bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terapia fotodinâmica como coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico: relato de caso
Authors: Gambin Diego Jose , Signor Lahis , Grando Caroline Pietroski
Published: June 2019

Introdução: a terapia fotodinâmica surgiu na Endodontia como um método de tratamento que utiliza a laserterapia de baixa potência, com ação analgésica, anti-inflamatória e antibacteriana. Objetivo: o presente trabalho visa apresentar e discutir, por meio do relato de um caso de tratamento endodôntico, o uso de terapia fotodinâmica como um aliado contra bactérias persistentes após o preparo químico-mecânico do canal. Relato de caso: paciente com 40 anos de idade, apresentou-se em consultório particular com dor pulsátil, sensível à percussão, com diagnóstico de periodontite apical aguda no dente #22. Após anamnese, exames radiográficos e odontometria, o tratamento endodôntico foi realizado com o sistema ProTaper® Universal (Dentsply), técnica híbrida, irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% e agitação ultrassônica associada; e o elemento foi instrumentado e seco. Então, foi aplicada a terapia fotodinâmica: o corante azul de metileno 0,005% foi aplicado no canal seco durante 5 minutos, seguido de laser vermelho por 180 segundos, totalizando 18J (Laser DUO Portátil-MMO®), com movimentos de apical para incisal. Na sequência, nova irrigação de NaOCl e, então, EDTA 17%, com agitação ultrassônica por um minuto, seguido de NaOCl 2,5%, para se obter a neutralização do meio. Após secagem do canal, a obturação foi realizada com um cone único F3 (ProTaper® Universal) e cimentação com AH Plus®. Conclusão: a terapia fotodinâmica é um método de fácil e rápida aplicação, que surgiu como um coadjuvante ao tratamento endodôntico, sendo indicada para a eliminação de microrganismos persistentes após o preparo químico-mecânico dos canais radiculares.
A General Version of the Nullstellensatz for Arbitrary Fields
Authors: Gallego Edisson , C. Juan D. Vélez , Gómez-Ramírez Danny A. J.
Published: June 2019

We prove a general version of Bezout’s form of the Nullstellensatz for arbitrary fields. The corresponding sufficient and necessary condition only involves the local existence of multi-valued roots for each of the polynomials belonging to the ideal in consideration. Finally, this version implies the standard Nullstellensatz when the coefficient field is algebraically closed.
Análisis marginal y estrategia aplicado a una cooperativa de cogestión en Costa Rica
Authors: Pineda Campos Sergio A. , Hernández Castro Gustavo
Published: June 2019

Son grandes los esfuerzos de los departamentos contables para tener, según la necesidad, los estados financieros periódicos a fin de cumplir con las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF), especialmente, el estado de resultados. Ello cobra vigencia en todo tipo de empresas, aunque con mayor requerimiento en empresas medianas y grandes, o bien en organizaciones diversificadas, en las cuales hay resultados por división, por gerencias, por puntos de venta, por líneas de negocios y categorías de productos, entre otros. El problema de las Cooperativas a resolver es la insuficiente información financiera para la toma de decisiones, especialmente las relacionadas con costos, cadena de valor, operaciones, inversión y financiamiento. El aporte del análisis marginal ha sido bien documentado, no así su visión desde la gerencia estratégica. Este artículo pretende enmarcar el aporte del análisis marginal como un objetivo estratégico del valor del negocio aplicado a una cooperativa de Cogestión de productos cárnicos.
Consideraciones en torno a la relación entre cultura y educación: a propósito de la producción y la reproducción cultural en la escuela
Authors: Solano Alpízar José
Published: June 2019

El presente escrito busca articular las nociones de cultura y escuela haciendo jugar para ello a un grupo de autores y sus respectivos planteamientos. De esta forma el ejercicio que se realiza se construye desde un horizonte teórico en el que se toman como base los planteamientos sobre la cultura "como construcción de significados en contextos variables", "producción cultural", "reproducción cultural", "imposición cultural", "apropiación cultural", "capital cultural", "variabilidad" y "compatibilidad cultural". El mismo se divide en cuatro apartados, con una lógica de construcción según la cual se aborda en el primer apartado la noción de cultura y se hace una caracterización de la misma; en el segundo se realiza una revisión de las principales teorías sobre la reproducción a partir de la idea de "resistencia cultural", en el tercer apartado se analiza el papel de la reproducción cultural y producción cultural, poniendo para ello en contacto los planteamientos de autores como Willis y Ogbu, finalmente el cuarto y último apartado busca precisar algunas observaciones en torno al papel de la escuela en relación con la necesidad de buscar soluciones efectivas respecto a las diferencias culturales, ello a través del esquema de la "compatibilidad cultural".
Educación y desarrollo rural
Authors: Mora Alfaro Jorge , Trimiño Vázquez Pilar
Published: June 2019

Los cambios experimentados por la sociedad contemporánea tienen una expresión particular en las áreas rurales de nuestros países. Se presenta en estos espacios sociales el impacto más relevante de la acelerada integración económica, política y cultural del presente y las consecuencias más notorias de las políticas de la apertura económica adaptadas por las autoridades gubernamentales. Los efectos de estos procesos sociales provocan una modificación sustancial del mundo rural y tienen a ensanchar las brechas existentes en cuanto al desarrollo humano en relación con las áreas urbanas.En Costa Rica, la redefinición de su estrategia de desarrollo se inicia en la década de los años ochenta. Dos decenios más adelante, es un proceso incompleto, sin una ruta claramente trazada y con una incertidumbre creciente ante el futuro por parte de la población. El ajuste estructural de la economía nacional se inicia en los años ochenta y al arribar al año 2000 prevalecen criterios técnicos contrapuestos sobre sus resultados. En este análisis interesa destacar los impactos en el sector rural de las políticas económicas impulsadas en el período 1980-2000 y los cambios en la estructura agraria y las relaciones sociales originadas con los procesos de modernización vividos por la sociedad costarricense a partir de la década de los años cincuenta.
Manejo del aula, competencia básica del maestro líder
Authors: Petty Ray
Published: June 2019

Es necesario establecer dos áreas específicas para llevar a cabo un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje efectivo: la de los contenidos programáticos y la de la naturaleza del quehacer de aula. El autor se concentra en este último aspecto, fundamentado en un enfoque conductual.Se establecen tres componentes para el manejo de aula: (a) Definición de conductas apropiadas e inapropiadas. (b) La forma de llamar la atención de los estudiantes que no cumplen con las expectativas. (c) El desarrollo de un sistema de manejo de conducta.Los docentes que utilizan carteles de normas en sus clases, encontrarán dos ejemplos, en los que descubrirá aciertos y errores. Se resalta la importancia de las "palmaditas positivas" o recompensas y se alerta del peligro de utilizar los castigos en forma indebida.
Gamification of a Procurement Process for Professional Training of Public Servants
Authors: Kornevs Maksims , Baalsrud Hauge Jannicke , Meijer Sebastiaan
Published: June 2019

Implementation and training about changes in a procurement process are complex due to the complexity of the procurement process characterised by the adaptive stakeholder network and continuously changing market rules. Traditional training approaches for procurement split the process into separate steps; however, to be able to assess all training aspects, it is important to have a holistic look at procurement. This work explores how well gamification can address the complexity of the procurement process for training specialists in the road construction sector. A case study is carried out to train new business models for both experienced specialists and new employees. The steps for the development of gamification for training in procurement are shown. A comparison of results from experienced and less experienced participants is presented. The results show the relationships amongst the complexity of the real system, the gamification design and the results of gamification.
Cultivation of Seminavis robusta v1
Authors: Tsypin Lev , Turkewitz Aaron
Published: June 2019

This protocol describes how we grew S. robusta and stored cultures at 4 C. Under these condtiions, the cells grow to a maximum density of 2-2.5 x 106 cells/mL.
Electroporation of Heterosigma akashiwo v3
Authors: Nanjappa and Kathryn Coyne Deepak
Published: June 2019

This protocol was developed for transformationof Heterosigma akashiwo by electroporation. This species does not grow on solid medium, so transformants are grown "in bulk" and should not be considered clonal. We have had limited success with this protocol, which may need to be further optimized.
Glass bead transformation of Heterosigma akashiwo v3
Authors: Nanjappa and Kathryn Coyne Deepak
Published: June 2019

This protocol was developed for the glass bead-mediated transformation ofHeterosigma akashiwo. This species does not grow on solid medium, so transformants are grown "in bulk" and should not be considered clonal. We have repeated this protocol with success and have been able to maintain transformants on selection medium for several months.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PAKET C
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil perubahan motivasi belajar siswa melalui pembelajaran yang diperkaya dengan media audio visual serta dampaknya terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik Paket C setara Kelas X di Desa Inrello Kecamatan Keera Kabupaten Wajo melalui pemanfaatan media audio visual. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dalam melakukan upaya perbaikan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas. Data motivasi dikumpulkan melalui lembar observasi, sedangkan hasil belajar siswa diukur menggunakan tes penguasan konsep. Data penilitian diolah menggunakan statistik deskriptif untuk mengetahui kategori pencapaian motivasi dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada setiap siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik pada setiap siklus pembelajaran sebagai dampak dari meningkatnya motivasi belajar peserta didik. Data hasil belajar peserta didik dimana pada siklus I penggunaan media nilai rata-rata peserta didik berada pada kategori cukup bahkan masih ada pada kategori kurang kemudian dilakukan pada siklus II yang nilai rata-rata peserta didik sudah mulai meningkat berada pada kategori baik dan tidak ada lagi yang berada pada kategori kurang. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media audio visual ini dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik yang berdampak pada meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN MULTILITERASI UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Habibah Rita Siti , Ruhimat Toto , Supriatna Mamat
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan strategi pembelajaran multiliterasi berdasarkan profil berpikir kritis siswa kelas VIII di sekolah Madrasah Tsanawiyah. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode studi analisis deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan merupakan instrumen berpikir kritis hasil pengembangan peneliti berdasarkan pertimbangan ahli. Hasil tes berpikir kritis siswa menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa berada pada kategori cukup kritis artinya bahwa siswa dapat berpikir kritis namun masih belum optimal. Selain dari itu, terdapat juga siswa yang berada pada kategori kritis dan kurang kritis. Pengembangan strategi pembelajaran multiliterasi melalui rumusan hipotetik strategi pembelajaran multiliterasi terdiri dari rasional, deskripsi berpikir kritis, tujuan, asumsi, sintaks strategi pembelajaran multiliterasi serta evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Adapun untuk instrumen berpikir kritis dikembangkan melalui pengkajian definisi konseptual, definisi operasional, kisi-kisi instrumen, pedoman skoring dan penafsiran serta terakhir angket berpikir kritis.
Research and Business Cooperation: International Practice and Siberian Experience
Authors: Kravchenko Nataliya , Yusupova Almira , Kuznetsova Svetlana
Published: June 2019

The paper discusses possibilities and directions for bridging the gaps between academic research and business by reducing barriers and strengthening incentives for the development of partnership interactions between participants of the regional innovation ecosystem. Many researchers from developed and developing countries focus on the problems of interaction between universities and companies in order to find ways to increase academic research effectiveness and make the results relevant to the business sector’s real demand. Development of partnership relations is known to be a factor which accelerates creation and dissemination of innovations. Improvement of such relationship favours academic researchers’ possibilities, educational programs adjustment, and regional economy development. Basing on international experience review, the paper determines the main tendencies and perspectives of research – business cooperation as well as key directions of partnership cooperation support. The empirical part of the paper deals with the results of original pilot survey which uses data from a number of research, educational organizations and high tech companies from Novosibirsk region. The aim of the survey was to analyze success factors and main obstacles for sustainable research – business cooperation. Qualitative methods including case studies, interviews, and surveys were used within the research. It is shown that, although all representatives of science and business recognize the need to develop partnership relationships, differences in motivations and conflicting goals of participants still remain. Besides well known barriers (lack of financial and other resources, personnel etc.) some other factors turned to be important. Low level of confidence and negative cooperation experience impede cooperation development. Personal issues and previous successful experience help to develop and improve partnerships. Such cases could be found. State support (especially at the regional level) is quite necessary; it is not limited to financial instruments. Support of communications which helps to increase the level of confidence and to decrease “attrition costs” of cooperation is also of great importance
Gelişmekte Olan Piyasa Ekonomilerinin İhracat Performansının Bulanık AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: IŞIK Nihat , ENGELOĞLU Özgür , KARAOĞLAN Serhat
Published: June 2019

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Bu çalışmada, yükselen piyasa ekonomisi ülkelerinin 2013 yılı ihracat performansı bulanık AHP ve TOPSIS yöntemleri ile ölçülmüş ve analize dâhil olan 22 ülke performanslarına göre sıralanmıştır. AHP yöntemi ile uzman görüşleri alınarak yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda belirlenen ağırlıklara göre, en önemli gösterge olarak yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinin ihracatı (HTECH) ön plana çıkmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucunda, HTECH göstergesi en yüksek ülke olan Filipinler belirlenen ağırlıkların da etkisiyle 2013 yılı itibarıyla ihracat performansı en iyi ülke olmuştur. Yine HTECH göstergesi en yüksek 6 ülke aynı zamanda ihracat performansı en iyi 6 ülke olarak sıralanmıştır. 

Çalışmada Türkiye’nin ise 22 ülke arasında 17. sırada yer aldığı gözlemlenmektedir. 7 göstergenin 6’sında ilk 16 ülke arasında yer alan Türkiye’nin sıralamada bu kadar gerilerde kalmasının başlıca sebebi, en önemli gösterge olarak belirlenen HTECH göstergesinde 20. sırada yer almasıdır. Buna göre, Türkiye’nin ihracat performansının artmasında HTECH ürünlerinin ihracattaki payını artırmaya dönük politikalar uygulanması oldukça önemli olacaktır. 
Akademisyenlerin Yabancı Dil Bilgisi Seviye Tespit Sınavı’nın (YDS) Geçerliğiyle İlgili Tutumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: POLAT Murat
Published: June 2019

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Minion Pro'; min-height: 14.0px} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: justify; line-height: 10.1px; font: 10.0px 'Minion Pro'; color: #2d2829} span.s1 {font: 12.0px 'Minion Pro'; color: #000000} Türkiye’de 2013 yılı itibariyle yabancı dil seviyesi ölçme ve değerlendirmesinde kullanılan Yabancı Dilbilgisi Seviye Tespit Sınavı (YDS) içeriğiyle ilgili akademisyenlerin tutumlarının belirlenmesi, sınava dair fikirlerinin alınması ve sınavın güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin ortaya konulması yabancı dil eğitimiyle ilgilenen tüm paydaşlar için yararlı olacaktır. 2015-2016 yılları arasında yapılan bu çalışmada akademisyenlerin YDS konusundaki tutumlarını belirlemede kullanılmak üzere YDS’nin geçerliğiyle ilgili 12 maddeden oluşan bir ölçek geliştirilmiş, sonrasında yapılan pilot uygulamada ölçeğin açıklayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış ve ölçeğin güvenilirlik ve geçerlik gibi psikometrik özellikleri incelenmiştir. 3 alt boyutu bulunan ve güvenilir bir veri toplama aracı olduğu kanıtlanan bu ölçekle 84 devlet üniversitesinde çalışan 2687 akademisyenden sınavın geçerliğiyle ilgili görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırmada YDS’nin geçerliği ilgili akademisyenlerin olumlu görüşlere sahip olmadıkları, YDS’nin yabancı dil ölçmede yazma, dinleme ve konuşma soruları içermediğinden bir dil sınavı olarak gerçek anlamda yeterli görülmediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcı akademisyenlerin görüşlerinin cinsiyet ve medeni durum gibi bağımsız değişkenler dikkate alındığında anlamlı farklılıklar göstermezken, katılımcıların sınavdan aldıkları puanlar, sınava giriş amaçları ve taşıdıkları akademik unvanlar dikkate alındığında anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir (p<.05). 
Türkiye’de Malvarlığına Karşı İşlenen Suçların Mekansal Bağımlılığı
Authors: DÜNDAR Özlem , KESBİÇ C. Yenal
Published: June 2019

Suç, insanlık tarihi boyunca her zaman var olmuş ve toplumsal düzeni olumsuz yönde etkilemiştir. Bu nedenle suça yol açan faktörler, suç bilimcilerce araştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise, suçun ekonomik boyutu araştırılmaktadır. İşsizlik, ücret, enflasyon, kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ve gelir dağılımındaki adaletsizlik gibi birçok makroekonomik değişkenin çoğunlukla ekonomik nedenlerle işlenen malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçlara etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin ikinci düzey istatistiki bölge birimleri (İBBS2) sınıflandırma şekli temel alınarak, işsizlik ile malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçlar arasındaki ilişkinin mekansal bağımlılığının, 2008-2014 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak, mekansal panel veri analiziyle, belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analizde Hausman testi sonuçları, sabit etkili mekansal panel modelinin çalışma için en uygun model olduğunu gösterirken, olabilirlik oran testi sonuçları da, mekânsal otoregresif (mekansal gecikmeli) modelin çalışma için en uygun model olduğunu göstermiştir. Mekansal otoregresif model ile ulaşılan ampirik bulgular, sınır komşuları olan bölgeler arasında pozitif yönlü mekansal bağımlılığın olduğunu, sınır komşuluğunun malvarlığına karşı işlenen suç türlerini arttırdığı, ayrıca malvarlığına karşı işlenen suçlar üzerinde işsizliğin pozitif yönlü etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir.
Propagandanın Filmi: Yeşil Bereliler
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Serkan , ALTAY Sezen
Published: June 2019

Propaganda kitleleri ikna etme ve yönlendirme amacı taşıyan yöntemlerin tümünü ifade etmekte

ve bu amaçla kullanılan kitle iletişim araçları birer propaganda aracı olarak 􀀀abul edilmektedir.

Toplumların arasındaki iletişimin artması ile birlikte belirli kimse ya da çevrelerin insanları

yönetme, hükmetme arzusu farklı propaganda yöntemlerinin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuş ve

bu bağlamda geniş kitlelere hitap eden ve insanlar arasında bir eğlence aracı olarak g.rülen

sinema sanatından faydalanmışlardır. Ortaya çıktığı günden bugüne kadar farklı ideolojik ve

politik hedefler doğrultusunda propaganda aracı olarak kullanılan sinemanın en önemli

temsilcilerinden birisi Hollywood sinemasıdır. Özellikle filmleriyle savaş dönemlerinde kendinden

söz ettiren Hollywood sineması bu şekilde kitleler üzerinde siyasi, askeri ve kültürel propaganda

faaliyetlerine devam etmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı literatür taraması ve içerik analizi ile elde

edilen propaganda kavramıyla ilgili bilgiler ışığında ‘Yeşil Bereliler’ filmi örnek gösterilerek

Hollywood sinemasının bir propaganda aracı olarak kullanıldığını ve sinemanın toplum

üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.
THERMO-ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF PERFORMANCE OF ERICSSON ENGINE IMPLEMENTING AN EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM
Authors: AHMADİ Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2019

This paper makes attempt to optimize a
high-temperature differential Ericsson engine with several conditions. A
mathematical approach based on the finite-time thermodynamic was proposed with
the purpose of gaining thermal efficiency, the output power and the entropy
generation rate throughout the Ericsson system with regenerative heat loss,
finite rate of heat transfer, finite regeneration process time and conductive
thermal bridging loss. In this study, an irreversible Ericsson engine is
analyzed thermodynamically in order to optimize its performance. In addition,
three Scenarios in multi-objective optimization are presented and the results
of them are assessed individually. The first strategy is proposed to maximize
the Ecological function, the thermal efficiency and the Exergetic performance
criteria. Furthermore, the second strategy is suggested to maximize the
Ecological function, the thermal efficiency and Ecological coefficient of
performance. The third strategy is proposed to maximize the Ecological function
and the thermal efficiency and Dimensionless ecological based
thermo-environmental function. 
Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms based on NSGA-II algorithm was
applied to the aforementioned system for calculating the optimum values of
decision variables. Decision variables considered in this paper including the
regenerator’s effectiveness, the high-temperature heat exchanger’s
effectiveness, the low-temperature heat exchanger’s effectiveness, the working
fluid temperature in the low-temperature isothermal process and the working
fluid temperature in the high-temperature isothermal process. Moreover, Pareto
optimal frontier was achieved and an ultimate optimum answer was chosen via
three competent decision makers comprising LINMAP, fuzzy Bellman-Zadeh, and
TOPSIS approaches. The results from scenarios shown that third scenario is the
best scenario.
Assessment of knowledge and attitude towards alternative to animal experimentation in research and education among interns and post graduate medical students in a teaching hospital, Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Sivagami P. , Kavitha R.
Published: June 2019

Background: Use of animals for various purposes like food, transportation, pets, sports, recreation and companionship is as old as the human beings itself. Animals also serve as a tool for education, research, medical procedures, toxicological screening, for several decades. Since pain, distress and death of animals occur commonly during scientific experiments, various guidelines have been proposed and posed many restrictions over the experimental use of animals.To assess the knowledge and attitude towards alternative to animal experimentation in research and education among interns and postgraduate medical students in a teaching hospital.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out by self-administered questionnaire among interns (92) and postgraduate medical students (53) in a teaching hospital in July 2018. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics and expressed in percentage.Results: Among 145 participants, interns 92 (63.4%), postgraduates 53 (36.6%). 70.2% interns and 68.8% postgraduates had adequate knowledge about alternative animal experimentation and 67% and 67.1% of interns and postgraduates had knowledge about animal experiments. 69.4% interns and 68.8% postgraduates had positive attitude towards alternative animal experimentation.83.8% interns and 70.9% postgraduates were agreed to have various barriers to alternative animal experimentation.Conclusions: Majority of interns and postgraduates have appreciable knowledge of alternative to animal experimentation, but their attitude is scarce. It is imperative to incorporate continuous training through workshops for budding medical professionals to provide innovative scientific knowledge in research and education towards alternative to animal experimentation.
A study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Origanum vulgare in mice using hot plate method
Authors: Raveendran Siddhi , Tilak A. V. , Yadav Shraddha , Das Sayan , Madrewar Vishwadeep , Kulkarni Vishwanath
Published: June 2019

Background: The International Association for Study of pain, has defined pain as actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. But the burden of unwanted side effects with current regimens are high. To explore the potential of Ayurveda drugs, this study is done by using Origanum vulgare.Methods: In vivo model used-Hot plate method. Origanum vulgare (84 mg/kg p.o) was administered in mice. The analgesic activity was studied by recording the reaction time after administration of the drug at frequent intervals up to 3 hrs. The results were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. P value <0.05 was considered as significant. Pentazocine showed statistically prolongation in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare.Results: In hot plate method, pentazocine showed statistically significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. However, Origanum vulgare in a dose of 84 mg/kg showed significantly increase in the reaction time after 30 min of administration as compared to control group. On comparing pentazocine and Origanum vulgare, pentazocine showed highly significant increase in the reaction time after 30 min as compared to Origanum vulgare at 84 mg/kg dose.Conclusions: From the present study, it was concluded that extract of Origanum vulgare exerted analgesic activity in both the models. However, it was less potent than pentazocine. Thus, Origanum vulgare can be used in mild to moderate painful conditions.
Analysis of price variation of some commonly used antibacterial agents
Authors: Srivastava Rohan , Kantharia Naresh D.
Published: June 2019

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem. Resistance may develop due to irrational use including poor patient compliance due to prescription of expensive drugs. In present study, the variation in the price of commonly used antibacterial was analysed.Methods: The price of commonly used antibacterial agents listed in recent issues of CIMS and MIMS was analysed in respect of number of brands available, price range (10 tablets or capsules) and 1 ampoule or vial (parenteral preparation) i.e. minimum, maximum and average price and price ratio (maximum/minimum). FDCs and formulation with only 1-2 brands were excluded.Results: The number of brands of oral antibacterial agents varied from 3 (faropenem 200 mg) to 90 (azithromycin 500 mg). The maximum price variation amongst different brands was 21.64 for levofloxacin 500 mg followed by 14.28 and 11.26 for linezolid 600 mg and moxifloxacin 400 mg respectively. For parenteral preparations, the number of brands varied from 2 (gentamicin 80 mg) to 57 (ceftriaxone 1 g). The maximum price variation was 5.05 for meropenem 1 g followed by 3.69 and 2.63 for meropenem 500 mg and ceftriaxone 1 g respectively.Conclusions: A very wide price variation was observed amongst different brands of both oral and parenteral formulations of antibacterial agents. Prescribing expensive brands may lead to resistance due to poor patient compliance.
Assessment of antioxidant activity of Ocimum sanctum in healing of thermal burn wound with and without supportive treatment of silver sulfadiazine in rabbits
Authors: Gupta Vaibhav K.
Published: June 2019

Background: Burns remain a major public health issue all over the world, especially in developing countries. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of infection and death in patients with severe burns.  So, there is a need to develop drugs which will decrease complications and prevent infections more effectively than the presently used drugs.Methods: Ocimum sanctum, ointment silver sulfadiazine and 24 Rabbits were used in this study. Animals were acclimatized and divided randomly into 04 groups of 06 animals each. After producing partial thickness burn wound ointment silver sulfadiazine was applied daily on the burn wound and Ocimum sanctum was administered orally once daily. Healing was assessed by wound contraction and Oxidative stress and Antioxidant Activity were measured by Malondialdehyde and Superoxide dismutase respectively. Results were analysed by student’s ‘t’ test, one way ANOVA followed by Dennett’s test. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: At the end of treatment (After 28th Day) Group treated with ointment silver sulfadiazine+Ocimum sanctum showed  maximum Percentage of wound contraction (93.17±4.34), maximum decrease of MDA percentage (0.30±0.02 nmol/ml) and maximum increase of SOD percentage (0.0045±0.0002 IU/gm of Hb).Conclusions: Most effective treatment for burn wound healing in this study was ointment silver sulfadiazine+Ocimum sanctum.
Perception and practice of self-medication amongst second year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Pednekar Amullya C. , Bhandare Padma N. , Kerkar Shantadurga S.
Published: June 2019

Background: Management of medical ailments requires sound knowledge of diseases and drugs. Medical students are more likely to practice self-medication due to easy access to information. Inappropriate and inadequate treatment can lead to morbidity and mortality. Thus, the current study was carried out to understand the perception and practice of self-medication in medical students so that habit of ethical practice can be inculcated in them.Methods: A self-developed and prevalidated questionnaire was distributed amongst 145 students of second MBBS after approval from Institutional ethics Committee. Data was collected; analysed using MS Excel and the results were expressed as counts and percentages.Results: In this study authors noted 136 (93.79%) out of the 145 students practised self-medication. The commonest reason being effectiveness of medications for similar conditions in the past 92 (69.17%). 111 (81.61%) students reported fever as the most common indication. Analgesics/anti-pyretics 117 (86.02%) were the most frequently used drug groups. Majority 87 (63.97%) obtained information from friends and relatives. Adverse effects of self-medication were noted in 20 (14.70%).Conclusions: This study indicates higher prevalence of self-medication in medical students of Goa. Students can be sensitised and made aware about possible adverse effects and drug interactions with self-medication and how simple looking illness may take an ugly turn. Students being future doctors will continue this chain of spread of awareness of self-medication. Easy access to healthcare can also solve these problems.
Pattern of anti-diabetic drugs prescribed for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a tertiary care hospital of India: an observational study
Authors: Kapur Ajita , Rehan Harmeet Singh , Gupta Lalit Kumar , Yadav Madhur
Published: June 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Evaluation of anti-diabetic drug use pattern guides the healthcare professionals to identify early signals of irrational prescribing and to plan interventions to optimize the benefits of pharmacotherapy.Methods: Observational descriptive study was conducted on 500 prescriptions of T2DM patients collected from Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Prescriptions were analysed for type, number, generic/brand names, fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of anti-diabetic drugs and anti-diabetic drugs prescribed from within National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2015.Results: Average number of anti-diabetic drugs per prescription was 2.5. Of these 49% were from within NLEM and only 39% were prescribed by their generic names. Among all the anti-diabetic groups of drugs used, biguanide (32.85%) was the most frequently prescribed followed by insulins (25.4%) and DPP-4 inhibitors (13.75%). Combined drug therapy was more prevalent than monotherapy (70% versus 30%). Metformin+sitagliptin and metformin+linagliptin were most commonly prescribed fixed dose combinations.Conclusions: Recent trend of anti-diabetic drug use included newer anti-diabetic drugs in combination with metformin to achieve better euglycemia and to minimize complications of T2DM.
Retrospective study of enormity of cancer in a tertiary care centre in Punjab, India
Authors: Randhawa Mandeep , Pannu Jiteshwar Singh , Kaur Inderpal , Singh Jasmeet , Grover Inderpal Singh
Published: June 2019

Background: Cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells with potential of local invasion and distant metastasis. The risk of developing cancer is affected by important demographic and geographic factors in addition to specific risk factors associated with individual cancers. Cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells with potential of local invasion and distant metastasis. The risk of developing cancer is affected by important demographic and geographic factors in addition to specific risk factors associated with individual cancers.Methods: This was a retrospective and an observational study comprising of 142 histopathologically diagnosed cases of cancer . Study was carried out in the department of Pathology using retrospective data of the year 2017 from January till December.  Hematological malignancies were not included.Results: At the end of study highest incidence of GIT and oral cancer was observed in 35.2% samples followed by cancer breast 28.1% and uterus and adnexa in 15.4%. In 6% and 4.2% of biopsies cancer of skin and soft tissues and prostate was verified respectively.  Very few cases of thyroid, renal, lymphnode and bladder cancers were observed in the present study.Conclusions: Awareness and screening programs regarding risk factors of cancer and its early diagnosis along with stringent action by the Government to restrict the use of pesticides is the need of the hour to control cancer in Punjab.
Lateral column lengthening augmented by medial split tibialis posterior tendon advancement for the treatment of symptomatic flexible flatfeet
Authors: Ahmed Amin Abdelrazek Youssef , Michael Mina
Published: June 2019

Background: Management of Idiopathic flexible pes planus (IFPP) is debatable. Surgery is rarely indicated for flexible flatfoot. The goal of the surgery should be always to treat symptomatic patients and not to alter the shape of the foot. There are numerous options for surgical treatment in children and adolescents including subtalar arthroereisis or osteotomy with or without soft tissue procedures.

Methods: Between June 2013 to December 2017, twenty eight feet in sixteen patients (9 boys, 7 girls) were included in this study. Twelve cases were operated bilaterally, three in the right foot and one in the left side. The mean age of the patients was 8.36±1.704 years (6-12 years). Calcaneal lengthening osteotomy was done with an oscillating saw about 1.5 cm proximal to the calcaneocuboid joint. Usually, 8-10 mm autologous bone graft from iliac crest was sufficient and fixed by K wires. Half of the tibialis posterior tendon after splitting with a periosteal flap from the navicular was then advanced distally until clinical restoration of the medial arch was then performed.

Results: Radiographic analysis revealed significant improvements in talo-first metatarsal, calcaneal pitch, talocalcaneal angles in lateral radiographs, and talo-first metatarsal and talonavicular coverage angles in AP radiographs. All patients were evaluated at final follow-up visits. Preoperative mean AOFAS score increased significantly from 64.04±8.867 (range: 50 to75) to 94.11±3.765 (90-100).

Conclusions: It is concluded that Evans calcaneal lengthening osteotomy augmented by spilt tibialis posterior tendon advancement is an excellent procedure in the management of IFPP.
CONTROLE INADVERTIDO PELA LOCALIZAÇÃO EM TAREFAS DE MATCHING-TO-SAMPLE COM INDIVÍDUOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA
Authors: Da Hora Cássia Leal , Debert Paula , Lafrance Danielle L. , Miguel Caio F.
Published: June 2019

Estudos com sujeitos não humanos mostraram que o estabelecimento de controle inadvertido pela localização pode prejudicar a aquisição de relações condicionais em procedimentos de matching-to-sample (MTS). O objetivo do Experimento 1 foi verificar se esse fenômeno ocorreria com indivíduos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em sessões de treino com MTS sem procedimentos adicionais que pudessem favorecer a aquisição, tais como procedimentos de esvanecimento, dicas e correção. Todos os três participantes mostraram controle pela localização mesmo depois de completar um mínimo de 50 sessões de treino com MTS arbitrário com dois estímulos de comparação. Um segundo estudo foi realizado para verificar se o controle pela localização ocorreria durante o procedimento MTS usando três estímulos comparação. Dezesseis participantes completaram duas sessões de treino. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que 13 desses participantes exibiram controle pela localização no início do treino. Em conjunto, os resultados de ambos os experimentos indicam que o controle pela localização pode prejudicar a aquisição de relações condicionais em indivíduos com TEA, utilizando procedimentos MTS, sem procedimentos adicionais de aprendizagem sem erro, como apresentação ou esvanecimento de dicas.Palavras-chave: controle por localização, matching-to-sample, discriminação condicional, Transtorno do Espectro Autista.
UMA ANÁLISE DO CONCEITO DE “EU” NOS TEXTOS DE B. F. SKINNER
Authors: Malacrida Gabriela Pires , Laurenti Carolina
Published: June 2019

O projeto científico de psicologia de Skinner, pautado na filosofia do Behaviorismo Radical, surge em oposição às psicologias centradas no conceito de eu iniciador. Entretanto, as objeções do autor não parecem implicar no abandono do conceito em sua obra. O objetivo deste artigo é explicitar algumas acepções da noção de “eu” circunscritas ao texto skinneriano, que não se restringem às suas críticas à ideia de eu iniciador. O “eu” é entendido como um repertório verbal que descreve as condições corporais e o comportamento do próprio indivíduo, sendo construído em contingências sociais, por meio de questionamentos feitos pelos membros da comunidade verbal, que permitiram ao indivíduo voltar-se para si mesmo. Assim, no Behaviorismo Radical a noção de “si próprio” só pode ser entendida no âmbito de contingências sociais verbais, não havendo, portanto, um “eu” preexistente ao comportamento verbal. O “eu” também pode ser definido como comportamento verbal complexo, caracterizado por uma série de outros repertórios verbais (auto-observação, autodescrição, autoconhecimento, autocontrole, autogoverno, autoedição) que ajudam a criar e a manter a noção de si mesmo. À medida que se avança para a descrição desses diferentes repertórios comportamentais que definem o “eu”, verifica-se um “eu” cada vez mais ativo, sem que essa atividade seja esclarecida pela noção de agente iniciador. Em suma, não há uma cisão entre “eu” e comportamento no Behaviorismo Radical; por conseguinte, as noções geralmente atribuídas ao eu iniciador (e.g., consciência, autoestima, pensamento) podem ser esclarecidas em termos do exame do comportamento e de contingências sociais verbais.Palavras-chave: eu; eu iniciador; Behaviorismo Radical; comportamento verbal; atividade
Predisposición unilateral de cláusulas contractuales y protección del contratante por adhesión: un ejemplo en el derecho romano clásico
Authors: Cassarino Alessandro
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza algunas fuentes del derecho romano en materia de cláusulas en los contratos de arrendamiento de almacenes destinados a actividades comerciales. El problema principal es el de la prevalencia entre la cláusula de exoneración de responsabilidad prevista en las condiciones generales y su modificación por la tolerancia del administrador de los almacenes frente al depósito de objetos de valor.
Desarrollos recientes sobre daños punitivos en el derecho continental, en el Common Law, en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y en el derecho internacional
Authors: García-Matamoros Laura Victoria , Arévalo-Ramírez Walter
Published: June 2019

Este artículo busca dar cuenta de la evolución en la aplicación de la figura de los daños punitivos, tanto en los países del derecho continental, en los cuales se puede identificar una tendencia a considerar la posibilidad de incorporar esta forma de apreciar los daños en temas como la protección de los consumidores, medio ambiente o derechos humanos, y a su vez, la tendencia en el common law norteamericano a establecer límites a las sanciones, por considerarlas en muchos casos excesivas y desproporcionadas, discusión en la que ha entrado el Sistema Interamericano de Protección de los Derechos Humanos.
Protección de mecánicas de videojuegos mediante la patentabilidad del software
Authors: Herrera González Héctor Camilo
Published: June 2019

Los videojuegos constituyen una de las industrias más importantes del mundo. Actualmente, combinan una amplia gama de elementos creativos, industriales y tecnológicos por lo que se puede definir los videojuegos como creaciones complejas que logran incorporar múltiples creaciones del intelecto humano. Sin embargo, muchos profesionales han asumido que el sistema de derechos de autor es el único que se aplica en el caso de la protección legal de los sistemas a través de los cuales los jugadores interactúan con un juego, denominados como “mecánicas de videojuegos”. Esta posición deja de lado otras opciones que podrían ofrecer sus propios beneficios e incluso evitar las lagunas legales que existen en la actualidad. Este documento explora la posibilidad del uso del sistema de patentes, con sus propias limitaciones, para proteger dichas mecánicas de videojuegos.
Los Recursos psicológicos emergentes, a partir de una propuesta lúdica en niños en riesgo psicosocial
Authors: Villalobos Valencia María Eugenia , Toro Melo Lina Jisseth
Published: June 2019

Estudio exploratorio desde una perspectiva clínico - psicológica con una población de 35 niños entre 5 y 12 años en riesgo psicosocial de un barrio del distrito de Aguablanca, en Cali.  Los Maestros y la comunidad consideran que el entorno en el que se encuentra esta población reviste características socioafectivas complejas al pertenecer a un contexto con condiciones de violencia, maltrato, drogadicción, embarazos adolescentes, entre otros. Encontrando niños con comportamientos agresivos o con dificultades en sus procesos de aprendizaje escolar y ante los cuales, los maestros y comunidad no encuentran estrategias eficaces para propiciarles  condiciones que les permitan enfrentar el medio escolar. El objetivo de la investigación se basó en explorar los recursos psicológicos que pueden aflorar en niños en riesgo psicosocial, al participar de una propuesta lúdica, vinculada a valores de vida cultural de una comunidad. Se encontró que esta propuesta propició que los recursos psicológicos emergieran mostrando cambios en el comportamiento y las formas de actuar de los niños involucrados.
Fotografía, entrenamiento emocional y discapacidad intelectual: “Estudio sobre la mejoría que causa el implementar talleres de fotografía en el reconocimiento emocional en personas con discapacidad intelectual”
Authors: Parra César Guillermo , Chávez Juan Fernando , Parra César , Mosquera David , Manosalvas Carolina
Published: June 2019

El presente estudio busca explorar el reconocimiento de emociones en personas con discapacidad intelectual. El reconocimiento de emociones es importante para una correcta interacción social. Haciendo que la estimulación y desarrollo de estas habilidades sea indispensable para generar vínculos nuevos, comprender el medio en el cual se encuentra el sujeto y la adquisición de un conocimiento positivo gracias al aprendizaje social. En esta investigación se empleó la fotografía como un medio de expresión y de mejoramiento de habilidades cognitivas y sociales. Evaluando mediante un test previamente creado para población ecuatoriana. El estudio intenta comprobar si: a. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual presentan mayores problemas en el reconocimiento de emociones que población general, y: b. Aprender fotografía mejora el reconocimiento de emociones en personas con discapacidad intelectual. Como principales resultados tenemos que: a. Existe diferencia significativa (X2= 37.29 P < 0,000) entre grupo control y personas con discapacidad intelectual para reconocer emociones. b. Hay una mejoría, concluyendo que la fotografía es una herramienta alternativa para estimular el reconocimiento emociones en discapacidad intelectual.
LISTENING STRATEGY: A LINK BETWEEN GENDER AND STUDENT’S ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Hidayanti Ika , Umamah Atik
Published: June 2019

The recent study is investigating 1) the significant difference on the use of learning strategy by male and female students in listening, and 2) the correlation between the learning strategy use and two aspects of gender and listening proficiency. The questionnaire was directed to 140 university students to answer a-85 item of learning strategy. The t-test and correlation analysis were used to analyse the research problems. The first finding reveals that female students did not deploy the strategies significantly different from the male counterparts. The later result reports that there was no correlation between listening strategy and two factors ofgender and the students’ listening achievement.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF ESTAFET WRITING GAME AND PICTURE BASED-CREATIVE WRITING TO NURTURE LOVE OF WRITING
Authors: Intanti Erna
Published: June 2019

To create a quality education, mainly on EFL instruction, the EFL teachers need to be empowered with improving their teaching quality. The students, on the other hand, should also be actively engaged during the instructional activities. Due to the fact that love of “writing” as one of the language skills is not yet established among the EFL university students, the effort of finding out an innovative way of helping them to establish love of creative writing is a must. One of the ways is collaborative writing through Estafet Writing Game and Picture-Based-Creative Writing strategies. Thus, this article aims at describing the students’ voices on the use of those strategies to establish love of creative writing. The study conducted through a reflective questionnaire survey to 165 EFL university students reveals that most of the respondents prefer Estafet Writing Game to Picture-Based Creative Writing in terms of its effectiveness to build their creativity and spontaneity of writing skills. To sum up, these strategies are pedagogically meaningful to improve the EFL students’ creative writing, because they can collaborate with their peers and promote their cooperative communication. Therefore, it is useful to establish love of writing and to stimulate their ideas for writing.