bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Bayesian multispecies models to evaluate fish and invertebrate detection probability and distribution in the hypersaline Bahia Grande tidal basin
Authors: Ulibarri Roy M. , Eckert Catherine , Hicks David , Montagne Mike , Jones Brandon , Stewart David R.
Published: May 2024

Objective

In 2000, the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge acquired the Bahia Grande (Texas) management unit, a space that had lain barren and arid for 70 years. A large cooperative partnership launched a restoration project to replenish the basin and recover its original tidal hydrology. In 2005, the construction of a pilot channel successfully restored water throughout the basin, and plans to eventually widen the channel were developed. Our study aims to evaluate an estuarine habitat restoration by assessing ecological drivers and the impacts on species diversity.

Methods

We evaluated species richness, detection/occupancy rates, and species–habitat relationships, and we estimated the sampling effort required to achieve a given level of relative precision if relative abundance was used instead of occupancy to inform future sampling. Sampling gear included bag seines for juvenile life stages and gill nets for capturing subadult and adult life stages. For analysis, we used a Bayesian negative binomial linear mixed-effects model to evaluate richness–habitat relationships and a hierarchical Bayesian multispecies model to evaluate individual species–habitat relationships, and we calculated the total number of fish captured and relative standard error by gear and sample year to produce a precise estimate of relative abundance.

Result

Overall, 29 species were caught between 2018 and 2021. Salinity emerged as a clear driver in the Bahia Grande, as both species richness and individual-level responses were negatively associated with high salinity values. We found that catch estimated as relative abundance had much variability, as is typical of most survey programs assuming constant detectability, and the number of net sets or seine hauls required to achieve a given level of relative precision varied considerably depending on the species, season, year, and gear type. The most collected species were found in the upper extremes of their salinity tolerances—potentially a unique adaptation to this hypersaline system.

Conclusion

Baseline data suggest that for the channel widening to be successful, there must be a noticeable increase in suitable habitat characteristics throughout the basin.
Fishing in muddy water? Climate policy uncertainty and corporate greenwashing in environmental, social, and governance
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Ge Zhenyu
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the relationship between climate policy uncertainty and corporate greenwashing behavior using data from Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2009 to 2021. The results indicate that the increasing climate policy uncertainty significantly and robustly strengthens corporate greenwashing behavior, particularly among firms located in regions with weaker environmental regulations, within high‐polluting industries and with shorter‐term management perspectives. Additionally, the development and widespread adoption of digital technologies, along with enhanced external regulatory pressures, can inversely moderate the positive relationship between climate policy uncertainty and corporate greenwashing. In summary, this study contributes to our understanding of corporate behavior under climate risks and provides insights for achieving social sustainability.
Local existence of compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations without initial compatibility conditions
Authors: Zhang Yiying , Guo Zhenhua , Fang Li
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we study the initial‐boundary value problem of three‐dimensional viscous, compressible, and heat conductive magnetohydrodynamic equations. Local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions are established with any such initial data that the initial compatibility conditions do not be required. The analysis is based on some suitable prior estimates for the strong coupling term
and strong nonlinear term
. Our proof of the existence and uniqueness of solutions is in the Lagrangian coordinates first and then transformed back to the Euler coordinates.
Stability estimates for some parabolic inverse problems with the final overdetermination via a new Carleman estimate
Authors: Klibanov Michael V.
Published: May 2024

This paper is about Hölder and Lipschitz stability estimates and uniqueness theorems for some coefficient inverse problems and associated inverse source problems for a general linear parabolic equation of the second order with variable coefficients. The data for the inverse problem are given at the final moment of time
. In addition, both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are given either on a part or on the entire lateral boundary. Thus, if these boundary conditions are given only at a part of the boundary, then even if the target coefficient is known, still the forward problem is not a classical initial boundary value problem.
Spectral analysis and stabilization of the dissipative Schrödinger operator on the tadpole graph
Authors: Ammari Kaïs , Assel Rachid
Published: May 2024

In the context of the tadpole graph
, we examine the damped Schrödinger semigroup
. The first step in our analysis involves a meticulous examination of the spectrum and a suitable decomposition of the resolvent's kernel. By doing so, we establish that the generalized eigenfunctions constitute a Riesz basis of a specific subspace of
. As a result, we demonstrate that the energy corresponding to the system decays exponentially.
A distributed algorithm with network‐independent step‐size and event‐triggered mechanism for economic dispatch problem
Authors: Chen Baitong , Yang Jianhua , Lu Wei , Pedrycz Witold , Sun Changhai
Published: May 2024

The economic dispatch problem (EDP) poses a significant challenge in energy management for modern power systems, particularly as these systems undergo expansion. This growth escalates the demand for communication resources and increases the risk of communication failures. To address this challenge, we propose a distributed algorithm with network‐independent step sizes and an event‐triggered mechanism, which reduces communication requirements and enhances adaptability. Unlike traditional methods, our algorithm uses network‐independent step sizes derived from each agent's local cost functions, thus eliminating the need for detailed network topology knowledge. The theoretical derivation identifies a range of step size values that depend solely on the objective function's strong convexity and the gradient's Lipschitz continuity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm is shown to achieve a linear convergence rate, assuming the event triggering threshold criteria are met for linear convergence. Numerical experiments further validate the effectiveness and advantages of our proposed distributed algorithm by demonstrating its ability to maintain good convergence characteristics while reducing communication frequency.
Optimization Program Improves Plant Performance
Authors: Kilgore Tricia H.
Published: May 2024

South Carolina's Beaufort‐Jasper Water and Sewer Authority optimized its wastewater systems using Partnership for Clean Water goals.
Quality markers of Polygala fallax Hemsl decoction based on qualitative and quantitative analysis combined with network pharmacology and chemometric analysis
Authors: Li Yangling , Cheng Yanwei , Zhang Yingqi , Nan Huiling , Lin Ning , Chen Qing
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Polygala fallax Hemsl (PFH) is a widely used herbal medicine in Guangxi, China. At present, research on PFH mainly focuses on extraction technology and cultivation, lacking quality control standards for systematic evaluation.

Objectives

The study aimed to assess the quality of PFH from different sources and to predict markers that would help assess quality.

Methods

Fingerprinting of 15 batches of PFH samples was performed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and similarity was assessed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination (OPLS‐DA). Differential components were screened by mathematical analysis, and a “component‐target‐pathway” network map was constructed in combination with network pharmacology, quality markers (Q‐markers) of PFH were predicted, and quantitative analysis was performed.

Results

Fifteen batches were fingerprinted for PFH, with 11 common peaks, and peak 5 was identified as 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, which was generally consistent with the results of HCA, PCA, and OPLS‐DA. Network pharmacology screened 18 potential compounds, 45 core targets, and 20 key pathways, integrating fingerprinting, pattern recognition, and network pharmacology methods. One of the potential Q‐markers that can identify the principle of testability, efficacy, and specificity is 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, whose content ranges from 0.0188 to 1.4517 mg/g.

Conclusion

The potential Q‐markers of PFH were predicted by integrating fingerprinting, pattern recognition, and network pharmacological analysis, which provided a scientific basis for the overall control and evaluation of the quality of PFH and a theoretical reference for the study of the quality standard of multi‐base traditional Chinese medicine.
A cascade of sulfur transferases delivers sulfur to the sulfur‐oxidizing heterodisulfide reductase‐like complex
Authors: Tanabe Tomohisa Sebastian , Bach Elena , D'Ermo Giulia , Mohr Marc Gregor , Hager Natalie , Pfeiffer Niklas , Guiral Marianne , Dahl Christiane
Published: May 2024

A heterodisulfide reductase‐like complex (sHdr) and novel lipoate‐binding proteins (LbpAs) are central players of a wide‐spread pathway of dissimilatory sulfur oxidation. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrate that the cytoplasmic sHdr–LbpA systems are always accompanied by sets of sulfur transferases (DsrE proteins, TusA, and rhodaneses). The exact composition of these sets may vary depending on the organism and sHdr system type. To enable generalizations, we studied model sulfur oxidizers from distant bacterial phyla, that is, Aquificota and Pseudomonadota. DsrE3C of the chemoorganotrophic Alphaproteobacterium Hyphomicrobium denitrificans and DsrE3B from the Gammaproteobacteria Thioalkalivibrio sp. K90mix, an obligate chemolithotroph, and Thiorhodospira sibirica, an obligate photolithotroph, are homotrimers that donate sulfur to TusA. Additionally, the hyphomicrobial rhodanese‐like protein Rhd442 exchanges sulfur with both TusA and DsrE3C. The latter is essential for sulfur oxidation in Hm. denitrificans. TusA from Aquifex aeolicus (AqTusA) interacts physiologically with AqDsrE, AqLbpA, and AqsHdr proteins. This is particularly significant as it establishes a direct link between sulfur transferases and the sHdr–LbpA complex that oxidizes sulfane sulfur to sulfite. In vivo, it is unlikely that there is a strict unidirectional transfer between the sulfur‐binding enzymes studied. Rather, the sulfur transferases form a network, each with a pool of bound sulfur. Sulfur flux can then be shifted in one direction or the other depending on metabolic requirements. A single pair of sulfur‐binding proteins with a preferred transfer direction, such as a DsrE3‐type protein towards TusA, may be sufficient to push sulfur into the sink where it is further metabolized or needed.
Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling of tumor heterogeneity in response to BH3‐mimetics using virtual tumors calibrated with cell viability assays
Authors: Derippe Thibaud , Fouliard Sylvain , Decleves Xavier , Mager Donald E.
Published: May 2024

Both primary and acquired resistance mechanisms that involve intra‐tumoral cell heterogeneity limit the use of BH3‐mimetics to trigger tumor cell apoptosis. This article proposes a new quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP)‐based methodology in which cell viability assays are used to calibrate virtual tumors (VTs) made of virtual cells whose fate is determined by simulations from an apoptosis QSP model. VTs representing SU‐DHL‐4 and KARPAS‐422 cell lines were calibrated using in vitro data involving venetoclax (anti‐BCL2), A‐1155463 (anti‐BCLXL), and/or A‐1210477 (anti‐MCL1). The calibrated VTs provide insights into the combination of several BH3‐mimetics, such as the distinction between cells eliminated by at least one of the drugs (monotherapies) from the cells eliminated by a pharmacological combination only. Calibrated VTs can also be used as initial conditions in an agent‐based model (ABM) framework, and a minimal ABM was developed to bridge in vitro SU‐DHL‐4 cell viability results to tumor growth inhibition experiments in mice.
Diosmetin as a promising natural therapeutic agent: In vivo, in vitro mechanisms, and clinical studies
Authors: Sun Zihao , Liu Kai , Liang Chuipeng , Wen Lin , Wu Jijiao , Liu Xiaolian , Li Xiaofang
Published: May 2024

Diosmetin, a natural occurring flavonoid, is primarily found in citrus fruits, beans, and other plants. Diosmetin demonstrates a variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, metabolic regulation, cardiovascular function improvement, estrogenic effects, and others. The process of literature search was done using PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials databases with search terms containing Diosmetin, content, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, pharmacological activity, pharmacokinetics, in vivo, and in vitro. The aim of this review is to summarize the in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies of Diosmetin over the last decade, focusing on studies related to its anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. It is found that DIO has significant therapeutic effects on skin and cardiovascular system diseases, and its research in pharmacokinetics and toxicology is summarized. It provides the latest information for researchers and points out the limitations of current research and areas that should be strengthened in future research, so as to facilitate the relevant scientific research and clinical application of DIO.
Gas‐phase ion mobility of protonated aldehydes in helium measured using a selected ion flow‐drift tube
Authors: Gnioua Maroua Omezzine , Španěl Patrik , Spesyvyi Anatolii
Published: May 2024

Rationale

In soft chemical ionization mass spectrometry, analyte ions are produced via ion–molecule reactions in the reactor. When an electric field E is imposed, the ion drift velocity vd determines the reaction time and the effective ion temperature. Agreement between experimental ion mobilities and theoretical predictions confirms the accuracy of the ion residence time measurement procedure.

Methods

A selected ion flow‐drift tube (SIFDT), an instrument with a chemical ionization source, was used to produce protonated aldehydes and selectively inject them into the resistive glass drift tube filled with He. Arrival‐time distributions of ions were obtained using the Hadamard modulation. Reduced ion mobilities were then obtained at a pressure of 2 hPa in the E/N range of 5–15 Td. Theoretical ion mobility values were calculated using two methods: hard‐sphere approximation and trajectory modelling.

Results

The measured mobilities of three saturated and three unsaturated protonated aldehydes do not show substantial variation across the studied E/N range. Effective temperatures calculated using the Wannier formula from measured gas temperatures ranged from 300 to 315 K. Experimentally obtained values of the near‐zero‐ E/N‐reduced ion mobilities agree with both methods of calculations typically within ±3% standard deviation (maximum ±5%).

Conclusions

The experimental SIFDT values of reduced mobilities in He of protonated aldehyde molecules generated from a chemical ionization source are in close agreement with two different theoretical methods based on the density functional theory calculations of ion geometries and partial atomic charges. Besides its fundamental importance, the ion mobility results validate the correct operation of the drift tube reactor and the ion residence time measurement procedure. Diffusion losses can also be determined from these results.
Adaptive control for nonlinear systems with unknown actuator dynamics based on a novel extended Nussbaum function
Authors: Ma Xinyang , Wang Chenliang , Liu Jinkun
Published: May 2024

In this article, we introduced a novel definition for a class of extended Nussbaum functions that have looser requirements than the traditional Nussbaum function. The extended Nussbaum function achieves comparable performance to the traditional Nussbaum function while addressing the challenges of unknown control directions and time‐varying actuator faults. We then provide a specific example function based on the extended Nussbaum function definition. Unlike the traditional Nussbaum function, which oscillates with fixed frequency and constantly increasing amplitude, this example function constrains the amplitude and oscillates with decreasing frequency. Consequently, its amplitude and derivative remain bounded. The oscillation of the system caused by the too large amplitude of the traditional Nussbaum function can be avoided. Furthermore, this example function is constructed using portions of elliptic curve. As a result, it is continuous and differentiable, in contrast to the normal decreasing‐frequency Nussbaum function using trigonometric function, which is only continuous. The overall closed‐loop system's global stability and asymptotic convergence of system states are successfully achieved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed function.
A facile treatment of graphite as a reinforcement for Al‐based nanostructured composite
Authors: Bakhshizade Elham , Shokuhfar Ali , Zolriasatein Ashkan , Khodaei Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Aluminum‐graphite composites find extensive applications in diverse industries, including automotive and aerospace sectors. However, the fabrication of these composites faces a significant challenge due to poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding between graphite and aluminum. This work aims to modify the graphite particles to improve the characteristics of aluminum. In this study, treated graphite (TG) was synthesized using a facile method for the first time. Graphite (G) was mixed with acetone and stirred with a mechanical stirrer at 2000 rpm for 1 h, followed by drying in an electric oven at 80°C for 1 h. Mechanical milling and subsequent hot pressing were employed to manufacture composites with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% of G and TG. The results demonstrated that the addition of G and TG up to 5 wt.% substantially improved the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). However, it also resulted in a deterioration of the mechanical properties of aluminum. The TG‐reinforced composites exhibited enhanced mechanical and tribological properties owing to the stronger bonds formed between carbon and aluminum atoms. Notably, the composite with 5‐wt.% G and TG exhibited an 80% and 58% lower COF compared with unreinforced aluminum. Composites containing 1‐wt.% G and TG showed an 11% and 1% reduction in yield strength, respectively. Consequently, the investigated graphite treatment proves to be an effective method for modifying the interfacial bonding and enhancing the comprehensive properties of aluminum. This treatment offers a simple and cost‐effective approach to improve the tribological and mechanical characteristics of aluminum matrix composites.
Short Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Loaded Sulfur Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zeng Shuaibo , Zheng Haorong , Liang Xinghua , Peng Jing , Chen Ye , Pan Xiyuan , Tang Junxiong , Zeng Xiangkun , Xu Wei
Published: May 2024

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries have been regarded as a promising candidate for next‐generation high‐performance energy storage devices because of their advantages in high energy density. However, practical uses of Li−S batteries have been hindered by their poor rate performances and dissatisfactory capacity decay during cycling. In this work, we demonstrate carbon based coating material combined with short multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (S‐CNTs) to form coating cathode (S‐CNTs@S) in the Li−S battery system. The S‐CNTs@S cathode not only facilitates fast diffusion of electrons, but also efficiently inhibits diffusion of poly‐sulfide components. Importantly, the inter‐shell space of S‐CNTs is conducive to the diffusion of electrolyte, which improves the migration efficiency of lithium‐ions, then improves the rated performances of the Li−S battery. Thus, the excellent cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency with high sulfur loading (3 mg cm−2) were demonstrated in durable Li−S coin cell.
Designing JAK2 Inhibitors Beyond Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ‐ Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Solid Cancers
Authors: Achutha A. S. , Krishna S. , Pushpa V. L. , Harshini D. , Aiswarya U. S. , Nagarajan S. , Anto Ruby John , Vinod B. S. , Prakash Praveen , Manoj S. V. , Manoj K. B. , Sarithamol S. , Surendran Suchitra , Divya V.
Published: May 2024

Somatic mutations in JAK2 have been reported to cause myeloproliferative neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammation. JAK2 protein with PDB id 3FUP was selected for docking analysis via cross‐docking. Molecular docking of JAK2 with ATP and crystal ligand revealed their binding affinities and interactions. 3D QSAR models with R2=0.997 and Q2=0.984 having high stability and predictivity were generated. The biological activity of the hit compound obtained from virtual screening, LAS 26879206, was predicted to be 4.21 using the 3D QSAR model. Modification of LAS 26879206 utilizing 3D QSAR contours for modulating its JAK2 inhibitory potential yielded two novel inhibitors with a 2‐aminopyrimidine core – ACP1 and ACPM1. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and ADMET analysis indicated improvements in the efficiency of these compounds compared to the hit compound. Synthesis of these compounds was carried out using a two‐step reaction‐ first Buchwald – Hartwig coupling reaction to yield an intermediate ACB1 which was then coupled with appropriate boronic acids via Suzuki reaction to get ACP1 and ACPM1. The effects of these designed compounds as anticancer agents were analyzed in hCT‐116 (human colorectal carcinoma), HeLa (cervical carcinoma), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), and A375 (human melanoma) cell lines. ACPM1 was found to be active in all the cell lines with a pIC50 of 5 which was in concordance with the in silico studies. Western blot analysis validated the JAK2 inhibitory property of ACPM1 which can be further ensured by in vivo studies.
The Discovery of Benzylidene‐Indenone as Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor with Choline Acetyltransferase Gene and Neurite Promoting Abilities
Authors: Ooi Luyi , San Tang Kim , Tan Joash Ban Lee , Yoon Yeong Keng
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative disease, associated with aging. A total of forty benzylidene‐indenone derivatives were synthesized in search of multi‐target‐directed ligands (MTDL) against AD. Compound 9 was found as the most promising MTDL in this study. It was demonstrated to selectively inhibit human butyrylcholinesterase, increase the gene expression of choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), and promote neurite outgrowth in SH‐SY5Y cells. The compound was also predicted to be able to permeate across the lipid‐infused bilayer, indicating its ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier. The abovementioned findings show compound 9 and its analogs warrant further exploration as potential MTDL anti‐AD agents.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Ma Song , Wang Xiupeng , Cao Jianfeng , Chen Haiqiang , Lu Yao , Wang Rongzhou
Published: May 2024

An efficient and versatile synthesis of alcohols via transfer hydrogenation from ketones with isopropanol, utilizing [Ni(6,6′‐(OH)2‐2,2′‐bpy)][Br2] under alkaline conditions, has been documented. It was noteworthy that many readily reducible or labile functional groups such as nitro, cyano, and halide, within the same molecular framework, did not undergo any change under the standard reaction conditions. Furthermore, the gram scale transfer hydrogenation reaction was successfully carried out with good yield using a common route with only a single purification by column chromatography.
Synthesis, Binding and Docking Studies of Indole‐1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Derivatives As Potent Α‐Amylase and Lox Inhibitors
Authors: Doddagaddavalli Manasa A. , Katrahalli Umesha , Joshi Shrinivas D. , Seetharamappa J.
Published: May 2024

Series of indole‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole compounds (IT 1–7) were synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI‐MS spectral data. Further, the compounds (IT 1–7) were screened for antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate to good antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities against α‐amylase enzyme, ABTS and lipoxygenase enzyme, respectively. Among these, IT‐1 displayed the better activity compared to that of standard drugs. The mechanism of binding of IT‐1, IT‐5 and IT‐6 with a transporter protein, human serum albumin was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopic and circular dichroism studies. These compounds quenched the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of HSA and moderate binding was evident from the values of binding constants which are in the order of 105 M−1. The molecular docking studies of the compounds were performed against human pancreatic alpha‐amylase in complex with montbretin A (PDB ID: 4W93). The studied compounds interacted with amino acid residues (ASP197, GLU240 and TYR151) which were similar to that of the reference drug, acarbose. The ADME properties of designed compounds were studied using SwissADME software. All the compounds obeyed Lipinski's rule of five. All the compounds showed low or non‐toxicity towards different toxicity classes as analyzed using ProTox‐II online tool.
Rational Design of Improved Ru Containing Fe‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Photoanode for Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Patel Jully , Bury Gabriel , Pushkar Yulia
Published: May 2024

Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) recently emerged as a new platform for the realization of integrated devices for artificial photosynthesis. However, there remain few demonstrations of rational tuning of such devices for improved performance. Here, a fast molecular water oxidation catalyst working via water nucleophilic attack is integrated into the MOF MIL‐142, wherein Fe3O nodes absorb visible light, leading to charge separation. Materials are characterized by a range of structural and spectroscopic techniques. New, [Ru(tpy)(Qc)(H2O)]+ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and Qc = 8‐quinolinecarboxylate)‐doped Fe MIL‐142 achieved a high photocurrent (1.6 × 10−3 A·cm−2) in photo‐electrocatalytic water splitting at pH = 1. Unassisted photocatalytic H2 evolution is also reported with Pt as the co‐catalyst (4.8 µmol g−1 min−1). The high activity of this new system enables hydrogen gas capture from an easy‐to‐manufacture, scaled‐up prototype utilizing MOF deposited on FTO glass as a photoanode. These findings provide insights for the development of MOF‐based light‐driven water‐splitting assemblies utilizing a minimal amount of precious metals and Fe‐based photosensitizers.
Chemically Powered Nanomotors with Magnetically Responsive Function for Targeted Delivery of Exosomes
Authors: Zhou Tong , Zhu Kai , Yang Zhaoyan , Qian Ziting , Zong Shenfei , Cui Yiping , Wang Zhuyuan
Published: May 2024

Janus structure plays a crucial role in achieving chemically driven nanomotors with exceptional motion performance. However, Janus‐structured chemically driven nanomotors with magnetic responsiveness are commonly fabricated by sputtering metal films. In the study, a self‐assembly technique is employed to asymmetrically modify the surfaces of magnetic silica (SiO2@Fe3O4) nanoparticles with platinum nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of this kind nanomotors. Compared to platinum film, platinum nanoparticles exhibit a larger surface area and a higher catalytic activity. Hence, the nanomotors demonstrate improved diffusion capabilities at a significantly lower concentration (0.05%) of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Meanwhile, exosomes have gained attention as a potential tool for the efficient delivery of biological therapeutic drugs due to their biocompatibility. However, the clinical applications of exosomes are limited by their restricted tropism. The previously obtained nanomotors are utilized to deliver exosomes, greatly enhancing its targetability. The drug doxorubicin (DOX) is subsequently encapsulated within exosomes, acting as a representative drug model. Under the conditions of H2O2 concentration at the tumor site, the exosomes exhibited a significantly enhanced rate of entry into the breast cancer cells. The utilization of the nanomotors for exosomes presents a novel approach in the development of hybrid chemically and magnetically responsive nanomotors.
Lab‐on‐Device Synthesis of Hierarchical Macro/Mesoporous WO3 Semiconducting Films for High‐Performance H2S Sensing
Authors: Ren Yuan , Deng Yu , Wang Zhengren , Li Yanyan , Yu Hongxiu , Zou Yidong , Wu Limin , Deng Yonghui
Published: May 2024

The performance consistency of the gas sensor is strongly dependent on the interface binding between the sensitive materials and the electrodes. Traditional powder coating methods can inevitably lead to differences in terms of substrate‐film interface interaction and device performance, affecting the stability and lifetime. Thus, efficient growth of sensitive materials on device substrates is crucial and essential to enhance the sensing performance, especially for stability. Herein, hierarchically ordered macro/mesoporous WO3 films are in situ synthesized on the electrode via a facile soft/hard dual‐template strategy. Orderly arrayed uniform polystyrene (PS) microspheres with tailored size (ca. 1.2 µm) are used as a hard template, and surfactant Pluronic F127 as a soft template can co‐assemble with tungsten precursor into ordered mesostructure in the interstitials of PS colloidal crystal induced by solvent evaporation. Benefiting from its rich porosity and high stability, the macro/mesoporous WO3‐based sensor shows high sensitivity (Rair/Rgas = 307), fast response/recovery speed (5/9 s), and excellent selectivity (SH2S/Smax > 7) toward 50 ppm H2S gas (a biomarker for halitosis). Significantly, the sensors exhibit an extended service life with a negligible change in sensing performance within 60 days. This lab‐on‐device synthesis provides a platform method for constructing stable nanodevices with good consistency and high stability, which are highly desired for developing high‐performance sensors.
Surface‐Enriched Room‐Temperature Liquid Bismuth for Catalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Guo Jining , Zhi Xing , Wang Dingqi , Qu Longbing , Zavabeti Ali , Fan Qining , Zhang Yuecheng , Butson Joshua D. , Yang Jianing , Wu Chao , Liu Jefferson Zhe , Hu Guoping , Fan Xiaolei , Li Gang Kevin
Published: May 2024

Bismuth‐based electrocatalysts are effective for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to formate. However, at room temperature, these materials are only available in solid state, which inevitably suffers from surface deactivation, declining current densities, and Faradaic efficiencies. Here, the formation of a liquid bismuth catalyst on the liquid gallium surface at ambient conditions is shown as its exceptional performance in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (i.e., CO2RR). By doping a trace amount of bismuth (740 ppm atomic) in gallium liquid metal, a surface enrichment of bismuth by over 400 times (30 at%) in liquid state is obtained without atomic aggregation, achieving 98% Faradic efficiency for CO2 conversion to formate over 80 h. Ab initio molecular simulations and density functional theory calculations reveal that bismuth atoms in the liquid state are the most energetically favorable sites for the CO2RR intermediates, superior to solid Bi‐sites, as well as joint GaBi‐sites. This study opens an avenue for fabricating high‐performing liquid‐state metallic catalysts that cannot be reached by elementary metals under electrocatalytic conditions.
Unlocking Maximum Synergy: Screen‐Printing Fabrication of Heterostructured Microsupercapacitor Stacks
Authors: Chen Jiankang , Han Dong , Deng Jiahua , Li Binbin , Wang Tingyi , Cao Liuguan , Zhang Lili , Lai Linfei
Published: May 2024

A cost‐effective and scalable approach for the fabrication of heterostructured microsupercapacitors (MSCs) employing screen‐printing followed by sequential electrochemical and microspray deposition techniques has been demonstrated. The microsupercapacitor electrode (MSC) that composed of stacked layers of mesoporous carbon, polyaniline (PANI), and MXene hold significant promise for wearable electronics. By adjusting the deposition and spray cycles, the MSC can be readily coated with PANI and MXene. The sequentially stacked two layers of MXene and PANI on the mesoporous carbon spheres (PMPM‐MSC) yielded a specific capacitance of 1003 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2, surpassing the performance of PANI/mesoporous carbon electrode by 1.6 times (771 mF cm−2). After 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge, PMPM‐MSCs retained more than 86% of their initial capacitance. In‐situ Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synergistic effects between MXene and PANI within the heterostructured stacked PMPM‐MSC electrodes, including enhanced electronic conductivity and improved electrolyte ion dissociation, which aligned with the electrochemical measurement results, such as fast charge/discharge rates and reduced internal and mass transport resistance. This study demonstrates the potential of screen‐printed heterostructured MSC stacks with maximum electrochemical synergy for portable and wearable energy storage devices.
Stimulated recall, teacher beliefs, and teacher practices: Using structured reflective practice to examine teacher talk
Authors: Ahmed Aram Ali , Montecillo Leider Christine
Published: May 2024

Teacher talk is one of the key instructional components in English language teaching classrooms. This study used reflective practice and stimulated recall to investigate teacher beliefs and practices about teacher talk. Data came from two participants who teach English as a second language (ESL) courses at a private university in the United States. Findings of the study illustrated a disconnect between teacher beliefs and practices regarding teacher talk, suggested that quality and quantity of teacher talk are intertwined constructs that cannot be understood in isolation of each other, and highlighted the role of silent time in teacher talk. Implications for how stimulated recall through reflective practice can be used as a teacher education tool are discussed.
Tracheomalacia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery—What is the true estimate: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ghaloo Shayan Khalid , Afzal Syed Shabbir , Abbas Syed Akbar , Ansari Shayan , De Mriganka , Iftikhar Haissan
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Tracheomalacia is defined as the weakening of the tracheal rings secondary to long‐standing compression or inherent structural weakness, leading to stridor and airway compromise. The common etiological factor of tracheomalacia includes compression of the tracheal framework due to a large multinodular goiter. There are various management techniques described in the literature to manage a patient with tracheomalacia including tracheostomy, tracheal stenting, and tracheopexy. However, the evidence of tracheomalacia in the literature is conflicting. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to estimate the incidence of tracheomalacia after thyroidectomy.

Methods

The systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Elton B. Stephens Co. cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature plus to determine the incidence of tracheomalacia among patients undergoing thyroidectomy up till October 2021. The eligibility was assessed by two independent authors. A quality assessment of individual studies was performed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool. Outcomes were double data extracted and were analyzed using OpenMeta.

Results

The online search retrieved 214 papers, out of which 17 studies were included that fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The number of patients included in the systematic review who underwent thyroidectomy was 1108. The mean age was 55.8 ± 7.7 years, ranging from 48 to 75 years. Tracheomalacia was reported in 146 patients (1.4%). Sternotomy was performed in 102 patients to approach the goiters with retrosternal extension. The most common intervention to manage tracheomalacia was tracheostomy or prolonged intubation.

Conclusions

Tracheomalacia is a rare complication. In cases where tracheomalacia is encountered, common methods of management include tracheostomy or prolonged endotracheal intubation. Prospective, long‐term studies are required to accurately assess its true incidence and associated factors.
Human avoidance, selection for darkness and prey activity explain wolf diel activity in a highly cultivated landscape
Authors: Sunde Peter , Kjeldgaard Sofie Amund , Mortensen Rasmus Mohr , Olsen Kent
Published: May 2024

Wildlife that share habitats with humans with limited options for spatial avoidance must either tolerate frequent human encounters or concentrate their activity into those periods with the least risk of encountering people. Based on 5259 camera trap images of adult wolves from eight territories, we analyzed the extent to which diel activity patterns in a highly cultivated landscape with extensive public access (Denmark) could be explained from diel variation in darkness, human activity, and prey (deer) activity. A resource selection function that contrasted every camera observation (use) with 24 alternative hourly observations from the same day (availability), revealed that diel activity correlated with all three factors simultaneously with human activity having the strongest effect (negative), followed by darkness (positive) and deer activity (positive). A model incorporating these three effects had lower parsimony and classified use and availability observations just as well as a ‘circadian' model that smoothed the use‐availability ratio as function of time of the day. Most of the selection for darkness was explained by variation in human activity, supporting the notion that nocturnality (proportion of observations registered at night vs. day at the equinox) is a proxy for temporal human avoidance. Contrary to our expectations, wolves were no more nocturnal in territories with unrestricted public access than in territories where public access was restricted to roads, possibly because wolves in all territories had few possibilities to walk more than few hundred meters without crossing roads. Overall, Danish wolf packs were 6.5 (95% CI: 4.6–9.6) times more active at night than at daylight, which make them amongst the most nocturnally active wolves reported so far. These results confirm the prediction that wolves in habitats with limited options for spatial human avoidance, invest more in temporal avoidance.
Conclusion
Authors: Klingebiel Stephan , Hartmann Flora L. , Madani Elisa , Paintner Jonas , Rohe Rebekka A. , Trebs Lisa , Wolk Teodor
Published: May 2024

Finally, we summarise overall learnings and provide a perspective beyond the initial research question of our project. We present insights based on our empirical engagement with the topic, but these insights have also sharpened our conceptual thinking. Our research questions have been answered in the previous chapters in detail. Here, we bring together overarching reflections in condensed form.
Xenotransplantation von Organen
Authors: Schmoeckel Michael , Längin Matthias , Reichart Bruno , Abicht Jan-Michael , Bender Martin , Denner Joachim , Marckmann Georg , Brenner Paolo , Wolf Eckhard , Hagl Christian
Published: May 2024

Die Transplantation genetisch veränderter Schweineherzen und -nieren kann in den nächsten Jahren eine Lösung für den bestehenden Mangel an Organspendern darstellen. Fortschritte im Bereich des „Genetic Engineering“, aber auch verbesserte Organpräservationstechniken, eine Immunsuppression mit Kostimulationsblockade (Anti-CD40/CD40L-mAb) sowie eine verbesserte virologische Diagnostik, um eine Übertragung von pathogenen Schweineviren auf den Empfänger zu verhindern, haben hierzu beigetragen. Da Landrasse-Schweineorgane auch im Transplantatempfänger ihre Originalgröße erreichen, werden nun Schweinerassen verwendet, die entweder ein für den Menschen passendes Endgewicht erreichen (z. B. Auckland Island-Schweine) oder deren Wachstumshormonrezeptor genetisch inaktiviert wurde (z. B. in 10fach genetisch veränderten Schweinen der Fa. Revivicor/United Therapeutics, USA). Mit der ersten klinischen Pilotstudie an terminal Herzkranken wird in Deutschland in ca. 2 Jahren gerechnet.

Graphic abstract
FPDclustering: a comprehensive R package for probabilistic distance clustering based methods
Authors: Tortora Cristina , Palumbo Francesco
Published: May 2024

Data clustering has a long history and refers to a vast range of models and methods that exploit the ever-more-performing numerical optimization algorithms and are designed to find homogeneous groups of observations in data. In this framework, the probability distance clustering (PDC) family methods offer a numerically effective alternative to model-based clustering methods and a more flexible opportunity in the framework of geometric data clustering. Given n
J-dimensional data vectors arranged in a data matrix and the number K of clusters, PDC maximizes the joint density function that is defined as the sum of the products between the distance and the probability, both of which are measured for each data vector from each center. This article shows the capabilities of the PDC family, illustrating the package .
The integration of risk into management control systems: towards a deeper understanding across multiple levels of analysis
Authors: Hiebl Martin R. W.
Published: May 2024

The integration of risk into management control has recently received increased attention in the management accounting and control literature. Much of this research has focused on the organizational and individual actor level. However, some studies suggest that the integration of risk into the organizational control package may equally be influenced by forces operating at other levels of analysis– including the economic and political level and the organizational field level. In this guest editorial for the special issue on “Courageous Risk Governance: Enabling Resilience, Autonomy, and New Thinking,” I therefore discuss how our collective understanding of the integration of risk into management control could be enhanced by research at multiple levels of analysis. The papers included in this special issue show that when this integration is successfully managed, organizations can achieve valuable outcomes, such as increased resilience. For both practitioners and academics, future research on such integration therefore seems fruitful and necessary. This article provides ideas for particularly relevant questions about this integration and for theories that can guide such research.
Infinite time blow-up for the three dimensional energy critical heat equation in bounded domains
Authors: Ageno Giacomo , Pino Manuel del
Published: May 2024

We consider the Dirichlet problem for the energy-critical heat equation $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t=\Delta u+u^5 & \text {in} \quad \Omega \times \mathbb {R}^+,\\ u=0 & \text {on} \quad \partial \Omega \times \mathbb {R}^+,\\ u(x,0)=u_0(x) & \text {in} \quad \Omega , \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
Δ
u
+

u
5

in

Ω
×

R

+

,

u
=
0

on

∂
Ω
×

R

+

,

u

(
x
,
0
)

=

u
0

(
x
)

in

Ω
,

where $$\Omega $$
Ω
is a bounded smooth domain in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

. Let $$H_\gamma (x,y)$$

H
γ

(
x
,
y
)

be the regular part of the Green function of $$-\Delta -\gamma $$

-
Δ
-
γ

in $$\Omega $$
Ω
, where $$\gamma \in (0,\lambda _1)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,

λ
1

)

and $$\lambda _1$$

λ
1

is the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of $$-\Delta $$

-
Δ

. Then, given a point $$q\in \Omega $$

q
∈
Ω

such that $$3\gamma (q)<\lambda _1$$

3
γ

(
q
)

<

λ
1

, where $$\begin{aligned} \gamma (q) :=\sup \{ \gamma>0: H_\gamma (q,q)>0 \}, \end{aligned}$$

γ

(
q
)

:
=
sup
{
γ
>
0
:

H
γ

(
q
,
q
)

>
0
}
,

we prove the existence of a non-radial global positive and smooth solution u(x, t) which blows up in infinite time with spike in q. The solution has the asymptotic profile $$\begin{aligned} u(x,t)\sim 3^{\frac{1}{4}} \left( \frac{\mu (t)}{\mu (t)^2+\vert x-\xi (t)\vert ^2}\right) ^{\frac{1}{2}} \quad \text {as}\quad t \rightarrow \infty , \end{aligned}$$

u

(
x
,
t
)

∼

3

1
4

μ
(
t
)

μ

(
t
)

2

+

|
x
-
ξ

(
t
)

|

2

1
2

as

t
→
∞
,

where $$\begin{aligned} -\ln (\mu (t))= 2\gamma (q) t(1+o(1)),\quad \xi (t)=q+O(\mu (t)) \quad \text {as}\quad t \rightarrow \infty . \end{aligned}$$

-
ln
(
μ
(
t
)
)
=
2
γ
(
q
)
t
(
1
+
o
(
1
)
)
,

ξ
(
t
)
=
q
+
O
(
μ
(
t
)
)

as

t
→
∞
.
circATAD2 mitigates CD8+ T cells antitumor immune surveillance in breast cancer via IGF2BP3/m6A/PD-L1 manner
Authors: Zhang Zhiling , Huo Wenjie , Li Jie
Published: May 2024

Immune surveillance and chemotherapy sensitivity play critical functions in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer (BC). Emerging findings have indicated that circular RNA (circRNA) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) both participate in the BC tumorigenesis. Here, present study aimed to investigate the roles of m6A-modified circATAD2 on BC and explore better understanding for BC precision therapeutic. Results reported that m6A-modifid circRNA (m6A-circRNA) microarray revealed the m6A-circRNA landscape in BC. M6A-modifid circATAD2 upregulated in BC samples and was closely correlated to poor prognosis. Functionally, circATAD2 promoted the immune evasion of BC cells and reduced the CD8+ T cells’ killing effect. Mechanistically, MeRIP-seq unveiled the m6A modification in the 3’-UTR of PD-L1 mRNA, which was bound by circATAD2 and recognized by m6A reader IGF2BP3 to enhance PD-L1 mRNA stability and expression. In summary, these findings revealed the circATAD2/m6A/IGF2BP3/PD-L1 axis in BC immune surveillance, suggesting the potential that circATAD2 as a potential target for PD-L1-mediated BC.