bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sodium Alginate and Chitosan as Components Modifying the Properties of Inulin Hydrogels
Authors: Florowska Anna , Hilal Adonis , Florowski Tomasz , Mrozek Paulina , Wroniak Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of addition of sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CH) on the properties of inulin hydrogels. Inulin hydrogels (20 g/100 g) containing various additions (0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 g/100 g) of SA and CH were produced. The hydrogels’ properties were assessed based on the volumetric gel index, microstructure, yield stress, texture, stability, and color parameters. According to the findings, the inclusion of these polysaccharides had no influence on the gelation ability of the inulin solution. The physical properties of the hydrogels containing SA or CH differed from hydrogels containing only inulin (INU). The obtained microstructural pictures revealed that the addition of SA and CH resulted in the formation of hydrogels with a more compact, smooth, and cohesive structure. Consequently, they had higher yield stress, strength, and spreadability values than INU hydrogels. The addition of chitosan in comparison with sodium alginate also had a greater effect in strengthening the structure of hydrogels, especially at the level of 0.5 g/100 g. For example, the addition of this amount of SA increased the yield stress on average from 195.0 Pa (INU) to 493.6 Pa, while the addition of CH increased it to 745.3 Pa. In the case of the strength parameter, the addition of SA increased the force from 0.24 N (INU) to 0.42 N and the addition of CH increased it to 1.29 N. In the case of spreadability this increase was from 2.89 N * s (INU) to 3.44 N * s (SA) and to 6.16 N * s (CH). Chitosan also caused an increase in the stability of inulin hydrogels, whereas such an effect was not observed with the addition of sodium alginate. The gels with the addition of SA and CH also had significantly different values of color parameters. Inulin–alginate hydrogels were characterized by higher values of the color parameter a *, lower values of the color parameter b *, and in most concentrations higher values of the color parameter L * compared to inulin–chitosan hydrogels. Based on the collected data, it can therefore be concluded that through the addition of sodium alginate and chitosan, there is a possibility to modify the properties of inulin hydrogels and, consequently, to better adapt them to the characteristics of the pro-health food products in which they will be used.
Futural Dispatches on Responsibility for the Earth, or, ‘What on Earth Is Ethical Responsibility?’
Authors: Boothroyd Dave
Published: January 2022

This article explores the question of the limits of ethical responsibility in the context of the contemporary ecological crisis. Drawing centrally on a selection of writings by Jacques Derrida, Emmanuel Levinas and, in the second half of the article especially, Timothy Morton, it attempts to show how the conceptualization of the Earth/environment/biosphere (tropes for the ‘ecological whole’) as an object of ethical concern is problematic and exacerbated in the context of the posthumanist critique of anthropocentrism. If a generalized anthropization of the planet represents the ‘ethical failure’ of the Earth by ‘the human’—the material mark of which is the geo-physical terraforming associated with anthropocene—who or what, might be anticipated to be able to bear, or to live-up to, the ethical responsibility for its continued survival? The article critically brings elements of the philosophy of these thinkers into conjunction to discuss how the future of life/death might be properly considered an ethical matter at all, or alternatively, as the ‘end’ of ethical responsibility. Whilst Morton appears to recognize the potential of deconstructive thinking and Levinasian ethics for ecological thought, it is argued here that his reading of these is at odds with the object-oriented ontological thinking he more stridently identifies with. This messy collision in Morton’s ecological theory is used here as a springboard to explain how a strategic reprise of a certain humanism—or theoretical human exceptionalism—might be key to appreciating how humans taking responsibility for the current ecological crisis is the condition of a futural ethical openness to the non-human.
Evaluation of Optimal Reference Genes for qRT-PCR Analysis in Hyphantria cunea (Drury)
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Geng Yishu , Hu Tianyi , Zhao Yongang , Yang Suling , Hao Dejun
Published: January 2022

The relative quantification of gene expression is mainly achieved through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR); however, its reliability and precision rely on proper data normalization using one or more optimal reference genes. Hyphantria cunea (Drury) has been an invasive pest of forest trees, ornamental plants, and fruit trees in China for many years. Currently, the molecular physiological role of reference genes in H. cunea is unclear, which hinders functional gene study. Therefore, eight common reference genes, RPS26, RPL13, UBI, AK, RPS15, EIF4A, β-actin, α-tub, were selected to evaluate levels of gene expression stability when subjected to varied experimental conditions, including developmental stage and gender, different tissues, larvae reared on different hosts and different larval density. The geNorm, BestKeeper, ΔCt method, and NormFinder statistical algorithms were used to normalize gene transcription data. Furthermore, the stability/suitability of these candidates was ranked overall by RefFinder. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of reference genes in H. cunea and could help select reference genes for other Lepidoptera species.
Five-Year Monitoring of a Desert Burrow-Dwelling Spider Following an Environmental Disaster Indicates Long-Term Impacts
Authors: Gavish-Regev Efrat , Armiach Steinpress Igor , Salman Ibrahim N. A. , Segev Nitzan , Uzan Assaf , Byun Yebin , Levy Tanya , Aharon Shlomi , Zvik Yoram , Shtuhin Raisa , Shapira Yotam , Majer Marija , Ganem Zeana , Zonstein Sergei , Magalhaes Ivan L. F. , Lubin Yael
Published: January 2022

Deserts are characterized by unpredictable precipitation and extreme temperatures. Their fauna and flora are sensitive to anthropogenic environmental changes, and often recover slowly from environmental disasters. The effects of oil spills on the biota of desert regions, however, have scarcely been studied. We predicted that terrestrial invertebrates suffer long-term negative effects from an oil spill, due to their close association with the substrate. Thus, we investigated the effects of two oil spills that occurred in 1975 and 2014 in the hyper-arid ‘Arava desert (Israel), on a spider that constructs silk-lined nests in burrows in compact, sandy soil in this extreme desert habitat. The spider, Sahastata aravaensis sp. nov. (Filistatidae), is described herein. We assessed spider burrow abundance in plots located in oil-contaminated and nearby uncontaminated clean soil (control) areas over five consecutive years and measured habitat characteristics in these plots. In the laboratory, we determined the preference of individuals for clean vs. oil-contaminated soil as a resting substrate. Finally, as this species was previously undescribed, we added a new species description. The abundance of Sahastata was significantly lower in oil-contaminated plots, and this was the case in the 40-year-old oil spill (1975) as well as in the recent one (2014). In laboratory tests, spiders showed a significant preference for the clean soil substrate over the oil-contaminated substrate. In the field, soil crust hardness and vegetation density did not differ significantly between oil-contaminated and control plots, but these measures were highly variable. The burrows were significantly clustered, suggesting that the young disperse only short distances. In the laboratory adult spiders did not dig burrows, perhaps indicating that adults remain permanently in their natal burrows and that in the field they may use vacant burrows. We conclude that Sahastata populations were affected negatively by the oil spills and these effects were long-lasting. We propose that by monitoring their spatial distribution, burrow-dwelling spiders such as Sahastata can be used as effective bioindicators of soil pollution in desert habitats.
Parental Stress and Children’s Self-Regulation Problems in Families with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Authors: Efstratopoulou Maria , Sofologi Maria , Giannoglou Sofia , Bonti Eleni
Published: January 2022

Background: Increased parental stress is strongly related to the severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology. Parents’ coping strategies and social support issues add to the complexity of this relationship. Aim: The present study investigated the relationship between self-regulation skills and parenting stress in parents of nonverbal children with ASD. Methods and procedure: The Parenting Stress Index–Short Form (PSI-SF) was administered to 75 families, and self-regulation scores on a Motor Behavior Checklist for children (MBC) were recorded by students’ class teachers (level of functioning-behavioral problems). In addition, interviews were conducted with a focus group of six parents (four mothers and two fathers) to explore the underline factors of parental stressin-depth. Results: Correlation analyses revealed that parenting stress was positively correlated with elevated scores on MBC children’s self-regulation subscale. On the other hand, parenting stress was negatively correlated with the level of social functional support reported. Qualitative data were analyzed using transcripts, revealing additional stressors for families and parents, and resulting in recommendations to overcome these factors. Conclusions and implications: Aiming at developing strategies to improve self-regulation skills in nonverbal children with ASD may be particularly important in reducing parental stress for families having nonverbal children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Parents’ stressors and suggestions during interviews are also discussed.
Towards a Cyber-Physical Range for the Integrated Navigation System (INS)
Authors: Oruc Aybars , Gkioulos Vasileios , Katsikas Sokratis
Published: January 2022

The e-navigation concept was introduced by the IMO to enhance berth-to-berth navigation towards enhancing environmental protection, and safety and security at sea by leveraging technological advancements. Even though a number of e-navigation testbeds including some recognized by the IALA exist, they pertain to parts only of the Integrated Navigation System (INS) concept. Moreover, existing e-navigation and bridge testbeds do not have a cybersecurity testing functionality, therefore they cannot be used for assessing the cybersecurity posture of the INS. With cybersecurity concerns on the rise in the maritime domain, it is important to provide such capability. In this paper we review existing bridge testbeds, IMO regulations, and international standards, to first define a reference architecture for the INS and then to develop design specifications for an INS Cyber-Physical Range, i.e., an INS testbed with cybersecurity testing functionality.
The Role of Soil Structure Interaction in the Fragility Assessment of HP/HT Unburied Subsea Pipelines
Authors: Forcellini Davide , Mina Daniele , Karampour Hassan
Published: January 2022

Subsea high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) pipelines may be significantly affected by the effects of soil structure interaction (SSI) when subjected to earthquakes. Numerical simulations are herein applied to assess the role of soil deformability on the seismic vulnerability of an unburied pipeline. Overcoming most of the contributions existing in the literature, this paper proposes a comprehensive 3D model of the system (soil + pipeline) by performing OpenSees that allows the representation of non-linear mechanisms of the soil and may realistically assess the induced damage caused by the mutual interaction of buckling and seismic loads. Analytical fragility curves are herein derived to evaluate the role of soil structure interaction in the assessment of the vulnerability of a benchmark HP/HT unburied subsea pipeline. The probability of exceeding selected limit states was based on the definition of credited failure criteria.
Investigation on Hydrodynamic Characteristics, Wave–Current Interaction and Sensitivity Analysis of Submarine Hoses Attached to a CALM Buoy
Authors: Amaechi Chiemela Victor , Wang Facheng , Ye Jianqiao
Published: January 2022

There is an increase in the utilization of the floating offshore structure (FOS) called Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring (CALM) buoys and the attached marine hoses due to the increasing demand for oil and gas products. These hoses are flexible and easier to use but have a short service life of about 25 years. They are adaptable in ocean locations of shallow, intermediate and deep waters. In this research, a numerical model was developed using a coupling method modeled by utilizing ANSYS AQWA and Orcaflex (Orcina Ltd., Ulverston, UK) dynamic models of the CALM buoy hoses. Two cases were comparatively studied: Lazy-S and Chinese-lantern configurations, under ocean waves and current. Comparisons were also made between coupled and uncoupled models. This research presents the hydrodynamic characteristics with a sensitivity analysis on the influence of waves, current attack angle, soil gradient, soil stiffness and environmental conditions that influence the performance of marine hoses. The study comparatively looked at the configurations from dynamic amplification factors (DAF) on marine hoses. The results show that marine hoses can be easily configured to suit the designer’s need, seabed soil type, seabed topography and the profiles that are useful for manufacturers. The sensitivity analysis also shows the effect of hose parameters on its hydrodynamic behavior from the wave–current interaction (WCI).
Cryptic Species Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship in the Rust Genus Chrysomyxa from China
Authors: Wang Rui , Tsui Clement K. M. , You Chongjuan
Published: January 2022

Chrysomyxa rusts are fungal pathogens widely distributed in the Northern hemisphere, causing spruce needle and cone rust diseases, and they are responsible for significant economic losses in China. Taxonomic delimitation and precise species identification are difficult within this genus because some characters often overlap in several species. Adequate species delimitation, enhanced by the use of DNA-based methodologies, will help to establish well-supported species boundaries and enable the identification of cryptic species. Here, we explore the cryptic species diversity in the rust genus Chrysomyxa from China. Species delimitation analyses are conducted using a distance-based method (ABGD) and three tree-based methods (GMYC, bPTP, and mPTP) based on combined LSU and ITS sequences of over 60 specimens. Although there is some incongruence among species delimitation methods, two new species and three putative cryptic species are identified. The key to 20 Chrysomyxa species distributed in China is presented. These results suggest that a significant level of undiscovered cryptic diversity is likely to be found in Chrysomyxa from China. Future studies should consider multiple analytical methods when dealing with multi-locus datasets.
The Impact of CEO Duality and Financial Performance on CSR Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from State-Owned Enterprises in China
Authors: Voinea Cosmina L. , Rauf Fawad , Naveed Khwaja , Fratostiteanu Cosmin
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the effects of a firm’s financial performance (FP) and chief executive officer’s (CEO) duality on the quality of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure in the context of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) among Chinese A-share-registered companies. The results depict a negative relationship between CEO duality and CSR disclosure. Our results demonstrate that better-performing firms disclose CSR information more frequently and of higher quality compared with firms with poor financial performance. This role of financial performance in the quality of CSR disclosure is generally valuable in public enterprises; however, it is relatively sluggish in state-owned enterprises the outcomes indicate that the dual leadership structure reduces assessments and renders CEOs less liable to their stakeholders. Therefore, this study offers valuable information and details for regulators to improve corporate governance and CSR from the perspective of stakeholder theory.
The Effect of Anaerobic Digestate on the Soil Organic Carbon and Humified Carbon Fractions in Different Land-Use Systems in Lithuania
Authors: Slepetiene Alvyra , Kochiieru Mykola , Jurgutis Linas , Mankeviciene Audrone , Skersiene Aida , Belova Olgirda
Published: January 2022

The most important component of agricultural system are soils as the basis for the growth of plants, accumulation of water, plant nutrients and organic matter. The main task of our research was to ascertain changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) and mobile humified carbon fractions in digestate-treated soils. We have performed three field experiments using the same design on two soil types in 2019–2020. We studied the fertilization effects of different phases of digestate on Retisol and Fluvisol. Fertilization treatments: control; separated liquid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 170 N; separated solid digestate 85 kg ha−1 N; and 170 kg ha−1 N. We have found a greater positive effect on the increase in SOC because of the use of the maximum recommended fertilization rate of the solid digestate. The content of mobile humic substances (MHS) tended to increase in grassland and crop rotation field in digestate-treated soil. In our experiment, maximum concentration of SOC was found in 0–10 cm soil layer, while in the deeper layers the amount of SOC, MHS and mobile humic acids proportionally decreased. We concluded, that long-term factors as soil type and land use strongly affected the humification level expressed as HD (%) in the soil and the highest HD was determined in the grassland soil in Fluvisol.
Drivers of Long-Term Land-Use Pressure in the Merguellil Wadi, Tunisia, Using DPSIR Approach and Remote Sensing
Authors: Khemiri Khaoula , Jebari Sihem , Mahdhi Naceur , Saidi Ines , Berndtsson Ronny , Bacha Sinan
Published: January 2022

Increasing land use pressure is a primary force for degradation of agricultural areas. The drivers for these pressures are initiated by a series of interconnected processes. This study presents a novel methodology to analyze drivers of changing land use pressure and the effects on society and landscape. The focus was on characterizing these drivers and relate them to land use statistics obtained from geospatial data from the important semiarid Merguellil Wadi between 1976 and 2016. Cause-and-effect relationships between different drivers of land use change were analyzed using the DPSIR approach. Results show that during the 40-year period cultivated land increased and wetland areas decreased substantially. Drivers for change were pressure from economic development, cultivation practices, and hydro-agricultural techniques. This leads to stress on water and soil resulting in soil erosion, poverty increase, and rural exodus. We show that hydro-agricultural techniques adapted to the semiarid climate, allocation of land property rights, resource allocation, and improved marketing of agricultural products can help rural residents to diversify their economy, and thus better preserve the fragile semiarid landscape. Results of this study can be used to ensure sustainable management of water and soil resources in areas with similar climate and socio-economic conditions.
Effect of Blade Thickness on Internal Flow and Performance of a Plastic Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Xu Zhenfa , Kong Fanyu , Tang Lingfeng , Liu Mingwei , Wang Jiaqiong , Qiu Ning
Published: January 2022

Blade thickness is an essential parameter of the impeller, which has significant effects on the pump performance. The plastic pump generally adopts thick blade due to low strength of plastic. The effects of blade thickness on the internal flow and performance of a plastic centrifugal pump were discussed based on the numerical methods. Two kinds of blade profile, the constant thickness blade (CTB) and the variable thickness blade (VTB), were investigated. The results indicated that, for the CTB, when the blade thickness was less than 6 mm, the pump performance did not change significantly. When the blade thickness exceeded 6 mm, the pump head and efficiency decreased rapidly. The pump head and efficiency of CTB 10 decreased by 42.2% and 30% compared with CTB 4, respectively. For the VTB, with blade thickness in a certain range (6 mm–14 mm), the pump performance changed slightly with the increased of trailing edge thickness. The minimum blade thickness of the plastic centrifugal pump should be 4 mm based on the finite element analysis. A variable thickness blade (VTB 4-8-4) with the maximum thickness located at 60% chord length was proposed to improve the pump performance, and its efficiency was 1.67% higher than that of the CTB 4 impeller.
Bayesian Regularization Algorithm Based Recurrent Neural Network Method and NSGA-II for the Optimal Design of the Reflector
Authors: Zhang Xinyong , Sun Liwei , Qi Lingtong
Published: January 2022

The optical-mechanical system of a space camera is composed of several complex components, and the effects of several factors (weight, gravity, modal frequency, temperature, etc.) on its system performance need to be considered during ground tests, launch, and in-orbit operation. In order to meet the system specifications of the optical camera system, the dimensional parameters of the optical camera structure need to be optimized. There is a highly nonlinear functional relationship between the dimensional parameters of the optical machine structure and the design indexes. The traditional method takes a significant amount of time for finite element calculation and is less efficient. In order to improve the optimization efficiency, a recurrent neural network prediction model based on the Bayesian regularization algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the NSGA-II is used to globally optimize multiple prediction objectives of the prediction model. The reflector of the space camera is used as an example to predict the weight, first-order modal frequency, and gravitational mirror deformation root mean square of the reflector, and to complete the lightweight design. The results show that the prediction model established by BR-RNN-NSGA-II offers high prediction accuracy for the design indexes of the reflector, which all reach over 99.6%, and BR-RNN-NSGA-II can complete the multi-objective optimization search efficiently and accurately. This paper provides a new idea of optimization of optical machine structure, which enriches the theory of complex structure design.
Basic Principles and Recent Advances in Magnetic Cell Separation
Authors: Frenea-Robin Marie , Marchalot Julien
Published: January 2022

Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics: Theoretical and Numerical Challenges
Authors: Diele Fasma
Published: January 2022

The articles published in the Special Issue “Differential Equation Models in Applied Mathematics: Theoretical and Numerical Challenges” of the MDPI Mathematics journal are here collected [...]
Assessment and Prioritize Risk Factors of Financial Measurement of Management Control System for Production Companies Using a Hybrid Z-SWARA and Z-WASPAS with FMEA Method: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rahmati Sara , Mahdavi Mohammad Hossein , Ghoushchi Saeid Jafarzadeh , Tomaskova Hana , Haseli Gholamreza
Published: January 2022

The management control system in an industry is managerial, directional, hindrance, and cohesive action in order to cohere and regulate various branches and sub-branches. In fact, it is a system that supports the real state of matters in the right way. This method is intended at assuring that the purposes and activities carried out have the desired outcomes and eventually lead to the objects and purposes of the company. In this matter, the financial and non-financial management control system is essential both when it comes to strategy community; Consequently, in this paper, the management control system is classified into financial and non-financial categories because such analysis gives a chance to get a broad assessment of a management control system relationship in organizations. In this paper, we evaluate the relationship between business strategy and management control system and their influences on financial performance measurement of a manufacturer (a case study of Maral Co.) with the use of Merchant’s theory. Furthermore, In this case, a decision-making strategy centered on the FMEA is used to identify and prioritize risk factors financial of the control system in companies. Nevertheless, because this strategy has some significant limitations, this research has presented a decision-making approach depending on Z-number theory. For tackle, some of the RPN score’s drawbacks, the suggested decision-making methodology combines the Z-SWARA and Z-WASPAS techniques with the FMEA method. The findings reveal that in the non-financial management control system element, customer satisfaction, and in the financial component, cost standards are at the largest level of weight. Furthermore, the strategic planning factor with a rate of 2.95 and the deviation analysis factor with a rate of 2.87 is at the lowest level, respectively. In sum, market or industry changes are the primary cause of risk in businesses, according to FMEA methodology and the opinions of three professionals.
An Improved Modification of Accelerated Double Direction and Double Step-Size Optimization Schemes
Authors: Petrović Milena J. , Valjarević Dragana , Ilić Dejan , Valjarević Aleksandar , Mladenović Julija
Published: January 2022

We propose an improved variant of the accelerated gradient optimization models for solving unconstrained minimization problems. Merging the positive features of either double direction, as well as double step size accelerated gradient models, we define an iterative method of a simpler form which is generally more effective. Performed convergence analysis shows that the defined iterative method is at least linearly convergent for uniformly convex and strictly convex functions. Numerical test results confirm the efficiency of the developed model regarding the CPU time, the number of iterations and the number of function evaluations metrics.
A Novel Deep Learning-Based State-of-Charge Estimation for Renewable Energy Management System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Vellingiri Mahendiran T. , Mehedi Ibrahim M. , Palaniswamy Thangam
Published: January 2022

In recent years, alternative engine technologies are necessary to resolve the problems related to conventional vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are effective solutions to decarbonize the transportation sector. It also becomes important to shift from traditional houses to smart houses and from classical vehicles to EVs or HEVs. It is needed to combine renewable energy sources (RESs) such as solar photovoltaics, wind energy systems, and various forms of bio-energies. Among various HEV technologies, an effective battery management system (BMS) still remains a crucial issue that is majorly used for indicating the battery state of charge (SOC). Since over-charging and over-discharging result in inevitable impairment to the batteries, accurate SOC estimation desires to be presented by the BMS. Although several SOC estimation techniques exist to regulate the SOC of the battery cell, it is needed to improvise the SOC estimation performance on HEVs. In this view, this paper focuses on the design of a novel deep learning (DL) with SOC estimation model for secure renewable energy management (DLSOC-REM) technique for HEVs. The presented model employs a hybrid convolution neural network and long short-term memory (HCNN-LSTM) model for the accurate estimation of SOC. In order to improve the SOC estimation outcomes of the HCNN-LSTM model, the barnacles mating optimizer (BMO) is applied for the hyperpower tuning process. The utilization of the HCNN-LSTM model makes the modeling process easier and offers a precise depiction of the input–output relationship of the battery model. The design of BMO based HCNN-LSTM model for SOC estimation shows the novelty of the work. An extensive experimental analysis highlighted the supremacy of the proposed model over other existing methods in terms of different aspects.
An Optimal Estimate for the Anisotropic Logarithmic Potential
Authors: Hou Shaoxiong
Published: January 2022

This paper introduces the new annulus body to establish the optimal lower bound for the anisotropic logarithmic potential as the complement to the theory of its upper bound estimate which has already been investigated. The connections with convex geometry analysis and some metric properties are also established. For the application, a polynomial dual log-mixed volume difference law is deduced from the optimal estimate.
Series Solution-Based Approach for the Interlaminar Stress Analysis of Smart Composites under Thermo-Electro-Mechanical Loading
Authors: Khalid Salman , Lee Jaehun , Kim Heung Soo
Published: January 2022

This paper introduces a new loading condition considering the combined thermo-electro-mechanical coupling effect in a series solution-based approach to analyze the free-edge interlaminar stresses in smart composite laminates. The governing equations are developed using the principle of complementary virtual work. The assumed stress fields satisfy the traction-free and free-edge boundary conditions. The accurate stress states of the composite structures are acquired through the procedure of generalized eigenvalue problems. The uniform temperature is employed throughout the laminate, and the electric field loading is applied to the symmetric piezo-bonded actuators to examine the combined effect of thermal and electrical stresses on the overall deformation of smart composite laminates. It was observed that the magnitude of the peeling stresses generated by mechanical loading was reduced by the combined thermal and electric excitation loading (up to 25.3%), which in turn resulted in expanding the service life of the smart composite structures. The proposed approach is implemented on three different layup configurations. The efficiency of the current methodology is confirmed by comparing the results with the 3D finite element (FEM) solution computed by ABAQUS.
Applying Parallel and Distributed Models on Bio-Inspired Algorithms via a Clustering Method
Authors: Gómez-Rubio Álvaro , Soto Ricardo , Crawford Broderick , Jaramillo Adrián , Mancilla David , Castro Carlos , Olivares Rodrigo
Published: January 2022

In the world of optimization, especially concerning metaheuristics, solving complex problems represented by applying big data and constraint instances can be difficult. This is mainly due to the difficulty of implementing efficient solutions that can solve complex optimization problems in adequate time, which do exist in different industries. Big data has demonstrated its efficiency in solving different concerns in information management. In this paper, an approach based on multiprocessing is proposed wherein clusterization and parallelism are used together to improve the search process of metaheuristics when solving large instances of complex optimization problems, incorporating collaborative elements that enhance the quality of the solution. The proposal deals with machine learning algorithms to improve the segmentation of the search space. Particularly, two different clustering methods belonging to automatic learning techniques, are implemented on bio-inspired algorithms to smartly initialize their solution population, and then organize the resolution from the beginning of the search. The results show that this approach is competitive with other techniques in solving a large set of cases of a well-known NP-hard problem without incorporating too much additional complexity into the metaheuristic algorithms.
A Pseudo-Spectral Fourier Collocation Method for Inhomogeneous Elliptical Inclusions with Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Juan , Wang Xin , Yu Chujun
Published: January 2022

Inhomogeneous elliptical inclusions with partial differential equations have aroused appreciable concern in many disciplines. In this paper, a pseudo-spectral collocation method, based on Fourier basis functions, is proposed for the numerical solutions of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) inhomogeneous elliptic boundary value problems. We describe how one can improve the numerical accuracy by making some extra “reconstruction techniques” before applying the traditional Fourier series approximation. After the particular solutions have been obtained, the resulting homogeneous equation can then be calculated using various boundary-type methods, such as the method of fundamental solutions (MFS). Using Fourier basis functions, one does not need to use large matrices, making accrual computations relatively fast. Three benchmark numerical examples involving Poisson, Helmholtz, and modified-Helmholtz equations are presented to illustrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method.
A Study on Computational Algorithms in the Estimation of Parameters for a Class of Beta Regression Models
Authors: Couri Lucas , Ospina Raydonal , Silva Geiza da , Leiva Víctor , Figueroa-Zúñiga Jorge
Published: January 2022

Beta regressions describe the relationship between a response that assumes values in the zero-one range and covariates. These regressions are used for modeling rates, ratios, and proportions. We study computational aspects related to parameter estimation of a class of beta regressions for the mean with fixed precision by maximizing the log-likelihood function with heuristics and other optimization methods. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze the behavior of ten algorithms, where four of them present satisfactory results. These are the differential evolutionary, simulated annealing, stochastic ranking evolutionary, and controlled random search algorithms, with the latter one having the best performance. Using the four algorithms and the optim function of R, we study sets of parameters that are hard to be estimated. We detect that this function fails in most cases, but when it is successful, it is more accurate and faster than the others. The annealing algorithm obtains satisfactory estimates in viable time with few failures so that we recommend its use when the optim function fails.
Monopolistic Dynamics with Endogenous Product Differentiation
Authors: Caravaggio Andrea , Gori Luca , Sodini Mauro
Published: January 2022

This research considers the problem of a price-discriminating monopolist aiming at choosing output and investing in product differentiation to foster consumers perceiving products as being heterogeneous in different market segments. It then introduces bounded rationality and concentrates on the dynamic analysis showing the existence of several dynamic phenomena caused by the interaction between endogenous product differentiation and gradient dynamics. Though product differentiation can generally increase market power and profits, in this context it can generate a lack of coordination between the managers working in each segment.
Comparison of the Selected Methods Used for Solving the Ordinary Differential Equations and Their Systems
Authors: Hetmaniok Edyta , Pleszczyński Mariusz
Published: January 2022

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), and the systems of such equations, are used for describing many essential physical phenomena. Therefore, the ability to efficiently solve such tasks is important and desired. The goal of this paper is to compare three methods devoted to solving ODEs and their systems, with respect to the quality of obtained solutions, as well as the speed and reliability of working. These approaches are the classical and often applied Runge–Kutta method of order 4 (RK4), the method developed on the ground of the Taylor series, the differential transformation method (DTM), and the routine available in the Mathematica software (Mat).
Exercise, Diet and Sleeping as Regenerative Medicine Adjuvants: Obesity and Ageing as Illustrations
Authors: Ghanemi Abdelaziz , Yoshioka Mayumi , St-Amand Jonny
Published: January 2022

Regenerative medicine uses the biological and medical knowledge on how the cells and tissue regenerate and evolve in order to develop novel therapies. Health conditions such as ageing, obesity and cancer lead to an impaired regeneration ability. Exercise, diet choices and sleeping pattern have significant impacts on regeneration biology via diverse pathways including reducing the inflammatory and oxidative components. Thus, exercise, diet and sleeping management can be optimized towards therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. It could allow to prevent degeneration, optimize the biological regeneration and also provide adjuvants for regenerative medicine.
Infrared Thermography for Investigation of Surface Quality in Dry Finish Turning of Ti6Al4V
Authors: De Maddis Manuela , Lunetto Vincenzo , Razza Valentino , Russo Spena Pasquale
Published: January 2022

The machining of titanium alloys always raises issues because of their peculiar chemical and physical characteristics as compared to traditional steel or aluminum alloys. A proper selection of parameters and their monitoring during the cutting operation makes it possible to minimize the surface roughness and cutting force. In this experimental study, infrared thermography was used as a control parameter of the surface roughness of Ti6A4V in dry finish turning. An analysis of variance was carried out to determine the effect of the main cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on the surface roughness and cutting temperature. In the examined range of the machining parameters, cutting speed and feed were found to have a primary effect on the surface roughness of the machined parts. Cutting speed also significantly affected the temperature of the cutting region, while feed was of second order. Higher cutting speeds and intermediate feed values gave the best surface roughness. A regression analysis defined some models to relate the cutting temperature and surface roughness to the machining parameters. Infrared thermography demonstrated that the cutting temperature could be related to roughness.
Optimize the Mechanical Properties of Al0.6CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys by Thermo-Mechanical Processing
Authors: Yang Huijun , Tan Yaqin , Qiao Junwei , Hawk Jeffrey A. , Zhang Yong , Gao Michael , Liaw Peter K.
Published: January 2022

The phase stability, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of Al0.6CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) subjected to different thermo-mechanical treatments were systematically investigated in the present study. The face center cubic (FCC) matrix, B2, and minor Body Center Cubic (BCC) phases were observed in the as-cast state. The morphology of the B2 precipitates evolved from needle-like to droplet-shaped when annealed at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C. The resulting yield stress of this FCC/B2 duplex-phase HEA after annealing heat treatments was successfully analyzed based on the contributions from solid solution strengthening, precipitate strengthening, grain boundary hardening, and dislocation hardening.
The Effect of Aluminum Addition on the Evolution of Inclusions in an Aluminum-Killed Calcium-Treated Steel
Authors: Fan Xingle , Zhang Lifeng , Ren Ying , Yang Wen , Wu Songjie
Published: January 2022

In the current study, the reduction of CaO-Al2O3 inclusions in steel by the subsequent addition of aluminum is revealed through industrial trials, laboratory experiments, and thermodynamic calculations. During the industrial production of the Al-killed Ca-treated steel, the Al2O3 content in CaO-Al2O3 inclusions increased from 72.05% to 79.83%, after the aluminum addition. In laboratory experiments, the addition of aluminum increased the Al2O3 content, and meanwhile lowered the contents of CaS and CaO in the inclusions. The average diameter of the inclusions decreased and the number density increased after the Al addition in steel, due to the formation of tiny inclusions. Based on the thermodynamic consideration, the transformation of the inclusions was attributed to the re-equilibrium of the reaction between steel and the inclusions after aluminizing. The Al2O3-riched calcium aluminate with a high melting point increased the possibility of the nozzle clogging during the continuous casting process, reducing the effect of the calcium treatment. Therefore, the addition of aluminum after calcium treatment should be avoided as far as possible.
Metabolite Profiling and Classification of Highbush Blueberry Leaves under Different Shade Treatments
Authors: Wu Yaqiong , Yang Hao , Huang Zhengjin , Zhang Chunhong , Lyu Lianfei , Li Weilin , Wu Wenlong
Published: January 2022

Blueberry belongs to the genus Vaccinium L. in the Ericaceae and is an economically important shrub that produces small berries that are rich in nutrients. There were differences in the appearance of blueberry leaves under different shade treatments. To explore the differences in metabolites in blueberry leaves under different shading treatments, nontargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabonomic analysis was performed. Different shade intensities resulted in significant differences in the contents of metabolites. A total of 6879 known metabolites were detected, including 750 significantly differentially expressed metabolites, including mainly lipids and lipid-like molecules and phenylpropanoid and polyketide superclass members. Based on a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways were the most significantly enriched. The results of this study provide a reference and scientific basis for the establishment of a high-quality and high-yield shaded blueberry cultivation system.
Acute Pneumonia Caused by Clinically Isolated Legionella pneumophila Sg 1, ST 62: Host Responses and Pathologies in Mice
Authors: Trousil Jiří , Frgelecová Lucia , Kubíčková Pavla , Řeháková Kristína , Drašar Vladimír , Matějková Jana , Štěpánek Petr , Pavliš Oto
Published: January 2022

Legionnaires’ disease is a severe form of lung infection caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. The disease severity depends on both host immunity and L. pneumophila virulence. The objective of this study was to describe the pathological spectrum of acute pneumonia caused by a virulent clinical isolate of L. pneumophila serogroup 1, sequence type 62. In A/JOlaHsd mice, we compared two infectious doses, namely, 104 and 106 CFU, and their impact on the mouse status, bacterial clearance, lung pathology, and blood count parameters was studied. Acute pneumonia resembling Legionnaires’ disease has been described in detail.
Citrus Stubborn Disease: Current Insights on an Enigmatic Problem Prevailing in Citrus Orchards
Authors: Sagouti Tourya , Belabess Zineb , Rhallabi Naima , Barka Essaid Ait , Tahiri Abdessalem , Lahlali Rachid
Published: January 2022

Citrus stubborn was initially observed in California in 1915 and was later proven as a graft-transmissible disease in 1942. In the field, diseased citrus trees have compressed and stunted appearances, and yield poor-quality fruits with little market value. The disease is caused by Spiroplasma citri, a phloem-restricted pathogenic mollicute, which belongs to the Spiroplasmataceae family (Mollicutes). S. citri has the largest genome of any Mollicutes investigated, with a genome size of roughly 1780 Kbp. It is a helical, motile mollicute that lacks a cell wall and peptidoglycan. Several quick and sensitive molecular-based and immuno-enzymatic pathogen detection technologies are available. Infected weeds are the primary source of transmission to citrus, with only a minor percentage of transmission from infected citrus to citrus. Several phloem-feeding leafhopper species (Cicadellidae, Hemiptera) support the natural spread of S. citri in a persistent, propagative manner. S. citri-free buds are used in new orchard plantings and bud certification, and indexing initiatives have been launched. Further, a quarantine system for newly introduced types has been implemented to limit citrus stubborn disease (CSD). The present state of knowledge about CSD around the world is summarized in this overview, where recent advances in S. citri detection, characterization, control and eradication were highlighted to prevent or limit disease spread through the adoption of best practices.
Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Terpolymer from Methanol via the Reverse β-Oxidation Pathway in the Presence of Lanthanide
Authors: Orita Izumi , Unno Gento , Kato Risa , Fukui Toshiaki
Published: January 2022

Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 is the attractive platform for the production of value-added products from methanol. We previously demonstrated that M. extorquens equipped with PHA synthase with broad substrate specificity synthesized polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) composed of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate and small fraction of (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) units on methanol. This study further engineered M. extorquens for biosynthesis of PHAs with higher 3HV and 3HHx composition focusing on the EMC pathway involved in C1 assimilation. The introduction of ethylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase, catalyzing a backward reaction in the EMC pathway, aiming to increase intracellular propionyl/butyryl-CoA precursors did not affect PHA composition. Reverse β-oxidation pathway and subsequent (R)-specific hydration of 2-enoyl-CoA were then enhanced by heterologous expression of four genes derived from Ralstonia eutropha for the conversion of propionyl/butyryl-CoAs to the corresponding (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA monomers. The resulting strains produced PHAs with higher 3HV and 3HHx compositions, while the methylotrophic growth was severely impaired. This growth impairment was interestingly restored by the addition of La3+ without a negative impact on PHA biosynthesis, suggesting the activation of the EMC pathway by La3+. The engineered M. extorquens synthesized PHA terpolymer composed of 5.4 mol% 3HV and 0.9% of 3HHx with 41% content from methanol as a sole carbon source in the presence of La3+.