bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Including Adverse Childhood Experiences Content in the HBSE Course for BSW Students
Authors: Panisch Lisa S. , Randolph Karen A. , Boel-Studt Shamra
Published: December 2019

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) negatively affect biopsychosocial development and functioning across the lifespan. Social workers in generalist practice are likely to serve individuals with a history of childhood adversity. Currently, there is no standard requirement for the topic of ACEs to be addressed in baccalaureate social work education. Our teaching note addresses this gap in the curriculum by establishing a need for baccalaureate social work students to receive trauma-specific education early in their academic careers. Human Behavior in the Social Environment is proposed as a course in which this content can be easily incorporated. Recommendations for future directions are provided.
Erzincan Yöresinde Üretilen Tulum Peynirlerinin Benzoik Asit, Sorbik Asit ve Ağır Metal İçeriği Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: EROĞLU Yalçın
Published: December 2019

Erzincan tulum
peynirinde standart bir üretim tekniğinin olmaması, piyasada farklı kalite ve
lezzette peynirlerin olmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bu peynir çeşidine özgü
niteliklerin bilimsel yöntemlerle incelenerek, standart peynirin belirlenmesi
ve kantitatif analize uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Artan üretim ihtiyacından
dolayı tulum peyniri üretim aşamalarında yabancı madde kullanımı ihtimali
ortaya çıkmaktadır. Eğer yabancı madde kullanımı varsa bunlardan öne çıkanı
oldukça düşük maliyetinden dolayı nişastadır. Ayrıca başka yabancı madde varsa
bunların tespiti yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada çeşitli spektroskopik yöntemler
kullanılarak Erzincan yöresinde ticari amaçla üretilen ve piyasaya sürülen tulum peynirlerinin standartlara uyup
uymadığı kontrol edilmiştir.
Acute kidney injury in obstetrics: a five-year study in a tertiary centre
Authors: Papegowda Sushma H. , Devi Pratima K. , Singh Ranjit L. , Muruganadam Agalya , Tochhawng Zikpuii L.
Published: December 2019

Background: Pregnancy Related Acute Kidney Injury (PRAKI) is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The incidence has declined due to improvements in reproductive health but it is still associated with significant perinatal mortality and maternal morbidity. It may be due to decrease in renal perfusion or ischemic tubular necrosis from a variety of conditions encountered during pregnancy. Our study aims at determining the predisposing factors and causes of AKI during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and foetal outcome.Methods: A retrospective cohort study over a period of 5 years was conducted on pregnant women with AKI as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The detailed history, events, mode of delivery, cause leading to AKI, management, hospital stay, maternal and foetal outcome were studied in detail and evaluated. These patients were classified according to RIFLE criteria and were followed up for hospital stay and residual morbidities.Results: The incidence of PRAKI in the study was 0.07% (36 out of 50,735 deliveries) and among obstetric ICU patients, it was 6.8%. Most of the majority of the cases were unbooked (66.7%) and multipara (61.1%). Maternal morbidity was seen in 66.7% and mortality was 27.8%. Poor foetal outcome was seen in 44.4%.Conclusions: Haemorrhage is the most common cause of PRAKI, followed by toxaemia of pregnancy and sepsis. Early detection and meticulous management of haemorrhage, hypertension and sepsis reduce the incidence of PRAKI and associated maternal mortality.
A study of spot urine protein: creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours proteinuria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia
Authors: Sarkar Ruma , Rawat Shilpi , Sharma Neela Rai , Tiwari Harish Chandra
Published: December 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is defined as systolic blood pressure level of 140 mmHg or higher or a diastolic blood pressure level of 90 mmHg or higher that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation with proteinuria. Objective of this study was to study the role of spot urine protein: creatinine ratio as an alternative to 24 hours proteinuria for the diagnosis of pre-eclampsiaMethods: This is a prospective observational study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, BRD Medical College Gorakhpur, since October 2016 to September 2017 included 120 pregnant women with hypertension of gestational age more than 20 weeks. Ramdom urine sample of all the patient was taken before 12 noon after first voiding. For 24 hours urine sample patient was asked to collect all her urine she voids during 24 hours. The creatinine was estimated by the alkaline picrate method (Jaffe's Reaction) modified by the Bonsnes and Taussky, 1945. Creatinine in a protein free solution reacts with the alkaline picrate and produces red colour complex which is measured colorimeterically. Urinary protein was estimated in all the subjects by the Turbidimetric method. Urinary protein was precipitated by 3% sulphosalicylic acid and turbidity so produced was measured colorimetrically.Results: Protein: creatinine ratio in a random urine sample is better than random urine protein detection by dipstick method in cases of emergency when there is no time for detection of 24 hours urine protein.Conclusions: If cut-off level for urine protein: creatinine ratio in random urine sample is taken as 0.25 or more then sensitivity and specificity become same as 24 hours urine protein.
Study of sociodemographic profile, maternal, fetal outcome in preeclamptic and eclamptic women: a prospective study
Authors: . Vedavathi , Sood Rajeev
Published: December 2019

Background: Preeclampsia is pregnancy specific disease, lead to maternal, perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study is conducted to identify the socio demographic profile of subjects suffering from preeclampsia and its effect on maternal and fetal health.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Kamla Nehru State Hospital, Shimla, in this, 100 preeclamptic women were included. Preeclampsia was diagnosed with blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg noted for the first-time during pregnancy, after 20 wks of gestation and proteinuria. Demographic details were collected. Investigations i.e. hemogram, liver and renal function tests, coagulation profile and fundoscopy were done. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were recorded.Results: In this study, majority of the subjects were primigravida 65. In this, 11 subjects had systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mmHg and 89 subjects had systolic blood pressure of > 160 mmHg. 25 subjects had diastolic blood pressure of 90-109 mmHg and 75 subjects had diastolic blood pressure of > 110 mmHg. In this, 82 subjects had warning symptoms, mainly headache 49. 14 subjects showed hypertensive changes in fundus. Unfavorable Bishop Score, observed in 86 subjects and 78 subjects were induced after controlling blood pressure. Majority of subjects had vaginal delivery 73. Majority of the subjects had deranged liver function 61. Maternal morbidity was reported in 54 subjects. Intrauterine death reported in 14 subjects. Birth weight was < 2.5 kg was observed in 70 babies. Out of 74 live births, 53 neonates required admission in NICU and 16 neonates died in NICU.Conclusions: It may be concluded that, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced by early identification of risk factors and timely intervention is the hall mark in preventing the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its maternal outcome in a tertiary care hospital, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sengodan Subha Sivagami , N. Sreeprathi
Published: December 2019

Background: Hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies and together forms the deadly triad- along with hemorrhage and heart disease that contributes greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its maternal complications in patients attending obstetrics and gynaecology department, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted from August 2018 to July 2019 in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. Patients diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was evaluated and data were collected.Results: A total of 19,383 pregnant women visited obstetrics and gynaecology department over a period of one year, out of which 2028 were diagnosed with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Hence the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is 10.4%. Among 2028 hypertensive disorder cases, Gestational hypertension were 962 cases (47.4%), pre-eclampsia 661 cases (32.6%), chronic hypertension 166 cases (8.2%) and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension 239 cases (11.8%). The prevalence was highest among primigravida (54%) compared to multigravida (46%). Hypertensive disorders were highest among the age group of 18-22 years in our study. Most common maternal complication in our study was HELLP syndrome.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertensive disorders was high in our study. Early detection and timely intervention decrease the maternal complications.
Spontaneous pregnancy rate after saline infusion sonogram treat done under high pressure
Authors: Elsharkawy Suzan Samir
Published: December 2019

Background: Failure to achieve conception after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse is defined as infertility. The aim of this study was evaluating SIS done under high pressure (SIStreat) as a treatment procedure, for relieving simple tubal obstruction and on cumulative pregnancy rate in infertile women.Methods: A prospective, interventional trial was done (October 2017 - November 2018) on 106 eligible women. All patients performed SIS. Patient with tubes patent under low pressure were assigned as control group, the rest of them were subjected to SIStreat, this group was farther divided into Group 2-a (patent under high pressure) and Group 2-b (occluded under high pressure). All patients had regular intercourse for 6 months. Pregnancy was confirmed by serum B-HCG.Results: we compared patients who performed conventional SIS (n = 100 cases) to patients who performed SIStreat afterwards (n = 84) according to the number of patent tubes. There was a high statistically significant difference in favor of SIStreat group (p < 0.001). Also, there was no significant difference in pregnancy rate between control group 62.5% and Group 2-a 45.7% (p = 0.226).Conclusions: SIStreat is a whole new procedure for opening fallopian tubes (diagnosed occluded by SIS). Patients who were successfully treated by SIStreat had cumulative pregnancy rate comparable to patients who were diagnosed to have patent tubes using conventional SIS.
Prophylactic amnioinfusion in oligohydramnios
Authors: T. Dhiviya Narbhavi , J. Cicily T. , S. Kala B.
Published: December 2019

Background: Oligohydramnios causes many intrapartum maternal and fetal complications. Intrapartum amnioinfusion effectively increases amniotic fluid volume and thereby decreases FH decelerations. The objective of this study was to compare the frequency of fetal heart decelerations and its perinatal outcome with and without amnioinfusion in patients with oligohydramnios and the cesarean rates for fetal distress between them.Methods: In study group, 100 patients in labour with AFI < 5 cm, oligohydramnios and IUGR with normal doppler, postdated pregnancies with AFI ≤ 5 cm with normal doppler were selected and prophylactic amnioinfusion with 300 ml lukewarm saline is given aseptically for 15 minutes after amniotomy. Continuous CTG monitoring done till delivery. If FH decelerations occur, the bolus was repeated up to 3 times. 100 age matched controls managed with conventional methods without amnioinfusion were selected retrospectively from labour room case records.Results: Incidence of FH decelerations was lower in study group (59% versus 84%). Cesarean section for fetal distress was reduced (20.9% versus 79.1%) Perinatal outcome was better. Babies with normal 1-minute Apgar was 86% compared to 75% in controls. Frequency of FH decelerations was reduced (20% versus 73%). Occurrence of 2 FH decelerations were 13% versus 33%, 3 FH decelerations were 7% versus 27% and > 3 times was 0% versus 13%.Conclusions: Prophylactic amnioinfusion can easily and effectively reduce the FH decelerations and caesarean section rate for fetal distress in oligohydramnios improving both maternal and fetal outcomes with negligible risks.
Obstetrics outcome in pregnant women with cardiac disease in tertiary care center, Dehradun - India
Authors: Singh Prachi , Saxena Namrata , Gupta Vineeta , Bansal Neeta , Pehal Yashika
Published: December 2019

Background: Incidence of heart disease in pregnancy is about 1%. Pregnant patient with cardiac disease can present with lot of challenges for the obstetrician, paediatrician and the cardiologist. With improvement in diagnostic, medical, surgical management, more patient with cardiac diseases especially congenital are able to reach reproductive age. Therefore, still a cardiac disease remains a significant cause of maternal death. Maternal and fetal prognosis both is affected by the care given and the skills used in the treatment of the individual patient. Hospital has resulted in majority of cardiac disease patient being managed in a tertiary care center and this provide an opportunity to report on clinical experiences of pregnancy with cardiac disease, their management and obstetrical outcomes.Methods: This was a retrospective study, with all the patients detailed demographic information, diagnosis, course in the hospital, management, maternal and fetal outcome was obtained from the medical records and files.Results: Incidence of cardiac disease was found to be 0.7%, 47% of pregnant women fell in age group of 26-30 years, 38.2% were primigravida, only 23.53% were booked, and half of them belonged to NYHA II class. 73.5% had Rheumatic heart disease and the most common obstetrics complications were preterm labor and anemia. LSCS was done in 29.4% cases and 38.2% of the newborns were premature.Conclusions: Prematurity anaemia, IUGR, are the common obstetrical complication in pregnant patient with cardiac disease which can be taken care with increased awareness and pre-conceptional counselling especially in patient with congenital heart disease. For optimization of maternal and neonatal outcomes in these patients, dedicated team of obstetrician, fetal medicine specialist, pediatricians, cardiologist and anesthesiologist is the prime requirement.
Arteriovenous uterine malformation: case report
Authors: Lara Sánchez Raúl D. , Rafaelano Miranda Alexander J. , Hernandez Flores Sara E. , Alvarez Tania P. , Bizuet Cabrera Jose M. , Huerta Angel Lemus
Published: December 2019

The case of a 49-year-old patient is reported, with a particular history of obstetric risk, who presented with severe transvaginal hemorrhage, was performed doppler arteriography and ultrasound, finding data suggestive of arteriovenous uterine malformation, surgery was decided due to heavy menstrual bleeding with anemia, the pathology report shows characteristics of an arteriovenous uterine malformation.
The inevitable and incidental caesarian myomectomy
Authors: Sarbhai Vinita
Published: December 2019

The management of fibroid encountered during caesarean remains controversial. The traditional approach has always been, not to perform myomectomy, because of the fear of haemorrhage due to increased vascularity and uterine atonicity of pregnant uterus and increased morbidity. Caesarean section was performed in 27-year G2P1 in view of previous LSCS, short inter-conception period, frank leaking and poor bishop score. After delivery of baby a fibroid of 6 cm by 5 cm was seen jutting out of left side of incision line. Myomectomy was performed, without any complication, as it was not possible to approximate the incision line without that. No excessive hemorrhage or postoperative complications were encountered.
Breus’ mole/chorangiosis/chorangioma of the placenta: a dilemma with a rare fetal outcome report
Authors: Sobti Nitika , Chandna Ankita , Narula Bhawna
Published: December 2019

Massive Subchorionic Thrombohematoma (MST) is a rare condition in which there is a massive collection of blood between the placental membranes and uterine wall separating the villous chorionic plate from villous chorion. It is relatively rare and is poorly understood. Many theories have been proposed to explain the etiology of Breus mole; some suggest it is a fetal haemorrhage, while others claim it has a maternal-origin thrombosis of placental vessels. A 30-year-old healthy Indian pregnant woman was presented at Max Hospital, Shalimar Bagh Delhi, India, during her second pregnancy with a complaint of fever. On routine level-2 ultrasonography (USG) done at 18.6 weeks of gestation showed thick placenta. No fetal tumours or any other anomalies were noted on that scan which was followed by a detailed scan which confirmed a solitary mass arising from fetal side 103x64x82 mm S/O chorioangioma. Serial growth and doppler USG were conducted to monitor placental function, tumor characteristics and future anatomy. The subject received steroids to enhance fetal lungs maturation at Week 30, iron/calcium supplements, Ecosprin tablets, and progesterone support. At 32.5 weeks, the subject developed deranged sugars followed by gestational hypertension at 34.1 weeks. Ultrasonography also showed fetal growth restriction with large chorioangioma. The subject underwent a successful elective caesarean section at 34.4 weeks. On placental examination, 10 cm large mass encasing ¾ of the placenta was identified as a large subchorionic hematoma/chorioangioma (800 g). This study concludes that early identification of a large chorangioma aids in consequent fetal surveillance, management of maternal symptoms, and delivery planning discussions even if the pathological diagnosis turns out to be Breus’ mole with underlying chorangiosis postnatally.
Comparative study between herniorrhaphy alone versus hernioplasty in small-sized paraumbilical hernia
Authors: Khattab Ahmed M. , Abdallah Abdallah S. , Elbalshy Mohammed A. , Albatanoney Ayman A.
Published: December 2019

Background: Paraumbilical hernia is a common disease and its repair is one of the most performed surgical interventions worldwide. The most important techniques in its repair are hernioplasty and herniorrhaphy and both differ significantly.Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial to compare hernioplasty versus herniorrhaphy alone in small-sized paraumbilical hernia as regards local wound complications e.g., seroma and wound infection in addition to recurrence rates, operation time and overall cost, by comparison between two groups each comprising 50 patients.Results: There was no significant difference between both techniques regarding hernia recurrence as well as wound complication. On the other hand, herniorrhaphy reduced significantly incision size, time of operation and overall cost.Conclusions: Our study revealed that herniorrhaphy alone is better in small-sized paraumbilical hernia repair as it showed significant correlation with decrease incision size, time of operation and overall cost.
Diagnosis of breast lumps based on breast imaging reporting and data system score and histopathological examination: a comparative study
Authors: Chavan Shahaji G. , B. Sree Ganesh , Vemuri Nandan
Published: December 2019

Background: Breast cancer incidence in India is increasing and has now become the most common cancer among women. Preoperative pathology diagnosis and mammography (using breast imaging reporting and data system      (BI-RADS) scoring system) constitute an essential part of the workup of breast lesions. The present study was aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS score with histopathological finding in diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of breast.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The present study was conducted on 100 randomly selected newly diagnosed cases of breast lump attending the General Surgery Department (OPD).Results: Considering histopathological examination as gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of BI-RADS score is 93.9% and 82.3% respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS score is 91.1%, 87.5% and 90.0% respectively.Conclusions: Author conclude from the present study that BI-RADS score being non-invasive, it may become a very useful test for evaluating Breast lump lesions. However, BI-RADS score cannot be considered as gold standard and thus cannot be used as an alternative to histopathology in diagnosis of breast lumps.
Assessment of nutritional status, pre-operative nutrition supplementation and its’ impact on the outcome of surgery in gastrointestinal malignancies: a prospective study
Authors: Nirhale Dakshayani S. , Ghalsasi Amala A. , V. Nisarga
Published: December 2019

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are responsible for more deaths from cancer than any other cancers. These patients are at risk for disease-related malnutrition which has been linked to an increase in post operative complications. Despite research, guidelines for preoperative nutritional assessment are lacking. The study was aimed to assess the nutritional status of patients in gastrointestinal malignancy, impact of nutritional supplementation and its impact on outcome of surgery.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients of gastrointestinal malignancy attending Dept. of Surgery, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune. Institute Ethics Committee clearance was obtained before starting the study. 45 newly diagnosed patients of gastrointestinal malignancy were included in the study after informed consent.Results: At the start of this study 26.66% were well nourished, 35.55% moderately nourished, and 37.77% poorly nourished. At 6 weeks after supplementation 60 % were well nourished, 24.4 % moderately nourished, and 7 % poorly nourished. Surgical site infection (SSI) occurred in 7 patients of which 57.14% were poorly nourished, 28.57 % were moderately nourished. Anastomotic leak occurred in 3 patients of which 66.66% patients were poorly nourished. Average number of days of hospital stay for well nourished patients was 6.23 and for poorly nourished patients 14.14.Conclusions: Malnutrition is a concern in gastrointestinal malignancies. Delay in surgery upto 6 weeks is permissible to enhance patients’ nutritional status. Proper nutritional supplementation significantly improves nutritional status. Complications like SSI and anastomotic leak; hospital stay are significantly reduced after improvement in nutritional status.
Comparison of free radicals in blood in pre-operative and post-operative phases of breast malignancies: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Jina Abhishek , Singh U. C.
Published: December 2019

Background: Various factors have been identified as influencing factors of breast cancer. The free radicals can cause increased oxidative stress by negatively affecting the body’s nucleic acids, lipids and proteins leading to various illnesses including cancer. Therefore, this study was aimed at discovering the progress of treatment of breast carcinoma by exploring the connections of the disease with free radical injury.Methods: The present study was conducted among 30 breast carcinoma patients received in the surgery department of BRD Medical College Gorakhpur. Determination of the levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) (the procedure of photoluminescence), catalase (method of Cavarochi) and the lipid peroxidise was done. The results were presented as mean and standard error (SE). P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Among the total participants, 73% patients had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 27% patients had intraductal carcinoma. The dismutase levels showed an increase in the post-operative patients for both the groups. The catalase levels and the lipid peroxide levels showed a reduction in the postoperative patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: The present study result showed that the low amounts of SOD and catalase may not be sufficient to detoxify high amounts of free radicals. The administration of catalase could help in reducing the symptoms. Though, low amounts of SOD and catalase may not be sufficient to detoxify high amounts of free radicals. The administration of enzymes could help in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
Parametrial hydatid cyst with cystovesical fistula: a rare presentation
Authors: Shukla Samir , Khare Vidhu S. , Koshariya Mahim , Lal Vikas , Parmar Bhupendra , Tiwari Shashikant , Songra M. C.
Published: December 2019

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus. Theoretically, echinococcosis can involve any organ. The liver is the most common organ involved, followed by the lungs. However, uterus and and adnexa have an incidence of 0.5-1%. Till date, three cases have been reported in which a parametrial hydatid cyst formed a bladder fistula. A 57 year old female was admitted with complaint of burning micturition along with white coloured urine for the last 15-20 days with no other significant history. On examination and evaluation, it was suspected to a neoplastic pelvic mass causing gross right sided hydronephrosis. All biochemical markers were within normal limits. The patient was explored surgically on which a thick-walled lesion was found in right parametrium. The cavity of the lesion was filled with daughter hydatid cyst, along with communication into the bladder via a fistula. Open cystectomy was done after evacuation of daughter cysts and irrigation with scolicidal agents. The fistula was repaired. The patient recovered uneventfully and was doing well on follow-up. The incidence of hydatid cysts in the female reproductive system is very low and constitutes less than 0.5% of all hydatid cysts. However, rare cases have been reported, thus the clinician must be aware of this rare disease and should take precautions while operating, as any spillage may lead to anaphylactic shock.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T lymphoblastic type of mediastinum and breast, mimicking thymoma
Authors: Bhat Divakar , Jagadeeshwara Bhagyashree
Published: December 2019

T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is a common variant of Non-Hodgkin’s tumor of mediastinum which presents late due to aggressive spread. Immunohistochemical studies are conclusive in their diagnosis. We present a rare case of mediastinal tumor with left breast mass which mimicked thymoma on computed tomography guided biopsy but was diagnosed T-LBL on immunohistochemistry after surgical excision.
Polycystic liver disease: a rare case study
Authors: K. Sri Keerthi , Srinivasan Siddharth , Patil Rajeev , Boralkar Saurabh
Published: December 2019

Polycystic liver disease is a rare inherited disorder which affects 1 in 1,00,000 population. There are two forms of polycystic liver disease (PLD) i.e. isolated PLD and autosomal dominant PLD which is associated with renal cysts. PLD is usually asymptomatic and incidentally detected. Some may present with complaints of abdominal distension, bloating, early satiety, weight loss. Computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice to diagnose polycystic liver disease. Below we report you a case of 55-year-old female who came with the complaints of pain abdomen since 8 days and was diagnosed as polycystic liver disease on CT, who received treatment by laparoscopic fenestration surgery of cysts and showed symptomatic improvement.
Giant retrosternal goiter masquerading as, right posterior mediastinal mass: a rare case report
Authors: Punjani Jaykumar N. , Shah Kesha K. , Haridas Arun Kumar
Published: December 2019

Complete mediastinal plunging thyroid gland is a rare entity, accounting for 1% of all mediastinal tumours, particularly posterior mediastinal tumour much more rare. We would like to present, a 30-year-old lady presented to ENT department with neck swelling and its further investigation shown to be giant posterior mediastinal mass. Thyroid function tests were normal. CT scans of the neck and chest revealed a large right mediastinal mass compressing the trachea from the right side and extending to the superior part of the posterior mediastinum with enlarged right thyroid gland in the cervical position. Midline extended sternotomy was done for complete surgical excision of the mass along with right hemi thyroidectomy. It was well circumscribed, capsulated, multinodular firm inconsistency, and vascular. Histopathology revealed thyroid tissue negative for malignancy. Giant plunging thyroid in the mediastinum is very rare. It should be differentiated from other mediastinal mass. The plunging goiter in posterior mediastinum is surgically challenging. Transsternal surgical removal is the treatment of choice in such cases.
Rare presentations of acute appendicitis
Authors: Vedamanickam Pon Rachel
Published: December 2019

Acute appendicitis is the one of the most common emergency conditions that the rural surgeon must deal with. Though the majority of patients present with the typical symptoms of right iliac fossa pain, nausea and anorexia, many patients do present with atypical symptoms and signs. These patients present a challenge to rural surgeons. Acute appendicitis is a great mimic and can present with a variety of symptoms. The eyes don’t see what the mind doesn’t know and it is important to know the various ways in which appendicitis can present and to always keep it as a differential diagnosis while managing a patient with acute abdomen. In this paper we have looked at 4 different presentations of appendicitis. Appendicitis is a great mimic and should always be kept as a differential for acute abdomen.
The Complex Approach of the C-lightVer System to the Automated Error Localization in C-programs
Authors: Kondratyev Dmitry A. , Promsky Alexei V.
Published: December 2019

The C-lightVer system for the deductive verification of C programs is being developed at the IIS SB RAS. Based on the two-level architecture of the system, the C-light input language is translated into the intermediate C-kernel language. The meta generator of the correctness conditions receives the C-kernel program and Hoare logic for the C-kernel as input. To solve the well-known problem of determining loop invariants, the definite iteration approach was chosen. The body of the definite iteration loop is executed once for each element of the finite dimensional data structure, and the inference rule for them uses the substitution operation rep, which represents the action of the cycle in symbolic form. Also, in our meta generator, the method of semantic markup of correctness conditions has been implemented and expanded. It allows to generate explanations for unproven conditions and simplifies the errors localization. Finally, if the theorem prover fails to determine the truth of the condition, we can focus on proving its falsity. Thus a method of proving the falsity of the correctness conditions in the ACL2 system was developed. The need for more detailed explanations of the correctness conditions containing the replacement operation rep has led to a change of the algorithms for generating the replacement operation, and the generation of explanations for unproven correctness conditions. Modifications of these algorithms are presented in the article. They allow marking rep definition with semantic labels, extracting semantic labels from rep definition and generating description of break execution condition.
Methods for Domain Specification of Verification-Oriented Process Ontology
Authors: Garanina Natalia O. , Anureev Igor S. , Borovikova Olesya I. , Zyubin Vladimir E.
Published: December 2019

User-friendly formal specifications and verification of parallel and distributed systems from various subject fields, such as automatic control, telecommunications, business processes, are active research topics due to its practical significance. In this paper, we present methods for the development of verification-oriented domain-specific process ontologies which are used to describe parallel and distributed systems of subject fields. One of the advantages of such ontologies is their formal semantics which make possible formal verification of the described systems. Our method is based on the abstract verification-oriented process ontology. We use two methods of specialization of the abstract process ontology. The declarative method uses the specialization of the classes of the original ontology, introduction of new declarative classes, as well as use of new axioms system, which restrict the classes and relations of the abstract ontology. The constructive method uses semantic markup and pattern matching techniques to link sublect fields with classes of the abstract process ontology. We provide detailed ontological specifications for these techniques. Our methods preserve the formal semantics of the original process ontology and, therefore, the possibility of applying formal verification methods to the specialized process ontologies. We show that the constructive method is a refinement of the declarative method. The construction of ontology of the typical elements of automatic control systems illustrates our methods: we develop a declarative description of the classes and restrictions for the specialized ontology in the Prot´eg´e system in the OWL language using the deriving rules written in the SWRL language and we construct the system of semantic markup templates which implements typical elements of automatic control systems.
Property-Directed Inference of Relational Invariants
Authors: Mordvinov Dmitry A.
Published: December 2019

Property Directed Reachability (PDR) is an efficient and scalable approach to solving systems of symbolic constraints also known as Constrained Horn Clauses (CHC). In the case of non-linear CHCs, which may arise, e.g., from relational verification tasks, PDR aims to infer an inductive invariant for each uninterpreted predicate. However, in many practical cases this reasoning is not successful, as invariants should be derived for groups of predicates instead of individual predicates. The article describes a novel algorithm that identifies these groups automatically and complements the existing PDR technique. The key feature of the algorithm is that it does not require a possibly expensive synchronization transformation over the system of CHCs. We have implemented the algorithm on top of a up-to-date CHC solver Spacer. Our experimental evaluation shows that for some CHC systems, on which existing solvers diverge, our tool is able to discover relational invariants.
Emotions are not a private matter: Introduction to a special issue on emotions in interpersonal relationships
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Olszanowski Michał
Published: December 2019

Although emotions are frequently treated as highly intimate experiences, much empirical evidence indicates that they primarily play interpersonal functions. Here, we briefly review this evidence and argue that the relationship between emotions and social interactions may be bi-directional (that is, emotions may both influence and be influenced by social factors). The papers included in this special issue illustrate this bidirectionality with examples coming from studies on social judgments, emotional contagion, emotional regulation, empathy, and emotion vocalization. Taken together, these papers show that emotions and interpersonal relationships are inextricably intertwined.
Emotional reactions to dynamic morphed facial expressions: A new method to induce emotional contagion
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Olszanowski Michał
Published: December 2019

In the current study, we tested the utility of a new method developed to study emotional contagion (i.e., the transfer of emotional states between people). Inspired by studies on emotional mimicry – a process that has been postulated as one of the main mechanisms leading to emotional contagion, we created a set of videos showing morphed facial expressions of happiness, sadness, and anger. Following exposure to each video, participants rated their emotions. Our findings demonstrated that the videos evoked congruent emotions in viewers, thereby supporting the notion that dynamic morphed facial expressions may be effective “emotionally contagious” stimuli. Additionally, in line with the previous studies and classic theories of emotional contagion, the displays of anger evoked a complementary reaction of fear.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Sukuk and the Performance of banks of Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Sitara , Mazhar Fatima
Published: December 2019

Using panel data analysis, this study investigates the relationship among Islamic bonds (Sukuk) and the performance of IB’s of Pakistan for the period of 2008-2017. The study has used two stages approach. At the first stage, the profitability and liquidity of banks have been measured by calculating financial ratios. These ratios were than further used in regression analysis to examine whether a relationship exists between Sukuk and the bank’s profitability and liquidity. Our study found a significant positive relationship among Sukuk and the liquidity of IB’s. While, the results show significant but negative relationship between Sukuk and profitability of IB’s. Based on the findings of the study, we concluded that Sukuk has an important role in enhancing the liquidity of IB’s but it has adverse impact on the profitability of IB’s of Pakistan. Thus, the emergence of Sukuk market may pose threats to the profitability of the IB’s of Pakistan.
Knowledge Production in Natural History between Southeast Asia and the Low Countries
Authors: Leuker Maria-Theresia , Kießling Charlotte , Singh Anjana
Published: December 2019

Books such as Het Amboinsche Kruid-boek by Georgius Everhardus Rumphius and Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën by François Valentyn were pivotal works in the early modern world that contributed to natural-historical knowledge production. Post-colonial historiography has stressed the role of non-European actors in the process of creating knowledge on nature in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Research on spaces of knowledge creation, actors, networks, and mediality have received attention in recent historiography. Individual initiatives and cross-cultural contacts and networks facilitated dissemination of knowledge. This is particularly true for knowledge from the colonies that travelled long distances. The East India companies provided a conduit for the movement of people, books, plants, and animals between Asia and the Low Countries. Knowledge depended on the media of its representation that were often subject to change. Print media played an important role in the preservation and circulation of knowledge. By re-reading the texts of Rumphius and Valentyn through post-colonial perspectives and through new archival research, the articles of this special issue shed new light on networks, actors, spaces, and modes of representation in knowledge production in the early modern world.
The Importance of Being a Good Employee: Georg Everhard Rumphius, the Dutch East India Company, and Knowledge in the Late Seventeenth Century
Authors: Friedrich Susanne
Published: December 2019

This article analyses the complex interrelation between the VOC and scholarship by investigating the relationship between the Company and Georg Everhard Rumphius (1627-1702). First, it will consider the line Rumphius drew between himself as scholar and as a VOC employee. Secondly, the Company’s policy of secrecy is scrutinised in order to show how and to what extent it was in conflict with the habit of sharing knowledge and objects in the Republic of Letters. The third facet examines how the VOC context influenced Rumphius’s scholarly work and how his scholarly ambitions shaped some of his occupational writings. Building on these three aspects, this article argues that it was of paramount importance for Rumphius to maintain the image of his being a ‘good employee’ in order to obtain assistance from influential people within the VOC that might allow him to achieve his scholarly goals. However, the case of Rumphius also proves that doing research under the auspices of the Company came at a price, because in the process he lost all control over his works.
The Serious Naturalist and the Frivolous Collector: Convergent and Divergent Approaches to Nature in D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer
Authors: Van de Roemer Gijsbert M.
Published: December 2019

The traditional literature on D’Amboinsche Rariteitkamer depicts a difference between the editor of the text and images, Simon Schijnvoet (1652-1727), and the original author, Georg Everhard Rumphius (1627-1702). Schijnvoet was seen as the ‘frivolous collector’ who did not understand the motives of the original author, whereas Rumphius was seen as the ‘serious naturalist’ and biologist avant la lettre, whose work predated Linnaeus. This paper re-evaluates these contrasting views by placing both men against a broader background of a ‘scientific culture’ and ‘knowledge production’, that was in part informed by the practice of collecting. By discussing their views on the classification of specimens, the formation of specific stones, and the locality of fossilised shells, questions emerge about Rumphius’s modernity and Schijnvoet’s alleged indifference. Even though their opinions often diverged, it will be shown that the motives and interests of the two men were not that different.
Southern-Netherlandish Observations and Knowledge Production of Naturalia on the Seas: The Writings of Michael de Febure (1721)
Authors: De Winter Wim
Published: December 2019

Just as was the case for other European sea voyages, maritime expeditions from the Southern-Netherlandish port of Ostend to Asia presented opportunities for the bringing of naturalia to Europe, and with it the production of knowledge on the natural world in the early eighteenth century. While this exchange took place alongside the more commercial aspect of these expeditions, and mostly comprised gift objects being brought back for the curiosity cabinets of Austrian-Netherlandish dignitaries, the journal of chaplain Michael de Febure – sailing in 1721 on the ship Sint-Pieter from the port of Ostend to the Indian Malabar coast – presents a different type of the production of natural historical knowledge. This source offers us a unique insight into the ways in which marine life and naturalia were approached from a shipboard perspective. This fits within an ecological perspective on the ways in which the sea and the shipboard formed a space for knowledge production on naturalia for Southern Netherlandish sailors and sea-going passengers.
Ex Vivo Human Placenta Perfusion, Metabolic and Functional Imaging for Obstetric Research—A Feasibility Study
Authors: Madsen Katrine Elbæk , Mariager Christian Østergaard , Duvald Christina S. , Hansen Esben Søvsø Szocska , Bertelsen Lotte Bonde , Pedersen Michael , Pedersen Lars Henning , Uldbjerg Niels , Laustsen Christoffer
Published: December 2019

Placenta metabolism is closely linked to pregnancy outcome, and few modalities are currently available for studying the human placenta. Here, we aimed to investigate a novel ex vivo human placenta perfusion system for metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The metabolic effects of 3 different human placentas were investigated using functional and metabolic magnetic resonance imaging. The placenta glucose metabolism and hemodynamics were characterized with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging and by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate showed a decrease in the 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio from the highest to the lowest metabolic active placenta. The metabolic profile was complemented by a more homogenous distributed hemodynamic response, with a longer mean transit time and higher blood volume. This study shows different placenta metabolic and hemodynamic features associated with the placenta functional status using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance ex vivo. This study supports further studies using ex vivo metabolic imaging of the placenta alterations associated with pregnancy complications.
Defining Characteristics of Nodal Disease on PET/CT Scans in Patients With HIV-Positive and -Negative Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in South Africa
Authors: Minnaar Carrie Anne , Baeyens Ans , Ayeni Olusegun Akinwale , Kotzen Jeffrey Allan , Vangu Mboyo-Di-Tamba
Published: December 2019

Literature reports increased FDG nodal uptake in HIV-positive patients. Our aim is to identify differences in presentation and characteristics of FDG-avid lymph nodes between HIV-positive and HIV-negative locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) patients in our clinical setting. We evaluated 250 pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging studies from women screened for a phase III randomised controlled trial investigating modulated electro-hyperthermia as a radiosensitiser (Ethics approval: M120477). The number of nodes; size; maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax); symmetry; and relationship between nodal size and SUVmax uptake, were assessed by region and by HIV status. In total, 1314 nodes with a SUVmax ≥ 2.5 were visualised. Of 128(51%) HIV-positive participants, 82% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 had a CD4 count four nodes visualised in the neck, symmetrical inguinal lymph nodes, increased rates of supraclavicular node visualisation; FDG-avid axillary nodes were more common, but not exclusive, in HIV-positive participants. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a reliable staging method for LACC in HIV-positive patients who are not in acute stages of HIV infection, have a CD4 count >200 cells/µL, and/or are on ART and there is a potential risk of underestimating metastatic spread by attributing increased nodal metabolic activity to HIV infection in these patients.
An Analysis of Heat Exchange Crisis in the Capillary Porous System for Cooling Parts of Heat and Power Units
Authors: Genbach A.A. , Bondartsev D.Y.
Published: December 2019

A model of dynamics of the vapor bubbles that emerge on solid surfaces of porous structures and the steam generating wall (bottom layer) is presented in this work. The model was filmed and photographed by a high-speed camera SKS-1М. The discharge of high heat flows (up to 2·106 W/m2) was maintained by the joint action of capillary and mass forces with the help of intensifiers. An analytical model was developed based on the theory of thermoelasticity. The limit state of the porous coating with poor thermal conductivity and the metal bottom layer was determined. Heat flows were calculated from the spontaneous birth of the vapour nucleus (10–8) to the material destruction (102–103 s), thus the interval from the process of relaxation to the maximum process (destruction) was described. The size of the pullout particles determined in the model at the moment of porous coating destruction showed good congruence with the experimental data obtained at the optic stand. The destruction of coating under the compression forces occurs much earlier than the tension forces. It is probable that the destruction will happen under the impact of the compression and shear forces. The intervals of the heat flow when such destruction takes place are different for quartz and granite coating. Each thickness of the pullout particles under the impact of compression forces has its limit values of the heat flows, which are located within the mentioned intervals. As the specific heat flow in the heated layer increases and, therefore, the heating time decreases, the impact of the compression stresses increases as well. Despite the high resistance to compression, destruction from the compressive heat tension occurs in more favorable conditions immediately, and in diminutive volumes. Experimental testing units, test conditions, the outcome of the heat exchange crisis, the limit state of the surface and the calculation of critical heat flows are presented. The capillary porous system that works under the joint action of capillary and mass forces is studied. The system has advantages compared to pool boiling, thin-film evaporators and heat pipes.