bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mythology in the Art of Opera within the Sample of the Opera of Gilgamesh
Authors: DANIŞMAN Bernis , MILLARD Esin de THORPE
Published: December 2023

Mitoloji, insanlık tarihi var olduğu andan itibaren, insanın hayatında olan bir olgudur. İnsanların, hiçbir bilimsel kaynağı olmadığı dönemlerde, doğa olaylarını anlama ve tanımlama biçimi, mitolojinin oluşmasında önemli rol oynamaktadır.
Mitoloji, tarih boyunca, her alanda olduğu gibi sanat alanında da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sanat alanına baktığımızda, mitoloji her zaman sanatçılara ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Sanatın ortaya çıktığı anlardan itibaren mitolojik karakterleri
görebilmekteyiz. Bu durum gerek mimaride gerek resim sanatında gerekse heykel sanatında günümüze kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. Opera sanatında da mitoloji, diğer sanat dallarında olduğu gibi etkili bir rol üstlenmiştir. İlk bestecilerden
itibaren mitolojik karakterler ve olaylar, sahnede boy göstermektedir. Opera tarihinin başından itibaren, birçok operanın konusu mitolojik ögeler içermektedir. Daha çok Yunan mitolojisi ile karşımıza çıkan opera eserlerinin, ilerleyen
dönemlerde, opera sanatının farklı coğrafyalara yayılmasıyla birlikte, konu yelpazesi de genişlemiştir. Türk opera sanatı, Cumhuriyet’in ilanından sonra gelişmeye başlamış, aynı batıda olduğu gibi ülkemizde de öncelikli konular
mitolojik olaylar olmuştur. Gılgamış Destanı, tarihin ilk yazılı destanı olarak kabul edilmektedir ve on iki tabletten oluşmaktadır. Binlerce yıl önce Sümer’de yaşamış olan kahraman kralın hikâyelerini anlatan destan, kil tabletlere
yazılmış ancak zaman içinde bozulmalardan kaynaklı bazı boşluklar oluşmuştur. Gılgamış Destanı, Uruk kentinde yaşayan kral Gılgamış’ın ölümsüzlüğü aramak için çıktığı yolculukta başına gelenleri anlatmaktadır. Gılgamış, ölümsüzlüğü
arayan bir ölümlü olarak anılır ve günümüzde hala etkili bir biçimde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Gılgamış Destanı, çok kez tiyatro ve opera sahnesinde, sinemada ve edebiyatta karşımıza çıkmıştır. İkinci kuşak Türk bestecilerinden Nevit
Kodallı, Gilgameş operası ile Sümer mitolojisini ele almış, günümüze kadar uzanan bu etkileyici hikâyeyi izleyiciyle buluşturmuştur.
Land Art in the Gallery: Richard Long
Authors: ATAR Neda İsmail
Published: December 2023

Bir yere özgü olma durumu; 20. yüzyılın başlarında Marcel Duchamp ve Kurt Schwitters'e dayandırılabilecek yerleştirmeyle dirsek teması olan ve birçok sanat disiplinini içinde barındıran, hibrit üretim tarzıyla tarif edilebilir. Uygulamayı,
üretim süreçlerini içinde barındıran ve sergileyen sanatsal üretim biçimlerinin sanat dünyasında etkin oluşu 1960’ları bulur. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında 1950’lerden itibaren kendini iyice hissettiren kapitalizm, etkisini sanat
dünyasında da göstermiştir. Galeri, müze gibi kurumsal yapılar, sanat nesnesinin ticari meta haline gelmesinde başat rol oynamış, adeta sergiledikleri eserleri ve sanatçıların sanat hayatını biçimlendirecek kadar etkin olmuşlardır!
Kısaca Arazi Sanatı, bu duruma bir tepki olarak doğmuştur diyebiliriz. Arazi sanatçılarının çalışmalarını doğrudan doğa içinde gerçekleştirmeleri, onların muhalif yanlarını da ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Aynı zamanda heykelin geleneksel
durumuna da bir sorgulamadır ve bunu alana özgü (site- specific) ürünlerle göstermişlerdir. Bu bakışla Arazi Sanatı 1960’ların sanat dünyasında vuku bulan anti sanat hareketlerinde öncü sayılabilir. Dönemin kurumsallaşmış sanat
dünyasına bir tavır olarak sayılabilecek bu akım; anti kapitalizm, öğrenci hareketleri, savaş karşıtlığı gibi toplumsal olaylardaki muhalif hislerle de paralellik gösterir. İzleyicinin yapıtı bir kenarda izlemeden, hatta yapıtla
iletişimi doğrudan kurduğu bir deneyim alanı olarak sunulan arazi sanatı yapıtları; galeri sınırlarını reddederek devrimci ruhunu ortaya koyduysa da bu durum uzun sürmez. Sanatın müze ve galeri gibi kurumsal yapıları, yeni hatta
karşıt fikirlerin dahi ehlîleştirilip pazarlandığı esnek bir ticari ortamı içerir. Bir kariyer inşası olarak görülebilecek sanat piyasasına arazi sanatçıları da teslim olmuş, başlangıçta müze ve galeri salonlarının dışında yapıtlarını
sunsalar da zamanla sisteme tabi olup hem arazide hem de galeride sanat üretmişlerdir. Amerikalı arazi sanatçılarına göre daha hafif müdahalelerde bulunan Richard Long da üretimlerini hem arazide hem de galeride sürdürmüştür. Bu
metin sanatın kurumsal işleyişini, Arazi Sanatında tutarsız gibi görünen iç mekân kullanımını sanatçı Richard Long özelinden hareketle açıklamayı amaçlar.
Examination of the Doctoral Dissertation Subject to Life Science Course in Terms of Approaches and Analysis Techniques
Authors: GÜVEN Bülent , KIRAT Emel
Published: December 2023

Okul yıllarının başlangıcında beceri kazanımına yönelik bireylere geniş fırsatlar sağlayan hayat bilgisi dersi, eğitim ve sosyal bilim araştırmalarına konu olarak alana yönelik uygulama ve değerlendirmeleri içeren geniş bir literatür
sunmaktadır. Bu alanda gerçekleştirilen çalışmaların yöntemsel boyutlarındaki yapıyı detaylı incelemek ve araştırmacılara araştırma süreçlerinde izlenen yol hakkında fikir vermenin amaçlandığı bu araştırmada nitel yönteme uygun
olarak doküman analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Hayat bilgisi dersini konu alan YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde tam metni erişime açık halde bulunan doktora tezleri incelemeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde tez çalışmalarında
değişkene dayalı araştırma yaklaşımlarının sıkça kullanıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçtan hareketle son yıllarda doktora tez çalışmalarının literatürde yoğun olarak yer aldığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından deneysel
ve eylem araştırması temelinde çoğunlukla uygulamaya dayalı desen seçimine gidildiği gözlenmiştir.
Design of Graphene Coated on FBG for High Temperature Sensor
Authors: Irawan Dedi , Isty Miftahul Farhani , Azhar  , Islami Nur , Ramadhan Khaikal
Published: December 2023

This article reported design of FBG Sensor layered by 2D Graphene Material. In this research, the FBG was coated with single layer graphene material, then the outher FBG has been coated with Aluminium, Chromium Oxide, PMMA, and Silica. The finite element method was used to analyze the profile  of each coated-FBG with a thickness of 20 µm. Furthermore, the sensitivity of each designed coated-FBGs for the temperature measurement was calculated in the range of 25 oC – 300 oC. Design and analysis of coated FBG found that the FBG coated with graphene then layered by PMMA material has the highest sensitivity of 406.4 pm/℃. Although the sensitivity was 395.73pm/℃ for PMMA material. It was followed by Aluminium coating material which yields the sensitivity of 71.367pm/℃. The Silica and Chromium oxide yield the same sensitivity of 13.73pm/℃. Furthermore, the simulation results shows that the design of coated FBGs with a Gaussian apodization has the narrowest FWHM width of 1.3 nm. While the Tanh and Uniform apodization yield FWHM width of 3.724 nm and 3.732 nm respectively. Certainly, the best FBG design for high temperature sensor was proposed by FBGs coated by graphene and layered with PMMA material with Gaussian apodization
Classroom Action Research Training and Assistance for Science Teachers at Attohiriyah High School, Bodak, Central Lombok
Authors: Doyan Aris , Susilawati Susilawati , Zuhdi Muhammad , Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Gunawan Gunawan , Hikmawati Hikmawati , Hakim Syamsul , Infarlina Baiq Hurun , Sahwi Sahwi , Hartati Fitriana Yuni
Published: December 2023

Community service carried out by the service team chose schools as targets for implementing activities. School selection is carried out through initial observations to find out the problems and appropriate solutions. This service activity takes the form of training in preparing Classroom Action Research (CAR). The activities carried out were not only limited to training, but the service team also provided assistance to Attohiriyah Bodak High School teachers, especially natural science subject teachers, namely physics, chemistry and biology teachers. The benchmark for the success of this activity is the participant's response and the follow-up provided after the training. Responses from teachers participating in training and mentoring. Most of them gave positive responses and stated that this activity was very useful for teachers in carrying out or creating scientific work
A ‘Pracinha do Diário’: Um espaço público pulsante como marco da paisagem cultural do Recife
Authors: Costa Thais Santos
Published: December 2023

O Bairro de Santo Antônio, no Recife, é reconhecido como Zona Especial de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico e destaca-se como um sítio histórico singular, representando a porção inicial da ocupação
Bentuk Resistansi Tertutup Kaum Tani dan Buruh dalam Cerpen-Cerpen Sastrawan Lekra di Koran Harian Rakjat
Authors: Zulfikar Moh. Fikri
Published: December 2023

ABSTRAK: Cerpen-cerpen yang diproduksi sastrawan Lekra memiliki kekhasan dalam mengungkap realita di masyarakat tahun 1950-1965. Salah satunya terletak pada muatan resistansi tertutup di dalam karyanya yang direpresentasikan dalam lakuan tokoh yang bisa mendorong pembaca untuk ikut tergerak dalam aksi-aksi perlawanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk resistansi tertutup kaum tani dan buruh dalam cerpen-cerpen sastrawan Lekra di koran Harian Rakjat. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan struktural. Data penelitian mengacu pada sekelompok informasi dari pembacaan teks. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah cerpen-cerpen sastrawan Lekra yang dimuat koran Harian Rakjat terbitan tahun 1950-1965. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik baca, catat, dan studi dokumen. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam upaya pemahaman representasi resistansi dalam cerpen dilakukan dengan hermeneutika fenomenologi Paul Ricoeur. Hasil penelitian ini yakni terdapat tiga pola bentuk resistansi kaum tani dan buruh yang digambarkan dalam cerpen-cerpen Lekra di koran Harian Rakjat: (1) perseorangan, (2) pengutamaan diri sendiri dan keluarga, serta (3) pengakuan pihak dominasi. Ketiga bentuk resistansi tertutup tersebut direpresentasikan dalam cerpen-cerpen sastrawan Lekra di koran Harian Rakjat.
Selection of heat treatment modes for pipes from alloy TI−3AL−2,5V FOR residual stresses removal at the final stage of production
Authors: Vakhrusheva V.S. , Hruzin N.V.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of research is to determine heat treatment modes at the final stage of titanium pipes manufacturing to remove residual stresses in accordance with the requirements of ASM standards before delivery of pipes in CWCR condition, after cold pressure treatment and heat treatment to remove residual stresses. Research methods: X-ray diffraction analysis for texture and inverse pole figures construction, evaluation of mechanical properties according to the ASTM standard and residual stresses by the Davydenkov method, as well as production of pipes, according to the developed modes in industrial conditions. Results. The residual stresses level at different heating temperatures of the pipes is evaluated. The mode of final heat treatment to remove residual stresses, which heating temperature in vacuum is 380…450 0C, depending on the previous degree of deformation was selected. Mechanical properties of pipes after rolling and subsequent heat treatment (CWCR state) are evaluated. The texture of the pipes mainly has a radial component and almost does not change during the final heat treatment to remove residual stresses. Practical value is to improve the technological process of titanium pipes production in industrial conditions and the quality of operation. Conclusions. The temperature range for removal of residual stresses, which is 380…450 0С, is set depending on preliminary deformation degree. The selected mode of heat treatment allows ensuring mechanical properties level in according to the requirements of AMS 4946. It is shown that heat treatment does not change the texture of the pipes, retaining more radial component, which provides relative compression ratios.
Aspects of fractal modelling application
Authors: Bolshakov V.I. , Volchuk V.M. , Kotov M.A. , Fisunenko D.P.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of research. More than 40 years ago, the theory of fractals applied to model of materials structure and properties firstly. During this time in many publications, the connection between the fractal (fractional) dimension of various materials structural elements and their physical and mechanical properties have confirmed. But unified approach to the organisation of fractal modelling not defined. This article analyses some steps of fractal modelling in order to assess their application to specific cases of predicting quality criteria for metals and concretes. Results. One of the fractal modelling algorithms used in materials science is considered. The algorithm consist of: calculation of the fractal dimension D for the research object according to F. Hausdorff's formula; definition of object self-similarity (invariance with reference to the representation scale); model investigation for compliance with the conditions corresponding to the sensitivity index; choice of a objective function (quality criterion), variables (fractal dimensions of structural elements) and reference points; formalization of the obtained results (selection of an adequate model describing the connection between the fractal structure of the material and its properties); estimation of the fractal object heterogeneity degree according to Rainier's formula for belonging to multifractals; interpretation of the obtained results. Examples of implementation for each step of the fractal modelling algorithm are given. The expediency of supplementing the considered algorithm due to the possibility of applying fractal formalism in the quality criteria ranking by the metal and concrete example is considered. The application of such a systematic approach in fractal modelling allows to improve the investigated material properties prediction based on the analysis of their structure and macrostructure. In turn, this leads to the finding of new structure-property regularities. Conclusions. Variants for supplementing the algorithm for fractal modelling of the structure and properties for metals (steel and cast iron) and concretes are proposed. The application of these algorithms allow the correlation and sensitivity estimation between the fractal dimension of the structure and the properties, as well as the ranking of the quality criteria for the materials based on the analysis of the working range of their values.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW METHOD FOR MODELING PHASE-STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS DURING COOLING OF ALLOY STEELS
Authors: BOBYR S.V. , PARUSOV E.V. , GOLUBENKO T.M. , LOSHKAREV D.V.
Published: December 2023

Formulation of the problem. Modern research on the phase transformations modeling in low-alloy steels allow solving the problem of phase transformations quantitative determination for a given chemical composition of steel and different cooling rates. However, the possibilities of available universal software products for the complex alloy steels analysis are limited. The impossibility for users to integrate their own subroutines according to the phase transformation diagrams is their main disadvantage. Purpose of research. Modeling phase-structural transformations during cooling of complex-alloy steels taking into account the formation of all structural components, in particular residual austenite. To research, steels 25Cr2Mo1V and 38CrNi3MoV and existing analytical models were used, which were adapted to carry out the relevant calculations. Results. A new method for modeling phase-structural transformations during cooling of alloy steels is developed. Structural diagrams depending on the rate of continuous cooling are constructed for the investigated steels. For the first time, the amount of residual austenite is taken into account according to the developed method. Under developed method thermokinetic diagrams of investigated steels austenite transformation are constructed. According to the diagrams, the decay of austenite steel 38CrNi3MoV begins at lower temperatures compared to steel 25Cr2Mo1V. Steel 25Cr2Mo1V, with continuous cooling at a rate of 1.0 °C/s (conditions close to natural air cooling), consists of 18 % ferrite, 1 % pearlite, 80 % bainite and 1 % residual austenite. Steel 38CrNi3MoV cooled at a rate of 1,0 °C/s consists of 2 % ferrite, 47,5 % bainite, 50 % martensite and 0,5 % residual austenite. It is shown that the calculated data correlate well with practical results at the conditions of natural air cooling.
CRACK INITIATION ALONG THE INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES OF THE “PHASE SIDE BY SIDE” TYPE HETEROPHASE INCLUSIONS
Authors: GUBENKO S.I. , PARUSOV E.V. , CHUIKO I.M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of research. Investigation into crack initiation features in heterophase inclusions of the “phase side by side” type during steel deformation. Methods. Destruction of various types heterophase inclusions is investigated during the deformation of samples from steels 08Ti, 08Al, 12MnSi, 08unk, 09Mn2Si, 08GSiAlTiV in the temperature range 20...1 200 °С. Samples of 08Ti and 08Al steels are subjected to tension, compression and bending, steel HB-57 − to tension and compression, steel 08unk, 08Cr, ATs45X ,ATs18XGT − to tension in vacuum at temperatures of 20...1 200 °С on experimental settings with special grips, which motion speed was 20 mm/min. Methods of investigation – petrography, X-ray microanalysis and optical microscopy were used. Results. It has been found that the diversity of phases composing the heterophase inclusions of the “phase side by side” type leads to their different behaviour under plastic deformation. The microcracks nitiation occurs along the internal interphase boundaries. Depending on the plasticity level of the phases composing the inclusion, these cracks can be brittle or ductile, which is also related to the effects of the deformation temperature. The features of microcracks initiation for different combinations of heterophase inclusions plastic and non-deformed phases of the “phase side by side” type are analysed. The interaction between heterophase inclusions of the “phase side by side” type and the steel matrix during deformation is discussed. Scientific novelty. The features of microcrack initiation related to heterophase inclusions of “phase side by side” type with different combination of brittle and plastic phases during steels deformation in a wide temperature range is determined. It was found that the microcracks initiation and spreading within inclusions “phase side by side” type occurs both in phases and along internal interphase boundaries. It is shown that the critical degrees of samples deformation, at which significant microcracks along the internal interphase boundaries occur, depend on the temperature and the inclusion phase. The critical degrees of samples deformation, upon reaching which significant microcracks occurred along the internal interphase boundaries, depended on the temperature and the nature of the “phase side by side” inclusions. The values of the critical degrees of deformation determine the level of cohesive strength of the internal interphase boundaries of the heterophase inclusions “phase side by side”. Practical significance. The use of obtained results will make it possible to develop technologies for producing steels with regulated types of heterophase non-metallic inclusions. This will substantially improve their technological and performance characteristics and prevent the various defects formation in the steel pressure treatment and the products operation.
FEATURES OF MOBILE HOUSING DESIGN IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: TSYMBALOVA T.A.
Published: December 2023

Formulation of the problem. These days, Ukraine has been faced with a critical socio-demographic situation in which urgent provision of housing for internally displaced persons, victims of hostilities on the territory of our country is required. The use of mobile housing technologies could contribute to a temporary solution to the housing problem. Purpose of research. Identifying the features of the use of mobile housing based on the study of world and domestic experience. Analysis of publications. Analysis of recent research and publications on the topic of mobile architecture has revealed some developments related to regional and typological features (scientific works by I. Khvyla, O. Chelnokov, V. Vorobyov, D. Tkach, M. Avdeeva). Methodology. The research is based on an integrated approach: elaboration of literature sources on the genesis of mobile housing formation and analysis of the mobile housing industry current state. Results. The historical prerequisites for the mobile housing formation and the experience of creating mobile homes in the post-industrial period in Ukraine and abroad are developed. The main trends in the development of mobile housing are identified. The functional-typological aspect of using mobile housing practice in the context of social and migration processes is analyzed. The connection between the functional and planning advantages for specific constructive types of mobile housing and their using during various migration processes (labor, recreational and tourist, forced by natural and military disasters). Conclusions. Structural and technological capabilities of mobile housing allow using its typological range to solve the housing problem in Ukraine, primarily to provide temporary housing for the affected people. Unfortunately, the use of mobile housing in Ukraine, at present, is limited in both quantitative and functional-typological.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MAGNESIUM-SOLUBLE BIOLOGICAL ALLOY FOR IMPLANTS
Authors: SHALOMEEV V.A. , TABUNSHCHYK G.V. , SHEYKO S.P. , LIUTOVA O.V.
Published: December 2023

Formulation of the problem. Currently, biosoluble materials are widely used for the manufacture of implants, among which the most promising are magnesium alloys. Magnesium is a natural element of the body. It is contained in bone and muscle tissue and involved in various metabolic processes. In addition, magnesium and its biocorrosion products have excellent biocompatibility. The main advantage of magnesium alloys is the positive effect magnesium has on the human body, but their quality is not satisfactory for use in the human body. Improved refining and modification processes of liquid melt can increase the properties of magnesium alloys. Purpose of research: to investigate and test various carbonaceous materials for refining and modifying magnesium melt. Method. Optical microscopy, application of standard techniques for determining the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy and special techniques for determining the refining and modifying ability of various carbon-containing materials. Results. The technology of cast magnesium alloys modification for Mg – Zr − Nd system by dispersed graphite powder is proposed. It is shown that the optimal carbon additive in the quantity of 0,05…0,1 % improves the mechanical properties due to grain grinding and additional strengthening of structural components. A complex filter containing equal quantity of magnesite, graphite and limestone is proposed. It provides an increased level of melt refining to obtain high quality casting. It is shown that the use of a complex carbon-containing filter provides not only efficient melt refining, but also its additional modification. In alloy structure the increased quantity of intermetallic γ-phase is observed, that provides increase the microhardness of alloy structural components and promotes increase of its physical-mechanical characteristics. Scientific novelty. The structure and properties of cast magnesium alloy for Mg –Zr – Nd system during modification with dispersed graphite powder and its filtration through carbon-containing materials are investigated. Practical significance. The developed complex technology for processing the liquid melt of magnesium alloys for the Mg – Zr − Nd system allows to increase the yield of suitable casting and improve its quality.
DEVELOPMENT OF STEEL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND HEAT TREATMENT REGIME OF RAILWAY WHEELS FOR OPERATION IN LIGHT BRAKING CONDITIONS UNDER HIGH AXLE LOADS
Authors: BABACHENKO O.I. , KONONENKO G.A. , PODOLSKYI R.V. , SAFRONOVA O.A.
Published: December 2023

The development of new wear-resistant materials has a pivotal role in solving the durability problem of railway wheels. The adoption of appropriate chemical compositions of steel and proper heat treatment regimes aimed at developing specific structural conditions for manufacturing railway wheels will increase wear-resistance, contact fatigue and brittle fracture resistance. Purpose of research. The research suggests methods for the development of steel chemical composition and rational parameters for the class D railway wheels heat treatment (light braking conditions and high loads on axle with increased wear resistance), which will ensure realization of the AAR M-107/M-208 standard requirements. Methodology. In the laboratory, experimental meltings with different content of alloying elements are done. A complex setting consisting of closed type melting unit ICEF-0.01 and high-frequency current source HFTG-20-22 is used. Laboratory steels are subjected to hot plastic deformation and heat treatment in regimes closing to the industrial ones in the manufacture of a railway wheel. The kinetics of austenite decay during continuous cooling at different rates with dilatometric method is investigated. Mechanical properties are determined with standard methods. Results. Experimental steel is made and investigated. Railway wheels from experimental steel of the recommended chemical composition are manufactured. Scientific novelty. The regularities of the austenite decay kinetics at continuous cooling of experimental composition steel: 0.68 % C, 0.49 % Si; 0.7 % Mn; 0.77 % Cr; 0.22 % Ni; 0.069 % Mo; 0.087 % V for class D railway wheels, designed for operation in light braking conditions under high axle loads according to requirements of AAR M-107/M-208 standard are determined. The regularities of change in the austenite decay mechanism in a wide range of cooling rates are determined. Up to 1 °C/s, the austenite decay proceeds with the formation of a completely pearlitic structure. At a cooling rate of 2 °C/s, the structure is 15 % perlite, 25 % bainite, the rest is martensite and residual austenite. At cooling rates ≥ 5 °С/s the structure of martensite and residual austenite is formed. Practical significance. The recommendations for steel chemical composition and thermal strengthening technology of wheels to obtaining a high complex of class D railway wheels mechanical properties according to requirements of AAR M-107/M-208 standard are developed.
INCREASING CORROSION RESISTANCE OF WELDED JOINTS AS A RESULT OF HEAT TREATMENT
Authors: KALININA N.Ye. , NOSOVA T.V. , TSOKUR N.I. , GLUSHKOVA D.B. , KIRICHENKO I.G. , DEMCHENKO S.V.
Published: December 2023

Welded joints with corrosion-resistant steels and heat-resistant alloys, which require different modes of heat treatment to achieve the level of mechanical properties specified in the design documentation, are used for the manufacture parts and assemblies of the rocket engine turbopump unit. Problem statement. In the production of rocket engine parts and components, due to difficulties in supplying materials from EU countries, Ukrainian machine-building enterprises have to substitute semi-finished products. It is necessary to replace sheet metal from high-alloy alloys with one alloy with a high complex of physical and mechanical characteristics. Materials and methodology. Inconel 718 alloy is selected as a substitute for heat-resistant alloys in welded joints with 316L steel. Results. As a result of comparative studies for resistance to intergranular corrosion of welded joints of heat-resistant alloy Inconel 718 with stainless steel after different modes of heat treatment the regime of low-temperature heating during soldering at 950 °С is recommended. Samples of welded joints treated according to the recommended mode showed increased corrosion resistance. Scientific novelty. The sensitivity to intergranular corrosion was found to result from the structural heterogeneity of the grain boundaries and the separation of secondary phases. Practical value. On the basis of experimental researches the mode of heat treatment with heating to 950 ± 10 0С, cooling to 300 0С − with the furnace, further − in air, instead of existing high-temperature heating to 1 200 0С is recommended, that promotes energy saving at welding of alloys.
USE OF SATELLITE GEODESY IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE
Authors: KRASNOSHCHOK S.L. , NIKIFOROVA N.A. , NETESA A.M. , KOSYACHEVSKA S.M.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article. Analyze scientific publications on the use of traditional geodetic equipment and compare with geodetic equipment using GPS technologies. As a basis for comparison, analyze the method of execution and work cost, time spent on field and chamber work. Determination of the efficiency and expediency of using satellite receivers in works related to the creation of a planning and cartographic basis for the territorial plan. Method. To achieve this goal, the experience of the field shooting method, cameral work and data processing was analyzed. During the research, cadastral plan of the area is developed, new technologies in the field of land management, cadastral, geodetic search works and materials of scientific and practical conferences are considered. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional and satellite methods for geodetic measurement are considered. Results. According to the results of the obtained data, a topographic map of the reserve lands area, comparable methods of using geodetic equipment and the estimated works’ cost were constructed. Scientific novelty. The conducted analysis made it possible to determine the advantages of satellite geodesy in the areas of land management, cadastral, and geodetic search works. The obtained result shows the importance of this direction in modern life and practical activity. Practical value. It is explained by the expansion of opportunities for cadastral needs of modern geodetic measurements, which can replace traditional geodetic measurements. With the help of satellite geodesy, it is expedient to create large-scale maps in a shorter period of time, and they also facilitate the acquisition of data from hard-to-reach or inaccessible objects, and objects that require the permission of the land user (owner) to conduct work.
STRENGTHENING OF PIPE-PRESSING TOOLS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CORROSION-RESISTANT PIPES USING CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TREATMENT
Authors: KRIVCHIK L.S. , ROMANOVA N.S.
Published: December 2023

Problem statement. In the production of corrosion-resistant pipes at pipe-pressing plants, the low durability of the pipe tool is a burning issue. High mechanical properties of the tool and its heat resistance (redness resistance) are achieved due to alloying and heat treatment. However, the “traditional” means of increasing wear resistance (hardening with tempering, thermomechanical processing) are almost exhausted. Therefore it is of some interest to develop and correct thermal and chemical-thermal treatment methods in order to increase the wear resistance of the tool. Chemical and thermal treatment is an effective way of changing the surface layer composition for a stamping tool to provide the necessary set of properties for its working surface. This changes the structure and properties of the surface layer and increases the strength, wear and heat resistance of the steel through the formation of carbides, nitrides, borides, etc. that are stable during heating process. Conducting carbonitridation in melts of cyanate salts and carbonates for matrix rings of complex matrices and mandrel needles for pressing pipes on pipe profile presses significantly increases the durability of the tool due to high indicators of surface hardness, fatigue strength by 50…60 % due to the creation of compressive stresses on the surface; improves the surface quality of the tool itself and, as a result, the quality of corrosion-resistant pipes inner surface. Ionic nitriding (compared to furnace nitriding) has the following advantages: it accelerates diffusion processes by 1,5−2 times; allows to get a diffusion layer of adjustable composition and structure; characterized by slight deformations of products and a high class of surface cleanliness. The purpose of the article – to show the expediency of using modern chemical-thermal treatment technologies (carbonitridation, ionic nitriding), which increase the hardness and wear resistance of the tool, which ensures the quality of corrosion-resistant pipes inner surface and reduces the costs of processing the pipes manufacture, as well as the effectiveness of building a mathematical model of the distribution of microhardness in surface layers of the tool after chemical and thermal treatment with the help of applied computer programs “MathCad”, “Excel”. Conclusions. Due to the low durability of the pipe press tool, there was a need to improve the strengthening technologies of the pipe tool, optimize the modes of such technologies, and develop new strengthening methods. Conducting chemical-thermal treatment after hardening and tempering of tool steel Х40CrMoV5-1-1and 30WCrV17-2 (carbonitridation, ion nitriding) significantly increases the operational properties of the tool and its service life by 25…30 %, as well as the quality of its surface, which significantly increases the quality of corrosion-resistant pipes inner surface.
FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GEORADAR SURVEY ON THE SITE LOCATION OF THE CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF THE VIRGIN IN THE VILLAGE MALA PETRIKIVKA, DNIPROPETROVSK REGION
Authors: SEDIN V.L. , ULYANOV V.Yu. , KOVBA V.V. , HORLACH S.M.
Published: December 2023

Problem statement. Ground-penetrating radar tests as a component of territory geophysical investigations are also used in the historical reconstruction − in our case, on the site of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in the village of Mala Petrikyvka (Dnipropetrovsk region). A ground-penetrating radar survey was conducted, preceded by a thorough critical analysis of historical sources. Measurements were done using MALA GPR with operating frequencies of 250 MHz and limited to 800 MHz. The purpose of the article. In order to critically reviewing the historical myth that existed for a long time around this architectural monument of the 18th-19th centuries, it was necessary to uncover underground cavities, as well as to conduct a search for hidden ancient structures both in the areas adjacent to the church building and directly inside the church itself. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research, the features of surface and buried building structures attributed to the dry and moistened loess soils of this territory on GPR profiles were revealed. In areas of moistened loess soil, any objects at working depths at a frequency of 250 MHz were not displayed by the device − due to a high degree of signal attenuation. GPR profiles of this area did not reveal any significant anomalies, which indicate the presence of fairly voluminous linear underground structures, which is confirmed by the survey of the adjacent territory. The conducted investigations can be considered only primary and involve further, more detailed, studies on selected areas, including inside the building itself. Since it was not possible to find information about the previously performed ground-penetrating radar surveys on the territory of the church and the surrounding area, the surveys carried out by PSACEA can be considered the first of their kind. They are especially valuable in view of the fact that a complete restoration of the temple is planned.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE FOR A TRAM COATING SLAB WITH DIFFERENT OPTIONS OF BRACING
Authors: HRYBENYUK S.M.
Published: December 2023

Problem statement. Before implementing the design solution in mass production, additional factors were investigated and analyzed in the work, such as the violation of the standard slab bracing. The purpose of the article − is to continue the research on the use of reinforced concrete slabs as the road surface at tram crossings and overpasses, to analyze the stress-strain state of the road slab used for the installation of ballastless RS tram crossings, in case the nature of its bracing changes. Results. The article analyzes the stress-strain state of tram reinforced concrete slabs used as a road surface on crossings, bridges and overpasses. The calculation for the existing road loads in accordance with the state building codes is conducted. Conclusions about the possibility of using this design solution in mass production were given. Conclusions. Having analyzed the stress-strain state of the structure, positive conclusions can be drawn about its operation capability. The coating slab takes the load from the rolling stock according to the normative documents and does not lose its serviceability. The movements and stresses occurring in the structure do not exceed critical values, which indicate its reliability and the possibility of further improvement before implementation in mass production.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON ON THE STRUCTURE OF ROLLS
Authors: Volchuk V. M. , Kotov M. A. , Shtandenko A. S.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The urgency of forecasting the mechanical properties of cast iron rolls is dictated by the complex periodic technology of their production. The forecast of quality criteria of rolls, as the review of literature sources shows, is possible in the presence of the system approach. The systems approach includes the analysis of the most important parameters influencing mechanical and service indicators of massive rolls. Such parameters certainly include their chemical composition and structure. It is proposed to investigate the influence of carbon on the structure and properties of cast iron rolls using fractal theory. Materials and methods. Varietal rolled cast iron rolls with a pearlitic matrix were studied. The rolls included carbides (up to 25 %) and the inclusion of spherical graphite (up to 2,5 %) due to the addition of magnesium within the experiment from 0.038 to 0.054 %. The following modifiers were used in the manufacture of СШХН rolls: Foundrisil, Elmag-600, Elmag-900, Vl 57 (M), Barinoc, Elgraf. The structure of the rolls was studied at a magnification of 200 times. The results of the experiment. Determination of the fractal dimension of the elements of the structure of cast iron rolls was performed by a patented method, which is based on the determination of cellular and point fractional dimensions. It has been observed that with increasing magnesium content, the fractal dimension of spherical graphite increases to its topological dimension 2. With increasing strength and toughness and decreasing hardness values, the carbon content and fractal dimension of carbides decrease. By comparing the values of the fractal dimension of spherical graphite, carbides in the form of cementite ledeburite eutectic with the values of carbon and mechanical properties (strength, toughness and hardness) obtained regression equations with correlation coefficients R2 = 0,82… 0,94. These equations can be represented in the form of models for predicting the mechanical properties of cast iron rolls СШХН. Conclusions. The value of the results is determined by the established relationships between carbon content, structure and properties of cast iron. Using a fractal approach, linear models for estimating the mechanical properties of СШХН rolls are constructed. The maximum and minimum values of the relative error of the prediction of properties are in the range of values 2,4… 7,8 %.
DEGRADATION OF INCLUSION − MATRIX BOUNDARIES IN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Gubenko S. I. , Parusov E. V. , Chuiko I. M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The aim of the work was to analyze the features of the destruction of the inclusion − matrix interphase boundaries under aggressive influences and in the process of wear as a result of the degradation of their structure. Methods. The samples of steels 08, R7, ShKh15 were tested for low-cycle fatigue in air and in corrosive environments (1…5 % aqueous solution of NaCl and 2…1 % aqueous solution of H2SO4). A test method was used to test the tendency of steels to stress corrosion cracking on an IM-12 installation. Fatigue strength tests were carried out on an NU machine. Samples of steels 08kp, 08Yu, 08GSYuTF, ShKh15, R7, M74 were exposed to holding in an atmosphere of hydrogen for 2 h at of 650 and 1 100 °C, the pressure 5 and 10 MPa. The features of the wear of the rolling surface of railway wheels (steel R7), which have worked for 5 years under a passenger train, have been investigated. Research methods: metallographic ("Neophot-21"), electron microscopic ("JSM-35"), petrographic. Results. The features of the fracture of the interphase inclusion − matrix boundaries under various thermal-deformation and aggressive actions are investigated. The role of inclusion − matrix boundaries in the formation of cracks of fatigue, fatigue-corrosion and hydrogen origin is considered. Scientific novelty. It is shown that under the influence of aggressive media and cyclic stresses, the structure of the inclusion − matrix interphase boundaries degrades, which is associated not only with the accumulation of interfacial stresses, but also with the facilitation of the penetration of surfactant atoms from the environment along these boundaries. As a result, fatigue-corrosion destruction of the inclusion − matrix boundaries occurs, and the effect of an adsorptive decrease in their strength is manifested. Practical significance.  The research results can be useful in the development of methods of targeted influence on non-metallic inclusions and inclusion − matrix boundaries in various types of steel processing and the operation of steel products.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HARDNESS OF CAST IRON ROLLS PERFORMANCE ЛПХ17НМдц
Authors: Mospan A. V.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The technology of manufacturing sheet rolls is complex. The formation of their working layer is influenced by many parameters due to the standard technology of their manufacture. The service properties of rolls and quality of rolled metal largely depend on it. Heat treatment (annealing) is used to improve the properties of the rolls and to minimize residual stresses. Therefore, the study of the impact of heat treatment on the quality of cast iron sheet rolls using non-destructive methods is an urgent task of the metallurgical industry. Materials and methods. The influence of heat treatment on the hardness of cast iron rolls of ЛПХ17НМдц in the working layer (from 0 to 160 mm) was studied. The hardness values in the working layer of the rolls before heat treatment ranged from 47 to 49 HSD. After heat treatment, the hardness values increased significantly and varied from 72 to 75 HSD, which meets the requirements of ТУ У 14-2-1188-97. The metal matrix of the lower treph of the roll before heat treatment consisted of perlite cast iron microalloyed with chromium and nickel, consisting of perlite (81… 85 %), cementite (12…16 %), spherical graphite (2…3 %). After heat treatment, the structure of the bottom of the roll barrel was as follows: Chromium carbides + sorbitol tempering + Austenite ~ 7 %. The results of the experiment. At the initial stage of research with the use of expert evaluation, the analysis of the influence of the chemical composition of the rolls on their mechanical properties was performed using the developed author's software product (Yu.I. Dubrov, V.M. Volchuk, F.V. Kriulin). This is an important stage of research, because the size of the rolls and their chemical composition largely depends on the choice of heat treatment modes. Mathematical models are obtained by comparing the values of hardness at the reference points of the working layer of the roll barrel and the distance from the barrel surface. Mathematical models describe the effect of heat treatment on the hardness of the working layer and have satisfactory correlation coefficients R² = 0,72 (before heat treatment) and R² = 0,87 (after heat treatment). Conclusions. The change in the hardness of the rolls in the working layer before and after heat treatment, which is described by mathematical models using expert estimates, has been studied.
APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANNING METHODS IN EVALUATION OF СТ3ГПС STEEL QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Abakumova К. А.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. Low-carbon low-alloy steels are widely used in construction. Therefore, despite the existence of a significant number of methods and ways to assess their quality criteria, the task of operational forecasting of these criteria is urgent. Difficulties in predicting the quality criteria of metal products from steels lie in the complexity of the technology of their production. If the parameters of the technology deviate from the normative documents, the properties of the material can differ significantly. In this regard, it is proposed to apply the method of experimental planning to estimate the tensile strength of low-carbon steel. Materials and methods. Samples of steel of ordinary quality Ст3Гпс made of a circle with a diameter of 24 mm were studied. The chemical composition of steel and its strength indicators varied within the normative documents in accordance with ГОСТ 380 and ДСТУ 2651. In the state of factory supply, the steel structure was ferritic-pearlitic. The content of the pearlite component, depending on the amount of carbon in the steel ranged from 11,2 to 17,6 %, the remaining fraction fell to ferrite. The results of the experiment. At the first stage of research the analysis of influence of each chemical element of steel on limit of its durability was carried out. To this end, with the help of the program "Expert", implemented on a computer, obtained one-factor models of strength forecast. In the second stage of research, the number of rows was reduced from 32 to 16 by implementing the matrix of experimental planning using the technique of small replicas. This approach significantly reduces the cost of experiments. The obtained multifactor (X1…X5) model for predicting the strength limit of steel St3Gps is adequate according to Fisher's and Cochren's criteria. According to Fisher's criterion, the coefficient of convergence of the results was 1,029 with a critical value of 2,400. The model is also adequate according to the Cochren test of 0,335 with a critical value of 0,547. At the third stage of research, based on the results of the analysis of the coefficients of the multiparameter model, histograms of complex assessment of the influence of chemical composition elements on the strength of steel are constructed. Conclusions. An adequate model for predicting its strength and histograms of the effect of its chemical composition on Ст3Гпс Steel was obtained. It makes sense to use the obtained results for the operational forecast of the strength of low-carbon steels in the state of factory delivery.
Electromagnetic analysis of infinite 2D antenna array with random parameters
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, 125009, Russia, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11, b. 7, Bankov S.E.
Published: December 2023

The method of electromagnetic analysis of infinite two-dimensional antenna array with random parameters is proposed. The method uses compensating sources technique and method of generalized scattering matrix which allow one to analyze infinite non-uniform antenna arrays containing defects of the periodical structure in form of array elements with random parameters. The proposed method takes into account influence of random parameter variation relatively its average value in linear approximation. Expressions for the dispersion of the array parameters are obtained in frame of the proposed method.