bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Healthy Eating Index-2015 and Serum Metabolic Parameters in Women with Gallstone Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Ghorbani Moloud , Sadeghi Amir , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad , Alipour Beitullah
Published: June 2024

Background: One of the most prevalent gastrointestinal tract ailments is gallstone disease (GD). Diet has been acknowledged as a modifiable GD risk factor. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a scale for evaluating the quality of diets; therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the HEI-2015 score was associated with serum metabolic parameters in women with GD.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on a sample of 75 women diagnosed with GD and 75 healthy women at the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science in Tehran, Iran. Standard laboratory methods were employed to measure the biochemical parameters. The participants' habitual dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The HEI-2015 score was computed for all participants. The study employed multivariate logistic regression to identify the optimal predictor of GD. The Pearson Correlation was employed to determine the correlation between the HEI-2015 and serum metabolic parameters.
Results: The study found a significant negative association between the risk of GD and serum HDL-c (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76–0.95, P=0.008). Moreover, a significant positive association was detected between HOMA-IR (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.16-9.19, P=0.025), and the risk of GD. The study did not find a statistically significant correlation between the HEI-2015 and serum parameters.
Conclusion: While an association was discovered between certain serum metabolic parameters and the risk of GD, the results do not provide a significant association between serum metabolic parameters and HEI-2015 score.
Examining the Problems and Solutions to Facilitate the Payment and Receipt of Health Taxes
Authors: Kooshkebaghi Mahdi , Dargahi Hossein , Emamgholipour Sara
Published: June 2024

Background: In addition to creating significant health gains, taxation can be used to increase public health funding. However, achieving the goals of health-related taxes faces many barriers and problems. We aimed to examine the barriers and solutions to facilitate the payment and receipt of health taxes.
Methods: The present descriptive and analytical study was conducted in 2021-2022. The first part of the research was the questionnaire's design and validation, and the second part was using the designed questionnaire to collect and analyze data. The validity of the questionnaire was measured using the content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Then, the questionnaires were distributed in person at the workplace of 430 professors, managers, and experts in economics and health, and the collected data were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: Barriers and problems related to structure and infrastructure, evasion, avoidance, and tax exemption, and coordination and cooperation are the most important problems related to health taxes. Moreover, evasion, avoidance and tax exemption, cultural and social issues, and coordination and cooperation are the most important solutions to overcome the problems of health taxes.
Conclusion: To dispel the barriers and facilitate the payment and receipt of health-related taxes and achieve the goals of the health sectors, it is very important to deal with tax evasion, build a culture, and close cooperation with related organizations.
Are Doctors Equally Distributed Throughout the World?
Authors: Kharazmi Erfan , Bordbar Shima , Bordbar Najmeh , Tavakolian Ameneh
Published: June 2024

Background: As the vital and scarce resource of the health system, physicians are responsible for treating patients and saving lives and the equitable distribution of physicians among the whole population is a prerequisite to achieving health for all. We aimed to investigate inequality in physician distribution in the world using the Gini coefficient.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2021. The number of physicians and the population of countries were obtained from the WHO and United Nations (UN) databases. The Gini coefficient was calculated in three different modes and the distribution of physicians among countries in various Human Development Index (HDI) groups was determined using the physician ratio per 10,000 population.
Results: There were generally more than 13 million doctors in the world. About 43% of the world's physicians were available to 20% of the world's population in very high HDI countries, and 12% of the population had access to about 1% of physicians in low HDI countries. An average of 19.5 physicians are distributed per 10,000 population worldwide. The Gini coefficient between the four groups of HDI countries was 0.55, and that of all countries in the world was 0.640.
Conclusion: There was a shortage and inequality in the distribution of physicians worldwide. Governments should eliminate inequality in the distribution of the medical workforce, in particular physicians, by redoubling their efforts and accurate planning.
Short Chain Fatty Acid Sodium Butyrate Increases miR-21, miR-143 and miR-145 Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer HCT-116 Cell Line
Authors: Mohammadi Parastoo , Forouzesh Flora , Kouhkan Fatemeh
Published: June 2024

Background: Sodium butyrate (NaBu) is a short-chain fatty acid; it is one of the histone deacetylase inhibitors, which can alter both genetic and epigenetic expressions. The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of NaBu on the expression of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 in human colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell lines.
Methods: This study was done in Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. HCT-116 cell line was treated with diverse concentrations of NaBu (6.25 mM to 200 mM) at 24, 48, and 72 h. MTT assay was used for assessing the cytotoxicity. Quantitative Real-Time-PCR was performed to investigate the gene expression of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145.
Results: IC50 values were evaluated by MTT assay. IC50 for HCT-116 was 50 mM, 12.5 mM, and 6.25 mM for 24, 48, and 72 h of incubation, respectively. According to the Real-Time-PCR results, 50 mM NaBu after 24 h caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 (P<0.05). In 48 h, incubation, 12.5 mM NaBu caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 (P<0.05). In treated cells with 6.25 mM NaBu after 72 h of incubation caused a significant up-regulation in the expression of the miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 compared with untreated cells (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The upregulation of miR-21, miR-143, and miR-145 expression are mediated by transcriptional regulation and the activation of this miR promoter is modulated by histone acetylation. The employment of NaBu may represent a promising approach for improving HDACi drug-based therapies for colon cancers.
Assessment of Microbial Contamination and Metabolite Expo-sure in Cosmetic Products Used in Women's Beauty Salons
Authors: Ghias Maryam , Fozouni Leila
Published: June 2024

Background: An important route of microbial transmission is the shared use of these products in beauty salons. We aimed to investigate level of contamination with microorganisms and their metabolites in shared-use cosmetics in several women's beauty salons.
Methods: Bacterial and fungal strains from 320 opened/used cosmetic samples were identified according to the Iranian standards for microbial quality of cosmetic products in Golestan Province (North of Iran) during Jul-Sep 2021. In order to assess production of toxins and protease by the predominant bacterial and fungal isolates, multiplex-polymerase chain reaction and the Lowry protein assay were performed, respectively.
Results: Microbial contamination was detected in 180 samples (56.5%), and the highest and lowest rates of microbial contamination were related to skin products (63.88%) and eye beauty products (20%), respectively. The highest level of S. aureus contamination (> 4,000 colony-forming units/g) was found in toner and face wash samples, and the highest level of C. albicans contamination was seen in lipstick samples (>20,000 colony-forming units/g). Only one (2%) S. aureus isolate produced staphylococcal enterotoxin B, while 3 out of 12 (25%) C. albicans isolates were able to produce protease.
Conclusion: The shared-used health and beauty products, face products, in the study area are heavily contaminated. Therefore, it is essential to store used cosmetics in dry and cool places, establish strict inspection regulations for cosmetic products before and after entering the market, and increase awareness of beauty salon workers regarding the appropriate use, sanitary control, and maintenance of health and beauty products.
A New Formula Based on Simple Blood Indices to Differentiate Beta Thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Shahmirzalou Parviz , Hamze Morteza Seyyed , Sadagheyani Hassan Ebrahimpour
Published: June 2024

Background: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder with a defect in the sufficient production of a protein called hemoglobin. We aimed to investigate the simple blood indices of patients with Beta Thalassemia Trait (BTT) and Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) to propose a new formula using logistic regression for differentiate two characteristics from each other.
Methods: Among the 702 records of the BTT Counseling Center (Khoy, Iran-2022), 292 cases (219 iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 73 BTT) were eligible for the study. Blood indices such as RBC, HGB, HbA2 described and used to diagnose two types of participants. Blood indices had high multicollinearity that was modified. Logistic regression for blood indices fitted and goodness of fit indices with Area Under ROC curve (AUC) estimated.
Results: The average age of the participants was 24.56 yr. The status of Multicollinearity between independent variables was modified. The HGB, MCV, HbA2, and HbA variables were used in the model and only HbA2 status was significant (P<0.001). According to the output of the model, for each unit increase in HbA2, the chance of having BTT was about 8.5 times higher than IDA. The sensitivity, specificity, AUC curve, and accuracy of the final model were estimated to be 97, 72, 84, and 93%, respectively. A regression formula to differentiate BTT from IDA proposed.
Conclusion: In studies related to the differentiation of the BTT from IDA, the presence of the HbA2 index in the model and prediction is very necessary.
Glia Maturation Factor Beta: A Novel Neuro-Impairment Prediction Factor in Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Matini Mohammad , Amini Razieh , Foroughi-Parvar Faeze
Published: June 2024

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, a neurotropic protozoan, infects up one to third of the world population. The parasite can invade a wide variety of nucleated cells but preferably glial cells. Glia maturation factor β (GMFβ), a 17KD protein expressed at high levels in the central nervous system is predominantly related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple sclerosis. We aimed to determine the expression level of GMFβ and its relation to other pro-inflammatory factors (IL33, SDF1, and CCL2) on T. gondii infected human neuroblastoma cell line.
Methods: The human neuroblastoma (SK_NMC C535) cell line was infected by 5Í106 (1:1 ratio). The supernatant was collected after cell lysis and centrifugation. Total RNA was extracted using the Yekta Tajhiz RNA extraction kit. cDNA was synthesized based on RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit manufacturer`s protocol (Parstous, cDNA synthesis kit, Iran). The specificity of each primer pair (GMFβ, IL33, SDF1, and CCL2) was provided by NCBI BLAST. Gene expression level was measured using Real-Time PCR. All experiments were conducted at the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, western Iran in 2022.
Results: The GMFβ increased significantly up to 1.35-fold (P=0.007). The increase in GMFβ expression in neuroblastoma cells was consistent with the increase in pro-inflammatory factors (CCL2 (0.47), IL33 (0.152) and, SDF1 (1.33)).
Conclusion: GMFβ upregulation can be a novel indicator of the destruction of nerve cells.
Managing Alpine Skiing Injuries: Focus on Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear Prevention in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Ko Jupil , Seo Sang-Won , Cho Ji-Hoon
Published: June 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
UNICEF Support Vaccination Campaign for Immigrant in Iran: A Country of EMRO Region
Authors: Khammarnia Mohammad , Setoodehzadeh Fatemeh , Baygi Mehdi Zanganeh
Published: June 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Vasovagal Syncope: A Review of Current and Emerging Therapies for a Common Cardiology Condition
Authors: Tajdini Masih , Behnoush Amir Hossein , Khalaji Amirmohammad , Raj Satish R
Published: June 2024

Vasovagal syncope (VVS), characterized by transient loss of consciousness, is among the most prevalent reasons for emergency visits worldwide. Although benign in nature, VVS can be accompanied by traumatic injury, leading to morbidity and decreased quality of life, especially in those with VVS recurrence. The management includes non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies (if resistant), patient education and reassurance, salt and fluid intake increase, and physical counter-pressure maneuvers. Among medications, midodrine has shown promising results in reducing VVS recurrence and positive head-up tilt tests. Fluoxetine and atomoxetine also might be suitable candidates for VVS therapy. Permanent pacemakers, such as closed-loop stimulation, are under research and can be effective in cases unresponsive to medical treatment. In summary, while data are scarce regarding the definite treatment of VVS, there is a need for further research with novel, easy-to-use and cost-effective therapeutic methods to enhance quality of life and prevent traumatic injury.
The Role of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Cardiovascular Disease: Signaling in Inflammation, Coagulation, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Rezaeeyan Hadi , Moghimian-Boroujeni Bahareh , Abdolalian Mehrnaz , Javan Mohammadreza
Published: June 2024

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the principal causes of mortality in the world. Various factors have been identified in the pathogenesis of CVD. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a secretory cytokine is one of these factors. The LIF receptor is located on endothelial cells and plays a role in the expression of specific genes in these cells. Endothelial cells are the innermost cells of blood vessels, and defects in these cells cause endothelial dysfunction and eventually CVD.
Methods: The present study is based on PubMed database information (1982–2022) using the following words: “cardiovascular disease,” “endothelial cells,” “leukemia inhibitory factor,” and “angiogenesis.”
Results: LIF can cause arteriosclerotic plaques by activating inflammatory mechanisms in monocytes through the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. LIF can also induce vascular endothelial growth factor expression by activating signaling pathways, eventually leading to angiogenesis. Additionally, it can activate the coagulation cascade by factor VII production promotion within endothelial cells.
Conclusion Understanding the interplay between LIF and the inflammation pathways, coagulation, and angiogenesis as key factors in CVD occurrence raises the possibility of targeting this factor as a potential strategy to mitigate CVD risk.
Knowledge and Performance of Iranian Internists Regarding Dyslipidemia According to Lipid Guidelines and their Relationships with Personal and Occupational Characteristics
Authors: Naji Faezeh Sadat , Mirshekari Mehrzad , Namazi Soha , Varpaei Hesam Aldin , Esteghamati Alireza , Hemmatabadi Mahboobeh , Shirzad Nooshin
Published: June 2024

Background: Lipid metabolism disorders are among the most common metabolic diseases that are increasing globally and are associated with chronic metabolic disturbances. The present study aimed to determine the knowledge and practice of internal medicine physicians concerning lipid disorders according to the AHA, AACE, ESC-EAS, and NCEP-ATP-III guidelines.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study selected a convenience sample of 220 internal medicine specialists from January through September 2021 in Tehran and some other Iranian cities. A 25-item researcher-designed questionnaire was used. Suggested scenarios were designed by emphasizing the points of difference in the guidelines. Content validity was approved by 10 tenured faculty members, and reliability was tested with the test-retest method.
Results: Women comprised 60% of the population. In addition, 3.2% (n=7) of the physicians had poor knowledge, 95.0% (n=209) had moderate knowledge, and 1.8% (n=4) had good knowledge of lipid disorders based on international guidelines. Moreover, performance regarding lipid disorders was poor in 25 (11.4%), moderate in 164 (74.5%), and good in 31 (14.1%) physicians. The knowledge score decreased, whereas the practice score increased with age. The knowledge score of female physicians was significantly higher than that of their male counterparts. The knowledge score was negatively correlated with the physician’s years of experience.
Conclusion: The knowledge and performance of internists regarding dyslipidemia were rated moderate according to the AHA, AACE, ESC-EAS and NCEP-ATP III guidelines.
Effects of Mobile Health on Self-Care in Senior Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Keramat Kar Maryam , Mohammad Khani Arash Ghiasvand , Alizadeh Ahad , Hajikarimi Majid
Published: June 2024

Background: Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the world and accounts for 23% of mortalities. Self-care for senior patients with myocardial infarction can reduce complications, multiple hospitalizations, and financial costs.
Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 128 older adults with myocardial infarction. Available sampling was done via block random sampling among patients at the Heart Clinic of Booali Hospital, Qazvin, Iran. Data were collected through interviews and demographic and self-care questionnaires regarding heart disease. Data analysis was conducted using R software, version 4.1.0, and via the mixed-effects model method and post hoc and contrast tests.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 65.54±4.50 years. Before the intervention, self-care maintenance was not significantly different between the 2 groups. After the intervention, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups (P=0.001). No statistically meaningful difference concerning self-care monitoring existed between the 2 groups at the beginning of the study (P=0.03); however, a significant difference emerged after the intervention (P=0.001). A difference existed between the groups regarding self-care confidence study commencement in that the self-care confidence level in the control group was higher (P=0.013), but no difference was observed following the intervention. Nonetheless, after 1 month, the groups were significantly statistically different (P=0.003) in that the self-care confidence level in the intervention group increased.
Conclusion: Mobile health could improve self-care in older adults with myocardial infarction.
Relationships between Dairy Consumption Patterns and Hypertension, Overweight, and Obesity Status
Authors: Rasouli Ahmadreza , Khederlou Hamid , Milkarizi Narges , Arsang-Jang Shahram , Karvane Houshang Bavandpour , Akbarzade Zahra , Tavakkolian Pouria , Sharifi Loghman
Published: June 2024

Background: Obesity is considered a widespread concern internationally. Few studies have investigated the relationships between dairy consumption and hypertension and obesity. Therefore, this study examined the above concern in students.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 292 male students (18–30 y) living in the dormitories of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Students were selected via the multistage stratified random sampling method. Demographic information, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP) readings, and a semi-quantitative validated questionnaire assessing dairy consumption (including a 24-hour dietary record covering 2 typical days and a holiday) were collected. After all the questionnaires were reviewed, they were coded and analyzed with Nutritionist IV software.
Results: The average age of the subjects was 22.36 years. The mean±SD values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference-to-standing height ratio were 22.68±2.58 kg/m², 80.95±7.81 cm, 0.85±0.04, and 0.46±0.04 among the studied population, respectively. The mean±SD values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 111.84±10 mm Hg and 70.99±8 mm Hg, respectively. Milk consumption was associated with a low waist circumference (95% credible interval, 1.005 to 4.580; P=0.046). The odds of hypertension (defined as BP>120/90 mm Hg) were 2.686 times higher in the overweight and obese group than in the normal BMI group. The risk of hypertension was 1.045 times higher for individuals with abdominal obesity than for those who did not consume dairy products.
Conclusion: Milk consumption was associated with a low waist circumference. The correlations between systolic blood pressure and anthropometric factors were statistically significant. BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were positively associated with systolic blood pressure.
Efficacy of Oral Acetazolamide as Add-on Diuretic Therapy in Decongestion in Patients with Heart Failure: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bavandpour Karvane Houshang , Ashraf Haleh , Aghakouchakzadeh Maryam , Navid Hossein , Bozorgi Ali
Published: June 2024

Background: Acute heart failure is a common clinical syndrome leading to hospital admission, with few evidence-based therapies for managing congestion. This trial aims to assess the efficacy of acetazolamide combined with loop diuretics in achieving decongestion among patients who fail to respond to oral diuretics and progress to acute decompensated heart failure in the absence of injectable furosemide.
Methods: This single-center, double-blind randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio aims to evaluate 130 patients admitted to the infusion ward. Participants will receive standard furosemide treatment and be randomized to either oral acetazolamide (250 mg twice daily) or placebo for 3 consecutive days. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of combined oral acetazolamide and furosemide therapy in achieving decongestion. The prespecified secondary outcomes include the following: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels on day 30, readmission rates within 3 months, health-related quality of life as assessed by the Heart Failure Quality of Life Questionnaire at 3 months, and changes in weight, creatinine levels, urinary sodium excretion, potassium levels, and hematological indices from the complete blood count on day 3 of the trial.
Conclusion: Diuretic resistance commonly occurs in patients with heart failure, underscoring the urgent need for innovative interventions that can effectively address the limitations of current diuretics, including diuretic resistance and electrolyte imbalances, while enhancing their efficacy in this patient population.
Long-Term Outcomes of Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Moderate Lesions in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Khederlou Hamid , Mohajeri Mehrdad , Karvane Houshang Bavandpour , Jalali Arash , Salarifar Mojtaba
Published: June 2024

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is crucial to evaluating coronary artery stenosis in patients diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). By assessing the severity of stenosis, FFR assists in determining whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is necessary.
Methods: Conducted at Tehran Heart Center from 2013 through 2017, this cohort study involved 52,248 CCS patients who underwent coronary angiography. Among them, 598 symptomatic individuals, despite receiving comprehensive medical treatment, underwent FFR assessment. Subsequently, 225 patients with positive FFR (≤0.80) underwent PCI, while 373 patients received solely medical treatment. The patients were monitored for 3 years to evaluate primary and secondary endpoints.
Results: After 3 years, the PCI group demonstrated a lower incidence of the primary composite endpoint, consisting of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, repeat target vessel/lesion revascularization (TVR/TLR), and coronary artery bypass graft surgery, than the medical treatment group (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.98; P=0.012). Additionally, urgent TVR/TLR significantly decreased in the PCI group (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.74; P<0.001).
Conclusion: FFR-guided PCI demonstrated effectiveness in reducing long-term major adverse cardiac events, primarily by lowering the incidence of TVR/TLR. The results emphasize the significance of FFR-guided PCI in addressing stenosis rather than alleviating ischemia.
A Case of Antenatal Diagnosis of Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome with Intact Ventricular Septum, Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus, and Ascending Aorta Dilatation
Authors: Rashidighader Fariba , Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2024

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by rudimentary PV tissue with variable degrees of PV stenosis and regurgitant pulmonary blood flow. In most cases, it is associated with tetralogy of Fallot. In a minority of APVS cases, with an unknown frequency, intact ventricular septum (IVS), patent ductus arteriosus, and possible tricuspid atresia are present. This condition is known as non-Fallot type APVS. We describe a case of an antenatal diagnosis of APVS with IVS, a large patent ductus arteriosus, and ascending aorta dilatation. The mother was referred to our center at 32 weeks of gestation due to cardiomegaly on sonography. Fetal echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly, right atrial and ventricular enlargement, aneurysmal dilatation of the main pulmonary artery, and mild dilatation of the pulmonary artery branches. Also observed were IVS, rudimentary PV tissue with severe to-and-fro turbulence across the PV, a widely open ductus arteriosus, ascending aorta dilatation, and levorotation of the heart. After childbirth, our diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and surgery. The baby experienced severe respiratory distress. At 15 days of life, surgical intervention in the form of pulmonary artery arterioplasty was performed, resulting in good outcomes. The patient underwent follow-up for 6 months and showed reasonable health.
Percutaneous Balloon Pericardiotomy and Window Creation for Treating Recurrent Massive Pericardial Effusion in Patients with Cancer: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Alizadehasl Azin , Firouzi Ata , Hajiali Fini Haniye , Firoozbakhsh Parisa , Dokhani Negar , Shourmeij Rezvaneh
Published: June 2024

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and pericardial effusion is relatively common in these patients. What constitutes the best therapeutic method for treating pericardial effusion in patients with cancer is controversial. Recent decades have witnessed the introduction of percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy, an effective and less-invasive method with lower recurrence rates than pericardiocentesis for draining pericardial effusion in patients with cancer who have a poor prognosis.We herein describe 2 patients with a history of metastatic melanoma and metastatic breast cancer, presenting with symptomatic massive pericardial effusions. The patients had experienced 2 episodes of cardiac tamponade in the preceding 4 to 5 months, treated via surgical drainage. In their current episode, they were both successfully treated via percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy, and there was no recurrence of significant pericardial effusion reported during the follow-up.
Impella CP-Assisted Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty in 2 High-Risk Patients
Authors: Mohandes Mohsen , Fuertes Mónica , Pernigotti Alberto , Zambrano Diego
Published: June 2024

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is a therapeutic option as palliative or bridging therapy in severe aortic stenosis, even though it is a risky procedure, especially in patients with concomitant left ventricular dysfunction. The use of percutaneous ventricular assist devices, such as the Impella CP, in this scenario provides optimal circulatory support and considerably reduces the risk of the procedure. Two patients with severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction underwent BAV with the support of the Impella-CP. The Impella CP provided adequate support in both high-risk patients and safely allowed BAV
Concerns Regarding the Potential Drug Side Effects and Follow-Up Duration in the Study “Comparison of the Efficacy of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin in Preventing Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting”
Authors: Omidi Fatemeh , Javanshir Elnaz
Published: June 2024

The Article of the Abstract is not Available.
Erratum
Authors: .
Published: June 2024

The Article Abstract is not Available.
Prevalence and Impact of Psychiatric Co-Morbidity in Patients with Spinal Pathology in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Alshawi Mustafa Habeeb , Ahmed Hamdan Professor Thamer , Weichert Dr. Immo , Lui MCh Daren F. , A. Mohammed Saeed Dr. Mubder , Kyaw Dr. Inzali
Published: June 2024

Background and objective: to minimize complications by proper selection of patients for surgery and to evaluate what is the impact of psychiatric co-morbidity in patients admitted to a spinal surgical unit in Basrah, Iraq.
Patients and Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional prospective cohort study was conducted on 247 patients. In Basrah province.
During admission complete history was taken in form of identity, complaint, past medical and surgical history, drug history, type of previous and the coming surgery and lastly special emphasis on the questioner to assess patient psychological status using the Patient Health Questioner. Somatic Anxiety Depressive Symptoms (PHQ.SADS)
After one week and one-month the same questions were addressed to the patient to check the general condition,and any complications or readmission.
Results: Out of the 247 patients: Eight patients refuse to be part of this study, thirty-one patients lost follow up, three patients excluded from the study due to exclusion criteria, five patients their surgery postponded because they were psychologically unstable and advised for psychiatrist consultation.
111 patients (55.5%) of the sample size were male patients.
A 90 (45%) patients were at age of 38-57 years, 111 (55.5%) of the sample were male 82 patients (41%) were of moderate degree using the PHQ.SADS. 62 patients (31%) were within the severe scale PHQ.SADS.132 patients (66%) complained from radiculopathy with or without backache,192 (96%) patients discharged safely postoperatively.
41(39.4%) patients were diagnosed with lumber canal stenosis belongs to the severe group.
Psychological break down occurs in 10 (5%) patients, 9 (90%) of those patients belong to severe grade category of PHQ.SADS.
Conclusion: There was a strong association between pre-operative psychological conditions and post-operative complications in form of repeated visit after surgery and persistence of pain and disability.
AI Office Assistant: Accelerating the Vision of Smart Bangladesh
Authors: Mazumder Rajib , Hossain Muhammad Anwar
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the transformative potential of AI office assistants in accelerating Bangladesh's vision of becoming a Smart Nation. Bangladesh, a country with a rapidly growing economy and a youthful demographic, stands at a pivotal juncture where technological innovation can catalyze progress across various sectors. The abstract encapsulates the key themes and findings of the article, providing a concise overview of the significance of AI office assistants in revolutionizing the workplace landscape.
The abstract begins by highlighting the contextual backdrop of Bangladesh's economic growth and the imperative for digital transformation in its workplaces. It underscores the need for AI office assistants to address prevalent challenges related to manual processes, administrative inefficiencies, and communication barriers within organizations.
Key themes addressed in the abstract include the role of AI office assistants in enhancing efficiency, productivity, and collaboration within the workplace. It emphasizes how automation of routine tasks can empower employees to focus on strategic initiatives, fostering a culture of innovation and creativity.
Furthermore, the abstract discusses the significance of AI assistants in facilitating seamless communication and collaboration, particularly in a diverse linguistic context like Bangladesh. It outlines how advanced communication features such as real-time language translation and speech recognition can bridge cultural and language barriers, promoting cross-functional teamwork and synergy.
The abstract also highlights the transformative potential of AI office assistants in enabling data-driven decision-making. It emphasizes how AI-powered analytics can extract actionable insights from vast datasets, empowering organizations to make informed decisions with precision and agility.
Additionally, the abstract addresses the importance of security and compliance in AI adoption, particularly in the context of Bangladesh's evolving cybersecurity landscape. It underscores the role of AI assistants in safeguarding sensitive information, detecting potential threats, and ensuring compliance with data protection regulations.
Finally, the abstract acknowledges the challenges and considerations associated with AI adoption, including data privacy, ethical use of AI, workforce reskilling, and digital infrastructure. It emphasizes the need for a holistic approach encompassing policy frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and investment in education and training initiatives to address these challenges effectively.
In summary, the abstract encapsulates the key insights of the article, providing a succinct overview of how AI office assistants can drive efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness in Bangladesh's workplaces, ultimately accelerating the nation's vision of becoming a Smart Nation.
Does pluralistic agricultural advisory service delivery enhance sustainable land management? Evidence from southwestern Uganda
Authors:   Makerere University, Turinawe A , Ainembabazi JH ,   African Development Bank
Published: June 2024

Declining land productivity and increasing land and food scarcity, amidst high population growth have precipitated the need for intensification of crop production. Sustainable land management technologies (SLMTs) have been suggested as a way to support the intensification process. In Uganda, agricultural advisory services (AAS) geared towards improved adoption of the SLMTs are provided, and farmers can access AAS from diverse sources, with the possibility of accessing from single or multiple sources. This study attempts to identify and prioritize the drivers of farmers’ access to (single/multiple) sources of AAS and determine the impact of access to these sources of AAS on the adoption of SLMT, and crop productivity. The study uses cross-sectional data collected from 435 households in the southwestern highlands of Uganda, in Kisoro and Kabale districts. The multinomial endogenous switching regression model combined with an endogenous switching regression model was used to analyse the data. Results indicate that both single and multiple sources of AAS have a positive effect on adoption of SLMTs and crop productivity, with the latter having a positive effect on the adoption of more SLMTs, while it seems to reduce the adoption of some other SLMTs. Similarly, accessing AAS from multiple sources has a higher positive impact on crop productivity, when compared to no access, but a lower impact when compared to access to a single source of AAS. These results suggest that access to multiple sources of AAS has positive impacts, but there are possible inherent challenges in the way it is implemented; lack of synchronisation of the messages given to the farmers, and the top-down approaches used to disseminate knowledge on SLMTs by some of the AAS providers may confound the possibly higher benefits of access to multiple sources of AAS. This study points out the need for policy to consider the advantages of having a streamlined agricultural extension system, with coordinated efforts from all agricultural advisory service providers and stakeholders. Key words: Agriculture, advisory services, sustainable land management, switching regression, highlands, Uganda
Comparative effects of two elicitors on the essential oil biosynthesis of simulated hail-damaged rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. cv. ‘BOURBON’)
Authors:   Central University of Technology, Khetsha ZP , Moloantoa K ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal, Masowa MM ,   Central University of Technology, Sedibe MM ,   Central University of Technology
Published: June 2024

Extreme abiotic stress factors such as hail, defoliation, salinity, and moisture stress can affect the biosynthesis of essential oils. To mitigate this, most commercial farmers globally use agricultural crop insurance; however, this is not the case for most smallholder and emerging farmers in southern Africa, as agricultural insurance tends to be expensive when included in the production system. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the comparative effects between two elicitors: abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on essential oil biosynthesis of simulated hail-damaged rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) as an alternative strategy to improve the essential oil biosynthesis following severe hail damage of rose geranium. The study was conducted in a 72 m2 temperature-controlled greenhouse, using a 4 x 2 factorial treatment design arranged in a randomized complete block design. Treatments comprised four levels of two elicitors at 75 µM (ABA), 150 μM (ABA), 10 mM (MeJA), and 20 mM (MeJA), applied in two different application periods (daily application for either 7 or 14 days). The simulation of hail damage was through 100% defoliation, with decapitation of the terminal buds. A significant interaction was observed between the elicitor treatment, and length of the period of application on essential oil yield (mass), where the highest yield was observed when MeJA (10 mM) was applied for seven consecutive days compared to the 14-day treatment. Geraniol esters were partially improved by the application of MeJA at 10 mM. Application of the two elicitors improved citronellol, geraniol, and linalool, regardless of the length of the period of application. The citronellol to geraniol ratio, a determining factor of essential oil quality, was 2.7:1 when MeJA was applied at 10 mM, significantly better than any application level of ABA. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of MeJA at 10 mM may improve the essential oil biosynthesis of hail-damaged rose geranium plants compared to ABA at any level, and this may be adopted as a possible mitigating strategy by the emerging farmers and growers in southern Africa for improving the biosynthesis of rose geranium post hail damage. On the other hand, where growers are interested in higher contents of linalool and citronellol, ABA may be used at any level. Key words: Defoliation, essential oil, yield, phytohormone, citronellol, geraniol, linalool
Fat and fatty acid composition of selected regular and healthy fast foods in Amman, Jordan
Authors:   University of Jordan, Hamerlaine S , Al-Sawalha B ,   University of Jordan, Nawaiseh H ,   University of Jordan
Published: June 2024

Fast food is a food that is timely and easily prepared and consumed. Generally, it is made of cheap and low nutritional value ingredients. The aim of this study is to determine the fat and the fatty acid composition of regular and healthy fast foods in Amman, Jordan. Thirty-six samples of different fast-food items were collected from three regular fast-food restaurants. Twelve samples were bought from a healthy fast-food restaurant. The results showed that the highest fat content among regular samples was in chicken burger (CB) 12.022% but it was the lowest in turkey sandwich (T) 5.13%. Total fat was lower in healthy items. The highest amount of fat was in healthy chicken pizza (IPH) 6.62%, while baked potato (BP) showed the lowest fat content (0.27%). Halloumi sandwich (H) recorded the greatest level of saturated fatty acids (SFA) 67.01%, yet the lowest was in beef shawarma (BS) 28.30%. Healthy halloumi (HH) recorded the greatest level of SFA (69.45%) where it was the lowest in BP (20.60%). The greatest monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was in BS (42.88%), however its lowest content was in cheese pizza (EP) 26.31%. The highest content of MUFA was in healthy chicken fajita (HCF) 55.33% while its lowest was in HH (27.24%). The highest polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content was recorded by chicken shawarma (CS) 34.45% where it was the lowest in H (5.29%). The highest PUFA content was in samples containing meat. The greatest PUFA content was recorded in healthy turkey (HT) 38.01%, whereas it was the lowest in HH (5.20%). The highest level of trans fatty acids (TFA) was observed in French fries (FF) (0.72%), while its lowest amount was in chicken burger (CB) (0.12%). The highest TFA level was in HT (0.86%) while its lowest amount was in BP (0.11%). The ω-6/ω-3 in regular samples was from 5:1 for (CS) to 36:1 for (FF). Nevertheless, ω-6/ω-3 ranged from 1:1 to 22:1 for healthy beef quesadilla (HBQ) and HH in healthy samples. It was found that ω-6/ω-3 in healthy samples was lower than regular ones. The PUFA/SFA ranged 0.08 - 1.25 for H and BS. Whereas, the PUFA/SFA ranged 0.07 - 1.59 for HH and BP in healthy samples. Among the regular samples, the highest atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) were in H (2.54 and 3.06). The lowest AI and TI were in BS (0.47) and CS (0.54). The highest AI and TI were in HH (2.91 and 3.46) in healthy samples, whereas the lowest AI and TI were in BP 0.26 and 0.49. Key words: Jordan, fast-food, regular, healthy, fat content, fatty acid composition
Quality characteristics and acrylamide content of commonly sold coffee brands in Kenyan markets
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Abdirahman MO , Abong GO ,   University of Nairobi, Okoth MW ,   University of Nairobi
Published: June 2024

Coffee, a globally cherished beverage, has diverse nutritional and health benefits. However, the composition of the beverage varies with each cup, influenced by factors such as bean type and the addition of ingredients. Acrylamides, known to be carcinogenic and genotoxic, are found in processed coffee beans, causing concern over its consumption. This study determined the levels of acrylamides found in the commonly sold coffee brands in Kenyan markets, alongside other quality characteristics. The study was conducted in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties, where different samples of local and imported coffee brands were purposefully obtained from each sub-county. The physicochemical characterization of coffee samples including moisture content, total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, alkalinity of soluble ash, water-soluble matter, petroleum ether extract, and the concentration of acrylamide, Fe, Zn, P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, and caffeine were analysed at the Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nairobi. Obtained data was analysed using statistical software R. The results showed significant differences in acrylamide concentration (F (11, 156) = 4.86, p < 0.001), calcium content (F (11, 156) = 2.74, p = 0.003), magnesium content (F (11, 156) = 2.52, p = 0.006), and caffeine concentration (F (11, 156) = 4.47, p < 0.001) among the different coffee brands. However, no significant differences were observed for the other characteristics (p > 0.05). The means of moisture content was 5.8%, total ash 5.8%, acid insoluble ash 0.4%, water soluble ash 79.5%, alkalinity of soluble ash 3.4mg/L, water soluble matter 47.9%, petroleum ether extract 13.8%, and acrylamide concentration 0.071 µg/100g. The mean of Fe was 7.822, Zn 6.954, P 40.669, Ca 65.596, Mg 117.588, K 222.956, Na 4.663, and Caffeine content was 0.0832, all in mg/100g. Differences especially in the level of acrylamide across the brands is a major concern. The study highlights the need for quality control measures in the coffee industry to ensure consistent quality and safety for consumers. This can go a long way in empowering individuals with insights into their coffee's nutritional worth and potential effects on their wellbeing, safeguarding its quality and health benefits. Key words: Coffee, Quality characteristics, Acrylamides, Coffee brands, Nutritional worth, well-being
ISTRATIJIYAT ALHADITSAH FI TATHBIQ THURUQ ATTADRIS ALLUGHAH AL’ARABIYYAH (TADRIS MAHARAT ALKALAM FI JAAMIAT AL AZHAR AL INDUNISIA NAMUDZAJAN)
Authors: Hendra Faisal
Published: June 2024

Teaching Arabic speaking skills at universities in Indonesia, many methods are used. The method is chosen based on the subject to be taught. This article aims to describe modern strategies in implementing Arabic language teaching methods. This research is considered a qualitative descriptive research type. The results of this research are as follows: (1) The process of teaching Arabic speaking skills at universities in Indonesia has been going well, however when discussing speaking skills, the data shows that college graduates do not yet have the ideal level of speaking Arabic according to the expected standards. (2) The selection and use of effective modern strategies for teaching speaking skills must be followed by various innovations in the use of teaching techniques and strategies that depend on the particular teaching methodology. (3) Using appropriate strategies that are in line with developments in science and information technology must be important for teachers or lecturers who teach Arabic language skills, especially for students from the Millennial generation and Generation Z.
Entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMMEs in selected municipalities of Limpopo province: the role market orientation and environmental dynamism
Authors: Maja Caswell Nkotsana , Fatoki Olawale
Published: June 2024

The studies reveal inconsistent results, probably due to the omission of the mediating and moderating roles of market orientation (MO) and environmental dynamism (ED). To explicitly address this gap, this study investigates how EO influences performance in selected municipalities of Limpopo Province: the role of MO and ED. The data was collected from 403 respondents across Capricorn and Sekhukhune district Municipalities. The data was analysed using SmartPLS 4.0. The empirical findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between EO and the performance of SMMEs. The study further shows that the relationship between EO and performance is partially mediated by MO and the relationship is also moderated by ED at an average weight. The contributions of this study are (i) that it unravels EO as a uni-dimesional construct and the effect it has on performance. The second contribution is assessing the roles of mediating and moderating variables that influence the EO-performance nexus. This paper fills a gap in the literature by exploring external business variables mediating and moderating the relationship between EO and performance and contributes to the discussion on the contradictory results regarding the relationship between EO and performance.