bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reading Like A Victorian
Authors: Luke Stephanie
Published: January 2021

Reading Like a Victorian (RLV) allows users to experience the works of authors such as Dickens, Thackeray, and Eliot as they were first published. The website restores a number of novels to their original serial formatting and places them within a timeline of contemporary works accessible
to the user. Currently, RLV features some 130 works, of which about a third are serialized fiction. Its content is largely sourced from other open access resources, and the site does not offer the user background information or notes on the works it features. The site is easily navigable,
but the search function needs improvement.
Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS)
Authors: Silver Breezy
Published: January 2021

Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS) is a unique, complex data resource popular with academia but also utilized in government agencies, nonprofits, and corporations. It contains financial and accounting related data and tools but also includes limited data from some other subject areas
like healthcare and marketing. WRDS provides the interface to access datasets with limited datasets included and then individual datasets may also be purchased. WRDS makes accessing and using data easier for users, but it also depends on users having enough experience in the field to be familiar
with the various vendors and data coverage. Within academia, faculty and graduate students may have an easier time even though undergraduates are permitted access. While it is complicated, it does ease some of the burdens of working with data. Because it is focused on data, it allows users
to find and use data with less limitations that users may encounter with regular business databases.
Distance Learning Approach in Interprofessional Higher Education
Authors: Barreto Luísa Schubach da Costa , Marañón-Vásquez Guido Artemio , Lima Rodrigo Lopes de , Bolognese Ana Maria , De Souza Margareth Maria Gomes
Published: January 2021

Literature seeks to provide a new methodological education approach in health professions, but none consider evaluate student’s ideal preferences. The aim of this study is to understand what the preferences of distance learning in higher education are. The study has assessed online resources, the primary objective was to provide information about the types of teaching tools. The secondary objective was to integrate technological advances in the Medical School of Speech Therapy. The outcomes have been further discussed under measurements of an observational protocol, testing the effectiveness of these resources on the qualifications of undergraduate Orthodontics students at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Summarizing the preferences, an online form was applied in Brazilian Institutions. Based on the 533 evaluations, a distance learning platform was developed to assist the daily study process, containing educational videos, a discussion forum, questionnaires for the increased learning activity, and individual feedback reports. Overall, 88 undergraduate Speech Therapy students at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro were recruited, eventually, 34 fully participated. They were randomly allocated into two groups to perform a face-to-face test: (A) without and (B) with access to the platform. The data were analyzed using the t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact test. The parameter of educational videos had the highest frequency of all responses. After the interactive experience of a platform, group B had a higher average (6.45) beyond group A (5.44). At the end of the research, it was possible to state that the distance learning approach was effective as a method to enhance teaching and gain technological knowledge.
Examining the Sequence of Factors Affecting Student’ Tendency to Dropout: a Case Study in Greece
Authors: Androulakis George S. , Georgiou Dimitra Ap. , Kiprianos Pantelis , Stamelos George
Published: January 2021

Speaking of the causal spectrum of dropout we are referring to something not simple but highly complex. In this context, the issue of dropping out of studies is considered critical within the area of higher education due to its impact on the individual, the university and the society as a whole. In this study, an effort was made to investigate students’ tendency to dropout and to identify the sequence of factors that influence it, as well as its configuration per School. For this purpose, hierarchical regression trees were applied for the factors that compose the dropout index, holistically and separately per school, while for each factor the corresponding hierarchical tree with its items has been analyzed further. The responses of 696 students who have not definitely dropped out of their studies at University of Patras were analyzed. The findings indicate that the factors related to students’ academic performance have the greatest impact compared to personal, economical, institutional and social set of factors, on the tendency to dropout. In particular, the perceived level of education, the provision of knowledge as the basis of solving complex real-world problems and student’s academic efficacy emerge as the most crucial issues of the academic factorial category in regards to student’s tendency to dropout.
Communicable Disease Center Pharmacy's prudent response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Qatar
Authors: Hassanin Rania A. , Rustom Fatima
Published: January 2021

The aim of this article is to present the effective response of Communicable Disease Center in Hamad Medical Corporation as the first and the central healthcare facility facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar. The pharmacy leadership team designed new strategies to handle the new workload quantitatively and qualitatively. Outpatient pharmacy expanded the scope of service to manage all refill requests for COVID-19 cases in 12 quarantine centers across Qatar. Inpatient pharmacy automation adopted new workflows to maintain efficient infection control methods after considering that the new workload was four times higher than the pre-pandemic workload. This also highlighted the efforts that the Clinical Pharmacy Service made during the pandemic and its significant role in raising awareness and education to prevent prescription errors despite the increase in the overall number of orders from approximately 7000 Rx per month to approximately 22,000 Rx per month. The outcomes showed that the prudent response plan paid off successfully during the pandemic.
Stress-strain model for prestressing steel with cyclic loading
Authors: Thompson K. J. , Park R.
Published: January 2021

Experimental stress-strain curves for repeated tensile loading of  0.276 in (7 mm) diameter prestressing steel wire in the inelastic range are presented. A mathematical model employing a modified form of the Ramberg-Osgood function is proposed to describe the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of the prestressing steel. The experimental stress-strain results are subjected to regression analysis in order to obtain empirical expressions for the constants in the Ramberg-Osgood function. The constants are found to depend on the strain imposed in the previous loading run and the characteristics of the monotonic stress-strain curve. The stress- strain curve for monotonic loading, with suitably adjusted origin of coordinates in the case of significant reversed loads, is used to describe the envelope curve which the steel stresses cannot exceed. The proposed cyclic stress-strain model predicted the experimental curves with good accuracy.
How is Academic Performance Affected by Delay in Student Loan Disbursement in Kenyan Universities? A Case Study of Kenyatta University
Authors: Bomer Alvin , Liu Xiaoguang , Irungu Wanjiru Ruth , Wanjiru Wambui Ann
Published: January 2021

The current research focused on the impact of delayed loan disbursement on performance. The study focused on Kenyatta University, situated in Nairobi, Kenya. In the study, the variables of class attendance, personal expenses, and course registration were evaluated as the main factors that impacted student performance due to delayed loans. A sample of 196 students were randomly selected from the population to take part in the study. The students were given questionnaires regarding higher education loan disbursement and the major variables being evaluated. The results revealed that students who experienced loan delays had problems covering their personal expenses, registering for courses, and attending classes. These challenges had a significant impact on the final performance in terms of grade point average. The study recommended that the government needs to release funds to the Higher Education Loans Board on time to facilitate fast disbursement of loans to the students. Also, it recommended closer collaboration between the Higher Education Loans Board and University administrations to ensure that students who are awaiting their loans are not denied to attend classes and register for courses.
La gobernanza lingüística en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca: racionalidad neoliberal y demandas comunitarias
Authors: Apodaka Eduardo , Morales Jordi
Published: January 2021

La gobernanza de las políticas lingüísticas en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca ha sido y es protagonizada por actores heterogéneos que han ido moviéndose desde un abierto antagonismo hacia dinámicas de colaboración. Hemos analizado dicha gobernanza a través de los textos programáticos de sus actores, con especial atención al discurso institucional, a su relación con la racionalidad neoliberal, y a las demandas socio-comunitarias a favor de un modelo de gobernanza centrado en la comunidad. Para ello exponemos el marco analítico que guiará el análisis: la racionalidad neoliberal implícita en las políticas públicas, y la influencia de racionalidades alternativas en la normalización de lenguas minorizadas. Damos cuenta de los principales tópicos discursivos y de su contexto, y, por último, presentaremos el modelo de gobernanza sobre el que actualmente negocian los actores de la normalización del euskera en la CAV.
Effect of Elasticity on Electrical Properties of Weft-Knitted Conductive Fabrics
Authors: Han Xiaoxue , Miao Xuhong , Chen Xiaohan , Niu Li , Wan Ailan
Published: January 2021

Because of softness and lightness, various flexible sensors have attracted extensive attention and been widely studied. Sensing mechanism of most wearable sensors is derived from an elastic substrate, such as fabric or polymer materials. Although the mechanical-electrical performance of several flexible sensors has been reported, including sensitivity, linearity hysteresis and repeatability, research on the effects of substrate elasticity on sensor capacity is scarce. In this paper, the impact of spandex content, washing and ironing processing on the elasticity of weft knitted sensors was investigated by the constant- extension test method. Afterwards, differences in sensing properties between diverse elastic sensors under single as well as repeated stretch were reported. The experimental results showed that spandex content does influence the elasticity of knitted fabric, which has a further great effect on sensing properties. A highly elastic sensor is capable of detecting large-scale human motions, while sensors with lower elasticity are opposite, which demonstrates that elastic sensors can be designed and chosen to meet the requirements of detecting and monitoring distinct human motions.
Falls, Aging and Public Health – a Literature Review
Authors: Gawrońska Karolina , Lorkowski Jacek
Published: January 2021

Accidental falls in the elderly and their consequences are one of the leading causes of disability; they significantly reduce the quality of life and lead to loss of independence and impaired social functioning. This study presents selected issues regarding the causes of accidental falls and research tools for determining the risk of falls based on a review of the scientific literature available in English in the PubMed/ MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus, PEDro databases and in Polish in the Polish Medical Bibliography and Polish Scien­tific Journals Database of 2015–2020, covering original papers, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The following keywords were used: public health, risk factors, accidental falls, fall-related injuries, elderly, geriatric assessment. A total of 65 publications were included in the analysis. We believe that the use of at least two different tools in the risk assessment should be encouraged in view of the complexity and multitude of the risk factors. An optimal approach to the problem assumes interdisciplinary collaboration of all medical staff in assessment, rehabilitation, as well as fall prevention strategies, which is the most economical method of treatment.
An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets
Authors: Ślusarczyk Karol , Różanska Anna
Published: January 2021

An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of
oak wood parquets. The article analyses the influence of oil coatings on the colour, gloss, and abrasion
resistance of parquets made of oak wood. Popular oil coatings of the same brand were compared: two-ingredient
oil, single-ingredient oil and wax oil. A comparison of properties of several different kinds of oil manufactured
by the same brand reveals that they do have influence on the changes in wood properties, when comparing to
wood without finish. Single-ingredient and two-ingredient oil darken the colour, increase in red colour and in
yellow colour to a similar extent, while wax oil darkens it and increase the share of red and yellow colour less.
As to gloss, there are no statistically significant differences between the influence of the different oils. Twoingredient oil practically does not change resistance to abrasion at all, while single-ingredient oil and wax oil reduce the rate of abrasion, and wax oil reduces abrasion 4 times less efficiently than single-ingredient oil.
Assessing of patients’ knowledge of anaphylactic shock and allergies.
Authors: Kotowska Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) identified allergy as one of the major problems of the 21st
century. It was also stated to be a key issue for health protection and public health care activity in the White Book
on Allergy published in 2011. An allergy or atopy is called type I hypersensitivity. It may take the form of immediate
(anaphylaxis) or late symptoms including allergic rhinitis and eye diseases, atopic dermatitis, food allergies,
anaphylactic shock, allergic asthma and hives. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock can occur at any age.
Aim of the study: The goal of the study was to assess patient knowledge about allergies and appropriate actions
to take in situations of severe allergic symptoms including anaphylactic shock.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2018 among 150 adult patients in a clinic of Allergy at
Optima Medycyna SA in Opole. The author’s survey questionnaire contained 27 closed single or multiple-choice
questions.
Results: A satisfactory level of knowledge of the most life-threatening allergy exacerbations was found in 79.3%
(119) of the examinees. 53.3% (80) had correct knowledge of how to act in the case of a severe allergic shortness
of breath and symptoms that do not subside despite administering medications. In such instances, 46.7%
did not know what to do. Only 84.7% (127) of respondents knew the definition of anaphylactic shock while 10%
(15) did not know the concept at all.
Conclusions: Patients showed a significantly higher level of knowledge about allergy complications than about
their causes and prevention. Knowledge about the diagnosis of allergy exacerbations, as well as steps to take in
life-threatening situations associated with acute allergic disease and anaphylactic shock in home situations was
insufficient. In addition, it was found that nursing staff insufficiently educate patients on allergies and associated
complications.
A study on alkali resistant glass fibre
concrete and its exposure to elevated
temperatures
Authors: Hussain S. , Yadav J.S.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Cement concrete is characterized as brittle in nature, the loading capacity
of which is completely lost once failure is initiated. This characteristic, which limits the
application of the material, can in one way be overcome by the addition of some small
amount of short randomly distributed fibers (steel, glass, synthetic).
Design/methodology/approach: The present study deals with the inclusion of alkali
resistant glass fibers in concrete by percentage weight of cement. The mechanical
properties such as compressive strength and split tensile strength have been studied after
exposing the concrete samples to elevated temperatures of up to 500°C. Water binder
ratios of 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 and 0.6 have been used to prepare design mix proportions of
concrete to achieve a characteristic strength of 30 MPa. The depth of carbonation post
elevated temperature exposure has been measured by subjecting the concrete samples to
an accelerated carbonation (5%) condition in a controlled chamber.
Findings: Conclusions have been drawn in accordance to the effect of fiber replacement
and temperature increment. The concrete mixes with fiber content of 1% by weight of
cement had shown better strength in compression and tension compared to the other
dosages and conventional concrete (without fiber). Microcracking due to internal stream
pressure reduced the mechanical strengths of concrete at elevated temperatures. Also, from
TGA it was observed that the amount of calcium carbonate in samples with fiber added, post
carbonation was less than the mixes without fiber in it.
Research limitations/implications: The present study has been limited to alkali
resistant glass fibers as the conventional glass fibers undergo corrosion due to hydration.
Practical implications: The glass fiber reinforced concrete can be used in the building
renovation works, water and drainage works, b ridge and tunnel lining panels etc.
Originality/value: Based upon the available literature, very seldom the studies are
addressing the behaviour of alkali resistant glass fiber concrete and its exposure to elevated
temperatures.
Numerical analysis of mechanical
properties of 3D printed aluminium
components with variable core infill
values
Authors: Baras P. , Sawicki J.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present numerical modelling results for 3D-printed
aluminium components with different variable core infill values. Information published in this
paper will guide engineers when designing the components with core infill regions.
Design/methodology/approach: During this study 3 different core types (Gyroid,
Schwarz P and Schwarz D) and different combinations of their parameters were examined
numerically, using FEM by means of the software ANSYS Workbench 2019 R2. Influence of
core type as well as its parameters on 3D printed components strength was studied. The
“best” core type with the “best” combination of parameters was chosen.
Findings: Results obtained from the numerical static compression tests distinctly showed
that component strength is highly influenced by the type infill choice selected. Specifically,
infill parameters and the coefficient (force reaction/volumetric percentage solid material)
were investigated. Resulting total reaction force and percentage of solid material in the
component were compared to the fully solid reference model.
Research limitations/implications: Based on the Finite Element Analysis carried out
in this work, it was found that results highlighted the optimal infill condition defined as the
lowest amount of material theoretically used, whilst assuring sufficient mechanical strength.
The best results were obtained by Schwarz D core type samples.
Practical implications: In the case of the aviation or automotive industry, very high
strength of manufactured elements along with a simultaneous reduction of their wight is
extremely important. As the viability of additively manufactured parts continues to increase,
traditionally manufactured components are continually being replaced with 3D-printed
components. The parts produced by additive manufacturing do not have the solid core, they
are rather filled with specific geometrical patterns. The reason of such operation is to save
the material and, in this way, also weight.
Originality/value: The conducted numerical analysis allowed to determine the most
favourable parameters for optimal core infill configurations for aluminium 3D printed parts,
taking into account the lowest amount of material theoretically used, whilst assuring
sufficient mechanical strength.
The use of computational contact mechanics
approaches to assess the performance of
parts bearing stress concentrators
Authors: Lyashenko B.A. , Stotsko Z.A. , Kuzin O.A. , Kuzin M.O.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to build new computational schemes for assessing
the strength parameters of parts with inhomogeneous properties of surface layers in the
presence of stress concentrators.
Design/methodology/approach: Using the developed approaches of mathematical
modeling and open software for calculating the structures of the FEM - FEniCS, the required
thickness of the hardened zones of parts has been established, which ensures their minimum
softening during operation, depending on the characteristics of the stress concentrator.
Findings: It is shown that for each size of the surface stress concentrator there is a critical
value of the hardening thickness, the excess of which does not affect the operational
strength of the parts, but increases the cost of technological operations.
Research limitations/implications: In this article proposes a method for calculating the
influence of the dimensional characteristics of hardening zones on the contact strength of
parts with stress concentrators under conditions of prevailing power loads.
Practical implications: The results obtained in this work were used to determine the
technological modes of plasma hardening, which ensure an increase in the contact strength
of parts with stress concentrators, depending on their dimensional characteristics.
Originality/value: Using the approaches of computational mechanics and mathematical
and computer modeling, methods for controlling the contact strength of parts with
inhomogeneous non-local properties in the presence of a surface stress concentrator are
proposed for the first time.
Optimization of the internal procurement
process at the world's leading producer
of phosphate rock
Authors: Adlane H. , Aouane M.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This article discuss the results of a field study that was carried out over a 6
months period. The objective of this research aimed at studying the internal procurement
system of one of the world's leading Moroccan companies that has a 4.3% contribution to
the national GDP.
Design/methodology/approach: Our work, based first of all on the elaboration of an
overview and then on the use of more than 6 methods and logistic tools, will allow this
company to develop its own procurement method, adapted to its constraints and capacities.
Findings: In terms of figures, this company sources 157 items from several suppliers.
These references are then stored initially in the company's store, and depending on the
demand from internal customers, a distribution is subsequently planned. A shortage of
stock on some items and overstocking on others is a blatant contradiction suggesting
several paths for improvement. Ultimately, the results of our work have enabled us to reduce
financial immobilization by 40%, as well as a considerable gain in storage space.
Practical implications: This paper shows the importance of responding to the problems
of large companies with adapted and targeted methods.
Originality/value: This article presents an original parallel application of almost all
conventional logistics methods, for a global and efficient optimization.
Hotel Selection Criteria of Solo Traveling Females
Authors:   HEB School of Business and Administration, Texas, USA, Herjanto Halimin , Chilicki Alexandra ,   Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA, Anantamongkolkul Chidchanok ,   Phuket Rajabhat University, Phuket, Thailand, McGuinness Erin ,   Marist College, Poughkeepsie, New York, USA
Published: January 2021

Consumers use online e-reviews as a popular tool for information and obtaining guidance. E-reviews have therefore become an important barometer in conducting product evaluations, and more importantly, to make purchasing decisions. This includes decisions about hotel selection. For hospitality industry marketers, the information in e-reviews is particularly important in translating and understanding consumer-specific needs. The current study brings valuable awareness to the limited academic research into hotel selection criteria among solo-traveling females. TripAdvisor’s top 25 list of cost-efficient hotels worldwide received 345 total consumer reviews. Noteworthy findings of the current study show unique selection criteria considered important to the solo traveling female including a hotel-provided cell phone programmed with emergency local contact information, and a nearby or on-premise automated teller machine. Study results also indicate that stewardship service, such as intimate and personalized hotel staff who “go the extra mile” is an important selection criterion. Also discussed are research limitations and implications.
Vendors as Environmental Stakeholders: Lessons from a Regional Sports Event
Authors:   Monash University Malaysia, Gan Joo-Ee
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This paper examines the impact of vendor management on the recycling programme of a regional sports event. Guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the norm activation model (NAM), the organizer’s leverage strategies were qualitatively assessed for their effectiveness in promoting vendor recycling behaviour. The findings identified vague selection criteria, unclear expectations, limited engagement, the lack of communication and poor coordination as weaknesses in the organizer’s leverage strategies. In particular, the altruistic strategy of information dissemination – deployed infrequently and unaided by utilitarian measures such as economic incentives and formal sanctions – did not encourage recycling behaviour. The impact of social influence showed that subjective norms were not merely a predictor of behaviour (as per the TPB), they influenced the NAM’s dual-criteria, namely, awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility. The absence of back-of-house disposal facilities, inconsistent bin system, poor labelling of the recycling bins and infrequent bin clearance significantly lowered the vendors’ recycling rate. More importantly, convenience was found to influence norm activation, in that inefficient recycling logistics furnished the vendors with an excuse not to recycle. Thus, convenience was not merely as aspect of TPB’s perceived behavioural control, this determinant influenced personal norms. Where weak environmental norms prevail, it may be necessary to impose formal sanctions to enforce recycling, even though formal sanctions cannot ensure lasting recycling behaviour.
Die Verantwortung des Staates für die Eisenbahn
Authors: Schuster Thomas
Published: January 2021

State responsibility is a consequence of the discussion about state tasks, especially in the context of privatizations and changes of purpose. Using railroading as reference field, Thomas Schuster shows that, behind the standardized responsibility for indemnity of Article 87e, Paragraph 4 of the Basic Law, there is a larger, more comprehensive system of state responsibility that is put into operation when tasks previously carried out in a monopolistic manner by the state are privatized. The responsibility arising in this way is the guideline for the design of simple law and a specification for jurisdiction and administration.
The Effect of Repeated Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (R-DOPS) Assessment Method on the Clinical Skills of Anesthesiology Residents
Authors: Dabir Shideh , Hoseinzadeh Mohammad , Mosaffa Faramarz , Hosseini Behnam , Dahi Mastaneh , Vosoughian Maryam , Moshari Mohammadreza , Tabashi Soodeh , Dabbagh Ali
Published: January 2021

Background: The ultimate result of patient care is one of the most important outcomes in medical education. Several methods, including the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS), have been proposed to assess professional competencies in clinical practice. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of the Repeated DOPS (R-DOPS) method on the performance of procedural skills in anesthesiology residents. Methods: The procedural skill performance of anesthesiology residents was assessed using a standard DOPS protocol from May to October 2019. Their scores were then objectively recorded, and the satisfaction rates regarding the 2 DOPS exams were assessed. Results: We found a considerable improvement in anesthesiology residents’ procedural skill performance, especially in the anesthesiology residency curriculum’s basic items. Besides, anesthesiology residents’ satisfaction was significantly improved after the 2nd DOPS. Conclusions: R-DOPS leads to improved training outcomes, including assessing the procedural skills, time to feedback to trainees, and trainee satisfaction.
Transcriptional Levels of Autophagy and UPR Markers in the Brain and Liver of Pregnant Rats
Authors: Alizadeh Saeed , Ghasempour Ghasem , Golestaneh Elnaz , Safian Isfahani Yasaman , Emami Arya , Dehesh Tania , Mohammad Shafiee Sayed , Owji Ali Akbar , Shojaei Shahla
Published: January 2021

Background: Pregnancy is associated with oxidative stress that results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged-unalleviated ER stress causes the activation of the autophagy pathway via UPR. Expression of genes encoding glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and BECLIN1 are induced in UPR and autophagy. Objectives: We studied the mRNA expression of the aforementioned genes in the liver and brain of Nulligravida versus saline and ethanol-treated pregnant rats. Methods: Control pregnant rats were orally treated with normal saline, and test animals received ethanol 250 mg/kg or resveratrol 120 mg/kg from day 1 to day 21 of gestation. Nulligravida rats treated by saline comprised the non-pregnant control group. On day 21, mRNAs encoding GRP78 and BECLIN1 were extracted from the liver and brain tissues and assessed using real-time PCR. Results: Our results showed that the level of transcripts encoding GRP78 and BECLIN1 was higher in the liver of pregnant rats compared to Nulligravida ones. Further, ethanol decreased the mRNA levels of GRP78 and BECLIN1 in the liver of pregnant rats, an effect that was reversed by resveratrol. Levels of GRP78 transcripts were decreased, and those of BECLIN1 remained unchanged in the brain of ethanol exposed pregnant rats. Conclusions: Levels of mRNAs for GRP78 and BECLIN1 are up-regulated during pregnancy. These levels are reduced in the liver of ethanol-treated rats, and resveratrol compensates these effects.
Effectiveness of Group Therapy with Cognitive-Behavioral Approach on Negative Feelings of the Women Toward Their Husband’s Family and the Marital Conflicts
Authors: Khanjani Veshki Sahar , Jalali Pour Elham , Pasha Shima
Published: January 2021

Background: Marital life is based on effective reciprocal relations such as quality of communications with the spouse’s family. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on negative feelings of the women toward their husband’s family and marital conflicts. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all women referring to Rahgosha Consultation Center in the town of Tiran (due to marital conflicts) in 2018. Thirty samples were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Then, the samples were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (15 women) and control (15 women). Women’s negative feelings toward the husband's family and marital conflicts questionnaires were used to collect data. The experimental group received eighth ninety-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Finally, a posttest was performed for both groups. Moreover, the follow-up stage was administered a month after the posttest on both groups. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the data at descriptive statistics, and MANCOVA was used at the inferential statistics level through SPSS21 software. Results: Cognitive-behavioral group therapy could effectively decrease both the women’s negative feelings toward their husband’s family and marital conflicts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that cognitive-behavioral group therapy can be applied to decrease negative feelings toward the husband’s family and to address marital conflicts.
Is There a Digital World?
Authors: Possati Luca M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the relation between software and human experience. I argue that software-based experiences are based on a radical discrepancy between the code and “lived experience.” This break is different than the so-called “opacity” of technology. I start analyzing a case study: the video game Assassin’s Creed Odyssey. Video games are one of the most profound digital experiences humans can have. When I play a video game I do not see the code. However, the code is the source of my experience. I claim that the code’s concealment is the necessary condition of the digital experience. I discuss the ontological definition of software as an entity. Software, I claim, is a complex object, composed of many different levels, whose unity is problematic. In the last part of the essay I argue that the break between lived experience and code is recomposed by imagination through the act of design.
Non-classical Intentionality: An Existential View
Authors: Chernus Vladimir
Published: January 2021

This paper compares the ideas of intentionality and ‘pure Self ’ in the phenomenological and existential traditions. The purpose of the research is to compare and identify the meaning of these categories that is different from the phenomenological approach. While phenomenology was conceived as an epistemological program, the existential view represented in the paper by Nikolai Berdyaev shows the negative ontological consequences to which it leads. For example, the idea of intentionality (the direction of consciousness toward an object) can lead to the elimination of subject from the life picture of the world, whereas the idea of a ‘transcendental Self ’ leads to the justification of the lack of content in consciousness. Therefore, there is a conflict between these philosophical approaches. The topicality of the problem under study is due to identification of details and specific features of this conflict. The goal of phenomenology is purification of consciousness from subjective premises for achieving objective cognition. The goal of existentialism is the formation of existence of the subject, the actualization of his/her immanent freedom. Thus, the existential approach broadens the ideas on the nature of the consciousness orientation, which can be directed not only toward the phenomenal world, but also to the transcendental one. The scientific value of this study is due to the reconstruction of the existential approach concerning the issue of the direction of consciousness and the ‘pure Self ’ using the example of Berdyaev’s philosophy, as well as the possibility of creating ‘ontology of consciousness’ based on his philosophy. The article is based on the method of theoretical reconstruction and conceptual analysis of the arguments put forward by E. Husserl and N. A. Berdyaev, as well as numerous researchers of their work. The methodological basis of this work is a philosophical reconstruction and a comparative approach. The scientific significance of the research is justifying that the existential approach to ‘intentionality’ does not deny the phenomenological approach but enlarge it adding ontological content in this notion.
Ordinary Transubstantiations: Gadamer’s Notion of ‘Speculative’ and Material Logic of Hermeneutic Experience
Authors: Inishev Ilya
Published: January 2021

According to Gadamer, the main distinguishing feature of hermeneutic experience is its ontological dimension epitomized by complex and multilayered transformative processes expressed in such formulae as ‘increasing in being’, ‘transformation into the true’ or ‘total mediation’. This notion of ontological experience as a transformative event allows two readings. The weak reading of Gadamer’s hermeneutic ontology (favoured by Gadamer himself as well as by all his interpreters and critics), laying the stress on interpreter’s self-consciousness, contents itself with just ‘subjective’ side of transformative effects of hermeneutic experience. The strong treatment of transformative potential of hermeneutic experience, which corresponds better to the universality claim of philosophical hermeneutics, presupposes equally strong transformation affecting not only interpreter’s self-consciousness but also her body as well as material environments of interpretive experience. We find the elements of such a ‘strong’ treatment of the transformative (i.e. ontological) potential of understanding in Gadamer’s conception of the speculative, adumbrated in the concluding sections of his ‘Truth and Method’. Drawing on this conception, the paper proposes the notion of transubstantiation as a model for describing the bodily-material dimension of transformative processes making up the core element of hermeneutic ontology.
The Roots of Slovak Utopianism and Utopian Concepts of 1848
Authors: Perný Lukáš
Published: January 2021

Slovak utopianism (and specific social and political philosophy) of the 19th century are unique topics for philosophical research that can be useful especially in an international context. The aim of the research is, using the comparative method, to create a basic overview of utopian concepts of the 19th century in Slovakia in order to highlight their implementation today. The study consists of the following topics: 1) the influence of German philosophy of history (Hegel, Herder, Schelling) on social and political conceptions of the nation and the synthesis of German philosophical influence in the Slovak philosophical context (Kollár, Šafárik, Štúr) and 2) socio-philosophical concepts related to the role of Slovaks in the international context (Feješ, Daxner). The Slovak national utopia, in the form of enforcing the cultural and social rights of Slovaks in their own sovereign state, was partially fulfilled until the 20th century (by the establishment of Czechoslovakia and later by the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic). The Constitution of the Slovak Republic is the proof that originally social utopian visions, that seemed naive and impossible to achieve in the 19th century, became a reality of political practice in the 20th century.
Social Order, Regimes of Truth and Symbolic Disputes: A Framework to Analyse Educational Policies
Authors: Monarca Héctor , Fernández-González Noelia , Méndez-Núñez Ángel
Published: January 2021

This article offers an epistemological framework to analyse how hegemony is constructed in the field of education, as part of current debates in the social sciences on the aperture and closure of the social. Our central thesis is that, beyond the post-structuralist tendency that dominates these debates, we must reconsider the potential effects of its theoretical assumptions on the social world, i.e. not only on its representation, but also on its structures, subjects, objects, and phenomena in general. To that end, we will analyse by the way of example the discourses on quality of education, core in education policies since 1980s, from this epistemological framework. Moreover, this type of discourses also allowed the instituted powers to connect the traditional forms of production and reproduction of ‘the social’ to new forms that help consolidate its hegemony by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the ways to produce and accumulate capital, and thus legitimize them. Indeed, as a framework, quality had and still has a totalizing effect on the hegemonic re-adjustment and re-working of capitalism that began in the late 1970s.
Intellectual Evolution of Georg Lukács in the Context of Developing Lenin’s Idea of Revolution
Authors: Szabados Bettina , Sautkin Aleksandr
Published: January 2021

The Hungarian philosopher, Georg Lukács, recognized the crisis-consciousness of his generation at the turn of the 20th century and began to search for solutions in the art. However, his theory about art proved to be illusory, being unable to reshape society. After many philosophical attempts to realize his theory in praxis, in 1918 Lukács turned to Marxism and later became one of the most influential Marxist thinkers of his time. In 1919, when the Hungarian Soviet Republic fell, Lukács, like many other intellectuals, had to flee abroad. In emigration, he started to summarize the experiences of the fallen revolution and referred to Lenin’s ideas in his early Marxist works, in ‘History and Class Consciousness’ (1923) and ‘Lenin: A Study on the Unity of his Thought’ (1924). This paper aims to follow Lukács’ path, how he became a Marxist from an Essayist, and what solutions he found for the social crises of his era.
Reification in Market Societies: Theoretical Conceptualizations and Researchability
Authors: Mardosas Egidijus , Vveinhardt Jolita , Davidavičius Algirdas
Published: January 2021

This article asks what philosophers can learn from social research in order to develop the notion of reification further. At first, we present a theoretical analysis of the concept of reification. Then we survey the main research into employment and management strategies through various sectors (industry, services and knowledge work) asking to what extent this research is informed by the notion of reification. The last part of the article focuses on Lithuanian research. We conclude that while the notion of reification is not often employed in contemporary social research, much of that research is close to the normative concerns implicit in the notion of reification. This research then provides a valuable input for further philosophical development of the theory of reification.
Is the Realization of the Emotional Artificial Intelligence Possible? Philosophical and Methodological Analysis
Authors: Chursinova Oksana , Stebelska Oleksandra
Published: January 2021

The article dwells upon the need for a thorough philosophical and methodological analysis of the nature and functions of the human’s emotional and sensual sphere in order to identify the possibilities of its implementation by means of artificial intelligence. Computers have become part and parcel of our lives, so full-fledged communication requires empowering them to recognize and express emotions. Due to the result of critical analysis, the authors state that implementation, and not simulation, of emotions in any computing system is currently problematic and, to some extent, impossible. The reason for this is connected both with the blurring in the scientific and philosophical literature of the very concept of ‘emotion’, and the subjective and qualitative nature of the person’s experience of reality, the rootedness of their emotional and sensual sphere in the physical, social and cultural being, the unconditional connection of emotions and the internal personal space of the person.
The Intelligence of Machines
Authors: Trujillo Joaquin
Published: January 2021

This article elucidates the meaning of intelligence in machines. It employs hermeneutic-phenomenology and cybernetics. Its point of departure is Melanie Mitchell’s Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans (2019). It (1) reviews the different types of machine intelligence (MI) Mitchell describes and the understanding of intelligence she suggests is common among MI researchers and developers, (2) hermeneutic-phenomenologically exhibits the intelligence of Da-sein (t/here-being, human being as such), (3) discerns the intelligence of machines cybernetically in contrast to the intelligence of Da-sein rendered hermeneutic-phenomenologically, and (4) assesses the MI industry’s goal of producing ‘general human-level’ intelligence in machines.
Funding of Public Benefit Activity with 1% of Personal Income Tax Scheme: Empirical Research
Authors:   Cracow University of Economics, Mamcarczyk Mariola , Zieniuk Paweł ,   Cracow University of Economics
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This article seeks to assess the scale of using the funds from Poland’s 1% of personal income tax scheme in the funding of public benefit activity conducted by public benefit organizations in the area of promotion of sports and physical culture. Moreover, it attempts to establish the determinants of revenues from this source earned by individual organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The article presents the results of own research based on a sample of 100 random public benefit organizations. Research conclusions are formulated based on the literature and legislation review, data from the financial statements and technical reports of selected organizations, and statistical methods selected to verify the formulated hypotheses. Findings: The revenues earned by the organizations from the 1% scheme do not depend on conventional factors, such as organization coverage, the number of beneficiaries, and the persons involved in the activity of the organization or duration of public benefit activity. Research limitations/Implications: The model developed for research purposes considers no immeasurable factors that may affect the amount of earned revenues, such as recognizability of organization in the society or taxpayer loyalty. Originality/Value: Our research pioneers the issue of determinants of funds acquired by the organizations from the 1% scheme. Research conclusions can be regarded as a voice in the discussion on the sources of funding the operation of foundations and associations. Keywords
Intergenerational Familial Ambidexterity in Polish Family Firms
Authors:   Kozminski University, Preciuk Piotr , Wilczyńska Ewa ,   Kozminski University
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To explore how the predecessors and successors of Polish family businesses use and refine existing knowledge, identify knowledge deficiencies or absences, and create new knowledge during the working together stage. Methodology/approach: The article builds on qualitative empirical material gathered in 2018 and 2019 with a problem-centered interview approach aiming to capture the complex and potentially diverging realities of both generations. Altogether, 48 preliminary interview questionnaires were completed and, subsequently, 46 interviews were conducted. Findings: The study captured that the use of existing knowledge during the Working Together period is significantly supported by the fact that the old and young generation share several unarticulated beliefs, mental models, and behaviors. However, the identification of knowledge gaps and the creation of new knowledge are heavily hindered by the fear of confrontation and only declarative – instead of active – interest of the older generation in creating new knowledge. Originality/value: The article bridges the gap between the literature on organizational ambidexterity and family business by empirically investigating the intergenerational dynamics of owners’ families regarding knowledge creation. Moreover, we introduce the concept of intergenerational familial ambidexterity.