bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alteplase on Ischemic Stroke Mortality Is Dependent on Stroke Severity
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Abbasi Mehdi , Yaghi Shadi , Delic Alen , Bangad Aaron , Johnston Karen , Tirschwell David , Sheth Kevin N.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Although intravenous alteplase (IV‐tPA) has a beneficial effect on functional outcome after ischemic stroke (IS), prior studies of IV‐tPA's impact on post‐stroke mortality did not have sufficient representation of more severe stroke.

Methods

We determined if the interaction between the baseline National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and IV‐tPA modified the risk of mortality after IS in two cohorts: (1) National Inpatient Sample 2016–2020, and (2) a harmonized cohort of IS patients from the NINDS IV‐tPA, ALIAS part 2, SHINE, FAST‐MAG, IMS‐III, POINT, and DEFUSE 3 trials. We fit logistic regression models to the outcome of in‐hospital mortality (National Inpatient Sample [NIS] cohort) or mortality within 90 days (harmonized cohort), adjusted for baseline variables.

Results

We included 198,668 patients in the NIS cohort, of which 14.0% received IV‐tPA and 3.4% died in hospital. We included 7,138 patients in the harmonized cohort, of which 33.2% received IV‐tPA and 9.4% died by 90 days. Mortality in the NIS cohort was associated with older age, female sex, non‐Hispanic white race, atrial fibrillation, and higher NIHSS. In the harmonized cohort, mortality was associated with older age, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and higher NIHSS. In both cohorts, the interaction between NIHSS and IV‐tPA was significant. In the NIS cohort, the separation became significant at NIHSS 15 and in the harmonized cohort at NIHSS 23, at which point, IV‐tPA began to have a significant benefit for both in‐hospital and 90‐day mortality, respectively.

Interpretation

IV‐tPA is associated with a reduction in both in‐hospital and 90‐day mortality for patients with more severe IS. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1106–1116
Breaking the Size Limitation of Directly‐Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Toward Efficient Short‐wavelength Infrared Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Liu Yang , Gao Yiyuan , Yang Qian , Xu Gao , Zhou Xingyu , Shi Guozheng , Lyu Xingyi , Wu Hao , Liu Jun , Fang Shiwen , Ullah Muhammad Irfan , Song Leliang , Lu Kunyuan , Cao Muhan , Zhang Qiao , Li Tao , Xu Jianlong , Wang Suidong , Liu Zeke , Ma Wanli
Published: February 2023

PbS quantum dots (QDs) are promising building blocks for solution‐processed short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR) devices. The recently developed direct synthesis of semi‐conductive PbS QD inks has substantially simplified the preparation processing and reduced the material cost, while facing the challenge to synthesize large‐size QDs with absorption covering the SWIR region. Herein, we for the first time realize a low‐cost, scalable synthesis of SWIR PbS QD inks after an extensive investigation of the reaction kinetics. Finally, based on these PbS SWIR QD inks, the solar cell demonstrates a record‐high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.44 % through an 1100 nm cutoff silicon filter and the photodetector device shows a low dark current density of 2×10−6 A cm−2 at −0.8 V reverse bias with a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 70 % at ≈1300 nm. Our results realize the direct synthesis of low‐cost and scalable SWIR QD inks and may accelerate the industrialization of consumer SWIR technologies.
Direct Oxygen‐Oxygen Cleavage through Optimizing Interatomic Distances in Dual Single‐atom Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Xie Yuhan , Chen Xin , Sun Kaian , Zhang Jinqiang , Lai Wei‐Hong , Liu Hao , Wang Guoxiu
Published: February 2023

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on transition single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is sustainable in energy‐conversion devices. However, the atomically controllable fabrication of single‐atom sites and the sluggish kinetics of ORR have remained challenging. Here, we accelerate the kinetics of acid ORR through a direct O−O cleavage pathway through using a bi‐functional ligand‐assisted strategy to pre‐control the distance of hetero‐metal atoms. Concretely, the as‐synthesized Fe−Zn diatomic pairs on carbon substrates exhibited an outstanding ORR performance with the ultrahigh half‐wave potential of 0.86 V vs. RHE in acid electrolyte. Experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the Fe−Zn diatomic pairs with a specific distance range of around 3 Å, which is the key to their ultrahigh activity, average the interaction between hetero‐diatomic active sites and oxygen molecules. This work offers new insight into atomically controllable SACs synthesis and addresses the limitations of the ORR dissociative mechanism.
Excessive Iodine Enabled Ultrathin Inorganic Perovskite Growth at the Liquid‐Air Interface
Authors: Yuan Jiaxiao , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhou Dawei , Ge Feixiang , Zhong Jingxian , Zhao Sihan , Ou Zhenwei , Zhan Guixiang , Zhang Xu , Li Congzhou , Tang Jin , Bai Qi , Zhang Junran , Zhu Chao , Wang Ti , Ruan Longfei , Zhu Chongqin , Song Xuefen , Huang Wei , Wang Lin
Published: February 2023

The liquid‐air interface offers a platform for the in‐plane growth of free‐standing materials. However, it is rarely used for inorganic perovskites and ultrathin non‐layered perovskites. Herein the liquid‐air interfacial synthesis of inorganic perovskite nanosheets (Cs3Bi2I9, Cs3Sb2I9) is achieved simply by drop‐casting the precursor solution with only the addition of iodine. The products are inaccessible without iodine addition. The thickness and lateral size of these nanosheets can be adjusted through the iodine concentration. The high volatility of the iodine spontaneously drives precursors that normally stay in the liquid to the liquid‐air interface. The iodine also repairs in situ iodine vacancies during perovskite growth, giving enhanced optical and optoelectronic properties. The liquid‐air interfacial growth of ultrathin perovskites provides multi‐degree‐of‐freedom for constructing perovskite‐based heterostructures and devices at atomic scale.
Jute fibre reinforced unsaturated polyesters laminate preparation using eggshell filler
Authors: Datta Deepshikha , Rao Dharmana Tejeswara , K. S. Deepak , Mutsuddi Mahima , Das Bimal
Published: February 2023

The current work aims to evaluate the properties of unsaturated polyester laminates reinforced with discontinuous randomly oriented chopped jute fibre matrix filled with microsized (57.8 μm) eggshell filler. Laminates with two and three layers of jute fibres were prepared by hand lay‐up process. The mechanical properties like tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength were enhanced from 20.16 to 25.8 MPa, 1.42 to 3.98 KJ/m2 and 35.54 to 57.84 MPa, respectively, when the eggshell filler (surface area: 72.64 m2/g, pore volume: 0.297 cc/g) content was increased from 0% to 2.5% in the matrix for the three‐layered laminate. The increase in filler content to 5% enhanced the hardness from 21.95 to 90.35 Rockwell L‐scale (two‐layered laminate); however, there was a declination of the other mechanical properties at a high filler content. The microsized filler has significantly decreased the voids and improvised the homogeneity, microstructure, crystallinity and contact angle (from 70.98 [unfilled] to 74.72 [filled]) of the produced filled laminates, as substantiated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray difffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurements. Thus, the fabricated laminates can be efficiently utilised as an eco‐friendly, high‐strength, low‐cost, light material for fabricating automobile dashboards.
Influence of BaZnCuO3 and BaZnCuO3/rGO on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and 3‐nitro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO)
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Sirach Ruksana
Published: February 2023

BaZnCuO3 (BZC) was synthesized using the sol–gel method. The BZC was incorporated in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to produce BZC/rGO composite. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) analysis. The comparative effect of BZC and BZC/rGO composite was studied on the thermal decomposition of 3‐nitro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) using the simultaneous thermogravimetric technique (TG‐DTA). Thermal investigations suggest that BZC was a better catalyst for decreasing the thermal decomposition temperature and the thermokinetic parameters of both AP and NTO compared to BZC/rGO composite. BZC can reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of AP and NTO by 121 and 46°C, respectively. The findings support BZC as a possible catalyst in the thermolysis of both NTO and AP.
Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes for vanadium redox flow battery enabled by the incorporation of ionic liquid‐covalent organic framework complex
Authors: Meng Xiaoyu , Peng Qiwang , Wen Jihong , Song Kai , Peng Luman , Wu Tianyu , Cong Chuanbo , Ye Haimu , Zhou Qiong
Published: February 2023

In vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is viewed as a promising alternative to Nafion as a material for vanadium liquid flow battery membrane, due to its low cost and high proton conductivity. However, SPEEK membranes have a Trade‐Off effect of proton conduction and ion selectivity, which limits the performance of VRFB. Here, we exploited the Donnan effect of imidazole cations in ionic liquids (ILs) to improve the ion selectivity of SPEEK membrane. In addition, used porous covalent organic framework materials (COF) with sulfonic acid functional groups to immobilize ionic liquids, which reduced the loss of ILs. The ion selectivity of the SPEEK membrane was further improved. As a result, the cell performance of the composite membrane is improved. At a constant current density of 40 mA cm−2, SPEEK/IL‐5@TpPa‐SO3H‐3 membrane exhibits high coulombic efficiencies (CE: 98.43%) and energy efficiencies (EE: 91.7%). Furthermore, the energy efficiency of the SPEEK/IL‐5@TpPa‐SO3H‐3 membrane decreases only 2.1% after 60 charge/discharge cycles at 100 mA cm−2. Our work proposed a cost‐effective, high‐performance membrane for VRFB.
Dry‐jet wet spinnability of poly(1,4‐phenylene‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole) fiber: The influence of polymer intrinsic viscosity and spinning dope temperature
Authors: Xie Qibao , Li Wentao , Li Bo , Sun Zhaomei , Liang Shuheng , Zhou Yulin , Jiang Mengjin
Published: February 2023

The spinnability of poly (p‐phenyl‐oxadiazole) (POD) spinning dope was regulated by tuning intrinsic viscosity and temperature to make it feasible for dry‐jet wet spinning. An increase in intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and a decrease in temperature will give rise to a more significant entanglement density of the POD solution and increase viscosity. Results show that POD spinning dopes' stable extrusion can be formed at the conditions when the spinning dope's viscoelastic transition frequency (VETF) is around 10 Hz. The solution was selected to prepare POD fiber when [η] = 2.23 at 40 °C, and the tensile strength of the POD fiber was enhanced significantly (from 1.3 to 3.19 cN/dtex). The best mechanical properties were achieved when the draw ratio at the spinneret was 1.6. Our work provides an alternative for the rapid preparation of high‐performance POD fiber, which is of great significance for broadening the application field of POD fibers.
Photoinduced Cerium‐Mediated Decarboxylative Alkylation Cascade Cyclization of N‐arylacrylamides and N‐acryl‐2‐aryl benzimidazoles
Authors: Dagar Neha , Singh Swati , Roy Sudipta Raha
Published: February 2023

A mild and versatile cerium‐mediated decarboxylative strategy for sequential alkylation/cyclization was developed for the synthesis of quaternary oxindoles and benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐6(5H)‐ones via photoinduced‐LMCT. This operationally simple procedure relies on inexpensive and feedstock carboxylic acids as alkyl radical surrogates and aerial molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. This mild and atom economical protocol showed viability with a wide range of alkyl carboxylic acids (1° to 3° acids) as coupling partners and also allows the late‐stage modification of pharmaceutically‐important acids. Mechanistic studies revealed the reaction to follow radical pathway, while the decarboxylative event was studied by in situ FTIR.
Asserting your mind: Interruptions extremize consumer choices
Authors: Pang Yuting , Wang Lili , You Yanfen , Ding Ying
Published: February 2023

Interruptions prevail in the retail environment, especially during consumer decision‐making. However, scant research has examined whether and how interruptions that suspend decisions affect consumer choices. We posit that interruptions heighten the consumers' preference certainty, which leads to a choice extremity effect—consumers choose their preferred products even more and their unpreferred products even less. Six experiments provide convergent evidence for the choice extremity effect and the underlying process. Study 1a shows that interruptions lead to choice extremity with a vice product (i.e., chips). Study 1b confirms the effect in the context of incentive‐compatible choices. Study 2 replicates the choice extremity effect with a virtue product (i.e., yogurts). Study 3 further tests the robustness of the effect with a decision‐related interruption. Study 4 shows that preference certainty mediates the effect of interruptions on choice extremity and rules out the level of arousal and task involvement as alternative accounts. Using a moderation approach, Study 5 shows that the choice extremity effect disappears when consumers have high self‐concept clarity. The present study contributes to research on interruptions, preference certainty, and consumer choices and provides implications for marketers.
Self‐Supported Ru‐Incorporated NiSe2 for Ampere‐Level Current Density Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhang Huaiyu , Lu Xue , Wang Liang , Zou Yan , Miao Juhong , Qiao Man , Tang Yujia , Zhu Dongdong
Published: February 2023

To meet the requirements for industrial water splitting to generate hydrogen, it is urgent, but still quite challenging to develop highly active and stable electrocatalysts for large‐current‐density hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, Ru‐incorporated NiSe2 (Ru‐NiSe2) was designed and synthesized. The introduction of Ru results in the formation of hierarchically structured Ru‐NiSe2 with large electrochemical active surface area, and well‐modified electronic structure. As expected, the as‐fabricated Ru‐NiSe2 displays impressive HER activity in 1.0 M KOH, with a low overpotential of 180.8 mV to reach the current density of 1000 mA cm−2. Ru‐NiSe2 also presents outstanding long‐term stability at high current densities, owing to its high intrinsic chemical stability, and strong catalyst‐support interface. Notably, when performed at a certain current density of 1000 mA cm−2, the overpotential increase after 90 h is only 13 mV. Such excellent HER performance of Ru‐NiSe2 demonstrates its great potential for practical use in industrial water splitting.
Substituent Effects in Bioorthogonal Diels–Alder Reactions of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines
Authors: Houszka Nicole , Mikula Hannes , Svatunek Dennis
Published: February 2023

1,2,4,5‐Tetrazines are increasingly used as reactants in bioorthogonal chemistry due to their high reactivity in Diels–Alder reactions with various dienophiles. Substituents in the 3‐ and 6‐positions of the tetrazine scaffold are known to have a significant impact on the rate of cycloadditions; this is commonly explained on the basis of frontier molecular orbital theory. In contrast, we show that reactivity differences between commonly used classes of tetrazines are not controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions. In particular, we demonstrate that mono‐substituted tetrazines show high reactivity due to decreased Pauli repulsion, which leads to a more asynchronous approach associated with reduced distortion energy. This follows the recent Vermeeren–Hamlin–Bickelhaupt model of reactivity increase in asymmetric Diels–Alder reactions. In addition, we reveal that ethylene is not a good model compound for other alkenes in Diels–Alder reactions.
Comprehensive Mechanism for CO Electroreduction on Dual‐Atom‐Catalyst‐Anchored N‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Liu Di , Zhao Jia , Kong Youchao , Ai Haoqiang , Bai Haoyun , Leong Chon Chio , Lo Kin Ho , Wang Shuangpeng , Ip Weng Fai , Lin Sen , Pan Hui
Published: February 2023

Carbon neutrality has drawn increasing attention for realizing the carbon cyclization and reducing the greenhouse effect. Although the C1 products, such as CO, can be achieved with a high Faraday efficiency, the targeted production of C2 fuels as well as the mechanism have not been systematically investigated. In this work, we carry out a first‐principles study to screen dual‐atom catalysts (DACs) for producing C2 fuels through the electrocatalytic carbon monoxide reduction reaction (e‐CORR). We find that methanol, ethanol and ethylene can be produced on both DAC−Co and DAC−Cu, while acetate can be achieved on DAC−Cu only. Importantly, methanol and ethylene are preferred on DAC−Co, while acetate and ethylene on DAC−Cu. Furthermore, we show that the explicit solvent can enhance the adsorption and influence the protonation steps, which subsequently affects the protonation and dimerization behavior as well as the performance and selectivity of e‐CORR on DACs. We further demonstrate that the C−C coupling is easy to be formed and stabilized if the Integrated Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (ICOHP) is low because of the low energy barrier. Our findings provide not only guidance on the design of novel catalysts for e‐CORR, but an insightful understanding on the reduction mechanism.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Thiocyanative Cyclization of Biaryl Ynones to Thiocyanated Spiro[5.5]trienones: An External‐Oxidant‐ and Transition‐Metal‐Free Approach
Authors: Samanta Shantanu , Sarkar Debayan
Published: February 2023

A photoredox‐catalyzed, efficient protocol for the direct insertion of a ‐SCN group onto spiro[5.5]trienoneviaa dearomative cascade cyclization of biaryl ynone with inexpensive NH4SCN has been developed, employing 4CzIPN as a potent photocatalyst under blue‐light irradiation without external oxidant. This scalable 6‐exo‐trig cyclization led to the cascade formation of C−C and C−S bonds and incorporate diverse thiocyanated spiro compounds with excellent yield (up to 92 %). Additionally, mechanistic investigations with fluorescence quenching, cyclic voltammetry, and radical scavenging are presented. Gram‐scale synthesis and further functionalization of thiocyanated compounds highlight the potential utility of this methodology.
Influence of Vacancies in Manganese Hexacyanoferrate Cathode for Organic Na‐Ion Batteries: A Structural Perspective
Authors: Li Min , Gaboardi Mattia , Mullaliu Angelo , Maisuradze Mariam , Xue Xilai , Aquilanti Giuliana , Rikkert Plaisier Jasper , Passerini Stefano , Giorgetti Marco
Published: February 2023

Manganese hexacyanoferrates (MnHCF) are promising positive electrode materials for non‐aqueous batteries, including Na‐ion batteries, due to their large specific capacity (>130 mAh g−1), high discharge potential and sustainability. Typically, the electrochemical reaction of MnHCF associates with phase and structural changes, due to the Jahn‐Teller (JT) distortion of Mn sites upon the charge process. To understand the effect of the MnHCF structure on its electrochemical performance, two MnHCF materials with different vacancies content are investigated herein. The electrochemical results show that the sample with lower vacancy content (4 %) exhibits relatively higher capacity retention of 99.1 % and 92.6 % at 2nd and 10th cycles, respectively, with respect to 97.4 % and 79.3 % in sample with higher vacancy content (11 %). Ex‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterization results show that a weaker cooperative JT‐distortion effect and relatively smaller crystal structure modification occurred for the material with lower vacancies, which explains the better electrochemical performance in cycled electrodes.
A low‐power charge‐based integrate‐and‐fire circuit for binarized‐spiking neural network
Authors: Duong Quang‐Manh , Trinh Quang‐Kien , Nguyen Van‐Tinh , Dao Dinh‐Ha , Luong Duy‐Manh , Hoang Van‐Phuc , Lin Longyang , Deepu John
Published: February 2023

This paper presents a charge‐based integrate‐and‐fire (IF) circuit for in‐memory binary spiking neural networks (BSNNs). The proposed IF circuit can mimic both addition and subtraction operations that permit better incorporation with in‐memory XNOR‐based synapses to implement the BSNN processing core. To evaluate the proposed design, we have developed a framework that incorporates the circuit's imperfections effects into the system‐level simulation. The array circuits use 2T‐2J Spin‐Transfer‐Torque Magnetoresistive RAM (STT‐MRAM) based on a 65‐nm commercial CMOS and a fitted magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). The system model has been described in Pytorch to best fit the extracted parameters from circuit levels, including the cover of device nonidealities and process variations. The simulation results show that the proposed design can achieve a performance of 5.10 fJ/synapse and reaches 82.01% classification accuracy for CIFAR‐10 under process variation.
Solid tumours: Building bridges to CAR‐T success
Authors: Maher John
Published: February 2023

Immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐engineered T‐cells has achieved remarkable impact in the treatment of selected blood cancers. However, meaningful clinical efficacy against nonhaematological malignancies has largely proven elusive. In this minireview, the main challenges to successful CAR‐based intervention against solid tumours are considered. Obstacles are considered in four categories, namely target selection, trafficking of CAR‐engineered cells to tumour deposits, the need to overcome the physical, chemical and biological hurdles to immune effector function that operate within the tumour microenvironment and selection of the best host cells for CAR engineering. A range of pre‐clinical technologies that have been developed in an effort to overcome these issues are also surveyed. Although clinical progress comes dropping slow, rapid and continued advances in cellular engineering and manufacture, coupled with the emergence of several complementary interventions bodes well for the future success of CAR T‐cell immunotherapy of solid tumours.
An optimized small‐cell planning procedure for Heterogeneous Network to improve network energy efficiency
Authors: Jayapaul Anu Disney Dhominic , Merline A.
Published: February 2023

Cell planning in conventional networks has gained more attention as it directly affects the network performance and deployment cost. Existing cell planning methodologies are framed either with identical base stations or constructing a network without any infrastructure. But heterogeneous networks (HetNets) allow the service provider to deploy small cells over the region to enhance the network performance and signal coverage probability. Thus, a small‐cell planning procedure is presented in this research work considering the low‐powered base station and deployment cost to enhance the energy efficiency of the HetNet. An adaptive fuzzy expert system is used for cell dimensioning, and a nature‐inspired ant colony optimization model is employed for automatic base station placement. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed small‐cell planning procedure attains better energy efficiency and user satisfaction ratio compared to conventional planning strategies. In the two cases of simulation analysis, the proposed model attains an average of 85% user satisfaction ratio for case 1 and 87% for case 2, which is better than existing strategies like density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN), k‐means, and number‐based spatial clustering (NBSC) algorithms.
Cytological characteristics of histological types of lung cancer by cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid‐based cytology materials
Authors: Tanaka Ryota , Fujiwara Masachika , Sakamoto Norihiko , Kanno Hitomi , Arai Nobuaki , Tachibana Keisei , Kishimoto Koji , Anraku Masaki , Shibahara Junji , Kondo Haruhiko
Published: February 2023

Background

Distinguishing the histological types of lung cancer is essential for determining treatment strategies in clinical practice. In this study, cytomorphological characteristics and proliferative activities were compared among histological types of lung cancer by cytomorphometric and flow cytometric analyses using liquid‐based cytology (LBC) samples.

Methods

Scraped LBC samples from 73 surgically resected specimens were collected between August 2018 and November 2019. Papanicolaou‐stained and paired Ki‐67‐stained slides were used for cytomorphometric analyses. Another sample for each case was analyzed using a flow cytometric system (LC‐1000). The cell proliferation index (CPIx) was calculated to evaluate proliferative activity.

Results

In total, 73 cases, including cases of adenocarcinoma (n = 53), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14), small cell carcinoma (n = 1), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC; n = 3), and pleomorphic carcinoma (n = 2) were evaluated. Small cell carcinoma and large cell NEC were categorized into a single group, NEC. The adenocarcinoma group tended to have a larger nuclear area and longer perimeter than other histological types. The NEC group had a considerably higher Ki‐67 labeling index and significantly higher CPIx than other histological types (p = .030). A significant positive correlation was observed between the Ki‐67 labeling index and CPIx for all cases (r = 0.362, p = .002).

Conclusion

The Ki‐67 labeling index and flow cytometric analyses focus on proliferative activity for the distinction of histological types of lung cancer, thereby guiding clinical decision‐making.
Long‐term supratidal rockpool invertebrate community, Discovery Bay, Jamaica
Authors: Schenk Siobhan , Lavender Thomas Michael , Kolasa Jurek
Published: February 2023

The rockpool cluster offers unique characteristics making it a model system for general questions in ecology: (1) all rockpools share biotic history (any species can reach any rockpool); (2) they form a strong gradient of conditions from benign to harsh; (3) 1‐day sampling across all rockpools ensures census consistency; (4) rockpools respond to changing conditions within a short (days) time frame; (5) they are easy to manipulate (note: the data are from an unmanipulated rockpool subset), and (6) they may act as a single metacommunity that exhibits consistent species distribution patterns on a broader scale (unpublished). Consequently, the rockpools continue generating insights, with the first publications in 1996. The data represent an intensive rockpool metacommunity monitoring project, making them of considerable value to our understanding of tropical coastal metacommunity dynamics and general ecological processes. The dataset covers surveys of invertebrate fauna in 49, primarily supratidal, rockpools on a fossil coral reef over 25 years. All rockpools occur within a 73 × 47 m array of rocks at a distance of less than 2 m from the nearest neighbor. About 200 other rockpools occur on the same area. They are in a sheltered bay (Discovery Bay, Jamaica) between 0 and 5 m from the ocean. Typically, rockpools are 5–30 cm deep and 40 cm across on average, with elevation from a few centimeters to 300 cm above sea level. Rockpools may drain excess water from precipitation or waves into other rockpools, which allows organisms to disperse passively downstream. Of the 49 rockpools in the survey, 35 are subject to occasional drying up, while the others appear permanent. Most collections (1989–2004) were annual censuses of invertebrate populations, exceeding a total of 475,000 invertebrates counted, with only minor record gaps. In all cases, species level taxonomic information consists of detailed photographs. In some cases, notes are included with the taxonomic data where species identification could not be matched to information available in the literature. Samples from 2005 to 2019 still require organism identification. Abiotic parameters were measured the day before biotic sampling took place as the process of biotic sampling can impact abiotic parameters through stirring, oxygenation and filtering (temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, light intensity, salinity, alkalinity, and nutrients). The cumulative richness in the metacommunity consist of 78 freshwater, marine, and brackish water taxa, with a mean richness per rockpool of 5.5 distinct species. Regarding taxonomic makeup, ostracods dominated in both diversity and number, followed by copepods, and insects. There are no copyright restrictions on the data set; please cite this data paper when using these data in publications.
Communication and urban air quality governance in Germany: Discursive framing by selected national environmental NGOs and the Automotive Industry Association (VDA) and its potential impacts
Authors: Cyrus Philipp
Published: February 2023

It is presented and contrasted through a framing analysis how selected environmental NGOs and the German Automotive Industry Association (VDA) engaged in the national German debate on urban air quality governance during the height of the emission scandal between 2015 and mid‐2019. For this, frames of communication applied to communicate organizational priorities and conceptualizations of air quality governance to the public are discussed and their potential impact on public perception of different approaches to air quality governance assessed. It is shown that the presented frames provide opposing and competing conceptualizations of air quality impacts and related governance propositions, including health, environmental, economic, and regulatory issues. They align with the interests of the communicating actor groups and are supported by selected scientific knowledge. This, it is argued, can be linked to an interest group led capturing of public debate as identified for other politically charged topics, and structurally resembles a public negotiation on urban air quality governance. Such an approach to public discourse, it is argued, can have negative impacts on public engagement and openness to embrace sustainability led governance reforms, as it can reinforce existing attitudes and create opposition to governance change.
Mapping the Polar Lipidome of Macroalgae using LC‐MS‐Based Approaches for Add‐Value Applications
Authors: Lopes Diana , Rey Felisa , Melo Tânia , P. Moreira Ana S. , Marques Francisca , Abreu Maria H. , Domingues Pedro , Domingues Maria Rosário
Published: February 2023

Marine macroalgae are emerging as sustainable and healthy food, and a source of lipids with nutritional and bioactive properties. Nonetheless, the lipidome of macroalgae is little explored compared to other photosynthetic organisms. Most of the literature is devoted to the analysis of fatty acid (FA) from macroalgae, because of they are a source of long‐chain omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated FA, which can be used as an alternative to fish oil. However, FA occurs mostly esterified in other lipids, such as polar lipids, that still overlooked. The data published on the study of polar lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, betaine lipids) pinpoint their remarkable characteristics and bioactive properties which mainly remain unexplored. The lipidome of macroalgae seems to be species‐specific, while some lipid classes appear to be characteristic of phyla. Lipidome plasticity of macroalgae is verified to change under abiotic and biotic factors which may modulate the functionality and add‐value of the biomass. This biochemical plasticity represents an advantage to obtain ingredients for target applications and niche of markets. This review provides an overview on macroalgae lipidome characterization, addressing analysis workflow based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and discussing the bioactive properties and biotechnological applications of macroalga lipids.

Practical Applications: The current state of the art on marine macroalgae lipidomics is reviewed, including the lipid characterization using modern liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, the distribution of polar lipids by macroalgae species and phylum, their bioactive properties, and potential biotechnological applications. In a time of increasing awareness of sustainably produced marine resources, the lipids from macroalgae are still underexplored. This review provides information for smart valorization of macroalgae as source of add‐value lipids contributing to the development of blue bioeconomy.
A spindle cell neoplasm with MYH9::EGFR fusion and co‐expression of S100 and CD34, further expanding the family of kinase fusion positive spindle cell neoplasms
Authors: Caprini Elisabetta , Verkhovskaia Sofia , Casini Beatrice , Testi Adele , Dagrada Gian Paolo , Palese Enzo , Rahimi Siavash
Published: February 2023

Soft tissue neoplasms displaying CD34 and S100 positivity with immunohistochemistry are rare with a wide morphological range and frequent neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) alterations. Recent reports describe fusions in other kinases besides NTRK in these tumors. In the present article, we report a case of a young male suffering from a soft tissue neoplasm in the lumbar region. At microscopic examination, it was a CD34 and S100‐positive soft tissue tumor showing a multilobulated growth pattern composed of cells with pale cytoplasm and abundant normal smooth muscle stroma. The genetic profile showed two alterations affecting EGFR gene represented by a novel MYH9::EGFR fusion transcript and a p.K714N mutation.
Investigating the fouling potential of the metal‐silicate complex on membrane by response surface method (RSM)
Authors: Yang You‐Ren , Chuang Shun‐Hsing
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

To optimize the filtration efficiency of membrane systems for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater, the fouling potential of silica, aluminum‐silicate complex, and copper‐silicate complex was investigated by the response surface method.

RESULTS

The mathematical models for three kinds of fouling were successfully developed based on the SDI0.1μm‐1atm and MFI0.1μm‐1atm to describe the fouling potential. These models indicate that the metal‐silicate complex fouling was severe at a neutral pH. Moreover, the models reveal that the effect of metal ions on fouling potential is significant. Compared with the feed solution conditions of 500 mg SiO2 /L and pH 7.5, when 1 and 5 mg Al3+/L are added, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm values increase by 109% and 156%, respectively. In addition, when 1 and 5 mg Cu2+/L are added, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm values increase by 210% and 313%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The decrease in filtration efficiency was in the order of copper‐silicate complex > aluminum‐silicate complex > silica. Therefore, the fouling potential increased significantly when the influent contained trace metal ions (Al3+ or Cu2+) at a near‐neutral pH, demonstrating the importance of managing pH and metal ions in CMP wastewater for membrane systems. In addition, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm is more suitable than the SDI0.1μm‐1atm for evaluating fouling potential. The SDI0.1μm‐1atm has limited value and a narrow range for fouling potential measurement. In contrast, the MFI0.1μm‐1atm is more sensitive and has a more comprehensive detection range. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Chitosan derived layered porous carbon and its performance on gallium adsorption
Authors: Cui Junshuo , Cong Xiaoshan , Li Xinzhu , Chen Xia , Wang Yuejiao , Gao Jing , Xiong Ying
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Gallium (Ga) is widely used in the preparation of low‐melting alloys and is also mainly used in electronics. However, Ga is a rare‐scattered element that has no independent ore deposits. Fortunately, adsorbents with high specific surface area have shown great potential for the recovery and enrichment of Ga from mineral industry wastes or recycled electronics. Consequently, porous carbons with hierarchical layered structures were prepared as adsorbent for the recovery of Ga. Besides the routine hydrothermal and carbonizing treatments, chitosan (CS) derivatives were further activated by potassium hydroxide, zinc chloride, and ferric trichloride to improve their respective specific surface areas.

RESULTS

Nitrogen adsorption analysis showed that the porous carbon activated by KOH at 800 °C (CS‐800) had the highest specific surface area (2997 m2 g−1). The maximum adsorption capacity for Ga(III) was 129.83 mg g−1, which is better than that of other well‐known carbon based adsorbents. CS‐800 also exhibited good selectivity for Ga(III) among various competitive ions, such as Zn(II), Cu(II), Ge(IV), and Al(III). In addition, the adsorbent showed good reusability; the recovery percentage of Ga(III) remained above 90% after six adsorption‐elution experiments.

CONCLUSION

KOH is an ideal activating agent to increase the surface area of porous carbon and 800 °C is its optimal temperature. This agent can provide sufficient active surface sites for metal ions adsorption. This work provides a strategy for the regulation of CS derived porous carbon and is expected to play a key role in real applications for the recovery of Ga. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Long‐term safety and efficacy of velmanase alfa treatment in children under 6 years of age with alpha‐mannosidosis: A phase 2, open label, multicenter study
Authors: Guffon Nathalie , Konstantopoulou Vassiliki , Hennermann Julia B. , Muschol Nicole , Bruno Irene , Tummolo Albina , Ceravolo Ferdinando , Zardi Giulia , Ballabeni Andrea , Lund Allan
Published: February 2023

Alpha‐mannosidosis (AM) is a rare, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder caused by alpha‐mannosidase deficiency that leads to the accumulation of mannose‐rich oligosaccharides. AM symptoms and severity vary among individuals; consequently, AM is often not diagnosed until late childhood. Velmanase alfa (VA), a recombinant human lysosomal alpha‐mannosidase product, is the first enzyme replacement therapy indicated to treat non‐neurological symptoms of AM in Europe. Previous studies suggested that early VA treatment in children may produce greater clinical benefit over the disease course than starting treatment in adolescents or adults; however, long‐term studies in children are limited, and very few studies include children under 6 years of age. The present phase 2, multicenter, open‐label study evaluated the safety and efficacy of long‐term VA treatment in children under 6 years of age with AM. Five children (three males) received VA weekly for ≥24 months, and all children completed the study. Four children experienced adverse drug reactions (16 events) and two experienced infusion‐related reactions (12 events). Most (99.5%) adverse events were mild or moderate, and none caused study discontinuation. Four children developed antidrug antibodies (three were neutralizing). After VA treatment, all children improved in one or more efficacy assessments of serum oligosaccharide concentrations (decreases), hearing, immunological profile, and quality of life, suggesting a beneficial effect of early treatment. Although the small study size limits conclusions, these results suggest that long‐term VA treatment has an acceptable safety profile, is well tolerated, and may provide potential benefits to patients with AM under 6 years of age.
Local white matter abnormalities in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: Assessed with neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
Authors: Zhang Chengzhe , Yuan Yuan , Sang Tian , Yu Lihua , Yu Yan , Liu Xiaoming , Zhou Wenyang , Zeng Qingrun , Wang Jingqiang , Peng Guoping , Feng Yuanjing
Published: February 2023

Mild cognitive impairment is a nonmotor complication in Parkinson's disease (PD) that have a high risk of developing dementia. White matter is associated with cognitive function in PD and the alterations may occur before the symptoms of the disease. Previous diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies lacked specificity to characterize the concrete contributions of distinct white matter tissue properties. This may lead to inconsistent conclusions about the alteration of white matter microstructure. Here, we used neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) and white matter fiber clustering method to uncover local white matter microstructures in PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI). This study included 23 PD‐MCI and 20 PD with normal cognition (PD‐NC) and 21 healthy controls (HC). To probe specific and fine‐grained differences, metrics of NODDI and DTI in white matter fiber clusters were evaluated using along‐tract analysis. Our results showed that PD‐MCI patients had significantly lower neurite density index (NDI) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) in white matter fiber clusters in the prefrontal region. Correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the diagnostic performance of NODDI‐derived metrics in cingulum bundle (2 clusters) and thalamo‐frontal (2 clusters) were superior to DTI metrics. Our study provides a more specific insight to uncover local white matter abnormalities in PD‐MCI, which benefit understanding the underlying mechanism of cognitive decline in PD and predicting the disease in advance.
Segmental defect healing in the presence or absence of recombinant human BMP2: Novel insights from a rat model
Authors: Panos Joseph A. , Coenen Michael J. , Nagelli Christopher V. , McGlinch Erin B. , Atasoy‐Zeybek Aysegul , Lopez De Padilla Consuelo , De la Vega Rodolfo E. , Evans Christopher H.
Published: February 2023

This study defined and compared the course of native, impaired and growth factor‐stimulated bone regeneration in a rat femoral defect model. A mid‐diaphyseal defect with rigid internal fixation was surgically created in the right femur of male Fischer rats and serially analyzed over 36 weeks. Native bone regeneration was modeled using a sub‐critical, 1 mm size defect, which healed uneventfully. Critical size defects of 5 mm were used to analyze impaired bone regeneration. In a third group, the 5 mm defects were filled with 11 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) impregnated onto an absorbable collagen sponge, modeling its clinical use. Native bone regeneration was characterized by endochondral ossification with progressive remodeling to ultimately resemble intact femora. An endochondral response was also observed under conditions of impaired bone regeneration, but by week 8 medullary capping occurred with fibrofatty consolidation of the tissue within the defect, resembling an atrophic non‐union. rhBMP2 treatment was associated with prolonged inflammatory cytokine expression and rapid intramembranous bone formation occurring with reduced expression of cartilage‐associated collagens. Between weeks 4 and 36, rhBMP2‐treated bones demonstrated decreased trabecular number and increased trabecular separation, which resulted in inferior mechanical properties compared with bones that healed naturally. Clinical Significance: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) is used clinically to promote healing of long bones. Our data suggest that it drives intramembraneous ossification producing an inferior regenerate that deteriorates with time. Clinical outcomes would be improved by technologies favoring endochondral regenerative ossification.
Ceramide concentrations in liver, plasma, and very low‐density lipoproteins of humans with severe obesity
Authors: Lytle Kelli A. , Chung Jin Ook , Bush Nikki C. , Triay Jessica M. , Jensen Michael D.
Published: February 2023

We investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low‐density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty‐five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m2) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The proportionate distribution of measured ceramide species differed between liver, whole plasma and the VLDL fraction. We found significant, positive correlations between the proportion of C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1 ceramide in the liver and whole plasma (γ = 0.491, p = 0.013; γ = 0.573, p = 0.003; γ = 0.479, p = 0.015; γ = 0.716, p = 0.00006; respectively). In contrast, only the proportional contribution of C24:1 ceramide correlated positively between VLDL and liver (γ = 0.425, p = 0.013). The percent hepatic fat correlated positively with the proportion of C18:1, C18:0 and C20:0 hepatic ceramides (γ = 0.415, p = 0.039; γ = 0.426, p = 0.034; γ = 0.612, p = 0.001; respectively), but not with total hepatic ceramide concentration. The proportions of whole plasma ceramide subspecies, especially C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1chain length, are reflective of those of hepatic ceramide subspecies in obese humans; these appear to be markers of hepatic ceramide species composition.
Haplotype‐dependent HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 susceptibility to occult HBV infection in Xi'an Han population
Authors: Wang Tianju , Shen Chunmei , Qi Jun , Chen Liping , Liu Sheng , Li Hengxin
Published: February 2023

Background

Occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) is primarily characterized by the persistence of HBV‐DNA in the liver tissues and/or in the serum without detectable HBsAg. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms have been found to be strongly associated with HBV in different ethnic backgrounds. The association of HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with OBI has not been previously reported in China. The aim of this study was to identify the potential association of HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes that may be involved in OBI genetic susceptibility.

Methods

A case–control study was conducted between 107 OBI subjects and 280 healthy controls from the blood donors in the Shaanxi Province Blood Center. The HLA‐DRB1, DQB1 loci were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction‐sequence based typing (PCR‐SBT). Based on the genotype data of the two loci, haplotype estimation was performed.

Results

HLA‐DRB1*07:01‐DQB1*02:02 (pc = 0.344 × 10−3, OR = 3.489, 95%CI = 2.000–6.088) and HLA‐DRB1*09:01‐DQB1*03:03 (pc = 0.02, OR = 2.370, 95%CI = 1.450–3.873) serve as the possible risk and susceptibility haplotypes for OBI in Xi'an Han after Bonferroni correction.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that HLA II haplotypes were significantly associated with OBI in the Xi'an Han population. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to associate HLA‐DRB1‐DQB1 haplotypes with OBI, which can provide valuable insights into the relationship between the various genetic factors and immune responses in the Xi'an population. The findings can also form the basis for future studies about the role of HLA in OBI.