bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Synthesis and Biological Activity of Flavonoid Mannich Base Derivatives
Authors: Nguyen Van‐Son , Cong Vo Thanh , Minh An Tran Nguyen
Published: December 2023

Over the past twenty years (1998–2023), extensive research has focused on the synthesis and biological activity of Mannich base derivatives of flavonoids (FMBD), which have demonstrated exceptional properties towards organic and bioorganic molecules. Several research groups have reported the pharmacological potential of these flavonoid derivatives, including antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as their ability to inhibit AChE and exhibit anticancer properties. Moreover, the unique characteristic of forming stable complexes with biomolecules positions flavonoid derivatives as valuable assets in the realm of biology and drug discovery. In this extensive review, we′ve meticulously analyzed over seventy six distinct research studies on this subject. Our aim is to provide a succinct overview of the wide‐ranging applications of flavonoid derivatives coupled with amines. Furthermore, we explore the promising horizons and potential innovations in this field. It's essential to highlight that these derivatives display no discernible signs of toxicity or eliciting immune responses, making them even more attractive for biopharmaceutical applications. Undoubtedly, the utilization of flavonoid derivatives combined with amines as crucial biopharmaceutical agents is poised for significant expansion in the forthcoming years.
3D Covalent Organic Frameworks from Design, Synthesis to Applications in Optoelectronics
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhang Weifeng , Yang Shuai , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: December 2023

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new class of crystalline materials connected by covalent bonds, have been developed rapidly in the past decades. However, the research on COFs is mainly focused on two‐dimensional (2D) COFs, and the research on three‐dimensional (3D) COFs is still in the initial stage. In 2D COFs, the covalent bonds exist only in the 2D flakes and can form 1D channels, which hinder the charge transport to some extent. In contrast, 3D COFs have a more complex pore structure and thus exhibit higher specific surface area and richer active sites, which greatly enhance the 3D charge carrier transport. Therefore, compared to 2D COFs, 3D COFs have stronger applicability in energy storage and conversion, sensing, and optoelectronics. In this review, it is first introduced the design principles for 3D COFs, and in particular summarize the development of conjugated building blocks in 3D COFs, with a special focus on their application in optoelectronics. Subsequently, the preparation of 3D COF powders and thin films and methods to improve the stability and functionalization of 3D COFs are summarized. Moreover, the applications of 3D COFs in electronics are outlined. Finally, conclusions and future research directions for 3D COFs are presented.
Pathogen‐Activated Macrophage Membrane Encapsulated CeO2‐TCPP Nanozyme with Targeted and Photo‐Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Li Wen , Qi Manlin , Zhou Jing , Sun Yue , Sun Jiao , Dong Biao , Wang Lin , Song Shuyan
Published: December 2023

Nanozymes with peroxidase‐mimic activity have recently emerged as effective strategies for eliminating infections. However, challenges in enhancing catalytic activities and the ability to target bacteria have hindered the broader application of nanozymes in bacterial infections. Herein, a novel nanozyme based on mesoporous CeO2 nanosphere and meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP) encapsulated within pathogen‐activated macrophage membranes, demonstrates photodynamic capability coupled with photo‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy for selective and efficient antibacterial application against infected wounds. Interestingly, the expression of Toll‐like receptors accordingly upregulates when macrophages are co‐cultured with specific bacteria, thereby facilitating to recognition of the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns originating from bacteria. The CeO2 not only serve as carriers for TCPP, but also exhibit intrinsic peroxidase‐like catalytic activity. Consequently, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐activated macrophage membrane‐coated CeO2‐TCPP (S‐MM@CeO2‐TCPP) generated singlet oxygen, and simultaneously promoted photo‐enhanced chemodynamic therapy, significantly boosting reactive oxygen species (ROS) to effectively eliminate bacteria. S‐MM@CeO2‐TCPP specifically targeted S. aureus via Toll‐like receptor, thereby directly disrupting bacterial structural integrity to eradicate S. aureus in vitro and relieve bacteria‐induced inflammation to accelerate infected wound healing in vivo. By selectively targeting specific bacteria and effectively killing pathogens, such strategy provides a more efficient and reliable alternative for precise elimination of pathogens and inflammation alleviation in microorganism‐infected wounds.
Optimize the Operation Parameters in Surging Auxiliary Slag Skimming Process Based on Large Eddy Simulation –Volume of Fluid –Discrete Phase Model Coupled Model
Authors: Ji Junhong , Li Deqiang , Du Hongxian , Zhang Sitong , Wang Zicheng
Published: December 2023

A transient 3D mathematical model is developed to study the surging auxiliary slag skimming process in molten iron ladle. A new mathematical model using the large eddy simulation is built for the gas–metal–slag three‐phase flow in the ladle. The Eulerian volume of fluid model is used for tracking the liquid–slag–air free surfaces, and the Lagrangian discrete phase model is used for describing the bubble movement. The procedure of bubble coming out of the liquid and getting into the air is modeled using a user‐defined function. The results show that optimizing the distance of the lance L and the injection volume Q can better the shape of the slag eye, increase the curvature radius of the slag eye on the side of the iron mouth, and broaden the area of the slag eye. At the same time, it can also improve the fluctuation of the slag layer and the liquid surface of molten iron, and reduce the splashing of molten iron and slag entrapment phenomenon, thus improving the slag skimming efficiency.
Ñudzahui Custom, Contracts, and Common Lands in Eighteenth-Century Oaxaca
Authors: Yannakakis Yanna
Published: December 2023

Indigenous communities in colonial Spanish America used imperial law to preserve, create, defend, and expand their landholding. This chapter analyzes Indigenous claims to customary land tenure and possession in response to a Spanish imperial program of land titling known as the composiciones de tierras and other challenges to communal territory in the Ñudzahui (Mixtec) region of Oaxaca. The land titling program dovetailed with the expansion of the livestock economy, population growth, and an increase in tribute and taxes during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In a context of increasing scarcity and pressure to normalize landholding, many Native communities went to court with competing claims to land. But Indigenous pueblos also came together to create plural ownership that allowed them to pool resources and share territorial jurisdiction. Through partnership contracts—the Spanish notarial form in which plural ownership was legally instantiated—Native authorities preserved or extended the territorial expanses of their communities, challenged or whittled away at the property of powerful Native elites (caciques), and transformed customary claims into new legal rights with an eye to securing the territorial integrity of their communities for the future.
The Yoreme Creation of Itom Ania in Northwestern Mexico: Histories of Cultural Landscapes
Authors: Radding Cynthia
Published: December 2023

Language, traditional ecological knowledge, and the defense of territory come together in this chapter focused on the Yoreme communities of the Mayo river basin of northwestern Mexico. Language plays a fundamental role in our interpretation of the rich archival sources that allow us to comprehend the deeply rooted knowledge base that Indigenous peoples developed from their material and spiritual worlds. It is also an essential part of the living histories we construct in collaboration with the Indigenous peoples that maintain their traditions in a radically transformed ecological region through their ritual cycles and collective memories. The analysis of changes in land tenure and use presented here privileges Indigenous knowledge of landforms, biological species, and the cultural values that the communities of this region ascribed to the physical features and the territorial extension of the spaces they inhabited and defended. Its objectives seek to highlight the parallel production of oral and written sources and to contribute an historical analysis that is useful for the Yoreme communities in their present-day defense of their territory and its resources.
Shock waves in holographic EPR pair
Authors: Yeh Chen-Pin
Published: December 2023

Abstract

We study real-time correlators for N = 4 super Yang Mill fields coupled to a pair of entangled quarks using holography, in the setup that energy quanta sent from one quark perturb the quantum state of the fields and affect the other quark. We make the connection with the ER=EPR conjecture by considering the situation when two quarks are uniformly accelerating opposite to each other. The dynamics of quarks, in the gravity dual, is described by the string worldsheet theory, which in this case has the induced metric describing a two-sided AdS black hole, or a wormhole. Energy quanta sent by one of the quarks produce the shock wave on the worldsheet. We find the effect of shock wave on the boundary field correlators and we discuss the consequence for the ER=EPR conjecture.
Modelling lipid rafts formation through chemo-mechanical interplay triggered by receptor–ligand binding
Authors: Bernard Chiara , Carotenuto Angelo Rosario , Pugno Nicola Maria , Fraldi Massimiliano , Deseri Luca
Published: December 2023

Cell membranes, mediator of many biological mechanisms from adhesion and metabolism up to mutation and infection, are highly dynamic and heterogeneous environments exhibiting a strong coupling between biochemical events and structural re-organisation. This involves conformational changes induced, at lower scales, by lipid order transitions and by the micro-mechanical interplay of lipids with transmembrane proteins and molecular diffusion. Particular attention is focused on lipid rafts, ordered lipid microdomains rich of signalling proteins, that co-localise to enhance substance trafficking and activate different intracellular biochemical pathways. In this framework, the theoretical modelling of the dynamic clustering of lipid rafts implies a full multiphysics coupling between the kinetics of phase changes and the mechanical work performed by transmembrane proteins on lipids, involving the bilayer elasticity. This mechanism produces complex interspecific dynamics in which membrane stresses and chemical potentials do compete by determining different morphological arrangements, alteration in diffusive walkways and coalescence phenomena, with a consequent influence on both signalling potential and intracellular processes. Therefore, after identifying the leading chemo-mechanical interactions, the present work investigates from a modelling perspective the spatio-temporal evolution of raft domains to theoretically explain co-localisation and synergy between proteins’ activation and raft formation, by coupling diffusive and mechanical phenomena to observe different morphological patterns and clustering of ordered lipids. This could help to gain new insights into the remodelling of cell membranes and could potentially suggest mechanically based strategies to control their selectivity, by orienting intracellular functions and mechanotransduction.
Cost-Availability Aware Scaling: Towards Optimal Scaling of Cloud Services
Authors: Bento Andre , Araujo Filipe , Barbosa Raul
Published: December 2023

Cloud services have become increasingly popular for developing large-scale applications due to the abundance of resources they offer. The scalability and accessibility of these resources have made it easier for organizations of all sizes to develop and implement sophisticated and demanding applications to meet demand instantly. As monetary fees are involved in the use of the cloud, one of the challenges for application developers and operators is to balance their budget constraints with crucial quality attributes, such as availability. Industry standards usually default to simplified solutions that cannot simultaneously consider competing objectives. Our research addresses this challenge by proposing a Cost-Availability Aware Scaling (CAAS) approach that uses multi-objective optimization of availability and cost. We evaluate CAAS using two open-source microservices applications, yielding improved results compared to the industry standard CPU-based Autoscaler (AS). CAAS can find optimal system configurations with higher availability, between 1 and 2 nines on average, and reduced costs, 6% on average, with the first application, and 1 nine of availability on average, and reduced costs up to 18% on average, with the second application. The gap in the results between our model and the default AS suggests that operators can significantly improve the operation of their applications.
Rising utilization of stable isotopes in tree rings for climate change and forest ecology
Authors: Huang Ru , Xu Chenxi , Grießinger Jussi , Feng Xiaoyu , Zhu Haifeng , Bräuning Achim
Published: December 2023

Analyses of stable isotopes (C, O, H) in tree rings are increasingly important cross-disciplinary programs. The rapid development in this field documented in an increasing number of publications requires a comprehensive review. This study includes a bibliometric analysis-based review to better understand research trends in tree ring stable isotope research. Overall, 1475 publications were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection for 1974–2023. The findings are that: (1) numbers of annual publications and citations increased since 1974. From 1974 to 1980, there were around two relevant publications per year. However, from 2020 to 2022, this rose sharply to 109 publications per year. Likewise, average article citations were less than four per year before 1990, but were around four per article per year after 2000; (2) the major subjects using tree ring stable isotopes include forestry, geosciences, and environmental sciences, contributing to 42.5% of the total during 1974–2023; (3) the top three most productive institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences (423), the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (227), and the University of Arizona (204). These achievements result from strong collaborations; (4) review papers, for example, (Dawson et al., Annu Rev Ecol Syst 33:507–559, 2002) and (McCarroll and Loader, Quat Sci Rev 23:771–801, 2004), are among the most cited, with more than 1000 citations; (5) tree ring stable isotope studies mainly focus on climatology and ecology, with atmospheric CO2 one of the most popular topics. Since 2010, precipitation and drought have received increasing attention. Based on this analysis, the research stages, key findings, debated issues, limitations and directions for future research are summarized. This study serves as an important attempt to understand the progress on the use of stable isotopes in tree rings, providing scientific guidance for young researchers in this field.
Noise from Unconventional Aircraft: A Review of Current Measurement Techniques, Psychoacoustics, Metrics and Regulation
Authors: Lotinga Michael J. B. , Ramos-Romero Carlos , Green Nathan , Torija Antonio J.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of Review

This review aims to evaluate and discuss the current advances in the measurement and assessment of the noise generated by unconventional aircraft, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles. Building upon the findings of this review, research gaps are identified, and further work is proposed to enhance existing and emerging methods for the appropriate noise management of these advanced air mobility (AAM) technologies.

Recent Findings

Noise has been highlighted as one of the key concerns for the wider deployment of UAS and UAM operations. This is suggested to be due to having acoustic signatures with sound characteristics commonly associated with noise annoyance, such as ‘sharpness’ (the perceived proportion of high-pitched sonic energy) and ‘tonality’ (the perceptual prominence of concentrated sonic energy at discrete frequencies). These types of ‘psychoacoustic features’ are thought to be connected with observations of increased noise annoyance for AAM, compared with conventional aircraft and road vehicles, at the same level of sound exposure.

In the last few years, there has been a growing body of research on UAS and UAM noise. Research has focused on a comprehensive understanding of the sound sources of these unconventional aircraft under a wide range of operating and operational conditions. Based on gathered evidence, measurement protocols for both laboratory and field studies are very advanced for the acoustic characterisation of UAS in terms of sound level, frequency and directivity. Looking at the human response to UAS and UAM noise, loudness has been consistently reported as the main contributor to noise annoyance, with second-order contributions from other psychoacoustic features, such as sharpness, tonality and ‘amplitude modulation’ (fluctuations in loudness over time), varying among studies. Noise targets for UAS certification have been derived from existing regulations for conventional aircraft and rotorcraft, but might not account for the usually reported annoyance offset between UAS/UAM and conventional vehicles. Key research gaps identified include the lack of studies focusing on multiple events, and deeper understanding of the influence that personal or contextual factors may have on responses, which will be important for the development of robust methods for the assessment and minimisation of community noise annoyance due to the operation of these unconventional aircraft.

Graphical Abstract
Logistics of surgical missions during the war in Ukraine: lessons learned
Authors: Fuzaylov Gennadiy , Bean Christopher
Published: December 2023

Providing surgical care for children living in warzones is a unique and complex issue. One solution to this problem is the delivery of surgical care through surgical/medical missions. However, significant issues exist when carried out in countries experiencing war or humanitarian crisis, including further stress placed on strained health systems, lack of availability of local resources to provide necessary support, and safety considerations for staff and patients. We describe our experience planning and carrying out a surgical mission to provide burn and reconstructive care to Ukrainian children by completing the surgeries in a nearby country, Poland. The necessary planning and logistics of such a mission are complex, including: patient recruitment, screening, selection, transportation between multiple countries, language and cultural barriers between medical teams as well as with patients, involvement of multiple governmental agencies, and facilitating appropriate follow-up care. However, this approach is worth exploring as it may carry some benefits in terms of resource utilization and complexity of care that is able to be provided.
Hensel: String Quartet in E flat
Authors: Taylor Benedict
Published: December 2023

The String Quartet in E flat major (1834) by Fanny Hensel, née Mendelssohn, is one of the most important works by a female composer written in the nineteenth century. Composed at a turning point in her life (as Hensel was not only grappling with her own creative voice but also coming to terms with her identity as a married woman, and the role her family expected of her), the quartet is significant in showing a woman composing in a genre that was then almost exclusively the domain of male artists. Benedict Taylor's illuminating book situates itself within developing scholarly discourse on the music of women composers, going beyond apologetics – or condemnation of those who hindered their development – to examine the strength and qualities of the music and how it responded to the most progressive works of the period.
The Coerced Conscience
Authors: Gais Amy
Published: December 2023

The Coerced Conscience examines liberty of conscience, the freedom to live one's life in accordance with the dictates of conscience, especially in religion. It offers a new perspective on the politics of conscience through the eyes of some of its most influential advocates and critics in Western history, John Milton, Thomas Hobbes, Baruch Spinoza, and Pierre Bayle. By tracing how these four philosophers, revolutionaries, and heretics envisioned, defended, and condemned this crucial freedom, Amy Gais argues that liberty of conscience has a more controversial history than we often acknowledge today. Rather than defend or condemn a static, monolithic view of liberty conscience, these figures disagreed profoundly on what protecting this fundamental principle entails in practice, as well as the threat of hypocrisy and conformity to freedom. This revisionist account of liberty of conscience challenges our intuitions about what it means to be free today.
Statistics Using R
Authors: Weinberg Sharon Lawner , Harel Daphna , Abramowitz Sarah Knapp
Published: December 2023

Statistics Using R introduces the most up-to-date approaches to R programming alongside an introduction to applied statistics using real data in the behavioral, social, and health sciences. It is uniquely focused on the importance of data management as an underlying and key principle of data analysis. It includes an online R tutorial for learning the basics of R, as well as two R files for each chapter, one in Base R code and the other in tidyverse R code, that were used to generate all figures, tables, and analyses for that chapter. These files are intended as models to be adapted and used by readers in conducting their own research. Additional teaching and learning aids include solutions to all end-of-chapter exercises and PowerPoint slides to highlight the important take-aways of each chapter. This textbook is appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate students in social sciences, applied statistics, and research methods.
The Use of Force and the International Legal System
Authors: Gill Terry D. , Tibori-Szabó Kinga
Published: December 2023

This book provides in-depth coverage and analysis of the international law, rules and principles that govern the use of force. Through a unique intra-disciplinary perspective, it examines how the law on the use of force functions within the international legal system and how it interacts with other relevant areas of the law. This includes arms control law, the law governing the use of the international commons, the law of armed conflict and human rights law, and the law of international responsibility. It offers an accessible guide to the law on the use of force to students and practitioners, alongside providing a unique perspective on the place and function of the law on the use of force within the wider legal landscape which will appeal to both academic professionals and others interested in how law regulates the use of force.
Sappho and Homer
Authors: Mueller Melissa
Published: December 2023

In this book, Melissa Mueller brings two of the most celebrated poets from Greek antiquity into conversation with contemporary theorists of gender, sexuality, and affect studies. Like all lyric poets of her time, Sappho was steeped in the affects and story-world of Homeric epic, and the language, characters, and themes of her poetry often intersect with those of Homer. Yet the relationship between Sappho and Homer has usually been framed as competitive and antagonistic. This book instead sets the two side by side, within the embrace of a non-hierarchical, 'reparative reading' culture, as first conceived by queer theorist and poet Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. Reintroducing readers to a Sappho who supplements Homer's vision, it is an approach that locates Sappho's lyrics at the center of timely discussions about materiality, shame, queer failure, and the aging body, while presenting a sustaining and collaborative way of reading both lyric and epic.
A data-driven analysis of short and long laminar separation bubbles
Authors: Dellacasagrande M. , Lengani D. , Simoni D. , Yarusevych S.
Published: December 2023

This work investigates the statistical response of short and long laminar separation bubbles to external flow parameters, such as Reynolds number, free-stream turbulence intensity and streamwise pressure gradient, known to govern bubble formation and characteristics. A parametric experimental campaign has been performed using particle image velocimetry on a flat plate to provide a comprehensive database for the characterization of separation-induced transition in both short and long separation bubbles. The proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was applied to the data set of all dividing streamlines commonly used to identify a laminar separation bubble. This provides an optimal state-space basis for the data-driven classification of the state of a laminar separation bubble, with the leading modes capturing the change in length and height of the laminar separation bubble in response to changes in the flow parameters. When projected onto the POD subspace constituted by the first three leading modes, the normalized data from the present study and the results from prior investigations not used in the modal analysis collapse on the same trajectory in the low-dimensional space. The present POD basis can be therefore adopted for the description of the general response of the time-mean shape of a laminar separation bubble to changes in the main influencing parameters. A well-defined pattern was observed in the case of short laminar separation bubbles in the reduced-order space defined by the first three POD coefficients, whereas a higher dispersion in the long-bubble regime indicates an increased sensitivity of long bubbles to the external flow characteristics.
Heritable responses to stress in plants
Authors: Kovalchuk Igor
Published: December 2023

Most plants are adapted to their environments through generations of exposure to all elements. The adaptation process involves the best possible response to fluctuations in the environment based on the genetic and epigenetic make-up of the organism. Many plant species have the capacity to acclimate or adapt to certain stresses, allowing them to respond more efficiently, with fewer resources diverted from growth and development. However, plants can also acquire protection against stress across generations. Such a response is known as an intergenerational response to stress; typically, plants lose most of the tolerance in the subsequent generation when propagated without stress. Occasionally, the protection lasts for more than one generation after stress exposure and such a response is called transgenerational. In this review, we will summarize what is known about inter- and transgenerational responses to stress, focus on phenotypic and epigenetic events, their mechanisms and ecological and evolutionary meaning.
Low-Skilled Liberalizers: Support for Free Trade in Africa
Authors: Dolan Lindsay R. , Milner Helen V.
Published: December 2023

Despite populist backlash against globalization in advanced industrialized countries, developing countries have recently sought to liberalize trade. To shed light on this phenomenon, we investigate mass attitudes toward free trade in thirty-six African countries. Using two rounds of Afrobarometer data and original survey data from Ghana and Uganda, we find that individuals hold views that are consistent with their economic self-interest. As factor endowment models predict for a sample of skill-scarce countries, low-skilled individuals are more likely than high-skilled individuals to support free trade. Moreover, the strongest negative effects of skill occur for the most skill-scarce countries in the sample and are driven by individuals in the labor force. Our results are robust to measuring variables more precisely in original surveys and controlling for other factors thought to shape attitudes. The findings indicate that previous evidence against factor endowment models may have partially resulted from inadequate data from the developing world.
Do Exchange Rates Influence Voting? Evidence from Elections and Survey Experiments in Democracies
Authors: Quinn Dennis P. , Sattler Thomas , Weymouth Stephen
Published: December 2023

Intense debate surrounds the effects of trade on voting, yet less attention has been paid to how fluctuations in the real exchange rate may influence elections. A moderately overvalued currency enhances consumers’ purchasing power, yet extreme overvaluation threatens exports and economic growth. We therefore expect exchange rates to have a conditional effect on elections: when a currency is undervalued, voters will punish incumbents for further depreciations; yet when it is highly overvalued, they may reward incumbents for depreciation. We empirically explore our argument in three steps. First, we examine up to 412 elections in up to 59 democratic countries and show that voters generally punish depreciation in the real exchange rate when the currency is undervalued. We also find that at extremely high levels of currency overvaluation, voters sometimes reward incumbents for depreciation. A currency peg, especially in the eurozone, appears to insulate incumbents from these effects. In a second step, we explore the microfoundations of the election results through survey experiments in three advanced industrialized and two emerging market nations with different monetary and exchange rate policies and institutions. Respondents in countries with undervalued to mildly overvalued currencies disapprove of currency depreciations, whereas those facing a very highly overvalued currency favor depreciation. Third, we examine the mechanism of political competition in exchange rate policymaking and demonstrate that sustained undervaluation is rare in countries with strong political competition. Democratic governments have electoral incentives to avoid using undervalued currencies as a means of shielding workers from import competition.
Millet research status and prospects for alleviating food insecurity through a text-mining approach
Authors: Sahu Jagajjit , Chandra Tilak , Jaiswal Sarika , Iquebal Mir Asif , Kumar Dinesh
Published: December 2023

In view of the celebration of the ‘International Year of Millets,’ millets are popularizing sustainable agricultural output amid challenging climates and nourishing adequately as food and feed. The extent of scientific intervention is the foundation for designing, promoting and popularizing neglected crops on social platforms. Planning future directions and adaptive strategies largely require regular evaluation of research efforts to identify hotspots and research gaps, as identified in the present study by creating a robust text-mining approach that integrates scientometrics using PubMed citation data. Keyword mining reveals that India and China are the leading publication centres on millets, possibly due to their large proportion of cultivation and indigenous nature. It further reveals that the pearl millet is the predominant one, followed by foxtail and finger millet, suggesting that most research is confined to them only; however, other millets, still have a research gap in comparison. The word abiotic stress is associated with high frequency in millet research due to its adaptive nature amid climate change. Thematic representation explored the novel concept of millet's utility as a probiotic and millet bran to ensure nutrient–cereal properties based on the persistency of keywords throughput research progression; however, incurious consumption is associated with harmful ochratoxin. Bio-concept mining and knowledge graph generation divided the millet research output into four large domains, which provides a largely covered bio-concepts for millet research and co-concurrence of emerging bio-concepts to intense progress and finds an adequate literature gap to improve millet research for sustained growth and equilibrate biodiversity.
Canadian Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on Working with Older Homeless Adults in Outreach Settings
Authors: Sacco Veronica , Stolee Paul , MacEachen Ellen , Boscart Veronique
Published: December 2023

Service providers have a unique understanding of older homeless adults’ challenges and service needs. However, research on the experiences of health care providers (HCPs) who work with this population is limited. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the experiences (roles, challenges, and rewards) of HCPs who work with older homeless adults (age 50 and over) in outreach settings. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 10 HCPs who worked in these roles. Four themes emerged: (a) the client–provider relationship as an essential building block to HCPs’ work; (b) progression of care that acknowledges the “whole person”; (c) collaboration as integral to providers’ work; and (d) the importance of system navigation. Providers found their work personally and professionally fulfilling but were frustrated by system-level challenges. Findings can be used to identify strategies on how to further support providers in their roles and enhance service provision for older homeless individuals.
Product structure of graph classes with bounded treewidth
Authors: Campbell Rutger , Clinch Katie , Distel Marc , Gollin J. Pascal , Hendrey Kevin , Hickingbotham Robert , Huynh Tony , Illingworth Freddie , Tamitegama Youri , Tan Jane , Wood David R.
Published: December 2023

We show that many graphs with bounded treewidth can be described as subgraphs of the strong product of a graph with smaller treewidth and a bounded-size complete graph. To this end, define the underlying treewidth of a graph class
$\mathcal{G}$
to be the minimum non-negative integer
$c$
such that, for some function
$f$
, for every graph
$G \in \mathcal{G}$
there is a graph
$H$
with
$\textrm{tw}(H) \leqslant c$
such that
$G$
is isomorphic to a subgraph of
$H \boxtimes K_{f(\textrm{tw}(G))}$
. We introduce disjointed coverings of graphs and show they determine the underlying treewidth of any graph class. Using this result, we prove that the class of planar graphs has underlying treewidth
$3$
; the class of
$K_{s,t}$
-minor-free graphs has underlying treewidth
$s$
(for
$t \geqslant \max \{s,3\}$
); and the class of
$K_t$
-minor-free graphs has underlying treewidth
$t-2$
. In general, we prove that a monotone class has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if it excludes some fixed topological minor. We also study the underlying treewidth of graph classes defined by an excluded subgraph or excluded induced subgraph. We show that the class of graphs with no
$H$
subgraph has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if every component of
$H$
is a subdivided star, and that the class of graphs with no induced
$H$
subgraph has bounded underlying treewidth if and only if every component of
$H$
is a star.
A low-profile wideband circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Chai Kun , Li Zhi , Zhao Yajuan , Han Liping , Han Guorui , Liu Yufeng
Published: December 2023

A low-profile wideband circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna is demonstrated for C-band applications. The metasurface consists of 4 × 4 square patches with Z-shaped slots. Characteristic mode analysis is used to investigate the modal behavior of the metasurface, and a pair of degenerate modes is chosen as the operating modes. The CP radiation is realized by exciting a pair of degenerate modes of the metasurface through a slot antenna, which is used as a feed structure with a 90° phase difference. The CP bandwidth is further widened by combining the resonance modes of the metasurface and slot antenna. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.47–4.76 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 3.5–4.9 GHz with a peak gain of 6.9 dBic. Moreover, the antenna exhibits well left-hand CP radiation performances with a low profile of 0.046λ0.
Heterogeneous Processes in the Atmosphere of Mars and Impact on H2O2 and O3 Abundances
Authors: Daerden Frank , Crowley John N. , Neary Lori , Smith Michael D. , Loeffler Mark J. , Clancy R. Todd , Wolff Michael J. , Aoki Shohei , Sagawa Hideo
Published: December 2023

Current models underestimate the highest observed ozone (O3) column densities on Mars. These estimates could be improved by including the uptake of odd hydrogen species (HOx) on water ice clouds, but the reported uptake coefficient of HO2 is likely overestimated for atmospheric conditions. This leaves a fundamental problem in Mars' atmospheric chemistry unsolved. Here, using the GEM‐Mars general circulation model, we explore a range of processes involving multiple phases (gas, adsorbed and solid) that may contribute to an alternative solution. First, we focus on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and discuss its physical states on Mars and its chemical impact. We also conjecture its photolytic destruction in ices with model simulations and Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars observations. Then, we include in the model all relevant (for Mars) heterogeneous reactions, both on dust and water ice, recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for terrestrial atmospheric studies. We find that only the uptake of HO2 and H2O2 on dust are efficient on Mars. Finally, we find that attenuation of sunlight by water ice clouds in the calculation of photolysis rates leads to increased O3 and H2O2 abundances below the ice clouds. The combination of the proposed processes leads to O3 increases without the need for strong uptake of HO2 on ice, but it remains difficult to find a good agreement with O3 and H2O2 observations on the global scale. We provide specific recommendations for future work in observations, laboratory experiments and modeling to advance our understanding of fundamental chemistry on Mars.
Influence of Vertical Hydrologic Exchange Flow, Channel Flow, and Biogeochemical Kinetics on CH4 Emissions From Rivers
Authors: Chen Kewei , Yang Shuai , Roden Eric E. , Chen Xingyuan , Chang Kuang‐Yu , Guo Zhilin , Liang Xiuyu , Ma Enze , Fan Linfeng , Zheng Chunmiao
Published: December 2023

CH4 emissions from inland water are highly uncertain in the current global CH4 budget, especially for rivers and streams due to sparse measurements and the uncertainty of measurements caused by turbulent water flow. A previous study has revealed that vertical hydrologic exchange flow (VHEF) is the main regulator of CH4 emissions from riverbed sediments. However, to what extent the understanding obtained from the plot‐scale can be extended to the reach scale and basin scale remains unknown. To address this challenge, we developed a process‐based model to estimate CH4 flux at the air‐water interface using the attributes available in the national hydrography data set. It calculates the annual mean flux of VHEF, CH4 production in sediments, and CH4 transport in the river channel in a sequential manner. Model performance is evaluated by CH4 efflux observed at the Hanford reach of the Columbia River. We show that reach‐wise sediment hydrologic and biogeochemical conditions estimated from the national hydrography data set could serve as a good indicator of CH4 emissions from rivers. Aerobic methane oxidation and export to the downstream are the dominant ways of total CH4 loss for the large lowland river. The hotspots of CH4 emissions are likely to be at the reaches with fine sediments and slow channel velocity. This study demonstrates the possibility of quantifying CH4 emissions at the reach scale and the modeling framework has the potential to be extended to the basin scale to improve estimates of CH4 emissions from lotic inland water.
Predictors of early morbidity and mortality in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: data from five randomized, controlled, phase III trials in 3700 patients
Authors: Mai Elias K. , Hielscher Thomas , Bertsch Uta , Salwender Hans J. , Zweegman Sonja , Raab Marc S. , Munder Markus , Pantani Lucia , Mancuso Katia , Brossart Peter , Beksac Meral , Blau Igor W. , Dürig Jan , Besemer Britta , Fenk Roland , Reimer Peter , van der Holt Bronno , Hänel Mathias , von Metzler Ivana , Graeven Ullrich , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Boccadoro Mario , Scheid Christof , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Hillengass Jens , Weisel Katja C. , Cavo Michele , Sonneveld Pieter , Goldschmidt Hartmut
Published: December 2023

Early morbidity and mortality affect patient outcomes in multiple myeloma. Thus, we dissected the incidence and causes of morbidity/mortality during induction therapy (IT) for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), and developed/validated a predictive risk score. We evaluated 3700 transplant-eligible NDMM patients treated in 2005–2020 with novel agent-based triplet/quadruplet IT. Primary endpoints were severe infections, death, or a combination of both. Patients were divided in a training (n = 1333) and three validation cohorts (n = 2367). During IT, 11.8%, 1.8%, and 12.5% of patients in the training cohort experienced severe infections, death, or both, respectively. Four major, baseline risk factors for severe infection/death were identified: low platelet count (<150/nL), ISS III, higher WHO performance status (>1), and age (>60 years). A risk score (1 risk factor=1 point) stratified patients in low (39.5%; 0 points), intermediate (41.9%; 1 point), and high (18.6%; ≥2 points) risk. The risk for severe infection/death increased from 7.7% vs. 11.5% vs. 23.3% in the low- vs. intermediate- vs. high-risk groups (p < 0.001). The risk score was independently validated in three trials incorporating quadruplet IT with an anti-CD38 antibody. Our analyses established a robust and easy-to-use score to identify NDMM patients at risk of severe infection/death, covering the latest quadruplet induction therapies. Trial registrations: HOVON-65/GMMG-HD4: EudraCT No. 2004-000944-26. GMMG-MM5: EudraCT No. 2010-019173-16. GMMG-HD6: NCT02495922. EMN02/HOVON-95: NCT01208766. GMMG-HD7: NCT03617731.
Periodontitis salivary microbiota exacerbates colitis-induced anxiety-like behavior via gut microbiota
Authors: Qian Jun , Lu Jiangyue , Cheng Shuyu , Zou Xihong , Tao Qing , Wang Min , Wang Nannan , Zheng Lichun , Liao Wenzheng , Li Yanfen , Yan Fuhua
Published: December 2023

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system between the gut and central nervous system. Many host-related factors can affect gut microbiota, including oral bacteria, making the brain a vulnerable target via the gut–brain axis. Saliva contains a large number of oral bacteria, and periodontitis, a common oral disease, can change the composition of salivary microbiota. However, the role and mechanism of periodontitis salivary microbiota (PSM) on the gut–brain axis remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the nature and mechanisms of this relationship using the mice with dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced anxiety-like behavior. Compared with healthy salivary microbiota, PSM worsened anxiety-like behavior; it significantly reduced the number of normal neurons and activated microglia in DSS mice. Antibiotic treatment eliminated the effect of PSM on anxiety-like behavior, and transplantation of fecal microbiota from PSM-gavaged mice exacerbated anxiety-like behavior. These observations indicated that the anxiety-exacerbating effect of PSM was dependent on the gut microbiota. Moreover, the PSM effect on anxiety-like behavior was not present in non-DSS mice, indicating that DSS treatment was a prerequisite for PSM to exacerbate anxiety. Mechanistically, PSM altered the histidine metabolism in both gut and brain metabolomics. Supplementation of histidine-related metabolites had a similar anxiety-exacerbating effect as that of PSM, suggesting that histidine metabolism may be a critical pathway in this process. Our results demonstrate that PSM can exacerbate colitis-induced anxiety-like behavior by directly affecting the host gut microbiota, emphasizing the importance of oral diseases in the gut–brain axis.
Error-mitigated quantum simulation of interacting fermions with trapped ions
Authors: Chen Wentao , Zhang Shuaining , Zhang Jialiang , Su Xiaolu , Lu Yao , Zhang Kuan , Qiao Mu , Li Ying , Zhang Jing-Ning , Kim Kihwan
Published: December 2023

Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not adopted. Among various error-mitigation schemes, probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) has been proposed as a general and systematic protocol that can be applied to numerous hardware platforms and quantum algorithms. However, PEC has only been tested in two-qubit systems and a superconducting multi-qubit system by learning a sparse error model. Here, we benchmark PEC using up to four trapped-ion qubits. For the benchmark, we simulate the dynamics of interacting fermions with or without spins by applying multiple Trotter steps. By tomographically reconstructing the error model and incorporating other mitigation methods such as positive probability and symmetry constraints, we are able to increase the fidelity of simulation and faithfully observe the dynamics of the Fermi–Hubbard model, including the different behavior of charge and spin of fermions. Our demonstrations can be an essential step for further extending systematic error-mitigation schemes toward practical quantum advantages.
Georeferenced dataset of maritime piracy in the Gulf of Guinea from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Moura Ricardo , Pessanha Santos Nuno , Rocha André , Lobo Victor , de Castro Neto Miguel
Published: December 2023

Piracy has been a global concern and a threat to the safety of people performing maritime trade around the globe. Since ancient times maritime piracy has been a common practice that, unfortunately, has not ended in the current days. A georeferenced dataset providing the position, meteorologic conditions, and a description of the occurrence can provide essential information for analyzing this global phenomenon. The dataset focuses on the Gulf of Guinea (GoG) as an area dominated by corruption and weak supervision capacity by the local authorities. The time interval considered in this paper is between 2010 and 2021. Using this simple dataset, it is possible to analyze attributes such as when the piracy occurred or if the illegal activity involved deaths or kidnapping. The accuracy of the data was guaranteed by cross-referencing data sources, so we have 595 pirate attacks accurately described. This dataset can easily be used for data mining, allowing further analysis of the patterns and trends of pirate attacks in the GoG over time.