bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancestral area analyses reveal Pleistocene‐influenced evolution in a clade of coastal plain endemic plants
Authors: Naranjo Andre A. , Folk Ryan A. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S.
Published: December 2022

Aim

The North American Coastal Plain is currently recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, the mechanisms driving high levels of species richness in a region with relatively low topographic relief and homogeneous climate are unclear. We investigated the evolutionary processes driving ancestral area evolution and diversification in a biodiversity hotspot from both a systematic and biogeographical context using a clade endemic to the hotspot.

Location

North American Coastal Plain.

Taxon

The Scrub Mint clade (SMC) comprises Dicerandra, Conradina, Piloblephis, Stachydeoma and four species of Clinopodium (Mentheae; Lamiaceae), almost all of which are endemic to the North American Coastal Plain.

Methods

We generated a dated phylogeny using a target enrichment/capture dataset and then calculated ancestral area using biogeographical models. We uncovered neo‐ and palaeo‐endemism hotspots and inferred ancestral potential ranges at each node based on ancestral niche reconstructions and palaeoclimatic data to understand the geographical range evolution of subclades.

Results

Ancestral area for the SMC was inferred to be the Florida Panhandle/Apalachicola River basin. A diversification event likely happened around the mid‐Pleistocene Transition. Endemism hotspots were recovered in NE Florida, the Atlantic Coastal Ridge, and along the Lake Wales Ridge. Reconstructions of potential ranges support biogeographical findings, with the ancestor of the SMC likely located in the vicinity of the northeastern Gulf Coast during interglacial and glacial periods.

Main Conclusions

The timing of diversification events and colonization of new areas by ancestors of the SMC are consistent with the timing of major geological events in the region. The presence of multiple types of endemism highlights the complexity of evolutionary and ecological processes that foster the large number of endemic taxa found in this region. Efforts to identify hotspots in this region will be critical to preserving the remaining pockets of biodiversity threatened by global change.
Low voltage area guided substrate modification in nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moustafa Abdelmoniem , Karim Saima , Kahaly Omar , Elzanaty Ahmed , Meenakshisundaram Chandramohan , Abi‐Saleh Bernard , Eltahawy Ehab , Chacko Paul
Published: December 2022

Background

Low voltage areas (LVAs) on left atrial (LA) bipolar voltage mapping correlate with areas of fibrosis. LVAs guided substrate modification was hypothesized to improve the success rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation particularly in nonparoxysmal AF population. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies yielded mixed results.

Methods

The databases of Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases were searched from inception to August 2022. Relevant studies comparing LVA guided substrate modification (LVA ablation) versus conventional AF ablation (non LVA ablation) in patients with nonparoxysmal AF were identified and a meta‐analysis was performed (Graphical Abstract image). The efficacy endpoints of interest were recurrence of AF and the need for repeat ablation at 1‐year. The safety endpoint of interest was adverse events for both groups. Procedure related endpoints included total procedure time and fluoroscopy time.

Results

A total of 11 studies with 1597 patients were included. A significant reduction in AF recurrence at 1‐year was observed in LVA ablation versus non LVA ablation group (risk ratio [RR] 0.63 (27% vs. 36%),95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.62, p < .001]. Also, redo ablation was significantly lower in LVA ablation group (RR 0.52[18% vs. 26.7%], 95% CI 0.38–0.69, p < .00133). No difference was found in the overall adverse event (RR 0.7 [4.3% vs. 5.4%], 95% CI 0.36–1.35, p = .29).

Conclusion

LVA guided substrate modification provides significant reduction in recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias at 1‐year compared with non LVA approaches in persistent and longstanding persistent AF population without increase in adverse events.
Predictors of response to axicabtagene‐ciloleucel CAR T cells in aggressive B cell lymphomas: A real‐world study
Authors: Iovino Lorenzo , Wu Qian Vicky , Voutsinas Jenna , Panaite Lorena , Mullane Erin , Lynch Ryan C. , Ujjani Chaitra , Smith Stephen D. , Gopal Ajay K. , Till Brian G. , Milano Filippo , Chow Victor , Gauthier Jordan , Turtle Cameron J. , Maloney David G. , Shadman Mazyar
Published: December 2022

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR T) therapy has shown promising efficacy in relapsed and refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While most patients undergo CAR T infusion with active disease, the impact of some clinical variables, such as responsiveness to the pre‐CAR T chemotherapy on the response to CAR T, is unknown. In this single‐institution study, we studied the impact of several pre‐CAR T variables on the post‐CAR outcomes. Sixty patients underwent apheresis for axicabtagene‐ciloleucel (axi‐cel) and 42 of them (70.0%) had primary refractory disease. Bridging therapy between apheresis and lymphodepletion was given in 34 patients (56.7%). After axi‐cel, the overall response rate was 63.3%. Responsiveness to the immediate pre‐CAR T therapy did not show a significant association with response to axi‐cel, progression‐free (PFS) or overall (OS) survival. Multivariable analysis determined that bulky disease before lymphodepletion was independently associated with inferior outcomes, and patients that presented with high‐burden disease unresponsive to immediate pre‐CAR T therapy had a dismal outcome. This data supports proceeding with treatment in CAR T candidates regardless of their response to immediate pre‐CAR T therapy. Interim therapeutic interventions should be considered in patients who have known risk factors for poor outcomes (bulky disease, high LDH).
Antiparasitic effect of copper alloy mesh on tomont stage of Cryptocaryon irritans in aquaculture
Authors: Zahid Aysha , Yu Youbin , Bushra  , Zhou Suming , Xie Xiao , Yin Fei
Published: December 2022

Copper alloy sheets have been shown to prevent cryptocaryoniasis. Therefore, we studied the potential efficiency of copper alloy mesh (CAM) in aquaculture tanks to prevent cryptocaryoniasis outbreaks. The effectivenesses of CAM against the tomont stage of Cryptocaryon irritans and in protecting fish from cryptocaryoniasis were tested both in vitro and in vivo. The mortality rate of C. irritans tomonts increased as the contact time with CAM rose and peaked at 70 min (100% of mortality). Morphological changes were observed such as the shrinking of the protoplasm of the treated tomonts, resulting in a larger gap between the cytoplasm and the cyst wall. Mitochondrial dysfunction due to shrinkage in the inner portion, outer and inner mitochondrial membrane damage and cytoplasmic vacuolation was revealed by ultrastructural analysis. The use of CAM effectively preventing reinfection was also provided. In comparison with group B (infected fish without CAM), both groups A (uninfected fish as a control group) and C (infected fish treated with CAM) had a 100% survival rate until the end of the trial. CAM has the same anticryptocaryoniasis effect as copper alloy sheets but is more advantageous due to its lightweight, reduced labor cost and lower purchase cost. It is noticeable that CAM exposure also prevents the excessive accumulation of copper ions in aquaculture sea water.
Liquidity shocks and intraday price reaction
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: December 2022

Using a global sample of high‐frequency data, I investigate how liquidity shocks affect intraday price movements. I find a negative association between liquidity shocks and price impact. This finding remains robust after considering the exogeneity of liquidity shocks, using alternative windows to measure liquidity shocks, and controlling for volume shocks and volatility shocks. Additional tests show that the documented relation stems from idiosyncratic shocks and sell‐order shocks. Moreover, I find that liquidity shocks are likely driven by uninformed traders. My evidence suggests that the market requires 30 min to accomplish price adjustments when meeting liquidity shocks.
From molecular basics to agronomic benefits: Insights into noncoding RNA‐mediated gene regulation in plants
Authors: Wang Yuqiu , Deng Xing Wang , Zhu Danmeng
Published: December 2022

The development of plants is largely dependent on their growth environment. To better adapt to a particular habitat, plants have evolved various subtle regulatory mechanisms for altering gene expression. Non
coding
RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute a major portion of the transcriptomes of eukaryotes. Various ncRNAs have been recognized as important regulators of the expression of genes involved in essential biological processes throughout the whole life cycles of plants. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biogenesis and contributions of
small
nucle
olar RNA (snoRNA)‐ and regulatory
long
non
coding RNA (lncRNA)‐mediated gene regulation in plant development and environmental responses. Many regulatory ncRNAs appear to be associated with increased yield, quality and disease resistance of various species and cultivars. These ncRNAs may potentially be used as genetic resources for improving agronomic traits and for molecular breeding. The challenges in understanding plant ncRNA biology and the possibilities to make better use of these valuable gene resources in the future are discussed in this review.
Third‐generation sequencing‐selected Scardovia wiggsiae promotes periodontitis progression in mice
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wen , Wu Guan‐Hua , Lee Bor‐Shiunn , Liu Chung‐Te , Li Huei‐Ying , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Chang Po‐Chun , Lin Chun‐Pin , Chou Han‐Yi E. , Hou Hsin‐Han
Published: December 2022

Backgrounds

Periodontitis is an oral‐bacteria‐directed disease that occurs worldwide. Currently, periodontal pathogens are mostly determined using traditional culture techniques, next‐generation sequencing, and microbiological screening system. In addition to the well‐known and cultivatable periodontal bacteria, we aimed to discover a novel periodontal pathogen by using DNA sequencing and investigate its role in the progression of periodontitis.

Objective

This study identified pathogens from subgingival dental plaque in patients with periodontitis by using the Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) third‐generation sequencing system and validated the impact of selected pathogen in periodontitis progression by ligature‐implanted mice.

Methods

Twenty‐five patients with periodontitis and 25 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for metagenomic analysis. The ONT third‐generation sequencing system was used to confirm the dominant bacteria. A mouse model with ligature implantation and bacterial injection verified the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Neutrophil infiltration and osteoclast activity were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase assays in periodontal tissue. Gingival inflammation was evaluated using pro‐inflammatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluids. Alveolar bone destruction in the mice was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results

Scardovia wiggsiae (S. wiggsiae) was dominant in the subgingival plaque of the patients with periodontitis. S. wiggsiae significantly deteriorated ligature‐induced neutrophil infiltration, osteoclast activation, alveolar bone destruction, and the secretion of interleukin‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the mouse model.

Conclusion

Our metagenome results suggested that S. wiggsiae is a dominant flora in patients with periodontitis. In mice, the induction of neutrophil infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine secretion, osteoclast activation, and alveolar bone destruction further verified the pathogenic role of S. wiggsiae in the progress of periodontitis. Future studies investigating the metabolic interactions between S. wiggsiae and other periodontopathic bacteria are warranted.
Powerless, Stupefied, and Repressed Actors Cannot Challenge Climate Change: Real Helplessness as a Barrier Between Environmental Concern and Action
Authors: Gunderson Ryan
Published: December 2022

There is a gap between concern about environmental degradation such as climate change and effective action taken against the forces that drive degradation. This paper argues that real helplessness, a social condition producing powerless, stupefied, and repressed actors, is a fortified barrier between climate concern and effective climate action. Political‐economic analysis has theoretical and methodological implications for environmental social science and helps explain a current conundrum in critical sociology: Why are alternatives to a system that drives climate change and other catastrophic risks still seen as unrealistic? We suffer from a political‐economic system impervious to transformation before we suffer from a lack of alternative ideas.
Investigating Orthographic Versus Auditory Cross‐Situational Word Learning With Online and Laboratory‐Based Testing
Authors: Escudero Paola , Smit Eline A. , Angwin Anthony J.
Published: December 2022

Research has shown that novel words can be learned through the mechanism of statistical or cross‐situational word learning (CSWL). So far, CSWL studies using adult populations have focused on the presentation of spoken words. However, words can also be learned through their written form. This study compared auditory and orthographic presentations of novel words with different degrees of phonological overlap using CSWL in a laboratory‐based and an online‐based approach. In our analyses, we first compared accuracy across modalities, with our findings showing more accurate recognition performance for CSWL when novel words were presented through their written forms (orthographic condition) rather than through their spoken forms (auditory condition). Bayesian modeling suggested that accuracy for the orthographic condition was higher in the laboratory compared to online, whereas performance in the auditory condition was similar across both experiments. We discuss the implications of our findings for presentation modality and the benefits of our online testing protocol for future research.
Retracted: Features of the Development of Future Teachers‐Psychologists' Ability to a Narrative
Authors: Mailybayeva Zhazira , Yermentayeva Ardakh R. , Aikinbayeva Gulden K. , Akhmadiyeva Zhanna K. , Bekova Zhanat K.
Published: December 2022

Mailybayeva, Z., Yermentayeva, A. R., Aikinbayeva, G. K., Akhmadiyeva, Z. K., Bekova, Z. K. (2022) “” Mind, Brain, and Education (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mbe.12343).

The above article, published online on 30 November 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor, Paul Matusz, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. Following publication, concerns were raised by a third party. Further investigation by the Editor and the publisher revealed concerns about the validity of the data. The peer review process was found to be compromised and the authors were not able to provide underlying data to support the conclusions. As a result, the findings reported in the article are not considered reliable. The authors did not respond when informed about the decision to retract.
Redirecting tropane alkaloid metabolism reveals pyrrolidine alkaloid diversity in Atropa belladonna
Authors: Parks Hannah M. , Cinelli Maris A. , Bedewitz Matthew A. , Grabar Josh M. , Hurney Steven M. , Walker Kevin D. , Jones A. Daniel , Barry Cornelius S.
Published: December 2022

Plant‐specialized metabolism is complex, with frequent examples of highly branched biosynthetic pathways, and shared chemical intermediates. As such, many plant‐specialized metabolic networks are poorly characterized.

The N‐methyl Δ1‐pyrrolinium cation is a simple pyrrolidine alkaloid and precursor of pharmacologically important tropane alkaloids. Silencing of pyrrolidine ketide synthase (AbPyKS) in the roots of Atropa belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) reduces tropane alkaloid abundance and causes high N‐methyl Δ1‐pyrrolinium cation accumulation. The consequences of this metabolic shift on alkaloid metabolism are unknown. In this study, we utilized discovery metabolomics coupled with AbPyKS silencing to reveal major changes in the root alkaloid metabolome of A. belladonna.

We discovered and annotated almost 40 pyrrolidine alkaloids that increase when AbPyKS activity is reduced. Suppression of phenyllactate biosynthesis, combined with metabolic engineering in planta, and chemical synthesis indicates several of these pyrrolidines share a core structure formed through the nonenzymatic Mannich‐like decarboxylative condensation of the N‐methyl Δ1‐pyrrolinium cation with 2‐O‐malonylphenyllactate. Decoration of this core scaffold through hydroxylation and glycosylation leads to mono‐ and dipyrrolidine alkaloid diversity.

This study reveals the previously unknown complexity of the A. belladonna root metabolome and creates a foundation for future investigation into the biosynthesis, function, and potential utility of these novel alkaloids.
Erythema nodosum after COVID‐19 vaccine: Report of two pediatric cases
Authors: Gonzalez‐Canete Marta , Pinto‐Pulido Elena Lucia , Vega‐Diez David , Rodriguez‐Villa Ana , Moreno‐Artero Ester , Andina Martinez David , Torrelo Antonio
Published: December 2022

With the introduction of large‐scale COVID‐19 vaccination programs, a variety of cutaneous manifestations have been described. We present two girls (ages 12 and 5 years) who developed erythema nodosum (EN) 3 and 14 days after Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccination, respectively. While EN after COVID‐19 vaccination has been reported in adults, it is can also occur in children.
A longitudinal study of “we‐talk” as a predictor of marital satisfaction
Authors: Ouellet‐Courtois Catherine , Gravel Catherine , Gouin Jean‐Philippe
Published: December 2022

We‐talk, the use of first‐person plural pronouns over the use of singular pronouns when describing relationship events, is regarded as a linguistic indicator of marital relationship functioning. A meta‐analysis revealed that we‐talk is positively associated with relationship satisfaction. However, this literature is based mostly on cross‐sectional studies. This study tested the hypothesis that we‐talk would be associated with greater marital satisfaction over time. The sample comprised 77 couples enrolled in a longitudinal study of parents of preschool‐aged children. We‐talk was assessed at baseline during a marital discussion task about parenting challenges. Couples completed a measure of marital satisfaction at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. An actor–partner interdependence model examined the effects of spouses' we‐talk on their own marital satisfaction (actor effects), and their partners' marital satisfaction (partner effects). Results indicated a positive partner effect of we‐talk at baseline, but not over time. Moreover, there was an actor effect of we‐talk on changes in marital satisfaction over time, whereby low actor we‐talk was associated with a reduction in marital satisfaction, but high actor we‐talk was not associated with such a decrease. These findings suggest that greater cognitive interdependence, as indicated by we‐talk, may protect from declines in marital satisfaction over time.
A Computational Complexity Perspective on Segmentation as a Cognitive Subcomputation
Authors: Adolfi Federico , Wareham Todd , van Rooij Iris
Published: December 2022

Computational feasibility is a widespread concern that guides the framing and modeling of natural and artificial intelligence. The specification of cognitive system capacities is often shaped by unexamined intuitive assumptions about the search space and complexity of a subcomputation. However, a mistaken intuition might make such initial conceptualizations misleading for what empirical questions appear relevant later on. We undertake here computational‐level modeling and complexity analyses of segmentation — a widely hypothesized subcomputation that plays a requisite role in explanations of capacities across domains, such as speech recognition, music cognition, active sensing, event memory, action parsing, and statistical learning — as a case study to show how crucial it is to formally assess these assumptions. We mathematically prove two sets of results regarding computational hardness and search space size that may run counter to intuition, and position their implications with respect to existing views on the subcapacity.
Adverse events caused by cord blood infusion in Japan during a 5‐year period
Authors: Hashimoto Shiho , Kato Koji , Kai Shunro , Sekimoto Tatsuya , Minemoto Mutsuko , Ishii Hiroyuki , Mori Tetsuo , Azuma Fumihiro , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Kimura Takafumi , Miyata Shigeki , Satake Masahiro , Takanashi Minoko
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

In Japan, cord blood is used for more than half of all unrelated stem cell transplantations. The public cord blood banks (CBBs) have been collecting information on cord blood transplantation‐related adverse events from physicians on a voluntary basis, without common definitions of the adverse reactions. The aims of this study were to compare two classification systems to improve the reporting system and to clarify the actual risk from cord blood infusion, which can then provide the impetus to take appropriate measures to reduce adverse events.

Materials and Methods

We classified the reports according to existing criteria; one is the Proposed Standard Definitions for Surveillance of Non‐Infectious Adverse Transfusion Reactions by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Working Party on Haemovigilance, and the other is the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). There were 140 cases with adverse events reported from April 2014 through March 2019.

Results

Twelve cases, such as donor‐derived leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chromosomal aberrations reported after engraftment, were excluded from this analysis. Of the 128 cases with adverse events at cord blood infusion, the CTCAE and ISBT criteria could not classify 6 cases and 68 cases, respectively. Classifying by the CTCAE, the most common side effect was hypertension in 35 cases, followed by anaphylaxis, allergic reactions, nausea, urticaria, etc. Serious adverse events (grades 4 and 5) were mainly anaphylaxis, with a frequency of 0.23%.

Conclusion

It is necessary not only to provide information on adverse events but also to standardize the reporting of adverse events to support measures to reduce them.
A nurse‐led home‐based exercise program for patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Junqué‐Jiménez Anna , Esteve‐Simó Vicent , Andreu‐Periz Lola , Segura‐Ortí Eva
Published: December 2022

Background

Exercise programs in patients with kidney disease improve functional capacity and health‐related quality of life, but the implementation of exercise programs in nephrology services is not an easy task.

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of a home‐based exercise program in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4–5 (with or without dialysis).

Methods

A 12‐week prospective observational cohort design study was carried out with patients with renal failure who undertook a home‐based exercise program. Registered data included: (a) biochemical parameters; (b) functional capacity tests, that is, short physical performance battery, sit to stand to sit 10, and 6‐min walking test; (c) handgrip strength; (d) health‐related quality of life; (e) satisfaction; and (f) adherence. The quantitative variables were expressed by means and standard deviation, and qualitative variables, by percentage. The comparison of quantitative data between baseline and at 12 weeks of the same group was carried out using the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric‐related variables and the chi‐square test for categorical variables using contingency tables.

Results

Fifty‐three patients were included (mean age = 67.4 years). The functional capacity tests showed a significant improvement in the short physical performance battery (8.3 ± 2.8 vs. 9.5 ± 2.6 points), the sit to stand to sit 10 (35.8 ± 17.7 vs. 31.8 ± 15.3 s), and the 6‐min walking test (355.0 ± 106.1 vs. 386.4 ± 113.6 meters), mainly in CKD stage 5. There were no significant differences in handgrip and health‐related quality of life. Regarding the degree of program satisfaction, 70% of the patients were very satisfied with being able to participate in the program, and 64% considered that they had more strength after completing the home‐based exercise program.

Linking Evidence to Action

The implementation of a home‐based exercise program results in improved functional capacity in patients with CKD stage 5. Moreover, this exercise program is safe, and patients were satisfied.
Trade Liberalization Schedules and Members' Development Characteristics: How are They Connected and Why do They Matter to Trade Agreements?
Authors: Hoang Khac Lich , Nguyen Duc Bao
Published: December 2022

This study examines whether the length of the implementation periods of regional trade agreement (RTA) in relation to trade liberalization schedules and the level of development of member countries affect members' trade. The analysis finds that RTAs formed by partner countries with a similar level of economic development lead to increased trade among members than among North-South RTAs during a shorter transition period of trade and tariff liberalization, regardless of the degree of integration being shallow or deep. The average long-term effects of RTAs formed by developing countries on members' trade diminish 15 years after their implementation. In distinguishing trade direction from developed to developing countries and vice versa, we noted that direction-specific South-North RTAs appear to take less time to see larger increases in Southern exports to the Northern members than direction-specific North-South RTAs do.
A Simulation Analysis of Ball Bearing Lubrication Characteristics Considering the Cage Clearance
Authors: Liu Jing , Ni Hengtai , Zhou Ruyi , Li Xinyi , Xing Qinkun , Pan Guang
Published: December 2022

Lubrication characteristics can greatly affect the service performances of ball bearings. To further clarify the variation law of oil–air distribution in bearing cavity, a new simulation method combining the dynamic and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models is presented. The relative motion between the ball and the cage caused by the cage clearance is obtained by the dynamic model. The coupling model uses the multi-reference frame (MRF) method and local remeshing approach (LRA) to describe the motion of each bearing component. The oil–air two-phase (OATP) flow is described through the volume of fluid (VOF) numerical model. Note that the lubricating oil content in the bearing cavity decreases significantly with the increment of rotation speed. There is a sudden change of pressure at the contact area between the ball and inner raceway. The relative motion of ball caused by the cage clearance has a certain effect on the local lubrication; however, it has little effect on the overall lubrication characteristics.
Dynamic Characteristics of Electromechanical Coupling and Fuzzy Control of Intelligent Joints for Robot Drive and Control
Authors: Mo Shuai , Zhou Changpeng , Li Xu , Yang Zhenning , Cen Guojian , Huang Yunsheng
Published: December 2022

In this technical brief, the resonance problem of a robot joint is analyzed. By establishing the electromechanical coupling dynamic equation of the robot joint, the natural vibration characteristics of the electromechanical coupling system are calculated, and the resonance is analyzed by combining the modal energy and Campbell diagram. It is found that when the meshing frequency coincides with the seventh- and eighth-order natural frequencies, resonance is easy to occur. The influence of different parameters on natural characteristics is analyzed. The increase of torsional stiffness and meshing stiffness will increase the natural frequency. Different control algorithms will have different impacts on the transmission system, and fuzzy control is better than double closed-loop control.
Internal Leakage Detection in Hydraulic Pump Using Model-Agnostic Feature Ranking and Ensemble Classifiers
Authors: Prakash Jatin , Miglani Ankur , Kankar P. K.
Published: December 2022

Hydraulic pumps are key drivers of fluid power-based machines and demand high reliability during operation. Internal leakage is a key performance deteriorating fault that reduces pump’s efficiency and limits its predictability and reliability. Thus, this article presents a methodology for detecting internal leakage in hydraulic pumps using an unbalanced dataset of its drive motor’s electrical power signals. Refined composite multiscale dispersion and fuzzy entropies along with three statistical indicators are extracted and followed by second-order polynomial-based features. These features are normalized and visualized using partial dependence plot (PDP) and individual conditional expectation (ICE). Subsequently, ten machine learning classifiers are trained using four features, and their statistical hypothesis test is performed using a 5 × 2 paired t-test cross-validation for p < 0.05. Subsequently, top four performing classifiers are optimized using grid and random search hyperparameter optimization techniques. Due to slight difference in their accuracies, an ensemble of three best-performing algorithms is trained using the majority voting classifiers (MaVCs) for three splitting ratios (80:20, 70:30, and 60:40). It is demonstrated that MaVC achieves the highest leakage detection accuracy of 90.91%.
Study of Magnetorheological Grease Flow in a Double Restriction Seal Configuration
Authors: Raj Aashna , Sarkar Chiranjit , Kumar Piyush , Pathak Manabendra
Published: December 2022

This work presents an investigation of magnetohydrodynamic flow in a novel double restriction seal configuration using micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (µPIV). A conventional seal design has been modified to impart magnetic effects in the flow of magnetorheological grease, which is prepared with 5% by weight of carbonyl iron particles dispersed in NLGI 3 grade lithium-soap-based grease. Rectangular bar magnets are fitted on the seal to induce an external magnetic field strength greater than 0.8 T. The grease flows between two restrictions in the annular domain, and the velocity field is captured by a µPIV technique. Experimental results predict that flow velocities are considerably lower in the presence of the magnetic field. Carbonyl iron particles orient themselves in the direction of the magnetic field and form strong chains which increase the yield stress of the grease medium. Maximum velocities are obtained in the vicinity of the shaft. Further, a numerical model has been developed to predict the velocities at different locations in the annular grease domain at varying rotational speeds of the shaft.
Evaluating Designer Learning and Performance in Interactive Deep Generative Design
Authors: Chaudhari Ashish M. , Selva Daniel
Published: December 2022

Deep generative models have shown significant promise in improving performance in design space exploration. But there is limited understanding of their interpretability, a necessity when model explanations are desired and problems are ill-defined. Interpretability involves learning design features behind design performance, called designer learning. This study explores human–machine collaboration’s effects on designer learning and design performance. We conduct an experiment (N = 42) designing mechanical metamaterials using a conditional variational autoencoder. The independent variables are: (i) the level of automation of design synthesis, e.g., manual (where the user manually manipulates design variables), manual feature-based (where the user manipulates the weights of the features learned by the encoder), and semi-automated feature-based (where the agent generates a local design based on a start design and user-selected step size); and (ii) feature semanticity, e.g., meaningful versus abstract features. We assess feature-specific learning using item response theory and design performance using utopia distance and hypervolume improvement. The results suggest that design performance depends on the subjects’ feature-specific knowledge, emphasizing the precursory role of learning. The semi-automated synthesis locally improves the utopia distance. Still, it does not result in higher global hypervolume improvement compared to manual design synthesis and reduced designer learning compared to manual feature-based synthesis. The subjects learn semantic features better than abstract features only when design performance is sensitive to them. Potential cognitive constructs influencing learning in human–machine collaborative settings are discussed, such as cognitive load and recognition heuristics.
Dynamic Characteristics and Frequency Reliability Analysis of an Optimized Compliant Stroke Amplification Mechanism
Authors: Guo Fanyi , Sun Zhili , Zhang Shengnan , Cao Runan , Li Haiyang
Published: December 2022

To rapidly analyze the dynamic characteristics of a compliant stroke amplification mechanism (CSAM) with completely distributed compliance, an analytical model based on the dynamic stiffness matrix with consideration of the damping effect is proposed. The natural frequency of the CSAM is optimized without attenuation of the amplification ratio based on this model. The optimized CSAM exhibits an approximately 112% higher natural frequency than the original mechanism along the main motion direction. The optimization result is verified through finite element simulation, with less than a 7% difference being observed. Moreover, the effects of frequency on the amplification ratio and input stiffness of the optimized CSAM are also discussed. The structural resonance is defined as the failure criterion of the optimized CSAM, and the sensitivity of the failure probability to manufacturing errors at different positions is analyzed. The findings show that the failure probability of the CSAM is more sensitive to parameters associated with the coordinates of the output stage and vertex.
Self-Adaptive Grasping Analysis of a Simulated “Soft” Mechanical Grasper Capable of Self-Locking
Authors: Wang Rugui , Huang Haibo , Li Xinpeng
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a simulated “soft” mechanical grasper (GXU-Grasper) with self-locking capability, self-adaptive object shape, single-degree of actuation, and full rigid structure is taken as the research object, and its self-adaptive grasping is analyzed. First, the degrees-of-freedom of the knuckle unit and the fingers of the grasper are calculated. Then, the kinematic model of finger self-adaptive grasping is established by the homogeneous coordinate matrix method. The joint motion space model of grasper under different component parameters is established. Based on this analysis, the corresponding grasping workspace formed by the grasper under different component motion parameters is given by numerical analysis in combination with the grasper finger kinematic model. Finally, the adaptive grasping experiment of the GXU-Grasper is carried out. The experiment shows that the fingers of the GXU-Grasper can effectively grasp various irregular objects in its workspace with relatively strong adaptability and large grasping range, which provides a reference for further analysis of the grasping reliability and engineering application of this grasper.
Topology Optimization Method for Designing Compliant Mechanism With Given Constant Force Range
Authors: Liang Junwen , Zhang Xianmin , Zhu Benliang , Zhang Hongchuan , Wang Rixin
Published: December 2022

This article presents a modified evolutionary topology optimization method for designing compliant constant force mechanisms (CFMs). CFM is defined as the mechanism that can generate constant force in the desired input displacement range, which is known as a constant force range. The force variation, i.e., fluctuation of output forces over the constant force range, is a critical parameter that reflects the stability of the output force. The key idea of the new method is that the design variables are increased or decreased for a certain small value instead of being changed between 0 (or xmin) and 1 in other evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) methods. As the CFMs have to experience a large deformation when it works, the influence of the nonlinearity needs to be considered. An additive hyperelasticity technique is utilized to alleviate the instability of the finite element analysis, which is introduced by the low-stiffness elements. The numerical examples show that the proposed design method can generate CFMs with desired constant force range and aspect ratio. The optimized CFM is manufactured by 3D printing, and the experimental result indicates that it can output an almost constant force (force variation ≤2%) in a large relative constant force range (56.7%).
Investigation of a Novel Turbine Housing to Produce a Nonuniform Spanwise Flow Field at the Inlet to a Mixed Flow Turbine and Provide Variable Geometry Capabilities
Authors: Morrison Richard , Spence Stephen , Stuart Charles , Kim Sung In , Starke Andre , Leonard Thomas
Published: December 2022

Automotive engine downsizing has placed an increased focus on the ability of the turbocharger to provide adequate boost levels across the full engine operating range. To achieve the desired levels of turbocharger performance, the turbine must be capable of operating effectively at the intended design point and also at off-design conditions. Mixed flow turbines (MFTs) provide a potential method to improve performance at off-design conditions and during transient engine operation. A unique feature of an MFT is the spanwise variation of incidence angle at the rotor leading edge. This results in additional flow separation from the blade suction surface near the hub under a wide range of operating conditions. The flow separation generates additional loss and has a detrimental impact on turbine performance. A novel design of a turbine volute similar to a conventional twin-entry turbine volute was examined. The novel turbine volutes were designed to produce a spanwise variation in flow conditions at the rotor inlet. The primary objective was to reduce the incidence angle and increase the mass flowrate at the hub side of the passage relative to the shroud side, as it has previously been identified that this can be beneficial for MFT performance. A number of different volute geometries were examined by numerical analysis to determine the impact of key parameters on turbine performance. The results indicated that generating a suitable spanwise flow distribution could produce a moderate improvement in turbine efficiency at off-design operating conditions. The novel volute design also provided a means of achieving a degree of variable geometry operation to further improve off-design performance. Turbine performance was examined under the variable geometry operation and an improvement in turbine power output at low-speed, off-design conditions was achieved. This was analogous to operating with a conventional pivoting vane variable geometry system and had the potential to benefit performance during transient engine operation.
Resonance spectroscopy for solids with layers of different materials
Authors: Maynard J. D.
Published: December 2022

A powerful method for measuring the elastic properties of solid materials is resonance spectroscopy. An advantage of this method is that the experimental measurement is relatively easy, and the difficult analysis is accomplished with a computer program. A particular computer algorithm has become standard because it is fast and may be applied to a wide range of shapes of solid samples. However, the algorithm does not work well for solids with layers of different materials. Fortunately, a relatively easy modification of the customary computer algorithm enables it to work for layered solids.
Time reversal in a phononic crystal using finite-element modeling and an equivalent circuit model
Authors: Kingsley Adam D. , Anderson Brian E.
Published: December 2022

A phononic crystal acts as a dispersive medium with a phase speed that is lower than the bulk wave speed at frequencies below the resonance of a single resonator. Time reversal is used to compensate for the phase shifts caused by individual resonators as the waves enter the medium and enable focusing of acoustic waves among the crystal. An equivalent circuit, which can predict the dispersion and attenuation of the crystal model, is shown and compared to a full-wave finite-element simulation in frequency and time. The phase shift due to a single resonator is also depicted.
Psychophysiological Responses to a Preseason Training Camp in High-Level Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Ruf Ludwig , Altmann Stefan , Härtel Sascha , Skorski Sabrina , Drust Barry , Meyer Tim
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the responsiveness of commonly used measurement instruments to a short training camp by examining the time course of psychophysiological responses in high-level youth soccer players. Methods: Monitoring was carried out in 14 U15 male soccer players of 1 professional youth academy. Players provided data 3 days prior to (D − 3), during (D2−D4), and 1 (D + 1) and 4 days (D + 4) after the camp: 4 items for the Short Recovery and Stress Scale (SRSS), a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a submaximal run to assess exercise heart rate and heart-rate recovery. Training load during the camp followed an alternating low–high pattern, with lower training loads on D1 and D3 and higher training loads on D2 and D4. Results: Changes in SRSS physical performance capability, emotional balance, overall recovery, muscular stress, and overall stress were small to moderate on D3 and moderate to large on D + 1, while changes were trivial on D + 4. Some CMJ parameters related to the eccentric phase were slightly improved on D3, and these parameters were slightly impaired on D4. Changes in CMJ parameters were trivial on D + 1 and D + 4. After a moderate decrease in exercise heart rate on D3, there was a small decrease on D + 4 and a moderate increase in heart-rate recovery. Conclusion: Measurement instruments such as the SRSS and submaximal runs can be used to monitor acute psychophysiological responses to load, while the CMJ may provide little insight during periods of intensified training load.
Exploring Youth Sport Coaches’ Perspectives on the Use of Benching as a Behavioral Management Strategy
Authors: Battaglia Anthony , Kerr Gretchen
Published: December 2022

The practice of benching players or removing playing time is commonly used in sport. Although benching is used to adhere to game rules related to the number of athletes permitted on the field of play at any given time or to provide athletes with rest breaks, athletes have reportedly experienced benching in response to behavioral infractions such as not paying attention, not devoting sufficient effort, or failing to adhere to team rules. The purpose of this study therefore was to explore the use of benching as a behavioral management strategy from the perspectives of youth coaches. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 youth coaches (six men and four women) regarding their views of benching, reasons for use, and alternatives to the practice of benching. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. All coaches reported using benching to manage athlete and team behavior, address conduct detrimental to the team, and reinforce the coach’s position of power. The coaches interpreted benching as punishment or a learning tool depending on the provision of communication and feedback. Future work is needed to address the use of communication and the nature of this communication to ensure that benching practices are associated with learning and not punishment.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison Study of the Relationships Between Perceived Coaching Behaviors and Student Athletes’ Competitive Anxiety
Authors: Cheng Hong-Yu , Wang Jia-Nan
Published: December 2022

Purposes: Student athletes from different cultures might differ in the ways that they experience competitive anxiety, and their coaches with dissimilar cultural backgrounds might also present distinct behavioral traits in coaching. The study assessed and compared the competitive anxiety experienced by Chinese student athletes (in a collectivist culture) and American student athletes (in an individualist culture) by using a new competitive anxiety model and examined how their distinct ways of experiencing competitive anxiety might relate to the leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches. Method: Relevant measures were administered to 258 Chinese student athletes and 214 American student athletes to assess their competitive anxiety and perceived leading behaviors of their coaches. Results: Chinese student athletes scored significantly higher on social expectation anxiety and somatic anxiety in comparison with American student athletes. Chinese student athletes perceived higher levels of training and instruction, and autocratic behaviors of coaches, and American student athletes perceived higher levels of democratic behaviors of coaches. Conclusions: This study revealed the different ways of experiencing certain aspects of competitive anxiety between Chinese and American student athletes, which could be at least partially explained by the distinct leading behaviors of Chinese and American coaches perceived by student athletes in the research.
Mastering the game of Stratego with model-free multiagent reinforcement learning
Authors: Perolat Julien , De Vylder Bart , Hennes Daniel , Tarassov Eugene , Strub Florian , de Boer Vincent , Muller Paul , Connor Jerome T. , Burch Neil , Anthony Thomas , McAleer Stephen , Elie Romuald , Cen Sarah H. , Wang Zhe , Gruslys Audrunas , Malysheva Aleksandra , Khan Mina , Ozair Sherjil , Timbers Finbarr , Pohlen Toby , Eccles Tom , Rowland Mark , Lanctot Marc , Lespiau Jean-Baptiste , Piot Bilal , Omidshafiei Shayegan , Lockhart Edward , Sifre Laurent , Beauguerlange Nathalie , Munos Remi , Silver David , Singh Satinder , Hassabis Demis , Tuyls Karl
Published: December 2022

We introduce DeepNash, an autonomous agent that plays the imperfect information game Stratego at a human expert level. Stratego is one of the few iconic board games that artificial intelligence (AI) has not yet mastered. It is a game characterized by a twin challenge: It requires long-term strategic thinking as in chess, but it also requires dealing with imperfect information as in poker. The technique underpinning DeepNash uses a game-theoretic, model-free deep reinforcement learning method, without search, that learns to master Stratego through self-play from scratch. DeepNash beat existing state-of-the-art AI methods in Stratego and achieved a year-to-date (2022) and all-time top-three ranking on the Gravon games platform, competing with human expert players.
Legal reform to enhance global text and data mining research
Authors: Fiil-Flynn Sean M. , Butler Brandon , Carroll Michael , Cohen-Sasson Or , Craig Carys , Guibault Lucie , Jaszi Peter , Jütte Bernd Justin , Katz Ariel , Quintais João Pedro , Margoni Thomas , de Souza Allan Rocha , Sag Matthew , Samberg Rachael , Schirru Luca , Senftleben Martin , Tur-Sinai Ofer , Contreras Jorge L.
Published: December 2022

Outdated copyright laws around the world hinder research