bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight gain in Namibians with HIV switching from efavirenz to dolutegravir
Authors: Hachey David , van Woerden Irene , Shiluama Roselli , Singu Bonifasius Siyuka
Published: June 2023

Background

Research suggests that integrase strand transferase inhibitor use can lead to weight gain, and data from sub-Saharan countries are limited. This study investigated changes in weight in Namibians switched from tenofovir DF/emtricitabine/efavirenz (TEE) to tenofovir DF/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD).

Methods

Longitudinal, retrospective, and quantitative study from outpatient records of Namibians living with HIV/AIDS switched from efavirenz-to dolutegravir-based regimen at four clinics. A linear mixed effects model predicting weight 6 months prior to the switch, time of the switch, and at 6, 12-, and 18-months post-switch was run. A second analysis comparing change in weights between males and females was also run.

Results

242 patients switched from TEE to TLD. Compared to patient weight at the time of the switch, weights were significantly higher at 6 (+0.9 kg, p = 0.004), 12 (+1.7 kg, p < 0.001), and 18 months (+1.4 kg, p < 0.001) post-switch. There was no significant weight change for males, but females had a significant weight gain at 12 (+1.58 kg, p = 0.012) and 18 months (+1.49 kg, p = 0.024) post switch.

Conclusions

Females living with HIV in Namibia gain weight when switched from TEE to TLD. Clinical implications on the development of cardiometabolic complications is unclear and mechanisms by which the weight gain occurs are unknown.
Single or combined tax? A comparative study of the effects of resource and carbon taxes under China's peak emission target
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Weijiang , Liu Min , Li Yangyang
Published: June 2023

Resource and carbon tax should be taken seriously as typical price control policies to address the dilemma between economic development and carbon emissions in developing countries. Therefore, based on China, we construct a dynamic CGE model to evaluate the carbon emission reduction and economic effects of a single tax policy (resource tax or carbon tax) versus their combination. The simulation results demonstrate that the carbon tax policy is superior to the resource tax-increasing policy under a single tax policy. Specifically, it is hard to meet the autonomous national contribution target of peaking carbon by 2030 only by raising the resource tax, and the economic loss is relatively heavy. The setting of the initial carbon tax will affect the carbon peak time and total carbon emissions. When the initial carbon tax is 25 yuan/tonne, carbon emissions will peak in 2029. A combined tax policy is preferable to a single carbon tax policy. The combination of gradually increasing the carbon tax rate and lowering the resource tax rate can effectively reduce economic losses, achieve a carbon peak and promote the joint development of the environment and economy.
Nexus Among Internal Audit Quality, Corporate Governance and Performance of Selected Banks in Africa
Authors: Brekumi Henry Antwi , Sarpong-Danquah Beatrice , Owusu-Afriyie Richard , Gyimah Prince
Published: June 2023

Using a quantitative data set of 213 banks selected from 11 African nations between 2015 and 2020 and ordered probit regression techniques, this study examines the relationship between internal audit quality, corporate governance, and the performance of banks in Africa. The study finds that corporate governance mechanisms (such as board size, board expertise, and corporate governance disclosures), and internal audit quality measures (such as audit experience and internal audit presence) are the critical drivers of bank’s performance in Africa. Findings imply that banks with board members experts in accounting and auditing with the support of experienced professional internal auditors and disclosed corporate governance mechanisms reduce the chances of bankruptcy. The study is one of the few studies that provide insights into internal audit quality and corporate governance mechanisms on the performance of banks in Africa, implying that the findings do not only add to the literature but also to policy and practice. Other implications for theory, regulators, shareholders, policymakers, management, global advocacy agencies, investors and other stakeholders are presented.
Public Leadership during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Leadership Theories Explain It?
Authors: Suar Damodar , Jha Amrit Kumar , Gochhayat Jyotiranjan , Samanta Sasmita Rani
Published: June 2023

This study analyses the emergent activities of public leaders (PLs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Are the activities of PLs associated with their performance, and do leadership theories explain the activities of such leaders? The findings of 18 articles published in 2020 were summarized and 10 themes were constructed from the words and phrases found in the findings. High-performing PLs and collaborators analyse the context, make decisions and implement interventions urgently. They mobilize people to adhere to preventive health practices, communicate empathetically, show masculine and feminine behaviours, interpersonal sensitivity and they are resilient and tech-savvy. They address emerging discrimination, attempt to reduce economic hardships, collaborate with multiple sectors and display valued behaviours. Multiple theories model their behaviours, which can be subsumed under adaptive leadership. Adaptive and flexible leaders show context sensitivity, focus on the present, learn constantly, foster cross-sector collaborations, deliver on a shared purpose and implement activities congruent with situational requirements to halt the spread of and death from coronavirus. Adaptive responses spread to other leaders, COVID warriors and public.
β-asarone Protects p-tau from Okadaic Acid in PC12 Cells by Activating PP2A and Involving Akt/mTOR/Beclin-1 Pathway
Authors: Huang Liping , Zhong Xiaoqin , Xu Yuanhang , Deng Minzhen , Zhou Zhongliu
Published: June 2023

Background

The aggregation of tau hyperphosphorylation (p-tau) into neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) is a hallmark in the histopathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our previous experiments found that β-asarone could prevent injury of PC12 cells induced by A 1–42, but could it fight cell damage of p-tau induced by okadaic acid (OA) is poorly understood.

Objectives

The emphasis of this study lies in β-asarone’s therapeutical effect on p-tau inhibition stimulated by OA.

Materials and Methods

175 nmol OA was used to establish AD cells. Cell viability rate and cell toxicity were evaluated by the CCK-8 kit and LDH kit, respectively. The p-tau, Aβ42, β-secretase, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) were examined by ELISA. Proteins closely related to the pathogenesis of AD are involved p-tau, Beclin-1, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were analyzed by western-blotting and immunofluorescence detection.

Results

The results revealed that β-asarone enhanced cell viability induced by OA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared to the OA model, p-tau, Aβ42, β-secretase, and Beclin-1 were reduced, while PP2A, p-Akt, and p-mTOR increased after treatment with β-asarone.

Conclusion

All data suggested that β-asarone decreased p-tau, Aβ42, and β-secretase levels, and activated PP2A levels by inhibiting Beclin-1-dependent autophagy in OA model cells, involving Akt/mTOR/Beclin-1 pathway.
Something Has to Give: An Urban Community-Engaged Focus Group Study of Teen Sleep
Authors: Daley Alison Moriarty , O’Connell Meghan , Sadler Lois S. , Redeker Nancy S.
Published: June 2023

Sleep is critical to teen physical and mental health, daily function, and school performance. Yet, sleep deficiency is prevalent among ethnoracially diverse teens. The purpose of this community-engaged focus group study was to explore multilevel influences on teen sleep from teen and community stakeholder perspectives and to use this information to develop a tailored sleep health intervention. We conducted seven focus groups ( N  =  46) and analyzed data via content analysis. Five themes, each with subthemes, described sleep knowledge/attitudes, sleep habits, the multilevel causes and consequences of decreased nighttime sleep and suggestions for improving teen sleep. Teen health, mood, and school engagement were all impacted by inadequate nighttime sleep. Exhaustion emerged as an overarching theme and coincided with the transition to high school. The data from this study provide insight into important areas of focus for a sleep intervention tailored to the needs of ethnoracially diverse teens living in an urban community.
A modified polynomial-based approach to obtaining the eigenvalues of a uniform Euler–Bernoulli beam carrying any number of attachments
Authors: Aguilar-Porro Cristina , Ruz Mario L. , Blanco-Rodríguez Francisco J.
Published: June 2023

Free vibration characteristics in uniform beams with several lumped attachments are an important problem in engineering applications that have to deal with mounting different equipment (e.g. motors, oscillators or engines) on a structural beam. In order to solve the lack of a generalized automatic procedure, this investigation presents a simple solving approach based on analytical means applied to a secular frequency equation for obtaining the natural frequencies of an arbitrarily supported single-span, or multi-span Euler–Bernoulli beam carrying any combination of miscellaneous attachments. The approach is obtained by solving a characteristic polynomial equation using a classical method for computing the roots of a polynomial. Interestingly, if the number of elements is greater than one, a pole-zero cancellation is needed, but it does not require manual interventions such as initial values and iteration. The mathematical approach is validated with bibliographic references and evaluated for accuracy and computational effectiveness. A good agreement is observed with relative error values practically negligible mostly ranging between 10−3 and 10−9 in the first five natural frequencies, which confirms the validity of the presented approach in this paper. The MatLab code that has been developed with the solving approach is freely available as a supplementary material to this paper. Additionally, a MatLab graphical user interface has also been developed in this work which allows to obtain the eigenvalues of a simply supported Euler–Bernoulli beam carrying an undetermined number of lumped elements. The graphical user interface is also available for download, along with help facilities to be run in a Windows operating system and detailed instructions to reproduce the case studies presented here. The proposed scheme (and also the MatLab graphical user interface) is very easy to code, and can be slightly modified to accommodate beams with arbitrary supports.
Variation in ADHD Treatment by Mental Health Care Setting Among US College Students from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Aluri James , Goodman David , Antshel Kevin , Mojtabai Ramin
Published: June 2023

Objective:

To assess whether prevalence of treatment for ADHD varies by location of mental healthcare among US college students aged 18 to 25 with professionally diagnosed ADHD.

Method:

Our analysis uses cross-sectional data from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA) and evaluated the relationship between types of care received and location of mental health services received in the past year (dichotomized into “use of any on-campus services” and “use of off-campus services only”). We generated unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models of each type of treatment.

Results:

Students who reported receiving mental healthcare on campus were less likely to receive any medication (aOR 0.66, 95% CI [0.60, 0.72]), any therapy (aOR 0.82, 95% CI [0.75, 0.89]), and any medication or therapy for ADHD (aOR 0.63, 95% CI [0.57, 0.70]).

Conclusion:

Future research should evaluate the causes of lower prevalence of ADHD treatment among students receiving mental healthcare from campus-based clinics.
The Role of DNA Viruses in Human Cancer
Authors: Fazlalipour Mehdi , Ghoreshi Zohreh-al-sadat , Molaei Hamid Reza , Arefinia Nasir
Published: June 2023

This review discusses the possible involvement of infections-associated cancers in humans, with virus infections contributing 15% to 20% of total cancer cases in humans. DNA virus encoded proteins interact with host cellular signaling pathways and control proliferation, cell death and genomic integrity viral oncoproteins are known to bind cellular Deubiquitinates (DUBs) such as cyclindromatosis tumor suppressor, ubiquitin-specific proteases 7, 11, 15 and 20, and A-20 to improve their intracellular stability and cellular signaling pathways and finally transformation. Human papillomaviruses (cervical carcinoma, oral cancer and laryngeal cancer); human polyomaviruses (mesotheliomas, brain tumors); Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma); Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus (Kaposi’s Sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas); hepatitis B (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) cause up to 20% of malignancies around the world.
Pornography Use and Violence: A Systematic Review of the Last 20 Years
Authors: Mestre-Bach Gemma , Villena-Moya Alejandro , Chiclana-Actis Carlos
Published: June 2023

Pornography use is one of the factors that has been proposed to be associated with violence. We aimed to explore the literature of the last 20 years, with the objective of understanding the possible association between pornography use and violence. Two electronic databases (PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline) were used. We included members of the general population, of any sex, age, and sexual orientation, who were direct users of pornography or have a partner who uses pornography. Only studies with pornography use and violence assessments, and that specifically evaluated the association between both factors, were included. In all, 59 studies met the inclusion criteria. An association between pornography use and nonsexual violence seems to exist, although the causality of this association remains unclear. Heterogeneity of results exists regarding the association between pornography use and intimate partner sexual assault and coercion: some studies have failed to demonstrate this association, while others have observed it partially or significantly. Contradictory results have also been observed when examining the association between pornography use, rape myths, and other beliefs/attitudes. The main limitation is the heterogeneity in the conceptualization of both constructs (pornography and violence). Multiple theoretical models, methodologies, and categorizations have been used in the studies, complicating the comparability of the findings. The association between different types of violence and pornography use requires further in-depth research to better understand the specific link between both constructs.

CRD42021259874.
Predictors of Revascularization in Lower-Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Insights From the PORTRAIT Study
Authors: Pokharel Yashashwi , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Wang Jingyan , Gosch Kensey L. , Safley David M. , Spertus John A. , Mena-Hurtado Carlos , Smolderen Kim G.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) guidelines recommend revascularization only for patients with lifestyle-limiting claudication that is refractory to goal-directed medical therapy (class IIA, level of evidence A). However, real-world invasive treatment patterns and predictors of revascularization in patients with symptomatic lower-extremity PAD are still largely unknown.

Aim:

We aimed to examine rates, patient-level predictors, and site variability of early revascularization in patients with new or worsening PAD symptoms.

Methods:

Among patients with new-onset or recent exacerbation of PAD in the 10-center Patient-centered Outcomes Related to TReatment practices in peripheral Arterial disease: Investigating Trajectories (PORTRAIT) study enrolled between June 2011 and September 2015, we classified early revascularization (endovascular or surgical) as procedures being performed within 3 months of presentation. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify patient characteristics associated with early revascularization. Variability across sites was estimated using the median odds ratio (OR).

Results:

Among 797 participants, early revascularization procedures were performed in 224 (28.1%). Rutherford class 3 (vs Rutherford class 1; OR=1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–3.33) and having lesions in both iliofemoral and below-the-knee arterial segments (vs below the knee only; OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.15–2.67) were associated with a higher odds of revascularization. Longer PAD duration >12 months (vs 1–6 months; OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.32–0.77), higher ankle-brachial index scores (per 0.1 unit increase; OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.78–0.96), and higher Peripheral Artery Questionnaire Summary scores (per 10 unit increase; OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99) were associated with a lower odds of revascularization. The raw rates for revascularization in different sites ranged from 6.25% to 66.28%, and the median OR was 1.88, 95% CI: 1.38–3.57.

Conclusions:

About 1 in 3 patients with symptomatic PAD received early revascularization. A more extensive disease and symptom burden were the main predictors of receiving early revascularization in PAD. There was significant site variability in revascularization patterns, and further studies will better understand the source of this variability and optimal selection criteria for early revascularization.

Clinical Impact

Real world patterns and predictors of early revascularization in peripheral artery disease are not well understood. In this retrospective analysis of the POTRAIT study, about 1 out of 3 patients with PAD symptoms received early revascularization, with significant site variability. A more extensive disease and symptom burden were the main predictors of receiving early revascularization in PAD.
Transplant Recipient Preferences Regarding Organ Donor Research: Their Role in Consent and use of Their Data
Authors: Lucas Amanda , Strachan Patricia H. , D’Aragon Frederick , Sarti Aimee J. , Meade Maureen O.
Published: June 2023

Research on deceased organ donors has been hindered by concerns related to seeking research consent from transplant recipients. We undertook this qualitative study to elucidate solid organ transplant recipients views on organ donor research, their role in the consent for such research, and their preferences related to providing their data. We conducted interviews with 18 participants and three themes emerged from the data. The first centered around participant research literacy. The second described practical preferences of participating in research, and the third related to the connection between donor and recipient. We concluded that previously held views about the requirement for transplant recipients to have a consenting role in donor research is not always suitable.
Reframing Diabetes Prevention: From Body Shaming to Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Adams Melanie S. , Enichen Elizabeth , Demmig-Adams Barbara
Published: June 2023

This review integrates new developments in psychology with updated physiological insight on the complex relationships among chronic psychological stress (arising from weight stigmatization and body shaming), food composition, physical activity and metabolic health for the example of diabetes. We address how visual measures of health, such as body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio, do not adequately capture metabolic health and can instead contribute to weight stigmatization, chronic stress, and system-wide impairment of metabolic health. We also emphasize the importance of food composition over calorie counting. We summarize how chronic stress interacts with nutritional deficiencies and physical inactivity to disrupt the stress response, immune response, gut microbiome, and function of fat depots. We specifically address how interactions among lifestyle factors and the gut microbiome regulate whether fat stored around the waist has a negative or positive effect on metabolic health. We aim to provide a resource and updated framework for diabetes prevention and health promotion by (i) highlighting metabolic imbalances triggered by lifestyle changes during the transition to industrialized society and (ii) detailing the potential to support metabolic health through access to modest, but comprehensive lifestyle adjustments.
Assessment of mental health status among Chinese nursing staff in the intensive care unit: a network analysis
Authors: Zeng Liang-Nan , Cai Hong , Gao Fei , Guan Bi , Chen Wen-Jin , He Wei , Peng Tang-Ming , Li Xiao-Peng , Li Yan , Kung Sui Sum , Wang Xiao-Meng , Liu Wei , Zhao Di , Yan Shu
Published: June 2023

Backgrounds:

Nursing is the key group to provide healthcare services, and it is easy for nursing staff to develop mental health problems.

Aims:

The study aimed to evaluate prevalence of psychological symptoms in nurses working in an intensive care unit (ICU) and the inter-relationship of associations of psychological symptoms using network analysis.

Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional design study. The Chinese version of the Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) was used to measure the psychological status of ICU nurses. The network structure of psychological symptoms was characterised, and indices of ‘Expected influence’ were used to identify symptoms central to the network. Network stability was examined using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure.

Results:

Multiple logistic regression analysis found those who had worked more than 15 years were less likely to experience positive psychological symptoms, whereas nurses working in emergency ICU and other ICUs, nurses working in departments with over 16 beds were more likely to develop psychological symptoms. In addition, ‘Anxiety’, ‘Mental degeneration’ and ‘Depression’ were central symptoms in the network.

Conclusions:

ICU nurses reported a high level of psychological symptoms, which may affect the quality of their work and worsen public health problems.
Hands-on-ground in a new country: a community-based participatory evaluation with immigrant communities in Southern Alberta
Authors: Charles-Rodriguez Ulises , Aborawi Aiat , Khatiwada Kamal , Shahi Ashmita , Koso Silvia , Prociw Savanna , Sanford Christa , Larouche Richard
Published: June 2023

Immigrants experience a high risk of mental health deterioration following settlement in Canada. Immigrant communities benefit from health-promoting interventions that stimulate social inclusion and belonging as protective factors. In this context, community gardens have been recognized as interventions that promote healthy behaviours, place attachment and belonging.

This article summarizes our experience conducting a community-based participatory evaluation (CBPE), engaging community stakeholders in planning, implementing and evaluating a community garden for immigrants. We conducted a CBPE to provide relevant and timely feedback to inform programme adaptation and development. Participants, interpreters and organizers were engaged through surveys, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Participants expressed a range of motivations, benefits, challenges and recommendations. The garden was a place that fostered learning and promoted healthy behaviours, including physical activity and socialization. However, there were challenges in organization and communication with participants. Findings were used to adapt the activities to immigrants’ needs and expand the programming of collaborating organizations. Stakeholder engagement facilitated capacity building and direct use of findings. This approach may catalyse sustainable community action with immigrant communities.
Rehabilitation protocols in proximal humerus fracture management: A systematic review
Authors: Budharaju Ashrita , Hones Keegan M , Hao Kevin A , Wright Jonathan O , Fedorka Catherine J , Kaar Scott G , Bohsali Kamal I , Wright Thomas W , Patrick Matthew R , King Joseph J
Published: June 2023

Background

Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are relatively common, although optimal rehabilitation is unknown. This review aims to characterize the published rehabilitation regimens utilized for PHFs.

Methods

A systematic review was performed per PRISMA guidelines, utilizing PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane. All studies reporting PHF rehabilitation protocols after nonoperative management, open reduction internal fixation with a plate, or intramedullary nailing were included.

Results

Forty articles comprising 3507 patients (66% female, weighted mean age 63.5 years) were included. Substantial variability was present regardless of management. Rehabilitation modalities reported were: sling use in 34 cohorts, most commonly for three weeks; pendulum exercises in 21 cohorts, most commonly starting at post-intervention day 1; post-intervention passive range of motion (ROM) for 30 cohorts, most commonly starting at two days; active-ROM in eight cohorts, most commonly starting at three weeks; active-assisted ROM for 21 cohorts, most commonly starting at three weeks; unlimited ROM for 20 cohorts, most commonly at 4 or 6 weeks; non-weight-bearing for six cohorts, most commonly for six weeks; strengthening for 16 cohorts, most commonly at six weeks; removal of all restrictions for nine cohorts, most commonly starting at six weeks.

Conclusions

Published rehabilitation protocols for PHFs vary considerably regardless of management. Future studies comparing methods of management need to consider the influence of postoperative rehabilitation protocol heterogeneity when aggregating data from multiple sites.

Level of Evidence

IV
The Practical Role of FEF25–75 in Young Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Cirillo Ignazio , Schiavetti Irene , Ricciardolo Fabio L.M. , Miraglia Del Giudice Michele , Tosca Maria Angela , Ciprandi Giorgio
Published: June 2023

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a relevant risk factor asthma as it may frequently precede asthma onset. There is evidence that lung function may be early impaired in AR patients. In this regard, the forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75) could be a reliable marker of bronchial impairment in AR. Therefore, the present study investigated the practical role of FEF25-75 in young people with AR. The parameters included history, body mass index (BMI), lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). This cross-sectional study included 759 patients (74 females and 685 males, mean age of 29.2 years) suffering from AR. The study demonstrated a significant association between low FEF25-75 values and BMI (OR 0.80), FEV1 (OR 1.29), FEV1/FVC (OR 1.71), and BHR (OR 0.11). Stratifying the patients on the basis of the presence (or absence) of BHR, sensitization to house dust mites (OR 1.81), AR duration (OR 1.08), FEF25-75 (OR 0.94), and FeNO (OR 1.08) were associated with BHR. Stratifying patients based on high FeNO values (>50 ppb), BHR was associated with high FeNO (OR 39). In conclusion, the present study showed that FEF25-75 was associated with low FEV1 and FEV1/FVC and BHR in AR patients. Therefore, spirometry should be considered in the long-term workup of patients with allergic rhinitis as impaired FEF25-75 might suggest an initial progression toward asthma.
Periodontal inflammation is associated with increased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells: a retrospective cohort study in a high vascular risk population
Authors: Vázquez-Reza María , Custodia Antía , López-Dequidt Iria , Aramburu-Núñez Marta , Romaus-Sanjurjo Daniel , Ouro Alberto , Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Iglesias-Rey Ramón , Pías-Peleteiro Juan Manuel , Leira Rogelio , Blanco Juan , Castillo José , Sobrino Tomás , Leira Yago
Published: June 2023

Background:

One of the main biological mechanisms behind the link between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular diseases is vascular endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been considered a biomarker of altered vascular endothelial function.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between periodontal inflammation and increased number of circulating EPCs.

Design:

This is retrospective cohort study.

Methods:

In this study, 85 elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension were followed up to 12 months. A baseline full-mouth periodontal assessment was carried out, and the amount of periodontal tissue inflamed per subject was calculated as a proxy of periodontal inflammation [periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA)]. The number of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+) was determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood samples collected at baseline and 12 months.

Results:

Mean concentrations of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ progenitor cells were higher in periodontitis patients than in those without periodontitis at baseline [55.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.8 to 90.0 versus 27.2, 95% CI = 13.6 to 40.8, p = 0.008] and 12 months (114.6, 95% CI = 53.5 to 175.7 versus 19.1, 95% CI = 10.8 to 27.4, p = 0.003). A significant increase over the follow-up was noticed in the group of subjects with periodontitis ( p = 0.049) but not in the nonperiodontitis group ( p = 0.819). PISA was independently associated with CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at baseline ( B coefficient = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.058; p = 0.021). The relationship between PISA and CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at 12 months was confounded by increased baseline body mass index ( B coefficient = 0.064, 95% CI = −0.005 to 0.132; p = 0.066).

Conclusion:

Periodontal inflammation is associated with high number of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs, thus supporting a potential link between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction.
Assessing the impact and resource implications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound on workflow of patients with incidental focal liver lesions on the UK national health service
Authors: O’Brien Megan , Oliver Louisa , Proctor Nick , Siakantari Maro , Cantin Peter , Griffin Colin P. , Stenberg Ben
Published: June 2023

Background

Focal liver lesions (FLL) are abnormal growths that require timely identification. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective imaging modality for characterising FLL with similar sensitivity to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite being recommended by NICE, its adoption within the national health service (NHS) is limited due to low clinical demand, limited referral, and lack of knowledge.

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of CEUS on patients with incidental FLL and assess the resource implications of introducing CEUS as a diagnostic service within the NHS.

Material and methods

A patient flow review and cost-minimisation analysis were conducted. This involved a targeted literature review, NHS Trust stakeholder consultations, and development of a Microsoft Excel cost-minimisation model to explore potential value of CEUS use versus CT and MRI by episode. A scenario analysis of the base-case explored increasing CEUS use to 50% and 90%. A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess how changes in assumptions impacted the model and the resulting cost estimates.

Results

The model, comparing a world with and without CEUS, showed that current use (base-case: 5%) resulted in cost savings of £224,790/year. The sensitivity analysis indicated that regardless of changes to the assumptions, CEUS still resulted in cost savings to the NHS. By increasing CEUS use to 50% and 90%, cost savings of up to £2,247,894/year and £4,046,208/year could be achieved, respectively.

Conclusion

By standardising CEUS use for characterising FLL, substantial cost savings could be realised, whilst reducing wait times and expanding diagnostic capacity, thus preserving limited CT and MRI capacity for high-priority cases.
Images of China Construed in President Xi Jinping’s Overseas Signed Articles (2014–2021): The Role of Agency
Authors: Wang Xi
Published: June 2023

This study explores the image of China projected in the Chinese version of President Xi Jinping’s overseas signed articles (OSAs) and their English translations regarding the review and proposal sections. A parallel corpus of 56 OSAs in two languages is established for synchronic and diachronic analysis (2014–2021). Linguistic choices in the system of AGENCY in systemic functional linguistics are focused to investigate whether an event is construed as self-engendered happening or being caused by an external Agent. The study finds that through consistent linguistic choices of demonstrating events as either actions or happenings, the images of China construed discursively in the proposal section are generally active, responsible, competent and cooperative in both versions. However, in the review, a modest, equal and inclusive images in Chinese originals of OSAs published in developed countries shift into active, competent and exclusive in their English translations. Both linguistic and contextual factors are examined to explain such shifts in language and image.
Test–Retest Reliability and Random Measurement Error of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire in Older Adults With Subjective Memory Complaints
Authors: Yang Hui-Ling , Chou Kuei-Ru , Lee Shih-Chieh , Lin Po-Han , Chiang Hsin-Yu
Published: June 2023

To examine the psychometric properties of the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) in older adults with subjective memory complaints. The three MMQ subscale (Satisfaction, Ability, and Strategy) was administered twice, with a 3-month interval. The test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The random measurement error was examined by calculating the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC95). The test-retest reliabilities of the three MMQ subscales were generally acceptable. The SEM of the three MMQ subscales was higher than the acceptable criterion of 10%. Despite the influence of random measurement error, the change scores of the three MMQ subscales may represent true changes if they are larger than the MDC95 of 13.2 (Satisfaction), 18.4 (Ability), and 16.9 (Strategy). The MMQ appears to be a reliable measure for use in research settings, but may not yet be suitable for clinical use.
When it “Feels Like We’re in This Together”: Toward a Trauma-Informed Public Health Pedagogy Drawing on Lived Experiences
Authors: Tsui Emma K. , Cooper Spring , Elsayed Ayah , Billings Stella , Stewart Sindy , Andrews Daviann
Published: June 2023

Since 2020, graduate public health students have been living through the intersecting pandemics of COVID-19 and structural racism while simultaneously experiencing classroom lessons on these topics. In this paper, we analyze 14 oral history interviews exploring these experiences, and identify needed shifts in public health pedagogy that these interviews illuminate. Interviews were produced through a participatory oral history project called Public Health Education Now, which was led by a team of faculty and MPH students based at the City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy. We analyzed the interviews using reflexive thematic analysis. In these interviews, students described lived experiences of trauma, isolation, and tensions in public health (Theme 1), as well as a desire for public health education anchored in their lived experiences that activates hope (Theme 2), and public health education that nourishes and sustains them (Theme 3). Our analysis advances a view of public health students of this era as survivor-learners whose lived experiences can be a rich resource for informing the future of public health education, provided appropriate supports are in place. We discuss the ways that trauma-informed teaching and learning responds to these findings. Finally, we suggest action steps toward incorporating trauma-informed public health pedagogy drawing on lived experiences into public health classrooms, programs, and schools.
Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: Second-Look Arthroscopy
Authors: Girgis Mina Y. , Carey James L.
Published: June 2023

Background:

A known complication following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the repair of cartilage defects is graft hypertrophy. Although hypertrophic tissue can sometimes be asymptomatic, it may cause pain, catching, or effusion prompting a debridement operation—the most common cause for reoperation.

Indications:

Second-look arthroscopy is required for debridement of symptomatic hypertrophic or delaminated tissue.

Technique Description:

First, the graft is distinguished from the surrounding tissue. Visually, the graft has a lighter white color than the surrounding egg-shell-colored native cartilage. With a probe, it can be appreciated that the graft also has a softer texture than the firmer surrounding cartilage. Once the graft is identified, hypertrophy can be appreciated by the extent of raised margins from the surrounding cartilage. Delamination can also be seen by visualizing separated strands of graft on the surface or separation of the graft at the margins. A probe may then be used to gently assess the extent of the delamination. After diagnosing hypertrophy or delamination, a shaver is used to gently debride the tissue back so that it becomes flush with the surrounding tissue. Special care must be taken as to not over-debride the tissue, as this can subsequently lead to recurrent cartilage defect.

Results:

Patients are expected to have resolved pain, catching, and clicking sensations as well as resolved graft-associated effusion following this procedure.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Due to the incidence of symptomatic graft hypertrophy and delamination following ACI, second-look arthroscopy may be necessary to evaluate and possibly treat a cartilage defect following its repair.

Patient Consent Disclosure Statement:

The author(s) attests that consent has been obtained from any patient(s) appearing in this publication. If the individual may be identifiable, the author(s) has included a statement of release or other written form of approval from the patient(s) with this submission for publication.
The effects of religious views and creationism on teleological reasoning, acceptance and understanding of natural selection: a preliminary mixed-methods study
Authors: Wingert Jason R. , Bassett Gennie M. , Terry Caitlin E. , Cheng Kedai , Lee Jimin
Published: June 2023

Background

Creationist religious views have a large influence on the public’s views and learning related to evolution, especially human evolution. Creationism has been shown to reinforce students’ design teleological stance, which creates a challenging conceptual obstacle for learning evolution. The purpose of the current study was to determine if students with creationist views responded differently to education intended to directly challenge design teleological reasoning in the context of a human evolution course, compared to students with naturalist views. In a convergent mixed methods design this study combined pre- and post-semester quantitative survey data (N = 48) on student endorsement of teleological reasoning, acceptance of evolution (Inventory of Student Evolution Acceptance), and understanding of natural selection (Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection), with a thematic analysis of student reflective writing on their understanding and acceptance of natural selection and teleological reasoning.

Results

This study found that students with creationist views had higher levels of design teleological reasoning and lower levels of acceptance of evolution at the beginning of the semester, compared to students with naturalist views (p < 0.01). Students with creationist views experienced significant (p < 0.01) improvements in teleological reasoning and acceptance of human evolution. While the changes in teleological reasoning, understanding and acceptance experienced by students with creationist views were similar in magnitude to changes in students with naturalist views, creationists never achieved levels of evolution understanding and acceptance seen in students with naturalist views. Multiple linear regression showed that student religiosity was a significant predictor of understanding of evolution, while having creationist views was a predictor of acceptance of evolution. Thematic analysis revealed that more students believed that religion and evolution are incompatible than compatible. However, more than one-third of students expressed openness to learning about evolution alongside their religious views.

Conclusions

Students with creationist views made gains on nearly all measures, but significantly underperformed their counterparts with natural views. For many students, religiosity and creationism challenge their thinking about evolution. This paper describes pedagogical practices to help students understand their own teleological reasoning and support students with creationist views who are learning about evolution.
High-quality chromosome-level de novo assembly of the Trifolium repens
Authors: Wang Hongjie , Wu Yongqiang , He Yong , Li Guoyu , Ma Lichao , Li Shuo , Huang Jianwei , Yang Guofeng
Published: June 2023

Background

White clover (Trifolium repens L.), an excellent perennial legume forage, is an allotetraploid native to southeastern Europe and southern Asia. It has high nutritional, ecological, genetic breeding, and medicinal values and exhibits excellent resistance to cold, drought, trample, and weed infestation. Thus, white clover is widely planted in Europe, America, and China; however, the lack of reference genome limits its breeding and cultivation. This study generated a white clover de novo genome assembly at the chromosomal level and annotated its components.

Results

The PacBio third-generation Hi-Fi assembly and sequencing methods generated a 1096 Mb genome size of T. repens, with contigs of N50 = 14 Mb, scaffolds of N50 = 65 Mb, and BUSCO value of 98.5%. The newly assembled genome has better continuity and integrity than the previously reported white clover reference genome; thus provides important resources for the molecular breeding and evolution of white clover and other forage. Additionally, we annotated 90,128 high-confidence gene models from the genome. White clover was closely related to Trifolium pratense and Trifolium medium but distantly related to Glycine max, Vigna radiata, Medicago truncatula, and Cicer arietinum. The expansion, contraction, and GO functional enrichment analysis of the gene families showed that T. repens gene families were associated with biological processes, molecular function, cellular components, and environmental resistance, which explained its excellent agronomic traits.

Conclusions

This study reports a high-quality de novo assembly of white clover genome obtained at the chromosomal level using PacBio Hi-Fi sequencing, a third-generation sequencing. The generated high-quality genome assembly of white clover provides a key basis for accelerating the research and molecular breeding of this important forage crop. The genome is also valuable for future studies on legume forage biology, evolution, and genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with the relevant agronomic traits.
Potential pathways and genes expressed in Chrysanthemum in response to early fusarium oxysporum infection
Authors: Miao Weihao , Yang Yanrong , Wu Mengtong , huang Gan , Ge Lijiao , Liu Ye , Guan Zhiyong , Chen Sumei , Fang Weimin , Chen Fadi , Zhao Shuang
Published: June 2023

Background

Chrysanthemum Fusarium wilt is a common fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum, which causes continuous cropping obstacles and huge losses to the chrysanthemum industry. The defense mechanism of chrysanthemum against F. oxysporum remains unclear, especially during the early stages of the disease. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’ samples inoculated with F. oxysporum at 0, 3, and 72 h using RNA-seq.

Results

The results revealed that 7985 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were co-expressed at 3 and 72 h after F. oxysporum infection. We analyzed the identified DEGs using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology. The DEGs were primarily enriched in “Plant pathogen interaction”, “MAPK signaling pathway”, “Starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites”. Genes related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated in chrysanthemum early during the inoculation period. Furthermore, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymes were consistently produced to accumulate large amounts of phenolic compounds to resist F. oxysporum infection. Additionally, genes related to the proline metabolic pathway were upregulated, and proline levels accumulated within 72 h, regulating osmotic balance in chrysanthemum. Notably, the soluble sugar content in chrysanthemum decreased early during the inoculation period; we speculate that this is a self-protective mechanism of chrysanthemums for inhibiting fungal reproduction by reducing the sugar content in vivo. In the meantime, we screened for transcription factors that respond to F. oxysporum at an early stage and analyzed the relationship between WRKY and DEGs in the “Plant-pathogen interaction” pathway. We screened a key WRKY as a research target for subsequent experiments.

Conclusion

This study revealed the relevant physiological responses and gene expression changes in chrysanthemum in response to F. oxysporum infection, and provided a relevant candidate gene pool for subsequent studies on chrysanthemum Fusarium wilt.
The effect of intraoperative transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange on emergence from general anesthesia in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wei Wei , Li Xiang , Feng Lili , Jiao Jiali , Li Wenxian , Cai Yirong , Fang Rui , Han Yuan
Published: June 2023

Background

Transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) has received extensive attention for its utility in tubeless anesthesia. Still, the effects of its carbon dioxide accumulation on emergence from anesthesia have not been reported. This randomized controlled trial aimed at exploring the impact of THRIVE combined with laryngeal mask (LM) on the quality of emergence in patients undergoing microlaryngeal surgery.

Methods

After research ethics board approval, 40 eligible patients receiving elective microlaryngeal vocal cord polypectomy were randomly allocated 1:1 to two groups, THRIVE + LM group: intraoperative apneic oxygenation using THRIVE followed by mechanical ventilation through a laryngeal mask in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), or MV + ETT group: mechanically ventilated through an endotracheal tube for both intraoperative and post-anesthesia periods. The primary outcome was duration of PACU stay. Other parameters reflecting quality of emergence and carbon dioxide accumulation were also recorded.

Results

Duration of PACU stay (22.4 ± 6.4 vs. 28.9 ± 8.8 min, p = 0.011) was shorter in the THRIVE + LM group. The incidence of cough (2/20, 10% vs. 19/20, 95%, P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the THRIVE + LM group. Peripheral arterial oxygen saturation and mean arterial pressure during intraoperative and PACU stay, Quality of Recovery Item 40 total score at one day after surgery and Voice Handicap Index-10 score at seven days after surgery were of no difference between two groups.

Conclusions

The THRIVE + LM strategy could accelerate emergence from anesthesia and reduce the incidence of cough without compromising oxygenation. However, these benefits did not convert to the QoR-40 and VHI-10 scores improvement.

Trial registration

ChiCTR2000038652.