bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two methods for subchannel seizure in gsm cell using vamos technics
Authors: Lebl Aleksandar , Mitić Dragan , Markov Žarko , Stanić Mihailo
Published: August 2018

This paper considers two methods for voice channel seizure in one GSM cell, which uses VAMOS technics for traffic efficiency improvement. An important characteristic for models comparison is call loss caused by unsuccessful connection pairing in one timeslot. The first method gives priority to voice connection quality, and the other one to traffic efficiency. The methods are estimated by the simulation, which is first tested by comparing its results to the calculation results for a very small system. The influences of traffic intensity, allowed power difference of two paired connections and attenuation coefficient on the loss caused by unsuccessful pairing are assessed.
Steuerungsethik lauteren Wettbewerbs und Protestantismus – Ein Beitrag zur ideengeschichtlichen Diskussion
Authors: Herrmann Harald
Published: August 2018

Based on actual advancements of historical research on Smith and Luther, the thesis of protestantism concerning the roots of competitive capitalism is being confirmed, but modified by aspects of paradigmatic revolution to individualistic anthropology. The present paper analyses the Lutheran theology of justification as a special kind of contingency doctrine and shows historical developments from Luther to Thomasius, Smith and Kant. As to the history of paradigma effects of individualism, European origins of competition ethics of responsibility can be shown, which do not refer to market performance or imperformance, but to accountability in sense of risk identification and risk control. Unfair competitive actions, therefore, are to be legally interdicted as unethical competition behaviour when market risks are transferred to market partners or to third persons without good reasons of risk control. Some further conclusions can be made to ethical rules of banking and companies’ law as well as to the general law of commerce.
Attentional actions – an ecological-enactive account of utterances of concrete words
Authors: Van Den Herik Jasper C.
Published: August 2018

This paper proposes an ecological-enactive account of utterances of concrete words - words used to indicate observable situations, events, objects, or characteristics. Building on the education of attention model of learning, utterances of concrete words are defined as attentional actions: a repeatable form of behaviour performed by a person to indicate (i.e. point out) a particular aspect of the current situation to someone in order to achieve something. Based on recent empirical evidence on categorical colour perception, attentional actions are proposed to constrain the ongoing phenotypic reorganisation of persons into task-specific devices. The paper ends by situating the proposed account in a wider theoretical perspective on language. This paper serves two purposes: first, it undermines the scope objection against the ecological-enactive approach, and second, it provides a novel explanation for recent empirical evidence with respect to the role of language in categorical colour perception
Application of the New Nato Logistics System
Authors: Pecina Miroslav , Husak Jan
Published: August 2018

The article focuses on the current use of NATO’s logistics information systems in NATO’s defense planning and operational planning process in the logistics area. Information support is provided through NATO Logistics Functional Area Services (LOGFAS) Logistics Systems, which create the necessary information environment through individual software tools. In order to improve logistical information support, NATO is in parallel preparing for the modernization of the existing information environment and developing LOG FS project that should replace existing information systems in the future, optimize information support, bring new functions and enable logistics operations coordination within NATO’s integrated command and control network and between alliance and nations.
Arylesterase activity of Paraoxonase 1 - prognostic factor for one-year survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ciumărnean Lorena , Greavu Mihai , Vesa Ştefan C , Tanțău Alina I , Dogaru Gabriela B , Alexescu Teodora G , Milaciu Mircea V , Saraci George V , Macarie Antonia E , Para Ioana
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Reduced serum levels of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities are associated with diseases involving increased oxidative stress, such as acute coronary syndrome. We aimed to determine whether serum PON1 activities are a prognostic factor for one-year survival following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Material and methods: We prospectively followed for one-year 75 patients diagnosed and treated for STEMI. Clinical, laboratory and imagistic data were gathered after coronary angiography. PON1 activities (paraoxonase, arylesterase, and lactonase) were assayed spectophotometrically on samples of heparinized plasma taken from the patients in a timeframe of maximum 20 minutes after coronary angiography.

Results: Increased mortality was linked to age (patients over 68 years), permanent atrial fibrillation or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (associated with global hypokinesia, apical or septal akinesia), trivascular disease atherosclerosis, reduced PON1 activities (paraoxonase <18.4 IU/mL, arylesterase <12.6 IU/mL, lactonase <27.6 IU/mL), and glomerular filtration rate levels <54 mL/min/1.73m2. Multivariate survival analysis showed the independent prognostic role of age (HR 3.92; 95%CI 1.08-14.16; p=0.03), LVEF (HR 9.93; 95%CI 2.20-44.86; p=0.003) and arylesterase (HR 4.25; 95%CI 0.94-19.18; p=0.05) for one-year mortality.

Conclusion: Reduced arylesterase activity of PON1 is an independent predictor of one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction.
Electrical resistivity methods for landfill monitoring
Authors: Zawadzki Łukasz , Wychowaniak Dorota , Lech Mariusz
Published: August 2018

Every single investment affects the natural environment, and that is why it is so important to eliminate nuisance it could cause. Extremely harmful effect on environment or human health could be expected from waste treatment facilities. One of the kinds of contamination which is a real threat to soil and water environment are leachates from landfills. They contain random chemical composition and can migrate from landfill through soil water flux leading to environmental pollution and degradation of groundwater. This paper focuses on the use of geophysical methods to assess migration of pollutants from the landfill through the subsoil. The laboratory tests of solute transport have been conducted on three soil samples from Łubna site to simulate the contamination flow. Migration of leachates through soil samples was controlled using the column test and electrical resistivity measurements which allow to com pare the results obtained with the standard column test method and electrical resistivity measurements. It leads to the conclusion that electrical resistivity methods for contamination transport monitoring in soil–water systems are suitable. Furthermore, field electrical resistivity tomography have been used for monitoring of the vertical sealing system in Łubna landfill.
High Capacity Audio Steganography Based on Contourlet Transform
Authors: Hameed Abbas Salman
Published: August 2018

The science of hiding information behind other cover media file is known steganography. Audio steganography means that a secret message is hidden by embedding it in an audio file. This paper presents a new audio steganography approach that is used the contourlet transform to hide a speech and image in an audio signal. The cover audio signal is modified to be suitable as input to contourlet transform and then secret data embed to the subbands of contourlet transform. The results showed high hiding capacity of data up to 90% of cover audio file size. In addition, performance analysis by measures factors: Normalized Correlation (NC), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) appears good quality results for both stego and secret data.
OFDM Channel Estimation Enhancement using Null Subcarriers
Authors: Mohammed Abdulmunem Ahmed
Published: August 2018

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the popular techniques for high data rates nowadays. However, the channel transfer function estimation for OFDM based systems is essential, to increase the bit rate with low bit error rate (BER) degradation. Numerous algorithms are provided in the literature such as the pilot assisted channel estimation methods. This paper suggests to making use of the null subcarriers, such as the cyclic prefix interval, to make more occupation of the pilot subcarriers. Least squares estimator has been employed to estimate the channel frequency response. However, simulation results, using MATLAB programming, show that the BER performance has been improved, where the required signal to noise ratio (SNR) has been reduced by approximately 4dB, for different baseband mapping.
Effect of Alton Kopri Wastewater on Lesser-Zab Raw Water
Authors: Slewa Evan Ogestin , Abdullah Wali Ali , Aziz Shuokr Qarani
Published: August 2018

This work aimed to study the impact of Alton Kopri wastewater on the Lesser-Zab River water. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the impacts of the formed wastewater on the Lesser-Zab River using the mass balance principle (MBP) and provide appropriate solutions to this problem. Fresh samples from Alton Kopri wastewater and the Lesser-Zab River water were collected from February 2013 to September 2013. The samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, total acidity, chloride, turbidity, solids, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, and sulfate. Results presented graphically demonstrated that Alton Kopri wastewater can be classified as medium- to strong-type wastewater, whereas the Lesser-Zab River can be categorized as a moderately polluted river and moderately hard to hard water. The application of MBP revealed that Alton Kopri wastewater affected the Lesser-Zab River water; hence, appropriate solutions were outlined to minimize the impact of the former on the water resource and treatment of the latter.
Channel Capacity Improvement of MIMO Communication Systems using Different Techniques
Authors: Nawaf Shahir Fleyeh
Published: August 2018

The modern communication systems require high data, and this rate cannot be achieved in Single input- Single out put (SISO) systems. This prosperity can be gained by improving the channel capacity using systems for Multiple Input-Multiple output (MIMO). In this paper the parameters effecting channel capacity are studied, these include (antennas numbers, antennas distribution, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)) using multiplexing, diversity and beamforming techniques. The results showed that the channel capacity for multiplexing technique increased semi-linearly with antennas number when the antennas at transmitter side and receiver side are equal. While the increase in capacity became less when the antennas distribution is different. Increasing the antennas ate the receiver side gives better capacity than increasing the antennas ate the transmitter side. The multiplexing techniques give the best performance from diversity techniques and beamforming when (SNR) greater than (10 dB). While the beamforming technique gives the best performance for (SNR) less than (10 dB).
Effect of the Combined Pollution of Brick Industry and Sandstorms on the Performance of High Voltage Insulators and Flashover Phenomenon
Authors: Dahham Israa Amer
Published: August 2018

Recent repeated flashovers and power outage incidents in an (400/132) kV substation, located in the Ad Diwaniyah Province, have called for extensive investigations to evaluate the effect of subsequent deposition of sandstorm and free carbon particles (soot) on the performance of HV insulators and probable flashover occurrences. In the Ad Diwaniyah Province, the insulators of the transmission lines and substations are normally subjected to sandstorms (once or twice per year). Moreover, rapid brick industry expansion (10 brick factories constructed and operated over the last ten years) within the area of the Shafeyea, where, the (400/132) kV substation is located, has also led to a noticeable industrial pollution. Porcelain and polymeric insulators were exposed to sand and soot polluted environments and the effect of pollution severity on the flashover characteristics was investigated. Flashover voltages were measured under various simulated polluted environments for both porcelain and polymeric insulators. Obtained results show that the deposition rate of soot particles is highly increased when both porcelain and polymeric insulators are already polluted with sand particles regardless of whether the sand particles are charged or not. However, moistening was found very critical to pollutant layer build-up and consequently increases the severity of pollution.
Enforcement of Epoxy with Silica Fume and Carbon Fiber
Authors: Majeed Amer Hameed
Published: August 2018

A composite material has been prepared using epoxy resin as a matrix, reinforced with silica fume, carbon fiber, and their hybrid (mixture of silica fume and carbon fiber). Samples were prepared in a fabricated mold with dimensions according to the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The additions of silica fume, carbon fiber, and mixture of them were with weight ratios of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 wt.%. Properties of this composite material are determined; hardness, compression, and ultrasonic. The results showed that the mechanical properties increases with increasing of silica fume ratio up to 2 wt.%, and for higher than of 2 wt.% they were decrease, whereas the addition of carbon fiber and mixture of carbon fiber with silica fume powder correspondingly enhances the properties up to 2 wt.% and fixed on its values.
The Dynamic Behavior and Control of Absorption Column
Authors: Ahmed Duraid F. , Ahmed Sahar A.
Published: August 2018

The present paper deals with studying the dynamic model and control of absorption column by implementing two types of control strategies for CO2 gas and NaOH solution. The control methods in this study are PID, fuzzy with five membership function. The results showed that a good improvement for CO2/Air-NaOH system with chemical reaction is achieved when the fuzzy logic with five membership function because these methods have more suitable, lower over shoot, less offset value and less integral absolute error.
Numerical Simulation for Estimating Energy Dissipation over Different Types of Stepped Spillways and Evaluate the Performance by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Jamel Asmaa Abdul Jabbar
Published: August 2018

In this research, Flow-3D software uses to study the energy dissipation for stepped spillways with different end sills. The study is bases on three models. The first model contains rectangular end sills in all steppes. The second model contains rectangular end sills between one step and another. The third model contains triangular end sills in all steppes. For each of these models, three different variables are adopt, slope, height of the spillway and a number of steppes, and four different discharges value, carrying the total number of experiments to (324) tests.Analytical results show that the model (3) is the highest energy dissipation for all discharges value. Empirical equations extraction to find the energy dissipation for each of these models. The artificial neural network is also adopt to prove the accuracy and efficiency of the analytical results which are at high rates of compatibility with the values of the coefficient of determination for (model 1), (model 2) and (model 3) equal to (93.47%), (88.20%) and (86.00%) respectively. Also, artificial neural network identifies the most influential factors on the energy dissipation, the friction Froude number is the highest impact on the energy dissipation for models (1) and (2), while the parameter (b/ks) for the model (1).
A Study of Two- Dimensional Non Linear Model of Truck Vehicle and its Impact on Determining the Maximum Speed of Driver Comfort
Authors: Kasim Salim Y. , Hameed Raaid M.
Published: August 2018

Ride comfort is one of the important requirement which cars manufactures is try to achieved it because its directly effect on the sales rate, so it was to be tacking the factors that effect on the comfort degree of car users , in this field it has been concentrating on the driver comfort because of his responsibility on the car drive and on passengers safety as well as to focus on the road and see the obstacles, this is achieved by isolating the vehicle body from the vibrations results due to irregularly by use suitable suspension system . In order to obtain accurate results, we study the non - linear disposition of system parts by taking into account the most prominent source of non-linearity represented by large angle of swing and non-linearity of spring and damper behavior, appropriate model was chosen by taking non-linear half truck vehicle model with four degree of freedom and by considering rigid vehicle body using two types of excitation half sin wave and trapezoidal obstacles as an expression of road irregularly. A Fortran computer program for simulation the results represented by displacement, velocity and acceleration in the center of gravity of vehicle body (C.G) , then comparison with recently published research was doing and it shown an acceptable compliance degree, to find out the improvement extent when taking into account the system non - linearity we compare with linear halve truck vehicle model and found that the adopting of non – linearity leads to improve the results, then an investigation to the driver comfort subject been carried out to know what we have achieved in this field by choose Ride Comfort Level (RCL) as comfortable criteria then the results have been used to determine the maximum speed that keeps the vehicle within comfort limit using three types of obstacles . It was found that the adopting of non-linearity in the accounts gives more speed range. Thus it can be say that we have achieved the goal of this research.
Experimental Study on Bond Behavior between Rusty Steel Reinforcement and Concrete
Authors: Khalaf Majed A. , Majeed Fareed H.
Published: August 2018

The effect of rust of the reinforcement bars on the bond and slip behavior between the rebars and the surrounding concrete is still under research judgement. This paper, investigated the effect of ranges of rebar rusting (0, 30-50% and 70-90%) of the limits of losing in mass that specified in the ASTM standard (6% of bar nominal mass) combined with other main parameters that affect the bond and slip behavior. A number of 72 pullout prepared specimens were tested. The studied parameters were using normal and high strength concrete (31 MPa and 76 MPa), different bars diameters (12, 16 and 25 mm), the change of embedment length (150 and 300 mm) and the using of bond epoxy coating for embedded length of reinforcing bars. The results showed that the rust within certain amount of permissible losing of mass (about 50%) led to increase the bond strength and decrease the slip between reinforcement bars and concrete. However, increasing rusting above 50% but within the permissible losing in mass would slightly decrease the bond strength and increase the slip comparing with zero rusting case for all tested bar sizes with and without using the bond improvement factors. The main recommendation of the study is to use the same criterion of acceptance of losing in mass specified by ASTM as the acceptance criterion of the amount of rust in the reinforcement barsand using one of the studied improvement factors when the rust amount exceed 50% of the permissible limit of losing in mass.
Physical Properties of Gypseous Soil after Gypsum Removal using EDTA Solution
Authors: Muhauwiss Farouk Majeed
Published: August 2018

The main structural problem in construction on gypseous soils is due to the melting of the gypsum when exposed to water. This may be creating voids in the soil leading to rearrangement of the soil structure and moving the soil particles to more stable positions. This can cause excessive settlement which directly affects superstructures. This study, investigates the influence of gypsum removing on granular soil classification. Four gypsum soil specimens were taken from Al-Qadisiyah district in Tikrit at different depths from the natural ground surface. The depths adopted were 0.75, 1.10, 2.00 and 3.30 m. The corresponding gypsum content was 42.23%, 32.50%, 8.75% and 19.82%, respectively. The EDTA solution was used to disassemble and remove the gypsum particles by washing using distilled water. The results showed that EDTA solution and washing with distilled water was an effective method to remove gypsum from granular soils. Gypsum ratio was reduced to less than 2% in all tested specimens. The percentage of organic matter was not affected, and the specific gravity of the specimens increased between 2% and 12%. The gypsum removal process affected the granular distribution curves of the soil specimens and led to a decrease in the rate of soil grain diameters. In general, classification process of the soil before and after the washing of gypsum from the soil was not affected.
SAKARIFIKASI LUMPUR PRIMER INDUSTRI KERTAS SECARA FED BATCH MENJADI GLUKOSA UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL (FED BATCH SACCHARIFICATION OF PRIMARY PAPER MILL SLUDGE TO PRODUCE FERMENTABLE SUGAR)
Authors: Aini Mukharomah Nur , S. Soetopo Rina , Septiningrum Krisna , Saepulloh Saepulloh , Asthary Prima Besty
Published: August 2018

Research of fed batch saccharification using paper mill primary sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) has been conducted. The research was conducted in several stages i.e. sludge characterization, determining optimum dosage of cellulase and glucosidase through batch saccharification, and continued with fed batch saccharification. The characterization was performed on 3 primary sludge type from 3 paper mill, which are print paper mill with virgin pulp raw material, paper tissue mill with virgin pulp raw material and core board mill with waste paper raw material. The characterization results showed that the sludge derived from the tissue paper mill with virgin pulp raw material has the highest content of cellulose which is 47.06%, this sludge was used as further research material. The initial trial of batch saccharification at 6% w/w and temperature of 60oC gave optimum dosage of cellulase 9 FPU/g cellulose and β-glucosidase 80 IU/g cellulose with reducing sugar 20.01 g/L and a saccharification efficiency of 63.84%. Fed batch saccharification was performed on tissue paper mill sludge at cellulase and glucosidase enzyme doses respectively 9 FPU/g cellulose and 80 IU/g, temperature 60°C and initial pH of 4 with two variables, which are cumulative solid content (10%, 14%, and 18% w/v) and feed enzyme system (at the beginning and in step). The best results were obtained at fed batch sakarifikasi with gradual enzyme feeding at 14% solids content resulting in reducing sugar 43.899 g/L and efficiency 60.03%.
HUBUNGAN SPECIFIC GRAVITY KAYUDAUN TERHADAP SERAT DAN KUALITAS PULP (THE RELATIONSHIP OF HARDWOOD SPECIFIC GRAVITY TO FIBER AND PULP QUALITY)
Authors: Haroen Wawan Kartiwa
Published: August 2018

The demand for hardwood pulp increased due to the limited hardwood in several countries and its advantage as raw material for paper or paper boards. The hardwood has a specific grafity ranging from low to high that causes the quality of pulp produced not uniform. The observation of specific gravity, fiber morphology, and chemical content of hardwood; and the quality of hardwood pulp have been done. FAO data were used to evaluate the fiber length, fiber wall, lignin, extractives, Kappa Number, and the quality of sulphate pulp. The sulfidity, active alkali, solid to liquor ratio, temperature, and cooking time of pulping process were 25%, 17%, 1 :4, 170°C, and 3.5 hours, respectively. The specific gravity of hardwood in the range of 0.30 to 0.99 was grouped into seven classes and analyzed by statistical regression. The specific gravity of the hardwood was associated withfiber morphology, chemical content, pulping, and pulp quality. The results showed that tha specific gravity of wood affects certain parameters with regression equation model that can be used for the selection ofwood raw materials for sulphate pulping. There is a tendency that the specific gravity can influence the hardwood fiber wall thickness, lignin content, pulp yield, Kappa Number, and the physical properties of pulp for tear and tensile srength. ABSTRAKPermintaan terhadap pulp kayudaun terjadi peningkatan akibat terbatasnya kayudaun di beberapa negara dan keunggulannya sebagai bahan baku kertas atau karton. Kayudaun memiliki specific gravity rendah sampai tinggi, menyebabkan kualitas pulp yang dihasilkan tidak seragam. Pengamatan specific gravity, morfologi serat,dan kandungan kimia kayudaun, serta kualitas pulp telah dilakukan. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan data FAO terhadap panjang serat, dinding serat, kadar lignin, ekstraktif, bilangan Kappa, dan kualitas pulp sulfat.Kondisi pemasakan sulfiditas 25%, alkali aktif 17% , ratio 1:4, suhu 170 o C, dan waktu 3,5 jam. Specific gravity kayudaun 0,30-0,99 dikelompokkan kedalam tujuh kelas dan dianalisis dengan statistik regresi. Specific gravity kayu sebagai data tetap dihubungkan dengan morfologi serat, kimia kayu, pulping, dan kualitas pulp. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa specific gravity mempengaruhi parameter tertentu dengan model persamaan regresi yang dapat digunakan untuk seleksi bahan baku hardwood untuk pembuatan pulp sulfat. Terdapat kecenderungan bahwa specific gravity kayudaun dapat mempengaruhi ketebalan dinding serat, kadar lignin, rendemen pulp, bilangan Kappa, sifat fisik pulp untuk sobek, dan tarik.
ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ субъектов в регионе
Authors: Зубайдуллина Динара Винеровна
Published: August 2018

Целью исследования является разработка методических и практических рекомендаций по управлению региональным развитием за счет формирования эффективного взаимодействия субъектов. В основе данного исследования лежат методы системного, сравнительного и графоаналитического анализов. Область применения результатов заключается в теоретическом обосновании стратегических задач управления региональными экономическими системами. Данная статья посвящена выделению основных направлений развития взаимодействия субъектов на региональном уровне. Выделены главные субъекты взаимодействия на региональном уровне (государственные структуры, бизнес и население), к основным целям совместной деятельности которых относятся оптимизация государственных расходов, повышение конкурентоспособности региона, экономический рост и повышение качества жизни. Раскрыты основные инструменты взаимодействия субъектов в регионе, такие, как кредитно-финансовое взаимодействия при разработке и реализации финансовых программ, конкурсные методы взаимодействия, аутсорсинг, государственно-частное партнерство, особые экономические зоны, технопарки, а также инициативное бюджетирование. Предложены основные факторы управления развитием региона за счет формирования взаимодействия субъектов: институциональные (уровень сформированности институтов по развитию отношений субъектов региональной экономики), компетентностные (наличие компетенций и опыта осуществления совместных проектов у сотрудников организаций публичного и частного сектора), социальные (развитие социального партнерства, а также привлечение населения к решению социально-значимых проблем). В рамках институционального направления предлагается создание проектного офиса на региональном уровне по сопровождению наиболее значимых совместных проектов государственного и частного сектора. В целях развития взаимодействия субъектов в регионе в рамках компетентностного фактора предложено повышение уровня квалификации субъектов взаимодействия в сфере привлечения инвестиций и введение особых экономических показателей, оценивающих эффективность работы госслужащих по данному критерию. По социальному направлению развития взаимодействия субъектов в регионе предлагается привлечение населения в финансировании и определении наиболее актуальных проектов, способствующих развитию общественной инфраструктуры своей территории.
СЕЛЬСКИЙ ТУРИЗМ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ: ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЛАСТИ И НАСЕЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Илясова Елена Валерьевна , Зайцева Елизавета Алексеевна
Published: August 2018

Цель работы. Статья посвящена проблемам взаимодействия власти и населения в вопросах развития туризма в сельских территориях. Целью статьи является разработка практических рекомендаций по развитию сельского туризма в Краснодарском крае путем укрепления взаимодействия местного населения и власти. Методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются наблюдения авторов за реальным состоянием развития сельского туризма в Краснодарском крае, подкрепленные аналитическими обобщениями доступной информации. Результаты работы. В исследовании представлена система взаимодействия региональных и местных властей с сельским населением. Выработанная система взаимоотношений между органами государственной власти, органами местного самоуправления и местным сообществом является универсальной и адаптируема для использования во всех регионах и муниципальных образованиях России. Область применения результатов. Результаты работы могут быть использованы органами государственной власти Краснодарского края и другими субъектами Российской Федерации, а также органами местного самоуправления, что позволит им разработать пошаговую концепцию развития сельского туризма на своей территории. Полученные авторами результаты позволят региональным властям сформировать и реализовать сбалансированную политику в сфере управления, регулирования, координации и поддержки туристской деятельности и тем самым ускорить экономическое развитие региона. Выводы. Результаты исследования и научной работы авторов статьи могут быть использованы на практике, в т. ч. некоторые положения могут найти отражение в нормативно-правовой документации по развитию сельских территорий Краснодарского края.
THE CHALLENGES OF TEACHING PRACTICE OF UNDERGRADUATE MATHEMATICS STUDENTS
Authors: YILDIRIM Hülya
Published: August 2018

Pedagogical formation education certificate program is a training program that enables the 4th grade students of the mathematics department of the science and literature faculty to qualify for the teaching certificate required to become a teacher. The students of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University mathematics department participates in the course that the education faculty have prepared. In this program, for the practice teaching course, the students spend 2 hours of theory at the faculty and 6 hours of practice in a high school in Niğde city center. The lecturer observes that the students who are carrying out the theoretical part of the course are deficient in the use of tools and materials, are inadequate in preparing the lesson plan, lack of mastery of the subject and lack of skills in using the board: teachers in the application notes that teacher candidates have difficulties in communication with high school students. The purpose of this study is to explain what the formation students think about difficulties encountered by them in in the practice school. It is believed that this study will help students to develop their skills on weekly basis in an activity file that will be prepared in the form of lectures, lesson planning, classroom dominance, appropriate use of equipment.,
GENERALIZED REVERSE DERIVATIONS ON CLOSED LIE IDEALS
Authors: ATAY Özge , AYDIN Neşet , ALBAYRAK Barış
Published: August 2018

In this study, we investigate commutavity of prime ring R with generalized reverse derivations F and G. Also, we proved that if L is square closed Lieideal, then L is contained in center Z (R) under given conditions in theorems.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STOMACH MUCOSA OF RATS FED WITH CARPET SHELL CLAM (Ruditapes decussatus)
Authors: MURATLI Aslı , GEZEN Mehmet Rıza
Published: August 2018

Free radicals are produced in cells by cellular metabolism and exogenous agents. These specie reacts with biomolecules in cells, including DNA, proteins, lipids and carbonhydrates. The resulting oxidative damage to DNA, is implicated in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and aging. Heavy metals, industrial and household wastes and pesticides are threats for the aquatic ecosystem. Polluted water sources are streaming into the seas and cause pollution in these systems. Dardanelles is exposed to pollution from the Marmara and Black Sea. Our previous studies demonstrated that the water and mollusc from certain regions of the Dardanelles contained heavy metal salts. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate DNA damage and the histopathologic changes in the gastric tissues of rats which are fed with carpet shell clam that are collected from the Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale, Turkey). Four groups of rats are included in the study, group 1 (n=6), control group fed with standard rat food, group 2 (n=6), 75%  carpet shell clam and 25% standard rat food daily, group 3 (n=6), 75% carpet shell clam and 25% standard rat food every two days, group 4 (n=6), 75%  carpet shell clam and 25% standard rat food every three days. After the routine histopathologic processing all gastric tissue samples are evaluated in terms of 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunoreactivity with light microscopy and image analysis software. No histopathologic differences found in standard hematoxylin-eosin stained gastric tissue samples of the control group. Mucosal specimens of the second, third and fourth groups showed mild mononuclear inflammation in favor of chronic gastritis. In immunohistochemical staining, 8-OHdG immunoreactivity in gastric epithelial cells.  8-OHdG immunoreactivity was negative in stomach tissues in all groups.  There was no statistically significant difference between the groups that were fed every day, every other day and every three days with clam (p>0.05). The results of our studies showed that rats fed more with carpet shell clam could produce gastritis in the stomach.
DIRECT ELECTION OF THE HEAD OF THE REGIONAL
Authors: Rahman Abd
Published: August 2018

A variety of problem and the political turmoil in some regions election last time appears in the event of a State feedback control centre to the area. In the new order era regional chief election controversy cannot be released from the intervention Center. Usually the battle's political elite in Jakarta imposes to the area. When the issue blew up in the area, peyelesaian is the effort, he brought the case to Jakarta. in accordance with the implementation, the Hall of the Central Government has a dominant power in the determination of the head region. legislative involvement only in the process of being formalistic. It is seen clearly in article 15 and 16 regarding the appointment of the head region, where only the legislative vote and the results presented at least two names for approval and/or designation from President to Governor, and Minister of the Interior for Regent and Mayor. The aegis of the Centre to all and sundry, who has strong access to the Centre, he will be the winner, either for political affairs, economy, law even though. The most votes are not a legislative guarantee of choice became the head of the area. The Center has the absolute power to determine the opposite although sound support. Conflicts often occur, regional centre but ended with the defeat of the area
THE AGREEMENT FOR THE RESULTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE OF GORONTALO
Authors: Jasin Johan
Published: August 2018

The agreement for the results of the agricultural land in Indonesia, it is a custom, not affected by globalization that prioritizes a written document. This custom interesting to be listened to with a focus on description form, contents and implementation.

The study of this nature is a socio legal research using an approach of philosophical sociology and law, who viewed the practice of overriding high society, while the primary data source is the custom figures as informants and the secondary data source is legislation, literature and research results. The data collected is analyzed using qualitative techniques.

The results showed that: the agreements for agricultural land results in Gorontalo, between landowners and tenants are conducted orally, in which the rights and obligations of each party, the risks, the length of time, and forms the Division results depend on both sides negotiating with upholding the values of trust, honesty, sense of community and tradition. As for how the Division according to the custom are: (a) the seasonal crops such as maize, the landowner has a third section while the tenants enjoy the accounting section; (b) the perennials such as bananas, the respective parties (owners and tenants) got equal parts namely ½ part; (c) the annual plants such as coconut, accounting (2/3) is part of the rights of landowners, while tenants obtain one third (1/3), parts.
THE OPAQUE PORTRAIT OF CORRUPTION ERADICATION
Authors: Mas Marwan
Published: August 2018

The war against corruption should not only by exposing the various cases of corruption, but the most important thing is to punish the corrupt in an extraordinary way to have a deterrent effect and not replicable by potential criminals that have been queued. Corruption is more structured and systematic, from the center to the regions. In fact, gave birth to a new generation of fat accounts with the discovery of a number of civil servants who are still young. Stop the robbery of money the state cannot just with rhetoric, let alone just a call that seemed hot chicken droppings. Blurred portrait of corruption is characterized by a large number of cases the defendant is acquitted of corruption Anticorruption Court. Similarly, many major cases involving alleged power elite and the ruling political party that is not completed, such as the Bank Century case, the case Hambalang project, as well as allegations of corruption Pensions SEA Games athletes
KEEPING THE NATION'S ASSETS THROUGH THE LEGAL PROTECTION OF COPYRIGHT WORKS OF CULTURE
Authors: Makkawaru Zulkifli
Published: August 2018

Indonesia positioned copyright art and culture based on its strength as a nation or community rights over an Alliance grouping of the society which can give the effect of distortions in its protection. Which institution can be megurus and oversee the interests between countriesCultivate ideas/ideas in the fields of art, literature and science in the context of intellectual property rights (HKI) categorized into areas of HKI named Copyright (Copyright). The scope of the rights provided for the protection of copyright in the context of this very broad following elements known in several countries. There is a different understanding about the copyright status of culture from both the substance of the right nor of the appreciation of the case which threatens foreign claims copyright over the culture of Indonesia
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF REGIONAL EXPANSION IN NORTH MAMUJU REGENCY OF WEST SULAWESI
Authors: Maldun Syamsuddin
Published: August 2018

this study aims to: (1) Analyze and explain the stages of the implementation of the policy of regional expansion, and (2) analyze and explain the factors that support the implementation of the policy of regional expansion, in order to support national integration in North Mamuju Regency of West Sulawesi Province.

This research is a kind of exploratory research using qualitative analysis approach. Data collection carried through; observation, interviews, and documents. Informant research include; Assistant I, II, III, Assistant to the Preparatory Committee the establishment of district (PPPK), head of the Central Bureau of statistics, the head of the Agency for the unity of the nation, the head of the Office library, Archives, and documents, the head of the Department of organization and Personnel, the head of the General section of the Secretariat of the Parliament, members of Religious Communication Forum (FKUB), the leadership of Dharma Wanita, professors, students, and community leaders. While the data analysis done in a descriptive qualitative. Technique of data analysis is interactive analysis: Data collection, (2) Data reduction, (3) Data Display, and (4) the Conclusion/verification. This is intended to give description in a systematic, factual and actual against objects that are examined. Research results show that; (1) the policy implementation stages of the extraction region North Mamuju Regency has been implemented in accordance with the legislation governing the extraction of such areas; the establishment of local governance devices, preparation of the vision and mission, the preparation of regional development strategies, and preparation of the regional development programs, and the factors that support the implementation of regional expansion policy is the existence of natural resources, capital investment (investment), infrastructure, transport and communications, openness toward outsiders, and support public (community)
THE PENALTY FOR THE CORRUPTOR IN THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSFEKTIF
Authors: Haling Syamsul
Published: August 2018

Sociological perfective in the many offer social sanctions can be applied in corrupt behavior result. The idea of social sanctions was proposed as a reaction against the growing number of corrupt behavior difficult resolved only through national and international legal instruments. It is time the exact type of sanctions was found to tackle corrupt behavior that are already classified as extraordinary crimes. Some ideas proposed as social sanctions to eradicate corrupt behavior i.e. criminal sanctions established on the basis of social stratification,  hint herself and family corruptor, no corpse prayer corruptor before is no guarantee of the financial returns of the State by the family of the perpetrator, serving in the corruptor's face television and penalties for disseminating the corruptor after death and as sanctions ultimatum remedied every corruptor will be charged all his deeds before God after death.
Murabahah accounting in BNI Syariah Makassar
Authors: Manne Firman , Idris Muh. , Erni Erni
Published: August 2018

This research aims to know and analysis implementation of murabahah accounting especially of manifestation murabaha accounting in BNI Syariah. Design methodology used comparative analysis between accounting theory and practice in Syariah banking.The result showed that the implementation of murabahah accounting on BNI Syariah Makassar has been suitable with PSAK 102 especially for recognition, measurement, recording, and disclosure, except for accounting treatment when event of arrears and receipts of arrears installments. BNI Syariah Makassar didn’t give any accounting treatment. Whereas in PSAK 102 is stipulated that when there is arrears and receipts of arrear installments, the margin is recognized proportional to the cash received
Supervision of local government to village regulation in regional autonomy are reviewed theory
Authors: Astomo Putra
Published: August 2018

The Law Number 6 of 2014 years and PP Number 43 of 2014 years are law product which to rule supervision of local government to village regulation in regional autonomy are reviewed. PP Number 43 of 2014 years reads that the technical guidelines on the rules in the village are set by regulation, so which mandates the need for regulation as a regulatory technical guidelines in the village, it also formed Minister Regulation Number 111 of 2014 years about Technical Guidelines Rules In the Village. The method that is used the approach of law (statute approach). This method is done by examining all the legislation and regulations relevant to the legal issues being addressed. The result of this research are supervision is done in two forms, including evaluation and clarification. It was concluded supervision of local government to village regulation in regional autonomy are reviewed as stipulated in Minister Regulation Number 111 of 2014 years are done in two forms, including evaluation and clarification.
The application of the principles of the convention on women in awig-awig pakraman village
Authors: Sukerti Ni Nyoman
Published: August 2018

This research aims to study the task of the village in Bali related pakraman by the ratification of the women's Convention into law Number 7 in 1984 about the passage of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women. The community's customary law in Pakraman Village Bali is called based on the applicable local Bali province number: 3 years Pakraman Village of 2003. One of the tasks of the village Pakraman is making the rule of law (awig-awig). The enactment of related laws, the legal issues that arise: what are the principles of the Convention established the woman had already formulated in the awig – awig village pakraman? The legal issues observe by using the normative legal method by relying on legal materials and material non-law. Also, problems also assessed by the theory of legal pluralism of Sally Falk Moore, i.e., Semi-autonomous social field theory.Based on search results and study materials of the law, in this case, some awig-awig Pakraman village, results or findings indicate that women's Convention established the principles namely equality and justice between men and women has not yet been applied awig-awig in the pakraman village. So, based on the theory of legal pluralism is examined from Sally Falk Moore, where local laws (awig-awig) turned out to be stronger regarding State law are dealt face. The things which can know from the provisions of article (pawos) from some awig-awig who examined it turns out women's Convention principles, namely equality and justice between men and women has not yet applied in the awig – awig pakraman village. That means that the discriminative customary law was still so strong so the benchmark in the Association life pakraman. So, in conclusion, the principles of the Convention on women has not been applied in the awig – awig pakraman village, so that still reflect discriminatory against women.This research needs to be continued with empirical legal research to find out why the principles of the Convention on women has not applied to the awig – awig pakraman village