bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the regulatory reserve and capacity demand on the process of justification of the generating sources in respect of the UES Russia management development
Authors: Chukreev Yu. Ya , Chukreev M. Yu.
Published: November 2020

An analysis is made of the regulatory documents used to justify the capacity demand and one of its components - the normative capacity reserve. The methodological principles for considering energy availability at hydroelectric power stations from the standpoint of justification of reserve funds are justified. For the price zones of the UES Russia, retrospective information on the forecast values of maximum loads and power generation at hydroelectric power stations has been compared with their actual values. The article gives the practical results of influence of the identified regulatory documents inconsistencies and deviations of the maximum load forecasts and hydroelectric power generation from the actual power demand values and the justification of the generating sources to cover it under a competitive power selection procedure.
Circuit-mode Features of the Distribution Network in the SAIDI and SAIFI Forecast
Authors: Kakosha Yuri , Myshkina Lyudmila , Sabadash Inna
Published: November 2020

The adoption of any technical solutions at the design stage of the distribution network significantly affects the change in the indicators of uninterrupted power supply to consumers: SAIDI and SAIFI. However, methodological support for their determination for the future is not enough. The development of an appropriate methodology and its implementation into design practice is necessary, this is especially important in connection with the appearance of distributed generation, which has a significant impact on the circuit-mode conditions of power supply systems. The developed methodology makes it possible to determine the most effective from the many possible ways of integrating distributed generation and local power supply systems, considering the of the technical condition indices, the structural and functional reliability of the distribution network and the existing mode restrictions, which is a necessary element of development management during design.
Methodical aspects of the energy industries interconnected operation modeling at the energy security research under modern conditions
Authors: Natalya Pyatkova , Denis Boyarkin
Published: November 2020

The relevance and significance of energy security problems studies in modern conditions of energy systems operation, during the period of negative trends growth in the energy sector, is undeniable and concerns two main aspects:

- the need for long-term, deficit-free provision of consumers with the required types of energy resources during the functioning of the energy sector under normal conditions;

- the need to create conditions for providing consumers with energy resources when implementing threats to energy security.

Due to the impossibility of conducting full-scale experiments on operating fuel and energy systems, work related to the modeling of these systems, the development of specialized software and tools, the rational organization of a computational experiment to find ways to provide consumers with energy-free supplies when operating in normal contingency conditions.

The main result presented in the article is a complex of energy systems models that take into account the intellectual nature of modern systems as much as possible and allow conducting energy security studies of the country and regions at a new qualitative level.
Simulation of Electromagnetic Fields Occurring at Intersection of Traction Networks and Multicircuit Power Lines
Authors: Buyakova Natalia V. , Kryukov Andrey V. , Seredkin Dmitriy A. , Van Thao Le
Published: November 2020

Traction networks (TN) 25 kV generate higher electromagnetic fields (EMF) with frequency 50 Hz, whose strengths at a standardized height of 1.8 m, as a rule, do not exceed the permissible norms for electrical personnel. In places where railroads routes intersect with high voltage overhead power supply lines (OPL), interference of fields, generated by the traction network and OPL, occurs. This can lead to an increase in strengths and a complication of the EMF spatial structures. The article presents simulation results performed for a complex intersection, while 25 or 2 х 25 kV TN is crossed by a three-circuit 110-220 kV overhead power line at 90 degrees angle. Fazonord software application was used for simulating EMF strengths in points of traction networks and OPL intersection. Based on modeling results the following conclusions have been made: at intersection points of 1х25 kV traction network with a three-chain 110 - 220 kV power transmission line, the electrical field strength does not exceed the value acceptable for electrical personnel and reaches 4.2 kV/m; at the intersection with 2 х 25 kV traction network, this parameter decreases to 2.7 kV/m; the maximum amplitude of the magnetic field at the intersection points increases slightly.
Methods of intelligent protection from asymmetrical conditions in electric networks
Authors: Guliyev H.B , Tomin N.V. , Ibrahimov F.Sh
Published: November 2020

Possible cases of non-fulfilment of the requirements of the necessary sensitivity and the selectivity of the existing protection against incomplete-phase and asymmetric modes in the electrical network under conditions of uncertainty of the initial data are determined. The paper considers the issue of intellectualization of protection from asymmetric modes based on theories of fuzzy logic, as well as machine learning models, and offers a structural diagram and an algorithm for the functioning of protection. The results of the synthesis of intelligent protection and an approach to modelling and control for controlled drive systems based on reinforcement learning are presented.
Resonance Modes at Harmonics Frequencies in Electrical Networks
Authors: Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: November 2020

Resonance modes at harmonic frequencies in electrical networks are a serious problem. They arise due to the availability of electrical equipment with capacitive and inductive elements. The values of the harmonics of currents and voltages increase at resonances. The voltage quality indices in resonant modes exceed the limit values. Harmonics cause energy losses in electrical equipment, reduce its service life, create economic damage. Capacitor banks are often damaged by resonances. Network nodes with resonant circuits and resonant harmonics can be determined using the frequency characteristics of the nodal reactance (susceptance). The paper presents an algorithm and HARMONICS software for the analysis and forecasting of resonance modes, the results of studies of resonance modes in the high-voltage networks of Eastern Siberia.
On the power quality of electrical energy supplied to joint stock company “Aleksandrovsky mine”
Authors: Zapanov Oleg V. , Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: November 2020

Joint Stock Company (JSC) “Mine Aleksandrovsky” is located in the Mogochinsky district of the Trans-Baikal Territory. “Mine Aleksandrovsky” concluded an energy supply agreement with JSC “Chitaenergosbyt” for the purchase of electric energy from it. In accordance with the contract, the electric energy supplier undertakes to supply electric energy that meets the requirements of the current legislation of the Russian Federation. The power quality in the Trans-Baikal Territory in most regions does not meet the requirements of State Standard 32144-2013. Suppliers and the network organization are responsible to consumers for the reliability of its electric energy supply and its quality within the boundaries of their electric networks. Despite the obligations of the contract, the electric energy supplied to “Mine Alexandrovsky” does not meet the requirements. In 2017 the ball mill engine in the shredding department of the gold recovery factory failed as a result of power outages and the supply of low power quality through the 6 kV line. The article provides information on interruptions in power supply over the years of operation of the enterprise, the results of analysis of the power quality, information on damage to electrical equipment caused by low power quality, and economic damage.
Arbeit mit Träumen
Authors: Hau Stephan
Published: November 2020

Die Traumdeutung besitzt nach wie vor einen wichtigen Stellenwert in der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie. Die klinische Arbeit mit Träumen und freien Assoziationen ist eines von 7 wesentlichen Merkmalen der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie 1, 2. In den letzten Jahrzehnten gab es signifikante Erweiterungen der Theorien über Träume und Traumdeutung.
Männerbilder im Wandel
Authors: Seiffge-Krenke Inge
Published: November 2020

Was bedeutet es heute, ein Mann zu sein? Wie stellen sich Männer dar, wie hat sich männliches Selbsterleben im Beruf, in der Partnerschaft und in der Familie verändert?
Männer in Therapie und Beratung – ein gendersensibler Ansatz
Authors: Christ Claudia , Mitterlehner Ferdinand
Published: November 2020

Männer werden meist durch den Hausarzt oder durch Angehörige zur Therapie geschickt. Sie zeigen vermehrt körperliche Symptome oder diverses Suchtverhalten, berichten über Schwierigkeiten im Beruf und neigen zur Bagatellisierung. Wichtig ist eine klare professionelle Haltung „auf Augenhöhe“ und niederschwelliger therapeutischer Zugang. Der Artikel zeigt auf, welche Besonderheiten bei der psychotherapeutischen Begleitung von Männern zu beachten sind.
Vaterschaft und Psychopathologie
Authors: Frisch-Volkert Lucien
Published: November 2020

Väter übernehmen zunehmend Betreuungs- und Erziehungsaufgaben. Aufgrund von sich angleichenden Rollen, fortschrittlicher Familienpolitik und wirtschaftlichem Druck werden Väter künftig noch präsenter werden. Das Bewusstsein für väterliche Psychopathologie hinkt dieser Entwicklung hinterher. Als primäre Bezugspersonen haben beide Eltern einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit ihrer Kinder.
mHealth-Apps für Menschen mit Diabetes und ihr Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität
Authors: Priesterroth Lilli
Published: November 2020

Menschen mit Diabetes müssen die wesentlichen Therapiemaßnahmen im Rahmen des Selbstmanagements eigenverantwortlich umsetzen. Der Erfolg der Selbstbehandlung ist nicht nur für die Prognose des Diabetes mellitus entscheidend, sondern auch für Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität. Smartphone-Apps bieten zahlreiche Möglichkeiten, das Selbstmanagement zu unterstützen und können zur Verbesserung der glykämischen Kontrolle beitragen. Obwohl Effekte auf Wohlbefinden und Lebensqualität nur selten berücksichtigt werden, demonstrieren einzelne Befunde positive Auswirkungen auf diabetesbezogenen Distress, Hypoglykämieangst und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität. Um künftig als Smartphone-App im Rahmen des Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetzes erstattungsfähig zu werden, müssen Hersteller nachweisen, dass die Anwendung patientenrelevante Effekte hinsichtlich einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität erzielt.
Insurance Payer Status Predicts Postoperative Speech Outcomes in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients
Authors: Miller Sharon E. , Anderson Chelsea , Manning Jacy , Schafer Erin
Published: November 2020

Abstract Background Cochlear implant qualifying criteria for adult patients with public insurance policies are stricter than the labeled manufacturer criteria. It remains unclear whether insurance payer status affects expedient access to implants for adult patients
who could derive benefit from the devices. Purpose This study examined whether insurance payer status affected access to cochlear implant services and longitudinal speech-perception outcomes in adult cochlear implant recipients. Research Design Retrospective
cross-sectional study. Study Sample Sixty-eight data points were queried from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‐Secure, Encrypted, Research Management and Evaluation Solution database which consists of 12,388 de-identified data points from adult
and pediatric cochlear implant recipients. Data Analysis Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine whether insurance payer status affected expedient access to cochlear implants and whether payer status predicted longitudinal postoperative speech-perception scores in
quiet and noise. Results Results from linear mixed-effects regression models indicated that insurance payer status was a significant predictor of behavioral speech-perception scores in quiet and in background noise, with patients with public insurance experiencing poorer outcomes.
In addition, extended wait time to receive a cochlear implant was predicted to significantly decrease speech-perception outcomes for patients with public insurance. Conclusion This study documented patients covered by public health insurance wait longer to receive cochlear
implants and experience poorer postoperative speech-perception outcomes. These results have important clinical implications regarding the cochlear implant candidacy criteria and intervention protocols.
First Experiences with MANTA Vascular Closure Device in Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery
Authors: Ahmad Ali El-Sayed , Salamate Saad , Amer Mohamed , Sirat Sami , Monsefi Nadejda , Bakhtiary Farhad
Published: November 2020

Background To more minimize the minimally invasive valve surgeries, percutaneous vascular access and closure has been used for the establishment of extracorporeal circulation. This study investigates early clinical outcomes of patients who received MANTA for femoral artery closure as first experiences in minimally invasive valve surgery.

Methods Between January 2019 and July 2019, 103 consecutive patients (mean age: 58 ± 11 years) underwent video-assisted minimally invasive valve surgery through right anterior minithoracotomy at two cardiac surgery referral centers in Germany. Percutaneous cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass and femoral artery closure with MANTA were performed in all patients: 18-F and 14-F MANTA were used in 88 (85.4%) and 15 (14.6%) patient, respectively. Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and double valve surgeries were performed in 51 (49.5%), 39 (37.9%), 7 (6.8%), and 6 (5.8%), patients, respectively. Clinical data were prospectively entered into our institutional database.

Results Cardiopulmonary bypass time and cross-clamping time were 69 ± 23 and 38 ± 14 minutes, respectively. Except for two patients with late pseudoaneurysm on 15th and 23th postoperative day, neither major nor minor vascular complications nor vascular closure device failure according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 definition criteria was observed. Additionally, no wound healing disorders or conversion to surgical closure was observed.

Conclusions MANTA as percutaneous femoral artery closure after decannulation of cardiopulmonary bypass is a safe, feasible, and effective approach and yields excellent early outcomes. Larger size studies are needed to evaluate more the efficacy and safety of MANTA.
Lithium battery SOC estimation based on whale optimization algorithm and unscented Kalman filter
Authors: Wu Zhongqiang , Wang Guoyong , Xie Zongkui , He Yilin , Lu Xueqin
Published: November 2020

The state of charge (SOC) of lithium batteries is an important parameter of battery management systems. We aim at the problem that the noise variance is fixed during the estimation of the battery state by the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which leads to low estimation accuracy. Lithium battery SOC estimation based on the UKF and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is proposed. The first WOA is used to identify the parameters of the battery model. WOA–UKF is used to estimate the SOC of the battery, in which the observed noise variance and process noise variance of the UKF are updated through the second WOA, thereby the estimation accuracy is improved. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the improved method.
Dust charging and levitating in a magnetized plasma sheath containing superextensive electrons
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyun , Zhang Bingkai , Wang Chunxiao
Published: November 2020

A one-dimensional hydrodynamic model is developed for a magnetized plasma sheath, consisting of Maxwell electrons, q-non-extensive electrons, and thermal ions. A significant change is observed in the quantities characterizing isolated dust particles in the presence of superextensive electrons (q < 1). An examination is conducted on the effects of the q parameter, concentration, and temperature of superextensive electrons on the critical Bohm velocity, sheath potential drop, dust charging, and levitation in the sheath. As q decreases and as the superextensive electron concentration and temperature increase, the critical Bohm velocity, sheath potential drop, dust–charge number, and size of levitating dust particles increase. In addition, the dust particles mainly levitate near the sheath edge, and their size increases gradually from the sheath edge to the sheath space.
Effect of in situ degradation on the atomic structure and optical properties of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Q. , Han D. , Ma S. , Hao X. , Wei Y. , Cao B. , Zhang S. , Hou Y. , Shang L. , Han B. , Shan H. , Yang Y. , Xu B.
Published: November 2020

The structure at the atomic scale and optical properties of GaN-based green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) before and after in situ degradation were investigated by spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and temperature-dependent micro-photoluminescence. Indium (In) interstitial atoms existed in the degraded sample, due to the small-bond-energy In atoms deviating from their normal lattice position, caused by the relaxation of the InGaN well. Both the peak wavelengths of the original and degraded green LEDs had similar temperature-dependent behaviors, due to the localization states in the InGaN well. These wavelengths indicate that the degradation had little influence on the localization states. However, the emission peak of the degraded green LED redshifted by 1.6 nm at 300 K, and the integrated intensity decreased by 36.8%, compared to the peak and intensity of the original sample, respectively. Based on first-principles calculations, the calculated bandgap for the relaxation of the InGaN well was small. Therefore, the wavelength redshifted, and the luminous efficiency of the green LED decreased after degradation. These features are attributed to a decreased bandgap due to the relaxation of the InGaN well; increased defect density, resulting from In interstitial atoms; and an increase in the InGaN well thickness.
Low-temperature mobility-lifetime product in synthetic diamond
Authors: Konishi K. , Akimoto I. , Matsuoka H. , Djurberg V. , Majdi S. , Isberg J. , Naka N.
Published: November 2020

The mobility-lifetime (μτ) product is an important parameter that determines the performance of electronic and photonic devices. To overcome the previously reported difficulties in measuring the μτ product at cryogenic temperatures, we implement a time-resolved cyclotron resonance method to determine the carrier lifetime τ. After clarifying the difference between the AC and DC mobilities measured by cyclotron resonance and time-of-flight methods, respectively, we demonstrate an inverse temperature dependence of the μτ product. The highest recorded μτ product of 0.2 cm2/V, which is approximately 100 times the room-temperature value, was obtained at 2 K for chemical-vapor-deposition diamond of the highest currently available purity.
The effect of molasses nitrate lick blocks on supplement intake, bodyweight, condition score, blood methaemoglobin concentration and herd scale methane emissions in Bos indicus cows grazing poor quality forage
Authors: Callaghan M. J. , Tomkins N. W. , Hepworth G. , Parker A. J.
Published: November 2020

Context
The Australian government has approved a greenhouse gas (GHG) offset method that requires cattle to consume nitrate in the form of a lick block. Field studies demonstrating the effectiveness of this methodology have not been previously reported.

Aims
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on productivity and health when nitrate lick blocks were provided as a supplement to grazing beef cattle. We hypothesised that beef cattle given access to nitrate lick blocks would have similar productivity compared with cattle offered urea lick blocks.

Methods
Bos indicus breeding cows (n = 76) grazed a 467-ha paddock near Charters Towers, Queensland, between May and November 2014. A two-way remote automatic drafting system enabled allocation of cattle to different treatments while grazing in a common paddock. Treatments were 30% urea lick blocks (30U), or molasses nitrate lick blocks (MNB). At monthly intervals liveweight (LW), body condition score (BCS), and blood methaemoglobin concentration were recorded. Estimates of individual supplement intake were made on three separate occasions using a lithium marker technique.

Results
Mean daily supplement intake (±s.e.m.) of 30U (122 ± 13 g) was greater (P < 0.001) than MNB (67 ± 8 g). Lesser MNB intake was associated with greater variability for individual supplement intake, a greater proportion of non-consumers of supplement during July (P < 0.05) and reduced voluntary supplement intake until October (P < 0.001). Increasing MNB consumption during October and November was accompanied by elevated blood methaemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001). It was estimated that cattle offered MNB had insufficient supplementary nitrogen intake throughout the study to resolve rumen degradable nitrogen deficiency from grazed forage. Consequently, cattle provided access to MNB demonstrated conceptus free liveweight loss and lesser BCS compared with cattle treated with 30U (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Nitrate lick blocks were ineffective as a dual-purpose non-protein nitrogen supplement and methane mitigant for beef cattle grazing poor quality forage. Further field experiments are required to determine if there may be situations where this GHG offset methodology is efficacious.

Implications
Caution is advised in implementing GHG mitigation methods that involve the use of nitrate lick blocks.
Statistical shape model-based planning organ-at-risk volume: application to pancreatic cancer patients
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Nakao Megumi , Mukumoto Nobutaka , Ashida Ryo , Hirashima Hideaki , Yoshimura Michio , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: November 2020

Purpose. To introduce the concept of statistical shape model (SSM)-based planning organ-at-risk volume (sPRV) for pancreatic cancer patients. Methods. A total of 120 pancreatic cancer patients were enrolled in this study. After correcting inter-patient variations in the centroid position of the planning target volume (PTV), four different SSMs were constructed by registering a deformable template model to an individual model for the stomach and duodenum. The sPRV, which focused on the following different components of the inter-patient variations, was then created: Scenario A: shape, rotational angle, volume, and centroid position; Scenario B: shape, rotational angle, and volume; Scenario C: shape and rotational angle; and Scenario D: shape. The conventional PRV (cPRV) was created by adding an isotropic margin R (3–15 mm) to the mean shape model. The corresponding sPRV was created from the SSM until the volume difference between the cPRV and sPRV was less than 1%. Thereafter, we computed the overlapping volume between the PTV and cPRV (OLc) or sPRV (OLs) in each patient. OLs being larger than OLc implies that the local shape variations in the corresponding OAR close to the PTV were large. Therefore, OLs/OLc was calculated in each patient for each R-value, and the median value of OLs/OLc was regarded as a surrogate for plan quality for each R-value. Results. For R = 3 and 5 mm, OLs/OLc exceeded 1 for the stomach and duodenum in all scenarios, with a maximum OLs/OLc of 1.21. This indicates that smaller isotropic margins did not sufficiently account for the local shape changes close to the PTV. Conclusions. Our results indicated that, in contrast to conventional PRV, SSM-based PRVs, which account for local shape changes, would result in better dose sparing for the stomach and duodenum in pancreatic cancer patients.
Re-examination of proton capture 13N(p, γ)14O in stellar matter
Authors: Kabir Abdul , Nabi Jameel-Un
Published: November 2020

Radiative capture p + 13N → 14O + γ at energies bearing astrophysical importance is one of the key processes in the hot CNO cycle. The transition from normal CNO to hot CNO takes place when the proton capture rates on 13N are higher than the β decay rates of 13N. The hot CNO cycle initiates at stellar temperature T ≥ 0.11 ×109 K. Within the frame work of potential model, we calculate the nuclear reaction rates and astrophysical S-factor for the reaction 13N(p, γ)14O. It is to be noted that the nuclear cross-section is calculated for the first resonance of p–13N system within the proton energy range (0–1) MeV, where the E1 transition plays a dominant role. Our calculated radiative capture rates are in nice comparison with the existing data. Based on the radiative capture rates we further estimate the temperature at which the normal CNO turns into a hot CNO cycle
Numerical study of hydrodynamic molecular nanoliquid flow with heat and mass transmission between two spinning parallel plates
Authors: Shuaib Muhammad , Bilal Muhammad , Qaisar Salman
Published: November 2020

The current article illustrates a three dimensional hydrodynamics nanoliquid flow between two parallel rotating plates. The ambition of the study is to inquire the combined effects of electric and magnetic field on nanoliquid flow with mass and heat transfer characteristics. The base fluid of water is synthesized with copper oxide CuO nanoparticles. The subsequent arrangement of flow model is reduced to a dimensionless set of equations through similarity approach. For the numerical solution, the transformed equations are further tackled with the MATLAB package boundary value solver (bvp4c). To ensure the accuracy, the outcomes are also simulated by Runge Kutta fourth order method. The nature of velocity, heat, and mass transfer rate versus Reynolds number, electrical parameter, molecular diffusion, magnetic parameter and rotation parameter are sketched and discussed. The growing credit of Dufour and Soret number effectively enhances the mass transfer rate, because due to molecular diffusion, the net flux of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower concentration increases, as a result mass transfer ratio enhances. It has been concluded that CuO nanoparticles positively effects the molecular energy transmission and can be used for cooling purposes.
Charged anisotropic compact objects obeying Karmarkar condition
Authors: Gómez-Leyton Y , Javaid Hina , Rocha L S , Tello-Ortiz Francisco
Published: November 2020

This research develops a well–established analytical solution of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. We analyze the behavior of a spherically symmetric and static interior driven by a charged anisotropic matter distribution. The class I methodology is used to close the system of equations and a suitable relation between the anisotropy factor and the electric field is imposed. The inner geometry of this toy model is described using an ansatz for the radial metric potential corresponding to the well–known isotropic Buchdahl space-time. The main properties are explored in order to determine if the obtained model is appropriate to represent a real compact body such as neutron or quark star. We have fixed the mass and radii using the data of the compact objects SMC X–1 and LMC X–4. It was found that the electric field and electric charge have magnitudes of the order of  ∼1021 [V/cm] and  ∼1020 [C], respectively. The magnitude of the electric field and electric charge depends on the dimensionless parameter χ. To observe these effects on the total mass, mass–radius ratio and surface gravitational red–shift, we computed numerical data for different values of χ.
Dependences of ultrasonic modulation of coherent light on optical frequency shift and phase modulation
Authors: Weng Cuncheng , He Youwu
Published: November 2020

In ultrasound-modulated optical tomography, the incident light is frequency-shifted and phase-modulated simultaneously by ultrasound. Both the optical frequency shift and phase modulation can cause ultrasonic modulation of coherent light. However, the two types of ultrasonic modulation have not been obtained separately so far. In this paper, the two types of ultrasonic modulation are obtained separately by Raman–Nath diffraction, and analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The dependences of ultrasonic modulation on the optical frequency shift and phase modulation are therefore revealed. The intensity of ultrasound-modulated light based on the optical frequency shift varies periodically with the ultrasonic frequency. Additionally, the intensity of ultrasound-modulated light based on the optical phase modulation varies periodically at twice the ultrasonic frequency. At last, the maximum modulation depths based on the optical frequency shift and phase modulation are 0.5 and 1.67, respectively.
Measurement of electronegativity during the E to H mode transition in a radio frequency inductively coupled Ar/O2 plasma*
Authors: Du Peng-Cheng , Gao Fei , Wang Xiao-Kun , Liu Yong-Xin , Wang You-Nian
Published: November 2020

This paper presents the evolution of the electronegativity with the applied power during the E to H mode transition in a radio frequency (rf) inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in a mixture of Ar and O2. The densities of the negative ion and the electron, as well as their ratio, i.e., the electronegativity, are measured as a function of the applied power by laser photo-detachment combined with a microwave resonance probe, under different pressures and O2 contents. Meanwhile, the optical emission intensities at Ar 750.4 nm and O 844.6 nm are monitored via a spectrograph. It was found that by increasing the applied power, the electron density and the optical emission intensity show a similar trench, i.e., they increase abruptly at a threshold power, suggesting that the E to H mode transition occurs. With the increase of the pressure, the negative ion density presents opposite trends in the E-mode and the H-mode, which is related to the difference of the electron density and energy for the two modes. The emission intensities of Ar 750.4 nm and O 844.6 nm monotonously decrease with increasing the pressure or the O2 content, indicating that the density of high-energy electrons, which can excite atoms, is monotonically decreased. This leads to an increase of the negative ion density in the H-mode with increasing the pressure. Besides, as the applied power is increased, the electronegativity shows an abrupt drop during the E- to H-mode transition.
Particle-in-cell simulation of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a bounded plasma*
Authors: Wei Lin , Liu Bo , Wang Fang-Ping , Zhang Heng , Duan Wen-Shan
Published: November 2020

We study some nonlinear waves in a viscous plasma which is confined in a finite cylinder. By averaging the physical quantities on the radial direction in some cases, we reduce this system to a simple one-dimensional model. It seems that the effects of the bounded geometry (the radius of the cylinder in this case) can be included in the damping coefficient. We notice that the amplitudes of both Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitary waves and dark envelope solitary waves decrease exponentially as time increases from the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation. The dependence of damping coefficient on the cylinder radius and the viscosity coefficient is also obtained numerically and analytically. Both are in good agreement. By using a definition, we give a condition whether a solitary wave exists in a bounded plasma. Moreover, some of potential applications in laboratory experiments are suggested.
Neutron-induced single event upset simulation in Geant4 for three-dimensional die-stacked SRAM*
Authors: Mo Li-Hua , Ye Bing , Liu Jie , Luo Jie , Sun You-Mei , Cai Chang , Li Dong-Qing , Zhao Pei-Xiong , He Ze
Published: November 2020

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) have entered into the mainstream due to their high performance, high integration, and low power consumption. When used in atmospheric environments, 3D ICs are irradiated inevitably by neutrons. In this paper, a 3D die-stacked SRAM device is constructed based on a real planar SRAM device. Then, the single event upsets (SEUs) caused by neutrons with different energies are studied by the Monte Carlo method. The SEU cross-sections for each die and for the whole three-layer die-stacked SRAM device is obtained for neutrons with energy ranging from 1 MeV to 1000 MeV. The results indicate that the variation trend of the SEU cross-section for every single die and for the entire die-stacked device is consistent, but the specific values are different. The SEU cross-section is shown to be dependent on the threshold of linear energy transfer (LETth) and thickness of the sensitive volume (Tsv). The secondary particle distribution and energy deposition are analyzed, and the internal mechanism that is responsible for this difference is illustrated. Besides, the ratio and patterns of multiple bit upset (MBU) caused by neutrons with different energies are also presented. This work is helpful for the aerospace IC designers to understand the SEU mechanism of 3D ICs caused by neutrons irradiation.
Strong cosmic censorship for a scalar field in an Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black hole *
Authors: Gan Qingyu , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang
Published: November 2020

It has been shown that the Christodoulou version of the strong cosmic censorship (SCC) conjecture can be violated for a scalar field in a near-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole. In this paper, we investigate the effects of higher derivative corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert action on the validity of SCC, by considering a neutral massless scalar perturbation in

- and

-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black holes. Our numerical results show that the higher derivative term plays a different role in the

case than it does in the

case. For

, the SCC violation region increases as the strength of the higher derivative term increases. For

, the SCC violation region first increases and then decreases as the higher derivative correction becomes stronger, and SCC can always be restored for a black hole with a fixed charge ratio when the higher derivative correction is strong enough. Finally, we find that the

version of SCC is respected in the

case, but can be violated in some near-extremal regimes in the

case.
Index of a matrix, complex logarithms, and multidimensional Fresnel integrals
Authors: Vivo Pierpaolo
Published: November 2020

We critically discuss the problem of finding the λ-index

N

(

λ

)

∈

[

0
,
1
,
…
,
N

]

of a real symmetric matrix
M
, defined as the number of eigenvalues smaller than λ, using the entries of
M
as only input. We show that a widely used formula

N

(

λ

)

=

lim

ε
→

0

+

1

2
π
i

log

d
e
t

(

M
−
λ
+
i
ε

)

−
log

d
e
t

(

M
−
λ
−
i
ε

)

based on the branch-cut structure of the complex logarithm should be handled with care, as it generically fails to produce the correct result if the same branch is chosen for the two logarithms. We improve the formula using multidimensional Fresnel integrals, showing that even the new version provides at most a self-consistency equation for

N

(

λ

)

, whose solution is not guaranteed to be unique. Our results are corroborated by explicit examples and numerical evaluations.
Emotion recognition using speckle pattern analysis and k-nearest neighbors classification
Authors: Lupa Yitzhak Hadas , Tzabari Kelman Yarden , Moskovenko Alexey , Zhovnerchuk Evgenii , Zalevsky Zeev
Published: November 2020

Emotion recognition is a basic communication tool in our daily interaction, and the recognition of emotions without contact and with high sensitivity may be very useful for various purposes. This paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation in which emotions of healthy subjects were recognized while they performed facial gestures related to those different emotions. Their faces were illuminated with a few laser spots and the formed back-scattered speckle patterns were analyzed with a camera having proper optics. By analyzing the temporal variation in the spatial distribution of those speckle patterns we estimated the muscles’ contraction–release motion in specific locations. The used data amount for the estimation procedure was less than 1% of the face frame so as to maintain the subjects’ privacy. Moreover, the presented optic method enables the detection of minor movements that cannot be recognized by the naked eye or conventional visual processing. After applying the machine learning k-nearest neighbors algorithm, we succeeded in reaching 89% accuracy in the recognition of emotions for the combination of two classification steps: subject recognition among the participants, and then emotion recognition among three optional emotions: happiness, sadness and neutral expression.
Machine learning-based integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome identifies novel prognostic DNA methylation signature in uveal melanoma
Authors: Hou Ping , Bao Siqi , Fan Dandan , Yan Congcong , Su Jianzhong , Qu Jia , Zhou Meng
Published: November 2020

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular human malignancy with a high mortality rate. Aberrant DNA methylation has rapidly emerged as a diagnostic and prognostic signature in many cancers. However, such DNA methylation signature available in UVM remains limited. In this study, we performed a genome-wide integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome and identified 40 methylation-driven prognostic genes (MDPGs) associated with the tumorigenesis and progression of UVM. Then, we proposed a machine-learning-based discovery and validation strategy to identify a DNA methylation-driven signature (10MeSig) composing of 10 MDPGs (AZGP1, BAI1, CCDC74A, FUT3, PLCD1, S100A4, SCN8A, SEMA3B, SLC25A38 and SLC44A3), which stratified 80 patients of the discovery cohort into two risk subtypes with significantly different overall survival (HR = 29, 95% CI: 6.7–126, P < 0.001). The 10MeSig was validated subsequently in an independent cohort with 57 patients and yielded a similar prognostic value (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7, P = 0.006). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that the 10MeSig is an independent predictive factor for the survival of patients with UVM. With a prospective validation study, this 10MeSig will improve clinical decisions and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of UVM.
The Biological Deserts Fallacy: Cities in Their Landscapes Contribute More than We Think to Regional Biodiversity
Authors: Spotswood Erica N , Beller Erin E , Grossinger Robin , Grenier J Letitia , Heller Nicole E , Aronson Myla F J
Published: November 2020

Cities are both embedded within and ecologically linked to their surrounding landscapes. Although urbanization poses a substantial threat to biodiversity, cities also support many species, some of which have larger populations, faster growth rates, and higher productivity in cities than outside of them. Despite this fact, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the potentially beneficial links between cities and their surroundings. We identify five pathways by which cities can benefit regional ecosystems by releasing species from threats in the larger landscape, increasing regional habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity, acting as migratory stopovers, preadapting species to climate change, and enhancing public engagement and environmental stewardship. Increasing recognition of these pathways could help cities identify effective strategies for supporting regional biodiversity conservation and could provide a science-based platform for incorporating biodiversity alongside other urban greening goals.
High Throughput Semiquantitative UHPSFC–MS/MS Lipid Profiling and Lipid Class Determination
Authors: Bartosova Zdenka , Gonzalez Susana Villa , Voigt André , Bruheim Per
Published: November 2020

High throughput and high-resolution lipid analyses are important for many biological model systems and research questions. This comprises both monitoring at the individual lipid species level and broad lipid classes. Here, we present a nontarget semiquantitative lipidomics workflow based on ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC)-mass spectrometry (MS). The optimized chromatographic conditions enable the base-line separation of both nonpolar and polar classes in a single 7-minute run. Ionization efficiencies of lipid classes vary 10folds in magnitude and great care must be taken in a direct interpretation of raw data. Therefore, the inclusion of internal standards or experimentally determined Response factors (RF) are highly recommended for the conversion of raw abundances into (semi) quantitative data. We have deliberately developed an algorithm for automatic semiquantification of lipid classes by RF. The workflow was tested and validated using a bovine liver extract with satisfactory results. The RF corrected data provide a more representative relative lipid class determination, but also the interpretation of individual lipid species should be performed on RF corrected data. In addition, semiquantification can be improved by using internal or also external standards when more accurate quantitative data are of interest but this requires validation for all new sample types. The workflow established greatly extends the potential of nontarget UHPSFC–MS/MS based analysis.
Estimated Incidence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Illness and Hospitalization—United States, February–September 2020
Authors: Reese Heather , Iuliano A Danielle , Patel Neha N , Garg Shikha , Kim Lindsay , Silk Benjamin J , Hall Aron J , Fry Alicia , Reed Carrie
Published: November 2020

Background

In the United States, laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is nationally notifiable. However, reported case counts are recognized to be less than the true number of cases because detection and reporting are incomplete and can vary by disease severity, geography, and over time.

Methods

To estimate the cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, symptomatic illnesses, and hospitalizations, we adapted a simple probabilistic multiplier model. Laboratory-confirmed case counts that were reported nationally were adjusted for sources of underdetection based on testing practices in inpatient and outpatient settings and assay sensitivity.

Results

We estimated that through the end of September, 1 of every 2.5 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 2.0–3.1) hospitalized infections and 1 of every 7.1 (95% UI: 5.8–9.0) nonhospitalized illnesses may have been nationally reported. Applying these multipliers to reported SARS-CoV-2 cases along with data on the prevalence of asymptomatic infection from published systematic reviews, we estimate that 2.4 million hospitalizations, 44.8 million symptomatic illnesses, and 52.9 million total infections may have occurred in the US population from 27 February–30 September 2020.

Conclusions

These preliminary estimates help demonstrate the societal and healthcare burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic and can help inform resource allocation and mitigation planning.
A critical discussion of inclusive approaches to sexualities in ELT
Authors: Bollas Angelos
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to challenge heteronormative as well as homonormative practices in English language teaching. In doing so, the paper demonstrates that both complete absence of LGBTQI+ references in ELT materials, as well as recent attempts to provide more inclusive approaches to materials design and classroom practices, can be problematic for L2 learners irrespective of their sexuality. The paper traces current developments in ELT materials design with regards to inclusive classroom practices and argues that attempts towards exclusivity may reflect (hetero/homo)normative views, and can therefore perpetuate a culture—learning and otherwise—of discrimination and social exclusion. It concludes by identifying the need for an alternative approach—one that does not focus on inclusion but on diversity.
The bright side of social cheaters: potential beneficial roles of “social cheaters” in microbial communities
Authors: García-Contreras Rodolfo , Loarca Daniel
Published: November 2020

Cooperation in microbial communities via production of public goods is susceptible to social cheating, since selfish individuals that do not contribute to their synthesis but benefit from their production thrive in the presence of cooperators. This behavior has been observed in the laboratory using bacterial and yeast models. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that cheating is frequent in natural microbial communities. In the laboratory, social cheating can promote population collapse or “tragedy of the commons” when excessive. Nevertheless, there are diverse mechanisms that counteract cheating in microbes, as well as theoretical and experimental evidence that suggests possible beneficial roles of social cheaters for the microbial populations. In this mini review manuscript we compile and discuss such possible roles.
Costs of open, arthroscopic and combined surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Hassebrock Jeffrey D , Wyles Cody C , Hevesi Mario , Maradit-Kremers Hilal , Christensen Austin L , Levey Bruce A , Trousdale Robert T , Sierra Rafael J , Bingham Joshua S
Published: November 2020

A variety of options exist for management of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Most studies to date have focused on clinical outcomes; however, there are currently no data on comparative cost of these techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in-hospital costs between patients managed with periacetabular osteotomy, hip arthroscopy or a combination for DDH. One hundred and nine patients were included: 35 PAO + HA, 32 PAO and 42 HA. There were no significant differences in the demographic parameters. Operative times were significantly different between groups with a mean of 52 min for PAO, 100 min for HA and 155 min for PAO + HA, (P < 0.001). Total direct medical costs were calculated and adjusted to nationally representative unit costs in 2017 inflation-adjusted dollars. Total in-hospital costs were significantly different between each of the three treatment groups. PAO + HA was the most expensive with a median of $21 852, followed by PAO with a median of $15 124, followed by HA with a median of $11 582 (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference between outpatient median costs of $11 385 compared with $24 320 for inpatients (P < 0.001). Procedures with greater complexity were more expensive. However, a change from outpatient to inpatient status with HA moved that group from the least expensive to similar to PAO and PAO + HA. These data provide an important complement to clinical outcomes reports as surgeons and policymakers aim to provide optimal value.