bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the prevalence and association between physical, emotional, and sexual of intimate partner violence against women in Nigeria
Authors: Tesfaw Lijalem Melie , Muluneh Essey Kebede
Published: June 2022

Background

Several studies were carried out on prevalence and associated factors of physical, emotional, and sexual violence against women. However, little attention was given to a comprehensive study that assesses the association between physical, emotional, and sexual violence against women. Thus, this study aimed to assess the association between physical, emotional, and sexual violence against women and their prevalence.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional design was implemented based on the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey involving 8061 married women aged 15–49. A log-linear statistical model for the three-way table was used to assess the association between emotional, physical, and sexual violence. SAS statistical software was used for data management and parameter estimation.

Results

Among a total of 8061 women considered in the study 3022 (37.49%), 4216 (52.3%) and 1186 (14.71%) women have experienced physical, emotional, and sexual violence, respectively. The estimated odds of the interaction between emotional and physical violence (e1.9281 = 6.876); physical and sexual violence (e−2.0529 = 0.128) were significantly differ from 1.0 with p-values < 0:0001 and 0.0201, respectively.

Conclusion

Over 33 percent of women experienced at least one incident of physical, emotional, or sexual violence in their lifetime. Physical violence against women has a significant association with emotional and sexual violence. However, it does not imply physical violence causes the other violence since cross-sectional data used for the analysis and other factors were not taken into consideration. The lack of a three-way association between emotional, physical, and sexual violence was also perceived. Therefore, as the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women s high, Nigeria as a country needs to strive to reduce it with the collaboration of other nations in the world to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Design and apply guidelines to aware of the community about intimate partner violence against women and besides, take appropriate sentencing on those who commit the violence are the better approaches to prevent violence. Traditional habits that might be the cause of violence should be avoided to reduce or prevent the burden of women due to violence.
Menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among Indian adolescent girls: a meta-analysis
Authors: Majeed Jaseela , Sharma Prerna , Ajmera Puneeta , Dalal Koustuv
Published: June 2022

Background

Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) and practices by adolescent females of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a severe public health issue. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled proportion of the hygiene practices, menstrual problems with their associated factors, and the effectiveness of educational interventions on menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls in India.

Methods

PRISMA checklist and PICO guidelines were used to screen the scientific literature from 2011 to 2021. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of studies. Four themes were developed for data analysis, including hygiene practices, type of absorbent used, menstruation associated morbidities and interventions performed regarding menstruation. Eighty-four relevant studies were included and a meta-analysis, including subgroup analysis, was performed.

Results

Pooled data revealed a statistically significant increase in sanitary pad usage “(SMD = 48.83, 95% CI = 41.38–57.62, p < 0.00001)” and increased perineum practices during menstruation “(SMD = 55.77, 95% CI = 44.27–70.26, p < 0.00001)”. Results also reported that most prevalent disorders are dysmenorrhea “(SMD = 60.24, 95% CI = 50.41–70.06, p < 0.0001)”, Pre-menstrual symptoms “(SMD = 62.67, 95% CI = 46.83–78.50, p < 0.00001)”, Oligomenorrhea “(SMD = 23.57, CI = 18.05–29.10, p < 0.00001), Menorrhagia “(SMD = 25.67, CI = 3.86–47.47, p < 0.00001)”, PCOS “(SMD = 5.50, CI = 0.60–10.40, p < 0.00001)”, and Polymenorrhea “(SMD = 4.90, CI = 1.87–12.81, p < 0.0001)”. A statistically significant improvement in knowledge “(SMD = 2.06, 95% CI = 0.75–3.36, p < 0.00001)” and practice “(SMD = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.13–2.65, p < 0.00001)” on menstruation was observed. Infections of the reproductive system and their repercussions can be avoided with better awareness and safe menstruation practices.

Conclusions

Learning about menstrual hygiene and health is essential for adolescent girls' health education to continue working and maintaining hygienic habits. Infections of the reproductive system and their repercussions can be avoided with better awareness and safe menstruation practices.
A pilot pragmatic trial of a “what matters most”-based intervention targeting intersectional stigma related to being pregnant and living with HIV in Botswana
Authors: Yang Lawrence H. , Eschliman Evan L. , Mehta Haitisha , Misra Supriya , Poku Ohemaa B. , Entaile Patlo , Becker Timothy D. , Melese Tadele , Brooks Merrian J. , Eisenberg Marlene , Stockton Melissa A. , Choe Karen , Tal Danielle , Li Tingyu , Go Vivian F. , Link Bruce G. , Rampa Shathani , Jackson Valerie W. , Manyeagae Gorata D. , Arscott-Mills Tonya , Goodman Melody , Opondo Philip R. , Ho-Foster Ari R. , Blank Michael B.
Published: June 2022

We conducted a pilot trial of an intervention targeting intersectional stigma related to being pregnant and living with HIV while promoting capabilities for achieving ‘respected motherhood’ (‘what matters most’) in Botswana. A pragmatic design allocated participants to the intervention (N = 44) group and the treatment-as-usual (N = 15) group. An intent-to-treat, difference-in-difference analysis found the intervention group had significant decreases in HIV stigma (d = − 1.20; 95% CI − 1.99, − 0.39) and depressive symptoms (d = − 1.96; 95% CI − 2.89, − 1.02) from baseline to 4-months postpartum. Some, albeit less pronounced, changes in intersectional stigma were observed, suggesting the importance of structural-level intervention components to reduce intersectional stigma.
Analysis of risk factors affecting union and refracture after combined surgery for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: a retrospective study of 255 cases
Authors: Li Zhuoyang , Yu Hui , Huang Yiyong , Liu Yaoxi , Zhu Guanghui , Tan Qian , Mei Haibo , Yang Ge
Published: June 2022

Background

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is a rare disease occurring in children. The aim of this study is to identify the factors affecting bone union and re-fracture after surgery for CPT and to provide reliable evidence for clinics.

Methods

We collected the detailed information of 255 cases with Crawford IV CPT treated by combined surgery in our hospital from 2013 to 2020. Basic characteristics were recorded. Univariate variance and logistic regression analysis were used to compare the correlations between factors and outcomes.

Results

92.5% of patients achieved primary union, 7.5% of patients had non-union and 13.3% of patients had re-fracture. Logistic regression analysis showed that age at index surgery (Coef. = 0.171, 95%CI 0.015–0.327, P = 0.032), and CPT location (Coef. = − 1.337, 95%CI − 2.218–0.456, P = 0.003) had statistical differences, while no factors had significant correlation with re-fracture. Furthermore, ROC curve showed that the optimal age threshold for first surgery was 2.37 years old.

Conclusions

For patients with Crawford IV CPT treated by combined surgery, the younger the age at index surgery and the closer the CPT location to the distal end, the easier to achieve bone union.
Identification of key genes and pathways related to cancer-associated fibroblasts in chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells based on GEO and TCGA databases
Authors: Han Li , Guo Xiaojuan , Du Ruijuan , Guo Kelei , Qi Pei , Bian Hua
Published: June 2022

Background

Studies have revealed the implications of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor progression, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Here, in silico analyses were performed to reveal the key genes and pathways by which CAFs affected chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Methods

Candidate genes were obtained from the intersected differentially expressed genes in ovarian cancer, ovarian cancer chemoresistance, and ovarian CAF-related microarrays and chemoresistance-related genes from GeneCards databases. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were employed to identify the pathways engaged in ovarian cancer chemoresistance and ovarian CAF-related pathways. The top genes with high Degree in the protein-protein interaction network were intersected with the top genes enriched in the key pathways, followed by correlation analyses between key genes and chemotherapeutic response. The expression profiles of key genes were obtained from Human Protein Atlas database and TCGA-ovarian cancer data.

Results

p53, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK pathways were the key pathways related to the implication of CAFs in ovarian cancer chemoresistance. 276 candidate genes differentially expressed in CAFs were associated with ovarian cancer chemoresistance. MYC, IGF1, HRAS, CCND1, AKT1, RAC1, KDR, FGF2, FAS, and EGFR were enriched in the key chemoresistance-related ways. Furthermore, MYC, EGFR, CCND1 exhibited close association with chemotherapeutic response to platinum and showed a high expression in ovarian cancer tissues and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Conclusion

The study suggests the key genes (MYC, EGFR, and CCND1) and pathways (p53, cell cycle, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK) responsible for the effect of CAFs on ovarian cancer chemoresistance.
Acetyl-CoA metabolism drives epigenome change and contributes to carcinogenesis risk in fatty liver disease
Authors: Assante Gabriella , Chandrasekaran Sriram , Ng Stanley , Tourna Aikaterini , Chung Carolina H. , Isse Kowsar A. , Banks Jasmine L. , Soffientini Ugo , Filippi Celine , Dhawan Anil , Liu Mo , Rozen Steven G. , Hoare Matthew , Campbell Peter , Ballard J. William O. , Turner Nigel , Morris Margaret J. , Chokshi Shilpa , Youngson Neil A.
Published: June 2022

Background

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing worldwide, but the steps in precancerous hepatocytes which lead to HCC driver mutations are not well understood. Here we provide evidence that metabolically driven histone hyperacetylation in steatotic hepatocytes can increase DNA damage to initiate carcinogenesis.

Methods

Global epigenetic state was assessed in liver samples from high-fat diet or high-fructose diet rodent models, as well as in cultured immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH cells). The mechanisms linking steatosis, histone acetylation and DNA damage were investigated by computational metabolic modelling as well as through manipulation of IHH cells with metabolic and epigenetic inhibitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and transcriptome (RNA-seq) analyses were performed on IHH cells. Mutation locations and patterns were compared between the IHH cell model and genome sequence data from preneoplastic fatty liver samples from patients with alcohol-related liver disease and NAFLD.

Results

Genome-wide histone acetylation was increased in steatotic livers of rodents fed high-fructose or high-fat diet. In vitro, steatosis relaxed chromatin and increased DNA damage marker γH2AX, which was reversed by inhibiting acetyl-CoA production. Steatosis-associated acetylation and γH2AX were enriched at gene clusters in telomere-proximal regions which contained HCC tumour suppressors in hepatocytes and human fatty livers. Regions of metabolically driven epigenetic change also had increased levels of DNA mutation in non-cancerous tissue from NAFLD and alcohol-related liver disease patients. Finally, genome-scale network modelling indicated that redox balance could be a key contributor to this mechanism.

Conclusions

Abnormal histone hyperacetylation facilitates DNA damage in steatotic hepatocytes and is a potential initiating event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and ozone and the onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an open cohort study in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Zhao Naizhuo , Smargiassi Audrey , Jean Sonia , Gamache Philippe , Laouan-Sidi Elhadji-Anassour , Chen Hong , Goldberg Mark S. , Bernatsky Sasha
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To estimate associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone and the onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

Methods

An open cohort of over 6 million adults was constructed from provincial physician billing and hospitalization records between 2000 and 2013. We defined incident SARD cases (SLE, Sjogren’s syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polyarteritis nodosa and related conditions, polymyalgia rheumatic, other necrotizing vasculopathies, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease) based on at least two relevant billing diagnostic codes (within 2 years, with at least 1 billing from a rheumatologist), or at least one relevant hospitalization diagnostic code. Estimated PM2.5 and ozone concentrations (derived from remote sensing and/or chemical transport models) were assigned to subjects based on residential postal codes, updated throughout follow-up. Cox proportional hazards models with annual exposure levels were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for SARDs incidence, adjusting for sex, age, urban-versus-rural residence, and socioeconomic status.

Results

The adjusted HR for SARDS related to one interquartile range increase in PM2.5 (3.97 µg/m3) was 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.08–1.15), but there was no clear association with ozone. Indirectly controlling for smoking did not alter the findings.

Conclusions

We found associations between SARDs incidence and PM2.5, but no relationships with ozone. Additional studies are needed to better understand interplays between the many constituents of air pollution and rheumatic diseases.
The expression level of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase in tumors induced by ALV-J is positively correlated with methylation and mutation of its promoter region
Authors: Xiang Yong , Chen Qinxi , Li Qingbo , Liang Canxin , Cao Weisheng
Published: June 2022

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause neoplastic diseases in poultry and is still widely prevalent in China. Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) is the core component of telomerase, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Our previous studies showed that chTERT is overexpressed in ALV-J tumors, but the mechanism is still not completely clear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the possible molecular mechanism of chTERT overexpression in ALV-J tumors from the perspective of DNA methylation and promoter mutation. Methylation sequencing of the chTERT amplicon showed that ALV-J replication promoted the methylation level of the chTERT promoter. And the methylation level of the chTERT promoter in ALV-J tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent and normal tissues. Compared with the tumor-adjacent and normal tissues, the chTERT promoter in each ALV-J tumors tested had a mutation of −183 bp C > T, and 36.0% (9/25) of the tumors also had mutations of −184 bp T > C, −73 bp::GGCCC and −56 bp A > T in the chTERT promoter, which formed the binding sites for the transcription factors NFAT5, TFAP2A and ZEB1, respectively. The results of RT–qPCR and Western blotting showed that the occurrence of these mutations significantly increased the expression level of chTERT. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the high expression of chTERT in ALV-J tumors is positively correlated with the level of hypermethylation and mutation in its promoter, which provides a new perspective for further research on the molecular mechanism of chTERT in ALV-J tumorigenesis.
The rooting ability of in vitro shoot cultures established from a UK collection of the common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and their ex vitro survival
Authors: Fenning Trevor , O’Donnell Margaret , Preedy Katharine , Bézanger Aurélia , Kenyon David , Lopez Gustavo
Published: June 2022

Key message

Shoot cultures from a population of British ash trees (Fraxinus excelsiorL.) were assessed for their ability to form rootsin vitroand to grow in nursery conditions. Most of the plants survived whether they had formed roots or not, but this was affected by a systemic contaminant. This information will be valuable for work aimed at overcoming ash die-back disease.

Context

Ash die-back disease is killing Europe’s ash trees, with much breeding and experimental work is underway to help overcome it, including this.

Aims

This work aimed to develop and test a set of standard tissue culture methods for propagating material from selected ash trees, and then to produce rooted clonal plants which could be transferred to nursery conditions.

Methods

Seed material from a range of British and Irish ash provenances were used for this work, with the shoot cultures being maintained on DKW based media, with 3 ppm BAP being added to induce shoot proliferation, with the shoots so generated being exposed to 3 ppm IBA to induce root formation in vitro.

Results

One hundred thirty-six shoot cultures were successfully established from 13 mother trees. Most were generated from hypocotyl pieces excised from sterile germinating ash seeds on DKW medium plus 3 ppm BAP. Another 24 cultures were lost to a bacterial contaminant, which was provisionally identified as the plant symbiontBacillus megateriumor a close relative. Overall, 41.5% of uncontaminated plants and 11.6% of contaminated plants produced roots in vitro, after exposure to DKW medium with 3 ppm IBA, followed by hormone-free medium, with 92.6% of the uncontaminated plants surviving the transfer to the nursery whether they were rooted or not, as opposed to 62.1% of the contaminated plants.

Conclusions

This methodology can be used to produce large numbers of clonal ash plants on demand from a wide cross-section of the UK’s and Ireland’s ash breeding population, and so can be used to help produce the ash plants needed to combat ash die-back disease, although contamination issues are likely to remain an issue.
Solar and lunar daily geomagnetic variations and their equivalent current systems observed by Swarm
Authors: Yamazaki Yosuke
Published: June 2022

This paper describes solar and lunar daily variations of the geomagnetic field over low- and mid-latitude regions, using vector magnetometer data from Swarm satellites at altitudes of $$\sim$$
∼
500 km during the solar minimum years of 2017–2020. The average solar variation of the geomagnetic field is within the range of ±14 nT, while the lunar variation is within ±2 nT. The latter is comparable to the ocean tidal field. A spherical harmonic analysis is performed on the solar and lunar variations to evaluate their internal and external equivalent current systems. The results show that both the solar and lunar variations are mainly of internal origin, which can be attributed to combined effects of ionospheric dynamo currents and induced underground currents. Global patterns of the internal solar and lunar current systems are consistent with the corresponding external current systems previously reported based on ground observations. The Swarm external currents are mainly in the meridional direction, and are likely associated with interhemispheric field-aligned currents. Both the internal and external current systems depend on the season and longitude.

Graphical Abstract
Adherence to Mediterranean diet associated with health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Romero-Robles Milton A. , Ccami-Bernal Fabricio , Ortiz-Benique Zhamanda N. , Pinto-Ruiz Diego F. , Benites-Zapata Vicente A. , Casas Patiño Donovan
Published: June 2022

Background

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become a significant outcome in assessing interventions in the pediatric population and could be influenced by diet patterns. The Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has been related to multiple positive health outcomes, including decreased cardiovascular risk and better mental health. We aimed to evaluate the association between MD adherence and HRQoL in children and adolescents.

Methods

The literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Ovid-MEDLINE databases from inception to May 2022. Two researchers independently checked titles and abstracts, evaluated full-text studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results

Eleven studies (1 longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional), totaling 6,796 subjects, were included. Ten studies assessed MD adherence with KIDMED index, and one assessed MD adherence with Krece Plus test, while all included studies assessed HRQoL with a KIDSCREEN test. All studies analyzed the association between MD adherence and HRQoL with linear regression, and eight used adjusted models. Five studies found a significant positive association of MD adherence with HRQoL, with β-values ranging from 0.13 to 0.26. Two found a nonsignificant positive relationship, while one found a negative association. According to the NOS criteria, the risk of bias assessment showed four studies with a low risk of bias and seven with a high risk of bias.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a positive correlation of MD adherence with HRQoL in children and adolescents. However, future research is needed to strengthen the evidence of this relationship.

Trial registration

CRD42021236188 (PROSPERO)
Health-related quality of life and social determinants of health following COVID-19 infection in a predominantly Latino population
Authors: Case Kathleen R. , Wang Chen-Pin , Hosek Meredith G. , Lill Sarah F. , Howell Alexandra B. , Taylor Barbara S. , Bridges James , MacCarthy Daniel J. , Winkler Paula , Tsevat Joel
Published: June 2022

Background

As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, more information is needed on its long-term impacts on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and social determinants of health (SDoH). The aim of the study was to assess HRQoL and SDoH among a predominantly Latino population of COVID-19 survivors and to compare effects in Latinos versus non-Latinos.

Methods

This cross-sectional study consisted of a survey (in English and Spanish) of COVID-19 survivors from December 2020 to July 2021. The study assessed sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and SDoH, consisting of 10 COVID-19—related concerns. The PROMIS-29 + 2 (PROPr) measure, which captures 8 HRQoL domains and a preference-based health utility, was used to assess HRQoL. Bivariate analyses included chi-square tests and t-tests. Generalized linear models were conducted for multivariable analyses.

Results

Of 230 respondents (6.3% response rate), the mean [SD] age was 43.1 [14.3] years; 83.0% were Latino; the mean [SD] time since diagnosis was 8.1 [3.2] months; and 12.6% had a history of hospitalization with COVID-19. HRQoL scores were slightly worse than population norms on all domains, especially anxiety; the mean [SD] PROPr health utility was 0.36 [0.25]. Domain scores were similar by ethnicity except for cognitive function—abilities, where scores were lower in Latinos. Multivariable analyses revealed that: (1) financial concerns were associated with worse health utility, as well as worse scores on all 8 PROMIS domains; (2) interpersonal conflict was associated with worse health utility and worse scores on 6 of the 8 PROMIS domains (anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social function, and pain interference); and (3) Latino ethnicity was only associated with 1 PROMIS domain (cognitive function—abilities) after controlling for covariates.

Conclusion

COVID-19 infection is associated with HRQoL decrements long after the acute infection, and financial concerns and interpersonal conflict are particularly associated with worse HRQoL.
Prevalence and determinants of anxiety in patients with epilepsy during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sehlo Mohammad Gamal , Mohamed Wafaa Samir , Youssef Usama Mahmoud , Lotfi Shrouk Esam , El-deen Ghada Mohamed Salah
Published: June 2022

Background

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent and serious brain disorders. The nature of the disorder and the unpredictability of seizures usually puts patients in a state of apprehension and anticipation, which creates a continuous condition of anxiety. COVID-19 pandemic has created a state of generalized anxiety all over the world. It is expected that patients with epilepsy (PWE) will suffer from more anxiety during the pandemic. This cross-sectional study was applied on 290 PWE. Data were collected by personal interview with each patient using GAD-7 scale for diagnosing anxiety and assessing its severity. We aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety and to assess its risk factors in PWE during COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

We found that 52.4% of PWE suffered from anxiety. Not working, low financial status, fear of infection and death by COVID-19, fear of job loss, had job changes during pandemic, increased seizures rate during pandemic, increased ER visits, and lack of drug adherence during the pandemic, are significantly associated with increased risk of anxiety.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic has a serious effect on the psychological and the physical wellbeing of PWE. There was an increased rate of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in PWE with its subsequent burden on those patients. So, these patients are in a high need of care and support during the pandemic.
Impact of exercise training on myocardial contractile functions assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance in post-myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Elshazly Ahmed , Hasan Rana Lateef , Saleh Mohamed Ayman , Ibrahim Ahmed Samir , Khorshid Hazem
Published: June 2022

Background

Improvement of functional capacity and mortality reduction in post-MI patients were found to be associated with regular exercise training. The cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered the most accurate non-invasive modality in quantitative assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes and systolic functions. Our main objective was to investigate the impact of exercise training on LV systolic functions in patients post anterior MI using CMR. 32 patients on recommended medical treatment 4 week after having a successful primary PCI for an anterior MI were recruited, between May 2018 and May 2019. They were divided into two groups, training group (TG): 16 assigned to a 12 week exercise training program and control group (CG): 16 who received medical treatment without participating in the exercise training program. Treadmill exercise using modified Bruce protocol was done to TG before and after the training program in order to record the resting and maximum HR, metabolic equivalent (MET), and calculate HR reserve. CMR was performed for all patients 4 weeks after PCI and was repeated after completion of the study period to calculate ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), and wall motion score index (WMSI).

Results

100% were males. 6 patients from CG dropped during follow-up, no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding age, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Using the CMR, the TG showed significant improvement in EF (36.6 ± 14.2% to 43.1 ± 12.4%; P < 0.001) and WMSI (2.03 ± 0.57 to 1.7 ± 0.49; P < 0.001), without statistically significant change in LV volumes. Regarding CG no significant changes in EF, WMSI, LV volumes were found. There was significant improvement in EF and WMSI change before and after study in TG vs. CG [6.5 (2.3–9.0) vs. − 2.0 (− 6.8 to 1.3), P value < 0.001] and [− 0.3 (− 0.5 to 0.1) vs. 0.1 (− 0.1 to − 0.5), P value 0.001] respectively.

Conclusions

12 weeks of exercise training program in post-MI patients have a favorable impact on LV global and regional systolic functions without adversely affecting LV remodeling (as assessed by CMR).
Feasibility of characterizing an aligned fracture set from azimuthal amplitude variations of PP and converted waves
Authors: Jin Song , Hu Xiangyun , Stovas Alexey
Published: June 2022

The amplitude variation with azimuth (AVAz) is commonly used to predict subsurface fracture properties. Published analyses demonstrate the ambiguous characterization from PP-wave AVAz for a vertical set of rotationally variant fractures. Thus, it is worth analyzing the extra information hidden in the converted wave AVAz. We have considered the linear-slip theory to model a vertical or tilted set of rotationally variant fractures in either of two welded half-spaces with polar anisotropy. We investigate the AVAz of PP and converted waves to determine their ability to create unambiguous fracture characterizations. Reflectivity approximations are derived for PP and converted waves to extract their AVAz attributes exclusively depending on fracture properties. We consider pseudo-PSV and pseudo-PSH waves with linear reflectivity approximations transformed from the nonlinear ones for typical converted waves in fractured media. The pseudoconverted waves degenerate into the typical PSV and PSH waves when the incident medium is azimuthally isotropic. For a vertical fracture set, the AVAz of PSV and PSH waves conveys no more deterministic fracture information than that of PP waves. It is demonstrated that the unambiguous characterization is feasible for a fluid-filled vertical fracture set, whereas it might be not for a gas-filled one. For a tilted fracture set, the fracture normal azimuth can be obtained uniquely from the AVAz of PSV or PSH waves but ambiguously from the PP-wave counterpart. Using multiwave AVAz attributes only gives rather vague estimates of the fracture tilt angle. For vertical and titled fracture sets, numerical model tests demonstrate overall better inversions from jointly using PP and PSV waves than solely using either of them.
“A Dirty Word These Days”: Anglo-Saxonism, Race, and Kinship inGo Set a Watchman
Authors: Gilmore Garrett Bridger
Published: June 2022

This article examines the function of Anglo-Saxon racial kinship in Harper Lee’s 2015 novel Go Set a Watchman, arguing that it obscures the relationship between personal family dynamics and national struggle over desegregation in the late 1950s. For Lee, psychological maturity and political liberty constitute the core features of a mythologized Anglo-Saxon racial inheritance, one shared by her novel’s white characters, and over the course of the novel, as its protagonist Jean Louise Finch rejects psychologically stunted and politically naive colorblind liberalism, she learns to “think racially” and embrace the virtues of massive resistance to integration. The novel’s equation of psychological maturity and white supremacy is key to Jean Louise consistent denial of the centrality of anti-Black violence and oppression throughout the long history of Anglo-Saxon and southern US culture the novel uncritically offers as the true nature of Jim Crow society. By emphasizing Lee’s self-conscious deployment of literary history in her construction of an Anglo-Saxon racial essence, the article distinguishes between the novel’s reactionary critiques of colorblind liberalism and progressive ones traditionally made by Lee’s critics.
Workers Like All the Rest of Them
Authors: Hutchison Elizabeth Quay
Published: June 2022

In Workers Like All the Rest of Them, Elizabeth Quay Hutchison recounts the long struggle for domestic workers’ recognition and rights in Chile across the twentieth century. Hutchison traces the legal and social history of domestic workers and their rights, outlining their transition from slavery to servitude. For most of the twentieth century, domestic service remained one of the key “underdeveloped” sectors in Chile’s modernizing economy. Hutchison argues that the predominance of women in that underpaid, underregulated labor sector provides one key to persistent gender and class inequality. Through archival research, firsthand accounts, and interviews with veteran activists, Hutchison challenges domestic workers’ exclusion from Chilean history and reveals how and under what conditions they mobilized for change, forging alliances with everyone from Catholic Church leaders and legislators to feminists and political party leaders. Hutchison contributes to a growing global conversation among activists and scholars about domestic workers’ rights, providing a lens for understanding how the changing structure of domestic work and worker activism has both perpetuated and challenged forms of ethnic, gender, and social inequality.
In the Skin of the City
Authors: Tomás António
Published: June 2022

With In the Skin of the City, António Tomás traces the history and transformation of Luanda, Angola, the nation’s capital as well as one of the oldest settlements founded by the European colonial powers in the Southern Hemisphere. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research alongside his own experiences growing up in Luanda, Tomás shows how the city’s physical and social boundaries—its skin—constitute porous and shifting interfaces between center and margins, settler and Native, enslaver and enslaved, formal and informal, and the powerful and the powerless. He focuses on Luanda’s “asphalt frontier”—the (colonial) line between the planned urban center and the ad hoc shantytowns that surround it—and the ways squatters are central to Luanda’s historical urban process. In their relationship with the state and their struggle to gain rights to the city, squatters embody the process of negotiating Luanda’s divisions and the sociopolitical forces that shape them. By illustrating how Luanda emerges out of the continual redefinition of its skin, Tomás offers new ways to understand the logic of urbanization in cities across the global South.
Laminar shear stress alleviates monocyte adhesion and atherosclerosis development via miR-29b-3p/CX3CL1 axis regulation
Authors: Pu Luya , Meng Qingyu , Li Shuai , Wang Yaru , Sun Banghao , Liu Bin , Li Fan
Published: June 2022

Laminar shear stress (Lss) is an important anti-atherosclerosis (anti-AS) factor, but its mechanism network is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify how Lss acts against AS formation from a new perspective. In this study, we analyzed high-throughput sequencing data from static and Lss-treated human aortic and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HAECs and HUVECs, respectively) and found that the expression of CX3CL1, which is a target gene closely related to AS development, was lower in the Lss group. Lss alleviated the inflammatory response in TNF-α (also known as TNF)-activated HAECs by regulating the miR-29b-3p/CX3CL1 axis, and this was achieved by blocking nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. In complementary in vivo experiments, a high-fat diet (HFD) induced inflammatory infiltration and plaque formation in the aorta, both of which were significantly reduced after injection of agomir-miRNA-29b-3p via the tail vein into HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice. In conclusion, this study reveals that the Lss-sensitive miR-29b-3p/CX3CL1 axis is an important regulatory target that affects vascular endothelial inflammation and AS development. Our study provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS.
Excellent Enantioselective Organocatalytic One-Pot Desymmetrization of meso-1,2-Diols through Asymmetric Acylation and Silylation by a Chiral 1,2-Diamine Derived from (S)-Proline
Authors: Nakayama Hirofumi , Urai Hitomi , Oriyama Takeshi
Published: June 2022

The one-pot desymmetrization of meso-1,2-diols was successfully performed via their benzoylation, and subsequent silylation to give the corresponding siloxy esters in excellent enantioselectivities. The reduction of these siloxy esters afforded the corresponding β-siloxy alcohols without any loss in enantioselectivity.
Detecting Sleep and Nonwear in 24-h Wrist Accelerometer Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: THAPA-CHHETRY BINOD , ARGUELLO DIEGO JOSE , JOHN DINESH , INTILLE STEPHEN
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Estimating physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep from wrist-worn accelerometer data requires reliable detection of sensor nonwear and sensor wear during both sleep and wake.

Purpose

This study aimed to develop an algorithm that simultaneously identifies sensor wake-wear, sleep-wear, and nonwear in 24-h wrist accelerometer data collected with or without filtering.

Methods

Using sensor data labeled with polysomnography (n = 21) and directly observed wake-wear data (n = 31) from healthy adults, and nonwear data from sensors left at various locations in a home (n = 20), we developed an algorithm to detect nonwear, sleep-wear, and wake-wear for “idle sleep mode” (ISM) filtered data collected in the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The algorithm was then extended to process original raw data collected from devices without ISM filtering. Both algorithms were further validated using a polysomnography-based sleep and wake-wear data set (n = 22) and diary-based wake-wear and nonwear labels from healthy adults (n = 23). Classification performance (F1 scores) was compared with four alternative approaches.

Results

The F1 score of the ISM-based algorithm on the training data set using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation was 0.95 ± 0.13. Validation on the two independent data sets yielded F1 scores of 0.84 ± 0.60 for the data set with sleep-wear and wake-wear and 0.94 ± 0.04 for the data set with wake-wear and nonwear. The F1 score when using original, raw data was 0.96 ± 0.08 for the training data sets and 0.86 ± 0.18 and 0.97 ± 0.04 for the two independent validation data sets. The algorithm performed comparably or better than the alternative approaches on the data sets.

Conclusions

A novel machine-learning algorithm was designed to recognize wake-wear, sleep-wear, and nonwear in 24-h wrist-worn accelerometer data that are applicable for ISM-filtered data or original raw data.
A Fotografia de Augusto Cabrita: contribuições para o fotojornalismo português
Authors: Guimarães-Guedes Denise , Pedro Sousa Jorge
Published: June 2022

Augusto Cabrita é considerado um dos principais nomes do fotojornalismo português no século XX. Seu estilo marca um período em que a fotografia e, em especial, o fotojornalismo, ganhou novas abordagens, mais voltadas ao humano dentro da fotografia. Cabrita foi além e explorou a luz como poucos, criando imagens únicas através de contrastes, sombras e composições geométricas. O fotógrafo é reconhecido por sua obra na televisão e no cinema, no entanto, estudos sobre suas contribuições para o fotojornalismo português são ainda escassos e fragmentados. Este artigo pretende reunir, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e depoimentos de nomes da fotografia portuguesa, aspectos singulares da personalidade e da obra de Augusto Cabrita que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do fotojornalismo em Portugal. Pretende ainda analisar algumas de suas fotografias a partir das teorias de análise de imagem fotojornalística, a fim de identificar as principais características que Cabrita imprimiu à sua obra e que marcam época no fotojornalismo português. A pesquisa conclui que as contribuições de Augusto Cabrita apresentam uma linguagem visual inovadora e marcam uma mudança de paradigma na fotografia jornalística em Portugal.
Case Article—Analysis of Call Center Data at Patelco Credit Union
Authors: Agrawal Narendra
Published: June 2022

This case focuses on operational challenges faced by customer service centers, or call centers. The specific context for these cases is Patelco, which is a California based credit union. Patelco is facing a rising number of complaints about customer service, specifically, about the long delay customers had to face when they called one of Patelco‘s four call centers. The purpose of this case is to expose students to the statistical analysis of some of the raw data, obtained from such an environment, to support the investigation of call center performance. Important managerial insights can be drawn by summarizing the data graphically as well as quantitatively. In particular, the data can be used to show students how to perform a number of useful hypothesis tests, which are often needed to answer important questions that arise when assessing the performance of any system. The outcomes from these analyses can provide important managerial insights. In the operations management literature, and in practice, a number of modeling assumptions are made about the distribution of data to facilitate quantitative analysis. However, these assumptions are often not statistically validated. This case study gives students an opportunity to test such assumptions. This case can be used in graduate and undergraduate classes in Operations Management, Supply Chain Management and Service Operations to review statistical concepts related to the topic of queuing analysis, or in a Statistics class to illustrate data analysis and statistical tests in a real-world context.

Supplemental Material: Supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2022.0272ca and the Teaching Notes and Excel spreadsheet of solutions are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
System analysis and testing of the benefits of online learning based on madrasah e-learning on physics subjects at MAN 2 Semarang City
Authors: Luthfi Muhammad , Susilawati Susilawati , Arsini Arsini
Published: June 2022

This study aims to analyze the application of online learning systems in Physics subjects and test the usability of online learning systems in Physics subjects at MAN 2 Semarang City. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The questionnaire was created using the PIECES framework and the USE Questionnaire, modified using google forms. The research results show that implementing online learning based on e-learning madrasah has been well. All aspects, including performance, information, economics, control, efficiency, and service, show good categories. The usability test with the USE Questionnaire shows a good level of Usability or Usability in all aspects. This study indicates that the e-learning system of MAN 2 Semarang City is feasible and good to use for online learning.
A emergência do discurso de ódio nas publicações do site oficial da Fundação Cultural Palmares
Authors: Sousa Claudemir
Published: June 2022

O clima de polarização política, acirrado no Brasil em 2018, durante e após a campanha eleitoral presidencial, espraiou-se para o domínio da memória e cultura afro-brasileira. Nesse sentido, este artigo objetiva analisar a emergência do discurso de ódio em publicações do site oficial da Fundação Cultural Palmares. Para tanto, montamos uma série enunciativa com doze publicações realizadas entre novembro de 2019 e junho de 2021, concernentes à nova diretoria dessa fundação. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em ler, selecionar, transcrever excertos e analisar os enunciados, guiando-nos pelos princípios da dispersão, regularidade, raridade, exterioridade e acúmulo de Foucault (2008), que possibilitou organizar os enunciados conforme os objetos de que falam, os modos de enunciá-los, os conceitos e as escolhas teóricas mobilizadas. A base teórica repousa nos Estudos Discursivos Foucaultianos, sobretudo no conceito de discurso. Concluímos que o discurso de ódio é mobilizado nos enunciados como uma arma nas relações de poder, nas quais há uma suposta supremacia dos agentes que os produzem sobre seus adversários, esses qualificados negativamente e desautorizados a enunciar.
Perspectives on delivering health promotion for the intellectual disability population
Authors: Anderson Joanne , Wickham Sheelagh
Published: June 2022

The qualitative study reported in this article set out to develop an understanding of how staff supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities deliver health promotion in their practice. The aim was to determine how social care managers working within an intellectual disability care setting in Ireland perceived health promotion and their role within it. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. Participants perceived health promotion to be a priority for this population group that should be tailored to meet individual needs. Study participants recognised that they have a role in supporting and providing health promotion for this population, but also that they themselves required more training and education on the issue. Health promotion enablers identified in the study for this client group need to be enhanced and ways to reduce the barriers to access identified. The results reflect observations reported in the literature and indicate a need to prioritise health promotion with this population by establishing policies and practices in the organisation to promote it. A requirement for relevant training and education for social care managers—and other staff, as appropriate—was identified, as were areas for further research.
The current and future role of nurses within enhanced recovery after surgery pathways
Authors: Wainwright Thomas W , Jakobsen Dorthe Hjort , Kehlet Henrik
Published: June 2022

Background:

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been proven to expedite recovery after many procedures and reduce lengths of stay in hospital and surgical complications. However, improvements are still needed, especially in postoperative ERAS components delivered by nurses such as early mobilisation and oral feeding. This article summarises the current and possible future role of nurses within ERAS, and recommends areas for future research.

Discussion:

Nurses are the professionals who spend the most time with patients throughout the perioperative pathway and are known to play a vital role in delivering many components of an ERAS pathway. They frequently co-ordinate care across disciplines and ensure continuity of care. However, there is a paucity of ERAS research specific to nurses compared to other professional groups. Continual training on ERAS will be required to ensure nurses are highly educated and for the best possible ERAS implementation. In certain types of surgery, nurses may fulfil extended roles in the postoperative period, such as taking over responsibility and leadership for co-ordinating pain management, mobilisation and discharge. However, this requires a well-defined care programme, a clear definition of nursing responsibilities from surgeons, agreed discharge criteria and highly qualified nurses, along with the collection and analysis of data to test safety and efficacy.

Conclusion:

Increasing nurse involvement in ERAS research is vital to drive improvements in care and to develop nursing roles. Nurses should have a major role in the preoperative clinic, the early postoperative phase and the follow-up post-discharge period, where the benefits of ERAS need to be further documented.
The impact of nutrition on pressure ulcer healing
Authors: Manley Sarah , Mitchell Aby
Published: June 2022

Pressure ulcers are debilitating and often painful problem, particularly in people who are elderly, immobile and/or obese. It is estimated that more than 100 000 new pressure ulcers develop each year. These wounds are caused by friction and shear and are particularly prevalent in older people, where malnutrition can be a factor in their development. Nutrition plays a key role in pressure ulcer care because wounds need both macronutrients and micronutrients to heal. It is essential that nurses understand the role of nutrition in pressure ulcer management.