bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametrised moduli spaces of surfaces as infinite loop spaces
Authors: Bianchi Andrea , Kranhold Florian , Reinhold Jens
Published: June 2022

We study the

$E_2$

-algebra

$\Lambda \mathfrak {M}_{*,1}:= \coprod _{g\geqslant 0}\Lambda \mathfrak {M}_{g,1}$

consisting of free loop spaces of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces with one parametrised boundary component, and compute the homotopy type of the group completion

$\Omega B\Lambda \mathfrak {M}_{*,1}$

: it is the product of

$\Omega ^{\infty }\mathbf {MTSO}(2)$

with a certain free

$\Omega ^{\infty }$

-space depending on the family of all boundary-irreducible mapping classes in all mapping class groups

$\Gamma _{g,n}$

with

$g\geqslant 0$

and

$n\geqslant 1$

.
Motohashi’s formula for the fourth moment of individual DirichletL-functions and applications
Authors: Kaneko Ikuya
Published: June 2022

A new reciprocity formula for DirichletL-functions associated to an arbitrary primitive Dirichlet character of prime modulusqis established. We find an identity relating the fourth moment of individual DirichletL-functions in thet-aspect to the cubic moment of centralL-values of Hecke–Maaß newforms of level at most$q^{2}$and primitive central character$\psi ^{2}$averaged over all primitive nonquadratic characters$\psi $moduloq. Our formula can be thought of as a reverse version of recent work of Petrow–Young. Direct corollaries involve a variant of Iwaniec’s short interval fourth moment bound and the twelfth moment bound for DirichletL-functions, which generalise work of Jutila and Heath-Brown, respectively. This work traverses an intersection of classical analytic number theory and automorphic forms.
Metodología de recuperación de símbolos Emberá-Chamí a partir de modelos de gestión de conocimiento
Authors: Torres Novoa Rocío , Ocampo Quintero Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2022

La comunidad indígena Dojura (Emberá-Chamí) en Colombia está olvidando su iconografía tradicional, debido a que perdieron el contacto con sus territorios ancestrales por diferentes eventos de desplazamiento forzado. Por ello, se propuso construir una metodología de recuperación de símbolos a partir del modelo SECI (Socialización, Exteriorización, Combinación e Interiorización) de Nonaka, con lo cual, se espera lograr una sistematización de signos y a su vez una resignificación en la comunidad de modo que su cosmogonía en los territorios que habitan actualmente, les permita obtener sentido de pertenencia con su entorno. El trabajo llevado a cabo permite mostrar cómo a través de la sistematización de esta experiencia y con distintos ejercicios de generación de conocimiento, es posible recuperar los símbolos y permitir que haya un proceso de aprendizaje en la comunidad, como parte de los procesos de salvaguarda de la práctica cultural del tejido en chaquira.
Can We Learn from Yugoslavia?
Authors: Woodward Susan L.
Published: June 2022

Liquid Nationalism and State Partitions in Europeis Stefano Bianchini’smagnum opus, reflecting a lifetime of working on the issues of ethno-nationalism in Europe, from Southeast Europe through Central Europe and the former Soviet space to all of western Europe. It is more than a book; it is an entire seminar, ranging not only geographically but also historically, from the Enlightenment to the second decade of the 21stcentury. Simply a list of the gems I learned would usurp all the space I have been given for this essay and much more. I choose to focus on one small part, what I take to be the primary motivation behind this book, namely his anguish over the lessons for western Europe “not learned from the dismemberment of Yugoslavia” (the title of Chapter 10), a case he knows so well. That chapter then begins with a quotation from another specialist on Yugoslavia, Jacques Rupnik, inLe Mondein 2014, “the greatest obstacle to the Europeanization of the Balkans is the Balkanization of Europe” (185). Nor are Bianchini and Rupnik alone in this concern. Already in 2012, Ivan Krastev convened two parallel seminars at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna on what he called, “The Logics of Disintegration” – of the Soviet case (Part I) and the Habsburg and Yugoslav cases (Part II) and their lessons for the European Union.
Novel Tool Development and the Dynamics of Control: The Rodent Touchscreen Operant Chamber as a Case Study
Authors: Sullivan Jacqueline A.
Published: June 2022

In the quest to discover the neural bases of cognition, rigorous behavioral tools are equally as important as sophisticated tools for neural intervention. This paper evaluates several episodes in the development of a novel behavioral tool for rodent cognitive testing, the rodent touchscreen operant chamber. Using conceptual tools on offer in the philosophical literature on exploratory experimentation and control, I illuminate how optimization of this behavioral tool and an understanding of the causal knowledge it may be used to generate historically has involved dynamic interplay between community-driven exploratory practices operating in parallel with causal hypothesis-driven research.
Escape from Zanzibar: The Epistemic Value of Precision in Measurement
Authors: Isaac Alistair M. C.
Published: June 2022

A “Zanzibar” is an island of measurement values that internally cohere, but are detached from independent contact with reality. One manifestation of Zanzibars is through “bandwagon effects,” the tendency of contemporaneous measurements to agree. Bandwagons illustrate how the otherwise virtuous drive towards coherence can have negative epistemic consequences. I argue that precision is an epistemic virtue that mitigates against bandwagon effects and illustrate this claim with a case study from the history of measurements of c. This precision-first reasoning motivates the practice of blind data analysis in bleeding edge precision measurement, where outcomes can point the way to new physics.
Meta-Analysis and Conservation Science
Authors: Kovaka Karen
Published: June 2022

Philosophical work on meta-analysis focuses on biomedical research and revolves around the question: Is meta-analytic evidence the best kind of evidence? By focusing on conservation science rather than biomedical science, I identify further questions and puzzles for meta-analysis and show their importance for the epistemology of meta-analysis.
Non-surgical organ preservation in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers: an audit from the clinic
Authors: Sood S , Sinha S , Balaji A , Mundhe S R , Mummudi N , Budrukkar A , Swain M , Prabash K , Noronha V , Joshi A , Patil V , Laskar S G
Published: June 2022

Background

There is increasing concern regarding efficacy of organ preservation protocol in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.

Method

This study retrospectively assessed disease-related and functional outcomes of 191 patients with non-metastatic laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent (radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy).

Results

Seventy-six patients (39.8 per cent) had a primary cancer in the larynx, and 115 patients (60.2 per cent) had a primary cancer in the hypopharynx. The median follow up was 39 months. The 3-year time to progression, overall survival, local control and laryngectomy free survival was 56.2 per cent, 76.3 per cent, 73.2 per cent and 67.2 per cent, respectively. At the time of analysis, 83 patients (43.5 per cent) were alive and disease free at their last follow up and did not require tube feeding or tracheostomy. The laryngo-oesophageal dysfunction-free survival was 61 per cent at 3 years.

Conclusion

Organ conservation protocols remain the standard of treatment in appropriately selected patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.
The Image of the Beast as a Parody of the Two Witnesses
Authors: Johnson David Ray
Published: June 2022

This article will examine the parodic characterisation of the image of the beast (Rev 13.15) who mimics the two witnesses (11.3–12) from a literary perspective. There is evidence of this mimicry based on the appearance of the textual markers, εἰκών and πνεῦμα. This study will examine parody in relation to other parodic characterisations that appear in the Apocalypse.
Christ Worship in the Neighbourhood: Corinth's ekklēsia and its Vicinity (1 Cor 14.22–5)
Authors: Last Richard
Published: June 2022

This article defends the salience of situating Christ worship in the context of urban neighbourhoods and identifies some historical problems in conceptualising belonging at that level of society, akin to similar work on other levels of society such as the household and polis. An ekklēsia or collegium is, like all neighbourhood structures, capable of fostering or delimiting social interactions among neighbours who identify differently. A case study of 1 Cor 14.22–5 illustrates how Paul's model ekklēsia functioned in the context of the neighbourhood, and considers the impact of adding the ekklēsia to the street on which it was located.
The Origin of the ‘Needle's Eye Gate’ Myth: Theophylact or Anselm?
Authors: Ziemińska Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

Jesus’ hyperbolic saying that ‘it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven’, present in the synoptic tradition (Matt 19.24; Mark 10.25; Luke 18.25), has long been subject to the suggestion that the ‘eye of a needle’ does not refer to an actual needle but is the name of a small gate in the Jerusalem wall. Today, most biblical scholars are convinced that this theory is incorrect, but no study identifies the sources of the error and traces the history of this myth. This note focuses on tracking the origins of the flaw and points specifically to the sources of the misconception that the term ‘eye of a needle’ should not be taken literally.

The earliest note that mentions a gate called the ‘eye of a needle’ seems to be a gloss attributed to Anselm of Canterbury (11th cent.). This gloss can be found in the thirteenth-century work of Thomas AquinasCatena aurea. What is false, however, is the oft-repeated belief that the source of the information is the eleventh-centuryGospel Commentaryof Theophylact.
Sentiment and the Contradiction of Racial Inequality in Beaumont's Marie or, Slavery in the United States
Authors: Talley Catherine
Published: June 2022

From the American travels of Alexis de Tocqueville and Gustave de Beaumont in 1831 and 1832, there emerged three books aimed at presenting European audiences with the lessons to be learned from the young democratic regime of the United States: the cowritten On the Penitentiary System in the U.S. and Its Application in France, Tocqueville's Democracy in America, and Beaumont's Marie or, Slavery in the United States. This essay aims to clarify the specificity of Beaumont's account of the United States in Marie by focusing on the central role he gives to sentiment as both formal principle and analytical concept. Through a reading of the book's sentimental novel form and its use of moral sentimentalist theory, this essay argues that Beaumont depicts American racism as the effect of a fundamental flaw in European American national character: an incapacity for sentiment that renders the United States incapable of fully realizing its democratic principles.
Correlations of almost primes
Authors: EVANS NATALIE
Published: June 2022

We prove that analogues of the Hardy–Littlewood generalised twin prime conjecture for almost primes hold on average. Our main theorem establishes an asymptotic formula for the number of integers
$n=p_1p_2 \leq X$
such that
$n+h$
is a product of exactly two primes which holds for almost all
$|h|\leq H$
with
$\log^{19+\varepsilon}X\leq H\leq X^{1-\varepsilon}$
, under a restriction on the size of one of the prime factors of n and
$n+h$
. Additionally, we consider correlations
$n,n+h$
where n is a prime and
$n+h$
has exactly two prime factors, establishing an asymptotic formula which holds for almost all
$|h| \leq H$
with
$X^{1/6+\varepsilon}\leq H\leq X^{1-\varepsilon}$
.
Associations among maternal lifetime trauma, psychological symptoms in pregnancy, and infant stress reactivity and regulation
Authors: Foss Sophie , Petty Carter R. , Howell Caroline , Mendonca Juliana , Bosse Abigail , Waber Deborah P. , Wright Rosalind J. , Bosquet Enlow Michelle
Published: June 2022

Maternal trauma has intergenerational implications, including worse birth outcomes, altered brain morphology, and poorer mental health. Research investigating intergenerational effects of maternal trauma on infant stress reactivity and regulation is limited. Maternal mental health during pregnancy may be a contributor: psychopathology is a sequela of trauma exposure and predictor of altered self-regulatory capacity in offspring of affected mothers. We assessed associations among maternal lifetime trauma and infant stress responsivity, mediated by psychological symptoms in pregnancy. Mothers reported lifetime trauma history and anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy. At infant age 6 months, stress reactivity and regulation were assessed via maternal behavior ratings (Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised, IBQ-R) and behavioral (negative mood) and physiological (respiratory sinus arrhythmia, RSA) markers during a laboratory stressor (Still-Face Paradigm). Maternal trauma was directly associated with lower infant physiological regulation and indirectly associated with lower levels of both infant behavioral and physiological regulation via higher maternal anxiety during pregnancy. Maternal trauma was also indirectly associated with higher infant reactivity via higher maternal anxiety during pregnancy. Post hoc analyses indicated differential contributions of maternal prenatal versus postnatal anxiety to infant outcomes. Findings highlight potential contributory mechanisms toward maladaptive child stress response, which has been associated with poor behavioral, cognitive, and academic outcomes.
Detecting social information processing profiles of boys with aggressive behavior problems: An interactive virtual reality approach
Authors: Verhoef Rogier E. J. , van Dijk Anouk , Thomaes Sander , Verhulp Esmée E. , van Rest Maaike M. , De Castro Bram O.
Published: June 2022

Children with aggressive behavior problems may aggress for different reasons, requiring tailored assessment and treatment. The aim of this study was to test whether it is possible to detect distinct social information processing (SIP) profiles among boys with aggressive behavior problems. We therefore conducted Latent Profile Analyses on boys’ SIP patterns assessed in interactive virtual reality. Additionally, we examined the discriminant validity of these SIP profiles by comparing them on theoretically relevant child characteristics (i.e., temperament, executive functioning, aggressive belief systems, punishment insensitivity, sensation seeking). We presented boys (N = 181; ages 7–13) with a virtual classroom where they could play games with virtual peers. They reported on their SIP in four virtual reality scenarios, designed to assess reactive and proactive aggressive SIP. Results revealed four distinct SIP profiles: a general reactive SIP profile, a situation-specific reactive SIP profile, a mixed reactive-proactive SIP profile, and a nonaggressive SIP profile. Planned contrasts revealed that boys with these SIP profiles differed in temperament, aggressive belief systems, and punishment insensitivity, but not in executive functioning and sensation seeking. Overall, findings suggest that boys differ in the exact SIP patterns underlying their aggressive behavior, providing inroads to tailor interventions to children’s individual needs.
Early-life adversity is associated with poor iron status in infancy
Authors: Reid Brie M. , East Patricia , Blanco Estela , Doom Jenalee R. , Burrows Raquel A. , Correa-Burrows Paulina , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila
Published: June 2022

Exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) and iron deficiency early in life are known risk factors for suboptimal brain and socioemotional development. Iron deficiency may arise from and co-occur with ELA, which could negatively affect development. In the present study, we investigated whether ELA is associated with iron deficiency in infants receiving no iron supplementation. This study is a secondary analysis of extant data collected in the 1990s; participants were healthy infants from working-class communities in Santiago, Chile (N = 534, 45.5% female). We measured stressful life events, maternal depression, and low home support for child development during infancy and assessed iron status when the infant was 12 months old. Slightly more than half of the infants were iron-deficient (51%), and 25.8% were iron-deficient anemic at 12 months. Results indicated that ELA was associated with lower iron levels and iron deficiency at 12 months. The findings are consistent with animal and human prenatal models of stress and iron status and provide evidence of the association between postnatal ELA and iron status in humans. The findings also highlight a nutritional pathway by which ELA may impact development and present a nutritionally-focused avenue for future research on ELA and psychopathology.
Asymptotic-preserving schemes for multiscale physical problems
Authors: Jin Shi
Published: June 2022

We present the asymptotic transitions from microscopic to macroscopic physics, their computational challenges and the asymptotic-preserving (AP) strategies to compute multiscale physical problems efficiently. Specifically, we will first study the asymptotic transition from quantum to classical mechanics, from classical mechanics to kinetic theory, and then from kinetic theory to hydrodynamics. We then review some representative AP schemes that mimic these asymptotic transitions at the discrete level, and hence can be used crossing scales and, in particular, capture the macroscopic behaviour without resolving the microscopic physical scale numerically.
Drone Applications for Emergency and Urgent Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sanz-Martos Sebastián , López-Franco María Dolores , Álvarez-García Cristina , Granero-Moya Nani , López-Hens José María , Cámara-Anguita Sixto , Pancorbo-Hidalgo Pedro Luis , Comino-Sanz Inés María
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

In recent years, the use of drones in health emergencies has increased. Among their main benefits are avoiding endangering rescuers, travelling long distances in a short time, or contacting victims in risky situations; but despite their multiple advantages, their use has not been fully demonstrated.

Study Objective:

This study aims to identify the available evidence on the use of drones in emergency health care compared to traditional health care.

Methods:

Systematic review of the literature was conducted. Search protocols were developed to locate studies that met the established selection criteria. Six experimental or quasi-experimental studies with high methodological quality published from the beginning of indexing until 2020 were included.

Results:

Drones covered a significantly larger area than other traditional tracking methods and were very useful for performing preliminary triage, determining needs, and knowing the scene prior to the arrival of rescuers. In addition, drones reduced the time required to locate the victim.

Conclusions:

Drones are an element to be taken into account when attending health emergencies as they significantly improve the distance travelled to locate accident victims, have the possibility of performing triage prior to the arrival of the health care units, and improve the time and quality of the care provided.
Hydrocortisone in the emergency department: a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled posttraumatic stress disorder study. Hydrocortisone during golden hours
Authors: Carmi Lior , Zohar Joseph , Weissman Tal , Juven-Wetzler Alzbeta , Bierer Linda , Yehuda Rachel , Cohen Hagit
Published: June 2022

Objectives

A blunted response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis immediately after exposure to traumatic events has been proposed as a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accordingly, administration of hydrocortisone in the aftermath of a traumatic event is indicated. This study consisted of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial investigating whether a single intravenous dose of hydrocortisone administered within 6 hours after exposure to trauma would reduce the incidence of PTSD at the 13-month follow-up.

Methods

A total of 118 consented patients with acute stress symptoms were administered a single intravenous bolus of hydrocortisone/placebo within 6 hours of the traumatic event. Blood samples were taken before hydrocortisone administration.

Results

At 13 months, the hydrocortisone group did not differ from the placebo group regarding PTSD prevalence or symptom severity. However, a significant interaction between time of the trauma (ie, night, when cortisol’s level is low) and treatment was found. Specifically, a lower prevalence of PTSD was found at the 13-month follow-up in the hydrocortisone night group.

Conclusions

Administration of hydrocortisone within 6 hours of the traumatic event was not effective in preventing PTSD compared to placebo. However, nocturnal administration (when cortisol levels are low) may suggest a new venue for research.
Psychotherapy for advanced cancer patients: A meta-analysis of the quality of life and survival assessments
Authors: Wu Yanqian , Pan Jiajia , Lu Yan , Chao Jianqian , Yu Heming
Published: June 2022

Objectives

A meta-analysis has explored the effect of psychotherapy on the quality of life (QOL) but has not explored the effect on advanced cancer patients’ survival, which is highly debated. Therefore, we consider the survival days and QOL as the primary outcomes in our analysis.

Methods

Eligible studies were collected from four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) until February 20, 2021. The pooled effect sizes were presented as weighted mean difference (WMD) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test, and I2 statistics was used to assess the heterogeneity.

Results

Thirty-three studies were finally included, containing 2,159 patients in the psychotherapy group and 2,170 patients in the control group. McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life-C15-Palliative (EORTC-QLQ-C15-Pal) supported that QOL of the psychotherapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and WMD value was 0.42 (95% CI: 0.12–0.71) and 17.26 (95% CI: 11.08–23.44), respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding to the survival time (WMD: 17.85, 95% CI: −8.79, 44.49, P = 0.189). Moreover, the levels of anxiety, depression, confusion, pain, and suffering were lowered in psychotherapy group (all P < 0.05).

Significance of results

Psychotherapy could improve the QOL of advanced cancer patients but not affect the survival time.
Quantifying Carbon Cycle Extremes and Attributing Their Causes Under Climate and Land Use and Land Cover Change From 1850 to 2300
Authors: Sharma Bharat , Kumar Jitendra , Collier Nathan , Ganguly Auroop R. , Hoffman Forrest M.
Published: June 2022

The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fraction affects global climate through radiative (trapping longwave radiation) and physiological effects (reduction of plant transpiration). We use the simulations of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1‐BGC) forced with Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 to investigate climate‐vegetation feedbacks from 1850 to the year 2300. Human‐induced land use and land cover change (LULCC), through biogeochemical and biogeophysical processes, alter the climate and modify photosynthetic activity. The changing characteristics of extreme anomalies in photosynthesis, referred to as carbon cycle extremes, increase the uncertainty of terrestrial ecosystems to act as a net carbon sink. However, the role of LULCC in altering carbon cycle extremes under business‐as‐usual (continuously rising) CO2 emissions is unknown. Here we show that LULCC magnifies the intensity, frequency, and extent of carbon cycle extremes, resulting in a net reduction in expected photosynthetic activity in the future. We found that large temporally contiguous negative carbon cycle extremes are due to a persistent decrease in soil moisture, which is triggered by declines in precipitation. With LULCC and global warming, vegetation exhibits increased vulnerability to hot and dry environmental conditions, increasing the frequency of fire events and resulting in considerable losses in photosynthetic activity. While most regions show strengthening of negative carbon cycle extremes, a few locations show a weakening effect driven by declining vegetation cover or benign climate conditions for photosynthesis. Increasing hot, dry, and fire‐driven carbon cycle extremes are essential for improving carbon cycle modeling and estimation of ecosystem responses to LULCC and rising CO2 mole fractions. Moreover, large aberrations in vegetation productivity represent potential and growing threats to human lives, wildlife, and food security.
Optimizing the Management of Multireservoir Systems Under Shifting Flow Regimes
Authors: Espanmanesh Vahid , Tilmant Amaury
Published: June 2022

Over the past few decades, significant research efforts have been devoted to the development of tools and techniques to improve the operational effectiveness of multireservoir systems. One of those efforts focuses on the incorporation of relevant hydrologic information into reservoir operation models. This effort is particularly relevant in regions characterized by low‐frequency climate signals, where time series of river discharges exhibit regime‐like behavior. Failure to properly capture such regime‐like behavior yields suboptimal operating policies, especially in systems characterized by large storage capacity such as large multireservoir systems. Hidden Markov Modeling is a class of hydrological models that can accommodate both overdispersion and serial dependence in time series, two essential hydrological properties that must be captured when modeling a system where the climate is switching between different states (e.g., dry, normal, and wet). In terms of reservoir operation, Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming (SDDP) is one of the few optimization techniques that can accommodate both system and hydrologic complexity, that is, a large number of reservoirs and diverse hydrologic information. However, current SDDP formulations are unable to capture the long‐term persistence of the streamflow process found in some regions. In this paper, we present an extension of the SDDP algorithm that can handle the long‐term persistence and provide reservoir operating policies that explicitly capture regime shifts. Using the Senegal River Basin as a case study, we illustrate the potential gain associated with reservoir operating policies tailored to climate states.
Seasonal Photoacclimation in the North Pacific Transition Zone
Authors: Britten Gregory L. , Padalino Christine , Forget Gaël , Follows Michael J.
Published: June 2022

The Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) is a dynamic region of elevated chlorophyll concentrations in the Northeast Pacific that migrates from a southern winter (February) extent of approximately 30°N to a northern summer (August) extent of approximately 40°N. The transition zone has been highlighted as important habitat for marine animals and fisheries. We re‐examine the physical and biological drivers of seasonal TZCF variability using a variety of remote sensing, reanalysis, and in situ data sets. Satellite‐based remote sensing estimates of chlorophyll and carbon concentrations show that seasonal TZCF migration primarily reflects a seasonal increase in the chlorophyll to carbon ratio, rather than changes in phytoplankton carbon. We use our data compilation to demonstrate how the seasonality of light and nutrient fluxes decouple chlorophyll and carbon seasonality at the transition zone latitudes. Seasonal mixed‐layer‐averaged light availability is positively correlated with carbon and negatively correlated with chlorophyll through the transition zone, while climatological nitrate profiles show that chlorophyll to carbon ratios are facilitated by wintertime nitrate entrainment. These empirical results are consistent with physiological data and models describing elevated chlorophyll to carbon ratios in low light, nutrient‐replete environments, demonstrating the importance of latitudinal structure in interpreting seasonal chlorophyll dynamics at the basin scale.
Disease-Related Distress in Pediatric IBD: Development and Validation of the Crohn’s and Colitis Distress Scale
Authors: Stellway Jacklyn E. , Cummings Caroline , Paternostro Jennifer , Stoeckel Maggie , Muir Linda , Harris Michael A.
Published: June 2022

Objective:

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract with painful and distressing symptoms periods of exacerbations and remissions. Youth with IBD are at increased risk of experiencing challenges across psychosocial functioning. Mental health concerns (i.e., anxiety, depression) are commonly assessed in youth with IBD, but measures used to assess psychopathology may not fully capture emotional distress unique to living with IBD. There remains no well-validated measure of IBD-specific distress in pediatrics.

Method:

The Crohn’s and Colitis Distress Scale (CCDS), a newly developed measure of pediatric IBD-distress, was completed by 120 youth with IBD during routine care. The psychometric properties of the measure were examined.

Results:

The Cronbach’s alpha for the full scale was .94 and subscale internal consistency ranged from .66 to .90. Longer time since diagnosis and longer time since last flare was associated with lower IBD-distress. Further, greater IBD-distress was reported in girls with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, currently symptomatic, or currently flaring respective to their counterparts. Though moderately to largely correlated (.30 < r < .73), IBD-distress was found to be a distinct construct from global anxiety and depression.

Conclusions:

Data support the use of an instrument specific to IBD-distress, such as the CCDS, to allow for more accurate detection of risk for emotional distress in IBD. Further assessment of the reliability and validity of the measure within larger, more diverse samples is warranted. Such investigation should include assessment of the associations between IBD-distress and treatment engagement and health outcomes.

Implications for Impact Statement

Mental health concerns (e.g., anxiety, depression) are commonly assessed in youth with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), but the measures used do not fully capture emotional distress that is unique to living with IBD. The Crohn’s and Colitis Distress Scale (CCDS) is a newly developed measure assessing IBD-related emotional distress in youth. Our study found initial evidence for validating the CCDS, we identified 5 factors of IBD-distress, and we found that IBD-distress as a distinct construct from more global anxiety and depression.
Insights on the corrosion thermodynamics of chromium in molten LiF-NaF-KF eutectic salts
Authors: Chan Ho Lun , Romanovskaia Elena , Qiu Jie , Hosemann Peter , Scully John R.
Published: June 2022

The thermodynamic stability of chromium in the Cr0, Cr2+, and Cr3+ oxidation states considering various F− ion coordination compounds was investigated in molten LiF–NaF-KF (FLiNaK) eutectic salt. Potential fluoride ion activity (F− and CrF3−) diagrams were constructed to predict the most stable Cr oxidation states as a function of anion activity, solvation state of chromium ions and potential at 600 °C. The Gibbs free energies of these compounds were estimated by utilizing a combined cyclic voltammetry – Nernst theory analysis approach in FLiNaK salt. To verify the constructed diagrams, X-ray diffraction was utilized after exposure of Cr at various applied potentials to determine whether compounds detected in solidified FLiNaK salts agreed with thermodynamic calculations. This work aims to identify key thermodynamic factors that are significant to chromium corrosion for molten salt nuclear reactor applications. The F− stability region spans the entire region where spontaneous corrosion of Cr occurs. Cr may be oxidized to Cr2+ and Cr3+ in the presence HF (due to moisture as an impurity) spontaneously except some conditions of p1/2H2/aHF etc. This situation is not changed qualitatively for various states of solvation between oxidized Cr solute in F− solvent and this aspect is substantially similar for the two cases (pair 1: Cr0/CrF3−/ CrF63−; pair 2: Cr0/CrF42−/CrF52−) considered in this work.
Ancient genomes from the last three millennia support multiple human dispersals into Wallacea
Authors: Oliveira Sandra , Nägele Kathrin , Carlhoff Selina , Pugach Irina , Koesbardiati Toetik , Hübner Alexander , Meyer Matthias , Oktaviana Adhi Agus , Takenaka Masami , Katagiri Chiaki , Murti Delta Bayu , Putri Rizky Sugianto , Mahirta  , Petchey Fiona , Higham Thomas , Higham Charles F. W. , O’Connor Sue , Hawkins Stuart , Kinaston Rebecca , Bellwood Peter , Ono Rintaro , Powell Adam , Krause Johannes , Posth Cosimo , Stoneking Mark
Published: June 2022

Previous research indicates that human genetic diversity in Wallacea—islands in present-day Eastern Indonesia and Timor-Leste that were never part of the Sunda or Sahul continental shelves—has been shaped by complex interactions between migrating Austronesian farmers and indigenous hunter–gatherer communities. Yet, inferences based on present-day groups proved insufficient to disentangle this region’s demographic movements and admixture timings. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of variation in Wallacea based on genome-wide data from 16 ancient individuals (2600–250 years BP) from the North Moluccas, Sulawesi and East Nusa Tenggara. While ancestry in the northern islands primarily reflects contact between Austronesian- and Papuan-related groups, ancestry in the southern islands reveals additional contributions from Mainland Southeast Asia that seem to predate the arrival of Austronesians. Admixture time estimates further support multiple and/or continuous admixture involving Papuan- and Asian-related groups throughout Wallacea. Our results clarify previously debated times of admixture and suggest that the Neolithic dispersals into Island Southeast Asia are associated with the spread of multiple genetic ancestries.
Putative rhythms in attentional switching can be explained by aperiodic temporal structure
Authors: Brookshire Geoffrey
Published: June 2022

The neural and perceptual effects of attention were traditionally assumed to be sustained over time, but recent work suggests that covert attention rhythmically switches between objects at 3–8 Hz. Here I use simulations to demonstrate that the analysis approaches commonly used to test for rhythmic oscillations generate false positives in the presence of aperiodic temporal structure. I then propose two alternative analyses that are better able to discriminate between periodic and aperiodic structure in time series. Finally, I apply these alternative analyses to published datasets and find no evidence for behavioural rhythms in attentional switching after accounting for aperiodic temporal structure. The techniques presented here will help clarify the periodic and aperiodic dynamics of perception and of cognition more broadly.
Ultra-deep multi-oncopanel sequencing of benchmarking samples with a wide range of variant allele frequencies
Authors: Gong Binsheng , Kusko Rebecca , Jones Wendell , Tong Weida , Xu Joshua
Published: June 2022

The lack of suitable reference genomic material to enable a transparent cross-lab study of oncopanels inspired the SEQC2 Oncopanel Sequencing Working Group to develop four reference samples, sequenced with eight oncopanels at independent test laboratories with ultra-deep sequencing depth. This rich, publicly available dataset enabled performance assessment of the clinical applicability of oncopanels. In addition, this dataset present sample opportunities for developing specific and robust bioinformatics pipelines and fine-tuning parameters for more accurate variant calling, investigating ideal sequencing depth for variant calling of a given minimum VAF and variant type, and also recommending best use cases for Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI) technology.
CAN-SAR: A database of Canadian species at risk information
Authors: Naujokaitis-Lewis Ilona , Endicott Sarah , Guezen Jessica M.
Published: June 2022

Threatened species lists describe the conservation status of species and are key tools used to inform decisions for biodiversity conservation. These lists are rich in information obtained during status assessment and recovery planning processes, ranging from biological attributes to actions that support recovery. Data compiled from species lists allow for analyses, including assessing trends in threats, prioritizing actions, and identifying barriers to achieving recovery objectives. For legally protected species at risk of extinction in Canada, such analyses are challenging owing to a lack of comprehensive and accessible data reflecting information compiled from listing and recovery documents. To encourage ongoing synthesis and minimise duplication of efforts, we initiated CAN-SAR: a database of Canadian Species at Risk information. This transparent, open-access, and searchable database contains information transcribed from listing documents, including listing date, and derived variables. Derived variables required interpretation for which we developed standardised criteria to record information, including classification of recovery actions. The CAN-SAR database is updateable, and will contribute towards improved recovery planning to safeguard species of conservation concern.
A global database of woody tissue carbon concentrations
Authors: Doraisami Mahendra , Kish Rosalyn , Paroshy Nicholas J. , Domke Grant M. , Thomas Sean C. , Martin Adam R.
Published: June 2022

Woody tissue carbon (C) concentration is a key wood trait necessary for accurately estimating forest C stocks and fluxes, which also varies widely across species and biomes. However, coarse approximations of woody tissue C (e.g., 50%) remain commonplace in forest C estimation and reporting protocols, despite leading to substantial errors in forest C estimates. Here, we describe the Global Woody Tissue Carbon Concentration Database (GLOWCAD): a database containing 3,676 individual records of woody tissue C concentrations from 864 tree species. Woody tissue C concentration data—i.e., the mass of C per unit dry mass—were obtained from live and dead woody tissues from 130 peer-reviewed sources published between 1980–2020. Auxiliary data for each observation include tissue type, as well as decay class and size characteristics for dead wood. In GLOWCAD, 1,242 data points are associated with geographic coordinates, and are therefore presented alongside 46 standardized bioclimatic variables extracted from climate databases. GLOWCAD represents the largest available woody tissue C concentration database, and informs studies on forest C estimation, as well as analyses evaluating the extent, causes, and consequences of inter- and intraspecific variation in wood chemical traits.
Pancreatic cancer cells spectral library by DIA-MS and the phenotype analysis of gemcitabine sensitivity
Authors: Kong Ran , Qian Xiaohong , Ying Wantao
Published: June 2022

Data-independent acquisition (DIA)-mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteome strategies are increasingly used for detecting and validating protein biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Here, based on an in-depth proteome analysis of seven pancreatic cancer cell lines, we built a pancreas-specific mass spectrum library containing 10633 protein groups and 184551 peptides. The proteome difference among the seven pancreatic cancer cells was significant, especially for the divergent expression of proteins related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The spectra library was applied to explore the proteome difference of PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells upon gemcitabine (GEM) treatment, and potential GEM targets were identified. The cytotoxicity test and GEM target analysis found that HPAC, CFPAC-1, and BxPC-3 were sensitive to GEM treatment, whereas PANC-1 and AsPC-1 were resistant. Finally, we found EMT was significant for CFPAC-1, AsPC-1, and PANC-1 cells, whereas BxPC-3 and HPAC cells showed more typical epithelial features. This library provides a valuable resource for in-depth proteomic analysis on pancreatic cancer cell lines, meeting the urgent demands for cell line-dependent protein differences and targeted drug analysis.
Clarifying the taxonomy of some cryptic blennies (Blenniidae) in their native and introduced range
Authors: Cabezas M. Pilar , Lasso-Alcalá Oscar M. , Quintero-T Elena , Xavier Raquel , Giarrizzo Tommaso , Nunes Jorge L. S. , Machado Fabiola S. , Gómez Jesús , Silva Pedroza Wellington , Jowers Michael J.
Published: June 2022

Omobranchus punctatus is native to the Indo-Pacific region and invasive in the Atlantic region, currently being considered one of the most widely distributed blenny species. However, recent molecular studies indicated that O. punctatus is a complex of species, with three divergent mtDNA lineages identified to date, stressing the need for a taxonomic revision. In this study, we used an integrative approach, combining morphological and genetic data, to shed light on the taxonomy and distribution of O. punctatus. Moreover, we provide the first genetic records of introduced populations in Brazil and discuss the introduction pattern of this species in this region. Morphological data shows that O. punctatus consists of at least five distinct and geographically restricted species: O. punctatus sensu stricto, O. dispar, O. sewalli, O. cf. kochi, and O. cf. japonicus. Species delimitation analyses performed using the mtDNA data available confirmed that O. punctatus sensu stricto, O. dispar and O. sewalli correspond to different species that started to diverge about 2.6 Mya. Furthermore, O. sewalli was identified as the invasive species colonizing Atlantic shores. The existence of historical oceanographic barriers, such as the emergence of the Sunda Shelf in the Eastern Indian Ocean during the Pleistocene, and the biological traits of these blennies are the most likely factors responsible for their genetic differentiation and subsequent speciation.
Predicting compressive strength of high-performance concrete with high volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag replacement using boosting machine learning algorithms
Authors: Rathakrishnan Vimal , Bt. Beddu Salmia , Ahmed Ali Najah
Published: June 2022

Predicting the compressive strength of concrete is a complicated process due to the heterogeneous mixture of concrete and high variable materials. Researchers have predicted the compressive strength of concrete for various mixes using machine learning and deep learning models. In this research, compressive strength of high-performance concrete with high volume ground granulated blast-furnace slag replacement is predicted using boosting machine learning (BML) algorithms, namely, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, CatBoost Regressor, Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), Adaboost Regressor, and Extreme Gradient Boosting. In these studies, the BML model’s performance is evaluated based on prediction accuracy and prediction error rates, i.e., R2, MSE, RMSE, MAE, RMSLE, and MAPE. Additionally, the BML models were further optimised with Random Search algorithms and compared to BML models with default hyperparameters. Comparing all 5 BML models, the GBR model shows the highest prediction accuracy with R2 of 0.96 and lowest model error with MAE and RMSE of 2.73 and 3.40, respectively for test dataset. In conclusion, the GBR model are the best performing BML for predicting the compressive strength of concrete with the highest prediction accuracy, and lowest modelling error.
Identification of bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Voiriot Guillaume , Dorgham Karim , Bachelot Guillaume , Fajac Anne , Morand-Joubert Laurence , Parizot Christophe , Gerotziafas Grigorios , Farabos Dominique , Trugnan Germain , Eguether Thibaut , Blayau Clarisse , Djibré Michel , Elabbadi Alexandre , Gibelin Aude , Labbé Vincent , Parrot Antoine , Turpin Matthieu , Cadranel Jacques , Gorochov Guy , Fartoukh Muriel , Lamazière Antonin
Published: June 2022

The local immune-inflammatory response elicited by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is still poorly described, as well as the extent to which its characteristics may be associated with the outcome of critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this prospective monocenter study, all consecutive COVID-19 critically ill patients admitted from February to December 2020 and explored by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were included. Biological assays, including digital ELISA cytokine profiling and targeted eicosanoid metabolomic analysis, were performed on paired blood and BAL fluid (BALF). Clinical outcome was assessed through the World Health Organization 10-point Clinical Progression Scale (WHO-CPS) at the 28th day (D28) following the admission to intensive care unit. A D28-WHO-CPS value higher than 5 defined a poor outcome. Seventy-six patients were included, 45 (59%) had a poor day-28 outcome. As compared to their counterparts, patients with D28-WHO-CPS > 5 exhibited a neutrophil-predominant bronchoalveolar phenotype, with a higher BALF neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, a blunted local type I interferon response, a decompartimentalized immune-inflammatory response illustrated by lower BALF/blood ratio of concentrations of IL-6 (1.68 [0.30–4.41] vs. 9.53 [2.56–19.1]; p = 0.001), IL-10, IL-5, IL-22 and IFN-γ, and a biological profile of vascular endothelial injury illustrated by a higher blood concentration of VEGF and higher blood and/or BALF concentrations of several vasoactive eicosanoids. In critically ill COVID-19 patients, we identified bronchoalveolar and blood immune-inflammatory biomarker signature associated with poor 28-day outcome.
Identifying radiation responsive exon-regions of genes often used for biodosimetry and acute radiation syndrome prediction
Authors: Schüle Simone , Ostheim Patrick , Port Matthias , Abend Michael
Published: June 2022

Gene expression (GE) analysis of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1 is a promising approach for identification of clinically relevant groups (unexposed, low- and high exposed) after radiological/nuclear events. However, results from international biodosimetry exercises have shown differences in dose estimates based on radiation-induced GE of the four genes. Also, differences in GE using next-generation-sequening (NGS) and validation with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was reported. These discrepancies could be caused by radiation-responsive differences among exons of the same gene. We performed GE analysis with qRT-PCR using TaqMan-assays covering all exon-regions of FDXR, DDB2, WNT3 and POU2AF1. Peripheral whole blood from three healthy donors was X-irradiated with 0, 0.5 and 4 Gy. After 24 and 48 h a dose-dependent up-regulation across almost all exon-regions for FDXR and DDB2 (4–42-fold) was found. A down-regulation for POU2AF1 (two- to threefold) and WNT3 (< sevenfold) at the 3’-end was found at 4 Gy irradiation only. Hence, this confirms our hypothesis for radiation-responsive exon-regions for WNT3 and POU2AF1, but not for FDXR and DDB2. Finally, we identified the most promising TaqMan-assays for FDXR (e.g. AR7DTG3, Hs00244586_m1), DDB2 (AR47X6H, Hs03044951_m1), WNT3 (Hs00902258_m1, Hs00902257_m1) and POU2AF1 (Hs01573370_g1, Hs01573371_m1) for biodosimetry purposes and acute radiation syndrome prediction, considering several criteria (detection limit, dose dependency, time persistency, inter-individual variability).