bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirror Images in Knots
Authors: Dale Nute H
Published: August 2015

Most knots are asymmetric and thus can be tied in two forms which are mirror images. An individual tends to tie one of the mirror images habitually which increases the significance of an analysis of the knot. Of 103 college students, 68 surveyed tied a knot based on an overhand knot. Of these, approximately 75% of the right-handed persons tied the overhand knot in one orientation while the other 25% tied the mirror image of it. Some background information relating to analyzing common knots is discussed.
Microscopic Diagnosis from Frozen Canine Tissues
Authors: Baraibar MA , Schoning P
Published: August 2015

Frozen tissues were studied microscopically to determine their value for diagnostic purposes. Sections were taken from lung, liver, kidney, small intestine, and brain of ten diseased dogs that died or were euthanatized. Some tissues were frozen, held for two or seven days, and then formalin-fixed. Tissues that were formalin-fixed immediately served as controls. Freezing changes such as transudate, cell shrinkage, fractures, hemolysis, and hematin formation were a nuisance, but usually did not prevent making a diagnosis. Viral inclusions, microfilaria, fibrosis, and intestinal bacteria remained distinct.
Dispensing Error Causing Fatal Chlorpropamide Intoxication in a Nondiabetic
Authors: Scala-Barnett DM , Donoghue ER
Published: August 2015

A 38-year-old nondiabetic female developed fatal hypoglycemia when chlorpropamide (Diabinese®) was accidentally substituted for acetaminophen (Tylenol®) with codeine no. 3 in a pharmacy dispensing error. When found, the patient's serum glucose was less than 20 mg/dL. The serum chlorpropamide level on hospital admission was 124 µg/mL. The possibility of dispensing error should be considered whenever unexpected drug effects are encountered. In cases of suspected drug overdose, labels and contents of medicine vials found at the scene should be checked for discrepancy.
The Use of Bone Histomorphometry in Skeletal Identification: The Case of Francisco Pizarro
Authors: Stout SD
Published: August 2015

Two lines of approach are utilized in a histomorphometric analysis of a rib sample from the postcranial remains believed to be those of Francisco Pizarro. Using a newly developed age predicting formula, age at death is estimated to be 62 years. This age agrees with several ages reported in historical documents. The histomorphometry of cortical area/total area (C/T) ratio, mean osteonal cross-sectional area, and mean annual Haversian bone formation rate conform to those of a healthy individual in his early sixties.
Dulcin: A Centennial Perspective
Authors: Goldsmith RH
Published: August 2015

The discovery of dulcin, the second synthetic sweetener, has been traced to the work of J. Berlinerblau. Early studies of this sweetener revealed a very effective sweetener that showed toxicity at high doses. Dulcin never achieved great recognition nor usage but was utilized slightly until a long-term study clearly pointed out its toxicity under sustained use with small doses.
A Critical Analysis of Quantitative Fingerprint Individuality Models
Authors: Stoney DA , Thornton JI
Published: August 2015

A critical analysis is presented of the seven principal models previously proposed for the quantitative assessment of fingerprint individuality. Although these models have been developed over a long period of time, there has been no systematic or comprehensive review of all seven models; indeed, two very significant models have escaped the attention of contemporary investigators altogether. The present work compares and contrasts these various models. Each of the models that has been proposed is described and discussed critically in relationship to the fingerprint comparison process. None of the models previously advanced is found to incorporate the essential features of fingerprint comparison. These essential features are summarized in the context of a quantitative fingerprint individuality model.
Detection of Cannabinoids in Homicide Victims and Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Authors: Garriott JC , Di Maio VJM , Rodriguez RG
Published: August 2015

A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) procedure is described for the detection and measurement of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in blood, or 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine. About 50% of all homicide victims and motor vehicle drivers killed in Bexar County in 1985 were tested for the presence of cannabinoids. Of 130 homicides and 69 drivers tested, blood was analyzed primarily in all but 15 and 3 cases, respectively. In these latter cases, blood was analyzed after urine was found to be positive. Of the homicide victims, 44 (34%), and of all drivers, 19 (28%), tested were positive for one or more of the cannabinoids. As a separate group, 16 motorcycle drivers tested had 38% positive as compared with 25% of the other vehicle drivers. Ethyl alcohol was present in 55% of the drivers, and in 63% of the homicide victims. Drugs other than alcohol or cannabinoids were found in 10% of the drivers, and in 12% of the homicide victims.
Copper and Nickel Detection on Gunshot Targets by Dithiooxamide Test
Authors: Lekstrom JA , Koons RD
Published: August 2015

Identification of a hole or mark as one produced by a bullet and characterization of the type of bullet are often important in reconstruction of shooting incidents. Dithiooxamide is used for the visual detection of copper and nickel deposited on a bullet hole periphery by the passage of a jacketed bullet through target material. The discrimination of jacketed and nonjacketed ammunition can be made on the basis of target analysis alone. This technique may be used in conjunction with the Modified Griess Test and the sodium rhodizonate test for detection of bullet holes and muzzle-to-target distance determinations. The test for copper and nickel can also be used at a crime scene to determine the type of bullet producing a mark in a variety of target materials.
Color Comparison in Questioned Document Examination Using Microspectrophotometry
Authors: Olson LA
Published: August 2015

The work of the document examiner is often aided through the use of specialized analytical instruments. One such instrument, in use at the Immigration & Naturalization Service Forensic Document Laboratory (INSFDL), is the Nanometrics 10S Microspectrophotometer, manufactured by Nanometrics, Inc., of Sunnyvale, CA. This pseudo-dual-beam spectrophotometer performs nondestructive color analysis of objects down to 2 μm in size. First, an object to be examined (such as an ink line) is viewed through a microscope and the light reflected from it is measured over the visible spectrum. The reflected energy is then compared with a standard stored in the system's microprocessor, and a spectral curve is provided which is characteristic of the color of the object examined. At INSFDL, the Nanospec 10S™ has been successfully used to differentiate similarly colored printing inks, stamp pad inks, and fibers found on various travel and identity documents. Examples from recent cases will be demonstrated.
Subtyping Phosphoglucomutase-1 in Semen Stains and Bloodstains: A Report on the Method
Authors: Budowle B , Murch RS , Davidson LC , Gambel AM , Kearney JJ
Published: August 2015

A method is described for obtaining nondistorted, reproducible phosphoglucomutase-1 subtyping patterns from semen stains and bloodstains. Isoelectric focusing of phosphoglucomutase-1 was accomplished in 80 min in a 0.2-mm-thick polyacrylamide gel with an interelectrode wick distance of 8.0 cm. The gel contained 1.2% (w/v) N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N-3-propanesulfonic acid (EPPS) and pH 5 to 7 ampholytes (4% w/v). When maintained at room temperature, laboratory-prepared bloodstains and semen stains could be typed for phosphoglucomutase-1 up to four months and three weeks, respectively. An evaluation of phosphoglucomutase-1 typing by isoelectric focusing and the Group I system was performed on casework samples submitted to the FBI Laboratory. In addition to the increased discriminating probability of phosphoglucomutase-1 when subtyped, isoelectric focusing yielded an increase in positive calls on questioned bloodstains (65.6 versus 36.2%) and dried seminal stains (16.4 versus 13.1%) compared with the Group I system.
Video Superimposition of Skulls and Photographic Portraits—A New Aid to Identification
Authors: Bastiaan RJ , Dalitz GD , Woodward C
Published: August 2015

Videosuperimposition of a skull with antemortem photographs of a person suspected to be deceased is a valuable adjunct in the police identification process. In this paper, the technique is described with its flexibility, variations, and limitations discussed.
Pseudoabuse—The Misdiagnosis of Child Abuse
Authors: Kaplan JM
Published: August 2015

When a patient's problem is judged to be the result of child abuse and it is not, considerable harm may be done to the child, his parents, and the doctor-parent relationship. The case histories of 15 children who were thought to be abused are reviewed and their correct diagnoses are presented. Overdiagnosing the battered child syndrome can be as harmful as failing to consider it.
Mid-Facial Tissue Depths of White Children: An Aid in Facial Feature Reconstruction
Authors: Dumont ER
Published: August 2015

Available facial tissue thickness standards for facial feature reconstruction are based on adult measurements. Mid-facial tissue thicknesses for male and female white adolescents are presented here. Measurements were taken from lateral radiographs produced in an orthodontic practice. Statistical analysis indicates that age, sex, and to some extent, dental occlusion pattern are factors that should be taken into account when attempting facial feature reconstructions.
Distribution of Morphine in Body Fluids and Tissues in Fatal Overdose
Authors: Chan SC , Chan EM , Kaliciak HA
Published: August 2015

Two cases of fatal overdose with morphine are presented. Large amounts of the drug were involved in both cases, one by oral ingestion, the other by intravenous injection. Morphine concentrations in various body fluids and tissues are compared to those in the literature.
A Case of Fatal Rotenone Poisoning in a Child
Authors: De Wilde A-R , Heyndrickx A , Carton D
Published: August 2015

A case of a fatal rotenone poisoning in a three-and-a-half-year-old girl is described. The case report and autopsy findings are mentioned. For the extraction of rotenone out of biological samples, a solvent partitioning and silica gel open column chromatographic cleanup procedure has been used. The determination of rotenone was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography.
A Review of Serological Methods in Forensic Science
Authors: Taylor HL
Published: August 2015

The American Association of Blood Banks has regularly produced an array of manuals and texts that cover a broad spectrum of laboratory blood tests and their interpretation. Some are concerned with these methods and their applications in the forensic science laboratory. The latest publication is the result of a half-day workshop held at the American Association of Blood Bank's 1985 annual meeting. The title of the book, Serological Methods in Forensic Science, sounds ambitious.
Forensic Biology—Is Recombinant DNA Technology in its Future?
Authors: Sensabaugh GF
Published: August 2015

Forensic biology—paternity testing and the testing of biological evidence materials—has advanced dramatically over the last 15 years. Much of this progress has been fueled by the discovery of many new genetic polymorphisms among human proteins. A number of these new polymorphisms have worked their way into the forensic science repertoire with the result that more definitive genetic typing information can now be provided to the legal system. There has been a concomitant broadening of the technological base of the field as electrophoretic techniques have taken their place beside the traditional immunological and chemical testing procedures. These developments are all well documented in Gaensslen's Source-book [1].
Amylase Levels in Semen and Saliva Stains
Authors: Auvdel MJ
Published: August 2015

Amylase levels were determined for 148 semen samples and 20 saliva samples as well as for their corresponding stains. The effect of aging on the detectability of amylase activity in these stains was also investigated. The Phadebas® amylase test was used for the quantitative assay of amylase. High levels of amylase in fluid saliva resulted in high levels being detected in saliva stains. Lower levels present in most seminal fluids produce little or no detectable amounts of amylase in stains. Interpretations are made as to the possible sources of amylase activity found in stains from laboratory casework based on both the amylase concentration and the elapsed time between collection and analysis. The evidential value of the presence or absence of amylase activity in casework stains is also discussed.
The Analysis of Polyvinylchloride Wire Insulation by Gel Permeation Chromatography
Authors: Baer BR , Rudolph TL , Bender EC
Published: August 2015

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) insulated stereo speaker wire from a homicide case involving the strangulation of a child was received by the FBI Laboratory for analysis. A method utilizing gel permeation chromatography to analyze PVC wire insulation was developed which was capable of discriminating between different commercially available brands of wire insulation. Using this method, we were able not only to link the wire found at the crime scene with a source from a suspect's residence, but also to associate it with a particular commercial brand of wire. The analysis of this case sample and other brands of stereo speaker wire is described.
Confirmation of Syva Enzyme Multiple Immunoassay Technique (EMIT®) d.a.u. and Roche Abuscreen® Radioimmunoassay (RIA) (125I) Urine Cannabinoid Immunoassays by Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric (GC/MS) and Bonded-Phase Adsorption/Thin-Layer Chromatographic (BPA-TLC) Methods
Authors: Kogan MJ , Al Razi J , Pierson DJ , Willson NJ
Published: August 2015

Thirty human urines screened positive by the Syva enzyme multiple immunoassay technique (EMIT®) d.a.u. urine cannabinoid assay were also positive for the major marijuana urinary metabolite 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) when assayed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) and a noninstrumental qualitative bonded-phase adsorption/thin-layer chromatographic (BPA-TLC) technique. The noninstrumental BPA-TLC procedure was the simpler of the two techniques to perform and interpret. Assay of these same samples by the Roche Abuscreen® radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cannabinoids (125I) revealed that reliance on the 100-ng/mL equivalent positive calibrator yielded a high incidence of false negative results (10 out of 30). The performance of these same 4 assays on 30 true negatives also was evaluated. All samples were negative for cannabinoids by EMIT and RIA, and for THC-COOH by BPA-TLC. GC/MS assay, however, detected spurious low levels of approximately S-ng/mL THC-COOH in two instances. Because of this, a reliability level of 10 ng/mL was set for the routine quantitative confirmation of THC-COOH by the GC/MS method.
Ensembles of Subclass Characteristics in Physical Evidence Examination
Authors: Thornton JI
Published: August 2015

Ensembles of class characteristics resulting from indifferent quality assurance in manufacturing techniques may legitimately transcend conventional attitudes concerning class characteristics. Ensembles of these subclass characteristics converge on individual characteristics. This is illustrated using the data describing Titan .25-caliber automatic pistols contained in the Criminalistics Laboratory Information System (CLIS) list.
Multicenter Evaluation of Ultrafiltration, Dialysis, and Thermal Coagulation as Sample Pretreatment Methods for the Colorimetric Determination of Paraquat in Blood and Tissues
Authors: de Zeeuw RA , Wijsbeek J , Piet Franke J , Bogusz M , Kłys M
Published: August 2015

Three methods of sample pretreatment for the rapid colorimetric determination of paraquat were compared: ultrafiltration, dialysis, and thermal coagulation. Spiked autopsy blood and tissue samples were examined in parallel in Groningen and Krakow and some samples were interchanged. All three methods gave recoveries between 87 to 102%; accuracy at the 20-mg/L level was within 10% of the target value and coefficients of variation in the 10 to 60-mg/L range were between 3 to 15%. Determinations in blood and liver in a fatal case of Gramoxone® poisoning showed excellent agreement. Because of its reliability, speed, and simplicity, ultrafiltration is the method of choice.
The Effect of Skin Cleansing Agents on Ethanol Results Measured with the Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyzer
Authors: Ryder KW , Glick MR
Published: August 2015

The effect of various prepackaged skin cleansers on the results of serum ethanol analyses performed with the Du Pont automatic clinical analyzer has not been previously reported. When added directly to serum in concentrations of either 0.625 or 1.56% (v/v), neither polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine nor benzalkonium chloride affected the ethanol results. The cross-reactivity of isopropanol with the automatic clinical analyzer ethanol procedure was 3.9%. The greatest interference in the measured ethanol concentration was from the addition of green soap tincture, which contained 30% ethanol. The effect of improper phlebotomy technique on ethanol measurements was also investigated by performing venipunctures through a pool of 100% ethanol on the skin. No ethanol was detected in these samples unless an ethanol-soaked sponge was pressed over the venipuncture site while the needle was withdrawn from the skin. When correct phlebotomy technique is used, skin cleansing agents should not affect the results of ethanol measurements determined with the Du Pont automatic clinical analyzer.
Once More Unto the Breech: The Firearms Evidence in the Sacco and Vanzetti Case Revisited: Part I
Authors: Starrs JE
Published: August 2015

The Sacco and Vanzetti case has a timeless appeal. It raises trenchant issues of the fairness of a criminal trial in the face of the public's hue and cry. It is a sorry reminder that physical evidence must be closeted with care and punctiliously marked for later courtroom uses. Claims of unfairness at the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti have evoked doubts of their guilt. On this issue, a Select Committee of firearms experts in 1983 reevaluated the existing firearms evidence from the Sacco and Vanzetti trial. Its conclusions, a number of which point unerringly to the guilt of Sacco and none of which add a scintilla to the case against Vanzetti, are analyzed in this paper, which is in two parts. Part I sets the stage by focussing on the facts of the crime in South Braintree, MA and the prosecutorial strategies in the use of the firearms evidence at the trial in Dedham, MA. The firearms evidence against Vanzetti is analyzed separately from that marshalled against Sacco. Part II will address the rampant charges of governmental misconduct in the handling of the firearms evidence. A concluding section of Part II reveals startling new evidence relevant to the guilt of Nicola Sacco.
Comparison of Modern Typestyles
Authors: Anthony AT
Published: August 2015

Typewriter examinations have become increasingly difficult in recent years. The copying of typeface designs by different manufacturers has compounded the problem. Can accurate make and model determinations be made from the examination of typewritten texts? Similar typestyles are examined in an attempt at differentiation.
Unusual Hanging Deaths
Authors: Clark MA , Kerr FC
Published: August 2015

Four unrelated hanging deaths involving young white males, all in enlisted status in the United States military, are presented. Taken in a military context, one scene served as a suicide note equivalent with the unmistakable message of extreme defiance toward military regulations. In two cases, the elaborate attire of the decedents could have lead to the misclassification of the manner of death if investigative information had not been considered. Extensive background investigation and review of medical records in the fourth case disclosed that the victim had an eight- to ten-year history of compressing his neck to cause unconsciousness. He left an extensive suicide note in which he concluded that “hanging would be good.” Each case has certain unique features, and as a group, the cases all demonstrate a continuum from obvious suicide to cases where the manner of death is, at first, equivocal.
A Fatality Involving Clomipramine
Authors: Fraser AD , Isner AF , Moss MA
Published: August 2015

A fatality following ingestion of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine (Anafranil®), alprazolam (Xanax®), and ethyl alcohol is described. Clomipramine and N-desmethylclomipramine were quantitated by high performance liquid chromatography and alprazolam by gas liquid chromatography. Concentrations of clomipramine and N-desmethylclomipramine were: in blood—0.84 and 1.4 mg/L; in urine—0.56 and 0.62 mg/L. Alprazolam concentration in blood was 0.069 mg/L. Ethyl alcohol was measured by headspace gas chromatography and found to be 375, 385, and 435 mg/dL in blood, urine, and vitreous humor, respectively. These findings are compared to previous reports of clomipramine related fatalities and alprazolam toxicity combined with ethyl alcohol.
Metaplastic Regulation of CA1 Schaffer Collateral Pathway Plasticity by Hebbian MGluR1a-Mediated Plasticity at Excitatory Synapses onto Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons
Authors: Vasuta Cristina , Artinian Julien , Laplante Isabel , Hébert-Seropian Sarah , Elayoubi Karim , Lacaille Jean-Claude
Published: August 2015

Cortical GABAergic interneurons represent a highly diverse neuronal type that regulates neural network activity. In particular, interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 oriens/alveus (O/A-INs) area provide feedback dendritic inhibition to local pyramidal cells and express somatostatin (SOM). Under relevant afferent stimulation patterns, they undergo long-term potentiation (LTP) of their excitatory synaptic inputs through multiple induction and expression mechanisms. However, the cell-type specificity of these different forms of LTP and their specific contribution to the dynamic regulation of the CA1 network remain unclear. Here we recorded from SOM-expressing interneurons (SOM-INs) in the O/A region from SOM-Cre-Ai3 transgenic mice in whole-cell patch-clamp. Results indicate that, like in anatomically identified O/A-INs, theta-burst stimulation (TBS) induced a Hebbian form of LTP dependent on metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1a (mGluR1a) in SOM-INs, but not in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons, another mainly nonoverlapping interneuron subtype in CA1. In addition, we demonstrated using field recordings from transgenic mice expressing archaerhodopsin 3 selectively in SOM-INs, that a prior conditioning TBS in O/A, to induce mGluR1a-dependent LTP in SOM-INs, upregulated LTP in the Schaffer collateral pathway of pyramidal cells. This effect was prevented by light-induced hyperpolarization of SOM-INs during TBS, or by application of the mGluR1a antagonist LY367385, indicating a necessity for mGluR1a and SOM-INs activation. These results uncover that SOM-INs perform an activity-dependent metaplastic control on hippocampal CA1 microcircuits in a cell-specific fashion. Our findings provide new insights on the contribution of interneuron synaptic plasticity in the regulation of the hippocampal network activity and mnemonic processes.
Splicing Machinery Facilitates Post-Transcriptional Regulation by FBFs and Other RNA-Binding Proteins inCaenorhabditis elegansGermline
Authors: Novak Preston , Wang Xiaobo , Ellenbecker Mary , Feilzer Sara , Voronina Ekaterina
Published: August 2015

Genetic interaction screens are an important approach for understanding complex regulatory networks governing development. We used a genetic interaction screen to identify cofactors of FBF-1 and FBF-2, RNA-binding proteins that regulate germline stem cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that components of splicing machinery contribute to FBF activity as splicing factor knockdowns enhance sterility of fbf-1 and fbf-2 single mutants. This sterility phenocopied multiple aspects of loss of fbf function, suggesting that splicing factors contribute to stem cell maintenance. However, previous reports indicate that splicing factors instead promote the opposite cell fate, namely, differentiation. We explain this discrepancy by proposing that splicing factors facilitate overall RNA regulation in the germline. Indeed, we find that loss of splicing factors produces synthetic phenotypes with a mutation in another RNA regulator, FOG-1, but not with a mutation in a gene unrelated to posttranscriptional regulation (dhc-1). We conclude that inefficient pre-mRNA splicing may interfere with multiple posttranscriptional regulatory events, which has to be considered when interpreting results of genetic interaction screens.
Programmed Cell Death Initiation and Execution in Budding Yeast
Authors: Strich Randy
Published: August 2015

Apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) was initially described in metazoans as a genetically controlled process leading to intracellular breakdown and engulfment by a neighboring cell . This process was distinguished from other forms of cell death like necrosis by maintenance of plasma membrane integrity prior to engulfment and the well-defined genetic system controlling this process. Apoptosis was originally described as a mechanism to reshape tissues during development. Given this context, the assumption was made that this process would not be found in simpler eukaryotes such as budding yeast. Although basic components of the apoptotic pathway were identified in yeast, initial observations suggested that it was devoid of prosurvival and prodeath regulatory proteins identified in mammalian cells. However, as apoptosis became extensively linked to the elimination of damaged cells, key PCD regulatory proteins were identified in yeast that play similar roles in mammals. This review highlights recent discoveries that have permitted information regarding PCD regulation in yeast to now inform experiments in animals.
Lifelong Learning and Changes in Preschool Teacher Education – Croatian Experiences/Cjeloživotno učenje i promjene u obrazovanju odgajatelja – iskustvo iz Hrvatske
Authors: Vujičić Lidija , Čepić Renata , Tatalović Vorkapić Sanja
Published: August 2015

With respect to the initiation and implementation of the Differential Programme of Lifelong Learning of Preschool Teachers, it was necessary to carry out its objective evaluation. This implied an investigation and analysis of their satisfaction with the quality of the Programme which was measured by 6 basic components: Communication with students, Teacher preparation, Information availability, Work organization, Complexity of courses and Method of evaluation. A total of 326 assessments were indicated on a 5-point Likert scale. In general, student assessments of all the components, regardless of individual courses, are fairly positive. The most significant predictor for all the others was found to be the component communication with students. It revealed that a communicative relationship with a teacher was given precedence over all the other quality dimensions of teaching. This result considerably differs from results obtained by several research studies on the quality of teaching within full-time academic education. Therefore, the emphasis is very much on students of higher education programmes and their important role in the creation of teaching, implying that their assessments are to be seen as important predictors for programme improvement at the level of every single course as well as the programme as a whole. Key words: evaluation; preschool teacher; quality assurance; study programme. --- S obzirom na pokretanje i provedbu razlikovnog programa za cjeloživotno obrazovanje odgajatelja bilo je neophodno provesti njegovu objektivnu evaluaciju. Zadovoljstvo kvalitetom programa operacionalizirano je i mjereno sa 6 osnovnih komponenata: komunikacija sa studentima, pripremljenost nastavnika, dostupnost informacija, organizacija rada, složenost kolegija i način vrednovanja. Procjene su rađene na Likertovoj skali od 1 do 5, a ukupno je bilo 326 procjena. Općenito, procjene polaznica na svim komponentama bez obzira na kolegij prilično su pozitivne. Najznačajnijim prediktorom za sve ostale komponente i zadovoljstvo programom pokazala se komponenta komunikacije sa studentima, te je utvrđeno da odnos s nastavnicima koji se ostvaruje komunikacijom ima prednost u odnosu na sve ostale dimenzije kvalitete nastave. To je rezultat koji se značajno razlikuje u odnosu na istraživanja kvalitete redovite nastave unutar akademskog obrazovanja. Samim tim stavljen je naglasak na to da polaznici programa visokoškolske nastave imaju važnu ulogu u kreiranju nastave i da su njihove procjene važni prediktori za unaprjeđivanje programa na razini pojedinog kolegija, ali i programa u cjelini. Ključne riječi: evaluacija; odgajatelj; osiguranje kvalitete; studijski program.
Professional Development Programs as a Support for Teachers at the Beginning of Their Career / Programi profesionalnog razvoja podrške učiteljima na početku njihove karijere
Authors: Terek Lidija , Terzić Irena , Ivanović Anka , Telek Kristina , Šćepanović Nevena
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn Serbia, beginning teachers are under constant pressure since they are obliged to follow and implement all education laws and by-laws which determine the accountabilities of all the stakeholders of the educational system, even though during the initial teacher education they do not meet with the mentioned legislation. Beginning teachers are also required to implement different teaching methods, to adjust classroom conditions and instruction to the students’ individual needs. This often becomes a barrier and what is more, schools often lack the capacity to provide enough support for beginning teachers, while the existing accredited professional development programs do not cover the necessary content. A way to bridge the gap between the initial teacher education and the existing offer of professional development programs is to identify the types of support the beginning teachers need and to create professional development programs tailored especially for them. Driven by this proposition, the Regional Centers for Professional Development in Serbia conducted a research study among teachers who have up to 5 years of work experience in order to create a program that fully meets their needs. The results of the research will be presented in this paper.Key words: initial teacher education; in-service training; needs of beginning teachers.---SažetakU Srbiji su učitelji početnici pod stalnim pritiskom jer su obvezni pratiti i implementirati sve zakone o odgoju i obrazovanju, kao i lokalne propise kojima se utvrđuje odgovornost sudionika obrazovnoga sustava, usprkos tome što se tijekom svojega početnog obrazovanja ne susreću sa spomenutim dokumentima. Od učitelja početnika također se očekuje da se koriste različitim metodama poučavanja i da uvjete u razredu i svoju poduku prilagode individualnim potrebama svojih učenika, što im često predstavlja poteškoće. Osim toga, školama često nedostaje kapaciteta da osiguraju dovoljno podrške za učitelje početnike, a postojeći akreditirani programi profesionalnoga razvoja ne obuhvaćaju potrebne sadržaje. Jedan način za premošćivanje jaza između početnog obrazovanja učitelja i postojeće ponude programa profesionalnog razvoja jest identificirati vrste podrške potrebne učiteljima početnicima i posebno za njih izraditi programe profesionalnog razvoja. Na temelju te zamisli Regionalni centri za profesionalni razvoj zaposlenih u obrazovanju u Srbiji proveli su istraživanje među učiteljima koji su imali do 5 godina radnoga staža u obrazovanju sa svrhom izrade programa koji bi bio u potpunosti usklađen s njihovim potrebama. Rezultati toga istraživanja bit će prezentirani u ovome radu.Ključne riječi: početno obrazovanje učitelja; pripravnički staž učitelja; potrebe učitelja početnika.
Raising Students’ Awareness of Teaching Competences by Means of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages / Razvijanje svijesti studenata o učiteljskim kompetencijama uz pomoć Europskog portfolija za obrazovanje učitelja jezika
Authors: Cindric Ivana , Andraka Marija , Bilić-Štefan Milka
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of an investigation into the use of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL) as part of the ELT methodology courses which are part of the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study of Primary Education and the English Language at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Zagreb. The EPOSTL is a self-assessment and reflection tool designed by the Council of Europe for students undergoing initial teacher education and thus includes teaching competences relevant for language teachers in the whole European area of education. Its use should contribute to raising awareness of both generic and specific teaching competences and of the necessity to link initial teacher education and continuous professional development. The EPOSTL has been applied in the Programme within the framework of ELT methodology courses since the 2009/10 academic year.The authors also present the findings of the analysis of students’ feedback on the use of the EPOSTL. The feedback revealed aspects of the EPOSTL which proved to be problematic for student. Having conducted such a study gives teachers involved the opportunity to modify and improve particular aspects of the use of the EPOSTL in order to reach the aims set.Key words: ELT methodology courses, reflection, self-assessment, teaching competences, the EPOSTL. --- SažetakRad prikazuje rezultate istraživanja upotrebe Europskog portfolija za obrazovanje nastavnika jezika (EPONAJ) kao dijela metodičkih kolegija poučavanja engleskog jezika u okviru Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija primarnog obrazovanja i engleskog jezika na Učiteljskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. EPONAJ je alat za samoprocjenu i promišljanje koji je Vijeće Europe osmislilo za studente buduće učitelje jezika pa stoga sadrži učiteljske kompetencije koje su važne za učitelje jezika u cjelokupnoj sferi obrazovanja u Europi. Njegova upotreba trebala bi pridonijeti ne samo razvijanju svijesti studenata o generičkim i specifičnim učiteljskim kompetencijama već i osvještavanju potrebe povezivanja početnog obrazovanja učitelja s trajnim stručnim usavršavanjem. EPONAJ se u studiju koristi u okviru metodičkih kolegija poučavanja engleskog jezika od 2009./2010. godine.Autorice nadalje prikazuju rezultate analize studentskih upitnika o upotrebi EPONAJ-a, koja je ukazala na neke njegove aspekte koji su se pokazali problematičnima za studente. Provođenje istraživanja pruža voditeljima kolegija priliku da promijene i poboljšaju određene aspekte upotrebe EPONAJ-a kako bi se u potpunosti ostvarili postavljeni ciljevi.Ključne riječi: metodički kolegiji poučavanja engleskog jezika; promišljanje; samoprocjena; Europski portfolio za obrazovanje nastavnika jezika; učiteljske kompetencije.
Valósághű páciensszimulátorok alkalmazása a hallgatói teljesítmény értékelésében
Authors: Borján Eszter , Mészáros Judit , Rigó Jr. János
Published: August 2015

Introduction: The authors started to use high-fidelity simulators at Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health Sciences in September, 2007. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the students’ performance in order to determine their knowledge after each simulation course. Method: The Creighton Simulation Evaluation Instrument (C-SEI) was used to evaluate midwifery students’ performance during examinations. 67 midwifery students were evaluated after the “Clinical simulation” course and 58 midwifery students after the “Case studies in simulation” course. Results: The average total scores were significantly higher than the desired level of 75 (p<0.01); after the “Clinical simulation” 88.8±9,14, and after the “Case studies in simulation” courses 86.6±14.87. Among subscales the lowest average total score was found in critical thinking in each of the course. Statistically significant correlation was found between the results of “General nursing care” and the results of “Case studies in simulation” courses (r = 0.34; p<0.01). Conclusions: The use of high-fidelity simulators with valid tools simultaneously might be a suitable method for students’ evaluation. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(33), 1335–1340.
A bőr-autofluoreszcencia és a konvencionális glykaemiás markerek kapcsolata diabeteses betegekben
Authors: Mácsai Emília , Rakk Erika , Miléder Margit , Fulcz Ágnes
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Skin autofluorescence has a well-known significance for screening diabetes and early diagnosis of vascular complications. It predicts cardiovascular events better than hemoglobin A1c, hence skin autofluorescence is a marker of cumulative tissue glycemic load whereas hemoglobin A1c reflects changes occurring in the previous 6–8 weeks. Aim: The aim of the authors was analyze the relationship between skin autofluorescence and conventional glycemic markers in patients with diabetes. Method: Skin autofluorescence measurements were performed in 2010 in 18 patients (10 men and 8 women with normal glomerular filtration rate; age, 61.4±13.8 years) with long term follow-up (2624 months, 476 laboratory results). Relationships between skin autofluorescence values and fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c levels and metabolic parameters obtained before and after skin autofluorescence measurements were analysed using Spearman rank test. Results: The average skin autofluorescence value was 2.88±0.65 arbitrary units. There were no significant correlations between skin autofluorescence and hemoglobin A1c levels obtained before (7.84±1.08%, p = 0.07) and after the skin autofluorescence measurements (7.45±1.18%, p = 0.71). Skin autofluorescence values also failed to show relationship with fasting blood glucose obtained before (p = 0.09) and after (p = 0.29) the skin autofluorescence measurements. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes skin autofluorescence may provide novel information about glycemic burden. Skin autofluorescence values (which may presumably provide a more accurate estimation of the cardiovascular risk) do not correlate with hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(33), 1341–1347.
Hypospadiasis előfordulása öt fivérben
Authors: Mavrogenis Stelios , Czeizel Endre
Published: August 2015

The healthy couple had five sons with hypospadias (glandular 1, coronal 4) without other child. Similar familial cluster has not reported in the sons of European parents without consanguinity. Mild form androgen insensitivity syndrome was expected in these 5 boys because of the X-linked androgen receptor gene, however, sequencing of the entire coding region (exons 1-8) and all intron-exon boundaries of the androgen receptor gene did not reveal abnormality and the CAG repeat was found in the normal range (21 repeats). This extreme familial cluster may help us to elucidate gene polymorphisms in the polygenic background of the multifactorial origin of isolated hypospadias. Therefore, the authors collaborate with a genetic institute in Pittsburg, USA to perform whole genome sequencing in these probands and their parents. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(33), 1348–1352.
Pszichológiai intervenciók traumatikus események után a poszttraumás stressz zavar megelőzésére. Szisztematikus irodalmi áttekintés
Authors: Fodor Kinga Edit , Bitter István
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Because of the high prevalence of exposure to traumatic events and its negative consequences on mental health, the importance of effective interventions to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder has been emphasized. Aim: The authors wanted to evaluate the current status of evidence regarding early psychological interventions after traumatization. Method: A search was conducted in ProQuest PILOTS, PubMed, and Web of Science for early psychological interventions that were published between 2005 and 2015. Results: Twenty-one trials were identified, of which 6 presented immediate interventions (within 72 hours) and the rest early interventions within the first month. Based on these research findings immediate interventions are not effective, whilst multi-session cognitive behavior therapies could be effective in symptom reduction. Conclusions: Multi-session cognitive behavior therapy is preferred over immediate one session interventions especially over debriefing. A natural decline of symptoms was observed among controls and, therefore, targeted interventions are recommended only for people with higher risk for developing subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(33), 1321–1334.
A derékfájás: mikor és mit tegyünk?
Authors: Illés S. Tamás
Published: August 2015

The low back pain has become one of the greatest public health problems worldwide. The author based on the current international standards summarizes the knowledge necessary for every day treatment of low back pain. In acute low back pain the author underlines the necessity of the rapid, accurate diagnosis and separation for specific and non-specific low back pain. In specific acute low back pain the treatment should focus on to eliminate the root causes. In non-specific cases pain killing treatment and early active mobilization is the choice for the therapeutic process. Beside analgesia, the primary goal of the treatment is to prevent becoming chronic the symptomatology. Objectives of the management of chronic low back pain are effective pain reduction, continuous maintainance of physical activity, prevention of permanent disability, and restoration of working ability. Analgesics, non steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, and muscle relaxants reduce pain, while multidisciplinary management programs, personalized and guided physiotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as short training programs will help to restore function. Surgical treatment is only indicated in degenerative cases and only after the failure of conservative therapy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(33), 1315–1320.
RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF INTERFERONE INDUCERS USING IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES TREATMENT
Authors: Ershov F. I. , Shul'dyakov A. A. , Romantsov M. G. , Lyapina E. P. , Soboleva L. A.
Published: August 2015

There is represented  the current classification of interferon inducers of various chemical groups related to antiviral agents, described the mechanisms of synthesis of different types of endogenous interferon in blood serum. The effectiveness of methylglucamine acridonacetates  in integrated treatment of chronic hepatitis C, tuberculosis with  HIV infection background, chronic brucellosis, arboviral diseases, including West Nile fever , as well as influenza and acute respiratory infections are shown.  For successful treatment of acute and chronic diseases with  endogenous interferon inducers should be applied as early as possible, at an average level of viremia , to enhance the effect of drugs with the directed etiotropic action and immunomodulators , which achieves the optimal pharmacotherapeutic effect.
FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HIV-INFECTED
Authors: Timofeeva E. V. , Leshchenko O. Ya.
Published: August 2015

In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation.  It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases.
DEVELOPMENT OF MOTOR FUNCTIONS AND MANUAL ABILITIES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY AFTER BOTULINUM TOXIN TREATMENT AND COMPLEX REHABILITATION
Authors: Klochkova O. A. , Kurenkov A. L. , Namazova-Baranova L. S. , Mamed'yarov A. M. , Zherdev K. V.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to investigate the dynamic of general motor function and manual abilities in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy (CP) after complex rehabilitation combined with single and repeated injections of botulinum toxin A (BTA). Patients and methods: the article presents 18 month follow-up of 52 patients with mono- and bilateral spastic forms of CP after single and multiple injections of botulinum toxin A and complex rehabilitation/ Patients received totally 74 injection sessions: 17 (32,7%) children — twice, 5 (9,6%) children — three times. Motor development assessment was done according to the GMFCS and GMFMS-88 scales and centile curves of normal motor development connected with these scales, hand function was classified according to the MACS scale. For the first time results of botulinum toxin therapy and rehabilitation were compared with the natural motor development of patients with different levels of motor disturbances according to centile tables. Results: patients with bilateral cerebral palsy improved slowly than hemiparetic and changes lasted for longer period. Level according to the MACS scale didn’t depend on the gestational age of the patients, was higher in children with hemiparesis and changed for 1 level in 4 (7,7%) patients after the first botulinum toxin A injections.
VEGFRS IN NEOPLASTIC ANGIOGENESIS AND PROSPECTS FOR THERAPY ОF BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Korchagina A. A. , Shein S. A. , Gurina O. I. , Chekhonin V. P.
Published: August 2015

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain cancer that characterized by poor prognosis due to the rapid progression, active angiogenesis, enhanced tumor cell invasion and the emergence of resistance toward conventional therapy. In this connection, nowadays, new approaches for selective inhibition of crucial steps in tumor progression are actively developing. The key feature of tumor growth and development is angiogenesis. VEGF and its receptor VEGFR2 play the pivotal role in regulation of tumor vessel formation. Therefore, VEGFR2, as the main receptor of VEGF’s pro-angiogenic signal transducer, is a promising molecular target for anti-angiogenic therapy. There is evidence that inhibitors of VEGF and VEGFR2 reduce endothelial cell proliferation, migration and survival that lead to regression of vessel density and decrease vascular permeability, thereby slowing tumor growth. Currently, a number of VEGFR2 inhibitors are under clinical trials (ramucirumab, cediranib) and several were approved (sunitinib, sorafenib). Despite the promising results of preclinical studies, the efficacy of antiangiogenic drugs in the clinical practice is significantly lower, mainly, due to rapid adaptation of malignant cells that consists of alternative pro-angiogenic pathways activation, recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow and increasing of the invasive growth. Given the diversity of pro-angiogenic mechanisms, enhancement of the efficacy of tumor therapy could be achieved by specific inhibition of VEGFR2 functions that will be supplemented by other antiangiogenic drugs (anti-VEGF,-PlGF,-HIF1α). In addition, multitargeting therapy should focus on the combined inhibition of angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, proliferation and survival of tumor cells.