bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior Properties of Fc-comprising scTRAIL Fusion Proteins
Authors: Hutt Meike , Marquardt Lisa , Seifert Oliver , Siegemund Martin , Müller Ines , Kulms Dagmar , Pfizenmaier Klaus , Kontermann Roland E.
Published: September 2017

The TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been considered as a promising molecule for cancer treatment. However, clinical studies with soluble TRAIL failed to show therapeutic activity, which resulted in subsequent development of more potent TRAIL-based therapeutics. In this study, we applied defined oligomerization and tumor targeting as strategies to further improve the activity of a single-chain version of TRAIL (scTRAIL). We compared three different formats of EGF receptor (EGFR)-targeting dimeric scTRAIL fusion proteins [Diabody (Db)-scTRAIL, scFv-IgE heavy chain domain 2 (EHD2)-scTRAIL, scFv-Fc-scTRAIL] as well as two nontargeted dimeric scTRAIL molecules (EHD2-scTRAIL, Fc-scTRAIL) to reveal the influence of targeting and protein format on antitumor activity. All EGFR-targeted dimeric scTRAIL molecules showed similar binding properties and comparable cell death induction in vitro, exceeding the activity of the respective nontargeted dimeric format and monomeric scTRAIL. Superior properties were observed for the Fc fusion proteins with respect to production and in vivo half-life. In vivo studies using a Colo205 xenograft model revealed potent antitumor activity of all EGFR-targeting formats and Fc-scTRAIL and furthermore highlighted the higher efficacy of fusion proteins comprising an Fc part. Despite enhanced in vitro cell death induction of targeted scTRAIL molecules, however, comparable antitumor activities were found for the EGFR-targeting scFv-Fc-scTRAIL and the nontargeting Fc-scTRAIL in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2792–802. ©2017 AACR.
Gene Methylation Biomarkers in Sputum and Plasma as Predictors for Lung Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Belinsky Steven A. , Leng Shuguang , Wu Guodong , Thomas Cynthia L. , Picchi Maria A. , Lee Sandra J. , Aisner Seena , Ramalingam Suresh , Khuri Fadlo R. , Karp Daniel D.
Published: September 2017

Detection of methylated genes in exfoliated cells from the lungs of smokers provides an assessment of the extent of field cancerization, is a validated biomarker for predicting lung cancer, and provides some discrimination when interrogated in blood. The potential utility of this 8-gene methylation panel for predicting tumor recurrence has not been assessed. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group initiated a prevention trial (ECOG-ACRIN5597) that enrolled resected stage I non–small cell lung cancer patients who were randomized 2:1 to receive selenized yeast versus placebo for 4 years. We conducted a correlative biomarker study to assess prevalence for methylation of the 8-gene panel in longitudinally collected sputum and blood after tumor resection to determine whether selenium alters their methylation profile and whether this panel predicts local and/or distant recurrence. Patients (N = 1,561) were enrolled into the prevention trial; 565 participated in the biomarker study with 122 recurrences among that group. Assessing the association between recurrence and risk of gene methylation longitudinally for up to 48 months showed a 1.4-fold increase in OR for methylation in sputum in the placebo group independent of location (local or distant). Kaplan–Meier curves evaluating the association between number of methylated genes and time to recurrence showed no increased risk in sputum, while a significant HR of 1.5 was seen in plasma. Methylation detection in sputum and blood is associated with risk for recurrence. Cancer Prev Res; 10(11); 635–40. ©2017 AACR.
The Hemodynamic Changes in Patients with Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations before and after Interventional Embolization Therapy with Glubran 2 Acrylic Glue
Authors: Chen Qi-Yu , Zhu Xiao-Rui , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2017

The study explored hemodynamic changes in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (CAVM) before and ­after interventional embolization therapy with Glubran 2 acrylic glue and analyzed the related factors. CAVM patients received endovascular embolization therapy with Glubran 2. Patients’ systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood flow velocity (BFV), and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. The location of malformed vessels, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, CAVM size, and type of feeding artery and venous drainage were analyzed. CAVM patients showed increased DBP, SBP, MAP, and PI and decreased average BFV compared to before therapy. CAVM patients with big CAVM size, SM grade IV/V, deep location malformed vessels, deep, and mixed venous drainage, and cortical branch and mixed artery blood-supply exhibited lower DBP, SBP, MAP, and PI but higher average BFV. Hypertensive CAVM patients showed lower DBP, SBP, MAP, average BFV, and PI before or after embolization. Hypertension, SM grade, CAVM size, malformed vessels location, venous drainage, and artery blood-supply were correlated to the hemodynamic changes of CAVM patients. Embolization with Glubran 2 acrylic glue could enhance hemodynamics in CAVM patients, and the hemodynamic changes were in correlation with the SM grade, CAVM size, and malformed vessels location.
Venous Stasis and Cerebrovascular Complications in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Sato Takeo , Terasawa Yuka , Mitsumura Hidetaka , Komatsu Teppei , Sakuta Kenichi , Sakai Kenichiro , Matsushima Satoshi , Iguchi Yasuyuki
Published: September 2017

Background/Aims: The factors related to cerebrovascular complications in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are controversial. We focused on venous stasis and investigated its relationship with cerebrovascular complications in CVST. Methods: CVST patients between June 2013 and October 2016 were enrolled. Relationships between cerebrovascular complications, defined as cerebral venous infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage, and cerebrum venous stasis and other clinical information were retrospectively analyzed. Venous stasis was evaluated by the prominence of the veins on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). The cerebrum was divided into 10 regions according to the venous drainage territories, and venous stasis was quantified by adding one point for venous prominence on SWI for each region (CVST SWI score). Results: All 5 cases in the noncomplicated group had a CVST SWI score of 0. The 3 patients with CVST SWI scores higher than 0 had cerebrovascular complications. The CVST SWI scores were higher in the complicated group than in the noncomplicated group (3.0 vs. 0, p = 0.010). Seizures were seen in all patients with complications and in none of the patients without complications (3 vs. 0, p = 0.018). Conclusion: Venous stasis evaluated by SWI can help predict cerebrovascular complications in CVST. A seizure is an important initial symptom that suggests cerebrovascular complications in CVST.
The Look of the Devil: Multiple Cranial Neuropathies
Authors: Vein Alla A.
Published: September 2017

The sculpture of the devil on a portal of the Lichtenthal Abbey School in Baden-Baden, Germany displays neurological pathology, possibly consistent with multiple cranial neuropathy. One of the main abnormalities is an exotropia strabismus, a feature rarely depicted in works of art portraying the devil.
Citation Classics in Stroke: The Top-100 Cited Articles on Hemorrhagic Stroke
Authors: Kim Yerim , Yoon Dae Young , Kim Jee-Eun , Park Kang Min , Lee Ju-Hun , Song Hong-Ki , Bae Jong Seok
Published: September 2017

Background: Stroke is a disastrous disease and a major health burden worldwide, especially in Korea. Hemorrhagic stroke (HS) accounts for approximately 20% of all the types of strokes. It is important to be able to evaluate stroke diagnoses and evolving treatments. Objective: We aimed to identify the top-100 cited articles and assess a paradigm shift that occurred in the field of HS. Methods: We searched all articles that had been cited more than 100 times using the Web of Science citation search tool during January 2016. Among a total of 2,651 articles, we identified the top-100 cited articles on HS. Results: The number of citations for the articles analyzed in this study ranged from 1,746 to 211, and the number of annual citations ranged from 125.6 to 5.5. Most of the articles that were published in Stroke (35%) and Journal of Neurosurgery (22%), originated in the United States (n = 56), were original articles (64%), and dealt with the natural history or etiology (n = 37) and vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 8). Conclusions: We analyzed the top-100 cited articles in the field of HS based on citation rates. The results provide a unique perspective on historical and academic developments in this field.
The Role of Dr. Francis Willis in the Madness of George III
Authors: Pearce John M.S.
Published: September 2017

In the well-known story of the illness of King George III, what is often overlooked is the part played by Dr. Francis Willis, an inconspicuous doctor who with great success ran an asylum in Lincolnshire. In November 1788, he was called to attend the King whose mania was becoming uncontrollable. Because of his interventions there was a slow but marked improvement. The King’s recovery in 1789 increased Willis’ reputation and expanded his practice.
Cerebral Infarct Topography and Early Outcome after Surgery for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Kazandjian Caroline , Settembre Nicla , Lareyre Fabien , Kretz Benjamin , Soudry-Faure Agnès , Béjot Yannick , Malikov Sergueï , Hassen-Khodja Reda , Jean-Baptiste Elixene , Steinmetz Eric
Published: September 2017

Introduction: Although carotid stenosis can cause both territorial and border-zone (BZ) cerebral infarcts (CI), the influence of CI topography on postoperative complications after surgery remains unclear. We compared early outcomes after endarterectomy on the basis of CI location: territorial (T group) or BZ group. Material and Methods: During the period between 2009 and 2013, ischaemic stroke patients who had undergone surgery for symptomatic carotid stenosis were identified from prospective databases from 3 French centres. The outcome was the identification of a combined stroke/death rate 30 days after endarterectomy. Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine patients were included, 216 (74.7%) in the T group and 73 (25.3%) in the BZ group. The mean degree of stenosis was comparable in the 2 groups (78 ± 12% in the T group vs. 80 ± 12% in the BZ group, p = 0.105), with, however, more sub-occlusions (stenosis >90%) in the BZ group (38.4 vs. 23.1%, p = 0.012). The mean time between the time CI developed and the time surgery was performed was 19.6 ± 24.8 days, with a majority of patients being operated upon within 2 weeks following the formation of CI (66.7% in the T group vs. 60.3% in the BZ group, p = 0.322). The combined endpoint was significantly more frequent in the BZ group (9.6 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.003), with 4 ischaemic strokes and 3 deaths. In multivariate analysis, BZ CI was an independent predictor of postoperative stroke or death at 30 days (HR 4.91-95% CI [1.3-18.9], p = 0.020). Conclusion: BZ infarcts carry a greater risk of postoperative complications after carotid surgery, thus suggesting that topography of the CI should be considered in the decision-making process regarding surgery.
Basilar Artery Diameter Is Inversely Associated with Fetal Type Circle of Willis
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Costa Aldo F. , Del Brutto Victor J.
Published: September 2017

Background: The relationship between basilar artery (BA) diameter and Circle of Willis (CoW) configuration has been scarcely investigated. We aimed to assess this association in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: MRAs of 346 individuals were reviewed. Using generalized linear models adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, we assessed the relationship between BA diameter and fetal and non-fetal types CoW, as well as the impact of this relationship on BA ectasia prevalence. Results: In the total population, the mean BA diameter was 3.13 ± 0.68 mm and 7 subjects (2%) had ectasia (BA diameter >4.5 mm). In 248 subjects with non-fetal types CoW, the mean BA diameter was 3.32 ± 0.62 mm, and 2.8% had ectasia. In 98 subjects with fetal type CoW, the mean BA diameter was 2.66 ± 0.58 mm, and no individual had ectasia. The BA diameter was smaller in subjects with fetal type CoW than in those with non-fetal types (β 0.65; 95% CI 0.51–0.79; p < 0.001). Individuals with fetal type CoW have an 18% reduction in BA diameter compared to those with non-fetal types, independently of demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion: This study shows an inverse relationship between the BA diameter and the presence of fetal type CoW.
Warfarin Use and Increased Mortality in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Lin Mark C. , Streja Elani , Soohoo Melissa , Hanna Medhat , Savoj Javad , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Lau Wei Ling
Published: September 2017

Background: Controversy exists regarding the benefits and risks of warfarin therapy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In this study, we assessed mortality and cardiovascular outcomes associated with warfarin treatment in patients with stages 3-5 CKD and ESRD admitted to the University of California-Irvine Medical Center. Methods: In a retrospective matched cohort study, we identified 59 adult patients with stages 3-6 CKD initiated on warfarin during the period 2011-2013, and 144 patients with stages 3-6 CKD who had indications for anticoagulation therapy but were not initiated on warfarin. All-cause mortality risk associated with warfarin treatment was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, and the risk of significant bleeding and major adverse cardiovascular events were analyzed with Poisson regression analysis. Adjustment models were used to account for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, use of antiplatelet agents, and preexisting cardiovascular disease, and stratified by pre-dialysis CKD stages 3-5 vs. ESRD. Findings: During 5.8 years of follow-up, unadjusted mortality risk was higher in CKD patients on warfarin therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 2.34 with 95% CI 1.25-4.39; p < 0.01). After multivariate adjustment and stratification by CKD stage, the mortality risk remained significant in ESRD patients receiving warfarin (HR 6.62 with 95% CI 2.56-17.16; p < 0.001). Furthermore, adjusted rates of significant bleeding (incident rate ratio, IRR 3.57 with 95% CI 1.51-8.45; p < 0.01) and myocardial infarction (IRR 4.20 with 95% CI 1.78-9.91; p < 0.01) were higher among warfarin users. No differences in rates of ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes were found between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Warfarin use was associated with several-fold higher risk of death, bleeding, and myocardial infarction in dialysis patients. If additional studies suggest similar associations, the use of warfarin in dialysis patients warrants immediate reconsideration.
Ivabradine in Heart Failure
Authors: Das Debraj , Savarese Gianluigi , Dahlström Ulf , Fu Michael , Howlett Jonathan , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Lund Lars H.
Published: September 2017

Background:

The sinus node inhibitor ivabradine was approved for patients with heart failure (HF) after the ivabradine and outcomes in chronic HF (SHIFT [Systolic Heart Failure Treatment With the IF Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial]) trial. Our objective was to characterize the proportion of patients with HF eligible for ivabradine and the representativeness of the SHIFT trial enrollees compared with those in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry.

Methods and Results:

We examined 26 404 patients with clinical HF from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry and divided them into SHIFT type (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, New York Heart Association class II–IV, sinus rhythm, and heart rate ≥70 beats per minute) and non-SHIFT type. Baseline characteristics and medication use were compared and change in eligibility over time was reported at 6 months and 1 year in a subset of patients. Overall, 14.2% (n=3741) of patients were SHIFT type. These patients were more likely to be younger, men, have diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and more recent onset HF (<6 months; all,
P
<0.001). Although 88.9% of SHIFT type and 88.5% of non-SHIFT type (
P
=0.421) were receiving selected β-blockers, only 58.8% and 67.3% (
P
<0.001) were on >50% of target dose. From those patients who had repeated visits within 6 months (n=5420) and 1 year (n=6840), respectively, 10.2% (n=555) and 10.6% (n=724) of SHIFT-type patients became ineligible, 77.3% (n=4188) and 77.3% (n=5287) remained ineligible, and 4.6% (n=252) and 4.9% (n=335) of non-SHIFT–type patients became eligible for initiation of ivabradine.

Conclusions:

From the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, 14.2% of patients with HF were eligible for ivabradine. These patients more commonly were not receiving target β-blocker dose. Over time, a minority of patients became ineligible and an even smaller minority became eligible.
Association Between Living in Food Deserts and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Kelli Heval M. , Hammadah Muhammad , Ahmed Hina , Ko Yi-An , Topel Matthew , Samman-Tahhan Ayman , Awad Mossab , Patel Keyur , Mohammed Kareem , Sperling Laurence S. , Pemu Priscilla , Vaccarino Viola , Lewis Tene , Taylor Herman , Martin Greg , Gibbons Gary H. , Quyyumi Arshed A.
Published: September 2017

Background—

Food deserts (FD), neighborhoods defined as low-income areas with low access to healthy food, are a public health concern. We evaluated the impact of living in FD on cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the hypothesis that people living in FD will have an unfavorable CVD risk profile. We further assessed whether the impact of FD on these measures is driven by area income, individual household income, or area access to healthy food.

Methods and Results—

We studied 1421 subjects residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area who participated in the META-Health study (Morehouse and Emory Team up to Eliminate Health Disparities; n=712) and the Predictive Health study (n=709). Participants’ zip codes were entered into the United States Food Access Research Atlas for FD status. Demographic data, metabolic profiles, hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) levels, oxidative stress markers (glutathione and cystine), and arterial stiffness were evaluated. Mean age was 49.4 years, 38.5% male and 36.6% black. Compared with those not living in FD, subjects living in FD (n=187, 13.2%) had a higher prevalence of hypertension and smoking, higher body mass index, fasting glucose, and 10-year risk for CVD. They also had higher hs-CRP (
P
=0.014), higher central augmentation index (
P
=0.015), and lower glutathione level (
P
=0.003), indicative of increased oxidative stress. Area income and individual income, rather than food access, were associated with CVD risk measures. In a multivariate analysis that included food access, area income and individual income, both low-income area and low individual household income, were independent predictors of a higher 10-year risk for CVD. Only low individual income was an independent predictor of higher hs-CRP and augmentation index.

Conclusions—

Although living in FD is associated with a higher burden of cardiovascular risk factors and preclinical indices of CVD, these associations are mainly driven by area income and individual income rather than access to healthy food.
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nishimura Rick A. , Seggewiss Hubert , Schaff Hartzell V.
Published: September 2017

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder characterized by marked hypertrophy of the myocardium. It is frequently accompanied by dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, angina, and syncope. The initial therapy for symptomatic patients with obstruction is medical therapy with β-blockers and calcium antagonists. However, there remain a subset of patients who have continued severe symptoms, which are unresponsive to medical therapy. These patients can be treated with septal reduction therapy, either surgical septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation. When performed by experienced operators working in high-volume centers, septal myectomy is highly effective with a >90% relief of obstruction and improvement in symptoms. The perioperative mortality rate for isolated septal myectomy in most centers is <1%. Alcohol septal ablation is a less invasive treatment. In many patients, the hemodynamic and clinical results are comparable to that of septal myectomy. However, the results of alcohol septal ablation are dependent on the septal perforator artery supplying the area of the contact between the hypertrophied septum and the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. There are some patients, particularly younger patients with severe hypertrophy, who do not uniformly experience complete relief of obstruction and symptoms. Both techniques of septal reduction therapy are highly operator dependent. The final decision as to which approach should be selected in any given patient is dependent up patient preference and the availability and experience of the operator and institution at which the patient is being treated.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marian Ali J. , Braunwald Eugene
Published: September 2017

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder that is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by secondary causes and a nondilated left ventricle with preserved or increased ejection fraction. It is commonly asymmetrical with the most severe hypertrophy involving the basal interventricular septum. Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is present at rest in about one third of the patients and can be provoked in another third. The histological features of HCM include myocyte hypertrophy and disarray, as well as interstitial fibrosis. The hypertrophy is also frequently associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. In the majority of patients, HCM has a relatively benign course. However, HCM is also an important cause of sudden cardiac death, particularly in adolescents and young adults. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, syncope, a family history of sudden cardiac death, and severe cardiac hypertrophy are major risk factors for sudden cardiac death. This complication can usually be averted by implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in appropriate high-risk patients. Atrial fibrillation is also a common complication and is not well tolerated. Mutations in over a dozen genes encoding sarcomere-associated proteins cause HCM.
MYH7
and
MYBPC3
, encoding β-myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C, respectively, are the 2 most common genes involved, together accounting for ≈50% of the HCM families. In ≈40% of HCM patients, the causal genes remain to be identified. Mutations in genes responsible for storage diseases also cause a phenotype resembling HCM (genocopy or phenocopy). The routine applications of genetic testing and preclinical identification of family members represents an important advance. The genetic discoveries have enhanced understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCM and have stimulated efforts designed to identify new therapeutic agents.
Interactions Between the Corticospinal Tract and Premotor–Motor Pathways for Residual Motor Output After Stroke
Authors: Schulz Robert , Park Eunhee , Lee Jungsoo , Chang Won Hyuk , Lee Ahee , Kim Yun-Hee , Hummel Friedhelm C.
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

Brain imaging has continuously enhanced our understanding how different brain networks contribute to motor recovery after stroke. However, the present models are still incomplete and do not fit for every patient. The interaction between the degree of damage of the corticospinal tract (CST) and of corticocortical motor connections, that is, the influence of the microstructural state of one connection on the importance of another has been largely neglected.

Methods—

Applying diffusion–weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography, we investigated cross-network interactions between the integrity of ipsilesional CST and ipsilesional corticocortical motor pathways for variance in residual motor outcome in 53 patients with subacute stroke.

Results—

The main finding was a significant interaction between the CST and corticocortical connections between the primary motor and ventral premotor cortex in relation to residual motor output. More specifically, the data indicate that the microstructural state of the connection primary motor–ventral premotor cortex plays only a role in patients with significant damage to the CST. In patients with slightly affected CST, this connection did not explain a relevant amount of variance in motor outcome.

Conclusions—

The present data show that patients with stroke with different degree of CST disruption differ in their dependency on structural premotor–motor connections for residual motor output. This finding might have important implications for future research on recovery prediction models and on responses to treatment strategies.
Hemorrhagic Transformation After Large Cerebral Infarction in Rats Pretreated With Dabigatran or Warfarin
Authors: Kwon Il , An Sunho , Kim Jayoung , Yang Seung-Hee , Yoo Joonsang , Baek Jang-Hyun , Nam Hyo Suk , Kim Young Dae , Lee Hye Sun , Choi Hyun-Jung , Heo Ji Hoe
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

It is uncertain whether hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after large cerebral infarction is less frequent in dabigatran users than warfarin users. We compared the occurrence of HT after large cerebral infarction among rats pretreated with dabigatran, warfarin, or placebo.

Methods—

This was a triple-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled experiment. After treatment with warfarin (0.2 mg/kg), dabigatran (20 mg/kg), or saline for 7 days, Wistar rats were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. As the primary outcome, HT was determined by gradient-recalled echo imaging. For the secondary outcome, intracranial hemorrhage was assessed via gradient-recalled echo imaging in surviving rats and via autopsy for dead rats.

Results—

Of 62 rats, there were 33 deaths (53.2%, 17 technical reasons). Of the intention-to-treat population, 33 rats underwent brain imaging. HT was less frequent in the dabigatran group than the warfarin group (placebo 2/14 [14%], dabigatran 0/10 [0%], and warfarin 9/9 [100%]; dabigatran versus warfarin;
P
<0.001). In all 62 rats, compared with the placebo (2/14 [14.3%]), the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was significantly higher in the warfarin group (19/29 [65.5%];
P
=0.003), but not in the dabigatran group (6/19 [31.6%];
P
=0.420). Mortality was significantly higher in the warfarin group than the dabigatran group (79.3% versus 47.4%;
P
=0.022), but not related to the hemorrhage frequency.

Conclusions—

The risk of HT after a large cerebral infarction was significantly increased in rats pretreated with warfarin than those with dabigatran. However, the results here may not have an exact clinical translation.
Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Carotid Plaque, and Incidence of Stroke
Authors: Sundström Johannes , Söderholm Martin , Borné Yan , Nilsson Jan , Persson Margaretha , Östling Gerd , Melander Olle , Orho-Melander Marju , Engström Gunnar
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—

ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) is a marker of eosinophil activity and degranulation, which has been linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We examined the relationship between ECP, carotid plaque, and incidence of stroke in a prospective population-based cohort.

Methods—

The subjects participated in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study between 1991 and 1994. A total of 4706 subjects with no history of stroke were included (40% men; mean age, 57.5 years). Carotid plaque was determined by B-mode ultrasound of the right carotid artery. Incidence of stroke was followed up during a mean period of 16.5 years in relation to plasma ECP levels.

Results—

Subjects in the third tertile (versus first tertile) of ECP tended to have higher prevalence of carotid plaque (odds ratio: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.003–1.39;
P
=0.044 after multivariate adjustments). A total of 258 subjects were diagnosed with ischemic stroke (IS) during follow-up. ECP was associated with increased incidence of IS after risk factor adjustment (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.13–2.18; for third versus first tertile;
P
=0.007). High ECP was associated with increased risk of IS in subjects with carotid plaque. The risk factor–adjusted hazard ratio for IS was 1.86 (95% confidence interval: 1.32–2.63) in subjects with carotid plaque and ECP in the top tertile, compared with those without plaque and ECP in the first or second tertiles.

Conclusions—

High ECP is associated with increased incidence of IS. The association between ECP and IS was also present in the subgroup with carotid plaque.
On two new species of the shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Decapoda, Caridea, Alpheidae) from the tropical eastern Pacific
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR , LAZARUS JUAN FELIPE
Published: September 2017

The present study deals two new alpheid shrimp species from the transisthmian Salmoneus ortmanni (Rankin, 1898) complex. Salmoneus alvarezi sp. nov. is described based on materials collected in Bahía Málaga, Colombia, and Punta Morales, Costa Rica, and is closely related to the western Atlantic S. ortmanni and S. wehrtmanni Anker, 2011. Salmoneus malagensis sp. nov. is described based on specimens from Bahía Málaga, Colombia, and beyond any doubts represents the eastern Pacific sister species of the western Atlantic S. carvachoi Anker, 2007. The two new species can be easily distinguished from each other by a number of morphological characters and colouration, and in addition appear to be ecologically separated. All previous records of S. ortmanni from the eastern Pacific are reassigned, some tentatively, to S. alvarezi sp. nov. based on description, illustrations or ecological data.
Re-description and first host and biology records of Entedon magnificus (Girault & Dodd) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), a natural enemy of Gonipterus weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), a pest of Eucalyptus trees
Authors: GUMOVSKY ALEX , LITTLE DAVE DE , ROTHMANN SERGIO , JAQUES LORENA , MAYORGA SANDRA ELIZABETH IDE
Published: September 2017

Entedon magnificus (Girault & Dodd) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Entedoninae) is recorded as a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of Gonipterus weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), significant pests of Eucalyptus trees. Entedon magnificus is re-described and illustrated based on females and males from Australia and Tasmania.
Preliminary diagnoses of three new species of Tasmanian mountain shrimps, Anaspides Thomson, 1894 (Syncarida, Anaspidacea, Anaspididae)
Authors: AHYONG SHANE T.
Published: September 2017

The endemic Tasmanian mountain shrimps of the genus Anaspides Thomson, 1894 (Anaspidacea) have attracted considerable scientific interest as potential basal eumalacostracans and as 'living fossils', closely resembling their Triassic forbears (Coineau & Camacho 2013). Two species are currently recognised, with A. tasmaniae (Thomson, 1893) (type locality: Mount Wellington) accorded a wide range throughout most of central, western and southern Tasmania, and A. spinulae Williams, 1965, believed restricted to central Tasmania from Lake St. Clair (type locality) and immediate environs (O’Brien 1990). Despite the current taxonomy, heterogeneity in A. tasmaniae has been increasingly suggested, which may have important conservation management implications (e.g., Jarman & Elliot 2000). Jarman & Elliott (2000) recognised three potential clades (based on mitochondrial 16S sequences) that may correspond to separate species. A taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the genus, now in progress, found A. tasmaniae to be restricted to the vicinity of Mount Wellington, and all Anaspides from other localities to represent other species. Owing to delays in the completion of the revision, however, some of the new species of Anaspides are briefly diagnosed below in order to make the formal species names available for other studies now underway. Full accounts of the species of Anaspides will be given when the revision of the genus is completed.
The Paraonidae (Annelida: Sedentaria) from Norway and adjacent seas, with two new species, four new records, and a redescription of Paraonides nordica Strelzov, 1968 based on type material
Authors: LÓPEZ EDUARDO , SIKORSKI ANDREY
Published: September 2017

Twenty-three species were identified from the study of 302 specimens belonging to the family Paraonidae which were collected from Norwegian and adjacent waters. In this work Cirrophorus brevicirratus, C. furcatus, Levinsenia flava, Paradoneis mikeli and Paraonides myriamae are recorded for the first time from the study region and two new species are described. Aricidea (Strelzovia) parabelgicae n. sp. is characterized by the absence of a frontal antenna, branchiae up to 7 pairs and beginning in chaetiger 5 and the ventral lip not indenting at chaetiger 2. Paradoneis andreae n. sp. is characterized by bearing single spine-like neurochaetae in posterior chaetigers and forked modified notochaetae, and by possessing 14–19 pairs of branchiae. A redescription of Paraonides nordica Strelzov, 1968 based on type material is also provided. A key to all the Paraonidae species known from the area, including also species not found in this investigation, is included.
Clinical Manifestations of Kawasaki Disease Shock Syndrome
Authors: Ma Le , Zhang Ya-Yuan , Yu Hai-Guo
Published: September 2017

A case-control study was performed to ascertain clinical features of children who had been diagnosed as Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS), a severe condition related to Kawasaki disease (KD). Hospitalized patients were selected in Nanjing Children’s Hospital. Demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, laboratory data, cardiovascular findings, and therapies were analyzed. Compared with the control group, KDSS patients were older and had more serious skin rash. The proportions of leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and hypoalbuminemia was higher, as was the level of while blood cell count, C-reactive protein, brain natriuretic peptide, and ferroprotein. KDSS patients had higher incidence of arrhythmias and more severe coronary artery involvement. All case patients received aspirin, glucocorticoid, and intravenous immunoglobulin, 33.3% required albumin, and 90.4% needed vasoactive infusions. In conclusion, KDSS patients may have more serious inflammatory responses in the acute phase. Short-term use of glucocorticoid may be important in inhibiting the inflammatory response. Albumin and vasoactive drugs are useful to rescue shock.
Padma or No Padma: Audience in the Adaptations of Midnight’s Children
Authors: Mendes Ana Cristina , Kuortti Joel
Published: September 2017

It is remarkable that what many consider as Salman Rushdie’s landmark work in fiction, Midnight’s Children, was first adapted to film only in 2012, 31 years after its publication. It was also the first of his works to be filmed. This is noteworthy given the novel’s cinematic self-awareness and the writer’s overt interest in acting and cinema, which he has reiterated over the years. Cinema, as a subject matter and a distinctive artistic language, resurfaces time and again in the pages of Rushdie’s essays, short stories, novels, and other writings. As many critics have pointed out, the writer’s emotional connection to cinema has translated into cinema itself being put to work as a mediating device in his oeuvre, with his characters often making sense of themselves and the world — and coming to terms with their own place in it — through cinema. In this article, we examine the three existing adaptations of Midnight’s Children, with particular emphasis on the 2012 film, in view of their discursively constructed audiences. We consider these adaptations from the point of view of the audience, and how they engage with the spectator/reader. Our analysis is supplemented by Rushdie’s essays on the acts of adaptation and translation from one artistic medium to another. Our purpose is not to measure the failure or success of Rushdie’s and Mehta’s adaptation (although an aesthetic evaluation would indeed be of interest); we argue instead that the film adaptation is a protracted creative project that has taken into consideration, more than previous adaptations of the novel, not only new forms of representation and new ways of reading, but also new ways of engaging its constructed audiences.
Elevated temperature resistance of SiC-carbon/phenolic nanocomposites reinforced with zirconium diboride nanofibers
Authors: Ghelich Raziyeh , Mehdinavaz Aghdam Rouhollah , Jahannama Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2017

Carbon fiber-reinforced composites with matrices containing ultra-high temperature ceramics show excellent potential as high ablation-resistant materials. In this study, two non-oxide nanostructures, ZrB2 nanofibers and SiC nanoparticles, as reinforcement phases were utilized to develop the carbon/phenolic-ZrB2-SiC (C/Ph-ZS) nanocomposite for the first time. Thermogravimetry analysis illustrated that the residue yield of C/Ph composite at high temperatures was increased by the introduction of above-mentioned nanostructure ceramics. The addition of 7 wt% of ZrB2/SiC nanoadditives homogeneously in a C/Ph composite resulted in an enhancement of the room temperature thermal diffusivity, from 0.00622 to 0.00728 cm2/s. The incorporation of 4–7 wt% of ZrB2/SiC nanofillers in C/Ph composites leads to a reinforced material with about 73% increasing of Shore D hardness. The modified thermal behavior of prepared nanocomposites was examined using oxyacetylene torch at 2500℃ for 160 s. It suggested that the C/Ph-ZS7% nanocomposites with lower density may drastically contribute to meliorate the thermal insulation and ablative properties. The linear ablation rates of C/Ph composites were decreased after adding 7 wt% ZrB2/SiC nanofillers by 18%. The formation of a dense and uniform SiO2 and ZrO2 layer on the ablated surface of C/Ph-ZS nanocomposites could function as an effective oxygen barrier which greatly reduced the ablation rates of the nanocomposites because of the evaporation at elevated temperature, which absorbs heat from the flame and reduces the erosive attack to C/Ph. The ablated C/Ph-ZS nanocomposite with complicated cross-section structure displayed four dense oxidized, porous surface, transient and matrix regions.
Dualization as Destiny? The Political Economy of the German Minimum Wage Reform
Authors: Marx Paul , Starke Peter
Published: September 2017

Germany is widely seen as a “dualized” economy driven by a powerful and stable “insider” coalition in the manufacturing sectors. In this article, that picture is challenged. An examination of the political economy of the outsider-friendly 2014 Minimum Wage Act, using public opinion data, document analysis, and qualitative interviews, shows how earlier dualizing reforms led to unintended negative feedback effects: First, public opinion reacted negatively to increasing inequality in the years preceding the introduction of the minimum wage. Second, a remarkable shift is found among trade unions toward support of a minimum wage, even in manufacturing. Although the threat of low-wage competition and flexibilization did play a role, trade union solidarity was at least as important. Those endogenous dynamics came together in a self-undermining process unfolding over a relatively short period of time. Potential alternative explanations are explored, including classical partisan politics, party competition, and employer preferences.
A Comparison of Computation Span and Reading Span Working Memory Measures’ Relations With Problem-Solving Criteria
Authors: Perlow Richard , Jattuso Mia
Published: September 2017

Researchers have operationalized working memory in different ways and although working memory–performance relationships are well documented, there has been relatively less attention devoted to determining whether seemingly similar measures yield comparable relations with performance outcomes. Our objective is to assess whether two working memory measures deploying the same processes but different item content yield different relations with two problem-solving criteria. Participants completed a computation-based working memory measure and a reading-based measure prior to performing a computerized simulation. Results reveal differential relations with one of the two criteria and support the notion that the two working memory measures tap working memory capacity and other cognitive abilities. One implication for theory development is that researchers should consider incorporating other cognitive abilities in their working memory models and that the selection of those abilities should correspond to the criterion of interest. One practical implication is that researchers and practitioners shouldn’t automatically assume that different phonological loop-based working memory scales are interchangeable.
Recidivism in Intimate Partner Violence Among Antisocial and Family-Only Perpetrators
Authors: Petersson Joakim , Strand Susanne
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to compare antisocial and family-only intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators in terms of IPV recidivism rates, type of recidivism crime, and time to recidivism. A total sample of 628 perpetrators was categorized as antisocial ( n = 327) or family-only ( n = 301) based on general criminality. Results demonstrated that antisocial perpetrators recidivated to a larger extent than family-only perpetrators (27.2% vs. 12.9%). Antisocial perpetrators were more prone to recidivate in both physical and nonphysical violence. Of the perpetrators who recidivated, the majority did so within the first year after their index crime. However, antisocial perpetrators recidivated more than family-only perpetrators after the first year. Key findings consisted of the subtypes’ differing propensity to reoffend and their different critical time periods for recidivism. These findings suggest the need for different risk management strategies depending on perpetrator subtype to prevent future violence.
Redo quadruple-valve repair after Ross procedure: a viable option?
Authors: Parachuri V Rao , Adhyapak Srilakshmi M , Shetty Devi Prasad
Published: September 2017

Quadruple-valve repair or replacement is associated with significant morbidity and mortality because the clinical situation of severe disease of all 4 valves implies incipient myocardial damage. We report a case of redo quadruple-valve repair in a patient with rheumatic heart disease who had undergone the Ross procedure 14 years earlier. He presented with heart failure. Cardiac evaluation revealed severe disease of all 4 valves, necessitating surgery. Because he was in advanced heart failure and all 4 valves were suitable for repair, a quadruple-valve repair was performed.
Isolated cortical vasogenic edema and hyperintense vessel signs may be early features of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Case reports
Authors: Murase Sho , Gon Yasufumi , Watanabe Akihiro , Todo Kenichi , Kohara Nobuo , Mochizuki Hideki , Sakaguchi Manabu
Published: September 2017

Background

The temporal and anatomical features of vasoconstriction in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome within hours after symptom onset, in the hyperacute phase, are unclear.

Case result

Herein we report the cases of two patients with acute severe headache who were diagnosed with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging within hours after symptom onset revealed multiple areas of isolated cortical vasogenic edema and hyperintense vessel signs of the distal cerebral arteries. Follow-up imaging performed four days later in both cases showed diffuse segmental arterial vasoconstriction in the proximal regions of the cerebral arteries. Both patients received antivasoconstrictive therapy shortly after admission, and neither had neurological sequelae at discharge. The magnetic resonance imaging findings improved gradually within three months after symptom onset.

Conclusion

Isolated cortical vasogenic edema and hyperintense vessel signs, when observed within hours from sudden severe headache onset, may be useful early markers of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome.
Effect of Preoperative Fatty Degeneration of the Rotator Cuff Muscles on the Clinical Outcome of Patients With Intact Tendons After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair of Large/Massive Cuff Tears
Authors: Ohzono Hiroki , Gotoh Masafumi , Nakamura Hidehiro , Honda Hirokazu , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Okawa Takahiro , Shiba Naoto
Published: September 2017

Background:

Fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles is associated not only with postoperative retear but also with postoperative muscle weakness; therefore, fatty changes in the muscles may affect the clinical outcome even in patients with these tears who have intact tendons after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR).

Purpose:

To evaluate the effect of fatty infiltration on the clinical outcome in patients with intact tendons after arthroscopic repair of large/massive cuff tears.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

One hundred fifty-five consecutive patients with large/massive rotator cuff tears underwent ARCR. Of these, 55 patients (mean ± SD age, 64.4 ± 9.1 years) in whom intact tendons after surgery were confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging at final follow-up (mean ± SD, 2.5 ± 1.4 years) were included in this study. Depending on their University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score at the final follow-up, they were assigned to either the unsatisfactory group (score ≤27; n = 12) or the satisfactory group (score >27; n = 43). Various clinical parameters affecting the clinical outcome were examined through univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

The UCLA score of all patients significantly improved from 18.1 ± 4.4 points preoperatively to 29.8 ± 4.5 points postoperatively ( P < .0001). The mean preoperative UCLA scores were not significantly different between the satisfactory and unsatisfactory groups ( P = .39). Multivariate analysis showed that the preoperative Goutallier stages of the infraspinatus (odds ratio [OR], 8.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-52.0; P = .016) and/or subscapularis (OR, 7.53; 95% CI, 1.58-35.9; P = .011) were significantly associated with outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff value of Goutallier stage 1 in both muscles, with area under the curve values of 0.79 (sensitivity 91% and specificity 51%) and 0.84 (sensitivity 100% and specificity 54%) in the infraspinatus and subscapularis, respectively.

Conclusion:

Preoperative fatty degeneration of the infraspinatus and/or subscapularis with Goutallier stage 2 or higher was significantly associated with worse outcome in patients with large/massive tears who had intact tendons after ARCR.