bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of latent iron deficiency and search for items that affect ferritin levels
Authors: Fujii Takako
Published: November 2023

Recently, much attention has been paid to the mechanism by which IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine secreted by exercise and training, increases hepcidin production from hepatocytes and suppresses iron metabolism. It has been reported that serum ferritin levels decrease even when hemoglobin levels are normal. Although some believe that iron deficiency anemia can be diagnosed when ferritin levels are <12 ng/ml, this has not yet been clarified. Therefore, we investigated the actual situation of latent iron deficiency and explored blood indices that affect serum ferritin levels.
The results showed that anemia (<13.0 g/dl in males and <12.0 g/dl in females) was present in two males and 15 females. In addition, 3 boys and 19 girls (13%) had serum ferritin concentrations of <10 ng/ml. After exploring the items associated with the serum ferritin concentration, a strong correlation was found for leukocytes, sex, uric acid, and MCHC (p<0.01, p<0.01, p=0.015, and p=0.02, respectively).
Back-action supercurrent diodes
Authors: Giazotto Francesco , Margineda Daniel , Crippa Alessandro , Strambini Elia , Fukaya Yuri , Mercaldo Maria Teresa , Ortix Carmine , Cuoco Mario
Published: November 2023

Back-action refers to a response that retro-acts on a system to tailor its properties with respect to an external stimulus. This self-induced effect generally belongs to both the natural and technological realm, ranging from neural networks [1] to optics [2] and electronic circuitry [3]. In electronics, back-action mechanisms are at the heart of many classes of devices such as amplifiers, oscillators, and sensors [4]. Here, we demonstrate that back-action can be successfully exploited to achieve non-reciprocal transport in superconducting circuits. Our device realizes a supercurrent diode, since the dissipationless current flows in one direction whereas dissipative transport occurs in the opposite direction. Supercurrent diodes presented so far rely on magnetic elements or vortices to mediate charge transport or external magnetic fields to break time-reversal symmetry [5-9]. In our implementation, back-action solely turns a conventional reciprocal superconducting weak link with no asymmetry between the current bias directions into a diode, where the critical current amplitude depends on the bias sign. The self-interaction of the supercurrent with the device stems from the gate tunability of the critical current, which uniquely promotes up to 88% of magnetic field-free signal rectification and diode functionality with selectable polarity. The concept we introduce is very general and can be applied directly to a large variety of devices, thereby opening novel functionalities in superconducting electronics.
RETRACTED: Taxonomic Analysis of Butterflies Based on Genitalia Morphology: Insights from Cherry Orchards in Kashmir Valley
Authors: John Arjumand , Ganie Sajad A. , Kaur Amaninder , Khan Zakir A. , Maqsood Saima
Published: November 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Ultraviolet A and Blue Light Transiently Regulate Total Phenolic and Anthocyanin Concentrations in Indoor-grown Red-leaf Lettuce
Authors: Kelly Nathan , Runkle Erik S.
Published: November 2023

In controlled environments, supplementing a light spectrum with ultraviolet A (UVA; 315–399 nm) or blue (B; 400–499 nm) light increases the concentrations of phenolic compounds that can increase quality attributes, such as leaf pigmentation and nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). However, B light and sometimes UVA light can inhibit leaf expansion and biomass accumulation when continuously applied, whereas applying it only at the end of the production cycle can increase lettuce quality with little to no effect on crop yield. Our objective was to quantify the persistency of periodic supplemental UVA or B light and compare end-of-production with continuously applied supplemental light during indoor lettuce production on quality attributes and biomass accumulation. We hypothesized that supplemental UVA or B light would be more effective later, rather than earlier, during production with increasing lettuce quality attributes. We grew ‘Rouxai’ red-leaf lettuce hydroponically at an air temperature of 23 °C under 75 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1 of red (peak = 664 nm) plus 75 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1 of warm-white light provided by light-emitting diodes. The supplemental lighting treatments consisted of adding 30 μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1 of UVA (peak= 386 nm) or B (peak = 449 nm) light during the seedling phase (P1; days 4–12), growth phase (P2; days 12–20), finishing phase (P3; days 20–28), or the entire time (ET; days 4–28). Supplemental UVA or B light applied at any individual phase did not inhibit biomass accumulation, whereas enriched B light during the entire production period inhibited fresh mass compared with no supplemental light. Additionally, supplemental UVA or B light during P3 or ET similarly increased total phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations. Finally, applying UVA or B light during P1 or P2 had no residual effect on mature plant growth or quality at harvest. We concluded that the end of the production cycle is the optimal time to apply supplemental UVA or B light to improve lettuce coloration and phenolic content, that earlier application elicits transient responses, and that continuous application improves lettuce quality but inhibits biomass accumulation. Finally, there are potential energy savings by using end-of-production supplemental light compared with continuous application of the same spectrum.
EFFECT OF LOADING TIME ON THE LINEAR VISCOELASTIC PARAMETERS OF BORASSUS AETHIOPUM MART
Authors:   Laboratory of Applied Energy and Mechanics (LEMA), Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin., B. MICHOZOUNNOU Robert ,   Laboratory of Materials and Structures (LAMS) - ESGC VERECHAGUINE A.K., Benin., CHABI Edem ,   Laboratory of Rural Engineering, School of Rural Engineering, National University of Agriculture, Benin., Peace HOUNKPE Sena ,   Laboratory for Testing and Studies in Civil Engineering, National Higher School of Public Works, National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics, Benin., K. DOKO Valery ,   Laboratory of Applied Energy and Mechanics (LEMA), Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.,   Laboratory of Materials and Structures (LAMS) - ESGC VERECHAGUINE A.K., Benin., L. GBAGUIDI AISSE Gerard ,   Laboratory of Materials and Structures (LAMS) - ESGC VERECHAGUINE A.K., Benin.
Published: November 2023

In the construction sector, wood proves to be an ecologically advantageous material. Its production requires less energy compared to other materials, making it highly beneficial for the environment. It is a natural material whose level of stress and loading duration can significantly influence its physical and mechanical characteristics. For a proper understanding of the instantaneous and delayed behavior of wood, it is essential to subject it to tests under various types of loading, especially in the short and long term. This study focuses on the delayed behavior of Borassus wood, conducting creep tests on suitable samples to analyze the effects of loading duration on its viscoelastic parameters. The creep test was carried out by uniformly subjecting the samples to two-point bending, with a load corresponding to 20% of the breaking load, for a period of 15 hours. The instantaneous deflection was recorded a few seconds after loading, then other deflections were recorded every 30 minutes until the end of the test. Based on the geometry of a deformed beam, the general expression of the longitudinal strain was established, allowing all strains to be calculated as a function of the recorded deflections. The linear viscoelastic parameters of Borassus were determined using the nonlinear least squares method for each observed loading time. Analysis of the results shows that the loading duration does not influence the dynamic viscosity modulus, whereas the elasticity modulus varies decreasingly from the shortest to the longest loading duration. The use of a power function made it possible to establish a relationship between the dynamic elasticity modulus and loading time, which could be used as a means of extrapolation for deformations.
IN DEFENSE OF A SPECIAL CYBER LAW FOR INDIA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Manipur University, Chanchipur., Dilipkumar Singh Sapam
Published: November 2023

Attempt to unfold the secrets of nature marks the progress of human civilization. With the extreme advancement of science and technology particularly in the field of information science, man can communicate and act in the virtual space. In the 21st century, it is almost impossible to live in this world without depending on cyber space as most of human activities are going to carry out in such space. The flip side of this advancement is the misuse of cyberspace for various purposes in the contemporary world. Cybercrime, different from traditional crime, is a new form of crime committed in cyberspace having swept and widespread impact on human society. Since cybercrime knows no national boundary, all out effort of nation states is required to combat the menace of cyber crime. However, the international community could not able to negotiate and adopt internationally binding legal instrument for preventing and combating cybercrime. On the other hand, nation states including India meet the challenges posed by cyber criminals, which necessitates to enact specific law for preventing and combating cybercrime. The paper attempts to explore national and soft international law that prevents and combats the menace of cybercrime.
ETHNO-MEDICINAL WEEDS OF PALANPUR TALUKA, GUJARAT, INDIA
Authors:   Research Scholar - Department of Botany, The HNSB Ltd. Science College, Himatnagar- 383001 (India)., S. Bihari Shakibkhan , S. Patel Jitendra ,   In Charge Principal and Associate Professor, The HNSB Ltd. Science College, Himatnagar- 383001 (India)., Ali R. Seliya Abbas ,   In Charge Principal and Assistant Professor-Jafari College of Science & Technology, Sedrana-384151 (India)., R. Hashmi Aafree ,   Assistant Professor-Jafari College of Science & Technology, Sedrana-384151 (India).
Published: November 2023

India has been a treasure of Ayurvedic herbs since ancient times. In todays era of allopathic medicine this knowledge is diminishing to the extent that people cannot even identify common herbs. A weed is a plant that does not need to be cultivated and grows naturally in abundance in monsoons. This work focuses on how the people of Palanpur taluka use weed as medicine. A total of 88 species were found during the study, out of which 45 species belong to 43 Genera of 20 different angiosperm families, used in medicine and for other useful purposes. It is used in diseases like fever, cold, cough, skin disease, and physical weakness and some are use as vegetables.
IN HOSPITAL CLINICAL COURSE AMONG EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES ADMITTED IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN NORTH KERALA-A RECORD BASED STUDY
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India., J. Deepthi , Pavithran Kavitha ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India., M.T.P Mohammed ,   Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Kannur, Kerala, India.
Published: November 2023

Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns, those babies weighing less than 1 kilogram at birth belongs to a unique group with increased morbidity and mortality. A retrospective hospital record based study was conducted in a tertiary care center in North Kerala over a period of 2 months to study the immediate postnatal events among extremely low birth weight babies and their maternal risk factors. Among the 55 babies included in this study, the survival rate is 63.6 % which is comparable to other Indian studies. Most common morbidity observed is respiratory distress syndrome and second most common is neonatal jaundice. Among maternal risk factors, abnormal antenatal Doppler is the most frequent entity.
Determinants of Micro and Small Enterprise’s Interest to Participate in Self-Declare Halal Certification
Authors: Dawam Khaerud , Laela Sugiyarti Fatma , Hendrasto Nur , Rehman Hafiz Mudassir , Hasan M. Kabir
Published: November 2023

The Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) market share is expected to increase with the halal certification of their products and services. However, MSEs have limited resources. In response, the Government introduced a self-declare halal certification program in 2022. From the total number of MSEs, which reached 8.7 million units as of March 2023, only about 79 thousand have self-declare halal certificates. Therefore, this study aims to analyze internal and external factors that influence the interest of  MSEs towards halal certification through a self-declare scheme. The study involves 86 MSEs respondents from Bogor, West Java. Using Partially Least Square (PLS) with a second-order approach. The findings reveal that internal factors marginally affect MSE's interest to pursue self-declare halal certification. The three strongest indicators of internal factors are: (1) improving human resource performance, (2) increasing efficiency and financial returns, and (3) awareness of religiosity. Interestingly, external factors do not influence the interest of MSEs to obtain self-declare halal certification, except for government policy, which significantly impact the intention in the first-order test. The main implication of this research is the importance of more substantial government support to help MSEs obtaining halal certification such as socialization, training as well as mentoring Halal Self Declare Certification at an affordable cost.
Understanding Consumer Behavior: Halal Labeling and Purchase Intentions
Authors: Sani Ageng Asmara , Rahmayanti Dini , Kamal Al- Haq , Ilmiah Dunyati , Abdullah Norhayati Binti
Published: November 2023

The rapid growth of the Muslim community in the world certainly increases the demand for halal products. This causes halal products to become a necessity. This dynamic needs to be supported by state authorities' guarantee of halal products. This study provides an overview of the role of Halal labelling in influencing individuals to consume Halal products based on their levels of religiosity, knowledge of Halal products, and attitudes towards consuming such products. Additionally, the sampling focus of this study was on Java Island, where access to information technology is widespread, facilitating ease of access to relevant information regarding Halal products. A quantitative approach was employed in this research, utilizing primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the residents of Java Island. The construction of the research model is reflected in an adjusted R-squared value of 54.50%, indicating that the independent variables significantly influence the dependent variable. Based on the findings of this research, both knowledge and attitudes have a positive and significant impact on the intention to consume Halal products, whereas religiosity does not. The study recommends that the government consider streamlining and reducing the costs associated with Halal labelling to make it more accessible to micro-scale producers. These measures are expected to support the development of the Halal product market and foster sustainable economic growth.
Determination of Antifungal Activity of Leaf Extracts from Hypericum ssp. Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria Alternata
Authors: BEKTAŞ İdris , SEYREKOĞLU Fadime , KÜSEK Mustafa , CEYHAN BAŞARAN Ceyda
Published: November 2023

In this study, the antifungal activity of ethanol extracts of three plant species of Hypericum perforatum, Hypericum scabrum and Hypericum origanifolium were evaluated for against two plant pathogenic fungal species of Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata.The antifungal activities of Hypericum ssp. extracts (3, 15, 45, 80, 120, 200, 240, 300 ppm) were tested against fungi. Ethanol 30% as control; Commercial fungicide (1 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. All Hypericum ssp. plant extracts were effective in different rates against the fungi depending on the doses. In addition, IC50 values of the three selected plant Hypericum ssp. leaf extract against pathogenic fungus F.oxysporum and A. alternata were determined with of probit analysis. In terms of the IC50 values, the antifungal activity of H. perforatum plant exract against F.oxysporum (122.525 μg/mL) > A.alternata (108.484 μg/mL). On the other hand, IC50 values of H. scabrum against A.alternata (126.390 μg/mL) > F.oxysporum (113.714 μg/mL). Moreover, the IC50 value of H. origanifolium against two pathogenic fungi was calculated as F.oxysporum (159.931 μg/mL) > A.alternata (55.759 μg/mL). Results showed that H.origanifolium has the best fungicidal activity, with IC50 value of 55.759 μg/mL against A.alternata and H.scabrum 113.717 μg/mL against F.oxysporum. However, the highest concentrations (300 ppm) caused completely inhibition in the both fungi mycelial growth followed by lower concentrations of plant extracts. A. alternata were the sensitive fungal species, while the F. oxysporum were a more resistant to the Hypericum ssp. extracts. Based on the antifungal activity tests, these plants extracts this may have effective as the new natural fungicide protecting crops against fungal diseases.
Nesne Tespitinde En Uygun Modelin Seçimi İçin Görüntüler Üzerinde Evrişimli Sinir Ağları ile Çekişmeli Saldırı Tespiti
Authors: TAŞYÜREK Murat , GÜL Ertuğrul
Published: November 2023

Görüntülerdeki nesnelerin yüksek doğrulukta tespit edilmesi gerçek zamanlı uygulamalar başta olmak üzere birçok uygulama alanı için önemli bir konudur. Evrişimli sinir ağları ise son yıllarda nesne tespiti uygulamalarında kullanılan ve yüksek doğrulukta başarılar elde edilebilen derin öğrenme tabanlı yöntemlerdir. Klasik Evrişimli sinir ağları orijinal görüntülerdeki nesneleri yüksek doğruluk tespit edebilmesine rağmen ağların FGSM, PGD ve APGD gibi çekişmeli saldırıların uygulandığı görüntülerde başarımları yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu problemin üstesinden gelmek için saldırılı görüntülerde nesne tespiti için farklı modeller ve ön işlemler geliştirilmektedir. Ancak saldırılı ve saldırısız durumlar için modellerin başarımları değişebilmektedir. Bu yüzden saldırının olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi ve duruma göre en başarılı modelin seçilmesi gerekmektedir. Bahsedilen problemi çözmek için bu çalışmada görüntülerde çekişmeli saldırı olup olmadığının evrişimli sinir ağları kullanarak tespit edilmesi gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında YOLO v5 ve Faster R-CNN modelleri transfer öğrenmeli ve transfer öğrenmesiz olarak çekişmeli saldırı tespiti görevi için eğitilmiştir. Deneysel sonuçlar transfer öğrenmeli Faster R-CNN modelinin 0.971 f1 skoru ile dört model arasından en başarılı sonucu elde ettiğini göstermektedir.
Van Balığı (Alburnus tarichi (Güldenstädt, 1814))’nın Sindirim Kanalı Üzerinde Histomorfolojik Çalışma
Authors: ERGÖZ Burcu , OĞUZ Ahmet Regaib
Published: November 2023

Van balığı, Van Gölü havzasına endemik Cyprinidae familyasında yer alan anadrom bir balıktır. Balık beslenme ve büyümesini gerçekleştirdiği Van Gölü’nden nisan-temmuz aylarında göle dökülen akarsulara giriş yapar. Bu sucul ortamlarda balığın beslenme davranışlarında farklılık gözlenir. Bu çalışmada nisan ve temmuz ayları arasında Van Gölünden ve Karasu Çayından örneklenen 30 adet Van balığı sindirim kanalı morfometrik ve histolojik olarak incelendi. Van balığı sindirim kanalı incelendiğinde belirgin bir mide yapısının olmadığı gözlendi. Sindirim kanalı özofagus, mide görevini üstlenen mide benzeri yapı, anterior bağırsak, posterior bağırsak ve anüsten meydana geldiği belirlendi. Van balığının sindirim kanalının en dıştan içe doğru seröz, muskularis, submukoza ve lümene doğru kıvrımlardan oluşan mukoza tabakalarından oluştuğu gözlendi. Bu tabaka kalınlıklarının göl ve akarsudan örneklenen balıklar arasında değiştiği belirlendi. Morfometrik olarak çap, mukoza genişliği, mukoza uzunluğu, mukoza kıvrımları, muskularis kalınlığı, submukoza kalınlığı ve uzunluğu ölçüldü. Bu değerlerin, gölden örneklenen balıklarda akarsulardan örneklenen balıklara göre daha büyük olduğu belirlendi. Van balığı sindirim kanalında ölçümler ilk defa bu çalışma ile belirlendi. Bu ölçülen değerlerin balığın beslenme, stres ve suyun fizikokimyasal yapısı ile ilgili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Tüylü Çayın (Stachys lavandulifolia) Fitokimyasal Analizi ve Antioksidan, Antikolinesteraz ve Antiaterojenik Aktivitesi
Authors: GÜZEL Abdussamat
Published: November 2023

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. etnobotanikte önemli yeri olan Lamiaceae familyasına ait çiçekli bitki ailesindendir. Bu çalışmada bitkinin fitokimyasal kompozisyonu, asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) inhibisyonu, antiaterosklerotik aktivite için paraoksonaz (hPON 1) inhibisyonu ve antioksidan kapasitesi araştırıldı. Fitokimyasal içerik LC-MS/MS sistemi ile enzim inhibisyonu ve antioksidan kapasite çalışmaları ise spektrofotometre ile belirlendi. S. lavandulifolia ekstraktlarının (metanol, hekzan ve su) antioksidan kapasitesi ABTS, DPPH, FRAP ve CUPRAC yöntemleri uygulanarak belirlendi. S. lavandulifolia 'nın metanol ekstraktı AChE üzerinde önemli inhibisyon sergiledi (metanol ekstraktı için IC50 değeri 0.105± 0.17 mg/mL (R2:0.978)). Buna karşılık, S. lavandulifolia'nın metanol ve su ekstreleri hPON 1 üzerinde inhibisyon etkisi göstermedi. ABTS için en yüksek aktivite metanol ekstresinde %23.42 ve DPPH aktivitesi için metanol ekstresinde %50.07 olarak belirlendi. Metal indirgeme gücü deneyinde, FRAP su ekstraktı için 0.233± 0.47 ve CUPRAC metanol ekstraktı için 0.587±1.52 absorbans olarak tespit edildi. Bitkinin metanol ekstraktında LC-MS/MS analizlerine göre luteolin, fumarik asit, kafeik asit, siringik asit, hidroksibenzoik asit, kuersetin, salisilik asit, gallik asit, kateşin hidrat ve asetohidroksamik asit saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, antioksidan, anti-aterojenik ve anti-nörodejeneratif özelliklere sahip olan S. lavandulifolia, Alzheimer hastalarında kullanılan sentetik ilaçlar yerine doğal bir ilaç olarak kullanılma potansiyeline sahiptir.
Iğdır İlinde Güneş Enerjisi Uygulamaları için Optimum Panel Eğim Açısının Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÜNER Erdoğan
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada Iğdır ilinde gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan güneş enerjisi uygulamaları için güneş enerjisinden en etkin bir şekilde yararlanmayı sağlayacak optimum panel eğim açıları aylık olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla güneş panelleri üzerine gelen aylık ortalama günlük toplam güneş radyasyonu (HT) değerleri panelin eğim açısına göre hesaplanmıştır. Eğim açısı her ay için 0º ile 90º arasında 1º artımlarla değiştirilmiştir. Her aydaki en yüksek HT değerini veren açı optimum açı olarak alınmıştır. Daha sonra aylık optimum açılardaki HT değerleri ile panellerin yatay, enlem açısı ile, enlem açısı ±15º ile ve mevsimlik ortalama optimum açı ile yerleştirilmesi durumlarında elde edilen HT değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Haziran ayında optimum açı 0º olarak elde edilirken Ocak ve Aralık aylarında optimum açının 58º olduğu görülmüştür. Panellerin aylık optimum açılar ile yerleştirilmesi durumu diğer durumlara göre %0.02 ile %55.61 arasında yüzeye daha fazla güneş radyasyonunun ulaşmasını sağlamıştır. Enlem açısına göre yerleştirilme durumuna kıyasla Mayıs, Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında sırasıyla %13.35, %20.89 ve %17.46’lık bir enerji kazancı sağlanmıştır. En düşük güneş radyasyonu kazancı mevsimlik ortalama optimum açıyla yerleştirilmesi durumuna göre Ekim ayında, en yüksek kazanç ise panellerin yıl boyunca yatay yerleştirilmesi durumuna göre Ocak ayında elde edilmiştir.
Extension of Pick’s Theorem to Spherical Geometry using Girard’s Theorem
Authors: ÖZ Halil Rıdvan
Published: November 2023

In this article, Pick’s theorem is extended to three-dimensional bodies with two-dimensional surfaces, namely spherical geometry. The equation for the area of a polygon consisting of equilateral spherical triangles is obtained by combining Girard’s theorem used to find area of any spherical triangle and Pick’s theorem used to find area of a simple polygon with lattice point vertices in Euclidian geometry. Vertices of the polygon are represented by integer points. In this way, an equation to find area of a spherical polygon is presented. This equation could give an idea to be applied on cylindrical surfaces, hyperbolic geometry and more general surfaces. The theorem proposed in this article which is the extension of Pick’s theorem using Girard’s theorem seems to be a special case of a more general theorem.
Clinical Study on the Treatment of Non-isotropic Cervical Spondylosis by
Neck Pain Granules Combined with Tuina
Authors: Zhang Qinghao , Wang Shiguan , Yin Meng , Li Ziteng , Bi Shihao , Yin Zuozhen , Song Litao , Xu Yuntai , Xu Wenchang , Wang Ping , Shi Bin
Published: November 2023

Background:

Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy is a common form of cervical spondylosis caused by degeneration of the cervical spine. Currently, non-surgical treatment is the
preferred treatment method, and Chinese medicine is widely used.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of radiculopathy spondylosis by tuina spinning and lifting
technique.

Methods: Experimental Design::

We conducted a 12-week, open-label, analyst-blinded, randomized clinical
trial ( 2 weeks of intervention plus 10 weeks of observational follow-up ). A total of 25 patients
with radiculopathy were collected, and data was analyzed during the treatment and recovery period.

Interventions:

Neck pain granules group: a package of oral neck pain granules after meals, three
times a day, treatment for 2 weeks; neck pain granules combined with massage lifting technique,
treatment group: use, massage lifting technique treatment, once every two days, normal take neck
pain granules, treatment for 2 weeks. All cases were followed up for 2.5 months.

Main Monitoring Indicators:

Visual Analog Scale, Neck Dysfunction Index score, and Tanaka
jiu (Tanaka Yasuhisa Cervical Spondylosis Symptom Scale) were recorded on time, and statistical
statistics were made.

Result:

The scores of VAS and NDI were significantly more effective in the neck pain granules
combined with the tuina group than in the neck pain granules group, while the Tanaka Yasuhisa
Cervical Spondylosis Symptom Scale was not significantly different between the two groups.

Conclusion:

The treatment effect of neck pain granules combined with tuina was significantly
better than that of traditional Chinese medicine alone
Synthesis of Biginelli Compounds using Microwave-Assisted Methods
Authors: Costa dos Santos Pedro Henrique , Guimarães Souza Virgínia Luíza , Carvalho Santos Augusto César , Esteves Henrique , Modolo Luzia Valentina , de Fátima Ângelo
Published: November 2023

Biginelli adducts, also known as dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/-thiones (DHMPs), ex-hibit versatile biological activities. Among them, monastrol has gained significant popularity as an inhibitor of kinesin-5 (Eg5), a motor protein crucial for spindle bipolarity. The inhibitory effect of monastrol on Eg5 accounts for its promising anticancer properties, along with its well-estab-lished role as an anti-inflammatory agent and calcium channel inhibitor. Since its first report in 1893, the Biginelli reaction has been extensively studied from various angles, including the scope of reagents used, the incorporation or omission of catalysts and solvents, and the application of innovative techniques like mechanochemical and ultrasonic reactors. Among these methods, mi-crowave irradiation (MWI) has shown remarkable promise, aligning with the principles of green chemistry by offering solvent-free conditions, eco-friendly catalysts, and accelerated reaction times, ultimately leading to higher yields with a reduced environmental impact. In this mini-re-view, we shed light on the literature surrounding the synthesis of Biginelli adducts using MWI and highlight how this heating method can significantly enhance the preparation of this important class of bioactive compounds. By exploring the benefits of MWI, we aim to contribute to the advancement of greener and more efficient synthetic routes for bioactive substances.
Soil Microflora - A Potential Source of Antibiotics
Authors: Bharathi S. , Nair Prajeesh P.
Published: November 2023

Soil is one of the principal ingredients of the universe, which supports all
forms of life directly or indirectly. Soil consists of a mixture of various organic and
inorganic matter, fluids, gases, and micro and macro-living systems and acts as a major
living medium for a wide group of living organisms. One of the important soil
inhabitants are microorganisms. Soil microorganisms can be categorized as bacteria,
fungi, actinomycetes, protozoa, algae, and viruses. These microbes have varied features
and functions. Most importantly, these microorganisms do not exist in isolation but
interact with each other and contribute significantly to overall soil fertility. Many of
these organisms have the capacity to produce antimicrobial substances as a defense
mechanism to compete with other organisms for their survival and existence. Most of
these antimicrobial substances, which are released as metabolites produced during
trophophase as well as in idiophase, are medically significant in the treatment of many
life-threatening infections in plants and animals. This chapter describes various soil
microflora and their roles in the production of different kinds of antimicrobials. The
primary goal is to familiarise readers with the various microflora found in soil and their
ability to produce anti-microbial components.
Role of Nonpathogenic Strains in Rhizosphere
Authors: Sabir Tariq Rana Muhammad , Tariq Maheen , Ali Sarah , Aziz Shahan , Mustafa Jam Ghulam
Published: November 2023

 As the world’s population is increasing rapidly, there is an urgent need to
increase crop production. To achieve this goal, an eco-friendly alternative to chemical
fertilizers and pesticides is required. Several types of microbes have been identified
inhabiting the plant rhizosphere, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria, fungi, proteobacteria, mycoparasitic and mycorrhizal fungi.
These microorganisms not only influence the growth and development of plants but
also suppress pathogenic microbes near plant roots through several different
mechanisms. Non-symbiotic microbes play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycling
of organic and inorganic phosphorus (P) near the root zone via solubilization and
mineralization of P from total soil phosphorus. Additionally, some non-pathogenic
microbes have also been reported to induce systemic resistance in plants, which is
phenotypically similar to pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The
present review summarizes the latest knowledge on the role of non-pathogenic strains
of microbiomes residing in the rhizosphere and their commercial applications.
Bioremediation Industry: A Microbial Perspective
Authors: Singh Pooja
Published: November 2023

Bioremediation of environmental pollutants and contaminants in soil is an
emerging technology, which will gain relevance and importance in the near future.
Microbiological bioremediation is not only cost-effective but also environmentally
sustainable, as it does not cause undesirable effects like toxic byproducts or residues,
requires heavy infrastructure, has on-site application, and is the least hazardous to
human health. With new biotechnological tools, the microbes can be designed to have
desirable effects for the bioremediation of more toxic wastes. However, the free release
of genetically modified microbes for this purpose is still under risk assessment. This is
an effective method to use indigenous microflora and harness their biodegradation
properties to remove unwanted contaminants from soil, water bodies, underground
water aquifers, ocean spills, etc. Currently, they are mostly used for cleaning oil spills
and removing petroleum products and heavy metals from soil. Both in situ and ex situ
methods are employed, where microbes can be used in varied ways. Much work is
going on to explore and enhance the properties of microbes, especially bacteria, to be
used as agents for contaminant removal from our environment. Global bioremediation
is an emerging market that is slowly growing and will become a multibillion-dollar
market worldwide in days to come. The current review tries to view the subject with
microbes in perspective; their role in bioremediation; mode of action; technologies
used; and their use for sustainable cleanup of the environment.
An Overview of Diverse Yeast Species Performing the Biocontrol Function in Agriculture
Authors: Sinha Abhishek
Published: November 2023

The agricultural economy has been suffering from various pathogenic
diseases of crops, fruits, grains, and vegetables for a long time. Controlling these
diseases is pivotal to the growth of agricultural production and the availability of
harvests. Compared with relatively harmful chemical agents, biocontrol agents are now
being used as safer and less toxic alternatives to control crop losses. Yeasts survive in
all environmental conditions and have been described as potent antagonists to various
plant pathogens. Due to their antagonistic activity towards pathogens, relatively simple
cultivation requirements, and very limited biosafety concerns, many of these
unicellular fungi are being considered for biocontrol applications. In this chapter, we
have discussed the pros and cons of yeasts as biocontrol agents, various yeast species,
and their modes of antagonistic action. To survive in the environment, yeasts need to
tolerate various biotic and abiotic stresses. Those stresses have been discussed here,
and how different yeast strains overcome these harsh conditions and carry out
antagonistic activities have also been highlighted. Yeast biocontrol activities to date
represent a largely unexplored field of research and plenty of opportunities remain for
the development of commercial, yeast-based applications for plant protection.
Macrophomina Phaseolina: An Agriculturally Destructive Soil Microbe
Authors: Nath Gupta Ramesh , Chand Kumhar Kishor , Srivastava J.N.
Published: November 2023

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a destructive fungal soil
microbe, a cause of charcoal rot disease and causes heavy losses in agricultural
production. It is non-specific and appears in moderate to severe form every year
worldwide. Due to the seriousness and economic importance of the pathogen as well as
disease, it requires multiple approaches like epidemiological study, induction of
systemic resistance through non-conventional chemicals, host-pathogen resistance and
chemical as well as phytoextract application for its management. Epidemiological
studies reveal that the onset of charcoal rot varied in different varieties during different
dates of sowing. Timely sowing of crops is an important tool for reducing disease
incidence. The intensity of disease in a timely sown crop is less, with higher production
and productivity. The non-conventional chemicals like salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic
acid, indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, riboflavin, and thiamine induce systemic
acquired resistance (SAR) and effectively inhibit mycelial growth of the pathogen.
These non-conventional chemicals showed a reduction of charcoal rot disease under
field conditions. It also enhances the yield-attributing traits and yield. It induces total
phenol content, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and
catalase activity by the treatment of these chemicals. These activities showed a
differential reaction after inoculation of the pathogen on different varieties. However,
resistant varieties showed higher induction of biochemical activities than susceptible
ones. Different phytoextracts showed inhibition of mycelial growth and a reduction of
disease incidence in different crops. Seed treatment with fungicides is an effective
method for controlling the pathogen and ultimately enhances the production of the
crop. Genotype evaluation for host resistance is an effective, economical, and
continuous way of managing the pathogen and disease.
Ergot, Ergotism and its Pharmaceutical Use
Authors: Singh Doomar
Published: November 2023

Many fungi are directly or indirectly toxic to humans and animals. Ergot, a
fruiting body of the Claviceps purpurea fungus, contaminates grain after harvest and is
toxic to humans and animals who consume contaminated grains. The lysergic acid
diethylamide (LSD) that was widely used as a hallucinogen is best known as the ergot
alkaloids. The main symptoms of the disease caused by consuming ergot-contaminated
grain flour in humans and animals are blistering and reddening of the skin with a
burning sensation. Ergot alkaloids such as agroclavine, ergovaline, ergotamine,
ergonovine, lysergic acid, dopamine, etc., are the natural alkaloids produced by
Claviceps spp. in many cereal crops (mainly wheat, barley, rye, bajra, jowar, and
dallisgrass), but rye (triticale) is the most common host of this fungus. Contaminated
grain may cause very harmful diseases to internal organs, the circulatory and nervous
systems of animals and humans, and even they may die. Ergot alkaloids are very
important in the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, this soil-borne fungus, which can
be used in the manufacturing of different types of medicines for human and animal
welfare, is very important.
Trichoderma: A Potential Arsenal for Industries
Authors: Khaire P.B. , Mane S.S. , Pawar S.V.
Published: November 2023

The genus Trichoderma (fungi) is a very large group of microorganisms that
play a significant role in the environment. This is omnipresent in the climate,
particularly in soils. Trichoderma species could be easily isolated from the soil by all
traditional methods available because of their rapid growth and abundant conidiation.
These are used both as biofungicides for biological plant protection as well as for
bioremediation. In addition, the genus Trichoderma includes edible and medicinal
mushrooms but also human pathogens. Members of the Trichoderma genus are often
used primarily in the processing of enzymes, antibiotics, and other metabolites, but also
for biofuel in various branches of industry. Several researchers have confirmed, based
on phylogenetic analysis, that Trichoderma and Hypocrea form a single holomorphic
genus. In which two can be differentiated by large clades. Several Trichoderma spp.
positively affect plants by stimulating plant growth and protecting plants from fungal
and bacterial pathogens. Trichoderma has entered the genomic period at present, and
sections of the genome sequences are open to the public. For this purpose, Trichoderma
can be used to an even greater degree than before for human needs. Trichoderma
species possess diverse biotechnological applications, such as acting as biofungicides
to control various plant diseases and as biofertilizers to promote plant production.
Trichoderma secretes various volatile compounds, including alcohols, aldehydes,
ketones, ethylene, hydrogen cyanide, and monoterpenes, as well as non-volatile
compounds known to exhibit antibiotic activity, including peptaibols, and
diketopiperazine-like gliotoxins and gliovirins. Nonetheless, further studies are
required to make the application of these fungi more effective and safe.
Developments in Ultra-Sensitive Nanoelectronic Devices for Medical Applications
Authors: Sharma Kiran Singh
Published: November 2023

The interface between nanotechnology and biotechnology is emerging as
one of the latest technology with the utmost comprehensive and active areas of
research, bringing together the medical science and engineering field. Scientifically a
disease or an illness is mostly caused by molecular or cellular damage, and sensing
these changes through nanoelectronics can play an important function in assisting
medical demands for early detection and diagnosis. Implantable nanoelectronics
devices create numerous applications in medical observation of specific signs, bio-physical investigations of impulsive tissues, implantable devices for different body
organs, solving the previous shortcomings of conventional bioanalytical techniques in
terms of sensitivity, throughput, ease-of-use, and downsizing. The advancement of
nanobioelectronic systems that can activate enzyme activity, the electrically triggered
medicine release, an electronic circuit-based retina for colour vision, nanotech-founded
breathalyzers as an assessment tool, nanogenerators to control self-sustaining
biological systems and implantation arrangement are some of the applications of
nanoelectronics, and in future, we may even use nanoelectronics circuit within the body
tissues to regulate its functioning. In this chapter, we give a summary of the latest
advances in nanoelectronics based on nanostructures, on-chip and electronic
integration, microfluidics, biochemistry, and data science toolkits, we highlight the
possibility for improved performance and additional functionality.
Applications of Nanotechnology in Dentistry and Cosmetic Industry
Authors: Checker Swati , Ramanan Chitra
Published: November 2023

The application of nanoparticles and nanoelectronic devices is a vast area of
research in the medical field. This is with respect to the efficiency of nanoparticles to
competently aim and pervade specific tissues within the body. Whereas nano electronic
devices can perform real-time analysis of several parameters related to the disease
condition. Medical devices and drug therapies at the nano level, eventually ensure a
much higher level of precision in medicine. Therefore, the healthcare industry is
leveraging this technology for diagnostics and nanomedicine. Various nanoscale
devices are available that can monitor the disease condition of the body either in vivo or
in vitro. Nanotechnology in dentistry has revolutionized the advancement of restorative
materials.
This chapter deliberates nanointerfaces that compromise the durability of dental
restorations, and how nanotechnology has been utilized to adapt them for delivering
long-term effective restorations. Recently, cosmetics have been immensely used with
the development of innovative cosmetic formulations through the incorporation of the
latest technologies. Nano cosmeceuticals is the name given to these products, which
incorporate biologically active ingredients having therapeutic benefits on the surface
applied. Using nanomaterials in devices makes it possible to enhance the mechanical
strength and efficiency of the systems. They have high entrapment efficiency and good
sensorial properties and are more stable than conventional cosmetics. Most of the
nanoparticles are suitable for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drug delivery.
Nanomaterials are widely used in the preparation of anti-wrinkle creams, moisturizing
creams, skin-whitening creams, hair-repairing shampoos, conditioners, and hair
serums. Promising results have been achieved with nanotechnology cancer theranostics
and targeted drug delivery. Apart from high sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexed
measurement capacity, nanodevices have been effective in the detection of extracellular
cancer biomarkers and cancer cells, as well as in in vivo imaging. The chapter
highlights the applications, and research status of nanodentistry and provides an
intuition about future, ethical and safety concerns of nanotechnology. Nanodentistry is
an offshoot of nanomedicine. Its emergence will aid in the maintenance of perfect oral health care using nanomaterials, biotechnology, and nanorobotics. This review abridges
the latest developments in nanoelectronic devices for dentistry & cosmetics. In
addition, the challenges in the translation of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods
into clinical applications have also been discussed. 
An Inclusive Design Criteria: Traditional Market Design for Social Equality
Authors: Lugasbaskoro Norbertus Ruben , Hayati Arina , Dinapradipta Asri
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, the traditional market‘s existence is decreasing. Traditional markets are decreasing because of the old-school either design or system. Those, traditional market should adapt over time, beside that interaction becomes a foundation for daily activities and market activities. This interaction links with the social value, which link to equality understandings. Equality's definition relates to activities and interactions in the traditional market.. Indonesian traditional market, in Solo, be an example of diversity in social interaction. Diversity in social interaction links to the architectural approach. Inclusive design in architecture is a form that effectively approaches diversity in social interaction. A Bottom-up method in architecture programming is an appropriate approach that can be used to specify every step used in architecture that can be linked with social equality with interactions as the focus. This article analyzes inclusive design principles and precedents, then can be used as a reference to design somewhere that can be functioned inclusively.
Perceptions of Students with Disabilities on Reasonable Learning Accommodations at Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Almayeni Meza , Marlina Marlina
Published: November 2023

Based on the initial survey conducted, there are still obstacles faced by students with disabilities to get proper accommodation in learning at Padang State University (UNP). These accommodations are in the form of model accommodations, media, and learning evaluation accommodations. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the perceptions of students with disabilities regarding the feasibility of learning accommodations available at UNP. The research method used descriptive quantitative with 49 research subjects from 2015-2022 who came from different study programs and types of disabilities. The data collection technique uses online surveys and questionnaires through the Google Form platform which is distributed on social media. The results showed that learning model accommodation was not feasible, learning media accommodation was not feasible, learning material accommodation was feasible, and learning evaluation accommodation was feasible in the perception of UNP students with disabilities.
Identifying Parental Learning Assistance for Children with Disabilities During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hendriani Wiwin
Published: November 2023

This research was motivated by the many difficulties and problems faced by parents of children with disabilities in accompanying their children to study at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. Difficulties with learning assistance faced by parents of children with disabilities, if not immediately addressed, will have long-lasting impacts and give rise to other problems, such as children becoming increasingly hampered in mastering learning goals, lack of discipline, and the emergence of various new habits and behavior patterns in children that are less adaptive. The participants in this research were 20 parents of children with disabilities, consisting of 8 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities and 12 mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder. This research approach is a qualitative case study. The data mining method uses focused group discussion, observation, and online interviews. The collected data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The results of data analysis found 14 themes regarding the steps taken by parents in assisting children's learning. The 14 themes were then categorized into 3 groups of assistance based on their objectives. These results can be used as a basis for formulating strategies to empower parents of children with other disabilities, in optimizing their involvement in the child's learning process.