bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lyophilized bacteriophage cocktail efficiency against multidrug-resistant Salmonella in broiler chickens
Authors: Nabil Nehal M. , Tawakol Maram M. , Samir Abdelhafez , Hassan Heba M. , Elsayed Mona Mohieldin
Published: September 2024

Currently, phage biocontrol is increasingly used as a green and natural technology for treating Salmonella and other infections, but phages exhibit instability and activity loss during storage. Therefore, in this study, the effects of lyophilization on the activity and stability of phage cocktails for the control of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in broiler chickens were determined. Eight serotypes of Salmonella were isolated and identified from broiler chicken farms, and bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimrium and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis were isolated. The bacteriophage cocktail was prepared and lyophilized, and it was subjected to in vitro and in vivo examinations. A reconstituted lyophilized bacteriophage cocktail was used for the oral treatment of chicks before and after challenge with multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky. The colonization of cecum by S. Kentucky was detected by using real-time PCR, and the serum levels of IgM, IgA and IL-4 and pathological changes in the different groups were detected. Three Caudovirales phages families were identified including Autographiviridae, Straboviridae and Drexlerviridae against multidrug-resistant S. Kentucky, S. Typhimrium and S. Enteritidis. The groups treated with the bacteriophage cocktail showed no clinical signs, no postmortem lesions, and a mortality rate of 0%, which improved the growth performance parameters. Additionally, the estimated serum levels of IgM, IgA and IL-4 were significantly greater in the bacteriophage cocktail-treated groups. Lyophilization effectively preserves the long-term storage stability of phages. Therefore, lyophilized bacteriophage cocktail therapy is a valuable approach for controlling multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections in broiler chickens.
The National Cancer Aid monitoring (NCAM-online) of ultraviolet radiation risk and protection behavior: a population-based observational trend study with four annual online survey waves
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Breitbart Eckhard W. , de Buhr Yvonne , Görig Tatiana
Published: September 2024

Background

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most important risk factor for skin cancer development. Sunlight is the main source of UV radiation in the general population. In addition, tanning beds are a source of artificial UV radiation. Since the incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide, it is necessary to monitor UV-related risk behaviors such as intentional indoor and outdoor tanning, as well as sun protection behavior in the general population and specific subgroups and settings. This is the aim of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring online (NCAM-online), a continuation and further development of the NCAM.

Methods

The NCAM-online is a longitudinal trend study consisting of four annual survey waves. Each year, 4,000 individuals aged 16–65 years living in Germany will be surveyed using online questionnaires. Each year, intentional indoor and outdoor tanning will be assessed. In addition, varying specific topics regarding skin cancer prevention, such as the utilization of skin cancer screening, will be addressed in the questionnaires.

Discussion

The findings of the NCAM-online will provide an important basis for the German Cancer Aid and Working Group on Dermatologic Prevention (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Prävention, ADP) to develop targeted prevention campaigns and projects aimed at preventing skin cancer. The explorative nature of the NCAM-online allows for the identification of new potential starting points for prevention and education. In addition, the longitudinal design allows for a description of the trend in the prevalence of intentional tanning. For tanning bed use, representative trend data from 2012 are available for Germany, to which NCAM-online will add annual data until 2027.
The association between joint Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and type 2 diabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults: a longitudinal study of NHANES
Authors: Wang Cuihua , Wang Shuguang , Wang Ying
Published: September 2024

Background

In the past, there has been a clear conclusion regarding the sole impact of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the risk of death. However, the combined effect of sNfL levels and type 2 DM on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality is still uncertain.

Methods

This study was a prospective cohort study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The sNfL levels were measured through immunological methods using blood samples collected during the survey. The diagnosis of diabetes was based on rigorous criteria, and participants’ mortality data were followed up until December 31, 2019. Firstly, we separately examined the effects of sNfL and type 2 DM on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and finally studied the comprehensive impact of the combination of sNfL and type 2 DM on the risk of mortality. Cumulative Kaplan-Meier curves, multivariate logistic regression and sensitivity analysis were incorporated throughout the entire study.

Results

Participants in the highest quartile of sNfL were observed. Multivariable COX regression model showed that increased sNfL levels and type 2 DM were respectively associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Furthermore, elevated sNfL levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for confounding factors. When considering both elevated sNfL levels and type 2 DM, individuals had a significantly increased risk of mortality. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings.

Conclusions

These results suggest that elevated levels of sNfL and type 2 DM are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and that participants with increased sNfL levels associated with type 2 DM have higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.
Kinetics of fluoride after brushing with the no-rinse method
Authors: Parakaw Tipparat , Srihirun Sirada , Dararat Pornpen , Ruangsawasdi Nisarat
Published: September 2024

Background

Fluoride plays a vital role in preventing dental caries, with its addition to oral care products significantly promoting oral hygiene. A no-rinse brushing method aims to increase fluoride retention in the oral cavity, as rinsing with water decreases fluoride levels in saliva, which could affect remineralization. While the no-rinse brushing method holds promise for improving fluoride retention in the oral cavity, critical inquiries persist regarding its safety. This study investigated the kinetics of oral fluoride and potential risks to fully assess its effectiveness and implications for oral health.

Methods

Ten healthy adults participated in a crossover study comparing the no-rinse with the rinse method. All subjects followed American Dental Association (ADA) brushing guidelines. Levels of fluoride in saliva (supernatant and sediment) and urine were measured over time, and plasma fluoride was measured one hour after brushing. Pharmacokinetic parameters were also calculated from the data.

Results

Participants using the no-rinse method had higher fluoride levels in supernatant immediately and up to 30 min post-brushing compared to the rinse method. Fluoride levels in sediment were higher only immediately after brushing. The total fluoride concentration in saliva remained elevated for up to 5 min with the no-rinse method. Systemic fluoride absorption showed no significant difference between the two methods based on blood and urine analysis.

Conclusion

This research indicates that the no-rinse method can enhance fluoride retention in the oral cavity for up to 30 min after a single brushing. In addition, our findings suggest that this method does not significantly influence systemic fluoride levels or toxicity.

Registry

Thai Clinical Trials Registry, TCTR (http://thaiclinicaltrials.org). Clinical trial registration number: TCTR20231104001 (4/11/2023).
Mothers and Babies Virtual Group (MBVG) for perinatal Latina women: study protocol for a hybrid type-1 effectiveness-implementation randomized controlled trial
Authors: Platt Rheanna , Polk Sarah , Barrera Alinne Z. , Lara-Cinisomo Sandraluz , Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Graham Andrea K. , Musci Rashelle J. , Hamil Jaime , Echavarria Diane , Cooper Lindsay , Tandon S. Darius
Published: September 2024

Background

Immigrant Latinas (who are foreign-born but now reside in the USA) are at greater risk for developing postpartum depression than the general perinatal population, but many face barriers to treatment. To address these barriers, we adapted the Mothers and Babies Course—an evidence-based intervention for postpartum depression prevention—to a virtual group format. Additional adaptations are inclusion of tailored supplemental child health content and nutrition benefit assistance. We are partnering with Early Learning Centers (ELC) across the state of Maryland to deliver and test the adapted intervention.

Methods

The design is a Hybrid Type I Effectiveness-Implementation Trial. A total of 300 participants will be individually randomized to immediate (N = 150) versus delayed (N = 150) receipt of the intervention, Mothers and Babies Virtual Group (MB-VG). The intervention will be delivered by trained Early Learning Center staff. The primary outcomes are depressive symptoms (measured via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale), parenting self-efficacy (measured via the Parental Cognition and Conduct Towards the Infant Scale (PACOTIS) Parenting Self-Efficacy subscale), and parenting responsiveness (measured via the Maternal Infant Responsiveness Instrument) at 1-week, 3-month, and 6-month post-intervention. Depressive episodes (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V- Disorders Research Version) at 3-month and 6-month post-intervention will also be assessed. Secondary outcomes include social support, mood management, anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, food insecurity, and mental health stigma at 1-week, 3-month, and 6-month post-intervention. Exploratory child outcomes are dysregulation and school readiness at 6-month post-intervention. Intervention fidelity, feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness will also be assessed guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Discussion

This study will be one of the first to test the efficacy of a group-based virtual perinatal depression intervention with Latina immigrants, for whom stark disparities exist in access to health services. The hybrid effectiveness-implementation design will allow rigorous examination of barriers and facilitators to delivery of the intervention package (including supplemental components) which will provide important information on factors influencing intervention effectiveness and the scalability of intervention components in Early Learning Centers and other child-serving settings.

Registration.

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05873569.
Activation of circulating TFH17 cells associated with activated naive and double negative 2 B cell expansion, and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Khunsri Tipanan , Thawornpan Pongsakorn , Tianpothong Pachara , Suangtamai Thanitta , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip , Leepiyasakulchai Chaniya , Wangriatisak Kittikorn , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Chootong Patchanee
Published: September 2024

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the quintessential autoimmune disease, as it is characterized by hyperactivity of CD4+ T cells and subsequently drives lupus pathology. Follicular helper T (TFH) cells play an important role in B cell maturation and antibody production. However, which specific subset of cTFH cells drives B cell function and contributes to the development of anti-dsDNA antibodies and SLE pathogenesis remains unclear.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients with inactive (n = 11) and active (n = 21) were used to determine and detect frequencies and phenotypes of circulating TFH cells (cTFH), memory cTFH, and B cell subsets. The correlations among cTFH cell subsets and phenotypes, B cell subsets, anti-dsDNA autoantibodies, and clinical parameters were analyzed.

Results

In subjects with active SLE, cTFH1 and cTFH17 cells were significantly expanded and activated. These expanded cTFH cells expressed memory phenotypes; cTFH1 cells were predominantly central memory (CM) type, while cTFH17 cells were largely effector memory (EM) type. Phenotyping B cell subsets in these patients showed increased frequencies of aNAV and DN2 B cells. Clinically, ICOS+ cTFH1, ICOS+ cTFH17 cells, and SLEDAI-2k scores were found to be correlated. Analysis of cTFH-B cell relationship revealed positive correlations among ICOS+ cTFH1 cells, aNAV B cells, and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Activation of ICOS+ cTFH17 cells was significantly related to the expansion of aNAV and DN2 B cells. The presence of CM cells in cTFH1 and cTFH17 subsets was correlated with aNAV and DN2 B cell frequencies.

Conclusion

SLE cTFH cells were found to be polarized toward cTFH1 and cTFH17 cells; activation of these cTFH subsets was significantly associated with disease activity score, aNAV, DN2 B cell expansion, and anti-dsDNA antibody level. Thus, the interactions among cTFH1, cTFH17, and B cells likely contribute to the development of autoantibodies and the pathogenesis in SLE.
Phytochemical comparison of selected Sida species using spectrophotometric and multiple chromatographic analyses
Authors: Sulaiman Cheruthazhakkat , Saji Ankitha , Anandan Erayur Mana , Balachandran Indira
Published: September 2024

Background

Bala is an important Ayurvedic drug used for the treatment of many diseases. Sida cordifolia (L.), Malvaceae family, is the genuine source drug of Bala as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. The other species of Sida like Sida acuta, Sida rhombifolia, Sida alnifolia and Sida cordata are also used as adulterants or substitutes of Bala. The objective of the present study is to identify a scientifically validated substitute for Bala (Sida cordifolia) by detailed phytochemical evaluation of its allied species.

Results

Preliminary analysis showed that all the selected species contain similar class of compounds like alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Quantitative estimation of major class of compounds such as total alkaloids, total phenolics and total flavonoids was done by spectrophotometric methods. Polyphenolic contents of selected species are almost comparable. In the case of alkaloids, variations have been observed among the species. Chemical profiles of selected species were compared by HPTLC and HPLC analysis. Major chemical constituents are found to be common for the selected species. HPLC profiles also showed similarity in their peak pattern.

Conclusion

Based on the phytochemical studies, the species like S. alnifolia, S. acuta and S. rhombifolia contain almost similar types of phytochemicals. However, the chemical constituents of Sida cordata are found to be different from other allied species. Further studies including pharmacological evaluation are required to ensure the therapeutic properties of allied species to confirm the substitute.
Corrida pela autenticidade
Authors: Souza Renato
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: analisar as barreiras que as pessoas LGBTI+ encontram em manifestar sua autenticidade dentro do contexto organizacional, assim como os desafios associados ao progresso de suas trajetórias profissionais.
Estado da arte: pesquisas indicam que, apesar do atual cenário relativamente mais favorável aos direitos civis das pessoas LGBTI+, o progresso do desenvolvimento desse grupo dentro das estruturas organizacionais continua a representar um desafio.
Originalidade: o artigo suscita uma discussão sobre os obstáculos à autenticidade das pessoas LGBTI+ nas organizações, bem como os desafios enfrentados em relação ao avanço de suas carreiras.
Impactos: o artigo destaca a importância para as instituições de desenvolverem talentos LGBTI+ dentro de suas estruturas, ao mesmo tempo que aborda as dificuldades e obstáculos enfrentados pelos indivíduos, independentemente de ocuparem cargos de liderança, para viverem autenticamente.
Inteligência Artificial no contexto Pediátrico - Inovações e desafios para implementação
Authors: Otôni Espíndola Rocha Caio César , De Otôni Espíndola Rocha Maria Eduarda
Published: September 2024

O uso da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na medicina está em crescimento constante, sendo aplicada em diversas especialidades. Este trabalho se concentra em analisar seu impacto na medicina pediátrica, destacando como as IA’s podem contribuir significativamente para aprimorar a tomada de decisões clínicas, fornecer prognósticos mais precisos e elevar a segurança do paciente. No entanto, sua implementação também apresenta desafios complexos que requerem considerações cuidadosas para garantir uma aplicação eficaz e ética. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa para abordar tanto as oportunidades promissoras quanto as considerações críticas relacionadas ao uso da IA na pediatria, visando a contribuir para um entendimento das implicações e potencialidades dessa implementação nessa área.Palavras-chave: inteligência artificial; pediatria; medicina.
Inteligência artificial no ensino de química: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Soares Leonardo Figueiredo , Silva Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos
Published: September 2024

A aplicação de ferramentas tecnológicas tem se apresentado como importante alternativa para a superação de desafios na aprendizagem. A Química, ciência demarcada pela sua linguagem e pela interpretação de fenômenos que lhe são próprios, sofre com sérios problemas ligados à transposição de seus conhecimentos, devido a sua necessidade de abstração, matematização e simbologias. As ferramentas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) podem ser poderosos contributos para a superação das lacunas de aprendizagem ao permitir a imersão em jogos digitais, a comunicação com chatbots ou a utilização de conhecimentos em programação. Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar o emprego da IA no ensino de Química. Percebeu-se a escassez de trabalhos em periódicos sobre a temática, mesmo havendo publicações a nível de TCC e dissertações de mestrado. Verificou-se que as ferramentas, quando utilizadas por meio de metodologia de ensino adequada, facilitam a aprendizagem, embora seja necessário ampliar essa discussão, considerando a diversidade de recursos que se utilizam de IA que temos à nossa disposição.Palavras-chave: ensino de química; inteligência artificial; tecnologias digitais; chatbots.
Treatment-Resistant Mood Disorders
Authors: Naeem Nadia , Farooqi Rabia
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the presentation of symptoms in patients suffering from treatment-resistant mood disorder (TRMD), and associated clinical features, including age, gender, and comorbid conditions, that lead towards the development of treatment-resistant mood disorder. Furthermore, the study analyses the available psychotherapeutic treatment modalities and evidence-based non-medical treatment approaches for TRMD.
Method: The current study utilized a systematic review approach where 37 articles were studied and three articles were theoretically sampled to authenticate and signify the findings. PRISMA guidelines were followed and the review was conducted by searching social sciences databases and electronic libraries including Google Scholar, Sage Journal, and Science Direct (1990-2020).
Results: The results suggested that psychotherapeutic interventions including cognitive behavior therapy, mindful-based cognitive therapy; and interpersonal and social rhythm therapeutic interventions are efficacious modalities for treatment when in augmentation with psychopharmacological treatment. Bipolar diathesis and comorbid conditions of anxiety and personality disorders are possible causal factors in developing the condition of treatment resistance in mood disorders. The prevalence rate of TRMD is more common in females and in late adulthood. The analysis also suggests that there are numerous risk factors contributing to making a mood disorder treatment-resistant over a period of time; the most observed conditions were physical and psychological comorbidity, inaccurate diagnosis, lack of proper medical treatment, illness severity, and late age diagnosis. In evidence-based non-medical treatment approaches aerobics demonstrated promising results in improving the condition of complex mood disorders.
Conclusion: It was concluded that psychotherapeutic interventions in augmentation with pharmacological modalities enhance the efficacy of treatment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8245
How to cite this: Naeem N, Farooqi R. Treatment-Resistant Mood Disorders. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8245
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Role of nurse informaticists in the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) at resource-limited settings
Authors: Asif Kiran Bano , Khan Haroon
Published: September 2024

Electronic health records (EHRs) play a critical role in the management of patient information and timely decision making in health facilities. In resource-limited settings, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), nurse informaticists play a pivotal role in the implementation of EHRs. This article underscores their multifaceted responsibilities, emphasising critical contributions in vendor selection, system evaluation, workflow analysis, content development, end-user device assessment, training, and post-implementation stability support. By providing nurse informaticists in lower middle-income countries with a clear understanding of their responsibilities and tailored strategies, this article aims to enhance EHR implementation success in these unique contexts.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9686
How to cite this: Asif KB, Khan H. Role of nurse informaticists in the implementation of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) at resource-limited settings. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(9):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9686
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Heavy metals concentration in mud crab (Scylla serrata) and related soil at Chattogram and Cox’s Bazar area of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossen Shipan , Chowdhury Mohammad Abu Sayed , Das Rimu , Rahman Md. Habibur
Published: September 2024

Heavy metal levels have increased due to increased industrialization, which has a negative impact on crab, an essential source of protein. This study aimed to measure the level of certain heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) in edible tissue from mud crab (Scylla serrata) and related soil collected from Chattogram and Cox's Bazar in Bangladesh. The concentration of heavy metals in mud crab and the soil were determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (Model ICE 3300). While the mean values of heavy metals in crab tissue samples from Chattogram were 0.06 mg/kg for Cd and 0.45 mg/kg for Pb, in the related soil samples these values were determined as 0.52 mg/kg for Cd and 7.24 mg/kg for Pb. In Cox's Bazar, the mean Pb content was 4.1 mg/kg in related soil, but the levels of Cd and Hg were below the detection limit. In S. serrata tissues, all heavy metal concentrations were below the detection limit. The heavy metal values obtained in the study were compared with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Health Organization (WHO), European Union (EU) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Results concluded that metal concentrations were within permissible limits and did not pose an immediate risk to public health or human consumption. Specifically, the measured concentration levels are considered poor when compared to national and international requirements.
An evaluation on the proximity of satellite- and model-based datasets of temperature and chlorophyll-a in coastal areas of İskenderun Bay
Authors: Bengil Fethi , Mavruk Sinan , Polat Sevim , Akbulut Gürkan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the monitoring of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) levels in Iskenderun Bay using satellite and modeling data and evaluates the possible use of these datasets for monitoring marine ecosystems. Datasets derived from MODIS-Aqua satellite imagery and modeling data obtained from the Copernicus MyOcean and in-situ measurements were used in the study. According to the analysis on paried data sets of the distribution of SST and chl-a, sattelite and model datasets showed statistically significant correlations with in-situ measurements for SST. However, only satellite dataset showed significant correlations for Chl-a. Evaluations on uncertainty of the data sets revealed that the satellite dataset had a narrower range and less outlier distribution for SST. For chlorophyll-a, both datasets had wide uncertainty ranges and required further improvement. This study highlights the potential of satellite and model datasets for monitoring SST and chl-a variations in Iskenderun Bay.
Checklist of marine dinoflagellates on the coast of Türkiye
Authors: Çolak Sabancı Fatma
Published: September 2024

Using the evaluations of 77 literature studies conducted along the Turkish coasts of the Black Sea, Marmara Sea, Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, a checklist has been compiled. It has been observed that the dinoflagellate flora is represented by a total of 330 species belonging to 75 different genera. This literature study has determined that the number of dinoflagellate species reaches up to 181 in the Black Sea, 158 in the Marmara Sea, 206 in the Aegean Sea, and 192 in the Mediterranean Sea. This study has revealed that particularly in the case of new species records, the characteristic structural features, distributions, and photographs of the species are not provided. It has also been observed that many geographical points have not been investigated yet, and some species reported as new records have previously been reported in earlier studies. In future studies, updating the checklist becomes crucial in terms of forming a dataset.
Philosophy and sociology of atypical development (the image of the "Other" in world cinema)
Authors: Tyurina Nadiya
Published: September 2024

The textbook examines the basic concepts of philosophy, sociology of atypical development and their reflection in world cinema.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the field of training 44.04.03 "Special (defectological) education" (master's degree), as well as specialists (defectologists, psychologists, social educators) of educational, social and interdepartmental institutions implementing programs of psychological, pedagogical and socio-pedagogical support for children, adolescents and adults with disabilities, as well as their parents (legal representatives).
Trust and Fertility Intentions in High-Trust Sweden: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Gortfelder Mark , Neyer Gerda , Andersson Gunnar
Published: September 2024

Trust has recently received some attention in demographic literature as one potential factor for fertility considerations in post-industrial societies. It has been argued that trust is relevant in a number of different ways, including as a resilience mechanism against different perceived uncertainties that may affect childrearing decisions. Trust is also related to a host of positive political and economic outcomes, all of which enable childbearing. To date, studies have used macro-level or multilevel frameworks and a measure of social trust that focuses on confidence in fellow members of society. In our study, we use two novel modules of the Swedish Generations and Gender Survey 2021 (GGS2021) to study this relationship further. First, we analyse the associations between different measures of interpersonal and institutional trust on the one hand and individuals’ fertility intentions on the other. Second, we examine whether either interpersonal or institutional trust acts as a resilience mechanism against various individual and global uncertainties. The results do not show trust to be a decisive factor behind fertility intentions in Sweden. The absence of strong associations may be attributable to Sweden’s position as a notably high-trust society, with its inclusive labour markets and welfare services.
Efficacy and Controversies Surrounding Electroconvulsive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Literature Review
Authors: Czupryńska Karolina , Otręba Karina , Daniel Piotr , Leśkiewicz Michał , Składanek Justyna , Cieszkowska Joanna
Published: September 2024

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains a vital treatment option for individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Despite its historical stigma, controversy, and limited accessibility, ECT has been demonstrated to be beneficial and effective in severe cases of depressive disorders, where medication fails to produce results. It has been utilized since 1938 as a therapeutic technique for various psychiatric disorders, often used as an alternative to chemically induced seizures. The public’s perspectives on ECT hold significance as they can shape attitudes toward patients undergoing this therapy and the discrimination associated with receiving ECT. Additionally, the perspectives of patients who may benefit from ECT and those who are already undergoing treatment are crucial as they can influence treatment decisions and consent processes. This literature review examines the efficacy and controversies surrounding ECT in the management of TRD. Studies assessing the effectiveness of ECT in TRD, along with associated adverse effects and ethical considerations, are reviewed. Additionally, the role of ECT in contemporary psychiatric practice and its comparison with alternative treatments for TRD are discussed. The review highlights the complex interplay between clinical efficacy, safety, patient preferences, and societal perceptions in shaping the utilization of ECT in the treatment of TRD.
The most common dermatoses of athletes
Authors: Szot Anna , Kmak Bożena , Górska Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Introduction and purpose 
The skin and subcutaneous tissue constitute the body's protective barrier. It also fulfills important physiological functions. It protects internal organs against the harmful effects of environmental factors and maintains the balance between the human body and the environment.
Athlete's dermatoses are a wide group of skin diseases that may occur as a result of specific conditions to which people who practise sports are exposed. Some skin diseases are characteristic of specific sports, while others may occur regardless of the type of physical activity performed. Mechanical damage to the epidermis, excessive humidity, contact with pathogens and exposure to various environmental factors play a key role in the development of these diseases. Regular dermatological check-ups are crucial for identifying and treating skin lesions and preventing mass infections caused by infectious agents. The study discusses the most common dermatoses in athletes, including fungal, bacterial and viral infections, contact dermatitis and dermatoses caused by mechanical and environmental factors.
 
Materials and methods
The literature included in the PubMed, BioMed Central and Polish Medical Platform databases is searched by means of the words such as dermatosis, sport, skin, fungal, bacterial, viral infection, contact dermatitis. Quoted sources in selected works were also used.
 
ConclusionsMany factors can have a harmful effect on the skin, negatively affect its function as an integral barrier of the body and, consequently, cause the development of dermatoses, which are quite common among athletes due to frequent contact with sweat, clothing, sports equipment and the environments in which they train. Prevention is an important element in minimizing the risk of skin problems and this is key to maintaining health and continuing physical activity.
Cracks in the Climb: Health Problems Faced in Bouldering
Authors: Szymchel Michał , Grzegorzak Filip , Cąkała Marlena , Zajkowska-Sierpniak Aleksandra , Kozioł Magdalena , Podgórniak Kamila
Published: September 2024

Bouldering is a distinctive discipline within the broader realm of climbing sports, characterized by its dynamic nature and the absence of ropes, which leads to a higher frequency of falls. This climbing style has seen a surge in global popularity, with an increasing number of indoor bouldering facilities emerging worldwide. Bouldering, regarded by some authors as parkour adapted to vertical terrain, involves more dynamic movements than other climbing disciplines. This contributes to a considerable risk of overuse injuries in specific areas of the upper limbs and traumatic injuries in the lower limbs. Furthermore, bouldering, like other climbing disciplines, presents a risk of nail damage and subsequent fungal infections.  
In addition to examining injury risks, this review also touches on the issue of airborne chalk dust exposure, a well-documented concern in enclosed spaces during indoor bouldering. Our study aims to consolidate the available information, highlighting the potential health hazards of indoor bouldering, raising awareness of these risks, and underscoring the need for further research to better understand and mitigate these dangers.
Nie żałuję wyboru
Authors: Orzechowski Emil
Published: September 2024

The article is based on existing determinations of facts connected with Modjeska’s choice of an acting career and the first period of her work on the stage (1840–1865), but it offers a new interpretation of these events. The paper shows in a different light the role of G. Zimajer in Helena’s life. It also describes her participation in the reform of acting style initiated in the Krakow theatre in 1865.
Szalony, kto nie chce wyżej, jeżeli może
Authors: Orzechowski Jan
Published: September 2024

Crazy who does not want higher if he or she can – the message of Helena Modjeska is very readable and vibrant today. Credible additionally due to the actress’s biography and figures of persons with whom she combined her stage and private fates, it helps us today to find motivation to reach higher. The text constituted a motivating presentation for the higher executive cadre of the IT j-labs company. It was delivered in 2023.
Code and Data Repository for Deterring the Gray Market: Product Diversion Detection via Learning Disentangled Representations of Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Lin Hao , Liu Guannan , Wu Junjie , Zhao J. Leon
Published: September 2024

The goal of this software is to facilitate readers to reproduce the experimental results in this paper. The experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed model on both real-world and synthetic data sets.
Genetic Algorithms with Neural Cost Predictor for Solving Hierarchical Vehicle Routing Problems
Authors: Sobhanan Abhay , Park Junyoung , Park Jinkyoo , Kwon Changhyun
Published: September 2024

When vehicle routing decisions are intertwined with higher-level decisions, the resulting optimization problems pose significant challenges for computation. Examples are the multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP), where customers are assigned to depots before delivery, and the capacitated location routing problem (CLRP), where the locations of depots should be determined first. A simple and straightforward approach for such hierarchical problems would be to separate the higher-level decisions from the complicated vehicle routing decisions. For each higher-level decision candidate, we may evaluate the underlying vehicle routing problems to assess the candidate. As this approach requires solving vehicle routing problems multiple times, it has been regarded as impractical in most cases. We propose a novel deep learning-based approach called the genetic algorithm with neural cost predictor to tackle the challenge and simplify algorithm developments. For each higher-level decision candidate, we predict the objective function values of the underlying vehicle routing problems using a pretrained graph neural network without actually solving the routing problems. In particular, our proposed neural network learns the objective values of the HGS-CVRP open-source package that solves capacitated vehicle routing problems. Our numerical experiments show that this simplified approach is effective and efficient in generating high-quality solutions for both MDVRP and CLRP and that it has the potential to expedite algorithm developments for complicated hierarchical problems. We provide computational results evaluated in the standard benchmark instances used in the literature.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on TSL Conference 2023.

Funding: This research was funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea [Grant RS-2023-00259550].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2023.0369 .
Therapeutic Effects of Ojungyousik Meditation on Mental health State of Nursing Students
Authors: Choi Yeon-Ja
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of meditation therapy of Ojungyousikgwan on the mental health state of nursing students. Methods: The subjects of this study were totally 181 (88 in the experimental group, 93 in the control group) as nursing students. Research design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental research, and the period was from March to December, 2000. The researcher gave experimental group experiment time over total 12 times for 4 weeks: 60 minutes in a time, 3 times in a week(Mon., Wed., Fri.). Collected data were analyzed by t-test with Minitab program. The tool of Symptom CheckList-90-R(SCL-90-R) was used as a measurement scale. Results: The first hypothesis in the respect of mental health states were partly supported. The second hypothesis in the respect of total mental health state was supported in the level of p<.01. The third hypothesis total index of 3 respects of mental health states were supported.Conclusion: Meditation therapy of Ojungyousikwan is the way for the supreme mental health promotion that can unlimitedly expand an individual in a point of view of ontology into an universal view of the world and cosmic self.
Sex-role Identity in Adolescents and its Relation to Anxiety, Depression and Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Ryu Eunjung , Seo Jeongseok , Ham Miyoung , Park Youngrae , Moon Seokwoo , Nam Beomwoo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the types of sex role identity(SRI) in adolescents and to investigate the relationship between the types of SRI and depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Methods: Participants were 1,623 high school students(male 578, female 1045) in an urban city. Korean Sex-role inventory, DISC-MDD-SQ for depression, BAI for anxiety, and the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-JR were used. Results: The undifferentiated SRI(male 67.0%, female 67.3%) was most common. The mean scores of depression and the suicidal ideation were 10.22(±4.40), 28.96(±14.53). There was no significant difference between the types of SRI and depression and suicidal ideation. The mean score of anxiety was 13.21(±10.38), and there was a significant difference in the level of anxiety on type of SRI. Especially masculine SRI had a significant lower anxiety level than undifferentiated type. Conclusion: Disharmony between physical and psychological development in adolescents has a potential risk for psychological distress, delinquency, substance abuse, and school- related problem. Also, regarding the sexual identity is the one of the important psychological task in adolescent, balanced education planning is needed to promote to differentiate the sex-role identity.
Effect of the Group Art Therapy in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Kim lnhong
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The objects of this study is to examine the effects of a group art therapy on the attention problems, aggression, sociality, total behavior problems and self-esteem of children with ADHD. Methods: The participants were children who were ADHD attending P community mental health center and J elementary school, six children were assigned to the experimental group and 7 to the control group. We performed the 20 session art therapy.Instruments used for this study were Children's Behavior Check List-Korean version, self-esteem inventory. The data were analyzed using Fisher exact test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The scores of attention problems(p<0.01), aggressive behavior(p<0.01), and total behavior problems(p<0.05) decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group after the application. And, sociality(p<0.01) and self-esteem(p<0.001) increased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group after the application. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the potential and beneficial effect of group art therapy in children with ADHD.
The Homosexual Identity Developmental Process and Mental Health In Korean Gay Men
Authors: Yeu Kidong , Lee Mihyoung
Published: September 2024

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to explain nursing care and the nurse's role by exploring homosexual identity developmental process and to identify mental health in Korean gay men in the context of Korean society and culture. Methods: The research method used was the Focus Group Method with participants for this study being 8 gay men involved in the gay and lesbian human rights association in Seoul. The data were collected through focus group interviews up to data saturation from March 13 to March 26, 2004. Transcripts, field notes, observations and documents were examined by means of Problem-Oriented Analysis. Data collection and analysis were performed simultaneously. Results: The homosexual identity developmental process in Korean gay men was identified as involving 5 temporal stages identity confusion, identity awareness, identity resistance, identity acceptance and identity pride. Homophobia and social discrimination against gays caused severe mental health problems. From this analysis of the developmental process, 3 stages in gay men's mental health problems were identified: high-risk, stable and health promotion. In the high-risk stage, gays suffered from guilty feelings, fear, depression, suicide, self-denial, isolation, difficulty in human relationships, pain and anger. Next, in the stable stage, guilty feelings, shame, self-disgust, impatience and family burden were decreased remarkably after self-acceptance. In the health promotion stage, they were peaceful and happy because they were freed from their psychological distresses with gay pride. Conclusion: This research will increase the understanding of homosexual clients and expand nursing knowledge for critical care. Furthermore, this study might help not only gays and lesbians but also psychiatric and mental health nurse practitioners and professionals such as counselors, supporters and advocates.
An Analysis of Nursing Research on Addiction in Korea
Authors: Im Sook-Bin , Lee Jong-Eun , Yang Soo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was to identify the trend of nursing research on addiction and to make suggestion for further study in Korea. Methods: The study was conducted by analysing the 87 articles which at least one nursing scholar participated in the study on addiction. Results: There was not a remarkable increase in the number of studies in the later 1990s. Most of studies were carried on alcohol or internet addiction and drug abuse by survey.Some were qusi-experimental designed for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention. Many instruments were applied but not consistently used. The researchers studied on the relation between anxiety, despair, loneliness, aggression, and self-concept. However, there has been few addiction and depression, studies on self-regulation, though it is considered a very important concept. Socio-psychological interventions to reduce stress or negative emotion and promote self-confidence were mostly applied. Conclusion: More effort is needed on the qualitative and quantitative studies of various addictions. Furthermore, collaborative research project should be designed for conclusive outcome on the development of valid instruments, and the development of preventive and therapy intervention that is socio-culturally appropriate for family as well as patient.
The Impact of School Bullying Victim and Depression on Suicidal Ideation of Middle School Students
Authors: Lee Chung Sook , Kweon Young Ran , Kim Soo Jin
Published: September 2024

Objective: To identify the impact of school bullying victim and depression on suicidal ideation of middle school students in Gwangju city. Methods: The subjects were 1,200 students from 5 middle schools. Study instrument for bullying victim was 3-point 12-items (a= .91) developed by Korean Psychological Association (1993), for depression 4-point 21 -items (a= .93) developed by Beck(l976) and for suicidal Ideation 2-point 71 -items (a= .95) developed by Shin(l993). Data were collected by self-reported structured questionnaires from Dec. 23th 2004 to May 10th 2005, and analyzed with the frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficients, and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS/Win 12.0 program. Results: Prevalence of bullying victim was 68.8% in general groups, 24.0% in low risk, and 7.2% in high-risk group. In depression, 40.8%(moderate 22.0%; severe 18.8%) were serious. In suicidal ideation, 2.6% were high-riskers. Mean scores of bullying victim were 4.94, 15.09 in depression, and 20.83 in suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was significantly positive correlation with bullying victim(r =. 325, p = .000) and depression(r = .603, p = .000). Depression was significantly influencing predictive variable on suicidal ideation (36.4%). Conclusion: Based on the above findings, the authors suggest that comparison study on the impact of bullying victim and depression on suicidal ideation. Also, school-based suicprevention program for adolescents be developed according to bullying victim, depression, and suicidal ideation.
A Study on Smoking Knowledge, Smoking Attitude, and Smoking Cessation Intention of Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Kim Soo Ok
Published: September 2024

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, and smoking cessation intention of psychiatric patients. Methods: The subjects were 85 psychiatric inpatient smokers in Y area. The data was collected using structured questionnaires from May to June of 2006. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS (ver. 10.0) program. Results: Most of the subjects(81.2%) were distributed in precontemplation stage and their levels of smoking knowledge and smoking cessation intention were moderate, and smoking attitude was poor. There were significant positive correlations among knowledge, attitude and smoking cessation intention. Knowledge and attitude significantly predicted their intention to quit smoking and attitude was stronger predictor than knowledge. These variables accounted for 46.5% of smoking cessation intention. Conclusion: The development of smoking cessation education program that focuses attitude change is needed. Maybe, well-designed program will enhance their knowledge, attitude and smoking cessation intention.