bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Serological and Molecular Method for Detection of Xylella Fastidiosa Associated with Olive Quick Decline
Authors: Alasadi Ghazwan Jalil
Published: May 2022

Sampling was carried out monthly for five months (March to July) on different host plants known to be infected by X. fastidiosa in previous surveys in order to evaluate the efficiency of a patented “sap extraction method” for favoring the detection of X. fastidiosa. Regarding the bacterium isolation, “sap extraction” showed to be more performing than conventional ones for olive, N. oleander and P. myrtifolia. The study confirmed that the best period for the bacterium isolation was from the end of spring to early summer. Regarding the use of Sap extraction for diagnostic purposes, slight differences were related to the type of explants used in ELISA and RT-LAMP. Likely, the surface sterilization of plant material may decrease the concentration of the bacterium in Sap extraction. In ELISA, Sap extraction looks less sensitive and has a slower reaction kinetics compared to conventional extraction method, while RT-LAMP applied with Sap Extraction looks better than conventional ones. Concerning RT-LAMP, the numbers of comparative tests should be increased. From the preliminary results of this study, it would appear that the “sap extraction method” is more effective than the conventional one for the isolation of different fungal species.
Effect of Replacing Black Soldier Fly Larvae Powder with Soybean Meal in the Ration on the Productive Traits of Laying Hens
Authors: Zaki Ali N. , Naji Dr. Saad A.
Published: May 2022

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of Replacing Black Soldier Fly Larvae Powder With Soybean Meal in the Ration on the Productive Traits of Laying Hens during the period 29-9-2020 to 18-1-2021. Sixty laying hens, 55 weeks old were used randomly divided into 5 treatments, four replicates for each treatments (3 birds per replicates). Experimental treatments were: (T1): control, (T2): BSF larval meal was partially replaced by 25% in the place of Soybean meal, T3: BSF larval meal was partially replaced by 50% in the place of Soybean meal, T4: Partially replace 75% BSF larval powder in soybean meal, T5: completely replace 100% BSF larvae powder. Results showed during the total period of the experiment (56-71) weeks that there were no significant differences between the experiment treatments in the characteristic of egg production percentage (H.D.%), egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, feed conversion ratio.
Effect of Using Menthol Leaves Powder Comparative with Vitamin C as Heat Stress Reduces and Effect on Physiogical Performance of Broiler
Authors: Shawkat Naz Nawzad , Shanoon Ammar Qahtan , Mustafa Nidhal Abdulghani
Published: May 2022

This experiment was conducted in the poultry field of Kosar_Erbil, to study the effect of the use of local mint leaf powder compared to vitamin C to reduce heat stress and its impact on the productive and physical performance of meat meadows for the period from 23 July 2021 to 3/9/2021, 280 rolls of ross 308 meat chicks were used at the age of one day unexcised and the primary weight rate (35±3) g per chick, where chicks were randomly distributed to seven transactions at 4 repeats per Repeater 10 birds. Mint leaf powder and vitamin C have been added to the attic from the second week of the trial to the sixth week of the 42-day trial. The trial transactions were as follows: (T1 control treatment free of any addition), (T2 added 1g/kg mint leaf powder feed), (T3 added 2g/kg mint leaf powder feed), (T4 added 3g/kg mint leaf powder feed), (T5 peppermint leaf blended by 1 g/kg with vitamin C 25mg/kg feed), (T6 added peppermint leaves blended by 2 g/kg with vitamin C 25mg/kg feed), (T7 added mixed mint leaves by 3 g/kg with vitamin C 25mg/kg feed). Blood traits are observed as a moral rise (P ≤ 0.05) in the proportion of total protein and chloropulin, as well as an improvement in the condition of antioxidants where a decrease in MDA levels and a rise in GSH levels of bird totals treated with mint leaf powder and vitamin C compared to control treatment were observed.
Serum Levels of Adropin and Some Biochemical Parameters in Acute Myocardial Infarcyion
Authors: Hussein Refka Ali , Abualkasem Banan Akram , Hamzah Mohammed I.
Published: May 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when flow of blood to the heart is suddenly cut off, that lead to damage of the tissue. This is causing by a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries. A blockage can expand due to a buildup of plaque, a substance mostly made of fat, cholesterol, and cellular waste products. Atherosclerosis may be a chronic inflammation disease and it is an active process, it is having mainly role in the MI pathogenesis, the inflammatory responsible for to accelerate atherosclerosis, decrease anti inflammation associated with MI, novel marker Adropin has anti inflammation and cardiovascular protective role. The objective of this study was evaluate Adropin levels in acute Myocardial Infarction and find the correlation between Adropin, and cardiac biomarker (hs-TI, hs-CRP and CKMB). The patients in this study were 50 patients and 50 control, when measurement of Adropin in studies groups of MI found that decrease in concentration of serum Adropin in patents groups of compare with control. The conclusion was that Adropin can be used to diagnose acute myocardial infarction, along with the use of a Cardiac biomarker such: (hs-TI), (hs-CRP) and Creatine kinase (CK-MB).
Bayesian Composite Quantile Regression with Composite Group Bridge Penalty
Authors: Aloqaili Murtadha Jaafar , Alhamzawi Rahim
Published: May 2022

We study composite quantile regression (CQReg) with composite group bridge penalty for model selection and estimation. Compared to conventional mean regression, composite quantile regression (CQR) is an efficient and robust estimation approach. A simple and efficient algorithm was developed for posterior inference using a pseudo composite asymmetric Laplace distribution which can be formulated as a location-scale mixture of normals. The composite group bridge priors were formulated as a scale mixture of multivariate uniforms. We assess the performance of the proposed method using simulation studies, and demonstrate it with an air pollution data. Results indicated that our approach performs very well compared to the existing approaches.
Complementarity and Substitutability between Agricultural Imports and Production Factors in Iraq’s Agriculture
Authors: Ajmy Samar R. , Alsaad Awf A.
Published: May 2022

The study aimed to study the relationship between agricultural imports (exogenous variable) with domestic variables such as labor and capital in the Iraq’s agricultural sector for the production of goods for the period (1990-2018) using transcendental logarithmic cost function, which is a type of flexible functional forms. The iterative seemingly unrelated regression method (ITSUR) was adopted as a standard method for estimating the model to take advantage of the multiple properties such as imposing and testing various restrictions. After estimating the system of equations with imposing mathematical restrictions, own and cross-elasticities were calculated to investigate complementarity and substitutability between agricultural imports, capital, and labor. Share of imports was the largest with respect to the total shares within the system of cost functions as it reached 52% followed by share of the capital of 25%, and finally share of the labor of 23%. Demand for labor was highly elastic with value of Allen's partial elasticity of -1.9, and this indicates that the labor resource was affected by price changes. In addition, demand for capital and agricultural imports was less elastic as value of elasticities -1.68 and -0.87 respectively. The study recommended conducting indepth studies on the nature of substitution among production factors in Iraqi agriculture due to the absence of such studies to know the nature of factor substitution. Especially since in recent decades there have been developments including economic and political shocks in general, and particularly in the agricultural sector.
The Effect of Foliar Spraying with Hydrogen Peroxide and Vitamin E (α-Tecopherol) and their Interaction with Some of the Vegetative and Physiological Characteristics in the Chickpeas Cicer Arietinum L. Plant
Authors: AL-Saady Sahar Faeq Mahdi , AL-Kareemawi Inas Haseeb Khamees , Yousif Mohammed Dhary
Published: May 2022

The experiment was carried out using pots and the complete random design method (RCBD) and during the winter agricultural season 2021-2022 to study the effect of spraying with hydrogen peroxide at concentrations 15, 20 mmol. L-1, vitamin E at concentration 150, 200, 250 mg.L-1 and their interaction in some vegetative and physiological characteristics of chickpeas plant.The results showed a significant decrease in the average characteristic of plant height and the number of leaves and branches when treated with hydrogen peroxide, particularly concentration 20 mmol.L-1 while treatment with vitamin E at concentration of 250 mg. L-1 led to a significant increase in these characteristic, however, had no significant effect when treated with hydrogen peroxide and vitamin E as well as a significant increase in the average effectiveness of the enzyme catalase, peroxidase, plant content of proline and hydrogen peroxide, especially when concentrating 20 mmol.L-1 of H2O2 and 250 mg.L-1 of vitamin E have had a significant effect on most of the characteristic studied.
Effect of Adding Ginger Roots Powder and Vitamin E and their Synergistic Interaction between them to Ingredients of the Pellet Concentrated Rations on Productive Performance and Some Characteristics of Carcass of Awassi Lambs
Authors: Al-Ali Mohammed A. Gh. , Almahdawi Mozhir K.K.
Published: May 2022

To find out effects of adding ginger roots powder and vitamin E and mutual synergy between them on productive performance and some carcass features of Awassi lambs. An experimement was conducted at animal farm designated for raising sheep of the Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul. Twenty-four of Awassi lambs (males) were selected homogeneously with average of initial weight (27.250- 27.525 kg) and close in age (5.5-6 months) at the beginning of experiment. The fattening diet was prepared as a peleted ration free of feed additives (control diet).While ginger roots powder was added at a rate of 20 gm/kg dry matter to the second ration and vitamin E was added at a rate of 200 mg/kg to the third diet's components.As for fourth treatment a mixture of 20 gm of ginger roots powder and 200 mg of vitamin E was added to concentrate pelleted. The lovable concentrated diets of Awassi lambs were provided with uniform protein level (15.59%) and metabolize energy level (2750 Kcal) during fattening period (90 day). The current study found that lambs treated with the experimental treatments had significantly higher rates of final weight, daily gains, and total weight than lambs treated with the control treatments. The rates of final weight were 45.475, 48.167, 49.410, 51.512 kg, daily weight gain was 199, 232, 244, 268 gm/day and total weight gain was 17.983, 20.917, 21.978, 24,205 kg/head for four treatments respectively. In terms of carcass features, the results demonstrated a highly significant improvement (P≤0.01) on an averages of hot and cold carcasses weights was in favor of lambs treated with ginger, vitamin E, and a synergistic treatment between them as compared to lambs given with a control treatment. The averages of hot carcass weights were 20.983, 24.545, 25,711, 27.580 kg, and cold carcass weights were 20.515, 24.177, 25.325, 26,994 kg for four treatments respectively.While the current study found a substantial superiority (P≤0.05) on rates of ocular muscle area and significant decrease on fat under skin thickness which was comparison to the control group.
Changes in Serum Irisin in Response to Metformin Treatment in Iraqi Women Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Hameed Marwa A. , Ali Rawaa H. , Al-Qadhi Huda I.
Published: May 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition in women, characterized by hyperandrogenism. Infrequent ovulation and multiple follicular cysts in hypertrophied sized ovaries, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance irisin a myokine play a vital role in the pathogenesis of many diseases characterized by insulin resistance. Objective: Assessment of the effect of metformin on the level of serum irisin in PCOS women compared to non– metformin-treated PCOS patients and healthy controls. Material and methods: This analytical cross-sectional included 88 females whose ages ranged from (18-to 40) years. All females were selected from the infertility treatment and IVF center of Kamal Al-Samarraey Hospital Baghdad/ Iraq from October 2020 to March 2021. Women were divided into three groups: group (a) involved 33 women with polycystic ovary syndrome metformin treatment, group (b) involved 37 women with polycystic ovary don't receive metformin group (c) involved (23) healthy women (act as controls). Each Serum specimen was analyzed to measure irisin, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: significantly higher serum levels of irisin, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were found in both groups of polycystic ovary women compared to healthy women. There was no significant difference in serum irisin levels between the two groups of polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusion: It has been concluded that serum irisin levels did not change in response to metformin treatment.
Improving the Thermal Insulating Properties of (Epoxy - Walnut Shells) Nano Composites
Authors: Salim Faiza M. , Farhan Fadhil K. , Almohana Abothur
Published: May 2022

In this paper, composites of epoxy resin reinforced with walnut husk powder with a granular size (80 nm) were prepared, where the resin was mixed with percentages (1- 4) % by weight. Liquid mixing method and ultrasonic dispersion technique were used for the purpose of obtaining homogeneous nano composites. Thermal insulation tests were carried out using the TCI-MATHIS thermal analysis technique. The practical results showed a significant improvement in the thermal insulation values from (4 to 10) m.K/W. Any penny more than (50%) improved.
Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) - supplemented diet on growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: ÖZ Mustafa , DİKEL Suat
Published: May 2022

In this study, rainbow trout were fed for a total of 90 days with different feed mixes containing 0.00%, 1.00%, 1.50% and 2.00% garlic (Allium sativum). The effect of garlic on the growth performance, body composition and fatty acid profile of rainbow trout was researched. The starting weight of fish in the experimental group was approximately 64.12±0.29 gr, which increased to 234.12±3.54gr, 246.31±4.41gr, 258.74±4.42gr, and 268.79±4.79gr, while the difference in growth between the groups was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.05). At the end of the feeding period, the specific growth rate (SGR), the economic conversion ratio (ECR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), the economic profit index (EPI) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER) were checked. In this study, the nutritional composition and fatty acid profiles of fish after 90 days of feeding were examined. As a result of this study, the supplementation of garlic to the diet given to rainbow trout caused an increase in their protein ratio and a decrease in their moisture content and fat ratio. Additionally, it led to a decrease in fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
WPŁYW POGODY NA ŻYCIE CODZIENNE CZŁOWIEKA
Authors: GÓRNA Weronika
Published: May 2022

The study covers an analysis of the impact of meteorological factors on human well-being, as well as the importance of weather forecasts in people’s daily lives. Data obtained from an online questionnaire have been used to determine the characteristics of the influence of weather on human well-being and functioning. Women (65.5%), considerably more often than men (41%) maintain that they are or rather are susceptible to meteoropathy. What is more, this response prevailed in urban rather than suburban or rural areas. The research results also indicate that cyclonic weather (high cloudiness, rainfall, low atmospheric pressure) tends to intensify the body’s response to atmospheric stimuli. High productivity, for example at work, typically accompanies cloudless weather, with air temperatures ranging from 15°C to 24°C which 68.5% of the respondents consider the most optimal. As many as 83.7% of the respondents make use of weather forecast on a daily basis or almost every day, which shows the importance of verification thereof in the context of indirect threat to life, as well as possible unfavorable meteorotropic situations
AN ATTEMPT TO USE GOOGLE EARTH PRO IMAGES FOR SELECTED GEODETIC WORKS − FOR EXAMPLE OF WOLNOŚCI SQUARE IN POZNAŃ (POLAND)
Authors: KUBIAK JAROSŁAW , MAGDA PAULINA
Published: May 2022

The article concerns issues pertaining to satellite geodesy and the possibilities of using the available source materials such as high-resolution satellite maps for selected works which require a high degree of accuracy in determining the location of topographic objects. The purpose of the work was to indicate the potential use of Google Earth maps for selected geodetic works (preparing topographic descriptions, sketch maps) in order to facilitate and accelerate the process. Works were carried out in an urban area, Wolności Square in Poznań (Poland) where 58 checkpoints were located. In order to design them, maps from the Google system from four periods were used. The research used the Global Navigation Satellite Systems set consisting of a Leica GS08 + satellite receiver and a Leica CS15 controller, geodetic software for work design (Trimble GNSS Planning Online) and calculations (C-Geo 8) as well as cartographic materials and data obtained from the Municipal Center of Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Poznań: the master map, catalog data and topographic descriptions of the reference points. The results show that the accuracy of the location of points offered by Google is greater than declared by the system operators. However, it is not sufficient for applications in the assumed geodetic works.
ZMIANY WARUNKÓW TERMICZNYCH W PILE W LATACH 1971–2020
Authors: MATUSZAK ZUZANNA
Published: May 2022

The paper focuses on changes of the thermal conditions in Piła in 1971–2020. In the study, daily data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – the National Research Institute, to analyze the variability of the annual, seasonal and monthly average air temperature, develop a thermal classification and determine the variability of the start dates and the length of 6 thermal seasons. The analysis showed an increase in the average air temperature for all of the time intervals. The consequence of the progressive warming was the increasingly frequent occurrence of months, seasons and years with thermal conditions above the norm for the entire studied period. The research also showed statistically significant changes in the dates of the beginning of the spring, summer, autumn and early winter, with the highest trend in the autumn.
SYNOPTYCZNE UWARUNKOWANIA BURZ W PAŹDZIERNIKU 2020 ROKU W POLSCE
Authors: WARDOWSKI DANIEL
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to characterize the occurrence of severe thunderstorms and determine their synoptic conditioning in October 2020 in Poland. In the study, into account were taken three days, i.e. 4, 5 and 10 October, which showed the most intense storm activity. The study considers the number and area of lightning discharges over Poland, the synoptic conditions prevailing in Europe, as well as basic thermodynamic and kinematic indices. The storms in October 2020 were exceptional in comparison to the previous years. They were associated with the migration of cool atmospheric fronts across Poland and the exchange of old polar-marine air masses with polar-marine air masses, which generated the specific thermodynamics and, specifically, the kinetic conditions for the development of thunderstorm cells.
Innovative light sources for phototherapy
Authors: Romano Giovanni , Insero Giacomo , Marrugat Santi Nonell , Fusi Franco
Published: May 2022

The use of light for therapeutic purposes dates back to ancient Egypt, where the sun itself was an innovative source, probably used for the first time to heal skin diseases. Since then, technical innovation and advancement in medical sciences have produced newer and more sophisticated solutions for light-emitting sources and their applications in medicine. Starting from a brief historical introduction, the concept of innovation in light sources is discussed and analysed, first from a technical point of view and then in the light of their fitness to improve existing therapeutic protocols or propose new ones. If it is true that a “pure” technical advancement is a good reason for innovation, only a sub-system of those advancements is innovative for phototherapy. To illustrate this concept, the most representative examples of innovative light sources are presented and discussed, both from a technical point of view and from the perspective of their diffusion and applications in the clinical field.
A student-based central exam scheduling model using A* algorithm
Authors: Başar Mehmet Sinan , Kul Sinan
Published: May 2022

In this study, a student-based placement model using the A* algorithm is proposed and applied to solve the problem of placing the courses in exam sessions. The application area of the model is midterm and final exams, conducted by the Open Education Faculty. The reason for choosing open education exams for the practice is that the exams are applied across the country and more than 100,000 students participate. The main problem is to obtain a suitable distribution that can satisfy many constraints simultaneously. In the current system, the lessons in the sessions were placed once using the curriculum knowledge. This placement plan is applied in all exams. When the placement is done according to the curriculum information, the courses in the sessions cannot be placed effectively and efficiently due to a large number of common courses and the large number of students taking the exam. This makes the booklets more expensive and the organization more prone to errors. Both the opening of new programs and the increase in the number of students regularly lead to the necessity of placing the classes in sessions dynamically each semester. In addition, to prevent conflicts with the calendars of other central exams, it is necessary to conduct all exams in three sessions. A better solution was obtained by using a different model than the currently used model in the study. With this solution, distribution of the courses of successful students with few courses to all sessions is provided, and difficult courses of unsuccessful students who have a large number of courses were gathered in the same session. This study can support future studies on two issues: the first issue is the approach of using the course that will be taken by most students instead of the courses taught in most departments in the selection of the course to be placed in the booklet. The second issue is to try to find the most suitable solution by performing performance tests on many algorithms whose performance has been determined by many academic studies.
Effects of zoledronic acid on bone structure and organization of nanocomposites in rats with obesity and limited mobility
Authors: Kostyshyn N.M. , Shtablavyi I.I.
Published: May 2022

Background: Some investigations show that obesity is associated with increase in bone mass due to excessive mechanical exertion. However, these data are contradictory as loss of mineral density of bone tissue and, respectively, the risk of fractures in this population group is higher. The aim of the research was to investigate impact of drug therapy with zoledronic acid on nanostructure of bones in rats with limited mobility and high-calorie diet.

Methods: Rats (n = 56) were distributed into three groups: control (n = 18) – standard vivarium conditions, І experimental group (n = 18) – rats, which were on a high-calorie diet with limited mobility (HCD+LM), ІІ experimental group (n = 18) – HCD+LM+zoledronic acid. Zoledronic acid was injected at the dose 0.025 mg/kg intramuscularly every four weeks for six months. X-ray structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry were used for investigation of ultrastructure and quantitative assessment of mineral component loss in the femoral neck.

Results: Obesity and limited mobility reduced the level of the mineral component in the femoral neck (−31.5%) compared with control. It is significant that zoledronic acid did not permit decrease in mineral component of the bone throughout the entire experiment compared with group I (+41.8%), and all parameters were higher than in control group (+15%).

Conclusions: Obesity and limited mobility negatively affect mineral bone mass. Zoledronic acid induces increase in the mineral component as a result of remodeling inhibition under conditions of obesity and limited mobility modeling.
Long-distance dispersal of two species of shrews (Sorex caecutiens Laxmann, 1788 and Sorex minutus Linnaeus, 1766)
Authors: Mukhacheva Svetlana , Tolkachev Oleg
Published: May 2022

Data on the dispersal of shrews are still rare, and for some species of Soricidae these are not available at all. Group marking with bait containing rhodamine B was used to study the dispersal of two species of shrews – Laxmann’s shrew (Sorex caecutiens) and pygmy shrew (Sorex minutus) in the Middle Urals (Russia). Twelve Laxmann’s shrews moved straight-line distances ranging from 80 to 4500 m. Five pygmy shrews dispersed from 475 to 2570 m. The are first field data obtained on dispersal distances of the pygmy shrew. The reported dispersal distances of the Laxmann`s shrew are the maximum known for this species.
Gewalt gegen Kinder mittels Schütteltrauma: Kriminalsoziologische Untersuchungen zum sozioökonomischen Status tatverdächtiger Personen mit abgegebenem Tatgeständnis
Authors: Hahnemann Maria L. , Tolasch Eva , Feld Katharina , Wittschieber Daniel
Published: May 2022

Beim Schütteltrauma-Syndrom (STS) handelt es sich um eine häufige Variante sog. misshandlungsbedingter Kopfverletzungen im Säuglings- und Kleinkindalter und stellt eine besonders schwere Form der Kindesmisshandlung dar. Wenig ist bekannt über den sozioökonomischen Hintergrund von geständigen Täter*innen eines STS.Grundlage des multizentrisch aus drei Instituten für Rechtsmedizin erstellten Fallkollektivs bildeten 72 rechtsmedizinische Gutachten in strafrechtlich abgeschlossenen STS-Fällen zu lebenden Säuglingen und Kleinkindern aus den Jahren 2006 bis 2015. Die eigentliche Studienkohorte umfasst 16 tatverdächtige Personen (4 Frauen und 12 Männer), die zuvor im Rahmen einer umfangreichen Analyse der zugehörigen fallassoziierten Gerichtsakten identifiziert wurden und im Laufe des Strafverfahrens ein Tatgeständnis abgelegt hatten.Ein Tatgeständnis wurde in der vorliegenden Untersuchung überwiegend bei Tatverdächtigen mit einer geringen Bildung, einem geringen Berufsstatus und einem geringen Einkommen vorgefunden. Ein niedriger Status dieser 3 Merkmale entspricht dabei im Wesentlichen einem niedrigen sozioökonomischen Status. Nur solche Personen waren demnach bereit, ein entsprechendes Tatgeständnis abzulegen. Auffällig dabei ist, dass Personen mit höherem sozioökonomischem Status in der vorliegenden Studienkohorte nicht vorzufinden waren und dementsprechend auch kein Tatgeständnis ablegten.Die vorliegenden Daten unterstützen daher die Vermutung, dass die Bereitschaft zum Ablegen eines Tatgeständnisses im Rahmen einer Kindesmisshandlung in Gesellschaftsschichten mit höherem sozioökonomischem Status vergleichsweise geringer ausgeprägt sein könnte als bei Personen mit niedrigerem sozioökonomischem Status. Der Aspekt der »selektiven Sichtbarkeit von Täter*innen« sollte bei präventiven Konzepten berücksichtigt werden.
Sildenafil for the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis: an experimental study
Authors: İpek Sevcan , Güneş Hatice , Yurttutan Sadık , Tolun Fatma , Kazancı Ülkü , Kuloğlu Tuncay , Gullu Ufuk , Güngör Şükrü
Published: May 2022

Objectives

This study was conducted to evaluate whether sildenafil effectively treats necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Methods

Thirty-eight rat pups were divided into 4 groups: control, sildenafil-control, NEC, and sildenafil-NEC (Sil-NEC). NEC was induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation and cold stress. The pups were treated by administering 1 mg/kg sildenafil by intraperitoneal injection once a day until the fourth postnatal day. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin/eosin staining and examined with the TUNEL test for apoptosis. The intestinal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity were quantified.

Results

TUNEL positivity (p=0.002) and intestinal damage grade (p<0.001) were found to be significantly lower in the Sil-NEC group. In addition, MDA, IL-1β, iNOS, caspase-3 levels, and GSH-px activity were also found to be significantly lower in the Sil-NEC group (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.011, p=0.026, p=0.002 respectively).

Conclusions

In this study, sildenafil has been shown to reduce intestinal damage and prevent the development of necrosis biochemically and histopathologically, with its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects, in the treatment of the experimental necrotizing enterocolitis model. This may suggest that sildenafil can be used to treat necrotizing enterocolitis, but further clinical studies are required.
Trouble Every Day
Authors: Burke Patrick
Published: May 2022

In November and December 1966, the young, predominantly white rock audience on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles battled police over curfew and loitering laws. Both the Strip’s protesters and their critics associated these “Sunset Strip riots” with the Watts uprising of 1965, when Black residents of South Los Angeles resisted police brutality and economic exploitation. White bohemians claimed solidarity with, or perhaps merely appropriated, the moral imperatives of Black protest, while Black critics argued that the mild oppression faced by white teenagers on the Strip was irrelevant to the serious, systemic abuses inflicted on Black communities such as Watts. Yet the Sunset Strip protests also led white activists to consider questions of privilege and authenticity and to make sincere attempts to support Black movements. Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention’s “Trouble Every Day” and “Plastic People,” songs that critically address Watts and the Sunset Strip, respectively, exemplify the complex interplay among political radicalism, racial identity, and musical creativity in the growing counterculture surrounding rock. In the Black Lives Matter era, when many white musicians and their audiences seek to be effective allies in Black struggles, the “Sunset Strip riots” can serve as both inspiration and cautionary tale.
Sailors, Book Hawkers, and Bricklayer’s Laborers
Authors: Schwab Christiane
Published: May 2022

Christiane Schwab, “Sailors, Book Hawkers, and Bricklayer’s Laborers: Social Types and the Production of Social Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Periodical Literature” (pp. 403–426)

This essay explores how the modern obsession with systems of human classification manifested and spread in an increasing market of periodical literature in nineteenth-century Europe. It examines the various epistemic and rhetorical techniques of social typification developed in “sociographic” sketch writing, focusing on examples from the multiauthored serials Heads of the People; or, Portraits of the English (1840–41) and Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1840–42). The essay claims that, by combining depictions of social types with political commentary, economic and sociohistorical considerations, and satirical allusions, the epistemic-narrative strategy of typecasting met the educational and entertainment needs of a growing reading public. It furthermore evaluates the works of investigative reporters such as Henry Mayhew and Angus Bethune Reach as interfaces between journalistic-literary and “scientific” ways of social study. The essay aims to stimulate an understanding of literary typecasting as a sort of “popular sociology” by interpreting the popularity of typecasting in the context of an increased interest in social structures on the verge of modernity, expressed in prose and arts as well as social thought.
Love the Live Oak
Authors: Bond William
Published: May 2022

William Bond, “Love the Live Oak: Sidney Lanier’s Ecopoetics and the Critique of Mediation” (pp. 427–454)

Sidney Lanier’s poetry has long been read as an exercise in the poetics of pure sound (and as either an escape from or an affront to a poetics of subjective lyric expression). As this essay shows, in an early phase of Lanier’s poetic career, his poetics of pure sound is tied to a late-Romantic form of nature poetry, which anticipates the new materialist ecotheory of the twenty-first century: specifically, in the 1872 essay “Nature-Metaphors,” Lanier lays out a model of nature poetry founded on the belief that poetic form can embody an ontological continuity between human and nonhuman being. This essay argues that Lanier’s ontological model of ecopoetics negates the need for mediation in the experience of nature. This is, at bottom, a fantasy of immediacy that demands the erasure of human-nonhuman difference. In the final section of the essay, Lanier’s last poem “Sunrise” is examined; there, we can see Lanier outlining an alternative ecopoetics that, rather than trying to circumvent poetic mediation, relocates it within experiences of rhythm.
Centrosome linker protein C‐Nap1 maintains stem cells in mouse testes
Authors: Dang Hairuo , Martin‐Villalba Ana , Schiebel Elmar
Published: May 2022

The centrosome linker component C‐Nap1 (encoded by CEP250) anchors filaments to centrioles that provide centrosome cohesion by connecting the two centrosomes of an interphase cell into a single microtubule organizing unit. The role of the centrosome linker during development of an animal remains enigmatic. Here, we show that male CEP250−/− mice are sterile because sperm production is abolished. Premature centrosome separation means that germ stem cells in CEP250−/− mice fail to establish an E‐cadherin polarity mark and are unable to maintain the older mother centrosome on the basal site of the seminiferous tubules. This failure prompts premature stem cell differentiation in expense of germ stem cell expansion. The concomitant induction of apoptosis triggers the complete depletion of germ stem cells and consequently infertility. Our study reveals a role for centrosome cohesion in asymmetric cell division, stem cell maintenance, and fertility.
Un médico en la fortaleza del Real Felipe
Authors: Castro Olivas Jorge Luis
Published: May 2022

El artículo pretende explicar las razones que llevaron al médico criollo José Pezet y Monel a ser encarcelado en la fortaleza del Real Felipe del Callao. Pezet era un intelectual de afinidades modernas y liberales que se identificó tempranamente con la causa insurgente. Su apoyo al presidente José de la Riva Agüero y una serie de eventos desafortunados precipitaron su muerte. Se revisa su testamento firmado en el Callao el 5 de agosto de 1825.
Zhuocai, Huang. Padre & Hijo: Las memorias de un chino en Cuba y la trayectoria de sus cartas familiares
Authors: Lei Chunyi
Published: May 2022

La presente obra, escrita por Zhuocai Huang ( 黄 卓才), es una versión española traducida del libro chino titulado Hóngyàn fēiyuè jiālèbǐ, gǔbā huáqiáo jiāshū jìshì 鸿雁飞越加勒比——古巴华侨 家书纪事 (2016, [versión revisada]). La versión española fue traducida por Tianci Zhang (张天慈) publicada por la editorial Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Se trata de literatura epistolar, consiste en una narración emotiva basándose en las 45 cartas familiares escritas por el padre del autor entre 1952 y 1975, enviadas desde Cuba. Según el autor, su padre les había escrito numerosas cartas a él y a su madre durante una decena de años antes de 1952, pero lamentablemente esas no han sido conservadas. En consecuencia, la carta más antigua tratada en esta obra fue 1952. Siguiendo el orden cronológico, el autor nos ha presentado la historia de una familia de chinos de ultramar durante varias generaciones. Los contenidos se presentan de forma interesante, vívida y concisa, fundados en datos históricos, completados por una serie de fotos e imágenes.
Autogestión e innovación social en tiempos de crisis
Authors: Baltazar Diaz Ana Claudia
Published: May 2022

A inicios del mes de marzo del año 2020, y ante la rápida expansión de la enfermedad del Covid-19, se evidenció una fuerte crisis sanitaria, económica y social, impactando fuertemente a los ciudadanos de todo el país. Es ante esta situación que nacen iniciativas por parte de colectivos y habitantes de zonas vulnerables, con el objetivo de resistir ante la pandemia de una forma colectiva. Una de las iniciativas que surgió en este contexto es el proyecto «El Tambo», ubicado en Villa María del Triunfo (Lima) y ejecutado por los pobladores del Asentamiento Humano «El Pedregal», Voluntarios del Colectivo Killari y Voluntarios del Colectivo Entre Arquitectos; el cual tiene como objetivo apoyar a familias del sector «El Pedregal» atendiendo, principalmente, sus necesidades alimenticias; y empoderarlos para que empiecen a gestionar sus recursos económicos mediante la implementación de una panadería comunal y un comedor solidario. El presente artículo se enfocó en analizar el proceso de autogestión comunitaria del proyecto «El Tambo-Killari», durante la crisis sanitaria del Covid-19.
Aproximación a la historia de las comunidades en Ayacucho
Authors: Pereyra Chávez Nelson Ernesto
Published: May 2022

El artículo analiza la historia de la comunidad campesina de Quinua, en Ayacucho. Busca identificar aquellos factores externos e internos que llevaron a un grupo de pobladores indígenas a formar un colectivo que fue reconocido por el Estado peruano. A partir de la interpretación o hermenéutica y de la historia retrospectiva, postula que la comunidad apareció en el siglo XVI como un repartimiento y una reducción, pero con características y posesiones distintas a las actuales, que cambiaron a medida que los indígenas reclamaban en los juicios la posesión de tierras realengas. Tras modificar su propiedad de la tierra y su estructura de poder y juntar sus tierras comunales con las tierras realengas, la comunidad logró su reconocimiento por el Estado.
Mitmas y etnogénesis colonial andina: hacia una interpretación de la diáspora cañaris (siglos xvi-xviii)
Authors: Solari Pita Mirko
Published: May 2022

El desplazamiento poblacional mitma fue una de las principales características de la política inca de control y manejo de las etnias incorporadas al Tahuantinsuyo. El presente documento busca comparar los caminos que asumen las identidades étnicas de los mitmas cañaris entre los siglos XVI y XVIII, para lo cual se propone un análisis de la zona de origen del grupo étnico (Cañar, en el Ecuador contemporáneo) y tres zonas de destino: Porcón y Chiara (Perú); y Copacabana (Bolivia). El contraste entre los casos citados, y una breve revisión de estudios acerca de otras zonas de destino mitma cañaris, ponen en evidencia mecanismos de resistencia, adaptación, estrategias colectivas, así como la permanente negociación de estatus étnicos adquiridos en la Colonia. La variabilidad de respuestas a la estructura política hispana confirma el dinamismo de las construcciones étnicas y muestra que la Colonización, particularmente hacia el siglo XVIII, constituye un periodo de etnogénesis en los Andes, la cual asumirá fundamentalmente un rostro quechua y, en menor medida, aymara. En dicho proceso, el rol jugado por los mitmas fue protagónico. En este documento, abordamos el caso específico de los cañaris y proponemos una profundización en los estudios etnohistóricos, a fin de obtener una visión integral en torno al papel de los mitmas en una etnogénesis colonial andina que moldea una parte significativa de la estructura demográfica y étnica de la región, y particularmente del naciente Perú republicano.
Las angosturas de Ancoyacpunku y Muynapunku y ubicación de las tres últimas huakas del primer ceque del Qollasuyu
Authors: Carreño-Collatupa Raúl
Published: May 2022

La ubicación de la huaka Guamansaui, perteneciente al primer ceque del Qollasuyu, era hasta ahora aún desconocida. Esto deriva del hecho de que fue buscada en el sitio denominado Angostura (Ancoyacpunku), en el límite de los distritos de San Jerónimo y Saylla, provincia del Cusco. Pero en el pasado hubo otro paraje llamado Angostura de Muyna, donde el escenario geomorfológico se ajusta mejor a la descripción cronística. Hay allí una roca-huaka que corresponde a la caracterización de Guamansaui hecha por el cronista Polo de Ondegardo. Esto no altera la asignación de las dos siguientes huakas (Guayra y Mayu), por cuanto esta segunda Angostura es una zona ventosa también atravesada por el río Huatanay. En consecuencia, las tres últimas huakas del primer ceque del Qollasuyu estuvieron ubicadas en esta segunda Angostura (Muynapunku). De otro lado, se evidencia que este tipo de pasajes estrechos o punkus (pongos) tuvo un especial significado ritual y simbólico en tiempos precolombinos.
Alexander von Humboldt, escritor y lector de viajes hispanos: ¿Eurocentrismo poscolonial o alteridad intertextual?
Authors: Del Pino-Díaz Fermín
Published: May 2022

A partir de un recorrido vital sobre el viaje de A. de Humboldt al Nuevo Mundo, se examina particularmente su labor como lector de crónicas de Indias, parte bien conexa de su labor editorial como viajero científico. Todo ello sirve para reflexionar sobre la deuda intertextual de las crónicas de viaje y, sobre todo, sobre la relación particularmente honesta y generosa de Humboldt con la república de las letras hispano-americana y con su civilización plural. Todo ello lleva al autor a cuestionar algunos paradigmas aceptados dentro del campo intelectual llamado postcolonialismo.
La quinina, la riqueza de la flora del Perú. La construcción de un imaginario nacional a partir de un elemento regional
Authors: Aldana Rivera Susana
Published: May 2022

Se toma a la quinina y su explotación para la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII a modo de ejemplo de cómo se construyen y se reconstruyen las representaciones y los imaginarios nacionales en un momento dado. Para la época mencionada, la quinina se convirtió en un producto bandera del norte del virreinato del Perú y se constituyó en un elemento presente y definidor del escudo nacional peruano. En el medio, están los cambios de sistema que históricamente se decantan con la independencia y que supone la construcción de un nuevo tipo de relaciones humanas (modernidad) que conllevan la república, la nación y el estado nación. La base para la reflexión es perfilar la demanda en la vuelta del siglo XVIII- XIX de lo que luego se conocería como materia prima (siglo XX) y las formas de inserción de los agentes sociales en un consenso internacional europeo a partir de un mercado que le permita participar del sistema liberal capitalista en construcción. Para 1800, en la localidad, la región, la nación, Sudamérica y finalmente, el espacio internacional ya se insinúan situaciones de realización económica en términos de la construcción de un mercado internaciones que se visibilizan a lo largo del tiempo hasta llegar al apogeo global contemporáneo.
Historia y patrimonio monumental. El Castillo Forga de Mollendo
Authors: Cabanillas Delgadillo Virgilio Freddy
Published: May 2022

Este artículo está dedicado a un monumento símbolo de la ciudad de Mollendo, el castillo de José Miguel Forga. El edificio es Patrimonio de la Nación y se encuentra bastante deteriorado por el tiempo, la incuria y el vandalismo. Es un tema de actualidad para la problemática patrimonial, debido a que los mollendinos se han propuesto restaurarlo y ponerlo en valor. Para contextualizar el monumento recurrimos a diversas fuentes que permiten reconstruir la historia de Mollendo, además del reconocimiento in situ de la ciudad, el Castillo Forga y los edificios relacionados.
Rastros familiares José María Eguren, orígenes y trayectoria de la familia Eguren en el Perú
Authors: Reyes Tarazona Roberto
Published: May 2022

A menudo, la trayectoria vital de un gran creador está sembrada de malentendidos, cuando no de obstáculos, que inesperadamente empiezan en el seno familiar, lo cual redunda en distanciamientos cuando no en rupturas. Un caso célebre es el de Martín Adán (seudónimo de Rafael La Fuente Benavides), quien se desarraigó no solo de su familia sino de la clase a la cual pertenecía por sus orígenes e, incluso, podría decirse de la sociedad en su conjunto.
Análisis bibliométrico de las tesis de parásitos en fauna terrestre en las universidades del Perú
Authors: García-Alcalde Malory , Minaya David , Ortega José , Alvariño Lorena , Iannacone José
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer la producción científica mediante el análisis bibliométrico de las tesis de pre- y posgrado relacionadas a parásitos de fauna terrestre en las universidades del Perú. La investigación fue de tipo observacional, retrospectiva, documental y descriptiva. Se realizaron búsquedas bibliográficas en los repositorios virtuales de las universidades del Perú entre el año 2000 al 2021 y se revisaron 403 tesis relacionadas a parasitología de fauna terrestre en 32 universidades del Perú. Existió una mayor productividad en el nivel de pregrado (94.0%) y la universidad con mayor número de tesis fue la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) (n=112). Todas las investigaciones fueron básicas o puras, y el año de mayor sustentación de este tipo de tesis fue 2018. Las muestras utilizadas provinieron preferentemente de las provincias (84.4%) y en la especialidad de Medicina Veterinaria (n=346), siendo el modelo animal más utilizado los que pertenecen a la clase Mammalia (n=370), especialmente en animales de producción (n=253). En cuanto al seguimiento de las tesis, solo el 20.4% del total de tesis se publicó como artículo científico, mayormente en la Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú (86.6%) en 2014. Es importante que todos los trabajos de tesis de pre- y posgrado relacionadas a parásitos de fauna terrestre culminen en una publicación en una revista científica arbitrada e indexada.