bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Modeling Technological Regimes of Production Deformed Semi-Finished Products from Experimental Aluminium Alloys Alloyed by Scandium
Authors: Baranov Vladimir , Sidelnikov Sergey , Zenkin Evgeniy , Yakivyuk Olga
Published: March 2018

The combination of weldability, corrosion resistance and sufficient strength make it possible to use deformed semi-finished products from the Al-Mg system alloys for sheathing ships' hulls, in car, aircraft and rocket construction, as well as in other areas of industry. To increase the strength characteristics, it is promising to alloy them with small additives of metals such as titanium, zirconium, scandium, and others. In this paper, studies were carried out to obtain deformed semi-finished products (strips, rods and wires) from aluminum alloys in which the scandium content varied from 0.1 to 0.25%. For this purpose, various metal treatment conditions simulated in the laboratory of School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science in Siberian federal university. For the preparation of sheet semi-finished products regimes of hot and cold rolling of a cast billet simulated from a thickness of 40 mm to a thickness of 3 mm. For the preparation of sheet semi-finished products, the modes of hot and cold rolling of the cast billet from a thickness of 40 mm to a thickness of 1-3 mm have been modeled. To produce a welding wire with a size of 2×2 mm, a combined casting and rolling-extruding (CCRE) process was simulated to produce a 9 mm billet and its further rolling in square gauges. Rods with a diameter of 9 mm were produced on a combined processing unit, and wire on a rolling mill with a roll diameter of 130 mm. In accordance with the research program, the mechanical properties of hot-deformed, cold-deformed and annealed sheet semi-finished products were measured. Then the semi-finished products were welded together with the obtained wire and the quality and properties of the welded joint and their corrosion resistance were evaluated. Research results are currently used to develop industrial technologies for the production of sheets and plates from experimental alloys of the Al-Mg system doped with scandium.
S100A8/A9 Drives Neuroinflammatory Priming and Protects against Anxiety-like Behavior after Sepsis
Authors: Denstaedt Scott J. , Spencer-Segal Joanna L. , Newstead Michael W. , Laborc Klaudia , Zhao Anne P. , Hjelmaas Alexander , Zeng Xianying , Akil Huda , Standiford Theodore J. , Singer Benjamin H.
Published: March 2018

Sepsis commonly results in acute and chronic brain dysfunction, which dramatically increases the morbidity associated with this common disease. Chronic brain dysfunction in animal models of sepsis survival is linked to persistent neuroinflammation and expression of multiple cytokines. However, we have found previously that microglia predominantly upregulate the damage associated molecule S100A8/A9 after sepsis. In this article, we show that S100A8/A9 is increased in the brains of patients who died of sepsis and that S100A8 is expressed in astrocytes and myeloid cells. Using a mouse model of sepsis survival, we show that S100A8/A9 is persistently expressed in the brain after sepsis. S100A9 expression is necessary for recruitment of neutrophils to the brain and for priming production of reactive oxygen species and TNF-α secretion in microglia and macrophages. However, despite improving these indices of chronic inflammation, S100A9 deficiency results in worsened anxiety-like behavior 2 wk after sepsis. Taken together, these results indicate that S100A8/A9 contributes to several facets of neuroinflammation in sepsis survivor mice, including granulocyte recruitment and priming of microglial-reactive oxygen species and cytokine production, and that these processes may be protective against anxiety behavior in sepsis survivors.
Relative Contributions of B Cells and Dendritic Cells from Lupus-Prone Mice to CD4+ T Cell Polarization
Authors: Choi Seung-Chul , Xu Zhiwei , Li Wei , Yang Hong , Roopenian Derry C. , Morse Herbert C. , Morel Laurence
Published: March 2018

Mouse models of lupus have shown that multiple immune cell types contribute to autoimmune disease. This study sought to investigate the involvement of B cells and dendritic cells in supporting the expansion of inflammatory and regulatory CD4+ T cells that are critical for lupus pathogenesis. We used lupus-prone B6.NZM2410.Sle1.Sle2.Sle3 (TC) and congenic C57BL/6J (B6) control mice to investigate how the genetic predisposition of these two cell types controls the activity of normal B6 T cells. Using an allogeneic in vitro assay, we showed that TC B1-a and conventional B cells expanded Th17 cells significantly more than their B6 counterparts. This expansion was dependent on CD86 and IL-6 expression and mapped to the Sle1 lupus-susceptibility locus. In vivo, TC B cells promoted greater differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and follicular helper T cells than did B6 B cells, but they limited the expansion of Foxp3 regulatory CD4+ T cells to a greater extent than did B6 B cells. Finally, when normal B6 CD4+ T cells were introduced into Rag1−/− mice, TC myeloid/stromal cells caused their heightened activation, decreased Foxp3 regulatory CD4+ T cell differentiation, and increased renal infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells in comparison with B6 myeloid/stromal cells. The results show that B cells from lupus mice amplify inflammatory CD4+ T cells in a nonredundant manner with myeloid/stromal cells.
Rectal Leiomyoma, a Rare Entity
Authors: Sunkara Tagore , Then Eric Omar , Culliford Andrea , Gaduputi Vinaya
Published: March 2018

Rectal tumors are often encountered as an incidental finding on screening colonoscopy. As per the World Health Organization, they are categorized according to their histologic appearance. These include epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and lymphomas. Of interest, in our case, are mesenchymal tumors. These are sub-classified into leiomyomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Our case is a 33-year old male who was diagnosed with a rectal leiomyoma. The uncommon incidence and subsequent management of a rectal leiomyoma in a male, make this case worthy for literature review.
A middle-range model for improving quality of nursing education in Malawi
Authors: Bvumbwe Thokozani M. , Mtshali Ntombifikile G.
Published: March 2018

Background: Despite a global consensus that nurses and midwives constitute the majority and are a backbone of any country’s health workforce system, productive capacity of training institutions remains low and still needs more guidance. This study aimed at developing a middle-range model to guide efforts in nursing education improvements.Objective: To explore challenges facing nursing education in Malawi and to describe efforts that are being put in place to improve nursing education and the process of development of a model to improve nursing education in Malawi.Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive design. A panel discussion with eight nursing education and practice experts was conducted guided by core concepts derived from an analysis of research report from a national nursing education conference. Two focus group discussions during two quarterly review meetings engaged nurse educators, practitioners and clinical preceptors to fill gaps from data obtained from a panel discussion. A qualitative abductive analysis approach was used for the development of the model.Results: Transforming and scaling up of nursing education emerged as the main concept of the model with nursing education context, academic practice partnership, regulation, competent graduate and nursing workforce as sub concepts. Key main strategies in the model included curriculum reforms, regulation, transformative learning, provision of infrastructure and resources and capacity building.Conclusion: The model can be used to prioritise nursing education intervention aimed at improving quality of nursing education in Malawi and other similar settings.
Kerk en geloof in Holland in die stryd teen apartheid (1950–1980)
Authors: Wielenga Bob
Published: March 2018

No abstract available.
Empirical analysis of inbound open innovation and SMEs performance: Evidence from oil and gas industry
Authors: Akinwale Yusuf O.
Published: March 2018

Background: This article contributes to existing literature by examining the relationship between inbound open innovation and firms’ financial performance in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Aim: This article seeks to identify the factors of inbound open innovation and whether these factors influence the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Setting: This article examines 150 indigenous oil and gas SMEs in the upstream subsector of the Nigerian petroleum sector through a survey, using a questionnaire, conducted in 2015. Methods: The study applied the structural equation modelling (SEM) method. This method is used to test the relationships between the factors and to calculate the measurement errors in the hypotheses formulated. Results: The results show that technology scouting, vertical technology collaboration (VTC) and horizontal technology collaboration (HTC) positively and significantly contribute to inbound open innovation, which are thus significant in influencing the financial performance of SMEs. The size of technical staff and research and development (R&D) fund allocations also have a positive and significant correlation with the SMEs’ financial performance. Meanwhile, the age of SMEs is negative and not significant in influencing financial performance. Conclusion: The results suggest that inbound open innovation through scouting, HTC and VTC should therefore be encouraged among SMEs to boost their internal capabilities, which have hitherto enhanced their financial performance. The management members of each SME should continually consider collaboration with the external actors because they cannot singularly possess all the innovative skills required in the industry. Also, each firm should commit itself to allocate more funds to R&D and at the same time should hire those who have relevant production skills and train the existing ones in their firms.
Effect of Ethanol as an Adjuvant to Extended Curettage on Recurrence Rate of Unicameral Bone Cyst
Authors: Solooki Saeed , Mahdaviazad Hamideh , Vosoughi Amir Reza , Keikha Yaghoob , Pourabbas Babak , Hashemi Seyed Ali
Published: March 2018

Background: To assess the efficacy of ethanol as an adjuvant in the treatment of unicameral bone cyst (UBC). Materials and Methods: Surgically treated patients with UBC lesion were reviewed. Definite treatment of UBC lesions was conducted using a combined four-step alcohol-using approach, consisted of curettage, burring, ethanol 96%, and electrocauterization of the lesion, consecutively. Results: Twenty-one patients (mean age 14, range: 2–30, male 62%) were followed from 1 to 10 years. Among 18 cases, only one recurrence was seen in a 5-year-old boy with UBC of the left calcaneus. Conclusions: Using ethanol as an adjuvant may be a good choice for treatment of UBC lesions.
Pattern Recognition in Cattle Brand using Bag of Visual Words and Support Vector Machines Multi-Class
Authors: Silva Carlos , Welfer Daniel , Dornelles Cláudia
Published: March 2018

The recognition images of cattle brand in an automatic way is a necessity to governmental organs responsible for this activity. To help this process, this work presents a method that consists in using Bag of Visual Words for extracting of characteristics from images of cattle brand and Support Vector Machines Multi-Class for classification. This method consists of six stages: a) select database of images; b) extract points of interest (SURF); c) create vocabulary (K-means); d) create vector of image characteristics (visual words); e) train and sort images (SVM); f) evaluate the classification results. The accuracy of the method was tested on database of municipal city hall, where it achieved satisfactory results, reporting 86.02% of accuracy and 56.705 seconds of processing time, respectively.
From Imitation to Prediction, Data Compression vs Recurrent Neural Networks for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Laura Juan Andres , Masi Gabriel Omar , Argerich Luis
Published: March 2018

In recent studies Recurrent Neural Networks were used for generative processes and their surprising performance can be explained by their ability to create good predictions. In addition, Data Compression is also based on prediction. What the problem comes down to is whether a data compressor could be used to perform as well as recurrent neural networks in the natural language processing tasks of sentiment analysis and automatic text generation. If this is possible, then the problem comes down to determining if a compression algorithm is even more intelligent than a neural network in such tasks. In our journey, a fundamental difference between a Data Compression Algorithm and Recurrent Neural Networks has been discovered.
Exploring the impact of word embeddings for disjoint semisupervised Spanish verb sense disambiguation
Authors: Cardellino Cristian , Alonso Alemany Laura
Published: March 2018

This work explores the use of word embeddings as features for Spanish  verb sense disambiguation (VSD). This type of learning technique is named disjoint semisupervised learning: an unsupervised algorithm (i.e. the word embeddings) is trained on unlabeled data separately as a first step, and then its results are used by a supervised classifier. In this work we primarily focus on two aspects of VSD trained with unsupervised word representations. First, we show how the domain where the word embeddings are trained affects the performance of the supervised task. A specific domain can improve the results if this domain is shared with the domain of the supervised task, even if the word embeddings are trained with smaller corpora. Second, we show that the use of word embeddings can help the model generalize when compared to not using word embeddings. This means embeddings help by decreasing the model tendency to overfit.
A Qualitative Exploration of Nurses’ Information-Gathering Behaviors Prior to Decision Support Tool Design
Authors: Kennedy Betsy , Dietrich Mary S. , Mion Lorraine C. , Novak Laurie L. , Jeffery Alvin D.
Published: March 2018

Background: Large and readily-available clinical datasets combined with improved computational resources have permitted the exploration of many new research and clinical questions. Predictive analytics, especially for adverse events, has surfaced as one promising application of big data, and although statistical results can be highly accurate, little is known about how nurses perceive this new information and how they might act upon it. Objectives: Within the context of recognizing patients at risk for cardiopulmonary arrest, this study explored the possibility of incorporating predictive analytics into clinical workflows by identifying nurses’ current information gathering activities and perceptions of probability-related terms. Methods: We used a qualitative description approach for data collection and analysis in order to understand participants’ information gathering behaviors and term perceptions in their own words. We conducted one-on-one interviews and a focus group with a total of 10 direct care bedside nurses and 8 charge nurses. Results: Participants collected information from many sources that we categorized as: Patient, Other People, and Technology. The process by which they gathered information was conducted in an inconsistent order and differed by role. Major themes comprised: (a) attempts to find information from additional sources during uncertainty, (b) always being prepared for the worst-case scenario, and (c) the desire to review more detailed predictions. Use of the words probability, risk, and uncertainty were inconsistent. Conclusions: In an effort to successfully incorporate predictive analytics into clinical workflows, we have described nurses’ perceived work practices for gathering information related to clinical deterioration and nurses’ beliefs related to probability-based information. Findings from our study could guide design and implementation efforts of predictive analytics in the clinical arena.

Jeffery AD, Kennedy B, Dietrich MS, Mion LC, Novak LL. A Qualitative Exploration of Nurses’ Information-Gathering Behaviors Prior to Decision Support Tool Design. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 763–778 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-02-RA-0033
Comparison of secure messaging application (WhatsApp) and standard telephone usage for consultations on Length of Stay in the ED
Authors: Lok Ugur , Gulacti Umut
Published: March 2018

Objective: Consultation, the process of an Emergency Physician seeking an opinion from other specialties, occurs frequently in the Emergency Department (ED). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of secure messaging application (WhatsApp) usage for medical consultations on Emergency Department Length of Stay (ED LOS) and consult time. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial in the ED using allocation concealment over three months. Consultations requested in the ED were allocated into two groups: consultations requested via the secure messaging application and consultations requested by telephone as verbal. Results: A total of 439 consultations requested in the ED were assessed for eligibility and 345 were included in the final analysis: 173 consultations were conducted using secure messaging application and 172 consultations were conducted using standard telephone communications. The median ED LOS was 240 minutes (IQR:230-270, 95% CI:240 to 255.2) for patients in the secure messaging application group and 277 minutes (IQR:270-287.8, 95% CI:277 to 279) for patients in the telephone group. The median total ED LOS was significantly lower among consults conducted using Secure messaging application relative to consults conducted by telephone (median dif: -30, 95%CI:–37to-25, p<0.0001). The median consult time was 158 minutes (IQR:133 to 177.25, 95% CI:150 to 169) for patients in the Secure messaging application group and 170 minutes (IQR:165 to 188.5, 95% CI:170-171) for patients in the Telephone group (median dif: –12, 95%CI:-19 to-7,p<0.0001). Consultations completed without ED arrival was 61.8% in the secure messaging group and 33.1% in the Telephone group (dif: 28.7, 95% CI:48.3 to 66, p<0.001). Conclusions: Use of secure messaging application for consultations in the ED reduces the total ED LOS and consultation time. Consultation with secure messaging application eliminated more than half of in-person ED consultation visits.

Gulacti U, Lok U. Comparison of secure messaging application (WhatsApp) and standard telephone usage for consultations on Length of Stay in the ED. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 742–753 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-04-RA-0064
Sensory-Based Approaches in Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Influences on Occupational Therapists’ Recommendations and Perceived Benefits
Authors: Thompson-Hodgetts Sandra , Magill-Evans Joyce
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE. We investigated factors that influenced occupational therapists’ beliefs about and use of sensory-based approaches for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

METHOD. Occupational therapists working with children with ASD (N = 211 from 16 countries) completed an online survey addressing their work experience, training, use of sensory-based approaches, and beliefs and perceptions about the effects of the approaches. Linear regression was used to determine predictors of use of and beliefs about sensory-based approaches.

RESULTS. Most respondents (98%) used sensory-based approaches for children with ASD and would recommend the approaches for 57% of the children they treated. Having a mentor who promoted sensory-based approaches and practicing outside North America and Australia predicted greater use and perceived effectiveness of these approaches. Less than 5 yr of occupational therapy experience predicted less use of the approaches.

CONCLUSION. Respondents selectively used sensory-based approaches for children with ASD and were influenced by country of residence, clinical experience, and mentorship.
Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) yields from NO3 radical
+ isoprene based on nighttime aircraft power plant plume
transects
Authors: Fry Juliane L. , Brown Steven S. , Middlebrook Ann M. , Edwards Peter M. , Campuzano-Jost Pedro , Day Douglas A. , Jimenez José L. , Allen Hannah M. , Ryerson Thomas B. , Pollack Ilana , Graus Martin , Warneke Carsten , de Gouw Joost A. , Brock Charles A. , Gilman Jessica , Lerner Brian M. , Dubé William P. , Liao Jin , Welti André
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Nighttime reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) has been proposed as a potentially important but also highly uncertain source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The southeast United States has both high BVOC and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, resulting in a large model-predicted NO3-BVOC source of SOA. Coal-fired power plants in this region constitute substantial NOx emissions point sources into a nighttime atmosphere characterized by high regionally widespread concentrations of isoprene. In this paper, we exploit nighttime aircraft observations of these power plant plumes, in which NO3 radicals rapidly remove isoprene, to obtain field-based estimates of the secondary organic aerosol yield from NO3 + isoprene. Observed in-plume increases in nitrate aerosol are consistent with organic nitrate aerosol production from NO3 + isoprene, and these are used to determine molar SOA yields, for which the average over 9 plumes is 9 %. Corresponding mass yields depend on the assumed molecular formula for isoprene-NO3-SOA, but the average over 9 plumes is 27 %, larger than those previously measured in chamber studies (12–14 % after oxidation of both double bonds). Yields are larger for longer plume ages. This suggests that ambient aging processes lead more effectively to condensable material than typical chamber conditions allow. We discuss potential mechanistic explanations for this difference, including ambient peroxy radical lifetimes and heterogeneous reactions of NO3-isoprene gas phase products. Future studies of aerosol composition from NO3 radical + isoprene are needed to better understand the oxidation chemistry producing this potentially important coupled anthropogenic – biogenic source of SOA.
Role of the North Atlantic circulation in the mid-Pleistocene transition
Authors: Martin-Garcia Gloria M. , Sierro Francisco J. , Flores José A. , Abrantes Fátima
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The southwestern Iberian margin is highly sensitive to changes in the distribution of North Atlantic currents, and to the position of oceanic fronts. In this work, the evolution of oceanographic parameters from 812 to 530 ka (MIS20-MIS14) is reconstructed, based on the analysis of planktonic foraminifer assemblages from site IODP-U1385 (37°34.285' N, 10°7.562' W; 2585 m bsl). By comparing the obtained results with published records from other North Atlantic sites between 41 and 55° N, basin-wide paleoceanographic conditions are reconstructed. Variations of assemblages dwelling in different water masses indicate a major change in the general North Atlantic circulation during MIS16, coinciding with the definite establishment of the 100-ky cyclicity associated to the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. In surface, this change consisted in the re-distribution of water masses, with the subsequent thermal variation, and occurred linked to the northwestward migration of the Arctic Front (AF) and the increase in the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. During glacials prior to MIS 16, the NADW formation was very weak, which drastically slowed down the surface circulation; the AF was at a southerly position and the North Atlantic Current (NAC) diverted southeastwards, developing steep south-north, and east-west, thermal gradients and blockading the arrival of warm water, with associated moisture, to high latitudes. During MIS16, the important increase in the meridional overturning circulation, in combination with the north-westward AF shift, allowed the arrival of the NAC to subpolar latitudes, multiplying the moisture availability for ice-sheets growth, which worked as a positive feedback to prolong the glacials towards 100-ky cycles.
Recent Changes to the Hydrological Cycle of an Arctic basin at the Tundra-Taiga Transition
Authors: Krogh Sebastian A. , Pomeroy John W.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The impact of observed changes in climate and vegetation on the hydrology of Arctic basins is often considered to be most sensitive at the tundra-taiga transition where the region is warmest and sub-arctic vegetation is nearest. This study uses weather and land cover observations and a cold regions hydrological model to investigate historical changes in modelled hydrological processes driving the streamflow response of a small Arctic permafrost-underlain basin at the tundra-taiga transition. The physical processes found in this environment and explicit changes in vegetation type and density were simulated and validated against observations of streamflow discharge, snow water equivalent and active layer thickness. Mean air temperature and all-wave irradiance have increased by 3.7 °C and 8.4 W m−2, respectively, while precipitation has decreased from 369 to 321 mm since 1960. Two modelling scenarios were created to separate the effects of changing climate and vegetation on hydrological processes. Results show that over 1960–2016 most hydrological changes were driven by climate changes, such as decreasing snowfall by 7.8 mm decade−1, deepening active layer thickness by 1.8–4.2 cm decade−1, earlier snowcover depletion and ground thaw initiation dates from 1.5 to 3 and by 1 to 3 days decade−1, respectively, and diminishing annual sublimation and soil moisture by 1.3 and 5.9 mm decade−1, respectively. Evapotranspiration decreased by 2.5 mm decade−1, due to decreasing irradiance and soil moisture. Shrub expansion and densification decreases blowing snow redistribution by 20 to 40 mm and sublimation by 1 to 10 mm. Streamflow dropped by 40 mm as a response to the 48 mm decrease in precipitation, suggesting a small degree of hydrological resiliency. These results represent the first detailed estimate of hydrological changes occurring in small Arctic basins, and can be used as a reference to inform other studies of Arctic climate change impacts.
The influence of subducting slab advance and erosion on overriding plate deformation in orogen syntaxes
Authors: Nettesheim Matthias , Ehlers Todd A. , Whipp David M. , Koptev Alexander
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Focused, rapid exhumation of rocks is observed at some plate corners, but the driving mechanisms remain poorly understood and contested. In this study, we use a fully coupled thermo-mechanical numerical model to investigate the effect of slab advance and different erosion scenarios on overriding plate deformation. The subducting slab in the model is curved in 3D, analogous to the indenter geometry observed in seismic studies. We find that the amount of slab advance dramatically changes the orientation of major shear zones in the upper plate and the location of rock uplift zones. Shear along the subduction interface facilitates the formation of a basal detachment situated above the indenter, causing localized rock uplift there. Switching from flat (total erosion) to more realistic fluvial erosion leads to variation of rock uplift on the catchment-scale. Here, deepest exhumation again occurred above the indenter apex. We conclude that the change in orientation and dip angle set by the indenter geometry facilitates creation of localized uplift regions as long as subduction of the down-going plate is active. Tectonic uplift is modulated on even smaller scales by lithostatic pressure from the overburden of the growing orogen, and highest rock uplift can occur when a strong tectonic uplift field spatially coincides with large erosion potential. This implies that both the geometry of the subducting plate and the geomorphic and climatic conditions are important for the creation of focused, rapid exhumation.
Assessment of Arctic sea ice simulations in CMIP5 models
Authors: Wu Liping , Yang Xiao-Yi , Hu Jianyu
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The Arctic sea ice cover has experienced an unprecedented decline since the late 20th century. As a result, the feedback of sea ice anomalies to atmospheric circulation has been increasingly evidenced. While the climate models almost consistently reproduce the downward trend of sea ice cover, great dispersion between them still exists. To evaluate the model performance in simulating Arctic sea ice and its potential role in climate change, we constructed a reasonable metric by synthesizing the linear trends and anomalies of the sea ice. We particularly focus on the Barents and Kara seas, where the sea ice anomalies have the greatest potential to feedback the atmosphere. Models can be grouped into three categories according to this criterion. The strong contrast among the multi-model ensemble means in different groups demonstrates the robustness and rationality of this method. The potential factors accounting for the different performance of climate models are further explored. The result shows that the model performance depends more on the ozone datasets prescribed by model rather than on the chemistry representation of ozone.
La distinción analítico/sintético en el argumento de René Descartes contra la idea de Espacio
Authors: León de la Vega Jorge
Published: March 2018

Conocido con el nombre de argumento contra el vacío, el silogismo presente en Los Principios de la Filosofía de René Descartes (1644) es en realidad un argumento contra toda forma de espacio continuo. Aquí lo estudiaremos desde el punto de vista de la Lógica, con el propósito de revelar su petición de principio en relación con los juicios idénticos. De esta forma, a raíz de una revisión de las principales fuentes históricas de donde Kant obtiene su famosa división de los juicios en analíticos y sintéticos, estaremos en disposición de comprender el mejor método para discernir entre ellos y demostrar la necesaria subdivisión a establecer en el interior de los juicios analíticos.
FDI and Global Economic Growth: Insights from Developed and Developing Nations
Authors: Sikarwar Tarika , Bhadoria Pallavi , Khandelwal Deepak
Published: March 2018

With the integration of FDI and financial development through the global economic growth and its implication .the exploration of financial development interdependency of FDI has become profoundly important among different countries like developed countries and developing countries. In these different countries they used various relationships for that they found the result like if the result is positive result then there is good economic condition and if there is negative effect then there is not good condition in economic point of view. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between FDI and economic development of different countries under study.
The Costing Systems in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: Do They Need to Be Modified?
Authors: Alshamlan Hanadi Mohammed , Zverovich Svetlana
Published: March 2018

Since most costing system studies concentrate on the manufacturing industry, the costing systems in Saudi Arabian hospitals are an important area to be investigated given a current lack of focus in this field. In this context, this article highlights the cost systems in 50 Saudi Arabian hospitals in both the public and private sectors. The participants in the study were asked about the costing systems used and which one they would prefer to use, along with the factors influencing ABC adoption. The main findings show that only 28% (14) of the surveyed hospitals adopt ABC. The adoption of ABC was much higher in public hospitals than private hospitals. In addition, general hospitals considered using ABC more often than specialised hospitals. There were some variables which could affect the ABC adoption, such as the education and qualifications of the accounting and management staff, the level of overhead costs and the size of hospitals. The greatest benefit of ABC adoption, which is agreed to by the participants, was the improvement in the quality of service. On the other hand, the participants also agreed that the biggest challenge of ABC adoption was the lack of staff expertise.
Impact of E-Recruitment on Effectiveness of HR Department in Private Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Malik Muhammad Shaukat , Mujtaba Muhammad Assad ul
Published: March 2018

Human Resource (HR) department is one of the most vital departments in any modern organization. Many research studies until date have concluded that HR department plays an important role in the success of any organization. Amongst the various activities, which an HR department expected to conduct, Recruitment holds special importance, as it is concerned with ‘bringing people into the organization’. This research paper aims at exploring the impact of latest technological developments (especially the concept of E-Recruitment) in the context of recruitment and how it has facilitated the modern day HR managers. Private Sector is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of Pakistan and it is generally believed that the private companies operative in Pakistan have well established HR departments that tend to utilize modern technology to assist them with the recruitment activities. Thus, it is only logical to assess the effectiveness of this technology through the example of private sector of Pakistan.  This is a causal research. Causal research is conducted in order to identify the extent and nature of cause-and-effect relationships. Causal research is quantitative in nature as well as preplanned and structured in design like descriptive research. Data collected from the HR professionals, like Head of HR, HR mangers, Deputy & Assistant HR managers, HR Executive, and HR coordinators of private companies located in Multan, Lahore, Faisalabad, Quetta and Islamabad through questionnaires. Statistical tests like, descriptive analysis, sample adequacy, normality, reliability   correlations, regression test were used to generate the results of analysis, because the purpose is to find the impact of E-recruitment on effectiveness of HR Departments.The result has proved that E-recruitment has significant impact on effectiveness of HR Department in private sector of Pakistan.
Two Forms of Abolitionism and the Political Rights of Animals: A Case Study
Authors: Stepanenko Walter Scott
Published: March 2018

Political theorists advocating the abolition of instrumental uses of groups of animals are divided with respect to how they evaluate welfare reforms. Radical abolitionists maintain that welfare reforms are only dubiously described as moral improvements while pragmatic abolitionists maintain that welfare reforms are moral improvements, even if the conditions they permit are unjust. This article examines Wyckoff’s interest model against the case of a Cincinnati coalition’s efforts to reform the local food chain. This article argues that the coalition’s program of choice is a welfare reform and that the interest model must evaluate the program as a moral improvement. This article concludes that if the interest model is the most appropriate political theory of animal rights, pragmatic abolitionism is philosophically more appropriate than radical abolitionism.
Discussions of Animal Research Ethics in Introductory Psychology Textbooks
Authors: Lopresti-Goodman Stacy M. , Goodman Justin R.
Published: March 2018

Research ethics is a core component of undergraduate psychology curricula, typically first encountered in introductory textbooks. Previous analyses of introductory textbooks focused on human research ethics. Given growing concerns about animal research—particularly among college students—we analyzed discussions of animal research ethics in 18 introductory psychology textbooks. Our results revealed that while most textbooks address this topic, defenses of animal use and mentions of oversight account for a majority of content, while discussions of ethics were lacking. We discuss implications of these results and suggest improvements for engaging students to think critically about animal research ethics.
Do Animals Have a Bad Life?
Authors: Hauskeller Michael
Published: March 2018

It has been argued that, due to our commitment to distributive justice and fairness, we have a moral obligation toward animals to enhance, or “uplift,” them to quasihuman status, so that they, too, can enjoy all the intellectual, social, and cultural goods that humans are capable of enjoying. In this article, I look at the underlying assumption that the life of an animal can never be as good as that of a human (can be), not because of any external circumstances that may be changed, but simply because of the restrictions imposed on him by his animal nature. This assumption is only plausible if there are objective goods that animals have no access to. Yet even if there are objective goods, they are best understood as species-relative, so that each kind of animal has its own set of goods, which are determined by its specific nature. It follows that we have no moral obligation to uplift animals on the grounds that their life is necessarily worse than ours.
The Legal Lacunae of Human-Animal Hybrids and Chimeras within Patent Law
Authors: O’Sullivan Maureen
Published: March 2018

This article compares and contrasts the patenting of animals, humans, and biotechnological inventions in the United States, at the European Patent Office, and within the European Union. It shows that morality is not a concern of U.S. legislative instruments or courts and patents have been granted liberally on living organisms, from microorganisms to mammals, in North America since the 1980s. By way of contrast, both European legislative instruments enshrine a morality bar that must be employed to deny patentability. Their implementation, however, is unpredictable due to a lack of detailed guidance on what morality means. The remit of the morality bar extends principally to humans, but the interests of animals must now also be factored into the equation. The manner in which this is done is unclear and patents on plants, although controversial among the public in general, do not unduly trouble lawmakers now that a significant time has elapsed since this Rubicon was crossed. This article explains and critically assesses these systems while identifying some of the ethical problems that are likely to emerge in due course focusing on the ad hoc regard paid to animals and the lack of a structured approach to considering their rights or welfare.
The Ethics of Killing “Surplus” Zoo Animals
Authors: Gunasekera Crystal Allen
Published: March 2018

As zoos have developed more successful captive breeding programs, they now face a question of what to do about “surplus” animals. One strategy used by European zoos in recent years has been to allow animals to breed freely, then kill unwanted offspring. I argue that this strategy wrongs the animals in question and that the justifications that have been offered for the practice are inadequate. I provide background on the practice, discuss the moral status of animals and potential grounds for the prima facie duty not to kill, and then examine and ultimately dismiss justifications for killing in this case.
Microbial fertilizers: A comprehensive review of current findings and future perspectives
Authors: Stamenković Sandra , Beškoski Vladimir , Karabegović Ivana , Lazić Miodrag , Nikolić Nada
Published: March 2018

Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are an important group of microbial inoculants, which exist in rhizosphere and have the ability to inhabit the root of the plants and improve their development. Their positive influence is achieved through solubilization of phosphorus, nitrogen fixation, production of plant nutrients and phytohormones, protection from pathogens and recovery from stressful environmental conditions. This is the main reason for the increasing usage of many PGPMs which formulations are commonly known as microbial fertilizers. Microbial fertilizers represent an attractive replacement for chemical fertilizers that are polluting the environment. They are used to increase the crop yield in an eco-friendly way while relying on sustainable agriculture principles. The biggest problem nowadays is the very poor quality of such products, which results in the lack of confidence and makes commercialization much more difficult. In order to increase production and hence the commercialization of microbial fertilizers, desired quality and stability should be achieved. For this reason, many researches are done in this particular field. In order to develop an optimal product, it is important to know and understand the process, including the physiology of bacteria and plants, mass multiplication technological processes as well as the existing formulation and the specific effect on the desired plant. For this purpose, the aim of this review is to indicate the significance of microbial fertilizers and their beneficial effects on the plants, as well as to give a brief survey of the different aspects of production processes with a special emphasis on mass multiplication.
Vergeten religie in Nederland
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben
Published: March 2018

The Rediscovery of Forgotten Aspects of Religion in the Public Debate

Appeals to religion in the public domain, in particular by politicians, prove to be controversial. This is good news, given that the ensuing debate usually uncovers forgotten aspects of religious traditions. Using three cases from the Dutch political discourse, to wit: the appeal to ‘Jewish Christian’ tradition, the claim that Jewish Christian tradition has been of key emancipatory value, and the identification of immigrants as religious, and applying Aleida Assmann’s theory about the dynamics of forgetting (and remembrance), the paper demonstrates that in each of these cases, the public debates surrounding these instances of references to religion and their rhetorical use, were instrumental in uncovering ‘forgotten’ aspects of religion that had disappeared from the ‘memory’ of the political discourse.
Preceptoria na Residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade da Universidade de São Paulo: políticas e experiências
Authors: Garcia Ana Paiva , Cadioli Luiza Magalhães , Lopes Júnior Ademir , Gusso Gustavo , Valladão Júnior José Benedito Ramos
Published: March 2018

Introdução: A atividade de preceptoria dentro da formação médica tem sido globalmente estabelecida como modelo para o processo docente na área e existem diversas formas e experiências de organização. O Programa de Residência Médica (PRM) em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) apresenta um modelo de preceptoria incomum, composto por preceptores do programa de residência médica e por preceptores dos residentes (tutores), cada um com especificidades próprias e complementares. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo neste relato de experiência foi compartilhar as políticas institucionais e experiências de preceptoria em nosso programa de residência médica, bem como apontar as múltiplas adversidades existentes e possíveis formas de enfrentamento. Resultados: Atingir o nível de excelência no desenvolvimento das competências necessárias para a formação do especialista em MFC, em situações adversas de valorização da especialidade e do corpo docente, é uma tarefa árdua. Neste difícil desafio de conduzir o PRM e garantir o desenvolvimento das competências almejadas com qualidade, o papel do preceptor do programa de residência médica e do preceptor do residente (tutor) são fundamentais. Conclusão: Frente aos desafios apontados, observa-se grande desgaste dos tutores, que voluntariamente desempenham as atividades de ensino mesmo atuando em sobrecarga assistencial. A falta de reconhecimento, escasso apoio institucional e da gestão administrativa são fatores que oferecem obstáculos ao melhor desenvolvimento e ampliação do programa de residência.
Competências e Atividades Profissionais Confiáveis: novos paradigmas na elaboração de uma Matriz Curricular para Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade
Authors: Borges Costa Lourrany , Esteche Frederico Fernando , Fernandes Augusto Filho Rômulo , Benevides Bomfim André Luís , Aguiar Mourão Ribeiro Marco Túlio
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão na literatura sobre Currículo Baseado em Competências que possa subsidiar a elaboração de uma Matriz para Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Métodos: Foi realizada revisão de literatura sobre o referencial teórico do ensino baseado em competências, selecionando artigos, diretrizes, documentos e modelos de currículos de escolas médicas e entidades nacionais e internacionais envolvidas com o ensino médico. Resultados: A revisão de literatura evidenciou dois principais modelos de currículo repetidamente citados nas referências consultadas: ACGME (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) Milestones e CanMEDS (Canadian Medical Education Directions for Specialists) Framework. O Currículo Baseado em Competências enfatiza o ensino centrado no aluno e utiliza abordagem baseada em resultados para a criação, implementação e avaliação de programas de educação médica, usando uma estrutura organizacional de competências mapeadas com atividades profissionais confiáveis, na forma de uma matriz. A avaliação é feita por meio de desempenho e resultados graduados em marcos de desenvolvimento. Para fins de elaboração de Matriz curricular própria, optou-se como modelo e referência a proposta do CanMEDS 2015 por este ser aprovado por 12 organizações médicas canadenses e atualmente usado como base curricular em dezenas de países, sendo o modelo mais amplamente aplicado no mundo. Conclusão: Espera-se que esta revisão sirva de ferramenta para que também outras Instituições de Ensino e seus respectivos Programas de Residência possam desenvolver seus próprios Currículos Baseados em Competências.