bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applying to medical school with undiagnosed dyslexia: a collaborative autoethnography
Authors: Cornwell Megan , Shaw Sebastian Charles Keith
Published: July 2023

Recent statistics found the prevalence of dyslexia in UK medical schools to be 7%, sitting below the national prevalence of 10%. The factors contributing to this discrepancy are currently unknown, but may result from an interplay of individual and systemic barriers to entering medicine. This collaborative, analytic autoethnography aimed to use the experiences of ‘Meg’, a fourth-year medical student who was diagnosed as dyslexic whilst at medical school, to explore how the lack of a diagnosis during the admissions process may have impacted her journey into medicine. The data were collected using reflective writing and an interview before conducting a thematic analysis. Our analysis resulted in the construction of two meta-themes, relating to the negative emotional impact of not having a diagnosis and feelings of inferiority. Seven themes were also constructed. Some explored how Meg’s personal experience of undiagnosed dyslexia acted as a barrier to entering medicine. Others explored the impact of external factors, such as socio-economic background and the provision of support, on an individual’s chance of successfully applying to medical school. Finally, we explored the inadvertent impact undiagnosed (and unrecognised) dyslexia had on Meg’s life course, including how medicine-specific aptitude tests, such as the BMAT and UKCAT, may have contributed to this. These results provide a unique window into the culture of applying to medical school as an undiagnosed dyslexic person, whilst discussing the need for medical schools to consider how their admissions processes may inadvertently disadvantage undiagnosed dyslexic applicants.
Interplay between natriuretic peptides and left atrial mechanics and the relation to recurrence of atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation
Authors: Olsen Flemming Javier , Darkner Stine , Goetze Jens Peter , Chen Xu , Henningsen Kristoffer , Pehrson Steen , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Biering-Sørensen Tor
Published: July 2023

The relationship between natriuretic peptides and atrial distension is not fully understood. We sought to examine their interrelationship and how they relate to atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence following catheter ablation. We analyzed patients enrolled in the AMIO-CAT trial (amiodarone vs. placebo for reducing AF recurrence). Echocardiography and natriuretic peptides were assessed at baseline. Natriuretic peptides included mid-regional proANP (MR-proANP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP). Atrial distension was assessed by left atrial strain measured by echocardiography. The endpoint was AF recurrence within 6 months after a 3-month blanking period. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between log-transformed natriuretic peptides and AF. Multivariable adjustments were made for age, gender, randomization, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Of 99 patients, 44 developed AF recurrence. No differences in natriuretic peptides nor echocardiography were observed between the outcome groups. In unadjusted analyses, neither MR-proANP nor NT-proBNP were significantly associated with AF recurrence [MR-proANP: OR = 1.06 (0.99–1.14), per 10% increase; NT-proBNP: OR = 1.01 (0.98–1.05), per 10% increase]. These findings were consistent after multivariable adjustments. However, atrial strain significantly modified the association between MR-proANP and AF (p for interaction = 0.009) such that MR-proANP was associated with AF in patients with high atrial strain [OR = 1.24 (1.06–1.46), p = 0.008, per 10% increase] but not in patients with low atrial strain. In patients with high atrial strain, an MR-proANP > 116 pmol/L posed a fivefold higher risk of AF recurrence [HR = 5.38 (2.19–13.22)]. Atrial natriuretic peptide predicts AF recurrence in patients with preserved atrial distension. Assessing atrial strain may assist the interpretation of natriuretic peptides.

Graphical abstract
Challenges of deep learning diagnosis for COVID-19 from chest imaging
Authors: Alaufi Rawan , Kalkatawi Manal , Abukhodair Felwa
Published: July 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide for over 2 years now. The pandemic raises a significant threat to global health due to its transmissibility and high pathogenicity. The current standard detection method for COVID-19, namely, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), is slow and inaccurate to help fight the pandemic. RT–PCR takes hours to days to report a single test result and has a high false-negative rate. As a result, an infected person with a negative test result may unknowingly continue to spread the virus. Thus, better detection methods are required to improve the control of COVID-19. With technology advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, deep-learning diagnostic studies to detect COVID-19 infection using medical chest imaging have emerged. In this paper, we review these studies by analyzing their approaches and highlighting their major challenges. These challenges include dataset cleanness, public dataset availability, capability to differentiate COVID-19 from unrelated viral pneumonia, and the difficulty in dealing with images from multiple points of view. Finally, we discuss various ideas and solutions to address the highlighted challenges in the reviewed papers.
Unlabelled landmark matching via Bayesian data selection, and application to cell matching across imaging modalities
Authors: Forsyth Jessica E. , Al-Anbaki Ali H. , Plusa Berenika , Cotter Simon L.
Published: July 2023

We consider the problem of landmark matching between two unlabelled point sets, in particular where the number of points in each cloud may differ, and where points in each cloud may not have a corresponding match. We invoke a Bayesian framework to identify the transformation of coordinates that maps one cloud to the other, alongside correspondence of the points. This problem necessitates a novel methodology for Bayesian data selection, simultaneous inference of model parameters, and selection of the data which leads to the best fit of the model to the majority of the data. We apply this to a problem in developmental biology where the landmarks correspond to segmented cell centres, where potential death or division of cells can lead to discrepancies between the point-sets from each image. We validate the efficacy of our approach using in silico tests and a microinjected fluorescent marker experiment. Subsequently we apply our approach to the matching of cells between real time imaging and immunostaining experiments, facilitating the combination of single-cell data between imaging modalities. Furthermore our approach to Bayesian data selection is broadly applicable across data science, and has the potential to change the way we think about fitting models to data.
Glossar zu Prozesszeiten und Kennzahlen im Herzkatheterlabor
Authors: Dörr Oliver , Schuster Martin , Gaede Luise , Ghanem Alexander , Schmitz Thomas , Hamm Christian
Published: July 2023

Der demografische Wandel sowie innovative Fortschritte in der interventionellen Kardiologie führen zu Veränderungen in der Qualität der medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen. Ein erfolgreiches Management von Herzkatheterlaboren kann hier eine effizienzorientierte Organisation der medizinischen Leistungsprozesse sowie ein belastbares Berichtswesen realisieren, wobei die Medizin und Ökonomie nicht im Widerspruch stehen müssen. Durch die Etablierung und Standardisierung von Prozessschritten können Prozesskennzahlen abgeleitet werden, die die Qualität der Versorgung von Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen verbessern sollen.
Inappropriate prescribing in geriatric rural primary care: impact on adverse outcomes and relevant risk factors in a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Tampaki Maria , Livada Alexandra , Fourka Maria-Niki , Lazaridou Elli , Kotsani Marina , Benetos Athanase , Sfikakis Petros P. , Kravvariti Evrydiki
Published: July 2023

Background

Several tools have revealed an association between potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) and adverse outcomes, but the one most fitted for the rural population has not been determined.

Aims

We investigated the performance of the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP) and Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment (START) in identifying inappropriate prescribing and its association with adverse outcomes among older rural primary health care users.

Methods

A cohort of consenting outpatients aged ≥ 65 years in a rural Greek primary care center was assessed for PIM and potential prescribing omissions (PPO) using the START/STOPP version 2 criteria. Medications, comorbidities, functional status, and laboratory data were recorded along with 6-month incidence of emergency department visits, hospitalization, and death prospectively.

Results

Among 104 participants (median age 78 years, 49.1% women, receiving a median of 6 drugs), PPO was found in 78% and PIMs in 61%. PIM was multivariately correlated with multimorbidity (p = 0.029) and polypharmacy (p < 0,001), while drug-PPO was only associated with multimorbidity (p = 0.039). The number of PIM predicted emergency department visits and hospitalizations at 6-month follow-up (p value 0.011), independent of age, sex, frailty, comorbidities, and total medication number.

Discussion

The START/STOPP tool is useful in identifying inappropriate prescribing patterns leading to increased utilization of acute care services in older adults followed at a rural primary care setting.

Conclusion

Inappropriate prescribing as identified by the START/STOPP criteria is prevalent among older adults with multimorbidity in rural primary care, and independently associated with future acute care visits.
On a Simple Sufficient Condition for the Uniform Starlikeness
Authors: Wiśniowska-Wajnryb Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to prove the theorem which generates many examples of functions belonging to a geometrically defined class of uniformly starlike functions introduced by Goodman in 1991. Only a very few explicit uniformly starlike functions were known until now. Next we obtain inclusion relations between some subclasses of convex functions and the class of uniformly starlike functions.
“What Are You Doing Here?”: Examining Minoritized Undergraduate Student Experiences in STEM at a Minority Serving Institution
Authors: Flores Glenda Marisol , Bañuelos Maricela , Harris Pheather R.
Published: July 2023

Prior research has demonstrated that women and racial minority undergraduate students experience stereotype threat in unwelcoming STEM classrooms in predominantly White institutions. Drawing from focus group and journal entry data with Latinx and African American undergraduate students (N = 52) majoring in a STEM field at an institution that holds both Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) and AANAPISI designations in Southern California, we find that Latinx and Black undergraduate students narrate exclusion from faculty and peers in four main ways: (1) exclusionary STEM classroom culture fomented by faculty, (2) study group stereotype threat, (3) nuances in Black student undergraduate experiences, and (4) unaddressed gendered discrimination. We find that Latinx and African American undergraduates enrolled at a minority serving institution highlight that STEM faculty foment stereotype threat in their classroom culture, which trickles down to students and negatively impacts their ability to develop the necessary social capital networks with both faculty and peers to succeed.
„Sie würden dann fast übergriffig in der Nähe, die Sie herstellen“ – Pädagogische Beziehungen und der Lebensweltbezug
Authors: Leonhard Melanie
Published: July 2023

Pädagogische Beziehungen spielen in der Lehrpersonenbildung der Schweiz eine wichtige Rolle. Sie sind dort sowohl als Thema in Lehrveranstaltungen als auch in der interaktiven Gestaltung präsent.

Im qualitativ-rekonstruktiven Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Positionen und Vorstellungen zur Gestaltung pädagogischer Beziehungen Studierenden in einer Lehrveranstaltung zum Sachunterricht nahegelegt werden, die u. a. den ‚Lebensweltbezug‘ thematisiert. Die Rekonstruktion zeigt eine Spannung zwischen der Thematisierung pädagogischer Beziehungen und der performativ realisierten Beziehung des Dozenten zu den Studierenden. Im Beitrag werden das methodische Vorgehen und die Rekonstruktion dargestellt, bevor die Ergebnisse in ihrer Bedeutung und ihren Limitationen diskutiert werden.
Multi-objective medical supplies distribution open vehicle routing problem with fairness and timeliness under major public health emergencies
Authors: Zheng Fanfan , Du Lijing , Li Xiaohuan , Zhang Jianna , Tian Bingwei , Jallad Ra’fat
Published: July 2023

Fair and timely delivery of supplies plays a critical role under major public health emergencies. In this paper, aiming at fairness and timeliness, an optimization model of open vehicle routing problem for medical supplies distribution is established considering the urgency of the demand. We adopt a differential evolutionary algorithm with fast non-dominated solution sorting to solve the proposed model, obtaining an approximate Pareto optimal solution set. Through the comparison of algorithms, the results showed that the differential evolutionary algorithm with non-dominated sorting is superior with a shorter runtime and more diverse solutions, while the epsilon constraint method has more accurate solutions. In the case verification, the quality of the solutions of both algorithms was within the acceptable range, but the runtime of the epsilon constraint method was too long to be applicable. The results can provide theoretical suggestions and practical guidance for decision-makers in emergency supplies distribution.
Assessment of health risks associated with contaminants in groundwater in the catchment area of selected dumpsites in Abuja north central Nigeria
Authors: Omali A. O. , Arogundade J. T. , Snow D.
Published: July 2023

The human health risk assessment associated with heavy metals contained in sources of drinking water within the catchment area of some dumpsites in FCT Abuja were carried out. Surface and groundwater samples collected within the catchment area of the selected dumpsites were subjected to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in order to obtain the required analytes for the assessment. Parameters like Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Carcinogenic Risk Index (CR) that are needed for the assessment were computed. HQ and HI were computed for non-carcinogenic risk assessment while (CR) was computed for carcinogenic risk assessment. The estimated HI for adults via ingestion across all the investigated dumpsites, ranges from 2.38 to 11.6 which is considered unacceptable. The estimated HI value for adults via dermal absorption across all the investigated dumpsites, ranges from 0.026 to 0.07, which is interpreted to be acceptable. The estimated HI for children via ingestion across all the investigated dumpsites, ranges from 8.051 to 29.868, which is interpreted to be unacceptable. The estimated HI value for Children via dermal absorption across all the investigated dumpsites, ranges from 0.3820 to 1.237 in which about 80% are considered acceptable. The CR ranges from 0.0021 to 0.0109 and 0.004940 to 0.026 for adults and children respectively. This results according to USEPA indicate that both children and adults taking the investigated water via ingestion, are at high risk of contracting cancer.
A pilot study: Comparing a novel noninvasive measure of cerebrovascular stability index with an invasive measure of cerebral autoregulation in neonates with congenital heart disease
Authors: Merkel Carlin A. , Brady Kenneth M. , Votava-Smith Jodie K. , Tran Nhu N.
Published: July 2023

Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) may have impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) associated with cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE). We conducted a pilot study in nine CHD neonates to validate a noninvasive CA measure, cerebrovascular stability index (CSI), by eliciting responses to postural tilts. We compared CSI to an invasive measure of CA and to FTOE collected during tilts (FTOESpot). FTOESpot correlated with CSI, as did the change in FTOE during tilts, but CSI’s correlation with impaired CA did not reach significance. Larger trials are indicated to validate CSI, allowing for noninvasive CA measurements and measurements in outpatient settings.
Preparing clinicians to be site investigators in multicenter clinical trials: A training program at an academic medical center
Authors: Loucks Tammy L. , Lee-Chavarria Diana , Harvey Jillian , Paranal Rechelle , Denmark Signe , Flume Patrick A. , Chimowitz Marc , Turan Tanya N.
Published: July 2023

Clinical trials are essential in the translation of biomedical discoveries to new clinical interventions and therapeutics. Successful multisite clinical trials require qualified site investigators with an understanding of the full spectrum of processes and requirements from trial identification through closeout. New site investigators may be deterred by competing demands on their time, the complexity of administrative and regulatory processes for trial initiation and conduct, and limited access to experienced mentor networks. We established a Clinical Trialist Training Program (CTTP) and complimentary Clinical Trials Bootcamp at our institution to address these barriers and increase the number of local site investigators enabled to lead successful clinical trials. An initial cohort of four CTTP scholars received salary support with protected time, didactic training, assistance with study identification and start-up navigation, and quarterly progress meetings. By the end of the 12-month program, this initial cohort identified 33 new trials, utilized feasibility assessments, and reported being on target to sustain their protected time from new clinical trials. Bootcamp attendees demonstrated increased knowledge of resources, offices, and processes associated with clinical trial conduct. Our results support providing compensated protected time, training, and access to experienced clinical research professionals to enable clinicians to become successful site investigators.
On Epistemically Useful Physical Computation
Authors: Schmitz Timothy
Published: July 2023

Piccinini’s usability constraint states that physical processes must have “physically constructible manifestation[s]” to be included in epistemically useful models of physical computation. But to determine what physical processes can be implemented in physical systems (as parts of computations), we must already know what physical processes can be implemented in physical systems (as parts of processes for constructing computing systems). We need additional assumptions about what qualifies as a building process. Piccinini implicitly assumes a classical computational understanding of executable processes, but this is an assumption imposed on physical theories and may artificially limit our picture of epistemically useful physical computation.
Cultural Racism and Ethnic Cleansing: The Islamic Republic of Iran and Minority Rights
Authors: Shams Said
Published: July 2023

The phenomenon of “political Islam” has been explored in several social theories. These accounts have mainly concentrated on the forms of violence that Islamists have instigated, but the racist drive that is often embedded within political Islam has remined overlooked and unexplored, that is, at least until recently when the brutal crimes by ISIS against Yazidis and Christians in northern Iraq were widely documented and broadcasted. Even so, this tendency has only been attributed to ISIS and extreme Jihadi groups, while states infused with Islamist ideology have remained relatively untouched by such critical analyses.

This article argues that most extant theoretical frameworks on political Islam do not adequately explain the often-latent racist trend in Islamist political ideology. By building off of Foucault's theory of biopolitics and genealogy of racism, it takes the Islamic Republic of Iran's policy against the Kurds as a case study to demonstrate how power shifts in favor of Islamist factions in early-1980s Iran legitimized a racist policy toward minorities in general and the Kurds in particular.
Association between consumption of sweeteners and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Li Huiping , Zhang Yeyuan , He Yujing , Huang Jianing , Yao Jie , Zhuang Xieyan
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to further investigate the relationship between sweetener exposure and the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). Up until December 2022, a literature search in an electronic database was carried out utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Scopus. The odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the results. Sweeteners were divided into nutritional sweeteners (generally refers to sugar, such as sucrose and glucose) and non-nutritional sweeteners (generally refers to artificial sweeteners, such saccharin and aspartame). Ten cohort studies and two case-control studies were eventually included. The study found that in 12 studies, compared with the non-exposed group, the incidence rate of EC in the sweetener exposed group was higher (OR = 1·15, 95 % CI = [1·07, 1·24]). Subgroup analysis showed that in 11 studies, the incidence rate of EC in the nutritional sweetener exposed group was higher than that in the non-exposed group (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI = [1·14, 1·38]). In 4 studies, there was no difference in the incidence rate of EC between individuals exposed to non-nutritional sweeteners and those who were not exposed to non-nutritional sweeteners (OR = 0·90, 95 % CI = [0·81, 1·01]). This study reported that the consumption of nutritional sweeteners may increase the risk of EC, whereas there was no significant relationship between the exposure of non-nutritional sweeteners and the incidence of EC. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to reduce the intake of nutritional sweeteners, but it is uncertain whether use of on-nutritional sweeteners instead of nutritional sweetener.
Does Party-System Fragmentation Affect the Quality of Democracy?
Authors: Valentim Vicente , Dinas Elias
Published: July 2023

Is the quality of democracy undermined or enhanced by party-system fragmentation? Addressing this question would help us better assess normative claims about electoral reforms. Yet, doing so is difficult because of endogeneity issues: party systems are endogenous to many other dynamics in a polity. We overcome this problem by putting forward an instrument for the number of parties in a system, based on the level of fragmentation added by parties that narrowly make it to parliament. We then test the effect of party-system fragmentation on the quality of democracy, drawing upon an extensive battery of outcomes. Against previous literature, we find that a higher number of parties leads to more fractionalized governments, but has no impact on other democratic outcomes. Subsample analyses suggest that fragmentation may have some effect in contexts of very high polarization, but we find no effect in other theoretically meaningful subsamples. Our results indicate that party-system fragmentation may have fewer normative implications than previously assumed.
First record of a benthic ctenophore in the Mexican Atlantic:Vallicula multiformis(Platyctenida, Coeloplanidae)
Authors: Puente-Tapia Francisco Alejandro , Ortigosa Deneb , Vital Xochitl G. , Palomino-Alvarez Lilian Abigaid
Published: July 2023

Ctenophores are one of the least known invertebrate phyla in Mexico, especially the benthic forms in which studies are incomplete and infrequent, lacking information about their ecology and diversity. As part of the environmental monitoring project ‘Biodiversidad Marina de Yucatán’ conducted in the southern Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean Sea, the benthic ctenophoreVallicula multiformis(Coeloplanidae) was identified in association with green algae in the southern Gulf of Mexico, and on an autonomous reef monitoring structure in the Mexican Caribbean Sea. This finding represents the first record of the occurrence of a benthic ctenophore species in Mexican waters. We provide morphological characteristics ofV. multiformisin both reef areas. Recording this species increases the known number of Mexican ctenophore fauna from 33 to 34 taxa and represents baseline information for the continuous study of the ecology and diversity of benthic ctenophores in Mexico.
Dynamics and steady state of squirmer motion in liquid crystal
Authors: Berlyand Leonid , Chi Hai , Potomkin Mykhailo , Yip Nung Kwan
Published: July 2023

We analyse a nonlinear partial differential equation system describing the motion of a microswimmer in a nematic liquid crystal environment. For the microswimmer’s motility, the squirmer model is used in which self-propulsion enters the model through the slip velocity on the microswimmer’s surface. The liquid crystal is described using the well-established Beris–Edwards formulation. In previous computational studies, it was shown that the squirmer, regardless of its initial configuration, eventually orients itself either parallel or perpendicular to the preferred orientation dictated by the liquid crystal. Furthermore, the corresponding solution of the coupled nonlinear system converges to a steady state. In this work, we rigorously establish the existence of steady state and also the finite-time existence for the time-dependent problem in a periodic domain. Finally, we will use a two-scale asymptotic expansion to derive a homogenised model for the collective swimming of squirmers as they reach their steady-state orientation and speed.
Akbar's religious world: the two reconstructions in Mobad's Dabistān
Authors: Habib Irfan
Published: July 2023

In the early 1650s in Mughal India ‘Mobad’ (Kaikhusrau Isfandyār) wrote a remarkable work, titled Dabistān, devoted to a description of the world's major religions. He adopted an avowedly objective approach that he strives to maintain throughout. An account of the religious tendencies under Akbar is offered in a long concluding chapter, dedicated to Islam. The account is given in two nearly totally different versions. In Version A, Akbar is credited with supernatural powers, with many anecdotes offered of their exercise. In Version B, all such anecdotes have been deleted and replaced by an extensive account of inter-religious debates held under Akbar, in which Christian (and Jewish) objections to Islamic traditions figure prominently. This version also seems to have been the major source of the belief current in later times that Akbar established a sect of his own under the designation of dīn-i ilāhī. In both versions the section on Akbar closes with the insightful observation that Akbar's policy of forming a nobility composed of diverse racial and religious elements was designed to protect the monarchy from any possibility of a unified aristocratic opposition.
Negative income tax and universal basic income in the eyes of Aiyagari
Authors: Chang Yongsung , Han Jong-Suk , Kim Sun-Bin
Published: July 2023

We compare two welfare programs: the universal basic income (UBI) and negative income tax (NIT). Under a linear income tax system, we show that (i) the NIT can replicate the allocation of the UBI exactly by providing an identical marginal effective tax schedule, and (ii) the budget of the NIT is always smaller than that of the UBI. According to our quantitative model, which is calibrated to approximate the income and wealth distributions in the United States, the optimal UBI is to pay everyone 7.2% of the average income. We also show that the NIT can achieve a similar average welfare with a much smaller budget (2.3% of the GDP) by providing a subsidy that is generous to the very poor and quickly phases out as income increases.
Das Wohl des Kindes bei Trennung und Scheidung
Authors: Staub Liselotte
Published: July 2023

Festlegung der Betreuungsanteile und der Eltern-Kind-Kontakte nach der Trennung der Eltern Welche Betreuungsform dem Kindeswohl im Einzelfall am besten entspricht, ist keine rechtliche Fragestellung. Für die Entscheidungsbehörden stellt daher im Konfliktfall die Bestimmung des umstrittenen Kindeswohls eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Ob beispielsweise eine geteilte Obhut gegen den Willen eines Elternteils dem Kindeswohl entspricht, lassen Entscheidungsbehörden zunehmend von psychologischen Sachverständigen beantworten. Gutachten sind aber nicht nur teuer, sondern auch belastend für alle Beteiligten. Mit diesem Buch soll ein Beitrag zur Entscheidungsbefähigung von Fachpersonen in entsprechenden Behörden geleistet werden. Diesen Fachleuten eröffnet es die Möglichkeit, sich über die wesentlichen Aspekte, Kriterien und deren Wechselwirkungen zu informieren und diese Aspekte angemessen zu gewichten, um schließlich zu einer Entscheidung zu gelangen. Darüber hinaus richtet sich das Buch an Gutachter*innen und an Psychotherapeut*innen, welche im Rahmen ihrer Tätigkeit mit getrennten Eltern und deren Kindern arbeiten. In die vorliegende zweite, überarbeitete Auflage wurden neue Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen der praktisch tätigen Autorin seit Erscheinen der ersten Auflage übernommen. So wird u.a. die Elternpersönlichkeit verstärkt gewichtet und die Beurteilung der Qualität eines Gutachtens erweitert diskutiert.
Grasp and Release Test for Tetraplegic Hand Assessment: an update of the Grasp and Release Test
Authors: Dunn Jennifer A. , Wangdell Johanna , Bryden Anne
Published: July 2023

The Grasp and Release Test (GRT) was originally developed to measure effectiveness of an implanted neuroprosthesis in people with tetraplegia. Its ease of use and lack of floor and ceiling effects culminated in recommendations for inclusion in a battery of tests to measure outcome following upper limb reconstructive surgery. However, the length of time taken to administer the GRT in a clinical setting, lack of instructions of accepted grasp patterns in the upper limb reconstructive surgery population and scoring procedures lead to differences in reporting outcomes using this measure. In order to ensure clinical utility for the upper limb reconstructive surgery population, revisions of the original test instructions have been made and are reported in this article. Further testing of the psychometric properties of the new measure are currently underway.
Satellite record reveals 1960s acceleration of Totten Ice Shelf in East Antarctica
Authors: Li Rongxing , Cheng Yuan , Chang Tian , Gwyther David E. , Forbes Martin , An Lu , Xia Menglian , Yuan Xiaohan , Qiao Gang , Tong Xiaohua , Ye Wenkai
Published: July 2023

Wilkes Land and Totten Glacier (TG) in East Antarctica (EA) have been losing ice mass significantly since 1989. There is a lack of knowledge of long-term mass balance in the region which hinders the estimation of its contribution to global sea level rise. Here we show that this acceleration trend in TG has occurred since the 1960s. We reconstruct ice flow velocity fields of 1963–1989 in TG from the first-generation satellite images of ARGON and Landsat-1&4, and build a five decade-long record of ice dynamics. We find a persistent long-term ice discharge rate of 68 ± 1 Gt/y and an acceleration of 0.17 ± 0.02 Gt/y2 from 1963 to 2018, making TG the greatest contributor to global sea level rise in EA. We attribute the long-term acceleration near grounding line from 1963 to 2018 to basal melting likely induced by warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water. The speed up in shelf front during 1973–1989 was caused by a large calving front retreat. As the current trend continues, intensified monitoring in the TG region is recommended in the next decades.
Engineered MED12 mutations drive leiomyoma-like transcriptional and metabolic programs by altering the 3D genome compartmentalization
Authors: Buyukcelebi Kadir , Chen Xintong , Abdula Fatih , Elkafas Hoda , Duval Alexander James , Ozturk Harun , Seker-Polat Fidan , Jin Qiushi , Yin Ping , Feng Yue , Bulun Serdar E. , Wei Jian Jun , Yue Feng , Adli Mazhar
Published: July 2023

Nearly 70% of Uterine fibroid (UF) tumors are driven by recurrentMED12hotspot mutations. Unfortunately, no cellular models could be generated because the mutant cells have lower fitness in 2D culture conditions. To address this, we employ CRISPR to precisely engineer MED12 Gly44 mutations in UF-relevant myometrial smooth muscle cells. The engineered mutant cells recapitulate several UF-like cellular, transcriptional, and metabolic alterations, including altered Tryptophan/kynurenine metabolism. The aberrant gene expression program in the mutant cells is, in part, driven by a substantial 3D genome compartmentalization switch. At the cellular level, the mutant cells gain enhanced proliferation rates in 3D spheres and form larger lesions in vivo with elevated production of collagen and extracellular matrix deposition. These findings indicate that the engineered cellular model faithfully models key features of UF tumors and provides a platform for the broader scientific community to characterize genomics of recurrent MED12 mutations.
Rotation related systematic effects in a cold atom interferometer onboard a Nadir pointing satellite
Authors: Beaufils Quentin , Lefebve Julien , Baptista Joel Gomes , Piccon Raphaël , Cambier Valentin , Sidorenkov Leonid A. , Fallet Christine , Lévèque Thomas , Merlet Sébastien , Pereira Dos Santos Franck
Published: July 2023

We study the effects of rotations on a cold atom accelerometer onboard a Nadir pointing satellite. A simulation of the satellite attitude combined with a calculation of the phase of the cold atom interferometer allow us to evaluate the noise and bias induced by rotations. In particular, we evaluate the effects associated to the active compensation of the rotation due to Nadir pointing. This study was realized in the context of the preliminary study phase of the CARIOQA Quantum Pathfinder Mission.
Regular rhythmic primes improve sentence repetition in children with developmental language disorder
Authors: Fiveash Anna , Ladányi Enikő , Camici Julie , Chidiac Karen , Bush Catherine T. , Canette Laure-Hélène , Bedoin Nathalie , Gordon Reyna L. , Tillmann Barbara
Published: July 2023

Recently reported links between rhythm and grammar processing have opened new perspectives for using rhythm in clinical interventions for children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Previous research using the rhythmic priming paradigm has shown improved performance on language tasks after regular rhythmic primes compared to control conditions. However, this research has been limited to effects of rhythmic priming on grammaticality judgments. The current study investigated whether regular rhythmic primes could also benefit sentence repetition, a task requiring proficiency in complex syntax—an area of difficultly for children with DLD. Regular rhythmic primes improved sentence repetition performance compared to irregular rhythmic primes in children with DLD and with typical development—an effect that did not occur with a non-linguistic control task. These findings suggest processing overlap for musical rhythm and linguistic syntax, with implications for the use of rhythmic stimulation for treatment of children with DLD in clinical research and practice.
A soil database from Queretaro, Mexico for assessment of crop and irrigation water requirements
Authors: Morales-Durán Nami , Fuentes Sebastián , Chávez Carlos
Published: July 2023

Several studies have assessed crop water requirements based on soil properties, but these have been on a small scale or on soils with similar textures. Here, a data base of soil measurements in the field and laboratory from sites across Irrigation District 023, San Juan del Rio, Queretaro, Mexico was sampled, collected, analyzed, and integrated. The data base, named, NaneSoil, contains information on 900 samples obtained from irrigated plots. NaneSoil cover 10 of the 12 textural classes with the following information: sand, silt, clay contents, bulk density, saturated volumetric water content, field capacity, permanent wilting point and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The aim of this work is to provide the scientific community with sufficient information to perform a large number of analyses, for example, development of pedotransfer functions, calculation of water requirements of plants in soils with similar characteristics, modeling of infiltration, optimal irrigation discharge calculation, among others. The dataset also promotes the scientific community to contribute their own measurements to further strengthen the knowledge of flow in the porous medium.
Effectiveness of bowel preparation innovative technology instructions (BPITIs) on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wonggom Parichat , Rattanakanokchai Siwanon , Suebkinorn Orathai
Published: July 2023

To evaluate the effectiveness of bowel preparation innovative technology instructions (BPITIs) among patients undergoing colonoscopy. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs from inception to February 28, 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool and GRADE were used to assess RoB and certainty of evidence, respectively. Meta-analyses with random-effects model were used for analysis. This review included 47 RCTs (84 records). Seven BPITIs were found among included studies: (1) mobile apps, (2) VDO stream from personal devices, (3) VDO stream from a hospital device, (4) SMS re-education, (5) telephone re-education, (6) computer-based education, and (7) web-based education. The findings demonstrate that BPITIs have a slight impact on adherence to overall instructions (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.13–1.28; moderate-certainty evidence), adequate bowel preparation (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13; low-certainty evidence), and quality of bowel preparation score (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.52; low-certainty evidence) compared to routine care. BPITIs may enhance the clinical outcomes. Due to the low-certainty evidence and heterogeneity of the included studies, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Well-designed and reported RCTs are required to confirm the findings.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021217846.
A quantum computing approach for minimum loss problems in electrical distribution networks
Authors: Silva Filipe F. C. , Carvalho Pedro M. S. , Ferreira Luís A. F. M.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents an application of a novel quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulation to the minimum loss problem in distribution networks. The proposed QUBO formulation was conceived to be employed in quantum annealing—a quantum computing paradigm useful for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Quantum annealing is expected to provide better and/or faster solutions to optimization problems when compared to the ones provided by classical computers. With the problem at stake, better solutions result in lower energy losses, and faster solutions contribute to the same outcome given the future need for frequent reconfiguration of distribution networks to accommodate highly volatile demand, as anticipated by recent low-carbon solutions. The paper presents the results obtained through a hybrid quantum-classical solver for a standard 33-node test network and compares them with the ones obtained from classical solvers. Our main conclusion is that quantum annealing has potential to show advantage in the near future in terms of solution quality and time-to-solution, as quantum annealers and hybrid solvers continue to improve their performance.
Classifying interpersonal synchronization states using a data-driven approach: implications for social interaction understanding
Authors: Yozevitch Roi , Dahan Anat , Seada Talia , Appel Daniel , Gvirts Hila
Published: July 2023

This study presents a data-driven approach to identifying interpersonal motor synchrony states by analyzing hand movements captured from a 3D depth camera. Utilizing a single frame from the experiment, an XGBoost machine learning model was employed to differentiate between spontaneous and intentional synchrony modes with nearly $$90\%$$

90
%

accuracy. Our findings demonstrate a consistent pattern across subjects, revealing that movement velocity tends to be slower in synchrony modes. These insights support the notion that the relationship between velocity and synchrony is influenced by the cognitive load required for the task, with slower movements leading to higher synchrony in tasks demanding higher cognitive load. This work not only contributes to the limited literature on algorithms for identifying interpersonal synchrony but also has potential implications for developing new metrics to assess real-time human social interactions, understanding social interaction, and diagnosing and developing treatment strategies for social deficits associated with conditions such as Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Radon progeny measurements in a ventilated filter system to study respiratory-supported exposure
Authors: Papenfuß Franziska , Maier Andreas , Sternkopf Sonja , Fournier Claudia , Kraft Gerhard , Friedrich Thomas
Published: July 2023

Radon (222Rn) and its progeny are responsible for half of the annual dose from natural radiation and the most frequent cause for lung cancer induction after smoking. During inhalation, progeny nuclides accumulate in the respiratory tract while most of the radon gas is exhaled. The decay of progeny nuclides in the lung together with the high radiosensitivity of this tissue lead to equivalent doses implying a significant cancer risk. Here, we use gamma spectroscopy to measure the attachment of radon progeny on an air-ventilated filter system within a radon enriched atmosphere, mimicking the respiratory tract. A mathematical model was developed to describe the measured time-dependent activities of radon progeny on the filter system. We verified a linear relation between the ambient radon activity concentration during exposure and the amount of decay products on the filter system. The measured activities on the filters and its mathematical description are in good agreement. The developed experimental set-up can thus serve to further investigate the deposition of radon progeny in the respiratory tract under varying conditions for determination of dose conversion factors in radiation protection, which we demonstrate by deriving dose estimations in mouse lung.
Pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptor 2 signaling does not affect LPS/IFN-γ-induced microglial activation
Authors: Olabiyi Bolanle Fatimat , Schmoele Anne-Caroline , Beins Eva Carolina , Zimmer Andreas
Published: July 2023

Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) signaling modulates microglial responses to inflammatory stimuli. Our previous studies demonstrated that genetic deletion of CB2 inhibits microglial activation during inflammatory stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) or in neurodegenerative conditions. However, we cannot exclude developmental effects of the constitutive CB2 knockout (CB2−/−), which could mediate compensatory outcomes in CB2−/− mice. In the present study, we therefore tested whether acute pharmacological inhibition of CB2 receptor has a similar effect on microglial activation as in CB2−/− in response to inflammatory stimulation. Our findings suggest that the CB2-specific antagonist SR144528 has little or no effect on LPS/IFN-γ-induced activation in primary microglia or organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at nanomolar concentrations. We show that SR144528 did not alter LPS/IFN-γ-mediated microglial cytokine secretion, Iba1 and CD68 staining intensity or morphology at 1 and 10 nM. Although SR144528 suppressed LPS/IFN-γ-induced microglial activation at 1 µM, this anti-inflammatory effect was not dependent on CB2 receptors and exceeded the Ki on CB2 receptors by more than a thousand-fold. Thus, SR144528 does not mimic the anti-inflammatory effects observed in the CB2−/− microglia after LPS/IFN-γ stimulation. Therefore, we propose that the deletion of CB2 probably triggered an adaptive mechanism, making microglia less responsive to inflammatory stimulation.
A multi-strategy improved tree–seed algorithm for numerical optimization and engineering optimization problems
Authors: Liu Jingsen , Hou Yanlin , Li Yu , Zhou Huan
Published: July 2023

Tree–seed algorithm is a stochastic search algorithm with superior performance suitable for solving continuous optimization problems. However, it is also prone to fall into local optimum and slow in convergence. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved tree–seed algorithm based on pattern search, dimension permutation, and elimination update mechanism (PDSTSA). Firstly, a global optimization strategy based on pattern search is used to promote detection ability. Secondly, in order to maintain the diversity of the population, a random mutation strategy of individual dimension replacement is introduced. Finally, the elimination and update mechanism based on inferior trees is introduced in the middle and later stages of the iteration. Subsequently, PDSTSA is compared with seven representative algorithms on the IEEE CEC2015 test function for simulation experiments and convergence curve analysis. The experimental results indicate that PDSTSA has better optimization accuracy and convergence speed than other comparison algorithms. Then, the Wilcoxon rank sum test demonstrates that there is a significant difference between the optimization results of PDSTSA and each comparison algorithm. In addition, the results of eight algorithms for solving engineering constrained optimization problems further prove the feasibility, practicability, and superiority of PDSTSA.
Operando ESR observation in thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yumoto Shintaro , Katsumata Junya , Osawa Fumiya , Wada Yoshimasa , Suzuki Katsuaki , Kaji Hironori , Marumoto Kazuhiro
Published: July 2023

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have advantages over OLEDs using conventional fluorescent materials or high-cost phosphorescent materials, including higher efficiency and lower cost. To attain further high device performance, clarifying internal charge states in OLEDs at a microscopic viewpoint is crucial; however, only a few such studies have been performed. Here, we report a microscopic investigation into internal charge states in OLEDs with a TADF material by electron spin resonance (ESR) at a molecular level. We observed operando ESR signals of the OLEDs and identified their origins due to a hole-transport material PEDOT:PSS, gap states at an electron-injection layer, and a host material CBP in the light-emitting layer by performing density functional theory calculation and studying thin films used in the OLEDs. The ESR intensity varied with increasing applied bias before and after the light emission. We find leakage electrons in the OLED at a molecular level, which is suppressed by a further electron-blocking layer MoO3 between the PEDOT:PSS and light-emitting layer, resulting in the enhancement of luminance with a low-voltage drive. Such microscopic information and applying our method to other OLEDs will further improve the OLED performance from the microscopic viewpoint.