bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Estimation of Sub-Canopy Topography Combined with Single-Baseline Single-Polarization TanDEM-X InSAR and ICESat-2 Data
Authors: Hu Huacan , Zhu Jianjun , Fu Haiqiang , Liu Zhiwei , Xie Yanzhou , Liu Kui
Published: March 2024

TanDEM-X bistatic interferometric system successfully generated a high-precision, high-resolution global digital elevation model (DEM). However, in forested areas, two core problems make it difficult to obtain sub-canopy topography: (1) the penetrability of short-wave signals is limited, and the DEM obtained in dense forest areas contains a significant forest signal, that is, the scattering phase center (SPC) height; and (2) the single-baseline and single-polarization TanDEM-X interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data cannot provide sufficient observations to make the existing physical model reversible for estimating the real surface phase, whereas the introduction of optical data makes it difficult to ensure data synchronization and availability of cloud-free data. To overcome these problems in accurately estimating sub-canopy topography from TanDEM-X InSAR data, this study proposes a practical method of sub-canopy topography estimation based on the following innovations: (1) An orthogonal polynomial model was established using TanDEM-X interferometric coherence and slope to estimate the SPC height. Interferometric coherence records forest height and dielectric property information from an InSAR perspective and has spatiotemporal consistency with the InSAR-derived DEM. (2) Introduce Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data to provide more observational information and automatically screen ICESat-2 control points with similar forest and slope conditions in the local area to suppress forest spatial heterogeneity. (3) A weighted least squares criterion was used to solve this model to estimate the SPC height. The results were validated at four test sites using high-precision airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data as a reference. Compared to the InSAR-derived DEM, the accuracy of the sub-canopy topography was improved by nearly 60%, on average. Furthermore, we investigated the necessity of local modeling, confirming the potential of the proposed method for estimating sub-canopy topography by relying only on TanDEM-X and ICESat-2 data.
Changes in the Arctic Traffic Occupancy and Their Connection to Sea Ice Conditions from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Liu Yihan , Luo Hao , Min Chao , Chen Qiong , Yang Qinghua
Published: March 2024

Arctic shipping activities are increasing in the context of sea ice decline. However, research gaps persist in studying recent Arctic shipping activities across various vessel types and their connection with sea ice conditions. Utilizing Automatic Identification System (AIS) data and sea ice satellite observations between 2015 and 2020, these matters are delved into this study. A discernible overall growth trend in Arctic traffic occupancy occurs from 2015 to 2020 during summer and autumn. Excluding passenger ships, the traffic occupancy trend for each ship type closely parallels that for all ships. Variations in traffic occupancy along the Northeast Passage dominate that in the entire Arctic. As sea ice diminishes, both Arctic traffic occupancy and its variability noticeably increase. Further examination of the relationship between shipping activities and ice conditions reveals that increased traffic occupancy corresponds significantly to diminishing sea ice extent, and the constraint imposed by sea ice on Arctic traffic occupancy weakens, while the 6-year AIS data could lead to uncertainties. In summary, as the Arctic sea ice declines continuously, not only sea ice but also additional social, military, and environmental factors constraining marine activities should be considered in the future operation of Arctic shipping.
Fast Fabrication Nanopores on a PMMA Membrane by a Local High Electric Field Controlled Breakdown
Authors: Fang Shaoxi , Zeng Delin , He Shixuan , Li Yadong , Pang Zichen , Wang Yunjiao , Liang Liyuan , Weng Ting , Xie Wanyi , Wang Deqiang
Published: March 2024

The sensitivity and accuracy of nanopore sensors are severely hindered by the high noise associated with solid-state nanopores. To mitigate this issue, the deposition of organic polymer materials onto silicon nitride (SiNx) membranes has been effective in obtaining low-noise measurements. Nonetheless, the fabrication of nanopores sub-10 nm on thin polymer membranes remains a significant challenge. This work proposes a method for fabricating nanopores on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) membrane by the local high electrical field controlled breakdown, exploring the impact of voltage and current on the breakdown of PMMA membranes and discussing the mechanism underlying the breakdown voltage and current during the formation of nanopores. By improving the electric field application method, transient high electric fields that are one–seven times higher than the breakdown electric field can be utilized to fabricate nanopores. A comparative analysis was performed on the current noise levels of nanopores in PMMA-SiNx composite membranes and SiNx nanopores with a 5 nm diameter. The results demonstrated that the fast fabrication of nanopores on PMMA-SiNx membranes exhibited reduced current noise compared to SiNx nanopores. This finding provides evidence supporting the feasibility of utilizing this technology for efficiently fabricating low-noise nanopores on polymer composite membranes.
A Fast and Accurate Lane Detection Method Based on Row Anchor and Transformer Structure
Authors: Chai Yuxuan , Wang Shixian , Zhang Zhijia
Published: March 2024

Lane detection plays a pivotal role in the successful implementation of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADASs), which are essential for detecting the road’s lane markings and determining the vehicle’s position, thereby influencing subsequent decision making. However, current deep learning-based lane detection methods encounter challenges. Firstly, the on-board hardware limitations necessitate an exceptionally fast prediction speed for the lane detection method. Secondly, improvements are required for effective lane detection in complex scenarios. This paper addresses these issues by enhancing the row-anchor-based lane detection method. The Transformer encoder–decoder structure is leveraged as the row classification enhances the model’s capability to extract global features and detect lane lines in intricate environments. The Feature-aligned Pyramid Network (FaPN) structure serves as an auxiliary branch, complemented by a novel structural loss with expectation loss, further refining the method’s accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate our method’s commendable accuracy and real-time performance, achieving a rapid prediction speed of 129 FPS (the single prediction time of the model on RTX3080 is 15.72 ms) and a 96.16% accuracy on the Tusimple dataset—a 3.32% improvement compared to the baseline method.
Quantitative Analysis of Mother Wavelet Function Selection for Wearable Sensors-Based Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Nematallah Heba , Rajan Sreeraman
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in the Internet of Things (IoT) wearable devices such as wearable inertial sensors have increased the demand for precise human activity recognition (HAR) with minimal computational resources. The wavelet transform, which offers excellent time-frequency localization characteristics, is well suited for HAR recognition systems. Selecting a mother wavelet function in wavelet analysis is critical, as optimal selection improves the recognition performance. The activity time signals data have different periodic patterns that can discriminate activities from each other. Therefore, selecting a mother wavelet function that closely resembles the shape of the recognized activity’s sensor (inertial) signals significantly impacts recognition performance. This study uses an optimal mother wavelet selection method that combines wavelet packet transform with the energy-to-Shannon-entropy ratio and two classification algorithms: decision tree (DT) and support vector machines (SVM). We examined six different mother wavelet families with different numbers of vanishing points. Our experiments were performed on eight publicly available ADL datasets: MHEALTH, WISDM Activity Prediction, HARTH, HARsense, DaLiAc, PAMAP2, REALDISP, and HAR70+. The analysis demonstrated in this paper can be used as a guideline for optimal mother wavelet selection for human activity recognition.
Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Technologies of Occupancy Detection for Smart Buildings Using IoT Sensors
Authors: Chaudhari Pratiksha , Xiao Yang , Cheng Mark Ming-Cheng , Li Tieshan
Published: March 2024

Smart buildings use advanced technologies to automate building functions. One important function is occupancy detection using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for smart buildings. Occupancy information is useful information to reduce energy consumption by automating building functions such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. The information is useful to improve indoor air quality by ensuring that ventilation systems are used only when and where they are needed. Additionally, it is useful to enhance building security by detecting unusual or unexpected occupancy levels and triggering appropriate responses, such as alarms or alerts. Occupancy information is useful for many other applications, such as emergency response, plug load energy management, point-of-interest identification, etc. However, the accuracy of occupancy detection is limited by factors such as real-time occupancy data, sensor placement, privacy concerns, and the presence of pets or objects that can interfere with sensor reading. With the rapid development of IoT sensor technologies and the increasing need for smart building solutions, there is a growing interest in occupancy detection techniques. There is a need to provide a comprehensive survey of these technologies. Although there are some exciting survey papers, they all have limited scopes with different focuses. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art occupancy detection methods (including both traditional algorithms and machine learning algorithms) and devices with their advantages and limitations. It surveys and compares fundamental technologies (such as sensors, algorithms, etc.) for smart buildings. Furthermore, the survey provides insights and discussions, which can help researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders develop more effective occupancy detection solutions for smart buildings.
Efficient Sequential Detection of Two Antibiotics Using a Fiber-Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor
Authors: Zhao Ze , Yin Huiting , Xiao Jingzhe , Cui Mei , Huang Renliang , Su Rongxin
Published: March 2024

Antibiotic residues have become a worldwide public safety issue. It is vital to detect multiple antibiotics simultaneously using sensors. A new and efficient method is proposed for the combined detection of two antibiotics (enrofloxacin (Enro) and ciprofloxacin (Cip)) in milk using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. Based on the principle of immunosuppression, two antibiotic antigens (for Enro and Cip) were immobilized on an optical fiber surface with conjugates of bovine serum albumin using dopamine (DA) polymerization. Each single antigen was bound to its corresponding antibody to derive standard curves for Enro and Cip. The fiber-optic sensor’s sensitivity was 2900 nm/RIU. Detection limits were calculated to be 1.20 ng/mL for Enro and 0.81 ng/mL for Cip. The actual system’s recovery rate was obtained by testing Enro and Cip in milk samples; enrofloxacin’s and ciprofloxacin’s mean recoveries from the milk samples were 96.46–120.46% and 96.74–126.9%, respectively. In addition, several different regeneration solutions were tested to analyze the two target analytes’ regeneration ability; NaOH and Gly-HCl solutions were found to have the best regeneration ability.
Pressure-Insensitive Epidermal Thickness of Fingertip Skin for Optical Image Encryption
Authors: Li Wangbiao , Zhang Bo , Zhang Xiaoman , Liu Bin , Li Hui , Wu Shulian , Li Zhifang
Published: March 2024

In this study, an internal fingerprint-guided epidermal thickness of fingertip skin is proposed for optical image encryption based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with U-Net architecture of a convolutional neural network (CNN). The epidermal thickness of fingertip skin is calculated by the distance between the upper and lower boundaries of the epidermal layer in cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, which is segmented using CNN, and the internal fingerprint at the epidermis–dermis junction (DEJ) is extracted based on the maximum intensity projection (MIP) algorithm. The experimental results indicate that the internal fingerprint-guided epidermal thickness is insensitive to pressure due to normal correlation coefficients and the encryption process between epidermal thickness maps of fingertip skin under different pressures. In addition, the result of the numerical simulation demonstrates the feasibility and security of the encryption scheme by structural similarity index matrix (SSIM) analysis between the original image and the recovered image with the correct and error keys decryption, respectively. The robustness is analyzed based on the SSIM value in three aspects: different pressures, noise attacks, and data loss. Key randomness is valid by the gray histograms, and the average correlation coefficients of adjacent pixelated values in three directions and the average entropy were calculated. This study suggests that the epidermal thickness of fingertip skin could be seen as important biometric information for information encryption.
Multifunctional Models in Digital and Physical Twinning of the Built Environment—A University Campus Case Study
Authors: Chen Genda , Alomari Ibrahim , Taffese Woubishet Zewdu , Shi Zhenhua , Afsharmovahed Mohammad Hossein , Mondal Tarutal Ghosh , Nguyen Son
Published: March 2024

The digital twin (DT) concept has been developed for a single function in previous studies. This study aims to empower DTs with a layered integration of multifunctional models in the built environment. It develops a framework of DT modules in three hierarchical tiers: region, asset, and system; defines a new concept of the degree of digital twinning (DODT) to the real world by the number of models enabled by a common DT platform; and enables spatiotemporal analysis in multiple scales to couple nonstructural with structural building components and connect the built environment to planning constructions. While the asset and system DTs focus on the lifecycle management of buildings and infrastructure systems, the region DT addresses diverse modeling approaches for a comprehensive management of the built environment as demonstrated on a university campus. The DODT allows the value-driven digital replication of a physical twin at different levels. For the campus case study, the DODT is eight, for building and infrastructure planning, condition assessment of building envelopes, construction management for efficiency and quality, damage/cost scenario studies under earthquake events, energy harvesting efficiency, environmental planning for flood zone susceptibility, master planning for green space development, and security protocol development.
The Role of Sustainability Statements in Investor Relations: An Analysis of the Annual Reports of Airline Companies
Authors: Taşoğlu Nihal Paşalı , Akbulut Deniz , Acer Aynur
Published: March 2024

Investors are one of the primary target audiences for corporate communication; they seek non-financial as well as financial information from the companies they invest in, and they consider the social and environmental sustainability of these companies in addition to their economic sustainability. Because of this, as a tool for investor relations, annual reports now routinely and regularly incorporate non-financial information. This study examined thirty annual reports from six public airline firms issued between 2018 and 2022. A total of 8115 expressions on social, economic, and environmental sustainability issues—divided into 125 themes—were coded and analyzed in Maxqda 2020. Among the conclusions was the fact that, in 2022, all of the examined companies devoted 9% of their pages to sustainability statements and included them as an individual topic in their reports. It was found that 64% of both the sustainability-related pages of the reports and the messages of the company managers included in the report consisted of social sustainability statements, with the theme of governance playing an important role in these explanations. Additionally, it was revealed that the topics of governance issues (22.6%), the natural environment (21.7%), and human resources development (15.5%) are the most frequently discussed social, environmental, and economic sustainability themes in corporate annual reports.
Resource Intensity Analysis of Producing 21 Types of Plastic in Terms of Mining Activity
Authors: Umesaki Taisuke , Kosai Shoki , Kashiwakura Shunsuke , Yamasue Eiji
Published: March 2024

Material flow analysis of plastics has attracted considerable attention for achieving sustainable production and consumption. However, the direct weights of each plastic have been analyzed alone, not considering the amount of natural resources as inputs for plastic production. Therefore, we analyzed the cradle-to-gate resource intensity of 21 types of plastics in terms of mining activity, using the total material requirement under the life cycle concept. It was found that the resource use for plastic production differs by up to approximately 10 times depending on the plastic type. By applying these findings to the material flow analysis of some countries and regions, we found that the quantity of natural resources was more than 20 times the original weight attributed to plastic production. By comparing resource use with greenhouse gas emissions, plastics with higher greenhouse gas emissions were found to have higher resource use, indicating a positive correlation, whereas the opposite trend was also found for some plastics. Considering plastic alternatives, we found that the quantity of natural resources in plastic-based shopping bags is nearly equivalent to that in paper-based bags, whereas that in plastic-based straws is greater than that in paper-based bags. Focusing only on the direct weight of plastic may mislead the decision-making process.
Optimal Sustainable Manufacturing for Product Family Architecture in Intelligent Manufacturing: A Hierarchical Joint Optimization Approach
Authors: Ma Yujie , Chen Xueer , Ma Shuang
Published: March 2024

As consumers and governments prioritize cost-effectiveness and ecological sustainability, the limitations of traditional manufacturing paradigms become apparent in the context of constrained resources. The adverse effects of these paradigms on the environment and society hinder the achievement of a sustainable product life cycle. Intelligent manufacturing processes offer a solution by efficiently gathering meaningful data, such as usage and product recycling information, from previous product generations to enhance product design and subsequent sustainable manufacturing processes (SMPs). Modular product family architecture (PFA) design holds promise in promoting product sustainability and addressing diverse consumer needs. PFA design and SMPs are inherently interconnected within intelligent manufacturing frameworks. This paper aims to integrate the decision-making processes underlying PFA with SMPs. We model integrated PFA and SMP decisions as a Stackelberg game, which involves hierarchical joint optimization (HJO) for assessing product modularity and sustainable manufacturing fulfillment. We develop a bilevel 0–1 integer nonlinear programming model to represent the HJO decision-making process and propose a nested genetic algorithm (NGA) to solve the HJO problem. A case study with a laptop is conducted to validate the feasibility and potential of the proposed HJO model for joint optimization problems in PFA design and SMPs.
From Nano Zero-Valent Iron to Nanocomposite Materials for Sustainable Water Treatment
Authors: Toli Aikaterini , Mystrioti Christiana , Papassiopi Nymphodora
Published: March 2024

Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is a well-known and effective remediation agent for various water contaminants. However, the challenges associated with its application, such as agglomeration and difficulty in recovery, have limited its effectiveness in large-scale treatment processes. In recent years, the development of nZVI nanocomposites has shown promise in addressing these challenges, as they offer improved stability, reactivity, and recoverability. This paper reviews the latest advancements in nZVI nanocomposites for water treatment and discusses their potential for the sustainable remediation of various contaminants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and emerging contaminants. The potential applications, limitations, and future prospects of nZVI nanocomposites in water treatment are discussed in detail. Overall, the findings suggest that nZVI nanocomposites have significant potential for sustainable water treatment and can contribute to the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly water treatment solutions.
Are Natural Resource Rents and Renewable Energy Consumption Solutions for Environmental Degradation? Fresh Insights from a Modified Ecological Footprint Model
Authors: Hacıimamoğlu Tunahan , Cengiz Vedat
Published: March 2024

A comprehensive approach addressing the key factors exacerbating pressure on the environment is required to minimize the damages caused by global warming and environmental destruction. For this purpose, the present study investigates the effects of renewable energy consumption (REC) and natural resource rents (NRRs) on environmental degradation within the scope of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for ASEAN-5 countries. Differing from most previous studies, this research represents environmental degradation by using the ecological footprint pressure index, which considers both the supply and demand aspects of the environment. The present study covers the period between 1990 and 2018. This study employs the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), an advanced panel technique that yields reliable results on the outlier issue, endogeneity, and non-normal distribution. The MMQR results confirm the EKC hypothesis, assuming the presence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. Moreover, the results reveal that REC and NRRs reduce environmental degradation in all quantiles. Given these results, policymakers in the ASEAN-5 countries are recommended to utilize productivity gains from natural resource rents for investment in clean energy and to shift their energy consumption policies towards renewable energy technologies and research.
The Application of Rice Straw with Reduced N Fertilizer Improves the Rice Yield While Decreasing Environmental N Losses in Southern China
Authors: Liu Han , Ma Tingting , Wan Li , Zhou Guopeng , Zhu Anfan , Chen Xiaofen , Liu Jia
Published: March 2024

To investigate the effects of straw residues with reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) and N losses in paddy fields, we conducted a field experiment during two growing seasons in paddy rice systems in southern China to evaluate the impacts of the application of straw residues with reduced N fertilizer on rice yield, GHG emissions, and ammonia (NH3) volatilization. The four treatments included N100 (conventional dose of N fertilizer), SN100 (conventional dose of N fertilizer + straw), N60 (60% of the conventional dose of N fertilizer), and SN60 (60% of the conventional dose of N fertilizer + straw). We found that the yield of the SN60 treatment was slightly reduced, but the partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) was significantly increased by 63.9% compared to the N100 treatment. At the same N application rate, the application of straw increased soil organic C (SOC), methane (CH4) emissions, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB), but significantly decreased soil N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization. Compared with conventional fertilization (N100), straw residues with reduced N fertilization (SN60) reduced N2O emissions and NH3 volatilization by 42.1% and 23.9%, and increased GHGI and NECB by 11.1% and 18.3%, respectively. The results indicate that straw residues with reduced N fertilizer are a feasible strategy to reduce N losses in paddy fields while increasing carbon sequestration.
Unraveling Green Marketing and Greenwashing: A Systematic Review in the Context of the Fashion and Textiles Industry
Authors: Badhwar Aayushi , Islam Saniyat , Tan Caroline Swee Lin , Panwar Tarun , Wigley Stephen , Nayak Rajkishore
Published: March 2024

Greenwashing is a prevalent issue in the fashion and textile industry, a sector known as one of the largest industrial polluters worldwide. The multi-trillion-dollar industry’s trend-driven, low-cost production models and the availability of numerous distribution options have led to mass consumption, significantly impacting consumer behavior. The aim of this review is to document and analyze the direct and indirect practices of greenwashing in the fashion industry and its impact on consumers. It also seeks to highlight the existence of greenwashing in the industry’s supply and consumption chain. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was employed to examine the complex implications of greenwashing within the fashion industry. Relevant studies from the past decade were identified through comprehensive searches on Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. This review found that some companies resort to greenwashing by promoting a green image without making substantial environmental or social changes. It also revealed varied interpretations and misinterpretations of green-related terms by consumers. The findings underscore the need for transparency and honesty in the fashion industry’s green marketing strategies. They also highlight the importance of consumer education to prevent misinterpretation of green-related terms and to promote sustainable consumption practices.
More Rational, More Attractive: Industrial Structure Rationalization and Migrant Workers’ Employment Choices in China
Authors: Wang Xinya , Chen Yizhao
Published: March 2024

Industrial structure rationalization could affect not only the employment structure but also the micro-employment choices of the labor force. Using the national individual-level survey data, we examine how regional industrial structure rationalization influences the employment status and location choices of migrant workers respectively using a probit model. The results show that industrial structure rationalization can significantly increase the probability that migrant workers choose regular and cross-provincial employment and reduce the probability of intra-provincial labor mobility, self-employment, and temporary employment. Higher employee welfare and income are the main mechanisms underlying the effect on migrant workers’ employment choices. Furthermore, the effects of industrial structure rationalization on the employment status and location choices of migrant workers differ according to gender, family size, and industry. These findings deepen the understanding of the relationship between industrial structure rationalization and labor migration and offer references for governments to promote regional sustainable development.
Is Biomethane Production from Common Reed Biomass Influenced by the Hydraulic Parameters of Treatment Wetlands?
Authors: Sciuto Liviana , Licciardello Feliciana , Barbera Antonio Carlo , Scavera Vincenzo , Musumeci Salvatore , Severino Massimiliano , Cirelli Giuseppe Luigi
Published: March 2024

Treatment wetlands (TWs) are Nature-Based Solutions which have been increasingly used worldwide for wastewater (WW) treatment as they are able to remove mineral and organic pollutants through both physical and biochemical processes. Besides the reusable effluent, the TWs produce, as their main output, plant biomass that needs to be harvested and disposed of at least once a year with significant management costs and causing the TW to be temporarily out of service. This study aims (i) to evaluate the potential of TWs’ biomass for local energy production and (ii) to understand the effects of TWs’ hydraulic conductivity (Ks) on the biomass biomethane yield. Specifically, this was addressed by determining the Biochemical Methane Potential of common reed (CR) (Phragmites australis) samples collected at three harvest times from the 10-year-old horizontal subsurface treatment wetland (HSTW) used as a secondary WW treatment system for the IKEA® store situated in Catania (Eastern Sicily, Italy). Furthermore, the falling-head test was conducted to assess the hydraulic conductivity (Ks) variation in the hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of the HSTW, in order to understand its influence on the CR biomethane production. The average methane content values were 130.57 Nm3CH4/tVS (±24.29), 212.70 Nm3CH4/tVS (±50.62) and 72.83 Nm3CH4/tVS (±23.19) in August, September, October 2022, respectively. Ks was correlated with both dry matter (R2 = 0.58) and fiber content (R2 = 0.74) and, consequently, affected the biomethane yield, which increased as the Ks increased (R2 = 0.30 in August; R2 = 0.57 in September). In the framework of a circular economy, the results showed the successful possibility of integrating bioenergy production into TWs. The research could contribute (i) to encouraging plant operators to reuse biomass from TWs for local energy production and (ii) to help plant operators to understand Ks effects on the biomass biomethane yield in order to increase the sustainability of the system and to reduce the maintenance costs.
The Carbon Emission Reduction Effect and Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity of the Science and Technology Finance Network: The Combined Perspective of Complex Network Analysis and Econometric Models
Authors: Liang Juan , Ding Rui , Ma Xinsong , Peng Lina , Wang Kexin , Xiao Wenqian
Published: March 2024

With the active promotion of the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals, science and technology finance (STF) is the important driving force of low-carbon development, and financial networks facilitate the aggregation and transformation of resources in space, so it is of great theoretical and practical significance to investigate the impact of science and technology finance networks (STFN) on carbon emissions (CE). Based on the 30 provinces of China from 2011 to 2019, this article used the STF development level in each province as the main indicator to construct the STFN. The complex network analysis and econometric models are combined, with the weighted degree values and betweenness centrality selected as typical network structure indicators incorporating into the econometric model to explore their impact on CE. Then, the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model is applied to analyse the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of influencing factors. The results show the following: (1) From 2011 to 2019, the spatial structure of China’s STFN has changed significantly, and the status of the triangle structure consisting of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH)–Yangtze River Delta (YRD)–Pearl River Delta (PRD) is gradually consolidated in the overall network, and the network structure tends to be stable. (2) The results of the benchmark regression show that the weighted degree value of the STFN has a significant inhibitory effect on CE, while betweenness centrality shows a certain positive effect on CE. (3) The weighted degree value has a more significant effect on CE reduction in the eastern region, while the betweenness centrality has a more significant effect on CE reduction in the central and western regions, but shows a significant promotion effect in the eastern region. (4) There is spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the effects of residents’ affluence, energy consumption, industrial structure, and environmental pollution on CE.
Cities’ Hands Are Tied: Short-Term Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Natural Population Growth in Metropolitan Greece
Authors: Muolo Alessandro , Zagaglia Barbara , Marucci Alvaro , Escrivà Saneugenio Francisco , Sateriano Adele , Salvati Luca
Published: March 2024

To delineate new directions of urban development in a context of demographic shrinkage in Southern Europe, the present study illustrates a comparative analysis of the demographic balance in metropolitan Athens, Greece (1956–2021). The analysis delineates short-term and long-term dynamics of the natural population balance, considering the impact of the Great Recession and COVID-19 pandemic, and assuming a contemporary increase in gross mortality rates and a marked fertility reduction associated with birth postponement. To address such objectives, we have compared the natural growth of population (the ratio of the total number of births to deaths) at ten year intervals (1956, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2009, 2019, 2020, 2021) in 115 municipalities of metropolitan Athens, controlling for the local context. The empirical results of descriptive statistics, spatial analysis, correlation statistics, non-parametric inference, and exploratory multivariate techniques outline the indirect impact of COVID-19 on population dynamics, being in some ways additive to the already observed effects of the Great Recession, reinforcing demographic shrinkage in specific local contexts. The COVID-19 pandemic and the Great Crisis likely accelerated the typical outcomes (population aging and low fertility) of the second demographic transition in Greece. These dynamics are associated with more volatile (and possibly reduced) immigration flows and with enhanced emigration, fueling urban shrinkage and a progressive economic decline of metropolitan regions, as our evidence suggests for Athens. Additional research should ascertain the aggregate, indirect role of pandemics in population dynamics as a proxy of urban and regional decline in European regions exposed to long-term aging.
Geographical Expansion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B: First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in US Poultry
Authors: Luqman Muhammad , Duhan Naveen , Temeeyasen Gun , Selim Mohamed , Jangra Sumit , Mor Sunil Kumar
Published: March 2024

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), classified within the Pneumoviridae family, wreaks havoc on poultry health. It typically causes upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract infections, mainly in turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Four subtypes of AMPV (A, B, C, D) and two unclassified subtypes have been identified, of which subtypes A and B are widely distributed across the world. In January 2024, an outbreak of severe respiratory disease occurred on turkey and chicken farms across different states in the US. Metagenomics sequencing of selected tissue and swab samples confirmed the presence of aMPV subtype B. Subsequently, all samples were screened using an aMPV subtype A and B multiplex real-time RT-PCR kit. Of the 221 farms, 124 (56%) were found to be positive for aMPV-B. All samples were negative for subtype A. Six whole genomes were assembled, five from turkeys and one from chickens; all six assembled genomes showed 99.29 to 99.98% nucleotide identity, indicating a clonal expansion event for aMPV-B within the country. In addition, all six sequences showed 97.74 to 98.58% nucleotide identity with previously reported subtype B sequences, e.g., VCO3/60616, Hungary/657/4, and BR/1890/E1/19. In comparison to these two reference strains, the study sequences showed unique 49–62 amino acid changes across the genome, with maximum changes in glycoprotein (G). One unique AA change from T (Threonine) to I (Isoleucine) at position 153 in G protein was reported only in the chicken aMPV sequence, which differentiated it from turkey sequences. The twelve unique AA changes along with change in polarity of the G protein may indicate that these unique changes played a role in the adaptation of this virus in the US poultry. This is the first documented report of aMPV subtype B in US poultry, highlighting the need for further investigations into its genotypic characterization, pathogenesis, and evolutionary dynamics.
Correction: Isa et al. HSV-1 ICP22 Is a Selective Viral Repressor of Cellular RNA Polymerase II-Mediated Transcription Elongation. Vaccines 2021, 9, 1054
Authors: Isa Nur Firdaus , Bensaude Olivier , Aziz Nadiah C. , Murphy Shona
Published: March 2024

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]
Intranodal Injection of Immune Activator Demonstrates Antitumor Efficacy in an Adjuvant Approach
Authors: Josi Romano , Ogrina Anete , Rothen Dominik , Balke Ina , Casaramona Arnau Solé , de Brot Simone , Mohsen Mona O.
Published: March 2024

The tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLN) are the initial site of metastases and are the prime site for generating robust antitumor responses. In this study, we explored the efficacy of a universal immune activator (ImmAct) targeted to the tdLN. This approach can be viewed as an attempt to turn a cold, unresponsive tdLN into a hot, responsive site. The adjuvant antitumor efficacy of our novel intranodal injection was evaluated in an aggressive metastatic mammary carcinoma murine model. The cancer cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the lower quadrant of the mouse to provoke the tdLN (inguinal lymph node). The study encompasses a range of methodologies, including in vivo and in vitro assays and high-dimensional flow cytometry analysis. Our findings demonstrated that intranodal administration of ImmAct following the dissection of the primary tumor led to improved tumor-free survival and minimized weight loss. ImmAct led to both local and systemic alterations in the cellular and humoral immunity. Additionally, after ImmAct treatment, non-responders showed a higher rate of exhausted CD8+ T cells compared to responders. Indeed, our innovative approach surpassed the gold standard surgery of sentinel lymph node excision. Overall, intranodal administration of ImmAct yielded a robust antitumor immune response, offering protection against micrometastases and relapse.
Comprehensive analysis of the elemental composition and surface relief of titanium abutments from contemporary manufactures
Authors: Sadikov R. A. , Plotkina Yu. V. , Chernovol E. М. , Rubezov A. L. , Mikhailova E. S. , Sadikov А. R.
Published: March 2024

Relevance. The transgingival part of the prosthetic components of implant systems is a substrate for the primary adaptation of soft tissues and the formation of the gingiva collar a complex of tissues acting as a biological barrier and ensuring the normal functioning of artificial supports in the microenvironment of the oral cavity. At the same time, the morphology of the surface of the abutment which will be in constant contact with the gingiva part during the loading period is of great importance. A change in the properties of the surface morphology of the transgingival part of orthopedic structures is fraught with the formation of a microbial bio-film in the subgingival zone with the with the subsequent development of mucositis and peri-implantitis. Based on the above, the study of the surface characteris tics of orthopedic components of implantation systems seems relevant in the light of understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes and assessing risk factors for the development of complications of dental implantation.

Purpose. Study of differences in the elemental composition and features (or characteristics) of the surface morphology of orthopedic components transgingival implant abutments from a number of modern manufacturers.

Materials and methods. Prosthetic components from five manufacturing companies were selected for the study. For the assessment, elemental analysis of the surface of the components was used using a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope with an Oxford Instruments X-Max20 energy dispersive spectrometer, as well as morphological analysis using a TESCAN VEGA 3 scanning electron microscope. The samples were assessed for surface uniformity, the presence of inclusions, cracks and marks.

Results. The study revealed significant differences in the components both in elemental composition and surface topography. The results obtained can be summarized in the form of a table.

Conclusion. The method of comprehensive surface assessment used in the study can be recommended for describing and comparing orthopedic components from different manufacturing companies.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ENERGI DAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DENGAN STATUS GIZI SANTRI PUTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN SALAFIYAH AL-JAWAHIR
Authors: Nurlabibah Najia , Hapsari Agustina Indri , Rosmana Dadang , Hastuti Widi
Published: March 2024

Gizi kurang ataupun gizi lebih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dijumpai di usia remaja. Di pondok pesantren asupan kurang diperhatikan karena banyaknya jumlah santri. Asupan zat gizi dapat mempengaruhi status gizi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi dan zat gizi makro (karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein) dengan status gizi santri putri di Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Jawahir. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Pengambilan data asupan makanan menggunakan metode SQ-FFQ. Penentuan status gizi diperoleh dari parameter IMT/U. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 54 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan energi dengan status gizi (p=0,140), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan protein dengan status gizi (p=0,120), tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan lemak dengan status gizi (p=0,087), dan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan karbohidrat dengan status gizi (p=0,303). Disarankan kepada santri Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Al-Jawahir agar lebih memperhatikan zat gizi dan menambah porsi makan karena pada masa remaja merupakan masa pertumbuhan.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Kesiapsiagaan Gempa Bumi pada Siswa Kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Nurhaliza Siti , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Susanti Susi , Syagitta Mutiara
Published: March 2024

Jawa Barat menempati urutan kedua dengan provinsi yang mengalami gempa bumi sebanyak 4 (empat) kejadian. Dampak yang diakibatkan oleh bencana sebanyak 6 (enam) fasilitas pendidikan mengalami kerusakan. SMPN 1 Cisarua merupakan daerah yang termasuk ke dalam daerah rawan bencana tinggi karena berada di wilayah perbukitan dan berada tepat dilewati oleh Sesar Lembang. Sehingga pengetahuan kesiapsiagaan sangat penting diberikan pada siswa untuk mengurangi dampak bencana. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi pada siswa kelas VII di SMPN 1 Cisarua Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Peneliti menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportional random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang didapatkan adalah 187 siswa. Hasil penelitian didapatkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi dengan p-value 0.000< 0.05 sehingga terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kesiapsiagaan bencana gempa bumi pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 1 Cisarua Kabupaten Bandung Barat dengan nilai koefisiensi korelasi 0.314 menunjukkan keeratan hubungan sedang dan arah hubungan positif. Semakin baik pengetahuan siswa maka semakin siap dalam menghadapi gempa bumi. Disarakan bagi sekolah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan simulasi kebencanaan kepada siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesiapsiagaan dalam menghadapi gempa bumi.
ASUHAN KEBIDANAN ANTENATAL DENGAN LETAK SUNGSANG
Authors: Tauhid Latifa , Purnamasari Gilang
Published: March 2024

Kehamilan merupakan suatu keadaan fisiologis, akan tetapi pentingnya diagnosis kehamilan tidak dapat diabaikan. Kehamilan sungsang sering terjadi pada bayi preterm dan sebagian besar janin dapat melakukan versi spontan ke presentasi kepala setelah usia kehamilan 34 minggu. Masalahnya, sekitar 3-4% janin aterm tetap pada presentasi bokong. Komposisi kelainan letak dapat mempersulit kelahiran janin, kalau tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Tujuan penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini untuk melakukan Asuhan Kebidanan Antenatal dengan Letak Sungsang.
Metode yang digunakan adalah laporan kasus, dengan pendekatan manajemen kebidanan dan menggunakan metode pendokumentasian dalam bentuk SOAP (Subjektif, Objektif, Analisa, Penatalaksanaan). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik, studi dokumentasi, dan studi literatur.
Hasil pengkajian data subjektif dari hasil anamnesa diperoleh bahwa ibu sering merasakan gerakan janin di perut bagian bawah, dan pemeriksaan Leopold bagian terbawah janin teraba bagian bulat, lunak dan tidak melenting yaitu presentasi bokong. Pemeriksaan auskultasi didapatkan bahwa punctum maximum DJJ terdengar di sebelah kiri atas umbilikus. Penatalaksanaan yang diberikan yaitu dengan melakukan posisi knee-chest selama 3-4 kali setiap hari selama 10-15 menit dan pijat titik akupresur.
Kesimpulan dari asuhan pada Ny. U usia 27 tahun sudah mendapatkan asuhan kebidanan dengan tepat sehingga permasalahan kehamilan letak sungsang telah teratasi pada hari ketujuh setelah diberikan intervensi. Saran bagi lahan praktik agar lebih memberikan pendidikan kesehatan dan memberikan informasi mengenai penanganan letak sungsang.
Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensoris Abon Cemani dengan Substitusi Jantung Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca)
Authors: Ma'arif Mohamad Fakih , Putriningtyas Natalia Desy
Published: March 2024

Shredded is a food known to urban and rural communities, the variation of shredded meat sale in the markets;was shredded beef, fish and chicken, but the shredded chicken only variation of poultry. The selection of cemani chicken to increase the value and benefits of cemani chicken which has been less than optimal and the male banana flower which is still lacking and becomes a mere waste. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics in terms of physical, chemical, and sensory and determine the quality of shredded chicken cemani with the substitution of the heart of the banana puke produced and increase its economics value. The conducted of research in the Chemix Pratama Chemical Laboratory Yogyakarta and Nutrition Laboratory, Semarang State University. The method used in the study of the complete randomized design with treatment experiment was the comparison of cemani chicken (DAC) and male banana kepok flower (JPK) and the formulation (F2) DAC 83.3%: JPK 0%, (F2) DAC 20.85%: JPK 62.5%, and (F3) DAC 41.6%: JPK 41.6%, (F4) DAC 62.6%: JPK 20.85%. The results showed that the formulation of shredded with cemani chicken meat 20,85% and male banana kepok flower 62,5% was highest nutrition content, was energy 265,27 Kcal, carbohydrates 12,60%, fat 14,66%, protein 19,66%, water content 45,57%, crude fiber content 3,77% and ash content 3,69%. Based on the physical and organoleptic values between formulas doesn’t difference, the texture parameters with means value of 4.07 (F4), the taste was 3.93 (F2), the flavor was 3.77 (F3), the color was 3.80 (F3), and the total preference was 3.80 (F2). The conclusion of the selected formula is F2 based on chemical parameters with a DAC concentration of 20.85% and JPK of 62.5%, with energy of 265.27 cal, carbohydrates of 12.60%, fat of 14.66%, protein of 19.66%, water content of 45.57%, fiber content of 3.77% and ash content of 3.69%.

Key words: shredded, cemani chicken