bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoecological Approaches to the State of Anthropogenic Landscapes of the Raduga Garden Square in Ulan-Ude
Authors:   D. Banzarov Buryat State University, Urbanova Chimit B. , Babikov Vladimir A. ,   D. Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: October 2024

The intensification of economic activity and especially the construction of industrial or residential facilities next to recreational facilities, in most cases, negatively affects the condition of such facilities. The object of the study is Children’s park "Raduga" in Ulan-Ude. The goal of the study is to consider geoecological approaches to studying the state of anthropogenic landscapes, the Raduga Garden Square in Ulan-Ude, during the implementation of the state program "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" based on the principles of geo-urbanism and geoecology. Research objectives are as follows: implementation of a geo-ecological assessment of the state of the Raduga Garden Square; based on the assessment, phased zoning of the territory of the Raduga Garden Square; preparation of a SWOT analysis of the local residents’ attitude to the Raduga Garden Square in Ulan-Ude; implementation of a sociological survey and the allocation of focus groups of the local population living in the area of the Raduga Garden Square; development of recommendations on the project for the implementation of a comfortable urban environment. In the period of 2023, as a part of the project "Formation of a comfortable urban environment" implementation in the city of Ulan-Ude, the territory of the Raduga Garden Square, one of the popular recreational places for residents of the capital of the republic, has been examined, for this purpose sociological methods and methods of geo-ecological analysis of the condition are used. Anthropogenic landscapes of the park territory. It is discovered that the processes of recreational facilities renovation have begun and require scientific justification, including the standpoint of geo-urbanism and geoecology. The results of sociological and other studies of the Raduga Garden Square have showed that most of it has been subjected to anthropogenic transformation; more than half of the territory of this facility does not meet the requirements for sanitary and hygienic indicators and has a certain degree of degradation. To prevent further regression of the territory of the Raduga Garden Square, a decrease in its attractive properties associated with the anthropogenic transformation of natural components, primarily soil cover, natural vegetation, and the degree of its projective coverage, it is necessary to carry out comprehensive geo-ecological monitoring, and local authorities need to ensure the protection and improvement of the territory of this recreational facility.
Zweiter Methodenbericht zur Befragung 'Nachhaltige Mobilität in der Lincoln-Siedlung'
Authors: Kalbhenn Johann , Werschmöller Simon
Published: October 2024

Im Rahmen des BMBF-finanzierten Projekts „NaMoLi 2“ fand 2023 die dritte Befragungswelle der Bewohnenden der Lincoln-Siedlung in Darmstadt statt. Sie zeichnet sich durch die zusätzlich durchgeführte Befragung einer Vergleichsgruppe aus. Diese besteht aus Personen, die innerhalb der letzten sechs Jahre in einen anderen innenstadtnahen Darmstädter Stadtteil gezogen sind. Folglich erlaubt das Design die längsschnittartige Analyse von Veränderungen im Mobilitätsverhalten von Bewohnenden der Lincoln-Siedlung, als auch den Vergleich mit der Mobilität von Bewohnenden konventioneller Stadtviertel. Im Rahmen der Befragung in Lincoln wurden 2.114 Fragebögen verteilt und im Rahmen der Vergleichsgruppe 2.649 postalisch versendet. Aus der Lincoln-Siedlung wurden n = 293 gültige Rücksendungen erhalten, was einer Rücklaufquote von 13,9 % entspricht. Der Rücklauf der Vergleichsbefragung belief sich auf n = 659 gültige Fragebögen mit einer Rücklaufquote von 24,9 %. Dieser Bericht stellt die Methodik der dritten Befragungswelle dar. Dazu wird zunächst das Panel-Design der Erhebung in Lincoln dargestellt, mit dem die Befragung an bisher in der Siedlung durchgeführte Erhebungen anschließt. Anschließend werden die Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen dem in Lincoln verwendeten Fragebogen und jenem zur Erhebung in der Vergleichsgruppe erläutert. Es folgen die Darstellung des Vorgehens bei der Verteilung bzw. Versendung der Fragebögen in beiden Befragungsgruppen. Anschließend wird der Umgang mit dem Rücklauf dargestellt, bevor soziodemographische Parameter beider Stichproben auf Repräsentativität geprüft werden.
One or Several Types of Constitutional Law?
Authors: Gubler Mona
Published: October 2024

This article examines whether, despite the well-established principle of equal priority of constitutional norms, certain higher-ranking norms within the Swiss Federal Constitution are binding in the context of constitutional amendments. Drawing on Carl Schmitt, Jürgen Habermas, and Swiss constitutional doctrine, I argue that limits to constitutional amendments are inherent in the Federal Constitution, which is based on the rule of law and democracy as fundamental and equal constitutional principles. Increasing public awareness of this constitutional understanding will facilitate the reconciliation of democracy and the rule of law in practice.
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Dieser Artikel untersucht, ob es trotz des etablierten Grundsatzes der Gleichrangigkeit von Verfassungsnormen bestimmte höherrangige Normen in der Schweizer Bundesverfassung gibt, die im Rahmen von Verfassungsänderungen verbindlich sind. In Anlehnung an Carl Schmitt, Jürgen Habermas und die schweizerische Verfassungslehre argumentiere ich, dass die auf Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Demokratie als grundlegende und gleichberechtigte Verfassungsprinzipien basierende Bundesverfassung selbst Grenzen für Verfassungsänderungen vorgibt. Die Stärkung des öffentlichen Bewusstseins für dieses Verfassungsverständnis wird die Vereinbarkeit von Demokratie und Rechtsstaatlichkeit in der Praxis erleichtern.
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Cet article examine si, en dépit du principe d'égalité des normes constitutionnelles, certaines dispositions de la Constitution suisse peuvent être considérées comme supérieures et contraignantes lors des modifications constitutionnelles. En s'appuyant sur les travaux de Carl Schmitt, de Jürgen Habermas, ainsi que sur la doctrine suisse, il apparaît que la Constitution fédérale, qui repose sur l'État de droit et la démocratie en tant que principes constitutionnels fondamentaux et égaux, impose elle-même des limites aux révisions constitutionnelles. Une meilleure compréhension de cette caractéristique par le public permettrait, en pratique, d'accroître la compatibilité entre la démocratie et l'État de droit.
Assessing risks and opportunities associated with ESG factorsin investment projects
Authors: Matveeva M. V. , Peshkov V. V. , Kozma M. V.
Published: October 2024

Our aim was to investigate the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on risks and opportunities in investment and construction projects. The research methodology involved a review of scientific publications, both domestic and foreign, concerning ESG factors and approaches to their integration into investment projects. This allowed us to develop a step-by-step approach to assessing the impact of these factors on the risks and opportunities in investment construction projects. The proposed approach consists in identifying significant ESG aspects, carrying out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the associated risks and opportunities, and establishing a system for managing ESG factors within a particular project. In addition, we developed a system of quantitative indicators for assessing ESG factors, allowing them to be taken into account when designing a financial and economic model of the project. Theoretical results related to the development of an algorithm for assessing the impact of ESG factors and the system of indicators for their quantitative measurement were obtained. It is concluded that the assessment and management of ESG factors play an important role in improving the sustainability and efficiency of investment and construction projects. Further research should be focused on the creation of industry standards and indicators for assessing ESG factors in the sphere of investment and construction, as well as on the improvement of tools for environmental funding of projects.
Assessing the accuracy of global digital elevation models for hydrological analysis: the cases of Syria and Russia
Authors: Alali H.
Published: October 2024

Digital elevation models provide valuable information about the surface topography. The resolution and accuracy of the data used to create the models are critical for the results of hydrological analysis. Available global digital elevation models obtain high potential in terms of data sources; however, their performance requires meticulous evaluation for different terrain characteristics and applications. Aim. To determine the accuracy and resolution of data provided by current and old global models, namely SRTM 1, SRTM GL1, V3 ASTER, GMTED2010, PALSAR ALOS, and GTOPO 30, using the example of two terrains. The study considers the areas in Syria (Syrian coast) and Russia (Chernoyarsky and Akhtubinsky districts in the Astrakhan region) represented by different elevation models. A matching degree between model and real elevations measured by GPS was determined to carry out the hydrological analysis of the land surface. For this purpose, three statistical measures, including range, standard deviation and correlation were defined by means of BaseCamp, ARCGIS PRO & SAGA_GIS software. Data resolution indicates the degree of detail represented in the DEM dataset, which is established by the spatial sampling interval or the size of the grid cell used to represent the land surface. Data accuracy refers to the matching degree between the elevation values derived from the DEM and the actual data obtained on the surface. Results. In terms of correlation coefficient and standard deviation, the GMTED 2010 and ASTER V3 model for the Syrian region and the ALOS PALSAR and SRTM GL 1 model for the Russian region prove to be the most effective for hydrological analysis in the absence of accurate local models.
Experimental study into the sedimentation process of solids of different origin
Authors: Balchugov A. V. , Baranova A. A.
Published: October 2024

Sedimentation refers to the first stage of wastewater treatment from mechanical impurities. Its rate depends on the density and particle size of impurities, as well as the density and viscosity of dispersion medium. In industrial sedimentation tanks, particle settling can occur in laminar, transient or turbulent modes. Aim. To establish the criterion equations and their coefficients for sedimentation processes of sand, glass and polyamide granules. Sedimentation of sand particles of 0.001– 0.003 m, spherical glass particles with the diameter of 0.0025–0.004 m and polyamide granules with the volume-surface mean diameter of 0.0022–0.003 m was carried out in a measured glass cylinder filled with distilled water. Each solid particle was measured, then, it came into contact with the water surface by means of tweezers, and released, starting to settle to the bottom of the cylinder under the action of gravity. A stopwatch was used to time the particle passaging between the marks of the measured cylinder. Calculations were performed using dimensional analysis. According to the test results, the dependences of the Reynolds number on the Archimedes number were established for the sedimentation of sand particles and polyamide granules in the transient mode, while spherical glass particles in the turbulent mode. In addition, the criterion equations of the solid particles sedimentation in the liquid were derived. The coefficients for these equations were experimentally determined. The equations and coefficients obtained in the study can be used in the design of settling tanks for mechanical treatment of wastewater to remove sand, glass and polymer particles.
Features of construction at low temperatures
Authors: Danchenko T. V. , Lastovka A. V.
Published: October 2024

The present paper considers the features of construction at low temperatures and introduces the previous studies on improving the reliability of metal and reinforced concrete structures. Low temperatures adversely affect penetration of the edges of metal products during welding. Notably, design engineers consider the results of investigations and calculations, and incorporate steel products made of lowalloy, stainless steels, and nickel alloys. These materials demonstrate high viscosity, good weldability, retain strength in the process of manufacturing structures and their operation. The paper analyzes the construction works in winter conditions and considers installation as one of the main technological processes in construction. In addition, the paper lists the restrictions for welding and concreting, as well as indicates the conditions for structures to be installed using bolts or manual arc welding. Manufacturing plants are known to treat metal products and structures with protective coatings prior to transportation to the construction site. These technological operations are aimed at protecting metal from corrosion and at retaining heat within buildings. All winter concreting techniques are indicated to be implemented on the construction site at temperatures below 5°C. Gaining the required strength of the cement needs more time in cold temperatures than at a temperature of +20°C. The method of artificial heating, presented in the paper, is intended to create durable concrete and reinforced concrete products and structures.
Development of a flow diagram for the production of asphalt concrete mixture using polyethylene waste, contaminated with oil products
Authors: Pugin K. G.
Published: October 2024

Large quantities of low-pressure polyethylene containers used for transportation and storage of oil products (motor oils) entail higher environmental risks produced by their utilization or disposal. An urgent scientific task is to search for new ways for utilization of such containers, to involve them in production of new target products without thorough cleaning of waste from contaminants and residues of motor oils. The present study involved crushed containers used for storage and transportation of motor oil in order to explore the possibility of including polyethylene in the production of asphalt concrete mixture. A sample, containing 17.5% of low-pressure polyethylene (contaminated with motor oil by 8% of asphalt mass), and a control sample of asphalt concrete mixture free of polyethylene, were made in order to investigate the change of properties, occurring in the low-pressure polyethylene asphalt concrete. Results. The study assessed main physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete samples containing low-pressure polyethylene and motor oil. According to the assessment, a number of properties exceed the values stated in GOST 9128-2013. In addition, the study results included development of technological regulations for producing asphalt concrete mixture with polyethylene as well as the flow diagram for obtaining asphalt concrete mixture. Using polyethylene waste contaminated with motor oil in the production cycle of asphalt concrete mixtures will reduce the consumption of raw materials for asphalt concrete production and the negative impact on the environment.
Measures to increase the reliability and efficiency of water supply and wastewater disposal systems
Authors: Shelekhov I. Yu. , Lavygina O. L. , Shelekhova A. I. , Kulkov V. N. , Karmalov A. I.
Published: October 2024

The reliability of water supply and wastewater disposal systems has a significant impact on the environment: therefore, it is essential to implement new methods and approaches that reduce the risk of emergency situations. Based on the experience in automation, maintenance and modernization of wastewater disposal and water supply systems, the study suggests introducing additional programmable modules into automated control systems that provide control and regulation directly on the actuator. For this purpose, the study involves OWEN Logic programming environment, which manages pumping stations through programmable relays. The paper presents functional diagrams that have been introduced into standard macros to increase the reliability of pumping units. In addition, the paper demonstrates that the implementation of multi-level management facilitates the improvement of existing water supply and wastewater disposal systems, thereby increasing their functional capabilities and ensuring the efficient operation of technological equipment. The conducted analysis shows that the adoption of this method for managing technological processes will enhance the reliability and durability of the equipment, ensuring uninterrupted operation of pumping stations. With a change in the performance of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, the installed devices will allow for modernization with minimal economic costs, and reprogramming the operation of the low-level automation without affecting the performance of other levels.
Development of a mobile application for rapid detection of meat freshness using deep learning
Authors: Kozan H. I. , Akyürek H. A.
Published: October 2024

The freshness or spoilage of meat is critical in terms of meat color and quality criteria. Detecting the condition of the meat is important not only for consumers but also for the processing of the meat itself. Meat quality is influenced by various pre-slaughter factors including housing conditions, diet, age, genetic background, environmental temperature, and stress factors. Additionally, spoilage can occur due to the slaughtering process, though post-slaughter spoilage is more frequent and has a stronger correlation with postslaughter factors. The primary indicator of meat quality is the pH value, which can be high or low. Variations in pH values can lead to adverse effects in the final product such as color defects, microbial issues, short shelf life, reduced quality, and consumer complaints. Many of these characteristics are visible components of quality. This study aimed to develop a mobile application using deep learning-based image processing techniques for the rapid detection of freshness. The attributes of the source and the targeted predictions were found satisfactory, indicating that further advancements could be made in developing future versions of the application.
Review on the toxic effect of fluorine and lead on lichen metabolism
Authors: Benhamada Ouahiba , Benhamada Nabila , Leghouchi Essaid
Published: October 2024

Thanks to their ability to absorb large amounts of trace elements from the atmosphere, lichens are widely used as bioaccumulators and bioindicators of air pollution. Among air pollutants, heavy metals represented by lead are the most important contributors to the deterioration of ecosystems. Fluorine is prevalent in a wide range of environmental matrices, even in trace amounts, and is one of the most phytotoxic halogens to plants. When lichens are exposed to air pollution, they frequently undergo structural, morphological and physiological alterations, and exhibit several coping strategies to combat and tolerate stressful situations. This manuscript presents general information about lichens, fluorine, and lead as well as the toxic effect of these two air pollutants on lichens, and the means of combat used by lichens to respond to fluorine and lead-induced stress.
Protective and therapeutic effects of hesperidin in an experimental colitis model
Authors: Güzel Esra , Öğüt Serdal , Aktaş Serdar
Published: October 2024

Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal problem with increasing prevalence. In this study, the effect of hesperidin (commonly found in citrus white peel) on colitis was investigated. For this purpose, 28 Wistar albino female rats, 3–4 months old and weighing between 250–350 g, were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=7), colitis (n=7), protective effect (n=7), and treatment (n=7) groups. Colitis was induced in rats with acetic acid (except control), and hesperidin was then administered at 150 mg/kg for 1 week before and after colitis. At the end of the study, IFN-γ and IL-6 values in blood, TAS, TOS, and OSI in tissue were evaluated. Intestinal tissues were assessed visually by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results showed that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 were highest in the colitis group and lowest in the treatment group, with statistical significance. The most histopathological damage was seen in the colitis group, while less prevalent in the treatment and control groups. The results of the study show that hesperidin had limited protective and therapeutic effects on experimental colitis mouse models.
O Graffiti na fronteira de expansão amazônica: Pincel, spray e táticas por reconhecimento
Authors: Marmanillo Pereira Jesus
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo busca compreender as táticas e campos de possibilidades de um artista local chamado Edney Areia, na cidade Imperatriz-MA, conhecida como “portal da Amazônia”. Para compreender como ele segue sobrevivendo naquele local, onde não há valorização da arte de rua e cuja política é focada nos grandes projetos de espoliação da natureza, acompanhamos percurso biográfico com especial atenção nos processos culturais, experiências cotidianas e saberes que apontam para as formas como ele se integra em uma rede de relações mais vastas. Nesse sentido, foram realizados registros fotográficos, observações diretas nas ruas e no ambiente virtual. Como conclusão, verificou-se a relação direta entre sociabilidades juvenis e a atualização do conhecimento técnico lhe possibilitou a obtenção de novas habilidades e capacidade de sobrevivência material.
Unveiling the Interplay: Antioxidant Enzyme Polymorphisms and Oxidative Stress in Preterm Neonatal Renal and Hepatic Functions
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Al Jufairi Mona
Published: October 2024

Aims:

To explore the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and the occurrence of acute
kidney injury (AKI) alongside notable liver function disturbances in preterm neonates.

Background:

Given the immaturity of kidneys and incomplete liver development in preterm neonates, oxidative
stress poses a considerable threat to their renal and hepatic health.

Objective:

To find out the association between various oxidative stress biomarkers and polymorphisms of antioxidant
enzymes with renal and live functions.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we gathered umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood samples for assessing
oxidative stress biomarkers and identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in antioxidant enzymes.
Utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, we quantified these oxidative stress biomarkers.
Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis was employed to ascertain the predictive capacity of these
biomarkers, denoted by the area-under-the-curve (AUC).

Results:

Our findings revealed that umbilical cord heat-shock proteins emerged as robust predictors of neonatal
AKI (AUC: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.8-1) with a defined cut-off concentration of 1.8 ng/mL. Likewise, umbilical
cord 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine demonstrated significant predictability for liver function alterations (AUC:
0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.9) at a cut-off concentration of 2487.6 pg/mL.

Conclusions:

We observed significant associations between SNPs in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and catalase
with both AKI and impaired liver functions. Prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings,
with a particular focus on exploring potential antioxidant interventions aimed at mitigating AKI and liver function
abnormalities.
Screening of FDA-approved Drugs against Protein Thymidine Kinase 2
Using Machine Learning Method Validated Applying Molecular Dynamics
and Free Energy Landscape Calculation
Authors: Sameer Hayder Naji , Mohammed Samer Shukur , Oraibi Amjad Ibrahim , Al-Ibadah Mahmood , Al-Hussainy Hany Aqeel
Published: October 2024

Background:

Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) is a crucial enzyme in the mitochondrial pyrimidine
salvage pathway, strongly associated with several mitochondrial diseases. Current treatments
frequently damage mitochondria, leading to a decrease in cellular energy output.

Objective:

This study aimed to use computational approaches to identify inhibitors of TK2 that could
prevent these harmful consequences.

Method:

The initial screening process entailed the application of machine learning algorithms, more
particularly a Random Forest model, which was trained on 189 FDA-approved drugs and decoy datasets
obtained from the DUD-E database. Its purpose was to identify potential inhibitors. The molecular
docking technique was employed to evaluate the affinity of the chosen medicines towards
TK2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations lasting 100 nanoseconds were employed to conduct
additional validation by examining the dynamic interactions between the top-found compounds and
TK2.

Results:

Three hit compounds (3168, 5209502, and 135402009) were identified through the screening
process for their high affinity for TK2. Compound 5209502 had the most stable interaction with
the lowest root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and
maintained 12 hydrogen bonds consistently. MM/GBSA computations verified that 5209502 exhibited
the strongest binding affinity with a binding free energy of -62.14 kcal/mol, which was notably
lower than that of the control ligand.

Conclusion:

Compound 5209502 is a promising candidate for additional experimental evaluation
because of its notable stability and great affinity for TK2. This chemical may provide a focused and
less harmful treatment for mitochondrial illnesses linked to TK2 malfunction.
A Groundwater Quality Index Proposed for Assessment of Groundwater Quality: A Case Study of Quang Tri Province, Central Vietnam
Authors: Trung Kien Truong , Truong Khoa Nguyen , Quy Tung Truong , Giang Chau Nguyen Dang , Van Hop Nguyen
Published: October 2024

Background:

Water quality assessment is a crucial task to manage water sources and
control water pollution. The purpose of this study is to develop a Groundwater Quality Index
(GWQI) to assess groundwater quality.

Methods:

The GWQI was developed and functioned by weight (wi) and sub-index (qi) of ten selected
water quality parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to a water quality monitoring
data set (year 2016 to 2019, 163 samples) at 27 locations in Quang Tri province, aiming to
identify the weight of each parameter. Sub-index linear function was established based on the allowable
limits for each parameter defined in the National Technical Regulation on drinking water quality.
Multiplicate (GWQIM), additive (GWQIA), and reference (GWQIRef) formulas were used to compute
the final GWQI indices. The sensitivity and suitability of the proposed GWQI in water quality
evaluation were also tested.

Results:

Among the three GWQI calculation methods, GWQIM was found to be the most suitable in
reflecting groundwater quality in the study area. From 2019 to 2022 (152 samples), in the province,
63.2% of GWQIM values were classified as EXCELLENT or GOOD, 17.1% as POOR, and 19.7% as
VERY POOR, or UNFIT FOR DRINKING.

Conclusion:

This improved GWQI can be applied to assess groundwater quality at local or regional
scales.
Therapies Using Anti-diabetics to Prevent and Manage Progression of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rout Monalisa , Prusty Shakti Ketan , Kar Durga Madhab
Published: October 2024

:

Currently, a significant proportion of older individuals have demonstrated connections
between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence from
cohort studies, clinical data, and preclinical meta-analyses reveals that T2DM patients have an increased
risk of developing PD, often accompanied by more severe disease progression. These two
chronic conditions are believed to share common pathways. The pathways that likely connect the
neurodegenerative process of PD include autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated insulin
signaling, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Preclinical PD models highlight the importance
of cerebral insulin signaling, which confers numerous neuroprotective benefits. Several ongoing
phase II and phase III trials are being conducted in PD-affected populations. These trials reflect
the potential of existing anti-diabetic medications to improve PD motor symptoms and halt
the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology
of PD. The insulin signaling pathway represents a promising novel target for disease modification
in both diabetic and non-diabetic PD. Incretin receptors in the brain have emerged as the
most promising targets for repurposing existing drugs in PD treatment. Targeting these receptors
mitigates inflammation, apoptosis, toxic protein aggregation, long-term potentiation, autophagy,
and insulin signaling failure.

:

Presently, various novel anti-diabetic targets are available that can regulate the insulin signaling
pathway in dopaminergic neurons, suggesting improvements in cognitive function and significant
neuroprotective effects in PD. Throughout neurodegenerative processes, insulin and incretins exert
therapeutic effects in multiple manners. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that glucagon--
like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce neuroinflammation, tau phosphorylation, and amyloid
deposition while increasing synaptic function and enhancing memory formation. Incretin
mimetics may act through the restoration of insulin signaling pathways, inducing further neuroprotective
effects.

:

This review examined the reported shared cellular and molecular pathologies between PD and
T2DM, and explored the repurposing of anti-diabetic drugs for the prevention of PD progression
through the regulation of insulin signaling pathways.
Investigating Full-Length circRNA Transcripts to Reveal circRNAMediated Regulation of Competing Endogenous RNAs in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Yuan Quan , Cai Runqiu , Zhao Jian , Chen Juan , Zhang Meng , Wang Yulan , Zhuang Minhui , Xu Tianyi , Song Xiaofeng , Wu Jing
Published: October 2024

Background:

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important regulatory roles in the progression
of gastric cancer (GC), but the exact mechanisms governing their regulation remain incompletely
understood. Prior studies typically used back-spliced junctions (BSJs) to represent a range of
circRNA isoforms, overlooking the prevalence of alternative splicing (AS) events within circRNAs,
which could lead to unreliable or even incorrect conclusions in subsequent analyses, hindering our
comprehension of the specific functions of circRNAs in GC.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the potential functional roles of the dysregulated circRNA
transcripts in GC and provide new biomarkers and effective novel therapeutic strategies for GC
treatment.

Methods:

RNA-seq data with rRNA depletion and RNase R treatment was employed to characterize
the expression profiles of circRNAs in GC, and RNA-seq data only with rRNA depletion was employed
to identify differentially expressed mRNAs in GC. Based on the full-sequence information
and accurate isoform-level quantification of circRNA transcripts calculated by the CircAST tool, we
performed a series of bioinformatic analyses. A circRNA-miRNA-hub gene regulatory network was
constructed to reveal the circRNA-mediated regulation of competing endogenous RNAs in GC, and
then the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built to identify hub genes.

Results:

A total of 18,398 circular transcripts were successfully reconstructed in the samples. Herein,
351 upregulated and 177 downregulated circRNA transcripts were identified. Functional enrichment
analysis revealed that their parental genes were strongly associated with GC. After several
screening steps, 19 dysregulated circRNA transcripts, 40 related miRNAs, and 65 target genes
(mRNAs) were selected to construct the ceRNA network. Through PPI analysis, five hub genes
(COL5A2, PDGFRB, SPARC, COL1A2, and COL4A1) were excavated. All these hub genes may
play vital roles in gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

Conclusion:

Our study revealed a comprehensive profile of full-length circRNA transcripts in GC,
which could provide potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for GC treatment. The results
would be helpful for further studies on the biological roles of circRNAs in GC and offer new mechanistic
insights into the pathogenesis of GC.
Interferon Causes Endothelial Injury in Humans
Authors: Adeva-Andany Maria M. , Adeva-Contreras Lucía , Fernandez-Fernandez Carlos , Vila-Altesor Matilde , Castro-Quintela Elvira , Funcasta-Calderon Raquel
Published: October 2024

Therapy with exogenous interferon and human conditions that feature endogenous interferon
upregulation may be associated with endothelial damage that primarily involves small blood
vessels. Endothelial injury associated with interferon may display different clinical expression, including
thrombotic microangiopathy, Raynaud’s phenomenon, vasculopathy of dermatomyositis
and atrophic papulosis, interferon-associated skin angiopathy, systemic capillary leak syndrome,
collapsing glomerulopathy, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and retinopathy. Interferon-
induced endothelial damage involves complement-mediated injury, although pathogenic
mechanisms by which interferon promote abnormal complement activation on endothelial cells
are not fully understood. Human interferon-γ (type II interferon) binds to heparan sulfate on the endothelial
surface, suggesting that overproduction of interferon-γ may hinder factor H attachment
to the same location. Absence of factor H on self surfaces promotes activation of the alternative
pathway of complement and complement-mediated endothelial damage. Type I interferon typically
induces the generation of antibodies. Type I interferon upregulation may elicit the formation of
autoantibodies against factor H. These autoantibodies block factor H binding to endothelial surfaces,
abolishing the protective effect of factor H on complement-mediated damage. In addition,
interferon induces insulin resistance which is associated with reduced heparan sulfate in the extracellular
matrix, including the endothelial surface. Decreased amount of heparan sulfate suppresses
factor H attachment, promoting activation of the alternative pathway of complement. Complement
blockade with eculizumab (a monoclonal antibody against C5) improves endothelial damage in patients
with thrombotic microangiopathy and other situations associated with interferon upregulation
and interferon-induced endothelial injury, suggesting that complement-mediated injury is clinically
relevant under conditions that feature interferon overproduction.
Semiconductor Nanomaterials
Authors: Chauhan Monika , Bhatia Ananya , Chauhan Diwakar , Jain A. K.
Published: October 2024

The physical and chemical characteristics of semiconductor materials
radically alter as their size is shrunk to the nanoscale, giving rise to unusual traits
because of their enormous surface area or quantum size effect. Despite being at the
research stage right now, semiconductor nanomaterials and devices hold great promise
for use in a variety of sectors, including solar cells, nanoscale electronics, lightemitting nanodevices, laser technology, waveguides, pharmaceuticals, and biosensors.
The semiconductors will undoubtedly experience substantial advancements as
nanotechnology continues to advance. The entire mechanism is regulated with the help
of band theory, which includes valence band, conduction band and an energy gap, also
considered forbidden gaps. These semiconductors when converted into nano sizes are
corresponded to nanoparticles, which have the potential to accommodate various
functionalities due to the reduced size, which increases the surface area for better
function, adsorption, efficiency, and other things as discussed in the book chapter. This
chapter also focuses on some of the most important activities now underway and
problems that must be solved to enhance nanostructures and nanodevices based on
semiconductors.
Advances in Nanostructure-Induced Photocatalysis
Authors: Shaheen Saman , Jain Arvind Kumar , Ali Syed Asim , Pandit Nayeem Ahmad , Ahmad Tokeer
Published: October 2024

As the catastrophic effects of global energy are becoming severe day by day,
researchers are focusing on adapting environmental sustainability in order to restore the
natural habitat of the planet. Photocatalysis is an environmentally benign approach to
combating various non-sustainable operations via green chemistry. Photocatalysis
comprises the change in the kinetics of chemical transformations by the absorption of
light. Photocatalysis is the promising route of producing green hydrogen via overall
water splitting without any toxic by-products. Verily, photocatalytic reduction of
carbon dioxide is another significant sustainable operation that ascertains its
sequestration and conversion into value-added chemical feedstock and fuels. These
highly sought photocatalytic applications demand unique multifunctional nano catalytic
systems that can effectively carry out these sustainable operations due to their
advanced optoelectronic and morphological properties alongside having higher
exposed active sites. Realizing the potential of nanostructures in the field of
photocatalysis, we have synergistically emphasized both these topics in this book
chapter under the light of the classification of nanostructures and two vital
photocatalytic applications of hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide mitigation.
Graphene Oxide (GO) and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Based Humidity Sensors
Authors: Sharma Alfa , Sharma Akash , Panghal Asha , Kumar Yogendra
Published: October 2024

Humidity sensors are critical in a wide range of applications ranging from
automotive, biomedical, chemical, and electronics industries, to scientific research
laboratories. Here we discussed widely acclaimed synthesis techniques for the
preparation of graphene and its derivatives. Graphene, along with its analogues GO,
and rGO shows improved surface properties making it sensitive to fractional change in
ambient surroundings. GO/rGO-based sensory materials owing to their distinctive
physio-chemical features appeared as a competitive sensor in comparison to the widely
used metal oxides. The enhancement in the merits of GO-based humidity sensors is
ascribed to the various functionalized groups on the GO surface. Pristine GO is
employed as a capacitive sensor, whereas reduced GO (rGO) with improved
conductivity is extensively utilized as a chemiresistive humidity sensor. Similarly,
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and 2D- layered graphene have been explored as
humidity sensors due to their massive scope of manipulation in properties. The chemiresistive humidity sensor gains an advantage over any type of available sensor owing to
its cost-effective fabrication, easier integration with the CMOS platform, and efficient
operation. This review aims to establish the evaluability of GO and rGO humidity
sensors and their role in the progress of the next generation of flexible sensors for the
Internet of Things (IoT).
Nano Lubricants and their Applications
Authors: Paliyal Paramjeet Singh , Kuchhal Piyush , Mondal Surajit
Published: October 2024

In the current growing demand for lubricants, there is a need for the
improvement in their lubricating property. This chapter presents an extensive review of
Nano lubricants as well as their applications in a variety of business sectors. Nowadays,
the additives of the nanoparticles are coming in trend to increase the lubricating
property of any lubricant for use in various applications, for this purpose the additives
are dispersed in the base oil which forms the stable lubricating fluid. The addition of
nanoparticles in the lubrication provides several benefits as compared with the ordinary
lubricant such as reduced friction wear and tear, increased load-carrying capacity, and
enhanced thermal stability. Continued research and development in the field of
nanotechnology are unlocking the potential pertaining to Nano lubricants resulting in
applications in high temperatures, high pressures, and corrosive environments where
ordinary lubricants cannot work properly. Additionally, they are being explored for
their uses in microdevices, electronics, and advanced materials. When seen from the
perspective of the future, the future of Nano lubricants presents many exciting
potentials. The current focus of research is on the investigation of innovative
nanoparticles, the enhancement of dispersion techniques, and the customization of
lubricant compositions for particular applications. The potential of Nano lubricants will
be further explored as nanotechnology, tribology, and material science make further
strides forward. This will allow for an expansion of their use in developing industries
and the creation of lubricating solutions that are more environmentally friendly and
efficient in terms of energy use.
Shifting Spectra: Comparative Approaches to Image Making in Science and Art University of the Arts London. Central Saint Martins.
Authors: Kesseler Rob
Published: October 2024

Shifting spectra sits upon an evolving history of image making in relation to science as it has evolved from conventional graphic means, through early photography into a complex digital domain. The paper goes on to explore a territory in which the artist and the scientist generate comparative images of complex micro-organisms. Their results converge and diverge as defined by the parameters and potential of the technology, the intended audience, and their personal aesthetic. The past twenty years have seen extensive advances in micro imaging that enable the scientist to move beyond the limitations of earlier protocols and this is a territory into which artists have increasingly been drawn. This article reflects on the history of photography and science and draws upon recent collaborations between the author and botanical scientists working in the United Kingdom, Germany and Portugal in which microscopy fulfils the dual role of scientific analysis and artistic interpretation of plant science.
El impacto del COVID-19 en la calidad de vida de los latinoamericanos en Nueva Zelanda
Authors: Lopez Severiche Alfredo
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This research explored how COVID-19 has negatively affected the quality of life for Latin Americans in New Zealand. No study has yet been conducted on this topic. Objective: This is a pilot study that describes the effects of the pandemic on the quality of life of the Latino community in that country. According to the academic literature, the concept of quality of life is broad and encompasses objective and subjective factors. Methodology: This is a qualitative study that used digital ethnography as a methodological approach. In this way, the observation of the participants through Facebook (as digital ethnography) and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection methods. Ten Latin American participants from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela participated in this study. Participants were recruited through Facebook ads. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data produced by this research. Results: The findings of this study show that COVID-19 has not seriously affected the quality of life of the participants. Conclusions: Despite the fact that CVID-19 has somehow impacted the quality of life of Latin Americans in New Zealand, they think that their current quality of life in that country is positive, happy and pleasant.
Outcomes of Patients With Early and Locally Advanced Lung Cancer: Protocol for the Italian Lung Cancer Observational Study (LUCENT)
Authors: Bertolaccini Luca , Ciani Oriana , Lucchi Marco , Zaraca Francesco , Bertani Alessandro , Crisci Roberto , Spaggiari Lorenzo ,   LUCENT Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background

Lung cancer, predominantly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), remains a formidable challenge, necessitating an in-depth understanding of evolving treatment paradigms. The Italian Lung Cancer Observational Study (LUCENT) addresses this need by investigating the outcomes of patients with early and locally advanced lung cancer in Italy.

Objective

With a focus on real-world data and patient registries, this study aims to provide comprehensive insights into clinical, psychosocial, and economic impacts, contributing to informed decision-making in health care.

Methods

LUCENT is a prospective observational multicenter cohort study enrolling patients eligible for minimally invasive manual, robot-assisted, or traditional open surgery. The study will develop a web-based registry to collect longitudinal surgical, oncological, and socioeconomic outcome data. The primary objectives include performance assessment through the establishment of national benchmarks based on risk-adjusted outcomes and processes of care indicators. The secondary objectives encompass economic and psychosocial impact assessments of innovative technologies and treatment pathways. The multicenter design ensures a diverse and representative study population.

Results

The evolving landscape of NSCLC treatment necessitates a nuanced approach with consideration of the dynamic shifts in therapeutic strategies. LUCENT strives to fill existing knowledge gaps by providing a platform for collecting and analyzing real-world data, emphasizing the importance of patient-reported outcomes in enhancing the understanding of the disease. By developing a web-based registry, the study not only facilitates efficient data collection but also addresses the limitations of traditional methods, such as suboptimal response rates and costs associated with paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Recruitment will be conducted from January 01, 2024, to December 31, 2026. Follow-up will be performed for a minimum of 2 years. The study will be completed in the year 2028.

Conclusions

LUCENT’s potential implications are substantial. Establishing national benchmarks will enable a thorough evaluation of outcomes and care processes, guiding clinicians and policymakers in optimizing patient management. Furthermore, the study’s secondary objectives, focusing on economic and psychosocial impacts, align with the contemporary emphasis on holistic cancer care. Insights gained from this study may influence treatment strategies, resource utilization, and patient well-being, thereby contributing to the ongoing refinement of lung cancer management.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05851755; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05851755. ISRCTN 67197140; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN67197140

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/57183