bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orbital Maneuver Analysis of BDS‐3 Satellites Based on Time‐Differenced Carrier Phase Velocity Measurement
Authors: Miao Yage , Tu Rui , Hong Ju , Zhang Shixuan , Li Fangxin , Liu Mingyue
Published: January 2023

The BeiDou‐3 global navigation satellite system (BDS‐3) has been widely used in various fields worldwide since its official launch on July 31, 2020. As of August 1, 2021, 33 satellite orbital maneuver events have occurred in BDS‐3. The satellite orbits deviate owing to external factors, and orbital maneuvers are required to adjust the orbit to ensure the appropriate operation and service of the system. This study is the first systematic analysis of historical orbital maneuvers since the launch of BDS‐3, eight stations that received BDS‐3 signals in the Asia‐Pacific region and India were selected, and 33 maneuver events of BDS‐3 were detected and enumerated using the time‐differenced carrier phase velocity measurement algorithm. The results revealed that the method can detect all orbital maneuvers of BDS‐3, and the detection results are consistent with the maneuver dates marked by the broadcast ephemeris. In most maneuver events, the detection start and end times were approximately 10–60 min and 30–90 min earlier, respectively, than the marked time in the broadcast ephemeris. The orbital maneuvers of inclined geosynchronous orbit satellites significantly affected the velocity measurements, resulting in a mean error of approximately 0.06–0.73 m/s for each velocity component. Furthermore, the maneuvering of geostationary orbit satellites had a little effect on their velocity, and the mean velocity measurement error was mostly within 0.09 m/s. Among these satellites, the maneuvering of the C60 satellite had a smaller effect on the velocity measurement, and the mean velocity measurement error was within 0.03 m/s. The weak response at the ground level led to the weak detection sensitivity of this method to the maneuver of C60.
Microbiota from Exercise Mice Counteracts High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Li Rui , Liu Ruitong , Chen Lei , Wang Guiping , Qin Liqiang , Yu Zengli , Wan Zhongxiao
Published: January 2023

Gut microbes may be the critical mediators for the cognitive enhancing effects of exercise. Via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), this study is aimed at determining the mechanism of how voluntary exercise improved learning and memory ability impairment post a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet. The learning and memory abilities assessed via the Morris water maze in the FMT recipient group of voluntary exercising mice were improved compared to sedentary group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results indicated that exercise-induced changes in gut microbiota distribution were transmissible, mainly in terms of elevated Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus, and Eubacterium nodatum, as well as decreased Clostrida_UCG-014 and Akkermansia after FMT. The neuroprotective effects of FMT were mainly related to the improved insulin signaling pathway (IRS2/PI3K/AKT) and mitochondrial function; inhibition of AQP4; decreased p-Tau at serine 396 and 404; increased BDNF, PSD95, and synaptophysin in the hippocampus; and also decreased HDAC2 and HDAC3 protein expressions in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of the hippocampus. The findings of qRT-PCR suggested that exercise-induced gut microbes, on the one hand, elevated GPR109A and decreased GPR43 and TNF-α in the hippocampus. On the other hand, it increased GPR109A and GPR41 expressions in the proximal colon tissue. In addition, total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid contents were also elevated in the cecum. In conclusion, exercise-induced alterations in gut microbiota play a decisive role in ameliorating HFHC diet-induced cognitive deficits. FMT treatment may be a new considerable direction in ameliorating cognitive impairment induced by exposure to HFHC diet.
Prognostic and Immunological Potential of Ribonucleotide Reductase Subunits in Liver Cancer
Authors: Yin Xin , Jiang Kan , Zhou Ziyang , Yu Hao , Yan Danfang , He Xingkang , Yan Senxiang
Published: January 2023

Background. Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) consists of two subunits, the large subunit RRM1 and the small subunit (RRM2 or RRM2B), which is essential for DNA replication. Dysregulations of RR were implicated in multiple types of cancer. However, the abnormal expressions and biologic functions of RR subunits in liver cancer remain to be elucidated. Methods. TCGA, HCCDB, CCLE, HPA, cBioPortal, and GeneMANIA were utilized to perform bioinformatics analysis of RR subunits in the liver cancer. GO, KEGG, and GSEA were used for enrichment analysis. Results. The expressions of RRM1, RRM2, and RRM2B were remarkably upregulated among liver cancer tissue both in mRNA and protein levels. High expression of RRM1 and RRM2 was notably associated with high tumor grade, high stage, short overall survival, and disease-specific survival. Enrichment analyses indicated that RRM1 and RRM2 were related to DNA replication, cell cycle, regulation of nuclear division, DNA repair, and DNA recombination. Correlation analysis indicated that RRM1 and RRM2 were significantly associated with several subsets of immune cell, including Th2 cells, cytotoxic cells, and neutrophils. RRM2B expression was positively associated with immune score and stromal score. Chemosensitivity analysis revealed that sensitivity of nelarabine was positively associated with high expressions of RRM1 and RRM2. The sensitivity of rapamycin was positively associated with high expressions of RRM2B. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrated high expression profiles of RR subunits in liver cancer, which may provide novel insights for predicting the poor prognosis and increased chemosensitivity of liver cancer in clinic.
RING Finger Protein 10 Regulates AP-1/Meox2 to Mediate Pirarubicin-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Shi Hongwei , Duan Liang , Lan Ying , He Quan , Pu Peng , Tang Heng
Published: January 2023

Pirarubicin (THP) is one of the classic chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment. It is often clinically limited because of its cardiotoxicity. The occurrence and development of THP-mediated chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity (CRC) may be reversed by RING finger protein 10 (RNF10). This study was performed with the aim of evaluating the inhibitory effect of RNF10 on THP-mediated CRC and its molecular mechanism. In vivo, we found that the expression of RNF10 decreased in THP-induced CRC rats, accompanied by Meox2 inhibition and AP-1 activation, resulting in increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. After small interfering RNA (siRNA) and lentivirus transfection (Lv) of RNF10 in vitro, the expression of RNF10, Meox2, and AP-1 proteins and the degree of cardiomyocyte apoptosis were detected. We found that overexpression of RNF10 in H9C2 cardiomyocytes significantly promoted Meox2 and inhibited AP-1, alleviated apoptosis, and showed further inhibitory activity on THP-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. Silencing RNF10 showed the opposite result. Our study showed that RNF10 inhibited THP-induced CRC through the activity of Meox2 and AP-1 proteins. RNF10 may be the next drug target for the treatment of CRC and other related cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Ketamine on Quality of Recovery after Laparoscopic Surgery: A Single-Centre Single-Blinded Trial Using the QoR-15 Questionnaire
Authors: Pereira Helder , Graça Maria Inês , Fonseca Diana , Mendes-Castro Alfredo , Abelha Fernando
Published: January 2023

Background. The quality of recovery is a cluster of patient-related outcomes that emphasise not only pain but different physical and emotional dimensions. Traditionally, ketamine is used to improve postoperative analgesia and avoid opioid consumption and opioid-related side effects. Objective. The present study sought to evaluate if intraoperative ketamine administration (as a part of multimodal analgesia) influences the quality of recovery after laparoscopic surgery. Design. A prospective two-armed, single-blinded trial. Settings. Tertiary single-centre trial between July 2021 and January 2022. Patients. From the 146 patients initially admitted to the study, 127 patients were enrolled, 60 in the ketamine group (group K) and 67 in the control group (group NK). Intervention. Both groups received a rigid intraoperative anaesthesia protocol; furthermore, in group K, 0.5 mg/kg of the ideal body weight of ketamine was administered. Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was to evaluate the effect of ketamine administration on the postoperative quality of recovery using the Portuguese version of the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) Questionnaire 24 h after surgery. The total score and minimal clinically significant difference (MCID) of the QoR-15 were compared. Other variables were also assessed such as the presence of emergence delirium (ED), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, and the presence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results. A total of 127 patients were allocated to the study groups, 60 in group K and 67 in group NK. Regarding the primary outcome, no differences were found in individual categories (15 items) and in the total score of QoR-15 (

p
=
0.214

). Concerning improvement (MCID ≥ 8) or worsening (MCID ≤ 8) in quality of recovery, no difference was found between the groups (24 vs. 32 and 6 vs. 6;

p
=
0.776

). Finally, no difference was found in secondary postoperative outcomes including ED (

p
=
0.55

), NRS (

p
=
0.401

), and PONV (

p
=
0.55

). Conclusion. In this study, the administration of ketamine in laparoscopic surgery had no impact on the quality of recovery 24 h after surgery. This trial is registered with NCT03724019.
Differential Expression of Claudin 1 and 4 in Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Authors: Nakazawa T. , Hasegawa A. , Nagasaka T. , Yoshida K. , Guo F. , Wu D. , Hiroshima K. , Takeuchi M.
Published: January 2023

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human malignancy. The biological behavior of this entity is remarkably indolent. Claudin plays an important role in tight junctions, regulating paracellular passage of variable substance including growth factors and maintaining the polarity of epithelia. Up- or downregulated claudin expression has been reported in many cancers. Nevertheless, claudin expression in BCC of the skin remains unclear. We therefore examined the status of claudin 1 and 4 expressions in BCC and adjacent normal skin by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our IHC results demonstrated high claudin 1 expression and low claudin 4 expression in 33 of 34 lower-grade BCCs. In lower-grade BCC, claudin 1 was increased and claudin 4 was decreased compared with the normal skin. Claudin 1 was inclined to be highly expressed in the membrane and cytoplasm of tumour cells in the periphery of tumour nest. Conversely, almost all lower-grade BCCs (33/34) and one of two higher-grade BCC lacked or showed focal positivity for claudin 4. These results imply that the expression pattern is characteristics of lower-risk BCC. Interestingly, one of the two higher-grade BCCs demonstrated the converse expression patterns of claudins, with decreased claudin 1 and increased claudin 4. The combination of immunohistochemical claudin 1 and 4 expression may offer a useful ancillary tool for the pathological diagnosis of BCC. Furthermore, membranous and intracellular claudins may present future therapeutic targets for uncontrollable BCC.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Associated Mechanisms in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Clinical Significance of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Mende Christian W. , Samarakoon Rohan , Higgins Paul J.
Published: January 2023

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common disorder with multiple serious clinical implications, including an increased risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular complications, heart failure, onset or worsening of hypertension, and premature death. Patients with DKD frequently require dialysis or kidney transplantation to manage their ESKD. Summary: Upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is an important contributor to kidney disease progression, as highlighted by the results of trials evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with albuminuria. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of a multidirectional network that involves aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) as driving forces in the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-induced injury in the initiation of interstitial nephritis and eventual fibrosis in chronic kidney disease and DKD. The MR is a key element of this triangle, as highlighted by the beneficial effect of MR antagonists in preventing or reducing aldosterone- or Rac1-related effects in basic science studies, and the improved patient outcomes observed in clinical studies. Key Messages: Aldosterone can promote kidney disease in diabetes via the MR and via MR-independent actions through Rac1. However, the MR remains a key element of this triangle, with clinical data supporting the use of MR antagonists in delaying the progression of kidney disease in diabetes.
The Epidemiology of Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Central Norway
Authors: Pantelatos Rabea I. , Rahim Shavin , Vik Anne , Rao Vidar , Müller Tomm B. , Nilsen Tom I.L. , Skandsen Toril
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Few studies account for prehospital deaths when estimating incidence and mortality rates of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). In a population-based study, covering both urban and rural areas, including also prehospital deaths, the aim was to estimate incidence and mortality rates of msTBI. Further, we studied the 30-day and 6-month case-fatality proportion of severe TBI in relation to age. Methods: All patients aged ≥17 years who sustained an msTBI in Central Norway were identified by three sources: (1) the regional trauma center, (2) the general hospitals, and (3) the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Incidence and mortality rates were standardized according to the World Health Organization’s world standard population. Case-fatality proportions were calculated by the number of deaths from severe TBI at 30 days and 6 months, divided by all patients with severe TBI. Results: The overall incidence rates of moderate and severe TBI were 4.9 and 6.7 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, increasing from age 70 years. The overall mortality rate was 3.4 per 100,000 person-years, also increasing from age 70 years. Incidence and mortality rates were highest in men. The case-fatality proportion in people with severe TBI was 49% in people aged 60–69 years and 81% in people aged 70–79 years. Conclusion: The overall incidence and mortality rates for msTBI in Central Norway were low but increased from age 70 years, and among those ≥80 years of age with severe TBI, nearly all died. Overall estimates are strongly influenced by high incidence and mortality rates in the elderly, and studies should therefore report age-specific estimates, for better comparison of incidence and mortality rates.
Comparative Efficacy of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Photocoagulation versus Conventional Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Xin-ying , Cao Li , Gao Ye , Luan Jie , Xu Xue-dong
Published: January 2023

Background: Laser photocoagulation is an effective procedure for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). However, the beneficial effects of conventional laser photocoagulation (CLP) are accompanied by the destruction of retinal photoreceptors. Therefore, subthreshold micropulse laser photocoagulation (SMLP) was proposed for DME. Objectives: This meta-analysis study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SMLP compared with CLP for the management of DME. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, SinoMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, published until Dec 2021, were searched to identify studies evaluating the clinical outcomes of SMLP for DME. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were selected for this meta-analysis involving a total of 546 eyes (275 eyes in SMLP group and 271 eyes in CLP group). SMLP of different wavelengths (577 nm and 810 nm) and duty cycles (5% and 15%) was applied. The pooled outcomes showed that SMLP group, especially 577 nm and 810 nm 15% duty cycle parameter settings, had a statistically significant higher efficacy than CLP group in terms of BCVA (MD = −0.02, 95% CI: −0.03 to −0.01, p < 0.01; MD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.09 to −0.09, p < 0.01) and showed more significant advantages than CLP group in resolving macular edema assessed by reduction of CMT (MD = −32.87, 95% CI: −37.61 to −28.13, p < 0.01; MD = −8.01, 95% CI: −9.06 to −6.96, p < 0.01), whereas the efficacy of 577 nm and 810 nm 5% duty cycle SMLP subgroups remained numerically superior to CLP group, but nonsignificantly (p > 0.05). In the field of CS, SMLP group (no matter parameter settings) resulted in better preservation of CS compared to CLP group (MD = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.47–2.46, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Compared with CLP, SMLP may get superior efficacy and safety on improvement of BCVA, reduction of CMT, and preservation of CS. In clinical, SMLP can be considered as a safe and effective therapy in the management of DME.
Development and Validation of Instructional Material in Astronomy
Authors: Dantic Marshall James P.
Published: January 2023

This study used descriptive - developmental education research design. There are 17 science teacher education students whose currently taking Astronomy subject as major subject, and 12 faculty specialist in the field of science and professional education who served as participants of the study. Two instruments were used in gathering data, including; assessment tests and descriptive checklist. Findings revealed the following: the level of competency of the students were satisfactory before the development of the material; the developed instructional material was a module entitled “Solar: Module for Astronomy.” It was composed of different parts. It contains 19 congruent worksheets; the instructional material was perceived as “Very Useful.”; and the instructional material was perceived as “Not Difficult” to utilize. Thus, in view of these conclusions, it recommends to heighten the level of competency of the students by using developed instructional materials as references and resources; innovate and improve the developed module by adding parts and worksheets; utilize the developed instructional material as resources and references in teaching astronomy and other related fields; and maintain the difficulty of the instructional material.
Concessionaires’ Satisfaction on General Santos City Water District Services
Authors: Anoche Jennica P. , Dolor Chez Anne P. , Ante Kevin Jay , Ferolino Jason Roy T. , Ferolino Jannene G.
Published: January 2023

This research entitled Concessionaires Satisfaction on General Santos City Water District Services focuses on determining the level of satisfaction of their active members with the quality services provided by GSCWD. In addition, the researchers conducted this study to know the relevance and relationship of concessionaires' level of satisfaction when grouped according to demographics and the improvements that the active members recommended to GSCWD services. Furthermore, this is a descriptive correlational study with a quantitative approach. Using a customer feedback survey, the researchers gathered the necessary data for this study. The researchers utilized an online sampling calculator to determine the total number of respondents from the active members of this study. A total of three hundred eighty-two (382) respondents were intended for the sample size from different barangays with active connections in General Santos City. Feedback survey questionnaires were distributed randomly to residents and business owners in different barangays until the researchers reached the quota. Upon completing the survey, the researchers found out that the GSCWD has a high level of customer satisfaction, as a result of which they strongly agree that the services provided are of high quality.

Moreover, the relationship between a concessionaire's employment status and customer satisfaction level is insignificant, implying that it has no direct influence on customer satisfaction. However, age, sex, and classification of concessionaire's service connection have a significant relationship with the level of customer satisfaction, indicating that it directly impacts customer satisfaction. In line with these, the researchers, therefore, conclude that the concessionaires are greatly satisfied and that GSCWD can provide high-quality water services. Furthermore, age, sex, and classification of a concessionaire's service connection are essential factors in determining concessionaires' expectations and perceptions of GSCWD's various services.
N/A School-Based Audio Clip Lessons in Social Studies for Modular Distance Learning
Authors: Amaro Ailene Delos Santos
Published: January 2023

Modular distance learning (MDL) poses significant challenges to teachers, parents, and students in the delivery of quality education in the country. The study evaluated the effectiveness of School-Based Audio Clip Lessons in Social Studies.  It is an intervention program proposed to address the learning issues raised by parents of Grade 1 to Grade 6 MDL students at a public elementary school in Rizal, Philippines for the school year 2020-2021. Mixed methods research was used in the study. Results showed that the Audio Clip Lessons in Social Studies had a positive impact on the MDL learners (average MPS = 1.627), with an emphasis on the intervention being implemented across all learning areas in the school. Furthermore, the parents strongly agree that the use of Audio Clip Lessons is significantly beneficial and necessary for their children's studies. Thus, it is recommended that the use of audio clip lessons be implemented for the next school year across all grade levels in all learning areas.  In addition, it is also suggested that funds be allocated to produce high-quality audio clip lesson materials and that marketing materials be used to encourage other schools to sign adopt the program.
Government Strategy to Recover the Tourism Sector Affected by the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Apriyanti Masayu Endang
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic hit the world including Indonesia, in a period of approximately 2 years, pandemic had negative impact. One of the businesses that was greatly affected was the tourism sector in Indonesian provinces, some were still able to survive, but some were not, due to sluggish demand for the tourism sector, the implementation of the PPKM (Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions) policy, prohibiting crowds, and even being prohibited from leaving the house if it's not an emergency, of course all of that has impact on the wheels of the economy temporarily, but the cost of living must still run. This study analyzes secondary data from news, books, scientific journals and data published by government. The point of the finding is that pandemic has had major impact on tourism sector. Because during the pandemic, many activities were online, thus reducing the number of tourist visits and that had impact on incoming income. Because changes in the way of transactions can reduce customer interest, inflation reduces people's purchasing power, and number of unemployed increases because many businesses are not operational, this causes economy to decline. The government must have best strategy to stabilize the wheels of the economy, indeed, it is not easy, there must be a big struggle and hard effort to rise, it can be through the policies & regulations that are enforced, the spirit of fighting, supporting each other according to each other's roles & responsibilities, so that the economy recovered.
Impact of Family Support System in the Academic Performance of Grade 3 Pupils at a Public Elementary School in Rizal, Philippines
Authors: Juguilon Irene Dionio
Published: January 2023

Family interaction establishes a foundation for learning at home. Parents are children’s first teachers and the chief designers of children’s daily curricula. Parents make decisions about what to communicate and how to communicate with their children on a daily basis. Parental involvement has been defined and measured in multiple ways, including activities that parents participate in at home and at school, as well as positive attitudes that parents have toward their child's education. This study determined the impact of family support system in the mathematical performance of Grade 3 pupils of a public elementary school in Rizal, Philippines. The descriptive research method was used in this study, and the instrument used to collect data from the participants was a survey questionnaire. Cross-sectional survey type was also applied. Various statistical methods such as frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, and T-test were used in the interpretation of data. Results revealed that there are varied effects in the academic performance of family support system. Learners who received quality family support performed better academically than those who received less. It is recommended that parents support their children's early education at home as well as active involvement and participation in school. Finally, it is suggested that the school come up with support activities for parents in order to increase parental involvement at school.
Consumers Psychographic Intention and Purchasing Behavior: A Marketing Framework for Local Tourism Products
Authors: Cabaguing Jordan M. , Lacaba Teresita Villa G. , Nicart Analie G.
Published: January 2023

Marketing is an effective tool in promoting and enhancing the image of any tourism destination. If properly planned and implemented, it will provide very good profit and investment.  Using descriptive-correlational research, this study explored of determining if there is a significant relationship between consumers' psychographic intention and purchasing behavior, targeted the domestic and international tourists traveling to Guiuan, Eastern Samar and purchasing local products. A convenience sampling method was utilized to determine the number of respondents. There was a total of 332 tourists participated in the study. Frequency counts, percentages, weighted mean, and Pearson’s correlation was used in the analysis of the results.  From the findings, it was revealed that consumers are after to quality of products and service delivery. They are particular to price and the value it can give to the amount they paid for. Information about the products must be available online for easy access of information. Accordingly, it is recommended that local government must work with other agencies in assisting how local owners can enhance their delivery of service. Maintaining the culture of hospitality is highly recommended to create a positive image. Consumers’ data must be gathered for reference in future decision-making from their buying patterns and behavioral purchase. The marketing framework will support different local product manufacturers in developing marketing strategies to enhance the marketability of their products and customer loyalty.
Profiling the Research Activities of Canadian Occupational Therapy and Occupational Science Faculty Members
Authors: Jarus Tal , Leclair Leanne L. , Ghahari Setareh , Chen Shu-Ping , Leung Ada , Shaw Lynn
Published: January 2023

Background. There is a lack of knowledge on the scope and nature of the research by faculty members in occupational science (OS) and/or occupational therapy (OT) programs in Canada. Purpose. To describe the research activities of faculty members in these programs and directions. Method. A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 173 faculty members across all 14 Canadian OT that addressed: 1) research topics and methods, 2) populations, and 3) funding. Findings. Based on respondents ( N  =  121), research is focused on a range of topics and populations with most conducting qualitative research. Many conduct research examining the effectiveness of interventions, with few respondents focused on OS research. Federal and provincial grants agencies were the largest source of funding. Implications. Research topics studied were not always proportional to practice although emerging areas were being investigated that can expand the evidence base and scope of practice. Despite limited occupation-specific funding options, respondents were accessing funding from varied sources. Collaborations among faculty members, clinicians, and individuals with lived experience can create priorities for future OS and/or OT research in Canada.
A multi-bandgap metamaterial with multi-frequency resonators
Authors: Murer Mauro , Guruva Sawan K , Formica Giovanni , Lacarbonara Walter
Published: January 2023

A 2D metamaterial cellular system inspired by lightweight honeycombs and spider webs is investigated. The hexagonal cells of the honeycomb act as hosting substructures for spider-web-like or cantilever resonators with added lumped masses which can vibrate, in principle, in any of the infinitely many modes. Contrary to traditional approaches utilizing discrete mass-spring resonators, here the infinite-dimensional (full spectrum) resonators are intentionally tailored to generate multiple, complete or incomplete, stop bands across which wave propagation is either totally or partially suppressed along preferential directions. The Plane Wave Expansion method is employed to obtain the dispersion curves and the bandgap sensitivity with respect to the design parameters. Experimental results based on laser scanning vibrometry corroborate the theoretical predictions and confirm the robustness of the stop band behavior with a wealth of results which pave the way towards suitable optimization strategies and a closer understanding of these formidable stop band cellular material systems.
Bird-inspired robotics principles as a framework for developing smart aerospace materials
Authors: Hoffmann Kenneth AW , Chen Tony G , Cutkosky Mark R , Lentink David
Published: January 2023

Birds are notable for their ability to seamlessly transition between different locomotory functions by dynamically leveraging their shape-shifting morphology. In contrast, the performance of aerial vehicles is constrained to a narrow flight envelope. To understand which functional morphological principles enable birds to successfully adapt to complex environments on the wing, engineers have started to develop biomimetic models of bird morphing flight, perching, aerial grasping and dynamic pursuit. These studies show how avian morphological capabilities are enabled by the biomaterial properties that make up their multifunctional biomechanical structures. The hierarchical structural design includes concepts like lightweight skeletons actuated by distributed muscles that shapeshift the body, informed by embedded sensing, combined with a soft streamlined external surface composed of thousands of overlapping feathers. In aerospace engineering, these functions are best replicated by smart materials, including composites, that incorporate sensing, actuation, communication, and computation. Here we provide a review of recently developed biohybrid, biomimetic, and bioinspired robot structural design principles. To inspire integrative smart material design, we first synthesize the new principles into an aerial robot concept to translate it into its aircraft equivalent. Promising aerospace applications include multifunctional morphing wing structures composed out of smart composites with embedded sensing, artificial muscles for robotic actuation, and fast actuating compliant structures with integrated sensors. The potential benefits of developing and mass-manufacturing these materials for future aerial robots and aircraft include improving flight performance, mission scope, and environmental resilience.
A Phenomenology of First-Year Music Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Frey-Clark Marta , Tucker Olivia G. , West Justin J.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this phenomenology was to examine the lived experience of being a first-year music teacher during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across two data waves, the first in winter 2020 and the second in late spring 2021, we collected written reflections and conducted online interviews with 10 music teachers who began their careers in 2020 to 2021. We found that participants’ experiences were characterized by overwhelm, disconnection, a pervasive concern for well-being, and a sense of missing out. These experiences were shaped by contextual factors like being responsible for mixed instructional modalities, coping with inconsistent student attendance, and navigating safety protocols that presented barriers to learning. The essence of being a first-year music teacher during the pandemic was the feeling of being adrift amid a largely lost year, looking to the next year as another first year of teaching. We suggest that this cohort of novice music teachers is distinct from previous cohorts, having been shaped by an intensified teaching experience. Induction supports such as mentoring may need to be extended through the first 3 years of their careers, and researchers should continue to follow this cohort because their trajectory is unclear.
Ethnic Microaggressions and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem and Academic Futility: The Protective Role of Teachers
Authors: D’hondt Fanny , Maene Charlotte , Stevens Peter A. J.
Published: January 2023

The central focus of this study is the perceived frequency and consequences of ethnic microaggressions. Research in this area of adolescent literature on ethnic discrimination is underdeveloped. Evidence showing that microaggressions are not interchangeable with blatant forms of discrimination and can have a severe negative impact on well-being is scarce. This study focuses on (a) three subdimensions of microaggressions (denial of ethnic reality, emphasis on differences, and negative treatment, (b) differences in frequency based on Muslim affiliation, country of origin, and generational status, (c) the relationship of microaggressions with self-esteem and sense of academic futility, and (d) the protective role of teachers. We use a dataset of 2,763 students of immigrant descent from 64 Belgian secondary schools. The results show that a denial of ethnic reality and negative treatment are related to less self-esteem and more academic futility. The opposite is true for emphasis on differences.
The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China
Authors: Qi Kening , Kuang Hongwei , Liu Yongqing , Peng Nan , Wang Yuchong , Chen Xiaoshuai , Cui Mingming , Qiao Dawei , Li Shuangying , Chen Tianhu , Wang Zhixian , Zhong Quan , Chen Jinxin
Published: January 2023

The rapid rise of glacioeustatic change is the most extreme paleoenvironment alteration in the aftermath of Snowball Earth. Although geologists conducted a lot of multi-subdiscipline research on this issue previously, there still exists the potential room for further discussions of the process in detail. For decades, the practice proved that the Fischer plot is a simple and robust tool to illustrate the fluctuations of accommodation patterns v.s. cycle sets or strata depth which could be interpreted as relative sea-level changes. This research simulates the Fischer plot to unravel the sea-level change in the aftermath of Marinoan glaciation by measuring the lower Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in Shennongjia, South China. The result shows that 131 fifth-order cycles and nine third-order cycles help us propose a completed second-order cycle variation of ice melting-forced sea-level change, i.e., (1) early high-frequency and slow to rapid stepwise rising, and (2) followed by a stable decrease in the latter. In addition, the vertical sedimentary facies of the lower Doushantuo Formation display, in ascending order, (1) intertidal carbonate rock, (2) subtidal clastics with turbidite, and (3) intertidal lagoon fine clastics, indicating the process of the relative waxing and waning of sea-level. Such interpretation of the Fischer plot and the sedimentary facies’ vertical evolution is beneficial for studying the high-frequency sea-level change and paleogeographic reconstruction of post-Marinoan deglaciation.
What Does “Going on the Record” Mean for Critical Media Literacy? Examining Informed Consent in Serial to Trouble Podcasts as Pedagogy
Authors: Griffith Jason J. , Sweet Joseph D.
Published: January 2023

Background/Context:

Considering that the rise in popularity of podcasts as ubiquitous forms of entertainment mirrors a rise in the use of podcasts as curricular texts, this research explores the need for critical listening practices within and beyond the classroom. Specifically, we draw from our overlapping identities as podcast listeners, teacher-educators, and literacy researchers to trouble how descriptions of the informed consent process in podcast journalism contrast with those of qualitative ethnographic research, which is significant because of how well-produced narrative podcasts resemble ethnographic products, particularly in classroom contexts. We center Serial podcast because of its popularity and significance to the podcast genre, and how clearly the show describes instances for gathering journalistic consent.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Thinking with and through critical media literacy, we address three research questions: (1) How can a discourse analysis of Serial inform critical listening practices in literacy education? (2) What can a discourse analysis of Serial teach us about informed consent? (3) What might an analysis of a podcast reveal about values and tensions in the fields of journalism and social science research? We hope that engaging with these questions might contribute to how we take up critical listening practices that critical media literacy calls for and, in turn, be informative for teacher-educators seeking to enact and encourage critical media pedagogy.

Research Design:

In this study, we utilize discourse analysis. We identified and transcribed six scenes from Serial, Season 3, and related media. We selected and organized this data, which Brinkmann referred to as “stumble data,” via an abductive method we dub “fortuitous listening and viewing.” We then analyzed the data via Gee’s discourse organization.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Our findings indicate a tension between podcast journalism and ethnographic research, further delineated as a tension between fidelity to the story versus fidelity to the protection of participants. In some ways, podcast journalism well demonstrates the kind of positive difference-making that critical qualitative researchers aspire to. In other ways, podcast journalism could benefit from better protecting sources from harm in the way that university institutional review boards are designed to help protect participants. Furthermore, considering these tensions is a valuable site for critical analysis, particularly by student and teacher listeners in classroom contexts in which podcasts are being used as curricular texts. We invite fellow educators to join us in designing pedagogy that not only encourages and supports the inclusion of podcasts in the classroom, but also helps to foster a critical framework for engaging in the how and why of podcast journalism.
Coupled dynamic analysis of horizontal axis floating offshore wind turbines with a spar buoy floater
Authors: Kara Fuat
Published: January 2023

Coupled dynamic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) is predicted with in-house ITU-WAVE computational tool. The hydrodynamic parameters are approximated with time marching of boundary integral equation whilst aerodynamic parameters are solved with unsteady blade element momentum method. In addition, forces on FOWT due to mooring lines are predicted with quasi-static analysis whilst hydrodynamic viscous effects are included with Morison equation. FOWT’s blades are considered as an elastic structure whilst tower is considered as a rigid structure. The effects of steady wind speed on surge motion spectrum decrease the spectrum amplitude over wave frequency ranges, but this effect is not significant. The duration of time domain simulation plays significant role in the region of surge and pitch resonant frequencies. The numerical results of in-house ITU-WAVE computational code for eigenfrequencies of blades, aerodynamics and hydrodynamics parameters are validated against other numerical results which shows satisfactory agreements.
Acute Adductor Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review on Diagnostic Imaging, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Farrell Steven Gonzales , Hatem Munif , Bharam Srino
Published: January 2023

Background:

Controversies remain regarding the diagnosis, imaging, and treatment of acute adductor injuries in athletes.

Purpose:

To investigate the diagnostic imaging, treatment, and prevention of acute adductor injuries based on the most recent and relevant scientific evidence.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify articles studying acute adductor injury in athletes. Inclusion criteria were original publication on acute adductor injury in amateur or professional athletes, level 1 to 4 evidence, mean patient age >15 years, and results presented as return-to-sport, pain, or functional outcomes. Quality assessment was performed with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement or the methodological index for non-randomized studies criteria. Articles were grouped as imaging, treatment, prevention focused, or mixed.

Results:

A total of 30 studies published between 2001 and 2021 were selected, involving 594 male patients with a mean age 26.2 years (range, 16-68 years). The most frequent sports were soccer (62%), basketball (14%), futsal (6%), American football (3%), and ice hockey and handball (2%). Risk factors for acute adductor injury were previous acute groin injury, adductor weakness compared with the uninjured side, any injury in the previous season, and reduced rotational hip range of motion. The frequency of complete adductor muscle tears on magnetic resonance imaging was 21% to 25%. For complete adductor tears, the average time to return to play was 8.9 weeks in patients treated nonoperatively and 14.2 weeks for patients treated surgically. Greater stump retraction was observed in individuals treated surgically. Partial acute adductor tears were treated nonoperatively with physical therapy in all studies in the present systematic review. The average time to return to play was 1 to 6.9 weeks depending on the injury grade. The efficacy of adductor strengthening on preventing acute adductor tears has controversial results in the literature.

Conclusion:

Athletes with partial adductor injuries returned to play 1 to 7 weeks after injury with physical therapy treatment. Nonoperative or surgical treatment is an acceptable option for complete adductor longus tendon tear.
A retrospective comparison between laparoscopic and open ureteroneocystostomy for management of benign lower ureteral strictures: An experience in tertiary care centre of Eastern India
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Tadha Ajaykumar Dhirubhai , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

The objective is to discover the etiopathogenesis of benign lower ureteric stricture in Eastern India and compare the outcome of open versus laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy.

Materials and methods:

Retrospectively 52 patients who underwent laparoscopic ( n = 28) or open ureteroneocystostomy ( n = 24) for lower ureteral stricture between January 2018and December 2021 were included. The demography, aetiology, radiologic imaging, intraoperative & postoperative outcomes and follow-up data were collected and analysed.

Results:

The mean duration of follow up was 14.3 months. Lower ureteric stricture were common in females. The most common cause of the stricture was iatrogenic injury (42%). Other causes were tuberculosis, post-endourological surgery, obstructing mega ureter, endometriosis and idiopathic. Laparoscopic surgery had longer mean operative time (228 vs 171 min), less blood loss (166 vs 246 ml), lower VAS score (6.1 vs 7.22) and less need of post-operative analgesia (1.86 vs 2.36 days). The hospital stay (5.36 vs 6.77 days) and post-operative complications (none vs 3) were also significantly lower in laparoscopic group. Open surgery and laparoscopic surgery had success rate of 100% and 96.6% each.

Conclusions:

Iatrogenic injury are the most common cause of ureteric stricture followed by tuberculosis. Laparoscopic approach is a feasible option in treatment of lower ureteric stricture as it offer comparable outcome to open procedure while offering the advantage of a minimal invasive technique. Stricture secondary to iatrogenic injury poses a different challenge due to presence of hard dense fibrosis. This is a complex reconstructive procedure and has a steep learning curve and demands high level of laparoscopic skill.
Exploring the Impact of Women’s Representation on the Professional Careers of Women of Color
Authors: Abulbasal Rana , Glass Christy , Marquez-Velarde Guadalupe , Martinez-Cola Marisela
Published: January 2023

While existing approaches to workplace stratification illuminate how relational and demographic processes impact workplace inequalities, little research has sought to disaggregate the experiences of professional women at the intersection of race and ethnicity. This study explores how workplace demography intersects with relationships among women to shape the experiences of women of color in professional careers. Relying on a mixed methods study of barriers to advancement among women lawyers, we find that the presence of women in an organization has little to no effect on the token pressures women of color experience in predominantly White-male organizations. We conclude increasing women’s overall representation is necessary but insufficient for addressing the challenges women of color face navigating professional careers.
Has COVID-19 Been the Great Leveler? The Changing Use of Intergenerational Digital Communications Amongst Older People in England During the Pandemic
Authors: Vlachantoni Athina , Falkingham Jane , Evandrou Maria , Qin Min
Published: January 2023

This research examines patterns of intergenerational digital contact before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in England, using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) Wave nine and the first Wave of the ELSA COVID-19 Sub-study. Multivariate binary logistic regressions were applied to assess the determinants of frequent intergenerational digital communication. The findings indicate that when the pandemic began, many older persons shifted towards more frequent intergenerational digital contact, but a small minority shifted away. As a result, the pre-existing gender gap amongst older people in the use of digital communication technology narrowed, as did the disparity associated with family relationship closeness. However, pre-pandemic gaps in the intergenerational digital connection between internet users and non-users widened during the pandemic. Overall, the results suggest that the pandemic resulted in more frequent digitally-mediated social interactions within the family, which may strengthen ties between older and younger family members.