bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bazı Pestisit Uygulamalarından Sonra Toprakta Hedef Olmayan Nematod, Bakteri ve Mikrofungus Popülasyonlarının Değişimi
Authors: GÜVEN Ayşenur , KOÇ İbrahim
Published: June 2020

Tarımsal alanlar, insan müdahalesi ile kimyasal girdilerin olduğu önemli ekolojik ortamlardır. Bu ortamların varlığı, insanlar için önemli olduğu kadar ortamı paylaşan diğer canlılar için de önemlidir. Bu araştırma, Bitlis İli tarımsal alanlarında yaygın kullanılan Satellite 20 WP, Status 330 E, Pesos 100 EC ve Pentran 22 E pestisitlerinin hedef olmayan topraktaki nematod, aerobik mezofilik bakteri, mikrofungus popülasyonları ve toprak pH’sına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, in-vitro şartlarında tekrarlı ölçümlerde varyans analizi yöntemine göre altı tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Yapılan varyans analizlerine göre Periyot×Uygulama interaksiyonlarının sırasıyla pH, bitki paraziti ve fungivor nematodlar için önemli olduğu (P=0.007; P=0.008; P=0.000), omnivor-avcı, bakterivor ve toplam nematodlar için hem periyot (P=0.000; P=0.000; P=0.000) hem de pestisit uygulamalarının ana etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu (P=0.046; P=0.017; P=0.009) bulunmuştur. Profil analizlerine göre; pH'ın, özellikle Satellite 20 WP uygulamasında artış gösterdiği aerobik mezofilik bakteri sayısının, kontrolde artmasına karşın tüm pestisit uygulamalarında azalma gösterdiği; mikrofungus sayısının, Pesos 100 EC uygulamasında artış göstermesine karşın diğer uygulamalarda azaldığı; bitki paraziti, fungivor ve toplam nematod sayılarının tüm pestisit uygulamalarında azaldığı; omnivor-avcı ve bakterivor nematodların kısmen etkilendiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak; kullanılan pestisitlerin, dikkate alınan parametrelere göre olumlu ya da olumsuz etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Siirt İli ve Bazı İlçelerinde Mevcut Bağcılık İşletmelerinin Yapısal Özellikleri ve Tarımsal Uygulamalara Yaklaşımlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: GAZİOGLU ŞENSOY Ruhan İlknur , KISACA Gani , BAŞ Ethem Ömer , YILMAZ Yağmur
Published: June 2020

Çalışma 2019 yılı üretim döneminde, Siirt İl Merkezine ait bağcılığın yoğun yapıldığı bazı köyler ile Şirvan, Tillo ve Pervari İlçelerine ait bazı köyleri temsil eden bağcılık işletmelerinde yürütülmüş; anket kapsamında yöneltilen 37 soru ile yörenin bağcılık uygulamalarındaki mevcut durumu ve sorunları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Veriler 100 üretici ile yapılan anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında üreticilere mevcut bağcılık işletmelerinin yapısal özellikleri ve tarımsal uygulamalara yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla sorular sorulmuş; sonuçlar yüzde değer olarak ifade edilmiştir. Ankete katılan üreticilerin yaş ortalamasının 40-60 yaş aralığında olduğu, eğitim durumunun genelinde düşük olduğu, arazilerin büyük çoğunluğunun mülkiyetinin işletmeciye ait olduğu ve miras yoluyla geçtiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca anket sonuçlarına göre en yaygın yetiştiriciliği yapılan çeşidin, Yöresel Tayifi çeşidi olduğu ve üreticilerin büyük çoğunluğunun kazanç seviyelerinden memnun olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Toprak analizi yaptırma konusunda yeterli bir bilinç düzeyine ulaşılmadığı, bu nedenle bitki besleme faaliyetlerinin düzensiz yapıldığı görülmüştür. Yörede aile işletmeciliği şeklinde yürütülen bağcılık faaliyetlerinde üreticiler, kooperatif ya da birlik üyesi olmadıkları belirtmiş, üretim aşamalarında herhangi bir sorunla karşılaştıklarında, çoğunlukla diğer çiftçilere danıştıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Devlet tarafından verilen tarımsal desteklemelerden ve diğer sosyal desteklerden yararlanma seviyesi de alt seviyelerde görünmektedir. Bu araştırma ile yörede genel olarak karşılaşılan sorunlar tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve bu sorunların çözülmesine yönelik çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Çalışma, yörede anket yöntemiyle direkt olarak üreticilerden bilgi alınarak yapılmış ilk çalışma olma özelliğine sahip bulunmaktadır.
Dihaploid Kestane Kabağı (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) Çeşit Adaylarının Konya İlinde Verim ve Meyve Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: SEYMEN Musa
Published: June 2020

Kestane kabağı ülkemizde başta tatlı olmak üzere, reçel, marmelat, pasta ve turşu olarak insan beslenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Kestane kabakları yetiştirildiği bölgenin ekolojik koşullarından etkilenmekte, verim ve meyve kaliteleri önemli düzeyde değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde ticari çeşit olarak tescil edilen ve ekonomik değere sahip olan Arıcan-97 ve Balkız çeşitleri ile dihaploidizasyon tekniği ile elde edilen iki adet dihaploid kestane kabağı çeşit adayının İç Anadolu bölgesinin en geniş ovasına sahip, Konya ovasında verim ve meyve özellikleri ortaya koyularak adaptasyon yetenekleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sunulan çalışma dihaploid kestane kabağı çeşit adaylarının ticari çeşitlerle karşılaştırılarak performanslarının belirlendiği ilk çalışma özelliğindedir. Çeşit ve çeşit adaylarında verim ve meyve kalitesi ölçümlerinde önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. En yüksek verim Arıcan 97 (2350 kg/da) çeşidinden ve DH-6 (2325 kg/da) çeşit adayından elde edilmiştir. En fazla bitki başına meyve sayısı aynı çeşitlerden sırası ile 1.74 ve 1.50 adet olarak elde edilmiştir. En yüksek SÇKM ve pH DH-8 çeşit adayından elde edilirken, yapılan tat testi sonucunda ticari çeşitler daha yüksek puan almıştır. Sonuç olarak, Konya Ovasında Arıcan 97 önemli bir ticari çeşit olarak karşımıza çıksa da çeşit adayı olarak nitelendirilen DH-6 genotipi verim ve meyve kalitesi yönünden önemli sonuçlar vermiştir. Bu durumda DH-6 genotipinin Arıcan 97’ye alternatif bir çeşit olarak değerlendirilebileceği öngörülmüştür.
Sütyemez-1 Ceviz Çeşidinden Açık Tozlanma ile Elde Edilen F1 Bitkilerinin Fenolojik ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu
Authors: YILDIRIM Esra , SÜTYEMEZ Mehmet
Published: June 2020

Bu araştırma, Sütyemez-1 ceviz çeşidinden serbest tozlanma sonucu elde edilen tohumlarla çoğaltılmış genotiplerin birbirleriyle ve ana çeşit ile olan fenolojik ve genetik farklılık seviyelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Fenolojik olarak, yapraklanma ve yaprak döküm dönemleri incelenmiştir. Genetik farklılıkların belirlenmesinde ise 12 Basit Tekrarlı Diziler Arası Polimorfizm (ISSR) ve 5 Dizi İlişkili Çoğaltılmış Polimorfizm (SRAP) primeri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yapraklanma ve yaprak döküm başlangıç özellikleri yönüyle genotiplerin ana çeşide göre genelde daha geç aktif duruma geçtikleri gözlemlenmiştir. Tüm genotiplerde, yapraklanma başlangıç dönemlerinin 60 gün, yaprak döküm başlangıç dönemlerinin ise 44 gün gibi uzun bir periyoda yayıldığı belirlenmiştir. Fenolojik gözlem sonuçları üzerinden ana çeşide göre genotiplerin benzerlik seviyeleri sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapraklanma başlangıç dönemleri yönünden ana çeşide göre genotiplerin, %18’i “Çok yakın”, %12’si “Yakın”, %19’u “Orta”, %18’i “Uzak” ve %33’ü ise “Çok uzak” kategoride yer almışlardır. Yaprak döküm başlangıç dönemlerine göre ise genotiplerin; %48’inin “Çok yakın”, %20’sinin “Yakın”, %25’inin “Orta”, %3’ünün “Uzak” ve %4’ünün ise ana çeşide göre “Çok uzak” kategoride yer aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Genetik analizlerde genotiplerin birbirine benzerlik oranının %50 ile %99 arasında değiştiği ve polimorfizm oranının %93.3 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan ceviz popülasyonlarının ana bitkiye göre hem fenolojik hem de genetik olarak önemli bir çeşitliliğe sahip olduğu ve bitkisel gen kaynaklarının yönetiminde fenolojik ve moleküler verilerin birlikte kullanılmasının önemli olduğu görülmüştür.
Pendugaan Stok Ikan Kuniran (Upeneus sulphureus, Cuvier 1829) di Perairan Selat Sunda, Banten
Authors: Azizah Hikmatul , Boer Mennofatria , Butet Nurlisa A.
Published: June 2020

Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) is one of a demersal fish as the main commodity in Sunda Strait. This research aimed to assess the stocks of sulfur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) in Sunda Strait, Banten as a basic management for optimum and sustainable used. Collecting samples were conducted with Stratified Random Sampling approach in May-October 2018 at PPP Labuan, Banten. The research showed the gender ratio of sulfur goatfish was 0.92:1. The growth pattern of the males fish was negative allometric and the female was isometric. Pukat cincin was the fishing gear become the standard for other fishing gears. Stock status of sulfur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) fisheries in Sunda Strait, Banten had indicated overfishing.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Simulasi Manasik Haji Berbasis Virtual 3D
Authors: Sidiq Pajar , Mustafidah Hindayati
Published: June 2020

Haji merupakan rukun Islam yang kelima yang wajib dilaksanakan oleh seorang muslim yang telah mampu melaksanakannya. Manasik haji pada dasarnya adalah memberikan pelajaran atau informasi mengenai tata cara melaksanakan ibadah haji, sehingga tidak hanya terbatas pada calon jama’ah haji, biasanya masyarakat beragama muslim mempelajari tata cara melaksanakan ibadah haji dengan menggunakan buku-buku atau dengan cara memperagakan langsung dengan cara mensimulasikan tata cara ibadah haji sesuai dengan kondisi yang sebenarnya. Namun banyak kalangan masyarakat muslim yang enggan mendalami manasik haji, dikarenakan beberapa hal seperti tidak adanya waktu, dan kurangnya minat mempelajari dikarenakan kurang menarik dan tidak praktis. Dari hal tersebut sehingga muncul ide untuk membuat aplikasi simulasi manasik haji berbasis virtual 3D, aplikasi ini berisi tentang simulasi untuk rukun haji. Aplikasi manasik haji berbasis virtual reality ini dirancang dan dibuat dengan menggunakan software 3Ds Max dan unity 3D Game Engine. Hasil penelitian berupa aplikasi manasik haji yang dapat menampilkan simulasi virtual reality, yang meliputi simulasi tiba di bandara, Wukuf di Arafah, Mabit di Muzdalifah, Mabit di Mina, Jumrah, Tawaf, Sa’i dan simulasi Tahallul. Dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan akan terjadi peningkatan minat masyarakat dalam mempelajari tata cara pelaksanaan ibadah haji.Kata kunci : virtual reality, manasik haji, simulasi, 3D.
Aplikasi Media Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas VII SMP Gunungjati 2 Purwokerto
Authors: Purwanto Lahan Adi , Pamungkas Dimas Reynaldi Yoga
Published: June 2020

SMP Gunungjati 2 Purwokerto merupakan salah satu Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang berada di Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat, Kabupaten Banyumas. Selama ini masih menggunakan sistem pembelajaran secara semi konvensional atau dengan cara biasa, sudah menggunakan alat bantu media pembelajaran tetapi sangat jarang digunakan. Aplikasi yang dibangun ini merupakan sebuah alat bantu dalam kegiatan proses pembelajaran di kelas terutama pada Matematika. Media pembelajaran ini dapat membantu guru dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran dengan mudah dan dapat meningkatkan semangat belajar serta motivasi belajar siswa agar prestasi yang diraih menjadi lebih maksimal. Aplikasi ini dibuat menggunakan software Adobe Flash Professional CS6. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan yaitu metode Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dengan enam tahapan yaitu: konsep, perancangan, pengumpulan bahan, pembuatan, pengujian, dan distribusi.Kata kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Matematika, Adobe Flash CS6.
Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Breast Cancer: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Widyaningsih S. , Istifaraswati A.
Published: June 2020

The mental impact of cancer on patients is often severe. Patients who have been recently diagnosed with breast cancer tend to experience depression, emotional stress, disappointment, and even despair which later can damage their psychological well-being. This study aims to describe Psychological Well-being among breast cancer patients.134 breast cancer patients were recruited at the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Tugurejo Hospital Semarang city, Indonesia. The data were collected using Ryff Scale Psychological Well-being (RSPWB) questionnaire. Most of the respondents were middle-aged, married, unemployed and had been diagnosed with early stadium of breast cancer. Results showed approximately half of the total respondents (n=64%, 47.8%) experiencing low levels of psychological well-being over the entire period of the sickness. Among four subscales of psychological well-being, “positive relationship with others” subscale was reported to be very low among those respondents. However, almost two thirds of respondents perceived a higher degree of self-acceptance and life purpose while experiencing the illness. Nurses and healthcare providers need to be aware of the importance of counseling service and family/patients support group to improve the relationship of patients with others.Keywords: psychological well-being, breast cancer
Aktivitas Anti Bakteri Daun Sirih: Uji Ekstrak KHM (Kadar Hambat Minimum) dan KBM (Kadar Bakterisidal Minimum)
Authors: Fitriana Yolla Arinda Nur , Fatimah Vita Arfiana Nurul , Fitri Ardhista Shabrina
Published: June 2020

Daun sirih yang sering dijumpai di pekarangan dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri karena mengandung 4,2% minyak atsiri yang sebagian besar terdiri dari beterfenol yang merupakan isomer euganol allylpyrocatechine, cineol metil euganol, caryophyllen, karikol, kavibekol, estragol, dan terpinen. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji ekstrak daun sirih untuk mengetahui nilai KHM (Kadar Hambat Minimum) dan KBM (Kadar Bakterisidal  Minimum) terbaik menggunakan bakteri B.subtilis dan E.coli yang telah diuji sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofolksasin. Metode yang digunakan adalah dilusi dan difusi. Metode dilusi digunakan untuk mengukur KHM  dan KBM, sedangkan metode difusi digunakan untuk menentukan sensitivitas bakteri uji terhadap antibiotik. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa KHM dan KBM terbaik yang diperoleh dari ekstrak daun sirih secara berurutan yaitu 6.25% dan 50%. Sensitivitas bakteri uji B.subtilis dan E.coli yang digunakan terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol, vankomisin, dan siprofloksasin adalah suseptibel atau rentan.Kata-kata kunci: daun sirih, KHM, KBM, sensitivitas bakteri.
Implementasi Telegram Bot untuk Monitoring Mikrotik Router
Authors: Hakim Dimara Kusuma , Nugroho Septian Adi
Published: June 2020

Smartphone muncul sebagai alat praktis untuk digunakan dalam aktivitas harian dan acara besar termasuk interaksi sosial. Hal itu dikarenakan smartphone memberikan akses pengguna untuk melakukan layanan dan sumberdaya yang kuat melalui media yang kecil. Salah satu layanan yang terdapat pada Smartphone adalah adanya fasilitas instant messenger yang tentunya dapat memberikan kemudahan dalam komunikasi jarak jauh. Berbagai aplikasi instant messenger tersedia pada smartphone seperti salah satunya telegram. Di suatu instansi terkadang memiliki masalah dengan mikrotik router, terutama masalah pengawasan, sementara mikrotik router berakibat fatal jika terjadi ganguan dan admin atau teknisi yang terkadang memiliki jadwal diluar sehingga mereka membutuhkan cara cepat untuk mendapatkan informasi kondisi mikrotik router yang ada pada ruangan. Berdasaran masalah tersebut, maka dimungkinkan untuk membuat sebuah Telegram Bot untuk monitoring miktorik router. Mengingat belum adanya sebuah Telegram Bot pada untuk monitoring mikrotik router pada Cv.Infomedia Technology. Bot telegram sebagai jembatan antara mikrotik dan smartphone, mikrotik dan smartphone harus terhubung dengan koneksi internet agar dapat mengirim notifikasi ke smartphone. notifikasi dikirim dalam bentuk informasi dari mikrotik dan terintegrasi ke aplikasi telegram. Informasi yang diberikan terdiri dari konektivitas jaringan, user hotspot login atau logout dan kondisi mikrotik. Notifikasi langsung masuk ke akun telegram admin atau teknisi.Kata Kunci: Mikrotik Router, Telegram, Telegram bot.
Academic fraud and motivation of modern universities students’ educational activities
Authors: Spasennikov Valeriy , Androsov Kiril
Published: June 2020

A review of domestic and foreign publications related to the analysis and classification of various forms of plagiarism and academic fraud in order to prevent them was carried out. The results of an empirical study of students ' attitude to plagiarism and an analysis of their motivation for educational activities are presented. Conclusions are made in accordance with the main content areas of the analysis and prospects for further research are outlined.
Methodology for building a modern system methods of training in the preparation process pedagogical staff
Authors: Semenova Irina
Published: June 2020

The study of the use of paradigmatic approach in constructing the system of teaching methods of professional education article for the "Modern" educational paradigm describes the characteristics of the system of methods of training of students of pedagogical specialties (as well as teachers at the higher Institute of training), with the property structural and didactic completeness.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA TANJUNG KEC KOTO KAMPAR HULU KAB KAMPAR MELALUI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DARI AMPAS KEMPAAN DAUN GAMBIR
Authors: Wulantika Trisia , Mutryarny Enny , Lidar Seprita
Published: June 2020

Gambir (Uncaria gambir Hunter Roxb) merupakan salah satu komoditi pertanian yang penting, karena mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Provinsi Riau termasuk penghasil gambir dimana Kecamatan yang memiliki perkebunan gambir paling luas adalah Kecamatan Koto Kampar Hulu Kabupaten Kampar seluas   4.104   Hektar. Petani gambir saat ini belum memanfaatkan secara optimal ampas kempaan  daun  gambir, padahal ampas kempaan daun gambir dapat diolah menjadi pupuk kompos. Pemahaman tentang pembuatan kompos dari ampas kempaan daun gambir di Desa Tanjung masih sangat minim begitu juga dengan pengetahuan tentang penggunaan pupuk yang mudah, murah dan ramah lingkungan serta kurangnya ketrampilan dalam pembuatan pupuk organik (kompos). Terkait dengan permasalahan tersebut penulis ingin memberikan pemahaman tentang pengolahan ampas kempaan daun gambir, Memberikan ilmu dan pengetahuan tentang pupuk alami yang mudah dibuat, murah dan ramah lingkungan, Memberikan keterampilan dalam pembuatan pupuk organik (kompos) khususnya dari ampas kempaan daun gambir. Pemanfaatan  ampas kempaan  daun  gambir  menjadi produk yang  bernilai tinggi yaitu  pupuk  organik (kompos).  Diharapkan teknologi ini dapat meningkatkan produksi gambir dan usaha dalam rangka peningkatan ekonomi petani gambir ataupun pengguna teknologi di Desa Tanjung, Kec.Koto Kampar Hulu, Kab. Kampar.

Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan antara lain penyuluhan pengelolaan ampas kempaan daun gambir, pelatihan    pembuatan kompos, pemberian paket teknologi  dan evaluasi.
EFEK KONSENTRASI DAN WAKTU APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon aristatus)
Authors: Saputra Detri , Sukarjo Entang Inoriah , Masdar Masdar
Published: June 2020

[EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION AND APPLICATION TIME OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER LIQUID BANANA PEELS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF JAVA TEA (Orthosiphon aristatus)]. Java tea are medicinal plants that have many health benefits but java tea production is very low. Efforts are made to increase the growth and yield of java tea, namely the use of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) banana peels. This study aims to obtain concentration, application time of LOF banana peels, and interactions between the two that produce high growth and yield of java tea. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019 in the city of Bengkulu. The experiments were arranged based on a completely randomized design factorial pattern. The first factor is the LOF concentration of banana peels 25 mL/L, 50 mL/L, 75 mL/L, and 100 mL/L. The second factor is the time of LOF application which consists of 1 week application, 2 weeks application, and 3 weeks application. The results showed that independently giving concentration and application time and interaction did not significantly influence the variable thickness of leaves, total leaf area, shoot length, number of leaves, fresh plant weight, root length, and dry plant weight.
STIMULASI PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TEH (Camellia sinensis) DENGAN PEMBERIAN URIN SAPI DAN PENGGUNAAN BAHAN STEK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Fatmala Noni , Hermansyah Hermansyah , Marlin Marlin
Published: June 2020

[STIMULATION EFFECTS OF BIOURINE CONCENTRATION AND THE STEM SEGMENT OF CUTTINGS ON  GROWTH OF TEA (Camellia sinensis) SEEDLINGS]. Tea seedlings can be prepared by the stem segment cutting and provide treatment to stimulate the growth of cuttings. This study aims to determine the optimal tea seedlings growth from different material of stem segment and biourine concentration. The experiment was conducted in February to June 2020 at PT. Sarana Mandiri Mukti Kelurahan Tangsi Baru, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. This research uses factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor, biourine concentration consisting of 5 levels including 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. The second factor, the stem segment of cuttings consisting of 3, 4, and 5 segments. The treatment was repeated 3 times, with 5 plants sample in each treatment. There was totally  225 plants. The results showed that biourine concentration of 100% has significantly different from the variable roots number and root length. The stem segment of the tea cuttings has no significantly difference  effect on all variables. The interaction between biourine concentration and stem segment of the tea cuttings has significantly different in variables of shoot length and seedlings fresh weight. The optimum growth of tea seedling was obtained in stem cutting of 3 segment and application of biourine concentration of 100%.
Theory of Inhomogeneous Short Range Order and Calphad Modeling. Part 5. Extended Formalism
Authors: Kremer Edward
Published: June 2020

Formalism of Theory of Inhomogeneous Short Range Order is extended to in-clude systems with multiple components and multiple sublatices.The generalization is achieved in agreement with the basic formal structure ofthe theory and is in many respects seamless.The extended formalism is expected to increase significantly the area of appli-cability of theory.
Our universe is a state machine built of elementary particles; strong electric currents in the human neural network cause the illusion of free will.
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: June 2020

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. First-order change is the change of the state which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. The first-order change is computed out (first-order computation) based on physical laws. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation. When a control system automatically plans for what it shall do, (as a workaround to deal with the unpredictability of what itself will actually do,) it unintentionally maps the real world and its model illogically, and the way it works is defined to be the first-person perspective. Mixing up the real world and its model conceptually, and using the illogically mapped model unintentionally, jointly lead to the illusion of free will.
Administrasi tata usaha
Authors: Rahmawati Maulidina
Published: June 2020

This article explains about the administration of a school. administration is a part of the school that functions as a support for teaching and learning activities so that it runs smoothly according to what has been planned and can be achieved as desired. This article also explains how the teacher's role as an educator in the administration of administration and how to lay out an office or school in a blind. The purpose of this article is to explain how the administration of administration in schools or offices so that educational goals can be achieved effectively.
Temporal discounting when outcomes are experienced in the moment: Validation of a novel paradigm and comparison with a classic hypothetical intertemporal choice task
Authors: Patt Virginie , Hunsberger Renee , Jones Dominoe A. , Keane Margaret , Verfaellie Mieke
Published: June 2020

When faced with intertemporal choices, people typically devalue rewards available in the future compared to rewards more immediately available, a phenomenon known as temporal discounting. Decisions involving intertemporal choices arise daily, with critical impact on health and financial wellbeing. Although many such decisions are “experiential” in that they involve delays and rewards that are experienced in real-time and can inform subsequent choices, most studies have focused on intertemporal choices with hypothetical outcomes (or outcomes delivered after all decisions are made). The present study focused on experiential intertemporal choices. First, a novel intertemporal choice task was developed and validated, using delays experienced in real time and artistic photographs as consumable perceptual rewards. Second, performance on the experiential task was compared to performance on a classic intertemporal choice task with hypothetical outcomes. Involvement of distinct processes across tasks was probed by examining differential relations to state and trait anxiety. A two-parameter logistic function framework was proposed to fit indifference point data. This approach accounts for individual variability not only in the delay at which an individual switches from choosing the delayed to more immediate option, but also in the slope of that switch. Fit results indicated that the experiential task elicited temporal discounting, with effective trade-off between delay and perceptual reward. Comparison with the hypothetical intertemporal choice task suggested distinct mechanisms: first, temporal discounting across the two tasks was not correlated; and second, state and trait anxiety both were associated with choice behavior in the experiential task, albeit in distinct ways, whereas neither was significantly associated with choice behavior in the hypothetical task. The engagement of different processes in the experiential compared to hypothetical task may align with neural evidence for the recruitment of the hippocampus in animal but not in classic human intertemporal choice studies.
MOBILE WELL-BEING IN PREGNANCY: SUGGESTIONS FROM A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL CONTROLLED STUDY
Authors: Carissoli Claudia , Gasparri Deborah , Riva Giuseppe , Villani Daniela
Published: June 2020

“BenEssere Mamma” app, is a mobile self-help intervention containing mindfulness meditations and “savoring the present moment” exercises for use during pregnancy. The goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of this app in enhancing the psychological well-being of healthy childbearing women. A quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted with 74 pregnant women randomly assigned to experimental group (APP - mobile app and antenatal care) or control group (routine antenatal care). Participants were assessed on their psychological well-being before, after the four weeks of use of the app, and during the first three months after the birth of the child, using Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scale. Women’s acceptance and user experience with the app were also assessed through an ad hoc questionnaire. Experimental group reported an increase in sense of autonomy after intervention and after childbirth, and greater self-acceptance after the childbirth compared to the control group. These results suggest that a self-help mobile intervention can be effective for enhancing women’s psychological well-being. Future researches are needed to understand if a more interactive content or a longer intervention could achieve more effective results and if other populations could take advantage of this opportunity.
The Psychological Scaffolding of Arithmetic
Authors: Grice Matt , Kemp Simon , Morton Nicola J. , Grace Randolph C
Published: June 2020

Where does arithmetic come from, and why are addition and multiplication its fundamental operations? Although we know that arithmetic is true, no explanation that meets standards of scientific rigor is available from philosophy, mathematical logic, or the cognitive sciences. We propose a new approach based on the assumption that arithmetic has a biological origin: Many examples of adaptive behavior such as spatial navigation suggest that organisms can perform arithmetic-like operations on represented magnitudes. If so, these operations – non-symbolic precursors of addition and multiplication – might be optimal due to evolution and thus identifiable according to an appropriate criterion. We frame this as a meta-mathematical question, and using an order-theoretic criterion, prove that four qualitative conditions – monotonicity, convexity, continuity, and isomorphism – are sufficient to identify addition and multiplication over the real numbers uniquely from the uncountably infinite class of possible operations. Our results show that numbers and algebraic structure emerge from purely qualitative conditions, and as a construction of arithmetic, provide a rigorous explanation for why addition and multiplication are its fundamental operations. We argue that these conditions are pre-verbal psychological intuitions or principles of perceptual organization that are biologically based and shape how humans and nonhumans alike perceive the world. This is a Kantian view, and suggests that arithmetic need not be regarded as an immutable truth of the universe, but rather as a natural consequence of our perception. Algebraic structure may be inherent in the representations of the world formed by our perceptual system.
Parents' view: Unique parental perspective on adolescents' personality and prediction of academic achievement
Authors: Meier-Faust Emilija , Watermann Rainer
Published: June 2020

The Big Five have been shown to incrementally predict academic achievement even after controlling for intelligence and self-concept. Little is known, however, about the incremental validity of different perspectives on personality. To fill this gap, the present study examined self- and parental reports on the Big Five of adolescents (N = 5,236) using latent multitrait-multimethod models regarding the lower bound of congruence. Results revealed substantial deviations between perspectives on Openness, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism as well as higher agreement of ratings of Conscientiousness and Extraversion. Furthermore, the parental perspective on Openness was a positive predictor of level and change in grades as well as competences, over and above trait effects. Parental reports on Extraversion, on the other hand, negatively predicted level and change in grades and competences above trait effects. These findings illustrate the importance of multi-rater data on adolescent personality and demonstrate the use of analyzing the parental perspective in depth. Going further, large-scale studies can benefit from incorporating self- and parent questionnaires on the Big Five as information sources to help elucidate interindividual differences in academic achievement.
Intergenerational contacts and Covid-19 spread: Omnipresent grannies or bowling together?
Authors: Albertini Marco , Sage Lucas , Scherer Stefani
Published: June 2020

Many scientists are currently contributing research on SARS-CoV2, with social scientists focusing on demographic and behavioral aspects when it comes to the diffusion of the virus. Recent publications include valid contributions about the importance of population’s demographic composition to understand country-differences in fatalities, and some speculations about the origins of different pace and patterns of diffusion. Among them the idea that intergenerational contacts would contribute to explain the fast spread and high fatality among the elderly population in some countries. We argument that in order to contribute to the scientific knowledge speculation is not enough and acknowledge that in the absence of solid, comparable data it is difficult to bring these ideas to an empirical test. Further, we present a simulation experiment shedding serious doubts on the importance of intergenerational contacts to spread the virus on the elderly population but underlining, instead, the importance of the high connectedness within the elderly population. That southern Europeans are not bowling alone seems to be more relevant to explain high diffusion among elderly than their contact to their (grand-)children.
Evoked Potentials and GCP Event Data
Authors: Nelson Roger D.
Published: June 2020

Evoked potentials (EP) are measured in time-locked synchronization with repetitions of the same stimulus. The electrical measure in raw form is extremely noisy, reflecting not only responses to the imposed stimulus but also a large amount of normal, but unrelated activity. In the raw data no structure related to the stimulus is apparent, so the process is repeated many times, yielding multiple epochs that can be averaged. Such “signal averaging” reduces or washes out random fluctuations while structured variation linked to the stimulus builds up over multiple samples. The resulting pattern usually shows a large excursion preceded and followed by smaller deviations with a typical time-course relative to the stimulus.The Global Consciousness Project (GCP) maintains a network of random number generators (RNG) running constantly at about 60 locations around the world, sending streams of 200-bit trials generated each second to be archived as parallel random sequences. Standard processing for most analyses computes a network variance measure for each second across the parallel data streams. This is the raw data used to calculate a figure of merit for each formal test of the GCP hypothesis: we predict non-random structure in data taken during “global events” that engage the attention of large numbers of people. The data are combined across all seconds of the event to give a representative Z-score, and typically displayed graphically as a cumulative deviation from expectation showing the history of the data sequence. For the present work, we treat the raw data in the same way measured electrical potentials from the brain are processed to reveal temporal patterns. In both cases the signal to noise ratio is very small, requiring signal averaging to reveal structure in what otherwise appears to be random data.Applying this model to analyze GCP data from events that show significant departures from expectation, we find patterns that look like those found in EP work. While this assessment is limited to visual comparisons, the degree of similarity is striking. It suggests that human brain activity in response to stimuli may be a useful model to guide further research addressing th
The Discovery of an American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Remote Viewing Including a Comparison with Electronic Remote Sensing
Authors: Schwartz Stephan Andrew
Published: June 2020

In the fall of 1987 Mobius began fieldwork, under a license from the Bahamian Government, to carry out an archaeological survey in an area of the Grand Bahama Banks encompassing some 579.15 square miles  (1500 sq. km).  This report compares the Remote Viewing, electronic remote sensing, and visual search process used to locate the wreck site of a previously undiscovered armed American merchantman believed to be the Brig Leander, which was found in a sub-section of the License Area known as Consensus Zone C; an area of 11.81 sq. miles (30.59 sq. km) of water.  It concludes that Remote Viewing was the source of information which led to the site’s location, and that electronic remote sensing was not useful in this instance. Leander was under the Command of Captain William Johnson when she sank for unknown reasons near Beaks Cay on  6 April 1834,  while returning from Manzanilla, Cuba to her homeport in Boston, Massachusetts.  In addition to location information, a total of 193 conceptual descriptive concepts concerning the site were proffered by twelve Remote Viewers.  Of this, 148 concepts, or 75% of the total, could be evaluated through direct field observations, or historical research.  An evaluation of this material reveals 84% Correct, 12% Partially Correct, 4% Incorrect.  There is little accuracy variation across the sequence of material from the Los Angeles interviews (84% Corr., 13% Part. Co                                 rr. ,3% Incorr.), to the on-site data (81% Corr., 11% Part. Corr., 8% Incorr.). Approximately 300 notable wrecks went down, not just in the License Area but across the entire Banks, from 1500 to 1876 as determined by a thorough search of historical records and archival material in the U.S., the U.K., Spain and the Bahamas.  To make a conservative assessment of this location occurring by chance, assume the wrecks are evenly distributed not throughout the Banks, but only within the License Area.  That said, we should expect to see 6.12 boats in Consensus Zone C (11.81/579.15 x 300 =6.12). The brig site is 5000 square feet (464.5 sq. m), equaling 0.00018 of a square mile.  Within Consensus Zone C  65,849 sites of this size could be placed, thus yielding a grid of 65,849 cells..  If the probability of selecting this particular cell in the grid by chance exceeds p≥ 0.05 then Remote Viewing can be considered a determinative factor.  The probability of finding this one 5,000 square feet area is then 6.12/65,849 = p 0.00009, which strongly suggests that chance is not an explanation for the location of Leander.History: “The Discovery of an American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Archaeological Remote Viewing,” Parapsychological Association Conference 1988. Also, The Discovery of an American Brig:  Fieldwork Involving Applied Archaeological Remote Viewing, Including a Comparison with Electronic Remote Sensing,” Conference on Underwater Archaeology/Society of Historic Archaeology Annual Meetings.  1989.
Anthropology and Cryptozoology: Exploring Encounters with Mysterious Creatures edited by Samantha Hurn and Chris Wilbert (in the series Multispecies Encounters)
Authors: Mayer Gerhard A.
Published: June 2020

Show me a Sasquatch body. (Michael Shermer, 2009, p. 35)

Anthropology and anatomy professor Jeff Meldrum gave a lecture at the 2016 PA/SSE conference entitled “Sasquatch and Other Wildmen: The Search for Relict Hominoids” (Meldrum, 2016). As one of the few established academics interested in cryptozoological topics, he spoke about footprints of different provenance, their evaluation and anatomical classification. He mentioned the reactions of his colleagues to this field of research and the placement of his books in bookstores for economic reasons—booksellers put them on the esoteric shelves, where sales are expected to be higher for such topics. With reference to the skeptic Michael Shermer, he says the attitude of his colleagues toward the subject area of cryptozoology can be characterized by the sentence “The science starts once you have a body.”This aptly shows the problematic situation in which cryptozoology finds itself. The first sentence of the article “Cryptozoology” in the English Wikipedia asserts: “Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that aims to prove the existence of entities from the folklore record, such as Bigfoot, the chupacabra, or Mokele-mbembe.”1 As is often the case with anomalies research, a general judgment is made about the field of research and the people who are actively interested in it. Without a discriminating perspective, critics equate the former with the latter (“pseudoscience and subculture”). The volume Anthropology and Cryptozoology: Exploring Encounters with Mysterious Creatures shows that there are other ways to look at this field. This high-priced book, edited by anthropologist Samantha Hurn, was published in 2017 by the scientific publisher Routledge. The combination of anthropology and cryptozoology in its title shows a shift in academic approach to this topic from zoology and biological anthropology to ethnology and social sciences, evidenced in the book blurb:

Cryptozoology is best understood as the study of animals which, in the eyes of Western science, are extinct, unclassified, or unrecognised. In consequence, and in part because of its selective methods and lack of epistemological rigour, cryptozoology is often dismissed as a pseudo-science. However, there is a growing recognition that social science can benefit from engaging with it, for as social scientists are very well aware, ‘scientific’ categorisation and explanation represents just one of myriad systems used by humans to enable them to classify and make sense of the world around them.
АУТСОРСИНГ В АРХІВНІЙ СПРАВІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Свердлик Зоряна , Настенко Лариса
Published: June 2020

У статті розглянуто питання надання архівних послугнедержавними архівними організаціями. Відповідно до метидослідження, автори проаналізували проблеми нормативно-правового забезпечення і сучасний стан ринку архівногоаутсорсингу в Україні. Акцентовано увагу, що в сучаснійнормативно-правовій базі з архівної справи та діловодстванемає поняття аутсорсингу архівних послуг. Чинні нормативнідокументи не містять конкретних рекомендацій щодоархівного зберігання документів для підприємств, на яких непередбачено архівних підрозділів. На думку авторів, послугиархівного аутсорсингу можна оформити, уклавши один із видівцивільно-правових договорів (про надання послуг, виконанняробіт (підряд) або змішаний договір). Проаналізовано архівні послуги спеціальних архівних компаній, які функціонують натериторії України. Зокрема наведено статистичні даніпропозицій архівних послуг за даними бізнес-порталу All.biz.Представлені на ринку України послуги архівного аутсорсингуавтори пропонують виокремити в кілька груп: надання послугаутсорсингу на етапі організації діловодства, послуги зпідготовки документів до архівного зберігання, послугиархівного зберігання документів підприємства та електронніархівні послуги. За результатами аналізу довідкових даних пронедержавні архівні організації, виділено три компанії, якіпропонують юридичним особам не тільки широкий спектрархівних послуг, а й найбільш повно висвітлюють інформаціюпро свою роботу, мають повноцінний веб-сайт: «ТАСУкраїна», «ОСГ Рекордз Менеджмент» та «Українськаархівна компанія». На думку авторів, використанняаутсорсингу в архівній справі має як переваги, так і недоліки,відтак максимальна вигода від аутсорсингу можлива тількиза налагодженої системи діловодства в самій організації таправильній взаємодії служби діловодства або архіву установиз організацією-аутсорсером.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ МЕТОДІВ АНАЛІЗУ ДОКУМЕНТНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ
Authors: Січкаренко Галина
Published: June 2020

У статті розглядається специфіка аналізу документівяк методу документознавчих досліджень. Відомо, що вченням про метод виступає філософська методологія, проте жодназ існуючих методологій не може пропонувати абсолютногопізнавального інструментарію. Кожна з них стаєпродуктивною в межах конкретної галузі знань, мети тазавдань дослідження. Спираючись на загальнонаукові,міждисциплінарні методи, кожна наука, навчальна дисциплінарозробляє, застосовує власні методи, або вносить корективив ті, що використовують інші науки. Документознавство, якмолода наука, потребує подальшого відпрацювання відповідноїметодології документознавчих досліджень.Метою статті є звернення уваги документознавців нарозроблені соціогуманітарними науками, перш за всесоціологією, основні вимоги та правила застосування методіваналізу документів, а саме: класичних, або традиційних іформалізованого методу – контент-аналізу. Це дозволитьякщо не уникнути, то врахувати можливі помилки вдокументознавчих дослідженнях при збиранні й інтерпретаціїотриманого емпіричного матеріалу.Визначається, що у процесі становлення та розвиткуциклу документознавчих дисциплін усе більш повнішим ірізноманітнішим має ставати арсенал їх методівдослідження. Цьому сприятиме тісний зв’язокдокументознавства зі спорідненими науками та навчальнимидисциплінами. Саме це визначатиме подальший розвиток івдосконалення його наукового інструментарію. Необхідністьвизначення «документознавчих методів» виникає в тому разі,коли практична документознавча діяльність розглядається якрізновид науково-пізнавальної діяльності. Найбільшнаближеними до документознавчих методів, які маютьшироко застосовуватись під час досліджень, з нашої точкизору, поряд з методами історичного джерелознавства,виступають якісні та кількісні методи аналізу документів, якізастосовують соціологи та журналісти, зокрема, контент-аналіз. Знання про переваги та вади розглянутих методівсприятимуть підвищенню якості документознавчихдосліджень.
ІМПЕРАТИВ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ПОСЛУГ ПОШТОВОГО ЗВ’ЯЗКУ
Authors: Говоровський Андрій
Published: June 2020

Складовою частиною статті є з’ясування ефективностіта якості надання послуг поштового зв’язку України, як однієїіз невід’ємних потреб держави і споживачів, на задоволенняяких спрямована діяльність галузі.Визначено характер зовнішніх факторів, а такожтрансформації, що відбуваються у швидко мінливомусередовищі та відзначаючи необхідність поширення тавдосконалення комунікативної функції в суспільстві, поштовийзв’язок сьогодні є більш актуальним, ніж коли-небудь. Черезпостійний швидкий розвиток поштова галузь усвідомлюєнеобхідність адаптації до інновацій, та є одним з тихвизначальних чинників прогресу, що сприяють підвищеннюдобробуту громадян їх інтелектуального, технологічного тадуховного зростання.Проаналізовано передумови та визначальні чинникивпливу інформаційних технологій через призму історичнихподій, завдяки яким відбулись значні зміни поштової системи.На основі комплексного аналізу висвітлено основні факторивпливу на розвиток та трансформацію поштової галузіУкраїни, що призвели до докорінних перетворень. Вивченовплив зовнішніх факторів на діяльність поштового зв’язку усучасному інформаційному просторі, які мають значний впливна економічне і соціальне формування майбутньої діяльностіпоштового зв’язку України. Висвітлено потужний факторвпливу на трансформацію і формування майбутньої поштовоїіндустрії. Що стосується процесу надання послуг та процесутрансформації через активне використання інформаційнихтехнологій, що призвело до значного підвищення якостінадання послуг поштового зв’язку.Комплексний аналіз допоміг з’ясувати в повному обсязіпроцес розвитку та надання послуг поштового зв’язку Українив умовах впровадження інформаційних технологій, а такожпід кутом інформатизації розглянуто особливості йогохарактерного історико-культурного осередку, що значноюмірою визначає головні тенденції та особливості організаціїпоштової справи в умовах впровадження інформаційнихтехнологій.соціально-економічного і суспільного становища, як