bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Brazilian Test of Brittle Materials Using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Chen J. J. , Guo B. Q. , Liu H. B. , Liu H. , Chen P. W.
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the dynamic tensile properties of brittle materials were studied by using the dynamic Brazilian tests. Combined with a high‐speed photographic system, a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) was used to conduct dynamic Brazilian tests on three brittle materials: Al2O3 ceramic, granite and poly(methyl methacrylate). Based on the images recorded by a high‐speed camera, the displacement and strain fields were obtained by the digital image correlation method. The dynamic deformation and failure of the brittle materials were analysed. The rate‐related dynamic tensile strength of the three brittle materials was also determined and analysed. The results show that the dynamic Brazilian test is an effective method to study the dynamic tensile properties of brittle materials.
A novel KIR2DL3 allele, KIR2DL3*027, identified in an individual from a southern Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhen J.‐X. , Deng Z.‐H.
Published: October 2014

KIR2DL3*027 differs from the closest allele KIR2DL3*00101 by a nonsynonymous mutation in exon 7.
OsLOL1, a C2C2‐type zinc finger protein, interacts with OsbZIP58 to promote seed germination through the modulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in Oryza sativa
Authors: Wu Jiahe , Zhu Chuanfeng , Pang Jinhuan , Zhang Xiangrong , Yang Chunlin , Xia Guixian , Tian Yingchuan , He Chaozu
Published: October 2014

Seed germination is a key developmental process in the plant life cycle that is influenced by various environmental cues and phytohormones through gene expression and a series of metabolism pathways. In the present study, we investigated a C2C2‐type finger protein, OsLOL1, which promotes gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and affects seed germination in Oryza sativa (rice). We used OsLOL1 antisense and sense transgenic lines to explore OsLOL1 functions. Seed germination timing in antisense plants was restored to wild type when exogenous GA3 was applied. The reduced expression of the GA biosynthesis gene OsKO2 and the accumulation of ent‐kaurene were observed during germination in antisense plants. Based on yeast two‐hybrid and firefly luciferase complementation analyses, OsLOL1 interacted with the basic leucine zipper protein OsbZIP58. The results from electrophoretic mobility shift and dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that OsbZIP58 binds the G‐box cis‐element of the OsKO2 promoter and activates LUC reporter gene expression, and that interaction between OsLOL1 and OsbZIP58 activates OsKO2 gene expression. In addition, OsLOL1 decreased SOD1 gene expression and accelerated programmed cell death (PCD) in the aleurone layer of rice grains. These findings demonstrate that the interaction between OsLOL1 and OsbZIP58 influences GA biosynthesis through the activation of OsKO2 via OsbZIP58, thereby stimulating aleurone PCD and seed germination.
Offshoring and Home Country R&D
Authors: Karpaty Patrik , Tingvall Patrik Gustavsson
Published: October 2014

National concerns are occasionally raised against offshoring economic activities to other countries. While most of the existing literature has focused on the effects on labour demand and productivity, the effects on domestic R&D have largely been neglected. Using Swedish firm‐level data, we analyse the effects of material offshoring on the R&D intensity of domestic firms. The results suggest that the overall impact of offshoring on R&D is negative. The negative effect on home country R&D stems from offshoring by small firms from other high‐income countries. Conversely, offshoring increases home country R&D among large firms. As large firms perform the bulk of Swedish R&D, the net effect of offshoring on R&D is positive.
Conservative management of bilateral pneumoparotitis with sialendoscopy and steroid irrigation
Authors: Konstantinidis Iordanis , Chatziavramidis Angelos , Constantinidis Jannis
Published: October 2014

Pneumoparotitis is a rare condition related to retrograde airflow into the ductal system of the gland and secondary infections. Although counselling is enough in the majority of cases, persistent problems require surgery. Sialendoscopy and ductal irrigation with steroids have never been described as a treatment option. We present the case of a 61-year-old man with recurrent bilateral parotid swellings who had three episodes of sialadenitis on the right side within 2 years. Massage of the glands revealed air bubbles coming out from both papillae. A previous CT scan confirmed the presence of air in both parotid glands. The patient underwent sialendoscopy and irrigation of the ductal system with prednisolone. Ductal irrigation with steroids in three additional sessions led to a significant improvement of symptoms 6 months later. Sialendoscopy and irrigation with steroids could be another treatment modality in cases of recurrent pneumoparotitis avoiding major surgery.
Dural arteriovenous fistula (D-AVF): a rare cause of symmetrical bithalamic changes with free diffusivity changes
Authors: Bhogal Pervinder , Duxbury Oliver , Rangi Prem
Published: October 2014

We report a rare case of an encephalopathic presentation of a posterior fossa dural arteriovenous fistula with concomitant florid symmetrical bithalamic free diffusivity changes on MRI in a previously healthy individual. We describe the structural and functional imaging findings and the role of catheter angiography in diagnosis, prognostication and the timing and strategy in the management of this challenging vascular entity.
On additive representation functions
Authors: Balasubramanian R. , Giri Sumit
Published: October 2014

Let 𝒜 = {a1 < a2 < a3 < ⋯ < an < ⋯} be an infinite sequence of nonnegative integers and let R2(n) = |{(i, j) : ai + aj = n; ai, aj ∈ 𝒜; i ≤ j}|. We define [Formula: see text]. We prove that if the L∞-norm of [Formula: see text] is small, then the L1-norm of [Formula: see text] is large.
Adsorptive performance for methylene blue of magnetic Ni@activated carbon nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Panfeng , Xu Jingcai , Zhang Beibei , Li Jing , Jin Hongxiao , Jin Dingfeng , Peng Xiaoling , Hong Bo , Gong Jie , Ge Hongliang , Wang Xinqing
Published: October 2014

Owing to the unique microporous structure and high specific surface area, activated carbon (AC) can act as a good candidate for functional materials. In this paper, Ni @AC magnetic nanocomposites with excellent magnetic response are synthesized by the hydrothermal method. All Ni @AC nanocomposites present ferromagnetism and Ni nanoparticles exist in the pores of AC. The saturation magnetization (Ms) increases with the increasing content of Ni , while the specific surface area and pore volume decrease. The S-50 sample possesses the parameters of the specific surface area of 1156.8 m2 ⋅ g-1 and Ms of 3.5 emu/g. Furthermore, the methylene blue (MB) removal analysis indicates that 99% MB can be adsorbed in 50 min. The as-prepared Ni @AC nanocomposites present good adsorptive capacity of MB and can be separated easily from water by magnetic separation technique.
SEARCHING FOR LANDMINES IN EQUITY MARKETS
Authors: CHANG BI-JUAN , CHANG JOW-RAN , HUNG MAO-WEI
Published: October 2014

Distressed firms in equity markets are like landmines in the battlefields due to their undetectability and devastating effects. This paper is concerned with distressed firms forecasting by the distance-to-default (DTD) and rare event logit (REL) models via public available data. Comparing these two models by cumulative accuracy profiles (CAP) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we conclude that the REL model performs better than the DTD model. The data contains US-listed firms on the S&P 500 for the period January 1986 to December 2012, including 2138 companies and 271,912 firm months, with 444 distressed firms. We set the dynamic thresholds as the last 6% of firms based on the historical cross-section distress rates. Upon Bayesian posterior probability examination, the REL model shows about 40–60% affinity with S&P Domestic Long Term Issuer Credit Rating records on average, and the rate increases to 70% in some situations. We conclude that the REL model can be a good warning indicator of distress in firms at least three years ahead.
Nonuniform Deployment of Autonomous Agents in Harbor-Like Environments
Authors: Miah Suruz , Nguyen Bao , Bourque François-Alex , Spinello Davide
Published: October 2014

We propose a nonuniform deployment strategy of a group of homogeneous autonomous agents in harbor-like environments. High value units berthed in the area need to be secured against external attacks. Defenders deployed in the area are expected to monitor, intercept, engage, and neutralize threats. In the framework of decentralized coordinated multi-agent systems, we model and simulate the optimal deployment of a group of mobile autonomous agents that accounts for a risk map of the area and the optimal trajectories that minimize the energy consumed to intercept a threat in a given area of interest. Theoretical results are numerically illustrated through simulations in a realistic harbor protection scenario.
Kitsune
Authors: Hayden Christopher M. , Saur Karla , Smith Edward K. , Hicks Michael , Foster Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2014

Dynamic software updating (DSU) systems facilitate software updates to running programs, thereby permitting developers to add features and fix bugs without downtime. This article introduces Kitsune, a DSU system for C. Kitsune’s design has three notable features. First, Kitsune updates the whole program, rather than individual functions, using a mechanism that places no restrictions on data representations or allowed compiler optimizations. Second, Kitsune makes the important aspects of updating explicit in the program text, making the program’s semantics easy to understand while minimizing programmer effort. Finally, the programmer can write simple specifications to direct Kitsune to generate code that traverses and transforms old-version state for use by new code; such state transformation is often necessary and is significantly more difficult in prior DSU systems. We have used Kitsune to update six popular, open-source, single- and multithreaded programs and find that few program changes are required to use Kitsune, that it incurs essentially no performance overhead, and that update times are fast.
Understanding Intrinsic Diversity in Web Search
Authors: Raman Karthik , Bennett Paul N. , Collins-Thompson Kevyn
Published: October 2014

Current research on Web search has focused on optimizing and evaluating single queries. However, a significant fraction of user queries are part of more complex tasks [Jones and Klinkner 2008] which span multiple queries across one or more search sessions [Liu and Belkin 2010; Kotov et al. 2011]. An ideal search engine would not only retrieve relevant results for a user's particular query but also be able to identify when the user is engaged in a more complex task and aid the user in completing that task [Morris et al. 2008; Agichtein et al. 2012]. Toward optimizing whole-session or task relevance, we characterize and address the problem of
intrinsic diversity
(ID) in retrieval [Radlinski et al. 2009], a type of complex task that requires multiple interactions with current search engines. Unlike existing work on extrinsic diversity [Carbonell and Goldstein 1998; Zhai et al. 2003; Chen and Karger 2006] that deals with ambiguity in intent across multiple users, ID queries often have little ambiguity in intent but seek content covering a variety of aspects on a shared theme. In such scenarios, the underlying needs are typically exploratory, comparative, or breadth-oriented in nature. We identify and address three key problems for ID retrieval: identifying authentic examples of ID tasks from post-hoc analysis of behavioral signals in search logs; learning to identify initiator queries that mark the start of an ID search task; and given an initiator query, predicting which content to prefetch and rank.
Spontaneous oscillatory activity in rd1 mouse retina is transferred from ON pathway to OFF pathway via glycinergic synapse
Authors: Poria Deepak , Dhingra Narender K.
Published: October 2014

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) spike randomly in the dark and carry information about visual stimuli to the brain via specific spike patterns. However, following photoreceptor loss, both ON and OFF type of RGCs exhibit spontaneous oscillatory spike activity, which reduces the quality of information they can carry. Furthermore, it is not clear how the oscillatory activity would interact with the experimental treatment approaches designed to produce artificial vision. The oscillatory activity is considered to originate in ON-cone bipolar cells, AII amacrine cells, and/or their synaptic interactions. However, it is unknown how the oscillatory activity is generated in OFF RGCs. We tested the hypothesis that oscillatory activity is transferred from the ON pathway to the OFF pathway via the glycinergic AII amacrine cells. Using extracellular loose-patch and whole cell patch recordings, we recorded oscillatory activity in ON and OFF RGCs and studied their response to strychnine, a specific glycine receptor blocker. The cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye, and their dendritic stratification in inner plexiform layer was studied using confocal microscopy. Application of strychnine resulted in abolition of the oscillatory burst activity in OFF RGCs but not in ON RGCs, implying that oscillatory activity is generated in ON pathway and is transferred to OFF pathway, likely via the glycinergic AII amacrine cells. We found oscillatory activity in RGCs as early as postnatal day 12 in rd1 mouse, when rod degeneration has started but cones are still intact. This suggests that the oscillatory activity in rd1 mouse retina originates in rod pathway.
Region-Based Image-Fusion Framework for Compressive Imaging
Authors: Chen Yang , Qin Zheng
Published: October 2014

A novel region-based image-fusion framework for compressive imaging (CI) and its implementation scheme are proposed. Unlike previous works on conventional image fusion, we consider both compression capability on sensor side and intelligent understanding of the image contents in the image fusion. Firstly, the compressed sensing theory and normalized cut theory are introduced. Then region-based image-fusion framework for compressive imaging is proposed and its corresponding fusion scheme is constructed. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed scheme delivers superior performance over traditional compressive image-fusion schemes in terms of both object metrics and visual quality.
Minimally Invasive Colorectal Resection in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Technical Tips, Short- and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Alasari Sami , Kim Min Sung , Baik Seung Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Kim Nam Kyu
Published: October 2014

Aim. To prove the safety and feasibility of minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robotic) colorectal resection in kidney recipients by evaluating the technical protocol and reviewing short- and long-term outcomes. Methods. Between May 2007 and August 2012, a retrospective review of ten kidney transplant patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer was evaluated for technical tips, short- and long-term outcomes. Results. The mean patients’ age was 56.8 ± 9.91 years and 50% of them were male. Anterior and low anterior resections were performed in 40% of the patients each; 20% and 10% of the patients underwent right and left hemicolectomy, respectively. Most (90%) procedures were performed laparoscopically and 10% were performed robotically. No open conversions. Mean operating time was 192.5 ± 15 min, blood loss was 30 ± 50 mL, and mean hospital stay was 9.7 ± 5.5 days. Two (20%) patients had postoperative complications: wound seroma and chyloperitoneum. Over a mean follow-up period of 31.4 ± 21.57 months, no mortality or kidney rejection occurred. Among the six patients followed up for a mean of 43.5 ± 9.84 months, 83.3% were 3-year disease-free and the overall survival rate was 100%. Conclusion. Minimally invasive colorectal resection is likely to be safe and feasible, with fewer complications and acceptable short- and long-term outcomes, in kidney transplant recipients.
Effect of ASF (a Compound of Traditional Chinese Medicine) on Behavioral Sensitization Induced by Ethanol and Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Authors: Wen Da-chao , Li Yi-bei , Hu Xiao-Yu , Lin Wu , Jia Ling-yan , Zhong Sen
Published: October 2014

ASF composed by semen and epimedium herbal is a traditional plant compound that is widely used in the treatment of insomnia. Studies have shown that saponins and flavonoids contained in semen can significantly decrease the content of excitatory neurotransmitter Glu in mice. And the total flavone of YinYangHuo can increase the release of GABA in the anterior periventricular system of rat and increase the affinity of GABA for the receptors GABAA. It can be inferred that their synergism may have effect on the neurotransmitter that causes behavioral sensitization and conditioned place preference in experimental animals and affects their drinking behaviors, which is the starting point of this research. The present study found that ASF can inhibit development and expression of behavioral sensitization induced by ethanol and the development of CPP in mice. We demonstrate the inhibition of ASF on behavioral sensitization partly due to its effect on the mesolimbic neurotransmitter system, including decreasing level of DA and Glu and increasing the content of GABA. It suggested that the ASF may have pharmacological effects in the treatment of alcohol addiction.
Solving Delay Differential Equations of Small and Vanishing Lag Using Multistep Block Method
Authors: Abdul Aziz Nurul Huda , Abdul Majid Zanariah , Ismail Fudziah
Published: October 2014

This paper considers the numerical solution of delay differential equations for solving the problem of small and vanishing lag using multistep block method. This problem arises when the size of a delay value is smaller than the step size,x-τ<h, and the delay time may even vanish whenτ→0in a current step. The proposed approach that is based on interpolation of Newton divided difference has been implemented by adapting this problem to the multistep block method. In order to achieve the required accuracy, this approach considered the appropriate degree of interpolation polynomial in approximating the solution of delay term. The developed code for solving small and vanishing lag is done using C program and we called it as DDEB5. TheP-stability andQ-stability of this method are also studied. Numerical results are presented and compared to the existing method in order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Prevalence of Orthodontic Treatment Need and Occlusal Traits in Schoolchildren
Authors: Jamilian Abdolreza , Darnahal Alireza , Damani Elnaz , Talaeipour Maziar , Kamali Zinat
Published: October 2014

Background. Widespread use of the IOTN along with detailed study of occlusal traits is suitable for planning community dental health resources.
Objectives. The aim of current study was to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among school children of Tehran by means of the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and also to evaluate the occlusal traits of the subjects. Methods. 684 (343 boys and 341 girls) school children, 15 to 17 years of age, were selected at random from 12 schools to represent the four main areas of Tehran. The final sample who met the inclusion criteria comprised 643 subjects (322 males and 321 females). Malocclusion was determined with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. The IOTN grades were statistically compared in the two genders using chi-square test. Results. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in only 9.0 per cent of the children. The prevalence of Angle Class I malocclusion in this study was higher than other malocclusions (65.2 per cent), followed by crowding in 62.7 per cent of the subjects. Conclusion. Orthodontic treatment need for Tehran high school students was relatively lower than that reported in most recent studies in Europe.
Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sun Huihui , Yi Lisha , Wu Ping , Li Yingjie , Luo Bin , Xu Shuchang
Published: October 2014

Background/Aims. Patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) were known to have higher prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Western countries, but data on the impact of GERD on DM patients in our country are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of GERD in type II DM patients in Shanghai, China, and to explore its possible risk factors.Methods. 775 type II DM cases were randomly collected. Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) was used to check the presence of GERD. Patients’ characteristics, laboratory data, face-to-face interview, nerve conduction study, and needle electromyogram (EMG) test were analyzed.Results. 16% patients were found with typical GERD symptoms. Pathophysiological factors such as peripheral neuropathy, metabolism syndrome, and obesity were found to have no significant differences between GERD and non-GERD type II DM patients in the present study.Conclusion. The prevalence of GERD in type II DM patients is higher than that in adult inhabitants in Shanghai, China. No difference in pathophysiological factors, such as peripheral neuropathy, and metabolism syndrome was found in DM-GERD patients, suggesting that further study and efforts are needed to explore deeper the potential risk factors for the high prevalence rate of GERD in DM patients.
A Novel Feature Selection Technique for Text Classification Using Naïve Bayes
Authors: Dey Sarkar Subhajit , Goswami Saptarsi , Agarwal Aman , Aktar Javed
Published: October 2014

With the proliferation of unstructured data, text classification or text categorization has found many applications in topic classification, sentiment analysis, authorship identification, spam detection, and so on. There are many classification algorithms available. Naïve Bayes remains one of the oldest and most popular classifiers. On one hand, implementation of naïve Bayes is simple and, on the other hand, this also requires fewer amounts of training data. From the literature review, it is found that naïve Bayes performs poorly compared to other classifiers in text classification. As a result, this makes the naïve Bayes classifier unusable in spite of the simplicity and intuitiveness of the model. In this paper, we propose a two-step feature selection method based on firstly a univariate feature selection and then feature clustering, where we use the univariate feature selection method to reduce the search space and then apply clustering to select relatively independent feature sets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by a thorough evaluation and comparison over 13 datasets. The performance improvement thus achieved makes naïve Bayes comparable or superior to other classifiers. The proposed algorithm is shown to outperform other traditional methods like greedy search based wrapper or CFS.
A Dufort-Frankel Difference Scheme for Two-Dimensional Sine-Gordon Equation
Authors: Liang Zongqi , Yan Yubin , Cai Guorong
Published: October 2014

A standard Crank-Nicolson finite-difference scheme and a Dufort-Frankel finite-difference scheme are introduced to solve two-dimensional damped and undamped sine-Gordon equations. The stability and convergence of the numerical methods are considered. To avoid solving the nonlinear system, the predictor-corrector techniques are applied in the numerical methods. Numerical examples are given to show that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results.
Readmission Rates and Long-Term Hospital Costs Among Survivors of an In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chan Paul S. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Curtis Lesley H. , Li Yan , Hammill Bradley G. , Spertus John A.
Published: October 2014

Background—

Although an in-hospital cardiac arrest is common, little is known about readmission patterns and an inpatient resource use among survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results—

Within a large national registry, we examined long-term inpatient use among 6972 adults aged ≥65 years who survived an in-hospital cardiac arrest. We examined 30-day and 1-year readmission rates and inpatient costs, overall and by patient demographics, hospital disposition (discharge destination), and neurological status at discharge. The mean age was 75.8±7.0 years, 56% were men, and 12% were black. There were a total of 2005 readmissions during the first 30 days (cumulative incidence rate, 35 readmissions/100 patients; 95% confidence interval, 33–37) and 8751 readmissions at 1 year (cumulative incidence rate, 185 readmissions/100 patients; 95% confidence interval, 177–190). Overall, mean inpatient costs were $7741±$2323 at 30 days and $18 629±$9411 at 1 year. Thirty-day inpatient costs were higher in patients of younger age (≥85 years, $6052 [reference]; 75–84 years, $7444 [adjusted cost ratio, 1.23; 1.06–1.42; 65–74 years, $8291 [adjusted cost ratio, 1.37; 1.19–1.59; both
P
<0.001) and black race (whites, $7413; blacks, $9044; adjusted cost ratio, 1.22; 1.05–1.42;
P
<0.001), as well as those discharged with severe neurological disability or to skilled nursing or rehabilitation facilities. These differences in resource use persisted at 1 year and were largely because of higher readmission rates.

Conclusions—

Survivors of an in-hospital cardiac arrest have frequent readmissions and high follow-up inpatient costs. Readmissions and inpatient costs were higher in certain subgroups, including patients of younger age and black race.
New Pooled Cohort Risk Equations and Presence of Asymptomatic Brain Infarction
Authors: Park Jong-Ho , Park Jin Ho , Ovbiagele Bruce , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lim Jae-Sung , Kim Jun Yup , Cho BeLong , Yun Jae Moon , Lee Hyejin
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

The new pooled cohort risk (PCR) equations is sex- and race-specific estimates of the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events among disease-free adults. Little is known about the association between the PCR model and presence of silent brain infarction (SBI).

Methods—

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1603 neurologically asymptomatic Korean people (mean age, 56.6±8.3; 838 men), who underwent brain MRI. We explored the association of PCR with SBI by race. SBI was divided into deep subcortical and hemispheric (hs-SBI).

Results—

One-hundred seventy-five (10.9%) subjects had SBI. The PCR as white was independently related to the presence of SBI (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.09), multiple (≥2) SBIs (1.09; 1.05–1.12), deep subcortical SBI (1.06; 1.04–1.09), and hs-SBI (1.07; 1.02–1.11). Compared with the lowest PCR category (<5%), dose–response relationships were observed between increasing category (5% to <7.5%, 7.5% to <10%, and ≥10%) and the presence of SBI, respectively (1.85, 0.91–3.74; 2.41, 1.13–5.14; and 3.76, 2.17–6.52), multiple SBIs (0.88, 0.10–8.02; 8.44, 2.29–31.11; and 8.47, 2.66–27.02), deep subcortical SBI (1.92, 0.92–4.02; 2.46, 1.11–4.45; and 3.77, 2.11–6.74), and hs-SBI (1.20, 0.12–11.81; 5.59, 1.08–28.96; and 5.96, 1.46–24.38). C-statistic of PCR category for SBI was 0.63 (0.60−0.65); multiple SBIs, 0.71 (0.69−0.73); deep subcortical SBI, 0.62 (0.60−0.65); and hs-SBI, 0.71 (0.68−0.73). Calibration as black showed similar pattern to findings from white model.

Conclusions—

Discrimination was fairly compatible with each race model. The PCR might serve as a simple clinical tool for identifying people at high risk for the untoward consequences of SBI, particularly multiple SBIs and hs-SBI.
Time to Angiographic Reperfusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Vagal Achala S. , Khatri Pooja , Broderick Joseph P. , Tomsick Thomas A. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Eckman Mark H.
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—

Our objective was to use decision analytic modeling to compare 2 treatment strategies of intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) alone versus combined intravenous r-tPA/endovascular therapy in a subgroup of patients with large vessel (internal carotid artery terminus, M1, and M2) occlusion based on varying times to angiographic reperfusion and varying rates of reperfusion.

Methods—

We developed a decision model using Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III trial data and comprehensive literature review. We performed 1-way sensitivity analyses for time to reperfusion and 2-way sensitivity for time to reperfusion and rate of reperfusion success. We also performed probabilistic sensitivity analyses to address uncertainty in total time to reperfusion for the endovascular approach.

Results—

In the base case, endovascular approach yielded a higher expected utility (6.38 quality-adjusted life years) than the intravenous-only arm (5.42 quality-adjusted life years). One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated superiority of endovascular treatment to intravenous-only arm unless time to reperfusion exceeded 347 minutes. Two-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that endovascular treatment was preferred when probability of reperfusion is high and time to reperfusion is small. Probabilistic sensitivity results demonstrated an average gain for endovascular therapy of 0.76 quality-adjusted life years (SD 0.82) compared with the intravenous-only approach.

Conclusions—

In our post hoc model with its underlying limitations, endovascular therapy after intravenous r-tPA is the preferred treatment as compared with intravenous r-tPA alone. However, if time to reperfusion exceeds 347 minutes, intravenous r-tPA alone is the recommended strategy. This warrants validation in a randomized, prospective trial among patients with large vessel occlusions.
‘No one is a better jurist than Accursius’
Authors: de Bruijn Niels
Published: October 2014

Jacques Cujas and Hugues Doneau are reputed to have been the standard-bearers of humanist jurisprudence, an approach to law which gained ground in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Adherents to the humanist approach to law, Cujas and Doneau are thought likely to have shared its condescending attitude towards medieval legal scholarship. In recent literature, however, it is argued that both scholars adopted a more balanced view towards medieval legal writings than was previously thought. This paper aims to shed light on what this view really involved, first, by investigating Cujas’ and Doneau’s writings on methodology and, secondly, by examining how these jurists put their methodology to practice in their efforts to solve difficult points of law in Justinian’s Corpus iuris civilis. Using the findings of this examination a thorough analysis of their legal reasoning is made which allows the author to speculate on Cujas’ and Doneau’s position vis-à-vis the medieval legal heritage.
„Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowa
Authors: Mrozik Agnieszka
Published: October 2014

Communists have no homeland: a portrait of Wanda Wasilewska 

The paper offers an analysis of a number of biographies of Wanda Wasilewska, written in different historical periods. An attempt was made to reconstruct the mechanisms that governed the functioning of Wanda Wasilewska’s communist figure in the Polish political discourse; explain how she was perceived by the society, and how it altered in the course of the Polish cultural and historical transformations. A biography of an individual gains coherence as a result of the community’s search for its identity: it serves as a building block for a coherent biography of the entire community. The writing and rewriting of the biography of Wasilewska has long been a kind of “production of communism” in Poland, and communism has been one of the most important aspects of Polish identity in the recent decades.

 

„Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowa

Autorka analizuje powstające w rożnych okresach historycznych biografie Wandy Wasilewskiej. Usiłuje odtworzyć mechanizmy konstruowania figury komunistki w polskim dyskursie publicznym, zbadać, jak funkcjonowała ona w społecznym odbiorze, a także ustalić, jak zmieniało się jej znaczenie w procesie przemian historycznych i kulturowych. Autorka pokazuje, że tworzenie spójnej biografii jednostki – szczególnie jednostki ważnej w historii danej zbiorowości – dokonuje się w odpowiedzi na tożsamościowe poszukiwania wspólnoty: służy wytworzeniu zbiorowej biografii jako koherentnej całości. Zwraca uwagę, że pisanie biografii Wasilewskiej jako komunistki było i wciąż jest swoistym „wytwarzaniem komunizmu” w Polsce. Komunizm zaś w szerokim planie jest ważnym – jeśli nie najważniejszym w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach – komponentem polskiej zbiorowej tożsamości.
Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: October 2014

A few remarks on the persistence of the legend of blood

The article is an extended review of Jolanta Żyndul’s Kłamstwo krwi (‘The Lies of Blood’). Żyndul unearths numerous cases of accusing Jews of ritual murders, which happened in the 19th and the 20th century, and were then forgotten by the Poles. Żyndul puts the libel of the legend of blood inside a wider context of social, religious and political relations in the recent history. She revises the historical narration, which produced the oblivion by undermining the significance of those events.

 

Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul

Tekst jest rozszerzoną recenzją monografii historycznej dotyczącej legend o krwi ery nowoczesnej pióra Jolanty Żyndul. Historyczka odkrywa niezwykle liczne dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowieczne przypadki obwinień Żydów o mord rytualny, zupełnie wyparte z pamięci historycznej Polaków. Sytuuje oszczerstwo krwi w sieci powiązań społecznych, religijnych i politycznych historii najnowszej, poddając rewizji narrację historyczną, która, podważając znaczenie tych niezrozumiałych „epizodów”, wyprodukowała zapomnienie.
Wuj Jankiel
Authors: Keff Bożena
Published: October 2014

Uncle JankielThe idea of Jewish self-hatred has been present in the humanities since the 1930s. The research on this subject has usually focused on Western Europe, especially German-speaking countries. The paper analyses Jewish self-hatred using examples from contemporary official discourse in Poland. Sander Gilman’s approach to Jewish self-hatred (1986) is used to interpret the examples. It seems that it is the alleged communism of the Jewish Poles which causes them being perceived as alien and different. If one condemns their communism, one can feel entitled to be a member of the Polish community; for the condemners, the communism appears “objective” and corresponding to their world-view. In fact, it seems to be more of a ritual act of subordination, yet another cover term to define Jewish guilt and their alienness. Previously, other issues performed this function: “Talmudicness”, ritual murder, host desecration, taking over the printed media, Bolshevism, capitalism, etc. Wuj JankielPojęcie żydowskiej samonienawiści funkcjonuje w humanistyce od lat trzydziestych XX wieku. Studia tego zjawiska dotyczyły zazwyczaj Europy zachodniej, a najbardziej terenów niemieckojęzycznych. Celem autorki jest wprowadzenie zjawiska żydowskiej samonienawiści na współczesnych polskich przykładach, w kontekście polskiej kultury aprobowanego, oficjalnego dyskursu. Odwołując się do psychoanalitycznego rozumienia terminu, jakie w swojej książce Jewish Self-Hatred rozwinął Sander Gilman, autorka twierdzi, że często we współczesnej ocenie osób, które publicznie identyfikują się jako Żydzi, tym, co dziś stanowi różnicę (difference) decydującą o obcości tego, co żydowskie (wobec tego co polskie), elementem, który stanowi „skazę”, jest „komunizm” Żydów. Potępianie go jest gestem, który pozwala na poczucie przynależności do wspólnoty polskiej. Potępiającym wydaje się on uzasadniony, „obiektywny” i zgodny z ich widzeniem świata. Jednak jest raczej rytualnym gestem podporządkowania, a egzorcyzmowany „komunizm” przodków jest tylko elementem historycznie wymiennym, kolejnym pseudonimem definiującym winę (jak talmudyczność, mord rytualny, męczenie hostii, opanowanie prasy, bolszewizm, kapitalizm etc., etc.) i nazywającym obcość.
Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętności
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna
Published: October 2014

Incognito ergo sum: on indifference The present article is an analysis of various types of indifference of non-Jewish inhabitants of Warsaw to the plight of Jewish Poles. The words of Krzysztof Dunin-Wąsowicz, a historian and “Żegota” activist, provide the vantage point for the analysis: Dunin-Wąsowicz claimed that around 75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw “were indifferent to what was taking place behind the Ghetto wall”. Thomas Kuhne hypothesised that it was Germans’ indifference to the Jewish – not hatred – that legitimised the Nazi racial policies of the 1930s. This statement might also apply to the “75 per cent of the inhabitants of Warsaw”. The article is mainly based on articles published by ZWZ-AK, in particular Biuletyn Informacyjny. Incognito ergo sum. O wytwarzaniu obojętnościAutorka analizuje różne odcienie obojętności nieżydowskich mieszkańców Warszawy w latach czterdziestych wobec losu żydowskich Polaków. Punktem wyjścia jest zdanie Krzysztofa Dunin-Wąsowicza, historyka i działacza „Żegoty”, który stwierdził, że dla około 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy „obojętne było to, co działo się poza murem getta”. Powołując się na tezę Thomasa Kuhnego, że to właśnie obojętność Niemców wobec Żydów – a nie nienawiść w stosunku do nich – „spowodowała masowe poparcie nazistowskiej polityki rasowej w latach trzydziestych”, autorka zastanawia się, czy „podobnej opinii nie można by sformułować pod adresem” 75 procent mieszkańców Warszawy. Materiał do analizy stanowią w znacznej mierze publikacje prasy ZWZ-AK, w tym przede wszystkim „Biuletyn Informacyjny”.
Oświetlające się plany. Ciche i dalekie w „Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close” Jonathana Safrana Foera
Authors: Roszak Joanna
Published: October 2014

Mutually illuminating planes: the silent and the distant in J.S. Foer’s 'Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close'The paper offers an analysis of sub-renting relations in J. S. Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, which are put in the context of the author’s debut novel Everything Is Illuminated. I suggest that the two novels shed light on, or “illuminate”, each other. The writer, a descendant of Polish Jews, precisely stratifies the novels and intertwines two planes: the explicit and the implicit (encoding signs of the Jewish plight), which are also the two planes of the protagonists’ identities. Oświetlające się plany. Ciche i dalekie w „Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close” Jonathana Safrana FoeraArtykuł koncentruje się wokół zagadnienia sublokatorstwa w powieści Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close (polski przekład: Strasznie głośno, niesamowicie blisko) Jonathana Safrana Foera. W refleksji o żydowskiej kondycji sublokatora (w oryginale: the renter) autorka nie pomija debiutanckiej powieści Amerykanina, Wszystko jest iluminacją. Stawia tezę, że oba dzieła wzajemnie się oświetlają. Pisarz, będący potomkiem polskich Żydów, precyzyjnie stratyfikuje powieść i nakłada na siebie dwa plany, będące także planami tożsamości głównych bohaterów: wyrażony i domyślany (szyfrujący znaki żydowskiego losu).
Wywiad z Ewą Gąsowską
Authors: Stec Monika , Gąsowska Ewa
Published: October 2014

An interview with Ewa GąsowskaIn the interview, Ewa Gąsowska described her ten-year-long struggle with the Polish legal system. Gąsowska’s objective has been to reinstate the good name of her grandfather, Jan Rybak, who was murdered in 1945. According to Gąsowska, the reason for her grandfather’s death was his political activity in PPR (Polish Labourers’ Party) and his post-war commitment to the reconstruction of People’s Poland (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa). Gąsowska claims that he was murdered by members of Narodowe Siły Zbrojne (National Armed Forces).Almost 60 years after the death of Jan Rybak, a book was published which presents his activity and death in a different light. The book had been written by one of those regarded by Rybak’s family as his murderers. This “courtroom drama” is situated in the context of the relations between the Rybak family and the local community (the place where Jan Rybak, and most likely also his murderers, were born), as well as the socio-political transformations in the contemporary Poland. Wywiad z Ewą GąsowskąEwa Gąsowska opowiada historię swoich dziesięcioletnich zmagań z wymiarem sprawiedliwości. Jej celem jest rehabilitacja dobrego imienia dziadka, Jana Rybaka, który został zamordowany w 1945 roku. Zdaniem Ewy Gąsowskiej, powodem zabójstwa była partyjna aktywność jej dziadka (PPR) i jego powojenne zaangażowanie w odbudowę Polski Ludowej, a jego mordercami byli członkowie Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych.Prawie 60 lat później ukazała się książka wspomnieniowa, która inaczej przedstawia działalność i okoliczności śmierci Jana Rybaka. Jej autorem jest osoba, którą rodzina uważa za mordercę. Ważny kontekst tego „serialu sądowego” stanowią relacje rodziny Rybaka z lokalną społecznością, z której się wywodzi on i – prawdopodobnie – jego zabójcy, jak też przemiany społeczno-polityczne we współczesnej Polsce.
A Quantile Regression Approach to Understanding the Relations Among Morphological Awareness, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension in Adult Basic Education Students
Authors: Tighe Elizabeth L. , Schatschneider Christopher
Published: October 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint and unique contributions of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at five reading comprehension levels in adult basic education (ABE) students. We introduce the statistical technique of multiple quantile regression, which enabled us to assess the predictive utility of morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge at multiple points (quantiles) along the continuous distribution of reading comprehension. To demonstrate the efficacy of our multiple quantile regression analysis, we compared and contrasted our results with a traditional multiple regression analytic approach. Our results indicated that morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge accounted for a large portion of the variance (82%–95%) in reading comprehension skills across all quantiles. Morphological awareness exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at lower levels of reading comprehension whereas vocabulary knowledge exhibited the greatest unique predictive ability at higher levels of reading comprehension. These results indicate the utility of using multiple quantile regression to assess trajectories of component skills across multiple levels of reading comprehension. The implications of our findings for ABE programs are discussed.
Adopting seven-day working in practice: a report by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
Authors: Scott HR , Isles CJ , Fisher BM , Long J , Dunn FG
Published: October 2014

Following the UK Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Report on seven day consultant present care, the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow held a symposium to explore clinicians’ views on the ways in which clinical care should best be enhanced outside ‘normal’ working hours. In addition, a survey of members and fellows was undertaken to identify the tests which would make the greatest impact on care out of hours. Key messages were: (a) that seven-day consultant delivered care would not achieve the desired benefit to patient care if introduced in isolation from other inter-relating factors. These include alternatives to hospital admission, enhanced nursing support, increased junior medical, pharmacy, social care and ambulance availability and greater access to selected diagnostic services; (b) that the care of hospital inpatients is a service which is one part of the totality of secondary care provision. Any significant change in the deployment of staff for inpatient care must be carefully managed so as not to result in a reduced quality of care provided by the rest of the system.
Social competence, theory of mind, and executive function in institution-reared Turkish children
Authors: Etel Evren , Yagmurlu Bilge
Published: October 2014

This study had two aims. The first aim was to measure mental state understanding in institution-reared children by using a theory of mind (ToM) scale, and to examine the role of cultural context in sequencing of ToM acquisition. The other aim was to investigate ToM in relation to social competence and executive function (EF). Due to its pronounced role in mental state understanding and social interactions, we assessed receptive language as well. The participants were 107 institution-reared children aged 3 to 5 years in Turkey. Two visits were held within 2 days for behavioral assessments. In the first visit, the ToM scale was administered; in the second visit, the child was given the language test and the EF tasks. The social competence scales were completed by the child’s primary care provider in the institution. Guttman scaling analysis revealed that an understanding of diverse beliefs developed earlier than knowledge access, favoring the “individualistic pattern.” The regression analysis showed that EF was a significant predictor of ToM, but neither of them was associated with social competence when age was controlled. Receptive language predicted social competence and EF directly, and ToM indirectly through EF, pointing to the importance of this ability for early development.
Popularity Through Online Harm
Authors: Wegge Denis , Vandebosch Heidi , Eggermont Steven , Pabian Sara
Published: October 2014

The present study examines the reciprocal associations between cyberbullying behavior and young adolescents’ social status. For this purpose, a two-wave panel study with an 8-month time interval was conducted among an entire grade of 154 secondary school pupils (age 12-14). The survey featured items on traditional bullying and cyberbullying as well as peer-nomination questions on sociometric and perceived popularity. Cyberbullying was related to subsequent increases in perceived popularity of the perpetrators. In contrast, traditional bullying perpetration was not longitudinally associated with social status during the studied period. Although perceived popularity was also expected to precede cyberbullying behavior, this was not observed. Taken together, the results suggest that electronic forms of bullying, rather than traditional forms, can provide a means to acquire additional perceived popularity in early adolescence. The findings warrant future research on the factors that moderate the association between cyberbullying and social status.