bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A general update rule for Lyapunov‐based adaptive control of mobile robots with wheel slip
Authors: Burghi T. B. , Iossaqui J. G. , Camino J. F.
Published: February 2024

In this article, we introduce a novel family of Lyapunov‐based adaptive kinematic control laws developed to solve the trajectory tracking problem for a differential‐drive mobile robot under the influence of both longitudinal and lateral wheel slip. Each adaptive controller in this family is constructed by augmenting a nonadaptive nominal controller, originally designed for the slip‐free case, with an update rule capable of estimating the longitudinal slip. In the absence of lateral slip and under constant longitudinal slip, we establish the convergence of the trajectory tracking error to zero and, assuming a persistent excitation condition, we also demonstrate the convergence of the slip estimate error to zero. When lateral slip is present, we analyse a particular control law from our family of adaptive controllers. This law ensures the trajectory tracking error is uniformly ultimately bounded around the origin, demonstrating the robustness of our adaptive control scheme in dealing with time‐varying longitudinal and lateral slip. The validity of our approach is assessed through comprehensive numerical simulations.
CoP Quantum Dots Embedded in Carbon Polyhedra through Co─P─C Bonding Enabling High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Li Shani , Xu Yanan , Zhang Xudong , Guo Yang , Ma Yibo , Sun Xianzhong , Zhang Xiong , Ning Puqi , Wang Kai , Ma Yanwei
Published: February 2024

Phosphides with high theoretical capacity are considered ideal anode materials for lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), but poor electronic conductivity as well as unsatisfied cyclic stability limits the performance of the phosphides. Here a covalently bonded CoP@C heterostructure is reported, which consists of 5 nm CoP quantum dots (QDs) like pomegranate seeds pinned in carbon polyhedron through interfacial Co─P─C bonding. The ultrafine size of CoP QDs provides more reactive sites and a shorten electrons/ions diffusion path, boosting the specific capacity. The Co─P─C bond induces the energy band variation of CoP and increases the interfacial charge density, bringing about fast kinetics. Besides, the Co─P─C bond introduces a robust pining effect among CoP QDs and carbon polyhedra, greatly improving the structure stability of 5 nm CoP QDs. The CoP@C heterostructure electrode exhibits high capacity (nearly 1000 mAh g−1) and superior cycling stability. It is worth noting that a prototyped LIC full‐cell of YP80//CoP@C presents an impressive high energy density of 172 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 10.8 kW kg−1. Moreover, the LIC possesses an ultra‐long life, retaining 80% after 20,000 cycles. This study offers an effective design for phosphides achieving fast kinetics and superior structure stability through an interfacial bonding approach.
A High‐Voltage Solid State Electrolyte Based on Spinel‐Like Chloride Made of Low‐Cost and Abundant Resources
Authors: Yu Yuran , Huang Yuanyuan , Xu Zibo , Wu Zhiheng , Wang Zhuo , Shao Guosheng
Published: February 2024

Recently, halide solid state electrolytes (SSEs) have received great attention owing to their fast ionic conductivity, high oxidation potential, and good chemical and electrochemical compatibility with high voltage cathode materials. However, most of reported halide SSEs contain rather rare and expensive elements, which hinders their sustainable utilizations in practical batteries. Here in this work, under the guidance of systematic modelling based on the density functional theory (DFT), a low‐cost alternative is developed through optimizing the lattice chemistry in a recently identified spinel‐like chloride Li2CrCl4 into Li5/3Cr1/3Zr1/3Cl4 for remarkably enhanced ionic conductivity and stable electrochemical window with respect to the Li‐anode. This new phase has then been synthesized successfully, delivering an ionic conductivity over 1200 times of that of the pristine phase Li2CrCl4, in addition to a high oxidation potential (up to 4.1 V vs Li/Li+) to enable outstanding interfacial compatibility with high voltage cathodes. Such a high‐voltage and fast Li‐ion conducting solid‐state electrolyte is expected to provide a highly desirable basis toward developing high energy‐density all solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using economical and Earth‐rich elements.
Peptide‐Driven Proton Sponge Nano‐Assembly for Imaging and Triggering Lysosome‐Regulated Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death
Authors: He Tengyu , Wen Jing , Wang Wenjian , Hu Zeliang , Ling Chuxuan , Zhao Zhongchao , Cheng Yong , Chang Yu‐Ci , Xu Ming , Jin Zhicheng , Amer Lubna , Sasi Lekshmi , Fu Lei , Steinmetz Nicole F. , Rana Tariq M. , Wu Peng , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: February 2024

Triggering lysosome‐regulated immunogenic cell death (ICD, e.g., pyroptosis and necroptosis) with nanomedicines is an emerging approach for turning an “immune‐cold” tumor “hot”—a key challenge faced by cancer immunotherapies. Proton sponge such as high‐molecular‐weight branched polyethylenimine (PEI) is excellent at rupturing lysosomes, but its therapeutic application is hindered by uncontrollable toxicity due to fixed charge density and poor understanding of resulted cell death mechanism. Here, a series of proton sponge nano‐assemblies (PSNAs) with self‐assembly controllable surface charge density and cell cytotoxicity are created. Such PSNAs are constructed via low‐molecular‐weight branched PEI covalently bound to self‐assembling peptides carrying tetraphenylethene pyridinium (PyTPE, an aggregation‐induced emission‐based luminogen). Assembly of PEI assisted by the self‐assembling peptide‐PyTPE leads to enhanced surface positive charges and cell cytotoxicity of PSNA. The self‐assembly tendency of PSNAs is further optimized by tuning hydrophilic and hydrophobic components within the peptide, thus resulting in the PSNA with the highest fluorescence, positive surface charge density, cell uptake, and cancer cell cytotoxicity. Systematic cell death mechanistic studies reveal that the lysosome rupturing‐regulated pyroptosis and necroptosis are at least two causes of cell death. Tumor cells undergoing PSNA‐triggered ICD activate immune cells, suggesting the great potential of PSNAs to trigger anticancer immunity.
Skin‐Inspired Multi‐Modal Mechanoreceptors for Dynamic Haptic Exploration
Authors: Su Jiangtao , Zhang Hang , Li Haicheng , He Ke , Tu Jiaqi , Zhang Feilong , Liu Zhihua , Lv Zhisheng , Cui Zequn , Li Yanzhen , Li Jiaofu , Tang Leng Ze , Chen Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

Active sensing is a fundamental aspect of human and animal interactions with the environment, providing essential information about the hardness, texture, and tackiness of objects. This ability stems from the presence of diverse mechanoreceptors in the skin, capable of detecting a wide range of stimuli and from the sensorimotor control of biological mechanisms. In contrast, existing tactile sensors for robotic applications typically excel in identifying only limited types of information, lacking the versatility of biological mechanoreceptors and the requisite sensing strategies to extract tactile information proactively. Here, inspired by human haptic perception, a skin‐inspired artificial 3D mechanoreceptor (SENS) capable of detecting multiple mechanical stimuli is developed to bridge sensing and action in a closed‐loop sensorimotor system for dynamic haptic exploration. A tensor‐based non‐linear theoretical model is established to characterize the 3D deformation (e.g., tensile, compressive, and shear deformation) of SENS, providing guidance for the design and optimization of multimode sensing properties with high fidelity. Based on SENS, a closed‐loop robotic system capable of recognizing objects with improved accuracy (≈96%) is further demonstrated. This dynamic haptic exploration approach shows promise for a wide range of applications such as autonomous learning, healthcare, and space and deep‐sea exploration.
Engineered Bio‐Based Hydrogels for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Peng Yuxuan , Liang Shuang , Meng Qian‐Fang , Liu Dan , Ma Kongshuo , Zhou Mengli , Yun Kaiqing , Rao Lang , Wang Zhaohui
Published: February 2024

Immunotherapy represents a revolutionary paradigm in cancer management, showcasing its potential to impede tumor metastasis and recurrence. Nonetheless, challenges including limited therapeutic efficacy and severe immune‐related side effects are frequently encountered, especially in solid tumors. Hydrogels, a class of versatile materials featuring well‐hydrated structures widely used in biomedicine, offer a promising platform for encapsulating and releasing small molecule drugs, biomacromolecules, and cells in a controlled manner. Immunomodulatory hydrogels present a unique capability for augmenting immune activation and mitigating systemic toxicity through encapsulation of multiple components and localized administration. Notably, hydrogels based on biopolymers have gained significant interest owing to their biocompatibility, environmental friendliness, and ease of production. This review delves into the recent advances in bio‐based hydrogels in cancer immunotherapy and synergistic combinatorial approaches, highlighting their diverse applications. It is anticipated that this review will guide the rational design of hydrogels in the field of cancer immunotherapy, fostering clinical translation and ultimately benefiting patients.
Conformal Broad‐Spectra Laser Sensing Array from Ferroelectric Polymer Composites
Authors: Fu Mengyuan , Guo Mengfan , Yang Minzheng , Zhou Le , Shen Yang
Published: February 2024

Photoelectric sensors based on charge‐coupled device (CCD) and complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) used to be planar image sensors due to the rigidity of the base materials. Moreover, they are limited to a narrow reaction wavelength range. Here, a conformal broad‐spectra laser sensor based on a flexible metal‐ferroelectric‐metal photocapacitor is promoted. The photocapacitance signal is attributed to the photothermal effect of copper (Cu) electrode and gold nanoparticles (Au NP), and the temperature‐dependent property of the dielectric constant of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) (PVDF‐TrFE). Cu/PVDF‐TrFE/Cu and Cu/Au NP@PVDF‐TrFE/Cu flexible photocapacitors have a reliable photocapacitive response from −60 to 60 °C. Meanwhile, both photocapacitors respond from 265 to 980 nm due to the absorption of light by the composite structure, which can be used for broad‐spectra photodetection. The addition of a small amount of Au NP (0.05 vol%) effectively improves the photoresponsiveness of the device. Real‐time photodetection is realized on a hemispherical surface, and these photocapacitors with conformal characteristics are expected to gain application in an omnidirectional broad‐spectra laser alarming system.
Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Conjugated Magnetite‐Chitosan Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Removal of Complex Pollutants
Authors: Qu Xiangmeng , Zhang Hongbo , Kong Haixin , Chen Dong , Yang Zhou , Mäkilä Ermei , Salonen Jarno , Santos Hélder A. , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A.
Published: February 2024

The effective removal of complex pollutants is extremely challenging for environmental and material science, especially pollutants including detergents and pesticides do not decompose or degrade in the aquatic environment which cannot be easily removed. Here, a novel biocompatible superparamagnetic nanocomposite integrating the advantages of porous silicon nanoparticles is developed, the chelation ability of chitosan, and graphene‐oxide‐iron that can simultaneously adsorb complex hydrophobic and hydrophilic pollutants on their internal and external surfaces which have significantly improved pollutant removal efficiency over the current existing methods. A porous silicon nanoparticle (PSi) conjugated magnetite‐chitosan‐reduced graphene oxide (MCRGO) nanoparticles (PSi‐MCRGO) are synthesized for complete removal of detergent, pesticide, and toxic heavy metals cadmium and lead ions from water at a favorable room temperature. The adsorption behavior of the nanocomposites fits well with the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model by adsorption mechanism. Moreover, the fresh and recycled nanocomposites are easily separated by an external magnetic field for reusability due to super magnetite response and show high binding capacity for toxic heavy metal ions. Furthermore, the nanocomposites are biocompatible and reusable, and for the fourth time, recycled nanocomposites can completely remove toxic heavy metals. Overall, the novel nanocomposites completely remove complex pollutants which hold great potential for real water treatment.
Exploration of Electrode‐Electrolyte‐in‐One System Based on Fluorine/Chloride Ion Battery
Authors: Wu Mengqi , Hu Xuechen , Cui Fuhan , Wang Jianglong , Zhao Chunyu , Shi Xingqiang , Liu Huanjuan , Wang Ruining , Zhang Hu , Jin Chendong , Gong Penglai , Cai Dong , Wei Yingjin , Lian Ruqian
Published: February 2024

With an increasingly profound understanding of battery materials, strategies designed for interface protection have become more sophisticated. However, it is inherent that different materials used in electrodes and electrolytes tend to react with each other. To address this issue, this study proposes an “Electrode‐Electrolyte‐In‐One” (EEIO) concept, where a single energy storage material can serve as both electrode and solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) during its different ion storage stages. The EEIO materials of chloride ion batteries and fluorine ion batteries are preliminarily studied, establishing reasonable screening procedures and predicting their operational mechanisms. The analysis of Cl− and F− affinity indicates that the EEIO system in the anion storage batteries comprises the anode and SSE. Through comprehensive evaluation of ion binding capacity, phase transformation mechanism, electrical conductivity, and ion diffusion kinetic properties, several potential EEIO materials are identified. In the EEIO system, the material interface and the conductive‐insulation interface are separated, which solves the material compatibility problem between the anode and SSE. Furthermore, the EEIO system has an inherent correlation between the anode electrochemical reaction and the SSE decomposition reaction, ensuring that the electrochemical voltage of EEIO batteries never exceeds the decomposition voltage of SSE. Therefore, SSE in the EEIO battery has absolute electrochemical stability.
Nitrogen fertilizer source, rate, placement, and application timing effect on sorghum (grain and forage) and corn grain yields
Authors: Holman Johnathan D. , Ruiz Diaz Dorivar A. , Obour Augustine K. , Assefa Yared
Published: February 2024

Identifying the limiting nutrient, fertilizer source, rate, placement, additives, and timing of application are critical components of fertilizer management. The objective of this study was to quantify the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer source, rate, placement method, additives, application timing, and environment on yields of grain sorghum, forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and corn (for grain, Zea mays L.). Independent field experiments were conducted at 13 different environments in Kansas from 2008 through 2013 on grain sorghum, forage sorghum, and corn. Treatments were an incomplete factorial combination of four fertilizer placement methods, three fertilizer types, five fertilizer additives, three fertilizer application times, and six fertilizer rates that varied by location and across years. Results showed grain and forage sorghum yields responded to N fertilizer in environments that were not extremely dry (<136 mm) or wet (>651 mm). Corn responded to N fertilizer application only in high‐precipitation environments. For grain sorghum, where rate × placement × source × additive interaction was significant, broadcast application of urea (source) at high rates (67–134 kg N ha−1), with summer application timing, or with additive in winter (with environmentally smart nitrogen [ESN]) resulted in up to 43% greater yield compared with application of urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN; source) and surface band (placement) at 67 kg ha−1 without additives. In the one site‐year where forage sorghum responded to fertilizer application, forage yields with preplant application of UAN at 56–140 kg ha−1 were 164% greater than the control. For corn, application of either urea or UAN fertilizer, UAN in coulter or surface band, with ESN blend, applied at planting, and at highest rates (160 kg ha−1) resulted in best yields compared with the alternatives and 110% greater yield compared with the unfertilized control. We concluded that fertilizer rate is an important management component as it consistently affected yield regardless of crop considered. Fertilizer placement and timing have crop‐specific importance as they were significant for only corn, but the main effect of additives (N stabilizers) was not significant for any of the crops. Environment and crop type influenced crop response to N fertilizer rate, timing, placement, and additives.
Development of a gridded yield data archive for farm management and research at the USDA Beltsville Agricultural Research Center
Authors: Dulaney Wayne P. , Anderson Martha C. , Gao Feng , Stern Alan , Moglen Glenn , Meyers George , Daughtry Craig S. T. , White William , Akumaga Uvirkaa , Showalter Jennifer
Published: February 2024

High‐quality, gridded maps of crop yield, which discern the spatial variability in productivity across individual farm fields, are extremely valuable in numerous agricultural and remote sensing applications. The availability of these data was greatly facilitated by the development and adoption of grain yield monitors starting in the early 1990s. However, the utility of raw yield monitor data is limited if additional processing has not been carried out to ensure data quality. In addition, a readily accessible data repository that allows for examining long‐term yield variability in response to climate and management is often not available. We present a protocol for producing a multi‐year (7 years currently processed), gridded yield data archive derived from yield monitor data acquired from over 40 production fields at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) in Beltsville, MD. Production of the archive involved the projection of the yield monitor data into a geographic coordinate system suitable for mapping, the identification and removal of data outliers, and the production of gridded, spatially interpolated yield maps using block Kriging. All map products were produced in common, nonproprietary file formats for easy access. Preliminary assessments of the processed yield monitor data have underscored the necessity of data filtering and have shown the influence of previous land use practices and biophysical properties, such as topography and soil moisture availability, on yield response. We discuss the use of spatially interpolated, archival yield maps in the implementation of precision farming techniques such as the development of site‐specific variable rate prescriptions as well as remote sensing applications, including the selection of field sites for long‐term agricultural experiments and the assessment of crop modeling approaches. The gridded yield data archive will be housed at the National Agricultural Library as a dynamic dataset that will continue to expand in breadth and depth. It will be a part of and provide support to internal USDA yield monitoring investigations as well as complementary external efforts. All geospatial data delivered to NAL will adhere to the ISO 19115 Geospatial Metadata Standards to provide the user with a full understanding of the yield monitor and associated datasets.
Nitrogen application and cultivar effects on industrial hemp yield dynamics
Authors: Kaur Navdeep , Griffin Winnifred , Sandhu Amanpreet , Sidhu Simranpreet , Brym Zack , Sharma Lakesh
Published: February 2024

Renewed interest in hemp (Cannabis sativa L., <0.3% delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol) production has motivated investigations into crop management and fertilizer application. Due to fertilizer regulations, soil characteristics, and unique climatic conditions in Florida, researching nutrient management for region‐specific hemp cultivation is essential. A study conducted in central Florida during 2021 and 2022 used six nitrogen (N) rates (0, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280 kg ha−1) and five cultivars (NWG‐2730, X‐59, Bialobrzeskie, IH Williams, and Yuma) as a first effort to develop producer‐oriented fertilizer guidelines. The field experiments employed a randomized complete block design across N rates and varieties, with N applied in three split applications. The results indicated an interaction between cultivars and N rates, as expected due to their diverse genetic and geographic origins. Challenges in genetic and germination quality resulted in grain and biomass yield of two cultivars, X‐59 and Bialobrzeskie, that did not respond to the N application. Conversely, NWG‐2730, IH Williams, and Yuma cultivars demonstrated significantly higher yields within the 168–280 kg ha−1 N range. Moreover, cultivars demonstrated differing emergence counts (field count), and findings indicated a correlation between emergence and plant count at harvest (r = 0.68 and p = 0). The study also found a difference in germination count versus field count (after adjusting the seed rate depending on germination percentage). Enhanced plant count at harvest substantially elevated grain and biomass yield. The N application positively influenced plant height across all cultivars except Bialobrzeskie. Optimal plant height was achieved within the 168–280 kg N ha−1 range. Therefore, optimizing N rates and selecting cultivars (with higher emergence rates in the field) could help achieve higher biomass and grain yields.
Active Whisker‐Inspired Food Material Surface Property Measurement Using Deep‐Learned Mechanosensor
Authors: Park Jieun , Kim Minho , Park Jinhyung , Hong Myungrae , Im Sunghoon , Choi Damin , Kim Eunyoung , Gong Dohyeon , Huh Seokhaeng , Jo Seung‐Un , Kim ChangHwan , Koh Je‐Sung , Han Seungyong , Kang Daeshik
Published: February 2024

Rat whiskers are an exceptional sensing system, extracting information from their surrounding environment. Inspired by this concept, active whisker sensors measure various physical and geometric properties through contact with objects. However, previous research has focused on measuring the object geometry, often overlooking the potential for broader applications of the sensors. Herein, an active whisker sensor that enables simple measurement of the surface properties such as surface hardness and adhesiveness is reported. Composed of motor‐, wire‐, and crack‐based mechanosensor, the active whisker sensor implements a tapping process inspired by the movement of a rat's whiskers to quickly evaluate the object surface. One area of potential application is the food industry. The active whisker sensors offer a new approach to measuring surface properties of viscoelastic and inelastic food that are difficult to measure with traditional bulky systems. Herein, it is validated that the tapping process can be used to measure the surface properties of a various foods. With the aid of machine learning algorithms, sensor can also recognize differences in the surface properties of bananas at different ripeness stages and classify them with 99% accuracy. In this report, the possibilities for applications of active whisker sensors, including food industry, robotics, and medical devices, are opened up.
Development of a new cerebral ischemia reperfusion model of Mongolian gerbils and standardized evaluation system
Authors: Wu Ying , Hu Caijiao , Li Zhihui , Li Feiyang , Lv Jianyi , Guo Meng , Liu Xin , Li Changlong , Huo Xueyun , Chen Zhenwen , Yang Lifeng , Du Xiaoyan
Published: February 2024

Background

The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent laboratory animal for preparing the cerebral ischemia model due to its inherent deficiency in the circle of Willis. However, the low incidence and unpredictability of symptoms are caused by numerous complex variant types of the circle. Additionally, the lack of an evaluation system for the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model of gerbils has shackled the application of this model.

Methods

We created a symptom‐oriented principle and detailed neurobehavioral scoring criteria. At different time points of reperfusion, we analyzed the alteration in locomotion by rotarod test and grip force score, infarct volume by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neuron loss using Nissl staining, and histological characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) straining.

Results

With a successful model rate of 56%, 32 of the 57 gerbils operated by our method harbored typical features of cerebral I/R injury, and the mortality rate in the male gerbils was significantly higher than that in the female gerbils. The successfully prepared I/R gerbils demonstrated a significant reduction in motility and grip strength at 1 day after reperfusion; formed obvious infarction; exhibited typical pathological features, such as tissue edema, neuronal atrophy and death, and vacuolated structures; and were partially recovered with the extension of reperfusion time.

Conclusion

This study developed a new method for the unilateral common carotid artery ligation I/R model of gerbil and established a standardized evaluation system for this model, which could provide a new cerebral I/R model of gerbils with more practical applications.
Emodin promotes the recovery of rheumatoid arthritis by regulating the crosstalk between macrophage subsets and synovial fibroblast subsets
Authors: Cheng Lianying , Rong Xiaofeng
Published: February 2024

Background

To study the relationships among emodin, synovial fibroblasts (FLSs), and macrophages (STMs) to provide guidance for the use of emodin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.

Methods

RA clinical samples from patients with different pathological processes were collected, and the correlations between the subsets of FLSs and STMs and pathological processes were analyzed via flow cytometry. In vitro experimental methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, Transwell assays, CCK‐8 assays and cell coculture were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and secretion of inflammatory factors. A collagen‐induced arthritis mouse model was constructed to investigate the therapeutic potential of emodin in RA by flow cytometry, micro‐CT and staining.

Results

Unique subsets of FLSs and STMs, namely, FAPα+THY1− FLSs, FAPα+THY1+ FLSs, and MerTKposTREM2high STMs, were identified in synovial tissues from RA patients. The number of MerTKposTREM2high STMs was negatively correlated with the degree of damage in RA, while the number of FAPα+THY1− FLSs was positively correlated with damage. On the one hand, emodin promoted the aggregation of MerTKposTREM2high STMs. Moreover, MerTKposTREM2high STM‐mediated secretion of exosomes was promoted, which can inhibit the secretion of pro‐inflammatory factors by FAPα+THY1+ FLSs and promote the secretion of anti‐inflammatory factors by FAPα+THY1+ FLSs, thereby inhibiting FAPα+THY1−FLS proliferation and migration, improving the local immune microenvironment, and inhibiting RA damage.

Conclusion

Emodin was shown to regulate the aggregation of STM subsets and exosome secretion, affecting the secretion, proliferation and migration of inflammatory factors in FLS subsets, and ultimately achieving good therapeutic efficacy in RA patients, suggesting that it has important clinical value.
Verstärkung von chiroptischen Eigenschaften in helikalen Nanographenen durch geometrische Anpassung von Doppel‐[7]Helicenen
Authors: Niu Wenhui , Fu Yubin , Deng Qingsong , Qiu Zhen‐Lin , Liu Fupin , Popov Alexey A. , Komber Hartmut , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2024

Helikale Nanographene (NG) mit hohen Quantenausbeuten und starken chiroptischen Antworten sind entscheidend für die Entwicklung von lumineszenten Materialien mit zirkularer Polarisation (engl. circular polarized luminescence, CPL). Hier berichten wir von der erfolgreichen Synthese neuartiger π‐erweiterter Doppel‐[7]Helicene (ED7Hs), bei denen sich zwei Helicen‐Einheiten meta bzw. para am zentralen Benzenring befinden. Sie sind damit strukturelle Isomere des bekannten ortho‐ED7H. Die strukturelle Integrität und Geometrie der ED7Hs wurde eindeutig durch Röntgen‐Einkristalldiffraktometrie aufgeklärt. Die ED7Hs besitzen eine ausgeprägte Fluoreszenz mit Quantenausbeuten über 40 %. Durch Variation der relativen Positionen der Doppel‐[7]Helicene am zentralen Benzenring (ortho, meta, para) kann eine außergewöhnliche Verstärkung der chiroptischen Eigenschaften registriert werden. Diese Verbesserung zeigt sich in einem etwa fünffachen Anstieg der Absorbanz und Lumineszenz‐Dissymmetriefaktoren (gabs und glum) sowie einer erhöhten CPL‐Helligkeit von bis zu 176 M−1 cm−1, was die Leistung der meisten helicenbasierten chiralen NGs übertrifft. Des weiteren zeigen DFT‐Simulationen, dass die relative geometrische Lage der [7]Helicene eine präzise Anpassung der elektrischen und magnetischen Übergangsdipolmomente zur Folge hat, welche die beobachteten Verstärkungen der chiroptischen Eigenschaften erklären. Diese Studie liefert eine effektive Strategie zur Verstärkung der CPL‐Eigenschaften chiraler Nanographene, welche ihre Anwendbarkeit als CPL‐Emitter verbessert.
Zwei Sesterterpen‐Syntasen aus Lentzea atacamensis demonstrieren die Rolle der Konformationsvariabilität in der Terpenbiosynthese
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: February 2024

Studien an zwei Multiprodukt‐Sesterterpensynthasen aus Lentzea atacamensis führten zur Identifizierung der Synthasen für Lentzeadien (LaLDS) und Atacamatrien (LaATS). Das Hauptprodukt von LaLDS (Lentzeadien) ist eine neue Verbindung, während eines der Nebenprodukte (Lentzeatetraen) das Enantiomer von Brassitetraen B ist und ein anderes Nebenprodukt (Sestermobaraen F) von einer überraschend weit entfernt verwandten Sesterterpensynthase bekannt ist. LaATS stellt sechs neue Verbindungen her, darunter das Enantiomer des bekannten Sesterterpens Bm1. Bemerkenswert ist, dass die Produkte beider Enzyme nicht alle aus ein und derselben Ausgangskonformation von Geranylfarnesyldiphosphat erklärt werden können, was die Notwendigkeit einer Konformationsflexibilität des Substrats in den aktiven Zentren der Enzyme zeigt. Für Lentzeadien wurde eine faszinierende thermische [1,5]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung entdeckt, die an die Biosynthese von Vitamin D3 erinnert. Alle Enzymreaktionen und die [1,5]‐sigmatrope Umlagerung wurden durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Berechnungen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen auch die Bedeutung von Konformationsänderungen während Terpencyclisierungen.
Enhancing Chiroptical Responses in Helical Nanographenes via Geometric Engineering of Double [7]Helicenes
Authors: Niu Wenhui , Fu Yubin , Deng Qingsong , Qiu Zhen‐Lin , Liu Fupin , Popov Alexey A. , Komber Hartmut , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: February 2024

Helical nanographenes with high quantum yields and strong chiroptical responses are pivotal for developing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. Here, we present the successful synthesis of novel π‐extended double [7]helicenes (ED7Hs) where two helicene units are fused at the meta‐ or para‐position of the middle benzene ring, respectively, as the structural isomers of the reported ortho‐fused ED7H. The structural geometry of these ED7Hs is clearly characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Notably, this class of ED7Hs exhibits bright luminescence with high quantum yields exceeding 40 %. Through geometric regulation of two embedded [7]helicene units from ortho‐, meta‐ to para‐position, these ED7Hs display exceptional amplification in chiroptical responses. This enhancement is evident in a remarkable approximate fivefold increase in the absorbance and luminescence dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum), respectively, along with a boosted CPL brightness up to 176 M−1 cm−1, surpassing the performance of most helicene‐based chiral NGs. Furthermore, DFT calculations elucidate that the geometric adjustment of two [7]helicene units allows the precise alignment of electric and magnetic transition dipole moments, leading to the observed enhancement of their chiroptical responses. This study offers an effective strategy for magnifying the CPL performance in chiral NGs, promoting their expanded application as CPL emitters.
Two Sesterterpene Synthases from Lentzea atacamensis Demonstrate the Role of Conformational Variability in Terpene Biosynthesis
Authors: Gu Binbin , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: February 2024

Mining of two multiproduct sesterterpene synthases from Lentzea atacamensis resulted in the identification of the synthases for lentzeadiene (LaLDS) and atacamatriene (LaATS). The main product of LaLDS (lentzeadiene) is a new compound, while one of the side products (lentzeatetraene) is the enantiomer of brassitetraene B and the other side product (sestermobaraene F) is known from a surprisingly distantly related sesterterpene synthase. LaATS produces six new compounds, one of which is the enantiomer of the known sesterterpene Bm1. Notably, for both enzymes the products cannot all be explained from one and the same starting conformation of geranylfarnesyl diphosphate, demonstrating the requirement of conformational flexibility of the substrate in the enzymes’ active sites. For lentzeadiene an intriguing thermal [1,5]‐sigmatropic rearrangement was discovered, reminiscent of the biosynthesis of vitamin D3. All enzyme reactions and the [1,5]‐sigmatropic rearrangement were investigated through isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations. The results also emphasize the importance of conformational changes during terpene cyclizations.
Complexation behavior of copper and zinc divalent ions towards diisatin malonyl dihydrazone ligand with biological and catalytic assessments
Authors: Adam Mohamed Shaker S. , Alghanim Alhanoof S. I. , Abualreish Mustafa J. Abdelmageed , Taha Amel , Mohamad Ahmed D. M.
Published: February 2024

According to the interesting reactivity of arylhydrazones in coordination chemistry and biological assays, malonyl dihydrazone ligand of diisatin derivative (H2Lm) was reacted with Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions forming two complexes of dinuclear homoleptic mode (CuLm and ZnLm, respectively). Demonstration of their chemical structures was confirmed through various spectroscopic ways alongside the elemental analyses (EA), conductivity measurements, and magnetic characteristics.

Their bio‐performance was recorded based on their inhibited potential of the growing ability of some common bacteria, fungi, and human cancer/normal cell lines. The biological studies appointed the role and job of M2+ ion = Cu2+ or Zn2+ in its chelated MLm complex to perform the bio‐reactivity over the free ligand, H2Lm. Moreover, their interacted modes with ctDNA (i.e., calf thymus DNA) were examined via the viscometry and spectrophotometric titration. Because the two chelates (CuLm and ZnLm) represented an attractive job for the inhibited action against the current microorganisms and the human cancer/normal strains' growth over the free H2Lm ligand, CuLm and ZnLm complexes displayed a distinguished interaction with ctDNA more than that of their uncoordinated H2Lm ligand. From the values of binding constant (Kb) and Gibb's free energy (
), CuLm assigned more bio‐action within ctDNA more than ZnLm H2Lm ligand, referring to the role of Cu2+ ion with more electronegativity to enhance the reactivity of CuLm over their free H2Lm ligand and ZnLm.

The catalytic behavior of CuLm and ZnLm was given within the epoxidation of 1,2‐cyclohexene (an example of unsaturated hydrocarbons) homogeneously using hydrogen peroxide (the oxidant). Their catalytic action was optimized through various temperatures, solvents, time, and type of M2+ ion in the catalyst.
Cu2O nanocubes as gas sensing elements for food packaging applications
Authors: Gagaoudakis Emmanouil , Sfakianou Angelliki , Mantsiou Eleni , Binas Vassilios
Published: February 2024

Intelligent packaging has attracted research interest during the last decades. More specifically, food packaging is of great importance due to the utmost need to monitor and maintain food quality until consumption. Thus, there is a high demand for sensors capable of detecting gases such as CO2, emitted by packaged meat or chicken which serve as freshness indicators. In the present work, a sensor based on Cu2O nanocubes was fabricated and tested against CO2 at room temperature. Cu2O nanocubes were synthesized by solution‐based methods and deposited on commercial interdigitated electrodes. Specifically, the Cu2O‐based sensor successfully detected down to 5% CO2 (50,000 ppm) in the ambient atmosphere, at room temperature, with a response time of less than 90 s. This level of CO2 is in the range that indicates the unsuitability of packaged meat for consumption. Furthermore, the sensor was able to maintain its response to CO2 after being stored in the fridge for 20 days, showcasing its endurance under food maintenance conditions.
Trophic niche patterns of endangered Sandelia bainsii and Amatolacypris trevelyani in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: Insights from stable isotope analysis
Authors: Kadye Wilbert T. , Nkomo Thulisile , Kambikambi Manda J. , Chakona Albert
Published: February 2024

Despite supporting a disproportionately large fraction of the global biodiversity, freshwater ecosystems are ranked as the most highly threatened habitats ahead of both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, many regions are still characterized by limited knowledge on taxonomy and ecology of freshwater fishes. The need for ecological information in understudied regions is important particularly where there are recent discoveries of new species and unique lineages and for threatened and endangered taxa that require conservation management.

This study evaluated the trophic ecology of two freshwater fish species Sandelia bainsii and Amatolacypris trevelyani that are both classified as endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. These two species, which are narrow‐range endemics in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, comprise allopatric lineages whose ecology is poorly known. This study used stable isotope analysis to evaluate the food web patterns, explore the trophic niche dynamics and estimate the prey source contributions for the two species in different headwater habitats.

The fishes isotopic niche sizes were spatially variable, suggesting the likely importance of stochastic variation in resource availability and probable interspecific interactions. The three lineages within S. bainsii exhibited low isotopic niche overlap onto those of sympatric fishes in most habitats. Isotopic mixing model revealed that these lineages' diets were mostly dominated by gatherers/collectors. In comparison, the two lineages within A. trevelyani exhibited high niche overlap with other species and generally had variable diets.

Despite the low and high niche overlap patterns of S. bainsii and A. trevelyani, respectively, the isotopic niche overlap patterns of co‐occurring species onto those of the former suggest the likely lack of competitive hierarchies. The trophic niche patterns of these two endangered species helped to shed some light on the potential invasion risks by non‐piscivorous fishes with opportunistic feeding habits, which could exert competitive interspecific interactions.
Student's perspectives of inclusive practices in anatomy education
Authors: Longhurst Georga Jane , Bazira Peter J. , Finn Gabrielle Maria
Published: February 2024

There is a drive to implement inclusive practices in anatomy by adapting curricula and utilizing inclusive language and resources that negate biases. However, to date there is no data regarding student's perception of inclusivity. Therefore, the study aims to investigate anatomy student's opinions on inclusive practices in anatomy education based on the protected characteristics of age, disability, ethnicity, gender affirmation and sex. One hundred and forty‐five students completed a questionnaire with 21 Likert‐scale and two open‐ended questions. Kruskal–Wallis tests compared responses by groups defined by the protected characteristics of the Equality Act (2010). Most students (71.2%; n = 84) agreed or strongly agreed that “improving inclusivity in anatomy education should be educator's priority”. In terms of representation, there was a statistically different response rate from students from different ethnic backgrounds to the statements “there are anatomy educators” (p < 0.001), “images in textbooks” (p < 0.001) and “models in the dissection room” (p < 0.001) “that look like me”. Most students agreed or strongly agreed to statements relating to the protected characteristics of age (70.4%; n = 68), disability (78.6%; n = 77), ethnicity (59.8%; n = 64), gender affirmation (46.3%; n = 46) and sex (51.5%; n = 62). Themes identified relating to improving inclusivity included “reflecting reality”, “teaching the truth”, “the invisibility of women” and the “learning environment”. Students have confirmed that anatomists, as gatekeepers of the knowledge of the human body, should foster inclusive teaching practices that will benefit all students and potentially future patient care.
Distributed maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter under hybrid attacks in non‐Gaussian environment
Authors: Liu Ting , Ma Haiping , Huang Jiyuan , Yu Mei , Du Dajun
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses a distributed nonlinear filtering issue based on maximum correntropy for dealing with randomly occurring hybrid cyber‐attacks in non‐Gaussian environment. The types of cyber‐attacks include denial of service attacks and deception attacks. First, a modified distributed unscented Kalman filter is proposed, using Cauchy kernel‐based maximum correntropy criterion instead of the traditional mean square error criterion, against cyber‐attacks and non‐Gaussian noise. Then based on fixed‐point iterative rules and information fusion strategy, the update equations of state estimates and covariance matrices of the proposed filter are obtained. Furthermore, the sufficient condition guaranteeing its convergence and computational complexity are also given. Finally, an illustrative example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed filter under hybrid cyber‐attacks in non‐Gaussian environment.
Bayesian cell therapy process optimization
Authors: Claes Evan , Heck Tommy , Coddens Kathleen , Sonnaert Maarten , Schrooten Jan , Verwaeren Jan
Published: February 2024

Optimizing complex bioprocesses poses a significant challenge in several fields, particularly in cell therapy manufacturing. The development of customized, closed, and automated processes is crucial for their industrial translation and for addressing large patient populations at a sustainable price. Limited understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms, coupled with highly resource‐intensive experimentation, are two contributing factors that make the development of these next‐generation processes challenging. Bayesian optimization (BO) is an iterative experimental design methodology that addresses these challenges, but has not been extensively tested in situations that require parallel experimentation with significant experimental variability. In this study, we present an evaluation of noisy, parallel BO for increasing noise levels and parallel batch sizes on two in silico bioprocesses, and compare it to the industry state‐of‐the‐art. As an in vitro showcase, we apply the method to the optimization of a monocyte purification unit operation. The in silico results show that BO significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art, requiring approximately 50% fewer experiments on average. This study highlights the potential of noisy, parallel BO as valuable tool for cell therapy process development and optimization.
The role of business and management in driving the sustainable development goals (SDGs): Current insights and future directions from a systematic review
Authors: Mahajan Ritika , Kumar Satish , Lim Weng Marc , Sareen Monica
Published: February 2024

The pursuit of sustainable development goals (SDGs) extends beyond governmental responsibility, demanding active engagement from businesses and managers. This study systematically reviews SDG‐related research within the fields of business and management to elucidate their roles in advancing this global agenda. By analyzing a corpus of pertinent studies from Scopus and Web of Science through bibliometric–content analysis, this study not only identifies publication trends, prominent contributors, theories, contexts, and methods but also uncovers the evolving roles of businesses and managers in driving the SDGs. The main themes emerging from this analysis include (1) forging sustainable partnerships, practices, and policies, reflecting businesses' role in stakeholder collaboration and policymaking; (2) addressing contemporary sustainability challenges like artificial intelligence and the dynamics of emerging economies; (3) balancing economic advancement with environmental sustainability, highlighting businesses' impact on ecological footprints and the importance of green finance; (4) integrating financial development considerations with ecological responsibility; (5) promoting equity and well‐being, underscoring the influence of businesses and managers on societal welfare; and (6) shaping governance frameworks for sustainable production and consumption. These themes collectively paint a comprehensive picture of how business and management practices are crucial in achieving the SDGs, offering insights into current contributions, and charting potential pathways for future research and implementation.
Digital transformation, ESG practice, and total factor productivity
Authors: Ding Xiangan , Sheng Zhonglin , Appolloni Andrea , Shahzad Mohsin , Han Shaojie
Published: February 2024

Recent research provides limited knowledge about how and whether digital transformation related to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) affects the total factor productivity (TFP). To fill the gap, this study explores the impact of digital transformation on TFP based on a fixed‐effect model and the staggered difference‐in‐differences method and reveals that digital transformation can boost corporate TFP. Mechanism analysis reveals that digital transformation promotes ESG performance in companies, thereby affecting TFP. Social performance in ESG plays a mediating effect, while environmental performance plays a suppressing effect. Besides, the primary driver of TFP improvement through digital transformation lies in its direct effect, whereas the indirect effect of ESG factors is relatively limited. Our findings provide new insight into how digital transformation promotes corporate ESG and productivity.