bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processing of unmanned underwater vehicle vector magnetometer data
Authors: Oehler J.‐F. , Schifano V. , Marquis G. , Reiller H. , Lucas S. , Bougeault C.
Published: July 2024

Marine magnetometry very close to the targeted sources, even in very deep waters, is today a reality with the advent of autonomous underwater vehicles. We argue that a successful approach is to fully integrate the magnetometer onboard the autonomous underwater vehicle and to deal with its static magnetic noise, that is induced and permanent fields of the drone, with a 3‐axis vector measurement of the Earth's magnetic field. This argument is supported by results from three magnetic surveys performed with different fluxgate magnetic sensors embedded in autonomous underwater vehicles of increasing sizes. They show that simple specifically defined figures of merit coupled to an optimized scalar calibration procedure derived from aeromagnetic and satellite‐borne developments produce reliable magnetic measurements from autonomous underwater vehicles for geophysical mapping or detection applications. Results are impressive and show that even weak magnetic anomalies smaller than 10 nT can be highlighted even though the magnetic signatures of autonomous underwater vehicles can be orders of magnitude higher.
Children picturing their own worlds: Using photovoice to amplify children’s voice in sociological research
Authors: Ferraro A. C. , Maher Erin J.
Published: July 2024

This research note highlights an emerging transdisciplinary research method—photovoice—and why it is particularly suited for sociological studies of children and youth. Traditional social science data collection methods can be limited in their ability to capture both the depth and breadth of childhood experiences and children's perceptions of their experiences. We describe an emerging method, photovoice, that is used more frequently in other disciplines, and its suitability for sociologically studying youth and children. We describe the limitations of traditional social science methods and how photovoice can help overcome some of these limitations. Photovoice engages participants as lived experts who contribute to both the data collection and analysis in an individual and collective manner. Through taking photos and discussing their meaning, participants can share abstract feelings and discuss sensitive topics in an imaginative format and express themselves creatively. We describe how previous research has used photovoice to work with youth from vulnerable circumstances and those who have experienced trauma as well as demonstrate how photovoice is well situated to bolster the tenets of sociological research.
Effect of peptide‐binding motif on survival of HLA‐haploidentical transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide
Authors: Ido Kentaro , Nakamae Hirohisa , Hattori Norimichi , Kanaya Minoru , Morita Kaoru , Hino Masayuki , Ohigashi Hiroyuki , Fukuda Takahiro , Eto Tetsuya , Nagafuji Koji , Hiramoto Nobuhiro , Maruyama Yumiko , Ota Shuichi , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Ando Toshihiko , Akasaka Takashi , Mori Yasuo , Kamimura Tomohiko , Kawakita Toshiro , Kawamura Koji , Kanda Junya , Onizuka Makoto , Atsuta Yoshiko , Murata Makoto
Published: July 2024

Peptide‐binding motif (PBM) model, a hierarchical clustering of HLA class I based on their binding specificity, was developed to predict immunopeptidome divergence. The effect of PBM mismatches on outcomes is unknown in HLA‐haploidentical haematopoietic cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy‐haplo). We therefore conducted a retrospective study using national registry data in PTCy‐haplo. Overall, 1352 patients were included in the study. PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch was associated with an increased risk of overall mortality in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.50; p = 0.010). None of relapse, non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and graft‐versus‐host disease showed significant differences according to PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch status in the entire cohort. The impact of PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch on overall survival (OS) was preserved within the HLA‐A genotype bidirectional mismatch population, and their lower OS stemmed from higher relapse rate in this population. The worse OS due to high NRM with PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch was prominent in lymphoid malignancies receiving reduced‐intensity conditioning. The PBM model may predict outcomes more accurately than HLA genotype mismatches. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the presence of PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch elevated the risk of mortality of PTCy‐haplo. Avoiding PBM‐A bidirectional mismatch might achieve better outcomes in PTCy‐haplo.
Re‐examining mandatory drug testing in Australian prisons
Authors: Chan Jocelyn , Stoové Mark , Cook Jon , Naren Thileepan
Published: July 2024

Mandatory drug testing is commonly used in Australian prisons to detect and deter drug use. In this commentary, we review the limited evidence for mandatory drug testing programs, highlight potential harms associated with their implementation and provide recommendations for drug surveillance in prisons concordant with a harm minimisation framework.
Emerging Ideas. Family estrangement and its association with life satisfaction and depressiveness in adulthood
Authors: Hank Karsten
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim was (a) to assess the association between family estrangement and psychological well‐being in adulthood, (b) to investigate potential differences in this association by type of relationship (intergenerational vs. siblings), and (c) to assess whether estrangement from multiple family relations (parents and siblings) is associated with cumulative disadvantage.

Background

Family estrangement is a quantitatively relevant phenomenon, whose association with psychological well‐being in adulthood has been insufficiently investigated.

Method

Analysis of data from the German Family Panel (pairfam; N = 5,245) involved running ordinary least squares regressions on the association between previous experiences of family estrangement (in Waves 5, 7, 9, and 11) with respondents' (aged 24–48 years) life satisfaction and depressiveness in Wave 11.

Results

Family estrangement was negatively correlated with psychological well‐being. The strength of this relationship did not substantially differ by type of relationship (parents vs. siblings). Associations were strongest if estrangement from both parental and sibling ties was reported.

Conclusion

Family estrangement is significantly associated with reduced psychological well‐being. This applies to vertical and horizontal ties in the family system. Co‐occurrence of estrangement from parents and siblings bears particularly strong negative relationships with psychological well‐being.

Implications

Researchers and practitioners should consider spillovers of estrangement processes among family members and be aware of cumulative disadvantages this might bring about.
Eggs on a plate: Population‐dependent effects of humic substance rich water on perch egg size and hatching success
Authors: Noreikiene Kristina , Aavik Karl‐Erik , Kahar Siim , Lauringson Magnus , Taube Konrad , Diaz‐Suarez Alfonso , Gross Riho , Vasemägi Anti
Published: July 2024

The ability of fish to sustain environmental perturbations during fragile early‐life stages can be of vital importance for populations and species facing rapid global environmental change. One of the potential challenges for aquatic organisms, including teleost fish, is rising concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in freshwater environments, known as brownification, which causes a cascade of changes including a decreased visibility and pH. Conversely, humic substances are increasingly recognised for their potential antimicrobial and immunostimulant properties. The questions remain whether exposure to humic waters high in DOC during the development causes significant perturbation, and to what extent genetic and parental factors may maintain optimal development in such a possibly challenging environment.

To address these questions, we generated pure and hybrid (inter‐population) crosses of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) originating from clear‐water and humic lakes. Fertilised eggs from each cross were exposed to natural humic and clear‐water lake water. Intra‐chorionic space diameter (embryo diameter) and hatching success were recorded.

Perch embryos successfully developed even in a small volume of water (5 mL) and majority hatched (70%) by 13 day post‐fertilisation. Embryo diameter was influenced by the interaction between cross type and treatment where embryos with maternal clear‐water origin were smaller than embryos of humic water origin in both clear‐water and humic water treatments. The probability of hatching was not related to female size, but rather to embryo diameter at the eyed stage and the interaction between cross type and treatment, resulting in pure clear‐water crosses hatching earlier and at higher numbers.

Our study shows that effects of humic water are not uniformally negative in perch and discloses population‐dependent responses to humic water exposure during development. Our experimental design also illustrates the utility of multi‐well plates for conducting complex high‐throughput experiments beyond traditional model species and opens new possibilities for testing perch genotype–environment associations in early‐life traits.

Taken together, results of this study add to the growing evidence that humic substances may have complex effects on fish during early life, motivating further investigations on their role in shaping natural phenotypes and potential use in the applied sector.
Climate change vulnerability of Arctic char across Scandinavia
Authors: Muhlfeld Clint C. , Cline Timothy J. , Finstad Anders G. , Hessen Dag O. , Perrin Sam , Thaulow Jens , Whited Diane , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn
Published: July 2024

Climate change is anticipated to cause species to shift their ranges upward and poleward, yet space for tracking suitable habitat conditions may be limited for range‐restricted species at the highest elevations and latitudes of the globe. Consequently, range‐restricted species inhabiting Arctic freshwater ecosystems, where global warming is most pronounced, face the challenge of coping with changing abiotic and biotic conditions or risk extinction. Here, we use an extensive fish community and environmental dataset for 1762 lakes sampled across Scandinavia (mid‐1990s) to evaluate the climate vulnerability of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), the world's most cold‐adapted and northernly distributed freshwater fish. Machine learning models show that abiotic and biotic factors strongly predict the occurrence of Arctic char across the region with an overall accuracy of 89 percent. Arctic char is less likely to occur in lakes with warm summer temperatures, high dissolved organic carbon levels (i.e., browning), and presence of northern pike (Esox lucius). Importantly, climate warming impacts are moderated by habitat (i.e., lake area) and amplified by the presence of competitors and/or predators (i.e., northern pike). Climate warming projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario indicate that 81% of extant populations are at high risk of extirpation by 2080. Highly vulnerable populations occur across their range, particularly near the southern range limit and at lower elevations, with potential refugia found in some mountainous and coastal regions. Our findings highlight that range shifts may give way to range contractions for this cold‐water specialist, indicating the need for pro‐active conservation and mitigation efforts to avoid the loss of Arctic freshwater biodiversity.
Cryo‐EM structure and biochemical analyses of the nucleosome containing the cancer‐associated histone H3 mutation E97K
Authors: Kimura Tomoaki , Hirai Seiya , Kujirai Tomoya , Fujita Risa , Ogasawara Mitsuo , Ehara Haruhiko , Sekine Shun‐ichi , Takizawa Yoshimasa , Kurumizaka Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

The Lys mutation of the canonical histone H3.1 Glu97 residue (H3E97K) is found in cancer cells. Previous biochemical analyses revealed that the nucleosome containing the H3E97K mutation is extremely unstable as compared to the wild‐type nucleosome. However, the mechanism by which the H3E97K mutation causes nucleosome instability has not been clarified yet. In the present study, the cryo‐electron microscopy structure of the nucleosome containing the H3E97K mutation revealed that the entry/exit DNA regions of the H3E97K nucleosome are disordered, probably by detachment of the nucleosomal DNA from the H3 N‐terminal regions. This may change the intra‐molecular amino acid interactions with the replaced H3 Lys97 residue, inducing structural distortion around the mutated position in the nucleosome. Consistent with the nucleosomal DNA end flexibility and the nucleosome instability, the H3E97K mutation exhibited reduced binding of linker histone H1 to the nucleosome, defective activation of PRC2 (the essential methyltransferase for facultative heterochromatin formation) with a poly‐nucleosome, and enhanced nucleosome transcription by RNA polymerase II.
Understanding CRT and its implications for family science
Authors: Dow Dawn M. , Gordon Mellissa S.
Published: July 2024

Family science has been slow to incorporate critical race theory (CRT) into research on family experiences and outcomes. Discussions of CRT often reduce it to one idea when it is comprised of several key tenets, including the social construction of race, racism as normal and commonplace, critiques of the liberal state, interest convergence, counterstorytelling, intersectionality and anti‐essentialism, and Whiteness as a form of property. CRT scholars share the aim of investigating the creation, maintenance, and reproduction of regimes of White supremacy that subordinate people of color, and how such regimes might be transformed. Responding to amplified attention to racial injustices and structural racism, The National Council on Family Relations journals published special issues in 2022, inviting family scholars to submit scholarship engaging with a range of critical frameworks examining racial inequities within families, including CRT. However, many family scientists have limited exposure to CRT in their training and know little about its origins, tenets, applications, and contributions to various disciplines. There is also little understanding of the consequences of not using CRT approaches to enhance our understanding of families and what can be gained from using it. This article describes CRT's origins and key tenets scholars use in their research alongside examples of family science and related research using CRT to examine the impact of structural racism and racial inequality on the family. The article concludes by discussing how a more robust and sustained engagement with the analytical, methodological, and theoretical frameworks of CRT would enhance our understanding of families.
Racial‐ethnic stratification in work–family arrangements among Black, Hispanic, and white couples
Authors: Pessin Léa , Pojman Elena Maria
Published: July 2024

Objective

This article builds on work–family scholarship to document racial‐ethnic variation in couples' work–family arrangements, that is, how couples respond to their work and family demands.

Background

Existing research on the division of labor finds traditional gender norms continue to dictate how couples share paid and unpaid work in the United States. Yet, this narrative relies primarily on the structural conditions and cultural expectations of white and middle‐class women. Black and Hispanic women and men face different labor market opportunities and hold different cultural expectations about gendered responsibilities in families.

Method

The authors use the 2017–2019 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu) and multi‐group latent‐class analysis to determine typical work–family arrangements for paid work, housework, and care work among U.S. different‐sex racially homogamous Black, Hispanic, and white couples, as well as how the prevalence of these arrangements vary across race‐ethnicity and life‐course stage.

Results

Black, Hispanic, and white couples respond to their work–family demands through one of six work–family arrangements depending on how partners spend time in adult care, childcare, housework, and paid work. Childcare and paid work emerge as stratifying mechanisms of how couples spend their time. Specifically, racial‐ethnic differences in distribution across work–family arrangement are large and greatest when couples have young children.

Implications

This article provides support for a couple‐level and life‐course approach to explaining how couples spend their time in work and family domains across racial‐ethnic lines.
Personal trauma history and secondary traumatic stress in mental health professionals: A systematic review
Authors: Henderson Anita , Jewell Tom , Huang Xia , Simpson Alan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Caring for those who have been traumatized can place mental health professionals at risk of secondary traumatic stress, particularly in those with their own experience of personal trauma.

Aim

To identify the prevalence of personal trauma history and secondary traumatic stress in mental health professionals and whether there is an association between these two variables in mental health professionals.

Method

We preregistered the review with PROSPERO (CRD42022322939) and followed PRISMA guidelines. Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and CINHAL were searched up until 17th August 2023. Articles were included if they assessed both personal trauma history and secondary traumatic stress in mental health professionals. Data on the prevalence and association between these variables were extracted. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using an adapted form of the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.

Results

A total of 23 studies were included. Prevalence of personal trauma history ranged from 19%–81%, secondary traumatic stress ranged from 19% to 70%. Eighteen studies reported on the association between personal trauma history and secondary traumatic stress, with 14 out of 18 studies finding a statistically significant positive relationship between these variables. The majority of studies were of fair methodological quality.

Discussion

Mental health professionals with a personal history of trauma are at heightened risk of suffering from secondary traumatic stress.

Implications for Practice

Targeted support should be provided to professionals to prevent and/or address secondary traumatic stress in the workforce.
Ego‐planning‐guided multi‐graph convolutional network for heterogeneous agent trajectory prediction
Authors: Sheng Zihao , Huang Zilin , Chen Sikai
Published: July 2024

Accurate prediction of the future trajectories of traffic agents is a critical aspect of autonomous vehicle navigation. However, most existing approaches focus on predicting trajectories from a static roadside perspective, ignoring the influence of autonomous vehicles’ future plans on neighboring traffic agents. To address this challenge, this paper introduces EPG‐MGCN, an ego‐planning‐guided multi‐graph convolutional network. EPG‐MGCN leverages graph convolutional networks and ego‐planning guidance to predict the trajectories of heterogeneous traffic agents near the ego vehicle. The model captures interactions through multiple graph topologies from four distinct perspectives: distance, visibility, ego planning, and category. Additionally, it encodes the ego vehicle's planning information via the planning graph and a planning‐guided prediction module. The model is evaluated on three challenging trajectory datasets: ApolloScape, nuScenes, and next generation simulation (NGSIM). Comparative evaluations against mainstream methods demonstrate its superior predictive capabilities and inference speed.
Linking physiology and demographics, non‐ocular pathology and pharmaceutical drug use to standard OCT measures of the inner retina: The PPP project
Authors: Trinh Matt , O. Kelly , La Melanie , Ly Angelica
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To assess the associations between physiology and demographics, non‐ocular pathology and pharmaceutical drug use against peri‐papillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL T) and other optical coherence tomography (OCT) inner retinal measures in normal, healthy eyes.

Methods

A retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 705 consecutive participants with bilateral normal, healthy optic nerves and maculae. PRNFL Ts, vertical cup/disc ratio (CDR), cup volume and macular ganglion cell layer‐inner plexiform layer (GCL‐IPL) Ts were extracted from Cirrus OCT scans, then regressed against predictor variables of participants' physiology and demographics (eye laterality, refraction, intraocular pressure [IOP], age, sex, race/ethnicity, etc.) and non‐ocular pathology and pharmaceutical drug use according to the World Health Organisation classifications. Associations were assessed for statistical significance (p < 0.05) and clinical significance (|β| > 95% limits of agreement for repeated measures).

Results

A multitude of non‐ocular pathology and pharmaceutical drug use were statistically and clinically significantly associated with deviations in standard OCT inner retinal measures, exceeding the magnitude of other factors such as age, IOP and race/ethnicity. Thinner inner retina and larger optic nerve cup measures were linked to use of systemic corticosteroids, sex hormones/modulators, presence of vasomotor/allergic rhinitis and other diseases and drugs (up to −29.3 [−49.88, −8.72] μm pRNFL T, 0.31 [0.07, 0.54] vertical CDR, 0.29 [0.03, 0.54] mm3 cup volume and −10.18 [−16.62, −3.74] μm macular GCL‐IPL T; all p < 0.05). Thicker inner retina and smaller optic nerve cup measures were diffusely associated with use of antineoplastic agents, presence of liver or urinary diseases and other diseases and drugs (up to 67.12 [64.92, 69.31] μm pRNFL T, −0.31 [−0.53, −0.09] vertical CDR, −0.06 [−0.11, 0] mm3 cup volume and 28.84 [14.51, 43.17] μm macular GCL‐IPL T; all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There are a multitude of systemic diseases and drugs associated with altered OCT inner retinal measures, with magnitudes far exceeding those of other factors such as age, IOP and race/ethnicity. These systemic factors should at least be considered during OCT assessments to ensure precise interpretation of normal versus pathological inner retinal health.
Endless loop tachycardia among patients with devices having advanced preventive algorithms: A case series and brief review
Authors: Bera Debabrata , Halder Antareep , Ray Adrita , Bhattacharyya Debdatta , Bhattacharyya Kuntal , Agarwal Kishan Kumar , Mukherjee Sanjeev S. , Majumder Suchit , Joshi Radhey Shyam , Choudhury Saroj Kumar , Kar Ayan
Published: July 2024

Background

Endless loop tachycardia (ELT) is the commonest pacemaker mediated tachycardia (PMT) encountered among patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Despite being enabled with various preventive algorithms, we encountered several cases having recurrent, long, and symptomatic ELT.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive device checkups at device clinic at a single center of eastern India between January 2019 to March 2023.

Results

There were 20 cases of confirmed and sustained ELT among 4520 device checks. Although mostly benign, in two cases ELT led to clinical worsening in patients having left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Even with good ventricular function, ELT resulted in improper atrioventricular (AV) synchrony leading to disabling symptom in one case. The differentiation of ELT from sinus tachycardia and atrial tachycardia (AT) was not always easy. Magnet application is certainly useful to differentiate. The situations that provoked ELT in this study were—long AV delays, VIP (ventricular intrinsic preferences)/MVP (managed ventricular pacing), atrial non‐capture, atrial under/over sensing, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)/couplets, premature atrial contractions (PAC) and slower ventriculo‐atrial (VA) conduction. Rate responsive shortening of post‐ventricular atrial refractory period (PVARP) also promoted its occurrence and hindered troubleshooting. When ELT occurred despite post‐PVC extension of PVARP, lowering the atrial sensitivity, switching to bipolar sensing and manual setting of longer PVARP after measuring VA conduction time were useful. “Rate responsive PVARP” had to be turned off in a few cases to prevent ELT. On the contrary, an over aggressive prolongation of PVARP led to repetitive non‐reentrant ventriculo‐atrial synchrony (RNRVAS) in two cases. Checking VA conduction during implantation and noninvasive program stimulation (NIPS) during follow up were useful to check the tendency for ELT.

Conclusion

Clinically significant ELT is rare but not uncommon among devices having in‐built preventive algorithms. Manual adjustments are often useful to troubleshoot the same.
HHV‐8‐associated diseases in transplantation: A case report and narrative review focused on diagnosis and prevention
Authors: Kates Olivia S. , McDade Heather , Tinney Francis J. , Weeks‐Groh Sharon R. , Lurain Kathryn
Published: July 2024

Background

Human herpes virus 8 (HHV‐8) or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is an opportunistic oncovirus that causes multiple pathologic entities.

Methods

We present a case of fatal HHV‐8‐associated multisystem illness with disseminated Kaposi sarcoma and HHV8‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder with systemic inflammation. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on HHV‐8 in transplantation with a goal of illuminating the spectrum of HHV‐8‐associated diseases in this vulnerable population, modes of disease transmission, and the potential role for donor and recipient screening.

Results

HHV‐8‐associated KS, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine disorder (KICS) may affect transplant recipients; with the exception of KS, these conditions are rare but carry high morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion

HHV‐8‐associated diseases have diverse and protean manifestations in transplant recipients, with potentially fatal outcomes. HHV‐8 seroprevalence among organ donors and the magnitude of risk for donor‐derived HHV‐8 infection or clinically significant disease remain unknown and require further study.

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The OsMYC2–JA feedback loop regulates diurnal flower‐opening time via cell wall loosening in rice
Authors: Zhu Xiaopei , Wang Mumei , Huang Zhen , Chen Minghao , Xu Peng , Liao Shitang , Gao Yannan , Zhao Yongzhen , Chen Huixuan , He Jiahui , Luo Yutong , Wei Xiaoying , Zhu Liya , Liu Chuanhe , Huang Jilei , Zhao Xinhui , Zhao Junliang , Zhang Zemin , Zhuang Chuxiong , Liu Zhenlan , Zhou Hai
Published: July 2024

Diurnal flower‐opening time (DFOT), the time of spikelet opening during the day, is an important trait for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed production. Hybrids between indica and japonica rice varieties have strong heterosis, but the parental lines usually have different, nonoverlapping DFOTs. This reduces the success of hybrid seed production in crosses between indica and japonica subspecies, thus hindering the utilization of indica and japonica inter‐subspecies heterosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating DFOT in rice. Here, we obtained japonica rice lines with a DFOT 1.5 h earlier than the wild type by overexpressing OsMYC2, a gene encoding a key transcription factor in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. OsMYC2 is activated by JA signaling and directly regulates the transcription of genes related to JA biosynthesis and cell wall metabolism. Overexpressing OsMYC2 led to significantly increased JA contents and decreased cellulose and hemicellulose contents in lodicule cells, as well as the softening of lodicule cell walls. This may facilitate the swelling of lodicules, resulting in early diurnal flower‐opening. These results suggest that the OsMYC2–JA feedback loop regulates DFOT in rice via cell wall remodeling. These findings shed light on the understanding of regulatory mechanism of the DFOT of plants, which should promote the development of indica and japonica varieties suitable for hybrid rice breeding.
Evolutionary and immune‐activating character analyses of NLR genes in algae suggest the ancient origin of plant intracellular immune receptors
Authors: Feng Xing‐Yu , Li Qian , Liu Yang , Zhang Yan‐Mei , Shao Zhu‐Qing
Published: July 2024

Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular immune receptors in plants, responsible for detecting invading pathogens and initiating defense responses. While previous studies on the evolution and function of NLR genes were mainly limited to land plants, the evolutionary trajectory and immune‐activating character of NLR genes in algae remain less explored. In this study, genome‐wide NLR gene analysis was conducted on 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes and seven charophyte species across five classes. A few but variable number of NLR genes, ranging from one to 20, were identified in five chlorophytes and three charophytes, whereas no NLR gene was identified from the remaining algal genomes. Compared with land plants, algal genomes possess fewer or usually no NLR genes, implying that the expansion of NLR genes in land plants can be attributed to their adaptation to the more complex terrestrial pathogen environments. Through phylogenetic analysis, domain composition analysis, and conserved motifs profiling of the NBS domain, we detected shared and lineage‐specific features between NLR genes in algae and land plants, supporting the common origin and continuous evolution of green plant NLR genes. Immune‐activation assays revealed that both TNL and RNL proteins from green algae can elicit hypersensitive responses in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating the molecular basis for immune activation has emerged in the early evolutionary stage of different types of NLR proteins. In summary, the results from this study suggest that NLR proteins may have taken a role as intracellular immune receptors in the common ancestor of green plants.
Impact of a cell salvage device on blood transfusions to dogs undergoing surgery at a referral veterinary hospital
Authors: Comas Collgros Núria , Zapridis Vasilis , Godolphin Janet Diana , Bacon Nicholas
Published: July 2024

Objective

To determine the number of homologous blood transfusions received by canine surgical patients after introducing a cell salvage device (CSD), trends in surgeries requiring blood transfusion, and the incidence of transfusion reactions.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Single referral hospital.

Animals

All dogs having surgery at a single center (November 2015 to February 2021).

Interventions

Medical records of dogs having surgical treatment, including those that received either an autologous or homologous blood transfusion, were reviewed. The surgical patients were the baseline population, and the 2 transfusion groups were compared within this population to analyze the trends.

Main Results

A total of 37 and 86 dogs received autologous and homologous blood transfusions, respectively. There was an upward trend in the number of total monthly blood transfusions. No significant increase in the monthly number of homologous transfusions was observed before or after acquisition of the CSD. There was also an upward trend in total monthly surgeries, including those with higher risks of hemorrhage. Dogs receiving homologous blood transfusions had a higher incidence of clinical signs consistent with transfusion reactions (6.98%).

Conclusions

An upward trend in autologous blood transfusions was seen with the introduction of a CSD. Hospitals with large surgical caseloads at high risk of hemorrhage may see a decreased need for outsourced blood products with the use of the CSD. The device can lead to a more responsible use of an increasingly scarce resource and decrease the risk of a blood transfusion reaction in dogs.
Effective removal of gadolinium with hemodialysis in a dog with severe acute on chronic kidney injury
Authors: Gordon Daniel S. , Langston Cathy E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To describe the use of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) to remove gadolinium (28.1 mg/kg dose) in a dog with severe kidney disease.

Case Summary

A 12‐year‐old neutered female Yorkshire Terrier presented with severe acute‐on‐chronic kidney injury and concurrent neurological signs. The dog received extracorporeal therapy as part of management. Uremia improved after hemodialysis, but central nervous system signs persisted; therefore, a contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed, immediately followed by IHD. Two IHD treatments with a low‐flux dialyzer were performed 1.5 and 25.75 hours after administration of gadolinium, with almost complete removal of gadolinium. More than 96% of gadolinium was removed with a single treatment.

New or Unique Information Provided

Extracorporeal therapy is effective at removing gadolinium‐based chelated contrast agents and could be considered if magnetic resonance imaging is indicated in a patient with substantial kidney impairment. Alternatively, newer contrast agents that have been deemed safer in this patient population could be used.
Serial paired arterial and jugular venous point‐of‐care values in dogs undergoing manual basic life support
Authors: Hoehne Sabrina N. , Hopper Kate , Rezende Marlis L. , Borchers Angela , Epstein Steven E.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate differences in point‐of‐care (POC) variables obtained from arterial and jugular venous blood in dogs undergoing manual basic life support (BLS) and report changes over time.

Design

Experimental study.

Setting

Small animal research facility.

Animals

Twenty‐four purpose‐bred research dogs.

Interventions

Dogs were anesthetized, and arterial catheters were placed before euthanasia. One minute after cardiopulmonary arrest, BLS consisting of manual chest compressions and ventilation delivered via endotracheal intubation, face mask, mouth‐to‐nose, or no ventilation was initiated. Paired arterial and jugular venous blood samples were obtained for POC testing before euthanasia (T0), at 3 minutes (T3), and at 6 minutes (T6) into BLS.

Measurements and Main Results

The association of POC variables with arterial or venous sample type while controlling for type of ventilation and sampling timepoint was determined using a generalized linear mixed model. Variables obtained from arterial and venous blood samples were compared over time using repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman test. Pao2, anion gap, potassium, chloride, glucose concentration, and PCV were significantly higher in arterial blood samples compared with venous samples (P < 0.03). By T6, arterial glucose concentration, arterial and venous base excess, venous pH, and plasma lactate, potassium, creatinine, bicarbonate, and sodium concentrations were significantly increased, and arterial and venous Po2, ionized calcium concentration, PCV, and total plasma protein concentration were significantly decreased from T0 (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Although statistically significant, arteriovenous differences and changes in POC blood variables during BLS were small and not clinically relevant over time. Given the challenges of arterial blood sampling, it may be reasonable to pursue venous blood sampling during CPR. Further studies in dogs undergoing BLS and advanced life support are needed to better understand the potential clinical role of POC testing during CPR.
Towards Turán's polynomial conjecture
Authors: Banerjee Pradipto , Kundu Amit
Published: July 2024

We revisit an old problem posed by P. Turán asking whether there exists an absolute constant such that if with , then there is a polynomial with and the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients of is less than or equal to such that the sum is irreducible over . In 1970, A. Schinzel obtained a partial answer establishing the existence of an for with where is the sum of the squares of the coefficients of . Schinzel's result was further refined by P. Banerjee and M. Filaseta in 2010, obtaining with an absolute implied constant. The main contribution of the current work lies in establishing the existence of for with a significantly improved upper bound on . For instance, our main result implies the existence of an explicit for with , where the implied constant is absolute.
Knee tuberculosis in the context of MALT lymphoma: the diagnostic role of ultrasound and CEUS. A case report.
Authors: Fodor Daniela , Pelea Michael , Badarinza Maria , Georgiu Carmen , Serban Oana
Published: July 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) arthritis remains a diagnostic challenge. In addition to clinical presentation, the use of imaging techniques and confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential. We present the case of a 69-year-old female in whom the diagnosis of knee TB arthritis was simultaneously established with the diagnosis of MALT lymphoma. This case report aims to highlight the role of multimodal ultrasound (US) in both diagnosis and its utility in interventional procedures, such as aspiration and synovial biopsy.
Open charm production cross section from combined LHC experiments in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 5.02$$ TeV
Authors: Bierlich Christian , Wilkinson Jeremy , Sun Jiayin , Manca Giulia , de Cassagnac Raphael Granier , Otwinowski Jacek
Published: July 2024

Open charm production in proton–proton collisions represents an important tool to investigate some of the most fundamental aspects of quantum chromodynamics, from the partonic mechanisms of heavy-quark production to the process of heavy-quark hadronisation. Over the last decade, the measurement of the production cross sections of charm mesons and baryons in proton–proton (pp) collisions was at the centre of a wide experimental effort at the Large Hadron Collider. Thanks to the complementarity of the different experiments, the production of charm hadrons was measured over a wide transverse momentum region and in different rapidity ranges. In this paper, the measurements of the charm hadrons $$D^{0}$$

D
0

, $$D^{*+}$$

D

∗
+

, $$D^{+}$$

D
+

, $$D^{+}_{s}$$

D
s
+

, $$\Lambda _{c}^{+}$$

Λ

c

+

and $$\Xi _{c}^{0}$$

Ξ

c

0

performed by the ALICE, CMS and LHCb collaborations in pp collisions at the centre-of-mass energy $$\sqrt{s}=5.02$$

s

=
5.02

TeV are combined to determine the total charm quark production cross section $$\sigma _{c\bar{c}}$$

σ

c

c

¯

in a novel data-driven approach. The resulting total $$c\overline{c}$$

c

c
¯

cross section is $$\begin{aligned} \begin{aligned} \sigma _{c\overline{c}} ({\textrm{pp}},5.02\,{\textrm{TeV}}) ={}&8.34 \pm 0.22\mathrm { (stat.) } {}^{+0.37}_{-0.37} \mathrm { (syst.) } {}^{+0.36}_{-0.46} \mathrm { (extr.) } {}^{+0.68}_{-0} (\Omega _c) \,{\text {mb}}. \end{aligned} \end{aligned}$$

σ

c

c
¯

(
pp
,
5.02

TeV
)

=

8.34
±
0.22

(
stat
.
)

-
0.37

+
0.37

(
syst
.
)

-
0.46

+
0.36

(
extr
.
)

-
0

+
0.68

(

Ω
c

)

mb
.

The measured charm hadron distributions and corresponding cross sections are compared with the most recent theoretical calculations.
Prevalence and Angiographic Outcomes of Rescue Intracranial Stenting in Large Vessel Occlusion Following Stroke Thrombectomy – STRATIS
Authors: Saber Hamidreza , Froehler Michael T. , Zaidat Osama O. , Aziz‐Sultan Ali , Klucznik Richard P. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Sanossian Nerses , Hellinger Frank R. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Yao Tom L. , Jahan Reza , Haussen Diogo C. , Nogueira Raul G. , Mueller‐Kronast Nils H. , Liebeskind David S. ,   the STRATIS Investigators
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Large vessel occlusion secondary to underlying intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD‐LVO) has an estimated prevalence of 7% to30%. There is a large variation in the use of intracranial rescue stenting in interventional practice. We aimed to characterize the frequency and characteristics of intracranial rescue stenting in a large cohort of endovascular therapy for stroke.

METHODS

The Systematic Evaluation of Patients Treated With Stroke Devices for Acute Ischemic Stroke (STRATIS) angiography core lab adjudicated the location of the occlusion, hyperdense vessel sign on initial imaging, the use of angioplasty and stenting, and imaging outcomes following endovascular therapy. Underlying cause of stroke was categorized into intracranial atherosclerosis, cardioembolic, and other subtypes. Statistical analyses examined the relationship between intracranial rescue stenting and imaging outcomes including intracranial hemorrhage, and arterial reperfusion using expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction reperfusion score in patients with ICAD‐LVO.

RESULTS

Among 978 patients with LVO stroke undergoing endovascular therapy, 91 (9.3%) patients had ICAD‐LVO. Baseline hyperdense vessel sign was observed among 44 (62.7%) with ICAD versus 178 (68.2%) with cardioembolic LVO (
P
=
0.4). Final successful reperfusion (expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b50 or more) was significantly lower among ICAD‐LVO as compared with cardioembolic‐LVO (74.2% versus 87.5%;
P
= 0.007). Intracranial rescue stenting was used among 14/665 (2.1%) of patients with LVO (5 ICA terminus, 7 M1 middle cerebral artery, 1 M2 middle cerebral artery, 1 proximal basilar artery). Among 14 intracranial rescue stenting cases, 5/70 (7.1%) belonged to the ICAD group, 3/261 (1.1%) cardioembolic group, and 6/334 (1.8%) in other or undetermined group. Successful reperfusion following rescue stenting was achieved in all cases with ICAD‐LVO. Among ICAD‐LVO, the rate of 24 hours symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was 0% with acute intracranial stenting versus 7.7% in the nonstenting subgroup.

CONCLUSION

In STRATIS, nearly 1 of every 11 thrombectomies were performed in patients with underlying ICAD, among whom 7.1% underwent rescue intracranial stenting concomitant with thrombectomy. Acute intracranial stenting as rescue therapy in ICAD‐LVO was associated with favorable angiographic outcomes and low symptomatic hemorrhage rates.
MINT Registry: Rationale and Study Design
Authors: Limaye Kaustubh , Kasab Sami Al , Dolia Jaydevsinh , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Duarte Daniel Vela , Doss Vinodh , Lahoti Sourabh , Hasan David , Spiotta Alejandro , Asi Khaled , Saini Vasu , Mehta Tapan , Hassan Ameer , Haussen Diogo , Yavagal Dileep , Jones Jesse , Tanweer Omar , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: July 2024

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy has become the standard of care for treatment of acute ischemic stroke secondary to large‐vessel occlusion up to 24 hours from last known normal time. Multiple different techniques for mechanical thrombectomy have been described, including a direct aspiration first‐pass technique and stent retriever thrombectomy. With a direct aspiration first‐pass technique, classically, a large‐bore aspiration catheter is delivered over a microcatheter and microwire to the clot. Recently, a novel macrowire has been introduced as a potential alternative to the use of microwire–microcatheter to allow the delivery of the aspiration catheter. The aim of this study is to develop a multicenter registry comparing delivery of an aspiration catheter for intracranial thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to emergent large‐vessel occlusion over a macrowire in comparison with traditional use of microcatheter and microwire.

Methods

MINT (Macrowire for Intracranial Thrombectomy) is a multicenter, observational study currently enrolling patients with large‐vessel occlusion who underwent mechanical thrombectomy using a macrowire to deliver the aspiration catheter to the intracranial occlusion. All the participating sites will screen and report cases on a monthly basis. The decision to use the macrowire and various aspiration catheters is at the discretion of the interventionalist.

Results

We will collect patient's clinical, demographic, and radiographic data. In addition, we plan to collect procedure variables and postprocedure clinical and imaging data. Outcomes include successful delivery of the reperfusion catheter to the clot interface, time taken from groin access to first pass, and a bailout strategy for thrombectomy in cases where this is not feasible.

Conclusion

The MINT registry will add to our understanding of safety and efficacy of this novel macrowire in intracranial thrombectomy. This registry will also highlight and allow for understanding in workflow improvements from simplifying setup and possibly cost effectiveness of this technique.
On a new genus and seven species of Chrysillini from China (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae)
Authors: YANG ZHIYONG , WANG WEIHANG , ZHANG JUNXIA
Published: July 2024

A new genus of chrysilline jumping spiders, Qingattus gen. nov., is established for a new species from southern China: Qingattus wulan spec. nov. (♂♀). Three other new species of Chrysillini are described: Heliophanoides ultramarine spec. nov. (♂♀), Phintella chunfen spec. nov. (♂) and P. yi spec. nov. (♂). Newly recorded from China are Cosmophasis ombria (Thorell, 1877) (♂♀), Heliophanus chovdensis Prószyński, 1982 (♂♀), and Okinawicius tokarensis (Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987) (♂♀).
First record of Mimogonus fumator (Fauvel, 1889) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae) in the USA, with a synopsis of the Osoriinae of the Southeastern USA
Authors: PANDOLFI ALESSANDRA , KELLY SANDOR , IRMLER ULRICH , BOHLEN PATRICK
Published: July 2024

The discovery of Mimogonus fumator (Fauvel, 1889) in a suburban area in Central Florida marks the first record of this pantropical species in the United States of America. This finding emphasizes the critical significance of insect monitoring in urban environments, as it unveils the potential for detecting non-native and potentially invasive species accidentally transported through soil and ornamental plants. A taxonomic key and distributional checklist for the known species of the subfamily Osoriinae in the Southeastern United States are also provided. These resources aim to enhance our understanding of the regional insect fauna and provide useful tools for future detection.
A review of Malipatilius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae), with a checklist of Lygaeoidea occurring in the Papuan Subregion
Authors: KONDOROSY ELŐD , KOVÁCS SZILVIA , SCHMIDT PÉTER
Published: July 2024

The genus Malipatilius Kondorosy, 2013 is redescribed, 8 new species are described (M. batantensis sp. nov., M. bodisjuditae sp. nov., M. horvathi sp. nov., M. macrops sp. nov., M. microps sp. nov., M. minutus sp. nov., M. pilosus sp. nov. and M. szentivanyi sp. nov.) (the authorship is Kondorosy & Schmidt for all species) from the Papuan Subregion. The genus is compared with other genera of Drymini (Rhyparochromidae: Rhyparochrominae) and its species are keyed. Malipatilius forticornis (Gross, 1965) is recorded for the first time from New South Wales (Australia). A checklist of the Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of the Papuan Subregion (New Guinea with surrounding islands) is given, totalling 215 species, 155 of which are endemic, compared with 53 species of Pyrrhocoroidea and 184 species of Coreoidea from this Subregion.
The Oriental species of the genus Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae)
Authors: SELIS MARCO , NGUYEN LIEN THI PHUONG
Published: July 2024

The species of the genus Pseudonortonia Giordani Soika, 1936 occurring in the Oriental region are revised. Three new species, namely Pseudonortonia camarinensis sp. nov., Pseudonortonia incola sp. nov., and Pseudonortonia lamellata sp. nov., are described; Pseudonortonia bhamensis flavolimbata Giordani Soika, 1986 is raised to species rank (Pseudonortonia flavolimbata stat. nov.); Pseudonortonia pretiosissima Giordani Soika, 1943 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Tachyancistrocerus komarowi (Morawitz, 1885), and Pseudonortonia crassipunctata Gusenleitner, 2001 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Pseudonortonia abbreviaticornis Giordani Soika, 1941; Pseudonortonia accliva (Gusenleitner, 2007) comb. nov. and Symmorphus jucundus (Gusenleitner, 2008) comb. nov. are new combinations. A key to the Oriental species of Pseudonortonia is provided.