bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’offre technique dans le travail de définition de la vieillesse
Authors: Clément Serge , Dubreuil Christine
Published: June 2019

Les débats apportés par l’innovation technique à visée gérontologique peuvent nous apprendre beaucoup sur la question de la construction sociale de la vieillesse. L’analyse de la situation entre offre technique et demande gérontologique dans le processus de réalisation des « résidences intégrées » pour personnes âgées à Toulouse nous conduit à distinguer trois cas de figure. Les offreurs de techniques ou de technologies peuvent ne pas partir d’un « modèle » de personnes âgées, ou même vouloir éviter le « spécifique vieillesse ». L’offre peut aussi s’appuyer sur un modèle fort de vieillissement, celui de la vieillesse dépendante, en privilégiant l’aménagement pour personnes handicapées. Enfin, la mise à l’épreuve de la technique par les usages des résidents constitue une forme de construction de la demande dans laquelle se jouent les définitions de la vieillesse dans l’interaction entre les professionnels, les techniques et les personnes vieillissantes. L’offre en technologies non spécifiques n’a pas été suivie de réalisations effectives. Les aménagements privilégiant le modèle du handicap ont dû souvent être révisés. La technologie la plus spécifique de la vie à la vieillesse, la téléalarme, ne prend son sens que dans un usage fortement médiatisé par la « maîtresse de maison ». C’est finalement cette profession de maîtresse de maison qui apparaît, dans le registre de la « technique sociale », comme l’innovation la plus en prise avec les débats sur les définitions de la vieillesse.
Technologie et confiance
Authors: Lie Mabel , Brittain Katie
Published: June 2019

Du fait de l’évolution démographique et de l’augmentation du nombre de personnes âgées vivant seules, la prise en charge des populations vieillissantes suscite des préoccupations. Les avancées technologiques sont de plus en plus considérées comme une solution. Pour les personnes qui ne se considèrent pas suffisamment âgées ou fragiles pour nécessiter des soins et qui souhaitent conserver leur statut d’individus autonomes, le développement des technologies d’assistance telles que les systèmes ambiants de télésurveillance constituent une réponse possible. Cela implique toutefois de prendre en compte avec précaution la façon dont les personnes âgées considèrent leur sécurité et leur intimité, mais également leurs expériences et leurs relations avec la technologie, les aidants et les prestataires de services concernés. Deux tests d’un système de télésurveillance ont été menés au Royaume-Uni, avec le financement du United Kingdom Technology Strategy Board (Agence britannique d’innovation technologique). Le point de vue des personnes âgées sur ces questions a été recueilli avant et après les tests. Cet article présente une analyse conceptuelle des données qualitatives à l’aide d’un cadre sociologique de la confiance, qui prend en compte les habitudes de vie, les relations avec les proches et avec les grandes institutions. Les recherches ont montré que les habitudes et les règles des personnes âgées ne sont pas nécessairement perturbées par le système de télésurveillance. Le plus important, c’est la relation de confiance qui s’instaure entre la personne âgée et son « référent », ainsi que les prestataires de services institutionnels qui doivent inspirer confiance ou s’y efforcer.
Les outils technologiques au service du contrôle de gestion dans les Ehpad
Authors: Nirello Laura
Published: June 2019

Les établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (Ehpad) connaissent un développement important des nouvelles technologies qui accompagnent les professionnels dans la prise en charge des résidents. L’objet de cet article est de montrer comment ces outils se sont retrouvés au service du contrôle de gestion, que ce soit au travers de l’émission de tableaux de bord recensant les niveaux de dépendance des résidents ou encore du suivi informatique des dossiers. À partir d’une enquête qualitative réalisée au sein de huit établissements en Pays de la Loire et auprès d’une trentaine d’entretiens, nous montrerons que l’usage des technologies contribue à une forme de rationalisation de l’activité dans un contexte de maîtrise des dépenses publiques. À l’aide de la théorie de la régulation sociale de Jean-Daniel Reynaud, nous verrons que le travail prescrit augmente dans les établissements, les marges de manœuvre des salariés se réduisant de plus en plus. Les outils technologiques se trouvent ainsi au cœur d’un paradoxe : ils sont mis en place pour améliorer la qualité du travail des salariés, mais participent dans la pratique à sa détérioration.
Avant-propos
Authors: Scheider Marion , Moulaert Thibauld , Viriot-Durandal Jean-Philippe
Published: June 2019

Entre 2000 et 2050, le nombre de personnes âgées de 60 ans et plus passera de 600 millions à près de 2 milliards (ONU, 2011 et 2013). Dans le même temps, 2,5 milliards de personnes supplémentaires sont attendues dans les milieux urbains. Ces évolutions obligent à repenser les modes d’urbanisation, l’adaptation du périurbain et du milieu rural. Ils questionnent l’avenir des solidarités formelles et informelles et le rôle structurant des politiques publiques. La conjonction des transitions démographiques et des mutations territoriales s’opérant au niveau mondial impose donc de revisiter les cadres d’analyse ordinaires pour anticiper et accompagner les effets du vieillissement sur les territoires. S’appuyant sur des travaux et expérimentations menés en France et à l’étranger, le premier numéro de ce dossier, composé de deux volets, propose une série de pistes en matière d’aménagement des territoires et de construction d’espaces démocratiques, pour tenter de relever ces nombreux défis auxquels la société doit faire face.
Vieillissement et territoires : cadres théoriques et enjeux empiriques
Authors: Blanchet Mickaël , Pihet Christian , Chapon Pierre-Marie
Published: June 2019

Du latin territorium , le territoire désigne selon Guy Di Méo (1998) « une appropriation à la fois économique, idéologique et politique (sociale, donc) de l’espace par des groupes qui se donnent une représentation particulière d’eux-mêmes, de leur histoire » (Di Méo, 1998, p. 42). Édifice matériel et idéel, le territoire ne fonctionne pas comme un support neutre et univoque et varie selon différents processus d’appropriation. Dans un contexte de vieillissement de la population, géographiquement différencié, et de politiques gérontologiques sectorisées et individualisées, le territoire s’est progressivement imposé comme un moyen de compréhension des problématiques gérontologiques et un levier d’action sur le plan politique. Aujourd’hui, l’intérêt pour la notion de « territoire » est visible au sein de la gérontologie, à travers des programmes mondiaux comme celui de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) en faveur des « villes et communautés-amies des aînés » (Vada) ou dans la loi relative à l’adaptation de la société au vieillissement (décembre 2015). Fort de cette orientation, l’objectif de l’article consiste à présenter la force du concept de « territoire » dans l’appréhension des dynamiques gérontologiques, notamment en montrant en quoi une approche systémique de cette notion s’avère propice à la compréhension des processus de production, d’organisation, d’inclusion et d’exclusion dans le domaine gérontologique.
Vieillir chez soi dans la diversité des formes urbaines et rurales du Québec, Canada
Authors: Lord Sébastien , Negron-Poblete Paula , Després Michel
Published: June 2019

Dans le cadre de la démarche « Municipalités-amies des aînés » (Mada), les municipalités québécoises sont appelées à développer une réflexion, avec un protocole d’évaluation commun, visant la mise en place d’aménagements et services qui permettraient un vieillissement plus inclusif et actif. Dans ce contexte, si la mobilité est fortement tributaire des caractéristiques individuelles, les attributs du territoire ont aussi une incidence sur le potentiel de mobilité de ses habitants et sur leurs possibilités de participation sociale. Ainsi, la relative mixité fonctionnelle, la densité résidentielle et l’accessibilité territoriale des quartiers centraux des grandes villes sont souvent présentées comme plus favorables au vieillissement que les milieux suburbains. Mais qu’en est-il des villes moyennes, des territoires périurbains, ou des zones rurales ? Est-ce que l’on serait en présence d’enjeux d’aménagement significativement différents, voire contrastés, qui nécessiteraient une démarche Mada particulière ? Dans cet article nous nous penchons sur le rôle que jouent l’aménagement et l’urbanisme dans la construction et la consolidation de territoires favorables au vieillissement selon différents milieux de vie. D’abord, nous proposons une typologie de formes résidentielles déclinée dans six régions québécoises (Outaouais, Laurentides, Lanaudière, Montréal, Laval et Mauricie) faisant ressortir des enjeux communs, mais souvent contrastés. Ensuite, nous débattons de ces enjeux à la lumière de huit groupes de discussion menés avec des aînés de ces territoires. Si la complexité des enjeux apparaît déterminante, leur dénominateur commun qu’est le couple proximité/accessibilité ressort comme un objet de réflexion et d’intervention multidisciplinaire privilégié et fondamental.
Exclure et protéger
Authors: Perrin-Joly Constance
Published: June 2019

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans une grande entreprise de transport française, cet article propose d’identifier les processus de ségrégation ou d’éviction des salariés, selon leur âge ou leur genre, tout au long de leur parcours professionnel. La culture virile, propre aux métiers du transport, rend difficile la prise en considération de la pénibilité du travail par son organisation même, justifiant ainsi l’exclusion des femmes et des plus âgés considérés comme potentiellement moins aptes à la supporter. Pourtant certaines femmes peuvent à terme être intégrées, à condition de se soumettre à la norme professionnelle et organisationnelle très stricte de la « maternité contrôlée ». Elles bénéficieront alors, au même titre que les salariés masculins les plus âgés, de la solidarité du collectif, d’autant plus puissante que le groupe professionnel est reconnu. Cette solidarité permet à certains d’entre eux (hommes et femmes) de supporter la pénibilité et de se maintenir dans le métier en dépit de l’avancée en âge.
Le prolongement de la vie professionnelle des Québécois : une nécessité pour la société, les travailleurs et les employeurs ?
Authors: Latulippe Denis , St-Onge Sylvie , Gagné Claudia , Ballesteros-Leiva Felix , Beauchamp-Legault Marie-Ève
Published: June 2019

Cet article présente les enjeux liés à l’allongement de la vie active des travailleurs québécois. Il démontre ainsi l’importance sur le plan économique de prolonger la vie professionnelle des travailleurs âgés considérant la baisse anticipée de la population active au Québec. Puis il montre, à partir d’une analyse des comportements des travailleurs âgés québécois et canadiens, qu’un nombre croissant d’entre eux veulent travailler plus longtemps pour augmenter des revenus de retraite insuffisants, ou encore pour des raisons d’accomplissement personnel. S’ils optent pour une cessation plus tardive de leurs activités professionnelles, ils le font souvent de manière progressive et en modifiant le temps, le lieu et le contenu de leur travail. Enfin, il présente une étude par entrevues auprès d’employeurs et une revue des écrits d’où il ressort la présence de pratiques de gestion visant à favoriser le prolongement de la vie active des travailleurs varie grandement d’une organisation à l’autre. Par conséquent, les chercheurs doivent poursuivre leurs efforts pour mieux comprendre les facteurs sociétaux, organisationnels et individuels qui favorisent la prolongation de la vie professionnelle et le maintien en emploi des travailleurs âgés.
Les pratiques instituantes d’une gouvernance communale. Un laboratoire de commun au Mexique
Authors: Roy Matthieu , Klein Juan-Luis
Published: June 2019

Ce texte se penche sur les pratiques instituantes de gouvernance communale dans le village de Capulálpam de Méndez, situé dans l’État de Oaxaca au Mexique. À partir d’un système de gouvernance communale hérité de la réforme agraire réalisée dans le cadre de la révolution mexicaine et de pratiques ancestrales, cette communauté a mis en place plusieurs instances et entreprises collectives qui l’ont dynamisée. Le mode de fonctionnement du système de responsabilités collectives (système de "cargos") en vigueur dans le village et la façon dont le développement y a été articulé ont permis à Capulálpam de résister aux réformes néolibérales appliquées ou promues par le gouvernement mexicain depuis les années 1980. Nous voyons dans ce texte comment un cadrage normatif et cognitif et des mécanismes de reproduction sociale ont privilégié la valeur d’usage et la qualité de vie en soumettant le développement aux priorités sociales et aux intérêts citoyens. Dans cette logique, le territoire, autant dans sa dimension physique que symbolique, favorise la cohésion sociale et permet la prédominance du commun.
Métiers d’art itinérants : artisans en migration (France et espace alpin, xviie-xixe siècle)
Authors: Duhem Sophie
Published: June 2019

La finalité de ce dossier thématique est de comprendre, dans un contexte de migration, la nature des dynamiques sociales à l’œuvre en milieu urbain et rural autour des métiers d’art itinérants ou exercés par des artisans émigrés, des Italiens notamment. La chronologie envisagée englobe l’époque moderne – car si la présence italienne en France à la Renaissance a été largement documentée par la bibliographie, les xviie et xviiie siècles le sont beaucoup moins, comme la première moitié du xixe siècle, marquée par l’arrivée et l’installation de nombreux artisans émigrés. Cette introduction examine plusieurs points : après une brève présentation de l’objet d’étude et un état des lieux non exhaustif de la bibliographie, elle veut s’attacher aux cadres de la réflexion actuelle, en partant de l’analyse des réseaux sociaux, de l’étude des transferts culturels et d’approches convergentes. Nous discuterons l’intérêt de ces nouveaux outils comme les apports complémentaires des méthodologies utilisées par les auteurs de ce numéro pour saisir les relations interpersonnelles au sein des communautés formées par les artisans émigrés.
Les Italiens dans le Val de Saône. Découverte d’un réseau d’artisans émigrés au xviiie et au xixe siècle
Authors: Guéritey Pierre Marie
Published: June 2019

Entre 1760 et 1870, les stucateurs, plâtriers et entrepreneurs italiens de la Valsesia sont la seule population d’étrangers présente dans le Val de Saône, structurée par ses liens familiaux et la relation conservée avec ses villages d’origine, ouverte au milieu d’accueil par la communauté de techniques. Les décors qu’ils réalisent à la veille de la Révolution, en particulier dans les églises, sont déjà néoclassiques. Les sources permettent d’identifier ces œuvres et documentent presque au quotidien la vie de plusieurs générations de ces artisans.
L’étude de l’histoire de l’art au Québec et au Canada, du xviie au xixe siècle, à l’aune des échanges culturels et des interrelations sociales
Authors: Ouellet Pierre-Olivier
Published: June 2019

Dans le contexte d’un entretien mené par Sophie Duhem et articulé autour des questions de circulations, de réseaux sociaux, de transferts culturels et d’« identités artistiques », cet article effectue un retour sur les cadres méthodologiques et théoriques utilisés par l’historien de l’art Pierre-Olivier Ouellet lors de ses recherches menées sur les arts québécois et canadien. Celui-ci prend notamment appui sur sa thèse de doctorat, Circulation, usages et fonctions des œuvres d’art par les civils et les militaires en Nouvelle-France (1608-1759), ses divers articles, de même que sur ses recherches actuelles sur l’artiste canadien-français François Baillairgé (1759-1830) afin de mieux définir son cheminement et développer des réflexions autour de sa pratique et de son champ d’étude.
Une migration sous le regard d’Alphonse Dupront
Authors: Teulières Laure
Published: June 2019

L’article constitue un accompagnement critique de l’étude intitulée « L’immigration italienne dans le Gers », rédigée en 1928 par Alphonse Dupront et restée inédite jusqu’à sa publication en 2018. Écrit de jeunesse du futur grand historien, alors étudiant normalien, elle aborde l’immigration à travers l’enquête de terrain qu’il a réalisée dans sa région d’origine (le canton de Condom). L’approche est caractérisée par cet ancrage territorial, cette proximité à l’objet et ce choix méthodologique. Alphonse Dupront pose un regard ancré dans la géographie physique du milieu rural gascon, mobilise les catégories de son temps tout en développant une approche compréhensive du sujet. Loin des débats inquiets sur les migrations et des théorisations abusives qui entachent bien des textes de cette époque, son étude constitue un jalon tout à fait remarquable au vu de l’historiographie à venir.
Influencing Customers Globally Through Unique Branding and Positioning Strategy
Authors: Maheshwari Namrata
Published: June 2019

Uber has brought innovative changes in the transportation sector and popularized the online booking habits worldwide among customers. They introduced the use of internet and social media marketing to develop and position their brand. Within a decade, the customer's support has taken them into a secured place in global market. The customer's internet friendly behavior has supported the business, but simultaneously their unique marketing strategies also helped them in getting worldwide recognition. They provided customized products and services according to countries and customers' requirements. They offered drivers a partnership of the organisation which was a unique strategy and referrals and social media marketing strategies brought a new height to the business. The study covers the marketing, branding and positioning strategies of Uber and suggests a framework for better implementation of strategies.
Advertising Adaptation
Authors: Gülmez Emrah
Published: June 2019

In a globalizing world, global brands seek to reach consumers around the world through global marketing strategies. In order to achieve this, global advertising strategies set in global marketing strategies are very important. Advertising adaptation, which is one of the aspects of global advertising strategies, means adapting a global brand's ad for different countries. One of the main reasons why brands utilize advertising adaptation is the cultural and language differences among countries. Advertising adaptation is much more than translation of advertisements. In addition, advertising adaptation is a cultural phenomenon. In this context, advertising adaptation concept will thoroughly be analyzed in this section, and comparison of advertising adaptation with standardization, relation between advertising adaptation and translation and relation between advertising adaptation and culture will be addressed. Later on, it will attempt to explain how advertising is adapted, stages of advertising adaptation process, and types of advertising adaptation through examples.
Characterization of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Components From a Low Carbon Fly Ash
Authors: Rano Ruma
Published: June 2019

Low carbon coal ash—a solid air pollutant from super thermal power plant using pulverized fuel combustor—has been characterized in respect of its physico-chemical, mineralogical, and morphological features. Size-classified fractions with their magnetic and non-magnetic components have also been characterized. Low loss on ignition and particle size distribution profile shows fly ash has high utility. The magic number,10 µm, is attained by greater % of particles. The particles with diameter 50 µm occupy population density of 93%. SEM-EDS reveals that particles are mostly globular with high surface enrichment of Al/Si indicating that it will act as un-reactive inert fillers. In magnetic components, various types of Fe bearing phase are present with less porous and more regular shape than non-magnetic components. Finer fractions have high content of magnetite which is expected to help in coal beneficiation. The finer non-magnetic fraction is a source of alumino-siliceous material for synthesizing a novel solid acid or base catalyst for catalyzing industrially important organic reactions.
Air Pollution Meteorology
Authors: Ravichandran C.
Published: June 2019

Air pollution is a major environmental problem. It is divided into indoor air pollution and outdoor air pollution. The pollutants released in the outdoor atmosphere are under the control of meteorological conditions prevailing at the time of emission and after. Thus, the subject, air pollution meteorology, has emerged. It explains the significance of meteorological aspects and their influences on air pollutants emitted in the outdoor atmosphere. Prevailing winds and atmospheric stability are the two major factors that determine the dispersion of the pollutants. In this chapter, a brief outline is presented on composition and structure of atmosphere, and its processes such as radiation through the atmosphere, winds, global circulation, and atmospheric stability. Mixing height and ventilation coefficients are explained. The prediction of air quality using Gaussian dispersion model with the input of data of emission and meteorology is also explained.
Public and Public-Private Cooperation in Building Resilient Urban Logistics
Authors: Baron Marie-Laure , Saryazdi Ali Khodadad
Published: June 2019

While public-private partnerships remain a valuable instrument to manage new infrastructures, asset specificity and high risk in innovative contexts call for public management. The chapter outlines the importance of public partnerships as a prerequisite to public-private partnerships in developing resilient urban logistics. After reviewing literature related to public partnerships and public-private partnerships, the authors focus their attention on the elaboration of the innovative “La Chapelle” International intermodal urban terminal in Paris. This chapter relies on former research in the fields of public, public-private partnerships, and urban freight logistics. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, it illustrates the application and consistency of these contributions in the urban freight logistics. From a managerial point of view, the chapter provides insight into cooperation regarding integrated urban freight logistics management in large cities.
Localization Patterns of Urban Food Distribution Centers in Metropolitan Lima
Authors: Mendez Christiam , Lazarte Martha , Cacho Rocío
Published: June 2019

This chapter is aimed at exploring the patterns that guide the decision of food urban distribution centers in the city of Lima, which is characterized by spontaneous and unplanned growth, and where the inhabitants of the city mainly source of trade traditional with 1,200 food markets and 100,000 neighborhood stores. The rapid food system consultation tool created by FAO was used, which triangulated secondary sources and applied surveys in households, retail traders, and wholesalers. A statistical and spatial description was made of location factors: commercial density, supply habits of the retail and UDC, accessibility, connectivity, land use and access barriers to the land. It was concluded with the identification of four patterns of settlement of UDC: demand, supply, mobility, and land availability.
Modelling City Logistics Scenarios in Ecuadorian Big Cities Based on Multi-Objective Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Baran Benjamin , Eitzen Haiko , Pires Fabio Lopez , Sandoya Fernando , Chicaiza Jorge Luis
Published: June 2019

Classic formulations of the two-echelon vehicle routing problem (2E-VRP) reflect the perspective of a single provider. The lack of coordination between providers executing their individual schedules and, consequently, the lack of a holistic approach to urban traffic may cause further problems. Various stakeholders may have conflicting objectives. This chapter presents a multi-objective formulation of a multi-provider heterogeneous vehicle 2E-VRP from a city government perspective, demonstrating the potential benefit of this approach to all parties involved, simultaneously considering conflicting objectives. Additionally, the design and development of a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for the formulated problem is presented. An experimental evaluation considering real data from Ecuadorian cities is presented to validate the proposed MOEA, demonstrating that it is capable to find good quality solutions, is scalable, and its solutions are improved throughout its execution.
Efficacy in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Distribution in Urban Environments
Authors: Padilla Julio A. , Coz Juan E.
Published: June 2019

Companies distributing LPG in cities used to have two kinds of customers: gas stations that sell it to final users and commercial consumers that use the gas in their own operations. They have to manage the inventory of gas and the daily schedule of the vehicles that transport the gas to the customers. The objective is to meet customer demand, but they are producing low average vehicle loads and empty vehicle kilometers. The authors present a short-term horizon tactical planning system that includes forecasting of sales in gas stations, lower and upper limits of the daily requirement in each customer, and a binary goal programming that determines the life cycle of each vehicle. The slack of the limits allows meeting a service level in the demands, while working with full loads in the vehicles. The system includes a scheduler for the first day and for each chain. It uses a clustering of customers for each vehicle reducing the GPS time network and a shortest path algorithm to determine the routes to visit each customer. The largest fuel distributor of Peru has implemented the system.
Analysis of Financial Flow for Small Producers of Colombian Coffee
Authors: Ovalle Oscar Rubiano , Orozco Helmer Paz , Sinisterra Hector Angulo
Published: June 2019

The Colombian coffee that grows in the mountainous coffee zone, due to its qualities such as its clean rate, acidity, aroma, softness, and body, continues to have a representative share in the market. In this way, the intervention of the state has been necessary so that the sector can have sufficient income both to satisfy its basic survival needs and to guarantee the continuity of production. In this chapter, the impact of the own investment and economic support policies formulated by the Colombian government on the financial flow of the coffee farmers was evaluated through a systems dynamics model. To achieve this objective, the current conditions of the Colombian coffee sector were studied, the supply chain was modeled with systems dynamics, and scenarios were simulated alluding to the policies evaluated.
Constructing a Resilient Distribution System Using Cabotage
Authors: Puma-Ayasta Edison , Lores Jorge M. Young , Cueto-Cachay Carmen E. , Caballero-Quispe Aranzazu J. , Tinoco-Cortez Christian A. , Espinoza-Contreras Claudia L. , Bravo Miguel J. Huamaní
Published: June 2019

After a major disaster, commercial supply and delivery activities suffer serious problems because transport infrastructures can be damaged, destroyed, inactive, or restricted. During the first months of 2017 in Peru, the phenomenon of the coastal El Niño increased rainfall along the coast, which caused the blockage of numerous roads and bridges that affected one and a half million people. This situation caused many companies to halt their distribution logistics operations. For this reason cabotage was considered to replace traditional transport to merchandise by road. Maritime cabotage consists of the transport of loads and people considering short distances and low-medium loads. This research tackles increasing resilience distribution using cabotage as an option to transport merchandise in post-disaster scenario through a Peruvian processed food company based on empirical evidence. Results show that cabotage service is in process to mature in Peru. The company analyzed showed positive results during the coastal El Niño 2017 phenomenon.
Humanitarian Logistics Budget Model
Authors: Acuña Roland , Berrocal Patrick , Huicho Cristian , Ochoa Andrea , Salazar Astrid , Chong Mario
Published: June 2019

In the chapter, the optimal budget was assigned to prevention projects in the northern regions, through an analysis that took into account criteria such as the degree of vulnerability, the level of poverty, the population, and the level of expenditure execution (capacity management of each regional government) in 2015 and 2016. AHP (multicriteria analysis) was used to estimate the degree of vulnerability of each region, since to determine this it is necessary to take into account several criteria and fuzzy logic in order to obtain the budget for each region. The regions to be analyzed were Ica, Lima, Ancash, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura, and Tumbes, the most affected by El Niño Costero in 2017.
A Comprehensive Survey on Edge Computing for the IoT
Authors: Pravin A.  , Jacob Prem , Nagarajan G.
Published: June 2019

The IoT concept is used in various applications and it uses different devices for collecting data and processing the data. Various sets of devices such as sensors generate a large amount of data and the data will be forwarded to the appropriate devices for processing. The devices used will range from small devices to larger devices. The edge computing becomes the major role in overcoming the difficulties in cloud computing, the nearby devices are used as servers for providing better services. Most of the issues such as power consumption, data security, and response time will be addressed. The IoT plays a major role in many real-world applications. In this chapter, the basics and the use of the Edge computing concept in different applications are discussed. Edge computing can be used to increase the overall performance of the IoT. The performance of various applications in terms of edge computing and other methodologies are analyzed.
Need for Internet of Things
Authors: Sonti V. J. K. Kishor , G. Sundari
Published: June 2019

The emergence of a novel technology always has had a greater influence on the environmental and social conditions of an individual or society. Technology has taken social living to leaps and bounds in the past few decades. Any advancement in the technology has certainly has healthy and adverse implications on the growth engine of the society. The standard of living of the people often gets perturbed by the richness of scientific innovation in the form of technological products. In this context, the emerging innovation that is slowly conquering the social lifestyle in the recent past is internet of things (IoT). IoT offers the advantage of anytime from anywhere, helps in predicting the outcome with accuracy, the transfer of data and in the implementation of flexible electronics. The concept of smart cities to wearable electronics, high-end computing systems applications would not have been possible without IoT. There is another aspect of IoT that has greater influence on the society. The ethical and legal implications are complex to understand, and this book chapter addresses all these issues.
Internet of Things
Authors: Geetha G.
Published: June 2019

The internet of things is a prime technology that promises to improve human lives. The revolution of the internet of things (IoT), along with the rapid growing of robots in many applications of everyday life, makes embedded IoT with robotics applications impact the future social growth. IoT technology aims at improving the quality of following social things similar to urban life by collecting personal data, tracking human movements, mapping them with various sources of information. The objective of the internet of things is to connect billions of things like sensors, actuators, RFID devices, and others make this technology an important aspect in our everyday life and work. The IoT could emphasize the social values as privacy, equality, trust, and individual choice and their implementation and management.
Business Aspects, Models, and Opportunities of IoT
Authors: S. Baghavathi Priya , Arumugam Vinothini
Published: June 2019

The new conceivable rule of the future is going to be anything can be connected and will be connected over the internet. Technically, internet of things, is defined as the computing concept of connecting the devices over the internet. This adds a level of digital intelligence to the devices, enabling them to communicate without the human being involved. This chapter will discuss about the business aspects, models, and opportunities involved in IoT. The internet of things or IoT is basically about the interconnection of uniquely identifiable and programmable embedded devices within its infrastructure with the help of the internet.
Media Literacy in EFL Teacher Education
Authors: El-Henawy Walaa M.
Published: June 2019

As one of the 21st century skills, media literacy refers to the ability of individuals to critically evaluate and creatively produce representations in a variety of media. A rapid changing world of media, information and communication, which is reshaping the future of work trends, changes literacy demands and requires more complex literacy skills. Thus, it is necessary for students to build the 21st century literacy skills through technology-integrated instructions and classroom practices. In particular, this chapter aims to raise awareness of the relevance of media literacy in teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) and EFL teacher education. This chapter provides an evolution of media literacy with its origin, explores the competencies of media literacy, analyzes various frameworks for media literacy education, and elaborates on different teaching approaches. Based on this review, a conceptual framework for media literacy competencies in teacher education is proposed. Additionally, this chapter offers recommendations for best practices of media literacy in EFL classrooms as well as in EFL teachers' preparation and professional development programs.
Best Practices in Project-Based Learning
Authors: Rosenblum Jason
Published: June 2019

Educators are increasingly challenged to offer students access to, and depth of instruction on, complex digital technologies in their degree offerings. Although these courses already exist, significant challenges remain for educators to offer cutting-edge online instruction in educational technology programs in ways that have real-life relevance for students. Students are often asked to turn to independent learning through online video tutorials and other resources to close the technology learning gaps that exist within these programs. This chapter explores how a curriculum that prioritizes significant learning through the application of project-based learning and design-based thinking can be used to teach online instructional technology courses. Included are examples from courses in mobile learning, game-based learning, and instructional systems design to illustrate these approaches. Complexities associated with this process are highlighted and strategies are suggested to help instructors create learning experiences that are challenging and professionally relevant to students.
News Credibility and Media Literacy in the Digital Age
Authors: Tsang Stephanie Jean
Published: June 2019

With the hostile media phenomenon as an overarching framework, this chapter discusses how challenging it can be for media literacy education to successfully combat motivated reasoning in which individuals are likely to be hostile when exposed to news content that is incongruent with their personal point of view. Such discussion is vital in times when news audiences are cynical and skeptical towards both politicians and media agencies. Given the importance of understanding and studying individuals' perceptions of news biases and assessments of news credibility, this chapter makes a case for establishing more objective standards for journalistic work to overcome the challenges brought about by the rise of fake news in the digital era.
Tech-Savvy Is the New Street Smart
Authors: Arnillas Beatriz
Published: June 2019

In response to technology developments during the first decade of the century, K-12 schools in the USA began to design and develop a variety of blended learning initiatives. The hope was that technology could better address the challenges related to college and career readiness in a rapidly evolving world, and to close the performance gaps between low-income students and their more privileged peers. By 2012, large urban districts began to implement one-to-one device-to-student environments at scale. Districts and educational organizations alike became concerned with the balance between legislation to restrict uses of technology and data to inform learning and the need for digital citizenship competencies for educators and students alike. This chapter reviews recent efforts and resistance against excessive legislation which could create unintended results, including fewer opportunities for underprivileged groups, and to advocate in favor of the systemic inclusion of digital citizenship imbedded in already existing curriculum.
The Philip Seymour Hoffman Project
Authors: Kovacs Rachel S.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this chapter, and the class project upon which it is based, has been to demonstrate the prosocial role social media, and in particular Facebook, can play in media literacy, by providing a framework for showcasing rigorous student research and harnessing creative responses to salient social welfare and policy issues. Specifically, Facebook can potentially raise awareness of opioid abuse, which has spiraled into a global epidemic, provide narratives that reach broader audiences, and thus fill a gap in substantive mainstream media coverage on the topic. The chapter traces the evolution and progress of a student project in a media literacy class at a New York public university and puts efforts to address the current opioid crisis in an historical context. The immediate catalyst for the project was the sudden, tragic, heroin-related death in 2014 of actor Philip Seymour Hoffman, but the “bigger picture” has been broader communities. This study may interest media educators, their educational institution, government agencies, and health institutions that deal with health policy.
Improvement of Traction and Coupling Properties of the Small Class Tractor for Grain Crop Sowing by Means of the Hydropneumatic Damping Device
Authors: Senkevich Sergey Evgenevich , Lavrukhin Pavel Vladimirovich , Senkevich Anna Aleksandrovna , Ivanov Pavel Aleksandrovich , Sergeev Nikolay Viktorovich
Published: June 2019

Sowing is one of the main operations in the technological complex of cultivation of cereals. Only with high quality seed distribution along the length and depth of the row can the maximum productivity and yield be achieved. A tractor with a seeding machine is subjected to continuously changing external influences that have a negative impact on the performance indicators of the technological operation. Based on the cereal cultivation technology, it is necessary to use tractors with transmissions that can absorb the oscillations and increase the stability of the coulter group of the seeding machine. Since this improves the quality of the operation, reduces the consumption of spent seed and fuel and increases environmental component of the process.
Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of Impact on Soil by Wheel Drives of the Self-Propelled Seeder
Authors: Lavrov Alexandr Vladimirovich , Moskovskiy Maksim Nikolaevich , Kryukovskaya Natalia Sergeevna
Published: June 2019

Dedicated vertical axial loads on the soil from the wheels of a self-propelled seed drill, the area of the contact patch, the maximum contact pressure for the front and rear wheels and the density of the soil are determined by evaluations and experimental methods. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental indicators was: 1.4% and 2.0% for the rear and front wheels in vertical axial loads; 2.8% and 2.2% for the rear and front wheels by the contact area of the tires of the seeder with the soil and the maximum contact pressure; 6.2% – the maximum discrepancy on the values of soil density at a depth of 7.6 cm. Soil hardness was measured in three zones: before the seeder's passage and after each of its passage in a rut behind the front and rear wheels at six different depths, determined by the marks on the soil densimeter tester density. Graphics of dependencies of soil hardness on the depth of measurement were constructed.
Gaming to Learn
Authors: Bartlett Kerry A. , Anderson Janice L.
Published: June 2019

Escape rooms are live action games where “players” are locked into a room and must work together to discover clues, solve puzzles, and ultimately find the way to escape. There are currently over 2,300 escape rooms in the US. Given the popularity of escape rooms, it is no wonder they have been repurposed for the classroom to aid in student learning. Though research into utilizing escape rooms as an educational tool is still in its nascent stages, studies have provided evidence that these academic escape room activities are useful in enhancing student collaboration and communication skills and in building specific content knowledge. This chapter will explore the history of escape rooms, review research on the benefits of using escape rooms in classrooms as an instructional tool, and finally, discuss the results of the pilot test of a compost themed escape room game designed for use in middle school science classrooms.
Inclusive Education in Science Education
Authors: Kalonde Gilbert
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the extent to which science teachers use inclusive technologies in science classrooms. Participants for the study were 96 male and female science teachers from school districts in a midwestern state of the US. The results show that very few science teachers used technology for inclusive classrooms in science courses. In the study, one-third of teachers used and modeled either assistive or inclusive technology in science classrooms. Results indicate that science teachers need professional development due to lack of proper technology preparation, familiarity to inclusive technology. Findings in this study suggest that the extent science teachers use technology for inclusion in science classrooms needs to be addressed at teacher education levels including providing professional development courses on inclusiveness at school district levels. State standards should also discuss how inclusiveness must be addressed in the general education classrooms.
E-Portfolios and Learning Management Systems
Authors: Reid-Griffin Angelia
Published: June 2019

The chapter explores the way technologies in higher education are providing teacher education candidates a new view of learning. An explanation of how e-portfolios are becoming more common tools for students to reflect on their practices and showcase course artifacts for future applications. The chapter highlights selected learning management systems (LMS), Blackboard and Canvas, and describes how their e-portfolio features aids the reflective practices of students in a teacher education program. Examples of e-portfolio artifacts are provided using these systems. Discussion on how they compare with other e-portfolio resources, Digication and Taskstream, is included to help guide programs to the best tool for their programs. By exploring how these e-portfolio technologies are currently being used in a teacher education course, this chapter provides insight to viewing teacher development for other teacher education courses and programs through more consistent and intentional use of e-portfolios.
Computational Participation as a Portal to Collaborative STEM
Authors: Sivaraj Ramya
Published: June 2019

This chapter explores computational participation as an integrative portal, offering a model for integration across individual disciplines, with an emphasis on the transformative potential of innovative digital practices to engage learners in collaborative science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (hereafter “STEM”) learning. Drawing on sociocultural perspectives and Dewey's experiential learning theory, computational participation in STEM is examined with respect to how learners meaningfully engage with problem-solving strategies, innovative solution design, and multiple iterations of testing. Utilizing examples of interactive digital platforms, such as Scratch and Hypothes.is, this chapter makes a case for how computational participation in STEM creates opportunities for collaborative learning in the virtual and real world, while maintaining a central focus on real world issues. Integrating computational participation in STEM, consequently, supports active, experiential learning, where STEM learners are able to develop transferable conceptual understandings, along with application of skills, such as creativity, critical thinking, communication, and collaboration.
Integrating Formal and Informal Learning Opportunities of Technology in Higher Education
Authors: Şendurur Emine , Bilgiç Hatice Gökçe , Şendurur Polat
Published: June 2019

Along with the recent developments in technology, the paradigm of learning and teaching has changed with the changing demands of society and learners. A new learner-centered paradigm enforces the changes in the roles of teacher, learner, and the environment. Learning is not restricted with a place or time. Especially with the advance of technology-based environments including www, social networks, and online learning environments, people can reach information anytime/anywhere, which brings about various experiences for informal learning. The aim of this chapter is to present a guideline for the integration of formal and informal learning opportunities of technology in higher education. As a result of the study a guideline is presented for higher education. The guideline is focused on eight issues including (1) know your students, (2) update yourself, (3) be online, (4) provide sharing opportunities, (5) provide discussion opportunities, (6) keep information alive, (7) use learning analytics, and (8) support interdisciplinarity.
“Art Made Tongue-Tied by Authority”
Authors: Struzziero Maria Antonietta
Published: June 2019

This chapter intends to analyze Julian Barnes's The Noise of Time (2016), the fictional biography of the Russian composer Dmitri Shostakovich and his three traumatic “conversations with power.” Barnes's narrative explores themes that are not only central to the composer's biography but of more general concern, the function of ideology and politics in culture and social life: the role of censorship in a ruthless regime and its traumatic effects on the psyche of an artist whose conscience must confront the insupportable demands of totalitarianism. The analysis of the novel aims first to investigate how the dominant political apparatuses of Stalinist power and their repressive ideological discourses affected the composer's personal and artistic life; second, to discuss the complex portrait of Shostakovich that comes to life in Barnes's representation. References will also be made to Barnes's two main sources: Elizabeth Wilson's Shostakovich: A Life Remembered (1994) and Solomon Volkov's Testimony: The Memoirs of Shostakovich (1979).