bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency department visits for self-harm in adolescents after release of the Netflix series ‘13 Reasons Why’
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Mallia Emilie , de Oliveira Claire , Schaffer Ayal , Niederkrotenthaler Thomas , Zaheer Juveria , Mitchell Rachel , Rudoler David , Kurdyak Paul
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To determine whether the release of the first season of the Netflix series ‘13 Reasons Why’ was associated with changes in emergency department presentations for self-harm.

Methods:

Healthcare utilization databases were used to identify emergency department and outpatient presentations according to age and sex for residents of Ontario, Canada. Data from 2007 to 2018 were used in autoregressive integrated moving average models for time series forecasting with a pre-specified hypothesis that rates of emergency department presentations for self-harm would increase in the 3-month period following the release of 13 Reasons Why (1 April 2017 to 30 June 2017). Chi-square and t tests were used to identify demographic and health service use differences between those presenting to emergency department with self-harm during this epoch compared to a control period (1 April 2016 to 30 June 2016).

Results:

There was a significant estimated excess of 75 self-harm-related emergency department visits (+6.4%) in the 3 months after 13 Reasons Why above what was predicted by the autoregressive integrated moving average model (standard error = 32.4; p = 0.02); adolescents aged 10–19 years had 60 excess visits (standard error = 30.7; p = 0.048), whereas adults demonstrated no significant change. Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated that these findings were largely driven by significant increases in females. There were no differences in demographic or health service use characteristics between those who presented to emergency department with self-harm in April to June 2017 vs April to June 2016.

Conclusions:

This study demonstrated a significant increase in self-harm emergency department visits associated with the release of 13 Reasons Why. It adds to previously published mortality, survey and helpline data collectively demonstrating negative mental health outcomes associated with 13 Reasons Why.
Speech processing in voice-hearers: Bridging the gap between empirical research and clinical implications
Authors: Richards Sophie E , Carruthers Sean P , Castle David J , Rossell Susan L
Published: December 2021

Individuals who hear voices (i.e. auditory verbal hallucinations) have been reported to exhibit a range of difficulties when listening to and processing the speech of other people. These speech processing challenges are observed even in the absence of hearing voices; however, some appear to be exacerbated during periods of acute symptomology. In this advisory piece, key findings from pertinent empirical research into external speech processing in voice-hearers are presented with the intention of informing healthcare professionals. It is the view that through a better understanding of the speech processing deficits faced by individuals who hear voices, more effective communication with such patients can be had.
Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report
Authors: Sebastian Juny , Mathew Merrin , Sharsty Veeranna , Ramesh Madhan
Published: December 2021

Background: Hypersensitivity or Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) following the COVID-19 vaccination has been reported rarely all over the world. LCV can be induced by certain factors such as infections, autoimmune disorders, malignancy, or some classes of drugs. Case presentation: A 32-year-old man, who was a known case of seizure disorder from his childhood presented to the department of dermatology with itchy red lesions on extremities and abdomen for the past 1 month. He explains a history of COVID-19 vaccination 1-month back and experienced itching on his lower limbs on the same day at night. A gradual worsening of the condition was observed day by day. He was hospitalized and diagnosed as LCV through clinical and laboratory findings. Conclusion: This case highlights a temporal association with the event of vaccination. The causality assessment showed an indeterminate causal association to LCV with COVID-19 Vaccination.
What Does Codetermination Do?
Authors: Jäger Simon , Noy Shakked , Schoefer Benjamin
Published: December 2021

The authors provide a comprehensive overview of codetermination, that is, worker representation in firms’ governance and management. The available micro evidence points to zero or small positive effects of codetermination on worker and firm outcomes and leaves room for moderate positive effects on productivity, wages, and job stability. The authors also present new country-level, general-equilibrium event studies of codetermination reforms between the 1960s and 2010s, finding no effects on aggregate economic outcomes or the quality of industrial relations. They offer three explanations for the institution’s limited impact. First, existing codetermination laws convey little authority to workers. Second, countries with codetermination laws have high baseline levels of informal worker voice. Third, codetermination laws may interact with other labor market institutions, such as union representation and collective bargaining. The article closes with a discussion of the implications for recent codetermination proposals in the United States.
Workplace friendships while teleworking during COVID-19: Experiences of social workers in Australia
Authors: Gates Trevor G , Bennett Bindi , Yadav Raj
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 has shifted Australia’s social service delivery. Understanding the impact on workplace relationships is key. This article used a small-scale sample of social workers ( N = 37) to explore workplace friendship experiences while teleworking. Participants reported opportunities for friendships during COVID-19 but reported ongoing personal and professional concerns.
Gender and Disaster: The Impact of Natural Disasters on Violence Against Women in Nepal
Authors: Bradley Tamsin , Martin Zara , Upreti Bishnu Raj , Subedu Bashnu , Shrestha Sumeera
Published: December 2021

In April 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake hit the Gorkha district of Nepal. This was followed in May by a second earthquake. Nepal experienced another natural disaster in 2017. Floods affected large swathes of the country from east to west. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, this article examines the impact of these climate disasters on violence against women. In doing so, it adds to a small but growing and fundamentally important body of literature that explores the intersections of gendered violence and natural disaster. It is well-established that 35% of women worldwide have experienced physical and/or sexual violence. What we know much less about is how other events impact on these figures. Given the growing intensity of climate change and the reality that adverse impacts are here to stay, understanding the detrimental legacy of natural disasters is now more urgent than ever.
Perspectives on Disabilities in Sierra Leone
Authors: Morin Kristi L. , Tomaszewski Brianne R. , Bauer Kathleen , Blasko Alyssa M. , Enriquez Grace B. , Tasik Emily J. , Mehta Khanjan
Published: December 2021

Most disability research originates from high-income countries, masking important cultural variability in how disability is conceptualized. Through 199 interviews with people living in Sierra Leone, we investigated the following research questions: (1) What are the experiences of community members with people with disabilities? (2) What employment options or other resources are available for people with disabilities? (3) How do community members perceive people with disabilities? We used a mixed-method approach to data analysis by quantitizing the qualitative responses to further examine whether participants’ responses differed by urbanicity, age, or level of education. The results of this study provide insight into how disability is understood in a low-income country and reveal important directions for future research.
The Effect of an 8-Week Aerobic Dance Program on Executive Function in Children
Authors: Zinelabidine Khawla , Elghoul Yousri , Jouira Ghada , Sahli Sonia
Published: December 2021

In the current study, we examined the effect of an aerobic dance program as part of physical education (PE) classes on aspects of primary school children’s executive functions (EFs) (inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility). Participants were 41 children (21 boys and 20 girls; M age =10.30, SD = 0.50 years, M height = 134.09, SD= 3.9 cm; M weight = 35.61, SD = 7.85 kg) who were divided into an experimental group (EG) and a no-PE control group (CG). The EG followed an aerobic dance intervention as part of their PE program (45 minute sessions two days per week over eight weeks). Participants in both groups performed EF tests before and after the intervention period to evaluate their mental flexibility, inhibition, and working memory. A two-way mixed model repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of the aerobic dance program on participants’ cognitive flexibility (i.e., on Trails Making Tests B-A times and committed errors) ( p <0.001), and on Stroop measures of inhibition (corrected number of words and corrected errors) ( p <0.001 and p <0.01, respectively), with post-hoc analyses showing an improved performance by the EG in working memory (digit recall score) from pre-test to post-test and in comparsion to the CG ( p < 0.001). Thus, this 8-week aerobic dance program promoted EF development among primary school children.
Racial Preferences for Schools: Evidence from an Experiment with White, Black, Latinx, and Asian Parents and Students
Authors: Hailey Chantal A.
Published: December 2021

Most U.S. students attend racially segregated schools. To understand this pattern, I employ a survey experiment with New York City families actively choosing schools and investigate whether they express racialized school preferences. I find school racial composition heterogeneously affects white, black, Latinx, and Asian parents’ and students’ willingness to attend schools. Independent of characteristics potentially correlated with race, white and Asian families preferred white schools over black and Latinx schools, Latinx families preferred Latinx schools over black schools, and black families preferred black schools over white schools. Results, importantly, demonstrate that racial composition has larger effects on white and Latinx parents’ preferences compared with white and Latinx students and smaller effects on black parents compared with black students. To ensure results were not an artifact of experimental conditions, I validate findings using administrative data on New York City families’ actual school choices in 2013. Both analyses establish that families express heterogenous racialized school preferences.
Varieties of international reconciliation: the configuration of interest and reflection after conflict
Authors: Suh Jae-Jung , Chun Jahyun
Published: December 2021

After conflict, states occasionally succeed in reconciling with former adversaries. When they do, they do so in different ways. Some grudgingly sign a treaty to signal the end of a conflict. Others provide for not only reparations and compensations but also economic assistance as material evidence of reconciliation. Yet others offer apologies, official and unofficial, and engage their former adversaries in reflective dialog that transforms their relationship from enmity to amity. Is there a way to systemically organize different ways in which states reconcile? Can different types of reconciliation be identified? If so, what explains the types? We address these questions in this article. Based on our survey of war terminations in the post-World War II period, we identify four different types of reconciliation that former injurious states have made with their victim states – procedural, material, ideational, and substantial. We hypothesize that their choice of a reconciliation type can be explained in terms of a configuration of national interest and national reflection. In this article, we engage in a structured comparative analysis of the cases of reconciliation between France-Algeria, Japan-Korea, Germany-Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, and Germany-Poland – that we argue closely resemble the four ideal types – and demonstrate that our hypotheses are confirmed. We conclude with a consideration of how likely it is for ideational and material reconciliation to develop into substantial reconciliation
Perceiving Destination Through Animated GIFs: A Mixed Method Design for Multifaceted Image Assessment
Authors: Li Huahua , Li Mimi , Lin Guyang , Qiu Hanqin
Published: December 2021

The notion of multifaceted image, composed of cognitive, affective, and sensory dimensions, has attracted growing scholarly interest in recent years. However, general understanding of the roles of the senses (i.e., sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch) in image processing remains scarce. Little attention has also been paid to the effects of visual stimuli related to design features on the construction of multifaceted image. This study investigated viewers’ perceived multifaceted destination image upon exposure to different photo formats (i.e., animated vs. static). A mixed method approach was employed to collect data using a between-subjects experimental design. Findings revealed that moving visual presentation exert stronger impacts on three image dimensions in several aspects and associations were also observed between photo contents and sensory arousal. Results enrich the body of knowledge on destination image in terms of image structure and the features of visual stimuli. Practical implications are discussed as well.
Flexible crosslinking of polyurethane using grafted poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol A end groups and its impact on the mechanical properties and low-temperature flexibility
Authors: Chung Yong-Chan , Kim Ji Hu , Park Ji Eun , Chun Byoung Chul
Published: December 2021

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was grafted onto polyurethane (PU), and Epichlorohydrin and Bisphenol A were attached to the free ends of PDMS groups and used to link the grafted PDMS to thereby introduce flexible crosslinks between the PU chains. The flexible crosslinks enhanced the crosslink density and solution viscosity of PU but did not change the melting and crystallization behaviors of the soft segments of PU. In particular, the flexible PDMS crosslinks increased the maximum tensile stress by up to 300% and the maximum tensile strain up to 180%. The shape recovery capability at 10°C and the shape retention capability at −25°C were maintained above 90% with the flexible crosslinking. Grafted PDMS moderately improved the low-temperature flexibility of PU due to its flexibility at low temperature. The flexible crosslinks of grafted PDMS successfully improved the tensile strength, shape recovery, and low-temperature flexibility of the PU.
Paul and the Author of 1 Clement as Entrepreneurs of Identity in Corinthian Crises of Leadership
Authors: Kujanpää Katja
Published: December 2021

When Paul and the author of 1 Clement write letters to Corinth to address crises of leadership, both discuss Moses’ παρρησία (frankness and openness), yet they evaluate it rather differently. In this article, I view both authors as entrepreneurs of identity and explore the ways in which they try to shape their audience’s social identity and influence their behaviour in the crisis by selectively retelling scriptural narratives related to Moses. The article shows that social psychological theories under the umbrella term of the social identity approach help to illuminate the active role of leaders in identity construction as well as the processes of retelling the past in order to mobilize one’s audience.
Image-based visual servoing with depth estimation
Authors: Gongye Qingxuan , Cheng Peng , Dong Jiuxiang
Published: December 2021

For the depth estimation problem in the image-based visual servoing (IBVS) control, this paper proposes a new observer structure based on Kalman filter (KF) to recover the feature depth in real time. First, according to the number of states, two different mathematical models of the system are established. The first one is to extract the depth information from the Jacobian matrix as the state vector of the system. The other is to use the depth information and the coordinate point information of the two-dimensional image plane as the state vector of the system. The KF is used to estimate the unknown depth information of the system in real time. And an IBVS controller gain adjustment method for 6-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) manipulator is obtained using fuzzy controller. This method can obtain the gain matrix by taking the depth and error information as the input of the fuzzy controller. Compared with the existing works, the proposed observer has less redundant motion while solving the Jacobian matrix depth estimation problem. At the same time, it will also be beneficial to reducing the time for the camera to reach the target. Conclusively, the experimental results of the 6-DOF robot with eye-in-hand configuration demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
More Than a Momentary Blip in the Universe? Investigating the Link Between Religiousness and Perceived Meaning in Life
Authors: Prinzing Michael , Van Cappellen Patty , Fredrickson Barbara L.
Published: December 2021

One longitudinal and four cross-sectional studies (total N = 3,141) tested two candidate explanations for the association between religiousness and perceived meaning in life. Religiousness may foster a sense of significance, importance, or mattering—either to others (social mattering) or in the grand scheme of the universe (cosmic mattering)—which, in turn, support perceived meaning. We found that perceived social mattering mediated, but could not fully explain, the link between religiousness and perceived meaning. In contrast, perceived cosmic mattering did fully explain the association. Overall, results suggest that perceived social and cosmic mattering are each part of the explanation. Yet, perceived cosmic mattering appears to be the stronger mechanism. We discuss how religious faith may be especially suited to support such perceptions, making it a partially unique source of felt meaning.
Educators’ Beliefs About Students’ Socioeconomic Backgrounds as a Pathway for Supporting Motivation
Authors: Silverman David M. , Hernandez Ivan A. , Destin Mesmin
Published: December 2021

Students’ understandings of their socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds have important implications for their motivation, achievement, and the emergence of SES-based educational disparities. Educators’ beliefs about students’ backgrounds likely play a meaningful role in shaping these understandings and, thus, may represent an important opportunity to support students from lower-SES backgrounds. We first experimentally demonstrate that educators can be encouraged to adopt background-specific strengths beliefs—which view students’ lower-SES backgrounds as potential sources of unique and beneficial strengths ( NStudy 1 = 125). Subsequently, we find that exposure to educators who communicate background-specific strengths beliefs positively influences the motivation and academic persistence of students, particularly those from lower-SES backgrounds ( NStudy 2 = 256; NStudy 3 = 276). Furthermore, lower-SES students’ own beliefs about their backgrounds mediated these effects. Altogether, our work contributes to social-psychological theory and practice regarding how key societal contexts can promote equity through identity-based processes.
Perceived Similarity of the Self to Animals, Creativity, and Anxiety—: A Terror Management Analysis
Authors: Lifshin Uri , Greenberg Jeff , Syropoulos Stylianos , Leidner Bernhard , Helm Peter J. , Sullivan Daniel , Horner Dylan , Mikulincer Mario
Published: December 2021

According to terror management theory, humans avoid death anxiety by embedding themselves within cultural worldviews that allow them to perceive themselves as more than mortal animals. However, individuals also differ in their trait-like tendency to dissociate from other animals. In six studies, we tested whether individuals who perceive themselves as more similar to animals (high-perceived similarity of the self to animals [PSSA]) invest more in creativity for terror management than low-PSSA individuals, but are also more vulnerable to experiencing anxiety and existential concerns. Supporting our hypotheses, PSSA was associated with investment in creativity and arts, especially after death primes (Studies 3 and 4). High-PSSA individuals had heightened trait anxiety and death-thought accessibility (Studies 5 and 6), and showed increased state anxiety following a negative feedback about their creativity (Study 6). Findings highlight the role of PSSA as a personality variable predicting human motivation and emotion.
Effectiveness of acromioclavicular joint mobilization and physical therapy vs physical therapy alone in patients with frozen shoulder: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rahbar Mohammad , Ranjbar Kiyakalayeh Sepideh , Mirzajani Reza , Eftekharsadat Bina , Dolatkhah Neda
Published: December 2021

Objectives

The objective of this trial was to compare the efficacy of acromioclavicular joint mobilization and standard physical-therapy versus physical-therapy alone in the treatment of the frozen shoulder.

Design

Single-blind randomized clinical trial.

Setting

Outpatient setting.

Subjects

Patients with frozen shoulder.

Intervention

Participants were randomly allocated into mobilization + physical-therapy (n = 28), and physical-therapy alone (n = 28) groups for one month.

Main Measures

The primary outcomes were the shoulder pain and disability index and the shoulder range of motion. The secondary outcome was the visual analogue scale. Measures were performed at the baseline, immediately and one month after the beginning of the treatment.

Results

Visual analogue scale and the shoulder pain and disability index improved more significantly in the mobilization group compared to the physical-therapy group immediately [−4.63 (−5.58–−3.67) vs. −2.22 (−2.96–−1.47), P < 0.001 and −23.08 (−28.63–−17.53) vs. −13.04 (−17.93–−8.16), P = 0.008, respectively] and one month after the beginning of the treatment [−5.58 (−6.45–−4.72) vs. −3.61 (−4.60–−2.62), P < 0.001 and −33.43 (−40.85–−26.01) vs. −20.03 (−26.00–−14.07), P = 0.001, respectively]. Active abduction range of motion was also improved more significantly immediately after the treatment in the mobilization group compared to the physical-therapy group [25.83 (11.45–40.13) vs. 10.17 (1.02–19.15), P = 0.025], however there were no significant differences between two groups concerning other measured range of motions.

Conclusions

Adding acromioclavicular mobilization to standard physical-therapy was more efficient in decreasing pain and disability and improving active abduction range of motion compared to standard physical-therapy in frozen shoulder patients.
Histologic pulmonary lesions of SARS-CoV-2 in 4 nonhuman primate species: An institutional comparative review
Authors: Clancy Chad S. , Shaia Carl , Munster Vincent , de Wit Emmie , Hawman David , Okumura Atsushi , Feldmann Heinz , Saturday Greg , Scott Dana
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an emergent, amphixenotic infection that resulted in a pandemic declaration in March 2020. A rapid search for appropriate animal models of this newly emergent viral respiratory disease focused initially on traditional nonhuman primate research species. Nonhuman primate models have previously been shown to be valuable in evaluation of emerging respiratory coronaviruses with pandemic potential (ie, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus). In this article, we review the pulmonary histopathologic characteristics and immunohistochemical evaluation of experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rhesus macaque, pigtail macaque, African green monkey, and squirrel monkey. Our results indicate that all evaluated nonhuman primate species developed variably severe histopathologic changes typical of coronavirus respiratory disease characterized by interstitial pneumonia with or without syncytial cell formation, alveolar fibrin, and pulmonary edema that progressed to type II pneumocyte hyperplasia. Lesion distribution was multifocal, frequently subpleural, and often more severe in lower lung lobes. However, squirrel monkeys showed the least severe and least consistent lesions of the evaluated nonhuman primates. Additionally, our results highlight the disparate physical relationship between viral antigen and foci of pulmonary lesions. While classic respiratory coronaviral lesions were observed in the lungs of all nonhuman primates evaluated, none of the primates exhibited severe lesions or evidence of diffuse alveolar damage and therefore are unlikely to represent the severe form of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in fatal human cases.
Wrongful Convictions and Erroneous Acquittals: Applying Packer’s Model to Examine Public Perceptions of Judicial Errors in Australia
Authors: Williamson Harley , Sato Mai , Dioso-Villa Rachel
Published: December 2021

The fallible nature of the criminal justice system continues to see judicial errors—that is, wrongful convictions and erroneous acquittals—undermine its integrity, efficacy, and legitimacy. Public perceptions of judicial errors are important contributors to criminal justice policy and reforms. The current study utilizes the 2016 Australian Survey of Social Attitudes (AuSSA) dataset to examine public attitudes toward judicial errors. It applies Herbert Packer’s crime control and due process models to understand how concerns around procedural safeguards and public safety are associated with public perceptions toward judicial errors. Packer’s model has been challenged by studies, which theorize that the models are not mutually exclusive. Yet, they have not been empirically tested in this context, which is a gap this study seeks to fill. Findings show that due process and crime control concerns shape public attitudes toward wrongful convictions and challenge the notion that Packer’s models be applied on a continuum.
Interbasin water transfer in a changing world: A new conceptual model
Authors: Rollason Edward , Sinha Pammi , Bracken Louise J
Published: December 2021

Water scarcity is a global issue, affecting in excess of four billion people. Interbasin Water Transfer (IBWT) is an established method for increasing water supply by transferring excess water from one catchment to another, water-scarce catchment. The implementation of IBWT peaked in the 1980s and was accompanied by a robust academic debate of its impacts. A recent resurgence in the popularity of IBWT, and particularly the promotion of mega-scale schemes, warrants revisiting this technology. This paper provides an updated review, building on previously published work, but also incorporates learning from schemes developed since the 1980s. We examine the spatial and temporal distribution of schemes and their drivers, review the arguments for and against the implementation of IBWT schemes and examine conceptual models for assessing IBWT schemes. Our analysis suggests that IBWT is growing in popularity as a supply-side solution for water scarcity and is likely to represent a key tool for water managers into the future. However, we argue that IBWT cannot continue to be delivered through current approaches, which prioritise water-centric policies and practices at the expense of social and environmental concerns. We critically examine the Socio-Ecological Systems and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus models as new conceptual models for conceptualising and assessing IBWT. We conclude that neither model offers a comprehensive solution. Instead, we propose an enhanced WEF model (eWEF) to facilitate a more holistic assessment of how these mega-scale engineering interventions are integrated into water management strategies. The proposed model will help water managers, decision-makers, IBWT funders and communities create more sustainable IBWT schemes.
Substance Use and Trauma Among Adult Education Students in the United States
Authors: Miller-Roenigk Brittany , Awad Michael , Crouch Maria C. , Gordon Derrick M.
Published: December 2021

Adult basic education (ABE) programs in the United States serve millions of students annually to help them achieve high school equivalency, English proficiency, and other skills. These skills are necessary for upward mobility and competitiveness in the labor market, which is important for ABE students who are disproportionately affected by racial/ethnic disparities and poverty. Among learners who are not in ABE programs, substance use and trauma affect student outcomes. Similar research is limited among ABE students. Understanding the influence of these factors among ABE students can better inform interventions. The current study, grounded in Stress and Coping Theory, examined rates, risk factors, and gender differences for substance use and trauma among 286 ABE students. Results indicated that trauma is prevalent and associated with substance use, substance use suggests a need for brief counseling, and there were gender differences in substance use behaviors. Recommendations for interventions among ABE programs are discussed.
An Exploration of the Relationship between PBIS and Discipline Outcomes for Students With Disabilities
Authors: Simonsen Brandi , Freeman Jennifer , Gambino Anthony J. , Sears Sandra , Meyer Katherine , Hoselton Robert
Published: December 2021

To support all students, including students with disabilities, many schools have adopted a positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS) framework. Although rigorous research documents the beneficial effects of Tier 1 PBIS for all students and emerging research extends these findings to students with disabilities, there has not been a national U.S. study focused on PBIS and discipline outcomes for students with disabilities. In this exploratory study, we combine existing national data sets to explore the relationship between (a) known PBIS exposure (i.e., being in the PBIS data set) and fidelity (i.e., meeting the criterion on an established fidelity measure of Tier 1 PBIS) and (b) exclusionary discipline for students with disabilities. Using two-part path analysis, we document that PBIS may be associated with decreased use of suspension; however, findings are less consistent for other discipline outcomes. This study highlights the critical need for more accurate data on discipline outcomes and further research on effective intervention.
Orthostatic Hypotension and Antiparkinsonian Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Nimmons Danielle , Bhanu Cini , Orlu Mine , Schrag Anette , Walters Kate
Published: December 2021

Background

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is multifactorial in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Antiparkinsonian medication can contribute to OH, leading to increased risk of falls, weakness and fatigue.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of antiparkinsonian drugs associated with OH as an adverse effect, compared to placebo. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science databases until November 2020. Analysis used fixed-effects models and the GRADE tool to rate quality of evidence. Meta-analysis was performed if 3 or more studies of a drug group were available.

Results

Twenty-one RCTs including 3783 patients were included comparing 6 PD drug groups to placebo (MAO-B inhibitors, dopamine agonists, levodopa, COMT inhibitors, levodopa and adenosine receptor antagonists). OH was recorded as an adverse event or measurement of vital signs, without further specification on how this was defined or operationalised. Meta-analysis was performed for MAO-B inhibitors and dopamine agonists, as there were 3 or more studies for these drug groups. In this analysis, compared with placebo, neither MAO-B inhibitors or dopamine agonists were associated with increased risk of OH, (OR 2.28 [95% CI:0.81–6.46]), (OR 1.39 [95% CI:0.97–1.98]).

Conclusions

Most studies did not specifically report OH, or reporting of OH was limited, including how and when it was measured. Furthermore, studies specifically reporting OH included participants that were younger than typical PD populations without multimorbidity. Future trials should address this, for example,, by including individuals over the age of 75, to improve estimations of how antiparkinsonian medications affect risk of OH.
Methods and Barriers to Communication Between Pharmacists During Transitions of Care
Authors: Wooster Jessica , Bethishou Laressa , Gernant Stephanie A. , On Phung C. , Candelario Danielle M. , Uppala Amulya , Mansukhani Rupal , Shoair Osama A.
Published: December 2021

Background: Effective communication between pharmacists across healthcare settings is essential to facilitate transitions of care (TOC) and improve patient outcomes. Objective: To explore pharmacists’ communication methods and preferences and identify barriers to communication during TOC. Methods: A survey was distributed to a convenience sample of pharmacists in California, Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Texas. The survey collected information on pharmacists’ demographics, practice settings, and clinical services, and their methods, preferences, and barriers to communication during TOC. Results: A total of 308 responses were included in the analysis. The majority of pharmacists practiced in inpatient pharmacy (39.3%) followed by outpatient community pharmacy (23.4%). About 57.8% of pharmacists reported involvement in TOC services. Among respondents, most reported electronic health record (EHR) as their primary method of communication to receive (66.2%) and send (55.5%) information to perform TOC services. Additionally, EHR was reported as the preferred method of communication to receive (75.4%) and send (75.5%) information during TOC. The primary reasons pharmacists reported not utilizing patient health information were lack of information (38.4%), incorrect information (36.7%), delay in receiving information (36.7%), and lack of time (34.5%). Barriers to providing TOC services included poor communication during handoffs (44.2%) and difficulty obtaining needed patient medical information (43.9%). Conclusion: This study identified methods and barriers to communication between pharmacists during TOC across healthcare settings. This provides an opportunity for future research to develop interventions to improve communication between pharmacists at different practice settings.
Pantoprazole-induced Thrombocytopenia: Unresponsive to Corticosteroid and Thrombocyte Concentrate Transfusion
Authors: Widyati  , Latifah Nurul , Ramadhani Maya
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) class drug that is widely used in the treatment of SRMD (stress-related mucosal disease in critical ill patients. PPI are one class of drugs used commonly both for treatment and prophylactic therapy for stress ulcers in intensive care unit (ICU). Case: We report a case of a 51-year old male who was referred to PKU Hospital. He was admitted to ICU with diagnosis of Hyperosmolar Hyperglymic State and bronchopneumonia. Thrombocytopenia was noted in admission. There was more than 70% decrease in platelet count after initiation of pantoprazole. Patient received Thrombocyte Concentrate (TC) transfusion and corticosteroid iv for several days, but only had minor increase in platelet count. The platelets recovered after stopping pantoprazole. Discussion: In the present case report, another exposures to parenteral pantoprazole in a dose of 40 mg once daily reproduced the same adverse drug reaction. In comparison to lansoprazole, thrombocytopenia from pantoprazole is more severe that necessitate TC transfusion and corticosteroid trial. However, in the present case, TC transfusion and corticosteroid fail to escalate platelet count. This finding suggests probability of non-immune mechanism of pantoprazole-induced thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: Pantoprazole may induce thrombocytopenia with new features that were immediately developed, resulting a decrease in platelet count >70%. The mechanism found in this case may be non-immune. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is one of the rare complications that has to be kept in mind with the use of pantoprazole.
Quasi-static compression behavior and microstructure changes in low-cost AA6061 composites
Authors: P Hariharasakthisudhan , T Hariharasudhan , S Karthik , K Sathickbasha , B Surya Rajan
Published: December 2021

The workability study of the composites enhances the understanding of the degree of plastic deformation that can be employed on it. The current research work highlights the response of the low-cost aluminum composites reinforced with exhausted alkaline battery powders under quasi-static compression. The effect of reinforcements and aspect ratio against the strain hardening exponent and strength coefficients were investigated. The microstructural changes after quasi-static compression were studied and related to the changes in the property of the composites. The composite with 6 wt.% of reinforcement showed the least amount of porosity as 1.2%. In most of the cases, the maximum value of average strain hardening exponent with respect to axial strain was noted in the composites with 6 wt. % of reinforcement. The lowest aspect ratio of 0.5 showed the maximum workability in the composites. The average strength coefficient was found to be maximum (308.58 MPa) in the composite with 2 wt.% reinforcement. The elongated grains and slip bands were observed in the microstructure of the compressed specimens.
Investigation of wear mechanics and behaviour of NiCr metallic foam abradables
Authors: Liu Allan , Marshall Matthew , Rahimov Eldar , Panizo Julian
Published: December 2021

Current aero-engine sealing materials are reaching their operating limit, as manufacturers seek more efficient engines with longer service lives. Even when utilised in optimum conditions, current materials have inconsistencies in performance due to variabilities in their microstructure, which lead to undesirable responses and events. As such, a new generation of sealing materials is required. Metallic foams are one such material, given the opportunities that exist to both engineer material properties, and achieve relatively consistent microstructures when compared to the current class of thermally sprayed abradable materials. In this study, the abradability of a nickel (70%)–chromium (30%) (NiCr) alloy foam is investigated, with the role of cell size and filler material considered. Tests are performed on a representative high-speed test rig, where a flat blade is used to simulate an aero-engine incursion event. A series of in situ measurement techniques, such as force, temperature and stroboscopic wear measurements are used to characterise the incursion, with DIC (Digital Image Correlation) techniques also employed to investigate breakdown of the foam. Unfilled foams were shown to lead to high blade wear, with the inclusion of filler materials leading to load transfer and collapse of the foam away from the incursion site, along with improved fracture. Both load transfer and ligament collapse mechanisms were found to promote more favourable rub mechanics at all incursion rates tested.
New methodology for flight control system sizing and hinge moment estimation
Authors: Cabaleiro de la Hoz Carlos , Fioriti Marco
Published: December 2021

Flight control surfaces guarantee a safe and precise control of the aircraft. As a result, hinge moments are generated. These moments need to be estimated in order to properly size the aircraft actuators. Control surfaces include the ailerons, rudder, elevator, flaps, slats, and spoilers, and they are moved by electric or hydraulic actuators. Actuator sizing is the key when comparing different flight control system architectures. This fact becomes even more important when developing more-electric aircraft. Hinge moments need to be estimated so that the actuators can be properly sized and their effects on the overall aircraft design are measured. Hinge moments are difficult to estimate on the early stages of the design process due to the large number of required input. Detailed information about the airfoil, wing surfaces, control surfaces, and actuators is needed but yet not known on early design phases. The objective of this paper is to propose a new methodology for flight control system sizing, including mass and power estimation. A surrogate model for the hinge moment estimation is also proposed and used. The main advantage of this new methodology is that all the components and actuators can be properly sized instead of just having overall system results. The whole system can now be sized more in detail during the preliminary design process, which allows to have a more reliable estimation and to perform systems installation analysis. Results show a reliable system mass estimation similar to the results obtained with other known methods and also providing the weight for each component individually.
How solar-based renewable energy contributes to CO2 emissions abatement? Sustainable environment policy implications for solar industry
Authors: Zhu Lei , Fang Wei , Rahman Saif Ur , Khan Ahmad Imran
Published: December 2021

Renewable energy sources are gaining popularity because they are less expensive and more efficient than traditional energy sources. Using data from 1991 to 2018, we examined the asymmetric impact of solar energy consumption on CO2 emissions in the top-ten solar energy-consumer economies (China, the United States, Japan, Germany, India, Italy, Australia, Vietnam, South Korea, and Spain). Earlier research has used a panel data technique, which has produced consistent conclusions on the solar power–CO2 emissions association, despite the fact that some economies have no evidence of such a linkage. The current study, on the other hand, employs a unique methodology known as “quantile-on-quantile,” which can evaluate time-series dependence in each economy separately to give world yet country-related information for the association among the variables. The findings investigate how quantiles of solar energy consumption quantiles influence CO2 emissions quantiles asymmetrically by giving an appropriate structure to apprehend the whole dependency pattern. The results suggest that, except in Spain and India, solar energy consumption minimizes carbon dioxide emissions at various quantiles. However, the strength of nonlinear association in solar energy–CO2 emissions nexus varies from country to country that needs individual attention and caution for governments in developing the policies related to the solar industry and the sustainable environment.
Reforming Teacher and Leader Preparation to Improve Instruction and Schooling for Students With Disabilities: The CEEDAR Way
Authors: Brownell Mary T. , Holdheide Lynn , Kuchle Laura , Kamman Margaret , Perkinson Leah
Published: December 2021

Effective preparation systems are critical for preparing teachers and school leaders who have the knowledge and skills to educate students with disabilities to achieve college and career ready standards. These systems must provide teachers and leaders with effective practice-based opportunities to learn about evidence-based and high-leverage practices in their initial preparation and throughout their careers. Creating such systems, however, depends on comprehensive systems change in which aligned research-based policy and preparation/induction practices are implemented in higher education and k-12 schools. This article describes the ingredients of effective systems change, and how the CEEDAR Center Technical Assistance approach is informed by implementation drivers, as articulated by the U.S. National Implementation Research Network. The outcomes achieved by the center thus far are also articulated as are challenges encountered.
Daratumumab for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: A Review of Clinical Applicability and Operational Considerations
Authors: Arnall Justin R. , Maples Kathryn T. , Harvey R. Donald , Moore Donald C.
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To review the available data for the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), both in the newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory settings, as well as provide additional guidance to clinicians on operational, safety, and supportive care considerations.

Data Sources:

A literature search of PubMed (1966 to October 2021) was conducted using the keywords daratumumab, Darzalex, and myeloma. Data were also obtained from prescribing information and unpublished abstracts from meetings.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:

All relevant published articles, prescribing information, and unpublished meeting abstracts on daratumumab for the treatment of MM were reviewed.

Data Synthesis:

Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of MM. The addition of daratumumab to proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug-based regimens has led to a consistent improvement in progression-free survival and response rates in relapsed/refractory MM as per the POLLUX, CASTOR, APOLLO, and CANDOR trials. The ALCYONE and MAIA phase III trials have demonstrated an overall survival benefit when adding daratumumab to frontline regimens for transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed MM. In transplant-eligible patients, daratumumab-based quadruplet regimens have improved depth of response in the CASSIOPIEA and GRIFFIN trials.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

Operational and safety considerations that clinicians need to account for do exist, including different administration and infusion strategies, infusion-related reactions, increased risk for infectious complications, and interference with blood transfusion management.

Conclusions:

Daratumumab has led to a shift in the treatment paradigm of both newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM, leading to improvements in outcomes such as response rates, depth of response, and progression-free survival.
Strategic Lobbying and the Pressure to Compromise Member Interests
Authors: Holyoke Thomas T.
Published: December 2021

Do lobbyists always advocate for the interests of the members or clients employing them, or, under competing pressures, do they sometimes take positions on bills reflecting the interests of lawmakers or other lobbyists? Do they, in fact, lobby strategically by making choices that balance competing pressures in pursuit of goals like furthering their careers? Most lobbying research assumes that interest groups and lobbyists are the same, but I argue that the interests of lobbyists may be different from those they represent, which I test with a model of strategic lobbying using data on positions lobbyists took on bills in Congress from 2006 to 2017 made available by MapLight. I find that lobbyists sometimes do take positions at odds with member interests under pressure from legislators, other lobbyists, and the president, though some groups can constrain their lobbyists. I conclude by speculating on what this means for lobbying as a form of representation.