bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic expression and stratigraphic preservation of a coastal plain fluvial channel belt and floodplain channels on the Gulf of Mexico inner continental shelf
Authors: Speed Cole M. , Swartz John M. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Goff John A.
Published: September 2022

Subsurface fluvial deposits in coastline‐proximal settings record the spatiotemporal evolution of the coastal landscape and may be viable repositories of sediment for future coastal restoration projects. However, quantitative linkages between the geomorphic form and stratigraphic expression of coastal plain fluvial elements remain lacking, complicating coastal stratigraphic interpretations and subsurface resource assessment. This study explores the expression and preservation of fluvial coastal plain geomorphic features through outcrop‐scale seismic stratigraphic analysis of ultra‐high‐resolution chirp acoustic reflection data from the north‐western Gulf of Mexico inner continental shelf, offshore the Brazos River, Texas, USA. The chirp data exhibit decimetre‐scale vertical resolution within the upper 35 m of the shelf, evincing the preservation of two distinct types of coexisting fluvial channel‐forms: Type 1, a 1 km wide and 9 m deep single‐storey channel belt filled with sand‐rich lateral accretion deposits and channel fills; and Type 2, numerous 10 to 800 m wide and 1 to 20 m deep incisional floodplain channels filled with extensive drapes of overbank‐derived sediments. The chirp data resolve fluvial geomorphic elements including lateral accretion surfaces, levées, floodplain deposits and abandoned channel fills. Rollover of lateral accretion surfaces, widespread draping of seismic reflectors within channel fills, and quantitative comparison between the interpreted stratigraphic forms and analogous features on the nearby Texas Coastal Plain suggest near‐complete stratigraphic preservation of the geomorphic form of both channel belt and floodplain channel elements. Rapid aggradation of the coastal plain by the Brazos River in this region during the Holocene transgression is hypothesized as a mechanism for the high degree of preservation achieved. This study proposes the first recognition criteria for the seismic stratigraphic expression of coastal floodplain channels and provides direct linkages between the geomorphic and stratigraphic expression of a coastal plain fluvial landscape, promoting improved coastal stratigraphic interpretations and assessment of subsurface lithofacies distributions.
A note on Etchemendy's and Prawitz's reduction principles for the Tarskian and model‐theoretic concept of consequence
Authors: Piccolomini d'Aragona Antonio
Published: September 2022

One of Etchemendy's arguments against the Tarskian and model‐theoretic notion of logical truth is based on a reduction principle according to which a universally quantified sentence is true if, and only if, all of its instances are logically true. The reduction of logical truth to mere truth reveals that the concept of validity at play in Tarski and in model‐theory relies upon extra‐logical assumptions. A similar reduction had already been put forward by Prawitz, although not with focus on extra‐logical assumptions. Prawitz's reduction concerns rather the possibility of understanding the Tarskian and model‐theoretic approach as implying any epistemic modality. We take into account a possible strategy that an advocate of Tarski and model‐theory may use against Etchemendy's objection, and argue that this strategy fails with respect to Prawitz's criticism. This permits us to shed light upon a difference between Prawitz's and Etchemendy's standpoints: while Etchemendy's reduction shows that the Tarskian and model‐theoretic notion of logical truth cannot be understood as an adequate formal counterpart of truth‐preservation solely by virtue of logical form, Prawitz's reduction insists on the fact that truth‐preservation solely by virtue of logical form is insufficient for epistemic modality to obtain.
Blood transfusion is associated with increased mortality for neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Authors: Yang Yu , Gowda Sharada H. , Hagan Joseph L. , Hensch Lisa , Teruya Jun , Fernandes Caraciolo J. , Hui Shiu‐Ki R.
Published: September 2022

Background and Objectives

Blood transfusion is frequently needed to maintain adequate haemostasis and improve oxygenation for patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). It is more so for neonates with immature coagulation systems who require surgical intervention such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair. There is growing evidence suggesting an association between blood transfusions and increased mortality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of blood transfusions during the peri‐operative period of CDH repair, among other clinical parameters, with mortality in neonates undergoing on‐ECMO CDH repair.

Materials and Methods

We performed a single centre retrospective chart review of all neonates with CDH undergoing on‐ECMO surgical repair from January 2010 to December 2020. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations with survival status.

Results

Sixty‐two patients met the inclusion criteria. Platelet transfusions (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.90) in the post‐operative period and ECMO duration (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05–1.30) were associated with increased mortality. Major bleeding complications had the strongest association with mortality (OR 10.98, 95% CI: 3.27–36.91). Gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, sex, blood type, right versus left CDH, venovenous versus venoarterial ECMO and duration of ECMO before CDH repair and circuit change after adjusting for ECMO duration were not significantly associated with survival.

Conclusion

Platelet transfusion in the post‐operative period and major bleeding are associated with increased mortality in CDH neonates with surgical repair. The data suggest a need to develop robust plans for monitoring and preventing coagulation aberrancies during neonatal ECMO support.
Reconstruction of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon with a fascia lata autograft in two dogs with carpal hyperextension
Authors: Tani Yuichiro
Published: September 2022

Objective

To describe the outcome of two dogs treated with fascia lata autografts to repair carpal hyperextension caused by flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) tendon injury.

Animals

Two dogs with traumatic carpal hyperextension.

Study design

Case report.

Methods

Radiographic abnormalities were detected in the antebrachiocarpal joint of each dog. Damage to the FCU tendon were located at the ulnar head on ultrasonographic and intraoperative examinations. Each injured tendon was reconstructed with a fascia lata graft. The radius and metacarpal bones were immobilized by a type I external skeletal fixation for 6 weeks.

Results

No difference was detected between the operated and contralateral limbs on postoperative examination, including range of motion, and angles of the carpus during standing or extension stress. No recurrence of carpal hyperextension was observed over 36 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Carpal hyperextension was successfully treated by primary repair of the damaged area and reinforcement with fascia lata and maintained long‐term joint mobility in two dogs.
Revising the JBI quantitative critical appraisal tools to improve their applicability: an overview of methods and the development process
Authors: Barker Timothy Hugh , Stone Jennifer C. , Sears Kim , Klugar Miloslav , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Tufanaru Catalin , Aromataris Edoardo , Munn Zachary
Published: September 2022

JBI offers a suite of critical appraisal instruments that are freely available to systematic reviewers and researchers investigating the methodological limitations of primary research studies. The JBI instruments are designed to be study-specific and are presented as questions in a checklist. The JBI instruments have existed in a checklist-style format for approximately 20 years; however, as the field of research synthesis expands, many of the tools offered by JBI have become outdated. The JBI critical appraisal tools for quantitative studies (eg, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies) must be updated to reflect the current methodologies in this field. Cognizant of this and the recent developments in risk-of-bias science, the JBI Effectiveness Methodology Group was tasked with updating the current quantitative critical appraisal instruments. This paper details the methods and rationale that the JBI Effectiveness Methodology Group followed when updating the JBI critical appraisal instruments for quantitative study designs. We detail the key changes made to the tools and highlight how these changes reflect current methodological developments in this field.
Phantoms for ultrasound-guided vascular access cannulation training: a narrative review
Authors: García-Carpintero Eva , Naredo Esperanza , Vélez-Vélez Esperanza , Fuensalida Gema , Ortiz-Miluy Gloria , Gómez-Moreno Cristina
Published: September 2022

The objective of this paper is to review and compare the different commercial and homemade models of ultrasound-guided vascular cannulation phantoms, as well as the methods used for the elaboration of the latter. There are a variety of simulators for ultrasound-guided puncture techniques, from simple homemade phantoms to the most sophisticated and expensive virtual reality simulators. Commercial-grade ultrasound phantoms are expensive and although they are reusable, their cost can be a barrier to simulation-based training. Homemade phantoms are a cost-effective, highly useful tool for teaching vascular access using ultrasound. For the elaboration of the homemade ones, different substances and elements are usually used to produce varied echogenicities and geometries. Specifically, animal-based ones provide more realistic tissue feedback and have a back-ground echogenicity that is closer to that of human tissue. A powerful alternative is the use of poly vinyl alcohol or modified mixtures of this material, which would be better suited to cannulation simulation with high functional fidelity.
Selective growth of graphene films on gallium-focused ion beam irradiated domains
Authors: Gierak Jacques , Raynaud Gilles , Guiziou Caroline , Coudevylle Jean René , Madouri Ali , Bruchhaus Lars , Nadzeyka Achim , Whittman Björn , Jede Ralf , David Christophe , Girard Jean Christophe
Published: September 2022

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice to form a two-dimensional lattice, is a very interesting material with promising electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical applicative potential [Geim and Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 6, 183 (2007)]. The properties of graphene make it suitable for a wide range of applications; however, its applicative future still depends on large scale technologies capable to robustly and reproducibly transfer its outstanding intrinsic properties into devices or complex structures. It must be recognized that a crucial technological problem, that still inhibits the applicability of high quality graphene material properties, is related to the patterning of this material using traditional top down instruments and lithographical methods. In this work, we will detail our investigations on applying a precise 30 keV Ga+ ion irradiation to selectively shape and modify a copper precursor surface for promoting the local growth of graphene surface domains. The morphology of these domains is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy to probe simultaneously the structural and the electronic properties at the atomic scale of the graphene films.
Sex and Gender Differences in Bacterial Infections
Authors: Dias Sara P. , Brouwer Matthijs C. , van de Beek Diederik
Published: September 2022

There is a growing awareness of the importance of sex and gender in medicine and research. Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens than men, resulting in sex-based differences in autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
The Spike-Stabilizing D614G Mutation Interacts with S1/S2 Cleavage Site Mutations To Promote the Infectious Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Variants
Authors: Gellenoncourt Stacy , Saunders Nell , Robinot Rémy , Auguste Lucas , Rajah Maaran Michael , Kervevan Jérôme , Jeger-Madiot Raphaël , Staropoli Isabelle , Planchais Cyril , Mouquet Hugo , Buchrieser Julian , Schwartz Olivier , Chakrabarti Lisa A.
Published: September 2022

The first SARS-CoV-2 variant that spread worldwide in early 2020 carried a D614G mutation in the viral spike, making this protein more stable in its cleaved form at the surface of virions. The Alpha and Delta variants, which spread in late 2020 and early 2021, respectively, proved increasingly transmissible and pathogenic compared to the original strain.
High Glucose and Carbonyl Stress Impair HIF-1-Regulated Responses and the Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macrophages
Authors: Terán Graciela , Li Hanxiong , Catrina Sergiu-Bogdan , Liu Ruining , Brighenti Susanna , Zheng Xiaowei , Grünler Jakob , Nylén Susanne , Carow Berit , Rottenberg Martin E.
Published: September 2022

People living with diabetes who are also infected with
M. tuberculosis
are more likely to develop tuberculosis disease (TB). Why diabetic patients have an increased risk for developing TB is not well understood.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KNU-28 Isolated from Peach Leaves (Prunus Persica [L.] Batsch)
Authors: Kim Min-Ji , Park TaeHyung , Jeong Minsoo , Lee GyuDae , Jung Da-Ryung , Shin Jae-Ho
Published: September 2022

This study presented the complete genome sequence of
B. amyloliquefaciens
KNU-28 isolated from the leaves of the peach (
Prunus persica
[L.] Batsch). The genome of this strain comprised one chromosome with 4,238,926 bp and 45.9% of GC content.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae KALRO-LC1 Strain Isolated from a Mastitis-Infected Camel in Laikipia County, Kenya
Authors: Murungi Edwin , Masila Ednah , Ogali Irene , Langat Nathan , Onywera Ruth , Malonza Vincent , Inguyesi Christine , Onyambu Frank , Wesonga Hezron , Maichomo Monicah
Published: September 2022

We report the draft genome sequence of
Streptococcus agalactiae
KALRO-LC1 strain obtained from a mastitis-infected camel in Laikipia County, Kenya. The 2,201,604-bp draft genome is assembled into 3 contigs with a GC content of 35.87% and is predicted to contain 1,192 protein-coding sequences.
Complete Genome Sequence of Microbacterium foliorum Bacteriophage Librie
Authors: Markov Sergei A. , Arms Nygil L. , Boyce Kayla J. , Cardona Pendleton Melody R. , Couch Angilena M. , Duncan Leigh E. , Enodiana Osamiabe I. , Gibson Jaci N. , Greer Kendall J. , Habib Claudine M. , Isaac Ugonna G. , Johnson Tamia C. , Lewis Gabriella G. , Long Summer K. , Ogas Isela A. , Olusoga Kehinde O. , Oni Patience O. , Victory Kim-Ngan H. , Zimmer Robin J.
Published: September 2022

Bacteriophage Librie was isolated from a soil sample from Clarksville, TN, using the bacterium
Microbacterium foliorum
. Librie has a 39,941 bp genome with 62 predicted protein-coding genes and 1 predicted gene for tRNA. Based on its gene content similarity to actinobacteriophages, Librie is grouped with phages in cluster EA5.
Heat Shock Protein 90 Regulates the Activity of Histone Deacetylase Sir2 in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Tabassum Wahida , Bhattacharya Mrinnanda , Bakshi Sayan , Bhattacharyya Mrinal Kanti
Published: September 2022

Malaria continues to severely impact the global public health not only due to the mortality and morbidity associated with it, but also because of the huge burden on the world economy it imparts. Despite the intensive vaccine-research and drug-development programs, there is not a single effective vaccine suitable for all age groups, and there is no drug on the market against which resistance is not developed.
A Metagenomic Investigation of Spatial and Temporal Changes in Sewage Microbiomes across a University Campus
Authors: Fierer Noah , Holland-Moritz Hannah , Alexiev Alexandra , Batther Harpreet , Dragone Nicholas B. , Friar Liam , Gebert Matthew J. , Gering Sarah , Henley Jessica B. , Jech Sierra , Kibby Emily M. , Melie Tina , Patterson William B. , Peterson Eric , Schutz Kyle , Stallard-Olivera Elías , Sterrett John , Walsh Corinne , Mansfeldt Cresten
Published: September 2022

Sewage systems harbor extensive microbial diversity, including microbes derived from both human and environmental sources. Studies of the sewage microbiome are useful for monitoring public health and the health of our infrastructure, but the sewage microbiome can be highly variable in ways that are often unresolved.
Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Neutralizing Antibody Titers with Anti-Spike Antibodies and ACE-2 Inhibition among Vaccinated Individuals
Authors: Grunau Brian , Prusinkiewicz Martin , Asamoah-Boaheng Michael , Golding Liam , Lavoie Pascal M. , Petric Martin , Levett Paul N. , Haig Scott , Barakauskas Vilte , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Jassem Agatha N. , Drews Steven J. , Sediqi Sadaf , Goldfarb David M.
Published: September 2022

Live viral neutralizing antibody titers are an accepted measure of immunity; however, testing procedures are labor-intensive. COVID-19 antibody and angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) levels have been used as surrogates to live viral neutralizing antibody titers; however, validity among vaccinated individuals is unclear.
Biogeography and Population Divergence of Microeukaryotes Associated with Fluids and Chimneys in the Hydrothermal Vents of the Southwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Zhang Yue , Huang Ning , Jing Hongmei
Published: September 2022

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been proposed as oases for microbes, but microeukaryotes as key components of the microbial loop have not been well studied. Based on high-throughput sequencing and network analysis of the 18S rRNA gene, population divergence of microeukaryotes, especially clades of parasitic Syndiniales, was observed among different hydrothermal fields.
Supplemental Material: Late Paleozoic cratonal sink: Distally sourced sediment filled the Anadarko Basin (USA) from multiple source regions
Authors: Kushner Baylee , al. et , Soreghan M.J.
Published: September 2022

Table S1: U-Pb geochronologic data and acquisition parameters for detrital zircon samples presented in this study. Table S2: Raw point count data for samples from this study used in the modal mineralogy analysis. Table S3: Metadata for detrital zircon datasets from published studies used in this study. 
Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index with gallstone disease: finding from Dena PERSIAN cohort
Authors: Sadri Zeinab , Harouni Javad , Vahid Farhad , Khosravani Zohreh , Najafi Fereshteh
Published: September 2022

Objective

The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a documented nutritional tool for assessing diet-induced inflammation that has been linked to various diseases/outcomes. The association between DII and gallstone disease (GSD) is yet to be explored. The objective of this study was to examine the association between DII and GSD.

Design

This cross-sectional study was conducted using the baseline phase data of the Dena PERSIAN cohort. The analysed data included demographic information, lifestyle variables, body mass index, diabetes and fatty liver history, and laboratory test results. The 113-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to estimate the dietary intake of participants and quantify the inflammatory potential of the individual’s diet. DII score was analysed as a continuous and quartiles variables. Univariable and multivariate logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship between GSD and DII scores .

Results

Out of 3626 individuals entering the study, 173 (4.77%) had GSD. The median DII was −0.08 (IQR=0.18). In the unadjusted model, the odds of having GSD were significantly higher in the first and second quartiles of DII (anti-inflammatory diet) than in higher quartiles (proinflammatory diet). In the adjusted model, the odds of having GSD in the third and fourth quartiles of DII scores compared with the first quartile were OR=0.59 (95% CI 0.36 to 0.95) and OR 0.51 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.84), respectively.

Conclusion

The results of this study suggest that a proinflammatory diet is associated with a reduced chance of GSD. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine the causal association.
Safety and impact of eculizumab withdrawal in patients with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: protocol for a multicentre, open-label, prospective, single-arm study
Authors: Dunn Sarah , Brocklebank Victoria , Bryant Andrew , Carnell Sonya , Chadwick Thomas J , Johnson Sally , Kavanagh David , Lecouturier Jan , Malina Michal , Moloney Eoin , Oluboyede Yemi , Weetman Christopher , Wong Edwin Kwan Soon , Woodward Len , Sheerin Neil
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, life-threatening disease caused by excessive activation of part of the immune system called complement. Eculizumab is an effective treatment, controlling aHUS in 90% of patients. Due to the risk of relapse, lifelong treatment is currently recommended. Eculizumab treatment is not without problems, foremost being the risk of severe meningococcal infection, the burden of biweekly intravenous injections and the high cost.

This paper describes the design of the Stopping Eculizumab Treatment Safely in aHUS trial that aims to establish whether a safety monitoring protocol, including the reintroduction of eculizumab for those who relapse, could be a safe, alternative treatment strategy for patients with aHUS.

Methods and analysis

This is a multicentre, non-randomised, open-label study of eculizumab withdrawal with continuous monitoring of thrombotic microangiopathy-related serious adverse events using the Bayes factor single-arm design. 30 patients will be recruited to withdraw from eculizumab and have regular blood and urine tests for 24 months, to monitor for disease activity. If relapse occurs, treatment will be restarted within 24 hours of presentation. 20 patients will remain on treatment and complete health economic questionnaires only. An embedded qualitative study will explore the views of participants.

Ethics and dissemination

A favourable ethical opinion and approval was obtained from the North East-Tyne & Wear South Research Ethics Committee. Outcomes will be disseminated via peer-reviewed articles and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

EudraCT number: 2017-003916-37 and ISRCTN number:ISRCTN17503205.
Associations of childhood maltreatment with hypertension in South African women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nguyen Kim Anh , Kengne Andre Pascal , Abrahams Naeemah , Jewkes Rachel , Mhlongo Shibe , Peer Nasheeta
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To examine the associations of childhood maltreatment (CM) with hypertension, and the mediating effects of hypertension risk factors on the associations in South African women, using baseline data of the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation longitudinal study.

Design

Cross-sectional

Setting and participants

Self-reported data on CM exposure and its severity in 18–40-year-old women living in KwaZulu-Natal province were assessed. Logistic regression models, adjusted for traditional hypertension risk factors, rape exposure, HIV-infection, other traumatic exposures, depression scores and acute stress reactions (ASR) scores were used to examine the CM–hypertension associations.

Results

Among 1797 women, 220 (12.2%) had hypertension; CM prevalence was higher in women with hypertension than without hypertension overall (70.9% vs 57.2%) and for each abuse type: sexual abuse (20.9% vs 12.4%), physical abuse (51.8% vs 41.5%), emotional abuse (40% vs 27.6%) and parental neglect (35% vs 25.7%). Exposures to 1–2 types and 3–4 types of CM were 46.4% and 24.5%, respectively, in women with hypertension, and lower in women without (42.9% and 14.3%, respectively). Exposures to any CM (adjusted OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.25), sexual abuse (1.64; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.37), emotional abuse (1.57; 95% CI: 1.16 to 2.13), physical abuse (1.43; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.92) and parental neglect (1.37; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.86) were associated with hypertension. Exposures to an increasing number of abuse types and cumulative severity of CM overall (1.13; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.21) and for each CM type were associated with increased odds of hypertension. Alcohol use, other trauma experienced, depression and ASR partially mediated these associations.

Conclusion

CM was associated with hypertension; the effects were greater with multiple abuse types and severe abuse, and were partially mediated by alcohol use, depression, ASR and other traumatic exposures. While CM must be prevented, effective mental health interventions to curb the uptake of unhealthy behaviours and the development of hypertension in women exposed to CM are key.
Protocol describing a systematic review and mixed methods consensus process to define the deteriorated ward patient
Authors: Malycha James , Andersen Chris , Redfern Oliver C , Peake Sandra , Subbe Christian , Dykes Lukah , Phillips Adam , Ludbrook Guy , Young Duncan , Watkinson Peter J , Flabouris Arthas , Jones Daryl
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Most patients admitted to hospital recover with treatments that can be administered on the general ward. A small but important group deteriorate however and require augmented organ support in areas with increased nursing to patient ratios. In observational studies evaluating this cohort, proxy outcomes such as unplanned intensive care unit admission, cardiac arrest and death are used. These outcome measures introduce subjectivity and variability, which in turn hinders the development and accuracy of the increasing numbers of electronic medical record (EMR) linked digital tools designed to predict clinical deterioration. Here, we describe a protocol for developing a new outcome measure using mixed methods to address these limitations.

Methods and analysis

We will undertake firstly, a systematic literature review to identify existing generic, syndrome-specific and organ-specific definitions for clinically deteriorated, hospitalised adult patients. Secondly, an international modified Delphi study to generate a short list of candidate definitions. Thirdly, a nominal group technique (NGT) (using a trained facilitator) will take a diverse group of stakeholders through a structured process to generate a consensus definition. The NGT process will be informed by the data generated from the first two stages. The definition(s) for the deteriorated ward patient will be readily extractable from the EMR.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has ethics approval (reference 16399) from the Central Adelaide Local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Results generated from this study will be disseminated through publication and presentation at national and international scientific meetings.
Active monitoring versus immediate abduction as treatment of stable developmental dysplasia of the hip: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Paulussen Evy M B , Mulder Frederike E C M , Mathijssen Nina M C , Witlox M Adhiambo
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This systematic review aims to compare the effects of active monitoring and abduction treatment on the Graf alpha angle, Acetabular Index (AI) and femoral head coverage in infants with stable developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Design

Systematic review reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data sources

A search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science databases was performed in January 2020 and updated in January 2021.

Eligibility criteria

(Non-)randomised studies comparing active monitoring with abduction treatment in infants younger than 4 months with stable DDH were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

All eligible articles were methodologically assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tools. Data were extracted by summarising the study characteristics and results.

Results

Of the six included studies, two randomised studies were of low risk and two of some concerns. Two non-randomised studies were of serious risk. In total, 544 dysplastic hips (439 infants) were investigated, of which 307 were observed and 237 were treated. Two studies reported a faster improvement of the alpha angle and average acetabular coverage in treated hips at 3 months. No differences in AI between the treatment and observation group after 3 months were reported. In total, 38 infants (12%) in the observation group switched to the treatment group. At the final radiograph, 21 observed hips and 32 treated hips were dysplastic.

Conclusions

There were no differences in AI between the treatment and observation group after 3 months in infants up to 4 months of age with stable DDH hips. The switch of 38 infants (12%) from the observation to the treatment group corroborates that not all infantile DDH hips will spontaneously progress into normal hips. The small study population sizes and methodological heterogeneity warrant a large randomised controlled trial to study this research question.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD4202123300.
Self-reported measurements of physical literacy in adults: a scoping review
Authors: Ryom Knud , Hargaard Anne-Sofie , Melby Paulina Sander , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Bentsen Peter , Ntoumanis Nikos , Schoeppe Stephanie , Nielsen Glen , Elsborg Peter
Published: September 2022

Physical literacy (PL) is a comprehensive concept covering motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding of individuals’ physical activity throughout life. PL has three overlapping domains, such as: an affective, a physical and a cognitive domain. So far, PL has not been measured in the adults and no complete measurement has been developed to date.

Objectives

The aim of this scoping review was to review existing self-reported instruments measuring different elements of domains of PL.

Method

We reviewed Education Research Complete, Cochrane, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. The reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Studies were coded using a thematic framework, which was based on the three domains of PL. The eligibility criteria were as follows: (1) age groups between 18 and 60 years; (2) meta-analyses, reviews or quantitative studies focusing on the measurement of at least one of the three domains of PL and (3) instrument that was self-reported. We finalised search on 1 August 2021

Results

In total, 67 articles were identified as studies describing instruments reflecting the three domains of PL. Following full-text reading, 21 articles that met our inclusion criteria were included. Several instruments of relevance to PL are available for assessing motivation, confidence and the physical domain. However, few instruments exist that measure elements of the cognitive domain.

Conclusion

This review showed that a range of existing and validated instruments exists, covering two out of the three domains of PL, namely affective and physical domains. However, for the knowledge domain no valid measurement tools could be found. This scoping review has identified gaps in the research (namely the cognitive domain) and also a gap in the research as no measures that consider the inter-relatedness of the three domains (holistic nature of the concept).
Interventions based on environmental determinants for nutritional and physical activity behaviours in Colombia: a scoping review
Authors: Hernandez Edgar D , Guzman Cristian Arvey , Seron Pamela
Published: September 2022

Objective

To identify, systematically, the interventions based on environmental determinants to improve the nutritional and physical activity (PA) habits available in Colombia.

Design

A scoping review was performed according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Study selection

All studies about intervention programmes for PA and nutritional behaviours in Colombia were included.

Methods

Searches in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scielo and Lilacs, using MeSH, Decs and Emtree terms, were performed up to August 2020. Additionally, a manual search was made in specialised national journals. An internet documentary search of the official websites on policies and programmes by departmental, district and municipal secretariats was also performed.

Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts. Then, the full texts were reviewed to select documents to be included.

Data management relevant information from selected documents and articles was extracted. A descriptive analysis was considered.

Results

Sixty-seven documents and 70 published articles were found. The programmes were identified in 13 initiatives, 7 in the area of PA and 6 with a nutrition focus. They were on physical and social environmental modifications such as the ‘muévete’ (‘get moving’) programmes in Bogota, Quindio and Cartagena; a modification of ‘ciclovía’; or bicycle path programmes as well as nutrition programmes in schools, universities and companies.

Conclusion

This scoping review identified national programmes and policies in Colombia in the area of nutrition and PA from the environmental perspective in different scenarios: from schools to workplaces and communities. The need to implement such programmes from public and private institutions is also noted, promoting the practice of PA and healthy eating in every scenario in the national territory. New research to determine the impact of these programmes is essential to get a glimpse of the effects of these programmes and the implications for public health.
Defining and identifying critical elements of, and lessons learned from addressing, ‘operational readiness’ for public health emergency events, including COVID-19: a scoping review protocol
Authors: English Rene , Yauka Nyasulu Juliet Charity , Berner Karina , Geduld Heike , McCaul Michael , Joseph Conran , Pappin Michele , Gobat Nina , Boulanger Linda Lucy , Louw Quinette
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Much is known around public health preparedness and response phases. However, between the two phases is operational readiness that comprises the immediate actions needed to respond to a developing risk or hazard. Currently, emergency readiness is embedded in multiple frameworks and policy documents related to the health emergency cycle. However, knowledge about operational readiness’ critical readiness components and actions required by countries to respond to public health eminent threat is not well known. Therefore, we aim to define and identify the critical elements of ‘operational readiness’ for public health emergencies, including COVID-19, and identify lessons learnt from addressing it, to inform the WHO Operational Readiness Framework.

Methods and analysis

This is a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance. Reporting will be according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases and grey literature will be searched and exported into an online systematic review software (eg, Rayyan in this case) for review. The review team, which apart from scoping review methodological experts include content experts in health systems and public health and emergency medicine, prepared an a priori study protocol in consultation with WHO representatives. ATLAS.ti V.9 will be used to conduct thematic data analysis as well as store, organise and retrieve data. Data analysis and presentation will be carried out by five reviewers.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will reveal new insights, knowledge and lessons learnt that will translate into an operational framework for readiness actions. In consultation with WHO, findings will be disseminated as appropriate (eg, through professional bodies, conferences and research papers). No ethics approvals are required as no humans will be involved in data collection.

Protocol registration

This rapid scoping review has been registered on Open Science Framework (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/6SYAH).
Study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial assessing the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on postprandial hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass
Authors: Ferreira Antonio , Emara Ahmed Fahiem Abdelsalam , Herzig David , Melmer Andreas , Vogt Andreas P , Nakas Christos T , Facchinetti Andrea , Dalla Man Chiara , Bally Lia
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Postprandial hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass surgery (also known as postbariatric hypoglycaemia or PBH) is an increasingly encountered clinical problem. PBH is characterised by meal-induced rapid spikes and consequent falls in glycaemia, resulting in both hypoglycaemia burden and high glycaemic variability. Despite its frequency, there is currently no approved pharmacotherapy. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate efficacy and safety of empagliflozin 25 mg, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2-inhibitor, to reduce glucose excursions and hypoglycaemia burden in patients with PBH after gastric bypass surgery.

Methods and analysis

In a prospective, single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, we plan to enrol 22 adults (≥18 years) with PBH after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (plasma or sensor glucose <3.0 mmol/L). Eligible patients will be randomised to receive empagliflozin 25 mg and placebo once daily, each for 20 days, in random order. Study periods will be separated by a 2–6 weeks wash-out period. The primary efficacy outcome will be the amplitude of plasma glucose excursion (peak to nadir) during a mixed meal tolerance test. Results will be presented as paired-differences±SD plus 95% CIs with p values and hypothesis testing for primary and secondary outcomes according to intention-to-treat. Secondary outcomes include continuous glucose monitoring-based outcomes, further metabolic measures and safety.

Ethics and dissemination

The DEEP-EMPA trial (original protocol title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trialassessing the impact of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin onpostprandial hypoglycaemia after gastric bypass) was approved by the Bern Ethics Committee (ID 2021-01187) and Swissmedic (Ref. Number: 102663190) in October and November 2021, respectively. First results are expected in the first quarter of 2023 and will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences. The acronym DEEP was derived from an overarching project title (DEciphering the Enigma of Postprandial Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia after Bariatric Surgery), the term EMPA stands for the drug empagliflozin.

Trial registration number

NCT05057819.
Narrative medicine to investigate the quality of life and emotional impact of inherited retinal disorders through the perspectives of patients, caregivers and clinicians: an Italian multicentre project
Authors: Simonelli Francesca , Sodi Andrea , Falsini Benedetto , Bacci Giacomo , Iarossi Giancarlo , Di Iorio Valentina , Giorgio Dario , Placidi Giorgio , Andrao Assia , Reale Luigi , Fiorencis Alessandra , Aoun Manar
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Although inherited retinal disorders (IRDs) related to the gene encoding the retinal pigment epithelium 65kD protein (RPE65) significantly impact the vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), their emotional and social aspects remain poorly investigated in Italy. Narrative Medicine (NM) reveals the more intimate aspects of the illness experience, providing insights into clinical practice.

Design and setting

This NM project was conducted in Italy between July and December 2020 and involved five eye clinics specialised in IRDs. Illness plots and parallel charts, together with a sociodemographic survey, were collected through the project’s website; remote in-depth interviews were also conducted. Narratives and interviews were analysed through NVivo software and interpretive coding.

Participants

3 paediatric and 5 adult patients and eight caregivers participated in the project; 11 retinologists globally wrote 27 parallel charts; 5 professionals from hospital-based multidisciplinary teams and one patient association member were interviewed.

Results

Findings confirmed that RPE65-related IRDs impact VRQoL in terms of activities and mobility limitations. The emotional aspects emerged as crucial in the clinical encounter and as informative on IRD management challenges and real-life experiences, while psychological support was addressed as critical from clinical diagnosis throughout the care pathway for both patients and caregivers; the need for an IRDs ‘culture’ emerged to acknowledge these conditions, and therefore, promoting diversity within society.

Conclusions

The project was the first effort to investigate the impact of RPE65-related IRDs on the illness experience through NM, concomitantly addressing the perspectives of paediatric and adult patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals and provided preliminary insights for the knowledge of RPE65-related IRDs and the clinical practice.
‘Like building a plane and flying it all in one go’: an interview study of infection prevention and control in Australian general practice during the first 2 years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Hor Su-Yin , Burns Penelope , Yong Faith R , Barratt Ruth , Degeling Chris , Williams Veazey Leah , Wyer Mary , Gilbert Gwendolyn L
Published: September 2022

Objectives

General practitioners (GPs) and their staff have been at the frontline of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Australia. However, their experiences of responding to and managing the risks of viral transmission within their facilities are poorly described. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences, and infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies adopted by general practices, including enablers of and challenges to implementation, to contribute to our understanding of the pandemic response in this critical sector.

Design

Semistructured interviews were conducted in person, by telephone or online video conferencing software, between November 2020 and August 2021.

Participants

Twenty general practice personnel working in New South Wales, Australia, including nine GPs, one general practice registrar, four registered nurses, one nurse practitioner, two practice managers and two receptionists.

Results

Participants described implementing wide-ranging repertoires of IPC strategies—including telehealth, screening of patients and staff, altered clinic layouts and portable outdoor shelters, in addition to appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE)—to manage the demands of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Strategies were proactive, influenced by the varied contexts of different practices and the needs and preferences of individual GPs as well as responsive to local, state and national requirements, which changed frequently as the pandemic evolved.

Conclusions

Using the ‘hierarchy of controls’ as a framework for analysis, we found that the different strategies adopted in general practice often functioned in concert with one another. Most strategies, particularly administrative and PPE controls, were subjected to human variability and so were less reliable from a human factors perspective. However, our findings highlight the creativity, resilience and resourcefulness of general practice staff in developing, implementing and adapting their IPC strategies amidst constantly changing pandemic conditions.
Study protocol of REpeat versus SIngle ShoT Antibiotic prophylaxis in major Abdominal Surgery (RESISTAAS I): a prospective observational study of antibiotic prophylaxis practice for patients undergoing major abdominal surgery
Authors: Murtha-Lemekhova Anastasia , Fuchs Juri , Teroerde Miriam , Rau Heike , Frey Otto R , Hornuss Daniel , Billeter Adrian , Klotz Rosa , Chiriac Ute , Larmann Jan , Weigand Markus A , Probst Pascal , Hoffmann Katrin
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common complications after abdominal surgery and develop in approximately 20% of patients. These patients suffer a 12% increase in mortality, underlying the need for strategies reducing SSI. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is paramount for SSI prevention in major abdominal surgery. Yet, intraoperative redosing criteria are subjective and whether patients benefit from it remains unclear.

Methods and analysis

The REpeat versus SIngle ShoT Antibiotic prophylaxis in major Abdominal Surgery (RESISTAAS I) study is a single-centre, prospective, observational study investigating redosing of antibiotic prophylaxis in 300 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Adult patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery will be included. Current practice of redosing regarding number and time period will be recorded. Postoperative SSIs, nosocomial infections, clinically relevant infection-associated bacteria, postoperative antibiotic treatment, in addition to other clinical, pharmacological and economical outcomes will be evaluated. Differences between groups will be analysed with analysis of covariance.

Ethics and dissemination

RESISTAAS I will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and internal, national and international standards of GCP. The Medical Ethics Review Board of Heidelberg University has approved the study prior to initiation (S-404/2021). The study has been registered on 7 February 2022 at German Clinical Trials Register, with identifier DRKS00027892. We plan to disseminate the results of the study in a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00027892.
Inforatio technique to promote wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers: study protocol for a parallel-group, evaluator-blinded, randomised clinical trial
Authors: Moeini Sahar , Gottlieb Hans , Jørgensen Tue Smith , Aagaard Thomas Vedste , Kornø Maj Raundrup , Larsen Malene Ringholm Bæk , Brorson Stig
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are associated with extensive consequences for the affected patients and treatment of these hard-to-heal ulcers is known for being challenging. New treatment methods to supplement the current standard care may improve the prognosis for these patients.

A preceding feasibility trial with promising results, facilitated this trial that aims to study the effect of a novel simple treatment, called inforatio technique, which may promote healing of DFUs. The inforatio technique is a minimally invasive procedure where small cuts are made on wound beds with punch biopsy tools.

Methods and analysis

This multicentre randomised clinical trial will be conducted at outpatient clinics at Zealand University Hospital, Herlev University Hospital, Slagelse Hospital and Nykoebing Falster Hospital. 100 participants will be included and randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either a control group that receives usual care or an intervention group that receives both usual care and the inforatio technique.

The primary outcome is complete healing evaluated on digital images by blinded observers. It is not possible to blind participants or the outpatient clinic staff because the inforatio technique is visible in wound beds after application. Change in EQ-5D-5L (EuroQoL-5 Dimension- 5 Level) Visual Analogue Scale Score and Wound-QoL Global Score from baseline to end of follow-up are secondary outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval has been granted by the Danish National Committee on Health Research Ethics on 15 December 2021 (approval ID: SJ-904). Trial results are planned to be published in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

NCT05189470.