bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Language revival
Authors: Gale Maryanne
Published: July 2023

This chapter reviews the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander language revival movement that is taking hold across much of Australia. First it takes an historical perspective, then overviews current language revival activities state by state. The current re-awakening of so many of Australia’s Indigenous languages is arguably one of the most exciting movements in Aboriginal Australia in the 21st century. This is particularly so if we remember that over two thirds of this country’s 250 distinct Indigenous languages were ‘eliminated’ after the arrival of the colonizers in 1788, and as few as a dozen Aboriginal languages are still being passed onto children as their first language. This growing language revival movement is particularly gratifying because it is accompanied by a cultural renaissance of music, song, and dance, which seems to be having a healing effect on Indigenous people themselves, as well as a reconciling effect on the nation.
Languages of the Kimberley region
Authors: Spronck Stef
Published: July 2023

The Kimberley region of Western Australia is one of the most linguistically diverse areas on the Australian continent, traditionally home to over 40 languages. This chapter introduces the history and sociolinguistic setting of the region and the body of linguistic research on Kimberley languages, which only dates back a little over a century. It surveys the five language families of the Kimberley region, viz. (from West to East) Nyulnyulan, Worrorran, Bunuban, Jarrakan, and Pama-Nyungan, and sketches the main aspects of their verbal, nominal, and morphosyntactic typology. This includes examples of complex verbs and inflection types, nominal classification and clause types. The chapter concludes with a discussion of speech styles and avoidance language in the Kimberley and highlights several questions for future research.
The Maningrida languages
Authors: Carew Margaret , Guerrero Beltran David Felipe
Published: July 2023

This chapter surveys the main grammatical characteristics of the Maningrida languages, a non-Pama-Nyungan language family from the Arnhem Land (Northern Territory). This region lies to the north of the Arnhem Land escarpment, east of the Liverpool River, and west of the Arafura wetland, the group consisting of Ndjébbana, Na-Kara, Gurr-goni, and Burarra/Gun-nartpa. Based on previous descriptions of these languages, we present an overview of this group in terms of genetic affiliation, phonology, nominal and verbal morphology, and syntax. Some salient features of Maningrida languages are direct vs. local case marking, multiple possession strategies, precontemporary vs. contemporary (that is, cyclic and metrical) tense systems, nominal groups, serial verb constructions, and light verb constructions. Currently, most of the Maningrida languages are severely endangered.
Living languages of Victoria
Authors: Eira K.
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces the languages of Victoria, particularly from the perspective of the present day. Due to colonization, all the languages of this region of Australia are now in revitalization mode, in various ways and to varying degrees. The languages are therefore simultaneously very ancient and very new, as people draw the essence and vitality of their languages and cultures into a radically changed context, releasing knowledge and revitalizing practices for the futures of their children. This chapter covers some broad baselines of Victorian languages—how they can be classified into families, the sources of language for research for both linguistic description and language revival purposes, and some typological tendencies in the languages as recorded. The chapter then sketches out the status of language in Victoria in terms of its practice—the value and purpose of language in the present day, current language revival activities, the systems and structures that support community language revival, and the emerging shape of the recreated languages.
The Bandjalangic languages and dialects
Authors: Sharpe Margaret
Published: July 2023

Bandjalangic or Yugambeh-Bundjalung is a conservative Pama-Nyungan language, spoken in the Northern Rivers area of NSW, out to Warwick in Qld, and covering the Gold Coast. It has no sign of what have been called ‘conjugations’ seen in other PN languages, but preserves 14 old irregular verbs, eight of which are also manifested in Proto--Gunwinyguan forms. It is also ‘aspect-prominent’ in its verb system, and it is suggested this is more widespread in Pama-Nyungan languages than has been recognized. It lacked a section system. Its alveolar/palatal obstruents collapse together in certain contexts, and this archiphoneme varies from a palatal stop through an interdental fricative to a voiced sibilant in different dialects. There are four short vowels and corresponding long vowels, length (symbolised /h/) being part of some affixes as well as its other occurrences. There were four genders, with masculine and feminine being marked in singular pronouns. Demonstratives show a distinction between visible and unseen/hidden items.
Ngumpin-Yapa languages
Authors: Meakins Felicity , Ennever Thomas , Osgarby David , Browne Mitch , Hamilton-Hollaway Amanda
Published: July 2023

Ngumpin-Yapa languages (Pama-Nyungan) are spoken in central Australia. The best documented languages are Warlpiri and Gurindji. Ngumpin-Yapa languages are agglutinating, exhibiting only suffixes and enclitics. Core arguments are both case-marked and cross-referenced by pronominal clitics which mark person and number features and are generally registered on a second position auxiliary. Nominals pattern according to an ergative-absolutive system and bound pronouns according to a nominative-accusative system. A complex predicate structure is present in all Ngumpin-Yapa languages but shows considerable diversity across this language family. A number of structural features of Ngumpin-Yapa languages have been influential in the formal syntactic literature, for example the identified properties of non-configurationality: (i) pragmatically determined word order, (ii) the possibility of discontinuous NPs, and (iii) null anaphora (i.e. the common omission of NPs coupled with the compulsory presence of bound pronouns). Ngumpin-Yapa languages have also played an important role in the language contact literature, particularly in our understanding of how mixed languages develop.
Phosphatidic acid regulates ammonium uptake by interacting with AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cao Hongwei , Liu Qingyun , Liu Xiao , Ma Zhaokun , Zhang Jixiu , Li Xuebing , Shen Like , Yuan Jingya , Zhang Qun
Published: July 2023

Ammonium (NH4+) is a key inorganic nitrogen source in cellular amino acid biosynthesis. The coupling of transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER (AMT) ensures that NH4+ acquisition by plant roots is properly balanced, which allows for rapid adaptation to a variety of nitrogen conditions. Here, we report that phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA) interacts with AMT1;1 to mediate NH4+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We examined pldα1 pldδ-knockout mutants and found that a reduced PA level increased seedling growth under nitrogen deficiency and inhibited root growth upon NH4+ stress, which was consistent with the enhanced accumulation of cellular NH4+. PA directly bound to AMT1;1 and inhibited its transport activity. Mutation of AMT1;1 R487 to Gly (R487G) resulted in abolition of PA suppression and, subsequently, enhancement of ammonium transport activity in vitro and in vivo. Observations of AMT1;1-GFP showed suppressed endocytosis under PLD deficiency or by mutation of the PA-binding site in AMT1;1. Endocytosis was rescued by PA in the pldα1 pldδ mutant but not in the mutant AMT1;1R487G-GFP line. Together, these findings demonstrated PA-based shutoff control of plant NH4+ transport and point to a broader paradigm of lipid-transporter function.
Loss of function of pollen-expressed phospholipase OsMATL2 triggers haploid induction in japonica rice
Authors: Jang Jin Hoon , Noh Gayoung , Seo Hae Seong , Jung Ki-Hong , Kim Yu-Jin , Lee Ok Ran
Published: July 2023

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated editing of the pollen-expressed phospholipase A gene OsMATL2 triggers in planta haploid induction in japonica rice.
Social Workers’ Experiences of Support in the Workplace during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Landers Jillian , Madden Elissa , Furlong Wesley
Published: July 2023

This qualitative study included in-depth semistructured interviews with 17 social workers from across the state of Texas that took place during the summer of 2021. The purpose of this study was to describe social workers’ experiences of workplace support during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide implications for how to improve support in the workplace. The interviews were analyzed using a phenomenological approach to describe the main themes of the participants’ experiences. The findings combined with current literature suggest that following the pandemic and in the case of similar prolonged disasters organizational leaders should consider supporting their social work staff by clearly communicating protocol changes, providing more autonomy and flexible work arrangements, increasing time off and financial support, and providing tangible assistance such as technological support. Leaders should also consider their social work staff’s emotional well-being following the pandemic by providing therapeutic resources and bonding opportunities for staff to promote a more resilient team-like culture in the workplace.
The Perils of Sleeper Plates in Multiple Hereditary Exostosis: Tibial Deformity Overcorrection Due to Tether at Empty Metaphyseal Hole
Authors: Retzky Julia , Pascual-Leone Nicolas , Cirrincione Peter , Nichols Erikson , Blanco John , Widmann Roger , Dodwell Emily
Published: July 2023

Background:

Hemi-epiphysiodesis is the mainstay of treatment for angular deformities at the knee in children with multiple hereditary exostosis (MHE). Upon deformity correction, the metaphyseal screw may be removed from the hemi-epiphysiodesis plate, the sleeper plate technique, with anticipated reimplantation of the metaphyseal screw should the original deformity recur. The aim of the present study is to compare the incidence of complications with the sleeper plate technique with complete plate removal in an MHE cohort.

Methods:

Patients under the age of 18 with MHE who underwent hemi-epiphysiodesis of the proximal tibia and/or distal femur between February 1, 2016, and February 6, 2022 with a minimum 2-year follow-up or follow-up to skeletal maturity were identified via ICD-10 codes. Patient charts and radiographic images were reviewed to assess for the bone(s) treated, the use of sleeper plates, and whether any complication occurred, including overcorrection from bony ingrowth at the empty holes or deformity recurrence.

Results:

In 13 patients, 19 knees underwent hemi-epiphysiodesis at 30 sites; 13 distal femoral and 17 proximal tibial. Of 30 plates, 18 (60%) were removed completely upon deformity correction and 3 (10%) did not require removal due to skeletal maturity. Four of 13 (30.8%) femoral plates and 5 of 17 (29.4%) tibial plates were left as sleeper plates. All 5 tibial sleeper plates developed bony ingrowth into the empty metaphyseal screw hole, which led to unintended progressive deformity overcorrection. In the majority of cases, the deformity was addressed by the removal of the plate and exophytic bone and hemi-epiphysiodesis on the other side of the affected proximal tibia with subsequent resolution of the deformity.

Conclusions:

All tibial sleeper plates developed bony ingrowth into the screwless metaphyseal hole. The bony ingrowth functioned as a tether, resulting in progressive deformity overcorrection. Sleeper plates should be avoided at the proximal tibia in patients with MHE, and extreme caution should be exercised when considering this technique at the distal femur or other sites.

Levels of Evidence:

Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Blood Purification for Adult Patients With Severe Infection or Sepsis/Septic Shock: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Jia-Jin , Lai Pei-Chun , Lee Tao-Han , Huang Yen-Ta
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES:

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive and updated systematic review with network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the outcome benefits of various blood purification modalities for adult patients with severe infection or sepsis.

DATA SOURCES:

We conducted a search of PubMed, MEDLINE, clinical trial registries, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases with no language restrictions.

STUDY SELECTION:

Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected.

DATA EXTRACTION:

The primary outcome was overall mortality. The secondary outcomes were the length of mechanical ventilation (MV) days and ICU stay, incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and kidney replacement therapy requirement.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We included a total of 60 RCTs with 4,595 participants, comparing 16 blood purification modalities with 17 interventions. Polymyxin-B hemoperfusion (relative risk [RR]: 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57–0.86) and plasma exchange (RR: 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42–0.91) were associated with low mortality (very low and low certainty of evidence, respectively). Because of the presence of high clinical heterogeneity and intransitivity, the potential benefit of polymyxin-B hemoperfusion remained inconclusive. The analysis of secondary outcomes was limited by the scarcity of available studies. HA330 with high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), HA330, and standard-volume CVVH were associated with shorter ICU stay. HA330 with high-volume CVVH, HA330, and standard-volume CVVH were beneficial in reducing MV days. None of the interventions showed a significant reduction in the incidence of AKI or the need for kidney replacement therapy.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our NMA suggests that plasma exchange and polymyxin-B hemoperfusion may provide potential benefits for adult patients with severe infection or sepsis/septic shock when compared with standard care alone, but most comparisons were based on low or very low certainty evidence. The therapeutic effect of polymyxin-B hemoperfusion remains uncertain. Further RCTs are required to identify the specific patient population that may benefit from extracorporeal blood purification.
Electroacupuncture relieves chronic pain by promoting microglia M2 polarization in lumbar disc herniation rats
Authors: Yang Jia-Xuan , Zhu Jiang , Ni Kun , Yang Hai-Kou , Zhang Hai-Long , Ma Zheng-Liang
Published: July 2023

Electroacupuncture has an effective analgesia on chronic pain caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) clinically, however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether electroacupuncture alleviated pain in LDH model rats by inducing spinal microglia M2 polarization. We established a noncompression LDH rat model by implanting autologous caudal nucleus pulposus into L5/L6 nerve root. Electroacupuncture (30 min/day) treatment on the ipsilateral side was started on the 8th postoperative day, once a day for consecutive 7 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were tested for pain behavior. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression in lumbar enlargement (L5/L6). Immunofluorescence was used to detect iNOS+/Iba-1+and Arg-1+/Iba-1+and CB2R+/Iba-1+in lumbar enlargement (L5/L6). We show that PWT and PWL decreased in the LDH group while Iba-1, iNOS, and TNF-α expression increased significantly in lumbar spinal dorsal horn (SDH) after LDH surgery, and revealing that microglia were activated and polarized towards proinflammatory M1 phenotype. Electroacupuncture treatment significantly increased PWT and PWL while reducing Iba-1, iNOS, and TNF-α expression, interestingly, Arg-1 and IL-10 expression were significantly increased. Moreover, electroacupuncture treatment led to CB2 receptors on microglia upregulation, while NF-κB and p-NF-κB expression in lumbar SDH downregulation. Our study indicated that electroacupuncture may reduce nociceptive hyperalgesia by inhibiting microglia activation and microglia M1 polarization and promoting microglia M2 polarization in lumbar SDH of LDH rats, which may be caused by the activation of CB2 receptors on microglia and inhibition of NF-κB pathway in lumbar SDH.
Rapid metagenomic sequencing for diagnosis and antimicrobial sensitivity prediction of canine bacterial infections
Authors: Ring Natalie , Low Alison S. , Wee Bryan , Paterson Gavin K. , Nuttall Tim , Gally David , Mellanby Richard , Fitzgerald J. Ross
Published: July 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human and animal health. There is an urgent need to ensure that antimicrobials are used appropriately to limit the emergence and impact of resistance. In the human and veterinary healthcare setting, traditional culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing typically requires 48–72 h to identify appropriate antibiotics for treatment. In the meantime, broad-spectrum antimicrobials are often used, which may be ineffective or impact non-target commensal bacteria. Here, we present a rapid, culture-free, diagnostics pipeline, involving metagenomic nanopore sequencing directly from clinical urine and skin samples of dogs. We have planned this pipeline to be versatile and easily implementable in a clinical setting, with the potential for future adaptation to different sample types and animals. Using our approach, we can identify the bacterial pathogen present within 5 h, in some cases detecting species which are difficult to culture. For urine samples, we can predict antibiotic sensitivity with up to 95 % accuracy. Skin swabs usually have lower bacterial abundance and higher host DNA, confounding antibiotic sensitivity prediction; an additional host depletion step will likely be required during the processing of these, and other types of samples with high levels of host cell contamination. In summary, our pipeline represents an important step towards the design of individually tailored veterinary treatment plans on the same day as presentation, facilitating the effective use of antibiotics and promoting better antimicrobial stewardship.
Quality characteristics of in vitro luwak coffee produced using enzyme and microbial complexes
Authors: Kang Hye-Mi , Oh Shin-Yeong , Kang Hye-Min , Kwon Joong-Ho , Jeong Yong-Jin
Published: July 2023

In vitro luwak coffee was produced using enzyme-microbial complexes. The coffee quality of non-fermented coffee beans (NFC) and fermented coffee beans (FC) was compared. The total free amino acid content was higher in FC than in NFC. The levels of glutamic acid and γ-amino-n-butyric acid in NFC were higher than those in FC; however, the contents of essential amino acids, such as lysine, leucine, and valine, in FC were higher than in NFC. During fermentation, the sucrose content decreased, whereas the fructose and glucose contents increased (p<0.001). The chromaticity of the coffee extract showed higher lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) values in FC than those in NFC. The caffeine content was significantly lower in FC (696.94±0.04 μg/mL) compared to that in NFC (1,130.22±1.55 μg/mL) (p<0.001). Conversely, the polyphenol and chlorogenic acid contents were significantly higher ​​in NFC than in FC (p<0.001). Electronic nose analysis indicated considerable differences between the volatile aromatic components in NFC and FC. Sensory scores were significantly higher for FC than those for NFC. Therefore, the fermentation of coffee beans using enzyme-microbial complexes altered the chemical components, which promoted the Maillard reaction during the coffee bean roasting process. These results suggest the possibility of producing in vitro luwak coffee with better flavor and lower caffeine content.
Formulation of functional mayonnaise with defatted wheat germ flour
as egg yolk substitute: Rheological, textural and stability
analyses
Authors: Aalami Mehran , Rahbari Mahshid , Ahmed Salar Ali , Mahoonak Alireza Sadeghi , Kashaninejad Mahdi , Hassanzadeh Hamed
Published: July 2023

The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of the defatted wheat germ
flour (DWGF) alone or in combination with xanthan gum (XG) as egg yolk
substitutes in mayonnaise formulation. In this research, DWGF was used at
different levels (0, 25, 75 and 100%) alone or in combination with the XG
(0.2%) as egg substitutes. The effects of these substitutions on the
stability, textural and rheological characteristics of mayonnaise were
investigated. According to the results, DWGF can be used as an egg yolk
substitute in mayonnaise. Combining DWGF and XG as egg yolk substitute, improved
the stability, textural and rheological properties. Mayonnaise with 100%
egg yolk replacement showed the hardest structure, while the lowest firmness
value was obtained in the control containing 100% egg yolk. Also, the
highest adhesiveness value occurred in the sample with 100% DWGF. The
thixotropic behavior was observed for all investigated mayonnaise samples over
the all ranges of the studied shear rate (0.05-450/sec). Furthermore, the
highest content of consistency coefficient value was observed in the sample with
100% DWGF and 0.2% XG. Therefore, it can be concluded that
low-cholesterol mayonnaise with proper stability, textural and rheological
characteristics are achievable by applying of the desirable combination of DWGF
and XG.
ChatGPTidentifies gender disparities in scientific peer review
Authors: Verharen Jeroen P. H.
Published: July 2023

The peer review process is a critical step in ensuring the quality of scientific research. However, its subjectivity has raised concerns. To investigate this issue, I examined over 500 publicly available peer review reports from 200 published neuroscience papers in 2022-2023. OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligenceChatGPTwas used to analyze language use in these reports. It demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional lexicon- and rule-based language models. As expected, most reviews for these published papers were seen as favorable byChatGPT(89.8% of reviews), and language use was mostly polite (99.8% of reviews). However, this analysis also demonstrated high levels of variability in how each reviewer scored the same paper, indicating the presence of subjectivity in the peer review process. The results further revealed that female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers, indicating a gender bias in reviewing. In addition, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author, for which I discuss potential causes. Together, this study highlights the potential of generative artificial intelligence in performing natural language processing of specialized scientific texts. As a proof of concept, I show thatChatGPTcan identify areas of concern in scientific peer review, underscoring the importance of transparent peer review in studying equitability in scientific publishing.
Enhancing Inter-link Coverage in Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry through Context-Sensitive Subgrouping and Decoy Fusion
Authors: Bogdanow Boris , Wang Cong , Ruwolt Max , Ruta Julia , Mühlberg Lars , Zeng Wen-feng , Elofsson Arne , Liu Fan
Published: July 2023

In cross-linking mass spectrometry, sensitivity and specificity in assigning mass spectra to cross-links between different proteins (inter-links) remains challenging. Here, we report on limitations of commonly used concatenated target-decoy searches and propose a target-decoy competition strategy on a fused database as a solution. Further, we capitalize on context-divergent error rates by implementing a novel context-sensitive subgrouping strategy. This approach increases inter-link coverage by ∼ 30 - 75 % across XL-MS datasets, maintains low error rates, and preserves structural accuracy.
A Cell Cycle-Dependent Ferroptosis Sensitivity Switch Governed by EMP2
Authors: Rodencal Jason , Kim Nathan , Li Veronica L. , He Andrew , Lange Mike , He Jianping , Tarangelo Amy , Schafer Zachary T. , Olzmann James A. , Sage Julien , Long Jonathan Z. , Dixon Scott J.
Published: July 2023

Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis can be induced by system xc-cystine/glutamate antiporter inhibition or by direct inhibition of the phospholipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). The regulation of ferroptosis in response to system xc-inhibition versus direct GPX4 inhibition may be distinct. Here, we show that cell cycle arrest enhances sensitivity to ferroptosis triggered by GPX4 inhibition but not system xc-inhibition. Arrested cells have increased levels of oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids, which drives sensitivity to GPX4 inhibition. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) expression is reduced upon cell cycle arrest and is sufficient to enhance ferroptosis in response to direct GPX4 inhibition. An orally bioavailable GPX4 inhibitor increased markers of ferroptotic lipid peroxidation in vivo in combination with a cell cycle arresting agent. Thus, responses to different ferroptosis-inducing stimuli can be regulated by cell cycle state.
Exposure to early life stress impairs weight loss maintenance success in mice
Authors: Foright Rebecca M , McQuillan Tara E , Frick Jenna M , Minchella Paige M , Levasseur Brittni M , Tinoco Omar , Birmingham Lauryn , Blankenship Anneka E , Thyfault John P , Christianson Julie A
Published: July 2023

Early life stress increases obesity risk, but its impact on weight loss maintenance is unknown. Mice underwent neonatal maternal separation (NMS) from 0-3 weeks and were weaned onto high fat sucrose diet (HFSD) from 3-20 weeks. Calorie-restricted weight loss on a low fat sucrose diet (LFSD) occurred over 2 weeks to induce a 20% loss in body weight, which was maintained for 6 weeks. After weight loss, half the mice received running wheels (EX) the other half remained sedentary (SED). Mice were then fedad libitumon HFSD or LFSD for 10 weeks and allowed to regain body weight. NMS mice had greater weight regain, total body weight and adiposity compared to naïve mice. During the first week of refeeding, NMS mice had increased food intake and were in a greater positive energy balance than naïve mice, but total energy expenditure was not affected by NMS. Female mice were more susceptible to NMS-induced effects, including increases in adiposity. NMS and naïve females were more susceptible to HFSD-induce weight regain. Exercise was beneficial in the first week of regain in male mice, but long-term only those on LFSD benefited from EX. As expected, HFSD led to greater weight regain than LFSD.
Genetic associations with ratios between protein levels detect new pQTLs and reveal protein-protein interactions
Authors: Suhre Karsten
Published: July 2023

Protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) are an invaluable source of information for drug target development as they provide genetic evidence to support protein function, suggest relationships betweencis- andtrans-associated proteins, and link proteins to disease where they collocate with genetic risk loci for clinical endpoints. Using the recently released Olink proteomics data for 1,463 proteins measured in over 54,000 samples of the UK Biobank we identified and replicated 4,248 associations with 2,821 ratios between protein levels (rQTLs) where the strengths of association at known pQTL loci increased by up to several hundred orders of magnitude. We attribute this increase in statistical power (p-gain) to accounting for genetic and non-genetic variance shared by the two proteins in the ratio pair. Protein pairs with a significant p-gain were 7.6-fold enriched in known protein-protein interactions, suggesting that their ratios reflect biological links between the implicated proteins. We then conducted a GWAS on the 2,821 ratios and identified 2,527 novel rQTLs, increasing the number of discovered genetic signals compared to the original protein-only GWAS by 24.7%. At examples we demonstrate that this approach can identify novel loci of clinical relevance, support causal gene identification, and reveal complex networks of interacting proteins. Taken together, our study adds significant value to the genetic insights that can be derived from the UKB proteomics data and motivates the wider use of ratios in large scale GWAS.
Post-translational regulation of the Numb/Notch pathway in neurogenesis and cancer by Dlk2
Authors: Telerman Stephanie.B , Hamilton Russell.S , Shaw Ben , Dimitrov Jordan.D , Steventon Ben , Ferguson-Smith Anne.C
Published: July 2023

Perturbations in fundamental developmental pathways have a profound influence on tumorigenesis. Numb plays a pivotal role in vertebrate development, including neurogenesis and is a key negative regulator of Notch signaling1, 2. Perturbation of Numb expression affects brain morphology and cell fate3. While extensive research has been conducted on canonical Notch ligands, regulation by vertebrate-specific non-canonical ligands is not understood. Here we identify Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 2/EGFL9 (Dlk2) as a regulator of zebrafish neurogenesis with mutants exhibiting early increase and subsequent depletion of neural stem cells, decreased radial glial cells density, impaired neuronal cell distribution, and hypersensitivity to stimuli mimicking the embryonic murine Numb/Numblike null phenotype3. Numb function is inactivated by aberrant phosphorylation4, and we show that Dlk2 protein exhibits a high affinity direct interaction with Numb, with loss of Dlk2 in zebrafish telencephalon increasing Numb Ser276 phosphorylation with a concomitant increase in Notch signaling. Patients with tumors exhibiting reduced levels of Dlk2 have a poorer prognosis, while overexpression of Dlk2 in human cancer cell lines reduces cell proliferation. Our findings identify Dlk2 as a key partner of Numb, a gatekeeper of its activity, and an important player in a network of protein interactions regulating both neurogenesis and cancer with potential therapeutic implications.
The influence of event-related factors on sport fans' purchase intention: a study of sponsored products during televised sporting events
Authors: Rai Jaskirat Singh , Cho Heetae , Yousaf Anish , Itani Maher N.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

It is not possible for every fan of a sport to watch matches at stadiums because of the capacity and location constraints. Furthermore, although sport fans could not physically attend sporting events during the COVID-19 pandemic, corporations still showed interest in sponsoring such events. To better understand this phenomenon, this study examined the effects of fans' event involvement on event reputation, event commercialization, corporate brand credibility, corporate brand image and purchase intentions of the corporate sponsor brand.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 646 responses were collected from fans of Indian Premier League teams. Confirmatory factor analysis and covariance-based structural equation modelling analyses were conducted on the collected data.

Findings

Results showed that fans' involvement in televised sporting events had a positive influence on the events' reputation, which, in turn, had a significant impact on their corporate brand credibility and image. Furthermore, the corporate brand credibility and image had a positive impact on the fans' purchasing decisions.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable implications for marketing managers aiming to enhance their understanding of the impact of event sponsorship on corporate brands. In addition, the findings provide insight into how to support the development of effective sponsorship strategies in the future. The results suggest that sponsoring companies should consider maintaining the credibility and image of their brands to achieve the desired outcomes from sponsoring such sporting events.
Making supply chain traceability strategic: insights from the food industry
Authors: Hoang Trang T. , Bell John E. , Goldsby Thomas J.
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to present an emergent framework that proposes the strategic importance of supply chain (SC) traceability beyond the traditional role in supporting product safety, recalls and sustainability initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach

A grounded theory (GT) approach with 22 in-depth interviews with managers from 10 countries/territories and 3 different echelons of the food SC is employed to arrive at the strategic traceability framework and framework's propositions.

Findings

The framework suggests that traceability can sometimes help expose and modify firms' core and non-core SC capabilities and provide an opportunity to align them better with SC strategies. This alignment may require a complementary execution of human coordination and the adoption of technological traceability components.

Practical implications

The research suggests that firms may be able to extract greater value from the firms' traceability investments. While traceability continues to serve the key purposes of preventing and mitigating the risks of recalls, this can sometimes illuminate sustained business growth opportunities.

Originality/value

The study extends traceability beyond a means to meet the requirements of product safety, recalls and sustainability. Rather, this study establishes traceability's role in exposing and aligning firms' capabilities for business gain and not merely recall risk mitigation. This reframing of the premise for traceability can invigorate both research and practice on the subject of traceability.
Identity Structure Analysis: a potential framework for process and outcome evaluation in psychotherapy
Authors: B. Erdos Marta , Karpati Tamas , Rozgonyi Robert , Jávor Rebeka
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the potential utility of Identity Structure Analysis (ISA) in single-case and group-level outcome and process evaluations.

Design/methodology/approach

A study was conducted to evaluate mentalization-based therapy by using ISA and its linked framework software, Ipseus. Ten patients with borderline personality disorder and substance use disorder were involved in the study. ISA/Ipseus was administered prior to and at the completion of the treatment. Five-year follow-up data, comprising behavioural indicators, were also collected and compared to ISA/Ipseus results.

Findings

Improvements occurred in the evaluation of stressful, demanding and emotionally burdening situations. Evaluations on concerned others also improved, together with progress in self-reflection. Changes in the evaluation of recovery-related themes were less salient. On a case level, changes in the self-states and role models were consistent with the results of the five-year-follow up data. An initial crisis state seems suggestive of progress, while initial defensive positions with high positive self-regard, of stagnation.

Originality/value

ISA/Ipseus, integrating the benefits of qualitative and quantitative approaches in evaluation, is a potential method to explore the complexity of identity changes during therapy.
Uniqueness neglect on consumer resistance to AI
Authors: Mou Yupeng , Xu Tianjie , Hu Yanghong
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Artificial intelligence (AI) has a large number of applications at the industry and user levels. However, AI's uniqueness neglect is becoming an obstacle in the further application of AI. Based on the theory of innovation resistance, this paper aims to explore the effect of AI's uniqueness neglect on consumer resistance to AI.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested four hypothesis across four studies by conducting lab experiments. Study 1 used a questionnaire to verify the hypothesis that AI's uniqueness neglect leads to consumer resistance to AI; Studies 2 focused on the role of human–AI interaction trust as an underlying driver of resistance to medical AI. Study 3–4 provided process evidence by way of a measured moderator, testing whether participants with a greater sense of non-verbal human–AI communication are more reluctant to have consumer resistance to AI.

Findings

The authors found that AI's uniqueness neglect increased users' resistance to AI. This occurs because the uniqueness neglect of AI hinders the formation of interaction trust between users and AI. The study also found that increasing the gaze behavior of AI and increasing the physical distance in the interaction can alleviate the effect of AI's uniqueness neglect on consumer resistance to AI.

Originality/value

This paper explored the effect of AI's uniqueness neglect on consumer resistance to AI and uncovered human–AI interaction trust as a mediator for this effect and gaze behavior and physical distance as moderators for this effect.
Twenty‐five years of income inequality in Britain: the role of wages, household earnings and redistribution
Authors: Cribb Jonathan , Joyce Robert , Wernham Thomas
Published: July 2023

We study earnings and income inequality in Britain over the 25 years prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We focus on the middle 90 per cent of the income distribution, within which the gap between top and bottom in 2019–20 was essentially the same, after taxes and transfers, as a quarter‐century earlier. This has led to a narrative of ‘stable inequality’, which we argue misses important nuances and key lessons from the UK's experience. In particular, there have been periods in which household earnings inequalities were changing considerably but tax and transfer policy was offsetting its effects on income inequality – in different directions at different times, reflecting sharp changes of policy approach. Means‐tested transfers played a crucial role in containing inequality during the ‘inclusive growth’ period of the 1990s and early 2000s, as well as the Great Recession. During the 2010s, the minimum wage emerged as the government's primary policy tool for boosting incomes, but this happened almost simultaneously with cutbacks to means‐tested transfers, meaning that household earnings inequalities fell considerably and yet net income inequality rose.
Geographic variation in emergency department presentations among youth (10–24 years), New South Wales 2019: An epidemiological study
Authors: Butler Sally , Tall Julie , Luscombe Georgina M
Published: July 2023

Objective

To characterise ED presentations among youth in New South Wales (NSW) by geographic remoteness for 2019 and determine if intra‐regional (inland vs coastal) variations exist.

Methods

A population‐based, retrospective descriptive analysis of 2019 Emergency Department Data Collection registry data for state‐wide emergency presentations to NSW public hospitals among NSW residents aged 10–24 years was undertaken. Local government areas of residence were classified as major city, coastal regional, inland regional or remote. Sex and age‐adjusted ED presentation rates were modelled according to geographical classification, using negative binomial regression.

Results

In 2019, 178 public ED facilities in NSW received 479 880 presentations from NSW residents aged 10–24 years. ED presentation rates in regional and remote areas were more than twice (incidence rate ratio 2.23, 95% confidence interval 2.08–2.39) and four times (incidence rate ratio 4.32, 95% confidence interval 3.84–4.87) that, respectively, of major cities. Compared to major cities, youth presenting to regional and remote facilities spent 36% and 60% less time in ED, respectively, with presentations less likely to be deemed critical, occur after‐hours or result in hospital admission. Variation between inland and coastal regional indicators was minimal.

Conclusions

Patterns of ED utilisation between major city, regional and remote youth were distinctly different, but not so between coastal and inland regional youth. Further research could better understand ED utilisation among youth and the drivers of higher presentation rates in regional and remote areas.
Manufactured Ignorance and the Violence of Not‐Counting: The Experience of Censo Popular of Unhoused People in Buenos Aires
Authors: Farías Mónica
Published: July 2023

While the unhoused population continues to increase in the context of a housing crisis in the city of Buenos Aires, the local government fails to produce accurate statistics about it. As a response to this, a coalition of grassroots organisations carried out the Popular Census of Unhoused People (PC) in 2017 and 2019 to challenge the numbers yielded by official surveys and demand appropriate responses from the Government of the City of Buenos Aires (GCBA). This paper works with different meanings of the verb “to count” to explore how the PC enacts a politics of counting focused on making visible and making count the unhoused population. The PC helps us to have a better understanding of the GCBA's concealment of the houselessness problem and the violence associated with it, while it brings into play other knowledges and lived experiences of the city for a different urban politics.
Correlation of ultrasound‐basedTIRADSand the Bethesda system for reporting of thyroid cytopathology: A study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Dhar Lity , Singh Meeta , Jain Shyam Lata , Rana Deepika , Kumar Jyoti , Meher Ravi , Khurana Nita , Verma Nidhi , Mohammed Ata , Chellani Gautam
Published: July 2023

Background

The age‐standardised incidence rate of thyroid cancer in India is 1 in 416 in the general population. This increased incidence has mainly been attributed to improved detection methods for small thyroid lesions. Two such methods are the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TIRADS) and the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC).

Aims and Objectives

To study the correlation between ACR TIRADS and TBSRTC, and between each system and the final histopathological report.

Materials and Methods

Thyroid cytopathology cases were retrieved for the period January 2019 to July 2022. For each case, the TIRADS score and Bethesda category were noted. Histopathology specimens were also traced.

Results

The study comprised 1100 cases, with 955 female and 145 male patients (M:F = 1:6.59), and ages ranging between 7 and 85 years. The TIRADS scoring was available for 1036 cases. Histopathology was available for 231 cases. There was a significant correlation between TIRADS and TBSRTC, with ap‐value of 0.000 and a substantial Kappa agreement of 0.688. Both TIRADS and TBSRTC also had significant correlations with the histopathology data, with ap‐value of 0.000 for each. The sensitivity values for TBSRTC and TIRADS were 69.4% and 65.8%; specificity, 99.3% and 96.5%; positive predictive value (PPV), 98.3% and 91.8%; and negative predictive value (NPV) 84.7% and 84.4%, respectively. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was also calculated and was found to be high, especially for TBSRTC II, III, IV and V (11.3%, 20%, 61.5%, 97.4% respectively) and TIRADS 2 and 3 (10.3% and 29.6% respectively).

Conclusion

The TIRADS and TBSRTC systems of categorisation of thyroid lesions are concordant and could help improve the overall survival rate of patients with thyroid malignancies.
Arithmetic problem size modulates brain activations in females but not in males
Authors: Chen Nai‐Feng , Chang Ting‐Ting
Published: July 2023

Numerous empirical studies have reported that males and females perform equally well in mathematical achievement. However, still to date, very limited is understood about the brain response profiles that are particularly characteristic of males and females when solving mathematical problems. The present study aimed to tackle this issue by manipulating arithmetic problem size to investigate functional significance using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in young adults. Participants were instructed to complete two runs of simple calculation tasks with either large or small problem sizes. Behavioural results suggested that the performance did not differ between females and males. Neuroimaging data revealed that sex/gender‐related patterns of problem size effect were found in the brain regions that are conventionally associated with arithmetic, including the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and insula. Specifically, females demonstrated substantial brain responses of problem size effect in these regions, whereas males showed marginal effects. Moreover, the machine learning method implemented over the brain signal levels within these regions demonstrated that sex/gender is discriminable. These results showed sex/gender effects in the activating patterns varying as a function of the distinct math problem size, even in a simple calculation task. Accordingly, our findings suggested that females and males use two complementary brain resources to achieve equally successful performance levels and highlight the pivotal role of neuroimaging facilities in uncovering neural mechanisms that may not be behaviourally salient.
Learning (abroad) mobility in the European Union: A comparison of youth in and out of higher education
Authors: Öz Yakup
Published: July 2023

In the European Union (EU) context, learning abroad mobility (LAM) also includes non‐formal learning activities. Young people can participate in LAM whether they are in tertiary education or not. Nevertheless, studies focusing on the participation of out‐of‐higher‐education (Out‐HE) youth in LAM are often scarce. The current study aims to explore the role of several sociodemographic factors in participation in LAM among Out‐HE youth, based on the analysis of a large‐scale survey conducted across EU member countries. Findings show that Out‐HE youth is less likely to participate in LAM than the youth in higher education as expected. However, some socioeconomic factors, such as gender and age, play different roles among Out‐HE youth and the youth in higher education in old (EU15) and new member countries (NMS) of the EU.
Development and characterization of a spleen cell line from yellowfin seabream Acanthopagrus latus and its susceptibility to Mandarinfish ranavirus
Authors: Zhan Zhipeng , Fu Jiajie , Chen Huiquan , Pan Hongbo , Weng Shaoping , He Jianguo , Guo Changjun
Published: July 2023

Yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) is one of the most commercially important marine fish in China. In this study, a new continuous cell line, named ALS cells, was developed from the spleen tissue of A. latus. The cell line was maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/Nutrient Mixture F‐12 Ham (DMEM/F‐12) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and successfully cultured up to 50 passages. The cell line was authenticated by amplifying and sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit‐I (coi‐I) gene. The ALS cell line had the maximum growth rate in DMEM/F‐12 medium containing 20% FBS at 27°C. Chromosome number analysis showed that the ALS cells have a modal diploid chromosome number of 34. The ALS cell line was transfected with the pEGFP‐N1 plasmid, and green fluorescence was observed. The ALS cell line was used for testing Mandarinfish ranavirus (MRV) susceptibility, and the cytopathic effects in the cell line were observed at 4 days post‐infection (dpi). Furthermore, the susceptibility of the ALS cell line to MRV and the levels of MRV mRNA and viral loads were found to be significantly increased at 1–7 dpi. This study revealed that the ALS cell line could be useful for molecular, virological, and biotechnological studies on yellowfin seabream.