bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation phenomena of natural convection in horizontal annulus under self-induced circular magnetic fields
Authors: Oh Jin Ho , Park Il Seouk
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In general, the bifurcation phenomenon of the natural convection has largely been studied. But the bifurcation of natural convection under magnetic conditions has not been studied as per the authors’ knowledge. This paper aims to investigate the changes in bifurcation phenomenon by the self-induced circular magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors numerically solved the natural convection in an annulus. The SIMPLE algorithm was adopted for pressure-momenturm coupling. The Boussinesq approximation was used for numerical modeling of natural convection. Finally, the Lorentz force effect by the magnetic field was considered through the source terms in the momentum conservation equation.

Findings

It was determined that the heat-transfer rate changes by 17% owing to the applied magnetic effect, and the range of the Rayleigh number for flow bifurcation is changed by the magnetic effect. Moreover, under the strong magnetic condition, the flow bifurcation continues even at very high Ra. Previously, flow bifurcation has been understood as a flow instability phenomena, and the Lorentz force was regarded as a flow-damping effect; however, in this study, it was found that the magnetic field can boost the flow instability and induce flow bifurcation even in the Rayleigh number region where the bifurcation does not appear.

Originality/value

This paper is dealing with the bifurcation phenomenon in MHD natural convection problems. In the past, the electromagnetic forces were regarded as always acting to damp out the existing flows; herewith, the authors first investigated that the magnetic effect can boost the bifurcation of a kind of flow instability phenomenon.
Examination of connectivist theory in English language learning
Authors: Sozudogru Oytun , Altinay Mehmet , Dagli Gokmen , Altinay Zehra , Altinay Fahriye
Published: June 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of technology and online communication platforms in English language learning based on connectivist theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaire and checklist were used to examine the role of online communication tools in the learning process. The data analysis was done with SPSS.

Findings

Results showed that being involved in collaborative learning and dialogue increases connectivist knowledge, reflection and negotiation. Online communication tools can be used as an effective supplementary material for learning.

Research limitations/implications

The limitation of this paper is that the number of participants was limited to 27.

Practical implications

This paper gives insights on the use of language and technology integration.

Social implications

New way of learning and language learning become essential for the pedagogy and learner in the higher education.

Originality/value

The paper is original in its research context and gives a value to contribute new way of learning based on approach.
Revealed preferences among NBA fans: Is skin tone a factor?
Authors: Belasen Ariel R. , Belasen Alan T.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Skin tone has been shown to impact the ability of darker-skinned athletes to maximize their earnings to potential earnings ratio. Additionally, studies of fan preference have found strong support for racial implications on team preference and ticket sales. The purpose of this paper is to test these theories empirically by examining the marginal impact of skin tone on top selling jerseys.

Design/methodology/approach

This study makes use of an ordered probit regression analysis to examine the impact of NBA players’ skin tone on their jersey sales after controlling for a number of other factors. Jersey sales are measured in rank order and skin tone is captured by measuring the level of pigmentation in player profile photos.

Findings

Overall, the study finds a significantly positive relationship between skin tone and jersey sale rankings. This runs contrary to the standard literature results that darker-skinned athletes are likely to earn less and attract fewer endorsements than their lighter-skinned counterparts. More specifically, the marginal impact of skin tone is comparable to the marginal impact of individual player statistics in determining how well a player’s jersey will sell.

Practical implications

If, in fact, fans are more likely to purchase jerseys from darker-skinned NBA players, it stands to reason that the standard business practice found in the literature of rewarding lighter-skinned players with higher salaries and better endorsement deals requires further investigation.

Originality/value

This study provides valuable information about athlete branding and offers insights to advertisers and sponsors seeking to align the strategy of branding athletes for increased jersey sales.
Detecting manager’s fraud risk using text analysis: evidence from Iran
Authors: Rahrovi Dastjerdi Alireza , Foroghi Daruosh , Kiani Gholam Hossain
Published: June 2019

Purpose

In accounting and finance, researchers have used many ways to detect manager’s fraud risk. Until now, many researchers have used some data mining methods in these two fields to detect this risk. The purpose of this paper is to compare the precision of two data mining methods in detecting such a risk.

Design/methodology/approach

For this purpose, this paper analyzed the texts of board’s reports and used two methods including the convex optimization (CVX) method and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method. In this way, the words of these reports, which have the greatest power in explaining the manager’s high fraud risk index, were identified. Using these words, this paper presented a model that could detect manager’s high fraud risk index in companies.

Findings

The results indicated that both methods can detect the manager’s high fraud risk index with a precision between 82.55 and 91.25 percent. The LASSO method was significantly more precise than the CVX method.

Research limitations/implications

The lack of access to an official and reliable list of firms suspected to fraud and the lack of access to the Microsoft Word (MS Word) file of board’s reports were two of the most important limitations of this study.

Practical implications

Regulatory bodies and independent auditors can consider the proposed methods in this study for assessing the fraud risk for a firm or other legal parties.

Originality/value

This paper avoided using merely financial statements data to detect the manager’s fraud risk index and focused on texts of board’s reports for the detection process. The capabilities of data mining and text mining methods for detecting the manager’s fraud risk index using board’s reports were tested in this paper. By comparing CVX and LASSO results, this paper indicated that methods with a binary-dependent variable have more power and are more precise than methods with continuous-dependent variables for detecting fraud.
Private-public interaction in public service innovation processes- business model challenges for a start-up EdTech firm
Authors: Mattsson Lars-Gunnar , Andersson Per
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Contemporary public service innovations to an important degree are initiated and enabled by digitalization. Digitalization stimulates entry of new firms (start-ups) based on innovative implementation of digital technology for public services. The interwoven digitalization and innovation processes involve interaction and interdependencies between private business actors and public service providing actors. In this paper, the authors take the perspective of a start-up business actor that tries to develop and implement a viable business model in the very dynamic context of digital transformation of public education. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the instability of a startup firm’s business model during public service innovation can be explained. The research question is: “How can business modeling by a start-up firm be explained by tensions between its business model and public service provision models?”

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an abductive logic, the authors choose a single-case study of a start-up firm’s development in 2010-2018 and its interaction with public actors. Information about the firm acquired in the first phase of the study showed that it frequently changed its business model. A general analytical framework was developed to aid in efforts to answer the research question.

Findings

The case showed that a business model could be seen as a temporary outcome of a business modeling process, and that also concurrently public actors change their public actors’ service provisioning models. Public-private interaction reveals tensions that drive business modeling.

Originality/value

The study contributes to empirical knowledge about private-public interaction in the dynamic and complex context in which digital transformation in society drives public service innovations. The conceptual contribution rests more generally in the analytical framework and how it frames public actor’s “service provision modeling” as a driver of business modeling.
Fairness of the NPD partnership’s financial distribution pie
Authors: Wölfel Joachim , Grosse-Ruyken Pan Theo
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Industry practice shows that buyer-supplier partnerships are negatively influenced by zero-sum pie-sharing competition. Interfirm rivalryvis-à-visa fair financial distribution of the mutually generated partnership pie is a growing source of concern for firms because fairness has a direct effect on the competitiveness of a partnership. This study aims to examine the consequences of fairness in pie-sharing within buyer-supplier new product development (NPD) partnerships on product-innovation, product-quality and product-cost, as well as the mediating role of opportunism.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analyses are grounded on data from 147 NPD partnerships between Tier-1 suppliers and automotive manufacturers, using structural equation modeling with SPSS AMOS.

Findings

Findings indicate that pie-sharing fairness significantly influences the partnership’s ability to increase NPD effectiveness and efficiency. Moreover, unfairness in sharing the mutual pie showed to promote harmful opportunism, which negatively mediates the relationship between pie-sharing fairness and NPD performance. To control partners’ fairness perception in the first place, the analysis revealed three factors that affect pie-sharing fairness significantly, i.e. relationship induced financial performance, behavioral tension and interfirm dependency.

Originality/value

Exchange relationships are built on economic and social components, both of which can be combined within the construct of pie-sharing fairness. Firms must take an interest in their exchange partner’s equitable share of the mutually generated partnership pie, as pie-sharing fairness can be used to promote determinants of effectiveness and efficiency of their mutual NPD project. In a two-sided mutually contingent exchange behavior, the firm’s own welfare must be regarded as an interorganizational overlap with the partner’s, which can be optimized only by mutual efforts.
Antecedent factors of maternal identity among primiparous Thai teenage mothers
Authors: Panthumas Suphawadee , Kittipichai Wirin , Chamroonsawasdi Kanittha , Taechaboonsermsak Pimsurang
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Maternal identity (MI) is the attainment of maternal role adaptation. Though the role of the motherhood is expected to be achieved, teenagers, who are still developing their personal identity, do not always clearly identify or align with their role of motherhood. The purpose of this paper is to determine the structural relationship among a set of variables, infant temperament (IT), strain (ST), social support (SS), self-esteem (SE) and balanced family functioning (BF) influencing MI and to test the model using the empirical data.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 353 primiparous Thai teenagers of infants aged 4–12 months. A self-administered questionnaire comprised six scales with Cronbach’s α coefficients ranging from 0.81 to 0.93. The structural equation modeling method was employed to test the validity of the model undertaken using Mplus Software.

Findings

The model fit the empirical data well (χ2/df=2.17, CFI=0.92, TLI=0.91, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05). The MI could explain 62 percent of the variance through its set of variables. Three antecedents, i.e. IT, ST and SS, had a direct effect while SE and BF had an indirect effect on MI. The IT had the highest total effect on the MI, while ST was a mediator among other study antecedences concerning the MI.

Originality/value

The model adequately fit the data among teenage mothers one-year postpartum. Promoting MI should strongly diminish strain and encourage positively perceived infant temperament, self-esteem, social support and balanced family functioning.
Intergenerational fitness effects of the early life environment in a wild rodent
Authors: Van Cann Joannes , Koskela Esa , Mappes Tapio , Sims Angela , Watts Phillip C.
Published: June 2019

The early life environment can have profound, long‐lasting effects on an individual's fitness. For example, early life quality might (a) positively associate with fitness (a silver spoon effect), (b) stimulate a predictive adaptive response (by adjusting the phenotype to the quality of the environment to maximize fitness) or (c) be obscured by subsequent plasticity. Potentially, the effects of the early life environment can persist beyond one generation, though the intergenerational plasticity on fitness traits of a subsequent generation is unclear.

To study both intra‐ and intergenerational effects of the early life environment, we exposed a first generation of bank voles to two early life stimuli (variation in food and social environment) in a controlled environment. To assess possible intra‐generational effects, the reproductive success of female individuals was investigated by placing them in large outdoor enclosures in two different, ecologically relevant environments (population densities).

Resulting offspring were raised in the same population densities where they were conceived and their growth was recorded. When adult, half of the offspring were transferred to opposite population densities to evaluate their winter survival, a crucial fitness trait for bank voles.

Our setup allowed us to assess: (a) do early life population density cues elicit an intra‐generational adaptive response, that is a higher reproductive success when the density matches the early life cues and (b) can early life stimuli of one generation elicit an intergenerational adaptive response in their offspring, that is a higher growth and winter survival when the density matches the early life cues of their mother.

Our results show that the early life environment directly affects the phenotype and reproductive success of the focal generation, but adaptive responses are only evident in the offspring. Growth of the offspring is maintained only when the environment matches their mother's early life environment. Furthermore, winter survival of offspring also tended to be higher in high population densities if their mothers experienced an competitive early life. These results show that the early life environment can contribute to maintain high fitness in challenging environments, but not necessarily in the generation experiencing the early life cues.
Productivity and Policy in Higher Education
Authors: Moore Kenneth , Croucher Gwilym , Coates Hamish
Published: June 2019

Understanding and improving the performance of public higher education institutions is a matter of growing interest to university and government leaders. To this end, this article surveys dimensions of recent approaches to productivity measurement in higher education, illustrating trends, limitations and developments, and exemplifies these with reference to Australian universities. The article closes by discussing policy considerations that would help augment the design of policy, making comment on the implications for performance‐incentivised funding of higher education.
Introduction: Australian Higher Education as an Industry
Authors: Williams Ross
Published: June 2019

This article provides an introduction to the contributed articles in the Forum through an overview of the structure of higher education in Australia.
Deaths Related to Tractor Accidents in Eskişehir, Turkey: A 25‐Year Analysis
Authors: Karbeyaz Kenan , Şimşek Ümit , Yilmaz Ali
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to analyze deaths related to tractor accidents in Eskişehir Province and characteristics of these cases to provide data and suggestions along with the literature. The cases involved individuals died due to tractor‐related accidents were retrospectively examined between 1992 and 2016 (25‐year period). Demographic data related to the cases and crime scenes, characteristics of events, and autopsy findings were evaluated. In the 25‐year period, 61 individuals (88.5% males, average age: 48.7 years) died due to tractor accidents in Eskişehir Province, and approximately 45.9% of these accidents most commonly involved tractor rollover. Deaths due to tractor accidents will be decreased by raising awareness among tractor drivers, preventing young individuals from driving tractors, not allowing individuals to drive without license, making mechanical and physical features of tractors suitable for agricultural activity to be performed, ensuring their safety for travel and use, and avoiding carrying passengers on tractors.
Psychiatric‐related Revisits to the Emergency Department Following Rapid Expansion of Community Mental Health Services
Authors: Singh Parvati , Chakravarthy Bharath , Yoon Jangho , Snowden Lonnie , Bruckner Tim A.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

Repeat visits (revisits) to emergency departments (EDs) for psychiatric care reflect poor continuity of care and impose a high financial cost. We test whether rapid expansion of community health centers (CHCs)—which provide regional, low‐cost primary care—correspond with fewer repeat psychiatric‐related ED visits (PREDVs).

Methods

We obtained repeated cross‐sectional time‐series data for 7.8 million PREDVs from the State Emergency Department Database for four populous U.S. states (California, Florida, North Carolina, and New York) from 2006 to 2011. We specified as the outcome variable the count of repeat visits per ED visitor with a psychiatric diagnosis. We retrieved aggregate‐level mental health visits at CHCs from the Uniform Data System. Negative binomial regression methods controlled for individual‐level confounders, county health system and sociodemographic attributes, year fixed effects, and county fixed effects.

Results

The risk of a repeat PREDV decreased with a county‐level increase in mental health patients seen at CHCs (incidence rate ratio = 0.986, 95% confidence interval = 0.98 to 0.99). Conversion of this rate ratio to the number of revisits averted indicated 34,000 fewer repeat PREDVs in these four states statistically associated with a 1% expansion in CHC mental health visits. Exploratory analyses found that revisits decline for relatively mild/moderate illnesses (e.g., mood, anxiety disorders) but not for severe illnesses (e.g., schizophrenia/psychoses).

Conclusion

An increase in mental health services at CHCs corresponds with a modest decline in repeat PREDVs. This decline concentrates among those with less severe mental illnesses.
The worst drought in 50 years in a South African savannah: Limited impact on vegetation
Authors: Abbas Huyam A. , Bond William J. , Midgley Jeremy J.
Published: June 2019

South Africa experienced a severe multiyear drought from 2014 to 2016. Here, we explore the response of a South African savannah ecosystem to this drought focusing on tree and grass dynamics. We used open long‐term monitoring plots established in 2000 and distributed across broad rainfall gradients in the Hluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park in KwaZulu‐Natal. Analysis showed negligible tree mortality due to drought in 2016 (0.03%) and 2017 (0.49%). However, there was an apparent increase in the tree population especially among the small size classes (0.1–0.3 m) in 2016 and 2017 relative to the predrought 2012 census. Drought effects may be confounded with changes in browser populations. The impala population declined in a mesic savannah (Hluhluwe), as measured with dung counts; however, this decline started before the drought. Impala decline in a semi‐arid savannah (iMfolozi) was more coincident with drought. Grass biomass and cover decreased in 2016 compared to predrought 2012 but showed rapid recovery once rains began. In iMfolozi grass species, composition improved from a grazing perspective as a result of the recovery of the decreaser species, an increase in palatable species and a marked decline of unpalatable species. The minor changes in woody plants and grasses from before the drought until rain resumed and the rapid recovery of grasses suggest that this South African savannah ecosystem was resilient to severe drought.
Self‐affirmation reduces the socioeconomic attainment gap in schools in England
Authors: Hadden Ian Robert , Easterbrook Matthew John , Nieuwenhuis Marlon , Fox Kerry Jane , Dolan Paul
Published: June 2019

Background

Studies in the United States show that school students from some ethnic backgrounds are susceptible to stereotype threat, that this undermines their academic performance, and that a series of virtually zero‐cost self‐affirmation writing exercises can reduce these adverse effects. In England, however, socioeconomic status (SES) is a much stronger predictor of academic success than is ethnic background.

Aims

This study investigates whether self‐affirmation writing exercises can help close the SES attainment gap in England by increasing the academic performance of low‐SES (but not higher‐SES) school students.

Sample

Our sample consisted of students aged 11–14 in a secondary school in southern England (N = 562); of these, 128 were eligible for free school meals, a proxy for low SES.

Methods

Students completed three short writing exercises throughout one academic year: those randomly assigned to an affirmed condition wrote about values that were important to them, and those assigned to a control condition wrote about a neutral topic.

Results

On average, the low‐SES students had lower academic performance and reported experiencing more stereotype threat than their higher‐SES peers. The self‐affirmation raised the academic performance of the low‐SES students by 0.38 standard deviations but did not significantly affect the performance of the higher‐SES students, thus reducing the SES performance gap by 62%. The self‐affirmation also reduced the level of stress reported by the low‐SES students.

Conclusions

The benefits of this virtually zero‐cost intervention compare favourably with those of other interventions targeting the SES academic attainment gap.
Modeling the economic benefit of targeted mild hypothermia in deceased donor kidney transplantation
Authors: Axelrod David A. , Malinoski Darren , Patel Madhukar S. , Broglio Kristine , Lewis Roger , Groat Tahnee , Lentine Krista L. , Schnitzler Mark , Niemann Claus U.
Published: June 2019

Delayed graft function (DGF) in kidney transplant significantly increases inpatient and outpatient cost. Targeted, mild hypothermia in organ donors after neurologic determination of death significantly reduced the rate of DGF in a recent randomized controlled clinical trial. To assess the potential economic benefit of national implementation of donor hypothermia, rates of reduction DGF were combined with estimates of the impact of DGF on hospital cost and total health expenditure for standard and extended criteria donor organs (SCD and ECD). DGF increases the cost of the transplant episode by $9487 for ECD transplant and $10 342 for SCD transplant. Medicare recipients with DGF incur an additional $18 513 spending for ECD and $14 948 in SCD transplants over the first year. An absolute reduction in DGF rate after kidney transplantation consistent with trial results (ECD 25%, SCD 7%) has the potential to lower annual hospital cost for kidney transplant by $13 178 746 and annual Medicare spending by $20 970 706 compared to standard donor management practice using static cold storage. Targeted mild hypothermia improves care of renal transplant patients by safely reducing DGF rates in both ECD and SCD transplant. Broader application of this safe, effective, and low‐cost intervention could reduce healthcare expenditures for providers and insurers.
After justification: Toward a Dalit public Lutheran theology
Authors: Patta Raj Bharath
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to construct a “Dalit public Lutheran theology” as an “after‐justification” conversation, which drafts an agenda for the future of Lutheran theology in the twenty‐first century. In moving toward that construction, I first briefly explain Dalit theology, public theology, and Lutheran theology and shall discuss the rationale for a Dalit public Lutheran theology. From there I propose that Lutheran theology needs to take a contextual, post‐colonial and subaltern turn. Then I discuss the contours of Dalit public Lutheran theology by discussing one of the pivotal doctrine of Luther, “justification by grace through faith,” by engaging in a Dalit public discourse and propose “hospitality by love” as what comes after justification. Finally, I bring out the relevance of such a theology for our present‐day context. The method I employ in this article is subaltern methodology, which is to “read from below” or “read against the grain.” “After justification” is understood as “beyond” the understanding of doctrine of justification, as a forward‐looking public theological understanding of justification, where it finds fecundity and validity.
Biochemical properties of a Pseudomonas aminotransferase involved in caprolactam metabolism
Authors: Palacio Cyntia M. , Rozeboom Henriëtte J. , Lanfranchi Elisa , Meng Qinglong , Otzen Marleen , Janssen Dick B.
Published: June 2019

The biodegradation of the nylon‐6 precursor caprolactam by a strain of Pseudomonas jessenii proceeds via ATP‐dependent hydrolytic ring opening to 6‐aminohexanoate. This non‐natural ω‐amino acid is converted to 6‐oxohexanoic acid by an aminotransferase (PjAT) belonging to the fold type I pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) enzymes. To understand the structural basis of 6‐aminohexanoatate conversion, we solved different crystal structures and determined the substrate scope with a range of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Comparison with the homologous aminotransferases from Chromobacterium violaceum (CvAT) and Vibrio fluvialis (VfAT) showed that the PjAT enzyme has the lowest KM values (highest affinity) and highest specificity constant (kcat/KM) with the caprolactam degradation intermediates 6‐aminohexanoate and 6‐oxohexanoic acid, in accordance with its proposed in vivo function. Five distinct three‐dimensional structures of PjAT were solved by protein crystallography. The structure of the aldimine intermediate formed from 6‐aminohexanoate and the PLP cofactor revealed the presence of a narrow hydrophobic substrate‐binding tunnel leading to the cofactor and covered by a flexible arginine, which explains the high activity and selectivity of the PjAT with 6‐aminohexanoate. The results suggest that the degradation pathway for caprolactam has recruited an aminotransferase that is well adapted to 6‐aminohexanoate degradation.

Database

The atomic coordinates and structure factors P. jessenii 6‐aminohexanoate aminotransferase have been deposited in the PDB as entries 6G4B (E∙succinate complex), 6G4C (E∙phosphate complex), 6G4D (E∙PLP complex), 6G4E (E∙PLP‐6‐aminohexanoate intermediate), and 6G4F (E∙PMP complex).
Low‐cycle fatigue behavior of a newly developed cast aluminum alloy for automotive applications
Authors: Mohammed S.M.A.K. , Li D.J. , Zeng X.Q. , Chen D.L.
Published: June 2019

The drive for increasing fuel efficiency and decreasing anthropogenic greenhouse effect via lightweighting leads to the development of several new Al alloys. The effect of Mn and Fe addition on the microstructure of Al‐Mg‐Si alloy in as‐cast condition was investigated. The mechanical properties including strain‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue characteristics were evaluated. The microstructure of the as‐cast alloy consisted of globular primary α‐Al phase and characteristic Mg2Si‐containing eutectic structure, along with Al8(Fe,Mn)2Si particles randomly distributed in the matrix. Relative to several commercial alloys including A319 cast alloy, the present alloy exhibited superior tensile properties without trade‐off in elongation and improved fatigue life due to the unique microstructure with fine grains and random textures. The as‐cast alloy possessed yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of about 185 MPa, 304 MPa, and 6.3%, respectively. The stress‐strain hysteresis loops were symmetrical and approximately followed Masing behavior. The fatigue life of the as‐cast alloy was attained to be higher than that of several commercial cast and wrought Al alloys. Cyclic hardening occurred at higher strain amplitudes from 0.3% to 0.8%, while cyclic stabilization sustained at lower strain amplitudes of ≤0.2%. Examination of fractured surfaces revealed that fatigue crack initiated from the specimen surface/near‐surface, and crack propagation occurred mainly in the formation of fatigue striations.
Presumptive tick paralysis in 2 American Miniature horses in the United States
Authors: Trumpp Kelsey M. , Parsley Ashley L. , Lewis Melissa J. , Camp Joseph W. , Taylor Sandra D.
Published: June 2019

Rationale

Tick paralysis has not been reported in horses in North America.

Clinical Findings

Two American Miniature horses were examined for progressive weakness and recumbency. Numerous ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) were found on both horses. Horse 1 was recumbent (grade 5/5 gait deficit) on presentation, whereas Horse 2 was standing but ataxic (grade 4/5 gait deficit) and tetraparetic. Both horses had decreased tongue and tail muscle tone, and had normal spinal reflexes. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology was normal. Equine herpesvirus‐1 testing was negative.

Pertinent Interventions

Ticks were removed within 24 hours of presentation. Both horses were treated topically with permethrin. Supportive care included fluid therapy, treatment for corneal ulceration, and frequent repositioning during recumbency.

Outcome

Within 48 hours of tick removal, both horses were neurologically normal.

Clinical Relevance

Ours is the first reported case of presumptive tick paralysis in horses in North America. Although rare, tick paralysis should be considered in horses presented with acute‐onset weakness progressing to recumbency.
Rethinking Academic Entrepreneurship: University Governance and the Emergence of the Academic Enterprise
Authors: Crow Michael M. , Whitman Kyle , Anderson Derrick M.
Published: June 2019

The theory and practice of academic entrepreneurship, like many domains of public management, requires active recognition that context affects individual behavior. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors contend that the operational logic of a university affects the values and activities of actors within that university in ways that shape the broader entrepreneurial activities of the university. The authors describe a new entrepreneurial organizational logic, termed the “academic enterprise,” and situate it in relation to the more established academy, bureaucratic, and market logics. The academic enterprise is inherently entrepreneurial in terms of the management of the university and its reliance on faculty and student entrepreneurship as a tool for broad‐scale social and economic transformation.
Adventitious Virus Detection in Cells by High-Throughput Sequencing of Newly Synthesized RNAs: Unambiguous Differentiation of Cell Infection from Carryover of Viral Nucleic Acids
Authors: Cheval Justine , Muth Erika , Gonzalez Gaëlle , Coulpier Muriel , Beurdeley Pascale , Cruveiller Stéphane , Eloit Marc
Published: June 2019

The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to identify viral contamination of biological products is extremely sensitive and provides a broad range of detection. Nevertheless, viral sequences identified can also be inert. Examples include contamination resulting from reagents or the presence of inactivated viruses in animal-derived components of the cell culture medium. We therefore developed a method that relies on the sequencing of newly synthesized RNAs, an unequivocal sign of the presence of a transcriptionally active virus. This improvement in the specificity of viral testing increases the acceptability of HTS as a standard test for cells used in manufacturing biologicals and in biotherapies.
Live science in the Valley of the Last Dinosaurs: A public window into the world of paleontology
Authors: Hankla John , Sands Samantha , Sims Megan , Wyman Jeremy
Published: June 2019

LiveSci in the Valley of the Last Dinosaurs (http://lastdinos.livesci.org/) was a website and social media presence that provided the global online community with unprecedented access to the exciting paleontological research happening in the remote badlands of North Dakota and Montana in the summer of 2016. A collaborative team of researchers, students, and citizen scientists from around the world excavated some of the last dinosaurs that ever walked the Earth, mapped the K/Pg boundary in high resolution, and uncovered fossils that show us how life recovered after the extinction of the dinosaurs. To engage the public in the ongoing process of scientific discovery, dedicated project staff and participating researchers posted videos, photos, blog entries, and social media content nearly every day during the seven-week field season.

Researchers and science educators from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Denver Museum of Nature & Science, along with collaborators from Brooklyn College, the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Yale Peabody Museum, the Royal Ontario Museum, and the Marmarth Research Foundation, were joined by young scientists and citizen scientist volunteers of all ages. The production team consisted of high school and college interns, public science outreach professionals, and research scientists. To expand the reach of the project, a bilingual intern maintained a parallel Spanish website.

Hundreds of thousands of online viewers watched, contributed, and shared these authentic experiences with their communities during the live portion of the project, and many more continue to access the archived website and social media content. This project exemplifies how social media and real-time interaction with scientists have the potential to connect the public to science as it unfolds, removing myths and stereotypes about how science happens and who scientists are. Initiatives such as this one help to create citizens who are more connected to the process of science and who can use that understanding in their lives through more informed decision making.
Case finding for dementia during acute hospital admissions: a mixed-methods study exploring the impacts on patient care after discharge and costs for the English National Health Service
Authors: Burn Anne-Marie , Bunn Frances , Fleming Jane , Turner David , Fox Chris , Malyon Alexandra , Brayne Carol
Published: June 2019

Objective

Between 2012 and 2017 dementia case finding was routinely carried out on people aged 75 years and over with unplanned admissions to acute hospitals across England. The assumption was that this would lead to better planning of care and treatment for patients with dementia following discharge from hospital. However, little is known about the experiences of patients and carers or the impacts on other health services. This study explored the impact of dementia case finding on older people and their families and on their use of services.

Design

Thematic content analysis was conducted on qualitative interview data and costs associated with service use were estimated. Measures included the Mini-Mental State Examination, the EuroQol quality of life scale and a modified Client Service Receipt Inventory.

Setting

Four counties in the East of England.

Participants

People aged ≥75 years who had been identified by case finding during an unplanned hospital admission as warranting further investigation of possible dementia and their family carers.

Results

We carried out 28 interviews, including 19 joint patient-carer(s), 5 patient only and 4 family carer interviews. Most patients and carers were unaware that memory assessments had taken place, with many families not being informed or involved in the process. Participants had a variety of views on memory testing in hospital and had concerns about how hospitals carried out assessments and communicated results. Overall, case finding did not lead to general practitioner (GP) follow-up after discharge home or lead to referral for further investigation. Few services were initiated because of dementia case finding in hospital.

Conclusions

This study shows that dementia case finding may not lead to increased GP follow-up or service provision for patients after discharge from hospital. There is a need for a more evidence-based approach to the initiation of mandatory initiatives such as case finding that inevitably consume stretched human and financial resources.
When order sets do not align with clinician workflow: assessing practice patterns in the electronic health record
Authors: Li Ron C , Wang Jason K , Sharp Christopher , Chen Jonathan H
Published: June 2019

Background

Order sets are widely used tools in the electronic health record (EHR) for improving healthcare quality. However, there is limited insight into how well they facilitate clinician workflow. We assessed four indicators based on order set usage patterns in the EHR that reflect potential misalignment between order set design and clinician workflow needs.

Methods

We used data from the EHR on all orders of medication, laboratory, imaging and blood product items at an academic hospital and an itemset mining approach to extract orders that frequently co-occurred with order set use. We identified the following four indicators: infrequent ordering of order set items, rapid retraction of medication orders from order sets, additional a la carte ordering of items not included in order sets and a la carte ordering of items despite being listed in the order set.

Results

There was significant variability in workflow alignment across the 11 762 order set items used in the 77 421 inpatient encounters from 2014 to 2017. The median ordering rate was 4.1% (IQR 0.6%–18%) and median medication retraction rate was 4% (IQR 2%–10%). 143 (5%) medications were significantly less likely while 68 (3%) were significantly more likely to be retracted than if the same medication was ordered a la carte. 214 (39%) order sets were associated with least one additional item frequently ordered a la carte and 243 (45%) order sets contained at least one item that was instead more often ordered a la carte.

Conclusion

Order sets often do not align with what clinicians need at the point of care. Quantitative insights from EHRs may inform how order sets can be optimised to facilitate clinician workflow.
Management of low back pain in Australian emergency departments
Authors: Ferreira Giovanni E , Machado Gustavo C , Abdel Shaheed Christina , Lin Chung-Wei Christine , Needs Chris , Edwards James , Facer Rochelle , Rogan Eileen , Richards Bethan , Maher Christopher G
Published: June 2019

Background

To describe the diagnoses of people who present to the emergency department (ED) with low back pain (LBP), the proportion of people with a lumbar spine condition who arrived by ambulance, received imaging, opioids and were admitted to hospital; and to explore factors associated with these four outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analysed electronic medical records for all adults presenting with LBP at three Australian EDs from January 2016 to June 2018. Outcomes included discharge diagnoses and key aspects of care (ambulance transport, lumbar spine imaging, provision of opioids, admission). We explored factors associated with these care outcomes using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models and reported data as ORs.

Results

There were 14 024 presentations with a ‘visit reason’ for low back pain, of which 6393 (45.6%) had a diagnosis of a lumbar spine condition. Of these, 31.4% arrived by ambulance, 23.6% received lumbar imaging, 69.6% received opioids and 17.6% were admitted to hospital. Older patients (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.04) were more likely to be imaged. Opioids were less used during working hours (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) and in patients with non-serious LBP compared with patients with serious spinal pathology (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.55). Hospital admission was more likely to occur during working hours (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.48 to 2.05) and for those who arrived by ambulance (OR 2.98, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.51).

Conclusion

Many ED presentations of LBP were not due to a lumbar spine condition. Of those that were, we noted relatively high rates of lumbar imaging, opioid use and hospital admission.
Evaluating Brassica napus and Brassica juncea meals with supplemental enzymes for use in brown-egg laying hen diets: production performance and egg quality factors
Authors: Savary Rachel K. , MacIsaac Janice L. , Rathgeber Bruce M. , McLean Nancy L. , Anderson Derek M.
Published: June 2019

Canola and juncea meals (CM and JM) have been thoroughly evaluated in diets of white- but not brown-shell egg laying hens (BSLH). This study compared the effects of dietary CM, JM, or soybean meal (SBM) on production performance and egg quality of BSLH. Over 48 wk, 300 Lohmann Brown-Lite laying hens were fed diets containing SBM, 10% or 20% CM (CM-10 or CM-20), and 10% or 20% JM (JM-10 or JM-20), without (−E) or with (+E) a phytase/multicarbohydrase enzyme cocktail. Egg weight decreased with CM-20 inclusion compared with SBM (P = 0.027; SBM, 63.1a; CM-10, 61.8ab; CM-20, 61.1b; JM-10, 62.6ab; JM-20, 61.7ab; g egg−1). In a meal by enzyme interaction, enzyme inclusion decreased percent shell and egg specific gravity of only the hens fed CM-20 (P ≤ 0.008). Body weight decreased (P = 0.031; −E, 2135a; +E, 2078b; g hen−1) and feed efficiency was improved (P = 0.032; −E, 1.98a; +E, 1.95b; g feed g egg mass−1) when enzyme was included in the diet. Dietary treatment did not affect mortality (P > 0.05). All performance and quality parameters were within expected ranges; therefore, 20% CM and JM can be included in BSLH diets, and enzyme inclusion can be used to improve feed efficiency regardless of meal type fed.
CONFLICTS, CALAMITIES AND NUTRITIONAL POVERTY TRAPS IN A PEASANT ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM RURAL CHINA 1929–1933
Authors: ZHOU LI , SUN JIE , TURVEY CALUM GREIG
Published: June 2019

This paper uses data compiled by John Lossing Buck from his rural China survey conducted between 1929 and 1933 to analyze the impact of weather calamities and conflict on agricultural productivity, farm wages and nutrition intake. Our results support the conditions required for a Nutritional Poverty Trap (NPT) to be present, while anecdotal evidence points to the potential presence of a nutritional poverty trap for large segments of China’s agricultural economy. We find a lagged effect of climate shock on nutrition, but find no evidence that the many conflicts of the day affected nutrition. This is more likely due to the avoidance of conflict zones by surveyors, but may also support the notion that the effects from conflicts were local and short-lived due to the resilience of farmers.
Uncountably many non-commensurable pro-p groups of homological type FPk but not FPk+1
Authors: Kochloukova Dessislava
Published: June 2019

We show that there are uncountably many non-commensurable metabelian pro-[Formula: see text] groups of homological type [Formula: see text] but not of type [Formula: see text], generated by [Formula: see text] element, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In particular there are uncountably many non-commensurable finitely presented metabelian pro-[Formula: see text] groups that are not of type [Formula: see text]. We show furthermore that there are uncountably many non-isomorphic one related 2-generated pro-[Formula: see text] groups.
Relation between exponential behavior and energy denominators — weak coupling limit
Authors: Wolfe Levering , Zamick Larry
Published: June 2019

We show some interesting properties of tridiagonal and pentadiagonal matrices in the weak coupling limits. In the former case of this limit, the ground state wave function amplitudes are identical to the Taylor expansion coefficients of the exponential function e[Formula: see text]. With regards to transition rates, a dip in the pentadiagonal case which is not present in the tridiagonal case is explained. An intimate connection between energy denominators and exponential behavior is demonstrated.
Facile Fabrication of Extremely Small CoNi/C Core/Shell Nanoparticles for Efficient Microwave Absorber
Authors: Wen Xiang , Hou Lizhen , Deng Lianwen , Kuang Daitao , Luo Heng , Wang Shiliang
Published: June 2019

CoNi magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) and hybrid architectures have attracted tremendous attention from numerous applications. In this study, a facile approach based on one-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was developed to fabricate CoNi/C core/shell NPs with an extremely small core size of [Formula: see text]3.7[Formula: see text]nm and an ultrathin shell thickness of 1–3[Formula: see text]nm. Only 10[Formula: see text]wt.% CoNi/C core/shell NP-filled composites with thickness of 1.6[Formula: see text]mm exhibit an optimal reflection loss value of [Formula: see text]25.7[Formula: see text]dB and an absorbing bandwidth value up to 6.2[Formula: see text]GHz. The extremely small core/shell NPs are demonstrated to have enhanced electromagnetic parameters (i.e., complex permittivity and permeability), reflection loss and broadened effective absorption bandwidth, as compared to the relatively larger NPs. The superior microwave absorbing performance should be attributed to the increased specific area with enriched interfacial polarization. The as-synthesized extremely small CoNi/C core/shell NPs are expected to be a fascinating candidate for efficient microwave absorption material with lightweight and thin thickness.
FPGA-based hardware-in-the-loop for multi-domain simulation
Authors: Benhamadouche Abdelouahab D. , Djahli Farid , Ballouti Adel , Sahli Abdeslem
Published: June 2019

In this paper, we present a new approach for complex system design, which allows rapid, efficient and low-cost prototyping. This approach can simplify designing tasks and go faster from system modeling to effective hardware implementation. Designing multi-domain systems requires different engineering competences and several tools, our approach gives a unique design environment, based on the use of VHDL-AMS modeling language and FPGA device within the same design tool. This approach is intended to enhance hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) practices with a more realistic simulation which improve the verification process in the system design flow. This paper describes the implementation of a software/hardware platform as a practical support for our approach, the feasibility and the benefits of this approach are demonstrated through a practical case study for power converter control. The obtained results show that the developed method achieves significant speed-up compared with conventional simulation, with a minimum used resources and minimum latency.