bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service-Dominant Logic
Authors: Lusch Robert F. , Vargo Stephen L. , Akaka Melissa Archpru
Published: May 2012

Organizations and people within organizations cling to traditions, industry practices, and managerial frameworks well beyond their usefulness. Perhaps this is just another way of stating the obvious that habits die slowly. One habit or tradition that is experiencing a slow death is the traditional marketing paradigm, referred to as the goods-dominant (G-D) logic paradigm. Essentially, traditional marketing practice is focused on the creation of units of output and their distribution to customers. Applying this framework, the firm attempts to study these exogenous customers and then uses its resources to shape a market offering, conceptualized as product, price, place, and promotion (what is known as the marketing mix or four Ps) in order to effectively position the offering for a targeted segment, thus capturing the customer to create a sale (economic exchange). Although this paradigm has been under assault for decades, it continues to survive and has changed only modestly over the last fifty years. Importantly, it is a paradigm (and practice) that continues to be presented in the leading marketing and marketing management textbooks used on college campuses and in executive education throughout the world.
Path to Success
Authors: Genis-Gruber Ahu , Aktas Ramazan
Published: May 2012

The current case examines the management strategies of a leading furniture company that started off as a small business and rapidly expanded globally. The success the company has achieved through its innovative marketing strategies and use of international management techniques is presented. The case highlights the company’s flexibility in adapting its organizational structures to the nature of the market in different countries, and its reliance on a cross-cultural management approach to marketing in order to increase product acceptance by consumers across the world.
Theoretical Approaches to the Marketing of Innovation in Biotechnology Firms
Authors: Bas Tomas Gabriel
Published: May 2012

The marketing of new products for new markets is uncertain and often leads to confusion. One of the many causes is the wrong use of marketing techniques for mature products whose life cycles are different, although they are very familiar. Biotechnology, with a strong component of technological knowledge and innovative cross-refers not to an industry, but rather a set of applications of intricate characteristics mainly due to genetic manipulation, which represents a particular challenge unlike other more mature or traditional product or technology. For this reason, through an innovation based marketing for new product, new customers and new markets are essential to maximize the success of this technology.
A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm based Fuzzy Approach for Abnormal Retinal Image Classification
Authors: Anitha J. , Vijila C. Kezi Selva , Hemanth D. Jude
Published: May 2012

Fuzzy approaches are one of the widely used artificial intelligence techniques in the field of ophthalmology. These techniques are used for classifying the abnormal retinal images into different categories that assist in treatment planning. The main characteristic feature that makes the fuzzy techniques highly popular is their accuracy. But, the accuracy of these fuzzy logic techniques depends on the expertise knowledge, which indirectly relies on the input samples. Insignificant input samples may reduce the accuracy that further reduces the efficiency of the fuzzy technique. In this work, the application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimizing the input samples is explored in the context of abnormal retinal image classification. Abnormal retinal images from four different classes are used in this work and a comprehensive feature set is extracted from these images as classification is performed with the fuzzy classifier and also with the GA optimized fuzzy classifier. Experimental results suggest highly accurate results for the GA based classifier than the conventional fuzzy classifier.
Incremental Knowledge Construction for Real-World Event Understanding
Authors: Kamei Koji , Yanagisawa Yutaka , Maekawa Takuya , Kishino Yasue , Sakurai Yasushi , Okadome Takeshi
Published: May 2012

The construction of real-world knowledge is required if we are to understand real-world events that occur in a networked sensor environment. Since it is difficult to select suitable ‘events’ for recognition in a sensor environment a priori, we propose an incremental model for constructing real-world knowledge. Labeling is the central plank of the proposed model because the model simultaneously improves both the ontology of real-world events and the implementation of a sensor system based on a manually labeled event corpus. A labeling tool is developed in accordance with the model and is evaluated in a practical labeling experiment.
Autonomic Computing for a Complex Problem of Experimental Physics
Authors: Wibig Tadeusz
Published: May 2012

Standard experimental data analysis is based mainly on conventional, deterministic inference. The complexity of modern physics problems has become so large that new ideas in the field are received with the highest of appreciation. In this paper, the author has analyzed the problem of contemporary high-energy physics concerning the estimation of some parameters of the observed complex phenomenon. This article confronts the Natural and Artificial Networks performance with the standard statistical method of the data analysis and minimization. The general concept of the relations between CI and standard (external) classical and modern informatics was realized and studied by utilizing of Natural Neural Networks (NNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and MINUIT minimization package from CERN. The idea of Autonomic Computing was followed by using brains of high school students involved in the Roland Maze Project. Some preliminary results of the comparison are given and discussed.
On Hierarchical Content-Based Image Retrieval by Dynamic Indexing and Guided Search
Authors: You Jane , Li Qin , Wang Jinghua
Published: May 2012

This paper presents a new approach to content-based image retrieval by using dynamic indexing and guided search in a hierarchical structure, and extending data mining and data warehousing techniques. The proposed algorithms include a wavelet-based scheme for multiple image feature extraction, the extension of a conventional data warehouse and an image database to an image data warehouse for dynamic image indexing. It also provides an image data schema for hierarchical image representation and dynamic image indexing, a statistically based feature selection scheme to achieve flexible similarity measures, and a feature component code to facilitate query processing and guide the search for the best matching. A series of case studies are reported, which include a wavelet-based image color hierarchy, classification of satellite images, tropical cyclone pattern recognition, and personal identification using multi-level palmprint and face features. Experimental results confirm that the new approach is feasible for content-based image retrieval.
Generalized Rough Logics with Rough Algebraic Semantics
Authors: Dai Jianhua
Published: May 2012

The collection of the rough set pairs  of an approximation (U, R) can be made into a Stone algebra by defining two binary operators and one unary operator on the pairs. By introducing a more unary operator, one can get a regular double Stone algebra to describe the rough set pairs of an approximation space. Sequent calculi corresponding to the rough algebras, including rough Stone algebras, Stone algebras, rough double Stone algebras, and regular double Stone algebras are proposed in this paper. The sequent calculi are called rough Stone logic (RSL), Stone logic (SL), rough double Stone logic (RDSL), and double Stone Logic (DSL). The languages, axioms and rules are presented. The soundness and completeness of the logics are proved.
Modeling a Secure Sensor Network Using an Extended Elementary Object System
Authors: Devarashetty Vineela , Tsai Jeffrey J.P. , Ma Lu , Zhang Du
Published: May 2012

A sensor network consists of a large number of sensor nodes, which are spread over a geographical area. Sensor networks have found their way into many applications, from military domains to traffic or environmental monitoring, and as sensor networks reach toward wide spread deployment, security becomes a major concern. In this regard, one needs to be sure about the confidentiality, authenticity and tamper-proof of data. The research thus far has focused on how to deploy sensor networks so that they can work efficiently; however, the focus of this paper is on sensor networks’ security issues. In this paper, the authors propose a formal model to design and analyze the secure sensor network system. The model is based on an augmented Petri net formalism called Extended Elementary Object System. This proposed secure sensor network model has a multi-layered structure consisting of sink node layer, sensor node layer and security mechanism layer. At the security mechanism layer, a synchronous firing mechanism is utilized as a security measure to detect malicious node attacks to sensor data and information flow. In addition, the model applies SNEP protocol for authentication and confidentiality of sensor data.
Intelligent Decision-Support Systems for e-Tourism
Authors: García-Crespo Ángel , Colomo-Palacios Ricardo , Gómez-Berbís Juan Miguel , Chamizo Javier , Rivera Ismael
Published: May 2012

The Internet has disrupted traditional tourism in which a promising landscape of intelligent service provision has erupted by applying a new lattice of cutting-edge technologies. Thus, the different actors of the tourist services are in a new environment and they should operate in a coordinated manner to increase the value of tourism, to keep current tourists and attract new ones. One of the major players of this technological disruption are Semantic Technologies, which have profited from the combined use of pervasive elements and recommender systems to bring added value to tourist actors. Based on previous works, this paper presents a new module that enables SPETA II to act as a recommender not only for tourists, but to destination management organizations and tourist service providers. Searches, decisions and preferences of tourists are used to “pull” tourist service providers and destination management organizations to create and adapt services based on new recommendations.
Towards an Assessment of Public Library Value
Authors: Paberza Kristine
Published: May 2012

This paper presents methodology, early findings, possible applications of results and lessons learnt from the research study “Public libraries: value, trust and satisfaction”. The study was conducted in Latvia as the part of the impact assessment plan within the public library development project “Third Father’s Son”. The project’s goal was to improve people’s quality of life by strengthening the capacities of public libraries to facilitate better and proactive use of resources offered by free access to information technology and the Internet. In this paper, the author introduces practical results from the measurement of use-oriented value of public libraries by using information from the ecology approach and identifying the role of the public library within a context of other information sources used by the public.
Strategic Implications of Information Technology for Resource and Capability Outsourcing Decisions
Authors: Drnevich Paul , Brush Thomas H. , Shanley Mark
Published: May 2012

Outsourcing generally involves non-strategic resources and/or non-asset specific capabilities. However, in this paper, the authors examine the non-traditional, but increasingly more common, use of IT to facilitate theoretically inconsistent outsourcing decisions involving core resources and capabilities. The authors reconcile theory with practice by developing propositions to explain how IT can enable such outsourcing decisions and how performance advantages may ensue. The authors develop a finer-grained perspective of the constructs of knowledge-based resources and capabilities. The paper concludes with a discussion arguing that such IT-enabled outsourcing decisions, if implemented correctly, can provide an organization with both capability advantages and cost benefits, resulting in higher performance.
Secure Key Generation for Static Visual Watermarking by Machine Learning in Intelligent Systems and Services
Authors: Naoe Kensuke , Sasaki Hideyasu , Takefuji Yoshiyasu
Published: May 2012

The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) demands supportive technologies and new requirements for mobile collaboration across multiple platforms. One of its representative solutions is intelligent information security of enterprise resources for collaboration systems and services. Digital watermarking became a key technology for protecting copyrights. In this article, the authors propose a method of key generation scheme for static visual digital watermarking by using machine learning technology, neural network as its exemplary approach for machine learning method. The proposed method is to provide intelligent mobile collaboration with secure data transactions using machine learning approaches, herein neural network approach as an exemplary technology. First, the proposed method of key generation is to extract certain type of bit patterns in the forms of visual features out of visual objects or data as training data set for machine learning of digital watermark. Second, the proposed method of watermark extraction is processed by presenting visual features of the target visual image into extraction key or herein is a classifier generated in advance by the training approach of machine learning technology. Third, the training approach is to generate the extraction key, which is conditioned to generate watermark signal patterns, only if proper visual features are presented to the classifier. In the proposed method, this classifier which is generated by the machine learning process is used as watermark extraction key. The proposed method is to contribute to secure visual information hiding without losing any detailed data of visual objects or any additional resources of hiding visual objects as molds to embed hidden visual objects. In the experiments, they have shown that our proposed method is robust to high pass filtering and JPEG compression. The proposed method is limited in its applications on the positions of the feature sub-blocks, especially on geometric attacks like shrinking or rotation of the image.
Modelling Self-Led Trust Value Management in Grid and Service Oriented Infrastructures
Authors: Brown Antony , Sant Paul , Bessis Nik , French Tim , Maple Carsten
Published: May 2012

Current developments in grid and service oriented technologies involve fluid and dynamic, ad hoc based interactions between delegates, which in turn, serves to challenge conventional centralised structured trust and security assurance approaches. Delegates ranging from individuals to large-scale VO (Virtual Organisations) require the establishment of trust across all parties as a prerequisite for trusted and meaningful e-collaboration. In this paper, a notable obstacle, namely how such delegates (modelled as nodes) operating within complex collaborative environment spaces can best evaluate in context to optimally and dynamically select the most trustworthy ad hoc based resource/service for e-consumption. A number of aggregated service case scenarios are herein employed in order to consider the manner in which virtual consumers and provider ad hoc based communities converge. In this paper, the authors take the view that the use of graph-theoretic modelling naturally leads to a self-led trust management decision based approach in which delegates are continuously informed of relevant up-to-date trust levels. This will lead to an increased confidence level, which trustful service delegation can occur. The key notion is of a self-led trust model that is suited to an inherently low latency, decentralised trust security paradigm.
Knowledge Capture in E-Services Development
Authors: Söderström Eva , Aggestam Lena , Holgersson Jesper
Published: May 2012

In this paper, the authors examine whether the union of Knowledge Management with e-services development would be successful in performing as a collaborative functioning unit. The focus of this research is examining the potential for using Knowledge Management as a means for improving research and practice in e-services development. The authors analyze a real-life case against the Knowledge Capture model and its associated knowledge loss. The results show that KM theory has definite potential to elevate e-services research and practice, for example, by adding analysis and decision points concerning what knowledge to use and how to collect it. This is particularly relevant when collecting requirements, information, and desires from potential users of an e-service at the start of a development project.
Non-Monotonic Modeling for Personalized Services Retrieval and Selection
Authors: Lau Raymond Y. K. , Zhang Wenping
Published: May 2012

With growing interest in Semantic Web services and emerging standards, such as OWL, WSMO, and SWSL in particular, the importance of applying logic-based models to develop core elements of the intelligent Semantic Web has been more closely examined. However, little research has been conducted in Semantic Web services on issues of non-mono-tonicity and uncertainty of Web services retrieval and selection. In this paper, the authors propose a non-monotonic modeling and uncertainty reasoning framework to address problems related to adaptive and personalized services retrieval and selection in the context of micro-payment processing of electronic commerce. As intelligent payment service agents are faced with uncertain and incomplete service information available on the Internet, non-monotonic modeling and reasoning provides a robust and powerful framework to enable agents to make service-related decisions quickly and effectively with reference to an electronic payment processing cycle.
Adaptable Services for Novelty Mining
Authors: Tsai Flora S. , Kwee Agus T. , Tang Wenyin H. S. , Chan Kap L.
Published: May 2012

Novelty mining is the process of mining relevant information on a given topic. However, designing adaptable services for real-world novelty mining faces several challenges like real-time processing of incoming documents, computational efficiency, multi-user working environment, diverse system requirements, and integration of domain knowledge from different users. In this paper, the authors bridge the gap between generic data mining methodologies and domain-specific constraints by providing adaptable services for intelligent novelty mining that model user preferences by synthesizing the parameters of novelty scoring, threshold setting, performance monitoring, and contextual information access. The resulting novelty mining system has been tested in a variety of performance situations and user settings. By considering the special issues based on domain knowledge, the authors’ adaptable novelty mining services can be used to support a real-life enterprise.
A Cooperative Cell Model in Computational Mobile Grid
Authors: Kaushik Achal , Vidyarthi Deo P.
Published: May 2012

Computation in the mobile grid nodes under the cellular network environment requires an efficient management of wireless channels along with the user mobility. Due to random movement of the mobile devices, the load over the cells in terms of initiation of new computation or carryover computation (handoff) may vary dynamically. This may result in non-availability of free channels for Inter-task communication leading in the drop of carryover computation or to initiate the new computation in the current cell. The proposed work designs a model by instigating substantive cooperation among underutilized and the overloaded cells, considering importance to the frequency reuse and assigning priority to the on-going computation in the computational mobile grid. The model seeks cooperation by grouping the cells in different sizes to reduce the blocking and dropping of the computation. Blocking of the communication is very serious in computational mobile grid environment as the drop may result in the termination of the computation. The model aims at minimizing the Call Block Probability (CBP) and Call Drop Probability (CDP) in the mobile grid by making the clusters of different sizes. A simulation experiment to evaluate the performance of the proposed model reveals the effectiveness of this model.
Integrin CD11b Negatively Regulates TLR9-Triggered Dendritic Cell Cross-Priming by Upregulating microRNA-146a
Authors: Bai Yi , Qian Cheng , Qian Li , Ma Feng , Hou Jin , Chen Yongjian , Wang Qingqing , Cao Xuetao
Published: May 2012

Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in cross-priming to induce the CTL response against infection; however, the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of DC cross-priming need to be investigated further, which may help to improve the potency of DC vaccines through engineering modifications. Our previous studies showed that β2 integrin CD11b could control TLR-triggered NK cell cytotoxicity and macrophage inflammatory responses. CD11b is also abundantly expressed in DCs, but it is unknown whether CD11b participates in the regulation of DC cross-priming for the CTL response. Also, because microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of the immune response, it remains unclear whether miRNAs are regulated by CD11b in DCs. In this study, we showed that CD11b deficiency upregulated TLR9-triggered, but not TLR4-triggered, IL-12p70 production in DCs, subsequently promoting DC cross-priming of the CTL response. Further experiments showed that CD11b selectively promoted TLR9-triggered miR-146a upregulation in DCs by sustaining late-phase NF-κB activation. Additionally, Notch1, a known positive regulator of IL-12p70 production in DCs, was confirmed to be directly targeted by miR-146a. miR-146a upregulation and Notch1 repression were determined to be responsible for the reduced IL-12p70 production in TLR9-triggered wild-type DCs compared with that in CD11b-deficient DCs. Therefore, CD11b and downstream miR-146a may be new negative regulators for DC cross-priming by suppressing Notch1 expression and IL-12p70 production. Our data indicate a new mechanism for the regulation of DC cross-priming through integrins and miRNAs.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Integrates Diverse Inputs To Guide the Outcome of Antigen Recognition in T Cells
Authors: Waickman Adam T. , Powell Jonathan D.
Published: May 2012

T cells must integrate a diverse array of intrinsic and extrinsic signals upon Ag recognition. Although these signals have canonically been categorized into three distinct events—Signal 1 (TCR engagement), Signal 2 (costimulation or inhibition), and Signal 3 (cytokine exposure)—it is now appreciated that many other environmental cues also dictate the outcome of T cell activation. These include nutrient availability, the presence of growth factors and stress signals, as well as chemokine exposure. Although all of these distinct inputs initiate unique signaling cascades, they also modulate the activity of the evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Indeed, mTOR serves to integrate these diverse environmental inputs, ultimately transmitting a signaling program that determines the fate of newly activated T cells. In this review, we highlight how diverse signals from the immune microenvironment can guide the outcome of TCR activation through the activation of the mTOR pathway.
Translational Applications of Flow Cytometry in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jaye David L. , Bray Robert A. , Gebel Howard M. , Harris Wayne A. C. , Waller Edmund K.
Published: May 2012

Flow cytometry has evolved over the past 30 y from a niche laboratory technique to a routine tool used by clinical pathologists and immunologists for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cancer and immune deficiencies. Identification of novel patterns of expressed Ags has led to the recognition of cancers with unique pathophysiologies and treatment strategies. FACS had permitted the isolation of tumor-free populations of hematopoietic stem cells for cancer patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. Adaptation of flow cytometry to the analysis of multiplex arrays of fluorescent beads that selectively capture proteins and specific DNA sequences has produced highly sensitive and rapid methods for high through-put analysis of cytokines, Abs, and HLA genotypes. Automated data analysis has contributed to the development of a “cytomics” field that integrates cellular physiology, genomics, and proteomics. In this article, we review the impact of the flow cytometer in these areas of medical practice.
To Spend or Not To Spend? An Empirical Analysis of the Fundamental Role of State Governments in Economic Output
Authors: Holt Stephen , McCreary Matt , Haslebacher Lindsay
Published: May 2012

Amidst an economic recession and a long period of high rates of unemployment, the appropriate role of government expenditures in creating economic growth has become a major feature in current political discourse at both the federal and state level. This article uses an endogenous growth model to examine the fundamental relationship of state-level government spending and per capita GDP. Specifically, the analysis uses state-level data covering a six-year period controlling for state workforce characteristics, distribution of industrial activities, and tax revenue sources to develop a working model of state economies. The analysis found that state government spending had a positive, statistically significant effect on per capita GDP. The marginal return in per capita GDP for an additional dollar per capita of public expenditure was found to be between $1.89 and $2.39. In addition, indicator variables for political party in power were added to examine correlations between political party control and economic outcomes. The political party in power had no significant effect on GDP. The positive, statistically significant correlation between GDP and public expenditures alongside political variables with no significant effect on GDP indicates specific policies implemented by state governments may have more explanatory power of economic output than political party control.
The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You
Authors: Allen Julie
Published: May 2012

No abstract available.
The Agile City: Building Well-Being and Wealth in an Era of Climate Change
Authors: Herndon Thomas
Published: May 2012

No abstract available.
Psychological experiences in South African society before the 2010 FIFA World Cup from the systems psychodynamic and positive psychology perspectives
Authors: Koortzen Pieter , Oosthuizen Rudolf M.
Published: May 2012

Orientation: The researchers conducted a literature review to analyse the assumptions of systems psychodynamics, the Tavistock model of group relations, object relations theory and the most relevant constructs in the systems psychodynamic perspective. They then described the assumptions and most relevant constructs in the positive psychology perspective in order to analyse theoretically the psychological effect of large-scale sports events on a community or country. The objective of the empirical study was to investigate some of the unconscious emotions, fears, anxieties and conflicts (dynamics) that prevailed in South Africa before the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup and some of the positive emotional experiences associated with it.Research purpose: The objective of this study was to analyse and describe the psychological experiences of South Africans before the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Research design, approach and method: The researchers conducted the study from the systems psychodynamic and positive psychology perspectives. The study comprised a qualitative, explorative and social phenomenological study. The researchers conducted interviews with a wide range of their colleagues and clients.Main findings: The results seemed to indicate that South Africans had had a number of positive and negative experiences before the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Practical/managerial implications: The researchers presented the findings as a number of systems psychodynamic and positive psychology themes.Contribution/value-add: This study presents original research that contributes valuable new knowledge to the positive psychology and systems psychodynamic perspectives.
Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Solutions on Streptococcus mutans in used Toothbrushes
Authors: Bhat Padma K , Sarkar Soumik , Chengappa Sandhya , Bhaskar Nithin N
Published: May 2012

Purpose

The objective was to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial solutions onStreptococcus mutansin used tooth brushes.

Methods

Sixty children used their toothbrushes twice a day, for seven consecutive days. The toothbrush bristles were then immersed into antimicrobial solutions for 12 hours: Group I-3% neem; group II-5% turmeric; group III-0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride, group IV-0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. They were then placed into test tubes containing the resultant suspensions were three-fold diluted. Aliquots of 0.1 ml were plated in Mitis Salivarius Agar (enriched with sucrose) using dilution and plating method. Incubation was done in an anaerobic jar for 72 hours at 37°C.

Results

The results obtained showed that there was 88% reduction in theStreptococcus mutansin the 3% neem group, 86% reduction in the Streptococcus mutans in the 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride group,78% reduction in theStreptococcus mutansin the 5% turmeric group, 65% reduction in theStreptococcus mutansin the 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate group. The difference between them was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes was a major cause of concern. All the antimicrobial solutions used in this study proved to be effective toothbrush decontaminants. The efficacy of 3% neem was highest in our study followed by 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride, 5% turmeric and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate.

How to cite this article

Bhat PK, Badiyani BK, Sarkar S, Chengappa S, Bhaskar NN. Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Solutions onStreptococcus mutansin used Toothbrushes. World J Dent 2012;3(1):6-10.
Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers on Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study
Authors: Kaiwar Anjali , Nadig Gururaj , Hegde Jayashree , Lekha S
Published: May 2012

Microorganisms invading the root canal system of a tooth may interact with the host tissue and cause pulpo-periapical pathosis. The goals of root canal treatment are to disinfect the root canal system and to prevent subsequent reinfection. The disinfection is attempted with endodontic instruments, irrigants, and medications. Due to the complex canal anatomy, microorganisms can persist even after thorough disinfection regimens are used. After disinfection, the canal is sealed with a root filling material along with sealers. To curtail residual microorganisms, root-filling materials should ideally be bactericidal, as well as biocompatible. In addition, the root filling materials are expected to act as a physical barrier to prevent the leakage of substrate to any residual microorganisms and the ingress of additional microorganisms.

The aim of the present study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of various Endodontic sealers on theEnterococcus faecalis.Enterococcus faecalisis a microorganism commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections. In the changing face of dental care, continued research on E. faecalis and its elimination from the dental apparatus may well define the future of the endodontic specialty.

How to cite this article

Kaiwar A, Nadig G, Hegde J, Lekha S. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Sealers onEnterococcus faecalis:Anin vitroStudy. World J Dent 2012;3(1):26-31.
Evaluation between Betel Quid and Pan Masala/Gutkha Habitual Chewers with OSMF
Authors: Jayanthi K , Supadminidevi G , Shah Bina
Published: May 2012

Introduction

The increasing use of pan masala/gutkha, a mix of tobacco and a less moist form of betel quid lacking the betel leaf, is associated with an earlier age of onset of oral submucous fibrosis. Hence, current study was conducted to evaluate and compare clinical, histopathological and cytological features of OSMF due to betel quid (BQ) and pan masala/gutkha chewing (PMG).

Materials and methods

Patients who had habit of chewing BQ or PMG and who were suffering from OSMF were selected for the study. Buccal mucosal smears were obtained from 30 controls, BQ and PMG chewers. Incisional biopsy was done on buccal mucosa of BQ and PMG chewers. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed.

Results and observation

PMG chewing is associated with onset of OSMF at an early age than BQ chewing habit. Relatively large proportion of intermediate cells was present as compared to superficial cells of buccal mucosa in habitual chewers as compared to control. However, intermediate cells capable of proliferation were slightly higher in PMG chewers as compared to BQ chewers. On histopathological examination connective tissue hyalinization is more frequently evident amongst BQ chewers than PMG chewers.

Conclusion

Habitual chewing of PMG induces OSMF more rapidly than the traditional BQ.

How to cite this article

Supadminidevi G, Jayanthi K, Shah B Kamala R. Evaluation between Betel Quid and Pan Masala/ Gutkha Habitual Chewers with OSMF. World J Dent 2012;3(1):37-40.
Simple Technique for Duplicating the Palatal Rugae in the Maxillary Complete Denture
Authors: Ankola Anil , Manvi Supriya
Published: May 2012

Palatal rugae contours have a very important role in phonetics. The production of palatolingual group of sound involves the contact between tongue and the palate. For the newly denture wearer the palatal contours easily adapt the tongue to the rugae and in turn shortens or eliminates the adjustment for the phonation. This article describes a simple technique for duplicating the individual palatal rugae patterns in the denture to enhance the speech.

How to cite this article

Manvi S, Ankola A. Simple Technique for Duplicating the Palatal Rugae in the Maxillary Complete Denture. World J Dent 2012;3(1):95-96.
Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor of the Maxilla: Report of a Rare Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Nagaraja A , Anigol Praveen S , Kamath Venkatesh Vishwanath , Setlur Krishnanand P
Published: May 2012

The odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has recently been reclassified by the WHO (2005), as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) based on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. KCOT more commonly occurs in the mandible and cases involving the maxilla are infrequent. We report an unusual and rare case of a KCOT of the maxilla in a middle-aged individual with extensive involvement and displacement of the maxillary third molar to the zygomatic region. A discussion of the parameters involved in the reclassification of the lesion as a tumor is presented alongwith a review of literature.

How to cite this article

Nagraja A, Anigol PS, Kamath VV, Setlur KP. Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor of the Maxilla: Report of a Rare Case and Review of Literature. World J Dent 2012;3(1):100-108.
Impression Tray Positioning Device in Research Methodology
Authors: Mishra Sunil , Chowdhary Ramesh
Published: May 2012

Purpose

In spite of best available impression materials and advanced techniques, we still come across imperfect fit of a dental prosthesis. Selection of impression material is based on the results from the research carried out, hence the accuracy of this research needs to be at the topmost priority, hence a proper research model and methodology has to be followed. The purpose of this paper was to highlight on technique and the device made to meet these requirements.

Method

An in vitro study was done to evaluate the linear dimensional accuracy of commercially available polyvinyl siloxanes of varying viscosities using different impression techniques. A standardized experimental procedure is required to provide identical direction of insertion and removal of the trays that contained the impression material. An impression tray positioning device has been designed and machined in an attempt to meet these requirements.

Conclusion

It was found that putty-wash 2-step techniques with controlled bulk in stock tray found to be as accurate as multiple-mix technique, utilizing heavy viscosity and low viscosity combination in a custom tray and single-mix technique, utilizing medium viscosity in a custom tray.
Air Abrasion: Truly Minimally Invasive Technique
Authors: Farooq Imran , Imran Zonera , Farooq Umer
Published: May 2012

Minimally invasive dentistry concept is now an essential part of dental procedures. Many novel materials and techniques have now been developed that are in line with the MI (minimal intervention) philosophy. One such technique is air abrasion. An attempt has been made in this article to cover all the aspects of air abrasion and to remove the misconceptions present about this technique.
Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of an Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris Patient
Authors: Ates Ufuk , Yuzugullu Bulem
Published: May 2012

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous disease with high mortality if untreated. Dental management is complicated due to involvement of oral mucosa, increased risk of oral disease and difficulty in rendering dental care. A male patient with exacerbated characteristics was rehabilitated with full mouth restorations following systemic treatment of pemphigus vulgaris. Owing to the nature of the disease and discomfort in providing adequate oral hygiene measures, dietary intake and masticatory function, it is imperative to rehabilitate the patient with well-designed prosthesis. Although these diseases are relatively uncommon, clinicians must be sufficiently familiar with clinical manifestations to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
Black to Pink: Clinical Evaluation of Two Different Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Bhatsange Anuradha Gurappa , Japati S
Published: May 2012

Background

Gingival hyperpigmentation poses an esthetic concern to many patients. Techniques available to perform these procedures are mucosal stripping by scalpel, bur abrasion, partial thickness flap, gingivectomy, free gingival grafts, by use of chemotherapeutic agents, electrosurgery, cryosurgery and lasers. This paper compares two different surgical approaches for the treatment of hyperpigmentation with their advantages and disadvantages.

Methods

Gingival depigmentation procedure of the maxillary gingiva was carried out by scalpel technique and mandibular gingiva by electrosurgical method.

Results

Both the techniques yielded satisfactory results in eliminating the hyperpigmented areas. Follow-up was done after 1, 2 and 4 weeks and 1 year. At the end of 1 week, patient expressed slight tenderness and discomfort with the mandibular gingiva treated with electrosurgical method. Repigmentation appeared after 1 year on both arches but with less pigmentation on maxillary gingiva compared with mandibular gingiva.

Conclusion

Scalpel technique offers advantage of being easy, effective, less discomfort with esthetically acceptable results in comparison with electrosurgical method.
ATTITUDES OF ILLINOIS AGRISCIENCE STUDENTS AND THEIR PARENTS TOWARD AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Authors: Osborne Edward W. , Dyer James E.
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this study was to describe the attitudes of Illinois secondary agriscience students and their parents toward the agricultural industry and educational programs in agriculture. Students were sampled based upon enrollment in science applications in agriculture courses. A corresponding number of parents was also selected (one parent per student). Results indicated that approximately 90% of both students and parents perceived the science applications in agriculture courses to be of ‘Excellent” or “Good” quality. Both students and parents reported positive attitudes toward agriculture as a career field and toward agricultural technologies. Each expressed views classified as “uncertain " toward educational programs in agriculture, although each rated high school agriculture and science programs as high in quality. Students enrolled in BSAA/PSAA courses (and their parents) expressed more positive attitudes toward each of the constructs than did students and parents from the general population. Likewise, students ' attitudes toward agriculture as a career field agricultural technologies, and educational programs in agriculture were more positive if they rated the quality of the science applications in agriculture courses high. Whereas students expressed positive attitudes toward careers in agriculture, parents were reluctant to recommend those careers
THE INFLUENCE OF STUDENT LEARNING STYLE ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILL
Authors: Myers Brian E. , Dyer James E.
Published: May 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of student learning style on critical thinking skill. The target population for this ex post facto study was 135 students enrolled in a college of agriculture and life sciences leadership development course at the University of Florida. Results showed that no critical thinking skill differences existed between male and female students in this study. Students with deeply embedded Abstract Sequential learning style preferences exhibited significantly higher critical thinking skill scores. No differences in critical thinking ability existed between students of other learning styles. These findings have implications for faculty with teaching appointments in colleges of agriculture. If Abstract Sequential learners are inherently adept at thinking critically, teachers may not need to focus as intently on teaching strategies that address this learning style. By contrast, however, Concrete Sequential, Abstract Random, and Concrete Random learners may need additional attention through instructional methods and techniques that enhance the critical thinking skills of these learners.
Seasonal variation in vertical volatile compounds air concentrations within a remote hemiboreal mixed forest
Authors: Noe S. M. , Hüve K. , Niinemets Ü. , Copolovici L.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. The vertical distribution of ambient biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) concentrations within a hemiboreal forest canopy was investigated over a period of one year. Variability in temporal and spatial isoprene concentrations, ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 μg m−3, can be mainly explained by biogenic emissions from deciduous trees. Monoterpene concentrations exceeded isoprene largely and ranged from 0.01 to 140 μg m−3 and during winter time anthropogenic contributions are likely. Variation in monoterpene concentrations were found to be largest right above the ground and the vertical profiles suggest a weak mixing leading to terpene accumulation in the lower canopy. Exceptionally high values were recorded during a heat wave in July 2010 with very high midday temperatures above 30 °C for several weeks. During summer months, monoterpene exceeded isoprene concentrations 6-fold and during winter 12-fold. During summer months, dominance of α-pinene in the lower and of limonene in the upper part of the canopy was observed, both accounting for up to 70% of the total monoterpene concentration. During wintertime, Δ3-carene was the dominant species, accounting for 60% of total monoterpene concentration in January. Possible biogenic monoterpene sources beside the foliage are the leaf litter, the soil and also resins exuding from stems. In comparison, the hemiboreal mixed forest canopy showed similar isoprene but higher monoterpene concentrations than the boreal forest and lower isoprene but substantially higher monoterpene concentrations than the temperate mixed forest canopies. These results have major implications for simulating air chemistry and secondary organic aerosol formation within and above hemiboreal forest canopies. Possible effects of in-cartridge oxidation reactions are discussed as our measurement technique did not include oxidant scavenging. A comparison between measurements with and without scavenging oxidants is presented.
Characterization of coarse particulate matter in the western United States: a comparison between observation and modeling
Authors: Li R. , Wiedinmyer C. , Baker K. R. , Hannigan M. P.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. We provide a regional characterization of coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) spanning the western United States based on the analysis of measurements from 50 sites reporting in the US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) and two state agencies. We found that the observed PM10–2.5 concentrations show significant spatial variability and distinct spatial patterns, associated with the distributions of land use/land cover and soil moisture. The highest concentrations were observed in the southwestern US, where sparse vegetation, shrublands or barren lands dominate with lower soil moistures, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed in areas dominated by grasslands, forest, or croplands with higher surface soil moistures. The observed PM10–2.5 concentrations also show variable seasonal, weekly, and diurnal patterns, indicating a variety of sources and their relative importance at different locations. To obtain insights for regional PM10–2.5 modeling, the observed results were also compared to modeled PM10–2.5 concentrations from an annual simulation using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) that has been designed for regulatory or policy assessments of a variety of pollutants including PM10, which consists of PM10–2.5 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The model under-predicts PM10–2.5 observations at 49 of 50 sites, among which 14 sites have annual observation means that are at least five times greater than model means. Model results also fail to reproduce their spatial patterns. Important sources were not included in the emission inventory used and/or the applied emissions were greatly under-estimated. Unlike observations, the modeled concentrations show similar seasonal, weekly, and diurnal pattern across the entire domain. CMAQ does not include organics in PM10–2.5, which recent measurements show to be a significant component. The results of the analysis improve our understanding of sources and behavior of PM10–2.5 and suggest avenues for future improvements to models that simulate PM10–2.5 emissions, transport and fate.
Observations of magnetic flux ropes during magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Borg A. L. , Taylor M. G. G. T. , Eastwood J. P.
Published: May 2012

Abstract. We present an investigation of magnetic flux ropes observed by the four Cluster spacecraft during periods of magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail. Using a list of 21 Cluster encounters with the reconnection process in the period 2001–2006 identified in Borg et al. (2012), we present the distribution and characteristics of the flux ropes. We find 27 flux ropes embedded in the reconnection outflows of only 11 of the 21 reconnection encounters. Reconnection processes associated with no flux rope observations were not distinguishable from those where flux ropes were observed. Only 7 of the 27 flux ropes show evidence of enhanced energetic electron flux above 50 keV, and there was no clear signature of the flux rope in the thermal particle measurements. We found no clear correlation between the flux rope core field and the prevailing IMF By direction.