bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Clinical Study of Levobupivacaine and Levobupivacaine with Dexmedetomidine for Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block
Authors: Hasnat Sabir , Ahmad Sohail , Jha Ashutosh Kumar
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Sensory and motor functions of peripheral nerve can be blocked by injecting local anaesthetic around the group of nerves, which will stop the conduction of nerve impulse. Peripheral nerve block is a well-accepted technique in anaesthesia care. Brachial plexus block is also one of the reliable techniques in providing regional anaesthesia for upper limb surgery. METHODS This was a prospective, double blinded, randomised comparative study which included 40 patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II of either sex of 20 - 65 years old age groups for upper limb surgery. Cases were divided randomly into two groups: Group A: received levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5 % 25 cc with dexmedetomidine injection. Group B: received levobupivacaine hydrochloride 0.5 % 25 cc injection. Each individual was allocated to respective group by computer generated randomisation chart. Both group A and B were assessed for the onset of sensory & motor block, duration of postoperative analgesia and duration of action. RESULTS In the present study, it was observed that the onset of sensory blockade (P < 0.001) & motor blockade (P < 0.001) was earlier in groups A with prolonged duration of sensory & motor blockade (P < 0.001) as compared to group B. Group A took longer time for first rescue analgesia post operatively compared to group B, and the difference was found significant (P < 0.001). Both group A and group B were comparable for systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. CONCLUSIONS The onset of sensory and motor blockade was early in 0.5 % levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine with prolonged duration of action and required lesser dose of rescue analgesic in 0.5 % levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine as compared to 0.5 % levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. KEYWORDS Dexmedetomidine, Levobupivacaine, Brachial Plexus Block
A Study on Malignancy of Oral Cavity Cases Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre in Western Odisha
Authors: Mishra Satyajit , Patjoshi Dipti Ranjan
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Malignancy of oral cavity is quite a common disease entity in Western part of the state of Odisha. This is because of prevalence of habits like smoking, chewing tobacco, and consumption of alcohol. Ignorance about the severity of the condition in early stages leads to delayed diagnosis. METHODS A study was undertaken in Bhima Bhoi Medical College, Bolangir, in Western Orissa from October 2018 to September 2020 to study about different patterns of presentations and histopathological variations of malignancy of oral cavity in this part of Odisha. Patients were thoroughly clinically evaluated, examined, and appropriate investigation protocol was followed to record data. RESULTS About 0.33 % of all patients coming to the outpatient department (OPD) were found to be suffering from carcinoma of oral cavity. Maximum number of cases were males in the 5th and 6th decade with squamous cell carcinoma. Predisposing factors like areca nut and pan masala consumption were noted. A majority of patients were cultivators from lower middle-class families. Other common groups were businessman and industrial workers. They had come with burning sensation in the mouth and restricted mouth opening as complaints. Xerostomia, fibrous bands in mouth, cervical lymphadenopathy were signs that were detected. Cheek was seen to be a primary site of lesion in large number of cases followed by tongue and lip. CONCLUSIONS In spite of them being easily assessable, patients ignored their symptoms leading to delay in reporting to healthcare facility. As the patients were from disadvantaged background, by the time they came to hospital, they were in an advanced stage (stage three). Squamous cell carcinoma is very common in this part of Orissa. Proper guidance to the patients about the symptoms and risk factors will go a long way in early diagnosis and a more favourable outcome post treatment. KEYWORDS Malignancy, Oral Cavity, Predisposing Factor, Stage
Factors Affecting Visual Outcome in Post-Operative Cases of Lens Induced Glaucoma - A Prospective Study
Authors: Davis Disilva , S Remadevi , Mamman Accamma
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Lens induced glaucoma is common in India. By early identification and removal of cataract, vision loss due to lens induced glaucoma can be prevented. Of the 12.5 million blind people in India, 50 - 80 % is due to cataract. In developing countries like India financial, cultural, and psychosocial constraints still exist to access excellent surgical services. This study was undertaken to determine factors affecting postoperative visual acuity in patients with lens induced glaucoma and to estimate the proportion of cases attaining good visual acuity. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted in 85 cases of lens induced glaucoma admitted in Regional Institute of Ophthalmology during a period of 1 year from May 2018 - April 2019. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination preoperatively as well as postoperatively. All patients underwent cataract surgery and postoperatively patients were followed up regularly at 1 day, 1 week and 4 week and were evaluated. RESULTS Majority of patients were in the age group of 70 - 79 years (35.3 %). Females outnumbered males by 13 %. Most of the patients had a preoperative intraocular pressure between 21 – 30 mmHg (37.6 %). On analysis of the impact of duration of symptom on postoperative visual acuity, 70.4 % patients attained visual acuity > 6 / 24 when presented within 3 days. This was statistically significant with a P value of 0.011. When preoperative visual acuity was hand movements vision or better, 79.2 % patients attained visual acuity > 6 / 24 and it was significant with a P-value of < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS Delayed presentation, elderly age and sustained rise in preoperative intraocular pressure are the factors leading to poor visual prognosis. As majority of the patients were pseudophakic in the fellow eye, it is necessary to council all patients regarding timely surgery in the second eye at the time of discharge. KEYWORDS Cataract, Secondary Glaucoma, Visual Outcome
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Prevalence of Nomophobia and Knowledge and Effect of Using Smart Phone among College Students in Selected Colleges of Fatehabad, Haryana, with a View to Develop an Information Booklet
Authors: Vaishali Vaishali , Mandonca Loyd Melwyn , Bishnoi Seikhoo
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Nomophobia an abbreviation for “no-mobile phone phobia” is a fear of being out of mobile phone contact. We wanted to assess the prevalence of nomophobia, knowledge regarding smartphone use, and effect of using smart phones among college students. METHODS A descriptive study was conducted among 250 college students who were perceiving bachelor’s degree in arts in selected colleges of district Fatehabad, Haryana. Nomophobia scale, structured knowledge questionnaire, and checklist were used to collect data. The collected data was statistically analysed by using SPSS Ver. 23. RESULTS The study findings reveal that majority, 140 (56.0 %) of samples have moderate levels of nomophobia. 203 (81.2 %) samples have good knowledge level regarding smartphone. Majority, 188 (75.2 %) of samples had moderate level of effect on their life due to smartphone use. There is significant association between level of nomophobia of samples with years of using mobile phone and frequent reason of using mobile phone. There is significant association between level of knowledge of samples with their age and their education level. There is positive correlation between level of nomophobia and effects of using smart phone among college students. There is negative correlation between level of knowledge and effects of using smart phone. CONCLUSIONS The study findings provide statistical evidence which clearly indicates that there is prevalence of nomophobia and adverse effects of using smartphone on their life. KEYWORDS Nomophobia, Knowledge, Prevalence, Adverse Effect, Smartphone
Relationship between Testosterone, Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Markers and Obesity Parameters in Overweight and Obese Adolescents and Adult Males - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Valsaraj Rahul , Sengupta Nilanjan , Baidya Arjun , Goswami Soumik , Sahana Pranab Kumar
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND Obesity is a global pandemic in adolescent and adult population. Although changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis with obesity is well known, there is dearth of literature from Eastern India especially with its relationship to obesity parameters, insulin resistance (IR) & inflammatory markers. We wanted to study the changes in total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and calculated free testosterone (cFT) with parameters of obesity [body mass index (BMI), waist, hip, neck, wrist circumference and waist-hip ratio], insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and (HOMA2-IR) and inflammation (adiponectin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP)] in overweight and obese (OWOB) adolescent and adult males. METHODS An institution based cross-sectional study was done from January 2018 to January 2020 consisting of 323 male participants including adolescent and adults presenting to or being referred for overweight or obesity to the Department of Endocrinology and non-obese volunteers. RESULTS TT was lower in OWOB groups (adolescents - 216.6 ± 82.2 vs. 259.0 ± 111.1 ng / dl; P = < 0.0001, adults - 392.3 ± 131.4 vs. 500.24 ± 137.8 ng / dl; P = < 0.0001) compared to nonobese. Luteinizing hormone (LH), SHBG and cFT was also significantly lower in OWOB groups. Obesity parameters (except waist-hip ratio), HOMA-IR, HOMA2-IR and adiponectin correlated with TT, SHBG and cFT in OWOB adults and only TT in OWOB adolescents. Hs-CRP correlated with TT, SHBG and cFT in OWOB adults. CONCLUSIONS Testosterone was found to have a significant correlation with parameters of obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation in overweight and obese adolescent and adult males. KEYWORDS Overweight, Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Testosterone, Hypogonadism
The Value of the Topography of the Inferior Epigastric Artery in Women in Breast Reconstructive Plastic Surgery
Authors: Chernykh A. V. , Popova M. P. , Brigadirova V. Yu. , Rusakova L. A.
Published: April 2021

Currently, the most optimal option for breast reconstruction after mastectomy is the use of a pedicle DIEP flap from the inferior epigastric artery.The aim of the study was to study the features of the typical and variant anatomy of the inferior epigastric artery in women in the applied aspect.Material and methods. The study was carried out on 20 unfixed female bodies who died at the age of 54.6±4.7 years. We studied the level of intersection of the main trunk of the inferior epigastric artery with the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle, the distance from this artery to the midline at different measurement levels, as well as the outer diameter of the studied vessel.Results. On the right, at different measurement levels, the distance from the main trunk of the inferior epigastric artery to the midline, the diameter of the artery, as well as the level of its intersection with the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle in relation to the upper edge of the pubic bone, significantly exceed those on the left.Conclusion. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the topographic anatomy of the inferior epigastric artery, planning and carrying out breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap, in order to prevent the development of necrosis in the postoperative period. For better reperfusion of the reconstruction area in the postoperative period, it is preferable to cut out the flap with the isolation of the right inferior epigastric artery (due to its larger diameter).
Transcoelomic and Lympho-Hematogenous Dissemination of Endometrioid Heterotopias – the Mechanism of Extragenital Endometriosis Formation
Authors: Ukrainets R. V. , Korneva Yu. S.
Published: April 2021

Endometriosis nowadays still a disease with an undisclosed pathogenesis. This article demonstrates and explains the possibility of different variants of dissemination of endometrioid cells in the body with the formation of foci of extragenital endometriosis in organs and tissues remote from the pelvis, complementing and confirming the theory of utero-peritoneal reflux in the development of endometriosis as the most reasonable. Endometrioid heterotopias have a more developed lymphatic network compared to the normal endometrium due to active lymphangiogenesis, and, having a tendency to invasive growth, endometrioid heterotopia is a source of endometrioid cells spreading along the direction of lymph outflow from the most typical locations (pelvic organs) with damage to the inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes. Lymphatic dissemination in adenomyosis is observed in every fourth patient, which requires revision of the surgery protocol with excision of regional lymph nodes to prevent relapses. The presence of cases of pulmonary endometriosis and endometrioid liver cysts makes hematogenic dissemination of endometriosis from the primary source in the pelvic region obvious. The most frequent localizations of endometrioid heterotopias are located near the corresponding venous plexuses of the small pelvis, the outflow from which occurs mainly through the inferior vena cava, without anatomical obstacles for hematogenic dissemination of endometrioid cells with subsequent lung damage. For liver involment, it is likely that endometriosis in the distal parts of the colon is important, the venous outflow from which is directed to the portal vein system. Endometriosis of the diaphragm – is an example transcoelomic spread with predominant location on the right dome of the diaphragm, as the right subphrenic space communicates with the pelvic cavity through the right lateral channel, which justifies the possibility of such involments of the diaphragme in context of the theory of uteroperitoneal reflux.Thus, the theory of menstrual regurgitation and the theory of hemato-lymphatic dissemination are components of a single pathogenetic model of the distribution of endometrioid cells in the body.
Karyometric Parameters of Skin Fibroblasts in the Early Stages of Wound Healing
Authors: Andreev A. A. , Ul'yanov I. A. , Torgun P. M. , Glukhov A. A. , Alexeeva N. T.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was a comparative study of the karyometric parameters of fibroblasts using various acid-modified solutions in the early stages of healing of skin wounds in rats.Material and methods. The experiment was carried out on 75 Wistar rats. For the treatment of wounds, 0.9% NaCl solution was used at a pH of 5.0; 7.0; and 7.5. The material was fixed in Shtiva liquid, 10% formalin solution. Thin paraffin sections (4–5 μm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan according to Heidenhain. The area of fibroblast nuclei was determined planimetricallyResults. Three types of fibroblasts were found in the skin of intact rats. The papillary layer contained papillary fibroblasts; the reticular layer – reticular fibroblasts. The third type of fibroblasts was located between the hair follicles. In rats of all experimental groups, on the 1st day after the wound was inflicted, extensive inflammatory processes, hemorrhages, and necrotic changes in the structural components of the skin were revealed. On the 3rd day after the wound was inflicted in rats of the 1st and 4th groups, the area of the nuclei of papillary fibroblasts in the peripheral areas of the wound statistically significantly increased by 24.4% and 22.4%, respectively, compared with the control. In animals of the 3rd group, the area of fibroblast nuclei remained unchanged. On the 5th day, an increase in the number of fibroblasts over the entire surface of the wound was observed in rats of all experimental groups. The area of fibroblast nuclei in rats of the 4th group increased statistically significantly by 26.5% (Р<0.001) as compared to the control. In animals of the 3rd group, the increase in the area of the nuclei in comparison with the control was only 6.5%, while no statistically significant changes were found in comparison with the control. The area of the fibroblast nuclei located between the hair follicles reached a maximum value, which indicated a high functional tension of the hair follicle fibroblasts. Conclusion. The use of 0.9% NaCl solution with pH 5.0 in the first phase of wound healing and 0.9% NaCl solution with pH 7.5 in the second phase of wound healing reduces inflammation processes, while the secretory activity of fibroblasts increases, and collagenization is accelerated.
Optimization of the antifungal metabolite production in Streptomyces libani isolated from northern forests soils in Iran
Authors: Azish Maryam , Shams-Ghahfarokhi Masoomeh , Razzaghi-Abyaneh Mehdi
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose: Soil bacteria have extreme population diversity among natural sources and are able to produce a wide array of antifungal metabolites. This study aimed to isolate and identify the bioactive metabolite-producing bacteria from forest soils and evaluate their antimicrobial potent against some pathogenic organisms.
Materials and Methods: In this study, soil samples were screened for antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar using a visual agar plate assay method. All growing bacteria were examined for antifungal activity, and antagonistic bacteria were identified based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis. For optimization of the production of antifungal bioactive metabolites, inhibitory bacteria were cultured on different culture conditions, including media, pH, temperature, and incubation time.
Results: In total, 110 bacterial strains were isolated from the forest soils and four species with high antifungal activity were identified as Streptomyces libani, Streptomyces angustmyceticus, Bacillus subtilis, and Sphingopyxis spp. on the basis of 16s ribosomal RNA sequencing. Dichloromethane extract of the starch casein broth culture filtrate of the S. libani (incubated at 30° C for five days) showed strong antifungal activity against A. fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus.
Conclusion: Based on the results, forest soils contain organisms with antifungal activity and could be considered as a good source for novel antifungal metabolites as effective and safe therapeutics.
Энергетическое право. Общая часть. Учебно-методическое пособие.
Authors:   доктор юридических наук, заведующий кафедрой энергетического права Московского государственного юридического университета имени О.Е. Кутафина (МГЮА), директор Центра энергетического права СанктПетербургского государственного экономического университета, научный руководитель Автономной некоммерческой организации «Научно-исследовательский «Центр энергетического права и современной правовой науки имени В.А.Мусина», Романова В.В.
Published: April 2021

Содержание настоящего учебного издания способствует изучению и преподаванию курса по общей части энергетического права. Общая часть включает в себя разделы, посвященные понятию, методам, принципам энергетического права, источникам энергетического права, правовому регулированию частноправовых и публично-правовых отношений в сфере энергетики. В учебном издании представлены рекомендуемая учебная и научная литература по разделам курса, нормативные правовые акты, международные договоры, акты высших судебных инстанций, методические рекомендации по подготовке к лекциям и практическим занятиям, самостоятельной работе, оценочные средства. Учебно-методическое пособие может быть полезным для обучающихся, преподавателей высших учебных заведений, аспирантов, научных работников, практикующих юристов, государственных служащих.
Prognozowanie zapotrzebowania na gaz metodami sztucznej inteligencji
Authors:   AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. St. Staszica w Krakowie, Paliński Andrzej
Published: April 2021

The paper presents contemporary trends in artificial intelligence and machine learning methods, which include, among others, artificial neural networks, decision trees, fuzzy logic systems and others. Computational intelligence methods are part of the field of research on artificial intelligence. Selected methods of computational intelligence were used to build medium-term monthly forecasts of natural gas demand for Poland. The accuracy of forecasts obtained using the artificial neural network and the decision tree with classical linear regression was compared based on historical data from a ten-year period. The explanatory variables were: gas consumption in other EU countries, average monthly temperature, industrial production, wages in the economy and the price of natural gas. Forecasting was carried out in five stages differing in the selection of the learning and testing sample, the use of data preprocessing and the elimination of some variables. For raw data and a random training set, the highest accuracy was achieved by linear regression. For the preprocessed data and the random learning set, the decision tree was the most accurate. The forecast obtained on the basis of the first eight years and tested on the last two was most accurately created by regression, but only slightly better than with the decision tree or neural network, regardless of data normalization and elimination of collinear variables. Machine learning methods showed good accuracy of monthly gas consumption forecasts, but nevertheless slightly gave way to classical linear regression, due to too narrow set of explanatory variables. Machine learning methods will be able to show higher effectiveness as the number of data increases and the set of potential explanatory variables is expanded. In the sea of data, machine learning methods are able to create prognostic models more effectively, without the analyst’s laborious involvement in data preparation and multi-stage analysis. They will also allow for the frequent updating of the form of prognostic models even after each addition of new data into the database.
Research on Cultivation Path of Tourism Entrepreneurship in Colleges and Universities
Authors: Yang Baoshan
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of tourism, new needs are put forward for the cultivation of tourism talents. The innovation and entrepreneurship education in local colleges and universities is the need for the survival and develop-ment of college students under the normal economic conditions, and it is also the requirement of the construction of innovative country and the comprehensive innovation of higher education in our country. This paper analyzes the pre-sent situation of tourism management professionals in applied colleges and universities in order to improve the training path of applied talents in tourism management majors in colleges and universities.
Investigation of soil displacements caused by the press-in process for close-ended model piles using an imaging technique
Authors: Lu Ye , Jiang Yun , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: April 2021

In recent years, installing piles using the press-in method has gained popularity in urban areas. However, pushing piles into the ground squeezes the surrounding soils and consequently causes a disturbance or even damage to the underground structures and facilities close by. In order to investigate the squeezing effect incurred by press-in piling, a series of model tests were performed. The soil displacement field was captured using a non-contact technique called digital image correlation (DIC), and the horizontal soil stresses were measured by mini pressure cells. Analyses of the soil displacement fields showed that the pile press-in process caused different soil displacement paths at different depths and locations. The development of horizontal soil stresses correlated well with the horizontal and vertical displacements. A thin disturbance layer could be observed along the pile-soil interface and it was about 7.4-11.1 D50 in thickness (D50, median particle size). At the end, the soil displacements caused by pushing the model pile with different pile shoes were analyzed and compared, and the analyses showed that a greater shoe angle resulted in greater disturbance to the surrounding soils. However, the influence of the pile shoe angle became less substantial with the increase of the pile penetration depth.
(My) data for (my) health – privacy calculi of terminally-ill patients with rare diseases
Authors: Dassel Katharina , Klein Stefan
Published: April 2021

Digital healthcare information systems promise to improve care efficiency, to reduce complexity for patients, and to increase access to information and advance research efforts. A prominent example are multi-sided-platforms (MSP), which are essentially an information business, linking key healthcare stakeholders for individualized as well as aggregated information services. However, platform-based health innovation relies on the extensive collection, storage, and use of sensitive health information, raising issues of information privacy. This study uses the privacy calculus perspective to shed light on patients’ trade-off considerations. We use the case of a MSP, which connects patients, care providers and researchers, in order to model a multi-level calculus for health information of terminally ill patients. These insights inform stepwise consent options, which highlight the trade-offs between information value and patient privacy. By reflecting on the implications for patient empowerment this conceptual paper develops a research agenda on how to study and design responsible health information systems.
Basics on Commodities Risk Management for Grains Trading
Authors: Giruć Piotr
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the kinds of risk groups existed on cereal market and presenting possibilities of limiting the undesirable phenomena. An issue appears: what way the subjects of cereal market, producers in particular, should alone neutralize the appearing risk, and when should expect support from the state institutions. More often financial instruments find the solution for agricultural hedgers. Derivatives, such as: forward, future and option contracts are transferring the price risk from producers to intermediaries of the market and are improving the flow of contracts on the cereal market.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Zimny Artur , Hajdys Dagmara , Witczak Radosław , Kuchciak Iwa , Ślebocka Magdalena , Tylman Aneta
Published: April 2021

„Koniunktura w sektorze przedsiębiorstw niefinansowych”

„Nowa ustawa o umowach koncesji na roboty budowlane lub usługi”

„Zmiany w świecie podatków w połowie roku 2016”

„Dostęp do podstawowego rachunku płatniczego w ograniczaniu wykluczenia finansowego”

"Koniunktura giełdowa"

"O potrzebie wypracowania metod angażowana społeczności lokalnych w programy rewitalizacji – DiverCity II – kroki partycypacji (cz. I)"
Comparative Analysis of In vitro Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Cinnamomum tamala Extract and their Essential Oils of Two Different Chemotypes
Authors: Naik Gaurav , Haider Syed Zafar , Bhandari Ujjwal , Lohani Hema , Chauhan Nirpendra
Published: April 2021

Background: The essential oils of aromatic plants have wide range of biological applications. Natural food preservatives have been always a demanding for food industries in both developed and developing countries to prevent bacterial growth in food stuffs. Therefore, focused on Cinnamon leaves essential oils components against food pathogens have been investigated to confirm its potential use in food products. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of two Cinnamon leaves oils and extracts (T-2 and T-19) were examined by disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration by two-fold serial dilution method against foodborn pathogenic microorganisms i.e. E.coli (MTCC 723), B. Cereus (MTCC 430), S. aureus (MTCC 3381), S. typhi (MTCC 734) and C. perfringens (MTCC 1349). The antioxidant activity of both essential oils and extract was determined by DPPH assay. The chemical profiling of Cinnamon essential oils were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: The antimicrobial activity of both Cinnamon leaves oils and extract were evaluated by disc diffusion assay and it showed that in essential oils and extracts exhibited the highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) against S. aureus and E.coli. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both oils and extracts ranged from 0.156 mg/ml to 5mg/ml and the antioxidant properties of oils and extract of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon possessed the highest antioxidant activity than linalool type. The chemical constituent of Cinnamon oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that T-2 contains cinnamaldehyde (75%) and T-19 contains Linalool (63.77%) were found as major constituents. Therefore the results shows that essential oil of cinnamaldehyde type Cinnamon could be a potential rich source of natural antioxidants and also more effective against food borne pathogens than linalool type and could be used as natural antibacterial agents in food preservation.
Bovine Milk: A1 and A2 Beta Casein Milk Proteins and their Impact on Human Health: A Review
Authors: Chitra P.
Published: April 2021

Milk is the ideal food for all age groups of human being. Milk consists of 87 per cent water and the remaining 13 per cent is the milk sugar lactose, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Casein is the chief component of the milk proteins of which about 30 per cent is beta-casein. The major beta-casein variants are A1 and A2. Beta-casein consist a chain of 229 amino acids. Cows that produce milk contain proline amino acid are called as A2 cows. A2 milk is found basically in indigenous cows and buffaloes of India. Around 5,000 years ago, a mutation occurred in this proline amino acid, converting it to histidine amino acid at 67 th position. Cows that have this mutated beta casein protein are called A1 cows. Different mutations bovine beta casein produce 13 genetic variants and out of these A1 and A2 are the most common. A1 β-casein is enzymatically broken down in the intestine to produce beta-casmorphin-7 (β-CM-7) which is an opioid peptide similar to morphine. BCM-7 interacts with the human gastrointestinal tract, internal organs and brainstem. BCM-7 adversely affects the immune response and is also considered as a risk factor for chronic heart diseases (CHD) and juvenile insulin dependent type I diabetes mellitus (DM-I). The original beta casein protein in bovine milk was A2. A2 is more comparable to the human beta casein than A1 in terms of digestive breakdown. Indigenous dairy breeds of cow (Red Sindhi, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Gir and Rathi) and buffalo produce A2 milk and India is endowed with rich A2 dairy animals.
Role of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Pollination of High Land Ecosystems: A Review
Authors: Parrey Aejaz H. , Raina Rifat H. , Saddam Babu , Pathak Purnima , Kumar Sanjeev , Uniyal V.P. , Gupta Devanshu , Khan Sajad A.
Published: April 2021

Bumblebees are one among the anthophilous form and play a significant role in the pollination of major agricultural crops like medicinal, aromatic, ornamental and various other horticultural plants. They are abundant and mostly confined to flowers present in the temperate, alpine and arctic climates of the northern continents. The bumblebees are considered as most important pollinators and are mainly responsible for the conservation of high altitude vegetation germplasm where other insect pollinators are very much limited. They are more successful pollinators and can visit large number of flowers per minute than other bees and are perfect for picking up and transferring appreciable amount of compatible pollen to flowers and thus perform buzz pollination. It is quite evident that the population of bumblebee is gradually declining throughout the globe for the last 7 decades due to agricultural intensification, habitat loss, deforestation, overgrazing, pesticide poisoning and climate change. The present paper addresses this issue on the basis of literature survey.
Histomorphological, Histochemical and Histoenzymic Studies on the Dermis of Skin of Goat (Capra hircus)
Authors: Mainde U.P. , Banubakode S.B. , Nandeshwar N.C. , Charjan R.Y. , Sathapathy S. , Salankar A.M.
Published: April 2021

Background: Skin is a versatile organ, which is extremely important for protection, perception, water regulation and wound healing. The skin of goat is considered extremely durable used by the tannery Industry to make rugs and carpet binding. Methods: The present study was conducted on the skin of goats of either sex to study the age wise changes in the histomorphology, histochemistry and histoenzymology of dermis. The skin samples were collected from Nagpur Muncipal Corporation Slaughter house immediately after natural death and subsequently processed and stained for histological, histochemical and histoenzymic studies. The total of 220 samples, 20 each from different body regions namely dorsal neck, lateral neck, ventral neck, dorsal thorax, lateral thorax, ventral thorax, dorsal abdomen, lateral abdomen, ventral abdomen, lateral thigh and medial thigh were collected. The animals were divided into two groups, viz. six to twelve month of age (Gr I) and above one year age (Gr II). Result: It was observed that the dermis was composed of collagen, elastic, reticular fibers, cells of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and arrector pili muscles in all body regions in Gr I as well as in Gr II. The dermis was divided into thin superficial papillary layer and a thick deep reticular layer. The dermal papillae were the upward projections of superficial papillary layer between epidermal pegs. In reticular layer, fibroblasts were larger, while in papillary layer, fibroblasts were thin long, compressed and spindle shaped. The collagen fibers were more in number as compared to other fibers in dermis and they were densely arranged in papillary layer and parallel with the skin surface below the epidermis. The elastic fibers were present in between the collagen fibers around the blood vessels and hair follicles. The arteriovenous shunt was found surrounded by capsule of connective tissue consisting of smooth muscle cells. The more number of hair follicles at deep part of papillary layer and few follicles were present in reticular layer. The hair follicle composed of outer root sheath, inner root sheath, cortex and medulla. The depth of primary hair follicle increased with the advancement of age. Moderate PAS positive activity was noted in the papillary layer, while it was weak to moderate in reticular layer. The reticular layer of the dermis showed moderate Sudan black B activity for the presence of lipid than the papillary layer. The mild acid phosphatase activity was seen in the papillary and reticular layer of dermis, while moderate acid phosphatase activity was noticed in the blood vessels. A mild alkaline phosphatase activity was present in dermis in Gr I and Gr II. Conclusion: The present study would form a baseline data on the histomorphology, histochemistry and histoenzymology of skin of goat which would be helpful in future research prospective.
Lectura crítica a partir de problemas socialmente relevantes
Authors: Romero-Olarte Betty , Ramírez-Rojas María Isabel
Published: April 2021

Este documento presenta una experiencia de aula cuyo propósito era potenciar el nivel de lectura crítica en los estudiantes del grado undécimo de educación media, a través de una unidad didáctica en el área de Ciencias Políticas y Económicas, en la que se articularon problemas socialmente relevantes. El trabajo se realizó bajo el enfoque cualitativo descriptivo y se trabajó con 20 estudiantes de grado undécimo del Colegio Nuestra Señora de la Concepción. El instrumento inicial evidenció que la mayoría de los estudiantes presenta dificultades en el nivel de lectura crítica, ya que, en la lectura contextual, solo tienen un acercamiento a la explicación del carácter sociocultural del texto; en la lectura inferencial los estudiantes demuestran dificultades, debido a que se centran en la relación con sus saberes previos y no logran ir más allá del texto y en lectura intertextual, manifiestan ausencia de la misma, porque para reafirmar sus razonamientos, la mayoría de los estudiantes solo presentan evocaciones a hechos establecidos a partir de sus saberes culturales y de la cotidianidad, no van más allá de lo que dice el autor. El trabajo de aula se efectuó con la implementación de una unidad didáctica que estaba constituida por cuatro secuencias que apuntaban a fortalecer la lectura crítica. Dichas secuencias contenían textos continuos y discontinuos, en los que se abordaban algunos problemas socialmente relevantes relacionados con el contenido de la asignatura. Luego de la intervención didáctica, los estudiantes alcanzaron un avance moderado, permitiendo el fortalecimiento de algunas de las habilidades de la lectura contextual e inferencial y un avance leve en la lectura intertextual. Por otra parte, el trabajo mostró que la implementación de textos sobre los problemas socialmente relevantes articulados a los contenidos académicos de diferentes áreas, genera un alto grado de motivación en los estudiantes.
Realidad social y cultural de la práctica del fútbol femenino en la ciudad de Tunja
Authors: Vargas-Peña Maria Camila
Published: April 2021

La historia de la mujer en el mundo y su participación en muchos ámbitos sociales como el político, religioso y económico, entre otros, ha estado marcada por paradigmas que se han instituido y legitimado desde las posturas de lo masculino. Sin embargo, existe uno en particular donde la mujer ha tenido que abrirse paso con gran dificultad, y es el ámbito deportivo, en especial en lo que tiene que ver con su participación en deportes que, por tradición, son jugados por hombres, como el fútbol. En Colombia, país que se caracteriza por la reafirmación de un pensamiento patriarcal, reconocer la calidad del fútbol femenino ha sido muy difícil, más aún cuando esta industria está marcada por la existencia de una brecha de género con tendencia a subestimar a la mujer, a discriminarla y a desconocerla como profesional. Dentro de esa industria, la mujer sigue jugando un papel social desigual, donde se limitan sus posibilidades de opinar, liderar o surgir, viéndose muchas veces sometida a tratos injustos. Sumado a esto, la percepción que la sociedad tiene de las jugadoras ocasiona que sean señaladas y juzgadas, en lugar de que se resalten sus triunfos y logros. Es así como es necesario visibilizar esta situación e invitar a la comunidad y a la escuela a reflexionar en torno a esta problemática, con el objetivo de transformar los imaginarios de género desde la infancia, y otorgar a las niñas y mujeres la libertad para decidir y formar parte de todos los escenarios sociales sin discriminación.
Comprensión problema de contaminación ambiental por uso de agroquímicos a través de la educación ambiental
Authors: Soler-Jiménez Elkin Darío , Molano-Carrera Ricardo
Published: April 2021

Se presentan los resultados preliminares del proyecto titulado “Comprensión problema de contaminación ambiental por el uso de agroquímicos a través de la Educación Ambiental”, el cual se desarrolla en la Institución Educativa Técnica la Libertad, sede Peña de Águilas, del municipio de Samacá, departamento de Boyacá. El problema de investigación priorizado se ubica, por un lado, en la identificación de una cultura de uso indiscriminado de los agroquímicos en la comunidad desde hace sesenta años, y, por otro, en la ausencia de procesos académicos que, desde la Institución Educativa, involucren la comprensión de problemáticas ambientales de su territorio. La pregunta orientadora del proceso es “¿Cómo contribuir en la comprensión del problema de contaminación ambiental por el uso indiscriminado de agroquímicos en la vereda Peña de Águilas del municipio de Samacá, mediante una propuesta pedagógica?” El proyecto se lleva a cabo bajo el paradigma socio-crítico, con enfoque cualitativo y tipo de investigación Investigación-Acción, con una muestra de nueve estudiantes pertenecientes al grado quinto de la institución antes mencionada. Durante la primera fase se hizo una exploración de las concepciones instaladas en los estudiantes sobre ambiente, problemática ambiental y agroquímicos, a través de un cuestionario; esto permitió evidenciar que las concepciones se ubicaron en dos tendencias, la primera con una visión naturalista donde se excluye al hombre de la naturaleza, y la segunda con una visión antropocentrista que ubica al hombre separado de la naturaleza.
Crítica a la filosofía de la Liberación
Authors: Rengifo-Carpintero John Alexis , Díaz-Caicedo Carmen Helena
Published: April 2021

El artículo es una reflexión crítica sobre el fenómeno ideológico del sur, denominado, Filosofía de la Liberación. En este se analizarán tres aspectos: primero, el uso exacerbado que los autores hacen de la reflexión histórica por encima de todo acontecer positivo; segundo, su pretensión doxológica que termina siendo una judaización del pensamiento en Latinoamérica; y, tercero, la terrible paradoja que esta forma de pensar ofrece: la aplicación de un método decolonial implica necesariamente un lugar de poder desde donde lo oprimido juzga la historia y el mundo de la vida del opresor. La metodología propuesta para dicho examen es la deconstructiva, acción de orientación que nos permitirá poner en evidencia las contradicciones conceptuales de tal movimiento. Para ello, el texto hace una reflexión sobre dos movimientos que le dieron origen, la Pedagogía Crítica y la Teología de la Liberación. Finalmente, el texto evidencia las contradicciones de esta forma de pensar, al presentar la acción decolonial como norma a ser aplicable a todo proceso histórico de exclusión, marginación y colonización, produciendo un discurso de poder el cual se ha empeñado en rechazar.
Gestión del conocimiento en las Instituciones de Educación Superior para la apropiación social del conocimiento
Authors: Urrego-Estrada Gleidy Alexandra , Gutiérrez-Ossa Jahir Alexander , Jurado-Zambrano Diego Armando
Published: April 2021

El propósito del artículo es reflexionar acerca de la gestión del conocimiento en las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Colombia IES para la apropiación social del conocimiento, a través de las actividades de investigación para la transferencia de información y conocimiento en un área del saber. La ruta metodológica es de tipo cualitativa y está orientada en la reflexión analítica de asuntos y bases de la gestión del conocimiento en las IES para la apropiación social del conocimiento, a partir de establecer horizontes reflexivos que permitan comprenderla. Se desarrolló en dos momentos: En el primero, se realizarán discusiones conceptuales sobre categorías como: región del conocimiento y apropiación social del conocimiento. En el segundo momento se realizó el procesamiento y análisis de la información. Los resultados se centran hacia un nuevo enfoque donde la prioridad sea la transferencia como un proceso de intercambio y apropiación social del conocimiento para la innovación y transformación social.  Como principal conclusión considera que la gestión del conocimiento implica para las IES el reconocerse como entidades que generan, impactan, transfieren y promueven el conocimiento como un proceso de intercambio, y no se limitan a su adquisición como sucede en la actualidad.
Comportamiento del mercado de los peces ornamentales continentales en Colombia
Authors: Franco Ortega Julio Alejandro , Moncaleano Gómez Erika Marcela , Ajiaco Martinez Rosa Elena
Published: April 2021

Este artículo hace una revisión de literatura científica sobre la importancia comercial de los peces ornamentales (PO) en Colombia. Entre los principales resultados se encuentra que este mercado continúa siendo una actividad de intercambio mundial de especies exóticas que genera grandes ganancias y que se ha sostenido con el comercio de más de mil millones de especies cada año. La mayoría de los PO son extraídos de las poblaciones naturales y terminan su destino en acuarios distribuidos en el mundo, lo que genera agotamiento del recurso asociado a la sobrepesca y las actividades de extracción. Las prácticas de captura, manejo y las tasas elevadas de mortalidad representan un importante problema de bienestar, además de un costo económico y ambiental significativo para la industria. Suramérica sigue siendo el mayor proveedor de especies, principalmente los países biodiversos y de tradición exportadora como Colombia, donde es considerado como un recurso comercial o de subsistencia de gran importancia para las poblaciones de pescadores e indígenas. Se confirmó un listado de 522 especies de PO, agrupadas en 13 órdenes, 49 familias y 213 géneros cuyas especies más apetecidas son: Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Osteoglossum ferreirai, Paracheirodon axelrodi, Pterophyllum altum, Panaque nigrolineatus y Callichthyidae Callichthyidae. Las problemáticas asociadas a los pocos estudios realizados en PO, la limitada legislación que regule y proteja los ecosistemas y su biodiversidad, sumado a las malas prácticas y al incentivo al cultivo, el abandono de las comunidades pesqueras que dependen de este recurso, han limitado el crecimiento del sector. Urge contemplar alternativas sostenibles que disminuyan la presión de pesca sobre las especies, que abarquen aspectos sanitarios, nutricionales y de uso eficiente del recurso agua con el fin de permitir el uso y la conservación de las especies de PO, de esta manera crecería mucho más este comercio y su contribución a la economía del país sería también mayor.
Investigación participativa a través de modelos integrados de producción: un estudio de caso en yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Cadena Torres Jorge , López Montes Antonio José , Martinez Reina Antonio Maria , Martinez Antecia Judith del Carmen , García Peña Joaquín Alfonso , Pérez Cantero Shirley Patricia
Published: April 2021

La participación de los pequeños productores en procesos de investigación asociados a los sistemas productivos agrícolas ha sido difícil de lograr. Por eso, el objeto de la presente investigación fue lograr la vinculación de pequeños productores de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz) a procesos de investigación en la región Caribe de Colombia. Para esto, se implementaron ensayos de campo en los que se empleó un método de investigación participativa a través de modelos integrados de producción. La metodología utilizada incluyó, entre otros, un análisis del uso actual del suelo, la identificación y priorizaron de las limitantes tecnológicas, la selección de ofertas tecnológicas que permitieron la construcción colectiva de modelos integrados de producción, que fueron posteriormente aplicados en campo y evaluados técnica y económicamente. Con base en la anterior metodología se consiguió la participación efectiva y el intercambio de conocimientos entre agricultores, actores locales e investigadores, lo que dio como resultado la selección por preferencia de modelos productivos que integraron tecnologías del conocimiento de los productores con tecnologías provenientes de procesos de investigación para la solución de las principales limitantes tecnológicas que afectan la producción de yuca en la región Caribe. Se concluyó que esta metodología de investigación participativa podría ser una alternativa para mejorar los niveles de adopción, impacto e incorporación de las tecnologías a los sistemas productivos asociados a pequeños productores.