bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Step Deformation Processing of Ultrathin Lithium Foil and Strip
Authors: Mohanty Debapriya P. , Mann James B. , Payathuparambil Vijayakumar Niranjan , Baruah Sweta , Román‐Kustas Jessica K. , Kustas Andrew B. , Sugihara Tatsuya , Trumble Kevin P. , Chandrasekar Srinivasan
Published: January 2024

Next‐generation, high‐efficiency energy storage and conversion systems require development of lithium metal batteries. But the high cost of production and constraints on thickness of lithium (anode) foils continue to limit adoption for integration into battery cell architectures. Here, a novel lithium anode manufacturing solution is demonstrated – single‐step production of ultrathin gauge foil formats directly from solid ingot. Hybrid cutting‐based deformation processes, involving large plastic strains and strain rates, produce foil to sub‐10 µm thickness, with surface quality even superior to present Li anode processing routes. Energy analysis shows the single‐stage processing is ≈50% more efficient than conventional processing by extrusion‐rolling. Through in situ force measurements and high‐speed imaging of the cutting it also characterize – for the first time – the flow stress of Li to strain rates of 800 sec−1, revealing a power‐law relationship. The results present a paradigm shift in manufacturing and integration of solid lithium anodes for energy applications.
Bright and Switchable Whiteness in Macro‐Crosslinked Hydrogels
Authors: Eklund Amanda , Hu Shanming , Fang Yuhuang , Savolainen Henri , Pi Haotian , Zeng Hao , Priimagi Arri , Ikkala Olli , Zhang Hang
Published: January 2024

Bright white color is often achieved in nature by the combination of polydisperse scattering structures and high refractive index contrast between the scatterer and the surrounding medium. Similarly, synthetic systems have commonly utilized inorganic materials as the scattering centers to achieve white color, which, however, lacks the ability to switch the optical properties. While hydrogels capable of scattering light are utilized in applications such as smart windows, their reflection properties have remained limited due to the low refractive index contrast between the polymer and water. As a result, thick layers in the millimeter range are often required to achieve reasonable whiteness. Here a hydrogel consisting of a temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) and chemically modified agarose used as a chemical macro‐crosslinker is presented. The hydrogel exhibits high whiteness at temperatures above the phase transition (≈31 °C). The reflectance at 800 nm is four times as high as for standard PNIPAm, and a change in transmittance can be induced by laser pulses as short as 30 ms. The macro‐crosslinked structure of this hydrogel provides superior reflectance at a lower thickness compared to reported hydrogel systems, enabling a variety of potential applications including smart windows, responsive displays, optical switches, and camouflage.
AIE‐Switching and Enantioselective Reactivity at Jammed Liquid‐Liquid Interface
Authors: Agashe Chinmayee , Roy Rupam , Koner Apurba Lal , Patra Debabrata
Published: January 2024

The jammed liquid‐liquid interface offers an elegant approach to achieve non‐equilibrium shapes of liquids. The interfacial jamming subsequently brings about formation of 2D “solid‐like” assembly. In this work, biphasic reaction between a perylenediimide based luminogen benzoperylenediimide monoanhydride (Bp(Im)2MA) and diamines are demonstrated that rendered amide bond formation and in turn amide nanoconjugates across the oil‐water interface. Amide nanoconjugates formed with different diamines showed diamine alkyl chain length dependent varied interfacial properties and sizes. Jamming of the interface is judiciously utilized to induce aggregation of amide nanoconjugates which successfully established macroscopic Aggregation Induced Emission‐switching (AIE‐switching) behavior. Further, the versatility of this approach is extended to analyze the reactivity of chiral amino acids. The reaction between the Bp(Im)2MA luminogen and chiral amino acids exhibits macroscopic enantioselectivity at jammed interface via diverse surface coverage of the amino acids‐based amide nanoconjugates. The formation of discrete nanoscopic amide interfacial assembly for each of the L‐ and D‐ amino acids isomers is corroborated with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images. This study extends a fascinating pathway to aid in understanding and fabrication of structurally diverse jammed interfaces and aggregation of organic molecules across an oil‐water interface.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Vinyl Triflates and 1,4‐Dicyanobenzene to Access Alkenyl Nitriles
Authors: Wang Le‐Le , Li Zhong‐Xian , Zhu Jun
Published: January 2024

We report a vinyl cyanation reaction of vinyl triflates and readily available 1,4‐dicyanobenzene through a nickel‐catalyzed reductive coupling process. The reaction is operated under mild conditions with remarkable functional‐group compatibility. Cyclic vinyl triflates with various ring sizes and substituents at different positions all reacted smoothly. The synthetic utility is demonstrated by the derivatization of pharmaceutical and natural compounds, a scale‐up synthesis, and various functional group transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that vinyl triflates are more reactive than 1,4‐dicyanobenzene towards the oxidative addition to nickel catalyst.
Expanding the Frontier of Linear Drug Design: Cu‐Catalyzed Csp–Csp3‐Coupling of Electron‐Deficient SF4‐Alkynes with Alkyl Iodides
Authors: Narra Srikanth Reddy , Bacho Muhamad Zulfaqar , Hattori Masashi , Shibata Norio
Published: January 2024

Despite the attractive properties of tetrafluorosulfanyl (SF4) compounds in drug discovery, medicinal research on SF4 molecules is hindered by the scarcity of suitable synthetic methodologies. Drawing inspiration from the well‐established Sonogashira cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes under Pd‐catalysis, it is envisioned that SF4‐alkynes can serve as effective coupling partners. To overcome the challenges associated with the electron‐deficient nature of SF4‐alkynes and the lability of the SF4 unit under transition‐metal catalysis, an aryl radical mediated Csp–Csp3 cross‐coupling reaction is successfully developed under Cu catalysis. This methodology facilitates the coupling of SF4‐alkynes with alkyl iodides, leading to the immediate synthesis of SF4‐attached drug‐like molecules. These findings highlight the potential impact of SF4‐containing molecules in the drug industry, paving the way for further research in this emerging field.
Effective Long Afterglow Amplification Induced by Surface Coordination Interaction
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Li Qiankun , Qu Lunjun , Huang Jiayue , Zhu Ying , Li Chen , Chen Qingao , Zheng Yan , Yang Chaolong
Published: January 2024

Long‐persistent luminescent (LPL) materials have attracted considerable research interest due to their extensive applications and outstanding afterglow performance. However, the performance of red LPL materials lags behind that of green and blue materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel red LPL materials. This study introduces a straightforward and viable strategy for organic–inorganic hybrids, wherein the organic ligand 1,3,6,8‐Tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)pyrene (TCPP) is coordinated to the surface of a red persistent phosphor Sr0.75Ca0.25S:Eu2+ (R) through a one‐step method. TCPP serves as an antenna, facilitating the transfer of absorbed light energy to R via triplet energy transfer (TET). Notably, the initial afterglow intensity and luminance of R increase by twofold and onefold, respectively, and the afterglow duration extends from 9 to 17 min. Furthermore, this study involves the preparation of a highly flexible film by mixing R@TCPP with high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) to create a sound‐controlled afterglow lamp. This innovative approach holds promising application prospects in flexible large‐area luminescence, flexible wearables, and low‐vision lighting.
Antibody‐Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticle Therapy for Inhibiting T‐Cell Mediated Inflammation
Authors: Hasan Mahbub , Choi Jong‐Gu , Akter Hafeza , Kang Hasung , Ahn Meejung , Lee Sang‐Suk
Published: January 2024

Tolerance induction is critical for mitigating T cell‐mediated inflammation. Treatments based on anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a pivotal role in inducing such tolerance. Anti‐CD3 mAb conjugated with dextran‐coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) may induce inflammatory tolerance is posited. MNPs conjugated with anti‐CD3 mAb (Ab‐MNPs) are characterized using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and their distribution is assessed using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer. Compared to MNPs, 90% of Ab‐MNPs increased in size from 54.7 ± 0.5 to 71.7 ± 2.7 nm. The in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the therapeutic material as nontoxic and biocompatible. Mice are administered various dosages of Ab‐MNPs before receiving concanavalin‐A (ConA), an inflammation inducer. Preadministration of Ab‐MNPs, as opposed to MNPs or anti‐CD3 mAb alone, significantly reduced the serum levels of interferon‐γ and interleukin‐6 in ConA‐treated mice. Additionally, the transdermal stamp patch as an effective delivery system for Ab‐MNPs is validated. This study demonstrates the utility of the Ab‐MNP complex in pathologies associated with T cell‐mediated hyperinflammation, such as organ transplantation and COVID‐19.
Enhanced Photocharacteristics by Fermi Level Modulating in Sb2Te3/Bi2Se3 Topological Insulator p–n Junction
Authors: Hong Seok‐Bo , Kim Dajung , Kim Jonghoon , Park Jaehan , Rho Seungwon , Huh Jaeseok , Lee Youngmin , Jeong Kwangsik , Cho Mann‐Ho
Published: January 2024

Topological insulators have recently received attention in optoelectronic devices because of their high mobility and broadband absorption resulting from their topological surface states. In particular, theoretical and experimental studies have emerged that can improve the spin generation efficiency in a topological insulator‐based p–n junction structure called a TPNJ, drawing attention in optospintronics. Recently, research on implementing the TPNJ structure is conducted; however, studies on the device characteristics of the TPNJ structure are still insufficient. In this study, the TPNJ structure is effectively implemented without intermixing by controlling the annealing temperature, and the photocharacteristics appearing in the TPNJ structure are investigated using a cross‐pattern that can compare the characteristics in a single device. Enhanced photo characteristics are observed for the TPNJ structure. An optical pump Terahertz probe and a physical property measurement system are used to confirm the cause of improved photoresponsivity. Consequently, the photocharacteristics are improved owing to the change in the absorption mechanism and surface transport channel caused by the Fermi level shift in the TPNJ structure.
Unveiling The Mechanism of The Dendrite Nucleation and Growth in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mingchang , Xu Weidong , Han Xuefei , Fan Huiqing , Chen Tao , Yang YaXiong , Gao Yong , Zheng Chao , Yang Yi , Xiong Ting , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Wang Weijia , Pan Hongge , Yu Zhi Gen , Xue Junmin
Published: January 2024

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) exhibit great potential for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, significant challenges exist, including the uncontrollable formation of Zn dendrite and side reactions during zinc stripping and plating. The mechanism of Zn dendrite nucleation has yet to be fully understood. In this work, the first principles simulations are used to investigate the Zn dendrite formation process. The unintentionally adsorbed O2− and OH− ions are the inducing factors for Zn dendrite nucleation and growth on the Zn (0001) plane due to significantly increased Zn diffusion barriers. A top‐down method is demonstrated to suppress the dendrite using delaminated V2CTx to capture O2− and OH− ions thanks to reduced Zn diffusion barriers. The experimental results revealed significantly suppressed Zn dendrite nucleation and growth, resulting in a layer‐by‐layer deposit/stripping of Zn. Based on the electrochemical evaluations, the V2CTx‐coated Zn composite delivers a high coulombic efficiency of 99.3% at 1.0 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the full cell achieves excellent cyclic performance of 93.6% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. This strategy has broad scalability and can be widely applied in designing metallic anodes for rechargeable batteries.
Rapid Improvement of Fiber Tensile Properties via In Situ Biomimetic Robotic Pulling and Bayesian Optimization
Authors: Bettahar Houari , Blanco-Mulero David , Kyrki Ville , Linder Markus B. , Zhou Quan
Published: January 2024

For fiber technology, new approaches such as biomimetic materials, such as silks, are being intensively explored, providing new solutions for a variety of industries, including textiles, composites, and biomedical engineering. New approaches for spinning or these materials are needed. Despite recent advances in enhancing fiber tensile properties, achieving significant improvement in tensile properties remains a tedious and challenging task, suffering from little to no controlled extrusion process and difficult optimization in high‐dimensional parameter spaces. Herein, a novel robotic biomimetic pulling method that can rapidly enhance fiber tensile properties surpassing current methods in both speed and resulting fiber properties is shown. Using a controlled fiber‐pulling device with in situ tensile measurements and adaptive optimization based on Bayesian Optimization, fiber strength exceeding 300% of the traditional full factorial design method within just a few experimental iterations is reached. The rapid experimental method presents a potential avenue for enhancing the performance of artificial fibers across diverse industries and applications.
Visible‐Light‐Photocatalyzed Pinacol Coupling in Water
Authors: Huh Hyun Ho , Lee Ye Jin , Anita Yulia , Woo Sang Kook
Published: January 2024

We present a green and efficient approach for synthesizing vicinal diols via a metal‐free photocatalyzed pinacol coupling reaction in water or aqueous media. The mild and practical reaction conditions, including a commercially available organic photocatalyst and a nontoxic solvent, provide wide functional group tolerance while furnishing the corresponding vicinal diols in high yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of Hantzsch ester (HEH), which undergoes single‐electron oxidation and subsequently acts as a proton donor to aldehydes for proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET). This work contributes to the development of environmentally friendly methodologies for carbon−carbon bond formation, aligning with the principles of green and sustainable chemistry.
Assembly and Utility of a Drawstring‐Mimetic Supramolecular Complex
Authors: Dong Xiangyu , Zhang Zhaoming , Xiao Hongyan , Liu Guoquan , Lei Sheng‐Nan , Wang Zhao , Yan Xuzhou , Wang Shutao , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Cong Huan
Published: January 2024

Inspired by the drawstring structure in daily life, here we report the development of a drawstring‐mimetic supramolecular complex at the molecular scale. This complex consists of a rigid figure‐of‐eight macrocyclic host molecule and a flexible linear guest molecule which could interact through three‐point non‐covalent binding to form a highly selective and efficient host‐guest assembly. The complex not only resembles the drawstring structure, but also mimics the properties of a drawstring with regard to deformations under external forces. The supramolecular drawstring can be utilized as an interlocked crosslinker for poly(methyl acrylate), and the corresponding polymer samples exhibit comprehensive enhancement of macroscopic mechanical performance including stiffness, strength, and toughness.
Utilising a Proton‐Responsive 1,8‐Naphthyridine Ligand for the Synthesis of Bimetallic Palladium and Platinum Complexes
Authors: Multem Arie J. H. , Delaney Andie R. , Kroeger Asja A. , Coote Michelle L. , Colebatch Annie L.
Published: January 2024

We present four proton‐responsive palladium and platinum complexes, [MCl2(RPONNHO)] (M=Pd, Pt; R=iPr, tBu) synthesised by complexation of PdCl2 or PtCl2(COD) with the 1,8‐naphthyridine ligand RPONNHO. Deprotonation of [MCl2(tBuPONNHO)] switches ligand coordination from mono‐ to dinucleating, offering a synthetic pathway to bimetallic PdII and PtII complexes [M2Cl2(tBuPONNO)2]. Two‐electron reduction gives planar MI−MI complexes [M2(tBuPONNO)2] (M=Pd, Pt) containing a metal‐metal bond. In contrast to the related nickel system that forms a metallophosphorane [Ni2(tBuPONNOPONNO)], an unusual phosphinite binding mode is observed in [M2(tBuPONNO)2] containing close phosphinite‐naphthyridinone P⋅⋅⋅O interactions, which is investigated spectroscopically, crystallographically and computationally. The presented proton‐responsive and structurally‐responsive RPONNHO and bimetallic RPONNO complexes offer a novel platform for future explorations of metal‐ligand and metal‐metal cooperativity with palladium and platinum.
A study protocol of a comparative mixed study of the T‐Control catheter
Authors: Medina‐Polo José , Salamanca‐Castro Ana Belén , Ramallo‐Fariña Yolanda , Mòdol‐Vidal Max , Valcárcel‐Nazco Cristina , Armas‐Moreno Clara , Perestelo‐Pérez Lilisbeth , García‐Pérez Lidia , García‐Bello Miguel Ángel , Luque‐González Manuel , Serrano‐Muñoz Marta , Pérez‐García Santiago
Published: January 2024

Background

Foley catheters have been subject to limited development in the last few decades. They fulfil their basic function of draining urine from the bladder but cause other associated problems. T‐Control is a new silicone Foley catheter with an integrated fluid control valve whose design aims to reduce the risks associated with bladder catheterization by a multifactorial approach. The general purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness, comfort, and experience of the patient catheterized with T‐Control® compared with patients with a conventional Foley catheter.

Study Design

This trial is a mixed‐method study comprising a two‐arm, pilot comparative study with random allocation to T‐Control catheter or traditional Foley catheter in patients with long‐term catheterization and a study with qualitative methodology, through discussion groups.

Endpoints

The comfort and acceptability of the T‐Control® device (qualitative) and the quality of life related to self‐perceived health (quantitative) will be analysed as primary endpoints. As secondary endpoints, the following will be analysed: magnitude and rate of infections (symptomatic and asymptomatic); days free of infection; indication of associated antibiotic treatments; determination of biofilm; number of catheter‐related adverse events; use of each type of catheterization's healthcare resources; and level of satisfaction and workload of health professionals.

Patients and Methods

Eligible patients are male and female adults aged ≥18 years, who require a change of long‐term bladder catheter. The estimated sample size is 50 patients. Patient follow‐up includes both the time of catheter insertion and its removal or change 4 weeks later, plus the time until the discussion groups take place.
Isthmin‐1: A critical regulator of branching morphogenesis and metanephric mesenchyme condensation during early kidney development
Authors: Gao Ge , Zhou Zhongjun
Published: January 2024

Isthmin‐1 (Ism1) was first described to be syn‐expressed with Fgf8 in Xenopus. However, its biological role has not been elucidated until recent years. Despite of accumulated evidence that Ism1 participates in angiogenesis, tumor invasion, macrophage apoptosis, and glucose metabolism, the cognate receptors for Ism1 remain largely unknown.Ism1deficiency in mice results in renal agenesis (RA) with a transient loss ofGdnftranscription and impaired mesenchyme condensation at E11.5. Ism1 binds to and activates Integrin α8β1 to positively regulate Gdnf/Ret signaling, thus promoting mesenchyme condensation and ureteric epithelium branching morphogenesis. Here, we propose the hypothesis underlying the mechanism by which Ism1 regulates branching morphogenesis during early kidney development.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in panic disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shafiee Arman , Jafarabady Kyana , Mohammadi Ida , Rajai Shahryar
Published: January 2024

Background

The existing literature on the association between brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels and panic disorder presents inconsistent findings. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to synthesize the available evidence and determine the overall effect of BDNF protein levels in individuals diagnosed with panic disorder.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) from inception to April 21, 2023. The search strategy included relevant keywords and medical subject headings terms related to BDNF, panic disorder, and protein levels. A random‐effects model was used for the meta‐analysis, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and statistical tests.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in BDNF protein levels in individuals with panic disorder (SMD = −.53, 95% CI: −1.02 to −.04, p < .001; I2: 92%). The results of subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were not statistically significant. No significant publication bias was observed based on the results of Egger's regression test (p‐value = .3550).

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta‐analysis provide evidence of lower BDNF protein levels in individuals diagnosed with panic disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings suggest a potential role for BDNF dysregulation in the pathophysiology of panic disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications.
Gens PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β expression improved by hair follicular stem cells‐conditioned medium enhances synaptic transmission and cognitive abilities in the rat model of vascular dementia
Authors: Ghobadi Mojtaba , Akbari Somayeh , Bayat Mahnaz , Moosavi Seyed Mostafa Shid , Salehi Mohammad Saied , Pandamooz Sareh , Azarpira Negar , Afshari Afsoon , Hooshmandi Etrat , Haghani Masoud
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common type of dementia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism of conditioned medium (CM) in VaD.

Material and methods

The rats were divided into four groups of control (n = 9), sham‐operation (n = 10), VaD with vehicle (n = 9), and VaD with CM (n = 12) that received CM on days 4, 14, and 24 after 2VO. Before sacrificing the rats, cognitive performance was assessed through the open‐field (OP), passive‐avoidance, and Morris‐water maze. The field‐potential recording was used to investigate basal synaptic transmission (BST) and long‐term potentiation (LTP). Subsequently, the hippocampus was dissected, and real‐time PCR was used to quantify the expression levels of β1‐catenin, insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β), glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β), postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), and NR2B genes.

Results

The results indicated impaired performance in behavioral tests in 2VO rats, coupled with reductions in BST and LTP induction. The expression levels of β1‐catenin, IGF‐1, PSD‐95, and TGF‐β genes decreased, whereas NR2B and GSK‐3β expression increased. Treatment with CM restores the expression of PSD‐95 and GSK‐3β as well as fear‐memory, spatial learning, and grooming number without a positive effect on memory retrieval, time spent on the periphery and center of OP. The BST recovered upon administration of CM but, the LTP induction was still impaired.

Conclusion

The recovery of BST in VaD rats appears to be the most important outcome of this study which is caused by the improvement of gene expression and leads to the restoration of fear memory.
Causal relationship between lactate dehydrogenase and risk of developing ischemic stroke: A Mendelian randomized study
Authors: Dong Fuxiang , Wang Xu , Li Jinjian , Zhao Dexi , Li Jinhua
Published: January 2024

Background and objective

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the major global health problems. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the risk of IS attacks. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LDH has a causal relationship with the development of IS.

Methods

The genome‐wide association data of LDH and IS were obtained through a Mendelian randomization‐based platform. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that were significantly associated with LDH were identified and used as instrumental variables, and a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study was used to examine the causal relationship between LDH and IS. The statistical methods included Inverse‐variance weighted approach, MR‐Egger regression, and weighted median estimator.

Results

We selected 15 SNPs of genome‐wide significance from Genome‐wide association study database with LDH as instrumental variables. A consistent causal association between LDH and IS was observed by different assessment methods. The results of the inverse‐variance weighted method suggested an inverse association between LDH and higher genetic predictability of IS risk (OR, 0.997; 95%CI 0.995–0.999). The weighted median estimate showed consistent results with the MR‐Egger method (weighted median estimate: OR, 0.995; 95%CI 0.992–0.999; MR‐Egger method: OR, 0.996; 95%CI 0.992–0.999). The inverse‐variance weighted method indicates a causal association between LDH and IS (β = −0.002563, SE = 0.00128, p = .0453). MR‐Egger analysis (β = −0.004498, SE = 0.001877, p = .03) and the weighted median method suggested that LDH and IS also existed causal relationship (β = −0.004861, SE = 0.001801, p = .00695).

Conclusions

Our Mendelian randomization results suggest that LDH is inversely associated with the risk of developing IS, and are contrary to the results of previous observational studies.
Suicidal Behavior in Nepali motion pictures of three decades (1990–2020): A content analysis
Authors: Singh Rakesh , Mahato Sharika , Singh Kritika , Puri Niranjan Raman , Baniya Susma , Arafat SM Yasir
Published: January 2024

Background

Assessment of the depiction of suicidal behavior in motion pictures would reveal the social representation of suicide that would foster suicide prevention in a country.

Objectives

We aimed to assess how suicidality has been depicted in Nepali movies by scrutinizing their contents against the sociodemographic checklist and WHO media guidelines for suicidal reporting.

Methods

This is a narrative quantitative analysis of suicidal behavior portrayals in the Nepali motion pictures that are publicly and freely accessible.

Results

Overall, out of the 573 scrutinized movies, we found ten movies consisting of 11 characters (i.e., the prevalence is 1.75%) showing suicidal behavior. The majority of suicidal behavior was seen in males 6 (54.5%), and the majority of attempters were students 3 (27.3%) or homemakers 2 (18.2%). Suicidal behavior was mostly observed in unmarried people 6 (54.5%). Hanging was the most prevalent method (45.5%), and home (36.4%) and public places (36.4%) were equally the most frequent places of attempt. The consequential risk factors for the attempts were found to be marital problems/premarital affairs (50%), followed by unfulfilled demand/conflict (30%). While all 11 items depicted the method and place of the attempt, two also depicted the complete scene of the attempt. One item used language that normalized suicide as a constructive solution to the problem. None of the pictures publicized any mental health messages or educated the public about suicide prevention.

Conclusions

The minimal adherence of the Nepali motion pictures on the depictions of suicidality with WHO media guidelines indicates urgent need to create awareness among the Nepali film fraternity.
Incidence and risk factors of immune‐related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors among older adults with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rong Yiran , Bentley John P. , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Yang Yi , Chang Yunhee , Earl Sally , Ramachandran Sujith
Published: January 2024

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment has been linked to a variety of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), which can affect any organ system. The incidence and risk factors of irAEs have not been adequately evaluated among older adults with NSCLC.

Methods

A cohort study was conducted using 1999–2019 SEER‐Medicare data among beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of NSCLC who received nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab. Incident irAEs were identified post‐ICI initiation. Demographic, cancer‐related characteristics, and clinical history risk factors of irAEs were evaluated with competing events considered.

Results

A total of 8175 older NSCLC patients were included (with 46.8% experiencing irAEs). Pneumonitis (16.5%), hypothyroidism (10.5%), arrhythmia (11.18%), and acute kidney injury (AKI) (5.8%) were the most common irAEs. The median time to first irAE was 82 days (IQR: 29–182 days). The earliest onset of irAE occurrence was for hematologic irAEs, while the latest were gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and musculoskeletal irAEs. Fine–Gray regression modeling revealed significantly greater hazards of irAE occurrence in patients who received pembrolizumab at index, did not have CNS metastases, had a history of autoimmune disorder, and had chemotherapy in combination with ICI. Race, socioeconomic status, previous radiation therapy, and comorbidity burden were found to be associated with the occurrence of certain type of irAEs.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of older patients with NSCLC develop an irAE after receiving ICI treatment. Factors related to cancer and treatment as well as demographics contribute to the increased risk of irAEs. Close monitoring and prediction of irAE among older patients receiving ICI is warranted.
Drug‐induced pneumonitis risk in diffuse large B‐cell/follicular lymphoma patients treated with R‐CHOP‐like regimen is associated with the use of granulocyte colony‐stimulating growth factors
Authors: Kaprio Elina , Prusila Roosa , Tokola Susanna , Kuusisto Milla E. L. , Jantunen Esa , Kuitunen Hanne , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina , Kuittinen Outi
Published: January 2024

Background

Rituximab‐based combinations are the standard of care in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). Despite being on market for over 20 years, some of the adverse effects associated with the use of rituximab are not well known. Drug‐induced interstitial pneumonitis (DIP) is a potentially fatal complication of the treatment. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factors (G‐CSF) are supportive agents commonly used to prevent neutropenic infections. G‐CSF are reported to have pulmonary toxicity, but the risk of DIP is greater when used in combination with other potentially pulmotoxic agents.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we reported the G‐CSF use and risk of DIP in 234 DLBCL patients and 87 FL patients receiving R‐CHOP‐type immunochemotherapy.

Results

In 72% of patients, the treatment included a G‐CSF support. The overall incidence of treatment‐induced pneumonitis was 6.9% in this patient group. All the DIP cases (n = 16) were among patients receiving G‐CSF support (p = 0.03). Older age (over 60 years) and higher disease stage (Ann Arbor 3–4) also increased the risk of DIP.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the use of G‐CSF increases the risk of DIP, when used in combination with rituximab‐containing regimen.
Optimization of Flavonoid Extraction fromEucommia ulmoidespollen using Respond Surface Methodology and its biological activities
Authors: Zhu Jingjing , Chen Ang , Ma Hailin , Cheng Yuen Yee , Song Kedong
Published: January 2024

Flavonoids, known for their abundance inEucommia ulmoidespollen, possess diverse biological functions, including antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and anti‐tumor properties. This study aims to establish effective parameters for flavonoid extraction fromEucommia ulmoidespollen using a microwave‐assisted method, characterize the flavonoid composition of the extracted material, and explore its biological activities. Building upon the initial results from single‐factor experiments, response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction parameters. The inhibitory effect of human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) was evaluated by CCK assay and Live/dead staining. Simultaneously, the extract‘s scavenging ability against DPPH free radicals and its antibacterial properties againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureuswere investigated. The results demonstrated that the flavonoid yield reached 3.28 g per 100 g of pollen, closely aligning with the predicted value. The IC50for flavonoid‐mediated DPPH radical scavenging was 0.04 mg/mL. The extract exhibited a robust inhibitory effect on bothEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. Concurrently, the extract displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of MCF‐7 cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. In addition, six kinds of flavonoids have been identified by UPLC‐TOF‐MS/MS technology, providing further support to the study on the anti‐oxidation and anti‐tumor mechanism ofEucommia ulmoidespollen extracts.
Theoretical and Experimental In‐vitro Studies of Novel Thiophene Based Organotellurium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Bhardwaj Anisha , Kumar Manish , Bendi Anjaneyulu , Garg Sapana
Published: January 2024

Schiff bases are one of the important classes of organic compounds containing imine or azomethine functional groups with potential biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Nowadays, these compounds have attracted the scientific community‘s attention due to their ability to act as ligands in the formation of stable metal complexes with significant biological activity. In this connection, we have designed and synthesized six novel thiophene‐based organoltellurium (IV) complexes using a novel N‐((5‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl) methylene)‐2‐nitroaniline (5MTCONA) schiff base. These complexes underwent analytical investigation (TGA, Powder XRD, SEM, EDAX) as well as spectral analysis (FT‐IR, NMR, Mass spectrometry, UV‐Vis). The in‐vitro pharmacological evaluation of these compounds has been carried out as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. To further corroborate our findings, we have implemented computational analyses (Semi empirical PM3 method, Molecular Docking, and ADMET) of all the compounds with Spartan‐14, Hex‐8.0., Swiss ADME software. Precisely, our study integrates experimental and theoretical aspects, offering innovative insights in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
Optimization of the synthesis of BET BD2 selective inhibitor XY153
Authors: Zhu Run , Li Junhua , Dong Ruibo , Hu Qingqing , Chen Zhiming , Chen Xiaoshan , Zhong Zhixin , Xiang Qiuping , Huang Cen , Lin Bin , Wu Xishan , Zhang Yan , Zhao Linxiang , Xu Yong
Published: January 2024

XY153 is a promising BET BD2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.79 nM against BRD4 BD2. It shows 354‐fold selectivity over BRD4‐BD1 and 6‐fold selectivity over other BET BD2 domains. However, the reported synthesis route of XY153 and its derivatives are extremely poor‐yielding. After the synthesis of three key fragments, XY153 can only be obtained with a yield of 1.3 % in the original four‐step reaction. In this study, we reported a three‐step alternative route in the synthesis process of XY153. The reaction conditions for this route were thoroughly investigated and optimized, resulting in a significantly improved yield of 61.5 %. This efficient synthesis route establishes a robust chemical foundation for the rapid synthesis of XY153 derivatives as BET BD2 inhibitors in the near future.
Unveiling foliar secreting sites and secretion composition in the legume tree Swartzia flaemingii Raddi
Authors: Guimarães Veloso Dalton , de Freitas Mansano Vidal , Pádua Teixeira Simone , Alcantara de Oliveira Carolina , Baratto Leopoldo C. , Almeida Rodrigues Igor , Villela Paulino Juliana
Published: January 2024

Secretory structures in plants play a crucial role in producing bioactive compounds. Despite the potential of the Swartzia genus, comprehensive studies in this context are still scarce. Swartzia is a legume tree (Fabaceae) that occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, a biodiversity hotspot, and includes species such as Swartzia flaemingii. Therefore, we aim to achieve: (1) identify and characterize the key secretory sites responsible for saponin production in S. flaemingii leaflets; (2) confirm the presence of saponins in S. flaemingii leaves by comparing them with known chemical profiles of other Swartzia species; (3) assess the potential hemolytic and cytotoxic effects of crude leaf extracts. Our investigation unveils the presence of phenolic idioblasts, mucilage cells, and articulate laticifers, which play pivotal roles in defense and adaptation. Notably, we report the first‐ever ultrastructural details of laticifers in a legume species. Additionally, oleanane‐type saponins were identified in the leaves, giving insights into the chemotaxonomic profile of Swartzia. The crude extracts show low cytotoxicity levels, showcasing as a promising alternative source of saponins. This investigation reinforces the importance of conserving plants in threatened regions like the Atlantic Forest, a global biodiversity hotspot facing substantial anthropogenic pressures.
A mixed‐apoptotic effect of Jurinea mesopotamica extract on prostate cancer cells: a promising source for natural chemotherapeutics
Authors: Koyuncu Ismail , Temiz Ebru , Seker Fatma , Balos M. Maruf , Akkafa Feridun , Yuksekdag Ozgür , Yılmaz M. Abdullah , Zengin Gokhan
Published: January 2024

This research investigates the potential use of Jurinea mesopotamica Hand.‐Mazz. (Asteraceae) in cancer treatment. In this study, a plant extract was prepared using all parts of J. mesopotamica, and its effect on the proliferation of cancer and normal cells was tested using the MTT method. It was found to have a selective cytotoxic effect on prostate cancer cells, with the lowest IC50 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) of 10μg/mL found in the butanol extract (JMBE). The extract suppressed the proliferation of prostate cancer cells (67 %), disrupted organelle integrity (49 %), increased reactive oxidative stress (66 %), and triggered cell death (51 %). In addition, apoptotic gene expressions and protein levels increased, and the profile of amino acids related to energy metabolism was elevated. Based on LC–MS/MS results, the plant contained higher levels of flavonoids, including isoquercitrin, cosmosiin, astragalin, nicotiflorin, luteolin, and apigenin. These results suggest that J. mesopotamica has a selective effect on prostate cancer due to its high flavonoid content and might be a promising natural alternative for cancer treatment.
Rh‐Catalyzed Chemodivergent [3+3] Annulations of Diazoenals and α‐Aminoketones: Direct Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2‐Dihydropyridines and Fused 1,4‐Oxazines
Authors: Mandal Pratap Kumar , Katukojvala Sreenivas
Published: January 2024

Novel rhodium‐catalyzed [3+3] annulations of diazoenals and α‐amino ketones has been disclosed here. The reactivity of diazoenals has been switched from carbenoid to vinylogous NH‐insertion by altering acyclic to cyclic α‐amino ketones. In this direction, we report an efficient strategy to synthesize 1,2‐dihydropyridines (DHPs) and fused 1,4‐oxazines. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the formyl group is necessary for carbenoid [3+3] annulation and the cyclohexyl group is the dictating factor for vinylogous NH‐ insertion. The synthetic utility of 1,2‐dihydropyridines was demonstrated by synthesizing piperidine, pyrido[1,2‐a]indole, and 2‐pyridone scaffolds. Further, structural diversification of fused 1,4‐oxazines resulted in the short synthesis of hexahydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones, hexahydro quinolines and tetrahydroquinolinones via ring opening rearrangement and a new oxidative deformylation, respectively.
Racing for Green Hydrogen Economics with Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolysis – How to Be Achieved
Authors: Stiber Svenja , Gago Aldo , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: January 2024

For renewable hydrogen production, polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis is the most promising technology. However, the technology is not yet competitive with conventional hydrogen production in terms of cost. The impact of cost reduction options on CAPEX and OPEX is investigated. Depending on the hours of operation, the main cost factor is the production and manufacturing of components or the price of electricity. Clearly a tremendous need to implement low‐cost electrolysis cells on a large scale to bring green hydrogen production costs to a level 1–3 € kg−1 hydrogen.
Achieving Accuracy and Economy for Calculating Vertical Detachment Energies of Molecular Anions: A Model Chemistry Composite Methods
Authors: Wang Xiao‐juan , Ding Yi‐hong , Tian Xiao
Published: January 2024

The vertical detachment energy (VDE) is a vital factor for predicting the stability of anions that have important applications in the atom, molecule and cluster science. Due to the synthetic or characterization difficulty of anions, accurate and efficient predictions of VDE independent of laboratory data have always been an appealing task to remedy the experimental deficiencies. Unfortunately, the generally adopted CCSD(T) and electron propagator theory (EPT) methods have respectively been proven to be reliable but very cost‐expensive, and cost‐effective but sometimes problematic when Koopman's theorem is invalid. Here, we for the first time introduced and benchmarked a series of model chemistry composite methods (e. g., CBS‐QB3, G4 and W1BD) on calculating VDE for 57 molecular anions. Notably, CBS‐QB3 exceeds the accuracy of CCSD(T) while approaching the economy of EPT. Therefore, we highly recommend the composite method CBS‐QB3 to compute VDEs for molecular anions in the attractive “killing two birds with one stone” manner.
How Pipeline Installations Impact Agricultural Fields and Landowners
Authors: Culman Steve , Brehm Theresa
Published: January 2024

Underground pipelines are a safe and effective method for transporting oil and natural gas to fuel our lifestyles and economy. New pipeline installations are on the rise and primarily installed in rural areas. But what are the consequences of this energy infrastructure on soil and croplands? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Examining the placement of atypical anorexia nervosa in the eating disorder diagnostic hierarchy relative to bulimia nervosa and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Forney K. Jean , Rezeppa Taylor L. , Hill Naomi G. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Brown Tiffany A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Some individuals meet the criteria for atypical anorexia nervosa and another eating disorder simultaneously. The current study evaluated whether allowing a diagnosis of atypical anorexia nervosa to supersede a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa (BN) or binge‐eating disorder (BED) provided additional information on psychological functioning.

Methods

Archival data from 650 university students (87.7% female, 69.4% white) who met Eating Disorder Diagnostic Survey for DSM‐5 eating disorder criteria and completed questionnaires assessing quality of life, eating disorder‐related impairment, and/or eating pathology at a single time point. Separate regression models used diagnostic category to predict quality of life and impairment. Two diagnostic schemes were used: the DSM‐5 diagnostic scheme and an alternative scheme where atypical anorexia nervosa superseded all diagnoses except anorexia nervosa. Model fit was compared using the Davidson–Mackinnon J test. Analyses were pre‐registered (https://osf.io/2ejcd).

Results

Allowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided better fit to the data for eating disorder‐related impairment (p = .02; n = 271), but not physical, psychological, or social quality of life (p's ≥ .33; n = 306). Allowing an atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis to supersede a BN or BED diagnosis provided a better fit in cross‐sectional models predicting purging (p = .02; n = 638), but not body dissatisfaction, binge eating, restricting, or excessive exercise (p's ≥ .08; n's = 633–647).

Discussion

The current data support retaining the DSM‐5 diagnostic scheme. More longitudinal work is needed to understand the predictive validity of the atypical anorexia nervosa diagnosis.

Public Significance

The current study examined how changes to the diagnostic categories for eating disorders may change how diagnoses are associated with quality of life and impairment. Overall, findings suggest that the diagnostic hierarchy should be maintained.
Characterization of mono‐varietal virgin olive oils obtained from Turkish National Germplasm Bank according to fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory properties
Authors: Yıldırım Berna , Özdikicierler Onur , Yemişçioğlu Fahri
Published: January 2024

Mono‐varietal virgin olive oils were obtained from Olea europaea L. olives grown in the National Olive Germplasm Bank in the same agronomic conditions for two harvesting years. Samples were characterized according to fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory attributes, and varieties were compared using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. Odor activity values (OAVs) of the volatiles were calculated to discuss relationships between individual sensory properties and volatiles. Although most of the samples overlapped on the score plots, some samples were located away from the others. The sample groupings on the dendrogram plotted using Ward's linkage were generally suitable with PCA results. Ethanol had a negative correlation with 9 out of 14 pleasant attributes. According to OAVs, trans‐2‐hexenal content had the most important effect on sensory attributes and positively correlated with flower odor, whereas hexenal content contributed to sweet attributes. Similarly, the effect of 1‐hexanol content strengthened the flower attribute but weakened the bitter taste. These findings were also confirmed by separating some varieties rich in those volatiles on the PCA bi‐plot of sensory attributes. Samples were grouped on a dendrogram in accordance with total ester and total C3, C5, and C6 acid contents.

Practical Application: Most olive production in Turkey is based on a few varieties, whereas 95 different endemic varieties were registered by Turkish National Germplasm Bank. This study provides information on the volatile composition, sensory profile, and fatty acid composition of virgin olive oils produced from some rare varieties with high oil content. Moreover, relationships and correlations between individual volatiles and sensory attributes were evaluated, and the main differences in fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory attributes of these Turkish virgin olive oils and those produced from well‐known varieties from major producing countries were compared. Thus, data on the main characteristics of extra virgin olive oils produced from Turkish olives were provided to the literature, these varieties were promoted internationally, and their cultivation was encouraged.