bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Potential of Solenopsis invicta Venom: A Scoping Review of Its Bioactive Molecules, Biological Aspects, and Health Applications
Authors: Dioguardi Mario , Cantore Stefania , Sovereto Diego , Sanesi Lorenzo , Martella Angelo , Almasri Lynn , Musella Gennaro , Lo Muzio Lorenzo , Ballini Andrea
Published: November 2024

Solenopsis invicta, a South American ant species from the Formicidae family (subfamily Myrmicinae), has recently established a stable settlement in Europe, raising public health concerns due to its venomous stings. The venom of S. invicta is rich in bioactive molecules, particularly piperidine alkaloids such as solenopsin A and peptides (Sol 1–4). These compounds have been implicated in various health applications, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumour activities. While previous reviews have focused on the ecological and allergenic risks posed by S. invicta, this scoping review aims to evaluate the potential therapeutic uses of S. invicta venom by summarizing existing scientific evidence and providing a novel synthesis of recent research on its bioactive components. Furthermore, this study, by describing the unique biological aspects of S. invicta, provides an overview of its direct impact on public health, highlighting new findings on the venom’s role in inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation and modulating cancer growth pathways through gene regulation. A search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library) identified 12,340 articles, from which 11 studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies included seven microbiological investigations and four studies on tumour cell lines and animal models. The findings suggest that S. invicta venom could inhibit biofilm formation, combat fungal infections, and suppress tumour growth. However, further research, including clinical trials, is required to fully elucidate the safety and efficacy of these bioactive molecules in human medicine, for their potential use in drug discovery to counteract several diseases, including cancer.
Studying Rare Movement Disorders: From Whole-Exome Sequencing to New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in a Modern Genetic Clinic
Authors: Marsili Luca , Duque Kevin R. , Abanto Jesus , Chinchihualpa Paredes Nathaly O. , Duker Andrew P. , Collins Kathleen , Miranda Marcelo , Bustamante M. Leonor , Pauciulo Michael , Dixon Michael , Chaib Hassan , Perez-Maturo Josefina , Hill Emily J. , Espay Alberto J. , Kauffman Marcelo A.
Published: November 2024

Background: Rare movement disorders often have a genetic etiology. New technological advances have increased the odds of achieving genetic diagnoses: next-generation sequencing (NGS) (whole-exome sequencing—WES; whole-genome sequencing—WGS) and long-read sequencing (LRS). In 2017, we launched a WES program for patients with rare movement disorders of suspected genetic etiology. We aim to describe the accumulated experience of a modern movement disorder genetic clinic, highlighting how different available genetic tests might be prioritized according to the clinical phenotype and pattern of inheritance. Methods: Participants were studied through WES analysis. Descriptive statistics, including the mean, standard deviation, counts, and percentages, were used to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics in all subjects and with each type of result [pathogenic or likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance (VUS), negative]. Results: We studied 88 patients (93.2% Caucasian, 5.72% African American, and 1.08% Hispanic or Latino). After excluding six family members from four index participants, the diagnostic yield of WES reached 27% (22/82 probands). The age at onset was significantly lower in patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. The most common clinical phenotypes were ataxia and parkinsonism. Dystonia, ataxia, leukoencephalopathy, and parkinsonism were associated with most genetic diagnoses. Conclusions: We propose a comprehensive protocol with decision tree testing for WGS and LRS, a return of results, and a re-analysis of inconclusive genetic data to increase the diagnostic yield of patients with rare neurogenetic disorders.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy with Special Focus on Mavacamten and Its Future in Cardiology
Authors: Młynarska Ewelina , Radzioch Ewa , Dąbek Bartłomiej , Leszto Klaudia , Witkowska Alicja , Czarnik Witold , Jędraszak Weronika , Rysz Jacek , Franczyk Beata
Published: November 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous group of heart muscle disorders that affects millions, with an incidence from 1 in 500 to 1 in 200. Factors such as genetics, age, gender, comorbidities, and environmental factors may contribute to the course of this disease. Diagnosis of HCM has improved significantly in the past few decades from simple echocardiographic evaluations to a more complex, multimodal approach embracing advanced imaging, genetic, and biomarker studies. This review focuses on Mavacamten, a selective allosteric inhibitor of cardiac myosin, as a pharmacological treatment for HCM. Patients with HCM experience pathological actomyosin interactions, leading to impaired relaxation and increased energy expenditure. Mavacamten decreases available myosin heads, reducing actomyosin cross-bridges during systole and diastole. By reducing the number of bridges left ventricular outflow tract pressure is normalized and cardiac cavities are filled. This mechanism enhances patient performance and alleviates symptoms such as chest pain and dyspnea. The results suggest the potential for Mavacamten to transform the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Studies to date have shown significant improvement in exercise capacity, symptom relief, and a reduction in the need for invasive procedures such as septal myectomy. Further studies are needed to confirm the clinical results.
A Comprehensive Health Screening Program Reveals the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Ma Dae Joong , Oh Baek-Lok , Bak Eunoo , Kim Jin-Soo , Lee Jinho , Choi Hyuk Jin
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and associated risk factors in Korean subjects who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations. Methods: This single health screening center-based cross-sectional study included a total of 73,574 consecutive participants older than 30 years who underwent a health screening examination, including fundus photography, between October 2003 and December 2010. Weighted prevalence and risk factors for AMD were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify AMD risk factors. Results: The weighted prevalence of AMD was 15.42%, with a prevalence of 3.34% among people in their 30s. Advanced age significantly increased the risk for both early/intermediate AMD (p < 0.001 across the age groups of 40, 50, 60, and 70+ years) and advanced AMD (p <0.001 for the age groups of 60 and 70+ years). The male sex was strongly associated with an increased risk of both early/intermediate and advanced AMD (p < 0.001 for both). Retinal arteriosclerosis, whether low- or high-grade, was linked to early/intermediate AMD (p < 0.001 for both grades), whereas only high-grade arteriosclerosis was linked to advanced AMD (p < 0.001). Additionally, hypertension (p < 0.001), the hepatitis B carrier status (p < 0.001), elevated mean corpuscular volume (p < 0.001), and lower serum uric acid levels (p = 0.014) were associated with early/intermediate AMD. Higher education levels protected against early/intermediate AMD (p = 0.004 for high school graduates, p < 0.001 for ≥college graduates). Higher serum inorganic phosphate levels (p = 0.002) and lower total serum ALB levels (p = 0.005) were significant risk factors for advanced AMD. Conclusions: Korean individuals as young as 30 years old are at risk of AMD. This study newly identified associations between retinal arteriosclerosis and both early/intermediate and advanced AMD, as well as associations between serum inorganic phosphate levels and total ALB levels with advanced AMD.
Metabolic Crossroad Between Macrophages and Cancer Cells: Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Santarsiero Anna , Convertini Paolo , Iacobazzi Dominga , Infantino Vittoria , Todisco Simona
Published: November 2024

The metabolic interplay between macrophages and cancer cells mirrors the plasticity of both kinds of cells, which adapt to the microenvironment by sustaining cell growth and proliferation. In this way, cancer cells induce macrophage polarization, and, on the other hand, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) contribute to the survival of cancer cells. In a simplified manner, macrophages can assume two opposite subtypes: M1, pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor phenotype, and M2, anti-inflammatory and protumor phenotype. How do cancer cells induce macrophage polarization? Any actor involved in tumor growth, including the mitochondria, releases molecules into the tumor microenvironment (TME) that trigger a subtype transition. These metabolic changes are the primary cause of this polarization. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prevalent type of liver primary tumor, is characterized by cells with extensive metabolic adaptions due to high flexibility in different environmental conditions. This review focuses on the main metabolic features of M1 and M2 macrophages and HCC cells underlying their metabolic behavior in response to TME.
Exploring the Impact of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function and Anxiety-Related Behaviors in a Murine Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Boboc Ianis Kevyn Stefan , Dumitrelea Petrica-Daniel , Meca Andreea Daniela , Mititelu-Tartau Liliana , Bogdan Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral disturbances, with an increasing incidence as the global population ages. This study investigates the effects of semaglutide (SEM), a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, on cognitive function and anxiety-like behavior in a transgenic murine model of AD. Methods: 20 mice were randomly distributed into the following groups (n = 5): (WT + VEH) group: C57BL/6J + saline, (WT + SEM) group: C57BL/6J + semaglutide, (AD + VEH) group: AD + saline, (AD + SEM) group: AD + semaglutide. The animals underwent a four-week treatment, during which we monitored blood glucose levels, body weight, and responses in an open field test, novel object recognition test, social chamber test, and 0-maze test. Results: Post-treatment, SEM significantly reduced blood glucose levels in AD mice, aligning them with those of wild-type controls. Cognitive assessments indicated an improvement in the investigation index for SEM-treated mice compared to those receiving a vehicle, suggesting cognitive benefits. Although SEM did not significantly enhance motor and exploratory activities, it displayed a potential anxiolytic effect, particularly evident in the combined anxiety index, with notable differences observed before and after treatment in the AD group. Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that SEM may play a dual role in managing AD by improving glycemic control and potentially enhancing cognitive function. As the landscape of AD treatment evolves, the comprehensive approach of utilizing SEM could pave the way for innovative interventions targeting the complex interplay of metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions in this challenging neurodegenerative disorder.
Craniofacial Effects of Zoledronic Acid on the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse (−/−) Model of Severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Jeannerod Gaspard , Chretien Antoine , André Grégoire , Mabilleau Guillaume , Behets Catherine
Published: November 2024

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder affecting mainly type I collagen, which leads to bone fragility and deformities. OI patients also present craniofacial abnormalities such as macrocephaly and malocclusion. Recently, craniofacial dysmorphism was highlighted in the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse (oim), a validated model of the most severe form of OI. This study explores the impact of zoledronic acid (ZA), commonly administered to OI patients to increase bone mass and mechanical strength, on oim craniofacial structure. Methods: Fifteen oim received a single intravenous ZA injection (100 µg/kg) at 5 weeks (ZA group), while fifteen remained untreated (control). Before euthanasia at 14 weeks, in vivo computed tomography provided craniometric data. Post-euthanasia, heads underwent peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT); coronal decalcified sections through temporomandibular joints were analyzed (n = 6/mouse) after Masson’s trichrome staining (3 sections) or under polarized light to study collagen birefringence (3 sections). Results: In vivo craniometry highlighted the positive effect on vertical growth in ZA oim models as compared to untreated ones, with significant increases in mandibular length and incisor height and without any change in transversal dimensions. The pQCT scans showed the significantly higher total mineral density and cortical mineral density of the mandibular ramus in the ZA than the untreated group. Via microscopic analysis, the cranial vault was thicker and the collagen birefringence was higher in the ZA group than in the untreated group, but differences were not significant. Conclusion: To conclude, ZA had some beneficial effects on craniofacial vertical height and ramus density and, to a lower extent, on vault thickness, while transversal dimensions did not seem to be influenced by ZA intake. These data emphasize the need to consider the whole skeleton when treating OI patients.
Hybrid Chitosan Biosorbents: Tunable Adsorption at Surface and Micropore Domains
Authors: Udoetok Inimfon A. , Mohamed Mohamed H. , Wilson Lee D.
Published: November 2024

Herein, we report a study that provides new insight on the knowledge gaps that relate to the role of biopolymer structure and adsorption properties for chitosan adsorbents that are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The systematic modification of chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CG) and its quaternized forms (QCG) was studied in relation to the reaction conditions: mole ratios of reactants and pH conditions. Complementary adsorbent characterization employed 13C NMR/FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DSC, point-zero-charge (PZC), solvent swelling, and sorption studies using selected dye probes. The spectral and thermal techniques provide complementary evidence that affirm the key role of cross-linker content and quaternization on variation of the physicochemical properties of chitosan. The PZC results reveal a neutral surface charge for the modified materials between pH 6.0 to 6.3 ± 0.3, as compared with pH 8.7 ± 0.4 for pristine chitosan. Solvent swelling in water decreased with greater cross-linking, while the QCG materials had greater swelling over CG materials due to enhanced hydration. The adsorption results reveal variable dye uptake properties according to the cross-linker content. Similarly, surface versus micropore adsorption was demonstrated, according to the nature and ionization state of the dye for the modified adsorbents, where the CG and QCG materials had tunable sorption properties that exceeded that of unmodified chitosan. A key step in tuning the structure and surface chemical properties of cross-linked chitosan involves pH control during synthesis. The facile tunability of the physicochemical properties of the modified biopolymers reported herein means that they possess features of biomimetics that are relevant to advanced drug delivery, antimicrobial materials for wound healing, biosensors, and biosorbents for biomedical applications.
Patent Overview of Innovative Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogel Biosensors
Authors: Fatimi Ahmed , Damiri Fouad , Berrada Mohammed , Musuc Adina Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels are emerging as highly versatile materials for cost-effective biosensors, capable of sensitive chemical and biological detection. These hydrogels, functionalized with specific groups, exhibit sensitivity modulated by factors such as temperature, pH, and analyte concentration, allowing for a broad spectrum of applications. This study presents a patent-centered overview of recent advancements in hyaluronic acid hydrogel biosensors from 2003 to 2023. A total of 50 patent documents—including 41 patent applications and 9 granted patents—reveal a growing interest, primarily driven by United States-based institutions, which account for approximately 54% of all filings. This trend reflects the strong collaboration between universities, industry, and foundations in pushing this technology forward. Most patented technologies focus on biosensors for in vivo blood analysis, measuring critical parameters such as gas concentration and pH, with particular emphasis on glucose monitoring via tissue impedance using enzyme-immobilized oxidase electrodes. Additionally, the 9 granted patents collectively showcase key innovations, highlighting applications from continuous glucose monitors to implantable vascular devices and sweat analyte detection systems. These patents underscore the adaptability and biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid hydrogels, reinforcing their role in enhancing biosensor performance for real-time health monitoring. In summary, this overview highlights the importance of patent analysis in tracking and directing research and development, helping to clarify the field’s evolution and identify innovation gaps for hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel biosensors.
Application of Fluorescence- and Bioluminescence-Based Biosensors in Cancer Drug Discovery
Authors: Kelly Tynan , Yang Xiaolong
Published: November 2024

Recent advances in drug discovery have established biosensors as indispensable tools, particularly valued for their precision, sensitivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities. The review begins with a brief overview of cancer drug discovery, underscoring the pivotal role of biosensors in advancing cancer research. Various types of biosensors employed in cancer drug discovery are then explored, with particular emphasis on fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based technologies such as FRET, TR-FRET, BRET, NanoBRET, and NanoBiT. These biosensors have enabled breakthrough discoveries, including the identification of Celastrol as a novel YAP-TEAD inhibitor through NanoBiT-based screening, and the development of TR-FRET assays that successfully identified Ro-31-8220 as a SMAD4R361H/SMAD3 interaction inducer. The integration of biosensors in high throughput screening and validation for cancer drug compounds is examined, highlighting successful applications such as the development of LATS biosensors that revealed VEGFR as an upstream regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Real-time monitoring of cellular responses through biosensors has yielded invaluable insights into cancer cell signaling pathways, as demonstrated by NanoBRET assays detecting RAF dimerization and HiBiT systems monitoring protein degradation dynamics. The review addresses challenges linked to biosensor applications, such as maintaining stability in complex tumor microenvironments and achieving consistent sensitivity in HTS applications. Emerging trends are discussed, including integrating artificial intelligence and advanced nanomaterials for enhanced biosensor performance. In conclusion, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of fluorescence- and bioluminescence-based biosensor applications in the dynamic cancer drug discovery field, presenting quantitative evidence of their impact and highlighting their potential to revolutionize targeted cancer treatments.
Testing Polynomial (Non-Linear) Effects of Neurological and Physical Disability on Sexual Well-Being in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gerymski Rafał , Latusek-Mierzwa Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is among the most prevalent chronic autoimmune disorders affecting the central nervous system. In Poland, the MS incidence rate is 6.3 per 100,000 patients. The results of studies indicate that people suffering from MS are less involved in sexual life in both the physical and emotional aspects, they assess that sex is less important to them than to healthy people, and their sexual motivation is limited, especially its physical dimension. Methods: A total of 121 people participated in the study. It used four questionnaires: authors’ survey on sociodemographic and biomedical data, Short Sexual Well-Being Scale, Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale, and Expanded Disability Status Scale. Results: A positive and moderate relationship was found between neurological disability and physical disability. Also, the correlation between neurological disability and the number of sexual dysfunctions was significant. Problems in the neurological sphere were also negatively associated with sexual well-being. Physical disability was not significantly associated with the level of sexual well-being or the number of declared sexual dysfunctions. The number of dysfunctions was moderately associated with the levels of sexual well-being. The polynomial regression analyses did not find any non-linear relationships between the severity of disability and sexual well-being. Conclusions: This study suggests that the occurrence of sexual dysfunctions can be an important subject in MS patients’ sexual well-being. It underlines the fact that the subject of one’s sexuality cannot be omitted while providing medical and psychological support for individuals with MS.
Mental Fatigue and Sports Performance of Athletes: Theoretical Explanation, Influencing Factors, and Intervention Methods
Authors: Wu Chang-Hong , Zhao Yun-Di , Yin Fu-Qiang , Yi Yang , Geng Lu , Xu Xia
Published: November 2024

Mental fatigue is an important factor affecting athletes’ performance. Explaining the effects of mental fatigue on sports performance from a theoretical point of view can help us deeply understand the interconnection between mental fatigue and sports performance and conduct effective interventions based on this. Combining the relevant literature in China and abroad reveals that the current academic theories on the mechanism of sports fatigue include motivational control theory, underload theory, neural waste disposal hypothesis, and resource depletion theory. The effects of mental fatigue on performance are reflected in aerobic endurance, sports decision-making, tactical performance, and technical performance. Current coping strategies for mental fatigue include physiological coping strategies based on nutrition (caffeine), odor, and noninvasive neuromodulation techniques and psychological and behavioral coping strategies based on music and positive thinking.
A Network Analysis of Emotional Intelligence in Chinese Preschool Teachers
Authors: Xie Sha , Su Beiyi , Yang Siman , Li Jing , Li Hui
Published: November 2024

Emotional intelligence significantly influences various aspects of teachers’ professional and personal lives, notably affecting preschoolers’ social skills and emotional development during formative years. This study utilizes a network analysis approach to explore the complex relationships among four components of emotional intelligence: emotional labor, emotional regulation, professional well-being, and professional identity. Participants included 2069 frontline Chinese teachers (34 males, 2035 females; M = 28.64, SD = 5.98; M years of teaching = 6.88, SD = 5.29) with no leadership roles, categorized into three stages of their careers based on years of teaching experience: novice (0–3 years; n = 612), advanced beginners (4–6 years; n = 537), and competent (7–40 years; n = 920). Findings revealed that joy of teaching, role value, and professional value were identified as the most critical elements within the emotional state network of early childhood education teachers. The strongest connections in teachers’ emotional networks were found between school connectedness and joy of teaching (r = 0.474), surface acting behavior and natural acting behavior (r = 0.419), and professional value and professional behavior (r = 0.372). Furthermore, teachers across different career stages exhibited similar characteristics and intrinsic connections among emotional state components. These findings deepen our understanding of the emotional state networks of ECE teachers, highlighting shared features and interconnected mechanisms, and suggest that enhancing teachers’ emotional intelligence through targeted professional development can improve both teacher well-being and preschoolers’ social–emotional outcomes. Policies that foster strong school connectedness and reduce emotional labor are key to promoting sustained joy in teaching, particularly for novice and advanced beginner teachers.
Development and Application of Small Object Visual Recognition Algorithm in Assisting Safety Management of Tower Cranes
Authors: Sun Xiao , Lu Xueying , Wang Yao , He Tianxiao , Tian Zhenghong
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel video-based risk assessment and safety management technique aimed at mitigating the risk of falling objects during tower crane lifting operations. The conventional YOLOv5 algorithm is prone to issues of missed and false detections, particularly when identifying small objects. To address these limitations, the algorithm is enhanced by incorporating an additional small object detection layer, implementing an attention mechanism, and modifying the loss function. The enhanced YOLOv5s model achieved precision and recall rates of 96.00%, with average precision (AP) values of 96.42% at an IoU of 0.5 and 62.02% across the range of IoU values from 0.5 to 0.95. These improvements significantly enhance the model’s capability to accurately detect crane hooks and personnel. Upon identifying the hook within a video frame, its actual height is calculated using an interpolation function derived from the hook’s dimensions. This calculation allows for the precise demarcation of the danger zone by determining the potential impact area of falling objects. The worker’s risk level is assessed using a refined method based on the statistical analysis of past accidents. If the risk level surpasses a predetermined safety threshold, the worker’s detection box is emphasized and flagged as a caution on the monitoring display.
Applying Information Gap Decision Theory for Uncertainty Management in Building Lifecycle Assessment
Authors: Kee Tris , Fu Frankie
Published: November 2024

This study applies Info-Gap Decision Theory (IGDT) to manage uncertainties in early-stage lifecycle assessment (LCA) in the building sector, focusing on carbon emissions and cost optimization. The building industry significantly contributes to global carbon emissions, making robust LCA models crucial for achieving environmental improvements. Traditional LCA methods often overlook deep uncertainties, leading to unreliable outcomes. To address this, this research integrates IGDT, providing a non-probabilistic approach that enhances decision-making under uncertainty. The study develops an optimization model that considers uncertainties in material choices, supplier selection, and transportation logistics, demonstrated through a case study of a Science and Technology Expo Pavilion in Chongqing, China. The results show that manufacturing processes are the main source of carbon emissions, with transportation having a smaller but notable impact. Significant emission reductions can be achieved by using alternative materials like fly ash and volcanic ash in cement production. Strategic supplier selection, based on the cost per ton of CO2 reduction, balances environmental impact with economic feasibility. IGDT provides a robust framework for managing uncertainty, helping building projects to achieve sustainability targets even under deep uncertainty, thereby supporting the industry’s efforts towards net-zero emissions.
Bridge Digital Twin for Practical Bridge Operation and Maintenance by Integrating GIS and BIM
Authors: Gao Yan , Xiong Guanyu , Hu Ziyu , Chai Chengzhang , Li Haijiang
Published: November 2024

As an emerging technology, digital twin (DT) is increasingly valued in bridge management for its potential to optimize asset operation and maintenance (O&M). However, traditional bridge management systems (BMS) and existing DT applications typically rely on standalone building information modeling (BIM) or geographic information system (GIS) platforms, with limited integration between BIM and GIS or consideration for their underlying graph structures. This study addresses these limitations by developing an integrated DT system that combines WebGIS, WebBIM, and graph algorithms within a three-layer architecture. The system design includes a common data environment (CDE) to address cross-platform compatibility, enabling real-time monitoring, drone-enabled inspection, maintenance planning, traffic diversion, and logistics optimization. Additionally, it features an adaptive data structure incorporating JSON-based bridge defect information modeling and triple-based roadmap graphs to streamline data management and decision-making. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the potential of DTs to enhance bridge O&M efficiency, safety, and decision-making. Future research will focus on further improving cross-platform interoperability to expand DT applications in infrastructure management.
Control and Utilization of Immigrant Guildhalls: Examining the Layout Rules in Chengdu Prefecture During the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Xiao Wenbin , Huang E , Thiri Khaing Chaw , Yang Huiqiao , Li Heping
Published: November 2024

The immigrant guildhall was an important landscape element in the cities of Sichuan during the Qing Dynasty. This study explores the attribute characteristics, spatial distribution characteristics, and spatial layout rules of immigrant guildhalls by examining the Chengdu prefectural city during the Qing Dynasty as an example, using qualitative logical induction, GIS spatial analysis, and spatial syntax. The results show the following. (1) Immigrant guildhalls were civic buildings with a low level of support for the official regime. They had a grand scale, prominent building height, and unique architectural shape. (2) The layout rules for immigrant guildhalls included keeping immigrant guildhalls a certain distance from the dominant administrative, cultural, and educational facilities. Immigrant guildhalls had limited participation in the construction of the main axis of the city but partially participated in the construction of the secondary axis of the city. Immigrant guildhalls were mainly located in areas with well-developed businesses and convenient road transportation. (3) The official adopts two methods, control and utilization, to enable immigrant guildhalls to participate in the construction of the urban landscape order. These findings reveal the characteristics of the layout of immigrant guildhalls in the city during the Qing Dynasty and provide a basis for understanding the construction order of traditional Chinese cities.
Importance of Design in Smart Digitalization: Smart Living Environments for the Aging Korean Elderly
Authors: Oh Mihyun
Published: November 2024

This study explores the key considerations in designing a smart environment for the elderly, aiming to enhance their effective use of such space environments within a structure such as a building. A survey was conducted among a limited sample of elderly recipients in South Korea to explore the relationship between the frequency and usefulness of smart digitalization usage and various factors, including design elements, age, and perceived necessity. By identifying the needs of modern elderly people regarding smart environments, the study aims to provide implications for the direction of smart environments for the elderly, thereby contributing to the creation of a sustainable society in various ways. The study results are as follows. First, in terms of design factors, eco-friendliness was identified as a major factor influencing both the frequency of use and the convenience of the elderly in smart environments. Second, the age group of the elderly was found to be a significant variable affecting the frequency of use and the convenience of smart environments. Third, variables such as an emergency environment, a comfortable environment, and a healthy environment with regard to environmental factors, as well as maintenance, aesthetics, and safety in design elements, were found to have no statistically significant impact. These findings suggest that simply considering environmental friendliness or aesthetics is insufficient in designing a smart residential environment for the elderly, and that design strategies prioritizing the actual user experience and convenience are necessary.
Safety Dynamic Monitoring and Rapid Warning Methods for Mechanical Shaft
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Xinlong , Wen Weilong , Liu Gaoyu , Chen Jian , Tong Huawei
Published: November 2024

In the context of urban space constraints, subway and underground projects have become crucial strategies to alleviate urban congestion and enhance residents’ quality of life. However, pit engineering, a frequent accident area in geotechnical engineering, urgently requires innovative safety monitoring technologies. Traditional monitoring methods face challenges such as high labor costs, lengthy monitoring cycles, high-risk working environments, and over-reliance on human judgment. To address these issues, this paper introduces an innovative monitoring system integrating Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technology based on a subway pit project in Guangzhou. This system not only achieves fully automated data acquisition but also includes an intelligent monitoring cloud platform, providing unprecedented automated and intelligent monitoring solutions for support structures and the surrounding environment during mechanical shaft construction. The key findings of this paper include the following: (1) The breakthrough application of distributed optical fiber monitoring technology, including successfully deploying this advanced technology in complex pit engineering environments, enabling the precise and continuous monitoring of support structures and surrounding changes, and demonstrating its high effectiveness and intelligence in practical engineering. (2) The innovative design of an intelligent safety monitoring system. By integrating sensors and wireless communication technology, an efficient data networking architecture is constructed, supporting remote configuration and flexible adjustment of monitoring equipment, significantly enhancing data collection‘s real-time performance and continuity while greatly reducing safety risks for field staff, achieving an intelligent upgrade of monitoring work. (3) Comprehensive and accurate empirical analysis. During shaft excavation, the monitoring data collected by the system were stable and reliable, with all indicators maintained within reasonable ranges and closely matching expected changes caused by construction activities, validating the system’s practical application effectiveness in complex construction environments and providing a scientific basis for pit engineering safety management.
Lung Cancer Associated with Cystic Airspaces: Current Insights into Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Wang Kun , Leng Xuechun , Yi Hang , Zhang Guochao , Hu Zhongwu , Mao Yousheng
Published: November 2024

Lung cancer associated with cystic airspaces (LCCA) is a rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for 1–4% of cases. LCCA is characterized by the presence of cystic airspaces within or at the periphery of the tumor on imaging. LCCA poses significant clinical challenges due to its high risk of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, often leading to a worse prognosis compared to other forms of lung cancer. While previous studies have identified correlations between the pathological features and imaging characteristics of LCCA, research on its associated driver gene mutations and responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy remains limited. Furthermore, the development of an appropriate T-staging system is necessary to improve prognostic outcomes. This review provides an overview of the current research on the definition, imaging classification, pathological and molecular mechanisms, and prognosis of LCCA, aiming to provide a reference for clinical decision-making.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Strategies: Major Guidelines and Screening Advances
Authors: Wu Gavin , Bajestani Nojan , Pracha Nooruddin , Chen Cindy , Makary Mina S.
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with prognosis and treatment outcomes that are significantly influenced by the stage at diagnosis. Early detection through regular surveillance is crucial for improving patient outcomes, especially in high-risk groups such as those with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B. Geographic variations in HCC risk factors, including viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have led to the development of different international surveillance guidelines. This review aims to compare and evaluate the surveillance strategies proposed by the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL), the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), and the European Association for the Study of the Liver and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EASL–EORTC). Methods: The review examined and compared major international guidelines on HCC surveillance, focusing on patient selection, imaging modalities, and the integration of biomarkers. We also explored recent advancements in screening techniques, including artificial intelligence and emerging biomarkers, to identify future directions for improving surveillance strategies. Results: Our analysis identified key differences in the guidelines, particularly in imaging modality preferences and the use of biomarkers for early detection. While all guidelines place emphasis on high-risk populations, the inclusion criteria and surveillance intervals vary. Additionally, novel technologies such as artificial intelligence show potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of HCC detection. Conclusions: This review highlights the need to harmonize the international guidelines, particularly in regard to patients with non-cirrhotic NAFLD who remain under-represented in current surveillance protocols. Future research should focus on integrating emerging technologies and biomarkers to improve early detection and overall patient outcomes.
Correction: Avena et al. 27-Hydroxycholesterol Binds GPER and Induces Progression of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 1521
Authors: Avena Paola , Casaburi Ivan , Zavaglia Lucia , Nocito Marta C. , La Padula Davide , Rago Vittoria , Dong Jing , Thomas Peter , Mineo Chieko , Sirianni Rosa , Shaul Philip W.
Published: November 2024

In the original publication [...]
Frailty and Overall Survival of Older Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Giannotti Chiara , Ottaviani Silvia , Muzyka Mariya , Tagliafico Luca , Bacigalupo Almalina , Belgioia Liliana , Tominaj Celjeta , Vecchio Stefania , Monacelli Fiammetta , Nencioni Alessio
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Over 60% of diagnoses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) occur in patients aged over 65. The benefits of radiotherapy (RT) combined with chemotherapy remain controversial in geriatric patients. Frailty stratification is underutilized in clinical practice despite evidence suggesting its predictive power. We aimed to assess the impact of pre-treatment frailty stratification on overall survival (OS) and acute radiation-related toxicity in a cohort of older patients with HNSCC. Methods: A prospective cohort of 117 patients aged ≥65 years with newly diagnosed HNSCC was enrolled between 2017 and 2022. Patients received RT with or without chemotherapy. Frailty was assessed using the 40-item Frailty Index (FI) as part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The primary outcomes were OS and acute RT toxicity, defined as a grade ≥ 3 based on CTCAE 5.0. Cox proportional hazard models and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, tumor stage, and chemotherapy, were used. Results: After a median follow-up of 819 days, FI (HR 1.478, 95% CI 1.182–1.848, p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of OS. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities were observed in 38% of patients, but frailty was not significantly associated with toxicity. A sub-analysis of oropharyngeal carcinoma patients demonstrated improved OS in HPV-positive patients (HR 0.231, 95% CI 0.078–0.686, p = 0.008). Conclusions: the standardized introduction of frailty assessment in the evaluation of older HNSCC patients holds great promise for predicting long-term survival. This approach could be crucial in tailoring treatment protocols that account for the biological heterogeneity of older adults.
Preparation and Electrocatalytic Properties of One-Dimensional Nanorod-Shaped N, S Co-Doped Bimetallic Catalysts of FeCuS-N-C
Authors: Shi Hong , Wu Lina , Zhang Qi , Zhang Yizhou , Sun Wentao , Liu Chunbo , Zhang Rongxian
Published: November 2024

Metal air batteries have gradually attracted public attention due to their advantages such as high power density, high energy density, high energy conversion efficiency, and clean and green products. Reasonable design of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high cost-effectiveness, high activity, and high stability is of great significance. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, and designability, which make them widely used in many fields, especially in catalysis. This paper starts with regulating and optimizing the composition and structure of MOFs. A series of N, S co-doped electrocatalysts FeCuS-N-C were prepared by two high-temperature pyrolysis processes using N-doped carbon hollow nanorods derived from ZIF-8 as the substrate. The one-dimensional nanorod material derived from this MOF exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR performance (Eonset = 0.998 V, E1/2 = 0.874 V). When used as the air cathode catalyst for zinc air batteries and assembled into liquid ZABs, the battery discharge curve was calculated and found to have a maximum power density of 142.7 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 817.1 mAh gZn−1, and a cycling stability test of over 400 h. This study provides an innovative approach for designing and optimizing non-precious metal catalysts for zinc air batteries.
FeCo Alloy-Decorated Proton-Conducting Perovskite Oxide as an Efficient and Low-Cost Ammonia Decomposition Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Xueyan , Teng Qingfeng , Tao Haoliang , Tang Wenqiang , Chen Yiwei , Zhou Bofang , Sang Junkang , Huang Senrui , Guan Wanbing , Li Hua , Zhu Liangzhu
Published: November 2024

Ammonia is known as an alternative hydrogen supplier because of its high hydrogen content and convenient storage and transport. Hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition also provides a source of hydrogen for fuel cells. While catalysts composed of ruthenium metal atop various support materials have proven to be effective for ammonia decomposition, non-precious-metal-based catalysts are attracting more attention due to desires to reduce costs. We prepared a series of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu monometallic catalysts and their alloys as catalysts over proton-conducting ceramics via the impregnation method as precious-metal-free ammonia decomposition catalysts. While Co and Ni showed superior performance compared to Fe, Mn, and Cu on a BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−б (BZCYYb) support as an ammonia decomposition catalyst, the cost of Fe is much lower than that of other metals. Alloying Fe with Co can significantly increase the conversion and stability and lower the overall cost of materials. The measured ammonia decomposition rate of FeCo/BZCYYb reached 100% at 600 °C, and the ammonia decomposition rate was almost unchanged during the long-term test of 200 h, which reveals its good catalytic activity for ammonia decomposition and thermal stability. When the metallic catalyst remained unchanged, BZCYYb also exhibited better performance compared to other commonly used oxide supports. Finally, when ammonia cracked using our alloy catalyst was fed to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the peak power densities were very close to that achieved with a simulated fully cracked gas stream, i.e., 75% H2 + 25% N2, thus proving the effectiveness of this new type of ammonia decomposition catalyst.
Bovine NMRAL2 Protein Blunts Nitric Oxide Production and Inflammatory Response in Mycobacterium bovis Infected Bovine Lung Epithelial Cells
Authors: Peng Yongchong , Zhou Shiying , Sun Qin , Zhou Xinjun , Wang Chao , Wang Zijian , Iftakhar Tahira , Zhu Yifan , Xie Shengsong , Chen Xi , Zhang Lei , Hu Changmin , Chen Yingyu , Guo Aizhen
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis (TB), primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent globally. Intracellular survival is crucial for their virulence; yet, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to demonstrate the significance of a previously unannotated bovine gene ENSBTAG00000011305 in M. bovis intracellular survival. This gene was termed NMRAL2_Bovine due to its inclusion of the NmrA domain which has a relation to nitric oxide (NO) production. We used CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out NMRAL2_Bovine in bovine lung epithelial cells and observed a significant decrease in M. bovis-induced cell death and the intracellular bacterial count, alongside increased NO levels. A transcriptome analysis revealed the upregulation of pathways linked to NO, IL-6, and TNF-α production, which was confirmed by the increased expression of iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α. Correspondingly, Western blotting indicated that key signaling pathways, including NF-κB and MAPK, were activated. In conclusion, our findings determined that NMRAL2_Bovine functions as a negative regulator of the inflammatory response induced by M. bovis infection at the cellular level and, thereby, provide a novel insight into TB pathogenesis and a potential target for developing novel host-directed therapies against TB.
Microtubule Association of EML4–ALK V3 Is Key for the Elongated Cell Morphology and Enhanced Migration Observed in V3 Cells
Authors: Papageorgiou Savvas , Pashley Sarah L. , O’Regan Laura , Straatman Kees R. , Fry Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

The EML4–ALK oncogene drives tumour progression in approximately 5% of cases of non-small-cell lung cancers. At least 15 EML4–ALK variants have been identified, which elicit differential responses to conventional ALK inhibitors. Unfortunately, most, if not all, patients eventually acquire resistance to these inhibitors and succumb to the disease, which warrants the need for alternative targets to be identified. The most aggressive variant, EML4–ALK variant 3 (V3), assembles into a complex on interphase microtubules together with the NEK9 and NEK7 kinases, which leads to the downstream phosphorylation of NEK7 substrates. Overall, this promotes an elongated cell morphology and an enhanced migratory phenotype, which likely contributes to the increased metastasis often seen in V3 patients. Here, using two separate approaches to displace V3 from microtubules and a variety of in vitro assays, we show that microtubule association of EML4–ALK V3 is required for both V3 phenotypes, as removal of the oncogenic fusion protein from microtubules led to the dissociation of the V3–NEK9–NEK7 complex and the reversal of both phenotypic changes. Overall, we propose that targeting the interaction between EML4–ALK V3 and microtubules might offer a novel therapeutic option, independent of ALK activity, for V3+ NSCLC patients with acquired resistance to ALK inhibitors.