bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Genetics Risk Score (GRS) and Plant-Based Diet on factors Atherogenic and body adiposity indexes among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hajmir Mahya Mehri , Mirzababaei Atieh , Abaj Faezeh , Aali Yasaman , Samadi Mahsa , Mirzaei Khadijeh
Published: July 2024

Background:
The association between plant-based foods with obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their novel predictive biomarkers considering genetic predisposition remains uncertain. Given that diet is a significant and modifiable risk factor, we sought to investigate the interactions between plant-based diet and genetic susceptibility with atherogenic factors, and visceral and body adiposity indices in Iranian women.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 377 obese and overweight women, aged 18–48 from Iran. Using standard protocols, anthropometric indices, body composition, physical activity, and serum profiles were measured. A validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to create three plant-based diets including the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on the risk alleles of the three BMI-related SNPs. The interaction between GRS and PDI was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM).
Result
There was a negative significant interaction between tertile 2 of PDI and moderate risk allele and high-risk alleles with AIP, TGy, LAP, and VAI compared to the low-risk allele (P-value < 0.05). There was a negative borderline significant interaction between tertile 2 of hPDI and moderate risk allele (P-value = 0.05) with ABSI compared to low-risk allele participants. There was a positive significant interaction between tertile 2 of uPDI and moderate risk allele with CRI.I (P-value = 0.03), CRI.II (P-value = 0.03) compared to low-risk allele participants. Also, there was a positive significant interaction between tertile 3 of uPDI and high-risk allele with ABSI (P-value = 0.02) compared to low-risk allele participants.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence that interaction between PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with GSR is associated with atherogenic index and body composition. Prospective and interventional studies in different populations and ethnicities need to be conducted to further the knowledge about examining the interaction between PDI, hPDI, and uPDI with GSR are associated with atherogenic index and body composition.
Calibrated CAR Signaling Enables Low-Dose Therapy in Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Park Jae , Palomba M.Lia , Perica Karlo , Devlin Sean , Shah Gunjan , Dahi Parastoo , Lin Richard , Salles Gilles , Scordo Michael , Nath Karthik , Valtis Yannis , Lynch Alec , Cathcart Elizabeth , Zhang Honglei , Schöder Heiko , Leithner Doris , Liotta Kelly , Yu Alina , Stocker Kelsey , Li Jia , Dey Agnish , Sellner Leopold , Singh Reshma , Sundaresan Varsha , Zhao Faye , Mansilla-Soto Jorge , He Changhao , Meyerson Joel , Hosszu Kinga , McAvoy Devin , Wang Xiuyan , Riviere Isabelle , Sadelain Michel
Published: July 2024

We designed a CD19-targeted CAR comprising a calibrated signaling module, termed 1XX, that differs from that of conventional CD28/CD3z and 4-1BB/CD3z CARs. Here we report the first-in-human, phase 1 clinical trial of 19(T2)28z-1XX CAR T cells in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma. We hypothesized that 1XX CAR T cells may be effective at low doses and investigated 4 doubling dose levels starting from 25x106 CAR T cells. The overall response rate (ORR) was 82% and complete response (CR) rate 71% in the entire cohort (n=28) and 88% ORR and 75% CR in 16 patients treated at 25x106. With the median follow‐up of 24 months, the 1-year EFS was 61% (95% CI: 45-82%). Overall, grade ≥3 CRS and ICANS rates were low at 4% and 7%. The calibrated potency of the 1XX CAR affords excellent efficacy at low cell doses and may benefit the treatment of other hematological malignancies, solid tumors and autoimmunity.
Identification of prognostic gene markers for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: sharma kirti
Published: July 2024

Background:
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the frequently occurring malignant tumor in colon and rectum with high mortality rate. The signaling pathway involved in CRC and CRC driven genes are largely unknown.
Methods
To identify the gene signatures which help in early diagnosis of CRC, we downloaded three datasets (GSE24514, GSE8671 and GSE21510) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted using DAVID database. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and cytoscape software. These hub genes were verified by survival analysis using GEPIA database.
Results
A total of 120 DEGs were identified including (75 upregulated genes and 45 downregulated genes). Seven modules were identified from protein –protein interaction network using MCODE plug in tool of cytoscape, only three Modules (1, 2 and 3) selected with score ≥ 5 and node ≥ 10. Module 1 contained downregulated genes and Module 2 and 3 contained upregulated genes. Hub genes identified from Module 1 with connectivity score ≥ 16 included CDK1, CCNB1, FOXM1, RRM2, MAD2L1, NEK2, MCM4 and PBK. Out of 8 genes examined, only 3 exhibited significant correlations with overall survival among CRC patients (p > 0.05). MAD2L1, MCM4, and PBK demonstrated relatively lower expression levels of these genes were correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Hub genes from Modules 2 and 3 (connectivity score ≥ 6) included MYL9, CNN1, MYH11, MYLK, TAGLN, GUCA2A, GUCA2B, ZG16 and SLC26A3. Survival analysis indicated that higher expression of MYL9, CNN1 and TAGLN correlated with poor prognosis, while lower expression of ZG16 and SLC26A3 was linked to poorer outcomes in CRC patients (p < 0.05). These eight hub genes, believed to promote tumor activity, are promising candidates for new CRC therapeutic targets.
Conclusion
Eight hub DEGs (MAD2L1, MCM4, PBK, MYL9, CNN1, TAGLN, ZG16 and SLC26A3) were identified, to be strongly correlated with the overall survival of patients with CRC based on GEO and GEPIA data. These eight genes have the potential as novel and independent prognostic biomarkers for early diagnosis of CRC and forecasting clinical results of CRC patients. Several studies revealed that suppression of these genes inhibits the proliferation of CRC.
Bibliometric Analysis on Recent Topics in ILS Research
Authors: Rosser Pablo , Soler  Seila
Published: July 2024

This article presents a bibliometric analysis of recent topics in ILS (Individual Learning Styles) research. The methodology employed was based on a systematic review of documents and scientific publications related to the study object from 2004 to the present utilizing the Scopus database and the 'bibliometrix' package in the R programming language. Several decision steps were followed to ensure the reliability and validity of the analysis. The findings allowed for the identification of the most cited journals, the most prominent authors, and the most common affiliations among the authors of the analyzed documents. Additionally, different models of learning style preferences and their impact on the teaching process were explored. The findings contribute significantly to understanding the dynamics of research in the studied discipline. Regarding the most cited journals, "Computers & Education" was found to be the leading journal in terms of the total number of citations, followed by "Educational Research Review" and "Learning and Instruction". As for the most prominent authors, several relevant names were identified, such as David Kolb, Richard Felder, and Peter Honey. Regarding the most common affiliations among the authors, it was found that several Spanish universities lead this list. On the other hand, this study explored different learning style models and their impact on the educational process. It was found that there is a wide variety of theoretical models on learning style, but there is no clear consensus on which model is best to apply in an educational context. However, the importance of considering students' learning styles to adapt the educational process to their individual needs was highlighted. In conclusion, this bibliometric analysis provides an overview of the current state of ILS research and can be useful for researchers, educators, and professionals interested in this field. The obtained results can also be used to identify current trends in ILS research and to guide future investigations in this area.
Geospatial Analysis Applied to Epidemiological Studies of Rabies Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cruz Zito Viegas da , Adnyana I Made Dwi Mertha , de Souza Jeronimo
Published: July 2024

Rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease that remains a global health problem. The incidence of this disease is increasing, but it has not yet been overcome by various parties. The easy transmission of this disease from animals to humans necessitates the use of epidemiological analysis methods to accelerate its eradication and control. This systematic review aimed to assess the types of spatial methods used in rabies epidemiological studies published between January 2014 and April 2024. Thirty-eight studies were selected, and 28 different spatial methods were used in rabies studies during that period, with two methods being the most frequently used. Few articles have applied spatial analysis methods in rabies studies; however, whenever they were applied, they contributed to a better understanding of the geospatial diffusion of rabies. This review highlights the importance of geospatial analysis for understanding the spread of rabies, identifying hotspots, and identifying the need for more targeted and effective interventions.
An Incomplete Picture: A Scoping Review of Global, Original Qualitative Rare Disease Research
Authors: Gush Marianne , Moosa Shahida
Published: July 2024

Background
Rare diseases, globally and collectively, pose a significant social and economic burden with far reaching implications in both high and middle- to low-income countries. An in-depth understanding of the first-hand experiences of rare disease patients, caregivers and service providers is required to fully understand the challenges these individuals and groups face. Only once such an understanding has been developed, can steps be taken to collaborate towards effectively addressing the relevant issues.
Results
The current scoping review searched the most prominent databases in order to isolate original, qualitative, rare disease research published between 2004 and 2024 to determine the scope and nature of existing qualitative rare disease research. The analysis of the 150 identified studies shows a substantial overrepresentation of research from both Europe (53%) and North America (29%), and a severe underrepresentation of qualitative rare disease research from Africa (1%).
Conclusions
The lack of qualitative rare disease research from Africa represents a lack of understanding, not only of the lived experiences of Africans, but also an ignorance of the complex cultural factors which would potentially affect the experience of “commonly” identified themes, such as interactions with healthcare professionals and parent advocacy, stigma and social support.
PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Romanukha Viktoriya , Hryniv Olena , Hvozdetska Halyna , Baryla Nadiia , Hrushetska Anna
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disease of unclear etiology, with periods of exacerbation and remission, has negative social, physical and emotional consequences and reduces quality of life. It is an obvious fact that psychological status and quality of life are influenced by a significant number of factors, including the disease itself (Crohn's disease is most often more severe, especially in young patients), the severity of the disease, the prevalence of digestive tract involvement, extraintestinal manifestations, complications, surgical interventions and the effectiveness of the chosen therapy.
Materials and methods. The literature review was based on scientific studies published by Science Direct using the information retrieval systems PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, The Cochrane Librar, Medknow. We mainly reviewed the studies that were published in the last 5 years. 68 scientific papers were selected for the article.
Results After analysing the sources of national and international literature, the risk factors (poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, fatigue, female gender, obesity, intestinal dysbiosis, surgery with stoma formation) that contributed to a negative impact on the patient's quality of life were identified. Possible methods to alleviate psychopathological symptoms, namely psychotherapy, medication and regular physical activity, were described.
Conclusions. Inflammatory bowel disease contributes to the development of depressive and anxiety disorders, asthenia, sexual dysfunction, poor sleep quality, reduced physical activity, work quality, and productivity. The use of psychotherapy, namely cognitive behavioural therapy, psychodynamic therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, stress management programs, mindfulness, hypnosis, antidepressant medication and regular physical activity, leads to an improvement in the patient's quality of life.
Association between Parenting Styles and Adolescents’ Mental Disorders: Findings among Pre-University Students
Authors: Mohd Arifin Siti Roshaidai ,   Department of Special Care Nursing, Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia, Syaziman Nur Syila Syahida , Abang Abdullah Khadijah Hasanah , Abd Aziz Karimah Hanim , Che Mat Khairi , Muhammad Noor Azimah , Wardaningsih Shanti ,   National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia,   Department of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,   Psychological Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia,   Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   Department of Mental Health Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Background: Existing research indicated a high prevalence of mental health issues among adolescents. Gender and parenting styles are two factors that may influence adolescents’ mental health. Nonetheless, most published studies focused on either secondary school or university students. In contrast, there is a dearth of similar research involving pre-university students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental disorders among pre-university students and their association with parenting styles. Methods: A cross-sectional study via online questionnaire survey was conducted among students from a pre-university college on the East Coast of Malaysia. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the participants. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: i) sociodemographic data, ii) the Parental Authority Questionnaire and Depression, and iii) the Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). An online invitation to answer the questionnaire was done via the Student Representative Council (SRC). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chisquare test. Results: A total of 431 participants responded to the online survey. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress was 49.0% (n = 210), 68.0% (n = 293) and 37.6% (n = 162), respectively. In addition, father’s educational level (² = 10.332, P = 0.001) and the authoritarian parenting style (² = 10.099, P = 0.006) were significantly associated with mental health disorders among adolescents. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental disorders among pre-university students is relatively high. Pre-university admission mental health screening is vital for early detection and intervention of mental disorders among this vulnerable group. Further research is imperative to establish a comprehensive plan of action that targets parental involvement in managing adolescent mental health disorders.
Antibacterial Effects of Various Types of Bee Products in Malaysia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohamad Nur Aliah ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia, Al-Emerieen Alaa’ Fahed , Irekeola Ahmad Adebayo , Shueb Rafidah Hanim ,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial infections. The effectiveness of antibiotics is very important, but unfortunately, prolonged exposure leads to the development of antibiotic resistance in some bacteria. Hence, using natural products as antibacterial agents is an attractive alternative, given that they have been used as traditional medicine since the existence of humanity. This study systematically reviewed the antibacterial activity of Malaysian bee products such as honey, propolis and bee bread. Five electronic databases: i) PubMed; ii) ScienceDirect; iii) Scopus; iv) Web of Science Core Collection and v) Google Scholar, were searched for relevant articles. A total of 153 articles were obtained from the initial search. Of these, 32 articles, including 24 on honey, eight on propolis and one on bee bread, were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies reported that honey, propolis and bee bread demonstrated antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
A Review of Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment and the Potential Benefits of Stingless Bee Honey Supplementation
Authors: Ja’afar Nor Liyana ,   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia, Mustapha Muzaimi , Mohamed Mahaneem , Hashim Sabarisah ,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia,   Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: July 2024

Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common decline in cognitive abilities that occurs within 3 months after a stroke. During recovery, stroke survivors often experience varying degrees of cognitive decline, with some patients experiencing permanent cognitive deficits. Thus, it is crucial to prioritise recovery and rehabilitation after a stroke to promote optimal protection of and improvement in cognitive function. Honey derived from stingless bees has been linked to various therapeutic properties, including neuroprotective effects. However, scientific evidence for the mechanisms through which these honey supplements enhance cognitive function remains limited. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the causes of PSCI, current treatments, the biomarkers influencing cognition in post-stroke patients and the potential of stingless bee honey (SBH) as a neuroprotective agent against the progression of PSCI.
In Silico Study of the Potential of Brazilein Sappan Wood as a Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor against Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase- Encoding Genes
Authors: Krihariyani Dwi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Woelansari Evy Diah , Haryanto Edy , Sasongkowati Retno , Handayati Anik , Astuti Sri Sulami Endah ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia,   Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Published: July 2024

Background: Infectious illnesses are a serious health concern in Indonesia. Widespread use of self-medication by the community increases the risk of developing multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study assessed the potential of sappan wood as an inhibitor of extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) encoded by blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes. Method: In silico testing was conducted to develop an effective and economical starting strategy. Thereby, this study significantly advances the development of novel treatments to combat antibiotic resistance. Using clavulanic acid as the benchmark medicine, the potency of the betalactamase inhibitor brazilein was predicted. Using the Molegro Virtual Docker computer tool, docking was performed to estimate the chemical and physical properties of the compounds, as well as the biological activity of brazilein toward the required receptor. The receptors used were SHV1 beta-lactamase, PDB code: 2H0T; TEM-1 beta-lactamase, PDB code: 4OQG and CTX-M-14 betalactamase, PDB code: 6VHS. Data analysis was performed by comparing the binding energies of the docking results between the ligands and the target receptor. The more stable the bond that formed between the ligand and the target receptor, the lower the bond energy. Results: The in silico test results on the blaSHV gene were as follows: binding energy of ligand MA4_400[A] = −100.699, brazilein = −82.206, clavulanic acid = −79.3704; in the blaTEM gene: ligand bond energy 2UL_301[B] = −107.681, brazilein = −82.0296, clavulanic acid = −103.3; in the blaCTX-M gene: X57_301[A] ligand bond energy = −86.6197, and brazilein = −88.1586, clavulanic acid = −101.933. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the significant potential of brazilein sappan wood to block the beta-lactamase activity of blaCTX-M.
Множественная миелома: моделирование сценариев терапии с использованием метода Монте-Карло
Authors: Лучинин Александр Сергеевич , Семенова А. А. , Семочкин С. В.
Published: July 2024

AIM. To develop an information and retrieval system for hematologists which would enable effective decision making in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment through simulation and prediction of response to therapy considering a patient’s clinical profile-related characteristics and based on the analysis of data from public science sources.
MATERIALS & METHODS. The analysis included 145 therapeutic options and 56,217 MM patients enrolled in 311 clinical studies, the results of which were published in the medical literature from 2003 to 2024. To simulate therapy scenarios, the Monte Carlo method was used for calculating the probability of achieving very good and even better partial response in patients with different characteristics that define not only their clinical profile but also the chemotherapy variants.
RESULTS. This study introduces an interactive online application called М-BОТ (available at oncotriage.ru) enabling to predict response to therapy under certain specified conditions and to visualize the result as real-time ranking of therapeutic options via the user interface. Apart from a patient’s clinical profile-related characteristics underlying MM treatment decision making, it is possible to select trials by their types and numbers of patients enrolled.
CONCLUSION. The therapy recommendations resulted from simulation of different MM therapy scenarios with the use of the Monte Carlo method considerably extend the potential for rapid retrieval of reliable science information which would confirm the optimal choice of a therapeutic option in the given clinical setting. In future, this approach can be regarded as a basis for building up a support system in individual and consensus decision making. It will allow for predicting the efficacy of multi-stage MM treatment strategies with several therapy lines and their safety as well.
Мутации в генах KRAS/NRAS и эффективность индукционной терапии по трехкомпонентным схемам на основе бортезомиба у пациентов с впервые диагностированной множественной миеломой
Authors: Сергеева Анна Михайловна , Сурин В. Л. , Чабаева Ю. А. , Крайзман А. А. , Соловьев М. В. , Куликов С. М. , Менделеева Л. П.
Published: July 2024

AIM. To identify the KRAS and NRAS gene mutations in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (ММ) and to classify them according to the depth of antitumor response to bortezomib-based triplet induction therapy.
MATERIALS & METHODS. The trial enrolled 89 patients with newly diagnosed MM prior to chemotherapy. Among them, there were 45 women and 44 men aged 30–82 years (median 58.5 years). ММ was diagnosed according to IMWG criteria (2014). Bone marrow (BM) plasma cells were isolated from the aspirate using gradient method with subsequent immunomagnetic CD138 marker selection. The KRAS and NRAS gene mutations in BM CD138+ cells were identified with Sanger sequencing method. The proteomic programs MutationTaster, Polyphen2, and FATHMM-XF were used for mutation analysis in the KRAS and NRAS genes. All patients received bortezomib-based triplet chemotherapy as first-line treatment. The response depth was assessed after completing 6 cycles of PAD and VCD regimens. Antitumor response was evaluated according to IMWG (2016) criteria.
RESULTS. The mutation rate in the gene family RAS was 42 % (37/89). The analysis focused on the data from 33 patients with mutations detected and response identified after 6 cycles of treatment. In 22 out of 33 patients, deep response was not achieved, whereas 11 patients showed complete remission (CR) + very good partial remission (VGPR). In the group of patients without mutations in the gene family RAS, the response to therapy meeting the CR + VGPR criteria was 64 % (27/42). The differences appeared to be significant (p = 0.008). The clinical data and the evaluation of primary treatment outcomes provided the basis for distinguishing a group of 9 prognostically unfavorable mutations: NRAS Gly13Asp, Gln61His; KRAS Gly12Ala, Gly12Asp, Gly12Val, Gly13Asp, Gln61Arg, Gln61His, and Ala146Val.
CONCLUSION. The mutations in KRAS and NRAS belonging to the gene family RAS had a negative effect on the efficacy of the bortezomib-based triplet induction therapy. Mutation variants in the RAS family genes differed in prognostic significance. The analysis results helped to identify the mutation variants associated with the worse response to therapy: NRAS Gly13Asp, Gln61His; KRAS Gly12Ala, Gly12Asp, Gly12Val, Gly13Asp, Gln61Arg, Gln61His, and Ala146Val.
DEVICE FOR CALIBRATING ELECTROCHEMICAL DISSOLVED OXYGEN SENSORS
Authors: Sousa Marcus , Duran Isabela , Teixeira Giovana , Formiga André
Published: July 2024

Sensor calibration for dissolved gas is a critical and necessary step to ensure consistent sensor response over time and under different conditions. In this work, we describe a 3D printed device that facilitates the calibration of gas sensors. The device effectively maintained gas concentration in the solution for at least 2 h. Analytical curves were constructed in the pH range of 2 to 12, yielding determination coefficients surpassing 0.98. The chosen method proved suitable for the calibration of the sensors. Furthermore, using accurate and reliable reference sensors contributed to obtaining precise and trustworthy measurements.
Artificial intelligence policies of the states under sanctions
Authors: Bolgov Radomir ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to identify similar features and differences in the artificial intelligence (AI) policies of the states claiming global (Russia) and regional (Iran) influence. The context of this study is the sanctions of Western countries in relation to Russia and Iran. The study methodology is based on the principles of comparative analysis. We analyze legislation and strategic documents, as well as institutions and practices in the field of artificial intelligence development in these states. Identifying national AI policy patterns can be an important predictive tool. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of legislation, we developed a set of parameters for comparison: (1) AI development goals, (2) authorities responsible for the implementation of AI projects, (3) AI development priorities, (4) positions of countries in the global AI development rankings. The basis of the study is the analysis of AI development indices (Government AI Readiness 2021 by Oxford Insights, Nature Index 2020 Artificial Intelligence, and Global AI Index 2021 by Tortoise Media), official statistics, national legislation, and media publications.
Global Citizenship Initiative: UNESCO education policies through the prism of identity studies
Authors: Bikerniece Anna ,   Dalian University of Foreign Languages, School of International Studies
Published: July 2024

For many decades since the establishment of UNESCO, the organization has promoted and defended the idea of Global education. One of the reasons was the necessity to improve live standards, but also to create the global thinking and mutual understanding in order to avoid further conflicts and wars. The article examines the evolution of UNESCO Global citizenship initiative as an attempt to construct Global identity. Global identity falls under the identity studies object, as it is both a process and a state under construction with the aim at unifying peoples around the world. For the first three decades of UNESCO policies, it attempted to construct a positive identity, uniting people through shared values. The attempt lacked negative element and material elements to it. As a result, since 1970s, a new idea emerged that became the backbone of further UNESCO and UN policies – the idea of environmental threats opposing the humanity. These gradually evolved by 2000s into Sustainable Development Goals and Global Citizenship initiative. In recent years, UNESCO highlights new challenges – COVID Pandemics and spread of international conflicts, and the organization shifts its policy again in order to create unifying ground for peoples around the world amid these new challenges.
Assessment of damage and environmental sustainability of landscapes of the South Kuril Islands
Authors: Opekunova Marina G. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Arestova Irina Yu. , Opekunov Anatolii Yu. , Somov Vsevolod V. , Kukushkin Stepan Yu. , Lisenkov Sergey A. , Nikulina Anna R. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The inclusion of the South Kuril Islands in the Advanced Development Territories (TAD) program leads to an increase in the anthropogenic impact on the natural complexes of the islands. The specialization of the TAD Kuriles involves the development of the region's economy in the areas of tourism, sports, agriculture and the fishing industry. In this regard, the scientific substantiation of the permissible levels of various types of nature management on the islands included in the program becomes relevant. This paper presents the results of studies on the sites of three islands of the South Kuriles - Kunashir, Shikotan, Iturup. The stages of recreational digression of soils and vegetation were assessed on the basis of the thickness of the soil litter and the degree of its decomposition, the number of vascular plant species, the presence of indicator species, the ratio of native and synanthropic species, damage of the vegetation cover, damage to the forest stand, the state of undergrowth, plant vitality, general projective cover of the grass-shrub layer, the degree of development of the territory. To assess the overall stability of the considered islands, in addition to the recreational one, the sustainability of natural complex to chemical pollution was also analyzed. As the level of the general sustainability of the natural complex, the smallest value of the two defined species was taken. An integrated approach has been implemented, including an assessment of the disturbance of natural complexes (NC) and their sustainability to various types of anthropogenic impacts, aimed at regulating recreational load and carrying out environmental protection measures. It has been established that the problem of progressive degradation is most relevant for Iturup Island, most of the attractions of which are easily accessible to mass uncontrolled tourism. In the specially protected natural areas of the most parts of the islands of Kunashir (Kurilsky Nature Reserve) and Shikotan (Little Kuriles Nature Reserve), regulating tourist flows reduces the risk of disturbances and degradation of the natural environment. The established levels of digression and sustainability of the NC can be used in the development of recreational load standards, taking into account the optimization of tourism activities in the Southern Kuril Islands.
Soil-geochemical assessment of salinization of the territory adjacent to the Kuchuk salt deposit (Altai Krai)
Authors: Simonova Yulia V. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Zhunusova Oksana R. , Charykova Marina V. , Kasatkina Galina A. ,   St. Petersburg State University,   St. Petersburg State University,   Dokuchaev Central Soil Science Museum, Branch of the Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute
Published: July 2024

A soil geochemical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of the exploitation of the Lake Kuchuk salt deposit on the salinization of the soils in the adjacent areas. The specific characteristic of the soil forming in the Kulunda steppe is the wide distribution of salinization processes. Solonetzes soils are distributed in the impact zone of the deposit exploitation; therefore, as background soils, we considered also Solonetzes. Background soils are located at a considerable distance (2–10 km) from industrial facilities. The results of the chemical analysis of the soil-water extracts showed that the area of the most intense salinization is concentrated in the eastern and southeastern parts of the depression of the former lake. Nowadays, a salt evaporation pond and an open salt storage, which are the main industrial sources of sodium sulfate dust, occupy the bottom of the lake. The maximum salt content (over 1%) was found in these parts of the basin and is associated with the prevailing wind direction in the study area. With an increase in the hypsometric level of the surfaces and the distance from the open technological sources of dust, as well as on the opposite slope of the basin, there was a sharp (2–3 times) decrease in the salt content. The total salt content in the background soils ranged from 0.3 to 0.6%. The specificity of the chemistry of soil salinization in the impact zone was the dominance of sulfates and sodium in the composition of the soil-water extract, and thenardite, which is a dehydration product of mirabilite, in the composition of salt crust minerals and salt efflorescences. In the background Solonetzes, the participation of soda in the chemical composition became more noticeable, which is a natural halogen geochemical feature of the Kulunda steppe. In the surface salt crusts in the background areas, a greater variety of minerals were noted, among which there were typical minerals of the evaporite association (gypsum, halite, calcite, dolomite, mirabilite) and their rare species (konyaite, wedellit).
Visualization of employees’ competencies using knowledge maps
Authors: Gavrilova Tatiana A. ,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University, Kuznetsova Anna V. , Alkanova Olga N. , Grinberg Elvira Y. ,   Lyceum No. 408,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University,   Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

Goal: to develop and test an approach to visualize the expert profile of a department of a modern university and its employees. This approach can be extended to the educational organization with additional levels of generalization if necessary. Metodology: the analysis of the literature on knowledge maps was carried out to determine the logic of knowledge mapping in a modern university through the prism of stakeholders. The empirical study was conducted in the form of a self-assessment questionnaire among employees of a university business school. Findings: the paper proposes an approach to identify basic ontologies to describe the activities of teachers and researchers in modern educational organizations in general and as part of the empirical study in particular. Originality and contribution of the authors: the presented approach to identify basic ontologies for the development of visual models allows to systematically represent the professional and practical knowledge and levels of teachers and researchers’ expertise as well as to rise to a higher level of conceptual generalization of large and ultra-large volumes of data, and ease communication gaps between different groups of stakeholders.
Chezy's resistance coefficient in vaulted rectangular conduit
Authors: Loukam Imed , Achour Bachir
Published: July 2024

Calculating resistance coefficients for flows in pipes and channels, such as the Darcy–Weisbach coefficient of friction and the Chezy or Manning coefficients, is a complex process aimed at accurately reflecting flow under load or a free surface. Generally, these coefficients are given as constants, although they can be challenging to ascertain due to implicit models expressing these coefficients. Therefore, the design of pipes and channels necessitates an explicit and comprehensible expression of the resistance coefficient, incorporating numerous flow parameters, including aspect ratio, kinematic viscosity, pipe slope, and roughness of internal walls. To achieve this outcome, we suggest employing the rough model method (RMM) giving the volume flowrate to identify the Chezy's resistance coefficient C in uniform and free surface flow for the vaulted rectangular conduit. This applies in both cases where the diameter of the geometric profile of the conduit is known or unknown.
Potential of Fat Replacers To Develop Low/Or Reduced-Fat Mayonnaise and Salad Dressing Systems: An Updated Review
Authors: Abedi-Firoozjah Reza , Azadinejad Hossein , Hosseini Asad , Afrah Arvin , Abdolmaleki Khadije
Published: July 2024

Mayonnaise is one of the most popular seasonings and well-established sauces globally,
which is considered a high-fat and high-calorie product due to its high oil content. However,
excessive consumption of fat (especially saturated fatty acids) leads to an increased risk of
various chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes,
COVID-19, and obesity. Therefore, the demand for low-fat, low-calorie food products is
increasing. Fat replacers (FR) have recently been employed to decrease fat content while ensuring
consumer acceptability. Production of low-fat mayonnaise without significant quality
changes is challenging from an industrial point of view. In this review, the fat replacement approach
in the low/or reduced-fat mayonnaise and salad dressing systems is conferred in various
aspects, including functional, technological, and sensorial properties. The type and source of
used FRs, their benefits and drawbacks, and their nutritional effects are also discussed. Due to
the unique functional role of fat, the development of low-fat dressing products that meet consumer
demands is more complex than those provided by FRs. Also, although fat and calories
are effectively reduced, due to the lack of human intervention studies, future research should
focus on the safety of these fat substitutes.
Development of operational standards procedures for maintenance and maintenance of public railway infrastructure infrastructure and electrical mechanical and architectural components in Wbs-based station buildings to improve maintenance and maintenance performance
Authors: Anwar Hashfi Fahreza , Latief Yusuf , Wardahni Nurul Inayah
Published: July 2024

A railway station is a place of departure and stoppage for trains. Poor, inappropriate maintenance and upkeep of infrastructure without strict supervision can result in physical damage to the infrastructure itself, thus losing its initial value and reducing the service life of the infrastructure. If the maintenance and upkeep of infrastructure in the transportation sector is not done properly, it can cause delays or, in the worst case, accidents. To ensure a high level of reliability and availability, the implementation of an effective maintenance program is very important. This is then clarified if poor maintenance and upkeep practices, such as in the transportation sector, can also affect the reliability of the transportation system and even cause life-threatening accidents. Damage or accidents that occur can also lower the company's image and customer or consumer trust. This research aims to develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for maintenance and upkeep work on station buildings, architectural components, and mechanical electrical. The method used is based on a Literature Study, survey, and case study. The result of this research is the development of SOP maintenance and upkeep work on architectural components and mechanical electrical to improve maintenance performance.
Pengaruh Keterampilan Komunikasi Apoteker di Banyumas Terhadap Tingkat Kepercayaan dan Loyalitas Masyarakat Baturraden
Authors: Sartana Btari Asa ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Pratiwi Hening , Ilma Dewi Latifatul ,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman,   Jurusan Farmasi, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Published: July 2024

Background: Pharmacists communication skills are needed in pharmaceutical services because they can improve service quality by building good relationships with patients. This good relationship can build trust and patients’ loyalty to pharmacists. Objectives: This study aims to determine the effect of communication skills directly on loyalty or indirectly by having to gain trust first. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design with purposive sampling data collection method using questionnaires to respondents from the Baturraden District community aged 18-55 years and receiving pharmaceutical services by pharmacists at the Banyumas district pharmacy in the last 3 months. The questionnaire consisted of a questionnaire on the communication skills of pharmacists in Banyumas and a questionnaire on the level of trust and loyalty of the people of Baturraden District which was adjusted based on a literature review. Data collection was carried out in July 2021 - August 2021 by distributing online questionnaires through google forms and offline by visiting respondents directly. Data were analyzed using classical assumption test and path analysis accompanied by Sobel test to determine the effect between variables. Communication skills, level of trust, and level of loyalty were categorized into high/good, moderate/fair, low/less based on the quartile value of the data. Results: The study involved 106 respondents, with communication skills of pharmacists in Banyumas considered quite good (76.41%), while the level of trust and loyalty of the people of Baturraden was rated moderate (66.98% and 71.7%). Pharmacist communication skills have a positive and significant indirect effect on loyalty through trust as an intervening variable (β = 0.647; 0.607; p-value <0.05; z score = 4.611). However, it is not directly significant to the level of loyalty (β = 0.049; p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: The results show that loyalty is influenced by the communication skills of the pharmacist if the pharmacist gets the trust of the people.
Inovasi Desa Mandiri: Integrasi Agile Governance dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dalam Tata Kelola Pedesaan
Authors: Rasaili Wilda , Suharyanto Deny Feri , Andiriyanto Ach , Fitriyah Nina Sa’idah , Zarnuji Zarnuji , Puspaningrum Irma Irawati
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Inovasi Desa Mandiri melalui integrasi agile governance dan sustainable development dalam tata kelola pemerintahan desa. Fokus utama penelitian adalah pada upaya pemerintah Desa Lobuk Kabupaten Sumenep Jawa Timur dan Desa Srimulyo Kabupaten Bantul Yogyakarta dalam inovasi pembangunan melalui prinsip agile governance. Pendekatan agile governance menekankan pada daya tanggap dan fleksibilitas pemerintah yang bergerak cepat dan lincah dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan, pelayanan dan pembangunan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumen kebijakan, dan observasi partisipatif. Jumlah informan sebanyak 10 orang yang meliputi perangkat kepala desa, perangkat desa, pelaku usaha, pemuda desa, tokoh masyarakat, dan pakar bidang kebijakan dan pembangunan. Data dikelompokkan dan dianalisis melalui NVivo Pro 12. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan tentang keberhasilan inovasi pembangunan desa melalui integrasi tata kelola pemerintahan yang lincah, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan. Pendekatan agile governance mendorong pemerintah yang fleksibel dan responsif dalam memenuhi kebutuhan publik dan melaksanakan pembangunan. Capaian yang telah dilakukan berupa digitalisasi pelayanan, tingginya partisipasi masyarakat, pertumbuhan ekonomi, peningkatan pendidikan, pemenuhan infrastruktur, dan aksesibilitas mobilisasi publik. Penelitian ini berimplikasi sebagai panduan bagi pemerintah desa dalam mengoptimalkan strategi pembangunan untuk mencapai tujuan yang berkelanjutan di tingkat lokal.
Analisa Komparasi Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Piston Sepeda Motor dari Empat Pabrikan
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Mizhar Susri , Putra Andi , Sutiman Sutiman , Arifin Zainal
Published: July 2024

The piston is an essential component in the internal combustion system. Unfortunately, most piston products on the market are of low quality, which is detrimental to consumers. Most pistons sold in spare parts shops in Medan City have varying prices and different quality. The study compares four manufacturers' chemical composition, microstructure and hardness of the pistons of 4-stroke motorcycles. The four types of pistons were purchased at an automotive component sales shop in Medan city. The pistons were cut by machine and then analyzed for chemical composition, microstructure and hardness. The research results show that the chemical composition of the four-piston manufacturers is almost similar, where the silicon content ranges from 2-3%, which is a hypoeutectic Al-Si aluminium alloy. Interestingly, the hardness values and microstructure of pistons are different. The hardness value for brand X is the highest compared to other products, at 41.16 VHN. Microstructural observations show that the microstructures of manufacturers W, X and Y are similar, where the Si particles are evenly distributed with almost uniform sizes. Meanwhile, the Z manufacturer shows a microstructure with fibrous Si particles with a coarse SDAS size.