bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Common Ground
Authors: Mann James
Published: November 2024

This chapter analyzes the First Inaugural Address of George W. Bush, which contained a few words and phrases that served brief notice of the political battles that would later come to dominate Bush’s presidency. The speech contained offerings to each of the conservative constituencies that had helped Bush win the Republican nomination. It mentions Bush’s promise to economic conservatives of reforming Social Security and Medicare and reducing taxes to recover the momentum of the American economy. The chapter describes the religious references in Bush’s speech, which includes the parable of the Good Samaritan. Bush declared at one point that America should seek to shape a balance of power that favors freedom, hinting at some of the broader ideas and the intellectual debates that led up to the Iraq War.
A New Birth of Freedom
Authors: Sharpley-Whiting Tracy Denean
Published: November 2024

This chapter discusses the First Inaugural Address of Barack Obama, which was a brew of soaring oration, Aristotelian rhetoric, and elements of the Black Jeremiad. Obama was also the only president to recognize atheists and agnostics alike in an inaugural address. It details how Obama walked his listeners back in America’s history to its birth, where patriots huddled on the shores of an icy river while the enemy advanced, as evidence of Americans’ strength and solidarity. For Obama, Americans could rise to new challenges by leaning into the values of honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, and loyalty and patriotism. The chapter observes American exceptionalism in Obama’s address, which he emphasized will compel Americans to set aside the childish things that strangled politics and sowed division.
Millard Fillmore’s First Annual Message
Authors: Singh Yuvraj
Published: November 2024

Millard Fillmore served as the thirteenth president of the United States, assuming the presidency upon the death of Zachary Taylor. This chapter presents Millard Fillmore’s first address to Congress on December 2, 1850. Fillmore’s speech was ponderous, filled with long, complex sentences. In the address Fillmore broke with the expansionist policies of his predecessor James K. Polk and also praised the treaty reached by the United States with Great Britain. Despite a personal opposition to slavery, as chief executive, Fillmore believed himself bound to support slavery. The last of the Whig presidents, Fillmore favored high tariffs to protect nascent domestic industries. Fillmore’s speech also foreshadowed the creation of the Department of Agriculture and stressed facilitating imports of guano.
Introduction
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George
Published: November 2024

The Introduction sets the stage for telling the story of Project ACT, a unique transnational partnership among sexual and gender minority-led activists from eight countries intended to improve access to HIV care in Africa and the Caribbean through advocacy. This chapter briefly introduces the case study detailed in the book, its rationale, and the purposes for exploring it. It argues that understanding the nature and challenges of redressing the stigma and discrimination that fuel the HIV epidemic is essential to ending it. It further argues for the importance of understanding how evaluations of advocacy efforts can unfold, support, and be in the service of advocacy work to claim human rights. The authors position themselves relative to the case they describe and detail how their partnership in this effort came about. The chapter also provides readers with an overview of the book’s content.
We Don’t Want to Speak About It
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George
Published: November 2024

Chapter 1 describes the global trends in the HIV landscape that set the stage for a transnational advocacy partnership among activist organizations in eight countries. The purpose of the partnership was to remove barriers to HIV care for gay and bisexual men and transgender women in Africa and the Caribbean. Over the years leading up to this joint advocacy effort, the world witnessed stunning biomedical progress in combating HIV and an unprecedented international commitment to bringing the HIV epidemic under control. The optimism generated by highly effective biomedical tools coincided with reduced investment in eliminating the obstacles to HIV care that have contributed to long-standing inequalities affecting stigmatized populations. This chapter focuses on how stigma and neglect shaped the vulnerability to HIV experienced by gay and bisexual men and transgender women in Africa and the Caribbean. It also examines how criminalization and colonial and postcolonial influences contribute to these dynamics.
Our Power Is Believing in a Better Life Tomorrow
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George
Published: November 2024

This chapter places the work of sexual and gender minority community-led organizations that engage in human rights activism in geopolitical context. It describes formal and de facto forces that prevent sexual and gender minority community-led organizations and their constituents from full participation in civil society, with a focus on Africa and the Caribbean. It outlines how this exclusion obstructs efforts to promote sexual and gender minority human rights, protect sexual and gender minority citizens’ health and well-being, and bring an end to the HIV epidemic. The chapter also considers how the dynamics of development funding and international partnerships impact on the ability of sexual and gender minority communities in Africa and the Caribbean to pursue local advocacy priorities.
The Small and Mighty
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George
Published: November 2024

Building on the prior chapters, Chapter 3 describes the events that led to the creation of Project ACT, a transnational advocacy effort that brought together activists from eight sexual and gender minority community-led organizations and their local allies. The chapter describes the challenges of funding the initiative. Chapter 3 outlines how the project’s basic advocacy concept evolved and drew from the activists’ priorities. The chapter also introduces readers to the project’s transnational partners in Burundi, Cameroon, Côte D’Ivoire, Ghana, Jamaica, República Dominicana, Zimbabwe, and its US-based implementing partner, MPact Global Action for Gay Men’s Health and Rights (MPact).
With a Little Bit of Money and a Little Bit of Time
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Ayala George
Published: November 2024

Chapter 8 describes the contributions Project ACT made to reducing stigma, violence, and discrimination in each partner country. It highlights project achievements that are representative of the more than 100 outcomes identified through outcome harvesting. It also describes why the achievements observed were locally valued and how each reflected a meaningful and hard-won advocacy outcome within the local context. The changes described in the chapter include setting new agendas for health care and other improvements to create enabling environments, alternating public narratives on LGBT people, eliminating exclusionary practices in health care and other settings, improving access to health care resources, shaping enabling policies, and expanding advocacy capability.
Introduction
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa
Published: November 2024

The debate over Canadian conduct during the Abyssinian (Ethiopian) crisis serves as an entry point to the themes of this book. Canadian diplomats at the League of Nations advocated active engagement in the effort to prevent Italian imperialism, but the Mackenzie King government insisted on limiting Canada’s global commitments to maintain unity at home. The League’s failure to protect Ethiopia contributed to the collapse of the international system meant to prevent a second world war and led to a dramatic change in Canadian foreign policy. Ottawa completed a mutual defence agreement with the United States, became a founding member of the United Nations, and helped establish the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Standing alone, outside of world affairs, had become incompatible with the pursuit of the national interest.
Brian Mulroney and the Transformation of Canadian International Affairs, 1984–1993
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the foreign policy of Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Mulroney was an agent of change in world affairs at a time of global upheaval. The chapter covers Mulroney’s neoliberal economic approach, relations with US presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, the US Strategic Defense Initiative, the Polar Sea incident, the 1992 Earth Summit, Canadian accession to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the Organization of American States, South African apartheid, the end of the Cold War, UN peacekeeping, and the Kanesatake Resistance (Oka Crisis). The cases deal with the Canadian response to the Ethiopian famine, negotiating a Canada–US free trade agreement, and acid rain. The Beyond the Book case examines Ottawa’s experience on the United Nations Security Council during the 1991 Gulf War.
Stephen Harper’s Conservative Values on the World Stage, 2006–2015
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the foreign policy of Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper. It contrasts the Harper government’s approach to world affairs with the approach of previous Liberal and Progressive Conservative governments. It covers values-based foreign policy, the extension of the Canadian Forces mission in Afghanistan, military interventions in Libya and northern Iraq and Syria, the government’s approach to the Arctic, Canada’s withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol, the government’s evolving China policy, economic diplomacy, and relations with the United States. The cases deal with Canada’s position on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the Muskoka Initiative on Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health, and Russia’s invasion of Crimea. The Beyond the Book case deals with the merger of the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (DFAIT) with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to create the Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade, and Development (DFATD).
Conclusion Canada First in the Future
Authors: Chapnick Adam , McKercher Asa
Published: November 2024

This conclusion compares and contrasts the state of contemporary Canadian foreign policy with the situation facing Prime Minister Mackenzie King in the mid-1930s. Similarities include the impact of outside forces on Canada’s global posture, an unstable world order, the rise of populist political movements, and the United States’ evolving global role. Some issues, like national unity, are now defined more broadly and new tools, like Gender-Based Analysis Plus (GBA+) contribute to foreign policy thinking just as Ottawa must recruit and retain a more diverse cadre of diplomats. Civil society plays a more obvious role in world affairs. New challenges include cyber security, research security, money laundering, and the responsible use of artificial intelligence.
A Family Guide to Parenting Musically
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

A Family Guide to Parenting Musically is a resource for families who want to make music a more meaningful part of their daily life. The guide is full of ideas about how to engage in musical parenting (doing things to help your child grow musically) and parenting musically (using music to achieve parenting goals). Designed for parents, grandparents, caregivers, and friends, this guide includes ages-and-stages chapters as well as chapters organized by musical activities and scenarios. Seventy activities offer families specific ways to explore the ideas that all humans are musical, music is important, and there are many ways to be musical. Based on the author’s research and teaching with families and music over the last 25 years, as well as mothering her own four musical children, A Family Guide to Parenting Musically provides developmental information and research-based discussions in an easy-to-read format. The guide explores insights about using music to make parenting a little (or a lot!) easier, more fun, and more meaningful.
Sing with Your Kids
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

While some messages from the media or society may have led some individuals to believe that they can’t sing or their voice is not acceptable, this is not true. Each person’s voice is important, particularly to the children in their life. Adults can improve their singing voice, intonation, and confidence. When the children in our lives see and hear us singing, it shows them how we can use singing to soothe a crying child, to pass the time in the car, to make a wearisome task more enjoyable, and to draw closer together in relationships. There are many ways to support children’s vocal development and vocal expression. Children’s initial singing and hearing range is higher than many adults sing.
Found Sounds and Rhythm Bands
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

This chapter describes several categories of instruments the reader might use at home that fall outside of the piano, guitar, and band and orchestra instruments. These categories include rhythm instruments, found sounds, and recorders. Playing instruments together as a family is a way to add delight to family musicking. It also provides a way for children or adults to participate in a sing-along if they do not know the song. It is important for children to see adults playing instruments. Instrument time can also be a way to motivate, such as when built into a tidying chore. Adults should set boundaries around how instruments are handled and when it is okay to play.
Dance Parties Through the Decades
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

This chapter suggests considering dancing and movement as a way to be musical as a family. Dancing can be both a joyful and an expressive way to interact with family members. Some dances have strong cultural or historical links, which can deepen relational musicking. Dancing together as a family holds benefits that vary as children get older. Likewise, families often find their dancing interactions shift as children get older. Dancing includes creative movement. The Laban effort elements of flow, weight, space, and time provide a structure for families to use when exploring creative movement. Like singing and playing instruments, dancing is a form of musicking.
Widening Musical Worlds with Preschoolers (Ages 3 to 5 Years)
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

Preschoolers rapidly gain broader musical skills, abilities, and interests. Music is an essential part of preschoolers’ lives. This includes everything from unstructured play that incorporates music to using music in routines. It is important to provide opportunities for musical play for preschoolers. The preschool years are a great time to cultivate interests in musical genres and cultures. Music is helpful in routines and relationships with preschoolers as an opportunity for child agency (power, control, and authority). Some preschoolers may be ready for formal music instrument instruction through a Suzuki-type program. Honoring children’s musical listening preferences is a way to connect with the child and to foster their musical expression.
Nurturing Musical Expression with Late Elementary Age Children (Ages 9 to 12 Years)
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

Children in late elementary school are broadening their interests in many areas. Readers are encouraged to be ready for their child to have the time and skill to create and invest in their own passion projects during the later elementary school years. Children need balance between unstructured time for self-discovery with resources in the community or online that can provide supplemental information for their passion projects. It is important to keep making music a part of family life even when one’s child becomes more involved in school or community music activities. Families can do this in part through using music in routines as a way to connect with their late elementary school child.
How to Help Your Child Develop Musical Skills
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

This chapter looks at the many ways for children to develop musical skills. As in other areas of musical parenting, there is no one best way for children to learn music. It is important to match one’s goals/one’s child’s goals with the opportunities in one’s community. When investigating ways to help one’s child develop musical skills, consider family logistics and budget. If given the opportunity, advocate general music instruction in elementary schools. General music classes in elementary schools can be a form of music educational equity, helping all children to develop musical skills.
How to Approach Musical Practice in Healthy Ways
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

Musical practice can be a point of conflict for families. Musical practice is an area at the intersection of musical parenting and parenting musically. As a parent, many individuals want their child to practice in order to develop musical skills. Making practice successful and maintaining a positive relationship can be a challenging parenting task. Cultural beliefs influence a family’s experience and expectations around musical practice. Music aptitude, personality, and learning styles play a role in a child’s experience of practicing. There are many strategies for making musical practice work for your child and your family. Work to maintain a positive relationship with your child when encountering musical practice issues.
Epilogue
Authors: Huisman Koops Lisa
Published: November 2024

This book is full of ideas about how to engage in musical parenting (doing things to help one’s child grow musically), as well as parenting musically (using music to help get things done). Both musical parenting and parenting musically are things that happen in the home, as well as in school and community settings. The book’s organization forms a spiral, with the reader returning to various ideas through the different chapters and lenses. Musical parenting and parenting musically naturally change as one’s children grow older. The final suggested activity is to write a manifesto for one’s own family’s involvement in music.
Rules to Infinity
Authors: Povich Mark
Published: November 2024

One central aim of science is to provide explanations of natural phenomena. What role(s) does mathematics play in achieving this aim? How does mathematics contribute to the explanatory power of science? Rules to Infinity defends the thesis, common though perhaps inchoate among many members of the Vienna Circle, that mathematics contributes to the explanatory power of science by expressing conceptual rules, rules which allow the transformation of empirical descriptions. Mathematics should not be thought of as describing, in any substantive sense, an abstract realm of eternal mathematical objects, as traditional platonists have thought. In Rules to Infinity, this view, mathematical normativism, is updated with contemporary philosophical tools, and it is argued that normativism is compatible with mainstream semantic theory. This allows the normativist to accept that there are mathematical truths, while resisting the platonistic idea that there exist abstract mathematical objects that explain such truths. Furthermore, Rules to Infinity defends a particular account of the distinction between scientific explanations that are in some sense distinctively mathematical—those that explain natural phenomena in some uniquely mathematical way—and those that are only standardly mathematical, and it lays out desiderata for any account of this distinction. Normativism is compared with other prominent views in the philosophy of mathematics such as neo-Fregeanism, fictionalism, conventionalism, and structuralism. Rules to Infinity serves as an entry point into debates at the forefront of philosophy of science and mathematics, and it defends novel positions in these debates.
The Content of a Mathematical Model
Authors: Povich Mark
Published: November 2024

This chapter defends a novel inferentialist account of the representational content of mathematical models (and of models generally): the fully inferentialist theory (FIT). According to FIT, the content of a model is determined by the inferences that are to be made from it, and the inferences that are to be made from it are determined by the form of the model and the denotational conventions surrounding it. The chapter argues for a normative role for denotation claims as expressing the stipulated validity of rules of surrogative inference. It illustrates FIT using four case studies of causal models, network models, oscillator models, and applied mathematical equations. It ends by discussing model truth and accuracy, model explanation, and a limited potential role for similarity and morphism in securing model success. There is a slightly formal appendix that is intended to help make more precise how the logic of surrogative inference is conceived and the role that denotation-claims play in it.
Conclusion
Authors: Povich Mark
Published: November 2024

This chapter summarizes the main theses and arguments of the book: including the Narrow Ontic Counterfactual Account of distinctively mathematical explanation, its normativist deflating, how this renders the enhanced indispensability argument invalid, and the Fully Inferentialist Theory of scientific representation. It then discusses areas of future work. These include but are certainly not limited to the strengths of different kinds of necessity, including natural necessity, and DME-adjacent explanations, such as “really statistical” explanations and dimensional explanations. It discusses how a normativist might account for these phenomena. Regarding strengths of necessity, one route that is explored is to claim that the lowest grade of natural necessity can be explain in a pragmatic Humean fashion, to claim that the next highest grade of natural necessity is a posteriori necessary, and to claim that the highest grade is constitutive a priori or analytic.
Norms and Practices in UN Peace Operations
Authors: Laurence Marion
Published: November 2024

This chapter situates the book in wider theoretical and empirical debates about peace operations and global security governance in order to highlight the need for new understandings of the process by which practices change. It demonstrates the limitations of top-down theories of change in international organizations, showing how they discount the agency and creativity of UN staff. It then develops a novel theoretical framework for studying practice change in international organizations, which harnesses insights from international practice theory and the literature on norm contestation. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the book’s research design and methodological approach.
Introduction
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime
Published: November 2024

In modern life, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to cultivate and sustain meaningful social connection. As a result, millions of people around the world are dissatisfied with their social lives. Millions more feel lonely. The introduction to the book identifies several key barriers that get in the way of real connection: viewing social connection as a luxury rather than an essential human need; following unwritten social rules that pull us apart; seeing the social world through a distorted lens; underestimating others’ desires to connect with us; overlooking basic factors that create connection; shying away from deep conversations, self-disclosure, and expressing vulnerability; and missing opportunities to create connection on demand. It describes how to navigate around these barriers in order to have a more satisfying social life.
A Distorted Reality
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime
Published: November 2024

The way we think about ourselves and other people—our social cognition—has a huge impact on our sense of connection and our success in relationships. And research shows that our social cognition, while mostly accurate, has some predictable blind spots. In this chapter, we help readers identify common errors and biases in social thinking (e.g., the spotlight effect; confirmation bias, fundamental attribution error, and self-fulfilling prophecy) and describe how to develop more accurate ways of thinking about the social world. We also explore how loneliness can further distort social cognition and, paradoxically, make connection even more elusive. We also offer tips to help readers overcome this problem and feel more connected.
Beyond Casual Connection
Authors: Kerr Natalie , Kurtz Jaime
Published: November 2024

Many people crave deep, meaningful connection, where they are truly known and appreciated for who they are. However, they are often reluctant to engage in the behaviors that help foster this type of connection. Perhaps it’s a fear of being emotionally vulnerable, or maybe a difficulty being responsive to the needs of others. In this chapter, several specific strategies that foster closeness are discussed. Suggestions for approaching vulnerability with increased confidence are offered. Research on things that promote increased responsiveness to others (e.g., enthusiastically sharing in one another’s triumphs (a process called capitalization) and genuine expression of gratitude within the context of a close relationship) is also discussed.
Analyzing Simple Epidemiologic Data
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J.
Published: November 2024

Occasionally, the essential results from an epidemiologic study can be summarized in a simple table, such as a 2 × 2 table. This may be the case for data from randomized trials, in which no confounding is expected, or from studies that have employed extensive restriction to prevent confounding. In general, it can be useful for any study in which confounding and effect-measure modification are not a concern. This chapter presents the basic formulas needed to obtain the study results, expressed as point estimates and confidence intervals. These formulas vary depending on whether the estimate is a risk or rate, or for measures of association or effect, a difference or a ratio measure, and what type of data, such as risk data, rate data, or case-control data. Formulas are also presented to calculate approximate P-values.
Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Authors: Rothman Kenneth J. , Huybrechts Krista F. , Murray Eleanor J.
Published: November 2024

Infectious disease is a pervasive fact of life, comprising a never-ending competition between host and parasite. The balance among host, agent, and environment is always in flux, afflicting host species with infectious disease. This chapter presents the basic concepts of infectious disease epidemiology, including types of pathogens, routes of transmission, and common statistical measures. The Reed-Frost model of epidemic spread illustrates the spread of infectious diseases in populations, which can be summarized with specialized infectious disease measures. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future outlook for infectious disease epidemiology.
The Mindful Leader
Authors: Araque Juan Carlos , Weiss Eugenia L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 18, “The Mindful Leader,” is complementary to Chapter 17, on avoiding burnout and coping with stress using mindfulness, wellness practices, and self-reflection. This chapter encourages health and human service professionals to self-assess their internal states and use mindfulness exercises in daily routines. Mindfulness is the art of staying mentally, emotionally, and spiritually in the present moment, a type of meditation that can help social architects cope and thrive in a fast-paced environment. Most of us who practice mindfulness and self-reflection regularly find it extremely helpful in enduring daily stressors, formulating solutions to problems, and strengthening our passion for helping others.
Putting It All Together
Authors: Araque Juan Carlos , Weiss Eugenia L.
Published: November 2024

Chapter 20, “Putting It All Together: An Application of the IDDEA Leadership Framework to Achieve Social Change,” is a bonus chapter presented as an epilogue highlighting the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Leading Educational Achievement for Families (LEA) Initiative. For more than 20 years, the success of the LEA Initiative can be attributed to innovative business, school, and community leaders partnering to increase parent involvement and academic achievement, first with Latine parents and children and now with Korean, Vietnamese, Chinese, and nonimmigrant families and communities. The LEA Initiative puts into practice the five elements of the IDDEA Leadership Framework—innovation, design, diversity, execution, and assessment—reaching more than 50,000 low-income parents to engage in their children’s education to gain higher academic outcomes and reduce the educational achievement gaps for minoritized students.
Puzzle of Financial Globalization
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This introductory chapter traces the history of financial globalization and trade in financial services liberalization. It starts from an empirical puzzle of the reversal of fortune between foreign-owned banks and government-owned banks: around the turn of the century, government ownership in the financial sector decreased while foreign ownership increased in the financial markets around the world, and financial flows tripled. It presents the argument that firms created a new international regime to lower entry barriers around the world.
Financial Linkage and Financial Globalization
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the preferences of firms in financial globalization. Financial linkage (the degree to which firms use financial services in their production of goods and services) explains the demand side of financial globalization (why firms desire financial globalization) as well as the supply side (why governments open up their financial markets, despite the risk of losing control). It presents a measure of financial linkage and a case study of Citibank’s global holdings as well as regional activities in Ghana. It examines the relations between financial linkages and countries’ likelihood of joining a multilateral financial liberalization agreement.
Fragmented Liberalization in the Financial Industry
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines the second step of the puzzle: why governments agreed to liberalize their financial markets but embedded restrictions to limit multinational financial corporations' (MFCs') entry. This chapter posits that a political-economic factor--government ownership in the financial sector--explains this variation in fragmented liberalization in finance. It argues that the duality of the government's role in the financial market leads countries to open their financial markets multilaterally for external capital but to also embed restrictions to control the speed and extent of liberalization. It shows that the greater a government's control over the financial industry, the more (and more severe) entry restrictions it embeds in its liberalization commitments.
De Jure Liberalization
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines if and how countries complied with the international agreement and reformed their domestic regulations in line with their multilateral liberalization commitments. It shows that signatories indeed complied with their commitments and changed their domestic regulations on foreign entry and created (or strengthened) independent regulation. It discusses the financial regulatory developments regarding the multilateral liberalization agreement in the US and China, the two most sought-after financial markets. It discusses US financial firms’ efforts to use the external pressure they created through the international agreement to repeal the Great Depression era regulation, the 1933 Banking Act, or the Glass-Steagall Act, in the US as well as opening China’s financial markets to foreign entry through multilateral lobbying.
De Facto Liberalization
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines whether multilateral lobbying to create an international framework that lowers the entry barriers against foreign financial firms led to an increase in cross-border capital flows around the world. It first examines the international expansion of multinational financial corporations through mergers and acquisitions, particularly in the key markets in East Asia and Latin America. It then examines the relationship between joining the multilateral financial services liberalization agreement and within-country changes in three types of cross-border capital flows, trade in financial services, portfolio investment, and total FDI inflows.
Conclusion
Authors: Park Clara
Published: November 2024

This concluding chapter reviews the theory of financial globalization, which argues that firms pushed for and facilitated the creation of a new international regime in trade in financial services liberalization. In order to lower entry barriers around the world, firms formed industry coalitions across industries and countries to to build an industry consensus for an international liberalization framework. Firms not just respond to international economic policies; rather, they actively create new international economic agreements through multilateral lobbying to increase their business. The chapter applies the framework of multilateral lobbying to other international economic negotiations, such as in trade in services, environmental goods, and e-commerce.
Identifying and Challenging Sexual Scripts
Authors: Arañez Litam Stacey Diane
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores how Asian American sexual stereotypes have been perpetuated through historical events and media. Readers learn how Asian American women have been historically portrayed as sexually promiscuous and manipulative whereas Asian American men have been emasculated. Concepts such as orientalism are described in ways that further contextualize how Asian American sexual stereotypes echo longstanding forms of anti-Asian oppression. Interview excerpts highlight specific sexuality-based stereotypes, including assumptions of hypersexuality among Asian American women and sexual stereotypes among Asian American men. The chapter invites readers to break the stigma of sexuality-based conversations and provides suggestions for liberating their sexual selves.
A Country Called Prison
Authors: Carl John D. , Looman Mary D.
Published: November 2024

In the first edition of A Country Called Prison, John Carl and Mary Looman presented persuasive data calling for downsizing America’s prisons. Their novel approach continues in their second edition, shifting the beliefs many people have about prisons and their role in American society. The analogy of prison as a country is a novel way of looking at the issues of mass incarceration and addressing the latent, long-term consequences. In their second edition, Carl and Looman discuss the significant world events, such as the COVID epidemic, that impacted American society in the past decade, which led to an overall 20% reduction in prison populations across the board. The second edition includes a new chapter covering the history of prisons that clearly establishes the fact that prisons have always been about making money and less about rehabilitating offenders. They also introduce the new era of decarceration and desistance, encouraging courts to defer sentences and keep minor offenders at home with their families and in their communities while they work and attend education classes and mental health treatment. Once again Carl and Looman end their book with a rational and daring proposal—the Marshall Plan 2024—that envisions a way to bring the criminal justice system into the 21st century focusing on social equity and humane compassion for those who want to emigrate out of the Country Called Prison.
Introduction to a Country Called Prison
Authors: Looman Mary D. , Carl John D.
Published: November 2024

This book is filled with stories that were created from the authors’ memories working in prisons and with offenders and their families and in the community. These stories strengthen the authors’ thesis and help the reader to better understand the human faces behind the data. In the first chapter, the authors introduce the reader to the reality of the prison system in the United States. The reader is provided with comparative data between the United States and other nations in how they deal with people they may want or need to punish. This introductory chapter is reworked for this edition with updated data and clear discussion of the current state of incarceration.
Visiting America From a Country Called Prison
Authors: Looman Mary D. , Carl John D.
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, the authors note that most former inmates return to prison within 5 years after their release and ask why. All over the world, people successfully transition from one country to another, from one culture to another. How does this happen? What can be done differently that will make the homecoming of former inmates permanent and beneficial to society? Through one author’s experiences of helping former inmates during their first year of release, the authors reveal a constellation of obstacles that former inmates face when they return to the “free world,” which for many is a misnomer. With new insights, the authors use Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model to discuss strategic proposals that aid in the successful assimilation of citizens into U.S. culture. The authors also discuss diversion programs and efforts to return to ex-offenders their civil rights, such as voting.
The Last Romantic in His Own Words
Authors: Grymes James A. , Kusz Veronika
Published: November 2024

The Last Romantic in His Own Words combines carefully curated personal and professional letters with reminiscences, pedagogical essays, and statements on public affairs that Hungarian musician Ernst von Dohnányi (1877–1960) authored throughout his lengthy career. Also included are a selection of interviews he gave in various capacities: as a celebrated and versatile performer, as the composer of beloved masterworks, as an internationally respected pedagogue, and as a leader in Hungary’s leading musical institutions. The various texts—many of which have never appeared in English—shed new light on Dohnányi’s singular aesthetics, as well as on his career as a charismatic and at times controversial public figure who was one of the most influential musicians of the twentieth century, particularly in Hungary. The result of twenty-five years of archival research in England, Hungary, and the United States, the documents outline the major chapters in Dohnányi’s long and fascinating life, from his joyful childhood in Hungary to his final years in political exile. Along the way, readers will gain valuable insights into not only Dohnányi’s musical influences and personal philosophies as a performer, music educator, and composer, but more broadly musical life and the dissemination of musical knowledge and public taste in the first half of the twentieth century. The various documents facilitate a much-needed re-evaluation of a public figure and private individual caught up in the web of twentieth-century politics, resulting in a picture that is more complete than ever of one of the most elusive musicians of the twentieth century.
World War II
Authors: Grymes James A. , Kusz Veronika
Published: November 2024

In 1937, Dohnányi met Ilona Zachár, who would later become his third wife, and started dreaming of leaving behind the stresses of the impending war and the strains of his own professional obligations in favor of a peaceful life of composing. His growing frustrations resulted in his resignation from the Liszt Academy directorship in 1941, in protest of the forced dismissal of its Jewish professors. It was also during this period that Dohnányi gave four extensive interviews in which he expressed his unfavorable views of modern music with uncharacteristic acerbity. In their futile quest for originality, Dohnányi asserted, composers with insufficient training tried to compensate for their lack of creativity with convoluted compositional processes. Notable exceptions were Bartók, Kodály, and Stravinsky, whom Dohnányi felt possessed both the talent and the training to experiment without sacrificing artistic quality.
Exile
Authors: Grymes James A. , Kusz Veronika
Published: November 2024

In fear of the increasing Nazi terror and the approaching Soviet troops, Dohnányi fled Hungary on October 15, 1944. He eventually found refuge in the village of Neukirchen am Walde, Austria, where he penned a lengthy letter to his sister in Budapest. After leaving Hungary, Dohnányi was accused in absentia of intellectual collaboration with the right-wing Hungarian government, prompting him to write an affidavit and a statement explaining his innocence. In 1949, at the age of seventy-two, Dohnányi joined the faculty of the then-fledgling school of music at Florida State University. Over the next decade, he undertook annual residencies at Ohio University, where he delivered two lectures. Dohnányi continued to compose, perform, and teach, while also providing program notes for his newest compositions and giving interviews, up to his death on February 9, 1960.
Serbia
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila
Published: November 2024

This is the first in-depth, English-language history of modern Serbia in nearly half a century. It covers the period from the Serbian state’s revolutionary rebirth in the early nineteenth century, under the rebel leaders Karađorđe Petrović and Miloš Obrenović; its turbulent history of wars, uprisings and dynastic rivalries; the triumph of Yugoslav unification in 1918; and the catastrophe of occupation by Nazi Germany in 1941. It shows how the birth of the modern nation-state involved the creation of a new elite—dynasty, army and bureaucracy—whose rule over the peasantry generated a popular resistance that would ultimately take form in Nikola Pašić’s mighty People’s Radical Party. The resulting struggle between elitist Westernizers and pro-Russian populists became entwined with the struggle for pan-Serb and Yugoslav liberation and unification. These causes came together with the Sarajevo assassination of 1914, which triggered the First World War. Existing histories of the Yugoslav kingdom that emerged from that war focus on the national conflict between Serbs, Croats, Bosnian Muslims and others, but Marko Attila Hoare challenges this narrative. He shows how the new kingdom’s politics continued to be dominated by the ongoing internal Serbian power struggle, bringing renewed disaster to Yugoslavia and its peoples.
Introduction
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila
Published: November 2024

This introduction sets out the purpose of the book: to explain the principal determinants of Serbia’s political evolution and its principal long-term political trends. The book examines the period 1804–1941: from the start of the First Serbian Uprising, which began the process of constructing the first modern Serbia, to the fall of this state—in its extended, Yugoslav form—through conquest by Nazi Germany. The introduction explains that the book is divided into three parts corresponding to three periods in the history of the first modern Serbia: the first part concerns Serbia as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire, the second the independent Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, and the third Serbia within the Yugoslav kingdom. The introduction explains that this is a history of the state that arose in 1804–1815 and the country and people it encompassed. The Yugoslav state that existed in 1918-1941 was effectively an extension of Serbia, but the focus remains on the political classes, institutions and territory of pre-1912 Serbia and on their relationship to territories that were in some sense “Serbian” or “Serb” by virtue of conquest, annexation or ethnicity (Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Vojvodina, Bosnia-Hercegovina).
Court–Radical Collaboration and Praetorian Reaction
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila
Published: November 2024

The modus vivendi between the old elite and Radicals established in 1889 proved unstable given the unwillingness of either party to concede pre-eminence to the other and the opposition of elements in the old elite to the presence of the Radicals in government. The subsequent fourteen years therefore witnessed repeated unsuccessful attempts to make such a hybrid regime work. King Aleksandar Obrenović vacillated between ruling in partnership with the Radicals and ruling against them. His rule therefore involved repeated putsches and violations and changes of the constitution. While repeated attempts between 1889 and 1903 to establish a functional partnership between court and Radicals proved unworkable, opponents of such a partnership had emerged on the “right” in the form of Milan’s Austrophile faction of the old elite and on the “left” in the form of the Independent Radicals. King Milan's abdication in favor of Aleksandar but continued involvement in Serbian affairs caused the old elite to split into pro-Aleksandar and pro-Milan factions. Excluded from power and any possibility of returning to it, deeply hostile to the Radicals but encouraged by the Independents’ opposition to the regime, Milan’s faction mutated into a praetorian reaction, spawning a conspiracy to murder the king.
Establishment of the Yugoslav State
Authors: Hoare Marko Attila
Published: November 2024

Unification of the South Slav lands to form the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes did not fundamentally change the nature of the political conflicts in Serbia. Serbia imposed its hegemony on the new state, but the monarch, Radicals, and their party-political opponents now sought allies from among the new lands with which to counteract each other, so Serbia exported its political divisions to these new lands while importing theirs. Meanwhile, the acquisition of new territories by Belgrade meant ongoing territorial disputes with Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria and Albania that spilled over into internal conflicts within Yugoslavia. The anti-Radical parties in Serbia united with Svetozar Pribićević’s centralists from former Austria-Hungary to form the Democratic Party while the Radicals expanded into Yugoslavia outside Serbia, so Serbia’s party-political struggle now extended across the new state. The two parties collaborated sufficiently to push the centralist constitution through the constituent assembly despite opposition from left-wing, Croat, Slovene, and even some predominantly Serb parties, but this was a mere interlude in their rivalry. The power struggle between Serbia’s political classes would continue as before, but with the parties enjoying relatively smaller majorities and Yugoslavia held together by force, power shifted back toward the crown.
The Name of God in the World of Men
Authors: Venkatkrishnan Anand
Published: November 2024

The chapter follows the trajectory of a single book by one of the Kerala scholars, the Bhagavannāmakaumudī, or “The Moonlight of God’s Name.” The author of the Kaumudī argued that statements in the purāṇas were just as valid as Vedic utterances. The chapter asks and answers the following questions: How did readers of the Bhāgavata rethink the discourse of scriptural authority? How was the Kaumudī adopted by different religious communities? and Why did a scholarly monograph feature in the cultural memory of a tradition of Brahmin musical performance? This chapter argues that we should read Sanskrit scholastic discourse on singing the name of God from the bottom up. In other words, scholarly writing on the subject was responding not only to the example of the Bhāgavata and other Sanskrit texts but to the wider world of subaltern religious practice.