bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Iron Distribution and Ferromagnetic Areas in PEO Coatings
Authors: Adigamova M.V. , Rudnev Vladimir S. , Sergienko E.S. , Kharitonskii Peter V. , Gareev Kamil G. , Kosterov A.A. , Lukiyanchuk I.V. , Morozova V.P.
Published: September 2018

Oxide coatings formed on aluminum alloy in electrolyte with colloidal particles of iron hydroxides show ferromagnetic properties. Iron distribution have been studied using electron scanning microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. It is found that the iron localized in the areas exposed to spark and microarc electric discharges makes the main contribution to the ferromagnetic properties of coatings.
Facile Synthesis of α- Fe2O3/Carbon Core-Shell Composite for Lithium Storage and Conversion
Authors: Opra Denis P. , Gnedenkov Sergey V. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Kuryavyi Valery G. , Zverev Grigorii A. , Sokolov Alexander A. , Minaev Alexander N. , Sergienko Valentin I.
Published: September 2018

Carbon-coated hematite α-Fe2O3 core-shell structure had been synthesized by a facile method of pulsed high-voltage discharge. The structure, morphology, and phase composition of the material were characterized by SEM, TEM, and XRD methods. When carbon-coated α-Fe2O3 was galvanostatically cycled at 100 mA g–1 in the voltage range of 3.0–0.005 V, it exhibits a reversible capacity of 479 mAh g–1, assuming about three Li+ ions retrieval.
Incorporation of Composite Zirconia-Silica Nanoparticles into PEO-Coatings on Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Imshinetsky Igor M. , Gnedenkov Sergey V. , Sinebryukhov Sergey L. , Mashtalyar Dmitry V. , Samokhin Andrew V. , Tsvetkov Yuri V.
Published: September 2018

The way of protective coatings formation on MA8 magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in the electrolyte containing composite zirconia-silica nanoparticles has been developed. It is shown that the coatings, which contain nanoparticles, have a significant advantage in comparison with the surface layers obtained without their use.
Manganese-Containing Nanostructured Oxide Coatings on Titanium Formed by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Vasilyeva Marina S. , Rudnev Vladimir S.
Published: September 2018

Nanostructured manganese-containing oxide coatings on titanium were formed by method of plasma electrolytic oxidation in tetraborate aqueous electrolyte containing manganese acetate with and without the acetonitrile addition. These oxide layers with high content of manganese and coated by ordered "leaf-like" mesh nanostructures are formed in the electrolyte without acetonitrile addition. The oxide layers are displayed high acitivity towards oxidation CO and photoactivity in the degradation reaction of methylene blue. The addition of acetonitrile into electrolyte results in the change in the morphology of the coating surface, a significant reduction in the manganese content and, as a consequence, practical loss of activity in the oxidation of CO in CO2 and a reduction in the photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue.
Films of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Percolation Networks of Nanographenes
Authors: Ziatdinov Albert M. , Skrylnik Peter G.
Published: September 2018

Percolation networks of electrically connected nanographenes are the promising structures for solving the problem of the transfer of their peculiar quantum properties to the macroscopic level. In this work we report the results of investigations, conducted with using a set of complementary physical methods, on the origin, structural motifs and properties of such networks revealed in thermally reduced graphene oxide films. The presence of zero modes, which may be π-electronic states stabilized at the zigzag edges of network elements, has been established.
Full-Profile Approximation of the X-Ray Diffractogram for Nanographite Powder Including γ-Band by Taking into Account Radial Dependence of Interatomic Distances
Authors: Saenko Nikita S. , Ziatdinov Albert M.
Published: September 2018

This paper outlines the procedure for determining the sizes, structural parameters and percentage content of various particle types in nanographite powders by full-profile approximation of the X-ray diffractogram of sample with using a set of X-ray diffraction profiles for powders of model nanographites. It was shown that taking into account the model nanographites with the radial dependence of interatomic distances within the layer and the dependence of interlayer distances on average number of atoms in the layer allows to describe the X-ray diffraction profile of nanographite powder in the wide angular range including so-called γ-band in small angles without assumptions on presence of other structures in it.
Superconductivity of Pb Ultrathin Film on Ge(111) Surface
Authors: Toyama Haruko , Huang Hong Rui , Nakamura Tomonori , Bondarenko Leonid V. , Tupchaya Alexandra Y. , Gruznev Dimitry V. , Takayama Akari , Zotov Andrey V. , Saranin Aleksandr A. , Hasegawa Shuji
Published: September 2018

We have performed structure analysis and electrical conductivity measurements of Pb ultrathin films of different thicknesses grown on Ge (111) at low temperature by using electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, andin-situfour-point probe method in ultrahigh vacuum. Three samples with different deposition amounts of Pb corresponding to 1, 3 and 10 monolayer (ML) were revealed to have different structures. The 1 ML-Pb sample, having a wetting layer and tiny clusters on it, did not show superconductivity. The 10-ML-Pb sample, consisted of continuous Pb (111) thin film structure, showed thin-film superconductivity around 6 K. The 3-ML-Pb sample, consisted of the wetting layer with unconnected Pb (111) islands on it, also showed superconductivity around 4 K. This superconductivity is thought to be induced in the wetting layer by proximity effect from superconducting Pb (111) islands. Thus, it is important to study the detailed growth structures for understanding atomic-layer superconductivity.
On Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Hussein Seenaa I.
Published: September 2018

In this research, we have prepared epoxy/graphene nanocomposites (graphene content: 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%) to investigate some mechanical (impact strength, hardness, and Brazilian tests) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity and thermogravimetric analysis). Our results show that the impact strength, hardness, and compression strength values increased to 5.04 kJ/m2, 79.8, and 27.85 MPa, respectively, as increasing graphene content up to 5 wt% and then decreased for further increasing of the graphene content. The observed reduction in the hardness could be attributed to the samples brittleness. On the other hand, the thermal conductivity increased with increasing the graphene content because of the high thermal conductivity of graphene and thus the efficiency increase with increasing of graphene content. In addition, the thermal stability of epoxy/graphene composite increase compared with pure epoxy resin, while the activation energy for samples consists of 9 wt% graphene greater than those containing 1 wt% graphene.
Bevindings op die gebied spraak- stem en gehoorgebreke by skoolgaande kinders
Authors: Uys I. C. , Prade B.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Speech and the laryngectomized
Authors: Doehler Mary A.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
The brain-damaged child and learning problems
Authors: Harrison Enid M.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
'n Geval van kinderafasie
Authors: Swiegers E. , Uys I. C.
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Some comments on dysphonia
Authors: Perelló Jorge
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Studies on child grammar
Authors: Bloom Jeanette
Published: September 2018

No abstract available.
Use of statistical multivariate analysis to identify sources emitting particulate matter in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Authors: Moura Igor Felipe Silva , Barreto Alberto Avellar , Cesar Raisa Helena Sant’Ana , Cruz Ananda Borjaille , Menezes Maria Ângela De Barros Correia
Published: September 2018

Particulate matter is the mixture of solid and liquid particles. It may at times cause adverse effects to human health, in the climate, ecosystem and materials. The objective of this study was to identify the sources emitting particulate matter that contributes to environmental pollution at two sites in Belo Horizonte city. The metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte is characterized by numerous mining activities and other industries, high population and, consequently, a high number of vehicles. There are therefore several sources emitting pollutants into the atmosphere. Airborne particulate matter was collected in air filters during approximately one year using a high-volume sampler in strategic points. The concentration of particulate matter results showed that, in general, the values were 40% higher than the values recommended by legislation. During the summer rainy season, no sample exceeded the recommended limits at both sampling sites. The elemental composition was determined through neutron activation analysis and these values were considered variables in the multivariate statistical analysis for the identification of the main sources of particle emission and their contributions. The results confirmed a significant influence of the soil and motor vehicles in the degradation of the region’s air quality.
Eerste-persoons autoriteit, zelfregulatie en het probleem van confabulatie
Authors: de Bruin Leon , Strijbos Derek
Published: September 2018

First-person authority, self-regulation and the problem of confabulation

In this paper we discuss the implications of confabulation studies for the everyday concept of first-person authority. We argue that the results of these studies are less problematic than they are often taken to be if we understand first-person authority in terms of a capacity for self-regulation. We discuss an example of clinical confabuluation to illustrate when confabulation does become a threat to first-person authority.
Fifty shades of white
Authors: Safuta Anna
Published: September 2018

This research article reflects on social inequalities in Europe in a transnational perspective, focusing on racial hierarchies between Westerners and ‘peripherally white’ migrants from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Peripheral whiteness is a concept introduced to account for the simultaneous privilege and subordination experienced by white migrants from non-Western countries. Peripheral whiteness is here examined on the example of migrant domestic workers from Ukraine employed in Poland and their Polish counterparts active in private households in Belgium. The contribution shows that, compared to their non-white counterparts, peripherally white domestic workers from CEE benefit from being racialised as white. This privilege is, however, inextricable from the subalternity of their status. The fact that the majority of domestic workers in Brussels are Polish and an increasing number of domestic workers in Warsaw come from Ukraine can be partially explained by the worker-employer hierarchy implicitly established by the  (semi-)peripheral status of their countries of origin.
Silicon cycle in the tropical South Pacific: contribution to the global Si cycle and evidence for an active pico-sized siliceous plankton
Authors: Leblanc Karine , Cornet Véronique , Rimmelin-Maury Peggy , Grosso Olivier , Hélias-Nunige Sandra , Brunet Camille , Claustre Hervé , Ras Joséphine , Leblond Nathalie , Quéguiner Bernard
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This article presents data regarding the Si biogeochemical cycle during two
oceanographic cruises conducted in the tropical South Pacific (BIOSOPE and
OUTPACE cruises) in 2005 and 2015. It involves the first Si stock
measurements in this understudied region, encompassing various oceanic
systems from New Caledonia to the Chilean upwelling between 8 and 34∘ S.
Some of the lowest levels of biogenic silica standing stocks ever measured
were found in this area, notably in the southern Pacific gyre, where
Chlorophyll a concentrations are the most depleted worldwide. Integrated biogenic
silica stocks are as low as 1.08±0.95 mmol m−2 and are the lowest
stocks measured in the South Pacific. Size-fractionated biogenic silica
concentrations revealed a non-negligible contribution of the pico-sized
fraction (<2–3 µm) to biogenic silica standing stocks, representing 26%±12% of total biogenic silica during the OUTPACE cruise and 11%±9% during
the BIOSOPE cruise. These results indicate significant accumulation in this
size class, which was undocumented for 2005, but has since then been
related to Si uptake by Synechococcus cells. Si uptake measurements
carried out during BIOSOPE confirmed biological Si uptake by this
size fraction. We further present diatoms community structure associated with
the stock measurements for a global overview of the Si cycle in the tropical South Pacific.
Microbial decomposition processes and vulnerable arctic soil organic carbon in the 21st century
Authors: Zha Junrong , Zhuang Qianlai
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Various levels of representations of biogeochemical processes in current
biogeochemistry models contribute to a large uncertainty in carbon budget
quantification. Here, we present an uncertainty analysis with a process-based
biogeochemistry model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM), into which detailed microbial mechanisms were incorporated. Ensemble regional simulations with
the new model (MIC-TEM) estimated that the carbon budget of the arctic
ecosystems is 76.0±114.8 Pg C during the 20th century, i.e., -3.1±61.7 Pg C under the RCP 2.6 scenario and 94.7±46 Pg C under the RCP
8.5 scenario during the 21st century. Positive values indicate the regional
carbon sink while negative values are a source to the atmosphere. Compared to
the estimates using a simpler soil decomposition algorithm in TEM, the new
model estimated that the arctic terrestrial ecosystems stored 12 Pg less
carbon over the 20th century, i.e., 19 and 30 Pg C less under the RCP 8.5
and RCP 2.6 scenarios, respectively, during the 21st century. When soil
carbon within depths of 30, 100, and 300 cm was considered as initial carbon
in the 21st century simulations, the region was estimated to accumulate 65.4,
88.6, and 109.8 Pg C, respectively, under the RCP 8.5 scenario. In
contrast, under the RCP 2.6 scenario, the region lost 0.7, 2.2, and 3 Pg C,
respectively, to the atmosphere. We conclude that the future regional carbon
budget evaluation largely depends on whether or not adequate microbial
activities are represented in earth system models and on the sizes of soil
carbon considered in model simulations.
A NOVEL MODEL AND TOOL FOR ENERGY RENOVATION PLANNING IN FRENCH RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND DISTRICTS
Authors: Amokrane-Ferka K. , Ben Hamida A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Energy renovation of existing buildings is important for energy consumption reduction. In fact, it attracted the interest of governments in several countries for its effectiveness (e.g., 38 % consumption reduction by 2020 predicted in France). To achieve such rates, major incentivizing measures were taken by governments to facilitate the funding of energy-oriented renovation projects for final users (e.g., households, communities). Despite all these efforts, a lot of obstacles are yet to be overcome like the lack of interest and involvement of the population, the lack of understanding of the economic equation for renovation, unawareness of governmental aids and support. In fact, most of the population does not fully understand the long-term investment benefits of renovation and look at short term-centered benefits. By taking this into account, the aim of our study is to design, develop and implement a simulation model and decisionmaking tool to assist final users. The first objective of this tool is to shed the light on the advantages and the benefits of renovation to achieve a maximum awareness. To this end, we studied and highlighted three types of incentives: economical, ecological and comfort. The second objective is related to the technical aspects of the project, where users simulate one or several renovations with different characteristics such as insulation materials, space heater, glazing type. Based on the selected parameters, users will be provided with the cost of renovation works, and achievable yearly savings (energy, money, CO2, etc.). Consequently, the user can make the right decision that suits his needs.
LINKING 3D BUILDING MODELS, MAPS AND ENERGY-RELATED DATA IN A WEB-BASED VISUALIZATION SYSTEM
Authors: Sihombing R. , Coors V.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In a transformation process to become a climate-neutral city campus, universities have to deal with the sustainable concept. Since “human factor” plays a significant role in the transformation process, providing easy access to environmental data to influence building occupants’ behavior is essential. By utilizing energy-related data without spatial attribute and existing building geospatial data, data visualization in a web browser can be established for both 2D and 3D platforms. Our implementation presents a visualization of indoor sensor measurement data, where the same geospatial data can be used for both 2D and 3D visualizations even though the 3D platform needs an adjustment. Our approach results in a monitoring tool prototype based on visualization of indoor sensors measurement data, which can be accessed easily in a web browser by all building occupants.
INTERACTIVE SPATIAL WEB-APPLICATIONS AS NEW MEANS OF SUPPORT FOR URBAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
Authors: Gebetsroither-Geringer E. , Stollnberger R. , Peters-Anders J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Citizen participation, co-creation – a joint development of professionals and citizens – initiatives for urban planning processes have increased significantly during the last few years. This development has been strongly supported by the evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). E.g., it has never been easier to get information through your mobile devices wherever and whenever you want it. Public open spatial data is available in many cities around the world and web-based applications use this data to provide tools and services for many different topics such as traffic information, or the communication of health-related information (e.g. ozone, particulate matter or pollen loads). This paper presents typical problems of such web-applications in terms of application design and implementation and usability evaluation via describing three case study applications which have been developed recently. It tries to answer the question: How can this kind of geo-services be developed and used by scientists to enable public participation within data gathering and urban planning processes? All three applications have the common goal to provide interactive geo-visualization and analysis features which are tailored to support users in their urban planning processes. The innovation of those applications lies in their flexibility regarding the topics they can tackle and their capability to perform interactive analyses triggered by the user. The applications have been built with a strong focus on exploring the available data (e.g. Open Government Data – OGD). Two of the applications have been implemented using the R-Shiny framework, the third application, the smarticipate platform, has been developed using ReactJS for the front-end, running a MongoDB in the background which is fed via a micro-service framework. In the latter application, the users can configure topics, i.e. the platform enables the user to create new services for different planning issues.
CITY PROFILE: USING SMART DATA TO CREATE DIGITAL URBAN SPACES
Authors: Ma Y. , Li G. , Xie H. , Zhang H.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In the process of modern urban development, cities face various challenges such as climate change, air pollution and poverty, which have negative effects on urban sustainable development and self-regulation. The construction of smart cities can effectively improve the capability of urban management and operation. In this paper, we aim to explore how to use the big data in urban physical, social and cyber spaces to construct smart cities. The concept of digital urban space is proposed to help achieve the construction of smart cities, and city profiling is accordingly presented as a construction method of digital urban spaces and city profile as a product. According to the goals of constructing digital urban spaces, we illustrate the conception and core implementation steps of city profiling, including urban facets modelling and urban facets profiling with smart data. With three application scenarios, we discuss how city profile can be used to meet the factual needs of management, operation and decision-making. City profile can model the cities with urban data and make them become organisms managed and operated by data, so that various information services related to the city can be provided to different users.
A METHOD TO DEFINE THE SPATIAL STATIONS LOCATION IN A CARSHARING SYSTEM IN SÃO PAULO – BRAZIL
Authors: Lage M. O. , Machado C. A. S. , Berssaneti F. , Quintanilha J. A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Sharing mobility systems have become part of a sociodemographic trend that has pushed shared modes from the fringe to the mainstream of the transportation systems. Carsharing is a mode of shared transport, where a service is offered in which several people share the access and use of a set of vehicles. This is a relatively new mode of urban transport, which gives users access for short periods of rental, thus providing the benefits of using private vehicles, while avoiding the inherent property charges of a vehicle. The objective of the article searches for the identification and selection of preferred areas in the São Paulo City (Brazil) to implement a prototype of a carsharing system. The adopted methodology of demand analysis identifies the spatial patterns of the intervening variables of socioeconomic information, transportation and land use, in order to understand the current panorama of the demand for transport in São Paulo. The analysis made it possible to identify and select preferred areas in São Paulo for the implementation of a prototype. The study indicated the most favorable places to receive the service stations to operate a carsharing system.
DAV3E – a MATLAB toolbox for multivariate sensor data evaluation
Authors: Bastuck Manuel , Baur Tobias , Schütze Andreas
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We present DAV3E, a MATLAB toolbox for feature extraction from, and evaluation of, cyclic sensor data. These kind of data arise from many real-world applications like gas sensors in temperature cycled operation or condition monitoring of hydraulic machines. DAV3E enables interactive shape-describing feature extraction from such datasets, which is lacking in current machine learning tools, with subsequent methods to build validated statistical models for the prediction of unknown data. It also provides more sophisticated methods like model hierarchies, exhaustive parameter search, and automatic data fusion, which can all be accessed in the same graphical user interface for a streamlined and efficient workflow, or via command line for more advanced users. New features and visualization methods can be added with minimal MATLAB knowledge through the plug-in system. We describe ideas and concepts implemented in the software, as well as the currently existing modules, and demonstrate its capabilities for one synthetic and two real datasets. An executable version of DAV3E can be found at http://www.lmt.uni-saarland.de/dave (last access: 14 September 2018). The source code is available on request.
Dense CTD survey versus glider fleet sampling: comparing data assimilation performance in a regional ocean model west of Sardinia
Authors: Hernandez-Lasheras Jaime , Mourre Baptiste
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The REP14-MED sea trial carried out off the west coast of
Sardinia in June 2014 provided a rich set of observations from both
ship-based conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) probes and a fleet of underwater gliders. We present the results of
several simulations assimilating data either from CTDs or from different
subsets of glider data, including up to eight vehicles, in addition to
satellite sea level anomalies, surface temperature and Argo profiles. The
Western Mediterranean OPerational forcasting system
(WMOP) regional ocean model is used with a local multi-model ensemble optimal
interpolation scheme to recursively ingest both lower-resolution large-scale
and dense local observations over the whole sea trial duration. Results show
the capacity of the system to ingest both types of data, leading to
improvements in the representation of all assimilated variables. These
improvements persist during the 3-day periods separating two analyses. At
the same time, the system presents some limitations in properly representing
the smaller-scale structures, which are smoothed out by the model error
covariances provided by the ensemble. An evaluation of the forecasts using
independent measurements from shipborne CTDs and a towed ScanFish deployed at
the end of the sea trial shows that the simulations assimilating initial CTD
data reduce the error by 39 % on average with respect to the simulation
without data assimilation. In the glider-data-assimilative experiments, the
forecast error is reduced as the number of vehicles increases. The simulation
assimilating CTDs outperforms the simulations assimilating data from one to
four gliders. A fleet of eight gliders provides similar performance to the
10 km spaced CTD initialization survey in these experiments, with an overall
40 % model error reduction capacity with respect to the simulation without
data assimilation when comparing against independent campaign observations.
Velocity response of Petermann Glacier, northwest Greenland to
past and future calving events
Authors: Hill Emily A. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , Carr J. Rachel , Stokes Chris R.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Dynamic ice discharge from outlet glaciers across the Greenland ice sheet has increased since the beginning of the 21st century. Calving from floating ice tongues that buttress these outlets can accelerate ice flow and discharge of grounded ice. However, little is known about the dynamic impact of ice tongue loss in Greenland compared to ice shelf collapse in Antarctica. The rapidly flowing (∼ 1000 m a−1) Petermann Glacier in north-west Greenland has one of the ice sheet's last remaining ice tongues, but it lost ∼ 50–60 % (∼ 40 km in length) of this tongue via two large calving events in 2010 and 2012. The glacier showed a limited velocity response to these calving events, but it is unclear how sensitive it is to future ice tongue loss. Here, we use an ice flow model (Úa) to assess the instantaneous velocity response of Petermann Glacier to past and future calving events. Our results confirm that the glacier was dynamically insensitive to large calving events in 2010 and 2012 ( 12 km away from the grounding line, provide little frontal buttressing, and removing them is unlikely to significantly increase ice velocity or discharge. However, once calving removes ice within 12 km of the grounding line, loss of these thicker and stiffer sections of ice tongue could perturb stresses at the grounding line enough to substantially increase inland flow speeds (∼ 900 m a−1), grounded ice discharge, and Petermann Glacier’s contribution to global sea level rise.
Resisting Ilsa
Authors: Wesch Samantha N
Published: September 2018

This paper examines ways in which Nazism has been sexualized in contemporary Western media, drawing on Foucault’s theory of biopower to explain this bizarre phenomena. I argue Nazism has been eroticized through its use as a floating signifier for “evil” or “abnormal,” the oppositional half of the hegemonic binary narrative. Looking to Foucault’s later work on resistance and perfectionist ethics, I ultimately argue these representations negatively detract from and silence survivor and witness testimony, problematically distorting popular knowledge and understanding of the Shoah to fit hegemonic binary narratives, rather than to pay respect to or preserve the stories and suffering of the victims.
Response to commentaries on Disorientation and Moral Life
Authors: Harbin Ami
Published: September 2018

In Disorientation and Moral Life, I consider disorientations as experiences of not knowing how to go on following serious life events and experiences like those involved in traumas, grief, illness, education, consciousness raising, and migration. I challenge a history of moral philosophy that I claim has been preoccupied by a focus on the best moral agents as those who are most decisive, wholehearted, and clear about how they ought to act. In this piece, I respond to three commentaries on Disorientation and Moral Life. In particular, I offer reflections on how disorientations might be useful in contexts of disability studies, prison abolitionism, professional philosophy, anti-racist action, and political organizing.
Critical Thinking in the Foreign Language and Culture Curriculum
Authors: Snider Daren
Published: September 2018

The ability to think critically is considered an important component of a college education, and postsecondary institutions typically include critical thinking in student learning outcomes, particularly in the general education curriculum. Foreign language has traditionally been a staple discipline in general education. However, college foreign language instruction has not consistently integrated critical thinking in its approach to teaching and learning. Explicit teaching of critical-thinking skills in foreign language courses would strengthen higher-order thinking skills while enhancing language and cultural proficiency. This article (1) offers a definition of critical thinking that can be applied to foreign language and culture study, (2) outlines the role of critical thinking in postsecondary education, (3) discusses the various components that build communicative competence in a foreign language and culture, (4) describes the benefits of critical thinking to foreign language learners, and (5) suggests future research directions for integrating critical thinking into the foreign language curriculum.
Humanities Professors' Conceptions of Assessment: A Case Study
Authors: Rohrbacher Chad
Published: September 2018

This article's purpose is to make humanities professors' assumptions and beliefs about assessment more visible. It is important to understand how humanities professors view the assessment of general education, especially since those conceptions affect how they approach teaching and learning, and how they react to calls for assessment in their departments and/or institutions. Findings suggest that faculty embrace assessment to inform teaching and learning. Practical use of general education assessment data beyond reporting was absent, and the lack of shared governance in the process negatively affected faculty willingness to engage with general education assessment. Implications are discussed.
General Education: The Front Lines of Equity and Inclusion at a Midsize Public University
Authors: Klonoski Ed , Barker Gregory , Edghill-Walden Vernese
Published: September 2018

Unequal academic outcomes in postsecondary education persist for students from underserved populations (students of color, low socioeconomic status, first-generation), despite increased access to higher education in the last half century. General education classes present prime opportunities to address academic inequity. They typically have larger enrollments than major studies courses, are taken by more first-year students, and often serve as gateway courses for admission into numerous academic programs. Identifying pockets of underachievement—equity gaps—among discrete populations is a critical first step in ensuring that institutions support and meet the needs of all students. Equity-mindedness, which views student success as a shared responsibility between the student and the institution, is a second vital component for achieving academic equity. This article discusses two large initiatives undertaken at a midsized public university that are designed to achieve academic equity for all students: the identification and elimination of academic equity gaps among students from underserved populations, especially in general education courses, and the development of an equity-minded campus culture that embraces diversity and serves all students equally.
“Our Angel of Salvation”: Toward an Understanding of Iranian Cyberspace as an Alternative Sphere of Musical Sociality
Authors: Nooshin Laudan
Published: September 2018

This article explores the emergence of the internet as an alternative sphere of musical circulation, focusing on the case of Iran and specifically certain kinds of music for which the internet has become the primary arena of musical sociality, in some cases replacing its physical public presence entirely. In particular, it asks how the spaces opened up by new media technologies have shifted the conceptual boundaries between public and private. The article begins with an overview of recent scholarly work on Iranian cyberspace and on the relationship between “public” and “private,” providing a grounding for the case examples that follow.

اين مقاله به بررسى ظهور اينترنت به مثابه فضايى جايكزين براى نشر، توضيع و كردش موسيقى يرداخته و به طور مشخص بر مورد ايران و انواع موسيقايى خاصى تمركز مى كند كه برايشان اينترنت به بستر اصلى هموندى هاى موسيقايى (musical socialities) تبديل و در برخى موارد حتى به طور كامل جانشين حضور فيزيكى آنها در فضاى عمومى شده است. إرسش مقاله مشخصا اين است كه حكونه فضداهاى كشوده شده به وسيله فناوريهاى جديد رسانه اى مرزهاى مفهومى ميان حوزه هاى عمومى و خصوصى را جابجا كرده اند. مقاله با بررسى اجمالى آثار دانشورانه در باب فضاى مجازى ايرانى و رابطه ميان حوزه هاى «عمومى» و «خصوصى» اغاز مى شود كه فراهم كننده زمينه مناسبى براى بررسى هاى موردى ييش رو خواهد بود.
Turning Heads: Alexander and the Animals
Authors: Cohen Ada
Published: September 2018

This article engages with two intriguing pictorial tropes, two “pathos formulas,” in the art of the late Classical and Hellenistic periods, one well known and one hardly noticed. The latter is a stylized head pose adopted by animals in the popular imagery of the hunt. This pose assigns humanlike consciousness to animals, thus raising bigger interpretive questions. The ancient understanding of Alexander’s personality and/or appearance as leonine presents the reverse relationship, whereby the animal takes priority in conceptualizing the human. The well-known pathos formula explored in this connection concerns Alexander himself, whose turn of head is among the most frequently invoked but imperfectly understood aspects of his portraiture.
Animals in Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern Law: Tort and Ethical Laws
Authors: Breier Idan
Published: September 2018

This article examines the attitude toward animals in the Pentateuch and ancient Near Eastern legal codes. Employing a comparative approach, it analyzes criminal and tort law in relation to animals and their carers—stealing and finding animals used in factory farms, the responsibility of watchmen and renters, and that of the legal “owners” of animals who cause damage. Demonstrating how animals form part of the biblical ethical system, in which ethical demands become binding statutes, it looks at why this process only occurred in the Hebrew Bible and not in other ancient Near Eastern cultures.
ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF ZrN COATINGS
Authors: CHRONOWSKA-PRZYWARA Kinga , KOT Marcin
Published: September 2018

The article presents the results of mechanical and tribological studies of ZrN coatings that allowed the determination of their hardness, elasticity modulus, and scratch and wear resistance. Tests were carried out for 1, 1.4, and 2 μm thick ZrN coatings deposited on X5CrNi18-10 austenitic steel substrates by PVD technology. Hardness and Young's modulus of coatings, evaluated by nanoindentation, were within the 26–32 GPa, and 330–360 GPa ranges, respectively. Analysis of the adhesion of the coating to the substrate was carried out based on the results of the scratch test. The highest critical load values of LC1 and LC2 were measured for the 1.4 μm thick coating. Tribological tests performed using a ball-on-disc tribotester showed that the wear resistance increases with coating thickness. This was accompanied by a reduction of the coefficient of friction from 0.22 to 0.17.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ABRASIVE-WEAR RESISTANCE OF BRINAR AND HARDOX STEELS
Authors: BIAŁOBRZESKA Beata , KONAT Łukasz
Published: September 2018

One of the most important problems encountered during operation of machine parts exposed to abrasive action is their wear. In addition, these parts often work under dynamic loads, so their satisfactory ductility is also required. A combination of these apparently opposing properties is to a large degree possible in low-alloy martensitic steels containing boron. These steels are manufactured by numerous metallurgical concerns, but their nomenclature is not standardised and they appear under names given by the manufacturers, and their specifications are available in commercial information materials only. Till now, Hardox steels have been objects of great interest but, with regard to the continuous development of materials engineering, the created material database requires regular supplementation. To that end, two grades of steels from this group, Brinar 400 and Brinar 500, were subjected to comparative analysis of their abrasive-wear resistance in relation to properties of competitive grades Hardox 400 and Hardox 500. Abrasive-wear resistance tests were carriedout in laboratory conditions using a tribotester T-07. In addition, to identify the main wear mechanisms, worn surfaces of the specimens were examined with use of a scanning electron microscope.
EFFECTS OF SURFACE PREPARATION ON FRICTION AND WEAR IN DRY SLIDING CONDITIONS
Authors: DZIERWA Andrzej
Published: September 2018

Wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc tester T-11. In the experiment, a 42CrMo4 rotating steel disc with a hardness of 40±2 HRC was placed in contact with a 100Cr6 steel ball with a diameter of 6.35 [mm]. The hardness of the ball was set to 62±2 HRC. Finishing treatment applied to the surfaces was sand blasting. Disc samples were prepared to obtain surfaces in similar range of the Sa parameter (arithmetical mean height of the surface) but other surface topography parameters vary. Dry sliding tests were conducted at sliding speeds of v1 = 0.16; v2 = 0.24 i v3 = 0.32 [m/s]. The sliding distance was set to 282.6 [m], and the normal load was set to 9.81 [N]. During the tests, the friction force was monitored as a function of time. Disc and ball wear was measured after the tests using a white light interferometer Talysurf CCI Lite. Profiles were taken in four positions (900 apart) perpendicular to the wear track. Then, using an interferometer software program TalyMap Gold 6.0, they were computed and averaged. It was found that the initial surface topography has a significant influence on friction and wear levels under dry sliding conditions. It was also identified the correlation between several surface topography parameters and wear volume.
ANALYSIS OF DEFECTS AND FAILU RES OF HYDRAULIC GEAR PUMPS WITH THE USE OF SELECTED QUALITATIVE METHODS
Authors: FABIŚ-DOMAGAŁA Joanna
Published: September 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the defects and failures of a gear pump using the FMEA matrix analysis and error diagram. For each pump component, functions that are performed and potential defects were identified. Failures and defects that are typical for gear wheels were found as the main problem that influences pump malfunction. Therefore, using the error diagram, the main categories of causes were determined. In the next step, the identified causes and subcauses were assigned to defects with the highest possibility of occurrence, which allowed us to specify preventive and corrective actions.
ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION OF JOURNAL BEARINGS WITH OIL OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES
Authors: MISZCZAK Andrzej , SIKORA Grzegorz
Published: September 2018

In this paper, the presented issue concerns hydrodynamic lubrication of the journal bearings with the oil of non-Newtonian properties. For the analysis of the hydrodynamic lubrication, a constitutive model of the third order was assumed. The assumed model consist of a Newtonian part –pI+ηA1 and non-Newtonian part β3·tr(A1 2)A1. The main part of this paper concerns transformation, nondimensionalization, and an estimation of the order of magnitude of the equation, which describes the apparent viscosity. Apparent viscosity describes changes in the dynamic viscosity with shear rate. In this way, the prepared model of apparent viscosity is used in momentum equations. These equations are integrated in order to designate components of the velocity vector. By substitution of the proper boundary conditions, a modified Reynolds type equation is obtained. A further stage of the research will be proceeding of the numerical calculations of the hydrodynamic pressure distribution followed by the designation of the carrying capacity, friction force, and friction coefficient while taking changes of the viscosity from shear rate into account (apparent viscosity).
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF A CHROMOSILICONIZED LAYER ON THE TRIBOCORROSIVE PROPERTIES EXPOSED TO MINE WATER
Authors: BAUER Iwona
Published: September 2018

This paper presents the results of a study analysing the influence of the microstructure of a chromosiliconized layer produced using C90U steel on the tribocorrosive properties exposed to mine water. The steel coating process was conducted at a temperature of 1000°C for 8 hours. The layer was prepared by the powderpack method with the use of powdered ferrochrome with SiC, kaolin powder, and ammonium chloride as the activator. Samples of C90U steel were placed in the powder mixture inside specially designed boxes of X6CrNiTi18-10 steel and were heated in a laboratory furnace. The boxes were closed and sealed hermetically with enamel to prevent charge oxidation. The microstructure, chemical and phase composition of the chromosiliconized layer were analysed. Thickness, porosity, and hardness were measured. The wear of the chromosiliconized layer resulting from exposure to a corrosive environment of model mine water was analysed. A tribocorrosion test was conducted with the use of a wear tester composed of three rollers and a cone. The chromosiliconized layer produced by the powder-pack method on C90U steel contributed to an increase in the hardness of friction systems exposed to a corrosive medium in comparison with uncoated steel.
THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE LAYER QUALITY
ON THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
OF MACHINE PARTS UNDER MACHINING
Authors: BEZYAZYCHNY Vyacheslav F. , SZCZEREK Marian
Published: September 2018

The paper highlights the classification of the quality parameters of the surface layer and their influence on
the performance characteristics of machine parts, such as wear resistance, long-term and endurance strength,
as well as the influence of quality parameters of the surface layer on the performance characteristics subject
to the operating conditions (various temperatures and loads). The paper expounds the impact of machining
conditions on the formation of surface layer quality indices and provides calculated dependences for the
determination of surface layer quality parameters.
A TRIBOLOGICAL TEST RIG FOR FIBRES, CABLES, AND PLAITINGS
Authors: KOWALEWSKI Piotr , BROŃCZYK Anna , WIELEBA Wojciech
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a description of the mechanical construction, measuring and control systems and the possibilities of a new type tribological testing device. The design was developed and built at the Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Tribology of Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. Described tester allows the investigate a friction and wear of components such as fibrous tapes, ropes, plaitings or fibers themselves in contact with solid materials. The paper describes in detail the construction of drive and the load pneumatic system. The innovative system of the device such measurement equipped with piezoelectric sensors and an experimental fixing unit of tested components also have been described. Work includes diagrams of used control and measurement systems and the central lubrication system. As a test the polyethylene cable in contact with brass rods has been examined. The results of this studies were been also presented in the paper.
STUDY OF FRETTING WEAR IN THE WHEEL-AXLE CLAMPED JOINT MODEL OF RAIL VEHICLES
Authors: KOWALSKI Sławomir
Published: September 2018

Wheelsets are among the key components of a rail vehicle. Their task is to guide the vehicle on the track. Any damage or wear may lead to derailment and cause a crash that may cost lives of hundreds of people. Therefore, a significant problem in the designing of wheelsets is the aim of the reduction of the excessive wear of wheelsets during operation. Wear tests of wheelsets under real working conditions are hindered due to their dimensions, the cost of construction of an appropriate testing station, and technological difficulties associated with proper disassembly of the wheel from the axle, which would not lead to the impairment of the overall picture of wear. The article discusses the methodology of a study of the fretting wear of the wheel/axle interference fit model of a wheelset. Thanks to the application of the appropriate criteria of the similarity of the model to the real object, the wear pictures developed may be referred to the wheelset wheel-axle clamped joint.
EXPERIMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES OF THE APPLICATION MINERAL OIL AND SYNTHETIC OIL ON THE EFFICIENCY OF THE SINGLE-GEAR CYCLOIDAL
Authors: OLEJARCZYK Krzysztof , WIKŁO Marcin , KOŁODZIEJCZYK Krzysztof , KRÓL Kazimierz , NOWAK Renata
Published: September 2018

The paper presents a study of the impact of oil mineral-based and synthetic-based oils on the efficiency of the single stage cycloidal gear. Experimental studies were carried out for different loads and input speeds of the gears. The reference levels were the results of theoretical calculations of efficiency of the cycloidal gear obtained at the corresponding values of loads and input speeds as in the experiment.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE DESIGN PARAMETERS ON THE FRICTION TORQUE IN BALL BEARINGS
Authors: ADAMCZAK Stanisław , GORYCKI Łukasz , MAKIEŁA Włodzimierz
Published: September 2018

One of the many factors influencing the frictional moment in the bearings are construction parameters. These parameters include curvature ratio (the ratio of the radius of the track to the diameter of the ball) and the accuracy of the track shape. Although these factors influence the frictional moment, they are not included in the model used to determine the theoretical frictional moment. In this article, an analysis was carried out to determine the quantitative impact of the curvature ratio at the frictional moment in ball bearings. In order to determine the quantitative effects of this parameter, a linear regression analysis was carried out on five groups of bearings and under five measuring parameters (the rotational speed, the radial and axial load and curvature ratio of the inner and outer ring).