bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating of talus slopes in upper Jostedalen, southern Norway: Interpreting the age and development of diachronous surfaces
Authors: Matthews John A , Mourne Richard W.
Published: December 2024

Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) was used to evaluate the surface age, dynamics and evolution of eight talus (scree) slopes located between ~520 and ~1010 m a.s.l. in the upper Jostedalen area of southern Norway. Statistically significant differences in mean R-values were found between talus slopes but there was no consistent difference in R-values between three mid- to lower-slope positions, two operators, or first and second impacts from the same boulders. A new regional age-calibration equation yielded SHD ages ranging from 8425 ± 700 years to 2620 ± 740 years. SHD ages from talus slopes and other landforms with diachronous surfaces (such as alluvial fans, snow-avalanche fans, pronival ramparts and rock glaciers) represent the average exposure age of the surface boulders and provide insights into landform evolution. Here, our SHD ages are interpreted in terms of Early Holocene paraglacial rock-slope instability, Mid-Holocene permafrost degradation, low but possibly variable rates of rockfall activity in the Late-Holocene, and spatial variations affected by local site differences. Survival of rock particles with relatively old exposure ages towards the distal margins of the talus slopes is attributed to their slow development with low levels of modern activity. SHD ages from diachronous surfaces may considerably underestimate landform age (defined as the onset of landform formation). Greater application can be anticipated, however, in the inference of landform dynamics from the R-value distributions of diachronous surfaces and in the use of SHD age as an indicator of the extent of modern activity.
Holocene tephras in the New Guinea highlands: Explosive volcanism in the Bismarck arc produces chronostratigraphic markers for interdisciplinary study
Authors: Firth Chris , Blong Russell , Haberle Simon , Davies Hugh , Torombe Marisa , Coulter Sarah , Wagner Thomas , Lee Shirley , Singura Lloyd , Denham Tim
Published: December 2024

In the highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG), tephras are key chronostratigraphic markers for archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies. Here, mid-Late-Holocene tephras are geochemically fingerprinted and correlated across seventeen sites in PNG. This enables the first regional scale assessment of the distribution of these tephras, with implications for both assessing eruption magnitude and interpreting site stratigraphy. In the past, stratigraphic relationships have been key to much of the tephra identification done in PNG. Fingerprinting presented here shows that tephras may be either locally or regionally absent, as a result of poor preservation or regional distribution patterns, reinforcing the need for geochemical identification. Fingerprinting has also allowed tephras to be correlated with their source volcano. In a number of cases (e.g. Kuning and Mun tephras), this has enabled significant refinement of tephra ages, as source eruptions have been accurately dated using charcoal in proximal pyroclastic sequences. This has significant implications for regional archaeological and palaeoenvironmental studies. Of the six regionally widespread tephras emplaced over the last 4–5 ka in PNG, four are sourced from either Long Island or Karkar volcanoes in the western Bismarck Arc, while two are the result of eruptions from Dakataua and Witori volcanoes in New Britain. Discovery on the PNG mainland of tephras sourced from New Britain significantly increases the known distribution of products from these eruptions, suggesting current evaluations of eruption magnitude may be underestimates.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins in Colorectal Carcinomas with Histopathological Correlation in a Quaternary Care Centre in South India
Authors: George Dona Maria , Lakshminarayanan Mekala , Lakshmanan Archana
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:

Colorectal carcinomas are one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasms globally and are characterised by a range of genetic and epigenetic alterations, primarily chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability. This study aims to assess the expression of MMR proteins in patients with colorectal carcinoma and to examine the relationship between MMR status and various histopathological and clinical variables.

Material and Methods:

All biopsy and resection cases of colorectal carcinoma on which MMR was done by IHC were studied from December 2022 to November 2023. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of mismatch repair proteins were done for 153 colorectal carcinoma patients in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissues. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software (IBM, 28.0).

Results:

Out of 153 cases collected, 23 cases (15%) had a loss of MMR expression, and 130 cases (85%) had no loss of MMR protein. Combined loss of MLH1 and PMS2 was found in 16 cases (70%), combined loss of MSH2 and MSH6 was found in five cases (21%) and isolated loss of PMS2 was found in two cases (9%). Adenocarcinoma NOS, mucinous differentiation, medullary pattern, right-sided tumours, female gender and younger age group correlated with loss of MMR expression.

Conclusion:

Molecular study is the first approach for detecting MSI associated with CRC, IHC is a very good alternative to identify microsatellite instability. IHC methods can be used as a reliable tool in the workup for MSI as IHC markers (antibodies to the MMR proteins) are now easily accessible in most laboratories.
The status of acetabulum in bipolar HIP replacements in orthopaedics oncology cases
Authors: Ajit Singh Vivek , Ying Jing Ooi , Santharalinggam Rupini Devi , Yasin Nor Faissal
Published: December 2024

Background: Bipolar hip endoprosthesis replacement is a commonly employed procedure in orthopaedic oncology that requires the resection and reconstruction of the proximal femur. With improving survival rates, issues of implant durability and acetabular wear have become increasingly important. The decision to replace the acetabulum in bipolar hip endoprosthesis replacement procedures remains a topic of debate. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of secondary osteoarthritis following bipolar hip replacement, the need for revision to total joint replacement post-procedure, the functional status of patients in relation to radiological findings of joint degeneration, and the survivorship of bipolar hip replacements. Methods: Patients with orthopaedic oncology cases who underwent bipolar hip endoprosthesis replacement between 2006 and October 2021, with a minimum follow-up of six months, were included. Both clinical and radiological evaluations were carried out. The clinical evaluation utilised the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS), Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) systems. The radiological assessment focused on identifying acetabular erosion. Results: Forty eligible patients were identified. Radiological assessments revealed 21 patients (52.5%) with grade 0, 17 patients (42.5%) with grade 1, and 2 patients (5.0%) with grade 2 acetabular erosion. No patients exhibited grade 3 acetabular erosion. One patient (2.5%) required revision surgery from proximal femoral bipolar replacement to total hip replacement due to recurrent postoperative hip dislocation. There was no statistically significant difference in MSTS and mHHS scores but a significant difference in TESS scores. The ten-year implant survival rate was 77.8%, while the overall patient survivorship at ten years was 72.1%. Conclusion: Bipolar hip replacement is a durable limb-preserving reconstruction that can outlast patients’ lifespans and is well-tolerated by oncology patients. The incidence of acetabular erosion and revision surgery is low. Despite radiological evidence of hip degeneration, functional status in patients is not significantly impacted.
Energy and inflation crises in Romania and Slovenia: different institutions, similar responses
Authors: Guardiancich Igor , Trif Aurora
Published: December 2024

The 2021–2022 inflation crisis in the EU offers an opportunity to examine how diverse industrial relations systems respond to similar macroeconomic shocks. This article compares Romania and Slovenia, two post-communist countries whose industrial relations systems are poles apart. The expectation was that, in contrast to the enfeebled Romanian system, Slovenia would not only resort to social dialogue but also adopt comprehensive measures to shield workers from the dual energy- and food-related shock. Yet, there was less divergence than anticipated. In particular, while unilateralism took place in Romania because of the weakness of its unions post-2011, the interruption of tripartite negotiations in Slovenia was the result of the social partners’ actions and not a deliberate government strategy. Hence, while confirming that governments play the main role in supporting social dialogue, this article suggests that the social partners also carefully ponder the costs and benefits of their involvement in tripartite policy-making.
Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Hilliard LaSheba W. , Barnes Keishana L. , Hunter William C.
Published: December 2024

This article examines the importance of integrating culturally responsive teaching practices in classrooms for students who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). It highlights strategies supported by empirical research that amplify student voices through dialogue circles and flexible grouping. Acknowledging the strengths and needs of these students, the inclusive, student-centered approach aims to enhance academic and social success, supporting a sense of belonging and empowerment essential for the growth and well-being of CLD students with EBD.
Facility and Regional Variations in Admission and Discharge Patterns Within Step-Up Intermediate Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Municipal Inpatient Acute Care Services in Norway
Authors: Yang Fan , Burrell Lisa Victoria , Raknes Sogstad Maren Kristine , Skinner Marianne Sundlisæter
Published: December 2024

Background:

Norwegian Municipal Inpatient Acute Care (MIPAC) services were established as part of the 2012 Coordination Reform. The intention was to prevent unnecessary hospital admissions by redirecting and maintaining less urgent patients at the primary care level, which provides inpatient acute healthcare services closer to patients’ home. However, the role MIPAC plays in the patient trajectory and how trajectories vary across different units and settings is less clear.

Objective:

Therefore, this study aimed to (1) describe the general patient transfer trajectories for MIPAC patients and (2) examine facility and regional variations in MIPAC patients’ sources of admission and discharge destinations.

Design:

A cross-sectional study using aggregated register data.

Methods:

The study involved 36 662 admissions across 185 MIPAC units in 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient transfer trajectories, and a random-effects multinomial logistic model was applied to assess the association between facility and regional factors and patients’ admission sources and discharge destinations.

Results:

The findings revealed distinct admission and discharge patterns based on facility and regional factors. Notably, intermunicipal units with 5 and more municipalities collaborating had higher relative risk ratios (RRR) for discharging to hospital (RRR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.30-1.72) compared with independent MIPAC units. Large MIPAC units with more than 5 beds had increased relative risk ratios of patients admitted from the hospital than from home (RRR = 4.29, 95%CI: 1.56-11.78). Additionally, regional disparities existed, with units in the Central (RRR = 2.29, 95%CI: 1.56-3.38) and Western Norway health authorities (RRR:1.58, 95%CI: 1.22-2.06) displaying higher nursing home discharge rates than units in the South-Eastern Norway health authority.

Conclusions and implications:

This study confirms the Norwegian MIPAC services’ adherence to admission avoidance policies and identifies significant variations in service delivery across regions and facilities. The Norwegian MIPAC model also has potential to inspire other countries in developing admission avoidance services in the primary care setting.
Numerical study on the vehicle exhaust dispersion in a curved tunnel: Effects of the tunnel radius and tilt angle of jet fan
Authors: Song Yuqing , Sun Mengru , Yang Jianzhi , Tao Changfa
Published: December 2024

In the present work, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to study the dispersion behaviours of vehicle exhaust, including the CO and PM in a curved tunnel with a consideration of the coupling effects of tunnel radius and tilt angle of jet fan. The simulation results showed the variations in the high-speed jet area in the tunnel under different tunnel radii and tilt angles of jet fan. For the pollutant diffusion, concentrations of CO and PM were shown to be inversely proportional to the tilt angle of jet fan and tunnel radius. In the vertical direction, the PM concentration was not always decreased with the increase in the altitude, which is different from distribution of CO concentration. In the horizontal direction, CO was mainly distributed at 20 – 60 m downstream from the fan, while PM accumulation covered the entire downstream of the tunnel. A close relationship between the distribution of pollutant concentration and vortex structures was found. The present work could contribute to knowledge for reducing the energy consumption of jet fans and the pollutant concentration in the curved tunnel and would provide significant guidance for the future design of curved road tunnels.
Climate race or collaboration? Effects of strategy framing on trust in government, nationalist sentiments, and climate action intention in international politics
Authors: Liu Shujun , Kuang Kai
Published: December 2024

Climate change is often used as a bargaining chip for global powers to achieve political goals. Strategy framing, particularly within international political contexts, can serve as a lens to unpack the relationship between countries’ substantial climate policy and underlying political appeals in news coverage. A survey experiment ( n = 331) was conducted to investigate the effects of strategy framing in international politics on trust in government, nationalist sentiments, and climate action intentions against the backdrop of China-U.S. climate relationship. Results showed that perceived strategy framing had a direct, positive association and an indirect, negative association with trust in government through anxiety. Additionally, in comparison to issue framing, exposure to strategy framing incited heightened nationalist sentiments, which in turn promoted public engagement in climate-related activities. Moreover, internal and international political efficacy moderated the effects of strategy framing perceptions on outcomes. Findings offer insights for possible cognitive, emotional, and ideological mechanisms of strategy framing’s effects in international politics.
Computational design techniques for generating specific Girih patterns: A particular focus on algorithmic design and graph theory
Authors: Razzaghmanesh Delara , Gürer Ethem
Published: December 2024

Girih patterns, prominent in Islamic art and architecture, exhibit complexity and adherence to specific mathematical rules. Understanding and preserving these patterns requires knowledge of their design processes and underlying rules which require transferable knowledge of computation. This paper aims to generate three prominent Girih patterns in Islamic architecture, namely ‘ Hasht-Chahar-Lengeh’, ‘ Hasht-Panj’, and ‘ Hasht-Bazoubandi’, gaining insights from graph theory definitions and algorithmic design within the Grasshopper program. Employing the graph theory, it pioneers a novel approach to pattern generation. The approach facilitates the faithful reproduction of existing patterns and enables the generation of entirely new designs with a comprehensive comparison of both computational methodologies.
Medical emergencies in hospital: The role of treatment escalation plans in out-of-hours decision-making
Authors: Gan Tze Yi , Harris Roy , Taylor D Robin
Published: December 2024

Background:

Out-of-hours medical emergencies are common in acute hospitals, and are often attended by staff who are unfamiliar with the patient’s clinical background. Information in the hospital notes may or may not include guidance about how best to deal with clinical deterioration. The use of Treatment Escalation Plans (TEPs) attempts to address these deficiencies.

Methods:

This was an observational, questionnaire-based evaluation of the experience of trainee hospital doctors who attended out-of-hours medical emergencies.

Results:

Sixty-five medical emergencies were evaluated by a total of 38 doctors. Thirty patients had a TEP, attended by 20 doctors, and 35 without a TEP were attended by 27 doctors. Information from medical notes to facilitate decision-making was deemed sufficient by the attending doctor in 77% of patients with a TEP, compared to 54% of patients with no TEP. Only 10% of patients with a TEP had their treatment escalated at the time of the call, whereas this occurred in 20% of patients without a TEP (NS). A TEP was deemed ‘somewhat’ or ‘very’ helpful by trainees in 21/30 of the cases who had one. In 27/35 cases who did not have a TEP, trainees deemed that it would have been helpful to have had one. Twelve of 38 participants (32%) considered that there was a discrepancy between what was ‘expected’ and what they considered to be ‘right’ when managing out-of-hours emergencies.

Conclusion:

TEPs have an important role in delivering key information that shapes out-of-hours decision-making in deteriorating patients. Both objective outcomes and the subjective quality of medical decision-making are enhanced when a TEP is available.
Mitigative Strategies for Recovering From Large Language Model Trust Violations
Authors: Martell Max J. , Baweja Jessica A. , Dreslin Brandon D.
Published: December 2024

In this study, we investigated strategies to address trust issues arising from errors in large language models (LLMs). The study examined the impact of confidence scores, system capability explanations, and user feedback on trust restoration post-error. 68 participants viewed the responses of an LLM to 20 general trivia questions, with an error introduced on the third trial. Each participant was presented with one mitigation strategy. Participants rated their overall trust in the model and the reliability of the answer. Results showed an immediate drop in trust after the error; however, there were no differences across the three strategies in trust recovery. All conditions had a logarithmic trend in trust recovery following error. Differences in overall trust were predicted by perceived reliability of the answer, suggesting that participants were evaluating results critically and using that to inform their trust in the model. Qualitative data supported this finding; participants expressed lasting distrust despite the LLM’s later accuracy. Results showcase the need to prioritize accuracy in LLM deployment, because early errors may irrevocably damage user trust calibration and later adoption.
The Role of Freehand Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Under Local Anesthesia Without Antibiotics in Outpatient Settings
Authors: Tang Gonglin , Yang Rui , Sun Jianing , Zhang Feng , Wu Jitao , Zhao Hongwei
Published: December 2024

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the application of freehand transperineal prostate biopsy (FTPB) under local anesthesia (LA) versus systematic transperineal prostate biopsy (STPB) in an outpatient setting without antibiotics. A total of 218 biopsy-naive patients with suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) were retrospectively analyzed. Suspicious areas on mpMRI were graded using the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1). FTPB was performed for each suspicious lesion, followed by a 12-core STPB under LA. Histopathological outcomes, complications, and tolerability were recorded. The results showed that PCa was detected in 129 (59.17%) patients, with 104 (47.71%) being clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). There was agreement between FTPB and STPB in 94 (72.88%) patients. FTPB diagnosed fewer PCa cases but more csPCa cases than STPB. LA-FTPB was well-tolerated with no severe complications. The conclusions suggest that FTPB under LA in an outpatient setting without antibiotics is safe, feasible, and efficient.
Barriers and facilitators to implementing transition services for students with intellectual disabilities in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A systematic review
Authors: Alfawzan Sarah , Almulhim Norah
Published: December 2024

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, a deficiency exists in comprehensive assessments of transitional programs and services tailored for students with intellectual disabilities. The present research is a systematic review to discuss the barriers to planning and implementing transitional services for students with intellectual disabilities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and possible facilitators. Consequently, a thorough systematic review and exploration were conducted across ERIC - ProQuest, Education Journals - ProQuest, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The findings spotlighted various barriers from the perspective of stakeholders, categorising them as educational, familial, societal, and functional barriers. Among these, educational obstacles emerged as the most significant challenges impeding the employment prospects of students with intellectual disabilities. The results further disclosed several suggested facilitators to address these challenges, encompassing educational interventions and collaborative practices. This study furnishes decision-makers in the Kingdom, along with professionals in the realm of special education and parents, with valuable insights into the prevailing challenges illuminated by recent studies in the field, as well as the most prominent proposed solutions.
Work as a social determinant of maternal health: A qualitative exploration of college-educated Black women’s experiences at work during pregnancy and postpartum
Authors: Omowale Serwaa S , Mangum Laurenia C , Joseph-McCatty Andrea , Cottrell-Daniels Cherell , Farris Kaiya A , King Rashon , Slatton Brittany C
Published: December 2024

Background:

Black women are disproportionately impacted by higher rates of maternal mortality in the United States (US). Limited research has focused on adverse maternal health outcomes among college-educated Black women, although research has found these outcomes persistent among this population.

Objectives:

This study aimed to fill a critical gap in current research by elucidating the nuanced experiences of college-educated Black women in the workplace during pregnancy and postpartum. By exploring this under-researched area, our study contributes to the academic discourse on Black maternal health disparities within the scope of occupational health. It offers practical insights for enhancing workplace gender equity, informing healthcare practices, and shaping policies that support equitable maternal health outcomes among Black women.

Design:

This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 Black mothers between March 2019 and September 2019.

Methods:

Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted with college-educated Black women in the US from March 2019 to September 2019. Participants were asked several questions about work stress, discrimination, and other workplace experiences during pregnancy and postpartum.

Results:

Our analysis identified three themes, including Strong Black Woman/Superwoman, work stress (sub-themes: consciousness of work stress, mental and physical responses to stress, and work–family conflict), and perceived work-related discrimination.

Conclusion:

For college-educated Black women experiencing pregnancy and postpartum, it is crucial to understand the structural and social determinants of optimal occupational health. It is critical that workplaces enact occupational health equity with attention to racial, gender, and disability-centered considerations to address the unique challenges experienced by Black women.
Outputs from the Healthy Communities programme
Authors: Stansfield J , South J
Published: December 2024

This paper brings together all the PHE outputs from a 10 year collaboration on Healthy Communities. This will help to retain the knowledge during organisational and government change.
“Your house won’t be yours anymore!” Effects of Misinformation, News Use, and Media Trust on Chile’s Constitutional Referendum
Authors: Saldaña Magdalena , Orchard Ximena , Rivera Sebastian , Bustamante-Pavez Guillermo
Published: December 2024

News consumption and voting behavior are interlinked and particularly important in elections where traditional political cleavages are not easily applicable. This relationship becomes more complex and uncertain in contexts of low trust in the news media and high levels of misinformation circulating in different news ecosystems. In this study, we test an indirect path between differentiated news media consumption and voting choices, mediated by belief in misinformation, and moderated by news media trust. Our data come from a two-wave panel survey of 1,332 respondents, conducted in Chile before and after the 2022 Constitutional Referendum, a political event that captured international attention after a constitutional proposal was rejected in a process initiated with high public support. Our analyses found that news media consumption significantly affected voting preferences in the referendum, not only indirectly through the acceptance of misinformation, but also directly, suggesting that news organizations might act, intentionally or not, as soundboards of misinformation. These findings suggest that countries with enough press freedom to rely on the news media to be informed but also a high concentration of ownership, topics, and angles covered, might become fertile soil for misinformation to spread in the form of professional news coverage, instead of fabricated, easy-to-spot fake pieces circulating in dubious websites or on social media.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping of the fear circuit: Associations with silent symptoms in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Khormi Ibrahim , Fazlollahi Amir , Al-iedani Oun , Vidyasagar Rishma , Ayton Scott , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Paton Bryan , Ramadan Saadallah , Lechner-Scott Jeannette
Published: December 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term autoimmune inflammatory disorder that affects the central nervous system leading to neurodegeneration, and can involve a variety of symptoms. These symptoms can include fatigue, anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline, which may be silent. The objective of this study was to explore changes in brain iron deposition in people with relapsing-remitting MS (pw-RRMS) compared to healthy controls (HCs), with a particular focus on regions of fear circuit. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate relationship between iron deposition in these areas and clinical measurements. Methods: Pw-RRMS and HCs participants underwent brain MRI scans using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to assess iron deposition in the fear circuit between the two groups. The study analyzed correlations between brain susceptibility changes and clinical measurements. Results: We recruited 35 pw-RRMS (mean age = 46.7 ± 11 years; median EDSS = 2.5) and 18 HCs (mean age = 40.6 ± 17.8 years). Our research revealed significant increases in QSM signals relating to iron deposition in pw-RRMS compared to HCs, whole fear circuit (β = 5.82, p < 0.001), caudate (β = 21.48, p < 0.001), and putamen (β = 17.53, p = 0.03), showing the greatest difference. The whole fear circuit and particularly the caudate are strongly associated with fatigue in pw-RRMS. QSM values in the anterior cingulate cortex significantly differed between pw-RRMS with normal and abnormal depression scores ( p = 0.007). Conclusions: These results strengthen the relationship between increased iron deposition in fear circuit regions and specific silent symptoms in pw-RRMS. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings and clarify the implications of iron accumulation in MS pathophysiology.
Hack, heist, and havoc: The Lazarus Group’s triple threat to global cybersecurity
Authors: Perdana Arif , Aminanto Muhamad Erza , Anggorojati Bayu
Published: December 2024

The Lazarus Group, a North Korean state-sponsored cyber threat actor, has become a significant player in cybersecurity. This case study examines the group’s cyber operations through a structured analysis of their techniques and tactics, which include social engineering, malware injection, disruption, evasion, and espionage. By progressing through these stages, the Lazarus Group combines human factor exploitation with technical prowess to execute high-impact campaigns, such as hacking, theft, and widespread disruption. This case classifies these campaigns into espionage, financial heists, and destructive operations, advancing North Korea’s strategic interests while exposing critical vulnerabilities in global cybersecurity. The analysis reveals how the interplay between human and organisational weaknesses, alongside systemic technical vulnerabilities, enables these large-scale cybercrimes. Key lessons are drawn from these operations, emphasising the necessity of addressing human and technical factors in cybersecurity frameworks. Furthermore, the case highlights the broader societal effects of cyberattacks, especially on critical infrastructure, and underscores the global impact of cybercrime. To counter such sophisticated threats, this study stresses the importance of international cooperation, cybersecurity awareness, and a comprehensive approach that addresses human and technical vulnerabilities.
Thirty years of the Internet in China: On writing Chinese Internet histories
Authors: Yang Guobin , Gu Jingyi , Lv Junyi
Published: December 2024

This article introduces the special issue on “Thirty Years of the Internet in China.” The goal is to highlight insights and lessons which are particularly relevant to the burgeoning field of the study and writing of Chinese Internet histories. Through a careful review of the 24 articles in this special issue, we identify five clusters of analytical issues. They are (1) periodization and panoramic views, (2) texture and scale, (3) the digital everyday, (4) unsettling and recentering scholarship, and (5) methodologies and archives. The 24 essays in this special issue are discussed under these five thematic clusters.
The Contemporary Career Theory as a Lens for Understanding the Internationalization of Business Schools Students
Authors: Romani-Dias Marcello , Walchhutter Seimor , da Silva Caio Sousa , Rigato Vasconcellos Luis Henrique
Published: December 2024

This article starts from gaps found in the literature on international students. The literature points out that we need studies on the subject that: bring different student profiles to explain their internationalization; explain, beyond mere description, the factors that motivate students to internationalize their studies and careers; and that they are conducted based on a guiding theory. In order to identify the main motivators of students for the internationalization of their careers, and to bring a theoretical view pointed out by the international education literature as necessary, we conducted a qualitative research by triangulating information from the literature on student internationalization, from the precepts of contemporary career theory, and interviews with students from an internationally accredited business school, to argue that the internationalization of these students is strongly stimulated by the peculiarities of the contemporary career they want for their lives. We used the content analysis technique as the main method of data analysis, with the support of the systematic coding technique to define our categories of analysis. Through this methodological design, we identified three main precepts of the theory that help explain student internationalization: (i) desire to expand their networks and broaden their cultural knowledge; (ii) search for greater autonomy of decision and professional alternatives; (iii) development of their soft skills and ability to solve complex problems. With these results we make contributions to the research topic, for students and for business schools.
A Cadaver Study: The Relationship of Vital Organs of the Thoracolumbar Junction During a far Lateral Approach Using a T-12 Corpectomy Model
Authors: Lewik Gerrit , Pierre Clifford , Hicks James W. , Rao Gautam K. , Patel Neel T. , Anderson Bryan G. , Davis Donald D , Chapman Jens R. , Oskouian Rod J.
Published: December 2024

Study Design

Human cadaver study.

Objectives

To provide a qualitative and quantitative evaluation by demonstrating measurements of the proximity of vital structures involved and assessed injuries during a T12-corpectomy and cage implantation via a far lateral approach.

Material and Methods

Six fresh-frozen adult cadaveric specimens were dissected according to standardized protocol. A formal left-sided far lateral T12-corpectomy was carried out by trained experienced spine fellows. Upon completion of the procedure, a cage was placed between T11 and L1. We then turned the patient supine and performed a formal celiotomy and sternotomy to allow for an open anterior central inspection of all structures concerned. Vital structures as in vessels, diaphragm, pleural membranes, neural elements, important foramina of the diaphragm (Bochdalek, Morgagni) and the thoracic duct were identified. Any injuries to these structures were recorded and proximity to key relevant structures to this exposure were measured.

Results

We were able to quantify the actual diaphragm excursions and describe its origins to the spine. There was no actual diaphragm injury in any of the cadavers and there were no injuries to the neurovascular structures. We found expected parietal but no visceral pleural injuries.

Conclusion

Our cadaver study identified the feasibility of performing a T12-corpectomy through a far lateral approach with no violation of the actual diaphragm and expected limited injuries to the parietal pleura only.
30- and 90-Day Readmission Rates Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Hesari Marjan , Alizadeh Seyed Danial , Malekzadeh Hamid , Tabrizi Reza , Jalalifar Mohammad-Rasoul , Shahmohammadi Alireza , Eskandari Zahra , Ghodsi Zahra , Harrop James , Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
Published: December 2024

Study Design

Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

Objective

To assess the 30- and 90-day readmission rates after a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed. The period was from inception to June 2022, with no language restrictions. All studies investigating the 30- and/or 90-day readmission rate following traumatic SCI were included. A random-effects model to combine effect sizes in our meta-analysis was applied.

Results

Seven out of 2959 reports met eligibility. The mean age of the patients was 50.2 ± 19.9, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. The most common traumatic SCI was cervical injury (55.3%). The meta-analysis model revealed a 30-day readmission rate of 14.2% after traumatic SCI, with heterogeneity in the studies. The 90-day readmission rate was 35.7%, with homogeneity in the studies. The meta-regression analysis found significant positive associations between cervical and thoracolumbar injuries and patient age and the 30-day readmission rate, while male sex demonstrated a negative association with the 30-day readmission rate. The 30-day readmission rate following index admission was 13.1% and the 30-day readmission rate after rehabilitation facilities was 15.8%. The study found that the 30-day readmission rate in the USA was 14.0%.

Conclusions

There is no doubt that readmission is an adverse health outcome. The outcome is also complex and multifaceted, which makes it difficult to predict. Injury level is 1 of the predictors that affect readmission, making it essential to consider factors during discharge planning for high-risk people to reduce 30-day readmission rates.
A Rare Case of Solitary Endobronchial Plasmacytoma Presented With Complete Airway Obstruction: A Case Report
Authors: Banat Mohamad , Abukhalaf Anas , Faqiat Lilian , Takroori Razan , Abu Asbeh Yousef
Published: December 2024

This case report presents a rare instance of solitary endobronchial plasmacytoma in a 58-year-old male, who had progressively worsening shortness of breath and a productive cough. The patient, who had a smoking history, was found to have a large, hypervascular mass completely obstructing the right main bronchus, confirmed as a plasma cell tumor via endoscopic biopsy. Further diagnostic imaging, including positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and chest CT, revealed a mass measuring 1.7 cm with abnormal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake. The bone marrow biopsy ruled out multiple myeloma. The patient underwent challenging endoscopic debulking of the tumor, although margins were not well defined due to its size. Post-operatively, the patient showed significant symptomatic improvement and was discharged home on post-operative day 4. Two months after the procedure, follow-up with a chest CT scan and bronchoscopy showed no evidence of residual tumor or local recurrence, and the patient reported significant respiratory improvement. The literature review revealed that extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is uncommon and often occurs in the upper aerodigestive tract. The diagnostic workup generally involves histopathological analysis, bronchoscopy, and imaging studies. Treatment is tailored to the patient’s condition and the characteristics of the tumor. This case underscores the need for a high index of suspicion and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation of patients presenting with obstructive bronchial mass. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of considering endobronchial plasmacytoma in the differential diagnosis of obstructive bronchial masses and the value of early intervention in achieving favorable outcomes. Regular follow-up is crucial to monitor recurrence and ensure ongoing patient well-being.
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Han Joo Hyung , Jung Min , Chung Kwangho , Jung Se-Han , Choi Chong-Hyuk , Kim Sung-Hwan
Published: December 2024

Background:

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant global burden, with conventional treatments like corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections commonly used. Emerging injectable biologics, including bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), show promise in OA management.

Purpose:

To investigate the clinical efficacy of BMAC injection compared with other injection treatments for knee OA.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials with Level 1 evidence that compared the clinical efficacy of BMAC with other injections. The visual analog scale for pain and the Pain subscale of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used as clinical scores representing pain. For functional assessment, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and the International Knee Documentation Committee subjective form were used. For studies comparing BMAC with HA, each clinical score was standardized to pain and function scales based on the minimal clinically important difference (MCID).

Results:

Eight studies, consisting of a total of 937 patients, were included. Patients treated with BMAC showed a significant improvement in clinical scores compared with baseline, starting at 1 month postinjection. For pain scores at 6-month ( P = .033) and 12-month follow-up ( P = .011), BMAC demonstrated favorable results over HA, with a statistically significant difference. However, these differences did not exceed the MCID. When BMAC was compared with other injections, no significant differences were observed in the degree of clinical score improvement. No serious adverse events or events significantly associated with BMAC compared with other treatments were reported.

Conclusion:

BMAC injections demonstrated effectiveness in providing pain relief and functional improvement for patients with knee OA. When BMAC was compared with other intra-articular injection options, distinct differences surpassing the MCID were not evident. Further research is deemed necessary to investigate the role of BMAC in the treatment of knee OA.
Prevalence of Upper Extremity Volleyball Injuries Within Different Adult Age Groups: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Data From 2013-2022
Authors: Lee Philip M. , Snyder Eli M. , Obana Kyle K. , Trofa David , Lee Lorrin , You Jae
Published: December 2024

Background:

The mean age of volleyball athletes has increased over the past decade, raising concerns about musculoskeletal injuries. There is no literature on how different mechanisms of injury (MOI) affect different adult age groups.

Purpose:

To evaluate epidemiologic trends, diagnoses, and mechanisms of volleyball-related upper extremity injuries within different adult age groups.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for volleyball-related upper extremity injuries in patients aged between 19 and 79 years, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022, were analyzed. Data included body parts, diagnosis, MOI, and disposition. Calculations used corresponding hospital sample weights for national estimates (NEs). Patients were divided into either 20-39, 40-59, or 60+ years age groups. Linear regressions were used to analyze annual trends, chi-square tests were used to analyze categorical variables, and the Holm P value adjustment method was utilized in post hoc analysis.

Results:

A weighted NE of 41,164 volleyball-related upper extremity injuries occurred in the study period. The mean age was 35.8 ± 14 years, and male patients constituted 49.4% of all patients. The most injured body parts of all age groups were fingers (33.2%), shoulders (28.9%), and wrists (16%). The most common identifiable MOI were impacts with the floor (24%), impacts with the ball (18.7%), and spikes/serves (6.9%). The 20-39 age group experienced shoulder dislocations at the greatest rate of all age groups (NE = 3362 [37%]) and sustained injuries from spike/serve movements at the greatest rates (NE = 2214 [8.2%]; P < .01). Of the 3362 shoulder dislocations in the 20-39 age group, 1445 (43%) were during spikes/serves. The 60+ age group had the greatest rates of sprains/strains (NE = 1353 [41.1%]). Additionally, the 60+ age group suffered from injuries secondary to impacts on the floor (NE = 1242 [37.7%]) and impacts with the ball (NE = 769 [23.4%]) at the greatest rates ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that adult populations are at risk for volleyball-related upper extremity injuries, specifically affecting the finger, wrist, and shoulder. MOI among age groups differed, as younger adults more often sustained injuries from dynamic movements, whereas older adults sustained injuries from trauma.
Hindi Newspapers Perspectives on the Israel-Hamas War
Authors: Jangra Anuradha
Published: December 2024

This article delves into the coverage of the Israel-Hamas war by the Hindi media in India since October 7, 2023. The analysis concentrates on eight prominent Hindi dailies, namely, Danik Bhaskar, Danik Jagran, Amar Ujala, Hindustan, Jansatta, Rajasthan Patrika, Prabhat Khabar, and Punjab Kesari. There were divergent perspectives on Israel-Hamas War that are highlighted by the choices of language and the argumentation that the authors and editors justified through historical, religious and moral viewpoints. However, a nuanced narrative also emerges, reflecting the support of Indian perspective and interests. The article contributes to understanding how the Hindi-speaking public perceives this historical conflict within India’s overall foreign policy framework.
Oral Health, Inflammation, and Cardiometabolic Factors in the VA Million Veteran Program
Authors: Yu Y.H. , Pridgen K.M. , Nelson T.J. , Miller D.R. , Wells J.M. , Assimes T.L. , O’Donnell C.J. , Tsao P.S. , Chang K.M. , Lynch J.A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Associations between cardiometabolic comorbidities and self-reported oral health (OH) are often underexplored in large biobank datasets. While these associations are unaffected by dental care access, they could be mediated by immune responses and inflammation.

Objectives:

This study assessed the associations between cardiometabolic comorbidities and self-reported OH, periodontitis, and tooth loss using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in participants from the U.S. Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program (MVP), adjusting for immune and inflammatory covariates.

Methods:

Data from 154,167 MVP participants were extracted from January 2011 to September 2021, including lifetime cardiometabolic comorbidities, self-reported OH, ICD-coded periodontitis and tooth loss, and laboratory measurements. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios of cardiometabolic comorbidities for self-reported OH, periodontitis, and tooth loss, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory (neutrophil and lymphocyte cell counts) risk factors. A separate dataset was used for additional sensitivity analyses, adjusting for serum levels of C-reactive protein and albumin.

Results:

Complete data were analyzed for 154,167 participants (19%). Most participants (92%) were male and from European ancestry (94%). The mean age was 65.5 y (SD 11.4 y). Ten percent of participants had excellent self-reported OH. Fourteen percent had any periodontitis, and 17% had any tooth loss. Significant associations were found between tooth loss and congestive heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.74, P < 0.001) and peripheral vascular diseases (OR, 1.82, P < 0.001). There were also significant associations between congestive heart failure and self-reported OH (excellent versus “poor/fair/good/very good”), with increasing odds as self-reported OH declined ( P < 0.001 for trend). These associations remained significant even after sensitivity analyses, albeit with slight attenuation.

Conclusion:

This study of veterans underscores the important cardiometabolic links of self-reported poor OH and tooth loss, akin to those observed with periodontitis, even after adjusting for potential confounders related to demographics, lifestyle, and inflammation.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Exploring cardiometabolic associations with self-reported OH, clinically diagnosed periodontitis, and tooth loss using the ICD in the Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program, we found significant associations. These associations persisted after adjustment for inflammatory confounders. These findings emphasized the benefit of assessing OH as a vital indicator of overall cardiometabolic health in large-scale biobank studies.