bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real‐life effectiveness of first‐line anticancer treatments in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC patients: Data from the Czech TULUNG Registry
Authors: Brat Kristian , Bratova Monika , Skrickova Jana , Barinova Magda , Hurdalkova Karolina , Pesek Milos , Havel Libor , Koubkova Leona , Hrnciarik Michal , Krejci Jana , Fischer Ondrej , Zemanova Milada , Coupkova Helena , Svaton Martin
Published: October 2020

Background

Data regarding real‐life effectiveness of any treatment may improve clinical decision‐making.

The aim of this study was to evaluate real‐life effectiveness of tyrosin‐kinase inhibitors, bevacizumab and pemetrexed as first‐line treatments in patients with advanced/metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

We analyzed data of 2157 patients of the Czech TULUNG Registry of patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC who received modern‐era treatments between 2011 and 2018. Patients treated with gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, bevacizumab (+ maintenance), pemetrexed (+ maintenance) as first‐line therapy were included in the study. A systematic literature search separately identified clinical trials suitable for calculation of comparator pooled OS and PFS for each regimen. For each subgroup, basic characteristics and survival data (Kaplan‐Meier estimates) are shown. We propose the “index of real‐life effectiveness” (IRE), a ratio of real‐life OS/PFS and comparator pooled OS/PFS. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors were associated with longer OS (ie, IRE>1.1).

Results

Survival analysis showed median OS of 23 months for erlotinib, 29.3 months for afatinib, 19.6 months for gefitinib, 12.2 months for pemetrexed, 17.5 months for pemetrexed maintenance, 15.8 months for bevacizumab and 15.8 months for bevacizumab maintenance. Calculated IREs for OS for the regimens were: erlotinib 1.013, afatinib 1.184, gefitinib 0.736, pemetrexed 1.188, pemetrexed maintenance 1.294, bevacizumab 1.178, and bevacizumab maintenance 1.189. Multivariate regression analysis showed that these factors were associated with longer OS: lower PS for afatinib; lower PS, absence of adverse events and female sex for bevacizumab; and lower PS and female sex for pemetrexed.

Conclusions

This study clearly demonstrated that real‐life effectiveness of certain treatment regimens may strongly differ in various populations/health care systems, and comparison between TULUNG data and pooled survival data from trials showed higher real‐life effectiveness for most of the studied first‐line regimens. Lower ECOG PS, younger age, female sex and adverse events were associated with longer survival in most regimens.

Key points

Significant findings of the study

Comparison between TULUNG data and pooled survival data from trials showed higher real‐life effectiveness for most of the studied first‐line regimens; for most regimens, lower ECOG PS, younger age, female sex and adverse events were associated with longer survival.

What this study adds

Real‐life effectiveness of certain treatment regimens may strongly differ in various populations/health care systems.
The provision of person‐centred dementia care in the context of mental health co‐morbidities: ‘It can be upsetting and distressing and it’s incredibly sad’
Authors: McKenzie Ellen L. , Brown Patricia M.
Published: October 2020

Objective

To explore health professionals’ (clinicians) approach to the provision of care in a dementia setting.

Methods

Participants were clinicians from two older persons’ mental health services (community and inpatient). Participants completed an interview about strategies to engage with, and barriers to providing person‐centred care to consumers with a co‐morbid diagnosis of dementia. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Three main themes were developed through analysis of the interview data: (1) overall approach to care (synthesis of care and cure principles), (2) the challenges in the provision of care, and (3) coping strategies to manage care demands.

Conclusion

Developing a relationship with a patient and attending to their medical needs were seen as optimal care, relevant to both person‐centred and task‐oriented approaches to dementia care. Clinicians also highlighted the importance of their own personal resources and attitudes in shaping the type of care provided.
Power, Violence and the Politics of Hope: Global 1989 from Czechoslovakia to Hong Kong
Authors: Auer Stefan , Chan Ching Yeung Kenneth
Published: October 2020

One of the striking features of 1989 was the realisation that a revolution can succeed without any radical innovation. The 1989 Revolutions in Central Europe suggest that radical political changes could be achieved by moderate means. They gave rise to a series of non‐revolutionary revolutions, spanning the second “Velvet Revolution” in Slovakia (1998), and coloured revolutions in Serbia (2000), Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004) and Kyrgyzstan (2005).

Yet, the script of non‐violent revolution has its limitations. Ernst Gellner was right to warn about the “price of velvet” just a few years after 1989. Were the velvet revolutionaries too gentle towards their enemies? The dispiriting lesson of Hong Kong's struggle for democracy three decades later appears to be that, without resorting to violence, change may well be impossible. This too, in a roundabout way, is the result of 1989 going global. Partly in response to the perceived threat of coloured revolutions, China has perfected its repressive regime in ways unimaginable before. The key question that Hong Kong today raises is how to act on the legacy of 1989 against those who are determined to make sure that 1989 never happens again?
Blurred Boundaries: Some Historical Precedents for Radical Right‐Wing Populism in Contemporary Britain
Authors: LeCras Luke
Published: October 2020

The last decade has seen a surge of academic interest in radical right‐wing populism, a movement that has drastically altered the political landscape of twenty‐first‐century Britain. Prior to 2016, the clearest sign of the populist radical right's ascendency was the rise of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), the political party which led the charge for Britain's departure from the European Union. In the wake of Brexit and the 2019 General Election, however, the future of the populist radical right in Britain is uncertain, owing to the resurgence of the Conservative Party and the emergence of a “big tent” populist challenger overseen by UKIP's former leader Nigel Farage. This article explores some of the historical precedents for radical right‐wing populism in contemporary Britain, arguing that the ideological roots of UKIP and its ilk are to be found in the radical traditions of English conservatism, rather than the fascistic heritage of the extreme right. It contends, however, that the ideological interests of conservative populists and right‐wing extremists in the United Kingdom have frequently intersected — and that this blurring of the boundaries is likely to continue in future manifestations of the country's populist radical right.
Hostages to History: The Use of Portuguese Prisoners of War in the Annexation of East Timor
Authors: Nuttall Ruth
Published: October 2020

On 26 August 1975 the colonial administration in Portuguese Timor abruptly removed itself from Dili to the island of Atauru, amidst escalating armed conflict among Timorese political parties. A puzzle that has remained is why did the Portuguese administration leave so precipitately, and why did it not return a few days later when the conflict was over? We have been left with the impression that Portugal simply deserted its responsibilities, abandoning the territory to Indonesian annexation. This paper pieces together a rivetting but little‐known story, from contemporary Portuguese, Indonesian, US, Australian, Timorese and eyewitness accounts, about the humiliating capture and detention by Timorese and Indonesians of Portuguese military as prisoners of war, which helps to explain a previously unrecognized constraint on Portuguese policy in East Timor in 1975‐1976. This paper also shows that Indonesia had taken some important lessons from history on how to manage Portugal, from India's annexation of Portuguese Goa in 1961.
Patient‐centred measurement of recovery from day‐case surgery using wrist worn accelerometers: a pilot and feasibility study*
Authors: Ratcliffe A. M. , Zhai B. , Guan Y. , Jackson D. G. ,   South West Anaesthesia Research Matrix (SWARM), Sneyd J. R.
Published: October 2020

This pilot and feasibility study evaluated wrist‐worn accelerometers to measure recovery from day‐case surgery in comparison with daily quality of recovery‐15 scores. The protocol was designed with extensive patient and public involvement and engagement, and delivered by a research network of anaesthesia trainees. Forty‐eight patients recruited through pre‐operative assessment clinics wore wrist accelerometers for 7 days before (pre‐operative) and immediately after elective surgery (early postoperative), and again at 3 months (late postoperative). Validated activity and quality of recovery questionnaires were administered. Raw accelerometry data were archived and analysed using open source software. The mean (SD) number of valid days of accelerometer wear per participant in the pre‐operative, early and late postoperative periods were 5.4 (1.7), 6.6 (1.1) and 6.6 (1.0) days, respectively. On the day after surgery, Euclidian norm minus one (a summary measure of raw accelerations), step count, light physical activity and moderate/vigorous physical activity decreased to 57%, 47%, 59% and 35% of baseline values, respectively. Activity increased progressively on a daily basis but had not returned to baseline values by 7 days. Patient questionnaires suggested subjective recovery by postoperative day 3 to 4; however, accelerometry data showed that activity levels had not returned to baseline at this point. All activity measures had returned to baseline by 3 months. Wrist‐worn accelerometery is acceptable to patients and feasible as a surrogate measure for monitoring postoperative recovery from day‐case surgery. Our results suggest that patients may overestimate their rate of recovery from day‐case surgery, which has important implications for future research.
Obstetric Healthcare Workers’ Adherence to Hand Hygiene Recommendations during the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Observations and Social‐Cognitive Determinants
Authors: Derksen Christina , Keller Franziska M. , Lippke Sonia
Published: October 2020

Background

Hand hygiene is crucial to avoid healthcare‐associated infections and the transmission of COVID‐19. Although the WHO has issued global hand hygiene recommendations for healthcare, adherence remains challenging. Considering social‐cognitive theories such as the health action process approach (HAPA) can help to improve healthcare workers’ adherence. This study aimed to observe adherence and to assess determinants in obstetric hospitals during and after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

In all, 267 observations of behaviour were conducted in two German obstetric university hospitals over three time periods (pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic, heightened awareness, and strict precautions). In addition, 115 healthcare workers answered questionnaires regarding social‐cognitive determinants of hand hygiene behaviour. Multiple regression and multiple mediation analyses were used to analyse associations.

Results

Adherence to hand hygiene recommendations increased from 47 per cent pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic to 95 per cent just before lockdown while simple measures against the pandemic were taken. Self‐efficacy was associated with the intention to sanitise hands (β = .397, p < .001). Coping self‐efficacy mediated the association of intention with hand hygiene adherence.

Conclusions

Obstetric healthcare workers seem to adapt their hand hygiene behaviour to prevent infections facing the global COVID‐19 pandemic. To further improve interventions, social‐cognitive determinants should be considered, especially intention and (coping) self‐efficacy.
Aged Tmem106b knockout mice display gait deficits in coincidence with Purkinje cell loss and only limited signs of non‐motor dysfunction
Authors: Stroobants Stijn , D’Hooge Rudi , Damme Markus
Published: October 2020

Genetic variants in TMEM106B are a major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal degeneration, limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy, Parkinson's disease, late‐onset‐Alzheimer's disease and constitute a genetic determinant of differential aging. TMEM106B encodes an integral lysosomal membrane protein but its precise physiological function in the central nervous system remains enigmatic. Presently, we aimed to increase understanding of TMEM106B contribution to general brain function and aging. We analyzed an aged cohort of Tmem106b knockout‐, heterozygote and wild‐type mice in a behavioral test battery including assessments of motor function as well as, social, emotional and cognitive function. Aged Tmem106b knockout (KO) mice displayed diverse behavioral deficits including motor impairment, gait defects and reduced startle reactivity. In contrast, no prominent deficits were observed in social, emotional or cognitive behaviors. Histologically, we observed late‐onset loss of Purkinje cells followed by reactive gliosis in the cerebellum, which likely contributed to progressive decline in motor function and gait defects in particular. Reactive gliosis was not restricted to the cerebellum but observed in different areas of the brain including the brain stem and parts of the cerebral cortex. Surviving Purkinje cells showed vacuolated lysosomes in the axon initial segment, implicating TMEM106B‐dependent lysosomal trafficking defects as the underlying cause of axonal and more general neuronal dysfunction contributing to behavioral impairments. Our experiments help to elucidate how TMEM106B affects spatial neuronal homeostasis and exemplifies a critical role of TMEM106B in neuronal cells for survival.
Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Moran Nicholas P. , Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Schielzeth Holger , Reinhold Klaus
Published: October 2020

Animal behaviour can lead to varying levels of risk, and an individual's physical condition can alter the potential costs and benefits of undertaking risky behaviours. How risk‐taking behaviour depends on condition is subject to contrasting hypotheses. The asset protection principle proposes that individuals in better condition should be more risk averse, as they have higher future reproductive potential (i.e. more to lose). The state‐dependent safety hypothesis proposes that high‐condition individuals that are more likely to survive and maximise the benefits of risky situations may make apparently riskier choices, as their individual risk is in fact lower. We systematically searched for studies that experimentally manipulated animals’ nutritional or energetic condition through diet treatments, and subsequently measured risk‐taking behaviour in contexts relating to predation, novelty and exploration. Our meta‐analysis quantified condition effects on risk‐taking behaviour at both the mean and variance level. We preregistered our methods and hypotheses prior to conducting the study. Phylogenetic multilevel meta‐analysis revealed that the lower‐nutritional‐condition individuals showed on average ca. 26% greater tendency towards risk than high‐condition individuals (95% confidence interval: 15–38%; N = 126 studies, 1297 effect sizes). Meta‐regressions revealed several factors influencing the overall effect, such as the experimental context used to measure risk‐taking behaviour, and the life stage when condition was manipulated. Meta‐analysis of variance revealed no clear overall effect of condition on behavioural variance (on average ca. 3% decrease in variance in low‐ versus high‐condition groups; 95% confidence interval: −8 to 3%; N = 119 studies, 1235 effect sizes), however, the experimental context was an important factor influencing the strength and direction of the variance effect. Our comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis provide insights into the roles of state dependency and plasticity in intraspecific behavioural variation. While heterogeneity among effect sizes was high, our results show that poor nutritional state on average increases risk taking in ecological contexts involving predation, novelty and exploration.
β2‐AR activation promotes cleavage and nuclear translocation of Her2 and metastatic potential of cancer cells
Authors: Liu Dan , Zha Li , Liu Yuchen , Zhao Xuan , Xu Xiyue , Liu Shuci , Ma Wen , Zheng Junnian , Shi Ming
Published: October 2020

Prolonged hypersecretion of catecholamine induced by chronic stress may correlate with malignant progression of cancer. β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) overexpressed in certain cancer cells may translate the signals from neuroendocrine system to malignant signals by interacting with oncoproteins, such as Her2. In the present study, we demonstrate that catecholamine stimulation activates the expression and proteolytic activity of ADAM10 by modulating the expression of miR‐199a‐5p and SIRT1 and also confirm that catecholamine induction triggers the activities of γ‐secretase, leading to shedding of Her2 extracellular domain (ECD) by ADAM10 and subsequent intramembranous cleavage of Her2 intracellular domain (ICD) by presenilin‐dependent γ‐secretase, nuclear translocation of Her2 ICD, and enhanced transcription of tumor metastasis‐associated gene COX‐2. Chronic stimulation of catecholamine strongly promotes the invasive activities of cancer cells in vitro and spontaneous tumor lung metastasis in mice. Furthermore, nuclear localization of Her2 was significantly correlated with overexpression of β2‐AR in human breast cancer tissues, indicating that catecholamine‐induced β2‐AR activation plays decisive roles in tumor metastasis. Our data also reveal that an unknown mechanism by which the regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) initiated by β2‐AR‐mediated signaling controls a novel Her2‐mediated signaling transduction.
Vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) with Ti‐reinforced d‐PTFE membranes or Ti meshes and collagen membranes: 1‐year results of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cucchi Alessandro , Vignudelli Elisabetta , Fiorino Antonino , Pellegrino Gerardo , Corinaldesi Giuseppe
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate hard and soft tissues around implants placed in posterior mandible 1 year after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA).

Materials and Methods

40 patients with vertical defects were enrolled and treated according to the study protocol. Patients were randomly divided into two study groups: reinforced PTFE membranes (group A) and titanium meshes plus collagen membranes (group B). All patients received simultaneous implants which were evaluated after prosthetic restoration at baseline and after 1 year, using the following parameters: peri‐implant bone levels (PBLs), interproximal bone peaks (IBPs), pocket probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (mPI), gingival index (mGI), keratinized tissue thickness/width (tKT and wKT), and fornix depth (FD). Statistical analysis was performed to investigate any statistically significant differences and/or correlations (p = .05).

Results

30 patients were completely followed up according to the study protocol. After 1 year, implants showed a change in PBL from 0.12 to 0.76 mm, with marginal bone loss of 0.67 and 0.61 mm for group A and group B, respectively, without significant differences (p > .9337). The estimated difference between treatments for the change from baseline in PBL was −0.05 (95% CI −0.27 to 0.16). Statistical analysis revealed strong correlations between PBL and IBP (p < .0001). However, no significant differences were observed for PPD, mPI, mGI, tKT, wKT, and FD (p > .05).

Conclusion

The results indicate that GBR treatment with titanium meshes plus collagen membranes (Group B) compared to reinforced PTFE membranes does not appear to be inferior or superior in terms of PBL change. In both groups, hard and soft tissues were stable after 1 year of follow‐up, with a peri‐implant bone loss less than 1.0 mm in the first year (study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04332679).
Application of computer information technology in college physical education using fuzzy evaluation theory
Authors: Yu Shan‐an
Published: October 2020

The educational sector faces a new dimension that is dominated by lifelong learning and is affected by the technical, social, and cultural changes. This pattern represents the need to improve the teaching methods for physical education and sports science. The use of computers and other information technology to increase the effectiveness of the teaching process is a modern method. This paper aims to illustrate the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in physical education and sports. In our field, the gradual computerization results can be summed up in the following aspects: education software, design, and planning activities, recording outcomes, motion monitoring, video analysis, comparison of performance and synchronizing, measurements at distance and time and the evaluation of the activity. Although physical education and sports are practical activities, specialists can make use of modern teaching technologies. In this paper, the system of curriculum assessment for physical education has been analyzed and researched in computer assessment. The first section introduced the method of assessment of the physical education program. The second phase of the paper represents a teaching model of the physical education mathematical model utilizing the Comprehensive Adaptive Fuzzy Evaluation Theory has been proposed. A new level is the modernization of physics education with the artificial intelligence computer education system built in this paper. The experimental results have high performance in detecting the physical activity of college students.
Analyzing and forecasting COVID‐19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using ARIMA and SIR models
Authors: Abuhasel Khaled Ali , Khadr Mosaad , Alquraish Mohammed M.
Published: October 2020

The novel coronavirus COVID‐19 is spreading all across the globe. By June 29, 2020, the World Health Organization announced that the number of cases worldwide had reached 9 994 206 and resulted in more than 499 024 deaths. The earliest case of COVID‐19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was registered on March 2 in 2020. Since then, the number of infections as per the outcome of the tests increased gradually on a daily basis. The KSA has 182 493 cases, with 124 755 recoveries and 1551 deaths on June 29, 2020. There have been significant efforts to develop models that forecast the risks, parameters, and impacts of this epidemic. These models can aid in controlling and preventing the outbreak of these infections. In this regard, this article details the extent to which the infection cases, prevalence, and recovery rate of this pandemic are in the country and the predictions that can be made using the past and current data. The well‐known classical SIR model was applied to predict the highest number of cases that may be realized and the flattening of the curve afterward. On the other hand, the ARIMA model was used to predict the prevalence cases. Results of the SIR model indicate that the repatriation plan reduced the estimated reproduction number. The results further affirm that the containment technique used by Saudi Arabia to curb the spread of the disease was efficient. Moreover, using the results, close interaction between people, despite the current measures remains a great risk factor to the spread of the disease. This may force the government to take even more stringent measures. By validating the performance of the applied models, ARIMA proved to be a good forecasting method from current data. The past data and the forecasted data, as per the ARIMA model provided high correlation, showing that there were minimum errors.
Crush and removal of biliary stones by peroral direct cholangioscopy and W‐shaped grasping forceps after hepaticojejunostomy
Authors: Hasegawa Naoyuki , Endo Masato , Terasaki Masahiko
Published: October 2020

Watch a video of this article
How can we improve clinical practice of spastic hip dislocation in cerebral palsy?
Authors: Jóźwiak Marek
Published: October 2020

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/ejzMNBUb8KI
Durability of glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis for its association with body weight changes
Authors: Li Danpei , Zou HuaJie , Yin Ping , Li Wenjun , He Junyu , Wang Shuyun , Huang Li , Shao Shiying , Chen Yong , Yang Yan , Yu Xuefeng
Published: October 2020

Aims

To analyse quantitatively the association between the durability of glycaemic control and body weight changes during treatment.

Materials and methods

This study adhered to an appropriate methodology according to Meta‐analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Studies with follow‐ups >12 months, and final and intermediate assessments of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body weight were included. Four outcomes assessing therapeutic durability were extracted and synthesized using Stata statistical software, including changes in HbA1c, goal‐achievement rate, failure rate and coefficient of failure (CoF).

Results

After 8.9 months of treatment, HbA1c levels declined from 8.03% [95% confidence interval (CI), 7.91‐8.15; I2 = 99.2%] to 7.15% (95% CI, 7.02‐7.27; I2 = 99.4%) and then gradually increased up to 7.72% (95% CI, 7.50‐7.94; I2 = 99.0%) 5 years later. The goal‐achievement rate decreased from 54.8% (after 1 year of treatment) to 19.4% 5 years later. The CoF was 0.123 ± 0.022%/year (P < .001). After stratification, the CoFs were 0.224 ± 0.025%/year (P < .001) for weight gain, 0.137 ± 0.034%/year (P < .001) for neutral weight and −0.024 ± 0.032%/year (P = .450) for weight loss. After stratification by treatment approaches, the CoFs were 0.45%/year for insulin, 0.43%/year for sulphonylurea, 0.34%/year for thiazolidinediones, 0.29%/year for metformin, 0.16% for glucagon‐like polypeptide‐1 receptor agonists, 0.12% for surgery, −0.03% for sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors and −0.21% for dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors.

Conclusion

Modest weight loss with a goal of 2‐3% of body weight should be recommended to improve therapeutic durability and prevent beta‐cell deterioration.
Treatment of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) using video telehealth
Authors: LaFrance William Curt , Ho Wing Lam Natalie , Bhatla Alana , Baird Grayson L. , Altalib Hamada Hamid , Godleski Linda
Published: October 2020

Objective

Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of manual‐based treatment for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES), but access to mental health care still remains a problem, especially for patients living in areas without medical professionals who treat conversion disorder. Thus, we evaluated patients treated with cognitive behavioral therapy–informed psychotherapy for seizures with clinical video telehealth (CVT). We evaluated neuropsychiatric and seizure treatment outcomes in veterans diagnosed with PNES seen remotely via telehealth. We hypothesized that seizures and comorbidities will improve with treatment.

Methods

This was a single‐arm, prospective, observational, cohort, consecutive outpatient study. Patients with video‐electroencephalography–confirmed PNES (n = 32) documented their seizure counts daily and comorbid symptoms prospectively over the course of treatment. Treatment was provided using a 12‐session manual‐based psychotherapy treatment given once per week, via CVT with a clinician at the Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Results

The primary outcome, seizure reduction, was 46% (P = .0001) per month over the course of treatment. Patients also showed significant improvements in global functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning, P = < .0001), quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory–31, P = .0088), and health status scales (Short Form 36 Health Survey, P < .05), and reductions in both depression (Beck Depression Inventory–II, P = .0028) and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, P = .0013) scores.

Significance

Patients with PNES treated remotely with manual‐based seizure therapy decreased seizure frequency and comorbid symptoms and improved functioning using telehealth. These results suggest that psychotherapy via telehealth for PNES is a viable option for patients across the nation, eliminating one of the many barriers of access to mental health care.
Teaching animal behavior online: A primer for the pandemic and beyond
Authors: Hughes Melissa , Bertram Susan M. , Young Anna M. , Merry Justin W. , Kolluru Gita R. , Dunlap Aimee S. , Danielson‐Francois Anne , Weiss Stacey
Published: October 2020

Behavior courses face numerous challenges when moving to an online environment, as has been made necessary by the COVID‐19 pandemic. These challenges occur largely because behavior courses, like most organismal biology courses, often stress experiential learning through laboratories that involve live animals, as well as a lecture component that emphasizes formative assessment, discussion, and critical thinking. Although online behavior courses may be remote, they can still be interactive and social, and designed with inclusive pedagogy. Here, we discuss some of the key decisions that instructors should consider, provide recommendations, and point out new opportunities for student learning that stem directly from the move to online instruction. Specific topics include challenges related to generating an inclusive and engaging online learning environment, synchronous versus asynchronous formats, assignments that enhance student learning, testing format and execution, grade schemes, design of laboratory experiences including opportunities for community science, design of synthetic student projects, and workload balance for students and instructors. We designed this primer both for animal behavior instructors who need to quickly transition to online teaching in the midst of a pandemic, and for those facing such transitions in upcoming terms. Much of the manuscript's content should also be of general interest and value to instructors from all areas of organismal biology who are attempting to quickly transition to online teaching.
Anti‐tumor necrosis factor drug responses and skin‐blood DNA methylation age: Relationships in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis
Authors: Nwanaji‐Enwerem Jamaji C. , Nwanaji‐Enwerem Ugoji , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Williams Ramone F. , Colicino Elena
Published: October 2020

Studies have examined the utility of DNA methylation as a biomarker of psoriasis treatment responses, but investigations of treatment responses with Skin‐Blood DNA methylation age (SkinBloodAge)—a methylation‐based measure of health designed using skin tissues—are lacking. Using a HumanMethylation450 BeadChip blood DNA methylation data set from 70 white patients who presented with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis and were treated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents in Madrid, Spain, we examined the cross‐sectional relationships of SkinBloodAge with anti‐TNF treatment responses. Partial responders had a 7.2‐year higher mean SkinBloodAge than excellent responders (P = .03). In linear regression models adjusted for chronological age, sex and anti‐TNF agents ‐ on average ‐ partial responders had a 2.65‐year higher SkinBloodAge than excellent responders (95%CI: 0.44, 4.86, P = .02). This relationship was attenuated in a sensitivity analysis adjusting for white blood cells including known T‐cell mediators of psoriasis pathophysiology (β = 1.91‐years, 95%CI: −0.50, 4.32, P = .12). Overall, our study suggests that partial responders to anti‐TNF therapy have higher SkinBloodAges when compared to excellent responders. Although these findings still need to be confirmed more broadly, they further suggest that SkinBloodAge may be a useful treatment response biomarker that can be incorporated with other blood tests before anti‐TNF therapy initiation in moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients.
Influence of processing parameters of selective laser melting on high‐cycle and very‐high‐cycle fatigue behaviour of Ti‐6Al‐4V
Authors: Du Leiming , Qian Guian , Zheng Liang , Hong Youshi
Published: October 2020

Orthogonal experiment design together with the analysis of variance was used to examine the processing parameters (laser power, scan speed, layer thickness and hatch spacing) of selective laser melting (SLM) for superior properties of SLM parts, in which nine groups of specimens of Ti‐6Al‐4V were fabricated. The results clarify that the influence sequence of individual parameter on the porosity is laser power > hatch spacing > layer thickness > scan speed. Ultrasonic fatigue tests (20 kHz) were conducted for the SLMed specimens in high‐cycle fatigue (HCF) and very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. The S‐N data show that the fatigue strength is greatly affected by the porosity: the group with the smallest porosity percentage having the highest fatigue strength in HCF and VHCF regimes. Then, the tests on the validation group were performed to verify the optimal combination of SLM processing parameters. Moreover, the observations by scanning electron microscopy revealed that fatigue cracks initiate at lack‐of‐fusion defects in the cases of surface and internal crack initiation.
Long‐term effects of global change on occupancy and flight period of wild bees in Belgium
Authors: Duchenne François , Thébault Elisa , Michez Denis , Gérard Maxence , Devaux Céline , Rasmont Pierre , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Fontaine Colin
Published: October 2020

Global change affects species by modifying their abundance, spatial distribution, and activity period. The challenge is now to identify the respective drivers of those responses and to understand how those responses combine to affect species assemblages and ecosystem functioning. Here we correlate changes in occupancy and mean flight date of 205 wild bee species in Belgium with temporal changes in temperature trend and interannual variation, agricultural intensification, and urbanization. Over the last 70 years, bee occupancy decreased on average by 33%, most likely because of agricultural intensification, and flight period of bees advanced on average by 4 days, most likely because of interannual temperature changes. Those responses resulted in a synergistic effect because species which increased in occupancy tend to be those that have shifted their phenologies earlier in the season. This leads to an overall advancement and shortening of the pollination season by 9 and 15 days respectively, with lower species richness and abundance compared to historical pollinator assemblages, except at the early start of the season. Our results thus suggest a strong decline in pollination function and services.
Analysis of green total factor productivity trend and its determinants for the countries along silk roads
Authors: Peng Yuanxin , Chen Zhuo , Xu Juanzhi , Lee Jay
Published: October 2020

In coping with increasing energy consumption and the consequential environmental pollution, green development is becoming an important part of social development. Since the inauguration of China’s Silk Road Economic Belt Initiative (BRI), economic cooperation between China and other countries along BRI has seen much growth. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the levels of green total factor productivity (GTFP) of the countries in the Silk Roads Economic Belt (B&R) and examine how these levels vary spatially and evolve temporally. In this paper, a panel regression analysis with DEA windows is used to study the spatiotemporal trends of the levels of GTFP. The results are: (1) The B&R countries have seen an increase in their overall levels of GTFP over time; (2) There are regional differences in the levels of GTFP, with higher efficiency in Western Asia and Central and Eastern Europe, and lower efficiency in Southeast and Central Asia; (3) The analysis of GTFP for countries in these regions shows that the efficiencies of most countries have been improving, with that of only a few countries have been decreasing; (4) By using regression analysis, we find that variables such as import, export, industrial structure, and urban affect the B&R countries with growing GTFP.
A split face randomized controlled trial comparing 1,064 nm Q‐switched Nd‐YAG laser and modified Kligman’s formulation in patients with melasma in darker skin
Authors: Dev Tanvi , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Sharma Vinod K. , Sahni Kanika , Bhari Neetu , Sethuraman Gomathy
Published: October 2020

Background

No randomized studies compared the efficacy and safety of modified Kligman’s triple combination (TC) with 1,064 nm Q‐switched Nd‐YAG laser (QSNYL) in melasma in darker skin.

Objectives

To compare the efficacy and safety of QSNYL and TC in the treatment of melasma in Fitzpatrick skin types IV and V.

Methods

In this split face randomized controlled trial, participants' cheeks were randomized to receive either weekly QSNYL (group A) or daily TC (group B) for 12 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐eight patients completed the intervention, and 21 of them completed follow‐up. We found a significant but modest reduction in mean melanin index, modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI), and photographic and patient’s assessment in both modalities (P < 0.01). No significant differences were detected between the groups. All patients had reappearance of pigmentation by the end of follow‐up. Adverse reactions were significantly more in group B (P < 0.001).

Limitation

The desired sample size could not be achieved.

Conclusion and Relevence

No statistically significant differences were observed between QSNYL and TC as monotherapy in melasma. Reappearance of melasma is inevitable after stopping treatment.
Art & Archaeology: Uncomfortable Archival Landscapes
Authors: Wall Gina , Hale Alex
Published: October 2020

This paper conceptualises practice in the space between and beyond Art & Archaeology as a zone where disciplinary certainties and known practices are unsettled, expanded and re‐cast. We will outline our current thinking about heritage landscapes as places and temporalities for engagement in the practice of what Henk Slager calls the para‐archive. For us, landscape functions as a kind of living archive, however, following Jacques Derrida, we are sceptical of the privileged relation between archive, law and authority. Therefore, in this paper we will think through our interdisciplinary research in the context of the development of creative para‐archives, which facilitate new, affective ways of thinking and making by bringing together the previously unimagined. Responding to the challenge of the SARS‐CoV‐2 discomfort zone, we seek to surface creative practices, activate archival disruptions and expand pedagogical approaches to the articulation of uncomfortable archival landscapes. The pandemic has brought into sharp focus the need to re‐conceptualise visions of space, experiences of place and archival practices. During a virtual fieldtrip students accessed a range of materials from Scotland’s National Record of the Historic Environment. We aimed to enable the co‐design and co‐production of a virtual fieldtrip, followed by discussions about our collective conceptualisations of landscapes of discomfort. The archaeological fieldwork in the virtual realm provides a context for students to engage in desirology as a catalyst for deranging, re‐associating and re‐imagining the archive in creative ways.
Is contextual animation needed in multimedia learning games for children? An eye tracker study
Authors: Javora Ondřej , Hannemann Tereza , Volná Kristina , Děchtěrenko Filip , Tetourová Tereza , Stárková Tereza , Brom Cyril
Published: October 2020

The present study investigates affective‐motivational, attention, and learning effects of unexplored emotional design manipulation: Contextual animation (animation of contextual elements) in multimedia learning game (MLGs) for children. Participants (N = 134; Mage = 9.25; Grades 3 and 4) learned either from an experimental version of the MLG with a high amount of contextual animation or from an identical MLG with no contextual animation (control). Children strongly preferred (χ2 = 87.04, p < .001) and found the experimental version more attractive (p < .001, d = −1.11). No significant differences in overall enjoyment and learning outcomes were found. Attention differences, measured by dwell times and fixation durations, were small and reached only borderline significance (p = .035; d = −0.39). The implication is that contextual animation in MLG for children increases such instructional materials' attractiveness without compromising cognitive processes needed for learning; however, it does not lead to their higher instructional efficiency.
Relationship between resting heart rate and incident heart failure in patients with hypertension: The Kailuan Cohort Study in China
Authors: Zhao MaoXiang , Chen Yanming , Wang Miao , Wang Chi , Yao Siyu , Li Yao , Zhang Sijin , Yun Cuijuan , Wu Shouling , Xue Hao
Published: October 2020

An elevated heart rate increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and the risk of heart failure (HF) in hypertensive patients is unclear. This study was performed to assess the relationship between elevated RHR and incident HF in hypertensive patients. In total, 16 286 hypertensive patients from the Kailuan cohort were enrolled and underwent three physical examinations. According to mean RHR based on quartile, the hypertensive patients were divided into four groups: Q1 (mean RHR ≤ 69 bpm), Q2 (69 bpm < mean RHR ≤ 74 bpm), Q3 (74 bpm < mean RHR ≤ 79 bpm), and Q4 (mean RHR > 79 bpm). The cumulative mortality rate was analyzed by using the Kaplan–Meier method, with comparisons among RHR quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models and restricted cubic spline models were established to evaluate the association between RHR and risk of incident HF. After adjustment for confounders, the hazard ratio (HR) for HF was 1.97(95% CI: 1.28‐3.04, P < .001) in the fourth quartile compared to the first quartile. Each 1‐standard deviation [10 (beats/min)] increase in RHR was associated with a 40% increase in the risk of incident HF. Restricted cubic spline models presented a linear relationship between RHR and incident HF. Our study suggests that elevated RHR is associated with an enhanced risk of HF in hypertensive patients.
Incidence and progression of gingival recession over 4 years: A population‐based longitudinal study
Authors: Rios Fernando S. , Costa Ricardo S. A. , Wagner Tassiane P. , Christofoli Barbara R. , Goergen Joseane , Izquierdo Cristina , Jardim Juliana J. , Maltz Marisa , Haas Alex N.
Published: October 2020

Aim

To describe changes in gingival recession (GR) at buccal and palatal sites in adults over an average follow‐up of 4 years.

Materials and methods

Baseline data were obtained from a multistage probabilistic representative sample of 1023 individuals aged ≥35 years from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Buccal and palatal/lingual GR were analysed.

Results

402 individuals (6,862 teeth) were followed. At baseline, 3,356 (48.9%) teeth did not have GR at the buccal site and 1206 developed the condition overtime (incidence =35.9%; 95% CI 32.6‐38.9). Percentage of incident teeth was higher among individuals with (42.3%) than those without (29.5%) periodontitis stages III/IV. Also, 38.5% of teeth with proximal attachment loss at follow‐up had incident GR compared to 7.6% of those without proximal attachment loss. Incidence of palatal GR was observed in 32.5% of teeth (95% CI 29.7‐35.3). Mean buccal and palatal/lingual GR incidence was 2.11 mm and 2.33 mm, whereas buccal and palatal/lingual GR progression equalled 0.40 mm and 0.48 mm. The prevalence of GR ≥3 mm increased in individuals with (from 35.9% to 47.4%) and without (from 25.2 to 41.5%) periodontitis.

Conclusion

Incidence and progression of GR are high in a general urban Brazilian population of adults.
The metamorphic PT history of Precambrian Belomorian eclogites (Shirokaya Salma), Russia
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Zhang Lifei , Bader Thomas
Published: October 2020

This petrological study details representative well‐preserved and partly retrogressed eclogite samples from the Shirokaya Salma locality in the Belomorian Province (Russia) to resolve ambiguity in the PT evolution of one of the oldest eclogite occurrences on Earth. Based on microstructures, eclogite and granulite facies mineral assemblages comprise omphacite, garnet (interior), quartz, rutile±phengite and diopside, garnet (modified rim), plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, quartz, rutile/ilmenite±melt respectively. Omphacite and Na‐bearing diopside feature breakdown textures with multiple oriented quartz–amphibole and orthopyroxene lamellae, while diopside forms symplectite with plagioclase. Garnet often exhibits a particular compositional annulus in both major and trace elements (Y+REE). We interpret the high‐Ca and inclusion‐rich garnet (core) with outwards Grs decrease and Prp increase as relict of prograde growth. The mantle‐rim domain of garnet, containing omphacite, diopside, plagioclase and rutile formed during eclogitization. Compositionally homogeneous garnet porphyroblasts are most likely outcomes of high‐T modifications. A progressive zonation of Y+REE from core to rim in several garnets is related to resorption at high temperatures. Both geothermometric and pseudosection calculations reveal a typical orogenic clockwise trajectory for the studied eclogites, and their metamorphic PT path includes a possible pre‐eclogitic stage (M0) at <630°C, ~16–19 kbar, a peak eclogite facies stage (M1) at 19–21 kbar, 670–750°C, a granulite facies overprint (stage M2) from 14–16 kbar, 830–870°C (M2a) to 10–11 kbar, 880–910°C (M2b), and retrogression to <9–11 kbar, <650–680°C (stage M3). It agrees well with our previous estimates for other Salma eclogites with Palaeoproterozoic ages.
Information Inertia
Authors: ILLEDITSCH PHILIPP K. , GANGULI JAYANT V. , CONDIE SCOTT
Published: October 2020

We show that aversion to risk and ambiguity leads to information inertia when investors process public news about assets. Optimal portfolios do not always depend on news that is worse than expected; hence, the equilibrium stock price does not reflect this bad news. This informational inefficiency is more severe when there is more risk and ambiguity but disappears when investors are risk‐neutral or the news is about idiosyncratic risk. Information inertia leads to news momentum (e.g., after earnings announcements) and is consistent with low household trading activity. An ambiguity premium helps explain the macro and earnings announcement premium.