bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Forecasting of Crude Oil Prices Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Network Model with Lévy Process
Authors: Alruqimi Mohammed , Di Persio Luca
Published: January 2025

Accurate crude oil price forecasting is essential, considering oil’s critical role in the global economy. However, the crude oil market is significantly influenced by external, transient events, posing challenges in capturing price fluctuations’ complex dynamics and uncertainties. Traditional time series forecasting models, such as ARIMA and LSTM, often rely on assumptions regarding data structure, limiting their flexibility to estimate volatility or account for external shocks effectively. Recent research highlights Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as a promising alternative approach for capturing intricate patterns in time series data, leveraging the adversarial learning framework. This paper introduces a Crude Oil-Driven Conditional GAN (CO-CGAN), a hybrid model for enhancing crude oil price forecasting by combining advanced AI frameworks (GANs), oil market sentiment analysis, and stochastic jump-diffusion models. By employing conditional supervised training, the inherent structure of the data distribution is preserved, thereby enabling more accurate and reliable probabilistic price forecasts. Additionally, the CO-CGAN integrates a Lévy process and sentiment features to better account for uncertainties and price shocks in the crude oil market. Experimental evaluations on two real-world oil price datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model, achieving a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.000054 and outperforming benchmark models.
Seasonal Mathematical Model of Salmonellosis Transmission and the Role of Contaminated Environments and Food Products
Authors: Alharbi Mohammed H. , Alalhareth Fawaz K. , Ibrahim Mahmoud A.
Published: January 2025

Salmonellosis continues to be a global public health priority in which humans, livestock, and the contaminated environment interact with food to create complex interactions. Here, a new non-autonomous model is proposed to capture seasonal dynamics of Salmonella typhimurium transmission with key compartments that include humans, cattle, and bacteria in environmental and food sources. The model explores how bacterial growth, shedding, and ingestion rates, along with contamination pathways, determine disease dynamics. Some analytical derivations of the basic reproduction number (R0) and threshold conditions for disease persistence or extinction are derived by using the spectral radius of a linear operator associated with the monodromy matrix. Parameter estimation for the model was accomplished with the aid of Latin hypercube sampling and least squares methods on Salmonella outbreak data from Saudi Arabia ranging from 2018 to 2021. The model was able to conduct an analysis based on the estimated 0.606 value of R0, and this meant that the model was able to fit reasonably well for both the cumulative and the new individual case data, which in turn, suggests the disease is curable. Predictions indicate a gradual decline in the number of new cases, with stabilization anticipated at approximately 40,000 cumulative cases. Further simulations examined the dynamics of disease extinction and persistence based on R0. When R0 is less than 1, the disease-free equilibrium is stable, resulting in the extinction of the disease. Conversely, when R0 exceeds 1, the disease persists, exhibiting endemic characteristics with recurrent outbreaks. Sensitivity analysis identified several parameters as having a significant impact on the model’s outcomes, specifically mortality and infection rates, along with decay rates. These findings highlight the critical importance of precise parameter estimation in understanding and controlling the transmission dynamics of Salmonella. Sensitivity indices and contour plots were employed to assess the impact of various parameters on the basic reproduction number and provide insights into the factors most influencing disease transmission.
Evaluation of Ceramic Membrane Filtration for Alternatives to Microplastics in Cosmetic Formulations Using FlowCam Analysis
Authors: Kim Seung Yeon , Kim Soyoun , Park Chanhyuk
Published: January 2025

The rapid expansion of the cosmetics industry has significantly increased the adoption of alternative microplastics in response to increasingly stringent global environmental regulations. This study presents a comparative analysis of the treatment performance of silica powder and cornstarch—common alternatives for microplastics in cosmetics—using ceramic membrane filtration combined with flow imaging microscopy (FlowCam) to analyze particle behavior. Bench-scale crossflow filtration experiments were performed with commercially available alumina ceramic membranes. By analyzing high-resolution images from FlowCam, the transport and retention behaviors of the two microplastic alternatives were examined by comparing their morphological properties. Despite their similar particle sizes, the cornstarch demonstrated a higher removal efficiency (82%) than the silica (72%) in the ceramic membrane filtration due to its greater tendency to aggregate. This increased tendency for aggregation suggests that cornstarch may contribute to faster fouling, while the stability and uniformity of silica particles result in less fouling. The FlowCam analysis revealed that the cornstarch particles experienced a slight increase in circularity and compactness over time, likely due to physical swelling and aggregation, while the silica particles retained their shape and structural integrity. These findings highlight the impact of the morphological properties of alternative microplastics on their filtration behavior and fouling potential.
Biodegradation of Phenol at High Initial Concentration by Rhodococcus opacus 3D Strain: Biochemical and Genetic Aspects
Authors: Anokhina Tatiana O. , Esikova Tatiana Z. , Polivtseva Valentina N. , Suzina Nataliya E. , Solyanikova Inna P.
Published: January 2025

Phenolic compounds are an extensive group of natural and anthropogenic organic substances of the aromatic series containing one or more hydroxyl groups. The main sources of phenols entering the environment are waste from metallurgy and coke plants, enterprises of the leather, furniture, and pulp and paper industries, as well as wastewater from the production of phenol–formaldehyde resins, adhesives, plastics, and pesticides. Among this group of compounds, phenol is the most common environmental pollutant. One of the cheapest and most effective ways to combat phenol pollution is biological purification. However, the inability of bacteria to decompose high concentrations of phenol is a significant limitation. Due to the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, phenol concentrations above 1 g/L are toxic and inhibit cell growth. This article presents data on the biodegradative potential of Rhodococcus opacus strain 3D. This strain is capable of decomposing a wide range of toxicants, including phenol. In the present study, cell growth with phenol, growth after rest, growth of immobilized cells before and after rest, phase contrast, and scanning microscopy of immobilized cells on fiber were studied in detail. The free-living and immobilized cells can decompose phenol concentrations up to 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L, respectively. The decomposition of the toxicant was catalyzed by the enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase. The role of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase in biodegradative processes is discussed. In this work, it is shown that the immobilized cells can be stored for a long time (up to 2 years) without significant loss of their degradation activity. An assessment of the induction of genes potentially involved in this process was taken. Based on our investigation, we can conclude that this strain can be considered an effective destructor that is capable of degrading phenol at high concentrations, increases its biodegradative potential during immobilization, and retains this ability for a long storage time. Therefore, the strain can be used in biotechnology for the purification of aqueous samples at high concentrations from phenolic contamination.
Antibacterial Potential of Crude Extracts from Cylindrospermum alatosporum NR125682 and Loriellopsis cavernicola NR117881
Authors: Ikhane Albert Olufemi , Osunsanmi Foluso Oluwagbemiga , Mosa Rebamang Anthony , Opoku Andrew Rowland
Published: January 2025

The challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health have pushed for the discovery of a new antibiotics agent from natural products. Cyanobacteria are oxygen-producing photosynthetic prokaryotes found in a variety of water habitats. Secondary metabolites are produced by cyanobacteria to survive extreme environmental stress factors, including microbial competition. This study presents the antibacterial activity and mechanism of the crude extracts from Cylindrospermum alatosporum NR125682 (A) and Loriellopsis cavernicola NR117881 (B) isolated from freshwater. The cyanobacteria were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing. Crude extracts were sequentially prepared using hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol consistently. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the CSLI microdilution test protocol, and crude extract potential to inhibit the growth of the tested clinical bacteria strains were evaluated. The mechanism of action of the extracts including membrane damage, efflux pump, β-lactamase activity, DNA degradation, and extract–drug interaction was investigated using standard procedures. The hexane extract of B performed the best with a MIC (0.7–1.41 mg/mL) and MBC (1.41–2.81 mg/mL) range. All the crude extracts inhibited efflux pump activity against the bacteria tested. However, the extracts poorly inhibited β-lactamase. The ethanol extract of B exhibited the most appreciable antibacterial activity. The dichloromethane extract of B showed the highest significant DNA degradation potential, when compared with other samples. The extracts exhibited synergism when combined with erythromycin against some test bacteria, indicating primary microbial activity through membrane interactions. Hence, this study demonstrates the significance of cyanobacteria for antibiotic development.
Differences in Biogeographic Patterns and Mechanisms of Assembly in Estuarine Bacterial and Protist Communities
Authors: Zhang Weiyue , Zhang Yunlei , Shao Zhizhuo , Sun Yi , Li Hongjun
Published: January 2025

As transitional ecosystems between land and sea, estuaries are characterized by a unique environment that supports complex and diverse microbial communities. A comprehensive analysis of microbial diversity and ecological processes at different trophic levels is crucial for understanding the ecological functions of estuarine ecosystems. In this study, we systematically analyzed the diversity patterns, community assembly, and environmental adaptability of bacterial and protist communities using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The results revealed a higher alpha diversity for the bacteria than for protists, and the beta diversity pattern was dominated by species turnover in both communities. In addition, the two community assemblages were shown to be dominated by deterministic and stochastic processes, respectively. Furthermore, our results emphasized the influence of the local species pool on microbial communities and the fact that, at larger scales, geographic factors played a more significant role than environmental factors in driving microbial community variation. The study also revealed differences in environmental adaptability among different microbial types. Bacteria exhibited strong adaptability to salinity, while protists demonstrated greater resilience to variations in dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations. These results suggested differences in environmental adaptation strategies among microorganisms at different trophic levels, with bacteria demonstrating a more pronounced environmental filtering effect.
A HER2 Specific Nanobody–Drug Conjugate: Site-Selective Bioconjugation and In Vitro Evaluation in Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Hansen Anders H. , Andersen Kasper I. H. , Xin Li , Krigslund Oliver , Behrendt Niels , Engelholm Lars H. , Bang-Bertelsen Claus H. , Schoffelen Sanne , Qvortrup Katrine
Published: January 2025

A human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific nanobody called 2Rs15d, containing a His3LysHis6 segment at the C-terminus, was recombinantly produced. Subsequent site-selective acylation on the C-terminally activated lysine residue allowed installation of the cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E-functionalized cathepsin B-sensitive payload to provide a highly homogenous nanobody–drug conjugate (NBC), which demonstrated high potency and selectivity for HER2-positive breast cancer models.
Enzymatic β-Mannosylation of Phenylethanoid Alcohols
Authors: Černáková Lucia , Haluz Peter , Mastihuba Vladimír , Košťálová Zuzana , Karnišová Potocká Elena , Mastihubová Mária
Published: January 2025

Phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) are widely occurring secondary metabolites of medicinal plants with interesting biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiviral, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, etc. They are characterized by a structural core formed by a phenethyl alcohol, usually tyrosol or hydroxytyrosol, attached to β-D-glucopyranose via a glycosidic bond. This core is usually further decorated by attached phenolic acids or another saccharide. Several studies suggest an important role of the saccharidic fragment in the biological activities of PhGs, provoking demand for new glycovariants of natural PhGs. This study presents the preparation of β-mannosylated analogs of tyrosol β-D-glucopyranoside (salidroside) and hydroxytyrosol β-D-glucopyranoside (hydroxysalidroside). While the chemical synthesis of β-D-mannopyranosides is rather challenging, they can be prepared by enzymatic catalysis. We found that Novozym 188, an industrial β-glucosidase, also contains β-mannosidase and used this enzyme in the preparation of tyrosol β-D-mannopyranoside and hydroxytyrosol β-D-mannopyranoside in 12 and 16% chemical yields, respectively, by transglycosylation from β-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-mannose. The mannosylation was chemoselective and occurred exclusively on the primary hydroxyls of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, and the glycosylation of phenolic moieties of the aglycons was observed.
Recent Advances in Paper Conservation Using Nanocellulose and Its Composites
Authors: Jiang Mei , Yao Jingjing , Guo Qiang , Yan Yueer , Tang Yi , Yang Yuliang
Published: January 2025

Paper-based cultural relics experience aging and deterioration during their long-term preservation, which poses a serious threat to their lifetime. The development of conservation materials with high compatibility and low intervention has been expected to extend the lifetime of paper artifacts. As a new type of biological macromolecule, nanocellulose has been extensively utilized in paper conservation, attributed to its excellent paper compatibility, high optical transparency, outstanding mechanical strength, and large specific surface area with abundant hydroxyl groups. This review systematically summarizes the latest development of three kinds of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibril, cellulose nanocrystal, and bacterial nanocellulose) and their composites used for the multifunctional conservation of paper relics. Owing to the strong hydrogen bond interactions between hydroxyls of nanocellulose and paper fibers, nanocellulose can effectively consolidate paper without adding adhesives. The composite of nanocellulose with other functional materials greatly expands its application scope, and the superior performance has been emphasized in paper deacidification, consolidation, antimicrobial effect, antioxidation, UV resistance, self-cleaning, promotion of printing property, reduction in air permeability, and flame retardancy. The application characteristics and future prospects of nanocellulose composites are highlighted in the conservation of paper-based cultural relics.
The Effect of Zeolite Na-X and Clinoptilolite as Functional Fillers on the Mechanical, Thermal and Barrier Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
Authors: Russo Nello , Verdolotti Letizia , Lama Giuseppe Cesare , Recupido Federica , Liguori Barbara , Oliviero Maria
Published: January 2025

To obtain sustainable food packaging materials, alternatives to traditional ones must be researched. In this work, two different kinds of zeolites, i.e., a natural one, Clinoptilolite, and a synthetic one, Zeolite Na-X, were mixed with thermoplastic polyurethane for the fabrication of composites. Composite films were prepared via a hot mixing stage and then by means of a hot compression molding process. Several TPU/zeolite composites were produced with a filler concentration ranging from 5% to 10%wt. Finally, the obtained films were characterized by Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FT-IR, ATR), thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), frequency sweep test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical tensile test and oxygen permeability test. For both fillers and at all concentrations, the inclusion of zeolites significantly influenced the analyzed properties. In the TPU/zeolite composites, an overall enhancement was observed compared to the neat polymer, attributed to improved processability, superior barrier properties and the potential to create active materials by loading zeolite combined with various chemicals for specific applications. These findings suggest that the resulting composites hold considerable promise for applications in the food packaging sector.
From Anatase TiO2 Nano-Cuboids to Nano-Bipyramids: Influence of Particle Shape on the TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Contaminants in Contrasted Water Matrices
Authors: Asghar Humaira , Hermosilla Daphne , Pellegrino Francesco , Muelas-Ramos Virginia , de los Ríos Christian , Gascó Antonio , Maurino Valter , Iqbal Muhammad Ahsan
Published: January 2025

Water pollution, resulting from industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and pharmaceutical residues, poses serious threats to ecosystems and human health, highlighting the need for innovative approaches to effective remediation, particularly for non-biodegradable emerging pollutants. This research work explores the influence of shape-controlled nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2 NC), synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method, on the photodegradation efficiency of three different classes of emerging environmental pollutants: phenol, pesticides (methomyl), and drugs (sodium diclofenac). Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of the water matrix on treatment efficiency by using ultrapure water and stormwater (basic) collected from an urban drainage system as matrices. The size and shape of the nano-cuboids were accurately controlled during synthesis to assess their impact on photoactivity and selectivity. Regarding total organic carbon removal using TiO2 nano-cuboids in basic environments, the results were particularly remarkable. TiO2 nano-cuboids and truncated bipyramids synthesized in the 200–250 °C temperature range showed an enhanced photocatalytic efficiency when compared to alternative formulations. Diclofenac, methomyl, and phenol were fully mineralized from ultrapure water and basic stormwater. The TiO2 nano-cuboids/nano-bipyramids demonstrated better selectivity and photoactivity in comparison to irregular TiO2 nanoparticles. The differences in photoactivity and selectivity are explained in terms of charge carrier separation and trapping on the different crystal facets. Their performance demonstrates their potential as sustainable materials for the photodegradation of emerging pollutants in various water matrices.
Sustainable CO2 Capture: N,S-Codoped Porous Carbons Derived from Petroleum Coke with High Selectivity and Stability
Authors: Shao Jiawei , Wang Yingyi , Che Mingyang , Liu Ya , Jiang Yongfu , Xiao Qiang , Demir Muslum , Wang Linlin , Hu Xin
Published: January 2025

CO2 capture from the flue gas is a promising approach to mitigate global warming. However, regulating the carbon-based adsorbent in terms of textural and surface modification is still a challenge. To overcome this issue, the present study depicts the development of cost-effective and high-performance CO2 adsorbents derived from petroleum coke, an industrial by-product, using a two-step process involving thiourea modification and KOH activation. A series of N,S-codoped porous carbons was synthesized by varying activation temperatures and KOH quantity. The optimized sample exhibited a high specific surface area of 1088 m2/g, a narrow micropore volume of 0.52 cm3/g, and considerable heteroatom doping (1.57 at.% nitrogen and 0.19 at.% sulfur). The as-prepared adsorbent achieved a CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.69 and 5.08 mmol/g at 1 bar, 25 °C and 0 °C, respectively, along with a CO2/N2 selectivity of 17. Adsorption kinetics showed 90% of equilibrium uptake was achieved within 5 min, while cyclic studies revealed excellent stability with 97% capacity retention after five cycles. Thermodynamic analysis indicated moderate isosteric heat of adsorption (Qst) values ranging from 18 to 47 kJ/mol, ensuring both strong adsorption and efficient desorption. These findings highlight the potential of petroleum coke-derived porous carbons for sustainable and efficient CO2 capture applications.
Peptide with Dual Roles in Immune and Metabolic Regulation: Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide-2 (LEAP-2)
Authors: Li Yitong , Liu Ying , Gou Meng
Published: January 2025

Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) was originally discovered as an antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in the host innate immune system of various vertebrates. Recent research discovered LEAP-2 as an endogenous antagonist and inverse agonist of the GHSR1a receptor. By acting as a competitive antagonist to ghrelin, LEAP-2 influences energy balance and metabolic processes via the ghrelin–GHSR1a signaling pathway. LEAP-2 alone or the LEAP-2/ghrelin molar ratio showed potential as therapeutic targets for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. This review explores the recent advances of LEAP-2 in immune modulation and energy regulation, highlighting its potential in treating the above diseases.
Reactions of Hydrogen-Passivated Silicon Vacancies in α-Quartz with Electron Holes and Hydrogen
Authors: Cobos Freire Teofilo , Strand Jack , Shluger Alexander L.
Published: January 2025

We used density functional theory with a hybrid functional to investigate the structure and properties of [4H]Si (hydrogarnet) defects in α-quartz as well as the reactions of these defects with electron holes and extra hydrogen atoms and ions. The results demonstrate the depassivation mechanisms of hydrogen-passivated silicon vacancies in α-quartz, providing a detailed understanding of their stability, electronic properties, and behaviour in different charge states. While fully hydrogen passivated silicon vacancies are electrically inert, the partial removal of hydrogen atoms activates these defects as hole traps, altering the defect states and influencing the electronic properties of the material. Our calculations of the hydrogen migration mechanisms predict the low energy barriers for H+, H0, and H−, with the lowest barrier of 0.28 eV for neutral hydrogen migration between parallel c-channels and a similar barrier for H+ migration along the c-channels. The reactions of electron holes and hydrogen species with [4H]Si defects lead to the breaking of O–H bonds and the formation of non-bridging oxygen hole centres (NBOHCs) within the Si vacancies. The calculated optical absorption energies of these centres are close to those attributed to individual NBOHCs in glass samples. These findings can be useful for understanding the role of [4H]Si defects in bulk and nanocrystalline quartz as well as in SiO2-based electronic devices.
A Low-Cost Electrochemical Cell Sensor Based on MWCNT-COOH/α-Fe2O3 for Toxicity Detection of Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhang Zhipeng , Wu Yuling , Yang Huan , Qu Jiao , Zhu Xiaolin
Published: January 2025

The disinfection of drinking water is essential for eliminating pathogens and preventing waterborne diseases. However, this process generates various disinfection byproducts (DBPs), which toxicological research indicates can have detrimental effects on living organisms. Moreover, the safety of these DBPs has not been sufficiently assessed, underscoring the need for a comprehensive evaluation of their toxic effects and associated health risks. Compared to traditional methods for studying the toxicity of pollutants, emerging electrochemical sensing technologies offer advantages such as simplicity, speed, and sensitivity, presenting an effective means for toxicity research on pollutants. However, challenges remain in this field, including the need to improve electrode sensitivity and reduce electrode costs. In this study, a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH) and nano-iron (III) oxide (α-Fe2O3) to fabricate a low-cost electrode with excellent electrocatalytic performance for cell-active substances. Subsequently, a novel cellular electrochemical sensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of the toxicity of three drinking water DBPs. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 2-chlorophenylacetonitrile (2-CPAN), 3-chlorophenylacetonitrile (3-CPAN), and 4-chlorophenylacetonitrile (4-CPAN) for HepG2 cells were 660.69, 831.76, and 812.83 µM, respectively. This study provides technical support and scientific evidence for the toxicity detection and safety assessment of emerging contaminants.
Iron Deficiency Anemia Following Bariatric Surgery: A 10-Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kędzierska Kinga , Dymkowski Marcin , Niegowska Wiktoria , Humięcka Maria , Sawicka Ada , Walczak Iwona , Jędral Zofia Maria , Wąsowski Michał , Bogołowska-Stieblich Agata , Binda Artur , Jaworski Paweł , Tarnowski Wiesław , Jankowski Piotr
Published: January 2025

Background: The long-term follow-up studies investigating the risk of anemia and iron deficiency following bariatric procedures are scarce. This study aimed to determine the influence of body weight reduction and type of bariatric surgery on iron metabolism parameters. Methods: We included 138 consecutive patients who underwent bariatric surgery (120 underwent sleeve gastrectomy and 18 underwent other types of bariatric surgery) between 2010 and 2016. At baseline and at follow-up (median observation: 10 years), examination weight and height were measured, and blood samples for iron metabolism parameters were taken. Results: Red blood cells (4.75 [4.59–4.96] 106/μL vs. 4.51 [4.25–4.83] 106/μL, p < 0.0001), hemoglobin (14.0 [13.3–14.7] g/dL vs. 13.0 [12.1–14.3] g/dL, p < 0.0001), and folic acid (7.4 [5.9–10.4] ng/ml vs. 6.0 [4.5–9.1] ng/mL, p = 0.01) were significantly lower, while anemia prevalence (6.52% vs. 28.99%, p < 0.0001) was significantly higher at the follow-up examination compared to the baseline values. In contrast, iron concentration (86.5 [68.0–109.0] µg/dL vs. 86.5 [55.0–110.0] µg/dL, p = 0.42) and TIBC values (351 [326–391] µg/dL vs. 345 [5311–387] µg/dL, p = 0.08) did not change significantly. The multivariable regression analyses showed that the only factors independently related to the hemoglobin concentration change were initial hemoglobin concentration, age, and bariatric procedures other than sleeve gastrectomy. Similarly, in the multivariable logistic analysis, the only variables independently related to the risk of anemia were age (adjusted odds ratio 0.93 [95% confidence intervals 0.89–0.97]), initial hemoglobin concentration (0.69 [0.49–0.97]), and procedures other than sleeve gastrectomy bariatric procedures (6.12 [1.86–20.15]). Conclusions: Age, initial hemoglobin concentration, and type of bariatric procedure but not sex, baseline iron serum level, or weight change are related to the risk of anemia in the long-term follow-up following bariatric surgery.
Influence of Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols During Pre-Gestation, Gestation, or Lactation on Intestinal Gene Expression
Authors: Ceballos-Sánchez Daniela , Sáez-Fuertes Laura , Casanova-Crespo Sergi , Rodríguez-Lagunas Maria J. , Castell Margarida , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Massot-Cladera Malen
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Diet composition is important for health, especially during critical periods such as pre-gestation (P), gestation (G), or lactation (S), due to its potential impact not only on the mother but on the offspring. The Mediterranean diet includes many healthy foods rich in fiber and/or polyphenols, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. The present preclinical study assesses the impact of a diet rich in fiber and polyphenols (HFP diet) during one of those three periods (P, G, or S, three weeks each) on the rat gene expression of the small intestine obtained at the end of the lactation period. Methods: This analysis was performed by the mRNA two step PCR amplification by random primers and poly-T, followed by library generation and HiSeq X-Ten Illumina sequencing (Seqplexing), and further confirmed by Real time PCR and ELISA. Results: The results showed a broad number of genes significantly modulated after the HFP diet compared to the reference diet, with a higher number of genes modulated when the supplementing period was closer to the analysis day (S > G > P). Notably, genes involved in immune signaling, intestinal absorption, and cell growth were among those more significantly affected by the HFP dietary intervention. The HFP diet influenced the expression of key genes such as ferritin, fatty acid synthase, apelin, and complement proteins, among others. There was a unique gene modified in all the intervention periods (Family with Sequence Similarity 117 Member A, Fam117A, which codifies a protein with unknown function), indicating that this molecule may participate critically in the effects induced by fiber and polyphenols during these periods. Conclusions: Overall, in rats, the influence of diet for a three-week period around birth is able to modulate the intestinal gene expression, and consequently, maternal health, which can eventually have an indirect impact on the offspring.
A Review of Food-Related Social Media and Its Relationship to Body Image and Disordered Eating
Authors: Roorda Bethany A. , Cassin Stephanie E.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Appearance-related social media, such as “thinspiration” and “fitspiration” posts, have been shown to contribute to poor body image and disordered eating. Food-related social media is becoming increasingly popular; however, far less is known about its relationship to body image and disordered eating. Methods: The current review searched PsycNet and PubMed (Medline) for all the literature examining food-related social media and its relationship with body image and/or disordered eating outcomes. Results: From 796 initial hits, the search identified 16 relevant studies. The study designs and types of media examined varied widely, including mukbang videos, food blogs, and “What I Eat In A Day” videos. Findings on the relationship between food-related social media and outcome variables were quite mixed, perhaps speaking to the wide variety of media included in the review. Conclusions: The existing literature is sparce, but overall, it suggests a potential relationship between food-related social media, negative body image, and disordered eating. Additional experimental research is needed to clarify outcomes for different media types (e.g., food blogs versus mukbang videos) and to determine the direction of causality for each.
Does Systematic Use of Small Doses of Vitamin D Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Effectively Correct Deficiency Among Healthy Adults?
Authors: Walawska-Hrycek Anna , Hrycek Eugeniusz , Galus Weronika , Jędrzejowska-Szypułka Halina , Krzystanek Ewa
Published: January 2025

Background: Calcitriol, beyond its well-established role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, contributes to immunological processes. No known vitamin D dosage regimen effectively corrects the deficiency while accounting for immunoregulatory effects. Therefore, the purpose of this assessment was to determine whether regular administration of low doses of vitamin D might correct deficiency and have immunoregulatory effects. Methods: A total of 35 healthy volunteers were asked to supplement with vitamin D daily at a dosage of 500 or 1000 IU, depending on the degree of deficiency, for 12 months. At the beginning of the study and after the end of the supplementation period, concentrations of 25(OH)D; PTH; total calcium; inorganic phosphorus; and the inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-10, TGF-β, and IFN-γ were determined in all participants. Results: Correction of vitamin D deficiency was achieved with accompanying decreases in PTH and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, while the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines remained stable. Conclusions: Therefore, regular vitamin D supplementation, even in small doses, effectively corrected the deficiency and had immunomodulatory effects.
Exploring Dietary Assessment Methods Used to Measure Individual Dietary Intakes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Under-Served Populations in High-Income Countries
Authors: Windus Janelle L. , Stewart Samantha J. , Adam Marc T. P. , Dodd Connor T. , Burrows Tracy L. , Collins Clare E. , Rollo Megan E.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: For low- and middle- income country (LMIC) settings, a global nutrition transition is rapidly emerging as diets shift, resulting in a dual burden of malnutrition. High quality dietary intake data for these populations is essential to understand dietary patterns contributing to these nutrition issues. New technology is emerging to address dietary assessment challenges; however, it is unknown how researchers conducting studies with LMIC populations or under-served groups in high-income countries adopt technology-assisted methods. This study aimed to describe the features of the dietary assessment methods used in these settings. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of members of an online international nutrition network was conducted. Participants completed an online questionnaire collecting data on dietary assessment method use, populations studied, and factors influencing method selection. Results: Of 45 participants (ranging from 27 to 60 years) who completed the questionnaire, 67% conducted dietary assessments in children aged 1–5 years, 60% in pregnant women and 60% in female adults. Dietary assessment was conducted predominantly in countries classified as LMIC (n = 50), compared to the assessment of vulnerable groups in high-income countries (n = 3). All participants reported using 24-h recalls, 80% used food frequency questionnaires, while 22% used image-based and 22% used image-assisted methods. Predominant modes were interviewer-administered, paper questionnaires and manual analysis; however, digital survey platforms were used by nearly half of participants. Conclusions: Although traditional dietary assessment methods continue to dominate in LMICs, evidence of technological-assisted method use is emerging. Technology-assisted methods, tailored to address challenges in collecting quality dietary intake data in LMICs, are becoming more accessible.
A Strengths-Based Approach to Increasing Nutrition Knowledge in Student-Athletes: The ‘Eat 2 Win’ Pilot Program
Authors: Fuller Andrea , Bird Stephen P.
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Proper nutrition and hydration are essential for the health, growth, and athletic performance of student-athletes. Adequate energy availability and sufficient intake of macro- and micronutrients support adolescent development, prevent nutrient deficiencies, and reduce the risk of disordered eating. These challenges are particularly relevant to student-athletes, who are vulnerable to nutrition misinformation and often exhibit limited nutrition knowledge. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the ‘Eat 2 Win’ nutrition education pilot program for high school student-athletes and assess changes in nutrition knowledge using the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire—Adolescents (NSKQ-a). Methods: Fifty-five high school student-athletes (14.1 ± 2.2 years; 53% male, 47% female) from the Bremer State High School Sports Academy participated in the ‘Eat 2 Win’ program. The curriculum was tailored to align with the nutritional needs of Australian high school student-athletes and included three interactive workshops on sports nutrition concepts, practical cooking classes, and online learning modules. Sessions were delivered onsite at the school over three consecutive weeks, once per week. Twenty-four participants (43.6%) completed all program components. Results: The program was feasible and well-accepted by participants. Nutrition knowledge, assessed in 16 participants using the NSKQ-a, revealing an overall knowledge increase of 9.7%, with sub-category improvements ranging from 3.1% to 34.4%. Conclusions: The ‘Eat 2 Win’ pilot program improved student-athletes’ nutrition knowledge, particularly in macronutrients and hydration. Participant feedback highlighted enjoyment and positive impacts. Targeted nutrition education programs like ‘Eat 2 Win’ can empower student-athletes to make informed dietary choices by addressing knowledge gaps, debunking nutrition myths, and fostering positive dietary behaviours. Future programs should emphasize energy intake, practical skills, and accessible, actionable information.
Effects of Dietary Habits on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Subjects with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: Comparison Between the Mediterranean Diet and a Gluten-Free Diet
Authors: Laganà Martina , Piticchio Tommaso , Alibrandi Angela , Le Moli Rosario , Pallotti Francesco , Campennì Alfredo , Cannavò Salvatore , Frasca Francesco , Ruggeri Rosaria Maddalena
Published: January 2025

Background: The Mediterranean diet (MedD) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects that are beneficial in autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD). Recently, a gluten-free diet (GFD) has been proposed for non-celiac patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), but its usefulness is under debate. The present pilot study evaluates the effects of these two dietary regimes, with a focus on redox homeostasis, in HT. Patients and Methods: 45 euthyroid HT patients (30 F; median age 42 years) were randomly assigned to different dietary regimes: MedD (n = 15), GFD (n = 15) and free diet (FD, n = 15). Thyroid function tests, autoantibodies, and oxidative stress markers (Advanced glycation end products, AGEs; glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TRxR), and total plasma antioxidant activity (TEAA) were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: In the MedD group, significantly lower values of AGEs and higher values of GPX, TRX and TEAA with anti-oxidant action were detected (p < 0.05) at 12 weeks compared to baseline, and compared to the GFD and FD groups, in which the oxidative stress parameters did not change significantly (p > 0.05). No significant differences in serum levels of TSH, FT4, Ab-Tg, Ab-TPO compared to baseline were found in any group. Conclusions: This pilot study confirms the protective effect of the MedD against oxidative stress, while a GFD does not significantly influence markers of oxidative stress and/or thyroid autoimmunity/function parameters.
Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design
Authors: Quaranta Judith , Darling Rosa , Chen Mei-Hsiu , DeMartino Julia , Kozlowski Madison
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Decreased well-being may be a precursor to mental health challenges. Mental health visits for 5–11-year-old children increased by 24% from 2019 to 2020. COVID-19 led to record high levels of anxiety and depression in young children. This highlights the need for early identification and intervention of decreased well-being to prevent progression to potential mental health issues. The purpose of our research was to develop the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© (PWBPS©), the first picture-based screening tool for ages 8–11 years, accessible to children regardless of their literacy, language skill, and developmental levels, allowing for quick screening for early referral and intervention. Methods: The mixed-methods research design included focus groups and one-on-one interviews for content and face validity, test/retest reliability, convergent validity, and exploratory factor analysis. Subjects were recruited from public elementary schools. Results: The numbers of participating subjects were as follows: N = 17 for focus groups; N = 12 for one-on-one interviews; N = 50 for test/retest reliability; and N = 237 for convergent validity. Thematic analysis resulted in a 10-item, 3-point picture-based Likert scale. The test/retest reliability demonstrated strong correlations, with an ICC of 0.823 (95% CI [0.690, 0.905]). The Cronbach’s alpha for all the administrations was 0.74, 0.74, 0.84, and 0.89. The convergent validity demonstrated correlation with the validated KIDSCREEN-10. The Spearman’s correlation was 0.64 (95% CI as [0.55, 0.71]). The cutoff for the PWBPS© was 18.5, which correlated to a score of 22 on the KIDSCREEN-10. All the items loaded on one component. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the PWBPS© is valid and reliable, allowing for quick and accurate assessments of children’s well-being and allowing for early intervention, which is key to reducing the negative effects of poor mental well-being.
Measurement Method of Refractive Index for Optical Lenses Based on Curvature Radius Fitting of Small-Sized Aspheric Surfaces
Authors: Zhong Tao , Guo Guangyan , Chow Yasong , Yang Yixuan , Zhang Tianhao , Yang Jiru , Lu Mingxuan , Wang Yonghuan , Zhu Yongjian , Jia Tianlei , Shi Yishi , Ke Changjun
Published: January 2025

The study of the refractive index of traditional lenses is one of the foundational topics in the field of optics. The refractive index of a lens determines its ability to refract and focus light, making it a key parameter in optical design and applications. For the measurement of the refractive index of blind samples of finished lenses, this paper proposes a measurement method based on the use of a focal length measuring instrument and an aspheric profilometer to measure the surface shape data of the front and back surfaces of the lens. This method combines curve fitting algorithms and curvature radius fitting algorithms, ultimately reconstructing the lens model using Zemax and back-calculating the refractive index of the lens. For the samples employed in this paper, the measurement accuracy of the focal length can achieve 1.06%, the fitting accuracy of the curvature radius can reach 0.138%, and the recovery accuracy of the refractive index can attain 6.303 × 10−4%.
A Case of Dibothriocephalosis (Dibothriocephalus latus) from Iseo Lake (Northern Italy): An Update on a Persistent Sanitary Issue
Authors: Menconi Vasco , Guardone Lisa , Lazzaro Elena , Bottazzo Romina , Besutti Valeria , Danesi Patrizia , Manfrin Amedeo , Basso Andrea , Arcangeli Giuseppe , Cortinovis Luana , Bilska-Zając Ewa , Angeloni Giorgia
Published: January 2025

Dibothriocephalosis is a fish-borne parasitic zoonosis that is caused by tapeworms of the Dibothriocephalus (syn. Diphyllobothrium) genus. This paper describes a human case of dibothriocephalosis associated with the consumption of a presumably infected fish, prepared at a restaurant near Iseo Lake (northern Italy). A month after, the patient found a segment of a worm in her stool. Molecular analysis identified it as Dibothriocephalus latus (syn. Diphyllobothrium latum). Several studies reported D. latus infections in patients from the subalpine regions of Switzerland, France, and Italy, but no cases have been reported from this area in the last 10 years. This report updates the epidemiology of dibothriocephalosis and emphasises the importance of collaboration among healthcare institutions for a prompt diagnosis and the need for food safety education for Food Business Operators and consumers to reduce transmission risks.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of the First Imported Mpox Virus Clade Ib Variant in China
Authors: Song Yin , Yan Yong , Xu Jingyu , Lv Shencong , Ren Ganglin , Zhou Yamei , Song Wanchen , Ge Rui , Xu Peihua , Zhu Guoying , Chen Zhongwen
Published: January 2025

Mpox, a zoonotic disease caused by the mpox virus (MPXV), has seen a significant shift in its epidemiological status since 2022, evolving from an initial local outbreak to a global epidemic. This recent outbreak of MPXV mainly emerged in several European and American countries and subsequently spread to over 100 countries and regions worldwide. The rapid evolution of MPXV, coupled with increased international interactions, has led to a gradual rise in mpox cases in certain regions of Asia, mostly involving MPXV clade II and its branch strains. In contrast, the more pathogenic and clinically severe MPXV clade Ib has been relatively rare, with no reports in China to date. Here, we analyzed the whole gene sequence of imported MPXV clade Ib variant from the first infection case detected in China. Through whole genome sequencing, we successfully obtained a full-length MPXV genome of 195,405 base pairs (bp). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic sequence of the MPXV in this case was predominantly clustered with MPXV clade Ib sequences previously reported from multiple African and European countries. Compared with the MPXV clade Ib reference strain DQ011155.1, there are 127 nucleotide alterations and 57 amino acid mutations in the MPXV genome of this case. Given that the MPXV clade Ib has started to appear in China, we must pay more attention to the prevention of and control measures for the spread of mpox.
The Effect of Weed Control with Pre-Emergence Herbicides on the Yield Level of Mung Bean Yield
Authors: Jing Cailing , Wang Junying , Wu Yonghong , Zhou Yufan , Zhu Huijun , Zhang Yaowen , Dong Shuqi , Li Xiaorui , Zhao Juan , Cao Junli , Yuan Xiangyang , Song Xi’e
Published: January 2025

The mung bean (Vigna radiata (Linn) Wilczek.) is a major grain crop in China, but its yield is significantly impacted by weeds. However, no pre-emergence herbicides are registered for mung bean fields in the China Pesticide Information Network. Screening for efficient and safe pre-emergence herbicides could improve mung bean production efficiency. In this study, six pre-emergence herbicides were selected: 480 g/L alachlor (1935.00 g a.i ha−1), 720 g/L metolachlor (1620.00 g a.i ha−1), 100 g/L imazethapyr (100.50 g a.i ha−1), 338 g/L oxadiazon (507.00 g a.i ha−1), 330 g/L pendimethalin (144.00 g a.i ha−1), and 480 g/L trifluralin (720.00 g a.i ha−1). Through Petri dish screening, a spraying treatment was carried out before seed germination. By measuring the root length and shoot length, imazethapyr (100.50 g a.i ha−1) and oxadiazon (507.00 g a.i ha−1) were screened out. They were applied to potted plants and sprayed after sowing. The results showed that imazethapyr (100.50 g a.i. ha−1) and oxadiazon (507.00 g a.i. ha−1) had no inhibitory effect on the growth and development of the mung bean. Subsequently, experiments were conducted with imazethapyr (100.50 g a.i ha−1) and oxadiazon (507.00 g a.i ha−1) applied in the field. Compared to the control, under imazethapyr (100.50 g a.i ha−1) and oxadiazon (507.00 g a.i ha−1), the agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigment content, yield, and yield components were not inhibited; the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase were increased; and gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence were not inhibited. In addition, soil urease activity decreased and soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity increased after 60 d of treatment. In summary, imazethapyr and oxadiazon can effectively control weeds and increase mung bean yield. The purpose of this study is to screen out safe and efficient pre-emergence herbicides suitable for the Shanxi mung bean, which is of great significance due to its large-scale planting industrialization and the development of advantageous industries.