bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conservation and Multiplication of Encapsulated Micro Shoots of Rauvolfia Vomitoria-an Endangered Medicinal Tree: ISSR and RAPD based Evaluation of Genetic Fidelity of Converted Plantlets
Authors: Mehrotra Shakti , Rahman Liaq Ur , Mishra Jahnvi , Kukreja Arun K
Published: March 2019

The in vitro grown axillary micro shoots of Rauvolfia vomitoria were encapsulated in alginate beads. Following 6 months of normal storage at 25 ± 2°C the regrowth of encapsulated micro shoots, reached 95.2% within 40 days of incubation on MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Among the responding encapsulated explants 69.6% showed emergence of multiple shoots. The developing shoots showed rhizogenesis in two weeks following their transfer to rooting medium. Healthy plants were established in a glass house with 95% survival. Of the 50 RAPD primers tested, 10 produced 23 clear and reproducible amplicons, with an average of 2.3 bands per primer. Eleven ISSR primers produced a total of 42 bands, with a size range of 0.1-1.9 kb. The number of scorable bands for each primer varied from 2 to 6, with an average of 3.81. The similarity matrix, calculated individually from the results obtained from ISSR and RAPD analysis, showed similarity coefficients ranging from 1.0 for RAPD and 0.85 to 1.0 for ISSR.
Bioactivities of Volatile Components from Nepalese Artemisia Species
Authors: Satyal Prabodh , Paudel Prajwal , Kafle Ananad , Pokharel Suraj K. , Lamichhane Bimala , Dosoky Noura S. , Moriarity Debra M. , Setzer William N.
Published: March 2019

The essential oils from the leaves of Artemisia dubia, A. indica, and A. vulgaris growing wild in Nepal were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. The major components in A. dubia oil were chrysanthenone (29.0%), coumarin (18.3%), and camphor (16.4%). A. indica oil was dominated by ascaridole (15.4%), isoascaridole (9.9%), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (9.7%), and trans-verbenol (8.4%). The essential oil of Nepalese A. vulgaris was rich in α-thujone (30.5%), 1,8-cineole (12.4%), and camphor (10.3%). The essential oils were screened for phytotoxic activity against Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) using both seed germination and seedling growth, and all three Artemisia oils exhibited notable allelopathic activity. A. dubia oil showed in-vitro cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cells (100% kill at 100 μg/mL) and was also marginally antifungal against Aspergillus niger (MIC = 313 μg/mL). DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31G*) revealed thermal decomposition of ascaridole to be energetically accessible at hydrodistillation and GC conditions, but these are spin-forbidden processes. If decomposition does occur, it likely proceeds by way of homolytic peroxide bond cleavage rather than retro-Diels-Alder elimination of molecular oxygen.
Composition and Variability of the Essential Oil of Salvia nemorosa (Lamiaceae) from the Vienna Area of Austria
Authors: Chizzola Remigius
Published: March 2019

The volatiles present in the aerial parts of Salvia nemorosa L. (Lamiaceae), grave sage, were analysed by GC/MS and GC in plants growing at different sites in the outskirts of Vienna, Austria. The flower oils contained mainly sabinene (37-44%), germacrene D (9-14%), β-caryophyllene (8-12%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.6-4.4%). Leaf samples had β-caryophyllene (14-41%), germacrene D (14-38%) and caryophyllene oxide (5-20%) as main compounds, while stem oils were characterized by an high hexadecanoic acid percentage besides germacrene D and β-caryophyllene.
The Social and Environmental Context of Argan Oil Production
Authors: de Waroux Yann le Polain
Published: March 2019

In recent decades, argan oil has become one of the most expensive cosmetic oils on world markets. This review outlines the social and environmental context of the argan boom, highlighting its consequences on local livelihoods and conservation. It examines the claims that the argan oil boom has benefited the local population and that it encourages the conservation of argan woodlands.
Climatic Conditions and Herbivory Effects on Morphological Plasticity of Argania spinosa
Authors: Ain-Lhout Fatima , Zunzunegui María , Barradas Mari Cruz Díaz , Jáuregui Juan , Tagma Tarik , Boutaleb Said
Published: March 2019

The main objective of this paper was to look into the morphological differentiation patterns and phenotypic plasticity in four populations of Argania spinosa with environmentally contrasted conditions. Mean response, magnitude and pattern of morphological intra- and inter-population plasticity indexes were measured and analyzed in order to identify which characters contribute the most to the acclimation of this species. Populations growing in the ecological optimum of the species presented the lowest plasticity, while those growing in the most stressed habitats showed an increased morphological variability. The study of four populations showed that human pressure seems to play an important function in the regulation of morphological characters. However, climatic conditions seem to play a significant role in the increase of morphological plasticity.
Germination Success and Seedling Development of Argania spinosa under Different Climatic Conditions and Browsing Intensity
Authors: Zunzunegui María , Jáuregui Juan , Ain-Lhout Fatima , Boutaled Said , Álvarez-Cansino Leonor , Esquivias MariPaz
Published: March 2019

The present study assesses whether the germination and establishment success of Argania spinosa seeds are affected by the environmental conditions under which the mother plant has grown. Seeds from three populations with different climatic conditions and herbivory intensity were collected and sown in the laboratory after different treatments. Our study suggests that the seed germination process and initial stages of seedling growth are adaptive. Seeds from the population of Agadir with the highest herbivory pressure and high air relative humidity in summer (due to the proximity to the sea) were stimulated by acid treatment, and showed a lower root/stem ratio, which allows them to take advantage of the atmospheric water resources. Seeds from the Mountain population, where the most arid environmental conditions were found, produced early-germinating seeds with the highest root/stem ratio that would facilitate seedling establishment when the harshest environmental conditions appear in summer.
Quality Parameters for Cold Pressed Edible Argan Oils
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand
Published: March 2019

Argan oil belongs to the high-price vegetable oils on the market. Therefore, consumers have the right to purchase a high-quality product. The quality of edible vegetable oils is defined in food standards in which sensory quality is the most important feature. Additional parameters are defined to assess the identity of oils or to evaluate their oxidative state. The sensory quality of cold pressed argan oil is altered if the production has not been performed with reasonable care regarding raw material and extraction. Only oil from roasted seeds extracted by a screw-press had a sufficient sensory quality over a period of 20 weeks without unacceptable sensory attributes. Under accelerated storage conditions oil from roasted seeds extracted by a screw-press remained below the limits given by the Codex Alimentarius or the German guideline for Edible Fats and Oils for peroxide and totox value. Oil from unroasted seeds or oil from goat- digested roasted seeds and extracted by a screw-press, as well as oil from roasted seeds traditionally extracted, exceeded these limits. Initial oxidative stability of oil from unroasted seeds was significantly lower than that of the other oils. After 35 days under accelerated storage, oil from roasted seeds obtained using a screw-press showed the highest oxidative stability. Moreover, tocopherol and phytosterol compositions are useful features of argan oil.
Triterpenoids from Argania spinosa: 20 Years of Research
Authors: Chafchaouni-Moussaoui Imane , Charrouf Zoubida , Guillaume Dom
Published: March 2019

During the last two decades, the argan tree has been the subject of intensive phytochemical investigation. If argan oil is the most known argan derivative, argan saponins are frequently considered as molecules presenting a strong economic potential. This review presents an update of the current research efforts on argan saponins from around the world. Research evidence suggests that arganine C can be considered as a lead compound for new antivirals.
Trichodermaerin, a New Diterpenoid Lactone from the Marine Fungus Trichoderma erinaceum Associated with the Sea Star Acanthaster planci
Authors: Xie Zhong-Liang , Li Hou-Jin , Wang Lai-You , Liang Wan-Ling , Liu Wei , Lan Wen-Jian
Published: March 2019

Trichodermaerin (1), a novel diterpenoid lactone, together with the known compound, harziandione (2) were isolated from the culture broth of the fungus Trichoderma erinaceum associated with the sea star Acanthaster planci. Their structures were determined by analysis of the NMR and MS data. 1 was the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase catalyzed oxidation product of 2. Compound 2 did not show cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines.
Evaluation of the Quality of Chinese and Vietnamese Cassia Using LC-MS and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Tanaka Ken , Li Feng , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Watanabe Shiro , Kawahara Nobuo , Kida Hiroaki
Published: March 2019

In the present study, the chemical composition of water extracts of Chinese and Vietnamese cassia (Cinnamomum cassia) were compared using multivariate analysis of LC-MS data. By principal component analysis of the LC-MS data, 6 compounds, cinnzeylanine (1), cinnzeylanol (2), anhydrocinnzeylanol (3), cinncasinol A (4), epicatechin (5) and procyanidin B2 (6), were identified as the marker compounds to characterize Chinese and Vietnamese cassia. It was clarified that Chinese cassia contains relatively larger amounts of epicatechin and procyanidin B2. On the other hand, Vietnamese cassia is characterized by a relatively larger amount of diterpenes. As catechin derivatives and diterpenes have different types of activity, it is important to choose the cassia that best suits the product for which it is to be used, whether in food or in herbal medicine.
Inhibition of In Vitro Leukotriene B4 Biosynthesis in Human Neutrophil Granulocytes and Docking Studies of Natural Quinones
Authors: Landa Premysl , Kutil Zsofia , Temml Veronika , Malik Jan , Kokoska Ladislav , Widowitz Ute , Pribylova Marie , Dvorakova Marcela , Marsik Petr , Schuster Daniela , Bauer Rudolf , Vanek Tomas
Published: March 2019

Quinones are compounds frequently contained in medicinal plants used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the impact of plant-derived quinones on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is worthy of investigation. In this study, twenty-three quinone compounds of plant origin were tested in vitro for their potential to inhibit leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis in activated human neutrophil granulocytes with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. The benzoquinones primin (3) and thymohydroquinone (4) (IC50 = 4.0 and 4.1 μM, respectively) showed activity comparable with the reference inhibitor zileuton (IC50 = 4.1 μM). Moderate activity was observed for the benzoquinone thymoquinone (2) (IC50 = 18.2 μM) and the naphthoquinone shikonin (1) (IC50 = 24.3 μM). The anthraquinone emodin and the naphthoquinone plumbagin (5) displayed only weak activities (IC50 > 50 μM). The binding modes of the active compounds were further evaluated in silico by molecular docking to the human 5-LOX crystal structure. This process supports the biological data and suggested that, although the redox potential is responsible for the quinone's activity on multiple targets, in the case of 5-LOX the molecular structure plays a vital role in the inhibition. The obtained results suggest primin as a promising compound for the development of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors.
Composition and in-vitro CytotoxicActivities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia from Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu-Chang , Ho Chen-Lung
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the chemical composition and in-vitro cytotoxic activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Beilschmiedia erythrophloia. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Fifty-five compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were β-caryophyllene (22.6%), α-humulene (21.9%), terpinen-4-ol (5.3%), cis-β-ocimene (5.1%), sabinene (5.0%) and limonene (4.5%). The anticancer activities of oil were evaluated. The results showed that the oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells.
Drimendiol, A Drimane Sesquiterpene with Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity
Authors: Paz Cristian , Cárcamo Gerardo , Silva Mario , Becerra José , Urrutia Homero , Sossa Katherine
Published: March 2019

Quorum sensing (QS) is a regulatory mechanism that enables bacteria to make collective decisions such as an increase in virulence factors and biofilm production. Inhibitors of QS are important research tools in the discovery of new potential anti-bacterial agents. Polygodial, drimenol and drimendiol are drimane sesquiterpenoids isolated from Drimys winteri, a Chilean native tree. Their QS activity, when tested on Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, showed that drimendiol is an inhibitor of QS, decreasing violaceine production in C. violaceum and decreasing biofilm formation of Pseudomonas syringae strains. Consequently it increased the biocide effects of CuSO4 on biofilms of P. syringae.
Carmichaeline A: A New C2o-diterpenoid Alkaloid from Aconitum carmichaeli
Authors: Li Shu-hua , Xiong Jun-ru , Zhang Yuan-qin , Xiang Qing-xiang , Chen Feng-zheng
Published: March 2019

The roots of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. are known for their medicinal value. A new C20-diterpenoid alkaloid designated as carmichaelineA (1) has been isolated, along with eight known diterpenoid alkaloids from the roots of the plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation.
Determination of Bioactive Compounds in the Juice of Pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck)
Authors: Russo Marina , Bonaccorsi Ivana , Torre Germana , Cotroneo Antonella , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi
Published: March 2019

The juice of pummelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) was analyzed to determine its composition of flavonoids, polymethoxyflavones, coumarins and psoralens. The analyses were carried out by HPLC using columns packed with small diameter Fused-Core® C18 particles to achieve high resolution in short analysis time. In addition, the profile of the native carotenoids present in the juice was determined using a C30 column. Identification of flavonoids was achieved by MS with ESI in negative mode; the MS acquisition of oxygenated heterocyclic compounds was performed in positive APCI; carotenoids were detected with a PDA detector. Nineteen native carotenoids were determined in pummelo juice for the first time. The composition of this juice is also discussed in comparison with other Citrus juices, especially grapefruit.
Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of Methanolic Extract and Prenylated Flavanones Isolated from Leaves of Eysehardtia platycarpa
Authors: Domínguez-Villegas Valeri , Domínguez-Villegas Vanessa , García María Luisa , Calpena Ana , Clares-Naveros Beatriz , Garduño-Ramírez María Luisa
Published: March 2019

From the methanolic extract of Eysenhardtia platycarpa (leaves), were isolated the prenylated flavanones: 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenylflavanone (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenyl-4′-methoxy-flavanone (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone (3), 5-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-prenylflavanone (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-8-prenyl-4′-methoxy-flavanone (5). Methanolic extract of E. platycarpa (leaves) and flavanones (5), (2) and (3) showed anti-inflammatory activity according to tested quantities. In addition, flavanone (5) revealed the best percentage reduction of free radical DPPH. Finally, after cytotoxic activity study, the methanolic extract from E. platycarpa leaves and flavanone (4) exhibited promising cytotoxic activity on brine shrimp.
Phenolic Glycosides from Lindera obtusiloba and their Anti-allergic Inflammatory Activities
Authors: Choi Hyun Gyu , Lee Hwa Dong , Kim Sang Hyun , Na Min Kyun , Kim Jeong Ah , Lee Seung Ho
Published: March 2019

Eight phenolic glycosides, tachioside (1), isotachioside (2), koaburaside (3), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1- O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4,6-dihydroxy-2- methoxyphenyl-1- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), a mixture of erigeside C (6a) and salidroside (6b), and 6-hydroxyphenyl)-1- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from the stems of Lindera obtusiloba Blume. The structures of the isolates were determined by 1H-, 13C-NMR, COSY, HMQC, and HMBC spectroscopy. To evaluate their anti-allergic inflammatory activities, the inhibitory effects of isolates (1-7) on histamine release and on the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were examined using human mast cells; previous studies have reported that TNF-α and IL-6 release from mast cells is positively related to the severity of allergic symptoms. Of the tested compounds, koaburaside (3), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-1- O-ß-D- glucopyranoside (4), and (6-hydroxyphenyl)-1- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) suppressed histamine release from mast cells as compared with gallic acid (positive control). In particular, 6-hydroxyphenyl)-1- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) attenuated the gene expressions of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in human mast cells. Our results support the notion that phenolic glycosides isolated from L. obtusiloba inhibit mast-cell-derived allergic inflammation, histamine, and proinflammatory cytokines.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Bumelia sartorum Polyphenolic Rich Extracts
Authors: Ruela Halliny S. , Sabino Katia C. C. , Leal Ivana C. R. , Landeira-Fernandez Ana M. , de Almeida Michelle R. A. , Rocha Talita S. M. , Kuster Ricardo M.
Published: March 2019

Bumelia sartorum (Sapotaceae) is used ethnomedicinally for treatment of several diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of B. sartorum extracts, rich in polyphenolic compounds, and the possible mechanisms of action. Assessment of B. sartorum hypoglycemic activity was performed from the blood glucose level in normoglycemic mice after administration of the extract by oral gavage. The hypothesis that sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibition could prolong the increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration, thus leading to an increase of insulin release was evaluated. The enzyme inhibition was measured by ATP hydrolysis using SERCA1 isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) partition and F5 fraction obtained from B. sartorum, both of them rich in polyphenolics, were shown to have a hypoglycemic effect on normoglycemic mice, more significant than that of the known antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide used as a standard comparable compound. Both samples significantly inhibited SERCA activity. Different extracts of B. sartorum, rich in polyphenolic compounds, were able to reduce blood glucose in normoglycemic mice and inhibit SERCA activity. SERCA inhibition may be one of the possible mechanisms involved in glucose decrease.
Protoanemonin Content Variation between Clematis spp.: Leaf, Stem and Root
Authors: Jin Fangming , Narkowicz Christian , Jacobson Glenn A
Published: March 2019

The content of protoanemonin, a known biologically active constituent of Clematis spp., was determined by GC-MS in the leaf, stem and root extracts of one Chinese species and four Australian Clematis taxa. The results showed that protoanemonin concentrations varied between different plants and that leaves contained higher concentrations than stems and roots. To our knowledge this is the first study to determine protoanemonin content variation in leaf, stem and root of Clematis spp.
Methanolic Extract of Nigella sativa Seed Inhibits SiHa Human Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation Through Apoptosis
Authors: Hasan Tarique N. , Shafi Gowhar , Syed Naveed A , Alfawaz Muhammad A , Alsaif Mohammed A. , Munshi Anjana , Lei Kai Y. , Alshatwi Ali A.
Published: March 2019

Nigella sativa (NS), also known as black cumin, has long been used in traditional medicine for treating various cancer conditions. In this study, we sought to investigate the potential anti-cancer effects of NS extract using SiHa human cervical cancer cells. NS showed an 88.3% inhibition of proliferation of SiHa human cervical cancer cells at a concentration of 125 μL/mL methanolic extract at 24 h, and an IC50 value 93.2 pL/mL. NS exposure increased the expression of caspase-3, -8 and -9 several-fold. The analysis of apoptosis by DeadEnd terminaltransferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigeninend labeling (TUNEL) assay was used to further confirm that NS induced apoptosis. Thus, NS was concluded to induce apoptosis in SiHa cell through bothp53 and caspases activation. NS could potentially be an alternative source of medicine for cervical cancer therapy.
Chemical Constituents and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Essential Oils from Leaves of Porcelia macrocarpa (Annonaceae)
Authors: da Silva Erica Biolcati P. , Matsuo Alisson L. , Figueiredo Carlos R. , Chaves Mariana H. , Sartorelli Patricia , Lago João Henrique G.
Published: March 2019

This work reports the chemical composition and cytotoxic evaluation of the essential oils from three different samples of the leaves of Porcelia macrocarpa R. E. Fries (Annonaceae). The crude oils, obtained by hydrodistillation procedures, were chemically analyzed by GC/MS. The obtained data indicated the predominance of sesquiterpenes (89.8 ± 0.7%), the main compounds being germacrene D (47 ± 1%) and bicyclogermacrene (37 ± 1%). These oils also contained the monoterpene verbanyl acetate (0.5 ± 0.06%) and the diterpene phytol (1.2 ± 0.3%). The crude oils obtained from leaves were pooled and tested in vitro against six cancer cell lineages - murine melanoma (B16F10-Nex2), human glioblastome (U87), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human leukemia (HL-60), human colon carcinoma (HCT), human breast adenocarcinoma (SKBr), and human melanoma (A2058), as well as against a non-tumorigenic human cell line (HFF). Since the essential oil reduced more than 50% of the viability of several tumor cells at 100 μg/mL, indicating the presence of active compounds, the crude material was subjected to fractionation over a SiO2/AgNO3 column. This procedure afforded different fractions composed of pure as well as different mixtures of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D, which were tested against the same tumor cell lines, indicating a significant cytotoxic potential against HL-60 cells. These results suggested that the crude oils and their components, mainly germacrene D, could be used as prototypes for the development of new anti-cancer agents for the treatment of human leukemia.
Metabolites from the Aerial Parts of the Sicilian Population of Artemisia alba
Authors: Maggio Antonella , Rosselli Sergio , Brancazio Celeste Laura , Spadaro Vivienne , Raimondo Francesco Maria , Bruno Maurizio
Published: March 2019

Phytochemical investigation of the CH2Cl2 extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia alba Turra afforded one new irregular sesquiterpenoid, artemiric acid, and five known metabolites: hydroxydavanone, the coumarins isofraxidin and scopoletin, (6 S*,7 S*,10 R*)–6,10-dimethyl-7,10-epoxyocta-11-enoic acid and artalbic acid. From the MeOH extract three flavonoids were identified: chrysoeriol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. The possible biogenetic pathways of artemiric and artalbic acids are discussed.
A New Bioactive Sesquiterpenoid Quinone from the Mediterranean Sea Marine Sponge Dysidea avara
Authors: Hamed Ashraf Nageeb El-Sayed , Wätjen Wim , Schmitz Roland , Chovolou Yvonni , Edrada-Ebel RuAngelie , Youssef Diaa T. A. , Kamel Mohammed Salah , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2019

Investigation of the marine sponge Dysidea avara, family Dysideidae, afforded a new sesquiterpene (-)- N-methylmelemeleone-A (5), in addition to four known sesquiterpenes (+)-avarol (1), (+)-avarone (2), (-)-3′-methylaminoavarone (3) and (-)-4′-methylaminoavarone (4). The structure elucidation of compound 5 was based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic, and HR-MS studies, as well as by comparison with the literature. Cytotoxicity, protein kinase inhibition, inhibition of NFkB-activity and insecticidal activity were evaluated for the isolated compounds.
An Efficient Oxyfunctionalization of Quinopimaric Acid Derivatives with Ozone
Authors: Kazakova Oxana B. , Tretyakova Elena V. , Smirnova Irina E. , Nazyrov Timur I. , Kukovinets Ol'ga S. , Tolstikov Genrikh A. , Suponitskii Kiryll Yu.
Published: March 2019

An access to oxyfunctionalized quinopimaric acid derivatives is reported. The ozonolysis of methyl dihydroquinopimarate occurs through 1,2-cycloaddition of ozone to the bridging double bond followed by intermolecular rearrangements and formation of nontrivial 4β-hydroxy-4α,14α-epoxy-13(15)-ene derivative 2. The oxidation of methyl furfurilydene dihydroquinopimarate with ozone led to anhydride 5 and unexpected carboxymethyl substituted cyclopentane lactone 6. The structure of compound 6 was confirmed by X-Ray analysis of its methyl ester.
The True Identity of the Triterpene Component of Wyethia mollis, a Lanosta-diene Containing a Tetrahydropyran E-ring
Authors: Smith Cole T. , Noll Bruice , Waddell Thomas G. , Knight Kyle S.
Published: March 2019

The crystal structure of a triterpene component of Wyethia mollis has been obtained and compared with the previously reported structure of the compound. The compound in the crystal structure, lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one, 16,23-epoxy-(16β, 23 R), (1), is different from the previously reported compound, but has identical NMR and mass spectrometric data. The revised structure contains a tetrahydropyran E ring, a structural moiety rare in steroid triterpenes.
Chemical Constituents from Dendropanax dentiger
Authors: Lai Yi-Chun , Lee Shoei-Sheng
Published: March 2019

Nineteen compounds and an HPLC inseparable mixture, composed of compounds 20 and 21, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Dendropanax dentiger (Harms ex Diels) Merr. Of these, syringin (1) is the most abundant, 6′- O-apiofuranosyl dendranthemoside A (16) is a new megastigmane glycoside, and 3-methoxy-D-mannono-1,4-lactone (21) is a new hexono-1,4-lactone. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic and MS analyses.
Six New Phenolic Glycosides and a New Ceramide from the Flowers of Wedelia biflora and Their Cytotoxicity Against Some Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Thu Nguyen T. H. , Ha Le T. , Nga Vo T. , Tuyen Pham N. K. , Quang Ton T. , Danielle Forde–Riddick , Pratt Lawrence M. , Phung Nguyen K. P.
Published: March 2019

The plant Wedelia biflora has been used in traditional medicine in India and Vietnam to treat various symptoms. However, the chemical composition of its flowers remains mostly unknown. Therefore, we now report the isolation and structural elucidation of six new phenolic glycosides {wedebicoside A – F (1–6)} and one new ceramide [wedebiceramide (9)], together with six known compounds, 1- O-(2′,4′-diangeloyloxy- β-D-fucopyranosyl)-6-hydroxythymol (7), 1- O-[2′,4′-diangeloyloxy-3′-(3′'-angeloyloxy- β-D-fucopyranosyl)- β-D-fucopyranosyl]-6-hydroxythymol (8), anhydrosecoisolariciresinol (10), friedeline (11), epifriedelanol (12) and stigmasterol (13) from the flowers of Wedelia biflora. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as by high resolution ESI–MS analysis and comparison with literature data. The cytotoxic activities against HeLa, MCF-7 and NCI–H460 were evaluated on some purified compounds at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. Compounds 1, 2, 3 and 5 showed strong cytotoxic activities against three surveyed cancer cell lines. Consequently, this study elucidated the phytochemical composition of W. biflora, as well as the potential use of some of the new compounds against some cancers.
A New Antimicrobial and Anticancer Peptide Producing by the Marine Deep Sediment Strain “Paenibacillus profundus” sp. nov. Sl 79
Authors: Kalinovskaya Nataliya I. , Romanenko Lyudmila A. , Kalinovsky Anatoly I. , Dmitrenok Pavel S. , Dyshlovoy Sergey A.
Published: March 2019

A new linear glyceryl acid derived heptapeptide (1), together with known isocoumarin antibiotic, Y-05460M-A (2), were isolated from the culture of the deep sea sediment strain Sl 79 classified as “ Paenibacillus profundus” sp. nov. Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D- NMR techniques and ESI-MS/MS experiments. HPLC analysis of the Marfey derivatives in comparison to their analogs of authentic amino acids revealed that all amino acids in peptide 1, with an exception of Val, have the D-configuration. The compound 1 showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium as well as cytotoxic and moderate colony growth inhibitory activity against SK-MEL-28 cell line.
Natural Products of Mineral Origin
Authors: Laudato Massimiliano , Pescitelli Luigi , Capasso Raffaele
Published: March 2019

Natural products of mineral origin (alum, bismuth, calcium, magnesium, silicates and zinc compounds) have maintained their popularity as drugs over the course of time. Some evidence still suggests potential benefit of these substances. Therefore, this paper reviews the characteristic features of the respective minerals and their salts along the course of studies on these products.
Analysis of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Evaluation of Some Biological Activities of Algerian Senecio Delphinifolius (Asteraceae)
Authors: Tidjani Soukaina , Okusa Philippe N. , Zellagui Amar , Banuls Laetitia Moreno Y , Stévigny Caroline , Duez Pierre , Rhouati Salah
Published: March 2019

Although Senecio species are known as sources of potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), some species of this genus are traditionally used as remedies, notably in Algeria. In this paper, the evaluation of biological activities and the analysis of PAs of Algerian specimens of Senecio delphinifolius Vahl are reported. The n-butanolic extract of the herb showed a weak antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli with a MIC of 1 mg/mL, but was inactive against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The n-butanolic extracts of the roots, stems and herb showed a modest antioxidant activity, scavenging the free radical DPPH with respective IC50 values of 55.3, 50.2 and 13.3 μg/mL. A cytotoxic effect against a series of human tumor cell lines was observed with the n-butanolic extract from stems (IC50 ranging between 34 and 88 μg/mL). The herb of the evaluated sample contains 140 ppm of PAs (senecionine, seneciphylline, integerrimine, senkirkine) and PA-related alkaloids (dehydrosenkirkine and neosenkirkine). As the major PAs belong to the toxic series (1,2-unsaturation in the pyrrolizidine cycle and macrocyclic diester), the use of S. delphinifolius should be discouraged in traditional medicine.
Dicentrine Production in Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures of Stephania Venosa
Authors: Kitisripanya Tharita , Komaikul Jukrapun , Tawinkan Nirachara , Atsawinkowit Chuennapha , Putalun Waraporn
Published: March 2019

The highest dicentrine content (19.5 ± 0.3 mg/g dry weight) from callus culture of Stephania venosa was achieved from stem segments cultured on MS medium supplemented with TDZ 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0 mg/L. Cell suspension cultures were established from callus cultured on MS liquid medium with the same plant growth regulators. Dicentrine production from S. venosa cell suspension cultures was obtained in the range of 15–26 mg/g dry weight. Elicitation in cell suspension cultures by chitosan (50 mg/L) and salicylic acid (2 mg/L) for 6 days significantly increased dicentrine content. Our findings indicate that callus and cell suspension cultures of S. venosa can produce high levels of dicentrine as an alternative source of plant materials.
New Flavan and Alkyl α,β-Lactones from the Stem Bark of Horsfieldia Superba
Authors: Al-Mekhlafi Nabil Ali , Shaari Khozirah , Abas Faridah , Jeyaraj Ethyl Jeyaseela , Stanslas Johnson , Khalivulla Shaik Ibrahim , Lajis Nordin H.
Published: March 2019

In the present study phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Horsfieldia superba led to the isolation of twenty compounds (1-20), of which three (1-3) were new. However, compounds 2 and 3 were previously reported as synthetic α, β-lactones. The compounds were characterized as (-)-3,4′,7-trihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavan (1), (-)-5,6-dihydro-6-undecyl-2 H-pyran-2-one (2), and (-)-5,6-dihydro-6-tridecyl-2 H-pyran-2-one (3). Seventeen other known compounds were also isolated and identified as (-)-viridiflorol (4), hexacosanoic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate (methylorsellinate) (7), methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoate (8), (-)-4′-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan (9), (-)-4′,7-dihydroxyflavan (10), (-)-4′,7-dihydroxy-3′-methoxyflavan (11), (+)-3,4′,7-trihydroxyflavan (12), (-)-catechin (13), (-)-epicatechin (14), (-)-7-hydroxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavan (15), 2′,3,4-trihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalcone (16), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (17), (+)-4′-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone (18), hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) (19) and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (20). The structures of the compounds were fully characterized by various physical methods (melting point, optical rotation), spectral (UV, IR, ID and 2D NMR) and mass spectrometric techniques. In vitro assay of compounds 2 and 3 demonstrated moderate cytotoxic activities against human prostate (PC-3), colon (HCT-116) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells, while the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of H. superba were found to exhibit moderate AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 72 and 60 μg/mL).
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities, and Phenolic Compounds of Selected Inula species from Turkey
Authors: Gökbulut Alper , Özhana Onural , Satılmiş Basri , Batçioğlu Kadir , Günal Selami , Şarer Engin
Published: March 2019

Three Inula species, I. viscosa, I. helenium ssp. turcoracemosa and I. montbretiana, collected from different locations of Anatolia were investigated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, and their total phenolic content and phenolic composition. Antioxidant activities of various extracts of the plant parts were measured using DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial potential of methanol extracts of the plant parts was determined by the agar dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. All the extracts were more active against Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts than Gram-negative bacteria. The extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in different concentrations. Total phenolic concentration of the extracts was estimated with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as standard. The total phenolic content varied widely in different parts of the three tested Inula species, ranging from 21.1 ± 0.8 to 190.9 ± 6.1 mg GAE/g extract. Phenolic components, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were quantified by HPLC-DAD in the methanol extracts of the Inula species. It was obvious that the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the plants were due to the phenolics.
Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Aerial Parts and Ripe Fruits of Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae) from Italy
Authors: Fraternale Daniele , Genovese Salvatore , Ricci Donata
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the flowering aerial parts and ripe fruits of Echinophora spinosa L. (Apiaceae) from central Italy were analyzed by GC/MS. The major constituents of the oil from the aerial parts were β-phellandrene (34.7%), myristicin (16.5%), δ3-carene (12.6%), α-pinene (6.7%) and α-phellandrene (6.2%), and of the oil from the ripe fruits p-cymene (50.2%), myristicin (15.3%), α-pinene (15.1%) and α-phellandrene (8.1%). The two oils showed good antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile, C perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, Eubacterium limosum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Candida albicans with MIC values respectively of 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 2.25, and 0.50%, v/v, and 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 0.13, 2.25, 0.50%, v/v, for aerial parts and ripe fruits respectively. A less significant antimicrobial activity against bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, very important in the intestinal microflora, was also detected, with MIC values higher than 4.0%, v/v.
Composition and in vitro Anticancer Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Neolitsea variabillima from Taiwan
Authors: Su Yu-Chang , Hsu Kuan-Ping , Wang Eugene I-Chen , Ho Chen-Lung
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the chemical composition and in vitro anticancer activities of the essential oil isolated from the leaf of Neolitsea variabillima. The essential oil was isolated using hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-seven compounds were identified, representing 100% of the oil. The main components identified were trans-β-ocimene (13.4%), α-cadinol (10.5%), terpinen-4-ol (9.3%), τ-cadinol (9.2%), β-caryophyllene (8.8%), and sabinene (6.7%). The anticancer activities of oil were evaluated. The results showed that the oil exhibited cytotoxic activity against human oral, liver, lung, colon, melanoma, and leukemic cancer cells. The presence of β-caryophyllene, τ-cadinol, and α-cadinol significantly contributed to the anticancer activities of N. variabillima leaf oil.
Natural Products from Marine Algae of the Genus Osmundaria (Rhodophyceae, Ceramiales)
Authors: Osako Kelvin , Teixeira Valéria Laneuville
Published: March 2019

The present work is a review of the natural products isolated from red marine algae of the genus Osmundaria (including Vidalia), which intends to encompass their occurrence in the species of this genus, the possible synonymies, their geographic distribution, their structural variety and their biological potential as prototypes for the pharmaceutical industry and as active principles of cosmetics. At the end, we provide a table with these natural products and their biological activities.
Cytotoxic Agents of the Crinane Series of Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids
Authors: Nair Jerald J. , Bastida Jaume , Viladomat Francesc , van Staden Johannes
Published: March 2019

In the alkaloid galanthamine, the plant family Amaryllidaceae has endowed the pharmaceutical community with a potent and selective inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinestersae (AChE), of prominence in the chemotherapeutic approach towards motor neuron diseases. Following on the commercial success of this prescription drug in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, it is anticipated that other drug candidates will in future emerge from the family. In this regard, the phenanthridones, exemplified by narciclasine and pancratistatin, of the lycorine series of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have shown much promise as remarkably potent and selective anticancer agents, with a drug target of the series destined for the clinical market within the next decade. Given these interesting biological properties and their natural abundance, plants of the Amaryllidaceae have provided a diverse and accessible platform for phytochemical-based drug discovery. The crinane series of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids are also enriched with a significant array of biological properties. As a consequence of their close structural similarity to the anticancer agents of the lycorine series, the cytotoxic potential of crinane alkaloids has been realized through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies involving targets of both semi-synthetic and natural origin, which has identified several members as leads with promising antiproliferative profiles. As the first of its kind, this review seeks to collate such information from the past few decades in advancing the crinane group as a viable platform for anticancer drug discovery.
10′-Deoxy-10′ α-hydroxyascochlorin, a New Cell Migration Inhibitor and Other Metabolites from Acremonium sp., a Fungal Endophyte in Ephedra trifurca
Authors: Wanigesekara W. M. Anoja P. , Wijeratne E. M. Kithsiri , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Gunatilaka A. A. Leslie
Published: March 2019

A new ascochlorin, 10′-deoxy-10′ α-hydroxyascochlorin (1), together with ascofuranone (2), ascochlorin (3), and 4′,5′-dihydro-4′ β-hydroxyascochlorin (4) were isolated from Acremonium sp. LG0808, an endophytic fungal strain occurring in the stem tissue of the medicinal plant, Ephedra trifurca. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of its high-resolution mass spectrometric, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 and 3 inhibited migration of metastatic prostate cancer cells, PC-3M. In addition, 3 exhibited moderately selective cytotoxicity against the NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer) cell line, but its dimethyl ether (6) showed selective activity against PC-3M, MCF-7 (breast cancer), and MDA-MB-231 (metastatic breast cancer) cell lines.
Anti-periodontal Pathogen and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Oxyresveratrol
Authors: Phoolcharoen Waranyoo , Sooampon Sireerat , Sritularak Boonchoo , Likhitwitayawuid Kittisak , Kuvatanasuchati Jintakorn , Pavasant Prasit
Published: March 2019

Oxyresveratrol, a compound in the heartwood of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and other medicinal plants, has been shown to have various biological activities. However, these have not been studied in periodontal research. In this study, we investigated whether oxyresveratrol has antibacterial activity against the predominant perio-pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of oxyresveratrol were studied in LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The antibacterial activity of oxyresveratrol on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans was initially evaluated using a disc diffusion test. The anti-bacterial strength of oxyresveratrol was then assessed in vitro by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Furthermore, the effects of oxyresveratrol on the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators were measured in hPDL cells. The levels of cytokine mRNA and protein expression were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed that oxyresveratrol exhibited antibacterial activities against P. gingivalis with MIC and MBC values of 0.07 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC values against A. actinomycetemcomitans were 0.08 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. When examining inflammatory stimulation, LPS treatment strongly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPDL cells. However, pre-treatment with oxyresveratrol significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The IL-1β mRNA level was suppressed by oxyresveratrol, but the level of secreted IL-1β protein was not detectable using ELISA. The results of the present study indicate that oxyresveratrol is a potential candidate for use as an anti-periodontitis agent because of its anti-bacterial activity against the main oral pathogens related to periodontal disease and its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated hPDL cells.
Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Activity of Cissus quadrangularis Extract
Authors: Suzu Ikuko , Goto Hiroki , Hiwatashi Nami , Hattori Shinichiro , Rotjanapan Kanjana , Leeanansaksiri Wilairat , Okada Seiji
Published: March 2019

The effects of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. extract on antioxidation and tyrosinase inhibition were investigated. The extract showed anti-oxidative activity with an IC50 value of 522.0 μg/mL, and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner (100-2000 μg/mL). This study suggests that this species contains anti-tyrosinase components.
GC-MS Fingerprints and Other Physico-chemical Characteristics of Rare Unifloral Prunus cerasus L. Honey
Authors: Kuś Piotr Marek , Jerković Igor , Tuberoso Carlo Ignazio Giovanni , Marijanović Zvonimir , Šarolić Mladenka
Published: March 2019

GC-MS fingerprints of unifloral sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) honey were investigated for the first time by GC-FID and GC-MS {after headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE)}. Additionally, other physico-chemical characteristics of the samples were determined (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and CIE L*a*b*C*h chromatic coordinates). The principal volatile components of the honey headspace were lilac aldehydes (46.0; 50.6%) along with benzaldehyde (18.0; 19.4%). The dominant component of the dichloromethane USE extract was vomifoliol (39.6; 44.9%). The abundant identified compounds may only serve as non-specific markers of the honey's botanical origin since they also occur in other honey types. The honey contained low-moderate amount of polyphenols (209.0 - 309.5 mg GAE/kg) and exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (0.4 - 0.6 mmol TEAC/kg; 1.6 - 1.9 mmol Fe2+/kg).
Essential Oil from Caesalpinia peltophoroides Flowers – Chemical Composition and in vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation
Authors: de Carvalho Bianca A. , Domingos Olivia S. , Massoni Murilo , Santos Marcelo H. dos , Ionta Marisa , Lago João Henrique G. , Figueiredo Carlos R. , Matsuo Alisson L. , Soares Marisi G.
Published: March 2019

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the flowers of Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth (Leguminosae) was determined using GC/FID and GC/MS analysis. Twenty-seven compounds were identified, including n-dodecanol (14.2%), n-tetradecanol (19.3%), and n-pentadecanol (5.6%), as well as methyl tetradecanoate (7.4%) and methyl hexadecanoate (12.7%) as main constituents. In vitro the cytotoxic activity of the crude essential oil was evaluated against six cancer cell lines - murine melanoma (B16F10-Nex2), human glioblastoma (U87), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), leukemia (HL-60), colon carcinoma (HCT), and melanoma (A2058). The essential oil had significant cytotoxic activity on U87, HCT, and A2058 cell lines. The IC50 values found were lower than those determined for the positive control, cisplatin, suggesting that the oil could be a source of new antineoplastic agents.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Tarchonanthus camphoratus
Authors: Ali Nasser A. Awadh , Al-Fatimi Mohamed A. , Crouch Rebecca A. , Denkert Annika , Setzer William N. , Wessjohann Ludger
Published: March 2019

The leaf essential oil of Tarchonanthuscamphoratus(As teraceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Fifty-six components were characterized, representing 94.2% of the total oil with oxygenated monoterpenes (48.3%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32.7%) as the major groups. The principal constituents were identified as endo-fenchol (21.2%), trans-pinene hydrate (8.8%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%), α-terpineol (6.4%), τ-cadinol (6.4%), and α-cadinol (5.2%). The essential oil was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay resulting in the moderate inhibition of a number of common human pathogenic bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and the yeast Candida albicans. The inhibition zones varied from 10 to 14mm/disc. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was examined using an in vitroradical scavenging activity test. The T. camphoratus essential oil scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), resulting in an IC50value of 5.6 mg/mL. At concentrations of 100 and 50μg/mL, the oil showed cytotoxic activity, with growth inhibition of 59.1% (±4.2), and 16.2% (±8.7) against HT29 tumor cells (human colonic adenocarcinoma cells), respectively(IC50 = 84.7 ± 7.5 μg/mL).