bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) hybrids grown by SRI method with and without plant growth promoting rhizobacteria
Authors: R.L. CHOUDHARY  , DINESH KUMAR  , Y.S. SHIVAY  , ANJALI ANAND  , LATA NAIN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during kharif 2007 to assess the performance of six rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids (KRH 2, Arize 6444, PHB 71, Indam 100-001, PRH 10 and Indam 100-003) with and without inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense CD 4, Bacillus subtilis RP 24 and control), grown by system of rice intensification (SRI) method. Hy- brid PHB 71 recorded the highest surface area, diameter and volume of roots. Highest grain yield was recorded in KRH 2, which was at par with Arize 6444 and PHB 71, but significantly higher than Indam 100-003, PRH 10 and Indam 100-001. Inoculation of rice seedlings with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria had a favourable effect on root growth, yield and quality of rice hybrids. Inoculation of rice with Azosprillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis improved all quality parameters, viz. hulling, milling, head rice recovery and protein content significantly over the control.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays)
Authors: EKTA JOSHI  , V. NEPALIA  , ARVIND VERMA  , DILIP SINGH
Published: December 2023

The experiment was conducted at instructional farm of the Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, productivity and economics of maize (Zea mays L.) variety PEHM 2. The crop produced significantly higher number and weight/cob of grains, test weight and grain and stover yields with conjoin application of recommended dose of NPK + 10 t FYM/ha com- pared to either inorganic fertilizer alone or organic sources or 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers. Application of recommended dose of NPK along with seed inoculation of Azotobacter resulted in higher net returns and B:C ratio of maize crop.
Effect of zinc levels and incubation with cow dung on yield and zinc uptake by soybean (Glycine max)wheat (Triticum aestivum) sequence in Vertisols
Authors: Y. UIKE  , P.S. KULHARE  , G.D. SHARMA  , R.K. THAKUR  , B. YADAV
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted in Vertisols of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur during 2007-2008 to study the direct effect of Zn levels (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 kg/ha) alone and the Zn levels incubated with 200 kg cow dung/ha on yield of soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merrill} JS93 05 and the residual effect on wheat {Triti- cum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori and Paol} GW 273. Application of 5 kg Zn alone and 5 kg Zn + 200 kg cow dung in soybean significantly increased the Zn uptake (181.9 g/ha), grain (1.71 t/ha) and stover (2.36 t/ha) yields over control. Zn uptake and wheat grain yield significantly increased with the residual effect of 2.5 and 5 kg Zn over control. The findings further, revealed that the 5 kg Zn alone and incubated with cowdung was found beneficial for yield, uptake and Zn availability under soybeanwheat cropping system in Vertisols.
Effect of site-specific nutrient management on productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa)wheat (Tritucum aestivum) system
Authors: A.K. MAURIYA  , V.K. MAURYA  , H.P. TRIPATHI  , R.K. VERMA  , RADHEY SHYAM
Published: December 2023

A field study was conducted during two consecutive years 2006-08, to evaluate the response of site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) on productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend Fiori and Paol} cropping system. The total productivity of the cropping system in terms of rice yield equivalent (14.8 t/ha/annum) was the highest with the application of SSNM treatment i.e. N P K S B Mn Zn 150 60 120 40 5 20 25 in rice and N P K in wheat, which was 66.4% higher over farmers practice and 28.2% over state recom- 150 60 120 mended practice. All the yield attributing characters as well as yield of both rice and wheat showed beneficial ef- fects of site-specific nutrient management. Highest net returns of 67,033/ha/annum obtained with SSNM treat- ment, which was 31,681 and 16,905/ha/ annum higher over that of farmers practice and state recommended doses, respectively. Thus, nutrients in ricewheat cropping system may be applied on site-specific soil test basis including micronutrients along with major nutrients for higher productivity and profitability.
Productivity, economics and energetics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)-based cropping systems in mid-hills of northwest Himalaya
Authors: M.D. TUTI  , D. MAHANTA  , R. BHATTACHARYYA  , B.M. PANDEY  , J.K. BISHT  , J.C. BHATT
Published: December 2023

The study on system productivity, energy-use efficiency and economics of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp.]based cropping systems, viz., pigeonpeawheat {Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.}, pigeonpea barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pigeonpealentil {Lens culinaris (L.) Medicus, pigeonpeafield pea {Pisum sativum (L.), sensu lato} and pigeonpeatoria {Brassica rapa (L.) var. toria} with comparise to rice (Oryza sativa L.)wheat cropping system was carried out at the Hawalbagh experimental farm of Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand during 20072009, under rainfed conditions. Results showed that all the pigeonpeabased cropping systems were superior to traditional ricewheat cropping system in terms of sys- tem productivity, net returns, benefit:cost ratio and net energy returns. Pigeonpealentil cropping system proved superior in terms of system net returns ( 63,616/ha), benefit:cost ratio (1.64) and energy ratio (1.94) to pigeonpeawheat, pigeonpeabarley, pigeonpeafield pea and pigeonpeatoria cropping systems. Ricewheat cropping system recorded the lowest pigeonpeaequivalent yield (1.32 t/ha), net returns ( 2,750/ha) and benefit:cost ratio (0.06). Nutrient status of the soil improved significantly due to pigeonpealentil cropping system over other cropping systems. Pigeonpealentil cropping system proved to be the best in terms of monetary re- turns, net energy return and soil productivity and hence, could be adopted in the north-west Himalayas under rainfed conditions.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on the performance of sole and intercropped pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under rainfed conditions
Authors: NARENDRA KUMAWAT  , RAJENDRA PRASAD SINGH  , RAKESH KUMAR  , HARI OM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of crop years (July-June) 2008-09 and 2009-10 at Varanasi to find out the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on the growth, yield, economics, nutrient uptake and balance sheet of sole and intercropped of pigeonpea {Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.} and blackgram {Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper} in 1:1 normal planting (60 cm spacing) and 2:2 paired row planting (40/80 cm). Inter- cropping system had significant effect on gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio and monetary advantage index (MAI), total uptake of N,P,K,S and Zn, when compared to sole pigeonpea. Higher values of gross returns, net re- turns, B:C ratio and MAI were recorded under normal intercropping system followed by paired intercropping sys- tem. Significantly higher values of total uptake (N,P,K,S and Zn) was recorded under sole pigeonpea. The lowest negative value of actual gain of S and Zn was recorded under paired intercropping. Among the integrated nutrient management, application of 100% RDF + 50% of RDN through vermicompost + 5 kg Zn/ha gave significantly higher growth and yield attributes, grain yield, gross returns, net returns, B:C ratio, MAI and total uptake (NPKS and Zn) of both crops. The lowest N/P/K/S efficiency ratio and physiological efficiency index of cropping systems were recorded under application of 100% RDF + 50% NVC + 5 kg Zn/ha followed by 50% RDF + 100% NVC + 5 kg Zn/ha. Application of 100% RDF + 50% NVC + 5 kg Zn/ha recorded significantly higher total uptake and avail- able soil S and Zn after harvest of crop. Maximum negative value of actual gain of S and Zn was also recorded with the application of 100% RDF + 50% NVC + 5 kg Zn/ha.
Response of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties to nitrogen under aerobic and flooded conditions
Authors: M. MALLAREDDY  , B. PADMAJA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil of Central Telangana Zone of Andhra Pradesh dur- ing rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 to compare the performance of popular rice ( Oryza sativa L.) varieties, viz. MTU 1001, WGL 32100, WGL 14 and WGL 3825 (check) under aerobic and flooded methods of water man- agement and their response to levels of nitrogen viz. 120. 180 and 240 kg/ha. Cultivation of rice with aerobic method (3.49 t/ha) resulted in 29% yield reduction compared with flooded method (4.93 t/ha). Among the yield at- tributes, filled spikelets/panicle were significantly affected under aerobic method, while panicles/m2, test weight and harvest index were not influenced by the method of water management. WGL 32100 gave highest grain yield under aerobic (3.94 t/ha) with the least yield reduction (17%) compared to flooded method, while yield gap was high (40%) in MTU 1001. The water-use efficiency was highest with WGL 32100 and aerobic method (3.4 kg/ha- mm), while flooded method showed more nitrogen-use efficiency (33.5 kg grain/kg nitrogen), and nitrogen uptake (76 kg/ha). Higher net returns ( 26,300/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.11) were realized with flood irrigated method. Application of 240 kg N/ha resulted in better yield attributes, increased yield (4.50 t/ha), N uptake (72 kg/ha), wa- ter-use efficiency (3.0 kg/ha-mm), net returns ( 23,062/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.21), whereas, the nitrogen- use efficiency was superior with 120 kg N/ha (32.5 kg grain/kg nitrogen) both under aerobic and flood irrigated conditions.
Effect of establishment methods and nitrogen levels on basmati rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: JAGJOT SINGH GILL  , SOHAN SINGH WALIA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy ( kharif) season 2010 and 2011 at the Punjab Agricultural
Soil analogy for making varietal and fertilizer recommendations for rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars in Brahmaputra valley of Asom
Authors: DHARAM SINGH  , B.P. BHASKAR  , U. BARUAH  , DIPAK SARKAR
Published: December 2023

On farm experimental trials were conducted in 4 dominant soil series, namely Lahangaon series (Aeric Fluvaquents), Bhogdai series (Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts), Matikhola series (Typic Endoaquepts) and Teok series (Typic Endoaquepts), of Jorhat district with an objective of evaluating the performance of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cul- tivars, viz. Basundhara and Satyaranjan under recommended package of practices (RPP) as well as farmers practice (FP) during 200507. The results showed major soils constraints are such as coarse texture coupled with poor water management and suboptimal available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), cation-ex- change capacity (CEC) and excessive iron (Fe2+) uptake or (bronzing or yellowing symptoms). The rice cultivar Basundhara performed better than Satyarajan under RPP as well as under farmers practices in all the 4 analo- gous soil series of Brahmaputra valley of Asom. Similarly, application of NPK in RPP recorded a good response of rice in all the four series and left significantly more available NPK in soil after the rice harvest.
Sustainable nutrient management in jhum rice (Oryza sativa) under bush-fallow agriculture
Authors: JAMKHOGIN LHUNGDIM  , S.K. CHONGTHAM  , P.S. MARIAM ANAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy ( kharif) seasons of 2008 and 2009 at a jhum field in a north- , eastern state of Manipur with a local rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivar locally known as Chang-ngat. Application of a low dose of fertilizers (25 kg N, 20 kg P O , 12.5 kg K O/ha) in conjunction with rice husk ash (RHA) @15 t/ha) re- 2 5 2 sulted in optimum productivity and higher net returns,
Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to rice (Oryza sativa) residue and weed- management practices
Authors: B.L. MEENA  , R.K. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter seasons of 200911 at Varanasi, to evaluate the effect of rice ( Or yza sativa L.) residue management practices and weed-control measures on the weed infestation and wheat [ Tr iticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] yield. Treatments included application of sulfosulfuron alone and tank-mix sulfosulfuron 25g/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha and isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha. Rice resi- due mulching treatment reduced weeds density and dry weight, resulting in 19.4 % and 11.1% higher yield over rice residue retained and residue incorporated treatment respectively. Application of sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha recorded 9.6% and 2.7% higher yield over sulfosulfuron at 25 g/ha and isoproturon 1.0 kg/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha respectively. It was concluded that rice residue mulching management was the best among the given residue management practices and tank-mix sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha + metsulfuron 4 g/ha was better among the herbicides in terms of weed growth reduction and increased wheat yield.
Weed management in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum) through tank mix herbicides in Malwa Plateau of Central India
Authors: TEEKAM SINGH
Published: December 2023

An on-farm trial was conducted during the winter ( rabi) seasons of 201011 and 201112 at five farmers field, to validate, refine and popularize the technology developed at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur, for managing weeds in wheat [ Tr iticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] crop. Effective- ness of isoproturon @ 1.0 kg ai/ha and tank-mix application of metsulfuron-methyl with clodinafop @ 60 g ai/ha and sulfosulfuron @ 25 g ai/ha over farmers practice (2,4 D @ 0.75 kg ai/ha) was studied on weed growth and profitability of wheat. Tank-mix application of metsulfuron-methyl @ 4 g ai/ha with clodinafop and sulfosulfuron at 35 days after sowing significantly reduced the weed density and resulted in respectively 26.2% and 18.9% higher grain yield, net returns ( 12,997 and 9,436), benefit: cost ratio (0.54 and 0.39) and energy output (27,077 MJ and 20,775 MJ) higher over farmers practice.
Effect of weed control and sulphur on productivity of quality protein maize (Zea mays), dynamics of associated weeds and relative nutrient uptake
Authors: POONAM CHOUDHARY  , V. NEPALIA  , DILIP SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy ( kharif) seasons of 2009 and 2010 at Udaipur, to study the
Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and nutrient uptake in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: M.K. JAT  , H.S. PUROHIT  , BAHADUR SINGH  , R.S. GARHWAL  , MUKESH CHOUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy ( kharif) season of 2010 and 2011 at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and nutrient uptake in sor- ghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Two levels of farmyard manure (FYM) (0 and 10 tonnes/ha), four fertility lev- els based on soil test recommendation (0%, 50%, 75% and 100% NPK) and four biofertilizers (No inoculation, Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and dual inoculation of Azotobacter + PSB) were compared. Application of 10 tonnes FYM/ha significantly increased grain (27.7, 28.3%) and stover (11.3, 12.9%) yields during both the years and as well as nutrient content (NPK) and their uptake over the control. Significant enhancement in grain (26.8 and 28.5%) and stover (11.9 and 13.0%) yields were observed with the application Azotobacter + PSB over no inoculation. Application of 100 % NPK increased grain (45.3 and 44.6%), stover (12.2 and 12.3%) yields and harvest index (22.9%) over the control. Improvement in N,P and K content and their uptake in grain (61.6, 15.3 and 22.0%) and stover (84.7, 29.9 and 243.2%) were also noticed with 100% NPK over control.
Productivity, profitability and livelihood improvement through integrated farming system for new alluvial zone of West Bengal
Authors: A.M. PUSTE  , TANUJ K. MANDAL  , M. DASGUPTA  , T.K. MAITY
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during 200809 to 201011 on farmers field utilizing aqua-terrestrial ecosystem situ- ated under new alluvial zone of West Bengal, to find out the productivity and profitability of the integrated farming system especially effective for small and marginal farmers. Experiment comprised 11 enterprises, of which 5 sole system of crops and fishes and 6 treatments of integration of deep-water rice ( Oryza sativa L.), underutilized aquatic food crops, water chestnut or singhara ( Trapa bispinosa Roxb.) and foxnut or makhana ( Euryale ferox Salisb.) and fish variables (mixture of carp and air-breathing live-fishes) under aquatic, ducks ( Khaki campbell) in semi-aquatic and vegetables/other perennial tree plantations under arable land was carried out on 1.0 ha area. All the enterprize combinations were productive and profitable than that of sole system either aquatic crop or fishes individually. In these enterprizing combinations it not only led to higher productivity but also generated more in- come and employment opportunity sustainable for livelihood security including improvement of fertility status of pond-bottom soil. Maximum benefits were obtained from integrated farming system, where foxnut or makhana combined with live fisheries in aquatic including other variables practiced under adjacent arable lands, while lower values exhibited with deep-water rice integrated with carp-fishes. Among the sole system, foxnut or makhana and live fisheries performed better. Besides integration of fishes, duckery was found to be a good alternative farming system, especially for development of women empowerment in the areas.
Integrated weed management in rainy season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: H.R. PRIYA  , V.S. KUBSAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy season of 2011 and 2012 in Vertisols at Dharwad, Karnataka, to develop integrated weed management for hybrid sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] with pre- emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, post-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.75 kg/ha, 2, 4-D @ 0.5 kg/ha, metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g and 6 g/ha, intercultivation and hand-weeding. The maximum average grain yield (4.42 t/ha) was recorded with pre-emergence application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha, followed by post-emer- gence application of 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha at 20 days after sowing and interculturing at 30 days after sowing, which was at par with weed free treatment and increased the yield by 39.8% over weedy check and 6.5% over farmers practice. The higher grain yield may be owing to significantly lower weed dry weight, higher weed-control effi- ciency and higher nutrient uptake by sorghum which reflected in higher values of grain weight/ear, ear length and 1,000-grain weight. In weedy check, weeds removed 20.5 kg N/ha, 14.9 kg P/ha and 22.3 kg K/ha, being higher than rest of the weed-management practices. Maximum net returns ( 29,530/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.43) were realized with atrazine @ 0.5 kg/ha (PE), followed by 2, 4-D @ 0.75 kg/ha (PoE) at 20 days after sowing and intercultivation at 30 days after sowing.
Yield, nutrient uptake and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) genotypes under nutrient supply levels in dryland Alfisols of Karnataka
Authors: M.R. UMESH  , M.A. SHANKAR  , N. ANANDA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Bengaluru to study the impact of graded levels of nutrients on yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economic returns of pigeonpea { Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.} genotypes during kharif 2006 and 2007. Experiment was laid out in factorial RCBD design in which fifteen NPK combinations along with or without zinc and sulphur were tested on TTB 7 and BRG 2 pigeonpea genotypes. Significant increase in grain (1.76t/ha) and stalk yields (5.86 t/ha) of pigeonpea was recorded after application of 50, 75 and 100 kg NPK/ha along with common dose of Zn (12.5 kg/ha) and S (10 kg/ha). The increase in grain yield was attributed to im- provement in number of pods/plant, test weight and grain yield/plant. Combined nutrient uptake by grain and stalk was significantly higher in 50, 100 and 75 kg NPK along with Zn and S as compared to individual application. In- teraction effect of pigeonpea genotypes and fertilizer levels was significant on seed yield and nutrient uptake. Higher yield has resulted in higher net income (25.52 103 /ha) and B: C ratio (3.21) over other treatment combi- nations. The results showed that application of 50:100:75:10:12.5 kg N:P:K:S:Zn /ha is essential for obtaining high grain yield as well as net returns of pigeonpea variety BRG 2.
Increased production in mungbean (Vigna radiata) through nutrient management and utilization of residual soil productivity for raising succeeding crop
Authors: N.C. BANIK  , KAJAL SENGUPTA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the autumn and summer seasons of 200809 and 200910 at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia to find out the best nutrient management for mungbean [ Vigna
Performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under different levels of sulphur and irrigation
Authors: A.K. DASH  , B.R. NAYAK  , N. PANIGRAHY  , S. MOHAPATRA  , P.K. SAMANT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted on rice ( Or yza sativa L.)groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cropping system during 2009, 2010 and 2011 at Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha to study the interaction effect of irrigation and sul- phur on growth and pod yield of groundnut Smruti. The experiment was conducted in spilt plot design with three ir- rigation schedules viz. irrigation water : cumulative pan evaporation (IW:CPE) ratio of 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0, in the main plots and 4 levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg/ha) in the subplots. Phosphogypsum (18% S) was used as source of sulphur. Pooled mean pod yield of 3 years indicated that the highest pod yield of 1.80 t/ha was observed with ap- plication of 20 kg S/ha irrespective of irrigation schedules. From the response quadratic curve, the economic high- est pod yield of 1.82 t/ha was calculated with 34 kg S/ha. The mean oil content increased with increased dose of sulphur and was highest (47.90%) with 60 kg S/ha. The highest mean sulphur use-efficiency was recorded with 20 kg S/ha and it was reduced with increased dose of sulphur. The highest pod yield of groundnut was observed with IW:CPE of 0.8, irrespective of sulphur doses, whereas the highest water-use efficiency of 4.32 kg/ha-mm was ob- served with IW:CPE of 0.6 and gradually decreased with higher irrigation schedule. The highest gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio of 68,400, 42,500 and 2.64, respectively, were achieved with application of 20 kg
Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur fertilization on productivity, nutrient-use efficiency and economics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) under late-sown condition
Authors: RAJESH KUMAR SINGH  , AMITESH KUMAR SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Varanasi during winter ( rabi) seasons of 200910 and 201011 to study
Growth and yield of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) as influenced by weed management and nitrogen levels
Authors: S.S. YADAV  , INDRA CHOUDHARY  , L.R. YADAV  , G.L. KESHWA
Published: December 2023

A field study was carried out during winter ( rabi) season of 200708 and 200809 at Jobner, Rajasthan to evaluate the effect of weed-management treatments and nitrogen levels on weed-control efficiency and growth, yield and economics of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.). Two hand-weedings done 20 and 40 days after sowing and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha + hand-weeding at 40 days after sowing were the most effective in reducing the density and dry weight of weeds and improving the weed-control efficiency. Oxadiargyl at 0.06 kg/ha + hand-weed- ing at 40 days after sowing represented the lowest weed density and controlled the weeds to the extent of 94.9%. Two hand-weedings done at 20 and 40 days after sowing recorded the highest plant height, umbels/plant and test weight. It also provided the maximum seed and straw yields (1.37 and 2.58 t/ha) of coriander that were 164.7 and 116.9% more than unweeded control respectively. Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha + hand-weeding at 40 days after sowing was also found equally effective in increasing the growth and yield attributes as well as yield. The highest number of branches/plant, dry matter, umbellets and seeds/umbel were obtained under this treatment. It provided the seed and straw yields of 1.36 and 2.56 t/ha, respectively, indicating an increase of 162.5 and 116.9% than unweeded control. It also recorded the highest harvest index (35.01%) and lowest weed competition index (0.73%) among all the treatments. Providing seed yields of 1.20 and 1.17 t/ha with weed competition indices of 12.3 and 14.4%, 1 hand-weeding at 20 days after sowing and pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha were the next better and statisti- cally similar treatments. The highest net returns ( 55,841/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.39) were obtained with 2 hand-weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing treatment. Pendimethalin at 1.0 kg/ha + hand-weeding at 40 days after sowing was found at par with hand-weeding twice fetching net returns of 54,308 and benefit: cost ratio of 2.3. Application of 75 kg N/ha significantly increased the growth and yield of coriander over preceding levels. It en- hanced the seed yield of coriander to the extent of 11.9, 32.7 and 84.3% over 50 and 25 kg N/ha and control re- spectively. This level of N also maximized the net returns ( 54,412/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.35).
Effect of organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizers on production potential and energy budgeting of rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping systems
Authors: S.K. YADAV  , SUBHASH BABU  , Y. SINGH  , G.S. YADAV  , KALYAN SINGH  , RAGHAVENDRA SINGH  , HARVIR SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 200506 and 200607 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to find out the ef- fect of organic nitrogen sources and biofertilizers on system productivity and energy budgeting of rice ( Oryza sa- . tiva L )-based cropping system. Ricepotato [ Solanum tubersoum (L.)]onion [ Allium cepa (L.)] system recorded significantly higher production efficiency (97.5 kg/ha/day), land-utilization efficiency (91.4%), economic efficiency ( 738/ha/day), energy input (61.08103MJ/ha) and energy output (187.09103MJ/ha). The lowest (39.4 103MJ/ ha) energy intensiveness was recorded in ricetable pea ( Pisum sativum var. hor tense)cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] cropping system. However, the organic nutrition with biofertilizers ( Azotobacter and phos- phate-solubilizing bacteria) had the highest rice-equivalent grain yield (35.3 t/ha), production efficiency (96.7kg/ha/ day), land utilization efficiency (89.8%), economic efficiency (803 ha/day) and energy-use efficiency (3.15) of sys- tem, followed by organic nitrogen sources alone (3.0). Recommended dose of N @100% through organic nitrogen sources alone was the next best treatment resulting in higher productivity and system efficiency. Rice-potato-on- ion cropping system was found most productive, profitable and energy efficient with application of 100% recom- mended dose of nitrogen through organic sources along with biofertilizers.
Productivity of fodder oat (Avena sativa) under different sowing times, fertility levels and cutting management in temperate environment
Authors: INTIKHAB AALUM JEHANGIR  , H.U. KHAN  , T. MUBARAK  , S. SHERAZ MAHDI  , FAISAL UR  RASOOL
Published: December 2023

In Jammu and Kashmir there is acute shortage of fodder for livestock husbandry particularly during winter. To improve the productivity of animals availability of adequate quantity of nutritive fodder is a prerequisite. An experi- ment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) seasons of 200910 and 201112 at Srinagar on silty clay loam soil, to study the effect of different sowing times, fertility levels and cutting management on fodder production potential of oat ( Avena sativa L.). The treatments consisted of 3 sowing dates, viz. 20 September, 30 September and 10 Oc- tober; 3 fertility levels, viz. 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K, 125 kg N + 26.4 kg P + 24.9 kg K and 100 kg N + 22 kg P + 16.6 kg K/ha; and 2 cutting management, viz. single cut at 50% flowering and double cut on 15 December and 50% flowering stage. Highest green fodder (37.3 t/ha) and dry-fodder yield (10.2 t/ha) were recorded with 30 September sown crop, which was at par with crop sown on 20 September. Net returns ( 33,858/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.96) were higher with crop sown on 30 September. Application of 150 kg N + 30.8 kg P + 33.3 kg K/ha recorded significantly higher green fodder (36.2 t/ha) and dry fodder yield (10.2 t/ha). Net returns ( 32,990/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.83) also improved with this treatment. Among cutting management practices, double cut recorded significantly higher green and dry fodder yields than single-cut practice. Double-cut practice registered higher net returns ( 30,634/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.7).
Effect of dates of sowing and fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in an Inceptisol of Varanasi
Authors: LOKESH KUMAR JAT  , S.K. SINGH  , A.M. LATARE  , R.S. SINGH  , C.B. PATEL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) season 201011 at Agricultural Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of sowing dates and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.]. Sowing dates and fertilizer levels significantly affected the number of tillers, plant height, dry-matter accumulation, ear weight, ear length, grains/ear, 1,000-grain weight, grain and straw yield. Grain yield decreased with delay in the sowing dates. Maximum grain yield (3.66 t/ha) was recorded when the crop was sown on 20 November and the minimum (3.17 t/ha) when sown on 23 December.
Effect of weed control measures on weeds, nodulation, growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata)
Authors: PANCH RAM MIRJHA  , S.K. PRASAD  , M.K. SINGH  , RAM HARI PAIKRA  , SURYAKANT PATEL  , MITHU MAJUMDAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during the rainy ( kharif) season of 2009, to study the effect of different weed-control measures on mungbean { Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek}. Weed-control treatments significantly increased the grain yield of mungbean over weedy check. Weedy condition for the entire crop season reduced the grain yield by 40.4% (0.589 tonnes/ha) compared to hand-weeding (HW) twice at 20 and 40 days af- ter sowing (0.989 tonnes/ha). Hand-weeding at 20 and 40 days after sowing (DAS) also recorded maximum num- ber of branches/plant, weed-control efficiency, shoot dry weight/plant, nodules number and dry weight/plant fol- lowed by post emergence (PoE) application of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 50 g/ha + chlorimuron-ethyl 4 g/ha. Highest benefit: cost ratio was obtained with the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 50 g/ha + chlorimuron-ethyl 4 g/ha (PoE).
Growth and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata) under foliar application of panchgavya and leaf extracts of endemic plants
Authors: PRAKASH YADAV  , A.K. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy ( khar if) season of 2011, under irrigated condition, at Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of foliar applied panchgavya with and without mixing leaf extracts of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) and parthenium ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in 1:1 ratio on the growth, yield and
Effect of weed-control measures on yield, weed control, economics and energetics of rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system
Authors: R.B. TIWARI  , T.D. PANDEY  , GEET SHARMA  , N.K. CHAURE
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during 201011 and 201112 at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, to assess the effect of weed-control measures on grain yield, weed control efficiency (WCE) and economics of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)- wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol.] cropping system. Application of pyrazosalfuron @ 0.02 kg/ha as pre-emergence + fenoxoprop-p-ethyl @ 0.06 kg/ha (25 days after sowing) as post-emergence resulted in sig- nificantly higher grain yield (5.7 t/ha), weed-control efficiency (76.3%) and net returns ( 41,800/ha) over other weed-management practices adopted in rice. In case of wheat, the highest grain yield (5.5 t/ha), net returns ( 36,200/ha) and weed-control efficiency (89.6%) was obtained with the application of sulfosulfuron @ 0.025 kg/ ha (25 days after sowing) as post-emergence. The highest energy productivity (0.426 kg/MJ) was observed due to application of pyrazosulfuron as pre-emergence and fenoxoprop as post emergence in rice, while in case of wheat the highest energy productivity (0.490 kg/MJ) was recorded with application of sulfosulfuron applied as post emer- gence over the other weed-management treatments.
Effect of double no-till and permanent raised beds on productivity, profitability and physical properties of soil in maize (Zea mays)wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system under Indo-Gangetic plains of India
Authors: SEEMA SEPAT  , D.S. RANA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi on sandy loam soil dur- ing 2010 to 2012 to study the effect of tillage and crop establishment techniques, and residue management on maize ( Zea mays L.)wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol] cropping system. Results indicated that permanent beds with residue retention (PB+R) and fresh beds with crop residue incorporation (FB+R) were found comparable with respect to yield and yield attributes both in maize and wheat. FB+R recorded 25.0 and 8.3 % higher grain yield of maize and wheat, respectively compared to conventional tillflat (CTF). Likewise, PB+R gave 25.0 and 28.6% higher grain yield of maize and wheat, respectively over CT F. Further, PB+R gave 3.5% higher system productivity compared to FB+R. PB+R gave the highest net returns of maize (39.2 103 /ha), wheat (50.5 103 /ha) and the cropping system (89.7 103 /ha) followed by FB+R and zero till flat with residue retention (ZTF+R). At upper soil surface (010 cm), lowest bulk density and soil penetration resistance was ob- served in FB+R followed by PB+R. Among all the tillage, crop establishment, and residue management tech- niques, ZTF+R gave lowest yield and yield attributes, and recorded highest bulk density in upper soil surface.
Influence of integrated nutrient management on carbon sequestration and its relationship with productivity of pearlmillet (Pennisetum glaucum)-mustard (Brassica juncea) cropping sequence
Authors: PRIYADARSHANI A. KHAMBALKAR  , P.S. TOMAR  , S.K.VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted from rainy ( kharif) season of 201011 to winter ( rabi) season of 201112 un- der pearlmillet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. stuntz]-mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. Cosson] se- quence cropping at Gwalior to evaluate the impact of different levels of N,P and K alone or in combination with farmyard manure (FYM) and/or biofertilizers on total carbon sequestration (TCS ) and dynamics of various pools Q of oxidizable organic carbon in relation to crop productivity. The experiment having 16 fertility treatments with 3 replications was conducted in randomized block design. The highest (0.93 Mg/ha) build up of very labile carbon (C ) was recorded in 100% recommended dose of NPK + FYM @10 t/ha/year. The treatment 100% RDNPK + VL FYM @10 t/ha/year + Azotobacter + PSB showed regular build up of C (0.54 Mg/ha), non-labile carbon (C ; 0.57 VL NL Mg/ha) and maintained labile carbon pool (C ). Both treatments were dominant contributors (54 and 58%) to active L pool (ACT) over the passive pool (PSV) and provided the highest value of active : passive pool ratio (1.35 and 1.17), respectively, over sub-optimal dose, imbalanced fertility treatments and control. The change in less-labile carbon (CL) pool was not identical. Higher contribution to passive pool (PSV) in total organic carbon (TOC) was recorded for the control (80%), followed by imbalanced fertility treatments 100% N alone (70%) and 100% NP (71%). The continuous supply of optimal dose of N,P and K and/or biofertilizers in combination with FYM @10 t/ ha/year, and super-optimal dose (150% RDNPK) treatments showed dissolution of carbonates (CaCO ) as soil in- 3 organic carbon (SIC) and regular build up of TOC, crop biomass carbon (CBC) and TCS of system over the con- Q trol, suboptimal dose and imbalanced fertility treatments. The combined use of optimal dose of chemical fertilizers, FYM @10 t/ha/year and biofertilizers significantly increased seed and straw yields of pearlmillet and mustard, re- spectively over other fertility treatments and control. The highly significant and positive correlation of total produc- tivity was observed with pearlmillet-equivalent yield, TOC, C , C and ACT and negative with C , while moder- VL LL NL ately positive significant correlation was observed with C and negative with PSV and SIC. L
Comparative effect of irrigation systems and nitrogen fertigation on growth, productivity and water use efficiency of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) under semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan
Authors: S.S. RATHORE  , KAPILA SHEKHAWAT  , O.P. PREMI  , B.K. KANDPAL  , J.S. CHAUHAN
Published: December 2023

An experiment on standardization of micro-irrigation and fertigation methods for Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) cernj. & Cosson] crop under semi-arid conditions of Rajasthan was undertaken during the winter ( rabi) seasons of 200910 and 201011. The treatments consisted of 5 irrigation systems in main plot, viz. micro-sprin- kler system (MS), micro sprinkler followed by check basin (MS+CB), drip irrigation system, drip system followed by check basin (DS+CB) and check basin (CB) alone. In sub-plots, 4 treatments of N doses, viz. control (0 kg/ha N), 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha, were taken. Pressurized irrigation through micro-sprinkler, drip system and their combina- tion with check basin method resulted in significantly higher growth attributes like plant height, above-ground dry matter and chlorophyll concentration than check basin alone. Similar trend was observed for biological, seed and oil yields. Other parameters like water-use efficiency and production efficiency were the highest under pressurized irrigation systems. Among the sub-plots, growth parameters and yield attributes improved with increasing dose of nitrogen up to 120 kg/ha. The enhanced yield under 120 kg N/ha also resulted in higher production efficiency and water-use efficiency.
Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in arid zone of Rajasthan
Authors: AMIT KUMAWAT  , B.L. PAREEK  , R.S. YADAV  , P.S. RATHORE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) seasons of 200910 and 201011 to study the effect of farmyard manure (FYM) and nutrients on growth, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Treatments consisted of 3 levels each of FYM (0, 10 and 20 t FYM/ha) and nutrients (0, 40 kg N + 20 Kg P O and 80 kg N + 40 Kg P O /ha) were evaluated thrice in a factorial randomized block de- 2 5 2 5 sign. The plant height, dry matter accumulation, primary and secondary branches/plant, chlorophyll content in fresh leaves, siliquae/plant, seeds/siliqua, 1,000-seed weight and seed and stover yields were significantly higher under incorporation of 20 t FYM/ha over 10 t FYM/ha. Plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, siliquae/plant, seeds/siliqua, 1,000-seed weight, seed and stover yield, nutrient uptake, oil content and oil yield in- creased significantly up to 80 kg N + 40 Kg P O /ha. 2 5
Yield, water, radiation and nitrogen use efficiencies of wheat (Triticum aestivum ) as influenced by nitrogen levels in a semi-arid environment
Authors: S. PRADHAN  , V.K. SEHGAL  , R.N. SAHOO  , K.K. BANDYOPADHYAY  , RAVENDER SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) season of 200910 and 201011 on a sandy-loam soil in New Delhi, to study the effect of nitrogen levels on the water, radiation and nitrogen-use efficiencies of wheat [ Tr iticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori. & Paol.] cultivars. The treatments comprising 2 wheat cultivars (PBW 502 and DBW 17) and 3 nitrogen levels (N : 0kg N/ha, N : 60 kg N/ha and N : 120 kg N/ha) were laid out in fac- 0 60 120 torial randomized block design (RBD). Both cultivars were statistically at par for grain yield, above-ground biomass yield, water-use efficiency (WUE) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE). Treatments N registered 71% and 25% 120 higher grain yield than N and N treatments respectively. Water-use efficiency (WUE) of N (9.92 kg/ha/mm) was 0 60 120 significantly highest, followed by N (8.40 kg/ha/mm) and N (6.56 kg/ha/mm) treatments. Similarly, radiation-use 60 0 efficiency (RUE) of N (2.49 gm/MJ) was significantly higher than N (1.90 gm/MJ) and N (1.85 gm/MJ) treat- 120 60 0 ments. The partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) of the cultivar PBW 502 (48.96 kg grain/kg nitrogen ap- plied) was significantly higher than that of DBW 17 (42.23 kg grain/kg nitrogen applied). Nitrogen @ 60 kg/ha (N ) 60 showed significantly higher PFPN (56.08 kg grain/kg nitrogen applied) than N (35.10 kg grain/kg nitrogen ap- 120 plied) treatment. Therefore, cultivar PBW 502 or cultivar DBW 17 can be grown with 120 kg N/ha for obtaining higher grain yield, above ground biomass, WUE and RUE in the semi-arid tropical environment of Delhi region.
Effect of customized fertilizer on productivity and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: S.K. DWIVEDI  , M.R. MESHRAM
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during rainy ( kharif) season of 2011 and 2012 Raipur, Chhattisgarh, to study
Effect of application of post-emergence herbicides at different levels of available soil moisture content in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: VINAMARTA JAIN  , M.L. KEWAT  , NAMRATA JAIN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter ( rabi) season of 200809 and 200910 at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, to study the effect of post emergence herbicides (isoproturon @ 0.75 kg/ha, clodinafop @ 0.06 kg/ha and clodinafop followed by 2,4-D @ 0.5 kg/ha) against weeds under different available soil-moisture regimes (ASM) (100%, 95%, 90%, 85% and 80%) on weeds, nutrient depletion by weeds and uptake by crop and the grain yield and economics of wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]. Herbicidal application at 100% available soil moisture resulted in significantly lowest weed density and total dry weight of weeds during both the years and hence lowered the nutrient depletion by weeds and increased the uptake by the crop. The presence of 100% available soil moisture registered significantly higher grain yield of wheat (6.1 t/ha) and proved significantly supe- rior to 85 and 80% ASM. Post-emergence application of clodinafop followed by 2,4-D caused significantly lowest total weed density (7.8/m2) and dry weight (5.1 g/m2), which resulted in production of higher grain yield as well as net monetary returns over isoproturon, clodinafop and weedy check. Maximum benefit: cost ratio was obtained with 100% available soil moisture along with application of isoproturon.
Yield, quality and irrigation water-use efficiency in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) as influenced by pre-planting tillage and crop-establishment methods in tarai belt of Uttarakhand
Authors: LALIT KUMAR  , GURVINDER SINGH  , SUBHASH CHANDRA  , AMIT BHATNAGAR  , K.P. RAVERKAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to evaluate the effect of pre-planting tillage prac- tices and crop-establishment methods on summer sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) during 201213. Crop grown in the absence of pre-planting tillage gave 1.4 t/ha higher cane yield. It also resulted in marginally higher commercial cane sugar (CCS) and irrigation water-use efficiency compared to conventional tillage. Trench planting resulted in the maximum cane yield (90.8 t/ha) and CCS (10.7 t/ha). Irrigation water-use efficiency was found to be the maximum (5.20 t/ha-cm) in both dual row trench and pit planting methods.
Integrated nutrient management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in sub- tropical humid climate of North-East India
Authors: M. DATTA  , G.S. YADAV  , SANDIP CHAKRABORTY
Published: December 2023

An experiment was carried out at the ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, Tripura during 3 consecutive kharif seasons 20082010 to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on groundnut ( Ara- chis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications and 10 treatments, viz. T , control, T , 10 t FYM/ha; T , 50 kg P O /ha; T , 50 kg P O + 10 t FYM/ha; T , 50 kg P O + 50 kg K O/ha; T , 0 1 2 2 5 3 2 5 4 2 5 2 5 Rhizobium; T , 10 t FYM/ha + Rhizobium; T , 50 kg P O /ha + Rhizobium; T , 50 kg K O + 10 t FYM/ha and T , 50 6 7 2 5 8 2 9 kg P O + 50 kg K O/ha + Rhizobium. Application of Rhizobium culture in combination with 50 kg P O + 50 kg K O/ 2 5 2 2 5 2 ha resulted in the highest pod and seed weight/plant. The inoculation of Rhizobium culture along with 50 kg P O + 2 5 50 kg K O/ha showed 45% increment in pod yield (from 1.37 to 1.95 t/ha) over the control. The highest haulm yield 2 (3.57 t/ha) was obtained with FYM 10 t/ha, The lowest cost of cultivation and energy input were recorded with the control. However, significantly higher total returns ( 84,020/ha), net returns ( 58,447/ha), energy output (49.8 103 MJ/ha) and net energy (43.2 103 MJ/ha) were recorded with inoculation of groundnut seed with rhizobium culture along with soil application of 50 kg P O + 50 kg K O/ha. The highest benefit: cost ratio (3.52) was recorded 2 5 2 in plot, which was inoculated with rhizobium culture. Highest energy-use efficiency (7.50), energy productivity (0.30 kg pod yield/MJ) and lowest specific energy (337.6 MJ/kg pod yield) were recorded in plot inoculated with rhizobium culture
Productivity and water use efficiency of no-till winter (rabi) maize (Zea mays) as influenced by drip-fertigation
Authors: M. MALLAREDDY  , B. PADMAJA
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted for 4 consecutive winter seasons from 200708 to 201011 on sandy-loam soil to compare the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels through drip system against conventional irrigation and fertilizer
Effect of planting dates and integrated nutrient management on productivity and profitability of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in Kashmir valley
Authors: S. NARAYAN  , RAIHANA HABIB KANTH  , R. NARAYAN  , F.A. KHAN  , AMAL SAXENA  , TAHIR HUSSAIN
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy ( kharif) seasons of 2008 and 2009 at Shalimar, Srinagar in a split plot design having 3 dates in the main plots and 6 sources of nutrients through the combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers in the sub-plots with 3 replications, to find out their effect on productivity and profitability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Among the dates, planting on 25 March recorded significantly higher tuber yield (35.7t/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.89) than that sown on 10 March and 11 April during both the years. Plant height, number of shoots, shoot dry matter, leaf-area index (LAI) and number of tubers/hill (11.48) were also the highest in 25 March planting as compared to the other planting dates. Application of 75% of full recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (120:75:75 NPK/ha) + 8 t/ha vermicompost + pre-sowing tuber treatment with Azotobacter and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria proved significantly superior in terms of number of tubers hill, harvest index, tuber yield (32.7 t/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (1.75) of potato over rest of the treatments during both years.