bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital color-coded molecular barcoding reveals dysregulation of common FUS and FMRP targets in soma and neurites of ALS mutant motoneurons
Authors: Garone Maria Giovanna , Salerno Debora , Rosa Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Mutations in RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have been linked to the motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Extensive auto-regulation, cross-regulation, cooperation and competition mechanisms among RBPs are in place to ensure proper expression levels of common targets, often including other RBPs and their own transcripts. Moreover, several RBPs play a crucial role in the nervous system by localizing target RNAs in specific neuronal compartments. These include the RBPs FUS, FMRP, and HuD. ALS mutations in a given RBP are predicted to produce a broad impact on such delicate equilibrium. Here we studied the effects of the severe FUS-P525L mutation on common FUS and FMRP targets. Expression profiling by digital color-coded molecular barcoding in cell bodies and neurites of human iPSC-derived motor neurons revealed altered levels of transcripts involved in the cytoskeleton, neural projection and synapses. One of the common targets is HuD, which is upregulated because of the loss of FMRP binding to its 3′UTR due to mutant FUS competition. Notably, many genes are commonly altered upon FUS mutation or HuD overexpression, suggesting that a substantial part of the effects of mutant FUS on the motor neuron transcriptome could be due to HuD gain-of-function. Among altered transcripts, we also identified other common FUS and FMRP targets, namely MAP1B, PTEN, and AP2B1, that are upregulated upon loss of FMRP binding on their 3’UTR in FUS-P525L motor neurons. This work demonstrates that the impairment of FMRP function by mutant FUS might alter the expression of several genes, including new possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ALS.
Validation of the German version of the Protein Screener 55+
Authors: Kiesswetter Eva , Siebentritt Hanna M. , Schoene Daniel , Kob Robert , Freiberger Ellen , Sieber Cornel C. , Visser Marjolein , Wijnhoven Hanneke A. H. , Volkert Dorothee
Published: January 2023

Background/Objectives

The Protein Screener 55 + (Pro55 + ) is a brief food questionnaire to screen older community-dwelling adults for low protein intake. The result is the predicted probability of protein intake <1.0 g/kg adjusted body weight (aBW)/d ranging from 0–1. For purposes of cross-cultural validation, we translated the Pro55+ into German and tested its discriminative accuracy in detecting low protein intake of older community-dwelling people in Germany.

Subjects/Methods

After translation and pilot-testing, the Pro55+ and the reference standard (3-day dietary record) were completed by 144 participants (81.6 ± 3.9 years, 61.8% female). Discriminative properties were tested by receiver operating characteristic curves and by calculating sensitivity and specificity for different cut-offs of predicted probability (>0.3/>0.5/>0.7) using <1.0 or <0.8 g/kg aBW/d to define low protein intake.

Results

Protein intake was <1.0 g/kg aBW/d in 39.6% of the sample and <0.8 g/kg aBW/d in 17.4%. Area under the curve was 62.0% (95%CI 52.6–71.5) and 68.8% (58.1–79.4), respectively. Specificity was 82–90% using probability cut-offs of 0.5 and 0.7 for both protein thresholds. Sensitivity was poor for protein threshold of 1.0 g/kg aBW/d regardless of the used probability cut-offs. For protein threshold of <0.8 g/kg aBW/d, sensitivity was 88.0% (71.8–96.9) using a probability cut-off of 0.09.

Conclusion

The overall discriminative accuracy of the German Pro55+ to identify older community-dwelling people with low protein intake was poor. However, applying different probability cut-offs allows increasing specificity and sensitivity for 0.8 g/kg aBW/d to levels justifying the use for certain purposes e.g. excluding individuals with adequate protein intake. Further validation is needed.
Novel WNT10A variant in a Japanese case of nonsyndromic oligodontia
Authors: Adachi Junya , Aoki Yoshihiko , Izumi Hiroto , Nishiyama Takeshi , Nakayama Atsuo , Sana Masatoshi , Morimoto Kyoko , Kaetsu Atsuo , Shirozu Takamasa , Osumi Eriko , Matsuoka Michiko , Hayakawa Eri , Maeda Nasel , Machida Junichiro , Nagao Toru , Tokita Yoshihito
Published: January 2023

Congenital tooth agenesis is one of the most common anomalies in humans. Many genetic factors are involved in tooth development, including MSX1, PAX9, WNT10A, and LRP6. Thus, mutations in these genes can cause congenital tooth agenesis in humans. In this study, we identified a novel nonsense WNT10A variant, NM_025216.3(WNT10A_v001):c.1090A > T, which produces a C-terminal truncated gene product, p.(Lys364*), in a sporadic form of congenital tooth agenesis. The variant was not found in the healthy parents and thus was considered to cause congenital tooth agenesis in the case.
Efficient pure blue hyperfluorescence devices utilizing quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor type of thermally activated delayed fluorescence sensitizers
Authors: Lee Hyuna , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Muruganantham Subramanian , Jeon Chae Yeon , Lee Hyun Seung , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: January 2023

The hyperfluorescence (HF) system has drawn great attention in display technology. However, the energy loss mechanism by low reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC) and the Dexter energy transfer (DET) channel is still challenging. Here, we demonstrate that this can be mitigated by the quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitizer materials, DBA-DmICz and DBA-DTMCz. Further, the HF device with DBA-DTMCz andν-DABNA exhibited 43.9% of high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) with the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.12, 0.16). The efficiency values recorded for the device are among the highest reported for HF devices. Such high efficiency is assisted by hindered DET process through i) highkRISC, and ii) shielded lowest unoccupied molecular orbital with the presence of two donors in D-A-D type of skeleton. Our current study provides an effective way of designing TADF sensitizer for future HF technology.
Observation of electronic modes in open cavity resonator
Authors: Jung Hwanchul , Park Dongsung T. , Lee Seokyeong , Kim Uhjin , Yang Chanuk , Kim Jehyun , Umansky V. , Kim Dohun , Sim H.-S. , Chung Yunchul , Choi Hyoungsoon , Choi Hyung Kook
Published: January 2023

The resemblance between electrons and optical waves has strongly driven the advancement of mesoscopic physics, evidenced by the widespread use of terms such as fermion or electron optics. However, electron waves have yet to be understood in open cavity structures which have provided contemporary optics with rich insight towards non-Hermitian systems and complex interactions between resonance modes. Here, we report the realization of an open cavity resonator in a two-dimensional electronic system. We studied the resonant electron modes within the cavity and resolved the signatures of longitudinal and transverse quantization, showing that the modes are robust despite the cavity being highly coupled to the open background continuum. The transverse modes were investigated by applying a controlled deformation to the cavity, and their spatial distributions were further analyzed using magnetoconductance measurements and numerical simulation. These results lay the groundwork to exploring matter waves in the context of modern optical frameworks.
Milankovitch-paced erosion in the southern Central Andes
Authors: Fisher G. Burch , Luna Lisa V. , Amidon William H. , Burbank Douglas W. , de Boer Bas , Stap Lennert B. , Bookhagen Bodo , Godard Vincent , Oskin Michael E. , Alonso Ricardo N. , Tuenter Erik , Lourens Lucas J.
Published: January 2023

It has long been hypothesized that climate can modify both the pattern and magnitude of erosion in mountainous landscapes, thereby controlling morphology, rates of deformation, and potentially modulating global carbon and nutrient cycles through weathering feedbacks. Although conceptually appealing, geologic evidence for a direct climatic control on erosion has remained ambiguous owing to a lack of high-resolution, long-term terrestrial records and suitable field sites. Here we provide direct terrestrial field evidence for long-term synchrony between erosion rates and Milankovitch-driven, 400-kyr eccentricity cycles using a Plio-Pleistocene cosmogenic radionuclide paleo-erosion rate record from the southern Central Andes. The observed climate-erosion coupling across multiple orbital cycles, when combined with results from the intermediate complexity climate model CLIMBER-2, are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively modest fluctuations in precipitation can cause synchronous and nonlinear responses in erosion rates as landscapes adjust to ever-evolving hydrologic boundary conditions imposed by oscillating climate regimes.
Design and characterization of a protein fold switching network
Authors: Ruan Biao , He Yanan , Chen Yingwei , Choi Eun Jung , Chen Yihong , Motabar Dana , Solomon Tsega , Simmerman Richard , Kauffman Thomas , Gallagher D. Travis , Orban John , Bryan Philip N.
Published: January 2023

To better understand how amino acid sequence encodes protein structure, we engineered mutational pathways that connect three common folds (3α, β−grasp, and α/β−plait). The structures of proteins at high sequence-identity intersections in the pathways (nodes) were determined using NMR spectroscopy and analyzed for stability and function. To generate nodes, the amino acid sequence encoding a smaller fold is embedded in the structure of an ~50% larger fold and a new sequence compatible with two sets of native interactions is designed. This generates protein pairs with a 3α or β−grasp fold in the smaller form but an α/β−plait fold in the larger form. Further, embedding smaller antagonistic folds creates critical states in the larger folds such that single amino acid substitutions can switch both their fold and function. The results help explain the underlying ambiguity in the protein folding code and show that new protein structures can evolve via abrupt fold switching.
Concomitant analyses of intratumoral microbiota and genomic features reveal distinct racial differences in breast cancer
Authors: Parida Sheetal , Siddharth Sumit , Xia Yuqing , Sharma Dipali
Published: January 2023

Racial disparities are most accentuated among Black women as their lifetime risk of breast cancer incidence is lower than white and Asian women but their breast cancer related mortality is the highest among all races. Black women are more likely to develop triple-negative breast cancer at a younger age and harbor more aggressive tumors. In addition to tumor-centric alterations, tumor growth is also influenced by multiple other tumor microenvironment-related features, including resident immune cells and microbiota. Hence, in this study, we conduct concurrent genomic and metagenomic analyses, and uncover distinctive intratumoral microbial community compositions and tumor immune microenvironment-related traits in breast tumors from Asian, Black and white women. Interestingly, unique racially associated genomic nodes are found in the breast tumors from Asian, Black and white women. Examination of the cellular heterogeneity show differential enrichment of 11 out of 64 immune and stroma cell types in the breast tumors from different racial groups. In terms of microbial diversity, significant differences are revealed in alpha and beta-diversity measures. Intriguingly, potential race-specific microbial biomarkers of breast cancer are identified which significantly correlate with genes involved with tumor aggressiveness, angiogenesis, tumor cell migration and metastasis as well as oncogenic pathways-GLI and Notch. Investigating the metabolic features of intratumoral microbes, we find a significant differential enrichment of environmental information processing pathways, oncogenic pathways, and lipid metabolism pathways. Concomitantly investigating tumor-centric, tumor immune microenvironment-related and microbial alterations, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of racial disparities in breast cancer and warrants further exploration.
Photoswitching neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Tran Ngoc Trung , Grabicki Niklas , Irran Elisabeth , Dumele Oliver , Teichert Johannes F.
Published: January 2023

Homoaromatic compounds possess an interruptedπsystem but display aromatic properties due to through-space or through-bond interactions. Stable neutral homoaromatic hydrocarbons have remained rare and are typically unstable. Here we present the preparation of a class of stable neutral homoaromatic molecules, supported by experimental evidence (ring current observed by NMR spectroscopy and equalization of bond lengths by X-ray structure analysis) and computational analysis via nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID). We also show that one homoaromatic hydrocarbon is a photoswitch through a reversible photochemical [1, 11] sigmatropic rearrangement. Our computational analysis suggests that, upon photoswitching, the nature of the homoaromatic state changes in its perimeter from a more pronounced local 6πhomoaromatic state to a global 10πhomoaromatic state. These demonstrations of stable and accessible homoaromatic neutral hydrocarbons and their photoswitching behaviour provide new understanding and insights into the study of homoconjugative interactions in organic molecules, and for the design of new responsive molecular materials.
Urban scaling laws arise from within-city inequalities
Authors: Arvidsson Martin , Lovsjö Niclas , Keuschnigg Marc
Published: January 2023

Theories of urban scaling have demonstrated remarkable predictive accuracy at aggregate levels. However, they have overlooked the stark inequalities that exist within cities. Human networking and productivity exhibit heavy-tailed distributions, with some individuals contributing disproportionately to city totals. Here we use micro-level data from Europe and the United States on interconnectivity, productivity and innovation in cities. We find that the tails of within-city distributions and their growth by city size account for 36–80% of previously reported scaling effects, and 56–87% of the variance in scaling between indicators of varying economic complexity. Providing explanatory depth to these findings, we identify a mechanism—city size-dependent cumulative advantage—that constitutes an important channel through which differences in the size of tails emerge. Our findings demonstrate that urban scaling is in large part a story about inequality in cities, implying that the causal processes underlying the heavier tails in larger cities must be considered in explanations of urban scaling. This result also shows that agglomeration effects benefit urban elites the most, with the majority of city dwellers partially excluded from the socio-economic benefits of growing cities.
A universal deep-learning model for zinc finger design enables transcription factor reprogramming
Authors: Ichikawa David M. , Abdin Osama , Alerasool Nader , Kogenaru Manjunatha , Mueller April L. , Wen Han , Giganti David O. , Goldberg Gregory W. , Adams Samantha , Spencer Jeffrey M. , Razavi Rozita , Nim Satra , Zheng Hong , Gionco Courtney , Clark Finnegan T. , Strokach Alexey , Hughes Timothy R. , Lionnet Timothee , Taipale Mikko , Kim Philip M. , Noyes Marcus B.
Published: January 2023

Cys2His2 zinc finger (ZF) domains engineered to bind specific target sequences in the genome provide an effective strategy for programmable regulation of gene expression, with many potential therapeutic applications. However, the structurally intricate engagement of ZF domains with DNA has made their design challenging. Here we describe the screening of 49 billion protein–DNA interactions and the development of a deep-learning model, ZFDesign, that solves ZF design for any genomic target. ZFDesign is a modern machine learning method that models global and target-specific differences induced by a range of library environments and specifically takes into account compatibility of neighboring fingers using a novel hierarchical transformer architecture. We demonstrate the versatility of designed ZFs as nucleases as well as activators and repressors by seamless reprogramming of human transcription factors. These factors could be used to upregulate an allele of haploinsufficiency, downregulate a gain-of-function mutation or test the consequence of regulation of a single gene as opposed to the many genes that a transcription factor would normally influence.
APOBEC mutagenesis is a common process in normal human small intestine
Authors: Wang Yichen , Robinson Philip S. , Coorens Tim H. H. , Moore Luiza , Lee-Six Henry , Noorani Ayesha , Sanders Mathijs A. , Jung Hyunchul , Katainen Riku , Heuschkel Robert , Brunton-Sim Roxanne , Weston Robyn , Read Debbie , Nobbs Beverley , Fitzgerald Rebecca C. , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Martincorena Iñigo , Campbell Peter J. , Rushbrook Simon , Zilbauer Matthias , Buczacki Simon James Alexander , Stratton Michael R.
Published: January 2023

APOBEC mutational signatures SBS2 and SBS13 are common in many human cancer types. However, there is an incomplete understanding of its stimulus, when it occurs in the progression from normal to cancer cell and the APOBEC enzymes responsible. Here we whole-genome sequenced 342 microdissected normal epithelial crypts from the small intestines of 39 individuals and found that SBS2/SBS13 mutations were present in 17% of crypts, more frequent than most other normal tissues. Crypts with SBS2/SBS13 often had immediate crypt neighbors without SBS2/SBS13, suggesting that the underlying cause of SBS2/SBS13 is cell-intrinsic. APOBEC mutagenesis occurred in an episodic manner throughout the human lifespan, including in young children. APOBEC1 mRNA levels were very high in the small intestine epithelium, but low in the large intestine epithelium and other tissues. The results suggest that the high levels of SBS2/SBS13 in the small intestine are collateral damage from APOBEC1 fulfilling its physiological function of editing APOB mRNA.
EGOC inhibits TOROID polymerization by structurally activating TORC1
Authors: Prouteau Manoël , Bourgoint Clélia , Felix Jan , Bonadei Lenny , Sadian Yashar , Gabus Caroline , Savvides Savvas N. , Gutsche Irina , Desfosses Ambroise , Loewith Robbie
Published: January 2023

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a protein kinase controlling cell homeostasis and growth in response to nutrients and stresses. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucose depletion triggers a redistribution of TORC1 from a dispersed localization over the vacuole surface into a large, inactive condensate called TOROID (TORC1 organized in inhibited domains). However, the mechanisms governing this transition have been unclear. Here, we show that acute depletion and repletion of EGO complex (EGOC) activity is sufficient to control TOROID distribution, independently of other nutrient-signaling pathways. The 3.9-Å-resolution structure of TORC1 from TOROID cryo-EM data together with interrogation of key interactions in vivo provide structural insights into TORC1-TORC1′ and TORC1-EGOC interaction interfaces. These data support a model in which glucose-dependent activation of EGOC triggers binding to TORC1 at an interface required for TOROID assembly, preventing TORC1 polymerization and promoting release of active TORC1.
Feature-rich multiplex lexical networks reveal mental strategies of early language learning
Authors: Citraro Salvatore , Vitevitch Michael S. , Stella Massimo , Rossetti Giulio
Published: January 2023

Knowledge in the human mind exhibits a dualistic vector/network nature. Modelling words as vectors is key to natural language processing, whereas networks of word associations can map the nature of semantic memory. We reconcile these paradigms—fragmented across linguistics, psychology and computer science—by introducing FEature-Rich MUltiplex LEXical (FERMULEX) networks. This novel framework merges structural similarities in networks and vector features of words, which can be combined or explored independently. Similarities model heterogenous word associations across semantic/syntactic/phonological aspects of knowledge. Words are enriched with multi-dimensional feature embeddings including frequency, age of acquisition, length and polysemy. These aspects enable unprecedented explorations of cognitive knowledge. Through CHILDES data, we use FERMULEX networks to model normative language acquisition by 1000 toddlers between 18 and 30 months. Similarities and embeddings capture word homophily via conformity, which measures assortative mixing via distance and features. Conformity unearths a language kernel of frequent/polysemous/short nouns and verbs key for basic sentence production, supporting recent evidence of children’s syntactic constructs emerging at 30 months. This kernel is invisible to network core-detection and feature-only clustering: It emerges from the dual vector/network nature of words. Our quantitative analysis reveals two key strategies in early word learning. Modelling word acquisition as random walks on FERMULEX topology, we highlight non-uniform filling of communicative developmental inventories (CDIs). Biased random walkers lead to accurate (75%), precise (55%) and partially well-recalled (34%) predictions of early word learning in CDIs, providing quantitative support to previous empirical findings and developmental theories.
Neuronal chemokine concentration gradients mediate effects of embryonic ethanol exposure on ectopic hypocretin/orexin neurons and behavior in zebrafish
Authors: Collier Adam D. , Yasmin Nushrat , Karatayev Olga , Abdulai Abdul R. , Yu Boyi , Khalizova Nailya , Fam Milisia , Leibowitz Sarah F.
Published: January 2023

Embryonic ethanol exposure in zebrafish and rats, while stimulating hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) neurons along with alcohol consumption and related behaviors, increases the chemokine receptor Cxcr4 that promotes neuronal migration and may mediate ethanol’s effects on neuronal development. Here we performed a more detailed anatomical analysis in zebrafish of ethanol’s effects on the Cxcl12a/Cxcr4b system throughout the entire brain as it relates to Hcrt neurons developing within the anterior hypothalamus (AH) where they are normally located. We found that ethanol increased these Hcrt neurons only in the anterior part of the AH and induced ectopic Hcrt neurons further anterior in the preoptic area, and these effects along with ethanol-induced behaviors were completely blocked by a Cxcr4 antagonist. Analysis of cxcl12a transcripts and internalized Cxcr4b receptors throughout the brain showed they both exhibited natural posterior-to-anterior concentration gradients, with levels lowest in the posterior AH and highest in the anterior telencephalon. While stimulating their density in all areas and maintaining these gradients, ethanol increased chemokine expression only in the more anterior and ectopic Hcrt neurons, effects blocked by the Cxcr4 antagonist. These findings demonstrate how increased chemokine expression acting along natural gradients mediates ethanol-induced anterior migration of ectopic Hcrt neurons and behavioral disturbances.
Using size-weight relationships to estimate biomass of heavily targeted aquarium corals by Australia’s coral harvest fisheries
Authors: Pacey Kai I. , Caballes Ciemon F. , Pratchett Morgan S.
Published: January 2023

Coral reefs are highly threatened environs subject to ongoing unprecedented degradation as a result of anthropogenic activities. Given the existential threat to coral reef ecosystems, extractive industries that make use of coral reef resources, are facing significant public and political pressure to quantify and justify their environmental impact. In Australia, hundreds of thousands of live scleractinian (hard) corals are harvested annually directly from the wild to supply the growing international marine aquarium trade. Many of the most popular and high value aquarium corals are believed to be slow growing, which would make them particularly vulnerable to over-fishing. Corals present a number of unique challenges for fisheries management, not least of which, is the marked variation in the size of corals, which may be harvested in whole or in part. This issue is further compounded because harvest limits are typically weight-based, but there is very limited information on the standing biomass of corals in targeted stocks. Herein, we describe size-weight relationships for some of Australia’s most heavily targeted coral species (Catalaphyllia jardinei, Duncanopsammia axifuga, Euphyllia glabrescens, Homophyllia cf. australis, Micromussa lordhowensis, Trachyphyllia geoffroyi), which allows estimation of standing biomass from transect surveys. This work represents an important first step in the development of ecologically sound management strategies by bridging the gap between catch reporting and stock assessments.
Rising trends in the predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among Royal Thai Army personnel from 2017 to 2021
Authors: Sakboonyarat Boonsub , Poovieng Jaturon , Jongcherdchootrakul Kanlaya , Srisawat Phutsapong , Hatthachote Panadda , Mungthin Mathirut , Rangsin Ram
Published: January 2023

Deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are becoming a growing threat to global health, including in Thailand. The aim of the present study was to identify the recent trends in the predicted 10-year risk of CVD among Royal Thai Army (RTA) personnel from 2017 to 2021. The predicted 10-year risk for CVD was calculated through the use of the 2008 updated version of the risk algorithm derived from the Framingham Heart Study data. The current study included 346,355 active-duty RTA personnel aged 30–60 years. The age- and sex-adjusted mean of the predicted 10-year risk for CVD significantly increased from 10.8% (95% CI: 10.8–10.9%) in 2017 to 11.7% (95% CI: 11.6–11.7%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of intermediate-to-high predicted 10-year risk for CVD remarkably surged from 24.9% (95% CI: 24.4–25.4%) in 2017 to 29.5% (95% CI: 29.0–30.0%) in 2021 (p for trend < 0.001). The modifiable risk factors for CVD, including high systolic blood pressure, high body mass index, and current smoking in this population, should be alleviated to mitigate the risk for CVD in the future.
Production of diamond using intense heavy ion beams at the FAIR facility and application to planetary physics
Authors: Tahir Naeem Ahmad , Bagnoud Vincent , Neumayer Paul , Piriz Antonio Roberto , Piriz Sofia Ayelen
Published: January 2023

Diamonds are supposedly abundantly present in different objects in the Universe including meteorites, carbon-rich stars as well as carbon-rich extrasolar planets. Moreover, the prediction that in deep layers of Uranus and Neptune, methane may undergo a process of phase separation into diamond and hydrogen, has been experimentally verified. In particular, high power lasers have been used to study this problem. It is therefore important from the point of view of astrophysics and planetary physics, to further study the production processes of diamond in the laboratory. In the present paper, we present numerical simulations of implosion of a solid carbon sample using an intense uranium beam that is to be delivered by the heavy ion synchrotron, SIS100, that is under construction at the Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR), at Darmstadt. These calculations show that using our proposed experimental scheme, one can generate the extreme pressure and temperature conditions, necessary to produce diamonds of mm3 dimensions.
Oceanic SACZ produces an abnormally wet 2021/2022 rainy season in South America
Authors: Pezzi Luciano P. , Quadro Mario F. L. , Souza Everaldo B. , Miller Arthur J. , Rao Vadlamudi B. , Rosa Eliana B. , Santini Marcelo F. , Bender Andréia , Souza Ronald B. , Cabrera Mylene J. , Parise Claudia K. , Carvalho Jonas T. , Lima Luciana S. , de Quadros Maria Rita L. , Nehme Douglas M. , António Jaime F.
Published: January 2023

The oceanic South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) has played a major role during South America’s 2021/2022 summer extreme rainy season, being responsible for more than 90% of the precipitation in some regions of Southeast Brazil and in some regions of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA). The summer of 2021/2022 was unique and rare and considered an abnormally humid season as verified by official Brazilian Institutes. First, the unusual number of cases of SACZ episodes (seven), was the highest recorded in the last decade. Second, all the cases that occurred were oceanic SACZ that assumed characteristics of an Atmospheric River and produced an excessively anomalous amount of precipitation during this period. Excess precipitation along with the regions located in mountainous and very uneven relief, which by orographic effects favors high precipitation volumes, were responsible for amplifying the observed impacts, such as landslides and floods that caused several losses to society. We also showed the main effects of coupling and interaction between the waters of the surface layer of the SWA and the atmosphere. Our learning from this study ends with the unprecedented results of how the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) is locally modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST) that lies just below it. Until the present moment, we emphasize that this important mechanism has not been widely highlighted in the literature, showing that even though the ocean is colder than before oceanic SACZ is established, it is still warmer than the overlying air, thus, the ocean continues to be an active source of heat and moisture for the atmosphere and enhances the MABL instability process.
Adaptive resistance to lorlatinib via EGFR signaling in ALK-rearranged lung cancer
Authors: Katayama Yuki , Yamada Tadaaki , Tanimura Keiko , Tokuda Shinsaku , Morimoto Kenji , Hirai Soichi , Matsui Yohei , Nakamura Ryota , Ishida Masaki , Kawachi Hayato , Yoneda Kazue , Hosoya Kazutaka , Tsuji Takahiro , Ozasa Hiroaki , Yoshimura Akihiro , Iwasaku Masahiro , Kim Young Hak , Horinaka Mano , Sakai Toshiyuki , Utsumi Takahiro , Shiotsu Shinsuke , Takeda Takayuki , Katayama Ryohei , Takayama Koichi
Published: January 2023

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors rarely elicit complete responses in patients with advanced ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as a small population of tumor cells survives due to adaptive resistance. Therefore, we focused on the mechanisms underlying adaptive resistance to lorlatinib and therapeutic strategies required to overcome them. We found that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling was involved in the adaptive resistance to lorlatinib in ALK-rearranged NSCLC, activation of which was induced by heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor production via c-Jun activation. EGFR inhibition halted ALK-rearranged lung cancer cell proliferation by enhancing ALK inhibition-induced apoptosis via suppression of Bcl-xL. Xenograft models showed that the combination of EGFR inhibitor and lorlatinib considerably suppressed tumor regrowth following cessation of these treatments. This study provides new insights regarding tumor evolution due to EGFR signaling after lorlatinib treatment and the development of combined therapeutic strategies for ALK-rearranged lung cancer.
A portable electrochemical sensing platform for serotonin detection based on surface-modified carbon fiber microelectrodes
Authors: Han Jinjing , Stine Justin M. , Chapin Ashley A. , Ghodssi Reza
Published: January 2023

We developed a novel electrochemical sensing platform consisting of a surface-modified carbon-fiber microelectrode and portable potentiostat electronics for rapid serotonin (5-HT) detection in artificial biological fluids.
Aggregation emission of AuNCs induced by chitosan self-assembled multilayers and sensitive sensing for water content in ethanol
Authors: Sun Xiangying , Zhang Xuefeng , Li Fang
Published: January 2023

Schematic illustration of fabrication strategy and fluorescence spectra of Quartz/(PDDA/PSS)2/PDDA/AuNCs SAMs (black line) and Quartz/(PDDA/PSS)2/Cs/AuNCs SAMs (red line).
A diphosphoramidite ligand for hydroformylation of various olefins
Authors: Li Cheng , Li Siqi , Liang Haoran , Fu Haiyan , Chen Hua
Published: January 2023

A new rotationally hindered diphosphoramidite ligand has been applied to the Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of various olefins.
Crystalline heaviest pnictogen-dipyrromethenes: isolation, characterization, and reactivity
Authors: Liu Chen , Dai Yuyang , Han Qiqi , Liu Chunmeng , Su Yuanting
Published: January 2023

The facile synthesis, full characterizations, and reductive reactions of the heaviest pnictogen-dipyrromethenes have been reported herein.
Revealing the atomic-scale configuration modulation effect of boron dopant on carbon layers for H2O2production
Authors: Lu Xuyun , Liu Xiaozhi , Li Jianing , Yao Ye , Ma Zhangyu , Chang Yanan , Bao Jianchun , Liu Ying
Published: January 2023

A boron dopant can serve as an atomic-scale microstructure mediator to increase the abundance of active pyrrolic N/carbon sites and carbon graphitization degree, thereby contributing to remarkable electrochemical H2O2production performances.
Ring-shaped self-assembly of a naphthalene-linked chlorophyll dimer
Authors: Ishii Tatsuma , Matsubara Shogo , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Ring-shaped supramolecular polymers were constructed by self-assembly of naphthalene-linked chlorophyll dimers, with the potential of bearing a novel light-harvesting antenna model.
Design and synthesis of a new family of planar and central chiral ferrocenyl phosphine ligands
Authors: Ling Li , Song Zeli , Shan He , Wang Chao , Li Shouting , Wang Yanjiao , Hu Jianfeng , Chen Qian , Zhang Hao , Yang Yong
Published: January 2023

Planar chiral indene-fused ferrocenes were prepared, followed by ferrocenyl phosphines bearing planar and central chiralities. The potential application of these chiral ferrocenyl phosphine ligands is shown using a Pd-catalyzed enantioselective allylic alkylation reaction.
Dicopper(ii) paddle-wheel metal–organic frameworks for high propyne storage under ambient conditions
Authors: Fu Xing-Ping , Shen Ji-Wei , Chen Ling , Zhong De-Xin , Wang Yu-Ling , Liu Qing-Yan
Published: January 2023

Dicopper(ii) metal–organic frameworks constructed from fluorinated ligands exhibit ultra-high propyne storage under ambient conditions, which results from the suitable pore space and strong propyne⋯propyne interactions.
Photoswitchable semiconducting polymer dots for pattern encoding and superresolution imaging
Authors: Yao Zihan , Wang Xiaodong , Liu Jie , Zhou Siyu , Zhang Zhe , He Shuwen , Liu Jing , Wu Changfeng , Fang Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Two photoswitchable polymers are synthesized by incorporating photochromic dithienylethene into main chains, pattern encoding and STORM imaging were realized.
Self-assembled discotics as molecular semiconductors
Authors: De Ritobrata , Pal Santanu Kumar
Published: January 2023

This feature article highlights the recent contributions of self-assembled discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) as efficient charge transport systems in organic electronics, focusing on their molecular design and charge carrier mobilities.
Bimetallic Au@Rh core–shell nanostars with plasmon-enhanced catalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhu Xingzhong , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning
Published: January 2023

Bimetallic Au@Rh core–shell nanostructures exhibit outstanding plasmon-enhanced electrochemical activity and stability, surpassing commercial Pt/C toward the HER.
Nanointerconnect design based on edge fluorinated/hydrogenated zigzag borophene nanoribbons: an ab initio analysis
Authors: Kharwar Saurabh , Singh Sangeeta , Jaiswal Neeraj K. , Mohammed Mustafa K. A.
Published: January 2023

Using ab initio and non-equilibrium Green's function, the effect of hydrogen and fluorine atom passivation on the electronic and transport properties of borophene nanoribbons are explored.
A review of recent advances and applications of machine learning in tribology
Authors: Sose Abhishek T. , Joshi Soumil Y. , Kunche Lakshmi Kumar , Wang Fangxi , Deshmukh Sanket A.
Published: January 2023

This review summarises recent advances in the use of machine learning for predicting friction and wear in tribological systems, material discovery, lubricant design and composite formulation. Potential future applications and areas for further research are also discussed.
Effects of aprotic solvents on the physicochemical properties and ferric ion oxidation activity of iron-based ionic liquids
Authors: Bai Wenxuan , Chen Jinxiang , Liu Fen , Zhang Jingcong , Zhang Xiaodong , Gu Zhiping , Yu Jiang
Published: January 2023

The oxidation activity and solvation effect of iron-based ionic liquid (BmimFeCl4) are significantly affected by the structure and polarity of the added solvents.
Protonation state control of electric field induced molecular switching mechanisms
Authors: Kempfer-Robertson Emily M. , Avdic Irma , Haase Meagan N. , Pike Thomas Dane , Thompson Lee M.
Published: January 2023

Deprotonation and applied external fields modify isomerization pathways by (i) changing isomerization mechanism, (ii) removing the cis-to-trans isomerization barrier, and (iii) increasing the number of energetically-viable isomerization pathways.
A rotational investigation of the three isomeric forms of cyanoethynylbenzene (HCC-C6H4-CN): benchmarking experiments and calculations using the “Lego brick” approach
Authors: Spaniol Jean-Thibaut , Lee Kin Long Kelvin , Pirali Olivier , Puzzarini Cristina , Martin-Drumel Marie-Aline
Published: January 2023

Benchmarking experiments and calculations using the “Lego brick” approach on cyanoethynylbenzene isomers.
Energy-dependent timescales in the dissociation of diiodothiophene dication
Authors: Kukk Edwin , Pihlava Lassi , Kooser Kuno , Stråhlman Christian , Maclot Sylvain , Kivimäki Antti
Published: January 2023

From experimental electron-ion-ion coincidences and simulations, we followed the evolution of three-body fragmentation from secondary towards concerted dissociation as the available energy increased and determined secondary fragmentation times.
1D group V–VI–VII ternary nanowires: moderate band gaps, easy to exfoliate from bulk, and unexpected ferroelectricity
Authors: Zhang Fumin , Chen Weizhen , Zhang Yungeng , Yin Huabing
Published: January 2023

We predicted a series of 1D group V–VI–VII nanowires with moderate band gaps, high electron mobility, and excellent optical properties. The special symmetry endows AsSI and AsSeI nanowires with promising 1D ferroelectricity.
In silico capture and activation of methane with light atom molecules
Authors: Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: January 2023

Methane can be captured and potentially activated with light-atom tripodal ligand systems like [(5-Ph2B-xan-4-)3Si]+, exploiting the C3-symmetry of the host molecules for a maximal stabilization of gaseous CH4.
Towards hydrogen-rich ionic (NH4)(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3) and related molecular NH3BH2NH2BH2NH2BH3
Authors: Owarzany Rafał , Jaroń Tomasz , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Malinowski Przemysław J. , Grochala Wojciech , Fijalkowski Karol J.
Published: January 2023

Synthesis of a mixture of hydrogen-rich compounds: ionic (NH4)(BH3NH2BH2NH2BH3) and molecular NH3BH2NH2BH2NH2BH3, exhibiting 17.8 wt% and 15.9 wt% high hydrogen contents, respectively.
Synthesis of (μ2,η3-allyl-η5-oxapentadienyl)diiron pentacarbonyl complexes, an unusual reaction product from η4-(vinylketene)Fe(CO)3complexes: structure and electron density distribution analysis
Authors: Resendiz-Lara Diego A. , Rosas-Sánchez Alfredo , Hashizume Daisuke , Barquera-Lozada José E. , Toscano R. Alfredo , López-Cortés José G. , Ortega-Alfaro M. Carmen
Published: January 2023

We report the unexpected formation of (μ2,η3-allyl-η5-oxapentadienyl)diiron pentacarbonyl complexes 5a–f and an electron density distribution analysis (EDD) for 5e, using High Resolution X-Ray diffraction data in combination with DFT framework.
A semiconductive copper iodobismuthate hybrid: structure, optical properties and photocurrent response
Authors: Li Jun , Liu Ming-Hui , Shen Hong-Yao , Liu Meng-Zhen , Wu Jin-Ting , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2023

Presented here are the structure, optical properties, photocurrent response and theoretical study of a non-perovskite copper iodobismuthate hybrid, namely, [(Me)2-(DABCO)]2Cu2Bi2I12 (1).
IrI(η4-diene) precatalyst activation by strong bases: formation of an anionic IrIII tetrahydride
Authors: Kisten Paven , Manoury Eric , Lledós Agustí , Whitwood Adrian C. , Lynam Jason M. , Slattery John M. , Duckett Simon B. , Poli Rinaldo
Published: January 2023

Complex [IrCl(COD)(dppe)] yields [IrH4(dppe)]− at 80 °C (or at room T under H2) in the presence of strong base and isopropanol, hinting to the nature the active species in Ir-catalysed hydrogenations and transfer hydrogenations.
The present and potential future of aqueous mercury preservation: a review
Authors: King David C. P. , Watts Michael J. , Hamilton Elliott M. , Mortimer Robert , Kilgour David P. A. , Di Bonito Marcello
Published: January 2023

Solid-phase extraction is potentially a safe alternative to in-field dissolved Hg sampling, particularly in challenging environments.
Emerging investigator series: an instrument to measure and speciate the total reactive nitrogen budget indoors: description and field measurements
Authors: Crilley Leigh R. , Lao Melodie , Salehpoor Leyla , VandenBoer Trevor C.
Published: January 2023

A robust and quantitative instrument that measures total gas-phase reactive nitrogen (tNr) has been developed for indoor air quality surveys. It can focus on NOx, HONO, and NH3 levels indoors, from the complete tNr budget, on timescales of 5–20 min.
Identifying the optimal oxidation state of Cu for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2+ products
Authors: Xu Liang , Feng Jiaqi , Wu Limin , Song Xinning , Tan Xingxing , Zhang Libing , Ma Xiaodong , Jia Shunhan , Du Juan , Chen Aibing , Sun Xiaofu , Han Buxing
Published: January 2023

The optimal Cu oxidation state during CO2 reduction is stabilized and identified by applying a pulsed potential, which shows a C2+ FE of 70.3% with a current density of 24.1 mA cm−2 in an H-type cell.
In-water oxidative Suzuki coupling of arenes and arylboronic acids using H2O2 as a terminal oxidant
Authors: Tian Peilin , Tong Rongbiao
Published: January 2023

The development of a new green oxidative coupling of arenes with aryl boronic acid, alkenes, and alkynes using water as solvent and hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant for the first time is reported.
Seasonal dynamics in structural characteristics within bark stems of cultivated willow (Salix sp.) by NMR and time-gated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dou Jinze , Kögler Martin , Kesari Kavindra Kumar , Pitkänen Leena , Vuorinen Tapani
Published: January 2023

Time gated Raman as a facile spectroscopic non-destructive technique for collecting chemical profile of lignocellulosic biomass.
Metal-free acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling of aldehydes/alcohols with alcohols
Authors: Yang Xiaona , Guo Yunfei , Tong Hong'en , Liu Rongfang , Zhou Rong
Published: January 2023

The first metal-free acceptorless dehydrogenative cross-coupling of aldehydes/alcohols with alcohols to furnish esters has been developed by synergistic catalysis of the organophotocatalyst 4CzIPN and a thiol under blue light irradiation.
Highly active conversion of CO2 to CO on AuCuB materials
Authors: Liu Yuting , Fang Yuan , Yuan Qinghong , Lu Jiaxing , Wang Huan
Published: January 2023

AuCuB-400 exhibited superior FECO. Operando electrochemical Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that incorporating B could tune the electronic structure of AuCu to promote the adsorption of CO intermediates, thus facilitating the conversion of CO2 to CO.
Brama: a new freeware Python software for reduction and imaging of LA-ICP-MS data from U–Pb scans
Authors: Liu Guoqi , Ulrich Thomas , Xia Fei , Xiao Yang
Published: January 2023

A new software, Brama, was used for processing of large amounts of individual low-count data from LA-ICP-MS U–Pb scans. The data processed by the software can be analyzed with Bayesian regression to calculate age and common Pb.
Hardware Trojans based on two-dimensional memtransistors
Authors: Wali Akshay , Ravichandran Harikrishnan , Das Saptarshi
Published: January 2023

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have emerged as a major security threat for integrated circuits (ICs) owing to the involvement of untrustworthy actors in the globally distributed semiconductor supply chain.
Ni foam-supported Zn–Co–Ni ternary oxide nanosheet arrays derived from an MOF precursor with enhanced performances for supercapcitors and Ni–Zn batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Minglun , Jiang Caijiang , Cui Ruyu , Liu Junjie , Chang Xinrong , Ren Bowen , Zhang Jingchao , Huang Liangliang , Zhang Daojun
Published: January 2023

MOF-derived Zn–Co–Ni ternary oxide nanosheet arrays with enhanced performances for supercapcitor and Ni–Zn battery.
New approach for efficient separation of U and Mo using a task-specific ionic liquid from hydrochloric acid medium: extraction and electrochemical investigation
Authors: Pathak Sunita , Srivastava Ashutosh , Biswas Sujoy , Sengupta Arijit
Published: January 2023

This investigation reports the extraction of UO2Cl42− and MoO22+via neutral (R4N)2UO2Cl4 and cationic MoO2(Ph)+ complexes (following ‘solvation’ and ‘cation exchange’ mechanisms), using a task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL).
The effect of tensile strain in Pd–Ni core–shell nanocubes with tuneable shell thickness on urea electrolysis selectivity
Authors: Kim Jeongeon , Medvedeva Xenia , Medvedev Jury J. , Bae Cheongwon , Kim Juyeong , Klinkova Anna
Published: January 2023

The lattice strain effect in Pd–Ni core–shell nanocubes on the selectivity of urea electrolysis is elucidated, which can facilitate catalyst design for efficient urea waste treatment and concomitant cathodic hydrogen production or CO2 reduction.
A new reversible transformation of oxindolylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazine into 3-[(imidazotriazin-3-yl)thio]-2-oxoquinoline-4-carboxylates
Authors: Izmest'ev Alexei N. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Gazieva Galina A.
Published: January 2023

A method for the synthesis of potassium 3-[(imidazotriazin-3-yl)thio]-2-oxoquinoline-4-carboxylates was developed based on a new reversible transformation of oxindolylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazine upon treatment with KOH.
Pre- and post-functionalization of thermoresponsive cationic microgels with ionic liquid moieties carrying different counterions
Authors: Belthle Thomke , Lantzius-Beninga Marcus , Pich Andrij
Published: January 2023

We investigate the effect of different anions on the temperature-dependent solution properties of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) microgels carrying alkylated ionic liquid vinylimidazolium moieties synthesized by a pre- and post-functionalization approach.
Shape-shifting p-cyclophanes as portals to switching, sensing, delivery and logic operations in water
Authors: Yao Chao-Yi , Lin Hong-Yu , Daly Brian , Chen Ze-Qing , Crory Hannah S. N. , Gunaratne H. Q. Nimal , Anslyn Eric V. , de Silva A. Prasanna
Published: January 2023

Switchable cyclophanes allow capture/release of guests to control their properties.
Selective aerobic oxidation of aliphatic aldehydes: the critical role of percarboxylate anion on the selectivity
Authors: Vanoye Laurent , Favre-Réguillon Alain
Published: January 2023

During the aerobic oxidation of aldehydes, peracids accumulate in the reaction mixture and may be decomposed in a non-selective way during workup. Using carboxylate salts, the peracids are selectively transformed into the carboxylic acids in situ.
Free radicals promote electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation
Authors: Wang Zuochao , Liu Jiao , Zhao Huan , Xu Wenxia , Liu Jiaxin , Liu Ziyi , Lai Jianping , Wang Lei
Published: January 2023

In this work, we introduce hydroxyl radicals into the electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) for the first time. Co3O4+ ˙OH shows an excellent NOR performance among Co3O4catalysts in 0.1 M Na2SO4solution.