bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the development of second primary lung cancer in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Xu Fengfeng , Huang tengfei , zhang jinchan , zhang meiqing , quan lin , chen shiyan
Published: April 2024

Objective: Laryngeal cancer is a prevalent form of malignant tumor that often leads to death as a result of the development of a second primary lung cancer. Previous studies have not examined the relationship between these two types of cancer. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the causal mechanism behind the development of second primary lung cancer in individuals with laryngeal cancer using multi-omics approaches.
Methods: The datasets for laryngeal cancer (GSE51985) and lung cancer (GSE102287) were obtained from the GEO. Different genes were performed using the 'limma' package, followed by construction of the PPI network. Enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID, and the NetworkAnalst was utilized to establish transcription factor-miRNA and gene interactions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (ROC analysis) was performed using SPSS to plot the area under the curve (AUC). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-related genes were obtained from the CTD, and relevant genes were screened for metabolic analysis. Additionally, the GSE150321 and GSE127471 datasets from the GEO were used for single-cell RNA analysis and metabolic analysis. Finally, the 'Cibersort' package was employed to assess the infiltration status of 22 different immune cells.
Results: The study found that laryngeal and lung cancers showed higher expression of UBE2C, POLQ, RAD51, and HOXB7, while lower expression was observed for EDNRB, GPD1L, F10, SORBS2, and CXCL12. These genes were mainly enriched in Pathways in cancer, which are closely associated with the cell cycle. Additionally, the study identified 120 TFs and 246 miRNAs that coordinated these shared genes. These genes have potential as diagnostic markers for laryngeal and lung cancers. Metabolic analysis of CXCL12 revealed involvement in inositol phosphate metabolism. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that intermediate monocytes in lung cancer exhibited greater activity and expression of components compared to other cells. However, there was no significant difference in CXCL12-mediated inositol phosphate metabolism in laryngeal cancer. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed a higher proportion of macrophages in laryngeal and lung cancer tissues compared to non-tumor tissues.
Conclusion: We found that gene mutations, transcription factors, and miRNA coordination play a crucial role in this process. Additionally, we found that the cell and immune cells present in the tissues of laryngeal cancer patients contribute to the metabolism of inositol phosphate metabolism, thereby promoting the occurrence of lung cancer.
Correlates of stocking naloxone: A cross sectional survey of community pharmacists
Authors: Laing Rose , Xia Ting , Grist Elizabeth , Dostal Jana , Nielsen Suzanne , Picco Louisa
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Provision of take-home naloxone (THN) and overdose education reduces opioid-related mortality. In Australia, from July 2022, all Australian community pharmacies were eligible to supply naloxone for free through the national Take Home Naloxone Program. This study aims to identify naloxone stocking rates and correlates of stocking naloxone across Australian pharmacies.
Method:
Data was collected from a representative sample of Australian pharmacists in Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia via an online survey. Data collected included pharmacy and pharmacist characteristics and services offered within the pharmacy, including needle and syringe programs, opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and stocking naloxone. Binary probit regression analysis was used to identify correlates of stocking naloxone after controlling for key covariates.
Results:
Data from 530 pharmacists were analysed. In total, 321 pharmacies (60.6%) reported stocking naloxone. Chain and banner pharmacies and pharmacies that provided OAT had a greater probability of stocking naloxone (B = 0.307, 95%CI: [0.057, 0.556], and B = 0.543, 95%CI: [0.308, 0.777] respectively). Most (61.7%) pharmacists felt comfortable discussing overdose prevention with patients who use prescription opioids, and this comfort was associated with a higher probability of stocking naloxone (B = 0.392, 95%CI: 0.128, 0.655). Comfort discussing overdose prevention with people who use illicit opioids was lower (49.4%) and was not associated with stocking naloxone.
Conclusion:
There is scope to increase stocking of naloxone and comfort with overdose prevention, particularly through addressing comfort working with higher risk groups such as people who use illicit opioids.
Public financial management through the prism of UK fiscal policy of 2010-2023
Authors: Shavshukov Viacheslav M. , Verstina Natalia G. , Zhuravleva Natalia A.
Published: April 2024

The study is devoted to the methodological substantiation of fiscal regulation and management instruments in UK macroeconomic policies. UK fiscal policy of 2010–2023 was analyzed. The result of the study is a methodological substantiation of the main directions of fiscal policy. (1) The public debt problem can be resolved through real fiscal consolidation and lowering rates while maintaining the tax base. (2) The prevention of contradictions between monetary, tax, and budget policies has been justified. An alternative is a possibility and necessity of sequestering budget expenditures to reduce public debt as a matter of priority. (3) Markets show that simultaneous tax and budget shocks are unacceptable instead of coordinating fiscal and monetary policies. (4) Based on regression analysis, interrelations between TTCR and the main macroeconomic indicators of the UK were revealed. Statistically significant dependencies between TTCR and GDP growth, quality of life, and labour productivity were confirmed.
Human Bocavirus Circulating in Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis in Taiwan, 2018-2022
Authors: Yu Ya-Chun , Chiu Shu-Chun , Liao Ling-Min , Chen Yu-Hua , Lu Yu-An , Lin Jih-Hui
Published: April 2024

Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been identified as a viral agent with a global presence, especially in young patients with gastrointestinal infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological patterns of the HBoV genotypes associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Taiwan. A total of 2,994 AGE fecal samples from several diarrhea outbreaks from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed. Of them, 73 positive samples were detected in 3 different HBoV genotypes, 30 (41.1%) were from HBoV1, 37 (50.7%) were from HBoV2, and 6 (8.2%) were from HBoV3. HBoV1 and HBoV2 were the 2 major epidemic genotypes in Taiwan during the study period and have seasonal distinct patterns with a epidemic peak from October to the following March. Phylogeny reconstruction and evaluation were implemented in Mega 11, the results revealed that most HBoV1 strains in Taiwan appeared to be closely related to those strains from other Asian countries. The HBoV2 exhibited substantial genetic diversity and the HBoV3 genes showed discordance of groups.
Istradefylline Safety Profiles: Examination of Individual Case Safety Reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database
Authors: Wu Wenhua , Liang Haoxin , Chen Zhengrui , Zhu Shuzhen
Published: April 2024

Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting more than 6 million people annually, and its prevalence is increasing as the population ages. To date, levodopa remains a cornerstone therapy, but prolonged use often leads to complications such as wear-and-tear phenomena and switching phenomena. As an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, Istradefylline, marketed in the United States after approval in 2019, has emerged as an adjunctive therapy to levodopa, aiming to alleviate motor fluctuations and reduce off periods. In this study, post-marketing adverse event (ADE) data related to Istradefylline for Parkinson's disease were reviewed and analyzed using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for clinical safety assessment.
Methods
ADE data linked to Istradefylline were gathered from the fourth quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2023. After standardizing the data, the analysis will be carried out using a range of signal quantification techniques including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), and Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS).
Results
In 3872 ADE reports involving Istradefylline as the primary suspected drug, 65 Preferred Terms (PTs) for adverse reactions were identified, covering 21 different System Organ Classifications (SOCs). Specifically, neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders were the most common Adverse Events (AEs) associated with Istradefylline, both in terms of frequency of occurrence and signal intensity. All of the aforementioned effects are documented in the official drug insert. Among the top 30 PTs in terms of signal intensity, 4 were linked to neurological disorders, 16 to psychiatric disorders, general disorders, administration site conditions, and metabolism and nutrition disorders. The most frequently reported AEs are the most common. The top 3 AEs reported were Parkinsonism Hyperpyrexia Syndrome (PHS), dyskinesia, and sleep talking, in that order. Some PTs were not described in the specification, such as sleep talking, fear of falling, somnambulism, PHS, among others.
Conclusions
Istradefylline demonstrates therapeutic advantages despite the potential occurrence of diverse adverse reactions. In clinical settings, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to vigilantly observe patients for the onset of neurological and psychiatric conditions, as well as other related events.
An evaluation of Oral Surgery referrals to aid development of an integrated service in Southwest England
Authors: Gradwell Nicola , Fleming Carla , Bell Christopher , Gormley Mark
Published: April 2024

Introduction: There has been an increase in the number of Oral Surgery referrals from primary to secondary care over recent years which has resulted in increased waiting times for patients. A National Institute for Health and Care Research study suggests that two-thirds of patients referred to secondary care for Oral Surgery procedures could be treated in primary care by dentists with enhanced skills (i.e., Level 2).

Aims: This study aims to assess the proportion of inappropriate referrals to specialist services at Bristol Dental Hospital and to describe the patient demographic to help inform the development of an integrated Oral Surgery service in Southwest England.

Materials and Methods: A random sample of 100 written referrals to the Oral Surgery department at BDH were prospectively analysed over a six-week period. Multiple variables were collected to understand the referral content, including the complexity of the treatment requested (Level 1, 2 or 3), patient and referrer locations.

Results: Of the 100 referrals, 94 were included in the analysis. 17% of referrals were determined to be of Level 1 complexity, 35% were Level 2 and 48% Level 3. Therefore, 83% of referrals were deemed appropriate and 17% inappropriate for referral to specialist services. However, almost half (52%) of these referrals (i.e., Level 1 and 2 cases) could have been treated in primary care. Many referrals also had missing clinical details or unacceptable quality radiographs.

Conclusion: A significant proportion of referrals to specialist services could potentially be completed in primary care by dentists with enhanced skills, but this was under two-thirds as suggested in previous studies. Our findings support the need for an integrated and effective Oral Surgery Managed Clinical Network in Southwest England, which could reduce the burden on secondary care, reduce waiting list times and improve access for patients. An electronic referral management system could also improve the quality of information provided on referrals.
Effect of ion anisotropy pressure in viscous plasmas: Evolution of shock waves
Authors: Pradhan Balaram , Boro Birbaishri , Dev Apul N. , Manafian Jalil , Alkaderf Naief Alabed
Published: April 2024

In this work, we have examined the propagation of nonlinear electrostatic shock waves in an anisotropically pressured magnetised plasma including positive and negative ions, trapped electrons, and positrons. Using a reductive perturbation technique, the trapped Zakharov-Kuznetsov Burger (TZK-B) equation is generated for nonlinear analysis. We study and debate the effects of positron and electron trapping on shock structure. Additionally, the influence of an external magnetic field and an anisotropic pressure on shock waves for both positive and negative ions is thoroughly discussed. It has been shown that the amplitude and magnitude of the shock wave are affected by changes in the bulk viscosity and kinematics viscosity for both ions.
Cardiac type total anomalous pulmonary venous return: an unusual cause of neonatal pulmonary hypertension: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Almohamed Ahmad , Almhamad Ebrahim , Takkem Saleh , Sleiay Mouhammed , Alaswad Mohammed , Qatza Ayham , Albakkour Heyam
Published: April 2024

Background:
The condition known as total anomalous pulmonary venous return, or TAPVR, arises when the primitive connections between the pulmonary veins and the cardinal systemic veins survive, making it impossible for the common pulmonary veins to link to the left atrium.
It is a subset of congenital heart defects that range from 1 to 5%.
Case presentation: in our case, After 12 hours after parturition, a 48-hour-old male infant was brought to the hospital with dyspnea, a systolic murmur, and cyanosis.Right bundle branch block (RBBB), sinus tachycardia, and right cardiac axis deviation are all recorded on an electrocardiogram. An abnormal pulmonary venous return was seen as a result of the pulmonary veins' blockage, which was demonstrated to empty into a confluence that drained straight into the coronary sinus. Blood is immediately drained into the coronary sinus (CS) by the pulmonary venous confluence (PVC), which also connects with it.
Conclusion:TAVPR is a rare congenital heart anomaly. Among the four types reported in medical literature, the combined form is the least common. A comprehensive comprehension of the anatomy and drainage site is essential to guide the medical practitioner and surgical team toward accurate procedural performance.
The (cost-)effectiveness of early intervention (MBT-early) versus standard protocolized treatment (CBT) for emerging borderline personality disorder in adolescents (the EARLY study): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Remeeus Melissa , Clarke Sharon , Feenstra Dineke , Eeren Hester Van , Smits Maaike , Debruyne Sara , Kouijzer Mirjam , Luyten Patrick , Scholte Ron , Hutsebaut Joost
Published: April 2024

Background: Although clinical guidelines prioritize the treatment of depression and anxiety in young persons, there is accumulating evidence that the presence of symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with limited effectiveness of these standard treatments. These findings stress the need for interventions addressing early-stage BPD in young people with presenting symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the (cost-)effectiveness of an early intervention program for BPD (MBT-early) compared to first-choice psychological treatment for depression and anxiety according to Dutch treatment guidelines (CBT), in adolescents with either depression, anxiety, or both, in combination with early stage BPD.
Methods: This study is a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. A total of 132 adolescents, presenting with either depression, anxiety, or both and significant BPD features will be randomized to either MBT-early or CBT. Severity of BPD, symptoms of depression and anxiety, personality, social and academic functioning, and quality of life will be assessed at baseline, end of treatment, and at 12-, 18-, and 24-monts follow-up, along with medical costs and costs of productivity losses for cost-effectiveness analyses.
Discussion: This study will provide an empirical evaluation of the potential surplus value of early intervention in young people for whom treatment oriented at common mental disorders like anxiety and depression may be insufficient given their underlying personality problems.
Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register: NL9569. Registered June 15, 2021.
Prognostic factors for the long-term survival of primary molars following chairside pulpectomy with Vitapex: a retrospective study
Authors: Xiao Ling , Zhao Xi , Ye Lin , Zhou Dan
Published: April 2024

Objectives The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential factors that could influence the long-term survival of primary molars after pulpectomy with Vitapex.Materials and Methods A total of 212 primary molars underwent pulpectomy at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry from January 2018 to December 2020 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier analyses were utilized to evaluate time until failure. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical factors associated with failures.Results The survival rate was 86.8% at 12 months, declining to 49.5% at 24 months, and further decreasing to 3.3% at 48 months. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, children aged 5 to 7 had a hazard ratio of 2.10 (P = 0.003), while those aged 7 or older had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 4.40 (P < 0.001) compared to children under 5 years old. Primary molars with a mucosal fistula have a 2.61 times (P = 0.004) higher risk of failure compared to those without this condition .Conclusions The age at initial treatment and the presence of a mucosal fistula before treatment are crucial factors for predicting the outcomes of Vitapex pulpectomy in primary molars and assessing the likelihood of treatment failure.Clinical relevance The apical seal and the extent of apical infection before treatment significantly impact survival rates following pulpectomy of primary molars. Evaluating these variables is crucial for evidence-based clinical decisions.
Lipid metabolism and renal function changes switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate to Tenofovir Alafenamide therapy in CHB patients
Authors: Lai Ruimin , Wang Longfei , Li Na , Lin Shan , Chen Tianbin , Lin Xiaoyu , Jiang JiaJi , Zheng Qi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are common antiviral treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The effects of TAF therapy have not been clarified.
AIM
The study aimed to evaluate the changes caused by switching from TDF to TAF therapy, specifically on lipid metabolism and renal function in CHB patients.
METHODS
In this retrospective study, CHB patients receiving antiviral therapy, who were either switching from TDF to TAF therapy or continuing on TDF therapy were enrolled. Laboratory parameters were evaluated at baseline and 48 weeks after the enrollment.
RESULTS
Of 281 patients, the mean age was 43.02 years, with 73.31% males represented. One hundred fifty patients switched from TDF to TAF. After 48 weeks of post-enrollment treatment, total cholesterol (TCHO) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) profiles of the TAF group were increased compared with those continuing TDF therapy (4.58±0.88 vs 4.09±0.66, P=0.000; 1.31±0.35 vs 1.17±0.32, P=0.001; respectively). Additionally, the post-treatment TCHO level were significantly elevated compared with baseline levels (4.58±0.88 vs 4.47±0.87mmol/L, P=0.038) in the TAF-switching group. However, TCHO levels were significantly lower than at baseline levels in the continuing TDF group (P<0.002). Similarly, (low-density lipoprotein) LDL (P<0.042) and HDL (P<0.000) were also lowered in the continuing TDF group. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), baseline TCHO, baseline fasting blood glucose (FBG) and creatinine (CREA) were associated with the elevated TCHO in the TAF-switching group according to multivariable analysis. An increase in TCHO level was observed in CHB patients switching to TAF therapy after 48 weeks, though no significant changes in CREA or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were observed compared with continuing TDF therapy.
CONCLUSION
This real-life retrospective cohort study of Chinese patients found a significant association of TAF on increasing serum lipid TCHO in CHB patients after 48 weeks of therapy. It is worth further exploring whether it is necessary to indiscriminately switch to TAF due to fear of the risk of kidney impairment.
Thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid autoimmunity are predictive factors for the incidental discovery of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma during thyroidectomy
Authors: Kyrilli Aglaia , Schoinochoriti Raffaella , Chatzopoulos Valerie , Bahar Nabila , Bouziotis Jason , D'Haene Nicky , Salmon Isabelle , Ruiz Maria , Corvilain Bernard
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To identify clinical, biological and pathological risk factors for the incidental discovery of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for presumed benign conditions.
Methods: Cross sectional, single center study, involving all consecutive patients (N=3015) who were submitted to thyroid surgery between 2001-2019. All medical files were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1961 patients in the benign group and 145 patients in PTMC group were analyzed.
Results: No significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, thyroid volume or weight and preoperative thyroxine treatment between benign and PTMC groups were observed. Circulating anti- thyroid antibodies, histological thyroiditis and serum thyrotropin (TSH) were significantly associated with PTMC in univariable analysis. Independent risk factors for incidental PTMC by multivariable analysis where possible (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.99 - 2.28) and certain (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.78) thyroid autoimmunity (p= 0.002) and higher serum TSH (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08 -1.45, p= 0.03), whereas thyroid lobectomy was associated with a lower risk of PTMC (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.24 - 0.67, p< 0.001). The most frequent genetic alteration was BRAFV600E mutation, found in 56.3 % of PTMC submitted to DNA sequencing. No association between clinical, biological or histological characteristics of PTMC and BRAFV600E mutation was observed.
Conclusions: Thyroid autoimmunity and higher preoperative serum TSH level were independent predictors of PTMC incidentally discovered during thyroid surgery. Larger prospective studies are needed to better identify possible risk factors for papillary thyroid carcinoma initiation and progression.
Vibration control of a cantilever beam coupled with MTNES
Authors: Fu Jundong , Wan Shui , Li Wenke , Shen Jiwei , Venugopal Harikrishnan , Loccufier Mia , Dekemele Kevin
Published: April 2024

In response to limitations in vibration suppression performance of traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) and conventional nonlinear energy sink (NES) due to energy threshold constraints and narrow vibration bands, this study proposes a magnet tri-stable NES (MTNES) formed by combining a linear spring and magnets. The mechanism of the MTNES is first introduced in this study, which reveals the existence of the three stable points in the system. Subsequently, the equations of motion of the coupled system with MTNES attached to the cantilever beam are derived, and the optimal parameter combination for MTNES is determined using a global optimization method. Furthermore, the influence of MTNES parameter variations on vibration suppression efficiency is studied through parameter analysis, revealing the robust nature of the MTNES. Then, the restoring force of the MTNES is simplified into polynomial form, and the system response is analyzed by using the harmonic balance method and Runge-Kutta method. Finally, experimental studies on the coupled system are conducted. The results indicate that MTNES can effectively suppress the resonance of the host structure within a wide frequency band, with the highest vibration suppression rate of up to 66% under strong modulated response. Additionally, the results of numerical calculations and theoretical analysis are in good agreement with that of the experiment.
“I really hate it” - Menstruation Experience and Practices among Female Tertiary Students in Hohoe Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Wuresah Israel , Ankrah Esther Twumasi , Klutse Priscilla , Gbogbo Emmanuel , Kugbey Nuworza , Gbogbo Sitsofe
Published: April 2024

In low- and middle-income settings, myths, taboos, and socio-cultural restrictions create barriers for menstruating individuals to acquire accurate information about menstruation, and this limit their daily and routine activities, and have the potential to negatively affect their self-esteem, reproductive health, and schooling. The ‘socio-menstrual’ milieu - beguiled with discrimination, stigmatization, heavy presence of myths and misconceptions, and social exclusion of the menstruating woman - have profound implications that form the experiences of menstruating women and inform the quality of menstruation management practices. More often than usual, studies exploring menstrual experiences and management practices are conducted among females in lower grades limiting the holistic understanding of menstrual hygiene management experiences and challenges among females in higher institutions of learning. This study mainly focused on uncovering the essence and nature of menstruation experiences and management practices through in-depth interviews using the phenomenological research design in a qualitative approach. Four tertiary institutions and 20 participants were conveniently and purposively selected respectively to participate in the study. Data transformation and thematic analysis were carried out using the MAXQDA version 2020 software. The findings showed that most participants were aged above 20 years, with a few either in a cohabiting relationship or married. Majority of the participants identified with the Christian religion. In terms of living arrangements, most (60%) of the participants lived with both parents. Further, the study used an integrating inductive and deductive data analysis techniques, and identified three major themes; Menstrual experiences during menarche, Menstrual experience at present, and Menstrual management practices. Generally, the menstrual experiences of tertiary students were characterized with severe cramps, discomfort, and nausea leading to missed lectures and challenges in maintaining focus during classes. The findings project the need for tailored support systems and educational interventions in tertiary institutions, recognizing the diversity of experiences among female students.
Preserved Benefits and Barriers of Breast Self-examination and Mammography for Breast Cancer Screening in the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population
Authors: Joukar Farahnaz , Zakaryapour Sara , Fashkhami Faezeh , Sheida Fateme , Atrkar-Roshan Zahra , Hasavari Farideh , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
Published: April 2024

Background:Clinical breast examination and mammography help in the detection of breast cancer and are valid in improving survival by reducing mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate women's knowledge of breast cancer screening in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort study (PGCS) population.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 476 women aged 35 to 70 among the PGCS population. The demographic and clinical data of participants were collected through a questionnaire. Also, the Champion Health Belief Model, including the perceived benefits of breast self-examination (6 phrases), perceived barriers to breast self-examination (9 phrases), perceived benefits of mammography (6 phrases), perceived barriers mammography (9 phrases), was used to collect the knowledge data. The variables of the questionnaire were assessed using the Likert scale. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 by significant level <0.05.Results: Most of the research subjects were within the age of 45-55 years (35.9%) and most of them (64.9%) did not mention any history of prior mammography, but among those whith positive hisstory of mammography, most of them (55.1%) had done it without any problem and only based on recommendation. 83% of the participants reported negative previous history of breast abnormalities or discomfort, while the remaining individuals reported experiencing these issues at least once, of which, 15.5% received medical care, with the most common complication being the experience of breast pain (7.7%). In overall, factors including age 35-44.9 years, having insurance, higher education levels, having former visit of a doctor due to breast problem, family history of breast cacner in first degree relatives, and positive history of performing mammography were associated with better scores of preserved benefits and barriers in both breast cancer self-examination and mammography (P≤0.05).Conclusion:Therefore, according to the barriers and benefits identified in this study, it is possible to plan for breast cancer screening. It is recommended to focus more on attracting older women to perform screening programs. It is also necessary to encourage doctors to refer women for mammography and support insurance organizations to provide screening services at a lower cost.
Surgical Anatomy of Non-Recurrent Inferior Laryngeal Nerves Observed Between 2011–2023
Authors: Sato Koki , Sugino Keizo , Nishihara Masahiro , Kawasaki Yukari , Nambu Junko , Kawaguchi Yasuo , Ohdan Hideki
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
To avoid complications during thyroid surgery, it is important to be aware of anatomical variations. This study aimed to analyze the clinical aspects of non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerves (NRILNs) at a hospital in Japan.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed thyroid surgery cases at our institution over the last 12 years (2011–2023). The study included 2187 patients (1676 women, 76.6%) who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT; N = 512) or hemithyroidectomy (HT; N = 1611). The HT group included 850 right and 761 left thyroidectomies, and 82 patients underwent complementary TTs (40 right and 42 left). The total number of inferior laryngeal nerves identified during surgery was 2717 (1402 right and 1315 left). All patients underwent preoperative neck and thoracic computed tomography (CT) and neck ultrasonography (US). NRILN is classified into two types: Type 1, in which the NRILN branches at the level of the inferior thyroid artery and ascends along the trachea; and Type 2, in which the NRILN branches at the level of the superior pole of the thyroid gland and runs directly to the larynx.
Results:
We identified 12 NRILN cases. The nerve anomaly was diagnosed preoperatively in all patients. Of these cases, eight were Type 1 and four were Type 2. No inferior laryngeal nerve injury was observed after surgery.
Conclusion:
To avoid inferior laryngeal nerve injury, preoperative diagnosis of NRILNs is essential. NRILN is associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery; hence, its presence should be evaluated using routine US and CT before surgery.
Research on full-chain anomaly causal tracing based on S-GAN combined with Bayesian inference
Authors: LIU Lijun , Zhaojun WANG , LI Xiao , Peng WANG , Hongxia GUO , Yanjie DAI
Published: April 2024

The wide coverage of electricity information collection, involving multiple links, strong equipment associations, and a large overall architecture, makes operation and maintenance work complex and difficult to handle. The current monitoring status cannot guarantee the normal operation of each link. Therefore, a method for full-chain monitoring and anomaly tracing of electricity information collection is proposed. Firstly, a full-chain monitoring model for electricity information collection is constructed based on graph neural networks, abstracting the data flow in each link as nodes and the data transmission links as edges to build a graph structure for the entire electricity information collection chain. The abnormal judgment of data flow in various collection businesses is treated as a classification task, and the Graph Attention Network (GAN) is used to explore the features of abnormal data flow in the entire chain of electricity information collection, thereby identifying the nodes with abnormal data flow in the chain. Secondly, causal association rules combined with Bayesian network graphs are used for the causal tracing of abnormal nodes, leading to the identification of the root abnormal node. Experimental results show that the accuracy and F1 value of the abnormal node identification in the monitoring model are 88.17% and 88.25% respectively, achieving effective tracing of the root abnormal node.
Exploring lived experiences on the usage of removable complete dentures among edentulous patients attending Makerere University Dental Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nono David , Bagenda Godfrey , Okullo Isaac , Rwenyonyi Charles Mugisha
Published: April 2024

Background
Edentulism remains a major disability worldwide, especially among the elderly population, although the prevalence of complete edentulism has declined over the last decades. In Uganda, the prevalence of edentulism in people aged 20 years and above is 1.8%. The therapy for edentulous patients can be realized through the use of conventional removable complete dentures, implant-supported prostheses, and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CADCAM), however, the provision of removable complete dentures continues to be the predominant rehabilitation for edentulous patients. However, no published study has explored the lived experiences with removable complete dentures among the Ugandan population. The aim of the present study was to explore patients’ lived experiences on the usage of removable complete dentures among Ugandan edentulous patients attending Makerere University Dental Hospital.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study employing a qualitative approach using purposive sampling. Fifteen (15) respondents were selected across social demographics. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and themes were generated to draw a deeper meaning to the usage of removable complete dentures. A qualitative statistical package, Atlas Ti software was used to generate themes from the interviews followed by an interpretation of the generated data and the results were presented as text and in a table.
Results
The reported key positive experiences due to removable complete denture rehabilitation were the improvement in speech, eating ability, regaining good facial appearance, better oral hygiene management, self-esteem and confidence to smile in public, and a feeling of completeness. However, respondents complained of pain and discomfort due to the looseness of dentures, inability to eat certain foods, and regular cleaning of dentures. The respondents did not go through proper informed consent processes before getting removable complete dentures.
Conclusion
The study found that patients were experiencing both physical and emotional challenges with being edentulous and therefore, opted for denture rehabilitation as a way of getting a credible alternative to their edentulous situation. Therefore, patients should be given quality oral healthcare that is accessible, acceptable, and cost-friendly.
Enucleation for Intestinal Duplications: a Comparative Study With Intestinal Resection and Anastomosis
Authors: Laplanche Ulysse , Montalva Louise , Dara Pichvichit , Coulomb Aurore , Hervieux Erik , Honnla Runreasey , Irtan Sabine , Audry Georges
Published: April 2024

Purpose :
Duplication enucleation (DE) has been described as an alternative to intestinal resection with primary anastomosis (IRA) for intestinal duplications, but no comparative study exists. The aim of this study was to compare both surgical procedures for intestinal duplication.
Methods:
A retrospective study was performed, including all children treated for intestinal duplication (2005–2023). Patients that underwent DE were compared to those that underwent IRA. Statistical significance was determined using p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results:
A total of 51 patients (median age: 5 months) were treated for intestinal duplication, including 27 patients (53%) that underwent DE and 24 IRA (47%). A cystic image was detected prenatally in 19 patients (70%) with DE and 11 patients (46%) with IRA (p = 0.09). Enucleation was performed using laparoscopy in 7 patients (14%). Patients that underwent DE had shorter time to first feed (1 vs 3 days,p = 0.0001) and length of stay (4 vs 6 days, p < 0.0004) compared to IRA. A muscular layer was identified in 68% of intestinal resection specimens.
Conclusion:
Compared to intestinal resection with anastomosis, duplication enucleation is associated with decreased postoperative length of stay and delay to first feeds without increasing post-operative complications. Regarding histological analysis, enucleation seems feasible in most cases.
Incorporation of TiO 2 and TiO 2 -Ag nanoparticles in recycled high-density polyethylene: Effect of the type of photocatalyst and incorporation method on photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of NO
Authors: Gavilanes Dayana , Cataño Francisco A. , Quiles-Carrillo Luis , Balart Rafael , Saavedra Marcela , Carbonnel Alexandre , Murillo Herman A. , Loyo Carlos , Zapata Paula A.
Published: April 2024

methods
extrusion and plasma immersion process. The first incorporation technique was introducing the nanoparticles during extrusion; this allowed us to obtain photocatalyst/HDPEr composites. The second technique was to deposit the photocatalyst nanoparticles on the surface of the polymer film by a two-step process: air plasma treatment and immersion in an aqueous photocatalyst suspension. The composites obtained by extrusion presented a higher Young’s modulus than that from neat HDPEr. It was due to the reinforcing effect of the nanoparticles, which was more significant after the incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles. On the other hand, nanoparticle deposition on the polymeric film surface did not significantly affect Young’s modulus. Regarding the photocatalytic activity, the films obtained by extrusion exhibited poor performance; however, the photocatalyst deposition on films increased the NOx photodegradation. TiO2-Ag nanoparticles exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity; thus, the polymeric film with TiO2-Ag nanoparticles embedded in the surface presented the highest activity (~ 23.67% of NOx photodegradation). Based on this background, this work provides valuable insights into the potential of these novel materials to be used as building panels capable of removing air pollutants through photocatalytic processes.
Nonlinear static/Transient behaviors of CNT reinforced Magneto-Electro- Mechanical smart shells considering agglomeration via dual directors shell model
Authors: Mallek H. , Mellouli H. , Louhichi R. , Dammak F.
Published: April 2024

The application of piezomagnetic layers on the external surfaces of passive sandwich shells has the potential to create multifunctional smart sandwich structures. This work introduces new smart magneto–electro–elastic (MEE) shells and studies its geometrically nonlinear bending and transient behavior as a first endeavor. A High-order Shear Deformation Theory (HSDT) is adopted to develop the Finite Element model of the smart MEE shells considering the multiphysics couplings, meanwhile the Lagrangian nonlinear strain-displacement relations are employed to account the geometric nonlinearity. The developed FE is modeled with nodal degrees of freedom that include displacements, rotations, electric and magnetic potentials. Moreover, the physical characteristics of aggregated CNTRC are evaluated based on micromechanics model incorporating the two agglomeration parameters. Different agglomeration schemas are considered for CNTs in nanocomposite core layer. The precision and reliability of the current FE model are confirmed through a comparison of the existing results in the open literature. The study explores the influence of parameters such CNT volume fraction and their agglomeration phenomena and various geometrical parameters of the shell on the nonlinear bending and dynamic behavior of smart MEE sandwich structures. The findings provide valuable insights into the subject.
A Stochastic Recursive Gradient Algorithm with Inertial Extrapolation for Non-convex Problems and machine learning
Authors: Mo Zhongyu , Ouyang Chen , Pham Hongtruong , Yuan Gonglin
Published: April 2024

In recent years, extrapolation acceleration technology has been widely employed across various algorithms; however, its application in machine learning has yielded limited achievements. Therefore, building upon the foundation of inertial acceleration technology, we conducted a study and analysis of the small-batch variant of the Stochastic Average Recursive Adaptive Hyperparameter (SARAH) algorithm. By integrating extrapolation acceleration technology into the SARAH framework, we developed an inertial stochastic recursive gradient method tailored for addressing empirical risk minimization problems in scenarios involving non-convex loss functions and machine learning. In this paper, under specific moderate assumptions, we have demonstrated the convergence of the algorithm to the global optimum. Furthermore, we have derived its linear convergence rate with respect to the non-convex objective function. The numerical results obtained from evaluating two widely utilized machine learning problems clearly illustrate the superior performance and practical feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: extrapolation; Algorithm; non-convex; global optimum; convergence; numerical results.
Applying Language Models for Suicide Prevention: Evaluating News Article Adherence to WHO Reporting Guidelines
Authors: Elyoseph Zohar , Levkovich Inbar , Rabin Eyal , Shemo Gal , Szpiler Tal , Shoval Dorit Hadar , Belz Yossi Levi
Published: April 2024

Background
Suicide is a significant societal issue that affects many individuals annually. Previous research has indicated that irresponsible media coverage of suicides can promote suicidal behaviors, such as glorifying the individual who committed suicide or providing excessive details about the method used. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has established guidelines for responsible journalistic reporting on suicide, outlining both recommended and discouraged practices. However, these guidelines are often not adhered to in real-world reporting, posing a risk to public safety.
Objective
The aim of the current study was to explore the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in assessing news articles on suicide, relative to the WHO's criteria.
Methods
The evaluation involved two independent human reviewers and two AI systems, Claude.AI and ChatGPT-4, which assessed 40 suicide-related articles from online platforms based on the WHO's 15 criteria.
Results
The findings indicated strong agreement between ChatGPT-4 and the two human reviewers (0.81–0.87). Strong agreement was also found between Claude.AI and the two human reviewers (0.73–0.78). A repeated measures analysis of variance showed no significant differences in the evaluations made by the human reviewers and ChatGPT-4, but Claude.AI showed lower estimations.
Conclusions
These results suggest that GenAI has the potential to play a crucial role in promoting safe reporting practices, with implications for public health. The consistency of these findings across different languages could further enhance their significance. Potentially, this technology could be leveraged to provide immediate, automated feedback to journalists and editors, encouraging them to align their reporting with best practices. By demonstrating the capability of GenAI to contribute to mental health advocacy, not only at an individual level but also on a societal scale, this study underscores the transformative role that GenAI can play in shaping public narratives around sensitive issues like suicide.
RETRACTED: IBEDO-DE: A Novel ChatGPT-Enhanced Model for ImprovingEducational Outcomes through Data-Driven Insights and Student Perceptions
Authors: Sorour Shaymaa , Ahmed Hosnia.M.M. , Amin A.E.Amin , Abdelkader Hanan
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
A circular bioeconomy approach for post-bioadsorbent materials from the removal of domestic wastewater contaminants as potential reinforcements
Authors: Almeida-Naranjo Cristina E. , Aguilar Alex Darío , Valle Vladimir , Bastidas‐Caldes Carlos , Debut Alexis , Sinchiguano Britanny
Published: April 2024

The study evaluated the performance of raw oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (R-OPEFBF) within three different size ranges (250–425, 425–600, 600–800 µm) both before and after their utilization in biofiltration processes (as post-adsorbents, P-OPEFBF) to reinforce a polymer matrix of acrylic resin. The research examined the changes in R-OPEFBF composition and morphology caused by microorganisms in biofilters and their impact on the mechanical properties of the composites. Smaller R-OPEFBF particles (250–425 µm) demonstrated superior mechanical performance. Additionally, composites with P-OPEFBF displayed significant enhancements in mechanical properties (3.9–40.3%) compared to those with R-OPEFBF. The combination of the three fiber sizes improved the mechanical behavior of the composites, indicating the potential for both R-OPEFBF and P-OPEFBF as reinforcement materials in composite applications.
Drug Delivery System for Aflibercept delivery in Metastatic ColoRectal Cancer (MCRC)
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Maryam , Jalilvand Hassan , Mosaed Reza , Tabesh Hadi
Published: April 2024

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a major health burden worldwide and a growing challenge in Asian countries. Treatment options include chemotherapy and a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor (such as bevacizumab, aflibercept or ramucirumab) or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. Aflibertcept, a recombinant fusion protein, is approved for the treatment of mCRC in combination with FOLFIRI in patients with disease progression during or after an oxaliplatin-containing regimen, based on its efficacy and tolerability profile in clinical trials. Hence, the amount and dosage and side effects of chemotherapy – even though are highly reduced - still are a counted as a great challenge. The purpose of this report is to provide an insight of the future production of a drug delivery system which can be sustainable, targeted and has less side effects. In order of achieving these goals, a DDS system was designed using electrospining method and nanoparticles filled with Aflibercept.
Mastering Complex Integrals in Multidimensional Spaces:Generalized Theorems and Broad Applications
Authors: Abu-Ghuwaleh Mohammad
Published: April 2024

This study presents a pioneering approach in the realm of complex analysis, focusing on the transformation of integrals that involve analytic functions in multi-dimensional complex variable spaces. At the core of our investigation are integrals characterized by functions evaluated across a spectrum of complex arguments, especially around points in n-dimensional real spaces. This research progresses mathematical understanding by advancing intricate derivations and building upon foundational work in the field. A significant aspect of our findings lies in the deep exploration of structures and interrelationships within complex integrals. Additionally, we highlight the substantial impact of this novel methodology on solving complex problems, particularly in the realm of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). This innovative approach has far-reaching implications, promising to revolutionize problem-solving techniques in mathematical and physical sciences, and paving the way for advanced solutions in complex PDEs and other related areas.