bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apple, Insect and Mite Control, 1984
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 28-year-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 300 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 17 May (pre-pink), 3 Jun (petal fall), 16 Jun (first cover), 27 Jun (second cover), 11 Jul (third cover), 26 Jul (fourth cover), 8 Aug (fifth cover), 20 Aug (sixth cover). Materials were applied on dates as noted in table. The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100 gal) on 29 Apr, Phygon 50W (0.5 lb) on 1 Jun, Polyram 80W (2 lb) and Amid-Thin W (12 ppm) on 13 Jun, and Cyprex 65W (0.75 lb) on 29 Jun and 3 Jul. In addition, Polyram 80W (2 lb) was mixed with each insecticide treatment at each of the first 5 post-bloom sprays, and Captan 80W (1 lb) was mixed at the last 2 cover sprays. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used, with 2 ‘Mcintosh’ and 2 ‘Cortland’ cultivars per treatment. Except for test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides. On 30 Aug, 0.5 box of apples was picked from each tree, and about 490 apples were examined per treatment on 9 to 15 Sep for external egg punctures (AM) egg-laying scars (PC), and typical feeding injuries (CM and LAW). ERM were counted on 3 dates from 19 Jul to 17 Aug on 25 leaves collected at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. Aphid counts are based on 5 randomly selected vegetative terminals around each tree. Numbers of live aphids on the distal 4 unfurled and 1 furled leaves and on the stem included by these leaves were recorded on 9 and 17 Jul. Jul and Aug were relatively dry (1.8 and 1.5 inches rain, respectively); Aug was also warm.
European Corn Borer First Brood Control in Northern Minnesota, 1984
Authors: Ostlie K. , Holen C. , Noetzel D.
Published: March 2022

Eighteen insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against first brood European corn borer in matched trials at 2 locations in northern Minnesota. At both locations corn was just tasseling on 23 Jul. The infestation at Crookston averaged 73% with 3.8 larvae per infested plant for a field average of 2.8 larvae per plant. The infestation at Thief River Falls averaged 58% with 4.2 larvae per infested plant, for a field average of 2.4 larvae per plant. Larvae ranged from first to third instars, with the majority in the second instar. Treatments were applied to plots, measuring 2 rows x 25 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Liquid sprays were applied over the row with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 40 psi delivering 23 gal/acre. Granular insecticides were applied by hand over the row using a calibrated shaker. Efficacy was evaluated on 23-24 Aug by dissecting 5 plants per plot and recording tunnel frequency.
Western Corn Rootworm Planting-Time Treatments, Akron, Co, 1984
Authors: Peairs Frank B. , Pilcher Stanley D.
Published: March 2022

Plots were 2 rows across the field and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 14 May with a tractor-mounted electric Gandy applicator with 7 inch spreaders mounted 3 inches above the soil surface. The spreaders were removed for the in-furrow treatments and the spreader tube directed into the furrow. Incorporation was with a 10 inch John Deere press wheel and tines. The field was center-pivot irrigated and had been planted to field corn since 1978. Soil type was a Platner sandy loam. Treatments were evaluated on 18 Jul by digging 6 plants/plot and evaluating the roots on the Iowa 1-6 scale.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Combinations Against Bollworms on Cotton in Southern North Car-Olina, 1982
Authors: Bacheler Jack S. , Mann David E.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted on 4 May near Gibson, NC, on a Norfolk sandy loam soil. Preplant incorporated and preemergence herbicides were Prowl ut 1.5 pt/acre and Cotoran at 1.0 lb 80WP/acre in a 9 in band, respectively. Temik at 0.45 lb ai/acre was applied with 12-13 lb acid-delinted seed per acre on 40 in rows. The previous crop was cotton. Plots were 6 rows by 40 ft and arranged in a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a backpack CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 4.8 gal H20/acre with 60 psi at 4 mph with one TX-5 nozzle per row. Ovicides were applied on Jul 23 and 26; the remaining larvicide treatments were applied on Jul 29 and Aug 6, 12, and 19. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.25 ai/acre Guthion on Aug 12 for boll weevil control. Live bollworms and damaged fruit were monitored by inspecting 25 squares and 25 bolls per plot (100 total per treatment) within 72 h after treatments. The center 2 rows were hand-harvested for yield comparisons.
Acaricide Treatments for Carmine Spider Mite in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 14 May on 40 in rows. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications of 5 treatments. Plots were 3 rows by 40 ft with 5-ft alleys between blocks. Two rows in each plot were treated leaving the third row as a buffer between contiguous plots. Treatments were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer adjusted to deliver 10 gal of solution/acre through 2 TX-8 hollow cone nozzles per row at 35 psi and 3 mph. Treatments were made 16 and 21 Jul. Mites were counted in the field, on 16 (pretreatment), 20 and 25 Jul by examining 1 sq inch of leaf undersurface on 25 leaves per plot for the presence of adult female mites. The fourth leaf from the top of a randomly chosen plant was selected and the number of adult female mites were counted and recorded with the aid of a 1 OX “linen tester” lens centered on the leaf nectary.
Chemical Control of the Cotton Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton, 1984
Authors: Fitt Johnny R. , Teetes George L.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 14 May on rows spaced 40 inches apart. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots were 10 rows wide X 60 ft with 4-ft alleys between blocks. The inner 6 rows of each plot were treated leaving a 4-row buffer between contiguous plots. Insecticides were applied with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 4 gal of solution per acre through two TX-3 hollow cone nozzles per row at 58 psi and 4 mph. Each insecticide was applied in water and in a 6.25% oil plus water emulsion. Natur’l oil, a blended vegetable oil with emulsifiers, was used for all oil emulsion treatments. Insecticide applications were made 19, 24 and 28 Jul, and 2, 8, 13 and 18 Aug beginning on the 12th day of cotton bloom. Cotton bollworm and tobacco budworm infestation and damage levels were determined the day before and approximately 4 days after an insecticide application, by examining 50 plant terminals per plot to record numbers of larvae and eggs, and by the collection and examination of 50 third grown or larger squares, chosen at random, to determine damage levels. Cotton yields were determined by harvesting cotton from plants in two, 20-ft sections in each plot. Cotton in each plot was harvested twice.
Evaluation of Fundal Yield Enhancement, 1984
Authors: Graham L. C. , Gaylor M. J. , Fleischer S. J. , Nightengale S. P.
Published: March 2022

A field evaluation of Fundal of yield enhancement was conducted on sandy loam soil at the Plant Breeding Unit of Auburn University, Tallassee, AL. Cotton was planted on 23 Apr in 40 inch rows. Nemacur 3E was applied at planting at a rate of 0.75 lb (AI)/ac. Four replicates of 3 treatments were applied in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 36 rows x 75 ft with 25-ft alleys between replicates. Fundal was applied with ground equipment at a rate of 11.5 gal total spray/acre (3.5 mph, 50 psi, 2 Teejet TX6 80° nozzles/row). Plots were treated with Fundal at a rate of 0.125 lb (AI)/acre on 2 schedules. Early plots were treated 6 times at 1 wk intervals beginning at the 3 node stage of growth (24 May). Late plots were treated 4 times at 1 wk intervals beginning at the 9 node stage of growth (14 Jun). Control plots did not receive any Fundal. All plots were treated with ground equipment for boll weevil and Heliothis spp. populations as needed with blanket applications of recommended commercial insecticides.
Planting Time Treatments for Greenbug (Biotype E) Control on Grain Sorghum, 1984
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at the University of Nebraska Field Laboratory, Mead, NE, in grain sorghum planted 7 Jim in Sharpsburg silty clay loam. Plots were 1 row, 22 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticide granules were applied in the furrow with the seed by using a seed cone mounted on a 1-row John Deere Model 71 Flexi-Planter. Rainfall from initial planting date to the last aphid sampling period was measuralile in inches 9 Jun (3.20), 11 Jun (0.60), 12 Jun (1.65), 13 Jun (0.80), 15 Jun (0.60), 16 Jun (0.80), 3 Jul (0.70), 5 Jul (0.70), 16 Jul (0.25), and 26 Jul (0.30). The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on each of 10 plants selected at random from each row at weekly or semi-weekly intervals. Greenbug counts were continued until populations had decreased from parasite intervention (30 Jul). Dead leaf counts were made 27 Aug by evaluating 10 plants in each replication for greenbug-caused necrosis.
Sorghum Webworm Control and Flower Bug Mortality on Sorghum in Mississippi, 1983
Authors: Thead Larry G. , Castro Marco T. , Pitre Henry N.
Published: March 2022

Populations of sorghum webworm larvae were observed on 15 Sep feeding on sorghum cv. Dekalb 42 Y (hard-dough stage), planted on 11 Jul in Oktibbeha County, MS. Populations exceeded 102 webworms per 10 heads selected randomly from the field. Plots were 1 row wide and 44 ft in length arranged in a randomized complete block with 3 replicates.
May Beetle Grub Control, North Carolina, 1982
Authors: Kard B. M. , Hain F. P.
Published: March 2022

Two formulations of Sevin and 4 other soil applied insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling May beetle grubs in Christmas tree plantings of Fraser fir. The test area was former pasture planted to Fraser fir. The plantation had a density of 1700, 9-year-old firs per acre. The tree rows were sprayed with grass herbicide subsequent to tree plantings. The tractor rows and between-tree rows were left in sod consisting of a mixture of annual and perennial grasses and several broadleaf weeds. The sod had been recently cut at the time of insecticide applications. The mineral-organic Porter loamy soil (2-3% organic matter) located in Watagua Co. had a pH of 5.4, an average soil temperature of 16.9 degrees C at a depth of 4 inches, and a moisture content of 19% by weight. Test plots measured 20 by 30 ft and contained 25 firs each. The planting area contained an average of 6.9 late-stage grubs per sq ft. Each treatment was acquired on 14 Sept; insecticides were applied on 21 Sept. One sq ft of sod per plot was. turned back to expose and count grubs. The sod was replaced without injury to the grubs. Liquid insecticides were mixed with 2 gal of water per plot and applied with a hand-pressurized, portable sprayer. Granular formulations were applied with a 20 inch wide hand-pushed spreader. On 5 Oct, posttreatment grub counts were acquired by turning back a previously untouched sq ft of sod. Both surviving and dead grubs were counted. Percent grub mortality was calculated by dividing the number of dead post-treatment grubs by the sum of the surviving plus dead grubs, and multiplying by 100.
Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control, 1981
Authors: Nappen Paul B. , Hain Fred P.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for efficacy in controlling Nantucket pine tip moth larvae in a Virginia pine Christmas tree plantation. Six plots, each consisting of 25, 4-year-old Virginia pine trees, were randomly selected. The top fourth of each tree per plot was sprayed with 1 of the 5 insecticides while the sixth plot remained untreated. A 2.5 gal UNICO No. 141U hand pump sprayer was used to apply the insecticides. Timing of the insecticide application was determined by peak moth catch in baited pheromone traps. Spray tests were evaluated 3 wk after treatment. The percent of terminal leaders infested by the tip moth were recorded. Two separate applications were made, one in April and again in June.
Spring Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway at University Park, Pa, 1984
Authors: Heller P. R. , Shetlar D. J.
Published: March 2022

Four insecticide treatments were applied 30 Sep ‘83 for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of annual bluegrass (30%) and Kentucky bluegrass (70%). Treatment plots were 10 by 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a hand held sprinkling can in 3 gal of water. After all treatments were completed, the entire area was irrigated for 20 min. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temp, 65°F; soil temp, 34°F; soil type, clay loam; soil pH, 6.5; percent organic matter, 2.0; amount of thatch, 0.2 inches; and partly cloudy skies. Posttreatment counts were made 251 days later (7 Jun ‘84). Four ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate and the total number of surviving grubs per ft2 was recorded for each ft2 sample.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control of Potted Chrysanthemums, Massachusetts, 1984
Authors: Mimms R.A.S. , Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were tested for efficacy against greenhouse whitefly and for phytotoxic responses on chrysanthemums. Plants were grown in 4 inch pots using 50% MetroMix 350 and 50% sterilized field soil. The plants were pinched on 24 Oct. Flower buds began showing during the third week of November. Each insecticide was applied with a 2-qt capacity hand pump sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of 3 plants, which were then placed randomly on benches. Applications were made on 15 Oct and again on 14 Nov. Whitefly populations were measured by inspecting one intermediate leaf per plant and counting the adults and immatures present.
Boxleaf Euonymus, Hemispherical Scale Control 1984
Authors: Sheffer Barbara J. , Williams Michael L. , Miller Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Twelve 1-1.5-ft-tall boxleaf euonymus, heavily infested with hemispherical scale, were selected for treatment. Greenhouse grown test plants were in a pine bark media in 2-gal black plastic pots in a completely random arrangement spaced evenly on a 4 X 9.5-ft table. Test materials were applied 20 Sep with hand-pumped, compressed-air sprayers. Test plants were removed from the greenhouse and all foliage was sprayed to runoff. When plants had dried, they were returned to the greenhouse. Treatments were replicated 3 times with each plant constituting 1 replication. Mortality counts were made by examining 100 scales per replicate 27 Sept under a stereomicroscope and scoring each scale as living if normally colored and full bodied or dead if discolored and shriveled or dried.
Oak, Orange-Striped Oakworm, 1984
Authors: Schultz Peter B.
Published: March 2022

On 14 Aug, 20 oak trees in Virginia Beach, VA, were used to evaluate 4 insecticides for control of orange-striped oakworm. Insecticides were applied using a 1 gal B & G compressed air sprayer at 30 psi. Plants were treated to runoff. Larval counts of the replicated treatments were made 48h after treatment. Temperature at time of treatment was 77°F and 1.95 inches of rainfall fell between application and evaluation.
Phytotoxicity on Vanda Orchid with Dursban, Hawaii, 1983
Authors: Hara A. H.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on flowering Vanda ‘Miss Joaquim’ in Aug. Plants were field-grown on tree fern logs with 120 plants per treatment. Dursban 2E and 4E were applied as a foliar spray to runoff at 0.5, 1, and 2 lb(AI)/ 100 gal. Applications were made on 10 Aug, 16 Aug, 23 Aug with a compressed CO2 sprayer at 40 lb/in2 and equipped with an 8004 nozzle. During the test period, the avg max temp was 29°C and the avg min temp was 20°C. Plants and flowers were evaluated weekly for phytotoxicity and the damage rated on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (severe damage).
Trigard Phytotoxicity Evaluations, California, Spring, 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants, Santa Barbara County, Calif., evaluated the effects of 1 x , 2 x , and 4 x rates of Trigard (1X =0.125 lb Al/acre). Three flats, each containing 9 pony paks with 6 plants per pony pak, were evaluated per treatment per plant species. Trigard or water applications were applied to runoff with a 200-gal Bean Sprayer @ 250 psi on 12, 19 Mar and 2 Apr (temp = 23.4-25.7°C, 28.2-29.5°C, 22.3-24.4°C, respectively). Weekly phytotoxicity readings were compared to the water check.
Dursban Phytotoxicity Evaluations on Geranium, California, Spring, 1984
Authors: Robb K. L. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

Phytotoxicity trials on bedding plants, Santa Barbara County, Calif., evaluated the effects of 1X , 2x and4x rates of Dursban 50W (1X = 0.5 lb AI/100 gal). Twenty pots of each variety (Pelargonium domesticum var. Morning Glory; P. peltatum var. Mrs. Banks, P. hortorum var. Crimson Fire) were evaluated per treatment rate. Dursban was applied to runoff with a 150-gal Bean Sprayer @ 250 psi on 12, 19 Mar and 2 Apr (temp = 22.9-24.9°C, 28.3-29.2°C, and 21.9-24.2°C, respectively). Weekly phytotoxicity readings were compared to the water check.
Redheaded Pine Sawfly Larval Control in Pa, 1983
Authors: Shetlar David J. , Heller Paul R.
Published: March 2022

Scots pine trees (1-1.5 m tall) were selected in a Christmas tree plantation near McAlevy’s Fort, PA on 5 Aug if they contained at least 1 nest of sawflies. Five pesticide treatments plus a water control were applied on 8 Aug after taking pre-spray counts. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Application was made until runoff using a 1.5-gal stainless steel hand-pump sprayer. The wind was 3-5 mph and temperature was 23°C. Post spray counts were made by inspecting each tree for the number of remaining live larvae.
Greenhouse Whitefly Control on Poinsettias, Massachusetts, 1984
Authors: Mimms R. A. S. , Vittum P. J.
Published: March 2022

Seven insecticides were tested for efficacy against green-house whiteflies and for phytotoxic responses of red poinsettias. Plants were grown in 6-inch pots in 50% Metro Mix 350 and 50% sterilized field soil. The plants were pinched to 7 leaves on 2 Oct. Bracts started showing color during the second week of November. Each insecticide was applied with a 2-qt capacity hand pump sprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of 3 plants, which were then placed randomly on benches. Applications were made on 15 Oct and again on 14 Nov. Whitefly populations were measured by inspecting 1 intermediate leaf per plant and counting the adults and immatures present.
Fall Webworm Control with Insect Growth Regulators (Igr), 1984
Authors: Weaver Joseph E.
Published: March 2022

Individual fall webworm nests and surrounding foliage were sprayed to point of runoff using a 2-gallon compression sprayer. The average amount of spray used to treat individual nests among the treatments ranged from 167 to 294 ml. Spray solutions were mixed on the basis of g (AI)/liter. Nine nests were sprayed with each IGR. On each sample date, 3 nests pei treatment and 3 untreated controls were cut from branches, placed in plastic bags and held under refrigeration until examined (usually within 24 h). Each nest was examined and percent larval mortality determined. Average length of larvae in 3 nests sampled at treatment ranged from 9.9 to 19.3 mm (equivalent to 3rd to 5th instars). Accumulative precipitation for the test period totalled 1.43 in., all of this occurred prior to the 5 DAT sample date.
St. Augustinegrass, Southern Chinch Bug Control, Florida, 1983
Authors: Reinert James A. , Bilz Frank G.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated for control of organophosphate-resistant southern chinch bugs on 2 infested residential lawns of St. Augustinegrass, in southern Florida. Both lawns had previously been treated by a commercial lawn service with 1.12 kg of Al/ha of chlorpyrifos (the recommended rate) with no resulting control. Plots (1.5 X 3.0 m) were treated with insecticides in 2 experiments in randomized complete block experiments each with 4 replicates. Chemicals were applied in ca. 4 liters of water/plot and washed into the turf with ca. 8 liters of water. Chinch bug populations were measured before treatments and at 7 and 14 days posttreatment. Samples were made by forcing a 34.7-cm-diam metal cylinder partially into the turf, filling it with water to flood the turf, and counting the chinch bugs that surfaced in 8 min.
Control of Red Harvester Ant with Baits, Drenches, and Powder Contrates, 1984
Authors: Price Richard , Pinkston Ken , King Ed , Freeman Richard
Published: March 2022

Evaluation of red harvester ant control was conducted near Stillwater, Oklahoma, on 16 acres of open pastureland. Treatments were randomized and replicated 5 times. Ant mounds were checked for activity and marked prior to the start of the tests. Treatments were made on 7 Jun. Mounds were checked for visible ant activity at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 wk after treatment. On the 16 wk, all mounds were checked for visible ant activity by digging to a depth of 1 ft beneath the mound. Treatments were applied over each nest opening to cover an area 4 ft in diameter. Drenches consisted of applying 1 gal of finished spray from a garden sprinkler can while baits and powders were applied by evenly distributing the material over the surface of the mounds. One treatment consisted of applying a Dursban drench in a hole in the center of the mound. The hole was 1 ft in diameter and 6 inches deep. Rainfall in the area during the test was: Jun, 5.32 inches; Jul, .63 inches; Aug, 1.02 inches; Sep, 1.19 inches; Oct, 4.85 inches for a total of 13.01 inches.
Apple, Insect Control, Hudson Valley, Highland, New York, 1984
Authors: Weires R. W. , VanKirk J. R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to 8-tree plots replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied at pink, 7 May, petal fall, 3 or 4 Jun, and in cover sprays 18 Jun, 2 Jul, 16 Jul, 30 Jul, and 15 or 16 Aug. The 2 Dimilin treatments were applied 7 May, 2 Jul, and 16 Jul; the DPX Y5893 treatments 7 May; and the Spur treatment on 7 May, 4 Jun, 2 Jul, and 30 Jul. Guthion was applied to the Dimilin and DPX plots on the remaining dates. Pounce was applied 7 May and 4 Jun, while Advantage was applied on the remaining dates. Treatments were applied to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 400 psi delivering 4.2 gal spray/tree or 403 gal/ acre. Trees were 20-years-old, 12 ft high, spaced 15 by 30 ft, and on EMU rootstock. Additional applications over the entire block included: Bravo 500 8 qt/ acre, 18 Apr; Captan 50WP 3 lb/acre, 4 Jun and 28 Jun; Vangard 10WP 30 oz/acre, 28 Jun; Benlate 50WP 1 lb/acre, 13 Jul; and Dithane M-45 78WP 6 lb/ acre, 26 Jul and 15 Aug. Plictran 50WPP6 oz/100 gal, was applied for mite control in the Pounce and Dimilin/Guthion plots on 26 Jul. AA were evaluated on 1 ‘Rhode Island Greening’ tree/plot on 20 Jul; RAA on 1 ‘Cortland’ tree/plot on 8 Jun; EAS from 1 ‘McIntosh’ tree/plot on 12 Jun; and STLM on 1 ‘Empire’ tree/plot on 17 Oct. Insect damage to fruit was assessed at harvest by examining 100 fruits/cultivar/plot from ‘McIntosh’ 10 Sep, ‘Empire’ 24 Sep, and ‘Golden Delicious’ 4 Oct. A cool, wet spring resulted in bloom lasting longer than normal. Continual rainfall during the final week of bloom prevented timely application of the petal fall spray.
Sheep Ked Control with Insecticide Ear Tags, 1984
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Pfadt R. E. , Watson D. W. , LeaMaster B. R.
Published: March 2022

Insecticide ear tags were evaluated on flocks of sheep that varied in size from 11 to 50 animals. The tags, which were smaller than conventional cattle ear tags, were ca. 5 g each. All mature sheep in the flocks had been shorn between 15 Mar and 21 May ‘84. In flocks of ewes and lambs, only the ewes were treated. In flocks that were primarily dry ewes (plus a few yearlings) or rams, every animal was treated. Treated animals received tags in both ears. Each flock was teated between 5 and 14 Jun ‘84. Sheep ked population densities were determined in the treated and 3 untreated flocks by making whole body counts of adult keds on either 5 lambs and 5 ewes or 10 mature animals immediately preceding and 4 to 6 wk following treatment.
Apple, Petal Fall Insecticide Applications, 1984
Authors: Forsythe H. Y.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied to 13-year-old trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays using a hand gun and a hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi at 300 gal/acre. Trees were sprayed on 3 Jun (petal fall). The fungicide program consisted of Difolatan 4F (5 qt/100 gal) on 29 Apr. There were 4 single-tree replications for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used. Except for test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides. On 30 Aug, 0.5 box of apples was picked from each tree, and about 480 apples were examined per treatment on 8 Sep for typical feeding injuries by MLB and egg-laying scars by PC. On 2 dates MLB counts were taken by rapping a fruit cluster over a plastic box; on 21 Jun, 20 clusters were sampled per tree and on 9 Jul, 10 clusters. ERM were counted on 1 date on 25 leaves collected mostly at chest-height around the periphery of each tree. Leaves were brought into the laboratory and brushed onto glass plates coated with a Tween 20 and alcohol mixture; mites were counted the same day. The first half of Jun was very warm.
Black Vine Weevil Control, 1983-84
Authors: Shanks Carl H. , Chamberlain Jimmie D. , Chase David L.
Published: March 2022

Plots, 2 ft x 4 ft, were surrounded by 12-inch-high aluminum barriers. The metal was coated with Fluon to keep the flightless adult weevils from crawling either in or out. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied in 1983 on the dates shown in the table. Sprays were applied at the rate of 300 gal of water/acre. Granules were broadcast over the plots by use of a “salt shaker” applicator. Plots were infested with 10 adult black vine weevils on both 1 Jun ’83 and 25 Jun ’83. Sprays were allowed to dry before the weevils were placed on the soil under the vines. Treatments were evaluated on 16 Apr ’84. All vines were pulled from each plot and then vine and root vigor were rated subjectively on a scale of 1 (poorest) to 5 (best). All larvae were collected from the soil and counted.
Control of Grape Berry Moth, 1982-83
Authors: Cortas Lina M. , Jubb Gerald L.
Published: March 2022

Two tests were conducted in established Concord grape vineyards in North East, PA. The 1982 test had a plot size of 5 vines in a row replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. A minimum of 1 vine served as a buffer between plots in a row, and a 1-row buffer between plot rows was maintained. Sprays were applied on 9 Jun, 17 Jun, 11 Aug and 23 Aug using a 6-gal True-Test plant sprayer operated off a high pressure hose of a Myers 61256ET2 hydraulic vineyard sprayer. Operating pressure was 100 lb/in2. Sprays were applied to runoff resulting in approximately 100 gal/acre during Jun and Jul and 200 gal/acre during Aug. Triton AG-98 was the spreader-sticker used at a rate of 8 oz/100 gal in all treatments. The 1983 test was similar to the 1982 test except replications in 1983 were located in border rows of separate vineyards to insure heavy berry moth infestations in all replications. Application dates in 1983 were 22 Jun, 8 Jul, 8 Aug and 23 Aug. Treatments were evaluated on 24 Sep ’82 and 30 Sep ’83 by hand harvesting 50 clusters at random per plot and examining all berries for berry moth larvae and injury.
Snap Beans, European Corn Borer Control, 1984
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

Snap beans were planted in 4-row plots 35 ft long on 3-ft centers on 13 Jun. The center 2 rows of each plot were the treatment rows. Each plot was buffered on each side by an untreated guard row. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at a rate of 50 gal/acre at 90 psi on 25 Jul and 2 Aug. Treatments were applied with a custom built row crop sprayer equipped with 3 drop nozzles per row. All plots were infested with approx. 250 1-day-old ECB larvae/10 ft of row on 22 and 29 Jul (total of 500 larvae/10 ft for both infestation dates). Heavy rains followed each infestation. Consequently, the majority of the larvae were killed. Bazookas were used to dispense larvae onto plants. A 10 ft section from each plot was harvested on 7 Aug and yield was recorded. On the same date 250 bean pods from each plot were examined for European corn borer injury.
Diamondback Moth on Broccoli, 1984
Authors: Nahors Raymond A.
Published: March 2022

Broccoli was planted 14 April on 38 inch rows in loam soil with high N, P, K and a pH of 6.2. A plot consisted of 2 rows 100 ft long. There were 4 replications of each treatment. Broccoli was sprayed on 11 June using an R&D pistol belt sprayer with CO2 pressure at 50 psi delivering 25 gal/acre through a flat-fan nozzle. The relative humidity was 71%, the temperature was 80°F and the wind was from the west at 5 mph. A new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (SAN 415) was used in this test. Evaluations were made 48h after treatment. The criterion for evaluation was the number of caterpillars on 10 randomly selected plants in each treatment.
Insect Control on Spring Planted Collards, 1984
Authors: Criswell Jim T. , Bostian Bruce
Published: March 2022

Collards were seeded 6 March at the Vegetable Research Station, Bixby, OK. Plots consisted of three 3-m rows with 0.3 m between rows. Plots were completely randomized and treatments were replicated 3 times. Treatments were applied 21 May, 4 Jun and 11 Jun.
Collard Insect Control, 1983
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

Collards were transplanted 25 May near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers and were mulched with black plastic. Treatments were made using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 9, 16, 23, 30 Jun, 7, 18, 25 Jul, 3 and 10 Aug. Plyac spreader-sticker was added to all treatments. Insect counts were made on 9, 16 and 29 Jun, and damage ratings were made 29 Jun, 19 Jul and 8 Aug.
Apple, Large Block Chemical Control of Codling Moth, 1985
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

Two insecticides were evaluated for their ability to provide seasonal control of the codling moth. A 25-year-old apple orchard with under-tree irrigation was used for this test. All materials were applied in a dilute spray at 400 gal per acre using a Bean airblast sprayer. Two applications were made against first generation of codling moth. The first Dimilin application was timed to coincide with beginning of oviposition or 75 degree days (9 May) after first moth detection in pheromone traps. The second application was applied 21 days following the first (1 Jun). The first application of Guthion was timed to coincide with predicted 3% egg hatch or 250 degree days (23 May) following first moth flight as detected in pheromone traps. The second cover was applied 21 days following the first (13 Jun). One application was made against second generation. Dimilin was applied at 1000 degree days (8 Jul) following first moth while Guthion was applied at 1650 degree days (23 Jul) after first moth. After first generation all fruit from 25 trees in each block were examined and the number of injured apples recorded. Following second generation 100 fruit on 25 trees were examined and the number of injured fruit recorded. Mites were sampled bi-weekly beginning in mid-Jun. Fifty leaves were selected at random (5 leaves/tree) from trees within each test block, brushed and counted in the laboratory. Aphid counts were taken on 13 Sep. Relative density of green apple aphid (GAA) was estimated by counting infested terminals out of 50 from each of 10 trees selected at random from each block. Density of woolly apple aphid (WAA) was estimated by selecting 10 vegetative shoots from the center of each of 10 trees per block. Active WAA colonies on each shoot were counted. Density of white apple leafhopper (WALH) was estimated by counting leafhoppers observed on 25 leaves per tree from each of 10 trees per block.
Efficacy of BTS48011 on Cabbage for Control of Aphids and Larvae, 1983
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

‘Golden Acre’ fresh market cabbage was seeded into 25-ft, 2-row beds having 22-inch row and 18 to 24-inch interplant spacing on 27 Apr ’83. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. BTS 48011 was applied at 0.10, and 0.20 lb ai/acre on 22 and 29 Jun, and 6, 13, and 20 Jul using a drop nozzle boom mounted on a high clearance sprayer travelling at 2.75 mph. The insecticide was applied in 40 gpa at 60 psi through TEEJET® hollow cone nozzles with 1 nozzle above and 1 on each side of the row. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Plots were irrigated with sprinklers at 1.0 acre-inches/week. Overall efficacy was determined by the percent of uncontaminated/undamaged cabbage heads in 20 examined. The numbers of insects present was determined 27 Jul, seven days after the final application. Phytotoxic effects were determined at the same time.
Evaluation of Acaricides for Control of Spider Mites on Cantaloupes, 1985
Authors: Perring Thomas M. , Farrar Charles A.
Published: March 2022

Melons were planted 31 Jan ’85 on 80 inch center slant beds at the Imperial Valley Field Station, El Centro, CA. Seeds were precision planted on the south-facing slope of the bed to take advantage of solar heating. Furrow irrigation and other standard practices were used. Experimental plots, 4 rows × 25 ft, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. Pesticide applications were made on 16 May using a 2-row, handheld CO2-driven backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 24 gal of total spray/acre at 40 psi. Materials evaluated and rates used are presented in the data table. Total number of adult TSSM were counted on 5 plants/plot. On these plants, 5 leaves, on which the most adult female mites were found, were selected between leaves 10 and 20 on the primary branch. Counts were made on these leaves and summed for a plant total. Counts were made on 15, 22, 28 May, 5 and 11 Jun. Hendersons formula, which takes into account the natural increase/decrease of mites in the control plots was used to convert mite counts into percent control.
Sweetcorn, Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm Control, 1985
Authors: All J. N. , Javid A. , Guillebeau P. L. , Chamberlin J. R. , A11 J. D.
Published: March 2022

‘Funks G80’ planted 1 Jun ’85, at the University ol Georgia Experiment Station, Oconee Co. Soil type was a Cecil coarse sandy loam. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 2 row plots × 6.5-m long × 1-m row wide with 1-m alleys. There were 5 replicates. Plants were treated with a full cone spray using an air pressure sprayer at 30 psi with a final volume of 500 1/ha directed on the plant ears. Sprays were applied 9 times beginning at the initiation of silking on 26 Jul, and continuing 29, 31 Jul, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 Aug. All ears in the center 6 m of row were examined on 16 Aug for the presence of larvae oi damage.
Control of European Corn Borer on Early Sweet Corn, 1985
Authors: Bowman James S. , Everich Robert C.
Published: March 2022

This study was performed on the Hughe Tuttle Farm, Dover, NH and utilized ‘Seneca Star’ sweet corn that was planted on 11 Apr. Each plot consisted of a single 30-foot row of corn and each treatment was replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. The spray treatments were applied using a B&G CO2 pressurized (40 psi) single nozzle hand-held sprayer that delivered 14.4 gal/acre. The granular treatments were applied by hand. All applications were directed into th( whorls when the corn plants showed signs of ECB leaf feeding injury and before tassels began to emerge from the whorls. Two spray applications were made 5 days apart while the granular treatments were applied once. Evaluations for the percentage of injured tassels was made on 15 Jul and percentage of injured stalks and ears were made at harvest time by examining all the plants in each treatment.
Control of Aphids and Aster Yellows in Lettuce, Ft. Collins, Co, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

‘Great Lakes’ lettuce was transplanted 12 Aug at the Colorado State University Bay Farm, Ft. Collins, CO. Individual plots were 25 heads planted in a staggered double bed at 18-inch spacing. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 19 Aug and 27 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 50 gals/acre. Aphids were counted 30 Aug on 5 randomly selected heads/plot. Aster yellows, vectored by the aster leafhopper, was assessed 23 Sep by counting infected heads.
Potato Insect Control, 1985-Comparative Efficacy of Conventional Vs. Controlled Droplet Application
Authors: Goh K. S. , Specker D. R. , Tingey. W. M.
Published: March 2022

Potato seed pieces were planted in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 22 May ’85 at the C.U. Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, NY. Each plot c onsisted of a 30-ft long row separated by 2 skip-rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with: 1) a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer with 4 hollow cone nozzles delivering 100 gal/acre at 250 PSI, and 2) a tractor-mounted controlled droplet applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 6.7 gal/acre at 3500 RPM and 20 PSI. Treatments were applied on 25 Jun, 16 Jul, and 27 Aug. Sampling methods and dates were: 1) CPB: no. of live beetles per 10 hills on 24 Jun, 2 Jul; no. of dead beetles per 10 hills on 26, 28 Jun; no. of live larvae per 20 mainstems on 9 Jul; no. of live larvae per 5 mainstems on 17, 30 Jul; 2) aphids: no. per 5 compound leaves (from lower ⅓ of plant) on 11, 17, 30 Jul; no. per 4 compound leaves on 14 Aug; no. per 2 compound leaves on 30 Aug; and 3) PLH: no. per 5 D-vac sampling sites on 15, 18 Jul, 1,15 Aug, and 3 Sep. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production.
Potato Insect Pest Control with Systemic Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Halbert Susan , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 18 Apr at the j University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Caldwell, ID, in Vickery-Marsing silt loam. Plots were 2-row, 20 ft long separated by 3-ft borders of ‘Red Pontiac’ potatoes in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications. Insecticides were applied broadcast, in-furrow at planting, or in a 10 inch band. Those chemicals applied broadcast or in a 10 inch band were applied by hand, then soil incorporated. Counts for aphids and the CPB were made weekly by examining 10 leaves per plot. CPB damage rating was from 0-3, with 0 being no visible damage and 3 severe damage. Wireworm damage was assessed at harvest by examining 50 tubers from each plot.
Green Peach Aphid Control on Potatoes, Center, Co, 1985
Authors: Liewehr David J. , Cranshaw Whitney S.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 7 May at the San Luis Valley Research Center, Center, CO. Plots were 3-row, 24 ft. in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 11 Jul and 8 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 64 gal/acre. An additional Kryocide treatment was also applied 25 Jul. Evaluations were made at weekly intervals by examining 35 leaves from the center row of each plot. Green peach aphid predominated although small numbers of potato aphids were also observed.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1985
Authors: Hall F. R. , Zajac M. A.
Published: March 2022

Test materials were applied as dilute sprays (270-300 gal/acre) to mature ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Jonathan’ and ‘Stayman’ apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft apart. A completely randomized design was utilized, with 3 replications (cultivars) per treatment. Compounds were applied with a handgun sprayer at 400 psi on the following dates: 22 Apr (pink (P)), 7 May (petal fall (PF)), 21 May (first cover (IC)), 14 Jun and 1 Jul. Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves, collected at chest-height from the periphery of each tree; in the laboratory, mites were brushed onto glass plates coated with Tween 20.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle Larvae with Foliar Insecticides, 1985
Authors: Watrin Clifford G. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 6 May, at the University of Minnesota Northwest Experiment Station, Crookston, MN and at the Red River Valley Potato Growers Association Research Farm, Grand Forks, ND. Plots were of variable length with 38-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with 3 replications. Pretreatment counts were made by counting all 2nd through 4th instars on sufficient plants to yield a minimum of 200 larvae per plot. At Crookston, most larvae were 3rd and 4th instar, at Grand Forks, most larvae were 2nd or 3rd instar. Insecticide sprays were applied using a CO2 powered hand-sprayer delivering 36 gal of water at 35 psi. At Crookston, beetle counts were made 9 Jul, 10 Jul and 15 Jul; foliar sprays were applied 9 Jul immediately after the pretreatment count. At Grand Forks, counts were made 1 Jul, 8 Jul, 10 Jul and 16 Jul; Bacillus thuringiensis and the insect growth regulators were applied 1 Jul and 9 Jul, the conventional insecticides were applied on 9 Jul only. Two untreated controls were included at both locations. Percent control was based on pretreatment and posttreatment counts for each plot.
Foliar Sprays for Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes, 1985
Authors: Zehnder Geoffrey , Speese John
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted on 18 Mar at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25-ft long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Potatoes were planted with 10-inch plant and 36-inch row spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 75 gal water per acre at 40 psi. Applications were made on 23 Apr, 7, 14, and 21 May, and 3 Jun except for F-4999 and Karate treatments which were applied on 7, 14, and 21 May, and 3 Jun. Evaluation criteria consisted of direct counts of the numbers of CPB larvae and adults on 10 randomly chosen stems per treatment.
Maggot Control in Radish, 1985
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Champion’ radish was seeded to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 16 Apr. Each plot consisted of 2, 25-ft-long rows on 5-ft-wide beds; rows were seeded in 30-inch centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were seeded with a Planet Junior single-row planter and granular in-furrow applications were made with a Noble applicator attached to the tool bar of a 5-ft-wide bicycle sprayer. Liquid treatments were applied with a sprinkler can at a rate of 150 gal/acre. After seeding, all plots were sprinkled with 30 fl oz of Atlas fish emulsion to attract adult maggot flies. On 28 May, 100 radishes/plot were harvested and examined for insect-damaged roots, including root maggots, cutworms, and grubs.
Zectran Efficacy Against Insect Pests of Summer Squash, 1984
Authors: Royer Tom A. , Edelson J. V.
Published: March 2022

‘Prolific Straightneck’ variety squash was direct-seeded on 29 Aug at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Annex Farm, Mercedes, TX. Soil type was a Raymondville clay loam. Five replicates were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Plots were 50 ft by 2 beds and bordered by 1 row of a wheat-barley grass mixture to minimize drift. Squash was grown using standard commercial practices. Zectran rates were applied through a CO2-powered, back-pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 13 Oct. Efficacy was evaluated 3 days post-spray by counting insects on 5 plants per plot. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and fitted to a linear regression model for analysis where × = insecticide rate in lb (AI)/acre, and Y = insect or % damaged flower count.
Tomato Insect Control, Rocky Ford, CO, 1985
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Lordier Martha K. , Jagne Jarra F. , Pace Michelle , Wawrzynski Robert P. , Schweissing Frank C.
Published: March 2022

‘UC-280’ tomatoes were planted 30 May as seed at the Arkansas Valley Research Center, Rocky Ford, CO. Plantings were made as double bed rows spaced 60 inches between beds. Plot size was 3 beds, 25 ft in length and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticide applications were made 31 Jul and 15 Aug using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 100 gal/acre. Potato aphid and tomato psyllid control was evaluated 22 Aug by sampling 35 leaves/plot. Flower thrips were counted from a 25-blossom sample. Fruit scarring was evaluated on 24 fruit/plot 9 Sep using a 1 (no damage) to 4 (most scarring) scale. Even the most damaged fruit suffered only minor cosmetic injuries concentrated at the blossom end.
Control of Colorado Potato Beetle with Pydrin in Conventional Till and No-Till Transplanted Toma Toes, 1985
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Ohio 7870’ tomato transplants were planted both no-till and conventional till in 25-ft rows on 15 May ’85 with a 2-row Holland transplanter. The planter was equipped with a chisel in front of each planter shoe for no-till treatments. Plots consisted of 3 rows with the center row being the record row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 12 inches. No transplanting was made in overwintered rye. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 90 psi. Treatments were applied 7, 27 Jun and 3, 18 arid 23 Jul. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of CPB larvae/10 plants were recorded.