bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Los saberes ancestrales en el desarrollo local. Las larvas de Rhynchophorus palmarum l. Como recurso alimentario de los pueblos amazónicos
Authors: Sancho Aguilera David , Fernández-Sánchez Lineth del Roció , Alvarez Gil Manuel de Jesús , Sarabia Guevara Danilo Pedro , Pico Poma Josselyn Paulina
Published: July 2023

Se exponen las cualidades nutritivas de larvas de Rhynchophorus almarum como alimento para pueblos amazónicos, la factibilidad de criarlas en cautiverio para comercio y los precios en el mercado local para ser considerado un nuevo emprendimiento productivo. Las larvas de Rhynchophorus palmarum poseen calidad nutricional. El elevado precio y la demanda por turistas y pobladores, garantizarán producciones comercializables y rentables. Conocer el uso de los recursos de la selva por los pueblos amazónicos será una guía para el emprendimiento de nuevas actividades productivas, en este caso la cría, la comercialización y el consumo de las larvas de Rhynchophorus palmarum en la provincia de Pastaza del Ecuador.
Sinais de mudança na moda: uma pesquisa sobre as principais tendências, desafios e oportunidades para o setor nacional
Authors: Oliveira Nathalia Coelho , Fernandes Ana Carolina Machado
Published: July 2023

No presente artigo, se propõe a apresentar as análises e insights obtidos no mapeamento das tendências emergentes para o setor de Moda nacional. O objetivo deste estudo é apontar as principais tendências no âmbito empresarial que já estão impactando o setor de vestuário, e prometem se consolidar nos próximos anos, antecipando temas importantes para os negócios e profissionais que desejam se manter relevantes no mercado. Identificamos e destacamos exemplos de empresas nacionais e internacionais que protagonizam essa mudança, propondo ações e estratégias inovadoras. Por meio das análises dos dados secundários e informações coletadas a partir de entrevistas com especialistas no setor, foi possível identificar movimentos, inovações tecnológicas, novas demandas de consumo entre outras questões fundamentais para os negócios e para competitividade do setor.
A dimensão estética da moda: aparência, arte e sensibilidade
Authors: Cidreira Renata Pitombo , Pires Beatriz Ferreira
Published: July 2023

Entrevista realizada pelos editores da Revista de Ensino em Artes, Moda e Design.
Entrevista concedida no dia 27/03/2023 remotamente.
La « féminisation » du VIH en Papouasie–Nouvelle-Guinée
Authors: Wardlow Holly
Published: July 2023

L’expression « féminisation du sida » est communément utilisée pour évoquer la plus grande vulnérabilité des femmes au VIH et la manière disproportionnée dont elles en sont infectées. Cette expression sert en quelque sorte de raccourci pour désigner le fait que le sexe féminin et le genre féminin interagissent pour rendre les jeunes filles et les femmes particulièrement vulnérables à l’infection. Dans cet article, j’émets l’idée qu’une focalisation sur la vulnérabilité à l’infection est excessivement réductrice et qu’en fait, le sida peut être considéré comme étant « féminisé » — ou comme ayant des conséquences et des implications particulières pour les femmes — de multiples manières. J’examine trois études de cas concernant le VIH provenant de mon travail de terrain en Papouasie–Nouvelle-Guinée : la première porte sur la vulnérabilité des femmes dans le contexte de l’extraction des ressources minières ; la deuxième concerne un atelier de sensibilisation au sida au cours duquel les hommes et les femmes en sont presque venus aux coups ; et la troisième démontre l’isolement social et la dévalorisation morale accrus des femmes lorsqu’elles reçoivent un diagnostic de séropositivité. À travers l’analyse de ces trois cas, je suggère que le genre, en tant que concept analytique, doit être considéré comme l’une des dimensions des épidémies à tous leurs stades — de la vulnérabilité à l’intervention, jusqu’au traitement et aux soins.
Quelle contribution des avocats à la justice sociale ?
Authors: Bastard Benoit
Published: July 2023

S’il ne fait pas de doute que les avocats contribuent à l’accès à la justice,
contribuent-ils également à la justice sociale ? La profession d’avocat a connu des
changements considérables dans les dernières décennies, mais les clivages qui la traversent
sont restés intacts. La lutte contre les discriminations revient pour l’essentiel aux
avocats judiciaires, qui représentent, au civil et au pénal les justiciables démunis ou en
difficulté. D’autres segments du barreau se trouvent peu concernés par l’action en justice
et concentrent davantage de ressources. Pourtant, la profession présente un front uni et
maintient sa position malgré ces clivages, ce qui donne tout son intérêt à l’étude de ses
instances dirigeantes. En prenant appui sur une recherche portant sur le rôle que joue
l’Ordre des avocats, notamment en matière de discipline et dans le développement du
numérique, cette conférence questionne l’impact des transformations récentes sur la vie
judiciaire et la manière dont les avocats participent à l’exercice de la
justice.
Le possible chez Vidal de la Blache
Authors: Berdoulay Vincent
Published: July 2023

Vidal de la Blache s’est beaucoup interrogé sur ce qu’il était possible de faire vis-à-vis de la réalité qu’il étudiait. C’est à la lumière de ce souci pour l’action que nous explorons la complémentarité de sa pensée géographique et de sa pensée aménagiste. Plusieurs questions sont abordées dans cet article. Nous rappelons d’abord le contexte de la formation de ses orientations pour aborder la question du possible afin de pouvoir ensuite évaluer ce qu’il pouvait partager avec des développements philosophiques du tournant du siècle, principalement le bergsonisme. Puis nous examinons les questions de temporalité, de genre (de vie) et de méthode, de façon à voir la place qu’il accordait à la contingence, à l’indétermination, à l’incertitude, à la créativité. De plus, nous notons et discutons ses convergences avec la pensée de Bergson en matière d’évolution créatrice.
FUS regulates RAN translation through modulating the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA in C9orf72-linked ALS/FTD
Authors: Fujino Yuzo , Ueyama Morio , Ishiguro Taro , Ozawa Daisaku , Ito Hayato , Sugiki Toshihiko , Murata Asako , Ishiguro Akira , Gendron Tania , Mori Kohji , Tokuda Eiichi , Taminato Tomoya , Konno Takuya , Koyama Akihide , Kawabe Yuya , Takeuchi Toshihide , Furukawa Yoshiaki , Fujiwara Toshimichi , Ikeda Manabu , Mizuno Toshiki , Mochizuki Hideki , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Wada Keiji , Ishikawa Kinya , Onodera Osamu , Nakatani Kazuhiko , Petrucelli Leonard , Taguchi Hideki , Nagai Yoshitaka
Published: July 2023

Abnormal expansions of GGGGCC repeat sequence in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene is the most common cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9-ALS/FTD). The expanded repeat sequence is translated into dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) by noncanonical repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. Since DPRs play central roles in the pathogenesis of C9-ALS/FTD, we here investigate the regulatory mechanisms of RAN translation, focusing on the effects of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) targeting GGGGCC repeat RNAs. Using C9-ALS/FTD model flies, we demonstrated that the ALS/FTD-linked RBP FUS suppresses RAN translation and neurodegeneration in an RNA-binding activity-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that FUS directly binds to and modulates the G-quadruplex structure of GGGGCC repeat RNA as an RNA chaperone, resulting in the suppression of RAN translation in vitro. These results reveal a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of RAN translation by G-quadruplex-targeting RBPs, providing therapeutic insights for C9-ALS/FTD and other repeat expansion diseases.
Evidence for a role of human blood-borne factors in mediating age-associated changes in molecular circadian rhythms
Authors: Schwarz Jessica E , Mrčela Antonijo , Lahens Nicholas F , Li Yongjun , Hsu Cynthia , Grant Gregory R , Skarke Carsten , Zhang Shirley L , Sehgal Amita
Published: July 2023

Aging is associated with a number of physiologic changes including perturbed circadian rhythms; however, mechanisms by which rhythms are altered remain unknown. To test the idea that circulating factors mediate age-dependent changes in peripheral rhythms, we compared the ability of human serum from young and old individuals to synchronize circadian rhythms in culture. We collected blood from apparently healthy young (age 25–30) and old (age 70–76) individuals at 14:00 and used the serum to synchronize cultured fibroblasts. We found that young and old sera are equally competent at initiating robust ~24 hr oscillations of a luciferase reporter driven by clock gene promoter. However, cyclic gene expression is affected, such that young and old sera promote cycling of different sets of genes. Genes that lose rhythmicity with old serum entrainment are associated with oxidative phosphorylation and Alzheimer’s Disease as identified by STRING and IPA analyses. Conversely, the expression of cycling genes associated with cholesterol biosynthesis increased in the cells entrained with old serum. Genes involved in the cell cycle and transcription/translation remain rhythmic in both conditions. We did not observe a global difference in the distribution of phase between groups, but found that peak expression of several clock-controlled genes (PER3, NR1D1, NR1D2, CRY1, CRY2, and TEF) lagged in the cells synchronized ex vivo with old serum. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that age-dependent blood-borne factors affect circadian rhythms in peripheral cells and have the potential to impact health and disease via maintaining or disrupting rhythms respectively.
Predicting ventricular tachycardia circuits in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy using genotype-specific heart digital twins
Authors: Zhang Yingnan , Zhang Kelly , Prakosa Adityo , James Cynthia , Zimmerman Stefan L , Carrick Richard , Sung Eric , Gasperetti Alessio , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Calkins Hugh , Trayanova Natalia A
Published: July 2023

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a genetic cardiac disease that leads to ventricular tachycardia (VT), a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder. Treating ARVC remains challenging due to the complex underlying arrhythmogenic mechanisms, which involve structural and electrophysiological (EP) remodeling. Here, we developed a novel genotype-specific heart digital twin (Geno-DT) approach to investigate the role of pathophysiological remodeling in sustaining VT reentrant circuits and to predict the VT circuits in ARVC patients of different genotypes. This approach integrates the patient’s disease-induced structural remodeling reconstructed from contrast-enhanced magnetic-resonance imaging and genotype-specific cellular EP properties. In our retrospective study of 16 ARVC patients with two genotypes: plakophilin-2 (PKP2, n = 8) and gene-elusive (GE, n = 8), we found that Geno-DT accurately and non-invasively predicted the VT circuit locations for both genotypes (with 100%, 94%, 96% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for GE patient group, and 86%, 90%, 89% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for PKP2 patient group), when compared to VT circuit locations identified during clinical EP studies. Moreover, our results revealed that the underlying VT mechanisms differ among ARVC genotypes. We determined that in GE patients, fibrotic remodeling is the primary contributor to VT circuits, while in PKP2 patients, slowed conduction velocity and altered restitution properties of cardiac tissue, in addition to the structural substrate, are directly responsible for the formation of VT circuits. Our novel Geno-DT approach has the potential to augment therapeutic precision in the clinical setting and lead to more personalized treatment strategies in ARVC.
Tea intake or consumption and the risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Jiang Ning , Ma Jinlong , Wang Qian , Xu Yuzhen , Wei Baojian
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Dementia affects as many as 130 million people, which presents a significant and growing medical burden globally. This meta-analysis aims to assess whether tea intake, tea consumption can reduce the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Vascular dementia (VD).

Patients and methods

Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase were searched for cohort studies from inception to November 1, 2022. The Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. We extracted the data as the relative risks (RRs) for the outcome of the interest, and conducted the meta-analysis utilizing the random effect model due to the certain heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis were performed by moving one study at a time, Subgroup-analysis was carried out according to different ages and dementia types. And the funnel plots based on Egger’s and Begger’s regression tests were used to evaluate publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata statistical software version 14.0 and R studio version 4.2.0.

Results

Seven prospective cohort studies covering 410,951 individuals, which were published from 2009 and 2022 were included in this meta-analysis. The methodological quality of these studies was relatively with five out of seven being of high quality and the remaining being of moderate. The pooling analysis shows that the relationship between tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia (RR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.57–0.88], I2 = 79.0%, p < 0.01). Further, the subgroup-analysis revealed that tea intake or consumption is associated with a reduced risk of AD (RR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.79–0.99], I2 = 52.6%, p = 0.024) and VD (RR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.66–0.85], I = 0.00%, p < 0.001). Lastly, tea intake or consumption could reduce the risk of all-cause dementia to a greater degree among populations with less physical activity, older age, APOE carriers, and smokers.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis demonstrated that tea (green tea or black tea) intake or consumption is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of dementia, AD or VD. These findings provide evidence that tea intake or consumption should be recognized as an independent protective factor against the onset of dementia, AD or VD.
Do Emotional Intelligence and Self-Efficacy Correlate with Marital Satisfaction of Married Teachers in Anambra State?
Authors: Valentina Etele, Anulika , Chinwe Ezebude, Nkechi , Blessing Mokwelu, Obianuju , Mathew Azuji, Ifeanyi
Published: July 2023

Aims: This study looked at married teachers in Anambra State to see how self-efficacy and emotional intelligence correlate with marital satisfaction. Three study questions were developed to evaluate this relationship, and three null hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The results of this study could be used to better appreciate the value of marriage as a union between a man and woman that promotes both mental and physical health through marital satisfaction.

Methodology: For this study, a correlational research design was used in order to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence, general self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction. A sample of 1,344 married teachers was selected from a population of 6,987 married teachers through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Three instruments - the emotional intelligence scale (EIS), the general self-efficacy scale (GSS), and the index of marital satisfaction (IMS)—were used to collect data. These instruments are standardised measures with reliability coefficients of 0.96 for IMS, 0.89 for EIS, and 0.87 for GSS. Data collection was done through a direct delivery approach. Aggregate scores were used to answer research questions, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to answer research questions, and regression analysis was used to answer research questions. The hypotheses were tested using the t-test of correlation. This method is used to assess the relationship between two variables, and to determine if the difference between their means is statistically significant.

Results: The study demonstrated that there is a slight yet positive relationship between the emotional intelligence, self-efficacy beliefs, and marital satisfaction of married teachers.

Conclusion: Research findings indicate that emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and marital satisfaction are positively correlated among married teachers in Anambra State. This positive correlation suggests that couples who are better able to recognise, understand, and manage their own emotions, as well as those of their partner, tend to have higher levels of marital satisfaction. Additionally, higher levels of self-efficacy, or confidence in one's ability to complete tasks or handle difficult situations, may also play a role in the overall satisfaction of the marriage.

Given these findings, it is recommended that counsellors involved in marital counselling motivate and encourage married teachers in Anambra State to take part in seminars and counselling sessions that promote the learning of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. These sessions can help couples better recognise, understand, and manage their own emotions, as well as those of their partner, and build confidence in their ability to handle difficult situations.
Accelerometer-Derived “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Khurshid Shaan , Al-Alusi Mostafa A. , Churchill Timothy W. , Guseh J. Sawalla , Ellinor Patrick T.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Guidelines recommend 150 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week for overall health benefit, but the relative effects of concentrated vs more evenly distributed activity are unclear.

Objective

To examine associations between an accelerometer-derived “weekend warrior” pattern (ie, most MVPA achieved over 1-2 days) vs MVPA spread more evenly with risk of incident cardiovascular events.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Retrospective analysis of UK Biobank cohort study participants providing a full week of accelerometer-based physical activity data between June 8, 2013, and December 30, 2015.

Exposures

Three MVPA patterns were compared: active weekend warrior (active WW, ≥150 minutes with ≥50% of total MVPA achieved in 1-2 days), active regular (≥150 minutes and not meeting active WW status), and inactive (<150 minutes). The same patterns were assessed using the sample median threshold of 230.4 minutes or more of MVPA per week.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Associations between activity pattern and incident atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for age, sex, racial and ethnic background, tobacco use, alcohol intake, Townsend Deprivation Index, employment status, self-reported health, and diet quality.

Results

A total of 89 573 individuals (mean [SD] age, 62 [7.8] years; 56% women) who underwent accelerometry were included. When stratified at the threshold of 150 minutes or more of MVPA per week, a total of 37 872 were in the active WW group (42.2%), 21 473 were in the active regular group (24.0%), and 30 228 were in the inactive group (33.7%). In multivariable-adjusted models, both activity patterns were associated with similarly lower risks of incident atrial fibrillation (active WW: hazard ratio [HR], 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74-0.83]; active regular: 0.81 [95% CI, 0.74-0.88; inactive: HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.94-1.07]), myocardial infarction (active WW: 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67-0.80]; active regular: 0.65 [95% CI, 0.57-0.74]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91-1.10]), heart failure (active WW: 0.62 [95% CI, 0.56-0.68]; active regular: 0.64 [95% CI, 0.56-0.73]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.92-1.09]), and stroke (active WW: 0.79 [95% CI, 0.71-0.88]; active regular: 0.83 [95% CI, 0.72-0.97]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]). Findings were consistent at the median threshold of 230.4 minutes or more of MVPA per week, although associations with stroke were no longer significant (active WW: 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-1.02]; active regular: 0.87 [95% CI, 0.74-1.02]; and inactive: 1.00 [95% CI, 0.90-1.11]).

Conclusions and Relevance

Physical activity concentrated within 1 to 2 days was associated with similarly lower risk of cardiovascular outcomes to more evenly distributed activity.
Double‐Interlinked Colloidal Gels for Programable Fabrication of Supraparticle Architectures
Authors: Gonçalves Leandro , Lavrador Pedro , Amaral Adérito J. R. , Ferreira Luís P. , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F.
Published: July 2023

Engineering colloidal gel inks with suitable features for fabricating robust supraparticle architectures through 3D printing may overcome the challenges of precisely controlling nanoparticles spatial distribution across multiple scales. Herein, oppositely charged proteinaceous‐polymeric nanoparticles are combined to generate multi‐component colloidal gel (COGEL) inks for fabricating supraparticle volumetric architectures. Leveraging on different nano‐functional units, double‐interlinked supraparticle assemblies are established via electrostatic interactions and on‐demand covalent photocrosslinking. The COGEL inks are readily processable through in‐air extrusion 3D printing, forming stable colloidal filaments. 3D printing yielded architecturally defined and robust supraparticle constructs that supported human stem cells attachment and cytoskeletal spreading. Owing to double interparticle interlinks the fabricated supraparticle constructs remained stable under physiological conditions and high/low shear stress, improving over the lower mechanical stability of single‐interlinked platforms. Double‐interlinked COGELs are processable via suspension 3D printing, unlocking the freeform volumetric writing of nanoparticle inks in protein‐based hydrogels volume. The dual‐interlinked COGEL technology opens new possibilities for generating user‐defined supraparticle architectures with precise volumetric distribution of nanoparticles, both in‐air and in‐hydrogel platforms. The freedom to select modular multi‐particle combinations, as well as the rapid 3D programming of COGEL inks, broadens the range of modular colloidal materials that can be fabricated for a variety of biomedical applications.
Evaluating staging laparoscopy indications for pancreatic cancer based on resectability classification and treatment strategies for patients with positive peritoneal washing cytology
Authors: Igarashi Takamichi , Fukasawa Mina , Watanabe Toru , Kimura Nana , Itoh Ayaka , Tanaka Haruyoshi , Shibuya Kazuto , Yoshioka Isaku , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Fujii Tsutomu
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in patients with positive peritoneal washing cytology (CY1) is poor. We aimed to evaluate the results of staging laparoscopy (SL) and treatment efficacy in CY1 patients based on a resectability classification.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 250 patients with PDAC who underwent SL before the initial treatment between 2017 and 2023 at the University of Toyama.

Results

The breakdown of cases by resectability classification was resectable (R):borderline resectable (BR):unresectable locally advanced (UR‐LA) = 131:48:71 cases. The frequency of CY1 increased in proportion to the degree of local progression (R:BR:UR‐LA = 20:23:34%), but the frequencies of liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination were comparable (R:BR:UR‐LA = 6.9:6.3:8.5%). Most CY1 patients received gemcitabine along with nab‐paclitaxel therapy. The CY‐negative conversion rates (R:BR:UR‐LA = 70:64:52%) and conversion surgery rates (R:BR:UR‐LA = 40:27:9%) were inversely proportional to the degree of local progression.

Comparing H0P0CY1 factors for each classification, patients with H0P0CY1 had significantly more pancreatic body or tail carcinoma and tumor size ≥32 mm in R patients, whereas in BR patients, duke pancreatic monoclonal antigen type 2 (DUPAN‐2) ≥ 230 U/mL was a significant factor. In contrast, no significant factors were observed in UR‐LA patients.

Conclusion

The CY1 rates, CY‐negative conversion rates, and conversion surgery rates varied according to local progression. In the case of R and BR, SL could be considered in patients with pancreatic body or tail carcinoma, large tumor size, or high DUPAN‐2 level. In UR‐LA, SL might be considered for all patients.
How Did COVID-19 Affect Education and What Can Be Learned Moving Forward?
Authors: Daumiller Martin , Rinas Raven , Schoon Ingrid , Lüftenegger Marko
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted the educational sector on a global front. A plethora of research has been conducted to better understand the effects that the pandemic had on education as a whole, including investigations into different topics (e.g., school closures, e-teaching and learning, mental and physical health), populations (e.g., students, teachers), and levels of education (e.g., school, higher education). To summarize the available literature on education during the pandemic both qualitatively and quantitatively, many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have begun to emerge. With the present systematic meta-review, we aimed to synthesize and combine this existing database to derive broader and more comprehensive insights that can aid educational stakeholders. We summarize and evaluate 43 systematic reviews, four meta-analyses, and eight combined systematic reviews and meta-analyses published until November 2022 to provide a comprehensive narrative of how this crisis affected education and what can be learned moving forward.
Detecting SNP markers discriminating horse breeds by deep learning
Authors: Manzoori Siavash , Farahani Amir Hossein Khaltabadi , Moradi Mohammad Hossein , Kazemi-Bonchenari Mehdi
Published: July 2023

The assignment of an individual to the true population of origin using a low-panel of discriminant SNP markers is one of the most important applications of genomic data for practical use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of different Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) approaches consisting Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Garson and Olden methods for feature selection of informative SNP markers from high-throughput genotyping data, that would be able to trace the true breed of unknown samples. The total of 795 animals from 37 breeds, genotyped by using the Illumina SNP 50k Bead chip were used in the current study and principal component analysis (PCA), log-likelihood ratios (LLR) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) were applied to assess the performance of different assignment methods. The results revealed that the DNN, Garson, and Olden methods are able to assign individuals to true populations with 4270, 4937, and 7999 SNP markers, respectively. The PCA was used to determine how the animals allocated to the groups using all genotyped markers available on 50k Bead chip and the subset of SNP markers identified with different methods. The results indicated that all SNP panels are able to assign individuals into their true breeds. The success percentage of genetic assignment for different methods assessed by different levels of LLR showed that the success rate of 70% in the analysis was obtained by three methods with the number of markers of 110, 208, and 178 tags for DNN, Garson, and Olden methods, respectively. Also the results showed that DNN performed better than other two approaches by achieving 93% accuracy at the most stringent threshold. Finally, the identified SNPs were successfully used in independent out-group breeds consisting 120 individuals from eight breeds and the results indicated that these markers are able to correctly allocate all unknown samples to true population of origin. Furthermore, the NJ tree of allele-sharing distances on the validation dataset showed that the DNN has a high potential for feature selection. In general, the results of this study indicated that the DNN technique represents an efficient strategy for selecting a reduced pool of highly discriminant markers for assigning individuals to the true population of origin.
A Questionnaire-based Study Exploring Participant Perspectives in a Perinatal Human Challenge Trial
Authors: Bevan James H. J. , Theodosiou Anastasia A. , Corner James , Dorey Robert B. , Read Robert C. , Jones Christine E.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Pregnant women have historically been excluded from most medical research, including human challenge studies. The proof-of-concept Lactamica 9 human challenge study investigated whether nasal inoculation of pregnant women with commensal bacteria leads to horizontal transmission to the neonate. Given the unique practical and ethical considerations of both human challenge studies and interventional research involving pregnant women and their newborns, we sought to investigate the motivations, concerns and experiences of these volunteers.

Methods:

Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were given to all participants in the Lactamica 9 study. These fully anonymized qualitative and Semi-quantitative questionnaires used forced Likert scales, word association and free-text questions.

Results:

Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were completed by 87.1% (27/31) and 62.5% (15/24) of eligible participants, respectively. Almost all pre-participation respondents agreed with altruistic motivations for participation, and most concerns were related to discomfort from study procedures, with few concerned about the theoretical risks of inoculation to themselves (5/27; 18.5%) or their baby (6/27; 22.2%). Participants most frequently associated the study intervention with the terms “bacteria,” “natural,” “protective” and “safe.” For the post-participation questionnaire, 93.3% (14/15) found all study procedures acceptable, and qualitative feedback was almost entirely positive, with particular emphasis on the research team’s flexibility, approachability and friendliness.

Conclusions:

The successful completion of the Lactamica 9 study demonstrates that human challenge research in healthy pregnant women can be acceptable and feasible. Participants’ initial concerns of potential discomfort were outweighed by predominantly altruistic motivations and perception of the intervention as “natural.”
Performance of Tools and Measures to Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Pediatric Shock and Critical Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Walker Sarah B. , Winters Jessica M. , Schauer Jacob M. , Murphy Peggy , Fawcett Andrea , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES:

In this systematic review and meta-analysis we asked: Do predictors of fluid responsiveness in children perform comparably: 1) in the PICU as in non-PICU settings? 2) in shock states compared with nonshock states? Additionally, 3) is there an association between preload responsiveness and clinical response?

DATA SOURCES:

Ovid Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception through May 2022.

STUDY SELECTION:

Included studies reported physiological response to IV fluid administration in humans less than 18 years. Only studies reporting an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were included for descriptive analysis. Only studies for which a se could be estimated were included for meta-analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION:

Title, abstract, full text screening, and extraction were completed by two authors (S.B.W., J.M.W.). Variables extracted included predictors (“tools”) and outcome measures (“reference tests”) of fluid responsiveness, demographic, and clinical variables.

DATA SYNTHESIS:

We identified 62 articles containing 204 AUROCs for 55 tools, primarily describing mechanically ventilated children in an operating room or PICU. Meta-analysis across all tools showed poor predictive performance (AUROC, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.63–0.69), although individual performance varied greatly (range, 0.49–0.87). After controlling for PICU setting and shock state, PICU setting was associated with decreased predictive performance (coefficient, –0.56; p = 0.0007), while shock state was associated with increased performance (0.54; p = 0.0006). Effect of PICU setting and shock state on each tool was not statistically significant but analysis was limited by sample size. The association between preload responsiveness and clinical response was rarely studied but results did not suggest an association. Ultrasound measurements were prone to inherent test review and incorporation biases.

CONCLUSIONS:

We suggest three opportunities for further research in fluid responsiveness in children: 1) assessing predictive performance of tools during resuscitation in shock states; 2) separating predictive tool from reference test when using ultrasound techniques; and 3) targeting decreasing time in a shock state, rather than just increase in preload.
A systematic review of interventions for echolalia in autistic children
Authors: Blackburn Catherine , Tueres Martina , Sandanayake Niki , Roberts Jacqueline , Sutherland Rebecca
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Echolalia, the repetition of others’ speech, is a common observation in autistic people. Research has established that echolalia is functional and meaningful for many; however, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as pathological and in need of reduction. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the range and impact of interventions for echolalia in autistic children.

Method

A systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 15 studies met predetermined inclusion criteria. Screening, data extraction and quality rating using the Scientific Merit Rating Scale (SMRS) were performed in duplicate.

Results

Ten interventions across 15 papers were found. Results indicated that interventions generally decreased levels of echolalia. However, there were considerable inconsistencies in the definitions and conceptualisations of echolalia, administration, generalisation techniques and the measures used. The quality of the studies was very low.

Conclusion

Interventions for echolalia vary widely in terms of administration and measurement. There is limited consensus on the definition of echolalia among the reviewed studies, and no evidence that echolalia is recognised as functional or meaningful to the autistic children. Further, the lack of methodological rigour makes it difficult to draw clinical conclusions about the interventions.

WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS

What is already known

Echolalia is the immediate or delayed repetition of others’ speech and is a common observation in autistic children and in some older autistic people. While research and practice has established that echolalia is a functional and meaningful form of communication, particularly for those first developing spoken communication, some clinicians and researchers continue to characterise it as problematic and suggest that echolalia should be reduced or eliminated.

What this study adds

We systematically searched the literature about echolalia interventions to try to find out about the types of interventions that aim to reduce or eliminate echolalia. We found 15 studies on this topic. The way they defined echolalia was varied, and there was a range of interventions researched. None of the research papers recognised echolalia as functional or meaningful and the quality of the research was very low.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

Clinicians, families and researchers should think carefully and critically about suggesting any programs or supports that aim to reduce echolalia as no recommendations can be drawn from the research we studied. Echolalia should be considered functional, and efforts made to understand the meaning and purpose of echolalic speech.
We can predict, but validation and implementation remain a challenge
Authors: Bone Jeffrey N.
Published: July 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Venkatesh et al., pp.1531–1540 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17572.
Salvage holmium laser enucleation of the prostate after previous interventions: a systematic review
Authors: Kallidonis Panagiotis , Spinos Theodoros , Peteinaris Angelis , Somani Bhaskar , Liatsikos Evangelos
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the re‐treatment setting (salvage HoLEP) and compare it to the primary HoLEP procedure that is commonly used for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).

Materials and Methods

Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were systematically screened, from inception to 8 August 2022. Other potentially eligible studies were retrieved using the reference lists of the included studies. Retrospective and prospective studies, both comparative and non‐comparative, were included.

Results

A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative synthesis. One study was prospective comparative (non‐randomised), seven studies were retrospective comparative, and four studies were retrospective non‐comparative or case series. In total, 831 patients were treated with salvage HoLEP in the above studies. Previous intervention before salvage HoLEP ranged among studies. The most commonly performed was transurethral resection of the prostate. Intraoperative parameters of salvage HoLEP were comparable with those reported during primary HoLEP, while all postoperative outcomes were significantly improved after salvage HoLEP and were similar with those observed after primary HoLEP. No major complications were noted after salvage HoLEP according to Clavien–Dindo classification.

Conclusions

Salvage HoLEP after previous interventions for treating recurrent or residual BPH is a feasible, safe, and efficient procedure. Data presented in selected studies, along with the holmium laser's physical properties to resect more tissue and to dissect along the true anatomical plane of BPH, render HoLEP an ideal salvage treatment modality for recurrent or residual BPH symptoms.
Mechanical properties of three‐dimensional trilayered Li–garnet electrolyte for high‐rate cycling in solid‐state batteries
Authors: Fu Zhezhen , Wachsman Eric
Published: July 2023

Utilizing tape casting–laminating–sintering technique, we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) porous–dense–porous trilayered Li–garnet framework that enables symmetric cycling lithium metal under high current densities for long time (∼3–10 mA/cm2 for over ∼500 h). To address the reasons that such 3D Li–garnet framework can withhold high current density and long‐term cycling, both experiments (nanoindentation and bending) and simulations (finite element analysis [FEA]) regarding mechanical properties on such 3D framework were employed. The results indicate that (1) the dense layer has high and uniform elastic modulus and hardness so can efficiently prevent lithium penetration and dendrites growth; (2) the porous layer, including the grains and the necking regions, has high nanomechanical properties to withhold the lithium penetration stress; (3) the spherical pores in the porous layer can withhold higher lithium penetration forces/stress compared with rectangular/regular pores based on FEA. The flexural strength of the whole structure was also characterized using the three‐point bending method to demonstrate the high strength (∼30.8–42.1 MPa) of the 3D framework. A rule‐of‐mixtures model was developed, which can be used to estimate the flexural strength of the trilayered framework based on the microstructures. Correlations between the mechanical properties and the high‐rate cycling are further discussed.
Effect of Electroacupuncture with Different Current Intensities on the Serum Metabolomics of Functional Constipation
Authors: Wu Xiao , Zhou Yi , Chen Guang , Zheng CuiHong , Dong Haoxu , Xiong Fan , Zhang Mingmin , Huang Guangyin , Xu Xiaohu
Published: July 2023

Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the serum metabolomics of electroacupuncture (EA) with different current intensities in the treatment of functional constipation (FC). Methods. The total number of FC patients was 19, (7, 6, 6, in the low current intensity group (LCI), high current intensity group (HCI), and mosapride citrate tablet control group (MC), respectively). Patients in the EA groups received 16 sessions of acupuncture treatments. Patients in the MC group were orally administered 5 mg mosapride citrate tablets 3 times daily, and serum samples were collected from the patients before and after treatment. Orthogonal partial least square‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) was used to assess the metabolic data. The significant differences before and after FC treatment are shown in the OPLS‐DA score plot. Variable importance plots (VIPs) and T tests were used to identify significant metabolites. Results. Among the three groups, the number of metabolites with VIP > 1 was 11, 7, and 21 (in LCI, HCI and MC groups, respectively). Compared with those before treatment, the serum metabolites of patients were characterized by increased levels of L‐ornithine (p < 0.05) and glyceric acid in the LCI group (p < 0.05), increased levels of vanillic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05), and decreased levels of arabinonic acid in the MC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The effects of EA treatment on the serum metabolomics of FC may involve fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.
Stricter Blood Pressure Control Is Associated With Lower Left Ventricular Mass in Children After Kidney Transplantation: A Longitudinal Analysis of the 4C-T Study
Authors: Sugianto Rizky I. , Grabitz Carl , Bayazit Aysun , Duzova Ali , Thurn-Valsassina Daniela , Memaran Nima , Doyon Anke , Canpolat Nur , Kaplan Bulut Ipek , Azukaitis Karolis , Obrycki Łukasz , Anarat Ali , Büscher Rainer , Caliskan Salim , Harambat Jérôme , Lugani Francesca , Ozcakar Zeynep B. , Paripović Dušan , Ranchin Bruno , Querfeld Uwe , Schaefer Franz , Schmidt Bernhard M.W. , Melk Anette
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

We assessed the effect of blood pressure (BP) control on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

METHODS:

Ninety-six patients (64 males) ≥9 months post–kidney transplantation from the 4C-T (Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease and Transplantation) study were analyzed longitudinally (mean follow-up, 2.6±1.3 years). Cumulative systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic BP exposure was calculated as a time-averaged area under the curve and categorized: ≤50th, 50th to ≤75th, 75th to ≤90th, and >90th percentile (pct). We performed adjusted linear and logistic mixed models for LVMI and LVH, respectively.

RESULTS:

At baseline, LVMI was 49.7±12.7g/m
2.16
with 64% (n=61) kidney transplantation recipients displaying LVH. Compared with patients with cumulative SBP exposure >90th pct, patients with cumulative SBP of 50th to ≤75th showed a significant LVMI reduction of −5.24g/m
2.16
(
P
=0.007). A similar tendency was seen for cumulative SBP≤50th (β=−3.70 g/m
2.16
;
P
=0.067), but patients with cumulative SBP of 75th to ≤90th pct showed no reduction. A post hoc analysis in patients with cumulative SBP≤75th revealed that median SBP exposure was at 57.5th pct. For cumulative diastolic BP, a significant LVMI reduction was seen in all 3 categories ≤90th pct compared with patients >90th pct. Patients with cumulative SBP of ≤50th or 50th to ≤75th pct showed 79% or 83% lower odds of developing LVH, respectively. Patients with cumulative diastolic BP ≤50th showed a tendency of 82% lower odds for LVH (95% CI, 0.03–1.07).

CONCLUSIONS:

Stricter BP control led to regression of LVMI and LVH. Our data suggest a BP target below the 60th pct, which needs to be substantiated in a randomized controlled trial.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke After Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Simonetto Marialaura , Sheth Kevin N. , Ziai Wendy C. , Iadecola Costantino , Zhang Cenai , Murthy Santosh B.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Whether there are racial and ethnic disparities in the risk of ischemic stroke after ICH is poorly understood. We therefore aimed to test the hypothesis that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic ICH patients have a higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with non-Hispanic White ICH patients.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) on all hospitalizations at all nonfederal hospitals in Florida from 2005 to 2018 and New York from 2006 to 2016. Race and ethnicity were coded as a single variable in HCUP. We included patients with an ICH, and without a prior or concomitant diagnosis of ischemic stroke, ascertained using validated
International Classification of Diseases—Clinical Modification—9 and 10
diagnosis codes. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we studied the relationship between race and risk of ischemic stroke starting from the time of discharge from ICH hospitalization, after adjustment of demographics and vascular comorbidities.

RESULTS:

We included 91 342 patients with ICH—62% non-Hispanic White, 18% non-Hispanic Black, and 12% Hispanic patients. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients were younger and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities; however, atrial fibrillation was more prevalent among non-Hispanic White patients. During a median follow-up period of 4.4 years (interquartile range, 1.5–8.1), an incident ischemic stroke occurred in 3377 (6%) non-Hispanic White, 1323 (8%) non-Hispanic Black, and 844 (8%) Hispanic patients. In adjusted Cox models, the risk of an ischemic stroke was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Black patients (hazard ratio, 1.6 [95% CI, 1.5–1.8]) and Hispanic patients (hazard ratio, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.3–1.5]), compared with non-Hispanic White patients. Similar results were obtained in sensitivity analyses when using death as a competing risk and after excluding patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a large heterogeneous cohort of patients with ICH, we found that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with non-Hispanic White patients.