bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes of 24 November 1987
Authors: Magistrale Harold , Jones Lucile , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: July 2021

The 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills earthquakes occurred on the conjugate northwest-striking right-lateral Superstition Hills fault and a previously unknown northeast-striking left-lateral structure defined by a lineation of hypocenters extending from the Superstition Hills fault to the Brawley seismic zone. Master event locations of the earthquakes using Caltech-USGS seismic network data reveal the following. The first main shock (33° 4.9′ N, 115° 47.7′, h = 10.6 km, MS = 6.2, 0154 GMT), on the northeast striking structure and its foreshocks co-locate. Events on the northeast structure cluster in space and time, and some aftershocks occur in the Brawley seismic zone. The second main shock (33° 0.9′ N, 115° 50.9′ W, h = 1.9 km, MS = 6.6, 1315 GMT), on the Superstition Hills fault, was 12 hr after the first main shock and initiated at shallow depth where the two trends join. Aftershocks of the second main shock lie in a northwest trend between the Superstition Hills and Superstition Mountain faults and have a sharply defined western edge. The extent of the northwest-trend aftershocks is not coincident with surface rupture on the Superstition Hills fault. In general, the earthquakes in the northeast trend are deep and the earthquakes in the northwest trend are shallow. We compare the earthquake distribution to the distribution of crystalline basement rocks defined from a refraction study of Fuis et al. (1982). The earthquake locations and extent of aftershock activity appear to be controlled by the presence of crystalline basement rocks.
Slip on the Elmore Ranch fault during the past 330 years and its relation to slip on the Superstition Hills fault
Authors: Hudnut K. W. , Seeber L. , Rockwell T.
Published: July 2021

The Elmore Ranch fault is a left-lateral fault that strikes northeast within the right-lateral transform boundary that strikes northwest through southern California. It lies transverse and adjacent to the segment of the Superstition Hills fault that ruptured in 1987. Rupture of the Elmore Ranch fault (MS = 6.2) preceded rupture of the Superstition Hills fault (MS = 6.6) by about 11.4 hr. The Elmore Ranch fault slipped at the surface in 1987 with left-lateral displacements of up to 130 mm. Geological data indicate that it had slipped prehistorically, sometime after about 1660 A.D., probably in a single event. Excavations at three sites enable the following comparisons: November 1987 (mm) ~1660-October 1987 (mm) Main Strand 70 ± 5 230 ± 20 West Strand 30 ± 5 90 ± 10 East Strand 50 ± 10 < 25(?) Total 150 ± 20 320 ± 30 At these sites, the only significant component of dip slip (down to the southeast) was found on the west strand for slip previous to 1987.

The Superstition Hills fault has also been documented to have experienced one slip event between ∼1660 and 1987. Thus these slip events on the Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills faults may have occurred in a sequence similar to that in 1987. Neither the main fault nor the cross-fault, however, appear to have exactly duplicated their previous surficial slip. Previous slip was probably smaller on the Superstition Hills fault and larger on the Elmore Ranch fault zone than in the 1987 event. Because the temporal correlation between previous slip events is not proven, rupture sequences other than a doublet in which main fault rupture follows cross-fault rupture are possible.
Evidence for prehistoric earthquakes on the Superstition Hills fault from offset geomorphic features
Authors: Lindvall Scott C. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Hudnut Kenneth W.
Published: July 2021

Offset geomorphic features along the Superstition Hills fault show evidence for at least one slip event prior to the 1987 surface rupture, and possibly as many as four to five earlier prehistoric earthquakes. We documented several geomorphic features that appeared offset by multiple events by making detailed topographic maps. Offset features were abundant along reaches of the fault with high topographic relief and large displacement. Slip distribution for the penultimate event, as recorded by offset rills, streams, and shrub-coppice dunes, is very similar to the slip distribution from the 1987 earthquake through April 1988. This similarity may prove to be fortuitous if afterslip from the 1987 event continues to increase the total slip for this earthquake. But if afterslip associated with the 1987 event ceases in the near future, then the past two earthquakes were nearly identical in slip, and the Superstition Hills fault may be expected to produce characteristic earthquakes of roughly magnitude 612.
Moment-tensor solutions for the 24 November 1987 Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes
Authors: Sipkin Stuart A.
Published: July 2021

The teleseismic long-period waveforms recorded by the Global Digital Seismograph Network from the two largest Superstition Hills earthquakes are inverted using an algorithm based on optimal filter theory. These solutions differ slightly from those published in the Preliminary Determination of Epicenters Monthly Listing because a somewhat different, improved data set was used in the inversions and a time-dependent moment-tensor algorithm was used to investigate the complexity of the main shock. The foreshock (origin time 01:54:14.5, mb 5.7, Ms 6.2) had a scalar moment of 2.3 × 1025 dyne-cm, a depth of 8 km, and a mechanism of strike 217°, dip 79°, rake 4°. The main shock (origin time 13:15:56.4, mb 6.0, Ms 6.6) was a complex event, consisting of at least two subevents, with a combined scalar moment of 1.0 × 1026 dyne-cm, a depth of 10 km, and a mechanism of strike 303°, dip 89°, rake −180°.
Scattering of long-period Rayleigh waves in Western North America and the interpretation of codaQmeasurements
Authors: Langston Charles A.
Published: July 2021

The codas of long-period Rayleigh waves recorded at WWSSN and Canadian network stations in Western North America from eight underground explosions at NTS are examined in an effort to separate scattering and anelastic attenuation effects. Coda behavior of 0.1 and 0.2 hz Rayleigh waves follows coda characteristics seen in studies of short-period S waves. Coda decay rate is seen to be a stable observation over most stations in Western North America and is consistent with the hypothesis that backscattered surface waves from heterogeneities contained within the western half of the continent form the Rayleigh wave coda. The basic data observables of coda level and decay are interpreted using several plausible models. The single scattering model yields a coda Q consistent with previously determined Rayleigh anelastic attenuation coefficients. Separation of anelastic and scattering Q is possible using an energy flux model and shows that scattering Q is one to two orders of magnitude higher than anelastic Q. However, an energy flux model that incorporates a layer of scatterers over a homogeneous half-space shows that all Rayleigh-wave attenuation can be explained purely by scattering effects which include Rayleigh- to body-wave conversion. Coda can be fit equally well by these mutually incompatible models. It is not likely that the mechanisms of scattering or anelastic attenuation can be addressed by coda observations of a single homogeneous data set.
An algorithm for automated tsunami warning in French Polynesia based on mantle magnitudes
Authors: Talandier Jacques , Okal Emile A.
Published: July 2021

We have developed a new magnitude scale, Mm, based on the measurement of mantle Rayleigh-wave energy in the 50 to 300 sec period range, and directly related to the seismic moment through Mm = log10M0 − 20. Measurements are taken on the first passage of Rayleigh waves, recorded on-scale on broadband instruments with adequate dynamical range. This allows estimation of the moment of an event within minutes of the arrival of the Rayleigh wave, and with a standard deviation of ±0.2 magnitude units. In turn, the knowledge of the seismic moment allows computation of an estimate of the high-seas amplitude of a range of expectable tsunami heights. The latter, combined with complementary data from T-wave duration and historical references, have been integrated into an automated procedure of tsunami warning by the Centre Polynésien de Prévention des Tsunamis (CPPT), in Papeete, Tahiti.
Phase velocity estimation of diffusely scattered waves
Authors: Dainty Anton M. , Harris David B.
Published: July 2021

Two methods are investigated for estimating the phase velocity of diffusely scattered seismic waves simultaneously arriving from different azimuths and recorded by a two-dimensional array of seismometers. The Hankel spectrum is the average of the frequency-wavenumber (FK) spectrum over all azimuths, while the wavenumber spectrum is derived by integrating the FK spectrum around a contour of constant phase velocity, i.e., a circle centered on the origin in the wavenumber plane. If the conventional estimate of the FK spectrum using the covariance matrix of the seismometer signals is integrated, a closed form for both the Hankel spectrum and the wavenumber spectrum may be found; the two spectra are very similar, the wavenumber spectrum being equal to the Hankel spectrum times the wavenumber. In spite of this similarity, however, we find that the two formulations have significantly different behavior for small wavenumbers, i.e., high phase velocities. In both cases there is a highest (true) velocity that can be estimated from the spectral maximum for a given array aperture (“velocity cut-off”). The Hankel spectrum estimates too high a velocity; for true wavenumbers below a certain limit, infinite velocity is estimated. The wavenumber spectrum, on the other hand, estimates too low a velocity, and there is an upper limit on the estimated velocity. An example illustrating these difficulties for the two methods is given for teleseismic P coda of an event recorded at the NORESS array in southern Norway: in spite of the problems, the analysis is able to demonstrate that the coda consists of two components; a coherent P-wave component with a high phase velocity and a diffuse S-wave component of low phase velocity. The cut-off and bias problem are investigated by numerical simulation for the NORESS array using azimuthal averaging and synthetic signals. The results confirm and quantify the cut-off problem at low wavenumbers and indicate that wavenumbers estimated from the Hankel and wavenumber spectra maxima bracket the true wavenumber, with the Hankel spectrum estimate being low (phase velocity too high) and the wavenumber spectrum estimate high. The bias of both methods decreases with increasing wavenumber (decreasing phase velocity) and they are both asymptotically unbiased. The wavenumber spectrum has a superior performance at low wavenumbers (high phase velocity), but the Hankel spectrum gives superior results at high wavenumbers (low phase velocity). The product of the linear wavenumber (= 1/wavelength) and the array aperture define “high” and “low” wavenumbers; for low wavenumbers, the product is 1 or less. In an Appendix, we find absolute lower bounds on the cut-offs analytically. The problems could be mitigated by using high resolution methods.
Foam rubber modeling of topographic and Dam interaction effects at Pacoima Dam
Authors: Anooshehpoor Abdolrasool , Brune James N.
Published: July 2021

A study of the topographic and dam interaction effects was made using a 3-D foam rubber model of the actual topography around the Pacoima Dam accelerograph which recorded over 1 g high-frequency horizontal ground accelerations during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Scaling of frequency from the model to the earth depends on the average value of shear-wave velocity in the upper few hundred meters. Assuming βe = 2 km/sec, for vertically incident SH waves, the spectral ratio of the ground acceleration on the ridge to the free field (flat surface) indicates an amplification of about 60 per cent around 6.5 Hz on the N76°W component. Topography has little effect upon the motion recorded on the S14°W component. Motion on the ridge is lower than the free-field motion on both horizontal components for frequencies above 9 Hz. Amplification peaks shift to higher or lower frequencies depending on the assumed shear-wave velocity in the upper few hundred meters.

Results from nonvertically incident SH waves show that the topographic effect is dependent on the direction of approach of the seismic energy. The effect is either de-amplification (in part by shadowing) or amplification (relative to the case where no topography is present), depending on whether the canyon is on the ray path or not. The Fourier spectrum of the ground motion at the dam crest shows peak frequencies at about 5 Hz and 10 Hz (resonance), which correspond to the normal modes of the dam. A study of dynamic interaction between the Pacoima Dam and the ridge shows that the coupling is less than 2 per cent at about 10 Hz and less than 12 percent at about 5 Hz.
A stability checking procedure for finite-difference schemes with boundary conditions in acoustic media
Authors: Kamel Aladin H.
Published: July 2021

The manner in which boundary conditions are approximated and introduced into finite-difference schemes has an important influence on the stability and accuracy of the results. The standard von Neumann stability condition applies only for points which are not in the vicinity of the boundaries. This stability condition does not take into consideration the effects caused by introducing the boundary conditions to the scheme. In this paper, we extend the von Neumann condition to include boundary conditions. The method is based on studying the time propagating matrix which governs the space-time behavior of the numerical grid. Examples of applying the procedure on schemes with different boundary conditions are given.
A versatile equalization circuit for increasing seismometer velocity response below the natural frequency
Authors: Roberts Peter M.
Published: July 2021

A versatile and easily implemented circuit is described that increases the velocity amplitude response of seismometers below their natural frequency in order to extend the useful bandwidth to lower frequencies. The circuit employs a simple design that counteracts the Ï‰2 rolloff of the seismometer by cascading two one-pole active low-pass filters in series. The low-pass stages are each summed with the unfiltered signal to maintain a flat unity amplitude response near and above the natural frequency. The design, testing, and field implementation are described for a version of the circuit used with Mark Products L4-C 1.0 Hz seismometers. The design produced a nominally flat response extending down to 0.1 Hz with tolerable stability over a wide range of ambient temperatures. Design procedures are described so that the circuit may be easily modified for any arbitrary natural frequency and range of desired equalization. The circuit can be installed very easily in nearly any recording equipment with minimal modification of existing circuitry. An example is shown of the measured and theoretical amplitude and phase responses for an existing seismic event recorder with and without the equalization circuit installed. The agreement between the measured and theoretical responses is excellent for both of these instruments configurations.
Seismic calibration using the simplex algorithm
Authors: Steck Lee , Prothero William A.
Published: July 2021

We have modified the software of Sauter and Dorman (1986) to produce a robust and flexible calibration program that works in the frequency domain for longer and noisy calibration signals, as well as in the time domain when shorter, high signal-to-noise calibration signals may be used. The most important improvement was to replace the least squares fitting of the complex polynomial representation of the response function with the simplex fitting of the pole-zero representation of the response function. The simplex algorithm always converges to a minimum, regardless of starting model, and by fitting the poles and zeroes directly, we minimize the degrees of freedom of the solution. Typical VAX 11/750 CPU requirements are on the order of 2 to 3 minutes for both codes, with average errors less than 1 per cent in amplitude and 1° in phase.
Destructive strong ground motion in Mexico city: Source, path, and site effects during great 1985 Michoacán earthquake
Authors: Campillo M. , Gariel J. C. , Aki K. , Sánchez-Sesma F. J.
Published: July 2021

Simultaneous consideration of source, path, and site effects on ground motion during the Michoacán earthquake of 1985 allows us to draw coherent conclusions regarding the roles played for the disaster in Mexico City by the rupture process, the mode of propagation of the waves between the epicentral zone and Mexico City, and the local amplification. In contrast to the horizontal component which showed dramatic amplification for the 2 to 3 sec motion at lake sediment sites, we observe almost identical vertical displacement seismograms containing ripples with 2 to 3 sec period throughout the Mexico City valley whether the recording site is on the lake sediments or on hard rock. We, therefore, conclude that the 2 to 3 sec motion responsible for the destruction of Mexico City was present in the incident field. After performing a phase analysis, we interpret the signal as the superposition of long-period Rayleigh waves and short-period Lg with a dominant period of about 3 sec. The analysis of the teleseismic records indicates that the radiation of this event is enhanced for waves around the 3 sec period. Except in the case of stations for which an anomalous path effect is suspected, the records present ripples appearing a few seconds after the beginning of the signal. The characteristics of near-fault records show that the rupture process consists of the growth of a smooth crack. The numerical simulation indicates that the 3 sec period ripples can be explained by a series of changes of the rupture front velocity. We examine two alternative source models associated with different crustal models to explain the characteristics of the vertical displacements recorded in Mexico City. Our preferred model attributes the cause of the enhanced 3 sec motion to the irregularity in the rupture propagation in addition to the effect of the local conditions in Mexico City. This interpretation leads to a very coherent scenario of what happened from the start of the failure on the fault up to the destruction in Mexico City. This example illustrates the need to consider simultaneously source, path, and site effects in order to understand strong ground motions.
Crustal structure in the southern Bering Shelf and the Alaska Peninsula from inversion of surface-wave dispersion data
Authors: Niazi Mansour , Chun Kin-Yip
Published: July 2021

Dispersion of surface waves in the southern Bering Shelf (Bristol Bay) and the Alaska Peninsula is investigated for a study of the regional crustal structure. Our data consist of five shallow earthquakes located along the Aleutian Arc and recorded by long-period, three-component seismographs sited in south-central Alaska. Both Love and Rayleigh group velocities are obtained through the application of the phase-matched filtering technique. The results are converted to equivalent pure-path data by appropriate adjustment using the published information for the continental Alaska.

Treating the shear velocity of each layer as an independent parameter, the pure-path group velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves are jointly inverted in order to obtain a satisfactory agreement between the theoretical and the observed dispersion characteristics. Estimates of the resolving power of the inversion and uncertainty of the final velocity structure show substantial improvement over the previously published models.

With their crustal thicknesses ranging between 33 and 36 km, none of the final models displays structural characteristics reminiscent of an oceanic crust. Over the northernmost path across the Bristol Bay, we found an indication of a weak low-velocity zone (five per cent reduction relative to the lid velocity) whose prominence diminishes towards the south.
Evaluation of Anticholinergic, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activity of Astragalus dumanii, an Endemic Plant
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT Ümit Muhammet , ERUYGUR Nuraniye , ATAŞ Mehmet , TEKİN Mehmet , TASLİMİ Parham , GÖKALP Faik , GÜLÇİN İlhami
Published: July 2021

The research was conducted to separately evaluate and detect the possible in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts prepared from aerial parts and roots of Astragalus dumanii and anti-cholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from only aerial parts of its The antioxidant capacity was tested by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Compared with the standard antioxidant compound gallic acid; Root and aerial part extract showed lower DPPH radical scavenging activity, however aerial part extract demonstrated higher ABTS radical scavenging activity. The phenolic contents were detected as 5.31 ± 0.03 and 13.23 ± 0.05 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 extract, flavonoid contents were found as 8.26 ± 0.004 and 7.93 ± 0.005 mg Qercetin equivalent g-1 extract. In addition, the effects of the extracts obtained from aerial parts of the plant on acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and a-glycosidase enzymes were investigated in vitro and IC50 values were obtained as 1.47, 0.83 and 0.48 µg mL-1, respectively. When these values were compared with standard substances, it was seen that Astragalus dumanii could be a good enzyme inhibitory agent. Antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts were determined using the microdilution method and the extracts was not observed to have any antimicrobial activities..
Mechanical, Curing Parameters and Water Absorption of Hybrid Date Palm Leaf-Orange Peel Fibers Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites
Authors: Chelali Hamza , Meghezzi Ahmed , Berkouk Abir , Soltani Mohamed Toufik , Winning George
Published: July 2021

In this study, polymer-hybrid natural fibers composites were prepared using unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as the matrix and a filler using date palm leaf fiber (DPLF) and orange peel fiber (OPF). The effect of DPLF and OPF on mechanical behavior (tensile strength and elongation at break), moisture absorption, UPR gel time (tgel) and peak exothermic temperature (Tpeak) were determined. The composites of UPR reinforced with DPLF and OPF were processed by hand lay-up technique. The UPR weight fraction was maintained at 90%, and DPLF/OPF proportions varied so that the percentage of natural fiber was 10 wt%. Seven (07) composites were prepared (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7) with different DPLF:OPF ratios (0:0, 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.33:0.67, 0.25:0.75, 0:1) respectively in order to screen the possible interactions. DPLF were surface modified using 6% Alkali treatment, OPF were used without surface modification. Unlike DPLF, OPF showed considerable increase of UPR tgel and Tpeak which act as natural inhibitor. Tensile strength and fracture strength were also impacted negatively and positively depending on the different fiber proportions. Absorption tests showed a decrease in the composites hydrophobicity which increases significantly with higher DPLF proportions.
Evaluation of Effectiveness of Anti Hangover Oral Film in the Management of Alcohol Induced Hangover Symptoms
Authors: Shobha J. C. , Ohol Tabitha
Published: July 2021

Alcohol induced hangover symptoms are experienced the day after alcohol consumption. Curcumin is polyphenolic compound available in turmeric with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Curcumin is tested as one of the best, in alleviating the hangover symptoms. The anti-hangover properties of curcumin were evaluated in the present study. 42 subjects received the active anti-hangover oral film and 16 subjects received placebo. Subjects who received the active anti-hangover oral film showed complete absence of symptoms like dizziness, stomach ache and palpitation as compared to placebo. 2–5% of the subjects in the active group experienced headache, loss of appetite and nausea as compared to 56% to 87% in the placebo group. There was no problem with concentration at work in 71% of the subjects in the active group as compared to 38% in the placebo group. Relief from hangover symptoms was good to excellent in the active group as compared to no relief in the placebo group. The anti-hangover oral film containing curcumin was safe and effective in minimizing or completely eliminating the hangover symptoms.
Ayurvedic Management Successfully Reduces Dose of L-Dopa and Remission of Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease – (A Case Report)
Authors: Prathibha C. K. , Binth Salim Rakhi , Parameswaran Namboothiri K. , Anandaraman P. V.
Published: July 2021

Background and Aim: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition of motor nervous system. The symptoms of PD are similar to KampaVata (a disease of Vata Dosha) such as Karapadatala kampa (tremors in hands and foot), Dehabhramana (postural instability), Nidrabhagna (insomnia) and Matiksheena (dementia) referred by Ayurvedic classics. The most effective management of PD in Allopathic system is dopamine replacement therapy but long-term use of L-Dopa is associated with motor complications. Available medications for PD provides only symptomatic relief and there is no treatment proven to cure the disease or delay its progression. The present case report is a known case of young onset asymmetric Parkinsonism who was on 700mg L-Dopa, managed with Ayurveda therapies. The line of treatment included Vatanulomana (pacifying morbid VataDosa), Srotoshodhana (clearing of the obstructed bodychannels) and Rasayana (rejuvenation). Management and results: It included both internal and external Ayurveda therapies. Therapies were performed every year for around 20 days in 3 consecutive years. The assessment was done by Parkinson’s disease questionnaire 39 and Schwab and England Activities of daily Living scale. Reduction in the dose of L-Dopa, improvement in tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, regaining the perception of taste and smell was observed at the end of 3 years of treatment. Conclusion: The dose of L-Dopa was reduced from 700mg to 100mg/day and the quality of life improved.
Physico-sensory and Textural Properties of Composite Millet Palm Jaggery Muffins
Authors: Jadhav Snehal , Kavinya V. , Vijay Nirmal R. , Mohammed Shameem H. , Ramalakshmi K.
Published: July 2021

Composite millet palm jaggery (CMPJ) muffins were prepared by replacing all-purpose flour with composite millet flour at different level (0:100, 50:50, 30:70) and replacing cane sugar completely with palm jaggery. CMPJ muffins and control muffins with cane sugar (APFS) were analyzed for Physico-sensory and textural properties (TPA). Incorporation of millet flour and wheat flour at the ratio 70:30 resulted in an acceptable product with good sponginess which is one of the desirable properties of muffins. The moisture content of muffins prepared with palm jaggery was found to be higher (21.84±0.01%) than muffins prepared with sugar (19.58 ±0.01%). The lightness of the crumb and crust (37.58±0.08, 28.89±0.11) of CMPJ muffins were found to be lesser than control muffins (58.34±0.20, 35.30±0.99), whereas redness of crumb and crust was found more in CMPJ muffins (9.18±0.07, 12.12±0.22) than APFS muffins (6.56±0.15, 10.61 ±0.15) which is due to the brown colour of palm jaggery. The muffins with jaggery had lower pH and sensory score and higher water activity (aw) than muffins with sugar. TPA results showed that CMPJ (6270±7.2 g) were slightly harder than APFS (4729±4.7). Microbial analysis (Total plate count, Yeast and mold count) for CMPJ muffins was found to be safe for consumption upto 12 days without added preservative. It is concluded that CMPJ muffins (without preservative) can be an alternative to APFS without affecting the quality parameters of the product.
Comparative Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Study of Cassia auriculata and Cassia fistula
Authors: Kewatkar Shailesh M. , Paithankar Vivek V. , Deshpande Supriya S. , Jain Shirish P. , Nagore Dheeraj H. , Bhusari Dipak V. , Navin Raj Chanchal , Chakolkar Madhav D. , Nimburka Trupti A.
Published: July 2021

Cassia auriculata L. (CAL) popularly identified as Tanner’s Cassia and Cassia fistula L. (CFL) is generally known as Golden Shower. Both plants belong to the Family, Fabaceae. These plants are used in skin disease, as hepatoprotective, as anticancer agent and as antioxidant agent. The intention of current article is to put forward the comparative pharmacognostical analysis of Cassia auriculata and Cassia fistula roots in terms of macroscopic evaluation, microscopic evaluation, physicochemical evaluation, extractive values and phytochemical analysis. Thin Layer Chromatography study was carried out for CAL and CFL and data pertaining to the above cited evaluations were recorded for both, CAL and CFL roots. The present study may help in differentiating among these species and these pharmacognostic parameters may serve as a tool for identification, authentication and standardization of CAL and CFL.
Evaluating the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Erythrina variegate Linn. – An In-silico Approach
Authors: Umarani G. , Nethaji S.
Published: July 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the deadly diseases and is ranked as third for men and second for women amongst all cancers in the world. Due to 6,08,000 deaths, it ranks as the fourth common cause of death due to cancer (WHO, 2018). The “ethnomedicinal studies” of the therapeutic values of plants evolves a systematic scientific evaluation. In the present study, the lead compounds hit on the GCMS analysis of the ethanolic extract of Erythrina variegata L. Leaf. The extract was studied for its anticancer potential in Insilco molecular docking. The results revealed that the 3-eicosyne have strong binding energies against the colorectal cancer mutated oncogene KRAS G12D and tumour suppressor gene p53 R249S in comparison to other compounds. Finally, it is confirmed that the active pharmaceutical ingredients have potent anti-Cancer activity and have great efficacy against the colorectal adenocarcinoma oncogenes and tumour suppressor regulating genes.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Tulsi and Cardamom on Elderly Depressive Subjects - A Preliminary Clinical Study
Authors: Suresh Velumani , Balaraman Ramachandran , Patel Pooja , Buddhadev Mohit
Published: July 2021

An aqueous extract of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and Elettaria cardamomum (Cardamom) was administered to elderly subjects suffering from depression living in selected old age home. Geriatric Depression Assessment Scale was used to assess the level of depression; based on the scale, 40 subjects were selected for the study. The subjects were divided into two groups of twenty each. Experimental group received aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum and cardamom for eight weeks, similarly, control group received aqueous extract of green tea leaves. Post assessment was done after eight weeks of treatment in both the control and experimental groups. Aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum and cardamom were found to have a significant anti depressive effect on experimental group after 8 weeks, while control group did not show any significant change. Preliminary data of the study showed a significant antidepressive activity of Ocimum sanctum and cardamom extracts.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: YOUTH TRANSITIONS TO EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT: A MOBILITIES PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Smith Angèle , Power Nicole
Published: July 2021

This special issue focuses on the geographical and spatialized mobilities related to youth transitions to post-secondary education and employment. The “mobility turn” in social sciences in the last decade recognizes that life is increasingly organized and shaped by mobilities (and immobilities) across varying spatial and temporal scales. Yet these mobilities have only recently been examined and theorized as central to understanding the complexity and diversity of young people’s experiences. The collection of articles in this special issue presents a multiplicity of young people’s relationships to mobilities, particularly as they pursue post-secondary education and employment. The papers are concerned with: (a) the motivations for and expectations of imagined mobility (the innumerable reasons why youth choose, or are compelled, to move or stay), whether focused on the outmigration or inmigration of mobile youth; (b) the lived experiences that youth have in their mobility practices (focusing on multistranded relationships between places of origin and destination, or recognizing the temporality of that mobility); and (c) the value that these youth mobility studies have for policy issues and policy recommendations. The papers in this issue are case studies concerned with youth mobility prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. They use qualitative and quantitative methods, representing inter- and cross-disciplinary approaches from anthropology, sociology, education, communication, and rural development studies. They derive from a collaboration through the On the Move Partnership, an 8-year interdisciplinary research initiative with a key focus on young people’s employment- and education-related geographical mobilities in Canada.
THE COMPLEX MOBILITIES OF RURAL VERSUS URBAN YOUTH: MOBILITY INTO AND OUT OF THE PARENTAL HOME AND ONE’S COMMUNITY
Authors: Looker E. Dianne
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the options facing rural versus urban youth as they negotiate the complex mobilities of moving into adulthood. Specifically, it looks at the links between geographic mobility into and out of one’s home community, and mobility into and out of the parental home. Qualitative and numeric data from a longitudinal survey of 1200 youth provide insight into these transitions. Leaving the parental home is clearly a process rather than an event, and for many it is subjective and ambiguous. More rural youth than urban expected to leave both their parental home and their community, for education and work, and more in fact did leave, by age 19 and 22. This pattern reflects the often limited educational and work options in rural areas. Many youth returned to the parental home for varying lengths of time; again, more rural than urban youth followed this pattern. Urban youth more often have the option of staying close to home to pursue further education or find a job. The parental home serves as an important safety net for youth, especially those who may have been pushed to leave because of limited options nearby. Having the option of returning home gives youth an additional way of dealing with the challenges of their complex mobilities. The results confirm that the pressures on rural youth as they grapple with the mobilities options available to them are quite different than those on their urban counterparts. Thus, rural youth are more often faced with the complexities inherent in the links between social and spatial mobilities.
Dinner at Dinosaurland: Invention, Dialogue, & Solidarity in the Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Hoy Selena L. , Lea Jessica L. , Flynn Erin E.
Published: July 2021

This Ideas from Practice piece highlights a storytelling practice called story circles as a routine classroom practice with the potential to catalyze shared ideas in the classroom by spurring invention, dialogue, and invention. Examining the slow-growing unfolding of stories about the invented world of Dinosaurland, we illuminate the potential of the language of story as a way for children to sustain and develop ideas through sharing imagined worlds.
Пропозиції зі скорочення енерговитрат у локомотивному депо
Authors: Крашенінін О.С. , Одєгов М.М. , Березняк М.К. , Пивовар Д.І.
Published: July 2021

Енергетичне господарство локомотивного депо займає суттєву частку витрат на організацію функціонування інших господарств депо і локомотивного парку. В умовах подорожчання цін на енергоресурси перед локомотивним господарством депо постають актуальні завдання розроблення комплексу заходів щодо запровадження стратегії економії енерговитрат.

У статті аналізується динаміка технічного стану локомотивного парку і динаміка енерговитрат депо за кілька років. Зважаючи на це, намічено конкретні пропозиції з економії енерговитрат у локомотивному депо
Integrated Hotel Chains in Western Europe at the turn of the 21sl Century
Authors: Warszyńska Jadwiga
Published: July 2021

The second half of the 20lh C witnessed a dynamic development of tourism. Western European countries are, next to the United States, leaders of international tourism and have the best-developed system of integrated hotel chains. The article provides information about those West European hotel chains operating at the turn of the 21st C, the number of integrated chains, the number of hotels, their capacity, standard, influence, location and national status, and their role in the world hotel industry.
Anchoring Effects: Resolving the Contradictions of Personality Moderator Research
Authors:   , Röseler Lukas
Published: July 2021

Anchoring effects, that is, the attraction of numerical judgments toward a previously considered number, are among the most robust findings in social psychology. At the same time, explaining the effect and its nuances such as moderator effects has not yet been accomplished despite numerous different models of anchoring. During the past decade, personality moderators of anchoring effects have gained attention and replications of findings beyond the classical anchoring effects have been conducted. I summarize the state of personality moderator research on anchoring effects. I systematizing the eight most thoroughly investigated personality traits (Big Five, cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, and self-control) into three broad paths (exploratory, based on theories of judgment and decision making, and based on anchoring theories). Meta-analyses for each of the potential moderators revealed that there is currently no evidence of any personality moderator of anchoring. The most plausible reason for the absence of personality moderators is that individuals’ susceptibility to anchoring cannot be measured reliably. I discuss possible solutions, such as parameters derived from the anchoring and adjustment model. German Summary Ankereffekte (der Einfluss einer in Erwägung gezogenen Zahl auf nachfolgende numerische Schätzungen) gehören zu den robustesten Befunden der Sozialpsychologie. Gleichzeitig ist es bis jetzt trotz vieler Ankermodelle nicht gelungen, das Phänomen mit seinen Nuancen und Moderatoren zu erklären. Während der letzten 13 Jahre lag der Fokus der Forschung zu Ankereffekten auf den Zusammenhang zwischen der Anfälligkeit für Ankereffekte und Persönlichkeitseigenschaften. Ich fasse den Stand dieser Forschung systematisch zusammen, indem ich die acht am stärksten untersuchten Persönlichkeitseigenschaften (Big Five, Intelligenz, kognitive Reflexion, und Selbstkontrolle) in drei Forschungsprogramme (exploratorische Forschung, Forschung basierend auf Modellen des Entscheidens und Urteilen, und Forschung basierend auf Ankermodellen) zusammenfasse. Meta-Analysen für alle acht Moderatoren ergaben, dass keiner von ihnen einen mit der Anfälligkeit für Ankereffekte zusammenhängt. Der dafür plausibelste Grund ist, dass die Anfälligkeit für Ankereffekt nicht reliabel gemessen werden kann. Ich diskutiere verschiedene Lösungen für dieses Reliabilitätsproblem, wie zum Beispiel die theoriebasierte Herleitung neuer Parameter.
Hezkuntza Berrikuntza Proiektuak Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatean. Proyectos de Innovación Educativa en la Universidad del País Vasco.
Authors: Ereñaga De Jesús Ainara , Rekalde-Rodriguez Itziar
Published: July 2021

Los Proyectos de Innovación Educativa (PIE) en la Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU) cuentan con una trayectoria de más de 15 años. Para comprender aspectos de este recorrido se analizan los temas, las líneas prioritarias de intervención y el idioma utilizado, así como la evolución de estos aspectos a lo largo de los años. Se ha utilizado el método de caso, y el análisis documental como técnica de recogida de datos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que se han realizado un total de 510 proyectos con 2.844 participaciones; el 52,16% abordan el tema del aprendizaje activo y autónomo, y la presencia del euskera representa el 8% de los proyectos. Se concluye que los PIE se han consolidado en la universidad como actividad de investigación sobre la propia práctica docente, abordando temas que demanda la sociedad actual pero el idioma para abordarlos sigue siendo el castellano.
Escucha creativa a través de la música programática. Una propuesta para fomentar la creatividad.
Authors: Curbelo González Óliver
Published: July 2021

Desde hace décadas se ha considerado la percepción auditiva como el elemento base de la educación musical. En concreto, la escucha musical creativa, aquella basada en el pensamiento divergente, ha sido calificada como la auténtica en la percepción musical. Sin embargo, gran parte de las actividades relacionadas con la educación auditiva han sido destinadas a identificar y discriminar elementos musicales (notas musicales, intervalos, acordes, melodías, etc.), dentro de lo que se conoce como pensamiento convergente. Mediante la implementación de la propuesta que se describe en el presente artículo, se han desarrollado una serie de habilidades basadas en la escucha y el pensamiento creativo, utilizando para ello las posibilidades descriptivas de la música programática.
Introduksi Produksi Gula Aren Kristal Pada Perajin Gula Suka Maju Desa Batu Ampar Kabupaten Tanah Laut
Authors: Susi Susi , Millati Tanwirul
Published: July 2021

The development of palm sugar into crystalline palm sugar has the potential to be developed in order to substitute white sugar where the fulfillment is still quite a lot imported. Therefore, to increase the food security of sugar, it can be done by utilizing local palm sugar resources. Palm sugar production technology is quite applicable to be applied in rural areas and can be made from palm sap or palm sugar. The introduction of the processing of crystal palm sugar was carried out in the Suka Maju LSPBM Group with the stages of counseling, production skills training, packaging, hygienic production to obtaining a PIRT legality as Health Office permit. The quality of crystal palm sugar produced from several quality parameters was achieved including the water content of crystal palm sugar ranging from 2.38-2.70%, ash content 0.85-0.99%, sugar content 86.72%, yellowish brown color and in the form of crystals or powder. The crystal palm sugar products produced was under the brand name Sehati. The constraint was limitation of marketing because this product at the local level was still known only for the purpose of making cakes, as well as for the more expensive price of white crystal sugar. Need coaching and better links with related network to open up a better market. From the results of the analysis of the business of producing crystal palm sugar, it is feasible to run with a profit value of Rp. 24,007,100,00, the value of BEP was 892 kg, profitability of 0.55 and business efficiency of Return Cost Ratio (R/C) of 1.55
MARC 21 формат для бібліографічних даних
Authors: Бруй Оксана , Малецька Олександра , Чорна Тетяна , Баньковська Ірина
Published: July 2021

У виданні надано методичні рекомендації щодо застосування формату MARC 21 для бібліографічних даних для створення бібліографічних записів в електронних каталогах бібліотек. Рекомендації складено з урахуванням міжнародного стандарту каталогізації в цифровому середовищі RDA – Опис та доступ до ресурсів (Resource Description & Access).
Discharge Plan to Promote Patient Safety and Shared Decision by a Multidisciplinary Team of Healthcare Professionals in a Respiratory Unit
Authors: Nnate Daniel A. , Barber David , Abaraogu Ukachukwu O.
Published: July 2021

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often require frequent hospitalization due to worsening symptoms. Preventing prolonged hospital stay and readmission becomes a challenge for healthcare professionals treating patients with COPD. Although the integration of health and social care supports greater collaboration and enhanced patient care, organizational structure and poor leadership may hinder the implementation of patient-oriented goals. This paper presents a case of a 64-years-old chronic smoker with severe COPD who was to be discharged on long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). It further highlights the healthcare decisions made to ensure the patient’s safety at home, and further provide a long-lasting solution to the existing medical and social needs. The goal was accomplished through a discharge plan that reflects multidisciplinary working, efficient leadership, and change management using Havelock’s theory. While COPD is characterized by frequent exacerbation and hospital readmission, it was emphasized that most failed discharges could be attributed to bureaucratic organizational workflow which might not be in the patient’s best interest. It was further demonstrated that healthcare professionals are likely to miss the window of opportunity to apply innovative and long-lasting solutions to the patient’s health condition in an attempt to remedy the immediate symptoms of COPD.
Systematic Review of the Effects of a Dietary Education Intervention on Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Ju Ri , Hur Myung-haeng
Published: July 2021

As the incidence and prevalence of diabetes increases, intervention through dietary education is becoming more important for diabetes control. This systematic review aimed to confirm the ef-fect of dietary intervention education on diabetes control. The study subjects were type 2 diabet-ic patients, and the main outcome variable was glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbA1c). The target studies were randomized controlled trials. Thirty-six studies were included in the analysis, of which 33 were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size between the dietary education and general intervention, was -0.42 (n=5,639, MD=-0.42; 95% CI -0.53 to -0.31) and was signifi-cantly different (Z=7.73, P<.001). When subgroup analyses were performed following the appli-cation periods, intervention methods, and intervention contents, the mean differences in 4–6-month application, individual education, diet-exercise-psychosocial intervention were -0.51, (n=2,742, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.32), -0.63 (n=627, 95% CI -1.00 to -0.26), and -0.51 (n=3.244, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.32), respectively. Dietary education interventions provided for at least 3 months were highly effective in controlling blood sugar levels. Regarding the education method, individual-ized education was more effective, and for this, contact or non-contact education may be applied. Combining diet, exercise, and psychosocial intervention is more effective than diet education alone.