bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To Dispose or to Reuse? Analyzing the Life Cycle Impacts and Costs of Disposal, Sterilization, and Reuse of Electrophysiological Catheters
Authors: Lalman Catherine , Karunathilake Hirushie , Ruparathna Rajeev
Published: March 2023

Given the growing ecological footprint of anthropomorphic activities, considering the environmental impacts of any process is becoming increasingly important. This is especially true for the healthcare industry, whose objective of maintaining human health standards is impeded by its own unsustainable practices. To this end, life cycle analysis is particularly helpful. There have not been many life cycle analyses performed on a healthcare device or on medical procedures. Many medical devices are single use, which leads to a significant waste management problem, particularly as plastic is widely used in their composition. The objective of this study is to present a life-cycle-thinking-based approach to compare the environmental impacts associated with single-use electrophysiological catheters with the sterilization of reusable electrophysiological catheters using hydrogen peroxide, ethylene oxide, and peracetic acid. A life cycle assessment was conducted considering different use, disinfection, and disposal scenarios for electrophysiological catheters, using ReCiPe midpoint and endpoint analysis with the SimaPro software. The findings indicate that using single-use disposable electrophysiological catheters, instead of sterilizing a single catheter using either ETO or hydrogen peroxide and reusing multiple times, is preferable from a purely environmental perspective. However, the costs reduce drastically when equipment is sterilized and reused instead of disposing them after using one time. This in turn illustrates that depending on the process, sanitizing and reusing medical devices may not always be more resource-efficient than single device usage. From a cost perspective, ETO sterilization has the lowest costs, and yet it leads to an aggregate environmental impact of over 20 times compared to the single-use scenario, mainly due to the required detoxification process. The outcomes of this research will assist the health care industry in identifying the most suitable operational procedures considering patient safety, economics, and environmental stewardship, and in developing policies and guidelines for a more sustainable healthcare sector.
Soybean By-Products Bioplastic (Polylactic Acid)-Based Plant Containers: Sustainable Development and Performance Study
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubar , Dey Arup , Yodo Nita , Lee Chiwon W. , Grewell David
Published: March 2023

In most cases, plant containers used in the horticulture industry are not reusable, have many negative impacts on the environment, and take a long time to degrade. To reduce the use of non-biodegradable plant containers, many bio-degradable plant containers have been developed for the horticulture industry. However, the full potential of the sustainability of plant containers is yet to be completely explored. Therefore, two novel biodegradable plant containers are developed in this research to effectively contribute to sustainability’s environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The two biocomposite formulations are developed by mixing soy hull and soy protein isolate (SPI) with polylactic acid (PLA) matrix for plant containers. In the first formulation, the proportion of PLA and soy hulls are 70 wt% and 30 wt%, respectively; in the second formulation, 65 wt% PLA is blended with 30 wt% soy hulls and 5 wt% SPI. The injection molding process is used to manufacture the plant containers from the two formulations. In a field trial, four plant species are grown in the novel plant containers along with polyethylene and commercial PLA/DDGS (dried distiller’s grains with solubles and PLA-based container) containers to investigate biodegradability and plant growth. The results show that the containers from the new formulations outperform existing biodegradable PLA/DDGS containers in terms of certain plant growth and biodegradability.
Analysis of Key Factors Affecting Low-Carbon Travel Behaviors of Urban Residents in Developing Countries: A Case Study in Zhenjiang, China
Authors: Zhao Pengfei , Wei Lingxiang , Pan Dong , Yang Jincheng , Ji Yuchuan
Published: March 2023

The transport sector accounts for 23% of global carbon emissions, the second largest after electricity and heat generation. Low-carbon travel, such as walking, cycling, and use of public transit, has become an effective way to reduce transportation-related emissions, however, what factors and how they affect low-carbon travel behavior remain unclear. This paper analyzes the key factors that affect the low-carbon travel behavior of urban residents by exploring 26 potential correlation indicators. Low-carbon travel survey data of urban residents in Zhenjiang, China are used as an example. Five factors derived from 26 indicators were identified and named as key factors influencing urban low-carbon travel behavior: traveler personal attributes (contribution rate 31.646%), user satisfaction with travel processes (contribution rate 17.438%), attitude towards low-carbon travel and environmental awareness (16.090%), the level of public transportation system development (10.793%), and overall attributes of travelers’ family (10.561%). The results provide a theoretical basis for the development and implementation of novel urban low-carbon travel concepts in the future.
Sustainability through Factory-Based Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Jing Zhao , Turi Jamshid Ali , Lu Song , Rosak-Szyrocka Joanna
Published: March 2023

One of the main sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN) is to teach people how to live in a sustainable way. Because of this, skill-based education is becoming more popular and is an important part of educational and social growth. Learning Factory (LF) provides gateways to skilled-based education. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to investigate the significance of the LF in academic institutions for educational and sustainable development. A multi-method research approach was used, including a literature review and bibliometric analysis, together with an overview of experts’ opinions. Furthermore, a case study of the success of LF has also been included to support the phenomenon of interest and determine the feasibility of LFs. Developing a trained future workforce for inclusive sustainable development is a requirement for modern higher education in order to achieve sustainable development goals. Furthermore, collaboration between academia and industry is required to train a future workforce for inclusive sustainable development and to achieve sustainable development goals. The study provides unique practices and experiences for educational and sustainable development. Furthermore, it insists on universities being more open to deep and local knowledge collaborations.
Usability of Discarded Lignocellulosic Fibers in Paper for Secondary Green Packaging and Labeling
Authors: Bates Irena , Plazonić Ivana , Radić Seleš Valentina , Petric Maretić Katja , Rudolf Maja
Published: March 2023

Packaging and labels are used for a variety of products and have become an indispensable part of daily life, while products without labels or packaging cause uncertainty among consumers. The global trend is to reduce the amount of packaging waste by recycling and reusing the same material or using other available waste raw materials. With large quantities of stalks remaining discarded in the fields after harvest each year, cereal straw is emerging as an alternative source of lignocellulosic fibers for secondary green packaging and labels. In this study, the usability of printed papers with discarded lignocellulosic fibers by offset and gravure printing processes for secondary green packaging and labels was observed based on the qualitative parameters of reproduction and ink penetration into the printing substrate. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that gravure prints have greater penetration of the ink into the printing substrate, resulting in more uneven surface coverage with printing ink, compared to offset prints, where the viscosity of the ink and the printing process itself have the greatest influence. Therefore, these substrates with discarded lignocellulosic fibers can be used for secondary green packaging and labeling printed by the offset printing process, while gravure printing requires an additional coating or a larger amount of filler in the paper structure.
A Second-Order Cone Programming Model of Controlled Islanding Strategy Considering Frequency Stability Constraints
Authors: Li Peijie , Xu Di , Su Hang , Sun Zhiyuan
Published: March 2023

Controlled islanding is an important defense mechanism for avoiding blackouts by dividing the system into several stable islands. Sustainable systems that incorporate a high proportion of renewable energy are prone to frequency instability or even severe blackout events due to extreme weather conditions. Thus, it is critical to investigate controlled islanding considering frequency stability constraints to reduce the risk of a sustainable system collapse in extreme weather conditions. Here, the frequency constraint of islands is derived based on the law of energy conservation, and the island connectivity constraint is proposed based on the idea of network flow. A controlled island second-order cone programming model with frequency stability constraints is proposed for the islanding strategy. The consideration of frequency constraints can help to avoid islands with too low inertia generated by the islanding strategies, ensuring that the frequency nadir of the island remains within a safe range after disturbance. Connectivity constraints can ensure connectivity within the island and no connectivity between different islands. The model also meets the reactive power balance and voltage limits in the system. Simulations of the three test systems show that this island model, which takes frequency stability into account, is effective in reducing the risk of sustainable power system collapse in extreme weather conditions.
Engineering Students Education in Sustainability: The Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Nogueira Teresa , Castro Rui , Magano José
Published: March 2023

In the context of a lack of quantitative research approaching an engineering education in sustainability, this cross-sectional study aims to investigate whether efforts to promote sustainability education contribute to shaping the beliefs, attitudes, and intentions towards sustainability in a sample of Portuguese engineering schools students; in addition, this study investigates whether emotional intelligence impacts the students’ motivation to learn more about sustainability and whether it plays a role in moderating the relationships between those variables. A survey was carried out on a sample of 184 students from two major Portuguese engineering schools. A model was found showing that beliefs, attitudes, and gender are predictors of students’ intentions towards sustainability, explaining 62.6% of its variance. Furthermore, the findings reveal that women have stronger beliefs and intentions towards sustainability than men and that students with higher emotional intelligence are more motivated to learn more about sustainability. In addition, emotional intelligence has a negative and significant moderating impact on the relationship between attitudes and students’ intentions towards sustainability, being stronger for lower levels of emotional intelligence and having a similar, yet non-significant, effect on the relationship between beliefs and students’ intentions towards sustainability. The results suggest that emotional intelligence should be considered a competence and a tool in engineering education in order to enhance students’ inclination towards sustainable development.
Feature Selection and Damage Identification for Urban Railway Track Using Bayesian Globally Sparse Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Li Qi , Huang Yong , Chen Jiahui , Liu Xiaohui , Meng Xianghao , Lin Chao
Published: March 2023

Urban railway track infrastructures often suffer from damage that affects their service performance due to a variety of factors. In this study, an unsupervised feature selection and damage identification method based on globally sparse probabilistic principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed for urban railway tracks using the monitoring data of train-induced dynamic responses. A Bayesian framework is proposed for generating principal components on a basis of vectors (original variables) with a global sparseness pattern instead of separate patterns in a traditional sparse PCA. In this framework, a variational expectation-maximization algorithm is employed to obtain the tractable calculation of the marginal likelihood function for learning all uncertain parameters of the Bayesian model. The obtained principal components are linear combinations of the very same set of important variables, making our method better interpretable than the traditional sparse PCA. We can clearly understand which original variables are most relevant for describing the data. The track damage is identified simply by discriminating the corresponding measured dynamic responses using the binary elements of the latent vector inferred from the Bayesian globally sparse PCA algorithm. The usefulness is demonstrated by successfully identifying the track bed plate crack damage through the actual train-induced dynamic responses collected from the structural health monitoring system of an urban railway track infrastructure, where the method is able to achieve F1 scores of 90% or higher for various scenarios.
Walking Together Indicator (WTI): Understanding and Measuring World Inequality
Authors: Pileggi Salvatore Flavio
Published: March 2023

Socio-economic inequality may be addressed at a different scale. Its impact at a micro and macro level on very many social issues is well-known, as well as its effects on global development being extensively reported in literature, where inequality is often seen as a clear barrier on the path to a sustainable development. That becomes extremely critical in light of major global challenges, such as climate change. The quantification of inequality in the different contexts, its interpretation, as well as its impact on society at a different level are object of major interest and discussion within the scientific community. Inspired by the famous African proverb “if you want to go fast go alone; If you want to go far go together”, we propose an indicator—Walking Together Indicator (WTI), based on a simple model to foster transparency and broad communication. It relies on the statistical standard deviation to facilitate the measurement of inequality looking at single metrics (e.g., GDP) as well as considering broad categories (e.g., Economy) composed of multiple indicators. Despite evident limitations, simplifications (context-less comparison among countries) and approximations (significant lack of data), the study conducted on well-known macro indicators presents a fundamental coherence in the result. Indeed, it shows a reducing inequality in the main trends. On the other side, the performed computations also point out a relevant exception for the main economic indicator, which is characterised, overall, by an increasing inequality among the considered countries. Such a contrasting trend is partially explainable looking at the simplifications in the model, which neither considers dependencies among indicators nor assumes weighting. The indicator provides a very encouraging and optimistic figure. However, the recent pandemic has shown a world running at different speeds. It advises a more conservative interpretation of the indicator as the exception related to economy is relevant.
Stable Linking of the Emission Permit Markets
Authors: Sošić Greys
Published: March 2023

The linking of emission permit markets allows participants in different systems to purchase allowances from each other for the purpose of domestic compliance. A recent paper studied the efficiency gains generated in multilateral linkings between permit markets, and concluded that, despite the linking of all jurisdictions maximizing gains, it is not likely to emerge as it is not the most preferred option by all participants. We formulate the linking problem as a cooperative game and show that the linking of all jurisdictions satisfies core stability criteria. Thus, no subset of jurisdictions would benefit from creating their separate market, and the gains will be maximized. We then extend our analysis to arbitrary partitions and farsightedness level and analyze the stable linking of markets between Australia, Canada, the EU, South Korea, and the U.S. Our results indicate that the most likely stable configuration includes a market that links Australia, the EU, and the U.S., and another in which Canada is linked with South Korea. This scenario leaves about 15% of the potential gains unrealized. To mitigate this issue, we suggest that efficiency gains from market linkage be allocated according to the Shapley value, in which case our results suggest that we would see stable linking of all five jurisdictions and thus increase the efficiency.
Effect of Soil Configuration on Alfalfa Growth under Drought Stress
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yimeng , Liang Jianqiang , Zhang Xingchang
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to compare the effect of different soil configurations on plant growth under long-term drought to provide a theoretical basis for soil reclamation and vegetation restoration in the contiguous area between Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia, China. With the widely distributed montmorillonite-enriched sandstone in this area as the soil structure ameliorator and the sandy soil as the test soil, indoor simulation and soil column tests were conducted to study the water holding capabilities of different reconstructed soils configurations. The drought stress test of alfalfa on these soils explored the correlation between the growth of alfalfa and soil water in various configurations. The soil–water characteristic curve and soil texture were analyzed to determine plant survival. The results showed that the addition of montmorillonite-enriched sandstone with high water holding capacity and water diffusion rates could increase the water content of the sandy soil. The treatments with 20 and 30 cm montmorillonite-enriched sandstone at the depths of 20–40 cm and 20–50 cm demonstrated the longest survival time (60 days and 59 days), the highest germination (34% and 35%), and the highest water holding capacity (22.6% and 27.3%), indicating that soils with higher water holding capacity and lower diffusion rates could be used as a reservoir, in combination with other soil materials with high water content, and that the addition of the montmorillonite-enriched sandstone layer at 20–30 cm in the sandy soil is the optimal choice for topsoil reclamation in open-mining areas.
Adopting the GHOSHEH Model to Create Innovative Open Educational Resources Based on Rogers’ Process for Diffusion of Innovations
Authors: Ghosheh Wahbeh Dua’ , Burgos Daniel , Affouneh Saida
Published: March 2023

The current study aims to adopt a new model for creating innovative OERs. The model, called ‘GHOSHEH’, supports OERs through multiple learner-centered strategies with authentic assessments, and focuses on practice and reflection. The model is internally validated based on international experts’ reviews. Rogers’ process for diffusion of innovations is followed in order to introduce and adopt the GHOSHEH model based on a sample of 117 teachers and experts from different states in the Arab world, including Palestine, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Iraq, and Yemen. Mixed methods research is used: qualitative data are collected from a descriptive case study, and quantitative data are collected from the responses of the participants to a questionnaire about adopting the GHOSHEH model. Results reveal that the model involves four main processes: The first is analysis of content and context. The second is implementing sequenced activities that promote reflection, problem solving, and collaboration. The third is a formative assessment followed by providing continuous feedback. The fourth is peer sharing of the created OERs. Moreover, results show that teachers and experts from different states in the Arab world overwhelmingly adopted the model, and there is evidence of the model’s advantages, simplicity, compatibility, trialability, and observability.
Research Trends and Directions on Real Estate Investment Trusts’ Performance Risks
Authors: Okoro Chioma , Ayaba Marie Mangwi
Published: March 2023

The status of real estate investment trusts (REITs) rose in investment decisions and research since 2008, after the global financial crisis (GFC) and the surge in REITs. However, the sector is still in its infancy in most emerging markets and African countries. The current study examines the literature on the performance of REITs and the related risks using bibliometric and content analyses. The study’s objectives were to determine the research trends on the topic since 2008, the prominent authors, countries, and sources, the knowledge trend and themes associated with the existing research to date, and future or new directions for research. Materials from 2008 to 2022 indexed in the Scopus database were retrieved and visualised using VOSviewer software. The findings revealed that publications were mostly in Australia, Italy, Singapore, and Canada. The co-authorship links were dominant among the Australian authors. The themes that emerged were centred around REITs’ portfolio measurement, risk management in diversified portfolios, capital structure, efficiency measurement, corporate governance, portfolio risk assessment, portfolio construction, and asset allocation strategies. The findings are envisaged to be beneficial in informing further research directions on the subject. The performance threats are also highlighted for industry stakeholders’ decision-making and strategic planning around REITs’ sustainability.
A Comprehensive Review of Steel Wire Rope Degradation Mechanisms and Recent Damage Detection Methods
Authors: Mazurek Paweł
Published: March 2023

Steel wire ropes are the vital load-bearing element in many rope transport devices, such as mine hoists, personal lifts, bridges and cableways. Non-destructive fault detection is a crucial issue for safety and reliability. This paper presents a comprehensive review covering three areas: damage mechanisms for steel wire ropes, physical phenomena used for diagnostics of steel wire ropes and practical applications of magnetometers. The advantages and disadvantages of each group of sensors, such as the induction coil, Hall element, magnetoresistance and optically pumped magnetometers, are presented. The author indicates the direction of the development of signal analysis techniques. In summary, the challenges and future directions for the development of wire rope flaw detection in practical applications are presented, especially considering the future of passive magnetic methods.
Trends in Educational Research for Sustainable Development in Postgraduate Education Programs at a University in Peru
Authors: Deroncele-Acosta Angel , Jiménez-Chumacero Rosa Victoria , Gamarra-Mendoza Sofía , Brito-Garcías José Gregorio , Flores-Valdivieso Hernán Gerardo , Velázquez-Tejeda Miriam Encarnación , Goñi-Cruz Félix Fernando
Published: March 2023

The Sustainable Development Goals are part of the formative management in multiple universities that are committed to a better and more sustainable future for all; contributing to this from the postgraduate management in education involves rethinking educational research from lines that ensure that the research work has a real impact on the 2030 agenda. In this regard, the objective of this study was to identify and characterize specific lines of educational research for sustainable development in a private university in Lima, specifically in Postgraduate Education (Doctorate, Master’s and Second Specialty). The methodology deployed a qualitative approach, synchronizing the methods of systematization of experiences and grounded theory. A total of 186 students and 16 teachers participated, and the collection of information used three techniques: (1)—documentary review (5398 titles and other normative documents), (2)—asynchronous focus group (16 experienced teachers), and (3)—interview (202 participants). The results show four specific lines of research: (1)—Quality educational management, (2)—Teaching–learning–assessment, (3)—Educational innovation and ICT, and (4)—Training, research, and psychosocial factors in education. It concludes with a characterization of these lines based on an epistemic foundation that integrates current trends in educational research for sustainable development.
Energy and Exergy-Based Efficiency, Sustainability and Economic Assessment towards Improved Energy Management of a Thermal Power Plant: A Case Study
Authors: Maruf Md Hasan , July Sameya Afrin , Rabbani Mamun , Sahrani Shafrida , Hossain Lipu Molla Shahadat , Sarker Mahidur R. , Ashique Ratil H. , Kabir Md. Shahrial , Shihavuddin A. S. M.
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the energy management of a natural gas-based thermal power plant, with a focus on improving its efficiency, sustainability, and economic feasibility. The study uses the Ashuganj Power Station Company Limited (APSCL) in Bangladesh as a case study. To evaluate the efficiency of the APSCL, both energy and exergy perspectives are considered, and sustainability is assessed through exergetic parameters. The plant’s economic feasibility is analyzed based on its fuel costs and operational losses. The results of the study indicate that the energy and exergy efficiencies of the APSCL vary from 32.97% to 33.21% and from 32.63% to 32.87%, respectively, for steam turbines and from 39.77% to 56.98% and from 39.36% to 56.40%, respectively, for combined cycle power plants (CCPP) during 2016–2021. The slightly lower efficiency in exergy calculations accounts for the system loss incurred over time, which is often omitted in efficiency calculations using energy parameters. To measure the sustainability of the APSCL, eight key indicators are used: the depletion number, exergy sustainable index, cumulative exergy loss, relative irreversibility, lack of production, the wasted exergy ratio, environmental effect factor, and improvement potential. The results indicate that APSCL still has opportunities for improvement in terms of sustainability, with 50% of the fuel being depleted in the plant, contributing to a sustainable index of 2.00 and cumulative exergy loss varying between 48.59 and 21.17. Regarding financial costs and losses, APSCL has experienced an increasing trend in the price of electricity generated. However, by implementing intelligent maintenance practices and upgrading equipment in a timely manner, it is possible to minimize costs and increase exergy output, reducing the per-unit fuel requirement for electricity production and the global carbon footprint significantly.
Machine Learning Based Healthcare Service Dissemination Using Social Internet of Things and Cloud Architecture in Smart Cities
Authors: Kaliappan Vishnu Kumar , Gnanamurthy Sundharamurthy , Yahya Abid , Samikannu Ravi , Babar Muhammad , Qureshi Basit , Koubaa Anis
Published: March 2023

Smart healthcare using the cloud and the Internet of Things (IoT) allows for remote patient monitoring, real-time data collection, improved data security, and cost-effective storage and analysis of healthcare data. This paper proposes an information-centric dissemination scheme (ICDS) for smart healthcare services in smart cities. The proposed scheme addresses the time sensitiveness of healthcare data and aims to ensure consistent dissemination. The ICDS uses decision-tree learning to classify requests based on time-sensitive features, allowing prioritization of access. The scheme also involves segregating sensitive information and distributing digital health data within the classified time to retain time sensitiveness and prioritize access. The learning is then modified for the leaves based on data significance and minimum resources to reduce waiting times and improve availability.
The Influence of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Corporate Sustainability Performance
Authors: Hejazi Mohammed Taj , Al Batati Bader , Bahurmuz Ahmed
Published: March 2023

Sustainability is a major concern for several industries in Saudi Arabia, especially those in the industrial sector. By using green methods, many businesses intend to become sustainable. Green practices provide staff with instructions regarding how to maintain business sustainability while performing necessary production tasks. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate how green practices affect the sustainability performance of businesses. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to examine data from 250 sets of completed onnaires. Our findings showed that green practices significantly impact corporate sustainability performance.
Mechanical Analysis of Palm-Fiber-Reinforced Sand through Triaxial Tests
Authors: Tang Yuxiao , Wei Shaowei , Liu Xueyan , Liu Wen , Liu Teng
Published: March 2023

Triaxial tests were employed to investigate palm-fiber-reinforced sand under consolidated drained conditions in this study. Sixteen series of triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the properties of palm-fiber-reinforced sand. One series of pure sand was also employed for comparison. The deviator stress, stress path, shear strength, volume change, void ratio, and enhanced coefficient of fiber-reinforced sand were studied with different fiber lengths varying from 8 mm to 20 mm and fiber contents varying in mass from 0.3% to 0.9%. The test results indicate that palm fibers were beneficial for enhancing the shear strength of the sand. Compared to the peak shear strength increase of about 10% to 20%, the critical shear strength increased much more, by a little over 100%. Therefore, the fibers played a key role in enhancing the critical shear strength of the sand but not the peak shear strength of the sand. The addition of fiber to sand resulted in prolongation of the axial strain required to reach the critical void ratio and improved the sand’s ability to resist larger deformations, enhancing its toughness. Furthermore, the critical shear strength of the sand was positively correlated with both fiber content and fiber length, and the axial strain required to reach the critical shear strength increased with increasing fiber content and length. This study provides valuable experimental data and serves as a reference for temporary reinforcement in geotechnical engineering.
Voronoi Diagrams Generated by the Archimedes Spiral: Fibonacci Numbers, Chirality and Aesthetic Appeal
Authors: Frenkel Mark , Legchenkova Irina , Shvalb Nir , Shoval Shraga , Bormashenko Edward
Published: March 2023

Voronoi mosaics inspired by seed points placed on the Archimedes Spirals are reported. Voronoi (Shannon) entropy was calculated for these patterns. Equidistant and non-equidistant patterns are treated. Voronoi tessellations generated by the seeds located on the Archimedes spiral and separated by linearly growing radial distance demonstrate a switch in their chirality. Voronoi mosaics built from cells of equal size, which are of primary importance for the decorative arts, are reported. The pronounced prevalence of hexagons is inherent for the patterns with an equidistant and non-equidistant distribution of points when the distance between the seed points is of the same order of magnitude as the distance between the turns of the spiral. Penta- and heptagonal “defected” cells appeared in the Voronoi diagrams due to the finite nature of the pattern. The ordered Voronoi tessellations demonstrating the Voronoi entropy larger than 1.71, reported for the random 2D distribution of points, were revealed. The dependence of the Voronoi entropy on the total number of seed points located on the Archimedes Spirals is reported. Voronoi tessellations generated by the phyllotaxis-inspired patterns are addressed. The aesthetic attraction of the Voronoi mosaics arising from seed points placed on the Archimedes Spirals is discussed.
Testing for Unit Roots in Nonlinear Dynamic Heterogeneous Panels with Logistic Smooth Breaks
Authors: Omay Tolga , Ucar Nuri
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigate the validity of the purchasing power parity (PPP) proposition for 34 European and selected global countries. For this purpose, we propose a new unit root test for cross-sectionally dependent heterogeneous panels that allows for gradual structural breaks and symmetric nonlinear adjustment toward the equilibrium level. The alternative hypothesis stationary is obtained by symmetric adjustment due to exponential smooth transition autoregression (ESTAR) around a nonlinear trend. Moreover, we provide small sample properties extensively for the newly proposed test. Hence, this alternative hypothesis has been proven to characterize real exchange rate data (REER) correctly. Thus, the newly proposed tests provide an essential basis for modeling the REER series correctly. Finally, we also derive the approximate asymptotic distribution of the proposed tests using new techniques.
Five Generalized Rough Approximation Spaces Produced by Maximal Rough Neighborhoods
Authors: Azzam A. A. , Al-shami Tareq M.
Published: March 2023

In rough set theory, the multiplicity of methods of calculating neighborhood systems is very useful to calculate the measures of accuracy and roughness. In line with this research direction, in this article we present novel kinds of rough neighborhood systems inspired by the system of maximal neighborhood systems. We benefit from the symmetry between rough approximations (lower and upper) and topological operators (interior and closure) to structure the current generalized rough approximation spaces. First, we display two novel types of rough set models produced by maximal neighborhoods, namely, type 2 mξ-neighborhood and type 3 mξ-neighborhood rough models. We investigate their master properties and show the relationships between them as well as their relationship with some foregoing ones. Then, we apply the idea of adhesion neighborhoods to introduce three additional rough set models, namely, type 4 mξ-adhesion, type 5 mξ-adhesion and type 6 mξ-adhesion neighborhood rough models. We establish the fundamental characteristics of approximation operators inspired by these models and discuss how the properties of various relationships relate to one another. We prove that adhesion neighborhood rough models increase the value of the accuracy measure of subsets, which can improve decision making. Finally, we provide a comparison between Yao’s technique and current types of adhesion neighborhood rough models.
Electrochemistry of Rhodanine Derivatives as Model for New Colorimetric and Electrochemical Azulene Sensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Matica Ovidiu-Teodor , Musina (Borsaru) Cornelia , Brotea Alina Giorgiana , Ungureanu Eleonora-Mihaela , Cristea Mihaela , Isopescu Raluca , Buica George-Octavian , Razus Alexandru C.
Published: March 2023

Rhodanine (R) is a heterocycle having complexing properties for heavy metal (HM) ions. Considering the similar electron-donating character of diethylaminobenzene and azulene, electrochemical characterization of (Z)-5-(azulen-1-ylmethylene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one (R1) and 5-(4 diethylamino-benzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one (R2) was performed to establish their common features. Chemically modified electrodes based on R1 and R2 were compared for HM recognition. Evidence for the formation of films was provided by scanning and controlled potential electrolysis, and HM recognition experiments were performed using their films. Parallel studies for analysis of HMs by complexation in solution were performed by UV-Vis. The analogy between R1 and R2 created the premise for easier selection of compounds for certain applications. The performance of the chemically modified electrodes was evaluated as detection limits for HMs. The azulene monomer (R1) proved to be the best candidate for Pb(II) detection, being about eight times more sensitive than R2. However, in solution, R2 proved to be a good choice for optical measurements, having a higher absorption coefficient. These results support the two ligands having different behaviors in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Expansion-Free Dissipative Fluid Spheres: Analytical Solutions
Authors: Herrera Luis , Di Prisco Alicia , Ospino Justo
Published: March 2023

We search for exact analytical solutions of spherically symmetric dissipative fluid distributions satisfying the vanishing expansion condition (vanishing expansion scalar Θ). To accomplish this, we shall impose additional restrictions allowing integration of the field equations. The solutions are analyzed, and possible applications to astrophysical scenarios as well as alternative approaches to obtaining new solutions are discussed.
Sharp Coefficient Bounds for a New Subclass of q-Starlike Functions Associated with q-Analogue of the Hyperbolic Tangent Function
Authors: Swarup Chetan
Published: March 2023

In this study, by making the use of q-analogous of the hyperbolic tangent function and a Sălăgean q-differential operator, a new class of q-starlike functions is introduced. The prime contribution of this study covers the derivation of sharp coefficient bounds in open unit disk U, especially the first three coefficient bounds, Fekete–Szego type functional, and upper bounds of second- and third-order Hankel determinant for the functions to this class. We also use Zalcman and generalized Zalcman conjectures to investigate the coefficient bounds of a newly defined class of functions. Furthermore, some known corollaries are highlighted based on the unique choices of the involved parameters l and q.
Methodology for Certification-Compliant Effect-Chain Modeling
Authors: Gräßler Iris , Wiechel Dominik , Koch Anna-Sophie , Sturm Tim , Markfelder Thomas
Published: March 2023

The success of engineering complex technical systems is determined by meeting customer requirements and institutional regulations. One example relevant to the automobile industry is the United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UN ECE), which specifies the homologation of automobile series and requires proof of traceability. The required traceability can be achieved by modeling system artifacts and their relations in a consistent, seamless model—an effect-chain model. Currently, no in-depth methodology exists to support engineers in developing certification-compliant effect-chain models. For this purpose, a new methodology for certification-compliant effect-chain modeling was developed, which includes extensions of an existing method, suitable models, and tools to support engineers in the modeling process. For evaluation purposes, applicability is proven based on the experience of more than 300 workshops at an automotive OEM and an automotive supplier. The following case example is chosen to demonstrate applicability: the development of a window lifter that has to meet the demands of UN ECE Regulations R156 and R21. Results indicate multiple benefits in supporting engineers with the certification-compliant modeling of effect chains. Three benefits are goal-oriented modeling to reduce the necessary modeling capacity, increasing model quality by applying information quality criteria, and the potential to reduce costs through automatable effect-chain analyses for technical changes. Further, companies in the automotive and other industries will benefit from increased modeling capabilities that can be used for architecture modeling and to comply with other regulations such as ASPICE or ISO 26262.
Pricing Decisions and Game Analysis on Advanced Delivery and Cross-Channel Return in a Dual-Channel Supply Chain System
Authors: Zhang Rong , Lu Yuhao , Liu Bin
Published: March 2023

Advanced delivery and cross-channel return are new phenomena in Omni-channel marketing. This paper studies a dual-channel supply chain system composed of one online retailer, one physical store, and their ordinary manufacturer. It intends to explore the pricing decisions of retailers under four scenarios concerning the question whether deliver goods in advance and use cross-channel return. We analyze the impact of the operation costs of physical stores and the transportation costs of the online retailer on the above strategies, and with numerical examples, analyze the impact of consumers’ perceived value on the profits of each scenario. The results show that the default rate of consumers’ unpaid balance and the cross-channel return rate directly influences the online retailer’s strategy choice. The pricing of the physical store is related to the proportion of unpaid balance and return rate of the online retailer. Customers’ perceived value brought by advanced delivery leads to profit changes in supply chain members and is influenced by the online retailer’s cross-channel return strategy.
The Adjustment of Pressure Perception in E-Government Response: A Perspective of the Political System Theory
Authors: Li Zipeng , Wu Wenquan , Meng Qingguo
Published: March 2023

Pressures sensed by the political system may lead to output failure, which can damage the effectiveness of government response but have rarely been analyzed in the literature of Chinese Internet studies. This research asks the following question: Why does the political system produce output failure in the online response process, in which the topic of government response does not align with the topic of the corresponding public message? Which factors can influence the possibility that the political system will produce an unmatched response? Engaging with the political system theory, we used topic modeling and sentiment analysis to analyze the online response data. The paper argues that the application of technology in government response adjusts the sensitivity of the political system to pressures. Factors including topic, emotion, and time can generate pressure on the political system. However, the political system is unable to detect a significant volume of stress, with digital technology expanding channel capacity.
Marine Pollutant Tributyltin Affects DNA Methylation and Fitness of Banded Murex (Hexaplex trunculus) Populations
Authors: Šrut Maja , Sabolić Iva , Erdelez Anita , Grbin Dorotea , Furdek Turk Martina , Bakarić Robert , Peharda Melita , Štambuk Anamaria
Published: March 2023

Banded murex, Hexaplex trunculus, is a marine gastropod whose reproductive fitness can be severely affected by very low concentrations of antifouling compound tributyltin (TBT). TBT has strong xenoandrogen impacts on snails, causing the development of imposex (e.g., the superimposition of male sexual characteristic in females), thereby affecting the fitness of entire populations. TBT is also known as a DNA-demethylating agent and an obesogenic factor. The aim of this study was to unravel the interactions between TBT bioaccumulation, phenotypic responses, and epigenetic and genetic endpoints in native populations of H. trunculus. Seven populations inhabiting environments along the pollution gradient were sampled in the coastal eastern Adriatic. These included sites of intense marine traffic and boat maintenance activity and sites with low anthropogenic impact. Populations inhabiting intermediately and highly polluted sites exhibited higher TBT burdens, higher incidences of imposex, and higher wet masses of snails than populations in lowly polluted sites. Other morphometric traits and cellular biomarker responses did not show clear differentiation among populations in relation to marine traffic/pollution intensity. An analysis of methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) revealed environmentally driven population differentiation and higher epigenetics than genetic within-population diversity. Moreover, decreases in genome-wide DNA methylation coincided with the imposex level and snail mass, suggesting an epigenetic background of the animal phenotypic response.
Biochemical, Genotoxic and Histological Implications of Polypropylene Microplastics on Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus: An Aquatic Eco-Toxicological Assessment
Authors: Jeyavani Jeyaraj , Sibiya Ashokkumar , Stalin Thambusamy , Vigneshkumar Ganesan , Al-Ghanim Khalid A. , Riaz Mian Nadeem , Govindarajan Marimuthu , Vaseeharan Baskaralingam
Published: March 2023

In recent years, polypropylene microplastic has persisted in freshwater ecosystems and biota, forming ever-growing threats. This research aimed to prepare polypropylene microplastics and evaluate their toxicity to the filter feeder Oreochromis mossambicus. In this research, fish were given a dietary supplement of polypropylene microplastics at 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for acute (96 h) and sub-acute (14 days) durations to assess toxic effects on liver tissues. FTIR results revealed the presence of polypropylene microplastic in their digestion matter. The ingestion of microplastics in O. mossambicus led to fluctuations in homeostasis, an upsurge in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, an alteration in antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S–transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx); a promotion in the oxidation of lipid molecules; and a denaturation in the neurotransmitter enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Our data indicated that sustained exposure to microplastics (14 days) produced a more severe threat than acute exposure (96 h). In addition, higher apoptosis, DNA damage (genotoxicity), and histological changes were found in the liver tissues of the sub-acute (14 days) microplastics-treated groups. This research indicated that the constant ingestion of polypropylene microplastics is detrimental to freshwater environments and leads to ecological threats.
Vector Competence for Zika Virus Changes Depending on the Aedes aegypti’s Region of Origin in Manaus: A Study of an Endemic Brazilian Amazonian City
Authors: da Costa Paz Andréia , Chaves Bárbara Aparecida , Godoy Raquel Soares Maia , Coelho Deilane Ferreira , Vieira Júnior Ademir Bentes , Alencar Rodrigo Maciel , Alcântara João Arthur , Félix Luiza dos Santos , Oliveira Cinthia Catharina Azevedo , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Lacerda Marcus Vinicius Guimarães , Secundino Nágila Francinete Costa , Pimenta Paulo Filemon Paolucci
Published: March 2023

Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans by the infectious bite of mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti. In a city, the population control of mosquitoes is carried out according to alerts generated by different districts via the analysis of the mosquito index. However, we do not know whether, besides mosquito abundance, the susceptibility of mosquitoes could also diverge among districts and thus impact the dissemination and transmission of arboviruses. After a viremic blood meal, the virus must infect the midgut, disseminate to tissues, and reach the salivary gland to be transmitted to a vertebrate host. This study evaluated the patterns of ZIKV infection in the Ae. aegypti field populations of a city. The disseminated infection rate, viral transmission rate, and transmission efficiency were measured using quantitative PCR at 14 days post-infection. The results showed that all Ae. aegypti populations had individuals susceptible to ZIKV infection and able to transmit the virus. The infection parameters showed that the geographical area of origin of the Ae. aegypti influences its vector competence for ZIKV transmission.