades ou Ensaios de Literatura foi o primeiro periódico literário publicado no Brasil em 1811, impressa na tipografia Silva Serva, a primeira tipografia particular do país. Tendo publicado apenas dois números, nas páginas da revista encontram-se textos de cunho histórico e filosófico, ensaios sobre costumes e valores, relatos de viagens e anedotas. Contudo, apesar do título, não foi publicada nenhuma poesia, novela ou texto ficcional. Através da pesquisa nos números da revista e diálogo com outras fontes, procura este trabalho analisar o conteúdo da revista com base no conceito de literatura que se tinha à época, apresentando também o contexto em que As Variedades surgiu. Conclui que, apesar dos textos apresentados não serem ficcionais ou poéticos, essa revista pioneira pode ser definida como literária, segundo a visão da época.
Ecos da lira camoniana na obra poética de Eugénio Tavares
Authors: Sales Sinei Ferreira
Published: December 2022

Aproximar Eugénio Tavares e Camões, por si, já daria um extenso diálogo, haja vista a importância destes dois ícones para suas respectivas nações. No entanto, neste ensaio objetivamos discutir, brevemente, os ecos da lírica camoniana na produção poética de Eugénio Tavares, analisando a tópica amorosa. Para tanto, focaremos nas permanências e nas rupturas produzidas pelo poeta cabo-verdiano em seus poemas e canções, observando, principalmente, o posicionamento do sujeito poético diante do seu objeto amado. Como suporte teórico para nossas análises, empregaremos os recursos do comparatismo literário, em sua vertente comunitária cultural do macrossistema das literaturas de língua portuguesa, assim como os exercícios ensaísticos de Jorge de Sena e de Cleonice Berardinelli, além dos trabalhos do cabo-verdianista Genivaldo Sobrinho.
Attendance at Supervised Exercise Sessions and Walking Outcomes in Peripheral Artery Disease: Results From 2 Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Hammond Michael M. , Tian Lu , Zhao Lihui , Zhang Dongxue , McDermott Mary M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Supervised exercise therapy (SET) is the first‐line therapy for walking impairment in peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study evaluated the association between attendance at SET and improved walking performance, compared with a control group, in PAD.

Methods and Results

Data from 2 randomized clinical trials of SET for PAD were combined. In each trial, participants were randomized to 3 times weekly supervised treadmill exercise or an attention control group for 6 months (maximum, 77 exercise sessions). Participants randomized to SET were categorized into tertiles, according to the proportion of exercise sessions they attended. Results adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline walking performance, comorbidities, and other potential confounders. A total of 272 participants with PAD (mean age, 67.9±9.3 years; 44% women; 61% Black race) were included. For participants randomized to SET, tertiles of attendance rates at exercise sessions were as follows: 11% to 68% (N=45), 69% to <85% (N=46), and ≥85% (N=46). Compared with control, mean improvement in 6‐minute walk was significantly greater in each SET tertile: mean (95% CI) for tertile 1, 27.9 m (1.3–54.4 m;
P
=0.04), tertile 2, 38.2 m (12.2–64.2 m;
P
=0.001), and tertile 3, 56.9 m (29.9–83.8 m;
P
<0.0001). Among participants randomized to SET, greater SET attendance was associated with greater improvement in 6‐minute walk distance (overall
P
for trend=0.025). Compared with control, improvement in maximal treadmill walking time was greater in each SET attendance tertile: tertile 1 (3.3 minutes [95% CI, 1.7–4.8 minutes];
P
<0.0001), tertile 2 (3.8 minutes [95% CI, 2.3–5.3 minutes];
P
<0.0001), and tertile 3 (5.4 minutes [95% CI, 3.9–7.0 minutes];
P
:<0.0001). Among participants randomized to SET, greater attendance at SET was not significantly associated with greater improvement in maximal treadmill walking time (overall
P
for trend=0.064).

Conclusions

Among people with PAD randomized to SET, better attendance at exercise sessions was associated with significantly greater 6‐minute walk improvement. Among all participants with PAD, even relatively low SET attendance was associated with significantly greater improvement in walking performance, compared with a control group who did not exercise.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01408901
. URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00106327
« L’Algèbre apprend à discourir » La notion de problème de Peletier à Descartes
Authors: Cifoletti Giovanna
Published: December 2022

Lucien Febvre proposait d’étudier comment se formait la raison des gens du XVIe siècle, notamment en langue, logique et mathématiques. Il se trouve que c’est autour de ces trois éléments que Jacques Peletier du Mans écrivit son L’algèbre en 1554 et René Descartes ses Regulae. J’avais montré ailleurs, par une étude lexicale, comment la notion de problème est cruciale dans les Regulae. Je mets ici en évidence les nombreuses correspondances entre les textes algébriques du XVIe siècle et les propos de Descartes concernant la formulation de problèmes, où ils sont transformés en équations. Je montre aussi que, quand Peletier écrit « L’algèbre apprend à discourir », il explicite une posture épistémologique interne à l’algèbre abaciste qui prit consistance en Occident avec la réforme de la dialectique. L’algèbre en particulier et les mathématiques en général ont ainsi peu à peu pris la place de la dialectique comme un art de penser.
L’art de l’analyse de Christiaan Huygens de l’Algebra à la Geometria
Authors: Paoloni Bertrand
Published: December 2022

Célébré par la plupart de ses commentateurs pour la qualité démonstrative de ses traités, le savant Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) présente un tout autre style dans ses écrits préparatoires. L’ambivalence entre son approche analytique, nourrie par les innovations algébriques de son époque, et l’ordre synthétique de ses publications, a entretenu une illusion persistante sur la véritable nature de son mode opératoire mathématique. L’examen de ses cahiers d’étude et de ses notes de travail montre clairement que Christiaan Huygens était un adepte de la méthode de Fermat, qu’il a utilisée pour une grande variété de problèmes tout au long de sa carrière. Dans le prolongement des études de Giovanna Cifoletti sur ladite méthode et sur sa diffusion, cet article se concentre sur la place de l’oeuvre de Fermat dans le développement de l’art de l’analyse de Huygens, depuis ses premières années de formation (1645-1646) jusqu’à la publication de la Geometria (1659).
La géométrie par problèmes. D’Ozanam à Clairaut puis La Chapelle
Authors: Bernard Alain
Published: December 2022

Le mode d’organisation par problèmes qui caractérise les Éléments de Géométrie d’Alexis Clairaut (1741) trouve plausiblement son origine dans l’introduction d’une catégorie éditoriale nouvelle dans une des éditions françaises des huit livres d’Euclide par le père Jésuite Claude-François Milliet-Dechales (1677) : celle des « Usages » adjoints à certaines propositions. La transformation de cette nouveauté éditoriale dans les commentaires de Jacques Ozanam au texte de Dechales en 1690, puis sa réélaboration dans son Cours mathématiques de 1693, conduit à un dispositif d’introduction à la géométrie très proche de ce que proposera ensuite Clairaut, moyennant plusieurs simplifications drastiques. Cette reconstruction est étayée par la lecture que proposera plus tard La Chapelle, dans ses Institutions de Géométrie (1746) aussi bien des « Usages » de Dechales et d’Ozanam que de la méthode d’exposition de Clairaut. Nous montrons au passage que La Chapelle s’inspire largement de cette dernière.
Crawford’s Multilateralism and the International Court of Justice
Authors: McIntyre Juliette
Published: December 2022

Over the course of his distinguished career, one of the central focus points in the work of Judge James Crawford was the role for the International Court of Justice in multilateral disputes and those engaging community norms. There are two judicial procedures in respect of which the multilateral or communitarian nature of the dispute is particularly contentious: standing, and intervention. This paper considers the Court’s most recent jurisprudence in respect of these procedures, with particular attention paid to Crawford’s own engagement with this field as both a scholar and Judge.
Idiocerine leafhopper genus Paraidioscopus Maldonado-Capriles (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae) in the Indian subcontinent with description of one new species
Authors: VIRAKTAMATH C.A. , YESHWANTH H.M.
Published: December 2022

Genus Paraidioscopus Maldonado-Capriles is rediagnosed. One new species, Paraidioscopus andamanicus sp. nov. (Andaman & Nicobar Is: Diglipur) is described and illustrated. One new combination Paraidioscopus unimaculatus (Melichar) comb. nov. is proposed for Idiocerus unimaculatus Melichar from Sri Lanka and it is redescribed and illustrated. A key to known species of Paraidioscopus from the Oriental region is given.
Redescription of Euastacus clydensis Riek, 1969 (Crustacea: Parastacidae), a valid species of spiny crayfish from southern New South Wales, Australia
Authors: VAN DER WAL CARA , AHYONG SHANE T. , LO NATHAN , HO SIMON Y. W. , MCCORMACK ROBERT B.
Published: December 2022

The Giant Sydney Crayfish (Euastacus spinifer (Heller, 1865)) was thought to have a wide range in New South Wales, Australia, spanning some 600 km north–south. A recent extensive molecular phylogenetic and population genomic analysis of E. spinifer across its geographical range revealed strong population structure corresponding to several major geographically correlated clades, the southernmost clade being the most genetically divergent and clearly a separate species. This southern clade corresponds to the junior synonym E. clydensis Riek, 1969 and is sister to the clade comprising the remaining populations of E. spinifer and Euastacus vesper. We formally remove E. clydensis from the synonymy of E. spinifer, increasing the recognised number of species of Euastacus to 54. Euastacus clydensis is redescribed based on type and other material, and is distinguished from E. spinifer by differences in abdominal spination and the form of the antennal scaphocerite. Euastacus clydensis has a restricted southern New South Wales range in the Shoalhaven and Jervis Bay–Clyde River catchments, from Moss Vale south to the vicinity of Clyde Mountain; much of the known range of E. clydensis was burnt in the 2019–2020 eastern Australian megafires.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Reissis Yannis , Wolfe Luke , Karim Tahia , Mosquera Catalina , McGuire Kandace
Published: December 2022

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is often used for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Disparities in the use of NCT based on clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors have not been evaluated.

Methods

Data from the National Cancer Database was analyzed for patients with T1-2, N0-1 breast cancer from 2006 to 2015. Univariate and multivariate analysis determined which factors predicted for the receipt of NCT.

Results

We found 159 946 eligible patients. Factors associated with receipt of NCT included T2 vs. T1 disease, N1 vs. N0, and treatment at an academic facility. Race itself was not significant; however, a higher level of education amongst Black populations correlated with the receipt of NCT.

Discussion

Clinical factors are the greatest determinants for receipt of NCT in early-stage breast cancer. Disparities exist that cannot be explained by race alone; socioeconomic and demographic factors are important. Cancer care should be evaluated in the context of the intersectionality of these health determinants.
Use of Polyglycolic Acid Sheets for the Prevention of Pancreatic Fistula after Laparoscopic Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Iwasaki Kenichi , Barroga Edward , Enomoto Masaya , Matsumoto Moe , Yamada Erika , Miyoshi Kenta , Shimoda Yota , Ota Yoshihiro , Nakagawa Yuichi
Published: December 2022

Background

Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) indications have been extended to advanced gastric cancer requiring expansive lymph node dissection. Despite the huge benefits of this minimally invasive surgery, major complications such as postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) remain a concern. With technical advances in surgical procedures, the treatment outcomes of gastric cancer surgery have improved. However, effective methods for preventing POPF have not yet been established. Herein, we examined the usefulness of polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheets for preventing POPF after LG.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed 142 patients who underwent curative LG at our institution between January 2017 and August 2022. The 142 patients were divided into 2 groups; PGA group (n = 61): the site of lymph node dissection at the superior margin of the pancreas and pancreatic head was covered with PGA sheets, and nPGA group (n = 81): the site was not covered. We retrospectively compared the short-term surgical outcomes including POPF incidence.

Results

There was no significant difference in the background factors between the 2 groups and in the incidence of Grade II or higher postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification. However, the incidence of CD Grade II or higher POPF was significantly lower in the PGA group than in the nPGA group (.0% vs 2.3%, respectively, P = .007).

Conclusions

There was no POPF in any of the 61 patients in the PGA group. This outcome suggests that POPF incidence may be reduced by covering the lymph node dissection site with PGA sheets after LG.
Driver Expectations of a Partial Driving Automation System in Relation to Branding and Training
Authors: Singer Jeremiah , Tefft Brian C , Benson Aaron , Jenness James W , Horrey William J
Published: December 2022

Objective

The current study examined whether differences in the branding and description or mode of training materials influence drivers’ understanding and expectations of a partial driving automation system.

Background

How technology is described might influence consumers’ understanding and expectations, even if all information is accurate.

Method

Ninety drivers received training about a real partial driving automation system with a fictitious name. Participants were randomly assigned to a branding condition (system named AutonoDrive, training emphasized capabilities; or system named DriveAssist, training emphasized limitations) and training mode (quick-start brochure; video; or in-person demonstration). No safety-critical information was withheld nor deliberately misleading information provided. After training, participants drove a vehicle equipped with the system. Associations of drivers’ expectations with branding condition and training mode were assessed using between-subjects comparisons of questionnaire responses obtained pre- and post-drive.

Results

Immediately after training, those who received information emphasizing the system’s capabilities had greater expectations of the system’s function and crash avoidance capability in a variety of driving scenarios, including many in which the system would not work, as well as greater willingness to utilize the system’s workload reduction benefits to take more risks. Most but not all differences persisted after driving the vehicle. Expectations about collision avoidance differed by training mode pre-drive but not post-drive.

Conclusion

Training that emphasizes a partial driving automation system’s capabilities and downplays its limitations can foster overconfidence.

Application

Accuracy of technical information does not guarantee understanding; training should provide a balanced view of a system’s limitations as well as capabilities.
Causality between Stock Market, Domestic and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty: Evidence from India
Authors: Aggarwal Khushboo , Saradhi V. Raveendra
Published: December 2022

The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between the Indian stock market and the domestic and global economic policy uncertainty (EPU) during the period: January 2003–June 2020. The study employed unit root tests, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality test and impulse response function (IRF) for the analysis. This study finds the evidence for the presence of long-run equilibrium relationship between the stock market, domestic economic policy uncertainty (DEPU) and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) in India. The findings suggest that there is bidirectional causality between DEPU and stock market; however, no causality is found between GEPU and stock market in either direction. Also, it is found that there is bidirectional causality between DEPU and GEPU. The findings of the study may help policymakers to formulate decisive monetary and fiscal policies to achieve financial stability and are important for the financial investors and hedgers for portfolio allocations in India.

JEL Codes: C32, D80, G12
Divine Moral Inspiration: Unity in Biblical Theology
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: December 2022

Scholars of the Bible have long sought a theme that can identify substantial unity in the various Biblical writings without disregarding their undeniable diversity. In this context, scholars have explored the nature and limits of Biblical inspiration in considerable detail, but the moral inspiration of humans by God has received relatively little attention. This neglect is striking, because such divine inspiration of humans is arguably a silver lining throughout the Bible and a source of robust unity for Biblical theology. This article contends that the moral inspiration of humans by God is a substantial unifier for Biblical theology. It also shows how this approach yields (a) a new understanding of the fruit of the Spirit as divine filial values in human experience and (b) a needed veracity check on the unified Biblical theology offered.
Equity Impacts of the London Congestion Charging Scheme: An Empirical Evaluation Using Synthetic Control Methods
Authors: Craik Lauren , Balakrishnan Hamsa
Published: December 2022

Congestion pricing has been long-believed to effectively regulate traffic in urban city centers. Practical implementations of such policies have been hindered by concerns that they would disproportionately and adversely affect low-income groups. This paper analyzes the impacts of two price increases to the congestion charge on different income groups in Central London, making use of the synthetic control method to leverage empirical data from the UK National Travel Survey. We estimate that the highest income earners contributed to more of the revenue than the lowest income earners, making the scheme progressive in the scale of its equity impact. Although high-income travelers appeared to drop more charge-eligible trips as the price increased, their total trips to Central London did not decrease, suggesting that they were able to substitute with non-chargeable modes of travel. Low-income travelers saw large declines across both chargeable and non-chargeable modes, revealing a much lower rate of substitution. The low-income group responded more to the 2011 price increase than the 2014 one, demonstrating the diminishing ability of subsequent price increases to regulate demand.
Wheelchair Users’ Perspective on Transportation Service Hailed Through Uber and Lyft Apps
Authors: Gebresselassie Mahtot
Published: December 2022

Numerous lawsuits have been filed against Uber and Lyft for lack of disabled accessibility of the transportation service they facilitate, with some of the lawsuits focusing on wheelchair accessibility. The paper investigates accessibility from the perspective of wheelchair users and examines their perceptions, experiences, and preferences. Some of the experiences of wheelchair users have been documented in grey literature. The study investigates these in addition to dimensions that are currently unexplored: their perceptions and preferences. A survey of 341 wheelchair users in the U.S. was conducted to understand general trends and patterns. Data collected from 224 complete and 117 partial responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear and logistic regressions. The findings indicate that more than 50% of respondents were satisfied with the service, but nearly 40% experienced service denial. Almost half of those without Uber or Lyft experience perceive Uber and Lyft as a viable means of transportation. The study also showed that the propensity to be an Uber or Lyft user is associated with type of wheelchair, having access to a vehicle, and level of education. The purpose of the study is to bring to the fore the lived experiences of wheelchair users by taking a larger sample than anecdotal references in media reports—where most of the current debate on this topic resides—and to gain new insights. The study fills the gap in academic literature by developing a new knowledge. It also outlines recommendations relevant for practice and policy considerations.
Investigating the Laboratory Performance of Crumb-Rubber-Modified and High-Float Polymer-Modified Asphalt Emulsions in Chip Sealing
Authors: Sarkar Md Tanvir Ahmed , Elseifi Mostafa A. , Rahman Md Nafiur , Cooper Samuel B. , Cooper Samuel
Published: December 2022

Chip sealing is a widely popular pavement maintenance treatment because of its low initial cost and convenient construction process. Bleeding, loss of aggregate, reduced skid resistance, and aging have been identified as the most common type of distress that lead to the failure of chip sealing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the laboratory performance of a crumb-rubber-modified asphalt emulsion and a high-float polymer-modified asphalt emulsion in chip sealing and to evaluate the effects of crumb rubber as a modifier as well as its utilization as part of the aggregate stone. To achieve this objective, four types of emulsion were evaluated, namely a crumb-rubber-modified asphalt emulsion (CRS-2TR), a high-float polymer-modified emulsion (CHFRS-2P), a polymer-modified emulsion (CRS-2P), and a conventional unmodified emulsion (CRS-2). Based on the results of the experimental program, it was concluded that the aggregate retention properties of polymer-modified and crumb-rubber emulsions were superior to the unmodified emulsion. In addition, the granite aggregate performed better than the granite–crumb-rubber blends regardless of the type of emulsion used. However, a small percentage of crumb rubber may be used in chip sealing without significantly affecting its performance. According to the rheological and physical test results, CHFRS-2P showed the highest useful temperature interval (92.7), followed by CRS-2P (87.8), CRS-2TR (82.6), and CRS-2 (76.7). Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and saturate, aromatic, resin, and asphaltene test results, both CRS-2TR and CHFRS-2P showed lower carbonyl indices growth as compared to the other emulsions, indicating superior resistance to aging.
Effect of Delayed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction on Repair of Concomitant Medial Meniscus Tears in Young Athletes
Authors: Sorey Woody , Hagen Mia S. , Mand Simran , Sliepka Joey , Chin Kenneth , Schmale Gregory A. , Kweon Christopher , Gee Albert O. , Saper Michael G.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) is associated with an increased risk of meniscal injury. Limited data are available regarding the relationship between surgical delay and meniscal repairability in the setting of ACLR in young patients.

Purpose:

To determine whether time from ACL injury to primary ACLR was associated with the incidence of medial and/or lateral meniscal repair in young athletes who underwent meniscal treatment at the time of ACLR.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Records were retrospectively reviewed for patients aged 13 to 25 years who underwent primary ACLR between January 2017 and June 2020 by surgeons from a single academic orthopaedic surgery department. Demographic data were collected, and operative reports were reviewed to document all concomitant pathologies and procedures. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with meniscal repair, including time elapsed from ACL injury to surgery.

Results:

Concomitant meniscal tears were identified and treated in 243 of 427 patients; their mean age was 17.9 ± 3.3 years, and approximately half (47.7%) of patients were female. There were 144 (59.3%) medial tears treated and 164 (67.5%) lateral tears treated; 65 (26.7%) patients had both medial and lateral tears treated. Median time from ACL injury to ACLR was 2.4 months (interquartile range, 1.4-4.7 months). Adjusted univariate analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between medial meniscal repair and time to surgery, with a 7% decreased incidence of medial meniscal repair per month elapsed between injury and surgery (odds ratio, 0.93 per month; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98; P = .006). No similar relationship was found between lateral meniscal repair and time to surgery (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.06; P = .24).

Conclusion:

In the setting of concomitant ACL and meniscal injuries, surgical delay decreased the incidence of medial meniscal repair in young athletes by 7% per month from time of injury.
A review on materials and performance characteristics of polymer gears
Authors: Jain Mohit , Patil Santosh
Published: December 2022

In this research work an extensive review on use of advance materials and performance of polymer gears. Further, literature on polymer gears has been divided into four divisions based on the type of gear material, performance characteristic, modifications, and manufacturing techniques. Materials like polyamide and acetal and their composites are focused due to their huge application quotient. Use of in total six grades that is, PA6, PA66, PA12, PA46, PA618, and PA645 as gear material have been identified. Use of glass and carbon fiber reinforcements in PA gears with varying percentage in a range of 20%–35% and 15%–30%, respectively have been observed. Failure and performance characteristics such as wear, thermal, fatigue, load, transmission, and operational have been illustrated and described in detail. Research studies to improve thermal performance of plastic gears by modifying gear tooth and its profile has also been discussed along with their effects. Application of advance manufacturing technique such as 3D printed additive manufacturing in producing plastic gears is also talked over in this article. This compiled review work aims to assist researchers in selection of plastic gear material and to explore various factors and parameters affecting the failure behavior and performance of plastic gears.
Exploring the heterogeneous impact of technological innovation on income inequality: Formulating the SDG policies for the BRICS-T economies
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday
Published: December 2022

The present research evaluates the effect of technological innovation distribution on the distribution of income using data from between 1992Q1 and 2019Q4 for the BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey) nations. The BRICS-T nations present a good case for this research since this problem could be more widespread in developing countries with high prospects for economic growth. The quantile causality and quantile-on-quantile regression techniques have been used to evaluate this association. The research findings provide a range of outcomes from different countries, which can be grouped into three categories; (i) Technological innovation impacts income inequality positively. (ii) Technological innovation distribution impacts income inequality distribution negatively. (iii) The effects of technology innovation on income distribution are not evenly distributed. Significant policy ramifications are deduced that might inspire sustainable development plans in the BRICS-T nations. This research is one of the first studies to demonstrate a direct connection between income inequality and technological innovation across various quantiles within a country. The study also effectively shows how these techniques are utilized to deduce the policy ramifications of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Segmentation, Surveillance, and Automation: Practical and Ethical Considerations for Attracting, Sustaining, and Monetizing Audience Attention Online
Authors: Wold Ryan
Published: December 2022

Through a case study of a popular food and recipe blog (Pinchofyum.com), this article details how two content creators practicing an advertising-based business model built a loyal audience and profitable business. A content analysis of the income reports published by the site's creators found that their advertising-based business model incentivized them to (a) segment their audience, (b) surveil their audience, and (c) automate interactions with their audience. This incentive structure led the content creators to employ an inconsistent and often problematic persona of their intended audience as they aimed to scale their ability to build trust with a rapidly growing audience. These findings provide guidance for aspiring online entrepreneurs and technical communicators desiring to understand the implications of distributing their content on platforms funded through advertising.
Fatigue resistance of orthotropic steel deck system with double-side welded rib-to-deck joint
Authors: Chen Jie , Wei Chuan , Zhao Yadang
Published: December 2022

Fatigue cracking is a major problem in orthotropic steel decks (OSDs). This study investigated the fatigue resistance of an OSD system with novel double-side welded rib-to-deck joints. The fatigue strengths of the novel rib-to-deck and conventional rib-to-diaphragm joints were determined by fatigue testing two full-scale segmental models. A framework for evaluating the dominant crack mode of an OSD system was then developed and applied; the inner weld toe-deck crack and weld toe-rib wall crack were identified as the dominant crack modes of the double-side welded and rib-to-diaphragm joints, respectively. The nominal and hot spot stress fatigue strengths of the novel rib-to-deck joint were 90.53 and 108.95 MPa, respectively, whereas those of the rib-to-diaphragm joint were 44.27 and 98.66 MPa, respectively.
A qualitative study of unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia and their interactions with health and community-based services and providers
Authors: Liebzeit Daniel , Fields Beth , Robinson Erin L , Jaboob Saida , Ashida Sato
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Unpaid caregivers frequently feel underprepared and without adequate training, support, or access to services and resources to care for persons living with dementia. Health and community-based services and providers are critical to support persons living with dementia and their unpaid caregivers. The objective of this research is to understand how unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia interact with health and community-based services and providers.

Research Design and Methods

We used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze data from one-on-one semi-structured interviews with unpaid caregivers of persons living with dementia ( N = 25). We used framework analysis to organize themes and sub-themes within the systems approach to healthcare delivery.

Findings

Participants described a need for additional guidance, information, and support from health and community-based services and providers. This need was described by participants at 4 levels: individual, care team, organization, and political and economic environment. Participants were active in proposing potential solutions to challenges at all 4 levels, including improving provider awareness and training in dementia, opportunities to provide resources and referrals upon dementia diagnosis, a central clearinghouse for information and resources for persons living with dementia and caregivers, and opportunities to close service gaps.

Discussion and Implications

Findings of this study highlight the need for increased involvement of caregivers of persons living with dementia as community stakeholders for improving care and services. Recommendations to promote high quality care and better support unpaid caregivers by developing interventions to address multiple aspects of healthcare delivery are consistent with recent legislation and are important areas of future research.
Cancer of the Liver and its Relationship with Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Onikanni Sunday Amos , Lawal Bashir , Bakare Oluwafemi Shittu , Ajiboye Basiru Olaitan , Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke , Farasani Abdullah , Kabrah Saeed M , Batiha Gaber El-Saber , Conte-Junior Carlos Adam
Published: December 2022

A high increase witnessed in type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally has increasingly posed a serious threat to global increases in liver cancer with the association between diabetes mellitus type II and the survival rate in liver cancer patients showing unstable findings. An increase in the development and progression of chronic liver disease from diabetes mellitus patients may be connected to cancer of the liver with several links such as Hepatitis B and C virus and heavy consumption of alcohol. The link between T2DM patients and liver cancer is centered on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which could be a serious threat globally if not clinically addressed. Several reports identified metformin treatment as linked to a lower risk of liver cancer prognosis while insulin treatment or sulphonylureas posed a serious threat. Mechanistically, the biological linkage between diabetes type II mellitus and liver cancer are still complex to understand with only the existence of a relationship between NAFLD and high level of energy intake and diabetes mellitus induces hepatic damage, increased liver weight thereby causes multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to the development of liver cancer. Therefore, this review gives an account of the pathophysiological importance of liver cancer position with T2DM, with the role of NAFLD as an important factor that bridges them.
Using rhythmanalysis to explore the synchronicities and disruptions in children’s everyday lives in England and Greece during the 2020 lockdown
Authors: O’Connor Jane , Fotakopoulou Olga
Published: December 2022

This article addresses the methodological challenge of capturing and comparing children’s experiences of everyday life by using a novel rhythmanalysis approach to explore the experiences of a small sample ( N = 16) of home based children aged 7–10 in England and Greece during the 2020 global lockdown. The children kept a 1 day diary in which they recorded their activities and feelings at regular intervals during their waking hours. The data collected indicates that the children’s lives were both disrupted and synchronised during this period, and highlights how their individual experiences were interconnected in time and space by shared rhythms which underpinned the patterns of their day. The paper highlights the utility of the specially designed rhythmanalysis data collection tool and analytical approach for future comparative international studies of children’s everyday lives.
Efficacy and Safety of Bictegravir-Based Regimen in Pregnant Women Living with HIV: A Case Report
Authors: Alsulami Shaimaa , Alotaibi Sultan N. , Damfu Nader , Aljefri Doaa M. , Altayib Hadeel Ahmed , Alharbi Maher
Published: December 2022

Bictegravir (BIC) is included in international guidelines as the first line of therapy for patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), either as initial therapy or as a replacement for patients with prior antiretroviral therapy (ART). Due to limited efficacy and safety data, BIC is currently not recommended during pregnancy. Data on the safety and efficacy of BIC during pregnancy were unavailable at the time of drug approval. In our case, BIC/TAF/FTC was effective in suppressing viral load (VL) in pregnancy, and there were no reported safety issues for the mother or the baby.
Perception of Caring Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Harar Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Fikre Amelework , Egata Gudina , Abdisa Lemesa , Yadeta Elias , Eyeberu Addisu , Dheresa Merga
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Perception of caring behavior is very necessary to enhance human life, and the provision of health care, and is considered a basic key in the provision of healthcare facilities. Even though all nursing interventions are verified through nurse caring behaviors, poor perception of caring behaviors reduces the well-being of the patients.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the perception of caring behaviors and associated factors among nurses working in Harar Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 465 randomly selected nurses. Data were collected by using a pretested and structured self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, standard deviation, and percentage were employed. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with the good perception of caring behaviors. Variables with a p-value of < .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

This study revealed that the proportion of nurses who had a good perception of caring behaviors was found to be 63.4% (95% CI: 58.5–68.2%). High-level education (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.28–4.34), low workload (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.16–3.05), satisfied with a job (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.42–4.01), good relation with coworkers (AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: 2.15–9.67) were significantly associated with a good perception of caring behaviors.

Conclusions

This study reported that the proportion of nurses who had a good perception of caring behaviors was 63.4%. Educational level, workload, job satisfaction, and joint participation in the decision-making process were factors significantly associated with good perceptions of nurses caring behavior. Therefore, nurses caring behavior is enhanced by increasing educational levels, creating a conducive working environment, and making nursing active in the decision-making process to improve the perception of nurses toward nurses caring behavior.
Nitrate adsorption characteristics of synthesized allophanes with various chemical compositions
Authors: Ohashi Fumihiko
Published: December 2022

Allophane-related aluminium silicates with various chemical compositions were synthesized using a hydrothermal reaction with inorganic reagents as starting solutions. The X-ray diffraction traces of the synthesized allophanes showed broad reflections centred at 0.34 and 0.23 nm, which were attributed to the imogolite-like structure of the allophanes. Energy-dispersive X-ray measurements confirmed that the Al-rich materials were synthesized as targeted. The specific surface area of the synthesized allophanes was 313–500 m2 g–1, which is greater than that of a natural allophane (248 m2 g–1). The amount of nitrate adsorbed on the synthesized allophanes tended to increase as the Al content increased. The maximum amount of nitrate adsorbed was 2.07 mmol g–1 at pH ~2, which was comparable to that of a common anion-exchange material. A possible adsorption mechanism for nitrate at lower pH levels is the weak NO3– interaction of the positively charged surface of Al-OH2+ sites.
The proteomic analysis of bovine embryos developed in vivo or in vitro reveals the contribution of the maternal environment to early embryo
Authors: Banliat Charles , Mahé Coline , Lavigne Régis , Com Emmanuelle , Pineau Charles , Labas Valérie , Guyonnet Benoit , Mermillod Pascal , Saint-Dizier Marie
Published: December 2022

Background

Despite many improvements with in vitro culture systems, the quality and developmental ability of mammalian embryos produced in vitro are still lower than their in vivo counterparts. Though previous studies have evidenced differences in gene expression between in vivo- and in vitro-derived bovine embryos, there is no comparison at the protein expression level.

Results

A total of 38 pools of grade-1 quality bovine embryos at the 4–6 cell, 8–12 cell, morula, compact morula, and blastocyst stages developed either in vivo or in vitro were analyzed by nano-liquid chromatography coupled with label-free quantitative mass spectrometry, allowing for the identification of 3,028 proteins. Multivariate analysis of quantified proteins showed a clear separation of embryo pools according to their in vivo or in vitro origin at all stages. Three clusters of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were evidenced according to embryo origin, including 463 proteins more abundant in vivo than in vitro across development and 314 and 222 proteins more abundant in vitro than in vivo before and after the morula stage, respectively. The functional analysis of proteins found more abundant in vivo showed an enrichment in carbohydrate metabolism and cytoplasmic cellular components. Proteins found more abundant in vitro before the morula stage were mostly localized in mitochondrial matrix and involved in ATP-dependent activity, while those overabundant after the morula stage were mostly localized in the ribonucleoprotein complex and involved in protein synthesis. Oviductin and other oviductal proteins, previously shown to interact with early embryos, were among the most overabundant proteins after in vivo development.

Conclusions

The maternal environment led to higher degradation of mitochondrial proteins at early developmental stages, lower abundance of proteins involved in protein synthesis at the time of embryonic genome activation, and a global upregulation of carbohydrate metabolic pathways compared to in vitro production. Furthermore, embryos developed in vivo internalized large amounts of oviductin and other proteins probably originated in the oviduct as soon as the 4–6 cell stage. These data provide new insight into the molecular contribution of the mother to the developmental ability of early embryos and will help design better in vitro culture systems.