bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Roughness and Microhardness of Demineralized Enamel Treated with Resinous Infiltrants and Subjected to an Acid Challenge: An in vitro Study
Authors: de Cerqueira Gabriela Alves , Damasceno Janaína Emanuela , Pedreira Priscila Regis , Souza Ana Ferreira , Aguiar Flávio Henrique Baggio , Marchi Giselle Maria
Published: February 2023

Background:

Resinous infiltrating has proven effective in arresting incipient caries lesions.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the penetration depth of an experimental resin-infiltrant (75% - TEGDMA, 25% - Bis-EMA, 1% - EDAB, 0.5% camphorquinone), compare it with commercial infiltrant Icon®, and analyze the surface-roughness and microhardness of the resin-materials infiltrated into tooth specimens, before and after pH cycling.

Methods:

To assess penetration depth, sound third molar specimens were submitted to ten de-remineralization cycles for incipient carious lesion induction and were then randomly divided into 2 groups (n=3): (I) Experimental Infiltrant (EI) and (II) Commercial Infiltrant Icon (CI). After resin infiltration into specimens, qualitative Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy images were captured. For roughness and microhardness assessment, new specimens were demineralized, then randomly divided into two groups (n=20): (I) Experimental Infiltrant (EI) and (II) Commercial Infiltrant Icon (CI) and submitted to roughness and microhardness readouts at the following time-intervals: (T1) sound tooth, (T2) white-spot caries lesion, (T3) resin material that infiltrated, and (T4) resin material that infiltrated and was exposed to pH-cycling. In statistical analyses, generalized linear models of repeated measures in time were applied, with a significance level of 5%.

Results:

The experimental infiltrant penetrated the carious lesion and exhibited lower roughness values after its application, even after pH cycling, similar to the CI. The microhardness value of the EI group was significantly lower in the last three-time intervals evaluated compared to CI.

Conclusion:

Experimental resin infiltrant was efficient in penetrating white spot lesions and reducing surface roughness; however, it did not increase surface microhardness.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Two Variables of Glass-Ionomer Cement: An In vitro Study
Authors: Saida Ziada , Chammack Haifa , Belkhir Chems , Bagga Sana , Sahtout Saida Souad
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

The emergence of nanotechnology, which has become an important research area in dentistry, has made it possible to obtain nano-structured materials with improved properties compared to their basic form. In this work, we have performed an experimental study on natural teeth to evaluate the microleakage of a Ketac™ Universal nano-filled GIG in box cavities and compare it to a Ketac™ Fil Plus (3M ESPE) conventional GIG.

Materials and Methods:

80 Class II cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces of forty teeth (twenty molars and twenty premolars). The sample was divided randomly into two groups: Group1 with conditioning and Group 2 without conditioning. The mesial cavities were obturated with Ketac™Universal nano-filled GIG and the distal cavities with Ketac™ Fil Plus GIG. The teeth underwent thermocycling, followed by infiltration with methylene blue. The teeth roots were inserted into methacrylate resin blocks and then sectioned with a chainsaw in the center of both restorations. After observation with a stereomicroscope, the extent of methylene blue infiltration in each restoration was recorded separately for the cervical surface (from 0 to 2) and the axial surface (from 0 to 3).The Chi-squared test with SPSS20.2 software was used to investigate the score distribution.

Results:

Results were considered significant if P<0.05. The Chi-square test showed a significant difference between the nano-filled GIG and the condensable GIG. The nano-filled GIG showed less infiltration, and it was found to be more tight than the conventional GIG.

Conclusion:

The results of the current study suggest that the use of nanotechnology is a promising strategy to improve the clinical performance of GIG. However, this study is limited to an experimental in vitro strategy, which cannot reliably reproduce clinical reality.
Knee Pain Examined under Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography: Experience from a Community-based Rheumatology Practice – A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Siddiq Md Abu Bakar , Rahim Mohammad Abdur
Published: February 2023

Background:

Diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasonogram (MSUS) in musculoskeletal pain practice has increased. MSUS helps delineate extra-and intra-articular structures that are not visible on X-ray.

Objective:

Explore knee pain under ultrasonogram in a primary care rheumatology (PCR) facility.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was performed over six months (January 1 and June 30, 2021) to explore knee pain in a community-based PCR setting. A physician registered in musculoskeletal (RMSK) ultrasonogram examined all patients and documented data in a prefabricated questionnaire. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, 28.0.1.1) was used to analyze data. Quantitative and categorical variables were presented with frequency and percentage. The Mann-Whitney-U test assessed the correlation between categorical variables; p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 118 knees of 92 patients were included. Following are MSUS-depicted structural changes: medial joint line osteophytes (91.3%), medial femoral condyle (MFC), cartilage echogenicity (78.3%), synovial plica (76%), knee effusion (61.9%), synovial membrane thickening (54.3%), increased medial collateral ligament (MCL) thickness (42.4), reduced trochlear and MFC thickness (36.9%), Baker's cyst (35.8%), increased MFC thickness (31.5%), medial meniscal extrusion (MME) (27.2%), synovial hypertrophy (20.6%), increased trochlear cartilage thickness (20.6%), MM tear (18.5%), semitendinosus (SMT) bursitis (6.5%), loose body (6.5%), frond-like synovial mass (5.4%), MCL calcification (4.3%) and MM cyst (4.3%). There was a statistically significant correlation between the following variables: Knee effusion and synovial plica; reduced MFC thickness; MME and reduced MFC thickness and moderate osteophyte.

Conclusion:

High-frequency diagnostic ultrasound can depict knee pathology precisely. MSUS at the primary healthcare facility can minimize patient referral and burden over the tertiary setting and reduce overall expenditure.
Use of a Consortium of Agronomically Important Microorganisms for Growing Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
Authors: Smirnova Irina , Sadanov Amankeldi , Baimakhanova Gul , Faizulina Elmira , Tatarkina Larissa
Published: February 2023

Aims:

This study aimed to create a consortium of agronomically important microorganisms based on local strains of rhizobia and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that could increase the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of soybean, thereby increasing its productivity in Kazakhstan.

Background:

The use of agronomically important microorganisms that simultaneously possess several useful properties for growing plants is a priority for the sustainable development of organic agriculture.

Objective:

The objectives of the study were to isolate and functionally characterize rhizobia from soybean nodules (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soybean.

Methods:

In this study, local rhizobia and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan were isolated from the nodules and rhizosphere of soybean. The nitrogenase activity of rhizobia was determined by the acetylene reduction assay. The biocompatibility of consortium strains was determined by the perpendicular streak technique. The plant growth-promoting activity, nitrogenase, phosphate-solubilizing activity, and nodulation of isolated bacteria were studied, and the four most active strains were selected. Identification of these strains was carried out by sequencing the 16S rRNA. Consortia of agronomically important microorganisms were created based on active strains of rhizobia and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.

Results:

The sequencing of 16S rRNA of the selected strains showed that rhizobia belonged to the genus Rhizobium and the phosphate-solubilizing to the genera Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. The results showed that seeds inoculation by consortia had a highly stimulating effect on soybean plants' growth and significantly increased the stem height (1.8-2.0 times), root length (2.3-2.7 times), and the number of nodules (2.7-3.2 times) compared to the control without inoculation. Besides, these consortia induced a significant increase in the number of nodules on soybean roots and their nitrogen fixation, an increase in phosphorus absorption, and an increase in protein in soybean plants compared to the control. According to these results, consortium No. 21 was selected as the most effective one. The consortium included strains of rhizobia Rhizobium lupini RH-7 and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas koreensis FT-4.

Conclusion:

A consortium of agronomically important microorganisms based on local strains of bacteria adapted to the soil and climatic conditions and not competing with microbes of the rhizosphere was created in our study. The use of a consortium based on local strains will help avoid competition with the indigenous populations of rhizosphere bacteria, and it can be used to grow an economically important crop, such as soybean.
Efficacy of Supramolecular Salicylic Acid 30% Combined with Intense Pulsed Light Compare to Monotherapy Supramolecular Salicylic Acid 30% in Acne Vulgaris Patients
Authors: Ariyawati Asoka , Chen Yangmei , Pu Yihuan , Zhang Yujie , Zhang Lingzhao , Shao Xinyi , Chen Jiayi , Chen Jin
Published: February 2023

Background:

Acne is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. Treatment of acne has been challenging due to the multiple factors involved in its pathogenesis. To date, there are several treatments available. They are traditional chemical peeling, laser-based therapy, and so on. Therefore, as several studies reached inconsistent conclusions on which treatment was better, this observational study aimed to compare the efficacy of monotherapy supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) and the combination of SSA with intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in acne patients.

Methods:

43 patients with acne vulgaris were chosen at the outpatient department of dermatology from October 2019 until December 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1, with a total of 23 patients who underwent SSA 30% combined with IPL, and group 2, which will do monotherapy with SSA 30%. Chemical peeling with SSA 30% treatment will be done every 2 weeks, while IPL treatment will be performed every 4 weeks for a treatment course of 8 weeks. Each individual had a VISIA skin examination and an investigator global assessment (IGA) of acne severity scores every four weeks to evaluate clinical improvement and treatment efficacy.

Results:

Patients in the SSA 30% + IPL group were mostly female, with comparable baseline VISIA skin scores. During 8-week intervals, the SSA 30%+IPL group presented with a greater improvement in overall skin condition measured by VISIA compared to the SSA 30% alone. Although both groups have a positive effect on skin condition improvement, when it comes to acne, gradual improvement in porphyrins and red areas was more obvious in the combined SSA 30%+IPL group compared to SSA 30% alone.

Conclusion:

The combination of SSA 30% with IPL compared to SSA 30% alone not only provides better treatment for acne vulgaris but also improves skin rejuvenation.
Potential Factors Associated with Stillbirth among Babies Born in Hospitals of North Shoa, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2021 Based on Cross-sectional Study Design
Authors: Beya Mogos , Alemu Adugna , Edosa Dejene , Mekonnen Mathewos
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Fetal death is one of the common adverse pregnancy outcomes. More than 7178 deaths at 28 weeks of gestation occur every day, making 2.6 million fetal deaths worldwide. The majority of these deaths occurred in developing countries, and 98% occurred in low and middle-income countries. To address the problem of stillbirth, the magnitude and determinants of stillbirth must be understood to help intervention be given to reduce fetal stillbirth. This study was facilitated by obtaining basic data on the factors influencing stillbirth. This will facilitate the development of better public health interventions to reduce these preventable fetal deaths and improve maternal health.

Objective:

This study aimed to assess the determinant factors of still-birth among babies born in hospitals in the North Shoa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods:

The study was conducted among 348 babies born in the hospital of North Shoa Zone. Study subjects were selected by systematic sampling method from the list of babies born in hospitals in a three-month study period. Data were collected by using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Data were edited, cleaned, coded, entered, and analyzed using SPSS-21 statistical software. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was employed.

Results:

Potential factors were having regular antenatal care, congenital malformation, and having a history of perinatal death, were significantly associated with the stillbirth.

Conclusion:

The risk of stillbirth was associated with both modifiable and non-modifiable factors. Therefore, encouraging regular ANC to follow up, minimizing the formation of congenital malformation, and increasing birth in the history of previous perinatal death prevent the risk of potential stillbirth.
Esponjas de queratina con capacidad de sorción de hidrocarburos, obtenidas a partir de residuos de la industria avícola
Authors: Orjuela-Palacio Juliana M. , Zaritzky Noemí E.
Published: February 2023

Las plumas de pollo son residuos de la industria avícola que se generan en grandes volúmenes, están conformadas por queratina, proteína rica en cisteína, enlaces disulfuro y residuos hidrofóbicos y su reconversión es de gran interés para diseñar biomateriales con aplicaciones ambientales. El objetivo es generar esponjas de queratina a partir de plumas aplicables en el control de derrames de crudo, los cuales representan un importante daño ambiental. Se realizaron síntesis de esponjas a partir de plumas acondicionadas: E1: urea (2 M), sulfito de sodio (0,125 M), dodecilsulfato sódico (0,05 M), pH= 9, 90 ºC, 30 min y E2: urea (7,75 M), sulfito de sodio (0,48 M), pH= 6,5, 65 ºC, 120 min. Las disoluciones se dializaron y liofilizaron logrando el re-entrecruzamiento de la queratina. En la caracterización estructural (ftir-atr) se observaron las bandas Amida-A (3330 cmˉ¹), Amida-i (1616 cm-1), Amida-ii (1580-1510 cm-1) y Amida-iii (1240-1230 cm-1). La deconvolución de Amida-i indicó que la conformación de la estructura secundaria (hoja-plegada-β/α-hélice/β-turn) para E1 fue de 55,1/19,6/25,3 % y de 52,1/36,7/10,5 % para E2. Se evidenció por calorimetría diferencial de barrido la gran estabilidad térmica (Tdesnaturalización (E1) = 143,5 ºC; (E2) = 215 °C), se determinó la isoterma de sorción de agua, se ajustó con la ecuación gab y se cuantificó la capacidad de sorción de crudo (csc, g crudo/g queratina) y de retención (% crc). Por su parte, E2 presentó un mejor desempeño de sorción de crudo (csc = 21,22, crc = 78 % que E1 (csc = 5,87, crc = 47 %) y fue posible sintetizar esponjas de queratina con buenas características sorbentes de crudo, siendo una opción para la revalorización de la biomasa y su aplicación podría extenderse al control de otros contaminantes.
Artificial Intelligence–Based Chatbots for Promoting Health Behavioral Changes: Systematic Review
Authors: Aggarwal Abhishek , Tam Cheuk Chi , Wu Dezhi , Li Xiaoming , Qiao Shan
Published: February 2023

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI)–based chatbots can offer personalized, engaging, and on-demand health promotion interventions.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and intervention characteristics of AI chatbots for promoting health behavior change.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted in 7 bibliographic databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and JMIR publications) for empirical articles published from 1980 to 2022 that evaluated the feasibility or efficacy of AI chatbots for behavior change. The screening, extraction, and analysis of the identified articles were performed by following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines.

Results

Of the 15 included studies, several demonstrated the high efficacy of AI chatbots in promoting healthy lifestyles (n=6, 40%), smoking cessation (n=4, 27%), treatment or medication adherence (n=2, 13%), and reduction in substance misuse (n=1, 7%). However, there were mixed results regarding feasibility, acceptability, and usability. Selected behavior change theories and expert consultation were used to develop the behavior change strategies of AI chatbots, including goal setting, monitoring, real-time reinforcement or feedback, and on-demand support. Real-time user-chatbot interaction data, such as user preferences and behavioral performance, were collected on the chatbot platform to identify ways of providing personalized services. The AI chatbots demonstrated potential for scalability by deployment through accessible devices and platforms (eg, smartphones and Facebook Messenger). The participants also reported that AI chatbots offered a nonjudgmental space for communicating sensitive information. However, the reported results need to be interpreted with caution because of the moderate to high risk of internal validity, insufficient description of AI techniques, and limitation for generalizability.

Conclusions

AI chatbots have demonstrated the efficacy of health behavior change interventions among large and diverse populations; however, future studies need to adopt robust randomized control trials to establish definitive conclusions.
Reliable Internet of Things for Health Care Technologies
Authors: Dilip Ballal Kalpit , Dittmann Lars , Ruepp Sarah , Dinesen Birthe
Published: February 2023

Background

Several at-home monitoring devices are being introduced in the market, which can help individuals, fitness enthusiasts, etc, monitor their health anytime they want. This allows individuals to monitor and collect their health data, reflect upon it, and take necessary action. Such technologies can help enhance the user’s quality of life by motivating and empowering them to improve their health actively. Unfortunately, there are still several challenges to making this transition from in-hospital monitoring to home monitoring smoother. Some of these challenges may include technology readiness and acceptance by patients and their family members, lack of proper privacy measures, security, and lack of reliable internet and communication technology infrastructure.

Objective

The objective of this study is to use wireless communication networks to remotely transfer data from various body sensors measuring different vital parameters. Wireless sensors (electrocardiogram monitors, sleep sensors, etc) and Internet of Things devices can allow real-time and relatively cheap at-home health monitoring to provide critical health updates over the internet.

Methods

The study will be conducted by means of designing multiple experiments in which data from different sensors will be collected, packaged, and sent to a remote server using the internet. Along with the patient data, different network performance parameters such as delay, information loss, etc, will be calculated to understand and evaluate network performance.

Results

The results from the experiment will focus on evaluating network performance parameters such as latency, delay, packet drop, etc, in various indoor as well as outdoor environments.

Conclusions

We hope the results obtained from these experiment can be used for making various technological design choices and serve as a good starting point while building Internet of Things health care technologies.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Understanding Prospective Physicians’ Intention to Use Artificial Intelligence in Their Future Medical Practice: Configurational Analysis
Authors: Wagner Gerit , Raymond Louis , Paré Guy
Published: February 2023

Background

Prospective physicians are expected to find artificial intelligence (AI) to be a key technology in their future practice. This transformative change has caught the attention of scientists, educators, and policy makers alike, with substantive efforts dedicated to the selection and delivery of AI topics and competencies in the medical curriculum. Less is known about the behavioral perspective or the necessary and sufficient preconditions for medical students’ intention to use AI in the first place.

Objective

Our study focused on medical students’ knowledge, experience, attitude, and beliefs related to AI and aimed to understand whether they are necessary conditions and form sufficient configurations of conditions associated with behavioral intentions to use AI in their future medical practice.

Methods

We administered a 2-staged questionnaire operationalizing the variables of interest (ie, knowledge, experience, attitude, and beliefs related to AI, as well as intention to use AI) and recorded 184 responses at t0 (February 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic) and 138 responses at t1 (January 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic). Following established guidelines, we applied necessary condition analysis and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyze the data.

Results

Findings from the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis show that the intention to use AI is only observed when students have a strong belief in the role of AI (individually necessary condition); certain AI profiles, that is, combinations of knowledge and experience, attitudes and beliefs, and academic level and gender, are always associated with high intentions to use AI (equifinal and sufficient configurations); and profiles associated with nonhigh intentions cannot be inferred from profiles associated with high intentions (causal asymmetry).

Conclusions

Our work contributes to prior knowledge by showing that a strong belief in the role of AI in the future of medical professions is a necessary condition for behavioral intentions to use AI. Moreover, we suggest that the preparation of medical students should go beyond teaching AI competencies and that educators need to account for the different AI profiles associated with high or nonhigh intentions to adopt AI.
A Web-Based Self-management App for Living Well With Dementia: User-Centered Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Abigail Rebecca , Csipke Emese , Yates Lauren , Moniz-Cook Esme , McDermott Orii , Taylor Steven , Stephens Michael , Kelleher Daniel , Orrell Martin
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Self-management, autonomy, and quality of life are key constructs in enabling people to live well with dementia. This population often becomes isolated following diagnosis, but it is important for them to feel encouraged to maintain their daily activities and stay socially active. Promoting Independence in Dementia (PRIDE) fosters social inclusion and greater dementia self-management through an interactive handbook.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a paper-based PRIDE manual on a web-based platform.

METHODS

Two overarching stages were used to create the web-based version of PRIDE. The first was Preliminary Development, which encompassed tendering, preliminary development work, consultations, beta version of the website, user testing and consultation on beta version, and production of the final web-based prototype. The second stage was Development of the Final PRIDE App, which included 2 sprints and further user testing.

RESULTS

Through a lengthy development process, modifications were made to app areas such as the log-in process, content layout, and aesthetic appearance. Feedback from the target population was incorporated into the process to achieve a dementia-friendly product. The finished PRIDE app has defined areas for reading dementia-related topics, creating activity plans, and logging these completed activities.

CONCLUSIONS

The PRIDE app has evolved from its initial prototype into a more dementia-friendly and usable program that is suitable for further testing. The finished version will be tested in a reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance study, with its potential reach, effectiveness, and adoption explored. Feedback gathered during the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance study will lead to any further developments in the app to increase its applicability to the target audience and usability.
The impacts of exposure to risk factors during youth on the increasing global trend of early-onset pancreatic cancer: a population-based study (Preprint)
Authors: Lu Bin , Cai Jie , Chen Hongda , Lu Ming , Zhang Yuhan , Luo Chenyu , You Lei , Dai Mn , Zhao Yupei
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

An increasing trend of pancreatic cancer (PC) in young adults has emerged in some countries.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe global trends of PC in young adults and to explore the impact of exposure to risk factors during youth.

METHODS

Global and national data on PC incidence, disability-adjusted life-years, attributive mortality, and summary exposure values of risk factors were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of incidence and mortality were estimated. Additionally, generalized additive models were applied to explore the non-linear associations between the levels and changes in the Human Development Index (HDI) and AAPC.

RESULTS

Global PC incidence increased in various periods from 1990–2019, particularly in adults aged < 45 years from 2010–2019, with an average increase rate of 0.69% per year (95% CI: 0.35–1.03). The AAPC of early-onset PC incidence from 2010–2019 was negatively correlated with HDI levels both in 2010 and 2019, and positively correlated with HDI acceleration. Significant increases in early-onset PC incidence were observed over this period in 32 of 88 countries, primarily in South America, North America, Oceania, and Africa. Early-onset PC mortality attributed to high body mass index (BMI) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increased, while that attributed to tobacco use declined.

CONCLUSIONS

An increasing trend has emerged in the global incidence and burden of early-onset PC over the last decades, which may partly be attributed to global epidemics of high BMI and FPG.
Development and Testing of a Data Capture Device for Use With Clinical Incentive Spirometers: Testing and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Burns Michael L , Sinha Anik , Hoffmann Alexander , Wu Zewen , Medina Inchauste Tomas , Retsky Aaron , Chesney David , Kheterpal Sachin , Shah Nirav
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

The incentive spirometer is a basic and common medical device from which electronic health care data cannot be directly collected. As a result, despite numerous studies investigating clinical use, there remains little consensus on optimal device use and sparse evidence supporting its intended benefits such as prevention of postoperative respiratory complications.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is to develop and test an add-on hardware device for data capture of the incentive spirometer.

METHODS

An add-on device was designed, built, and tested using reflective optical sensors to identify the real-time location of the volume piston and flow bobbin of a common incentive spirometer. Investigators manually tested sensor level accuracies and triggering range calibrations using a digital flowmeter. A valid breath classification algorithm was created and tested to determine valid from invalid breath attempts. To assess real-time use, a video game was developed using the incentive spirometer and add-on device as a controller using the Apple iPad.

RESULTS

In user testing, sensor locations were captured at an accuracy of 99% (SD 1.4%) for volume and 100% accuracy for flow. Median and average volumes were within 7.5% (SD 6%) of target volume sensor levels, and maximum sensor triggering values seldom exceeded intended sensor levels, showing a good correlation to placement on 2 similar but distinct incentive spirometer designs. The breath classification algorithm displayed a 100% sensitivity and a 99% specificity on user testing, and the device operated as a video game controller in real time without noticeable interference or delay.

CONCLUSIONS

An effective and reusable add-on device for the incentive spirometer was created to allow the collection of previously inaccessible incentive spirometer data and demonstrate Internet-of-Things use on a common hospital device. This design showed high sensor accuracies and the ability to use data in real-time applications, showing promise in the ability to capture currently inaccessible clinical data. Further use of this device could facilitate improved research into the incentive spirometer to improve adoption, incentivize adherence, and investigate the clinical effectiveness to help guide clinical care.
Addressing Melanoma Screening Disparities in Low Income Rural Communities (Preprint)
Authors: Galbraith Logan Grant , Aldosari Elham , Dolohanty Lindsey
Published: February 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

The incidence of melanoma is increasing worldwide. Yet there is little effort in patient education for those in rural areas. Many of these patients lack both the resources and level of education needed for understanding skin cancer screening and prevention. Therefore, we are introducing a melanoma screening tool that can be distributed at free clinics and other healthcare access points within these communities. This will allow patients to perform self-screenings for lesions that might otherwise be missed. This tool is a small card that contains information on how to use it with the hopes that the patient would vocalize any skin concerns during their next interaction with a general healthcare practitioner. This would allow for early melanoma detection which can save lives
Trench foot and other non-freezing cold injuries (literature review)
Authors: Kravets O.V. , Yekhalov V.V. , Trofimov N.V. , Sedinkin V.A. , Martynenko D.A.
Published: February 2023

Non-freezing cold injury is a general term that includes trench foot and immersion foot and is characterized by damage to the soft tissues, nerves, and vessels of the distal extremities as a result of long stay (usually two to three days or longer) in wet, cold (but not freezing: typically 0 to 15 °C) conditions. Trench foot syndrome primarily affects military personnel, fishermen, agricultural workers, travelers, and other segments of the population. In wartime, the number of such local cold injuries increases several times. Unfortunately, in domestic medical developments, this problem is practically not given due attention. Based on data from foreign literary sources and their own clinical experience, the authors were able to highlight the main patterns of pathogenesis and clinical picture of this pathological condition with justification of treatment tactic and preventive measures.
Pathophisiology of the gastrointestinal tract in general unintentional overheating of the body (scientific and literature review)
Authors: Kravets O.V. , Yekhalov V.V. , Trofimov M.V. , Sedinkin V.A.
Published: February 2023

In thermal injury, the gastrointestinal tract is the target organ. General overheating of the body causes intestinal barrier breakdown, translocation of bacteria and enterotoxins, oxidative shock, etc. These complications significantly aggravate the course of the pathological condition, increase the duration of treatment and mortality. However, this issue is practically not covered in domestic literary sources. Based on the data from foreign special literature and our own clinical experience, we managed to systematize the main pathological points of pathogenesis, course and therapeutic approach in gastrointestinal lesions due to general unintentional overheating of the body.
The Influence of Online Learning Behavior on Learning Performance
Authors: Li Huiming
Published: February 2023

Online education is a significant part of information education. It is an effective way to uncover online learning mechanisms and improve the quality of online teaching by exploiting the behavioral data of online learning platforms for learning performance prediction and analysis. In this paper, we focus on the learner’s learning behavior in an online teaching scenario and explore the predictive effectiveness and impact mechanism of each behavioral feature by building a predictive model based on a machine learning algorithm. Experimental results show that three behavioral characteristics, namely the number of visits to course materials, lecture review time, and assignment, intensively influence learning performance. By comparing various machine learning algorithms, it is found that the random forest algorithm has better prediction results.
The Construction Practice of Informatization Ecosystem in Chinese Universities Based on Big Data of Education
Authors: Le Zhang , Jie Liu , Feng Chen , Jing Zhuge
Published: February 2023

The wave of digital reform boosts the layout and construction of university informatization. However, in view of the current problems of university informatization construction, such as inadequate overall planning of system construction, ineffective interoperability of some business system data, high construction cost, and unclear division of responsibilities of system management, the article explores a general idea of digital reform based on the reality of “information islands” and “data chimney” in school education big data, In combination with the actual situation of the school, it has planned and put into practice the idea of the school’s digital reform, built the school’s “digital intelligent medical university” information ecosystem, designed and formed the “1614” digital reform work theoretical system from the top planning, consolidated the construction of the school’s education big data warehouse, committed to data collection, governance and sharing, gathered data resources, and formed a brain-like system to help teaching decision-making, Build a “cloud” supported teaching resource supply system to help borderless teaching, and finally build a personalized teaching ecological model based on education big data.
Comparative Study on Advertising as a Means of Communications; its Issues and Characteristics
Authors: A. S. Mounir
Published: February 2023

This article is meant to provide some initial notions, materials, and concept for the study of advertising communication. It draws on advertising communication definitions. I analyzed vary definitions of advertising communications for English, Russian, and Arabic authors. I committed to bridging the gap between the huge body of research on advertising communications definitions. I am hoping that this lays a solid enough foundation for researchers to dig deeper into some of the issues brought up. The characteristics of advertising communication are particularly explained in the second half of the article. We need to understand how advertising communications work in order to arm ourselves with knowledge about practical forms of social communication. Advertising communications have an impact on our lives, our perspectives, and feelings. In addition to introducing researchers to the most crucial definitions of advertising communications, this article aims to teach them how to study, research, and investigate this field of communication as well as how it influences and shapes our social lives.
Linguistic Codeswitching as a Cross-linguistic Lexical Bridge in Bilingual Communication
Authors: Wei Longxing
Published: February 2023

Most studies of linguistic codeswitching (CS) focus on what language items can be switched and how such switched items are intrasententially configurated at the surface sentence level. This study investigates linguistic CS at a rather abstract level by adopting the Bilingual Lemma Activation (BLA) Model (Wei, 2020). This model claims that lemmas (i.e., abstract entries in the mental lexicon about lexemes) are language-specific, language-specific lemmas are in contact in bilingual speech involving CS, and thus CS is cross-linguistically and lexical-conceptually driven in bilingual communication. In support of such a claim, this study provides evidence that bilinguals perform CS as a communicative strategy to make their intended meanings realized in terms of language-specific lemmas activated for the current exchange. Some typical instances of naturally occurring CS as observed in various language pairs involved in CS are described and explained at two levels of abstract lexical structure: lexical-conceptual structure and predicate-argument structure. This study offers some explanations of linguistic CS from a particular perspective and aims to explore the nature and activity of the bilingual mental lexicon during CS.
“All water has perfect memory”: deslices y disonancias en Wake de Rebecca Hall
Authors: Cortés London Odette de Siena
Published: February 2023

Agobiada por la eliminación de las historias de esclavos en Estados Unidos, Rebecca Hall propone una contranarrativa desde el formato del cómic para intervenir los registros oficiales en un acto de historiografía restaurativa en su narrativa gráfica Wake: The Hidden History of Women-led Slave Revolts (2021), ilustrada por Hugo Martínez. En este artículo propongo examinar dos aspectos que articulan la hibridación entre la autobiografía, la imaginación histórica y la historia oficial en el relato de Hall. Por un lado, estudio las disonancias entre texto e imagen como una forma de presentar dos versiones de la historia de forma simultánea. Por otro, planteo que los deslices que llevan de la ocularización del yo hacia la imaginación histórica transforman a Hall en un testigo de la historia mientras le dan una oportunidad de crear una contranarrativa restaurativa. Por medio de estos recursos, Hall elude los límites del archivo histórico para otorgarle materialidad a historias escritas en agua, pues la yuxtaposición entre el lenguaje literal, presente en la palabra escrita, y el lenguaje figurativo, en la ilustración, hacen de la narrativa gráfica un sitio de memoria en donde la autora confronta y cuestiona la historia “oficial” mientras imagina los vacíos históricos como parte de un acto restaurativo.
Deep Learning Approaches to Detect Distracted Driving Activities: A Survey
Authors: Reddy K Sudheevar , Deshmukh Kiran N , M Lokesh , RC Prathik Raj , K S Dr. Kavitha
Published: February 2023

Abstract: With increase in the use of advanced systems on vehicle dashboards such as modern infotainment systems and mobile phones, we have come to observe a proportional increase in the distraction of drivers. Distracted driving has proven to be a vital cause for most modern-day road crashes due to lane variation, and inattention on the road. Hence, efficient mechanisms to tackle this problem have to be studied and developed. So far, many attempts have been made on the identification of distracted driving in the form of computer vision techniques and ML/DL approaches. This research effort suggests numerous approaches to assess driver behaviour and identify alleged distractions, thereby offering robust solutions to reduce distracted driving-related traffic accidents.
Exogenous application of salicylic acid mitigates salt stress in rice seedlings by regulating plant water status and preventing oxidative damage
Authors: Pai Ravina , Sharma Prabhat Kumar
Published: February 2023

Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone participating in the acclimation of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, including salinity. We investigated the possible underlying mechanism of mitigating salt stress by SA using NaCl-treated rice plants sprayed twice with exogenous SA at different concentrations. SA application resulted in increased growth, relative water content, proline accumulation, the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase in NaCl-treated plants. Application of SA decreased Na+ concentration and increased K+ concentration, thus increasing the K+/Na+ ratio. The application of SA mitigated the effect of NaCl by improving plant water status, ion homeostasis and decreased oxidative damage. Foliar application of 0.5 mM SA was more effective in mitigating the salt stress while 2 mM SA was inhibitory, and the second spray of SA showed no significantly enhanced ameliorating effect over the first spray.
CTS en América Latina, «un mundo en muchos mundos»
Authors: Rubiano-Galvis Sebastián , Barandiarán Javiera
Published: February 2023

En esta entrevista a Javiera Barandiarán, Sebastián Rubiano nos permite reflexionar sobre la diversidad de epistemologías en torno a los estudios de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en América Latina. A través de una conversación abierta, Barandiarán nos comparte las características únicas del estudio sociológico e histórico de la ciencia en nuestra región, incluyendo un pasado colonial, tensiones y alianzas con los gobiernos y un extractivismo siempre presente. Esta entrevista permite observar las características del campo CTS en el contexto de los desafíos sociales, políticos y tecnológicos que comparten varios países de América Latina.
”Você tem uma ampliação muito grande do campo na América Latina, mas você tem uma visão cada vez menos crítica”
Authors: Dibbern Thais Aparecida , Velho Léa
Published: February 2023

Nesta entrevista, Léa Velho fala sobre sua trajetória profissional e sua relação com o campo dos Estudos de Ciência e Tecnologia (CTS), relata sobre suas principais influências teóricas, suas principais conquistas profissionais e suas contribuições ao campo. Através de uma série de reflexões, Velho apresenta suas percepções sobre a atuação da comunidade nacional e latino-americana do campo CTS, bem como sobre a forma como este influencia na elaboração de políticas públicas. Trata, ainda, sobre a relação estabelecida entre esta comunidade em relação às redes internacionais. Ao final, traça suas considerações sobre o futuro do campo, apresentando quais devem ser as prioridades e urgências em termos de agenda de pesquisa e de política de ciência e tecnologia.
Identifying Potential SARS-CoV-2 Protease (PLpro) Inhibitors through in silico Virtual Screening and Text Mining: An Analysis of Toxicity and Interaction Effects.
Authors: Andriolo Bruce , Silvestre Diego , Cheohen Caio , Silva Manuela Leal da
Published: February 2023

At the end of 2019 a new coronavirus surfaced in China, SARS-CoV-2,
responsible for the ongoing pandemic. There is a need for novel and
stable therapies to help patients of COVID-19. Drug repositioning is a
strategy to quickly find medicines already used to treatment to another
pathology. In this work, we used the PLpro as molecular target for it
being responsible for cleaving other viral proteins and interfering with
the immune system. In the Brazilian Pharmacopeia is described many
different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) used in Brazil and the
world. Using the in silico techniques of virtual screening, the top 44
API pass through Toxicity prediction, where 36 API prove to not be
mutagenic. Using molecular weight, distance to the protein, and
literature information 19 API go through prediction of chemical
interactions, we determine the top 6 APIs with the best chance of
interacting with the PLpro. With this result, we determine new possible
API that will be tested in vitro to determine its ability to inhibit
SARS-CoV-2’s PLpro, and could be readily made available to the infected
populous.
Effect of CaO, Al2O3, MgO supports of Ni catalysts on graphite-like carbon formation from carbon monoxide and methane
Authors: Kaporov Artem , Shtyka Oleksandr , Ciesielski Radoslaw , Kedziora Adam , Maniukiewicz Waldemar , Szynkowska-Jozwik Malgorzata , Madeniyet Yelubay , Maniecki Tomasz
Published: February 2023

The investigation of the Boudouard reaction and methane cracking was
performed over Ni/CaO, Ni/Al2O3, and Ni/MgO. The catalysts were
synthesized using co-precipitation. Both catalysts and carbon deposits
were studied using AAS, BET, TPD, TPR, TPO, TOC, and XRD. The optimal
temperatures for the graphite-like carbon species formation during the
reactions were found to be 450 and 700 °C, respectively. The results
showed that the activity of the catalytic systems is related to the
number of weakly interacted Ni particles with the support. This research
provides insight into the carbon deposit formation mechanism and the
support role in the reactions.
Evaluation the correlation between anti-spike protein IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 Prototype and different Omicron variants by ELISA and neutralization activity
Authors: Yu Xiaoling , Liu Yan , Ding Qiuyu , Qi Xiangrong , Wei Huihui , Zhang Yang , Li Peiyao , Liu Jun , Liu Yuxue , Lv Jing , Liu Hao
Published: February 2023

Evaluating the IgG titers targeting the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA
assays have been used in the development of several anti-SARS-CoV-2
vaccines in China. It is unclear whether the IgG levels against S
protein tested by ELISA can monitor immune evasion against different
Omicron variants. In the study, 88 recipients immunized with three doses
of a COVID-19-inactivated vaccine were enrolled, whose serum samples
were collected within 2 months after the third immunization. The IgG
antibody levels were detected by using three commercial ELISA kits,
which coated the S protein of the prototype, Omicron BA.1 and BA.5
variants respectively. The neutralizing activities of sera against the
pseudotyped Omicron variant, prototype was determined. We also analyzed
the correlation between the IgG titers with the neutralizing antibodies.
The results showed that, after the third dose of the homologous
inactivated vaccine, the neutralizing activity against the Omicron
variant BA.1(GMT, 60) and BA. 5(GMT, 42) were decreased significantly
compared with the prototype (GMT, 331) respectively (
P<0.05). However, the IgG titers against the S of
Omicron BA.1(GMT, 2334) and BA.5(GMT, 2447) variants showed no
significant difference with the prototype (GMT, 2797). Our results
showed different correlation levels between anti-Spike protein of
SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers and neutralizing antibodies, against SARS-CoV-2
prototype, Omicron variant BA.1 and BA.5 In summary, our result
highlight that the Omicron variant BA.1 and BA.5 escape vaccine-induced
immunity by neutralization activity test, and IgG titers against the
SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein can not predict the viral immune evasion
against different Omicron variants.
Early recognition with capnography, and successful resuscitation, of severe cardiac dysfunction during transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC) in a horse
Authors: Pye Elliot , Gozalo-Marcilla Miguel , Blissitt Karen
Published: February 2023

A 19-year-old Cob mare with atrial fibrillation (AF) presented for
transvenous electric cardioversion (TVEC). Under general anaesthesia,
three successive incremental electric shocks were given (total 750
Joules) and sinus rhythm was temporarily restored. After 13 seconds, AF
recurred so a fourth shock (300 Joules) was given and intravenous (IV)
amiodarone started. Shortly after, capnography revealed an acute drop in
the end-tidal carbon dioxide, which was followed by agonal gasping.
Echocardiography showed severe cardiac dysfunction. Successful cardiac
resuscitation consisted, amongst others, of cessation of amiodarone, and
administration of dobutamine and adrenaline. This case report highlights
the importance of capnography as a non-invasive means of cardiac output
monitoring in equine anaesthesia which definitely contributed to a
positive outcome. It also emphasises the critical importance of early
recognition and communication of complications within anaesthetic and
cardiology teams.