bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shifting mutational constraints in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain during viral evolution
Authors: Starr Tyler N. , Greaney Allison J. , Hannon William W. , Loes Andrea N. , Hauser Kevin , Dillen Josh R. , Ferri Elena , Farrell Ariana Ghez , Dadonaite Bernadeta , McCallum Matthew , Matreyek Kenneth A. , Corti Davide , Veesler David , Snell Gyorgy , Bloom Jesse D.
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved variants with substitutions in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) that affect its affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and recognition by antibodies. These substitutions could also shape future evolution by modulating the effects of mutations at other sites—a phenomenon called epistasis. To investigate this possibility, we performed deep mutational scans to measure the effects on ACE2 binding of all single–amino acid mutations in the Wuhan-Hu-1, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Eta variant RBDs. Some substitutions, most prominently Asn
501
→Tyr (N501Y), cause epistatic shifts in the effects of mutations at other sites. These epistatic shifts shape subsequent evolutionary change—for example, enabling many of the antibody-escape substitutions in the Omicron RBD. These epistatic shifts occur despite high conservation of the overall RBD structure. Our data shed light on RBD sequence-function relationships and facilitate interpretation of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 evolution.
Coordinated activation of TGF-β and BMP pathways promotes autophagy and limits liver injury after acetaminophen intoxication
Authors: Stavropoulos Athanasios , Divolis Georgios , Manioudaki Maria , Gavriil Ariana , Kloukina Ismini , Perrea Despina N. , Sountoulidis Alexandros , Ford Ethan , Doulou Athanasia , Apostolidou Anastasia , Katsantoni Elena , Ritvos Olli , Germanidis Georgios , Xilouri Maria , Sideras Paschalis
Published: June 2022

Ligands of the transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), have been implicated in hepatic development, homeostasis, and pathophysiology. We explored the mechanisms by which hepatocytes decode and integrate injury-induced signaling from TGF-βs and activins (TGF-β/Activin) and BMPs. We mapped the spatiotemporal patterns of pathway activation during liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in dual reporter mice carrying a fluorescent reporter of TGF-β/Activin signaling and a fluorescent reporter of BMP signaling. APAP intoxication induced the expression of both reporters in a zone of cells near areas of tissue damage, which showed an increase in autophagy and demarcated the borders between healthy and injured tissues. Inhibition of TGF-β superfamily signaling by overexpressing the inhibitor Smad7 exacerbated acute liver histopathology but eventually accelerated tissue recovery. Transcriptomic analysis identified autophagy as a process stimulated by TGF-β1 and BMP4 in hepatocytes, with
Trp53inp2
, which encodes a rate-limiting factor for autophagy initiation, as the most highly induced autophagy-related gene. Collectively, these findings illustrate the functional interconnectivity of the TGF-β superfamily signaling system, implicate the coordinated activation of TGF-β/Activin and BMP pathways in balancing tissue reparatory and regenerative processes upon APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, and highlight opportunities and potential risks associated with targeting this signaling system for treating hepatic diseases.
Plasma and Intrapulmonary Concentrations of Tebipenem following Oral Administration of Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide to Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Rodvold Keith A. , Gotfried Mark H. , Gupta Vipul , Ek Amanda , Srivastava Praveen , Talley Angela , Bruss Jon
Published: June 2022

Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is an oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. The active moiety, tebipenem, has broad-spectrum activity against commonEnterobacteralespathogens, including extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing multidrug-resistant strains.
Last Bacteria Standing: VREfm Persistence in the Hospitalized Gut
Authors: Stellfox Madison E. , Van Tyne Daria
Published: June 2022

Enterococci are gram-positive, gastrointestinal (GI) tract commensal bacteria that have recently evolved into multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. Enterococci are intrinsically hardy, meaning that they can thrive in challenging environments and outlast other commensal bacteria.
Draft Genome Sequence of Purpureocillium takamizusanense, a Potential Bioinsecticide
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Hung , Tamura Tomokazu , Shimizu Kiminori
Published: June 2022

To investigate the biocontrol capability of the entomopathogenic fungus
Purpureocillium takamizusanense
, the genome of the wild-type strain isolated from synnemata on
Meimuna opalifera
, was sequenced using a combination of HiSeq and Nanopore technologies, and annotated using evidence from RNA sequences and protein sequences from its sister species
Purpureocillium lilacinum
.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni Strain X Reveals the Presence of pVir- and pTet-like Plasmids
Authors: Karlyshev Andrey V.
Published: June 2022

Here, I report the complete genome sequence of
Campylobacter jejuni
strain X, containing two plasmids similar to pVir and pTet, which were originally identified in strain 81-176. Scrutiny of complete genome sequences in GenBank revealed several other strains with similar plasmid contents. Comparative genome analysis suggested a common origin of these plasmids.
Almost half of people on long term antidepressants can stop without relapsing
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz , Cassidy Samantha , Duffy Larisa , Lewis Gemma , Lewis Glyn
Published: June 2022

The study

Duffy L, Clarke CS, Lewis G, et al. Antidepressant medication to prevent depression relapse in primary care: the ANTLER RCT. Health Technol Assess 2021;25:69.

To read the full NIHR Alert, go to: https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/almost-half-people-long-term-antidepressants-stop-without-relapse/
Uncovering the burden of hidden ciliopathies in the 100 000 Genomes Project: a reverse phenotyping approach
Authors: Best Sunayna , Yu Jing , Lord Jenny , Roche Matthew , Watson Christopher Mark , Bevers Roel P J , Stuckey Alex , Madhusudhan Savita , Jewell Rosalyn , Sisodiya Sanjay M , Lin Siying , Turner Stephen , Robinson Hannah , Leslie Joseph S , Baple Emma ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Toomes Carmel , Inglehearn Chris , Wheway Gabrielle , Johnson Colin A
Published: June 2022

Background

The 100 000 Genomes Project (100K) recruited National Health Service patients with eligible rare diseases and cancer between 2016 and 2018. PanelApp virtual gene panels were applied to whole genome sequencing data according to Human Phenotyping Ontology (HPO) terms entered by recruiting clinicians to guide focused analysis.

Methods

We developed a reverse phenotyping strategy to identify 100K participants with pathogenic variants in nine prioritised disease genes (BBS1, BBS10, ALMS1, OFD1, DYNC2H1, WDR34, NPHP1, TMEM67, CEP290), representative of the full phenotypic spectrum of multisystemic primary ciliopathies. We mapped genotype data ‘backwards’ onto available clinical data to assess potential matches against phenotypes. Participants with novel molecular diagnoses and key clinical features compatible with the identified disease gene were reported to recruiting clinicians.

Results

We identified 62 reportable molecular diagnoses with variants in these nine ciliopathy genes. Forty-four have been reported by 100K, 5 were previously unreported and 13 are new diagnoses. We identified 11 participants with unreportable, novel molecular diagnoses, who lacked key clinical features to justify reporting to recruiting clinicians. Two participants had likely pathogenic structural variants and one a deep intronic predicted splice variant. These variants would not be prioritised for review by standard 100K diagnostic pipelines.

Conclusion

Reverse phenotyping improves the rate of successful molecular diagnosis for unsolved 100K participants with primary ciliopathies. Previous analyses likely missed these diagnoses because incomplete HPO term entry led to incorrect gene panel choice, meaning that pathogenic variants were not prioritised. Better phenotyping data are therefore essential for accurate variant interpretation and improved patient benefit.
An Efficient Algorithm for Embedding Two-Dimensional Tori into Balanced Hypercubes
Authors: Lai Pao-Lien , Chen Kuan-Ting , Chang Chien-Ping , Hsu Hong-Chun
Published: June 2022

Balanced hypercube is a variant of the hypercube structure; it offers desirable properties such as connectivity, diameter, and fault-tolerance. Cycles and tori are popular interconnection topologies and have been widely used in distributed-memory parallel computers. Scholars have developed diverse and numerous parallel algorithms of cycles and tori. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm, called reflected edge label sequence, to generate cycle structures in balanced hypercubes. With this algorithm, we can embed cycles of length [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], into an [Formula: see text]-dimensional balanced hypercube. The corresponding algorithm for embedding 2-dimensional [Formula: see text] tori can be constructed on the basis of this approach, and the time complexity is linear with respect to the size of a balanced hypercube.
Advances in Intelligent Expert Systems for Risk Analysis in a Complex Business Environment with Appropriate Solutions
Authors: Zhang Honglei , Zang Zhenbo , Zhu Hongjun , Vignesh Chandru
Published: June 2022

Today’s commonly used risk management procedures allow the planning team to focus on sensitive areas. It focuses the project team’s attention on activities and resources when a great risk threat exists or when the most time- and effective-engineering solutions can achieve expense reductions. Industrial security issues have worsened dramatically over the last decade. Over time, the risks in the sector rose as limited, single-train or batch operations shifted to massive multi-train operations. Often an accident leads to detrimental effects: shutting down the operation, loss of life, environmental disruption, and loss of business. The reparation of losses from the budget is unwelcome since the government’s reserve will not cope with these needs. This paper has a definitive comparative edge for company sponsors for project risk management (PRM) strategy. The sponsors who knowingly take chances, forecast unfavorable developments, defend themselves against unforeseen incidents and gain experience in price danger take the lead. However, this market benefit is largely dependent on the method to initially identify risks in the architecture of extensive multidisciplinary capital ventures. This paper explores how a sustainable market strategy works in reality. Using the market model, the business issues that need to be considered during the implementation or expansion of urban strategies are discussed. The PRM strategy shows a better-quality assurance ratio of 97.2%, probability ratio of 95.3%, safety rate of 97.5%, reduced risk management rate of 22.6%, an accident rate of 17.4%, cost management of 25.1% and fuel consumption ratio of 23.7% when compared to existing strategies.
Shock-Loading-Based Reliability Modeling with Dependent Degradation Processes and Random Shocks
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhu Mengmeng
Published: June 2022

In general, a system deteriorates due to internal physical degradation and external random shocks. Previous studies mainly focused on establishing dependent competing risk models to evaluate mutual effects of degradation processes and random shocks affecting system health. However, there is a lack of consideration about the magnitude of impacts caused by random shocks on degradation processes. Thus, a shock-loading-based degradation model is proposed to classify the magnitude of impacts from random shocks on degradation processes based on the threshold of the cumulative shock loading. Copula methods are utilized to derive joint reliability function from multiple marginal distributions of degradation processes. Two numerical examples are utilized to demonstrate the reliability prediction performance of the proposed model. First, a simulated example is used. The second example employs the turbofan engine degradation data from the NASA Prognostic Data Repository to show the performance of the proposed shock-loading-based degradation process and its corresponding system reliability model.
LiteCON
: An All-photonic Neuromorphic Accelerator for Energy-efficient Deep Learning
Authors: Dang Dharanidhar , Lin Bill , Sahoo Debashis
Published: June 2022

Deep learning is highly pervasive in today's data-intensive era. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are being widely adopted in a variety of fields for superior accuracy. However, computing deep CNNs on traditional CPUs and GPUs brings several performance and energy pitfalls. Several novel approaches based on ASIC, FPGA, and resistive-memory devices have been recently demonstrated with promising results. Most of them target only the inference (testing) phase of deep learning. There have been very limited attempts to design a full-fledged deep learning accelerator capable of both training and inference. It is due to the highly compute- and memory-intensive nature of the training phase. In this article, we propose
LiteCON
, a novel analog photonics CNN accelerator.
LiteCON
uses silicon microdisk-based convolution, memristor-based memory, and dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing for energy-efficient and ultrafast deep learning. We evaluate
LiteCON
using a commercial CAD framework (IPKISS) on deep learning benchmark models including LeNet and VGG-Net. Compared to the state of the art,
LiteCON
improves the CNN throughput, energy efficiency, and computational efficiency by up to 32×, 37×, and 5×, respectively, with trivial accuracy degradation.
Reconstructing the Linear Relations by Designing Bi-Atom Sites on NbS2 for the Efficient Nitrogen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wang Yiran , Shang Jiaxiang
Published: June 2022

Tremendous enthusiasm for bi-atom catalysts (BACs) for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been aroused due to the insufficient activation of N2 in single-atom catalysts (SACs). Herein, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the catalytic activities toward NRR of the NbS2-based SACs and BACs have been investigated. Our results reveal that there are typical volcano relationships between catalytic activities (limiting potentials) and the adsorption free energies of NNH* (∆G(NNH)*) on SACs, but the peak limiting potential is only −0.57 V. Interestingly, this volcano relationship can be reconstructed by supporting bi-atoms sites on NbS2, in which ∆G(NH2)* can serve as the descriptor to predict the catalytic performance of BACs. Most importantly, the optimal limiting potential of Mn2 BAC can reach a significant −0.26 V via an enzymatic pathway. These results compare catalytic activities between SACs and BACs and provide a theoretical basis for exploring novel, highly efficient electrocatalysts for NRR.
Contribution of fatty acid oxidation to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Lee Michael H. , Sanders Linda , Kumar Rahul , Hernandez-Saavedra Daniel , Yun Xin , Ford Joshay A. , Perez Mario J. , Mickael Claudia , Gandjeva Aneta , Koyanagi Daniel E. , Harral Julie W. , Irwin David C. , Kassa Biruk , Eckel Robert H. , Shimoda Larissa A. , Graham Brian B. , Tuder Rubin M.
Published: June 2022

Dysregulated metabolism characterizes both animal and human forms of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism have previously not been assessed in human pulmonary arteries affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and how inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) may attenuate PH remains unclear. Fatty acid metabolism gene transcription was quantified in laser-dissected pulmonary arteries from 10 explanted lungs with advanced PAH (5 idiopathic, 5 associated with systemic sclerosis), and 5 donors without lung diseases. Effects of oxfenicine, a FAO inhibitor, on female Sugen 5416-chronic hypoxia (SuHx) rats were studied in vivo using right heart catheterization, and ex vivo using perfused lungs and pulmonary artery ring segments. The impact of pharmacologic (oxfenicine) and genetic (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a heterozygosity) FAO suppression was additionally probed in mouse models of Schistosoma and hypoxia-induced PH. Potential mechanisms underlying FAO-induced PH pathogenesis were examined by quantifying ATP and mitochondrial mass in oxfenicine-treated SuHx pulmonary arterial cells, and by assessing pulmonary arterial macrophage infiltration with immunohistochemistry. We found upregulated pulmonary arterial transcription of 26 and 13 FAO genes in idiopathic and systemic sclerosis-associated PAH, respectively. In addition to promoting de-remodeling of pulmonary arteries in SuHx rats, oxfenicine attenuated endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction. FAO inhibition also conferred modest benefit in the two mouse models of PH. Oxfenicine increased mitochondrial mass in cultured rat pulmonary arterial cells, and decreased the density of perivascular macrophage infiltration in pulmonary arteries of treated SuHx rats. In summary, FAO inhibition attenuated experimental PH, and may be beneficial in human PAH.
Supporting Paths for the Development of New Urbanization in Shaanxi Province Based on Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Tian Jianhua
Published: June 2022

Since the advent of modern society, urbanization has developed significantly all over the world, especially in developing countries with large scale and good economy. However, urbanization research is often not well executed due to problems such as unpredictable and difficult to capture due to the huge amount of data. In order to be able to adapt measures to local conditions and provide classified guidance when implementing the urbanization strategy, this study takes China’s Shaanxi Province as an example to deeply explore the new problems and countermeasures faced by urbanization in the context of entering an urban society. It adopts the method of fast Fourier transform and analyzes the urbanization of Shaanxi Province. It also conducts experimental research on the industrial factors that promote its urbanization, and the results show that when the proportion of nonagricultural industry added value increases by 1 percentage point, the urbanization level of Shaanxi will increase by about 0.24 percentage points. When other factors remain unchanged, when the per capita income gap between urban and rural residents increases by 100 yuan, the urbanization level of Shaanxi will increase by 0.152 percentage points. Therefore, in order to promote the development of new urbanization in Shaanxi, Shaanxi should focus on the development of nonagricultural industries, especially the tertiary industry.
Investigation and Analysis of Infection among Inpatients in a Tertiary Hospital in Shanghai
Authors: Yu Jiao , Wang Jing , Fang Xinying , Huang Feihu
Published: June 2022

Objectives. This study is aimed at obtaining information about the prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) and the use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients and providing relevant references for further understanding, preventing, and controlling NIs. Methods. The medical records of adult patients admitted to a hospital in Shanghai from November to December 2021 were analyzed. The patients were divided into the NI group, community-acquired infection (CAI) group, and uninfected or healed group according to their infection status. The survey results were summarized and analyzed. Results. A total of 1485 patients were investigated, including 115 patients in the NI group, 172 patients in the CAI group, and 1198 patients in the uninfected or healed group. In the NI group, the main infection site was intra-abdominal tissue (49.6%), followed by lower respiratory tract (unrelated to application of catheters) (13%). There were 73 pathogens detected in the samples submitted from the NI group, mainly including 8 cases (11%) of Escherichia coli, 9 cases (12%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 40 cases (55%) of negative microbiological test results. Thirteen of 115 patients with NIs had infections with drug-resistant bacteria, including 9 cases (69.2%) of CRE (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae), 2 cases (15.38%) of VRE (vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus), 1 case (7.69%) of MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and 1 case (7.69%) of CRAB (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii). In terms of medication, single drug use accounted for the majority of the NI group (66.3%) and CAI group (60.6%); both groups had less frequent quadruple drugs. In the uninfected or healed group, single drug occupied 92.0%, and dual drug use accounted for 8.0%. Cefoperazone/sulbactam was the most commonly used antibacterial drug in the NI group (18.0%) and CAI group (17.6%), and piperacillin/tazobactam accounted for 14.0% and 17.6% in the two groups, respectively. In the uninfected or healed group, cefuroxime accounted for 59.8%, followed by cefoperazone/sulbactam (13.3%). Conclusion. This study provides a scientific basis for effective control of NIs. Strict implementation of aseptic techniques, reduction of invasive operations, and rational use of anti-infective drugs can minimize the incidence of nosocomial infection to ultimately achieve effective prevention and control of NIs.
The Efficacy of Targeted Perioperative Management for Diabetic Patients with Traumatic Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Hao Sibin , Liu Yunpeng , Yu Mingtai , Sun Fang , Wang Dezhang
Published: June 2022

Objective. To assess the efficacy of targeted perioperative management for diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures. Methods. Between April 2020 and December 2020, 100 diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures treated in our institution satisfying the inclusion criteria were enrolled and assigned to receive either conventional treatment with surgery or plaster fixation (observation group) or targeted treatment with surgery or plaster fixation (experimental group) via the random number table method, with 50 patients in each group. All eligible patients were followed up for 1 year postoperatively. Outcome measures included length of hospital stay, recovery time, fracture healing, duration of postoperative wound drainage, complication rate, blood glucose, and treatment satisfaction. The Maryland score was used for the assessment of foot function. Results. The duration of postoperative wound drainage, length of hospital stay, and recovery time in the experimental group (3.63 ± 1.04 d, 12.13 ± 3.77 d, and 111.22 ± 16.24 d) were significantly shorter than those in the observation group (5.71 ± 2.34 d, 15.28 ± 4.42 d, 123.10 ± 22.82 d) (

P
<
0.01

). The experimental group obtained a markedly higher complete healing rate versus the observation group (

P
<
0.001

). A significantly lower complication rate was observed in the experimental group than in the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). The Maryland scores results were dichotomized into good (≥75 points) and poor (<75 points). The experimental group showed significantly higher Maryland scores good rate and treatment satisfaction versus the observation group (

P
<
0.01

). The experimental group patients were associated with better postoperative fasting glucose and 2 h postprandial glucose versus those in the observation group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Targeted treatment in the perioperative management of diabetic patients with traumatic calcaneal fractures significantly promotes the recovery of patients, reduces the incidence of complications, increases treatment satisfaction, and ameliorates the doctor-patient relationship.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristic Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine on Neurocognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Tumors after Laparoscopic Operation
Authors: Ding Miao , Xu Xianfei , Xia Lianfei , Cao Yunfei
Published: June 2022

In order to investigate the effects of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative anesthesia recovery time and consciousness function in elderly patients with laparoscopic colorectal tumors, 40 patients (20 in the control group and 20 in the DEX group) were selected. The DEX group was intravenously pumped at a rate of 0.8 μg/kg/h for 10 min and then continuously pumped at a rate of 0.3 μg/kg/h until 40 min before the end of the operation. The two groups were given the same amount of normal saline, with the same way of anesthesia. The results showed that the visual analog scale (VAS) score of pain in the two groups decreased signally. Compared with the control group, the inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-2) in the DEX group were remarkably decreased at T1 and T2 stages, with a considerable difference (

P
<
0.05

). One month after the auxiliary diagnosis of colorectal tumor, no clear nodular, irregular shape patches, or patchy diffuse limited points were found, which indicated that the whole tumor had been removed. In summary, DEX could improve postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients who underwent the laparoscopic radical resection of colon cancer, and its mechanism was related to the reduction of inflammatory factors. Therefore, the anesthesia intervention with DEX during the operation had a positive significance for tumor resection.
Bandwidth Selection in Geographically Weighted Regression Models via Information Complexity Criteria
Authors: Koç Tuba
Published: June 2022

The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model is a local spatial regression technique used to determine and map spatial variations in the relationships between variables. In the GWR model, the bandwidth is very important as it can change the parameter estimates and affect the model performance. In this study, we applied the information complexity (ICOMP) type criteria in the selection of fixed bandwidth for the first time in the literature. The ICOMP‐type criteria use a complexity measure that measures how parameters in the model relate to each other. A real dataset example and a simulation study have been conducted. Results of the simulation demonstrate that GWR models created with the bandwidth selection by ICOMP‐type criteria show superior performance. In addition, when the bandwidth is selected according to the ICOMP‐type criteria and the GWR model is created for the actual total fertility rate data, it is seen that the spatial distribution of the total fertility rate estimates is quite compatible with the distribution of the actual total fertility rate. According to the results, ICOMP‐type criteria can be used effectively instead of the classical criteria in the literature in the selection of bandwidth in the GWR model.
Applying of Marine Predators Algorithm Linked with Reservoir Simulation Model considering Sedimentation for Reservoir Operation
Authors: Ngamsert Ratsuda , Kangrang Anongrit
Published: June 2022

This paper proposes the Marine Predators algorithm (MPA) linked with the reservoir simulation model and considering sedimentation, in order to improve reservoir rule curves. The release criteria of the hedging rule (HR) and standard operating policy (SOP) were investigated in this study. The results showed that the patterns of the new optimal rule curves from the MPA technique considering sedimentation and using HR were practically useful in this study, as were the patterns of the new optimal rule curves using SOP and those of the existing rule curves. Furthermore, the new optimal rule curves using HR criteria were able to alleviate both water scarcity and excess water situations better than both existing rule curves and optimal rule curves using SOP in terms of minimal average water shortage. The new curves reduced minimal average water shortage by 53% and excess release water deficit by 19%, whereas the frequency of water shortage term was increased by 3%. The results of rule curves efficiency from MPA were higher than GA and FPA techniques in terms of providing solutions. There was a significant difference in the efficiency of water problem alleviation between considering and not considering sedimentation. It can be concluded that the MPA linked with reservoir simulation using HR criteria and considering sedimentation can be used to find optimal rule curve solutions effectively.
Oblique Crack Propagation of Brittle Rock under Uniaxial Compression and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Wang Han , Tian Haoyuan
Published: June 2022

With the development of infrastructure in China, the slope rock mass is affected by external forces such as roads. Tunnel excavation will cause a series of engineering problems, which are essentially caused by the instability caused by the propagation of internal cracks in the rock mass. At the same time, in practical engineering, the rock mass is formed through long-term geological structure, and its internal cracks have a variety of properties. Based on granite samples as the research object, two different angles of sample shapes, cylindrical and circular, are prefabricated. The uniaxial compression test is studied to analyze the law of inclined crack propagation in rock under uniaxial compression. Combined with the theory of fracture mechanics, the influence mechanism of crack inclination and sample shape on crack propagation in rock mass is discussed. The test results show that under uniaxial compression, the stress-strain curves of granite samples can be divided into four stages: compaction, elasticity, plasticity, and residual deformation. For the cylindrical sample, the crack initiation occurs at the tip. The compressive strength of the sample decreases with the increase in the prefabricated crack angle, and the crack initiation angle increases with the increase in the prefabricated crack angle. The fracture of the sample changes from shear slip failure to split shear failure of the penetrating rock mass with the increase in the crack angle. For the disk sample, the crack initiation location gradually increases from the tip to the middle with the increase in the crack angle, and the crack initiation angle increases with the increase in the crack angle. The peak load of the sample decreases first and then increases with the increase in the crack angle and is the minimum at 60°. The fracture mode of the sample is mainly tensile failure. When the crack dip angle is between 30° and 60°, the tensile and shear composite failure of the sample occurs, and the influence mechanism of crack dip angle and sample shape on the crack propagation path is analyzed. The research results have important theoretical significance for engineering design, construction, and stability maintenance.
Practice towards Prevention and Control Measures of Coronavirus Disease and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in the Health Facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Negera Atoma , Hailu Chernet , Birhanu Addis
Published: June 2022

Background. A novel coronavirus, a virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. The virus affects the respiratory system and it is highly contagious, spreading from person to person. Healthcare workers are more at risk due to the nature of their work, which is caring for both COVID-19-affected and nonaffected patients. Lack of knowledge about the disease directly affects early diagnosis and treatment, which may result in the rapid spread of the infection in the community. Having enough knowledge about a disease can always affect an individual’s attitudes and practices. However, there is limited evidence on the knowledge, attitude, practice of prevention, and control measures of COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used among 334 samples of health workers who were selected using a stratified two-stage sampling technique, from health facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone from May to June 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the HCWs. The information collected was entered to EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for further analyses. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the KA practice of the HCWs. Those variables with a

p

value <05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered as statistically significantly associated with the outcome variable. Result. Among the participating HCWs, 208 (64%; 95% CI: (58.8%, 69.2%)) of them had good practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 with the mean (±SD) practice score was 7.63 ± 2.45. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that being a health center worker (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.60)), being trained (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: (0.21, 0 .82)), and having sufficient knowledge (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: (1.35, 5.53)) were significantly associated with good preventive practice. Conclusion. The overall magnitude of practice of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 was not sufficient. Therefore, strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to exercise practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 are needed.
Meta‐Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Interleukin‐23‐Targeted Drugs in the Treatment of Moderate‐to‐Severe Psoriasis
Authors: Zhu Teng , Ma Lin
Published: June 2022

In this study, our purpose was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23)‐targeted drugs in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis and provide an evidence‐based reference for clinical treatment. A computer search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Journal Full Text Database, Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database was conducted from the establishment of the database to 2021‐09‐30. The efficacy of IL‐23‐targeted drugs (trial group) was compared with placebo (control group) in the treatment of psoriasis; i.e., PASI score improvement of 75% or more (PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100) and the safety of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected. Meta‐analysis was performed using Rev Man 5.4.3 statistical software after data extraction for clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 9 studies were included, all included studies were large multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies, and all used correct randomization methods and were of good quality. Meta‐analysis showed that the improvement rates of PASI 75, PASI 90, and PASI 100 in the test group were superior to those in the control group (OR = 70.21 (42.25, 166.66), P < 0.00001), (OR = 78.41 (53.09, 115.79), P < 0.00001), and (OR = 77.10 (38.61, 153.99), P < 0.00001), P < 0.05. However, more adverse effects occurred, and the differences were statistically significant. IL‐23‐targeted drugs have significantly higher response rates compared to placebo in the treatment of psoriasis, and the safety was acceptable.
Numerical Evaluation of the Influence of the Outlet Nozzle Diameter of a Piezoelectric Gas Injector on Its Flow Properties
Authors: Szpica Dariusz , Mieczkowski Grzegorz , Borawski Andrzej , Koten Hasan
Published: June 2022

The paper presents the results of flow analyses of a piezoelectric gas injector with pulse action. The conceptual solution, due to the use of a piezoelectric actuator, is characterized by shorter opening and closing times. This promotes the precision of fuel dosing. It also meets current trends in environmental protection. The innovation in the injector under study is the use of a beam actuator comprising three layers, two active and one passive. The electromechanical characteristics of the converter were determined based on the method in which the actuator is treated as a bent beam with a locally implemented piezoelectric segment. Based on such assumptions, the deformation shape of the actuator and, as a result, the opening degree of the injector valve were determined. Flow studies were carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the ANSYS Fluent environment. The RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) approach and the k-ω SST turbulence model were adopted. The solution was sought based on the standard SIMPLE scheme and polyhedral mesh. It allowed the determination of the flow characteristics of the analysed injector, with variable valve lift and outlet nozzle diameter.
Constructing a Data-Driven Model of English Language Teaching with a Multidimensional Corpus
Authors: Chen Dongyan
Published: June 2022

In this study, a multidimensional corpus English teaching model is constructed using the data-driven model. This study uses a data-driven collection of massive amounts of data to generate a multidimensional corpus. The data-driven generation of a multidimensional corpus to build a teaching model is studied, and the principle of data driven, the computational process, and the characteristics of the corpus are analyzed. Due to the deficiency of data-driven modeling without correlating process variables with quality variables, this study adopts an artificial intelligence algorithm and analyzes the basic principle, computational process, and advantages and disadvantages of the method. The model is simulated and verified for multidimensional corpus and English teaching. To address the shortcomings of the AI algorithm, which has a complex computation process and no orthogonal decomposition of the data space, the autoregressive latent structure projection algorithm is designed by integrating the autoregressive idea with the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. This algorithm can orthogonally decompose the sample data space and simplify the modeling process. Finally, the algorithm is validated by simulation. To verify the results of the teaching model, the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm is combined with the autoregressive latent structure projection algorithm in this study. The sample data used in the modeling are divided into categories, and the affiliation function is calculated for each category. The affiliation function is used to calculate the affiliation of the online calculation results for each category, and the final evaluation results are obtained based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Finally, taking junior students as an example, the simulation is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the English teaching model. The research results show that the corpus-based English flipped classroom teaching model improves English teaching methods, enhances students’ English proficiency and independent learning ability, and provides a practical basis for English teaching model exploration.
Surgical Treatment of Bilateral Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Jiang Ming , Zhou Jiahao , Liu Jun , Fang Zhen , Chen Zejun
Published: June 2022

Background. Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the common clinical intracranial hemorrhagic disorders, accounting for 16%–20% of bilateral CSDH. At present, the surgical treatment of bilateral CSDH mainly includes drilling drainage and neuroendoscopic assistance. The main objective of this paper was to compare the effects of two surgical methods on CSDH. Methods. 153 patients who were diagnosed with CSDH were included in this study. 79 patients were treated with bilateral drilling drainage, and the other 74 patients were treated with neuroendoscope-assisted drainage. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the surgical indexes, neurological function, cure rate, and recurrence rate of the two groups were compared. The operation indexes of patients include operation time, postoperative hematoma volume, hospital stay, extubation time, misplacement of drainage tube, recurrence, and hematoma clearance rate. Results. All patients underwent CT  examination one day after operation. The CT  imaging detection of the two groups was generally good. The cranial CT was reexamined before discharge. The bilateral hematoma disappeared in 114 patients, the unilateral hematoma disappeared in 29 patients, a small amount of compensatory crescent very low-density shadow subdural effusion was observed on the other side, and a small amount of compensatory crescent very low-density shadow subdural effusion was observed on both sides in 10 patients. There was no space occupying effect and intracranial gas disappeared. Compared with neuroendoscopic assisted drainage, the operation time of drilling drainage patients was significantly shorter. The extubation time, drainage tube dislocation, recurrence rate, postoperative hematoma volume, and hematoma clearance rate of patients receiving neuroendoscopic assisted drainage were significantly better than those receiving drilling drainage. The Markwalder score and hospital stay between the two groups were not significant. Conclusions. Drilling drainage and neuroendoscopic assisted surgery have good therapeutic effects on bilateral CSDH. The operation time of drilling drainage is shorter. Neuroendoscopic assisted surgery has more advantages in extubation time, misplacement of drainage tube, recurrence, postoperative hematoma volume, and hematoma clearance rate.
An Interactive Nursing Knowledge System Based on Artificial Intelligence and Its Implications for Neonatal Care Management
Authors: Su Juanjuan , Zhao Suqin
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, people are paying greater attention to the concept of childcare, and the healthy development of children is humanity’s hope for the future. The newborn stage is the most critical stage of a child’s development, and learning and mastering neonatal care is the first important lesson for parents. To meet the needs of today’s learners and to break the traditional teaching model, this paper develops a set of interactive newborn nursing knowledge system that composes the content of trivial nursing knowledge, reconstructs the knowledge structure system, and provides new teaching methods such as text browsing, 3D animation presentation, picture presentation, video presentation, interactive games, and tests for newborns. Text browsing, 3D animation, image demonstration, video demonstration, and interactive games and tests, among other new teaching methods, give a new teaching mode and method for neonatal nursing education. The study included 158 infants from local hospital. The study was divided into two groups, each with 80 cases: a control group (conventional care) and a study group (quality care management). The outcomes were contrasted and compared. The results revealed that the study group had a lower incidence of nursing defects than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
 
0.05

); the study group had a lower incidence of diseases than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (

P
<
0.05

). The study goes over the complete process of incorporating the instructional display into the interactive newborn care knowledge system. Multimedia techniques and applications were researched throughout the design and production process in order to blend intrinsic knowledge material with digital technology to produce new educational ideas.
Diagnosis of Neural Activity among Abnormal Brain Regions in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features
Authors: Wang Weicheng , Jia Shuang , Zhao Qionghui , Yang Lin
Published: June 2022

In order to explore the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for neural activity among abnormal brain regions in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), thirty patients with MDD (observation group) were selected for comparison with 30 healthy people without MDD (control group). The included subjects were examined by MRI to compare the MRI features and were analyzed for regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF). The results showed that compared with the control group, the brain regions with increased ReHo and ALFF in the observation group were medial frontal gyrus (right), middle temporal lobe (left), inferior parietal lobe (left), and posterior cerebellar lobe (right); the brain region with increased ReHo and ALFF in the observation group was the middle temporal gyrus (right). Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in ReHo and ALFF in the observation group. It was found that the brain function of patients with MDD was abnormal compared with that of the normal subjects, and the brain network activity was also abnormal. MRI features can be used to explore abnormal brain regions in patients with MDD and have positive guiding value.
Investigation of Anisotropic Behavior and Statistical Evolution of Acoustic Emission Energy during the Deformation of Layered Sandstone
Authors: Li Shujian , Dong Shaobin , Cai Binting , Wang Menglai , Xie Yanhong , Luo Jingguo
Published: June 2022

To further understand the anisotropic behavior of layered rock and the precursor characteristics of rock mass instability, a series of uniaxial compression experiments using a loading system and an acoustic emission system was conducted on sandstone specimens. The influence of bedding on the mechanical parameters and failure modes and the statistical evolution of the acoustic emission energy were successively discussed. The results of axial stress-strain curves and crack propagation modes showed that the existence of a bedding plane increased the anisotropy of the rocks, and the magnitude of the bedding inclination also exerted certain influence on this anisotropy. Furthermore, we used the least squares method and the maximum likelihood method to analyze the

b

value and power-law exponent, respectively. The results of statistical evolution of acoustic emission energy showed that the

b

value, the effective power-law exponent, and the optimal exponent could be used as monitoring indexes for the rock mass stability. With the progress of the experiment, the following phenomena pertaining to acoustic emission activities occurred, which may indicate imminent danger of collapse: (1) the crackling noises increased significantly; (2) the variation of the

b

value exhibited a significant downward trend; and (3) the effective power-law exponent and the optimal exponent changed in different stages and gradually decreased as the final failure was approached. The findings in this paper may provide a theoretical basis for predicting the collapse and instability of rock mass structures.
Data Collection Method of Energy Adaptive Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks Based on UAV
Authors: Yang Bo , Bai Xiangyu , Zhang Changxing
Published: June 2022

In sensor networks, UAVs are often introduced to assist data collection tasks. UAVs can operate as data ferry nodes, connecting distributed areas that are separated from each other. This paper proposes a data collection method for distributed wireless sensor networks based on UAV and introduces the idea of edge computing in it. In the single-hop transmission scenario, the

K

-means++ clustering method is used for sensor node clustering and cluster head election in the initial state. In the next rounds of data collection, UAV is used to assist in the election of new cluster heads and data collection tasks, taking into account the relative distance and the relative remaining energy relationship of the sensor nodes in their clusters. In addition, reasonable priorities are set for some nodes that have never been elected in the previous rounds and for the dead nodes. In the multihop transmission scenarios, for nodes that cannot deliver directly, the optimal relay node is selected for routing by comprehensively considering factors such as transmission angle, transmission distance, and remaining energy of the node in each cluster. The method proposed in this paper coordinates the overall energy consumption of sensor nodes in the environmental monitoring area, delays the death time of key sensor nodes, and extends the network lifetime. At the same time, an improved ACO is used to reasonably plan the data collection path of the UAV. Compared with the comparison scheme, the improved ACO can obtain a better shortest path length and has the fastest convergence speed when reaching the shortest path.