bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioactivity of the organic extracts of Annona vepretorum on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Fernandes Maria Herlândia de Araújo , Menezes Karen Oliveira de , Souza Adriana Maria de , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Oliveira José Eudes de Morais , Gervásio Rita de Cássia Rodrigues Gonçalves
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal toxicity of hexane and methanolic extracts from the leaves of Annona vepretorum (Annonaceae) on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). The methanolic extract toxicity was evaluated by Potter tower application (topical + residual effect) and by immersion of Canavalia ensiformis leaf disks in the extract solution (residual contact effect). The hexane extract toxicity was evaluated exclusively through residual contact effect. Sublethal effects of the methanolic extract were evaluated through LC50 on the females. Mite preference for feeding and oviposition was evaluated by multiple choice tests, between the control and the extract concentrations, using the hexane and methanolic extracts. Estimated LC50 for the methanolic extract was 10.96 mg mL-1 for the topic + residual effect and 22.07 mg mL-1 for the residual effect. Estimated LC50 for the hexane extract was 50.61 mg mL-1. The methanolic extract at the previously estimated CL50 interfered in the fecundity and longevity of females, differing significantly from the control treatment. In the multiple choice tests, for both extracts, mites showed a significant preference for the control, both for feeding and oviposition. Annona vepretorum has acaricide effect and constitutes a botanical source with great potential for controlling T. urticae.
Fruit quality of Brazilian genotypes of feijoa at harvest and after storage
Authors: Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Souza Alexandra Goede de , Benincá Thalita Dal Toé , Steffens Cristiano André
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical attributes and vitamin C contents of fruits of five Brazilian genotypes of feijoa (Acca sellowiana), at harvest and after cold storage. The Alcântara, Mattos, Helena, and Nonante cultivars, as well as accession 2316, were studied. The assessed attributes were: fresh mass loss, titratable acidity, soluble solids contents, soluble solids contents/titratable acidity ratio, pH, skin and flesh color, texture, and vitamin C contents (skin and flesh). After storage, there were reductions of 2.9% in soluble solids contents, of 32.2% in titratable acidity, and of approximately 85% in texture attributes, besides increases of 36.3% in the soluble solids contents/titratable acidity ratio and of 21.7% in the pH of fruits. The vitamin C content in the skin was higher than that in the flesh, and increased in both skin and flesh after storage. 'Alcântara' fruits have the highest contents of vitamin C in the skin and flesh. Fruits of 'Nonante' and 'Mattos' show better preservation of the texture attributes, and fruits of 'Nonante', the lowest levels of flesh browning during storage.
Acceptability by Girolando heifers and nutritional value of erect prickly pear stored for different periods
Authors: Silva Evannielly Thuanny dos Santos , Melo Airon Aparecido Silva de , Ferreira Marcelo de Andrade , Oliveira Júlio César Vieira de , Santos Djalma Cordeiro dos , Silva Randerson Cavalcante , Inácio Jonas Gomes
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of erect prickly pear (EPP) (Opuntia stricta), stored for different periods, and its acceptability by Girolando heifers. Five heifers were distributed in a 5x5 Latin square. The treatments were as follows: EPP without storage time; stored EPP for three post-harvest periods - 7, 14, and 21 days; and cochineal nopal cactus (CNC) (Nopalea cochenillifera) without storage time, as a control treatment. The diets offered to the animals were composed of cacti of the different treatments, as well as sugarcane silage and soybean meal, and were evaluated for their chemical composition, intake, and nutrient digestibility. The ingestive behavior of the heifers was evaluated. The cactus EPP did not differ from the CNC for organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, nonfibrous carbohydrates, total carbohydrates, ether extract, and mineral matter; however, EPP stored for different periods differed from CNC for dry matter and indigestible neutral detergent fiber. Heifer weights varied 1.35 kg with the low inclusion of concentrate in the diet. The cactus erect prickly pear maintains constant both its nutritional value and its acceptability to Girolando heifers, after storage for different periods up to 21 days.
Fruit dragée formulated with reused solution from pineapple osmotic dehydration
Authors: Germer Sílvia Pimentel Marconi , Luz Gisele Marcondes , Silva Lidiane Bataglia da , Silva Marta Gomes da , Morgano Marcelo Antonio , Silveira Neliane Ferraz de Arruda
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the reuse of sucrose syrup in pineapple (Ananas comosus) osmotic dehydration and the application of the spent solution in fruit dragée formulation. Osmotic dehydration trials were performed in five cycles (65° Brix/45°C/3 hours), directly reusing the osmotic solution, with only one intermediate reconditioning step. Variations in osmotic solution properties and in dehydration parameters were observed, as well as a low microbial load in the system. The spent solution was rich in vitamin C (30 mg 100 g-1). Pineapple dragée covered with red fruits and acai powders were obtained with the reconditioned spent solution used as an adhesion solution. The dragée presented high levels of vitamin C (176 mg 100 g-1), polyphenols (154 mg GAE 100-1 g), carotenoids (220 μg 100 g-1), and potassium (330 mg 100 g-1). The product showed good sensory acceptance and purchase intention. Reusing sucrose syrup is technically feasible during pineapple osmotic dehydration, as is the application of the spent solution as an ingredient in fruit dragée production.
¿Qué es relevante históricamente? Pensamiento histórico a través de las narrativas de los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Egea Vivancos Alejandro , Arias Ferrer Laura
Published: October 2017

Resumen El objetivo es conocer a qué acontecimientos históricos atribuyen relevancia los estudiantes del Grado de Educación Primaria y en qué términos lo hacen. Para ello se analizan los patrones de pensamiento histórico que poseen los futuros docentes. Se centra la atención en el estudio de la denominada relevancia histórica. A través de pequeñas narrativas se han analizado cuáles son las capacidades del futuro docente en relación a este concepto básico del pensamiento histórico, lo cual aporta interesantes indicios acerca de cómo el alumnado entiende la historia y bajo qué premisas la narra. Para ello se han procesado 107 pequeñas narrativas construidas grupalmente por 520 individuos, todos ellos estudiantes universitarios del grado de Educación Primaria. Los textos se recopilaron durante tres cursos académicos y se analizaron siguiendo una metodología cualitativa a partir de la categorización de sus contenidos. Los resultados demuestran que los futuros docentes cuentan con unos conocimientos históricos mínimos, la mayoría de ellos limitados a los episodios que marcan los cambios de etapa histórica. Estos acontecimientos de transición entre etapas son para ellos los más relevantes de la historia de la humanidad obviando otros. Algunas de las implicaciones para su futura labor como docentes son una gran limitación de los contenidos a enseñar o una excesiva dependencia del libro de texto, entre otras. Esto lleva al desarrollo de enseñanzas basadas en la memorización y en la ausencia de reflexión sobre la propia narración histórica obviando por tanto el análisis de la relevancia de algunos eventos históricos.
Cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Poletto Patrícia Rios , Gobbo Daiana Kerry Picanço , Gotfryd Alberto Ofenhejm , Catania Sabrina Nieto , Sousa Daphine de Carvalho , Pereira Sarita Barbosa Sanches
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire into Brazilian Portuguese, and verifies the reliability and validity of this new version. Methods A cross-cultural adaptation of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire was performed using the following steps: translation, back-translation, committee review, and pre-testing phase (50 subjects). The psychometric properties were evaluated by application of the questionnaire to 102 patients. Reliability was assessed by homogeneity and stability of measures. The criterion-related validity was tested by comparing scores of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire to Oswestry and Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short questionnaires. Results Excellent internal consistency was found in both test (Cronbach’s α of 0.90) and re-test (Cronbach’s α of 0.91). The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire showed good reliability and the correlations ranged from reasonable (0.64) to very good (r=0.91). Conclusion The Brazilian Portuguese version of Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short was easy to apply and understand. The questionnaire had a great impact on assessment and multidimensional care of patients with low back pain.
Relation between functional mobility and dynapenia in institutionalized frail elderly
Authors: Soares Antonio Vinicius , Marcelino Elessandra , Maia Késsia Cristina , Borges Junior Noé Gomes
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the relation between functional mobility and dynapenia in institutionalized frail elderly. Methods A descriptive, correlational study involving 26 institutionalized elderly men and women, mean age 82.3±6 years. The instruments employed were the Mini Mental State Examination, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Timed Up and Go test, a handgrip dynamometer and a portable dynamometer for large muscle groups (shoulder, elbow and hip flexors, knee extensors and ankle dorsiflexors). Results Significant negative correlation between functional mobility levels assessed by the Timed Up and Go test and dynapenia was observed in all muscle groups evaluated, particularly in knee extensors (r -0.65). Conclusion A significant negative correlation between muscle strength, particularly knee extensor strength, and functional mobility was found in institutionalized elderly. Data presented indicate that the higher the muscle strength, the shorter the execution time, and this could demonstrate better performance in this functional mobility test.
The effects of cigarette smoking on ventricular repolarization in adolescents
Authors: Kayali Seyma , Demir Fadime
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the association between cigarette smoking and ventricular arrhythmias in adolescents. Novel electrocardiographic parameters –Tp-e interval, as well as Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios – were used to make this assessment. Methods The study population consisted of 87 subjects aged between 16-19 years. Fifty-one adolescent smokers with no risk of arrhythmia comprised the Smoker Group, and 36 adolescents who had never smoked cigarettes comprised the Control Group. Smokers were defined as patients smoking more than three cigarettes per day, for at least 1 year. Body mass index, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures were measured, and electrocardiograms were performed on all subjects. Heart rate, PR and Tp-e intervals, and Tpe/QT, Tpe/QTc ratio were digitally measured. Results Adolescents in Smoker Group had smoked cigarettes for 2.9±1.4 years (range 1 to 6 years). The mean age at starting smoking was 13.8±1.4 years. There were no differences between smokers and Control Group as to baseline clinical variables (p>0.05). The PR, QT and QTc intervals were similar in all groups. Tp-e interval (98.4±12.7ms and 78.3±6.9 ms; p<0.001), Tpe/QT (0.28±0.04 and 22±0.03; p<0.01), Tpe/QTc (0.24±0.03 and 0.19±0.01; p<0.001) ratios were significantly higher in Smoker Group. There were no correlations between years of smoking, number of cigarettes per day, Tpe interval, Tpe/QT or Tpe/QTc ratios. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is associated with risk of ventricular arrhytmogenesis with prolonged Tp-e interval and increased Tpe/QT and Tpe/QTc ratios in adolescents.
Analysis of colostrum IgA against bacteria involved in neonatal infections
Authors: Dias Elizabeth Moreira , Rodrigues Denise Bertulucci Rocha , Geraldo-Martins Vinícius Rangel , Nogueira Ruchele Dias
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To describe e compare the specificity of IgA antibodies against bacteria extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , and Salmonella enteritidis . Methods Colostrum samples were aseptically collected in the first 12 hours after C-section delivery. The specificity of IgA against bacteria extracts was analyzed by the Western blot. Results The findings showed proteins of high molecular weight frequently detectable in the samples. S. aureus was the most frequently found bacterium in the samples (p<0.05). Approximately 93.8, 56.3, 62.5 and 60.4% of samples presented IgA reactive to S. aureus , K. pneumoniae , S. enteritidis, and E. coli, respectively. Roughly 40% of samples showed no IgA reactive to K. pneumoniae, S. enteritidis and E. coli . Conclusion Clinical evidence of the importance of breastfeeding for the immune protection of neonates was consistent with the observed immunological findings, since most samples showed IgA reactive against the species tested. The application and development of immunotherapies during pregnancy, focused on frequently detected antigens, could be an important tool to enhance the presence of IgA in colostrum.
How polymorphic markers contribute to genetic diseases in different populations? The study of inhibin A for premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Christofolini Denise Maria , Cordts Emerson Barchi , Santos-Pinheiro Fernando , Kayaki Erika Azuma , Dornas Mayla Cristina Fernandes , Santos Monise de Castro , Bianco Bianca , Barbosa Caio Parente
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the incidence of the G679A mutation in exon 2 of the gene inhibin alpha (INHA), in women with secondary amenorrhea and diagnosis of premature ovarian insufficiency, and in controls. Methods A 5mL sample of peripheral blood was collected from all study participants in an EDTA tube and was used for DNA extraction. For the patient group, 5mL of blood were also collected in a tube containing heparin for karyotype, and 5mL were collected in a dry tube for follicle stimulant hormone dosage. All patient and control samples were initially submitted to analysis of the G679A variant in exon 2 of the INHA gene by PCR-RFLP technique. Samples from patients with premature ovarian insufficiency after PCR-RFLP were submitted to Sanger sequencing of the encoding exons 2 and 3. Sequencing was performed on ABI 3500 GeneticAnalyzer equipment and the results were evaluated by SeqA and Variant Reporter software. Results Samples of 70 women with premature ovarian insufficiency and 97 fertile controls were evaluated. The G769A variant was found in only one patient in the Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Group and in no control, and it appears to be rare in Brazilian patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. This polymorphism was previously associated to premature ovarian insufficiency in several populations worldwide. Conclusion There is genetic heterogeneity regarding the INHA gene in different populations, and among the causes of premature ovarian insufficiency.
Cost effectiveness of chemohormonal therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Aguiar Jr. Pedro Nazareth , Barreto Carmélia Maria Noia , Gutierres Bárbara de Souza , Tadokoro Hakaru , Lopes Jr Gilberto de Lima
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of chemohormonal therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer. Methods An analytical decision model was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of chemohormonal therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and patients with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer. The cost-effectiveness in metastatic patients with a high-volume disease was assessed separately. The model used data from randomized clinical trials and drug acquisition costs in Brazil. In addition, the costs of post-progression therapies have been included in this model. The benefits to health are expressed as the quality-adjusted life-years, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Results Chemohormonal therapy may be associated with improved quality-adjusted life-years for all patient. The improvement was more than six times greater for patients with high-volume metastatic disease. In these patients, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were up to 74% lower than the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of patients with non-metastatic disease. Conclusion Chemohormonal therapy has been more cost-effective in patients with high-volume metastatic disease.
The 5C Model of Tourism Distribution: A Conceptual Framework
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Baek Un-Ji , Kim Min-Hwa , Lee Seul-Ki
Published: October 2017

Tourism distribution responds to various drivers such as technology and the environment. Development and dispersion of IT triggered a rapid change in tourism distribution along with a proliferation of innovative products, channels, and methods. This rapid change coupled with ever dimming lines between regions and industries has greatly increased the limitations of traditional data collection methods. We suggest the 5C model in order to forecast tourism trends as a solution. In the 5C (Consumer, Commodity, Channel, Charge, and Competitor) model, the Consumer is simultaneously the source of information, and the subject to be studied. Commodity is the object that is distributed. Channel becomes the intermediary as well as the catalyst between the commodity and the consumer. The charge encompasses the perceived value along with the associated price and payment. Finally, it is the Competitor who represents the diversity of suppliers and alternatives for consumers. This model overcomes limitations of conventional models due to the help of consumer surveys and it synthesizes and reinterprets the extant literature on tourism distribution. This proposed 5C model should provide new insight into consumer research on tourism distribution from an unbiased and value-neutral perspective. It should help to forecast future changes in the tourism market by allowing inference on the overall flow of tourism distribution.
The Effect of Franchise Control on the Affective Commitment and Financial Performance of Franchisees: The Moderating Effect of Self-Determination
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Cho Si-Young , Jun Jae-Kyoon
Published: October 2017

This study examined the effects of process control and social control on franchisee’s financial performance resulting from affective commitment. The study also examined the moderating effect of self-determination on the relationship between process control and social control as well as the subsequent affective commitment of franchisees. This research was conducted using data collected from 344 respondents of franchisees who had at least six months of experience in the food service franchise industry. The analysis utilized a structural equation model and this indicated that process control had no significant effect on the affective commitment of franchisees. Unlike process control, social control had a positive effect on affective commitment. Franchisee’s affective commitment had a positive effect on financial performance. There was no significant moderating effect of self-determination on the relationship between social control and affective commitment. On the other hand, self-determination had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between process control and affective commitment.
Shared conservation of America's geological heritage through the National Natural Landmarks Program
Authors: Eggleston Heather , Connors Tim
Published: October 2017

The National Natural Landmarks Program recognizes and encourages the conservation of sites that contain outstanding biological and geological resources. Sites are designated by the Secretary of the Interior for their condition, illustrative character, rarity, diversity, and value to science and education. The National Park Service administers the program and works cooperatively with landowners, managers and partners to promote conservation and appreciation of the nation's natural heritage. There are currently 599 National Natural Landmarks nationwide; with nearly 60% of the sites determined to be significant, in full or in part, because of the geologic resources they contain. Besides fostering the basic program goals of natural heritage recognition and advancing science and education, some National Natural Landmarks are the best remaining examples of a type of feature in the country and sometimes in the world.
Keeping the bay in Glacier Bay National Park: Introducing glacier science to the United States Supreme Court
Authors: Molnia Bruce F.
Published: October 2017

In 2000, seventy-five years after the founding of Glacier Bay National Monument, the United States Supreme Court authorized the State of Alaska to begin legal proceedings related to the ownership of ‘certain marine submerged lands in southeast Alaska’ including the submerged lands contained within what is now Glacier Bay National Park. This narrative presents a summary of how glacier science (glacial geology and glaciology) became an integral part of the argument prepared and presented by the United States Government in response to the State of Alaska's Complaint.
Pregnancy in epilepsy: management and delivery
Authors: Tsivtsivadze Ekaterina B. , Petrukhin Vasiliy A. , Novikova Svetlana V. , Vlasov Pavel N. , Ryazantseva Elena V. , Klimova Inna V.
Published: October 2017

We evaluated 129 epileptic pregnant women between 2014 and 2016. Demographic features of the patients, along with type and duration of epileptic seizure, time of diagnosis, date of last seizure prior to pregnancy, number and duration of seizures during pregnancy, type of antiepileptic drugs, result and week of termination of pregnancy, and birth weight were registered, and also, we evaluated perinatal complications and fetal malformations.
Constitucionalismo y Estado Social de Derecho en Colombia
Authors: Velasco Cano Nicole
Published: October 2017

Al terminar la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los Estados, el Derecho y sus diferentes áreas –como el Derecho Internacional Público y el Derecho Constitucional–, serán transformados con la pretensión de que la humanidad no repita la trágica situación de una confrontación armada de repercusiones globales. En este contexto de transformación, los modelos de Estado tienen importantes procesos de cambio que son la respuesta de la forma de concebir un derecho que ya no es estático sino que está en constante reformas a la cual deben adecuarse los actores sociales como los actores del campo jurídico, así se empieza a implementar el modelo de Estado social de derecho que tiene como característica principal la garantía de los derechos sociales, este modelo de Estado sería trasplantado a finales del siglo XX para América Latina donde en algunos países como Brasil la garantía de los derechos sociales se cumple en una mayor parte, por parte de las instituciones estatales, y en otros países como el caso de Colombia se ve con mayor dificultad la garantía de los derechos sociales.
Evaluation of locomotor activity of pioglitazone in albino mice
Authors: L. Shruthi S. , L. Kalabharathi H. , K. Jayanthi M.
Published: October 2017

Background: Pioglitazone (PIO), a Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, is an oral anti-diabetic agent belonging to the group of thiazolidinediones-TZDs used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin.Methods: All animals were allowed to acclimatize with laboratory conditions at least two weeks before starting the experiment and they were maintained under the same condition throughout the experiment. They were given food and water ad libitum. The experiments were performed as per the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines. The animals were subjected to experimentation between 0900-1600 hours in noise free atmosphere with ambient temperature 23-300ºC.Results: There was no significant reduction in the within group comparisons of the basal and final scores in locomotor activity.Conclusions: The standard and test groups failed to produce any significant reduction in locomotor activity in the intergroup comparison as well as compared to normal control.
Peripheral and central analgesic activity evaluation of ethanolic extract of Vitex Negundo flowers in experimental animals
Authors: Maniyar Yasmeen A. , Sriraj Dasari
Published: October 2017

Background: Vitex negundo Linn (Family: Verbenaceae), locally known as ‘Nirgundi’ an important medicinal plant is a woody, aromatic shrub growing to a small tree. It commonly bears tri- or penta-foliate leaves on quadrangular branches, which give rise to bluish-purple coloured flowers in branched tomentose cymes. It has been claimed to possess analgesic activity apart from many medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both the peripheral and central analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Vitex negundo flowers (EEVNF) in experimental animals.Methods: Acute toxicity test was done following the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. EEVNF (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg body weight [b.w.] p.o) was evaluated for peripheral analgesic activity by the acetic acid (0.7%) induced writhing test and central analgesic activity by the tail flick method respectively using aspirin (100mg/kg b.w. and 300mg/kg b.w.) as the standard drug.Results: EEVNF significantly decreased the number of writhing in writhing test at all the doses (p<0.001) and increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.001) at all the doses when compared to control. EEVNF in the dosage of 400mg/kg b.w. produced analgesic effects which was comparable with that of the standard drug aspirin at dose 100mg/kg b.w in writhing test and produced greater analgesic activity than that of standard drug aspirin at dose 300mg/kg b.w in tail flick method.Conclusions: EEVNF has significant peripheral and central analgesic activity.
A case report on angioedema induced by levofloxacin: an unexpected occurrence
Authors: Sheth Haiya J. , Sood Shikha V. , Patel Rushin P. , Malhotra Supriya D.
Published: October 2017

Angioedema is an abrupt swelling of the skin, mucous membrane, or both. It can be either food or drug induced. Drug induced Angioedema (allergic or non-allergic) is known with ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, Beta-lactams. Levofloxacin is a well-tolerated, broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone commonly prescribed for urinary or respiratory tract infections. Common side effects with levofloxacin involve gastrointestinal tract. However, reports on Levofloxacin induced Angioedema are scarce. Hence, we report two cases of Levofloxacin induced Angioedema. In both the cases, patients developed swelling of face following ingestion of Tab. Levofloxacin 500 mg orally BD on previous day. Drug was prescribed for urinary or respiratory infection. After a provisional diagnosis of Levofloxacin induced Angioedema by the dermatologist, both the patients were asked to withdraw the drug immediately. The reaction was treated with Inj. Avil (Pheniramine maleate) 1 cc i.v. stat and Inj. Dexona (Dexamethasone) 2 cc i.v. stat in one patient whereas oral corticosteroid (Tab. Prednisolone 10mg orally OD with tapering dose) was used in second patient. Oral antihistaminics were also prescribed as per the necessity. Both patients recovered within 4-7 days. Both ADRs were uploaded via Vigiflow under Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI) with likely relationship between suspected drug and ADR. Incidence of Drug induced cutaneous ADRs (CADRs) in India is 2.85%. Instances of hypersensitivity or anaphylactic reactions with fluoroquinolones are much lesser and milder than with NSAIDs or Beta-lactams. These reactions are associated with quinolone-specific Ig E. Existence of cross reactivity with quinolones is also high. This property is due to a similar ring (4-oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinoline ring) possessed by all fluoroquinolones. This allergic angioedema confined to the skin can be treated with antihistaminics or glucocorticoids.
Effect of structured teaching program on the knowledge and opinion among Indian nursing students regarding breastfeeding
Authors: Bharani Anjali , Harshey Mohini , Verma Tanmay , Raipurkar Swati
Published: October 2017

Background: Breastfeeding is a basic human activity, vital to the infant and maternal health and of great economic value to the households and societies. Despite this, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in children below six months, in India continues to be suboptimal. This contributes to the high burden of infant mortality in our country. Nurses play a very important role in the maternity ward by giving the right advice and support for initiation and maintenance of lactation in the post-natal mothers. There is paucity of research assessing the knowledge of nursing students regarding breastfeeding and also to study the effect of a structured teaching program on their knowledge.Methods: A self-administered pre-test questionnaire regarding breastfeeding was given to a single sample of nursing students and then a structured teaching program was administered to them. The improvement in their knowledge was recorded by a post-test self-administered questionnaire. The data was statistically analyzed.Results: A total of eighty students were enrolled in the study. The overall knowledge and opinion of nursing students regarding breastfeeding were good. However, two-third of the students lacked knowledge on exclusiveness of breastfeeding. Almost half of the students did not know about the true contraindications to breastfeeding. Only twenty-one percent students knew about the correct technique of breastfeeding. The knowledge improved significantly after the structured teaching program (p value: 0.056). Conclusions: Implementation of structured teaching program significantly improved the knowledge of nursing students in all domains of breast feeding knowledge.
Spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in Wilson’s disease in children in a tertiary care center in South India: a prospective study
Authors: K. J. Karrunya , Bavanandam Sumathi , Dheivamani Nirmala , Reddy Vijayabhaskhar C. , K. Manoharan
Published: October 2017

Background: Wilson’s disease in children is the most common inherited disorder of copper metabolism in India with varied clinical manifestations secondary to deposition of copper in various organs including skin. Methods: The aim of the study was to study various cutaneous manifestations of Wilson’s disease in south Indian children. A prospective study for a period of one year was conducted at Dermatology and Pediatric Gastroenterology clinic in Government Rajiv Gandhi Hospital, Chennai. Clinical, demographic details, various cutaneous manifestations and results of skin biopsy were analysed.  Results: Out of the total 30 children with Wilson’s disease, 93.3% had at least one cutaneous, mucosal, hair or nail findings but not statistically significant between naive and on treatment group. Cutaneous findings, mucosal involvement, hair changes and nail findings were observed in 90%, 36.7%, 46.7% and 60% respectively. Cutaneous findings were more common in liver disease (P value<0.05). Xerosis was the most common cutaneous manifestation seen in 63.3% patients, followed by pigmentation in 36.7% and infection in 30%.  KF ring was noted in 53.3%. Icterus and pruritus were seen in one fifth of study children and majority had portal hypertension. Vascular changes like spider nevi, purpura and other features of portal hypertension were noted in 16.6% of study population. Trichomegaly was one of the common hair manifestation found in 9 (30% especially in children already on treatment (p value <0.05). There was no evidence of stainable copper on skin biopsy. Conclusions: The physicians should be aware of various cutaneous manifestations of Wilson’s disease in children.
Is head to chest circumference ratio a better detector of macrosomia in infants of diabetic mothers as compared to birth weight >4000g?
Authors: Jose Priya , Vani Jenifer , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar , Kuruvila Satish Korah , Krishnan Lalitha
Published: October 2017

Background: In populations with a high incidence of low birth weight, a macrosomia index (ratio of head /chest circumference) may better detect infants of diabetic mothers rather than a birth weight of ≥4000g. The objective of this study was to correlate Macrosomia Index ≤1 (MI) with maternal HbA1c at delivery.Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study in a Medical College Hospital in South India from November 2012 to March 2014.  Study subjects were 715 term consecutive, mother/neonate pairs, booked, inborn and singleton deliveries. Birth weight, head and chest circumference of neonates, and maternal HbA1c at delivery were measured. The calculated macrosmia index (MI) was correlated with maternal HbA1c. Pearson correlation and odd’s ratio were calculated.Results: Of 715 mothers, 68.3% (488/715) had HbA1c >5.4% (range 4.2 to 10.5%), although only 32.7% (234/715) were categorized as gestational diabetics in pregnancy. Odds of Macrosomia Index ≤1 in neonates with maternal HbA1c > 5.4% was 7 times (95%CI: 3.2-15.4) as compared to that of neonates of mothers with HbA1c ≤ 5.4 (p<0.001). 13.4% (96/715) of neonates had MI ≤1 but only 1.4% (10/715) had birth weight of ≥4000g.Conclusions: MI ≤1 correlated with an HbA1c of >5.4% at delivery. Hence, in addition to birth weight ≥4000g, MI ≤1 should also be used to detect macrosomia in infants of diabetic mothers.
The profile of Blood Pressure (BP) and the prevalence of Hypertension in school going children aged 5-15 years of Manipur, a North-Eastern hilly Indian state
Authors: Thangjam Rajendra Singh , Singh Abujam Indrajit , Rothangpui . , Cindy Laishram , Rameshchandra Th.
Published: October 2017

Background: Changing trend in lifestyle and increasing incidence of obesity in children may have a bearing on increasing incidence of adulthood hypertension. Recognition and timely intervention of childhood hypertension at the early stage may be the best strategy to decrease the burden of hypertension in the adult. Methods: This is a cross sectional study where school going children aged 5-15 years of age were examined physically and by 2D color Doppler Echocardiography. Children with systemic illness or any heart disease (structural or functional), were excluded. Anthropometric measurements particularly waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were calculated and BP was recorded by aneroid sphygmomanometer. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22, and descriptive statistics like percentages, mean, median, standard deviation were generated.Results: Of the 2946 children selected out of 3600 examined, 1570 (53.30%) were boys and 1376 (46.7%) were girls with mean age of 11.06 years. The mean BMI was 17.82±3.76 kgm-2. The prevalence of normal, underweight, overweight and obesity were 84%, 6.3%, 8.04%, and 1.7 % respectively. The average mean SBP/DBP in children aged 5-10 years was (99.6±10.4)/(64.8±9.5) mmHg, while that in the group of 10-15 years was (105.2±11.5)/(67.4±9.1) mmHg. The total prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in the study group were 516 (17.5%) and 451 (15.3%) respectively. Hypertension was detected in 14.55% of healthy weight, 21.6% of overweight and 29.4% of obese children.Conclusions: The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in school going children and adolescent is surprisingly quite high with a strong correlation with overweight and obese children.
Validation of Renal Angina Index (RAI) to improve the prediction of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in critically ill children admitted to paediatric intensive care unit (PICU)
Authors: V. Jakanattane , E. Sivakumar , D. Rajkumar , M. Kulandaivel
Published: October 2017

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is associated with poor outcome in critically ill children. Reliable prediction of severe AKI may optimize treatment. Here we operationalize the concept of renal angina with Renal Angina Index (RAI). The objective of this study was to validate RAI for prediction of severe AKI on Day 3 of admission.Methods: A prospective observational study including children 1 month to 12 years admitted to PICU at ICH and RC, Madurai over 6 months. Clinical data, urine output (ml/kg/hour), serial S. creatinine values were collected. Renal angina positive was defined as RAI score ≥8.Results: Overall incidence of AKI was 27.8%. Day 0 RAI ≥8 was 42.9% of which 56.1% developed day 3 AKI. RAI ≤8 had high NPV of 93% for Day 3 AKI. Renal angina concept using RAI predicts subsequent severe AKI. RAI provides clinically feasible and applicable methodology to identify critically ill children at risk of severe AKI lasting beyond functional injury. RAI may potentially reduce capricious AKI biomarker use.Conclusions: The use of renal angina to stratify patients for enrollment in biomarker or therapy trials may create the uniformity required to properly analyze AKI in pediatric population. We believe that renal angina is a clinical adjunct that will lead to the optimization of AKI biomarker performance across the wide-ranging heterogeneity that exists across the general pediatric PICU population. RAI may potentially reduce capricious AKI biomarker use by identifying patients in whom further testing would be most beneficial.
Stress hyperglycemia: clinical profile and outcome in critically ill children
Authors: Grace R. Diana , V. Poovazhagi
Published: October 2017

Background: Stress hyperglycemia (SH) occurs commonly during critical illness in children with previously normal glucose homeostasis. Objective of present study was to study the clinical presentation, underlying illness and the outcome of stress hyperglycemia among critically ill children.Methods:Children attending the outpatient department and the casualty were admitted to Emergency department based on the triage guidelines. Children with blood glucose above 200 mg/dl on admission to the emergency department were considered to have hyperglycemia and were shifted to the Paediatric intensive care unit or the paediatric wards for further management. Data was collected as per the proforma. The blood sugar values were followed up in these children until restoration of normoglycemia. All the children were followed up till discharge or death in case of mortality. Associated risk factors were analysed between the survivors and nonsurvivors.Results: Among 102 children included in the study group from1 month to 12 yrs, 55 were infants, 37 in the age group of 1-5 yrs and 10 were more than 5 yrs. 60 were males and 42 were females. Family history of diabetes was encountered in 10 children. Out of 102 children, 60 recovered to hospital discharge. Sepsis, seizures, bronchopneumonia and CNS infections were the common illness among children with stress hyperglycemia. Age less than 1year, breathlessness, fever, shock, seizures and altered sensorium were identified to be significantly associated with mortality in children with stress hyperglycemia by univariate analysis in this study. Regression analysis revealed age less than one year, presence of lung infiltrates, longer duration of hyperglycemia, and need for Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admission to be significantly associated with mortality. Non survivors had persistent hyperglycemia up to 48 hours in comparison to survivors. Overall mortality in the study group was 41%.Conclusions:Incidence of stress hyperglycemia is high in infants. Infections were the common underlying diagnosis in stress hyperglycemia. Being an infant, prolonged hyperglycemia for 48 hrs and need for PICU care were significantly associated with mortality. Overall mortality in children with stress hyperglycemia is 41%.
Study of intra-cranial space occupying lesion in children at tertiary care centre, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Authors: Prajapati Nisha
Published: October 2017

Background: ICSOL is some common children and leads to morbidity and mortality in the absence of early diagnosis and treatment2. Due to advance in diagnostic technique, the prognosis for children with ICSOL is more hopeful because of the development of newer therapeutic modalities. Objective of present study was to investigate the incidence, etiology, clinical manifestations, cilinico-radiological correlation, evaluate the therapeutic modalities and outcome of patients of ICSOLMethods: This prospective study was done among all 40 confirmed cases of space occupying lesion out of total 935 central nervous system related cases & 64 suspected cases admitted at department of peadiatrics in NHL medical college, Ahmedabad during July 2002 to October 2004.Results: Out of total CNS cases, 64 (6.8%) cases clinically diagnosed as SOLs cases and 40 (62.5%) were confirmed by radiological imaging technique. Study observed >50% cases in 5-9 age group and 57.5% male SOL. Tubeculoma covered highest (45.0%) cases and convulsion, headache, vomiting and altered sensorium were the main sign/symptoms. According to radiological findings, supratentorial SOL seen in 75.0% cases and mortality seen in 7.5% cases.Conclusions: Study observed higher incidence of SOL in the age group of 5 to 9 years. Total CNS cases were about 20.9% out of total admission and incidence of SOL was about 4.28% in total CNS cases. Highest incidence of tuberculoma which was most common etiology observed among both the gender.  Study observed clinic-radiological correlation in SOL was about 62.5%. overall mortality in present in SOL was 7.5.
HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO INOCULADOS COM Azospirillum brasilense SOB DIFERENTES DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO
Authors: CADORE RAFAEL , PAULINO DA COSTA NETTO ANTÔNIO , FIALHO DOS REIS EDÉSIO , ANTONIO RAGAGNIN VILMAR , SIQUEIRA FREITAS DOUGLAS , PERES DE LIMA TAYNARA , ROSSATO MARIELI , ALVES D'ABADIA ANA CLAUDIA
Published: October 2017

RESUMO - Microrganismos do gênero Azospirillum possuem o potencial de melhorar o desenvolvimento e a produção da cultura do milho. Porém as respostas dos híbridos de milho não são iguais frente à inoculação com estes microrganismos, devido a possível especificidade na interação entre genótipo e microrganismo e os diferentes manejos adotados. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade de dez híbridos a fim de indicar entre esses híbridos os mais responsivos quando submetidos à inoculação de Azospirillum brasilense e a diferentes doses de nitrogênio em cobertura. Vários caracteres agronômicos foram avaliados como: altura de plantas, altura de inserção da espiga, diâmetro de colmo, teor de clorofila total, tamanho de espiga, número de fileiras da espiga, números de grãos por fileira, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade de grãos. Além dos caracteres agronômicos avaliou-se a atividade da enzima redutase do nitrato em duas diferentes épocas (V4 - V6 e VT). Os híbridos mais produtivos foram o Biogene 7046, Dekalb 310 VT PRO™ e Agroeste 1596 VT PRO™. O incremento das doses de nitrogênio aumentou o diâmetro do colmo, teor de clorofila total, comprimento da espiga, grãos por fileira e a produção de grãos.Palavras-chave: adubação nitrogenada; bactérias diazotróficas; safrinha.MAIZE HYBRIDS INOCULATED WITH Azospirillum brasilense UNDER DIFFERENT DOSES OF NITROGENABSTRACT – Microorganisms of the genus Azospirillum have the potential to improve the development and production of maize. However, the response of corn hybrids is not equal under inoculation with these microorganisms due to the specificity in the interaction between genotype and microorganism and the use of different managements. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the development and productivity of ten hybrids to indicate the most responsive when subjected to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and different doses of nitrogen fertilization. Several agronomic characters were evaluate as plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, total chlorophyll content, ear size, number of rows grains per ear, number of grains per row, mass of 100 grains and grain yield. In addition to the agronomic traits the activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase was evaluated in two different seasons (V4 - V6 and VT). The most productive hybrids were Biogene 7046, Dekalb 310 VT PRO ™ and Agroeste 1596 VT PRO ™.The increment of nitrogen increased stem diameter, total chlorophyll content, ear length, grains per row and grain production.Keywords: dizotrofic bacterias; nitrogen fertilization; second harvest.