bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An enzyme-free fluorescence biosensor for UO22+ detection using Y-shaped wheel-mediated triple walking as a signal amplifier
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Yuyan , Ren Xiaoya , Qiu Jun , Pan Jiafeng , Yang Fei
Published: February 2025

An enzyme-free fluorescence biosensor was developed for UO22+ detection based on a Y-shaped wheel-mediated triple walking mechanism. Our walker was ultrasensitive, selective, and accurate, observing a detection limit of UO22+ as low as 1.8 pM.
Revealing the role of intrinsic point defects in the stability of halide double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6
Authors: Ri Il-Chol , Ri Chun-Son , Yu Song-Hyon , Jo Son-Hyok , Choe Song-Hyok , Yu Chol-Jun
Published: February 2025

Using ab initio thermodynamic calculations, we provide an atomistic insight into the defect physics and chemistry of halide double perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6, revealing that the Br-rich condition is preferable for improving the photovoltaic performance.
Palladium catalyzed regioselective distal C (sp2)–H functionalization
Authors: Chauhan Rachit Singh , Bairagi Yogesh , Desai Om , Kowalczyk Rafal , Maiti Debabrata
Published: February 2025

The selective functionalization of C−H bonds in arenes remains a challenging task in organic synthesis.
Isolating the ring-redox states of boron sub-phthalocyanines
Authors: Zhou Wen , McKearney Declan , Okada Yusuke , Kobayashi Nagao , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: February 2025

The first structurally characterized ring-reduced and oxidized boron subphthalocyanines include a doubly-reduced trinuclear cluster and ring-oxidized [subPcBF]+. UV-vis absorption spectra and TD-DFT calculations indicate the ring-oxidation state.
Evidence for near-superionic conductivity in the Li3BS3 electrolyte and insights on the lithium orthothioborate transport mechanisms
Authors: Riasati Aarya D. , Das Tridip , Goddard William A.
Published: February 2025

Here, we use classical molecular dynamics to study the stability, diffusivity, and conductivity of the Li3BS3 solid-state electrolyte. We find a superionic conductivity of 2.1 mS cm−1 at 300 K, and an activation energy of +0.19 eV.
Using an aromatic linker to optimize charge-resonance states, photodimerization and reversibility in covalent anthracene dimers
Authors: Lam Kevin , Dillon Robert J. , Carreras Abel , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kubo Takashi , Al-Kaysi Rabih O. , Casanova David , Bardeen Christopher J.
Published: February 2025

A class of asymmetric bis(anthracene) photochromes utilizing the [4+4] photodimerization reaction is shown to be a promising negative photochromic system, with high isomerization quantum yield, room temperature reversibility, and cyclability.
Temperature and concentration dependence of the ionic charge transfer between solid and liquid Li+ electrolytes – the systems LLZO:Ta/LiPF6–EC–DMC, LATP/LiPF6–EC–DMC and LLZO:Ta/LiBOB–DME–THF
Authors: Wekking Tobias , Finsterbusch Martin , Korte Carsten
Published: February 2025

The kinetics of the electrochemically driven Li+ ion transfer from a liquid to a solid ceramic electrolyte is investigated. The activation energy of a Butler–Volmer-like interface transfer and of a low conducting degradation layer can be separated.
In2F2 monolayer: a new class of two-dimensional materials with negative Poisson's ratio and topological phase
Authors: Yalameha Shahram , Zahmatkesh Javad , Zamanian Fatemeh , Nourbakhsh Zahra
Published: February 2025

In2F2 monolayer: DFT reveals auxetic (NPR) and topological insulator properties. Stable, with low work function and anisotropic optical absorption.
Face-on oriented self-assembled molecules with enhanced π–π stacking for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells on rough FTO substrates
Authors: Du Jiajun , Chen Jinling , Ouyang Beilin , Sun Anxin , Tian Congcong , Zhuang Rongshan , Chen Chen , Liu Shuo , Chen Qianwen , Li Ziyi , Wu Xiling , Cai Jingyu , Zhao Yuyang , Li Ran , Xue Teng , Cen Tiantian , Zhao Kaibo , Chen Chun-Chao
Published: February 2025

4PABCz molecules with asymmetric structures form dense coverage on FTO substrates owing to their robust multilayered structure with strong intermolecular π–π stacking and face-on configuration for efficient charge transport.
Effect of inoculum percentage and hydrogen supply on hydrogenotrophic denitrification driven by anaerobic granular sludge
Authors: Marino Emanuele , Oliva Armando , Papirio Stefano , Esposito Giovanni , Pirozzi Francesco
Published: February 2025

Hydrogenotrophic denitrification driven by granular sludge is an eco-friendly alternative to conventional separation-based techniques, which ensure process stability, high NO3− removal efficiency and minimal greenhouse gas emissions.
Insights from protein frustration analysis of BRD4–cereblon degrader ternary complexes show separation of strong from weak degraders
Authors: Yang Tianyi , Mukhaleva Elizaveta , Wei Wenyuan , Weiss Dahlia , Ma Ning , Shanmugasundaram Veerabahu , Vaidehi Nagarajan
Published: February 2025

Strong ligand directed degraders stabilize the hydrophobic residue burial between the E3 ligase and the target protein to be degraded. Weak degraders destabilize the ternary complex through multiple mechanisms.
DABCO dicationic ionic solid supported polymer (DDIS@PS) mediated synthesis of diverse 2-amino-4H-chromenes and xanthenes: a cascade Knoevenagel–Michael approach
Authors: Rajmane Archana , Patil Nita , Patil Anuradha , Kamble Sumit , Kumbhar Arjun
Published: February 2025

This work documented the synthesis of diverse bioactive polysubstituted 2-amino-4H-chromenes using a DABCO dicationic ionic solid (DDIS) supported on Merrifield resin (DDIS@PS) as a catalyst.
Facile synthesis of cationic covalent organic frameworks with abundant protonated pyridine nitrogen groups for selective absorption of organic dyes
Authors: Lu Shuanglong , Zhang Kunpeng , Wu Yu , Duan Fang , Du Mingliang
Published: February 2025

Facile synthesis of cationic covalent organic frameworks with abundant protonated pyridine nitrogen groups for selective absorption of organic dyes was investigated.
Mechanical modulation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide alloys
Authors: Alboteanu Guy , Mordehai Dan , Ya'akobovitz Assaf
Published: February 2025

We developed a process to build suspended Mo1−xWxS2 nano-drumheads using a diffusion-based alloying process and investigated their mechanics via experiments and theoretical simulations.
Nanocatalysis—facing a sustainable future
Authors: Lin Zhiqun , Kim In Young , Personick Michelle L.
Published: February 2025

Zhiqun Lin, In Young Kim, and Michelle Personick introduce the Nanoscale themed collection on Nanocatalysis.
Piezoelectric polymers and their applications in antimicrobial fields
Authors: Wang Xiuqing , Zhang Shujun , Hu Yushan , Zhou Wen , Huang Xiaojing
Published: February 2025

Piezoelectric polymers exhibit antimicrobial effects when triggered by mechanical energy. This review summarized their effects and applications in antimicrobial fields, aiming to inspire further in-depth explorations and innovative applications.
Porous Na2Fe(SO4)2/C: high pseudocapacitive contribution for accelerated sodium storage kinetics
Authors: Zhang Xiyue , Zhou Yingjie , Hou Minjie , Yang Xiecheng , Ren Kun , Dong Peng , Qin Jiaqian , Zhang Da , Liang Feng
Published: February 2025

Extrinsic pseudocapacitive cathode materials were synthesized through the simple ball milling and annealing process, which enhances the sodium storage kinetics.
Revisiting the anti-heavy-atom effect: absence of halogen-based bonding and lack of enhanced aggregation-induced emission in bromine-substituted tetraphenylethylene derivatives
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Zhao Xiaoyang , Chen Xinrui , Ying Lei , Miao Xinrui
Published: February 2025

Four ETTP derivatives with reversible mechanofluorochromic properties were synthesized. The fluorescence intensity of the brominated ETTP derivatives decreases due to the absence of halogen-based bonding.
Exceeding flexpectations: a combined experimental and computational investigation of structural flexibility in 3-dimensional linker-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Smoljan Courtney S. , Formalik Filip , Barsoum Michael L. , Fahy Kira M. , Gaidimas Madeleine A. , Son Florencia A. , Xie Haomiao , Idrees Karam B. , Farha Omar K. , Snurr Randall Q.
Published: February 2025

Designing sorbents with sub-angstrom pore control is challenging due to the inherent flexibility of MOFs. We explore two systems with varying linker bulkiness to delineate types of flexibility (local or global) based on the energetics driving them.
Structure–property relationship of atomically-precise silver acetylide clusters in the electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Curet Leonard , Foix Dominique , Ducos Stephane , Billon Laurent , Palomares Emilio , Viterisi Aurelien
Published: February 2025

Synthesis and properties of a library of all-alkynyl silver cluster catalysts for the electroreduction of CO2.
Room temperature operated flexible MWCNTs/Nb2O5 hybrid breath sensor for the non-invasive detection of an exhaled diabetes biomarker
Authors: Verma Gulshan , Sarraf Sonu , Basu Aviru K. , Ranjan Pranay , Gupta Ankur
Published: February 2025

Flexible gas/breath sensors have emerged as a transformative solution in personalized healthcare, offering innovative approaches for remote, non-invasive, and continuous monitoring of health indicators from breath samples.
Bicyclic sulfonium pincer ligand with a thiatriptycenium backbone-synthesis and applications in π-acid catalysis
Authors: Zafar Mohammad , Shamali Donia , Barel Nitsan , Danovich David , Tulchinsky Yuri
Published: February 2025

A bicyclic PSP-pincer sulfonium ligand with a triptycene-like scaffold was synthesized and coordinated to a bis-cationic Pt(ii) center The resulting photostable tris-cationic complex demonstrated an excellent performance as a π-acid catalyst.
Unravelling Optical Properties and Self-Assembly Behavior of Ciprofloxacin in Ionic Liquid Environments: Probing the Role of Cationic Residues and Counter Anions
Authors: Patra Swapan , Dey Nilanjan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the interaction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with three different ionic liquids (ILs) with distinct cationic residues (pyrrolidinium, IL1 vs imidazolium, IL2, with bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide as counter anion and...
Correction: Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of PF6− accelerated by H+ or Al3+ in aqueous solution
Authors: Miyashita Takuto , Yasuda Kouji , Uda Tetsuya
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of PF6− accelerated by H+ or Al3+ in aqueous solution’ by Takuto Miyashita et al., Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 2025, 11, 281–292, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4EW00758A.
Advancing structure modeling from cryo-EM maps with deep learning
Authors: Li Shu , Terashi Genki , Zhang Zicong , Kihara Daisuke
Published: February 2025

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structural biology by enabling the determination of biomolecular structures that are challenging to resolve using conventional methods. Interpreting a cryo-EM map requires accurate modeling of the structures of underlying biomolecules. Here, we concisely discuss the evolution and current state of automatic structure modeling from cryo-EM density maps. We classify modeling methods into two categories: de novo modeling methods from high-resolution maps (better than 5 Å) and methods that model by fitting individual structures of component proteins to maps at lower resolution (worse than 5 Å). Special attention is given to the role of deep learning in the modeling process, highlighting how AI-driven approaches are transformative in cryo-EM structure modeling. We conclude by discussing future directions in the field.
A new prescription for the spectral properties of population III stellar populations
Authors: Lecroq Marie , Charlot Stéphane , Bressan Alessandro , Bruzual Gustavo , Costa Guglielmo , Iorio Giuliano , Mapelli Michela , Santoliquido Filippo , Shepherd Kendall , Spera Mario
Published: February 2025

We investigated various emission properties of extremely low metallicity stellar populations in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), using the new GALSEVN model, which has shown promising agreement between spectral predictions and observations at lower redshifts and higher metallicities. We find that emission-line diagnostics previously proposed to discriminate between population III (Pop III) stars and other primordial ionizing sources are effective, but only for stellar-population ages below ∼1 Myr. We provide other key quantities relevant to modeling Pop III stellar populations in the EoR, such as the production efficiency of ionizing photons, which is critical for reionization studies, the production rate of Lyman-Werner photons, which can dissociate H2 and influence the efficiency of star formation, and the rates of different types of supernovæ, offering insights into the timescales of chemical enrichment in metal-poor environments. We complement our study with a self-consistent investigation of the gravitational-wave signals generated by the mergers of binary black holes that formed through stellar evolution and their detectability. The results presented here provide valuable predictions for the study of the EoR, on the crucial role of low-metallicity stellar populations in reionization mechanisms and star formation, as well as meaningful insights into potential observational counterparts to direct detections of Pop III stars.
Tests and calibrations of stellar models with two triply eclipsing triple systems
Authors: Valle G. , Dell’Omodarme M. , Prada Moroni P. G. , Degl’Innocenti S.
Published: February 2025

Aims. We investigated the possibility of using two recently characterised triply eclipsing triple systems to constrain stellar model parameters. We specifically focused on evaluating the influence of the underlying astrophysical assumptions employed in the characterisation of the system to fix absolute values of the radii, effective temperatures, and metallicity.

Methods. We used dense grids of pre-computed stellar models to fit the data for the triply eclipsing systems with a modified version of the SCEPtER pipeline

Results. We achieve an excellent agreement with observational data for TIC 650024463, which comprises three low-mass main-sequence (MS) stars. We find it has an age of 9.0+1.4-1.1
Gyr and a multimodal posterior density. Characterising TIC 323486857 proved more challenging. This system comprises two intermediate-mass MS stars and a slightly more massive tertiary in the red giant branch phase. For this last system we tested alternative scenarios for convective core overshooting. When all stars were assumed to have the same overshooting efficiency, significant discrepancies arose with the observed data for the tertiary star. This discrepancy may arise from the different assumptions regarding overshooting efficiency made for the observational characterisation of the system, in which an increasing overshooting efficiency with stellar mass was adopted. By allowing independent overshooting efficiencies for all stars, we recovered a solution close to that adopted in the system observational characterisation. Encouragingly, despite the relevant differences between the adopted stellar models and those used for the observational characterisation, we found a system age of 2.33+0.18-0.16
Gyr in all the tested scenarios, and this age is in agreement with independent determinations.
Management of Recurrent Osteoid Osteoma: Case Report
Authors: Das Trupthi , Uthappa M.C. , Devathu Ravikanth
Published: February 2025

Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumor accounting for 10% of all benign bone tumors and 2 to 3% of all primary bone tumors. Pain is the predominant presenting symptom demanding medical attention. Radiofrequency ablation has become the standard line of treatment due to its high clinical success rate. Although it is highly effective, the recurrence rate is estimated to be in the range of 7 to 16.3%, with younger individuals having higher recurrence rates. We report a unique case of recurrent osteoid osteoma with a metachronous lesion in a female child for which radiofrequency ablation of both the lesions was performed, which proved to be effective.
Stability for the two-dimensional anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Qiu Hua , Chen Mingtao
Published: February 2025

The stabilization effect of a background magnetic field on electrically conducting fluids has attracted attention very recently, since a remarkable phenomenon was observed through physical experiments and numerical simulations. To shed light on this phenomenon, we focus on a special two-dimensional anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic equation near a background magnetic field with mixed dissipation. We study the stability problem and large time behavior of solutions. Precisely, we obtain the global stability of smooth solution for the two-dimensional nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic system in the sense of H2. In addition, we also establish the large time behavior with explicit decay rates to the linearized system.
Broadband metamaterial absorber in the C–Ku bands by exploiting FeCo–C
Authors: Duong T. X. , Tung D. K. , Pham T. S. , Nguyen H. A. , Tung B. S. , Hai N. P. , Hanh V. T. H. , Dat T. Q. , Khuyen B. X. , Lam V. D.
Published: February 2025

In this research, we have designed a hybrid metamaterial absorber (HMA) based magnetic material from C to the Ku-band. The magnetic material was prepared by the ball milling method with differences in the mass ratio of the FeCo alloy to C. The HMA structure consists of four layers: FeCo–C, metallic structure (two punched-in rings with four L-shape in the edges), dielectric (FR-4), and continuous metallic layer. The widest absorption spectrum of structure based FeCo–C (75%C) in a frequency range of 6.9–16.8 GHz with absorption exceeding 90%. The absorption mechanism has also been carefully analyzed through the distribution of surface current and power loss density. These findings may advance the design of devices leveraging metamaterials, including applications in stealth radar technology, electromagnetic shielding for health and safety, and reduction of electromagnetic interference for high-performance electronic and communication systems.
Replicator dynamics with feedback-evolving games in heterogeneous populations
Authors: Yu Xiaotong , Deng Chuang , Liang Haili , Ren Xiaoqiang , Wang Xiaofan
Published: February 2025

Understanding the dynamics of cooperation in public goods games is critical for enhancing collaborative efforts across various domains, yet existing literature often overlooks the complexities introduced by heterogeneous participants. In order to characterize the heterogeneity of populations, we divide individuals into knowledgeable individuals and ordinary individuals, and the games organized by different focal individuals may have different efficiency. In this study, we introduce feedback evolution games where strategies coevolve with the multiplication factor of the defector. Our results indicate that full cooperation is frequently unfeasible in crowdsourcing contexts, consistent with real-world observations. Moreover, for organizers, the increase in the proportion of knowledgeable individuals carries not only direct costs but also indirect costs that may arise from defectors. Importantly, we highlight that the speed of feedback updates plays a crucial role in fostering group cooperation, with a sufficiently high update speed being essential to overcoming social dilemmas. These insights not only advance our understanding of strategic decision-making in collaborative environments but also provide actionable implications for promoting cooperation in complex social systems.
Minimizing nature's cost: Exploring data-free physics-informed neural network solvers for fluid mechanics applications
Authors: Elmaradny Abdelrahman , Atallah Ahmed , Taha Haithem
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we present a novel approach for fluid dynamic simulations by leveraging the capabilities of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) guided by the newly unveiled Principle of Minimum Pressure Gradient (PMPG). In a PINN formulation, the physics problem is converted into a minimization problem (typically least squares). The PMPG asserts that for incompressible flows, the total magnitude of the pressure gradient over the domain must be minimum at every time instant, turning fluid mechanics into minimization problems, making it an excellent choice for PINNs formulation. Following the PMPG, the proposed PINN formulation seeks to construct a neural network for the flow field that minimizes Nature's cost function for incompressible flows in contrast to traditional PINNs that minimize the residuals of the Navier–Stokes equations. This technique eliminates the need to train a separate pressure model, thereby reducing training time and computational costs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through a case study of inviscid flow around a cylinder. The proposed approach outperforms the traditional PINNs approach in terms of training time, convergence rate, and compliance with physical metrics. While demonstrated on a simple geometry, the methodology is extensible to more complex flow fields (e.g., three-dimensional, unsteady, and viscous flows) within the incompressible realm, which is the region of applicability of the PMPG.
Effect of the spacing ratio on vortex-induced vibration of three rigidly coupled cylinders in an equilateral-triangular arrangement
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Sun Yifei , Liu Qingkuan , Lu Chuan
Published: February 2025

Equilateral-triangular arrangements of three-cylinder systems and rigid connection measures are common in engineering. In this paper, three cylinders in three equilateral-triangle arrangements with spacing ratios L/D = 2, 4, and 6 at a Reynolds number Re = 200 are studied through a numerical simulation. The characteristics of vortex-induced vibration (VIV), aerodynamic force, and flow field are analyzed. The results show that the variation trends of the VIV responses in relation to the spacing ratio of the three rigidly coupled cylinders vary depending on different cases (case A, case B, and case C). The lock-in regions of d/D = 2 are significantly larger than those for the other spacing ratios. At this spacing ratio, the vibration amplitude in case A is smaller than that in other cases, which may be caused by the bifurcation between the lock-in region. The lock-in region for frequency corresponds to or is slightly less than the vibration region. In the late lock-in region, the vortex shedding frequency is several times higher than the natural vibration frequency for d/D = 2 in cases B and C. The wake changes obviously with the increase in spacing ratio. The wake appears as merging vortexes in the transverse directions at large reduced velocities for d/D = 2. The wake parallel vortex in the lock-in region excites large vibrations for d/D = 4 and 6 in cases B and C.
Experimental investigation on liquid sloshing in a rectangular container with an elastic cover
Authors: Huang Linmeiyu , Feng Baofeng , Hu Mingyang , Yang Xiaoyan , Li Xiaochen
Published: February 2025

We present an experimental study on the natural sloshing frequencies and damping ratios of a liquid-elastic plate coupled system. Two types of edges including complete clamped edges and combined edges (two free and two clamped) are examined. The natural sloshing frequencies measured experimentally agree well with the theoretical predictions. Our findings indicate that the natural frequencies tend to increase with the number of clamped edges with other parameters fixed, while the damping ratio exhibits an opposite trend. Despite the general agreement, there are still minor deviations between analytical solutions and experimental measurements. For combined edges, these deviations increase with liquid depth, whereas for complete clamped edges, they decrease. We attribute these discrepancies primarily to the theoretical assumption that the surface elevation is equal to plate deflection across the entire plate, which is inconsistent with the experimental observation. Furthermore, the rapid decay of the coupled system may also introduce additional measurement errors.
Direct numerical simulation of supersonic turbulent boundary layers subject to a micro-suction duct
Authors: Xiao Ting , Wu Xiaoshuai , Zhao Yuxin
Published: February 2025

Wall suction via micro ducts is one promising approach of turbulence control in practical engineering and involves a series of fundamental issues that urgently need to be resolved. Presently, direct numerical simulation (DNS) is employed to study the supersonic turbulent boundary layers subjected to a micro-suction duct, with the aim of unveiling the inner-outer coupling of micro-flows. The analyses are made by exploiting the parametric DNS datasets based on tuning the back pressure prescribed at the duct exit. Numerical results demonstrate that the micro-duct, although with size one-order of magnitude smaller than boundary layer thickness, can actually cause considerable three-dimensional modification to the passing turbulence. The local mean flow highlights the existence of a leading ellipsoid-shaped vortex weakly connected to a pair of counter-rotating vortex (CRV) legs, situated downstream the suction orifice. Above the suction orifice, interestingly the peaks of turbulence intensity residing the buffer layer are moderately depressed, while the fluctuations underneath are notably energized, with the appearance of crossover trend between two positions. In the downstream, examining the relative differences of Reynolds normal stresses reveals the coexisting regions wherein the streamwise component is suppressed while the wall-normal and spanwise components are amplified. This is the evidence that CRV legs tend to enforce the energy redistribution from the streamwise direction toward the transverse counterparts. Detailed temporal spectra further point to that the suction induces a new kind of low-frequency unsteadiness, with the dominant mode of pressure fluctuations shifting toward lower temporal frequencies.
Effect of suction flow in water vortex unit on maximum suction force and flow field
Authors: Lyu Xinrui , Shi Kaige , Li Xin
Published: February 2025

Water vortex unit (WVU) is a non-contact negative pressure generation device that uses water as the working fluid. It operates by injecting fluid into a cylindrical chamber through a nozzle, generating negative pressure and suction force through rotational flow. However, high-velocity swirling flow is confined near the cylinder wall, resulting in a pressure distribution characterized by a steep drop near the periphery and a relatively flat profile in the central region. This phenomenon limits further enhancement of suction force. This study redesigned the hydraulic circuit, allowing water that would have leaked to circulate within the hydraulic system. This modification resulted in a WVU with a steeper F–Q curve. Nevertheless, due to a reduction in the maximum flow rate, the maximum suction force only increased by 12%. The paper further proposes a new WVU structure that introduces a suction chamber. By drawing water through tangential suction holes on the suction chamber, the maximum flow rate of the WVU is increased, leading to an additional 83% increase in the maximum suction force. Finally, the role of the critical structural parameter, the suction chamber diameter, was analyzed. The results indicate that both excessively small and large suction chamber diameters can have adverse effects on the WVU.
Anisotropic phonon responses of 2D NbOX2 (X=Cl, Br, I) under uniaxial tensile strain
Authors: Fan Xiaoyue , Shen Ziling , Hu Deng , Liu Youning , Tang Tianhong , Yang Wenchen , Liu Haiyang , Song Yuxin , Wang Qinsheng , Liu Baoli , Wang Zhiwei , Zhou Jin-Jian , Wang Gang
Published: February 2025

The van der Waals crystal NbOX2 (X = Cl, Br, I) has recently attracted much attention due to its remarkable in-plane anisotropy and substantial second-order nonlinear optical response. Moreover, the importance of modulating its physical properties through strain has become increasingly prominent. Herein, we investigate the anisotropic phonon response of NbOX2 along various crystallographic directions under uniaxial tensile strain by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that opposing frequency shifts manifest in the Raman modes when uniaxial tensile strain is applied either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, and the highest frequency peak, P5, shows significant blue or red shifts. Density functional theory calculation results are consistent with the observed Raman shifts under strain. The change in Nb–O bond length is the main reason for the significant blue shift of P5. The anisotropic and pronounced frequency shifts of NbOX2 under strain can serve as sensitive indicators for strain modulation, offering insights for potential applications such as flexible optoelectronic devices and strain sensors.
Hydrodynamic improvement of trimarans through multiple foils for trim control, resistance reduction, and wake attenuation in planing operations
Authors: Ghadimi Aliakbar , Ghassemi Hassan , Ghadimi Parviz
Published: February 2025

Minimizing fuel consumption has become a critical focus in marine vessel development to significantly lower environmental impact and operational costs. One promising approach involves minimizing vessel resistance by installing four hydrofoils—two parallel at the bow and two at the stern—on a trimaran hull. This study assesses the hydrodynamic performance of these hydrofoils across Froude numbers ranging from 1 to 1.5, utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics with Star-CCM+ (Simulation of Turbulent flow in Arbitrary Regions–Computational Continuum Mechanics (C++ based)) software and k-epsilon turbulence model. Mesh sensitivity analysis was conducted, and numerical results were validated against the experimental data of DC372 catamaran and Wigley trimaran, showing good agreement. Findings reveal that trim (height difference between bow and stern) behavior of trimaran varies based on foil type and Froude number. Among tested vessels, asymmetric foiled trimaran demonstrates the lowest trim, while symmetric foiled produces the highest. The non-hydrofoil trimaran shows stable trim up to a Froude number of 1.3, beyond which it increases notably. In terms of sinkage (downward displacement of a vessel), asymmetric hydrofoil causes the most significant sinkage, while non-hydrofoil trimaran exhibits the least. Asymmetric hydrofoil achieves the highest lift-to-drag coefficient ratio across all Froude numbers, offering superior efficiency, while symmetric hydrofoil maintains consistent performance at various speeds. Overall, the asymmetric foil stands out for its reduced trim, sinkage, and drag, making it an excellent choice for improving trimaran efficiency and stability. Meanwhile, symmetric hydrofoils help attenuate the wake around and behind the vessel at most Froude numbers, offering additional benefits for certain operational conditions.
Life in the big smoke: terrestrial vertebrate assemblages and their drivers along an urbanisation gradient in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Boer-Cueva Martín , Cairncross Rhys , Crowther Mathew S. , Finnerty Patrick B. , Raña Angela F. , Banks Peter B. , Newsome Thomas M.
Published: February 2025

Context Urban areas are rapidly expanding, increasing anthropogenic pressure on global biodiversity. There are many threats associated with urbanisation, such as habitat loss and the spread of invasive species. Thus, to effectively manage urban greenspaces for native species, we need to understand species assemblages, and the factors that influence their diversity. Aims We assessed how assemblages of terrestrial vertebrate species differ across urbanisation levels in northern Sydney, Australia, and whether habitat characteristics influenced them. We also investigated the role of invasive species in these areas by comparing daily activity patterns between invasive and native species. Methods Nine forest (dry sclerophyll) patches, surrounded by three urbanisation levels (high-urban, mid-urban and low-urban), each with five motion-sensor cameras, were used to survey terrestrial fauna in northern Sydney from May to July 2023. Five vegetation variables and eight spatial variables were also recorded at each patch. Key results There were differences in terrestrial vertebrate assemblages across the three urbanisation levels, with more invasive species, including red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and black rats (Rattus rattus), in high-urban areas. We also found native species assemblages (particularly superb lyrebirds, Menura novaehollandiae; long-nosed bandicoots, Perameles nasuta; and bush rats, Rattus fuscipes) to differ with tall and low shrub cover, whereas invasive species did not differ. Furthermore, mean activity peaks did not differ between red foxes and a critical weight range (CWR) mammal was recorded in high-urban sites. Last, we observed a significant negative relationship between invasive species richness and native species diversity. Conclusions Urbanisation has a strong effect on the assemblages, activity and interactions of native and invasive terrestrial vertebrate species in Sydney. Whereas remnant patches may support native species, the prevalence of invasive fauna in areas that are more highly urbanised may compound other factors affecting biodiversity. Implications This study has provided a baseline understanding of urban terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in northern Sydney, and has shown that mid-urban areas may be good candidates for reintroduction sites. Our findings can be used to guide management actions to support the conservation or re-establishment of native species in the region or other urban areas.
A corpus-based cognitive linguistic analysis of taste terms
Authors: Zhang Ting , Lahlou Hicham , Azam Yasir
Published: February 2025

From a cognitive linguistic perspective, this article delves into the polysemy between the English term
sour and its Chinese counterpart suan. The research aims to achieve two key objectives: (1)
To explore the similarities and differences in the polysemy of sour in English and suan in
Chinese; (2) To identify the cognitive mechanisms that motivate the semantic expansion of sour in English and
suan in Chinese. To this end, 《汉语大词典》 (the Great Chinese Dictionary), The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the British National Corpus
(BNC), and the Centre for Chinese Linguistics (CCL) Chinese-English Parallel Corpus were used. The dictionaries are utilized to
explore the polysemy of sour and suan, while the BNC and CCL Chinese-English Parallel Corpus are
employed to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying the semantic extensions of the selected terms. Theoretically, this
article draws upon the conceptual metaphor and metonymy theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson. The findings reveal significant
semantic overlap between sour in English and suan in Chinese, yet notable distinctions remain.
This study has implications for vocabulary teaching as well as cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.
Field-induced spin-state transition, critical exponents and non-equilibrium-memory effects in semi-spin-glass perovskite (LaNd)(CoMn)O3
Authors: Tiwari P , Atkar S A , Sharma P , Datta A , Singha A D , Roy-Chowdhury M , Sarkar T , Thota S
Published: February 2025

Efficient control of the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Rare-earth (RE) based perovskites (ABO3) is crucial for advanced spintronic applications and can be achieved by means of site-specific substitution. In this comprehensive study, we explore the role of (Nd)A-site and (Mn)B-site co-substitution on the physical properties of pristine LaCoO3 perovskite. The resulting compound La0.5Nd0.5Co0.5Mn0.5O3 (LNCMO) with an orthorhombic (Pbnm) crystal structure (a =5.4811(4) Å, b = 5.5074(4) Å and c =7.7491(5) Å) exhibits a significantly reduced Jahn-Teller distortion (JT) compared to pristine LaCoO3 with a monoclinic (I2/a) structure. The ac-magnetic susceptibility χ(T, f, Hdc
) measurements and wait time dependence of the isothermal magnetization M(t) provide clear evidence for the re-entrant spin-glass-like behavior with freezing temperature TSG =133 K below the ferrimagnetic Curie temperature (TFiM
∼137.4 K). Additionally, the asymmetric response of magnetic relaxation in the system to positive and negative temperature cycling well below the freezing temperature has been explained by means of the hierarchical model. Furthermore, a giant coercivity (HC
∼14 kOe) and remanence (MR
∼ 6440 emu mol−1 ) with weak loop-asymmetry indicates the presence of large magnetic anisotropy in LNCMO, evidenced by a high magneto-crystalline anisotropy field (HK ∼80 kOe) and anisotropy constant (K1
∼ 1.45 × 107 erg cm−3). The unique electronic structure of trivalent Nd (5f
3) and mixed valent Mn (3d
4/3d
3) with spin-orbit coupling energies 4 eV and 11.43 eV/10.51 eV, respectively and competing exchange interaction (∼0.67 meV) between Mn and Co cations in different pathways results in enhanced magnetic-order parameters. Moreover, the co-substitution results to a pseudo-first order like state close to the spin-state transition H* of Co (S = 0 → 2) which has been verified by the modified Arrott plot analysis yielding critical exponents β = 0.67, γ = 1.44 and δ = 3.13. A field-induced metamagnetic transition HT emerges in the range 30 K ⩽T⩽ 130 K which has been mapped along with other parameters resulting in a H-T phase diagram which clearly distinguishes various magnetic phases and sharp crossover between the different states providing a clear and vivid picture of the overall magnetic structure of LNCMO.
Hydrogen adsorption and properties of goldene: a first-principles study
Authors: Sheremetyeva Natalya , Meunier Vincent
Published: February 2025

Goldene, a single-atom Au monolayer with a hexagonal lattice in the P6/mmm space group, exhibits interesting hyrdrogen absorption properties, as revealed using density functional theory calculations. This study focuses on H-adsorbed goldene at different coverage ratios, and provides insights into the energetic and electronic properties of this system, distinguishing it from the well-studied pristine goldene. Hydrogen adsorption on goldene, while energetically comparable to bulk gold, shows a slight reduction in energetic favorability and introduces specific scanning tunneling microscopy images, reported here for the first time. Raman spectra of H-adsorbed goldene at a 1/9 coverage ratio are also first reported here, along with a vibrational mode analysis, highlighting distinct atomic displacement patterns. Finally, for completeness, previously reported results on the dynamical and mechanical stability of pristine goldene are reported, with a special emphasis on the quadratic flexural mode characteristic of 2D materials. New insights into the thermodynamic properties of goldene compared to bulk gold are also discussed. Although bulk gold remains thermodynamically more stable at all temperatures, the vibrational contributions to the Helmholtz free energy favor goldene above 175 K, narrowing the stability gap with temperature. Overall, this study validates goldene’s robustness and expands its potential for experimental and theoretical exploration in the context of hydrogen adsorption and functionalized 2D materials more broadly.
Influence of bad contact electrode on electrical impedance tomography data quality: a perspective of clinical application
Authors: He Sini , Yuan Jia Li , Dai Meng , Zhao Zhanqi , Peng Peng , Liu Tian , Jiang Junhong , Yang Lin , Wen Chuanxue
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bad contact electrodes on the quality of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data and the reliability of lung ventilation imaging. Thirty healthy volunteers were examined using EIT under normal relaxed tidal breathing in a supine position. The five electrode–skin contact conditions (C1–C5) for electrode No. 2 were defined by systematically varying the contact area. Specifically, C1 represented full contact, C2 covered 25% of the electrode surface, C3 covered 50%, C4 covered 75%, and C5 involved completely covering the electrode with an insulating material to simulate high impedance. Three scenarios (S
A
, S
B
, S
C
) were established: S
A
maintained impedance stability, S
B
simulated variations in contact, and S
C
introduced dynamic changes in impedance during a single breath cycle. EIT parameter-based deviation scores were used to assess spatial and temporal ventilation distributions across varying electrode contact conditions and the Bland–Altman plot was used to assess image quality. Deviation scores in S
A
consistently hovered around 0.0, except for C5, which scored 8.5 ± 4.0. In contrast, S
B
displayed significantly higher deviation scores, with C2 recording the lowest at 4.0 ± 4.0. The absolute differences in tidal impedance variation between S
A
and S
B
remained minimal across all conditions. However, significant differences emerged between S
A
and S
C
from C2 onwards, where a notable shift in left–right lung ventilation distribution was observed. Changes in electrode contact impedance significantly impact the quality of EIT data. While absolute impedance within a stable range has minimal effect, fluctuations within a breath cycle compromise image quality.
Novel induction plate configuration for permanent magnet electrodynamic wheel systems based on electromagnetic force optimization and its implementation on HTS system
Authors: Chen Yihao , Liang Le , Lin Wangxuan , Deng Zigang
Published: February 2025

Permanent magnet electrodynamic wheel (PMEDW) has a broad application prospect because of its unique advantage of integrating levitation and propulsion functions. Considering the cost of the mentioned materials, a low-cost stacked plate design for the induction plate in the PMEDW system is proposed and tested, to improve the electromagnetic force in this paper. The feasibility of the proposed structure is verified through theoretical analysis, finite element simulation analysis, and experimental testing. Firstly, the basic structure and principle of the proposed stacked plate are analyzed. Then, a preliminary simulation analysis is carried out to calculate the electromagnetic force, power loss, and efficiency. The stacked structure has high static levitation efficiency and driving efficiency and has low power loss. Subsequently, experimental tests were conducted and the results showed that the levitation and propulsion forces were effectively increased by 12.99% and 4.8%, respectively. Finally, the stacked plate is verified to have good propulsion capability by a high-speed test bed. This work can significantly enhance the levitation-propulsion features of the PMEDW system. In addition, because the PMEDW has the propulsion ability to replace linear motors, it can be combined with the HTS Maglev train, which greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.
CTAB-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of micro-sheets like Ni-BDC electrode material for supercapacitor application
Authors: Khokhar Shiwani , Chand Prakash , Anand Hardeep
Published: February 2025

An innovative CTAB-assisted technique was used to fabricate Ni-BDC through the solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction and FESEM imaging unveiled the crystalline structure and microsheet-like morphology of Ni-BDC. The FTIR technique and BET isotherm analysis were employed to delve deeper into the molecular interactions and surface properties of the material. Electrochemical analysis in a 2M KOH alkaline electrolyte solution revealed that, at 3 A/g, Ni-BDC demonstrates an optimum specific capacitance of 800 F/g. The synthesized MOF demonstrates impressive capacitance retention of 69.2% after enduring 1200 charge–discharge cycles at a rate of 15 A/g, highlighting its robust performance and long-term stability in energy storage applications. These electrochemical findings suggest that the micro-sheet-like Ni-BDC electrode holds considerable promise for applications in energy storage field.
Numerical Study of heat transfer performance of geothermal pile-foundation heat exchanger in ground source heat pump system
Authors: Bao Xiangzhong , Zhang Hezhi , Guo Shuai , Chen Zhenqian
Published: February 2025

To evaluate the thermal conductivity performance of geothermal pile-based heat transfer units utilized within ground source heat pump (GCHP) frameworks, we developed physical models encompassing both solitary pile-based heat transfer devices and assemblies of such units. A thorough examination was conducted into the heat exchange mechanics and efficacy of these devices, covering both refrigerating and warming operational modes. For the purpose of simulating the heat transfer processes within a 3×3 array of energy piles, a real-world scenario involving an office building situated in Nanjing was adopted. Utilizing DeST software, we calculated the annual dynamic building load, which spans the cooling period, the heating period, and the two intervening transition periods. Following a simulated ten-year operational lifespan, it was noted that the average soil temperature exhibited an increase under conditions of non-equilibrium. The outcomes of this study closely mirror real-world conditions and can be harnessed as a theoretical foundation for the design and deployment of pile-foundation heat exchangers within GSHP systems.
Application of the initial power of the P-Wave method to determine the P-Wave arrival time for earthquake early warning in the Western Java Region
Authors: Kadnan  , Djuhana Dede , Handoko Djati , Pramono Sigit , Florida Riama Nelly
Published: February 2025

Earthquake early warning systems are very important in mitigating more severe damage from earthquake events. Therefore, the analysis of earthquake signals is essential to obtain precise and accurate timing from earthquake stations in Indonesia. In this work, we have systematically investigated the time arrival of the P-wave from the earthquake signal accelerometer in the West Java region, which measured from 2009 to 2023 with magnitudes varied from M 4.0-to M 7.3. We have carefully filtered the raw data by using a Butterworth highpass filter with a cut-off frequency of 0.075 Hz to produce good data before analyzing the time of arrival of the signal. Then, the Initial Power of the P-wave (IPP) method was applied to the filtered signal data with various long-time and short-time window widths, including various SNRs. Interestingly, the results showed the average deviation of IPP was around 0.053 seconds compared with the conventional method, such as Short Time/Long Time Average (STA/LTA) was around 0.328 seconds. This means the IPP method was better accuracy than the conventional method and its potential for analysing signal in earthquake early warning system.
On the propagation of atmospheric Lamb waves induced by the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Realita A , Manggartika N M A S , Prastowo T , Fahmi M N , Hanifa N K , Madlazim
Published: February 2025

The powerful blast from the Hunga Tonga submarine volcano in the southern Pacific during violent eruption on 15 January 2022 radiated shock waves into the atmosphere, generating air pressure pulses that circled the Earth. The dominant part of the pressure pulses was known as a Lamb wave, with which we were concerned. The objectives of this study were twofold herein. We first analysed the large-scale propagating oscillations and secondly, determined the speed of the Lamb wave. The data were numerical barometric pressures recorded by weather stations of Automated Surface Observing Systems (ASOS), constituting air pressure readings from various locations on Earth, across which a Lamb wave travelled. The pressure records were transformed into atmospheric signatures with different speeds and frequencies, indicating the presence of Lamb waves. The readings utilised for the first and second pulses at different arrival times, where the second arrival corresponded to the Lamb wave from the antipodal point. Using these pulses, we estimated the first and return Lamb wave speeds to be ~324 m/s and ~320 m/s, respectively, within the range of the Lamb wave speed reported by previous studies. The nearly equal speeds of the first incoming and return waves suggest that energy dissipation is relatively small with increasing travel distance. For Indonesia, the result is of significance to better preparedness in response to tsunami potential by possible sources other than earthquakes of tectonic origin, such as volcano-atmospheric processes.