bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Once again to the problem of estimating the number of Genoese merchants in Byzantium at the end of the 13th century using the methods of mathematical statistics
Authors: Shpirko Sergey
Published: May 2022

One of the actual problems of Byzantine studies is the estimation of the size of the Genoese trading community of Constantinople, which played a critical role in the fate of late Byzantium. To solve this problem the historian A.L. Ponomarev proposed to use mathematical methods based on data from indirect sources - notarial deeds preserved in the State Archives of Genoa. These deeds were drawn up to fix commercial transactions, agreements on the creation of commercial partnerships, the hiring of ships, wills, the purchase and sale of houses, goods and people. In addition to the obligatory mention in the deed form of the names of the contracting parties and witnesses to the transaction, it may also, depending on its type, contain the names of guardians, recipients of the will and other third parties. Thus, these data on the clientele of Genoese notaries represent a rather impressive and valuable array of information, which may indirectly indicate the size of the entire trading Genoese community of Byzantium. To solve this problem, the author of this paper draws on the ideas and methods of the theory of random placements, which is an intensively developing area of mathematical statistics. It is based on constructing a linear estimate of the value and assumes a random sample. The result obtained is compared with the estimate from the previous paper by the author, which is based on another method of mathematical statistics and is quite close to the value of A.L. Ponomarev - 688 people.
3D modeling methods and architectural history of the mansion on Tverskaya 21: a noble estate, the Moscow English Club, a museum
Authors: Beklyamisheva Alisa Andreevna
Published: May 2022

The article presents architectural history of the building of the Moscow English Club, located in the center of Moscow on Tverskaya Street using the methods of three-dimensional modeling. The object of study is an object of cultural heritage, which during its history used to be a city estate, a noble club and now is a museum. Features of its location, historical events, socio-cultural context and change of purpose have influenced both the external design of the building and its internal structure. The author identifies and analyzes causes of changes in the architecture of the building, summarizes information from archival sources, identifies inaccuracies and contradictions that are found in documents. Based on materials from the funds of the Schusev State Museum of Architecture, the Central State Archive of Moscow and published sources, the author systematized the architectural history of the building and information about its owners. The data on the reconstruction of the building, based on the comparison of drawings and explanations to them, applications and projects, sketches and site plans, were shown in the scheme. For 3D visualization in 3Ds max six time periods were chosen: 1830s, 1875, 1883, 1896, 1912, 1940s. Agisoft PhotoScan and Adobe Photoshop were also used in the work.
Mathematical COVID-19 model with vaccination: a case study in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Algarni Abeer D. , Ben Hamed Aws , Hamdi Monia , Elmannai Hela , Meshoul Souham
Published: May 2022

The discovery of a new form of corona-viruses in December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, commonly named COVID-19, has reshaped the world. With health and economic issues at stake, scientists have been focusing on understanding the dynamics of the disease, in order to provide the governments with the best policies and strategies allowing them to reduce the span of the virus. The world has been waiting for the vaccine for more than one year. The World Health Organization (WHO) is advertising the vaccine as a safe and effective measure to fight off the virus. Saudi Arabia was the fourth country in the world to start to vaccinate its population. Even with the new simplified COVID-19 rules, the third dose is still mandatory. COVID-19 vaccines have raised many questions regarding in its efficiency and its role to reduce the number of infections. In this work, we try to answer these question and propose a new mathematical model with five compartments, including susceptible, vaccinated, infectious, asymptotic and recovered individuals. We provide theoretical results regarding the effective reproduction number, the stability of endemic equilibrium and disease free equilibrium. We provide numerical analysis of the model based on the Saudi case. Our developed model shows that the vaccine reduces the transmission rate and provides an explanation to the rise in the number of new infections immediately after the start of the vaccination campaign in Saudi Arabia.
Background segmentation in difficult weather conditions
Authors: Karbowiak Lukasz , Bobulski Janusz
Published: May 2022

Background segmentation is a process in which an algorithm removes the static background from an image. This allows only a changing section of the image. This process is important for motion detection or object tracking. In this article, an approach is proposed to compare several existing algorithms for background segmentation under severe weather conditions. Three weather conditions were tested: falling snow, rain and a sunny windy day. The test algorithms were executed on a test video containing frames collected by a dedicated Raspberry Pi camera. The frames used in the tests included cars, bicycles, motorcycles, people, and trees. Preliminary results from these tests show interesting differences in detail detection and detection noise.
Anatomical indicators of Eucalyptus spp. resistance to Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae)
Authors: Del Piero Fernando Henrique Moreno de Oliveira , Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Domingues Maurício Magalhães , Favoreto Ana Laura , Rodella Roberto Antonio , Pereira Alexandre Igor Azevedo , Silva Wiane Meloni , Serrão José Eduardo , Zanuncio José Cola
Published: May 2022

The total area of forest crops in Brazil is 9.55 million hectares, of which 7.5 million hectares are Eucalyptus. These crops are the most productive in the world, but may suffer losses due to exotic pests, including Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) found in Brazil since 2003. Interactions between Eucalyptus plants and insect pests may led to the selection of resistant genotypes. Eucalyptus species are either susceptible or resistant to this pest group, but the damage they suffer needs to be evaluated. The objective was to determine possible leaf anatomy indicators of different Eucalyptus species associated with G. brimblecombei infestations, focusing on plant resistance to this pest. The study was carried out with Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urophylla saplings infested or not by G. brimblecombei eggs and nymphs. Eighteen anatomical characteristics of the leaves of these plants were analyzed. The number of stomata on the adaxial and abaxial sides and the glandular area in the central leaf vein are associated with greater or lesser infestation by G. brimblecombei in the Eucalyptus genotypes.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of two pulpal medicaments on pain and bleeding status of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis post-failure of inferior alveolar nerve block: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial
Authors: Singh Naomi Ranjan , Mishra Lora , Pawar Ajinkya M. , Kurniawati Nike , Wahjuningrum Dian Agustin
Published: May 2022

Background

Complete relief of pain due to irreversible pulpitis is challenging to obtain with analgesic medications. The high incidence of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) failure makes it difficult for practitioners to perform endodontic treatment without implementing other anesthetic techniques, especially mandibular molars. The aim of this study was to compare efficacies of two different quantities of paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicaments to relieve the pain and control hyperemic pulp post-failure of IANB and supplementary technique in patients experiencing this symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in the permanent mandibular tooth.

Method

Eighty-two participants with severe pain pre-operatively (Heft Parker Visual Analogue Scale, VAS > 114 mm) were enrolled, and pain responses were recorded at different time intervals using the Heft Parker visual analogue scale. To the patients experiencing pain even after the administration of the standard IANB and supplemental intraligamentary injection, one of the two paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicaments was placed in the pulp chamber and sealed. Participants were recalled after 24–48 h (second visit) to assess pain and bleeding reduction.

Results

Results showed a significant decrease in pain severity and bleeding score post medicament placement (p < .05). Hence judicious use within a recommended period, pulpal medicaments can be considered safe.

Conclusion

Paraformaldehyde based pulpal medicament can be used as an alternative to manage pain in patients having severe irreversible pulpitis and hyperalgesia.
Tracing RNA viruses associated with Nudibranchia gastropods
Authors: Rosani Umberto
Published: May 2022

Background

Nudibranchia is an under-studied taxonomic group of gastropods, including more than 3,000 species with colourful and extravagant body shapes and peculiar predatory and defensive strategies. Although symbiosis with bacteria has been reported, no data are available for the nudibranch microbiome nor regarding viruses possibly associated with these geographically widespread species.

Methods

Based on 47 available RNA sequencing datasets including more than two billion reads of 35 nudibranch species, a meta-transcriptome assembly was constructed. Taxonomic searches with DIAMOND, RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase identification with palmscan and viral hallmark genes identification by VirSorter2 in combination with CheckV were applied to identify genuine viral genomes, which were then annotated using CAT.

Results

A total of 20 viral genomes were identified as bona fide viruses, among 552 putative viral contigs resembling both RNA viruses of the Negarnaviricota, Pisuviricota, Kitrinoviricota phyla and actively transcribing DNA viruses of the Cossaviricota and Nucleocytoviricota phyla. The 20 commonly identified viruses showed similarity with RNA viruses identified in other RNA-seq experiments and can be putatively associated with bacteria, plant and arthropod hosts by co-occurence analysis. The RNA samples having the highest viral abundances showed a heterogenous and mostly sample-specific distribution of the identified viruses, suggesting that nudibranchs possess diversified and mostly unknown viral communities.
Control and Simulation of A 13C Isotope Separation Process
Authors: M. Motorga Roxana , Muresan Vlad , Abrudean Mihail
Published: May 2022

This paper is presenting a control solution for the concentration of the 13C isotope, both at the output and inside of the separation column; the proposed solutions are a relay and a PID controller. The 13C isotope results after a distributed parameter process, specifically the chemical exchange process of the carbon dioxide and carbamate. The analytical solution that was determined in order to model the described process is simulated. The evolution of the proposed solution depends on two parameters: the position in the column height and the time. The reference model is simulated in order to reach to the desired concentration using an acceptable flow of solution. The tuning method for the PID controller is Ziegler-Nichols, based on the bipositional relay. The advantage obtained during this control process consists of the possibility of reaching the desired concentration of the 13C isotope at any point of height inside the separation column.
Damage Identification and Localization in an Aluminium Plate Based on Lamb Waves
Authors: Țîrle Laura , Ursu Ioan , Enciu Daniela
Published: May 2022

The article presents a method for identifying and locating damages in an aluminum plate using Lamb waves. For this, a network of PZT wafer type actuators/sensors is used to generate and detect Lamb waves. The damage location algorithm is sketched taking into account the network configuration of PZT sensors. The experimental results confirm the calculation procedure.
Nutritional Composition of Wheat, Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) and Unripe Plantain (Musa paradisiaca) Flour Blends
Authors: Ogunlakin G. O. , Ajala F. O. , Olajire A. S.
Published: May 2022

Aims: This research aimed at determining the chemical and nutritional properties of composite flour produced from wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain composite flour in order to explore its potentials in food formulation.

Study Design: The experiment followed a completely randomized design.

Methodology: Different formulations (86.67:6.67:6.67, 80:0:20 83.33:13.33:3.33, 90:10:0, 90:0:10, 93.33:3.33:3.33, 83.33:3.33:13.33, 80:10:10, 80:20:0 and 100:0:0) were obtained using optimal mixture design of response surface methodology from the blends of wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain. The proximate, mineral and vitamin contents were determined for the formulated samples. The results were further optimized using optimal design of response surface methodology.

Results: The values for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy for the flour blends ranged 8.46-11.82%, 0.80-1.87%, 8.65-14.01%, 0.95-4.98%, 0.35-0.59%, 70.04-78.64% and 354.04-381.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. The values obtained for calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and iron of the flour blends ranged 26.60-29.95, 0.91-4.05, 1.62-2.01, 80.50-108.14 and 0.88-1.16 mg/100 g, respectively. The values obtained for vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6 and C of the flour blends ranged 150.36-160.60, 7.10-20.25, 6.04-23.92, 7.12-7.23, and 2.02-3.05 mg/100 g, respectively. The two optimum blends that gave overall best results using nutritional compositions as dependent variables were 80:12.68:7.32 and 80:13.21:6.79 (wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain).

Conclusion: The result of the proximate and nutritional content showed that the composite flour of wheat, mushroom and unripe plantain flour is a good source of ash, protein, fat, dietary fibre and carbohydrate and relevant in food application especially in the production of baked food products especially in developing countries.
Assessment of Complementary Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status of Children (0-24 months) in Akuku Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Wachukwu-Chikodi H. I. , Sonye C. U.
Published: May 2022

This study was carried out to assess complementary feeding practices of under-five children in Akuku Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research was adopted for the study. The population for the study consisted of nursing mothers with children (0-24 months) attending their normal health services in seven (7) major primary health care centres in Akuku Toru Local Government Area, Rivers State. A sample size of 210 nursing mothers was selected for the study. The instrument used for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire titled “Assessment of Complementary Feeding Practices of Children Questionnaire”. The questionnaire was validated by three validates. Data generated using the research instrument was analyzed using frequency, percentages and mean. The findings obtained showed that most nursing mothers initiate complementary feeding at early age and their reasons often times are pressure from their family members who do not understand the benefits of adequate breast milk and pressure from employers to resume work. Majority of the sampled nursing mothers in the study area prefer cereal/grain, fruits, vegetables, yoghurt and custard over other complementary foods used in nursing a child. Majority of the respondent agreed that the nutritional status of infants introduced to complementary foods at their early stage of development is usually underweight, stunting and wasting. It was also established that inappropriate complementary feeding practices adopted by nursing mothers in the study areas has significant effect on the nutritional status of their infants. Therefore, the study recommends that there is need for promotion of women’s health and nutrition as a strategy that will benefit child nutritional status. Interventional programmes should target poorer household and mothers with lower educational level to improve complementary feeding practices of mothers. Developmental programmes should focus on empowering women in rural communities by improving of household income through creation of employment and access to credit facilities that will enable women engage in sustainable means of livelihood.
Suppressing Effect of Conocarpus lancifolius Aqueous Extract on Cereal Germination Physiology
Authors: Hussain Iqtidar , Abbas Rashid
Published: May 2022

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of Conocarpus lancifolius on cereal germination physiology in vitro environment at agronomic post graduate laboratory, faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK., Pakistan during the session 2021. The experimental design used was CRD with three replications. A control treatment was also included. By applying the water extract of C. lancifolius to cereal crops, namely wheat, oat, rice, millet, maize, and sorghum @ 25% (w/v) to check its allelopathic potential. The leaf water extract was applied at interval of 3 days for each treatment. The data obtained after 20 days showed that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius effected differently for different crops. The effect of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius significantly enhance the germination count for all the cereal as compared to control. Similarly, the data recorded for plant tallness (cm) by the application of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius, the tallest plants were observed in oat, millet, and sorghum (14.6, 7.85 and 11.50 grams) respectively. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius reduced the plant height (cm) of all other cereals. Moreover, the data collected for shoot length (cm) indicated that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius responded positively for improving the shoot length of oat as compared to control, while all other crops showed negative effect.  The results further described that the aqueous extract of C. lancifolius proved to be effective in improving the root length of oat and sorghum. However, the data recorded for root length of maize were found like the control treatment and remain unaffected. Similarly, the regarded epicotyl length (cm) indicated that the application of aqueous extract of C. lancifolius  responded positively in uplifting the epicotyl length (cm) of sorghum followed  millet and oat having their epicotyl length 1.31, 1.16 and 1.1 (cm) respectively. However, the application of C. lancifolius aqueous extract adversely affected the count of leaves per plant, fresh and dry wight (gm) and chlorophyll content of all the crops studied.
Acute and Sub-Acute Evaluations of Parsonsia straminea Stem Bark Ethanol Extract Impact on Some Behavioral Parameters in Mice
Authors: Kemelayefa James , Kagbo Hope , Georgewill Udeme
Published: May 2022

Objectives: The plant Parsonsia straminea (P.S) have little or no ethnopharmacological records but local claims; as such its behavioral impact determination leads this study. The study team is poised at assessing the changes in behaviors such as: Motor coordination, anxiety, and depression in single dose and repetitive dose(s) exposure.

Methodology: Ethical consideration. The study proposal was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria and approval was given. Plant collection and crude drug extraction. The plant was sourced from the Wilberforce rain forest of Nigeria and herbarium identification number, NDUP/21/001 was given in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine, Niger Delta University, Nigeria. The collected plant was processed for ethanol extraction according to the method described by Trease and Evans. Design. The study was designed into single (acute) and repetitive (sub-acute) treatments/exposures in all study methods. The acute were administered via oral and intraperitoneal route to ascertain safety and possible onset difference. The acute treatment groups: group, 1(VEH), 2 (100 mg/kg), 3 (200 mg/kg), 4 (400 mg/kg), 5 (800 mg/kg), 6 (1000 mg/kg) doses and sub-acute treatment groups include group: 1 (VEH), 2 (50 mg/kg), 3 (100 mg/kg), 4 (200 mg/kg), 5 (400 mg/kg) and 6 (800 mg/kg) treatment for 15 days (n=5), motor coordination (open field test, cataleptic test), depression (light & dark box test), memory function test (B-maze) and sleeping time test was applied to both acute and sub-acute.

Results: Data from the P.S stem bark extract showed significant motor coordination, prevents sleep onset, and no depression potential in both acute and sub-acute treatments.

Conclusion: The P.S stem bark extract proves stable impact on the CNS as it is indicated in behaviors evaluated in the animal model. However, beside all that are stated above, the extract of P. Straminea stem bark suggests usefulness in control of narcolepsy, cataplexy and sleep paralysis symptoms.
Yield and Profitability of Organic Radish Cultivation with Different between-Row Spacings
Authors: Neto Sebastiao Elviro de Araujo , Ferreira Regina Lucia Felix , Souza Luis Gustavo de Souza e , Pinheiro Adonias de Albuquerque , Marino Greta , Albuquerque Davi Fontenele
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the yield and profitability of organic radish cultivation using different between-row spacings. The experiment was conducted at the Seridó Ecological Station in Rio Branco – AC in a randomized block design with five between-row spacings (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 m) and four replications. Each plot consisted of four rows transverse to the plant bed at a density of 16.7 plants m-¹, spaced 0,06 m from one another, with the planting densities of 316.7, 255.7, 216.7, 166.7, 116.7, and 66.7 plants m-2, respectively. The following agronomic variables were evaluated 35 days after sowing: shoot biomass, root yield, harvest index, root diameter, mean root mass, dry shoot mass, and the economic variables of mean total cost, cost-to-benefit ratio, yield to cover total costs, profitability, total income, net income, total cost, family labor remuneration, and profitability index. The smallest between-row spacing, increasing the planting density, increased the yield and reduced the root diameter without changing the mean root mass and the dry shoot mass. The increase in planting density increased the total cost and reduced the mean total cost, increasing the economic indicators of B/C ratio, profit rate, net and total income, profitability index, and family labor remuneration.
Protein–protein interaction network of E. coli K‐12 has significant high‐dimensional cavities: new insights from algebraic topological studies
Authors: Xue Xiao‐yan , Chen Zhou , Hu Yue , Nie Dan , Zhao Hui , Mao Xing‐gang
Published: May 2022

As a model system, Escherichia coli has been used to study various life processes. A dramatic paradigm shift has occurred in recent years, with the study of single proteins moving toward the study of dynamically interacting proteins, especially protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks. However, despite the importance of PPI networks, little is known about the intrinsic nature of the network structure, especially high‐dimensional topological properties. By introducing general hypergeometric distribution, we reconstruct a statistically reliable combined PPI network of E. coli (E. coli‐PPI‐Network) from several datasets. Unlike traditional graph analysis, algebraic topology was introduced to analyze the topological structures of the E. coli‐PPI‐Network, including high‐dimensional cavities and cycles. Random networks with the same node and edge number (RandomNet) or scale‐free networks with the same degree distribution (RandomNet‐SameDD) were produced as controls. We discovered that the E. coli‐PPI‐Network had special algebraic typological structures, exhibiting more high‐dimensional cavities and cycles, compared to RandomNets or, importantly, RandomNet‐SameDD. Based on these results, we defined degree of involved q‐dimensional cycles of proteins (q‐DCprotein) in the network, a novel concept that relies on the integral structure of the network and is different from traditional node degree or hubs. Finally, top proteins ranked by their 1‐DCprotein were identified (such as gmhB, rpoA, rplB, rpsF and yfgB). In conclusion, by introducing mathematical and computer technologies, we discovered novel algebraic topological properties of the E. coli‐PPI‐Network, which has special high‐dimensional cavities and cycles, and thereby revealed certain intrinsic rules of information flow underlining bacteria biology.
SPACE: A psychological model for use within cognitive behavioural coaching, therapy and stress management
Authors: Edgerton Nick , Palmer Stephen
Published: May 2022

This paper introduces ‘SPACE’, a comprehensive psychological model that can be used within cognitive behavioural coaching, therapy and stress management to aid assessment, explain the cognitive model to the client, and assist in the development of a coaching, therapeutic or training programme. Other models, coaching processes and acronyms will be briefly covered to put ‘SPACE’ into a coaching context. For illustrative purposes this paper will focus on coaching.
Leadership Coaching? No thanks, I’m not worthy
Authors: Ellam-Dyson Vicky , Palmer Stephen
Published: May 2022

The question of what encourages or discourages individuals to be coached, or not, is an interesting one. Particularly when the coaching is being funded and it has been positioned as a useful tool to aid the transition to a more senior position. In a study intended to follow 41 executives through the coaching process almost half of the participants declined the opportunity to receive coaching. It is possible that this is related to avoidance behaviour. In previous research avoidance behaviours have been linked to maladaptive beliefs and demands, such as low self-worth/acceptance, perfectionism and low frustration tolerance. Beliefs data for the coaching and no-coaching group were compared and it was found that those who chose not to be coached had significantly lower unconditional self-acceptance than those that were coached. Implications of the findings in terms of how they relate to potential leadership effectiveness are discussed, along with suggestions for organisations and coaches regarding how to overcome these issues. This paper also describes the pitfalls at various stages in the research which resulted in an unavoidable change of focus and alternative research questions, but also led to unexpected important findings.
ENABLE: A solution-focused coaching model for individual and team coaching
Authors: Adams Mark
Published: May 2022

A number of coaching models exist that can add structure, direction and momentum to coaching conversations, including I-GROW, PRACTICE, SPACE and OSKAR (Whitmore, 2002; Palmer, 2007, 2008; Edgerton & Palmer, 2005; Jackson & McKergow, 2002). This paper introduces a new coaching model – ENABLE – which captures some of the key components of Solution-Focused Coaching (SFC) while reflecting a central underlying principle of a solution-focused orientation. The evidence base for the application of a solution-focused approach to coaching is explored, with specific reference to the impact of solution-focused practices on the coachee’s sense of hope that change can be achieved. Possible applications for the ENABLE model are discussed, while caveats about its use are considered. It is suggested that the ENABLE model could represent a helpful tool for coaches and coaching psychologists, given the versatility of the solution-focused approach.
Solution-focused coaching: The basics for advanced practitioners
Authors: Grant Anthony M.
Published: May 2022

The solution-focused approach has much to offer coaching both novice and advanced practitioners. The core solution-focused principles discussed in this paper can augment and extend all facets of coaching practice. This article outlines the central features of the solution-focused approach to coaching and extends the utility of those basic features for use and for reflection by novice and more advanced coaching practitioners. Practical models discussed in this article include the ‘solution-focused cathartic wave’ – a model that tracks the emergence of emotional catharsis during the coaching conversation; the ‘probing for solutions model’ which provides a simple structure for solution-focused coaching conversations; and also discussion on how a solution-focused approach can be used in a range of change-orientated settings.
Revisiting the ‘P’ in the PRACTICE coaching model
Authors: Palmer Stephen
Published: May 2022

The PRACTICE model of coaching has been developing over time and adapted to the presenting issues arising during the initial stage of coaching. This paper will briefly highlight the options available.
Coaching through walking
Authors: Turner Arthur
Published: May 2022

This article is the second in an occasional series of papers that attempt to articulate different approaches to coaching practice and should be read in conjunction with the first article about working with finger puppets (Turner, 2016). Both articles illustrate a set of different approaches to further coaching practice that seeks to support innovation and creativity amongst the coaching fraternity. Although walking-coaching is not entirely new as an approach (Read, 2016), coaching can too often be portrayed as a static event in closed offices or more informal spaces such as cafes. Such approaches can have a psychological dimension such as outlined in Bachkirova (2014) and Spinelli (2014), both of which highlight the ways in which learning can be considered as emergent as humans experience their own ways of being in the moment and in the environment.
Using the four gateways to tell new stories and make new choices
Authors: Drake David
Published: May 2022

Coaches and clients can make more conscious and generative choices when they have greater somatic self-awareness.
Positive Psychology Coaching – a model for coaching practice
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: May 2022

This is the first in a series of papers to look at Positive Psychology Coaching (PPC) as an approach suitable for use with coaching clients. This paper presents a brief overview of PPC for readers who are less familiar with the approach and highlights other sources for a fuller account of PPC. The paper sets the scene for a subsequent series of papers in this and future issues within the Coaching Psychology Techniques section. Each of these subsequent techniques papers presents a short description of a technique grounded in PPC and which are suitable for use with coachees.
Positive psychology techniques – Positive case conceptualisation
Authors: Passmore Jonathan , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: May 2022

This short techniques article is part of a series of papers and builds on the initial outline paper which explored the potential of positive psychology approaches within coaching (Passmore & Oades, 2014). This paper focuses on the skill of positive case conceptualisation, which allows coach and coachee to work collaboratively on building a shared understanding of the positive issues under discussion.
The scientist-practitioner model as a framework for coaching psychology
Authors: Corrie Sarah , Lane David A.
Published: May 2022

The scientist-practitioner model has been proposed as a viable basis for the development of coaching psychology, despite proving to be a controversial ideal in other forms of applied psychology. This article examines what is meant by this term and how it can contribute to the development of coaching psychology and proposes a redefinition of the model that is fit for the purposes of contemporary coaching practice.
Positive psychology techniques – Three Good Things
Authors: Jonathan Passmore , Oades Lindsay G.
Published: May 2022

This short article is the last in a series of six papers exploring positive psychology coaching techniques. The previous papers have explored the concept of positive coaching psychology and how it may be applied. The focus of this paper is a technique that encourages the mind to pay more attention to good things and develop a mind more observant of the positive in life.
Reflection, note-taking and coaching: If it ain’t written, it ain’t coaching!
Authors: Grant Anthony M.
Published: May 2022

This paper explores issues related to reflection-in-action, an essential tool in the development of coaching expertise, and discusses how note-taking by the coach during the coaching conversation can help develop the coach’s skills in this area. Reflection-in-action is in-the-moment reflective use of experience and knowledge so as to better facilitate the coaching process. This requires a high level of self-insight – a clear understanding of one’s thoughts, feelings and behavior. Levels of self-insight can be developed by mindfully engaging in exercises designed to raise in-the-moment awareness during the actual coaching process. Structured note-taking is one such approach that has been shown to be effective. The development of these skills allows coaches to be more agile in the coaching process, and helps them work in both structured and unstructured ways with their clients. Case-based examples are presented along with suggestions for the development of these skills.
Infants' preferences for approachers over repulsers shift between 4 and 8 months of age
Authors: Geraci Alessandra , Regolin Lucia , Simion Francesca , Surian Luca
Published: May 2022

Despite its adaptive value for social life, the emergence and the development of the ability to detect agents that cause aversive interactions and distinguish them from potentially affiliative agents (approachers) has not been investigated. We presented infants with a simple interaction involving two agents: one of them (the “repulser”) moved toward and pushed the other (the “approacher”) which reacted by simply moving toward the repulser without contacting it. We found that 8‐month‐olds (N = 28) looked longer at the approacher than at the repulser (Experiment 1), whereas 4‐month‐olds (N = 30) exhibited no preference (Experiment 2). To control for low‐level cues (such as the preference for the agent that moved after the contact), two new groups of 4‐ and 8‐month‐old infants were presented with a series of interactions in which the agents inverted their social roles. Older infants (N = 30) manifested no preference for either agent (Experiment 3), while younger infants (N = 30) looked longer at the first agent to move (Experiment 4). Our results indicated that 8‐month‐olds’ preferences for the approacher over the repulser depended on social information and were finely tuned to agents that display prosocial rather than antisocial behavior. We discuss these findings in light of the development and adaptive value of the ability to negatively evaluate repulsers, to avoid choosing them as partners.
3D Printed Stretchable Liquid Gallium Battery
Authors: Costa Guilherme , Lopes Pedro Alhais , Sanati Afsaneh L. , Silva André F. , Freitas Marta Calisto , de Almeida Anibal T. , Tavakoli Mahmoud
Published: May 2022

Despite the rapid progress on soft and stretchable batteries, current fabrication techniques involve manual disposition and stencil/screen printing. Here, for the first time, a 3D‐printed Ag–Ga battery is introduced through subsequent printing of four sinter‐free composites: a stretchable Liquid Metal (LM) EGaIn‐Ag‐Styrene‐isoprene block copolymers (SIS), and Carbon‐SIS current collectors; Ag2O‐SIS cathode; and a novel Ga‐C‐SIS anode. Being sinter‐free results in faster printing, and compatibility with heat‐sensitive substrates. Although the Ga‐C‐SIS is solid‐like and nonsmearing after printing, it creates a liquid interface after contacting with the electrolyte. This results in a self‐feeding and self‐aggregation mechanism that brings more gallium to the surface and delays the formation of the dead surface. The record‐breaking areal capacity of ≈19.4 mAh cm−2, along with excellent stretchability (>130% Max. strain), makes the Ag–Ga battery an excellent alternative to Ag–Zn batteries. Surprisingly, digital printing results in 3x higher areal capacity compared to stencil printing, due to greater gallium exposure at the surface. The desired voltage and current output can be customized by printing several battery cells and interconnect them in series/parallel. Also, printing of sensors, electrodes, batteries, and interconnects on a biomonitoring e‐textile for simultaneous monitoring of electrocardiography, body temperature, and respiration is demonstrated.
Doping Compensation Enables High‐Detectivity Infrared Organic Photodiodes for Image Sensing
Authors: Song Yu , Zhong Zhiming , He Penghui , Yu Gang , Xue Qifan , Lan Linfeng , Huang Fei
Published: May 2022

Infrared organic photodiodes have gained increasing attention due to their great application potentials in night vision, optical communication, and all‐weather imaging. However, the commonly occurring high dark current and low detectivity impede infrared photodetectors from portable applications at room temperature. Herein, an efficient and generic doping compensation strategy is developed to improve the detectivity of infrared organic photodiodes. A series of n‐type organic semiconductors is investigated, and it is found that doping compensation strategy not only reduces the trap density of states and dark currents, but also restrains the nonradiative recombination with improved charge transport and collection. As a result, an ultralow noise spectral density of 8 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2 as well as a high specific detectivity over 1013 Jones in 780–1070 nm is achieved at room temperature. More importantly, the high‐performance infrared organic photodiodes can be successfully applied in high‐pixel‐density image arrays without patterning sensing layers. These findings provide important compensation design insights that will be crucial to further improve the performance of infrared organic photodiodes in the future.
Bidirectional Origami Inspiring Versatile 3D Metasurface
Authors: Zheng Ruixuan , Pan Ruhao , Sun Chi , Du Shuo , Jin Aizi , Li Chensheng , Geng Guangzhou , Gu Changzhi , Li Junjie
Published: May 2022

Micro/nano origami is a fascinating 3D fabrication technology, showing a strong ability to control structural space degrees of freedom, but which are usually only able to achieve single‐direction origami and hence its controlling spatial orientation is still limited to a certain extent. Here, the bidirectional origami induced by focused ion beam irradiation is proposed to break through the freedom of structural space control and realize challenging 3D micro/nanofabrication. It is found that the FIB‐induced bidirectional deformation mainly relies on both materials and the ion doses, and the deformation degrees can be tuned by ion irradiated doses, which greatly contributes to construct large numbers of diverse 3D structures. Further, the underlying physics of FIB induced origami are discussed by Monte Carlo simulations along with experiments to reveal that the amounts of atoms sputtering determines the initial direction of deformation. This bidirectional origami exhibits unique capabilities in design and fabrication of versatile 3D metasurface devices. With this strategy, a 3D chiral metasurface composed of an array of bidirectional folded split ring resonators is achieved, showing a giant circular dichorism as high as 0.78/0.85 (Experiment/Simulation) in the mid‐infrared region. Such powerful bidirectional origami paves high efficiency approach to broaden 3D micro/nano photonics device.
Access to 5‐Substituted 3‐Aminofuran/Thiophene‐2‐Carboxylates from Bifunctional Alkynenitriles
Authors: Kumari Chandresh , Goswami Avijit
Published: May 2022

An atom‐economical approach for the synthesis of 3‐aminofurans/thiophenes via a conjugate addition of alcohols and thiols with electron withdrawing groups (EWGs) at α positions on alkynenitriles followed by a modified Thorpe‐Ziegler cyclization have been reported. This operationally simple protocol offers a rapid access to a library of 3‐aminofurans/thiophenes in moderate to good yields.

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Catalyst‐Free Visible Light Mediated Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tertiary Arylphosphines
Authors: Bugaenko Dmitry I. , Karchava Alexander V.
Published: May 2022

Arylation of tertiary aryl and alkyl phosphines bearing 2‐cyanoethyl group with aryl(mesityl)iodonium triflates under blue light irradiation followed by retro‐Michael reaction of the in situ generated quaternary phosphonium salts initiated by DBU represent a novel efficient and general method for the preparation of distinctly substituted tertiary arylphosphines. An operationally simple, one‐pot protocol features mild, transition‐metal‐free conditions, high selectivity, broad functional group compatibility, as well as scalability and would be applied to substrates with different electronic and steric nature.

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The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics—A Review
Authors: Padmakumar Ananya , Koyande Navami Prabhakar , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: May 2022

Hitchhiking is a phenomenon of cruising on surfaces. Inspired by this process, biomimetic delivery systems leveraging the intrinsic ability of circulatory cells to target tumors exhibit considerable potential in cancer theranostics. Besides human circulatory cell‐mediated hitchhiking, bacteria‐driven hitchhiking strategies also manifest promise in cancer therapy. Such tactics are primarily built using nonpathogenic invasive bacteria with tumor homing capabilities. The chemotherapeutic cargos are hitchhiked onto the circulatory cells or bacterial spores for tumor‐targeted delivery. By integrating the benefits of such cells and therapeutic cargo, numerous efficient delivery systems that implement the notion of hitchhiking for cancer therapy are generated. Following an overview of several hitchhiking concepts, this article reviews various cellular and bacterial hitchhiking approaches for cancer treatment. Additionally, the challenges and prospects in the field of cancer theranostics related to hitchhiking are also discussed.
Analytical Review of Spiro‐OMeTAD Hole Transport Materials: Paths Toward Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Nakka Laxmi , Cheng Yuanhang , Aberle Armin Gerhard , Lin Fen
Published: May 2022

The hole transport material (HTM) of organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) plays a very important role for achieving high power conversion efficiency and long‐term stability. 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis[N,N‐di(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐9‐9’‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) is the first solid‐state HTM used in PVSCs and has gained tremendous attention during the last decade. Herein, the concept of spirolinkage for synthesis of spiro‐based HTMs is discussed, followed by an overview of the desirable optical and electrical properties of spiro‐OMeTAD. Recent progress in efficiency improvements of spiro‐based PVSCs is analyzed systematically, and the impacts of interface engineering, dopant‐free spiro‐OMeTAD, and novel spiro‐based HTMs are reviewed in detail. The hole mobility of spiro‐OMeTAD depends on the types of dopants and doping concentration. Commonly used lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine additives reduce the PVSC stability due to hygroscopicity and corrosiveness, respectively. The effects of additives on device stability and the techniques to improve the long‐term stability of spiro‐based PVSCs are also discussed. The review and analysis of various methods and strategies presented is useful for the perovskite research community, providing guidance and directions toward the further development of spiro‐based HTMs for PVSCs with improved efficiency and stability.
Optical genome mapping for structural variation analysis in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Smith Adam C. , Neveling Kornelia , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi
Published: May 2022

Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a technology that is rapidly being adopted in clinical genetics laboratories for its ability to detect structural variation (e.g., translocations, inversions, deletions, duplications, etc.) and replace several concurrent standard of care techniques (karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and chromosomal microarray). OGM can dramatically simplify lab workflow by reducing multiple tests (conventional karyotype, fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], and chromosomal microarray) into one test. The superior ability to detect structural variation across the genome removes the need for reflex FISH studies, which can dramatically reduce cost and turnaround time per sample. Parallel studies of OGM versus standard of care testing have demonstrated it can detect and resolve more abnormalities than karyotyping or FISH. However, like many molecular tests that normalize copy number it can have difficulty with non‐diploid karyotypes. This Test of the Month review will summarize how the technique works, review the strengths and weaknesses of OGM compared to standard of care techniques and illustrate how the technique is likely to change front line testing in many hematologic malignancies—including summarizing the clinical utility in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Multiple myeloma: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent
Published: May 2022

Disease Overview

Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy‐proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events (MDE): CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions) attributable to the plasma cell disorder, bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis ≥60%, serum involved/uninvolved free light chain (FLC) ratio ≥ 100 (provided involved FLC is ≥100 mg/L), or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging.

Risk Stratification

The presence of del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), gain 1q, or p53 mutation is considered high‐risk multiple myeloma. The presence of any two high risk factors is considered double‐hit myeloma, and three or more high risk factors is triple‐hit myeloma.

Risk‐Adapted Initial Therapy

In patients who are candidates for autologous stem cell transplantation, induction therapy consists of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRd) given for approximately 3–4 cycles followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In high‐risk patients, daratumumab, bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (Dara‐VRd) is an alternative to VRd. Selected standard‐risk patients can collect stem cells, get additional cycles of induction therapy, and delay transplant until first relapse. Patients who are not candidates for transplant are treated with VRd for approximately 8–12 cycles followed by maintenance or alternatively with daratumumab, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (DRd) until progression.

Maintenance Therapy

Standard‐risk patients need lenalidomide maintenance, while bortezomib plus lenalidomide maintenance is needed for high‐risk myeloma.

Management of Relapsed Disease

A triplet regimen is usually needed at relapse, with the choice of regimen varying with each successive relapse.