bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karol Irzykowski and Feliks Kuczkowski: (Theory of) Animation as the Cinema of Pure Movement
Authors: Kuc Kamila
Published: October 2016

Karol Irzykowski’s The Tenth Muse: Aesthetic Aspects of Cinema (1924) is the first extended study exploring the status of cinema as art in the Polish language. This article looks at these aspects of Irzykowski’s book that relate to his theory of animated film. As the author shows, Irzykowski’s perception of animation can be seen as an effect of his rapport with a Polish animator, Feliks Kuczkowski, as well as Irzykowski’s admiration of Paul Wegener’s films. However, as will be discussed, Irzykowski did not always perceive film as art in the same way as he did painting and sculpture. It is the author’s contention that it was the German critical thinker Rudolf Maria Holzapfel’s theory of appropriate and inappropriate arts that prompted Irzykowski to reconsider his views on film as art. As will be shown, Irzykowski’s theory of animated film developed largely through his familiarity with Kuczkowski’s work and Kuczkowski remains the only known Polish figure who made animated films since 1916. In line with many contemporary developments in the arts, Kuczkowski made his films according to his principle of ‘synthetic-visionary’ film. His innovative ideas are thought of as having influenced such key figures of Polish animation as Jan Lenica and Walerian Borowczyk, while aspects of Irzykowski’s theory can be found in the work of such key Polish avant-garde filmmakers of the 1930s as Jalu Kurek and Stefan Themerson. This article will demonstrate that the rapport between Irzykowski and Kuczkowski was crucial to establishing a dialogue between theory and practice as will be later seen in relation to the emerging film avant-gardes.
‘I’m Not a Real Boy, I’m a Puppet’: Computer-Animated Films and Anthropomorphic Subjectivity
Authors: Holliday Christopher
Published: October 2016

This article rethinks anthropomorphic representation and animated animality within the context of the contemporary digital era and, more precisely, against the rise of the computer-animated feature film. By interrogating the fractured identity of the anthropomorph as a necessarily hybrid figuration, it suggests how popular computer-animated films have rejected ánthrōpos and instead exploited the non-human morphē element to manipulate virtual space through anthropomorphic subjectivity. The anthropomorph is here refined into a more prescriptive and functional agent, absorbing viewers into a spectatorial game that sharpens their awareness of the digital realm. Films such as Ratatouille (Brad Bird, 2007) and Bee Movie (Simon J Smith and Steve Hickner, 2007) are offered as case studies that reflect the shift towards the form or morphē element, one that is registered through a particular mode of subjectified address. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s notion of ‘gaseous perception’ to elucidate this delivery of enlivened space, this article argues that the computer-animated film is implicated in a hierarchical switch away from humanlike behaviour to embrace the possibilities of the anthropomorph’s non-human morphē identity, thereby upturning the received narrative of how anthropomorphism has been conceptualized among critical studies of animation.
Online Mathematics Homework Increases Student Achievement
Authors: Roschelle Jeremy , Feng Mingyu , Murphy Robert F. , Mason Craig A.
Published: October 2016

In a randomized field trial with 2,850 seventh-grade mathematics students, we evaluated whether an educational technology intervention increased mathematics learning. Assigning homework is common yet sometimes controversial. Building on prior research on formative assessment and adaptive teaching, we predicted that combining an online homework tool with teacher training could increase learning. The online tool ASSISTments (a) provides timely feedback and hints to students as they do homework and (b) gives teachers timely, organized information about students’ work. To test this prediction, we analyzed data from 43 schools that participated in a random assignment experiment in Maine, a state that provides every seventh-grade student with a laptop to take home. Results showed that the intervention significantly increased student scores on an end-of-the-year standardized mathematics assessment as compared with a control group that continued with existing homework practices. Students with low prior mathematics achievement benefited most. The intervention has potential for wider adoption.
Dalit Children Dropout in Schools: Need for Inclusive Curriculum
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Kumar Dhiraj
Published: October 2016

Dalit children are generally marginal with respect to students of other categories, and their dropout rate is an alarming situation in India. Scholars, social scientists and educationists have tried to understand the reasons of student disengagement from the school system and have revealed various causes and given many varied suggestions that are related to a child’s family background and socio-cultural background. Although several attempts have been made to understand the reasons for dropout, still it is not explored well. Also, cultural politics for dropout of particular group is not yet explored at the micro and macro levels. In this article, we try to understand how school, through its structures and ideology including textbook culture, influences student’s decisions to stay out. This study also considers traditional explanations for understanding the socio-background behaviours of the children for dropout. At the same time, we try to understand the role of school in Dalit children dropout.
Of Dalits, Disabilities and Devadasis
Authors: Dutt Payel Rai Chowdhury
Published: October 2016

Perched precariously on the intersection of caste, class, gender and disability, the Dalit woman suffers multiple forms of discrimination simultaneously and throughout her lifetime—as a Dalit, as a poor and as a woman with disability. With the caste system making a blatant declaration that Dalit women are intrinsically impure and ‘untouchable’, systematic social exclusion and endemic exploitation against this largely invisible section of the women population is not just sanctioned but enforced with impunity. This article attempts to undertake an exploration of the interrelationship between disability, gender, caste and class in Dalit people’s access to opportunities, hoping thereby, to contribute towards perceiving exclusion and marginalities better when it comes to addressing the Dalit experience in an unequal society.
Panipanchayats for Whom: Investigating Preclusion of Dalit Women in Participatory Irrigation Institutions
Authors: Dasthagir K. Gulam
Published: October 2016

Enquiring into social exclusion in operationalization of global models of participatory development, this article makes an exclusive attempt to analyze Dalit women’s access to canal water and exclusion in Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM). Applying Agarwal’s model of participatory exclusions, qualitative and quantitative data of this research reveal that developmental interventions also largely prove to foster social oppression and latent social exclusion in the case of Dalit women as these interventions are not adequately designed to alleviate the deprivation of the marginalized communities on the pretext of institutional efficiency. Consequently, reproduction of caste–class–gender inequalities in user groups and hydraulic networks largely and severally marginalizing Dalit women at all levels of Panipanchayats to a greater extent, engender and perpetuate preclusion of Dalit women in PIM.
Structural Determination, DFT Calculation, and Formation Mechanism of Ethyl 2-Cyano-3-alkoxypent-2-enoates Synthesized via Ru-Mediated Coupling Reaction between α,β-Unsaturated Acetals and Cyanoacetate
Authors: Seino Hidetake , Kondo Takumi , Mochizuki Chihiro , Tokunaga Ken , Yamaguchi Motowo , Sato Mitsunobu
Published: October 2016

Ethyl 2-cyano-3-alkoxypent-2-enoates were synthesized in moderate yields via the coupling reaction between α,β-unsaturated acetals and cyanoacetate, catalyzed by [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3]. The E- and Z-isomers were separated and determined by X-ray crystallography for the first time. Structural distortion associated with steric hindrance around the tetrasubstituted alkene moiety was revealed: e.g., the C(carbonyl)–C(α)–C(β) angle expands to about 125°. Density functional theory calculation was performed, and the restricted B3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set was found to successfully elucidate the solid-state structure and conformation, as well as spectroscopic properties. A plausible formation mechanism was proposed, in which the Ru complex catalyzed the C=C bond migration of the α,β-unsaturated acetal to give the corresponding ketene acetal and assisted the subsequent condensation reaction with cyanoacetate to some extent.
Increased abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood is associated with tissue damage
Authors: Rinchai Darawan , Kewcharoenwong Chidchamai , Kessler Bianca , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana , Chaussabel Damien
Published: October 2016

Background: Members of the ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain) family have emerged as critical regulators of cell-cell signaling during development and homeostasis. ADAM9 is consistently overexpressed in various human cancers, and has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, little is known about the involvement of ADAM9 during immune-mediated processes.

Results: Mining of an extensive compendium of transcriptomic datasets identified important gaps in knowledge regarding the possible role of ADAM9 in immunological homeostasis and inflammation: 1) The abundance of ADAM9 transcripts in the blood was increased in patients with acute infection but, 2) changed very little after in vitro exposure to a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). 3) Furthermore it was found to increase significantly in subjects as a result of tissue injury or tissue remodeling, in absence of infectious processes.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ADAM9 may constitute a valuable biomarker for the assessment of tissue damage, especially in clinical situations where other inflammatory markers are confounded by infectious processes.
LEGISLATION NOVELS ON APPEALS IN THE СOMMUNITY OF INDEPENDENT STATES
Authors: Савоськин Александр , Savoskin Aleksandr
Published: October 2016

The subject of present study is changes in the laws on citizens’ appeals in the Community of Independent States in the last 5 years. There is a more detailed analyses of rules that’s provided legal entities with constitutional right to appeal; rules on electronic appeals; rules on new (non-traditional) appeals arising in the Internet. Subsequent to the results of the analysis the following points are main conclusions: 1) in recent years, three CIS countries’ laws on appeals fully set forth in a new wording, and the rest laws have changed significantly; 2) legislations of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus and Ukraine contain most of the novels, while for Russian legislation it is typical to establish new forms of appeals into subordinate regulation; 3) almost all CIS countries recognize electronic appeals, but their detailed legal regulation is absent; 4) an electronic digital signature is mandatory for electronic appeals in five countries of the CIS; 5) fundamentally new types of appeals that involve the collection of votes by Internet and estimate activity of authorities have emerged in the CIS countries. Such appeals can be submitted only by means of official sites in the Internet and are the least understood in legal theory, while their place in the system of the constitutional right to appeal is not defined.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE DURING THE CAMPAIGN OF THE YEAR 2014 AND ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE ELECTORAL LAW OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Маликова Гульчехра , Malikova Gulchekhra
Published: October 2016

In this publication, author analyzes rules of electoral law according to the elections’ results of representative bodies of the Republic of Uzbekistan held in 2014. Despite the fact that a number of changes and additions were introduced to the electoral law, each election points at loopholes and features left out of consideration, or at newly discovered facts. After the next elections for the representative bodies the election mechanism has identified specific aspects, which should be clearly specified. In this connection, the author tries to underline those rules, which lead to «suffering» of practical mechanism.
THE FORMS OF DIRECT DEMOCRACY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND CITIZEN’S PARTICIPATION IN ITS OPERATION: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ларичев Александр , Larichev Aleksandr
Published: October 2016

This article examines state and prospects of direct democracy forms’ development in local government and citizen’s participation in its operation in Canada. The regulation of appropriate forms is present both in the law of the provinces and municipalities. It is stated that these forms show a positive trend of development, however, there are a number of problems in this sphere, associated specifically with the lack of appropriate system’s development of legal guarantees and uncertainty of the constitutional and legal status of the local government as an institution. At the same time, certain experience in implementation of forms of direct democracy at the local level (in particular, organization of electronic voting in elections) deserves attention and further study.
CERTAIN IMPOSITION ISSUES OF REPUBLIC OF ITALY’S STATE POLICY
Authors: Соловьев Иван , Solovev Ivan
Published: October 2016

The article considers certain imposition issues of Republic of Italy’s state policy, particularly the taxing authorities’ individual counseling of taxpayers (ruling) carried out on the basis of the Consumer Charter that’s systematized and codified the principles that existed earlier in the legislation. Common European approaches have been studied that addresses optimization issues of taxation and it’s distinction from tax evasion, as well as the attitude of the Italian legislators on this issue, based both on courts’ decisions of various judicial instances, and on civil and the tax legislations’ special rules. This attitude is that taxpayer’s simple execution of multi-move financial and business operations, not aimed at any direct economic outcome, can be considered as a suspicion of tax evasion by means of tax optimization. In addition, there is the detailed analysis of the powers, the structure and the performance of the Financial Guard which is a law enforcement body providing economic and fiscal security of the Italian state, where the whole cycle of identification, suppression and investigation of tax crimes are concentrated.
REGULATION OF SWAP AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER CENTRAL BANKS BY THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM OF THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Мехтиев Мехти Галиб , Mekhtiev Mekhti Galib
Published: October 2016

The present article evaluates history of swap agreements’ application and their functioning system in the framework of intercentral bank relations (in particular by the Federal Reserve System of the United States (the Fed)). Swap includes two transactions: the first is a currency exchange on the spot market rate and the second is a future transaction on the rate defined in advance. This mechanism proved its efficiency within its application through history. In 1970s, during a radical transformation period of an entire global currency architecture caused by collapse of Bretton Woods’s system the Fed applied swap agreements to promote stability on financial markets and particularly on currency markets. Later during the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 these agreements again have become rescue measures for the global financial system, as the financial shock caused liquidity deficit for financial institutions and thus cut dramatically credit supply. And finally nowadays the global financial system is badly in need of swap agreements. The swaps’ force of attraction is that firstly it differs from crediting as the latter is one way currency extension, while swap agreement is the exchange of equivalent values. And secondly it fixes the rate of the future currency transaction what lightens both monetary regulation within national jurisdiction and regulation on the level of public international law.
THE HAGUE CONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO TRUSTS AND TO THEIR RECOGNITION
Authors: Касаткина Александра , Kasatkina Aleksandra
Published: October 2016

In modern society, characterized by the increasing complexity of economic relations, it is easy to imagine a situation in which institutions existing in one legal system do not coincide with those adopted in another legal system, and at the same time are used by its subjects. According to the analysis of foreign legislation, increasing development among the usual organizational legal forms of legal entities is received by the trust. And there is a reason. Trust is a special institution that provides extremely flexible mechanism for managing the property that can save individualistic beginning. Currently the trust becomes one of the most attractive investment vehicles and that is why so many scientists, politicians and economists are paying more attention to it. Therefore the analysis of the Hague Convention on the law applicable to trusts and their recognition are of great importance. The Convention is somehow a compromise between the two legal systems and constitutes a very convenient way to bring trust into the civil law states’ legal systems. It appears that the research of main trust characteristics might be relevant for our country as well, because sooner or later Russian legislator must decide whether to permit the trust in the domestic legislation.
PROTECTION OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN STATES
Authors: Сакаева Олеся , Sakaeva Olesya
Published: October 2016

The article deals with the tendency of establishment of human-rights-based gender-specific and child-centred approach to the preventing and combating trafficking in human beings. Comparative analysis of the norms of universal and regional international acts in the field of the combating trafficking in human beings shows that norms on the victims’ protection are primarily dispositive and the features of their implementation are left to national legislators. The role of the national referral mechanisms is emphasized because these mechanisms help to prevent illegal immigrants from posing as trafficking victims. The author hopes that humanizing tendency of contemporary international law on the whole and human-rights-based approach to the combating trafficking in human beings as its part will be growing; and holistic approach will be implemented by all countries in order to make the fight against human trafficking effective.
DEROGATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS DURING STATES OF EMERGENCY (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL BODIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS)
Authors: Киселева Ольга , Kiseleva Olga
Published: October 2016

In case of emergency state authorities are more inclined to abuse their powers and authority, so the international community created a complex system of application for derogation, which has its own features in every international treaty for the protection of human rights. Moreover, there are only general expressions in the texts of international treaties, while the necessary interpretation of legal derogation from the obligations is contained in the acts of international human rights bodies (in judicial decisions, as well as interpretations, such as the General Comment of the United Nations Human Rights Committee). This article analyses different approaches of the international bodies to the regulation of derogation of human rights during states of emergency.
Law and Legal Nihilism
Authors: Хассельбальк Оле , Khasselbalk Ole
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to consideration of issues of legal nihilism in modern society. The author highlights the main causes and conditions contributing to emergence of legal nihilism. Among them: disappointment with the way in which the formal rules work or the way in which they are administered; the fact that on the economic level it is more profitable not to accept them, or unwillingness to let humans make law since law is given by God, Allah or another divine being. Based on the analysis of the current state of legal regulation in Denmark, the author outlines current factors influencing the development of legal nihilism in the country. The author refers to them the following. Firstly, decisions made by Parliament are no longer regarded as trustworthy as before because it is no long in the same direct contact with the voters as before where they had to argue their cases directly face to face in the assembly houses. Secondly, most Danish legislation today is not a consequence of discussions in the Danish Parliament but an implementation of EU-legislation. Thirdly, professional lobbyism has become a major factor in influencing politicians, the consequence being that the interests of the lobbyist. Fourthly, judges are not trusted to the same degree as before. On the author’s opinion, the optimal way to overcome legal nihilism is returning elements of direct participation of people in decision-making process.
CONSIDERATION OF A CASE IN THE MERITS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF SWISS CONFEDERATION (PART 1)
Authors: Трефилов Александр , Trefilov Aleksandr
Published: October 2016

In the present article which is made of two parts the author analyses consideration of a case in the merits in Swiss criminal procedure, taking into account revised Criminal Procedural Code of Switzerland of 2007. The author researches the stage of preliminary proceedings, the composition of court of first instance, the limits of the case, the refusal of the prosecutor of charge,
oath procedures, the structural elements of the merits, the court’s role at this stage of the process, features of sentence as a judicial act and regulation of legal costs. The author draws attention to the fact that in this legal order the court is active and has a wide discretion in matters of evidence and the conduct of investigations. This approach is stipulated by the principle of objective truth which is the basis of the Swiss criminal procedure and directly established in Art. 6 of the Swiss Criminal Procedure Code. These issues are reviewed in a comparative manner, which includes Russian justice as well. The author offers specific recommendations for improvement of the Russian Criminal Procedure Code.
CHARACTERISTICS OF REVISION OF SENTENCES IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Authors: Закарян Саркис , Zakaryan Sarkis
Published: October 2016

In this article the author examines the system of judicial stages on the revision of sentences in criminal proceedings of foreign countries, for example France, Germany, Belarus and Kazakhstan. The author analyzes the norms of criminal procedure legislation of these countries which are regulating the grievance procedure, the procedure, grounds and forms of review of sentences that entered and not entered into force in courts of the different levels of the judicial system of these countries. The author draws attention to the organization of the system of judicial stages which review the judicial decisions in criminal proceedings in the above mentioned countries, which consists of 3 instances, mutually explanatory of each other by forms, procedure, the object and limit of the criminal proceedings, the grounds for cancellation or changing of judicial decisions. The author notes that in the system of courts of the countries under consideration only once was reviewed the judicial decision entered into legal force. The author identifies a number of characteristics of the organization and activities of judicial stages to review verdict in the above mentioned countries, which may be of interest for the further reform of domestic legislation governing the organization and activity of control procedures in criminal proceedings.
LEGAL REGULATION OF IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
Authors: Кичигин Николай , Kichigin Nikolay
Published: October 2016

The article compares the legal regulation and the law enforcement practice relating to the conduct of environmental assessment in the Russian Federation, procedures for environmental assessment, which is applicable abroad (USA, EU, China). Through the use of historical, comparative legal methods of research concludes that the national system of environmental assessment in the Russian Federation, including the assessment of impact of perspective economic and other activities on environment and ecological examination, is not an effective one and does not meet international standards of environmental assessment. The article analyzes the reasons for the ineffectiveness of environmental assessment in the Russian Federation, identifies the main differences of the Russian model of environmental assessment from their foreign counterparts. The main differences between Russian and foreign models are as follows: stages of the environmental assessment process (no stages of screening and scoping), conduct environmental assessment at the earliest stage of economic activity and at the stage of preparation of project documentation, the lack of methodology for the environmental assessment process, the lack of differentiation of environmental assessment on the individual direction of research, etc. These differences lead to the imperfection and ineffectiveness of environmental assessment in the Russian Federation and need to be addressed. The results can be used in legislative activities in the preparation of draft normative legal acts in the educational activity.
THE BRAZILIAN FOREST CODE OF 2012: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS AND CURRENT STATUS
Authors: Попова Елена , Popova Elena , Руднев Никита , Rudnev Nikita
Published: October 2016

The article is devoted to historical and legal analysis and current status of forest legislation in Brazil. The article presents a brief historical overview of forest legislation in Brazil and a detailed description of the new Forest code of 2012, as a legislative act, the adoption of which is due to the deteriorating environmental situation and the necessity of its overcoming. The article describes the circumstances under which this legislation was adopt and concludes with a content analysis of the Forest code, in particular, its main principles such as the commitment of Brazil to protect its forests and other forms of natural vegetation, biodiversity, soils, water resources and the integrity of the climate system; shared responsibility of State, Federal districts and municipalities in cooperation with civil society for policy on conservation and restoration of natural vegetation and its ecological and social functions; creation and mobilization of economic incentives to encourage the preservation and restoration of natural vegetation and sustainable development of productive activities. In addition, the article reveals the purpose of the adoption of the Forest code. It is an establishment of basic rules for preservation in the sphere of forest management. The article also gives the basic terminology of the code. In the end, the authors come to the conclusion that the new code has politically compromise character and its partial conformity with the objectives pursued in its adoption.
SOME ASPECTS OF FOREST RELATIONS LEGAL REGULATION IN RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Абанина Елена , Abanina Elena
Published: October 2016

The article analyses certain issues of forest law regulated by the norms of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation and the Forest Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (examined the terminological apparatus of laws; questions on ownership of the forest lands of the forest fund, reforestation and afforestation). The study shows an alternative approach to the possibility of establishing private ownership of forest areas without the transfer of forest lands into private hands and without reduction of the area of lands of forest fund in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article analyses the peculiarities of criminal responsibility for illegal cuttings of forest stands (trees, shrubs). Examine the differences in the regulation of compensation for harm caused to forests as a result of violation of forest legislation (for charging and economic methods for calculating damage). Overall, the article notes the defaults and emphasizes the good provisions of the laws of both countries in order to harmonize natural resources legislation within the Eurasian space.
Bochvar's Three-Valued Logic and Literal Paralogics: Their Lattice and Functional Equivalence
Authors: Karpenko Alexander , Tomova Natalya
Published: October 2016

In the present paper, various features of the class of propositional literal paralogics are considered. Literal paralogics are logics in which the paraproperties such as paraconsistence, paracompleteness and paranormality, occur only at the level of literals; that is, formulas that are propositional letters or their iterated negations. We begin by analyzing Bochvar’s three-valued nonsense logic B3 , which includes two isomorphs of the propositional classical logic CPC. The combination of these two ‘strong’ isomorphs leads to the construction of two famous paralogics P1 and I1, which are functionally equivalent. Moreover, each of these logics is functionally equivalent to the fragment of logic B3 consisting of external formulas only. In conclusion, we structure a four-element lattice of three-valued paralogics with respect to the possession of paraproperties.
Land use effects on nutrient concentrations in a small watershed in northeast Brazil
Authors: Silva Daniela Mariano Lopes da , Souza Marcelo F. Landim de , Silva Fernanda Santos , De Paula Francisco Carlos Fernandes , Moraes Maria Eugênia Bruck de , Strenzel Gil Marcelo Reuss
Published: October 2016

Increases of N and P discharges from inland waters to coastal environments are the by-products of human activities such as agricultural practices. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of land use change in nutrient concentrations in a small watershed in southern Bahia, Brazil. The study sites were characterized by secondary forest (P1), sand mining (P2), cocoa cultivation (P3), pasture (P4) and mangrove (P5). Dissolved forms of both nitrogen and phosphorus were higher than particulate forms in all sites. The DON concentration was higher than the DIN and the concentration of DON made up 60-73% of the total TDN. Seasonally, high variations between dry and rainy season were not observed in nutrient concentrations in Cururupe River Basin, with the exception of DON, which was higher in the rainy season. DIN, DON and PON export varies over the hydrological year indicating that fluxes were correlated with runoff. Even though the primary vegetation of The Cururupe River Basin was converted to different croplands, mainly cocoa production, the water quality presented low alterations in N and P export from upstream to downstream.
Complete Response of Linear Circuits to Periodic Nonsinusoidal Input in MATLAB
Authors: Tomčíková Iveta
Published: October 2016

The paper deals with the proposal for finding
the complete response of dynamic linear circuits to a
periodic nonsinusoidal input in the MATLAB environment.
A very powerful tool for solving the given problem is to
transform the circuits directly into the complex frequency
domain using the Laplace transform and then apply the
sparse tableau analysis technique to solve them. Applying
above-mentioned methods in the MATLAB environment, it
is not difficult to find the complete response of dynamic
linear circuits to the periodic input.
LOS CROMOSOMAS Y LAS REGIONES ORGANIZADORAS DEL NUCLEOLO EN Amphisbaena kingii (BELL, 1833) (SQUAMATA: AMPHISBAENIDAE) DEL NORTE DE ARGENTINA
Authors: Ruiz García José Augusto , Hernando Alejandra B
Published: October 2016

Con el objetivo de ampliar el conocimiento citogenético de los anfis-bénidos, describimos el cariotipo y la localización de los organizado-res nucleolares de Amphisbaena kingii y analizamos los resultados enel contexto de una filogenia molecular reciente. Las preparacionescromosómicas obtenidas a partir de epitelio intestinal y testículofueron teñidas con coloración convencional y argéntica. El númerodiploide es 26, el más bajo conocido para los Amphisbaenia. La tin-ción Ag– NOR reveló la localización de los organizadores nucleolaresen la región telomérica del par 3. Los macrocromosomas tienen lamisma longitud relativa que A. darwini, A. trachura y A. heterozonatay la posición del NORs es un carácter compartido con A. microcepha-lum. A. kingii integra un clado formado por especies que poseen 12macrocromosomas bibraquiados.
APORTES A LA DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE Rondonia rondoni TRAVASSOS, 1920 (ASCARIDIDA, ATRACTIDAE), PARÁSITO DE Pterodoras granulosus (SILURIFORMES, DORADIDAE), EN EL SISTEMA PARANÁ MEDIO (SANTA FE, ARGENTINA)
Authors: Chemes Silvina B. , Gervasoni Silvia H. , Virasoro Carlos
Published: October 2016

Se registró la presencia de Rondonia rondoni (Ascaridida, Atractidae)en la provincia de Santa Fe, extendiendo su distribución geográficahacia el Sistema Paraná Medio, región central de Argentina. Los pa-rásitos fueron extraídos del tracto digestivo de Pterodoras granulosus(Pisces, Doradidae) y conservados en el Museo Provincial de CienciasNaturales F. Ameghino (Santa Fe). Rondonia rondoni es un nemátodefrecuente en peces dulceacuícolas neotropicales por lo que la amplia-ción de su distribución geográfica con registros fehacientes, consti-tuye un aporte al conocimiento de la diversidad zoológica regional.
Papeles de investigación: Amir Hamed: ensayar el final
Authors: Catalin Mariana
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo se propone explorar las vi-siones del final y el lugar que la literatura ocu-pa en las mismas en la ensayística del escritoruruguayo Amir Hamed. Para esto, se realizaráun acercamiento a la visión apocalíptica quese expone en Mal y Neomal (2007) y, luego, seextenderá la investigación a una serie de textosreunidos en Henciclopedia, para observar cómoel asedio al final de los tiempos se convierte enun impulso para la propia escritura, en el marcode una reflexión en torno a los modos de otor-gar valor a las prácticas artísticas en un contextoque se presenta marcado por el agotamiento.
Papeles de investigación: Notas sobre las melancolías y las perezas en La mafia rusa, de Daniel Link
Authors: Molina Cristian
Published: October 2016

El presente trabajo sobre los relatos de mercadoen Daniel Link y sus relaciones con el mercadoen el siglo xxi es parte de uno mayor respectodel problema en el Cono Sur. Aquí exploro losmatices que adquiere la melancolía y la perezaen La mafia rusa de Daniel Link, así como eluso del blog en tanto dispositivo de circulaciónque pone en juego una heterocronía temporalcontemporánea melancólica. Por ende, me de-tengo en los sentidos que adquiere la melanco-lía en la máquina narrativa de Daniel Link, y enlas implicancias que esa multiplicidad conllevaen diversos niveles. La hipótesis que sostengoes que así como existen múltiples melancolíasen Link, hay algunas que adquieren una posi-tividad vital: sobre todo aquellas que las reivin-dican como formas de supervivencia futura delpasado en el presente a partir de fantasmagoríasque aparecen en las ficciones. Estos sentidos dela melancolía se articulan además con la perezacomo una forma activa de la misma que reve-la disonancias con el mercado. Por último, laspropias circulaciones entre el blog, la red y ellibro revelan un dispositivo perezoso y melan-cólico de intervención que desestabiliza los va-lores (económicos y simbólicos) del mercado enel que circulan.
Dossier: Ensayar una cita. A tontas, a ciegas, a locas. ¿Para quién escribe el crítico especializado?
Authors: Bocchino Adriana A.
Published: October 2016

Se trata de pensar el problema de la escrituracrítica con relación a sus eventuales lectores alritmo de la escritura del presente ensayo. En estesentido, la propuesta opta por el ensayo comogénero de autoanálisis y, tal vez, proceso de due-lo, dada la perspectiva de pérdida constante queadvierte tanto sea en las potencialidades del artey la literatura como en el discurso de la crítica.
Cultural discourse embedded in truck scripts
Authors: Ulum Ömer Gökhan , Bada Erdoğan
Published: October 2016

The bond between a driver and his truck has been the subject of many famous films. If not actual adoration of the vehicle, it certainly is the destiny shared between a living human and a running machine, both heading for a common destination. Who and what else can replace this bond? Here, we see the truck bearing decorations, bumper sticks, script, and pictures of animate and inanimate objects all reflecting the taste and psyche of the driver. This study aims to introduce a thematic analysis into this picturesque look of over a thousand trucks with specific focus on scripts borne by trailers based on the assumption that content of scripts would be representing inner worlds of truck drivers. Photographed as well as internet-based data related to vehicles provided the source for this study. Scripts were thematised, and categorized observing nationality of origin of license plates. With its findings, the study yields valuable results regarding values and beliefs truck drivers of different nationalities hold to themselves. A variety of psychological profiles, harboring feelings such as sadness, joy, dejection, rejection, love, disappointments, anger, vengeance, etc., all expressed through scripts was also surfaced in this study.
MODIS-based multi-parametric platform for mapping of flood affected areas. Case study: 2006 Danube extreme flood in Romania
Authors: Craciunescu Vasile , Stancalie Gheorghe , Irimescu Anisoara , Catana Simona , Mihailescu Denis , Nertan Argentina , Morcov George , Constantinescu Stefan
Published: October 2016

Flooding remains the most widely distributed natural hazard in Europe, leading to significant economic and social impact. Earth observation data is presently capable of making fundamental contributions towards reducing the detrimental effects of extreme floods. Technological advance makes development of online services able to process high volumes of satellite data without the need of dedicated desktop software licenses possible. The main objective of the case study is to present and evaluate a methodology for mapping of flooded areas based on MODIS satellite images derived indices and using state-of-the-art geospatial web services. The methodology and the developed platform were tested with data for the historical flood event that affected the Danube floodplain in 2006 in Romania. The results proved that, despite the relative coarse resolution, MODIS data is very useful for mapping the development flooded area in large plain floods. Moreover it was shown, that the possibility to adapt and combine the existing global algorithms for flood detection to fit the local conditions is extremely important to obtain accurate results.
A regional comparative analysis of empirical and theoretical flood peak-volume relationships
Authors: Szolgay Ján , Gaál Ladislav , Bacigál Tomáš , Kohnová Silvia , Hlavčová Kamila , Výleta Roman , Parajka Juraj , Blöschl Günter
Published: October 2016

This paper analyses the bivariate relationship between flood peaks and corresponding flood event volumes modelled by empirical and theoretical copulas in a regional context, with a focus on flood generation processes in general, the regional differentiation of these and the effect of the sample size on reliable discrimination among models. A total of 72 catchments in North-West of Austria are analysed for the period 1976–2007. From the hourly runoff data set, 25 697 flood events were isolated and assigned to one of three flood process types: synoptic floods (including long- and short-rain floods), flash floods or snowmelt floods (both rain-on-snow and snowmelt floods). The first step of the analysis examines whether the empirical peak-volume copulas of different flood process types are regionally statistically distinguishable, separately for each catchment and the role of the sample size on the strength of the statements. The results indicate that the empirical copulas of flash floods tend to be different from those of the synoptic and snowmelt floods. The second step examines how similar are the empirical flood peak-volume copulas between catchments for a given flood type across the region. Empirical copulas of synoptic floods are the least similar between the catchments, however with the decrease of the sample size the difference between the performances of the process types becomes small. The third step examines the goodness-of-fit of different commonly used copula types to the data samples that represent the annual maxima of flood peaks and the respective volumes both regardless of flood generating processes (the traditional engineering approach) and also considering the three process-based classes. Extreme value copulas (Galambos, Gumbel and Hüsler-Reiss) show the best performance both for synoptic and flash floods, while the Frank copula shows the best performance for snowmelt floods. It is concluded that there is merit in treating flood types separately when analysing and estimating flood peak-volume dependence copulas; however, even the enlarged dataset gained by the process-based analysis in this study does not give sufficient information for a reliable model choice for multivariate statistical analysis of flood peaks and volumes.
Joint modelling of flood peaks and volumes: A copula application for the Danube River
Authors: Papaioannou George , Kohnová Silvia , Bacigál Tomáš , Szolgay Ján , Hlavčová Kamila , Loukas Athanasios
Published: October 2016

Flood frequency analysis is usually performed as a univariate analysis of flood peaks using a suitable theoretical probability distribution of the annual maximum flood peaks or peak over threshold values. However, other flood attributes, such as flood volume and duration, are necessary for the design of hydrotechnical projects, too. In this study, the suitability of various copula families for a bivariate analysis of peak discharges and flood volumes has been tested. Streamflow data from selected gauging stations along the whole Danube River have been used. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (tau) quantifies the dependence between flood peak discharge and flood volume settings. The methodology is applied to two different data samples: 1) annual maximum flood (AMF) peaks combined with annual maximum flow volumes of fixed durations at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 days, respectively (which can be regarded as a regime analysis of the dependence between the extremes of both variables in a given year), and 2) annual maximum flood (AMF) peaks with corresponding flood volumes (which is a typical choice for engineering studies). The bivariate modelling of the extracted peak discharge - flood volume couples is achieved with the use of the Ali-Mikhail-Haq (AMH), Clayton, Frank, Joe, Gumbel, Hüsler-Reiss, Galambos, Tawn, Normal, Plackett and FGM copula families. Scatterplots of the observed and simulated peak discharge - flood volume pairs and goodness-of-fit tests have been used to assess the overall applicability of the copulas as well as observing any changes in suitable models along the Danube River. The results indicate that for the second data sampling method, almost all of the considered Archimedean class copula families perform better than the other copula families selected for this study, and that for the first method, only the upper-tail-flat copulas excel (except for the AMH copula due to its inability to model stronger relationships).
Covert Religious Censorship: Renderings of
Divine Familial Imagery in Translations of the
New Testament within Islamic Contexts
Authors: Miller-Naudé Cynthia L. , Naudé Jacobus A.
Published: October 2016

One of the central metaphors in the New Testament involves the familial imagery of God as
“father” and Jesus as God’s “son.” The epithet of “son of God” for Jesus is understood by Christians to
be metaphorical, rather than literal, and evokes a complex network of theological concepts. However,
for Muslims, these epithets for God are extremely problematic—according to the Qur’ān, God “begetteth
not nor was he begotten.” This article compares the renderings of divine familial terms in two Arabic
translations representing indigenizing and foreignizing approaches to translation within Islamic contexts
and explores the implications of each translation in promoting different kinds of covert religious selfcensorship.
A Sustainable European Union Own Resources System
Authors: Cieslukowski Maciej
Published: October 2016

From 1992, after the UN “Earth Summit” in Rio de Janeiro, sustainable development has become a priority of many countries and international organizations, including the European Union. After the crisis of 2008+ and the strong criticism of traditional economics, it also became a fundamental element of economic development in the XXI century. This new model is based on a solid and integrated economic, socio-cultural and ecological order. Such a development should be supported by suitable budgetary systems at each level of public government. The paper presents a conception of the sustainable EU own resources system and proposes the methodology of its evaluation.
Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Embree Tania E. , Romanow Nicole T. R. , Djerboua Maya S. , Morgunov Natalie J. , Bourdeaux Jacqueline J. , Hagel Brent E.
Published: October 2016

CONTEXT:

Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly.

OBJECTIVE:

To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES:

Fourteen electronic databases were searched.

STUDY SELECTION:

Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: bicyclists younger than 20 years old; examined individual and environmental characteristics of bicycling crashes; compared injured and uninjured bicyclists or bicyclists with different types or severity of injury; study designs with a predetermined comparison group; and published in English from January 1990 to May 2015. The exclusion criteria were outcomes related to helmet use, helmet legislation, or mountain biking, and comparisons of census-based injury rates.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Data on study design, setting, population, injury definitions, injury risk factors, and results were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales.

RESULTS:

Fourteen articles were included. Lower socioeconomic status, riding on the road, riding in rural compared with urban areas, and riding on the sidewalk were associated with bicycling injury. Bicycling safety education did not protect children against future injury. Injuries related to a motor vehicle collision were more severe than other bicycling injuries.

LIMITATIONS:

Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analyses. Study quality was affected by inadequate definitions of study groups and self-reported data.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lower socioeconomic status and riding location were associated with bicycling injury and severity increased with motor vehicle collisions. The bicycling environment is a promising avenue for prevention.
LOS LAZOS QUE UNEN: COMERCIO Y POLÍTICA EXTERIOR ENTRE CHINA Y AMÉRICA LATINA
Authors: Coral Horacio , Leiteritz Ralf J. , López Luna Catalina
Published: October 2016

El ascenso político de China y su acercamiento hacia América Latina ha coincidido con un alejamiento de la región de Estados Unidos. A pesar de que en ciertos círculos académicos se ha explicado este fenómeno como una consecuencia de la política exterior china, en este artículo se demuestra que América Latina ha formulado su política exterior independientemente, y que el alejamiento de Estados Unidos no necesariamente significa un alineamiento con los intereses de China.