bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR OF FARMER HOUSEHOLDS IN RURAL SUMBAWA, INDONESIA
Authors: Achmad Budiman , Diniyati Dian
Published: January 2025

The welfare level of farmer in rural Sumbawa was steadily low although the potency of natural resources at their vicinity was high. This paper determines the consumption behaviour  as well as the welfare level a farmer households in rural Sumbawa, Indonesia. The household size, years of education, and farming incomes were used as indicators of on-farm performance. This research was carried out in February until April 2015 at two separate forest areas which were administratively under Labuhan Badas village, i.e.  community forestry (HKm) in the state production forest and private owned forests (POF). A number of 34 respondents perlocation were purposively selected. The multiple linear regression was implemented to analyze factors affecting farmer household consumption behaviour, while the exchange value for income earned by farmer (EVIF) was incorporated to measure the welfare level. The regression revealed that the consumption behaviour  at two groups of respondents were positively related with three indicators, i.e. household size, years of education, and farming incomes.  Meanwhile, the household size affected the consumption behaviour  of the HKm farmers but not the POF farmers.  Furthermore, the consumption is strongly affected by the income generated from both forest areas. The EVIF approach revealed that the welfare of whole farmers were still low (EVIF = 0.74-0.99).
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF THREE NATIVE TREE SPECIES FOR PULPWOOD PLANTATION IN DRAINED PEATLAND OF PELALAWAN DISTRICT, RIAU
Authors: Junaedi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The productivity of exotic species developed in pulpwood plantations in Indonesia (HTI-pulp) has been continuously decreasing.  On the other side, there is a possibility to develop several promising native tree species in peatland HTI-pulp plantations. However, less information is available on the performance of those native tree species for planting in peatland pulpwood plantation. This study evaluates the performances (survival rate, growth and yield) of three native trees [mahang (Macaranga pruinosa), skubung (Macaranga gigantea) and geronggang (Cratoxylum arborescens)] in drained peatland, in terms of suitability for pulpwood plantation. An experiment plot was established by planting three native tree species and krasikarpa (Acacia crassicarpa) in drained peatland at Pelalawan District, Riau. Survival, growth and yield variables were monitored frequently until 5.5 years after planting (YAP) and then were analyzed. Geronggang (survival rate = 80.0%) and mahang (survival rate = 65.6%) showed good survival rates at 5.5 YAP which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of krassikarpa (22.4%). Geronggang and mahang are relatively promising growth and yield in which height, diameter and yield increment until 5.5 YAP were 1.96 m/year and 2.31 m/year; 2.08 cm/year and 2.59 cm/year; 13.1 m3/ha/year and 21.4 m3/ha/year, respectively. Yet, those growths and yields were still significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of krasikarpa, probably due to unequal  seedling quality. These results indicated the potential of mahang and geronggang to be developed in peatland pulpwood plantations. However, tree improvement program is necessarily required for mahang and geronggang to initiate the development.
EARTHWORM POPULATION AT THE POST COAL MINING FIELD IN EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Nugroho Ardiyanto W. , Widuri Septina A. , Sayektiningsih T.
Published: January 2025

Coal mining activities in Indonesia result in heavy soil degradation and significant decrease in earthworm population. This study aims to explore the population of earthworms at different ages of the plant in the post coal mining rehabilitation areas. PT. Kideco Jaya Agung, East Kalimantan. In this study, 5 samples (30 cm x 30 cm, 20 cm depth) of soil were collected from 5 rehabilitation sites. Sites were selected based on age after rehabilitation: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 years after replanting, and sampled with 20 m distances between samples to determine earthworm population. The depth of litter layer and species of plants were also recorded at each site. Chi square analysis was conducted to determine the significance of earthworm density in rehabilitation sites at different ages, while correlation analysis was conducted to determine correlation between litter thickness and the number of earthworms found in the research sites. Only 2 species of earthworms were found in this study; their abundance increased increased in line with the age of rehabilitation areas. The number of earthworms (density) at 10 years after rehabilitation was almost similar to that in the natural forests. In conclusion, planting tree species producing significant amount of litter might stimulate the earthworm community and initiate succession. It might also take more than 10 years to return to the previous state for the earthworms in terms of density after land rehabilitation of the coal mining areas is conducted.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FARMERS DECISION IN COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, KPH CIAMIS, WEST JAVA
Authors: Widiyanto Ary
Published: January 2025

Community Based Forest Management program through Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) scheme has been implemented in Perhutani forest in Java since 2001. The program has been developed to alleviate rural poverty and deforestation as well as to tackle illegal logging. However, there was very limited information and evaluation on activities of the program available especially in remote area/regencies, including Ciamis. This paper studies the socio-economic, geographical and perceptional factors influencing farmers decision to join PHBM program, farmers selection criteria for the crops used in the program, and farmer decision to allocate their time in the program. It also examines the costs and income related to the program and how the program land was allocated between different farmers groups and within the farmers groups as well as the perceptions of the state company’s (Perhutani) staff members on the program. Deductive approach was used with  quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires from 90 respondents at three farmer groups from 3 villages, 30 respondents of each group respectively. Cross tabulation and descriptive statistical analysis were used to analyse quantitative data. Qualitative data were collected through interviewing of 9 key informants, three informants of each farmer group respectively, and two Perhutani’s staff. Results showed that PHBM program contributed to about 26.9% to community’s monthly income. The program introduced benefit-sharing system and accommodated community initiatives. Perhutani’s support was illustrated by freedom of choice of community in selecting the sharing area (land allocated for farmer to manage) and the planted crops.
PROBLEMATIKA IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMPN 3 TAKALAR
Authors: Ali Asmi Aulia , Sultan Sultan , Usman Usman
Published: January 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan problematika perencanaan, pelaksanaan, penilaian, dan P5 implementasi kurikulum merdeka pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMPN 3 Takalar. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen utama yang digunakan adalah peneliti itu sendiri. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah kondensasi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil pada penelitian ini yaitu, pada perencanaan, kendala muncul terkait penyusunan modul dan bahan ajar yang kurang relevan serta keterbatasan sumber daya. Pelaksanaan kurikulum menghadapi masalah pada fleksibilitas modul, kualitas bahan ajar, serta evaluasi dan metode pengajaran yang belum optimal. Selain itu, kolaborasi antar guru juga perlu ditingkatkan. Penilaian menunjukkan ketidaksesuaian dengan tujuan pembelajaran, sementara penerapan nilai-nilai Pancasila (P5) terhambat oleh interpretasi yang kurang tepat dan pengaruh lingkungan sekolah.
Optimal STEM Educators for Elementary School: Students from the Primary Education vs. Science Department
Authors: Kotsis Konstantinos T.
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the optimal qualifications and competencies required for elementary school Science education, specifically contrasting those from Primary Education programs with those from Science University departments. It emphasizes the critical importance of understanding child development and employing diverse pedagogical techniques to effectively engage young learners in a rapidly evolving educational landscape. The research highlights the necessity for educators to cultivate an environment that fosters creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for preparing students for the complexities of modern society. The paper also discusses integrating traditional subjects with contemporary educational needs, such as social-emotional learning and technological literacy, to create a well-rounded curriculum. By analyzing various studies and literature reviews, the paper underscores the significance of personalized education approaches catering to each student’s unique needs, enhancing motivation and academic success. It advocates for a hybrid learning model combining elements from Primary Education and STEM fields, suggesting that such an approach can effectively address educators’ and students’ diverse challenges. The conclusion calls for ongoing research and professional development to equip teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge to adapt to the evolving educational demands of the 21st century, ultimately aiming to improve educational equity and effectiveness for all young learners.
Trump’s Order of Law
Authors: Zaheer Hassan
Published: January 2025

Today, January 20, 2025, Donald Trump is going to be inaugurated a second time as the 47th President of the United States. His presidency is expected to herald a dramatic change to America’s policy on immigration as his hardcore rhetoric may transform into hardened policy. To fulfil his campaign promises, in particular his planned mass deportation policy, Trump has repeatedly stated his intention to invoke two archaic laws: the 1807 Insurrection Act and the Alien Enemies Act of 1798. This blog will provide an overview of the two acts, explain the requirements for the President-elect to utilize them, and detail potential ways to cabin their use.
Pattern of Infestation and Characteristic Damage of Citrus Rind Borer Prays endolemma Diakonoff (Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae) on Pummelo Citrus maxima (Burm) merr. (Rutaceae) in Region XI, Philippines
Authors: Ubaub Leslie T. , Ocampo Virginia R.
Published: January 2025

The citrus rind borer (CRB) Prays endolemma Diakonoff is the major insect pest of pummelo in Region XI. Infestation occurs at flower bud formation until early fruit development or approximately 21 days after fruit set. Beyond this time until harvest, the pummelo fruit is no longer oviposited on by CRB. Out of 83 flower buds monitored for onset of CRB damage, 35 were found infested about 6 days after fruit set and subsequently fell off the trees. Among the remaining 48 buds that developed into fruits, only 27 matured and were harvested. All the fruits were infested with CRB and the rind was marred by lumps in areas where the developing larvae were feeding from. When the fifth instar larva exited through a hole in the lump, sticky exudates oozed out and tissues surrounding the exit hole became necrotic. Moderately damaged fruit, at harvest, was characterized by presence of lumps, feeding tunnels that had healed and did not reach the pulp, and at times, formation of extra core. Severely damaged fruit had soft, watery pulp. The most critical period to employ control measures is from flower bud formation until three weeks after fruit set.

Unfortunately, with the prevailing flowering schedule in the field wherein almost every month new flowers are formed, the problem is aggravated. Field sanitation is a major key to CRB management. Infested buds and young fruits newly fallen from trees may still contain developing larvae. Collecting and destroying them could reduce the CRB population. Furthermore, development of a pummelo variety less susceptible to CRB but with excellent fruit quality maintained would give a more sustainable solution to the prevailing CRB pest problem.
Modes of atmospheric circulation variability: New findings and research methods
Authors:   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i., Beranová Romana , Huth Radan ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i.,   Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Piskala Vladimír ,   Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Stryhal Jan ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i.,   Univerzita Karlova, Přírodovědecká fakulta
Published: January 2025

The investigation of atmospheric circulation is one of the main topics at the Department of Climatology, IAP. Throughout the years, we have studied atmospheric circulation from various perspectives, with one aspect being the exploration of modes of atmospheric circulation variability. In this paper, we introduce the issue of teleconnections detection and present two recent findings from our study of circulation modes as illustrative cases. First, we highlight a weakness of principal component analysis (PCA), the most commonly used method for mode detection. Specifically, the improper application of unrotated PCA leads to the identification of unrealistic modes, often incorrectly interpreted as genuine circulation patterns – a notable example being the Arctic Oscillation. Second, we demonstrate that PCA can be used to detect changes in the spatial-temporal structure of modes in long observational data sets. However, the application of PCA to this end often leads to artefacts due to the sensitivity of the method to subtle changes in the analysed data.
Influence of mesoscale tropospheric situations on ionospheric dynamics and variability
Authors:   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i., Potužníková Kateřina , Koucká Knížová Petra ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i., Chum Jaroslav ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i.
Published: January 2025

The connection between distant regions of the atmosphere has been confirmed by many theoretical and experimental studies. In this paper we focus mainly on the influence of the troposphere on the ionospheric plasma in the upper atmosphere. We discuss the possible effects of cold fronts and tropospheric convective storms and their influence on the upper atmosphere down to the ionospheric plasma. The state of the ionosphere is monitored using the DPS 4D digisonde and CDS Doppler sounding instrument. During extreme meteorological events, we have identified various perturbations on ionograms and CDS spectrograms, especially in the ionospheric F-layer.
Heat waves in the Czech Republic: The increase in mortality risk over the last decade and the urgency of targeted public health action
Authors:   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i., Urban Aleš ,   Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta životního prostředí, Hanzlíková Hana ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i.,   Geofyzikální ústav AV ČR, v. v. i., Plavcová Eva ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i., Vésier Chloé ,   Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta životního prostředí, Kyselý Jan ,   Ústav fyziky atmosféry AV ČR, v. v. i.,   Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, Fakulta životního prostředí
Published: January 2025

Heat waves are considered the most hazardous meteorological events in Europe, in terms of their impact on mortality. Due to the ongoing impact of climate change, Central Europe has witnessed an increase in both the frequency and intensity of these periods. Until now, studies from developed countries have mostly documented a long-term decline in vulnerability to heat due to prevailing positive socioeconomic development. However, our study, as one of the first in Europe, suggests a reversal of this trend, indicating an increased risk of death due to heat over the last two decades. This aligns with projections indicating the impact of climate change on future heat-related mortality. The reversal is a consequence of a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of heat waves in Central and Eastern Europe, coupled with the growing vulnerability of the Czech population due to its ageing. These findings highlight the importance of i) better understanding the mechanisms by which society adapts to climate change and ii) accelerating the development of public health protection measures specifically targeted at the most vulnerable population groups.
The role of tax incentives, their considerations and effects in promoting investments and attracting investors in the Kingdom
Authors: Mohammed Sarah , Mubarak Shams , Tariq Lina , Hazzazi Manal , Abdulrahman Munira , Madi Rania
Published: January 2025

This research aims to study the role of tax incentives, their considerations, and impacts on promoting investments and attracting investors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It explores how tax incentives contribute to attracting both domestic and foreign investments, along with an analysis of the effectiveness of current tax policies and their impact on the growth of the local economy. The research also seeks to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of these incentives and ways to overcome them, providing practical recommendations to improve tax policies in alignment with the goals of Vision 2030. The research problem arises from the desire to understand the effectiveness of tax incentives in boosting investments in the Kingdom, assess whether these incentives meet investor needs, and evaluate their role in fostering economic growth. The study also aims to explore the barriers and challenges that may affect the effectiveness of these incentives and examine the Kingdom’s ability to learn from successful international experiences in this field. The research proposes a set of recommendations, including the continued provision of tax incentives in general, while directing them to support sectors that contribute to achieving Vision 2030, such as innovation and technology, energy, tourism, and the industrial sectors. It also recommends developing regular monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for tax incentive programs to ensure that the intended economic and social goals are achieved, with a focus on directing incentives toward investments that promote job localization and support innovation. Among the recommendations, the study emphasizes the preparation of a simplified guide outlining the main tax incentives and benefits offered to companies, to be distributed to major companies to encourage investment in the Kingdom. Additionally, the research suggests that further studies be conducted on the obstacles to foreign investment and ways to address them. It also recommends launching an international promotional campaign to inform foreign investors about the opportunities available in the Kingdom, including tax incentives, and providing technical and advisory support to help foreign investors understand the tax system and benefit from the available incentives.
Quaternization of chitosan and partial destruction of the quaternized derivatives making them suitable for electrospinning
Authors: Gruškienė Rūta , Deveikytė Rasa , Makuška Ričardas
Published: January 2025

Quaternization of chitosan by the use of (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (EPTMAC) was studied. In acidic or neutral media, N-quaternized derivatives of chitosan (N-HTCC) with a degree of quaternization (DQ) varying from 30 to 68% were synthesized while additional quaternization of N-HTCC in alkaline media through its hydroxyl groups enabled to increase DQ of chitosan up to 95%. Quaternization of chitosan present in chitosan-dodecyl sulfate complexes was less successful resulting in chitosan derivatives with DQ about 20% which were insoluble in water. In order to decrease dynamic viscosity (DV) of the solutions of the quaternized chitosans and make them suitable for production of nanofibers by electrospinning, partial degradation of the polymers by UV irradiation or enzymatic hydrolysis was studied. UV irradiation helped to decrease DV of the solutions of the quaternized chitosans with high DQ (>50%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the quaternized chitosans by pectinase or cellulase in their solutions was very fast resulting in the products with thirtyfold lower DV within 2–3 hours. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the quaternized chitosans stopped at a certain stage producing oligomeric cationic chitosan derivatives instead of the quaternized glucosamine.
Electrooxidation of borohydride on a polycrystalline platinum electrode
Authors: Šimkūnaitė Dijana , Tamašauskaitė-Tamašiūnaitė Loreta , Lichušina Svetlana
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques were employed to study borohydride oxidation on a polycrystalline Pt electrode in an aqueous alkaline media containing 0.05 M NaBH4 and 1 M NaOH. Determined current density changes were interpreted in combination with EIS measurements. The regions of decreasing anodic current leading to negative polarization resistance, Rp, were supposed to be appreciably related to increasing availability of oxygen-containing species (OHad and Pt oxides) on the Pt surface in the presence of the accumulated borohydride species. Possible borohydride oxidation processes and electrical circuits were discussed regarding the potential applied.
Application of carbon electrodes modified with graphene and chitosan to electrochemical sensing of ascorbate
Authors: Celiešiūtė Raimonda , Grincienė Giedrė , Vaitekonis Šarūnas , Venckus Tautvydas , Rakickas Tomas , Pauliukaitė Rasa
Published: January 2025

Graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in order to enhance electron transfer. The best results were obtained when the electrode surface was modified with a thin film of GO dispersed in an aqueous chitosan solution. The resulting electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimized electrode was applied for the determination of ascorbate in synthetic and natural samples. The sensitivity to ascorbate is 247 ± 8 µA cm–2 mmol–1 L, and the limit of detection is 13 nmol L–1. The limit of detection is better than that of other sensors. The data obtained by the new method for ascorbate detection in juice were in a good agreement with the data provided by the producer.
One-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazoles promoted by nano-TiCl4 · SiO2: An experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Zamani Leila ,  Mirjalili Bi Bi Fateme , Namazian Mansoor
Published: January 2025

Nano-TiCl4 · SiO2 has been found to be an extremely efficient catalyst for the preparation of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles via three-component reactions of benzil, aldehydes and ammonium acetate under mild conditions. Nano-TiCl4 · SiO2 as a solid Lewis acid has been synthesized by reaction of nano-SiO2 and TiCl4. The structure characterization of this acid has been studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. This process was simple and environmentally benign with high to excellent yields. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered conveniently and reused for at least three times. Standard ab initio calculations have been carried out in order to identify the possible reaction mechanism.
Macro-Economic Factors and Financial Performance of Micro-Finance Institutions in Kenya.
Authors: Mwikamba Tumaini Mutugi , Rosana Douglas Maroma , Aluvale Viona Muleke
Published: January 2025

Microfinance institutions play a critical role within Kenya’s financial sector. Micro-Finance Institution play a critical role in financial inclusion and financial deepening. However, the financial performance of MFI has significantly declined since the 2019. This study therefore sought to determine the effect of macro-economic factors on the financial performance of Micro-Finance Institutions in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were: To determine the influence of gross domestic product, interest rates, inflation rate, and exchange rate on the financial performance of Micro-Finance Institution s in Kenya. The study utilized a descriptive form of research design. The target population of the study consisted of registered Micro-Finance Institution licensed by the Central Bank of Kenya. A census was carried out on the target population. Secondary data was utilized. The data collection period ranged between 2013-2023. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the data collected. Measures of central tendency and dispersion, correlation, and a linear multiple regression model was utilized to analyze data collected. The findings revealed that interest rates and exchange rate have a negative influence on Micro-Finance Institution financial performance. However, inflation rate and Gross Domestic Product have a positive effect on Micro-Finance Institution financial performance. The findings further revealed that interest rate and Gross Domestic Product had an insignificant effect on Micro-Finance Institution financial performance. Exchange rate and inflation rate volatility significantly influence Micro-Finance Institution financial performance. The study recommends the regulator Central Bank of Kenya to implement monetary policies that positively influence Micro-Finance Institution financial performance.
Decoding the Plot of “The Ice Palace” (1920) by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Authors: Ida Ayu Gede Laksemi Dewi  , I Nyoman Udayana  , I Made Rajeg
Published: January 2025

F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Ice Palace" remains a seminal work of American literature, delving into themes of identity, cultural displacement, and the search for belonging. This study aims to dissect and analyze the intricate plot structure of "The Ice Palace," employing a qualitative method to uncover deeper insights into Fitzgerald's storytelling techniques and thematic undercurrents. Drawing five essential components of plot, the research scrutinizes each narrative element, tracing the protagonist's journey from exposition to resolution. Utilizing content analysis of the story, the study reveals how Sally Carrol Happer's experience in the Northern environment, particularly her harrowing ordeal in the ice palace, leads to a profound realization of her true self. The resolution, marked by Sally Carrol's decision to return to the South, highlights the thematic emphasis on embracing one's identity and finding fulfillment in authenticity. Through close examination of plot dynamics, this research offers fresh perspectives on Fitzgerald's narrative craftsmanship and thematic resonance in "The Ice Palace."
Mengembangkan Metode dan Praktik Pengajaran Tafsir: Pengaruh dan Kontribusi Pada Pendidikan Karakter
Authors: Sakhila Nur Ramadhani  , Cindy Adelia  , Randa Saputra
Published: January 2025

Pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu proses pendidikan yang bertujuan untuk membentuk kepribadian seseorang agar memahami nilai-nilai karakter yang luhur dalam bentuk sikap dan perilaku dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pendidikan karakter tidak hanya mengajarkan peserta didik antara yang salah dan yang benar, tetapi juga menanamkan kebiasaan-kebiasaan (habituasi) berkenaan dengan hal-hal yang baik agar peserta didik dapat memahami, mampu merasakan dan mau melakukannya. Dengan begitu, pendidikan karakter mengemban misi yang sama dengan pendidikan akhlak, pendidikan budi pekerti atau pendidikan akhlak. Tujuan utama pendidikan karakter adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan tercapainya pembentukan karakter atau akhlak yang luhur pada peserta didik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan kontribusi pendidikan karakter dalam metode praktik mengajar tafsir kemudian mengetahui dasar-dasar Al-Qur’an tentang Pendidikan Karakter.
Pengembangan Metode Pengajaran Tafsir Di Pesantren
Authors: Muhammad Sindy Anwar  , Siti Patima  , Clara Khairullah
Published: January 2025

Dengan menggunakan metode reflektif, artikel ini berusaha mengelaborasi metode pembelajaran tafsir dipondok pesantren. Pengembangan aspek metodologi pembelajaran tafsir di pondok pesantren, tampaknya etode munâzharah, yang paling tepat, karena metode ini dapat memunculkan pemikiran berani dan kritise terhadap sesuatu yang sudah dipandang baku, sehingga kreativitas dan inovasi akan berkembang denganc emerlang. Materi yang dikaji di pesantren antara lain adalah tafsir Alquran yang ditekstualkan pada kitabkitab klasik (kutub al-turâts) yang sekarang ini terintroduksi secara popular dengan sebutan kitab kuning. Dari kitab inilah, para santri menyerap dan menimba Ilmu agama untuk dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan dimasyarakat. Dengan berkembangnya kajian keilmuan modern dan pesatnya pertumbuhan Iptek dan ekonomiyang diiringi dengan berbagai problem sosial, pengembangan metode pengajaran dan kajian tafsir dipesantren harus diperbaharui dan disempurnakan, antara lain munâzharah. Dengan metode ini, pengajarantafsir dapat merangsang keterlibatan para santri secara aktif, baik secara intelektual maupun emosional, sehingga muncul ide-ide cemerlang.
Addressing Unemployment through Entrepreneurship and Skill Acquisition
Authors: Ishaya Istifanus Inuwa  , Garba Bala
Published: January 2025

Nigeria like any other African State witnessed massive unemployment issue. This issue has been a topic of discussion in most national dailies. Every year, huge number of graduates from universities, colleges of education and polytechnics as well as secondary schools are graduated without job to do. All efforts made by the government to address the issue of unemployment become abortive. Scholars blamed increased in population as well as nonchalant attitudes of past government as the brain behind this ugly situation. In this view, the paper discusses the role of entrepreneurship, skill acquisition in meeting sustainable development in Nigeria. However, the paper uses secondary source of data such as journals, E-books to collect data to back up the present topic of discussion. In addition to this, the paper found out that increases in crime rate such as Burglary, armed robbery, kidnapping and insurgency are likely effects of unemployment in Nigeria, and these problems can be solved via entrepreneurship and skill acquisition among youths. Also contained in the paper are the challenges facing entrepreneurship and skill acquisition in Nigeria to mention few among others include insufficient funding, lack of infrastructures inadequate power supply, bribery and corruption as well as access to credit facilities. Conclusively, the paper recommends among others; provision of soft loan to citizens in order to enable them embark on their business as well as incorporating vocational courses in all educational system or level in the country.
The Role, Construction and Utilization Trends of Fuel Cells in the Propulsion of Road Vehicles
Authors: Neamțu Gheorghe , Ință Marinela
Published: January 2025

This scientific paper presents the authors own views on the role, construction and trends in the use of fuel cells in the propulsion of road vehicles. The paper is in the form of a literature review and is intended to help those interested to find out important facts about the principles of operation, typology, construction types and efficiency of fuel cells. Readers can also learn about the production, use and storage of hydrogen and a case study on the applications and disadvantages of fuel cells in the road vehicle industry. At the end specific conclusions of the paper are presented.
Review on Stevia Rebaudiana: A Comprehensive Analysis of its Properties and Applications
Authors: . Harinath , Ram Sevak , Kumar Yadav Sushil , Rathore Dewanjali , Kumar Nema Rajesh
Published: January 2025

The perennial plant Stevia rebaudiana, also referred to as stevia, is indigenous to South America, especially Brazil and Paraguay. It is a member of the Asteraceae family. Stevia, a natural, calorie-free sweetener, has drawn a lot of attention in recent decades and is frequently promoted as a healthy substitute for sugar and artificial sweeteners. The purpose of this review article is to present a thorough examination of the characteristics, health advantages, extraction processes, and uses of stevia in a variety of industries, with a focus on food and drink. Steviol glycosides (SGs) are low in calories and high in sweetness, thus creating SGs with better flavor profiles is a major priority. Because of its increased sweetness, rebaudioside M8 (Reb M8), a novel non-natural SG derivative made by glycosylating rebaudioside D (Reb D) at the C-13 position with glycosyltransferase UGT94E13, shows promise for future development. However, additional research and commercialization are hampered by UGT94E13's low catalytic activity. By using a semi-rational design, this work sought to increase the enzymatic activity of UGT94E13. A variation, UGT94E13-F169G/I185G, was produced with a 13.90-fold increase in catalytic activity. Uridine diphosphate glucose was recycled using a cascade reaction including UGT94E13-F169G/I185G and sucrose synthase, which produced an effective preparation of Reb M8 with a 98% yield. Additionally, in accordance with the using molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the distances between the substrate Reb D and the enzymes and between Reb D and the glucose donor, it is discovered that the enhanced catalytic activity of UGT94E13-F169G/I185G is due to the beneficial effect of reducing the distance on glycosylation reaction activity. As a result, this study tackles the obstacle to the effective manufacturing of Reb M8 and lays the groundwork for its extensive use in the food sector.
The Effectiveness of Using PowerPoint (PPT) To Improve Understanding of Arabic Grammar Googel Slides at Al - Azhar Jember High School
Authors: Abdillah Muhammmad Shefi Ainur Rohman
Published: January 2025

Learning Arabic grammar is often considered difficult by students because of its abstract and textual presentation, without the support of visualization or interactive media. Often teachers only rely on textbooks or blackboards, making the learning process monotonous and less interesting. This research aims to determine the use and effectiveness of power points in improving understanding of Arabic grammar at Al-Azhar Islamic Middle School Jember. Data collection methods include observation, unstructured interviews, tests (pre- and post-test), and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using normality, homogeneity and t tests using SPSS for Windows 25. The research results showed that the teaching process using  included steps such as introducing methods, presenting material, providing examples, discussions and practical exercises. The effectiveness of using Power Point was proven by the results of the normality test which showed normal data distribution in the experimental group (p=0.059) and control (p=0.092). The t test shows that the t value (4.507) is greater than the t table (1.68023), which means that the use of power point is effective in improving understanding of Arabic grammar at Al-Azhar Islamic Middle School Jember in the 2023/2024 academic year.
Penggunaan Model Aritmatik dan Geometrik dalam Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk di Kota Medan pada Tahun 2029
Authors: Syahfitri Sella , Deasy Deasy , Sugarda Ahmad , Aprilia Rima
Published: January 2025

Population growth is an important issue for the country in Indonesia because a significant increase in population growth can lead to a lack of housing for the growing population. This study aims to determine the rate of population growth in the city of Medan by using arithmetic and geometric models to find the results of calculations of the population of the city of Medan in the next 10 years based on standard deviations and correlation coefficients. The use of the arithmetic (linear) model for population growth increases constantly and is not seen from the number of previous populations, while the geometric (exponential) model assumes the number of people seen from how large the previous population is, then the growth every year will be rapid (not fixed). The results show that the geometric model has the smallest standard deviation value of 61,320,657 compared to the arithmetic model with the largest standard deviation value of 61,321,357. It can be concluded that the geometric model is used in calculating the population growth rate of the city of Medan in 2029 because the geometric model has the smallest standard deviation which produces the population in 2020 of 2,301,101 people and in 2029 of 2,501,069
Strategi Digitalisasi di Bank Syariah untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing
Authors: Setiawan Aji , Diadani Prans Sintia , Masyita Rilla , Putri S Ritonga Ari , Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
Published: January 2025

Digitalization strategies in Islamic banks are important to increase competitiveness in the increasingly competitive digital era. The research objective of this journal is to explore the development and strategies of digitization in Islamic banks in an effort to improve their competitiveness in the increasingly growing digital era. With the advancement of financial technology and changes in consumer behaviour, Islamic banks are faced with the challenge of providing faster, easier, and more accessible services, while still complying with sharia principles. This research uses a qualitative approach with the literature study method to collect relevant data and information regarding digitalization in sharia banking. Research results show that the implementation of sharia financial technology, the development of digital banking platforms, the use of Big Data, and the implementation of blockchain are key strategies that can increase the competitiveness of Islamic banks. The implementation of sharia fintech can expand access to banking services and attract young customers, while digital platforms such as mobile banking and internet banking can facilitate transactions. In addition, the use of Big Data allows banks to understand customer behaviours and offer more personalized services, while blockchain increases transaction security and transparency. In conclusion, digitalization is not only an option, but a necessity for Islamic banks to remain relevant and compete in the increasingly dynamic financial market.
Violence faite aux élèves comme facteur perturbateur de l’apprentissage à l’Ecole d’Application de l’Université Pédagogique Nationale
Authors: SEMA BANGAPA Jean-Bosco
Published: January 2025

Résumé

Cet article s’est inscrit dans l’optique d’identifier les actes, les faits et les gestes des enseignants considérés comme vident par les élèves et de relever les conséquences de ces violences sur leur apprentissage. Confisquer sans raison ce qui appartient à l’élève, forcer les élèves à faire ce qu’ils ne veulent pas, insulter les élèves, toucher les parties intimes des élèves filles, demander aux filles de se déshabiller, jeter sur l’élève quelque chose qui lui fait mal et coter injustement les élèves constituent des faits, des actes et des gestes perçus comme violents par les élèves inter-rogés.

Quant aux conséquences il s’est avéré que les élèves victimes de la violence, ne parviennent plus à bien suivre les cours, perdent la confiance en soi, ne parviennent plus à écrire dans leurs cahiers, s’absentent de cours, font de l’école buissonnière, deviennent hypocrites pour échapper à la violence. Etant donné que l’école constitue un haut lieu de savoir, d’humanisation et de so-cialisation de l’enfant, il est de bon alors que les acteurs principaux de l’éducation, notamment l’élève et l’enseignant œuvrent pour la culture de la paix en vue de créer un bon climat entre eux pour un enseignement-apprentissage de qualité.

Mots-clés : violence, élève, perturbation, apprentissage.
Place des traditions orales dans la construction de l'historiographie congolaise
Authors: Kabuika Kankuenda Jonathan , Mwanga Mwa Kabwika Nadine
Published: January 2025

Résumé

Cet article se penche sur le rôle crucial que jouent les traditions orales dans la construction de l'historiographie congolaise, en mettant en lumière leur contribution à la préservation de la mémoire collective et à la réappropriation de l’histoire par les Congolais. L'étude explore comment ces traditions orales, souvent marginalisées par les récits historiques dominants issus de la période coloniale, offrent une contre-narrative essentielle qui non seulement complètent, mais parfois contredisent les documents écrits produits sous l'influence coloniale. Les traditions orales sont présentées non seulement comme un moyen de conserver et de transmettre l'histoire, mais aussi comme un outil de résistance culturelle et de réaffirmation identitaire.
À travers des études de cas détaillées et des analyses critiques, l'article démontre l'importance de ces récits oraux pour une compréhension plus nuancée et inclusive du passé congolais. En outre, il aborde les défis méthodologiques auxquels sont confrontés les historiens lorsqu'ils intègrent ces traditions dans une historiographie académique. Ces défis incluent la vérification de l'authenticité des récits, la gestion des variations narratives, et l'interprétation contextuelle nécessaire pour que ces traditions soient intégrées de manière rigoureuse et significative. Ainsi, l'article souligne l'importance de développer des méthodes appropriées pour que les traditions orales puissent pleinement contribuer à une historiographie congolaise décolonisée et plus représentative.

Mots-Clés : Traditions orales-Historiographie-Congo-Mémoire collective-Sources orales
Artikel Riview: Profil Studi Fitokimia Dan Aktivitas Farmakologi Buah Mangga (Mangifera Indica L.)
Authors: Kurrota Ayyun  , Rosydah Yeka Khafidz Ila , Atikah Nandiyyah , Arianti Shabrina Putri , Maulidini Cici , Agustino Faizal , Putri Nadiya Kamiliya , Seran Agustinus Alfred , S.Klau Ivan Charles , Ningsih Arista Wahyu
Published: January 2025

The mango plant (Mangifera indica L.) is a plant that is often found around. Empirically, this plant has been widely used in traditional medicine around the world, one of which is ayuverda treatment from India. Due to these many empirical functions, many studies have been conducted on the pharmacological activities of mango plants. This article discusses the pharmacological activities and phytochemical tests that have been investigated and confirmed both in vitro and in vivo with the literature review method. The results obtained show the presence of several compounds found in mango plants such as: alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and steroids. Because of the compounds contained in mango plants, there are several pharmacological activities including: antioxidant activity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, antimicrobial, antiobesity, antifungal, antidiarrheal, and antitumor, among others.
Penerapan Mobilisasi Dini Pada Pasien Post Operasi Sectio Caesar Di Ruang Nifas Rumah Sakit Dr R Soeharsono Banjarmasin
Authors: Jamilah Sri , Sri Purwanti Ariani  , Putri Lestari
Published: January 2025

A common issue experienced by post-cesarean section patients is impaired physical mobility. Early mobilization post-cesarean section is conducted to prevent immobilization complications. This study aims to implement early mobilization in post-cesarean section patients. The research design utilizes a descriptive method in the form of a case study with a nursing process approach. Nursing care was provided to two post-cesarean section patients with physical mobility issues. This case study explores nursing care in post-cesarean section patients experiencing impaired physical mobility through teaching early mobilization and providing health education on early mobilization. The inclusion criteria were 4-6 hours post-cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, and the exclusion criteria were post-cesarean section primigravida patients. The research results indicate that the implementation of early mobilization nursing care can reduce mobility problems, as both patients were able to walk and engage in activities independently. The provision of early mobilization nursing interventions effectively influences the resolution of physical mobility impairments experienced by patients, enabling them to perform activities as usual and increase their knowledge about early mobilization post-cesarean section.
Analisis Proses Pembuatan Surat Eligibilitas Peserta BPJS Di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin Tahun 2024
Authors: Rabiatul Adawiah  , Soraya
Published: January 2025

The process of making a BPJS Participant Eligibility Letter begins with the collection of the necessary documents, such as the patient's identity, BPJS number, and other supporting documents. The documents are then verified by BPJS officers to ensure the validity of the information and the completeness of the documents. One of the important steps in this process is the verification of participant data, including checking the validity of the BPJS number and the existence of the participant in the BPJS database. The process of making a BPJS participant eligibility letter also involves checking the participant's membership status, whether they are still active or not, as well as the eligibility of the participant to get health services covered by BPJS
Penerapan Teknik Nesting Pada Asuhan Keperawatan Bayi Bblr Di Ruang Bayi Rsud DR. H. Moch Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin
Authors: Baidah  , M.Husni  , Laili Muthia Ghina
Published: January 2025

LBW births lead to a variety of serious health problems. The application of nesting techniques can help babies show a good general condition. The purpose of the study was to apply the nesting technique to the nursing care of LBW babies. This study used a case study design with a nursing care approach that focuses on the application of nesting techniques in LBW babies. The results of the study for 20 days showed that the patient's oxygen saturation was between 95-100%, without the use of oxygen aids. The use of nesting contributes to increasing body weight and maintaining the stability of pulse frequency, body temperature and respiration. In conclusion, nesting in LBW infants has an influence on body temperature, oxygen saturation, body weight and pulse frequency. It is suggested that nurses apply nesting on an ongoing basis to ensure proper and rapid recovery and stabilization of vital signs of LBW infants.
Standarisasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Saga (Abrus precatorius L.) Sebagai Minuman Tradisional
Authors: Bheta Sari Dewi  , Beny Maulana Satria  , Ayu Werawati  , Sayyidah
Published: January 2025

Saga has the species name Abrus precatorius L, which belongs to the Fabaceae family. The leaves of this plant are widely used by people as traditional medicine to reduce fever and cough. The aim of this research is to examine the use of saga leaf extract as a traditional drink that meets quality standards, so that the standardization process for this extract is carried out by determining specific parameters and non-specific parameters. The method used is maceration extraction using 70% ethanol. Specific parameters carried out include extract identity, organoleptic and phytochemical tests. Non-specific parameters used include ash content, acid soluble ash content, acid insoluble ash content, water content and drying shrinkage. The results obtained were a yield of 16.15% thick saga leaf extract, thick texture, greenish black in color, with a distinctive aroma. The extract contains saponin, alkaloid, tannin and flavonoid compounds. The results of non-specific parameter tests showed that the ash content was 2.17%, the acid soluble ash content was 2.17%, the acid insoluble ash content was <0.02%, the water content was 12.30% and the drying loss was 12.30%. The conclusion is that the research results meet extract quality standards. The data is expected to provide additional information regarding ethanol extract of saga leaves as a traditional medicine.