bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Flouting of Conversational Maxims by Grice on ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’ Short Story
Authors: Ikawati Listiana
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to analyze the use of flouted conversational maxims found in “A Clean, Well-lighted Place” short story by Ernest Hemingway. This is qualitative research with content analysis research design. The results of the study reveal two main findings. First, from the total data of 50, 27 (54%) data contain the flouted conversational maxims. The highest frequency of flouting is found in the maxim of relevance in which there are 11 data (40.74%) and 4 data (14.81%) represent the lowest frequency which is the flouting of the maxim of manner. The number of flouting in the maxim of quantity and quality is 7 (25.93%) and 5 (18.52%) respectively. Second, those maxims are flouted for certain reasons such as avoiding the speaker to be direct and impolite when talking about darkness and loneliness, being old and nothingness as the themes of the short story. By flouting the maxim of quality, the speaker tries to keep a secret. The speaker avoids responding to negative opinions or showing his disagreement by flouting the maxim of quantity. The speaker’s flouting on the maxim of quality is done to maintain the conversation and to keep a secret the speaker the maxim of manner is flouted. Thus, flouting the conversational maxims is sometimes done by the interlocutors which does not necessarily mean that they do not want to maintain the conversation, yet it is another way to avoid the conversation breakdowns. Based on the result of the research, the study implies that it is important for both interlocutors to have common belief that successful communication requires them to cooperate and maintain the communication either by adhering the conversational maxims or even flouting the maxims due to certain reasons
Status Aktivitas FIsik dan Aktivitas Pengalihan Jenuh Mahasiswa di Banyumas selama masa Covid-19
Authors: Purnamasari Ajeng Dian , Wahyurin Izka Sofiyya , Rahmah Hiya Alfi
Published: August 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah aktivitas fisik akibat kegiatan sehari-hari yang tidak banyak berpindah untuk keluar rumah terutama pada mahasiswa, yang terdampak kebijakan belajar dari rumah dengan metode daring yang memperbanyak waktu hanya berada didepan komputer. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana kondisi status aktivitas fisik pada mahasiswa diwilayah Banyumas pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yang sudah berlangsung lebih dari 1 (satu) tahun di Indonesia (pengumpulan seluruh data sampai April 2021). Dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, mengukur aktivitas fisik mahasiswa melalui recall kegiatan yang menggunakan International Physical Activities Questioneir (IPAQ), kemudian menghitung jumlah waktu aktivitas dalam pengukuran Metabolism Equivalent Test (MET). Jumlah responden sebanyak 329 yang terdiri dari mahasiswa di Kabupaten Banyumas. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah data estimasi waktu pelaksanaan suatu aktivitas harian selama 1 minggu yaitu 140 responden dalam katagori tidak aktif, 111 responden dalam katagori aktivitas sedang dan 78 responden tetap dalam tingkat aktivitas tinggi, dan 66,75% aktivitas responden untuk mengurangi kejenuhan adalah aktivitas yang mendukung perilaku sedentari. Simpulan, sebagai temuan pada responden berupa angka aktifitas fisik rendah yang mendekati angka setengah responden, dan terdapat kemungkinan peningkatan individu beresiko penyakit akibat kekurangan gerak selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Kegiatan pengalihan jenuh yang dilakukan responden mendukung penurunan aktifitas fisik
Halal blockchain: Bibliometric analysis for mapping research
Authors: Yanti Roaida , Febrianti Melinska Ayu , Qurtubi  , Sulistio Joko
Published: August 2022

Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to identify patterns and directions of halal blockchain research and find out the development of halal blockchain research trends.Methodology – This study used data from various articles in the Google Scholar database with the publication year limited from 2011 to 2022. Data collection used Harzing's Publish or Perish software. There were 353 articles that matched the keyword and they were processed by bibliometric analysis. Findings – This study found the basic pattern in halal blockchain research, trends in halal blockchain research, the relationship among research, research gaps, researchers who research a lot on halal Blockchain and the most published publications.Implications – This study contributes an overview of bibliometric studies in the halal blockchain literature, which can widen the previous literature and show more focused study topics by examining the abstracts and content of published articles. Findings related to evaluative and relational techniques can be helpful information for researchers, especially those new to this field of study. This bibliometric approach can be invaluable, especially for graduate students in supply chain management, logistics management, and industrial engineering.Originality – The originality offered by this research is to process research documents based on halal blockchain journals on Google Scholar. Thus, a lot of information and knowledge about halal Blockchain over the last 10th years can be useful for further research.
Pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, IPM, dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan provinsi-provinsi di pulau Jawa
Authors: Yoertiara Ratiarum Fatika , Feriyanto Nur
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of economy development, Human Development Index, and Degree of Open Unemployment, in regards to the disparity of income in 6 provinces in the island of Java in the 2012-2015 period.

Methods – This research uses data panel from 2012-2021 period in 6 provinces in Java.

Findings – The result of this research shows that the variables of economic development doesn’t affect the disparity of income significantly. The Human Development Index (IPM) shows negative effect and significancy in regards to the disparity of income, while the Degree of Open unemployment variables affect positively and significantly towards the disparity of income.

Implication – Improvement on working skills for job seekers, opening more job vacancy for employers, and regional government’s actions are needed in order to improve regional quality which in turn will decrease the disparity of income in various regions across Java.

Originality – This research analyzes the factors that affect the disparity of income in various provinces in Java.

 

Abstrak

Tujuan – Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan 6 Provinsi di Pulau Jawa dalam periode 2012-2021.

Metode – Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel periode 2012 hingga 2021 pada 6 Provinsi di Pulau Jawa.

Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Variabel IPM menunjukkan pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, sedangkan variabel TPT berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.

Implikasi – Diperlukan peningkatan keterampilan kerja bagi pencari kerja atau pengusaha agar dapat membuka lapangan kerja serta peran pemerintah daerah akan sangat penting dalam membentuk kualitas daerah yang pada akhirnya dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan di berbagai daerah di Pulau Jawa.

Orisinalitas – Penelitian ini menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan di provinsi yang ada di Pulau Jawa.
Book Review:The Compact Australian Bird Guide
Authors: Frith Clifford , Valentine Peter
Published: August 2022

n/a
Hanehalkı Tipinin Yoksulluk ve Ekonomik Zorluk Çekme Riski Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: GEMİCİOĞLU Selçuk
Published: August 2022

Hanehalkı yapısındaki ve büyüklüğündeki değişimler, farklı türde hanehalklarında yaşayan bireylerin yoksulluk ve ekonomik zorluk çekme risklerinin farklılaşmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki tür hanehalkı tipi tanımlaması kullanarak, hanehalkı tipinin yoksulluk ve ekonomik zorluk çekme riski üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Analizler Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından derlenen 2011-2019 dönemi Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırmasından elde edilen veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre yoksulluk ve ekonomik zorluk çekme riskinin farklı hanehalkı tiplerinde yaşayan bireyler arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Yoksulluk riskinin en yüksek olduğu kesimin, çocuğun bulunduğu özellikle de bağımlı çocuğun olduğu çekirdek ailelerde ve geniş ailelerde yaşayanlar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ekonomik zorluk çekme riskinin en yüksek olduğu kesimin ise tek ebeveyn ve bağımlı çocuğun bulunduğu çekirdek ailelerde yaşayanlar olduğu görülmüştür.
Türkiye’de Sağlık Sektöründe Kamu Özel Ortaklığı Üzerine Yapılmış Çalışmaların Bibliyometrik Analizi: YÖKTEZ ve Dergipark İncelemesi
Authors: FİDAN TÜRKÖN Buse , EKE Erdal
Published: August 2022

Kamu özel ortaklığı, günümüzde çok farklı sektör ve projelerde kullanılan bir model olarak bilinmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de sağlık sektöründe kamu özel ortaklığı üzerine YÖKTEZ ve Dergipark veri tabanlarında yayınlanmış olan çalışmaların bibliyometrik analiz yöntemine tabi tutulması ve bu doğrultuda geniş kapsamlı bir çerçeve çizilmesidir. İlgili veri tabanlarından “sağlık sektöründe kamu özel ortaklığı, sağlık sektöründe kamu özel iş birliği, şehir hastanesi ve şehir hastaneleri” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak 2010-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan Türkiye’de sağlık sektöründe kamu özel ortaklığı modelini konu alan yayınlar analize dâhil edilmiş; şehir hastanelerini farklı araştırma konuları için veri toplama sahası olarak kullanan çalışmalar kapsam dışı bırakılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen taramalar sonucunda YÖKTEZ veri tabanı üzerinden çalışma kapsamına giren toplam 20 yüksek lisans tezi, Dergipark veri tabanı üzerinden ise toplam 25 makale analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre, son on yılda en fazla tez çalışmasının 2019 yılında yapıldığı; makalelerde ise son üç yılda yazılan makale sayısının, toplam makalelerin %60’ını oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de nispeten yeni olan kamu özel ortaklığı uygulamalarındaki deneyim ve uzman görüşlerinin arttırılmasına ve yoğunlaştırılmasına, akademik çalışmaların da ciddi oranda destek sağlayacağı öngörülmekte ve bu yönde çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmaktadır.
Technical assessment of the Old, Mississippi, Atchafalaya, and Red (OMAR) Rivers : Mississippi River multi-dimensional model
Authors: Savant Gaurav , Brown Gary , Ayres Steven
Published: August 2022

This report is part of the (OMAR) Assessment (defined herein), intended to provide a comprehensive assessment of the interconnected Mississippi, Red, and Atchafalaya Rivers, and the potential results of various changes. This report details the multi-dimensional modeling efforts undertaken to characterize the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic response of the Mississippi River to both the existing configuration and to various proposed operational, dredging, and structural scenarios.
Feasibility Study of Rigless ESP Deployment in Multizone Wells: A Case Study of Mariann Field, Oriente Basin
Authors: Reinoso Bruno Stalin
Published: August 2022

Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) assist most of the wells in the Oriente basin because of their capacity to lift large amounts of fluids, commonly in mature fields. However, this technology has a limited run life and is prone to intervention and operational challenges. This proposal aims to reduce intervention time and operating costs in multizone wells using rigless technology. Compared to traditional well interventions, rigless ESP permits a replacement operation in a shorter time, thus, reducing cost and deferred production.

The company completed a drilling campaign in the southern area of the Mariann field, obtaining outstanding results during the first months of production. The operator considered producing several reservoirs simultaneously using modern completion techniques as a viable alternative to accelerate production from these wells. The acquired experience in the first two wells completed with rigless ESP technology in the Tarapoa Block allowed us to illustrate the technical and economic advantages of combining rigless technology with intelligent completion systems. This paper describes the current state of this technology in Ecuador. It addresses several important aspects such as completion design, ESP selection, nodal analysis, and production planning from Lower U and Basal Tena reservoirs. Economic implications of this technology compared to dual completions are also discussed.

The candidate well was Mariann-56 due to its excellent reservoirs and remaining reserves. Based on production engineering and economic analysis, this study confirmed the feasibility of rigless multizone technology and improved the field's learning curve in multizone wells. The most significant results indicate that the company could reduce intervention time by more than ten days, representing an 80% reduction in time typically used for an ESP replacement using a workover rig. The operator could also optimize the project's economics by approximately USD 1.1 million in the first intervention related to deferred production and intervention costs. In addition, managing water cut using flow control valves maximizes well performance and provides better economic results.

The following paper consists of a complete engineering and economic study useful for the decision-making process that will serve as a guide to improving ESP cost efficiency in multizone completions.
A Revolutionary Packer Type Gas Separator that Involves Gravity Force to Exceed Traditional Gas Separation Efficiency in Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Gonzalez Gustavo , Guanacas Luis , Portilla Carlos , Vazhappilly Neil Johnson
Published: August 2022

A revolutionary packer-type gas separator was designed to improve downhole gas separation efficiency. A deep analysis of gas separation methods was done to understand the process's nature and design a tool that could generate enhanced conditions for the gas separation phenomenon. During the research stages where data from Permian fields were analyzed to develop this new design of gas separator, the engineering team found three main challenges in downhole gas separation. First, the wells were converted from Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) to Rod Pumps earlier, forcing the downhole gas separators to handle more production. Second, the small production casing size usually is 5.5" casing, which significantly reduces the annulus area, which is vital to get an effective gas separation efficiency, and third the gas slugging behavior, which in high proportion can lead to a gas lock-in sucker rod pump system. A packer-type gas separator was designed, built, and tested in multiple wells following the requirements and limitations. This gas separator has an outlet section of 1.89" O.D., which means the design maximizes the gas separation area where it really matters at the fluid outlet point. The revolutionary fluid exit slots design creates a linear flow path allowing gas to separate and flow upward the casing annulus in a natural way. Additionally, a valve below the cup packer was included to eliminate surging. This valve prevents surging by holding the fluid in the vertical section, thus avoiding backflow when the gas slug leaves liquids behind. A calculator was developed to estimate the gas separation efficiency downhole and compare the gas separation efficiency among different gas separators to evaluate the new design. After the implementation of this design in 5 wells, the results confirmed the high gas separation efficiency obtained with this new gas separator configuration. The novelty of this gas separator design is the outlet section that takes advantage of the gravity force to increase the gas separation efficiency without limiting the tensile strength of the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA).
A New Method to Significantly Simplify the API Flow Tests for Gas-Lift Valves
Authors: Simoes Maciel Felipe , Waltrich Paulo
Published: August 2022

Accurate gas lift valve (GLV) performance is crucial for precise gas lift system design, but complex and time-consuming testing techniques are required to obtain valve performance correlations. Therefore, this paper presents a modeling approach that aims to reduce the testing effort and obtain the coefficients required for valve performance correlations. Specifically, the model replicates the flow capacity test (FCT) described in the API 11V2 (2001) and API 19G2 (2010) to determine the flow coefficient (Cv) and critical pressure ratio (Rcp) for gas lift valves (GLV). Technically, the FCT requires a modified GLV with an adjustable stem positioning system to obtain flow rate as a function of pressure drop and calculating Cv and Rcp for each stem travel. Among the drawbacks of the FCT are the valve modification itself and the large number of tests necessary. The proposed approach employs a 1D mechanistic model that considers equivalent diameters of the GLV orifice port and the check valve opening area to calculate the gas flow rate. The pressure drop across the restrictions is derived from Bernoulli's equation and used to calculate the flow rate, Cv and Rcp for several stem positions of the gas lift valve. Experimental data from a dynamic flow test (API 11V2) is used to calibrate the model. Simulation results of 12 different valves are compared to the Valve Performance Clearinghouse (VPC) database to validate the modeling approach. The VPC database was created based on GLV flow tests for valves from several manufacturers with different models and configurations. Results of flow capacity using the 1D mechanistic modeling show a consistent agreement with the VPC database. Overall, the error was always below 15% for both Cv and Rcp, which is a positive result considering that the current most accurate method shows errors of up to 25%. Even though the 1D modeling may be oversimplified given the consideration of 3D area changes as equivalent circular diameters, the method predicts Cv and Rcp with considerable accuracy. Moreover, the calibration using only one dynamic flow test result significantly reduces the time required to perform an FCT and eliminates the need to modify a GLV.
Tailoring Digital Approaches for Monitoring and Predictive Diagnosis for Sucker Rod Pumping Systems
Authors: Tran Ngoc Lam , Karami Hamidreza , Bello Opeyemi , Teodoriu Catalin
Published: August 2022

Sucker-rod pumps (SRP) are the most common form of artificial lift in depleted oil wells. Given vast datasets collected from years of operation, many operators are enacting digital technology to generate automated artificial lift systems. However, their online monitoring and optimization come with many challenges. Therefore, the individually engineered artificial lift is an imminent solution for long-term production, while maintaining cost efficiency. The key to make sucker-rod pumps operate effectively lies in downhole condition diagnostics. The emerging big-data analytics have provided relatively precise downhole condition forecasting based on available data, enabling better decision making. This study focuses on developing a testing digital SRP application, while leveraging analytical approaches to diagnose its operational anomalies.

This study presents an experimental and analytical workflow to monitor sucker-rod pumps and perform diagnostics using a designed Interactive Digital Sucker-Rod Pumping Unit (IDSRP). This unit consists of a vertical 50-ft long facility with a downhole rod pump at the bottom and proper instrumentation, capable of simulating a rod-pumped wellbore's operation. A linear actuator is used to provide the rod string's reciprocating movement and simulate different surface units and operating scenarios. The system utilizes the application of Pulse-width Modulation (PWM) technique and data-acquisition system (DAQ) to obtain analog results through signals detected by sensor. The surface dynamometer cards, and time-driven pressure and rate data are collected to train a cloud-based analytics software platform. The wave equation of Gibbs is used to draw the downhole pump card from the surface card. Some of the tested scenarios are normal pump operation with varying rates and varying levels of pumping off at the pump inlet.

The applied online prototype is designed to provide a step towards digitized automation systems. The setup is used to generate datasets for the rod-pump's operation at varying pump speeds, stroke lengths, and rod movement profiles. The collected data include the flowrate, bottomhole and surface pressures, and the dyno cards. The digitized transformation algorithms develop these physics-based inputs to generate predictive models, thus classifying operational conditions or failures of the pump. The model dynamically categorizes the pumps into key states of ideal condition and over-pumping with a regression fit accuracy of higher than 0.7 and overall classification accuracy of 92%.

The novelty of this setup consists not only of its mechatronic design but also allows thorough performance monitoring of the pump, thus easily validating models. The results have the potential of becoming a tool to optimize and shorten the downtime for repairing pump failures.
Wireless Sensor Technology to Monitor Rod Rotator Performance
Authors: Treiberg Terry , Furr Brandon
Published: August 2022

Mechanical rod rotators have been used as part of the beam lift artificial lift system since the concept was first patented in the 1930's. By rotating the rods, the frictional wear surface can be distributed around the circumference of the rod, versus on a single side of the rod. By distributing the wear surface, the rod life can be significantly extended. In the same way, the industry has used tubing rotators to derive this same benefit on the tubing, distributing the wear around the inner circumference of the tubing.

One of the biggest challenges associated with operating rotators is being able to confirm that proper rotation of the rods is taking place. The speed of rotation is very slow and is not easily observable without carefully watching the rods for several strokes, and often requires an observer to be very close to the rod string. Because of this challenge, the failure or malfunction of a rotator can go undetected for long periods of time, which often results in premature failure of the rod system, leading to excess cost and downtime.

This paper will explore some of the traditional methods that have been used to monitor rod rotators, including some of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. It will also introduce a new wireless sensor that is capable of remotely reporting not only the proper operation of a rotator, but also the actual speed of rotation, which is very useful to understand the rotator's performance and to detect progressive failure. Field trial data was gathered as the algorithms were improved to eventually yield accurate monitoring capabilities. This data will be presented, along with several conclusions. This innovative sensor is adaptable to existing rotators and can be easily integrated into existing pump-off controllers, so it is agnostic with respect to the manufacturer of the equipment and will have broad application for rod pump wells in the industry.
A Multi-surgeon Robotic-guided Thoracolumbar Fusion Experience: Accuracy, Radiation, Complications, Readmissions, and Revisions of 3,874 Screws across Three Robotic Generations
Authors: Thomson Alexandra E. , Orosz Lindsay D. , Haines Colin M. , Jazini Ehsan , Bhatt Fenil R. , Grigorian Julia N. , Sabet Andre D. , Roy Rita , Schuler Thomas C. , Good Christopher R.
Published: August 2022

Objective: Robotic guidance provides indirect visualization of key anatomic landmarks to facilitate minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and is emerging as a reliable and accurate technique for posterior spine instrumentation. We sought to describe eight years of experience with robotic guidance at a high-volume, multi-surgeon center. We hypothesize that robotic guidance will lead to (1) low rates of complication, readmissions, and revision surgery, (2) reduced fluoroscopic radiation exposure, (3) and accurate thoracolumbar instrumentation.Methods: A retrospective review of complications, revision surgery, and readmission rates in patients undergoing thoracolumbar fusion surgery utilizing three robotic generations. Secondary analysis was conducted comparing the three robotic generations for complications, revision surgery, accuracy, and readmission rates along with intraoperative fluoroscopic duration. Results: A total of 628 patients (3,874 robotic-guided screws) ages 12–81 years-old (43.9% male) were included in the study. At one year, the cumulative complication incidence was 15.5% with a 10.3% incidence of surgical complications (3.7% wound, 1.2% robot-related, and 5.4% non-robot-related complications). At one year, the revision surgery incidence was 9.4%. There was no statistical difference between complications, readmission, or revision surgery after initial admission among the three robotic generations. The average intraoperative fluoroscopic duration was 53.8 seconds (11.9 seconds per screw and 17.6 seconds per instrumented level).Conclusion: Robotic guidance in thoracolumbar instrumented fusions was associated with low complication, revision surgery, and readmission rates. Our results suggest robotic guidance can provide accurate guidance with minimal adverse events in thoracolumbar instrumentation.
Gut microbiota profiles in mental disorders and their association with behavior in children and adolescents.
Authors: Soltysova Marcela , Tomova Aleksandra , Ostatnikova Daniela
Published: August 2022

The aim of our work is to summarize the current state of knowledge on gut microbiota changes in children and adolescents with mental illnesses. To our knowledge, this is the first review comparing gut microbiota changes in various mental disorders in children and adolescents. To find the relevant articles, the PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were searched. Articles in English presenting original data and comparing the composition of gut microbiota in child psychiatric patients with gut microbiota in healthy children and adolescents were selected. Finally, we identified 42 articles eligible for our purpose. The majority of patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were investigated. A smaller number of studies evaluating the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Rett syndrome, anorexia nervosa, major depressive disorder and tic disorders were found. The main findings of this research are discussed in our review, focusing on the association between the gut microbiota and behavioural manifestations. To conclude, the gut microbiota in children and adolescents with mental disorders is evidently different from that in controls. Most pronounced changes are seen in children with autism spectrum disorders. These changes might be associated with often present gastrointestinal manifestations but, in general, also play a pathogenetic role in behavioural disorders. Based on research findings, we assume that there is a perspective of gut microbiota correction to improve clinical symptoms in psychiatry.
Differences in County-Level Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Rates due to Damage Caused by Hurricane Matthew and the Moderating Effects of Social Capital: A Natural Experiment
Authors: McCann Zachary H. , Szaflarski Magdalena
Published: August 2022

BackgroundAs the climate continues to warm hurricanes will continue to increase in both severity and frequency. Hurricane damage is associated with cardiovascular events, but social capital may moderate this relationship. We examined the association between county-level hurricane damage and cardiovascular mortality rates after Hurricane Matthew, and the moderating effect of several aspects of social capital on this relationship in post-disaster contexts. Social capital refers to the social relationships and structures that provide individuals with material, financial, and emotional resources throughout their lives. Previous research has found an association between high levels of social capital and lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. In post-disaster settings, social capital may protect against CVD mortality by improving access to life saving resources. We hypothesized that higher (vs. lower) hurricane damage would be associated with higher CVD mortality and measures of social capital would be associated with decreased CVD mortality in counties affected by Hurricane Matthew.MethodsCounty-level social data (n = 183) were compiled from federal surveys before and after Hurricane Matthew to construct, per prior literature, a social capital index based on four dimensions (sub-indices): family unity, informal civil society, institutional confidence, and collective efficacy. CVD mortality rate was constructed from epidemiological data. Changes in CVD mortality based on level of hurricane damage were assessed using regression adjustment. We used cluster robust Poisson population average models to determine the moderating effect of social capital on CVD mortality rates in both high and low damage counties.ResultsWe found that low levels of hurricane damage are associated with increased CVD mortality rates. Among the different social capital dimensions, institutional confidence was associated with reduced initial CVD mortality in high- damage counties (p ≤ .001), but its association with CVD mortality trends was null. The overall effects of social capital and its sub-indices were largely nonsignificant. ConclusionLow levels of hurricane damage are associated with increased CVD mortality for 18 months after Hurricane Matthew. The role of social capital remains unclear. Future research should focus on improving measurement of social capital and quality of hurricane damage and CVD mortality data.
MTX-PEG modified CG/DMMA polymeric micelles for targeted delivery of doxorubicin to induce synergistic autophagic death against triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Cao Zhiwen , Liu Rui , Li Yang , Luo Xinyi , Hua Zhenglai , Wang Xiangpeng , Xue Zeyu , Zhang Zhengjia , Lu Cheng , Lu Aiping , Liu Yuanyan
Published: August 2022

The chemotherapy of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on doxorubicin (DOX) regimens suffer from great challenges on toxicity and autophagy raised off-target. In this study, a conjugate methotrexate-polyethylene glycol (shorten as MTX-PEG) modified CG/DMMA polymeric micelles were prepared to endue DOX tumor selectivity and synergistic autophagic flux interference to reduce systematic toxicity and to improve anti-tumor capacity. The micelles could effectively promote the accumulation of autophagosomes in tumor cells and interfere with the degradation process of autophagic flux, collectively inducing autophagic death of tumor cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the micelles could exert improved anti-tumor effect and specificity, as well as reduced accumulation and damage of chemotherapeutic drugs in normal organs. The potential mechanism of synergistic autophagic death exerted by the synthesized micelles in MDA-MB-231 cells have been performed by autophagic flux-related pathway.
Automatic Comprehensive Aspects Reports in Clinical Acute Stroke MRIs
Authors: Faria Andreia , Liu Chin-Fu , Li Alice , Kim Ganghyun , Miller Michael , Hillis Argye
Published: August 2022

The Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) is a simple visual system to assess the extent and location of ischemic stroke core. The capability of ASPECTS for selecting patients’ treatment, however, is affected by the variability in human evaluation. In this study, we developed a fully automatic system to calculate ASPECTS comparable with consensus expert readings. Our system was trained in 400 clinical diffusion weighted images (DWIs) of patients with acute infarcts and evaluated with an external testing set of 100 cases. The models are interpretable, and the results are comprehensive, evidencing the features that lead to the classification. This system adds to our automated pipeline for acute stroke detection, segmentation, and quantification in MRIs (ADS), which outputs digital infarct masks and the proportion of diverse brain regions injured, in addition to the predicted ASPECTS, the prediction probability and the explanatory features. ADS is public, free, accessible to non-experts, has very few computational requirements, and run in real time in local CPUs with a single command line, fulfilling the conditions to perform large-scale, reproducible clinical and translational research
Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in newly diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and CKD: the Korean National Health Insurance Data
Authors: Kee Youn Kyung , Jeon Hee Jung , Oh Jieun , Yoo Tae-Hyn , Kang Dongwoo , lee Jungkuk , Shin Dong Ho
Published: August 2022

Background
Despite the benefits of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), whether NOAC therapy has a better risk-benefit profile than warfarin therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), including end-stage renal disease (ESRD), remains uncertain. We investigated the efficacy and safety of NOACs compared to warfarin in these patients using a nationwide database.
Methods
We evaluated patients with incident non-valvular AF and CKD in the Korea National Health Insurance Database from 2013 to 2018. The primary and secondary efficacy outcomes were ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality, respectively. The primary safety outcomes included intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and extracranial or unclassified major bleeding.
Results
Among the 1,885 patients, 970 (51.5%) initiated warfarin therapy, whereas 915 (48.5%) initiated NOAC therapy. Although NOAC users had a lower proportion of patients with ESRD than warfarin users (6.6% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.001), NOAC users had a higher Charlson comorbidity index, CHA2DS2-VASC score, and modified HAS-BLED score compared with warfarin users. During a mean follow-up period of 23.8 months, there were 293 and 214 cases of ischemic stroke and all-cause death, respectively. There was no difference in ischemic stroke between the two groups. However, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that all-cause mortality was significantly lower in NOAC users than in warfarin users. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality compared to warfarin therapy was 0.41 (95% CI, 0.30–0.56; p < 0.001) in NOAC therapy. Additionally, NOAC therapy significantly reduced intracranial hemorrhage and gastrointestinal bleeding in multivariate Cox regression analyses.
Conclusions
This study showed that NOAC therapy had a better risk-benefit profile than warfarin therapy in patients with AF and CKD. To clarify the benefits of NOACs in patients with AF and CKD, further well-designed clinical trials are needed.
Carbon neutrality does not equal climate neutrality in saltmarsh restoration
Authors: Nightingale Joseph , McMahon Lucy , Steinke Michael , McGenity Terry J. , Gehrels W. , Dumbrell Alex , Schäfer Hendrik , Redeker Kelly
Published: August 2022

Saltmarsh restoration efforts often highlight high carbon burial rates as a climate mitigation opportunity. We created a 200-year managed-realignment model incorporating carbon burial, albedo change, and emissions of climate-active compounds across three successive realignment stages: mudflat, realigned saltmarsh, and mature saltmarsh. Total climatic outcomes from all forcing agents differ substantially from those derived solely from carbon burial across latitude and over time. Latitude explains a significant proportion of variation in emissions for methane, methyl bromide, and methyl chloride in mature saltmarshes and carbon burial in mature and realigned saltmarshes. The climate mitigation effects of managed realignments were significantly reduced at subtropical latitudes, and aerosol and albedo impacts had greater influence on total radiative forcing relative to carbon burial. Future land-use mitigation strategies should therefore use spatiotemporally explicit accounting of climate-impacting processes and not rely solely on carbon budgets to underpin climate mitigation strategies.
Improving Remote Material Classification Ability with Thermal Imagery
Authors: Großmann Willi , Horn Helena , Niggemann Oliver
Published: August 2022

Material recognition using optical sensors is a key enabler technology in the field of automation. Nowadays, in the age of deeplearning, the challenge shifted from (manual) feature engineering to collecting big data. State of the art recognition approachesare based on deep neural networks employing huge databases.
But still, it is difficult to transfer these latest recognition results into the wild – various lighting conditions, a changing imagequality, or different and new material classes are challenging complications. Evaluating a larger electromagnetic spectrum isone way to master these challenges.
In this study, the infrared (IR) emissivity as a material specific property is investigated regarding its suitability for increasing thematerial classification reliability. Predictions of a deep learning model are combined with engineered features from IR data.This approach increases the overall accuracy and helps to differentiate between materials that visually appear similar. Thesolution is verified using real data from the field of automatized disinfection processes.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress impairs the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Shirawachi Satomi , Takeda Katsuhiro , Naruse Tomoya , Takahasi Yohei , Nakanishi Jun , Shindo Satoru , Shiba Hideki
Published: August 2022

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an inducer of oxidative stress on the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and the involvement of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3). hDPCs were exposed to H2O2. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were then evaluated. To investigate the effect of H2O2 on the calcification ability of hDPCs, real-time PCR for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA expression, ALP staining, and Alizarin red staining were performed. Data were compared with those of hDPCs pretreated with 2-aminoethyldiphenylborate (2-APB), which is an IP3 receptor inhibitor. H2O2 at concentrations above 250 µM significantly reduced cell viability. More ROS production occurred in 100 µM H2O2-treated hDPCs than in control cells. H2O2-treated hDPCs showed significant reductions in ALP mRNA expression, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule deposition compared with negative control cells. 2-APB significantly inhibited these reductions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the involvement of IP3 signaling in the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells impaired by H2O2. The results of the present study add molecular insight into internal root resorption and may provide a clue to the development of new therapeutic agents in endodontic therapy.
Transformative effects of COVID-19 pandemic in Health Professions Education: Experience of utilizing e-Learning from Medical Universities in Tanzania
Authors: Mugusi Sabina , Mbwambo Orgeness Jasper , Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , William Erick , Mloka Doreen , Amon Yohana , Ibrahim Glory , Kisenge Rodrick , Balandya Emmanuel , Peter Thandiwe Yvonne , Sirili Nathanael , Macfarlen Sarah , Mteta Kien , Kwesigabo Gideon
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a shift in education training both in high, middle and low-income countries with an increased need of adapting the e-Learning system to encounter the lockdown situation and social distancing. This article provides an overview of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on e-Learning and mitigations done among three medical universities in Tanzania that implements the Transforming Health Professional Education in Tanzania (THET) project. Methods: The study was conducted at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), and the Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences (CUHAS). Information on e-Learning use before and after the university closure and social distancing observation period, and the measures taken to enhance e-Learning was retrieved from Information Communication and Technology Departments (ICT) in each respective university. The e-Learning usability and the number of courses that adopted e-Learning was tracked and compared within the universities before, during and after the pandemic. The challenges encountered were noted as well as lessons learned from the process. Results: The institution's efforts and desire to continue with training led to accelerated utilization of e-Learning and digital platforms in medical education in Tanzania. In each institution, the effort led to more courses adopting e-Learning and online training. Scaling up of e-Learning was done in parallel with increased training to faculty members as well as students accessing the online system in both universities. Challenges such as poor internet connection, knowledge of both students and academic staff on proper utilization of e-Learning as well as access to devices outside the university environment even for those who used e-Learning prior to the closure were noted. Conclusion: The implementation and use of e-Learning is possible in medical universities in Tanzania. It is high time for all medical universities to increase investment on e-Learning as one of the elements of the adopted competency-based curriculum and emergency preparedness for training institutions during pandemics which may necessitate closure of institutions. The efficacy of e-Learning on the quality of medical education to produce desired outcomes and exploring barriers for e-Learning implementation calls for further research.
A generalized (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear equation: integrability, solitons and invariant solutions
Authors: Mandal Uttam Kumar , Malik Sandeep , Kumar Sachin , Das Amiya
Published: August 2022

In this paper, an extended form of generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional Hirota bilinear equation is considered which demonstrates nonlinear wave phenomena in shallow water, oceanography and nonlinear optics. We have successfully studied the integrability characteristic of the nonlinear equation in many aspects. The Painlevè integrability test is examined on the equation and found to be not integrable in Painlevè sense. The concept of Bell polynomial form is introduced and the Hirota bilinear form, Bäcklund transformations, Lax pair and infinite conservation laws are obtained systemically. We have exploited the expressions of one soliton, two soliton and three soliton solutions and demonstrated them pictorially. Further, Lie symmetry approach is applied to analyze the Lie symmetries and vector fields of the considered problem. The symmetry reductions were then obtained using similarity variables, and some closed-form solutions are secured.
Impact assessment of vegetation dynamics and drought changing trends based on multi-satellite data in relation to climate change during 2001-2017 over Pakistan
Authors: ali shahzad , Basit Abdul , Ni Jian , . Manzoor , Khan Fahim Ullah , Sajid Muhammad , Umair Muhammad , Makanda Tyan Alice
Published: August 2022

Drought is a complex hazard caused by the disruption of rainwater balance, and it always has an impact on ecological, farming and socio-economic. In order to protect farming land in Pakistan, effective and timely drought monitoring is extremely essential. Therefore, a regular drought monitoring is required to study drought severity, its duration and spread, to ensure effective planning and to help reduce their possible adverse impacts. In this study, multi-satellite data were used for reliable drought monitoring. For monitoring changing trend of drought in Pakistan, the NVSWI, DSI, VCI, NAP and TVDI indices were chosen as a tool incorporated with MODIS-based NDVI and ET/PET. Due to the low vegetation and significantly high changing trend of drought, NDVI, DSI and TVDI are useful to characterize drought frequency in Pakistan. The yearly DSI index shows that Pakistan suffered of drought with low vegetation during 2001, 2002 and 2006 study years. The seasonal DSI, VCI, NAP, NDVI, TVDI and NVSWI values confirmed that 2001, 2002 and 2006 led to severe drought years in Pakistan. The regression analysis between VHI, VCI, NDVI and NVSWI values are significantly positively correlated. The NAP, DSI, NVSWI and TVDI showed the positive signs for good drought monitoring indices for agricultural regions of Pakistan. The trend of drought change from 2001 to 2017 also showed characteristics. The results showed that from 2001 to 2017, the drought trend of the whole region changed obviously, and the overall drought frequency showed a downward trend. The good performance of DSI, TVDI and NVSWI could, explicitly, contribute progressively towards improving specific drought mitigation strategies and disaster risk reduction at regional and national levels.
Preliminary assessment of the safety and effectiveness of Artificial Iris implantation in China
Authors: Wang Siyi , Liu Mimi , Li Xile , Ge Chaoxiang , Chen Wei , Zhao Zhenquan
Published: August 2022

Purpose:The study is to preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation in China.Methods:14 patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement, and postoperative complicationsResults:The mean age was 37.21±14.85 (7-60) years, including 13 males and 1 female. The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32 (1-10) months. The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time (P=0.36); there was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative (14.14±3.10mmHg and 13.65±3.08mmHg, respectively, P=0.69); the preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm2, and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm2(P=0.21). No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients. The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94, respectively (P＜0.01), and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69,respectively (P＜0.01). Among the 14 patients, 1 had artificial iris displacement. 2 had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops. No complications were observed during surgery.Conclusions:Our study is the first on the application of artificial iris in China. The novel artificial iris material is safe, which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia, improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent. This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications. At the same time, the artificial iris, with its diverse configurations, variable colors, arbitrary cutting, and various surgical procedures, fully realizes personalized treatment, which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.