bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Objective and Self‐Reported Sleep Duration With All‐Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Community‐Based Study
Authors: Zhao Binbin , Meng Yuxuan , Jin Xiaoying , Xi Wenyu , Ma Qingyan , Yang Jian , Ma Xiancang , Yan Bin
Published: April 2023

Background

Previous studies found an association between self‐reported sleep duration and mortality. This study aimed to compare the effects of objective and self‐reported sleep duration on all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods and Results

A total of 2341 men and 2686 women (aged 63.9±11.1 years) were selected from the SHHS (Sleep Heart Health Study). Objective sleep duration was acquired using in‐home polysomnography records, and self‐reported sleep duration on weekdays and weekends was based on a sleep habits questionnaire. The sleep duration was categorized as ≤4 hours, 4 to 5 hours, 5 to 6 hours, 6 to 7 hours, 7 to 8 hours, and >8 hours. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the association of objective and self‐reported sleep duration with all‐cause and CVD mortality. During a mean follow‐up period of 11 years, 1172 (23.3%) participants died, including 359 (7.1%) deaths from CVD. All‐cause and CVD mortality rates decreased gradually with increasing objective sleep duration. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the greatest association for all‐cause and CVD mortality was with an objective sleep duration of 5 hours or shorter. In addition, we found a J‐shaped association of self‐reported sleep duration on both weekdays and weekends with all‐cause and CVD mortality. Self‐reported short (≤4 hours) and long (>8 hours) sleep duration on weekdays and weekends were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause and CVD mortality compared with 7 to 8 hours sleep duration. Furthermore, a weak correlation was observed between objective and self‐reported sleep duration.

Conclusions

This study showed that both objective and self‐reported sleep duration were associated with all‐cause and CVD mortality, but with different characteristics.

Registration

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00005275
; Unique identifier: NCT00005275.
QRS Fragmentation in Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: Functional Insights, Pathological Correlates, and Prognosis
Authors: Sung Kuo‐Tzu , Chang Sheng‐Hsiung , Chi Po‐Ching , Chien Shih‐Chieh , Lo Chi‐In , Lin Chao‐Feng , Huang Wen‐Hung , Yun Chun‐Ho , Tsai Cheng‐Ting , Su Cheng‐Huang , Hou Charles Jia‐Yin , Yeh Hung‐I , Tsao Chin‐Ho , Kuo Jen‐Yuan , Hung Chung‐Lieh
Published: April 2023

Background

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) morphology as a surrogate marker of the possible presence of myocardial scarring has been shown to confer a higher risk in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure. We aimed to investigate the pathophysiological correlates and prognostic implications of fQRS in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and Results

We consecutively studied 960 patients with HFpEF (76.4±12.7 years, men: 37.2%). fQRS was assessed using a body surface ECG during hospitalization. QRS morphology was available and classified into 3 categories among 960 subjects with HFpEF as non‐fQRS, inferior fQRS, and anterior/lateral fQRS groups. Despite comparable clinical features in most baseline demographics among the 3 fQRS categories, anterior/lateral fQRS showed significantly higher B‐type natriuretic peptide/troponin levels (both
P
<0.001), with both the inferior and anterior/lateral fQRS HFpEF groups demonstrating a higher degree of unfavorable cardiac remodeling, greater extent of myocardial perfusion defect, and slower coronary flow phenomenon (all
P
<0.05). Patients with anterior/lateral fQRS HFpEF exhibited significantly altered cardiac structure/function and more impaired diastolic indices (all
P
<0.05). During a median of 657 days follow‐up, the presence of anterior/lateral fQRS conferred a doubled HF re‐admission risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.90,
P
<0.001), with both inferior and anterior/lateral fQRS having a higher risk of cardiovascular and all‐cause death (all
P
<0.05) by using Cox regression models.

Conclusions

The presence of fQRS in HFpEF was associated with more extensive myocardial perfusion defects and worsened mechanics, which possibly denotes a more severe involvement of cardiac damage. Early recognition in such patients with HFpEF likely benefits from targeted therapeutic interventions.
Travelling with Architect Erik Hansen: A Cypress on the Peloponnese
Authors: Algreen-Ussing Gregers
Published: April 2023

This reflective article starts with a personal anecdote, a journey together with Erik Hansen on the Peloponnese to visit an old cypress. He describes Hansen’s empathetic working method, which leads to a better understanding of the whole construction process of the temple. An essential part was the building of an evenly ascending slipway on the steep hillside, which could comply with the limits of the tractive force and the load put on the constructed track by the transport of the building blocks and wooden beams. This slipway was used to transport around 2,000 building blocks with a total volume of more than 3,000 m3. The total dragging operation included over 8,000 tons of blue-grey limestone.
Erik Hansen: The Man Who Speaks with the Stones
Authors: Tae Jensen Jesper
Published: April 2023

In this brief contribution, we are introduced to two of Erik Hansen’s restoration works in Denmark, the Marble Bridge across Frederiksholm’s Canal (erected 1739–1745) and his private house in Wildersgade (built ca. 1725), both in Copenhagen. These two examples demonstrate Hansen’s unique approach to architecture, in which he literarily is “The Man Who Speaks with the Stones.”
The Stoa of Eumenes in Athens: Theoretical Restoration
Authors: Korres Manolis
Published: April 2023

The article offers a detailed discussion of the outline and all essential elements of the Stoa of Eumenes at Athens. It is a preliminary study for a more trustworthy reconstruction of this central architectural monument. Themes discussed are Doric columns, Ionic columns, Pergamene columns, double half-columns, examines the height of all architectural orders, prefabrication with Prokonnesian marble, and issues of transport, letters as mason marks, important horizontal dimensions, construction of the floor, particularities of the roof geison, roof type, diagonal beams, corner supports under diagonal beams, alterations on the stoa’s west end, and the reuse of geison blocks on the proskenion of the Dionysos Theater.
Ancient Greek Dining Spaces: The Rooms of the South Stoa at Corinth
Authors: Scahill David
Published: April 2023

This paper explores the architectural manifestations for ritual and public dining spaces in the ancient Greek world as defined by architectural characteristics or other material remains. Hestiatoria have traditionally been defined as “dining spaces” on the basis of loose architectural distinctions, such as rooms set aside in sanctuaries, sometimes with off-center doorways, indications of klinai or other small finds that suggest dining. Rooms in stoas sometimes served for dining purposes, as is well attested, but the form of the complexes differs substantially. Can there be a more precise typology made of these buildings and the indicators which might suggest different practices? Are there specific differences architecturally between ritual dining and public dining? These and other considerations are addressed in conjunction with literary testimonia for dining practices in an attempt to bring into focus the varied architectural record.
From Exclusive Dream Oracles to Ubiquitous Incubation Dreams: A Change in the Perception of a Divine Healer?
Authors: von Ehrenheim Hedvig
Published: April 2023

This paper argues that the cult of Asklepios developed and spread fast due to a shift in mentality in Classical Greece. This change concerned both who might communicate directly with the gods in dreams, as well as the development of a new way of envisaging healing. It is argued that the notion that anybody could receive a godsent dream, as seen in numerous incubation sanctuaries, reflects a change in mentality in Classical times. It is further argued that religious healing in the cult of Asklepios was influenced by the development of Greek medicine in Archaic times, and the ease and low expense of consulting a Hippokratic doctor in Classical times.
Dedicatory Paintings in Greek Religion: An Initial Assessment
Authors: Renberg Gil H.
Published: April 2023

This contribution presents the first survey of the full range of sources for the dedication of paintings to the gods of the Greek-speaking world, including Egypt. This phenomenon has been largely overlooked due to the rarity of such dedications, in contrast to the countless dedicatory objects fashioned from stone and other durable materials, which have survived in relative abundance. Although some types of dedicatory painting, particularly the well-known Archaic and Classical terracotta pinakes from Attika and the painted wooden panels from Pitsa, have been studied by numerous scholars, other examples have been neglected, along with many written sources. Seeking to fill this gap in the scholarship, this article collects the full range of sources demonstrating the importance of paintings as a type of dedication – not only the paintings that still survive on terracotta, stone, and stucco, but also a varied and intriguing body of literary and epigraphical testimonia. The result is a study that for the first time provides scholars of Greek religion and Greek art a detailed overview of this aspect of Greek cult, and delves into various issues – methodological and otherwise – crucial to understanding its nature.
To Remain or to Terminate? The Quest for Strategic Autonomy: An Autonomy Cost Model of Alliance Duration
Authors: Lee Jinwon
Published: April 2023

Alliances are agreements among independent states to cooperate militarily in the face of potential or realized military conflict. However, not all alliances endure for decades. Existing empirical evidence suggests that there is a variance in the lifespan of alliances. I argue that alliances are more likely to be dissolved when their treaty obligations undermine autonomy in a state’s core security or military strategy. In this vein, I also insist that ‘strategic autonomy’ is a key factor in the termination of alliance and alliance duration. Alliances with strong ‘strategic autonomy constraints’ would not last longer than others. I use the ATOP data and principal components analysis (PCA) technique to test this argument to identify a strategic autonomy variable. The extracted principal components (PCs) are used as explanatory variables in regression. This paper finds that alliances with strategic autonomy constraints do not last longer than alliances that are not constrained, and the empirical results are consistent with the hypotheses.
An Analysis of ASEAN’s Cyclone Nargis 2008 Disaster Diplomacy
Authors: Papp Bendegúz
Published: April 2023

Cyclone Nargis in 2008 is remembered as one of the deadliest disasters of modern Southeast Asia. Myanmar suffered the greatest losses of the states in the region, with more than a hundred thousand deaths and millions affected. The present research examines the events of the storm in a disaster diplomacy context. The methodological framework of the study is the Complex Adaptive System, which is applied through four properties and three mechanisms. According to the results, Cyclone Nargis hit the region in a cold international environment, and its treatment ended with a (to some extent) successful regional diplomatic outcome after easing the initial abstention. Among the variables of the CAS method, nonlinearity and aggregation, as well as internal model and building blocks, determined regional cooperation. The present case study shows that an extremely severe natural disaster is capable of promoting regional cooperation despite the actual cold political environment.
Regulatory Cooperation for Vaccines: The Asia-Pacific and Beyond
Authors: Lacey Simon , Mitchell Andrew D
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic galvanized national regulatory authorities (NRAs) to adopt innovative and cooperative vaccine approval approaches. Against a backdrop of deaths, economic paralysis, and political instability, it became clear that legacy approaches to vaccine approvals would no longer suffice. Regulatory cooperation between NRAs has developed since the 1960s in Europe and later in other regions. But the crisis wrought by COVID-19 has instilled a new sense of the value of networking, work-sharing, reliance, and recognition among NRAs in all countries and regions. Regional and multilateral collaboration — particularly in the Asia-Pacific — have also enabled shared knowledge and resources while contributing to some degree of harmonization in rules and procedures. Indeed, this will likely pave the way for dealing with future global health crises. Yet, amidst the detritus, there is much to learn.
Rhexoacrodictys melanospora sp. nov. (Rhexoacrodictys, Pleurotheciales) from Yunnan, China
Authors: BAO SHU-XIN , XU RONG-JU , ZHU YING-AN , ZHAO QI
Published: April 2023

Based on the morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we introduce a new species, Rhexoacrodictys melanospora, collected on decaying wood from terrestrial habitats in Yunnan, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combination of four loci (LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 data) demonstrated high support for establishing a new species within Rhexoacrodictys. The morphological characteristics of R. melanospora and the differences compared with the members of Rhexoacrodictys are also given in detail herein.
Visiting Ladakh Himalaya for a better knowledge of butterflies: new faunistic data with annotations (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea)
Authors: DAS GAURAB NANDI , ALI MOHD , BÁLINT ZSOLT , SINGH NAVNEET , CHANDRA KAILASH , GUPTA SANDEEP KUMAR
Published: April 2023

The present study enumerates 65 species of Papilionoidea from the Ladakh Himalaya with the geographical locations and adult flight data. All the species are documented by museum vouchers. Most of the species recorded, have restricted distribution or they are endemic to the Pamir–NW Himalaya region. Sixteen species are protected in the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972; three species highly protected under schedule I: Baltia butleri, Pieris krueperi, Lasiommata menava; and others under schedule II: Papilio machaon, Parnassius charltonius, Parnassius epaphus, Colias ladakensis, Colias eogene, Colias stoliczkana, Pieris deota, Pontia chloridice, Alpherakya devanica, Pamiria metallica, Paralasa mani, Paralasa kalinda and Polygonia c-album. We report lower occurrences for the endemic Pieris deota, where the migrant Pontia chloridice is reported to fly at more than 600 m higher than earlier records indicated. Lastly, the male and female genitalia of some endemic and rare species are illustrated, including Euchloe daphalis.
Laparoscopic Gastrectomy for Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Omori Takeshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Takeno Atsushi , Akamaru Yusuke , Demura Koichi , Okada Kazuyuki , Kishi Kentaro , Saito Takuro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro
Published: April 2023

Background

Application of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) to advanced gastric cancer is still controversial due to lack of sufficient surgical and oncological outcomes. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of LG for advanced gastric cancer by multicenter prospective cohort study.

Methods

A total of 98 patients with clinical stage II or III gastric cancer from 8 institutes were analyzed in this study. The primary endpoint was incidence of severe postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo classification grade Ⅲa or higher.

Results

Sixty-six patients underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG), 10 patients laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG), 21 patients laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG), and 1 patient received gastro-jejunostomy. Seven patients had positive lavage cytology (CY1) and R0 rate was 90.8%. Three patients (3.1%) required conversion to open surgery. The incidence of overall postoperative complications and severe postoperative complications were 17.3% and 9.2%, respectively, those were comparable to the data of open surgery for advanced gastric cancer previously published. By surgical procedure, the incidence of severe postoperative complications of LDG, LPG, and LTG were 4.6, 0, and 28.6% and the rate of severe anastomotic leakage of LDG, LPG, and LTG were 0, 0, and 9.5%, respectively. Total gastrectomy was an only independent risk factor of severe postoperative complications in LG for advanced gastric cancer (odds ratio 8.75; 95% confidence interval 1.70-56.69, P = .0092).

Discussion

The incidence of severe postoperative complications after LG performed by qualified surgeons was acceptable even in cases of advanced gastric cancer; however, careful attention is required to adopt LTG. (UMIN000025733).
Pyloric Duplication Cyst in Newborn Male
Authors: Morgan Alexandra D. , Ma Brenda L. , Parrish Dan W.
Published: April 2023

An enteric duplication cyst (EDC) is a rare congenital anomaly. Although EDCs can occur at any point throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they are most commonly reported in the ileum and only around 5-7% are of gastroduodenal origin. We report a case of a pyloric duplication cyst in a 3 hour old male with prenatal ultrasound showing a cystic mass. The patient had an abdominal ultrasound after birth that showed a mass with probable trilaminar wall. The diagnosis of pyloric duplication cyst was made in surgery and confirmed with histopathologic examination following resection. The patient is doing well with appropriate weight gain at follow-up appointments.
Management of Hypercalcemic Crisis due to Primary Hyperparathyroidism During Pregnancy
Authors: Christopher Laura , Mellman Michael , Buicko Jessica L.
Published: April 2023

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disorder following diabetes and thyroid disease. Women are affected by primary hyperparathyroidism twice as often as men. The first reported case of hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy was in 1931. More recent data suggests that hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is diagnosed in .5-1.4% of women. Symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism, such as fatigue, lethargy, and proximal muscle weakness are nonspecific and could be mistaken as complaints naturally present during pregnancy; however, maternal complications in patients with hyperparathyroidism can be as high as 67%. We present a case of a pregnant patient who presented in hypercalcemic crisis with a concomitant diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.
Assessing Aftercare Reforms in Pennsylvania’s Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Mielke Monica
Published: April 2023

Aftercare seeks to address challenges juveniles face when re-entering the community after residential placement. This study compares changes in recidivism in five Pennsylvania counties that piloted aftercare reforms in 2005 to 2010 as part of Models for Change to recidivism in counties that did not. The sample includes 3,107 referrals to court in pilot counties and 8,272 in comparison counties. Estimates show no discernible effect of the reforms on recidivism. The estimated change in re-referrals to court lies between a decrease of 4 percentage points and an increase of 14 points. Differences in implementation effectiveness and participation may explain these null results. Although this analysis does not detect changes in recidivism, these pilots laid the groundwork for Pennsylvania’s later juvenile justice reforms.
Nature Exposure is Associated With Reduced Smartphone Use
Authors: Minor Kelton , Glavind Kristoffer Lind , Schwartz Aaron J. , Danforth Christopher M. , Lehmann Sune , Bjerre-Nielsen Andreas
Published: April 2023

Evidence links greenspace exposure with restorative benefits to cognition and well-being, yet nature contact is declining for younger demographics. Although natural settings have been shown to restore the capacity to inhibit distracting stimuli, it remains unknown whether smartphone attention capture disrupts nature contact. Here, we analyzed ~2.5 million observations of logged smartphone use, texting, calling, and environmental exposures for 701 young adults over 2 years. Participants’ weekly smartphone screen-time was over double their green-time. The relationship between greenspace exposure and smartphone activity differed by exposure dose, type, and mobility state. Calling and texting increased during short recreational greenspace visits while all smartphone use declined over the first 3 hr in nature areas, suggesting that nature exposure may support digital impulse inhibition. Those with elevated baseline screen-time or green-time significantly reduced device use in nature, indicating that parts of the biosphere may provide a reprieve from the cybersphere for highly connected youth.
An Evaluation of the Relationship Between Medication Regimen Complexity as Measured by the MRC-ICU to Medication Errors in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chase Aaron M. , Azimi Hanna A. , Forehand Christy Cecil , Keats Kelli , Taylor Ashley , Wu Stephen , Blotske Kaitlin , Sikora Andrea
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between medication regimen complexity-intensive care unit (MRC-ICU) score at 24 hours and medication errors identified throughout the ICU. Methods: A single-center, observational study was conducted from August to October 2021. The primary outcome was the association between MRC-ICU at 24 hours and total medication errors identified. During the prospective component, ICU pharmacists recorded medication errors identified over an 8-week period. During the retrospective component, the electronic medical record was reviewed to collect patient demographics, outcomes, and MRC-ICU score at 24 hours. The primary outcome of the relationship of MRC-ICU at 24 hours to medication errors was assessed using Pearson correlation. Results: A total of 150 patients were included. There were 2 pharmacists who recorded 634 errors during the 8-week study period. No significant relationship between MRC-ICU and medication errors was observed ( r2 = .13, P = .11). Exploratory analyses of MRC-ICU relationship to major interventions and harm scores showed that MRC-ICU scores >10 had more major interventions (27 vs 14, P = .27) and higher harm scores (15 vs 7, P = .33), although these values were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Medication errors appear to occur independently of medication regimen complexity. Critical care pharmacists were responsible for mitigating a large number of medication errors.
Infrastructure and authority at the state’s edge: The Border Crossings of the World dataset
Authors: Kenwick Michael R , Simmons Beth A , McAlexander Richard J
Published: April 2023

The Border Crossings of the World (BCW) dataset explores state authority spatially by collecting information about infrastructure built where highways cross internationally recognized borders. This geolocated information is recorded using high-altitude imagery from 1993 to 2020. We describe how the data were collected, demonstrate the dataset’s utility, and offer advice and best practices regarding use of the data. These data present clear evidence of visible and long-term state investments in authoritative displays of states’ intention to ‘filter’ entry into and exit out of their national jurisdiction. Researchers can use these data to test theories on the causes and consequences of border hardening for security outcomes, border management cooperation, political violence, terrorism, trade and migration flows, transnational crime patterns, and human rights conditions. Because the data are precisely geolocated, they are easy to combine with existing spatial datasets.
Just business? Moral condemnation and virtuous violence in the American and Russian mass publics
Authors: Pomeroy Caleb , Rathbun Brian C
Published: April 2023

More often than not, violence between states in the field of international relations is understood in instrumental terms. States are thought to act purposively in the pursuit of some tangible object, treating those in their way as objects; the targets of that violence respond to such treatment phlegmatically, without any sense of outrage. Drawing on psychological research in ‘virtuous violence’, which argues that intergroup violence is primarily moralistic in character, we present results from three survey experiments in the United States and Russia and a re-analysis of a recent study, which demonstrate that moral condemnation of adversaries is extremely easy to invoke, hard to avoid, common across different cultural contexts, and a central feature of ‘binding’ morality, one of the most fundamental moral foundations. Our first survey experiment presents American respondents with a fictional state developing nuclear weapons. Strategic features of the situation – offensive capability, past history, and interest divergence – generate not only threat perception but, crucially, negative moral attributions that mediate between the two. In the next two survey experiments, we show that American and Russian respondents judge aggressive action against a third country, regardless of whether the aggressor pursues water necessary for its population or oil useful for its economy. Finally, our re-analysis of Rathbun & Stein 1 shows that moral condemnation strongly mediates the effect of binding morality on support for nuclear weapons use against terrorists. Our results suggest a future agenda on morality’s role in international relations that highlights ethical dynamics beyond the taming influence of humanitarianism and cosmopolitan individualism. Morality can drive conflict, not just restrain it.
Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Authors: Hockly Nicky
Published: April 2023

The use of educational technologies in English language teaching (ELT) has become widely accepted in the post-pandemic era, and, for better or worse, some of these technologies rely on artificial intelligence (AI). As an area of technological growth and increasing financial investment, we are likely to see more AI-driven technologies in teaching and learning in the post-pandemic ELT world. We are currently in the stage of ‘weak’ AI, which typically performs restricted tasks within specific domains relatively well. However, ‘strong’ AI, equivalent to human intelligence, is the long-term goal, and although this is no more than a theoretical construct at present, we can expect ‘stronger’ AI to emerge over time. ELT will not be immune to this development, and it behoves us as language teachers to be familiar with AI's current benefits and challenges, so that we can better prepare for that future. This article describes how AI is currently used in ELT, and explores some of the opportunities and challenges that AI can provide for learners, teachers and institutions. Ethical issues such as collecting learner data, surveillance and privacy are considered, as well as learner wellbeing and the digital literacies that teachers and learners will need to develop to co-exist in a brave new world of educational AI. Chatbots are examined as one example of AI-driven technology for language learning. There are of course many more, such as machine translation, intelligent tutoring systems and automated writing evaluation to name just a few; however, a detailed consideration of these is beyond the scope of this article.
Could Be it’s Grammaticalization: Usage Patterns of the Epistemic Phrases (it) Could/Might Be
Authors: Lorenz David
Published: April 2023

Starting from the assumption that grammaticalization is rooted in situated language use, the present study tests the connection between functional reanalysis and formal reduction with a synchronic approach. It investigates a case of potential (but not actuated) grammaticalization in Present-Day English, the use of epistemic phrases of the type it could/ might be ( that), which can serve an adverbial function and undergo formal reduction in analogy to maybe. These phrases are analyzed in British English (spoken data and informal writing) for their syntactic complementation and for omission of the expletive subject it. The results show that omission rates are overall higher in “critical contexts,” that is, where the item is structurally ambiguous between a clause and an adverbial, though other usage types, such as idioms, may promote it-omission too. The findings suggest that formal reduction ( it-omission) is connected to incipient/potential grammaticalization (critical contexts) even in the absence of a diachronic grammaticalization process. Thus, they provide evidence that the oft-observed correspondence between functional and formal changes emerges immediately in synchronic language use. A possible interpretation is that certain linguistic elements have a base potential for being put to more grammatical uses; while these uses need not initiate change, speakers tend to adapt the form to its function.
Violence and Suicidal/Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents Undergoing Residential Treatment: An Examination of the Predictive Validity of the SAVRY, START:AV, and VRS-YV
Authors: Gray Andrew L. , Viljoen Jodi L.
Published: April 2023

Using a retrospective study design, predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth, Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV), and the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version (VRS-YV) was examined among 87 adolescents referred to a residential treatment program. With few exceptions, moderate to high accuracy was achieved for the three measures in predicting violence and suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury occurring during the adolescents’ time in treatment. Accuracy of the measures peaked within 90 days for violence and gradually increased over the 180-day follow-up for suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury. Dynamic factors were more predictive of repeated events involving violence relative to static/historical factors, whereas only factors from the START: AV were predictive of repeated events involving suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury. These results emphasize the need for further examining the risk of adverse outcomes beyond violence among adolescents.
Classic assimilation, self-selection and parent status: An analysis of the central–local political trust among highly educated Mainland migrants in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam Ka Wang Kelvin , Zhong Hua , Gu Gloria Yuxuan
Published: April 2023

Prior research overlooks highly educated migrants and their political incorporation in host societies. This study applies both classic assimilation and self-selection theories to understand political trust among highly educated migrants from Mainland China in Hong Kong, including their trust toward local (host society) and central (home society) governments. We also address the possibility of selective assimilation adopted by migrant parents as risk-reducing strategies. Based on a survey of highly educated Mainland migrants in Hong Kong ( n = 2,884), our results show partial support for both theories. Migrants’ political trust is influenced by both their post-migration political exposure and their pre-migration political attitudes. Moreover, migrant parents tend to remain bicultural, showing more positive attitudes toward both governments in host and home societies.
A novel hybrid Harris hawk optimization and sine cosine algorithm based home energy management system for residential buildings
Authors: Paul Kaushik , Hati Debolina
Published: April 2023

Smart grid technology has given users the ability to regulate their home energy in a much more effective manner. In such scenarios, Home Energy Management (HEM) potentially becomes an arduous task, as it necessitates the optimal scheduling of smart appliances in order to reduce energy usage. In this research, a hybrid Harris Hawk Optimization-Sine Cosine Algorithm (hHHO-SCA) has been proposed to develop a meta-heuristic-based HEM system. The hybridization of HHO with SCA has been done to enhance the exploration and exploitation stages of HHO, hence improving its global search phase and effectively optimizing the energy usages. In addition to this, several knapsacks are utilized to guarantee that load demand for power users does not surpass a certain level during the peak hours. In terms of electricity prices and Peak to Average Ratio (PAR) reduction, the hybridization is demonstrated to be beneficial in achieving the objectives. Simulations are performed for a multi-family housing complex with a range of smart equipment. The results achieved with the proposed approach suggest that hHHO-SCA has been comparatively efficient in terms of cost reduction, and PAR, when compared to the other optimization techniques. Practical Application. This home energy management system can be applied to optimally schedule all the smart appliances in a building to minimize electricity consumption and provide the consumer with potential savings in electricity costs.
“It Would be Funny if it Wasn’t Horrifying”: A Discourse Analysis of the 2019 Conscious Eating Conference Debate on In Vitro Meat
Authors: Poirier Nathan
Published: April 2023

This paper examines a high-profile debate on whether in vitro (or as referred to in the debate, cell-based) meat is good for animals. The debate is structured to present the “pro” and “con” sides to this resolve. This debate and its subsequent analysis herein illuminates tensions within the animal rights movement concerning effective tactics, and highlights main arguments for and against in vitro meat. This paper analyses both sides’ arguments, justifications given, and how both sides engage with each other. The debate is framed in terms of vegan activist tactics. Discourses concerning these tactics are drawn out in terms of how each side views their own reasoning and the other side’s. Evidence for three subsets of differences is presented: (1) a small-scale vs. large-scale perspective (2) variety of activist tactics vs. fundamentalist veganism, and (3) anger vs. naivete. Overall, two drastically differing discourses are found to be reflective of reformist versus a radical orientation towards animal rights and veganism generally. The debate over IVM has somewhat split the vegan community and this paper shows how so and along what lines, and the discourses that have emerged.
The Development of Technology-Enhanced Performance-Based Peer Feedback to Support Teacher Candidate Practice and Child Outcomes
Authors: Coogle Christan Grygas , Storie Sloan O. , Wade Clarissa Bunch , Nagro Sarah A. , Mitchem Katherine
Published: April 2023

We used a multi-method design to determine the quality of technology-enhanced performance-based peer feedback, teacher candidate strategy use, and child behaviors over time. We also explored teacher candidates’ perceived social validity of technology-enhanced performance-based peer feedback. Eleven teacher candidates enrolled in an early childhood certification program and their focus children that were at-risk or identified with disabilities engaged in naturalistic early childhood environments (home, community, and classroom settings). Teacher candidates were grouped by their environmental assignment and reviewed video interactions to provide feedback to their peers. Teacher candidates' quality of feedback changed over time which impacted teacher candidate use of strategies as well as focus child use of skills. Additionally, the teacher candidates perceived the intervention package to be feasible and acceptable. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Music majors’ self-regulated learning (SRL) of music practice in China: Two case studies based on the SRL microanalysis
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Leung Bo-Wah
Published: April 2023

The primary purpose of the study was to explore the current situation of Chinese music majors’ self-regulated learning (SRL) in the individual music practice context. Two undergraduate piano players’ music practice profiles were collected using SRL microanalysis protocols and follow-up semi-structured interviews. The results have shown: (1) there were obvious differences between the two Chinese music majors’ before, during, and after their practice sessions; (2) both participants’ SRL during music practice could be enhanced by developing advanced practice strategies (including metacognitive and mental strategies); (3) music majors’ SRL has been influenced by Chinese culture when seeking help from teachers and in self-attribution; (4) the SRL microanalysis can effectively obtain specific contextualized information regarding music majors’ behavior, cognition, and affect during their practice in the Chinese context. This study reflects the Chinese music majors’ current situation in terms of self-regulated music practice and provides insights useful to understanding the practices of students influenced by Chinese culture and improving them to achieve higher levels of self-regulated music practice.
Vilém Flusser’s What If? On Designing Radical Futures
Authors: Finger Anke
Published: April 2023

While Vilém Flusser’s writings on (media) philosophy and communication have found a wide readership across the globe, another ‘Flusser’ has been present all along, interwoven perhaps, namely that of the ‘obsessive futurologist’. Flusser, the futurologist, does not only imagine or predict media-technological universes unfolding with, among, and for us, but he, in his insistence that ‘communication is anthropology’, also imagines scenarios of possible worlds to come. In his little-known book Angenommen: Eine Szenenfolge (1989), available in English translation as What If? Twenty-Two Scenarios in Search of Images (2023), he designs sketches of an Anthropocene fraught with nightmares and wonders. What If? offers insight into the radical futures of a slipstream Anthropocene that have to do with speculative design, with Flusser’s concept of design as ‘crafty’ or slippery, and with art and the immense creative potential of failure versus reasonable, ‘good’ computing or calculability.
Computational investigation of NREL Phase-VI rotor: Validation of test sequence-S measurements
Authors: Shaik Mujahid , Subramanian Balaji
Published: April 2023

A CFD-based assessment and validation of the NREL Phase-VI Sequence-S rotor at seven wind speeds presented here. The ability of a three-dimensional, unstructured, unsteady RANS solver in successfully predicting the wind flow interactions with a rotating, twisted and tapered rotor is described. The uRANS equations were coupled with SST κ-ω turbulence model and a correlation-based Gamma-Theta transition model. The simulations were performed in ANSYS CFX using both Single Reference Frame (SRF) and Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) modelling approaches. A good agreement with measurements is observed at six of seven wind speeds when comparing the integral quantities, the spanwise and chordwise distributions. The only exception is the 10 m/s wind speed case, attributed to the onset of a massive leading edge stall around the mid-span region. It is successfully demonstrated here how uRANS-based CFD computations can be effectively employed in the study of wind turbine rotor aerodynamics.
What is on the Bicycle Paths? A Detailed Vehicle Taxonomy with Mode Share Data for Off-Street Paths in Metropolitan Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Hassanpour Amir , Bigazzi Alexander
Published: April 2023

The trend of increasingly multi-modal urban transportation has accelerated with the advent of low-power vehicles such as electric-assist bicycles, scooters, and skateboards. Despite increased attention, little is known about the actual usage of these vehicles, such as their mode shares in off-street and cycling facilities. The objectives of this study are to: (1) catalog all motorized and non-motorized vehicles in use on cycling facilities in metropolitan Vancouver, Canada; (2) create a taxonomy of the vehicles using visually identifiable features; and (3) determine volumes and mode shares for each vehicle type. We develop and validate a field data collection method using pneumatic tubes synchronized with video cameras, and collect classified volume data at 12 strategically selected locations over four seasons. A total of 25,282 vehicles are classified from more than 450 h of video data, categorized into 27 types using 10 features, such as number of wheels, number of axles, and existence of a battery/motor. Conventional (non-shared) bicycles are still the dominant vehicle in use, with a mode share of 90%. Although a variety of motorized personal mobility devices are present in cycling facilities, their mode shares are still extremely small. Electric bicycles are the most common motorized vehicle, with a mean mode share of 4% (ranging from 0% to 20% by location-date). The proposed taxonomy enables consistent empirical data collection to evaluate mode share trends and patterns, and to study the impacts of regulatory changes, incentive programs, and new infrastructure.
Ruggedness Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus Test Using Small-Scale Test Specimens for Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester
Authors: Kuchiishi Andre Kazuo , Castorena Cassie , Kim Youngsoo Richard , Underwood Benjamin Shane
Published: April 2023

The small specimen dynamic modulus test (AASHTO TP 132-19) is of paramount importance for the asphalt community since it can be used to characterize and compare asphalt mixtures and the test outcomes can be used as input for pavement performance predictions. Even though the small specimen dynamic modulus test is broadly used, acceptable limits for controlling critical experimental factors still need to be developed. This paper presents the method and outcomes of a ruggedness evaluation of the Asphalt Mixture Performance Tester (AMPT) dynamic modulus test using small-scale test specimens. Three mixtures were evaluated and seven experimental factors were selected: strain peak-to-peak magnitude, specimen perpendicularity, platen-to-specimen diameter difference, specimen height, temperature, compensation springs, and end friction reducers. The analysis identified the statistically significant factors and it was found that the strain peak-to-peak magnitude and temperature were the most statistically significant factors. The specimen height and the type of end friction reducer were not found to be statistically significant factors. Also, higher strain levels and the use of compensation springs resulted in the overestimation of modulus at higher temperatures. Finally, tolerance limits were determined for each ruggedness factor and modifications to the small specimen dynamic modulus test and related standards were proposed.
Identifying the Local Impacts of Speed-Related Factors on Tunnel Entrance Crash Severity
Authors: Jung Soyoung , Qin Xiao
Published: April 2023

According to crash statistics, freeway tunnel entrance zones have higher injury severity rates than other freeway sections. The concentration of traffic injuries is a combination of high speed and low driver alertness. The government of South Korea has deployed the variable speed limit (VSL) as a safety countermeasure to mitigate the consequences of tunnel entrance crashes. This measure has not been quantitatively reviewed, therefore, the effectiveness of implementing VSL at tunnel entrance zones is unknown. The aim of this was to predict the injury severity of crashes occurring at the tunnel entrance zone given the nature of the crash, the size of the tunnel, the roadway geometric characteristics, and environmental factors. It was anticipated that a statistical model calibrated with historical crash data and tunnel features would be able to justify the current locations of VSL implementation and prioritize new VSL implementations. A geographically weighted logistic regression was employed and benchmarked by the conventional logistic regression model, considering the varying geographic locations of freeway tunnel entrances. The geographically weighted logistic regression model presented consistent findings and a slightly better statistical goodness-of-fit than the conventional logistic model. Moreover, the geographically weighted regression captured the local impact of low-level traffic speed on crash injury severities. The findings in this study could help researchers and practitioners evaluate site-specific traffic safety improvement strategies.
Axial Compressive Loading Attenuates Early Osteoarthritis by Reducing Subchondral Bone Remodeling
Authors: Wu Jianqun , Pan Yonghao , Yu Yangyi , Yang Qihao , Liu Qisong , Liu Yang , Zhong Jinhao , Fu Linhao , Cai Haotian , Liu Chao , Li Guangheng
Published: April 2023

Background:

Mechanical loading and alendronate (ALN) can be used as noninvasive physical therapy methods for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the timing and efficacy for treatments are unknown.

Purpose:

To determine whether the timing of mechanical loading and ALN influences the pathobiological changes of OA.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Mice with OA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection were subjected to early (1-3 weeks) or late (5-7 weeks) axial compressive dynamic load or intraperitoneal injection of ALN. Changes in gait were analyzed using gait analysis system, pathobiological changes in subchondral bone, cartilage, osteophyte, and synovitis were assessed using micro–computed tomography, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, pathologic section staining, and immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks.

Results:

At 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the OA limb had lower mean footprint pressure intensity, lower bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) in the subchondral bone, and more osteoclasts. At 4 weeks, the early loading, ALN, and load + ALN treatments induced less cartilage destruction, with a corresponding reduction in Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and increased hyaline cartilage thickness. The treatments also resulted in fewer osteoclasts and higher BV/TV and bone mineral density of subchondral bone and suppressed inflammation and interleukin 1β– and tumor necrosis factor α-positive cells in synovium. At 8 weeks, early loading or load + ALN improved the mean footprint pressure intensity and knee flexion. At 8 weeks, early load + ALN had a synergistic effect on protecting hyaline cartilage and proteoglycans. Footprint pressure intensity and cartilage destruction were worse in late loading limbs, and no differences in BV/TV, bone mineral density, osteophyte formation, and synovium inflammation were found between the late load, ALN, and load + ALN groups and the anterior cruciate ligament transection group.

Conclusion:

Dynamic axial mechanical loading or ALN in the early stages of knee trauma protected against OA by suppressing subchondral bone remodeling. However, late loading promoted cartilage degeneration in advanced OA, indicating that reduced loading should be performed in the late stages of OA to avoid the acceleration of OA.

Clinical Relevance:

Early low-level functional exercise or antiosteoporotic drugs could clearly slow or prevent the progression of early OA. For patients with mild to severe OA, loading reduction via brace protection or maintenance of joint stability via early ligament reconstruction surgery may ameliorate OA exacerbation.