bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 12-week randomized controlled pilot study of dance exergaming in a group: Influence on psychosocial factors in adolescent girls
Authors: Staiano Amanda E. , Beyl Robbie A. , Hsia Daniel S. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Newton Jr Robert L.
Published: December 2018

Dance exergaming, which involves playing an interactive video game that requires the player to make upper and lower body movements by dancing to music, may provide a social physical activity experience that positively impacts psychosocial health. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to examine the effects of group-based dance exergaming on adolescent girls’ psychosocial health including enjoyment, subjective health, perceived peer support, and health-related quality of life. Forty-one adolescents with overweight/obesity were randomly assigned to a 12-week dance exergaming intervention or to a control group. Peer support, subjective health, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and intervention participants rated enjoyment after each exergaming session. Repeated measures analysis of covariance models controlling for age and baseline body mass index were used to examine condition differences. Results indicated that subjective health improved in the exergaming condition more than control (p = .02). Ratings of peer conflict after the intervention were significantly different by condition (p = .01), with peer conflict stabilizing in the exergaming group and worsening in the control group. There was no difference by condition for HRQOL. Enjoyment remained high throughout the intervention. In summary, group exergaming improved subjective health, stabilized peer conflict, and provided an enjoyable physical activity experience for overweight adolescent girls.
The impact of posting selfies and gaining feedback (‘likes’) on the psychological wellbeing of 16-25 year olds: An experimental study
Authors: Coulthard Naomi , Ogden Jane
Published: December 2018

Social media, and particularly posting ‘selfies’ have become fully incorporated into young people’s lives. Research indicates that posting selfies may impact upon self esteem and that feedback in the form of ‘likes’ may change how young people feel about themselves. To date, however, most research has been cross sectional or qualitative limiting conclusions about causality. Further, it has taken place in non naturalistic environments, with no longer term follow up and limited outcome variables. This experimental study explored the impact of posting selfies and receiving feedback (‘likes’) on Instagram on broader aspects of the psychological well-being of young people. Participants (n = 59) aged 16-25 were randomly allocated to one of three conditions for a 7-day intervention (no selfie-posting; posting selfies without feedback; posting selfies with feedback) and completed measures at baseline, after the intervention and at one week follow up. ‘Likes’ were delivered through an app. The intervention had no impact on self-esteem or mood. Posting no selfies resulted in a greater improvement in appearance satisfaction over the study compared to posting selfies (regardless of feedback). In contrast, posting selfies with feedback resulted in a greater improvement in face satisfaction during the intervention although this dropped back to baseline by follow up. To conclude the impact of selfies may vary depending upon which outcome variable is measured and when.
Planejamento em música: estudo do discurso de um professor da educação básica
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília, Pereira Julielle Rates
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo entender como o professor de música planeja suas aulas, destacando como são suas escolhas de conteúdo, de atividades, repertório e métodos de avaliação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com um professor de música de uma escola estadual da cidade Goianira-Go, por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada. A análise mostrou que, no caso estudado, há uma falta de estruturação de currículo, bem como a ausência do uso do Projeto Político Pedagógico. O professor afirma realizar dois planejamentos: um para o cumprimento das normas burocráticas da escola e outro para seu uso. Por sua vez, a visão do mesmo sobre a escolha de conteúdos, repertório, atividades, bem como a função que a música deve exercer na escola mostrou-se muito coerente com seu papel de educador. No estudo realizado, percebe-se que o processo de planejamento didático revelou-se destituído de significado pedagógico, já que o modelo utilizado para registro não satisfaz as necessidades do professor. A pesquisa sugere mais estudos sobre o registro, a reflexão e a elaboração do planejamento.
As experiências musicoterápicas no Projeto Psicoeducação para familiares e cuidadores de pessoas com necessidades especiais: interdisciplinaridade entre musicoterapia e psicologia
Authors:   Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Anápolis-Goiás, Pereira Gláucia Tomaz Marques , Oliveira Paulyane Cristine da Silva ,   Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais de Anápolis-Goiás
Published: December 2018

O Serviço de Reabilitação Intelectual do Centro Especializado de Reabilitação – CER III – Anápolis, desenvolveu o projeto Psicoeducação para familiares dos usuários da instituição com objetivo de acolher, informar, e conscientizar a família e cuidadores sobre a evolução do tratamento. Através das experiências musicoterápicas, foram trabalhadas a abertura do canal de comunicação e a expressividade e os conteúdos internos acolhidos pela Musicoterapeuta e Psicóloga – atuação interdisciplinar. Como resultado inicial, observou-se melhor integração das famílias e maior conscientização do diagnóstico e prognóstico do usuário.
Efectos de una intervención musicoterapéutica sobre el comportamiento agresivo de un grupo de adolescentes de bachillerato; del IED San Rafael, de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors:   UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA Facultad de Artes Bogota Colombia, Merchan Angela RocioOrtegon
Published: December 2018

El objetivo primordial de esta investigación fue la intervención musicoterapéutica, sobre el comportamiento agresivo de un grupo de adolescentes de bachillerato. Se empleó un diseño cuasi experimental con pre test y post test, en nueve adolecentes pertenecientes al grado sexto, con edades entre 11 y 14 años, quienes recibieron una intervención de 16 sesiones. Los resultados evidenciaron que la musicoterapia tuvo efectos significativos, en las variables dependientes las cuales fueron: la agresividad física, la percepción de hostilidad externa, la agresividad verbal, la desconfianza y la no agresión. Podemos comprobar que la musicoterapia es un procedimiento pertinente en la disminución de comportamientos agresivos en el medio escolar; Igualmente es una herramienta que ayudó a mejorar las habilidades sociales entre los participantes, a controlar impulsos, a generar auto reflexión a la hora de solucionar conflictos, especialmente ayudó aumentar la autoestima; y a obtener mayor autoconfianza e incremento en el auto concepto.
Linguagens artísticas em cursos de formação da Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes – Centro-Oeste: uma proposta metodológica em construção
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Gonçalves Felipe Canova , Bôas Rafael Litvin Villas ,   Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brennand Evelaine Martines ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Witcel Rosmeri ,   Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes
Published: December 2018

O artigo pretende registrar e analisar a experiência em andamento da metodologia adotada pela Escola Nacional Florestan Fernandes – Centro-Oeste (ENFF-CO) para a articulação entre os temas teóricos de seus cursos, as linguagens artísticas e o trabalho com os meios de comunicação. O trabalho historiciza as fases de apropriação da Cultura e da Arte pelas propostas metodológicas dos cursos, e toma como objeto específico o papel formativo das linguagens artísticas em um curso de teoria política, articuladas aos temas elencados pela coordenação da ENFF.
“ABRINDO VELAS, PESCANDO CULTURAS”: MEMÓRIA SOCIAL, PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E DEFESA DO TERRITÓRIO TRADICIONAL DA COMUNIDADE DE CAETANOS DE CIMA NO ASSENTAMENTO SABIAGUABA EM AMONTADA, CE
Authors:   Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Holanda Lígia Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

O artigo ora apresentado é um relato da pesquisa-ação desenvolvida na comunidade de Caetanos de Cima - Assentamento Sabiaguaba, através do curso de Especialização em Cultura Popular, Arte e Educação do Campo, vinculado a Universidade Federal do Cariri. Buscamos analisar o processo de construção da memória social da comunidade de Caetanos de Cima, suas interfaces com as diversas manifestações culturais e com a luta pela defesa do território tradicional. Para tanto nos ancoramos na metodologia da História Oral, na realização de um inventário do patrimônio, entendido aqui como uma “cartografia dos sentidos” e, na proposição de vivências estéticas relacionadas à linguagem da fotografia. Esta pesquisa-ação teve como culminância a construção coletiva da exposição “Terral: coisas que o vento conta”, com a participação de diversos membros da comunidade.
MÚSICA E MODA: Correlação com adolescência
Authors:   FURB - Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Ewald Laís de Faria
Published: December 2018

Este artigo investiga a relação entre música e moda, e se há influência nas formações grupais dos adolescentes. Pretende-se compreender porque, principalmente na adolescência, essa relação é tão forte e quais as motivações que o adolescente tem ao ouvir determinado gênero musical e querer vestir-se conforme os ícones musicais que o representam. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa, em que foi aplicado um questionário com alunos de um 8º ano, e foram realizadas observações com esse mesmo grupo a fim de perceber o relacionamento da turma com música e moda. Constatou-se que a relação entre as duas áreas se constrói tendo como base a afetividade humana, principalmente durante a fase da adolescência. É nesse sentido que música e moda se relacionam, pois como a música desperta no indivíduo sua afetividade, ele deseja explicitá-la de alguma forma e encontra na moda um jeito de demonstrar sua individualidade e gosto musical.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE CONTATO IMPROVISAÇÃO E PRÁTICAS DA EDUCAÇÃO SOMÁTICA
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Machado Mayana Marengo
Published: December 2018

Este artigo propõe um breve estudo do momento inicial da prática do Contato Improvisação (conhecido amplamente como CI), no qual era muito presente a investigação das leis físicas do movimento e como estas leis podiam potencializar a criação em dança. Relaciona esses aspectos com algumas abordagens da Educação Somática e aponta a importância da junção de princípios somáticos e físicos para melhor proveito da potência artística dos corpos na dança e na atuação teatral.
O recital didático na perspectiva do aluno um recorte de pesquisa sobre a opinião de alunos de 6º e 7º ano
Authors:   PPGMUS - UDESC, Rego Jeasir Silva
Published: December 2018

Este texto apresenta reflexões acerca dos dados obtidos nas respostas de estudantes do ensino fundamental a um questionário sobre suas impressões ao assistirem a um recital didático de música do projeto Música Didática no Cinema durante o segundo semestre de 2014. Primeiramente este tipo de recital é situado na história brasileira, depois é apresentado um modelo com outra perspectiva e o recital assistido pelos estudantes. Da análise das respostas do questionário conclui-se que a descontinuidade e falta de parceria dos envolvidos comprometem os objetivos formativos do evento; outro modelo é sugerido como proposta para tal atividade.
Uma Situação Alimentar Urbana: o comércio popular de alimentação no centro de Campinas/An Urban Food Situation: the popular sales off food in the center of Campinas
Authors: Antipon Livia Cangiano
Published: December 2018

O artigo aborda o estudo da Situação Alimentar Urbana como um caminho analítico para a compreensão das cidades contemporâneas; O centro de Campinas possui um circuito econômico diverso, dinamizado pelo fluxo de trabalhadores que perpassa diariamente a região. Resultante de uma cidade desigual, sobressai-se desse circuito econômico um comércio popular de alimentação. Para tal análise, faz-se uso da teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana e do mercado socialmente necessário. Discute-se, assim, o centro da cidade de Campinas como o abrigo das práticas alimentares dos pobres urbano.Palavras-chave: Situação Alimentar urbana, centro de Campinas, comércio popular de alimentação. ABSTRACTThe article approaches the study of the Urban Food Situation as an analytical way to understand contemporary cities; The center of Campinas has a diverse economic circuit, dynamized by the flow of workers that pervades the region daily. Resulting from an unequal city, a popular food trade stands out from this economic circuit. For this analysis, one makes use of the theory of the two circuits of the urban economy and of the socially necessary market. Thus, the center of the city of Campinas is discussed as the shelter of the poor urban food practices.Keywords: Urban Food Situation, center of Campinas, popular sales off food
A periferia de Belém sob vigilância e controle: o narcotráfico por uma perspectiva miliciana/The Belém periphery under surveillance and control: the narcotraffic by a militian perspective
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares
Published: December 2018

A violência urbana em Belém vem tomando proporções geográficas para além dos espaços periféricos da cidade. Contudo, as periferias ainda concentram grupos criminosos territorializados que impõem suas lógicas de organização e suas relações de poder que fazem parte do cotidiano da metrópole. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever de forma analítica a origem e organização territorial das narcomilícias a partir da periferia de Belém. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizou análise bibliografias e de documentos como o relatório da CPI das milícias, além disso, realizaram-se pesquisas de campo com entrevistas e observações sistemáticas. O resultado da pesquisa aponta para a existência de narcomilícias que sobrepõe seus territórios sobre outros já existentes gerando conflitos que difundem o medo e a insegurança urbana.Palavras-chave: Periferia, narcotráfico, narcomilícias. ABSTRACTUrban violence in Belém has been taking on geographical proportions beyond peripheral areas of the city. However, the peripheries still concentrates territorial criminals who impose their logics of organization and their relations of power that are part of the daily life of the metropolis. The purpose of this article is to describe in an analytical way the origin and territorial organization of the narcomilices from the periphery of Belém. The research methodology was analysis of bibliographies and documents such as the CPI report of the militias, in addition, field surveys were conducted with interviews and systematic observations. The research results point to the existence of narcomilices that overlap their territories over existing ones, generating conflicts that spread fear and urban insecurity.Keywords: Periphery, Narcotraffic, Narcomilitias.
Accuracy of Synovial Leukocyte and Polymorphonuclear Cell Count in Patients with Shoulder Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Strahm Carol , Zdravkovic Vilijam , Egidy Claus , Jost Bernhard
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Joint aspiration in suspected infected implants is a validated diagnostic method in establishing the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Cut-off values for synovial leukocyte counts and differentials are well described for patients with hip and knee PJI. In 19 failed shoulder implants, a leucocyte count of >12.2 G/L had a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 100% respectively; A differential of >54% neutrophils had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 75%.
Rifampin-Resistant Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) namnetense Superinfection after Staphylococcus aureus Bone Infection Treatment
Authors: Corvec Stéphane , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Aubin Guillaume Ghislain , Touchais Sophie , Grossi Olivier , Gouin François , Bémer Pascale
Published: December 2018

Abstract. After rifampin and levofloxacin treatment for a Staphylococcus aureus bone infection, a pyogenic granuloma due to a newly described Cutibacterium species, C. namnetense developed on the tibia former external fixator. This rifampin resistant bacterium, selected during treatment, harbored a mutation in the rpoB gene. This case illustrates the possible in vivo selection of resistant mutant most likely due to the bacterial burden and therefore the importance of adequate bone infection treatment.
Dysregulation of RNA editing may help explain pathogenicity mechanisms of congenital Zika syndrome and Guillain-Barre syndrome
Authors: Piontkivska Helen , Plonski Noel-Marie , Miyamoto Michael M , Wayne Marta L
Published: December 2018

Many Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis-related studies have focused primarily on virus-driven pathology and neurotoxicity, instead of considering the possibility of pathogenesis as an (unintended) consequence of host innate immunity: specifically, as the side-effect of an otherwise well-functioning machine. The hypothesis presented here suggests a new way of thinking about the role of host immune mechanisms in disease pathogenesis, focusing on dysregulation of post-transcriptional RNA editing as a candidate driver of a broad range of observed neurodevelopmental defects and neurodegenerative clinical symptoms in both infants and adults linked with ZIKV infections. We collect and synthesize existing evidence of ZIKV-mediated changes in expression of adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs), known links between abnormal RNA editing and pathogenesis, as well as ideas for potential translational applications, including genomic profile-based molecular diagnostic tools and/or treatment strategies.
Hand Hygiene among Hospital Staff: A Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in A General Hospital in Syria
Authors: Jonker Cornelis , Othman Maha
Published: December 2018

Poor hand-hygiene adherence endangers the safety of both healthcare workers and patients. A cross-sectional Knowledge Attitudes Practicing (KAP) survey (n= 268) and an observation of hand-hygiene compliance (n= 36) were conducted among staff in a general hospital in Syria. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of compliance with hand hygiene protocols by general health care workers including their knowledge, attitude and practice. The mean overall observed hand-hygiene compliance rate was 45.7% (95% CI 37.1 – 54.3). Nurses were observed to have better compliance than physicians. Staff were observed to be more concerned in performing hand-hygiene after than before patient contact (before mean= 32.0%, after mean= 51.2%, p< 0.05). The questionnaire showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge, attitude, and facilities on the one hand and poor self-reported adherence on the other. Multivariate analysis showed that poor adherence was statistically significantly associated with males (63.5%), untrained staff (58.5%) and unavailability of washing basins (60.4%).  Poor adherence was high in ICU, among younger and unaware participants. Keywords: compliance, hand hygiene, hospital acquired infection, healthcare workers, Knowledge-Attituded-Practice (KAP), patient safetyAbstrak Kepatuhan pada kebersihan tangan yang buruk membahayakan keselamatan tenaga kesehatan dan pasien. Survei potong lintang Pengetahuan Sikap Praktek (n= 268) dan observasi kepatuhan kebersihan tangan (n= 36) dilakukan di antara staf di rumah sakit umum di Suriah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kepatuhan dengan protokol kebersihan tangan oleh tenaga kesehatan termasuk pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik mereka. Rerata tingkat kepatuhan kebersihan tangan yang diamati secara keseluruhan adalah 45,7% (95% CI 37,1-54,3). Perawat diamati memiliki kepatuhan yang lebih baik daripada dokter. Staf yang diamati tampak lebih peduli melakukan kebersihan tangan setelah kontak dengan pasien dibanding sebelum kontak (rerata sebelum= 32,0%, rerata setelah= 51,2%, p< 0,05). Hasil kuesioner menunjukkan bahwa ada korelasi yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan fasilitas, namun disisi lain kepatuhan dilaporkan buruk. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan yang buruk secara statistik terkait secara signifikan dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki (63,5%), staf tidak terlatih (58,5%) dan tidak tersedianya tempat cuci tangan (60,4%). Tingkat kepatuhan yang rendah angkanya ditemukan cukup tinggi di ICU, di antara responden yang lebih muda dan tidak sadar. Kata Kunci: kebersihan tangan, kepatuhan, hospital acquired infection, tenaga kesehatan, keselamatan pasien, Pengetahuan-Sikap-Praktik
'Otro': consideraciones a favor de su no inclusión en la categoría de determinante
Authors: Brugè Laura
Published: December 2018

En el español actual otro presenta propiedades complejas y, como en otros idiomas, la contribución que esta pieza léxica aporta al significado del sintagma nominal está relacionada con el contexto comunicativo: una expresión nominal modificada por otro denota una o más entidades que se diferencian o se suman a otra u otras entidades introducidas precedentemente en el contexto o conocidas ya. En este trabajo se estudia las propiedades interpretativas y sintácticas de otro según una perspectiva comparativa con otras lenguas románicas, en particular, el catalán, el francés y el italiano. Se argumentará que en el español actual este elemento no puede analizarse como un determinante, sino como un adjetivo con propiedades funcionales cuando aparece en contextos definidos (referenciales) y como un cuantificador cuando aparece en contextos indefinidos (existenciales). Esto explicaría la omisión de un determinante indefinido. Además, adoptando el enfoque cartográfico y extendiendo al español actual la propuesta de Cinque (2015) sobre “otro” en italiano y otros idiomas, se argumentará que las dos interpretaciones que otro expresa, es decir, la interpretación de alteridad y la interpretación aditiva, están asociadas, en contextos referenciales, a dos posiciones diferentes dentro de la estructura interna de la expresión nominal. Se mostrará asimismo que cuando otro es cuantificador puede combinarse con otros cuantificadores existenciales, dando lugar a formas complejas.
Marketing via Email Solicitation by Predatory (and Legitimate) Journals: An Evaluation of Quality, Frequency and Relevance
Authors: Burggren Warren , Madasu Dilip K. , Hawkins Kevin S. , Halbert Martin
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION Open access (OA) journals have proliferated in recent years. Many journals are highly reputable, delivering on the promise of open access to research as an alternative to traditional, subscription-based journals. Yet some OA journals border on, or clearly fall within, the realm of so-called “predatory journals.” Most discussion of such journals has focused on the quality of articles published within them. Considerably less attention has been paid to the marketing practices of predatory journals—primarily their mass e-mailing—and to the impact that this practice may have on recipients’ perception of OA journals as a whole. METHODS This study analyzed a subset of the 1,816 e-mails received by a single university biology faculty member during a 24-month period (2015 and 2016) with an update from December 2017 and January 2018. RESULTS Of those e-mails sent in 2015, approximately 37% were copies or near-copies of previous e-mail messages sent to the recipient, less than 25% of e-mails from predatory journals mentioned publication fees, only about 30% of soliciting journals were listed in DOAJ, and only about 4% had an identifiable impact factor. While most e-mails indicated a purported familiarity with, and respect for, the recipient, more than two thirds of the e-mails did not, implying use of mass-e-mailing methodologies. Almost 80% of the e-mail solicitations had grammar and/or spelling mistakes. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, only a staggeringly small 4% of e-mails were judged highly relevant to the recipient’s area of expertise. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In light of the marketing practices of many predatory journals, we advocate specific instructions for librarians, faculty mentors, and administrators of legitimate OA journals as they interact with new researchers, junior faculty, and other professionals learning how to discern the quality of journals that send direct e-mail solicitations.
Confused about copyright? Assessing Researchers’ Comprehension of Copyright Transfer Agreements
Authors: Kohn Alexandra , Lange Jessica
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION Academic authors’ confusion about copyright and publisher policy is often cited as a challenge to their effective sharing of their own published research, from having a chilling effect on selfarchiving in institutional and subject repositories, to leading to the posting of versions of articles on social networking sites in contravention of publisher policy and beyond. This study seeks to determine the extent to which authors understand the terms of these policies as expressed in publishers’ copyright transfer agreements (CTAs), taking into account such factors as the authors’ disciplines and publishing experience, as well as the wording and structure of these agreements. METHODS We distributed an online survey experiment to corresponding authors of academic research articles indexed in the Scopus database. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of two copyright transfer agreements and were subsequently asked to answer a series of questions about these agreements to determine their level of comprehension. The survey was sent to 3,154 participants, with 122 responding, representing a 4% response rate. Basic demographic information as well as information about participants’ previous publishing experience was also collected. We analyzed the survey data using Ordinary Least Squared (OLS) regressions and probit regressions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Participants demonstrated a low rate of understanding of the terms of the CTAs they were asked to read. Participants averaged a score of 33% on the survey, indicating a low comprehension level of author rights. This figure did not vary significantly, regardless of the respondents’ discipline, time in academia, level of experience with publishing, or whether or not they had published previously with the publisher whose CTA they were administered. Results also indicated that participants did equally poorly on the survey regardless of which of the two CTAs they received. However, academic authors do appear to have a greater chance of understanding a CTA when a specific activity is explicitly outlined in the text of the agreement.
Flower visitation by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a temperate plant-pollinator network
Authors: Klecka Jan , Hadrava Jiří , Biella Paolo , Akter Asma
Published: December 2018

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are among the most important pollinators, although they attract less attention than bees. They are usually thought to be rather opportunistic flower visitors, although previous studied demonstrated that they show colour preferences and their nectar feeding is affected by morphological constraints related to flower morphology. Despite the growing appreciation of hoverflies and other non-bee insects as pollinators, there is a lack of community-wide studies of flower visitation by syrphids. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of flower visitation patterns in a species rich community of syrphids in a Central European grassland and to evaluate how species traits shape the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network. We found that different species varied in the level of specialisation, and while some species visited a similar spectre of flowers, others partitioned resources more strongly. There was a consistent difference in both specialisation and flower preferences between three syrphid subfamilies. Eristalinae and Pipizinae were more specialised than Syrphinae. Trait-based analyses showed that relative flower visitation (i) increased with plant height, but most strongly in Eristalinae; (ii) increased with inflorescence size in small species from all three subfamilies, but was independent of inflorescence size in large species of Eristalinae and Syrphinae; and (iii) depended on flower colour, but in a subfamily-specific way. Eristalinae showed the strongest flower colour preferences for white flowers, Pipizinae visited mostly white and yellow flowers, while Syrphinae were less affected by flower colour. Exploration of the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network showed that the network was both modular and nested. We also found that there were almost no differences in specialisation and relative visitation frequency between males and females. Overall, we showed that flower visitation in syrphids was affected by phylogenetic relatedness, body size of syrphids and several plant traits.
Compatibility between object size and response side in grasping: the left hand prefers smaller objects, the right hand prefers larger objects
Authors: Seegelke Christian , Wühr Peter
Published: December 2018

It has been proposed that the brain processes quantities such as space, size, number, and other magnitudes using a common neural metric, and that this common representation system reflects a direct link to motor control, because the integration of spatial, temporal, and other quantity-related information is fundamental for sensorimotor transformation processes. In the present study, we examined compatibility effects between physical stimulus size and spatial (response) location during a sensorimotor task. Participants reached and grasped for a small or large object with either their non-dominant left or their dominant right hand. Our results revealed that participants initiated left hand movements faster when grasping the small cube compared to the large cube, whereas they initiated right hand movements faster when grasping the large cube compared to the small cube. Moreover, the compatibility effect influenced the timing of grip aperture kinematics. These findings indicate that the interaction between object size and response hand affects the planning of grasping movements and supports the notion of a strong link between the cognitive representation of (object) size, spatial (response) parameters, and sensorimotor control.
Organ doses evaluation for chest computed tomography procedures with TL dosimeters: Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Giansante Louise , Martins Juliana C. , Nersissian Denise Y. , Kiers Karen C. , Kay Fernando U. , Sawamura Marcio V. Y. , Lee Choonsik , Gebrim Eloisa M. M. S. , Costa Paulo R.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

To evaluate organ doses in routine and low‐dose chest computed tomography (CT) protocols using an experimental methodology. To compare experimental results with results obtained by the National Cancer Institute dosimetry system for CT (NCICT) organ dose calculator. To address the differences on organ dose measurements using tube current modulation (TCM) and fixed tube current protocols.

Methods

An experimental approach to evaluate organ doses in pediatric and adult anthropomorphic phantoms using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) was employed in this study. Several analyses were performed in order to establish the best way to achieve the main results in this investigation. The protocols used in this study were selected after an analysis of patient data collected from the Institute of Radiology of the School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (InRad). The image quality was evaluated by a radiologist from this institution. Six chest adult protocols and four chest pediatric protocols were evaluated. Lung doses were evaluated for the adult phantom and lung and thyroid doses were evaluated for the pediatric phantom. The irradiations were performed using both a GE and a Philips CT scanner. Finally, organ doses measured with dosimeters were compared with Monte Carlo simulations performed with NCICT.

Results

After analyzing the data collected from all CT examinations performed during a period of 3 yr, the authors identified that adult and pediatric chest CT are among the most applied protocol in patients in that clinical institution, demonstrating the relevance on evaluating organ doses due to these examinations. With regards to the scan parameters adopted, the authors identified that using 80 kV instead of 120 kV for a pediatric chest routine CT, with TCM in both situations, can lead up to a 28.7% decrease on the absorbed dose. Moreover, in comparison to the standard adult protocol, which is performed with fixed mAs, TCM, and ultra low‐dose protocols resulted in dose reductions of up to 35.0% and 90.0%, respectively. Finally, the percent differences found between experimental and Monte Carlo simulated organ doses were within a 20% interval.

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study measured the impact on the absorbed dose in routine chest CT by changing several scan parameters while the image quality could be potentially preserved.
A novel VRK1 mutation associated with recessive distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Feng Shu‐Yan , Li Liu‐Yi , Feng Shu‐Man , Zou Zhang‐Yu
Published: December 2018

Vaccinia‐related kinase 1 (VRK1) mutations can cause motor phenotypes including axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN), spinal muscular atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we identify a novel homozygous VRK1 p.W375X mutation causing recessive dHMN. The proband presented with juvenile onset of weakness in the distal lower extremities, slowly progressing to the distal upper limbs, with bilateral pes cavus and no upper motor or sensory neuron involvement. Nerve conduction studies showed a pure motor axonal neuropathy. Our findings extend the ethnic distribution of VRK1 mutations, indicating that these mutations should be included in genetic diagnostic testing for dHMN.
Photonics and Optoelectronics with Bacteria: Making Materials from Photosynthetic Microorganisms
Authors: Milano Francesco , Punzi Angela , Ragni Roberta , Trotta Massimo , Farinola Gianluca M.
Published: December 2018

A critical selection of the recent literature reports on the use of photosynthetic and photoresponsive bacteria as a source of materials for optoelectronics and photonic devices is discussed, together with the applications foreseen in solar energy conversion and storage and light information technologies. The use of both photoactive cellular components and entire living cells is reviewed, aiming to highlight the great conceptual impact of these studies. These studies point out possible deep changes in the paradigm of design, and synthesis of materials and devices for optoelectronics. Although the possible technological impact of this technology is still hard to be predicted, these studies advance the understanding of photonics of living organisms and develop new intriguing concepts in biomaterials research.
Disordered Structures in Biology Can Provide Material Properties not Obtained with Precise Hierarchy
Authors: Metzler Rebecca A. , Barthelat Francois , Wilker Jonathan J.
Published: December 2018

Biological organisms exist in an astounding array of habitats. The materials produced by these organisms correspondingly exhibit significant diversity in function and form. Highly ordered and structured biological materials have been the subject of intense scientific investigation, especially in the context of exploring possible models for functional materials. Biological materials lacking in organized structure, on the other hand, such as barnacle exoskeletons, have largely been ignored. Here disordered biological materials falling into four different classes are discussed: soft and organic, hard and organic, soft and a composite of organic and inorganic, and hard and a composite of organic and inorganic. Across the examples within each class of materials one can see disorder at different length scales providing increases in fracture resistance or flexibility, suggesting disordered biological materials have much to teach us in terms of materials design.
Ultrafast Electrochemical Trigger Drug Delivery Mechanism for Nanographene Micromachines
Authors: Khezri Bahareh , Beladi Mousavi Seyyed Mohsen , Krejčová Ludmila , Heger Zbyněk , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin
Published: December 2018

Nano/micromachines with autonomous motion are the frontier of nanotechnology and nanomaterial research. These self‐propelled nano/micromachines convert chemical energy obtained from their surroundings to propulsion. They have shown great potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This work introduces a high‐speed tubular electrically conductive micromachine based on reduced nanographene oxide (n‐rGO) as a platform for drug delivery and platinum (Pt) as the catalytic inner layer. n‐rGO/Pt micromachines are loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) by a simple physical adsorption with a very high loading efficiency, displaying single‐ or multistrand wrapping of DOX monomers on the micromachine cylinders. More importantly, it is found that electron injection into DOX@n‐rGO/Pt micromachines via electrochemistry leads to expulsion of DOX from micromachines in motion within only a few seconds. An in vitro study confirms this efficient release mechanism in the presence of cancerous cells. The unique properties of the n‐rGO/Pt micromotor enable the effective management of DOX release at the tumor site and thus enhances the therapeutic efficiency and reduces the side toxicity toward the healthy tissue. These micromachine drug carriers combine the high loading capacity of conventional carbon‐based drug carriers with a fast and efficient electrochemical drug‐release mechanism.
Mg3+δSbxBi2−x Family: A Promising Substitute for the State‐of‐the‐Art n‐Type Thermoelectric Materials near Room Temperature
Authors: Shu Rui , Zhou Yecheng , Wang Qi , Han Zhijia , Zhu Yongbin , Liu Yong , Chen Yuexing , Gu Meng , Xu Wei , Wang Yu , Zhang Wenqing , Huang Li , Liu Weishu
Published: December 2018

The Bi2Te3−xSex family has constituted n‐type state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric materials near room temperature (RT) for more than half a century, which dominates the active cooling and novel heat harvesting application near RT. However, the drawbacks of a brittle nature and Te‐content restricts the possibility for exploring potential applications. Here, it is shown that the Mg3+δSbxBi2−x family ((ZT)avg = 1.05) could be a promising substitute for the Bi2Te3−xSex family ((ZT)avg = 0.9–1.0) in the temperature range of 50–250 °C based on the comparable thermoelectric performance through a synergistic effect from the tunable bandgap using the alloy effect and the suppressible Mg‐vacancy formation using an interstitial Mn dopant. The former is to shift the optimal thermoelectric performance to near RT, and the latter is helpful to partially decouple the electrical transport and thermal transport in order to get an optimal RT power factor. The positive temperature dependence of the bandgap suggests this family is also a superior medium‐temperature thermoelectric material for the significantly suppressed bipolar effect. Furthermore, a two times higher mechanical toughness, compared with the Bi2Te3−xSex family, allows for a promising substitute for state‐of‐the‐art n‐type thermoelectric materials near RT.
Large‐Area Organic Solar Cells: Material Requirements, Modular Designs, and Printing Methods
Authors: Wang Guodong , Adil Muhammad Abdullah , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang
Published: December 2018

The printing of large‐area organic solar cells (OSCs) has become a frontier for organic electronics and is also regarded as a critical step in their industrial applications. With the rapid progress in the field of OSCs, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) for small‐area devices is approaching 15%, whereas the PCE for large‐area devices has also surpassed 10% in a single cell with an area of ≈1 cm2. Here, the progress of this fast developing area is reviewed, mainly focusing on: 1) material requirements (materials that are able to form efficient thick active layer films for large‐area printing); 2) modular designs (effective designs that can suppress electrical, geometric, optical, and additional losses, leading to a reduction in the PCE of the devices, as a consequence of substrate area expansion); and 3) printing methods (various scalable fabrication techniques that are employed for large‐area fabrication, including knife coating, slot‐die coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, pad printing, and brush coating). By combining thick‐film material systems with efficient modular designs exhibiting low‐efficiency losses and employing the right printing methods, the fabrication of large‐area OSCs will be successfully realized in the near future.
Recent Advances in Energetics and Stability of Metal Halide Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yang Jian‐Ming , Luo Yuxin , Bao Qinye , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: December 2018

Metal halide perovskites are emerging as a new class of photoactive materials for next‐generation optoelectronics in recent years due to their unique optical and electronic properties. Regardless of significant progress on high‐performance perovskite‐based devices, it is of paramount importance to unveiling the interface energetics, which are crucial for the photon‐harvesting process and energy loss in the layered device configuration. In addition, the stability issue of perovskite materials and related devices has severely hindered their practical application. Herein, the recent advances in the interrelation between perovskite composition, electronic structure, and stability are reviewed. The interface energetics and band alignment with adjacent transport layers, as well as deterioration mechanisms, are addressed in terms of internal composition and external environmental factors. The strategies to improve the device efficiency and durability with interface modification are also discussed. The comprehensive microscopic understandings and precise control of electronic structures and degradation pathways exhibit great potential toward higher‐performance perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Nanoporous SnO2/Fe2O3/IrO2 Thin Film Composite Electrodes with Ultralow Noble Metal Loading
Authors: Haschke Sandra , Zhuo Ying , Schlicht Stefanie , Barr Maïssa K. S. , Kloth Ricarda , Dufond Maxime E. , Santinacci Lionel , Bachmann Julien
Published: December 2018

A conductive SnO2 layer and small quantities of IrO2 surface cocatalyst enhance the catalytic efficiency of nanoporous Fe2O3 electrodes in the oxygen evolution reaction at neutral pH. Anodic alumina templates are therefore coated with thin layers of SnO2, Fe2O3, and IrO2 by atomic layer deposition. In the first step, the Fe2O3 electrode is modified with a conductive SnO2 layer and submitted to different postdeposition thermal treatments in order to maximize its catalytic performance. The combination of steady‐state electrolysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that catalytic turnover and e− extraction are most efficient if both layers are amorphous in nature. In the second step, small quantities of IrO2 with extremely low iridium loading of 7.5 µg cm−2 are coated on the electrode surface. These electrodes reveal favorable long‐term stability over at least 15 h and achieve maximized steady‐state current densities of 0.57 ± 0.05 mA cm−2 at η = 0.38 V and pH 7 (1.36 ± 0.10 mA cm−2 at η = 0.48 V) in dark conditions. This architecture enables charge carrier separation and reduces the photoelectrochemical water oxidation onset by 300 mV with respect to pure Fe2O3 electrodes of identical geometry.
N Doped Carbon Dot Modified WO3 Nanoflakes for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Kong Weiqian , Zhang Xiaofan , Liu Shuangshuang , Zhou Yannan , Chang Binbin , Zhang Shouren , Fan Hongbo , Yang Baocheng
Published: December 2018

It is a serious challenge to develop photoanodes with fast charge separation efficiency and surface reaction kinetics. Herein, the N doped carbon dot modified WO3 nanoflake (NCDs/WO3) is constructed by impregnation method. The resulting NCDs/WO3 exhibits an excellent photocurrent density of 1.42 mA cm−2 (1.0 V vs saturated calomel electrode, SCE) in 1 m H2SO4 solution under AM 1.5 G irradiation, which is 2.25 times higher than that of the pristine WO3. In addition, the onset potential of NCDs/WO3 photoanode represents a cathodic shift of 70 mV, indicating the charge separation and transfer process are both promoted. These results demonstrate N doped CD modified WO3 can further enhance the conductivity and electrochemical activity surface area, which contributes to the higher photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. This work provides an efficient strategy for the development of doping carbon material with heteroatoms to increase the charge transfer and charge separation efficiency in PEC water oxidation.
Nylon Fabric Enabled Tough and Flaw Insensitive Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Sim Kyoseung , Gao Yang , Chen Zhou , Song Jizhou , Yu Cunjiang
Published: December 2018

The architecture of stretchable electronics, typically in the fashion of very thin functional electronics on a stretchable rubber substrate, defines their mechanical robustness which is dominantly attributed to the stretchable rubber substrate. Most of the existing and reported stretchable electronics are vulnerable to flaws or cracks in the substrate and subject to fracture upon mechanical deformation, which limits their practical usages. Here, a class of tough and flaw insensitive stretchable electronics enabled by a Nylon/rubber composite substrate is reported. The woven and stretchable fibers in the Nylon fabric are responsible for its high toughness and flaw insensitivity, as they prevent crack propagation by dissipating the energy into the nearby fiber network and also the rubber matrix to yield enhanced toughness and flaw insensitivity. Stretchable electrodes, supercapacitors, and photodetectors with high toughness and flaw insensitivity are developed as examples to illustrate the validity of such a type of stretchable electronics. Systematic studies of the associated materials, fabrication, mechanical and electrical properties, and reliability illustrate the key aspects of such a type of stretchable tough and flaw insensitive electronics and also suggest routes toward stretchable electronics with other functions.
Platinum–Halloysite Nanoclay Nanojets as Sensitive and Selective Mobile Nanosensors for Mercury Detection
Authors: Maric Tijana , Mayorga‐Martinez Carmen C. , Nasir Muhammad Zafir Mohamad , Pumera Martin
Published: December 2018

Naturally available tubular Halloysite nanoclay is modified with platinum for the fabrication of autonomous self‐moving nanojets. The nanojets exhibit great performance in the removal of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. The heavy metal ions get readily adsorbed onto the large surface area available on the Halloysite nanoclay. The fabricated nanojets are observed to have a greater efficiency with sensing of larger sized metal ions (Hg2+ and Pb2+) as compared to smaller sized ions (Zn2+ and Cd2+), and especially sensitive toward the “detection” of mercury ions. The proposed system displays a wide detection range (0.25–1000 ppb). Moreover, the system displays high sensitivity with low limit of detection (3.24 ppb) achieved, which falls in the permissible range for mercury in drinking water (2–5.5 ppb) as set by the World Health Organisation. The self‐moving nanojets serve as mobile nanosensors for the simultaneous detection and removal of heavy metals in aqueous samples.