bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro selection of microspores for resistance to oxidative stress resulted in chilling tolerance in doubled haploid maize lines
Authors: Darkó Eva , Ambrus H. , Szenzenstein A. , Barnabás B.
Published: October 2011

The chilling tolerance of doubled haploid (DH) maize plants selected and regenerated from microspores exposed to prooxidants, paraquat or tert-butyl hydroperoxide was determined by monitoring cold-induced changes in the photosynthetic electron transport, CO2 assimilation processes and chlorophyll breakdown in young leaves after cold treatment (8°C for 5 days). The results were compared to those of the non-selected DH line and the original hybrid plants. Chilling stress caused a great reduction in the Fv/Fm, qP and ΔF/Fm’ fluorescence parameters, related to the photosynthetic electron transport processes, and in carbon assimilation, and resulted in chlorophyll breakdown. These changes were less extensive in the selected DH plants, which showed elevated antioxidant capacity both at ambient and at low temperature. Among the antioxidant enzymes tested, the activity of GR and GST was induced by chilling stress to the greatest extent. Correlations between cold-induced changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and the antioxidant capacity of the plants suggested that the better protection against oxidative stress induced by the elevated antioxidant capacity of the plants contributed to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from cold.
“Always up or peaks and highlands?” Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in Hungary (1989–2009)
Authors: Gyürüs Éva , Patterson Chris , Soltész Gyula
Published: October 2011

Aim of this study was to examine secular trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children aged 0–14 years in Hungary over the period 1989–2009. Methods: Newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes aged 0–14 years in Hungary were prospectively registered from 1989 to 2009. Standardized incidence rates were calculated and secular trends were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. Results: Between 1989 and 2009 a total number of 3432 children were identified, giving a standardized incidence rate of 12.5 (95%CI 12.1–12.9) per 100 000 person/year. The overall incidence rate has doubled from 7.7 (95%CI 6.4–9.15) per 100 000 per year in 1989 to 18.2 (95%CI 15.7–20.9) per 100 000 per year in 2009. A significant linear trend in incidence (p<0.001) has been observed over time, with a mean annual increase of 4.4%. The increase in incidence was present in both genders and in all age groups, with the largest relative increase in the youngest age group (6.2%; p<0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Hungarian children continues to increase, with the highest rate in the very young. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1692–1697.
Predicting Thermal Transport in Bi2Te3: From Bulk to Nanostructures
Authors: Qiu Bo , Ruan Xiulin
Published: October 2011

Two-body interatomic potentials in the Morse potential form have been developed for bismuth telluride, and the potentials are used in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 bulk, nanowires and few-quintuple thin films. The density functional theory with local density approximations is first used to calculate the total energies for many artificially distorted Bi2Te3 configurations to produce the energy surface. Then by fitting to this energy surface and other experimental data, the Morse potential form is parameterized. Molecular dynamics simulations are then performed to predict the thermal conductivity of bulk Bi2Te3 at different temperatures, and the results agree with experimental data well. We also predicted the thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3 nanowires with diameter ranging from 3 to 30 nm with both smooth (SMNW) and rough (STNW) surfaces. It is found that when the nanowire diameter decreases to the molecular scale (below 10 nm, or the so called "quantum wire"), the thermal conductivity shows significant reduction as compared to bulk value. We find the dimensional crossover behavior of thermal transport in few quintuple layer (QL) thin films at room temperature, and we attribute it to the interplay between phonon Umklapp scattering and boundary scattering. Also, nanoporous films show significantly reduced thermal conductivity compared to perfect thin films, indicating that they can be very promising thermoelectric materials.
No Evidence of Association between 8q24 and Susceptibility to Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Palate in Japanese Population
Authors: Hikida Masanori , Tsuda Masayoshi , Watanabe Akira , Kinoshita Akira , Akita Sadanori , Hirano Akiyoshi , Uchiyama Takeshi , Yoshiura Koh-Ichiro
Published: October 2011

Objective

Recent genome-wide association studies identified susceptibility loci for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) on 8q24.21, 10q25.3, 13q31.1, 15q13.3, 17q22, and 18q22 in populations of European origin. The purpose of this study was to determine, using DNA samples, whether 8q24.21 was a susceptibility locus for the development of NSCL±P in Japanese patients.

Methods

We used DNA from 167 Japanese NSCL±P patients (45 cleft lip without cleft palate and 122 cleft lip with cleft palate patients) and 190 Japanese unaffected control individuals. We performed an association study using 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected on the 8q24.21 locus. Genotyping of each SNP was carried out by direct sequencing of genomic DNA. Additionally, a haplotype block was constructed using the selected SNPs.

Results

The 13 selected SNPs were successfully genotyped in 357 individuals. The p values obtained were not low enough to indicate a significant association between the haplotypes and the development of NSCL±P in this population.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the 8q24.21 locus is not associated with susceptibility to NSCL±P in Japanese patients and provide further evidence that ethnicity is a strong factor in determining susceptibility loci, albeit using a limited number of samples. Further studies are needed to identify regions involved in the development of NSCL±P in the Japanese population.
Sea ice microbial production supports Ross Sea benthic communities: influence of a small but stable subsidy
Authors: Wing S. R. , McLeod R. J. , Leichter J. J. , Frew R. D. , Lamare M. D.
Published: October 2011

Diversity in guilds of primary producers enhances temporal stability in provision of organic matter to consumers. In the Antarctic ecosystem, where temporal variability in phytoplankton production is high, sea ice contains a diatom and microbial community (SIMCO) that represents a pool of organic matter that is seasonally more consistent, although of relatively small magnitude. The fate of organic material produced by SIMCO in Antarctica is largely unknown but may represent an important link between sea ice dynamics and secondary production in nearshore food webs. We used whole tissue and compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of consumers to test whether the sea ice microbial community is an important source of organic matter supporting nearshore communities in the Ross Sea. We found distinct gradients in δ13C and δ15N of SIMCO corresponding to differences in inorganic carbon and nitrogen acquisition among sites with different sea ice extent and persistence. Mass balance analysis of a suite of consumers demonstrated large fluxes of SIMCO into the nearshore food web, ranging from 5% to 100% of organic matter supplied to benthic species, and 0–10% of organic matter to upper water column or pelagic inhabitants. A δ13C analysis of nine fatty acids including two key biomarkers for diatoms, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6ω3), confirmed these patterns. We observed clear patterns in δ13C of fatty acids that are enriched in 13C for species that acquire a large fraction of their nutrition from SIMCO. These data demonstrate the key role of SIMCO in ecosystem functioning in Antarctica and strong linkages between sea ice extent and nearshore secondary productivity. While SIMCO provides a stabilizing subsidy of organic matter, changes to sea ice coverage associated with climate change would directly affect secondary production and stability of benthic food webs in Antarctica.
Prevalence and Correlates of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wilson Amy C. , Schneider Michael F. , Cox Christopher , Greenbaum Larry A. , Saland Jeffrey , White Colin T. , Furth Susan , Warady Bradley A. , Mitsnefes Mark M.
Published: October 2011

Background and objectives

Although prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) has been described in children with CKD, the frequency with which these CVRF occur concomitantly and the clinical characteristics associated with multiple CVRF are unknown. This study determined the prevalence and characteristics of multiple CVRF in children in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Using cross-sectional data from first follow-up visits, we determined the prevalence of four CVRF: hypertension (casual BP >95th percentile or self-reported hypertension with concurrent use of anti-hypertensive medication), dyslipidemia (triglycerides >130 mg/dl, HDL <40 mg/dl, non-HDL >160 mg/dl, or use of lipid-lowering medication), obesity (BMI >95th percentile), and abnormal glucose metabolism (fasting glucose >110 mg/dl, insulin >20 μIU/ml, or HOMA-IR >2.20, >3.61, or >3.64 for those at Tanner stage 1, 2 to 3, or 4 to 5, respectively) in 250 children (median age 12.2 years, 74% Caucasian, median iohexol-based GFR 45.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2).

Results

Forty-six percent had hypertension, 44% had dyslipidemia, 15% were obese, and 21% had abnormal glucose metabolism. Thirty-nine percent, 22%, and 13% had one, two, and three or more CVRF, respectively. In multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, glomerular disease and nephrotic-range proteinuria were associated with 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 3.72) and 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 4.43) higher odds of having more CVRF, respectively.

Conclusions

We found high prevalence of multiple CVRF in children with mild to moderate CKD. Children with glomerular disease may be at higher risk for future cardiovascular events.
Contaminated Cocaine and Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Disease
Authors: McGrath Martina M. , Isakova Tamara , Rennke Helmut G. , Mottola Ann M. , Laliberte Karen A. , Niles John L.
Published: October 2011

Background and objectives

Approximately 70% of illicit cocaine consumed in the United States is contaminated with levamisole. Most commonly used as a veterinary antihelminthic agent, levamisole is a known immunomodulating agent. Prolonged use in humans has been associated with cutaneous vasculitis and agranulocytosis. We describe the development of a systemic autoimmune disease associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in cocaine users. This complication appears to be linked to combined cocaine and levamisole exposure.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Cases were identified between March 2009 and November 2010 at Massachusetts General Hospital's ANCA laboratory. Cocaine exposure was identified from patient history in all cases. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation and for laboratory and diagnostic evaluation.

Results

Thirty cases of ANCA positivity associated with cocaine ingestion were identified. All had antimyeloperoxidase antibodies and 50% also had antiproteinase 3 antibodies. Complete clinical and laboratory data were available for 18 patients. Arthralgia (83%) and skin lesions (61%) were the most frequent complaints at presentation. Seventy-two percent of patients reported constitutional symptoms, including fever, night sweats, weight loss, or malaise. Four patients had biopsy-proven vasculitis. Two cases of acute kidney injury and three cases of pulmonary hemorrhage occurred. From the entire cohort of 30, two cases were identified during the first 3 months of our study period and nine cases presented during the last 3 months.

Conclusions

We describe an association between the ingestion of levamisole-contaminated cocaine and ANCA-associated systemic autoimmune disease. Our data suggest that this is a potentially life-threatening complication of cocaine use.
Long-term sustainability of bio-components production
Authors: Soucek Ivan , Ocic Ozren
Published: October 2011

Biofuels play an increasingly important role in motor fuel market. The list of biofuels (bio-components) in accordance with EU legislations contains a number of substances not widely used in the market. Traditionally these include: fatty acid methyl esters (FAME, in the Czech Republic methyl ether of rape seed oil) and bioethanol (also ethyl terc. buthyl ether ETBE, based on bioethanol). The availability and possible utilizations of bio-component fuels in Czech Republic and Serbia are discussed. Additional attention is paid on the identification of the possibilities to improve effectiveness of rape seeds cultivation and utilization of by-products from FAME production (utilization of sew, rape-meal and glycerol) which will allow fulfilment of the sustainability criteria for the first generation biofuels. The new approaches on renewable co-processing are commented. The concept of 3E (emissions, energy demand, and economics) is introduced specifying three main attributes for effective production of FAME production in accordance with legal compliances. Bio-components price change is analyzed in comparison to the price of motor fuels, identifying possible (speculative) crude price break-even point at the level of 149-176 USD/bbl at which point bio-fuels would become economically cost effective for the use by refiners.
Erratum to: Superficial mycoses in the Nis region, Southeast-Serbia
Authors: Otasevic Suzana , Miladinovic-Tasic Natasa , Đorđević Jovana , Ranđelović Gordana , Ignjatović Aleksandra , Stojanović Predrag , Zdravković Dragan , Marković Roberta
Published: October 2011

The original version of the article was published in Central European Journal of Medicine Volume 6, Number 5, 665–671, DOI: 10.2478/s11536-011-0052-y. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains mistakes in the Authors names section. There should be: Suzana Otasevic1, Natasa Miladinovic-Tasic1, Jovana Đorđević1, Gordana Ranđelović1, Aleksandra Ignjatović1, Predrag Stojanović1, Dragan Zdravković2, Roberta Marković2
Bioactive papaverine derivatives bind G-quadruplexes selectively
Authors: Galezowska Elzbieta , Kosman Joanna , Stepien Agnieszka , Rubis Blazej , Rybczynska Maria , Juskowiak Bernard
Published: October 2011

G-quadruplexes are a family of DNA secondary structures resulting from the folding of a guanine-rich sequence. Targeting quadruplexes by small molecules is an approach that is currently being studied with the aim of exploring their biological roles and developing new anti-cancer agents. There is evidence that the formation of G4 structures by telomeric DNA can be used to inhibit the enzyme activity of telomerase, and thereby to activate the pathway to senescence in tumour cells. It was previously shown that the papaverine oxidation products 6a,12a-diazadibenzo-[a,g]fluorenylium derivative (ligand I) and 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-12-oxo-12H-indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolinium chloride (ligand II) bind to G-quadruplex representing the human telomeric sequence. These ligands possess the ability to inhibit telomerase and polymerase action at the micromolar level. Here we report a DNA binding study on these two ligands and a new derivative 2-(2-carboxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl0-6,7-dimethoxyisoquiloliniuminner salt (ligand III) in order to evaluate their binding selectivity to samples of nucleic acids (ssDNA, dsDNA, triplexes, and quadruplexes). Simultaneous investigations on several DNA-ligand complexes carried out using an equilibrium dialysis approach revealed pronounced binding selectivity of ligand I and ligand II to tetraplex DNA structures over the doublestranded DNA forms.
Additive-assisted Rupe rearrangement of 1-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol in near-critical water
Authors: Chang Yong-Juan , Wang Zhi-Zhong , Luo Li-Gang , Dai Li-Yi
Published: October 2011

We performed the Rupe rearrangement of 1-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol in near-critical water to study the reaction under high temperature conditions. The final product thus obtained was primarily 1-cyclohexen-1-ylethanone which was identified by GC-MS. The influences of reaction time, temperature, and initial reactant-to-water ratio on the yield of 1-cyclohexen-1-ylethanone were examined. The yield of 1-cyclohexen-1-ylethanone was 49 % in pure water at 260°C for a reaction time of 60 min. However, when additives such as ZnSO4, FeCl3, and NaHSO4, respectively, were introduced to the water to investigate the effect of salts on the Rupe rearrangement reaction, the yield increased markedly to as much as 88 % in 5 mole % NaHSO4 aqueous solution under the same conditions. The catalytic ability of the additives decreased in order: NaHSO4, FeCl3, ZnSO4. On the basis of these results, a possible reaction mechanism of the Rupe rearrangement of 1-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol in near-critical water was proposed.
One-pot synthesis and luminescent spectra of 3-allyl substituted quinazoline-2,4-dione derivatives as allyl capping agents
Authors: Farouk Mahmoud , Alrokayan Salman , Imran Ahamad , Abu-Salah Khalid
Published: October 2011

3-Nitro-N-(phenylsulphonyloxy)phthalimide (IIIa) and N-(phenylsulphonyloxy)phthalimide (IIIb) were synthesised as key intermediates in good yield. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectral data. The reaction of the key intermediates with allylamine produced 3-allyl-5-nitroquinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (IVa) and 3-allylquinazoline-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione (IVb), respectively. Luminescence emission and excitation spectra of IVa and IVb are also presented.
Using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) to Enhance PubMed Search Strategies for Evidence-Based Practice in Physical Therapy
Authors: Richter Randy R. , Austin Tricia M.
Published: October 2011

Background

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an important paradigm in health care. Physical therapists report lack of knowledge and time constraints as barriers to EBP.

Objective

The purpose of this technical report is to illustrate how Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), a controlled vocabulary thesaurus of indexing terms, is used to efficiently search MEDLINE, the largest component of PubMed. Using clinical questions, this report illustrates how search terms common to physical therapist practice do or do not map to appropriate MeSH terms. A PubMed search strategy that takes advantage of text words and MeSH terms is provided.

Results

A search of 139 terms and 13 acronyms was conducted to determine whether they appropriately mapped to a MeSH term. The search results were categorized into 1 of 5 outcomes. Nearly half (66/139) of the search terms mapped to an appropriate MeSH term (outcome 1). When a search term did not appropriately map to a MeSH term, it was entered into the MeSH database to search for an appropriate MeSH term. Twenty-one appropriate MeSH terms were found (outcomes 2 and 4), and there were 52 search terms for which an appropriate MeSH term was not found (outcomes 3 and 5). Nearly half of the acronyms did not map to an appropriate MeSH term, and an appropriate MeSH term was not found in the database.

Limitations

The results are based on a limited number of search terms and acronyms.

Conclusions

Understanding how search terms map to MeSH terms and using the PubMed search strategy can enable physical therapists to take full advantage of available MeSH terms and should result in more-efficient and better-informed searches.
Effectiveness of a Targeted Exercise Intervention in Reversing Older People's Mild Balance Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Xiao Jing , Hill Keith , Moore Kirsten , Williams Susan , Dowson Leslie , Borschmann Karen , Simpson Julie Anne , Dharmage Shyamali C.
Published: October 2011

Background

Previous research has mainly targeted older people with high risk of falling. The effectiveness of exercise interventions in older people with mild levels of balance dysfunction remains unexplored.

Objective

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a home balance and strength exercise intervention in older people systematically screened as having mild balance dysfunction.

Design

This was a community-based, randomized controlled trial with assessors blinded to group allocation.

Participants

Study participants were older people who reported concerns about their balance but remained community ambulant (n=225). After a comprehensive balance assessment, those classified as having mild balance dysfunction (n=165) were randomized into the trial.

Intervention

Participants in the intervention group (n=83) received a 6-month physical therapist–prescribed balance and strength home exercise program, based on the Otago Exercise Program and the Visual Health Information Balance and Vestibular Exercise Kit. Participants in the control group (n=82) continued with their usual activities.

Outcome Measures

Laboratory and clinical measures of balance, mobility, and strength were assessed at baseline and at a 6-month reassessment.

Results

After 6 months, the intervention group (n=59) significantly improved relative to the control group (n=62) for: the Functional Reach Test (mean difference=2.95 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.75 to 4.15), the Step Test (2.10 steps/15 seconds, 95% CI=1.17 to 3.02), hip abductor strength (0.02, 95% CI=0.01 to 0.03), and gait step width (2.17 cm, 95% CI=1.23 to 3.11). There were nonsignificant trends for improvement on most other measures. Fourteen participants in the intervention group (23.7%) achieved balance performance within the normative range following the exercise program, compared with 3 participants (4.8%) in the control group.

Limitations

Loss to follow-up (26.6%) was slightly higher than in some similar studies but was unlikely to have biased the results.

Conclusions

A physical therapist–prescribed home exercise program targeting balance and strength was effective in improving a number of balance and related outcomes in older people with mild balance impairment.
The exact theory for scattering of waves by thick holes in a slab and other objects with non-separable geometries
Authors: Hoenders B. J.
Published: October 2011

The theory for scattering of electromagnetic waves is developed for scattering objects for which the natural modes of the field inside the object do not couple one-to-one with those outside the scatterer. Key feature of the calculation of the scattered fields is the introduction of a new set of modes. As an example, we calculate the reflected and transmitted fields generated by an electromagnetic plane wave that impinges upon a multilayer slab of which the layers are stacked perpendicular to the boundary planes. As this is the geometry of a thick plate with slits our theory encompasses the exact scattering theory of electromagnetic waves by a thick plate with slits.
Characterization of the anamorphic and spatial frequency dependent phenomenon in Liquid Crystal on Silicon displays
Authors: Lobato L. , Lizana A. , Márquez A. , Moreno I. , Iemmi C. , Campos J. , Yzuel M. J.
Published: October 2011

The diffractive efficiency of Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS) displays can be greatly diminished by the appearance of temporal phase fluctuations in the reflected beam, depolarization effects and also because of phase modulation depths smaller than 2π. In order to maximize the efficiency of the Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) implemented in the LCoS device, the Minimum Euclidean Distance principle can be applied. However, not all the diffractive elements can be corrected in the same way due to the anamorphic and spatial frequency dependent phenomenon, which is related to the LCoS response, largely depending on the period and the spatial orientation of the generated DOE. Experimental evidence for the anamorphic and spatial frequency dependent phenomenon is provided in this paper, as well as a comparative study between the LCoS display response for binary gratings of different periods.
Scattering and absorption properties of carbon nanohorn-based nanofluids for solar energy applications
Authors: Mercatelli L. , Sani E. , Fontani D. , Zaccanti G. , Martelli F. , Di Ninni P.
Published: October 2011

In this work we investigated the scattering and absorption properties of nanofluids consisting in aqueous suspensions of single wall carbon nanohorns. The characteristics of these nanofluids were evaluated in order to use them as direct sunlight absorber fluids in solar devices. The investigation was carried our for nanohorns of different morphologies and for suspensions prepared with different amounts of surfactant. The differences in optical properties induced by carbon nanoparticles compared to those of pure water lead to a considerably higher sunlight absorption with respect to the pure base fluid. Scattered light over the total attenuation of light was found to be nearly negligible at NIR wavelengths. Both these effects, together with the possible chemical functionalization of carbon nanohorns, make this new kind of nanofluids very interesting for increasing the overall efficiency of the sunlight exploiting device.
Adipose lesions of nerve: the need for a modified classification
Authors: Spinner Robert J. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Amrami Kimberly K. , Wenger Doris E. , Hébert-Blouin Marie-Noëlle
Published: October 2011

Object

Adipose lesions of nerve are rare and poorly understood. Their current classification, although not universally accepted, generally includes lipomatosis of nerve with or without localized macrodactyly, and intra- as well as extraneural lipoma. The authors believe that the spectrum of these lesions and their interrelationships are not currently appreciated. They propose an adaptation to the existing framework to illustrate the expanding spectrum of adipose lesions of nerve by considering lipomatosis and lipoma singly or in combination.

Methods

Fourteen representative cases are presented to demonstrate not only the intraneural and extraneural examples of lipomatosis and lipoma, but also their anatomical combinations.

Results

Based on the cases presented and a careful literature review, a conceptual approach to the classification of adipose lesions of nerve is generated. This approach incorporates the 2 essential lesions, lipomatosis of nerve and lipoma, in both their intra- and extraneural forms. This permits expansion to encompass combinations.

Conclusions

To press the concept that adipose tumors of nerve are a broad but interrelated spectrum of lesions, the authors propose modification of the present classification system. This approach provides an orderly platform for progress, reflects understanding of these interrelated lesions, and facilitates optimal treatment by distinguishing resectable from nonresectable components.
Therapeutic benefit of urocortin in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Liew Hock-Kean , Hsu Chih-Wei , Wang Mei-Jen , Kuo Jon-Son , Li Ting-Yi , Peng Hsiao-Fen , Wang Jia-Yi , Pang Cheng-Yoong
Published: October 2011

Object

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for about 15% of all deaths due to stroke. It frequently causes brain edema, leading to an expansion of brain volume that exerts a negative impact on ICH outcomes. The ICH-induced brain edema involves inflammatory mechanisms. The authors' in vitro study shows that urocortin (UCN) exhibits antiinflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the neuroprotective effect of UCN on ICH in rats was investigated.

Methods

Intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by an infusion of bacteria collagenase type VII-S or autologous blood into the unilateral striatum of anesthetized rats. At 1 hour after the induction of ICH, UCN (0.05, 0.5, and 5 μg) was infused into the lateral ventricle on the ipsilateral side. The authors examined the injury area, brain water content, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neurological function.

Results

The UCN, administered in the ipsilateral lateral ventricle, was able to penetrate into the injured striatum. Posttreatment with UCN reduced the injury area, brain edema, and blood-brain barrier permeability and improved neurological deficits of rats with ICH.

Conclusions

Posttreatment with UCN through improving neurological deficits of rats with ICH dose dependently provided a potential therapeutic agent for patients with ICH or other brain injuries.
Spondylectomy of T-2 according to the Tomita technique via an extended Fessler approach: a cadaveric study
Authors: Miscusi Massimo , Domenicucci Maurizio , Polli Filippo Maria , Forcato Stefano , De Giorgio Fabio , Raco Antonino
Published: October 2011

Object

The authors' aim was to conduct a surgical anatomy and feasibility study on the use of an extended posterolateral approach to the cervicothoracic junction (Fessler approach) in cadavers to facilitate en bloc removal of the second thoracic vertebra using the Tomita technique. To apply this technique, it is mandatory to approach both sides of the vertebra. But such a maneuver is very difficult in the region of the cervicothoracic junction because the scapula and its muscles represent an anatomical barrier to the paravertebral compartment and lateral aspects of the vertebrae.

Methods

To study the extended posterolateral Fessler approach to the cervicothoracic junction and the possible application of the Tomita technique on the second thoracic vertebra, 3 fresh-frozen cadavers were used in the Laboratory of Human Anatomy at the University of Nantes.

Results

The proposed approach allows exposure of both the posterior arch and the body of the second thoracic vertebra without any significant resection or traction of the superficial and deep posterior thoracic muscles, enabling application of the Tomita technique and facilitating intraoperative spinal fixation.

Conclusions

The proposed surgical technique is technically feasible. Nevertheless, it should be an option reserved for selected patients for whom the surgical complexity can be justified by the characteristics of their malignancy and expected curative outcome.
Surgical management of unknown primary tumors metastatic to the spine
Authors: Aizenberg Michele R. , Fox Benjamin D. , Suki Dima , McCutcheon Ian E. , Rao Ganesh , Rhines Laurence D.
Published: October 2011

Object

Patients presenting with spinal metastases from unknown primary tumors (UPTs) are rare. The authors reviewed their surgical experience to evaluate outcomes and identify predictors of survival in these patients.

Methods

This study is a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing surgery for metastatic spine disease from UPTs between June 1993 and February 2007 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Results

Fifty-one patients undergoing 52 surgical procedures were identified. The median age at spine surgery was 60 years. The median survival from time of diagnosis was 15.8 months (95% CI 8.1–23.6) and it was 8.1 months (95% CI 1.6–14.7) from time of spine surgery. Postoperative neurological function (Frankel score) was the same or improved in 94% of patients. At presentation, 77% had extraspinal disease, which was associated with poorer survival (6.4 vs 18.1 months; p = 0.041). Multiple sites (vs a single site) of spine disease did not impact survival (12.7 vs 8.7 months; p = 0.50). Patients with noncervical spinal disease survived longer than those with cervical disease (11.8 vs 6.4 months, respectively; p = 0.029). Complete versus incomplete resection at index surgery had no impact on survival duration (p > 0.5) or local recurrence (p = 1.0). Identification of a primary cancer was achieved in 31% of patients.

Conclusions

This is the first reported surgical series of patients with an unknown source of spinal metastases. The authors found that multiple sites of spinal disease did not influence survival; however, the presence of extraspinal disease had a negative impact. The extent of resection had no effect on survival duration or local recurrence. With an overall median survival of 8.1 months following surgery, aggressive evaluation and treatment of patients with metastatic disease of the spine from an unknown primary source is warranted.
Microbial Isolates from Patients and their Antibiogram at the Tertiary Care Burn Unit in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum H , Quamruzzaman M , Talukdar M
Published: October 2011

Infection and antibacterial resistance are important issue in severe burn. This prospective study was carried out in 112 patients who were enrolled from July 2007 to June 2008 in DMCH burn unit (only dedicated burn facility in Bangladesh with a mean annual admission of 869). The aim of this study were to investigate the profile of microorganism and resistance to antimicrobial agents; individuals who were admitted more than 5 days, with partial or full thickness burn developed clinical signs and symptoms of wound infection or pneumonia or septicaemia were included in this study. Nearly 50% of participants were aged 11-30 yrs, the most common type of burn was flame burn and females were the common victims. Bacterial isolates were found in 104 (92.85%) samples and eight (08) swabs were sterile (7.14%). Pseudomonas species was the commonest pathogens (46.42%) followed by Proteus species (21.41%) and Klebsiella species (19.6%). Multiple organisms were found in 38 samples(33.92%). Antibiogram results obtained from ten antimicrobial agents demonstrated that Imipenem was the most efective agent, followed by amikacin and ceftazidime (92.3%, 52.8% and 38.46% sensitive respectively). Hundred percent (100%) of Proteus species were sensitive to imipenem, then amikacin 58.33%; they were highly resistant to cephalosporins (nearly 100%) and ciprofloxacin (83.33%). The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to anti-pseudomonas agents were exceptionally high. Newer drugs were found to be effective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7949 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 62-66)
Comparative Study of Stone Pulverization and Clearance Rate between Patients Treated by ESWL Under Spinal Anesthesia in Comparison with ESWL Under Sedation and Analgesia
Authors: Hossain MA
Published: October 2011

This interventional (quasi) comparative clinical study was conducted on patients with renal stone to find out the stone pulverization and clearance rate in patients treated by ESWL under spinal anesthesia and treated by ESWL under sedation and analgesia. Selected patients were grouped as 'Group-A' for ESWL under spinal anesthesia & ‘Group-B’ for ESWL under sedation & analgesia. Immediate stone clearance was much higher in Group-A (96.7%) than that of Group-B (66.7%). Although both groups demonstrated 100% clearance after 3rd follow up. In this study different numbers of shock waves were given for stone pulverization as some stones were soft, hard or very hard. Under sedation and analgesia patients could not tolerate more shock waves and stayed long time on table in targeted position due to pain. But under spinal anesthesia more shock waves application was possible. This study outcome suggest that ESWL under spinal anesthesia is a better option than ESWL under sedation and analgesia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7950 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 67-71)
"Dredging Method" - A Conservative Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Ameloblastoma of Jaw
Authors: Sadat SMA , Ahmed M
Published: October 2011

Ameloblastoma is an aggressive benign odontogenic tumor of jaws with different clinical features and histologic patterns. The resection of mandible in growing young patient is associated with number of complications such as loss of jaw bone support, deformity, dysfunction and psychological distress even after reconstruction. An alternative conservative surgical procedure "Dredging Method" is a procedure which can eradicate the tumor as well as restore the normal contour and function of jaw. The procedure was followed in twenty four cases of histologically confirmed mandibular ameloblastoma in Bangladeshi patients, with recurrence of three cases in an average of two years follow up. The recurrent cases could be handled easily due to early detection in regular follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7951 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 72-77)
Metastatic Jaw Swelling as the Manifestation of Leiomyosarcoma of Uterus- A Case Report
Authors: Hassan MM , Ahmed M , Bhuiyan RA , Rahman MM , Mahmud ME
Published: October 2011

Metastatic tumor in oral region is uncommon and may occur in the oral soft tissues or in the Jaw bone. Because of their rarity, metastasis in oral cavity are challenging to diagnose and treat. Oral metastasis is associated with poor prognosis. This case report is of a 45 year old female with a small pedunculated swelling on the left side of the hard palate in the molar region for 30 days. Incisional biopsy revealed metastatic leiomyosarcoma with possible primaries in the uterus. Metastasis in the right lung and liver was also diagnosed. Palliative chemotherapy was started but the patient died after two weeks of diagnosis after receiving the first cycle of chemotherapy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7954 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 96-98)
Scar Endometriosis, An Uncommon Entity
Authors: Saha L
Published: October 2011

Scar endometriosis is an uncommon condition where there is presence of endometrial tissue in the abnormal sites. Generally this is a benign lesion although malignant transformation is possible. Commonest site is at the site of laparoscopy done for non gynaecologic indications. Extrapelvic sites are fairly uncommon, among which abdominal wall may also be affected. This case of scar endometriosis was diagnosed after 2 years of caesarean section. Patient presented with pain and swelling below the umbilicus. Pain had a distinct relationship with the menstrual cycle. Swelling appeared later and was slowly increasing in size. There was a high index of suspicion based on history and clinical findings. Wide excision was done and histopathogy reported the lesion as scar endometriosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7955 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 99-101)
Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts and Tuberculosis in a Child  A Case Report
Authors: Begum T , Afroza S , Ahmed F , Razzaque AKM , Kibria AA , Baki A , Islam R
Published: October 2011

A 7 years old male child presented with history of cough, fever, haemoptysis and chest pain for 2 years. On examination he was moderately pale and wasted. Respiratory system examination revealed features of consolidation in both lungs. His provisional diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis. TC was 1500/cumm ESR- 70mm in first hour, MT was negative and sputum for AFB was also negative. Radiological finding of chest revealed two large well defined dense opacities in both mid and lower zones of both lungs and there was no calcification or air fluid level. CT scan of chest showed large irregular enhancing mass lesion having air fluid level in right lower zone, well defined cystic lesions in both lungs, no calcification was seen. On the basis of xray and CT scan report we reviewed our diagnosis as pulmonary hydatid disease. Tablet albendazole was started preoperatively. The cyst was removed surgically and specimen was sent for histopathology. Report showed hydatid cyst and pulmonary tuberculosis. So confirmed diagnosis was Hydatid cyst and pulmonary tuberculosis.He was treated with antitubercular drugs and continuation of tablet Albendazole for 6 months. He was followed up regularly and was doing well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7956 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 102-105)
A Case of Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a HIV Positive Patient
Authors: Patwary I , Rahman M , Ahmed M , Ahmedm S , Choudhury MSR
Published: October 2011

A cultivator of 30 years of age presented with fever, cough, diarrhoea, anorexia and weight loss for 6 months and papulonodular skin lesions for one month. Skin lesions appeared on the face, first over the left cheek and gradually involved whole of his face, extremities and external genitalia sparing the trunk. Skin biopsy from the nodule showed collection of histiocytes, lymphocytes & plasma cells with plenty of LD bodies inside the histiocytes. Screening test for HIV was positive and it was confirmed with western blot. Probably this is the first case Leishmaniasis/ HIV co infection reported from Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7957 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 106-108)
From the Desk of Editor in Chief Vol.29(2) 2011
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: October 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7961 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 118)
Obituaries Vol.29(2) 2011
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7965 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 119)
Crystal Engineering: Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Coordination Polymers with Wavelike Properties
Authors: Steward Omar W. , Kaltenbach Miles V. , Biernesser Ashley B. , Taylor Matthew J. , Hovan Katie J. , VerPlank Jordan J. S. , Haamid Ameera , Karpov Irina , Munie Matasebia T.
Published: October 2011

Supramolecular coordination polymers with wavelike structures have been synthesized by self-assembly and their structures analyzed using the sine trigonometric function. Slow evaporation of a methylene chloride-methanol solution of a 1:1 molar mixture of [M(tmhd)2], where M = Co or Ni, and quinoxaline; a 1:2:1 molar mixture of [M(acac)2], where M = Co or Ni, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadione and quinoxaline; or a 1:2:1 molar mixture of [Co(acac)2], dibenzoylmethane, and quinoxaline, yielded the crystalline coordination polymers. In the presence of the nitrogenous base, ligand scrambling occurs yielding the most insoluble product. The synthesis and structures of the following wavelike polymers are reported: trans-[Co(DBM)2(qox)]n·nH2O (2), trans-[Co(tmhd)2(qox)]n (3), trans-[Ni(tmhd)2(qox)]n (4), where DBM− = dibenzoylmethanate, tmhd− = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadionate, and qox = quinoxaline. The wavelike structures are generated by intramolecular steric interactions and crystal packing forces between the chains. Some of the tert-butyl groups show a two-fold disorder. The sine function, φ = A sin 2πx/λ, where φ = distance (Ǻ) along the polymer backbone, λ = wavelength (Ǻ), A = amplitude (Ǻ), x = distance (Ǻ) along the polymer axis, provides a method to approximate and visualize the polymer structures.
Metal-Free Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Nanoparticles by Enamine “Click” Chemistry at Room Temperature
Authors: Buruaga Lorea , Pomposo José A.
Published: October 2011

“Click” chemistry has become an efficient avenue to unimolecular polymeric nanoparticles through the self-crosslinking of individual polymer chains containing appropriate functional groups. Herein we report the synthesis of ultra-small (7 nm in size) polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanoparticles (NPs) by the “metal-free” cross-linking of PMMA-precursor chains prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization containing b-ketoester functional groups. Intramolecular collapse was performed by the one-pot reaction of b-ketoester moieties with alkyl diamines in tetrahydrofurane at r.t. (i.e., by enamine formation). The collapsing process was followed by size exclusion chromatography and by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The size of the resulting PMMA-NPs was determined by dynamic light scattering. Enamine “click” chemistry increases the synthetic toolbox for the efficient synthesis of metal-free, ultra-small polymeric NPs.
Introduction to Special Issue on New Studies in EROI (Energy Return on Investment)
Authors: Hall Charles A.S.
Published: October 2011

Energy Return on Investment (EROI) refers to how much energy is returned from one unit of energy invested in an energy-producing activity. It is a critical parameter for understanding and ranking different fuels. There were a number of studies on EROI three decades ago but relatively little work since. Now there is a whole new interest in EROI as fuels get increasingly expensive and as we attempt to weigh alternative energies against traditional ones. This special volume brings together a whole series of high quality new studies on EROI, as well as many papers that struggle with the meaning of changing EROI and its impact on our economy. One overall conclusion is that the quality of fuels is at least as important in our assessment as is the quantity. I argue that many of the contemporary changes in our economy are related directly to changing EROI as our premium fuels are increasingly depleted.
Prolonged Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (Hsv-2) Dna in Cerebrospinal Fluid despite Antiviral Therapy in a Patient with Hsv-2-Associated Radiculitis
Authors: Ganzenmueller Tina , Karaguelle Deniz , Schmitt Corinna , Puppe Wolfram , Stachan-Kunstyr Rita , Bronzlik Paul , Sauerbrei Andreas , Wegner Florian , Heim Albert
Published: October 2011

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can cause radiculomyelitis as a neurological manifestation. We report a case of ongoing HSV-2 DNA positivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of at least eight weeks under antiviral therapy with acyclovir in a highly immunocompromised hemato-oncologic patient with HSV-2-associated radiculitis. Upon admission, the patient presented with pain, leg paresis, and urinary incontinence, as well as pleocytosis in the CSF. Quantitative real-time PCR of the CSF at day 3 after admission revealed HSV-2 with a concentration of 2.0x105 copies/ml and treatment with acyclovir intravenously and prednisolone by mouth was started. Clinical symptoms resolved almost completely after approximately 3 weeks of antiviral therapy. However, CSF samples of day 12, 19, 26, 33, 39, 48 and 54 after admission showed a slow decline of HSV-2 DNA concentrations. HSV-2 DNA was still detectable (1.6x104 copies/ml) at day 54 after admission. Genotypic resistance testing showed, as far as available, no mutations indicative for acyclovir resistance. Since an increasing specific antibody index for HSV was observed, we speculate that the prolonged detectability of HSV-2 DNA in the CSF might not necessarily indicate ongoing viral replication but neutralized virus. Other hypotheses and the consequences on treatment are discussed. To our knowledge this is the first report about the long-term viral load kinetics of HSV-2 in the CSF of a patient with radiculitis under antiviral therapy, highlighting the need for further studies on HSV DNA kinetics in the CSF and their significance for an appropriate antiviral treatment.
An Analysis of Process Characteristics for Developing Scientific Software
Authors: Kelly Diane
Published: October 2011

The development of scientific software is usually carried out by a scientist who has little professional training as a software developer. Concerns exist that such development produces low-quality products, leading to low-quality science. These concerns have led to recommendations and the imposition of software engineering development processes and standards on the scientists. This paper utilizes different frameworks to investigate and map characteristics of the scientific software development environment to the assumptions made in plan-driven software development methods and agile software development methods. This mapping exposes a mismatch between the needs and goals of scientific software development and the assumptions and goals of well-known software engineering development processes.
Research on the Gravity Dressing of Magnetite from a Magnetic Tailing
Authors: Qiu Jun , Lu Xian Jun , Li Lin , Fan Hai Bao
Published: October 2011

In order to reclaim magnetite from a magnetic tailing，on basis of the result of the analysis of the phases of ferrum in the magnetic tailing, this paper systematically studies the gravity dressing of magnetite from a magnetic tailing. The research result shows that by the technological process of the union of spiral chute – shaker dressing, the magnetic tailing does not need to be re-milled and can directly be dressed by spiral chute, the rough concentrate of the spiral chute is culled by shaker, the grade of the final concentrate of the shaker is 38.26%, the yield of concentrate is 3.95%, the recovery is 8.59%, gets a better economic dressing indexes