bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The learning motives of business students and postponement
Authors: Küttim Merle , Niine Tarvo , Hartšenko Jelena , Kornijenko Anna , Loorits Juhan
Published: June 2023

This paper examines the motives of students’ program choice and specialization choice on the example of business students in TalTech, Estonia. The program applies postponement strategy – students choose between five specialization branches of more vocational nature during their second year of studies. This study aims to distinguish extrinsic and intrinsic motivation factors of students who have weighed their specialization options for longer from students who have decided on their specialization in an earlier phase. The overall quantitative findings suggest that the intrinsic learning motivation is not significantly different between the two groups of students. However, it appears that the students with predetermined decision are more specialization-oriented, whereas the postponement strategy suits more for a generalist and entrepreneurial profile. This strongly suggests that when a business programme aims to prioritize cross-functional skills and advancing the entrepreneurial spirit, the postponement strategy is recommended as a tool to boost student intrinsic motivation.
Introducing a collaborative learning strategy in a hybrid and traditional laboratory for undergraduate computer science students
Authors: O'Neill Sam Ivan , Mooney Aidan
Published: June 2023

Collaborative learning is an advantageous pedagogical strategy to include in e-learning. In this study we aim to demonstrate a methodology created to implement this strategy in an undergraduate student population. We will present our findings from running this experiment in two scenarios, namely an in-person environment and a simulated remote environment. We analyse the impact this methodology has on students understanding of the topic along with how their assessment compares to their peers in a previous year. We also analyse the different perception of personal and collaborative work in both scenarios. We conclude that this methodology is effective in increasing a student's understanding of the work being assessed and contributes to an increase in students' assessment grades.
Setting Learners up for Success: A Universal Design for Learning Approach to Industry Placement Assessment
Authors: Dunne Kate , Corbett James
Published: June 2023

The diversity of learners has never been more pronounced with the accessibility to learning through remote means. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) endevours to address some of the challenges posed by their diverse needs. This research aims to explore the perceptions of learners and their academic supervisor on the use of UDL principles as part of the assessment strategy of an Industry Placement module undertaken in a higher education institution. The learner participants were offered assessment feedback in a number of different formats by the supervisor participant; namely typed and video. The results of the research indicate a very positive response from both stakeholders. Multiple means of representation and action/expression were found to help break down barriers for diverse learners and to set them up for success. Scaffolding and content creation methods that are comparable in terms of workload need to be provided to increase adoption by both stakeholders.
About change: How institutionally aligning online pedagogy, design and technology impacts higher education teachers
Authors: Charbonneau-Gowdy Paula , Galdames Caro
Published: June 2023

Emerging empirical evidence in e-learning research is revealing the advantages of aligning learner-centred pedagogical practice with social learning-based instructional designs and appropriate interactive technologies to bring about systemic changes to learning online. This inquiry forms part of a larger qualitative action research study. Our aim was to to determine the impact of such a cross institutional change initiative on a group of instructors, teaching in multi-disciplinarian fields in a higher education technical institute in Chile. Findings from questionnaires, field notes and in-depth faculty interviews revealed that evolvement towards teachers’ roles as mediators and identities as empowered faciltators and community builders occurring over the initial years of the initiative were accompanied by encouraging signs of the development of 21st century skills and identities on the part of students. In our post pandemic era, as online learning becomes more the norm, understanding such effective pathways to excellence in digital spaces is paramount.
Postgraduate degree program in Social Business as a new knowledge tool in entrepreneurship and social impact
Authors: Salinas Solis Karina Isabel , Ramírez Angulo Natanael , Osorio Novela German
Published: June 2023

Inside the new theories and learning models, we can identify social business as a valuable tool to develop entrepreneurial skills focused on solving social problems effectively and profitably, and also create innovative solutions that generate a positive impact on community. A social business arises with the purpose of solving a social problem using the market system; It is created on a non-profit basis. Even so, the business model is sustainable, guaranteeing its operability. Social businesses combine social and economic objectives, seeking to generate a positive impact on society and the environment. They emerge as an alternative to the traditional way of doing business. The following paper aims to explore the concept of social business, its importance and how a postgraduate degree in social business can be useful for those entrepreneurs looking to develop skills and knowledge within this innovative area.
Nurturing the human connection: Increasing student engagement and personal connection in an asynchronous language course
Authors: Despain Scott , Despain Jennifer A
Published: June 2023

Based on course evaluations, student needs and expectations regarding asynchronous courses have changed during and after the COVID pandemic. With the goal of meeting, understanding and responding to the needs of the post-COVID student, intentional modifications were made to an online, asynchronous course to ensure attention to the student as a whole. While respecting the need for asynchronous offerings, designing increased opportunities for human face-to-face interaction in the form of guided personal and language goal setting sessions, orientation sessions, chapter check-ins and exam preparation sessions were all implemented. Initial feedback results show a positive shift and satisfaction in learning, resilience and growth not only for students, but also for instructors.
When a test-taking strategy is better? An approach from the paradigm of scheduling under explorable uncertainty
Authors: Mauricio Cristóbal Alfredo , Davila-Gálvez Sebastian , Vasquez Óscar Carlos
Published: June 2023

In this article, we adopt the paradigm of scheduling under explorable uncertainty to explore test-taking strategies to solve standardized tests in terms of maximizing the correct questions answered. From this approach, a test taker considers a number of questions and has the possibility to read in order to obtain the difficulty of the question. Later, he/she has the option, for example, to answer the question or to skip the one that seemed difficult and read the next question in the test. Specifically, we state the problem definition by considering two test-taking strategies, formulate and implement a mathematical model, and generate computational experiments in order to determine the dominance of one strategy over another. The results show that the dominance depends directly on the design of the test and the maximum time to perform it, so knowing these parameters allow us to provide algorithmic insights to address this problem.
Interdisciplinary Week in Game Design: A Learning Experience
Authors: Barbedo Inês , Barroso Bárbara
Published: June 2023

Interdisciplinarity promotes competencies like asking meaningful questions about a complex problem, examine, and synthesize multiple sources of information, methods, and perspectives, in order to integrate knowledge and ways of thinking across two or more established disciplines to produce cognitive advancement. The Interdisciplinary Week of Game Design challenges the students to demonstrate an interdisciplinary understanding of a complex problem that students define, organized by teams, having as its starting point a given theme. Teamwork between members of different academic years favors the sharing of knowledge among peers with different aptitudes, technical skills, and degrees of competence.
The impact of digital platforms enhancement on global virtual teams’ engagement across selected business schools
Authors: Velinov Emil , Bleicher Juergen , Montenero Vincent
Published: June 2023

This research explores the effect of the utilization and improvement of digital platforms in teaching and learning, through a global virtual project that involves business schools from five nations. The study concentrates on how technology used in the education process at various business schools has impacted the engagement of undergraduate and graduate students in the post-COVID period. Additionally, the paper examines how global virtual student teams have boosted their motivation in their academic pursuits. The study is based on a blended learning international collaboration project involving 114 students participating in global virtual collaboration through various digital platforms in International Management and International Business classes. The results demonstrate that through computer-supported collaborative learning, students from all participating business schools were highly committed and motivated in carrying out their assignments. The paper demonstrates that the integration and use of digital platforms in both face-to-face and online classes in International Business and International Management within this virtual collaboration has offered students new knowledge and sustained their motivation throughout the project.
“Map ourselves through Digital Storytelling”: Pedagogical tool in the development of self-knowledge skills on Advanced practice psychiatric-mental health nursing
Authors: Laranjeira Carlos , Gomes João , Carvalho Paula , Querido Ana
Published: June 2023

By creating digital stories people are encouraged to reminisce about events with an impact on their life and personal and professional development. This paper aims to determine nurses’ perspectives regarding a pedagogical tool – Digital StoryTelling (DST). Our qualitative study design used video focus groups involving 20 master students in mental health nursing during the academic year 2020/2021. Students highlighted the creative content of digital stories and their potential to develop self-awareness, socio-emotional regulation and interpersonal relationships. With regard to the barriers, the scarce digital literacy and the difficulty in putting emotion in the content of the stories stand out. Thus, a more individualized follow-up will be necessary, to help students. Further research may benefit from exploring how the needs of more diverse groups of users could be met through the DST tool.
Robust estimation method for the economic subsidies to educational institutions in Chile
Authors: Ugalde Valentina , Dávila-Gálvez Sebastián , Vásquez Óscar
Published: June 2023

In Chile, the Ministry of Education of Chile (MINEDUC) provides resources to the various educational institutions in the country based on a budget estimation model, where the "attendance of students" is the main component to be considered by annual economic subsidies. In the process, this estimation must be computed in the middle of the year, and therefore, the reduction of the impact of error in the estimation face to uncertainty is a desirable goal. In this work, we propose an easy-to-implemented robust estimation method, which is based on the formulation, implementation, and integration of a set of mathematical models that target the minimization of the maximum estimation error. The obtained results show that the proposal obtains a better estimation than the current MINEDUC estimation model, providing an efficient alternative of robust estimation method for the decision makers in the process, exposing insights to be considered in the future.
Máquinas hidráulicas
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, López Patiño Gonzalo , Martínez Solano Francisco Javier ,   Universitat Politècnica de València
Published: June 2023

La presente publicación es una recopilación de los apuntes de clase explicados en las diferentes asignaturas recogidas bajo la denominación de Máquinas Hidráulicas en las diferentes titulaciones que se imparten en la E.T.S. de Ingenieros Industriales de Valencia. El contenido del presente libro se ajusta al temario correspondiente a los Fundamentos de Máquinas Hidráulicas. Dicho contenido se complementaría con los correspondientes a asignaturas más avanzadas, como es el caso de Ampliación de Máquinas Hidráulicas, Turbinas Hidráulicas, Energía Eólica y Centrales Hidroeléctricas, impartidas también en esta Escuela.
Effect of oxygen injection sites on fraction of delivered oxygen (FDO2) during noninvasive ventilation – An experimental lung model study
Authors: Devasia, Lincy , Mahto Heera Lal
Published: June 2023

Introduction: The two-level noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) is the most commonly used mode of ventilation in the treatment of early respiratory failure. During NPPV, the inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) could be influenced by various factors such as the inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP), the expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), the O2 flow rate and the site where O2 is added to the circuit. Aim: To investigate the effect of IPAP, EPAP, O2 flow rate, leak and the O2 injection sites on the fraction of delivered oxygen (FDO2). Methodology: A lung model was constructed to simulate noninvasive ventilation with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) without leak and with 10% leak, the oxygen analyser was placed proximal to the ventilator to measure FDO2 when oxygen was injected at three different sites. The portable BIPAP device was set to spontaneous/timed mode. Inspiratory and expiratory pressures of the BIPAP device were set at 10/5, 15/5, 15/10 and 20/10 cm H2O. Results: This study revealed that there is a variation in the FDO2 with a change in the position of connection of oxygen tubing, leak in the system and the oxygen flow rate. Conclusion: During NPPV, the FDO2 varies significantly with O2 flow rate and presence of leak. Higher O2 flow rates and lower amounts of leak provide a higher FDO2. Higher FDO2 is achieved if the oxygen tubing is connected proximal to the patient whereas the effect of ventilator settings on FDO2 is not significant.
Clinical outcome of high frequency ventilation in neonates in neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Eldo Elna , Skariah Tisha Ann
Published: June 2023

Background: Pulmonary disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Some of them may require mechanical ventilation with high mean airway pressures to maintain adequate gas exchange. More unconventional modalities such as inverse ratio ventilation, high frequency ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be needed. Objective: To study the clinical outcome of neonates managed with HFV for past 5 years in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: A retrospective study conducted at NICU from January 2007 to June 2013. All neonates who were managed with HFV were included in the study. Result: There were 39 neonates who were ventilated with HFV during that period. The survival rate was 20.5% (8 out of 39 subjects). 18 developed pulmonary hypertension, 5 of whom survived. Six (15.4%) presented with primary pulmonary hypertension (PHN) and 12 (30.8%) developed secondary PHN. In the survived group, 12.5% developed chronic lung disease and periventricular leukomalacia and in the expired group, 25.8% developed pulmonary haemorrhage. Conclusions: When HFV is instituted in infants who fail to show improvement with conventional ventilation, statistically significant improvement in arterial oxygen tension may occur without any change in oxygenation index. A longer period of conventional ventilation prior to HFV could be one of the factors that could interfere with the successful management with HFV.
Patient-ventilator interaction: Unusual ventilator graphics and management using Positive End Expiratory Pressure – A case report
Authors: Babu Akhila
Published: June 2023

Approximately 25% of patients receiving mechanical ventilation have significant patient ventilator asynchrony which is associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Here we report an unusual presentation of ventilator graphics “saw tooth” appearance in both pressure-time and flow-time graphs. An increase in the applied PEEP level resolved the saw tooth pattern in the graphics. The possible explanation for the graphics displayed is heart-lung interaction which is cardiogenic oscillation. If this is true, then this pattern can be used as a clinical tool to apply lung inflation manoeuvres.
Desenvolvimento de competências para gestão acadêmica em estudantes de doutorado
Authors: Sousa Rayane Camila da Silva , Campos-Rasera Paula Pontes de , Azevedo Sayuri Unoki de , Colauto Romualdo Douglas
Published: June 2023

O estudo analisou a percepção dos alunos de doutorado sobre o desenvolvimento de competências para gestão acadêmica durante o curso de pós-graduação stricto sensu. O referencial teórico discute as competências do professor-gestor e na verificação empírica compuseram a amostra, 325 estudantes de doutorados acadêmico e profissional. Estatísticas descritivas e testes não paramétricos indicaram que as competências cognitivas foram desenvolvidas em menor nível na percepção dos respondentes. Testes de diferenças entre os grupos revelaram que os estudantes acima de 51 anos percebem em níveis maiores o desenvolvimento das competências cognitivas, ética e política, mulheres percebem mais o desenvolvimento de competências comportamentais e políticas e, doutorandos na área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas percebem mais o desenvolvimento de competências políticas quando comparados a respondentes de outras áreas. Investigar a função do professor-gestor proporciona conhecimento sobre adversidades e desafios que ele se expõe durante sua gestão e contribui para a elaboração estratégica de políticas organizacionais.
Avaliação de desempenho de IFES antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise a partir dos indicadores do TCU
Authors: Monteiro Silvia Alves , Riccio Taisa Falchetti dos Santos , Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de
Published: June 2023

O presente estudo se propõe a analisar o comportamento dos indicadores de desempenho para IFES do TCU, nos anos de 2018 e 2019, ou período que antecede o ensino remoto emergencial (ERE) devido à COVID-19, e, nos anos de 2020 e 2021, período em que durou o ensino remoto emergencial, diagnosticando o desempenho dos indicadores classificados como de eficiência, eficácia e efetividade das 7 IFES que compõem a amostra com base nos indicadores do TCU. Os dados dos indicadores foram extraídos dos relatórios de gestão das IFES da PB, PE e RN. A pesquisa se classifica em descritiva, bibliográfica e documental com uma abordagem quantitativa através da aplicação de métodos estatísticos. Constatou-se que ficaram em primeiro lugar em eficiência a UFPE (2018) e a UNIVASP (2019). No ranking de eficácia, a UFPE liderou nos dois anos analisados, ao passo que a UNIVASP ficou em primeiro lugar em efetividade nos 4 períodos analisados. Nos anos de 2020 e 2021, período em que durou o ERE, a UFPE liderou no ranking de eficiência nos dois anos e no de eficácia no ano de 2020. A UFRPE ficou em primeiro lugar em eficácia no ano de 2021.
Reforma ou ‘deforma’ do ensino médio? As políticas públicas educacionais e o discurso subjacente às propagandas do Ministério da Educação do Brasil
Authors: Souza Rodrigo Diego de
Published: June 2023

As ações políticas do governo Temer (PMDB), após o afastamento e impeachment da presidenta Dilma Rousseff (PT), a Medida Provisória 746/2016, e posteriormente a Lei nº 13.415, de 16 de fevereiro de 2017, ao reformular o Art. 36 da Lei nº 9.394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996, incidiu no denominado Novo Ensino Médio, políticas essas que foram radicalizadas, em âmbito capitalista neoliberal associado ao neoconservadorismo, no governo Bolsonaro (PL). Observaram-se nas mídias propagandas sobre o Novo Ensino Médio. Nessa direção, o objetivo deste artigo consistiu em analisar os discursos subjacentes às propagandas do ‘novo’ Ensino Médio produzidas pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil. A análise qualitativa dos discursos veiculados a partir do método do Materialismo Histórico Dialético possibilitou constatar: (1) o uso das propagandas políticas com discursos estratégicos para conquistar o apoio da população para os programas, projetos e ideologias políticas, bem como para legitimar e reforçar as iniciativas do governo por meio do controle político do que é mediado, construindo imagens do real que distorcem a realidade concreta; (2) o uso predominante da retórica e argumentos afetivos; (3) o alinhamento da formação para o Mercado de Trabalho no sentido de formação de Capital Humano e mão de obra barata, exército de reserva de trabalhadores. Este artigo não esgota as discussões sobre o discurso mediado pelas propagandas, mas conclui-se com a emergência de pensar e questionar como o governo Temer (PMDB) têm gestado as Políticas da Educação, especialmente o Ensino Médio, para que a população tenha claros os porquês das propagandas e da reforma, e que Modelo de Sociedade está pautado nestas iniciativas e formas de reprodução social.
A agenda de estado mínimo e o avanço da extrema direita no Brasil: expressões na educação superior
Authors: Mari Cezar Luiz De , Thiengo Lara Carlette , Melo Savana Diniz Gomes
Published: June 2023

Neste artigo objetivou-se discutir o avanço da extrema direita no poder fundamentada pelo ideário conservador, e suas expressões na educação superior brasileira. Em termos metodológicos, focamos nas produções do legislativo, para demonstrar que há continuidade e convergência do aprofundamento das reformas para a educação superior pública conforme a ideologia do Estado mínimo. Esta perspectiva delineia-se desde a década de 1990 sendo acentuada nos governos de Michel Temer (2016-2018) e Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022). A perspectiva da filosofia da práxis gramsciana serviu de base para as análises, compartilhada também por outros estudiosos do campo crítico.
Formação de professores no Brasil: alinhamento das políticas curriculares à BNCC
Authors: Rodrigues Marli de Fátima , Souza Rodrigo Diego de
Published: June 2023

O texto teceu algumas considerações sobre as políticas de formação de professores em face das novas determinações legais, na medida em que o projeto governamental reduz a formação docente a uma dimensão técnico-instrumental. Diante dos desafios decorrentes da necessidade de reformulação curricular e, a partir da análise de documentos políticos tais como as atuais Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Formação de Professores – DCNFP, a Base Nacional Comum de Formação Inicial e da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, pretendeu-se identificar quais os impactos das políticas curriculares, a partir do ano de 2019, governo Bolsonaro, no que diz respeito aos determinantes políticos que sustentam as políticas propostas, uma vez que se coloca como horizonte, no âmbito das agências governamentais, o rebaixamento das exigências e das condições de formação. Ao propor um alinhamento das políticas de formação de professores, a política nacional na direção da solução capitalista neoliberal, aprova a Res. CNE/CP 2/2019 sem ampla discussão, transforma os cursos superiores de formação de professores em cursos de treinamento, cujas matrizes curriculares devem ser referenciadas nas competências a serem desenvolvidas na Educação Básica, explicitadas na Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Este estudo pautou-se metodologicamente no materialismo histórico e dialético partindo da compreensão do trabalho pedagógico e das políticas educativas na totalidade da prática social, a qual expressa as determinações e contradições da organização social capitalista e neoliberal vigente. Com efeito, o panorama que será apresentado contribui sobremaneira para a compreensão da polêmica atual em torno da temática em questão e, permite-nos constatar, que os problemas que envolvem a formação de professores no Brasil, não são novos, destacando-se especialmente o caráter pragmático e utilitarista das propostas de formação. A partir da análise preliminar dos dados, constatou-se um alinhamento das políticas curriculares, o que pode contribuir para o acirramento do processo de desintelectualização e empobrecimento da formação docente.
An evaluation of assessment practices of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) in programmes offering Office Management and Technology OMT) : a case study of three South African Universities
Authors:   , Majiya Pridesworth Nomusa
Published: June 2023

Work Integrated Learning (WIL) focuses on the integration of theoretical and practical learning at the workplace. Its goal is the development of professional proficiency and the ability of students to achieve competency at the workplace. Assessment has been a critical issue in WIL and, despite assessment being central to the integrity of a university, endorsing quality assessment practices has been difficult. The purpose of the study was to evaluate WIL assessment practices at three South African universities offering a Diploma in Office Management and Technology. The study adopted both a quantitative and qualitative approach. The sample comprised of 358 respondents from the universities under study who were engaged in WIL, twenty-five industry mentors/supervisors and three WIL Coordinators. The findings of the study revealed that WIL is assessed by more than one academic staff member, which ensures consistency and subsequently, quality. Additional, findings revealed that industry mentors are also involved in the assessment process, which presents a problem because mentors are not trained as assessors and sometimes are unable to relate WIL outcomes to assessment criteria. It was recommended that assessment training for mentors is crucial as this will capacitate them and assist in better understanding the importance of assessing students during placement. A further study can be undertaken to explore the relationship of industry supervisors/mentors with students.
USE OF TEPHRITOBASALT AND LEAD SLAG AS AN ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL IN BURNING PORTLAND CEMENT CLINKER
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Zhakipbayev B.Ye. ,   Peoples Friendship University named after Academician A.Kuatbekov, Zhanikulov N.N. ,   E.A. Buketov Karaganda University
Published: June 2023

The main raw materials in the production of cement are carbonate and clay rocks, as well as some types of industrial and man-made waste. The bowels of Kazakhstan are rich in raw materials for the production of cement, but the reserves of high-quality natural raw materials are limited. In Kazakhstan, according to the Committee of Geology, 122 limestone deposits have been explored with a total balance of reserves of 480.2 million tons. Deposits of clay rocks are known in all regions of Kazakhstan. 1500 deposits of clay rocks have been explored. In addition, in many regions of the Republic there are multi-million dumps of industrial and man-made waste. Currently, the volume of accumulated industrial waste is more than 30 billion tons. The aim of our research is to study the possibility of using tephrite-basalt and lead slag as a substitute for the clay and iron-bearing component during clinker firing in the production of Portland cement.
THERMAL INSULATION PERLITE CONCRETE GRADES D150 and D200
Authors:   International Educational Corporation, Ibraimbayeva G.B. , Saduakasov M.S. ,   "Almaty Beton materialdary" LLP, Ermukhanbet M.A. ,   Satbayev University, Meyrkhanov T.B. ,   Nazarbayev University, Shoibekova A.M. ,   "Almaty Beton materialdary" LLP
Published: June 2023

The article presents the results of research on the development of compositions and the study of the physico-mechanical properties of particularly light perlite concrete. It has been found that the use of foam makes it possible to dramatically increase the volume of cement dough, which makes it possible to mix the solution with brittle, weakly strong grains of expanded perlite sand. As a result of experimental studies, perlite concrete was obtained with an average dry density of 150-200 kg/m3, compressive strength of 0.32-0.43 MPa, thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.048-0.052 W / (m · ° C). The plates are designed for thermal insulation of residential and public buildings. In the conditions of Almaty, with a plate thickness of 10 cm, the required thermal protection of external structures of buildings is provided.
Party Autonomy in the choice of law: some insights from Brazil
Authors: Beltrame de Moura Aline
Published: June 2023

For nearly seventy years, the Brazilian private international law system has remained unchanged, while many other countries around the world have enacted new legislation in this field. Despite the significant involvement of Brazilian companies in the global market, the Brazilian legal system has shown resistance to accepting party autonomy in the choice of law. In light of this situation, the aim of this paper is to examine the existing divergence of opinions regarding the principle of party autonomy in Brazilian private international law. The focus will be on understanding the different perspectives regarding the scope of party autonomy in the absence of explicit legislative provisions. The specific objective is to assess whether the current Brazilian legislation, doctrine, and jurisprudence pertaining to international contracts offer adequate solutions to the challenges faced in international trade transactions, such as the possibility of using an arbitration clause as an escape valve for the inflexibility of the system.
Sustainable development in the Mercosur-European Union Association Agreement: tensions and expectations
Authors: Viegas-Liquidato Vera Lúcia , Lucchesi Van Brussel Ivan
Published: June 2023

This article offers an internationalist perspective on the environmental issue within interregional agreements, focusing on the European Union-Mercosur Free Trade Association Agreement, which is currently in the process of ratifications. We qualitatively analyze the history and evolution of international environmental law, the importance of the indicative origin of said legal discipline, and the dialogue of sources typical of Public International Law in order to highlight the strengths of Soft Law in the construction of a global paradigm of. Sustainable Development. We consider the aspects of environmental regulations, where the legal nature of the right to sustainable development is analyzed, as well as the limitation of the sovereignty of States in these issues; in conceiving it as a fundamental right of the human person and an international jus cogens norm. The sustainable development article of the Agreement is considered as a relevant point of analysis, and how it could have an impact on the dispute resolution mechanisms and procedures established by MERCOSUR and the European Union regarding disputes that may arise in relation to commercial activities that may affect the environment. The methodology was deductive, with bibliographic survey, analysis of jurisprudence and exegesis of normative texts.
The trend of breeding value research in animal science: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yardibi Fatma , Chen Chaomei , Fırat Mehmet Ziya , Karacaören Burak , Süzen Esra
Published: June 2023

Abstract. This study aims to identify trends and hot topics in breeding value to support researchers in finding new directions for future research in that
area. The data of this study consist of 7072 academic studies on breeding value in the Web of Science database. Network visualizations and in-depth
bibliometric analysis were performed on cited references, authors, countries, institutions, journals, and keywords through CiteSpace. VanRaden (2008) is the most cited work and has an essential place in the field. The most prolific writer is Ignacy Misztal. While the most productive
country in breeding value studies is the United States, the People's Republic of China is an influential country that has experienced a strong
citation burst in the last 3 years. The National Institute for Agricultural Research and Wageningen University are important institutions that play
a critical role in connecting other institutions. Also, these two institutions have the highest centrality values. “Genomic prediction” is the
outstanding sub-study field in the active clusters appearing in the analysis results. We have summarized the literature on breeding value, including
publication information, country, institution, author, and journal. We can say that hot topics today are “genome-wide association”, “feed
efficiency”, and “genomic prediction”. While the studies conducted in the past years have focused on economic value and accuracy, the studies
conducted in recent years have started to be studies that consider technological developments and changing world conditions such as global warming
and carbon emission.
Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) UV aerosol index data analysis over the Arctic region for future data assimilation and climate forcing applications
Authors: Sorenson Blake T. , Zhang Jianglong , Reid Jeffrey S. , Xian Peng , Jaker Shawn L.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Due to a lack of high-latitude ground-based and
satellite-based data from traditional passive- and active-based
measurements, the impact of aerosol particles on the Arctic region is one of
the least understood factors contributing to recent Arctic sea ice changes.
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using the ultraviolet (UV)
aerosol index (AI) parameter from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a
semi-quantitative aerosol parameter, for quantifying spatiotemporal changes
in UV-absorbing aerosols over the Arctic region. We found that OMI AI data
are affected by an additional row anomaly that is unflagged by the OMI quality
control flag and are systematically biased as functions of observing
conditions, such as azimuth angle, and certain surface types over the Arctic
region, resulting in an anomalous “ring” of climatologically high AI
centered at about 70∘ N, surrounding an area of low AI over the pole.
Two methods were developed in this study for quality-assuring the Arctic AI
data. Using quality-controlled OMI AI data from 2005 through 2020, we found
decreases in UV-absorbing aerosols in the spring months (April and May) over
much of the Arctic region and increases in UV-absorbing aerosols in the
summer months (June, July, and August) over northern Russia and northern
Canada. Additionally, we found significant increases in the frequency and
size of UV-absorbing aerosol events across the Arctic and high-Arctic (north
of 80∘ N) regions for the latter half of the study period
(2014–2020), driven primarily by a significant increase in boreal
biomass-burning plume coverage.
The EUPPBench postprocessing benchmark dataset v1.0
Authors: Demaeyer Jonathan , Bhend Jonas , Lerch Sebastian , Primo Cristina , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Atencia Aitor , Ben Bouallègue Zied , Chen Jieyu , Dabernig Markus , Evans Gavin , Faganeli Pucer Jana , Hooper Ben , Horat Nina , Jobst David , Merše Janko , Mlakar Peter , Möller Annette , Mestre Olivier , Taillardat Maxime , Vannitsem Stéphane
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Statistical postprocessing of medium-range weather forecasts is an important component of modern forecasting systems. Since the beginning of modern data science, numerous new postprocessing methods have been proposed, complementing an already very diverse field. However, one of the questions that frequently arises when considering different methods in the framework of implementing operational postprocessing is the relative performance of the methods for a given specific task. It is particularly challenging to find or construct a common comprehensive dataset that can be used to perform such comparisons. Here, we introduce the first version of EUPPBench (EUMETNET postprocessing benchmark), a dataset of time-aligned forecasts and observations, with the aim to facilitate and standardize this process. This dataset is publicly available at
https://github.com/EUPP-benchmark/climetlab-eumetnet-postprocessing-benchmark (31 December 2022) and on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7429236, Demaeyer, 2022b and
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7708362, Bhend et al., 2023). We provide examples showing how to download and use the data, we propose a set of evaluation methods, and we perform a first benchmark of several methods for the correction of 2 m temperature forecasts.
Self-nested large-eddy simulations in PALM model system v21.10 for offshore wind prediction under different atmospheric stability conditions
Authors: Krutova Maria , Bakhoday-Paskyabi Mostafa , Reuder Joachim , Nielsen Finn Gunnar
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Large-eddy simulation (LES) resolves large-scale turbulence directly and parametrizes small-scale turbulence. Resolving micro-scale turbulence, e.g., in wind turbine wakes, requires both a sufficiently small grid spacing and a domain large enough to develop turbulent flow.
Refining a grid locally via a nesting interface effectively decreases the required computational time compared to the global grid refinement. However, interpolating the flow between nested grid boundaries introduces another source of uncertainty. Previous studies reviewed nesting effects for a buoyancy-driven flow and observed a secondary circulation in the two-way nested area. Using a nesting interface with a shear-driven flow in LES, therefore, requires additional verification.
We use PALM model system 21.10 to simulate a boundary layer in a cascading self-nested domain under neutral, convective, and stable conditions and verify the results based on the wind speed measurements taken at the FINO1 platform in the North Sea. We show that the feedback between parent and child domains in a two-way nested simulation of a non-neutral boundary layer alters the circulation in the nested area, despite spectral characteristics following the reference measurements. Unlike the pure buoyancy-driven flow, a non-neutral shear-driven flow slows down in a two-way nested area and accelerates after exiting the child domain. We also briefly review the nesting effect on the velocity profiles and turbulence anisotropy.
Propagation from meteorological to hydrological drought in the Horn of Africa using both standardized and threshold-based indices
Authors: Odongo Rhoda A. , De Moel Hans , Van Loon Anne F.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. There have been numerous drought propagation studies in data-rich countries, but not much has been done for data-poor regions (such as the Horn of Africa, HOA). In this study, we characterize meteorological, soil moisture and
hydrological drought and the propagation from one to the other for 318
catchments in the HOA to improve understanding of the spatial variability in the drought hazard. We calculate the standardized precipitation index (SPI),
standardized soil moisture index (SSMI) and standardized streamflow index
(SSI). In addition, we use the variable threshold method to calculate the
duration of drought below a predefined percentile threshold for
precipitation, soil moisture and discharge. The relationship between
meteorological and soil moisture drought is investigated by finding the SPI
accumulation period that has the highest correlation between SPI and SSMI,
and the relationship between meteorological and hydrological drought is
analysed by the SPI accumulation period that has the highest correlation
between SPI and SSI time series. Additionally, we calculated these
relationships with the ratio between the threshold-based meteorological-drought duration and soil moisture drought duration and the relation
between threshold-based meteorological-drought duration and streamflow
drought duration. Finally, we investigate the influence of climate and
catchment characteristics on these propagation metrics. The results show
that (1) the propagation from SPI to SSMI and the mean drought duration
ratio of meteorological to soil moisture drought (P / SM) are mainly influenced by soil properties and vegetation, with the short accumulation periods (1 to 4 months) of SPI in catchments with arable land, high mean annual precipitation, and low sand and silt content, while longer accumulations (5 to 7 months) are in catchments with low mean annual upstream precipitation
and shrub vegetation; (2) the propagation from SPI to SSI and precipitation-to-streamflow duration ratio are highly influenced by the climate and
catchment control, i.e. geology, elevation and land cover, with the short
accumulation times in catchments with high annual precipitation, volcanic
permeable geology and cropland and the longer accumulations in catchments
with low annual precipitation, sedimentary rocks and shrubland; and (3) the
influence of mean annual upstream precipitation is more important for the
propagation from SPI to SSI than from SPI to SSMI. Additionally,
precipitation accumulation periods of approximately 1 to 4 months in wet
western areas of the HOA and of approximately 5 to 7 months in the dryland regions are found. This can guide forecasting and management efforts as different drought metrics are thus of importance in different regions.
Data-driven methods to estimate the committor function in conceptual ocean models
Authors: Jacques-Dumas Valérian , van Westen René M. , Bouchet Freddy , Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In recent years, several climate subsystems have been identified that may undergo a relatively rapid transition compared to the changes in their forcing. Such transitions are rare events in general, and simulating long-enough trajectories in order to gather sufficient data to determine transition statistics would be too expensive. Conversely, rare events algorithms like TAMS (trajectory-adaptive multilevel sampling) encourage the transition while keeping track of the model statistics. However, this algorithm relies on a score function whose choice is crucial to ensure its efficiency. The optimal score function, called the committor function, is in practice very difficult to compute. In this paper, we compare different data-based methods (analog Markov chains, neural networks, reservoir computing, dynamical Galerkin approximation) to estimate the committor from trajectory data. We apply these methods on two models of the Atlantic Ocean circulation featuring very different dynamical behavior. We compare these methods in terms of two measures, evaluating how close the estimate is from the true committor and in terms of the computational time. We find that all methods are able to extract information from the data in order to provide a good estimate of the committor. Analog Markov Chains provide a very reliable estimate of the true committor in simple models but prove not so robust when applied to systems with a more complex phase space. Neural network methods clearly stand out by their relatively low testing time, and their training time scales more favorably with the complexity of the model than the other methods. In particular, feedforward neural networks consistently achieve the best performance when trained with enough data, making this method promising for committor estimation in sophisticated climate models.
Intense anticyclones at the global Argentine Basin array of the Ocean Observatory Initiative
Authors: Artana Camila , Provost Christine
Published: June 2023

Abstract. We analyzed physical oceanic parameters gathered by a mooring array at mesoscale spatial sampling deployed in the Argentine Basin within the Ocean Observatory Initiative, a National Science Foundation major research facility. The array was maintained at 42∘ S and 42∘ W, a historically sparsely sampled region with small ocean variability, over 34 months from March 2015 to January 2018. The data documented four anticyclonic extreme-structure events in 2016. The four anticyclonic structures had different characteristics (size, vertical extension, origin, lifetime and Rossby number). They all featured near-inertial waves (NIWs) trapped at depth and low Richardson values well below the mixed layer. Low Richardson values suggest favorable conditions for mixing. The anticyclonic features likely act as mixing structures at the pycnocline, bringing heat and salt from the South Atlantic Central Water to the Antarctic Intermediate Waters. The intense structures were unique in the 29-year-long satellite altimetry record at the mooring site. The Argentine Basin is populated with many anticyclones, and mixing associated with trapped NIWs probably plays an important role in setting up the upper-water-mass characteristics in the basin.
Modeling considerations for research on Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE)
Authors: Fennel Katja , Long Matthew C. , Algar Christopher , Carter Brendan , Keller David , Laurent Arnaud , Mattern Jann Paul , Musgrave Ruth , Oschlies Andreas , Ostiguy Josiane , Palter Jamie , Whitt Daniel B.
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The deliberate increase of ocean alkalinity (referred to as Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement or OAE) has been proposed as a method for removing CO2 from the atmosphere. Before OAE can be implemented safely, efficiently, and at scale several research questions have to be addressed including: 1) which alkaline feedstocks are best suited and in what doses can they be added safely, 2) how can net carbon uptake be measured and verified, and 3) what are the potential ecosystem impacts. These research questions cannot be addressed by direct observation alone but will require skillful and fit-for-purpose models. This chapter provides an overview of the most relevant modeling tools, including turbulence-, regional- and global-scale biogeochemical models, and techniques including approaches for model validation, data assimilation, and uncertainty estimation. Typical biogeochemical model assumptions and their limitations are discussed in the context of OAE research, which leads to an identification of further development needs to make models more applicable to OAE research questions. A description of typical steps in model validation is followed by proposed minimum criteria for what constitutes a model that is fit for its intended purpose. After providing an overview of approaches for sound integration of models and observations via data assimilation, the application of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) for observing system design is described within the context of OAE research. Criteria for model validation and intercomparison studies are presented. The article concludes with a summary of recommendations and potential pitfalls to be avoided.