bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Analysis of Microscopic Risk Avoidance Behavior of Homogeneous Driver Groups Under Risk Scenarios
Authors: Zheng Lili , Li Yanlin , Ding Tongqiang , Wang Yuying , Meng Fanyun
Published: July 2024

To cope with the increasing number of road traffic crashes, it is critical to develop a driver assistance system that can provide early warning for vehicle collisions and control the vehicle at critical moments. However, to achieve this function, the driver assistance system must proactively understand drivers’ preferences and predict their risk avoidance behavior in risk scenarios, an area that currently lacks sufficient research. To address this issue, this study proposes a method for modeling microscopic risk avoidance behavior for homogeneous groups of drivers. Firstly, the risk field theory is established to achieve the basic driving risk assessment. Subsequently, a macro–micro collision-tendency probability calculation model is constructed to correct the basic driving risk values and obtain more accurate risk assessment results. Finally, a risk avoidance behavior model is developed by combining drivers’ risk response behavior and the psychology of desired speed pursuit. This study uses natural driving data for model validation. The results imply that the risk assessment indicator proposed in this study can reflect the driving risk under different risk phases. The risk avoidance behavior model accurately identifies vehicle acceleration fluctuations and matches drivers’ avoidance motivation in risk scenarios. In addition, the model parameters calibration results reveal significant differences among different driving groups; for example, risk perception and desired speed. This study aims to deepen researchers’ understanding of drivers’ risk avoidance behavior for designing driver assistance systems and road safety management.
Close Look into the Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Speed, Lane Changes, and Heavy Vehicles in a Congested Freeway Weaving Section
Authors: Li Nachuan , Mahmassani Hani S. , Zhang Yanlin , Talebpour Alireza , Hamdar Samer
Published: July 2024

Traffic behavior around major freeway weaving sections exhibits complex dynamics associated with multi-directional maneuvers such as lane changes (LCs) accompanied by shockwave-generating braking. Data to study both microscopic and macroscopic properties of congested weaving sections have been generally lacking, leaving an important lacuna in the underlying traffic science. The Third Generation Simulation (TGSIM) trajectory data set collected on multiple freeway locations in the USA provides a rich opportunity to examine the phenomena associated with high-density weaving operations on freeways. The focus of this paper is to examine the spatial-temporal distribution of average speed, LCs, and heavy vehicles (HVs). In addition, we examine the time-shifted association of speed with LCs and HVs. Our analysis reveals considerable variation of speed across lanes and longitudinal locations. LCs are generally associated with higher speeds of the surrounding traffic and correlate with the speed changes on the original and target lanes differently. In addition, differences of speed change have been found for vehicles that execute mandatory LCs (MLCs) and discretionary LCs (DLCs). Finally, while a lower average speed is associated with the existence of HVs, it tends to recover gradually when the HVs move downstream.
Unraveling the Roots of Fiscal Crises in Contemporary Capitalist Nations and Strategies for Overcoming Them
Authors: Li Bin
Published: July 2024

Since the 1980s, fiscal crises have notably impacted capitalist nations, a situation that intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although theories of capital accumulation and economic crises often serve to explain these events, this study advocates for a broader perspective by viewing fiscal crises as a primary manifestation of the contradiction between socialized production and capitalist private ownership. This study examines the evolution of this contradiction through various stages of capitalism and highlights the potential pitfalls of common strategies adopted by capitalist nations, such as neoliberal policies that cut social welfare and public spending. The study then shifts its focus to China, exploring its unique dual fiscal system, which supports China’s rapid economic growth, offering a novel perspective on addressing the global fiscal crisis.

JEL Classification: P16, F63, E62
The Effects of a Morphological Awareness Intervention on Reading and Spelling Ability of Children With Dyslexia
Authors: Mendes Barbara Bivar , Kirby John Robert
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the effects of a morphological awareness intervention on the word reading and spelling skills of Grades 4 to 6 children with dyslexia. Sixteen children in eastern Ontario, Canada, received 20 hours of morphologically oriented instruction spread over 6 weeks and eight served as controls, and all received a battery of reading and spelling tests before and after the intervention. Students were taught the nature of morphology and the types of morphemes, how words could be assembled from morphemes or deconstructed into morphemes to make meaning from print and access the correct pronunciation, and how to use morphology in reading and spelling words. Repeated measures analyses of variance and analyses of covariance indicated that the experimental group showed significantly larger gains than the control group on measures of morphological awareness, morphological decoding, morphological analysis, and morphological spelling. There were no significant effects on word reading (fluency and accuracy) or on standardized spelling measures.
Photo-crosslinked hydrogel as injectable intraocular lens for cataract surgery implantation
Authors: Bai Ting , Han Yuemei , Qin Chen , Hu Di , Lin Quankui
Published: July 2024

Cataract is the leading cause of the blindness worldwide. Natural lens removal followed with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the main clinical treatment for cataract. However, the shape and the optical power of current IOLs were fixed, which were not favorable for patients, especially for children with congenital cataracts. An injectable IOL is an immerging replacement for a regular IOL due to the accommodation of external packing shapes. In this study, we developed a rapid, in situ gelation of an injectable photo-crosslinked hydrogel as an injectable IOL material. In this investigation, injectable hydrogel (G/D hydrogel) was fabricated from Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and N- (3, 4-dihydroxyphenylidene ethyl) methacrylamide (DMA) via photo-crosslinking for injectable IOL applications. Different preparation parameters such as the concentration, proportion, light intensity, and curing time were optimized based on the gelation time, swelling ratio, and mechanical properties of the produced G/D hydrogels. The results of in vitro cellular experiments showed that the G/D hydrogel had good and stable clearance of lens epithelial cells. The hydrogel was implanted into the eyes of the young rabbits for 1 month, and the results also showed that injectable G/D hydrogel can obtain good intraocular implants and have inhibitory effects on posterior capsular opacification. Thus such photo-crosslinked G/D hydrogel can serve as an injectable IOL application in cataract surgery.
Fifty Years After Nigerian Civil War: Social Support Is Associated with PTSD Symptoms Through Increased Self-Efficacy Among Biafran Veterans
Authors: Chukwuemeka Nkechi Angela , Mike Ifeagwazi Chuka , Chidebe Runcie C. W. , Ozor Okechukwu Timothy , Aliche Chinenye Joseph , Mgbeanuli Chibuike Chinonso , Erojikwe Ikechukwu , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika
Published: July 2024

The Nigerian Civil War (or Nigerian-Biafran War, 1967–1970) was fought between the Nigerian federal government and the defunct Republic of Biafra. Biafra recruited young men and boys (child soldiers) to fight the war, but little attention has been given to understanding the mental health outcomes of the War on Biafran veterans. Although there are few studies on social support in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in this older veteran population, the mechanism through which social support influences PTSD has not received much attention. Hence, we investigated whether self-efficacy explains the association between social support and PTSD symptoms in a sample of Biafran War veterans. They were recruited from the Veterans’ association in south-east Nigeria ( N = 250; Mage = 71.33 years, SD = 7.11), and completed self-report measures of social support, self-efficacy, and PTSD symptoms. Results showed that veterans with greater social support (β = −.49, p < .001) and high self-efficacy reported less PTSD symptoms (β = −.55, p < .001). Above all, social support predicted decreased PTSD symptoms risk through increased self-efficacy, 95% CI [−0.53, −0.29]. By implication, social support may be associated with lower PTSD symptoms because it enhances efficacy beliefs, and thereby leads to less PTSD symptoms.
Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Violent, Abusive, and Harmful Behavior by the Older Person Toward Their Family Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: von Humboldt Sofia , Ilyas Namrah , Leal Isabel
Published: July 2024

Violent, abusive, and harmful behavior enacted by older adults upon their caregivers represents a distressing and frequently disregarded facet within the domain of caregiving. This qualitative study aims to (a) explore family caregivers’ experiences of violent, abusive, and harmful behavior by the older person and (b) explore how violent, abusive, and harmful behavior by the older person affects family caregivers’ mental health. This qualitative study encompassed 393 participants, with a diverse age range spanning from 40 to 72 years. All the interviews went through the process of content analysis. For the first objective, findings indicated six emerging themes: Frequent and extreme verbal violence (77.3%); feeling manipulated and controlled by older adults (74.7%); experiencing unpredictable illegal circumstances provoked by older adults (62.1%); experiencing damaging financial issues provoked by older adults (43.1%); experiencing physical violence (34.2.%); and experiencing sexual violence (31.1%). The second objective highlighted four themes: depression and anxiety (89.9 %), anger (81.2%), feeling morally isolated (78.3%), and emotional outbursts (65.1%). Brazilian participants mainly experienced frequent and extreme verbal violence (62.4%). Moreover, depression and anxiety were mainly verbalized by English participants (84.3%). These findings underscore the significant toll that older individuals’ violent, abusive, and harmful behavior can have on the mental well-being of family caregivers. This study sheds light on the complex experiences faced by family caregivers and emphasizes the urgent need for targeted interventions to foster healthier caregiving environments. Older individuals’ violent, abusive, and harmful behavior toward their caregivers has received limited attention in research and public discourse. The findings of this study call attention to the pressing need of addressing this issue, given its detrimental impact on the mental health of family carers. Recognizing the significance of this topic demands a comprehensive and targeted approach to ensure the well-being and safety of caregivers and older adults.
“We Keep us Safe!”: Abolition Feminism as a Challenge to Carceral Feminist Responses to Gendered Violence
Authors: Battle Brittany Pearl , Powell Amber Joy
Published: July 2024

The well-known movement chant “we keep us safe” disrupts carceral logics that deem policing—and the criminal punishment system more broadly—as sites of public safety and protection from violence and instead situates the source of safety within the community. Nevertheless, activist calls for community-centered alternatives to harm and violence occur alongside increasing backlash from media, legislators, and community members alike, who assert that, while flawed, police remain crucial for public safety—claims grounded in carceral feminist approaches to violent crime. More specifically, supporters of police as the site of safety commonly raise concerns related to victims of gendered intimate partner and sexual violence. In this article, we draw on 131 interviews from two studies with community activists, antiviolence advocates (both within and outside the state), and survivors to examine how they make sense of abolition and transformative justice in relation to their own lives, their work, their communities, and the state. Although participants may not use the actual language, our findings highlight abolition feminism as the framework guiding their critiques of the criminal punishment system, their visions for safety, and the everyday nuances they identify in seeking responses to gendered harm and violence beyond policing.
The roots of charity: How Gendered Racialization Shapes Crowdfunding for Women and Girls Murdered by Gun Violence
Authors: Burgess Catherine , Carlson Jennifer
Published: July 2024

The financial fallout of American gun violence profoundly impacts both victims and survivors. While employers, insurance companies, and victim compensation programs provide some support for navigating this fallout, many look to private channels—such as crowdfunding—to supplement these often-inadequate resources. We ask: How do those seeking material support on behalf of murdered women and girls assert worthiness and frame claims for restitution in the aftermath of gun violence? On whose behalf is material support requested, and what kinds of support are solicited? Using scholarship on digital sharing economies and the literature on gendered racialization to understand how broader systems of social inequality shape who seeks support and how, we examine GoFundMe crowdfunding campaigns in California and Florida from 2016 through 2018. We find that gendered-racialized strategies of solicitation in campaigns shape how victims are presented as deserving of support. This reinforces a distorted vision of gun violence, with campaigns emphasizing white women and girls as victims through calls for public grief, whereas campaigns for Black and Latinx women and girls frame loss as private trouble.
Autonomous vehicle platoon overtaking at a uniform speed based on improved artificial potential field method
Authors: Chen Yan , Su Liang , Zhang Yong , Zhang Feng , Gong Gang
Published: July 2024

Amidst the advancements in autonomous driving technology, platoons composed of autonomous vehicles have garnered significant attention due to their potential to alleviate traffic congestion and enhance transportation capacity. Addressing the issue of slow-moving vehicles obstructing the roadway, this study introduces a consistent overtaking strategy, leveraging an improved artificial potential field (IAPF) method. Through the incorporation of a velocity repulsive force field, a refined obstacle position repulsive force field, and a road boundary repulsive force field, the cumulative resultant force vector experienced by the autonomous vehicle is treated holistically. This approach ensures that the vehicle traverses in the direction of the total resultant force unit vector at a predefined speed. Moreover, the repulsive and attractive force coefficients are determined to guarantee convoy safety and uniform velocity. This research sets forth the architecture of the autonomous vehicle platoon, reconceptualizing overtaking maneuvers as dynamic target-tracking challenges. Throughout the overtaking phase, the obstructive vehicle is chosen either based on specific criteria fulfillment or by designating the lead vehicle's speed to a virtual dynamic target, thus safeguarding the overtaking procedure against potential collisions. Comprehensive simulations, conducted using Matlab and Unreal Engine software platforms, corroborate the efficacy and viability of the IAPF-based consistent speed overtaking strategy. Relative to the conventional APF approach, this method facilitates safe obstacle circumvention in dynamic settings and ensures vehicle velocity remains unaffected by resultant force fluctuations, maintaining consistent speed during overtaking.
In search of radical planning: A crisis-driven imaginary and Thessaly’s disaster as an exemplar of neoliberal failure to secure social reproduction
Authors: Hadjimichalis Costis
Published: July 2024

The unprecedented floods devastating the agricultural region of Thessaly, Central Greece, in 2023 were a major disaster in the country’s recent history, with ongoing effects. This Euro-commentary tries to uncover the crisis-driven governmental discourse put in place after the disaster as a moment in the wider global neoliberal depoliticized manipulation of similar events.
Motivations to Adopt: Perspectives From Young Adult Adoptees and Adoptive Parents
Authors: Rolock Nancy , Jeon Jeesoo , White Kevin R. , Gillani Braveheart , Ringeisen Heather , Domanico Rose , Koh Eun , Bai Rong , Wood Zoë Breen
Published: July 2024

This study explored parental motivations to adopt and associations between motivations and family well-being. Multivariate OLS regression was used to examine responses from Young Adult Adoptee ( n = 206; average 24 years old) and Adoptive Parent ( n = 295) samples. When adoptees perceived that their parents were motivated by love for them, or helping a child in need, they reported higher levels of family functioning. Adoptive parents who endorsed the motivation that the child was already part of the family reported lower family functioning. While the motivation of loving the child was endorsed universally by both groups, the other motivations were less consistent. Open discussions about adoption, from the motivation to adopt through current family functioning, are important conversations for adoptive families.
When Congress Prevails: Veto Overrides and Legislative Fragmentation in Multiparty Legislatures
Authors: Valdivieso-Kastner Pablo , Huertas-Hernández Sergio
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the determinants of legislative overrides in multiparty legislatures, with a specific focus on the influence of partisan fragmentation within congress. Utilizing an original dataset spanning from 1995 to 2017, we examine the cases of Ecuador and Peru. Our argument posits that during lawmaking, a dispersed and fragmented party system prevents the president from anticipating the preferences of the congressional pivotal party. In such a scenario of incomplete information, the president’s capacity to introduce selective incentives through vetoes is limited. In this way, the president is less likely to break the congressional majority supporting a bill. Consequently, the vetoed bill becomes less acceptable compared to the original statute. This, in turn, provides the congressional majority with increased incentives to uphold the original bill, elevating the likelihood of a legislative override. In alignment with this rationale, our findings indicate that an increase in the effective number of parties (ENP) has a positive and significant impact on the probability of a legislative override. Additionally, our evidence underscores a noteworthy contrast between the relatively high rate of legislative overrides in Latin America and findings for the US case.
Breaking Down Glioma-Microenvironment Crosstalk
Authors: Ramachandran Raghavskandhan , Jeans Alexander F.
Published: July 2024

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are the commonest primary brain cancers. They are characterized by a pattern of aggressive growth and diffuse infiltration of the host brain that severely limits the efficacy of conventional treatments and patient outcomes, which remain generally poor. Recent work has described a suite of mechanisms via which HGGs interact, predominantly bidirectionally, with various cell types in the host brain including neurons, glial cells, immune cells, and vascular elements to drive tumor growth and invasion. These insights have the potential to inspire novel approaches to HGG therapy that are critically needed. This review explores HGG–host brain interactions and considers whether and how they might be exploited for therapeutic gain.
Sleep Characteristics in Dance Students Related to Psychological Inflexibility
Authors: Arbinaga Félix , Mendoza-Sierra María-Isabel , Fernández-Acosta Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Dance, as a performance activity, is associated with various problems. Among these challenges, sleep disturbances are notably prevalent. Aims: This study aimed to explore the potential relationship between sleep characteristics-specifically chronotype and subjective sleep quality- and psychological inflexibility in dance students. Methods: This research adopted a cross-sectional design using non-probabilistic sampling. The data were collected in paper format by visiting public conservatories and private academies, and online. One hundred fourteen dance students, with a mean age of 23.87 years, participated in the study. Assessment tools included the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Composite Scale of Morningness. Results: The results revealed that 80.7% of all students reported poor sleep quality, compared to 19.3% who reported good sleep quality. Differences emerged in both subjective sleep quality ( F(2, 113) = 4.825, P = .010) and chronotype ( F(2, 113) = 6.172, P = .003) when students were grouped according to low, medium, or high levels of psychological inflexibility. Those with low inflexibility, as opposed to those with high inflexibility, report better sleep quality, with no differences observed between medium and high inflexibility groups. Students with high-medium levels of psychological inflexibility showed a higher risk ( OR = 6.373 times higher) of experiencing poor sleep quality compared to those with low psychological inflexibility. In terms of chronotype, the low inflexibility group is inclined to be more of a morning type than the medium and high inflexibility groups, with no differences between the latter 2 groups. Students categorized as having low inflexibility tend to have a longer history of dancing under the guidance of a teacher and dedicate more hours and days per week to rehearsal. Conclusion: Conservatories can become “healthy spaces.” In this regard, sleep hygiene programs and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy interventions can provide guidance to professionals working with dancers in professional companies and conservatories.
Obesity and the Development of Arthritis Among Adults in the United States Using NHANES Data
Authors: Baah Emmanuel , Kohlmeier Martin
Published: July 2024

Background:

The alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity and arthritis in America in recent times is concerning both in terms of the deleterious health effects on the individuals and economic cost. The wear and tear on the musculoskeletal and the inflammatory effects of obesity may be the reasons for the rise in arthritis among individuals with obesity.

Objective:

To investigate the association between obesity and the development of arthritis among adults in the United States.

Design:

A total of 17 016 participants were included from the 2012 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Most of the participants were aged 30 years and above (79.7%). The racial distribution included 64.0% Non-Hispanic whites, 15.3% Hispanics, 11.4% Non-Hispanics blacks, and 9.4% from all other races.

Methods:

Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m², and the outcome variable of interest, arthritis status, was self-reported. Survey weighted logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval controlling for potential confounding factors.

Result:

Nearly 40% of all participants were individuals with obesity, and 27.5% reported having some form of arthritis. The risk of developing arthritis was higher in individuals with obesity (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.35-1.80), women (OR: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.66-2.28), and individuals 30 years or older (OR: 10.81, 95% CI: 6.36-18.37) with non-Hispanic whites being the most affected race. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) levels were higher in all individuals with obesity even though there was no statistical difference between individuals with obesity with and without arthritis.

Conclusions:

Obesity substantially heightens the risk of developing arthritis due to the mechanical stress on weight-bearing joints and subsequent chronic-low level inflammation contributing to disease progression.
Novel Intraoperative and Pathological Findings Related to Computed Tomography Angiography Spot Signs in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients: A Case Report
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Chen Zhi , Chen Yujie , Jiang Zhouyang , Li Wenyan , Li Yingpei , Yao Zhuo , Fu Wenchao , Fang Yanyu , Li Mo , Niu Yin
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

A spot sign on computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan is a widely recognized radiographic indicator of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) used to predict early hematoma expansion. Nonetheless, recent multicenter studies have indicated that its predictive value for hematoma expansion is not as significant as previously stated. Therefore, identifying the reasons for the poor performance of these studies is imperative.

Case presentation:

A 48-year-old man presented with a 9-hour history of alalia and right limb hemiplegia. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) revealed a hematoma in the left frontal lobe, while CTA showed a spot sign within the hematoma, leading to a diagnosis of frontal lobe hemorrhage. During the surgical procedure, a blood clot was removed, revealing the presence of 3 mm of saccular tissue resembling an aneurysm. The process of exposing its complete form resulted in its rupture and bleeding. The location of this tissue at the top of the hematoma cavity corresponded to the CTA spot sign. Pathological examination confirmed that the characteristics of the tissue wall were consistent with those of a pseudoaneurysm.

Conclusion:

This case suggests that more stringent identification criteria should be established in studies predicting ICH expansion using the spot sign on CTA to differentiate and exclude pseudoaneurysms, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting early hematoma expansion using the CTA spot sign.
Domestic closed circuits (of violence)
Authors: Galimi Rossana , Grespi Barbara
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this contribution is to analyse the Mascarilla 19 project, which premiered at the Italian film and contemporary art festival ‘Lo schermo dell’arte’ in 2020. The project was commissioned and produced by In Between Art Film, Beatrice Bulgari’s production company, and curated by Leonardo Bigazzi, Alessandro Rabottini and Paola Ugolini. In Spain, ‘Mascarilla 19’ served as a codeword used by women victims of domestic violence in grocery shops or pharmacies to denounce abuse. This project consists of eight films that explore the ‘emergency within the emergency’ of domestic violence, increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A key focus of Mascarilla 19 is the transformation of the domestic space into a closed circuit of surveillance, both as self-surveillance (accomplished through the re-mediation of faces and gestures in video conference platforms) and as constant exposure to the mediated and disciplining gaze of screens, that embody a new male media gaze. Accordingly, this article aims to examine the capacity of pandemic media to reshape affective networks and produce physical and psychological violence, especially in the framework of patriarchal relationships.
Accounting for access to healthcare: Analyzing interview talk of hard-to-reach regions’ residents and mobile medical units’ professionals in Greece
Authors: Vergouli Evangelia Sofia , Figgou Lia , Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Scarmeas Nikolaos
Published: July 2024

This study explores how social actors account for psychosocial barriers to healthcare access. Interviews with 17 residents in remote regions of Greece and 12 professionals employed by Mobile Medical Units were analyzed using the tools and concepts of critical discursive social psychology. Analysis indicated that, oriented to different accountability concerns, residents tended to attribute reluctance to seek medical help to structural barriers, while professionals leaned toward psychological and individual-centered explanations. Findings also highlighted the construction of living in hard-to-reach areas as both a “cure” and a “curse” for residents’ capacity to achieve a healthy status, representing remote communities as both enhancing solidarity and social support and as promoting stigmatization against illness and social isolation. Building upon prior discourse-oriented approaches in health psychology, the study seeks to exemplify how a discursive and rhetorically oriented research agenda can be employed to explore how health inequalities are enacted and (re)produced in social interactions.
Non-Heteronormative Reproductive Tactics in Poland
Authors: Mizielińska Joanna , Stasińska Agata
Published: July 2024

In the backdrop of increasing discussions about reproductive normativity for non-heterosexual individuals in the West, this article addresses the distinct challenges faced by same-sex couples in Poland. The country’s pronatalist state policies limit their access to assisted reproductive techniques, fostering heteronormative and exclusive practices. Consequently, non-heterosexual individuals in Poland grapple with the non-recognition of their family bonds. This article explores the inventive tactics employed by LGBTIQ individuals to become parents in a restrictive environment. It analyses the legal loopholes they navigate and the various factors influencing their choices. The study’s results, drawn from a multi and mixed-method research project, contribute to broader sociological debates on family, identity, and reproductive rights, highlighting how non-heterosexual individuals in Poland persevere in forging their paths to parenthood.
Shifting perceptions of inclusive practitioner research: Epistemological affordances of exploratory practice
Authors: Hanks Judith
Published: July 2024

Over the past two decades, ‘inclusivity’ has become a key issue in research in applied linguistics and language education. However, the inclusion of teachers, teacher educators, and learners as researchers with key insights into their contexts has not yet been fully examined. This thought-piece explores developments in inclusive practitioner research, specifically focusing on exploratory practice (EP). The article probes the notion of inclusivity, asking why inclusivity matters and what does it mean for practitioner researchers. It sheds new light on inclusivity in exploratory practice, amplifying and deepening understandings, and shifting perceptions of what it means to be inclusive, as it examines the contributions practitioners make to debates about/around social justice.
Exploring the relations among foreign language enjoyment, ideal L2 self, grit, and growth mindset in EFL learners: A cross-lagged analysis
Authors: Fathi Jalil , Pawlak Mirosław , Kruk Mariusz , Mohammaddokht Farnoosh
Published: July 2024

This study leverages positive psychology (PP) to explore the reciprocal relationships among foreign language enjoyment (FLE), ideal L2 self, and grit in English major learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). It further examines the potential for growth mindset to predict these constructs over time. Employing a cross-lagged panel design, the research investigates these relationships among 903 EFL learners in Iran, assessed at two time points. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to analyse the hypothesized reciprocal and predictive effects. The findings reveal a significant lagged effect of ideal L2 self on both FLE and grit, suggesting that a stronger ideal L2 self at the initial assessment predicts higher levels of FLE and grit at the subsequent time point. Additionally, growth mindset exhibits a significant influence on all three constructs, but only at the first assessment point. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the motivational dynamics underlying EFL learning success and highlight the potential benefits of fostering a growth mindset and a strong ideal L2 self among learners.
“Our advice is to break up”: Douban’s intimate public and the rise of girlfriend culture
Authors: Tan Yan , Liu Shih-Diing
Published: July 2024

To date, insufficient attention has been given to the role of social media in navigating romantic relationships in China. This article analyzes the Douban Breakup Advice Group (豆瓣劝分小组), a popular digital platform, particularly among young women, for sharing failed love stories and seeking relationship guidance. Based on netnography and interviews, this study investigates how the group navigates the intricacies of romantic relationships and fosters distinct feminist sensibilities. The findings reveal that this group creates an intimate public, offering solace for love experiences in a therapeutic manner. It also functions as a feminist pedagogic space, promoting the reconstruction of gender relations based on egalitarian norms. These practices nurture a girlfriend culture where participants cultivate a commonality toward heterosexual romance within a feminist framework. This article contributes to the scholarship of mediated intimacy by examining the mutual influence of digital practices and popular feminism.
A novel passive-to-active fusion method using neural network for structural damage localization under workload
Authors: Ding Xuyun , Cheng Honggang , Wang Xiaojun , Wu Pengfei , Sun Xiaofeng , Wan Ke
Published: July 2024

Advanced aircraft structures are susceptible to hazardous factors such as external impact while in operation. It is crucial to establish aircraft health-monitoring technology that enables online safety status evaluation of composite structures. However, the problem of low accuracy in structural damage localization under working load persists. This study proposes a progressive research methodology that employs the innovative idea of feature-level fusion. The methodology involves active guided wave mechanism analysis, guided wave feature extraction, adaptive compensation, and precise damage localization. An improved active damage localization method oriented by passive real-time strain sensing is proposed. Verification and validation experiments fully verify the feasibility, applicability, and accuracy of the method, achieving damage localization under working load. In essence, through passive to active mapping network at its core, this study has to some extent overcome the bottleneck problem of aircraft damage localization that is unreliable under working load.
Assessing Fidelity in Yoga Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Decision-Making to Enhance Protocol Quality Adherence
Authors: Saint Kirin , Paul Tina , Patterson Clare , Yang Mingxiao , Bao Ting , Lou Galantino Mary
Published: July 2024

Background:

Yoga interventions need fidelity monitoring to standardize the trial process and ensure adherence. We examined fidelity measures of current yoga trials and developed a fidelity assurance process in a phase III randomized clinical trial addressing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy among cancer survivors.

Methods:

We qualitatively analyzed the fidelity monitoring components in published clinical trials on yoga therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy through a literature search in PubMed from inception to February 2023. Leveraging fidelity measures for community-based, complex interventions and yoga therapy reporting guidelines, we developed an instructor/participant-oriented fidelity checking approach in an ongoing phase III trial evaluating yoga for improving chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in cancer survivors. Two researchers independently assessed 4 of 8 video recordings of yoga instructor-led training sessions (50%) and participant-kept home practice logs using a developed fidelity checklist.

Results:

None of the 4 eligible yoga trials specifically have intervention fidelity measures. We prospectively incorporated yoga instructor training, virtual delivery, and participant engagement strategies in the phase III trial protocol following guidelines. All trial yoga instructors were trained under study protocol to ensure compliance and participant engagement. There was high intervention fidelity in all instructor-led virtual sessions: an average of 100% adherence to class structure and three-thirds on specific skills. Assessment of participant adherence to the established home yoga protocol was 63%.

Conclusion:

Yoga trials for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy need adequate fidelity measures. Our study provides a feasible fidelity-monitoring approach to ensure trial intervention delivery and protocol adherence by instructors and participants in oncological settings.
“What the F Am I Supposed to Do in This Position?”: (Re)imagining Leadership Responses to “Divisive Concepts”
Authors: Fernández Érica , Duarte Bryan J.
Published: July 2024

In this case narrative, we introduce readers to Carmén, a newly appointed Queer Latina principal. Faced with bureaucratic responses to proposed anti-critical race theory (CRT) and LGBTQ+ legislation, Carmén is forced to contend with teacher and district responses and concerns. The case narrative is divided into three events, each requiring readers to unpack the tensions and nuances presented by Carmén’s intersectional and professional identities. In addition, the case narrative creates space to imagine a policy response that resists anti-CRT/LGBTQ+ attacks. Through Carmén, we encourage aspiring leaders to (re)imagine schools and classrooms as humanizing, liberatory, and CRT/LGBTQ+ centered spaces.
Nonlocal theoretical inquiry into pultruded GFRP plate dynamics: Integrating experimental and numerical analyses
Authors: Hakeem Ibrahim Y , Madenci Emrah , Bahrami Alireza , Özkılıç Yasin Onuralp , Rizal Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad , Tawfik Taher A , Fayed Sabry
Published: July 2024

Few studies combining experimental and theoretical analyses of pultruded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are available in the literature. In this study, experimental methods and a nonlocal theoretical approach were used to investigate the flexural performance of pultruded glass-FRP (GFRP) plates. In the theoretical method used, the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory was adopted so that small-scale material effects on pultruded FRP composite plates were taken into account. Based on the plate theory of high-order shear deformation, the kinematic relationships of the composite plates were established. The stiffness matrix coefficients and tangential stiffness matrix were shown along with the nonlocal force vector. Also, finite element modeling was performed with the help of ABAQUS for the accuracy of experimental and theoretical results. For the analysis, a variety of laminated plate types were taken into consideration. The flexural performance was investigated utilizing flexural tests under point and distributed loads. To comprehend the behavior of the pultruded GFRP plates more fully, macro mechanical damage analyses were carried out. Numerical values were compared with experimental findings, theoretical solution results, and finite element simulation results which were found to be very similar.
A Comparative Survey on Daily Health Habits Among iPhone and Android Smartphone Users
Authors: Ungerer Matthias N. , Gumbinger Christoph
Published: July 2024

Background: With the increasing use of smartphone-based lifestyle interventions, it is important to understand whether people’s preferred operating system (iOS or Android) is linked to their lifestyle habits. Purpose: Our goal was to determine whether the choice of an iOS- or Android-powered smartphone independently affected daily health habits. Methods: We recruited participants for an online survey using the CloudResearch® Connect™ platform. The survey collected basic sociodemographic data, information on the participant’s primary smartphone operating system, and the HLPCQ to estimate daily health habits. Results: Of the 195 participants, 54.4% identified as Android users. We found that iOS users tended to be younger, had higher estimated annual household incomes, and had higher levels of education. However, we found no statistically significant link between the operating system and the HLPCQ total score or any of its subscales. Instead, age, employment status, and estimated annual household income were found to be more strongly associated with daily health habits. Conclusion: This study did not find a significant association between the smartphone operating system and daily health habits as measured by the HLPCQ. The findings suggest that future smartphone-based lifestyle interventions should instead focus on established sociodemographic factors linked to lifestyle habits.
Challenges in designing a randomized, double-blind noninferiority trial for treatment of acne: The SD-ACNE trial
Authors: Barbieri John S , Ellenberg Susan , Grice Elizabeth , Tierney Ann , VanderBeek Suzette Baez , Papadopoulos Maryte , Mason Jennifer , Mason Anabel , Dattilo James , Margolis David J
Published: July 2024

Background/aims:

Excessive use of antibiotics has led to development of antibiotic resistance and other antibiotic-associated complications. Dermatologists prescribe more antibiotics per clinician than any other major specialty, with much of this use for acne. Alternative acne treatments are available but are used much less often than antibiotics, at least partially because dermatologists feel that they are less effective. Spironolactone, a hormonal therapy with antiandrogen effects that can address the hormonal pathogenesis of acne, may represent a therapeutic alternative to oral antibiotics for women with acne. However, the comparative effects of spironolactone and oral antibiotics in the treatment of acne have not been definitively studied. The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation (SD-ACNE) trial aims to answer whether spironolactone, in addition to standard topical therapy, is noninferior to doxycycline (an oral antibiotic) for women with acne. Several interesting challenges arose in the development of this study, including determining acceptability of the comparative regimens to participating dermatologists, identifying data to support a noninferiority margin, and establishing a process for unblinding participants after they completed the study while maintaining the blind for study investigators.

Methods:

We present the scientific and clinical rationale for the decisions made in the design of the trial, including input from key stakeholders through a Delphi consensus process.

Results:

The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation trial (NCT04582383) is being conducted at a range of community and academic sites in the United States. To maximize external validity and inform clinical practice, the study is designed with broad eligibility criteria and no prohibition of use of topical medications. Participants in the trial will be randomized to receive either spironolactone 100 mg/day or doxycycline hyclate 100 mg/day for 16 weeks. The primary outcome is the absolute decrease in inflammatory lesion count, and we have established a noninferiority margin of four inflammatory lesions. Secondary outcomes include the percentage of participants achieving Investigator Global Assessment success, change in quality of life, and microbiome changes and diversity.

Conclusions:

The Spironolactone versus Doxycycline for Acne: A Comparative Effectiveness, Noninferiority Evaluation trial will have substantial implications for the treatment of acne and antibiotic stewardship. In addition, this study will provide important information on the effect of these systemic agents on the development of changes to the microbiome and antibiotic resistance in a healthy population of patients.
The perspectives of caregivers and health service providers on barriers to clubfoot management in Puri-Urban health facility in Ghana
Authors: Agoalikum Shariphine , Acheampong Enoch , Bredu-Darkwa Peter , Bonah Sandra
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Clubfoot is a common disabling condition that is prevalent across all populations. Approximately, one out of 750 children globally suffers from clubfoot, and around 150,000 to 200,000 children are born with clubfoot every year with 80% of the cases occurring in developing countries. Clubfoot can result in mobility impairments when not properly managed and researchers have argued that understanding knowledge and perceptions are key components to early identification and effective management of clubfoot. The study explored the barriers to clubfoot management from the perspectives of caregivers and healthcare providers in Duayaw Nkwanta, Ghana.

Methods:

A total of 26 participants made up of 22 caregivers of children with clubfoot and six healthcare providers were purposively sampled for the study guided by a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide through in-depth face-to-face interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically and presented as findings.

Results:

High cost of treatment, long travel distance, long hours spent at the treatment facility, non-availability of clubfoot treatment services, late reporting of clients for treatment, and non-compliance of parents/caregivers with treatment protocols were identified as the barriers to effective management of clubfoot.

Conclusion:

These findings have substantial implications for current interventions to effectively manage clubfoot in Ghana.
The Effect of First Metatarsal Shortening and Sagittal Displacement on Forefoot Pressure in Minimally Invasive Hallux Valgus Correction
Authors: Lopez Andres , Bakaes Yianni , Porter Giselle , Shi Glenn , Myers Paisley , Jackson J. Benjamin , Gonzalez Tyler , Haupt Edward T.
Published: July 2024

Background

Minimally invasive (MIS) treatment of hallux valgus (HV) deformity is increasing in popularity. A 2-mm diameter burr is used to create a distal first metatarsal osteotomy prior to capital fragment translation and fixation. The metatarsal will shorten by the burr’s diameter (2 mm). Plantar or dorsal capital fragment displacement may also cause load transference and possibly transfer metatarsalgia. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of MIS HV on forefoot loading mechanics with respect to metatarsal shortening and sagittal plane displacement.

Methods

Four lower-limb cadaveric specimens were studied. A pedobarography pressure-sensing mat was used to record forefoot plantar pressure in a controlled weight-bearing stance position. Control and postosteotomy measurements were obtained with the capital fragment fixated in 3 possible positions: 0 mm, 5 mm dorsal, and 5 mm plantar displacement. Pedobarography data yielded pressure data within measurable graphical depictions. Raw mean contact pressure measurements were taken under the first and fourth metatarsal heads to establish medial and lateral forefoot loading pressure ratios. An a priori power analysis was performed based on previous peer-reviewed pedobarographic data, and our study was adequately powered.

Results

Around 40 measurements were recorded, and ratios of medial-to-lateral forefoot loading were constructed. Medial forefoot pressure control versus 0 mm displacement, and control versus dorsal displacement were not found to be statistically significant ( p = 0.525, p = 0.55, respectively). Medial pressure significantly increased when comparing control versus plantar displacement ( P = .006). Lateral pressure significantly increased with dorsal displacement of the osteotomy ( P = .013).

Conclusion

Our study found that MIS HV correction did not cause an increase in lateral forefoot pressure loading when sagittal plane displacements were controlled. Plantar displacement increased medial loading, and dorsal displacement increased lateral loading. It may be valuable for surgeons to consider metatarsal head position postosteotomy, as a decrease in medial loading and subsequent increase in lateral loading may lead to lateral forefoot pain and transfer metatarsalgia.

Levels of Evidence:

IV.