bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pavón (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil
Authors: Neves Nívea Cristina Vieira , de Mello Morgana Pinheiro , Smith Sinéad Marian , Boylan Fabio , Caliari Marcelo Vidigal , Castilho Rachel Oliveira
Published: July 2022

Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastritis and peptic ulcers, and the number of resistant strains to multiple conventional antimicrobial agents has been increasing in different parts of the world. Several studies have shown that some essential oils (EO) have bioactive compounds, which can be attributed to antimicrobial activity. Therefore, EOs have been proposed as a natural alternative to antibiotics, or for use in combination with conventional treatment for H. pylori infection. Campomanesia lineatifolia is an edible species found in the Brazilian forests, and their leaves are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antioxidant properties are attributed to C. lineatifolia leaf extracts; however, studies related to the chemical constituents of the essential oil and anti-H. pylori activity is not described. This work aims to identify the chemical composition of the EO from C. lineatifolia leaves and evaluate the anti-H. pylori activity. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation from C. lineatifolia leaves and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. To assess the in vitro anti-H. pylori activity of the C. lineatifolia leaf’s EO (6 μL/mL–25 μL/mL), we performed broth microdilution assays by using type cultures (ATCC 49503, NCTC 11638, both clarithromycin-sensitive) and clinical isolate strains (SSR359, clarithromycin-sensitive, and SSR366, clarithromycin-resistant). A total of eight new compounds were identified from the EO (3-hexen-1-ol (46.15%), α-cadinol (20.35%), 1,1-diethoxyethane (13.08%), 2,3-dicyano-7,7-dimethyl-5,6-benzonorbornadiene (10.78%), aromadendrene 2 (3.0%), [3-S-(3α, 3aα, 6α, 8aα)]-4,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-3,7,7-trimethyl-8-methylene-3H-3a,6-methanoazulene (2.99%), α-bisabolol (0.94%), and β-curcumene (0.8%)), corresponding to 98.09% of the total oil composition. The EO inhibited the growth of all H. pylori strains tested (MIC 6 μL/mL). To our knowledge, the current study investigates the relation between the chemical composition and the anti-H. pylori activity of the C. lineatifolia EO for the first time. Our findings show the potential use of the C. lineatifolia leaf EO against sensitive and resistant clarithromycin H. pylori strains and suggest that this antimicrobial activity could be related to its ethnopharmacological use.
Structural Exploration on Palmitoyltransferase DHHC3 from Homo sapiens
Authors: Tang Meng , Xia Ying , Xiao Taoran , Cao Ruiyu , Cao Yu , Ouyang Bo
Published: July 2022

DHHC3 belongs to a family of DHHC palmitoyltransferase, which catalyzes the S-palmitoylation of target proteins by attaching a fatty acyl group to a cysteine. Recently, DHHC3 has been demonstrated to be a promising antitumor target in cancer therapeutics. However, the detailed structure and catalysis mechanism of DHHC3 remain elusive, considering its sequence diversity from the DHHC homologs with known crystal structures. Here, we described the expression and purification of human DHHC3 (hDHHC3) and truncated hDHHC3 with the flexible N-terminal domain (NTD) removed. Purified hDHHC3 proteins were used under various conditions for protein crystallization. LAMTOR1, one of the interacting proteins of hDHHC3 to facilitate the crystallization, was further identified by mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation assay. The structural exploration using cryogenic electronic microscopy (cryo-EM) on the inactive hDHHS3 mutant showed a typical sideview of membrane proteins. These results provide a preliminary guidance for the structural determination of DHHC3.
Graft Polymerization of Stearyl Methacrylate on PET Track-Etched Membranes for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Yeszhanov Arman B. , Muslimova Indira B. , Melnikova G. B. , Petrovskaya A. S. , Seitbayev Aibek S. , Chizhik S. A. , Zhappar Nariman K. , Korolkov Ilya V. , Güven Olgun , Zdorovets Maxim V.
Published: July 2022

In this article, results of PET track-etched membranes (PET TeMs) hydrophobized by photo-induced graft polymerization of stearyl methacrylate (SM) inside the pores were presented. The effects of monomer concentration, time of irradiation and the nature of the solvent on the degree of grafting and membrane morphology were investigated. The PET TeMs with pore diameters ranging from 350 nm (pore density of 1 × 108 pore/cm2) to 3.05 µm (pore density of 1 × 106 pore/cm2) were hydrophobized and tested for oil–water separation by using hexadecane–water and chloroform–water emulsions. Studies have shown high separation performance for membranes (up to 1100 mL/m2·s) with large pore diameters while achieving a high degree of purification.
Proton-Conducting Biopolymer Electrolytes Based on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Doped with Ammonium Formate
Authors: Sohaimy M. I. H. , Isa M. I. N.
Published: July 2022

In this work, CMC-AFT biopolymer electrolytes system was developed using Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) doped with varied amount (10–50 wt.%) of ammonium formate (AFT) in order to study the effect of AFT on the biopolymer-salt system. The chemical structure of the biopolymer was studied using Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interaction between the COO− of CMC and the weakly-bound H+ of NH4+ AFT occurred at 1573 cm−1 as seen in FTIR analysis and the amorphous phase was found to increase with the addition of AFT as seen from XRD pattern. Both FTIR and XRD testing indicates that the AFT had disrupted the CMC crystalline structure. The ionic conductivity of the CMC-AFT biopolymer electrolytes increases and achieved the highest value of 1.47 × 10−4 S·cm−1 with the addition of AFT. The impedance measurement showed that the capacitive and resistive behavior inside the biopolymer diminished when 50 wt.% of AFT was added. Dielectric analysis confirmed the increased number of charge carriers is due to the increase in AFT composition. Further dielectric analysis showed the occurrence of conductivity relaxation peak thus affirmed the charge carriers’ ability to travel further to a longer distances when AFT composition increases from 10 to 50 wt.%. The dielectric properties confirmed the non-Debye behavior of the CMC-AFT biopolymer electrolytes.
Synthesis of Azo Disperse Dyes with High Absorption for Efficient Polyethylene Terephthalate Dyeing Performances in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Cheng Yu-Wen , Benas Jean-Sebastien , Liang Fang-Cheng , Lin Shang-Ming , Sun Ting-Wang , Liu Fu-Chieh , Yu Yang-Yen , Kuo Chi-Ching
Published: July 2022

Supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing (SCDD) not only enables strong dyeing performance for a versatile range of polymer material but is also regarded as a green chemical media due to its low environmental impact as well as low risk of product denaturation. Over the decades, azo disperse dyes have been revealed to be efficient dyes and represent the wide majority of dyeing material. Azo dyes possess a wide variety of functional groups to optimize dye synthesis and tune the light absorption properties. Using SCDD, end-chain of different lengths, and functional group exhibiting various electronic affinity, six disperse red azo dyes were synthesized to investigate dyeing performances as woven fabric type, color strain, and color fastness after dyeing are discussed. Dye structure synthesized through a coupling reaction was confirmed by 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. We found that the light absorption wavelength and absorption coefficient value variation are associated to the nature of the functional group. From the color strength values of the polyethylene terephthalate woven after dyeing, we find that the fiber host and dye dopant chemical structure greatly influence the dyeing process by providing enhanced woven, color strain, and color fastness. In comparison with commercial products, our approach not only improves the dyeing process but also guarantees a strong resistance of the dyed product against water, detergent, perspiration, abrasion, and friction.
Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Carboxymethylated Paramylon from Euglena gracilis
Authors: Gao Liwei , Zhao Xinjie , Liu Meng , Zhao Xiangzhong
Published: July 2022

Paramylon from Euglena gracilis (EGP) is a polymeric polysaccharide composed of linear β-1,3 glucan. EGP has been proved to have antibacterial activity, but its effect is weak due to its water insolubility and high crystallinity. In order to change this deficiency, this experiment carried out carboxymethylated modification of EGP. Three carboxymethylated derivatives, C-EGP1, C-EGP2, and C-EGP3, with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.14, 0.55, and 0.78, respectively, were synthesized by varying reaction conditions, such as the mass of chloroacetic acid and temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the success of the carboxymethylated modification. The Congo red (CR) experiment, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the conformation, surface morphology, crystalline nature, and thermostability of the carboxymethylated EGP. The results showed that carboxymethylation did not change the triple helix structure of the EGP, but that the fundamental particles’ surface morphology was destroyed, and the crystallization area and thermal stability decreased obviously. In addition, the water solubility test and antibacterial experiment showed that the water solubility and antibacterial activity of the EGP after carboxymethylation were obviously improved, and that the water solubility of C-EGP1, C-EGP2, and C-EGP3 increased by 53.31%, 75.52%, and 80.96% respectively. The antibacterial test indicated that C-EGP3 had the best effect on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 12.50 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL. The diameters of the inhibition zone of C-EGP3 on E. coli and S. aureus were 11.24 ± 0.15 mm and 12.05 ± 0.09 mm, and the antibacterial rate increased by 41.33% and 43.67%.
Numerical Simulation of the Shear Capacity of a GFRP-Strengthened Natural Bamboo-Bolt Composite Joint
Authors: Li Quanfeng , Ji Xiaodong , Jin Zihao , Xu Jin , Yang Shihan , Lv Shumin
Published: July 2022

As an ecological green building material, natural bamboo has many advantages such as a light weight, high strength, and short growth cycle. Natural bamboo is widely used in landscape architecture and fabricated structures. However, in bamboo building structures, the most common bolted joints often appear cleaved along the grain. In this paper, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is designed to wrap and improve the shear capacity of natural bamboo-bolt composite joints. According to the corresponding material parameters, the finite element model of composite joints is established, and the key influencing variables of the bearing capacity, namely the bolt diameter, bamboo tube outer diameter, and screw end distance, are analyzed. In addition, according to the European analytical yield model of bolted connections, the analytical calculation method of the bearing capacity is proposed and compared with the experimental and simulated values. The results showed that the numerical model and the modified analytical model can suitably describe the bearing capacity of composite joints, and a higher bolt diameter, along with the bamboo outer diameter, will lead to a higher ultimate load of the composite joints. Moreover, the bearing capacity of composite joints has no obvious relationship with the end spacing.
Polymer-Based Hybrid Nanoarchitectures for Cancer Therapy Applications
Authors: Kumar Arun , Sharipov Mirkomil , Turaev Abbaskhan , Azizov Shavkatjon , Azizov Ismatdjan , Makhado Edwin , Rahdar Abbas , Kumar Deepak , Pandey Sadanand
Published: July 2022

Globally, cancer is affecting societies and is becoming an important cause of death. Chemotherapy can be highly effective, but it is associated with certain problems, such as undesired targeting and multidrug resistance. The other advanced therapies, such as gene therapy and peptide therapy, do not prove to be effective without a proper delivery medium. Polymer-based hybrid nanoarchitectures have enormous potential in drug delivery. The polymers used in these nanohybrids (NHs) provide them with their distinct properties and also enable the controlled release of the drugs. This review features the recent use of polymers in the preparation of different nanohybrids for cancer therapy published since 2015 in some reputed journals. The polymeric nanohybrids provide an advantage in drug delivery with the controlled and targeted delivery of a payload and the irradiation of cancer by chemotherapeutical and photodynamic therapy.
Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Polyamide Composites Doped with 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride
Authors: Xiao Yana , Xu Bingang , Bao Qi , Lam Yintung
Published: July 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted many researchers’ attention with their remarkable potential despite the fact that the practical implementation requires further improvement in their electric performance. In this work, a novel graphene phase two-dimension material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was employed for the development of a TENG material with enhanced features. An electrospun nanofibrous PA66 membrane doped with g-C3N4 was fabricated as a multifunctional TENG for harvesting different kinds of mechanical energy and detecting human motions. By utilizing the innovative 2D material in PA66 solution for electrospinning, the as-made TENG showed a two times enhancement in electrical performance as compared to the control device, and also had the advantages of lightweight, softness, high porosity, and rugged interface properties. The assembled TENG with 4 cm2 could light up 40 light-emitting diodes by gentle hand clapping and power electronic watches or calculators with charging capacitors. At a given impact force of 40 N and 3 Hz, the as-made TENG can generate an open-circuit voltage of 80 V, short current of ±3 µA, charge transfer of 50 nC, and a maximum power density of 45 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 500 MΩ. The UV light sensitivity of TENG was also improved via g-C3N4 doping, showing that charge transfer is very sensitive with a two times enhancement with dopant. For the demonstration of applications, the g-C3N4 doped TENG was fabricated into an energy flag to scavenge wind energy and sensor devices for detecting human motions.
A Highly Sensitive and Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Dopamine-Modified Electrospun Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene Block Copolymer Yarns and Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhou Bangze , Li Chenchen , Liu Zhanxu , Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Qi , He Haotian , Zhou Yanfen , Jiang Liang
Published: July 2022

As wearable electronic devices have become commonplace in daily life, great advances in wearable strain sensors occurred in various fields including healthcare, robotics, virtual reality and other sectors. In this work, a highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on electrospun styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene copolymer (SEBS) yarn modified by dopamine (DA) and coated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was reported. Due to the process of twisting, a strain senor stretched to a strain of 1095.8% while exhibiting a tensile strength was 20.03 MPa. The strain sensor obtained a gauge factor (GF of 1.13 × 105) at a maximum strain of 215%. Concurrently, it also possessed good stability, repeatability and durability under different strain ranges, stretching speeds and 15,000 stretching-releasing cycles. Additionally, the strain sensor exhibited robust washing fastness under an ultrasonic time of 120 min at 240 W and 50 Hz. Furthermore, it had a superior sensing performance in monitoring joint motions of the human body. The high sensitivity and motion sensing performance presented here demonstrate that PDA@SEBS/MWNCTs yarn has great potential to be used as components of wearable devices.
Investigating Attitudes toward Those Who Leave Religion among Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Believers
Authors: Kanol Eylem , Michalowski Ines
Published: July 2022

This study investigates the determinants of negative attitudes toward individuals who leave their religion, i.e., converts and apostates, among Christian, Jewish, and Muslim believers. Drawing on the literature from the study of religion and prejudice, we identify and test the explanatory power of three dimensions of religiosity: religious practice, religious fundamentalism, and religious knowledge, while an alternative hypothesis focuses on the role of education. Our data is derived from a cross-sectional survey fielded among more than 8000 Christian, Jewish, or Muslim respondents in 7 countries. Using ordinary least squares regression analyses, we find that, across the three religious groups, both religious practice and religious fundamentalism are strongly associated with negative feelings toward converts and apostates. Although the effect of religious knowledge is negligible, educational attainment significantly predicts lower levels of unfavorable attitudes. We conclude by discussing some notable differences between the three religious groups and between the countries in which these groups and individuals are located.
A Selection of Experiments for Understanding the Strengths of Time Series SAR Data Analysis for Finding the Drivers Causing Phenological Changes in Paphos Forest, Cyprus
Authors: Miltiadou Milto , Karathanassi Vassilia , Agapiou Athos , Theocharidis Christos , Kolokousis Polychronis , Danezis Chris
Published: July 2022

Observing phenological changes are important for evaluating the natural regeneration process of forests, especially in Mediterranean areas where the regeneration of coniferous forests depends on seeds and the changes in blossoming time are influenced by climate change. The high temporal resolution of Sentinel-1 data allows the time series analysis of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, but it is still unknown how these data could be utilised for better understanding forest phenology and climate-related alternations. This study investigates the phenological cycle of Paphos forest, Cyprus using SAR data from 1992 to 2021, acquired by ERS-1/2, Envisat and Sentinel-1. An average phenological diagram was created for each space mission and a more detailed analysis was performed from October 2014 to November 2021, using the higher temporal resolution of Sentinel-1 data. Meteorological data were used to better understand the drivers of blooming alternations. Using the interquartile range (IQR), outliers were detected and replaced using the Kalman filter imputation. Forecasting trend lines were used to estimate the amplitude of the summer peaks and the annual mean. The observation of the average phenology from each satellite mission showed that there were two main blooming peaks each year: the winter and the summer peak. We argue that the winter peak relates to increased foliage, water content and/or increased soil moisture. The winter peak was followed by a fall in February reaching the lower point around March, due to the act of pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). The summer peak should relate to the annual regeneration of needles and the drop of the old ones. A delay in the summer peak—in August 2018—was associated with increased high temperatures in May 2018. Simultaneously, the appearance of one peak instead of two in the σVH time series during the period November 2014–October 2015 may be linked to a reduced act of the pine processionary associated with low November temperatures. Furthermore, there was an outlier in February 2016 with very low backscattering coefficients and it was associated with a drought year. Finally, predicting the amplitude of July 2020 returned high relevant Root Mean Square Error (rRMSE). Seven years of time series data are limiting for predicting using trend lines and many parameters need to be taken into consideration, including the increased rainfall between November 2018 and March 2020.
A Demand-Centric Repositioning Strategy for Bike-Sharing Systems
Authors: Lin Ying-Chih
Published: July 2022

Transport-sharing systems are eco-friendly and the most promising services in smart urban environments, where the booming Internet of things (IoT) technologies play an important role in the smart infrastructure. Due to the imbalanced bike distribution, bikes and stalls in the docking stations could be unavailable when needed, leading to bad customer experiences. We develop a dynamic repositioning strategy for the management of bikes in this paper, which supports dispatchers to keep stations in service. Two open datasets are examined, and the exploratory data analysis presents that there is a significant difference of travel patterns between working and non-working days, where the former has an excess demand at rush hours and the latter is usually at a low demand. To evaluate the effect when the demand outstrips a station’s capacity, we propose a non-linear scaling technique to transform demand patterns and perform the clustering analysis for each of five categories obtained from the sophisticated analysis of the dataset. Our repositioning strategy is developed according to the transformed demands. Compared with the previous work, numerical simulations reveal that our strategy has a better performance for high-demand stations, and thus can substantially reduce the repositioning cost, which brings benefit to bike-sharing operators for managing the city bike system.
The Contribution of Critical Pedagogy to Feminist Research on Sexual Violence
Authors: Luna Esther , Rubio-Martín María José
Published: July 2022

As a form of scientific enquiry, feminist research aims to produce knowledge that is decentred from, as well as decentres, androcentrism. It also establishes challenges that send us back to methodology and how we produce knowledge. Feminist research on sexual violence proposes a number of methodological challenges that open new paths for exploration: integrating intersectionality into research; reflexivity as a criterion of rigour; the development of research techniques that respect the voices and practices of women as active agents; and the role of emotions in research. In order to analyse to what degree methodological challenges are being met and what work is still to be done, we reviewed various Spanish studies (published between 2015 and early 2022) that used a feminist approach to research sexual violence. Subsequently, using illustrations from two studies we have implemented, we outlined how critical pedagogy can make an important contribution to the methodological challenges of feminist research in this field. The article proposes that a closer relationship between socio-educational praxis (critical methodology) and feminist approaches can contribute to an enrichment and improvement of scientific praxis (feminist methodology), as well as showing how knowledge production can straddle scientific concerns and social intervention.
Consumer Sentiment in Turkey, from Closure to the New Normal
Authors: Ersoy Ahmet Yağmur , Saygılı Metin , Yılmaz Mustafa İlteriş , Uslu Mustafa Emre , Selvi İhsan Hakan
Published: July 2022

The main aim of the study was to analyze consumer sentiment in the COVID-19 pandemic period in the context of Turkey. In this context, “expectations of consumers regarding the changes in their current income and general expenditures in the economic conditions brought along with normalization process” and “in what direction consumer sentiment would change in the 6-month period following the normalization process in Turkey” were investigated. Based on these research questions, a descriptive study was conducted by adopting a quantitative research method. The questionnaire method was employed in the collection of the study data. As the COVID-19 pandemic was still ongoing when the study was conducted, the data were collected through an online questionnaire by using the convenience sampling method. The data that were obtained from 1147 participants were analyzed by using descriptive statistics through SPSS 24 software. The results that were obtained demonstrated that almost half of the consumers anticipated a decrease in their income in the 6-month period following the normalization process, and that they expected their expenditures would be reduced. In addition, it was determined that consumers were pessimistic in terms of the potential changes that would occur in their personal savings and family living conditions. Hence, it was found that consumers did not expect a considerable improvement in their economic and living conditions in the 6-month period following the normalization process. As the results that were obtained from consumers’ expectations were conscious estimations, as discussed in the assumption of rational expectations theory, they support the estimations of this economic theory.
Income, Social Capital, and Subjective Well-Being of Residents in Western China
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xie Jinchen , Zhang Xinyi , Yang Jianke
Published: July 2022

Many scholars focus on China’s booming economy and its social impacts, while there is little attention regarding subjective well-being, especially after considering income and social capital. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine the correlations between income, social capital and subjective well-being of western Chinese residents, basing on a representative comprehensive social survey. Several meaningful conclusions are shown below: (1) Western residents in China retain a relatively high degree of subjective well-being on average, and the mean value of subjective well-being for urban residents is slightly higher than that for rural residents; (2) there are regional and group differences in the influence of income and social capital on residents’ subjective well-being; and (3), although economic factors play a primary role in subjective well-being, the potential influence of non-economic factors cannot be ignored. This paper attempts to fill the gap in perspective regarding potential correlations between income, social capital, and subjective well-being.
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Conventional versus Organic Durum Wheat Production in Southern Italy
Authors: Bux Christian , Lombardi Mariarosaria , Varese Erica , Amicarelli Vera
Published: July 2022

Conventional and intensive agriculture systems represent an environmental challenge. This research aims at evaluating the economic and environmental implications of conventional and organic durum wheat production in Southern Italy by applying material flow analysis and the crop accounting method. The purpose is to evaluate and compare the natural resource consumption, waste generation and economic profitability of conventional and organic durum wheat farming, respectively. The functional unit is one hectare of cultivated land. System boundaries encompass all agronomic operations, from cradle to gate. The research applies a bottom-up approach and relies on either primary or secondary data. It emerges that organic durum wheat production reduces the use of synthetic chemical and phytosanitary products, as well as plastic waste, by up to 100%. Moreover, it decreases diesel use by 15%, with a consequent reduction in CO2 emissions, and also avoids soil and groundwater pollution. From an economic perspective, gross income for conventionally farmed durum wheat is still 55% higher compared to organic production. Public authorities should boost environmental sustainability by supporting organic production from either an economic or a social perspective, by enhancing the sharing of best practices, by certification for farmers’ groups, by research and innovation, and by incentives in taxation. Overall, this research represents a further step towards the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.
Water Conservation and Environmental Sustainability from a Community Clinical Psychological Perspective
Authors: Caputo Andrea , Tomai Manuela , Pomoni Elpiniki , Méndez Hilda Cecilia , Castellanos Bartolo Atilio ,   on behalf of the “Agua Futura” Consortium, Langher Viviana
Published: July 2022

This study was carried out as a part of the international cooperation project “Agua Futura” for the improvement of water resource management in rural communities of Central America. Given the problem of water shortage, especially in El Salvador, the aim was to detect some key factors affecting water conservation and environmental sustainability from a community clinical psychological perspective. Ninety rural inhabitants (mean age = 46.84, SD = 17.05) of El Salvador were given a structured interview exploring their symbolizations about water conservation. Data were analyzed through computer-assisted thematic analysis, then complemented by a qualitative analysis. Several themes were identified highlighting some differences regarding the emotional salience given to water resources as a primary good, the sense of responsibility for the sustainability of water resources at the community level, as well as diverse motivations and purposes affecting water use in households. The findings support the role of emotions, representations about others’ attitudes, and defenses against vulnerability and future uncertainty about water shortage. Additionally, the shift between an individualist or collectivist perspective underlying the decision to preserve water resources represents a significant matter to be taken into account for the understanding of effective pro-environmental behaviors in the long run.
Some Legal Pitfalls for Writers
Authors: Lozanova Ina
Published: July 2022

The current article aims to outline some tort liability issues which can arise out of the description of actual persons and events in works of fiction. The material presents disputes from the US legal practice for libel and defamation in literary texts. Further, the possible development of hypothetical cases according to the Bulgarian legislation is reviewed.
European Green Deal
Authors: Kazak Tchetin
Published: July 2022

This article aims to present the main objectives and characteristics of the European Green Deal, which is a kind of roadmap for achieving the sustainability of the EU economy by turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities in all policy areas, through a just and inclusive transition for all. The implementation of this roadmap provides for actions to use resources efficiently by moving to a circular economy, reducing biodiversity loss and diminishing pollution. The roadmap also sets out the necessary investments and financial instruments and the need to ensure a just and inclusive transition. Transforming the economy of the European Union (EU) into a resource-efficient economy in which economic growth is not directly linked to the use of resources, based on the cessation of net emissions by 2050. The European Green Deal outlines a plan for this transformative change.
ANTOCIANINAS COMO BIOSENSORES EN LA CONSERVACIÓN DE ALIMENTOS
Authors: Molina Arteaga Nadya Isabel , Toala-Zambrano Alisson Nicolle , Sanchéz Francisco , Macías-Pro Michael Aníbal , Rosero-Delgado Ernesto Alonso
Published: July 2022

Este estudio presenta un primer acercamiento hacia la aplicabilidad de antocianinas como biosensores en la conservación de alimentos. La materia prima utilizada fue la col morada (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra); mediante una extracción sólido-líquido se lograron obtener soluciones con una concentración de antocianinas entre 45,69 y 46,71 mg Cianidina-3-glucósido/g col morada. Se evaluó el comportamiento de las antocianinas a diferentes cambios de pH (4, 6, 8,10), presencia de etanol (5%,9%,13% y 16%), hidróxido de amonio (5%,10%,15% y 20%), y exposición a la luz (1, 24, 48 72h), así como a cambios de temperatura (4 y 30 °C); factores que pueden presentarse durante el deterioro de los alimentos. Los resultados mostraron que las antocianinas presentan sensibilidad a variaciones de pH entre 4 y 10 con absorbancias entre 0,471 y 0,126 (cambios de color entre morado y verde), a la presencia de hidróxido de amonio en concentraciones entre el 5 % y 20% con absorbancias entre 0,424 y 0,175 (cambios de color entre rosa y amarillo). El estudio demuestra la viabilidad de las antocianinas de la col morada para ser utilizadas en el desarrollo de etiquetas inteligentes las cuales permitan la detección in-situ del deterioro de un alimento envasado.
 
Palabras clave: Etiqueta inteligente, antocianinas, deterioro, envasados.
 
Abstract
This study presents a first approach towards the applicability of anthocyanins as biosensors in food preservation. The raw material used was purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra); through solid-liquid extraction, solutions with anthocyanin concentration between 45.69 and 46.71 mg Cyanidin-3-glucoside/g purple cabbage were obtained. The behavior of anthocyanins was evaluated at different pH changes (4, 6, 8.10), presence of ethanol (5%, 9%, 13% and 16%), ammonium hydroxide (5%, 10%, 15 % and 20%), and exposure to light (1, 24, 48, 72h), as well as changes in temperature (4 and 30 °C); factors that may appear during food spoilage. The results showed that anthocyanins are sensitive to pH variations between 4 and 10 with absorbances between 0.471 and 0.126 (color changes between purple and green), to the presence of ammonium hydroxide in concentrations between 5% and 20% with absorbances between 0.424 and 0.175 (color changes between pink and yellow). The study demonstrates the feasibility of purple cabbage anthocyanins to be used in the development of smart labels which allow in-situ detection of the deterioration of a packaged food.
Efektivitas Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) Dalam Upaya Membangun Perdamaian Pasca Memorandum Of Understanding (MoU) Helsinki Di Aceh
Authors: Fahry Muhammad , Fuadi Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang efektivitas dari Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) dalam upaya membangun perdamaian pasca MoU Helsinki di Aceh. Keterlibatan CMI pada konflik Aceh merupakan sebuah prestasi yang menghantarkan Martti Ahtisaari meraih nobel perdamaian pada 2008. Kondisi perdamaian pasca penanda tanganan nota kesepahaman menjadi tanggung jawab semua pihak terkait termasuk CMI. Atas dasar tersebut, CMI mengupayakan sebuah proyek perdamaian untuk membangun perdamaian pasca MoU Helsinki. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif Pluralisme, teori Efektivitas, dan teori Organisasi Internasional. Dalam menjalankan perannya, CMI sebagai sebuah organisasi internasional resolusi konflik melakukannya dengan sangat baik dan sesuai dengan nilai-nilai efektivitas pada sebuah organisasi internasional. Peran CMI pada perdamaian Aceh menghasilkan sebuah proses perdamaian berkelanjutan yang hingga saat ini terus berlangsung. Keterampilan CMI dengan melibatkan seluruh elemen dan kapasitas lokal menjadikan peran CMI menjadi efektif. Upaya tersebut menjadikan sebuah semangat baru bagi seluruh pihak untuk dapat merealisasikan dengan segera seluruh butir MoU Helsinki untuk terciptanya perdamaian berkelanjutan di Aceh dan tetap dalam bingkai NKRI.
Pengaruh Prinsip Non-Intervensi ASEAN terhadap Upaya Negosiasi Indonesia Dalam Menangani Konflik Kudeta Myanmar
Authors: Ramadhani Zahratunnisa , Mabrurah Mabrurah
Published: July 2022

On 1 February 2021 Myanmar's democratization was once again threatened, following a military junta coup against the Government of Myanmar, by detaining several leaders, including Myanmar President Win Myint and Aung san suu kyi, the State Advisor. This study aims to analyze the Indonesia government's efforts to disarm the current conflict in Myanmar, while still respecting the principle of non-intervention, a mutual agreement between the ASEAN members. The method of research chosen is qualitative descriptive using techniques used for data collection through journals, papers, web sites and other reliable sources. Moreover, to strengthen the argument, the author uses the constructivism theory of Alexander Went which is linked by an analysis of Indonesia's efforts in the conflict in Myanmar. This study focuses on the effect of the ASEAN non-intervention principle on Indonesia's conflict resolution efforts. The results of this study show that the application of the ASEAN principle of non-intervention by ASEAN on the one hand gives Member States the flexibility to solve their internal problems without any interference from other countries. however, on the other hand, this principle becomes a barrier for ASEAN member countries to implement certain mechanisms in some cases, such as the current case of the coup conflict.

 

Keywords : The principle of non-intervention, Myanmar Conflict, Negotiation
Peran Media Sosial Sebagai Alat Propaganda Dalam Konflik Nagorno Karabakh Antara Armenia Dan Azerbaijan
Authors: Qarayeva Leyla , Yani Yanyan Mochamad , Setiabudi Widya
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explain how social media has become a new space for political discussion. The use of social media to report on conflicts, influence political perceptions, voice opinions about conflicts, and solicit public support around the world. As is the case with the Nagorno Karabakh ethnical conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan which cannot be separated from social media. In this conflict, social media was also used to ask for public support around the world to side with one of the countries in the Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. This paper will also examine how governmental and non-governmental actors use social media as a tool of propaganda and how the international community is a part of spreading propaganda in the Nagorno Karabakh conflict. To help the author in the analysis process, at least the author uses several conceptual frameworks, including the role of social media in international relations, propaganda and identity conflicts in international relations.

Keywords : Armenia; Azerbaijan; Ethnic Conflict; Nagorno Karabakh; Propaganda; Social Media
Keterlibatan Desa Sumbermulyo dalam Kerjasama Sister Province antara D.I Yogyakarta dengan Gyeongsangbuk-Do
Authors: Dewi Sannya Pestari , Heatbun Rivelda Pricilia , Fajri Rezki Nur
Published: July 2022

Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta telah menjalin kerjasama dengan Provinsi Gyeongsangbuk-Do dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Dalam perjalanannya, kerjasama ini sudah melibatkan berbagai aktor di kedua wilayah, hingga fokus kerjasama keduanya dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini adalah pembangunan desa. Salah satu desa yang mencoba ikut berpartisipasi dalam kerjasama ini adalah desa Sumbermulyo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan lebih lanjut alasan keterlibatan desa Sumbermulyo dalam kerangka kerjasama sister-province yang dilakukan oleh Provinis D.I. Yogyakarta dengan Gyeongsangbuk-Do. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data berupa wawancara dengan stakeholder terkait disertai studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keterlibatan pemerintah desa Sumbermulyo dalam kerangka kerjasama sister-province antara D.I. Yogyakarta dan Gyeongsangbuk-do didasari oleh kebutuhan desa akan sumber daya pengetahuan pertanian modern dan pendanaan pembangunan infrastruktur paska bencana tahun 2008. Pilihan atas penerimaan kerjasama ini telah memperhatikan UU Nomor 03 Tahun 2008 tentang kerjasama dengan pihak luar negeri, meskipun pada poin kesamaan status administrasi sedikit tidak berkesesuaian, sehingga membutuhkan pihak ketiga sebagai fasilitator dari hubungan kerjasama keduanya.
Nucleotide Variants in TheTLR5 Gene and Promoter Methylation with A Susceptibility to Brucellosis in Chinese Goats
Authors: Wang Xinlu , Zhang Xiaojie , LU Taofeng , Niu Lili , Wang Linjie , Zhan Siyuan , Guo Jiazhong , Cao Jiaxue , Li LI , Zhang Hongping
Published: July 2022

In this study, we aimed to identify genetic variants of the TLR5 gene and the promoter methylation level with a susceptibility to brucellosis in Chinese Saanen dairy goats (SN). We randomly collected 205 genetically unrelated animals from five Chinese goat breeds, including the
Saanen dairy goat (SN, n = 67), Tibetan goat (TG, n = 35), Chuannan black goat (CN, n = 30), Meigu goat (MG, n = 37) and the Jianzhou big-ear goat (JZ, n = 36). A blood sample was collected from each individual and used for the detection of brucellosis, TLR5 polymorphism identification
and the detection of promoter methylation. In total, twenty-four SNPs were identified in the five investigated breeds. The allele and genotype frequency of the four loci (g.435C>T, g.690G>T, g.978A>G and g.1832A>G) were correlated with a seroprevalence of brucellosis in the SN
goats. An r2 linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected in SN, CN, TG and MG, but not in the JZ goats. Ten methylation sites were detected on the first CpG island with DNA methylation levels ranging from 0.2% to 5.2%, and twenty-two methylation sites were found on the second methylation
island with a 2.3% to 12.1% methylation. The methylation levels of the two CpG islands in the healthy SN were significantly higher than those recorded in the brucella -infected SN (p <0.05). Our findings demonstrated that genetic variations and the promoter methylation of TLR5
were associated with a brucellosis risk in SN goats. These results will be helpful for further studies of disease resistance in ruminants.
A Study of Kongu Regional Elements in the Works of Perumal Murugan
Authors: A Annameri
Published: July 2022

A group of localities make up the locality. Similarly, a local case is a group of local cases that may be caste-based, religious-based, town-to-town-based, or otherwise unique to the local area. Regional case studies make significant contributions to the literature. Tamil Nadu is divided into numerous areas based on factors such as language, geography, culture, and population. In the above-mentioned locality, the locale varies from small to huge. The history of a country is truly available to us only when we uncover the news and sources of a particular region. According to the notion of the novel's setting, a light dusting of the local case is sufficient to give the piece an earthy aroma. This article's goal is to highlight the Kongu regional case in the works of Perumal Murugan.
A Folklore Litigation in the Novel Agnaadi by Poomani
Authors: M Balamurugan , M Balasubramaniyan
Published: July 2022

Nadar is a term used to describe the primitive manner of life of the human race. People's daily routines and customs are considered to be customs. An ethnic civilization is thought to have developed when customs alter over time and transform into cultural symbols. Every race still retains elements of its traditional dialects even after civilization has advanced. Poomani is regarded as one of the regional authors. He allows the writing to take on its own qualities by combining the aroma of the soil with the free-flowing energies of life. Through the short story ‘Aruppu’, he was introduced to the world of Tamil short stories. Poomani has the ability to write about rural life and aspects of ethnic culture. He wrote a book titled "Agnaadi" in 2012 after researching the history of the residents of Kalingal hamlet in Kovilpatti district. The book won the Sahitya Akademi Award in the year 2014 for its inventive ethnographic history and narrative.  The word Agngnaadi means' mother'. It is a term used by certain ethnic groups. In that way, Poomani’s Agnaadi which has recorded rural life has also recorded folk liturgies. This article examines the novel Agnaadi as a case of folklore litigation.
Primer registro de Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) en Chile
Authors: Villablanca Javier , Villablanca-Miranda Vicente
Published: July 2022

Con base en ejemplares de Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) recolectados en sectores urbanos de la Región de Coquimbo, se registra por primera vez en Chile a Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1897), especie fitófaga de origen australiano considerada plaga de los Eucalyptus. Se presume que esta especie se introdujo y estableció recientemente en esta región del país debido a que los registros hasta ahora conocidos se circunscriben a unas pocas localidades de la Provincia de Elqui. Se proveen fotografías del adulto para facilitar su identificación, junto a registros de distribución e información general del hábitat donde la especie fue recolectada.
A BIRD´S-EYE VIEW OF CHROMOSOMES DURING MEIOTIC PROPHASE I
Authors: Pigozzi M.I.
Published: July 2022

The present review aims to summarize the research carried out in relation to meiosis in birds, especially by observing the protein axes of the chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis. This line of research, initially developed in Argentina, has provided key data in the study of the evolution of sex chromosomes and the mechanisms involved in the frequency and distribution of crossing over in birds, among other topics. Some of these contributions, in addition to those made by other authors, are described also providing the general theoretical framework or the hypotheses that support them. Key words: crossing over, meiosis, sex chromosomes, synaptonemal complex
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DNA CONTENT VARIATION IN ZEA
Authors: González G.E. , Realini M.F. , Fourastié M.F. , Poggio L.
Published: July 2022

Cytogenetic evidence indicates that Zea, which comprises maize (Z. mays ssp. mays) and its wild relatives, is an allopolyploid genus. Our research group has carried out numerous cytogenetic studies on Zea species, mainly focused on native Argentinian and Bolivian maize landraces. We found a wide inter- and intraspecific genome size variation in the genus, with mean 2C-values ranging between 4.20 and 11.36 pg. For the maize landraces studied here, it varied between 4.20 and 6.75 pg. The objectives of this work are to analyze the causes of genome size variation and to discuss their adaptive value in Zea. This variation is mainly attributed to differences in the heterochromatin located in the knobs and to the amount of interspersed DNA from retrotransposons. Polymorphisms in presence or absence of B-chromosomes (Bs) and the population frequency of Bs are also a source of genome size variation, with doses ranging between one and eight in the landraces analyzed here. Correlation analysis revealed that the percentage of heterochromatin is positively correlated with genome size. In addition, populations cultivated at higher altitudes, which are known to be precocious, have smaller genome sizes than do those growing at lower altitudes. This information, together with the positive correlation observed between the length of the vegetative cycle and the percentage of heterochromatin, led us to propose that it has an adaptive role. On the other hand, the negative relationship found between Bs and heterochromatic knobs allowed us to propose the existence of an intragenomic conflict between these elements. We hypothesize that an optimal nucleotype may have resulted from such intranuclear conflict, where genome adjustments led to a suitable length of the vegetative cycle for maize landraces growing across altitudinal clines.

Key words: B chromosomes, heterochromatin, intragenomic conflict, knobs, maize landraces
CHROMOSOMES OF TWO OLYRA L. SPECIES FROM MISIONES, ARGENTINA (POACEAE, BAMBUSOIDEAE, OLYREAE)
Authors: Reutemann A.V. , Eckers F. , Daviña J.R. , Honfi A.I.
Published: July 2022

The subfamily Bambusoideae comprises three monophyletic tribes, Arundinarieae, Bambuseae and Olyreae. Here we report the gametic number and the chromosomal meiotic behavior of two species belonging to the herbaceous tribe Olyreae, Olyra latifolia and Olyra humilis. Accessions were collected in Misiones, at Northeastern Argentina. We report a new gametic number for O. humilis, n=18, and we confirmed n=11 for O. latifolia. Chromosomal features, like the basic and gametic chromosome number, are important in understanding the evolution of the Poaceae family, especially in delimiting clades and elucidate inter and intra-clades relationships, and therefore it is necessary to continue producing this type of data.

Key words: bamboos, cytogenetics, meiosis, ploidy, Poaceae