bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visualizing Simultaneity in Diasporic Public Spheres: The case of the Mexican Diaspora in the U.S.
Authors: Moreno Esparza Gabriel , Martínez Téllez Rosa Angélica
Published: July 2017

This article argues that explorations of interactive spaces afforded by digital news media provide a dynamic platform to visualize the prospects for the political participation of diasporas in their countries of origin and residence. In this case, a breakdown of the frequency of comments across a variety of news sections about Mexico and the U.S. in Univision.com uncovered a lively range of interactions between news forum participants, signalling simultaneous interest in on-going events and processes in the two countries. The dual national orientations highlighted by these findings ‘touch base’ with the body of literature about media and migration, which has in recent times recognised the interconnectedness of immigrants-sending and receiving societies, whilst offering a more refined conceptualization of the concept of simultaneity in regard to diasporic public spheres.
Vivir con cáncer de cuello uterino in situ: experiencias de mujeres atendidas en un hospital de Risaralda, Colombia, 2016. Estudio cualitativo
Authors: Cano Giraldo Solangel , Caro-Delgadillo Flor Victoria , Lafaurie-Villamil María Mercedes
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: explorar cómo han sido las experiencias de mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de cuello uterino in situ.Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, basado en entrevistas a profundi­dad, con participación de mujeres diagnosticadas con carcinoma de cuello uterino in situ, atendidas en un hospital de segundo nivel, en un municipio del departamento de Risa­ralda, Colombia.Resultados: diez mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 23 años, no esperaban el diagnóstico y este fue devastador; asumieron como fatal su enfermedad y a sus parejas como las responsables del resultado. No muestran una clara comprensión acerca de su enfermedad. Se develan relaciones de pareja asimétricas en las cuales las mujeres no asumen activamente la protección sexual. Las mujeres cuentan con pocas redes de apoyo por el estigma que representa para ellas vivir con cáncer de cuello uterino.Conclusiones: se requiere aplicar un modelo de intervención integral que propenda por el empoderamiento de las mujeres para asumir de manera activa su enfermedad, su autocuidado y sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos, y que incluya a los varones en la prevención y atención. Es necesario que se reconozca que el cáncer uterino va más allá de síntomas como el sangrado y el dolor.
Gestación cuádruple: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Oliveros Vargas Alejandra , Otero-Pinto Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: reportar un caso de embarazo cuádru­ple y revisar la literatura disponible con respecto disponible con respecto a la edad gestacional en la que se identifica el tipo de placenta (mono o policoriónica) en la que finaliza el embarazo, el peso del recién nacido y la frecuencia del cuidado prenatal de este tipo de gestaciones.Materiales y métodos: se presenta del caso de una mujer con embarazo cuádruple secundario a técnica de reproducción asistida, atendida en una institución de cuarto nivel de complejidad, ubicada en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura publicada en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Embase, SciELO y UptoDate® con los términos de búsqueda: “em­barazo múltiple”, “cuádruples”, “atención prenatal” y “resultado perinatal”. La búsqueda se limitó por idioma (artículos en inglés y español).Resultados: se recuperaron 19 referencias que cumplían con los criterios de in­clusión y de exclusión. No hay información sobre la frecuencia con la que se debe hacer el control prenatal. El tipo de placenta se pudo establecer entre las semanas 9 y 25; la edad gestacional varió entre 26 y 34 semanas. El peso varió entre 1.076 y 1.770 g.  Los embarazos multigestación se acompañan frecuentemente de complicaciones maternas y perinatales.Conclusiones: el diagnóstico del embarazo cuádruple puede hacerse temprano en la gestación. Frecuentemente se acompaña de prematuridad y bajo peso al nacer.  Se requieren estudios que evalúen el manejo más seguro y efectivo de esta condición.
El manejo de riesgo de longevidad en los sistemas públicos de pensiones. Una propuesta de uso de swaps de longevidad para México
Authors: Rodríguez-Reyes Luis Raúl
Published: July 2017

El riesgo de longevidad, que es la posibilidad de que las personas sobrevivan más allá de lo esperado, puede dañar a los sistemas gubernamentales de pensiones de beneficio definido, ya que se traduce en una potencial subestimación de las reservas para cumplir las obligaciones de pago futuro. Este fenómeno tiene una connotación positiva para los proveedores de seguros de vida, ya que de realizarse el riesgo de longevidad, habría un diferimiento en sus obligaciones financieras. En este artículo se analiza, estructura y se simula un swap de longevidad como mecanismo para reducir la exposición del gobierno federal mexicano al riesgo de longevidad, usando el hedge natural de las posiciones respecto a la longevidad entre las dos instituciones mencionadas.
Risk and Reward: Climate Change and SPE
Authors: Judah Janeen
Published: July 2017

President's column

In early April, the shipping lanes along the coastlines of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, were quite congested, but not with tankers. This area of Canada—often called “Iceberg Alley”—was filled with 450 icebergs, floating south. This overabundance appeared suddenly; the US Coast Guard reported the increase from 37 to 450 icebergs in a week.

What is the cause? Scientists disagree. Some state that rising temperatures caused by global warming triggered this massive iceberg jam. Others say that it could have been caused by a violent windstorm in St. John’s, Canada, a few weeks earlier.

In either case, the “bergy water”—the term used by the Canadian Coast Guard in its ice bulletin—has officials believing that the number of icebergs this year will eclipse last year’s total of 687.

Opinions regarding climate change—is it real or not—are polar opposite. There are just as many people who passionately believe it exists and needs to be slowed as those who do not believe it exists.

Typically, SPE does not take positions on political or controversial matters. We are a society that disseminates technical knowledge for the upstream segment of the oil and gas industry. But this concern is so prevalent globally that last year, the SPE Board of Directors formed a climate change task force to identify “key aspects of climate change and public perceptions of climate change.” This group also was charged with developing a strategy for SPE’s response and recommending any actions that the society should take.

The board also requested that recommendations developed by the task force avoid any approach that could be construed as lobbying or political advocacy, as neither is consistent with SPE’s role and status as a not-for-profit organization.

The task force worked diligently for nearly a year studying climate change policies such as the Paris Agreement, which was developed at the 21st annual Conference of Parties. Population growth and economic development are driving increased need for and access to energy, so the Paris Agreement is expected to bring change over the course of this century. It has the potential to usher in new opportunities for SPE members through deploying carbon dioxide capture, use, and storage (CCUS), further accelerating natural gas as an option to coal, changing the infrastructural load as natural gas becomes an essential component of a more flexible power generation system, and pushing oil into new markets as it is displaced from some of its current uses (such as transportation).
Getting More From Fracturing With Diversion
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: July 2017

Mary Van Domelen makes two key points about using diverters in fracturing designs: “It is one of the useful tools in our unconventional stimulation tool kit,” and there is a good chance “you are doing it wrong.”

Those two observations motivated the engineering adviser from Continental Resources to write “A Practical Guide to Modern Diversion Technology” (SPE 185120), a 22-page overview on effectively using diversion to more effectively fracture a well by plugging the dominant fractures to divert the pressure further down the wellbore to ensure more perforations are effectively stimulated.

Van Domelen’s paper, presented at the 2017 SPE Oklahoma City Oil and Gas Symposium, is one of a spate of recent papers by operators that show diversion is becoming a widely used part of fracturing designs, particularly in the oil-rich Bakken. The papers are coming from unconventional pioneers such as Continental and Devon Energy, smaller operators such as Liberty Resources and Abraxas, and even Saudi Aramco. All report benefits from diversion, ranging from improved production and more productive fractures to cost savings.

Liberty reported (SPE 184828) that wells in the Bakken using diversion produced twice as much as offset wells using the old method, and “33% to 39%” more than predicted by a model that uses data from comparable wells in its database of more than 10,000 wells in North Dakota.

“We are excited about what we are doing,” said Paul Weddle, completion manager for Liberty, who presented the paper at the recent SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. “In the oil business, there are differences (of production) of plus or minus 10% to 15%” due to local geological variations. But with gains of more than 30%, “we may be on to something.” The earliest wells using diversion have been producing for a year and continue to exceed their expectations.

Diversion has been quietly used by early adopters—Devon’s recent paper was based on changes it made in its diversion method based on testing—but in the past year the number of companies trying and using it has grown substantially.
Technology Focus: Coiled-Tubing Applications (June 2017)
Authors: Crabtree Alex
Published: July 2017

Technology Focus

This time last year, there was uncertainty as to what the future held for our industry as a whole and the coiled-tubing sector in particular. Today, the mantra appears to be “lower for longer.” With the price of oil hovering around USD 50/bbl, is this really the case? Looking at the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) data for West Texas intermediate and Brent spot crude oil prices, it was not until 2005 that prices rose and consistently stayed above the USD 50 mark, with a short dip below that in 2008. On the cost side of the equation, the US Consumer Price Index in 2005 was 195 (1982 is the base year of 100) and 240 for 2016. Looking at US Bureau of Labor Statistics data, oil and gas extraction employment rose from 1,287,000 to 1,932,000 in the US between 2005 and 2015, peaking in 2014. Placing the coiled-tubing sector within this context, the global coiled-tubing-unit count has increased from 1,163 in 2005 to 1,951 in 2016, with the peak being 2,096 units in 2015 (Intervention and Coiled Tubing Association worldwide coiled-tubing rig count).

So what do these statistics imply? They would seem to reflect trends that are currently manifesting themselves: a decrease in activity, continuing rising costs, and a reduced return. However, even with the lower current situation, overall activity has not dropped to 2005 levels; the demand side of the curve is still trending upward. (EIA world petroleum consumption data show 84.7 million B/D in 2005 to 95.1 million B/D in 2016.) Therefore, efficiency and effectiveness will continue to be strong influencing factors in the development of the coiled-tubing market sector.

Efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved in differing ways. This year’s papers provide readers with examples of efficiencies that have been achieved in coiled-tubing operations. The papers demonstrate how problem-solving techniques have been applied to improve such aspects as on-site processes, fit-for-purpose equipment, coiled-tubing-string selection for process optimization, and more-effective treatment placement.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

OTC 26690 Journey to Success—Advancement of Coiled-Tubing Drilling in Malaysia by Zhon Wei Ooi, Petronas, et al.

SPE 182905 Coiled-Tubing Technology for Extending the Reach in Sand-Screen-Completed and Openhole Wells by Karim Elrashidi, Baker Hughes, et al.
Ground-state energy and excitation spectrum of the Lieb-Liniger model : accurate analytical results and conjectures about the exact solution
Authors: Lang Guillaume , Hekking Frank , Minguzzi Anna
Published: July 2017

We study the ground-state properties and excitation spectrum of the
Lieb-Liniger model, i.e. the one-dimensional Bose gas with repulsive
contact interactions. We solve the Bethe-Ansatz equations in the
thermodynamic limit by using an analytic method based on a series
expansion on orthogonal polynomials developed in and push the expansion
to an unprecedented order. By a careful analysis of the mathematical
structure of the series expansion, we make a conjecture for the analytic
exact result at zero temperature and show that the partially resummed
expressions thereby obtained compete with accurate numerical
calculations. This allows us to evaluate the density of quasi-momenta,
the ground-state energy, the local two-body correlation function and
Tan’s contact. Then, we study the two branches of the excitation
spectrum. Using a general analysis of their properties and symmetries,
we obtain novel analytical expressions at arbitrary interaction strength
which are found to be extremely accurate in a wide range of
intermediate to strong interactions.
Paying too much or too little? Pricing approaches in the case of cross-border water supply
Authors: Banovec P. , Domadenik P.
Published: July 2017

Cross-border drinking water supply is often a solution for the emerging water crisis, related also to climate changes, but in several cases also a historical legacy of changing borders. It is challenged by the increased complexity of water supply management, mainly because of the doubled reality of administrative, legal, accounting and decision-making processes. Analyzed water pricing of existing cross-border utilities clearly demonstrates applied water pricing approaches mainly based on pure negotiation principles demonstrating different and often heavily asymmetric bargaining positions of partners. In order to overcome this situation applicable water pricing principles are presented. The model is demonstrated on real business cases of three water utilities from Central and South East Europe, but similar concepts are applicable for drinking water transfer between regions or municipalities in other countries.
A novel photobiological process for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment using brackish water diatoms
Authors: Ikehata Keisuke , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ma Jingshu , Komor Andrew T. , Maleky Nima , Anderson Michael A.
Published: July 2017

A unique aqueous silica removal process using naturally occurring diatoms for water reuse and desalination is described. Several strains of brackish water diatoms have been isolated and tested. Among them Pseudostaurosira and Nitzschia species showed promise. Reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate samples from two full-scale advanced water purification facilities and one brackish groundwater RO plant in Southern California have been successfully treated by this process. This new photobiological process could remove aqueous silica, as well as phosphate, ammonia, nitrate, calcium, iron and manganese very effectively. Under non-optimized conditions, 95% of 78 mg·L−1 reactive silica in an RO concentrate sample could be removed within 72 hours. In most cases, addition of nutrients was not necessary because the RO concentrate typically contains sufficient concentrations of macronutrients derived from the source water (i.e., treated wastewater and brackish groundwater). Preliminary characterization of organics indicated that there was no major generation of dissolved organics, which could potentially foul membranes in the subsequent RO process. This new algal process has a strong potential for its application in desalination and water reuse in the United States and around the world.
Toxicity and Apoptosis Related Effects of Benzimidazo [3,2-α] Quinolinium Salts Upon Human Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Vélez Christian , Soto Jessica , Ríos Karoline , Silva Luz , Hernandez Wigberto , Rivera Luis A. , Ortiz-Colón Ana I. , Cox Osvaldo , Zayas Beatriz
Published: July 2017

Objectives:

The present study evaluates novel cationic quinoline derivatives known as benzimidazo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts (BQS) named NBQ-48 and ABQ-48 that have structural similarities to known anti-cancer substances such as ellipticine and berberine.

Methods:

Toledo human lymphoma (ATCC CRL2631) cells were treated for 24 to 48 hours. Apoptosis related endpoints such as cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial damage, RNS and ROS generation and the activity of several apoptosis related proteins such as caspases and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were studied using fluorescence staining and western blot respectively.

Results:

Results indicated a higher toxicity from the amino substituted ABQ-48 versus the NBQ-48 (GI50’s of 50uM versus 100uM respectively). Both compounds induced cell death through various apoptosis related endpoints including a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential with an increase in ROS and activation of the effector caspase 3. Interestingly, AIF release was observed on cells treated with the amino substituted ABQ-48 but not on the nitro substituted NBQ-48 samples suggesting a caspase independent mechanism for ABQ-48.

Conclusions:

The results obtained presents the toxic effects of two novel benzimidazo[3,2-a]quinolinium salts in human lymphoma tumor cells. The identified mechanism of action includes multiple apoptosis related effects. Furthermore the data presents a clear variation in caspase dependent or independent mechanism for each compound.
Causes and Timing of Maternal Death in Mizan – Tepi University Teaching and Bonga General Hospital from 2011 – 2015: A Case Control Study and Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Dadi Tegene Legese , Mihirete Kebadnew Mulatu , Welegebriel Tensay Kahsay
Published: July 2017

Background:

Death of women during pregnancy, delivery and within 6 weeks of postpartum can threaten the survival of the entire family. Even though our country reduces the maternal death, still the number of death that occurs is high as WHO maternal death classification. So the need of further study is unquestionable to identify cause and timing of maternal death.

Methods:

A case control study on 595 charts, 119 cases and 476 controls was conducted in MTU teaching & Bonga general hospital. Data was analyzed by STATA 13.1. Propensity score matching analysis was used to see causes. Confidence interval of 95% was used to see the precision and the level of significance of p value =<0.05.

Result:

Most death (74.8%) occurred during post-partum period. Only 17.6% of women died in Intrapartum period. The major causes of maternal death in the study area were hemorrhage 47.9% (β =0.58 (95% CI (0.28, 0.87)) in hospital but when projected to population based on our sample (β =0.26 (95% CI (0.22, 0.31)). Infection 36 (25.21%) (β = 0.50 (95% CI (0.08, 0.92))..

Conclusion:

Most of the women died in post-partum period particularly within three days. Hemorrhage was the leading cause of death.
Development, Testing and Validation of Instrument to Measure Penetration Resistance on SOIL
Authors: Furriel Geovanne Pereira
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this work is present the development of automatic instrument for measuring soil compaction through the penetration resistance. Commonly, this measurement is performed by load cells. In the proposed methodology and apparatus, the penetration resistance is directly measured by the current applied to the motor that performs penetration of the rod into the soil. The collected data are stored in data logger and further processed in order to enable analysis and the generation of maps of the surface with soil compaction values. The presented results indicate greater precision and control of the fundamental parameters of data acquisition.
A stakeholder-informed randomized, controlled comparative effectiveness study of an order prescribing intervention to improve colony stimulating factor use for cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy: the TrACER study
Authors: Bansal Aasthaa , Sullivan Sean D , Hershman Dawn L , Lyman Gary H , Barlow William E , McCune Jeannine S , Ramsey Scott D
Published: July 2017

Colony stimulating factors (CSF) are widely prescribed to avoid febrile neutropenia (FN) among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, but studies show their use is often not consistent with practice guidelines. In addition, there is limited high quality evidence assessing benefits and harms of primary prophylactic-CSF (PP-CSF) in the setting of chemotherapy that poses an intermediate risk of FN. To address these issues, with funding from the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and the National Cancer Institute's Community Oncology Research Program, SWOG is sponsoring a prospective, cluster randomized controlled pragmatic trial of an automated order entry protocol for PP-CSF among patients with breast, lung and colorectal cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, with a nested randomized controlled trial of PP-CSF for patients receiving intermediate risk chemotherapy. Primary outcomes include adherence to practice guidelines, overall rates of FN and rates of FN among persons receiving intermediate risk chemotherapy. The study, the first pragmatic trial in the National Cancer Institute's cancer cooperative clinical trials network, will provide critical evidence to inform physician and patient decision-making around PP-CSF use and practice policies regarding automated orders in cancer components.
Patient-relevant outcomes associated with generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: a pilot study
Authors: Marimuthu Sathiya Priya , Iyer Geetha , Segal Jodi B , Singh Sonal
Published: July 2017

Aim:
Patient-reported outcomes associated with adverse events (AEs) reported with generics have not been evaluated. To map AEs associated with generics to the NIH Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.
Methods:
We mapped 381 AEs from 148 case reports of generic tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine to the physical, mental and social domain of the NIH Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System after reviewing 1237 case reports in the US FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS; 2011–2013).
Results:
75%, 76% and 71% reports were classified under the physical domain for tamsulosin, levothyroxine and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine, while 9%, 9% and 18% reports were classified under the mental domain, respectively.
Conclusion:
FAERS reveals several domains of patient-relevant concerns associated with generic drugs.
Evidence of dynamic visual acuity impairment in asymptomatic mixed martial arts fighters
Authors: Landers Merrill R , Donatelli Robert , Nash Jennifer , Bascharon Randa
Published: July 2017

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of visual acuity loss with head movement in actively training mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters. Methods: Vestibulo-ocular reflex function of 22 asymptomatic, male MMA fighters (age = 29.2 ± 5.1) was assessed by taking the difference between static visual acuity and the dynamic visual acuity test, in both yaw and pitch planes. Results: The mean static visual acuity testing logMAR was -0.173 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.114). Mean dynamic visual acuity test values decreased with head movement to 0.196 logMAR (SD = 0.103) in yaw; p < 0.001, and to 0.283 logMAR (SD = 0.133) in pitch; p < 0.001. Conclusion: MMA fighters had a decay, beyond normal ranges, in visual acuity during head movement. These decreases may suggest vestibulo-ocular reflex impairment and were unrelated to self-reported concussion history. These results should be cautiously interpreted since there was not a control group.
O encontro com o poder salvífico de Deus na pessoa de Jesus: aproximações hermenêuticas sobre o duplo relato de curas em Marcos
Authors: Correia Júnior João Luiz
Published: July 2017

O mercado religioso, em virtude da forte demanda por curas imediatas, por meio de milagres, continua em franco desenvolvimento. Mas uma pergunta se faz necessária:será que o sagrado oferecido é realmente capaz de libertar as pessoas de seus males físicos, mentais e espirituais? Nessa perspectiva, abre-se espaço para uma fecunda análise dessefenômeno que se observa em toda parte, ao longo dos séculos, inclusive dentro da religião cristã, sobretudo em tempos de crise. O presente artigo tem como objetivo ir à fonte da experiência cristã para buscar interpretar um duplo relato de curas milagrosas protagonizadas por Jesus no Evangelho de Marcos (5.21-43). Para tanto, desenvolve-se aqui uma reflexão crítica, na perspectiva literária e hermenêutica, com o intuito de dar uma contribuição aodebate em torno do tema na perspectiva bíblico-teológica.
Treatment of tibial shaft fractures with Mitkovic type external fixation: Analysis of 100 patients
Authors: Bozovic Aleksandar , Grbic Rade , Milovic Dragisa , Elek Zlatan , Petrovic Dusan , Jaksic Ljubomir , Radojevic Goran
Published: July 2017

Introduction/Objective. Tibial shaft fractures (TSF) are one of the most common fractures. External fixation (EF) may be used to treat TSF. The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment of TSF with Mitkovic EF. Methods. The study included 100 patients with TSF treated with Mitkovic EF as the primary and definite method of treatment. The results are compared to those in the literature. Results. The patient group comprised 67% male and 33% female patients aged 10?71years. TSF is common in adult males in the fourth and fifth decades of life. The most common cause is falling with the twisting of the leg (59%). Closed fractures were observed in 76 patients (57.4% of type A AO, 25.4% of type B AO, and 17.1% of type C AO), and open fractures in 34 patients (50% of type I GA, 32.35% of type II GA, and 17.64% of type III GA). The average time period from injury to surgery was 2.5 days (the range being 4 hours to 9 days). Bone healing was achieved in 93% of patients. The average healing time was 18.4 weeks (the range being 11?32 weeks). The distribution of complications is as follows: 10% for minor pin site infections; 4% for major pin site infections; 6% for nonunion; 1% for acute respiratory distress syndrome; 2% for osteitis. There was no deep vein thrombosis nor neurovascular damage. EuroQol score was excellent in 82% of the patients. Conclusion. Mitkovic EF can be used for treating all types of TSF. Functional results of treatment by this method are excellent. The data analysis of the series does not differ from the data in the literature.
Organized Labor and Audit Fees
Authors: Cheng Lin , Mitra Santanu , Song Hakjoon
Published: July 2017

SYNOPSIS

This study investigates the empirical relationship between organized labor and audit fees. We find that audit fees are negatively related to the firm-level unionization rate—the higher the unionization rate, the lower the audit fees. We further observe that the unionized firms are less likely to hire Big 4 or industry-specialist auditors. Additional analyses show that the negative relationship between the firm-level unionization rate and audit fees is significantly attenuated for unionized firms with poor financial performance. Our results are consistent with unionized firms preferring less audit scrutiny, which helps them maintain information asymmetry with the labor unions. The study facilitates our understanding of firms' demand for audit services and the consequential effect on audit fees when faced with strong organized labor, and adds to the extant literature investigating the impact of organized labor on various aspects of firms' financial reporting decisions.

JEL Classifications: M41; M42.

Data Availability: Data used in the analyses are obtained from public sources described in the text.
Do Career Concerns Affect the Delay of Bad News Disclosure?
Authors: Baginski Stephen P. , Campbell John L. , Hinson Lisa A. , Koo David S.
Published: July 2017

Theory argues that career concerns (i.e., concerns about the impact of current performance on contemporaneous and future compensation) encourage managers to withhold bad news disclosure. However, empirical evidence regarding the extent to which a manager's career concerns are associated with a delay in bad news disclosure is limited. Across multiple proxies for career concerns, we find that the extent to which managers delay bad news is positively associated with their level of career concerns. Then, we hand-collect data on a compensation contract that firms use to reduce CEOs' career concerns (i.e., ex ante severance pay agreements). We find that if managers receive a sufficiently large payment in the event of dismissal, they no longer delay the disclosure of bad news. Overall, our findings support prior theoretical evidence that managers delay bad news disclosure due to career concerns and suggest a mechanism through which firms can mitigate the delay.

JEL Classifications: M12; M41.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Information Asymmetry and the Bond Coupon Choice
Authors: Amiram Dan , Kalay Alon , Kalay Avner , Ozel N. Bugra
Published: July 2017

We examine the role of the coupon choice in bond contracts as a signaling mechanism in the presence of information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders about the credit quality of the borrower. Prior literature focuses on the use of maturity as a signaling mechanism. We conjecture that the coupon is a more effective signaling mechanism. We exploit the enactment of Regulation Fair Disclosure (RegFD) as an exogenous shock to the level of information asymmetry, and employ both bond- and equity market-based variables of information asymmetry to test our conjecture. We find that following the enactment of RegFD, the coupon rates of bonds issued by unrated firms increase relatively more than those of rated firms, consistent with the coupon choice addressing information asymmetry. We fail to find similar increases in maturity. Our inferences remain the same when using the probability of informed trade to measure relative changes in information asymmetry around the enactment of RegFD. We also draw similar conclusions utilizing exogenous drops in analyst coverage that result from brokerage house closures as an alternative quasi-natural experiment. Finally, we provide evidence that the coupon is used more extensively when issuance costs are higher, precisely when maturity is predicted to be a less efficient contract term with which to address information asymmetry.

JEL Classifications: G10; G23; M21; M41.
Managing Risk in a Poor Economy: The Association between Economic Conditions and Risk Tolerance and Its Implications for Practice
Authors: Bagley Penelope L. , Dorminey Jack W. , Reed Tracy N.
Published: July 2017

An academic study by Bagley, Dorminey, McSwain, and Reed (2016) regarding the association between economic activity and an auditor's response to risk was recently published, highlighting auditors' willingness to accept higher levels of risk to retain clients in challenging economic times without an appropriate adjustment to audit fees. Given that business cycles are a fact, auditors need to understand how they respond to increases in risk during a poor economy in ways other than increasing fees or resigning from audit engagements, neither of which is necessarily optimal to do during economic downturns. This paper summarizes Bagley et al. (2016) and provides alternative strategies firms can utilize to mitigate risk, regardless of economic conditions.
Management of Financial Performance Measures: Evidence from Private Colleges and Universities
Authors: Burgstahler David C. , Sawers Kimberly M.
Published: July 2017

This study examines the incentives for private colleges and universities (PCUs) related to financial reporting choices for net appreciation on endowments. Under current accounting standards, in the absence of explicit donor restrictions, PCUs are permitted to classify net appreciation as either unrestricted, which increases measures of operating performance, or as restricted, which constrains future actions but may also improve perceptions of various stakeholders. We analyze incentives related to four stakeholder groups (lending institutions, faculty/staff, students/parents, and donors) and find that incentives are significant determinants of the net appreciation reporting choice for PCUs.

JEL Classifications: M4; I21; I22.
Correlation between the position of hyoid bone and subregions of the pharyngeal airway space in lateral cephalometry and cone beam computed tomography
Authors: da Costa Eliana Dantas , Roque-Torres Gina Delia , Brasil Danieli Moura , Bóscolo Frab Noberto , de Almeida Solange Maria , Ambrosano Glaucia Maria Bovi
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To correlate the pharyngeal airway subregions with the positioning of the hyoid bone.

Material and Methods:

The study examined 107 lateral cephalometric (LC) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Linear and volumetric measurements of the pharyngeal subregions were made and correlated to linear measurements using hyoid triangle analysis on images of LC and multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of CBCT.

Results:

There was significant correlation between linear measurements of the pharyngeal subregions and hyoid bone position in LC images and in MPR and 3D reconstructions of the CBCT. Correlations were more frequent in the oropharynx and hypopharynx, especially for LC images. No correlations were observed between LC images or CBCT reconstructions and the volumetric measurements of the pharyngeal subregions and the position of the hyoid bone.

Conclusion:

The hyoid bone position showed more correlations with oropharynx and hypopharynx airway measurements. The hyoid triangle method was not applicable to 3D images, since it showed a smaller number of measures correlated to the hyoid bone position.
Niobium pentoxide phosphate invert glass as a mineralizing agent in an experimental orthodontic adhesive
Authors: Altmann Alinne Segatto Pires , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo , Balbinot Gabriela de Souza , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Takimi Antonio Shigueaki , Samuel Susana Maria Werner
Published: July 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to develop an experimental orthodontic adhesive and evaluate how adding phosphate invert glass containing niobium pentoxide (PIG-Nb) affected the adhesive's properties.

Material and Methods:

PIG-Nb was added at 1, 2.5, and 5 wt% to experimental adhesive (75 wt% bisphenol A methacrylate [BisGMA], 25 wt% triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [TEGDMA], 5 wt% colloidal silica and photoinitiator system). The adhesives were evaluated for mineral deposition, degree of conversion (DC), softening solvent by Knoop microhardness (KNH) variation, pH changes, and shear bond strength (SBS). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (DC and ΔKHN%), two-way ANOVA (SBS), repeated measures ANOVA (pH), and paired test (KNH1 and KNH2) were used at a significance level of P < .05.

Results:

Adding PIG-Nb to orthodontic adhesives induced deposition on its surface associated with a constant neutral pH. The SBS increased after immersion in artificial saliva, and the PIG-Nb5 exhibited less softening.

Conclusion:

The addition of PIG-Nb into orthodontic adhesives induced mineral deposition. Experimental orthodontic adhesive containing 5% wt of PIG-Nb exhibited increased mineral deposition and suitable properties for orthodontic applications.
Cardiac Stress and Inflammatory Markers as Predictors of Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The ADVANCE Trial
Authors: Ohkuma Toshiaki , Jun Min , Woodward Mark , Zoungas Sophia , Cooper Mark E. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Hamet Pavel , Mancia Giuseppe , Williams Bryan , Welsh Paul , Sattar Naveed , Shaw Jonathan E. , Rahimi Kazem , Chalmers John
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE

This study examined the individual and combined effect of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and hs-CRP on the prediction of heart failure incidence or progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A nested case-cohort study was conducted in 3,098 participants with type 2 diabetes in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial.

RESULTS

A higher value of each biomarker was significantly associated with a higher risk of heart failure incidence or progression, after adjustment for major risk factors. The hazard ratios per 1-SD increase were 3.06 (95% CI 2.37, 3.96) for NT-proBNP, 1.50 (1.27, 1.77) for hs-cTnT, 1.48 (1.27, 1.72) for IL-6, and 1.32 (1.12, 1.55) for hs-CRP. The addition of NT-proBNP to the model including conventional risk factors meaningfully improved 5-year risk-predictive performance (C statistic 0.8162 to 0.8800; continuous net reclassification improvement [NRI] 73.1%; categorical NRI [<5%, 5–10%, >10% 5-year risk] 24.2%). In contrast, the addition of hs-cTnT, IL-6, or hs-CRP did not improve the prediction metrics consistently in combination or when added to NT-proBNP.

CONCLUSIONS

Only NT-proBNP strongly and consistently improved the prediction of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes beyond a wide range of clinical risk factors and biomarkers.
Síndrome de Sjögren y ultrasonido
Authors: Wong Lam Antonio , Hernández Díaz Cristina , Ventura Ríos Lucio , Campozano Vásquez Karla , Pineda Villaseñor Carlos
Published: July 2017

El síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad autoinmune crónica que afecta principalmente a las glándulas salivales y lacrimales produciendo un estado de sequedad de mucosas. Se genera un estado de proliferación linfoplasmocítico en las glándulas exócrinas que conlleva a un estado de deterioro progresivo hasta su afuncionalidad. Su prevalencia es de 0.05 a 0.7% de la población general, siendo el género femenino el más afectado. Los criterios de clasificación realizados en el 2002 por Vitali y Cols, son los que con mayor frecuencia se usan en una consulta externa de reumatología; sin embargo, la aplicación de algunos de estos criterios no siempre es posible debido a algunas limitantes, como la biopsia de glándula salival, sialografía por contraste o centellografía de glándula salival. El uso del ultrasonido de glándula salival es una alternativa válida que aporta en la evaluación del paciente sospechoso de síndrome de Sjögren, herramienta de fácil acceso, no iónica, poco tiempo, evaluación en tiempo real y dinámica. Se propone en esta revisión su uso como alternativa y/o adyuvante al resto de herramientas de evaluación descritas en la literatura
Embolización versus clipaje microquirúrgico en aneurismas cerebrales de circulación anterior.
Authors: Burgos Morales Martha Natalia , Sánchez Aguirre Priscila Gisselle , Sarmiento Bobadilla Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: determinar el mejor procedimiento para el tratamiento de aneurismas cerebrales de circulación anterior, entre embolización y clipaje microquirúrgico, en términos de mortalidad y complicaciones. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte, retroprospectivo de pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea por ruptura de aneurismas de circulación anterior; tratados mediante embolización o clipaje microquirúrgico en varios hospitales de Guayaquil, entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 31 de noviembre de 2011. Resultados: se incluyó 58 pacientes sometidos a embolización y 43 sometidos a clipaje. Se hallaron 113 aneurismas, localizados principalmente en la arteria comunicante posterior (39 %, n=24). En lo que refiere a mortalidad, fallecieron 10 % (n=6) de los pacientes embolizados y 14 % (n=6) de los clipados; el riesgo relativo (RR) fue 0.71, la reducción de riesgo relativo (RRR) fue 25,86 % y la reducción absoluta del riesgo (RAR) fue 3,96 % (IC95 %: 0.213-2.38, p=0.57). Las complicaciones transoperatorias se presentaron en 3,54 % (n=4) del total de pacientes, siendo éstas la migración del dispositivo de embolización y la ruptura del aneurisma. Las complicaciones posoperatorias fueron infección, convulsiones y resangrado; presentándose en 6% (n=7) de los casos. El RR para complicaciones fue 0.24, RRR= 75,29 % y RAR= 15,76 % (IC95 %: 0.059-0.961, p=0.032), favoreciendo a los pacientes embolizados. Conclusión: la embolización presenta menor riesgo de complicaciones frente al clipaje de aneurismas de circulación anterior en pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea por ruptura aneurismática; sin embargo, no existen diferencias significativas en relación a mortalidad entre ambos procedimientos
Cardiografía por impedancia en la evaluación del perfil hemodinámico en la cardiopatía dilatada. Estudio transversal en un hospital público de Ecuador
Authors: Duarte Martínez María Carolina , Peñaherrera Carlos Andres , Peñaherrera Patiño Ernesto
Published: July 2017

Objetivos: describir el perfil hemodinámico de los pacientes del Ecuador con cardiopatía dilatada utilizando el sistema de cardiografía por impedancia, y comparar estos valores con los obtenidos de pacientes sanos. Metodología: 30 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de miocardiopatía dilatada en el Servicio de Cardiología del hospital Luis Vernaza fueron reclutados entre enero y junio de 2015. Fueron excluidos los pacientes con nefropatía crónica, cirrosis hepática o falla cardiaca grado IV de la New York Heart Association. Se midió las variables hemodinámicas mediante cardioimpedancia durante diez minutos. Posteriormente se realizó la misma medición a 30 controles voluntarios sin cardiopatía previa. Se calculó diferencia de medias mediante prueba T de Student y correlación de Pearson para evaluar las mediciones de función sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo. Resultados: la cardiopatía dilatada fue más común en varones (2:1), la principal causa fue la hipertensión crónica (70 %). Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en las variables de volumen latido, índice latido, gasto cardiaco, índice cardiaco y resistencia periférica total; no existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las presiones arteriales, agua corporal total e impedancia basal. El índice Granov-Goor se correlacionó débilmente con la fracción de eyección ventricular. Conclusión: la hipertensión arterial crónica es la principal causa de cardiopatía dilatada en nuestro medio. Estos pacientes tienen disminuidos los patrones hemodinámicos de bomba cardiaca (disfunción sistólica), y aumentada la resistencia periférica total, como cabría esperarse. La cardioimpedancia es un método eficaz, cómodo y no invasivo en el abordaje de las patologías cardiovasculares.
“La variante en el Romancero manuscrito e impreso del siglo XVI: pautas en la corrección de copistas, impresores y autores”
Authors: Higashi Alejandro
Published: July 2017

Fecha de recepción: 17 de abril de 2012.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de febrero de 2013. La revisión de algunas de las estrategias de variación ligadas al Romancero del siglo XVI comprueba que dichas estrategias compositivas se encontraban repartidas entre varios actores que participaban de los procesos de producción y transmisión del Romancero, desde el autor mismo, hasta compiladores, impresores y otros intermediarios, lo que dificulta la clasificación de las variantes en variantes de autor y variantes de compilador, impresor, etc. El tipo de variación al que se sometían los romances, con independencia de su origen, sigue pautas semejantes (respeto a los ejes léxico, sintagmático, esticomítico y prosódico; límites en la afectación de la estructura narrativa), lo que expone ciertos prejuicios comunes como el de la superioridad estética de las variantes de autor vs. las variantes de los transmisores, en un proceso creador donde la clave parece estar en la colaboración más que en el genio independiente de un autor y en el control sobre su obra.
Eugenio de Salazar, Suma del arte de la poesía. Ed. crít. de Martha Lilia Tenorio. El Colegio de México, México, 2010; 215 pp.
Authors: González Molina Óscar Javier
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro:Suma del arte de la poesía.
Carlos García (ed.), Discreta efusión. Jorge Luis Borges y Alfonso Reyes. Epistolario (1923-1959) y crónica de una amistad. Bonilla Artigas-El Colegio de México, México, 2010.
Authors: Cajero Vázquez Antonio
Published: July 2017

Se reseña el libro:Discreta efusión. Jorge Luis Borges y Alfonso Reyes. Epistolario (1923-1959) y crónica de una amistad.
DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE RAFT FORMING STAVUDINE TABLETS
Authors: Rupavath Mahendar , Patnaik K. S. K Rao
Published: July 2017

The objective of the present investigation was to identify a suitable raft forming agent and to develop raft forming stavudine matrix tablets using different rate controlling natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic polymers to achieve prolonged gastric residence time, leading to an increase in drug bioavailability and patient compliance. Various raft forming agents were used in preliminary screening. Raft forming floating tablets were developed using pullulan gum as natural rate controlling polymer, and directly compressible grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Benecel K4M DC) as semi synthetic, and Carbopol 71G as synthetic rate controlling polymers respectively and optimum concentrations of sodium-bicarbonate as gas generating agent to generate optimum buoyancy by direct compression method. Raft forming tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro drug release, floating buoyancy and raft strength. Drug-excipients compatibility study showed no interaction between drug and excipients. Raft forming tablets showed satisfactory results when evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, and raft strength. The optimized formulation was selected based on physicochemical characteristics and in vitro drug dissolution characteristics. Further, the optimized formulation was evaluated for in vivo radiographic studies by incorporating BaSO4 as radio opaque substance. Optimized formulation showed controlled and prolonged drug release profiles while floating and raft formation over the dissolution medium. Diffusion followed by erosion with raft forming drug release mechanism was observed for the formulation, indicating that dissolution media diffusion and polymer erosion played an essential role in drug release. In vivo radiographic studies revealed that the raft forming formulations remained in the stomach for 240 ± 30 min in rabbits and indicated that gastric retention time was increased by the floating and raft forming principle, which was considered and desirable for absorption window drugs.