bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Een eenvoudig historicus
Authors: Mout M.E.H.N.
Published: September 2015

E.H. Kossmann, Politieke theorie en geschiedenis. Verspreide opstellen en voordrachten, aangeboden aan de schrijver bij zijn aftreden als hoogleraar aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dutch-Asiatic shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries
Authors: Broeze F.J.A.
Published: September 2015

J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra, I. Schöffer, Dutch-Asiatic shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries, I, Introductory volume
J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra, I. Schöffer, Dutch-Asiatic shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries, II, Outward-bound voyages from the Netherlands to Asia and the Cape (1595-1794)
J.R. Bruijn, F.S. Gaastra, I. Schöffer, Dutch-Asiatic shipping in the 17th and 18th centuries, III, Homeward-bound voyages from Asia and the Cape to the Netherlands (1597-1795)
Politik und Gesellschaft. Die Renaissance des historischen Interesses am Politischen
Authors: Schilling H.
Published: September 2015

G.O. van de Klashorst, H.W. Blom, E.O.G. Haitsma Mulier, Bibliography of Dutch seventeenth century political thought. An annotated inventory, 1581-1710
I.W. Wildenberg, Johan en Pieter de la Court (1622-1660) en (1618-1685). Bibliografie en receptiegeschiedenis. Gids tot de studie van een oeuvre
H.W. Blom, I.W. Wildenberg, Pieter de la Court en zijn tijd. Aspecten van een veelzijdig publicist (1618-1685). Voordrachten gehouden op het De la Court symposium, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 26 april 1985
Over '86 en '92 en daarna. Kuypers gereformeerde wereld herdacht
Authors: Schutte G.J.
Published: September 2015

D. Deddens, M. te Velde, Vrijmaking  wederkeer. Vijftig jaar vrijmaking in beeld gebracht 1944-1994
G. Harinck, M. te Velde, 1944 en vervolgens. Tien maal over vijftig jaar vrijmaking
F.A. van Lieburg, De stille luyden. Bevindelijk gereformeerden in de negentiende eeuw
De Nederlandse stadshistoriografie in internationaal perspectief. Een geschiedtheoretische analyse
Authors: Jansen H.S.J.
Published: September 2015

E. Taverne, I. Visser, Stedebouw. De geschiedenis van de stad in de Nederlanden van 1500 tot heden
R.E. van der Woude, Leeuwarden 1850-1914. De modernisering van een provinciehoofdstad
'De jaren vijftig' en 'De jaren zestig'
Authors: Blom J.C.H.
Published: September 2015

J.A. Righart, De eindeloze jaren zestig. Geschiedenis van een generatieconflict
P. Luykx, P. Slot, Een stille revolutie? Cultuur en mentaliteit in de lange jaren vijftig
J.C. Kennedy, Nieuw Babylon in aanbouw. Nederland in de jaren zestig
'Oorloghsvloeck en Vredens Zegen'. Madrid, Brussel en de Zuid-Nederlandse Staten over oorlog en vrede met de Republiek, 1621-1648
Authors: Vermeir R.
Published: September 2015

'The curse of war and the blessing of peace'. Madrid, Brussels and the states of the Southern Low Countries on war and peace with the Republic between 1621- 1648The key issue that will be discussed in this paper is the relationship in the first half of the seventeenth century between the king and, on the one hand, his councillors in the core state of Castile and, on the other, the governmental elite (local and Spanish) in the Southern Low Countries. The Southern Low Countries were at this time a dependent territory in the composite Spanish-Habsburg monarchy. The paper analyses and explains the line of conduct of the highest representatives of the crown in Brussels, as well as the attitude of the local elite towards the politics of confrontation, decided in Madrid, with the Republic and France.
Heldenmoed, huwelijkstrouw en vrouweneer. Bakhuizen van den Brink en de 'nijvere huisbestierster' Brecht Proosten († ca. 1592)
Authors: Kloek E.
Published: September 2015

'Heroism, marital fidelity and women's honour'. Bakhuizen van den Brink and the 'diligent housewife'. Brecht Proosten († circa 1592)'Heroism, marital fidelity and women's honour' is an account of the quest for Brecht Proosten, a 'diligent housewife' and contemporary of the Dutch writer Vondel, who was praised by the historian Bakhuizen van den Brink, in his famous article 'Vondel met Roskam en Rommelpot'(Gids, 1837), though he failed to explain why she was so exemplary. The story is all about the wife of Kies, Mayor of Haarlem who hid her husband in the family home during the wave of religious persecutions under the reign of the Duke of Alva. She almost gave her husband away by becoming pregnant, but rather than betray him she sacrificed her reputation instead by telling the sheriff that the child could have been fathered by almost anyone. Bakhuizen must have read this story in Hooft's Histoorien (1642). In another publication (1843) Bakhuizen praised her for not mincing her words, however, not all of his contemporaries agreed with him on this point. During the first half of the 19th Century the story of Brecht Proosten's marital fidelity was frequently recounted, though it was noticeable that most authors only dared to write about it in covert terms. When Bakhuizen's ex-fiancée, the famous author Truitje Toussaint, removed the 'sting' from the tale in 1850 by leaving out the episode about the questionable fatherhood and her willingness to sacrifice her reputation, Brecht Proosten finally fell into oblivion.
Economische geschiedenis met een menselijk gezicht
Authors: Zanden J.L. van , Riel A. van
Published: September 2015

The Human Face of Economic HistoryIn response to the reviews written about Nederland 1780-1914. Staat, instituties en economische ontwikkeling by Griffiths & De Jong and Fritschy, we have sketched the theoretical framework of the above-mentioned book, and in particular the central role played by New Institutional Economics in developing this framework. We argue that by choosing this framework we have been able to write an economic history with a human face, that is we were able to focus on the role played by the state and by (pressure groups of) entrepreneurs, farmers and labourers in defining the rules of the game, and in steering the process of economic development in this way. A revised version of the book will be published as 'The Strictures of Inheritance' by Princeton University Press in 2003. This response is part of the discussion forum Nederland 1780-1914 (J.L. van Zanden, A. van Riel).
'1800' Ter discussie. Een repliek
Authors: Mijnhardt W.W.
Published: September 2015

In '1800 a reply' the various reviews of Blauwdrukken vooreen samenleving [Blueprints for living together] are dealt with. The most interesting criticism was put forward by Frank Ankersmit. According to him, Dutch intellectual culture after 1750 failed to make the transition to intellectual modernity. The Republic's literati remained prisoners of the Cartesian culture that in the 17th century had been responsible for their central position in the cosmopolitan Republic of Letters. This reply contends that the opposition of a unified intellectual Europe on the road to modernity versus a unified Republic that was intellectually backward-looking does not do justice to the cosmopolitan character of European culture. In Blauwdrukken it is argued that in the 18th century differences between national cultures were slight and that European authors (including the Dutch) shared a common vocabulary and a common set of intellectual instruments. What made the Dutch stand out was that their problems differed from those in surrounding aristocratic and monarchical countries. As a result, most solutions debated in these countries did not fit the problems of the Republic. The Republic had to beat out its own path to modernity. It not only did so in the field of intellectual culture, but also in the areas of politics, economics and the arts. This response is part of the discussion forum IJkpunt 1800.
Antwoord
Authors: Bank J.
Published: September 2015

A historiography centred around the year 1900 produced a synchronic, not a diachronic, view. The kaleidoscopic character of the present monograph is therefore consistent with the basic options of the whole project. During their years of research ( 1992-2000) the authors were inspired, or became inspired, by three themes in particular: the obvious optimism that people living in 1900 had for the state of the nation and the arts; a retrospective on immigration at the turn of the century; and, the fact that the processes of secularisation and religious revival took place at the same time during the decades around 1900. This response is part of the discussion forum IJkpunt 1900.
Militaire collaboratie in België tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog
Authors: Wever B. de
Published: September 2015

Military collaboration in Belgium during World War II, Bruno de WeverFinding concrete information about military collaboration in the countries occupied by Germany during WWII is not easy because of the masses of apologetic and purely military literature. Good quality, scholarly publications are not available. This article presents a survey of Belgium. The country had 42,000 military collaborators, but there was no 'Belgian' military collaboration as such because, for political reasons only, Walloon and Flemish (para) military organizations were formed. The Walloon military collaboration served the ambitions of the Rex-leader, Léon Degrelle. He pushed the Walloon Legion into the Waffen-SS and made the Rexist paramilitary organizations part of the SS-complex. In Flanders, military collaboration was dominated by the rivalry between the Flemish-nationalist Flemish National League (VNV) and the GreaterGermanic and SS-orientated German-Flemish Labour organization. After the incorporation of the Flemish Legion into the Waffen-SS, the VNV gambled on the paramilitary organizations under its supposed political control. It lost its influence with the integration of these organizations into the German Army and the Waffen-SS.
De opmars van de militaire geschiedenis
Authors: Klinkert W.
Published: September 2015

J.R. Bruijn, C.B. Wels, Met man en macht. De militaire geschiedenis van Nederland 1550-2000
Geweld in de polder
Authors: Rooy P. de
Published: September 2015

Violence in the poldersThere is a staunch Whig tradition in Dutch historiography coupled with a strong inclination to emphasize moderation and tolerance as key features in Dutch history. The explanation for the relatively low level of violence, however, is rather weak or missing altogether. This article presents a case that links the low level of violence to three positive factors: the Netherlands was situated, geopolitically speaking, in the eye of the storm; there were relatively few cases of famine; and, it had no iron and coal basins that could easily be exploited. Violence, therefore, tended to manifest itself in the form of strict social control: specifically developed through the process of keeping tight control of religious differences, which culminated in the system of pillarization in the nineteenth century and continued as a means of suppressing the class war. This throws some light on one specific aspect of modern Dutch history, namely that far from being weak (as maintained in the Whig tradition), the state and societal organizations strengthened each other, as a result of which they were able to dispel all manner of unrest and discontent.
'C'estoit comme songe et mocquerie de parler de pardon.' Obstructie bij een pacificatiemaatregel (1566-1567)
Authors: Soen V.
Published: September 2015

‘C’estoit comme songe et mocquerie de parler de pardon.’ Blocking a peace initiative (1566-1567)After the Compromise of the Nobles and a spurt of iconoclasm in 1566, a general pardon — a collective amnesty — was repeatedly proposed as a strategy to pacify the Low Countries and reaffirm royal power. This article describes how and why the suggestion to issue a general pardon provoked policymakers in Brussels and Madrid to place major obstacles in its path, even though the collective amnesty was in fact drawn up as a salutary measure. Alternate reactions from key players such as Philip II, Margarita de Parma, the Duke of Alba and Cardinal Granvelle actually corresponded to well-defined patterns and conceptions of issuing a pardon.
Max Weber in The Netherlands 1903-1907. A neglected episode in the early history of 'The Protestant Ethic
Authors: Ghosh P.
Published: September 2015

Max Weber in the NetherlandsThis article has two main aims. First, it explores the treatment of the Netherlands in Max Weber’s canonical essays on the Protestant Ethic. This is a real history and not simply a static exploration of a text, since Weber’s attitudes towards Dutch religion (though not capitalism) shifted considerably after he first drafted the Protestant Ethic in 1904-1905. His engagement with the Dutch was a central part of the revision of the text that took place in 1906-1908, a period which also saw the writing of the companion essay on ‘the Protestant sects.’ Here is a phase in the history of this work which has been neglected hitherto; and yet the final text of the Protestant Ethic, as it was issued in 1920, was primarily a work of the years 1904-1908. By 1920 it was, as Weber said, an ‘older’ work. The second aim is to cast light on this history.
Een rode draad voor een blauw verhaal. De links-liberale uitwerking van mimetische representatie en de opvattingen over democratisch burgerschap in België, 1893-1900
Authors: Röttger R.
Published: September 2015

A red thread running through a blue story. The leftist-liberal result of mimetic representation and the views on democratic citizenship in Belgium, 1893- 1900.During the 1890s, Belgium was a laboratory for political innovations in the eyes of contemporary politicians and scholars. The liberals who identified themselves with the classic parliamentary government were very uneasy with the introduction of universal suffrage. This article examines the representation question from the point of view of the Belgian Parti Progressiste. This radical liberal political party tried to implement its republican ideas of citizenship in order to make the electorate and ‘the people’ into one and the same. This vision, coined as ‘mimetic representation’, consisted of simultaneous efforts in party formation with a constitutional reform programme. The blueprint for reform consisted of three Rs: proportional representation, representation of interests, and the referendum. This article is part of the special issue 'Parlementen in de Nederlanden'.
Recensieartikel over J. Drentje, Thorbecke
Authors: Ankersmit F.R.
Published: September 2015

J. Drentje, Thorbecke. Een filosoof in de politiek
Enclaves van leed en werkelijkheid; wiens trauma is 'Srebrenica' eigenlijk?
Authors: Graaff B.G.J. de
Published: September 2015

R. van den Boogaard, Zilverstad. De Haagse verduistering van het drama-SrebrenicaC. Banning, P. de Koning, Balkan aan de Noordzee. Over het Joegoslavië-tribunaal, over recht en onrechtH. Praamsma, J. Peekel, T. Boumans, Herinneringen aan Srebrenica. 171 SoldatengesprekkenE. Suljagic, E. Vulliamy, L. Haveric, Postcards from the grave, afterword by Vulliamy, E., translated by L. HavericL.P.C. Ruigrok, Journalism of attachment. Dutch newspapers during the Bosnian warA. van Loon, Vrouwen van SrebrenicaJ. VanIerberghe, Kroniek van onmacht. Sarajevo, Srebrenica... tien jaar later Bob de Graaff, Enclaves of truth and anguish; whose trauma is ‘Srebrenica’ anyway? In 2005,ten years after the fall of the so-called ‘safearea’ of Srebrenica where a Dutch UN-battalion had been deployed to deter a Serb attack on the Bosnian Muslim enclave, several books were published on the war in Bosnia-Herzogovina (1992-1995). These publications examined the war’s aftermath and the way in which people came to terms with it. The author shows how the different groups involved in the tragedy at the time  Bosnian Muslims and Dutch politicians, journalists and soldiers  – all had their own separate ways of committing their pain to memory, there by giving the impression that each one of them had a monopoly on the truth and that their traumatic experience was unique.
Discussie over de metamorfose van Nederland
Authors: Haan I. de
Published: September 2015

N.C.F. van Sas, De metamorfose van Nederland. Van oude orde naar moderniteit, 1750-1900 Ido de Haan, N.C.F. van Sas, De metamorphose van Nederland The collection of articles, which N.C.F. van Sas wrote over the course of two decades, reflect a shift in the periodization of Dutch history; away from the beginning of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands in 1813, to what Van Sas describes  as the birth of modern politics in the Netherlands in the Patriot Revolt in the 1780s. His version of the modernization of Dutch society, a the meal so discussed in the socio-economic history of Jan Luiten van Zanden and Arthur van Riel, and the cultural approach of Joost Kloek and Wijnand Mijnhardt, stresses the political aspects of the metamorphosis in the Dutch Sattelzeit. Van Sas convincingly shows how this politicization of cultural ideals, and the revolutionary zeal with which this was practised, was not just an import from France but part and parcel of tendencies that were already present within Dutch society around 1800. Disappointingly, however, Van Sas refrains from giving a more general evaluation of the political reconstruction and innovation that took shape in the early nineteenth century, there by missing the opportunity to link these episodes to the discussion about the constitutional transition after 1848 and the renewed nationalism at the end of the nineteenth century. This review is part of the discussion forum 'De metamorfose van Nederland' (N.C.F. van Sas).
De verloren strijd voor één universiteit in België, 1814-1835
Authors: Dhondt Pieter
Published: September 2015

Pieter Dhondt, The lost campaign for one single university in Belgium, 1814-1835After the defeat of Napoleon and the disappearance of the existing institutions for higher education, the struggle for a university flared up between a number of Belgian cities. Countless pamphlets were published in quick succession; many defended the establishment of one single university, others argued that several institutions should be set up. All of them supported the idea of a university in their own city. Few people were satisfied with the autocratic decision of Wilhelm I in 1816 to establish three state universities. Towards the end of the 1820s the issue came up again. The establishment of free universities after the revolution added an ideological component to the debate. It was only in 1835 that an agreement was finally reached on the number of universities and their location. The compromise was far from clear and, as had been the case fifteen years earlier, those advocating the concentration of all intellectual and financial resources into one singleinstitution had lost their case.
Dubbelzinnigheid als historische deugd. Een antwoord aan Knegtmans, Zondergeld en Caljé
Authors: Berkel Klaas van
Published: September 2015

Klaas van Berkel, Ambiguity as an historical virtue. A response to Knegtmans, Zondergeld and CaljéAcademic illusions is indeed a rather ambiguous book, but that does not excuse a reviewer from the obligation to cite it correctly. Had Knegtmans in fact done this, he would have acknowledged that the University of Groningen, where the ideals of the academic community were adhered to so strongly, was indeed representative of the common academic pattern in the Netherlands, whereas the denominational universities deviated from this pattern only temporarily. In the case of Zondergeld, the habit of misreading crucial sentences seems to indicate an unwillingness to acknowledge that there are more ways of looking at so-called facts and people’s behaviour than just one. Caljé on the other hand does indeed recognize the ambiguity of the past, but fails to appreciate the essential ambiguity of the university. He is correct in stressing the political element in the history of the university, but forgets that the university also professes to be functionally detached from society. This repsonse is part of the discussion forum 'Academische illusies' (K. van Berkel).
Grondslagen van verandering. Assimilatie en differentiatie van het Antwerpse boekbedrijf in de tweede helft van de zeventiende eeuw
Authors: Verhoeven Gerrit
Published: September 2015

The foundations of change. Integration and diversification in the Antwerp book trade during the second half of the seventeenth centuryWar, ruthless international competition, high import and export duties on books, and unforeseeable changes in the taste of readers all posed a serious threat to the survival of the book trade in the Southern Netherlands during the late seventeenth century. Nevertheless, some Brabantine printers not only survived the crisis they even managed to prosper. This article provides additional insights into the survival strategies adopted at the time based on material from the archives of Balthazar II Moretus’ Officina Plantiniana and the medium-sized publishing house of Hieronymus III Verdussen. Although both entrepreneurs reacted to the crisis by imposing harsh reforms, restructuring, and implementing innovative techniques such as sale on approval, their actual management choices differed greatly. The Officina Plantiniana focused more on the industrial component by opting for large-scale printing. Moretus cut back deliveries to smaller markets and dealers and concentrated on the major booksellers instead as they were able to order in bulk and resell the books to their smaller colleagues which meant that he no longer had to pay for transport and marketing. Moretus also abandoned the inefficient barter system and insisted upon cash payments so that he no longer had to take on books with a limited market value. Verdussen on the other hand followed a completely different path and seemed to renounce printing. He outsourced more and more printing work to jobbing printers in Germany or the United Provinces, thereby externalizing the risk of overstocking or losing out due to a drop in demand. By cultivating a number of advantageous alliances, Verdussen was also able to drastically reduce his custom and transport costs. As the registers of their guild reveals, in order to survive the crisis the majority of publishers in Antwerp chose Verdussen’s course of commercial capitalism as opposed to the industrial approach followed by Moretus.
Marginality, morality, and the nationalist impulse: Papua, the Netherlands and Indonesia: a review article. Discussie over Een daad van vrije keuze
Authors: Elson R.E.
Published: September 2015

P.J. Drooglever, Een daad van vrije keuze. De Papoea's van westelijk Nieuw-Guinea en de grenzen van het zelfbeschikkingsrecht (Amsterdam, Den Haag 2005). Marginality, morality, and the nationalist impulse: Papua, the Netherlands and Indonesia: a review articleDrooglever’s large and detailed analysis of the course of ‘West New Guinea problem’ demonstrates a mastery of sources and of the skills of synthesis, and will certainly become the definitive work on the subject.  The book may be read at many levels, as a story of Dutch imperial decline and diplomatic failure, of Indonesian powerlessness, and of Papuan victimhood, as the Dutch refused to concede New Guinea, attempted to develop an indigenous Papuan political capacity, and were finally overwhelmed by a combination of Indonesian determination and the changing circumstances of international politics.  The book’s greatest weakness, just like the post-war Dutch policy which is its subject, is its failure to appreciate the strength, depth and moral force of Indonesian nationalism, something reflected not only in the one-sided moral tone of the book, but also in its failure to analyse Indonesian sources and attitudes with sufficient seriousness. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Een daad van vrije keuze' (P.J. Drooglever).
Het noodlot van de burgemeester in oorlogstijd
Authors: Bosscher D.
Published: September 2015

P. Romijn, Burgemeesters in oorlogstijd. Besturen onder Duitse bezetting (Amsterdam 2006)The fate of the mayor in times of warIn this book review the author argues that Peter Romijn has produced a very sophisticated and beautifully written study about the predicament of local authorities (mayors) in the Netherlands during World War II. Not too long ago it became rather fashionable to discuss the behaviour of the Dutch administrative elite (and of the population as a whole, for that matter) during that era in disparaging terms. Terms that refused to see things clearly in black and white as all this wave of observers could see was greyness. The time had come for an exhaustive study by a scholar who would take it upon himself to approach the subject with an open mind and to create new intellectual space for a precise definition of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ practice by administrators in times that were not only very hard but most ambiguous as well. Peter Romijn has demonstrated a keen awareness of what was at stake and has proved to be a very wise judge.
Spreken vanuit het graf. De stoffelijke resten van Willem van Oranje in hun politiek-culturele betekenis
Authors: Santing C.
Published: September 2015

Voice from the Grave. The politico-cultural relevance of the mortal remains of William of OrangeBalthazar Gerards’ murder of William of Orange on July 10th, 1584 is a canonical fact in Dutch history, but thus far this significant event has not yet been analysed on its own merits, i.e. in terms of the material disposition of his assassinated body. Hence, this article examines the literal and figurative - or cultural and material - handling of the physical remains of William the Silent and their subsequent iconification and deification. The historiographical background and intellectual inspiration for this article are provided by the work of Ernst Kantorowic’s pupil Ralph Giesey, Agostino Paravicini Bagliani and Joanna Woodward. All authors point to the increasingly lavish pomp and circumstance of monarchical funeral culture, which was imitated by Europe’s high aristocracy. The autopsy on William the Silent’s corpse was completed with a meticulous embalming. The preserved body and its subsequent lying in state amidst an extensive funerary apparatus and the full pompa of the burial ceremony contained numerous reminiscences of Charles V Brussels’ funeral, in which the Prince had played a prominent role. Also, after having examined the sculptural iconography of Hendrik de Keyser’s mausoleum in Delft’s Nieuwe Kerk, it can be concluded that the significance of William the Silent’s murdered body was much more royal and catholic than traditional historiographical views on the Dutch Republic would lead us to suspect.
Indiëgangers: sociale herkomst en migratiemotieven (1830-1950). Een onderzoek op basis van de Historische Steekproef Nederlandse bevolking (HSN)
Authors: Bosma U. , Mandemakers K.
Published: September 2015

Dutch People who went to the Dutch East Indies: Social Origins and Motives to Migrate (1830-1950). A Study based on an Historical Sample taken in the NetherlandsUp until now, very little has been known about the social background of the Dutch who went to the Dutch East Indies during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. On the basis of the Historical Sample of the Netherlands, we have been able to reconstruct the influence of the local context and social background on individual decisions to leave for these colonies. A marked feature of this colonial migration is its urban character. This is in sharp contrast to the migration of the Dutch to the United States, which had a strong rural basis. For ordinary soldiers, their urban background played a particularly important role in their decision to leave for the Dutch East Indies. Contrary to what we expected, the milieu of the unskilled urban proletariat was under-represented among the migrants to the Dutch East Indies. Apparently, engaging for colonial military service, even as an ordinary soldier, was considered to be a serious option for sons from the lower middle classes and artisans of the Dutch cities. Finally, the article demonstrates that the higher classes were over-represented among those who left for the Dutch East Indies.
'De schoone staat van Nederland'
Authors: Meyer H.
Published: September 2015

The Pristine State of the NetherlandsThe main benefit of Van der Woud’s book is its detailed description of the process of physical unification of the new Dutch nation state through the establishment of an infrastructure for traffic, transport and communication. This new infrastructure was accompanied by a radical change in the appearance of the Dutch landscape. Increasingly during the nineteenth century, the ‘authenticity’ and ‘unique character’ of the Dutch landscape came to be valued and respected. Those who supported this ideal of ‘authenticity’ would have been horrified at the establishment of a new infrastructure. It is highly probable that this critique was a response to the new aesthetic of the modern infrastructure. It therefore comes as a surprise to this author that Van der Woud did not focus on this controversy at all. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Een nieuwe wereld' (A. van der Woud).
Van bescheiden humanist tot vechtjas. Viglius van Aytta en de crisis van 1566-1567
Authors: Postma F.
Published: September 2015

From Modest Humanist to Argumentative Aggressor. Viglius van Aytta and the Crisis of 1566-1567In this essay I examine the dealings of the president of the Privy Council of the Netherlands, Viglius van Aytta (1507-1577) between the presentation of the Request of the Lower Nobility in April 1566 and the departure of Alva and his army from Italy a year later. Since Motley, Fruin and Bakhuizen van den Brink in the nineteenth century reinvented the Dutch Revolt, Viglius, in spite of his intellect and office, has not been held in high esteem. At best he was considered to be mediocre, and at worst a coward. The most recent verdict on Viglius was passed by H.G. Koenigsberger who referred to him in 2001 as ‘an intelligent if unimaginative lawyer from Friesland’. My essay is an attempt to refute this incorrect image. I do this by looking at the way Viglius handled the crisis of 1566-1567 in the first and the second town of the Netherlands, Brussels and Antwerp.
Adel in meervoud. Methodologische beschouwingen over comparatief adelsonderzoek in de Bourgondische Nederlanden
Authors: Damen M. , Janse A.
Published: September 2015

Plural Nobility. Some Methodological Remarks on Comparative Research of the Nobility in the Burgundian Low CountriesWhen applying the prosopographical method to the late medieval nobility of the Low Countries, several methodological problems come to the fore. Late medieval sources usually do not label individuals as noble, thus complicating efforts to define a clear-cut population. Therefore, researchers usually combine different criteria to reconstruct the nobility. When comparing nobilities in different principalities of the Low Countries, as is our aim, this approach will inevitably result in serious distortions. Therefore, in this article we propose to create four different populations, each based on a single, uniform and sourcebased criterium: knightly title, possession of a seigniory, possession of a castle and participation in the Estates. This will enable us to make well-founded comparisons of the nobility in different principalities and in different times, thereby providing a solid base for more general conclusions to be drawn about the dynamics of the nobility in the late medieval Low Countries. This article is part of the special issue 'The history of the nobility in the Netherlands and Belgium'.
Imperialism, Colonialism and Genocide. The Dutch Case for an International History of the Holocaust
Authors: Haan Ido de
Published: September 2015

During the past three decades, the historiography of the persecution of the Jews in the Netherlands has been dominated by attempts to resolve ‘the Dutch paradox’: the contrast between the tolerant reputation of the Netherlands on the one hand, and the large numbers of Dutch Jews that perished on the other. Attempts to resolve this paradox often look for specifically Dutch characteristics, thereby neglecting factors of an international nature that had a particular impact in the Netherlands. Attention is devoted in these contribution to German imperialism, which had special ramifications for the persecution of Dutch Jews; to the implications for population policy of the colonial regime that arose in the Netherlands, and to the social compartmentalisation and propaganda that accompanied these genocidal policies. This international perspective leads to new questions for the Dutch case, while this case sheds new light on the international history of the persecution of the Jews. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
Verschillende opvattingen over taak en wezen van geschiedschrijving
Authors: Henkes Barbara
Published: September 2015

Different Views on the Role and Nature of HistoryIn his defence of the documentary series De Oorlog [The War], Hans Blom stresses how recent studies, new source material and proven forms of presentation determined this renewed public history of the Second World War. In doing so, he and the television team would have managed to avoid political and moral positions. Instead, I emphasize that – since Hayden White at the latest – we know only too well how the selection and combination of any kind of information are crucial to the histories we present and the political/moral  messages that are implied. This exchange reveals the substantial differences in our views on the role and nature of history and I hope it will stimulate more critical assessments of audio-visual histories. This article is part of the forum 'De Oorlog'.
Schipperen op de Aziatische vaart. De financiering van de voc kamer Enkhuizen, 1602-1622
Authors: Schalk Ruben , Gelderblom Oscar , Jonker Joost
Published: September 2015

Negotiating the Asiatic Route: Financing the Dutch East India Company, Enkhuizen Chamber, 1602-1622During its first twenty years the Dutch East India Company, or voc, struggled with the disadvantages of operations being spread over six local chambers, as imposed by its 1602 charter. Mirroring the Dutch Republic’s urban particularism, this operational fragmentation effectively bankrupted chambers if ships failed to return. Using the ledgers of Enkhuizen, one of the smaller chambers, we detail the difficulties with which it grappled and chart the slow process of overcoming them through the harmonisation of administrative procedures and other trust-building measures. These culminated in the company directors claiming limited liability for debt, which until now they were generally thought to have possessed from the start.
De Slavernij is onze geschiedenis (niet). Over de discursieve strijd om de betekenis van de ntr- televisieserie De Slavernij
Authors: Jones Guno
Published: September 2015

Slavery is (Not) Our History: On the Public Debate and Divergent Meanings of the NTR Television Series Slavery This article discusses the debates that followed the broadcasting of Dutch NTR-television series Slavery (De Slavernij) in 2011. While the series was aimed at informing the general public about this silenced part of Dutch history, the subsequent debates on the series revealed fault lines in Dutch society with regard to ideas on how to know and represent slavery adequately. Although most participants, in line of a positivist epistemology, made appeals to historical facts, these debates clearly demonstrated how knowledge and representations of slavery are positioned in a social and academic field that is always characterised by power relations. Postcolonial critics, whose voices are underrepresented in Dutch academia and media, held very different perspectives on the nature of ‘valid’ paradigms, ‘true’ facts, ‘proper’ interpretations, ‘appropriate’ historical referents and representations concerning slavery to people who praised the series. These polarised debates pose the question of how to engage with the history of slavery without resorting to (biological) essentialism that is precisely one of its potent legacies ‘we’ want to overcome.
Everything is Tottering: Why Philosophy of History Thrives in Times of Crisis
Authors: Paul Herman
Published: September 2015

The philosophy of history is unlikely to disappear in a world beset by crises. Crises, understood as anomalies in how people conceive of their past-present relationships, serve as impetuses rather than as obstacles to philosophy of history. The more societies wonder whether economic growth is endless, or whether children in the West will ever reach the prosperity levels of their parents or how growing burdens of public debt will affect the ‘social contract between the generations’, the more likely they are to rethink their inherited past-present relationships. In a sense then, philosophy is a crisis phenomenon: the genre thrives in times of uncertainty. This does not imply that philosophy of history will always be taught in academic history departments: the genre has often, not to say usually, been practiced by non-historians. Historians might want to consider though, how well they serve their societies if they allow the philosophy of history to be practiced without the critical checks and balances of professional historiography. This article is part of the forum 'Theoretical History'.
A Wind of Change on Java’s Ruined Temples: Archaeological Activities, Imperial Circuits and Heritage Awareness in Java and the Netherlands (1800-1850)
Authors: Bloembergen Marieke , Eickhoff Martijn
Published: September 2015

This article focuses on early archaeological activities on Java between 1800 and 1850 in the context of the multiple regime changes of that period. It engages with the New Imperial History’s network-centred approach by looking at circuits of archaeological knowledge gathering in which not empire, but Java’s ruined Hindu and Buddhist temple sites provide ‘the nodal points’. By tracing how people, objects and ideas travelled via these sites, and between the Netherlands and the colony, the article aims to understand the origins and nature of heritage awareness of the modern colonial state. It argues that this archaeological site-centred approach helps us understand how both European concepts and indigenous appropriations of archaeological sites contributed to the development of heritage awareness. There were complex multilayered power-hierarchies at work at these sites and forms of indigenous agency that we might miss if we follow only empire-centred networks. This article is part of the special issue 'A New Dutch Imperial History'.
From New Netherland to ‘New Zeeland’
Authors: Krabbendam Hans
Published: September 2015

Evan Haefeli’s book (New Netherland and the Dutch Origins of American ReligiousLiberty (Philadelphia 2012)) corrects the wide-spread belief that the Dutch in colonial America were responsible for introducing religious tolerance in the New World. Instead, he shows convincingly how the concept of tolerance as an ideal was never the plan, but the practical outcome of a process of dynamic power relationships which turned out to be more tolerant than most other nations. He explains how this idea of the Dutch as the founders of tolerance emerged and how events in the Dutch Republic and its colonies shaped practices and policies in New Netherland. This book is instructive about the impact of national boundaries on religious loyalties in the early modern period and contributes to the current debate about religious tolerance.
A Higher Form of Hermeneutics?: The Digital Humanities in Political Historiography
Authors: Beyen Marnix
Published: September 2015

Rens Bod’s optimism with regard to digital research tools also seems to be justified for the field of political history. In particular, these tools will enable us to ask questions that were hitherto unthinkable, and try to answer them on an unenvisaged scale. Unlike that which Bod suggests, however, this development will not bring us closer to revealing some alleged universal patterns in history and therefore herald a new era of Positivism. On the contrary, the digital research tools will show us manifold differences, both diachronic and synchronic, in the way (groups of) political actors identified themselves and gave meaning to the world surrounding them. Moreover, they will enable us to relate these differences to a broad range of social variables. If we really want to test the validity of these relationships however, we will have to actually interpret the texts and read them hermeneutically in their precise historical contexts. This article is part of the forum 'The End of the Humanities 1.0'.
Who's afraid of Patterns?: The Particular versus the Universal and the Meaning of Humanities 3.0
Authors: Bod Rens
Published: September 2015

The advent of Digital Humanities has enabled scholars to identify previously unknown patterns in the arts and letters; but the notion of pattern has also been subject to debate. In my response to the authors of this Forum, I argue that ‘pattern’ should not be confused with universal pattern. The term pattern itself is neutral with respect to being either particular or universal. Yet the testing and discovery of patterns – be they local or global – is greatly aided by digital tools. While such tools have been beneficial for the humanities, numerous scholars lack a sufficient grasp of the underlying assumptions and methods of these tools. I argue that in order to criticise and interpret the results of digital humanities properly, scholars must acquire a good working knowledge of the underlying tools and methods. Only then can digital humanities be fully integrated (humanities 3.0) with time-honoured (humanities 1.0) tools of hermeneutics and criticism. This article is part of the forum 'The End of the Humanities 1.0'.
Een klein land dat de wereld bestormt. Het nieuwe Rijksmuseum en het Nederlandse koloniale verleden
Authors: Bloembergen Marieke , Eickhoff Martijn
Published: September 2015

A Small Country that takes the World by Storm: The New Rijksmuseum and the Dutch Colonial PastIn this essay Marieke Bloembergen and Martijn Eickhoff analyse the ways ‘history’ and ‘art’ have been integrated in the new Rijksmuseum’s colonial sections. They argue that – in the selection and presentation of objects – the history of the Museum’s collections and recent historiography on colonialism have been subordinated to art-historical connoisseurship, and to the idea that objects can evoke an understanding of the past in themselves. Thus the colonial sections follow predominantly the frameworks and storylines from the nineteenth century. This, while the same collection could have shown how the Netherlands – today, and in colonial times – is part of a complex world that might generate the need for univocal ‘national’ clarities, but that in the end only gains from a combination of curiosity, self-reflection and space for others.Marieke Bloembergen en Martijn Eickhoff onderzoeken in dit essay hoe deintegratie van geschiedenis en kunst in het nieuwe Rijksmuseum heeft uitgepakt voor de koloniale opstellingen. Bij de selectie en presentatie van voorwerpen zijn verzamelgeschiedenis en recente historiografie over kolonialisme ondergeschikt gemaakt aan kunsthistorisch connaisseurschap, en aan de gedachte dat voorwerpen vanzelf inzicht in het verleden kunnen oproepen. De koloniale opstellingen volgen aldus overwegend de kaders en verhaallijnen van de negentiende eeuw. Dat gebeurt terwijl diezelfde collectie bij uitstek kan laten zien hoe Nederland– tegenwoordig, en in koloniale tijden – deel uitmaakt van een complexe wereld die weliswaar de behoefte doet ontstaan aan eenduidige ‘nationale’ zekerheden, maar die uiteindelijk vooral baat heeft bij een combinatie van nieuwsgierigheid, zelfreflectie en ruimte voor anderen.
G.Th.A. Calkoen, Onder studenten. Leidse aanstaande medici en de metamorfose van de geneeskunde in de negentiende eeuw (1838-1888); G.Th.A. Calkoen, Hector Treub (1856-1920); H.J. Klasen, De chirurgische wondbehandeling in het pre-Lister tijdperk
Authors: Snelders Stephan
Published: September 2015

G.Th.A. Calkoen, Onder studenten. Leidse aanstaande medici en de metamorfose van de geneeskunde in de negentiende eeuw (1838-1888) (Dissertatie Leiden 2012; Leiden: Ginkgo, 2012, 732 pp., ISBN 978 90 71256 20 2); G.Th.A. Calkoen, Hector Treub (1856-1920) (Leiden: Ginkgo, 2013, 36 pp., ISBN 978 90 71256 23 3); H.J. Klasen, De chirurgische wondbehandeling in het pre-Lister tijdperk (1750-1850) (Rotterdam: Erasmus Publishing, 2013, 262 pp., ISBN 978 90 5235 216 9)
Een te herziene eeuw Nederlandse muziek. Onderzoeksperspectieven voor de negentiende-eeuwse muziek- en concertgeschiedenis
Authors: Delpeut Thomas
Published: September 2015

Revising a Century of Dutch Music: Research Perspectives for Nineteenth-Century Music and Concert HistoryFocus on Dutch nineteenth-century concert and musical life has increased considerably over the past decades. However, the field of research is highly fragmented; conceptual and methodological approaches are scarcely elaborated and traditional approaches continue to determine the interpretational framework. In this article Thomas Delpeut proposes several research prospects for a revision of nineteenth-century concert and music history. In the first section Delpeut discusses recent studies, showing the need to reconsider both the 1880s as an overarching caesura and the revival of Dutch musical life revolving around the establishment of the Concertgebouw and Concertgebouw Orchestra. Next he presents various research possibilities inspired by international historiography – first to connect developments in musical discourse to practices in concert life, second to consider the public and their listening culture, and finally to investigate the experience of music in new social dimensions. De afgelopen decennia is de aandacht voor het Nederlandse negentiende eeuwse concert- en muziekleven flink toegenomen. Toch is het onderzoeksveld gefragmenteerd, conceptuele en methodologische benadering nauwelijks onderbouwd en traditionele inzichten lijken hardnekkig het interpretatiekader te blijven bepalen. Met dit artikel draagt Thomas Delpeut een aantal onderzoeksperspectieven aan voor een herziening van de negentiende-eeuwse muziek- en concertgeschiedenis. In het eerste deel bespreekt Delpeut recente studies die laten zien dat een fundamentele heroverweging nodig is van de jaren 1880 als alomvattende cesuur en van de opleving van het muziekleven ten tijde van de oprichting van het Concertgebouw en -orkest. Vervolgens presenteert hij verschillende onderzoeksmogelijkheden geïnspireerd door de internationale historiografie. Ten eerste om ontwikkelingen in het muziekdiscours aan concertpraktijken te koppelen, ten tweede om aandacht op het concertpubliek en zijn luistergedrag te vestigen, en ten slotte om de beleving van muziek in nieuwe maatschappelijke dimensies te bestuderen.
Beyond Territory: Revisiting the Normative Justification of Self-Government in Theory and Practice
Authors: Dubois Janique
Published: August 2015

The association of sovereignty with control over territory is being challenged both internally and externally in modern societies. Demands for political autonomy from sub-state minorities undermine the natural link between nation, state and territory from within, while the movement of capital, goods and information across borders contests the relationship between these concepts from without. Scholars of international relations, law, philosophy and political science have already suggested that the sovereignty of nation-states is under attack; however, scant attention has been paid to the way in which changes in the relation between nation, state, and territory affect the normative weight associated with each of these concepts in discussions about sovereignty and self-government. The objectives of this article is to examine the way in which nation, state, sovereignty, and territory are addressed in normative justifications of indigenous self-government and to better understand how these notions are being treated in its implementation.