bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Smart Glass Technology
Authors: Tong Shi Wun , Chai Jian Wei , Ng Man Fai
Published: December 2023

The multi-layered MoS2 with alkali metal intercalation was prepared on the transparent conductor by the sulfurization of MoO3, followed by the subsequent electrochemical sodiation process. The layered structure of MoS2 could endow the efficient electron/ion transport pathways for fast charge transfer. Together with the good ion storage and conductive behavior, the MoS2 pursues its potential in electrochemical applications.
Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Wire Explosion for Superhydrophobic Applications
Authors: Balela Mary Donnabelle L. , Cordura Stephen Louis
Published: December 2023

Wire explosion technique was explored for producing ZnO nanoparticles. The ZnO nanoparticles were spherical with diameters less than 20 nm. The as-prepared nanoparticles are a mixture of Zn and ZnO based on the XRD analysis. However, the remaining Zn was oxidized upon sonication in the presence of oxygen gas. The ZnO nanoparticles were dispersed in ethanol and deposited on glass before dipping in a stearic acid solution. The coated glass exhibited a static water contact angle of nearly 150°, indicating excellent water repellency.
Flexural Characterization of Concrete Beams Reinforced with 3D-Printed Formworks
Authors: Junaid M. Talha , Alhalabi Mohamad , Mostafa Omar , Barakat Samer
Published: December 2023

3D printing has been on the rise in recent times and the civil engineering industry has adopted this technology due to its various advantages. However, printing is largely restricted to concrete members while the reinforcement is introduced manually. The current work looks at the possibility of using 3D printed thermoplastics as formwork and reinforcement for concrete beams. Three different polymeric materials, namely PETG, PLA, and TPU were utilized in this research to fabricate formwork-like reinforcement for 150×150×500 mm concrete beams. The reinforcements were 3D-printed using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) printer in the shape of a formwork to serve as moulds and external reinforcement. The reinforcing formwork geometry was designed with trapezoidal corrugations to ensure strong bonding with the concrete. The beams were tested in four-point bending configuration, and their flexural behaviour was characterized and compared with plain and steel reinforced concrete (RC) reference beams. Results indicate that all 3D printed beams reached a load capacity of around 30 kN. The post-peak behaviour of these beams was dependent on the type of polymer used. The PLA and TPU reinforced beams exhibit large post-peak deflection however their load carrying capacity was compromised, while the PETG exhibited a strain hardening behaviour but with much lower deflections. Overall, the results indicate that 3D-printed thermoplastics are a promising economical alternative to the conventional steel reinforcement.
Isotherm Adsorption Kinetics Study of Methylene Blue on Reduced Graphene Oxide from Borassus flabelifer L Fiber
Authors: Prasetya Fandi Angga , Bintang Steven Dwi , Maulana Mukhammad Saifudin , Pratiwi Dian , Arba’a Maulidsya Qalam , Nugrahani Elita Fidiya , Kurniati Yuni , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Reduced graphene Oxide (RGO) was synthesized from treated Borassus Flabelifer L. The Isotherms adsorption kinetics of methylene blue on RGO was studied in this research. Borassus Flabelifer L as the raw material was heated at 650°C, 750°C, 850°C for 2 hours with the flowing of nitrogen gas. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) used to clarify the RGO phase. The surface morphology was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), meanwhile the absorbance of methylene blue on RGO studied by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The surface area of ​​RGO with 70.31 m2/gr; 110.90 m2/gr and 25.52 m2/gr when heated at 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C, respectively. The RGO phase was obtained through the XRD measurement at all activation temperatures. SEM and surface area measurement proved that the activation temperature of 750°C, was the optimum temperature where the RGO has more pores and a larger surface area. Based on the study of adsorption kinetics, the highest adsorption efficiency was obtained at 850°C.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Plated Gold Nanostars for Biomedical and Sensing Applications
Authors: Razmi Nasrin , Ngok Sreymean , Willander Magnus , Liu Xianjie , Nur Omer
Published: December 2023

The physiochemical and optical characteristics of nanoscale colloids rely on their chemical composition, shape, and size. Gold nanostars are anisotropic multibranched nanoparticles with a central core and several sharp delicate tips, command significant attention in nanodiagnostic, imaging and sensing applications. Anisotropic nanoparticle’s shape, size and tips are of a great importance dominating their properties and performance in biomedical applications and sensing strategies which require optimization. Several factors can affect these features. In this regard, silver seed mediated goldnanostars were synthesized and characterized using different characterization techniques. Furthermore, the effect of the gold solution concentration on the morphology of the synthesized gold nanostars was investigated. Result indicated successful synthesis of gold nanostars with high yield and multiple sharp branches. EDX line scanning profile of the gold nanostars showed that there is a thin coating of silver in the shell of the nanostructures. Moreover, further analysis of TEM images of AuNSs in atomic scale resolution demonstrated that there are no dislocations and defects in the structure of the synthesized gold nanostars. Positive zeta potential of 42.3 mV confirmed good stability against aggregation in terms of charge stabilization. Synthesized anisotropic gold nanostars with near-infrared surface plasmon resonance in which tissue absorption and autofluorescence are minimized, can be used for multiple purposes on the biomedical field and sensing assays.
Effects of Different Level Changes of Ultrasonic Energy on the Formation of Silver-Aluminum [Ag-Al] Intermetallic Compounds after Thermal Stressing and on the Formation of Kirkendall Voids
Authors: Miranda Glenn Carlo M. , de Yro Persia Ada N.
Published: December 2023

Kirkendall voids have always been a reliability issue in recent wire bonding technologies in semiconductor package using gold and copper wires. The unpredictable manifestation of these voids has paved the way for a lot of process improvements, parameter optimizations, and material improvements, aiming to alleviate the formation of voids. Predicting when these voids would likely to start to manifest themselves will give us an understanding as to how to improve wire bonding at time-zero, especially on the formation of the intermetallic coverage (IMC) at time-zero. Augmenting different levels of ultrasonic (US) energy at wire bonding gave us different IMC morphologies and thickness at time-zero, which were compared and analyzed through statistical analysis and through a mathematical model. The collective data of each US energy for both time-zero and after each thermal aging, showed when will Kirkendall voids would likely to occur on silver-aluminum [Ag-Al] intermetallics, and if these voids are detrimental to the integrity of the wire bond interphase [Ag3Al] or if it’s still acceptable within the device’s projected lifetime. The survival of the device at the 1000th HTS mark, reveals the reliability of using silver wires for automotive devices in the semiconductor industry today. Furthermore, the overall behavior of [Ag-Al] intermetallics in IM layer thickness can be predicted through an optimized set of parameters at time zero, but its overall numerical behavior can be quite different. Nevertheless, it has been proven through this thesis, that the [Ag-Al] intermetallics can survive 1000 hours of HTS, with different US energy level applications at time-zero.
No Evidence That Analgesic Use after COVID-19 Vaccination Negatively Impacts Antibody Responses
Authors: Lafleur Bonnie J , White Lisa , Dake Michael D , Nikolich Janko Z , Sprissler Ryan , Bhattacharya Deepta
Published: December 2023

Uptake of mRNA vaccines, especially booster immunizations, against COVID-19 has been lower than hoped, perhaps in part due to their reactogenicity. Analgesics might alleviate symptoms associated with vaccination, but they might also impact immune responses. We semiquantitatively measured Ab responses following COVID-19 vaccination in 2354 human participants surveyed about analgesic use after vaccination. Participants who used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or acetaminophen after vaccination showed elevated Ab levels against the receptor-binding domain of Spike protein relative to those who did not use analgesics. This pattern was observed for both mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 and across age groups. Participants who used analgesics more frequently reported fatigue, muscle aches, and headaches than did those who did not use painkillers. Among participants who reported these symptoms, we observed no statistically significant differences in Ab levels irrespective of analgesic use. These data suggest that elevated Ab levels are associated with symptoms and inflammatory processes rather than painkiller use per se. Taken together, we find no evidence that analgesic use reduces Ab responses after COVID-19 vaccination. Recommendation of their use to alleviate symptoms might improve uptake of booster immunizations.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells inhibited inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells by regulating Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Lin Qiong , Yu Tianxing , Li Xiaohua , Lin Xin , Fan Yong , Xu Liyu
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) in regulating inflammation of bronchial epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) was used to induce inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell proliferation was detected through CCK8 and cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V and propidium iodide double staining. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by immunofluorescence, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in culture medium supernatant were detected by ELISA. The expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Gli1 and Snail was detected by Western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, bronchial epithelial cells treated with TGF-β1 showed significantly decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, increased expression of α-SMA, Shh, Gli1 and Snail and decreased E-cadherin expression. However, co-culture with UCMSCs inhibited TGF-β1-induced changes in human bronchial epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and activation of the Hedgehog pathway. In conclusion, UCMSCs have protective effects on TGF-β1-induced inflammation in human bronchial epithelial cells by regulating the Hedgehog pathway.
Balchaturbhadra Churna as a potential medicine for SARS-CoV2 infection in pediatric setting
Authors: Choudhary Kuldeep R. , Thrigulla Saketh Ram , Gundeti Manohar S. , Mantena Pratyusha , Koulgi Shruti , Jani Vinod , Uppuladinne V. N. Mallikarjunachari , Sonavane Uddhavesh , Joshi Rajendra , Prasad Goli Penchala , Reddy R. Govind , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: December 2023

Background:

Balachaturbhadra Churna (BC), Ayurvedic powder dosage form, has four ingredients (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle, Pistacia integerrima stew. Ex brandis, Piper longum Linn., and Cyperus rotundus linn.), which is commonly prescribed for treating fever, cough, and diarrhea in a pediatric setting.

Aim:

The present study evaluates the possible antiviral effect of phytochemicals from the ingredients of BC on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (MPro), Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), and spike-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (SA) complex through in silico evaluation.

Materials and methods:

X-ray crystal structure of MPro and Spike-Ace (SA) complex with Protein Data Bank (PDB) IDs 6LU7 and 6LZG and the SWISS model of RdRP were used as the drug targets. An enhanced docking methodology has been implemented to perform the molecular docking of these phytochemicals against the above-mentioned drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. DOCK6 was used to perform the docking of these phytochemicals. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) and drug likeliness properties for these selected phytochemicals were performed using SWISS ADME.

Results:

The ensemble docking studies suggest that aconitine, lappaaconitine from Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ex Royle, 2’-hydroxyisorientin from Pistacia integerrima stew. Ex brandis, and guineesine, pipercide and piperoic acid from Piper longum Linn. hold the potential to bind favorably with the SARS-CoV-2 drug targets. The drug-likeliness and ADMET properties were calculated for these phytochemicals indicating that all three phytochemicals from Piper longum were observed to have considerate drug-likeliness and ADMET properties. Aconitine has a molecular weight slightly higher than 500 kDA and has more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors.

Conclusion:

The in silico study demonstrates that phytochemicals present in BC viz., aconitine, lappaaconitine from Aconitum heterophyllum, 2’-hydroxyisorientin from Pistacia intergerrima and guineesine, pipercide, and piperoic acid from Piper longum hold the potential to bind favourably with the SARS-CoV-2 drug targets. The study also provides evidence for drug likeliness and ADMET properties for these phytochemicals suggesting that BC can be further studied as a potential drug of choice for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection to avert post-infectious disease, characterized by multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in rare cases and other similar conditions in the pediatric setting.
Knowledge and Perception Regarding Endodontic Treatment in an Indian Population
Authors: Singh Abhinav Kumar
Published: December 2023

Background:

One big issue patients tend to have with RCTs is the number of appointments needed to finish care.

Aim:

The goal of this research was to gage public understanding of the value of avoiding tooth replacement by examining attitudes toward root canal therapy and comparing that to the option of replacing a single tooth with an implant.

Materials and Methods:

An electronic survey was sent out to the public throughout widely used social networks in India, surveys excluded from the study were those filled by participants under the age of 18 years and participants who work in a dental-related profession. Statistical analysis was done to test for significance.

Results:

Over 100 participants have filled out the survey, overall, the majority preferred endodontic treatment over implant replacement; however, there seems to be a misconception regarding the endodontic procedure, mainly in terms of the amount of pain during treatment and the number of visits required to complete the treatment.

Conclusion:

Based on the results of the study, it can be speculated that most of the treatments were performed by less experienced clinicians, indicating the necessity to further indicate the referring system followed by practices, and the quality of treatment provided to the public.
Comparative Evaluation of the Shaping Ability of the Recent, Fifth-generation ProTaper Next and Revo-S NiTi Rotary Endodontic Files Using Three-dimensional Imaging: An Imaging-based Study
Authors: Pattanaik Prajna , Balasubramanian Akilan , Veeralakshmi P. , Singh Gautam , Sadananda Vandana , Ahmed Hina , Babu J. Suresh , Swarnalatha C. , Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: December 2023

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to assess the shaping ability of the recent, fifth-generation ProTaper Next and Revo-S NiTi rotary endodontic files using three-dimensional imaging.

Materials and Methods:

For the present in vitro study, 100 freshly extracted mandibular first molars indicated for extraction due to periodontal reasons were collected, while samples were cleaned and the angle of curvature was determined using Weine’s method. The access cavity was prepared using Endo Access Kit, while samples were divided into four groups to be prepared by ProTaper Next and Revo-S rotary endodontic files with or without using Glide path. The canal preparations were done in conjunction with Endo Prep RC, while the shaping ability of the instruments was assessed on the basis of canal transportation and canal-centering ability as assessed from pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography images acquired before and after instrumentation. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Kruskal–Wallis H-test was used to compare canal transportation and canal-centering ability of the two file systems among different groups. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Revo-S files when used with Glide path performed best at 2 mm distance from the apical portion of teeth with zero apical transportation in case of both mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual canals. Furthermore, ProTaper Next files when used with or without Glide path showed higher canal-centering ability as compared to Revo-S files with the mean value being 0.83 ± 0.29 mm in either case when observed at 2 mm distance from the apical portion of teeth in case of MB canals.

Conclusions:

Within the limitations of the present study, the findings obtained in the study suggested that ProTaper Next files had optimal canal-centering ability within the canal as compared to Revo-S files.
Solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau equations with vorticity concentrating near a nondegenerate geodesic
Authors: Colinet Andrew , Jerrard Robert , Sternberg Peter
Published: December 2023

It is well-known that under suitable hypotheses, for a sequence of solutions of the (simplified) Ginzburg–Landau equations

-\Delta u_{\varepsilon} +\varepsilon^{-2}(|u_{\varepsilon}|^{2}-1)u_{\varepsilon} = 0

, the energy and vorticity concentrate as

\varepsilon\to 0

around a codimension

2

stationary varifold – a (measure-theoretic) minimal surface. Much less is known about the question of whether, given a codimension

2

minimal surface, there exists a sequence of solutions for which the given minimal surface is the limiting concentration set. The corresponding question is very well-understood for minimal hypersurfaces and the scalar Allen–Cahn equation, and for the Ginzburg–Landau equations when the minimal surface is locally area-minimizing, but otherwise quite open. We consider this question on a

3

-dimensional closed Riemannian manifold

(M,g)

, and we prove that any embedded nondegenerate closed geodesic can be realized as the asymptotic energy/ vorticity concentration set of a sequence of solutions of the Ginzburg–Landau equations.
On the regularity of the De Gregorio model for the 3D Euler equations
Authors: Chen Jiajie
Published: December 2023

We study the regularity of the De Gregorio (DG) model

\omega_{t} + u\omega_{x} = u_{x} \omega

on

S^{1}

for initial data

\omega_{0}

with period

\pi

and in class

X

:

\omega_{0}

is odd and

\omega_{0} \leq 0

(or

\omega_{0} \geq 0

) on

[0,\pi/2]

. These sign and symmetry properties are the same as those of the smooth initial data that lead to singularity formation of the De Gregorio model on

\mathbb{R}

or the generalized Constantin–Lax–Majda (gCLM) model on

\mathbb{R}

or

S^{1}

with a positive parameter. Thus, to establish global regularity of the DG model for general smooth initial data, which is a conjecture on the DG model, an important step is to rule out potential finite time blowup from smooth initial data in

X

. We accomplish this by establishing a one-point blowup criterion and proving global well-posedness for initial data

\omega_{0} \in H^{1} \cap X

with

\omega_{0}(x) x^{-1}\in L^{\inf}

. On the other hand, for any

\alpha \in (0,1)

, we construct a finite time blowup solution from a class of initial data with

\omega_{0} \in C^{\alpha}\cap C^{\infty}(S^{1} \setminus \{0\}) \cap X

. Our results imply that singularities developed in the DG model and the gCLM model on

S^{1}

can be prevented by stronger advection.
Research Material and Feedback on the Innovative Training of Teachers of Foreign Languages in Slovakia
Authors: Birova Jana
Published: December 2023

The aim of the contribution is to present an evaluation of the innovative and updating education of teachers of French who participated in the Erasmus+ project “With French on the Horizon” (ID 2021-1-SK01-KA122-SCH-000014674). Teachers involved in the project who teach French and English at primary and secondary schools in Slovakia took part in the assessment (31 mobilities). The hybrid mobility in Nice brought its fruit in the form of 70 hours of training course education for 20 participants and 56 hours of education for three participants. Job-shadowing mobility in Besancon with a bonus training course brought 50 hours of training for seven participants, while job-shadowing mobility in CFAIE Val-de-Reuil was an extra mobility for one teacher. The teachers stated their high level of satisfaction with the Erasmus+ training courses They also prepared a lot of useful activities that were then published in a book. All the training participants received an international certificate of successful completion, and were offered the opportunity to complete their training by presenting their work and defending it through recognition of innovative education at the national level. Registered and completed participants were issued a certificate of innovative training education. Since the defences took place as a dissemination exchange of knowledge for other teachers of the French language, the participants of these disseminations were also issued certificates for updating training education at the national level.
Tveganja in priložnosti načrtovanja pouka nemščine s pomočjo jezikovnega modela ChatGPT
Authors: Retelj Andreja
Published: December 2023

V članku prikazujemo analizo učnih priprav, ki jih je ustvaril veliki jezikovni model ChatGPT, in se sprašujemo, kakšen vir informacij lahko tovrstne priprave predstavljajo (bodočim) učiteljem in učiteljicam nemščine.
Ugotavljamo, da so učne priprave, ki jih ponudi ChatGPT, podobne običajnim zgledom načrta za učno enoto, kot jih poznamo v praksi. ChatGPT predlaga tako strukturni kot tudi procesni del didaktične enote. Čeprav je strukturni del glede na prakso nekoliko pomanjkljiv, a se vseeno z izpisom zadovoljimo, pa se več problematičnih točk pojavlja v procesnem delu generiranih priprav. Predlagane dejavnosti za doseganje določenega učnega cilja so pogosto premalo osredinjene na učenca in učenje. Učenec sicer sodeluje v učnem procesu, vendar je njegova vloga omejena pretežno na vadenje in urjenje, ni pa zaznati aktivne participacije pri odločitvah. Glavni posredovalec znanja je učitelj, saj učenja z odkrivanjem ali raziskovanjem ali problemskega pristopa skoraj nismo zasledili. Vsebinsko so učne priprave popolnoma prazne, saj ne vsebujejo nobenih napotkov, katero konkretno vsebino se pri določeni učni uri obravnava. ChatGPT pri izdelavi priprav ne upošteva dovolj natančno razlik glede na stopnje, določene po SEJO. Terminološko ChatGPT poskrbi za pravo zmedo, saj nekatere ustaljene izraze s področja didaktike in tujejezikovne didaktike popolnoma napačno uporablja, nekatere med seboj pomeša ali občasno uporabi termine, ki so v slovenščini neustrezni.
Kljub veliko pomanjkljivostim, ki smo jih prepoznali, pa vseeno lahko to orodje bodočim učiteljem in učiteljicam pomaga pri uresničevanju nekaterih didaktično-metodičnih načel sodobnega pouka tujega jezika, saj v pripravah najdemo tudi dobre primere dejavnosti za spodbujanje interakcije, avtomatizacije in evalvacije. Da bi bodoči učitelji in učiteljice nemščine nevarnosti in določene potenciale ChatGPT-ja znali izluščiti, pa jim je v času študija nujno treba omogočiti, da v luči različnih teorij izdelke ChatGPT-ja kritično vrednotijo.
Gamificación en los cursos de español para los adultos mayores
Authors: Šifrar Kalan Marjana , Hudournik Klara , Ličen Nives
Published: December 2023

Este trabajo pretende arrojar luz sobre el uso de la gamificación en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera en adultos mayores. A través de una experiencia organizada de gamificación y de grupos focales en cursos de español para mayores, la investigación recaba información sobre los efectos que los participantes consideran que tiene la gamificación en su propio aprendizaje, cómo afecta al desarrollo de su motivación intrínseca o extrínseca, y cómo experimentan los diferentes elementos de la gamificación. Asimismo, utilizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas desde la perspectiva de profesores de lenguas extranjeras en cursos para adultos mayores para averiguar cuál es el papel del profesor y a qué obstáculos o retos se enfrentan al implementar la gamificación.
Los resultados mostraron que tanto los participantes como los profesores percibían mayoritariamente resultados positivos de la gamificación, siendo el principal efecto un aumento de la motivación. Algunos elementos de la gamificación (p. ej., retroalimentación, niveles, participación, límite de tiempo, relación con las personas, progresión, retos) fueron identificados por los participantes como apropiados, mientras que otros (p. ej., avatar, escalas, puntos, competición y exclusión) fueron evaluados como menos adecuados, entre los cuales destaca como menos deseable el elemento de competición. Los participantes aceptan mejor los juegos cooperativos que los competitivos, ya que valoran más la socialización. Por lo que respecta a los profesores, se enfrentan a retos relacionados con las características del aprendizaje de los mayores, la elaboración de la gamificación, las competencias digitales y el equipamiento de las personas mayores para aplicar la gamificación digital.
Evaluating Street Character Using the 3D Fractal Analysis Method: Lefkoşa
Authors:   Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey, Kartal Selim , Inceoglu Mehmet ,   Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir Turkey
Published: December 2023

The aim of this article is to reveal the mathematical dimension behind the complex structure of architectural fabric through a three-dimensional analysis. Given that the architectural character, which has evolved under the influence of various cultures over time, is crucial for urban integrity and sustainability, understanding the mathematical dimension underlying this character is of great importance for new designs and interventions in existing urban fabric. Therefore, streets in the Arabahmet neighbourhood of Lefkoşa Suriçi, which best represents the traditional fabric, were examined using a three-dimensional fractal analysis method. The analyses indicate that, in general, the fractal dimension values of the residential fabric-created streets are above 2.52, demonstrating a high level of character and complexity in these streets. Additionally, the fractal dimension values of these streets are close to each other, supporting the spatial and mass consistency of different streets within the same neighbourhood.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO MERCADO DE OPÇÕES PARA O GERENCIAMENTO DE RISCO DOS INVESTIMENTOS EM AÇÕES
Authors: Silva Daniel Rodrigues da
Published: December 2023

Para administrar os investimentos pessoais de uma forma eficiente e eficaz é necessário considerar uma série de variáveis como um planejamento financeiro, definição de percentuais que serão aplicados em renda fixa e renda variável, é necessário entender o perfil do investidor, o objetivo dos investimentos, se é para curto ou longo prazo, pensar em diversificação entre outros, além disso, é importante fazer um bom gerenciamento de risco. Pesquisas e estudos voltados para o entendimento do gerenciamento de risco em investimentos no mercado de ações é de vital importância. Nesse sentido, esse trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar e entender como o investidor pode fazer uma gestão de risco de investimentos no mercado de ações através do mercado de opções. Este estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Os trabalhos encontrados foram essenciais para o embasamento do autor e o resultado foi muito satisfatório, pois permitiu entender os diversos conceitos sobre o mercado de opções e sua aplicabilidade para a proteção dos investimentos em ações, além disso, foi possível entender que esse mercado é muito volátil e tem um potencial e tanto para gerar lucro ou prejuízo e o tempo é um fator primordial. Como este estudo refere-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica e não visa a exploração total do assunto e além disso, apresentou uma série significativa de variáveis, sugere-se pesquisas experimentais para um fortalecimento.
O PROCESSO DE GESTÃO DE QUALIDADE NAS INSTITUIÇÕES ESCOLARES
Authors: Ferreira Debora Cristina Domingos , Bueno Andréia , Viana Evany Pereira , Laet Lucas Estevão Fernandes , Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho intitulado como “O Processo de Gestão de Qualidade nas Instituições Escolares”, tem como objetivo geral investigar as vantagens de efetivação e promoção de um processo de gestão da qualidade na educação. Este trabalho foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. A qualidade no processo educacional possui várias definições, que dependem da visão sob a qual é estudado. A gestão de qualidade na educação procura o aperfeiçoamento dos sistemas, sem considerar a sua concepção aplicável. Atualmente as transformações que abalam a sociedade, tal como a chegada das novas tecnologias, entre elas as de uso na educação, são alguns dos elementos que forçam as organizações a estudarem seus sistemas e fazer com que sejam mais eficientes. A gestão da qualidade de educação precisa ser levada em consideração como uma união de princípios e procedimentos para a aproximação e colaboração de todos os agentes da comunidade escolar que acontece por meio de um padrão ou metodologia que possibilite o cuidado dos modelos de desempenho e fundamente a procura de um aperfeiçoamento constante.
O PAPEL DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS E DE INFORMAÇÃO NOS CURRÍCULOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Krohling Joana Paula Ramos , Silva Glyciane Vieira da , Junior Izaias Nunes de Lima , Passos Luiz Marcelo , Dill Thaís Freitas
Published: December 2023

Competências e habilidades necessárias para o cotidiano deverão nortear, orientar explicitamente ou implicitamente os sistemas escolares, norteando o sentido da educação e da instituição escolar. Frente a isso, fazemos a pergunta de pesquisa: como as tecnologias digitais e de informação poderão ser incorporadas as concepções curriculares das instituições de ensino? Assim, objetivou-se realizar um levantamento bibliográfico afim de elucidar a importância, desafios e facilitadores da incorporação das tecnologias digitais e de informação nos currículos escolares. Realizou-se uma busca por publicações na base de dados Google Acadêmico. Foi feita uma associação e combinação entre as palavras-chave: “educação”, “tecnologia digital e de informação”, “web currículo” e “currículos escolares”. Entende-se que o currículo deverá expressar concretamente as finalidades e realidades sociais e culturais estabelecidos para a educação escolar de um país, num dado contexto histórico e social. Assim este deverá ter incorporado em suas concepções e bases pedagógicas as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação respondendo a realidade da presença destas no cotidiano dos indivíduos. Essa incorporação traz várias vantagens ao processo ensino aprendizagem, como por exemplo, a oportunidade de personalização do processo, ampliação das possibilidades de aquisição de conhecimento e interação rápida e facilitada entre os diversos atores educacionais. Os desafios a essa incorporação estão na lacuna formativa dos professores sobre essa temática limitando as tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação a meras ferramentas para o processo educativo, não contemplado a necessária reflexão sobre o uso destas dentro do cotidiano. Além disso, há as concepções educativas tradicionais frequentes e majoritárias dentro dos currículos convencionais.
Multidimensional Linear Cryptanalysis of Feistel Ciphers
Authors: Aşkın Özdemir Betül , Beyne Tim , Rijmen Vincent
Published: December 2023

This paper presents new generic attacks on Feistel ciphers that incorporate the key addition at the input of the non-invertible round function only. This feature leads to a specific vulnerability that can be exploited using multidimensional linear cryptanalysis. More specifically, our approach involves using key-independent linear trails so that the distribution of a combination of the plaintext and ciphertext can be computed. This makes it possible to use the likelihood-ratio test as opposed to the χ2 test. We provide theoretical estimates of the cost of our generic attacks and verify these experimentally by applying the attacks to CAST-128 and LOKI91. The theoretical and experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed attacks lead to significant reductions in data-complexity in several interesting cases.
Commutative Cryptanalysis Made Practical
Authors: Baudrin Jules , Felke Patrick , Leander Gregor , Neumann Patrick , Perrin Léo , Stennes Lukas
Published: December 2023

About 20 years ago, Wagner showed that most of the (then) known techniques used in the cryptanalysis of block ciphers were particular cases of what he called commutative diagram cryptanalysis. However, to the best of our knowledge, this general framework has not yet been leveraged to find concrete attacks.In this paper, we focus on a particular case of this framework and develop commutative cryptanalysis, whereby an attacker targeting a primitive E constructs affine permutations A and B such that E ○ A = B ○ E with a high probability, possibly for some weak keys. We develop the tools needed for the practical use of this technique: first, we generalize differential uniformity into “A-uniformity” and differential trails into “commutative trails”, and second we investigate the commutative behaviour of S-box layers, matrix multiplications, and key additions.Equipped with these new techniques, we find probability-one distinguishers using only two chosen plaintexts for large classes of weak keys in both a modified Midori and in Scream. For the same weak keys, we deduce high probability truncated differentials that can cover an arbitrary number of rounds, but which do not correspond to any high probability differential trails. Similarly, we show the existence of a trade-off in our variant of Midori whereby the probability of the commutative trail can be decreased in order to increase the weak key density. We also show some statistical patterns in the AES super S-box that have a much higher probability than the best differentials, and which hold for a class of weak keys of density about 2−4.5.
On Large Tweaks in Tweakable Even-Mansour with Linear Tweak and Key Mixing
Authors: Cogliati Benoît , Ethan Jordan , Jha Ashwin , Kanti Saha Soumya
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we provide the first analysis of the Iterated Tweakable Even-Mansour cipher with linear tweak and key (or tweakey) mixing, henceforth referred as TEML, for an arbitrary tweak(ey) size kn for all k ≥ 1, and arbitrary number of rounds r ≥ 2. Note that TEML captures the high-level design paradigm of most of the existing tweakable block ciphers (TBCs), including SKINNY, Deoxys, TweGIFT, TweAES etc. from a provable security point of view. At ASIACRYPT 2015, Cogliati and Seurin initiated the study of TEML by showing that 4-round TEML with a 2n-bit uniform at random key, and n-bit tweak is secure up to 22n/3 queries. In this work, we extend this line of research in two directions. First, we propose a necessary and sufficient class of linear tweakey schedules to absorb mn-bit tweak(ey) material in a minimal number of rounds, for all m ≥ 1. Second, we give a rigorous provable security treatment for r-round TEML, for all r ≥ 2. In particular, we first show that the 2r-round TEML with a (2r + 1)n-bit key, αn-bit tweak, and a special class of tweakey schedule is IND-CCA secure up to O(2r−α/r n) queries. Our proof crucially relies on the use of the coupling technique to upper-bound the statistical distance of the outputs of TEML cipher from the uniform distribution. Our main echnical contribution is a novel approach for computing the probability of failure in coupling, which could be of independent interest for deriving tighter bounds in coupling-based security proofs. Next, we shift our focus to the chosen-key setting, and show that (r + 3)-round TEML, with rn bits of tweakey material and a special class of tweakey schedule, offers some form of resistance to chosen-key attacks. We prove this by showing that r + 3 rounds of TEML are both necessary and sufficient for sequential indifferentiability. As a consequence of our results, we provide a sound provable security footing for the TWEAKEY framework, a high level design rationale of popular TBC.
Cascading Four Round LRW1 is Beyond Birthday Bound Secure
Authors: Datta Nilanjan , Dey Shreya , Dutta Avijit , Mandal Sougata
Published: December 2023

In CRYPTO’02, Liskov et al. introduced the concept of a tweakable block cipher, a novel symmetric key primitive with promising applications. They put forth two constructions for designing such tweakable block ciphers from conventional block ciphers: LRW1 and LRW2. While subsequent efforts extended LRW2 to achieve security beyond the birthday bound (e.g., cascaded LRW2 in CRYPTO’12 by Landecker et al.), the extension of LRW1 remained unexplored until Bao et al.’s work in EUROCRYPT’20 that considered cascaded LRW1, a one-round extension of LRW1 - entailing masking the LRW1 output with the given tweak and re-encrypting it with the same block cipher. They showed that CLRW1 offers security up to 22n/3 queries. However, this result was challenged by Khairallah’s recent birthday bound distinguishing attack on cascaded LRW1, effectively refuting the security claim of Bao et al. Consequently, a pertinent research question emerges: How many rounds of cascaded LRW1 are required to obtain security beyond the birthday bound? This paper addresses this question by establishing that cascading LRW1 for four rounds suffices to ensure security beyond the birthday bound. Specifically, we demonstrate that 4 rounds of CLRW1 guarantees security for up to 23n/4 queries. Our security analysis is based from recent advancements in the mirror theory technique for tweakable random permutations, operating within the framework of the Expectation Method.
Committing Security of Ascon: Cryptanalysis on Primitive and Proof on Mode
Authors: Naito Yusuke , Sasaki Yu , Sugawara Takeshi
Published: December 2023

Context-committing security of authenticated encryption (AE) that prevents ciphertexts from being decrypted with distinct decryption contexts, (K,N,A) comprising a key K, a nonce N, and associate data A is an active research field motivated by several real-world attacks. In this paper, we study the context-committing security of Ascon, the lightweight permutation-based AE selected by the NIST LWC in 2023, for cryptanalysis on primitive and proof on mode. The attacker’s goal is to find a collision of a ciphertext and a tag with distinct decryption contexts in which an attacker can control all the parameters including the key. First, we propose new attacks with primitives that inject differences in N and A. The new attack on Ascon-128 improves the number of rounds from 2 to 3 and practically generates distinct decryption contexts. The new attack also works in a practical complexity on 3 rounds of Ascon-128a. Second, we prove the context-committing security of Ascon with zero padding, namely Ascon-zp, in the random permutation model. Ascon-zp achieves min {t+z/2 , n+t−k−ν/2 , c/2}-bit security with a t-bit tag, a z-bit padding, an n-bit state, a ν-bit nonce, and a c-bit inner part. This bound corresponds to min {64 + z/2 , 96} with Ascon-128 and Ascon-128a, and min {64 + z/2 , 80} with Ascon-80pq. The original Ascon (z = 0) achieves 64-bit security bounded by a generic birthday attack. By appending zeroes to the plaintext, the security can be enhanced up to 96 bits for Ascon-128 and Ascon-128a and 80 bits for Ascon-80pq.
Improved Fast Correlation Attacks on the Sosemanuk Stream Cipher
Authors: Zhang Bin , Liu Ruitao , Gong Xinxin , Jiao Lin
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for fast correlation attacks on stream ciphers with improved cryptanalysis results on the Sosemanuk stream cipher, one of the 7 finalists in the eSTREAM project in 2008. The new algorithm exploits the direct sum construction of covering codes in decoding phase which approximates the random vectors to a nearest codeword in a linear code. The new strategy provides large flexibility for the adversary and could reduce the time/memory/data complexities significantly. As a case study, we carefully revisit Sosemanuk and demonstrate a state recovery attack with a time complexity of 2134.8, which is 220 times faster than achievable before by the same kind of attack and is the fastest one among all known attacks so far. Our result indicates an inefficiency in longer keys than 135 bits and depicts that the security margin of Sosemanuk is around 28 for the 128-bit security for the first time.
The importance of phonological awareness as a natural approach in children’s reading process from Manuela Cañizares School
Authors: Morales Pilatuña Noemi Margarita , Contreras Parra Juan Pablo
Published: December 2023

The present study examines the significant impact of phonological awareness on the reading acquisition of children aged 10 to 12, with a specific focus on those acquiring English as a second language in Ecuador. The report highlights the pressing need for educational reforms considering the nation’s difficulties in achieving mastery in the English language. The study used a mixed-methods methodology, using questionnaires and observations to examine the complexities of phonological awareness as a naturalistic approach and its influence on reading ability. The results of the study indicate that a considerable percentage of pupils have difficulties in reading English words, highlighting the need to implement efficient teaching approaches. This research paper presents a survey on a phonological awareness intervention, showing its capacity to improve both phonological awareness abilities and reading ability. Furthermore, the study reveals a deficiency in the use of natural approach techniques and pronunciation tactics, underscoring prospects for pedagogical improvement. The study’s larger ramifications beyond the realm of education, prompting scientists in interconnected fields to contemplate the crucial significance of phonological awareness in the process of language learning. Although this study provides interesting insights, it is important to acknowledge several limitations. One drawback is the narrow scope of the examined linguistic aspects, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, there may be limits on the sample size, which might impact the overall validity and representativeness of the results. Subsequent investigations may be conducted to overcome these constraints and delve into the enduring effects of interventions, therefore offering full insights to educators, policymakers, and researchers interested in language acquisition and teaching. In general, this study highlights the importance of phonological awareness in resolving challenges with reading, facilitating successful language training, and contributing to wider conversations on language acquisition approaches.
Acceso a los alimentos y posibilidad de producción de hongos comestibles en una comunidad indígena de México
Authors: García-Navarro María José , Ramírez Valverde Benito , Juárez Sánchez José Pedro , Cesin Vargas Alfredo
Published: December 2023

La construcción de estrategias para promover la seguridad alimentaria en comunidades indígenas de México es un problema que debe, atenderse generando conocimiento sobre la capacidad autogestora de producción de alimentos. El objetivo fue determinar el acceso a los alimentos y conocer actividades relacionadas con la compra, consumo y disposición para producir hongos comestibles en las familias de una comunidad indígena. Para obtener la información y se aplicó un cuestionario a 77 familias de una comunidad del municipio de Huehuetla, Puebla. Los resultados indican que la producción agrícola tanto de sus predios como de traspatio, así como otras actividades económicas que realizan, no son suficiente para satisfacer las necesidades alimentarias de las familias indígenas. En la comunidad existe tradición en el consumo de hongos, obtenidos principalmente por compra y recolección, sin embargo, el 62.3% de las familias afirma estar dispuesta a producir hongos comestibles si se le otorgará apoyo para insumos y asistencia técnica. La producción de hongos sería importante para mejorar la alimentación de las familias indígenas de la comunidad.
Cross border Marriages, “Bargaining with Patriarchy” and Gender Based Violence: A Case of Kyrgyz Women in Turkey
Authors: COŞKUN Emel
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on migrant women’s cross border marriages with local men and their position in these marriages under Turkey’s changing migration legislation in the last decades. Based on 39 in-depth interviews with migrant women from Kyrgyzstan, public employees, lawyers, and İstanbul Kyrgyz consulate workers in the summer months of 2021 and 2022, this study points out the unequal position of migrant women in cross border marriages. The findings suggest that the increasing surveillance of the public authorities on migrant women lays the ground for different forms of male violence in cross border marriages. Under the unequal position in these marriages and restrictions on migrants, migrant women actively or passively “bargain with patriarchy” over gender roles (Kandiyoti 1988). Migrant women usually passively resist to overcome these difficulties by embarrassing traditional gender roles such as by being “a good wife and mother”, giving birth, adopting religious practices and limiting their social relationships with their friends. Although passive resistance through traditional gender roles make cross border marriages possible for migrant women, migrant women also keep silent against male violence.
ГЕНЕЗИС И СЪЩНОСТ НА ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАТА КРИЗА ПРЕЗ ВТОРАТА ПОЛОВИНА НА VIII ВЕК В СРЕДНОВЕКОВНА БЪЛГАРИЯ
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Добрева Женя
Published: December 2023

The decades of the second half of the 8th century are one of the darkest periods in our medieval history, both because of the proverbial lack of information and because of the ambiguity and contradictions in the little sources which are available. Despite the multiple attempts of researchers to overcome these ambiguities, it seems that this period of the history of the Bulgarian state, full of historical figures and events, will remain a great mystery for historians. The aim of the present work is, by systematizing most of these attempts in Bulgarian and foreign historiography from the beginning till present days, to reveal the leading hypotheses about the genesis and essence of the political crisis in early medieval Bulgaria, as well as to highlight the main problems that preoccupy researchers of this period.
СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧНИ МОДЕЛИ ПРИ УПОТРЕБАТА НА ЧАСТИЦАТА „И“ В СЪВРЕМЕННИЯ БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Николов Николай , Петрова Иванина ,   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen
Published: December 2023

The subject of the exposition is the function of the particle "И" within the sentence and the text. It was considered a semantically-syntactic amplifier that is invariable in lexical-grammatical terms, whose function is realized in the syntaxeme or texteme. The structural-semantic models in which the particle "И" participates as a syntactic formant with mandatory and optional or textual intensifier use are presented.