bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do desempenho e bem-estar de bezerros leiteiros em diferentes instalações consumindo diferentes fontes de volumoso
Authors: Donicht Patricia Alessandra Meneguzzi Metz , Confortin Anna Carolina Cerato , Silva Rafaela Bueno da , Muller Ana Flavia
Published: June 2021

O objetivo foi avaliar o bem-estar de bezerros leiteiros alojados em confinamento ou em abrigos individuais, recebendo feno de alfafa ou silagem de sorgo. Foram utilizados oito animais, sendo quatro da raça Holandesa e quatro mestiços, dentre os quais seis eram machos e duas fêmeas, distribuídos aleatoriamente pela ordem de nascimento e chegada aos seguintes tratamentos: AF – abrigos individuais + feno de alfafa, AS – abrigos individuais + silagem de sorgo, BF – bezerreira convencional + feno de alfafa e BS – bezerreira convencional + silagem de sorgo. Os bezerros dos diferentes tratamentos não diferiram quanto ao tempo das atividades ócio, ruminação, idas aos cochos de volumoso e concentrado e mamando. Houve diferença significativa quanto a idas ao bebedouro, onde os animais mantidos no tratamento AS foram mais vezes ao bebedouro quando comparados com os dos demais tratamentos. A frequência respiratória dos bezerros mantidos no tratamento AF foi maior quando comparado com aos dos tratamentos BF e BS, porém não foi observada diferença quando comparado aos do tratamento AS. As instalações e fonte de volumoso não interferem no comportamento ingestivo de bezerros. Animais recém-instalados permanecem mais tempo em ócio em pé e menos tempo em atividade de ruminação. Bezerros leiteiros mantidos em abrigos individuais intensificam processos de perda de calor, como alteração da frequência respiratória.
Vaccine development for cryptosporidiosis: Systematic review
Authors: Silva Débora Regina Romualdo da , Oliveira Talita Carolina Bragança de , Marta Bárbara Braga Ferreira , Baptista Carolina Beatriz , Bottaro Maria Cecília Zonetti , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva
Published: June 2021

Cryptosporidium spp. are opportunistic parasites with zoonotic potential transmitted by ingestion of contaminated water and food, the infection consists of severe diarrhea leading to the death of babies and immunocompromised individuals. In the veterinary, it can generate economic losses due to the death of calves, these animals being a possible source of transmission of the parasite. Nitazoxanide and halofuginone are the only drugs approved for treatment in humans and calves respectively, however there are restrictions on their use. There is still no vaccine against cryptosporidiosis in humans or animals and its development is a great challenge. Our objective with the present work was to write a systematic review of the literature addressing the progress of studies on vaccines against cryptosporidiosis. The recommended guidelines for RSL were used, with the aid of the StArt software (State of the Art through Systematic Rewiews). The research took place in the databases: Lilacs, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, Embase and Medline. In 30% of the selected articles, the calves were the study animal and in 50% the mice; 40% of the studies were with vaccines derived from recombinant proteins and 30% of the research was aimed at inhibiting the parasite from entering cells and activating the host's protective immunity. So far, a vaccine with no proven efficacy or an ideal cost-benefit has been developed. Many candidate antigenic targets for a vaccine have been characterized, in addition to elucidating the immunogenicity mechanism of Cryptosporidium spp. in the infected individual. However, another antigenic targets for a vaccine can be searched in future studies.
Xylose a carbon source for the production of biosurfactant: mini review
Authors: Vieira Neta Maria dos Remédios Araújo , Azevedo Mariana Amaral , Delforno Tiago Palladino , Duarte Iolanda Cristina Silveira
Published: June 2021

Xylose is the second most abundant monosaccharide in nature. Xylose monomers are part of the structure of hemicellulose, which shows amorphous structure and is easily degraded by acid hydrolysis. Xylose is widely studied for xylitol and biofuels production; however, it is still little explored for the production of biosurfactants, which are active surface molecules with emulsifying properties, are biodegradable and are non-toxic to the environment. Bacteria, fungi and yeasts are extensively studied for the production of biosurfactants from different carbohydrates, oils and hydrocarbons, but there are few reports in the literature about the production of biosurfactants from hemicellulosic hydrolysates rich in xylose. Some studies show that bacteria and yeasts generally produce glycolipids from hemicellulosic hydrolysates. Due to the different properties of glycolipids, they can be used in different areas of industry, as they can be applied as bioremediators, bioinsecticides and antimicrobials.
Analysis of the correctly filling in the request form for Antimicrobials in an Oncology Reference Hospital in the State of Pará
Authors: Mello Amanda Gabryelle Nunes Cardoso , Nascimento Marcela Cleisy Ramos , Oliveira Annie Elisandra Mesquita de , Freitas Crystyanne de Sousa , Sena Luann Wendel Pereira de
Published: June 2021

Objective: Analyze the filling in the antimicrobial request form of the Intensive Care Unit in an oncology reference hospital in the state of Pará. Methods: This was a quantitative and retrospective study by collecting data from the restricted use antimicrobials request form, developed in the Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Ophir Loyola. Forms analyzed were from August to December 2018 in the file of the Hospital Infection Control Committee. Data obtained were organized in a database in Microsoft Excel® software, for descriptive statistical application, and the results were categorized and presented in a box and tables. Results: Of the 469 forms analyzed, 125 belonged to the month of August (27%), 96 (20%) September, 79 (17%) October, 96 (20%) November (20%) and 73 (16%) December. Meropenem was the most prescribed medication in the first three months (16%, 21.90% and 20.30%), in November, vancomycin was the most dispensed (11.5%) and, in December, piperacillin-tazobactam (tazocin - 20.5%). Regarding non-conformities, there is no form with the item “pharmaceutical form”. There were missing information on indication of use, data on the isolated infectious agent and omission of information on “progress of the requested microbiological study”. The indication for use was comprised between empirical and specific therapy. Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to adjust the antimicrobial request form, inserting complementary data for greater patient safety and better prescription, promoting their rational use.
Avaliação do temperamento afetivo e emocional em estudantes universitários da metodologia ativa de ensino
Authors: Braga Isadora Archanjo Ferreira , Maroneze Lucas Ribeiro , Carvalho Kelly Virgínia Gabriel de , Moura Fábio Rodrigues de , Santos Priscila Lima dos , Tavares Débora dos Santos
Published: June 2021

A metodologia ativa é uma construção pedagógica que utiliza fatos reais ou fictícios como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem, com o objetivo de refletir sobre uma situação, com diferentes possibilidades de análise, e então solucionar impasses. Entendendo que essas experiências fazem parte da construção da personalidade do sujeito, surge a ideia de que os desafios desse método de ensino poderiam interferir nas dimensões temperamentais afetivas e emocionais dos estudantes. Assim, o presente estudo avaliou o temperamento afetivo e emocional dos estudantes matriculados do primeiro ano da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (Campus Universitário Professor Antônio Garcia Filho), a qual utiliza diferentes metodologias ativas, especialmente a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). Observou-se impacto negativo da ABP no temperamento emocional dos estudantes (vontade, controle, coping, sensibilidade e o indicador Funcionamento Emocional Global). Entretanto, verificou-se aumento nas dimensões desinibição e euforia após envolvimento com a metodologia ativa aplicada. Portanto, considera-se que os aspectos da metodologia ativa podem contribuir positiva ou negativamente em determinados aspectos do temperamento afetivo e emocional, sendo importante outros estudos em diferentes academias, bem como a comparação com outras metodologias de ensino vigentes, para atestar os efeitos da metodologia ativa no desenvolvimento temperamental.
Teleorientação com o uso de ferramentas digitais no auxílio ao atendimento odontológico em época de pandemia da COVID-19: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Machado Fabrício Campos , Oliveira Laura Cesário , Silva Dayviddy Lucas Magalhães , Carvalho Thiago de Amorim , Novais Veridiana Resende , Menezes Murilo de Sousa
Published: June 2021

No âmbito da prestação de serviços de saúde, o consultório odontológico passou por uma verdadeira revolução tecnológica, a partir da pandemia da COVID-19 para que as consultas odontológicas pudessem ser mantidas com o maior nível de segurança para profissionais e pacientes, e essa revolução passa pelo uso constante das ferramentas e recursos digitais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar de que forma as ferramentas digitais podem auxiliar no atendimento odontológico no momento da pandemia da COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio da qual foram selecionados a partir dos critérios de elegibilidade propostos na estratégia PRISMA-ScR, 9 artigos para análise qualitativa, nas bases de dados Scielo e Pubmed. Percebeu-se que as ferramentas mais utilizadas são aquelas de mensagens instantâneas, como Whatsapp e Telegram, além do uso das chamadas telefônicas para o telemonitoramento e a teleconsulta, e estas ações foram fomentadas pelo reconhecimento por parte do Conselho Federal de Odontologia do uso da Teleodontologia como estratégia necessária para a manutenção dos atendimentos odontológicos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a transformação digital ocasionada pela pandemia da COVID-19 deverá se tornar perene ainda que a situação epidemiológica se torne mais controlada, propiciando uma melhor comunicação entre o cirurgião dentista e seus pacientes.
Prevalência de Leucemia Viral Felina (FeLV) e principais alterações hematológicas em felinos domésticos em Vila Velha, Espírito Santo
Authors: Gonçalves Heverton José , Ferraz Carolina Magri , Hiura Emy , Herzog Laysa Galvão , Pucheta Aldana Noelia , Ferreira Larissa Claudino , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro , Braga Fabio Ribeiro
Published: June 2021

O vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV- feline leukemia vírus) tem distribuição mundial e nos felinos domésticos a principal fonte de transmissão ocorre por meio da saliva. Assim, o contato direto ou indireto entre animais são causas preponderantes para a disseminação deste vírus. São escassos na literatura dados que direcionem o número de animais positivos no Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. Por isso, objetivou-se realizar o levantamento da prevalência de felinos domésticos FeLV positivos avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos presentes nestes animais infectados, assim como conhecimentos dos tutores sobre a doença. Foram analisados 70 prontuários de felinos domésticos testados para FeLV, no período de Janeiro de 2020 a Dezembro de 2020 e que foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Vila Velha. Os felinos domésticos foram diagnosticados através do SNAP® FIV/FeLV Combo. Os dados hematológicos foram obtidos por meio de exames de hemograma e bioquímica sérica. Os resultados demonstraram uma ocorrência de 42,6% de animais positivos para FeLV, sendo mais acometidos os machos (18/30; 60%; P<0,05) e animais com acesso à rua (14/30; 46,7%; P<0,05). Todos os animais positivos apresentaram alguma alteração hematológica, como anemia, trombocitopenia, neutrofilia e linfopenia. Concluiu-se que é elevada a ocorrência de FeLV em gatos em Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, devendo medidas serem tomadas para intensificar as medidas de controle e profilaxia contra essa enfermidade.
Time-dependent hematological responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to an estuarine contaminated water
Authors: Guerra Aline Raquel Gomes , Souza Ursulla Pereira , Duarte Rafael Mendonça , Ferreira Fábio Cop , Conceição José Reinaldo Oliveira , Menossi Olivia
Published: June 2021

We aimed to study hematological responses of Oreochromis niloticus experimentally exposed to the contaminated water of the Santos-São Vicente Estuary, testing hypotheses that exposure time to estuarine water promotes deleterious effects on hematological parameters and evaluating the use of erythrocytes and leukocytes alterations as environmental biomarkers. Estuarine water was collected from Largo da Pompeba. For the biological assay, 28 juveniles of O. niloticus (red strain) of both genders were randomly selected from commercial pisciculture. For the biological assay, 28 juveniles of O. niloticus of both sexes were randomly selected from commercial fish farms. The juveniles were kept in estuarine water for 72 and 120 hours and, after exposure, blood was collected by puncture of the caudal vein to determine total erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, hematimetric indices and total leukocytes, as lymphocyte, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils were quantified by blood extensions. To test exposure overtime on hematological variables, we performed a two-factor Multivariate Analysis of Variance. Exposure for 72 hours resulted in immunosuppression as seen by the reduced counts of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in the bloodstream, whereas after 120 hours the immune system was stimulated with the increase of all leukocyte cell types. Exposure to estuarine water resulted in marked changes in the leukocyte count of O. niloticus, demonstrating that alterations in white blood cells might be more sensitive biomarkers than red blood parameters.
Neurociência e a aprendizagem no ensino Ciências
Authors: Camillo Cíntia Moralles
Published: June 2021

Este estudo objetivou investigar a problemática: os professores que ensinam Ciências na atualidade conhecem o funcionamento do cérebro e como se consolida a aprendizagem? Bem como, quais são as atividades pedagógicas que leva o aluno a ter motivação para aprender? Para responder à questão, investigou-se como surgiu a neurociências e os seus conceitos que abrange os tipos de memória e a importância da atenção na aprendizagem e, após, a neurociência e o Ensino de Ciências percorrendo como a neurociência surgiu na Educação, suas aplicações em sala de aula, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e, o que revela os últimos estudos da área em relação a neurociência e a aprendizagem. Para tanto, este estudo é qualitativo, exploratório e de revisão literária, que busca responder uma problemática. Conclui-se pelos estudos levantados que o professor desconhece o funcionamento do cérebro e como se consolida a aprendizagem, bem como o que leva o aluno a ter motivação. Em relação as ações pedagógicas, que ativam o cérebro a aprender, vários autores afirmam que as atividades lúdicas, o uso de vídeos, imagens, sons, movimentos corporais, desafios e outros tipos de ações, promovem estímulos neurocognitivos.
Ensino da matemática em níveis fundamental e médio: Utilizando jogos como ferramentas didáticas
Authors: Rocha Cassiano Silva da , Silva Givaldo Ferreira da , Rocha João Silva , Silva José Eduardo
Published: June 2021

As constantes transformações sociais e tecnológicas da sociedade moderna demandam que o Ensino da Matemática esteja em contínuo aperfeiçoamento, buscando propostas pedagógicas que promovam uma aprendizagem contextualizada e crítica. Este trabalho objetiva refletir sobre a influência que as abordagens metodológicas no Ensino da Matemática têm no desenvolvimento cognitivo do estudante e como os jogos podem ser apresentados como recursos didáticos no ensino da matemática. Utilizou-se de uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa, de caráter descritivo, exploratório e analítico, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, com análise dos dados baseada em argumentos qualitativos, utilizando artigos publicados na plataforma Google Acadêmico entre os anos de 2017 e 2021. Os resultados demonstram as práticas pedagógicas Modelagem Matemática, Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas e Ensino Remoto, com prevalência da Prática Pedagógica Tradicional no ensino da matemática. Evidenciou-se o uso da ludicidade com jogos no ensino da matemática como prática pedagógica alternativa e reflexões do repensar a infraestrutura de ensino subsidiando o professor em possibilidades e incentivos na aplicação de novos métodos didáticos como o uso de jogos. Conclui-se que o ensino de matemática prevalece na prática tradicional pedagógica e que mudanças nos métodos de ensino são necessárias, não podendo negligenciar a participação do professor como indissociável ao processo. A utilização de jogos apresenta-se como método alternativo e não substituto aos demais modelos de ensino.
Water footprint in family farming
Authors: Barbosa Ana Luiza Grateki , Pinto Daniel Brasil Ferreira , Almeida Rafael Alvarenga
Published: June 2021

Currently, the management of water resources has gained greater visibility and has become indispensable, with the need for different methodologies which consider all water used and incorporated in the processes and products. In this way, the water footprint concept has been introduced to calculate the appropriation of fresh water on the part of the humankind. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the water footprint in some sectors of family farming in the municipality of Teófilo Otoni – MG, analyzing the agricultural production of crops cultivated exclusively by the sector in 2017 in Teófilo Otoni. The cultivation of pumpkin, banana, chayote, beans, cassava, Maize, peppers, okra, cabbage, and tangerine were studied. Thus, the total water footprint for the year 2017 was 13,996,735.05 m3.t-1, in which the green water footprint represents 86%, the blue water footprint represents 12.5% and the gray water footprint equals 1.5%. The family farming sector of Teófilo Otoni demands an average of 196.73 liters for a production of R$ 1.00.
Relato sobre a pesca do robalo no Canal de Bertioga durante a Pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Laurelli Adele Raquel , Ramires Milena , Barrella Walter
Published: June 2021

O Canal de Bertioga é delimitado pelo continente e pela ilha de Santo Amaro, constituindo a unidade natural que conecta os municípios de Santos, Guarujá e Bertioga com o oceano. É considerado como uma das regiões mais visitadas por pescadores amadores no estado de São Paulo. A presente pesquisa buscou analisar alterações na prática da pesca amadora de robalos, no canal de Bertioga, decorrentes dos impactos da pandemia do COVID-19. Foi visitado, entre fevereiro e abril de 2021, um ponto de embarque localizado no trecho sul deste canal, com o objetivo de inventariar as condições e serviços oferecidos aos pescadores esportivos da região, durante o período de restrição provocado pela pandemia COVID-19. Neste local, os principais serviços são aluguel de barcos e motores de popa, além de venda de camarões como iscas vivas.  No período de fechamento do comércio varejista, barcos foram alugados com maior frequência para pescadores esportivos, em dias que, frequentemente, não havia grande exercício dessa atividade, como em dias úteis da semana. Relatos sobre a intensa movimentação de barcos, que trafegam acima da velocidade permitida (5 nós) desestabilizando as margens e a vegetação do manguezal foram apontados como um impacto do período de restrição. A pesca irregular,  com rede de “malhão” também tem provocado danos ambientais, com a redução da biodiversidade aquática no canal.  Enfatizamos a atuação das políticas públicas no setor, garantindo saúde, segurança alimentar e geração de renda, amenizando a crise e recuperando economias locais.
Use of heparin in patients with severe COVID-19: What is the evidence?
Authors: Marinho Vitória Ribeiro Dantas , Villarim Camila Vilar Oliveira , Silva Laura Cristina Costa e , Silva André Luiz Costa e , Araújo-Neto Irami , Caldas Diego Maia Diogenes Rabelo , Rêgo Amália Cinthia Meneses , Araújo-Filho Irami
Published: June 2021

The rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) worldwide urges the need for studies on the illness and its management. The COVID-19 infection leads to hypercoagulation due to inflammatory cytokine release and D-dimer increase in critically ill patients, resulting in pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) evolving to sepsis and death. The study evaluated the currently existing evidence on heparin administration in patients with severe COVID-19. An integrative literature review was done by searching for scientific studies in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The analyzed studies showed that heparin use in critically ill patients could efficiently prevent thrombotic events and reduce the exacerbated inflammatory process. However, further investigation on the effect on patients is still needed. The use of heparin in critically ill COVID-19 patients has been prescribed increasingly by doctors. But its use has not yet had its outcomes well established in the literature. Therefore, deeper investigations and new research development are needed to clarify potential beneficial effects.
Experiência de uma abordagem prática do PIBID em sala de aula no Ensino de Botânica
Authors: Sousa Antônio Reis de , Sá Antônia Alikaene de , Silva Amanda Meneses da , Nascimento Fernanda Beatriz do , Santos Jessicléia Rodrigues dos , Vieira Rafaela de Brito , Veloso Maria Lidiana de Lima , Aquino Luzia de Kássia Meneses de , Lima Leonardo Henrique Guedes de Morais
Published: June 2021

Aulas práticas são essenciais para a compreensão dos conteúdos da área da Biologia, em especial da Botânica. O presente artigo objetivou apresentar uma metodologia de ensino na área de botânica, a partir de uma prática realizada por discentes do PIBID da Universidade Federal do Piauí – CSHNB, bem como trazer reflexões acerca dos conhecimentos relacionados às metodologias dessa área. Para a realização deste trabalho, adotou-se uma metodologia de pesquisa de campo e em seguida uma análise quali-quantitativa, utilizando-se uma ficha de percepções provenientes da comunicação verbal e não verbal dos alunos e de seu envolvimento na aula, tais como comportamentos, questionamentos, expressões corporais e comentários. Obteve-se como resultados a participação de todos os alunos da turma, os quais puderam visualizar e distinguir os diversos grupos de plantas estudados dentro do ensino de Botânica através de exemplares vivos e de algumas estruturas de plantas coletadas na região próxima ao colégio, o que aproximou o conteúdo com a realidade dos alunos. Ademais, vários trabalhos científicos abordam a necessidade de trabalhar a parte prática dos conteúdos dentro do contexto social dos alunos, o que corrobora a realização deste estudo visando demonstrar a importância da prática para o ensino e aprendizagem significativos.
Laser de alta potência para cirurgia periodontal em paciente com síndrome de Down: Relato de caso
Authors: Campos Luana , Martins Fabiana , Macedo Débora Serrano de , Sendyk Wilson Roberto , Tanaka Marcia Hiromi
Published: June 2021

Indivíduos com síndrome de Down apresentam características dentais típicas, que requerem tratamento odontológico especializado. Além disso, devido ao déficit intelectual, este manejo pode ser ainda mais desafiador. Neste caso clínico, apresentamos uma proposta de tratamento promissora, com laser de alta potência, em um menino de 12 anos com pericoronarite, que não pôde se submeter à cirurgia periodontal com outros profissionais. A utilização dessa técnica resultou em um breve e excelente resultado pós-operatório. Concluímos que esta abordagem clínica pode ser indicada para indivíduos com síndrome de Down que apresentam comprometimento intelectual leve a moderado.
Atuação da equipe de enfermagem frente aos fatores de risco e prevenção de quedas na população idosa
Authors: Magalhães Juliana Lima , Silva Aldenira Santos da
Published: June 2021

As quedas desempenham um papel importante na degradação da qualidade de vida dos idosos, suas consequências desenvolvem um impacto significativo na vida desses indivíduos, isso em razão da fragilidade física e fisiológica dos mesmos, gerando desafios pessoais envolvendo aspectos emocionais e no relacionamento familiar. Objetivo: Investigar a atuação da equipe de enfermagem quanto aos fatores de risco e a prevenção de quedas na população idosa. Metodologia: O estudo trata-se de uma revisão de integrativa com coleta de dados realizada mediante busca eletrônica, nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Scientifc Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), sobre a temática em questão, referente ao período de 2016 a 2021. Resultados: Foi observado que o espaço físico não adaptado é um dos principais fatores de risco para queda e que ele implica diretamente no aspecto econômico, outros fatores de ricos mencionados foram o desequilíbrio, tropeços, osteoporose e as medicações. Observou-se ainda medidas que a equipe de enfermagem pode estar realizando na prevenção das quedas, que foram: orientações, dinâmicas com a família e visitas domiciliares. Conclusão: No que se refere à análise dos dados presentes nesta revisão, é consenso entre os autores citados de que a enfermagem tem papel imprescindível na prevenção e cuidados referentes a quedas em idosos, além disso, atua diretamente para que os fatores de riscos sejam atenuados.
Literacia e inclusão digital: Um estudo piloto com jovens em vulnerabilidade social na cidade de Natal-RN
Authors: Santos Andreza Souza , Almeida Ana Margarida Pisco , Bezerra Marlos Alves , Bezerra Angela Cristina Sampaio , Silva Pollyanne Evangelista da , Maia Dennys Leite
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um recorte de uma investigação que teve por objetivo analisar a inclusão digital de jovens moradores de Natal no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Trata-se de uma pesquisa piloto, quantitativa, exploratória e descritiva na qual participaram 21 jovens entre 15 e 18 anos de idade. Os dados foram organizados com o apoio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Os softwares SPSS, Minitab e R foram utilizados para calcular médias, desvio-padrão e realizar a Análise de Cluster. Os resultados revelam que os jovens possuem acesso à Internet em seus domicílios, a partir de conexão wi-fi e, principalmente, rede móvel. O smartphone se revelou como o principal dispositivo de acesso (90%). Cerca de 66% utilizam a Internet para acessar redes sociais e aplicativos de mensagens e 47% para estudar. Quanto à literacia digital, os resultados mostram médias satisfatórias nas perguntas relacionadas à programação de computadores, no entanto, revelam algumas dificuldades relacionadas à (1) edição e à criação de conteúdos, (2) segurança e comunicação e (3) habilidades de pesquisa. Esta pesquisa oferece indicativos para o debate acerca da inclusão digital de jovens em vulnerabilidade, moradores de comunidades periféricas do supracitado município.
Geotechnology applied to land classification in areas of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Schultz Nivaldo , Moreira Kellis Fernanda Amancio , Cruz Isabela Beatriz Pereira da , Garcia Pedro Araújo , Souza Filho Luiz Carlos de , Pinheiro Helena Saraiva Koenow , Santos Otavio Augusto Queiroz dos , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study was to classify the lands of a micro-watershed located in the Atlantic forest biome, in a region of rough relief, in the use capacity system using geotechnology resources and indicate uses for the lands according to their suitability. The theoretical basis of the Manual for Utilitarian Survey and Classification of Land in the Use Capacity System with adaptations for areas of rough relief was adopted. The study was carried out from the survey of topographic information to construct the altimetric map of the watershed, followed by the survey of the physical environment, especially water erosion, description of soil profiles and collection of samples. The parameters effective depth, texture, permeability, slope, erosion, fertility, and land use were evaluated. Based on the pedological data and on the use of applied geotechnology, the soil map was created, and the lands of the watershed were classified and mapped in the use capacity system. After interpretation of the survey products, it was verified that in rough relief, slope is the predominant factor to determine the classes of land use, as it outweighs the other parameters evaluated. Land classification land with the use capacity system promotes optimization in the use of areas with agricultural areas and preservation of those destined for conservation.
Impacto da pandemia na demanda por aplicativo de delivery de alimentação em Piracicaba/SP
Authors: Menighini Gustavo Verdi , Oliveira Jean Carlos Carvalho de , Silva Vanessa de Cillos , Piacente Fabrício José
Published: June 2021

A chegada da pandemia do Covid-19 no território nacional acarretou medidas de restrição e isolamento, fatores que desencadearam mudanças nos hábitos de consumo da população. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o aumento na demanda de pedidos de refeições, entre o ano pré-pandêmico e pandêmico (entre 2019 e 2020), em três diferentes restaurantes que fornecem alimentação pronta por meio de entrega (delivery) a partir de um aplicativo de compra, no Município de Piracicaba-SP. O foco é analisar o comportamento da demanda dos pedidos a partir da análise da evolução de três variáveis: i) número de pedidos realizados; ii) faturamento total nos períodos; iii) e ticket médio de compra. Os dados apresentados na pesquisa empírica indicaram um crescimento no número de novos pedidos, no faturamento total e no ticket médio nos três restaurantes analisados, quando comparado os anos de 2019 e 2020, esse crescimento foi mais evidente no caso do restaurante A.
GAMBARAN PERSEDIAAN OBAT DI APOTEK NIAS MEDIKA DENGAN ANALISIS ABC BERDASARKAN RESEP MASUK PERIODE JANUARI-MEI 2020
Authors: Nofrika Vonny , Agustina Ika , Priyanti Risca
Published: June 2021

Pharmacy is a pharmaceutical service facility where pharmacy practices are carried out by pharmacists, namely manufacturing including quality control of pharmaceutical preparations, security, procurement, storage and distribution or distribution of drugs, drug management, prescription drug services, drug information services, and drug development services, drug ingredients and traditional medicine One of the scopes in the management of health services is logistics management, which is a field of management whose specific task is to deal with logistics. Pharmacy nias medika there was no specific arrangement for the procurement of drugs with certain methods so that often there is a vacuum of medicine one of which is for drugs contained in a doctor's prescription that goes to the nias medika pharmacy. For this reason, it was necessary to control drug inventory using certain methods, one of which was by using ABC analysis. The type of research was descriptive and quantitative, based on the prescription entry by recording the name of the drug, the number of drugs, and the unit price of the drug and then processed using data analysis during January-May 2020. The results showed that there were 160 types of drugs based on prescription entry into the drugstore nias medika. With 32 types (20% ) drugs classified as group A with an investment value of 69.68% with laroton drugs which are in the highest position 47 types (29.37%) drugs classified as group B with an investment value of 20.25%, while 81 types (50, 63%) the drugs belong to group C with a total investment of 10.07%.
The Effect of Educational Game Method on Learning Achievements of Seventh-grade Students with Different Learning Styles
Authors:   Department of Science Education, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey, Yıldız Emre
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to investigate the effect of the educational game method on the learning achievements of seventh-grade students with different learning styles. A case study was used in the research. The study group of the study consisted of 120 secondary school seventh-grade students studying in the central and rural areas of Erzurum. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory and the achievement test developed by the researcher were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, dependent groups t-test, and one-way ANOVA were used in data analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the students in this study have the most diverging, least accommodating learning style. It was determined that the educational game method significantly increased learning achievement in all learning styles. It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference among the learning achievements of students with different learning styles applied educational game method. The effects of the educational game method can be evaluated by applying for a longer period of time in teaching different subjects.
Developing and Assessing Learning Progression for Botanical Literacy by Using Rasch Analysis
Authors:   Department of Education, Faculty of Education, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, Pongsophon Pongprapan , Jituafua Artitaya ,   Division of General Science, Faculty of Education, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Surat Thani, Thailand
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to develop a learning progression (LP) for botanical literacy and assess the impact of a garden-based education course on Thai pre-service science teachers (n = 49). The inquiry- and community-based education course was taught over a 15-week period. To measure botanical literacy, a 50-item multiple-choice test was employed. A hypothetical model of the construct was proposed and validated using a dichotomous Rasch model. Results indicated that the model fits the data well. Thus, the hypothetical model was confirmed. The validated botanical literacy comprised conceptual and procedural domains. Each domain had several core ideas and subordinate concepts located on a linear construct and arranged by increasing difficulty. For example, in the conceptual domain, the core ideas arranged from the easiest to most difficult were plant diversity, plant morphology, and plant eco-physiology. The botanical literacy of the pre-service teachers was measured before and after the instruction. To measure the learning gain, we fixed the pre- and post-item difficulty and estimated the post-instruction person ability. The means of pre- and post-instruction person ability were compared using the Welch t-test. We found that learning gain was statistically significant (p < 0.01). This study discusses implications of LP for botanical literacy in biology education.
Multilevel Assimilation of Inverted Seismic Data With Correction for Multilevel Modeling Error
Authors: Nezhadali Mohammad , Bhakta Tuhin , Fossum Kristian , Mannseth Trond
Published: June 2021

With large amounts of simultaneous data, like inverted seismic data in reservoir modeling, negative effects of Monte Carlo errors in straightforward ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) are enhanced, typically resulting in underestimation of parameter uncertainties. Utilization of lower fidelity reservoir simulations reduces the computational cost per ensemble member, thereby rendering the possibility of increasing the ensemble size without increasing the total computational cost. Increasing the ensemble size will reduce Monte Carlo errors and therefore benefit DA results. The use of lower fidelity reservoir models will however introduce modeling errors in addition to those already present in conventional fidelity simulation results. Multilevel simulations utilize a selection of models for the same entity that constitute hierarchies both in fidelities and computational costs. In this work, we estimate and approximately account for the multilevel modeling error (MLME), that is, the part of the total modeling error that is caused by using a multilevel model hierarchy, instead of a single conventional model to calculate model forecasts. To this end, four computationally inexpensive approximate MLME correction schemes are considered, and their abilities to correct the multilevel model forecasts for reservoir models with different types of MLME are assessed. The numerical results show a consistent ranking of the MLME correction schemes. Additionally, we assess the performances of the different MLME-corrected model forecasts in assimilation of inverted seismic data. The posterior parameter estimates from multilevel DA with and without MLME correction are compared to results obtained from conventional single-level DA with localization. It is found that multilevel DA (MLDA) with and without MLME correction outperforms conventional DA with localization. The use of all four MLME correction schemes results in posterior parameter estimates with similar quality. Results obtained with MLDA without any MLME correction were also of similar quality, indicating some robustness of MLDA toward MLME.
3D Quantitative Evaluation of Posture and Spine Proprioceptive Perception Through Instinctive Self-Correction Maneuver in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Kinel Edyta , D’Amico Moreno , Roncoletta Piero
Published: June 2021

Background

Conservative treatment in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) population is based on individual proprioceptive and motor control training. Such training includes physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercises (PSSEs) stimulating the individual capacity to perceive and control his/her posture, particularly the shape of the spine. However, limited knowledge about basic proprioception capability in AIS patients is reported in the literature.

Questions

(1) How do AIS patients, who did not receive any previous specific postural education treatment, perceive their posture and 3D spine shape? Are they able to modify their posture and 3D spine shape correctly through an instinctive self-correction (ISCO) maneuver? (2) Are posture and ISCO maneuver ability gender dependent in AIS patients? (3) Do AIS patients present different posture and spine shape characteristics as well as different ISCO ability compared with the healthy young adult population?

Methods

Cross-sectional observational study. 132 (75 females, 57 males) AIS patients’ posture and 3D spine shape have been measured comparing indifferent orthostasis (IO) (neutral erect posture) to ISCO using a non-ionizing 3D optoelectronic stereophotogrammetric approach. Thirteen quantitative biomechanical parameters described the AIS patients body posture. The statistical analysis was performed using a multivariate approach to compare genders in IO, ISCO, and AIS patients vs. healthy young adults–previously published data (57 females, 64 males).

Results

Males (87.7%) and females (93.3%) of AIS patients were unable to modify posture and 3D spine shape globally. AIS patients gender differences were found in IO, ISCO, and the comparison vs. healthy young adults. When changes occurred, subjects could not focus and control their posture globally, but only in a few aspects at a time.

Conclusion

Self-correction maneuver producing an improvement in body posture and spine shape is not instinctive and must be trained. In such characteristics, AIS patients are not so dissimilar to healthy young adults. Sagittal plane control is the highest, but ISCO in AIS patients led to worsening in this plane. Control at the lumbar level is neglected in both genders. Such outcomes support the necessity of customized PSSEs to treat AIS patients. The 3D stereo-photogrammetric approach is effective in quantitatively describing the subject’s posture, motor control, and proprioception.
The Application of Nucleic Acid Probe–Based Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Huang Ge , Su Chen , Wang Lijuan , Fei Yanxia , Yang Jinfeng
Published: June 2021

It is well known that cancer incidence and death rates have been growing, but the development of cancer theranostics and therapeutics has been a challenging work. Recently, nucleic acid probe–based fluorescent sensing and imaging have achieved remarkable improvements in a variety of cancer management techniques, credited to their high sensitivity, good tolerance to interference, fast detection, and high versatility. Herein, nucleic acid probe–based fluorescent sensing and imaging are labeled with advanced fluorophores, which are essential for fast and sensitive detection of aberrant nucleic acids and other cancer-relevant molecules, consequently performing cancer early diagnosis and targeted treatment. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of nucleic acid probes, summarize the development of nucleic acid probe–based fluorescent sensing and imaging, and prominently elaborate their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In discussion, some challenges and perspectives are elaborated in the field of nucleic acid probe–based fluorescent sensing and imaging.
Porphyromonas gingivalis Provokes Exosome Secretion and Paracrine Immune Senescence in Bystander Dendritic Cells
Authors: Elsayed Ranya , Elashiry Mahmoud , Liu Yutao , El-Awady Ahmed , Hamrick Mark , Cutler Christopher W.
Published: June 2021

Periodontitis is a disease of ageing or inflammaging, and is comorbid with other more severe age-related chronic diseases. With advanced age comes an increase in accumulation of senescent cells that release soluble and insoluble pro-inflammatory factors collectively termed the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In the present report, we examined whether immune cells typical of those at the oral mucosa-microbe interface, are vulnerable to cellular senescence (CS) and the role of dysbiotic oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) from young (yDCs) and old (oDCs) mice were co-cultured in vitro with CS inducer doxorubicin or P.gingivalis (Pg), plus or minus senolytic agent rapamycin. CS profiling revealed elevated CS mediators SA-β-Gal, p16 INK4A, p53, and p21Waf1/Clip1 in oDCs, or yDCs in response to doxorubicin or P. gingivalis, reversible with rapamycin. Functional studies indicate impaired maturation function of oDCs, and yDC exposed to P. gingivalis; moreover, OVA-driven proliferation of CD4+ T cells from young OTII transgenic mice was impaired by oDCs or yDCs+Pg. The SASP of DCs, consisting of secreted exosomes and inflammasome-related cytokines was further analyzed. Exosomes of DCs cocultured with P. gingivalis (PgDCexo) were purified, quantitated and characterized. Though typical in terms of size, shape and phenotype, PgDCexo were 2-fold greater in number than control DCs, with several important distinctions. Namely, PgDCexo were enriched in age-related miRNAs, and miRNAs reported to disrupt immune homeostasis through negative regulation of apoptosis and autophagy functions. We further show that PgDCexo were enriched in P. gingivalis fimbrial adhesin protein mfa1 and in inflammasome related cytokines IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6. Functionally PgDCexo were readily endocytosed by recipient yDCs, amplifying functional impairment in maturation and ability to promote Ova-driven proliferation of OTII CD4+ T cells from young mice. In conclusion P. gingivalis induces premature (autocrine) senescence in DCs by direct cellular invasion and greatly amplifies senescence, in paracrine, of bystander DCs by secretion of inflammatory exosomes. The implications of this pathological pathway for periodontal disease in vivo is under investigation in mouse models.
O-GlcNAcylation in Hyperglycemic Pregnancies: Impact on Placental Function
Authors: Ning Jie , Yang Huixia
Published: June 2021

The dynamic cycling of N-acetylglucosamine, termed as O-GlcNAcylation, is a post-translational modification of proteins and is involved in the regulation of fundamental cellular processes. It is controlled by two essential enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-GlcNAcylation serves as a modulator in placental tissue; furthermore, increased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation have been observed in women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, which may affect the short-and long-term development of offspring. In this review, we focus on the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on placental functions in hyperglycemia-associated pregnancies. We discuss the following topics: effect of O-GlcNAcylation on placental development and its association with hyperglycemia; maternal-fetal nutrition transport, particularly glucose transport, via the mammalian target of rapamycin and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways; and the two-sided regulatory effect of O-GlcNAcylation on inflammation. As O-GlcNAcylation in the placental tissues of pregnant women with hyperglycemia influences near- and long-term development of offspring, research in this field has significant therapeutic relevance.
BEAN: Interpretable and Efficient Learning With Biologically-Enhanced Artificial Neuronal Assembly Regularization
Authors: Gao Yuyang , Ascoli Giorgio A. , Zhao Liang
Published: June 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known for extracting useful information from large amounts of data. However, the representations learned in DNNs are typically hard to interpret, especially in dense layers. One crucial issue of the classical DNN model such as multilayer perceptron (MLP) is that neurons in the same layer of DNNs are conditionally independent of each other, which makes co-training and emergence of higher modularity difficult. In contrast to DNNs, biological neurons in mammalian brains display substantial dependency patterns. Specifically, biological neural networks encode representations by so-called neuronal assemblies: groups of neurons interconnected by strong synaptic interactions and sharing joint semantic content. The resulting population coding is essential for human cognitive and mnemonic processes. Here, we propose a novel Biologically Enhanced Artificial Neuronal assembly (BEAN) regularization1 to model neuronal correlations and dependencies, inspired by cell assembly theory from neuroscience. Experimental results show that BEAN enables the formation of interpretable neuronal functional clusters and consequently promotes a sparse, memory/computation-efficient network without loss of model performance. Moreover, our few-shot learning experiments demonstrate that BEAN could also enhance the generalizability of the model when training samples are extremely limited.
Synaptopathy Mechanisms in ALS Caused by C9orf72 Repeat Expansion
Authors: Nishimura Agnes L. , Arias Natalia
Published: June 2021

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). ALS pathogenic features include accumulation of misfolded proteins, glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction at distal axon terminals, and neuronal cytoskeleton changes. Synergies between loss of C9orf72 functions and gain of function by toxic effects of repeat expansions also contribute to C9orf72-mediated pathogenesis. However, the impact of haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 on neurons and in synaptic functions requires further examination. As the motor neurons degenerate, the disease symptoms will lead to neurotransmission deficiencies in the brain, spinal cord, and neuromuscular junction. Altered neuronal excitability, synaptic morphological changes, and C9orf72 protein and DPR localization at the synapses, suggest a potential involvement of C9orf72 at synapses. In this review article, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing the putative involvement of C9orf72 as a synaptopathy, and we explore the underlying and common disease mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we reflect on the major challenges of understanding C9orf72-ALS as a synaptopathy focusing on integrating mitochondrial and neuronal cytoskeleton degeneration as biomarkers and potential targets to treat ALS neurodegeneration.