bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Active Control of Shimmy in Articulated Single-Axle Straddle-Type Monorail Train
Authors: Song Jiachen , Zhang Liwei , Zhu Dongjin , Liang Hui
Published: November 2024

The articulated single-axle straddle-type monorail train has many unique advantages, making it the preferred choice for medium-capacity urban rail transit. However, the issue of vehicle shimmy greatly restricts its promotion and application. In response to this issue, an active suspension control scheme is proposed, and the corresponding control algorithm is designed. Considering economic and feasible factors, a modification plan for the single-axle bogie without changing the original structure is proposed. A closed-loop feedback control strategy with lateral velocity and yaw rate as control objectives is designed, and a 114 degree-of-freedom dynamic model of a monorail train is established. Taking the skyhook damping control as the reference model, the SH-SMC (skyhook-sliding mode control) active control scheme is designed based on the sliding mode control theory. Considering practical applications, the control force distribution algorithm is further proposed. Through co-simulation of UM and Matlab, different control schemes are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the SH-SMC active control scheme is more effective in suppressing the shimmy of single-axle monorail train, verifying the effectiveness of the SH-SMC active control scheme. It is of great significance for the further promotion and application of single-axle monorail trains in more cities.
Blood Glucose Concentration Prediction Based on Double Decomposition and Deep Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by Nonlinear Marine Predator Algorithm
Authors: Shen Yang , Li Deyi , Wang Wenbo , Dong Xu
Published: November 2024

Continuous glucose monitoring data have strong time variability as well as complex non-stationarity and nonlinearity. The existing blood glucose concentration prediction models often overlook the impacts of residual components after multi-scale decomposition on prediction accuracy. To enhance the prediction accuracy, a new short-term glucose prediction model that integrates the double decomposition technique, nonlinear marine predator algorithm (NMPA) and deep extreme learning machine (DELM) is proposed. First of all, the initial blood glucose data are decomposed by variational mode decomposition (VMD) to reduce its complexity and non-stationarity. To make full use of the decomposed residual component, the time-varying filter empirical mode decomposition (TVF-EMD) is utilized to decompose the component, and further realize complete decomposition. Then, the NMPA algorithm is utilized to optimize the weight parameters of the DELM network to avoid any fluctuations in prediction performance, and all the decomposed subsequences are predicted separately. Finally, the output results of each model are superimposed to acquire the predicted value of blood sugar concentration. Using actual collected blood glucose concentration data for predictive analysis, the results of three patients show the following: (i) The double decomposition strategy effectively reduces the complexity and volatility of the original sequence and the residual component. Making full use of the important information implied by the residual component has the best decomposition effect; (ii) The NMPA algorithm optimizes DELM network parameters, which can effectively enhance the predictive capabilities of the network and acquire more precise predictive results; (iii) The model proposed in this paper can achieve a high prediction accuracy of 45 min in advance, and the root mean square error values are 5.2095, 4.241 and 6.3246, respectively. Compared with the other eleven models, it has the best prediction accuracy.
A New Inclusion on Inequalities of the Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer Type for Three-Times Differentiable Functions
Authors: Hussain Talib , Ciurdariu Loredana , Grecu Eugenia
Published: November 2024

The goal of this study is to develop numerous Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer (H–H–M)-type inequalities involving various fractional integral operators, including classical, Riemann–Liouville (R.L), k-Riemann–Liouville (k-R.L), and their generalized fractional integral operators. In addition, we establish a number of corresponding fractional integral inequalities for three-times differentiable convex functions that are connected to the right side of the H–H–M-type inequality. For these results, further remarks and observations are provided. Following that, a couple of graphical representations are shown to highlight the key findings of our study. Finally, some applications on special means are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of our inequalities.
Notes on Cooperstein Ovoids in Finite Geometries of Type 𝖤6,1
Authors: Van Maldeghem Hendrik
Published: November 2024

A Cooperstein ovoid is a set of q8+q4+1 pairwise non-collinear points in the Lie incidence geometry E6,1(q). They were introduced by Cooperstein twenty-six years ago, motivated by the fact that possible non-existence of them would imply non-existence of ovoids in hyperbolic quadrics of rank 5. Since then, no progress has been made on their existence question. We prove that Cooperstein ovoids do not exist under some natural additional conditions. In particular, Cooperstein ovoids intersecting every symplecton of E6,1(q) do not exist, Cooperstein ovoids which are the fixed points of a collineation do not exist, and Cooperstein ovoids which are the absolute points of a polarity of E6,1(q) do not exist.
An M/G/1 Queue with Repeated Orbit While in Service
Authors: Hanukov Gabi , Barron Yonit , Yechiali Uri
Published: November 2024

Orbit and retrial queues have been studied extensively in the literature. A key assumption in most of these works is that customers “go to orbit” when they are blocked upon arrival. However, real-life situations exist in which customers opt to go to orbit to efficiently use their orbit time rather than residing dormant at the service station while waiting for their service to be completed. This paper studies such a system, extending the scope of traditional orbit and retrial queues. We consider an M/G/1 queue where customers repeatedly go to orbit while their service remains in progress. That is, if a customer’s service is not completed by within a specified “patience time”, the customer goes to orbit for a random “orbit time”. When the customer orbits, the server continues rendering her/his service. If, on return, the service is already completed, the customer leaves the system. Otherwise, s/he waits for another patience time. This policy is repeated until service completion. We analyze such an intricate system by applying the supplementary variable technique and using Laplace–Stieltjes transforms. Performance measures are derived, and a comparison analysis is provided between various service time distributions.
Tricomplex Fibonacci Numbers: A New Family of Fibonacci-Type Sequences
Authors: Costa Eudes A. , Catarino Paula M. M. C. , Monteiro Francival S. , Souza Vitor M. A. , Santos Douglas C.
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we define a novel family of arithmetic sequences associated with the Fibonacci numbers. Consider the ordinary Fibonacci sequence {fn}n∈N0 having initial terms f0=0, and f1=1 and recurrence relation fn=fn−1+fn−2(n≥2). In many studies, authors worked on the generalizations of integer sequences in different ways, some by preserving the initial terms, others by preserving the recurrence relation, and some for numeric sets other than positive integers. Here, we will follow the third path. So, in this article, we study a new extension tfn∗, with initial terms tf0∗=(f0∗,f1∗,f2∗) and tf1∗=(f1∗,f2∗,f3∗), which is generated by the recurrence relation tfn∗=tfn−1∗+tfn−2∗(n≥2), the Fibonacci-type sequence. The aim of this paper is to define Tricomplex Fibonacci numbers as an extension of the Fibonacci sequence and to examine some of their properties such as the recurrence relation, summation formula and generating function, and some classical identities.
One Class of Ideally Secret Autonomous Symmetric Ciphering Systems Based on Wiretap Polar Codes
Authors: Milosavljević Milan , Radomirović Jelica , Unkašević Tomislav , Božilović Boško
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a class of symmetric ciphering systems with a finite secret key, which provides ideal secrecy, autonomy in key generation and distribution, and robustness against the probabilistic structure of messages (the Ideally Secret Autonomous Robust (ISAR) system). The ISAR system is based on wiretap polar codes constructed over an artificial wiretap channel with a maximum secrecy capacity of 0.5. The system autonomously maintains a minimum level of key equivocation by continuously refreshing secret keys without additional key generation and distribution infrastructure. Moreover, it can transform any stream ciphering system with a finite secret key of known length into an ISAR system without knowing and/or changing its algorithm. Therefore, this class of system strongly supports privacy, a critical requirement for contemporary security systems. The ISAR system’s reliance on wiretap polar coding for strong secrecy ensures resistance to passive known plaintext attacks. Furthermore, resistance to passive attacks on generated refreshing keys follows directly from ideal secrecy and autonomy. The results presented offer an efficient methodology for synthesizing this class of systems with predetermined security margins and a complexity of the order of nlog⁡n, where n is the block length of the applied polar code.
An Improved Hybrid Genetic-Hierarchical Algorithm for the Quadratic Assignment Problem
Authors: Misevičius Alfonsas , Andrejevas Aleksandras , Ostreika Armantas , Verenė Dovilė , Žekienė Gintarė
Published: November 2024

In this paper, an improved hybrid genetic-hierarchical algorithm for the solution of the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is presented. The algorithm is based on the genetic search combined with the hierarchical (hierarchicity-based multi-level) iterated tabu search procedure. The following are two main scientific contributions of the paper: (i) the enhanced two-level hybrid primary (master)-secondary (slave) genetic algorithm is proposed; (ii) the augmented universalized multi-strategy perturbation (mutation process)—which is integrated within a multi-level hierarchical iterated tabu search algorithm—is implemented. The proposed scheme enables efficient balance between intensification and diversification in the search process. The computational experiments have been conducted using QAP instances of sizes up to 729. The results from the experiments with the improved algorithm demonstrate the outstanding performance of the new proposed approach. This is especially obvious for the small- and medium-sized instances. Nearly 90% of the runs resulted in (pseudo-)optimal solutions. Three new best-known solutions have been achieved for very hard, challenging QAP instances.
Enhancing Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Using Adaptive Feature Weight Genetic Explanation (AFWGE) with Pearson Correlation to Identify Crucial Feature Groups
Authors: AlJalaud Ebtisam , Hosny Manar
Published: November 2024

The ‘black box’ nature of machine learning (ML) approaches makes it challenging to understand how most artificial intelligence (AI) models make decisions. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to provide analytical techniques to understand the behavior of ML models. XAI utilizes counterfactual explanations that indicate how variations in input features lead to different outputs. However, existing methods must also highlight the importance of features to provide more actionable explanations that would aid in the identification of key drivers behind model decisions—and, hence, more reliable interpretations—ensuring better accuracy. The method we propose utilizes feature weights obtained through adaptive feature weight genetic explanation (AFWGE) with the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) to determine the most crucial group of features. The proposed method was tested on four real datasets with nine different classifiers for evaluation against a nonweighted counterfactual explanation method (CERTIFAI) and the original feature values’ correlation. The results show significant enhancements in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score for most datasets and classifiers; this indicates the superiority of the feature weights selected via AFWGE with the PCC over CERTIFAI and the original data values in determining the most important group of features. Focusing on important feature groups elaborates the behavior of AI models and enhances decision making, resulting in more reliable AI systems.
Application of Complex Fuzzy Relational Compositions to Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Gulzar Muhammad , Ashraf Samina , Kerre Etienne E.
Published: November 2024

The capability of complex fuzzy sets plays a valuable role in resolving many real-life problems. In this paper, we present the compositions of complex fuzzy relations by using the idea of implication operators and max-product compositions of complex fuzzy relations and illustrate these compositions with concrete examples. The converse of these newly invented triangular compositions in terms of compositions of the converse relations is also defined. We also study the interactions with the union and intersection. The main goal of this article is to present a new technique to enhance medical diagnostic models that can assist in improving the features of healthcare systems. We utilize these compositions to diagnose diseases in patients on the basis of the intensity of symptoms.
Networking Microcontrollers and Balancing the Load on the Service Servers to Enhance the Fault Tolerance of the IoT Networks
Authors: Jammalamadaka Sastry Kodanda Rama , Chokra Bhupati , Jammalamadaka Sasi Bhanu , Duvvuri Balakrishna Kamesh
Published: November 2024

Different types of faults occur in different layers of IoT networks, which affect their fault tolerance. The Controller and Services layers are the weakest links in an IoT network, and any failure in these layers drastically reduces its fault tolerance. The flow of transactions in these layers is also very heavy, requiring load balancing. The major challenge is to retain the maximum Fault tolerance of the IoT network in the presence of failures and varying load conditions in these Layers. This paper proposes a combination of Embedded system networking and a specialised networking of microcontrollers with Service Servers, and a Middleware within the Microcontrollers for load-balancing transactions in different communication paths. These implementations help retain the highest fault tolerance of the IoT network. The fault tolerance of an IoT is improved by 8% due to these proposed implementations.
On the Range of Arithmetic Means of the Fractional Parts of Harmonic Numbers
Authors: Dubickas Artūras
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the limit points of the sequence of arithmetic means 1n∑m=1n{Hm}σ for n=1,2,3,… are studied, where Hm is the mth harmonic number with fractional part {Hm} and σ is a fixed positive constant. In particular, for σ=1, it is shown that the largest limit point of the above sequence is 1/(e−1)=0.581976…, its smallest limit point is 1−log(e−1)=0.458675…, and all limit points form a closed interval between these two constants. A similar result holds for the sequence 1n∑m=1nf({Hm}), n=1,2,3,…, where f(x)=xσ is replaced by an arbitrary absolutely continuous function f in [0,1].
Practical Security of Continuous Variable Measurement- Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Local Oscillator
Authors: Guo Yewei , Zhang Hang , Guo Ying
Published: November 2024

Continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) can remove the feasible side-channel attacks on detectors based on the accurate Bell-state measurement (BSM), where an optical amplitude modulator (AM) plays a crucial role in managing the intensity of the transmitted light pulse. However, the AM-involved practical security has remained elusive as the operating frequency of the AM usually determines the actual secret key rate of the CV-MDI-QKD system. We find that an imperfect pulse generated from the AM at high speed can lead to a challenge to the practical security as a minor intensity change of the light pulse can bring about a potential information leakage. Taking advantage of this flaw, we suggest an attack strategy targeting the embedded AM in CV-MDI-QKD without sending the local oscillator (LO). This attack can damage the AM and thus decrease the estimated secret key rate of the system even when the orthogonal local LO (LLO) scheme is carried out. To assess the practical security risk resulting from the leaked information from the AM, we conduct numerical simulations to demonstrate the influence of the AM on the CVMDI-QKD system.
Advances in Mathematical Models for AI-Based News Analytics
Authors: Sufi Fahim
Published: November 2024

The exponential growth of digital news sources presents a critical challenge in efficiently processing and analyzing vast datasets to derive actionable insights. This paper introduces a GPT-based news analytics system that addresses this issue using advanced mathematical modeling and AI techniques. Over a 405-day period, the system processed 1,033,864 news articles, categorizing 90.67% into 202 subcategories across 11 main categories. The system achieved an average precision of 0.924, recall of 0.920, and F1-score of 0.921 in event correlation analysis and demonstrated a fast average execution time of 21.38 s per query, enabling near-real time analysis. The system critically analyzes semantic relationships between events, allowing for robust event correlation analysis, with precision and recall reaching up to 1.000 for specific pairs such as “UFO” and “Cyber”. Using dimensional augmentation, probabilistic feature extraction, and a semantic knowledge graph, the system provides robust event relationships for modeling unstructured news reports. Additionally, the integration of spectral residual and convolutional neural networks helps to identify anomalies in time-series news data with 85% sensitivity. Unlike existing solutions reported in the literature, the proposed system introduces a unified mathematical framework for large-scale news analytics, seamlessly integrating advanced methods such as large language models, knowledge graphs, anomaly detection, and event correlation to deliver fast and efficient performance. This scientifically novel and scalable framework offers a transformative approach to solving the pressing problem of news analytics, offering significant value to researchers, policymakers, and media analysts.
Triglochin maritima Extracts Exert Anti-Melanogenic Properties via the CREB/MAPK Pathway in B16F10 Cells
Authors: Lee Won-Hwi , Ha Yuna , Park Jeong-In , Joh Won Bae , Park Mira , Kim Jang Kyun , Jeon Hee-Kyung , Kim Youn-Jung
Published: November 2024

Triglochin maritima, a salt-tolerant plant, has demonstrated antioxidant effects, the ability to prevent prostate enlargement, antifungal properties, and skin moisturizing benefits. This study aimed to explore the anti-melanogenic potential of the 70% ethanol extract of T. maritima (TME) along with its ethyl acetate (TME-EA) and water (TME-A) fractions. TME (10–200 µg/mL), TME-EA (1–15 µg/mL), and TME-A (100–1000 µg/mL) were prepared and applied to B16F10 cells with or without α-MSH for 72 h. MTT assays were used to assess cytotoxicity, and anti-melanogenesis activity was determined by measuring melanin content, conducting a tyrosinase activity assay, and evaluating the expression of melanogenesis-related genes and proteins via RT-PCR and Western blotting. HPLC-PDA was used to analyze TME and TME-EA. The IC20 cytotoxicity values of TME, TME-A, and TME-EA without α-MSH, were 198.426 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL, and 18.403 μg/mL, respectively. TME and TME-EA significantly decreased melanin and tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells, with TME-EA showing comparable effects to arbutin, while TME-A showed no influence. TME-EA down-regulated melanogenesis genes (Tyr, Trp1, Dct, Mitf, Mc1r) and reduced CREB, p-38, and JNK phosphorylation while increasing ERK phosphorylation, suggesting the CREB/MAPK pathway’s role in the anti-melanogenic effect. Luteolin was identified as a potential active ingredient. TME-EA may serve as an effective cosmeceutical for hyperpigmentation improvement due to its anti-melanogenic properties.
Obesity Is an Independent Prognostic Factor That Reduced Pathological Complete Response in Operable Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Guliyev Murad , Alan Özkan , Günaltılı Murat , Safarov Shamkhal , Fidan Mehmet Cem , Alkan Şen Gülin , Değerli Ezgi , Papila Berrin , Demirci Nebi Serkan , Papila Çiğdem
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer (BC) and associated poorer outcomes. A pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) correlates with improved long-term prognosis in BC patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive effect of obesity on achieving pCR following NACT. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients with operable BC who were treated with NACT. Patients were categorized based on their pre-chemotherapy body mass index (BMI), including non-obese (<30 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2) groups, and pathological responses to NACT were compared. Results: A total of 191 female patients were included in this study; of these, 83 (43.4%) were obese and 108 (56.6%) were in the non-obese group. Obesity was more common in postmenopausal patients, and the median age of obese patients was significantly higher compared to non-obese patients. Patients in the obese group demonstrated significantly lower pCR rates compared to the non-obese group (30% vs. 45%, p = 0.03). The histological subtype assessment indicated that only in the HR-positive/HER2-negative patients was the pCR rate significantly lower in the obese group compared to the non-obese group (11% vs. 27%, p = 0.05). According to menopausal assessment, a significant difference in pCR rates was observed only among postmenopausal patients, with rates of 29% in the obese group compared to 52% in the non-obese group (p = 0.03). In logistic regression analysis, obesity (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28–0.97; p = 0.04) and a low Ki-67 score (HR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.37–5.53; p = 0.003) were independently associated with a decreased rate of pCR. Conclusions: The impact of obesity on achieving pCR in BC patients undergoing NACT remains controversial. Our study revealed that obesity was an independently significant negative predictive factor for achieving pCR.
Fabrication of Papillary Composite Microstructured Aluminum Surfaces by Laser Shock Imprinting and Ablation
Authors: Shen Zongbao , Xu Qizhi , Yu Yansong , Liu Dong , Ji Jie
Published: November 2024

Laser shock ablation is incorporated into laser shock imprinting for the fabrication of papillary composite microstructures on aluminum surfaces. The primary papillary structures are fabricated using laser shock imprinting. Subsequently, secondary structures were fabricated on the surface of these primary structures using laser shock ablation, forming composite papillary microstructures. The influence of various laser shock ablation process parameters on the formation effect of these papillary composite microstructure surfaces was investigated. The results indicate that both laser shock energy and shock frequency affect the integrity of the secondary microstructure coverage on the material surface, the height of the composite microstructure, and the surface morphology. Through comparative optimization, the optimal process parameters were determined to be 675 mJ of energy and one shock ablation. Additionally, the differences in the flow behavior of metallic materials between the center and the periphery of the beam spot, caused by the shock wave, were analyzed. The wettability of the composite microstructure aluminum surface was also explored. The variation mechanism of wettability was explained by detecting changes in the contact angle on the aluminum surface at different time intervals and analyzing changes in surface chemical composition before and after aging. Specifically, after laser shock ablation, the aluminum surface contains a large number of polar groups, making it hydrophilic. During aging treatment, these polar groups continuously adsorb non-polar alkyl organic compounds, eventually leading to hydrophobicity, with a stabilized average surface contact angle of 143°. Fluorination treatment can further achieve superhydrophobicity, with a contact angle of 151° achieved shortly after processing the composite microstructure aluminum surface.
Finite Element Numerical Simulation and Repair Process of Laser Cladding Repair of Surface Cracks on Mechanical Parts
Authors: Yu Shuangyang , Chong Qi , Zhou Jianzhu , Yang Youwen , Li Hua
Published: November 2024

This study focuses on the planetary gear reducer and employs ANSYS 13.0 software to perform thermo-mechanical coupled simulations for the laser cladding repair process, aiming to address gear failure caused by cracks. The optimal theoretical repair parameters were determined based on temperature and stress field analyses, and performance testing of the cladding layer was conducted to validate the feasibility of the selected parameters. The results suggest that a laser power of 140 W and a scanning speed of 8 mm/s represent the optimal theoretical parameters for the laser cladding repair of the gear workpiece. Tensile strength tests revealed that the cladding layer’s maximum tensile strength reached 1312.80 MPa, which was 1.22 times higher than that of the substrate material. Additionally, the wear resistance tests indicated that the wear loss of the cladding layer under the optimized parameters reduced from 9.3 mg for the base material to 0.5 mg, demonstrating excellent wear resistance. Thus, the mechanical properties of the cladding layer were significantly enhanced compared to the base material under these theoretical process parameters.
Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Transporters: Ubiquitous Multifaceted Proteins in Microbes, Plants, and Their Interactions
Authors: Pastacaldi Chiara , Gaudioso Dario , Tegli Stefania
Published: November 2024

In recent years, membrane transporters have attracted considerable interest regarding their involvement in the molecular dialogue occurring between microbes and their hosts. In particular, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporters form a family of integral membrane proteins, mainly involved in the efflux of toxic and xenobiotic compounds. They are present in all living organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, where they have a wide array of extremely different roles. In plants, MATE proteins are involved in many important physiological processes, such as plant development, as well as the active transport of several secondary metabolites. In microorganisms, they are mainly implicated in the efflux of toxic compounds and thus contribute to drug resistance. Conversely, information about the actual role of MATE transporters in the interaction between plants and microorganisms, including phytopathogens, is still limited, according to the number of publications available on this topic. Indeed, an understanding of their roles in the plant–pathogen interaction could be essential to increase the knowledge of their molecular conversation and to provide data for the design and development of innovative and sustainable anti-infective strategies to control and manage plant pathogens.
Targeted Variant Assessments of Human Endogenous Retroviral Regions in Whole Genome Sequencing Data Reveal Retroviral Variants Associated with Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Stricker Erik , Peckham-Gregory Erin C. , Lai Stephen Y. , Sandulache Vlad C. , Scheurer Michael E.
Published: November 2024

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the fastest-growing cancers worldwide, lacking established causal factors or validated early diagnostics. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), comprising 8% of human genomes, have potential as PTC biomarkers due to their comparably high baseline expression in healthy thyroid tissues, indicating homeostatic roles. However, HERV regions are often overlooked in genome-wide association studies because of their highly repetitive nature, low sequence coverage, and decreased sequencing quality. Using targeted whole-genome sequence analysis in conjunction with high sequencing depth to overcome methodological limitations, we identified associations of specific HERV variants with PTC. Analyzing WGS data from 138 patients with PTC generated through The Cancer Genome Atlas project and 2015 control samples from the 1000 Genomes Project, we examined the mutational variation in HERVs within a 20 kb radius of known cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) differentially expressed in PTC. We discovered 15 common and 13 rare germline HERV variants near or within 20 CPGs that distinguish patients with PTC from healthy controls. We identified intragenic–intronic HERV variants within RYR2, LRP1B, FN1, MET, TCRVB, UNC5D, TRPM3, CNTN5, CD70, RYR1, RUNX1, CRLF2, and PCDH1X, and three variants downstream of SERPINA1 and RUNX1T1. Sanger sequencing analyses of 20 thyroid and 5 non-thyroid cancer cell lines confirmed associations with PTC, particularly for MSTA HERV-L variant rs200077102 within the FN1 gene and HERV-L MLT1A LTR variant rs78588384 within the CNTN5 gene. Variant rs78588384, in particular, was shown in our analyses to be located within a POL2 binding site regulating an alternative transcript of CNTN5. In addition, we identified 16 variants that modified the poly(A) region in Alu elements, potentially altering the potential to retrotranspose. In conclusion, this study serves as a proof-of-concept for targeted variant analysis of HERV regions and establishes a basis for further exploration of HERVs in thyroid cancer development.
Highly Targeted Detection of Priority Phytopathogen Pectobacterium brasiliense: From Obtaining Polyclonal Antibodies to Development and Approbation of Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Lateral Flow Immunoassay
Authors: Safenkova Irina V. , Galushka Pavel A. , Varitsev Yuri A. , Kamionskaya Maria V. , Drenova Natalia V. , Vasilyeva Anna A. , Zherdev Anatoly V. , Uskov Alexander I. , Dzantiev Boris B.
Published: November 2024

Pectobacterium brasiliense is a bacterial phytopathogen that causes soft and black rot and actively spreads worldwide. Our study is the first development of immunoassays for detecting P. brasiliense. We immunized rabbits and obtained serum with an extremely high titer (1:108). Isolated polyclonal antibodies were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 18 closely related strains and 5 non-related bacterial pathogens. No cross-reactivity was found concerning the tested pathogens. The ELISA of P. brasiliense was developed in a double-antibody sandwich format with a detection limit of 1.5 × 104 cells/mL. A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for P. brasiliense was also developed in a double-antibody sandwich format with a detection limit of 1 × 105 cells/mL. The results of P. brasiliense cells testing with LFIA in plant matrix showed a high correlation (R2 = 0.932) between concentrations of added and revealed cells. When testing potato seed material, ELISA and LFIA confirmed 75 and 66% of positive samples according to real-time PCR, respectively. For negative samples, ELISA showed 84% coincidence, and LFIA coincided with PCR for 89% of samples. Thus, the developed immunoassays can be used to evaluate plant material in poorly equipped conditions or under field testing.
Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Bacillus thuringiensis Affect the Growth of the Invasive Plant Ageratina adenophora and Its Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore Procecidochares utilis
Authors: Du Ewei , Li Pengcun , Zhao Wenyuan , Luo Rongchao , Chen Yaping , Lu Minghong , Sun Zhongxiang , Gui Furong
Published: November 2024

Exotic plants can selectively recruit beneficial microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and Bacillus spp., during their invasion process to enhance growth and competitiveness by improving nutrient absorption and strengthening defense capabilities against herbivores. However, research in the context of invasive plants remains limited. In this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different treatments on the growth and defense of Ageratina adenophora. The treatments included no inoculation, inoculation with Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Claroideoglomus etunicatum, CE), dual inoculation with BT and CE (BT + CE), and the presence or absence of Procecidochares utilis. The results showed that both CE and BT + CE significantly enhanced nutrient concentration and promoted the growth of A. adenophora. The aboveground biomass increased by 35.48 and 53.38% under non-parasitism and by 68.03% and 103.72% under the parasitism of P. utilis for these two treatments, respectively. In comparison to the control P. utilis-parasitized A. adenophora, the BT, CE, and BT + CE treatments significantly increased protective enzyme activity, jasmonic acid concentration, and secondary metabolites. Our study indicates that the recruitment of B. thuringiensis in the rhizosphere of A. adenophora can enhance its defense ability, while C. etunicatum improved both growth and defense ability. The interaction effects of these two microorganisms enhances the regulation of growth and defense ability of A. adenophora against P. utilis parasitism, providing insights into the feedback effects of beneficial microorganisms on the interactions between invasive plants and biological control.
Lung Microbiome in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lucaciu Sergiu-Remus , Domokos Bianca , Puiu Ruxandra , Ruta Victoria , Motoc Stefania Nicoleta , Rajnoveanu Ruxandra , Todea Doina , Stoia Anca Mirela , Man Adina Milena
Published: November 2024

To date, the percentage composition of the lung microbiome in bronchopulmonary cancer has not been summarized. Existing studies on identifying the lung microbiome in bronchopulmonary cancer through 16S rRNA sequencing have shown variable results regarding the abundance of bacterial taxa. Objective: To identify the predominant bacterial taxa at the phylum and genus levels in bronchopulmonary cancer using samples collected through bronchoalveolar lavage and to determine a potential proportional pattern that could contribute to the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary cancer. Data Sources: A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Search terms included lung microbiome, lung cancer, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Study Selection: Studies that investigated the lung microbiome in bronchopulmonary cancer with samples collected via bronchoalveolar lavage. Data Extraction: Independent extraction of articles using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. Data Synthesis: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on those that utilized a percentage expression of the microbiome at the phylum or genus level. There was noted heterogeneity between studies, both in terms of phylum and genus, with a relatively constant percentage of the Firmicutes phylum and the genera Streptococcus and Veillonella being mentioned. Significant differences were also observed regarding the inclusion criteria for study participants, the method of sample collection, and data processing. Conclusions: To date, there is no consistent percentage pattern at the phylum or genus level in bronchopulmonary cancer, with the predominance of a phylum or genus varying across different patient cohorts, resulting in non-overlapping outcomes.
Involvement of Campylobacter Species in Spotty Liver Disease-like Lesions in Broiler Chickens Detected at Meat Inspections in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Jiarpinitnun Piyarat , Iwakiri Akira , Fuke Naoyuki , Pongsawat Pornsawan , Miyanishi Chizuru , Sasaki Satomi , Taniguchi Takako , Matsui Yuto , Luangtongkum Taradon , Yamada Kentaro , Misawa Naoaki
Published: November 2024

Spotty liver disease (SLD) affects free-range laying hens, leading to mortality and reduced egg production. Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter hepaticus, have been associated with SLD cases worldwide. However, the cause of SLD-like lesions found in broilers in Japan still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of Campylobacter spp. in broiler SLD by conducting microbiological, molecular biological, serological, histopathological, and immunohistopathological examinations using specimens of liver, bile, cecum, and serum from SLD-like and non-SLD chickens. C. jejuni was predominantly isolated and detected in approximately 40% of both non-SLD livers and SLD-like livers, with no significant difference between them. However, C. hepaticus was neither isolated nor detected in this study. Gross and histopathology revealed multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, suppurative granulomatous hepatitis, and cholangiohepatitis. Hepatitis stages are classified as no hepatitis, subclinical, acute, and chronic hepatitis. C. jejuni was more frequently present in acute-stage SLD-like livers, and high IgG antibody levels were noted in both subclinical and SLD-like-affected chickens, indicating C. jejuni infection. Immunohistochemical examination also supported these findings. The findings suggest that C. hepaticus was not involved in SLD-like in broilers in Japan, but C. jejuni translocation from the intestines to the liver may be a contributing factor.
Microplastic Interference with Fipronil Toxicity to Zebrafish Embryonic Development
Authors: Tominaga Flavio Kiyoshi , Brito Rafaella Silva , dos Santos Isis Wanessa Ferreira , Valle Amanda de Azevedo , Giannocco Gisele , Maciel Rui Monteiro de Barros , Kummrow Fábio , Souza Marilia Cristina Oliveira , Luchiari Ana Carolina , Pereira Bruno Fiorelini
Published: November 2024

Environmental contamination from mixtures of chemical substances and materials resulting from anthropogenic activities has adverse effects on aquatic biota. Fipronil (FP) is an insecticide widely used in agriculture and public health and is frequently detected in environmental compartments. Microplastics (MPs) represent another class of contaminants that have raised concerns due to their ability to adsorb pollutants, potentially acting as a vector. This study evaluated the influence of polyethylene microplastics on the toxicity of FP in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to aqueous suspension containing purified FP and the FP + MP mixtures for 120 h. Mortality, teratogenicity and cardiotoxicity were observed during the zebrafish development. Larvae were more sensitive to FP than the embryo. The presence of MPs reduced lethality; however, no significant changes were observed for sublethal endpoints. Our findings demonstrate the acute impact of FP on zebrafish embryos/larvae, demonstrating that MPs interfere with toxicity. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of interaction between contaminants of different classes is essential for predicting the associated risks to biota.
Exploring Music-Based Interventions for Executive Functioning and Emotional Well-Being in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pfeiffer Camila F. , Magee Wendy L. , Fülöp Rebecca , Nace Travis C. , Castro Candela , Iturri Agustina , Franceschi Jimena , Echauri Gabriela , Gassull Liliana , Russo María Julieta
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability with life-long implications requiring assessment and treatment of several functional domains. This review identifies the results from research into music-based interventions (MBIs), including music therapy (MT), for executive functions (EFs) and emotional well-being (EWB) in adults with stroke and highlights opportunities for clinical practice and future research. Methods: APA PsycInfo (EBSCOhost), and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) were searched, in addition to grey literature. Results: A total of 49 studies were included and encompassed experimental, analytic, and descriptive observational studies, and case reports, involving a total of 1663 participants. In total, 32 studies included MT interventions, and 17 were MBIs. EFs were an outcome in 20.41%, and EWB in 61.22% of studies, for which active interventions were the most utilized. Overall, 73.47% of the studies reported positive results. Conclusions: This scoping review indicates that music interventions can be beneficial for the improvement of different aspects of EFs and EWB at different stages of stroke recovery. Further research may benefit clinical practice by including standardized protocols, outcome and self-reported measures, and brain imaging data to determine the effects of interventions and support evidence-based decisions for treatment policies for stroke survivors.
Breast Ironing from the Perspective of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cárdaba-García Rosa M. , Velasco-Gonzalez Veronica , Cárdaba-García Inés , Pérez-Pérez Lucía , Durantez-Fernández Carlos , Muñoz-del Caz Alba , Soto-Cámara Raúl , Aparicio-García Marta Evelia , Madrigal Miguel , Pérez Inmaculada
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: This article addresses the harmful traditional practice of breast ironing, which primarily affects girls and adolescents in several countries, particularly in Cameroon. The practice involves applying heat and pressure to developing breasts to delay their growth, with the goal of protecting girls from sexual abuse, early pregnancy, and forced marriages. While culturally accepted, breast ironing has severe physical, psychological, and social consequences, including damage to mammary glands, pain, infections, and potential long-term health complications. (2) Methods: A reflective analysis of the topic was conducted through a comprehensive search of various databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CINAHL) following narrative review methodology. (3) Results: The practice is also examined through the lens of human rights and Madeleine Leininger’s transcultural nursing theory, which promotes respect for cultural traditions in healthcare. However, the authors question whether such a theory can justify practices that violate women’s physical integrity. (4) Conclusions: This study concludes that while cultural beliefs must be considered in healthcare, human rights and the elimination of violent practices, such as breast ironing, must take precedence. Educational campaigns and a more punitive approach in countries where this practice occurs are proposed as essential steps forward.
Spatial Release from Masking for Small Spatial Separations Using Simulated Cochlear Implant Speech
Authors: Srinivasan Nirmal , McCannon SaraGrace , Patro Chhayakant
Published: November 2024

Background: Spatial release from masking (SRM) is the improvement in speech intelligibility when the masking signals are spatially separated from the target signal. Young, normal- hearing listeners have a robust auditory sys-tem that is capable of using the binaural cues even with a very small spatial separation between the target and the maskers. Prior studies exploring SRM through simulated cochlear implant (CI) speech have been completed using substantial spatial separations, exceeding 45° between the target signal and masking signals. Nevertheless, in re-al-world conversational scenarios, the spatial separation between the target and the maskers may be considerably less than what has been previously investigated. This study presents SRM data utilizing simulated CI speech with young, normal-hearing listeners, focusing on smaller but realistic spatial separations between the target and the maskers. Methods: Twenty-five young, normal-hearing listeners participated in this study. Speech identification thresholds, the target-to-masker ratio required to accurately identify 50% of the target words, were measured for both natural speech and simulated CI speech. Results: The results revealed that young, normal-hearing listeners had significantly higher speech identification thresholds when presented with simulated CI speech in comparison to natural speech. Furthermore, the amount of SRM was found to be greater for natural speech than for the simulated CI speech. Conclusions: The data suggests that young normal-hearing individuals are capable of utilizing the interaural level difference cues in the simulated cochlear implant signal to achieve masking release at reduced spatial separations between the target and the maskers, highlighting the auditory system’s capability to extract these interaural cues even in the presence of degraded speech signals.
Low-Timing Jitter Single-Frequency Pulse Output from a Passively Q-Switched Monolithic Non-Planar Ring Oscillator
Authors: Gao Mingwei , Ding Yibo , Wang Qing , Wang Lei , Gao Yuan , Gao Chunqing
Published: November 2024

A low-timing jitter passively Q-switched monolithic non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) with diffusion-bonded Cr4+: YAG in a single-frequency operation was realized. The pulse parameters were controlled by a Cr4+: YAG saturable absorber, while the single-frequency operation was ensured by the unidirectional ring cavity structure. The pulse trigger was actively provided by a gain switcher utilizing a composite pumping scheme. The dependence of the timing jitter between the output pulse and the trigger signal on the parameters of the composite pumping scheme was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Using this approach, we achieved a single-frequency pulsed laser output with a timing jitter of 14.568 ns (RMS) at a repetition rate of 100 Hz corresponding to a pulse width of 5.99 ns. This novel Q-switched monolithic NPRO, which integrates the benefits of both active and passive Q-switching, results in a simple and reliable structure that achieves a low-timing jitter single-frequency pulse output.
Investigation of Stereolithography Additively Manufactured Components for Deviations in Dimensional and Geometrical Features
Authors: Kalilayeva Aknur , Zhumashev Danial , Wei Dongming , Perveen Asma , Talamona Didier
Published: November 2024

The rapid investment casting (RIC) process requires a 3D-printed pattern to create a ceramic mold. Stereolithography (SLA) is a commonly used 3D printing method for pattern creation due to its ability to print complex shapes with smooth surfaces. The printing parameters can significantly affect the dimensional accuracy of the pattern. This study examines how different build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) affect the dimensional accuracy of parts produced using SLA. The specimens were printed using castable wax resin. They were measured to investigate the dimensional deviations using 3D scanning technology to understand the correlation between orientation and accuracy better. It was found that the orientation of the print affects the overall accuracy significantly. Parts printed at a 45° angle generally showed the smallest deviations from their nominal dimensions, except for certain features. For instance, cylindrical features showed deviations improving from −7.28% at 0° to −4.81% at 90°, while spherical features had deviations decreasing from −5.01% at 0° to −2.46% at 90°. Simple features, such as holes, exhibited minimal deviation across orientations, with the smallest error observed at 45° (1.98%). These results demonstrate different features and build orientations can affect the accuracy of the printed part differently. To ensure better accuracy, parts printed in different build orientations will require varying amounts of compensation during the design stage. By managing build orientations and controlling the inherent limitations of SLA, users can improve the print’s accuracy and meet quality standards more effectively. Research results can help industries optimize print settings and reduce dimensional errors.