bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GATA1 activates HSD17B6 to improve efficiency of cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma via DNA damage
Authors: Shao Xingxing , Hou Hailang , Chen Huijie , Xia Wan , Geng Xinpu , Wang Jindao
Published: December 2024

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Platinum-based chemotherapy, such as cisplatin chemotherapy, is the cornerstone of treatment for LUAD patients. Nevertheless, cisplatin resistance remains the key obstacle to LUAD treatment, for its mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Methods

HSD17B6 mRNA expression data were accessed from TCGA-LUAD database and differential expression analysis was performed. Enrichment analysis of HSD17B6 was conducted by GSEA, and its upstream transcription factors were predicted by hTFtarget. mRNA and protein expression levels of HSD17B6 and GATA1 were assayed by qRT-PCR and WB, and the binding relationship between them was verified by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability and IC50 value of cisplatin-treated cells were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell cycle was assayed by flow cytometry. DNA damage level and DNA damage marker γ-H2AX expression were assayed by comet assay and western blot, respectively.

Results

HSD17B6 was lowly expressed in LUAD tissues and cells and mainly enriched in homologous recombination and mismatch repair pathways. As cell function experiments revealed, overexpression of HSD17B suppressed malignant phenotypes and cisplatin resistance in LUAD cells through DNA damage. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that GATA1 is the upstream regulator of HSD17B6, which was markedly reduced in LUAD tissues and cells. ChIP and dual luciferase reporter assays ascertained the binding of GATA1 to HSD17B6. Knockdown of GATA1 attenuated the effect of overexpression of HSD17B6 on LUAD cell behaviors and cisplatin resistance.

Conclusion

Transcription factor GATA1 could activate HSD17B6 to inhibit cisplatin resistance in LUAD through DNA damage, suggesting that GATA1/HSD17B6 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for chemotherapy resistance in LUAD patients.
Hck promotes IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis in osteoarthritis via activation of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Zhenzhong , Ji Lin
Published: December 2024

We investigated role of haematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) in osteoarthritis (OA) and to explore the underlying mechanisms driving its effects. An OA animal model was established and after OA induction, rats received intra-articular injections of lentivirus twice a week for four weeks. Rats were divided into four groups: control (healthy rats without OA), OA model (rats with induced OA), OA + Len-si-NC (OA rats treated with a non-targeting control lentivirus), and OA + Len-si-Hck (OA rats treated with lentivirus targeting Hck). Blood samples were collected, and serum cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Afterward, the rats were sacrificed for histological analysis and TUNEL assay. In vitro, IL-1β-treated human chondrocytes were transfected with Hck, and the effects on cell viability, apoptosis, ECM degradation, and JAK-STAT3 signaling were assessed. Colivelin, a JAK-STAT3 agonist, was used to confirm the pathway’s involvement. Results indicated increased Hck expression in the cartilage tissues of OA rats and in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Silencing Hck in vivo reduced IL-6 and TNF-α levels, apoptosis, and preserved cartilage structure. In vitro, Hck knockdown in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes resulted in enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis, and decreased ECM degradation. Notably, the expression of MMP3 and MMP13 was significantly lowered, while collagen II and aggrecan levels were restored. Additionally, Hck knockdown inhibited JAK-STAT3 activation, which was evident from reduced levels of phosphorylated JAK1 and STAT3. The addition of colivelin reversed these effects, confirming that Hck mediates its effects through the JAK-STAT3 pathway. Overall, our findings indicate that Hck is critical in OA progression by promoting inflammation, apoptosis, and ECM degradation through the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway activation.
Investigating the causal relationship between immune factors and ankylosing spondylitis: insights from a Mendelian Randomization study
Authors: Geng Ziming , Tong Yang , Chen Yang , Wang Jian , Liu Ziwen , Miao Jun , Li Ruihua
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite previous studies indicating a close relationship between immune system and ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the causal relationship between them remains unclear.

Methods

Genome-wide association data were utilized to explore the causal link between 731 immune cells and AS using a bidirectional two-sample MR approach. The data included immune cell data from Orrù et al.’s study and AS data from the FinnGen consortium. Cochran’s Q test and leave-one-out checked instrument variable (IV) heterogeneity. IVW was the primary method for causal analysis, with MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO addressing horizontal pleiotropy. FDR correction was applied to both analysis directions to rectify multiple testing errors.

Results

In our study, 22 immune phenotypes out of 731 were casually linked to AS. After excluding 5 less robust features, 17 immune factors remained, with 4 being protective and the rest posing risks. Through FDR correction, we found a significant causal relationship between HLA DR on CD14- CD16+ monocyte and AS (OR (95%CI) = 0.70(0.60 ~ 0.83), P = 2.06*10−5). In the reverse analysis with AS as exposure, potential effects on 34 immune features were discovered. After correction, we confirmed significant causal relationships between AS and two immune features, namely CD20- B cell %lymphocyte (OR (95%CI) = 1.16(1.08–1.25), P = 1.91*10−5) and CD20- B cell %B cell (OR (95%CI) = 1.17(1.09–1.26), P = 1.50*10−5).

Conclusions

Our study identified various features associated with AS in different types of immune cells. These findings provide important clues and a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of AS, guiding clinical treatment, and drug design.
Value of using ultrasonic shears in reducing seroma formation after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer patients
Authors: Elshoura Yousra Mohsen , Refaat Ahmed , Hassan Basma Hussein Abdelaziz , Awad Philobater Bahgat Adly , Ahmed Mohamed Wael , Mokhtar Sherif , Khalaf Emad Salah El din
Published: December 2024

Background

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is an essential step in the management of breast cancer. ALND is conventionally performed using radio frequency electrosurgery. The post-operative complications of utilizing such energy (such as prolonged drainage time, seroma, or infection) lead to prolonged recovery. Hence, it may delay the initiation of adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy for this critical category of patients. Using ultrasound shears provides a wide spectrum of tissue effects via mechanical oscillation. The absence of an electric circuit in ultrasound shears reduces thermal injury and accordingly cellular damage.

Objective

Comparing utilization of ultrasound shears in axillary lymph node dissection to conventional radio frequency electrosurgery in terms of operative time, post-operative drainage amount and days, post-operative pain, the incidence of seroma or infection, and lymph node yield.

Methods

This study is a randomized control trial. It includes 56 breast cancer ALND cases performed in conjunction with either BCS or MRM; being upfront surgery cases or post-neoadjuvant therapy cases, 28 patients underwent ALND using ultrasound shears and 28 underwent ALND using radio frequency electrosurgery.

Results

The mean age of the study population was 51 ± 11.7 years, with a mean BMI of 39. The mean operative time in the ultrasound shear group was 29.4. ± 7.6 min and 31.6 ± 5.1 min in the conventional group. The mean amount of drainage in the ultrasound shear group was 319.6 ± 75.4 ml and 407.5 ± 75.2 ml in the conventional group. The mean drainage days in the ultrasound shear group were 8 ± 1 day and 12 ± 2.2 days in the conventional group. Seroma formation was recorded in 6 of the ultrasound shear groups and 9 in the conventional group. Seroma followed by infection was found in 10% of the ultrasound shear group versus 21% in the conventional group. Seroma formation and wound infection were significantly related to the conventional group (p-value = 0.01).

Conclusion

Our study recommends the utilization of ultrasound shears in ALND as it is a safe and accurate method that allows faster post-operative recovery with shorter drainage time and lower incidence of seroma or infection, without affecting operative time or lymph node yield.

Trial registration

Trial no.: PACTR202402831197428. Date of approval: 19/02/2024
Aplicación de un ciclo de mejora en la asignatura Realización II. Iluminación y Multicámara
Authors: Linares Barrones Álvaro
Published: December 2024

Este texto presenta los resultados obtenidos de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula
(CIMA) en la asignatura Realización II. Iluminación y Multicámara del segundo
curso del Grado en Comunicación Audiovisual. Este CIMA se ha desarrollado en
el segundo cuatrimestre del curso académico 2023-2024 con el objetivo de mejorar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. La consecución de las actividades se ha
elaborado mediante un mapa de contenidos atendiendo al proyecto recogido en
el programa docente de la asignatura que consiste en la elaboración de un videoclip. Los resultados han sido satisfactorios obteniendo una evolución en el
aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
Aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula en la asignatura Diplomática del grado en Historia
Authors: Quijano Martínez César
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo analiza el desarrollo de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula
(CIMA) en la asignatura Diplomática del Grado en Historia de la Universidad de
Sevilla. Durante la construcción del CIMA se han representado contenidos a partir
de problemas y bloques de preguntas, que han tratado de ser solventados a partir de diversas actividades de contraste. Todo ello ha partido de nuevos modelos
metodológicos que se centran en los estudiantes y se aleja de aquellos donde
la posición del alumnado es de mera observación, sin hacerlos partícipes de su
aprendizaje. Para constatar los beneficios de estos nuevos métodos, los alumnos
han rellenado un cuestionario inicial y final que permiten analizar los resultados
del proceso de aprendizaje.
Innovación docente y mejora de la enseñanza en la asignatura de Arte Español Contemporáneo, Grado en Historia del Arte
Authors: Vallecillo López Carmen
Published: December 2024

El trabajo propuesto describe la aplicación de un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula
(CIMA) para la Asignatura de Arte Español Contemporáneo, dentro del tercer curso
del Grado de Historia del Arte de la Universidad de Sevilla en el curso 2023/2024.
EL objetivo de emplear el CIMA es conseguir que el alumnado se inicie en una
búsqueda de información lo más veraz posible, a propósito de una posible realidad profesional dentro del campo de la Historia del Arte y de los grupos de
trabajo interdisciplinares. Para ello se dejan a un lado las sesiones magistrales
plenamente teóricas y se propone un mayor protagonismo por parte del alumnado, guiados siempre por el docente
Ciclo de Mejora en Aula: prácticas de Epidemiología e investigación en salud
Authors: Quintero Flórez Angélica
Published: December 2024

En el curso 2022-2023 dentro del Curso General de Docencia Universitaria,
diseñé un Ciclo de Mejora en el Aula (CIMA) de 8 horas correspondientes a las
prácticas de la asignatura Epidemiología e Investigación en Salud, del grado en
Medicina. El CIMA se enfocó en la resolución de problemas prácticos reales, donde
las ideas de los alumnos fueron la parte central del proceso metodológico, seguido de las actividades de contraste. Los contenidos de las prácticas fueron en
su mayoría procedimentales. Los alumnos aceptaron la metodología empleada y
estuvieron motivados. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con los resultados de las escaleras de aprendizaje, aunque en todas se evidenció mejores puntuaciones en las finales respecto a las iniciales, no todas mostraron la misma evolución
El Ecocidio: Entre la Crisis Climática y la Crisis de la Corte Penal Internacional
Authors: Rosengardt Jonas
Published: December 2024

El cambio climático es uno de los temas dominantes de nuestro tiempo, pero los esfuerzos nacionales e internacionales no corresponden a sus expectativas. Por ello, se depositan grandes esperanzas en la criminalización del ecocidio.
Este ensayo analiza si puede cumplir estas expectativas. Para ello, discute la compatibilidad del Derecho Internacional Penal y Ambiental y las posibilidades del Derecho Penal para proteger el clima mediante la disuasión y la expresividad. Se plantea, entonces, la cuestión de si debe adoptarse un enfoque antropocéntrico o ecocéntrico para el ecocidio. En particular, se contempla la compatibilidad de la protección del medio ambiente con los intereses humanos legítimos y nuestra limitación a las perspectivas humanas. Por último, se cuestiona que la Corte Penal Internacional sea el foro adecuado para la criminalización del ecocidio. Aquí, se debate la responsabilidad penal individual y la aplicación selectiva de la Corte Penal Internacional.
HEYKELDE BİÇİMSEL İFADE NEDİR? BİÇİM VE İÇERİKTE YAPIBOZUM
Authors: Kaya İlhan
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmada heykeldeki biçim ve içerik arasında görüntü ile düşünce ilişkisi araştırılacaktır. Çağımızda sanat fikir ve biçim çeşitliliği ile birlikte klasik heykel anlayışından çağdaş yapı anlayışına geçerken yeni biçim dilleri ve üretim yöntemleri geliştirmiştir. Yenilikçi adımların en temel sebebi savaşlar, gelişen teknolojiye sanatçıların ayak uydurması ve yeni felsefi düşünce sistemlerinden etkilenmeleridir. 20. yüzyılın en çok tartışılın felsefi düşüncelerinden biri olan metinlerin yapısı üzerine odaklanmış eleştirel söylemi ile bilinen yapıbozumcu yöntemdir. Bu düşünce etkisinde gelişen sanat alanındaki üretimler eklektik denemeler ve postmodern anlayışta yapılan çağdaş biçim uygulamaları ve yorumları günümüz sanatını şekillendirmektedir. Gelişmeler ile birlikte sanat özerk ortamından toplumun her alanına ulaşmayı başarmış ve sanat eserlerinin anlaşılma, anlam, sembol, kavram sorunu üzerine yapılan tartışma ve incelemeleri de artırmıştır. Modern sanatın başlangıcından günümüz postmodern döneme değin geçen zaman boyunca sanatçıların farklı biçimlerle ve yöntemlerle üretimler yaptıklarına tanıklık etmekteyiz. Bunun sanatta bir kimliksizlik anlamına gelmediği gibi sanatçıların, sürekli yeni şeyler deneyip, aynı zamanda çağının gereği düşünce altyapısını kullanmaları onları kişiselleştirmiştir. Böylece sanatçının yarattığı sanat nesnesinin bir biçimi ya da kavramı olması için sürekli araştırdığı ve tavrını değiştirdiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sanatçı hem yapıtının malzemesi hem de içeriğini sınırlamadığı için yaygın disiplinler aracılığı ile bakış açısını evrimleştirmiş ve üreterek sanatın gelişimine katkı sağlamıştır.
KÜLTÜREL DİPLOMASİ BAĞLAMINDA YOUTUBER'LARIN AYASOFYA İZLENİMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
Authors: Akgün Ahmet Can
Published: December 2024

Kültürel diplomasi literatürde ivme kazanan bir yaklaşımdır. Özellikle küreselleşme süreci kültürel diplomasi yaklaşımını bir adım ileriye taşımıştır. Günümüzde ülkeler uluslararası alanda görünürlüğünü artırmak adına kültürel diplomasi yaklaşımlarına önem vermektedirler. Geniş bir uygulama alanı olan kültürel diplomaside sembolik mekânlar da ülkeler arası kültürlerarası iletişimin gelişmesine katkı sunmaktadır. Dünya çapında popülerliği olan sembolik mekânlardan biri de Ayasofya’dır. Bu çalışma Türkiye gezi deneyimlerini paylaşan YouTuber’ların Ayasofya ile ilgili gönderi içeriği ve söylemlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu amaçla aşırı örneklem ile belirlenen; “Bery İstanbul Tips”, “World Wild Hearts” ve “JHMedium” YouTube kanalı hesapları incelenmiştir. Bu YouTuber’lar örnekleme dâhil edilirken Ayasofya videolarının zengin bir içeriğe sahip olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ele alınan YouTuber’ların Opps ve Capps’in hikâyenin dinamikleri yaklaşımına göre betimsel analiz yöntemiyle genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Ardından videolardaki kültürel ideolojik ögelerin anlamlandırılması adına Van Dijk’ın söylem analizi kategorilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre YouTuber’ların Ayasofya ile ilgili izlenimlerinin Türkiye’nin kültürel diplomasi yaklaşımı açısından önemli olduğuna ulaşılmıştır.
Staff education compared with active real-time waste segregation to reduce the environmental impact of hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Prakash Rohan , Nasser Ahmed , Sharma Akshat , Eastwood Deborah , Reed Mike , Agrawal Yuvraj
Published: December 2024

Aims

Arthroplasty has been shown to generate the most waste among all orthopaedic subspecialties, and it is estimated that hip and knee arthroplasty generate in excess of three million kg of waste annually in the UK. Infectious waste generates up to ten times more CO2 compared with recycled waste, and previous studies have shown that over 90% of waste in the infectious stream is misallocated. We assessed the effect of real-time waste segregation by an unscrubbed team member on waste generation in knee and hip arthroplasty cases, and compared this with a simple educational intervention during the ‘team brief’ at the start of the operating list across two sites.

Methods

Waste was categorized into five categories: infectious, general, recycling, sharps, and linens. Each category was weighed at the end of each case using a digital weighing scale. At Site A (a tertiary orthopaedic hospital), pre-intervention data were collected for 16 total knee arthroplasy (TKA) and 15 total hip arthroplasty (THA) cases. Subsequently, for ten TKA and ten THA cases, an unscrubbed team member actively segregated waste in real-time into the correct streams. At Site B (a district general hospital), both pre- and post-intervention groups included ten TKA and ten THA cases. The intervention included reminding staff during the ‘team brief’ to segregate waste correctly.

Results

Active real-time waste segregation reduced infectious waste by a mean of 2.51 kg (95% CI 1.492 to 3.542) in TKA, and 1.83 kg in THA cases (p = 0.004). Educational intervention reduced infectious waste by a mean of 3.52 kg in TKA and 2.09 kg in THA cases (p = 0.026). Total waste was significantly reduced in both groups post-intervention for TKA cases.

Conclusion

Simple educational measures alone can significantly reduce the amount of infectious waste. Extrapolated nationally, our results would yield a reduction of approximately 315,004 kg to 594,577 kg of CO2 annually, which equates to 70 to 132 gasoline-powered passenger vehicles driven for a year.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(12):1119–1124.
PRÁTICAS DE CUIDADO DE MULHERES FEIRANTES ACERCA DOS RISCOS PARA INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS
Authors: Jorgina Mendes da Silva  , Aline Mota de Almeida
Published: December 2024

As feiras-livres representam uma forma de comércio informal que exercem um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento econômico do local onde acontecem. A pluralidade de produtos comercializados, a quantidade de empregos informais que é gerado, e o quantitativo de pessoas que circulam diariamente pelo espaço, é uma característica desse acontecimento, que é a feira. (SANTANA E COSTA, 2017).
"He is sent to this place, and good will result to the cause of God": Young Richard Preston, Race, and Religion in Early-19th-Century Nova Scotia
Authors: Grant Keith S.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Le révérend Richard Preston (v. 1791-1861) occupe une grande place dans l'histoire de la communauté africaine néo-écossaise pour son rôle en tant que pasteur, abolitionniste, organisateur communautaire et fondateur de la African Baptist Association. Durant un épisode largement oublié de sa carrière à ses débuts, Preston prêchait dans la vallée de l'Annapolis, où il fut à l'origine d'un vaste renouveau religieux en 1823-1824. Contrairement à la majeure partie de son ministère ultérieur, Preston y prêchait devant des auditoires composés exclusivement ou principalement de Blancs. Ses prédications suscitaient des réactions très diverses, allant de la curiosité à la conversion jusqu'aux préjugés insidieux et à l'hostilité pure et simple, qui étaient l'expression des relations complexes entre la race et la religion dans la Nouvelle-Écosse du début du 19e siècle. Abstract: Reverend Richard Preston (c. 1791-1861), formerly enslaved in Virginia, looms large in African Nova Scotian history for his role as a pastor, abolitionist, community organizer, and founder of the African Baptist Association. During a largely forgotten early episode in his career, in 1823-1824, Preston preached in the Annapolis Valley and sparked an extensive religious revival. Unlike much of his later public ministry, Preston preached to racially integrated or predominantly white audiences. His ministry elicited a range of responses, from curiosity and conversion to insidious prejudice and outright hostility, conveying the complex relationships between race and religion in early-19th-century Nova Scotia.
Modes de spatialisation et mises en scène de la Méditerranée dans trois films européens contemporains: Styx, Terraferma et La Villa
Authors: Burtscher-Bechter Beate , Mertz-Baumgartner Birgit
Published: December 2024

Résumé: Dans les années 1990 nous assistons à la naissance d'un nouveau genre littéraire et filmique qui raconte l'immigration ‹ illégale › à travers la Méditerranée et cherche, avant tout, à donner un visage, une identité et une histoire aux clandestins souvent représentés par les médias comme une masse anonyme. Tandis que les premiers romans, pièces de théâtre et films se sont centrés sur le départ des migrants et ses facteurs déclencheurs, les trois films choisis pour cette contribution – Terraferma (2011) d'Emanuele Crialese, La villa (2017) de Robert Guédiguian et Styx (2018) de Wolfgang Fischer – mettent l'accent sur l'arrivée et/ou la rencontre entre migrant(e)s et Européen(ne)s en mer ou sur terre. L'article montre comment les trois films mettent en scène la Méditerranée au niveau des images et du son. Basé sur l'essai théorique « Le lisse et le strié » de Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari, il s'intéresse aussi aux différentes manières d'être dans l'espace et aux pratiques spatiales liées à la mer (pêche, baignade, traversée, excursion en bateau, etc.). À part cela, sont également discutés les moments de ‹ rencontres › entre les personnages européens et les migrant(e)s et l'influence des modes de spatialisation sur ces rencontres.
Sub-50 fs Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Yb:KLuW Thin-Disk Laser
Authors: Kitajima Shotaro , Nishizawa Norihiko
Published: December 2024

We demonstrated the first Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:KLuW thin-disk laser operating with 48.9-fs pulses and 32-nm bandwidth at 425 mW of average power. This is the shortest pulse duration achieved by any oscillator based on Yb:KREW.
Dispersion-managed mode-locked fiber laser using anomalous-dispersion Tm:ZBLAN
Authors: Kawase Hiroki , Takano Junya , Noguchi Riko , Fuji Takao
Published: December 2024

A dispersion-managed 2 µm ultrafast Tm:ZBLAN fiber laser was demonstrated. By controlling intracavity net dispersion, we observed soliton, stretched-pulse, and dissipative-soliton mode-locked operations, revealing the relationship between net dispersion and spectral bandwidth.
Intracavity Upconversion Pumped Tm:YLF / Nd:ASL Laser
Authors: Dupont Hippolyte , Glasset Matthieu , Lenfant Timothée , Guillemot Lauren , Loiko Pavel , Georges Thierry , Camy Patrice , Loiseau Pascal , Viana Bruno , Georges Patrick , Druon Frédéric
Published: December 2024

A Tm:YLF laser operating at 2.3 µm is pumped at 1.05 µm with a diode-pumped Nd:ASL laser via intracavity upconversion pumping. The continuous-wave Tm-laser delivers 1.81 W for 41 W of laser diode power.
1 GHz single-cycle frequency comb at 2 Watt
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Xing Sida
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate a 1 GHz frequency comb emitting 7.1 fs pulses at 1.8 W average power. The pulse center contains 57% energy, yielding 110 kW peak power. The retrieved carrier-envelope-offset frequency enables future comb stabilization.
Net Gain Bandwidth Broadening in Yb:CALYO Amplifiers: Prospect for 30-100 fs multi-mJ Near Infrared Pulses
Authors: Petrov Lyuben S. , Velkov Dimitar , Georgiev Kaloyan , Georgiev Stefan , Trifonov Anton , Xu Xiaodong , Popmintchev Tenio , Buchvarov Ivan
Published: December 2024

Implementing a net gain bandwidth broadening in a Yb:CaYAlO4 CPA-laser, we demonstrate 97 fs pulses with 2.7 mJ energy at 1038 nm, 1 kHz, and a robust, scalable nonlinear post-compression to 58 fs pulse durations.
Spectroscopic Investigation of High Concentration Ho3+in Fluoride Crystals
Authors: Hedberg Vivian , Harris Thomas , DeShano Bradley , Evans Jonathan W.
Published: December 2024

The spectroscopic properties of high concentration Ho3+ in birefringent fluoride crystal hosts have been investigated for the first time. The polarized optical cross-sections and fluorescence lifetimes were obtained for the principal mid-IR Ho3+ laser tran-sitions.
Continuous-Wave and Q-Switched Tb:YLF lasers at 587 nm
Authors: Kotov Leonid , Kaneda Yushi , Püschel Stefan , Tanaka Hiroki , Hair Johnathan , Nehrir Amin , Temyanko Valery
Published: December 2024

High-power orange Tb:YLF lasers are presented. One Watt of output power was achieved in a continuous-wave operation. Moreover, a direct-generation orange Q-switched laser was demonstrated for the first time achieving 0.5 mJ pulse energy.
Frequency-Stabilized High-Power 589 nm Semiconductor Disk Laser for Guide Star Applications
Authors: Zhang M. , Giannini-Hutchin N. , Rubin T. , Kahle H. , Truong G.-W. , Nguyen C. L. , Cole G. D. , Albrecht A. R.
Published: December 2024

Over 10 W output at 589 nm with a linewidth below 10 MHz was demonstrated using a semiconductor membrane external-cavity surface-emitting laser (MECSEL), stabilized by referencing the hyperfine transition within the Na D2a line.
Efficient Cryogenic Orange Pr:YLF Lasers
Authors: Kalusniak Sascha , Badtke Moritz , Püschel Stefan , Tanaka Hiroki , Kränkel Christian
Published: December 2024

We investigate cryogenic orange Pr:YLF-lasers at up to 62.5% output coupler transmission. The slope efficiency increases to 58% at 110 K, 1.5× higher than at room-temperature and the threshold decreases by an order of magnitude.
Single hollow-core fiber for guidance of IR (1030 nm) and visible (515 nm) ultrafast laser beams
Authors: Chen Bowen , Kühlthau Tim , Kleem Götz , Graf Thomas , Ahmed Marwan Abdou
Published: December 2024

In the present contribution, we demonstrate the first 8-tube inhibited-coupling guiding hollow-core fiber capable of delivering ultrafast laser beams at a wavelength of 1030 nm and its second harmonic at 515 nm with low losses.
10-Watt Red Fluoride Double-Clad Fiber Laser
Authors: Kifle Esrom , Baillard Amandine , Loiko Pavel , Berthelot Thibaud , Joulain Franck , Bodin Laurine , Pau Florence , Recoque Gilles , Georges Thierry , Camy Patrice
Published: December 2024

A continuous-wave 442-nm blue diode-pumped double-clad Pr:ZBLAN fiber laser yields 9.1 W at 635 nm with 27.0% slope efficiency and a single-mode output and in the quasi-continuous-wave regime, it is scaled to 10.32 W.
Highly Efficient Microlaser-pumped Subnanosecond Mirrorless Optical Parametric Oscillator
Authors: Banys Jonas , Jakutis Jonas , Žukauskas Andrius , Pašiškevičius Valdas , Jarutis Vygandas , Vengelis Julius
Published: December 2024

We demonstrate the first Mirrorless Optical Parametric Oscillator based on Rb:PPKTP crystal with 427 nm grating period and pumped by subnanosecond pulses from Nd:YAG microlaser achieving nearly transform-limited pulses and diffraction-limited beams of the signal and idler waves.
Room temperature bonded Cr:LiSAF crystal for high-power broadband laser
Authors: Cassouret Florent , Sato Yoichi , Kausas Arvydas , Taira Takunori
Published: December 2024

1.5 at.% Cr3+:LiSrAlF6 crystal was successfully bonded to sapphire at room temperature, leading to a 3x improvement of the thermal diffusivity compared to bulk crystal. Design of bonded chip for high-power emission is also discussed.
Augmentation of the emission bandwidth by spectrum tailoring with Nd-doped garnets and bixbyites
Authors: Sato Yoichi , Taira Takunori
Published: December 2024

Wide emission spectrum bandwidth of 6 nm was confirmed with the spectrum tailored gain medium composed of Nd-doped garnets using the spectrum tailoring. We also proposed the temperature tuning of spectrum tailoring using Nd:garnet composites.
Watt-level ultrafast praseodymium-doped ZBLAN fiber amplifier
Authors: Takano Junya , Yamada Tatsuki , Fuji Takao
Published: December 2024

Watt-level chirped pulse amplification based on praseodymium-doped ZBLAN fibers has been demonstrated. The output power was 1.14 W, which has never been achieved with any praseodymium-doped fiber amplifier.
Marine Surface Layer Optical Turbulence Measurements Over a Vertical Path with Mobile Aerial Platforms
Authors: Maa Winston , Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Lee Peter , Solie John , van Iersel Miranda
Published: December 2024

A mobile aerial platform is used in a laboratory environment at a distance of up to 4 meters to record the Gaussian laser light intensity fluctuations from a downlink and calculate scintillation index.
Measuring and Modeling of the Optical Activity of α-GeO2
Authors: Peña Alexandra , Félix Corinne , Ménaert Bertrand , Boulanger Benoît
Published: December 2024

We have measured the wavelength dispersion of the optical activity in the visible and near infrared of the two structural isotype crystals α-GeO2 and α-SiO2. We propose an original model that perfectly describes the measurements.
Zero thermal expansion diamagnetic material as a magneto-optical material for Faraday isolators for high power laser radiation
Authors: Snetkov Ilya , Jiang Xingxing , Lin Zheshuai
Published: December 2024

Magneto-optical and thermo-optical properties of close-to-zero thermal expansion single-crystal Zn4B6O13 were investigated, and shown that it is highly suitable material for an optical isolator for high-average-power lasers wavelength range of 240–350 nm.
Measurement of thin-glass refractive index on single-shot image
Authors: Morita Hiroki , Kurihara Ryo , Kowa Kento , Nakashima Yoshitomo , Kowa Hiroyuki , Oya Naoji , Higashiguchi Takeshi
Published: December 2024

We have developed a measurement method of the refractive index of a thin-glass sample on a single-shot image by using the low-coherence interferometry. This method enables quick measurement, simplifies alignment, and reduces system costs.
High energy and average power solid-state UV laser for industrial applications
Authors: Casagrande O. , Bruel N. , Derycke C. , Delobel D. , Besaucele H.
Published: December 2024

A cost-effective UV laser for industrial applications, offering high energy and average power, has been developed. With a nanosecond UV diode pumped solid-state design, it addresses operational challenges and provides efficient performance for diverse industries.
Synthesis and Characterization of Laser Ablated Vanadium Disulfide Quantum Dots for Optical Limiting Applications
Authors: Elamkulavan Hasana Jahan , Vinu Vijisha Mullassery , Purayil Anagha , Keloth Chandrasekharan
Published: December 2024

We introduce the synthesis of vanadium disulfide quantum dots by pulsed laser ablation of a vanadium disulfide target in diacetone alcohol. We demonstrate the ability of these fluorescent quantum dots to be used in optical limiting applications.
Machine Learning Assisted Automated Laser Profile Tracking
Authors: Refaat Seif Eldin , Omran Haitham
Published: December 2024

We investigate three convolutional neural networks machine-learning models —YOLO, Faster R-CNN, and DETR— in precision detection and tracking of laser profiles. Automated tracking is achieved by coupling trained models to nano-positioning system. We achieved detection mean-average-precision (mAP) of 99% with 20um spatial tracking resolution.
Revealing the underlying mechanism for noise suppression in phase-biased mode-locked NALM lasers
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Saeid , Maldaner James , Adnan Sakib , Rea Campbell , Li Yishen , Porat Gil
Published: December 2024

We move beyond anecdotal reports on intensity noise in phase-biased nonlinear amplifying loop mirror mode-locked fiber lasers, and experimentally show that pump noise filtering through saturation of self-amplitude modulation is the mechanism underlying noise suppression.
Spectrally-Divided Broadband Chirped Pulse Amplification using a Compact Zigzag Compressor
Authors: Guo Zh. , Kaksis E. , Stummer V. , Pugžlys A. , Zeng H. , Baltuška A.
Published: December 2024

We propose a scalable folding geometry for CPA dispersion management that allows a 10-fold increase of the stretched pulse duration and a 3-fold increase of damage-limited extractable pulse energy compared to a standard grating-pair compressor with the same aperture.
On Chaos and Instability Dynamics of a Passively Q-switched Mid-Infrared Tm:YLF Laser
Authors: Dupont Hippolyte , Glasset Matthieu , Loiko Pavel , Georges Patrick , Druon Frédéric
Published: December 2024

A 2.3-µm Tm:YLF laser passively Q-switched by Cr2+:ZnSe is prone to chaotic behavior. We analyze this atypical chaotic dynamic using a consecutive cascade laser at 2.3 µm and 1.9 µm as a sensitive tool.
Computational spectroscopic measurements using a reconfigurable electro-optic frequency comb generator
Authors: Navarro-Alventosa Jordi , Durán Vicente
Published: December 2024

We perform frequency comb spectroscopy by acquiring a series of power measurements when an electro-optic comb generator is sequentially reconfigured. The spectral response of a sample is retrieved computationally by solving an inverse problem.
Wavelength-tunable, dual 2 µm light source for high-brightness THz-wave generation
Authors: Ishizuki Hideki , Taira Takunori
Published: December 2024

For high-brightness THz wave generation, combination of KTiOPO4-OPO, PPMgLN-OPA and DFG wavelength conversion scheme pumped by sub-nanosecond source was proposed. Tunable dual 2 µm-waves generation was evaluated for first demonstration.
Characterizing high-peak-power vector structured pulses by a tight-focusing pumped Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser
Authors: Tuan Pi-Hui , Liu Shu-Cheng , Peng Bo-Xiang
Published: December 2024

Structured pulses with morphologies as radial-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams and peak power higher than 1.1 kW are generated by a tight-focusing pumped Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG laser. By leveraging the gain competition between the principal polarization bases resulted from the thermal stress inside the isotropic gain crystal, the high-order structured pulses are found to reveal inhomogeneous polarized states with polarization singularities. Moreover, obvious polarization switching in the temporal domain is intriguingly observed under the significant coupling between the orthogonal polarization bases.
Efficient Continuous-Wave and Passively Q-switched Operations of a Femtosecond Laser Inscribed Tm/Ho:YLF Waveguide Laser at 2.05 μm
Authors: Ayevi Berke , Morova Yagiz , Damiano Eugenio , Tonelli Mauro , Sennaroglu Alphan
Published: December 2024

We describe the continuous-wave(CW) and passively Q-switched(PQS) operations of a femtosecond laser written 2.05-μm Tm/Ho:YLF waveguide laser, yielding a high CW efficiency of 38% and 64-kHz pulses as short as 25 ns during PQS operation.
Multi-kW peak power frequency comb MOFPA in nanosecond pulsed regime for lidar applications
Authors: Pouillaude Jonathan , Pichon Pierre , Délen Xavier , Georges Patrick , Lombard Laurent
Published: December 2024

Rugged laser systems are mandatory for onboard high-altitude lidar wind measurement. We propose a combination of methods to overcome SBS limitation for narrow linewidth pulses (50ns/40kHz) in fibers while being compatible with lidar applications.
An update on the commissioning status of the high energy Ti:Sa amplifier in the new EPAC facility
Authors: Clarke Danielle , Mason Paul D. , Heathcote Robert , McHugh Luke , Butcher Thomas , Hernandez-Gomez Cristina , Collier John
Published: December 2024

We provide an update on the commissioning status of the high energy titanium-doped sapphire amplifier for a petawatt-level laser in the EPAC facility designed to operate at pulse rates up to 10 Hz.
Frameworks for Sovereign Knowledge Exchange in Laser-Based Additive Process Chains
Authors: Gast Fabian , Merschroth Holger , Weigold Matthias
Published: December 2024

Frameworks for sovereign knowledge exchange in laser-based additive manufacturing address interdisciplinary collaboration challenges, enabling secure data sharing and integration of digital services to improve process quality, cost-efficiency, and sustainability in complex, volatile market conditions.
Industrialized Fiber-Laser-Based THz Spectrometers for Precision Characterization and Inspection
Authors: Gingras Lauren , Mangold Martin , Schreiber Alexander , Bawuah Prince , Thomas Gabrielle , Rönneberg Enno , Holzwarth Ronald
Published: December 2024

THz time-domain spectrometers are finding increasing applications in cutting-edge science and demanding industry environments. We present an industrialized THz spectrometer with enhanced high-power performance, and unprecedented flexibility for easy integration and turn-key operation.
Outlook for the Contract Business using Laser Peening in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Yuji
Published: December 2024

In Japan, shot peening is actively used mainly in the automotive industry. Automobile parts are processed on production lines using specialized equipment. On the other hand, some workshops are contracted to perform small-lot processing for prototypes. So far, laser peening has been used in Europe and the United States for special applications. In Japan, the contract processing business has started in order to expand the demand for laser peening. In this report, the expansion of the laser peening application in Japan is described.
Laser processing in electric vehicle manufacture
Authors: Smith Sullivan , Allen Chris , Martello David
Published: December 2024

The theme of E-Mobility covers many forms of electrified transportation. Electric motors are powered by rechargeable battery systems (e.g. electric cars or bicycles) or power taken directly from a grid supply (e.g. trains or trams). In all cases the purpose of the electrified system is to provide some form of mobility for humans or a payload with zero exhaust pipe emissions and lower carbon footprint of service. The proliferation of E-Mobility solutions marks a significant step towards Net Zero targets.
Development of Wire Laser Metal 3D Printer
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Toyama Takeshi , Monodane Takeshi
Published: December 2024

In the manufacturing industry, the application of Additive Manufacturing is advancing. Mitsubishi Electric has developed the "AZ600", a wire laser metal 3D printer that is the first in Japan to use a combination of metal wire as the material and laser as the heat source. It is equipped with a printing process control function that detects the printing state with various sensors and coordinates the processing conditions and axis speed, achieving stabilization and high precision in printing. In addition, by using our unique “dot forming”, it is possible to suppress thermal distortion and oxidation. In application examples of AM with the AZ600, reductions in processing time, manufacturing cost, and waste material are expected, and a contribution to carbon neutrality is anticipated. Furthermore, it is also expected to address the needs for quality stabilization of personalized tasks and automation and labor-saving.
Deformable Mirror Identification with Spatial Spectral Interferometry for Laser Dispersion Manipulation
Authors: Chang Jui-Chi , Chang Chia-Yuan
Published: December 2024

We propose an iterative algorithm and closed-loop optimization process to generate Legendre polynomial based optical dispersion modes by using a linear deformable mirror pulse compressor, and dynamic dispersion compensation with closed-loop control is also presented.
A Study of Wavelet-Based Algorithms for Reducing Interference between Automotive and Smartphone LiDARs
Authors: Eom Jeongsook , Kim Gunzung , Hur Soojung , Park Yongwan
Published: December 2024

Range sensors in autonomous vehicles face mutual interference challenges. This study shows that wavelet-based algorithms can reduce interference between automotive and smartphone LiDARs by up to 87%, highlighting their potential for improving vehicle safety and efficiency.
Detecting Low-Level Clear Air Turbulence Using LiDAR in Urban Air Mobility
Authors: Kim Gunzung , Eom Jeongsook , Hur Soojung , Park Yongwan
Published: December 2024

Urban air mobility (UAM) is a transportation system for short-distance travel within cities at low altitudes. It utilizes advanced weather technology and LiDAR-based optical technology to detect clear air turbulences (CATs) for safer operations.
Performance Evaluation of Beams Carrying Orbital Angular Momentum in Optical Turbulence in Rayleigh-Bénard Underwater Convection
Authors: Avramov-Zamurovic Svetlana , Ferlic Nathaniel A. , O’Malley Owen , Judd K. Peter
Published: December 2024

We compare the propagation of a Gaussian beam to the beams that carry OAM in moderate and strong underwater optical turbulence created by Rayleigh Bénard convection. Analysis focuses on scintillation index and frame-to-frame correlations.
Light Scattering Experiments and Simulations from Laser Beams with Orbital Angular Momentum
Authors: Sivaprakasam Vasanthi , Hart Matthew , Divitt Shawn , Xavier Marquise , O’Malley Owen , Avramov Svetlana
Published: December 2024

The angular elastic scattering signal intensity is simulated and measured from suspended single particles for varying order mode, orbital angular momentum laser beams. Comparison between simulation/experiment and to scattering from Gaussian beam is discussed.
Non-mechanical coherent LiDAR based on wavelength division multiplexing
Authors: Kim Huiyeon , Park Sang Min , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: December 2024

We propose a coherent LiDAR using a wideband laser and wavelength division to enable nonmechanical scanning. This laser has a wide bandwidth of 160nm centered at 1535nm, implementing wavelength division with 16 channels.
Wavelength-switchable pulsed Raman Fiber Laser with Synchronous Pumping for Photoacoustic Sensing on the C-H Bond
Authors: Park Sang Min , Bak Seongjin , Kim Hyung-Hoi , Kim Yeong Jin , Lee Hwidon , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: December 2024

A wavelength-switchable pulsed Raman fiber laser based on synchronous pumping, with electrically controllable wavelength tuning in the 1700 nm region, has been developed for vibration photoacoustic sensing of C–H bonds.
Visualizing Excitons with Time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy
Authors: Madéo Julien
Published: December 2024

Recent progress in ultrafast table-top and photoemission techniques have enabled access to the dynamical, spatial and momentum properties of few-particle states in condensed matter systems, including the visualization of dark excitons and the excitonic wavefunction.
Stretched pulse active mode-locking comb swept laser for extended measurable range
Authors: Bak Seongjin , Kim Gyeong Hun , Lee Hwidon , Kim Chang-Seok
Published: December 2024

We propose a stretched pulse active mode-locking comb-swept laser for extended measurable ranging. The optical subsampling with the laser allows the system to measure an extended range within the limited electrical bandwidth of the digitizer.
Frequency Modulated Pulsed Coherent Wind Lidar for Short Range Measurement
Authors: Lombard L. , Valla M. , Michel D.T.
Published: December 2024

We present and demonstrate an innovative laser source to mitigate the short-range limitation of coherent wind lidars (CWL). This frequency modulated pulsed coherent wind lidar (called "tweet lidar") effectively allows short-distance (~7m instead of 150m) clean wind speed measurement with accuracy of the order of a few dm/s.
The feasibility of a visuo-cognitive training intervention using a mobile application and exercise with stroboscopic glasses in Parkinson’s: Findings from a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Das Julia , Barry Gill , Walker Richard , Vitorio Rodrigo , Celik Yunus , McDonald Claire , Storey Bryony , Oman Paul , Morris Rosie , Stuart Samuel
Published: December 2024

Background

There is currently no pharmacological treatment for visuo-cognitive impairments in Parkinson’s disease. Alternative strategies are needed to address these non-motor symptoms given their impact on quality of life. Novel technologies have potential to deliver multimodal rehabilitation of visuo-cognitive dysfunction, but more research is required to determine their feasibility in Parkinson’s.

Objective

To determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a home-based, technological visuo-cognitive training (TVT) intervention using a mobile application and exercise with stroboscopic glasses compared to non-technological care in people with Parkinson’s.

Methods

This 18-month, parallel, two-arm pilot trial took place between July 2021-December 2022. Participants were community-dwelling individuals with a diagnosis of Parkinson’s, aged over 50 years. Participants were randomly allocated to one of two active four-week interventions, TVT (n = 20) or standard care (SC) (n = 20). A physiotherapist delivered 8 home visits over 4 weeks, lasting 45–60 mins. Participants were evaluated at baseline and then on completion of the intervention. Primary outcomes were feasibility of the study design and intervention (recruitment/retention, adherence, assessment time scale, equipment and safety). Exploratory outcomes included assessments of cognitive, visual, clinical and motor function. (Blinding of participants was not possible due to the nature of the intervention)

Results

The recruitment rate was 60% (40/67), and the retention rate was 98% (39/40). Adherence to both arms of the intervention was high, with participants attending 98% of visits in the TVT group and 96% of visits in the SC group. 35% (9/20) of participants in the TVT group experienced mild symptoms associated with use of the stroboscopic glasses which included dizziness, queasiness and unsteadiness. There were minimal between group differences, with both interventions having positive effects on a variety of clinical, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that home-based TVT with a physiotherapist is feasible in people with Parkinson’s and could provide an alternative approach to addressing cognitive and motor dysfunction in this population. We make recommendations for future trials and invite ensuing studies to improve upon the design and utilise stroboscopic visual training and digital tools to investigate this emerging area of multimodal rehabilitation.

This trial was prospectively registered at ISRCTN (registration number: ISRCTN46164906; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN46164906).