bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zn(O,S) Synthesis Temperature to Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Performance
Authors: Abdullah Hairus , Gultom Noto Susanto , Kuo Dong-Hau , Saragih Albert Daniel
Published: September 2019

About 80% of global energy demands had been fulfilled with the utilization of fossil fuels and accordingly, CO2 amount in the air had been increased to 406 ppm (∼40% higher than pre-industrial level). Therefore, to find clean, renewable, and carbon-free alternative energy sources such as hydrogen energy is greatly needed. In this work, hydrogen was photo-catalytically evolved with Zn(O,S) nanoparticles (NPs) in 10% ethanol as a hole scavenger reagent without Pt as a co-catalyst under low UV light illumination. To find out the optimum processing temperature, Zn(O,S) NPs were prepared in three different temperatures (50, 70, and 90 °C) with 4-h reactions in aqueous solution. The as-prepared catalysts were tested for their capabilities to evolve hydrogen and the experimental data revealed the produced hydrogen amounts were enhanced as the processing temperature increased. It was also found that the as-prepared catalysts were reusable and stable, although the colour of catalyst was changed from white to grey during the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and was changed back to white colour after HER was accomplished. The change in catalyst colour indicated the formation of oxygen vacancy on catalyst which further enhanced the HER. The highest amount of evolved hydrogen achieved 2.7 mmol/gh.
Optimization Consumer Cost of Food Industry with Perishable Characteristic
Authors: Rizkya I , Nasution A A , Syahputri K , Sari R M , Siregar I , Erwin
Published: September 2019

Food product has time limit usage, namely expired date. The time limit for product usage (expiration) is one of the factors affects the number of inventory and total inventory costs. Expiration factors are important in planning because they do not only affect the costs to the company but also includes product safety issues when consumed. Products are close to expirate date will decrease in sales value until they have no value at all. Expiration factors must be considered in determining the optimal number of inventory capable to minimize the number of expired products and minimize the number of lost sales. This paper describes the Q method approach to obtain optimal order size capable to minimize expired products and lost sales to the consumer. Q model approach is used for product inventory models are undurable. The product inventory model for undurable product calculates the inventory not only minimize due to demand but also due to damage. The study was conducted to minimize the total costs by consumers cost and considering expired factors and lost sales. The results obtained in this article shows that the total cost of consumers is IDR 3.430.756/month and acceptance frequency is 22 times per month.
Expert System for Diagnosis Chicken Disease using Bayes Theorem
Authors: Sihotang Hengki Tamando , Riandari Fristi , Simanjorang R.Mahdalena , Simangunsong Agustina , Hasugian Penda Sudarto
Published: September 2019

Chicken disease is a condition in which the body organs of chickens cannot function normally. Diagnosing a disease requires symptoms that appear on the chicken’s body. To conduct a disease diagnosis, further examination is needed by specialists (experts). An expert system is a system that uses human knowledge that is entered into a computer to solve problems that are usually resolved by experts. The system created in solving problems uses the Bayes Theorem method in which the inference process uses Forward Chaining. The application was developed using the visual basic 2010 programming language and MySQL database.
Design and implementation of mapping public waste disposal in jambi city with geographical information system based on android application
Authors: Oktarino Ade , Listautin  , Siagian Saut
Published: September 2019

This system is an application that is expected to give the solution of the problems currently faced by the Agency in Jambi City. This system is designed to be as can be used by users to send problems regarding the waste disposal to the Jambi City Agency and can be used to find the location of the public waste disposal that is closest to the user’s location by using Android; can be used by the Jambi City Agency’s staff to make the Jambi City to be cleaner if there is a problem regarding the public waste disposal that sent by the user; and can be used anywhere, because this application is designed and can run on Android-based smartphones.
Analysis of the K-Means Algorithm on Clean Water Customers Based on the Province
Authors: Windarto Agus Perdana , Hasan Siregar Muhammad Noor , Suharso Wildan , Fachri Barany , Supriyatna Adi , Carolina Irmawati , Efendi Yoyon , Toresa Dafwen
Published: September 2019

One of the important needs of environmental health is clean water. Clean water is the most important necessity of living beings in supporting survival. The study aimed to cluster the number of cleaned water customers by province (1995-2015). The method used is data mining clustering using k-means. The sample data used 34 provinces with attribute assessment of the number of cleaned water customers by province. The clustering process is done with 3 clusters, namely (C1) Cluster High, (C2) Cluster Normal and (C3) Cluster Low, for the number of cleaned water customers who are low on the need of clean water. The results showed, C1: 6 provinces, C2: 4 provinces and C3: 24 provinces. The end centroid values used are: C1 (296587.22), C2 (995898.56) and C3 (70832.29). The results obtained on the Davies-Bouldin index for “the number of cleaned water consumers” are -0.470. based on performance results, it can be concluded that k-means algorithm is best because it has the smallest Davies-Bouldin index value. Based on research results, 70% of Indonesian people are still low awareness of the need for clean water.
C.45 Classification Rules Model for Determining Students Level of Understanding of the Subject
Authors: Katrina Wiwiek , Damanik Habibah Jayanti , Parhusip Friskila , Hartama Dedy , Windarto Agus Perdana , Wanto Anjar
Published: September 2019

This study aims to classify the level of understanding of students at STIKOM Tunas Bangsa. Data obtained from the results of even semester semester student questionnaires, with data samples of 165 students. The attributes used are 5, namely communication (C1), learning atmosphere (C2), learning media (C3), appearance (C4) and teaching methods (C5). The method used in this research is C4.5 Algorithm and processed using RapidMiner software to make decision trees. From the results of the study obtained eight rules to determine the level of student understanding, 4 rules understand and 4 rules do not understand. The C4.5 algorithm is accurately applied to determine the level of understanding of students with an accuracy rate of 87.50%. With this analysis, it is expected that it can help institutions in improving the quality of education through the performance of lecturers in the teaching and learning process. So as to produce STIKOM Tunas Bangsa graduates who are rich in knowledge and useful for the community.
Analysis of the ELECTRE Method on the Selection of Student Creativity Program Proposals
Authors: R.H Zer P.P.P.A.N.W Fikrul Ilmi , Masitha  , Windarto Agus Perdana , Wanto Anjar
Published: September 2019

Creativity is a potential that is owned by every human being and not received from outside the individual. Human creativity, born together with the birth of the human being. Student Creativity Program is one form of effort carried out by students and lecturers in improving the quality of students’ education in universities so that they can apply, develop, and disseminate knowledge, technology and culture and enrich national culture. This study aims to analyze the selection of proposals that are eligible to be submitted to the Directorate General of Learning and Student Affairs, Ministry of Research Technology, and Higher Education through the url https://simbelmawa.risteldikti.go.id using the ELECTRE (ELimination and Choice Expressing Reality) method by using 8 assessment criteria namely Title (C1), Abstract (C2), Introduction (C3), Objective (C4), Method (C5), Results and Discussion (C6), Conclusions (C7), Bibliography (C8). And the results of the study obtained 10 proposals worth submitting from the 15 proposals selected. The results of this study can answer the formulation of the problem and become a recommendation in the selection of the Student Creativity Program which aims to improve the quality of students and improve the value of accreditation for related institutions, especially in the STIKOM Tunas Bangsa environment.
Decision Tree Optimization in C4.5 Algorithm Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Damanik Irfan Sudahri , Windarto Agus Perdana , Wanto Anjar , Poningsih  , Andani Sundari Retno , Saputra Widodo
Published: September 2019

The importance of efficiency in the space of search rules C4.5 decision tree algorithm has been the focus of a lot of researchers. Therefore, the development needs to be conducted to form a new, more efficient method but it can not be separated from the accuracy of the analysis as the results of the algorithm itself. For that purpose, by using a genetic algorithm (GA), it is expected to optimize and simplify the search rules of more complex combinations. The use of C4.5 with Hybrid genetic algorithm in search of a more effective rules requires a better understanding and a long time. But the use of the two algorithms will be mostly effective if the cases faced are very complex, having more branching condition and highly accurate.
Analysis of Backpropagation Algorithms in Predicting World Internet Users
Authors: Setti Sunil , Wanto Anjar , Syafiq Muhammad , Andriano Andriano , Sihotang Bil Klinton
Published: September 2019

The internet is now a primary need for its users. According to the e-Marketer market research institute, there are the top 25 countries with the most internet users in the world. Indonesia is in the sixth position with a total of 112.6 million internet users. With the increasing number of internet users, it is expected to be able to contribute to advancing the economy and education in a country. To be able to increase the number of internet users, especially in Indonesia, it is necessary to predict in the coming years so that the government can provide adequate facilities and infrastructure in order to compensate for the growing number of internet users and as a precaution when there is a decrease in the number of internet users. The data used in this study focus on the data on the number of internet users in 25 countries in 2013-2017 sourced from the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information. The algorithm used is the Backpropagation Neural Network. Data analysis was performed using Artificial Neural Network method using Matlab R2011b. This study uses 5 architectural models. The best network architecture produced is 3-50-1 with an accuracy rate of 92% and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) value is 0.00151674.
Randomized quasi Monte Carlo methods for pricing of barrier options under fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Murwaningtyas Chatarina Enny , Kartiko Sri Haryatmi , Gunardi  , Suryawan Herry Pribawanto
Published: September 2019

Randomized quasi-Monte Carlo (RQMC) method is presented to compute the problem of a barrier option pricing. It is assumed that stock prices are modeled with a fractional Brownian motion (FBM). The FBM is a Gaussian process with dependent and stationary increments except H = ½. The FBM can model stock prices with short or long memory. We propose a trajectory generation technique based on fast Fourier transforms to simulate stock prices modeled by FBM. A stock price trajectory is utilized to predict pricing of barrier options. Barrier options are options whose payoff function depend on the stock prices during the option’s lifetime. Using the results of the stock price trajectory and RQMC method can be determined the price of a barrier option under FBM. We conclude that RQMC is an efficient technique for calculating the price of barrier options rather than a standard Monte Carlo (MC).
Analysis of Backpropagation Method with Sigmoid Bipolar and Linear Function in Prediction of Population Growth
Authors: Siregar Eben , Mawengkang Herman , Nababan Erna Budhiarti , Wanto Anjar
Published: September 2019

Backpropagation method is an artificial neural network method that is often used for prediction. However, the use of activation functions and training functions greatly affects the accuracy of a prediction. In this study will discuss the backpropagation method by applying the activation function of Sigmoid bipolar and linear to predict population growth in Simalungun regency, Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to look at the level of population growth in the district so that the government has a benchmark in determining policies so that a surge in population growth can be minimized and that the government pays more attention to the level of welfare of its population. As for academics, this research can be used as input if you want to do a prediction or forecasting with different cases. The data used in this paper is population density data in Indonesia’s Simalungun district, which is sourced from the Simalungun regency statistics center of Indonesia. This study uses 5 architectural models, namely 3-5-1, 3-10-1, 3-5-10-1, 3-5-15-1 and 3-10-15-1. Of these 5 models, the best architectural model is 3-5-10-1 with an accuracy of 97% and an MSE value of 0.00034833. Minimum Error 0,001-0,01 and learning rate 0,01.
Monitoring the Value of Water Quality and Condition Parameters Using the Open Sensor Aquarium
Authors: Siregar B , Rachman F , Efendi S , Sulindawaty
Published: September 2019

One technology that can be applied in hydroponic farming systems is sensing. Sensors used in this research are pH, electrical conductivity, water level, and temperature sensor. The First Come First Served (FCFS) algorithm is used to help scheduling data plotting. In order to be serviced by the processor, data entities in the queue must wait until all previous processes have been completed. The final test results show that the average success of the system succeeded in activating the actuator to operate the feeding was 92.5% and operating the heater to warm the water temperature was 83.33% for the 720-hour testing period. All sensing data also successfully plotted in graphical form for each of the results of sensing the pH value, water temperature, and electrical conductivity in water.
Decision Tree Optimization in Data Mining with Support and Confidence
Authors: Buaton Relita , Mawengkang Herman , Zarlis Muhammad , Effendi Syahril , Hara Pardede Akim Manaor , Maulita Yani , Fauzi Achmad , Novriyenni N , Sihombing Anton , Lumbanbatu Katen
Published: September 2019

Decision Tree is a classification technique in data mining that aims to predict behaviour from database. This goal is supported by several algorithms, one of which is Iterative Dichotomiser 3 (ID3) that displays predictions in a tree structure. With the application of decision trees, warehouses or heaps of data can be processed so as to produce rules or decision trees as decision support in solving problems faced by agencies. In fact, the information or rules produced by decision trees are limited to rules using the logic of propositions. The challenge in making decisions on decision trees is how to determine algorithms with a high degree of accuracy from various algorithms in the decision tree and how to find support and confidence for each rule produced by the decision tree to add support value and confidence level of each rule produced. The resulting rule has weaknesses, namely the unavailability of support and confidence, all rules are considered equal in strength based on data before being processed, found records that vary or different amounts of data. By making support and confidence, it will be easier to make decisions based on the results obtained.
Implementation of Apriori Algorithm for Analysis of Consumer Purchase Patterns
Authors: Panjaitan Suprianto , Sulindawaty  , Amin Muhammad , Lindawati Sri , Watrianthos Ronal , Sihotang Hengki Tamando , Sinaga Bosker
Published: September 2019

Consumer purchasing patterns are a form of purchases made by consumers, whether someone or a lot of people to get the desired item by making a purchase transaction. One characteristic of the purchase pattern is the existence of acquiring something through exchanging money. This study aims to create an application that is used in determining consumer purchasing patterns by applying a priori algorithms and using Visual Basic 2010 as a tool for determining consumer purchase patterns. This application uses a priori algorithm calculation method where the sample consumer purchase data will be sorted and calculated by providing the value of the minium support and configuration parameters and based on the results of confidence the largest number of conclusions such as: can be used as information for determining sales, the application of a priori algorithms can provide information pattern combination item set from consumer purchase data that is with support above 15% and confidence above 50% on item set.
Implementation of MD Heuristic Method for Classifying Numerical Data In Data Preprocessing
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Zarlis Muhammad , Solikhun  , Jollyta Deny , Safii M. , Sulistianingsih Indri
Published: September 2019

Implementation of Data Mining with various methods will generate new knowledge and information in the form of rule which is very useful, but in implementation of data mining experience some weakness in data processing process. One weakness is that not all variable data can be easily processed, if the data is processed has a numerical value or data in the form of numbers then the division of classification is very difficult to do. If the classification of data is so many variables then the branch on the decision tree is also very much and result in less accurate results of rules or knowledge generated. MD Heuristic method can be used to classify numerical data or numbers that have a large range of data. By implementing the MD Heuristic Method in classifying the data in numerical form it can easily classify the data to make the data classification more precise and accurate, by calculating and averaging between the upper and lower bounds of the large data set. The use of MD Heuristic can facilitate preprocessing data with decision tree algorithm C4.5. The result of this research is detainee data at Labuhan Deli Detention Center, that is the data of age of detainee can be classified with more accurate to facilitate in process of data and more shorten rule or knowledge in result of decision tree image.
Application of Mamdani and Sugeno Fuzzy Toward Ready-Mix Concrete Quality Control
Authors: Batubara Supina , Hariyanto Eko , Wahyuni Sri , Sulistianingsih Indri , Mayasari Nova
Published: September 2019

The value of concrete compressive strength based on several methods of acceptance requirements of concrete in Indonesia to obtain a more economical concrete quality is recommended using SNI 03-2847-2002 rules as a reference in the evaluation and quality control of concrete. Fuzzy logic is different from ordinary digital logic, where the usual digital logic only recognizes two condition that is “yes” or “no”. While Fuzzy logic imitate the way of human thinking by using the concept of the pseudonym of a value. the Mamdani type and Sugeno type is resulted in the same decision, although there was a difference in the calculation of the final result but still within the same range of manual calculations with the calculation with the help of MATLAB. Both fuzzy can be applied in determining the quality of concrete because it produces the same decision. Although both fuzzy method can be used in determining the quality but the more recommended is the Mamdani type because Mamdani type result of calculation is closer to the actual result, and while there is input change is entered then the end result will change but Sugeno type while input change value is not too big the change then the end result also there will be no change.
Application of the Perlin Noise Algorithm as a Track Generator in the Endless Runner Genre Game
Authors: Ginting Anirma Kandida , Sari Kartika , Fadhilah Cut , Yusra Rahmad Nurhadi , Hartama Dedy , Zarlis Muhammad
Published: September 2019

The rapid development of technology has made the game as one of the popular entertainment media ranging from children to adults. Endless Runner games can be interpreted into two things, namely player characters that cannot stop or the game track that continues to run. The Perlin Noise algorithm will generate a Track Generator that continues to run randomly. Procedurally track generators can produce Pseudo-endless tracks, which are commonly used in Endless Runner games. Each track is generated by combining a series of blocks installed with each other, where each block experiences a deformation change in front of it. So that the next block that will be made in accordance with the one behind it thus repeating the process will result in unlimited tracks. Making this Track Generator uses C Sharp programming language (C #) using the Unity 5.5 game engine.
Testing Real-Time Applications on Windows 10 IOT Using the Nyquist Theory
Authors: Syahputa Zulfahmi , Zarlis M. , Nasution Beny B.
Published: September 2019

Raspberry Pi is a mini-computer that is provided to carry out activities quickly and precisely, but Raspberry Pi was created to not be able to do the real-time system with the support of Windows 10 IoT operating system, so the real-time system can be done on Raspberry Pi. The real-time applied in the application needs to be tested with the Nyquist theory. The purpose of this study was to get real-time system measurements available on Windows 10 IoT. This test is done using the Nyquist theory by calculating the results of measurements on mp3 streaming performed on Windows 10 IoT.
Analysis of Decision Tree and Smooth Support Vector Machine Methods on Data Mining
Authors: Sitepu Natalina Br , Sawaluddin  , Zarlis M , Efendi Syahril , Dhany Hanna Willa
Published: September 2019

This research is about smooth support vector machine (SSVM) and Decision Tree in data mining. Many researchers conduct and develop methods to improve the accuracy and classification of data on good results. This research was conducted by conducting an experiment on STMIK Neumann Medan student data. In this study, it was concluded that Decision Tree performance is better than SSVM, Decision Tree gets very good results that promise to help find the best students to get scholarships. This study is better than SSVM. The training process has a difference of 11.04% and the testing process is 10.08% with each Accuracy.
Application of Classification Algorithm C4.5 in Recommendations for Natural Tourism Development in District Simalungun
Authors: Irawan Eka , Sumarno  , Gunawan Indra , Tambunan Heru Satria , Qurniawan Hendri
Published: September 2019

A tour of human activities to relieve fatigue after a week or a month in carrying out daily activities both as a worker or employee. This activity is carried out to entertain every human being and relax the mind. Besides that, tourism can also help people around the location of tourism objects as a livelihood to meet the needs of life. Simalungun Regency has several natural attractions scattered in several sub-districts which can attract the attention of visitors to travel, but there are still many that have not been well managed by the government or the private sector. To develop the tourism industry in Simalungun Regency, many obstacles faced by the management start from the location, transportation, costs and facilities available and this is also faced by visitors to visit a tourist attraction. In this study, we will choose a location that can be developed based on a questionnaire from several communities / tourists to assess a tourist site that is more supportive to develop. From the results of the election using the C4.5 Algorithm. Then it has been found that the Nature Tourism object can be developed with a level of accuracy that reaches 90% and a recall of 83.33%.
Integrated Rural Decision Support System Model Based on Android
Authors: Taufiq  , Mawenkang Herman , Zarlis M. , Suwilo Saib
Published: September 2019

The village needs to develop the independence and welfare of the community by increasing knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors, abilities, awareness, and utilizing resources through the establishment of policies, programs, activities and mentoring in accordance with the essence of the problems and priorities of the needs of the village community, related to the implementation of The Village Law Number 6 of 2014, one of which is about an integrated village-based village potential information system to open information on the implementation of village governance to the public, with the opening of public information the citizens can be more active together with the government to build the village. Information that needs to be known, among others:, Village administration potential, population administration, Village profile administration. The object of research was Juli Tambotanjong Village, Alue Buya Term Village, Abeuk Budi Village with different Village characteristics, so that the formation of an integrated Android-based Village Database utilizing Cloud Computing and Mobile Computing, which made it easier for users (communities) to access information in making decisions. -that. And the purpose of the Integrated Rural Decision Support Information System Model Based on Android.
The Effect of Self Efficacy on Statistics Learning Achievement at Students’ of STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar
Authors: Kirana Ika Okta , Nasution Zulaini Masruro , Gunawan Indra
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of self-efficacy on statistical learning outcomes. The research method by using the survey way. Collecting data by random sampling 50 students’ second semester Academic Year 2017/2018 STIKOM Tunas Bangsa. Technique data collection by using questionnaire and tests. The data analysis technique by using a simple linear regression analysis with SPSS 25. Meanwhile, hypothesis testing using t-test to indicate that self-efficacy influences learning outcomes statistics. The results of this study obtained t count value of 7.452 while, t table value with a significance level of 0.05 is 2.011 because the value of tcount > ttable and a significant value of 0.000 <0.05, self-efficacy (X) partially has an effect is significant to the dependent variable namely learning outcomes (Y).
Groundwater temperature anomalies in central Europe
Authors: Tissen Carolin , Benz Susanne A , Menberg Kathrin , Bayer Peter , Blum Philipp
Published: September 2019

As groundwater is competitively used for drinking, irrigation, industrial and geothermal applications, the focus on elevated groundwater temperature (GWT) affecting the sustainable use of this resource increases. Hence, in this study GWT anomalies and their heat sources are identified. The anthropogenic heat intensity (AHI), defined as the difference between GWT at the well location and the median of surrounding rural background GWTs, is evaluated in over 10 000 wells in ten European countries. Wells within the upper three percentiles of the AHI are investigated for each of the three major land cover classes (natural, agricultural and artificial). Extreme GWTs ranging between 25 °C and 47 °C are attributed to natural hot springs. In contrast, AHIs from 3 to 10 K for both natural and agricultural surfaces are due to anthropogenic sources such as landfills, wastewater treatment plants or mining. Two-thirds of all anomalies beneath artificial surfaces have an AHI > 6 K and are related to underground car parks, heated basements and district heating systems. In some wells, the GWT exceeds current threshold values for open geothermal systems. Consequently, a holistic management of groundwater, addressing a multitude of different heat sources, is required to balance the conflict between groundwater quality for drinking and groundwater as an energy source or storage media for geothermal systems.
Development of potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) haulm cutter
Authors: Titiwa K P , Gavino H F , Gavino R B , Malamug V U
Published: September 2019

Manual haulm cutting using bolo is a practice of potato farmers in the Philippines prior to digging the potato tubers. The operation requires about 40 man-hours per hectare and with the current practice, the workers are exposed to risk of injuring themselves or their coworkers during the operation. This study was then conducted to develop a potato haulm cutter for potato farmers. The device was designed and fabricated using locally available materials. The working performance of the machine was evaluated using the following cutter speed: 833 rpm, 1115 rpm and 1392 rpm with three replications at an engine speed of 2526 rpm. Results revealed that the cutter speed of 1392 rpm gave the highest cutting capacity of about 0.15 ha/hr with field efficiency of 98 .64% and cutting efficiency of 88.33%. The machine capacity of 1457m2/hr was five times higher than manual cutting capacity of 287 m2/hr. Cost analysis of using the machine indicated a break-even point of 3.87 ha/yr. Cost analysis also indicated an expected income of ₱ 101, 772.00 per annum and a payback period of 5.4 months for the haulm cutter cost. Finally, the machine was perceived acceptable and beneficial to the potato growers.
A study of stalk shape for designing the operational mechanism of gripping equipment for cassava tuber cut preparation process
Authors: Singhpoo T , Wongpichet S , Saengprachatanarug K , Posom J , Watyotha C , Yangyuen S
Published: September 2019

The objective of this research was to study the geometry of cassava plants such as number of stalks and branches, which will be useful for designing stalk gripping equipment which is a part of cassava tuber cutting process. Eight fields of cassavas planted with Kasetsart 50 variety, which is the most popular variety in Khon Kaen, were used to obtain samples for this study. The results indicated that cassavas can be clearly and easily categorized by number of stalks and branches. Moreover, they can be grouped into 6 types which are S11, S12, S13, S2, S3 and X. The number of samples of each type in each field were unequal with the maximum number of samples S11, S12, S13, S2, S3, and X type in fields were 3, 5, 5, 6, 2, and 7, and with percentage of 36, 75, 11, 42, 26 and 22, respectively. According to results above, gripping part can be designed by following plier shape concept.
Determination of field capacity for the sugarcane harvester using GNSS data
Authors: Kaewkabthong A , Udompetaikul V
Published: September 2019

Harvesting is an important activity in the sugar production industry. Due to the labor shortage and time limitation during harvesting season, farmers have adopted cane harvesters to substitute the farm workers in this restless period. Cane harvesters are huge and expensive machines with high field capacity. Because of inappropriate working conditions in Thailand, the actual field capacity is much lower than that in its specification. The objective of this research is to study the factors affecting the field capacity of the sugarcane harvester. A GNSS logging system was used to record the machine’s position and traveling speed during operation. Crop yield for each field was also collected. Field dimension and other working parameters such as working time and the number of turns were derived from the GNSS data. A field capacity prediction model was developed. The study shows that the optimal working speed, crop yield, and the number of turns per field area were significant factors to predict the harvester’s field capacity. The coefficient of determination (R2 value) of the model was 0.625. It was suggested to include more machine and field variation for further robust model development and uses in the optimization of field operation performance.
Influence of temperature dependence of viscosity on thermal process establishment using CMC-based liquid food model
Authors: Chuenchumsap B , Asavasanti S , Tangduangdee C
Published: September 2019

Since determination of the slowest heating zone (SHZ) is a tedious task in thermal process establishment, mathematical simulation has been introduced. In this research, a numerical study on 2-dimensional natural convection in a cylindrical can during sterilization of liquid food (1% Carboxy-methyl cellulose, CMC) was performed to simulate the flow pattern and temperature distribution. SHZ and sterilizing value (F
0) were also determined. Temperature dependent viscosity and density were assumed, while heat capacity and thermal conductivity were kept constant. To represent the actual mechanisms of heating in an overpressure retort, nonisothermal boundary condition (B.C.) was applied; the results were compared with isothermal B.C. The non-isothermal B.C. resulted in a slower heating rate and the simulated temperature profiles that agreed well with the experimental data (2.6% RMSE). Simulated SHZ was forced to move downwards from the geometric centre to the bottom of the can and stayed at about 10% of the can height from the bottom. SHZ moved closer to the wall (at r = R/2) as a result of the secondary flow due to natural convection. An increase in viscosity and thermal conductivity and a decrease in specific heat and density of higher than 5% resulted in a significantly lower F
0-value.
Precision test for scanning of soil in durian orchard using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Phanomsophon T , Sirisomboon P
Published: September 2019

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid technique for non destructive testing. Durian is popular fruit in Thailand. Growing durian is not easy. It needs to provide proper nutrients. Therefore, this paper aims to test the repeatability and reproducibility of NIR scanning before conducting the feasibility test of creating the equation to predict the N P K value in the soil for the durian trees. Results showed that the repeatability of FT-NIR spectrometer and Micro-NIR spectrometer for fresh soil were 0.064 and 0.075, respectively and for soil powder, they were 0.039 and 0.048, respectively. The reproducibility of FT-NIR spectrometer and Micro-NIR spectrometer for fresh soil were 0.048 and 0.051, respectively and for soil powder were 0.051 and 0.046, respectively.
Towards the definition of a nZEB cost spreadsheet as a support tool for the design
Authors: Pernetti R , Garzia F , Paoletti G , Weiss T
Published: September 2019

The 2010 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD recast) [1] established that all new buildings have to reach, by the end of 2020, the nearly-Zero Energy (nZEB) target as set by the Member States. In order to achieve the nZEB standards, while keeping investments sustainable, it is strategic to focus more on the operational phase and to guide the decision-support with a lifetime perspective. In this regard, a crucial step is to adopt a shared methodology for evaluating the Life-Cycle Cost (LCC), in order to minimize the effect of uncertainties, the impact of calculation approach and the variability of the boundaries at EU level. The H2020 CRAVEzero project developed a LCC spreadsheet, aimed at calculating a set of relevant indicators for assessing the cost during the investment phase (design, labour and material costs) as well as during the operational phase of a building (energy and maintenance costs). The LCC spreadsheet implements an approach for normalising the results according to the main relevant boundaries that can affect the comparability at EU level (e.g. energy prices, the national construction costs, the climatic conditions, etc.). Moreover, it introduces a sensitivity analysis that aims to provide the impact that the boundary conditions can have on the results, reducing the uncertainties in the LCC calculations due to a long-term perspective (http://www.cravezero.eu/lcc spreadsheet/). This paper presents the structure of the LCC calculation approach defined within the project, the structure of the spreadsheet and the main indicators as evaluated for a set of relevant nZEB case studies across Europe.
Life cycle environmental impact of refurbishment of social housing
Authors: Van de moortel E , Allacker K , De Troyer F , Stijnen L , Schoofs E
Published: September 2019

The current focus on climate change mitigation is reflected in policy goals to reduce the energy use of buildings. However, buildings are not only responsible for a large share of energy use and corresponding GHG emissions, they moreover require a lot of resources, produce a lot of waste, and emit harmful substances. In this paper, an approach is developed to investigate the most preferred renovation strategies for social housing, considering various parameters such as efficiency of the current and future heating system, service life of the heating system and insulation level of the building envelope. Moreover the reduction in life cycle environmental impact due to the replacement of heating systems by systems with increased efficiency is studied. The results show that for non-insulated buildings an increase of the thermal resistance of the building envelope is more effective than replacing the heating system while for, even poorly, insulated buildings the efficiency of the heating system is more important. A holistic Life Cycle Assessment approach is preferred to assess renovation scenarios as focussing on energy reduction might lead to an increase of the life cycle environmental impact of the building. Although this paper focuses on social housing, the approach is broadly applicable.
Massive timber building vs. conventional masonry building. A comparative life cycle assessment of an Italian case study
Authors: Pittau F , Dotelli G , Arrigoni A , Habert G , Iannaccone G
Published: September 2019

This work aims to investigate the environmental friendliness of building materials, and in particular the benefit of using biogenic products as replacement of conventional materials. The sustainability of wood as a construction material is a complex issue since the environmental impacts are strongly related to forest management, service life and, finally, to end-of-life scenarios and waste treatment processes. In this study, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) comparison was carried out between a semi-detached house out of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and a conventional building with similar geometric characteristics and equal thermal performance (U-value), out of light-clay bricks with a reinforced concrete structure. Particularly, the environmental impacts from raw materials supply, transportation and product processing (cradle to gate) were investigated and the Recipe mid-point method was adopted for the impact assessment to compare the environmental burdens of the two equivalent buildings. The positive environmental values resulted in the massive timber building are mainly connected to the replacement of the reinforced concrete mass used in the structure. The outcome, in terms of global warming potential, show that the use of wood as a building material instead of conventional materials results in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of roughly 25%. This material replacement, if extended on a large scale, could give a valid contribution on achieving the community goals of reducing emissions from the construction sector.
Comparative LCA of a concrete and steel apartment building and a cross laminated timber apartment building
Authors: Eliassen A R , Faanes S , Bohne R A
Published: September 2019

In this paper an LCA is carried out on a concrete and steel apartment building and a cross laminated timber apartment building to compare the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the two buildings. The buildings are built by Veidekke Entreprenør AS and they are almost identical except for the structural system and the number of floors. They are connected by an underground car park of reinforced concrete. The product stage (A1-A3), transport to the building site (A4) and operational energy use (B6) is examined. Results show that the cross laminated timber building has 25% lower GHG emission compared to the concrete and steel building when looking at the production stage, and 13% lower emissions when looking at all stages. The results also show that the material that contributes to the most GHG emissions is reinforced concrete, and that the underground car park has a high GHG emission because it consists of a lot of concrete. What is new in this paper is that there are two real buildings close together that can be compared to find out which has the lowest environmental impact. The paper is valuable for people designing environmentally friendly buildings with a low carbon footprint.
Life-Cycle Assessment as a decision-support tool for early phases of urban planning: evaluating applicability through a comparative approach
Authors: Slavkovic K , Nault E , Jusselme T , Andersen M
Published: September 2019

While ambitious environmental objectives are being set for new constructions in Switzerland, the assessment of urban-scale projects and comparison of their performance to national targets are made possible by a growing number of life-cycle assessment (LCA) tools. However, previous research emphasizes the lack of existing tools to support the decision-making process at the early design stage, characterized by a low level of project details. This paper presents a comparison between three LCA tools. The first, stemming from a research and development project (SETUP), is an exploration tool relying on a database of urban-level scenarios and their environmental performance, able to convert district targets (e.g. 2000-Watt society objectives) into specific sub-targets at the building or component levels. The other two are online LCA tools currently available to practitioners (Sméo and Calculation tool for 2000-Watt-society-sites RH II ), that allow assessing the project and verifying its compliance with a given target. Each tool was applied to a low-carbon case study, the blueFactory district in Fribourg (Switzerland), in two hypothetical contexts corresponding to the schematic and detailed project development phases, characterized by different levels of details. When used for the assessment of a project at a more advanced development stage with a high resolution of detail, findings indicate that Smeo and RH II provide similar environmental performance results. However, in early planning stages, SETUP shows better abilities to support decision-making by providing ranges of results and highlighting uncertainties and the influence of design parameters that have not yet been fixed.
Passive house-concept apartments: sustainability evaluation in a case study of Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Khatibi M
Published: September 2019

The housing sector accounts for almost one-third of total energy use in Sweden; of this amount, the operation phase of a building is responsible for around 85% of its total energy use. The Swedish government aims to reduce the energy consumption in buildings by 50 % by the year 2050. One way to achieve this goal is the construction of the low-energy buildings. The purpose of the study has been to analyse the Blå Jungfrun passive house-concept, tenant occupied apartments in Stockholm, Sweden, through a blend of qualitative and quantitative research methodology. The Swedish energy-efficient buildings are considered as a platform for recommendations for improving the knowledge and practice of low-energy buildings grounded in sustainability science as the theoretical framework. The study has investigated the roles of the responsible architects and design features of the Blå Jungfrun. The economic viability of the apartments is calculated by the economic evaluation software OekoRat for a life span of 50 years. The annual energy requirements of the studied apartments are analysed in regard to their post-occupancy evaluations. The social inclusion of the Blå Jungfrun tenants is investigated considering the issue of their participation in planning stages of the apartments. The empirical findings of the study shows the inevitable correlations between the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of the passive house. The findings suggested that in order to achieve a successful sustainable system of the sustainable housing, a holistic approach in the low-energy buildings is necessary.
Assessment System for Sustainable Buildings of the German Government (BNB): Calculation tool for the ventilation rate and the resulting carbon dioxide concentration in the ambient air
Authors: Schütz H , Böttcher O
Published: September 2019

An important criterion for Assessment of the sustainability of buildings owned and occupied by the Federal Government is the indoor air quality. The stated aim is to avoid pollutants from construction products and unacceptable carbon dioxide concentrations. Regarding the limitation of the carbon dioxide concentration especially in rooms with high occupancy the challenge is to find a suitable ventilation concept. That concerns natural ventilation as well as mechanical ventilation or the combination of both.

Although there are normative rules for the required air change it is hardly verifiable during building planning whether the proportion of natural ventilation is sufficient in practice. Various evaluation reports in the past have shown that natural ventilation comparability mostly did not work, especially in rooms with high occupancy. In addition, it was also shown that comparability of the test results was usually not given and therefore no conclusions could be drawn on functioning ventilation concepts.

To be able to determine and evaluate the air exchange (in case of natural ventilation) and the resulting development of the carbon dioxide concentration in a room, the development of a calculation tool is part of a recent research project. The tool is used to calculate the outdoor air volume flow with natural ventilation depending on multiple parameters (as examples: wind, temperature, window size, window opening). In the same step CO2 concentration for a certain number of CO2 sources in the room will be determined automatically. Thereby the tool will be very helpful in an early stage of planning to find a proper ventilation concept. In addition to its use as a planning aid, the tool offers two different applications for assessing carbon dioxide concentration in a room: The calculation under specified conditions provides the opportunity to classify the expected carbon dioxide emissions as part of the assessment of sustainable buildings. The tool is also suitable for checking the air exchange under extreme climatic or other individually selectable conditions. At the end the calculation results of each individual constellation are shown in graphical diagrams.