bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualimetric assessment of the efficiency of public services in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Musaeva Aygul Kanybekovna
Published: July 2021

In the article, the author considers the qualimetric assessment of public services as one of the parameters of the effectiveness of social policy in Kyrgyzstan. Based on the analysis of the received information materials, the author suggests ways to improve the mechanisms of activity and modernize the assessment of the local self-government performance index to provide a new approach to measuring the analysis and improvement of social policy in the field of public services, which can consequently provide support in solving social, political and economic problems.
Social work as a socio-cultural mechanism of social development
Authors: Kudryavtseva Mariya Viktorovna
Published: July 2021

The article considers social work as a specific socio-cultural mechanism that promotes positive social changes and harmonious social development. Some approaches to defining the essence of the concept and the role of social work in modern reality are presented. The main levels of social work implementation — individual, group and community one — are considered. It is emphasized that in the conditions of modern reality, there is a need to realize the potential of social work.
Scientific performance of research and development organizations: analytical aspect
Authors: Ulyakina Nataliya Aleksandrovna , Komarov Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Published: July 2021

The article presents an analysis of scientific performance of research and development organizations, which was conducted on the basis of a Database containing information about the performance of scientific organizations that perform research, development and technological work for civil purposes. The results of the analysis of performance indicators of scientific activities of organizations based on data for 2018 in research areas, in particular, the indicators of WoS publications, as well as the results of intellectual activity created and used by organizations, are presented.
How to create an efficient production system in an enterprise
Authors: Kuznetsova Svetlana
Published: July 2021

What is the difference between the production philosophy of a Japanese leader and approaches to enterprise management in Russia? Are Lean Methods the “panacea” that will improve production efficiency in any enterprise? Where should you start transformations and what should you pay special attention to when starting to improve the production system? Finally, what difficulties do Russian companies face when implementing LIN technologies? Answers to these and other no less pressing questions – in an interview with Nikolay Rozenko, Director for Development and Projects, Lead Trainer of LIN-Systems.
Features of calculating the salary of a public transport driver in 2020
Authors: Makeev M. A.
Published: July 2021

The profession of a public transport driver is quite popular in all regions of the country. Within the framework of this article, the features of calculating wages for drivers of municipal public transport, the procedure for paying labor depending on the tariff grid are considered, the issue of bonuses is studied, the types of surcharges and cases when they are paid are considered. Since the driver's profession provides for a traveling nature, the issue of reimbursement of expenses related to the peculiarities of work is considered.
Using the Kaizen system is an effective way to solve production problems through rationalization
Authors: Tarasenko A.V.
Published: July 2021

Stopping the movement on the path of improvement means the beginning of the degradation of the company. If we consider the term "kaizen" in relation to a manufacturing enterprise, it means the continuous improvement of both production processes and auxiliary business processes and the management of production and the enterprise as a whole. The article provides examples of the use of the Kaizen system at the leading Russian metallurgical enterprises-VSMPO-AVISMA and the Oskol Electrometallurgical Combine.
Once again about the compensation package
Authors: Elatomtsev D.V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the theoretical basis for researching the concept of “compensation package”. The essence and structure of the compensation package have been formulated.
Effect of probiotic on mast cell density and expression of tryptase, chymase, and TNF-α in the urinary bladder of rats with high cholesterol
Authors: ERTUĞRUL Tuğrul , TÜTÜNCÜ Şerife , ÇİFTCİ Gülay
Published: July 2021

In this study, it was aimed to immunohistochemically evaluate the possible effect of probiotic supplementation on rats fed a high cholesterol diet on mast cell heterogeneity and density in the urinary bladder and on the expression of chymase, tryptase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) cytokine in the urinary bladder. Three groups were formed in the study. For 8 weeks, Group 1 (control group) was fed regular rat diet. Food for Group 2 (feeding +2% cholesterol) (high cholestrol group) was provided for 8 weeks. For the last four weeks, Group 3 (%2 cholesterol + Lactobacillus acidophilus) (probiotic group) was administered L. acidophilus probiotics. Levels of total cholesterol (TC) was measured by using a spectrophotometric autoanalyzer. Serum TC levels were remarkably increased in group 2 compared to the group 1 (P<0.05). TC decreased significantly (P <0.05) in group 3 compared to group 2. The number of mast cells in the control group and the probiotic group were close to each other. Only safranin O (SO) (+) mast cells was increased in the probiotic group. While there was no difference between control and high cholesterol groups, an increase in the number of tryptase mast cells was found in the probiotic group. The number of chymase mast cells declined in the probiotic group compared to control and high cholesterol groups. There was no significant difference in TNF-α immunoreactivity between the three groups. In conclusion, in this study, possible effects of cholesterol and probiotics on mast cell heterogeneity and expression of chymase, tryptase, TNF-α were revealed.
Liturgies and Cacophonies in Thai Buddhism
Authors: McDaniel Justin
Published: July 2021

En Thaïlande, les liturgies bouddhiques ont toujours fait l'objet de nombreuses publications ; toutefois, curieusement, il n'existe aucune liturgie officielle à l'usage de la sangha thaïlandaise et l'on constate par conséquent en ce domaine une grande diversité de pratiques comme de textes. La liturgie est le lieu où les contingences locales et certains desseins spécifiques se trouvent le plus clairement exprimés. Aussi les études liturgiques sont-elles particulièrement importantes dans la mesure où elles obligent le chercheur à mettre en regard des textes qui autrement apparaissent comme disparates - abolissant ainsi les cloisonnements traditionnels qui opposent canon et commentaires, littérature classique et littérature vernaculaire, ou encore versions orales et écrites d'un texte donné. Elles offrent par ailleurs au chercheur la possibilité d'étudier les textes sur des supports aussi différents que feuilles de latanier, papier de feuilles de mûrier, manuscrits, voire Internet, CD ou DVD. L'étude des textes pour eux-mêmes, en nous empêchant de comprendre comment ceux-ci s'intègrent dans un rituel ou une "représentation", restreint non seulement la compréhension de leur signification proprement dite, mais encore la compréhension de la signification qu'ils ont pour les participants à un moment et en un lieu donnés. L'étude des liturgies, au contraire, nous oblige à nous concentrer sur la présence physique, sur la relation kinesthésique des corps dans l'espace du rituel ainsi que sur l'oralité de l'actualisation - non sur la valeur d'un texte d'un point de vue purement sémantique ou de celui de sa place dans un canon donné. L'étude des liturgies est un des aspects les plus négligés des études bouddhiques ; puisse cet article constituer une introduction sommaire aux textes liturgiques de Thaïlande, qu'ils soient rédigés en pâli ou en thaï.
Historical Geography and Urbanization in Ancient Arakan. The archaeological landscape of the old capitals up to 1400 AD
Authors: Minn Htin Kyaw
Published: July 2021

Géographie historique et urbanisation dans l'ancien Arakan (Myanmar).

Le paysage archéologique des anciennes capitales jusqu'à 1400 AD.

Kyaw Minn Htin.

La formation des États et l'émergence des centres urbains constituent des thèmes fondamentaux de l'archéologie de l'Asie du Sud-Est. En ce qui concerne les débuts de la période historique en Arakan (ouest du Myanmar), ces phénomènes n'ont, d'une part, à ce jour fait l'objet d'aucune étude systématique et, d'autre part, nécessitent une nouvelle approche. Le présent article se propose d'étudier les schémas d'occupation des terres et d'implantation des établissements humains dans l'Arakan ancien via l'étude de la géographie et de l'urbanisation et ce, plus particulièrement, dans les régions de Kaladan et de la vallée de Lemro. Il couvre une période qui s'étend du IVe au XIVe siècle, soit de la fondation de la première ville connue jusqu'à la fin de l'ère de Lemro. Les témoignages du processus d'urbanisation en Arakan seront comparés à certaines données relativement mieux établies provenant de villes de la vallée de l'Irrawaddy telles que Halin, Sri Ksetra et Beikthanoe.
Le vocabulaire politique d’Hérodien
Authors: Roques Denis
Published: July 2021

The political vocabulary of Herodian

A study of Herodian’s political vocabulary reveals a systematic wish to use classical expression to translate contemporary Roman realities. This policy is not accidental ; it indicates a refusal of Romanity and places Herodian in a classical position which glorifies traditional values of Hellenic culture. A historian of the present, Herodian is a writer of the past who announces a forthcoming evolution, which is already much clearer in the fourth and fifth centuries A.D. with Hellenophone writers of the Eastern Roman Empire such as Libanius of Antioch, Eunapius of Sardis or Synesius of Cyrene, who were themselves fervent supporters of Greek Romanity.
Zur Frage der Spezialisierung im griechischen Theater des Hellenismus und der Kaiserzeit. Auf der Grundlage der neuen Prosopographie der dionysischen Techniten
Authors: Chaniotis Angelos
Published: July 2021

Die Frage nach der beruflichen Spezialisierung im griechischen Theater des Hellenismus und der Kaiserzeit wird aufgrund des von I. E. Stéfanis zusammengestellten prosopographischen Materials und in bezug auf 7 Kriterien untersucht : 1) Existenz differenzierter Künstlerbezeichnungen, die auf eine Spezialisierung in einem Zweig der ‘Theater’-Künste hinweisen ; 2) Kombination mehrerer künstlerischer Tätigkeiten, die für eine Spezialisierung im Bereich der Kunst sprechen ; 3) Beschäftigung mit der Kunst seit jungen Jahren ; 4) Künstlerfamilien ; 5) Verdienstmöglichkeiten der Künstler des Theaters ; 6) intensive Reisetätigkeit ; 7) Personennamen, die auf eine künstlerische Tätigkeit hinweisen.

Aus der Untersuchung des mit vielen methodischen Problemen verbundenen prosopographischen Materials ergibt sich ein stark differenziertes Bild : Nicht jeder Künstler des Theaters war beruflich spezialisiert ; man muß eher mit einer starken sozialen Differenzierung rechnen. Dennoch war die berufliche Spezialisierung in einem Zweig der Kunst, schon seit jungen Jahren, häufig im Kreis einer Künstlerfamilie und verbunden mit Reisetätigkeit und vielfältigen Verdienstmöglichkeiten, spätestens seit dem Hellenismus eine typische Erscheinung.
Image et paysage : l’exemple des fresques de la Maison Ouest de Théra
Authors: Farnoux Alexandre
Published: July 2021

Image and landscape : the example of the frescos in the West House of Thera

The frescos found in the West House of Thera have been known since 1971, but further discoveries have renewed interest in them. With drawings and colours of extraordinary quality, they present a set of urban and maritime scenes from around the middle of the second millenium B.C., and include an abundance of landscapes rich in vegetal species (around thirty) and animals. Various interpretations have identified the country portrayed as being either Aegean or Libyan ; the major themes as being warlike and triumphant — historical or de genre — or peaceful and religious. The diversity found in these interpretations poses serious methodological problems, especially within the realm of the image’s status and its relation to the texts. A certain number of characteristics belonging to the epic narrative techniques haye also been found in the composition, and this connection is not without its dangers. It would seem wiser to take into account the image’s own character : its techniques, its relation with the viewer and its autonomy in the civilisation within which it functions.
Handwerk im Heer — Handwerk im zivilen Sektor. Neue Zeugnisse zu Berufsbezeichnungen und zur Verknüpfung zweier sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Sektoren mit einem Anhang zum neue Pridianum aus Vindolanda
Authors: Strobel Karl
Published: July 2021

Berufstätigkeit in Handwerk und gewerblicher Produktion wird durch neue archäologische und vor allem papyrologische Quellen in einem breiten und vertieften Spektrum erschlossen, wobei Tätigkeiten im militarischen Kontext einen wichtigen Aspekt bilden. Berufsbezeichnungen und berufliche Spezialisierung, besonders aber die von staatlicher Seite auf der Basis militärischer Strukturen sowie von Arbeits-und Werkvertrâgen organisierte Verbundarbeit werden dabei erschlossen. Es ist die ausgeprâgteste Form zentral geleiteter und organisierter Verbundarbeit des vormodernen Alltags ; die vorindustrielle Produktionsebene erreichte hier im Rahmen der Beschaffung und wirtschaftlichen Aktivitat der „öffentlichen Hand“ eine neue Qualität. Grundsätz-liche Bedeutung erlangen dabei die neuen Dokumente der kaiserlichen Steinbrüche des Mons Claudianus. Ebenso eröffnen die Schreibtafeln aus Vindolanda ein fur die römische Heeres-geschichte, aber auch für Wirtschaft und Leben im militarischen Milieu grundlegendes Material, das Gewerbe und Berufstätigkeit in den verschiedenen Organisationsebenen des Heeres wie in der Einbindung ziviler wirtschaftlicher Aktivitäten dokumentiert.
À propos des villas maritimes : cadre réel et cadre rêvé d’après les représentations figurées
Authors: Lafon Xavier
Published: July 2021

Les liens entre les villas maritimes réelles et leurs représentations figurées, en particulier celles des panneaux de me et IVe styles pompéiens, ont été depuis longtemps relevés. A partir d’une chronologie mieux établie des premières il est proposé une analyse des rapports complexes qui, en réalité, les unissent. Les périodes de succès des deux séries coïncident globalement si l’on adopte un sens large à la définition des «villas» figurées. En revanche il est difficile, tant pour les formes architecturales que pour les sites, d’établir une influence décisive des monuments réels sur les représentations. Au contraire, dans les deux cas la peinture ou la mosaïque, c’est-à-dire le rêve, précèdent la réalité architecturale à l’exception notoire des grandes réalisations impériales de la deuxième moitié du Ier siècle ap. J.-C.
Isocrate et le vocabulaire du pouvoir personnel
Authors: Liou Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2021

L’usage que fait Isocrate des termes du vocabulaire du langage personnel reste hésitant. Tantôt les mots de la famille de τύραννος ont le sens péjoratif courant qu’ils ont chez ses contemporains, et s’opposent à ceux de la famille de βασιλεύς ; tantôt la différence de sens disparaît. Les connotations, positives ou négatives, dépendent en fait soit du personnage évoqué soit des intentions de l’auteur au moment où il rédige ses ouvrages. Quand elles sont positives pour l’ensemble des termes, ce sont cependant ceux de la famille de βασιλεύς qu’il emploie de préférence pour évoquer le pouvoir personnel comme un idéal d’excellence. On ne peut discerner une évolution dans la façon qu’a Isocrate d’utiliser ce vocabulaire, mais ses hésitations mêmes reflètent ses contradictions, partagé qu’il est entre un amour de la liberté tout athénien et une attirance vers un pouvoir fort et efficace.
Peoples’ attitude toward COVID-19 vaccine, acceptance, and social trust among African and Middle East countries
Authors: Asadi Faezi Nasim , Gholizadeh Pourya , Sanogo Moussa , Oumarou Amadou , Mohamed Maad Nasser , Cissoko Yacouba , Saliou Sow Mamadou , Keita Bakary Sayon , Baye Youssouf AG Mohamed , Pagliano Pasquale , Akouda Patassi , Soufiane Sid'Ahmed , Iknane Akory Ag , Safiatou Diallo Mamadou Oury , Gansane Zakaria , Ali Khan Barkat , Köse Şükran , Allahverdipour Hamid , Ganvarov Khudaverdi , Soumaré Mariam , Asgharzadeh Mohammad , Dao Sounkalo , Samadi Kafil Hossein
Published: July 2021

Background: To end the COVID-19 pandemic, a large part of the world must be immune to the virus by vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to gauge intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among ordinary people and to identify attitudes towards vaccines and barriers for vaccine acceptance. Methods: The study population comprises 1880 people residing in different countries that answer a prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire topics are demographics, historical issues, participants’ attitudes and beliefs regarding vaccines, concerns, and vaccine hesitancy. Results: Attitudes and beliefs relating to vaccines in general, and the COVID-19 vaccine, were ascertained. Overall, 66.81% of the contributors would like to be vaccinated against COVID-19, while %33.19 did not intend to be vaccinated. Reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included concern regarding vaccine side effects, fear of getting sick from the uptake of the vaccine, and the absence of accurate vaccine promotion news. Individuals with higher education believe that India (68.6%) produces the best vaccine (P<0.001), while healthcare workers think the Chinese vaccine (44.2%) is the best (P=0.020). Individuals with higher education have not been vaccinated, not be healthcare workers, and females were the most contributors to effective of the vaccine in reducing mortality from COVID-19 disease. Conclusion: Given the degree of hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination, a multifaceted approach to facilitate vaccine uptake that includes vaccine education, behavioral change strategies, and health promotion, is paramount.
Combatting a "Twin-demic": A quantitative assessment of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy in primary care patients
Authors: Johnson Kemmian D. , Akingbola Oluwatomi , Anderson Jessica , Hart Jennifer , Chapple Andrew , Woods Che'la , Yeary Karen , McLean Angela
Published: July 2021

Background: Public health officials anticipate severe health outcomes amidst the circulation of two major viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza. This study investigated intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and influenza, and sought to identify attitudes towards vaccines and barriers for vaccine acceptance. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Louisiana State University Medicine Clinic from September 2020 to December 2020. Intent to be vaccinated against the COVID-19 and influenza virus was assessed through a brief questionnaire. Additionally, hesitancy and attitudes regarding vaccines were ascertained using validated 5-point Likert scales. In total, 280 patients completed the questionnaire. Results: A total of 248 patients were included in the final analysis. Overall 167 (67%, 95% CI = 61.1-73.0%) of patients were unsure or did not intend to be vaccinated against COVID-19, while only 19.3% (95% CI = 14.4-24.5%) were unsure or did not intend to be vaccinated against the influenza vaccine. Reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included concern regarding side effects, fear of getting sick from the vaccine, and the absence of vaccine recommendations from their doctor. Concerningly, African American patients demonstrated decreased likelihood of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: This survey revealed that only 1 in 3 adults intended to be vaccinated against COVID-19, while 8 out of 10 adults intended to receive the influenza vaccine. Patients who intended on getting the COVID-19 vaccine were less likely to be African American. Given the degree of hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination, a multifaceted approach to facilitate vaccine uptake that includes vaccine education, behavioral change strategies, and health promotion, is paramount.
Differentiating between girls and boys in transition through smoking stages: A sex-specific growth mixture modeling
Authors: Jafari Nasrin , MohammadpourAsl Asghar , Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
Published: July 2021

Background: Smoking is a complex process, and adolescents pass through a number of different stages on the way to become smokers and it is sex-dependent. Methods: In this cohort study, the illustrative samples of 10th-grade students (2241 girls and 2956 boys) were assessed using a multistage sampling in Tabriz, Iran. The main variables of the study were smoking status, intention to start smoking, and smoking during the past week/ month, which were collected using a valid and reliable instrument. Sex-specific GMMs were fitted to assess the transition through smoking stages. Results: GMMs lead in a 2-class optimal model: "Occasional/Intending smokers" and "Non-smokers". GMMs indicated that girls had lower levels of smoking status, intention to start smoking, smoking during the past week/month in both classes (significant and negative intercepts: -8.5 to -0.6). In addition, transitions toward higher levels of smoking status, intention to start smoking, smoking during the past week/month were observed in both classes for boys, but in the second class for girls (significant and positive slopes: 0.2 to 2.7). Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of stopping the initiation and avoiding transition through smoking stages with special sex-specific planning in the future.
Online assessment of the perception of loneliness and associated factors in Colombian climacteric women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Monterrosa-Blanco Angélica , Monterrosa-Castro Álvaro , González-Sequeda Andrea
Published: July 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated changes due to confinement, this measure can increase the perception of loneliness. The objective was to estimate the frequencies of emotional, social and general loneliness and their association with fear and anxiety with COVID-19, religiosity and severe deterioration of quality of life in middle-aged women. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Colombian women (40-59 y, n=984) surveyed with an electronic form that included sociodemographic characteristics and validated measures (Menopause Rating Scale, de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, fear of COVID-19 scale, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and Francis Scale for Religiosity). Associations of emotional, social and general loneliness (dependent variables) with severe somatic, psychological, urogenital and quality of life deterioration, as well as with high religiosity, anxiety and high fear of COVID-19 (independent variables), were estimated. Results: The median age was 47 years old, and 39.2% [95% CI: 36.2-42.3] postmenopausal. Severe deterioration in somatic, psychological, urogenital domains and quality of life in women with emotional, social and general loneliness was found (P<0.001). In adjusted models, high fear of COVID-19, severe deterioration of psychological and urogenital domains and quality of life were associated with emotional, social and general loneliness. Anxiety with COVID-19, somatic domain and high religiosity were not associated with loneliness. Conclusion: Emotional, social and general loneliness were identified in 4/10 middle-aged Colombian women surveyed, and the associated factors were high fear of COVID-19, severe deterioration of quality of life and psychological and urogenital domains. Professionals who care for climacteric women should explore the perception of loneliness when assessing menopausal symptoms.
Opium dependence and the potential impact of changes in treatment coverage level: A dynamic modeling study
Authors: Rafiemanesh Hosein , Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Noroozi Alireza , Gholami Jaleh , Vahdani Bita , Afshar Amin , Salehi Mohammad , Etemad Koorosh
Published: July 2021

Background: The most common drug, illegally used in Iran is opium. The treatment of people with substance use disorder is one of the most important strategies in reducing its burden. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different increasing and decreasing opium treatment coverage on the patterns of abstinence, transition to heroin dependence and mortality, over 30 years. Methods: This study was a dynamic compartmental modeling conducted in three stages: 1) presenting a conceptual model of opium dependence treatment in Iran, 2) estimating model’s parameters value, and 3) modeling of opium dependence treatment and examining the outcomes for different treatment coverage scenarios. The input parameters of the model were extracted from the literature, and secondary data analysis, which were finalized in expert panels. Results: The number of opium dependence will increase from 1180550 to 1522063 [28.93% (95% CI: 28.6 to 29.2)] over 30 years. With a 25% decrease in coverage compared to the status quo, the number of deaths will increase by 459 cases [3.28% (95% CI: 0.91 to 5.7)] in the first year, and this trend will continue to be 2989 cases [15.63% (95% CI: 13.4 to 17.9)] in the 30th year. A 25% increase in treatment coverage causes a cumulative decrease of heroin dependence by 14451 cases [10.1% (95% CI: 9.5 to 10.8)] in the first decade. Conclusion: The modeling showed that the treatment coverage level reduction has a greater impact than the coverage level increase in the country and any amount of reduction in the coverage level, even to a small extent, may have a large negative impact in the long run.
A remotely-delivered community action project to promote a diabetes lifestyle intervention programme in northwest London: basis, process and outcomes
Authors: Kapadia Sharan J , Gao Yu , Cumming Ewa
Published: July 2021

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in London is rising, obesity being a major driver. As part of a primary care placement, the authors (two medical students and a lead general practitioner) directly promoted the Reducing Weight with Intensive Dietary Support (REWIND) programme to patients in Northwest London and collected feedback on the promotion. Methods: The team developed and delivered three remote interventions: a redesigned patient-facing information leaflet, phone calls and text messages, and a live, interactive webinar, to directly engage patients and raise awareness about REWIND. Feedback was collected pre and post-webinar using an anonymised, online survey (essentially functioning as a ‘teaching’ evaluation). Results: Mean interest in REWIND had increased from 2.7 (pre-promotion) to 4.7 (post-promotion), knowledge about REWIND had increased from 2.1 to 4, and self-reported likelihood of enrolling had increased from 2.6 to 4.2 (P<0.01 in all cases). The reported usefulness of the leaflet and webinar was scored 3.7 and 4.4 respectively. Within two weeks of the webinar, two of these patients had joined REWIND. Conclusion: Feedback from the patients and GP revealed that the project successfully raised awareness, improved knowledge, and increased the likelihood of enrolment in REWIND. Diabetes programmes and organisations are encouraged to adapt the methods of this project to their own contexts, especially in light of COVID-19 where remote interventions will remain essential.
Different techniques in transalveolar maxillary sinus elevation: A literature review
Authors: Lafzi Ardeshir , Atarbashi-Moghadam Fazele , Amid Reza , Sijanivandi Soran
Published: July 2021

Dental implant treatment in the posterior maxilla encounters bone quality and quantity problems. Sinus elevation is a predictable technique to overcome height deficiency in this area. Transalveolar sinus elevation is a technique that is less invasive and less time-consuming, first introduced for ridges with at least 5 mm of bone height. Many modifications and innovative equipment have been introduced for this technique. This review aimed to explain the modifications of this technique with their indications and benefits. An exhaustive search in PubMed Central and Scopus electronic databases was performed until December 2020. Articles were selected that introduced new techniques for the transalveolar maxillary sinus approach that had clinical cases with full texts available in the English language. Finally, twenty-six articles were included. The data were categorized and discussed in five groups, including expansion-based techniques, drill-based techniques, hydraulic pressure techniques, piezoelectric surgery, and balloon techniques. The operator’s choice for transalveolar approach techniques for sinus floor elevation can be based on the clinician’s skill, bone volume, and access to equipment. If possible, a technique with simultaneous implant placement should be preferred.
Association of APOA1-75G/A and +83C/T polymorphic variation with acute coronary syndrome patients in Kashmir (India)
Authors: Pandith Arshad A. , Bhat Irfan Ahmad , Niyaz Iqra , Qasim Iqbal , Bhat Ina A. , Manzoor Usma , Koul Aabid M.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comes under the ambit of cardiovascular disease.APOA-1 gene plays a vital role in lipid metabolism and has been observed to have plausible role in ACS. This cross sectional case-control study was conducted to evaluate association between APOA1-75G/A(rs1799837), +83C/T (rs5069) genotypes and risk for ACS. Methods: The current case-control study that included confirmed 90 ACS cases and 150 healthy controls were genotyped for APOA1-75 G/A and +83 C/T by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLF) method. Results: APOA1-75G/A distribution of genotypes/alleles among cases and controls was seen proportionally same with no association to ACS (P = 0.5). APOA1+83 C/T variants showed protective effect with ACS where variant TT genotype presented more in controls (12%) than cases (1.6%) (P = 0.004) and likewise variant ‘T’ allele was found more in controls than ACS cases (9.4% vs.28.5% respectively: P < 0.05). Further, significantly high difference of CT genotype was seen among cases and controls 15% vs. 33% respectively (P = 0.002). The overall distribution of different haplotypes showed a marked difference in GT when compared with GC between cases and controls (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: The study shows that TT genotype and variant T allele of APOA1 +83 C/T depicted a protective role with respect to ACS whereas APOA1-75G>A showed no relation. Haplotype GT was observed to significantly over-represent in controls with its protective effect in ACS as against wild type haplotype GC.
Performance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio for the prediction of long-term morbidity and mortality in coronary slow flow phenomenon patients presented with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zengin Ahmet , Karaca Mehmet , Aruğaslan Emre , Yıldırım Ersin , Karataş Mehmet Baran , Çanga Yiğit , Emre Ayşe , Tayyareci Gülşah
Published: July 2021

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine if neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio could predict long term morbidity and mortality in patients who hospitalized for non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and had coronary slow flow on coronary angiography. Methods: In this observational study, 111 patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and diagnosed with coronary slow flow phenomenon on angiographic examination were included. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) calculated as the ratio of the number of neutrophils to the number of lymphocytes. Patients classified into three groups according to NLR values. The term coronary slow flow phenomenon was depicted by calculating Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction frame count.Patients were followed up and the occurrence of recurrent angina, recurrent myocardial infarction, and long-term mortality was determined using medical records, phone calls, or face-to-face interviews. P values <0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Recurrent angina and myocardial infarction occurred more frequently in the highest NLR tertile compared with middle and lowest NLR tertiles. High NLR group (NLR≥ 3.88 n=38) was significantly associated with younger age and smoking status. WBC, troponin I and CRP levels increased as the NLR tertile increased. Recurrent myocardial infarction and angina showed strong relationship with increasing NLR values. In multivariate regression analyses smoking and high NLR levels were independent predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction (HR:4.64 95%CI 0.95-22.52 P=0.04, HR: 1.48 95%CI 1.16-1.90 P<0.01 respectively) in the long term follow up. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that high NLR values can be a valuable prognostic tool in the long term follow up of patients who presented with NSTE-ACS and diagnosed with slow flow phenomenon on coronary angiography.
Gender differences in clinical characteristics and in-hospital and one-year outcomes of young patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction under the age of 40
Authors: Murat Bektas , Kivanc Eylem , Dizman Rafet , Ozge Mert Gurbet , Murat Selda
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Although the incidence of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the elderly population has decreased in recent years, this is not the case for young people. At the same time, no reduction in hospitalization rate after STEMI was shown in young people. Clinical characteristics, risk factors, angiographic findings, in-hospital and one-year outcomes of patients under the age of 40 and their gender differences were investigated. Methods: This study has been performed retrospectively in two centers. Between January 2015 and April 2019, 212 patients aged 18-40 years with STEMI and who underwent reperfusion therapy were included. The gender differences were compared. Results: The median age of (male 176; 83.0% and female 36; 17.0%) patients included in the study was 36 (33-38) for men and 36 (34-38) for women. Chest pain was the most common complaint for both genders (96.0% vs. 94.4%; P = 0.651). While men presented more often with Killip class 1,women presented more often with Killip class 2. The anterior myocardial infarction (MI) was the most common MI type and it was higher in women than in man (P = 0.027). At one year of follow-up, the prevalence of all-cause hospitalization was 24%, MI 3.8%, coronary angiography 15.1%, cardiovascular death 1.4%, and all-cause death 0.47%, there was no gender difference. Conclusion: Anterior MI was the most common type of MI and it was more common in women than in men. Left anterior descending artery was the most common involved coronary artery. The most common risk factor is smoking. In terms of in-hospital outcome, left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in women. There was no significant difference in one-year outcomes between both genders.
Short term clinical and echocardiography outcomes of pericardiectomy in constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Kumar Madhur , Padhy Ajit , Munjal Ridhika , Gupta Anubhav
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tuberculous pericarditis continues to be a leading cause of chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) in developing countries. Echocardiography plays a key role in the assessment and diagnosis. Methods: Twelve patients who underwent pericardiectomy for CCP in last 18 months of the study period were subjected to clinical and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class assessment along with comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation. The data were compared with their preprocedural status. Results: Significant reduction was noted in the incidence of inferior vena cava (IVC) congestion(P < 0.001) and mean left atrial (LA) size from 43.75 ± 4.43 mm to 31.58 ± 3.03 mm (P < 0.001), post pericardiectomy.Respiratory variation of 34.17 ± 8.76 % in the mitral E velocity was significantly reduced to 17 ± 3.69 % (P < 0.001) after surgery. Similarly, respiratory variation in tricuspid E velocities showed significant reduction from 62.17 ± 13.16 % to 32.58 ± 4.7 % (P < 0.001).Prior to pericardiectomy, medial e’ and lateral e’ mitral annular velocities was 15.5±1.24 cm/sec and13.08 ± 1.08 cm/sec, respectively. Following surgery, the medial e’ and lateral e’ was 12.5±1.17 cm/sec(P = 0.001) and 15.42±1.83 (P = 0.004), respectively. Conclusion: Echocardiography provides useful insight in pericardial constriction hemodynamics and worthwhile effects of pericardiectomy.
Percutaneous Balloon Pulmonary Valvuloplasty of Critical Pulmonary Stenosis and severe pulmonary stenosis in Neonates and Early Infancy: A Challenge in the Cyanotic
Authors: Mortezaeian Hojjat , khorgami Mohammadrafie , Omidi Negar , khalili Yasaman , Moradian Maryam , Zamani Raheleh , Nazari Esfandyar
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary stenosis with an intact ventricular septum (PS-IVS) is one of the common causes of cyanotic heart disease in neonates with diverse morphologies as well as management and treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate short and midterm results of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) for this disorder. Methods: Between 2012 and 2016, Totally 45 neonates and infants under 6 months old were evaluated.The patients had a minimum right-to-left ventricular pressure ratio of 1, right-to-left shunting at the patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect level, and tricuspid valve Z-scores higher than -4. Results: Immediately after the procedure, the right ventricular pressure dropped to the normal values in 8 (20%) patients. The immediate procedural success rate was seen in 42 (93.3%) cases: the right-to-left ventricular pressure ratio dropped to below 50% or the level of O2 saturation rose above 75%. Of three cases unresponsive to BPV, two of them underwent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stenting and one procedural death occurred. At 6 months’ follow-up, of 42 patients, this pressure was still with in the normal range in 36 (80%) infants, while it had returned to high values in 9 (20%) patients and necessitated repeat valvuloplasty. After BPV, severe pulmonary valve regurgitation was observed in14.2% patients; the condition was more common when high-profile noncompliant balloons were used. Conclusion: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in infants with PS-IVS confers acceptable results insofar as it improves echocardiographic parameters and hemodynamic changes at short- and midterm followups.Balloon selection with sizes more than 1.2 of the diameter of the pulmonary valve annulus and the use of noncompliant high-pressure balloons results in higher degrees of pulmonary regurgitation.
Clinical and electromyographic evaluation of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of gummy smile: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Mate Payal Padmakar , Nilesh Kumar , Joshi Anand , Panda Arun
Published: July 2021

Background. The present study aimed to assess the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) for the management of gummy smile and evaluate its stability after administrating BTX-A clinically and using electromyography. Methods. The investigators designed and implemented a prospective clinical study on 10 patients with a gummy smile. Patients with different types of gummy smile were injected with BTX-A in the levator muscles of the upper lip and were followed for six months. The effect of BTX-A was evaluated clinically and using electromyography preoperatively and after two weeks and three and six months. Statistical analyses were carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni tests for pairwise comparisons. Results. The sample consisted of 10 patients with an anterior gummy smile (n=3), posterior gummy smile (n=2), mixed gummy smile (n=3), and asymmetrical gummy smile (n=2). There were significant differences (P<0.001) between the mean gingival display and compound muscle action potential at two-weeks and three-month follow-ups. The maximum result was obtained at the two-week interval. The mean gingival display and C-MAP values increased slightly at the three-month postoperative interval and gradually increased to the baseline values at six-month follow-up. Conclusion. BTX-A is an effective, minimally invasive, and temporary treatment modality for gummy smiles. The electromyographic study is a convenient method for assessing changes in the upper lip muscle contractility to quantify the effect of BTX-A in the treatment of gummy smile.
Clinical and microbiological evaluation of 940-nm diode laser as an adjunct to modified Widman flap for the management of chronic periodontitis: A 6-month randomized split-mouth clinical trial
Authors: Agarwal Ashish , Saxena Anugrah , Gummaluri Shiva Shankar , Chaudhary Bharti , Subramanyam S Sai karthikeyan , Kumar Geetika
Published: July 2021

Background. The present randomized clinical trial aimed to determine the additive clinical and microbiological benefits of diode laser (DL) with modified Widman flap (MWF) to manage chronic periodontitis. Methods. Seventy-two sites in 36 healthy non-smoking patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to the test group (MWF + active DL) or control group (MWF + sham DL). Clinical (probing pocket depth [PPD], clinical attachment level [CAL]) and microbiological (colony-forming units [CFUs]) measurements were recorded at baseline and 6- and 6-month postoperative intervals. Results. Compared to baseline, 6-month results showed significant changes in clinical and microbiological parameters in both groups. However, the intergroup comparison revealed significantly lower PPD (1.90±0.48 mm vs. 2.35±0.41 mm), CAL (4.43±0.57 mm vs. 4.93±0.58 mm), and CFUs for Porphyromonas gingivalis (6.32±0.18 vs. 8.88 ±1.88), Prevotella intermedia (7.62±1.86 vs. 8.12±1.78), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (6.43±1.44 vs. 7.24±1.22) in the test group after six months. Conclusion. Within the limitations, the present study confirmed the useful role of DL with MWF to manage chronic periodontitis.
Isolated Herniation of the Bladder into the Inguinal Canal: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kartal Murat
Published: July 2021

Herniation of the bladder towards the inguinal canal is a rare condition. A 76-year-old male patient with long-term left groin swelling was admitted to the emergency clinic complaining of abdominal pain that started about 5 hours ago. The patient, whose abdominal examination was normal, had an incarcerated hernia in the left inguinal region. On superficial ultrasonography, intestinal loop herniation in the left inguinal canal and adjacent loculated fluid of 60x20 mm in size was observed. In the computed abdominal tomography, it was determined that the majority of the bladder had passed through the left inguinal canal and into the hernia sac. Lichtenstein method hernioplasty was applied to the patient who was taken to emergency surgery. Isolated bladder herniation is an extremely rare condition. Recognition of bladder herniation in the preoperative period may prevent possible complications during surgery.
Assessment of knowledge about Tetanus Diphtheria vaccination of patients with trauma among medical interns: an analytical cross sectional study
Authors: Maroufi Parham , Ghobadi Jafar , Mojarrad Mina , Adib Ali
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Considering the importance of tetanus vaccination in children and adults, recognizing the necessities and priorities of tetanus vaccine injection is essential for health care providers. Medical interns have a crucial role in treating patients at hospitals and as future physicians. This study aims to evaluate Tabriz University of Medical Sciences medical interns' knowledge about tetanus vaccination in patients with trauma. Methods: All interns of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences enrolled in the study. Interns who did not want to participate in the study and those on-call were excluded from the study. Eventually, 250 interns gathered in a conference hall, and a questionnaire of 10 questions was presented to them as a hypothetical traumatic event. Correct and incorrect answers to each question, age, and gender were analyzed. Results: Only in three questions, more than half of the participants answered correctly. These were questions 10, 1, and 2, with 67.2%, 59.2%, and 50.8% of participants answering them correctly, respectively. Also, in 5 questions, less than 20% answered correctly. The maximum overall score was 7. Analysis of these results between the two sexes did not show a significant difference in the number of correct answers and the percentage response to each question. Additionally, age was not indicated as a variable involved in the total score of the participants. Conclusion: Regardless of the age and gender, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences’ medical interns’ knowledge about the precise indications of tetanus prevention in adults and children is poor.
Qualitative And Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment Of Focal Liver Lesions: A Study To Evaluate The Role Of Different MRI Sequences.
Authors: ashraf obaid , choh naseer , shah omair
Published: July 2021

Background: Focal liver lesions have a broad differential diagnosis. MRI with its improved soft tissue characterization and newer sequences can significantly narrow the differentials especially when discriminating benign from malignant lesions. Methods: T1, T1 IN AND OUT OF PHASE, T2, LONG TE T2 AND Diffusion Weighted Imaging was done in 159 patients with USG documented focal liver lesion. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of ADC values and long TE images was done and a threshold for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was obtained. The MRI diagnosis was compared with final diagnosis obtained from histopathology in most cases or follow up and other tests (markers and RBC scan) were histopathology was not available. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI sequences in differentiating various focal lesions were obtained. Results: T1 weighted images were useful for identifying fat, hemorrhage and iron within the lesions. T2 weighted imaging was able to correctly classify 82.0% lesions as malignant and 83.7% lesions as benign. Long TE T2 images were highly accurate in distinguishing haemangiomas and cysts from solid lesions. On diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, 89.5% (i.e. 60 out of 67) lesions were correctly classified as malignant and 88.0% (i.e. 81 out of 92) lesions were correctly classified as benign. Threshold ADC value of 1.37 × 10-3 mm2/s is highly accurate for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. Conclusion: DWI is a sine qua non in liver lesion assessment allowing improved detection and characterization. Long TE T2 weighted imaging can accurately detect haemangiomas and cysts and rule out metastasis.