bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide profiling of transfer RNAs and their role as novel prognostic markers for breast cancer
Authors: Krishnan Preethi , Ghosh Sunita , Wang Bo , Heyns Mieke , Li Dongping , Mackey John R. , Kovalchuk Olga , Damaraju Sambasivarao
Published: September 2016

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs, key molecules in protein synthesis) have not been investigated as potential prognostic markers in breast cancer (BC), despite early findings of their dysregulation and diagnostic potential. We aim to comprehensively profile tRNAs from breast tissues and to evaluate their role as prognostic markers (Overall Survival, OS and Recurrence Free Survival, RFS). tRNAs were profiled from 11 normal breast and 104 breast tumor tissues using next generation sequencing. We adopted a Case-control (CC) and Case-Only (CO) association study designs. Risk scores constructed from tRNAs were subjected to univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazards regression to investigate their prognostic value. Of the 571 tRNAs profiled, 76 were differentially expressed (DE) and three were significant for OS in the CC approach. We identified an additional 11 tRNAs associated with OS and 14 tRNAs as significant for RFS in the CO approach, indicating that CC alone may not capture all discriminatory tRNAs in prognoses. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant in the multivariate analysis as independent prognostic factors, and patients belonging to high-risk group were associated with poor prognosis. Our results confirmed global up-regulation of tRNAs in BC and identified tRNAs as potential novel prognostic markers for BC.
Holographic intravital microscopy for 2-D and 3-D imaging intact circulating blood cells in microcapillaries of live mice
Authors: Kim Kyoohyun , Choe Kibaek , Park Inwon , Kim Pilhan , Park YongKeun
Published: September 2016

Intravital microscopy is an essential tool that reveals behaviours of live cells under conditions close to natural physiological states. So far, although various approaches for imaging cells in vivo have been proposed, most require the use of labelling and also provide only qualitative imaging information. Holographic imaging approach based on measuring the refractive index distributions of cells, however, circumvent these problems and offer quantitative and label-free imaging capability. Here, we demonstrate in vivo two- and three-dimensional holographic imaging of circulating blood cells in intact microcapillaries of live mice. The measured refractive index distributions of blood cells provide morphological and biochemical properties including three-dimensional cell shape, haemoglobin concentration, and haemoglobin contents at the individual cell level. With the present method, alterations in blood flow dynamics in live healthy and sepsis-model mice were also investigated.
Biosynthesis and Regulation of Wheat Amylose and Amylopectin from Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Characterization of Granule-binding Proteins
Authors: Chen Guan-Xing , Zhou Jian-Wen , Liu Yan-Lin , Lu Xiao-Bing , Han Cai-Xia , Zhang Wen-Ying , Xu Yan-Hao , Yan Yue-Ming
Published: September 2016

Waxy starch has an important influence on the qualities of breads. Generally, grain weight and yield in waxy wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are significantly lower than in bread wheat. In this study, we performed the first proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of starch granule-binding proteins by comparing the waxy wheat cultivar Shannong 119 and the bread wheat cultivar Nongda 5181. These results indicate that reduced amylose content does not affect amylopectin synthesis, but it causes significant reduction of total starch biosynthesis, grain size, weight and grain yield. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis identified 40 differentially expressed protein (DEP) spots in waxy and non-waxy wheats, which belonged mainly to starch synthase (SS) I, SS IIa and granule-bound SS I. Most DEPs involved in amylopectin synthesis showed a similar expression pattern during grain development, suggesting relatively independent amylose and amylopectin synthesis pathways. Phosphoproteome analysis of starch granule-binding proteins, using TiO2 microcolumns and LC-MS/MS, showed that the total number of phosphoproteins and their phosphorylation levels in ND5181 were significantly higher than in SN119, but proteins controlling amylopectin synthesis had similar phosphorylation levels. Our results revealed the lack of amylose did not affect the expression and phosphorylation of the starch granule-binding proteins involved in amylopectin biosynthesis.
Selective recognition and imaging of bacterial model membranes over mammalian ones by using cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes
Authors: Kahveci Z. , Vázquez-Guilló R. , Mira A. , Martinez L. , Falcó A. , Mallavia R. , Mateo C. R.
Published: September 2016

This work describes the use of cationic polyfluorenes as fluorescent markers to selectively recognize bacterial membranes.
Colorimetric analysis of the decomposition of S-nitrosothiols on paper-based microfluidic devices
Authors: Ismail Abdulghani , Araújo Marillya O. , Chagas Cyro L. S. , Griveau Sophie , D'Orlyé Fanny , Varenne Anne , Bedioui Fethi , Coltro Wendell K. T.
Published: September 2016

A disposable paper microfluidic device was developed to analyse different S-nitrosothiols simultaneously decomposed by Hg2+ as well as UV, Vis and IR lamps.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on external perturbations inducing secondary structure changes of hemoglobin
Authors: Lu Rui , Li Wen-Wei , Katzir Abraham , Raichlin Yosef , Mizaikoff Boris , Yu Han-Qing
Published: September 2016

The secondary structure of proteins and their conformation are intimately related to their biological functions.
A capillary-based multiplexed isothermal nucleic acid-based test for sexually transmitted diseases in patients
Authors: Xu Gaolian , Zhao Hang , Cooper Jonathan M. , Reboud Julien
Published: September 2016

A sample-to-answer nucleic-acid based assay, processed magnetically inside capillaries, enables multiplexing analysis in low resource settings.
Shape control of zincblende CdSe nanoplatelets
Authors: Bertrand Guillaume H. V. , Polovitsyn Anatolii , Christodoulou Sotirios , Khan Ali Hossain , Moreels Iwan
Published: September 2016

Water matters: the aspect ratio of CdSe nanoplatelets can be precisely tuned by adjusting the fraction of hydrated cadmium acetate in the synthesis.
A robust and quantitative assay platform for multiplexed, high throughput screening of protein kinase inhibitors
Authors: Lee Jieon , Park Il-Soo , Park Ginam , Cho Kyukwang , Park Hee-Sung , Min Dal-Hee
Published: September 2016

We present a new platform for multiplexed protein kinase activity assay using TiO2decorated graphene oxide (GO), which is applicable to high throughput inhibitor screening.
A fuel-limited isothermal DNA machine for the sensitive detection of cellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Wu Tongbo , Xiao Yu , Xu Lei , Fang Simin , Zhao Meiping
Published: September 2016

A fuel-limited isothermal DNA machine has been built for the fluorescence detection of cellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) at the fmol level.
Dual rhodium/copper catalysis: synthesis of benzo[b]fluorenes and 2-naphthalenylmethanones via de-diazotized cycloadditions
Authors: Wu Ya-Nan , Xu Ting , Fu Rong , Wang Nan-Nan , Hao Wen-Juan , Wang Shu-Liang , Li Guigen , Tu Shu-Jiang , Jiang Bo
Published: September 2016

A novel synergistic rhodium/copper catalysis has been established, enabling de-diazotized cycloadditions toward the selective formation of benzo[b]fluorenes and 2-naphthalenylmethanones.
Delayed ignition and propulsion of catalytic microrockets based on fuel-induced chemical dealloying of the inner alloy layer
Authors: Jodra Adrián , Soto Fernando , Lopez-Ramirez Miguel Angel , Escarpa Alberto , Wang Joseph
Published: September 2016

The delayed ignition of catalytic microrockets based on chemical dealloying of an inner alloy layer is demonstrated.
The divide-and-conquer second-order proton propagator method based on nuclear orbital plus molecular orbital theory for the efficient computation of proton binding energies
Authors: Tsukamoto Yusuke , Ikabata Yasuhiro , Romero Jonathan , Reyes Andrés , Nakai Hiromi
Published: September 2016

An efficient computational method to evaluate the binding energies of many protons in large systems was developed.
Theoretical and experimental investigation on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of layered Mn5O8
Authors: Kishore M. R. Ashwin , Okamoto H. , Patra Lokanath , Vidya R. , Sjåstad Anja O. , Fjellvåg H. , Ravindran P.
Published: September 2016

Using density functional theory calculations and NPD measurements, we have identified that Mn5O8is a strongly correlated mixed valent antiferromagnetic metal.
Adsorption of single 1,8-octanedithiol molecules on Cu(100)
Authors: Villagómez Carlos J. , Castanié Fabien , Momblona Cristina , Gauthier Sébastien , Zambelli Tomaso , Bouju Xavier
Published: September 2016

STM experiments and calculations have allowed identifying the most favorable conformation of a single octanedithiol molecule on a copper surface.
Fast and slow dynamics and the local structure of liquid and supercooled water next to a hydrophobic amino acid
Authors: Martiniano H. F. M. C. , Galamba N.
Published: September 2016

We study, through molecular dynamics simulations, the structure and orientational dynamics of water next to a blocked hydrophobic amino acid, valine (Val), above and below the freezing point of water.
On describing the optoelectronic characteristics of poly(benzodithiophene-co-quinoxaline)–fullerene complexes: the influence of optimally tuned density functionals
Authors: Kastinen T. , Niskanen M. , Risko C. , Cramariuc O. , Hukka T. I.
Published: September 2016

Tuning the range-separation parameter and including the dispersion corrections are important on describing the local optoelectronic properties of polymer–fullerene interfaces.
An attempt to correlate surface physics with chemical properties: molecular beam and Kelvin probe investigations of Ce1−xZrxO2 thin films
Authors: Kolekar Sadhu K. , Dubey Anjani , Date Kalyani S. , Datar Suwarna , Gopinath Chinnakonda S.
Published: September 2016

Physical (surface potential) and chemical properties (chemisorption and O-storage) measured on Ce1−xZrxO2 surfaces are found to be in an excellent correlation.
Theoretical calculation of the vibrational state dependent photodetachment spectra of X−H2O, X = F, Cl, Br
Authors: Punyain Wikorn , Takahashi Kaito
Published: September 2016

The simulated vibrational state dependent photodetachment spectra for X−H2O (X = F, Cl, Br).
NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanofibers and nanobelts: facile construction technique, structure and bifunctionality of luminescence and enhanced paramagnetic performances
Authors: Li Dan , Ma Qianli , Song Yan , Xi Xue , Dong Xiangting , Yu Wensheng , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia
Published: September 2016

NaGdF4:Dy3+ nanofibers and nanobelts with excellent luminescence-magnetic bi-functionality were fabricated via a combination of electrospinning and calcination with fluorination technology.
Bidirectional particle transport and size selective sorting of Brownian particles in a flashing spatially periodic energy landscape
Authors: Martinez-Pedrero Fernando , Massana-Cid Helena , Ziegler Till , Johansen Tom H. , Straube Arthur V. , Tierno Pietro
Published: September 2016

Precise bidirectional transport and size fractionation of microscopic colloidal particles is demonstratedviasquare-wave modulation of a magnetic landscape.
Stress–strain behavior of block-copolymers and their nanocomposites filled with uniform or Janus nanoparticles under shear: a molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Hongji , Li Fanzhu , Shen Jianxiang , Zheng Zijian , Gao Yangyang , Liu Jun , Wu Youping , Zhang Liqun
Published: September 2016

We adopted molecular dynamics simulation to study the relation between the ordered structures and the resulting mechanical properties of block copolymers filled with uniform or Janus nanoparticles.
In vitro bioaccessibility, transepithelial transport and antioxidant activity of Urtica dioica L. phenolic compounds in nettle based food products
Authors: Bonetti Gianpiero , Tedeschi Paola , Meca Giuseppe , Bertelli Davide , Mañes Jordi , Brandolini Vincenzo , Maietti Annalisa
Published: September 2016

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a well-known plant with a wide historical background use of stems, roots and leaves.
One-pot, two-step cascade synthesis of naturally rarel-erythro (3S,4S) ketoses by coupling a thermostable transaminase and transketolase
Authors: Lorillière Marion , De Sousa Maxime , Bruna Felipe , Heuson Egon , Gefflaut Thierry , de Berardinis Véronique , Saravanan Thangavelu , Yi Dong , Fessner Wolf-Dieter , Charmantray Franck , Hecquet Laurence
Published: September 2016

Naturally rarel-erythro(3S,4S)-ketoses were prepared at high temperatures through a simultaneous two-step enzymatic cascade synthesis with excellent stereoselectivity.
Compressed sensing in spectroscopy for chemical analysis
Authors: Gamez Gerardo
Published: September 2016

An intuitive view of compressed sensing is presented with selected examples to highlight its potential impact in atomic spectrometry.
Chemical epigenetics to assess the role of HDAC1–3 inhibition in macrophage pro-inflammatory gene expression
Authors: Ourailidou Maria E. , Leus Niek G. J. , Krist Kim , Lenoci Alessia , Mai Antonello , Dekker Frank J.
Published: September 2016

Azobenzene ortho-aminoanilides inhibit HDACs 1–3 and possess anti-inflammatory properties in murine macrophages.
Comparison of the metabolism of inorganic and organic selenium species between two selenium accumulator plants, garlic and Indian mustard
Authors: Ogra Yasumitsu , Ogihara Yurie , Anan Yasumi
Published: September 2016

Selenomethionine (SeMet) can be metabolized into other selenoamino acids such as Se-methylselenocysteine and selenohomolanthionine in selenium-accumulator plants.
Robustly supported rhodium nanoclusters: synthesis and application in selective hydrogenation of lignin derived phenolic compounds
Authors: Fehn Sonja , Zaheer Muhammad , Denner Christine E. , Friedrich Martin , Kempe Rhett
Published: September 2016

Rh@SiCN catalysts synthesized using a one-pot process afford selective hydrogenation of phenolic compounds.
Comparative mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategies for the investigation of microbial secondary metabolites
Authors: Covington Brett C. , McLean John A. , Bachmann Brian O.
Published: September 2016

This report focuses on mass spectrometry-based workflows to discern secondary metabolites from complex microbial sources from instrumental to bioinformatics considerations.
Synthesis of furostanol glycosides: discovery of a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor
Authors: Wang Peng , Hao Jiejie , Zhang Xiuli , Wang Cong , Guan Huashi , Li Ming
Published: September 2016

The synthesis of a panel of furostanol glycosides has been accomplished, and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity is evaluated.
Kinetic and mechanistic aspects of the iodine transfer copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride with 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene and functionalization into ω-hydroxy fluorinated copolymers
Authors: Banerjee Sanjib , Zaghloul Saad , Alaaeddine Ali , Ameduri Bruno
Published: September 2016

ω-Hydroxy functionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride) prepared in a water-based non-fluorinated solvent by iodine transfer copolymerization VDF and 1234yf.
Surface-initiated SET living radical polymerisation for the synthesis of silica–polymer core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Tom Jessica , Ohno Kohji , Perrier Sébastien
Published: September 2016

We report the use of surface-initiated single-electron transfer living radical polymerisation (SI SET-LRP) to prepare inorganic–organic core–shell nanoparticles with functional grafted chains of high molecular weight.
Flexible assembly of targeting agents on porous magnetic nano-cargos by inclusion complexation for accurate drug delivery
Authors: Li Dian , Sun Luyan , Zhang Yuting , Yu Meng , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun
Published: September 2016

Porous magnetic nano-cargos with targeting folate molecules immobilized by inclusion complexation and large inner pores conjugated with anti-cancer drug doxorubicin have been demonstrated as a universal targeting drug delivery platform.
A copper(ii)-catalyzed three-component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, sulfur dioxide, with alkenes
Authors: Mao Runyu , Yuan Zheng , Zhang Rui , Ding Yechun , Fan Xiaona , Wu Jie
Published: September 2016

A three-component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, sulfur dioxide, with alkenes catalyzed by copper(ii) bromide is developed, which provides an efficient route to (E)-alkenyl sulfones or allylic sulfones via the insertion of sulfur dioxide.
Non-enzymatic glycation mediated structure–function changes in proteins: case of serum albumin
Authors: Awasthi Saurabh , Saraswathi N. T.
Published: September 2016

Albumin, a major plasma protein with extraordinary ligand binding properties, transports various ligands ranging from drugs, hormones, fatty acids, and toxins to different tissues and organs in the body.
Waterborne polyurethanes based on macrocyclic thiacalix[4]arenes as novel emulsifiers: synthesis, characterization and anti-corrosion properties
Authors: Mohammadi Abbas , Lakouraj Moslem Mansour , Barikani Mehdi
Published: September 2016

1,3-alternate derivatives of thiacalix[4]arenes were employed as new macrocyclic emulsifiers to synthesize waterborne polyurethanes as environmental friendly anti-corrosive coatings for mild steel.
Chemiluminescent properties of a fluorescent SiC·SiOx composite
Authors: Lin Zhen , Wu Namei , Yao Wensong , Chen Jinyuan , Li Shaoguang , Liu Ailin , Lin Xinhua
Published: September 2016

One-pot hydrothermally synthesized SiC·SiOx has enhancement on the chemiluminescence (CL) from the Ce(iv)–Na2SO3 system. The increased generation of singlet oxygen and electron–hole annihilation in SiC·SiOx both contributed to the CL emission.
Oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube modified separator for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries with high sulfur loading
Authors: Cheng Xing , Wang Weikun , Wang Anbang , Yuan Keguo , Jin Zhaoqing , Yang Yusheng , Zhao Xiuying
Published: September 2016

An oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube (o-MWCNT) coating (0.4 mg cm−2) for improving the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur battery with sulfur loading of 5.0 mg cm−2 ​has been presented.
Solid-state fluorescent composite phosphor based on cellulose grafted with carbon dots for temperature sensing
Authors: You Yaqin , Zhang Haoran , Liu Yingliang , Lei Bingfu
Published: September 2016

Blue phosphors consisting of cellulose and carbon dots (CDs) have been prepared successfully for the first time, which show excellent fluorescent temperature sensing properties.
I-motif-stapled and spacer-dependent multiple DNA nanostructures
Authors: Ren Jiangtao , Wang Tianshu , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin
Published: September 2016

The DNA spacers between duplexes and i-motif structures are critical for the morphology of assembled pH-responsive DNA nanostructures, which is very instructive for fabrication of distinct-scale molecular devices in the future.
Semi-bio-based aromatic polyamides from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid: toward high-performance polymers from renewable resources
Authors: Luo Kaiju , Wang Yan , Yu Junrong , Zhu Jing , Hu Zuming
Published: September 2016

Aromatic furanic polyamides with relatively high molecular weight were synthesized, and good thermal stability and mechanical properties were demonstrated.
The toxicity of graphene quantum dots
Authors: Wang Shujun , Cole Ivan S. , Li Qin
Published: September 2016

This review provides a comprehensive account on the current research status regarding the toxicity of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) – a new nano material with profound potential in various advanced applications.
Removal of chromium from laboratory wastewater using preparation–adsorption technology with a Mg/Al/Cr layered compound
Authors: Wang Xue-Jin , Zhu Xia-Ping , Lan Lu-Mei , Zuo Hong-Bao
Published: September 2016

A Mg/Al/Cr layered compound (Mg/Al/Cr(iii)–LDH) was prepared using laboratory wastewater containing Cr(iii), and the calcined Mg/Al/Cr(iii)–LDH compound (Mg/Al/Cr(iii)–CLDH) was applied to remove Cr(vi) from laboratory wastewater.
A reaction-based fluorescent turn-on probe for Cu2+ in complete aqueous solution
Authors: Zhu Dongjian , Luo Yanghe , Yan Xiaowei , Xie Wei , Cai Wen , Zhong Xing
Published: September 2016

FP can detect Cu2+ in complete aqueous solution with a rapid response time, high sensitivity, and high selectivity.
Synthesis of magnetic microporous organic nanotube networks for adsorption application
Authors: Zhou Minghong , Zhang Hui , Xiong Linfeng , He Zidong , Zhong Aiqing , Wang Tianqi , Xu Yang , Huang Kun
Published: September 2016

Magnetic microporous organic nanotube networks (Fe3O4-MONNs) are successfully synthesized by an in situ hyper-cross-linking reaction between magnetic nanoparticles and core–shell bottlebrush copolymers.
Application of ferrocene-resorcinarene in silver nanoparticle synthesis
Authors: Sergeeva Tatiana Yu. , Samigullina Aida I. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Nizameev Irek R. , Kadirov Marsil K. , Mukhitova Rezeda K. , Ziganshina Albina Y. , Konovalov Alexander I.
Published: September 2016

An amphiphilic resorcinarene with ferrocene groups at the lower rim has been applied as both reductant and stabilizer in the synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles.
The effect of sodium on antimony selenide thin film solar cells
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Ying , Luo Jiajun , Chen Wenhao , Yang Bo , Wen Xixing , Lu Shuaicheng , Chen Chao , Zeng Kai , Song Huaibing , Tang Jiang
Published: September 2016

Sodium (Na) has been identified as a benign contaminant in some thin film solar cells.
Bromine substituted aminonaphthoquinones: synthesis, characterization, DFT and metal ion binding studies
Authors: Agarwal Gunjan , Lande Dipali N. , Chakrovarty Debamitra , Gejji Shridhar P. , Gosavi-Mirkute Prajakta , Patil Amit , Salunke-Gawali Sunita
Published: September 2016

Bromine substituted aminonaphthoquinones – chemosensors for metal ions.
Copper carbenes alkylate guanine chemoselectively through a substrate directed reaction
Authors: Geigle Stefanie N. , Wyss Laura A. , Sturla Shana J. , Gillingham Dennis G.
Published: September 2016

Cu(i) carbenes derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds lead to selective alkylation of the O6position in guanine (O6-G) in mono- and oligonucleotides.
Correction: Visualising mouse neuroanatomy and function by metal distribution using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Paul Bence , Hare Dominic J. , Bishop David P. , Paton Chad , Nguyen Van Tran , Cole Nerida , Niedwiecki Megan M. , Andreozzi Erica , Vais Angela , Billings Jessica L. , Bray Lisa , Bush Ashley I. , McColl Gawain , Roberts Blaine R. , Adlard Paul A. , Finkelstein David I. , Hellstrom John , Hergt Janet M. , Woodhead Jon D. , Doble Philip A.
Published: September 2016

Correction for ‘Visualising mouse neuroanatomy and function by metal distribution using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry imaging’ by Bence Paul et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 5383–5393.
Health and rescue services management system during a crisis event
Authors: Kyriacou Efthyvoulos , Nicolaidou Iolie , Hadjichristofi George , Kyprianou Stelios , Christou Synesios , Constantinou Riana
Published: September 2016

Τhe performance of rescuers and personnel handling major emergencies or crisis events can be significantly improved through continuous training and through technology support. The work done in order to create a system has been discussed which can support both resources and victims during a crisis or major emergency event. More specifically, the system supports real‐time management of firefighter teams, rescue teams, health services, and victims during a major disaster. It can be deployed in an ad hoc manner in the disaster area, as a stand‐alone infrastructure (using its own telecommunications and power). It mainly consists of a control station, which is installed in the area command centre, the firefighters units, the rescuers units, the ambulance vehicles units, and the telemedicine units that can be used in order to support victim handling at the casualties clearing station. The system has been tested and improved through continuous communication with experts and through professional exercises; the results and conclusions are presented.
Comprehensive multi‐objective scalarisation optimisation of a permanent magnet machine with correlation parameters stratified method
Authors: Yin Jianing , Zhu Xiaoyong , Quan Li , Zhang Chao , Xiang Zixuan
Published: September 2016

With the increasingly high requirements in high‐quality motor driving system, the multi‐objective optimisation of permanent magnet (PM) machines has become a hot issue in recent years. However, such multi‐objective optimisation is often concerned with high‐dimensional optimisation problems and the obtained Pareto optimal points are non‐single, hence it is relatively complex and difficult to obtain a definite result in the design of PM machine. In this study, a comprehensive multi‐objective scalarisation optimisation approach with the correlation parameters stratified method is proposed, where not only the impacts of each design parameter on objectives are investigated, but also the interactions among the design parameters themselves are considered and analysed in detail. In addition, by introducing the weight factors of the desired objectives, the multi‐objective optimisation is transformed into a simplified scalar optimisation problem. Then, an interior PM machine with L‐shaped PMs is investigated by using the proposed method. Finally, based on the optimised result, a prototype machine is built and tested. Both simulation and experiment results verify the validity of the proposed method.
Modelling dynamic demand response for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles based on real‐time charging pricing
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Qi Jintao , Zhang Jiangfeng , He Liangce , Zhao Hao
Published: September 2016

Based on the benefits of real‐time pricing both to individual users and the society as a whole, this study introduces a real‐time charging price (RTCP) mechanism supported by an intelligent charging management module into plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) charging environment. The optimal RTCP is executed by a distributed algorithm using a utility model to maximise the whole charging system welfare. The willingness‐to‐charge parameter is derived to reflect the charging preferences of PHEV users and their different responses to the RTCP. Several scenarios are established to discuss the effect of both the RTCP and willingness‐to‐charge on charging load. The simulation results show that reasonable charging will be realised based on the optimal RTCP mechanism.
Recloser time–current–voltage characteristic for fuse saving in distribution networks with DG
Authors: Jamali Sadegh , Borhani‐Bahabadi Hossein
Published: September 2016

Utilities apply a fuse‐saving strategy during auto‐reclosing on transient faults. Integration of distribution generation (DG) into distribution networks (DNs) challenges this strategy as the fault current contribution from the DG may lead to the loss of recloser–fuse coordination. This study proposes a relaying scheme to be applied on microprocessor‐based reclosers for fuse saving under transient fault conditions. A relay operating characteristic is defined which utilises voltage and current magnitudes at the recloser location. The voltage term in the relay characteristic compensates for the reclosing delay resulting from the DG fault contribution. The main features of the relaying scheme are use of local measurements, i.e. no communication link is required, and its independence of number and location of DG. The proposed relaying scheme is validated by simulation study on a practical 20 kV Iranian DN. It is shown that the new scheme maintains proper recloser–fuse coordination for different fault conditions and DG configurations. Moreover, the maximum DG penetration in different locations is obtained whilst the recloser–fuse coordination is upheld. It is shown in a comparative study that the proposed relaying scheme can maintain the coordination for higher DG penetrations than a recent adaptive method reported in the literature.
Fundamental characteristics of Wi‑Fi and wireless local area network re‐identification for transportation
Authors: Goodall Noah J.
Published: September 2016

Many transportation agencies use re‐identification technologies to identify vehicles at multiple points along the roadway as a way to measure travel times and congestion. Examples of these technologies include license plate readers, toll tag transponders, and media access control (MAC) address scanners for Bluetooth devices. Recent advancements have allowed for the detection of unique MAC addresses from Wi‑Fi and wireless local area network enabled devices. This study represents one of the first attempts to measure the fundamental characteristics of Wi‑Fi re‐identification technology as it applies to transportation data collection. Wi‑Fi sampling rates, re‐identification rates, range, transmission success rates, and probability of discovery of sensors and mobile devices were measured, and a model of probability of detection is presented. Field tests found that mobile phones routinely experienced significant time gaps between Wi‑Fi transmissions. The study recommends that Wi‑Fi sensors be deployed at low‐volume, low‐speed roadways, with sensors positioned near intersections where vehicles are likely to slow or stop. Due to Wi‑Fi's relatively low probability of discovery, the technology may produce poor results in applications that require re‐identifying vehicles over multiple consecutive sensors.
Bifurcation behaviour of PWM controlled DC series motor drive
Authors: Kundu Susmita , Chatterjee Debashis , Chakrabarty Krishnendu
Published: September 2016

This study presents a detailed investigation on bifurcation of general period‐1 behaviour in a pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled dc series motor drive system. Existence of quasi‐periodic behaviour and different bifurcation routes are mainly explored for the drive system under voltage mode control. Occurrences of different types of bifurcations are also validated by computing Floquet multipliers. An algorithm is proposed to introduce a new concept for identification of various system parameters to operate the motor drive in stable period‐1 mode. The algorithm is based on Newton–Raphson method and results obtained from the proposed algorithm are presented by stability boundary diagram. MATLAB simulations as well as experimental investigations are performed on a 500 W, 220 V, 1800 rpm dc series motor to study the qualitative behaviour of the motor drive system under variations of different control parameters and also to validate the proposed algorithm.
Electrodeposition of Ni–Co double hydroxide composite nanosheets on Fe substrate for high‐performance supercapacitor electrode
Authors: Jiang Liyang , Sui Yanwei , Qi Jiqiu , Chang Yuan , He Yezeng , Wei Fuxiang , Meng Qingkun , Sun Zhi
Published: September 2016

In this work, Ni–Co double hydroxide composite nanosheets with network structure grown on conductive substrate of Fe foil was synthesised by a facile electrochemical deposition method. This structure is responsible for high electrochemical performance with specific capacitance of 853.7 F g−1 at the current density of 1.0 A g−1 and long‐term cycling stability of 85% capacitance retention at 4 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. These results suggest that low‐cost Fe foil can be used as effective collector for high performance supercapacitors.
Positive Oct -3/4 and D2–40 Immunohistochemical Expression in Germ Cells and Suspected Histology Pattern of Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia in Boys with Cryptorchidism Vanish after the Age of 2 Years
Authors: Clasen-Linde Erik , Cortes Dina , Thorup Jorgen
Published: September 2016

Introduction Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is a precursor to testicular germ cell cancer. Adult germ cell cancer immunohistochemical markers may fail to detect ITGCN in prepubertal boys with congenital cryptorchidism, because positive immunohistochemistry is commonly seen in boys younger than the age of 2 years, where most orchiopexies are performed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic challenge to differentiate between a histological pattern of ITGCN and a histological pattern with some atypical germ cells and all positive cancer immunohistochemical markers, but no increased risk of malignancy.

Materials and Methods Histology sections from 373 testicular biopsies from 289 boys aged 1 month to 2 years operated for cryptorchidism were incubated with primary antibodies including anti-placental-like-alkaline phosphatase, antiOct-3/4, anti-C-kit, anti-D2–40, and in case of repeat biopsy with anti-stem cell factor (SCF) receptor.

Results The prevalence of Oct-3/4 and D2–40-positive staining of germ cells in testicular biopsies were in age groups less than 6 months, 100% and 50%; 6–12 months, 60% and 17%; and 1–2 years, 12% and 4%. A 1 year, 1-month-old boy with Prader–Willi syndrome treated with growth hormone had ITGCN in both cryptorchid testes. In another three bilateral nonsyndromic cases, 8 months, 8 months and 1-year-old, a histological pattern in accordance with ITGCN was found. These three boys had a repeat biopsy from both testes performed at the age of 3 years, 4 months, 3.5 years, and 3 years, 10months, respectively. In all cases, the Oct-3/4 and D2–40 positive germ cells turned negative and the histological pattern normalized completely. The primary biopsies had SCF negative germ cells.

Conclusion This study is valuable in identifying the age-related change in Oct-3/4 or D2–40 immunopositive germ cells in seminiferous tubules. An ITGCN-like histological pattern in nonsyndromic cryptorchidism will vanish after the age of 3 years. Even when immunohistochemistry is applied, prepubertal ITGCN is so rarely demonstrated in cryptorchid testes, that it is not plausible that ITGCN generally originates during fetal development in cryptorchidism.
Incomplete elimination of precursor ligands during atomic layer deposition of zinc-oxide, tin-oxide, and zinc-tin-oxide
Authors: Mackus Adriaan J. M. , MacIsaac Callisto , Kim Woo-Hee , Bent Stacey F.
Published: September 2016

For atomic layer deposition (ALD) of doped, ternary, and quaternary materials achieved by combining multiple binary ALD processes, it is often difficult to correlate the material properties and growth characteristics with the process parameters due to a limited understanding of the underlying surface chemistry. In this work, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed during ALD of zinc-oxide, tin-oxide, and zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) with the precursors diethylzinc (DEZ), tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn), and H2O. The main aim was to investigate the molecular basis for the nucleation delay during ALD of ZTO, observed when ZnO ALD is carried out after SnO2 ALD. Gas-phase FTIR spectroscopy showed that dimethylamine, the main reaction product of the SnO2 ALD process, is released not only during SnO2 ALD but also when depositing ZnO after SnO2, indicating incomplete removal of the ligands of the TDMASn precursor from the surface. Transmission FTIR spectroscopy performed during ALD on SiO2 powder revealed that a significant fraction of the ligands persist during both SnO2 and ZnO ALD. These observations provide experimental evidence for a recently proposed mechanism, based on theoretical calculations, suggesting that the elimination of precursor ligands is often not complete. In addition, it was found that the removal of precursor ligands by H2O exposure is even less effective when ZnO ALD is carried out after SnO2 ALD, which likely causes the nucleation delay in ZnO ALD during the deposition of ZTO. The underlying mechanisms and the consequences of the incomplete elimination of precursor ligands are discussed.
Molecular simulation of the thermodynamic, structural, and vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of neon
Authors: Vlasiuk Maryna , Frascoli Federico , Sadus Richard J.
Published: September 2016

The thermodynamic, structural, and vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of neon are comprehensively studied using ab initio, empirical, and semi-classical intermolecular potentials and classical Monte Carlo simulations. Path integral Monte Carlo simulations for isochoric heat capacity and structural properties are also reported for two empirical potentials and one ab initio potential. The isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal pressure coefficient, isothermal and adiabatic compressibilities, Joule-Thomson coefficient, and the speed of sound are reported and compared with experimental data for the entire range of liquid densities from the triple point to the critical point. Lustig’s thermodynamic approach is formally extended for temperature-dependent intermolecular potentials. Quantum effects are incorporated using the Feynman-Hibbs quantum correction, which results in significant improvement in the accuracy of predicted thermodynamic properties. The new Feynman-Hibbs version of the Hellmann-Bich-Vogel potential predicts the isochoric heat capacity to an accuracy of 1.4% over the entire range of liquid densities. It also predicts other thermodynamic properties more accurately than alternative intermolecular potentials.
The stability of two layer dielectric-electrolyte micro-flow subjected to an external electric field
Authors: Demekhin E. A. , Ganchenko G. S. , Navarkar A. , Amiroudine S.
Published: September 2016

The two-phase microflow of conductive (electrolyte) and non-conductive (dielectric) viscous liquids bounded by two solid walls in an external electric field is scrutinized. The lower solid wall, which is adjoined to the electrolyte, is a charged dielectric surface; the upper wall which bounds the dielectric is insulated. The problem has a steady one-dimensional (1D) solution. The theoretical results for a plug-like velocity profile are successfully compared with available theoretical and experimental data from the literature. The linear stability of the steady-state flow is investigated numerically with spectral Galerkin’s method for solving linearized eigenvalue problem. This method was successfully applied for related problem of electroosmosis of ultrathin film. The numerical analysis provides insights on the coexistence of long and short-wave instabilities. The influence of control parameters such as the ratio of the viscosities of both liquids and the ratio of the channel heights on the stability of one-dimensional flow was investigated for different values of external electric field. The influence of an external pressure gradient on the flow stability is also investigated. The experimental facts established by other authors, according to which the system destabilizes if the electroosmotic flow is oppositely directed to the external pressure gradient, is confirmed in this work. Otherwise stabilization takes place.
Correlation between mobility collapse and carbon impurities in Si-doped GaN grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Kaess Felix , Mita Seiji , Xie Jingqiao , Reddy Pramod , Klump Andrew , Hernandez-Balderrama Luis H. , Washiyama Shun , Franke Alexander , Kirste Ronny , Hoffmann Axel , Collazo Ramón , Sitar Zlatko
Published: September 2016

In the low doping range below 1 × 1017 cm−3, carbon was identified as the main defect attributing to the sudden reduction of the electron mobility, the electron mobility collapse, in n-type GaN grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy has been performed in conjunction with C concentration and the thermodynamic Ga supersaturation model. By controlling the ammonia flow rate, the input partial pressure of Ga precursor, and the diluent gas within the Ga supersaturation model, the C concentration in Si-doped GaN was controllable from 6 × 1019 cm−3 to values as low as 2 × 1015 cm−3. It was found that the electron mobility collapsed as a function of free carrier concentration, once the Si concentration closely approached the C concentration. Lowering the C concentration to the order of 1015 cm−3 by optimizing Ga supersaturation achieved controllable free carrier concentrations down to 5 × 1015 cm−3 with a peak electron mobility of 820 cm2/V s without observing the mobility collapse. The highest electron mobility of 1170 cm2/V s was obtained even in metalorganic vapor deposition-grown GaN on sapphire substrates by optimizing growth parameters in terms of Ga supersaturation to reduce the C concentration.
Plasmonic localized heating beyond the diffraction limit via magnetic polariton excitation
Authors: Alshehri Hassan , Ying Xiaoyan , Wang Hao , Wang Liping
Published: September 2016

Optical localized heating in the nanoscale has recently attracted great attention due to its unique small hot spot size with high energy. However, the hot spot size is conventionally constrained by the diffraction limit. Plasmonic localized heating can provide solutions to this limitation in nanoscale patterning, cancer treatment, and data storage. Plasmonic approaches to overcome the diffraction limit in hot spot size have mainly utilized the excitation of surface plasmon or localized surface plasmon resonance. However, achieving plasmonic localized heating by the excitation of magnetic polariton has not been researched extensively yet. In this work, we numerically investigated the optical response of a nanoscale metamaterial composed of a gold nanowire array and a gold film separated by an ultrathin polymer spacer using ANSYS High Frequency Structural Simulator. A strong absorption peak at the wavelength of 760 nm was exhibited, and the underlying physical mechanism for the strong absorption was verified via the local electromagnetic field distribution to be magnetic resonance excitation. An inductor-capacitor circuit model was used to predict the magnetic resonance wavelength and compare with the numerical results for varied geometrical parameters. Volume loss density due to the strong local optical energy confinement was transferred as heat generation to an ANSYS thermal solver to obtain the local temperature profile. The steady state temperature profile shows an average temperature of 145 °C confined in a local area as small as 33 nm within the spacer, with a full-width at half-maximum of 50 nm along the x-direction. Moreover, the temperature rise from ambient drops to half its maximum value at a distance of 5 nm from the top of the spacer along the z-direction. This clearly demonstrates plasmonic localized heating beyond the diffraction limit via magnetic polariton excitation. Furthermore, the transient temperature profile shows that the system reached steady state within ∼0.36 μs.
Light helicity detection in MOS-based spin-photodiodes: An analytical model
Authors: Cantoni M. , Rinaldi C.
Published: September 2016

In a metal-oxide-semiconductor-based spin-photodiode, the helicity of an incoming light is efficiently converted into an electrical signal by exploiting (i) the helicity dependence of the degree of optical spin orientation for photogenerated carriers in the semiconductor and (ii) the spin-dependent tunneling transmission of the insulating barrier between the semiconductor and a ferromagnetic metal. Here, we propose a theoretical model for predicting the electrical response of the device to a circularly polarized light, by integrating the Fert-Jaffrès framework [A. Fert and H. Jaffrès, Phys. Rev. B 64, 184420 (2001)] with a helicity-dependent photo-generation term. A figure of merit, related to the variation of the electrical response to the switching of the light helicity from right to left, is defined, and its dependence on the constitutive parameters of the device (barrier resistivity and spin selectivity, semiconductor resistivity and spin diffusion length) is shown. Finally, a simple analytical formula for identifying the optimal resistance barrier leading to the maximum efficiency is found and experimentally validated on Fe/MgO/Ge spin-photodiodes.
Native point defect formation in flash sintered ZnO studied by depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Hantian , Asel Thaddeus J. , Cox Jon W. , Zhang Yuanyao , Luo Jian , Brillson L. J.
Published: September 2016

Depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy studies of flash sintered ZnO reveal that thermal runaway induces the formation of native point defects inside individual grains. Defects associated with oxygen vacancies (VO) form preferentially, contributing additional donors that increase conductivity within the grains of the polycrystalline material. Hyperspectral imaging of the granular cross sections shows filaments of increased VO following thermal runaway between the capacitor anode and cathode, supporting a heating mechanism localized on a granular scale. Within the grains, these defects form preferentially inside rather than at their boundaries, further localizing the dominant heating mechanism.
Horizontal stability of a bouncing ball
Authors: McBennett Brendan G. , Harris Daniel M.
Published: September 2016

We present an investigation of a partially elastic ball bouncing on a vertically vibrated concave parabolic surface in two dimensions. In particular, we demonstrate that simple vertical motion, wherein the ball bounces periodically at the parabola's vertex, is unstable to horizontal perturbations when the parabolic coefficient defining the surface shape exceeds a critical value. The result is a new periodic solution where the ball bounces laterally over the vertex. As the parabola is further steepened, this new solution also becomes unstable which gives rise to other complex periodic and chaotic bouncing states, all characterized by persistent lateral motion.
Regional allocation of energy intensity reduction target: The case of Henan province in China
Authors: Yue A. Hui , Wang B. Shanshan , Wang C. Ke , Tian D. Lulu , Wang E. Yixin , Zhang F. Ruiqin
Published: September 2016

Using a sample of 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan province, this study explored the regional allocation of energy intensity reduction targets from the following three viewpoints: equity principle with common but differentiated responsibilities; intensity reduction target fulfillment; and economic differences and reduction potential among regions. Based on a preliminary decomposition model, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Ward's hierarchical clustering, an intensity allocation method is proposed. First, the preliminary regional decomposition scheme is presented via the preliminary decomposition model. Then, a multi-criteria evaluation system consisting of four layers and covering 13 evaluation indicators is developed via the AHP method, and the evaluation results are analyzed via the cluster method to further improve the preliminary scheme. As decision makers may have different preferences when allocating the reduction burden, we allocate different weights to the indicators and analyze the results using a sensitivity analysis. The clustering results indicate that the 18 regions of Henan are divided into five categories, and each category has its own significant characteristics. Regions with high obligation and potential should share the largest reduction burden. The allocation results show that seven regions, including Zhengzhou and Luoyang, are expected from 2016 to 2020 to exceed the provincial average decrease rate of 16%.