bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the magnitude of body mass index reductions and remission in patients with type 2 diabetes in real world settings: Analysis of nationwide patient registry in Japan (JDDM74)
Authors: Fujihara Kazuya , Khin Laymon , Murai Koshiro , Yamazaki Yurie , Tsuruoka Kahori , Yagyuda Noriko , Yamazaki Katsuya , Maegawa Hiroshi , Tanaka Shiro , Kodama Satoru , Sone Hirohito ,   JDDM Study Group
Published: July 2023

Aims

To determine the association between the magnitude of weight loss and incidence of remission according to baseline characteristics in patients with diabetes in clinical settings.

Methods

In total, 39 676 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥18 years with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% and/or glucose‐lowering drug prescription were identified from databases of specialists' clinics from 1989 and followed until September 2022. Remission was diagnosed as maintaining HbA1c <6.5% at least 3 months after cessation of a glucose‐lowering drug. Factors associated with remission were evaluated by logistic regression analysis according to weight change in 1 year (i.e. ≥10%, 7.0‐9.9%, 3.0‐6.9% reduction, <3% change and ≥3.0% increase).

Results

During the study period, 3454 remissions occurred. The rates of remission were higher in the group with the greatest reduction of body mass index (BMI) in any category examined (i.e. baseline BMI, HbA1c, duration of diabetes and treatment). The incidences of remission per 1000 person‐years were about 25 and 50, respectively, for those with BMI ≥22.5 and reductions in BMI of 7.0‐9.9% and ≥10% in 1 year. Remissions per 1000 person‐years were 99.2 and 91.8, respectively, for those with baseline HbA1c of 6.5‐6.9 and a 10% BMI reduction and those not taking glucose‐lowering drugs accompanied by a 10% BMI reduction.

Conclusions

Modest weight losses of 3.0‐7.9% were significantly associated with remission, but a minimum of 10% weight loss would be required in addition to an early diagnosis to achieve a 10% remission rate in clinical settings. Our results implied that remission may be expected with a relatively lower BMI in an Asian population compared with that was reported in Western populations if accompanied by weight loss.
Computed tomography is better than echocardiography in predicting balloon‐expandable transcutaneous implantation valve size in a real‐world clinical practice single‐center study
Authors: Medilek Karel , Bis Josef , Polansky Pavel , Kvasnicka Tomas , Borg Alex , Dusek Jaroslav , Brtko Miroslav , Tuna Martin , Praus Rudolf , Ballon Marek , Stasek Josef , Littnerova Simona , Parizek Petr
Published: July 2023

Aims

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the standard of care for selected patients with severe aortic stenosis. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and transoesophageal 2D/3D (two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional) echocardiography (ECHO) are used for aortic annulus (AA) sizing. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of AA sizing by ECHO versus MDCT for Edwards Sapien balloon expandable valve in a single center.

Methods and results

Data from 145 consecutive patients with TAVR (Sapien XT or Sapien S3) were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 139 (96%) patients had favorable outcomes after TAVR (at most mild aortic regurgitation and only one valve implanted). The 3D ECHO AA area and area‐derived diameter were smaller than the corresponding MDCT parameters (464 ± 99 vs. 479 ± 88 mm2, p < .001, and 24.2 ± 2.7 vs. 25.0 ± 5.5 mm, p = .002, respectively). The 2D ECHO annulus measurement was smaller than both the MDCT and 3D ECHO area‐derived diameters (22.6 ± 2.9 vs. 25.0 ± 5.5 mm, p = .013, and 22.6 ± 2.9 vs. 24.2 ± 2.7 mm, p < .001, respectively) but larger than the minor axis diameter of the AA derived from MDCT and 3D ECHO by multiplanar reconstruction (p < .001). The 3D ECHO circumference‐derived diameter was also smaller than the MDCT circumference‐derived diameter (24.3 ± 2.5 vs. 25.0 ± 2.3, p = .007). The sphericity index by 3D ECHO was smaller than that by MDCT (1.2 ± .1 vs. 1.3 ± .1, p < .001). In up to 1/3 of the patients, 3D ECHO measurements would have predicted different (generally smaller) valve size than was the valve size implanted with favorable result. The concordance of the implanted valve size with the recommended size based on preprocedural MDCT and 3D ECHO AA area was 79.4% versus 61% (p = .001), and for the area‐derived diameter, the concordance was 80.1% versus 61.7% (p = .001). 2D ECHO diameter concordance was similar to MDCT (78.7%).

Conclusions

3D ECHO AA measurements are smaller than MDCT measurements. If 3D ECHO‐based parameters alone are used to size the Edwards Sapien balloon expandable valve, then the selected valve size would have been smaller than the valve size implanted with favorable result in 1/3 of the patients. MDCT preprocedural TAVR assessment should be the preferred method over 3D ECHO in routine clinical practice to determine Edwards Sapien valve size.
Role of two‐dimensional strain echocardiographic parameters in suspected acute coronary syndrome patients with initial non‐diagnostic electrocardiogram and troponins: An observational study
Authors: Tandon Rohit , Singal Gautam , Chand Arya Rajesh , Sachdeva Sidhant , Goyal Abhishek , Takkar Chhabra Shibba , Aslam Naved , Singh Wander Gurpreet , Mohan Bishav , Batta Akash
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is often challenging especially in presence of initial normal troponins and non‐specific electrocardiogram. The index study aimed at determining the diagnostic value of strain echocardiography in patients with suspected ACS but with non‐diagnostic electrocardiogram and echocardiography findings.

Methods

The study was conducted on 42 patients with suspected ACS and non‐diagnostic electrocardiograms, normal quantitative troponin‐T levels, and left ventricular function. All patients underwent conventional and 2D‐strain echocardiography followed by coronary angiography, within 24 h of admission. Patients with regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA), valvular heart disease, suspected myocarditis, and past coronary artery disease (CAD) were excluded.

Results

Amongst the global strains, the global circumferential strain (GCS) was significantly reduced (p = .014) amongst those with significant CAD on angiography as opposed to global longitudinal strain (GLS) which was similar in the two groups (p = .33). The GCS/GLS ratio was also significantly reduced in patients with significant CAD compared to those with normal/mild disease on coronary angiography (p = .025). Both the parameters had good accuracy in predicting significant CAD. GCS displayed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 86% at an optimal cut‐off 31.5% (AUROC: .93, 95% CI: .601–1.000; p = .03), and likewise GCS/GLS ratio had a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity and 86% at a cut‐off of 1.89% (AUROC: .86, 95% CI: .592–1.000; p = .049). GLS and peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) did not differ significantly in patients with/without significant CAD (p = .32 and .58, respectively).

Conclusion

GCS and GCS/GLS ratio provides incremental value in comparison to GLS, PALS, and tissue Doppler indices (E/e’) in patients with suspected ACS and non‐diagnostic electrocardiogram and troponins. GCS at cut‐off of >31.5% and GCS/GLS ratio >1.89 can reliably exclude patients with significant CAD in this setting.
The effect of chief executive officers' regulatory focus on the entrepreneurial orientation of small and medium‐sized enterprises
Authors: Huang Shuangfa , Huang Qihai , Soetanto Danny , Li Xinchun
Published: July 2023

Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been identified as a central construct to understand how firms compete and perform effectively in increasingly competitive environments. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, this study examines how chief executive officers' (CEOs') regulatory focus, a motivational attribute that entails a promotion focus for growth and a prevention focus for safety, affects the EO of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Results from 110 UK SMEs show promotion focus positively, and prevention focus negatively affect EO when the two foci are examined independently. Our findings also demonstrate that EO varies significantly among firms led by CEOs with different combinations of the two foci. Specifically, firms engaged in significantly higher levels of EO when they are led by CEOs with a high rather than a low promotion focus, where prevention focus is at a high level. This study extends the literature by uncovering regulatory focus as a motivational microfoundation of EO.
The quest for legitimacy: The European Court of Auditors’ work on fraud
Authors: Hancu‐Budui Andreea , Zorio‐Grima Ana , Blanco‐Vega Jose
Published: July 2023

This research aims to contribute to the debate on fraud on public funds and the work that public auditors perform on this important topic, providing a useful analysis for government officials concerned about accountability, good governance, and transparency. This article presents a retrospective analysis of the European Court of Auditors’ (ECA) role in combating and preventing fraud. Using innovative research tools such as the Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner lexicon and other quantitative and qualitative research methods, evidence is found that ECA fraud audits reach a more negative tone in their conclusions than in the rest of the audits and that their audit recommendations on fraud are accepted to a lesser degree than the rest. Although in recent years the ECA has taken a more active role regarding fraud and stirring the public debate on this topic, its work is still hampered by its non‐jurisdictional statute. The results obtained contribute to the literature on fraud in the public sector by bringing empirical evidence on public sector fraud audit with data of an under‐researched and unique Supreme Audit Institution. This article opens up new avenues for future research and has practical implications for practitioners by offering them insights on their role on the issue, thus helping them to address some areas more prone to be affected by fraud.
A network analysis of international migration: Longitudinal trends and antecedent factors predicting migration
Authors: Barnett George A. , Nam Yoonjae
Published: July 2023

Building on previous research, this study investigates the international migration network and its changes from 1990 to 2017. The findings suggest that certain core countries play pivotal roles in shaping global migration by providing economic opportunities or political refuge. Community detection identified nine groups of nations in 2017, indicating regionalization. The study also examined the networks of antecedent factors that reflect both structural factors, such as geography, language, colonial history, political stability and economic differences, as well as transnational interactions, including student flow, trade, Internet flow and remittance, in relation to the international migration network. Applying multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure, it was found that these networks constituted approximately 11% of the migration network's distribution when chain migration was excluded, and 16.5% when it was included.
The effect of spark plasma sintering parameters on the densification and mechanical properties of TiB2‐TiC‐TiB composites
Authors: Liu Luo‐Jin , Zhang Zhao‐Hui , Jia Xiao‐Tong , Wang Qiang , Song Qi , Li Xian‐Yu , Cheng Xing‐Wang
Published: July 2023

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) tests were designed using the Taguchi method to create high‐performance composites consisting of 60 wt% TiB2, 30 wt% TiC, and 10 wt% Ti. The effects of SPS parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2‐TiC‐TiB composites were systematically investigated. Additionally, the evolution of phase and microstructure during the densification of the composites was analyzed in detail. It has been demonstrated that composites can achieve a high relative density of 99.8%, a hardness of 22.2 GPa, a strength of 739 MPa, and a fracture toughness of 7.07 MPa m1/2, as well as a dense structure and small grain size. These properties can be obtained by sintering at a temperature of 1500°C, a pressure of 50 MPa, and a holding time of 5 min. Sintering temperature is the primary factor that promotes the densification of the composite and influences its relative density, grain size, and morphology. Holding time and sintering pressure are relatively minor factors, but they play important roles at different stages of the sintering process.
Mental health nurses' perception of self‐harm among people receiving psychiatric care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alenezi Atallah , McAndrew Sue
Published: July 2023

Mental health nurses (MHNs) play an important role in dealing with those receiving psychiatric care for self‐harming behaviour. How nurses perceive this group of people is pivotal to timely prevention of such harmful behaviour. This project aimed to assess MHNs perception of self‐harming behaviour among those receiving psychiatric care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Descriptive research was conducted with 400 nurses at governmental hospitals affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) in the KSA. Data were collected using an online survey and questionnaire: the survey was divided into two sections: one concerned with demographic characteristics of the participants, the second section focusing on their workplace characteristics. The Self‐Harm Antipathy Scale‐Swedish Revision (SHAS‐SR) was used to assess perceptions of self‐harm among MHNs. This scale included 19 items categorized into five subscales. Finding showed that more than half of nurses had a low perception of those who self‐harmed. Additionally, there was a highly significant association between the nurses' total self‐harm perception scores and their workplace characteristics. Promoting person‐centred care to those who self‐harm through the creation of a collaborative nurse–patient relationship, may improve insight and understanding of the behaviour. Continuous professional development for staff who provide care for those who self‐harm would promote better understanding of the behaviour. In addition, workshops, presentations and modelling good practice, are all key for transferring information into real‐world applications for MHNs to provide better care for those who self‐harm.
Novel streamlined technique for left atrial appendage closure using a radiofrequency wire‐based large access system
Authors: Asfour Issa K. , Elchouemi Mohanad , Gianni Carola , Helmy Rami , Tschopp David R. , Horton Rodney P. , Natale Andrea , Al‐Ahmad Amin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Transseptal puncture (TSP) to allow for large delivery sheath left atrial (LA) access remains a challenging aspect of LA appendage closure (LAAC) in patients with prior history of TSP, thick or lipomatous septum, atrial septal aneurysms, or other complex cardiac anatomies. This study investigates the use of the VersaCross large access (VLA) system (Baylis Medical/Boston Scientific) to improve procedural efficiency of LAAC compared to the standard needle workflow.

Methods and Results

Fifty LAAC procedures using WATCHMAN FLX between November 2021 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed comparing the VLA workflow (n = 25) to the standard needle workflow (n = 25). Study primary endpoint was time to procedural efficiency, and secondary endpoints included TSP time, acute LAAC success, fluoroscopy use, device recaptures, and periprocedural complications. Acute LAAC was successfully completed in all cases with no intraprocedural complications. TSP time was faster, but not significant, using the VLA workflow compared to the standard RF needle workflow (2.6 ± 1.1 min vs. 3.0 ± 1.8 min, p = 0.38). Time to WATCHMAN sheath in LA from TSP was 27% faster (1.5 ± 0.8 min vs. 2.1 ± 0.9 min; p = 0.03), and time to WATCHMAN release from TSP was 19% faster (10.5. ± 2.5 min vs. 13.0 ± 3.7 min; p = 0.01) with the VLA workflow. Overall procedure time was 15% faster (30.4 ± 5.1 min vs. 36.0 ± 6.6 min; p = 0.003) using VLA. Fluoroscopy time was 25% lower (4.0 ± 2.2 min vs. 5.5 ± 2.3 min; p = 0.003) and fluoroscopy dose was 60% lower (97.0 ± 91.7 mGy vs. 241.8 ± 240.6 mGy; p = 0.01) and more consistent [F‐test, p ˂ 0.0001] using the VLA workflow compared to the needle workflow.

Conclusion

The VLA system streamlines LAAC procedures, improving LAAC efficiency and reducing fluoroscopy use by allowing for de novo dilation of the septum for large‐bore delivery sheaths, and reducing device exchanges and delivery sheath manipulation.
Mitochondrial calcium uniporter deficiency in dentate granule cells remodels neuronal metabolism and impairs reversal learning
Authors: Rose Hadyn M. , Ferrán Beatriz , Ranjit Rojina , Masingale Anthony M. , Owen Daniel B. , Hussong Stacy , Kinter Michael T. , Galvan Veronica , Logan Sreemathi , Díaz‐García Carlos Manlio
Published: July 2023

The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the main route of calcium (Ca2+) entry into neuronal mitochondria. This channel has been linked to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and cell death under neurotoxic conditions, but its physiologic roles for normal brain function remain poorly understood. Despite high expression of MCU in excitatory hippocampal neurons, it is unknown whether this channel is required for learning and memory. Here, we genetically down‐regulated the Mcu gene in dentate granule cells (DGCs) of the hippocampus and found that this manipulation increases the overall respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II, augmenting the generation of reactive oxygen species in the context of impaired electron transport chain. The metabolic remodeling of MCU‐deficient neurons also involved changes in the expression of enzymes that participate in glycolysis and the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as the cellular antioxidant defenses. We found that MCU deficiency in DGCs does not change circadian rhythms, spontaneous exploratory behavior, or cognitive function in middle‐aged mice (11–13 months old), when assessed with a food‐motivated working memory test with three choices. DGC‐targeted down‐regulation of MCU significantly impairs reversal learning assessed with an 8‐arm radial arm water maze but does not affect their ability to learn the task for the first time. Our results indicate that neuronal MCU plays an important physiologic role in memory formation and may be a potential therapeutic target to develop interventions aimed at improving cognitive function in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injury.

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Primary care in Northern Ontario for transgender people in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Ziegler Erin , Carroll Benjamin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To examine changes to primary care practice for transgender clients resulting from government mandated public health measures in response to COVID‐19 in Northern Ontario.

Design

Secondary analysis of qualitative data using interview transcripts from a dataset that included 15 interviews conducted between October 2020 and April 2021.

Methods

The dataset came from a convergent mixed method study exploring the delivery of primary care services to transgender individuals in Northern Ontario. Qualitative interviews with primary care practitioners including nurse practitioners, nurses, physicians, social workers, psychotherapists, and pharmacists providing care for transgender people in Northern Ontario were included in the secondary analysis.

Results

Fifteen primary care practitioner providing care to transgender individuals in Northern Ontario participated in the parent study. Practitioners described their understanding of the effect of the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic changes on their practice and the care experience for their transgender patients. Two themes were identified and described by participants: (1) a change in the delivery of care; and (2) barriers and facilitators to care.

Conclusions

Practitioners' primary care experiences in the early waves of COVID suggest the integral use of telehealth in Northern Ontario transgender care. Nurses working in advance practice and nurse practitioners are essential in providing continuity of care for their transgender clients.

Clinical relevance/Significance

Identification of initial practice changes for the primary care of trans people will illuminate avenues for further research. The urban, rural, and remote practice settings in Northern Ontario provide an opportunity for increasing access for gender diverse people in these areas and for developing increased understanding of uptake of telemedicine practice. Nurses are integral to primary care for transgender patients in Northern Ontario.
Safety and efficacy of human platelet extract in skin recovery after fractional CO2 laser resurfacing of the face: A randomized, controlled, evaluator‐blinded pilot study
Authors: Dayan Steven , Gandhi Nimit , Wilson John , Kola Eljona , Jankov Laura Eaton , Copeland Karen , Paradise Chris , Behfar Atta
Published: July 2023

Background

Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing is used successfully for facial rejuvenation. Post procedure skincare is a variable that influences downtime caused by pain/tenderness, erythema, crusting, and bruising.

Aims

The primary objective of this pilot study was to demonstrate the benefits of human platelet extract (HPE) (plated)™ CALM Serum, a new topical cosmetic product, following fractionated CO2 ablative laser resurfacing treatment to the entire face versus standard of care.

Methods

In a single‐center, randomized, evaluator‐blinded pilot study, a total of 18 subjects were randomized into two groups, CO2 facial resurfacing followed by post‐procedural standard of care (Stratacel silicone gel) or CO2 facial resurfacing with the addition of HPE renewosomes in the CALM Serum.

Results

CALM Serum demonstrated statistically significant less crusting at Day 10 compared to the control group (p = 0.0193) with less downtime in the first 14 days (p = 0.03). Subjects treated with CALM Serum had statistically significant brighter appearing skin at 14 days (p = 0.007) and more youthful looking skin on Days 14 and 30 (p = 0.003 and 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that Renewosome™ technology provides statistically significant post‐laser clinical recovery over silicone gel for reducing crusting, and downtime. Subjects reported less diary days of symptoms of pain/tenderness, redness, crusting/flaking, bruising, and itching in the first 14 days compared to the control group. CALM also demonstrated statistically significant improvements in brighter and more youthful appearing skin. CALM is safe and well tolerated.
Chlamydomonas: Fast tracking from genomics
Authors: Findinier Justin , Grossman Arthur R.
Published: July 2023

Elucidating biological processes has relied on the establishment of model organisms, many of which offer advantageous features such as rapid axenic growth, extensive knowledge of their physiological features and gene content, and the ease with which they can be genetically manipulated. The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been an exemplary model that has enabled many scientific breakthroughs over the decades, especially in the fields of photosynthesis, cilia function and biogenesis, and the acclimation of photosynthetic organisms to their environment. Here, we discuss recent molecular/technological advances that have been applied to C. reinhardtii and how they have further fostered its development as a “flagship” algal system. We also explore the future promise of this alga in leveraging advances in the fields of genomics, proteomics, imaging, and synthetic biology for addressing critical future biological issues.
Sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder in adults – A systematic review with a case report
Authors: Michalek‐Zrabkowska Monika , Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Wichniak Adam , Jenca Andrej , Jencova Janka , Frosztega Weronika , Wieczorek Tomasz , Chojdak‐Lukasiewicz Justyna , Sluzewska‐Niedzwiedz Monika , Wojakowska Anna , Poreba Rafal , Mazur Grzegorz , Martynowicz Helena
Published: July 2023

Sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder is characterised by stereotyped and repetitive rhythmic movements involving large muscle groups during sleep with frequencies between 0.5 and 2 Hz. Most of the published studies on sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder have focussed on children. Therefore, we performed a systematic review on this topic focussing on the adult population. The review is followed by a case report. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses 2020 guidelines. A total of seven manuscripts (n = 32 individuals) were included in the review. The clinical manifestation of body or head rolling predominated in the majority of included cases (53.13% and 43.75%, respectively). In n = 11 (34.37%) cases, a combination of rhythmic movements was observed. The literature review also revealed a wide spectrum of co‐morbidities: insomnia, restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, ischaemic stroke, epilepsy, hypertension, alcohol and drug dependency, mild depression, and diabetes mellitus. The case report presented a 33‐year‐old female who was referred to the sleep laboratory due to a suspicion of sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea. Although the patient was initially suspected of having obstructive sleep apnea and sleep bruxism, after conducting video‐polysomnography she met the criteria for sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder as she presented body rolling, which were surprisingly most evident during the rapid eye movement sleep stage. In summary, the prevalence of sleep‐related rhythmic movement disorder among adults has not been determined yet. The present review and case report is a good starting point for discussion regarding rhythmic movement disorder in adults and further research on this topic.
Greater sleep variability is associated with higher systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Reutrakul Sirimon , McAnany J. Jason , Park Jason C. , Chau Felix Y. , Danielson Kirstie K. , Prasad Bharati , Pannain Silvana , Hanlon Erin C.
Published: July 2023

Sleep irregularity and variability have been shown to be detrimental to cardiometabolic health. The present pilot study explored if higher day‐to‐day sleep irregularity and variability were associated with systemic inflammation, as assessed by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, in type 2 diabetes. Thirty‐five patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 54.3 years, 54.3% female) who were not shift‐workers participated. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was determined. The standard deviation of sleep duration and sleep midpoint across all recorded nights were used to quantify sleep variability and regularity, respectively, assessed by 14‐day actigraphy. The presence and severity of sleep apnea were assessed using an overnight home monitor. Low‐density lipoprotein, haemoglobin A1C and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were collected. Multiple regression analysis using natural‐log‐transformed values was performed to establish an independent association between sleep variability and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Twenty‐two (62.9%) patients had diabetic retinopathy. The median (interquartile range) of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein was 2.4 (1.4, 4.6) mg L−1. Higher sleep variability was significantly associated with higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (r = 0.342, p = 0.044), as was haemoglobin A1C (r = 0.431, p = 0.010) and low‐density lipoprotein (r = 0.379, p = 0.025), but not sleep regularity, sleep apnea severity or diabetic retinopathy. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher sleep variability (B = 0.907, p = 0.038) and higher HbA1c (B = 1.519, p = 0.035), but not low‐density lipoprotein, contributed to higher high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. In conclusion, higher sleep variability in patients with type 2 diabetes who were not shift‐workers was independently associated with higher systemic inflammation, conferring increased cardiovascular risk. Whether sleep interventions to reduce sleep variability can reduce systemic inflammation and improve cardiometabolic health should be investigated.
Relative expression of key genes involved in nucleic acids methylation in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto
Authors: Djihinto Oswald Y. , Meacci Dario , Medjigodo Adandé A. , Bernardini Federica , Djogbénou Luc S.
Published: July 2023

In vertebrates, enzymes responsible for DNA methylation, one of the epigenetic mechanisms, are encoded by genes falling into the cytosine methyltransferases genes family (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a,b and Dnmt3L). However, in Diptera, only the methyltransferase Dnmt2 was found, suggesting that DNA methylation might act differently for species in this order. Moreover, genes involved in epigenetic dynamics, such as Ten‐eleven Translocation dioxygenases (TET) and Methyl‐CpG‐binding domain (MBDs), present in vertebrates, might play a role in insects. This work aimed at investigating nucleic acids methylation in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) by analysing the expression of Dnmt2, TET2 and MBDs genes using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) at pre‐immature stages and in reproductive tissues of adult mosquitoes. In addition, the effect of two DNA methylation inhibitors on larval survival was evaluated. The qPCR results showed an overall low expression of Dnmt2 at all developmental stages and in adult reproductive tissues. In contrast, MBD and TET2 showed an overall higher expression. In adult mosquito reproductive tissues, the expression level of the three genes in males' testes was significantly higher than that in females' ovaries. The chemical treatments did not affect larval survival. The findings suggest that mechanisms other than DNA methylation underlie epigenetic regulation in An. gambiae.
Experiencing gloomy Dis: Tombs, tunnels and the phenomenology of the Roman Underworld in the Phlegraean Fields
Authors: Penn Tim
Published: July 2023

Recent work in landscape archaeology has emphasized the importance of considering the experience of moving through landscapes and examining the place of burials within wider landscape contexts. This work recognizes that burial placement was often intended to create and curate experiences and meaning. While burials near roads and waterways have been discussed at length, burials near tunnels, which are an important feature of the road network of Roman central Italy, have not yet featured in discussions of the experience of Roman landscapes or the visibility of graves. This article explores these twin themes in the Phlegraean Fields west of Naples, where burials appear next to the entrances of two monumental tunnels. This placement appears to make an experiential play on the perceptions of the descent into the Underworld as described in Classical literature.
Designing dementia care activation program for Filipino American caregivers
Authors: Ramos Mary Dioise , Heath Jarrett , Lee Danielle , Wright LaNita S.
Published: July 2023

Objective

This research study aims to identify the fundamental components of community adaptation for a culturally tailored care partner activation program for Filipino American family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's Disease and related dementia (ADRD).

Design

The study utilized focus group interviews with community nurse leaders, stakeholders, and family caregivers of patients with ADRD.

Results

The research revealed that education and knowledge about the disease, community‐based services and facilities, support groups and resources, spiritual and cultural values, and access to transportation are all critical components for community adaptation.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that a culturally tailored care partner activation program that incorporates these components can enhance the quality of life for Filipino American caregivers and their loved ones with ADRD. The nursing implications of the study underscore the importance of nurses being culturally competent and sensitive to the unique challenges faced by Filipino American caregivers. Nurses can provide valuable support to caregivers by educating them, connecting them with community resources, and advocating for culturally responsive care practices.
Multiperiod channel coordination in franchise networks: The necessity of internal inventory trading and franchiser involvement
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Liangbin , Yue Xiaohang
Published: July 2023

Facing consumers' growing demand for fast order fulfillment, it is important yet challenging for franchise companies to best incentivize frequent inventory sharing among their independent franchise retailers or dealers to achieve channel coordination. Past literature has only addressed such channel coordination for one‐time inventory sharing using contractual agreements, which unfortunately do not work for frequent inventory sharing. In this study, we consider multiple inventory‐sharing opportunities and propose a novel coordinating mechanism: internal inventory trading, enabled by disruptive IT platforms, such as the OneView platform's Inventory Management module (OVIM). On the OVIM, designed and operated by a brand (franchiser), every retailer (franchisee) can frequently access to all brand inventories virtually as they trade (buy or sell) inventory with one another and the brand. Using dynamic multiperiod games, we investigate how the brand should craft the trade rules and how the retailers should respond and trade periodically in equilibrium. We prove that channel coordination can be achieved in equilibrium, and the coordination requires both an internal inventory‐trading platform and the brand's proactive involvement in trading as the rule and market maker. Specifically, the coordinating trade rules require the brand to (1) only profit from the royalties (not from trading), (2) set the coordinating trade prices (CTPs) to respond to the real‐time channel inventory, and (3) let the buyer and the seller split shipping costs in any proportion, but not offering any subsidy. We provide a detailed characterization of the CTPs for each period, serving multiple purposes beyond simply removing double marginalization. When the channel inventory is high and imbalanced, the CTPs must include a trading reward to prevent retailers from strategically holding more or less inventory than the channel‐optimal amount to “manipulate” future trade prices. The good news is that these CTPs are intuitive (constant or market‐clearing) and can be automated into the trading platform ex ante. These actionable insights can guide franchise companies toward best utilizing their channel inventory and improving their profit and customer satisfaction.
The effect of secukinumab treatment for psoriasis on serum cytokines and correlation with disease severity
Authors: Wu Lan‐Tu‐Ya , Qiao Zhu‐Hui , Tian Jia‐Bin , Lin Jia‐Lin , Hou Su‐Chun , Liu Xiao‐Ming
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of secukinumab treatment for psoriasis on different functional cytokines and inflammatory mediators in patients’ serum

Methods

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐1RA associated with intrinsic immunity; IL‐6, IL‐18, and growth regulated oncogene alpha (GROα) associated with neutrophils; IL‐12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and interferon (IFN)‐γ associated with Th1; IL‐23, IL‐17A, and IL‐22 associated with Th17; Thymus activation regulated chemokine (TARC), IL‐13, and defensin beta 2 (DEFB2) associated with Th2; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A and IL‐10 associated with angiogenesis; and IFN‐γ associated with sepsis in the peripheral blood of 12 patients with common psoriasis treated with secukinumab and 15 healthy controls. IL‐23, IL‐17A, IL‐22 associated with Th17; TARC, IL‐13, DEFB2 associated with Th2; VEGF‐A, IL‐10 associated with angiogenesis and procalcitonin (PCT) associated with sepsis. The differences in expression of the above cytokines before and after treatment and the correlation with psoriasis disease severity［Psoriasis Area Severity Index(PASI) score］, age, and disease duration were analyzed.

Results

The mean PASI score of the enrolled patients with moderate to severe psoriasis was 21.6 ± 11.0 before treatment and decreased to below 1 after treatment. Serum IL‐6; IL‐18, GROα, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, VEGF‐A, and IL‐17A were significantly higher than normal. And IL‐17A and IFN‐γ were positively correlated with disease duration and age, and IL‐18 was positively correlated with PASI score. The expression levels of IL‐6, GROα, VEGF‐A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17A and IL‐23 were significantly lower after secukinumab treatment compared with those before treatment, but the expression levels of IFN‐γ, VEGF‐A, TARC, IL‐13, and DEFB2 were still significantly higher than those of normal subjects after treatment

Conclusions

secukinumab clears skin lesions by antagonizing IL‐17A and simultaneously decreasing the expression levels of IL‐6, GRO α, VEGF‐A, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐17A, and IL‐23.
Biochar combined with magnesium fertilizer improves cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) yield by modulating physicochemical characteristics and the bacterial community in acidic soil
Authors: Li Hongzhao , Yan Tongbo , Fu Tianhong , Hao Yongzhou , Li Jing , Tan Yi , Li Zhen , Peng Yutao , Chen Xiao , Chang Jingjing , Song Zhao , Yu Min , Li Xuewen , Li Yalin , Song Shiwei , Zhang Baige
Published: July 2023

Biochar and magnesium (Mg) fertilizers have gained increasing attention in agriculture for their potential benefits. However, their combined effects on vegetable growth in southern acidic soils have not been fully elucidated. To address this issue, a study was conducted with six treatments all of which included a baseline amount of compound fertilizer (CK), an increased amount of compound fertilizer (F), Mg fertilizer (M), biochar (BC), biochar combined with Mg (BCM) and an increased amount of compound F with Mg (FM), to investigate their synergistic effects on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, microorganisms and cabbage yield. The results of the study showed that compared with CK, the M, BC and BCM treatments all increased soil organic matter (SOM), exchangeable magnesium (Ex‐Mg), acid phosphatase (ACP) and yield, while the F treatment led to a 5% decrease in SOM. The BCM treatment significantly increased SOM, Ex‐Mg, ACP by 14%, 40%, and 25%, respectively. The most abundant phyla in BCM processing were Proteobacteria (21%), Chloroflexi (19%) and Actinomycetes (17%); the most abundant genera were Bacillus (8%). Further, the effect of BCM on crop growth promotion was better than that of FM, and the economic analysis showed that compared with FM, the benefit of BCM increased by 14%. Through structural equation modelling analysis, the synergistic increase in yield was because of the increase in soil TP, Ex‐Mg, NO3−–N and β‐GC caused by BCM, improving soil nutrients and microbial communities, thereby promoting cabbage growth. Therefore, the combined application of biochar and Mg in acidic soil could significantly improve soil fertility and crop productivity, while also reducing the need for costly chemical fertilizers, thereby offering a promising and cost‐effective approach for sustainable agriculture.
The DEAD‐box helicase RCF1 plays roles in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Chi , Zhang Zhanhui , He Juan , Bai Yongsheng , Cui Jie , Liu Lin , Tang Jihua , Tang Guiliang , Chen Xuemei , Mo Beixin
Published: July 2023

RCF1 is a highly conserved DEAD‐box RNA helicase found in yeast, plants, and mammals. Studies about the functions of RCF1 in plants are limited. Here, we uncovered the functions of RCF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana as a player in pri‐miRNA processing and splicing, as well as in pre‐mRNA splicing. A mutant with miRNA biogenesis defects was isolated, and the defect was traced to a recessive point mutation in RCF1 (rcf1‐4). We show that RCF1 promotes D‐body formation and facilitates the interaction between pri‐miRNAs and HYL1. Finally, we show that intron‐containing pri‐miRNAs and pre‐mRNAs exhibit a global splicing defect in rcf1‐4. Together, this work uncovers roles for RCF1 in miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing in Arabidopsis.
Punctured groups for exotic fusion systems
Authors: Henke Ellen , Libman Assaf , Lynd Justin
Published: July 2023

The transporter systems of Oliver and Ventura and the localities of Chermak are classes of algebraic structures that model the ‐local structures of finite groups. Other than the transporter categories and localities of finite groups, important examples include centric, quasicentric, and subcentric linking systems for saturated fusion systems. These examples are, however, not defined in general on the full collection of subgroups of the Sylow group. We study here punctured groups, a short name for transporter systems or localities on the collection of nonidentity subgroups of a finite ‐group. As an application of the existence of a punctured group, we show that the subgroup homology decomposition on the centric collection is sharp for the fusion system. We also prove a Signalizer Functor Theorem for punctured groups and use it to show that the smallest Benson–Solomon exotic fusion system at the prime 2 has a punctured group, while the others do not. As for exotic fusion systems at odd primes , we survey several classes and find that in almost all cases, either the subcentric linking system is a punctured group for the system, or the system has no punctured group because the normalizer of some subgroup of order is exotic. Finally, we classify punctured groups restricting to the centric linking system for certain fusion systems on extraspecial ‐groups of order .
Study on Directional Drilling Coupling Dynamics Based on Drill String Rotary Controller
Authors: Tian Jialin , Mao Lanhui , Yang Yinglin , Song Haolin , Song Junyang
Published: July 2023

In the process of long horizontal well in directional drilling, serious contact between drill string and wellbore leads to weight on bit loss. Therefore, this paper proposes a drill string rotary controller (DSC) for directional well, and its function test is completed through the experimental platform. Connected DSC working mechanism, a drill string coupling dynamic model is established under conditions of horizontal well in directional drilling. In the case study, the coupling dynamic characteristics of different units, including drill pipes and bottom-of-hole modules in axial and torsional directions, are studied. The results show that the effective value of drilling rate increases while the axial vibration velocity and amplitude of drill bit decreases. Moreover, in torsional direction, when drill string system is stable state, the rotating angular velocity of different drill pipes, rotary table, and collar is 31.16 rad/s, and the angular velocity of drill bit is 43.19 rad/s, respectively. It indicates the DSC working performance, which enhances the drilling system balance capacity. Overall, different from the sliding friction between wellbore and drill string, the addition of DSC realizes the separation and meshing of drill string and bottom hole modules, which can significantly increase the transition efficiency of weight on bit and torque value. Theoretical and experimental researches prove that the tool can effectively solve the problem of serious weight on bit loss in directional drilling process, and provides a new reference and idea for developing directional drilling technology when facing new challenges.
Deformation and Dynamic Response of Steel Belt Staggered Multilayer Cylindrical Shell Under External Blast Loading
Authors: Liu Yuanqi , Du Yang , Zhou Fan , Zhang Zhaoteng
Published: July 2023

The deformation and dynamic response of a multilayer cylindrical shell composed of an inner shell and fourteen outer layers under external blast loads of different trinitro-toluene equivalency weights were studied. A numerical model using the thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model and considering fluid–structure coupling between explosion wave and structure was developed. The displacement in axial direction and cross section, as well as the effective strain responses, were analyzed to demonstrate the potential deformation of the shell structure. Results demonstrate that different materials cause inconsistent displacement and separation to develop in the inner and outer shells. In order to address the problem that the displacement of the inner shell is hard to measure due to the shielding and covering of the outer shell, a theoretical formula for calculating the maximum displacement of the inner shell was developed. The deflection process and stress triaxiality histories of the inner shell were investigated, and the results showed that compressive stress is the primary cause of plastic deformation. Additionally, the delamination that appeared in the outer shell was discussed, and it was revealed that there are two factors of delamination: (1) Stress waves spread across adjacent layers in the opposite direction because steel belts were wound in the opposite direction between the two adjacent layers; (2) Outer layers experienced uneven compressive loads. The results will be helpful to provide a reference for the intrinsic safety design of such multilayer cylindrical structures for hydrogen storage, etc.
Loss of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 disrupts inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Lin Joseph B. , Mora Amy , Wang Tzu Jui , Santeford Andrea , Usmani Darksha , Ligon Marianne M. , Mysorekar Indira U. , Apte Rajendra S.
Published: July 2023

Macrophages are innate immune cells that patrol tissues and are the first responders to detect infection. They orchestrate the host immune response in eliminating invading pathogens and the subsequent transition from inflammation to tissue repair. Macrophage dysfunction contributes to age-related pathologies, including low-grade inflammation in advanced age that is termed “inflammaging.” Our laboratory has previously identified that macrophage expression of a fatty acid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 (SCD2), declines with age. Herein, we delineate the precise cellular effects of SCD2 deficiency in murine macrophages. We found that deletion of
Scd2
from macrophages dysregulated basal and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated transcription of numerous inflammation-associated genes. Specifically, deletion of
Scd2
from macrophages decreased basal and LPS-induced expression of
Il1b
transcript that corresponded to decreased production of precursor IL1B protein and release of mature IL1B. Furthermore, we identified disruptions in autophagy and depletion of unsaturated cardiolipins in SCD2-deficient macrophages. To assess the functional relevance of SCD2 in the macrophage response to infection, we challenged SCD2-deficient macrophages with uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
and found that there was impaired clearance of intracellular bacteria. This increased burden of intracellular bacteria was accompanied by increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF but decreased IL1B. Taken together, these results indicate that macrophage expression of
Scd2
is necessary for maintaining the macrophage response to inflammatory stimuli. This link between fatty acid metabolism and fundamental macrophage effector functions may potentially be relevant to diverse age-related pathologies.

IMPORTANCE

Macrophages are immune cells that respond to infection, but their dysfunction is implicated in many age-related diseases. Recent evidence showed that macrophage expression of a fatty acid enzyme, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2, declines in aged organisms. In this work, we characterize the effects when stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2 is deficient in macrophages. We identify aspects of the macrophage inflammatory response to infection that may be affected when expression of a key fatty acid enzyme is decreased, and these findings may provide cellular insight into how macrophages contribute to age-related diseases.
Supplemental Material: Field calibration of 40Ar/39Ar K-feldspar multiple diffusion domain (MDD) thermal histories at the Grayback normal fault block, Arizona, USA
Authors: Wong Martin S. , al. et
Published: July 2023

Sample collection and processing, 40Ar/39Ar analyses, modeling procedure, Tables S1–S8, and Figures S1–S10.  