bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights on the Mechanosynthesis of Phenytoin, a WHO Essential Medicine
Authors: Puccetti Francesco , Lukin Stipe , Užarević Krunoslav , Colacino Evelina , Halasz Ivan , Bolm Carsten , Hernández José G.
Published: November 2021

In recent years, mechanochemistry has enriched the toolbox of synthetic chemists, enabling faster and more sustainable access to new materials and existing products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, molecular-level understanding of most mechanochemical reactions remains limited, delaying the implementation of mechanochemistry in industrial applications. Herein, we have applied in-situ monitoring by Raman spectroscopy to the mechanosynthesis of phenytoin, a World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Medicine, enabling the observation, isolation, and characterization of key molecular-migration intermediates involved in the single-step transformation of benzil, urea, and KOH into phenytoin. This work contributes to the elucidation of a reaction mechanism that has been subjected to a number of interpretations over time and paints a clear picture of how mechanosynthesis can be applied and optimized for the preparation of added-value molecules.
Computational Spectroscopy of the Cr–Cr Bond in Coordination Complexes
Authors: Shiozaki Toru , Vlaisavljevich Bess
Published: November 2021

We report the accurate computational vibrational analysis of the Cr–Cr bond in dichromium complexes using second-order multireference complete active space methods (CASPT2), allowing direct comparison with experimental spectroscopic data both to facilitate interpreting the low-energy region of the spectra and to provide insights into the nature of the bonds themselves. Recent technological development by the authors has realized such computation for the first time. Accurate simulation of the vibrational structure of these compounds has been hampered by their notorious multiconfigurational electronic structure that yields bond distances that do not correlate with bond order. Some measured Cr–Cr vibrational stretching modes, ν(Cr2), have suggested weaker bonding, even for so-called ultrashort Cr–Cr bonds, while others are in line with the bond distance. Here we optimize the geometries and compute ν(Cr2) with CASPT2 for three well-characterized complexes, Cr2(O2CCH3)4(H2O)2, Cr2(mhp)4, and Cr2(dmp)4. We obtain CASPT2 harmonic ν(Cr2) modes in good agreement with experiment at 282 cm−1 for Cr2(mhp)4 and 353 cm−1 for Cr2(dmp)4, compute 50Cr and 54Cr isotope shifts, and demonstrate that the use of the so-called IPEA shift leads to improved Cr–Cr distances. Additionally, normal mode sampling was used to estimate anharmonicity along ν(Cr2) leading to an anharmonic mode of 272 cm−1 for Cr2(mhp)4 and 333 cm−1 for Cr2(dmp)4.
Synthesis of -Tosyloxylated gem-Difluoroalkanes via Oxidative Fluorination of Vinyl Sulfonates Featuring A [2,3]-Sulfonyloxy Migration
Authors: Wang Honggen , Tu Fang-Hai , Li Zhan , Yang Shuang , Li Yin , Tan Dong-Hang , Li Qingjiang
Published: November 2021

The gem-difluoroalkanes widely exist in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Reported herein is a facile synthesis of tosyloxylated gem-difluoroalkanes via an oxidative fluorination of readily available vinyl sulfonates. An intriguing [2,3]-sulfonyloxy migration is involved as a key step. The OTs group in the product enables a divergent and modular synthesis of a wide variety of functionalized gem-difluoroalkanes via reliable SN2 reactions. Notable features of this protocol include mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and remarkably good functional-group tolerance.
Searching Building Blocks with Large Excited-State Gaps in Five-memebered Heterocyclic Rings by Aromaticity Strategy
Authors: Sun Qi
Published: November 2021

Organic molecules with large gap between the excited singlet/triplet states can be applied in hot exciton emission and singlet fission to beat the spin statistics limit in optoelectronic devices. Herein, a novel strategy is proposed for achieving large triplet-triplet gap (E(T1T2)) and singlet-triplet gap (E(S1T1)) by manipulating the aromaticity of the low-lying excited states. Partially conjugated five-membered heterocyclic rings are found to naturally have low E(T1) owing to high aromaticity obeying Baird’s Rule. Utilizing such ring (pyrazoline) as a bridge and selecting various donor and acceptor moieties, numbers of derivatives have been theoretically designed with tunable emission colors, significantly large E(T1T2) and E(S1T1), and satisfying E(T2)>E(S1)≥2E(T1). The ultrafast spectroscopy and sensitization measurements for one of them with blue fluorescence (named TPA-DBPrz) confirm the calculated prediction. This work opens a new avenue and provides molecular units to develop high-efficiency optoelectronic materials.
Aid, Sanctions and Civil Society: An Analysis of the Impacts of Targeted Sanctions on Fiji’s Non-Government Organisations
Authors:   , Hanks Morgan Franciska
Published: November 2021

In dealing with contested regimes, international aid donors must decide whether to suspend or continue to provide development assistance to a regime considered illegitimate. Since the 1990s a general consensus has existed that conventional sanctions are largely ineffective and essentially violate human rights. Responding to this realisation, targeted or ‘smart’ sanctions emerged with the aim of minimising the impacts of sanctions on civilians, while still targeting the ruling elite. This thesis investigates smart sanctions utilised in a Pacific Island country: Fiji. Following the coups of 1987, 2000 and 2006 three of Fiji’s major aid donors, Australia, New Zealand and the European Union, imposed various levels of smart sanctions including targeted travel bans and sanctioning their aid programmes. In particular, the donors focused on redirecting funding through non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Fiji. Within the sanctions literature a particular gap exists regarding assessment of the impacts on local NGOs. What research does exists has shown that in several cases in Africa, Asia and South America when donors have chosen to channel aid through civil society in response to lagging political reforms, this has at times done more harm than good for local NGOs. Since the imposition of smart sanctions in Fiji there has been no evaluation of how rechanneling aid through NGOs has changed the local development landscape. This research evaluates both the explicit and implicit impacts that smart sanctions imposed on Fiji have had on local NGOs.
Leadership as Communicative Practice: The Discursive Construction of Leadership and Team Identity in a New Zealand Rugby Team
Authors:   , Wilson Nicholas Andrew
Published: November 2021

In sports teams, the way in which leaders such as coaches and captains communicate with players is vital to the success of the team. However, despite extensive psychological and sociological research on sport, it has rarely been a site of linguistic research. Like many sports, rugby has many traditions and ideologies that influence the way in which teams form identities. This thesis explores the way in which leadership is enacted and group identity forged through communicative practice in a New Zealand rugby team. Using authentic interactions collected using an ethnographic methodology, an analysis is presented of how discourse strategies are negotiated within the team, establishing practices that signify membership of communities of practice (CofPs) and creating identities for individuals as leaders. Leadership discourse is itself viewed as a sociolinguistic practice and defines one of the CofPs within the team. Using the concepts of front and back-stage (Goffman 1959; Richards 2006) to describe different conceptual spaces in which interactions occur, I suggest that discourse in the rugby team is a spatialised practice; the performance of a particular style of leadership constructs the space in which it takes place as public or private, with each contributing to an effective leadership performance. The construction of leadership identity is analysed in terms of stance and indexicality, linking locally constructed identities and discourse strategies to macro identity categories and socio-cultural ideologies. One of the ways in which this is examined is through the role of ritual and formulaic language in the team, showing that while communicative practice is negotiated in the back stage, in the front stage its performance serves to construct team identity while aiming to motivate the players. Furthermore, the structural nature of the game of rugby (i.e. players’ positional requirements) is examined in relation to the different communicative strategies adopted by positionally segregated groups. It is suggested that these groups, although institutionally defined, create meaning for themselves as CofPs by negotiating a shared way of communicating in enacting their role in the team. In sum, this research uses CofP theory to examine how leaders emerge through their linguistic practices. Furthermore, it locates leadership as a spatialised practice and examines how leaders influence the discursive construction of group identity. Finally, the analysis also makes a valuable contribution to the field of sociolinguistic research on sport, a small yet growing area.
Online Communities, Gen Y and Civic Engagement: An Investigation of Youth Leadership Development Potential in the Context of Social and Democratic Issues
Authors:   , Maloiy Lanoi
Published: November 2021

Leadership is an extensively discussed and researched concept in scholarship. A vast amount of literature focuses on adult leadership, especially in a political and organizational context. Adult leadership places emphasis on the role of individual leaders, whilst youth leadership takes a participatory approach. Leadership scholars indicate that this participatory approach to youth leadership, involves young people addressing community concerns and at a civic level, engaging in planning and decision-making. Social participation traits and civic identity are developed during adolescence yet very little research has been undertaken in this area since the 1960s. This suggests that youth leadership is an overlooked research stream. Current studies on Gen Y indicate that this demographic are technologically proficient especially with regard to Web 2.0 tools, but also disengaged from their community. This research project examines the use of online communities to influence the leadership skills of a Gen Y cohort in the context of social participation and civic engagement. In this study a focus group and an online wiki were used to investigate how Gen Y teenagers in Wellington, New Zealand used online communities to develop and exercise their leadership skills through civic and social action endeavours. Results from the study indicate that youth leadership, in an online context, centres on the role of organisers who foster civic participation through online community networks. Thus youth leadership is strengthened through participation in civic and community issues using online communities. Adult perceptions of youth and the low credibility of online communities, as perceived by youth, were found to act as barriers to online youth leadership. The findings highlight the importance of adults acknowledging youth in social participation and civic endeavours. This study extends research in the youth leadership stream and enhances our understanding of Gen Y and their use of online communities.
A Post Implementation Review of the Success of an e-Government Portal Project
Authors:   , Gombodorj Enkhzul
Published: November 2021

The government of Mongolia wants to improve and expand e-Government initiatives. The Government believes that the introduction of e-Government can significantly: improve transparency and efficiency in administration; increase participation of citizens in the government decision-making process; improve national competitiveness; upgrade capacity of the national ICT infrastructure; enhance the quality of civil services (Sambuu, Tudevdagva, & Erdene, 2008). The use of information communication technology in the public sector requires a clear vision, to deliver open and transparent government, along with improved integrated information and service delivery. With democratic government only emerging in Mongolia in the past twenty years, there is little or no historical precedent for any type of e-Government projects, although foundations for the concept were laid in 2005, with the formation of the Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA), with its focus on ICT policy and project implementation. Measuring the performance of e-government initiatives in the country would be important for helping the government and public to understand what progress is being made with the development of those initiatives, and in explaining any obstacles to progress. This study focused on illustrating success factors of the e-government initiative in the country in the case of PMIS (Public Management Information System) in Mongolia. A government portal is one of the key priority e-government initiatives in every country to achieve its e-government goals, whereas the government of Mongolia started its own e-government portal in 1997. The IS Success Model (Delone & McLean, 1992) and the 3D Model of IS Success (Ballantine et al, 1996) were used to investigate the possible factors for the success of the PMIS portal initiative. Distance semi-structured interviews of five participants from public agencies were conducted. The result suggests a positive perception of ten success factors, which may help to increase the benefit and consequence of e-government uptake.
The Lexicon of Public Sector Reform in New Zealand 1984 - 1994
Authors:   , Quigley Katherine Jane
Published: November 2021

This is a study of the lexical effects on New Zealand English of the legal, social and economic changes brought about by the fourth Labour government and its successor during the decade from 1984 - 1994, during which period the New Zealand public sector was radically reformed. In order to carry out this study a corpus of approximately five million written words was compiled, consisting of three parallel sets of documents from four domains of use in the public sector. Chapter One provides the rationale for scoping the study both to this particular ten-year period and to the lexis of four particular government departments, namely The Treasury and the Ministries of Social Welfare, Health and Education. A review of previous related work in the field of lexicography, and the aims and specific research questions which motivated the study, are located at the end of this first chapter. Chapter Two explains the reasons behind the selection of three particular documents for use as data sources: the Annual Reports, the annual Corporate Plans, and the triennial Briefings to the Incoming Government. This chapter also describes the methodology used to determine words for inclusion in the glossary which is located in Appendix I. The advantages and pitfalls of the Google search method are discussed, as are the approaches taken to dealing with multiword units, proper nouns, abbreviations and words of Maori origin. The construction and arrangement of the glossary are explained here, including the basis for selection of citations. In Chapter Three an overview of each ministry's dataset is given in terms of its linguistic characteristics, and the results of the study are described. The penultimate chapter catalogues the discovery of a rich vein of figurative language throughout the documents of the New Zealand Treasury, as evidenced by varied and extended metaphors used to express economic concepts. This chapter gives a brief account of metaphor theory and discusses the methodology used for identification of metaphors in the dataset. The fifth and final chapter of this study sums up the overall findings and points the way towards useful future research in this field. A major part of this study consists of the aforementioned lexicon in Appendix I of New Zealand-specific words from these domains and their illustrative citations. This lexicon is a record of the NZE words used in a particular dataset in the public sector of New Zealand. It amounts to approximately 260 entries supported by 660 citations, which were collected via an exhaustive data search of three types of government document over one decade. These terms are not new in the sense that they first appeared in NZE during the decade of this study, but approximately two-thirds of them are new in the sense that they do not appear in any dictionary of English. This collection of terms constitutes a cultural and historical archive, which records the distinctive identity of New Zealand's public sector as it underwent a revolutionary era of profound political and economic change.
Recording the Common Good: Record-keeping practices in New Zealand not-for-profit organisations
Authors:   , Ranchod Reesha
Published: November 2021

Research Problem: There are no studies about records management in New Zealand not-for-profit organisations. However, records management research has established issues in archival theory. The current practice of not-for-profit organisations are unknown. The purpose of this research project is to confirm relevance of the records lifecycle and the records continuum. In addition, to establish whether the record-keeping issued by Archives New Zealand meet requirements of not-for-profit organisations. This research built on current research in records management, to identify an overview of record-keeping processes. The research contributes to the records management body of knowledge.

Methodology: Using purposive sampling and Qualtrics survey software, five hundered and eighty organisations were given an anonomyous survey link. Twitter, Facebook and Linkedin posts were utilised to engage New Zealand not-for-profit organisations. Fourty respondents involved with governance, management or admininistration completed an online survey, along with twenty incomplete responses, and three respondents that did not fulfil the screening criteria.

Results: This research project confirmed the application of the record continuum, as 82.5% of respondents digitise records. 40% of respondents do not have complete faith in their records policy. In addition, 56.4% want a record-keeping schedule developed for not-for-profit organisations.

Implications: As this research confirms and builds on records management research, no comparative research internationally addresses records management for not-for-profit organisations. This research should be developed further, applying mixed methods and observing multiple organisations to confirm needs before Archives New Zealand create targeted standards for not-for-profit organisations. In addition, the professional bodies of ARANZ and RIMPA should consider delivering education to not-for-profit organiastions, concreting engagement with community archives in the future.
Motivation, Empowerment, and Cognitive Style in a Community of Practice
Authors:   , Tegg Simon
Published: November 2021

Social work and Participatory GIS researchers have focused on the social empowerment of disadvantaged groups while neglecting psychological aspects of empowerment. Social empowerment generally refers to an increase in political or economic power for the disadvantaged. Psychological empowerment generally refers to internal , motivational processes. Community development projects must often balance the two, and the diverse needs, interests, and ideologies of practitioners and participants. It is proposed that two psychological theories can explain how psychological empowerment occurs and varies. These theories are the Empathiser-Sytemiser theory of cognitive style (Baron-Cohen et al., 2005), and Self-Determination theory (Deci and Ryan, 2000). The links between these theories and the implications for empowerment are explored through a case study of a community gardening group and community mapping in Wellington, New Zealand. The thesis argues that empowerment-oriented efforts are especially valuable during economic decline and transition.
Implicit Cultures: Towards a Psychosocial Theory of ‘Intuitive Religious Beliefs’
Authors:   , McVicar Timothy J.
Published: November 2021

This thesis defines and resolves some persistent criticisms of Justin Barrett and Jessie Bering’s shared contention that religious beliefs are compelled by ‘default’ cognitive systems. I contend that the source of these criticisms is correctly the ‘naturalness of religious belief’ metathesis. This metathesis justifies the methodological reductions that both use to account for ‘intuitive religious beliefs.’ Through a review of the critical literature sourced from various methodologies including anthropology, hermeneutics, and social neuroscience, I uncover a recurrent set of criticisms that I contend theories of ‘intuitive religion’ need to confront in order to strengthen the theoretical, and by inference, empirical validity of their theories. Yet I also discuss why it is that Bering and Barrett fail to incorporate insights relative to persistent criticisms of their research, emphasising that it is because they fail to see the experimental plausibility of alternative methodologies and theories. Somewhat proactively, I argue that Mathew Day’s proposal for a psychosocial theory of religion offers a step in the right direction. Day’s psychosocial theory rejects the ‘naturalness of religion’ metathesis. My own revision and application of psychosocial theory allows for the reinterpretation of Bering and Barrett’s findings from the vantage point of cultural psychology. I close by offering a developmental theory of ‘intuitive religious beliefs’ that includes the numerous theoretical perspectives addressed throughout this thesis and, crucially, is empirically grounded in research from cultural psychology. I propose a tentative empirical test to trial my claims.
Gaining Expertise in Creating Metadata: An Exploratory Study
Authors:   , Searle Samantha
Published: November 2021

Increasingly, people with little experience of cataloguing, indexing or abstracting are using metadata schemas like the Dublin Core Metadata Elements Set (DC) and the New Zealand Government Locator Service (NZGLS) to describe resources. There is currently little information available about how novices approach the process of metadata creation, and what personal (cognitive) and other factors (particularly organisational) are at work. In this exploratory study, I spoke with novice metadata creators about their skills and knowledge when they began to create metadata and, six weeks later, after they had created records as part of their normal work duties. I asked novices to identify factors that impacted positively or negatively upon their progress, and also sought the opinions of metadata experts who were training and supervising novice creators. The study identified the skills and knowledge that are required to create metadata, and investigated the techniques used to develop expertise. The tools used by metadata creators were evaluated, and the effects of organisational culture were also explored. The insights of the expert and novice participants provide guidance as to how managers can facilitate the production of good quality metadata through developing effective staff training and quality assurance, providing more usable online tools and documentation, and fostering more supportive organisational cultures.
Using an Experimental Online Digital Collection with Interactive Features to Investigate Attitudes Towards Archives 2.0
Authors:   , Perkins George Reid
Published: November 2021

Research Problem: The concept of Archives 2.0 is currently generating much interest within academic and professional discourse in the cultural heritage sector. As yet, however, little research has been done in New Zealand on what potential users and implementers of Archives 2.0 perceive as being the advantages or disadvantages with this idea. Methodology: This study used a two stage approach. In the first stage an experimental prototype of an Archives 2.0 website was constructed using local cultural heritage resources. This was intended to served as a reference point for discussions about the practical possibility and value of sites of this kind. In the second stage nine qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with practitioners and others having a professional interest in cultural heritage collections. They were asked about their perceptions of the practices associated with Archives 2.0 and the current situation in New Zealand Results: This study found considerable interest in the possibilities represented by Archives 2.0. However, there was also concern about the extra burden on staff resources it was seen to entail. Given this it was generally felt that major projects of this kind would not be feasible within the current economic climate. Implications: This study suggests that the Archives 2.0 concept does have potential for development within the New Zealand cultural heritage sector. However ways will have to be found around concerns over resource constraints before further progress is made.
The Emergence of the Arms Trade Treaty as a Global Norm Cluster
Authors:   , Gardner Belinda Kay
Published: November 2021

The Arms Trade Treaty brings together a number of small arms control norms into one instrument and is a new initiative, which was instigated by state and NGO norm entrepreneurs. This thesis attempts to understand what has led to the emergence of these norms in the Arms Trade Treaty, in what will be termed a ‘cluster’ of small arms norms. Examining the small arms norms associated with the Arms Trade Treaty will explain their development and their likelihood of successfully being incorporated into this instrument. Analysis of the development of the norms related to the Arms Trade Treaty will explore the relationship between norms, their promoters and their opponents. This thesis will do this by providing detailed analysis of the development of specific norms in a series of case studies: control over arms brokering, transfers to non-state actors and civilian possession. It will place this development within the broader context of the ATT instrument and the international society in which it is emerging into. This thesis finds that power and powerful states have a significant role to play in the emergence of norms, in some cases despite the efforts of norm promoters. Norms were not able to emerge in their original form due to the influence of powerful states, which resulted in norms evolving in different directions or not emerging at all.
Building Digital Bridges: Improving Digital Collaboration through the Principles of Hyperlinked Practice
Authors:   , Harrison David Henry
Published: November 2021

Effective collaboration requires access to timely and relevant information, but this is difficult given the complexity of the architectural design process and the segmentation of the architecture, engineering and construction industry. Effective collaboration is further complicated by the quantity and density of the digital information generated within a project, and the irregular adoption of technology by different team members. Consolidating project information within Building Information Models has improved its management, but the technology’s complexity limits who can contribute to it. This is a problem, because team members are capable of collaborating more effectively when they can record and reflect upon a comprehensive record of the project’s design process. The aim of research was to identify how information technology can assist architectural project teams to collaborate by more inclusively and comprehensively recording and reflecting upon the design process. To address this problem, this research proposes that the industry adopt Hyperlinked Practice, which is the creation of a distributed cloud of interconnected information describing an architectural project’s events, activities and digital artefacts. A set of fundamental principles were identified that would be used to guide the design and deployment of digital collaboration tools capable of facilitating Hyperlinked Practice. To ensure a flexible and inclusive environment, the principles were derived from concepts proven within the World Wide Web. To validate these principles, their collaboration influence, potential, and industry applicability was tested within a software prototype utilised in a university architecture course and two thought experiments. The results from testing the software prototype suggest that the principles are capable of influencing collaboration in a manner that promotes the recording of the design process, and reflection upon it. The thought experiments demonstrated that the principles provided an excellent framework for evaluating a digital collaboration tool’s ability to facilitate Hyperlinked Practice. Based on these results, the research concluded the identified principles of Hyperlinked Practice were capable of facilitating a collaboration environment that would allow the design process to be comprehensively recorded and reflected upon.
Vindicatory Damages in the Child Welfare Tort Cases
Authors:   , Neild David
Published: November 2021

This thesis argues that vindicatory damages should be available in the child welfare tort cases against public authorities. These are cases in which the plaintiffs sue public authorities either for not protecting them from harm when they were children, or where it is alleged that the authority’s employees abused the children while in its care. Vindicatory damages would be intended to mark the wrong to the plaintiff, rather than attempting to compensate the consequences. This thesis argues in support of the availability of a separate head of vindicatory damages in tort law, including negligence, and explores some of the liability issues which arise in these cases, including vicarious liability, liability for omissions and liability in negligence for the way in which a statutory power is exercised or for a breach of a statutory duty. New Zealand's accident compensation scheme is also discussed: it is argued that vindicatory damages in tort law should not be barred by the scheme.
Gluttony & Sloth: The Moral Politics of Obesity Discourse
Authors:   , Hoverd William James
Published: November 2021

In this dissertation, I investigate why 'official obesity discourse' discusses obesity in terms of the sins of gluttony and sloth. This question leads me to survey the moral politics of 'official obesity discourse' in New Zealand between 1997 and 2009. I claim that 'official obesity discourse' is not neutral, and contains various ideological biases. I map the overall range of these ideologies onto a schema of three models of obesity causality. I demonstrate that each of these three models corresponds to certain general policy positions of respective governments; to certain specific health policies (issued by the Ministry of Health); and to certain medical understandings of causality. I further show how each ideological model moralises obesity, in a manner that casts various groups and forces in the role of scapegoat. Finally, I argue that the three models of obesity causality I have identified discriminate against people on low incomes and in certain ethnic groups. My study concludes with a research model which can be used by other researchers to reveal the ideological and moral dimensions of obesity discourse in their own contexts.
Camouflage--Architecture: Testing the Architectural Application of Neil Leach’s Camouflage Theory as a Model of Place-Identity
Authors:   , McLauchlan Ben
Published: November 2021

Discussion within architectural Place–identity theory has taken a shift. It has moved toward a more fluid condition. With traditional structures of identity holding less value to society, and imagery becoming more prevalent, new models of Place–identity are necessary. This is relative to a decreasing Nationalist view point and an increasing critique of the Post–Modern. Neil Leach, through his theory Camouflage, offers a way to rethink our relationship with Place. Camouflage describes the application of aesthetics as a tool. This becomes important when it is used to form a relationship between the self and Place. The research presented here tests the architectural application of Leach’s theory. This is done by the design of a building for the International Institute of Modern Letters in New Zealand. The design is broken into four components, concentrating on four key areas of the theory. Rather than looking at the building as a whole object, the skin and the planning of the building test the concepts of the visual image and inherent engagement this calls for. The strategic idea of becoming other is studied through the design of a writer’s studio and a theatre. These ideas work together in the design of the roof as an aesthetic interface. This architectural design is critiqued against Leach’s theoretical context and the building’s environment—against Place. Camouflage architecture sees the building itself become a background element. The focus shifts toward how the users of the building might accumulate identifications through the somatic relationships that the building facilitates. The results of this application are presented as an architectural explanation of Camouflage. This is further distilled into a doctrine of Place–identity. These conclusions offer a model for the application of Camouflage architecturally. More importantly they show how this application benefits the shift in Place–identity theory and practice.
Appropriating Stereotypes of Kin, Romance and Gender: An Ethnographic Study of Filipina Migrants Married to or in De-Facto Relationships with New Zealand Men
Authors:   , Doar Hollie Alexandria
Published: November 2021

Transnational marriage migration is an emerging area of interest in anthropology, and contemporary scholars have written extensively on the international movements of Filipina women who have married non-Filipino men. Extending this research into an antipodean context, this thesis is based on interviews with Filipina migrants married to or in de-facto relationships with New Zealand men. Through an examination of narratives of love and romance, identity, and kinship, this work highlights the ways participants undertook identity work in their interviews. In particular, this thesis reveals the strategies employed by Filipina migrants in constructing narratives in which they distance themselves from negative stereotypes, while incorporating more positive typologies into their identities. Stereotypes included Filipina women as mail-order brides, domestic workers, subservient wives, and good family members. These narrative strategies demonstrated the ways participants sought to control and manipulate stereotypes in order to present themselves as successful and virtuous migrants. This thesis applies current scholarship on identity work and stereotypes. It also contributes to literature on marriage migration by expanding a contemporary focus on participant agency through acknowledging how migrants utilise identity resources, in this case stereotypes, available in their host society.
The Reality of Return: Exploring the Experiences of World War One Soldiers after Their Return to New Zealand
Authors:   , Clarkson Coralie
Published: November 2021

The focus of this thesis is the lives of New Zealand's returned Great War soldiers. This thesis explores the experiences of men who did not successfully repatriate as a counterpoint to the experiences of those who did, and argues that men's return to New Zealand and their post war lives were shaped by many factors including access to employment and good health. Many returned soldiers were able to resume their lives on return and led relatively happy and successful lives. For these men, their success seems to have come from the ability to find or resume employment, good health, family support, and financial support. For those who did not, one or more of these factors was often missing, and this could lead to short or long term struggle. The 1920s form the backdrop of this thesis, and were a time of uncertainty and anxiety for returned men and their families. The disillusionment of the 1920s was exacerbated by men's nostalgia for New Zealand which they built up during the war. Tens of thousands of men returned to New Zealand from war with dreams and hopes for the future. The horrors of war had given men an idealistic view of peaceful New Zealand, and dreams of home comforts and loved ones had sustained these men through their long absence. For those who returned to find life difficult, the idealistic view of New Zealand as a land of simplicity and happiness would have been hard to maintain. Chapter 1 demonstrates the idealisation of New Zealand and 'home' built up by soldiers and their families during the war. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 use the lenses of employment, illness – specifically tuberculosis – and alcoholism to argue that for many men and their families, the 1920s were an extension of the anxieties and separation of the Great War years. Sadly, for some, their lives were forever marred by the spectre of war and what their absence from home cost them.
Evangelical Women and Secular Society in New Zealand: An Investigation into Feminism as an Ideology of Empowerment
Authors:   , Ellis Lydia A.
Published: November 2021

This thesis examines the resurgence of evangelicalism in New Zealand and the conflicting nature of the lives that evangelical women in New Zealand live. Evangelicalism in New Zealand is growing and evolving and thus evangelical women are by necessity adapting to their secular setting whilst maintaining their faith. This study reveals many interesting findings, illustrating the often contradictory and challenging issues that evangelical women must face as they identify with feminism as a secular symbol while maintaining a conservative evangelical faith. Evangelical women in New Zealand today are living in two worlds. The women have a strong sense of identity and faith within evangelicalism however there are contradictions. Simultaneously there is a strong influence of secular liberal society which is evident through the women's identification with feminist values. What has been discovered is that evangelical women can successfully live in two separate worlds – one secular and one religious. They can be women of faith while at the same time living their lives in a secular society. Similarly there is a significant gap between rhetoric and reality in evangelical women's lives – what evangelical women articulate regarding gender roles in theory is not necessarily what occurs in practice. These challenges are defined by society and thus are a useful tool to assist in the understanding of the conflicts evangelical women have to negotiate on a daily basis.
Improving Salience Retention and Identification in the Automated Filtering of Event Log Messages
Authors:   , Radford Paul
Published: November 2021

Event log messages are currently the only genuine interface through which computer systems administrators can effectively monitor their systems and assemble a mental perception of system state. The popularisation of the Internet and the accompanying meteoric growth of business-critical systems has resulted in an overwhelming volume of event log messages, channeled through mechanisms whose designers could not have envisaged the scale of the problem. Messages regarding intrusion detection, hardware status, operating system status changes, database tablespaces, and so on, are being produced at the rate of many gigabytes per day for a significant computing environment. Filtering technologies have not been able to keep up. Most messages go unnoticed; no  filtering whatsoever is performed on them, at least in part due to the difficulty of implementing and maintaining an effective filtering solution. The most commonly-deployed  filtering alternatives rely on regular expressions to match pre-defi ned strings, with 100% accuracy, which can then become ineffective as the code base for the software producing the messages 'drifts' away from those strings. The exactness requirement means all possible failure scenarios must be accurately anticipated and their events catered for with regular expressions, in order to make full use of this technique. Alternatives to regular expressions remain largely academic. Data mining, automated corpus construction, and neural networks, to name the highest-profi le ones, only produce probabilistic results and are either difficult or impossible to alter in any deterministic way. Policies are therefore not supported under these alternatives. This thesis explores a new architecture which utilises rich metadata in order to avoid the burden of message interpretation. The metadata itself is based on an intention to improve end-to-end communication and reduce ambiguity. A simple yet effective filtering scheme is also presented which fi lters log messages through a short and easily-customisable set of rules. With such an architecture, it is envisaged that systems administrators could signi ficantly improve their awareness of their systems while avoiding many of the false-positives and -negatives which plague today's fi ltering solutions.
Improving Accuracy and Efficiency of Hand Gestures on Multi-Touch Devices
Authors:   , Chung Yi-jing
Published: November 2021

Geometric transformation gestures such as rotation, scaling and dragging are extremely common. There are multiple variants of designing and implementing these gestures. Variants include slightly modifying the gesture input (e.g. different original placement or tracing of fingers) or the resulting action (e.g. scale factor, retention of scale centre or rotation degree). There has not been a significant amount of research assessing the best design of geometric transformation gestures across multiple multi-touch devices. We describe our research project that looks at variants of standard geometric transformation hand gestures. We hypothesise that these variants are superior to standard geometric transformation gestures (in terms of supporting more precise transformations and faster completion times) and are as easy to initiate and maintain as the standard gestures. We also discuss our experiences in implementing these variants and describe and present user experiments we have completed in order to test our hypotheses. The results show that only some of our variants are more precise and support faster transformation completion and that only some of these results are mirrored between devices. Furthermore, only some of our variants are as easy to initiate and maintain as the standard gestures.
Social Science Teachers' Critical Engagement with Best Evidence Synthesis Research
Authors:   , Taylor Michael Alan
Published: November 2021

This thesis draws on qualitative data gathered in focus group discussions, and interviews with ten teachers and three academics to examine social science teachers' critical engagement with Effective Pedagogy in the Social Sciences /Tikanga-a-iwi Best Evidence Synthesis (Aitken & Sinnema, 2008). To assess teachers' critical engagement with the Social Science BES, the thesis develops a modified model designed to encourage critical thinking. The methodological approach involved recording two phases of self-directed teacher discussion before and after the introduction of the modified critical thinking model. The findings suggest that the model supported teachers in the short term, especially those participants for whom critical thinking about research evidence was a novelty. The model had little impact, however, for teachers with more critical thinking skills. A lack of accountability, entrenched teacher identity, and socio-centric dialogue were identified as barriers to the teachers' critical engagement with the Social Sciences BES. Further findings provide insight into how over-assimilation and inattention to the complexity of research evidence risk undermining the integrity of teacher inquiry. The thesis concludes with a discussion about the difficulty of teachers critically engaging with the Social Sciences BES and offers recommendations for different levels of the education system that might help facilitate critical engagement with Social Sciences BES research.
What Success Means to Professional Dancers
Authors:   , Nixon Janet
Published: November 2021

Being successful as a dance professional does not generally happen by accident. Occasionally all the components of success fall into place serendipitously, but success is usually achieved by people who know what success means for themselves, people who have developed the vision and personal qualities required to achieve this. Success is a mental attitude, a mind-set, and the quality of this mental attitude allows people to make the most of their other training and skills. As with many graduates of the arts, students completing tertiary performing arts dance degrees do not have a clearly defined career path mapped out for them, in the way that say lawyers and engineers have. Compounding this situation is that there are many more dance graduates than existing professional dance opportunities. These graduates have to create their own professional futures if they are to succeed in a challenging and highly competitive environment, the dance industry. This research was directed by the questions: what is success for established professional contemporary and cultural dancers in New Zealand; how do they perceive success; and what personal qualities do successful dance professionals possess, apart from talent, that contribute to them being successful? Nine dance professionals, with extensive industry experience, participated in this phenomenological study. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using themes emerging from the data. A clear picture emerged of how these dance professionals view success, and the important role that strong self-awareness plays in achieving this. The study revealed a common set of personal qualities that appear to contribute to being successful. The dance professionals interviewed for this study know who they are, what they want, and where they want to go. They are very focused people, not compromising in their vision and drive. They are principled and connected to their beliefs and values. Their success is supported by the multiple facets of discipline they have developed - they had worked hard to get to where they are now. By understanding the qualities successful dance professionals possess, dance professional practice courses can be informed and illustrated by the findings of this study, and an approach can be developed that acknowledges the importance of the awareness of success in educative processes, and in the student’s professional development path.
Corporate Governance and the Relationship between Default Risk and the Earning Response Coefficient
Authors:   , Zakaria Nor Balkish
Published: November 2021

This study examines the effect of corporate governance on the relationship between default risk and the earnings response coefficient (ERC). Using a sample of 2,004 firm-years comprising 334 firms listed on the Bursa Malaysia over a six year period from 2002 to 2007, this study tests whether corporate governance mitigates the effect of default risk on ERC while controlling for the established determinants of ERC — beta, growth, earnings persistence and size. Using reverse regression, the study confirms that beta is negatively related to ERC and that growth, earnings persistence and size are positively related to ERC. Default risk is found to be negatively related to ERC thus confirming that beta is only a partial measure of risk relevant to ERC. Corporate governance — as indicated by audit quality, audit committee expertise and independence, and board independence and board shareholding — mitigates the negative effect of default risk on ERC. The results of the study hold both for the pooled sample of 2,004 firm-year observations and on a year by year basis for the 334 firms in the sample. The results are also found to be robust to various sensitivity tests including to alternative measures of the variables. The study thus provides systematic and comprehensive additional evidence on the determinants of ERC. Of itself this is an important contribution to the literature but especially so given that the evidence comes from Malaysia — an emerging economy — whereas the existing empirical literature relates mainly to developed countries.