bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fission program at n_TOF
Authors: Tassan-Got L. , Colonna N. , Diakaki M. , Eleme Z. , Manna A. , Sekhar A. , Stamatopoulos A. , Aberle O. , Alcayne V. , Amaducci S. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Babiano-Suarez V. , Bacak M. , Barbagallo M. , Bennett S. , Berthoumieux E. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. S. , Busso M. , Caamaño M. , Caballero L. , Calviani M. , Calviño F. , Cano-Ott D. , Casanovas A. , Cerutti F. , Chiaveri E. , Cortés G. P. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Cristallo S. , Damone L. A. , Davies P. J. , Dietz M. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Ducasse Q. , Dupont E. , Durán I. , Fernández-Domíngez B. , Ferrari A. , Ferro-Gonçalves I. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Garg R. , Gawlik A. , Gilardoni S. , Göbel K. , González-Romero E. , Guerrero C. , Gunsing F. , Heinitz S. , Heyse J. , Jenkins D. G. , Jiri U. , Junghans A. , Kadi Y. , Käppeler F. , Kimura A. , Knapová I. , Kokkoris M. , Kopatch Y. , Krticˇka M. , Kurtulgil D. , Ladarescu I. , Lederer-Woods C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Lonsdale S.-J. , Macina D. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. F. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Michalopoulou V. , Milazzo P. M. , Millán-Callado M. A. , Mingrone F. , Moreno-Soto J. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Ogállar F. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Petrone C. , Piersanti L. , Pirovano E. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Ramos Doval D. , Reifarth R. , Rochman D. , Rubbia C. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schillebeeckx P. , Schumann D. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. , Sprung P. , Tagliente G. , Tain J. L. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. E. , Thomas B. , Torres-Sánchez P. , Tsinganis A. , Urlass S. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vescovi D. , Vlachoudis V. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. J. , Žugec P.
Published: June 2019

Since its start in 2001 the n_TOF collaboration developed a measurement program on fission, in view of advanced fuels in new generation reactors. A special effort was made on measurement of cross sections of actinides, exploiting the peculiarity of the n_TOF neutron beam which spans a huge energy domain, from the thermal region up to GeV. Moreover fission fragment angular distributions have also been measured. An overview of the cross section results achieved with different detectors is presented, including a discussion of the 237Np case where discrepancies showed up between different detector systems. The results on the anisotropy of the fission fragments and its implication on the mechanism of neutron absorption, and in applications, are also shown.
Preliminary results on the 233U capture cross section and alpha ratio measured at n_TOF (CERN) with the fission tagging technique
Authors: Bacak M. , Aiche M. , Bélier G. , Berthoumieux E. , Diakaki M. , Dupont E. , Gunsing F. , Heyse J. , Kopecky S. , Laurent B. , Leeb H. , Mathieu L. , Schillebeeckx P. , Serot O. , Taieb J. , Vlachoudis V. , Aberle O. , Andrzejewski J. , Audouin L. , Balibrea J. , Barbagallo M. , Bečvář F. , Billowes J. , Bosnar D. , Brown A. , Caamaño M. , Calviño F. , Calviani M. , Cano-Ott D. , Cardella R. , Casanovas A. , Cerutti F. , Chen Y. H. , Chiaveri E. , Colonna N. , Cortés G. , Cortés-Giraldo M. A. , Cosentino L. , Damone L. A. , Domingo-Pardo C. , Dressler R. , Durán I. , Fernández-Domínguez B. , Ferrari A. , Ferreira P. , Finocchiaro P. , Furman V. , Göbel K. , García A. R. , Gawlik A. , Gilardoni S. , Glodariu T. , Gonçalves I. F. , González-Romero E. , Griesmayer E. , Guerrero C. , Harada H. , Heinitz S. , Jenkins D. G. , Jericha E. , Käppeler F. , Kadi Y. , Kalamara A. , Kavrigin P. , Kimura A. , Kivel N. , Knapova I. , Kokkoris M. , Krtička M. , Kurtulgil D. , Leal-Cidoncha E. , Lederer C. , Lerendegui-Marco J. , Meo S. Lo , Lonsdale S. J. , Macina D. , Manna A. , Marganiec J. , Martínez T. , Masi A. , Massimi C. , Mastinu P. , Mastromarco M. , Maugeri E. A. , Mazzone A. , Mendoza E. , Mengoni A. , Milazzo P. M. , Mingrone F. , Musumarra A. , Negret A. , Nolte R. , Oprea A. , Patronis N. , Pavlik A. , Perkowski J. , Porras I. , Praena J. , Quesada J. M. , Radeck D. , Rauscher T. , Reifarth R. , Rubbia C. , Ryan J. A. , Sabaté-Gilarte M. , Saxena A. , Schumann D. , Sedyshev P. , Smith A. G. , Sosnin N. V. , Stamatopoulos A. , Tagliente G. , Tain J. L. , Tarifeño-Saldivia A. , Tassan-Got L. , Valenta S. , Vannini G. , Variale V. , Vaz P. , Ventura A. , Vlastou R. , Wallner A. , Warren S. , Weiss C. , Woods P. J. , Wright T. , Žugec P.
Published: June 2019

233U is of key importance among the fissile nuclei in the Th-U fuel cycle. A particularity of 233U is its small neutron capture cross-section, which is on average about one order of magnitude lower than the fission cross-section. The accuracy in the measurement of the 233U capture cross-section depends crucially on an efficient capture-fission discrimination, thus a combined set-up of fission and γ-detectors is needed. A measurement of the 233U capture cross-section and capture-to-fission ratio was performed at the CERN n_TOF facility. The Total Absorption Calorimeter (TAC) of n_TOF was employed as γ-detector coupled with a novel compact ionization chamber as fission detector. A brief description of the experimental set-up will be given, and essential parts of the analysis procedure as well as the preliminary response of the set-up to capture are presented and discussed.
Development of a Gaseous Proton-Recoil Detector for neutron flux measurements between 0.2 and 2 MeV neutron energy
Authors: Marini P. , Mathieu L. , Aïche M. , Chiron T. , Hellmuth P. , Pedroza J.-L. , Kessedjian G. , Czajkowski S. , Jurado B. , Tsekhanovich I.
Published: June 2019

Absolute measurements of neutron fluence are an essential prerequisite of neutron-induced cross section measurements, dosimetric investigations and neutron beam lines characterisation. Independent and precise neutron flux measurements can be performed with respect to the H(n,p) elastic cross section. However, the use of silicon proton recoil detectors is not straightforward below incident neutron energy of 1 MeV, due to a high background in the detected proton spectrum. A new gaseous proton-recoil detector has been designed to answer the challenge. The detector is described in details and results of the commissioning tests are presented.
Systematic measurements of prompt fission γ rays – and what they tell us about fission fragment de-excitation
Authors: Oberstedt Andreas , Gatera Angélique , Göök Alf , Oberstedt Stephan
Published: June 2019

In a recent measurement of prompt γ rays from the spontaneous fission of 252Cf an experimental setup was chosen that allowed the study of angular correlations between γ rays and the nuclei from which they were emitted. The observed angular distribution of prompt fission γ rays was then analyzed to estimate the relative contributions from radiation of different multipolarity. Preliminary results are presented and compared to previous angular correlationmeasurements from different fission processes and recent results from calculations with the Monte Carlo Hauser-Feshbach code FIFRELIN.
Performance validation of the first arm of FALSTAFF: 252Cf and 235U fission fragment characterisation
Authors: Doré D. , Berthoumieux E. , Deshayes Q. , Thulliez L. , Legou P. , Combet M. , Kebbiri M. , Marcel A. , Mols J-Ph. , Frégeau M.O. , Herlant S. , Ledoux X. , Pancin J. , Oberstedt S.
Published: June 2019

The renewed interest for the study of nuclear fission is mainly motivated by the development of GEN-IV reactor concepts, mostly foreseen to operate in the fast neutron energy domain. To support this development, new high-quality nuclear data are needed. In this context, a new experimental setup, the FALSTAFF spectrometer, dedicated to the study of nuclear fission is under development. Employing the double-velocity (2V) and energy-velocity (EV) methods, the fission fragment mass before and after neutron evaporation will be deduced and the correlation between prompt neutron multiplicity and fragment mass will be determined. The first arm of the spectrometer is achieved. It is composed of two SED-MWPC detectors (a combination of a foil to produce secondary electrons and a Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber to detect them) and an axial ionization chamber. The SED-MWPC give access to the velocity (V) via time-of-flight and position measurements. The ionization chamber measures the fragment kinetic energy (E) and the energy loss profile. Preliminary results for spontaneous fission of 252Cf and from the thermal-neutron induced fission experiment on 235U, performed at the Orphée reactor (CEA-Saclay, France), are presented.
Prompt and Delayed Neutron Emissions and Fission Product Yield Calculations with Hauser-Feshbach Statistical Decay Theory and Summation Calculation Method
Authors: Okumura Shin , Kawano Toshihiko , Chiba Satoshi
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate the neutron emission and fission product yield calculations using the Hauser–Feshbach Fission Fragment Decay (HF3D) model and β decay. The HF3D model calculates the statistical decay of more than 500 primary fission fragment pairs formed by the neutron induced fission of 235U. In order to calculate the prompt neutron and photon emissions, the primary fission fragment distributions, i.e. mass, charge, excitation energy, spin and parity are deterministically generated and numerically integrated for all fission fragments. The calculated prompt neutron multiplicities, independent fission product yield are fully consistent each other. We combine the β-decay and the summation calculations with the HF3D model calculation to obtain the cumulative fission product yield, decay heat and delayed neutron yield. The calculated fission observables are compared with available experimental data.
Constraining Fission Yields Using Machine Learning
Authors: Lovell Amy , Mohan Arvind , Talou Patrick , Chertkov Michael
Published: June 2019

Having accurate measurements of fission observables is important for a variety of applications, ranging from energy to non-proliferation, defense to astrophysics. Because not all of these data can be measured, it is necessary to be able to accurately calculate these observables as well. In this work, we exploit Monte Carlo and machine learning techniques to reproduce mass and kinetic energy yields, for phenomenological models and in a model-free way. We begin with the spontaneous fission of 252Cf, where there is abundant experimental data, to validate our approach, with the ultimate goal of creating a global yield model in order to predict quantities where data are not currently available.
Covariance Matrices for Differential and Angle-Integrated Neutron-Induced Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections of 56Fe
Authors: Chen Shengli , Bernard David , Archier Pascal , De Saint Jean Cyrille , Noguere Gilles , Tamagno Pierre
Published: June 2019

Correlations between neutron inelastic scatterings angular distributions are not included in the Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion (JEFF) nuclear data library, while they are key quantities for uncertainty propagation of nuclear data. By reproducing the angle-integrated cross sections and uncertainties of JEFF-3.1.1, the present work obtains covariance matrix between high energy model parameters using the least square method implemented in the CONRAD code. With this matrix, it is possible to generate correlations between angle-integrated cross sections and angular distributions, which are usually presented by Legendre coefficients. As expected, strong correlations are found, for example, between the Legendre coefficients of elastic and first-level-inelastic scatterings and the angle-integrated total, elastic, total inelastic cross sections.
A first sketch: Construction of model defect priors inspired by dynamic time warping
Authors: Schnabel Georg , Sjöstrand Henrik
Published: June 2019

Model defects are known to cause biased nuclear data evaluations if they are not taken into account in the evaluation procedure. We suggest a method to construct prior distributions for model defects for reaction models using neighboring isotopes of 56Fe as an example. A model defect is usually a function of energy and describes the difference between the model prediction and the truth. Of course, neither the truth nor the model defect are accessible. A Gaussian process (GP) enables to define a probability distribution on possible shapes of a model defect by referring to intuitively understandable concepts such as smoothness and the expected magnitude of the defect. Standard specifications of GPs impose a typical length-scale and amplitude valid for the whole energy range, which is often not justified, e.g., when the model covers both the resonance and statistical range. In this contribution, we show how a GP with energy-dependent length-scales and amplitudes can be constructed from available experimental data. The proposed construction is inspired by a technique called dynamic time warping used, e.g., for speech recognition. We demonstrate the feasibility of the data-driven determination of model defects by inferring a model defect of the nuclear models code TALYS for (n,p) reactions of isotopes with charge number between 20 and 30. The newly introduced GP parametrization besides its potential to improve evaluations for reactor relevant isotopes, such as 56Fe, may also help to better understand the performance of nuclear models in the future.
Origin, diversity and distribution of freshwater epigean amphipods in Maghreb
Authors: Ayati Khaoula , Hadjab Ramzi , Khammar Hichem , Dhaouadi Sonia , Piscart Christophe , Mahmoudi Ezzeddine
Published: June 2019

Northern Africa, although one of the world hotpots of biodiversity, is poorly studied and the freshwater fauna living in this part of the world remains partly unknown. This study focused on the diversity and distribution of the poorly known epigean freshwater amphipods. We performed an exhaustive analysis of the literature on this group of crustaceans and sampled 106 additional localities from the eastern part of Algeria and in Tunisia. Our results showed an important diversity with 25 species (including the presence of at least three new undescribed species) and a very high rate of endemism with 52% of species occurring at on only 1 or 2 sites. We also highlighted a very low diversity on each site with only 4.4% of sites harboring more than 1 species. The comparative distribution of certain species between Europe and Maghreb and also between the western and eastern part of Northern Africa allow us to discuss some hypotheses about the factors underlying this endemism and the biogeographical origin of species. However, our study revealed a general lack of knowledge in the region, especially in the South of Morocco and Algeria. Hence, more information would be needed to propose adapted conservation strategies of freshwater fauna in Maghreb.
Transcriptome and excretory–secretory proteome of infective-stage larvae of the nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum reveal potential immunodiagnostic targets for development
Authors: Nuamtanong Supaporn , Reamtong Onrapak , Phuphisut Orawan , Chotsiri Palang , Malaithong Preeyarat , Dekumyoy Paron , Adisakwattana Poom
Published: June 2019

Background: Gnathostoma spinigerum is a harmful parasitic nematode that causes severe morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Effective drugs and vaccines and reliable diagnostic methods are needed to prevent and control the associated diseases; however, the lack of genome, transcriptome, and proteome databases remains a major limitation. In this study, transcriptomic and secretomic analyses of advanced third-stage larvae of G. spinigerum (aL3Gs) were performed using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and proteomics. Results: An analysis that incorporated transcriptome and bioinformatics data to predict excretory–secretory proteins (ESPs) classified 171 and 292 proteins into classical and non-classical secretory groups, respectively. Proteins with proteolytic (metalloprotease), cell signaling regulatory (i.e., kinases and phosphatase), and metabolic regulatory function (i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism) were significantly upregulated in the transcriptome and secretome. A two-dimensional (2D) immunomic analysis of aL3Gs-ESPs with G. spinigerum-infected human sera and related helminthiases suggested that the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) was a promising antigenic target for the further development of gnathostomiasis immunodiagnostic methods. Conclusions: The transcriptome and excretory–secretory proteome of aL3Gs can facilitate an understanding of the basic molecular biology of the parasite and identifying multiple associated factors, possibly promoting the discovery of novel drugs and vaccines. The 2D-immunomic analysis identified serpin, a protein secreted from aL3Gs, as an interesting candidate for immunodiagnosis that warrants immediate evaluation and validation.
Management der Rippenfraktur
Authors: Raab Stephan , Grieser Thomas , Sturm Manfred , Beyer Michael , Reindl Sebastian
Published: June 2019

Für die Versorgung von Rippenfrakturen existiert keine deutsche Leitlinie. Die Therapie ist uneinheitlich und die Diskussion darüber oft polemisch geführt. Dieser Artikel soll die Therapiemöglichkeiten und die Erfahrung eines großen Traumazentrums mit einer Thoraxchirurgie vorstellen.
Funktionelle endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie
(FESS)
Authors: Bitter Thomas , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: June 2019

Die funktionelle endoskopische Nasennebenhöhlenchirurgie ist das minimalinvasive
chirurgische Standardverfahren zur operativen Behandlung von Patienten mit
chronischer Rhinosinusitis. Sie verfolgt das Grundprinzip, die Erkrankung in den
NNH zu entfernen und dabei möglichst gesunde Schleimhaut sowie funktionell
relevante Strukturen zu schonen. In dieser Übersicht werden Operationsverfahren,
Ausstattung, Komplikationen und ihr Management erläutert.
Verbesserte Entscheidungshilfe bei der Kehlkopfkrebs-Therapie
Authors: Sommer Konrad
Published: June 2019

Die Entscheidung für eine spezifische Therapieform bei Kehlkopfkrebs fällt oftmals weder Patienten noch Ärzten leicht. Inzwischen werden wichtige Therapieentscheidungen vermehrt von Arzt und Patient nach umfassender Aufklärung in Übereinkunft getroffen („Shared decision making“, SDM). Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde eine Online-Entscheidungshilfe entwickelt, die den Patienten aufklären und die Auswahl einer geeigneten Therapie erleichtern soll.
Hypersalivation – Aktualisierung der S2k-Leitlinie (AWMF)
in gekürzter Darstellung
Authors: Steffen Armin , Jost Wolfgang , Bäumer Tobias , Beutner Dirk , Degenkolb-Weyers Sabine , Groß Martin , Grosheva Maria , Hakim Samer , Kahl Kai G. , Laskawi Rainer , Lencer Rebekka , Löhler Jan , Meyners Thekla , Rohrbach-Volland Saskia , Schönweiler Rainer , Schröder Sara-Christina , Schröder Sebastian , Schröter-Morasch Heidrun , Schuster Maria , Steinlechner Susanne , Urban Roland , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: June 2019

Hypersalivation bezeichnet einen übermäßigen Speichelfluss, der durch
insuffiziente orofaziale Fähigkeiten, verminderte zentralnervöse Kontrolle und
Koordination oder gestörte Schluckabläufe entstehen kann. Die Aktualisierung der
S2k-Leitlinie soll den neuen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Kenntnisstand
berücksichtigen.

Die Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen sollten multidisziplinär erfolgen.
Schwerpunkte sind die Abklärung von Schluckstörungen mit Speichelaspiration.
Hier sind klinische Screeninguntersuchungen und die fiberendoskopische
Schluckuntersuchung (FEES) hervorzuheben.

Bei fast allen Ursachen sind die schlucktherapeutischen Übungsmaßnahmen zur
Aktivierung und zum Erlernen von Kompensationsmechanismen unverzichtbar.
Insbesondere bei Kindern mit hypotoner orofazialer Muskulatur sind
myofunktionelle Therapiekonzepte indiziert, allerdings ist die Kompetenz zur
Mitarbeit entscheidend. Zusätzlich können orale Stimulationsplatten durch die
Veränderung der Zungenpositionierung zu einer Symptomreduktion führen. Sinnvolle
medikamentöse Therapien sind insbesondere die verschiedenen Applikationsformen
von Glycopyrrolat, von denen Sialanar® (Glycopyrronium) als Saft eine
Genehmigung zur Behandlung bei Kindern ab 3 Jahren und Jugendlichen erhalten
hat. Die Injektion von Botulinumtoxin in die Kopfspeicheldrüsen hat sich als
effektive und sichere Behandlungsform mit einer langanhaltenden
Speichelreduktion erwiesen. Für Incobotulinumtoxin A ist die Phase III-Studie
bei Erwachsenen aktuell abgeschlossen und führte in den USA bereits zur
Zulassungserweiterung bei Hypersalivation. Chirurgische Eingriffe der
Speicheldrüsen bleiben Einzelfällen vorbehalten. Die Bestrahlung der
Speicheldrüsen ist, insbesondere wenn sie in moderner 3-D-konformaler Technik
zur Gewebeschonung durchgeführt wird, eine sichere und effektive Therapie. In
einer regelhaften Nachsorge sind Therapieeffekte und mögliche Nebenwirkungen zu
erfassen; insbesondere bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen ist die individuelle
Dynamik der Symptomverschlechterung zu berücksichtigen.
Alopecia syphilitica diffusa − eine seltene Manifestationsform der Frühsyphilis
Authors: Kaliebe K. , Spinner C. D. , Biedermann T. , Zink A.
Published: June 2019

Die Syphilis wird als das Chamäleon der Medizin bezeichnet, da sie viele Organe befallen und insbesondere an der Haut viele Erkrankungen imitieren kann. Weniger bekannt sind die durch die Syphilis bedingten Formen des Haarausfalls. Dabei ist die diffuse Form der syphilitischen Alopezie besonders selten und kann leicht übersehen werden.

Hier berichten wir über einen jungen, HIV-positiven Mann mit der klinischen Präsentationsform einer Alopecia syphilitica diffusa. Nach erfolgreicher Therapie mit 2,4 Millionen Einheiten Benzylpenicillin i. m. zeigte sich innerhalb weniger Monate eine vollständige Normalisierung des Haarwuchses. Die Alopecia syphilitica präsentiert sich klinisch typischerweise als diffuser Haarverlust, als umschriebener Haarausfall mit fleckig imponierendem, sog. Mottenfraßmuster oder durch eine Kombination von beidem. Dabei kann die syphilitische Alopezie das einzige klinische Symptom einer Syphilisinfektion sein und sowohl klinisch als auch in der Histopathologie eine Alopecia areata imitieren. Die Dermatoskopie oder der immunhistochemische Nachweis von Treponema pallidum im Haarfollikel können weitere hilfreiche Methoden zur Diagnostik des syphilitischen Haarausfalls sein, entscheidend ist jedoch die serologische Diagnostik.
Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen – Hintergrund, Notwendigkeit
und Alternativen
Authors: Dißmann Steffen
Published: June 2019

Festhaltemaßnahmen in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie bedeuten Stress für alle
Beteiligten. Auch wenn es die letzte Konsequenz in Ausnahmesituationen ist und
die Hürden recht hoch sind, so kommen sie nicht selten in Form von Fixierungen
und Time-out-Maßnahmen vor. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die
rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, Formen von freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen und
die Konsequenzen für Kinder, Jugendliche, Eltern und das Personal.
Total Hip Arthroplasty After Spinal Fusion Surgery
Authors: Anderson Philip Mark , Arnholdt Jörg , Rudert Maximilian
Published: June 2019

Given the close functional connection between the hip and the spine, their simultaneous degenerative pathology is a common problem seen in orthopedic patients and has been termed the “hip spine syndrome”. Demographic change and an increasing number of operations have led to more patients who have undergone both total hip arthroplasty and spondylodesis especially of the lumbar spine. Studies have shown significant dislocation rates in this cohort of as high as almost 30%. Biomechanical studies and considerations show that spinal surgery directly influences the functional acetabular position and, consequently, the position of the acetabular cup, making the correct implantation challenging for the hip surgeon. Spinal fusion affects not only the biomechanics of the spine but also of the hip joint and, for that reason, must accordingly be taken into account when planning total hip arthroplasty.
Wasser, Boden, Luft
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: June 2019

Schon das Hippokratische Gesamtwerk beschäftigt sich mit „Luft, Wasser und Ortslage/Boden“ als Determinanten der Gesundheit 1. Eine Einteilung, welche die Jahrhunderte überdauert hat, z. B. als die von Johann Peter Frank geforderten „Medizinischen Topographien“, Vorläufer der heutigen Gesundheitsberichte 2. Die 1923 so (um)benannte Preußische Landesanstalt für „Wasser-, Boden- und Lufthygiene“ („WaBoLu“) trug diesen Dreiklang nach Eingliederung als Institut in das Bundesgesundheitsamt weiter im Namen. Erst nach Eingliederung in das Umweltbundesamt (UBA) verlor sich dieser Dreiklang – nominal, nicht inhaltlich. Dort ist die Aufbauorganisation inzwischen unter Aspekten wie Nachhaltigkeit u. a. (öko)systemisch neu geordnet.
Erfolgreiche biokompatible Therapie von Zwerchfelldefekten im Rattenmodell
Authors: Meyer Bettina , Schoenfeld Luise , Schwarz Karin , Meyer Thomas
Published: June 2019

Die Behandlung größerer angeborener Zwerchfellhernien (CDH) stellt eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe in der Kinderchirurgie dar. In der Regel wird heute Gore-Tex® zur Therapie von CDH eingesetzt, dies birgt jedoch das Risiko von Rezidiven, Infektionen und anderen Komplikationen. Ziel unserer Studie war es, zu analysieren, inwieweit sich Lyoplant® – ein azelluläres, avaskuläres biokompatibles Kollagen-Mesh – für CDH im Rattenmodell eignet.

Material und Methoden Nach Intubationsnarkose und Beatmung erfolgte eine mediane Laparotomie bei jungen Wistar-Furth-Ratten mit einem Körpergewicht von 155 – 205 g. Anschließend wurde ein 1,0 × 1,0 cm großes Muskelsegment des linken Zwerchfells reseziert und der Defekt durch Implantation eines PTFE-Netzes (Gore-Tex; n = 5) oder eines Lyoplant-Netzes (n = 6) verschlossen. Zu Kontrollzwecken (Sham-Gruppe) wurde bei 2 Tieren der Defekt mittels einer Direktnaht verschlossen. Postoperativ erfolgte eine Röntgenthoraxaufnahme zur Beurteilung des Zwerchfells. Danach wurden die Tiere über 12 Wochen täglich visitiert. Nach diesem Zeitraum wurde das Abdomen der Tiere wieder geöffnet, das linke Zwerchfell auf Verwachsungen hin untersucht und anschließend für die histologische und immunhistologische Untersuchung explantiert.

Ergebnisse Alle operierten Wistar-Furth-Ratten zeigten nach dem Eingriff eine physiologische Körpergewichtsentwicklung. Während des o. g. Zeitraumes konnte kein Rezidiv der CDH radiologisch oder klinisch gefunden werden: Bei allen Tiere (PTFE- vs. Lyoplant- vs. Sham-Gruppe) zeigten sich starke Adhäsionen des linken Leberlappens zum implantierten Material. Im Gegensatz zum PTFE-Mesh konnte in der Lyoplant-Gruppe ein stetiger Gewebsumbau (Remodeling) sowie eine kontinuierliche Neovaskularisierung gefunden werden.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Lyoplant zur biokompatiblen Therapie von CDH im Rattenmodell erfolgreich eingesetzt werden kann.
Diagnostik des akuten und chronischen
Beckenvenenverschlusses
Authors: Hirsch Tobias , Popescu Corneliu , Köhler Andreas
Published: June 2019

Die akute Beckenvenenthrombose stellt ein dramatisches Krankheitsbild dar. Auf
der einen Seite geht sie mit einem hohen Risiko für eine lebensbedrohliche
Lungenembolie einher, auf der anderen Seite kann sie die Entwicklung einer
Phlegmasia coerulea dolens bewirken, welche zum Verlust der betroffenen
Extremität führen kann und ebenfalls eine vital bedrohliche Komplikation
darstellt. Neben konservativen Behandlungsansätzen wie Kompressionstherapie und
Antikoagulation stehen eine Reihe interventioneller Optionen zur Verfügung,
welche darauf abzielen, fatale Krankheitsverläufe zu verhindern und auch die
Ausprägung eines postthrombotischen Syndroms zu begrenzen.

Die Prognose der Erkrankung hängt maßgeblich von der frühzeitigen sicheren
Diagnosestellung ab. Sowohl in der akuten Krankheitsphase, als auch im
chronischen Stadium nimmt die Duplexsonographie die Schlüsselrolle ein. Sie gibt
Aufschluss über die Pathomorphologie der Becken- und Beinvenen und liefert
zusätzlich hämodynamische Informationen.

Im Gegensatz zur sonographischen Befundung der tiefen und epifaszialen Beinvenen
ist zur Exploration der proximalen Gefäßabschnitte neben dem Einsatz einer
Linearsonde auch die Untersuchung mittels Konvexsonde erforderlich und die
eingeschränkte Auflösung in der Tiefe des kleinen Beckens macht einen subtilen
Umgang mit den Einstellungen des Ultraschallgerätes nötig.

Im Rahmen der Behandlung postthrombotischer Veränderungen der Beckenvenen können
radiologische und funktionsdiagnostische Methoden zusätzliche Informationen
liefern.
Hyperspektralimaging demonstriert mikrozirkulatorische
Effekte postoperativer Ergotherapie bei Patienten mit Morbus
Dupuytren
Authors: Langner Inga , Sicher Claudia , von Podewils Sebastian , Henning Esther , Kim Simon , Daeschlein Georg
Published: June 2019

Hintergrund Der Morbus Dupuytren (MD) ist eine häufige
Bindegewebserkrankung der Hand. Um ein Rezidiv nach Eingriff zu verhindern,
erhalten die Patienten in der Regel eine frühzeitige postoperative Ergotherapie
(ET). Der Einfluss dieser Maßnahme auf die Durchblutungssituation und damit auf
das Auftreten oder Verhindern postoperativer Komplikationen ist jedoch nicht
geklärt. Das Hyperspektralimaging (HSI) erlaubt die quantitative Beurteilung der
Gewebsperfusion durch Messung der Sauerstoffsättigung und des Wassergehaltes des
Gewebes.

Ziel Evaluation der mikrozirkulatorischen Effekte der frühen
postoperativen Ergotherapie nach partieller Fasziektomie bei MD mittels HSI zur
Behandlungsoptimierung.

Patienten und Methode Die Sauerstoffsättigung und der Wassergehalt des
Gewebes der Hand wurden bei fünf Patienten vor und nach 20 Minuten
standarisierter ET am ersten und zweiten postoperativen Tag mittels HSI
evaluiert.

Ergebnisse HSI zeigte eine qualitativ und quantitativ verbesserte
Perfusion nach ET bei allen Patienten. Nach ET kam es zu einer Verbesserung der
Sauerstoffsättigung um 20 % und zu einer Reduktion des Wassergehaltes um bis zu
17 %.

Schlussfolgerung HSI erlaubt die schnelle und nicht-invasive Bestimmung
einer verbesserten Sauerstoffversorgung und eines erniedrigten Wassergehaltes im
Gewebe des OP-Gebietes bei Patienten nach partieller Fasziektomie bei MD als
Folge der ET. Dies kann die Ursache für eine verbesserte Wundheilung und
reduzierte Rezidivrate sein.
Length of Resuscitation for Severely Depressed Newborns
Authors: Zhang Stephanie Q. , Friedman Hayley , Strand Marya L.
Published: June 2019

Objective Current guidelines for neonatal resuscitation suggest it may be reasonable to stop resuscitation after 10 minutes in infants born with no detectable heartbeat. This study describes the length of resuscitation provided in a cohort of profoundly compromised newborn infants.

Study Design Chart review of a regional hospital system database of newborn infants from 2010 to 2017 with a documented 10-minute Apgar score of 0 or 1.

Results From a total birth population of 49,876 infants, 172 newborns were identified. Of these, 133 infants did not receive resuscitation and died while receiving comfort care. In the 39 resuscitated infants, 15 (38%) achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at an average of 20 minutes; 32 of these 39 newborns (82%) died within 24 hours. Average time to ROSC for survivors was 17.8 minutes. Death or severe neurologic disability at 15 to 24 months of age was present in 92% (36/39) of resuscitated infants.

Conclusion Prolonged resuscitation of newborns is rare. In this cohort, 92% died or had severe neurodevelopmental disability. Infants with ROSC received 20 minutes of resuscitation. Infants with ROSC typically did not survive beyond 24 hours unless they survived to discharge. To increase the number of infants with ROSC, continuing resuscitation beyond 10 minutes may be reasonable.
Association between Cervical Dysplasia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Lantsman Taliya , Seagle Brandon-Luke , Yang Junhua , Margul Daniel J. , Thorne-Spencer Jeanmarie , Miller Emily S. , Kocherginsky Masha , Shahabi Shohreh
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to determine if cervical dysplasia during pregnancy is associated with pregnancy complications, including preterm delivery and pre-eclampsia.

Study Design A retrospective cohort analyses was performed with propensity-score matching to compare complication rates between pregnant women without history of abnormal cervical cancer screening and pregnant women referred for cervical dysplasia assessment to colposcopy clinic. A composite outcome of pregnancy complications included intra-amniotic infection, preterm premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight, oligohydramnios, and intrauterine fetal demise. Complication rates were compared between women with and without cervical dysplasia using logistic regression models.

Results Overall cohort included 2,814 women, 279 of whom attended colposcopy clinic for cervical dysplasia assessment. Propensity score–matched cohort included 1,459 women, 274 of whom attended colposcopy clinic. Composite complications of pregnancy rates were not significantly different between control and colposcopy groups in both cohorts (25.3% and 29.0%, P = 0.20; 26.5% and 29.3%, P = 0.45). Dysplasia was not associated with composite pregnancy complications in overall and matched cohorts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–1.56) and (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.72–1.49). When cervical dysplasia was determined on biopsy or colposcopy, dysplasia was not associated with complications in the overall and matched cohorts.

Conclusion Biopsy and/or colposcopy determined cervical dysplasia during pregnancy was not associated with pregnancy complications.
Do Calcium and Potassium Levels Influence Ductal Patency in Preterm Infants?
Authors: Cakir Ufuk , Tayman Cuneyt , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Unsal Handan , Ozer Bekmez Buse
Published: June 2019

Objective We investigated the relationship of serum potassium (K+) and ionized calcium (iCa2+) levels with the persistence of ductus arteriosus.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study included infants with birth weight < 1,500 g and gestational age < 32 weeks. Serum K+ and iCa2+ levels at the 1st and 48th hour of life were measured from samples. The difference between the two levels was calculated for both serum K+ (ΔK+) and iCa2+ (ΔCa2+). These values were compared between hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) and non-hsPDA.

Results Of 1,322 hospitalized preterm nonates, 1,196 were included in the study. Mean serum K+ levels at the 1st and 48th hour were higher and iCa2+ levels at the 1st and 48th hour were lower in hsPDA and non-hsPDA, respectively (p < 0.001). Ionized ΔCa2+ (–0.06 ± 0.13 vs. –0.02 ± 0.12 mmol/L) was higher in hsPDA (p < 0.001).

Conclusion We demonstrated that serum K+ and iCa2+ level might play a role in ductal constriction.
Parabolic, prolate spheroidal bases and relation between bases of the nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem
Authors: Le Dai-Nam , Phan Ngoc-Hung , Thoi Tuan-Quoc N. , Le Van-Hoang
Published: June 2019

The nine-dimensional MICZ-Kepler problem (9D MICZ KP) considers a charged particle moving in the Coulomb field with the presence of a SO(8) monopole in a nine-dimensional space. This problem received much effort recently, for example, exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation of the 9D MICZ KP have been given in spherical coordinates. In this paper, we construct parabolic and prolate spheroidal basis sets of wave functions for the system and give the explicit interbasis transformations and relations between spherical, parabolic, and prolate spheroidal bases. To build the parabolic and prolate spheroidal bases, we show that the Schrödinger equation of the considered system is also variable separable in both parabolic and prolate spheroidal coordinates, and then, solve this equation exactly. The variable separability in different coordinate systems is actually a consequence of the superintegrability which has been proved recently for the 9D MICZ KP.
Porous labyrinthine acoustic metamaterials with high transmission loss property
Authors: Ji Guosheng , Fang Yi , Zhou Jie , Huang Xun
Published: June 2019

This study systemically investigates a porous labyrinthine type of acoustic metamaterials (LAMs), a sort of acoustic metasurface, analytically, numerically, and in laboratory tests. The LAMs are composed of a series of porous elements, where stainless steel plates with various lengths are inserted into the melamine foam. At the frequency of interest 2000 Hz, porous elements with a thickness smaller than one-eighth of the target wavelength are designed to generate a linearly varied phase gradient on the refracting surface and slightly varied phase responses on the reflecting surface; the elements play key roles in refracted and reflected wave manipulations, respectively. Two porous LAMs with different periodical lengths are designed based on the generalized Snell’s law to study the effect of the periodical length on refraction and reflection phenomena in the scattered sound pressure fields. By reducing the length to smaller than one-half of the target wavelength, the high-order wave modes will disappear in the refracted and reflected sound pressure fields at omnidirectional incidence, resulting in enhancements of transmission loss and also sound absorption coefficient in a wide range of incidence angles compared with the uniform melamine foam with the same thickness. The thin porous LAMs provide a method to improve sound transmission loss and sound absorption properties of an uniform porous material and show potentials to be used in cabins of high-speed trains and aircraft.
Free standing and solidly mounted Lamb wave resonators based on Al0.85Sc0.15N thin film
Authors: Parsapour Fazel , Pashchenko Vladimir , Chambon Hugo , Nicolay Pascal , Bleyl Ingo , Roesler Ulrike , Muralt Paul
Published: June 2019

Lamb wave microresonators with wavelengths λ of 5–8 μm, vibrating in the S0 mode, and having 75 electrode pairs were fabricated and characterized. The results were compared to theoretical predictions obtained by finite element simulation. The active material was a 1 μm-thick Al0.85Sc0.15N thin film. Two types of acoustic isolation solutions were implemented: the first one with freestanding plates fixed by two bridges to a device frame [freestanding Lamb wave resonator (FS-LWR)] and the second one containing an acoustic W/SiO2 5-layer reflector [solidly mounted Lamb wave resonator (SM-LWR)]. All devices showed excellent agreement with FEM predictions, regarding resonance frequency and piezoelectric coupling. The quality factors of the SM-LWR devices were 5–6 times larger than the ones of the freestanding structures fabricated by the same Al0.85Sc0.15N deposition process: we achieved a figure of merit of 12–18 (Qp = 771, Qs = 507, k2 = 2.29%) at an operation frequency of 1430 MHz, which is so far the best performance realized with a MEMS Lamb wave resonator having a large number of electrode fingers. This performance opens up perspectives for filter applications.
Ferroelectric ordering and energy storage density of thin films capacitor by doping La3+ and Sc3+ on Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 using pulse laser deposition technique
Authors: Bhattarai Mohan K. , Mishra Karuna K. , Dugu Sita , Instan Alvaro A. , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: June 2019

Highly oriented 0.90[PbZr0.53Ti0.47]0.10[La0.80Sc0.20]O3-δ (PLZTS) thin films deposited on La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) coated MgO (100) substrates were grown by pulsed laser deposition technique. Temperature dependent dielectric measurements on metal-ferroelectric-metal Pt/PLZTS/LSMO thin film capacitors were carried out at several frequencies which exhibit high dielectric constants (450–580) with the diffuse peak around 400 K, and the diffusivity parameter γ was obtained as 1.96 for 100 kHz data. The slim polarization-electric field hysteresis loop was observed with less remanent polarization (∼7–10 μC/cm2) indicating its relaxor behavior. Temperature dependent Raman spectra measured between 80 and 550 K show softening of the symmetric E(LO2) band that disappeared at 300 K, corroborating the tetragonal-cubic phase transition. From the analysis of the measured hysteresis loops, the recovered energy density Ure ∼ 19 J/cm3 with the efficiency η ∼ 66% was estimated, suggesting its possible application in energy density capacitors.
Peak-to-peak standard deviation based bubble detection method in sodium flow with electromagnetic vortex flowmeter
Authors: Xu Wei , Xu Ke-Jun , Wu Jian-Ping , Yu Xin-Long , Yan Xiao-Xue
Published: June 2019

The steam generator (SG) is a heat exchange device between a sodium coolant and water in sodium-cooled fast reactors. Its transfer tubes are prone to leakage to result in sodium-water reaction, which will affect the operational safety of the entire nuclear reactor. To this end, a signal processing method is studied to detect the SG leakage using an electromagnetic vortex flowmeter (EVFM). Water flow is firstly used to replace liquid sodium for conducting the hydraulic experiments, and the output signal of the sensor of the EVFM (abbreviated as EVFM sensor output signal) is collected under different gas injection volumes. The characteristics of the signal are analyzed in the time domain, and the collected signals are modeled. A signal processing method of bubble detection in liquid sodium is proposed based on the peak-to-peak standard deviation, which is realized in real time on the hardware system based on a digital signal processor. The gas injection experiments in liquid sodium are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the signal processing method and system developed in this paper. The minimum amount leakage of water can be detected as 0.1 g/s.
The hydrogen atom in the van der Waals potential combined by magnetic and electric fields, Painlevé analysis, and integrability
Authors: Chatar W. , Benkhali M. , El Fakkousy I. , Kharbach J. , Rezzouk A. , Ouazzani-Jamil M.
Published: June 2019

In this article, we studied the problem of the Colombian potential perturbed by van der Waals potential interacting with combined electric and magnetic fields, known as Stark and Zeeman effects, and we determined new integrable cases by using the Painlevé analysis for 2D integrability. This analysis contains three steps: Leading-order behaviors, resonances, and evaluation of arbitrary constants. We also determined the associated second integrals of motion. We verified the integrability of the problem in 3D, with determination of the integrals of motion. We justified the results by numerical investigations using the Poincaré surfaces of the section, and we observed the transition chaos-order-chaos when we varied one of the system parameters.
Substituent effects on the aromaticity of benzene—An approach based on interaction coordinates
Authors: Dey Soumyadeb , Manogaran Dhivya , Manogaran Sadasivam , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: June 2019

Benzene and 23 monosubstituted and 32 disubstituted derivatives of benzene were optimized for minimum energy structures using the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ method. The force fields of all the compounds were evaluated at their optimized geometries using the same method and basis set. In order to understand the effect of substitution(s) on the aromaticity of benzene, the aromaticity index based on interaction coordinates (AIBIC) values were computed for each and the change from the benzene value was obtained. This difference, the substituent effect based on interaction coordinates (SEBIC), quantifies the effect of the substituent on the aromaticity of benzene ring satisfactorily. It is found that the AIBIC of disubstituted benzenes (XC6H4Y) could be predicted well by adding the respective SEBIC(C6H5X) and SEBIC(C6H5Y) values to the AIBIC of benzene. The projected force fields of the meta and para fragments of the monosubstituted benzenes when chosen properly contain the information about the directing influence of the substituent in terms of the electron density based on interaction coordinates (EDBIC). When the EDBIC(para) > EDBIC(meta) relative to benzene, the substituent is ortho-para directing, while when the reverse is true, it is meta directing. The effect of conformational changes on aromaticity has been studied using aminophenols and dihydroxybenzenes. The additivity rule and the EDBIC concept work adequately well in that the methods can have several useful practical applications that will benefit various areas of science. A good understanding of the substituent effects and the ability to predict them should add a new dimension to the applications of AIBIC.
Verifications of Schottky's Conjecture
Authors: Harris J. R. , Jensen K. L.
Published: June 2019

Schottky's Conjecture posits that the geometric field enhancement produced by a hybrid shape formed from a small perturbation on a larger base is the product of the individual field enhancement factors of the base and perturbation in isolation. This is a powerful concept with practical applications to understanding field emitter design and operation, as actual field emitters have complicated surface shapes with structure and, therefore, contributions to field enhancement, occurring simultaneously on many length scales. Recent studies of the Conjecture imply that the degree to which it accurately predicts a hybrid structure's total field enhancement depends on the degree of self-similarity between the base and perturbation shapes. To explore these aspects of the Conjecture, we have used the zero-potential surface produced by simple charge distributions to produce compound shapes with small perturbations on larger base structures. In the limit of small perturbation strength, these simple models adequately approximate idealized compound shapes, such a hemisphere-on-hemisphere geometry. Changing the base shape and the location of the perturbation allows us to selectively degrade the self-similarity present in the problem geometry. Proofs of the Schottky Conjecture in the limit of small perturbation strength will be provided, using these techniques, for hemisphere-on-hemisphere and half-cylinder-on-half-cylinder systems—the latter being the geometry considered by Schottky and for which the Conjecture was first proposed, but not proven.
A spectrometer for high-precision ion temperature and velocity measurements in low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Milhone J. , Flanagan K. , Nornberg M. D. , Tabbutt M. , Forest C. B.
Published: June 2019

We have developed a low-cost spectrometer with simple optical design that achieves unprecedented precision measurements of ion temperature (±0.01 eV) and velocity (±20 m/s). A Fabry-Pérot étalon provides the simultaneous high resolving power and high throughput needed for the light levels available in singly ionized helium and argon plasmas. Reducing the systematic uncertainty in the absolute wavelength calibration needed for the specified velocity precision motivates a Bayesian analysis method called Nested Sampling to address the nontrivial uncertainty in the diffraction order. An initial emission measurement of a singly charged stationary argon plasma yields a temperature of 0.339 ± 0.007 eV and a velocity of −3 ± 4 m/s with a systematic uncertainty of 20 m/s.
Tunable large field magnetoconductance of ZnO, ZnMnO, and ZnCoO thin films
Authors: Vegesna Sahitya V. , Bürger Danilo , Patra Rajkumar , Dellith Jan , Abendroth Barbara , Skorupa Ilona , Schmidt Oliver G. , Schmidt Heidemarie
Published: June 2019

Magnetoconductivity of ten ZnO, Zn1−xCoxO, and Zn1−xMnxO thin films with nominal concentrations of 2.0 at.% and 0.1 at.% of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions, respectively, has been analyzed in the temperature range from 5 K to 200 K in in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields up to 6 T. The formation of a highly conducting surface layer can be controlled during thin film deposition, leading to a large variation of the sheet resistance, namely, from 2 × 103 Ω/◻ to 1 × 105 Ω/◻ at room temperature. Depending on the thickness of the highly conducting surface layer, a single two-dimensional (2D), a single three-dimensional (3D), or a two-dimensional and three-dimensional (2D + 3D) parallel conducting model was chosen to analyze the measured magnetoconductivity of the magnetic ZnO thin films with different electron spins (S=5/2 for Zn1−xMnxO and S=3/2 for Zn1−xCoxO) and with different Landé g-factors (isotropic for 3D Zn1−xMnxO and 2D Zn1−xCoxO and anisotropic for 2D Zn1−xMnxO and 3D Zn1−xCoxO).