bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Double Elevator Palsy: Vertical Saccadic Velocity Utilizing the Scleral Search Coil Technique
Authors: Ziffer Anne J , Rosenbaum Arthur L , Demer Joseph L , Yee Robert D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Four patients with congenital double elevator palsy were studied who had clinically brisk elevation of the affected eye from downgaze to the midline position of rest, but severely limited or absent elevation above primary position. Forced auction tests were negative and Bell's phenomenon was present preoperative^ in all patients. To clarify why upgaze saccades clinically seemed intact below but not above midline, vertical saccadic velocities were measured using the scleral search coil technique. The tracings of three cases suggest sufficient superior rectus function to generate a normal upward saccadic trajectory. A supranuclear lesion is the most likely etiology of the inability to elevate the eye well above primary position in these three patients. In a fourth patient, the reduced ability to elevate the affected eye above primary position is caused by a superior rectus paresis with decreased upward saccadic velocities. We suggest at least three distinct groups of patients present clinically as double elevator palsy: primary inferior rectus restriction, primary superior rectus paresis or palsy, and congenital supranuclear elevation deficiency.
Surgery in the Prism Adaptation Study: Accuracy and Dose Response
Authors: Repka Michael X , Connett John E , Baker John D , Rosenbaum Arthur L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Three hundred twenty-two patients underwent strabismus surgery for acquired esotropia according to a rigid protocol in the Prism Adaptation Study (PAS). This report describes the PAS surgical technique and the methods used to evaluate and assure adherence to the surgical protocol. We present analyses of the discrepancies between the amount of recession surgery planned by the surgeon and the amount of recession estimated by the masked graders from documentary photographs. In 74% of patients, the total discrepancy (combined from both medial rectus operations) was 1 mm or less. There was a distinct trend for masked graders to estimate larger recession amounts than were dictated by the protocol and claimed to be done by the surgeon. In 24% of patients, the masked graders estimated that the recession was more than 1 mm greater than that claimed by the surgeon, while in 2%, the graders estimated that the surgery was more than 1 mm less than planned. Of the 74 patients for whom the graders' estimated total recession was more than 1 mm greater than the amount planned by the surgeon, 88% were successful. Of the six patients for whom the graders' estimated total recession was more than 1 mm less than the amount planned by the surgeon, five (83%) were successful. We propose new surgical tables for patients with acquired esotropia. Enhanced amounts of recession appear to be necessary to decrease the rate of undercorrection for each group of patients.
A Mydriatic Eye-Drop Combination Without Systemic Effects for Premature Infants: A Prospective Double-Blind Study
Authors: Bolt Bruno , Benz Bernadette , Koerner Fritz , Bossi Emilio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Eye drops used for diagnostic mydriasis may produce systemic side effects in preterm infants. Studies on the pupil dilating and systemic effect of various mydriatic agents yielded conflicting results.

We conducted a prospective randomized double-blind study on the systemic effect of two mydriatic eye-drop combinations. Thirty-nine preterm infants were randomly assigned to two groups. An eye-drop combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide (group D) was compared with the combination of 0.5% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide (group F). Either eye-drop combination was followed by 0.5% tropicamide given 20 minutes later. Heart rate (HR) and the systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were recorded before and after eye-drop instillation and after ophthalmoscopy. A control session with NaCI eye drops was added for each infant

A significant increase of BP and HR peak values was observed within 7 to 10 minutes after the cyclopentolate/ tropicamide combination only. On the other hand, the mydriatic effect of the phenylephrine/tropicamide combination was significantly superior to that of the cyclopentolate/tropicamide combination. We recommend the combination of 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide to achieve a sufficient diagnostic mydriasis without systemic side effects in preterm infants.
The Optic Disc in Leber Congenital Amaurosis
Authors: J Sullivan Timothy , Lambert Scott R , Buncic J Raymond , Musarella Maria A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The typical fundus appearance in Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in infancy is normal. Later in childhood, clinical heterogeneity develops and a variety of fundal abnormalities may be seen. These commonly include optic atrophy, retinal arteriolar attenuation, and a variety of pigmentary changes. We retrospectively reviewed the optic disc findings of 77 patients with LCA whom we had examined to confirm our clinical impression that the optic discs are frequently normal. Age at examination ranged from infancy to the fourth decade. The optic discs were normal in 53 (69%) of the 77 patients examined; 18 (23%) had varying degrees of optic atrophy; 2 (3%), pseudopapilledema; and 1 (1%), grey discs. The optic discs could not be seen in 3 (4%) patients. We conclude that the optic discs are frequently normal in appearance, even in older patients with LCA.
Is the Phakic Eye Normal in Monocular Pediatric Aphakia?
Authors: Summers C Gail , Letson Robert D
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

This retrospective review of 97 pediatrie patients who underwent monocular surgery for congenital or developmental cataracts studied the incidence of abnormafities in the contralateral phakic eye. Fifty-nine percent of patients had a normal phakic eye. However, 40 patients showed at least one abnormality in the phakic eye: reduced vision (21%), nystagmus (19%), cataract (15%), tris heterochromia (9%), myopia (6%), microphthalmos (6%), pupillary miosis (2%), congenital glaucoma (2%), optic nerve abnormality (2%), aniridia (1%), and cornea! opacity (1%). Not all abnormalities were detected at the time of diagnosis of the contralateral cataract. The more significant findings of reduced vision and nystagmus in the phakic eye were usually detected postoperatively, often several months after the optimum time for treatment of pediatrie cataracts. We suggest that monocular cataract surgery not be delayed. This will allow the best vision to be obtained for the aphakic eye, as the "sound eye" may not always be normal in monocular pediatrie aphakia.
Aggressive Behavior in Long-Term Care
Authors: Winger Jean , Schirm Victoria , Stewart Dolores
Published: April 2021

As staff and others withdraw from aggressive patients, the result can lead to an increase in the patient's disorientation and frustration, and lowering of self-esteem.
Optical Lamellar Keratoplasty Using the Barraquer Microkeratome
Authors: Haimovici Robert , Culbertson William W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The Barraquer microkeratome may be used to cut donor and host lenticules for lamellar keratoplasty. Eleven eyes of nine patients with visually symptomatic anterior corneal opacification underwent optical lamellar keratoplasty using this technique. In three eyes, this was combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Preoperatively, four patients had anterior stromal scars in the visual axis. There were three patients with Reis-Bückler, and two with granular corneal dystrophy. Postoperatively, visual acuity improved in ten eyes and was unchanged in one. We conclude that the Barraquer microkeratome facilitates lamellar keratoplasty and may be successfully combined with extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Optical lamellar keratoplasty may be an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty in selected patients with localized anterior corneal opacification. [Refractive and Corneal Surgery 1991;7:42-45.]
The Response of the Corneal Endothelium to Intraocular Surgery
Authors: Liesegang Thomas J
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: The corneal endothelium is affected by age, disease, and intraocular surgery. With age, the endothelial cell density decreases linearly, the hexagonal pattern is less common, and there is an increased variation in cell size and shape. There are primary and secondary endotheliopathies in elderly patients which further compromise the endothelial reserve. Intraocular surgery causes cell loss in the superior cornea which requires a transformation and migration of endothelial cells from the central and inferior cornea. Although a stable endothelial mosaic is reestablished in most corneas, some maintain a bizarre endothelial appearance which is correlated with continued cell loss. Intraocular surgery causes an acute cell loss as well as a chronic cell loss which is greater than the normal attrition due to aging. There are many variables in predicting future corneal edema; longitudinal observation of endothelial cell loss may be the best prognosticator. [Refractive and Corneal Surgery 1991;7:81-86.]
Lamellar Keratoplasty With the Barraquer Microkeratome
Authors: Hanna Khalil D , David Thierry , Besson Jeanine , Pouliquen Yves
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Lamellar keratoplasty was performed in 17 eyes: 6 with corneal opacities following epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, 3 with herpes keratitis, 2 with anterior corneal dystrophies, and 6 others. The Barraquer microkeratome was used for the resection in both the host and the donor. A technique is described to correct major disparities in diameter between the bed and the donor disc. In eyes with vision limited only by corneal diseases (11), the best postoperative spectacle corrected visual acuity was 20/25; the mean postoperative spectacle corrected visual acuity for the 11 eyes was 20/40. (Refract Corneal Surg 1991;7:177-181.)
Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Overcorrection After Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Portellinha Waldir , Nakano Kozo , Oliveira Marivaldo , Simocelli Rosangela
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy.

METHODS: Twenty eyes had LASEK for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy. All eyes were treated using the Nidek excimer laser (EC-5000) and the Hansatome microkeratome with a 905-mm ring and 180-mm plate. Hyperopic correction was done using a 5.5 to 7.5-mm ablation zone.

RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +3.44 ± 1.25 D (range, +0.88 to +6.00 D). Postoperatively, all eyes achieved a reduction in hyperopia. At follow-up (range, ß to 24 mo), mean refraction was -0.66 ± 1.00 D (range, -2.25 to +1.50 D). At the last examination, 11 eyes (55%) were within ±0.50 D, 16 eyes (80%) were within ±1.00 D, and 19 eyes (95%) were within ±2.00 D of emmetropia. In terms of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, 10 eyes (50%) saw 20/20 or better, 16 eyes (80%) saw 20/25 or better, and 18 eyes (90%) saw 20/40 or better. Regarding loss and gain of visual acuity lines, 11 eyes (55%) lost no lines, 2 eyes (10%) lost more than 2 lines, 1 eye (5%) lost 2 lines, 3 eyes (15%) lost 1 line, 1 eye (5%) gained 1 line, and 2 eyes (10%) gained 2 lines of visual acuity. Keratometric power increased from a preoperative mean of 37.32 ± 2.44 D (range, 33.80 to 43.13 D) to a postoperative mean of 39.64 ± 1.81 D (range, 37.42 to 43.74 D). Complications included 4 eyes with incisions that opened without any risk to the patient and in 2 eyes, epithelium ingrowth occurred in the interface.

CONCLUSION: LASBK for induced hyperopia after radial keratotomy is safe and effective, without vision-threatening complications. [J Refract Surg 2000;16(suppl):S253-S256]
Decreased Tear Secretion After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for High Myopia
Authors: Aras Cengiz , Ozdamar Akif , Bahcecioglu Halil , Karacorlu Murat , Sener Bozkurt , Ozkan Sehirbay
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in tear secretion and tear film stability after excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for high myopia.

METHODS: One eye of 28 patients underwent unilateral LASIK for the correction of myopia with spherical equivalent refractions ranging from -6.37 to -18.25 D (mean, -11.98 ± 3.45 D). Schirmer tear test values without anesthesia at 5 minutes and tear break-up time values were measured 4 weeks after LASIK. Unoperated contralateral eyes were used as a control for each patient. The Schirmer tear test and tear break-up time values were analyzed statistically using the independent f-test.

RESULTS: The mean Schirmer tear test value was 16.17 ± 2.50 mm in the operated eyes and 21.07 ± 7.03 mm in the unoperated (control) eyes of the same patients (P - .001). The mean tear break-up time value was 21.0 ± 3.55 seconds in the operated eyes and 21.27 ± 6.79 seconds in the control eyes (P = .85).

CONCLUSION: Tear secretion decreased following LASIK probably due to decrease in corneal sensitivity, but tear film stability appeared unaltered. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:362-364]
Clinical Experience With the Tscherning Aberrometer
Authors: Kaemmerer Maik , Mrochen Michael , Mierdel Peter , Krinke Hans-Eberhard , Seiler Theo
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: With the aberrometer based on Tscherning's principle, measurements of wavefront aberrations of human eyes with high accuracy and reproducibility are available for standard diagnostic investigations.

METHODS: During investigational and clinical trials, wavefront-aberrations of about 300 human eyes were measured and evaluated within the last few years.

RESULTS: measurements are presented in terms of Zernike coefficients and as height maps that can be converted directly to ablation profiles for wavefront-guided laser treatments.

CONCLUSION: The Tscherning aberrometer is a simple optical device with high accuracy appropriate for routine clinical investigations on optical aberrations of the human eye. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:S584-S5871
Oxygenation and Vasodilatation in Relation to Diabetic and Other Proliferative Retinopathies
Authors: Stefansson Einar , Landers Maurice B , Wolbarsht Myron L
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY

The features of proliferative retinopathies are reviewed with reference to the vasodilatation that is a common stage in their pathogenesis. Vasodilatation in the retina is discussed in terms of a model in which vessel wall stretch in the retinal venules leads to leakage and proliferation. The beneficial effects of treatments such as panretinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy on the retinal hemodynamics are shown to agree with the hypothetical model.
A Neodymium-YAG Endolaser
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Conway Mandi D , Ganti Shashi , Viherkoski Esa
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY

We used a CW-YAG endolaser to photocoagulate the fundus of the rabbit and monkey. We varied the power settings, exposure durations, and probe-retina distances to establish the parameters for threshold and bursting (choroidal hemorrhage)lesions. We found that the amount of energy needed to create a retinal lesion increased proportionally with the distance between the probe and the retina. To produce a choroidal hemorrhage at a given distance required at least four times the power required for a threshold coagulative lesion at the same distance. We also found that we could achieve a strong choroidal reaction without hemorrhage by using the coagulative threshold parameters of power and distance with an increased exposure time. Photocoagulation of the retina using the CW-YAG depended on the presence of melanin.
Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Analysis of Treatment With Peripheral Panretinal Cryotherapy
Authors: Brodell Linda P , Olk R Joseph , Arribas Neva P , Okun Edward , Johnston Glen P , Boniuk Isaac , Escoffery Richard F , Grand M Gilbert , Burgess Dean B , Schoch Lawrence H
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A retrospective analysis of thirty-one eyes in thirty patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or venous occlusive disease was performed. Eyes treated with transconjunctival peripheral panretinal cryotherapy alone, or in combination with limited cyclocryotherapy had improvement or stabilization of visual acuity in 55%, reduction of intraocular pressure in 55%, and stabilization or regression of iris neovascularization in 70% of eyes at 12-14 months post-treatment. Transconjunctival peripheral panretinal cryotherapy alone, or in combination with limited cyclocryotherapy is recommended in the treatment of eyes with NVG and media opacities precluding photocoagulation therapy, or in eyes unresponsive to previous photocoagulation therapy.
Microsurgical Treatment of Lens Capsule Perforations - Part II: Clinical Applications and Results
Authors: Buschmann W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A microsurgical technique using human fibrinogen concentrate for the closure of anterior lens capsule wounds and through-and-through perforations was developed, experimentally tested and clinically applied. I consider here the first consecutive 31 patients treated. All these patients had perforating injuries of the lens and still localized lens damage; they showed no spontaneous healing tendencies.

Successful treatment of lens capsule wounds, where an otherwise clear lens is locally scarred, has been rare. The technique described here was effective in more than 50% of the patients with anterior lens capsule lesions. Removal of degenerated lens cortex matter before fibrinogen application further improved the healing rate. The healing rate was low, however, in through-and-through perforations of the lens when the posterior lesion was not treated at all (of 11 cases, 1 success, 10 traumatic cataracts). It was not much better when the posterior lesion was approached via a basal iridectomy and around the lens equator (of 4 cases, 1 success). But translental fibrinogen application, following the foreign body pathway, together with removal of degenerated cortex matter from the anterior and posterior capsule lesion area, resulted in the prevention of traumatic cataract in all 4 patients treated so far. There were no undesirable local or systemic side-reactions. (Intraocular complications could be avoided by not exceeding the recommended amount of fibrinogen concentrate, 0.01-0.02 ml).

The case histories of 3 patients are shown in three photographs.
Visual Distortion After Myopic Keratomileusis: Computer Analysis of Keratoscope Photographs
Authors: Maguire Leo J , Klyce Stephen D , Sawelson Harold , McDonald Marguerite B , Kaufman Herbert E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A patient experienced marked visual distortion following myopic keratomileusis, despite the presence of a clear graft and an apparently smooth corneal surface. A color coded topographic map of corneal surface power generated by computer analysis of a keratoscope photograph of the operated eye identified a degree of irregular astigmatism and asphericity not readily apparent from simple visual inspection of the keratoscope photograph. Contour map graphics display of corneal surface power is a useful clinical tool in the evaluation of visual distortion complications following myopic keratomileusis.
The Wedge Punctoplasty for Treatment of Punctal Stenosis
Authors: Edelstein Jeffrey , Reiss George
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We describe a new instrument, the Reiss punctal punch, which is specifically designed to perform a "wedge" punctoplasty. The Reiss punctal punch was used alone to treat three eyelids of three patients, and in conjunction with horizontal tightening of the eyelid to treat 35 eyelids of 18 patients with symptomatic epiphora related to punctal ectropion with secondary punctal stenosis. After a mean follow up of 12 months, 36/38 (95%) of the eyelids demonstrated a patent punctum, and symptomatic relief was achieved in 35/38 (92%) of the eyes.
Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation: Anterior Chamber vs Posterior Chamber Lenses
Authors: Lyle W Andrew , Jin Jia-Chi
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We retrospectively studied 348 cases of secondary lens implantation, comparing data obtained from 234 eyes that received anterior chamber intraocular lenses (AC-IOLs) with 114 that received posterior chamber lenses (PC-IOLs), with a mean follow up of 19.5 months (range, 2 to 77 months). Visual acuity was similar in these two groups both before (P = .278) and after surgery (P = .771). Overall, 83% of the eyes had a postoperative acuity of 20/40 or better. In the eyes without preexisting pathology, 93% of those with AC-IOLs and 91% of those with PC-IOLs had this level of postoperative acuity. The incidence of complications in these two groups did not differ significantly. Our study suggests that one-piece flexible open-loop AC-IOLs pose no greater threat than PC-IOLs with respect to visual outcome in secondary implantation. Careful preoperative evaluation of the cornea, retina, and vitreous face will allow selection of the optimum lens style.
Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Management of Glaucoma With Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy
Authors: Agarwal H C , Sandramouli S , Sihota Ramanjit , Sood N N
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We reviewed the records of 16 patients (19 eyes) with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). Scleral pigmentation was present in 12 (63.2%) of these eyes; nevus of Ota in two (10.6%). Combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy was performed in 18 eyes. After a mean follow up of 42 months (range, 1 to 8 years), intraocular pressure was controlled (=≤ 22 mm Hg) in 11 eyes (61.1%), and visual acuity was better than 6/60 in eight. Intraoperative hyphema occurred in four eyes (22.2%); vitreous loss in three (16.7%). Postoperative choroidal detachment occurred in three eyes (16.7%); vitreous hemorrhage in one (5.6%). In all of the cases of repeat surgery (three eyes), postoperative subconjunctival injections of 5-fluorouracil resulted in a diffuse filtering bleb. We conclude that combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy is a promising treatment for patients with SWS with glaucoma.
The Application of the Macular Photocoagulation Study Eligibility Criteria for Laser Treatment in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Gelfand Yuval A , Linn Shai , Miller Benjamin
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application of the Macular Photocoagulation Study eligibility criteria for laser photocoagulation of choroidal neovascularization, in view of the expansion of these criteria in recent years.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors prospectively analyzed 50 eyes of 47 consecutive patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) to determine their suitability for treatment.

* RESULTS: Fifteen eyes (30%) were found to be suitable for laser photocoagulation. Patients eligible for treatment were more likely to have experienced visual symptoms for a month or less (P = .006), to have a visual acuity of 20/200 or better (P =.009), and to be younger in age (P= .02). Visual symptoms experienced for a month or less were more prevalent in extrafoveal exudative lesions compared with the subfoveal type (P=.01)

* CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent advances, laser photocoagulation still can be applied only to a minority of the patients with neovascular AMD. Prompt ocular examination following the onset of visual symptoms is essential.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:823-827.]
Photodynamic Therapy of the Ciliary Body With Tin Ethyl Etiopurpurin and Tin Octaethyl Benzochlorin in Pigmented Rabbits
Authors: Hill Richard A , Crean David H , Doiron Daniel R , Ghosheh Faris , Ryan Julie A , Kelly Heath , Booth Michael , Liaw Lih-Huei , Newman Laurie , Berns Michael W
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The authors used a pigmented rabbit model to investigate two photosensitizers, tin ethyl etiopurpurin (SnET2) and tin octaethyl benzochlorin (BNZ 203), to determine their potential for creating ciliary body injuries during photodynamic therapy (PDT).

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The biodistrib ution of SnET2 (n = 10) and BNZ 203 (n = 9) was studied by fluorescence microscopy using a low light detection system, based on charged-coupled device photography, with digital image processing at 1 and 24 hours after injection. PDT with SnET2 (n = 8; 664 ± 7-nm light; 75 mW/cm2; 50 or 100 J/cm2; 1-mm spot size) and BNZ 203 (n = 6; 689 nm; 75 mW/cm2; 50 or 100 J/cm2; 1-mm spot size) was performed at 24 hours post-injection. The control subjects for SnET2 (n = 5) and BNZ 203 (n = 3) were given a maximal light dose (100 J/cm2).

* RESULTS: Both photosensitizers demonstrated an intravascular distribution at 1 hour that shifted to a ciliary body distribution at 24 hours (SnET2 much greater than BNZ 203). In addition, the SnET2 demonstrated suborgan localization to the nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium. Both photosensitizing agents were able to produce selective injury to the rabbit ciliary body (SnET2 much greater than BNZ 203), with evidence of a small component of thermal damage (SnET2 greater than BNZ 203).

* CONCLUSIONS: PDT with SnET2 or BNZ 203 can produce selective injury to the pigmented rabbit ciliary body. The nonpigmented ciliary body epithelium exhibits selective retention of SnET2. This finding warrants further investigation.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:948-953.]
Preseptal Abscess Formation Following Ocular Cryotherapy for Behçet's Uveitis
Authors: Kiratli Hayyam , Bilgiç Sevgül , Majab S Sadroddin
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 42-year-old man with Behçet's disease developed a rapidly growing mass under his right lower eyelid a week after transconjunctival cryotherapy. He underwent surgical drainage of the mass following imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated the abscess, which did not violate the orbital septum. Cultures from drained material yielded Staphylococcus aureus. He recovered completely with systemic antibiotics. Preseptal abscess may occur as a complication of intense transconjunctival cryotherapy for intraocular disorders, and patients should be followed closely within the first few weeks postoperatively. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:66-68.]
Optical Coherence Tomographie Findings of Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Otsuji Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kanji , Fukushima Ichiro , Uyama Masanobu
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To identify the histological level of abnormal vessels associated with idiopathic polypoídal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV), we examined IPCV with Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients diagnosed with IPCV were examined with Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography and OCT.

* RESULTS: ICG angiography demonstrated branching vascular networks with polypoidal dilatations at the terminals beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). OCT showed dome-like elevation of the RPE, and moderate reflex or nodular appearance were seen beneath the RPE.

* CONCLUSION: The abnormal vessel associated with IPCV is supposed to be choroidal neovascularization with polypoidal dilatations at the terminals between Bruchs membrane and RPE. We consider that this disease is a peculiar form of age-related macular degeneration.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:210-214]
Visual Improvement After Removal of Submacular Exudates in Patients with Diabetic Maculopathy
Authors: Sakuraba Tomoki , Suzuki Yukihiko , Mizutani Hideyuki , Nakazawa Mitsuru
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To improve the central visual function of eyes afFected by massive hard exudates in cases of diabetic maculopathy.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Six eyes of 4 patients with diabetic maculopathy were treated by pars plana vitrectomy for massive retinal exudates persisting for more than 3 months. The massive hard exudates were removed from the subretinal space with subretinal forceps. We evaluated the visual acuity of these eyes 6 months after surgery.

* RESULTS: Following the removal of the hard exudates, visual acuity improved in all eyes. Massive hard exudates were mainly located in the subretinal space and were removable using subretinal forceps. No serious postoperative complications occurred. The removed tissues consisted of macrophages laden with many cholestrin crystals and lipid droplets, as well as fibrous tissues.

* CONCLUSION: We concluded that central visual function can be improved by removing subretinal exudates surgically.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:287-291]
Low-Dose Intraoperative Mitomycin-C Versus Conjunctival Autograft in Primary Pterygium Surgery: Long Term Follow-Up
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Gupta Amit , Ram Jagat , Gupta Amod
Published: April 2021

* PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long term safety and efficacy of low-dose intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (0.02%) with conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 37 consecutive patients 41 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision with either intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) (Group I) or conjunctival autografts (Group II) at random. Mitomycin-C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied for 2.5 minutes on the scleral bed under the conjunctiva. Conjunctival autograft was obtained from upper temporal limbus and secured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 54 months (mean 36 months) for mitomycin-C group and 13 to 58 months (mean 38 months) for conjunctival autograft group.

* RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes underwent pterygium excision with intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) application (Group I) and 20 eyes were treated using conjunctival autograft (Group II). The mean size of the pterygium was 3.80 mm (range 2.6 to 4.8 mm) in the mitomycin-C group and 3.60 mm (range 2.5 to 4.5 mm) in the conjunctival autograft group. Two (9.52%) eyes treated with intraoperative mitomycin-C had delayed epithelial healing of corneoscleral wound and one (4.76%) eye developed pyogenic granuloma. Three (14.3%) of the 21 eyes in Group I and one (5%) of 20 eyes in Group II had recurrence of pterygium (P = 0.3174). All recurrences occurred in patients below 40 years of age (P= 0.0384).

* CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival autograft and intraoperative mitomycin-C are both equally effective adjuncts to primary pterygium surgery on long term follow-up. However, future prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects may be carried out to find out the optimum concentration and duration of intraoperative mitomycin-C application.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:301-307]
Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Retinal Capillary Hemangioma in von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Parmar Dipak N , Mireskandari Kamiar , McHugh Dominic
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Retinal capillary hemangiomas are a common manifestation of von Hippel-Lindau disease. We report the treatment of a peripapillary retinal capillary hemangioma in the left eye of a 30-year-old woman with this condition, using infrared diode laser transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). The hemangioma was evaluated before and after treatment by ophthalmoscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, and Doppler ultrasonography. Infrared diode laser TTT was delivered over 3 sessions during a period of 22 weeks, resulting in an improvement in visual acuity from counting fingers to 6/24 and a marked decrease in exudates surrounding the hemangioma. Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated a decrease in intralesional blood flow from 7 cm per second to less than 3 cm per second, together with a decrease in the size of the lesion. Infrared diode laser TTT provides a useful modality in the treatment of retinal capillary hemangiomas, and may be particularly favorable for peripapillary lesions because of its relatively nondestructive characteristics. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:334-336]
Fractal Dimension Analysis of OCTA Images of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Circular Mass-Radius Method
Authors: Hashmi Shariq , Lopez Jennifer , Chiu Bing , Sarrafpour Soshian , Gupta Akash , Young Joshua
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To quantify fractal dimension (FD) by mass-radius method in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and characterize microvascular differences in eyes with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted using OCTA images of 3 mm × 3 mm and 6 mm × 6 mm scans for superficial and deep capillary plexuses from 49 control eyes and 58 eyes with DR.

RESULTS:

Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the FD of control and diabetic eyes in deep plexus scans, and the 3 mm × 3 mm superficial plexus scan (
P
< .05). In the 3 mm × 3 mm superficial plexus, the FD of severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR) were significantly lower compared to control. The scans of the deep plexus showed only severe NPDR was significantly reduced in the 6 mm × 6 mm scan, whereas moderate NPDR, severe NPDR, and PDR were significantly lower in the 3 mm × 3 mm scan.

CONCLUSION:

The study suggests the use of FD as a measure of microvascular dropout in DR.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:116–122.]
Approximation algorithm for spherical $ k $-means problem with penalty
Authors: Wu Chenchen , Lv Wei , Wang Yujie , Xu Dachuan
Published: April 2021

The \begin{document}$ k $\end{document}-means problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem which has lots of applications in many fields such as machine learning, data mining, etc. We consider a variant of \begin{document}$ k $\end{document}-means problem in the spherical space, that is, spherical \begin{document}$ k $\end{document}-means problem with penalties. In the problem, it is allowable that some nodes in the spherical space can not be clustered by paying some penalty costs. Based on local search scheme, we propose a \begin{document}$ \left(4 (11+4\sqrt{7})+ \epsilon\right) $\end{document}-approximation algorithm using singe-swap operation, where \begin{document}$ \epsilon $\end{document} is a positive constant.
A robust identification method for stochastic nonlinear parameter varying systems
Authors: Morato Marcelo Menezes , Stojanovic Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Successful identification procedures are undoubtedly important for accurate model description and the consequent implementation of control strategies. Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) models are nowadays standard for control design purposes and powerful identification techniques accordingly available. Anyhow, recent advances have brought to focus the class of Nonlinear Parameter Varying (NLPV) models, which keep some nonlinearities embedded to the formulation. Identification tools for this latter class are still not available. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel method for the robust identification of stochastic NLPV systems, considering that the nonlinear parameter part is a priori known and obeys a Lipschitz condition. The method is based on a modified extended Masreliez-Martin filter and yields the joint estimation of both NLPV systems states and model parameters. The method manages the stochasticity of the system by considering the presence of measurement outliers with non-Gaussian distributions. Results considering real data from a vehicle suspension system are presented in order to demonstrate the consistency of the proposed method.
Developing Students’ Intercultural Communicative Competence through Online Learning
Authors: Litvinova Tatyana , Andriutsa Natalia , Movchun Vasily
Published: April 2021

In a rapidly globalising world, every modern person needs a sufficient level of intercultural competence (IC). An increasing part of communication is carried out through the online environment, and it becomes more natural to acquire communication skills in it. However, representatives of non-linguistic specialities may not be aware of the importance of this phenomenon. The primary purpose of this research is to identify the attitude of representatives of a non-linguistic speciality to IC through online learning. To collect information, semi-structured interviews were conducted among students of medical and linguistic specialities, for which online learning is practiced. It is crucial to find out how diverse the attitude towards IC is among the representatives of various fields of activity. Bachelor students of state universities took part in the semi-structured interview. All the respondents are in the fourth year of study. The survey included 370 students aged 20-21. The difference in the specialities was one of the most important criteria for selecting respondents. As the results show, representatives of a non-linguistic speciality are indeed less aware and interested in increasing IC in online learning. Several solutions were proposed to solve this problem: increasing interest in interculturalism by spreading information in an educational institution's online environment; teachers’ help to students to develop such a competence; using the online environment; providing additional online materials; participation in international online events and exchange programmes.
A Digital Micro-Game Approach to Improve the Learning of Hand-Weaving Art and History
Authors: Chai-Arayalert Supaporn , Puttinaovarat Supattra
Published: April 2021

This research focuses on the young people and an issue of national handicraft preservation in the form of southern style hand weaving. A game is used in the study on arts and cultures as a learning medium optimized for the young people who play an important role in preserving the traditional handicraft being at the verge of extinction. The “Exploring Na Muen Sri” was developed based on digital micro-game and Person-Artefact-Task model as well as the game production with the purpose of creating the learning media and a simulation containing new knowledge about hand-weaving art and history that is suitable for the young people. The case study was on the weaving history of Na Muen Sri Community located in the southern Thailand. An experiment was conducted with undergraduate students to explore the effectiveness of the proposed approach in the field of cultural study. The results show that the game can effectively enhance players’ cognitive growth along with cultural awareness. It can be concluded that the simulated learning environment created in the digital game enables to bring about comprehension supporting the lifelong learning of hand weaving art and history while simultaneously preserving the local wisdom of hand weaving of fabrics.
Construction Quality Evaluation of Teacher Development Schools Based on Improved Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Hua Xiaoyu
Published: April 2021

There are many problems with the convention teacher education model, such as the short internship time during pre-job training, and the limited experience, pertinence, and effectiveness of on-the-job training. Fortunately, the teacher development school mechanism provides a viable solution to these problems. Therefore, the construction quality of such schools is of great significance to the teaching level and professional development of school teachers, as well as the overall development of students. As a result, this paper proposes a method to evaluate the construction quality of teacher development schools based on an improved artificial neural network. Firstly, an evaluation index system was established for the construction quality of teacher development schools, which consists of 5 core evaluation indices, and the periodical scoring criteria were detailed. Then, the feasibility of the proposed evaluation index system was verified through reliability, validity, and difference analyses. Finally, a combined neural network was constructed to evaluate the construction quality of teacher development schools. The experimental results show that our model can effectively predict the construction quality of teacher development schools, providing a reference for project quality evaluation in other fields.
Enhancing Student Involvement Based on Adoption Mobile Learning Innovation as Interactive Multimedia
Authors: Sholikah Mar'atus , Harsono Dwi
Published: April 2021

The low involvement of students in online learning resulted in a decrease in their academic performance. This research aims to figure out the effect of adopting online learning innovations such as mobile learning (m-learning) on students’ involvement with digital readiness as a mediator. A total of 89 graduate students from all over Indonesia enrolled at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta participated in the study. To determine the sample, we used purposive sampling. Analysis techniques to test research models used partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.3.2 software. The results are significant for digital readiness as a mediator in student perception of the influence of the adoption of m-learning innovation on student engagement. Although students positively perceive that the adoption of m-learning has a positive effect, they must also have strong digital skills to complete their academic work. Besides, they must also be committed to fully engaged in learning activities using m-learning— this finding provides practical implications for improving effective and interactive online learning in college.
Virtual Reality Mobile Application Development with Scrum Framework as a New Media in Learning English
Authors: Chandra Albert Yakobus , Prasetyaningrum Putri Taqwa , Suria Ozzi , Santosa Paulus Insap , Nugroho Lukito Edi
Published: April 2021

Virtual reality is a combination of technology that are used to visualize and provide interaction with virtual environment. These environment often depict three-dimensional space which could be realistic or imaginary. One of the problem to build a virtual reality application is not yet available an approach as development lifecycle to build this virtual reality application. In this study we implement a software development project management approach which is Scrum to build a virtual reality application to be a new media for learning English. The goal is to find out how this system development approach is providing a new guide as a project management to build virtual reality application right from the project started, until the application is reach production stage or final release. Also in this study we using the unity 3D to create the virtual environment and C# as the backend programming language to build a mobile application which is made this virtual application is build using cross platform mobile development. The study concludes that mobile learning applications increase student motivation and place students as the main subject in English Lessons to support the teaching and learning process in an educational context.
A High Density WSN Cluster Positioning Approach
Authors: Kang Qinqing
Published: April 2021

Node self-positioning is one of the supporting technologies for wireless sensor network applications. In this paper, a clustering localization algorithm is proposed for large-scale high-density wireless sensor networks. Firstly, the potential of the node is defined as the basis for the election of the cluster head. The distance between the nodes in the network is calculated indirectly by the relationship between the received signal strength and the communication radius. The topology information in each cluster is saved by the cluster head, and the linear programming method is used in the cluster head to implement the cluster internal relative positioning. Then, from the sink node, the inter-cluster location fusion is gradually implemented, and finally the absolute positioning of the whole network is realized. Compared with the centralized convex programming algorithm, the proposed algorithm has low computational complexity, small traffic, high positioning accuracy, and does not need to know the signal attenuation factor in the environment in advance, and there is anti-noise ability.
Application of Fuzzy Logic for Slice QoS in 5G Networks
Authors: Ampririt Phudit , Qafzezi Ermioni , Bylykbashi Kevin , Ikeda Makoto , Matsuo Keita , Barolli Leonard
Published: April 2021

The fifth generation (5G) network is expected to be flexible to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements, and the software-defined network (SDN) with network slicing will be a good approach for admission control. In this paper, the authors present and compare two fuzzy-based schemes to evaluate the QoS (FSQoS). They call these schemes FSQoS1 and FSQoS2. The FSQoS1 considers three parameters: slice throughput (ST), slice delay (SD), and slice loss (SL). In FSQoS2, they consider as an additional parameter the slice reliability (SR). So, FSQoS2 has four input parameters. They carried out simulations for evaluating the performance of the proposed schemes. From simulation results, they conclude that the considered parameters have different effects on the QoS performance. The FSQoS2 is more complex than FSQoS1, but it has a better performance for evaluating QoS. When ST and SR are increasing, the QoS parameter is increased. But, when SD and SL are increasing, the QoS is decreased. When ST is 0.1, SD is 0.1, SL is 0.1, and the QoS is increased by 32.02% when SR is increased from 0.3 to 0.8.
Editorial Note Vol.1(1)
Authors: Aslam M.S.M.
Published: April 2021

No Abstract available.
The Impact of Market Orientation on Organisational Performance: A Study of Small and Medium Scale Hotels in Tourism Industry in Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Gunawardana T.S.L.W. , Aravinda U.K.B.
Published: April 2021

This research aimed to identify the impact of market orientation on organisational performance in small and medium scale tourist hotels in Southern province, Sri Lanka. This study used a structured questionnaire to collect data and partial least squares path modelling (PLS) to analyse the collected data. Hypothesis on inter-functional coordination and organisational performance was not statistically significant, whereas three hypotheses on customer orientation, competitor orientation, and social benefit orientation were statistically significant. All four hypotheses were indicated a positive impact on organisational performance. It thereby added to the existing body of literature and provided several insights for managers in the hotel industry and hospitality services. Since this field of inquiry is relatively new, it also offers numerous alternatives for further studies.
Determinants of Adoption of Cloud-based Accounting: A Paradigm Shift in Sri Lanka
Authors: Premarathne Dulmini S. , Rajeshwaran Nadarajah , Umayangana Epitawalage K.
Published: April 2021

Cloud-Based Accounting (CBA) transforms the accounting system into a sophisticated platform in a turbulent environment. Factors behind the adoption of the CBA are still scepticism. Therefore, the study mainly aims to examine perceived determinants of the adoption of Cloud-Based Accounting (CBA) in Sri Lanka. Human, technological, organisational, and environmental factors are used as independent variables for identifying the determinants of CBA. Data were collected from two hundred professional accountants by using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression were applied to analyse the collected data. The results show that the above four factors are at a high level, and they significantly and positively impact the adoption of CBA. The study provides insights into the policymakers to better understand and enable them to implement suitable strategies to minimise potential damaging factors and improve current trends in their development.