bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innleiðing rafrænna skjalastjórnunarkerfa samkvæmt átta þrepum Kotters; viðhorf íslenskra skjalastjóra
Authors: Davíðsdóttir Magnea , Gunnlaugsdóttir Jóhanna , Aðalsteinsson Gylfi Dalmann
Published: February 2017

Skjalastjórnun er einn þeirra stjórnunarþátta sem stuðla að skipulegri stjórnun fyrirtækja og stofnana þannig að starfsemin sé rekin á hagkvæman og ábyrgan hátt. Án skjalastjórnunar er hætta á að skjöl glatist og eyður myndist í rekstrarsamfellu fyrirtækisins. Þá styður skjalastjórnun við stjórnun áhættu með tilliti til upplýsingaöryggis, veitir frumkvæði í gæðaog umhverfismálum, gerir auðveldara að mæta kröfum löggjafar og reglugerða, óskum viðskiptavina og þörfum starfsfólks. Aukin hætta er á að skjöl rati í rangar hendur eða eyðileggist sé kerfisbundin skjalastjórnun ekki fyrir hendi auk þess sem hún stuðlar að gegnsæi og rekjanleika í rekstrinum. Á síðustu árum hefur mikið verið hugað að stjórnun rafrænna skjala innan stofnana og fyrirtækja. Áhersla hefur verið lögð á kerfisbundna vistun þeirra með það fyrir augum að bæta þjónustu og rekstur. Skjalastjórnun sem starfsgrein er tiltölulega ný af nálinni og hugtakið kom ekki til sögunnar fyrr en upp úr miðri síðustu öld. Sú tækni sem nefnd er rafrænt skjalastjórnunarkerfi (RSSK) auðveldar að stýra upplýsinga- og skjalaflæði innan fyrirtækja og stofnana. Áhersla á vandaða og gegnsæja stjórnsýslu sem og krafa almennings um aðgengi að opinberum gögnum hefur skapað nauðsyn þess að stofnanir taki í notkun RSSK. Gagnagrunnar svo sem RSSK stuðla að altækri og hagkvæmri skjalastjórnun. En breytingar eins og að koma á skipulegri skjalastjórnun geta reynst erfiðar. Þessi rannsókn veitir innsýn í viðhorf og þátttöku skjalastjóra í því breytingarferli sem innleiðing RSSK er. Spurningalisti var lagður fyrir íslenska skjalastjóra sem voru aðilar að Félagi um skjalastjórn og höfðu tekið þátt í að innleiða RSSK. Spurningalistinn innihélt m.a. 19 spurningar sem byggðu á hinum átta þrepum Kotters varðandi innleiðingu breytinga. Helstu niðurstöður voru að skjalastjórar bera ekki fullt traust til æðstu stjórnenda til þess að viðhalda breytingum, millistjórnendur studdu innleiðinguna ekki sem skyldi en það gerðu hins vegar æðstu stjórnendur. Skortur var á fræðslu og þjálfun til handa skjalastjórum vegna innleiðingarinnar. Um þriðjungur skjalastjóra sagði að innleiðingin hefði mætt andstöðu meðal starfsmanna og um 40% upplifðu innleiðinguna sem tækifæri fremur en ógnun. Sama hlutfall skjalastjóra sagði að viðbrögð starfsmanna við innleiðingunni hefðu verið jákvæð. Loks benda niðurstöðurnar til þess að upplýsingamiðlun til starfsmanna hafi ekki verið nægilega góð. Til þess að yfirvinna andstöðu starfsmanna þarf að virkja þá í breytingaferlinu, halda þeim upplýstum um ferlið og umbuna þeim fyrir að taka þátt í nýja kerfinu.
Skipulagsform íslenskra fyrirtækja í sveiflukenndu viðskiptaumhverfi 2007-2016
Authors: Óladóttir Ásta Dís , Óskarsson Guðmundur Kristján , Eðvarðsson Ingi Rúnar
Published: February 2017

Markmið þessarar greinar er að skoða hvort efnahagssveiflur hafi áhrif á skipulagsform (skipurit) íslenskra fyrirtækja. Bornar eru saman kannanir höfunda frá árinu 2007 og árið 2016 og greint hvort efnahagssveiflur hafi haft áhrif á skipulagsform viðkomandi fyritækja. Spurt var í síðari könnuninni hvort einhverjar skipulagsbreytingar hefðu orðið á undanförnum fimm árum, eða til ársins 2011, áður en uppsveifla hófst að nýju í íslensku efnahagslífi. Greinin byggir á niðurstöðum netkannana sem framkvæmdar voru af Rannsóknar- og þróunarmiðstöð Háskólans á Akureyri árið 2007 og af Viðskiptafræðideild Háskóla Íslands árið 2016. Svör bárust frá stjórnendum 222 fyrirtækja árið 2007 og stjórnendum 120 fyrirtækja árið 2016. Svarhlutfall var því 46,15% árið 2007 og 24,4% árið 2016. Samanburður kannananna bendir til þess að hagsveiflur, bæði uppsveiflur og samdráttur í efnahagslífi, hafi ekki haft mikil áhrif á stjórnskipulag þeirra fyrirtækja sem tóku þátt í rannsókninni. Þó er þess að geta að 36,4% fyrirtækja gripu til samruna við önnur fyrirtæki, yfirtöku á öðru fyrirtæki eða annarra skipulagsbreytinga eftir efnahagshrunið árið 2008, en stjórnendur voru beðnir að greina frá skipulagsbreytingum sem orðið hefðu síðastliðin fimm ár. Fyrirtækin hafa fleira starfsfólk hin síðari ár, stjórnendur þeirra eru með meiri menntun og fleiri konur eru við stjórnvölinn nú en voru fyrir hrun. Stærð fyrirtækjanna hefur áhrif á ýmsa þætti í skipulaginu. Stærri fyrirtæki hafa meiri formfestu, sérhæfingu og hafa frekar samþykkt stjórnskipulag, þau hafa þrjú eða fleiri stjórnþrep og eru frekar skipulögð í anda fléttuskipulags. Þá kemur í ljós að eftir því sem rekstrarumhverfi fyrirtækjanna er stöðugra, þeim mun meiri líkur eru á því að starfaskipulag sé við lýði.
Fjármagnsskipan og fjárhagsleg staða fyrirtækja á Íslandi árin 2005 til 2014. Áhrif efnahagshrunsins og annarra þátta á skuldsetningu
Authors: Þráinsdóttir Anna Rut , Magnússon Gylfi
Published: February 2017

Óhófleg skuldsetning getur haft alvarleg áhrif á rekstur fyrirtækja eins og berlega kom í ljós hérlendis í efnahagshruninu. Markmiðið með þessari rannsókn er að draga upp skýra mynd af fjármagnsskipan og fjárhagslegri stöðu íslenskra fyrirtækja og sérstaklega að bæta úr skorti á rannsóknum á stöðu smærri fyrirtækja. Rannsóknarniðurstöður skiptast í þrjá hluta. Í fyrsta hluta er fjárhagsleg staða og fjármagnsskipan fyrirtækja af mismunandi stærð greind með því að bera saman gögn úr innlendum ársreikningum árin 2005 til 2014. Í öðrum hluta eru algengar kennitölur reiknaðar til að gefa skýrari mynd af þróun milli ára. Áhersla er lögð á skuldsetningu en einnig eru reiknaðar kennitölur um greiðsluhæfi og arðsemi. Í þriðja hluta er kannað með fjölbreytu aðhvarfsgreiningu hvaða ólíku þættir kunna að hafa áhrif á skuldsetningu svo sem stærð, aldur, efnislegar eignir, arðsemi og afskriftir. Niðurstöður sýna að skuldsetning er ráðandi fjármögnunarkostur hjá íslenskum fyrirtækjum og var skuldastaða árið 2014 svipuð því sem hún var árin fyrir efnahagshrun. Aðstæður sem upp komu í efnahagshruninu urðu til þess að hreinar skuldir fyrirtækja jukust um tæplega 50% árið 2008. Í lok þess árs var nær helmingur fyrirtækja í landinu með neikvætt eigið fé. Staða eignaminni fyrirtækja versnaði mun meira en þeirra eignameiri. Tengsl þátta komu að einhverju leyti á óvart, en stærð og arðsemi drógu úr skuldsetningu á meðan aldur, efnislegar eignir og afskriftir juku hana. Brýnt virðist að reyna að draga úr hvötum til skuldsetningar og leggja kapp á að styrkja eiginfjárstöðu til að bæta rekstur fyrirtækja og auka fjárhagslegt svigrúm til að mæta áföllum í efnahagslífinu.
Peningastefnunefnd í sjö ár
Authors: Vignisdóttir Karen Áslaug
Published: February 2017

Peningastefnunefnd Seðlabanka Íslands hefur starfað í meira en sjö ár. Þegar umgjörð peningamála var breytt með lagabreytingu árið 2009 sem kvað á um skipan peningastefnunefndarinnar var alþjóðleg reynsla af tilhögun ákvörðunartöku í peningamálum höfð til hliðsjónar. Jafnframt voru gerðar breytingar er miðuðu að auknu gagnsæi og trúverðugleika peningastefnunnar. Athugun á atkvæðagreiðslum peningastefnunefndar á tímabilinu 2009-2015 leiðir í ljós að ólík sjónarmið hafi verið til staðar innan nefndarinnar. Ekki náðist full samstaða í hátt í helmingi atkvæðagreiðslna, í þriðjungi tilvika kaus einn nefndarmaður gegn meirihlutanum og í tæplega sjöttungi tilvika voru tveir nefndarmenn í minnihluta. Þegar um er að ræða ágreining í nefndinni samanstendur meirihlutinn oftar af bæði innri og ytri nefndarmönnum heldur en eingöngu innri nefndarmönnum. Samsetning minnihlutans á vaxtaákvörðunarfundum hefur jafnframt verið nokkuð breytileg á tímabilinu. Atkvæðaskipting peningastefnunefndar virðist vera svipuð því sem tíðkast í nágrannalöndum okkar sem eru með svipað fyrirkomulag. Breytt tilhögun ákvarðanatöku í peningamálum virðist hafa skilað árangri. Þjóðarbúskapurinn hefur náð sér á strik í kjölfar fjármálakreppunnar og verið í betra jafnvægi. Verðbólga hefur verið undir verðbólgumarkmiði bankans um tveggja og hálfs árs skeið og langtímaverðbólguvæntingar hafa þokast niður á við. Ætla má að árangur peningastefnunnar undanfarin ár hafi átt þátt í að skapa þeim traustari kjölfestu en áður. Aðrir ólíkir þættir hafa þó einnig gegnt mikilvægu hlutverki í efnahagsbata undanfarinna ára.
EFFORTS TO IMPROVE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF STUDENT WITH CONTENT MASTERY IN SMP NEGERI 1 METRO
Authors: Pranoto Hadi
Published: February 2017

Abstract: The study design using action research applied in guidance and counseling services (follow-services research). Subjects in this study, researchers took VII.4 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Lesson Tabun 2012/2013. Of the 24 students, there are 10 students who experience a lack of motivation to learn to 41.66%. The method used in collecting data by observation and field notes. Analysis of the data used is the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. Validity test is done through assessment experts /specialists ie counseling teachers SMP Negeri 1 Metro, other friends peer discussions that instrument with other friends FKIP students with courses in counseling. The results of this study, it can be concluded that the results obtained through the implementation of the procurement of content services in increasing the motivation of learners class VII.4 SMP Negeri 1 Metro Tabun Odd Semester Lesson 20 12/20 13 is visible from the change in behavior and ability of learners in learners become more willing to meet the needs of achievement, students can understand or have confidence in learning, learners have the ability to overcome failure in learning, and learners have a good competitiveness in the service learning. Through mastery of content supplied by BK teacher can increase the motivation of learners class VII.4 SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Academic Year 201212013. There is increased the motivation of learners in the first cycle seen from the average percentage that is equal to 27.5% and in the second cycle of 75 %, resulting in an increase of 47.5%. Response and activity VIl.4 grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Metro Odd Semester Lesson Tabun 2012/2013 on the service in the content mastery enhance learning motivation is very positive, it is shown by the participation of learners in the service following the mastery of content, learner motivation and enthusiasm in participating services as well as content mastery learners were active in service activities mastery of the content.Keyword: Motivation, Content Mastery Service.
PROFILE OF HIGH TOUCH IN THE APPLICATION LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Mashari Ali
Published: February 2017

Abstract: This research generally aims to get brief description of application high touch in learning process. This research is conducted by descriptive quantitative method.  The population is all teachers and students at senior high school. Samples are taken by using stratified cluster random sampling technique. The percentage, correlation and t test. The results of this research reveal that application high touch  in learning process less and teachers’ opinion about high touch implementation as implication of teachers’ understanding toward learning process differ significantly with students’ opinion. In general, teachers’ opinion score is higher compared with student’s opinion scoreKeywords: high touch, learning process, students
APLIKASI REINFORCEMENT OLEH GURU MATA PELAJARAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING
Authors: Wibowo Agus
Published: February 2017

Abstract: This study originated from problems still lack teachers applying positive reinforcement to behavior that indicated the student in the learning process. The research objective to describe: 1) the level of reinforcement application, 2) application of reinforcement schedules, 3) the types of reinforcement, and 4) granting reinforcement by subject teachers. The study population was all students of class XI SMA Adabiah 2 Padang in the academic year 2012/2013, amounting to 325 students. The samples with Simple Random Sampling technique, and obtained a sample of 176 students.Jenis research is descriptive quantitative research. The study was conducted in April 2013. The research instrument Semantic Differential scale. Analysis of data using mean hypothetic results showed the level of application of the reinforcement of subject teachers in the high category, and interpretation of students to the application of reinforcement schedules, types of reinforcement, and reinforcement by way of provision of subject teachers in the learning process positively.Keywords: reinforcement, guidance, and counseling
UNDERSTANDING OF NON VERBAL BEHAVIOR CLIENTS AND TECHNIQUES IN COUNSELING SESSION
Authors: Afdal Afdal
Published: February 2017

The practice of counseling by counselor not only need the skills to understand what is expressed by the client, but were further able to understand and have skills in giving meaning to the nonverbal communication, demonstrated by the behavior of a counseling session. During this time many of counselors who focus only on what is revealed by the client and using verbal techniques alone without seeing what goes on inside the client more deeply to understand the communication indicated by nonverbal behavior. The techniques used in the discussion of this article provides the inspiration that counseling is an art, not superficial, not skeptical and just focus on one technique alone, but many of the techniques that can be used to explore client issues. Furthermore, this paper supports the philosophical theory of Gestalt who believe that the client can feel the direct presence in the counseling sessions through the practices of the techniques used, to interpret the expression of various communications made, stationing themselves and find their own meaning.
LEVEL SOCIAL SELF CONCEPT AND IMPLICATION IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
Authors: Sari Widya Kartika
Published: February 2017

Teenager consider themselves based on the perception others and one of the element which affecting the maturation in self concept is how the assessment and social environment revenue toward it self .This study purpose to describe the self concept of teens and the implications in guidance and counseling .The research type descriptive quantitative methods. The Research was done to teenagers of simple  orphanage in  bengkulu with a population about 103 teenagers .The total of the  research about 82 survey youth to the sample used purposive sampling techniqul  instrument was used  the closed of  scale likert model  with validity 0.873 , reliability ( 0,931 self concept ) .The findings of this research shows that: ( 1 ) self concept as of teens tend to be low category. (2)  implications finding for service counseling guidance the basic of arranging the guidance counseling program service which can formed  and improved the self concept of teens positively.
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ANXIETY TOWARD NATIONAL FINAL EXAMINATION IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL’S STUDENTS
Authors: Khairani Maya
Published: February 2017

National Final Examination is one of the tests that must be passed by each student in Indonesia who want to continue to pursue higher education. The test could cause anxiety on students due to graduation standards. One of the things that influence anxiety toward this test is individual characteristic especially the ability to regulate emotions which are very closely related to emotional intelligence. The sample of this study was 350 students in grade 3 junior high school that will facing National Final Examination from three schools in Banda Aceh. Data collected by The Emotional Intelligence Scale and The Anxiety Toward National Final Examination Scale. The results showed a correlation coefficient r = – 0.376, p = 0.000 ( P <0.05 ). This result implied that there is a negative correlation between emotional intelligence with anxiety toward National Final Examination in grade 3 junior high school’s students in Banda Aceh.Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Anxiety, National Final Examination.
Demographic profile and pathway to care in patients with schizophrenia in a tertiary care hospital from western Nepal
Authors: Belbase M. , Adhikari J. , Khan T.A. , Jalan R.K.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the severe mental health problem and its guarded treatment response and association with as the stigma makes it a chronic debilitating personal, family and social problem of all the psychiatric illness. Timely Identification and management of this condition is important as early diagnosis and management gives better treatment response.Methods: This is a descriptive study done in patients attending psychiatry OPD of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur for 12 months from June 2013 to May 2014.Results: Out of the 86 study subjects (n=86), males were 54 in number followed by 32 females. The most common age group was 21-40 years representing 46(53.4%), followed by 41-60 years 24(28%), <20 years 12(13.9%) and >60 years 4(4.7%). The most common first contact of the patient with schizophrenia was with faith healers 54 (62.8%) followed by consultation with psychiatrist 18(20.9%). Among the study population, 38(44.2%) visited to the psychiatrist after >41 weeks of the beginning of the illness followed by 34(39.5%) visited in <10 weeks of the beginning of the schizophrenia.Conclusions: Faith healers were the most common first contact person for the patients with schizophrenia followed by psychiatrist . Most of the schizophrenia patients come to psychiatrist after 40 weeks of their illness.
Mental Health & Community Mental Health in Nepal: Major Milestones in the development of Modern Mental Health Care
Authors: Upadhyaya Kapil Dev
Published: February 2017

Bir Hospital, the first general hospital with specialist services was established in the country in 1889 A.D. When I came back to Nepal after MBBS in 1971, most of the specialties like Medicine, Surgery, Gynae & Obs, Opthalmology, ENT, Psychiatry, Anesthesiology, Radiology, Emergency department with 24 hours service were there. Paediatric OPD service was available, and children were admitted in Kanti children hospital Kathmandu. So mental health service in Nepal was started in a general hospital with different specialties.
Data-Driven Spatial Modeling for Quantifying Networkwide Resilience in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irene and Sandy
Authors: Zhu Yuan , Xie Kun , Ozbay Kaan , Zuo Fan , Yang Hong
Published: February 2017

In recent years, the New York City metropolitan area was hit by two major hurricanes, Irene and Sandy. These extreme weather events disrupted and devastated the transportation infrastructure, including road and subway networks. As an extension of the authors’ recent research on this topic, this study explored the spatial patterns of infrastructure resilience in New York City with the use of taxi and subway ridership data. Neighborhood tabulation areas were used as the units of analysis. The recovery curve of each neighborhood tabulation area was modeled with the logistic function to quantify the resilience of road and subway systems. Moran's I tests confirmed the spatial correlation of recovery patterns for taxi and subway ridership. To account for this spatial correlation, citywide spatial models were estimated and found to outperform linear models. Factors such as the percentage of area influenced by storm surges, the distance to the coast, and the average elevation are found to affect the infrastructure resilience. The findings in this study provide insights into the vulnerability of transportation networks and can be used for more efficient emergency planning and management.
Matching Funding, Mobility, and Spatial Equity Objectives in a Networkwide Road Pricing Model
Authors: Pons-Rigat Aleix , Saurí Sergi , Turró Mateu
Published: February 2017

A review of the pricing and funding model for interurban roads in Catalonia, Spain, is timely because of the forthcoming finalization of toll concessions and the decrease in road taxes. This paper proposes a comprehensive policy approach for a new networkwide road pricing model to simultaneously deal with financial sustainability, mobility management, and spatial equity. A multiobjective perspective involving multiple trade-offs is required. The rationale for these trade-offs is analyzed and a diagnosis of the Catalan road network is performed on the basis of a revenues–costs matrix, which is built on a deep study of revenues and costs for the interurban network disaggregated by type of vehicle and class of road. From this matrix, a consistent road pricing model for the complete interurban road network is drawn and feasible implementation paths are defined. The resulting pricing scheme is focused on the road operation. Charges cover maintenance, operation, and external costs of the whole interurban road network, whereas the fixed costs of road development would be financed by the public budget. In this way, road charges and fuel taxes are complementary and simultaneously cover the full social costs of road transport. Then a two-part tariff is set such that a lump sum charge covers the costs related to second-class roads and a unit tariff per distance is charged on motorways. Alternative implementation paths from the status quo to the proposed model are then set by considering technological feasibility and other social and juridical constraints.
Pen-2 and Presenilin are Sufficient to Catalyze Notch Processing
Authors: Hu Chen , Xu Junjie , Zeng Linlin , Li Ting , Cui Mei-Zhen , Xu Xuemin
Published: February 2017

Presenilin-1 (PS1) or presenilin-2 (PS2), nicastrin (NCT), anterior pharynx-defective 1 (Aph-1), and presenilin enhancer-2 (Pen-2) have been considered the minimal essential subunits required to form an active γ-secretase complex. Besides PS, which has been widely believed to function as the catalytic subunit of the complex, the functional roles of the other subunits in the γ-secretase complex remain debatable. In the current study, we set out to determine the role of Pen-2 in γ-secretase activity. To this end, using knockout cells in combination with siRNA and immunoprecipitation approaches, our results revealed that Pen-2 together with presenilin are sufficient to form a functionally active enzyme to process Notch. Specifically, our data demonstrated that Pen-2 plays a crucial role in substrate binding, a mechanism by which Pen-2 contributes directly to the catalytic mechanism of γ-secretase activity. Our data also suggested that there may be different requirements for components to process AβPP and Notch. This information would be important for therapeutic strategy aimed at inhibition or modulation of γ-secretase activity.
Synthesis, crystal structure determination, and spectroscopic characterization of [2,13-dibenzyl-5,16-diethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo(16.4.0.07,12)docosane] copper(II) dinitrate
Authors: Subhan Md Abdus , Moon Dohyun , Choi Jong-Ha
Published: February 2017

A novel metal complex, [Cu(Lb)](NO3)2 [Lb = 2,13-dibenzyl-5,16-diethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo(16.4.0.07,12)docosane], was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as other spectroscopic techniques. Structural analysis revealed that the copper(II) ion has an approximately square planar arrangement with stable trans-III configuration of the macrocyclic ligand. The Cu–N(tertiary) distance (2.0860 (14) Å) is greater than the Cu–N(secondary) distance (2.0229 (15) Å), which may be attributed to the steric effect of the benzyl group attached to the tertiary N atom. The nitrate anion and complex cation are linked by hydrogen bonds and weak Cu···O interactions. The metal complex showed strong blue luminescence when excited in the 355-391 nm region, and both blue as well as green emissions when excited in the 438–460 nm range.
Preparation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods and ZnO/Cu2O nanocomposites
Authors: Shi Shaobo , Xu Jianping , Li Lan
Published: February 2017

ZnO nanorods and ZnO/Cu2O nanocomposites were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology, crystalline structure and optical properties of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Both samples were applied to degrade methylene blue (MB). Under light irradiation, ZnO nanorods exhibit high photocatalytic activity, and the degradation rate of ZnO/Cu2O nanocomposites is obviously higher than that of ZnO nanorods. The possible photocatalytic mechanism for both samples has been discussed comparatively.
Preparation, crystal structure and thermal decomposition of a 2D MOF high-nitrogen (N%=43.3%) compound [Cd(H2O)2(AFT)2]n (HAFT = 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)-furazan)
Authors: Wu Bi-Dong , Liang Jie , Wang Jing-Yu , An Chong-Wei
Published: February 2017

A 2D metal organic framework (MOF) coordination compound [Cd(H2O)2(AFT)2]n (1, HAFT = 4-amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)-furazan), combining the advantages of tetrazole and furazan rings, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. We design and synthesize 3D energetic MOFs based on 1. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1 belongs to monoclinic, pertains to P21/c space group, a = 7.857(3) Å, b = 9.409(3) Å, c = 9.046(3) Å and β= 93.560(4)°. In 1, Cd2+ was hexacoordinated with four AFT groups and two water molecules. Noticeably, tetrazole-ring of AFT group presents typical bidentate coordination mode and furazan-ring was not take part in coordination. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that 1 was thermally stable with an onset decomposition temperature more than 250°C. The non-isothermal kinetics parameters were calculated by Kissinger’s method, Ozawa’s method and starink’s method respectively. The critical temperature of thermal explosion, entropy of activation (Δ S≠), enthalpy of activation (Δ H≠), and free energy of activation (Δ G≠) were also calculated as 300.23°C, –0.67 J·K–1·mol–1, 183.46 kJ·mol–1, and 183.65 kJ·mol–1, respectively. In the end, impact sensitivity was also determined by standard method.
Discovery of dependency relations in sequential data flow
Authors: Aldahami Abdulelah , Li Yuefeng , Chan Taizan
Published: February 2017

The idea of extracting knowledge from log data for both data mining and process mining emphasises data flow and relations among data items in the data. Unfortunately, challenges have been encountered when working with the data flow and relations. One of the challenges is that the representation of the data flow between a pair of elements or tasks is insufficiently simplified and formulated, as it considers only a one-to-one data flow relation. In this paper, we discuss how to effectively represent dependency relations in log data. To this end, we introduce a new representation of the data flow and dependency formulation using an extracted flow graph. The solution solves the issue of the insufficiency of presenting other relation types, such as many-to-one and one-to-many relations. As an experiment, a new evaluation framework is applied to the Teleclaim process in order to show how this method can provide us with more precise results when compared with other definitions.
Life aspect inference of tweets based on probability distribution
Authors: Yamamoto Shuhei , Kando Noriko , Satoh Tetsuji
Published: February 2017

Many people share their daily events and opinions on Twitter. Some tweets are beneficial and others are related to such aspects of a user’s real-life as eating, traffic conditions, and weather. In this paper, we propose an inference method of the real-life aspect distribution of tweets using labeled tweets. Our method infers the aspect probability distributions by a hierarchical estimation framework (HEF), which is hierarchically composed of both unsupervised and supervised machine learning methods. In the first phase, it extracts topics from a sea of tweets using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). In the second phase, it builds associations between topics and real-life aspects using a small set of labeled tweets. The probability distribution of aspects is inferred using the associations based on the bag of terms extracted from unknown tweets. Our sophisticated experimental evaluations with a large amount of actual tweets demonstrate the high efficiency and robustness of our inference method. Especially in the case of single-label training, HEF showed significantly lower JSD values than other baseline methods, such as Naive Bayes, SVM, and L-LDA.
The formation of amplitude spectra in X-ray pixel detectors made of gallium arsenide
Authors: Ayzenshtat Gennadiy , Prokopiev Dmitriy , Baidali Sergey , Tolbanov Oleg
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE:

This study aims to analyse energy spectra formation in semiconductor X-ray pixel detectors using a simple experimental method.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The calculations were performed for the pixel detectors made of high-resistivity gallium arsenide compensated by chromium GaAs (Cr). A peculiar feature of these detectors is an extremely short lifetime of the holes. When using ordinary detectors with planar electrodes the spectra with high energy resolution could not be observed. In this study, the shape of amplitude spectra of gamma rays were calculated with energy W0 = 60 and 17 keV. The calculations were performed for the pixel detector of GaAs (Cr) with the thickness of d = 500μm and pixel pitch of 50μm. The mobility of electrons and holes were assumed to be μn = 3000 cm2/Vs, μp = 300 cm2/Vs, and the lifetimes were τn = 20 ns and τp = 1 ns, respectively.

RESULTS:

It was demonstrated that in the pixel detector, where there was practically no collection of holes and the amplitude spectra occurred with the energy resolution of 3.5 keV.

CONCLUSION:

The calculations show that energy spectra of the pixel detectors has a high energy resolution at an appropriate polarity applied bias voltage. The calculation results were conformed by the experimental data.
General anesthetics in children: neurotoxic or neuroprotective?
Authors: Farias Rebouças Jéssica , Bezerra de Menezes Silveira Gylmara , Vasques Monteiro Maria de Fátima , Araújo de Morais Sara , Teixeira Batista Hermes Melo
Published: February 2017

Introduction: general anesthetics are involved in neuroprotection in adults after ischemic events and cognitive impairment, thus, they also may be associated with learning disorders in children exposed to them before three years of age.

Objective: Describe about the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics in experimental animals and children.

Method: This is a systematic review, performed from search in databases and on PubMed using the keywords "neurotoxicity" and "general anesthetics," and "general anesthetics," "neurotoxicity", "children", "young child "and" pediatric ".

Results: The search resulted in 185 articles. Out of these, 78 met our inclusion criteria. We found that there was a significant evidence of neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics in experimental animals that were just born, resulting in late and permanent cognitive deficits. This effect was associated with multiple exposures, exposure length of time and combination of drugs. However, some studies found cognitive impairment after a single exposure to anesthetic.

Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to state that general anesthetics are neurotoxic and have the potential to trigger learning and behavior disabilities in children. However, we suggest caution in indicating surgery in children under three years old, analyzing risk-benefit and inserting the family in the decision process.

 

Keywords: Neurotoxicity; Neuroprotection; Cognitive Impairment; Children; General Anesthesics
Assessing the Effect of Stellar Companions from High-resolution Imaging of Kepler Objects of Interest
Authors: Hirsch Lea A. , Ciardi David R. , Howard Andrew W. , Everett Mark E. , Furlan Elise , Saylors Mindy , Horch Elliott P. , Howell Steve B. , Teske Johanna , Marcy Geoffrey W.
Published: February 2017

We report on 176 close (<2″) stellar companions detected with high-resolution imaging near 170 hosts of Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs). These Kepler targets were prioritized for imaging follow-up based on the presence of small planets, so most of the KOIs in these systems (176 out of 204) have nominal radii <6

. Each KOI in our sample was observed in at least two filters with adaptive optics, speckle imaging, lucky imaging, or the Hubble Space Telescope. Multi-filter photometry provides color information on the companions, allowing us to constrain their stellar properties and assess the probability that the companions are physically bound. We find that 60%–80% of companions within 1″ are bound, and the bound fraction is >90% for companions within 0.″5; the bound fraction decreases with increasing angular separation. This picture is consistent with simulations of the binary and background stellar populations in the Kepler field. We also reassess the planet radii in these systems, converting the observed differential magnitudes to a contamination in the Kepler bandpass and calculating the planet radius correction factor, X

R
 = R

p
(true)/R

p
(single). Under the assumption that planets in bound binaries are equally likely to orbit the primary or secondary, we find a mean radius correction factor for planets in stellar multiples of X

R
= 1.65. If stellar multiplicity in the Kepler field is similar to the solar neighborhood, then nearly half of all Kepler planets may have radii underestimated by an average of 65%, unless vetted using high-resolution imaging or spectroscopy.
Astrometry of OH/IR Stars Using 1612 MHz Hydroxyl Masers. I. Annual Parallaxes of WX Psc and OH138.0+7.2
Authors: Orosz G. , Imai H. , Dodson R. , Rioja M. J. , Frey S. , Burns R. A. , Etoka S. , Nakagawa A. , Nakanishi H. , Asaki Y. , Goldman S. R. , Tafoya D.
Published: February 2017

We report on the measurement of the trigonometric parallaxes of 1612 MHz hydroxyl masers around two asymptotic giant branch stars, WX Psc and OH 138.0+7.2, using the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array with in-beam phase referencing calibration. We obtain a 3σ upper limit of ≤5.3 mas on the parallax of WX Psc, corresponding to a lower limit distance estimate of ≳190 pc. The obtained parallax of OH 138.0+7.2 is 0.52 ± 0.09 mas (±18%), corresponding to a distance of

, making this the first hydroxyl maser parallax below one milliarcsecond. We also introduce a new method of error analysis for detecting systematic errors in the astrometry. Finally, we compare our trigonometric distances to published phase-lag distances toward these stars and find a good agreement between the two methods.
An Analytic Criterion for Turbulent Disruption of Planetary Resonances
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Adams Fred C.
Published: February 2017

Mean motion commensurabilities in multi-planet systems are an expected outcome of protoplanetary disk-driven migration, and their relative dearth in the observational data presents an important challenge to current models of planet formation and dynamical evolution. One natural mechanism that can lead to the dissolution of commensurabilities is stochastic orbital forcing, induced by turbulent density fluctuations within the nebula. While this process is qualitatively promising, the conditions under which mean motion resonances can be broken are not well understood. In this work, we derive a simple analytic criterion that elucidates the relationship among the physical parameters of the system, and find the conditions necessary to drive planets out of resonance. Subsequently, we confirm our findings with numerical integrations carried out in the perturbative regime, as well as direct N-body simulations. Our calculations suggest that turbulent resonance disruption depends most sensitively on the planet–star mass ratio. Specifically, for a disk with properties comparable to the early solar nebula with

, only planet pairs with cumulative mass ratios smaller than

are susceptible to breaking resonance at semimajor axis of order

. Although turbulence can sometimes compromise resonant pairs, an additional mechanism (such as suppression of resonance capture probability through disk eccentricity) is required to adequately explain the largely non-resonant orbital architectures of extrasolar planetary systems.
Tracing the Magnetic Field of IRDC G028.23-00.19 Using NIR Polarimetry
Authors: Hoq Sadia , Clemens D. P. , Guzmán Andrés E. , Cashman Lauren R.
Published: February 2017

The importance of the magnetic (B) field in the formation of infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) and massive stars is an ongoing topic of investigation. We studied the plane-of-sky B field for one IRDC, G028.23-00.19, to understand the interaction between the field and the cloud. We used near-IR background starlight polarimetry to probe the B field and performed several observational tests to assess the field importance. The polarimetric data, taken with the Mimir instrument, consisted of H-band and K-band observations, totaling 17,160 stellar measurements. We traced the plane-of-sky B-field morphology with respect to the sky-projected cloud elongation. We also found the relationship between the estimated B-field strength and gas volume density, and we computed estimates of the normalized mass-to-magnetic flux ratio. The B-field orientation with respect to the cloud did not show a preferred alignment, but it did exhibit a large-scale pattern. The plane-of-sky B-field strengths ranged from 10 to 165 μG, and the B-field strength dependence on density followed a power law with an index consistent with 2/3. The mass-to-magnetic flux ratio also increased as a function of density. The relative orientations and relationship between the B field and density imply that the B field was not dynamically important in the formation of the IRDC. The increase in mass-to-flux ratio as a function of density, though, indicates a dynamically important B field. Therefore, it is unclear whether the B field influenced the formation of G28.23. However, it is likely that the presence of the IRDC changed the local B-field morphology.
Two-component Superfluid Hydrodynamics of Neutron Star Cores
Authors: Kobyakov D. N. , Pethick C. J.
Published: February 2017

We consider the hydrodynamics of the outer core of a neutron star under conditions when both neutrons and protons are superfluid. Starting from the equation of motion for the phases of the wave functions of the condensates of neutron pairs and proton pairs, we derive the generalization of the Euler equation for a one-component fluid. These equations are supplemented by the conditions for conservation of neutron number and proton number. Of particular interest is the effect of entrainment, the fact that the current of one nucleon species depends on the momenta per nucleon of both condensates. We find that the nonlinear terms in the Euler-like equation contain contributions that have not always been taken into account in previous applications of superfluid hydrodynamics. We apply the formalism to determine the frequency of oscillations about a state with stationary condensates and states with a spatially uniform counterflow of neutrons and protons. The velocities of the coupled sound-like modes of neutrons and protons are calculated from properties of uniform neutron star matter evaluated on the basis of chiral effective field theory. We also derive the condition for the two-stream instability to occur.
Modeling for Stellar Feedback in Galaxy Formation Simulations
Authors: Núñez Alejandro , Ostriker Jeremiah P. , Naab Thorsten , Oser Ludwig , Hu Chia-Yu , Choi Ena
Published: February 2017

Various heuristic approaches to model unresolved supernova (SN) feedback in galaxy formation simulations exist to reproduce the formation of spiral galaxies and the overall inefficient conversion of gas into stars. Some models, however, require resolution-dependent scalings. We present a subresolution model representing the three major phases of supernova blast wave evolution—free expansion, energy-conserving Sedov–Taylor, and momentum-conserving snowplow—with energy scalings adopted from high-resolution interstellar-medium simulations in both uniform and multiphase media. We allow for the effects of significantly enhanced SN remnant propagation in a multiphase medium with the cooling radius scaling with the hot volume fraction,

, as

. We also include winds from young massive stars and AGB stars, Strömgren sphere gas heating by massive stars, and a mechanism that limits gas cooling that is driven by radiative recombination of dense H ii regions. We present initial tests for isolated Milky Way-like systems simulated with the Gadget-based code SPHgal with improved SPH prescription. Compared to pure thermal SN input, the model significantly suppresses star formation at early epochs, with star formation extended both in time and space in better accord with observations. Compared to models with pure thermal SN feedback, the age at which half the stellar mass is assembled increases by a factor of 2.4, and the mass-loading parameter and gas outflow rate from the galactic disk increase by a factor of 2. Simulation results are converged for a variation of two orders of magnitude in particle mass in the range (1.3–130) × 104 solar masses.
Extended X-Ray Monitoring of Gravitational Lenses with Chandra and Joint Constraints on X-Ray Emission Regions
Authors: Guerras Eduardo , Dai Xinyu , Steele Shaun , Liu Ang , Kochanek Christopher S. , Chartas George , Morgan Christopher W. , Chen Bin
Published: February 2017

We present an X-ray photometric analysis of six gravitationally lensed quasars, with observation campaigns spanning from 5 to 14 years, measuring the total (0.83–21.8 keV restframe), soft- (0.83–3.6 keV), and hard- (3.6–21.8 keV) band image flux ratios for each epoch. Using the ratios of the model-predicted macro-magnifications as baselines, we build differential microlensing light curves and obtain joint likelihood functions for the average X-ray emission region sizes. Our analysis yields a probability distribution function for the average half-light radius of the X-ray emission region in the sample that peaks slightly above 1 gravitational radius and with nearly indistinguishable

confidence (one-sided) upper limits of 17.8 and 18.9 gravitational radii for the soft and hard X-ray emitting regions, assuming a mean stellar mass of 0.3 M
⊙. We see hints of energy dependent microlensing between the soft and hard bands in two of the objects. In a separate analysis on the root-mean-square (rms) of the microlensing variability, we find significant differences between the soft and hard bands, but the sign of the difference is not consistent across the sample. This suggests the existence of some kind of spatial structure to the X-ray emission in an otherwise extremely compact source. We also discover a correlation between the rms microlensing variability and the average microlensing amplitude.
The Sizes and Depletions of the Dust and Gas Cavities in the Transitional Disk J160421.7-213028
Authors: Dong Ruobing , Marel Nienke van der , Hashimoto Jun , Chiang Eugene , Akiyama Eiji , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Muto Takayuki , Knapp Gillian R. , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Brown Joanna , Bruderer Simon , Koyamatsu Shin , Kudo Tomoyuki , Ohashi Nagayoshi , Rich Evan , Satoshi Mayama , Takami Michihiro , Wisniewski John , Yang Yi , Zhu Zhaohuan , Tamura Motohide
Published: February 2017

We report ALMA Cycle 2 observations of 230 GHz (1.3 mm) dust continuum emission, and 12CO, 13CO, and C18O J = 2–1 line emission, from the Upper Scorpius transitional disk [PZ99] J160421.7-213028, with an angular resolution of ∼

(35 au). Armed with these data and existing H-band scattered light observations, we measure the size and depth of the disk’s central cavity, and the sharpness of its outer edge, in three components: sub-μm-sized “small” dust traced by scattered light, millimeter-sized “big” dust traced by the millimeter continuum, and gas traced by line emission. Both dust populations feature a cavity of radius ∼70 au that is depleted by factors of at least 1000 relative to the dust density just outside. The millimeter continuum data are well explained by a cavity with a sharp edge. Scattered light observations can be fitted with a cavity in small dust that has either a sharp edge at 60 au, or an edge that transitions smoothly over an annular width of 10 au near 60 au. In gas, the data are consistent with a cavity that is smaller, about 15 au in radius, and whose surface density at 15 au is

times smaller than the surface density at 70 au; the gas density grades smoothly between these two radii. The CO isotopologue observations rule out a sharp drop in gas surface density at 30 au or a double-drop model, as found by previous modeling. Future observations are needed to assess the nature of these gas and dust cavities (e.g., whether they are opened by multiple as-yet-unseen planets or photoevaporation).
Large-scale Spectroscopic Mapping of the ρ Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud Complex. I. The C2H-to-N2H+ Ratio as a Signpost of Cloud Characteristics
Authors: Pan Zhichen , Li Di , Chang Qiang , Qian Lei , Bergin Edwin A. , Wang Junzhi
Published: February 2017

We present 2.5-square-degree C2H N = 1–0 and N2H+
J = 1–0 maps of the ρ Ophiuchi molecular cloud complex. These are the first large-scale maps of the ρ Ophiuchi molecular cloud complex with these two tracers. The C2H emission is spatially more extended than the N2H+ emission. One faint N2H+ clump, Oph-M, and one C2H ring, Oph-RingSW, are identified for the first time. The observed C2H-to-N2H+ abundance ratio ([C2H]/[N2H+]) varies between 5 and 110. We modeled the C2H and N2H+ abundances with 1D chemical models, which show a clear decline of [C2H]/[N2H+] with chemical age. Such an evolutionary trend is little affected by temperatures when they are below 40 K. At high density (n
H > 105 cm−3), however, the time it takes for the abundance ratio to drop at least one order of magnitude becomes less than the dynamical time (e.g., turbulence crossing time of ∼105 yr). The observed [C2H]/[N2H+] difference between L1688 and L1689 can be explained by L1688 having chemically younger gas in relatively less dense regions. The observed [C2H]/[N2H+] values are the results of time evolution, accelerated at higher densities. For the relatively low density regions in L1688 where only C2H emission was detected, the gas should be chemically younger.
Analytic Properties of Force-free Jets in the Kerr Spacetime. III. Uniform Field Solution
Authors: Pan Zhen , Yu Cong , Huang Lei
Published: February 2017

The structure of the steady axisymmetric force-free magnetosphere of a Kerr black hole (BH) is governed by a second-order partial differential equation of A

ϕ
depending on two “free” functions

and

, where A

ϕ
is the ϕ component of the vector potential of the electromagnetic field, Ω is the angular velocity of the magnetic field lines, and I is the poloidal electric current. In this paper, we investigate the solution uniqueness. Taking the asymptotically uniform field as an example, analytic studies imply that there are infinitely many solutions approaching the uniform field at infinity, while only a unique one is found in general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. To settle the disagreement, we reinvestigate the structure of the governing equation and numerically solve it with given constraint and boundary conditions. We find that the constraint condition (field lines smoothly crossing the light surface) and boundary conditions at the horizon and at infinity are connected via radiation conditions at horizon and at infinity, rather than being independent. With appropriate constraint and boundary conditions, we numerically solve the governing equation and find a unique solution. Contrary to naive expectations, our numerical solution yields a discontinuity in the angular velocity of the field lines and a current sheet along the last field line crossing the event horizon. We also briefly discuss the applicability of the perturbation approach to solving the governing equation.