bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an infection control competency scale for clinical nurses: an instrument design study
Authors: Hyeon Yong Hwan , Moon Kyoung Ja
Published: April 2024

Background

Nurses work in close proximity to patients, and as such, they can have a direct impact on the control of infections; thus, it is important for nurses to be competent in infection control. However, the scales used to measure infection control performance in nurses are not suitable for measuring infection control competencies that reflect nurses’ expertise, clinical environment, and work. Thus, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measure to assess infection control competency of clinical nurses.

Methods

A concept analysis, using a hybrid model, was performed on the infection control competency of clinical nurses to confirm the components and develop 67 initial items. Ten experts evaluated the content validity of these items, and a Korean language expert and a Doctor of Nursing reviewed the questions to consolidate them into 59 items. Subsequently, 267 nurses working at a certified tertiary hospital in D City were surveyed to confirm the validity and reliability of the scale.

Results

As a result of the study, the final scale comprising seven factors and 33 questions was derived, and the cumulative explanatory power of these factors was 60.8%. To verify convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, and the average variance extraction index, composite reliability values, and confidence interval of the correlation coefficient between factors were confirmed. Convergent and discriminant validities were verified by comparison with standard values. The Cronbach’s α for the entire scale in this study was 0.93. Consequently, the validity and reliability of the clinical nurses’ infection control competency measurement scale were verified.

Conclusions

The validity and reliability of the infection control competency measurement scale for clinical nurses (ICCS-CN) developed in this study was verified, and the scale can be effectively used to measure the infection control competency of clinical nurses. Measuring the infection control competency of clinical nurses will help reduce the harm caused by infection and ensure patient safety by decreasing infection rates in medical institutions.
Genetic underpinnings explored: OPA1 deletion and complex phenotypes on chromosome 3q29
Authors: Wang Ethan Hung-Hsi , Lin Pei-Hsuan , Wu Pei-Liang , Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Liu Laura , Yeh Lung-Kun , Chen Kuan-Jen , Hsiao Meng-Chang , Wang Nan-Kai
Published: April 2024

Background

Copy number variations (CNVs) have emerged as significant contributors to the elusive genetic causality of inherited eye diseases. In this study, we describe a case with optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm, in which a de novo CNV 3q29 deletion was identified.

Case presentation

A 40-year-old female patient was referred to our department after undergoing aneurysm transcatheter arterial embolization for a brain aneurysm. She had no history of systemic diseases, except for unsatisfactory best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) since elementary school. Electrophysiological tests confirmed the findings in retinal images, indicating optic nerve atrophy. Chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a de novo deletion spanning 960 kb on chromosome 3q29, encompassing OPA1 and six neighboring genes. Unlike previously reported deletions in this region associated with optic atrophy, neuropsychiatric disorders, and obesity, this patient displayed a unique combination of optic atrophy and a brain aneurysm. However, there is no causal relationship between the brain aneurysm and the CNV.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the optic atrophy is conclusively attributed to the OPA1 deletion, and the aneurysm could be a coincidental association. The report emphasizes the likelihood of underestimating OPA1 deletions due to sequencing technology limitations. Recognizing these constraints, healthcare professionals must acknowledge these limitations and consistently search for OPA1 variants/deletions in Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) patients with negative sequencing results. This strategic approach ensures a more comprehensive exploration of copy-number variations, ultimately enhancing diagnostic precision in the field of genetic disorders.
Can essential fatty acids (EFAs) prevent and ameliorate post-COVID-19 long haul manifestations?
Authors: Das Undurti N.
Published: April 2024

It is hypothesized that COVID-19, post-COVID and post-mRNA COVID-19 (and other related) vaccine manifestations including “long haul syndrome” are due to deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFAs) and dysregulation of their metabolism. This proposal is based on the observation that EFAs and their metabolites can modulate the swift immunostimulatory response of SARS-CoV-2 and similar enveloped viruses, suppress inappropriate cytokine release, possess cytoprotective action, modulate serotonin and bradykinin production and other neurotransmitters, inhibit NF-kB activation, regulate cGAS-STING pathway, modulate gut microbiota, inhibit platelet activation, regulate macrophage and leukocyte function, enhance wound healing and facilitate tissue regeneration and restore homeostasis. This implies that administration of EFAs could be of benefit in the prevention and management of COVID-19 and its associated complications.
Magnetic resonance imaging for jawbone assessment: a systematic review
Authors: Parize Hian , Sadilina Sofya , Caldas Ricardo Armini , Cordeiro João Victor Cunha , Kleinheinz Johannes , Laganá Dalva Cruz , Sesma Newton , Bohner Lauren
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for jawbone assessment compared to reference-standard measurements in the literature.

Materials and methods

An electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library in June 2022, and updated in August 2023. Studies evaluating the accuracy of MRI for jawbone assessment compared with reference-standard measurements (histology, physical measurements, or computed tomography) were included. The outcome measures included bone histomorphometry and linear measurements. The risk of bias was assessed by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022342697).

Results

From 63 studies selected for full-text analysis, nine manuscripts were considered eligible for this review. The studies included assessments of 54 participants, 35 cadavers, and one phantom. A linear measurement error ranging from 0.03 to 3.11 mm was shown. The accuracy of bone histomorphometry varies among studies. Limitations of the evidence included heterogeneity of MRI protocols and the methodology of the included studies.

Conclusion

Few studies have suggested the feasibility of MRI for jawbone assessment, as MRI provides comparable results to those of standard reference tests. However, further advancements and optimizations are needed to increase the applicability, validate the efficacy, and establish clinical utility of these methods.
A randomized controlled trial to compare short-term outcomes following infragastric and infracolic omentectomy at the time of primary debulking surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer with normal-appearing omentum
Authors: Dong Xuhui , Yuan Lei , Zou Ruoyao , Yao Liangqing
Published: April 2024

Background

Omentectomy is an important procedure in surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer, but the scope of omentectomy is not recommended in the guidelines. This study was performed to evaluate the benefits and risks of infragastric omentectomy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods

This trial is a single center prospective study. Primary epithelial ovarian cancer patients with normal-appearing omentum were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group and underwent infracolic or infragastric omentectomy, respectively. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. This trial is registered on Chinese clinical trial registry site (ChiCTR1800018771).

Results

A total of 106 patients meeting the inclusion criteria for ovarian cancer were included during the study period. Of these, 53 patients underwent infracolic omentectomy, whereas 53 patients received infragastric omentectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that infragastric omentectomy could improve the detection rate of omental metastases (OR: 6.519, P = 0.005). Infragastric omentectomy improved progression-free survival significantly for those cases with higher than stage IIB disease (HR: 0.456, P = 0.041). Based on the short-term results, infragastric omentectomy did not cause more perioperative complications.

Conclusions

Compared with infracolic omentectomy, infragrastric omentectomy may be a more appropriate surgical procedure for stage IIB-IIIC epithelial ovarian cancer patients with normal-appearing omentum.
Clinical features of plastic bronchitis in children after congenital heart surgery
Authors: Zhu Li-Min , Li Chun-Xiang , Gong Xiao-Lei , Xu Zhuo-Ming , Liu Jin-Long , Zhang Hai-Bo
Published: April 2024

Background

Plastic bronchitis (PB) can occur in patients who have undergone congenital heart surgery (CHS). This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of PB in children after CHS.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the electronic medical record system. The study population consisted of children diagnosed with PB after bronchoscopy in the cardiac intensive care unit after CHS from May 2016 to October 2021.

Results

A total of 68 children after CHS were finally included in the study (32 in the airway abnormalities group and 36 in the right ventricular dysfunction group). All children were examined and treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Pathogens were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 41 children, including 32 cases in the airway abnormalities group and 9 cases in the right ventricular dysfunction group. All patients were treated with antibiotics, corticosteroids (intravenous or oral), and budesonide inhalation suspension. Children with right ventricular dysfunction underwent pharmacological treatment such as reducing pulmonary arterial pressure. Clinical symptoms improved in 64 children, two of whom were treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) due to recurrent PB and disease progression.

Conclusions

Children with airway abnormalities or right ventricular dysfunction after CHS should be alerted to the development of PB. Pharmacological treatment such as anti-infection, corticosteroids, or improvement of right ventricular function is the basis of PB treatment, while fiberoptic bronchoscopy is an essential tool for the diagnosis and treatment of PB. ECMO assistance is a vital salvage treatment for recurrent critically ill PB patients.
“Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa” and “Epidermolysis Bullosa Burden of Disease”: Italian translation, cultural adaptation, and pilot testing of two disease-specific questionnaires
Authors: El Hachem May , Diociaiuti Andrea , Zambruno Giovanna , Samela Tonia , Ferretti Francesca , Carnevale Claudia , Linertová Renata , Bodemer Christine , Murrell Dédée F. , Abeni Damiano
Published: April 2024

Background

Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of skin fragility disorders characterized by blister formation following minor trauma. Four major types are distinguished based on the level of cleavage within the skin. Most EB forms present severely disabling cutaneous and systemic signs and symptoms. Management relies on daily time-consuming and distressing topical medications, and symptomatic treatment of systemic findings. Disease manifestations, symptoms, and daily care strongly affect patient and caregiver quality of life (QoL). To date, there are two validated EB-specific questionnaires, the “Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa” (QOLEB) and the “Epidermolysis Bullosa Burden of Disease” (EB-BoD) for the evaluation of patient and family disease burden, respectively. The aim of our study was to develop an Italian translation of the two questionnaires and to pilot-test them.

Methods

The guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of health-related QoL measures were followed. Initially, two separate translations were generated for each questionnaire, and subsequently reconciled by an expert committee. This was followed by a back-translation process. The original texts and all translations underwent revision by the expert committee, resulting in definitive versions. The final versions were then tested in a pilot study involving cognitive debriefing in a group of 17 families, representative of all EB major types.

Results

The translation and reconciliation process led to minor changes to obtain semantic/idiomatic/cultural equivalence of the Italian versions with the original ones and to reconcile the questions with the answer options. The cognitive debriefing process showed a good understanding and did not require text modifications.

Conclusions

The Italian versions of the QOLEB and EB-BoD provide valuable tools in everyday clinical practice of reference centers, and they allow the participation in multicenter international real-life observational studies as well as in controlled clinical trials. They enable the identification of disease-specific psychological and socioeconomic challenges for EB patients and their families, guiding targeted interventions to ensure appropriate and timely care.
Treatment of COVID-19-associated ARDS with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in the STROMA-CoV-2 multicenter randomized double-blind trial: long-term safety, respiratory function, and quality of life
Authors: Sitbon Alexandre , Hauw-Berlemont Caroline , Mebarki Miryam , Heming Nicholas , Mayaux Julien , Diehl Jean-Luc , Demoule Alexandre , Annane Djillali , Marois Clémence , Demeret Sophie , Weiss Emmanuel , Voiriot Guillaume , Fartoukh Muriel , Constantin Jean‐Michel , Mégarbane Bruno , Plantefève Gaëtan , Boucher-Pillet Hélène , Churlaud Guillaume , Cras Audrey , Maheux Camille , Pezzana Chloé , Diallo Mamadou Hassimiou , Lebbah Said , Ropers Jacques , Salem Joe-Elie , Straus Christian , Menasché Philippe , Larghero Jérôme , Monsel Antoine ,   APHP STROMA–CoV‐2 Collaborative Research Group, Benchetrit Déborah , Bonvallot Harold , Charbonnier-Beaupel Fanny , Dhib-Charfi Meriem , Delmotte Pierre Romain , Kone Assitan , Le Corre Marine , Metz Carole , Puybasset Louis , Vezinet Corinne
Published: April 2024

Background

The STROMA-CoV-2 study was a French phase 2b, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that did not identify a significant efficacy of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Safety on day 28 was found to be good. The aim of our extended study was to assess the 6- and 12-month safety of UC-MSCs administration in the STROMA-CoV-2 cohort.

Methods

A detailed multi-domain assessment was conducted at 6 and 12 months following hospital discharge focusing on adverse events, lung computed tomography-scan, pulmonary and muscular functional status, and quality of life in the STROMA-CoV-2 cohort including SARS–CoV-2-related early (< 96 h) mild‐to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Results

Between April 2020 and October 2020, 47 patients were enrolled, of whom 19 completed a 1-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in any endpoints or adverse effects between the UC-MSCs and placebo groups at the 6- and 12-month assessments. Ground-glass opacities persisted at 1 year in 5 patients (26.3%). Furthermore, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide remained altered over 1 year, although no patient required oxygen or non-invasive ventilatory support. Quality of life revealed declines in mental, emotional and physical health throughout the follow-up period, and the six-minute walking distance remained slightly impaired at the 1-year patient assessment.

Conclusions

This study suggests a favorable safety profile for the use of intravenous UC-MSCs in the context of the first French wave of SARS-CoV-2-related moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, with no adverse effects observed at 1 year.
Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody BRII-196(Ambavirumab) plus BRII-198(Lomisivir): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yalan Qin , Lingfang Hao , Xisong Liu , Run Liang , Junjing Zhang , An Zhang’
Published: April 2024

Background

Monoclonal antibody therapy for Covid-19 springs up all over the world and get some efficiency. This research aims to explore the treating effect of BRII-196(Ambavirumab) plus BRII-198(Lomisivir) on Covid-19.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort research, patients received standard care or plus BRII-196 /BRII-198 monoclonal antibodies. General comparison of clinical indexes and prognosis between Antibody Group and Control Group was made. Further, according to the antibody using time and patients’ condition, subgroups included Early antibody group, Late antibody group, Mild Antibody Group, Mild Control Group, Severe Antibody Group and Severe Control Group.

Results

Length of stay(LOS) and interval of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Antibody Group were 12.0(IQR 9.0–15.0) and 14.0(IQR 10.0–16.0) days, less than those(13.0 (IQR 11.0–18.0) and 15.0 (IQR 12.8–17.0) days) of Control Group(p = 0.004, p = 0.004). LOS(median 10days) of Early Antibody Group was the shortest, significantly shorter than that of Control Group (median 13days)(p < 0.001). Interval(median 12days) of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Early Antibody Group also was significantly shorter than that of Control Group(median 15days) and Late Antibody Group(median 14days)(p = 0.001, p = 0.042). LOS(median 12days) and interval(median 13days) of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Mild Antibody Group was shorter than that of Mild Control Group(median 13days; median 14.5days)(p = 0.018, p = 0.033).

Conclusion

The neutralizing antibody therapy, BRII-196 plus BRII-198 could shorten LOS and interval of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative. However, it didn’t show efficacy for improving clinical outcomes among severe or critical cases.
Nutritional status of children with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary-level hospital in northern Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Rabeya , Bin Siddique Md. Kaoser , Khatun Mst. Reshma , Benzir Maskura , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Ahmed Sohel , Muurlink Olav
Published: April 2024

Background

Malnutrition in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is a significant global public health issue. Nutritional assessment combined with management or advice are essential to produce optimal outcomes.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess nutritional status and the sociodemographic profile of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from December to April 2020 among the population of children with NDDs who presented to the pediatric department of the TMSS Medical College and Rafatullah Community Hospital in Bogura during this period. Socio-demographic data along with anthropometric measurements of the children were taken. Assessment of nutritional status were made using metrics such as z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and body mass index-for-age (BAZ). Descriptive statistics (number and percentage) and analytical statistics (chi-square and logistic regression) were included.

Results

58.6% of children displayed malnutrition, with 47.8% showing undernutrition (WHZ / BAZ − 1 SD-≤-3 SD), and 10.8% overnutrition (BAZ > 2SD). Significant negative associations were found between malnutrition and parental education level, urban residency, and monthly family income. Children diagnosed with cerebral palsy exhibited twice the likelihood to be malnourished (AOR 2.39, 95% CI 0.83–6.87). Furthermore, residing in rural regions was associated with an increased risk of experiencing malnutrition, as indicated by an adjusted odds ratio of 1.60 (95% CI 0.12–3.09).

Conclusions

While the results are cross-sectional, over half of children with NDDs were found to be malnourished, suggesting that children with NDD in Bangladesh are vulnerable to developing any form of malnutrition. Therefore, regular assessments and timely nutritional support may improve their situation.
Detection of and response to gender-based violence: a quality improvement project across three secondary mental health services in London
Authors: Keynejad Roxanne C. , Boardman-Pretty Theo , Barber Sarah , Tweed John , Forshall Emily , Edwards Alice , Shotton Joshua , Wilson Claire A.
Published: April 2024

Aims and method

Our team of core and higher psychiatry trainees aimed to improve secondary mental health service detection of and response to gender-based violence (GBV) in South East London. We audited home treatment team (HTT), drug and alcohol (D&A) service and in-patient ward clinical records (n = 90) for female and non-binary patients. We implemented brief, cost-neutral staff engagement and education interventions at service, borough and trust levels before re-auditing (n = 86), completing a plan–do–study–act cycle.

Results

Documented enquiry about exposure to GBV increased by 30% (HTT), 15% (ward) and 7% (D&A), post-intervention. We identified staff training needs and support for improving GBV care. Up to 56% of records identified psychiatric symptoms related to GBV exposure.

Clinical implications

Moves to make mental healthcare more trauma-informed rely on services first being supportive environments for enquiry, disclosure and response to traumatic stressors. Our collaborative approach across clinical services increased GBV enquiry and documentation. The quality of response is more difficult to measure and requires concerted attention.
Ganienkeh, Out of the City and Away from the Reservation: The Making of an Indigenous Space, 1974–1979
Authors: Johnson Amanda
Published: April 2024

In 1974, a group of Kahnawá:ke Mohawk families claimed a New York State–run campsite with the intent of starting a “traditional” Indigenous community they named Ganienkeh. Residents ultimately secured a permanent space in upstate New York for the community to grow in 1979. Using newspapers, interviews, and organizational newsletters, this article argues that the sources of this takeover depended on Ganienkeh people who exercised sovereignty on their own innovative terms. Using the power of gender, kinship, and family, they maintained support from outside groups and successfully fought against and capitalized on the cultural tensions of the decade.
Improving access to gene therapy for rare diseases
Authors: Fox Thomas A. , Booth Claire
Published: April 2024

Effective gene therapy approaches have been developed for many rare diseases, including inborn errors of immunity and metabolism, haemoglobinopathies and inherited blindness. Despite successful pre-clinical and clinical results, these gene therapies are not widely available, primarily for non-medical reasons. Lack of commercial interest in therapies for ultra-rare diseases, costs of development and complex manufacturing processes required for advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are some of the main problems that are restricting access. The complexities and costs of navigating the regulatory environments in different jurisdictions for treatments that affect small numbers of patients is a problem unique to ATMPS for rare and ultra-rare diseases. In this Perspective, we outline some of the challenges and potential solutions that, we hope, will improve access to gene therapy for rare diseases.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to Automate the Reconstruction of Muscle Cross-Sectional Area Obtained by Ultrasound
Authors: DA SILVA DEIVID GOMES , DA SILVA DIEGO GOMES , ANGLERI VITOR , SCARPELLI MAÍRA CAMARGO , BERGAMASCO JOÃO GUILHERME ALMEIDA , NÓBREGA SANMY ROCHA , DAMAS FELIPE , CHAVES TALISSON SANTOS , CAMARGO HELOISA DE ARRUDA , UGRINOWITSCH CARLOS , LIBARDI CLEITON AUGUSTO
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Manual reconstruction (MR) of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) from sequential ultrasound (US) images is accessible, is reproducible, and has concurrent validity with magnetic resonance imaging. However, this technique requires numerous controls and procedures during image acquisition and reconstruction, making it laborious and time-consuming. The aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of VL CSA assessments between MR and computer vision–based automated reconstruction (AR) of CSA from sequential images of the VL obtained by US.

Methods

The images from each sequence were manually rotated to align the fascia between images and thus visualize the VL CSA. For the AR, an artificial neural network model was utilized to segment areas of interest in the image, such as skin, fascia, deep aponeurosis, and femur. This segmentation was crucial to impose necessary constraints for the main assembly phase. At this stage, an image registration application, combined with differential evolution, was employed to achieve appropriate adjustments between the images. Next, the VL CSA obtained from the MR (n = 488) and AR (n = 488) techniques was used to determine their concurrent validity.

Results

Our findings demonstrated a low coefficient of variation (CV) (1.51%) for AR compared with MR. The Bland–Altman plot showed low bias and close limits of agreement (+1.18 cm2, −1.19 cm2), containing more than 95% of the data points.

Conclusions

The AR technique is valid compared with MR when measuring VL CSA in a heterogeneous sample.
Process- and Product-Oriented Fundamental Movement Skills in Early Childhood as Predictors of Later Health-Related Fitness
Authors: KASANEN MARIA , SÄÄKSLAHTI ARJA , NIEMISTÖ DONNA , TOLVANEN ASKO , LUUKKAINEN NANNE-MARI , MEKLIN ELINA , LAUKKANEN ARTO
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The skill domains of fundamental movement skills (FMS), emphasizing gross motor movements, including locomotor skills (LMS) and object control skills (OCS), along with process- and product-oriented measures of FMS, may predict cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) differently. This study investigates the longitudinal relationship from early childhood FMS, focusing on process-oriented LMS and OCS and product-oriented FMS, to CRF and MF in late childhood.

Methods

The study involved 441 Finnish children (49.9% female; mean age at baseline, 5.5 yr) over a 6-yr period. FMS was evaluated using the Test of Gross Motor Development, third version, for process-oriented LMS and OCS, and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) was used to evaluate the product-oriented FMS. CRF was assessed through the total number of laps completed in the 20-m shuttle run test, whereas MF was measured via repetitions of curl-ups and push-ups. Employing a two-level cross-classified regression analysis and Cholesky decomposition, this study aimed to determine the contributions of product-oriented KTK and process-oriented LMS and OCS. Adjustments for variations in age, measurement intervals, and maturation were achieved through residualization. In addition, gender and body mass index were incorporated as covariates in the analysis.

Results

The analysis revealed that process-oriented LMS (CRF: ΔR2= 0.016; MF: ΔR2= 0.014) significantly predicted later health-related fitness, whereas OCS did not. However, KTK exhibited a better ability to predict both CRF (ΔR2= 0.092) and MF (ΔR2= 0.032), overshadowing process-oriented measures.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the findings suggest that KTK, which potentially encompasses a broader spectrum of fitness elements along with FMS, more effectively predicts health-related fitness components than process-oriented FMS.
Estrutura e mecanismos da governança em rede na implementação de políticas públicas
Authors: Cirino Andréia Lopes Cirino , Pereira Breno Augusto Diniz , Tavares Bruno , Silva Fernanda Cristina da
Published: April 2024

As interações entre os diversos atores envolvidos na construção e implementação de uma política pública ocorrem de maneira frequente e contínua. Em vista disso, essas interações tendem a ser institucionalizadas, estabelecendo-se regras formais e informais, arenas de deliberações, jurisdições e procedimentos para as decisões e ações conjuntas, o que caracteriza a governança em rede. Este estudo buscou compreender a estrutura e os mecanismos da governança em rede na implementação de políticas públicas para crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se como fonte de dados pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados apontam para uma rede com coordenação centralizada no Conselho Municipal dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (CMDCA), e baixa formalização. No que tange à estrutura da rede e aos mecanismos de governança, constatou-se que o CMDCA é um ator central que realiza ações de coordenação, controle/monitoramento e incentivo. A coordenação se dá basicamente por meio de reuniões mensais, controle por meio da fiscalização das entidades cadastradas e do repasse de informações, e o incentivo ocorre por intermédio do suporte disponibilizado por recursos, intermediações e informações. O estudo contribui com a discussão sobre o papel da governança em rede na produção e implementação de políticas, oferecendo insights úteis e ferramentas conceituais para possibilitar uma melhor compreensão sobre esse arranjo estrutural.
La guerre des images et les images de la guerre
Authors: Νεοφύτου Ιωάννα
Published: April 2024

Η έρευνα με τίτλο " Ο πόλεμος της εικόνας και οι εικόνες του πολέμου", εξετάζει τις νέες πολιτικές ορατότητας των σύγχρονων τεχνολογικών πολέμων (high-tech warfare) από το 1990 κι έπειτα. Η έρευνα εκτείνεται στην μελέτη και ανάλυση τόσο των νέων τεχνολογιών όρασης και ελέγχου εξ αποστάσεως όσο και στις πολιτικές αναπαράστασης και οπτικής αναμετάδοσης των σύγχρονων πολέμων στην εποχή της ψηφιακής εικόνας. Η έννοια της απόστασης (war at distance), αποτελεί σημείο εκκίνησης για να μελετηθούν οι μιντιακές και καλλιτεχνικές στρατηγικές που αναπτύσσονται για να αναπαραστήσουν τους σύγχρονους πολέμους. Mέσα από την ανάλυση προσωπικών δημιουργιών, έργων σύγχρονης τέχνης και ντοκιμαντέρ, η έρευνα εξετάζει νέες μορφές θέασης και αναπαράστασης που αναδεικνύουν την σημασία της συνύπαρξης και της εγγύτητας. Η έρευνα εστιάζει στις τεχνικές αναπαράστασης με τις οποίες έργα συγχρονης τέχνης και ντοκιμαντέρ οικιοποιούνται την τεχνολογία πολέμου για να αμφισβητήσουν κυριαρχες αντιλήψεις για τον πόλεμο, το φωτορεπορτάζ, τους πρόσφυγες, την νεκροεξουσία, το δικαίωμα στην ζωή. Την ίδια στιγμή η έρευνα εξτάζει τα όρια και τους περιορισμούς αυτής της επιλογής από καλλιτέχνες όπως ο Harun Farocki, Trevor Paglen, James Bridle και Richard Mosse. Τα έργα αυτών των καλλιτεχνών, γίνονται αφορμή για να αναλυθούν καλλιτεχνικές πρακτικές που φωτίζουν μορφές ελέγχου και εξουσίας που μέχρι τώρα παρέμεναν αθέατες λόγων των ανθρώπινων αισθητηριακών περιορισμών ή λόγω των τεχνικών περιορισμών των κινηματογραφικών μας δυνατοτήτων. Τέλος, στα πλαίσια αυτής της κριτικής, αναλύονται καλλιτεχνικές πρακτικές που θέτουν στο επικεντρο την σχέση τεχνολογίας και εξουσίας, αναζητώντας νέες διεξόδους ισότιμης συνύπαρξης διαφορετικών μορφών ευφυίας. Μέσα από τα έργα των Warren Neidich, Stephane Degoutin και Gwenola Wagon εξετάζονται καλλιτεχνικές πρακτικές που προτείνονται νέες μορφές συνύπαρξης μεταξύ ζωικής, τεχνικής και ανθρώπινης νοημοσυνης, σε μια ισότιμη βάση αμοιβαίας φροντιδας.
Changes in organic carbon properties during intense plankton blooms and macroaggregate formation in the coastal Adriatic Sea, Croatia (case studies in 2020-2022)
Authors: SIMONOVIĆ NIKI , MARGUŠ MARIJA , PALIAGA PAOLO , BUDIŠA ANDREA , CIGLENEČKI IRENA
Published: April 2024

Organic matter (OM) properties, assessed with measurements of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC), surface-active DOC (SAS), and DOC normalized surfactant activity (NSA), have been under scrutiny during several recent and notable phenomena along the Adriatic Sea coast in Croatia. These phenomena were (1) massive invasive ctenophore blooms during the summer of 2020 and red tide occurrences in spring 2021 in the northern Adriatic, (2) the formation of the gelatinous macroaggregates in the coastal waters of the central Adriatic during the summer of 2021, and (3) intense autotrophic activity within the water column of the highly stratified and eutrophic marine system of Rogoznica Lake. All these events encompassed single-species plankton blooms characterized by a remarkable increase of OM (up to 320 mg L-1 of DOC and POC) with different surface-active properties (up to 15 mg L-1 of SAS) appearing in the otherwise oligotrophic Adriatic Sea. The NSA, in addition to voltammetric curves with well-defined desorption waves, is a good indicator of the presence of a different type of OM, which can be considered a possible tracer for certain processes in the marine environment. Based on our measurements, a rough threshold value for the OM hydrophobicity-reactivity of NSA = 0.083 is proposed. OM with a value above this threshold is more hydrophobic, as in the case of red tides and gelatinous zooplankton blooms with an average NSA between 0.13 and 0.16. OM with a value below this threshold indicates the presence of more hydrophilic substances such as pollen and OM produced by purple sulfur bacteria.
A new threat to Sardina pilchardus in the northwestern Mediterranean: Genetic validation of the presence of lethal parasites in pelagic eggs and ovaries
Authors: FRIGOLA-TEPE XÈNIA , PÉREZ-BIELSA NÚRIA , CABALLERO-HUERTAS MARTA , OLLÉ-VILANOVA JUDITH , MUÑOZ MARTA , VIÑAS JORDI
Published: April 2024

Over the past few decades, the fishing industry and species conservationists have grown increasingly concerned about the decrease in catches and poor health of European sardines (Sardina pilchardus), particularly in the northwestern Mediterranean region. The species is threatened by a number of factors, including parasite illnesses, rising seawater temperatures, and overfishing. Increasing seawater temperatures due to climate change might lead to the proliferation of protistan parasites, such as Ichthyodinium chabelardi. This parasite has been documented in the literature to cause 100% larval mortality in sardines, which may have detrimental effects on fish populations and the fishing industry. We confirmed the existence of I. chabelardi in pelagic eggs and the ovaries of European sardines from the Catalan coast (northwestern Mediterranean) by means of stereomicroscopic analysis and a genetic methodology for parasite identification. The incidence of this infection was 22.5% in ovarian tissue and 11.5% in eggs. In this study, we present new data on the vertical transmission of I. chabelardi from one generation to another in sardines captured in the Mediterranean region. Interpreting outbreaks of I. chabelardi, especially in sardine populations, requires further research into the transmission of infection and improving our understanding of protozoan parasites.
Non-indigenous polychaetes along the Salento Peninsula: new records and first molecular data
Authors: LANGENECK JOACHIM , PUTIGNANO MATTEO , DIMICHELE DESIRÈE , GIANGRANDE ADRIANA , BILAN MERI , TOSO ANDREA , MUSCO LUIGI
Published: April 2024

The Salento Peninsula represents the eastern-most edge of the Italian Peninsula, and one of the first areas to be invaded by thermophilic non-indigenous species. The diversity of non-indigenous polychaetes occurring along the Salento Peninsula is reviewed based on literature data and new samples. Overall, fifteen non-indigenous polychaetes were recorded; among them, Syllis similisunzima is reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea; Lepidonotus tenuisetosus is recorded for the first time in Italian waters; Pseudonereis anomala, until now known only for Sicily, is reported for the first time from the Italian Peninsula; Dorvillea similis is a first record for the Ionian and Adriatic Sea. 16S rDNA and COI sequences were obtained for eleven species, allowing us in some cases to confirm their identity and/or geographical origin, while in the case of some species they represent the first molecular data ever obtained.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as novel adsorbents for alternative fuel gas storage - A short review
Authors: Karakasi Sofia , Frontistis Zacharias , Moustakas Konstantinos , Tsanaktsidis Constantinos , Karayannis Vayos
Published: April 2024

In this study, recent research papers have been studied, significant factors regarding metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) such as chemistry, crystalline structure, design, production process simplicity, yield optimization, as well as gas adsorption-delivery mechanisms and performance are discussed, and the potential for increased applicability is analyzed in view of a broader implementation of this class of materials as efficient new adsorbents for compressed hydrogen and natural gas storage. Indeed, a zero-carbon emission future, aimed at addressing the crucial problem of global warming and climate change, demands the use of sustainable and clean energy sources. In this context, hydrogen and natural gas are increasingly gaining attention, particularly as promising alternative vehicle fuels. In order to achieve truly sustainable transportation, however, these gases should not only be produced but also stored before their final consumption. Nevertheless, both hydrogen (H2) and natural gas (mainly CH4) possess volumetric energy densities much lower than that of gasoline, which poses a significant challenge regarding the storage of compressed gas in alternative vehicle fuel cells. For overcoming this barrier, an increase in onboard gas storage capacity is needed, in order to attain a driving range equivalent to that of conventional vehicles. One option for increasing the energy density is the gas storage onto a solid surface by physical adsorption through weak van der Waals interactions. MOFs, being considered solid materials for this purpose in recent years, are noteworthy because of their favorable adsorption properties, especially due to their high specific surface, pore volume, and gas affinity adsorption sites, as well as their appropriately tunable chemical composition and microstructure. Indeed, numerous MOFs, composed of a network of metal cations and clusters bridged by organic ligands, and synthesized by different methods ranging from conventional solvothermal synthesis to alternative processing techniques with reduced organic solvent utilization, are reported in literature. Many of them are currently being considered for increasing the hydrogen/natural gas storage capacities, either in relatively moderate-pressure onboard adsorbent-based fuel tanks or in high-pressure compressors at fuel delivery station infrastructures.
Innovative and transdisciplinary educational approach through the EDICULA toolkit
Authors: Roumeliotis Stergios , Lampropoulos Kyriakos
Published: April 2024

The EDICULA educational toolkit regards an open source educational platform that addresses key issues in the rehabilitation, protection and sustainability of Cultural Heritage (CH) assets, and disseminates valuable knowhow and experience both to the wide audience as well as to CH stakeholders, scientists and professionals. The fundamental characteristic of this platform is that it promotes a holistic approach for transdisciplinary documentation, based on the experience and know-how of the EDICULA partners and – in the future – of the users as they will begin to utilize it. Both EDICULA toolkit modules are described after the development of the main thematic areas, the development of the toolkit on a moodle platform, and the preparation and uploading of the educational material. The access to the EDICULA educational platform, the layout of the educational platform, the types of educational material uploaded, the issues related to the toolkit-to-user information presentation approach and educational aspects, the complexities encountered and how they were overcome are being analyzed. The issue of users and degree of commonality between EDICULA-4-all and EDICULA+ educational toolkits is described. Emphasis is given on the way the modules are differentiated from one another. The access level is the main issue, which eventually provides a “smooth” transition between the two modules, ad hoc per user, under the supervision of registered and approved administrators or advanced users with editing privileges.

The joint utilization of both the EDICULA-4-all and EDICULA+ toolkits in the educational, advisory or research processes, is at the core of the EDICULA project’s scopes.
Applications of gene modification technologies in the treatment of inherited diseases
Authors: Superson Maciej , Szmyt Katarzyna , Wilk-Trytko Klaudia , Krasnoborska Julia , Samojedny Sylwia , Szymańska Katarzyna , Walczak Kamil
Published: April 2024

Introduction and Purpose: In last years gene modification technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 has had a revolutionary impact on the treatment of inherited diseases. Technologies developed from bacterial defense mechanisms, has become a basic tools in scientific research and medical therapies. In our article we provided an overview of applications of gene modifications technologies, directly focusing on CRISPR/Cas9, in genetic disease treatment.

 

State of Knowledge: New applications of CRISPR/Cas9 are still being explored. Treating inherited diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, thalassemia, hemophilia, Huntington's disease, Crigler-Najjar syndrome, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, and phenylketonuria, is feasible with this novel technique. A comparative analysis with other gene editing methods highlights CRISPR/Cas9's efficacy, ease of use, and multiplexing capabilities.

 

Summary: CRISPR/Cas9 is a groundbreaking technology with broad applications in genetic research and therapy. Its ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and ability to target multiple genes simultaneously position it as a preferred method. However, there are some challenges associated with precision issues and ethical considerations in human embryo gene editing. As CRISPR/Cas9 continues to evolve, responsible application and ethical considerations are important for maximizing its potential in treatment of genetic diseases.
Factores que inciden en los precios diferenciales de las viviendas en los mercados segmentados de suelo urbano: el caso de la comuna 18 en Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Vivas Pacheco Harvy , Franco Calderón Ángela María
Published: April 2024

De acuerdo con lo anterior, el objetivo de este capítulo es determinar, en la escala local, cuáles son los factores que tienen mayor incidencia en los precios diferenciales de las viviendas. Para este propósito, realizamos una aplicación empírica en la comuna 18 de Cali, zona que se caracteriza por su heterogeneidad en los patrones de ocupación del suelo, debido a la presencia de asentamientos formales (zona plana) e informales (zona de ladera), que vienen consolidándose en paralelo desde hace más de cuatro décadas. La dualidad formal e informal de esta zona permite estudiar las diferencias en la estructura de precios, así como en sus determinantes.
Accesibilidad a los servicios hospitalarios de salud en Cali
Authors: Vivas Pacheco Harvy , Rodríguez-Mariaca Diego , Sisto Nicholas
Published: April 2024

Este capítulo explora las disparidades espaciales en el acceso a los servicios de salud hospitalarios en Cali. Los hallazgos revelan las brechas existentes en la distribución de las oportunidades entre los grupos sociales que configuran la trama social urbana. El patrón espacial observado en este estudio de caso (para una ciudad de elevada segregación residencial por color de piel y pobreza) ilustra la situación de muchas ciudades de América Latina en las que prevalecen la exclusión social y la denegación del acceso al disfrute de los servicios de salud que afrontan estas colectividades, lo cual resulta aún más preocupante cuando se trata de servicios meritorios o preferentes como la salud, imprescindibles para la plena participación en la vida social y económica
Metáforas sinestésicas, cuerpos en movimiento: los paradigmas de la investigación semiótica y sensible
Authors: Urueña López Jorge Eduardo
Published: April 2024

El presente capítulo es el resultado de la investigación postdoctoral titulada Deconstrucciones epistémicas de la investigación cualitativa, mediante el reconocimiento de la significación y los estudios de la sensibilidad (2022). En este capítulo se encontrará una reflexión acerca de las epistemologías que definen el paradigma de la investigación semiótica y sensible, bajo el reconocimiento del cuerpo como centro-objeto para el diseño de nuevos trayectos metodológicos, y como elemento que tensiona conceptualmente el desplazamiento de los paradigmas tradicionales de la investigación cualitativa. En este sentido, el cuerpo se manifiesta como una configuración metafórica sinestésica (Corbin et al., 2005; Creswell, 1998; Vasilachis de Gialdino, 1997; Urueña, 2022), con la cual se convalidan las bases fundacionales de este paradigma contemporáneo. Se proponen dos hipótesis de trabajo: la primera se inscribe en la comprensión epistémica del giro de los paradigmas de la investigación para la fundamentación del objeto de estudio, y la segunda se enmarca en la revisión conceptual de la semiótica, en tanto cuerpo teórico que sustenta la significación como práctica investigativa, para consolidar el paradigma de investigación que se pregunta por la capacidad de acceder al mundo mediante el acto de signar el fenómeno.
Silencio, una manera de escuchar con el cuerpo
Authors: Nabón Hernández Sebastián
Published: April 2024

Nos encontramos en el inmenso, heterogéneo, acogedor e indefinido espacio del arte y la creación desde distintos lugares y con distintos intereses,en una suerte de sanatorio de emergencia ante nuestras crisis emocionales. Queremos encontrar la vacuna ante las tensiones espirituales a las que nos enfrentan las demás situaciones críticas en otros aspectos de nuestra vida. Algunos callamos y escuchamos. El silencio se presenta como un elemento cultural; al igual que las palabras y el lenguaje, se manifiesta de diversas formas en nuestras vidas, algunas elegidas y otras impuestas. Reflexionar sobre el silencio nos permite potenciar y desarrollar diferentes formas de escucha, así como ampliar nuestras sensibilidades y significados. Esta reflexión parte desde el proceso creativo sonoro musical y tiene como principales fundamentos teóricos: 1) el silencio como un acto de habla a través de la teoría de Saville-Troike; 2) el concepto del silencio como modalidad del significado desde algunos textos de David Le Breton; 3) la relación entre la “intención” y “no-intención” en la escucha desde algunos textos de John Cage, y 4) las nociones de “sociabilidad sonora”, “deseo colectivo”, relación del entorno sonoro con respecto al cuerpo desde la teoría de Salomé Voegelin.