bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of HIV infection at 18 months of age among HIV-exposed infants in the context of PMTCT interventions in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Israel Eskinder , Astatkie Ayalew , Taye Kefyalew , Christou Aliki , Lejore Ephrem , Asefa Anteneh
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV accounts for over 90% of annual HIV infections among children under the age of 15. Despite the introduction of the Option B+ strategy in Ethiopia in 2013, the rate of MTCT of HIV at 18 months was 15% in 2020. This study aimed to identify determinants of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) in the context of prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) care in southern Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective facility-based study of 299 mother-baby pairs (HIV-infected women and their HEIs up to 18 months) enrolled in PMTCT care at three health facilities in Wolaita Sodo town, southern Ethiopia, from September 2015 to October 2021. Data was collected from medical charts and PMTCT registers. Logistic regression was used to identify determinants of HIV infection among HEIs.

Results

At enrolment into PMTCT care, most women were already on ART (75.3%) and in clinical stage I (89.6%) according to the World Health Organization's algorithm. Overall, 13 (4.3%, 95% CI: 2.5%–7.4%) HEIs were HIV-infected; the level was higher among HEIs born at home (17.9% (95% CI: 7.6%–36.5%). Being born to HIV-positive women with late WHO clinical stage (III and IV) of HIV (AOR = 9.1, 95%CI: 2.4, 34.5), being born at home (AOR = 4.8, 95%CI: 1.1–20.7), being born to women newly diagnosed with HIV (AOR = 4.8, 95%CI: 1.3–17.4), and low infant adherence to cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (AOR = 5.4, 95%CI: 1.4–20.4) increased the odds of MTCT.

Conclusion

HIV infection levels among breastfeeding HEIs in PMTCT care was <5%, meeting the WHO transmission rate targets. Strengthening PMTCT care to expand community-based PMTCT interventions such as improving women's and communities’ awareness of HIV, PMTCT and promoting male involvement would reduce reduce HIV infection among children to reach the 95–95–95 targets to end HIV in Ethiopia.
Corporate engagement in mitigating plastic pollution: examining voluntary initiatives and EU regulations
Authors: Bokor Barbara
Published: November 2024

Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, with far-reaching ecological, economic, and social implications. This article addresses the fragmented nature of the current literature on plastic pollution regulations and their impact on the corporate sector and aims to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the current EU regulatory framework and corporate voluntary self-regulatory initiatives relevant to plastic pollution. Examining voluntary initiatives – including corporate social responsibility (CSR) programs and the emerging concept of plastic credits – in terms of their potential to tackle plastic pollution and promote environmental sustainability, the article presents novel insights on how different regulatory mechanisms and voluntary self-regulatory initiatives engage the corporate sector in mitigating plastic pollution. While highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts between regulatory bodies and businesses, the study critically evaluates the challenges and limitations of current approaches. It addresses concerns about the efficacy and transparency of CSR initiatives, with particular attention to the issue of greenwashing and its potential legal implications. By synthesizing diverse sources, this article emphasizes the need to combine stringent regulatory frameworks with responsible business practices to engage the corporate sector in preventing and mitigating plastic pollution, specifically within the context of the European Union’s pioneering environmental policy. Ultimately, the study suggests that the most effective long-term solution lies in reducing plastic production altogether while acknowledging the role of transitional measures in the interim.
Working With Nature to Reduce the Impacts of Climate Change
Authors: Holden Petra , New Mark
Published: November 2024

Climate change is making extreme climate events, such as droughts and floods, more severe all over the world. Working with nature could help reduce or completely remove these dangerous impacts of climate change. We developed a way to measure how much working with nature can reduce the impacts of extreme drought on society. We applied it to one of the worst water crises experienced by a city: the Cape Town day zero drought, in which the taps of city dwellers almost ran dry. We found that clearing thirsty, non-native trees from the mountains that provide the city’s water could have allowed more water to flow through rivers into the city’s dams. But it would not have removed the full climate change impact. This tells us that working with nature is important in the fight against climate change, but that other types of solutions are also needed to protect societies, too.
Looking beyond relative age to understand relative advantage and disadvantage in talent development
Authors: Sweeney Liam , de la Rubia Alfonso , Taylor Jamie , Bjørndal Christian Thue
Published: November 2024

In this perspective article, we argue for a broader consideration of relative advantages and disadvantages in youth sport; a lens that considers the complex biopsychosocial factors that influence athlete development beyond relative age. We begin with a brief overview of Relative Age Effects (RAEs), with a particular focus on the proposed underlying mechanisms, followed by a discussion of the cultural and organisational considerations and implications that talent systems must consider when implementing interventions to counteract RAEs. We conclude by proposing key directions for future research in respect to RAEs and talent development more broadly. We argue that there is a need to consider the highly complex nature of RAEs, but also that there are no clear solutions to the issue of RAEs in youth sports, and that proposed solutions may come with unintended consequences. This should encourage us to experiment more, not less, with diverse ways of providing meaningful sports experiences that promote learning, psychosocial development, and performance. We suggest an urgent need for greater practical and research focus on supporting coaches, as they have the greatest capacity to understand the needs of individual athletes. In addition, systemically working towards equal access to skilful coaches. We encourage a shift in focus beyond descriptive methodologies of RAEs toward transformative research methodologies that include action-based research, complex interventions that incorporate context-sensitive qualitative methods, and other participatory research approaches.
Rice residue management alternatives and nitrogen optimization: impact on wheat productivity, microbial dynamics, and enzymatic activities
Authors: Chaudhary Charul , Yadav Dharam B. , Hooda Virender S. , Chaudhary Ankur , Parshad Jagdish , Kumar Ankush , Khedwal Rajbir SIngh , Yadav Ashok
Published: November 2024

In response to the degraded soil health and lack of improvement in the yield of rice–wheat cropping systems in South Asia’s Indo-Gangetic Plains, an experiment was formulated in a split-plot design. Four rice residue management practices were the primary factor, alongside two nitrogen levels (150 and 180 kg/ha) and two nitrogen split levels (two and three splits) as sub-treatments. The findings revealed a notable increase in soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial count, and enzymatic activity in plots subjected to conservation tillage and residue treatment compared to those in plots subjected to partial residue (anchored stubbles) and conventional methods (residue incorporated with chopping). The collective analysis demonstrated a significant influence of rice residue management practices and nitrogen application levels on wheat yield attributes and productivity. Specifically, zero tillage with full residue (unchopped) in wheat exhibited a 5.23% increase in grain yield compared to conventional tillage with full residue (chopped), concurrently boosting the soil microbial count by 19.80–25%, the diazotrophic count by 29.43–31.6%, and the actinomycete count by 20.15–32.99% compared with conventional tillage. Moreover, applying nitrogen in three splits (at sowing, before the 1st irrigation, and after the 1st irrigation) led to a 6.25% increase in grain yield than that in two splits (at sowing and after the 1st irrigation), significantly impacting wheat productivity in the soil. Furthermore, the zero tillage-happy seeder with full residue elevated dehydrogenase activity from 77.94 to 88.32 μg TPF/g soil/24 h during the study year, surpassing that in the conventional plot. This increase in enzymatic activity was paralleled by a robust positive correlation between the microbial population and enzymatic activity across various residue retention practices. In conclusion, the results underscore the efficacy of crop residue retention following conservation tillage, in tandem with nitrogen optimization and scheduling, in enhancing wheat yield within the rice–wheat cropping system.
Resilience for Sustainability: The Synergistic Role of Green Human Resources Management, Circular Economy, and Green Organizational Culture in the Hotel Industry
Authors: Elshaer Ibrahim A. , Azazz Alaa M. S. , Kooli Chokri , Alqasa Khaled M. A. , Afaneh Jehad , Fathy Eslam Ahmed , Fouad Amr Mohamed , Fayyad Sameh
Published: November 2024

This research explores the extent to which Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices in the Egyptian hotel sector contribute to the adoption of Circular Economy (CE) practices and, eventually, organizational resilience. Using a sample of 402 employees from green-certified Egyptian hotels, the current study applied Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on the data collected. The results show the positive effect of GHRM on the adoption of a circular economy that significantly enhances both internal and external organizational resilience. In addition, high Green Organizational Culture (GOC) strengthens the positive relationship of GHRM with the adoption of a circular economy. From this work, some empirical evidence is provided to show that circular economy practices can play a partial mediating role between GHRM and organizational resilience. These findings also present valuable insights for hotel managers and policymakers on how to achieve sustainability and resilience by means of integrated GHRM and circular economy strategies.
Blockchain-Enabled Supply Chain Finance: A Bibliometric Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Abdullah Asaduddin , Satria Arif , Mulyati Heti , Arkeman Yandra , Indrawan Dikky
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed weaknesses in traditional supply chain finance systems, highlighting the need for digital change. Blockchain technology, with its ability to create secure and transparent records of transactions, offers a potential solution. This study uses bibliometric analysis and a literature review to examine research on blockchain-enabled supply chain finance, drawing on a database of 446 articles from ScienceDirect and Scopus. The findings show a growing interest in how blockchain can improve transparency, efficiency, and security in supply chain finance, addressing challenges like information asymmetry. This study suggests future research should focus on real-world applications of blockchain, how it can be used with other technologies, regulations and governance, and the social and environmental impacts of blockchain-based supply chain finance. This research also highlights the different priorities of the Global North and South in blockchain-enabled supply chain finance. The North focuses on efficiency and traceability, while the South emphasizes adding value and transparency. A lack of research on fair pricing, especially in the Global South, points to a critical gap that future research needs to address to ensure fairness in global trade.
Using RET-He and Delta-He in the Sysmex XN-1000V Analyzer to Differentiate Between Chronic Hemorrhagic and Chronic Inflammatory Anemia in Small Animals
Authors: Perez-Ecija Alejandro , Fernandez-Castañer Julio , Martinez Carmen , Mendoza Francisco J.
Published: November 2024

Chronic hemorrhagic anemia (CHA) and anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) are difficult to differentiate in small animals using hematology. Advanced hematological parameters (RET-He, Delta-He and %Hypo-He) are used in humans to discriminate between types of non-regenerative anemia. Whether they could be useful in the diagnosis of CHA and ACI in small animals is unknown. We evaluated these parameters in the Sysmex XN-1000V analyzer in a population of non-anemic and anemic dogs and cats. Delta-He was significantly different between dogs with CHA and ACI. Moreover, Delta-He and RET-He were different between healthy and non-anemic dogs with inflammation. Neither of these two statements was true for cats. We also report the reference ranges for these parameters using the Sysmex XN-1000V. Although additional clinical and laboratory information should always be considered, the measurement of these parameters using this analyzer can help clinicians to classify type of anemia.
Natural History and Risk Factors of Hymenoptera Venom Allergy in Dogs
Authors: Chapman Edwin , West Erin Ashley , Kosnik Mitja , Fischer Nina Maria , Favrot Claude , Beeler Leo , Rostaher Ana
Published: November 2024

Hymenoptera, which includes honeybees, wasps, bumblebees, and hornets, is an order of the class Insecta, whose venom can induce anaphylactic reactions in dogs. While several studies have investigated the natural histories and risk factors of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) in humans, only limited information is available on canine patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify risk factors leading to severe systemic reactions (SSRs) and to explore the natural history of these patients. This was achieved with an inquiry into the case histories of 178 dogs that were stung by Hymenoptera and presented to the Vetsuisse Faculty Animal Hospital of the University of Zurich between 2018 and 2022. Dogs under two years old, dogs that weighed under 10 kg, purebred dogs, and dogs that were stung in the oral cavity were at a greater risk of developing SSRs. Almost two thirds of patients with SSRs experienced the same or worse symptoms after subsequent stings and >40% of patients with local reactions developed SSRs when stung again. Next to providing valuable clinical information about HVA in dogs, these findings strongly support the recommendation of venom immunotherapy (VIT) for patients with HVA.
A New Species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus Group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Surat Thani Province, Thailand Underscores This Group’s Remarkable Diversity on the Thai-Malay Peninsula
Authors: Termprayoon Korkhwan , Rujirawan Attapol , Grismer Larry Lee , Aowphol Anchalee
Published: November 2024

An integrative taxonomic study recognized a new species of the Cyrtodactylus pulchellus group from Kanchanadit District, Surat Thani Province, Southern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial ND2 gene revealed a new species, Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov., that is closely related to C. lekaguli. The new species differs from its sister lineage by bearing mean genetic divergence of 4.53% and significant differences in both mensural and morphometric characters (p < 0.05). Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov. can be differentiated from the remaining members of the C. pulchellus species group because of its genetic divergence of ≥7.99% and a combination of differences in body size: 11–15 supralabial and 10–12 infralabial scales, 29–35 paravertebral tubercles, 18–23 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles, 32–37 rows of ventral scales, 20–23 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe, 32–37 femoroprecloacal pores in adult males, and four or five dark body bands; weak tuberculation on body; absence of tubercles in the ventral body fold, absence of precloacal pores in females, and absence of scattered pattern of white tubercles on dorsum; presence of precloacal groove depression; and maculated white caudal bands. Cyrtodactylus kanchanaditsp. nov. is currently known from its type locality.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Is Accompanied by Increased Activities of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Carbonyl Reductase 1 and Levels of miR-200b-3p in Mouse Models
Authors: Svobodová Gabriela , Šadibolová Michaela , Velecká Eva , Mráziková Lucia , Vaculová Petra , Matoušková Petra , Kuneš Jaroslav , Maletínská Lenka , Boušová Iva
Published: November 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), one of the leading causes of chronic liver disorders, is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. MASLD causes alterations in the antioxidant defense system, lipid, and drug metabolism, resulting in impaired antioxidant status, hepatic metabolic processes, and clearance of therapeutic drugs, respectively. In the MASLD pathogenesis, dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., histone modifications, DNA methylation, microRNAs) play a substantial role. In this study, the development of MASLD was investigated in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose, and high-cholesterol (FFC) diet from 2 months of age, mice treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate (MSG) on a standard diet (STD), and mice treated with MSG on an FFC diet at 7 months of age and compared to control mice (C) on STD. Changes in liver histology, detoxification enzymes, epigenetic regulation, and genes involved in lipid metabolism were characterized and compared. The strong liver steatosis was observed in MSG STD, C FFC, and MSG FFC, with significant fibrosis in the latter one. Moreover, substantial alterations in hepatic lipid metabolism, epigenetic regulatory factors, and expressions and activities of various detoxification enzymes (namely superoxide dismutase, catalase, and carbonyl reductase 1) were observed in MASLD mice compared to control mice. miR-200b-3p, highly significantly upregulated in both FFC groups, could be considered as a potential diagnostic marker of MASLD. The MSG mice fed FFC seem to be a suitable model of MASLD characterized by both liver steatosis and fibrosis and substantial metabolic dysregulation.
Toxic AGEs (TAGE) Cause Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Authors: Takeuchi Masayoshi
Published: November 2024

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) play a role in the onset/progression of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRD), suggesting that the suppression of AGE-induced effects can be exploited to prevent and treat LSRD. However, AGEs have a variety of structures with different biological effects. Glyceraldehyde (GA) is an intermediate of glucose, and fructose metabolism and GA-derived AGEs (GA-AGEs) have been associated with LSRD, leading to the concept of toxic AGEs (TAGE). Elevated blood TAGE levels have been implicated in the onset/progression of LSRD; therefore, the measurement of TAGE levels may enable disease prediction at an early stage. Moreover, recent studies have revealed the structures and degradation pathways of TAGE. Herein, we provide an overview of the research on TAGE. The TAGE theory provides novel insights into LSRD and is expected to elucidate new targets for many diseases.
Diversity and Chemical Characterization of Apple (Malus sp.) Pollen: High Antioxidant and Nutritional Values for Both Humans and Insects
Authors: Fotirić Akšić Milica M. , Pešić Mirjana B. , Pećinar Ilinka , Dramićanin Aleksandra , Milinčić Danijel D. , Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Gašić Uroš , Jakanovski Mihajlo , Kitanović Marko , Meland Mekjell
Published: November 2024

Pollen represents a reward for pollinators and is a key element in plant–insect interactions, especially in apples, which are entomophilous species and require cross-pollination to produce economically valuable yields. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical content of the pollen in 11 apple cultivars (‘Red Aroma’, ‘Discovery’, ‘Summerred’, ‘Rubinstep’, ‘Elstar’, ‘Dolgo’, ‘Professor Sprenger’, ‘Asfari’, ‘Eden’, ‘Fryd’ and ‘Katja’) grown in Norway and try to establish a relationship between them and insect attractiveness. In the applied chemical analysis, 7 sugars and sugar alcohols, 4 organic acids, 65 phenolic compounds, 18 hydroxycinnamic acid amides (phenylamides), a large number of polypeptides with a molecular weight of 300 kDa to <6.5 kDa, lipids, carotenoids, starch, pectin and cellulose were determined. The crab apples ‘Dolgo’ and ‘Professor Sprenger’, which are used as pollenizers in commercial orchards, had the highest level of sucrose, total polyphenol content (prevent oxidative damages in insects), antioxidant capacity, hydroxybenzoic acids and derivatives, quercetin and derivatives, dihyrochalcone, epicatechin, putrescine derivates, and proteins with molecular weight 66–95 kDa and >95 kDa, which made them interesting for insect pollenizers. Only the pollen of the crab apples contained quercetin-3-O-(2″-O-malonyl)-hexoside, which can be used as a marker for the apple species Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. Apple floral pollen is a rich source of bioactive components and can be used to prevent and/or cure diseases or can be included in diets as a “superfood”.
Oxidative Stress in Poultry and the Therapeutic Role of Herbal Medicine in Intestinal Health
Authors: Li Yuan , Wang Kai , Li Chunmei
Published: November 2024

The intensive broiler farming model has accelerated the development of the poultry farming industry. However, it has also inevitably brought about many stressors that lead to oxidative stress in the organism. The intestine is the leading site of nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as a secretory and immune organ. Oxidative stress in animal production can harm the intestine, potentially leading to significant losses for the farming industry. Under conditions of oxidative stress, many free radicals are produced in the animal’s body, attacking the intestinal mucosal tissues and destroying the barrier integrity of the intestinal tract, leading to disease. Recently, herbs have been shown to have a favorable safety profile and promising application in improving intestinal oxidative stress in poultry. Therefore, future in-depth studies on the specific mechanisms of herbs and their extracts for treating intestinal oxidative stress can provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of herbs and new therapeutic options for intestinal oxidative stress injury during poultry farming. This review focuses on the causes and hazards of oxidative stress in the intestinal tract of poultry, and on herbs and their extracts with therapeutic potential, to provide a reference for developing and applying new antioxidants.
Cecal Microbial Diversity and Metabolome Reveal a Reduction in Growth Due to Oxidative Stress Caused by a Low-Energy Diet in Donkeys
Authors: Li Li , Guo Xiaoyu , Zhao Yanli , Guo Yongmei , Shi Binlin , Zhou Yan , Zhang Yongwei , Yan Sumei
Published: November 2024

Dietary energy level plays an important role in animal growth and development. The present study investigated the effect of dietary energy on the growth performance, antioxidative state, and nutrient digestion of meat donkeys. It simultaneously explored the probable reason for cecal microbiota and metabolome. Twelve meat donkeys (male) aged 1 year with a similar weight (150 ± 25 kg) were divided into two treatment groups: low-energy group (E1) and high-energy group (E2). The experiment was divided into a 10-day pre-trial period and a 135-day trial period. Donkeys in the trial periods were fed diets with digestible energy values (in dry matter) of 12.08 and 13.38 MJ/kg (pre-fattening, 1–45 d), 13.01 and 14.27 MJ/kg (mid-fattening, 46–90 d), and 13.54 and 14.93 MJ/kg (late-fattening, 91–135 d). The results show that E1 decreases body weight, average daily gain (ADG), and the digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber (p < 0.05), but increases cecal acetate and butyrate concentrations, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in serum, and the ratio of dry matter intake to ADG(F/G). E1 diminished the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while it increased the content of interleukin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.05). Cecal microbiome showed that the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria in E1 was significantly lower than in E2 (p = 0.029, p = 0.002), whereas Bacteroidetes was higher (p = 0.005). E1 increased the genera Ruminococcaceae-UCG-004, Acinetobacter, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. Meanwhile, cecal metabolome showed that formyl-5-hydroxykynurenamine, chorismate, 3-sulfinoalanine, and 3-isopropylmalate were upregulated in E1, while brassinolide was downregulated. The altered metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism and metabolism to mitigate oxidative stress in the meat donkeys, such as tryptophan metabolism, brassinosteroid biosynthesis metabolism, etc. In conclusion, low-energy diets resulted in a negative energy balance in meat donkeys, resulting in more nutrients being oxidized to provide energy, inducing oxidative stress, and thereby leading to decreasing growth. The reduction in meat donkey growth from low-energy diets was related to changes in cecum microbiota and metabolites.
Towards the Development of Novel, Point-of-Care Assays for Monitoring Different Forms of Antioxidant Activity: The RoXstaTM System
Authors: Aitken Robert J. , Wilkins Alexandra , Harrison Natasha , Kobarfard Kimia , Lambourne Sarah
Published: November 2024

(1) Background: This study set out to develop a series of simple, novel, rapid methods for assessing different forms of antioxidant activity. (2) Methods: An ABTS platform was used to engineer: (i) an electrochemical post-activation assay to assess free radical scavenging activity; (ii) an electrochemical pre-activation strategy to assesses the suppression of free radical formation; (iii) a horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation system to monitor hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and (iv) a cumene peroxide-hematin system to determine the ability of samples to scavenge the mixture of organic peroxides and peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals generated in the presence of these reagents. Each assay was assessed against a panel of candidate antioxidant compounds to determine their relative activities and specificities. In addition, human semen samples were analyzed to determine how the results of these antioxidant assays correlated with semen quality. (3) Results: All 4 assays revealed dose-dependent antioxidant activity on the part of vitamin C, N-acetyl cysteine, hypotaurine, BSA, melatonin, glutathione, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate. The other compounds tested either completely lacked antioxidant activity or were only active in one of the assays. Using unfractionated human semen as an exemplar of biological fluids rich in antioxidants, the outputs from the individual assays were found to reflect different aspects of semen quality. When the data from all 4 assays were combined, accurate predictions were generated reflecting the importance of oxidative stress in defining semen quality as reflected by sperm count, seminal lipid aldehyde content, sperm DNA damage and free radical generation by the sperm mitochondria. (4) Conclusions: The methodologies described in this paper constitute the basis for rapid, point-of-care assessments of oxidative stress.
Using IoT for Cistern and Water Tank Level Monitoring
Authors: Wister Miguel A. , Leon Ernesto , Alejandro-Carrillo Alejandro , Pancardo Pablo , Hernandez-Nolasco Jose A.
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes an experimental design to publish online the measurements obtained from four sensors: one sensor inside a cistern measures the level of drinking water, another sensor in a water tank monitors its level, a third sensor measures water flow or pressure from the pipes, and a fourth sensor assesses water quality. Several tank filling and emptying tests were performed. Experimental results demonstrated that if the cistern perceived that there was no water in the tank, it turned on the water pump to fill the tank to 100% of its storage capacity; while this was happening, the water level in the cistern and tank, the flow of water from the piped water, and the quality of the water could be visualized on a dashboard. In short, this proposal monitors water levels and flows through the Internet of Things. Data collected by sensors are posted online and stored in a database.
Remote Sensing Techniques for Assessing Snow Avalanche Formation Factors and Building Hazard Monitoring Systems
Authors: Denissova Natalya , Nurakynov Serik , Petrova Olga , Chepashev Daniker , Daumova Gulzhan , Yelisseyeva Alena
Published: November 2024

Snow avalanches, one of the most severe natural hazards in mountainous regions, pose significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, and ecosystems. As climate change accelerates shifts in snowfall and temperature patterns, it is increasingly important to improve our ability to monitor and predict avalanches. This review explores the use of remote sensing technologies in understanding key geomorphological, geobotanical, and meteorological factors that contribute to avalanche formation. The primary objective is to assess how remote sensing can enhance avalanche risk assessment and monitoring systems. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on studies published between 2010 and 2025. The analysis involved screening relevant studies on remote sensing, avalanche dynamics, and data processing techniques. Key data sources included satellite platforms such as Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, TerraSAR-X, and Landsat-8, combined with machine learning, data fusion, and change detection algorithms to process and interpret the data. The review found that remote sensing significantly improves avalanche monitoring by providing continuous, large-scale coverage of snowpack stability and terrain features. Optical and radar imagery enable the detection of crucial parameters like snow cover, slope, and vegetation that influence avalanche risks. However, challenges such as limitations in spatial and temporal resolution and real-time monitoring were identified. Emerging technologies, including microsatellites and hyperspectral imaging, offer potential solutions to these issues. The practical implications of these findings underscore the importance of integrating remote sensing data with ground-based observations for more robust avalanche forecasting. Enhanced real-time monitoring and data fusion techniques will improve disaster management, allowing for quicker response times and more effective policymaking to mitigate risks in avalanche-prone regions.
Water CO2 Emission Monitoring in a Romanian Peri-Urban Wetland to Enhance GHG Reporting
Authors: Deák György , Enache Natalia , Laslo Lucian , Matei Monica , Boboc Madalina Georgiana , Covaliu Mierla Cristina Ileana
Published: November 2024

This study emphasises the complexity of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission dynamics by conducting a wetland case study along the Dambovita River. Our evaluation highlights the importance of considering spatial variability, meteorological parameters and water quality parameters. The variations in CO2 emissions have been monitored using two complementary methods: a closed static chamber and a closed dynamic chamber. The closed dynamic chamber method has the highest level of confidence. The statistical results of correlations facilitated the validation of the closed static chamber method and its independent use in wetland ecosystems. Also, our findings revealed distinct patterns in emissions across locations that are influenced by parameters such as pH, redox potential (ORP), chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), and temperature for the water–atmosphere interface. These results contribute to the understanding of the carbon cycle in wetlands and contribute to the improvement of greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting by obtaining data with a high level of confidence, regarding the role of wetland ecosystems in the carbon cycle.
Safety and Effectiveness of Triple-Antenna Hepatic Microwave Ablation
Authors: Bošković Nikola , Nikolić Srdjan , Radjenović Branislav , Radmilović-Radjenović Marija
Published: November 2024

Microwave ablation is becoming a standard procedure for treating tumors based on heat generation, causing an elevation in the tissue temperature level from 50 to 60 °C, causing tissue death. Microwave ablation is associated with uniform cell killing within ablation zones, multiple-antenna capability, low complication rates, and long-term survival. Several reports have demonstrated that multiple-antenna microwave ablation is a promising strategy for safely, rapidly, and effectively treating large tumors. The key advantage of multi-antenna tumor microwave ablation is the creation of a large, well-defined ablation zone without excessively long treatment times or high power that can damage healthy tissue. The strategic positioning of multiple probes provides a fully ablated volume, even in regions where individual probe damage is incomplete. Accurate modeling of the complex thermal and electromagnetic behaviors of tissue is critical for optimizing microwave ablation because material parameters and tissue responses can change significantly during the procedure. In the case of multi-antenna microwave ablation, the calculation complexity increases significantly, requiring significant computational resources and time. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of liver percutaneous microwave ablation using the simultaneous activation of three antennas for the treatment of lesions larger than 3 cm. Based on the known results from a single-probe setup, researchers can estimate and evaluate various spatial configurations of the three-probe array to identify the optimal arrangement. Due to the synergistic effects of the combined radiation from the three antennas, the resulting ablation zone can be significantly larger, leading to better outcomes in terms of treatment time and effectiveness. The obtained results revealed that volumetric damage and the amount of damaged healthy tissue are smaller for a three-antenna configuration than for microwave ablation using a single-antenna and two-antenna configurations.
Revolutionizing Cytology and Cytopathology with Natural Language Processing and Chatbot Technologies: A Narrative Review on Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors: Lastrucci Andrea , Giarnieri Enrico , Carico Elisabetta , Giansanti Daniele
Published: November 2024

The application of chatbots and Natural Language Processing (NLP) in cytology and cytopathology is an emerging field, which is currently characterized by a limited but growing body of research. Here, a narrative review has been proposed utilizing a standardized checklist and quality control procedure for including scientific papers. This narrative review explores the early developments and potential future impact of these technologies in medical diagnostics. The current literature, comprising 11 studies (after excluding comments, letters, and editorials) suggests that chatbots and NLP offer significant opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline clinical workflows, and improve patient engagement. By automating the extraction and classification of medical information, these technologies can reduce human error and increase precision. They also promise to make patient information more accessible and facilitate complex decision-making processes, thereby fostering greater patient involvement in healthcare. Despite these promising prospects, several challenges need to be addressed for the full potential of these technologies to be realized. These include the need for data standardization, mitigation of biases in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, and comprehensive clinical validation. Furthermore, ethical, privacy, and legal considerations must be navigated carefully to ensure responsible AI deployment. Compared to the more established fields of histology, histopathology, and especially radiology, the integration of digital tools in cytology and cytopathology is still in its infancy. Building on the advancements in related fields, especially radiology’s experience with digital integration, where these technologies already offer promising solutions in mentoring, second opinions, and education, we can leverage this knowledge to further develop chatbots and natural language processing in cytology and cytopathology. Overall, this review underscores the transformative potential of these technologies while outlining the critical areas for future research and development.
Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Implications of Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Vastag Zsolt , Tudorache Emanuela , Traila Daniel , Fira-Mladinescu Ovidiu , Marc Monica Steluta , Oancea Cristian , Rosca Elena Cecilia
Published: November 2024

Patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) associate a large variety of comorbidities that have a significant impact on their clinical outcomes and survival. Among these comorbidities is neurological impairment. This review highlights what is known about the cognitive function, central nervous system (CNS), depression, and anxiety in patients with specific forms of fibrosing ILDs, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, connective tissue diseases, etc. The most common pathogenic mechanisms for neurocognitive dysfunction as well as the screening methods and tools for their identification are also described in this review.
Safety and Tolerability of a Shorter Agalsidase Beta Infusion Time in Patients with Classic or Later-Onset Fabry Disease
Authors: Germain Dominique P. , Porto Vasconcelos Alice , Tran Thi Phuong Lien , Bedreddine Najya , Turcan Mihaela , Trang Wenting , Barache Lynda
Published: November 2024

Background: The multisystem manifestations of Fabry disease can create major challenges in patient care. Although enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant agalsidase beta has demonstrated clinical benefits, the standard fortnightly, multi-hour infusion regimen imposes a substantial burden on patients. Methods: We assessed the safety and feasibility of shortening the agalsidase beta infusion time to 90 min in adult patients with classic or later-onset Fabry disease in the absence of premedication. A total of 39 consecutive adult patients (agalsidase-naïve: n = 7; with significant comorbidities: n = 15) with no recent infusion-associated reactions underwent a total of 85 agalsidase beta infusions in our tertiary reference centre for lysosomal diseases. Each infusion was administered at a constant rate (between 0.78 and 1.17 mg/min, depending on the total dose administered). Results: No adverse events of any type (including discomfort and infusion-associated reactions) were reported during or after infusions. The patients’ vital signs and physical examination remained stable, and patients’ satisfaction was high. Conclusions: Our results suggest that shortening the agalsidase beta infusion time to 90 min is safe and feasible in stably treated adult patients with Fabry disease and no recent infusion-associated reactions.
Sodium Chloride Cotransporter in Hypertension
Authors: Castagna Annalisa , Mango Gabriele , Martinelli Nicola , Marzano Luigi , Moruzzi Sara , Friso Simonetta , Pizzolo Francesca
Published: November 2024

The sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) is essential for electrolyte balance, blood pressure regulation, and pathophysiology of hypertension as it mediates the reabsorption of ultrafiltered sodium in the renal distal convoluted tubule. Given its pivotal role in the maintenance of extracellular fluid volume, the NCC is regulated by a complex network of cellular pathways, which eventually results in either its phosphorylation, enhancing sodium and chloride ion absorption from urines, or dephosphorylation and ubiquitination, which conversely decrease NCC activity. Several factors could influence NCC function, including genetic alterations, hormonal stimuli, and pharmacological treatments. The NCC’s central role is also highlighted by several abnormalities resulting from genetic mutations in its gene and consequently in its structure, leading to dysregulation of blood pressure control. In the last decade, among other improvements, the acquisition of knowledge on the NCC and other renal ion channels has been favored by studies on extracellular vesicles (EVs). Dietary sodium and potassium intake are also implicated in the tuning of NCC activity. In this narrative review, we present the main cornerstones and recent evidence related to NCC control, focusing on the context of blood pressure pathophysiology, and promising new therapeutical approaches.
β-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Au@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Plasmonic Sensors for Cysteamine and Efficient Nanocatalysts for Nitrobenzene-to-Aniline Conversion
Authors: Rajamanikandan Ramar , Sasikumar Kandasamy , Ju Heongkyu
Published: November 2024

We reported the gold/silver core-shell nanoparticles (Aucore@Agshell NPs) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as versatile nano-agents demonstrated for human urine-based biosensing of cysteamine and catalytic conversion from nitrobenzene (NB) to aniline. First, the hybrid bimetallic nanoparticles, i.e., β-CD-Aucore@Agshell NPs, constituted a colorimetric sensing platform based on localized surface plasmons, enabling cysteamine (Cyst) to be detected in a remarkably rapid manner, i.e., within 2 min, which was greatly shortened in comparison with that of our previous report. This was due largely to use of β-CD being effectively replaceable by Cyst. The detection of Cyst was demonstrated using human urine specimens in the linear range of 25–750 nM with a limit of detection of 1.83 nM. Excellent specificity in detecting Cyst was also demonstrated against potential interfering molecules. Meanwhile, the β-CD-Aucore@Agshell NPs were demonstrated as nanocatalysts for converting NB to aniline with efficiency enhanced by more than three-fold over the pure gold nanoparticles previously reported, due to the dual functions of the structural core-shell. The demonstrated versatile features of the hybrid nanoparticles can find applications in human urine-based biosensors for Cyst detection, and in the screening of Cyst-containing drugs, while detoxicating NB for ecological protection in aqueous media.
Rapid Microfluidic Biosensor for Point-of-Care Determination of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody Detection
Authors: Tai Wei-Yu , Chen To-Lin , Wang Hsing-Meng , Fu Lung-Ming
Published: November 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes extensive damage to multiple organs and tissues and has no known cure. This study introduces a microfluidic detection platform that combines a microfluidic reaction chip with a micro-spectrometer to accurately detect the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (anti-CCP Ab) biomarker, commonly associated with arthritis. The surface of the microfluidic reaction chip is functionalized using streptavidin to enable the subsequent immobilization of biotinylated-labeled cyclic citrullinated peptide (biotin–CCP) molecules through a streptavidin–biotin reaction. The modified chip is then exposed to anti-CCP Ab, second antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (2nd Ab-HRP), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and a stop solution. Finally, the concentration of the anti-CCP Ab biomarker is determined by analyzing the optical density (OD) of the colorimetric reaction product at 450 nm using a micro-spectrometer. The detection platform demonstrated a strong correlation (R2 = 0.9966) between OD and anti-CCP Ab concentration. This was based on seven control samples with anti-CCP Ab concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 100 ng/mL. Moreover, for 30 artificial serum samples with unknown anti-CCP Ab concentrations, the biosensor achieves a correlation coefficient of (R2 = 0.9650). The proposed microfluidic detection platform offers a fast and effective method for accurately identifying and quantifying the anti-CCP Ab biomarker. Thus, it offers a valuable tool for the early diagnosis and monitoring of RA and its progression in point-of-care settings.
Cyber Dating Violence: How Is It Perceived in Early Adolescence?
Authors: Redondo Iratxe , Ozamiz-Etxebarria Naiara , Jaureguizar Joana , Dosil-Santamaria Maria
Published: November 2024

Background: Reports on cyber dating violence in adolescent populations vary significantly depending on whether the focus is on directly aggressive behaviours or behaviours designed to control one’s partner. In contrast to direct aggression, which is often clearly identified by adolescents, there is a greater degree of ignorance, and even a certain degree of normalisation, of controlling behaviours. Such behaviours may include, for example, insisting on knowing the whereabouts of a partner at all times or sharing social media passwords. This study aims to explore adolescent perceptions of cyber dating violence and to identify the differential characteristics of cyber-violent relationships using the Iramuteq software program for text analysis. Methods: Participants were 466 second- and third-year secondary school students. Data were collected through surveys, and responses were analysed using the Iramuteq program. This software tool enabled the identification of common terms and themes linked to cyber dating violence, as perceived by participating adolescents. Results: The analyses revealed the repeated appearance of terms associated with violent behaviours, online media, toxic relationships, and victim coercion. However, there was a notable lack of recognition of controlling behaviours as a manifestation of cyber dating violence. Adolescents frequently normalised behaviours such as insisting on knowing a partner’s whereabouts at all times or sharing social media passwords. Conclusions: The findings suggest a significant gap in adolescents’ understanding of what constitutes cyber dating violence. In contrast to direct aggression, which is easily identified, controlling behaviours are often normalised, indicating a need for educational and preventive measures to address this issue. By improving adolescents’ understanding of controlling behaviours as a form of cyber dating violence, preventive efforts can be more effectively tailored to address and mitigate this problem. To prevent the normalisation of certain behaviours indicative of cyber dating violence, early education is recommended in areas such as healthy relationships, communication skills, respect for privacy, and recognition of signs of excessive control.
How “Light” Is “Light Smoking”? On the Cognitive Power of Nicotine Dependence
Authors: Enrico Paolo , Zorzi Federico , Fanari Rachele , Uccula Arcangelo Francesco , Mercante Beniamina
Published: November 2024

In recent years, habits related to smoking have been changing. An increasing portion of light/occasional smokers tend to define themselves as non-smokers, leading to an incorrect perception of the risks that smoking even a few cigarettes can entail. In this study, we investigated the nicotine-induced cognitive distortion in young, higher-education students with low/moderate dependence (as indexed by the Fagerstrom questionnaire). The study involved 111 participants (62 female; mean age 24.43 ± 3.77) divided into smokers and non-smokers, who responded to specific questionnaires to evaluate their attachment style, emotion dysregulation, and state anxiety. Their response to smoking-related cues following emotional stimulation was experimentally evaluated, with participants being made to choose between care- or smoking-related images, following the presentation of threatening or neutral stimuli. The results show a cognitive bias in smokers, with participants choosing smoking-related stimuli significantly more often than non-smokers, with a slower reaction time, regardless of emotional cues. Emotion dysregulation and attachment style were also significantly correlated with response choice but not with response latency. Overall, our data indicate that there is no such thing as light use of nicotine and that smoking, even if not continuous, determines cognitive biases that lead to a vision of the environment as a function of substance seeking.