METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS IN THE WORKS OF AL FARABI
Authors:   doctor of pedagogical sciences, professor, academician of the National academy of sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, director of the center for pedagogical education - head of the department of methods of teaching mathematics, physics and informatics of Abay KazNPU, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abylkasymova Alma Esimbekovna,  ,   aabylkassymova@mail.ru,   orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-7984, Kusherbaeva Maikul Rakhmanberdievna,  ,   doctoral student Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; kmaikul@mail.ru; orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-7905, Tamaev Sabit Tamaevich,  ,   PhD in Physics and Mathematics, Professor Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh.Dulati, Taraz, Kazakhstan; tamayev.sabit@mail.ru; orcid.org/0000-0002-7283-2725
Published: December 2020

This year, at the UNESCO level, the 1150th anniversary of Abu Nasir al-Farabi (870-950), a world famous figure in all fields of science born in Otyrar, is the center of science and education, culture in the Middle Ages. The idea of the great scientist, who at one time was able to analyze at a high level the works of Aristotle and Plato, who became the great philosopher of their time, has not lost its relevance to this day, having formed a new system of thinking through his scientific works and raise the intellectual level of the scientific worldview.He knew that one of the main goals of science was to serve the good of mankind and bring real benefits to the development of civilization. His works have been translated into several languages and recognized throughout Europe. Thanks to the Kazakh intelligentsia, the heritage of the scientist was returned to our country in the 60-70s of the 20th century. Since then, a lot of work has been done to study the works of the great scientist, namely: from 1978 to 1993, he published about four hundred works in various areas of pharabology in the Kazakh and Russian languages, and from 1991 to 2012, including 85 monographs from 1998 to 2012, materials of 38 scientific and practical conferences from 2000 to 2009, from 1992 to 2012 published 225 scientific articles. And this year it is expected to further increase the research of the scientist's work. In the works of the great thinker, questions of mathematics and the teaching of mathematics also occupy a special place. According to Iraqi scientist Omar Farrukh, al-Farabi is the author of about 70 works on geometry, astronomy, music, calendars and measuring instruments. According to Farabi, mathematics deepens human knowledge and has a direct impact on the development of other sciences, and physics is the science of nature, its basic principles and parts, chances involving natural bodies, the interaction of natural data and elements that have a direct impact on the development of science. Therefore, these two sciences, which are the core of natural science education, require continuous addition and development. The most important methodological problems of physics and mathematics are considered in "The Essence of the Problem" by al-Farabi, Aristotle's commentary "Category" and other philosophical works, the idea of the universal application of mathematics in astronomy, mechanics, music, various applications (arithmetic and geometry). shows the close connection of mathematical concepts and methods with the real world. Also, from the pedagogical works of the scientist, one can notice that the problems of education and upbringing should be closely related. He said that “a person must first be given upbringing, not education, education without upbringing is the worst enemy of mankind. It will harm his life in the future”. Enriching and revising the scientific and philosophical works of the scientist, we see that he was one of the greatest personalities in the history of pedagogy. Therefore, this article provides an overview of a number of Al-Farabi's works in this area and describes the methodological aspects of interdisciplinary communication in teaching physics and mathematics.