bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anatomical-Based Diagnosis and Filler Injection Techniques: Lips and Philtrum
Authors: Hong Gi-Woong , Choi Wonseok , Yoon Song-Eun , Wan Jovian , Yi Kyu-Ho
Published: February 2025

Lip augmentation has become increasingly popular in aesthetic medicine, driven by advancements in dermal filler technologies and injection techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of lip anatomy, age-related changes, and current best practices in lip augmentation using dermal fillers. The complex structure of the lips, including multiple layers of skin, muscle, and mucosa, contributes to their unique appearance and function. Age-related changes, such as volume loss, thinning of the vermilion border, and flattening of the philtrum, significantly impact lip aesthetics. Understanding these changes is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. The review discusses the importance of tailoring treatments to individual patient needs, considering factors such as ethnic variations in lip structure and cultural preferences. It emphasizes the significance of proper filler selection, with hyaluronic acid-based products being the gold standard due to their biocompatibility and reversibility. Injection techniques, including needle and cannula approaches, are described in detail, with a focus on safety and optimal aesthetic outcomes. Anatomical considerations, particularly the vascular supply to the lips, are highlighted as critical for avoiding complications during filler injections. The review also addresses the evolving approach to lip augmentation, which now focuses on restoring natural contours and addressing age-related changes in the perioral region rather than simply increasing volume. Finally, the importance of managing patient expectations and the potential for future advancements in the field are discussed, including the development of more targeted filler products and refined injection techniques.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In-Doped Low-Temperature SnPb Solders
Authors: Xie Xiaochen , Lin Pengrong , Lian Binhao , Xu Shimeng , Wang Yong , Shi Shuyuan , Fu Leqi , Zhao Xiuchen
Published: February 2025

In this paper, In was introduced into SnPb eutectic solder to develop a new low-temperature solder for three-dimensional packaging technology. SnPbIn solders containing 5, 10, 13, 15 and 17 wt.% In were prepared through vacuum induction melting. The effect of the addition of In on the microstructure and thermal and mechanical properties of the SnPbIn solders was investigated. The results showed that the SnPb eutectic solder consisted of Sn(ss) and Pb(ss), but when the In content was higher than 5 wt.%, the SnPbIn solder included Sn(ss) and Pb(ss) and a new InSn4 phase. Solid dissolution of the In element into Sn(ss) and Pb(ss) preferentially occurred. The melting points of the SnPbIn solders gradually decreased with the increasing addition of the In element. The melting point of the Sn-Pb-13In solder decreased to 150.5 °C, which met the requirements of 2.5D packaging. But the cast Sn-Pb-5In solder reached the best tensile strength of 48.8 MPa and elongation of 27.3%. Super-plasticity occurred in the cold-rolled SnPbIn, while the 59.9Sn35.1 Pb5In solder achieved elongation of 382.0% and 408.6%, respectively, at deformation of 70% and 90%. The super-plasticity originated from the recrystallization behavior and soft orientation.
Effect of Annealing in Air on the Structural and Optical Properties and Efficiency Improvement of TiO2/CuxO Solar Cells Obtained via Direct-Current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Wisz Grzegorz , Sibiński Maciej , Łabuz Mirosław , Potera Piotr , Płoch Dariusz , Bester Mariusz , Yavorskyi Rostyslav
Published: February 2025

In this study, four various titanium dioxide/cuprum oxide (TiO2/CuxO) photovoltaic structures deposited on glass/indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using the direct-current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering technique were annealed in air. In our previous work, the deposition parameters for different buffer layer configurations were first optimized to enhance cell fabrication efficiency. In this paper, the effects of post-deposition annealing at 150 °C in air on the optical properties and I-V characteristics of the prepared structures were examined. As a result, significant changes in optical properties and a meaningful improvement in performance in comparison to unannealed cells were observed. Air annealing led to an increase in the reflection coefficient of the TiO2 layer for three out of four structures. A similar increase in the reflection of the CuxO layer occurred after heating for two out of four structures. Transmission of the TiO2/CuxO photovoltaic structures also increased after heating for three out of four samples. For two structures, changes in both transmission and reflection resulted in higher absorption. Moreover, annealing the as-deposited structures resulted in a maximum relative increase in open-circuit voltage (Voc) by 294% and an increase in short-circuit current (Isc) by 1200%. The presented article gives some in-depth analysis of these reported changes in character and origin.
The Krasnoselskii–Mann Method for Approximation of Coincidence Points of Set-Valued Mappings
Authors: Zaslavski Alexander J.
Published: February 2025

In the present paper, we use the Krasnoselskii–Mann method in order to obtain approximate coincidence points of set-valued mappings in metric spaces with a hyperbolic structure.
Modified Information Criterion for Testing Changes in the Inverse Gaussian Degradation Process
Authors: Qiao Jiahua , Cai Xia , Zhang Meiqi
Published: February 2025

The Inverse Gaussian process is a useful stochastic process to model the monotonous degradation process of a certain component. Owing to the phenomenon that the degradation processes often exhibit multi-stage characteristics because of the internal degradation mechanisms and external environmental factors, a change-point Inverse Gaussian process is studied in this paper. A modified information criterion method is applied to illustrate the existence and estimate of the change point. A reliability function is derived based on the proposed method. The simulations are conducted to show the performance of the proposed method. As a result, the procedure outperforms the existing procedure with regard to test power and consistency. Finally, the procedure is applied to hydraulic piston pump data to demonstrate its practical application.
The Effect of Laser Biostimulation at Sensitized Acupoints on Chronic Pelvic Pain and Quality of Life in Women with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hasanin Marwa Esmael , Aly Sobhy Mahmoud , Taha Mona Mohamed , Mahmoud Lama Saad El-Din , Aldhahi Monira I.
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Although acupuncture has been increasingly used for the management of CPP, there is insufficient research to support the use of laser stimulation of sensitized acupoints. This study aimed to investigate the effects of laser on sensitized acupoints on pelvic pain perception and quality of life in women with pelvic inflammatory disease. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six women with CPP caused by chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were randomly divided into two equal groups. Both groups received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while the study group also received a low-level laser at sensitized acupoints for 6 weeks. All the patients were evaluated before and after the intervention. The 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to measure the quality of life, while a pressure algometer and visual analog scale for pain (VAS-P) were used to measure pain sensitivity and intensity, respectively. A mixed MANOVA was used to investigate the effects of the treatment. Results: A mixed MANOVA on VAS, SF-12, and PPT scores revealed significant interaction effects of treatment and time (F = 38.34, p = 0.001, partial η2 = 0.96) and main effects of treatment (F = 9.74, p = 0.001) and time (F = 110.1, p = 0.001). Post-treatment, the study group showed greater reductions in VAS (MD = −1.00, p = 0.001), improvements in SF-12 (MD = 9.11, p = 0.001), and increased Pressure Pain Thresholds (PPT) at multiple anatomical points (p = 0.001–0.01). Conclusions: Laser biostimulation of neurogenic-sensitized acupoints significantly improves pain perception, intensity, and quality of life in women with CPP. suggested that the utilization of laser therapy at sensitized acupoints should be considered a potential component of a rehabilitation program for females suffering from chronic pelvic pain resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05537207; Date of registration: 13 September 2022).
Extraction of Rhenium with Trialkylbenzylammonium Chloride
Authors: Kalina I. A. , Zlobina E. V. , Bekishev Zh. Zh. , Ismailova A. G. , Tassibekov Kh. S. , Iskakov Z. A. , Toksanbayev B. Zh. , Kumarbekova A. T. , Fomenko A. S.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the extraction of rhenium using trialkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (TABAC) as an alternative to trialkylamine (TAA) for recovering rhenium from highly diluted solutions. Rhenium, present as ReO4− over a wide acidity range, was extracted via an anion exchange mechanism in single-stage experiments monitored by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Key variables, including pH, acid concentration, and the concentrations of extractant and metal, were examined. The results demonstrated a high extraction efficiency exceeding 99% within a pH range of 2 to 7 and from solutions containing sulfuric or hydrochloric acid at concentrations of 0.1 to 3.0 M (mol/L). However, extraction from nitric acid solutions was less efficient, with less than 30% recovery. Performance for both TAA-kerosene and TABAC-kerosene followed the order H2SO4 > HCl > HNO3. The optimal TABAC concentration was 10−2 M (mol/L) in kerosene. TABAC also showed higher selectivity than TAA, with separation coefficients Re/Mo = 66.8 and Re/W = 55.8 in 0.1–1.0 M (mol/L) sulfuric acid. Based on equilibrium studies, the complexes formed during extraction were identified as [R3R′NH]ReO4. This approach may offer environmentally friendly and cost-effective benefits for large-scale industrial applications, enabling efficient recovery of valuable rhenium while reducing waste and environmental impact.
Effect of Ag and Ti Addition on the Deformation and Tribological Behavior of Zr-Co-Al Bulk Metallic Glass
Authors: Alla Siva Shankar , Eskandari Mohammad , Jha Shristy , Pei Ziyu , Vincent S. , Ryu Wook Ha , Park Eun Soo , Mukherjee Sundeep
Published: February 2025

The effects of a small addition of Ag and Ti on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior of Zr-Co-Al bulk metallic glass (BMG) were investigated. A 5 at.% addition of Ag and Ti to the Zr-Co-Al base alloy improved the thermal stability and had no significant effect on the mechanical properties but considerably improved the wear behavior. The coefficient of friction decreased while the wear rate increased with increasing normal loads for all three alloys. Zr-Co-Al-Ti showed the best tribological performance among the studied alloys, with coefficient of friction and wear rate lower by a factor of four compared to Zr-Co-Al BMG. Predominantly oxidative wear was seen for the quaternary Zr-Co-Al-Ag and Zr-Co-Al-Ti BMGs at higher loads in contrast to abrasive and adhesive wear for the ternary Zr-Co-Al base alloy. These results highlight the potential of Ag and Ti micro-alloying for improving the mechanical and tribological properties of Zr-based amorphous alloys.
Analysis of the Influence of Process Parameters on Transverse Flux Induction Heating of Endless-Rolling Strip
Authors: Gao Lin , Shi Fang-Zhou , Yan Meng , He Yi-Ping , Xiang Jian , Qi Xiao-Hu , Huang Hua-Gui
Published: February 2025

This study focuses on the effect of an induction heating device on the entry of a thin strip continuous casting and rolling line. A finite element model for the electromagnetic–thermal coupling of transverse magnetic flux induction heating was developed by adopting COMSOL software 6.1 to systematically investigate the effects of process parameters on the magnetic field, eddy current field, and the transverse temperature distribution of the strip. The results show that when the gap is between 20 mm and 40 mm, the maximum value of magnetic induction in the overheating region at the edges of the strip increases from 0.28 T to 0.35 T and 0.38. When the strip width is 1000 mm, there is an approximately 29% increase in magnetic induction in comparison to a strip with a width of 800 mm, and both eddy current density and temperature exhibit abnormal fluctuations. The maximum temperature difference in the temperature uniformity region at the center of the strip is only 3 °C at different frequencies, and the temperature-rise curves almost completely overlap. With increasing current, the temperature difference between the weak temperature region and the temperature uniformity region at the center widens, indicating a deterioration in temperature uniformity. Meanwhile, the field conditions are simulated using a simplified model of continuous heating. The results indicate that the maximum temperature deviation in the overheating region at the edges of the strip is 6 °C, while the deviation in the temperature uniformity region is 2 °C. Furthermore, the simulation data reveal an average temperature rise of 1156 °C across the width of the strip, with a deviation of 1.4 °C compared to the measured results, which verifies the validity of the proposed model. The analysis results provide a reference basis for designing transverse magnetic flux induction heating devices and optimizing process parameters.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of a Thermal Microflow Sensor: A Comprehensive Modeling and Simulation Study
Authors: Gao Junhua , Tian Liangliang , Cheng Zhengfu
Published: February 2025

The advancement of microfluidic technology has introduced new requirements for the sensitivity of microflow sensors. To address this, this paper presents a novel high-sensitivity thermal microflow sensor incorporating a heat-insulating cavity structure. The sensor utilizes porous silicon as the substrate and employs vanadium dioxide as the thermistor element. This study employed COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software 5.6 to investigate the impact of materials and structural factors on the sensor’s sensitivity, as well as considering the dynamic laws governing their influence. Additionally, the effects of thermal expansion and thermal stress on the microstructure of the sensor are thoroughly examined. The research results show that the sensitivity of the sensor was influenced by key factors such as the distance between the heater and the thermistors, the diameter of the flow channel, the power of the heater, and the presence of an insulation cavity. The utilization of B-phase vanadium dioxide, known for its high temperature coefficient of resistance and suitable resistivity, led to a significant reduction in sensor size and a remarkable improvement in sensitivity. The implementation of four thermistors forming a Wheatstone full bridge further enhanced the sensor’s sensitivity. The sensor’s sensitivity was substantially higher when employing a porous silicon substrate compared with a silicon substrate. Moreover, the integration of a micro-bridge and four micro-beams composed of silicon nitride into the sensor’s structure further improved its sensitivity. The proposed design holds promise for enhancing the sensitivity of thermal microflow sensors and offers valuable insights for future advancements in MEMS technology.
Alteration in Tracheal Morphology and Transcriptomic Features in Calves After Infection with Mycoplasma bovis
Authors: Liu Fan , Yang Fei , Guo Lei , Yang Mengmeng , Li Yong , Li Jidong , Guo Yanan , He Shenghu
Published: February 2025

Mycoplasma bovis is one of the most important pathogens in animal husbandry, and the current infection and morbidity rates are increasing year by year, causing great losses to the farming industry and seriously affecting animal welfare. In this study, we took tracheal tissues from calves infected with M. bovis to make pathological tissue sections for observation, and selected tracheal tissues for transcriptome sequencing to screen differentially expressed genes based on the threshold |log2FoldChange| > 1 and Padjust < 0.05 and functional enrichment, to explore in depth the potential mechanisms of bovine tracheal damage caused by bovine tracheitis. Experiments were conducted to observe the changes in tracheal tissues after M. bovis infection through pathological sections of the trachea of M. bovis-infected calves. From the transcriptome sequencing results, we mined the main differential genes and important metabolic pathways of M. bovis causing damage to the trachea of calves. It was found that the cricoid cartilage tissue of the trachea was congested and hemorrhagic after M. bovis infection in calves, and the pathological sections showed localized necrosis of epithelial cells, disorganization, high inflammatory cell infiltration in the interepithelial and lamina propria, and some epithelial cell detachment. Transcriptome sequencing identified 4199 DEGs, including 1378 up-regulated genes and 2821 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the differential genes were enriched to 59 significantly differing signaling pathways, and a number of important metabolic pathways related to tracheitis induced by M. bovis-infected calves were unearthed. The major ones included IL-17, the Toll-like receptor, JAK/STAT, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. In this study, we found that M. bovis infection of calves caused inflammatory damage to the trachea, and transcriptome sequencing results also showed significant differences in the expression of key genes such as IL-6 inflammatory factor, CASP8, and APOA1.
Comparison of Soil Microbial Composition in Rhizospheres Between Wilt Disease-Resistant and Susceptible Melon Varieties
Authors: Qiu Lulu , Zhu Yu , Li Xinni , Qin Yuchen , Li Guifen , Ye Yunfeng , He Yi , Huang Jinyan , Yang Shangdong
Published: February 2025

To screen out the bio-control soil microorganisms for preventing melon wilt, soil microbial compositions in rhizospheres between wilt-resistant and susceptible melon varieties were analyzed. The results showed that the soil fungal richness in rhizospheres of wilt-resistant melon varieties (MT) was significantly higher than that of wilt-susceptible melon varieties (MS). Additionally, in comparison with MS, soil bacterial compositions, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Acidibacter, Streptomyces, etc., and the soil fungal compositions, such as Penicillium, Derxomyces, Aspergillus, and Talaromyces, enriched; also, Trichoderma, Gibellulopsis, and Pseudallescheria decreased in rhizospheres of wilt-resistant melon varieties (MT). Moreover, Mycothermus, Zopfiella, and Cladorrhinum were the unique soil-dominant fungal genera in rhizospheres of MT. All the above results suggested that the soil bacterial communities, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Acidibacter, Streptomyces, etc., and the soil fungal communities, such as Penicillium, Derxomyces, Aspergillus, Talaromyces Mycothermus, Zopfiella, and Cladorrhinum, could be speculated as the potential soil bio-control microorganisms for preventing melon wilt.
Origin and Implication of the Paoma Granite in the Western Yangtze Block, South China Craton
Authors: Mabi Awei , Zhong Changhong , Li Yanlong , Yu Niuben , Liu Bo , Lv Feifei , Li Gang , Gan Ping
Published: February 2025

The Meso- to Neoproterozoic magmatic rocks cropping out in the western Yangtze Block are pivotal to comprehending the tectonic-magmatic revolutionary processes of the South China Craton during the breakup and assembly of Rodinia. A combined study including a detailed geological survey, systemic measurement of the geological section, petrographic observations, geochronology, and elemental geochemistry was carried out on the southern margin of the Paoma granitic pluton in SW China. The obtained data of major elements, along with the mineralogy that includes aluminosilicate minerals, indicate that the studied 825.7 ± 6.0 Ma Paoma granites are peraluminous, which is consistent with an affinity with S-type granites. They show seagull-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns with strongly negative Eu anomalies. They are enriched in LRREs and Large Ion Lithophile Elements but are depleted in High Field Strength Elements, with strongly negative Nb, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies. We conclude that the Paoma granite magma originated from the partial melting of clay-rich mudstone from the upper crust. The geochemical data of Paoma granite, integrated with the regional geological context, are consistent with a tectonic setting involving a fossil ridge subduction. The 825.7 Ma Paoma granite, along with the 830 Ma Guandaoshan gabbros showing N-MORB geochemical signatures, defines an east-west trending Neoproterozoic “slab window” in the WYB.
Laser Ignition of Potassium Picrate with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Additives
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Chen Jinjian , Shen Chen , Liu Yucun , Yuan Junming , Yu Yanwu
Published: February 2025

Experimental investigations of the diode-laser-induced ignition of potassium picrate (KP) with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) additive are presented in this article. KP/MWNT composites with varying contents were prepared directly by adding different quantities of MWNTs to a KP solution after the last synthesis step. Due to capillary action, the MWNTs homogeneously coated the surface of the KP, and some KP crystallized inside the MWNTs. The samples were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis, and laser ignition tests. At a constant laser power density, the doped KP showed a much shorter ignition delay time than the undoped KP (from 28.8 ms to 4.5 ms). Therefore, the higher the dopant MWNT ratio is, the shorter the ignition delay time is. Additionally, the more MWNTs are used to dope KP, the lower the required ignition power is.
Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antienzymatic Activities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Citrus x limonia
Authors: Valarezo Eduardo , Toledo-Ruiz Laura , Coque-Saetama Wolter , Caraguay-Martínez Alfredo , Jaramillo-Fierro Ximena , Cumbicus Nixon , Meneses Miguel Angel
Published: February 2025

Citrus x limonia is an aromatic species belonging to the Rutaceae family. In the present study, the chemical composition, enantiomeric distribution, and biological activity of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Citrus x limonia were determined. The essential oil was extracted through hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and a mass spectrometer detector (GC-MS) using a nonpolar column. The enantiomeric distribution was performed using two enantioselective chromatographic columns. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method. The antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and two fungi. The antioxidant activity was determined through ABTS and DPPH methods. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine anticholinesterase activity. In the essential oil, forty-three compounds were identified. These compounds represent 99.13% of the total composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the most representative group in number of compounds (fourteen) and in terms of relative abundance (65.67%). The main constituent is found to be limonene (25.37 ± 0.80%), β-pinene (23.29 ± 0.15%) and sabinene (8.35 ± 0.10%). Six pairs of enantiomers were identified in the essential oil from fruits of Citrus x limonia. The essential oil showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive cocci Enterococcus faecalis, and Gram-positive bacillus Lysteria monocytogenes with a MIC of 1000 μg/mL. The oil exhibited strong antifungal activity against fungi Aspergillus niger, and yeasts Candida albicans with a MIC of 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of essential oil was weak in ABTS method with a SC50 of 9.12 mg/mL. Additionally, the essential oil presented moderate anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 71.02 ± 1.02 µg/mL.
A Comprehensive Guide to Enzyme Immobilization: All You Need to Know
Authors: Robescu Marina Simona , Bavaro Teodora
Published: February 2025

Enzyme immobilization plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of biocatalysis, addressing key challenges such as limited enzyme stability, short shelf life, and difficulties in recovery and recycling, which are pivotal for green chemistry and industrial applications. Classical approaches, including adsorption, entrapment, encapsulation, and covalent bonding, as well as advanced site-specific methods that integrate enzyme engineering and bio-orthogonal chemistry, were discussed. These techniques enable precise control over enzyme orientation and interaction with carriers, optimizing catalytic activity and reusability. Key findings highlight the impact of immobilization on improving enzyme performance under various operational conditions and its role in reducing process costs through enhanced stability and recyclability. The review presents numerous practical applications of immobilized enzymes, including their use in the pharmaceutical industry for drug synthesis, in the food sector for dairy processing, and in environmental biotechnology for wastewater treatment and dye degradation. Despite the significant advantages, challenges such as activity loss due to conformational changes and mass transfer limitations remain, necessitating tailored immobilization protocols for specific applications. The integration of immobilization with modern biotechnological advancements, such as site-directed mutagenesis and recombinant DNA technology, offers a promising pathway for developing robust, efficient, and sustainable biocatalytic systems. This comprehensive guide aims to support researchers and industries in selecting and optimizing immobilization techniques for diverse applications in pharmaceuticals, food processing, and fine chemicals.
Novel Benzothiazole Boc-Phe-Phe-Bz Derivative Dipeptide Forming Fluorescent and Nonlinear Optical Self-Assembled Structures
Authors: Baptista Rosa M. F. , Santos Daniela , Cunha N. F. , Castro Maria Cidália R. , Rodrigues Pedro V. , Machado Ana V. , Belsley Michael S. , de Matos Gomes Etelvina
Published: February 2025

This work explores the self-assembly and optical properties of a novel chiral, aromatic-rich Boc-Phe-Phe dipeptide derivative functionalized with a benzothiazole bicyclic ring that forms supramolecular structures. Leveraging the well-known self-assembling capabilities of diphenylalanine dipeptides, this modified derivative introduces a heterocyclic benzothiazole unit that significantly enhances the fluorescence of the resulting nanostructures. The derivative’s rich aromatic character drives the formation of supramolecular structures through self-organization mechanisms influenced by quantum confinement. By adjusting the solvent system, the nanostructures exhibit tunable morphologies, ranging from nanospheres to nanobelts. The nonlinear optical properties of these self-assembled structures were studied and an estimated deff of ~0.9 pm/V was obtained, which is comparable to that reported for the highly aromatic triphenylalanine peptide.
Dynamic Environmental Interactions Shape the Volatile Compounds of Agarwood Oils Extracted from Aquilaria sinensis Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Wenxian , Qian Sizhu , Wu Dehuai , Yan Qiaoling , Chung Jen-Ping , Jiang Yongmei
Published: February 2025

Aquilaria spp. are a highly valuable plant species found in the Chinese herbal medicine and agarwood fragrance supplement industries for fumigation, combustion and perfume. The phytochemical composition of agarwood oils (extracts) was derived from Aquilaria sinensis and its subspecies ‘Qi-Nan’ using supercritical CO2 extraction technology. Gas chromatography connected with a mass spectrometry apparatus was employed for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Comparing the agarwood oils from six planting areas, 12 common components were obtained, among which sesquiterpenes and chromones had the highest relative content. Genetic and environmental factors had the greatest impact on the three chromones, especially on 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. According to the PCA and PLS-DA models, the ‘Qi-Nan’ was derived from a variety selected from the native A. sinensis, and the difference in the volatile components was able to indirectly prove that it was genetically heterogeneous with the native A. sinensis. Using the 73 components obtained from GC–MS analysis, the VIP values and S-plots were generated using the OPLS-DA model. Seven components with VIP values > 1.0 were selected from two groups of agarwood oils of the native A. sinensis and ‘Qi-Nan’ subspecies. In addition, by analyzing 12 common components, the differential components with VIP values > 1 were 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one and 2-(4-methoxyphenethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one. Chromones were the main component of agarwood oils extracted by supercritical CO2, and 2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one could be used as a volatile marker, especially in the ‘Qi-Nan’ subspecies, where this marker exhibited more prominent characteristics.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems for Detection and Differentiation of Unclassified Viruses of the Phenuiviridae Family
Authors: Dereventsova Alena V. , Klimentov Alexander S. , Kholodilov Ivan S. , Belova Oxana A. , Butenko Alexander M. , Karganova Galina G.
Published: February 2025

The family Phenuiviridae, part of the order Hareavirales, includes arboviruses and arthropod-associated viruses, with sandflies, mosquitoes, and ticks as primary vectors. Historically, only sandfly/mosquito-borne phenuiviruses were associated with human diseases, but the emergence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has highlighted the potential of tick-borne phenuiviruses as human pathogens. Recent discoveries of new arthropod-associated viruses, some of which remain unclassified, underscore the need for sensitive detection and differentiation methods, particularly in regions where these viruses may co-circulate. This study aimed to develop real-time PCR test systems for identifying and differentiating unclassified viruses within the Phenuiviridae family. In this study, tick suspensions containing phenuiviruses, previously obtained during the screening of ticks from various regions of Russia using pan-phenuivirus primers, were used. Specific primers and probes were designed to differentiate five Phenuiviridae viruses of genera Uukuvirus, Ixovirus, Phlebovirus and one unclassified phenuivirus, and their analytical sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. These PCR-based tools provide a robust method for detecting and classifying uncharacterized phenuiviruses, contributing to improved surveillance and understanding their potential epidemiological and epizootological impacts.
Advancements in Lignin Valorization for Energy Storage Applications: Sustainable Technologies for Lignin Extraction and Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Meng Haozheng , Olowoyo Joshua O. , Zeng Yimin , Zheng Ying
Published: February 2025

The conversion of industrial waste lignin into sustainable carbon materials is an essential step towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating environmental impacts. This review explores various aspects of lignin utilization, with particular focus on the extraction of lignin and the application of lignin-derived carbon materials in energy storge applications. The review explores advanced chemical methods to improve the efficiency of biomass conversion, detailing emerging technologies for lignin extraction from various biomasses using innovative solvents and techniques, such as Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs). Additionally, it discusses the parameters that impact the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. The produced hydrochar shows potential for use as optimized precursors for energy storage applications. This review also considers the implications of these technologies for environmental sustainability and the circular economy, suggesting future research directions to enhance and scale these processes for global impact. This comprehensive analysis highlights the critical role of advanced biomass conversion technologies in achieving sustainability and outlines pathways for future lignin-based carbon materials innovations.
Ethical Issues and Challenges Regarding the Use of Mental Health Questionnaires in Public Health Nutrition Research
Authors: Khaled Karim , Tsofliou Fotini , Hundley Vanora
Published: February 2025

Background: The use of mental health questionnaires is common in desk-based public health epidemiological research; however, the burden this might put on participants and researchers has been questioned and has not been previously addressed. This paper delves into the ethical issues and challenges of using such scales and questionnaires, providing a real-life case study where the Beck’s Depression Inventory-II was used. Methods/Results: The ethical considerations raised by using mental health questionnaires in public health epidemiological research include incorrectly identifying participants as depressed or non-depressed; inability to identify participants for referral procedures due to the anonymous nature of some research studies; an increased burden on participants through depression and suicidal questions; and the high expectation of participants towards the researcher. Preventative measures to reduce these challenges include choosing appropriate cut-off scores for correctly identifying participants; highlighting whether the mental health questionnaires used may elicit negative emotional or psychological reactions related to suicidality; specifying the criteria for referral to clinical services; detailing the intended referral processes; including approaches where the researcher directly connects participants with a psychological service provider; and including a passive referral method such as contact details for participants to initiate their own referrals to clinical care. Conclusions: This paper serves as a guide for researchers aiming to collect data on mental health through questionnaires. The ethical challenges discussed in this paper should be considered and reviewed at all stages of the research project.
Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Bariatric Surgery Candidates—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sobas Kamila , Suliga Edyta , Bryk Piotr , Gluszek Stanislaw
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Observing a patient’s dietary behaviour before bariatric surgery may help to predict their diet (and indirectly, the rate of weight loss) after the procedure. Consequently, the aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns (DPs) in bariatric surgery candidates, as well as to assess the relationship between DPs, degree of obesity, and body composition. Methods: The participants were comprised of 117 bariatric surgery candidates. Data concerning their diet, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status was collected using the KomPAN® questionnaire. The following three DPs were identified using a principal component analysis: ‘Sandwiches & Sweets’, ‘Fast Food, Convenience Food & Alcohol’ and ‘Prudent’. Baseline nutritional status and body composition using electric bioimpedance were assessed. Results: Differences were found between the DPs, degree of obesity, and body composition. The Prudent DP primarily involved a high consumption of healthy products. Following the Prudent DP, differentiated the degree of obesity and the patient’s body composition the most. In turn, the Fast Food, Convenience Food & Alcohol DP was associated with a higher likelihood of Degree III obesity and a very high visceral fat level (VFL). The Sandwiches & Sweets DP included the most participants with a very high VFL. Conclusions: The bariatric surgery candidates were shown to follow different diets, and different DPs could be identified. Patients with a higher degree of obesity followed a more beneficial DP, which was likely due to their higher awareness of the risks of morbidity in obesity and of post-surgical complications. Socioeconomic factors may attenuate the association between diet and the degree of obesity and body composition in bariatric surgery candidates.
Canine Adenoviruses in Wildlife: Role in At-Risk Species Conservation and Interface with Domestic Animals
Authors: Balboni Andrea , Magliocca Martina , Urbani Lorenza , Battilani Mara
Published: February 2025

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) and type 2 (CAdV-2) are well known pathogens of domestic dogs but are little investigated in wild animals. The few available studies about CAdV-1 in wild animals show that it circulates in various species and that transmission of the virus in the interface between wildlife and domestic animals is a frequent event. Furthermore, wild animals are usually subject to asymptomatic infections, but cases of serious and fatal diseases have been documented, with possible effects on the conservation of the species. In contrast, CAdV-2 infection was reported only recently and sporadically in some wild animals, with few data regarding its pathogenic role in these species. However, the real prevalence of these viruses in wildlife is still uncertain due to the use of serological tests that are largely unable to distinguish antibodies against CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. This review, reporting all the data currently available on CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 infection in wild animals, highlights the importance of these pathogens for wildlife conservation and their role in the potential transmission of the infection to domestic dogs.
The Linea Alba Width, Children’s Physical Activity, and Chosen Anthropometric Measurements: The Results of the Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kawalec-Rutkowska Agata Maria , Marczak Agata , Simka Marian
Published: February 2025

Objectives: This study was aimed at the assessment of the relationship between the presence of diastasis recti abdominis in children and the clinical variables potentially attributable to the wider linea alba. Methods: Fifty-one children, aged 8–12 years, were evaluated. The study protocol included ultrasonographic measurements of the linea alba width, anthropometric measurements, body composition assessment with the use of the Tanita Body Composition Analyzer, and the questionnaire assessing clinical history and the level of physical activity. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the interrectus distance, which was ≥20 mm, was significantly more often found in boys, in children with a higher body length at birth and a higher waist/hip ratio, and also in those with a history of congenital umbilical hernia. Other variables, such as the level of physical activity, body weight, parameters of the body composition measured with the body analyzer, presence of abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, constipation, urinary incontinence), or family history of musculoskeletal disease, were not associated with the presence of diastasis recti abdominis. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest a congenital background of diastasis recti abdominis in children, especially given its higher prevalence among boys and those children who presented with specific body parameters at birth.
Involvement of CB1R and CB2R Ligands in Sleep Disorders and Addictive Behaviors in the Last 25 Years
Authors: Pérez-Morales Marcel , Espinoza-Abad Rodolfo , García-García Fabio
Published: February 2025

Over the last three decades, the decriminalization and legalization of therapeutic and recreational marijuana consumption have increased. Consequently, the availability of marijuana-based products associated with its therapeutic use has increased. These developments have stimulated research on cannabinoids involving a wide range of animal models and clinical trials. Also, it is reported that cannabinoids promote sleep in animal models and naïve human participants, and they seem to improve insomnia and sleep apnea in patients. However, evidence from rigorous clinical trials is needed. In addition, among several physiological processes, cannabinoid receptors modulate dopamine synthesis and release. In this regard, the side effects of marijuana and marijuana derivatives must not be ignored. The chronic consumption of marijuana could reduce dopamine responsivity, increase negative emotionality, and induce anhedonia. Research on the neurobiological changes associated with cannabinoid ligands in animal models, in regard to the consumption of both marijuana and marijuana-based compounds, must improve and the effectiveness of the therapeutic outcomes in clinical trials must be guaranteed. In this review, we include a detailed description of the mechanisms of action of cannabinoids on the brain and their impact on sleep disorders and addictive behaviors to emphasize the need to understand the potential risks and benefits of their therapeutic and recreational use. Evidence from basic research and clinical trials from papers published between 2000 and 2024 are included. The pharmacodynamics of these compounds is discussed in terms of sleep–wake regulation, drug addiction, and addictive behaviors.
Exploring Manipulated Prescribed Medicines for Novel Leads in 3D Printed Personalized Dosage Forms
Authors: Pannekoek Wouter , van Kampen Eveline E. M. , van Tienen Frank , van der Kuy P. Hugo M. , Ruijgrok Elisabeth J.
Published: February 2025

Background: On-demand personalized drug production is currently not addressed with large-scale drug manufacturing. In our study, we focused primarily on identifying possible active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for 3D Printing (3DP) in the current healthcare setting. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in the Netherlands using three different sources; community pharmacies (n = 5), elderly care homes (n = 3), and the Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital. The primary endpoint was the percentage of prescriptions of medication manipulated before administration, thereby being a candidate for 3DP. Around a million prescriptions were analyzed in our study. Results: This study shows that around 3.0% of the prescribed drugs dispensed by Dutch community pharmacies were manipulated before administration, while around 10.5% of the prescribed drugs in the Erasmus MC Sophia Children’s Hospital were manipulated prior to administration. Conclusions: With our study, we show that the most manipulated drugs come from the groups of constipation, psychopharmaceutical, cardiovascular, and anti-infectant drugs. Successful introduction of a compounded API drug by 3DP does not only rely on the API, but it also comes with an optimal balance between technical, economic as well as societal impact factors. Our study gives direction for potential future research on the introduction of 3DP of medicine in the healthcare setting.
Research Progress and Applications of Single-Pixel Imaging Technology
Authors: Hu Jincai , An Qichang , Wang Wenjie , Li Tong , Ma Lin , Yi Shufei , Wang Liang
Published: February 2025

Single-pixel imaging is a computational optical imaging technique that uses a single-pixel detector to obtain scene information and reconstruct the image. Compared with traditional imaging techniques, single-pixel imaging has the advantages of high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range, etc., which make it have broad application prospects in special frequency band imaging and scattering media imaging. This paper mainly introduces the history of development and the characteristics of the single-pixel detector, focuses on the typical applications of single-pixel imaging in coded aperture, transverse scanning, and longitudinal scanning systems, and gives an account of the application of deep learning technology in single-pixel imaging. At the end of this paper, the development of single-pixel imaging is summarized and future trends forecasted.
Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Provides Insights into Ovule Abortion in Camellia oleifera
Authors: Zhu Yayan , Xu Jiajuan , Wang Gang , Xiao Feng , Zhang Minggang , Zeng Qinmeng , Xu Jie
Published: February 2025

Camellia oleifera is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China, and the ovule development affects the yield of seeds. This study selected three different types of C. oleifera clones and used LC-MS, RNA-seq, and other techniques to compare the endogenous hormone contents, gene expression levels, and metabolite changes between normal and aborted ovules. The results showed that high levels of ABA, JA, and SA may lead to the phenotype of ovule abortion. A total of 270 differential metabolites were identified in the metabolome, with L-methionine, citrulline, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and indolepyruvate being downregulated to varying degrees in the aborted ovules. Genes involved in plant hormone synthesis and response, such as GH3.1, IAA14, PIN1, AUX22, ARF1_2, BZR1_2, GA2ox, ERFC3, ABF2, and PYL8, responded to ovule development. This study elucidates the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional responses to ovule abortion, providing a theoretical basis for understanding ovule development and yield regulation in C. oleifera.
Sixteen New Complete Plastid Genomes in the Tribe Loteae (Leguminosae): Structure and Phylogenetic Analysis
Authors: Samigullin Tahir H. , Kopylov-Guskov Yury O. , Nikitina Olga V. , Krinitsina Anastasiya A. , Polevova Svetlana V. , Kramina Tatiana E.
Published: February 2025

The tribe Loteae (Papilioniodeae-Leguminosae), according to plastid data, belongs to the Robinioid clade, which also includes the tribes Robinieae and Sesbanieae. The tribe Loteae contains 16 genera and about two hundred seventy-five species, of which the plastid genomes of five species have been studied to date. The main objectives of our study were to obtain new information on the plastid genome structure of the Loteae representatives in order to assess plastid genome variability and reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the tribe Loteae. We performed sequencing, assembly, structural and phylogenetic analyses of the Loteae plastid genomes. All assembled Loteae plastomes showed a quadripartite structure with an overall length ranging from 150,069 to 152,206 bp and showed relative stability of inverted repeat borders. The Loteae plastomes demonstrated full collinearity; the most variable sites of the studied plastomes were found in petN-trnC and rps16-accD spacers from the LSC region and in the ycf1 gene within the SSC. All inferred relationships attained maximal support with the Hippocrepis lineage separated first, followed by Coronilla and Anthyllis; Lotus is a sister group to the clade Acmispon + Ornithopus. In this study, completely resolved relationships representing a backbone of plastid phylogeny were produced. The obtained results demonstrated that plastid genomes in the tribe Loteae are structurally conservative in contrast to the closely related tribes Robinieae and Sesbanieae.