bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contrastive Analysis of Translation Shifts in Lexical Repetition in Arabic-English Legal Translations
Authors: Tarawneh Rula Tahsin , Al-Momani Islam Mousa
Published: November 2022

The study investigates some preliminary generalizations regarding the standards regulating the translation types and directions, the lexical repeatability of legal texts shifts. It also compares lexical repetition in Arabic legal texts and that of the corresponding English translation on the basis of lexical repetition type, frequency and distribution. It is a descriptive study that employed parallel corpora to compare lexical repetition in the source language (SL) text with its translation in the target language (TL) text. The research corpus consists of an Arabic legal text and its English translation. The researcher examined the different forms of shifts in the translated text, and the motivation of the translator for utilizing each translation shifts. The result proves that translation shift is an inevitable phenomenon. The various types of translation fell under three categories - avoidance of lexical repetition, retention with alteration, and addition of repetition. In the process of translation from Arabic to English, certain basic concepts cannot be replaced; and as such a translational shift (in lexical repetition) is required to appropriately convey ideas from Arabic to English. Arabic tends to use lexical repetition (LR) more than English, but for the legal texts, English uses LR as well as Arabic. The most common shift detected in this corpus is Partial shift. The results display that the roles of ‘repetition’ are not always preserved, sometimes they can be lost. Multiple translation methods were utilized by the translator. These include deletion, paraphrase, synonym and near-synonym, modulation and pronominalisation.
Fully Reversible Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy Mimicking Stroke after Flow Diverter Treatment of Carotid Cave Aneurysm
Authors: Diamandis Elie , Swiatek Vanessa M. , Behme Daniel
Published: November 2022

Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of coronary and neurointerventional procedures. The condition is believed to arise from endothelial damage secondary to exposure to iodinated contrast media. A wide spectrum of clinical manifestations has been reported including seizures, cortical blindness, and focal neurological deficits. This report details the case of fully reversible CIE mimicking severe anterior circulation stroke in a 55-year-old female following elective endovascular treatment with a flow diverter of a carotid cave aneurysm. The patient was managed conservatively with intravenous hydration and steroids and showed an excellent prognosis with supportive management.
LA INVERSIÓN EN INFRAESTRUCTURA PÚBLICA Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO EN LA REGIÓN HUANCAVELICA, PERIODO 2000 – 2018
Authors: Muñoz Estrada Darwin Elviro
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el impacto de la inversión pública en infraestructura en el crecimiento económico de la región Huancavelica en el periodo 2000 – 2018. Se utilizó el método de la modelación económica denominado vectores autorregresivos. Como resultado se obtuvo que un shock en una desviación estándar en la tasa de crecimiento de la inversión produce un efecto positivo desde el primer año hasta el cuarto año de forma sostenida, posterior a ese periodo las innovaciones se estabilizan y se alcanza el nivel de equilibrio consecuentemente la principal fuente de dinamismo en la tasa de crecimiento del PBI. Finalmente, se evidenció que, el 0.73 puntos de variabilidad en la tasa de crecimiento del PBI de la región es atribuible a choques producidos en la tasa de crecimiento de la inversión pública durante el periodo.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko Likuiditas Dimasa Pandemi pada lembaga Keuangan Mikro Syariah
Authors: Bakhri Saiful , Alwi Muhammad
Published: November 2022

In contrast to banking-based financial institutions, regulations or regulations governing risk management and supervision of Islamic microfinance institutions with cooperative legal entities (BMT) are still minimal and still very weak. BMT as a microfinance institution only relies on internal regulations. This study aims to determine the implementation of liquidity risk management in BMT Maslahah. This study concluded that liquidity risk management at BMT Maslahah is managed professionally and neatly with layered supervision. the risk management process includes identification, measurement, monitoring and control carried out systematically with good risk management standards
Peningkatan Literasi Keuangan Syariah Dalam UMKM Di Desa Kuta Parit Kecamatan Selesai Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Ramadani Suci , Nabila Ainnaya Siti
Published: November 2022

Community service activities in Kuta Parit Village, Selesai District, Langkat Regency aim to improve the financial literacy of local communities who have micro businesses so that they can understand the products of Islamic financial services institutions, financial institutions, especially banking, about the benefits and risks of using Islamic financial service institutions' products. The method used is to conduct Islamic financial education delivered by the presenters, as well as conduct evaluations in the form of pre-test and post-test to the participants who were present in the village office hall. The results of the PKM show that the literacy of PKM participants in Kuta Parit Village, Selesai District is quite good in understanding the material related to Islamic financial literacy presented a.) the difference between conventional banking and Islamic banking, b.) in addition to this, MSME actors also understand the products sharia banking service products.
Pengelohan Lahan Menggunakan Sistem Hidroponik Pada Bambu Sebagai Media Tanam Ramah Lingkungan Desa Kesatuan Kecamatan Perbaungan
Authors: Ramadhan Arief
Published: November 2022

Hydroponics is a way of growing plants using a growing medium in the form of water. This method is popular because we don't have to worry about thinking about where the plants will be planted, we can use bamboo and can be placed anywhere. In addition, farming with hydroponic techniques is relatively easy and can be done by anyone and hone creativity to process and create new media for farming. In an effort to help the community in Unity village, Perbaungan sub- district in improving community welfare, it was identified that being creative with hydroponics on a small or household scale is a good segment to be given an understanding of in the development of this activity because it can be a business opportunity on a household scale. The community service outreach activities carried out were providing information and training on growing vegetables in a simple hydroponic manner with a wick system. It is hoped that later, armed with this knowledge, housewives can do it in their own homes and later will be able to easily provide fresh and pesticide-free vegetables for their families and at the same time it can also be used as a business opportunity to increase their income family income.
Design and Programming of a Microcontroller Based on a Solar Tracking System
Authors: Mahmood Farhad Muhsin , Jaafar Saman Sarkawt , Mustafa Renas Wali , Azeez Yousif Hussein , Mahmood Bahroz Kareem
Published: November 2022

This paper is regarding the design and program of a Microcontroller Arduino Uno board using Arduino software to work as a photo-sensor (Active) Single Axis Solar Tracker System (SASTS). A solar panel, two photo-resistors which are also known as Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) on two sides (north/south) of the photovoltaic (PV,) and a servo motor are connected to the Uno board, which is previously running a code that is prepared by Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) then it works as a tracking system. Here, the LDRs send the signal of the presence or absence of the light to the board and based on that signal the Uno reflects a new signal to the servo motor to rotate and find the light source. Lastly, the photo sensor single-axis tracker is made. While the system tries to move the panel face to the sun and change the irradiance intensity, in the meantime it starts a search to find the angle of the highest irradiance. Based on the results that are extracted from the data, the tracker system significantly boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel. Through using the Micro-controller Uno board, LDRs, servo motor, and specially designed mechanical base, the tracking system is constructed, determined from acquired data the influence of the STS on increasing the solar panel power ratio is tremendously obvious. Significantly, the tracker system rises the power ratio of the PV system. Significantly, the tracker system raises the power ratio of the PV. As a result, the tracker system remarkably boosts the output power ratio of the solar panel and increases by up to 32.18%.
La transposición de la Directiva de Emisiones Industriales y su incidencia en la Ley 16/2002 de Prevención y Control Integrados de la Contaminación
Authors: Pernas García J. José
Published: November 2022

El presente artículo analiza la transposición de la Directiva 2010/75, de 24 de noviembre, de emisiones industriales y su incidencia en la Ley 16/2002, de 1 de julio, de prevención y control integrados de la contaminación, centrando el estudio en las novedades más relevantes.
La garantía de disponibilidad de recursos hídricos en la aprobación definitiva de los planes urbanísticos
Authors: Cantó López María Teresa
Published: November 2022

Como la normativa estatal en materia de aguas y la normativa territorial y urbanística autonómica exigen la necesidad de acreditar la suficiencia y disponibilidad de recursos hídricos suficientes para desarrollar actuaciones urbanísticas los procesos de reclasificación de suelo o la decisión de implantar nuevos desarrollos urbanísticos deben elaborarse según el uso sostenible de los recursos hídricos naturales. El problema se plantea cuando la Administración autonómica pretende la aprobación definitiva del instrumento de planeamiento en ausencia de acreditación favorable, o con acreditación desfavorable o con acreditación favorable de suficiencia de recursos hídricos emitida por una entidad colaboradora del suministro. En ese contexto, este artículo viene a analizar tanto la normativa como la interpretación jurisprudencial de la legislación española y valenciana en torno a la emisión del informe de la Confederación hidrográfica sobre la suficiencia de recursos hídricos con carácter previo a la aprobación de un plan urbanístico.
STEM Eğitim Çalışmalarına Farklı Bir Bakış: Bibliyometrik Haritalama
Authors: KURTULUŞ Muhammed Akif , YILMAZ Serkan
Published: November 2022

Araştırma kapsamında STEM eğitimine yönelik belirlenen kısıtlamalar sonucu ortaya çıkan makalelerin analizi yapılmıştır. Toplamda 3362 makaleye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmacıların amacı bağlamında yapılan kısıtlamalar sonucunda 975 makale üzerinden analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada R-Studio programı kullanılarak bibliyometrik analiz yapılmıştır. 2004-2021 yılları arasında Web of Science veri tabanında yayımlanmış STEM eğitimi makaleleri kullanılmıştır. Alana yönelik makalelere, dergilere, anahtar kelimelere, kelime yapılarına, yazarlara, atıf patlama değerlerine, tematik yapılara ve iş birliği ağlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda konu alanının popülerliğinin devam ettiği, uluslararası alanda iş birliğine önem verildiği ve araştırılması gereken farklı konu başlıklarının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle ülkemiz araştırmacılarının konu alanın farklı noktalarına odaklanması ve iş birliğine açık çalışmalara yönelmesi önerilmiştir.
UMA PERSPECTIVA DECOLONIAL PARA A EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL BRASILEIRA NO ENSINO BÁSICO
Authors: Nogueira Ricardo Emílio Ferreira Quevedo
Published: November 2022

O ensino de música, componente obrigatório do currículo das escolas brasileiras, via de regra, se baseia em modelos e obras europeias, apresentadas como padrão de excelência a ser perseguido. Tais obras, a despeito de sua elaborada concepção e aceitação universal, estão muito longe da realidade dos nossos estudantes. A imposição desse tipo de ensino, onde a música europeia é apresentada como “superior”, perpetua um sistema racista de submissão aos valores da “metrópole”, no qual a nossa música é considerada como “inferior”, inculta ou de pior qualidade.  O ensino de música baseado exclusivamente em obras de origem europeia, além disso, pode desestimular o aprendizado ou o gosto dos estudantes que, muitas vezes, não se identificam com os seus estilos, formas e ritmos. A proposta deste trabalho foi pesquisar a bibliografia sobre alternativas de Educação Musical numa perspectiva não-eurocêntrica  (decolonial), analisar algumas abordagens recentes que enfatizam  a cultura nacional e discutir a viabilidade de uma Educação Musical brasileira, que valorizasse a nossa música e permitisse uma aprendizagem mais prazerosa dos fundamentos da linguagem musical.  A partir das observações e conclusões dos estudiosos do tema, verificou-se que uma Educação Musical que inclua nossas músicas e manifestações populares é viável e capaz de propiciar um maior envolvimento e o desenvolvimento musical dos estudantes brasileiros, de modo eficaz e atraente. Este trabalho sugere, portanto, a adoção de uma abordagem para a Educação Musical na educação básica, que seja fortemente baseada na nossa cultura popular e na diversidade da música brasileira.
CONTRA O ESQUECIMENTO E A DESMEMÓRIA: A LITERATURA AFRICANA NA SALA DE AULA
Authors: Porto Luana Teixeira , Porto Ana Paula Teixeira
Published: November 2022

Este estudo apresenta reflexões acerca dos diálogos entre literatura africana, história e cultura, objetivando mostrar como obras de autores como Manuel dos Santos Lima e João Melo realizam esse diálogo. O objetivo do artigo é propor uma leitura para narrativas desses autores de modo a discutir a contribuição estética e história de seus textos para a compreensão de Angola como nação e a relevância da abordagem dessas pobras na sala de aula. Entendemos que a função dada pelos escritores e intelectuais angolanos à literatura é a de um instrumento de registro histórico e linguístico e de perpetuação cultural do país, para além de denúncia e contestação de regimes de opressão vivenciados nesse espaço. Outrossim, a leitura de textos africanos de expressão portuguesa faz-se necessária para a formação intercultural do leitor, tomada de posicionamento político sobre processos (de)coloniais e ainda como artefato cultura capaz de contribuir para se evitar práticas de esquecimento e desmemória acerca de processos coloniais impostos pelo regime imperialista português.
KONSEP KEPEMIMPINAN WANITA DALAM QS. AN-NISA AYAT 34 (Studi Komparatif Tafsir Al-Jami’ li Ahkam Al-Qur’an Karya Imam al-Qurthubi dan Tafsir Kebencian Karya Zaitunah Subhan)
Authors: Khoiroh Isti , Setiawan Agus , Muhammad Hafid Nur
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang konsep kepemimpinan wanita dalam QS. An-Nisa ayat 34, dimana permasalahan tentang kepemimpinan wanita merupakan topik yang selalu menarik, bahkan seakan menjadi polemik berkepanjangan, baik dari kalangan laki-laki maupun perempuan sendiri, kaum intelektual maupun kaum awam. Hal ini juga menjadi permasalahan kontroversial di kalangan ulama klasik dan kontemporer, masing-masing mempunyai argumentasi untuk membolehkan atau tidaknya wanita menjadi pemimpin. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Abdul Hayy Al-Farmawi yaitu metode muqarran (perbandingan). Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencari ayat Al-Qurán yang berkaitan dengan topik permasalahan kemudian mengemukakan pendapat para mufassir baik khalaf maupun salaf, membandingkan kedua pendapat tersebut, dan terakhir membuat kesimpulan dengan analisis penulis. Yang mana dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan dalam rumah tangga, mutlak oleh laki-laki. Sedangkan dalam kepemimpinan public, baik laki-laki maupun wanita keduanya memiliki hak untuk memimpin dengan syarat yang telah ditentukan.
Analysis on the Employment Situation and Countermeasures of Sino-foreign Cooperative College Graduates in Central and Western China - Based on the Analysis of the School Running Projects of C University
Authors: Huang Xinzheng , Qu Shenggang , Mo Xiaojiao
Published: November 2022

Under the background of the new era, how to serve the "the Belt and Road" strategy and how to train and deliver talents for Sino foreign cooperation in running schools in central and western universities has become a matter of social concern. In addition, under the influence of COVID-19, the employment space of graduates from Sino foreign cooperative education projects has been severely compressed, and the contradiction between talent supply and demand has intensified. Based on the data of the School of International Education of University C from 2015 to 2021, the analysis of employment status shows that the employment rate of graduates has fluctuated due to the impact of external environment in the past seven years. The analysis of the four aspects of employment region, employment type, employment market, and employment quality shows that the comprehensive quality of students needs to be improved, employment information service needs to be strengthened, employment assistance and guidance needs to be improved, and the participation of grassroots employment projects is not high, It is expected to promote the employment of graduates of Sino foreign cooperation projects in colleges and universities in the central and western regions through the establishment of the employability enhancement project, the improvement of employment information service quality, the strengthening of employment assistance and guidance, and the vigorous publicity of grass-roots employment projects.
Innovation and Practice of Employment Guidance Teaching Mode Guided by Improving Employment Ability
Authors: Wu Guilan , Qu Shenggang
Published: November 2022

The number of college students is increasing every year, so the difficulty of employment is in front of all colleges and universities, so improving the employability of college students is a problem that needs to be solved. Based on the investigation of the current teaching situation of college students' employment guidance course and the analysis of the reasons for the current teaching situation of college students' employment guidance course, this paper puts forward some measures to innovate the teaching mode of college students' employment guidance course, aiming to help and guide the improvement of college students' employment ability.
EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP AND ITS IMPACT ON INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PERFORMED
Authors: Bernabé Castaño Miguel , FERRI REVERT INES , RODRÍGUEZ PRIETO ÁLVARO
Published: November 2022

ABSTRACT:
Occupational health and safety are important components in the workplace. Ineffective leadership in occupational safety and health can lead to a loss of productivity, undermining the economic benefits of the activity and, ultimately - and more significantly - can lead to serious accidents or even deaths, as well as an insufficient physical and mental workers health. Thus, the main objective of this study is to identify, collect and evaluate relevant research work on leadership and its impact on job safety in various economic sectors. This systematic review has focused on analyzing the role of business leadership and its relationship with job safety in the studied economic sector, using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. The Web Of Science Database (WOS) and SCOPUS were consulted. Studies were selected by using predefined fields. Thus, 1,256 articles were collected, 259 duplicate articles were eliminated, after reading the title and abstract, 961 articles were excluded, and, finally, in 36 articles the full text were analyzed, discarding 26 articles finally. The results show that safety, transformational leadership have been among the most researched and to a lesser extent empowerment leadership. They have also been related to variables that intervene in the influence of the leader over the follower in terms of occupational safety. The work areas in which leadership and occupational safety have been studied covering the last 5 years, was the following sectors: construction, industrial equipment, railway, aeronautic, metallurgy, electrical power and tourism.
Keywords: Leadership, industrial safety, occupational health, methodology, operations management.
Mirabilis jalapa Linn.: A Folklore Ayurvedic Medicinal Plant in Sri Lanka
Authors: Peiris D. S. H. S , Fernando D. T. K , Senadeera S. P. N. N , Chandana A. K , Ranaweera C. B
Published: November 2022

Mirabilis jalapa Linn. (Nyctaginaceae), commonly referred to as the Four O'clock plant (Sinhala name: Hendirikka), is a popular ornamental plant grown for the beauty of its flowers and used in folklore remedies. This plant is used to treat a variety of disease conditions around the world. It is widely used for abdominal colic, aphrodisiac, boils, diarrhea, inflammations, genitourinary disorders, muscular pain, and other issues by people from various countries. This plant contains several phytochemical compounds isolated from its parts, such as alkaloids, brassicasterol, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols (beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol), oleanolic acid, trigonelline, and ursolic acid. This plant has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal), antioxidant & cytotoxic, anti-tumor, anti-nociceptive, antihistamine and immune modulatory, anti-tubercular induced hepatotoxic effect, antiparasitic, dermatological, and hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties. It is also used as a reductant in the production of gold nanoparticles. This research aims to review the literature on Mirabilis Jalapa’s morphology, ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties.
Predictors of sexual aggression among gay men and lesbian women: An application of Malamuth's confluence model
Authors: Waldis Lea , Herzberg Philipp Yorck , Herold Julia , Nothhelfer Konstanze , Krebs Joline , Troche Stefan
Published: November 2022

The present study investigated whether the core constructs of Malamuth's confluence model (i.e., hostility against individuals of the same sex and sexual orientation [HASSO], impersonal sexuality [IS], and high dominance/low nurturance [HDLN]) could predict sexual aggressive behavior (SA) of gay men against other gay men and of lesbian women against other lesbian women. For both gay men (N = 226) and lesbian women (N = 190) regression analysis showed that IS, HDLN, and especially HASSO proved to be important predictors for sexual aggression. The confluence of all three risk factors in terms of a three‐way interaction added to the prediction of SA in lesbian women but not in gay men. Overall, the three predictors explained 30% of the variance in SA among men and 62% of the variance in SA among women.
Automatic measurement of beam‐positioning accuracy at off‐isocenter positions
Authors: Ono Tomohiro , Kido Takahisa , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Iramina Hiraku , Kakino Ryo , Mizowaki Takashi
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study performed an automatic measurement of the off‐axis beam‐positioning accuracy at a single isocenter via the TrueBeam Developer mode and evaluated the beam‐positioning accuracy considering the effect of couch rotational errors.

Methods

TrueBeam STx and the Winston–Lutz test‐dedicated phantom, with a 3 mm diameter steel ball, were used in this study. The phantom was placed on the treatment couch, and the Winston–Lutz test was performed at the isocenter for four gantry angles (0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°) using an electronic portal imaging device. The phantom offset positions were at distances of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mm from the isocenter along the superior–inferior, anterior–posterior, and left–right directions. Seventeen patterns of multileaf collimator‐shaped square fields of 10 × 10 mm2 were created at the isocenter and off‐axis positions for each gantry angle. The beam‐positioning accuracy was evaluated with couch rotation along the yaw‐axis (0°, ± 0.5°, and ± 1.0°).

Results

The mean beam‐positioning errors at the isocenter and off‐isocenter distances (from the isocenter to ±100 mm) were 0.46–0.60, 0.44–0.91, and 0.42–1.11 mm for the couch angles of 0°, ±0.5°, and ±1°, respectively. The beam‐positioning errors increased as the distance from the isocenter and couch rotation increased.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the beam‐positioning accuracy at the isocenter and off‐isocenter positions can be evaluated quickly and automatically using the TrueBeam Developer mode. The proposed procedure is expected to contribute to an efficient evaluation of the beam‐positioning accuracy at off‐isocenter positions.
Multi‐Stage Phase‐Segregation of Mixed Halide Perovskites under Illumination: A Quantitative Comparison of Experimental Observations and Thermodynamic Models
Authors: Suchan Klara , Just Justus , Beblo Pascal , Rehermann Carolin , Merdasa Aboma , Mainz Roland , Scheblykin Ivan G. , Unger Eva
Published: November 2022

Photo‐ and charge‐carrier‐induced ion migration is a major challenge when utilizing metal halide perovskite semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. For mixed iodide/bromide perovskites, the compositional instability due to light‐ or electrical bias induced phase‐segregation restricts the exploitation of the entire bandgap range. Previous experimental and theoretical work suggests that excited states or charge carriers trigger the process, but the exact mechanism is still under debate. To identify the mechanism and cause of light‐induced phase‐segregation phenomena, the full compositional range of methylammonium lead bromide/iodide samples are investigated, MAPb(BrxI1‐x)3 with x = 0…1, by simultaneous in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy during illumination. The quantitative comparison of composition‐dependent in situ XRD and PL shows that at excitation densities of 1 sun, only the initial stage of photo‐segregation is rationalized with the previously established thermodynamic models. However, a progression of the phase segregation is observed that is rationalized by considering long‐lived accumulative photo‐induced material alterations. It is suggested that (additional) photo‐induced defects, possibly halide vacancies and interstitials, need to be considered to fully rationalize light‐induced phase segregation and anticipate the findings to provide crucial insight for the development of more sophisticated models.
2D Oxides Realized via Confinement Heteroepitaxy
Authors: Turker Furkan , Dong Chengye , Wetherington Maxwell T. , El‐Sherif Hesham , Holoviak Stephen , Trdinich Zachary J. , Lawson Eric T. , Krishnan Gopi , Whittier Caleb , Sinnott Susan B. , Bassim Nabil , Robinson Joshua A.
Published: November 2022

Novel confinement techniques facilitate the formation of non‐layered 2D materials. Here it is demonstrated that the formation and properties of 2D oxides (GaOx, InOx, SnOx) at the epitaxial graphene (EG)/silicon carbide (SiC) interface is dependent on the EG buffer layer properties prior to element intercalation. Using 2D Ga, it is demonstrated that defects in the EG buffer layer lead to Ga transforming to GaOx with non‐periodic oxygen in a crystalline Ga matrix via air oxidation at room temperature. However, crystalline monolayer GaO2 and bilayer Ga2O3 with ferroelectric wurtzite structure(FE‐WZ') can then be formed via subsequent high‐temperature O2 annealing. Furthermore, the graphene/X/SiC (X = 2D Ga or Ga2O3) junction is tunable from Ohmic to a Schottky or tunnel barrier depending on the interface species. Finally, using vertical transport measurements and electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis, the bandgap of 2D gallium oxide is identified as 6.6 ± 0.6 eV, significantly larger than that of bulk β‐Ga2O3 (≈4.8 eV), suggesting strong quantum confinement effects at the 2D limit. The study presented here is foundational for development of atomic‐scale, vertical 2D/3D heterostructure for applications requiring short transit times, such as GHz and THz devices.
Tissue‐Targeted Drug Delivery Strategies to Promote Antigen‐Specific Immune Tolerance
Authors: Rui Yuan , Eppler Haleigh B. , Yanes Alexis A. , Jewell Christopher M.
Published: November 2022

During autoimmunity or organ transplant rejection, the immune system attacks host or transplanted tissue, causing debilitating inflammation for millions of patients. There is no cure for most of these diseases. Further, available therapies modulate inflammation through nonspecific pathways, reducing symptoms but also compromising patients’ ability to mount healthy immune responses. Recent preclinical advances to regulate immune dysfunction with vaccine‐like antigen specificity reveal exciting opportunities to address the root cause of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Several of these therapies are currently undergoing clinical trials, underscoring the promise of antigen‐specific tolerance. Achieving antigen‐specific tolerance requires precision and often combinatorial delivery of antigen, cytokines, small molecule drugs, and other immunomodulators. This can be facilitated by biomaterial technologies, which can be engineered to orient and display immunological cues, protect against degradation, and selectively deliver signals to specific tissues or cell populations. In this review, some key immune cell populations involved in autoimmunity and healthy immune tolerance are described. Opportunities for drug delivery to immunological organs are discussed, where specialized tissue‐resident immune cells can be programmed to respond in unique ways toward antigens. Finally, cell‐ and biomaterial‐based therapies to induce antigen‐specific immune tolerance that are currently undergoing clinical trials are highlighted.
Microneedle‐Assisted Transdermal Delivery of 2D Bimetallic Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet‐Based Cascade Biocatalysts for Enhanced Catalytic Therapy of Melanoma
Authors: Chen Jiajie , Niu Huicong , Guan Lei , Yang Zhibo , He Yuzhao , Zhao Jinjin , Wu Chengtie , Wang Yitong , Lin Kaili , Zhu Yufang
Published: November 2022

Current conventional treatments for malignant melanoma still face limitations, especially low therapeutic efficacy and serious side effects, and more effective strategies are urgently needed to develop them. Delivering biocatalysts into tumors to efficiently trigger in situ cascade reactions has shown huge potential in producing more therapeutic species or generating stronger tumoricidal effects for augmented tumor therapy. Recently, ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets have acquired great interest in biocatalysis owing to their large surface areas and abundant accessible active catalytic sites. Herein, an enhanced catalytic therapeutic strategy against melanoma is developed by biocompatible microneedle (MN)‐assisted transdermal delivery of a 2D bimetallic MOF nanosheet‐based cascade biocatalyst (Cu‐TCPP(Fe)@GOD). Profiting from the constructed dissolving MN system, the loaded Cu‐TCPP(Fe)@GOD hybrid nanosheets can be accurately delivered into the melanoma sites through skin barriers, and subsequently, trigger the specific cascade catalytic reactions in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment to effectively generate highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) and deplete glucose nutrient for inducing the death of melanoma cells. The ultimate results prove the high melanoma inhibition effect and biosafety of such therapeutic modality, exhibiting a new and promising strategy to conquer malignant melanoma.
Fibrillization of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enables 19% Efficiency Pseudo‐Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Donghui , Deng Nan , Fu Yiwei , Guo Chuanhang , Zhou Bojun , Wang Liang , Zhou Jing , Liu Dan , Li Wei , Wang Kai , Sun Yanming , Wang Tao
Published: November 2022

The structural order and aggregation of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFA) are critical toward light absorption, phase separation, and charge transport properties of their photovoltaic blends with electron donors, and determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the corresponding organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, the fibrillization of small molecular NFA L8‐BO with the assistance of fused‐ring solvent additive 1‐fluoronaphthalene (FN) to substantially improve device PCE is demonstrated. Molecular dynamics simulations show that FN attaches to the backbone of L8‐BO as the molecular bridge to enhance the intermolecular packing , inducing 1D self‐assembly of L8‐BO into fine fibrils with a compact polycrystal structure. The L8‐BO fibrils are incorporated into a pseudo‐bulk heterojunction (P‐BHJ) active layer with D18 as a donor, and show enhanced light absorption, charge transport, and collection properties, leading to enhanced PCE from 16.0% to an unprecedented 19.0% in the D18/L8‐BO binary P‐BHJ OSC, featuring a high fill factor of 80%. This work demonstrates a strategy for fibrillating NFAs toward the enhanced performance of OSCs.
Nanoengineered Carbon‐Based Interfaces for Advanced Energy and Photonics Applications: A Recent Progress and Innovations
Authors: Levchenko Igor , Baranov Oleg , Riccardi Claudia , Roman H. Eduardo , Cvelbar Uroš , Ivanova Elena P. , Mohandas Mandhakini , Ščajev Patrik , Malinauskas Tadas , Xu Shuyan , Bazaka Kateryna
Published: November 2022

As famed quantum physicist W. Pauli once said, “The surface was invented by the devil”. The nonequilibrium state of particles forming the surface, and the presence of dangling bonds transform the surfaces into a 2D reactor with high physical and chemical reactivity. When two such active surfaces are matched, their interface becomes even more reactive, giving rise to novel properties or enhanced performance. For this reason, much effort is applied to design nanoengineered interfacial systems for applications spanning all facets of human life. This review article discusses recent, mostly within two years, progress in the design of complex, sophisticated carbon‐based interfacial material systems for energy and photonics applications, with the aim to emphasize some of the most interesting and important examples of such systems. Differences in the processes that take place on flat and 3D (curved) surfaces are discussed, with the view of guiding the design and construction of complex functional interfaces, focusing on several points that are of particular importance to the ongoing development of advanced interfacial material systems.
Manganese‐CpG Nanocomposite Integrates ROS‐Induced Cell Apoptosis and STING‐Activated and Adjuvant‐Augmented Immune Responses for Tumor Elimination and Prevention
Authors: Chen Jie , Lu Jianxiu , Shan Yunyi , Wang Yanqiu , Xu Zhilong , Xi Juqun , Fan Lei , Gao Lizeng
Published: November 2022

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on Fenton‐like reaction possesses great potential for anticancer therapy with high efficiency and specificity. However, CDT still suffers low therapeutic efficiency due to intratumoral insufficient H2O2 or unfavorable tumor microenvironment. To enhance tumor treatment and in particular prevent tumor recurrence, the combined strategies with CDT are essentially needed. Herein, a nanocomposite based on Mn2+ and cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine oligonucleotides (CpG ODNs) (MnCpGPNCs) is constructed to combine CDT with immunostimulating responses by exploiting Mn2+‐induced CDT and Mn2+/CpG ODNs‐coinduced immunotherapy against mouse colon tumor cells. Specifically, MnCpGPNCs efficiently deliver and sensitively release Mn2+ in tumor cells to trigger Fenton‐like reaction, causing cell apoptosis. Importantly, Mn2+ also promotes the stimulator of interferon genes pathway to increase the production of type I interferons, thus increasing cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration, dendritic cell maturation, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, CpG ODNs serve as immune adjuvant enhanced the antigen presentation and immune‐eliciting potency. The combination of Mn2+‐based CDT with augmented immunotherapy efficiently inhibits the primary/distance tumors and prevents tumorigenesis. Overall, this newly developed metal‐CpG system demonstrates a paradigm to expand chemodynamic agents as immunotherapy boosters to complement current treatments for tumor elimination and prevention.
Bulk Oxygen Stabilization via Electrode‐Electrolyte Interphase Tailored Surface Activities of Li‐Rich Cathodes
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhao Jingteng , Lee Gi‐Hyeok , Liang Yuan , Wang Boya , Liu Shiqi , Wang Errui , Yang Wanli , Yu Haijun
Published: November 2022

The O3‐type Li‐rich layered oxides (LLOs) are approaching industrial applications as high‐energy cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), however, they suffer from rapid performance decay associated with oxygen activities. The interplay between surface and bulk transformations in LLOs, especially the electrochemical behaviors of oxygen anions, remains elusive. Here, by regulating the surface of an O3‐type LLO (Li1.13Mn0.517Ni0.256Co0.097O2) using an all‐fluorinated electrolyte, an enhanced capacity retention from 57.4% to 85.3% and a suppressed voltage decay from 1.34 mV cycle−1 to 0.58 mV cycle−1 within 300 cycles are realized. The performance enhancement is attributed to the thin, uniform, robust, and compact F‐rich cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI), which suppresses various types of oxygen‐related surface degradation and, more importantly, stabilizes the bulk oxygen reactions. Through the combined experimental and theoretical studies, this work directly reveals the intriguing association between the surface and bulk oxygen activities and demonstrates that optimizing the interphase is an effective approach for improving the stability of high‐energy battery cathodes involving oxygen redox reactions.
Toward Extremely Fast Charging through Boosting Intercalative Redox Pseudocapacitance: A SbCrSe3 Anode for Large and Fast Sodium Storage
Authors: Peng Baixin , Xu Shumao , Lv Zhuoran , Zhang Shaoning , Gao Yusha , Lin Tianquan , Huang Fuqiang
Published: November 2022

Alloying‐type metals with high theoretical capacity are promising anode materials for sodium ion batteries, but suffer from large volume expansion and sluggish reaction kinetics. Dispersing alloying‐type metal into a buffer matrix with interfacial anionic covalent bonding is an effective method to solve the above issues. Here, this bifunctional structural unit is designed by incorporating high‐capacity Sb metal into a rigid CrSe framework for fast‐charging applications. The high‐capacity and high‐rate sodium storage can be synergistically realized in the bifunctional SbCrSe system, where the rigid CrSe framework endows the SbCrSe3 anodes with superior structural stability and improved intercalative redox pseudocapacitance. Moreover, the volume expansion of Sb during discharge can be buffered by the CrSe chain‐like matrix. The novel SbCrSe3 anode delivers a high charge capacity of 472 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.4 C and retains ≈100% capacity at 60 C over 10 000 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ characterization reveal the multistep reaction mechanism, and the breakage and formation of reversible SbSe bonds during (dis)charge. The proposed bifunctional structural unit that combines alloying type anodes and intercalative anodes is expected to pave a new road for the development of high capacity and high rate anode materials.
Electrochemical ammonia production from nitrates in agricultural tile drainage: Technoeconomic and global warming analysis
Authors: Samaroo Sharmila , Hickey David P.
Published: November 2022

Nitrates from agricultural wastewater are harmful to human health and result in eutrophication. Several emerging electrochemical technologies have been developed independently to enable efficient recovery and recycling of nitrate waste; however, it remains unclear whether the implementation of such combined technologies can be economically viable. Herein, we perform technoeconomic and global warming potential analyses on several hypothetical nitrate capture and conversion systems for the recovery of nitrates from agricultural wastewater and conversion of nitrate to ammonia. The energy efficient technologies incorporated include: electrodialysis for nitrate separation, electrocatalysis for ambient ammonia production, and agrophotovoltaics as a clean energy source. Our technoeconomic analysis reveals that despite advancements in nitrate separation and conversion, capital investments for system installation cannot be recovered by the financial benefit of on‐site fertilizer production. Our analysis highlights the necessity of government intervention to promote nitrate abatement technologies to ensure environmental compliance and protect public health.
MOF‐derived bimetallic NiCo nanoalloys for the hydrogenation of biomass‐derived levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone
Authors: Xu Hong , Hu Di , Lin Lu , Zhang Man , Li Xin , Zeng Yongjian , Amer Mahmoud , Luo Wenhao , Yan Kai
Published: November 2022

The selective hydrogenation of biomass‐derived levulinic acid (LA) to γ‐valerolactone (GVL) is one of pivotal reactions in many of the biorefinery schemes for the production of value‐added chemicals and biofuels. Herein, we have fabricated carbon‐supported bimetallic NiCo catalysts based on the metal–organic framework (MOF) material via a pyrolysis method. The as‐obtained Ni1Co1 bimetallic catalyst outperforms monometallic counterparts in the catalytic performance of LA‐to‐GVL, with a nearly full conversion of LA and a GVL yield of 95.2%, in particular with an excellent catalyst stability up to seven consecutive runs at 160°C and 4 MPa H2. Based on a combined characterization study by employing advanced techniques, for example, extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HADDF‐STEM), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we reveal that the enhanced catalytic performance, in particular the excellent stability, could be attributed to the formation of the bimetallic alloys, which efficiently alleviates the metal leaching and sintering during catalysis.
Variants in AQP11 may result in autosomal recessive bilateral cystic renal dysgenesis
Authors: Price Michael E. , Fishler Kristen P. , Muff‐Luett Melissa , Mauch Teri J. , Brunelli Luca , Euteneuer Joshua C.
Published: November 2022

Congenital renal cystic dysplasia is a rare disease that occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 children and is often discovered in the antenatal period by ultrasound. It is commonly associated with oligohydramnios in utero and/or renal insufficiency or failure in the postnatal period. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that serve as transport channels in the transfer of water or small solutes across cell membranes. They play a role in the development of renal cysts. Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) deficient mice develop polycystic kidney disease in utero due to disruption of polycystin‐1. Here we describe a case of bilateral cystic kidney disease in a patient with novel compound heterozygous variants in AQP11: c.780G>T (p. Trp260Cys) and c.472C>T (p.Pro158Ser) (NM_173039.2) identified by whole genome sequencing. These findings suggest, for the first time, the potential role of AQP11 in congenital renal cystic dysplasia.
Modular One‐Step Three‐Component Assembly of Isochromans via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Wei Han , Wei Qiang , Wu Chenggui , Liu Chang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Zhou Qianghui
Published: November 2022

We herein report a modular one‐step three‐component protocol for the assembly of isochromans, which involved a Catellani/oxa‐Michael addition cascade. This approach features readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, low palladium catalyst loading, good scalability as well as high step‐ and atom‐economy.
Persicamidine – Außergewöhnliche Sesquarterpenoide mit potenter antiviraler Bioaktivität gegen Coronaviren
Authors: Keller Lena , Oueis Emilia , Kaur Amninder , Safaei Nasim , Kirsch Susanne H. , Gunesch Antonia P. , Haid Sibylle , Rand Ulfert , Čičin‐Šain Luka , Fu Chengzhang , Wink Joachim , Pietschmann Thomas , Müller Rolf
Published: November 2022

Eine neue Substanzfamilie von ungewöhnlichen Sesquarterpenoiden (Persicamidine A–E) mit hoher antiviraler Aktivität wurde aus einem kürzlich entdeckten Aktinobakterien‐Stamm (Kibdelosporangium persicum sp. nov.) isoliert, welcher aus einem Wüstenhabitat im Iran stammt. Umfangreiche NMR‐Analysen entlarvten ein hexazyklisches Terpenoidmolekül mit einer modifizierten Zuckereinheit auf einer Seite und einer höchst ungewöhnlichen Isoharnstoffeinheit, die mit der Terpenoidstruktur verbunden ist. Die Strukturen der fünf Derivate unterschieden sich ausschließlich durch die Aminoalkyl‐Seitenkette, die an die Isoharnstoffeinheit gebunden ist. Die Persicamidine A–E zeigten eine starke Aktivität gegen hCoV‐229E‐ und SARS‐CoV‐2‐Viren im nanomolaren Bereich bei gleichzeitig sehr guten Selektivitätsindizes. Dies macht die Persicamidine zu vielversprechenden Ausgangsverbindungen für die Arzneimittelentwicklung.
Controlled Annealing in Adaptive Multicomponent Gels
Authors: Ravarino Paolo , Panja Santanu , Bianco Simona , Koev Todor , Wallace Matthew , Adams Dave J.
Published: November 2022

We use a pH‐driven annealing process to convert between co‐assembled and self‐sorted networks in multicomponent gels. The initially formed gels at low pH are co‐assembled, with the two components coexisting within the same self‐assembled structures. We use an enzymatic approach to increase the pH, resulting in a gel‐to‐sol transition, followed by a hydrolysis to lower the pH once again. As the pH decreases, a self‐sorted network is formed by a two‐stage gelation process determined by the pKaof each component. This approach can be expanded to layered systems to generate many varied systems by changing composition and rates of pH change, adapting their microstructure and so allowing access to a far greater range of morphologies and complexity than can be achieved in single component systems.
Emerging Materials for Interfacial Solar‐Driven Water Purification
Authors: Cao Sijia , Thomas Arne , Li Changxia
Published: November 2022

Solar‐driven water purification is considered as an effective and sustainable technology for water treatment using green solar energy. One major goal for practical applications is to improve the solar evaporation performance by the design of novel photothermal materials, with optimized heat localization and water transport pathways to achieve reduced energy consumption for water vaporization. Recently, some emerging materials like polymers, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and also single molecules were employed to construct novel solar evaporation systems. In this minireview, we present an overview of the recent efforts on materials development for water purification systems. The state‐of‐the‐art applications of these emerging materials for solar‐driven water treatment, including desalination, wastewater purification, sterilization and energy production, are also summarized.
Bulk‐like Pt(100)‐oriented Ultrathin Surface: Combining the Merits of Single Crystals and Nanoparticles to Boost Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Gong Shuyan , Sun Mingze , Lee Yiyang , Becknell Nigel , Zhang Jiangwei , Wang Zhongqi , Zhang Liang , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: November 2022

Single crystal surfaces with highly coordinated sites very often hold high specific activities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and others. Transposing their high specific activity to practical high‐surface‐area electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here, ultrathin Pt(100) alloy surface is constructed via epitaxial growth. The surface shows 3.1–6.9 % compressive strain and bulk‐like characteristics as demonstrated by site‐probe reactions and different spectroscopies. Its ORR activity exceeds that of bulk Pt3Ni(100) and Pt(111) and presents a 19‐fold increase in specific activity and a 13‐fold increase in mass activity relative to commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) is increased by 4‐fold compared to traditional thin films (e.g. NSTF), which makes the catalyst more tolerant to voltage loss at high current densities under fuel cell operation. This work broadens the family of extended surface catalysts and highlights the knowledge‐driven approach in the development of advanced electrocatalysts.