bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perforated duodenal ulcer in the third trimester of pregnancy, with survival of both the mother and neonate, in Ethiopia: a case report
Authors: Jidha Tafese Dejene , Umer Keno Mohammed , Beressa Girma , Tolossa Tadesse
Published: August 2022

Background

Perforated peptic ulcer disease is a serious complication of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) that presents as acute abdomen. It is very uncommon during pregnancy, but its diagnosis in pregnancy is very challenging in general, and more so in the third trimester. Timely diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention can prevent maternal and fetal mortality, but delayed diagnosis is linked with poor maternal and fetal outcomes. The aim of this case report is to emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to consider the differential diagnosis of perforated PUD when presented with cases of acute abdomen in pregnancy and to involve a multidisciplinary team in management for better feto-maternal outcome.

Case presentation

A 35-year-old pregnant Ethiopian woman, Gravida 7 and Para 6, presented with a sudden onset of right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting of 7 hours duration at 36 weeks of gestation. She also had contractions and leakage of liquor of two hours duration. Her abdomen was grossly distended, rigid, and diffusely tender, and showed limited movement with respiration. An upright abdominal X-ray demonstrated air under the diaphragm. She was diagnosed with perforated peptic ulcer disease. Labor was augmented, and a 2.9-kg live male neonate was delivered vaginally. Two hours after delivery, laparoscopic omental patch repair was performed. The patient was discharged 7 days after the omental patch repair surgery in stable condition.

Conclusions

Perforated PUD in pregnancy is a rare occurrence, which may account for the delay in diagnosis and management. Obstetricians should keep a high index of suspicion when a pregnant woman presents with acute abdomen. Care provided by obstetricians should be coupled with care provided by other disciplinary teams, in order to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
A scoping review of local quality improvement using data from UK perioperative National Clinical Audits
Authors: Wagstaff Duncan , Warnakulasuriya Samantha , Singleton Georgina , Moonesinghe Suneetha Ramani , Fulop Naomi , Vindrola-Padros Cecilia
Published: August 2022

Background

Significant resources are invested in the UK to collect data for National Clinical Audits (NCAs), but it is unclear whether and how they facilitate local quality improvement (QI). The perioperative setting is a unique context for QI due to its multidisciplinary nature and history of measurement. It is unclear which NCAs evaluate perioperative care, to what extent their data have been used for QI, and which factors influence this usage.

Methods

NCAs were identified from the directories held by Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP), Scottish Healthcare Audits and the Welsh National Clinical Audit and Outcome Review Advisory Committee. QI reports were identified by the following: systematically searching MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and HMIC up to December 2019, hand-searching grey literature and consulting relevant stakeholders. We charted features describing both the NCAs and the QI reports and summarised quantitative data using descriptive statistics and qualitative themes using framework analysis.

Results

We identified 36 perioperative NCAs in the UK and 209 reports of local QI which used data from 19 (73%) of these NCAs. Six (17%) NCAs contributed 185 (89%) of these reports. Only one NCA had a registry of local QI projects. The QI reports were mostly brief, unstructured, often published by NCAs themselves and likely subject to significant reporting bias. Factors reported to influence local QI included the following: perceived data validity, measurement of clinical processes as well as outcomes, timely feedback, financial incentives, sharing of best practice, local improvement capabilities and time constraints of clinicians.

Conclusions

There is limitedpublic reportingof UK perioperative NCA data for local QI, despite evidence of improvement of most NCA metrics at the national level. It is therefore unclearhowthese improvements are being made, and it is likely that opportunities are being missed to share learning between local sites. We make recommendations for how NCAs could better support the conduct, evaluation and reporting of local QI and suggest topics which future research should investigate.

Trial registration

The review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO:CRD42018092993).
Coronal and sagittal spinopelvic alignment in the patients with unilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip: a prospective study
Authors: Zhang Guangyang , Li Mufan , Qian Hang , Wang Xu , Dang Xiaoqian , Liu Ruiyu
Published: August 2022

Background

How the hip dysplasia affects the spinopelvic alignment in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) patients is unclear, but it is an essential part for the management of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the coronal and sagittal spinopelvic alignment and the correlations between the spinopelvic parameters and the extent of hip dysplasia or the low back pain in unilateral DDH patients.

Methods

From September 2016 to March 2021, 22 unilateral patients were enrolled in the DDH group with an average age of 43.6 years and 20 recruited healthy volunteers were assigned to the control group with an average age of 41.4 years. The Cobb angle, seventh cervical vertebra plumbline–central sacral vertical line (C7PL–CSVL), third lumbar vertebra inclination angle (L3IA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK) and lumbar lordosis (LL) were measured on the standing anteroposterior and lateral full-length standing spine radiographs. Additionally, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were used to assess the degree of low back pain.

Results

Cobb angle (8.68 ± 6.21° vs. 2.31 ± 0.12°), L3IA (4.80 ± 5.47° vs. 0.83 ± 0.51°), C7PL–CSVL (1.65 ± 1.57 cm vs. 0.48 ± 0.33 cm), PT (15.02 ± 9.55° vs. 9.99 ± 2.97°) and TLK (7.69 ± 6.66° vs. 3.54 ± 1.63°) were significantly larger in DDH patients, whereas LL (37.41 ± 17.17° vs. 48.79 ± 7.75°) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05). No correlation was found between significantly different spinopelvic parameters and the extent of dysplasia. Statistical analysis revealed correlations between ODI and Cobb angle (r = 0.59,P < 0.01), PT (r = 0.49,P = 0.02), TK (r =  −0.46, P = 0.03) and TLK (r = 0.44,P = 0.04). Correlations between JOABPQE score and the Cobb angle (r = −0.44,P = 0.04), L3IA (r = −0.53,P = 0.01), PT (r = −0.44,P = 0.04), and TK (r = 0.46,P = 0.03) were also observed.

Conclusions

Cobb angle, L3IA, C7PL–CSVL in coronal plane and PT, TLK in sagittal plane increased, while LL decreased in unilateral DDH patients. These significantly different spinopelvic parameters have no correlation with the extent of dysplasia. Changes in coronal and sagittal plane including Cobb angle, L3IA, PT, TK and TLK were associated with the low back pain in the patients with unilateral DDH.
The genomic analysis brings a new piece to the molecular jigsaw of idiopathic erythrocytosis
Authors: Zagaria Antonella , Tarantini Francesco , Orsini Paola , Anelli Luisa , Cumbo Cosimo , Coccaro Nicoletta , Tota Giuseppina , Minervini Crescenzio Francesco , Parciante Elisa , Conserva Maria Rosa , Redavid Immacolata , Ricco Alessandra , Attolico Immacolata , Specchia Giorgina , Musto Pellegrino , Albano Francesco
Published: August 2022

Erythrocytosis is a clinical condition characterized by increased red cell mass, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values. A significant fraction of patients is described as having idiopathic erythrocytosis. We have previously demonstrated an association between erythrocytosis and the JAK2 GGCC_46/1 haplotype and CALR rs1049481_G allele. In the present study, we investigated genomic and clinical features of 80 erythrocytosis patients with the aim to provide useful information in clinical practice. Patients with idiopathic erythrocytosis could have a genomic germline background, eventually associated with somatic variants. Through association analysis, we show that male patients presenting with idiopathic erythrocytosis, and normal EPO levels could be the best candidates for the search for the JAK2 GGCC_46/1 haplotype and CALR rs1049481_G allele. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to depict detailed genomic and phenotypical characteristics of these patients.
Extensive diversity and rapid turnover of phage defense repertoires in cheese-associated bacterial communities
Authors: Somerville Vincent , Schowing Thibault , Chabas Hélène , Schmidt Remo S. , von Ah Ueli , Bruggmann Rémy , Engel Philipp
Published: August 2022

Background

Phages are key drivers of genomic diversity in bacterial populations as they impose strong selective pressure on the evolution of bacterial defense mechanisms across closely related strains. The pan-immunity model suggests that such diversity is maintained because the effective immune system of a bacterial species is the one distributed across all strains present in the community. However, only few studies have analyzed the distribution of bacterial defense systems at the community-level, mostly focusing on CRISPR and comparing samples from complex environments. Here, we studied 2778 bacterial genomes and 188 metagenomes from cheese-associated communities, which are dominated by a few bacterial taxa and occur in relatively stable environments.

Results

We corroborate previous laboratory findings that in cheese-associated communities nearly identical strains contain diverse and highly variable arsenals of innate and adaptive (i.e., CRISPR-Cas) immunity systems suggesting rapid turnover. CRISPR spacer abundance correlated with the abundance of matching target sequences across the metagenomes providing evidence that the identified defense repertoires are functional and under selection. While these characteristics align with the pan-immunity model, the detected CRISPR spacers only covered a subset of the phages previously identified in cheese, providing evidence that CRISPR does not enable complete immunity against all phages, and that the innate immune mechanisms may have complementary roles.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the evolution of bacterial defense mechanisms is a highly dynamic process and highlight that experimentally tractable, low complexity communities such as those found in cheese, can help to understand ecological and molecular processes underlying phage-defense system relationships. These findings can have implications for the design of robust synthetic communities used in biotechnology and the food industry.
Raltitrexed regulates proliferation and apoptosis of HGC-27 cells by upregulating RSK4
Authors: Hu Cong , Chen Xinhua , Lin Xu , Dai Jun , Yu Jiang
Published: August 2022

Background

Raltitrexed is a specific inhibitor of thymidylate synthase and a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. In this study, we investigated the effect of raltitrexed on the proliferation of HGC-27 human gastric cancer cells and its potential underlying molecular mechanism(s).

Methods

RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to quantify RSK4 levels. Colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to assess HGC-27 cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis. The expression of cell cycle and apoptosis markers were determined by western blotting.

Results

Our results demonstrate that raltitrexed upregulated RSK4 mRNA and protein levels in HGC-27 cells. Moreover, raltitrexed significantly inhibited tumor cell colony formation, arrested the cell cycle, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced apoptosis. We observed that raltitrexed was capable of upregulating the expression of Bax, cyclin A1, and CDK3, and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Importantly, siRNA-mediated RSK4 knockdown significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of raltitrexed on cell proliferation and its promotion of cell apoptosis. Moreover, silencing of RSK4 inhibited the raltitrexed-induced upregulation of cytochrome C. In addition, the changes in molecular markers related to the cell cycle and apoptosis induced by raltitrexed were reduced upon RSK4 depletion.

Conclusion

Our study shows that RSK4 is a key target of raltitrexed in the regulation of gastric cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis.
Long noncoding RNA HOXC-AS3 interacts with CDK2 to promote proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Su Chen , Wang Weijian , Mo Jie , Liu Furong , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Yachong , Chen Xiaoping , Liao Zhibin , Zhang Bixiang , Zhu Peng
Published: August 2022

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer that affects the liver and has a high mortality rate. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) dysregulation can contribute to cancer occurrence and progression, although the underlying molecular pathways are mostly unclear. HOXC-AS3 was found to be considerably overexpressed in HCC in this investigation. The goal of this work was to look into the involvement of HOXC-AS3 in HCC and the various molecular pathways that underpin it.

Methods

Normal liver and paired HCC tissues from HCC patients were used to evaluate HOXC-AS3 expression by qRT-PCR. The role of HOXC-AS3 in HCC was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RNA pulldown, RIP and co-IP were used to demonstrate the potential mechanism by which HOXC-AS3 regulates the progression of HCC.

Results

Using qRT-PCR, it was discovered that HOXC-AS3 was substantially expressed in HCC. In vitro and in vivo, overexpression of HOXC-AS3 aided proliferation and cell cycle progression. HOXC-AS3 interacted with CDK2 to facilitate CDK2’s decreased binding to p21, resulting in enhanced CDK2 activity, which promoted the phosphorylation of Rb and the progression of HCC.

Conclusions

HOXC-AS3 is highly expressed in HCC and can promote the progression of HCC by interacting with CDK2. Therefore, targeting HOXC-AS3 is very likely to provide a new strategy for the treatment of HCC and for improving patient prognosis.
Endophytic fungi from South Sumatra (Indonesia) in seed-treated corn seedlings Affecting development of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Sari Jelly Milinia Puspita , Herlinda Siti , Suwandi Suwandi
Published: August 2022

Background

Topical application of the entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) against Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae is less effective due to larvae hiding in the corn midribs in the field. To control the larvae, the fungi colonize in plant tissues or endophytic fungi are needed. There is no information on the pathogenicity of the endophytic fungi from Indonesia on the development of S. frugiperda. The endophytic fungi isolated from infected-host cadavers from South Sumatra (Indonesia) were identified morphologically and molecularly, and the effect of seed-treated corn seedlings with the fungi on S. frugiperda development was evaluated. The fungal identification was based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Bioassay of the endophytic fungal species in seed-treated young maize was performed against the neonate larvae (hatching within 24 h.) of first instar, and their development was observed.

Results

The results of molecular identification showed that the fungal species were Beauveria bassiana of five fungal isolates (WTTJC290521B, WTTJC290521A, JGTP240521A, JGNT300521, and WTTJC260521A) and Metarhizium anisopliae of an isolate (WTTJC260521B). The life span of S. frugiperda fed on leaves of fungal-colonized maize was significantly longer than those fed on leaves of non-colonized maize. The fungal-colonized young maize significantly increased mortality rate of all larval instars than non-colonized one. The last instar larvae mortality treated with B. bassiana (JGTP240521A isolates) (51.33%) was the highest among other treatments and did not significantly differ from each of B. bassiana of WTTJC260521A and WTTJC290521A isolates 45.33% and 44.67%, respectively. Feeding on leaves of fungal-colonized maize significantly decreased the percentage of the last instar larvae development to the pupal stage, the adult emergence, the eggs laid, and the percentage of hatched eggs. This is the first report that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae from South Sumatra (Indonesia) in seed-treated corn seedlings had negative effects on development of S. frugiperda.

Conclusions

Finally, these results highlight the potential of endophytic EPFs to protect corn plants against S. frugiperda.
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy complications: avoidance and management in a stepwise manner
Authors: Farag Ahmed A. , Asiri Faisal A. , Khoudir Mohamed A. , Ismaeel Mofareh , Hamouda Waeel , Alaghory Islam M. , Moshref Rana H.
Published: August 2022

Background

Various complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) have been described. One has to recognize these complications and learn how to avoid them.

Methods

We performed a literature review regarding the reported complications of ETV procedures discussed in a correlated manner with the surgical steps. Furthermore, we reviewed the technical notes described by experienced neuroendoscopists, including surgical indications, choice of the endoscopic entry point and trajectory, anatomic orientation, proper bleeding control and tight closure, to prevent and deal with such complications.

Results and conclusion

A lesson learned that comprehensive knowledge of ventricular anatomy with proper orientation by studying the preoperative images is mandatory and one should be aware of all complication types and rates.
Telomere attrition and inflammation: the chicken and the egg story
Authors: Niveta J. P. Shirley , Kumar M. Anup , Parvathi Venkatachalam Deepa
Published: August 2022

The challenge to improve human life span has progressed with the advent of health care services and technologies. This improvement poses a new challenge of an associated wave of diseases and pathologies that have not been observed or experienced. This has led to rise in geriatric population who are currently facing health challenges that needs to be addressed by the research community. This review focuses primarily on two mechanisms that have contributed to aging and associated pathologies: telomere attrition and inflammatory insults. A strong interplay appears to exist between telomere attrition and inflammation, and this could be the basis of many pathologies associated with increasing age. This creates a scientific dilemma as to what comes first: telomere attrition or inflammation. This review will enthuse the reader to the underlying molecules and mechanisms associated with telomere attrition and inflammation and their contribution to aging.
A Transfer Representation Learning Approach for Breast Cancer Diagnosis from Mammograms using EfficientNet Models
Authors: Oza Parita Rajiv , Sharma Paawan , Patel Samir
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer is a deadly disease that affects the lives of millions of women throughout the world. Over time, the number of cases of breast cancer has increased. Preventing this disease is difficult and remains unidentified, but the survival percentage can be improved if diagnosed early. The progress of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer has seen a lot of improvements thanks to advances in deep learning. With the notable advancement of deep neural networks, diagnostic capabilities are nearing a human expert's. In this paper, we used EfficientNet to classify mammograms. This model is introduced with the new concept of model scaling called compound scaling. Compound scaling is the strategy which scales the model by adding more layers to extend the receptive field along with more channels to catch the detailed features of larger input. We also compare the performance of various variants of EfficientNet over CBIS-DDSM mammogram datasets. We used the optimum fine-tuning procedure to represent the importance of transfer learning (TL) during training.
Physiotherapy for respiratory diseases
Authors: Gałuszka Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

The respiratory system is crucial to human life. Its performance determines the quality of life. Physical training helps patients suffering from various diseases of this system to build up physical fitness, improve breathing mechanics and reduce clumsy secretion in the bronchial tree. The right choice of techniques for working with such a patient is important. They use fitness training, strength training, breathing exercises, bronchial tree cleansing. Always consider possible contraindications
Male breast cancer - a review on risk factors, tumor characteristics, diagnostics and treatment
Authors: Zielińska Martyna , Aleksandrowicz Jakub , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Kuchnicka Julia , Kosz Katarzyna , Kuchnicka Aleksandra , Sapuła Klaudia , Remjasz Klaudia , Siedlecki Wojciech , Fabiś Mateusz
Published: August 2022

Introduction and purpose:

Male breast cancer (MBC) is estimated to less than 1% of all breast cancer cases worldwide. A lifetime risk of developing MBC amounts to 1:1000. The data on breast cancer in men is limited. This review aims to analyze information on risk factors, diagnostics and treatment in men suffering from breast cancer. 

Material and method:

This review was based on available data collected in PubMed and published in the years 2001-2022. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows: “breast cancer”, “male breast cancer”, “risk factors” and “treatment”.

Results:

Male breast cancer usually manifests as a painless, retroareolar mass in the breast. Risk factors include advanced age, hormonal imbalance, exposure to radiation and a positive family history. A significant risk increase in MBC development occurs in BRCA2, CHEK2, PALB2 and ATM genes mutations. G2 ductal carcinoma with no special type is most often diagnosed. Dominating subtype is luminal A cancer, while HER2 protein overexpression is extremely rare. Radical mastectomy or breast conserving therapy remain surgical therapeutic options. The most preferred endocrine therapy is tamoxifen. The choice of chemotherapy in men is based on the same criteria as in women. 

Conclusions:

Delayed diagnosis and tumor characteristics are associated with a much worse prognosis for men compared to women. Therefore, further clinical research is crucial in order to improve the diagnostic possibilities and treatment targeted at men with this type of cancer.
Monkeypox in humans – the review
Authors: Warchoł Konrad , Jasiura Adam , Giżewska Kamila , Wójcik Aleksandra , Niedobylski Sylwiusz
Published: August 2022

Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus with a presentation similar to smallpox. Being previously endemic to Africa, now the disease is spreading across the world, causing fear of a potential next pandemic. Smallpox vaccine, previously providing cross-immunity to monkeypox virus, due to cessation of vaccinations, caused the decline in immunity against these viruses. Defined ways of transmission are animal-to-human through consumption or attack by an affected animal, human-to-human through close contact, or via respiratory droplets. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs and vaccine specific to monkeypox, and for symptomatic care, there are no determined guidelines.
The Development of Digital Books Aided Augmented Reality (AR) to Improve Self Efficacy in Favor of Distance Learning
Authors: Crew Medan , Siregar Tiur Malasari , Ritonga Arnah , Darma Jufri , Dongoran Faisal Rahman
Published: August 2022

This study aims to create a Digital Book mathematical economics to improve the self-efficacy of students, where Media Powtoon, Augmented Reality (AR) and application Kahoot  already present in the design of digital books. To see the feasibility of the book, the attractiveness of the book and the effectiveness of using AR-assisted Economic Mathematics Books to increase student self-efficacy. The research method used in this research is the development of the ADDIE model which has five stages of research implementation, namely Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. Through these five stages, researchers will develop an AR-assisted Mathematics Economics book. In this book, several applications will collaborate in providing the presentation of the material in the form of learning videos using the application Powtoon, displaying animations with Augmented Reality (AR) and evaluating learning outcomes using the application Kahoot, so that this book can help the distance lecture process become more interesting. and effective both in presenting the material, the media used to evaluate learning in lectures. The results of this study show that the Digital Book was developed to conclude that it is feasible, interesting and effective to be used as a distance learning medium and helps students in increasing self-efficacy in learning.
Development of Anatomy Web-Based Assessment based Augmented Reality (AR)
Authors: Crew Medan , Hasibuan Sanusi , Azmin Chairul , Nasution Muhammad Faisal Ansari , Chairad Muhammad
Published: August 2022

The main objectives of this study are to describe the development design of the Augmented Reality (AR) based Anatomy web-based assessment, to describe the implementation of the Augmented Reality (AR) based Anatomy web-based assessment development, and to describe the teacher's response to the use of Augmented Reality (AR) based Anatomy web-based assessment. The research was conducted at the State University of Medan. This web-based assessment development design is based on the Borg & Gall research and development (R&D) stage pattern as adopted by Sugiyono. As for the product design model, this web-based assessment follows the ASSURE model. The results of this study indicate that the product developed, namely web-based assessment, has gone through design and testing and revision, so the product is declared suitable for use. Students also gave a good response, namely 92% of the use of the web as an assessment tool equipped with Augmented Reality (AR)-based animation.
‘Better together: collaborative working between emergency medicine and critical care’: 1 year on, is this framework still relevant?
Authors: Keating Liza , Creamer Ruth , Huff Richard , Moulton Chris
Published: August 2022

In 2021 the Royal College of Emergency Medicine and the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine collaborated to launch the ‘Better together’ framework to improve outcomes for critically unwell patients in the resuscitation room. One year on from the launch, it remains more relevant than ever.
Extraction, purification, and quantification of hesperidin from the immature Citrus grandis/maxima fruit Nepal cultivar
Authors: MANIKYAM HEMANTH KUMAR , TRIPATHI PRATHIBHA , PATIL SANDEEP BALVANT , LAMICHHANE JANARDAN , CHAITANYA MVNL , PATIL ABHINANDAN RAVSAHEB
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Manikyam HK, Tripathi P, Patil SB, Lamichhane J, Chaitanya MVNL, Patil AR. 2022. Extraction, purification, and quantification of hesperidin from the immature Citrus grandis/maxima fruit Nepal cultivar. Asian J Nat Prod Biochem 20: 21-26. Hesperidin, a flavanone group of flavonoids and a 7-O-rutinoside of hesperitin is abundantly present in citrus fruits. Pomelo or Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck/ C. maxima (Burm.) Merr. is grown and cultivated in Nepal as seasonal edible fruit. Pomelo has flavanone and other chemical constituents. Flavanones like naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, and naringenin are present in the fruits of C. grandis. Many extraction techniques have been reported in the extraction and purification of hesperidin citrus fruits like sweet lemons, grapefruits, mandarins, etc. However, little information has been provided on hesperidin content in Pomelo fruits. In order to estimate the quantity of hesperidin in the Pomelo fruits of Nepal, we have first time made study. The immature Pomelo fruits of size 2-7 cm were collected from the cultivation field and dried completely. The pulverized fruit powder with moisture content less than 15% was subjected to 5% methanolic acetic extraction and Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent extraction in Soxhlet apparatus by refluxing at 90°C in 1:15 ration in three subsequent extractions of each 1 hour. The concentrates were crystalized at freezing temperatures in methanol and further purified by repeating the crystallization process. The white amorphous powder was subjected to RP-HPLC analysis method, chromatographic conditions 285 nm wavelength, C18 column 4.6 mm x 15 cm x 5 µm, flow rate 1.2 mL/minute with injection volume 10 µL run time of 30 minutes, column temperature 40°C. Hesperidin yields were 0.12 g/100 g with acetic acid methanol with a purity of 87% and 0.17 g/100 g in DMF extraction with a purity of 90% with recoveries of 87% in acetic acid methanol extraction and 90% in DMF extraction when compared with standard 93%. Further extraction does not yield any hesperidin content indicating a total of 0.15-0.17 g/100 g of hesperidin content in the whole immature fruit of C. grandis/maxima. Thus we found DMF and 5% methanolic acetic solvents as preferable solvents to extract hesperidin.
Introduction to these Reflections on Maina wa Kinyatti's
Kenya: A Prison Notebook
Authors: Mathenge Brian
Published: August 2022

Every society and generations within it are inspired and influenced by similar, yet very distinctive characteristics. They relate within a particular context of struggle. In every generation, there are primary and secondary tasks to be accomplished. Frantz Fanon has consistently reminded us, that: “Each generation must, out of relative obscurity, discover its mission, fulfill it, or betray it” – words that we have held precious within the frameworks of our liberation struggles. They keep reminding us of the revolutionary tasks that history has accorded our generation.
Prisons Do Not Disappear Problems, They Disappear Human Beings
Authors: Mwangi Nicholas
Published: August 2022

Nicholas Mwangi explores how our generation has been forcefully torn apart from the true history of our land by hegemonies around knowledge and learning. He reminds us that though the neoliberal education system continues to depoliticise young people, we must dare to dream of a better society, educate ourselves politically, and organise towards a system that takes care of the majority and not a few in society, as Maina wa Kinyatti did.
Education for Self-Effacement - A Student's View
Authors: Kimari Wangui
Published: August 2022

Considering the ultimate limitations of instructing Kenya’s children in ‘civilised’ acts like eating a banana with a knife and fork at the expense of an education true to the nation’s history, Wangui Kimari wonders whether the current educational system simply upholds students’ self-effacement. When my sister was in primary school (the school where we all were had a supposedly pious nature that was the talk of town), like all of the students within this institution she had to take a mandatory ‘ethics’ class. The title of this class appeared to us ambivalent, big and intimidating, but from what we could garner, ‘ethics’ were simply tacit rules that we needed to embody in order to live (or pretend to live) in religious harmony with each other.
The Struggle for Social Justice is Not a Walk in the Park
Authors: Njoki Esther Waigumo
Published: August 2022

Drawing strength from Maina wa Kinyatti, Esther Waigumo Njoki shares her reflections on how we work and organise with others for a common cause. She emphasises the importance of defining the oppressors and the oppressed, of identifying our comrades and enemies, of educating cadres and cultivating their integrity, loyalty and commitment to the cause.
The Computer’s Voice: From Star Trek to Siri, Liz W. Faber (2020)
Authors: Bentivegna Francesco
Published: August 2022

Review of: The Computer’s Voice: From Star Trek to Siri, Liz W. Faber (2020)

Minneapolis, MI: University of Minnesota Press, 256 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-51790-976-5, p/bk, $27.00
Pelaksanaan Rencana Pulang H-1 pada Pasien Rawat Inap di RSUP Dr Kariadi Semarang
Authors: Wiryawan Wahyu , Suryawati Chriswardani , Pramukarso Dodik Tugasworo
Published: August 2022

Discharge planning is an important and crucial process in patient’s service transition. Well planned discharge planning will increase patient’s flow. At Dr Kariadi Central General Hospital, according to the evaluation of the patient's discharge in September 2021, it was found that only 13% of patients had planned discharges. A qualitative study was conducted from January to March 2022. This study aims to know the implementation of the day before discharge program at Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital. The subject was patient from 1st and 2nd class inpatient installation and 3rd class inpatient unit - stroke unit of Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital Semarang. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with all elements involved in planning the day before discharge, observation, and document review. Based on the result of our study, implementation of one day before discharge plan at Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital Semarang has been unconsistantly increased (to 77,73% on February 2022, 76,45% on march 2022, and 77,69% on April 2022), even though it has not achieved the expected goal yet (more or equal to 80%), several factors influenced the implementation of patient discharge process, such as regulations, doctors and assistants (regarding doctor’s visite schedule), patient and family, and communication between doctor, nurse, other medical staff, and patient. Our study concluded that one day before discharge plan at Dr. Kariadi Central General Hospital Semarang  can be improved.
Anti-bacterial potential of (Acacia nilotica, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Punica granatum and Commiphora myrrha) crude extracts against diverse drug sensitive and resistant bacterial species
Authors: Osman Meaad  Fakhraldeen Abdalla , Abdalla Sababil Salih , Abdelghani Sara , Mangi Altaf Ali , Bashier Eltayeb Lienda
Published: August 2022

The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics caused some authors to state that we are approaching a post-antibiotic era and medical catastrophe, the study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of selected plant extracts against several sensitive and resistant bacterial isolates. Experimental cross-sectional study was conducted, 70% ethanol crude Acaccia nilotica, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Punica granatum and Commiphora myrrha extract was prepared and several commercial antimicrobials agent tested, the antibacterial activity was investigated using the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones' diameters (mm) were calculated and interpreted by Zone Diameter Interpretative Standards. Data were analyzed by using (SPSS) software version 22. About 200% of A. nilotica and T. foenum-graecum showed bactericidal effects against Enterococcus faecalis, means ±SD (12.3 ± 2.8 and 12.5 ± 2.1). The activity of 200% C. myrrha extract was highest against all diverse bacterial. Despite a relatively high inhibition zone among all plant ethanol extracts, the findings demonstrate that there is no statistical significance in the inhibitory activity impact of varying concentrations of 70% ethanol extracts of all plants extract against bacterial isolates (P. value ? 0.05). The outcomes of the ethanol extracts of the used plant under study demonstrated that the herbal extract can be a superior antimicrobial potential than the result of the commercial broad spectrum antimicrobial agent utilized. C. myrrha extract was potent antimicrobial activity against all diverse bacterial species.
Hot slag modification with mechanical stirring: heat transfer characteristics in a slag pot
Authors: Zhang Chunming , Wang Nan , Chen Min
Published: August 2022

Hot slag modification during its discharging process is considered to be a key technology to improve the recycling rate of metallurgical slag, and hot slag is converted into new value-added materials. In order to prevent the solidification of hot slag surface during modification and facilitate the modifier addition, a slag pot with mechanical stirring was applied and the heat transfer characteristics of hot slag were studied by numerical simulation. By comparison, the heat transfer behavior in a non-agitated slag pot was also studied by considering the natural convection. In addition, to reduce the heat loss of hot slag, a pot cover was installed on the agitated slag pot and its heat transfer characteristics were studied. The results show that the turbulent kinetic energy of hot slag surface can be significantly increased by mechanical stirring. After 20 min, the surface temperature of hot slag in the agitated slag pot is higher than that of the non-agitated slag pot, about 1650 K. After installing a pot cover, the surface temperature of hot slag in the agitated slag pot can be increased by about 17 K after 5 min holding time, and the average surface heat flux on the top surface of slag pot can be reduced by almost 1.75 × 105 W/m2.
Trigeminal neuralgia in patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors: should we always blame the tumor? A case report and review of literature
Authors: Thirumalai Vasu Srivatsan , Retnathankom Ayyadurai
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This report seeks to highlight a pitfall that may be encountered in the management of patients with trigeminal neuralgia with imaging showing both neurovascular conflict as well as tumors.

Case presentation

A case of a 53 year old male with simultaneous neurovascular conflict and a vestibular schwannoma with trigeminal neuralgia is presented and the management is discussed with reference to managing this particular subset. Pain was noted to be likely generated by neurovascular conflict and not by the tumor, which is usually not the case.

Conclusions

It is suggested that in such cases, microvascular decompression should always be performed in addition to removal of the tumor.
High-pressure synthesis of borate-nitrates: crystal structure of M
3B7O13(NO3) (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+)
Authors: Pasqualini Leonard C. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: August 2022

The orthorhombic nitrate-boracites with the sum formula M
3B7O13NO3 (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) were synthesized in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 6 GPa and 800 °C, respectively. The crystal structures of the five isotypic substances, which crystallize in the space group Pca21, were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and the structural features of the incorporated nitrate anions are discussed.
Model Mitigasi Bencana Berbasis Multisensoris Untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Di SD Inklusi Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Komalasari Mahilda Dea , Pamungkas Bayu
Published: August 2022

The potential for earthquakes, floods, tornadoes in the city of Yogyakarta needs to be addressed with training and simulations for disaster mitigation efforts, especially for elementary school-aged children who are a group vulnerable to disasters and among them there are the most vulnerable groups, namely children with special needs ( crew). Children with special needs have the same rights as other children to know about how to protect and save themselves when a disaster occurs. Some of them have mobility barriers to carry out protection and even self-rescue independently. So it is necessary to have information on how the procedures/plans for rescue crews from disasters are needed. The training and simulations in this service activity aim to: (1) equip students and teachers with knowledge about the potential for earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes related to the condition of the area in the service area; (2) equip students and teachers with knowledge and attitudes in dealing with disasters; (3) equip students and teachers with knowledge about the importance of preserving the environment to prevent disasters; (4) providing alternative efforts to mitigate earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes based on multisensory disasters; and (5) train teachers to provide disaster mitigation assistance to students, especially children with special needs (ABK).

This community partnership program is carried out by means of lectures, questions and answers, and demonstrations. Lecture and question and answer methods were carried out for socialization aimed at providing understanding to students about knowledge and attitudes in dealing with earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes, as well as socialization to explain the importance of environmental sustainability in order to prevent natural disasters, as well as socialization of geographic information related to potential disasters. in the city of Yogyakarta, as well as the concept of multisensory-based earthquake, flood and tornado disaster mitigation. Demonstration method for carrying out multisensory-based earthquake, flood and tornado disaster mitigation simulations. Partners in this community partnership program are SDN Karaganyar and SDN Minggiran. The two elementary schools are inclusive elementary schools located in the city of Yogyakarta. Based on observations at SDN Karanganyar and SDN Minggiran, there are students with special needs who do not understand how to protect and save themselves when a disaster occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct disaster mitigation training to improve the ability to face multisensory-based disaster threats. The target in this community partnership program is ABK students at SDN Karanganyar and SDN Minggiran, and it was carried out from April 2018 to November 2018. Through training to increase the ability to face multisensory-based disaster threats, it is hoped that it can improve the ability of ABK students in dealing with disaster threats.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Profesional Guru-Guru SD Gugus Ganesha Windusari Magelang Melalui Pelatihan Implementasi Model Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) Bermuatan Six Pillars Of Character
Authors: Hartati Hartati , Setyasto Novi , Sutikno Putri Yanuarita , Renggani Renggani
Published: August 2022

Enactment of Permendikbud No. 22 of 2016 concerning Process Standards implies a shift in the teaching paradigm to a learning paradigm, the use of a scientific approach (scientific), and an integrated thematic so that it is necessary to apply problem-based learning. However, the reality on the ground is different. Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted in the Ganesha Windusari Cluster, Magelang consisting of 50 elementary school teachers and located on the slopes of Mount Sumbing, it shows that approximately 80% of teachers (or about 40 teachers) still have difficulty implementing disclosure-based learning/research in the classroom, especially in the manufacture of learning tools that contain the cultivation of attitudes or character values ​​in accordance with process standards. The solution that can be applied is the provision of training activities for the Implementation of the Inquiry Based Learning (IBL) Learning Model with Six Pillars of Character. The purpose of this service activity is to provide training to elementary school teachers in the Ganesha Group in implementing the IBL model containing the six pillars of character in learning in elementary school. The method of this service activity is in the form of training for elementary school teachers in the Dewadaru II Cluster. The training methods used in this service are: lecture, question and answer, practice, and simulation. This training activity was attended by 38 teachers of SD Gugus Ganesha with the training location at SDN Banjarsari, Windusari District, Magelang. The outputs resulting from this training activity are an increase in the knowledge and skills of teachers as indicated by: 1) the composition of 30 learning tools with the IBL model containing the six pillars of character; 2) an increase in the average post-test result (75.4) compared to the average pre-test result (32.6); 3) 25 out of 38 participants gave a very positive response to the quality of the training materials and 13 participants gave a positive response with an average score of 4.66.
Sistem Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Gajah Mungkur Kota Semarang
Authors: Haryono Haryono , Budiyono Budiyono , Istyarini Istyarini , Wardi Wardi , Ardiantoro Apri
Published: August 2022

Quality assurance is a series of processes and related systems to collect, analyze, and report data on the performance and quality of educators and education personnel, programs and institutions. The quality assurance process identifies aspects of achievement and priority for improvement, provides data as a basis for planning and decision making and helps build a culture of continuous improvement. The achievement of the quality of education for primary and secondary education in Indonesia is assessed based on the eight National Education Standards of the BSNP. The regional autonomy policy has an impact on the management of education in the region. Efforts to standardize quality must be the focus of attention in an effort to maintain the quality of education nationally. The quality assurance and improvement system of primary and secondary education in Indonesia operates within an education management and government system that delegates most of the responsibility for implementation to provinces, districts, foundations and schools/madrasahs. Achievement of education quality for primary and secondary education is assessed based on the eight National Education Standards from the BSNP. the system of guaranteeing and improving the quality of education in elementary school education in Gajahmungkur District, Semarang City is related to three main aspects, namely: (1) Studying the concept of Education Quality Assurance, (2) Development of an effective education quality information system for management, decision making in assurance and improving the quality of education, and (3) Continuous Education Quality Assurance System through School Self Evaluation (EDS) to step into the education quality assurance process.
PENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA ANAK TK DAN SD MELALUI TEKNIK PEMBELAJARAN MENDONGENG GURU TK DAN SD
Authors: Elmubarok Zaim , Irawati Retno Purnama
Published: August 2022

Salah satu manfaat mendengarkan cerita bagi anak adalah merangsang kreativitas anak, terutama kreativitas verbal. Kreativitas verbal anak dapat dikembangkan melalui kegiatan mendengar cerita. Melalui kegiatan ini anak-anak akan mendapatkan perbendaharaan kata baru, selain itu imajinasi anak akan terkontrol, maka anak pun bisa menyampaikan ide atau gagasan-gagasan yang orisinal. Melalui kegiatan mendengar cerita, banyak informasi dan pengetahuan yang diperoleh anak. Informasi dan pengetahuan tersebut disimpan dalam ingatan. Perumusan masalah yang  diangkat dalam pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah bagaimana model pengembangan keterampilan mendongeng guru TK dan SD untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak TK dan SD dan bagaimana proses belajar mengajar dengan mendongeng untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak TK dan SD. Alternatif pemecahan masalah yang telah diterapkan dalam pengabdian ini adalah mengadakan workshop atau pelatihan yaitu kegiatan untuk pengenalan model pengembangan keterampilan mendongeng guru TK dan SD untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak TK dan SD. Peserta workshop atau pelatihan ini, yaitu para guru TK dan SD di kabupaten Semarang. Peserta diarahkan untuk dapat mengembangkan dan menciptakan teknik mendongeng yang baru untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak TK dan SD. Selain itu, peserta pelatihan mempraktekkan suatu model pembelajaran dengan mendongeng untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa anak TK dan SD. Sesuai dengan alternatif pemecahan masalah yang dipilih, maka bentuk kegiatan pengabdian yang telah diterapkan adalah workshop atau pelatihan, yaitu kegiatan untuk yaitu pengenalan model pengembangan keterampilan mendongeng guru TK dan SD 45 orang guru SD, 20 orang guru TK, dan 10 orang guru SMP di wilayah kabupaten Semarang.