bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação biométrica de caracteres do melão de São Caetano (Momordica charantia L)
Authors: ASSIS J. P. , SOUSA R. P. , LINHARES P. C. F , PEREIRA M. F. S. , MOREIRA J. C.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO melão de São Caetano, planta trepadeira originaria do leste indiano e sul da Índia, é encontrada no bioma caatinga. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a biometria dos frutos e o número de sementes por fruto do melão de São Caetano. Os frutos foram coletados em área de vegetação nativa do campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), situada no município de Mossoró, RN, seguindo para o laboratório de fitotecnia para a determinação das seguintes características: comprimento, diâmetro e peso dos frutos, bem como o número de sementes por fruto. As análises descritivas e gráficas foram realizadas utilizando o pacote estatístico software R-project. As variáveis, comprimento e diâmetro apresentaram baixa amplitude de variação e bons valores de coeficiente de variação. Já o peso do fruto e o número de sementes por fruto mostraram alta amplitude de variação. Verificou-se alto grau de simetria e distribuição mesocúrtica para todas as características avaliadas nesse estudo. Constatou-se também a correlação linear simples positiva significativa entre o comprimento e o diâmetro, e não significativa entre o peso e o número de sementes por fruto, e que os dados referentes a todas as características do fruto do melão de São Caetano avaliadas neste trabalho se ajustaram à distribuição normal de probabilidade, o que permite a realização de inferências com base estatística.
Bakhtin e Heidegger: caminhos para a compreensão e interpretação do acontecimento do ser na linguagem
Authors: Sampaio Maria Cristina Hennes , Araújo Karla Daniele de Souza , Macedo Ezequiel Bezerra Izaias de
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO presente estudo tem como objetivo colocar em diálogo os caminhos sinalizados por Bakhtin e Heidegger para a compreensão e interpretação do acontecimento do ser na linguagem. Para esse fim examinamos a proposta comum, a ambos os filósofos, de instituir uma filosofia primeira, que pergunte acerca da origem do sentido, o que equivale a indagar sobre as vias de acesso à realidade que toda a linguagem e, por conseguinte, todo o discurso/texto/enunciado comportam. Foram examinados também o caráter ontológico do ser-aí (Dasein) e o papel do pensamento para a interpretação do ato ético concretizado no acontecimento do ser. Para fundamentar os caminhos de uma arquitetônica e hermenêutica da facticidade ontológicas, Bakhtin e Heidegger, respectivamente, revisitaram diversas tradições. Que papel restaria à filosofia para a compreensão e interpretação do acontecimento do ser? A resposta a esta questão parece apontar para uma compreensão/interpretação ontológico-hermenêutica cujos caminhos tentamos desvelar.
STUDY OF AUTUMN-WINTER WEEDS IN PORTUGAL AND ITS ECOLOGICAL PREFERENCES
Authors: RAMÔA S. , SILVA P. OLIVEIRA e , VASCONCELOS T. , FORTES P. , PORTUGAL J.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe conclusion of the dam project located in Alqueva, in Southern Portugal, has resulted in a significant increase of new irrigated areas, since 2006. This has meant that, in recent years, there have been progressive flora changes in farming systems traditionally implemented in the Alentejo region. The present work has analyzed the weed flora in an early stage of these changes, and the impact of environmental factors on the distribution of natural vegetation under Mediterranean climate conditions in the influence area of Alqueva. In 2007, 105 floristic surveys were carried out in autumn-winter crop plots or other soil use, and 264 species were identified. Families with higher expression were: Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae. Only three species have been identified in more than half of farms, Avena sterilis, Phalaris minor and Lolium rigidum and they were part of the 15 species that revealed high and very high infestation degrees. Soil texture and extractable phosphorus have been determined as active ecological factors, according to the method of ecological profiles and Mutual Information. Therefore, these factores were those with the greatest influence on the species distribution. L.rigidum distribution showed to be associated with medium soil texture and A.sterilis distribution also showed to be associated with medium and fine soil texture soils, without showing ecological preference by extractable phosphorus. The distribution of P.minorwas not related to the soil texture but showed preference for soils with medium phosphorus content.
SELECTION OF HERBICIDES TARGETING THE USE IN CROP SYSTEMS CULTIVATED WITH SHOWY CROTALARIA
Authors: BRAZ G. B. P , OLIVEIRA JR R. S , CONSTANTIN J. , TAKANO H. K. , CHASE C. A. , FORNAZZA F. G. F. , RAIMONDI R. T.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT The increase in the area planted with Crotalaria spectabilishas occurred by several factors, highlighting the potential to reduce the nematodes, nitrogen fixation and the high production of biomass. By becoming a species sown as a crop, it is necessary to control the weeds that coexist with showy crotalaria. This change in the use of this crop creates the possibility of this specie becoming a weed. The aim of this study was to assess the potential use of herbicides applied in preemergence and postemergence of C.spectabilisfor different purposes (control of volunteer and selectivity plants). Three experiments were installed in a greenhouse (two with herbicides applied in preemergence - in soils with distinct textural categories; and one experiment with herbicides applied in postemergence). The results of the experiments with herbicides applied in preemergence showed that: amicarbazone, atrazine, diuron, metribuzin, prometryn, fomesafen and sulfentrazone showed effectiveness for control of C.spectabilis in clayey soil. Besides these, flumioxazin and isoxaflutole also showed potential to be used in the control of showy crotalaria in soils with loam texture. In relation to the postemergence herbicides, atrazine, diuron, prometryn, flumioxazin, fomesafen, lactofen, saflufenacil, amonio-glufosinate and glyphosate can be used aiming the chemical control of C.spectabilis. Herbicides chlorimuron-ethyl, diclosulan, imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, clomazone, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor and trifluralin applied in preemergence, and imazethapyr, pyrithiobac-sodium, flumiclorac, bentazon and clethodim applied in postemergence caused low levels of injury to C.spectabilis plants, making necessary the development of new searches to ensure the selectivity of these products.
INFLUENCE OF PRECIPITATION AND SUGARCANE STRAW IN AMINOCYCLOPYRACHLOR AND INDAZIFLAM CONTROL EFFICIENCY
Authors: GUERRA N. , OLIVEIRA JR R. S. , CONSTANTIN J. , OLIVEIRA NETO A. M. , PUTON G. , GARRIDO T. H. P.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe raw sugarcane harvesting system has changed the dynamics of weed tillage for this crop, changing the predominant weed species and providing a barrier between the herbicide and the soil. Thus, this study has aimed to assess the influence of precipitation and sugarcane straw in the aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam herbicides control efficiency for the species Ipomoea trilobaand Euphorbia heterophylla. There were two trials, one for aminocyclopyrachlor and one for the indaziflam, both in the greenhouse at the campus of Faculdade Integrado in the Brazilian city of Campo Mourão, PR. Each experiment consisted of eight treatments with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of the presence of straw (10 t ha-1), capillary irrigation and rainfall simulation (20 mm). Assessments of control percentage of I.triloba and E.heterophylla were carried out, as well as the number of plants per pot. The aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam herbicides applied directly to the soil were efficient in controlling these species. The 20 mm rainfall simulation or daily irrigation on the straw are indispensable to promote the removal of aminocyclopyrachlor and indaziflam from the straw and provide satisfactory control of I.triloba and E.heterophylla.
ANTAGONISM IS THE PREDOMINANT EFFECT OF HERBICIDE MIXTURES USED FOR IMIDAZOLINONE-RESISTANT BARNYARDGRASS (Echinochloa crus-galli) CONTROL
Authors: MATZENBACHER F. O. , KALSING A. , DALAZEN G. , MARKUS C. , MEROTTO JR A.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTHerbicides mixtures are used in many situations without the adequate knowledge related with the effect on major target weeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different herbicides mixtures used in irrigated rice in order to establish the adequate combinations for the prevention and management of herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Three experiments were performed at field conditions with all major post-emergent herbicides used in irrigated rice in Brazil. The first experiment was performed with barnyardgrass resistant to imidazolinone herbicides and herbicides applied at label rates. The second and third experiments were performed with barnyardgrass resistant and susceptible to imidazolinone herbicides applied at doses of 50 or 75% of the label rates. The occurrence of additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects was identified at 18, 18 and 64%, respectively, among the total of 50 different associations of herbicide and rates evaluated. In general, the mixture of ACCase inhibitors with ALS inhibitors, quinclorac, clomazone + propanil or thiobencarb resulted in antagonism. Sinergic mixtures were found in clomazone with propanil + thiobencarb, profoxydim with cyhalofop-butyl or clomazone, and quinclorac with imazapyr + imazapic, bispyribac-sodium or cyhalofop-butyl. The mixtures of quinclorac with profoxydim were antagonic. Rice grain yield varied according to the efficiency of weed control. Seveveral mixtures were effective for imidazolinone resistant barnyardgrass control.
APPLICATION HEIGHT IN HERBICIDES EFFICIENCY IN BEAN CROPS
Authors: PEREIRA G. A. M. , BARCELLOS JR L. H. , SILVA D. V. , BRAGA R. R. , TEIXEIRA M. M. , SILVA A. A. , RIBEIRO JR J.I.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTInadequate herbicide application can result in failures in weed control and/or poisoning of the crops, resulting in yield losses. In this research were assessed the effects of the sprayer nozzle boom height in the distribution of the spray solution for weed control, influencing intoxication of beans and crop yield. Experiments were conducted in laboratory and field conditions. In laboratory, the performance of flat spray tip TT 11002 was assessed at heights 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50 meters with respect to the target surface. In the field the same heights were assessed in applications of herbicides fomesafen, fluazifop-P-butyl and fomesafen + fluazifop-P-butyl. There was an inverse relationship between the height of the spray boom and the coefficients of variation of the patterns. The mixture better efficiency in a tank of fluazifop-P-butyl + fomesafen was obtained with the height of 0.50 m from the target. This treatment resulted in better weed control, lower poisoning of the bean plants and better crop yield rates.
EARLY ORAL RE-FEEDING ON ONCOLOGY PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO GASTRECTOMY FOR GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: LAFFITTE Andressa Madalozo , POLAKOWSKI Camila Brandão , KATO Massakazu
Published: October 2015

Background: There is no advantage in maintaining patients on oral fasting after gastrointestinal elective resection. The early feeding up to 48 h can be beneficial, because it reduces infectious complications and hospital stay. Aim: Evaluate the evolution and tolerance of early oral diet in postoperative period after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods: Anthropometric assessment was performed on the day of surgery, weight, height, body mass index and weight loss were measured. Acceptance of diet was evaluated as food intake (amount accepted) and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal distension, postoperative complications and hospital stay. Results: The sample consisted of 23 patients, 17 with partial gastrectomy and six with total gastrectomy. In the assessment of nutritional status 9% were malnourished, 54.5% normal weight, 9% overweight and 27.2% obese, but 54% had weight loss. There was good acceptance of the diet in 96,9% of the sample. Nausea and abdominal distension were present in 4,3% and 65.2% constipation. Surgical complications according to the Clavien scalle, 13% had grade V, 4.3% grade IIIA, 8.7% grade I and 73% did not have complications. The length of hospital stay was 5±2.2 days. Conclusion: Early postoperative re-feeding in total and partial gastrectomy was well tolerated by patients.
ENDOSCOPIC CHANGES RELATED TO GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS
Authors: SANTO Marco Aurelio , QUINTANILHA Sylvia Regina , MIETTI Cesar Augusto , KAWAMOTO Flavio Masato , MARSON Allan Garms , CLEVA Roberto de
Published: October 2015

Background : Obesity is correlated with several comorbidities, including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Its main complications are detectable by endoscopy: erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Aim : To correlate erosive esophagitis and hiatal hernia with the degree of body mass index (BMI). Method : Was performed a retrospective analysis of 717 preoperative endoscopic reports of bariatric patients. Fifty-six (8%) presented hiatal hernia, being 44 small, nine medium and five large. Esophagitis was classified by Los Angeles classification. Results : There was no correlation between the presence and dimension of hiatal hernia with BMI. One hundred thirty-four (18.7%) patients presented erosive esophagitis. Among them, 104 (14.5%) had esophagitis grade A; 25 (3.5%) grade B; and five (0.7%) grade C. When considering only the patients with erosive esophagitis, 77.6% had esophagitis grade A, 18.7% grade B and 3.7% grade C. Were identified only two patients with Barrett's esophagus (0,28%). Conclusion : There was a positive correlation between the degree of esophagitis with increasing BMI.
THE USE OF THE INTERNET BY THE PATIENT AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY: CONTRIBUTIONS AND OBSTACLES FOR THE FOLLOW-UP OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY MONITORING
Authors: MARTINS Michele Pereira , ABREU-RODRIGUES Marcela , SOUZA Juciléia Rezende
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT Background : Bariatric surgery is presented as the last treatment option for obesity. It requires from all candidates a multidisciplinary evaluation and monitoring throughout treatment. The non-adherence to follow-up with health care teams is related to weight regain. It's possible that the use of internet influences the doctor-patient relationship and patients replace medical care or information provided by health professionals for information from the internet. Aim : Identify and analyze the pattern of internet use by patients after bariatric surgery and check the influence of such use in attending medical appointments with the multidisciplinary team. Method : Electronic questionnaire available on the Internet was used to verify patient´s patterns of Internet use and its influence on in attending multidisciplinary care after surgery. Results : Of the 103 participants, 95% were female, 64% married, 59% with children and 54% with higher education. The mean age was 35.69 years and the mean duration of performing surgery, 11.74 months. The surgical technique that prevailed was Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass (90.3%), the local monitoring concentrated in the private care (93.2%). In the preoperative, most participants consulted more than three times with the surgeon (n=81), nutritionists (n=70), psychologist (n=70). After the surgery, p most patients maintained monitoring with the surgeon and nutritionist. Concerning the internet use, 51.5% accessed the internet in search of information about health and bariatric surgery every day. Facebook and search tools were the most used sites. Conclusion - Data showed the influence of the information contained on the Internet and the adherence to multidisciplinary monitoring. This fact requires the team to consider the use of the Internet as a variable that may interfere and must be handled during follow-up. It is suggested that an active participation of professionals on their websites and social networks and the diversification of services and interventions to stimulate follow-up after surgery.
Desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de fêmeas F1 Holandês x Nelogir
Authors: RAIDAN Fernanda Santos Silva , COSTA Maria Dulcineia da , RUAS José Reinaldo Mendes , ROCHA JUNIOR Vicente Ribeiro , SILVA Edilane Aparecida da , SANTIAGO Ronaldo Lazzarini , RIBEIRO Antônia de Maria Filha , RIBAS Wemerson Fábio Gomes
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar as características produtivas e reprodutivas de fêmeas 1/2 Holandês x ¼ Nelore, ¼ Gir (Nelogir). Avaliou-se os efeitos de ordem e época de parto, do reprodutor da raça Gir e do reprodutor da raça Holandesa, avô materno e pais das matrizes 1/2 Holandês x Nelogir, respectivamente. A produção de leite total, com duração da lactação média de 288 dias, foi de 3.426,9kg de leite. A ordem de parto influenciou a produção média diária que foi maior no segundo parto e a duração da lactação, superior nos animais de primeiro parto. O período de início das águas apresentou menor duração da lactação e produção por dia de intervalo de parto. A produção de leite total não variou de acordo com o reprodutor Gir, pai da Nelogir, e foi superior nas matrizes filhas de reprodutores Holandeses com PTA positivo para leite. Ao primeiro parto o pico de produção foi de 13,03kg aos 45 dias de lactação, e a partir do segundo parto a produção foi decrescente desde o parto. Conclui-se que, em condições tropicais, as características produtivas e reprodutivas sustentam a iniciativa de produção de animais 1/2 Holandês x Nelogir a partir de matrizes compostas Nelogir e que a escolha do touro da raça Holandesa para produção de F1 HNG deve ser baseada no valor genético aditivo para produção de leite (PTA leite).
Subtitling words or omitting worlds? A metafunctionally-oriented analysisALLY-ORIENTED ANALYSIS
Authors: Matielo Rafael , Vasconcellos Maria Lúcia Barbosa de , Baldissera Elaine Espindola
Published: October 2015

Abstract: This article reports on the phenomenon of omission in the subtitles of the TV series Heroes from an Audiovisual Translation/Systemic Functional Linguistics (AVT/SFL) standpoint. In order to test and expand on the methodological framework put forward by Kovačič (1998), the present study investigates the meanings translated out of the subtitles in terms of experiential, interpersonal, and textual realizations. The analyses reveal a different construal considering the spoken dialogues and their subtitled counterparts for the linguistic construal of the subtitles may sometimes prevent the spectator from having access to certain meanings from the narrative being recreated or construe a different message than the one being realized by the characters in the series. Thus, the different construal the subtitles present impacts on the flux of events of the episode in the same way that the goings-on were impacted by the omissions found in the data herein investigated.Keywords: Subtitling; Omission; Systemic Functional Linguistics; Metafuncional Meanings.Resumo: Este artigo aborda o fenômeno da omissão de significados metafuncionais nas legendas do seriado de TV Heroes, apoiando-se no arcabouço teórico da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, especialmente na dimensão metafuncional, e no arcabouço metodológico proposto por Kovačič (1998). Com base nisso, o artigo tem por objetivo investigar os significados ideacionais, interpessoais e textuais omitidos nas legendas em português brasileiro, o que impede que o espectador brasileiro tenha acesso a significados realizados nos diálogos entre os personagens da série, impactando também diretamente na representação do fluxo de eventos presentes no episódio em estudo.Palavras-chave: legendagem; omissão; linguística sistêmico-funcional; significados metafuncionais.
Análise do discurso ecológica: fundamentação teórico-metodológica
Authors: Couto Elza Kioko Nakayama Nenoki do , Albuquerque Davi Borges de
Published: October 2015

Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os principais aspectos da teoria e da metodologia da Análise do Discurso Ecológica (ADE). A análise do discurso ecológica (ADE) que é apresentada neste trabalho se encontra inserida na linguística ecossistêmica, que faz parte da corrente ecolinguística praticada no Brasil. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho está organizado da seguinte maneira: após a introdução, serão apresentados os pressupostos filosóficos e ecológicos da ADE, na seção (1); em (2), será comentada a teoria da linguística ecossistêmica; em (3), serão discutidos os aspectos teóricos da linguística e das diferentes teorias da análise do discurso em que a ADE se baseia; em (4), serão apontados alguns procedimentos de análise para a ADE; finalmente, em (5), serão feitas as considerações finais.Palavras-chave: ecolinguística; metodologia; análise do discurso.Abstract: This article has two objectives. First, to present theoretical aspects of Ecological Discourse Analysis (EDA). Second, to develop methodological steps to this theory. The EDA which is presented here is part of the ecosystemic linguistic theory that is the main ecolinguistic approach practiced in Brazil that differs from other ecological approaches to linguistic studies. Regarding the EDA theoretical aspects, we present its linguistic, philosophical and ecological foundations, and also which are the similarities and divergences between EDA and other discourse theories. Regarding EDA methodological procedures, we propose an outline with distinct phases in which are pointed out some characteristics of data collection, analysis and interpretation, based on the methodology of Ecolinguistics, Descriptive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis. Finally, we discuss the ongoing EDA researches and the perspectives to future investigations in this area, we also present the EDA contributions to Linguistics, Discourse Studies and Ecolinguistics.Keywords: Ecolinguistics; Methodology; Discourse Analysis.
limiar entre a filosofia e a poesia em História natural da ditadura, de Teixeira Coelho
Authors: Barberena Ricardo Araújo
Published: October 2015

No limiar entre a filosofia e a poesia, existe uma territorialidade híbrida na qual se operam intercâmbios analógicos e ficções epistemológicas. E é justamente nessa área de contágio que se encontra a escritura de Teixeira Coelho em História natural da ditadura. Ou seria uma filosofia narrativizada? Afinal, como bem ressalta Sartre, em toda filosofia há uma “prosa literária escondida”. No íntimo da filosofia, aloja-se a eterna tentação do poético, quer nos congratulemos com o fato, quer o deploremos. Esse inquietante texto contemporâneo de Teixeira Coelho transita por uma espacialidade em paralaxe no tocante aos diferentes sistemas de opressão e violência. Ao visitar o não-monumento a Walter Benjamin, a obra de León Ferrari ou os cárceres da ditadura brasileira, a obra propõe uma pungente reflexão fragmentada por estilhaços memorialísticos e por epifanias líricas. Como relâmpagos de poesia, a escritura filosófico-poética de Teixeira Coelho tece uma simultaneidade de sentidos: a ditadura como estado natural, a natureza da ditadura, a inacabada e constante crônica da depravação e cumplicidade com a repressão.
Vetores da mestiçagem em Os tambores de São Luís (1975), de Josué Montello
Authors: Oliveira Luiz Henrique Silva de
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho pretende discutir como se configura a mestiçagem no romance Os tambores de São Luís (1975), de Josué Montello. Pretende-se demonstrar como o texto é pautado por um fim específico, que existe antes e para além do enredo. O narrador não só opera como fonte da história, mas também como o intérprete do seu significado. O efeito persuasivo da história passa por uma identificação virtual do leitor com o protagonista, Damião, mas também remete a outros personagens, como Barão. A miscigenação conduz no livro os valores e direções da representação do brasileiro ideal.
AZEVEDO, Luciene; DALCASTAGNÈ, Regina. Espaços Possíveis na Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea. Porto Alegre: Zouk, 2015.
Authors: Ji Renan
Published: October 2015

Resenha do livro Espaços Possíveis na Literatura Brasileira Contemporânea
NUNES, Paulo. O corpo no escuro - Poemas. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras , 2014. 119 p.
Authors: Rosa Mário Alex
Published: October 2015

Livro de estreia de Paulo Nunes ilumina o escuro e a poesia.
Escritas autobiográficas em Armando Freitas Filho
Authors: Cintra Elaine Cristina
Published: October 2015

A poética de Armando Freitas Filho comporta várias expressões de escritas do eu, que se confrontam com sua vocação radicalmente metalinguística. Para verificar como tais formas autobiográficas se articulam nessa obra, como se desenvolvem em uma perspectiva evolutiva e como representam sua geração e seu tempo, essa pesquisa propôs a análise de três momentos que encenam a questão: o autorretrato, o diário e a autobiografia poética. Objetivou-se, assim, elucidar como a inserção dessas expressões na obra do poeta se entremeia no discurso lírico contemporâneo e os significados que evocam. Como resultado, concluiu-se que o uso dessas expressões no poeta está articulado com seu projeto de desvelar sua escrita em todas as perspectivas possíveis, expondo sua gênese, seus procedimentos e, inclusive, o sujeito que a constitui.
Retinopathy from Interferon Therapy for Cutaneous Melanoma in a Patient with Hypertension and Diabetes—A Case Report
Authors: Kim Alice Y , George Meena , Berry Jesse L ,   Medical Student (MS3), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, US,   Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, US,   Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Department of Ocular Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, US
Published: October 2015

High-dose pegylated interferon alpha-2b (IFN 〈2b) is an antineoplastic agent and biological response modulator used as first-line adjuvant therapy in cases of melanoma. Development of IFN-associated retinopathy is a rare but known complication of treatment. In the setting of additional co-morbidities, such as diabetes or hypertension, the etiology of retinopathy may be difficult to assess given the shared findings of nerve fiber layer infarcts and variably affected visual acuity. Thus, it is recommended to conduct a baseline ophthalmologic examination for patients with other comorbidities prior to initiating high-dose IFN therapy to help guide appropriate intervention should retinopathy develop. Once detected, the distribution of nerve fiber layer infarcts should be noted on exam, as well as duration and severity of diabetes, hypertension, and IFN therapy to help narrow the differential. We report a case of a 55-year-old female who developed retinopathy after initiating high-dose IFN therapy for cutaneous melanoma in the setting of a history of diabetes and systemic hypertension. The retinopathy resolved with discontinuation of the adjuvant therapy.
Optimized Mac Unit
Authors: Santhosh K V , Nithin S
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a new multiplier design is proposed which reduces the number of partial products by 25%. This multiplier has been used with different adders available in literature to implement multiplier accumulator (MAC) unit and parameters such as propagation delay, power consumed and area occupied have been compared in each case.From the results, Kogg tone adder has been chosen as it provided optimum values of delay and power dissipation. Later, the results obtained have been compared with that of other multipliers and it has been observed that the proposed multiplier has the lowest propagation delay when compared with Array and Booth multipliers.
Implementation of Smart Grid Using Lab View
Authors: Ginoth R , Prasad Navin
Published: October 2015

Like the Personal Computer and smart phone, most disruptive ideas combine existing elements in a way that provides a dramatically better solution. The same phenomenon is true for the smart grid. Embedded reconfigurable instrumentation and control systems powered by National Instruments (NI) Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) software are merging with cloud-based networking, analytics, and other cutting-edge information technologies.The proliferation of smart networked embedded systems, widely distributed throughout the grid, will revolutionize the way electricity is produced, consumed, and distributed. Like the information technology (IT) revolution that drives it, the energy technology (ET) revolution will bring dramatic innovations that make energy cheaper, cleaner, and more abundant. By this presentation spectators can understand the technology development in the fields of energy.
Short‐term anuran community dynamics in the Missouri River floodplain following an historic flood
Authors: Grant Tyler J. , Otis David L. , Koford Rolf R.
Published: October 2015

Extreme ecological disturbances such as floods, wildfires, and droughts are difficult to study because they are rare and unpredictable. We had the opportunity to study the effect of an historic flood on an anuran community in the Missouri River floodplain. We used occupancy estimation to estimate the proportion of wetlands occupied by calling adult male anurans. Three species—the plains leopard frog (Lithobates blairi), Woodhouse's toad (Anaxyrus woodhousii), and Blanchard's cricket frog (Acris blanchardi)—had only minor changes in occupancy rate two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were positively associated with wetlands that were shallower near the shore and they did not appear to be affected by reduced vegetation. Three other species or species complexes—the northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), the gray treefrog complex (Hyla versicolor and Hyla chrysocelis), and the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata)—had greatly reduced occupancy rates two years after the flood. Colonization rates for these species were relatively low, while they had high extinction rates. Colonization rates for these species were not associated with any habitat characteristic we measured. Future flood events will likely continue to make northern leopard frogs, gray treefrogs, and boreal chorus frogs a less important part of the ecological community. While some species may fare well under extreme climate events, such as this flood, that are forecast under climate change scenarios, many species will struggle.
Land cover and precipitation controls over long‐term trends in carbon gains in the grassland biome of South America
Authors: Texeira Marcos , Oyarzabal Mariano , Pineiro Gervasio , Baeza Santiago , Paruelo Jose Maria
Published: October 2015

Carbon gains are a key aspect of ecosystem functioning since they represent the energy available for upper trophic levels. Carbon gains (or primary production) are strongly correlated with other ecosystem attributes such as secondary production and they are also the support for the provision of many ecosystem services. Given the documented dependency of primary production on precipitation, we expect that altered precipitation regimes, such as those projected by climate models, will have a significant impact on carbon gains. Land use and land cover changes are also expected to have a significant impact on the dynamics of carbon gains. We generated a spectral database of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by vegetation (fPAR), in order to study long‐term trends (i.e., decades) in carbon gains and its spatial and temporal relationships with precipitation and land cover patterns in Uruguay, which is part of the Rio de la Plata Grasslands, one of the largest temperate grasslands biome of the world. We found that carbon gains of native forests and grassland afforestation exhibited the strongest positive spatial response to precipitation, whereas crops and rangelands the weakest. In addition, we found that the temporal response of carbon gains to precipitation was strong and positive for all land uses. Although there were not clear trends in precipitation, we found strong negative trends in carbon gains through time, particularly in rangelands of the “Northern Campos” of Uruguay, where these trends represent a decrease between 10% and 25% of the annual aboveground net primary production. On the other hand, positive trends in carbon gains through time were associated to grassland afforestation and native forests. Therefore, during the period analyzed, land cover had a stronger influence on the observed trends in carbon gains than precipitation. These patterns emerged as a consequence of the interaction among precipitation, temperature, edaphic factors and management. Present trends in the controlling factors of C gains would exacerbate the observed patterns with serious consequences for the provision of ecosystems services.
Effects of in‐channel beaver impoundments on mercury bioaccumulation in Rocky Mountain stream food webs
Authors: Painter Kristin J. , Westbrook Cherie J. , Hall Britt D. , O'Driscoll Nelson J. , Jardine Timothy D.
Published: October 2015

Beavers (Castor spp.) are ecosystem engineers and important modifiers of freshwater ecosystems. They create impoundments that flood the surrounding landscape and modify the flow of materials through streams, thus potentially increasing nutrients, productivity and the availability of toxic methyl mercury (MeHg) to downstream food webs. Here we quantify food web‐available MeHg in water, periphyton, and invertebrates collected from 15 streams up‐ and down‐stream from beaver impoundments in the Rocky Mountain foothills of Western Canada. While nutrients, algal biomass, and total invertebrate standing stock were not significantly elevated below ponds, MeHg concentrations (average increase of 1.7×) and percent of total Hg that was MeHg (average increase of 1.3×) showed a trend of higher values in all compartments downstream and the difference was significant in predatory invertebrates. This suggests that beaver impoundments can increase the availability and subsequent uptake of MeHg by basal food web organisms even if their immediate influence on nutrients and resources is limited. As beaver populations continue to rebound, more research is needed to fully characterise the effects of beavers on nutrient and contaminant cycling under different biogeochemical conditions.
Wildfire disturbance and productivity as drivers of plant species diversity across spatial scales
Authors: Burkle Laura A. , Myers Jonathan A. , Belote R. Travis
Published: October 2015

Wildfires influence many temperate terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Historical environmental heterogeneity created by wildfires has been altered by human activities and will be impacted by future climate change. Our ability to predict the impact of wildfire‐created heterogeneity on biodiversity is limited because few studies have investigated variation in community composition (beta‐diversity) in response to fire. Wildfires may influence beta‐diversity through several ecological mechanisms. First, high‐severity fires may decrease beta‐diversity by homogenizing species composition when they create landscapes dominated by disturbance‐tolerant or rapidly colonizing species. In contrast, mixed‐severity fires may increase beta‐diversity by creating mosaic landscapes containing habitats that support species with differing environmental tolerances and dispersal traits. Moreover, the effects of fire severity on beta‐diversity may change depending on site conditions. Disturbance is hypothesized to increase local species richness at higher productivity and decrease local species richness at lower productivity, a process that can have important, but largely unexamined, consequences on beta‐diversity in fire‐prone ecosystems. We tested these hypotheses by comparing patterns of beta‐diversity and species richness across 162 plant communities in three sites that span a large‐scale gradient in climate and productivity in the Northern Rockies of Montana. Within each site, we used spatially explicit fire‐severity data to stratify sampling across unburned forests and forests burned with mixed‐ and high‐severity wildfires. We found that beta‐diversity (community dispersion) of forbs was higher in mixed‐severity compared to high‐severity fire, regardless of productivity. Counter to our predictions, local species richness of forbs was higher in burned landscapes compared to unburned landscapes at the low‐productivity site, but lower in burned landscapes at the high‐productivity site. This pattern may be explained by rapid regeneration of woody plants after fire in high‐productivity forests. Moreover, forbs and woody plants had disproportionately higher overall species richness in mixed‐severity fire compared to high‐severity fire, but only at the low‐productivity site. These patterns suggest that mixed‐severity fires promote higher landscape‐level biodiversity in low‐productivity sites by increasing species turnover across landscapes with a diverse mosaic of habitats. Our study illustrates the importance of understanding the mechanisms by which patterns of wildfire severity interact with environmental gradients to influence patterns of biodiversity across spatial scales.
Análisis del retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de los supermercados en el Perú
Authors: Zamudio Gutierrez Alfredo
Published: October 2015

Para el año 2008 se contaba con 121 supermercados en el Perú y a diciembre 2012 se incrementó a 205 locales. Estas cifras muestran un pleno crecimiento de  los supermercados. Es así que nace el presente estudio, analizar el retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de los supermercados en el Perú. Según Maximixe (2013) el Perú, a diferencia de otros países como Chile, Brasil y Ecuador presenta una participación de mercado de 15%, mientras que los otros tres países presentan en promedio 60% del mercado moderno. El estudio analizará los supermercados de categoría económicos de medianas superficies, es decir de 1.500 a 2.500 m² de superficie de venta, donde se manejan 20,000 productos aproximadamente, que son los supermercados más representativos y de mayor presencia en el Perú.

La investigación tiene como propósito, analizar el retorno de la inversión en la gestión comercial de los supermercados en el Perú utilizando métricas no financieras, para ello se evaluará previamente el análisis de la inversión con métricas financieras, las que servirán de base inicial o estructura para utilizar la nueva metodología propuesta, la cual será explicada en la sección de metodología. Por este motivo es importante conocer los parámetros financieros y no financieros del crecimiento.

Analysis of the return on investment in sales management in supermarkets in Peru

By 2008, Peru had 121 supermarkets and by December 2012, the number increased to 205. These numbers show booming supermarket growth. Thus, the current study analyzes the return on investment in sales management among supermarkets in Peru. According to Maximixe (2013), supermarkets in Peru have a 15% market share while other countries like Chile, Brasil and Ecuador have a market share closer to 60%. This study analyzes bargain, medium-sized supermarkets (1,500 to 2,500 square meters of sales floor) that sell approximately 20,000 products, which are the most representative and common supermarkets in Peru.

This research seeks to analyze the return on investment of sales management in supermarkets in Peru using non-financial metrics. To do so, we will use financial metrics to analyze the return on investment as a baseline or structure to use the new methodology proposed and explained in a later section. This makes understanding the financial and non-financial growth metrics important.
Engineered Highly Crush-Resistant Cement Slurry to Prevent Lost Circulation
Authors: Veisi M. Sheikh , Taoutaou S. , Steven A. , Pasteris M. , Wedhaswari V. Rasmi , Awalt M. , Kadrie M. , Permata E.
Published: October 2015

Total E&P Indonesie (TEPI) has been drilling in the Tunu, Tambora, and Handil (TTH) fields located in Delta Mahakam, East-Kalimantan of Indonesia. These fields have been producing gas for some decades in Indonesia. Casing cementation over weak formations and low fracture gradients are some of the major challenges encountered during operations in these fields; hence, designing and pumping lightweight slurry systems with superior performance when compared with conventional cement slurries is required to overcome the aforementioned operational challenges.

Historically, slurries in TTH have been designed with conventional cenospheres as the extender; cenospheres are a byproduct of coal combustion at thermal power plants, and, in some cases, cementing operations would either face lost circulation or sustained casing pressure (SCP) or a combination of both due to cenospheres crush and an increase in downhole density. An alternative method was needed to replace the existing cenosphere-based system and prevent lost circulation, which mainly occurs due to slurry instability and higher downhole density. A comparison study required collection of four different samples of engineered glass bubble extenders.

This paper describes the results of an extensive, thorough study on different slurry designs to replace the current method with a new system to minimize the risk of lost circulation and eventually reduce the risk of SCP which, in some cases, is a consequence of lost circulation. Field implementation results of the new system confirmed an effective reduction in the number of wells encountering lost circulation during cementation. The comparison of cementation with both systems in the same field in more than 150 wells is presented in this paper to provide a case history that reflects operational improvements achieved by using the engineered highly crush-resistant cement slurry system.
Nonprofit Resource Allocation Decisions: A Study of Marginal versus Average Spending
Authors: Kitching Karen A. , Roberts Andrea Alston , Smith Pamela C
Published: October 2015

Economic theory suggests managers make decisions to allocate resources based on marginal analysis, regardless of how such allocations influence performance measures. Even so, anecdotal evidence suggests that managers of charities deviate from marginal analysis and respond to external pressure from donors to achieve desired performance measures, computed as average ratios of spending on program activities to total spending. We examine whether spending patterns reflect concern and donor pressure by comparing marginal and average spending patterns. We provide evidence that, in most instances, average spending patterns do not change when budgets increase. That is, average program ratios do not change when budgets grow. We find that when budgets decrease, however, charity managers make resource allocation decisions that decrease the average program ratio. This asymmetry suggests that charity managers are more willing to report declining program ratios when budgets decrease, but not improve program ratios when budgets increase. We also find that charities that are small, rely little on contributions, receive no government support, and report zero fundraising make resource allocation decisions that decrease the program ratio when budgets increase. This finding suggests that some charities perceive greater pressure to conform to donor pressure than others.
Chemicals from Lignin by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, from Product Control to Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Custodis Victoria , Hemberger Patrick , Bährle Christian , Vogel Frédéric , Jeschk Gunnar , Van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: October 2015

Conversion of lignin into renewable and value-added chemicals by thermal processes, especially pyrolysis, receives great attention. The products may serve as feedstock for chemicals and fuels and contribute to the development of a sustainable society. However, the application of lignin
conversion is limited by the low selectivity from lignin to the desired products. The opportunities for catalysis to selectively convert lignin into useful chemicals by catalytic fast pyrolysis and our efforts to elucidate the mechanism of lignin pyrolysis are discussed. Possible research
directions will be identified.
A Short History of the Use of Plants as Medicines from Ancient Times
Authors: Hassan Hani Mutlak A.
Published: October 2015

A concise historical overview on the use of plants for medical treatments from ancient times is discussed.
To notify or not to notify: decision aid for policy makers on whether to make an infectious disease mandatorily notifiable
Authors: Bijkerk Paul , Fanoy Ewout B. , Kardamanidis Katina , van der Plas Simone M. , te Wierik Margreet J. , Kretzschmar Mirjam E. , Haringhuizen George B. , van Vliet Hans J. , van der Sande Marianne A.
Published: October 2015

Mandatory notification can be a useful tool to support infectious disease prevention and control. Guidelines are needed to help policymakers decide whether mandatory notification of an infectious disease is appropriate. We developed a decision aid, based on a range of criteria previously used in the Netherlands or in other regions to help decide whether to make a disease notifiable. Criteria were categorised as being effective, feasible and necessary with regard to the relevance of mandatory notification. Expert panels piloted the decision aid. Here we illustrate its use for three diseases (Vibrio vulnificus infection, chronic Q fever and dengue fever) for which mandatory notification was requested. For dengue fever, the expert panel advised mandatory notification; for V. vulnificus infection and chronic Q fever, the expert panel concluded that mandatory notification was not (yet) justified. Use of the decision aid led to a structured, transparent decision making process and a thorough assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of mandatory notification of these diseases. It also helped identify knowledge gaps that required further research before a decision could be made. We therefore recommend use of this aid for public health policy making.
Introduction
Authors: Millar Kathleen M.
Published: October 2015

E. P. Thompson's social history of capitalism has enduring relevance for anthropological analyses of economic crisis, precarious labor, and class struggle today. This introduction provides a synthesis of the ethnographic cases in this theme section by reflecting on several impulses in Thompson's work that both resonate with and challenge current ethnography of political and economic change. Thompson's focus on moments of transition, his conception of human subjectivity as a process of “making,” and his view of class struggle as arising from tensions between old and new orders bring history and political economy into the study of emergent social formations. Inspired by Thompson's critique of rigid theoretical models, this introduction suggests ways not only to adopt but also to modify the historian's insights for ethnographic work on contemporary capitalism.
Up in smoke?
Authors: Keene Sara
Published: October 2015

This paper draws on the work of E. P. Thompson to understand anticapitalist resistance in northern California in the 1960s and 1970s. Through an analysis of the back-to-the-land movement in a region I call “Claytown,” I show how the making of a rural moral economy was in part enabled by the presence of a nascent marijuana industry. However, whereas a relatively small-scale marijuana industry helped forge anticapitalist resistance in the 1960s and 1970s, this industry has become a form through which values of capitalist political economy are being instantiated and reasserted. I situate my ethnographic analysis within a broader historical and legal framework to show how a contemporary moral economy is made and increasingly unmade in the context of late capitalism.