bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovery of kilogauss magnetic fields on the nearby white dwarfs WD 1105–340 and WD 2150+591
Authors: Landstreet J. D. , Bagnulo S.
Published: February 2019

Magnetic fields are present in roughly 10% of white dwarfs. These fields affect the structure and evolution of such stars, and may provide clues about their earlier evolution history. Particularly important for statistical studies is the collection of high-precision spectropolarimetric observations of (1) complete magnitude-limited samples and (2) complete volume-limited samples of white dwarfs. In the course of one of our surveys we have discovered previously unknown kG-level magnetic fields on two nearby white dwarfs, WD 1105–340 and WD 2150+591. Both stars are brighter than mV = 15. WD 2150+591 is within the 20 pc volume around the Sun, while WD 1105–340 is just beyond 25 pc in distance. These discoveries increase the small sample of such weak-field white dwarfs from 21 to 23 stars. Our data appear consistent with roughly dipolar field topology, but it also appears that the surface field structure may be more complex on the older star than on the younger one, a result similar to one found earlier in our study of the weak-field stars WD 2034+372 and WD 2359–434. This encourages further efforts to uncover a clear link between magnetic morphology and stellar evolution.
Detection and characterization of an ultra-dense sub-Neptunian planet orbiting the Sun-like star K2-292
Authors: Luque R. , Nowak G. , Pallé E. , Dai F. , Kaminski A. , Nagel E. , Hidalgo D. , Bauer F. , Lafarga M. , Livingston J. , Barragán O. , Hirano T. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Justesen A. B. , Hjorth M. , Van Eylen V. , Winn J. N. , Esposito M. , Morales J. C. , Albrecht S. , Alonso R. , Amado P. J. , Beck P. , Caballero J. A. , Cabrera J. , Cochran W. D. , Csizmadia Sz. , Deeg H. , Eigmüller Ph. , Endl M. , Erikson A. , Fukui A. , Grziwa S. , Guenther E. W. , Hatzes A. P. , Knudstrup E. , Korth J. , Lam K. W. F. , Lund M. N. , Mathur S. , Montañes-Rodríguez P. , Narita N. , Nespral D. , Niraula P. , Pätzold M. , Persson C. M. , Prieto-Arranz J. , Quirrenbach A. , Rauer H. , Redfield S. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Smith A. M. S.
Published: February 2019

We present the discovery and characterization of a new transiting planet from Campaign 17 of the Kepler extended mission K2. The planet K2-292 b is a warm sub-Neptune on a 17 day orbit around a bright (V = 9.9 mag) solar-like G3 V star with a mass and radius of M⋆ = 1.00 ± 0.03 M⊙ and R⋆ = 1.09 ± 0.03 R⊙, respectively. We modeled simultaneously the K2 photometry and CARMENES spectroscopic data and derived a radius of Rp=2.63−0.10+0.12 R⊕ and mass of Mp=24.5−4.4+4.4 M⊕, yielding a mean density of ρp=7.4−1.5+1.6 g cm−3, which makes it one of the densest sub-Neptunian planets known to date. We also detected a linear trend in the radial velocities of K2-292 (γ˙RV = −0.40−0.07+0.07 m s−1 d−1) that suggests a long-period companion with a minimum mass on the order of 33 M⊕. If confirmed, it would support a formation scenario of K2-292 b by migration caused by Kozai-Lidov oscillations.
Investigation of bubble dynamics in different solvents for nanomaterial fabrication by laser ablation in liquid
Authors: Shen Leyun , Shi Ying , Yang Zhen , Liu Kai , Wei Yi , Chen Jun
Published: February 2019

Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is one of the important technologies for preparing nanomaterials. In this article, Al nanoparticles (NPs) are fabricated by laser ablation in three different organic solvents. The thermodynamic properties within the bubble are studied using ultrafast camera and an analytical model based on Rayleigh–Plesset equation. Combined with the NPs characterization, the correlation between the bubble dynamics and the formation of NPs is discussed. The results show that complex physical and chemical reactions inside the bubble affect the bubble dynamics. At the same time, the bubble dynamics in turn affect the morphology and properties of the nanoproducts.
Defizite in der Gesundheitskompetenz stationär behandelter Patienten – eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Gundling Felix , Parasiris Paris , Bunz Anna-Lena , Sohn Maximilian , Haller Bernhard , Schepp Wolfgang , Mühling Tobias
Published: February 2019

Einleitung Systematische Untersuchungen zum objektiven Verständnis von Patienten bezüglich häufiger medizinischer Begriffe in Deutschland sind selten.

Methodik 196 Patienten (38 % weiblich, 62 % männlich) in stationären Fachabteilungen an einem kommunalen Krankenhaus wurden mittels eines zuvor entwickelten Fragebogens untersucht. Dieser enthielt 43 Fragen zu häufig im Alltag vorkommenden medizinischen Fachbegriffen. Untersucht wurden der subjektive und objektive Bekanntheitsgrad. Zusätzlich wurde eine Assoziation mit verschiedenen potenziellen Einflussfaktoren (u. a. Ausbildung, Versicherungsstatus, Konsum bestimmter Informationsmedien) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Durchgehend gaben mehr Patienten an, die Bedeutung medizinischer Begriffe zu kennen, als dies bei objektiver Überprüfung der Fall war. Die Assoziation des medizinischen Kenntnisstandes mit verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren ergab, dass Frauen häufiger über korrektes medizinisches Wissen verfügten als Männer (51,1 vs. 47,2 %, p = 0,12). Das Lebensalter war negativ mit dem medizinischen Kenntnisstand korreliert (p < 0,001). Die Länge der Schulbildung war mit einem besseren medizinischen Kenntnisstand assoziiert (p < 0,001). Privat versicherte Patienten waren besser medizinisch gebildet als gesetzlich Versicherte (p = 0,001). Männliche Patienten mit eher mentaler Arbeit hatten einen besseren Kenntnisstand als solche mit körperlicher Arbeit (51,1 vs. 41,8 %; p = 0,002). Zeitungs- und Fernsehkonsum sowie Anzahl der Arztkontakte waren nicht mit einer Verbesserung des medizinischen Kenntnisstandes vergesellschaftet.

Fazit Ein hoher Bekanntheitsgrad medizinischer Begriffe kann Ärzte im Anamnesegespräch dazu verleiten, das Verständnis dieser Begriffe auch von Seiten des Patienten stillschweigend vorauszusetzen. Ärzte sollten daher durch aktives Nachfragen das Verständnis beim Patienten sicherstellen. Zukünftige Erhebungen zur Gesundheitskompetenz auf Patientenseite sollten diese Divergenz zwischen subjektiver Einschätzung und objektivem Wissen berücksichtigen.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of syn Aldols with Methyl Ketone Functionality and anti Aldols with a Thioamide Group
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Ota Yuya , Li Zhao
Published: February 2019

Catalytic asymmetric syntheses of syn aldols with a methyl ketone functionality were studied to confirm the generality of the methodology. In addition, catalytic asymmetric synthesis of anti aldols with a thioamide group was carefully examined, giving the desired products, albeit with moderate diastereoselectivity.
A Flow Microreactor Approach to a Highly Efficient Diels–Alder Reaction with an Electrogenerated o-Quinone
Authors: Tanaka Kenta , Yoshizawa Hirona , Atobe Mahito
Published: February 2019

We have demonstrated a Diels–Alder reaction of an o-quinone generated in an electrochemical flow microreactor. In the flow microreactor system, 4-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone was easily electrogenerated from 4-tert-butylpyrocatechol in the absence of chemical oxidants and then rapidly used, without decomposing, in a subsequent Diels–Adler reaction with various fulvenes to give the desired products efficiently.
Photoinduced 1,2-Hydro(cyanomethylation) of Alkenes with a Cyanomethylphosphonium Ylide
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Moriyama Daisuke , Funakoshi Yuuta , Murakami Masahiro
Published: February 2019

An efficient method has been developed for the 1,2-hydro(cyanomethylation) of alkenes, in which a cyanomethyl radical species is generated from a cyanomethylphosphonium ylide by irradiation with visible light in the presence of an iridium complex, a thiol, and ascorbic acid. The cyanomethyl radical species then adds across the C=C double bond of an alkene to form an elongated alkyl radical species that accepts a hydrogen atom from the thiol to produce an elongated aliphatic nitrile. The ascorbic acid acts as the reductant to complete the catalytic cycle.
Empowering Patients during Hospitalization: Perspectives on Inpatient Portal Use
Authors: McAlearney Ann , Fareed Naleef , Gaughan Alice , MacEwan Sarah , Volney Jaclyn , Sieck Cynthia
Published: February 2019

Background Patients have demonstrated an eagerness to use portals to access their health information and connect with care providers. While outpatient portals have been extensively studied, there is a recognized need for research that examines inpatient portals.

Objective We conducted this study to improve our understanding about the role of a portal in the context of inpatient care. Our study focused on a large sample of the general adult inpatient population and obtained perspectives from both patients and care team members about inpatient portal use.

Methods We interviewed patients (n = 120) who used an inpatient portal during their hospitalization at 15 days or 6 months after discharge to learn about their portal use. We also interviewed care team members (n = 331) 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after inpatient portal implementation to collect information about their ongoing perspectives about patients' use of the portal.

Results The perspectives of patients and care team members generally converged on their views of the inpatient portal. Three features—(1) ordering meals, (2) looking up health information, and (3) viewing the care team—were most commonly used; the secure messaging feature was less commonly used and of some concern to care team members. The inpatient portal benefited patients in four main ways: (1) promoted independence, (2) reduced anxiety, (3) informed families, and (4) increased empowerment.

Conclusion Inpatient portals are recognized as a tool that can enhance the delivery of patient-centered care. In addition to empowering patients by increasing their sense of control, inpatient portals can support family members and caregivers throughout the hospital stay. Given the consistency of perspectives about portal use across patients and care team members, our findings suggest that inpatient portals may facilitate shifts in organizational culture that increase the patient centeredness of care and improve patient experience in the hospital context.
A Novel Treatment for Massive Hemorrhage after Maternal Trauma in Pregnancy
Authors: Gonzalez Maritza , Wei Ruth , Hatch Kenneth , Gries Lynn , Hill Meghan
Published: February 2019

Background Trauma in pregnancy can lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. Conventional treatments of hemorrhage include medical and surgical management. However, if these measures fail uterine compression is an option to control bleeding. We present a case where this management was employed.

Case A patient presented at 36 weeks of gestation with multiple injuries after a motor vehicle collision and experienced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The use of a Bakri balloon in combination with external compression with Coban, a sterile self-adherent bandage, after delivery temporized her bleeding and allowed her to become stable for further management.

Conclusion When other measures fail and a hysterectomy is considered unsafe, the combination of internal and external uterine compression is an option.
Memory effects in a random walk description of protein structure ensembles
Authors: Kneller Gerald R. , Hinsen Konrad
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we show that ensembles of well-structured and unstructured proteins can be distinguished by borrowing concepts from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. For this purpose, we represent proteins by two different polymer models and interpret the resulting polymer configurations as random walks of a diffusing particle in space. The first model is the trace of the Cα-atoms along the protein main chain, and the second is their projections onto the protein axis. The resulting trajectories are subsequently analyzed using the theory of the generalized Langevin equation. Velocities are replaced by displacements relating consecutive points on the discrete protein axes and equilibrium ensemble averages by averages over appropriate protein structure ensembles. The resulting displacement autocorrelation functions resemble those of the velocity autocorrelation functions of simple liquids and display a minimum, which can be related to the lengths of secondary structure elements. This minimum is clearly more pronounced for well-structured proteins than for unstructured ones, and the corresponding memory function displays a slower decay, indicating a stronger “folding memory.”
Measurement and modeling of hysteresis characteristics in ferromagnetic materials under DC magnetizations
Authors: Zhao Xiaojun , Liu Xiaona , Zhao Zhigang , Zou Xueliang , Xiao Yingqiang , Li Guanren
Published: February 2019

The static hysteresis characteristics of soft magnetic materials were measured by the static performance testing system (SPTS). With a toroidal-shape specimen and Epstein frame, the DC magnetizations of different forms of magnetic steel sheet and grain-oriented (GO) silicon steel sheet can be realized by setting a DC excitation. Besides, the corresponding first-order reversal curves (FORCs), higher-order reversal curves (HORCs) and concentric hysteresis loop are measured. Based on the measured FORCs, the parameter identification was carried out, and the Everett function was established. Thus the inverse Preisach model was obtained. The consistency between the simulated results and the measured ones verifies the validity of the measurement method and the accuracy of the numerical simulation method of magnetic hysteresis characteristics.
Electromagnetic enhancement effect on the atomically abrupt heterojunction of Si/InAs heterostructured nanowires
Authors: Pura J. L. , Magdaleno A. J. , Muñoz-Segovia D. , Glaser M. , Lugstein A. , Jiménez J.
Published: February 2019

Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) present a great number of unique optical properties associated with their reduced dimension and internal structure. NWs are suitable for the fabrication of defect free Si/III-V heterostructures, allowing the combination of the properties of both Si and III-V compounds. We present here a study of the electromagnetic (EM) resonances on the atomically abrupt heterojunction (HJ) of Si/InAs axially heterostructured NWs. We studied the electromagnetic response of Si/InAs heterojunctions sensed by means of micro-Raman spectroscopy. These measurements reveal a high enhancement of the Si Raman signal when the incident laser beam is focused right on the Si/InAs interface. The experimental Raman observations are compared to simulations of finite element methods for the interaction of the focused laser beam with the heterostructured NW. The simulations explain why the enhancement is detected on the Si signal when illuminating the HJ and also provide a physical framework to understand the interaction between the incident EM field and the heterostructured NW. The understanding of this process opens the possibility of controlling the light absorption/scattering on semiconductor NWs with the use of heterostructures while taking advantage of the properties of both Si and III-V semiconductors. This is important not only for current NW based photonic nanodevices, such as light sensors, but also for the design of new optoelectronic devices based on NWs.
In situ metrology for adaptive x-ray optics with an absolute distance measuring sensor array
Authors: Badami V. G. , Abruña E. , Huang L. , Idir M.
Published: February 2019

Adaptive x-ray mirrors are emerging as one of the primary solutions for meeting the performance needs of the next generation of x-ray light sources. Currently, these mirrors operate open loop with intermittent feedback from invasive sensors that measure the beam quality. This paper outlines a novel design for real-time in situ metrology of the shape of these mirrors using an array of interferometric sensors that does not interrupt the x-ray beam. We describe a proof-of-principle demonstration which shows sub-nm agreement over a range of mirror deflection magnitudes and shapes as compared to simultaneous measurements by using a large-aperture Fizeau interferometer.
Phase characteristic and information transmission of laser signals through plasma in shock tube
Authors: Zang Qing , Bai Xiangxing , Yang Yijian , Ma Ping , Huang Jie , Ma Jing , Yu Siyuan , Yang Qingbo , Shi Hongyan , Sun Xiudong , Liu Yang , Lu Yueguang
Published: February 2019

Laser communication is a promising way of achieving effective communication during reentry. This paper focuses on the phase characteristics and information transmission of laser signals in plasma sheaths. First, propagation of the laser signals through the sheaths is analyzed theoretically. Next, phase characteristics of the periodic laser signals are studied by ground simulation experiments in shock tube. Further, experiments of the pseudorandom amplitude and phase modulated signals are conducted. Finally, information transmission is tested. This paper is the basic research of laser transmission characteristics in plasma sheaths and has experimentally realized successful information transmission in the plasma generated by shock tube. The results could provide reference for the future ground and flight experiments.
Carbon monoxide adsorption at forsterite surfaces as models of interstellar dust grains: An unexpected bathochromic (red) shift of the CO stretching frequency
Authors: Zamirri Lorenzo , Pantaleone Stefano , Ugliengo Piero
Published: February 2019

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most abundant species in the interstellar medium (ISM). In the colder regions of the ISM, it can directly adsorb onto exposed Mg cations of forsterite (Fo, Mg2SiO4), one of the main constituents of the dust grains. Its energetic of adsorption can strongly influence the chemico-physical evolution of cold interstellar clouds; thus, a detailed description of this process is desirable. We recently simulated the CO adsorption on crystalline Fo surfaces by computer ab initio methods and, surprisingly, reported cases where the CO stretching frequency underwent a bathochromic (red) shift (i.e., it is lowered with respect to the CO gas phase frequency), usually not experimentally observed for CO adsorbed onto oxides with non-d cations, like the present case. Here, we elucidate in deep when and under which conditions this case may happen and concluded that this red shift may be related to peculiar surface sites occurring at the morphologically complex Fo surfaces. The reasons for the red shift are linked to both the quadrupolar nature of the CO molecule and the role of dispersion interactions with surfaces of complex morphology. The present work, albeit speculative, suggests that, at variance with CO adsorption on simple oxides like MgO, the CO spectrum may exhibit features at lower frequencies than the reference gas frequency when CO is adsorbed on complex oxides, even in the absence of transition metal ions.
Photophysical features and semiconducting properties of propeller-shaped oligo(styryl)benzenes
Authors: Moral Mónica , Domínguez Rocío , Fernández-Liencres M. Paz , Garzón-Ruiz Andrés , García-Martínez Joaquín C. , Navarro Amparo
Published: February 2019

Electronic, optical, and semiconducting properties of a series of propeller-shaped oligo(styryl)benzenes have been systematically investigated to monitor the effect of the number of styryl branches (three, four, and six) around a central benzene core. In order to clarify the relationships between their structures and properties, Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out at several levels of theory considering solvents with different polarity. Absorption and vibrational Raman spectroscopies showed that cruciform, four-branched derivatives present the most effective π-conjugation in agreement with the lowest calculated bond length alternation and bandgap. Deviations from the mirror image symmetry between absorption and fluorescence spectra were related to changes in the molecular conformation upon electronic excitation. Furthermore, in order to investigate the semiconducting behavior of oligo(styryl)benzenes, molecular structure changes and different electronic properties related to ionization processes were calculated and analyzed. Hole and electron reorganization energies were also computed to provide a first approximation on the n- or p-type character of these compounds. In some cases, electron reorganization energies comparable to common n-type semiconductors were found.
The band structure of CuInTe2 studied by optical reflectivity
Authors: Yakushev M. V. , Mudryi A. V. , Kärber E. , Edwards P. R. , Martin R. W.
Published: February 2019

CuInTe2 is a semiconductor with high potential for use as a thermoelectric material and as the absorber in thin film solar cells. Studying the optical reflectivity spectra of CuInTe2 single crystals resolves resonances at 1.054 eV and 1.072 eV, which are assigned to the A and B free excitons. Photoluminescence spectra exhibited a peak due to the A free exciton at 1.046 eV. Varshni coefficients were found for both excitons. Zero temperature bandgaps EgA = 1.060 eV and EgB = 1.078 eV were determined for the A and B valence sub-bands, respectively. The splitting due to crystal-field ΔCF and spin-orbit effects ΔSO were calculated as −26.3 meV and 610 meV, respectively, using the determined EgA and EgB and a literature value of EgC.
A method for reducing the adverse effects of stray-capacitance on capacitive sensor circuits
Authors: Gettings C. , Speake C. C.
Published: February 2019

We examine the increase in voltage noise in capacitive sensor circuits due to the stray-capacitance introduced by connecting cables. We have measured and modelled the voltage noise of various standard circuits, and we compare their performance against a benchmark without stray-capacitance that is optimised to have a high signal-to-noise ratio for our application. We show that a factor limiting sensitivity is the so-called noise gain, which is not easily avoided. In our application, the capacitive sensor is located in a metallic vessel and is therefore shielded to some extent from ambient noise at radio frequencies. It is therefore possible to compromise the shielding of the coaxial connecting cable by effectively electrically floating it. With a cable stray-capacitance of 1.8 nF and at a modulation frequency of 100 kHz, our circuit has an output voltage noise a factor of 3 larger than the benchmark.
Accurate characterization of complete set constants of single domain 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3 single crystal by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy using only one sample
Authors: Chen Chuanwen , Liu Shengxing , Tan Xing , Tang Liguo , Cao Wenwu
Published: February 2019

In order to find out the origin of the giant piezoelectric effects of relaxor-PbTiO3 single crystals when poled along nonpolar directions, it is necessary to obtain the complete physical property data of a single domain state. Conventional characterization methods using multiple samples of different geometries often produce inconsistent data set because the domain patterns produced during poling are strongly dependent on the sample geometry. Here, we used the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) technique to determine the material constants of a single domain 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.28PbTiO3 single crystal, which has a high mechanical quality factor (QM). Errors caused by sample-to-sample variation are avoided because all constants were measured from the same sample. The data set obtained is highly self-consistent, which provides a base for theoretical analysis as well as the input for simulation designs of piezoelectric devices. Comparison with data measured by other methods shows the advantage and higher accuracy of this characterization strategy.
Membrane penetration and trapping of an active particle
Authors: Daddi-Moussa-Ider Abdallah , Goh Segun , Liebchen Benno , Hoell Christian , Mathijssen Arnold J. T. M. , Guzmán-Lastra Francisca , Scholz Christian , Menzel Andreas M. , Löwen Hartmut
Published: February 2019

The interaction between nano- or micro-sized particles and cell membranes is of crucial importance in many biological and biomedical applications such as drug and gene delivery to cells and tissues. During their cellular uptake, the particles can pass through cell membranes via passive endocytosis or by active penetration to reach a target cellular compartment or organelle. In this manuscript, we develop a simple model to describe the interaction of a self-driven spherical particle (moving through an effective constant active force) with a minimal membrane system, allowing for both penetration and trapping. We numerically calculate the state diagram of this system, the membrane shape, and its dynamics. In this context, we show that the active particle may either get trapped near the membrane or penetrate through it, where the membrane can either be permanently destroyed or recover its initial shape by self-healing. Additionally, we systematically derive a continuum description allowing us to accurately predict most of our results analytically. This analytical theory helps in identifying the generic aspects of our model, suggesting that most of its ingredients should apply to a broad range of membranes, from simple model systems composed of magnetic microparticles to lipid bilayers. Our results might be useful to predict the mechanical properties of synthetic minimal membranes.
The role of surface energy anisotropy in the formation of a stepped relief of polycrystalline W under sputtering with Ar ions
Authors: Savchenko A. A. , Belyaeva A. I. , Galuza A. A. , Kolenov I. V.
Published: February 2019

This paper is devoted to the study of the effect of surface energy anisotropy on the tungsten surface relief modification under ion sputtering. In our experiments, the sputtering of textured polycrystalline tungsten with Ar ions resulted in a stepped surface relief formation. The surface after sputtering was analyzed using the electron backscatter diffraction and confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques. The formation of the stepped relief is explained by different surface energies of differently oriented grains (surface energy anisotropy). The surface energies of the three low-index W planes were calculated in the model of broken bonds. It is shown for the first time that the ratio of the sputtering depth of differently oriented grains of W is equal to the ratio of the differences of the surface energies of these grains. In that way, the ratio of the sputtering yields of differently oriented grains of tungsten can be quantified by knowing the surface energy, which depended on the reticular grain density and the number of broken bonds with nearest and next-nearest neighboring atoms on the surface using the broken bond model. It is shown that ion sputtering can be used as an instrument for studying the surface energy of solids.
Rational design of sulfur-containing composites for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Sun Jinhua , Ma Junpeng , Fan Jingbiao , Pyun Jeffrey , Geng Jianxin
Published: February 2019

Sulfur has received considerable attention as a cathode material for lithium—sulfur (Li—S) batteries due to its high theoretical energy density (2567 W h kg−1), high earth abundance, and environmental benignity. However, the insulating nature of sulfur and the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides result in serious technical issues, such as low utilization rate of sulfur, reduced columbic efficiency, and poor cycling stability, which compromise the high theoretical performance of Li—S batteries. In the past years, various attempts have been made to achieve high specific capacity and reliable cycling stability of Li—S batteries. Incorporation of sulfur into functional host materials has been demonstrated to be effective to improve the electrochemical performance of sulfur-based cathodes via enhancing the electron and Li ion conductivities, immobilizing sulfur/lithium polysulfides in cathodes, and accommodating the volume changes in sulfur-based cathodes. Therefore, the rational design of sulfur-containing composites needs to be emphasized as key strategies to develop high-performance cathodes for Li—S batteries. In this perspective, after reviewing the achievements obtained in the design of sulfur-containing composites as cathodes for Li—S batteries, we propose the new issues that should be overcome to facilitate the practical application of Li—S batteries.
Cubic perturbed centrifugally stabilized excited state in orthorhombic manganites
Authors: Dutta Joy , Adhikari Satrajit , Kovaleva N. N.
Published: February 2019

A model Hamiltonian for centrifugally stabilized electronic-vibrational motion of a cubic perturbed upper “Mexican hat” potential surface for a Mn3+ ion in an octahedral symmetry is formulated, and its eigenspectrum is explored. Theoretically calculated eigenvalues for cubic perturbed ground and excited electronic states are employed to interpret the origin of higher energy narrow side bands (satellite transitions) appearing in the dielectric function spectra of the LaMnO3 complex, which exhibit anomalous temperature dependence in the vicinity of the Néel temperature, TN ≃ 140 K [N. N. Kovaleva et al., J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 122, 890 (2016)].
Phase transformation in crystal and magnetic structure and improved dielectric and magnetic properties of Ho substituted BiFeO3multiferroics
Authors: Singh Jogender , Agarwal Ashish , Sanghi Sujata , Prakash Pulkit , Das A. , Prajapat C. L. , Rangi Manisha
Published: February 2019

The changes in crystal and magnetic structure of BiFeO3 produced by partial substitution of Bi ions by Ho ions has been studied with powder X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, dielectric and magnetization techniques. The present study demonstrates that Bi1-xHoxFeO3(x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, & 0.2) multiferroics shows change in crystal structure at x > 0.05. The sample with x = 0.05 exhibits rhombohedral structure (space group R3c), while the other three samples (x > 0.05) exhibit mixed phase with coexisting rhombohedral (R3c) and Orthorhombic (Pnma) structure. This change in the crystal structure is attributed to the distortion of FeO6 octahedra via substitution of Ho at phase boundaries. The magnetization studies indicate that doping of Ho in pristine BiFeO3 leads to enhancement in the ferromagnetic moment. We find that doping of Ho breaks the spin cycloid phase of BiFeO3 and creates a canted G-type antiferromagnetic structure in the hexagonal phase whereas the orthorhombic phase exhibits a collinear G-type AFM structure. The canting angle increases with increase in doping with Ho, leading to an enhancement in the ferromagnetic component in magnetization. Dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (tanδ) are measured in frequency range 1 kHz to 7 MHz and ε′ and tanδ show dispersion behaviour at low frequencies. The significant improvement in magnetization and dielectric properties is achieved by Ho substitution which in turn enhances the potential of BiFeO3 for multiferroics applications.
Analysis of electrical double layer structure in molten salts
Authors: Kłos Jacek , Lamperski Stanisław
Published: February 2019

This paper reports the results of analysis of the electrical double layer (EDL) phenomenon in molten salts to provide information on the influence of short range interaction type on the shape of charge distribution and the effect of the charge distribution shape on capacitance values. A new method of analysis is proposed, which allows a quantitative discussion. It is assumed that EDL can be modelled as a number of capacitor plates connected in series. This paper reports the application of the proposed method in quantitative analysis of the molten salt capacitance data obtained for different short range potentials. The data to be analysed were obtained from the Monte Carlo simulations of the symmetrical molten salt electrolyte for the following short range interaction potentials: hard spheres, Lennard-Jones repulsions, and full Lennard-Jones. The new analysis method gives a more detailed understanding of EDL in molten salts and can become an inspiration for new researches in this field.
Six-dimensional potential energy surface for NaK–NaK collisions: Gaussian process representation with correct asymptotic form
Authors: Christianen Arthur , Karman Tijs , Vargas-Hernández Rodrigo A. , Groenenboom Gerrit C. , Krems Roman V.
Published: February 2019

Constructing accurate global potential energy surfaces (PESs) describing chemically reactive molecule-molecule collisions of alkali metal dimers presents a major challenge. To be suitable for quantum scattering calculations, such PESs must represent accurately three- and four-body interactions, describe conical intersections, and have a proper asymptotic form at the long range. Here, we demonstrate that such global potentials can be obtained by Gaussian Process (GP) regression merged with the analytic asymptotic expansions at the long range. We propose an efficient sampling technique, which allows us to construct an accurate global PES accounting for different chemical arrangements with <2500 ab initio calculations. We apply this method to (NaK)2 and obtain the first global PES for a system of four alkali metal atoms. The resulting surface exhibits a complex landscape including a pair and a quartet of symmetrically equivalent local minima and a seam of conical intersections. The dissociation energy found from our ab initio calculations is 4534 cm−1. This result is reproduced by the GP models with an error of less than 3%. The GP models of the PES allow us to analyze the features of the global PES, representative of general alkali metal four-atom interactions. Understanding these interactions is of key importance in the field of ultracold chemistry.
Cut-off wavelength manipulation of pixel-level plasmonic microcavity for long wavelength infrared detection
Authors: Zhou Yuwei , Li Zhifeng , Zhou Xiaohao , Zhou Jing , Zheng Yuanliao , Li Liang , Li Ning , Chen Pingping , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei
Published: February 2019

The cut-off wavelength is one of the most important indicators for infrared detectors, and the manipulation of the cut-off wavelength is always an important demand in the application of long wavelength infrared detection. Traditional approaches to the cut-off wavelength extension would inevitably change the electronic states of the devices and lead to a large increase in the dark current, which usually causes performance degradations. Here, we demonstrate an optical method of the cut-off wavelength manipulation by plasmonic microcavities with the dark current being unchanged. We fabricate pixel-level devices with a single quantum well sandwiched in the microcavity and manipulate the cut-off wavelength from 14.3 to 16.3 μm while maintaining the peak responsivity higher than that of the standard 45° polished facet device. The experimental results are in good agreement with the numerical simulations, which indicates that the mechanism is mainly due to the properties of the dual mode manipulation in the plasmonic microcavities.
Electrodeposition of polymer electrolyte into carbon nanotube tissues for high performance flexible Li-ion microbatteries
Authors: Sugiawati Vinsensia Ade , Vacandio Florence , Ein-Eli Yair , Djenizian Thierry
Published: February 2019

Polymer-coated Carbon Nanotube (CNT) tissues are very flexible and lightweight and have high potential as an anode material for flexible Li-ion microbatteries. The electrochemical deposition of p-sulfonated poly(allyl phenyl ether) (SPAPE) polymer electrolyte into CNT tissues has been accomplished using a cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. When compared to a pristine CNT tissue, the capacity of SPAPE-coated CNT tissue after 10 cycles of CV is improved about 67% at 1C rate. The enhancement of electrochemical performance is obtained when the CNT tissues are coated with the SPAPE polymer electrolyte. The higher capacity of the SPAPE-coated CNT tissue is attributed to the increased surface area and the improved quality of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces between the nanotubes and the polymer electrolyte. The SPAPE-coated CNT tissue delivers a higher reversible capacity of 750 mAh g−1 (276 µAh cm−2) compared to a pristine CNT tissue, which solely provides a reversible capacity of 450 mAh g−1 (166 µAh cm−2) after 110 cycles at 1C rate. Remarkably, the SPAPE-coated CNT tissue reaches a high capacity up to 12C rate while observing that the capacity can be significantly recovered.
Photovoltaic effect in multi-domain ferroelectric perovskite oxides
Authors: Teh Ying Shi , Bhattacharya Kaushik
Published: February 2019

We propose a device model that elucidates the role of domain walls in the photovoltaic effect in multi-domain ferroelectric perovskites. The model accounts for the intricate interplay between ferroelectric polarization, space charges, photo-generation, and electronic transport. When applied to bismuth ferrite, results show a significant electric potential step across both 71° and 109° domain walls, which in turn contributes to the photovoltaic (PV) effect. We also find a strong correlation between polarization and oxygen octahedra tilts, which indicates the nontrivial role of the latter in the PV effect. The domain wall-based PV effect is further shown to be additive in nature, allowing for the possibility of generating the above-bandgap voltage.
Periodic amplification of radiative heat transfer
Authors: Ordonez-Miranda Jose , Joulain Karl , Ezzahri Younès , Drevillon Jérémie , Alvarado-Gil J. J.
Published: February 2019

We demonstrate that the direction and values of the radiative heat flux exchanged between a non-phase-change material and a phase-change one excited with a temperature difference modulated in time can efficiently be tuned by means of their common steady-state temperature. This heat-flux modulation occurs in both the far- and near-field regimes as a result of the strong temperature dependence of the emissivity and permittivity of the phase-change material, respectively. It is shown that the heat pumping into or out of the phase-change material can not only be amplified but also canceled out for temperatures around its critical temperature. This nullification of the radiative heat flux can be used as a mechanism to rectify heat currents and to insulate the two bodies from each other, even when their temporal temperature difference is different than zero. The obtained results thus open a new pathway for the heat-flux control of nonequilibrium radiating systems.
Reversibility, pattern formation, and edge transport in active chiral and passive disk mixtures
Authors: Reichhardt C. , Reichhardt C. J. O.
Published: February 2019

We numerically examine mixtures of circularly moving and passive disks as a function of density and active orbit radius. For low or intermediate densities and/or small orbit radii, the system can organize into a reversible partially phase separated labyrinth state in which there are no collisions between disks, with the degree of phase separation increasing as the orbit radius increases. As a function of orbit radius, we find a divergence in the number of cycles required to reach a collision-free steady state at a critical radius, while above this radius, the system remains in a fluctuating liquid state. For high densities, the system can organize into a fully phase separated state that is mostly reversible, but collisions at the boundaries between the phases lead to a net transport of disks along the boundary edges in a direction determined by the chirality of the active disk orbits. We map the dynamic phases as a function of density and orbit radii and discuss the results in terms of the reversible-irreversible transition found in other periodically driven non-thermal systems. We also consider mixtures of circularly driven disks and ac driven disks where the ac drive is either in or out of phase with the circular motion and find a rich variety of pattern forming and reentrant disordered phases.
How antagonistic salts cause nematic ordering and behave like diblock copolymers
Authors: Jung David , Rivas Nicolas , Harting Jens
Published: February 2019

We present simulation results and an explanatory theory on how antagonistic salts affect the spinodal decomposition of binary fluid mixtures. We find that spinodal decomposition is arrested and complex structures form only when electrostatic ion-ion interactions are small. In this case, the fluid and ion concentrations couple and the charge field can be approximated as a polynomial function of the relative fluid concentrations alone. When the solvation energy associated with transferring an ion from one fluid phase to the other is of the order of a few kBT, the coupled fluid and charge fields evolve according to the Ohta-Kawasaki free energy functional. This allows us to accurately predict structure sizes and reduce the parameter space to two dimensionless numbers. The lamellar structures induced by the presence of the antagonistic salt in our simulations exhibit a high degree of nematic ordering and the growth of ordered domains over time follows a power law. This power law carries a time exponent proportional to the salt concentration. We qualitatively reproduce and interpret neutron scattering data from previous experiments of similar systems. The dissolution of structures at high salt concentrations observed in these experiments agrees with our simulations, and we explain it as the result of a vanishing surface tension due to electrostatic contributions. We conclude by presenting 3D results showing the same morphologies as predicted by the Ohta-Kawasaki model as a function of volume fraction and suggesting that our findings from 2D systems remain valid in 3D.
Transformation pathway from alpha to omega and texture evolution in Zr via high-pressure torsion
Authors: Wang H. , Dmowski W. , Wang Z. , Qiang J. , Tsuchiya K. , Yokoyama Y. , Bei H. , Egami T.
Published: February 2019

Using high energy X-ray diffraction, we study the phase transition from α to ω in Zr via high-pressure torsion. We examine the evolution of the texture and establish the crystallographic orientation relationship between the α and ω phases. The orientation relationship supports the Silcock/Rabinkim direct transformation pathway and excludes the possibility of transition through the intermediate β phase, the Usikov/Zilbershtein pathway. The texture development in both α and ω phases of Zr during high-pressure torsion is quantified and explained in terms of the dominant slip system and the orientation relationship during martensitic transformation.
Sharing Knowledge
Authors: Cribb Julian , Sari Hartomo Tjempaka
Published: February 2019

Human knowledge is growing faster today than at any time in history - far outracing our ability to share it. The gap between those with access to knowledge and those without has implications for future global stability. At the national level, the effectiveness of knowledge sharing influences the rate at which countries grow and achieve sustainability.

Sharing Knowledge is a guide for scientific managers, researchers, communicators and policy makers on practical, low-cost ways to add value to science by assisting its adoption or commercialisation. It is also a valuable text for the teaching of public awareness of science and science communication at tertiary level.
Plant Cell Vacuoles
Authors: De Deepesh
Published: February 2019

This book is the only comprehensive work, at introductory level, on plant cell vacuoles.
Vacuoles are ubiquitous, multifaceted and indispensable organelles and yet they have been thinly treated in the literature to date. This is at odds with the amount of interest in vacuoles that has been expressed in the last two decades. This comprehensive work provides a solid foundation on vacuoles to an advanced level. The latest research findings have been included in all aspects of plant and yeast vacuoles.
The book synthesizes all the available information on the plant cell vacuole. It includes methodologies, occurrence and diversity, structure and biochemistry of tonoplasts and molecular biology of biogenesis and diverse functions, all presented in a concise way.
The tremendous surge in the genetic engineering of plants for commercial products requires a comprehension of the functions and possibilities of vacuole manipulation since most of the targets of improvement directly involve vacuoles. Thus the work will be valuable to students of plant sciences, plant breeding, cell biology and plant biotechnology, as well as advanced researchers who seek a better understanding of this vital organelle.
Australian Magpie
Authors: Kaplan Gisela
Published: February 2019

The warbling and carolling of the Australian magpie are familiar to many although few of us recognise that it ranks among the foremost songbirds of the world. Its impressive vocal abilities, its propensity to play and clown, and its willingness to interact with people, make the magpie one of our most well-known birds.
This insightful book presents a comprehensive account of the behaviour of one of Australia's best-loved icons. It reveals the extraordinary capabilities of the magpie, including its complex social behaviour, in a highly readable text. The author brings together much of what we know about the magpie’s biology and behaviour, including her latest research on magpie vocalisation as well as aspects of anatomy, physiology, development and health not published previously.
Australian Magpie is ideal reading for all those interested in Australian natural history, including amateur and professional ornithologists, and undergraduate students.
Freshwater Fishes of North-Eastern Australia
Authors: Pusey Brad , Kennard Mark , Arthington Angela
Published: February 2019

Freshwater Fishes of North-Eastern Australia provides details of the ecology, systematics, biogeography and management of 79 species of native fish present in the region. It includes detailed information on their identification, evolutionary history, breeding biology, feeding ecology, movement patterns, macro-, meso- and micro-habitat use, water quality tolerances, conservation status and current threats, as well as environmental flow and management needs.
Based on the results of extensive field surveys and a comprehensive review of existing literature, it is designed to assist environmental practitioners and managers to make informed decisions about future management strategies. It will also encourage a greater research effort into the region’s aquatic fauna by providing a comprehensive resource that enables other researchers to adopt a more quantitative and strategic framework for their research.
Joint winner of the 2005 Whitley Medal.
Vines for Wines
Authors: Kerridge George , Gackle Angela
Published: February 2019

Riesling, Chardonnay, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grapes can make magnificent wines but there are also many other excellent wine varieties that for many of us are rarely experienced. Vines for Wines will expand the wine lover’s knowledge and appreciation of a great range of wines and help to explore their individual preferences for specific varieties, blends, flavours and styles.
This book is based on the highly successful Wine Grape Varieties, which is an aid to identifying grape vines. Vines for Wines, however, focuses on wines from the average consumer’s point-of-view, introducing the different wine grape varieties and the wines made from them, including blends. Each variety is represented by a colour photograph of the grape variety, its current world plantings, wine produced and notes describing the varietal characters for each wine grape variety.
The tasting terms and wine notes for each variety provide a benchmark for the consumer to assess the quality of wines they drink, and to allow them to share and compare their experiences confidently with other wine lovers.