bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WEB-MAPPING OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION OF LVIV ACCORDING TO THE INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Sohor Andrii , Zazuliak Petro ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kvoka Roksolana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2020

The condition and composition of atmospheric air are influenced by two main factors: the introduction of pollutants into the atmosphere through various sources and harmful physical effects on it. The latter includes radiation, sound vibrations, noise, and so on. These and other factors disrupt the optimal state of the air, which negatively affects human health, the condition and development of animals and plants. The main sources of pollutants in the air of Lviv are: dust – vehicles, woodworking and building materials industry; sulfur dioxide – industrial enterprises, carbon monoxide – vehicles, thermal power plants; nitrogen dioxide – heat power companies; formaldehyde – motor transport, woodworking industry. Today, emissions from mobile sources are the biggest air pollutants in the city. The chemical composition of emissions from mobile sources of pollution is characterized by the predominance of carbon monoxide (up to 74%), nitrogen compounds and hydrocarbons (12% and 11%, respectively). Today the state of atmospheric air in large cities of Ukraine and, in particular, in the city of Lviv is at an unsatisfactory level. The main problems in this area are the progressive nature of the negative impact on the ecological state of the environment and human health. As there is currently no interactive cartographic material that can visualize the problem of environmental pollution, the main purpose of this work was to create an interactive web map of the quality of life of the population of Lviv in terms of air pollution. To achieve this goal, we collected and systematized geospatial statistical cartographic materials on the ecological state of the air in Lviv. The necessary software for the development of an interactive map of air pollution has been identified and its possibilities have been studied. An algorithm for loading geospatial data into the created web resource has been developed. A template of applications for creating web maps of air pollution in Lviv was selected according to the indicators of the I and II quarters of 2020, which were measured at 30 intersections of the city. Thus, two interactive web maps of air pollution in Lviv were developed in the environment "Google My Maps" and "ArcGIS Online".
IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF CONSTRUCTION ENTERPRISES OF MICROECONOMIC AND MACROECONOMIC FACTORS
Authors:   Beketov Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy, Momot Tetiana , Lub Andrii ,   Beketov Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy
Published: November 2020

Effective management at the level of the authorities is not possible if they are able to intelligently form their own unified system, which is recognized for the improvement of the main tasks of management. The very formation of the system of management of financial and economical bakery-free, as well as the combination of the different elements can be seen, In the event of a failure to comply with the provisions of this Law, the Company shall be entitled to the following services: Reinforced media and its interoperable resources as a whole – an indispensable skill for the effective and efficient conduct of the business in the eyes of other economic minds. A global crisis in the wake of the pandemic has made it possible for everyone to make his or her own adjustments in the life of a sustainable enterprise, without neglecting the fact that the great enterprise is small – everyone has compelled. In such minds, it is important to properly take management decisions and to take to my attention every situation in the world, the need to know the importance of the ability to implement and overcome problems in the management of activity. It is also important to instill respect for this by understanding financial and economic baking without baking in the growth of an influx of microeconomic and macroeconomic exhibits. It is important to see at the moment, which is the most important, or it is more understandable that there are investments in the form of clear strategic management decisions, which in their turn can lead to the bankroll, including the development of infrastructure and the growth of financial independence. Encourage a clear strategy of development, based on the analysis of ostentatious macro- and micro-economic factors, and the correct assessment of their investment – at the moment, which is the basis for the selection of next steps in development. Press, the state can not impose financial pidtrimku financial sector, and not to carry out politechnichnyh reforms, which can date the ability to reduce the situation and possible development, to create in the minds of crisis. It is in such minds that one should be able to know about such situations, that one should be able to show respect to the people of financial and economic bakery, and that one should develop all possibilities for the development of new factors. At the statue of the applied promotional partnership "Trest Zhytlobud-1" Boulevard held a financial and economic breakthrough of the company for an additional PEST-analysis.
RESEARCH OF CLASSIFICATION OF ASSORTMENT OF COGNACS AND TYPES OF THEIR FALSIFICATION AS A STAGE OF RESEARCH OF FORENSIC COMMODITY EXAMINATION
Authors:   Kharkiv Scientific Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Ulybina Lionella , Harbuz Mariia ,   Kharkiv Scientific Research Forensic Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
Published: November 2020

This article examines the practical and theoretical principles of forensic examination. It is considered existent classifications and assortment of cognacs at the market of Ukraine. The article indicates the classification established by the National Interprofessional Bureau of Cognac and the classification, which operates on the territory of Ukraine, it was conducted a critical bibliographic review of literature sources sanctified to the problem that is investigated. At each stage of expert research, specific tasks are solved, among which an important place is occupied by the process of identification and detection of counterfeit products. The given article specifies the raw materials and materials used for production of cognacs of Ukraine, listed grape varieties for the production of cognac wine materials, defined set and sequence of technological processes that take place in the manufacture of cognac, covered technological standards for cognac wine material used in the production of cognacs in Ukraine. This article lists the main types of falsification of cognacs, such as reduced alcohol content, adulteration by age, adulteration with the use of flavors, dyes, distillates, made from non-grape wine materials, falsification with the use of forged labels of well-known manufacturers, as well as excise stamps, falsification with the default content of harmful substances. At examination of alcoholic drinks the major task is to to hold their identification and to define the accordance to the name of goods indicated on the labeling and accompanying documents, the established requirements. Identification of alcoholic beverages is carried out by organoleptic characteristics, strength, mass concentration of total extract, sugar, acids. The given work indicates the types of packaging and labeling for one unit of goods and for large batches that meet the regulatory and technical documentation in force in Ukraine. It is substantiated the influence of possible discrepancies with the requirements of normative documents on the process of determining the value of goods during the forensic examination.
TYPES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors:   State Institution «State Institute of Family and Youth Policy», Tylikina Nataliia
Published: November 2020

The level of access to Internet services of children and adolescents has been studied in the article. Children use Internet services the most frequently to play video- or computer games, or to download them; to download information for studying or entertainment, to communicate with the help of different messengers (Skype, iTalk, using a web-camera etc.). There have been studied different forms of violence, faced by children in the information and communication environment: cyber-bulling, grooming, sexual abuse (sexting) etc. There have been analyzed the risks, faced by children in the information and communication environment. It has been discovered that the most widespread are imposing of unnecessary information, interference with a digital device, spreading of false information about children and adolescents, bullying, threats, as well as communication with strangers, leading to unintended consequences. There have been identified pre-conditions and factors of emergence of cyber-bullying and other forms of violence with the use of information and communication technologies. One of the factors that children face a serious danger in the information environment is the irresponsibility of adults as well as their ignorance of the basic rules to provide a child with a safe online environment. There have been studied the most probable illegal actions, used by offenders towards children and adolescents in Internet. There have also been identified consequences for a victim of violence as well as for an offender with the use of information and communication technologies. The victim as well as the offender has low self-esteem, poor mental and physical health, issues with studying and peer communication. There have been suggested the ways to prevent violence against children with the use of information and communication technologies. One of the major objectives of reaction towards violence against children with the use of information and communication technologies has to be not only the creation of an effective system of support and handling of violence cases, but also immediate resolving of legal aspects of prevention and elimination of cyber-bullying and online sexual exploitation of children.
THE SCIENCE-TECHNICAL REVOLUTION AND SOCIAL ASPECT OF MATERIAL AND SPIRITUAL IN THE DEVELOPMENT PERSONALITY IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH O. LYSENKO IN THE SOVIET ERA
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yarmolitska Nataliia , Moskalchuk Maryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: November 2020

In the article was traced the development general ideas of ukrainian philosopher in the soviet era – O. Lysenko. Installed, what main attention the scientific research scientist was focused on the study of the scientific and technological revolution (STR), in which man is the main driving force of scientific-technological progress. O. Lysenko research STR on the development social, political and ethical relations in terms socialism, the show dialectical unity the science-technical and social progress, covers issues of ecology, urbanization in the conditions of STR, to show her influence on the character production and life style in opposite social systems. O. Lysenko emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach to the education of the individual, emphasizes the need for close unity of ideological, political, labor and moral education, as well as improving these processes in education. Indicates the importance of practical and theoretical problems in matters of social and natural conditions of human development, its formation as a person, studies her creative development, the relationship of her life with the needs, interests and goals, focusing on ideological and moral and aesthetic criteria. It is shown that O. Lysenko in his research pays much attention to the study of such issues as «life style» and «standard of living» and shows the understanding of these concepts by the classics of Marxism-Leninism. Under term of «life style» it is necessary to understand the legal and moral norms, worldview and ideology of large and small social communities, collectives, groups that have much in common in their activities. O. Lysenko believed that an extremely difficult problem in the field of cultural management was the problem of the relationship between biological and social, natural and technical rhythms of man. The scientist draws attention to one of the problems of development of spiritual culture – is the education of ecological culture. As a result, it is shown that according to O. Lysenko, the set of problems caused by STR is extremely diverse, the most important in this complex is the issue of conscious and purposeful management of the rapid development of science and technology, and such an approach requires in deep and comprehensive research of new trends scientific-technical revolution.
CONCERTMASTER’S WORK IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE: COMPETENCE ASPECT
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, Bondarenko Andriy
Published: November 2020

The article examines the competent requirements for concertmasters of educational institutions of Ukraine. In late 2010s Ukrainian government revises the requirements for the staff of educational institutions. These revision needs to be issued in three aspects: impact on the quality of the educational process, new com-petencies of educational staff required, and the aim of those revisions. Each of the aspects mentioned requires a separate study for each of the educational areas. The aspect we have chosen is competence, which has become especially acute in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has prompted the authorities to limit and, in some cases, completely bans face-to-face classes in educational institutions. It is shown that the competencies of concertmasters are the ability to play in an ensemble, which requires a high level of playing the instrument, the ability to read notes from a sheet, including scores with a large number of staves, an ability to transpose music and a deep feeling of a soloist playing. However, the new realities, caused by Ukrainian government activities led to new competency requirements for concertmasters working in Ukrainian educational institutions. Namely, these requirements are the ability to work with documents, to conduct organizational and methodological work, to carry out scientific research as well. Moreover, the rise of distance education during Covid-19 pandemic made real-time practice with concertmaster impossible due to imperfections of the Internet communication, namely due to the audio signal latency occurred while using digital communication systems. In this situation, concertmaster should be able to prepare phonograms or remote ensemble recordings, which are performed alternately by the accompanist and soloist. This form also requires special skills, namely an ability to work with information technologies, in particular multimedia. It is concluded that concertmaster of Ukrainian educational institutions is required to be competent not only in piano ensemble playing but also in a lot of other fields not connected to music performance such as office work, scientific research and information technologies.
THE ORIGIN OF NEOCLASSICISM. NEOCLASSICISM IN CHOREOGRAPHY IN MUSICAL ART, LITERATURE AND DRAMA
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Rusanova Milena
Published: November 2020

The article examines the process of origin and formation of the Neoclassicism era in the Ukrainian art. Сultural processes of different types of art of Ukraine of the end of XX – the beginning of XXI century are investigated. the chronological boundaries of the neoclassical epoch in the countries of Europe and Ukraine are compared, their difference is determined. It provides a brief overview of the historical situation that led to the later flowering of neoclassicism. Features of neoclassicism in music, literature, drama and choreography are considered. In particular, the works of Ukrainian neoclassical writers as M. Zerov, M. Drai-Khmara, P. Phylypovych, M. Rylsky, Y.Klen, who entered the society of prosaics and poets «Kyiv Neoclacissist», are briefly characterized. The main goal of the Ukrainian neoclassical literature is outlined namely by researching authentic Ukrainian literature and assimilating the best European literary samples to create own unique literary forms. The musical neoclassical art is analysed, in particular, the essence of the concept "neofolklorism" is revealed (laying certain neoclassical principles on folklore motives, M. Skoryk’s oeuvre as an example). Problematic issues regarding the development of neoclassical drama in Ukraine arise, modern Ukrainian drama is considered in the context of economic market. The problem of Ukrainian drama’s competitive ability and possible conditions for this are analysed. Neoclassical choreographic art is studied, namely its characteristic features, directions, forms. The plot and non-plot neoclassical performances are compared; genres of post-neoclassical performances are listed. Non-plot ballet neoclassicism that originates from American choreographer J. Balanchyn’s oeuvre is created by using jazz and modern dancing means of expression and forms. Plot ballet neoclassicism originates from F. Ashton’s oeuvre and has Anglo-French origin. The main characteristics of the plot neoclassical performance are complicated ballet terminology, increasing of attention to dramatically or literary plot, the presence of realistic, expressionistic and surreal principles, using the pantomime, modern, jazz, popular, folklore dancing means of expression, dance symphony and academic ballet principles.
MODERN REMOTE COMMUNICATION AS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   MIHE ", Shtrimaіtis Oksana ,   Rivne Medical Academy",   of Rivne Region Council, Mialiuk Oksana ,   MIHE "Rivne Medical Academy" of Rivne Region Council, Sadovnyk Olga ,   MIHE "Rivne Medical Academy" of Rivne Region Council, Fylypiuk Oksana ,   MIHE "Rivne Medical Academy" of Rivne Region Council, Nesteruk Tetiana ,   MIHE "Rivne Medical Academy" of Rivne Region Council
Published: November 2020

Research activity is one of the most important means of improving the quality of training and education of specialists with higher education, able to creatively apply in practice the latest advances in science. But in connection with the recent events of the outbreak of coronavirus infection COVID-19, the world community was forced to move to more isolating methods of learning, training and professional development. Therefore, one way or another we have to master various programs that come to the hands of universities and in which later the whole scientific field works. The present time dictates Internet to us as the way of distance communication of educational and scientific process. The Internet is becoming a special environment of communication, which plays an increasingly important role in almost all spheres of modern society. Such a wide popularity and increasing availability of Internet technologies contributes to the emergence of both new opportunities and promising ways of communication. These ways form a special area of information interaction and lead to the emergence of innovative types of public relations. One of the promising channels of communication in the scientific field, on the Internet especially among the new generation of scientists, is the most popular site in the world YouTube. This article describes the effectiveness of promoting educational content through understandable and user-friendly YouTube, which is a promising channel of communication in the scientific field, especially for new generation scientists. Based on the results of the survey, we evaluated the feasibility of usage of the YouTube channel for scientific conferences and workshops and the competitiveness of the site in comparison with traditional methods of communication in the scientific process. According to our research, YouTube, as one of the promising channels of communication on the Internet, is relevant not only for modern society, but is also important for scientific, educational, practical and theoretical activities. It is an effective tool with which you can unite the attention of a large number of people and thus increase the volume of pedagogical cooperation, speed up the exchange of scientific innovations and reduce ineffective use of time.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURAL LEGAL PERSONALITY OF A LAWYER: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bayik Oksan , Maksymkiv Olesya ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education Lviv Polytechnic National University, Martynyk Liliya ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education Lviv Polytechnic National University, Matkivska Ivanna-Mariya ,   Educational and Scientific Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: November 2020

The article analyzes the theoretical and legal provisions on the administrative procedural legal personality of a lawyer in Ukraine. It was found that his procedural legal personality can be divided into: ‒ general, which is available to a lawyer at all stages of the process; ‒ special, which is characteristic only for a specific stage of the process. It is pointed out that the administrative procedural legal personality of a lawyer is based on the norms of Art. 43 Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine and consists in the ability of a lawyer: 1) to have procedural rights and responsibilities in the administrative process (administrative procedural capacity); 2) personally exercise their administrative procedural rights and responsibilities during the lawyer’s representation of a person in the administrative process (administrative procedural capacity). It is noted that in Art. 45 Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine, enshrined a provision on the inadmissibility of abuse of procedural rights, which a lawyer as a procedural representative must take into account when representing a person in administrative proceedings. It is noted that there is a division of procedural rights of a lawyer into general and special. It is emphasized that in addition to the rights of a lawyer as a procedural representative, he is also endowed with both professional duties and responsibilities defined in Art. 47 Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine. It is noted that in addition to imposing duties on a lawyer, the legislator provides grounds for bringing him to justice (administrative procedural tort). A lawyer as a procedural representative has disciplinary responsibility. At the same time, the lawyer must remember that he ensures the protection of personal data about an individual, which he possesses, in accordance with the legislation on personal data protection. The author’s conclusion is made that the administrative procedural legal personality of a lawyer as a representative of a person is a complex category, which consists of his administrative procedural legal capacity, administrative procedural capacity and administrative procedural tort.
UKRAINIAN RESPONSE TO THE ACTIVE ROLE OF SECRETARIES DURING ARBITRAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors:   Associate at AGA Partners, Izotov Dmytro
Published: November 2020

Today it is a common and acceptable practice for the arbitrator to appoint an assistant in order to facilitate the effective consideration of the dispute by entrusting him/her with administrative and organizational tasks. But what if the functions of the tribunal’s assistant go further than just maintaining the correspondence with the parties and additionally involves legal tasks? Does it mean that arbitrator basically transferred his/her decision-making mandate to another person? Within this article, the author intends to analyze the existent precedents related to the excessive role of the assistant during arbitration proceedings and to illustrate how major arbitral institutions responded to this issue. Using the results of this analysis the author proposed to amend the current procedural regulations of the main Ukrainian arbitration centers in order to reflect the current trend of limitation of the assistant’s functions in order to ensure the parties’ right during the proceedings.
INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A MEANS OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF TEACHERS
Authors:   Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University named after Oleksandr Dovzhenko, Vovk Bohdan , Matvienko Dmytro ,   Hlukhiv National Pedagogical University named after Oleksandr Dovzhenko
Published: November 2020

The author analyzes the main definitions of the researched problem: "educational technology", "pedagogical technology", "learning technologies", "innovative technologies". The essence of innovative learning technologies is characterized. The main innovative technologies are aimed at the development of professional competencies of teachers of vocational training and set a new vision of scientific and practical experience. The importance of the role of the use of innovative technologies in the professional activity of pedagogical workers of vocational (professional and technical) educational institutions is revealed, which effectively influences the increase of the level of professional competence of teachers. The author proves that introducing innovations in the learning process provides a high level of quality of vocational education, they should motivate and stimulate future skilled workers to receive the relevant demands of the market of vocational qualifications. The article defines the pedagogical conditions for the use of new technologies in the professional activity of teachers of vocational training. It is determined that the novelty of the experience is the training of students with the use of innovative technologies that qualitatively exceed classical education, so it is necessary to work with teachers: increasing the level of creativity of teachers, the desire for research, research work, providing psychological support for innovative pedagogical activities, the desire for self-development and self-improvement of teachers. The basis and content of innovative educational processes is innovative activity, the essence of which is to update the pedagogical process, the introduction of new formations in the traditional system. The use of modern innovative pedagogical technologies allows to create an effective system of education. The article indicates the trends in the development of educational technologies, methods of dissemination of innovations, which in the complex is due to objective factors: individualization of the educational process, the concept of national education of children and youth, variable learning systems (developmental, differentiated, etc.), methods of designing and modeling the life of the individual, a dialogic form of communication between the subjects of the educational process, a system for assessing the academic achievements of students.
THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY OF UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Krokhmalna Halyna , Nesterchuk Yaroslava ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: November 2020

The development of methods of teaching the Ukrainian language in primary school is investigated in this scientific work. There is also finds out the reasons that slowed down the process of its improvement. But nowadays thanks to the constant scientist`s and teacher`s work there are lots of new technologies and methods of education which before were impossible. Modern society needs citizens with a broad worldview, always ready for the challenges of today, and not with limited knowledge on a particular issue. So that the aim «to form a successful personality» should be achieve in each subject. Methodology of Ukrainian language teaching has its own history of development which should know every future teacher. It is a big pity that the ways of it`s were really difficult as it often was forbidden, suffer from political pressure and lack of methodological and technical support. Due to work with various achievements of world pedagogical science and scientists, we can discover more and more about history of different educational methods, means and forms in Ukrainian language lessons. It is considered that language is the product of historical development of society, which use the property of the previous stages of its life. It is the similar for all native speaker but its realization in speech has features. Pedagogical deal with speech as the means of education and knowledge of the environment. Some pedagogues grant great importance to native language as the means of influence on the spiritual development of the child. As a science methodology of Ukrainian language teaching consist of theoretical and practical components, provides preparation of teachers for effective organization of the educational process. Its aim is to find only that educational means which are able to provide the best result in learning the subject. Around the most popular education methods which are used in Ukrainian language lessons in the past and present mark out: narration, conversation, work with books, written exercises. Teaching of native language should accord to all modern demands as personal needs of young pupils in communicative and social development are also always changing.
THE IMAGE OF COLLOQUIAL PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS AND TECHNIQUES OF THEIR TRANSLATION (ON THE MATERIAL OF C. CUSSE’S NOVEL “A PERFECT FUTURE”)
Authors:   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpatian National University, Bilas Andriy , Mykytiuk Olga ,   Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpatian National University
Published: November 2020

This article considers the problem of translation of colloquial phraseology. A comparison of translations into Ukrainian language from the original language. Methods of translation of phraseological units are investigated. Particular attention is paid to Catherine Cusse's novel “A Perfect Future” and its translation into Ukrainian language. The essence of phraseological units, their originality and specificity is revealed. In the article the quality and equivalence of phraseological units translation into Ukrainian language are analysed. This article attempts to reveal the main causes of the translation of phraseological expressions. The relevance of the issue of phraseological translation is proved. The paper studies phraseological units and how they represent the national character of each nation. The emotional aspect has been studied and the impact that it has on the reader or listener. The development of phraseology is analysed. The article discusses French and Ukrainian phraseologisms, their similarities and differences. It has been studied that phraseologisms convey semantic, lexical and grammatical features of language.It was showed that some phraseologies need support and explanation of the text. The main indicator semantic reinterpretation of phraseology is the opposition of literal and figurative value. The direct meaning of phraseological units is practically absent if talk about its etymolog-ical roots, as the basis for its explanation is an unrealistic or imaginary, desirable sit-uation. The article also discusses the problem with the unidirectional approach. It was investigated that rethinking as a form of semantic transformation of phrases is the most common and most productive in French, the newest phraseological units arise as a result of rethinking free phrases. The practical significance of the research results is substantiated. So, the work is devoted to the research of peculiarities of translation into Ukrainian of French phraseological units. This research can be helpful because this work represents a great theoretical value for those who want to take up their future carrier in the field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways of translation of phraseologisms in everyday life.
THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION OF GERMAN SPECIAL VOCABULARY OF SHIPBUILDING AND SEAFARING
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Kaplinska Diana , Baklan Iryna ,   National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the terminological aspects of translation, which cause difficulties in reproducing the German professional vocabulary of the shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language. The authors consider a special vocabulary, which includes professional vocabulary, jargon and nomenclature. And since these days international communication plays a crucial role in the formation of the country on the world stage, the focus is precisely on terminology, the correct translation of which will allow experts in any industry to understand each other. The case study revealed that the Ukrainian terminology of shipbuilding and seafaring is non-uniform and non-standard, which significantly complicates the translation. The main obstacle to adequate translation is the phenomenon of synonymy. Maritime terminology has a rich tradition in the German language, which is associated with the presence of realities that should be reproduced by means of the Ukrainian language. In this case, the approach of lexical borrowing is useful, which provides target text economy; although in some cases, it can complicate the perception of exotic vocabulary in the target language. In order to avoid these difficulties, it is appropriate to use descriptive translation or analogue choice in particular cases. Many terms of shipbuilding and seafaring are part of the phraseological units, which creates additional difficulties in translating the latter. The main research presents the ways of rendering of German terms in the field of shipbuilding and seafaring in the Ukrainian language within the lexical and semantic approaches of translation, represented by the techniques of transcription, loan translation and descriptive translation. Loan translation and transcription (in particular, practical transcription) were identified as the main translation techniques. As the result of researched vocabulary analysis, it was revealed that the main difficulties during translation are caused by etymology of lexems and collocations. For adequate translation of special vocabulary of shipbuilding and seafaring, it is necessary to use the relevant subject knowledge and thoroughly explore the semantics of paticular terminological units.
Los laberintos de la justicia transicional en Uruguay (1985-2019)
Authors:   Universidad Federal Fluminense, Del Río Andrés
Published: November 2020

La investigación y sanción de las violaciones de los derechos humanos de lasdictaduras en los países de la región América Latina se ha convertido en untema inevitable para el fortalecimiento y la consolidación de las democraciasde la región. En el presente trabajo, observaremos los principales eventos en el proceso de justicia transicional (JT)en Uruguay desde la redemocratización hasta nuestros días (1985-2019).
Justicia Transicional en México: ¿Hacia la recon- figuración de la historia política?
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, González Chávez María Patricia
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo aborda las interrogantes presentes en México a partir del sur-gimiento del enfoque de la justicia transicional, poniendo especial atención en elimpacto de la construcción democrática visto a la luz de la historiografía y con los de-rechos humanos como perspectiva. El argumento se centra en plantear que, en Méxicoaparece la justicia transicional como resultado de un contexto en el que convergen unsistema de alta y persistente violencia, junto a un legado de violaciones a los derechoshumanos de la historia reciente, ante lo cual, diversos sectores hacen un llamado a quese atienda esta situación, ya que de no hacerlo, se compromete el Estado Democráticode Derecho. Desde esta perspectiva se revisa la historia reciente del país y los derechoshumanos, las narrativas y ejercicios del tema como objeto de estudio, vistos desde lamovilización e incidencia y el Estado mismo.
Economía de mercado, globalización y migración: retos y rostros de las personas vulneradas globales. Un análisis desde Karl Polanyi
Authors:   Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, Pierrelus Franco Jefferson Frenel Junior
Published: November 2020

Este ensayo pretende demostrar cómo el mercado autorregulado que pregonael neoliberalismo es una falacia y que tiende tarde que temprano a acabar odestruir las propias condiciones sociales, ambientales y culturales que aseguranla vida en el planeta. Basado en una globalización financierista, en la privatización yen la liberalización de mercado, ese modelo se ha convertido en la mayor fábrica deempobrecidos, logrando cooptar y subordinar a los Estados a sus designios a travésde las grandes empresas transnacionales e instituciones económicas internacionales.La neo-esclavitud, la miseria, la precariedad y la violencia se han instalado como unmodo de ser y de vivir, aunadas a la emigración, debido a esa explotación, extracciónde recursos naturales a ultranza que lleva a cabo ese modelo económico imperante.Hay voces, manifestaciones, como la de Karl Polanyi, que quieren poner un freno a esemolino satánico, llamado neoliberalismo.
Міжнародно-правова доктрина та судова практика формування подат­кового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, що має ознаки фіктивності
Authors: Bazov V. P.
Published: November 2020

Метою статті є висвітлення основних засад міжнародно-правової доктрини формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, що має ознаки фіктивності, та особливостей судової практики зі спорів у цій сфері правовідносин.
Наукова новизна визначається дослідженням міжнародно-правової доктрини формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, що має ознаки фіктивності, та стану законодавчого забезпечення відповідальності за вчинення господарських операцій з ознаками фіктивності в окремих державах, зокрема й Україні. Вперше проаналізовано судову практику Верховного Суду щодо захисту прав платників податків та інтересів держави у зазначеній сфері податкових правовідносин. Надано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення законодавчого забезпечення та судової практики у сфері формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, що має ознаки фіктивності. Звертається увага на те, що в Україні фіктивне підприємництво у 2019 році було декриміналізовано, оскільки з КК України було виключено відповідну статтю 205.
Висновки. 1. Сформульовані Верховним Судом України правові позиції у сфері формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, який має ознаки фіктивності, які сприймаються більшістю платників податків як спірні, і досі залишаються усталеними в правозастосовчій діяльності національних судів. 2. Новий Верховний Суд зробив важливий крок відступу від висновку щодо застосування норми права у подібних правовідносинах у сфері формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, який має ознаки фіктивності, викладеного в раніше ухваленому рішенні Верховного Суду України. З метою забезпечення сталості та єдності судової практики у сфері формування податкового кредиту за операціями з контрагентом, який має ознаки фіктивності, у тому разі, якщо необхідно відступити від висновку щодо застосування норми права у подібних правовідносинах, викладеного в раніше ухваленому рішенні Верховного Суду України, а також рішенні Верховного Суду, суд, який розглядає відповідну справу в касаційному порядку, керуючись положеннями частини третьої статті 346, статтею 347 та абз. 8 пункту 1 розділу VII «Перехідні положення», передає відповідну справу на розгляд Великої Палати. 3. Велика Палата Верховного Суду, у разі, якщо відповідно до положень частини шостої статті 347 КАС України дійшла висновку про відсутність підстав для передачі справи на її розгляд, та зазнаючи, що у цій справі не вбачається виключної правової проблеми, на наш погляд, повинна обгрунтувати такий висновок. Лише констатація того, що «у кожній конкретній справі суд має надавати правову оцінку встановленим фактичним обставинам справи», на наше переконання, не є достатньою підставою для висновку, що «у цій справі не вбачається виключної правової проблеми». Дослідження поняття «виключна правова проблема» може у разі de lege ferende стати певним «фільтром» допуску відповідної судової справи до касаційного перегляду.
Становлення та розвиток європейських стандартів захисту персональних даних
Authors: Kovalenko  Yu. О.
Published: November 2020

Питання захисту персональних даних особи особливо актуалізується з нестримним розвитком інформаційних технологій, відтак постає питання визначення етапів становлення права на захист персональних даних та формування сучасних стандартів у цій сфері. З цієї точки зору розглянуто питання визначення правових засад регулювання захисту персональних даних у міжнародному праві. Акцентована увага на раціональності прийняття єдиного міжнародно-правового акта в цій сфері, що набуває особливого практичного значення в умовах глобалізації та технологічного прогресу.
Метою статті є визначення основних етапів становлення права на захист персональних даних та дослідження актуальних питань із забезпечення захисту персональних даних з огляду на практику Європейського суду з прав людини та Суду Європейського Союзу.
Наукова новизна полягає у дослідженні еволюційного розвитку права на захист персональних даних, а також проведенні системного та комплексного аналіуз теоретичних і практичних проблем, пов’язаних із захистом персональних даних у Раді Європи та Європейському Союзі. Особливу увагу приділено теоретико-методологічним засадам захисту персональних даних та врахуванню правових позицій Європейського суду з прав людини та Суду Європейського Союзу в цій сфері.
Висновки. Становлення стандартів захисту персональних даних у міжнародному праві відбувалося одночасно з розвитком технологій та інформаційного суспільства. Безумовно, наявні міжнародні стандарти у сфері обігу та використання персональних даних створюють правову базу для захисту персональних даних. Однак донині в доктрині та практиці міжнародного права відсутній чіткий критерій розмежування права на приватність та права на захист персональних даних. Окрім того, більшість міжнародно-правових актів у сфері захисту персональних даних є регіональними, а інші акти, що регулюють питання обігу та використання персональних даних, мають рекомендаційний характер. Відтак, відсутність єдиного акта, що забезпечив би єдність та сталість застосування норм щодо обігу і використання персональних даних, створює прогалини у міжнародно-правовому регулюванні захисту персональних даних.
Правове регулювання діяльності ЗМІ Угорщини новітньої доби
Authors: Tkach  D. І.
Published: November 2020

Метою статті є аналіз правового регулювання діяльності ЗМІ Угорщини після зміни політичної системи в країні в 1990 році, визначення, на підставі проведеного аналізу, деяких особливостей зазначеного процесу, притаманних цій країні.
Наукова новизна визначається дослідженням впливу нормативно-правового регулювання на еволюцію системи ЗМІ Угорщини та оцінки міжнародної спільноти відповідності демократичним засадам нового медіа-законодавства цієї країни.
Висновки. У процесі становлення та розвитку інформаційного суспільства нагальною потребою є покращення функціонування багатоманітних засобів масової інформації – мас-медіа, вдосконалення їх нормативно-правового регулювання. Формування сучасної інституційної системи ЗМІ Угорщини було започатковано 1996 році з прийняттям Закону про засоби масової інформації, яким було впроваджено базову структуру діяльності ЗМІ, характерну для більшості європейських країн, зокрема започатковано діяльність, поряд із державними, комерційних радіо та телебачення. Закон встановив основні принципи діяльності ЗМІ, зобов’язавши їх надавати універсальну, фактичну, своєчасну, об’єктивну та збалансовану інформацію, а також не віддзеркалювати погляди певної партії або політичного руху. Однак Закон про ЗМІ не призвів до становлення більш вільної, незалежної преси, оскільки вона стала полем для політичних ігор. Уряди змінювалися, але мас-медіа, які Законом декларувалися як незалежні, ставали частиною політичної здобичі чергового керівництва країни. У 2010 році виникли умови для перезавантаження законодавчої бази діяльності ЗМІ.
У 2011 році прийнято нову Конституцію Угорщини, у якій було визначено основоположні принципи діяльності ЗМІ, а 2010 року – Закон, що регулює засоби масової інформації та комунікації, яким створено Національне відомство засобів масової інформації та комунікацій. Закон встановив зобов’язання преси щодо надання достовірної, швидкої, точної інформації для споживачів з питань національного та європейського суспільного життя, а також про важливі для угорців події.
Водночас розглянуті закони призвели до повного контролю ЗМІ Угорщини з боку уряду, а це, своєю чергою, підриває демократичні цінності та авторитет Євросоюзу. Уряди європейських країн та міжнародні організації, мас-медіа Угорщини виступають проти запровадження тотального контролю ЗМІ, однак влада країни залишає під своїм контролем внутрішньодержавне законодавство в цій сфері, оскільки мас-медіа  і надалі визначають політичне життя країни й завжди чітко виявляють свою позицію стосовно правлячого режиму.
Система підбору персоналу до дипломатичної служби: недоліки та переваги
Authors: Palahusynets  R. V.
Published: November 2020

Метою статті є здійснення аналізу системи підбору кадрів до дипломатичної служби та виявлення її основних недоліків і переваг.
Наукова новизна полягає у комплексному вивченні основних та спеціальних вимог до співробітників дипломатичної служби на основі їх співвідношення зі значенням і вагою дипломатичної служби.
Висновки. Дипломатична служба як явище є особливою формою професійної діяльності, націленою на захист інтересів, забезпечення безпеки суспільства та держави на міжнародній арені; дотримання та захист законних прав і свобод громадян за кордоном. Сучасна дипломатична служба носить неофіційний характер, а її розвиток обумовлюється впливом внутрішніх (національний рівень) та зовнішніх факторів (міжнародний рівень). Вимоги до працівників дипломатичної надзвичайно високі, оскільки їх професійний рівень та особистісні якості прямо пропорційно впливають на ефективність чи продуктивність роботи. Під час дослідження було виокремлено спеціальні вимоги до працівників дипломатичної служби: наявність вищої освіти; володіння професійними навиками відповідно до вимогам Міністерства закордонних справ; знання іноземних мов для безперешкодного виконання своїх обов’язків; відмінний стан здоров’я; відсутність будь-яких інших обставин, що можуть перешкоджати роботі дипломата. Аналіз системи підбору персоналу до дипломатичної служби дозволив виявити наступні недоліки: процес відбору кадрів до дипломатичної служби доволі довгий та налічує багато етапів, а відповідно заповнення відкритих вакансій значно розтягується в часі; існуюча конкурсна система відбору не враховує особистісні якості кандидатів та деякі інші навики та вміння (вміння кермувати автомобілем, навики лідерства, готовність брати на себе відповідальність); інструменти, які використовуються для підбору персоналу, доволі застарілі. Отже, процес відбору потребує перегляду та вдосконалення, а відтак, найбільш перспективними вбачаються дослідження ефективності діяльності дипломатичної служби з урахуванням фактору підготовки та відбору персоналу.