bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HISTORICKÉ ASPEKTY ROZPOČTU EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE
Authors:   Akadémia policajného zboru v Bratislave, Presperínová Marianna
Published: December 2022

Integračný vývoj Európskej únie je úzko spätý i s formovaním rozpočtovej procedúry. Súčasná podoba rozpočtu ako i jeho tvorba si prešla zdĺhavým procesom, počas ktorého prišlo k viacerým zmenám. Zmeny sa týkali nielen štrukturálneho hľadiska, ale rovnako i obsahového či procesného. Práve rozpočet Európskej únie je v mnohých členských štátoch veľmi sledovanou záležitosťou, nakoľko v procese jeho prijímania môžu členské štáty presadiť svoje priority.
LIMITY UKLADANIA VLASTNÝCH DANÍ EÚ
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Popovič Adrián , Benko Radoslav
Published: December 2022

Príspevok pojednáva o ústavno-právnych limitoch ukladania vlastných daní EÚ v rámci systému vlastných zdrojov EÚ. Autori v článku načrtávajú historické súvislosti financovania činností a politík EÚ a poukazujú na úniovú a ústavno-právnu úpravu Slovenskej republiky, z ktorých predmetné limity vyplývajú. Autori v príspevku vyjadrujú názor, že súčasné ústavno-právne možnosti zavádzania vlastných daní EÚ sú značne oklieštené, ak nie úplne vylúčené.
ZDAŇOVÁNÍ NEMOVITÝCH VĚCÍ V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE
Authors:   Univerzita Karlova Praha, Karfiková Marie
Published: December 2022

K plnění svých funkcí potřebuje stát peníze, a to pro udržitelnost svého fungování, pro usměrňování ekonomických procesů a pro zabezpečení sociálních potřeb občanů. Dopředu musí být plánováno, kolik bude v následujícím roce potřeba peněz (výdajová stránka státního rozpočtu) a kolik jich bude získáno (příjmová stránka). Daně chápeme jako obecnou zátěž, která obyvatele státu podle jejich příjmů, majetku a kupní síly zavazuje k financování státu. Pravomoc státu zdaňovat za určitých, přesně definovaných, podmínek byla institucionalizována právě za účelem shromáždění prostředků k zabezpečení veřejných statků, které stát lidem poskytuje. Stabilní daní v soustavě daní je od roku 1789 pozemková daň a domovní daň.
LIMITY SÚDNEHO PRIESKUMU (AJ) VO VECIACH DANE Z NEHNUTEĽNOSTI
Authors:   Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Molitoris Peter
Published: December 2022

Pri ukladaní dane z nehnuteľnosti ako jednej z miestnych daní dochádza zo strany obcí nezriedka k schváleniu všeobecne záväzných nariadení, ktorých ustanovenia sú v rozpore so zákonom o miestnych daniach. Na základe týchto normatívnych aktov sú následne vydávané rozhodnutia, ktorými je vyrubená daň, čím dochádza k reťazeniu nezákonnosti pri určení daňovej povinnosti. Príspevok sa zameriava na skúmanie možností súdnej ochrany v takýchto prípadoch, osobitne na skúmanie limitov, ktoré často účinnú súdnu ochranu znemožňujú.
Application of Graphic Expression in the Proof of Set Theoretical Statements
Authors: Palii I.
Published: December 2022

Mathematical statements are proved using verbal reasoning. An addition to the traditional way of presenting evidence is proposed. The progress of the proof is presented graphically. There are almost no verbal explanations. The student can visually trace the development of the proof in time (consecutive steps to obtain the desired result) and in space (branching that arise in the course of the proof, and which require a separate study). This way of presenting evidence has been developed and used for many years in teaching the Discrete Mathematics course to students of computer specialties of the Siberian State Automobile and Highway University.
Catalytic Properties Study of Mixed MFI-MORD Type Zeolite in Bioethanol Transformation
Authors: Brovko R. , Lakina N. , Doluda V.
Published: December 2022

The decrease in stocks of traditional fossil fuels contributes to the widespread growth of interest in renewable sources of raw materials and energy. Bioethanol can become a serious alternative to traditional types of fossil raw materials and fuels due to the possibility of its widespread production from agricultural waste and wood processing. Bioethanol can be used directly as a fuel, or after transformation into hydrocarbons. The transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons is carried out using zeolites and zeotypes of various types, while the main problem encountered for these systems is deactivation during the catalytic transformation. In this case, one of the possible solutions to this problem is the regulation of the acidic and diffusion properties of the catalytic surface of zeolites. Changing the acidic properties can contribute to a significant increase in the stability and activity of zeolites. In this case, the variation of acidic properties is possible by combining different types of zeolites. The article presents the results of a study of a mixed zeolite of the MFI type and mordenite in the reaction of the transformation of ethanol into hydrocarbons. Zeolite synthesis was carried out by a sequential method using zeolite seed grains for the synthesis of MFI structures and n-butylamine for the synthesis of a mordenite layer. The synthesized sample was tested on a flow-type setup with a tubular reactor. The effect of temperature, specific ethanol feed rate, and total pressure in the system was investigated. An increase in the reaction temperature from 350℃ to 370℃ contributed to an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.52 to 0.64 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h), while a further increase in temperature to 430℃ contributed to a decrease in the rate of formation of liquid hydrocarbons to 0.32 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h). An increase in the specific feed rate of ethanol from 0.5 to 2 g(EtOH)/(g(Cat)*h) contributes to a decrease in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. An increase in the total pressure in the system from 1 atm to 15 atm promotes an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.34 to 0.83 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h).
Analisis Kemampuan Serapan CO2 dan Simpanan Karbon Pada Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Parida Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Siwi La Ode , Basrudin Basrudin , Kandari Aminuddin Mane , Kahirun Kahirun , Hidayat Herlan , Irsan Mohammad
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the potential for CO2 uptake and carbon storage on the mangrove forest of Parida Village Lasalepa District Muna Regency. This research was conducted in January 2022 at Parida Village, Lasalepa District, Muna Regency. The sampling in this study used the purposive sampling method, the determination of the sampling was selected systematically with an intensity of 1%. The placement of the measuring plots is based on the zoning of the mangrove forest which is made of 3 (three) plots, where each plot is 15 m x 15 m (225 m2). The variables in this study were the diameter of an adult's chest height to determine above-ground biomass and carbon (above ground) without cutting down trees (non-destructive). Biomass is determined by Allometric equations. The carbon is determined by of the biomass. The results showed that the potential for CO2 absorption and carbon storage in mangroves in Parida Village, Lasalepa District, Muna Regency had an average CO2 absorption of 1057,49 ton.ha-1, and carbon storage 288,41 ton.ha-1. The carbon value is influenced by environmental conditions, the type of wood mass, the diameter of the mangrove trunk and the number of species contained in a plot.Keywords: Mangrove Forest, CO2Absorption,Carbon Storage. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi serapan CO2 dan simpanan karbon pada hutan mangrove di Desa Parida Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Januari 2022 bertempat di Desa Parida Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna.Adapun pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, penentuan pengambilan sampel dipilihsecara sistematis dengan intensitas 1%. Penempatan plot ukur didasarkan pada zonasi hutan mangrove yang dibuat 3 (tiga) plot, dimana masing-masing plot berukuran 15 m x 15 m (225 m2). Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu diameter batang untuk menentukan bioamassa dan jumlah karbon diatas permukaan tanah (above ground) dengan tanpa menebang pohon (non destuktif).Biomassa ditentukan dengan persamaan Allometrik.Adapun karbon ditentukan dengan ½ dari biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa potensi serapan CO2 dan simpanan karbon pada hutan mangrove di Desa Parida Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna memiliki rata-rata serapan CO2 sebesar 1057,49ton.ha-1, serta simpanankarbon 288,41 ton.ha-1. Besar nilai karbon dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan, jenis masa kayu, diameter batang mangrove dan jumlah jenis yang terdapat dalam suatu plot.Kata Kunci : Hutan Mangrove, Serapan CO2, Simpanan Karbon
Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Alat Sterilisasi Buah Menggunakan Ozone-Box
Authors: Sholihah Ayu Wulandari  , Sekar Ayu Wulandari  , Ahmad Haris Hasanuddin Slamet  , Ahmad Fahriyannur Rosyady  , Rahmat Dhandy
Published: December 2022

Alat sterilisasi ozone-box merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk proses sterilisasi buah dengan menggunakan teknologi ozon yang efektif untuk mengatasi cemaran mikroba dan kimiawi. Persaingan di dalam lingkungan bisnis semakin ketat sehingga usaha alat sterilisasi buah ozone-box dituntut untuk dapat mengembangkan usahanya agar dapat bertahan dan bersaing di pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor internal dan faktor eksternal dari usaha alat sterilisasi buah menggunakan ozone-box yang kemudian sebagai acuan dalam menentukan strategi bisnis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, dan threats) terkait pengembangan usaha alat sterilisasi buah menggunakan ozone-box. Data yang digunakan atas data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer berupa pengamatan alat sterilisasi ozon dan data wawancara dengan para pakar. Data sekunder berupa sumber-sumber penunjang dari web maupun artikel jurnal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha produk ozone-box berada pada posisi Kuadran II yakni kuadran di antara kekuatan dan ancaman (Strength – Threat) sehingga kemungkinan alternatif strategi yang dilakukan untuk mengembangkan produk ini yaitu dengan meningkatkan promosi di media sosial seperti Facebook, Instagram, Shopee dan WhatsApp serta melakukan sosialisasi tentang teknologi ozon untuk sterilisasi buah-buahan, positioning produk yang sesuai kebutuhan dan melakukan riset secara berkala untuk memperbaharui teknologi yang digunakan.
DEVELOPMENT OF CIPATUJAH BEACH'S POTENTIAL AS A TOURISM DESTINATION IN TASIKMALAYA REGENCY
Authors: Ngarbingan Hubertina , Suryantari Yulita
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the potency that can be developed in Cipatujah Beach as a tourism destination in Tasikmalaya Regency. The potency of Cipatujah Beach is categorized based on Cooper theory (2000), those are 4 A aspects: attraction, accessibility, amenities and ancillary. Based on the results of data analysis, Cipatujah Beach has been qualified to reach those aspects with the right development plan. The research method that is used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The techniques of collecting the data are in-depth interview, observation, and triangulation. The technique of analyzing the data is SWOT analysis. The result of this research shows that Cipatujah Beach can be developed as a tourism destination by utilizing those aspects optimally. Besides, cooperation of stakeholders, local people and tourism industry is very required to create a good and systematic development, to keep the tourism sustainability. Tourism sustainability is an appropriate approach of Cipatujah Beach development as a considered tourism destination for the next generation without defaces the originality of tourism destination.

 

 Keywords: Attraction, Accessibility, Amenity, Ancillary, Sustainability Tourism.
The Effect of Current Ratio and Earning Per Share on Stock Prices in Manufacturing Companies in the Agricultural Sector
Authors: Baharuddin Baharuddin , Wahab Abdul , Sultan Zulkifli
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of (1) the effect current ratio on stock prices (2) the effect of earning per share on stock prices (3) the effect current ratio and earning per share on stock prices both partially and simultaneously on stock prices in agricultural sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia stock Exchange. The research method used is multiple linear regression analysis method correlation coefficient (R), The coefficient of determination (R2), f test and t test data types used are secondary data with a total sample size of 4 companies. The results of this study were obtained with a correlations value of (R) of 0,581 so there is a very strong relationship between the variable stock price and the variabel current ratio. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0,338. Which means that 0f the variable stock price can be explained by the variable current ratio and earnings per share remaining can be explained by other variables not not axamined. In test f the f-count is and f table value of (4,334 > 3,59) with a significant value of (0,014 < 0,05) the current ratio and earning per share together have a significant effect on stock prices. X1 t-count 2,752 > t-table 2,109 means that current ratio has and effect but not significant on stock prices and the X2 t-test is 1,294 < 2,109 means that earning per share has but not effect but is not significant on stock in agricultural sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX, one and two rejected while the fifth hypothesis is accepted
СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ ОПЫТ ЖЕНСКИХ МОНАСТЫРЕЙ ЗАПАДНОГО РЕГИОНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ (НАЧАЛО XX СТОЛЕТИЯ)
Authors: Кириченко Олег Викторович
Published: December 2022

Женские монастыри Западной части Российской империи в начале XX в. были выдающимся феноменом, ярким самобытным явлением церковной монастырской жизни, образцом русского православия, оказавшим колоссальное влияние на всю жизнь региона. В статье впервые на новом, большей частью архивном материале рассматривается это явление в своей цельности и специфике, заключающейся в социальном служении монахинь. Это служение подразумевало создание в женских монастырях разного уровня школ, приютов, богаделен, больниц, хозяйственных пунктов экономической помощи местному населению. Само обучение детей имело образовательную и воспитательную направленность, давало им возможность приобщаться к культурной жизни. Монастыри стали центрами православия в обширном и сложном (этнически и конфессионально) регионе, выполняя миссию русского православия и русской культуры.
Women's monasteries in the Western part of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. were an outstanding phenomenon, a bright original phenomenon of church monastic life, a model of Russian Orthodoxy, which had a tremendous impact on the entire life of the region. In the article, for the first time, on the basis of new, mostly archival material, this phenomenon is considered in its integrity and specificity, which consists in the social service of nuns. This service meant the creation of schools, shelters, almshouses, hospitals, economic centers for economic assistance to the local population in convents of various levels. The very education of children had an educational and educational orientation, gave them the opportunity to join the cultural life. The monasteries became centers of Orthodoxy in a vast and complex (ethnically and confessionally) region, fulfilling the mission of Russian Orthodoxy and Russian culture.
Early detection of gastric cancer via high-resolution terahertz imaging system
Authors: Shi Han , Li Tenghui , Liu Zhaoyang , Zhao Junhua , Qi Feng
Published: December 2022

Terahertz (THz) wave has demonstrated a good prospect in recent years, but the resolution is still one of the problems that restrict the application of THz technology in medical imaging. Paraffin-embedded samples are mostly used in THz medical imaging studies, which are thicker and significantly different from the current gold standard slice pathological examination in sample preparation. In addition, THz absorption in different layers of normal and cancerous tissues also remains to be further explored. In this study, we constructed a high-resolution THz imaging system to scan non-tumorous adjacent tissue slices and gastric cancer (GC) tissue slices. In this system, a THz quantum cascade laser emitted a pulsed 3 THz signal and the transmitted THz wave was received by a THz detector implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process. The slice thickness was only 20 μm, which was close to that of the medical pathology examination. We successfully found THz transmittance differences between different layers of normal gastric tissues based on THz images, and the resolution could reach 60 μm for the first time. The results indicated that submucosa had a lower THz transmittance than that of mucosa and muscular layer in non-tumorous adjacent tissue. However, in GC tissue, THz transmittance of mucosa and submucosa was similar, caused by the decreased transmittance of mucosa, where the cancer occurs. Therefore, we suppose that the similar terahertz transmittance between gastric mucosa and submucosa may indicate the appearance of cancerization. The images obtained from our THz imaging system were clearer than those observed with naked eyes, and can be directly compared with microscopic images. This is the first application of THz imaging technology to identify non-tumorous adjacent tissue and GC tissue based on the difference in THz wave absorption between different layers in the tissue. Our present work not only demonstrated the potential of THz imaging to promote early diagnosis of GC, but also suggested a new direction for the identification of normal and cancerous tissues by analyzing differences in THz transmittance between different layers of tissue.
A new model for fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration reveals mitochondrial and autophagy abnormalities
Authors: Mandik Frida , Kanana Yuliia , Rody Jost , Misera Sophie , Wilken Bernd , Laabs von Holt Björn-Hergen , Klein Christine , Vos Melissa
Published: December 2022

Fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN) is a rare disease that exhibits brain modifications and motor dysfunctions in early childhood. The condition is caused by a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in fatty acid 2 hydroxylase (FA2H), whose encoded protein synthesizes 2-hydroxysphingolipids and 2-hydroxyglycosphingolipids and is therefore involved in sphingolipid metabolism. A few FAHN model organisms have already been established and give the first insight into symptomatic effects. However, they fail to establish the underlying cellular mechanism of FAHN so far. Drosophila is an excellent model for many neurodegenerative disorders; hence, here, we have characterized and validated the first FAHN Drosophila model. The investigation of loss of dfa2h lines revealed behavioral abnormalities, including motor impairment and flying disability, in addition to a shortened lifespan. Furthermore, alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, and autophagy were identified. Analyses of patient-derived fibroblasts, and rescue experiments with human FA2H, indicated that these defects are evolutionarily conserved. We thus present a FAHN Drosophila model organism that provides new insights into the cellular mechanism of FAHN.
Detection of ROS1 gene fusions using next-generation sequencing for patients with malignancy in China
Authors: Li Ning , Chen Zhiqin , Huang Mei , Zhang Ding , Hu Mengna , Jiao Feng , Quan Ming
Published: December 2022

Objective: This study aimed to identify ROS1 fusion partners in Chinese patients with solid tumors.

Methods: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was used to detect ROS1 rearrangement in 45,438 Chinese patients with solid tumors between 2015 and 2020, and the clinical characteristics and genetic features of gene fusion were evaluated. H&E staining of the excised tumor tissues was conducted. Samples with a tumor cell content ≥ 20% were included for subsequent DNA extraction and sequencing analysis.

Results: A total of 92 patients with ROS1 rearrangements were identified using next-generation sequencing, and the most common histological type lung cancer. From the 92 ROS1 fusion cases, 24 ROS1 fusion partners had been identified, including 14 novel partners and 10 reported partners. Of these, CD74, EZR, SDC4, and TPM3 were the four most frequently occurring partners. Fourteen novel ROS1 fusion partners were detected in 16 patients, including DCBLD1-ROS1, FRK-ROS1, and VGLL2-ROS1. In many patients, the ROS1 breakpoint was located between exons 32 and 34.

Conclusion: This study describes 14 novel ROS1 fusion partners based on the largest ROS1 fusion cohort, and the ROS1 breakpoint was mostly located between exons 32 and 34. Additionally, next-generation sequencing is an optional method for identifying novel ROS1 fusions.
The thromboxane receptor antagonist NTP42 promotes beneficial adaptation and preserves cardiac function in experimental models of right heart overload
Authors: Mulvaney Eamon P. , Renzo Fabiana , Adão Rui , Dupre Emilie , Bialesova Lucia , Salvatore Viviana , Reid Helen M. , Conceição Glória , Grynblat Julien , Llucià-Valldeperas Aida , Michel Jean-Baptiste , Brás-Silva Carmen , Laurent Charles E. , Howard Luke S. , Montani David , Humbert Marc , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Perros Frédéric , Mendes-Ferreira Pedro , Kinsella B. Therese
Published: December 2022

Background

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure leading to right ventricular (RV) failure. While current PAH therapies improve patient outlook, they show limited benefit in attenuating RV dysfunction. Recent investigations demonstrated that the thromboxane (TX) A2 receptor (TP) antagonist NTP42 attenuates experimental PAH across key hemodynamic parameters in the lungs and heart. This study aimed to validate the efficacy of NTP42:KVA4, a novel oral formulation of NTP42 in clinical development, in preclinical models of PAH while also, critically, investigating its direct effects on RV dysfunction.

Methods

The effects of NTP42:KVA4 were evaluated in the monocrotaline (MCT) and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) models of PAH and RV dysfunction, respectively, and when compared with leading standard-of-care (SOC) PAH drugs. In addition, the expression of the TP, the target for NTP42, was investigated in cardiac tissue from several other related disease models, and from subjects with PAH and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Results

In the MCT-PAH model, NTP42:KVA4 alleviated disease-induced changes in cardiopulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis, to a similar or greater extent than the PAH SOCs tested. In the PAB model, NTP42:KVA4 improved RV geometries and contractility, normalized RV stiffness, and significantly increased RV ejection fraction. In both models, NTP42:KVA4 promoted beneficial RV adaptation, decreasing cellular hypertrophy, and increasing vascularization. Notably, elevated expression of the TP target was observed both in RV tissue from these and related disease models, and in clinical RV specimens of PAH and DCM.

Conclusion

This study shows that, through antagonism of TP signaling, NTP42:KVA4 attenuates experimental PAH pathophysiology, not only alleviating pulmonary pathologies but also reducing RV remodeling, promoting beneficial hypertrophy, and improving cardiac function. The findings suggest a direct cardioprotective effect for NTP42:KVA4, and its potential to be a disease-modifying therapy in PAH and other cardiac conditions.
Neurotropism and blood-brain barrier involvement in COVID-19
Authors: Fujimoto Takashi , Erickson Michelle A. , Banks William A.
Published: December 2022

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) persists despite the progress of vaccination and increased natural immunity. SARS-CoV-2 is associated not only with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress, but also with many symptoms related to the central nervous system (CNS), including loss of the sense of taste and smell, headache, convulsions, visual disturbances, and impaired consciousness. In addition, the virus has been implicated in CNS diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, and encephalitis. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is used by the virus as a cell entry receptor. Although the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 enters the brain is still unclear, the possibility of direct entry through the olfactory nerve tract and entry into the brain through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) via blood circulation is indicated. The BBB likely serves as a site of entry for SARS-CoV-2 into the brain, and possibly contributes to the CNS symptoms of COVID-19 due to its dysfunction as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present review will focus on the effects of COVID-19 on the CNS, particularly on the BBB related cells involved.
Estimating core-mantle boundary temperature from seismic shear velocity and attenuation
Authors: Deschamps Frédéric , Cobden Laura
Published: December 2022

The temperature at Earth’s core-mantle boundary (CMB) is a key parameter to understand the dynamics of our planet’s interior. However, it remains poorly known, with current estimate ranging from about 3000 K to 4500 K and more. Here, we introduce a new approach based on joint measurements of seismic shear-wave velocity,VS, and quality factor,QS, in the lowermost mantle. Lateral changes in bothVSandQSabove the CMB provide constraints on lateral temperature anomalies with respect to a reference temperature,Tref, defined as the average temperature in the layer immediately above the CMB. The request that, at a given location, temperature anomalies inferred independently fromVSandQSshould be equal gives a constraint onTref. CorrectingTreffor radial adiabatic and super-adiabatic increases in temperature gives an estimate of the CMB temperature,TCMB. This approach further relies on the fact thatVS-anomalies are affected by the distribution of post-perovskite (pPv) phase. As a result, the inferredTrefis linked to the temperatureTpPvat which the transition from bridgmanite to pPv occurs close to the CMB. A preliminary application toVSandQSmeasured beneath Central America and the Northern Pacific suggest that forTpPv= 3500 K,TCMBlies in the range 3,470–3880 K with a 95% likelihood. Additional measurements in various regions, together with a better knowledge ofTpPv, are however needed to determine a precise value ofTCMBwith our method.
Sediment load forecasting of Gobindsagar reservoir using machine learning techniques
Authors: Shaukat Nadeem , Hashmi Abrar , Abid Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Naeem , Hassan Shahzal , Sarwar Muhammad Kaleem , Masood Amjad , Shahid Muhammad Laiq Ur Rahman , Zainab Atiba , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
Published: December 2022

With ever advancing computer technology in machine learning, sediment load prediction inside the reservoirs has been computed using various artificially intelligent techniques. The sediment load in the catchment region of Gobindsagar reservoir of India is forecasted in this study utilizing the data collected for years 1971–2003 using several models of intelligent algorithms. Firstly, multi-layered perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), basic recurrent neural network (RNN), and other RNN based models including long-short term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) are implemented to validate and predict the sediment load inside the reservoir. The proposed machine learning models are validated for Gobindsagar reservoir using three influencing factors on yearly basis [rainfall (Ra), water inflow (Iw), and the storage capacity (Cr)]. The results demonstrate that the suggested MLP-ANN, RNN, LSTM, and GRU models produce better results with maximum errors reduced from 24.6% to 8.05%, 7.52%, 1.77%, and 0.05% respectively. For future prediction of the sediment load for next 22 years, the influencing factors were first predicted for next 22 years using ETS forecasting model with the help of data collected for 33 years. Additionally, it was noted that each prediction’s error was lower than that of the reference model. Furthermore, it was concluded that the GRU model predicts better results than the reference model and its alternatives. Secondly, by comparing the prediction precision of all the machine learning models established in this study, it can be evidently shown that the LSTM and GRU models were superior to the MLP-ANN and RNN models. It is also observed that among all, the GRU took the best precision due to the highest R of 0.9654 and VAF of 91.7689%, and the lowest MAE of 0.7777, RMSE of 1.1522 and MAPE of 0.3786%. The superiority of GRU can also be ensured from Taylor’s diagram. Lastly, Garson’s algorithm and Olden’s algorithm for MLP-ANN, as well as the perturbation method for RNN, LSTM, and GRU models, are used to test the sensitivity analysis of each influencing factor in sediment load forecasting. The sediment load was discovered to be most sensitive to the annual rainfall.
Mobile-learning adoption in teacher education amidst COVID-19: Identifying two critical stages by exploring teachers’ emotions
Authors: Muchnik-Rozanov Yulia , Frei-Landau Rivi , Avidov-Ungar Orit
Published: December 2022

Mobile learning (ML) is extremely relevant to distance teaching. Although much is known about ML usage in teacher education, less is known about crucial points in teachers’ ML adoption process under constraints such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this exploratory case study was to gain insight into the ML adoption process, including its critical points, by examining teachers’ emotion-related language. This study investigated the emotional response of 32 inservice teachers to Mobile Learning (ML) adoption while attending ML training during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews (10), focus groups (3), and participants’ reflections (96) at five time points. The data underwent multilevel analysis (content and linguistic analyses), revealing two critical stages during the ML adoption process and indicating several factors that may affect the quality of emotional response, thereby promoting or impeding this process. The study highlights the critical sages and their related features that must be addressed to promote optimal ML adoption in teacher education in both routine and emergency conditions.
Effects and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a focus on atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Liu , Zhang Xuejiao , Wang Qing
Published: December 2022

Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is widespread in the walls of large and medium-sized arteries. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The currently known pathogenesis includes activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in the body, increased oxidative stress, and increased expression of cytokines/chemokines. In the innate immune response, inflammatory vesicles are an important component with the ability to promote the expression and maturation of inflammatory factors, release large amounts of inflammatory cytokines, trigger a cascade of inflammatory responses, and clear pathogens and damaged cells. Studies in the last few years have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis as well as its complications. Several studies have shown that NLRP3 binding to ligands promotes inflammasome formation, activates caspase-1, and ultimately promotes its maturation and the maturation and production of IL-1β and IL-18. IL-1β and IL-18 are considered to be the two most prominent inflammatory cytokines in the inflammasome that promote the development of atherosclerosis. SGLT2 inhibitors are novel hypoglycemic agents that also have significant antiatherosclerotic effects. However, their exact mechanism is not yet clear. This article is a review of the literature on the effects and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on the NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on their role in antiatherosclerosis.
The impact of green technology innovation on global value chain upgrading in China’s equipment manufacturing industry
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Xiaohan , Hao Jinyun , Huang Qingbo
Published: December 2022

In recent years, China’s equipment manufacturing industry has been actively embedded in the global value chain (GVC), but pollution emission has become an important factor hindering the industry from climbing to the high-end link of GVC. How to break through this restriction through green technology innovation is exactly urgent for the Chinese government and manufacturers. Therefore, using the panel data of China’s equipment manufacturing industry and its subsectors from 2007 to 2019, this paper constructs an econometric model to investigate the impact of green technology innovation on the GVC upgrading, and further examines the mediating effect through stepwise regression method. The results show that for the full samples of China’s equipment manufacturing industry, there is a U-shaped relationship between green technology innovation and the promotion of GVC status; and for basic metals and metal products manufacturing subsector and transport equipment manufacturing subsector, the conclusion is same with the whole industry; but for machinery equipment manufacturing subsector and electrical, electronic and optical equipment manufacturing subsector, the trend is opposite, that is, an inverted U-shaped relationship which first rises and then declines. Additionally, green technology innovation in China’s equipment manufacturing industry can promote GVC upgrading by reducing its dependence on GVC, optimizing export trade, reducing pollution costs, and promoting green product and process innovation. Based on the above, this paper finally proposes targeted policy implications to provide theoretical basis and experience reference for China’s equipment manufacturing industry to promote the GVC upgrading through green technology innovation.
Stigmatization and resilience in inflammatory bowel disease patients at one-year follow-up
Authors: Lenti Marco Vincenzo , Broglio Giacomo , Mengoli Caterina , Cococcia Sara , Borrelli de Andreis Federica , Vernero Marta , Pitotti Lavinia , Padovini Lucia , Secco Matteo , Delliponti Mariangela , Corazza Gino Roberto , Klersy Catherine , Di Sabatino Antonio
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), namely ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing immune-mediated condition that may cause an impairment of social functions due to stigmatisation. Resilience instead is associated with an improvement in coping with adversities and thus may counteract the detrimental effects of stigmatisation. We herein sought to determine the fluctuation of stigmatisation and resilience in a cohort of patients with IBD at 1-year follow-up.

Methods

This is a prospective, monocentric study conducted in a tertiary referral centre. All patients with IBD were assessed at enrolment and at oneyear follow-up. Several clinical and demographic variables were collected. Stigmatisation was assessed through a validated Italian version of the Perceived Stigma Scale for IBD (PSS-IBD), while resilience was assessed through the 25-item Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC25). Also, self-efficacy (SEF) and self-esteem (SES) scales were assessed.

Results

In this study, 105 patients were included (46 Crohn’s disease, 59 ulcerative colitis; overall mean age 47 years ±11, M:F ratio 1:1.2). None of the 4 scales showed a statistically significant variation at one year compared to baseline (median CD-RISC25 64 at baseline vs 61 at follow-up; SEF 31 vs 30; SES 32.5 vs 32; PSS-IBD 0.45 vs 0.45). A statistically significant and inverse correlation was found between CD-RISC25 and PSS-IBD (rho -0.222, p=0.01), SEF and PSS-IBD (rho -0.219, p= 0.01), SES and PSS-IBD (-0.316, p=0.003). CD-RISC25 was found to be positively associated with inactive IBD (p=0.05).

Discussion

In this prospective study we have shown for the first time that stigmatisation, resilience, SEF and SEM did not change over a one-year time span, suggesting that, based on the information gathered, these characteristics may be independent from IBD severity or IBD flares. Furthermore, we found an inverse correlation of stigma with resilience, SEF and SES, suggesting an important role that these variables may have on preventing stigmatisation.
Immunity: Psoriasis comorbid with atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Chunping , Chen Huiqi , Liu Yanjiao , Huang Haiding , Yu Wanling , Du Tingting , Long Xinyao , Chen Xinming , Chen Zhijun , Guo Sien , Li Jinxin , Jiang Zebo , Wang Lei , Lu Chuanjian
Published: December 2022

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, persistent inflammatory disease with a genetic predisposition, and the involvement of multiple organs in psoriasis remains indicative of systemic disease. Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common complication of patients with severe or prolonged psoriasis. The specific pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unclear. Current studies suggest that psoriasis is a polygenic genetic disease with the interaction of multiple factors such as heredity and environment. Keratinocytes are proliferated through immune-mediated inflammatory pathway, which leads to cell activation, infiltration of dermis cells and release of inflammatory factors. Activation of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory factors play an important role in the progression of psoriasis and atherosclerosis. Studies have found that there is a close relationship between psoriasis and atherosclerosis, and systemic inflammation may be the common feature of psoriasis and AS. This paper attempts to explore the possibility of the relationship between psoriasis and atherosclerotic comorbidities from the aspects of potential epidemiology and immune mechanism, in order to provide some reference for the subsequent scientific research.
COVID-19 and monkeypox co-infection: A rapid systematic review
Authors: El-Qushayri Amr Ehab , Reda Abdullah , Shah Jaffer
Published: December 2022

In this paper we aimed to study the characteristics, laboratory data and outcomes of monkeypox virus (MPV) and COVID-19 co-infection. On 2ndOctober 2022, we used the search term “(“monkeypox virus” OR “MPV” OR “monkey pox” OR “monkeypox”) AND (“COVID-19” OR “COVID 19” OR “novel coronavirus” OR “SARS−CoV−2”)” in five databases to collect the relevant articles. We found three male patients, who had sex with men prior to the infection, had multiple comorbid conditions, were diagnosed with PCR, and were admitted to the hospital. The length of hospital stay was 4, 6, and 9 days. On admission, two cases had multiple vesicular lesions on various sites of the body associated with tonsillar inflammation, while the third case had genital ulcers and inguinal lymph node enlargement. All cases were managed in the hospital and recovered well. It might still be too early to establish solid evidence about the exact cause-effect association between SARS-CoV-2 and MPV co-infection and patient’s outcomes because of the current low sample size. Accordingly, future relevant investigations, estimating the risk ratio of this association are needed to formulate definite evidence.
The BNT162b2 vaccine induces humoral and cellular immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and the Omicron variant in children 5 to 11 years of age
Authors: Cinicola Bianca Laura , Piano Mortari E , Zicari Anna Maria , Agrati Chiara , Bordoni Veronica , Albano Christian , Fedele Giorgio , Schiavoni Ilaria , Leone Pasqualina , Fiore Stefano , Capponi Martina , Conti Maria Giulia , Petrarca Laura , Stefanelli Paola , Spalice Alberto , Midulla Fabio , Palamara Anna Teresa , Quinti Isabella , Locatelli Franco , Carsetti Rita
Published: December 2022

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines prevent severe COVID-19 by generating immune memory, comprising specific antibodies and memory B and T cells. Although children are at low risk of severe COVID-19, the spreading of highly transmissible variants has led to increasing in COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations also in the youngest, but vaccine coverage remains low. Immunogenicity to mRNA vaccines has not been extensively studied in children 5 to 11 years old. In particular, cellular immunity to the wild-type strain (Wuhan) and the cross-reactive response to the Omicron variant of concern has not been investigated. We assessed the humoral and cellular immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in 27 healthy children. We demonstrated that vaccination induced a potent humoral and cellular immune response in all vaccinees. By using spike-specific memory B cells as a measurable imprint of a previous infection, we found that 50% of the children had signs of a past, undiagnosed infection before vaccination. Children with pre-existent immune memory generated significantly increased levels of specific antibodies, and memory T and B cells, directed against not only the wild type virus but also the omicron variant.
Short-term effects of estradiol and bisphenol A on gene expression associated with early head mineralization in the seabass Dicentrarchus labrax
Authors: Farcy Emilie , Potier Eric , Leurs Nicolas , Gasset Eric , Dutto Gilbert , Lallement Stéphane , Bourdy Clarence , Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie , Martinand-Mari Camille
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Natural and synthetic estrogens are pollutants found in aquatic ecosystems at low concentrations reaching ng.L-1 to μg.L-1. At these concentrations, they are able to interfere with the fish endocrine system. When waterborne exposure occurs at early life stages, when blood estrogens concentrations are low, this may have significant consequences for estrogen-sensitive functions such as skeletal development.

Methods

To better understand how (xeno)estrogens may affect early head mineralization, 12 days post-hatch larvae of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax were experimentally exposed for 4 days to the natural estrogen estradiol E2 and to the xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA), both used at either regulatory concentration of water quality or a 100 times higher concentration. Head mineralization level was assessed using Alizarin red staining, together with the relative quantification of mRNA expression levels of several genes playing key roles in skeletogenesis and estrogen signaling pathways.

Results

We showed that (xeno)estrogen exposure at early larval stage increases the expression of skeleton-associated genes: matrix proteins encoding genes (col1a2, col2a1a, col2a1b, bgp1a, bgp1b, sparc), proteolytic enzyme encoding genes (ctsk) and transcription and signaling factors (sox9a, sox9b, ihha, runx2, rankl). Although transcriptional overexpression of these genes was significant in larvae exposed to 40 ng.L-1 E2 and to 1.6 and 160 μg.L-1 BPA, increased mineralization was detected only in E2-exposed larvae, suggesting a difference in head skeleton development and remodeling in BPA-treated larvae.

Discussion

Our results suggest that these phenotypic differences could be due to the implication of other estrogenic signaling pathways involving both nuclear and membrane-bound estrogen receptors (ERs and GPERs), but also estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). This study brings new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of skeletogenesis by E2 and BPA and into the effects of waterborne exposure to (xeno)estrogens on the early skeletal development of teleost fishes.
Mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth performance, immunity, inflammatory and antioxidant responses of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia stress
Authors: Xue Shuqun , Xia Banghua , Zhang Bitao , Li Linyuan , Zou Yuning , Shen Zhentao , Xiang Yifang , Han Ying , Chen Weixing
Published: December 2022

This study evaluated the potential effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the health status of common carp under ammonia stress. The experimental fish were equally divided into four groups. The control group was fed with a basal diet. The ammonia stress group (Am group) was fed with a basal diet and set in the culture environment with 0.15 mg/L NH3. The MOS group was fed 0.2% MOS with a basal diet. The treatment group (MOS/Am group) was fed 0.2% MOS feed under ammonia exposure (NH3, 0.15 mg/L). These groups were fed for 30 d. The results showed that under ammonia stress, the growth performance decreased significantly, and the activities of non-specific immune factors, intestinal digestive enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes decreased significantly. Dietary supplementation of MOS, the growth performance, the activities of non-specific immune factors, intestinal digestive enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes increased. Histopathological studies showed that adding MOS reduced liver, gill, and intestine tissue damage under ammonia exposure. Our study suggests that adding MOS to the diet can improve growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of the common carp. MOS can effectively alleviate the oxidative damage and inflammatory response caused by ammonia poisoning to common carp.
Nonconservative behavior of dissolved molybdenum and its potential role in nitrogen cycling in the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Fan Jinqi , Duan Liqin , Yin Meiling , Yuan Huamao , Li Xuegang
Published: December 2022

Molybdenum plays an important role in marine biological activity, especially in nitrogen cycling as a cofactor for N2 fixation and nitrate reductase. However, the dissolved Mo (dMo) behavior and its interaction with N cycling in the coastal waters is still unclear. In this study, the dMo concentrations and parameters related to Mo distribution and N cycling in surface and bottom seawaters of the Bohai (BS) and Yellow Seas (YS) were examined. The results showed that dMo concentrations ranged from 36.4 nmol L-1 to 125.0 nmol L-1, most of which deviated significantly from the conservative line, indicating nonconservative behavior of Mo relative to salinity. The highest dMo concentrations occurring in 36°N section of north of the South YS (SYS), were close to conservative value (105 nmol L-1). Significant depletion up to 40-50 nmol L-1 of dMo mainly appeared in the BS, NYS and south of the SYS, suggesting the possible removal of dMo by biological utilization and particle adsorption. Particularly, the increasing dMo concentrations away the Yellow River estuary indicated that freshwater dilution was one of reasons for dMo distributions in the BS. The similar spatial distribution of dMo and dissolved Mn concentrations suggested the possible scavenging by MnOx phases for Mo removal. The negative correlation between dMo and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in surface seawaters suggested that biological uptake was involved in dMo removal. The depleted dMo in most of sites corresponded with the higher nitrite concentrations, implying the possible involvement of nitrate reduction process. Although the highest N2 fixation rates and relative abundances of cyanobacteria appeared in 36°N section, corresponding with the conservative dMo, suggesting that Mo may play a minor role in N2 fixation process there. The ten-folds of relative abundance of bacteria with nitrate reduction function than that with N2 fixation function suggested that dMo seems to play more important role in nitration reduction than nitrogen fixation in the BS and YS.
Non-native species in the north Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea) revealed from environmental DNA
Authors: Fernandez Sara , Ardura Alba , Georges Oriane , Martinez Jose L. , Suarez-Menendez Marcos , Planes Serge , Garcia-Vazquez Eva
Published: December 2022

The movement of organisms facilitated by anthropogenic activities is a serious threat to marine diversity, especially for endemic species that may be outcompeted from non-indigenous species (NIS). In this study, we have analyzed communities inhabiting the north of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, employing environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. That gulf is especially rich in species and population endemism. We have detected NIS representing 36% of the total number of species found from eDNA. Primary producers were more abundant in the NIS than in the native fraction of species, suggesting that functional diversity could be altered if NIS thrive there. We discuss maritime traffic as a factor that may enhance the introduction of non-natives in this region and emphasize the importance of the control of these species that may threaten the rich endemic biota of the Red Sea.