bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of physiologic indices in mice vaccinated with protein-ergotamine conjugates and fed an endophyte-infected fescue diet
Authors: Rice R. L. , Schurig G. G. , Blodgett D. J.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To assess effects of vaccination against fescue toxicosis on weight gain, serum prolactin and cholesterol concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in mice fed an endophyte-infected (EI) or endophyte-free (EF) fescue diet.

Animals

50 six-week-old male BALB/c mice.

Procedure

Mice were randomly allocated to the following 5 groups: 1, vaccinated intraperitoneally with a bovine serum albumin-ergotamine (EG) conjugate and fed an EI fescue diet; 2, orally vaccinated with cholera toxin (CT) subunit B-EG conjugate mixed with free CT and fed an EI fescue diet; 3, not vaccinated and fed an EI fescue diet; 4, passively vaccinated with monoclonal antibodies specific for ergovaline (EV) and fed an EI fescue diet; and 5, not vaccinated and fed an EF fescue diet.

Results

Antibodies against EG and EV were in serum of mice of groups 1 and 4, respectively. Secretory IgA and IgG coproantibodies against EG were induced in mice of group 2. Weight increased in groups 1 and 2 and tended to be increased in group 4 versus group 3. Prolactin concentration was similar in all groups; cholesterol concentration was decreased in groups 1, 3, and 4, compared with group 5. Compared with that in group 5, serum ALP activity decreased in groups 1 and 4 and was further decreased in group 1, compared with that in groups 2 and 3; it was negatively correlated with anti-EG titer.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Induction of anti-EG antibodies and administration of EV monoclonal antibodies tended to increase short-term weight gain in this murine model of fescue toxicosis. However, systemic IgG antibodies against EG or EV antibodies were not protective against decreases in serum ALP activity and cholesterol concentrations. Clinical significance of decreased ALP activity associated with vaccination is unknown, but represents a worsening of a response often associated with fescue toxicosis in cattle. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1258–1262)
Effect of irradiation with a low-intensity diode laser on the metabolism of equine articular cartilage in vitro
Authors: Ebert Daniel W. , Bertone Alicia L. , Roberts Cynthia
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether irradiation with a low-intensity diode laser, which produces radiation at a wavelength of 810 nm, will induce nonthermal enhancement of chondrocyte metabolism.

Sample Population

144 grossly normal articular cartilage expiants aseptically harvested from the femoral condyles of 6 adult horses.

Procedure

Treated cartilage expiants were irradiated with a diode laser at 1 of 7 fluence levels that ranged from 8 to 1,600 J/cm2. Expiants were incubated for 24 or 72 hours, labeled for 24 hours with [35S]Na2SO4, and assayed for newly synthesized sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG; measured incorporation of 35SO4) and endogenous GAG, chondroitin 6-sulfate (CS), and keratan sulfate (KS) content, using a dimethylmethylene blue assay. Laser-induced temperature changes were measured during irradiation with a diode laser and a neodymiumyttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, which produces radiation at a wavelength of 1,064 nm, using conditions that were reported in previous studies to increase explant metabolism.

Results

After incubation for 24 or 72 hours, rate of 35SO4 uptake or endogenous GAG, CS, or KS content in irradiated expiants was not significantly different than in nonirradiated expiants. Cartilage temperature increased < 4.75 C during diode laser application. Cartilage temperature increased 5 to 12 C during Nd:YAG laser application.

Conclusions

Minimal thermal increases in cartilage expiants with use of a low-intensity diode laser resulted in no change in proteoglycan metabolism of chondrocytes. An increase in tissue temperature over a narrow range with use of a Nd:YAG laser may have contributed to the metabolic alteration of chondrocytes reported in previous studies. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1613-1618)
Changes in rectal temperature and hematologic, biochemical, blood gas, and acid-base values in healthy Labrador Retrievers before and after strenuous exercise
Authors: Matwichuk Cary L. , Taylor Susan M. , Shmon Cindy L. , Kass Philip H. , Shelton G. Diane
Published: January 2024

Objective

To measure changes in rectal temperature and hematologic, biochemical, blood gas, and acid-base values before and after exercise.

Animals

14 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.

Procedure

Dogs exercised continuously for 10 minutes by repeatedly retrieving a dummy thrown approximately 40 to 50 yards on land. The ambient temperature during each exercise period was recorded. Rectal temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were measured; CBC and serum biochemical profile were determined; and arterial blood gas tensions, acid-base status, and plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations were measured at rest and immediately after exercise. Rectal temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, and lactate and pyruvate concentrations were evaluated at intervals up to 120 minutes after exercise.

Results

Immediately after exercise, rectal temperature increased markedly; ambient temperature did not affect rectal temperature. Arterial blood pH and Pao2 were significantly increased after exercise, and Paco2 and bicarbonate concentration were significantly decreased after exercise. Also, statistically, but not clinically, significant increases were observed in RBC, WBC, and segmented neutrophil counts; hemoglobin, total protein, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations; PCV; anion gap; and creatine kinase activity. Plasma lactate and pyruvate concentrations increased significantly after exercise, but there was no change in the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Reference values for healthy Laborador Retrievers during a standardized exercise protocol were established to compare data obtained from Laborador Retrievers with exercise intolerance and collapse. Important characteristics of lactate and pyruvate metabolism were documented that will enable more precise evaluation of exercise intolerance in this breed. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:88–92)
Evidence for divergence of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns following in vivo replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Authors: Wesley Ronald D. , Mengeling William L. , Lager Kelly M. , Vorwald Ann C. , Roof Michael B.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine stability of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine virus and patterns of other viral strains as they replicate in pigs.

Sample Population

Field samples of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and samples from 2 weaned pigs, 2 nursery-age pigs, and 5 gilts experimentally infected with PRRSV.

Procedure

PRRSV was isolated from field samples, experimentally infected pigs, or pigs that were in contact with experimentally infected pigs. For each virus, RNA was isolated from infected cells, and RFLP patterns were determined.

Results

61 % of field samples had 2-5-2 RFLP patterns characteristic of the vaccine virus, 32% had field virus RFLP patterns, and 7% had intermediate RFLP patterns that indicated a virus with a close relationship to the vaccine virus. Viruses isolated from experimentally infected pigs had no change in RFLP patterns after up to 13 weeks of in vivo replication and transmission to contact pigs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

RFLP patterns distinguish the vaccine and field strains of PRRSV; however, as the vaccine virus spreads among a swine population, the RFLP pattern can change to a related intermediate pattern. A glycine at residue 151 of open reading frame 5 is another marker for the vaccine virus; this glycine is rapidly lost and eventually replaced with arginine as the vaccine virus replicates in pigs. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:463-467)
Evaluation of protective immunity in gilts inoculated with the NADC-8 isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and challenge-exposed with an antigenically distinct PRRSV isolate
Authors: Lager Kelly M. , Mengeling William L. , Brockmeier Susan L.
Published: January 2024

Objectives

To determine whether intrauterine inoculation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) interferes with conception and whether exposure to one strain of PRRSV provides protection against challenge-exposure (CE) with homologous or heterologous strains of PRRSV.

Animals

40 gilts.

Procedure

Gilts were inoculated by intrauterine administration of a PRRSV isolate (nadc-8) at breeding. Inoculated and noninoculated gilts were exposed oronasally to homologous (nadc-8) or heterologous (European isolate) PRRSV during late gestation. Specimens from gilts and fetuses were tested against CE virus. Lack of virus in gilts indicated protective immunity for the dam, in fetuses indicated protection of gilt from reproductive losses, and in both groups indicated complete protection.

Results

In the homologous CE group, interval from inoculation to CE ranged from 90 to 205 days, and protection was complete. In the heterologous CE group, interval from inoculation to CE ranged from 90 to 170 days, and protection was incomplete. The CE virus was detected in gilts necropsied 134 to 170 days after CE and in a litter necropsied 170 days after CE.

Conclusions

Homologous protection can be induced in gilts by exposure to live PRRSV. Heterologous protection from reproductive losses can be induced in gilts by exposure to live PRRSV; however, this protection is incomplete and may have a shorter duration than homologous protection.

Clinical Relevance

Exposure of swine to enzootic PRRSV will provide protection against homologous PRRSV-induced reproductive losses. Extent and duration of protection against heterologous PRRSV may be variable and dependent on antigenic relatedness of the virus strains used for inoculation and CE. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1022-1027)
Changes in concentrations of biochemical markers of osteoarthritis following surgical repair of ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs
Authors: Innes John F. , Sharif Mohammed , Barr Alistair R. S.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To investigate longitudinal changes in concentrations of the 1/20/5D4 epitope (5D4) of keratan sulfate and total sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) in synovial fluid and serum of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture that was repaired via intra-articular surgery.

Animals

58 dogs with a ruptured CCL and osteoarthritis of the affected (index) joint.

Procedure

Prior to surgical repair of the ruptured CCL, 5D4 concentration was measured in serum and synovial fluid samples by use of an inhibition ELISA, and total S-GAG concentration was measured in synovial fluid samples by use of a direct dye-binding assay. Ruptured CCL were repaired surgically, using an intra-articular fascial graft. Dogs were reexamined 1.5, 7, and 13 months after surgery, and 5D4 and S-GAG concentrations in synovial fluid and serum were measured again.

Results

Serum 5D4 concentrations did not change significantly during the study. Concentrations of 5D4 in synovial fluid (expressed as a ratio of S-GAG concentration) did change significantly with time. In the index joint, the 5D4:S-GAG decreased from 0.19 at the beginning of the study to 0.09 1.5 months after surgery, but 7 months after surgery, the ratio increased again to 0.20.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Results support the hypothesis that serum concentration of 5D4 is not a useful marker of osteoarthritis in dogs. Surgical intervention transiently reduced the concentration of 5D4 in synovial fluid but had no effect on S-GAG concentration. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1164-1168)
Methicillin resistance among staphylococci isolated from dogs
Authors: Gortel Kinga , Campbell Karen L. , Kakoma Ibulaimu , Whittem Ted , Schaeffer David J. , Weisiger Rita M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether methicillin-resistant staphylococci from dogs expressed the mecA gene and to determine what proportion of canine staphylococcal isolates positive for the mecA gene were resistant to oxacillin and other antibiotics.

Sample Population

25 methicillin-resistant (10 coagulase-positive and 15 coagulase-negative) and 15 methicillin-susceptible (8 coagulase-positive and 7 coagulase-negative) staphylococci isolated from dogs.

Procedure

All strains were tested for methicillin resistance by use of oxacillin agar screening and identified by use of standard techniques. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 antibiotics were determined for all 40 isolates. A polymerase chain reaction method targeting a 533-basepair fragment of the mecA gene was used to detect mecA gene expression.

Results

23 of the 25 methicillin-resistant isolates and none of the methicillin-susceptible isolates possessed the mecA gene. For 10 of 16 antibiotics, the proportion of mecA-positive isolates that were resistant or of intermediate susceptibility was significantly higher than the proportion of mecA-negative isolates that were resistant or of intermediate susceptibility. Only 1 methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive isolate was identified as Staphylococcus intermedius; the other 9 were identified as S aureus.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

Results confirm that staphylococci isolated from dogs may have methicillin resistance mediated by the mecA gene. Isolates positive for the mecA gene were more likely to be resistant to various antibiotics than were isolates negative for the mecA gene. Results suggest that in dogs, infections caused by staphylococci that have the mecA gene may be difficult to treat because of resistance to antibiotics. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1526–1530)
Comparison of measurements of dorsolateral subluxation of the femoral head and maximal passive laxity for evaluation of the coxofemoral joint in dogs
Authors: Farese James P. , Lust George , Williams Alma J. , Dykes Nathan L. , Todhunter Rory J.
Published: January 2024

Objective

To determine whether dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) of the femoral head reflects osseous conformation of the coxofemoral (hip) joint and represents a property distinct from maximum passive laxity of the hip joint in dogs.

Animals

14 Labrador Retrievers, 16 Greyhounds, 58 Greyhound-Labrador Retriever mixed-breed dogs, and 1 Rottweiler.

Procedures

DLS of the femoral head (DLS score) and passive laxity of the hip joint (distraction index) were determined radiographically in 3 groups of dogs: not treated (167 joints of 84 dogs); before and after injecting 2 ml of hyaluronan into 25 hip joints of 13 dogs; and before and after unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy in 5 dogs. Results of the 2 methods were compared for each group.

Results

In untreated dogs, the correlation coefficient (r) of DLS score versus distraction index was −0.73 and −0.69 for 84 left and 83 right hip joints, respectively. Mean coefficient of determination (r2) for both hips was 0.5. Mean DLS score did not differ before and after intra-articular injection of hyaluronan into either hip joint, whereas mean distraction index increased significantly after intra-articular injection. Unilateral triple pelvic osteotomy resulted in a significant increase in DLS score, compared with values obtained before surgery. However, distraction index before and after surgery did not differ significantly.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance

The DLS test assesses the congruity of the acetabulum and the femoral head in a canine hip joint and thus represents a characteristic distinct from maximum passive laxity. The DLS score and the distraction index evaluate different components of hip joint stability. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1571–1576)
A reappraisal of the problem of submerged deciduous teeth
Authors: Freer T.J.
Published: January 2024

The etiology of submersence remains unconfirmed although various reasons have been advanced. The condition is generally more prevalent in older children but may be detected as early as 3 years. Treatment has invariably involved extraction. The natural history of the condition involves periods of remission. These remissions and the fact that extractions are not always desirable, led to the treatment of several cases by traction to the affected teeth.
Near-alpha titanium — a potentially new orthodontic archwire material
Authors: Hazel Roger J. , Sokefil Bruce N. , West Victor C.
Published: January 2024

High tensile stainless steels and Elgiloy (a) have been until recently the dominant orthodontic archwire materials. The introduction of Nitinol (b) and T.M.A. (c) has extended the choice. In the present work a new wire near-alpha titanium has been studied. Its tensile properties have been found to be similar to gold, whilst its elastic deflection (springback) is comparable to high tensile stainless steel. It has been shaped into representative Edgewise and Begg archwires to which tipback bends were added, and in so doing has brought “Variable Modulus Orthodontics” much closer to practical reality.
Mandibular deficiency
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry
Published: January 2024

Mandibular deficiency is a common clinical problem often requiring the combined efforts of the orthodontist and surgeon to achieve an adequate result. This paper attempts to profile the subject and outline some of the detail required in planning.
Orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusions
Authors: Cheng Peter C.K.
Published: January 2024

Orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusions has not always been very successful in the past. The use of chin cap and fixed appliances for younger patients, or a combined surgical-orthodontic procedure for older patients, has been the general approach to the treatment of these malocclusions. These methods of treatment often encounter problems during treatment or during the retention period. This paper presents practical guidelines for the orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusions. The key to success is to expand the maxillary dental arch to compensate for its deficiency. Correction of the anterior crossbite can be achieved rather efficiently by expanding the maxillary dental arch and retroclining the mandibular incisors. The suggested treatment principles are illustrated by the records of four patients with Class III malocclusion of various degrees of severity together with other orthodontic problems.
Case Report Begg Medallion 1988
Authors: Rouse Michael
Published: January 2024

The patient complained of the rotated and protruding upper lateral incisors and the retroclined upper central incisors.
Quo vadis, Schuldenbremse? Über Sinn und Unsinn detaillierter Defizit- und Schuldenregelungen im Grundgesetz
Authors: Ehnts Dirk
Published: January 2024

The German debt brake forces the German government to target a very specific public deficit to GDP ratio. A ruling of the German constitutional court has drawn attention to the debt brake, as it is to be enforced more tightly than the federal German government previously thought. In this article, the author argues that the debt brake should be abolished. It does not do what it is supposed to do – the sustainability of public debt depends on the European Central Bank’s Dealer of Last Resort function and nothing else. As a side effect, the debt brake curtails government spending at a time of close to zero net public investment and huge requirements for more public spending.
Rückläufige Einnahmen aus der Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer
Authors: Jirmann Julia
Published: January 2024

The current German inheritance and gift tax statistics for 2022 suggest rising tax revenues. However, the statistics are misleading, particularly for large estates, because a large proportion of the taxes assessed are subsequently remitted. This is due to extensive tax exemptions for corporate assets. On the one hand, the findings are important for the assessment of the latest inheritance tax reform, which may not meet the requirements of the Federal Constitutional Court. On the other hand, they show that wealth-related taxes are currently declining despite very high wealth inequality in Germany.
Inflation und Zinsen: Wirkungen auf die kommunale Finanzlage in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Authors: Christofzik Désirée I. , Isaak Niklas , Jessen Robin , Kirsch Florian
Published: January 2024

Since 2022, inflation and interest rates in Germany have noticeably increased. We examine the impact of heightened inflation and interest rates on the financial balances of municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia. In our scenario analysis, we consider systematic differences between highly and less indebted municipalities. While there are positive effects on the revenue side that offset the higher costs on the expenditure side, such as some taxes being tied to nominal values, the analysis suggests that the overall effect on the financial balance is likely to be negative.
Improving the Ability to Observe, Identify and Define Variables Through Comic-Assisted Inquiry Learning Model
Authors: Husna Wardatul , Evendi Evendi , Syukri* Muhammad , Elisa Elisa , Herliana Fitria , Mohtar Lilia Ellany , Putri Elva Sesioria
Published: January 2024

This research is motivated by students' science process skills which are still in the low category. Based on the initial observations made there were students who still had difficulty in conducting experiments. This research aims to determine the increase in the ability to observe, identify and define variables through the comic-assisted inquiry learning model. This research was conducted on class XI MIPA 2 students at SMAN 2 Banda Aceh involving 32 students. The research design used in this study isone grup pretest-posttest design. Data collection techniques through tests (pretest andposttest) and student response. The pretest and posttest questions in this research were prepared referring to three indicators of science process skills, namely, observing, identifying and defining variables. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed using the gain test. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in students' science process skills in the aspect of observing by 0.54 in the medium category, identifying by 0.68 in the medium category and defining variables by 0.72 in the high category. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the ability to observe, identify and define variables can be improved through comic-assisted inquiry learning
Disaster Prevention and Risk Reduction Education Implementation in Special Education Schools in Indonesia: Teachers’ Challenges, Strategies, and Recommendations
Authors: Cabatay* Mulina Madlangbayan , Gonzales Heidi Baraan
Published: January 2024

Indonesia adopted the Comprehensive School Safety framework to increase the resilience of all its citizens to disaster. During a disaster, children with special needs and disabilities (SEND) are more likely to be abandoned. Hence, this research, targets to determine special education teachers’ disaster education plans and strategies, and the challenges they encountered in implementing Satuan Pendidikan Aman Bencana (SPAB). It was qualitative research that employed a purposive sampling technique in determining the study participants. The main participants were twenty-three (23) special education teachers and thirteen (13) school principals and community engagement officers from twelve (12) special education schools. Data gathering tools used were in-depth interviews, quick surveys, and observations. A qualitative descriptive approach was utilized in analyzing the data. The results build the evidence that amidst the country’s efforts over the past decades, children with SEND remain susceptible to disaster due to its delayed implementation in special education schools. A huge gap between the compliance of public and private special education units was identified. Implementation of locally adopted CSS was very recent. It was concluded that teachers’ competence influences mainly its implementation. Challenges were identified including the unavailability of Disaster Prevention and Risk Reduction Education (DPRRE) integrated modules, limited disability-inclusive teaching materials, and teachers’ limited training and knowledge about Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM). The findings suggest a necessity to evaluate the quality and suitability of education units’ compliance with the provisions of the SPAB program policy
Integrated STEM Education in Indonesia: What Do Science Teachers Know and Implement?
Authors: Muchtar* Abas Hasyim , Ding Lin
Published: January 2024

Integrated science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education has been a popular topic worldwide for the last few years. However, only a few studies have examined this topic in Indonesia. This literature review is to fill the gap by focusing on science teachers’ perspectives on the STEM education approach at the secondary school level, including what they know and what they implement in science classrooms. For this purpose, 48 research articles published in national and international journals and judged to be pertinent to the current study, were reviewed. The results emerging from most of the existing research indicated that Indonesian science teachers in general were familiar with the integrated STEM teaching approach. However, more than half of them never tried implementing it in their classes. In addition, the studies revealed that project-based learning was the most frequently used method in STEM-based science classes. Teachers in science classes mainly employed integrated STEM education approach to promote 21st century skills such as creative and critical thinking, problem-solving, and literacy.
Foz Velha: The creation of an image of permanencies and transformations
Authors: Gadelho Novais Tavares João
Published: January 2024

The present proposal uses the television documentary Foz Velha (1975)1, from the series As Pedras e o Homem (1973-1976), produced by RTP (Rádiotelevisão Portuguesa2), as a means to understand the image that is linked to the territory of Foz Velha, in Foz do Douro (Porto). Aware of RTP’s will to promote culture and its ability to condition the viewer’s perception of a certain theme, object or space, we intend to analyse this phenomenon at Foz Velha in the aforementioned documentary, to which contribute the script, the selected shots, and the chosen soundtrack. This intermediality helps determining the sensorial and affective experience of the space. It is noteworthy that the study of this urban area has been focused on the architectural and urbanistic characterization that occurred during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, associated with the character of villeggiatura inherent to Foz, lacking a holistic view of the transformations that occurred from the second half of the twentieth century and the perception that is being linked to it. In this sense, the documentary will be analysed through the identification of the places filmed and the survey of associated architectural, urban and social characteristics, as these are pointed out both visually and discursively throughout the documentary, as well as considerations, which are made regarding what is considered to be authentic as opposed to contemporary practices. The existing heterogeneity of Foz Velha will also be characterised through the examination of existing typologies, the materials used, and the ornamental elements of the façades, as well as the size of the plots and urban transformations, displayed at different moments in the documentary. In this way, relationships can be established with the different moments of paradigm change in Foz. With the association of Foz Velha with the idea of an old town, marked by a devout community, with strong links to fishing practices, living a simple and serene domestic life, the documentary makes it possible to trace the profile of the area under study in the 1970s-80s, a period marked by radical urban change, understanding the buildings existing at the time and identifying typologies, materials and elements used. Through comparison with the present day, it is also possible to assess subsequent constructions and interventions in the buildings.The research also allows us to understand the perception of contemporary buildings as a poor quality architectural conception that de-characterizes the territory, justifying that «it is hurting the harmony of Foz Velha with awful buildings that mean nothing and care little or nothing to conserve the trait of local architecture»3 [00:12:43 - 00:12:58].
Cover image: Visual contrasts in Foz Velha, 1975 (Source: Arquivo RTP. Caria, José, dir. As Pedras e o Homem: Foz Velha [documentary, digital]. Portugal: RTP, 1975, 00:13:50)
White buildings, Red Dust: Brasilia in Ektachrome Colour
Authors: Miguel Ciro
Published: January 2024

Brasília’s red dust is everywhere. Regularly tinting the white surfaces of Brasília’s modernist buildings red, a great effort of human labor is required every day to maintain their intended autonomy. Dust clouds first appeared in February 1957 due to massive earthworks and the clearing of the original landscape. While large tractors and caterpillars aggressively manipulated the ground following the forms of Lucio Costa’s Pilot Plan, a formless entropic dispersal of red soil microparticles filled the air. As the floating dust spread over Brasília’s construction site, it also filled the printed pages of newspapers and magazines. This article intends to discuss how dust tainted the representation of Brasília. As modernist architecture confronted the landscape, dust introduced a distortion in the pure image of Brasília, threatening not only the whiteness of the upcoming architectures but also contaminating drawings, cameras, lenses, printed photographs, clothes and lungs. While most of the architectural black and white photos of Brasília tended to produce clean images, the introduction of the newest color film Ektachrome by photojournalists made earthworks and dust visible. Associated with grainy reproduction in illustrated magazines and speckles of dust in the negatives themselves, the images enhanced the perception of Brasília’s total environmental design. If dust is, according to Richard Meyer, “an environment in miniature, a physical archive of our material surroundings,” this article analyzes how these fine particles of solid matter and their accidental reproduction, operated as visual dissonances that confuse the modern distinction between nature and culture.
Cover image: Mário Fontenelle, Clearing, c.a. 1958, Arquivo Público do Distrito Federal
Oases in the grid
Authors: Voroshilova Natalia , Galasso Giulio
Published: January 2024

The essay investigates the Milanese street-front gardens of post-WWII middle-class housing. Spread around the city by hectic developers, these gardens reflect specific cultural- al, political and social conditions of Italy’s industrial capital during the economic miracle.
Street-facing gardens are an essential feature of modern middle-class condominiums. They reflected the modernist urban vision of a park-city and the Milanese tradition of the street facade; they encapsulate the bourgeois culture with its urge for representative decorum and the freedom of architectural experimentation; their image was used as a marketing tool in real estate advertisement but also as an argument in negotiation for the building licence. In Post-WWII Milan urban nature radically changed its connotation: from a hygienic device, it transformed into a status symbol, and the Milanese started to take care of gardens precisely because of their decorative importance. Even though they are private, they are designed to be looked at from the street, and therefore they make an important part of the everyday urban experience.
Beyond their speculative nature, the gardens of Milanese condominiums transformed the urban landscape, bringing density together with well-cared nature into the city streets. The essay explores this phenomenon through a series of distant and close-up views as if following a wandering gaze through the streets of the city.
Cover image: Condominium in Piazzale Bacone, arch. Gustavo and Vito Latis, 1968
Types
Authors: Campbell Hugh , Ferreira Teresa
Published: January 2024

The pieces in this section share an interest in the typical and in the ways in which photographycan be used to provide evidence of that very typicality. Photography’s capacity to recordevidence has been central to its practice and theory from the outset, founded on the premise(and the promise) of an indexical relationship between the thing recorded and the record made.Of course that relationship could always be distorted, manipulated or fabricated by technicalmeans – with increasing ease and regularity in the digital era – but even such distortions wouldonly serve to point up the dominant assumption of fidelity, of the photograph simply recordingand conveying the facts. This is not to say, however, that such photographs would lack aestheticquality or conceptual interest. Mike Mandel and Larry Sultan’s seminal 1977 publication ‘Evidence’enduringly demonstrated this through a careful selection and sequencing of photographsculled from numerous government agencies and research institutions. Nominally objective, thepictures were unfailingly strange, sometimes surreal, sometimes disturbing and often forlorn.These were, as Sandra S. Phillips notes in her essay for the revised edition, ‘photographs madefor the purpose of record’, but by virtue of what they deemed worthy of recording, and how thatrecord was composed and framed, much was revealed, both about the unavoidably expressivecapacities of the medium and about the prevalence of scientific and technical developmentwhich typified the era.1Photographic evidence operates in distinct but related ways in each of these four pieces.There is a shared affirmation that the making of photographs serves to confer significance andvalue on something hitherto overlooked, ignored or misunderstood. In Jasna Galjer’s carefullyconsidered essay, she traces how the Kravica Children’s Health Resort in Croatia - a strikingpiece of socialist-era architecture by Rikard Marasovic – is being reframed in terms of its culturalmeaning and value through photographic and filmic projects. Despite, or perhaps because of,being neglected and in disrepair, the complex demands to be incorporated into the collectiveconsciousness, to allow its past to be reconciled with a potential future. This is as much to dowith its overt formal properties as its layered history in use, both of which are captured in thephotographic and filmic projects which Galjer discusses.
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Places
Authors: Troiani Igea , Durden Mark
Published: January 2024

In this panel, focusing on place in terms of Landscapes of Care, Richard Wiliams, Sotiria Alexiadou with Vassilis Colonas, and Joao Gadelho Novais Tavares examine urban architectures through a shared aperture of film, thereby showing an engagement with the historical, spatial and ‘social production of space’.1 The temporal dimension of film opens up for analysis of the places of their individual studies in historical, real-time and fictitious dimensions, showing how visual images contribute to understandings of the care of places and peoples. Lars Rolfsted Mortensen’s photographs of dams in the Swiss Alps raise broader questions about place and our need for care of the landscape. The photographs present us with the ambivalence of sublime infrastructures that are both destructive and removable interventions in Alpine ecosystems but vital for green energy.

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Unclaiming the natural waterfront landscape: Thessaloniki’s manmade east waterfront
Authors: Alexiadou Sotiria , Colonas Vassilis
Published: January 2024

This article focuses on the transition of the natural landscape of Thessaloniki’s east waterfront to the artificial urban landscape that draws a straight line between water and land, while noting the developing rigid homogeneous multistorey buildings as a background image of the city in contrast to the former porosity and architectural variety of the late 19th-early 20th century mansions. The transition is captured either as a commentary on the new landscape or as a memoir of a lost era by cinematographers, such as Takis Kanellopoulos in his film “Parenthesis” (1968) and Theo Angelopoulos in his film “Eternity and a Day” (1998) and photographers of the 1960’s such as Socratis Iordanidis and Yiannis Stylianou.
Cover image: Theo Angelopoulos, Populated manmade waterfront, Film still, Eternity and a Day, Thessaloniki, 1998
KARAKTERISTIK KLINIKOPATOLOGI PASIEN TUMOR OVARIUM PADA ANAK TAHUN 2015 –2019 DI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR
Authors: Cahyani Kadek Cindy Dwi , Sriwidyani Ni Putu , Mahastuti Ni Made , Saputra Herman
Published: January 2024

Tumor ovarium adalah kondisi dimana ovarium mengalami pertumbuhan yang abnormal sehingga fungsi dari ovarium sebagai tempat folikel dan menghasilkan serta mensekresikan hormon estrogen dan progesteron yang mengatur proses menstruasi serta hormonal wanita terganggu. Usia anak-anak dapat terkena tumor ovarium namun, angka kejadian dari tumor ovarium pada anak-anak dapat dikatakan jarang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui data karakteristik klinikopatologi pasien tumor ovarium pada anak tahun 2015 –2019 di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan studi cross sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel berbentuk total sampling dimana data penelitian berasal dari data sekunder pasien yang tercatat di buku registrasi hasil pemeriksaan Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2019. Terdapat sejumlah 54 sampel, terbanyak terjadi pada usia 19 tahun sebanyak 11 orang, manifestasi klinis yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu perut membesar dengan jumlah 32 orang (59,3%), untuk lateralisasi tumor paling banyak menyerang ovarium sebelah kiri sebanyak 26 orang (48,1%), tipe histopatologi terbanyak adalah Teratoma Mature yaitu sebanyak 16 kasus (29,6%). Berdasarkan kategori kelompok umur dan tipe histopatologi, baik tipe Surface Epithelial-Stromal Tumors, Sex Cord–Stromal Tumors dan Germ Cell Tumors terjadi terbanyak pada kelompok umur 15-19 tahun.

Kata kunci: Tumor Ovarium, Pasien Anak, Tipe Tumor
GAMBARAN FAKTOR RISIKO HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA UNGASAN, KECAMATAN KUTA SELATAN, KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Suryaningsih Ni  Putu Elsinthia , Wita I Wayan , Wiryawan I Nyoman , Yudha Dewangga Made Satria
Published: January 2024

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi sebagai penyakit degeneratif yang masih menjadi tantangan besar di dunia, begitu juga di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang terus meningkat tiap tahunnya. Hipertensi bisa ditimbulkan akibat berbagai macam faktor. Komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan seperti stroke, gagal ginjal, kerusakan pada mata, ataupun coronary heart disease. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko pada penderita hipertensi di Desa Ungasan. Rancangan deskriptif sebagai metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan studi potong lintang dan teknik consecutive sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah masyarakat berusia ? 18 tahun dengan mengidap hipertensi yang berdomisili di Desa Ungasan, dan didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 140 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian berdasarkan derajat hipertensi didapatkan responden lebih banyak berada pada kelompok hipertensi derajat satu yaitu 104 responden (52%). Prevalensi hipertensi lebih banyak pada kelompok usia ? 40 tahun 112 responden (80%), berjenis kelamin perempuan 81 responden (57.9%), memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan hipertensi 104 responden (74.3%), sering mengkonsumsi garam 114 responden (81.4%), sering mengkonsumsi lemak 121 responden (86.4%), bukan perokok 102 responden (72.9%), dan sering beraktivitas fisik 95 responden (67.9%). Dapat dilakukan penelitian lanjutan dengan menggunakan hasil penelitian ini sebagai data acuan.

 

Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Faktor Risiko, Desa Ungasan
KARAKTERISTIK KLINIKOPATOLOGI DAN MUTASI EGFR PADA PASIEN KARSINOMA PARU DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM PUSAT SANGLAH DENPASAR TAHUN 2018-2019
Authors: Handoko Jovi Carina , Dewi I Gusti Ayu Sri Mahendra , Mahastuti Ni Made , Sriwidyani Ni Putu
Published: January 2024

Karsinoma paru merupakan salah satu jenis karsinoma dengan angka kejadian serta angka kematian cukup tinggi di Indonesia dengan persentase 8,6% dan mortalitas 12,6% dari seluruh kejadian kanker pada tahun 2018. Studi epidemiologi ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari karakteristik pasien kasus karsinoma paru di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah, Denpasar pada tahun 2018-2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain stufi potong lintang, serta menggunakan data sekunder dari hasil pemeriksaan sitopatologi dan mutasi EGFR pasien karsinoma paru yang terdapat di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Sanglah. Variabel yang diteliti adalah usia, jenis kelamin, lateralisasi, tipe sitopatologi, dan mutasi EGFR. Metode total sampling digunakan untuk memperoleh sampel sebanyak 98 sampel. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa kejadian karsinoma paru tertinggi pada rentang usia 50-59 tahun (29,6%), lebih banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki (56,1%), dengan lokasi tersering pada paru dekstra (69,4%). Tipe sitopatologi terbanyak adalah adenokarsinoma (89,8%). Karsinoma paru dengan mutasi EGFR dan tanpa mutasi EGFR ditemukan masing-masing sebanyak 50%. Mutasi EGFR paling sering terjadi pada tipe adenokarsinoma (44,9%). Sementara sisanya terjadi pada tipe karsinoma sel skuamus, adenoskuamus dan NSCLC unclassified yaitu masing-masing sebanyak 1%. Mutasi EGFR paling banyak terjadi pada ekson 19 (31,6%), diikuti oleh ekson 21 (11,2%), ekson 20 (4,1%) dan ekson 18 (3%). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar penelitian dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk membantu mempelajari perkembangan karsinoma paru khususnya di Bali.

Kata kunci :  Karsinoma Paru, Karakteristik Klinikopatologi, Mutasi EGFR
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW : HASIL LUARAN KLINIS TERHADAP TATALAKSANA MENINGITIS TUBERKULOSIS DI ASIA
Authors: Hartadi Putu Ardy , Budiarsa I Gusti Ngurah Ketut , Meidiary A. A. A. , Wijayanti Ida Ayu Sri
Published: January 2024

Pendahuluan: Meningitis Tuberkulosis adalah manifestasi infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang paling berbahaya dan merupakan keadaan kegawatdaruratan medis. Sebagian besar pasien biasanya akan mengalami defisit neurologis sehingga dengan tatalaksana yang tepat dapat meminimalkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien dengan Meningitis Tuberkulosis. Adapun tujuan dari systematic review ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil luaran klinis terhadap tatalaksana Meningitis Tuberkulosis di Asia. Metode: Metode penulisan dalam artikel ini adalah systematic review, dimana literatur yang digunakan adalah studi yang tervalidasi selama bulan Januari 2015 sampai Oktober 2020, pencarian literatur dalam systematic review ini menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, Science Direct, dan ProQuest. Pencarian artikel atau jurnal menggunakan kata kunci: “Tuberculous Meningitis” and “Treatment” and “Clinical Outcome”. Sebanyak 1.143 artikel yang sesuai selanjutnya dilakukan eksklusi dari judul, abstrak, populasi, intervensi, dan outcome, sehingga diperoleh 12 artikel studi yang memenuhi kriteria. Selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian kualitas metodologi dari setiap artikel menggunakan The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal. Hasil: Penatalaksanaan dari Meningitis Tuberkulosis harus mencakup pendekatan secara holistik yang menghubungkan pemberian regimen terapi pada fase intensif, fase lanjutan, dan pemberian kortikosteroid. Studi berbasis bukti menunjukkan bahwa pemberian regimen HRZE/S minimal selama 6 bulan dilaporkan efektif sebagai terapi Meningitis Tuberkulosis. Pasien remaja dan dewasa dengan Meningitis Tuberkulosis memiliki prognosis atau hasil luaran klinis yang buruk. Selain itu, hasil pengumpulan data dari beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengobatan berhubungan dengan nilai BMRC dan koinfeksi HIV. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan dari studi ini bahwa jenis pemberian terapi anti tuberkulosis menunjukkan penurunan angka mortalitas minimal selama 6 bulan.

Kata kunci: Meningitis Tuberkulosis, Tatalaksana, Hasil Luaran Klinis.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA DIET SERAT PADA BUAH DAN SAYUR DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH DI KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Pratiwi Sintya
Published: January 2024

Obesitas pada anak menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan paling serius karena dapat memicu obesitas saat dewasa. Obesitas dapat diatasi dengan meningkatkan asupan serat. Kebutuhan serat dapat dipenuhi dengan mengkonsumsi berbagai macam buah dan sayuran, tetapi tingkat asupan buah dan sayuran pada anak masih sangat rendah dari yang dianjurkan. Rendahnya asupan buah dan sayur telah menyebabkan 1.7 juta (2.8%) kematian di seluruh dunia.

Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case control, metode observasional yang bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara diet serat pada buah dan sayur dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini melibatkan 8 Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Denpasar. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan yaitu 84 anak, dimana tiap taman kanak-kanak dipilih anak usia 4-6 tahun secara purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap; 1) penyebaran kuesioner secara online kepada orangtua siswa, dan 2) tahap wawancara dengan responden. Hasil analisa bivariat didapatkan nilai p value = 0.007 < 0.05 artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan jumlah serat yang dikonsumsi (pada buah dan sayur saja) anak obesitas dengan anak non-obesitas.

Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara diet serat pada buah dan sayur dengan kejadian obesitas pada anak usia prasekolah di Kota Denpasar. Rata-rata jumlah serat yang dikonsumsi (pada buah dan sayur saja) anak obesitas sebesar 0.1366 ± 0.40207 gram perhari dan rata-rata jumlah serat yang dikonsumsi (pada buah dan sayur saja) anak non-obesitas sebesar 0.4027 ± 0.35679 gram perhari.

Kata kunci :  obesitas, serat, buah dan sayur, anak
Characteristic Description of Clavicle Fracture Patient in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah Period of January-December 2019
Authors: Devinta Made Ratih Santi , Asmara Anak Agung Gde Yuda , Dharmayuda Cokorda Gde Oka
Published: January 2024

Clavicle fracture is a common cause of injuries in adult, with over 2.6?4% of cases have been found with an incidence rate of 30 over 100.000 population. Although having a high incidence rate, availability of studies on the characteristics of clavicle fractures in Indonesia remains limited. Based on the high incidence of cases, variability of concomitant injuries and the evolution of science and technologies in health, this study was conducted to discover the characteristics of clavicle fractures patients in Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Sanglah Denpasar. This study used a cross sectional approach with descriptive retrospective as the study design and using secondary data of clavicle fracture patients in RSUP Sanglah in January?December 2019. Secondary data used in this study were obtained from the Morning Reports of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department in RSUP Sanglah. Variables in this study including age, gender, type of fracture, type of concomitant injuries and type of treatment. The data was obtained using total sampling technique. Among 91 cases of clavicle fracture, they were mainly found in a group of young productive men (17?25 years old) and mostly classifed as closed fractures (97.8%). Most of the patients came with head injuries (45.1%) and thorax injuries (45.1%) and mainly went through surgical procedures (ORIF) 74.7%.