bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Problems and Healthcare-Seeking Practices of Workers Processing E-Waste in the Unorganized Sector in the Slums of a South Indian City
Authors: Mishra Sapna , Sarma Sarma P , Gaitonde Rakhal
Published: December 2022

Context:

The precarious nature of the work in the unorganized e-waste processing sector poses a threat to workers' health by making them vulnerable to occupational injuries as well as other work-related diseases in addition to job insecurity and related issues.

Aims:

To systematically explore and quantify employment and working conditions along with the occupational health problems and healthcare-seeking practices of workers processing e-waste in the slums of a south Indian city.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional study conducted in the slums of a south Indian city.

Methods and Material:

We used a structured interview schedule among 248 randomly selected workers.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the results. 95% CI was calculated for select proportions. Chi-square tests were used to determine statistical significance.

Results:

We found a predominance of self-employment; unclear employment relationship; no paid holidays; long working hours; unequal wages; absence of work-related social security; absent workers' organization; rented units; minimal/no use of safety equipment, no concept of good ergonomic practices. The commonest occupational health concerns were injuries (17% & 41% respectively) and musculoskeletal problems (43.5%). Private/charitable clinics were the commonest source of seeking healthcare which contributed to 'irrational' practices in the form of repeated TT injections.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest that the precarious work in the unorganized e-waste processing sector could not only give rise to health problems but also make workers undermine the severity of their health problems. The non-responsiveness of the local public healthcare system compels them to rely on private and charitable clinics and pay for services that are otherwise freely available in UPHCs.
Obesity Burden and Physical Activity Pattern Among Doctors in South India
Authors: Nair Anjana Nalina Kumari Kesavan , Lawrence Tony , Indu Pillaveetil Sathyadas
Published: December 2022

Context:

A career as a doctor makes him prone to develop health issues like obesity and obesity-related noncommunicable diseases.

Aims:

This study aims to find the burden and determinants of obesity among Modern Medicine doctors in Kerala.

Settings and Design:

We conducted a cross-sectional study among 240 doctors working in South Kerala from 2018 to 2019.

Methods and Material:

The sample size was calculated using a formula and stratified random sampling was done for the selection of study participants. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Physical activity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were entered in MS Excel and was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0. The significance of association was tested using the χ2 test. Binary logistic regression was done to predict the factors associated with overweight and obesity.

Results:

Out of 240 study participants, 128 (54%) were females and 112 (46%) were males. Among the 240 doctors, 54% (114) were either overweight or obese. A low level of physical activity was reported among 54.5% of doctors. Male gender odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29-6.06), nuclear family OR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.32-5.42), daily hours of sleep <6 hours OR = 4.92 (95% CI = 2.29-10.5), history of obesity among parents OR = 3.54 (95% CI = 1.04-12.02), reported the presence of private practice OR = 3.34 (95% CI = 1.25-8.96), and holding a graduation degree alone were found to be significantly associated with obesity.

Conclusions:

The study found that majority of the doctors (55%) were either overweight or obese. Awareness and behavior change communication among doctors on modifiable risk factors like having adequate sleep and reducing the hours spent in private practice is needed to reduce the burden of obesity among doctors.
Mucinous cystadenoma in a 15-year-old girl
Authors: Rashmi M. V. , Bhaskar Apurva
Published: December 2022

Ovarian tumors in children and adolescents are rare. We present a case of a 15-year-old girl with mucinous cystadenoma (MCA) which was diagnosed incidentally when evaluating for anemia and reduced appetite. The scan reports suggested a large ovarian cyst with a few thick enhancing septa. Serological markers were within normal limits. She underwent a cystectomy with salpingo-oophorectomy. The cyst was reported as MCA on histopathology. The child is on regular follow-up for 6 months with no adverse events.
Audit of antibiotics usage in an intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Rajendran R Judah , Seralathan Sujitha Elan
Published: December 2022

Background:

Antibiotics are one of the major medications used in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is a matter of concern as inappropriate usage of antibiotics in the ICU has led to the development of many infections due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. The aim was to monitor and assess the empirical antibiotic treatment initiated and the changes made in antimicrobial therapy following the culture report.

Methodology:

The study was conducted from May 2018 to June 2018 after obtaining ethical clearance from the institute ethics committee which was a cross-sectional prospective type of study. One hundred patients who were on antibiotics were included in the study. A total of 249 culture samples were sent which included blood, urine, endotracheal aspirate, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, wound swab, etc., The patients were started empirically with antibiotics ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, azithromycin, etc., The microorganisms grown in the culture were Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.

Results:

It was observed that for 54 patients, the empirical antibiotic treatment was continued, for 39 patients, there was a change in antibiotics following the culture report, and for Seven patients, the antibiotics were stopped. Among 39 patients, for 23 patients, there was an escalation, and for 16 patients, there was a de-escalation in the usage of antibiotics from the initial empirical treatment given.

Conclusion:

A proper prescription pattern and a standard antibiotic policy for prescribing antibiotics are needed to prevent the future development of MDR strains.
Serum pepsinogen level as a biomarker for atrophy, reflux esophagitis, and gastric cancer screening in Indonesia
Authors: Miftahussurur Muhammad , Waskito Langgeng Agung , Syam Ari Fahrial , Nusi Iswan Abbas , Wibawa I Dewa Nyoman , Rezkitha Yudith Annisa Ayu , Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Siregar Gontar Alamsyah , Akil Fardah , Waleleng Bradley Jimmy , Saudale Alexander Michael Joseph , Abubakar Azzaki , Maulahela Hasan , Richardo Marselino , Rahman Abdul , Namara Yoma Sari , Sudarmo Eko , Adi Pangestu , Maimunah Ummi , Setiawan Poernomo Boedi , Doohan Dalla , Uchida Tomohisa , Dewayani Astri , Rejeki Purwo Sri , Sugihartono Titong , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: December 2022

Background:

Chronic dyspepsia's symptoms are frequently seen in primary to tertiary healthcare in Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the potential usability of pepsinogen (PG) values in determining gastric mucosal conditions, including superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis.

Materials and Methods:

We recruited 646 adult dyspeptic patients and then analyzed PG values (including PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio) with endoscopic findings, gastric mucosal damages, and Helicobacter pylori infection. The gastric mucosal damage and H. pylori infection were evaluated using histological examination based on the updated Sydney system.

Results:

Among 646 enrolled patients, 308 (47.2%), 212 (32.8%), 91 (14.1%), 34 (5.2%), and 1 (0.2%) patient were diagnosed with normal mucosa, gastritis, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer, respectively. Significant differences in PGI, PGII, and PGI/II ratio values were observed among ethnic groups (all P < 0.01). The PGI and PGII levels were significantly higher and PGI/II was significantly lower in H. pylori-infected patients than in uninfected ones (all P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value for PGII and PGI/II was 12.45 ng/mL with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.755 (0.702–0.811), sensitivity 59.3%, and specificity 77.1%; and 4.75 with AUC value of 0.821 (0.763–0.855), sensitivity 81.5%, and specificity 78.7%, respectively, to determine moderate–severe atrophy.

Conclusion:

Serum PG levels, a useful biomarker, represent the endoscopic findings, especially for reflux esophagitis. In addition, the benefits of PG values detecting atrophic gastritis were limited to moderate–severe atrophic gastritis. This usefulness requires careful attention for several ethnic groups in Indonesia.
Death probability analysis in the old aged population and smokers in India owing to COVID-19
Authors: Jamdade Parikshit Gautam , Jamdade Shrinivas Gautamrao
Published: December 2022

OBJECTIVE:

Research has shown that older people and smokers have a higher death probability from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Thus, we investigated the effect of COVID-19 on death probability for individuals aged 65–70 years and smokers in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We did so using a differential learning (feed-backward) model. In the present study, we examined World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 data of India. We divided the patients into two groups accordingly: the population aged 65–70 years and female or male smokers.

RESULTS:

We observed that in the early stages of infection (up to 5 days), there was higher death probability in the older population; among smokers, it occurred in the middle period after infection (5–8 days). We estimated that the death probability among smokers was 1.905 times that of the older population.

CONCLUSION:

As Government of India, taking various initiatives to curb the spread of COVID-19, but these are not enough, so we suggest measures that should help to reduce COVID-19 infection in India.
Artificial intelligence will be a milestone in medical imaging development
Authors: Li Ruili , Li Hongjun
Published: December 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a cutting-edge technology that is applied in many fields. Medical imaging AI is also developing rapidly, and has markedly improved disease detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring. It also has led to fundamental changes in the way of radiologists' work. The potential new capabilities provided by AI will make the practice of radiology more efficient and effective. Herein, we review the application, current limitations and future opportunities of AI models in medical imaging.
Cause of profound hypoxemia following a bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunt
Authors: Maddali Madan M. , Saxena Pravin , Al Alawi Khalid S. , Mohsen Abdoulah
Published: December 2022

Following a bilateral bidirectional Glenn shunt, a child had persistent hypoxemia. Agitated saline contrast injection into the jugular vein during transesophageal echocardiography displayed a rapid appearance of saline particles in the cardiac chambers suggesting the presence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. However, the clinical picture was not in agreement and an angiographic contrast injection during an immediate cardiac catheterization revealed the underlying pathology which was immediately corrected surgically.
Refractory hypertension after phenylephrine infusion in cesarean section under subarachnoid block
Authors: Bansal Vikash , Saxena Kirti N , Wadhwa Bharti
Published: December 2022

A 21-year-old female was scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section for breech presentation under the subarachnoid block (SAB). The pre-operative examination was unremarkable and baseline vitals were normal. Under all aseptic precautions and American society of anesthesiologists standard monitoring, SAB was administered with 2.2 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Soon after administration of SAB, prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine was started at the rate of 50 μg/min; after pre-treatment with 0.2 mg glycopyrrolate intravenous immediately after the start of the infusion, the patient complained of severe headache. Blood pressure (BP) recorded at that time was 191/102 mm of Hg. Phenylephrine infusion was stopped immediately but the BP remained high and came to within 20% of baseline value only after 9 min of discontinuing the infusion. We report this case of refractory hypertension following phenylephrine infusion in a healthy parturient undergoing elective cesarean section under SAB.
Anesthetic considerations for non-cardiac surgeries in orthotopic heart transplant recipients
Authors: Deep Vinod , Vinayak Pujari S. , Ramachandra Karante
Published: December 2022

The number of heart transplants performed each year is steadily increasing around the world. Anesthesia and perioperative management are different in these cases. For an optimal perioperative management and improved postoperative outcome, a full understanding of the physiology of the denervated heart, post-transplant morbidities, and immunosuppressant pharmacology is required. We hereby discuss the perioperative management of a patient who had undergone orthotopic heart transplant and presented to our setup for left ureteroscopy.
A successful pregnancy and delivery after heart transplantation
Authors: AlRaffa Abdullah , AlJubairy Samahir , Alwatban Sara J.
Published: December 2022

Pregnancy following heart transplant (HT) surgery poses a high risk to the patient, and limited data are available on practices for post-HT pregnant patients. We report a case of a 34-year-old female patient in her 20th week of pregnancy, diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy at 20 years of age. An HT procedure was performed 5 years ago on the patient. The patient had multiple miscarriages and in-vitro fertilization in 2021. The patient presented in the 20th week of gestation with shortness of breath and delivered prematurely via cesarean section. The procedure was successfully performed under spinal anesthesia with no complications, and the patient was stable. Implementing a multidisciplinary team in managing such challenging cases would further improve anesthesia management in the future.
Anesthesia management of living donor liver transplantation in a patient with scimitar syndrome
Authors: Shabbir Muhammad , Majeed Amer , Baig Mudassir A. , Shajar Matloob A. , Iqbal Tahir
Published: December 2022

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly with a hallmark of an abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins into inferior vena cava instead of the left atrium; this creates a curvilinear radiological pattern resembling a sword (scimitar) on a chest radiograph, thus attracting the name. This case report highlights the challenges during liver transplantation, and perioperative anesthetic management of a patient with an uncorrected Scimitar Syndrome.
Peri-humeral block for postoperative analgesia in patients with distal humerus surgery
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Dongre Himaunshu V. , Nair Abhijit S. , Panchwagh Suhrud
Published: December 2022

The brachial plexus blocks (BPBs) are routinely performed for all surgeries in the vicinity of the elbow joint. Phrenic nerve paresis is a major problem with above-clavicle blocks especially the interscalene approach. The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess feasibility and to evaluate if perioperative pain management with the articular and cutaneous nerve block, the peri-humeral block (PHB) resulted in decreased use of opioid consumption in the intraoperative and postoperative period for the first 24 hours. Twenty-four patients with distal humerus fracture received ultrasound (US)-guided PHB as part of their perioperative anesthetic management. The primary aim was to evaluate block efficacy in terms of time to first analgesia and opioid consumption in first 24 hours. US in real time revealed that in all patients the local anesthetic was optimally deposited. Due to a stable intraoperative hemodynamics, none of the patients required additional opioid doses. The median pain scores over 24 hours were 2.4 with IQR (0-3.8). The mean time to first analgesic was 425.417 ± 229.005 min. There were no adverse effects reported at the time of hospital discharge. Though the US-guided PHB would not replace the BPB, in some special circumstances, it would be desirable to implement the former block which has opioid and motor sparing features and incorporate with multimodal analgesia.
Anaphylaxis in the operating room treated with an anaphylaxis response kit
Authors: Shu Akae , Hoshi Takuo , Hagiya Keiichi
Published: December 2022

Anaphylaxis is a rapidly fatal complication of anesthesia, and it needs to be appropriately diagnosed and treated by anesthesiologists. A 37-year-old man underwent surgery for pneumothorax under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, the train-of four count was four, and sugammadex was administered. Soon after, the patient's oxygen saturation and blood pressure decreased, and skin flushing was noted. We suspected anaphylaxis and administered adrenaline. Once the blood pressure normalized, we administered hydrocortisone, famotidine, and d-chlorpheniramine maleate. Thereafter, his condition stabilized, he recovered well, and he was discharged. Blood samples obtained after the onset of the episode indicated anaphylaxis, and a prick test performed 10 weeks postoperatively confirmed sugammadex as the causative agent. We report a case of sugammadex-induced anaphylaxis, which we could properly diagnose and treat because an anaphylaxis kit was available in our department.
Diagnostic performances of celiac disease serological tests among Saudi patients
Authors: Sghiri Rim , Hassine Hana Ben , Almogren Adel , Shakoor Zahid , Alswayyed Mohammed
Published: December 2022

Background:

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is relatively high in Saudi Arabia, and little is known about the accuracy of serological markers in the local population. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of various serological markers for detecting CD in Saudi children and adults.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective study of 148 CD patients and 512 controls to assess the diagnostic performances of IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (TTG), IgG anti-TTG, IgA anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies (anti-DGP), IgG anti-DGP, and endomysium antibodies (EMA).

Results:

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-TTG was the most sensitive test [98.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.1–99.8%)], while EMA was the most specific [100%, 95%CI 98.6–100%]. By applying the criteria of IgA anti-TTG titers ≥10 × upper limit of normal (ULN) and positive EMA, 57.3% of patients could have avoided intestinal biopsy. IgG anti-DGP test had a sensitivity of 85.9% (95% CI = 77.3–91.5%) and a specificity of 93.5% (95% CI = (90.0–95.9%). Titers of IgA anti-TTG, IgA anti-DGP, and IgG anti-DGP were higher in CD patients with the Marsh 3c class than in those with the Marsh 3b and Marsh 3a classes. IgG anti-TTG and IgA anti-DGP had no additional diagnostic value.

Conclusions:

IgA anti-TTG and EMA are excellent CD markers in children and adults. The use of IgA anti-TTG titers ≥10 × ULN and positive EMA as criteria for CD diagnosis in children and adults might be a good alternative to intestinal biopsy.
In vitro and in vivo phototoxicity on gastric mucosa induced by methylene blue
Authors: Oh Hui Yeong , Choi Hyun Ho , Kim Eui Jin , Choi Ji Jin , Choi Sung Sook , Lee Hae Kyung , Kim Hyung-Keun , Kim Sang Woo , Park Won Sang H. , Chae Hiun Suk
Published: December 2022

Background:

Methylene blue (MB) is used endoscopically to demarcate tumors and as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, there are few in vivo studies about its toxicity in healthy stomach tissue. We performed sequential in vitro and in vivo analyses of MB-induced phototoxicity.

Methods:

We performed in vitro experiments using the AGS human gastric cancer cell line treated with light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation (3.6 J/cm2) and MB. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In vivo toxicity was evaluated in the stomach of beagles using the same dose of fiber-optic LED via gastroscopy, after spraying 0.1% and 0.5% MB solutions. Stomach tissue was also evaluated using the TUNEL assay.

Results:

In vitro, increased concentrations of MB led to higher TUNEL scores. However, cell viability was significantly lower after MB plus LED irradiation than after treatment with MB alone (P < 0.001). In vivo, the TUNEL score was highest immediately after treatment with 0.1% or 0.5% MB plus light irradiation, and the score was significantly higher in the LED illumination plus MB group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The elevated TUNEL score was maintained for 3 days in the MB plus light irradiation group but returned to normal levels on day 10.

Conclusions:

Endoscopic light application with MB 0.5% concentration to the stomach may be regarded as a safe procedure despite some DNA injuries in the early period.
Controlling unknown linear dynamics with bounded multiplicative regret
Authors: Carruth Jacob , Eggl Maximilian F. , Fefferman Charles , Rowley Clarence W. , Weber Melanie
Published: December 2022

We consider a simple control problem in which the underlying dynamics depend on a parameter that is unknown and must be learned. We exhibit a control strategy which is optimal to within a multiplicative constant. While most authors find strategies which are successful as the time horizon tends to infinity, our strategy achieves lowest expected cost up to a constant factor for a fixed time horizon.
The large sieve with prime moduli
Authors: Iwaniec Henryk
Published: December 2022

The large sieve type estimates of true order of magnitude for character sums to prime moduli are established. The main result holds for coefficients supported on numbers which have no small prime divisors.
Oscillation inequalities in ergodic theory and analysis: one-parameter and multi-parameter perspectives
Authors: Mirek Mariusz , Szarek Tomasz Z. , Wright James
Published: December 2022

In this survey we review useful tools that naturally arise in the study of pointwise convergence problems in analysis, ergodic theory and probability. We will pay special attention to quantitative aspects of pointwise convergence phenomena from the point of view of oscillation estimates in both the single and several parameter settings. We establish a number of new oscillation inequalities and give new proofs for known results with elementary arguments.
Scattering on singular Yamabe spaces
Authors: Chang Sun-Yung Alice , McKeown Stephen E. , Yang Paul
Published: December 2022

We apply scattering theory on asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds to singular Yamabe metrics, applying the results to the study of the conformal geometry of compact manifolds with boundary. In particular, we define extrinsic versions of the conformally invariant powers of the Laplacian, or GJMS operators, on the boundary of any such manifold, along with associated extrinsic

Q

-curvatures. We use the existence and uniqueness of a singular Yamabe metric in any conformal class to define also nonlocal extrinsic fractional GJMS operators on the boundary, and draw other global conclusions about the scattering operator, including a Gauss–Bonnet theorem in dimension four.
Homogenization of iterated singular integrals with applications to random quasiconformal maps
Authors: Astala Kari , Rohde Steffen , Saksman Eero , Tao Terence
Published: December 2022

We study homogenization of iterated randomized singular integrals and homeomorphic solutions to the Beltrami differential equation with a random Beltrami coefficient. More precisely, let

(F_j)_{j \geq 1}

be a sequence of normalized homeomorphic solutions to the planar Beltrami equation

\partial_{\overline z} F_j (z)=\mu_j(z,\omega) \partial_{z} F_j(z)

, where the random dilatation satisfies

|\mu_j|\leq k<1

and has locally periodic statistics, for example of the type

\mu_j (z,\omega)=\phi(z) \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}^2} g(2^j z-n,X_{n}(\omega)),

where

g(z,\omega)

decays rapidly in

z

, the random variables

X_{n}

are i.i.d., and

\phi \in C^\infty_0

. We establish the almost sure and local uniform convergence as

j \to \infty

of the maps

F_j

to a deterministic quasiconformal limit

F_\infty

. This result is obtained as an application of our main theorem, which deals with homogenization of iterated randomized singular integrals. As a special case of our theorem, let

T_1,\ldots , T_{m}

be translation and dilation invariant singular integrals on

\mathbb{R}^d

, and consider a

d

-dimensional version of

\mu_j

, e.g., as defined above or within a more general setting, see Definition 3.4 below. We then prove that there is a deterministic function

f

such that almost surely,

\mu_j T_{m}\mu_j\ldots T_1\mu_j\to f

as

j\to\infty

weakly in

L^p

, for

1 < p < \infty

.
Co wiemy o kadrach kultury? Systematyczny przegląd polskiej literatury
Authors: Konior Agnieszka , Pluszyńska Anna
Published: December 2022

What do We Know about Staff of Cultural Institutions? A Systematic Overview of Polish Literature The goal of this article is to showcase the current state of research and the emerging tendencies in analyses concerning the staff of cultural institutions, while providing a systematical overview of the literature. Staff of cultural institutions was defined as persons employed in cultural organisations (of public, private and NGO character) whose work begins there where the predisposition of the employed artists ends and whose work plays a vital role in creation, distribution and protection of culture. Based on the previous research one can conclude that the topic of staff of cultural institutions is addressed by the authors, its analysis, however, proves to be fragmentary and oftentimes superficial.
Prognosis of immune state following basic therapy and thymalin treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 infection
Authors: Kuznik Boris I. , Smolyakov Yurii N. , Shapovalov Konstantin G. , Tereshkov Pavel P. , Konnov Valerii A. , Chalisova Natalia I.
Published: December 2022

Significant changes in cellular and humoral immunity are observed in new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). The cytokine storm develops in cases of severe clinical course, being accompanied by significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, often associated with suppression of immune response. At the same time, the prediction of the immune status is an urgent task, thus allowing timely correction of current therapy. The aim of our research was to evaluate predictive capability for the immune system changes on the 6th day of COVID-19 disease when using standard therapy, or with addition of immunocorrector thymalin to the treatment regimen. A retrospective study was conducted in 87 patients with severe COVID-19. All patients were divided into 2 groups, i.e., (1) controls who received basic treatment; (2) basic treatment supplied with thymalin (10 mg, intramuscular injections daily for 5 days). Assessment of severity and clinical course of COVID-19, and basic treatment regimen for the patients corresponded to current version of the interim Guidelines from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Laboratory studies included complete blood counts, immunogram parameters with the calculation of the ratio of certain types of leukocytes were performed on the 1st and 6th days of observation. Statistical evaluation was made using scripts of the specialized statistical analysis language R (http://cran.r-project.org) version 4.1.3. The blood parameters were evaluated using the binary classification method. The changes in parameters of cellular immunity were classified by means of ROC-analysis.
We have found that the basic therapy of severely ill COVID-19 patients was not followed by recovery of immune status on the 6th day from the start of treatment. At marginal level, one can only suggest a probable prediction of increase in WBC and MON counts, a decrease in CD4+, NK and CD8+perNK, as well as the CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Addition of thymalin to the basic therapy is largely accompanied by the normalization of immunogram parameters. At the same time, it is possible to predict, with excellent rating, an increased number of T-LIM, including CD4+ and B-LIM, and, with good rating, an increase in the total numbers of LIM, as well as CD8+, HLA-CD3+DR+ and NK cells. The data obtained in severe cases of COVID-19 make it possible to predict changes in immune status, and, hence, the course of the disease, at a high degree of probability.
Use of onion peels as an economical substrate for microbial inulinase production under solid state fermentation
Authors: CANLI TAŞAR Özden , TAŞAR Gani Erhan
Published: December 2022

Onion (Allium cepa) is a valuable vegetable and a candidate for sustainable waste management in agri-food industry. The purpose of the current paper was to research the utilization of onion peels to an economical substrate for inulinase production by Yarrowia lipolytica ISF7 strain under solid state fermentation (SSF). SSF is preferred to obtain an effective and low-cost inulinase production. The medium designation was optimized using Taguchi design of experiment. For this purpose, Taguchi L9 orthogonal array layout was applied using the moisture content, initial pH and incubation time as the selected factors at three levels. The results showed that the minimum inulinase activity 22.7 U g-1 of dry substrate (ds) was determined using the 6th experimental setup while the highest inulinase activity 292.2 U gds-1 was measured from 5th experimental setup. The predicted value was determined as 311.6 U gds-1 which was closer to the obtained result (305.1 U gds-1). Consequently, an effective inulinase production can be achieved by Y. lipolytica ISF7 using onion peels as an economic substrate under SSF.
PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA FLANELGRAF PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Dermawan Deden Dicky , Maulana Panji , Ikhsan Muhammad Toni Hartono
Published: December 2022

Abstract: This study aims to describe the increase in motivation and student learning outcomes in social studies learning using flannelgraph media. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which adapts the Kemmis and Mc. Taggart uses a spiral system through stages starting from planning, action, observation, and reflection. The instruments used are observation sheets and tests. From the results of data analysis that using flannelgraph media in social studies learning can increase motivation and learning outcomes. This can be seen from the percentage increase in student motivation in the first cycle 67.84%, the second cycle increased to 78.95%, and in the third cycle increased back to 93.57%. While the increase in learning outcomes can be seen from the completeness of each cycle. The first cycle was completed by 6 people or 31.57%, the second cycle increased to 16 people or 84.21% and in the third cycle it increased to 19 people or 95%. Therefore, the authors suggest that in planning social studies learning, it is better to use creative, innovative, and varied learning media. One of them is by using flannelgraph media.Keywords: Motivation; Learning outcomes; Flannelgraph Media
GAME EDUKASI DIGITAL ULAR TANGGA BERMUATAN ETNOMATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Suriyana Suriyana , Nizarrahmadi Nizarrahmadi
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Research This research aims to create a digital educational game based on ethnomathematics in Snakes and Ladders game. This research was conducted at the 51 Sungai Raya State Elementary School, Kubu Raya Regency. The method that will be used in this research is the method of developing the development method is 4-D (Four D Model). Based on the results of the validity test conducted by 2 experts, it shows a valid level of validity with an average of 3.8 with details of material experts with a score of 3.9 while media experts score an average value of 3.7 with valid criteria. As for the effectiveness of the results of student responses, 3.52 states that students agree with learning mathematics, especially integer operations, while the evaluation of the results of the overall percentage of students who complete is 86% in elementary schools practical to use. Keywords: Snakes and Ladders Educational Game, Ethnomathematics. Abstrak: Penelitian Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat game edukasi digital berbasis etnomatematika dalam permainan Ular Tangga. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 51 Sungai Raya Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan metode pengembangannya adalah 4- D (Four D Model). Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas yang dilakukan oleh 2 ahli, menunjukan tingkat kevalidan yang valid dengan rerata 3,8 dengan rincian ahli materi dengan skor nilai 3.9 sedangkan ahli media skor nilai rata rata 3.7 dengan kreteri valid. Sedangkan untuk ke efektivitas hasil dari repon siswa bahwa 3.52 denagn menyatkan bahwa siswa setuju dengan pembelajaran matematika khusunya operasi bilnagan bulat, sedangkan evaluasi hasil keseluruhan persentase siswa yang tuntas adalah 86% di Sekolah Dasar praktis untuk digunakan Kata Kunci: Game Edukasi Ular Tangga, Etnomatematika.
BİR VİLLANIN ISI POMPASI İLE ISITILMASININ PERFORMANS VE ÇEVRESEL İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILMAZER Fatih , GÜREL Arslan Çağlayan , AKDEMİR Özay
Published: December 2022

Mahal ısıtma için geçmişten bugüne birçok farklı sistem kullanılmıştır. Günümüzde iklim değişikliği sebebi ile emisyonu az ısıtma sistemlerin arayışları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Isı pompası teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ve avantajlar ısı pompası sistemlerinin yaygınlaşmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İzmir’in Alaçatı ilçesinde bulunan üç katlı bir villanın ısı pompalı farklı sistemlerle ısıtılması incelenerek performans ve emisyon değerlendirmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. TS 825 standartlarına göre tasarlanan villanın ısı kayıp yüklerinin hesaplanmasında ve performans simülasyonlarında Daikin firmasının geliştirdiği Heating Solutions Navigator programı kullanılmıştır. Yerden ısıtmada yüksek ısı transfer yüzeyinin getirdiği avantajlar sonucu ısıtmada sezonsan verimlilik (SCOP) değerinin düşük sıcaklık radyatörlü sistemlerinden 2,18 kat yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Isı pompasının veriminin artmasıyla yıllık enerji tüketimi 2052 kWh azalmaktadır ve yıllık CO2 emisyonu 804 kg azalmaktadır. Isı pompalı yerden ısıtmalı sistemin ilk yatırım maliyetindeki yüksek fiyat farkının işletme maliyetindeki azalmadan karşılanabileceği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak ısı pompalarının yatırım maliyetleri doğalgaza kıyasla yüksek olmasına karşın, temiz ve güvenilir olmaları, özellikle yerden ısıtma ve düşük sıcaklık radyatörü ile kullanılmalarıyla avantajlı bir ısıtma sistem seçeneği olduğu görülmektedir.
European Integration of Ukraine. What will be the Path to Full Membership and How will Military Operations Affect it?
Authors: Dovc Helena , Nalepka Magdalena , Nero Nina
Published: December 2022

The urgency of the subject matter is primarily conditioned upon the desire of the Ukrainian people for economic and cultural integration into the European community of democratic states and the need for Ukraine to defend its European choice by military means. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that this topic is not sufficiently covered by other researchers, political scientists, and sociologists. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to reveal the topics of economic, political, and cultural integration of Ukraine into the European Union. Moreover, the objectives of this study are to reveal the problems on the way to full membership of Ukraine in the European Union and to investigate the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on the integration process. The main methods of research are analysis, induction, deduction, and synthesis, which allow the study to describe and highlight the most important aspects of Ukraine's European integration. The paper investigates the process of integration of Ukraine into the economic, social, and cultural space of the European Union; defines the European Union, describes its power institutions; reveals the problems and difficulties of Ukraine related to the integration process; examines how the military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine would affect the further development of the country's European integration. The materials of the study are of practical and theoretical value for political scientists, sociologists, other representatives of the scientific community and researchers on the topic of European integration of Ukraine, who are interested in the features and aspects of this process, investigate the problems that prevent the Ukrainian state from moving along the path of European integration
Strengthening EU Defence Capabilities Under Conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian War
Authors: Czubenko Kornelia , Gendelis Deniss , Bschor Urs
Published: December 2022

The issued article describes the military-political dimension of the European Union's activity and its prospects for transformation into a collective security association within the framework of the Russian-Ukrainian war. This topic was the focus of researchers, however, it was considered by them in the context of the history of the European Union and did not involve a separate study. The purpose of this study is to consider the gradation of the defense capability of the European Union in the period from the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war (2014) to the moment of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine (2022) and the prospects for further development of this area within the EU. The basis of methodological basis of the research is a combination of general historical and political science methods, among which retrospective and institutional methods take the leading place. Analytical work with materials and selection of certain works for each of the tasks was accompanied by the use of critical-dialectical, historical-systemic, action, and problem-chronological methods. As a result of the study, it was found that the military component of the defense capability of the European Union consists of the review and development of the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), the creation of new defense programs (PESCO), “loyalty programs” (European Partnership Policy) and other possible structures for the emergence of a large security space on the borders with Russia and its satellites. The practical value of the work is revealed in the possibility of using the mentioned facts in the further study of the topic of the development of the defense sphere of the European Union in the 21st century, as well as the problems of supranational security formations, in particular on the territory of Europe
The Causality of the Abkhaz War and russia's Role in the Conflict
Authors: Gelenidze Zaza , Sekhniashvili Nana , Akhvlediani Amiran , Semeniy Ostap , Zalamai Vasile
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the research is determined by the active intervention of the occupying Russian troops and the implementation of the general policy of officials in the external and internal processes of the state system of post-Soviet countries, in particular, in the processes of the occupation of part of Georgia. The purpose of the work is to identify the main prerequisites for the beginning of the military conflict. The article used such methodological approaches as a theoretical approach, a formal-legal approach, a logical analysis method, a synthesis method, a deduction method, and others. The main reasons for Russia's aid to Abkhazia were identified, among which it is worth noting the geopolitical location of the territory, the obstruction of Georgia's accession to NATO, access to pipelines for the transport of hydrocarbon resources, and the increase in the sphere of influence in the space of post-Soviet countries. A detailed analysis of the factors influencing political and military processes in Abkhazia by Russia was carried out. An important stage during the work was proving the fact about the policy of a violent nature, which is manifested in the occupation and annexation of sovereign territory by another state. It was found that Russia usually uses a wide range of military and non-military influence tools and methods to implement its plans; such influence is carried out on a systemic basis and has a comprehensive character in various spheres. It is worth noting that the military confrontation between Russia and Georgia has a significant impact on the strategic and political outlook of Georgia and, directly, on the occupied region. The practical value of the obtained results will help establish the cause-and-effect relationship of the Russian-Georgian confrontation and highlight the role of Russia as an aggressor state, which will help to highlight ways to avoid possible military conflicts for other countries of the post-Soviet space
The Foreign Policy of the UPR Directorate Through the Prism of Cooperation with the Entente
Authors: Merio Lisa , Lemonier Alain
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the article lies in the need to study the topic of the peculiarities of the functioning of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic and its international policy with the countries of the Entente and Europe, because in recent years access to new archival documents from the times of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917-1920 has opened. The purpose of the research work is to analyze the aspects of creation and management of foreign policy of the UNR Directorate, in particular V. Vinnichenko and S. Petliura, taking into account the specifics of cooperation with the Entente countries, as well as the determination of the achievements and losses of the Directorate, which influenced the creation of the Ukrainian state. Research methods were used in the work, namely: chronological, historical, and analytical methods. Ukrainian and foreign historiography was analyzed, which described aspects of the foreign policy activity of the Directorate of the Ukrainian People's Republic, highlighted the greatest achievements during the conduct of foreign policy and the peculiarities of the Directorate's struggle for the liberation of the Ukrainian people and the recognition of Ukraine as a state by Europe and the world as a whole. The results of the study are the determination of specific actions by the Directory that led to the recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic, namely the establishment of rights and laws for the population. It was established that the authorities did not have a specific example from the side of running the state, which explains the use of erroneous policies by the leadership, and despite all the problems created on the way to the creation of a new state, the result of such work was the formation of a clear structure of diplomacy and the recognition of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The practical significance of the results obtained in the research lies in their use to continue learning about the topic of the formation and work of the Directory, as well as the movements of national diplomacy during the creation of state entities and the creation of Ukraine. The results of the study can serve as a basis for creating analytics regarding Ukraine's foreign policy and possible prospects for cooperation with neighboring countries
Features of Adaptation of Ukrainian Refugees in the EU, Great Britain, USA, and Canada
Authors: Sokar Anna , Wells Ian , Leod Martin , Reeners Alan , Stephanes Mark
Published: December 2022

Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths, destruction of cities and towns, homes and infrastructure. The constant threat is a consequence of the large flow of refugees who are forced to leave the country in search of security and asylum. European Union countries, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada have accepted those fleeing the war and provided temporary protection. The relevance of the study consists in the identification of ways for assistance and benefits conferred, which are aimed at adapting and supporting Ukrainian refugees. The purpose of this paper is to study the features of adaptation of Ukrainian refugees in the EU, Great Britain, USA, and Canada, the socio-psychological state of refugees during the adaptation period, to compare the concepts of “refugee” and “person in need of temporary protection”, the characteristics of the social assistance package for Ukrainian refugees. The methods used to investigate the topic are: comparative, legal recognition, logical and legal method, hermeneutical method, analysis, etc. The results of this study are a comparison of the main concepts, including: “refugee”, “person in need of temporary protection”, characteristics of Ukrainian and international laws and regulations on refugee protection issues, clarification of the features of adaptation of Ukrainian refugees in the EU countries, Great Britain, USA, and Canada, psychological aspects of refugee adaptation, comparative analysis of social assistance and benefits for refugees between EU countries, Great Britain, USA, and Canada, processing statistics to compare the number of refugees between countries that provide asylum and protection. The provisions presented in this paper reveal the current problems of adaptation of Ukrainian refugees in the EU, Great Britain, USA, and Canada and may be useful for further study
As relações entre o homem cordial e os bestializados no (não) exercício da cidadania brasileira
Authors: Neves Ralph
Published: December 2022

O tema proposto neste trabalho tratou das relações entre o Homem Cordial e os bestializados no (não) exercício da cidadania brasileira. Desse modo, serviram como referências as obras Raízes do Brasil (1936), de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda e Os bestializados: O Rio de Janeiro e a República que não foi (1987), de José Murilo de Carvalho. O principal objetivo do estudo foi analisar as relações entre o Homem Cordial e os bestializados enquanto “não-cidadãos”. O caminho metodológico percorrido foi fomentado pela pesquisa bibliográfica, visando conceituar alguns temas relevantes como: cidadão/cidadania, Homem Cordial, bestializados, atitude blasé, dentre outros. Destaca-se que esses foram caracterizados a partir do conceito de “tipos ideais” de Max Weber. Os resultados alcançados foram condizentes com as pretensões do trabalho, em especial no que tange às semelhanças entre o Homem Cordial e os bestializados, demonstradas através do não-exercício da cidadania, visto que direitos políticos e sociais pertenciam à minoria. Da mesma forma, foi possível entender o relevante papel científico que a Sociologia traz às discussões acadêmicas, sobretudo quando ela foge às tentações de alcançar a verdade absoluta, e se abre às novas reflexões e teorias.
Quanto custa ser feliz? Sobre mecanismos e programas imperativos de consumo do ser na sociedade neoliberal
Authors: Caetano Carla , Brandão Leonardo
Published: December 2022

Neste artigo resenhamos e analisamos o livro “Felicidade Autêntica – Use a Psicologia Positiva para alcançar todo seu potencial” de Martin E. P. Seligman. A intenção da análise é problematizar o discurso hegemônico da psicologia positiva que se funda como dominante na atualidade. Como método usamos a análise de discurso de Michael Foucault, na busca de averiguar o que emerge como dominante no que tange a problemática em questão. Percebemos que o discurso sobre felicidade é construído de modo pontual, pragmático e com caráter indutivo. Sempre se parte de um lugar do sujeito individual, de experiências individuais para construir um padrão de ser, que visa individualizar condutas em função dos resultados demonstrados pelo autor e por sua teoria psicológica. A partir de nossa análise entendemos que a psicologia fundada em prol desse discurso de positividade funciona dentro de uma ética utilitarista, e por vezes atua como uma reprodutora de padrões hegemônicos da sociedade neoliberal.