bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portrayal of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Young Adult Literature
Authors: Black Rhonda S , Tsumoto Courtney A.
Published: October 2020

Characters with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have become increasingly popular in young adult literature. Using a case-study format, this article describes the communication, sensory, and social characteristics of eight protagonists in award-winning young adult novels. All told in the first person, these novels provide insight for young readers regarding what youth with ASD experience. General findings reveal that youth with ASD are portrayed as quirky geniuses, who are sensitive to sounds and light, and are thrown off by changes in routine or in the environment. Misunderstanding idioms is used as comic relief, as are the characters’ social faux pas. The characters do not represent the full range of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, especially those who also have cognitive and language impairments. However, the novels do portray sensory sensitivity well from a first-person perspective. Overall, the novels provide positive images that may challenge ableist attitudes and promote peer acceptance.
The Supporting Effective Teaching Project: 1. Factors Influencing Student Success in Inclusive Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Jordan Anne
Published: October 2020

The Supporting Effective Teaching project commenced in the early 1990s with studies of how classroom teachers work with students with special educational needs included in their elementary classrooms. Over the ensuing 20 years, the project team prepared and tested a model of the factors that influence student outcomes in inclusive classrooms, with emphasis on the beliefs and practices of regular elementary classroom teachers and on their sense of responsibility for meeting the diverse learning needs of their students. This article provides an overview of the SET project to show how the model evolved and to bring together the findings that were published previously. It takes a different tack from previous papers in that it begins at the most surprising outcome, the importance of teaching practices. Arguably the most significant empirical finding from the project is that teachers who believe it is their responsibility to include students with special education needs are more effective practitioners for all their students. The article then traces the factors that contribute to this finding: quality of instruction, teacher beliefs about ability and disability, teacher beliefs about learning and instruction, and school context. The purpose is to present a comprehensive review of the project findings in the context of recently published research on inclusion.
Parental Differential Treatment in Families with a Child with a Developmental Disability
Authors: Truchon Marie-Michele , Howe Nina
Published: October 2020

Using distributive justice theory as a framework, the purpose of the present mixed methods study was to determine whether parental differential treatment was present and if so, to what degree, in families of children with a developmental disability. Moreover, if present, we examined to what extent parental differential treatment impacted family dynamics. One bilingual (i.e., French-English) family and eight French-speaking families, which were all middle-class families, participated. Mothers, fathers, and siblings who are typically developing were individually questioned during semi-structured interviews and completed the Sibling Inventory of Differential Experiences—Revised questionnaire. Children also completed the Perceived Fairness of Parental Differential Treatment measure. All quantitative data generated by the questionnaires were analyzed descriptively using the SPSS program, whereas interviews were coded using qualitative methods. Specifically, in vivo and axial-thematic coding of the interview data revealed that, according to both parents and children, the degree of parental differential treatment varied across families of children with developmental disabilities; yet, differential treatment was often justified and perceived as necessary by parents and children. These findings provided an overview of struggles and blissful moments that families of children with developmental disabilities may encounter on a daily basis. Implications for practitioners and policy are discussed.
Parents’ Experiences with an Individualized Intervention Designed to Strengthen the Family–School Partnership: The Parents in Partnership with Educators (PIPE) Program
Authors: Cadieux Courtney , Crooks Claire , King Colin
Published: October 2020

Mental health challenges are common among children, and can interfere with learning and adjustment to school. Although early intervention is crucial and the family–school partnership plays an integral role in the development and implementation of individual education plans (IEPs), there are few supports to assist families in navigating this partnership. This study describes the experiences of parents who participated in the Parents in Partnership with Educators (PIPE) program, an individualized intervention for families who are struggling to communicate and problemsolve with schools around the mental health needs of their children. File review and semi-structured interviews were conducted for ten families. Results indicated that the program gave parents unconditional support and guidance, as well as new skills to help them communicate their perspective in a meaningful way. Parents reported feeling empowered, informed, and prepared to advocate for their children.
Inclusive Education as Exclusive Practice: One Parent’s Experience Advocating for Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Within the School System
Authors: Opini Bathseba
Published: October 2020

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a significant cause of cognitive and developmental disability among children in Canada, with accompanying lifelong risks to independent living. Previous studies have called for improved home–school collaboration to support children with FASD, but barriers remain for parents seeking collaborative involvement. Using a narrative approach, this article presents one parent’s experiences advocating for children with FASD within a school system in central Canada. Emerging narrative themes were schools’ lack of knowledge and awareness of FASD, the difficulty of choosing a school or program, and the importance of listening to parents and families. Within the context of previous findings, this parent’s narrative confirms and makes urgent key areas of need for improved support of children with FASD. These include improved training for teachers and administrators, flexible accommodations including specialized environments when needed, and above all an active commitment to trusting collaborations and encouragement of parental involvement.
The Role of Quality ECE in Facilitating Mental Health and Well-Being in Children
Authors: Penney Sharon , Young Gabrielle , Butler Emily , Maich Kimberly , Philpott David
Published: October 2020

This article explores trends and statistics specific to the mental health status of children from both the Canadian and the global contexts to inform a conversation on the environmental conditions and experiences that impact the mental health of young children. The research described here focused on the intersection between mental health and early child education (ECE), along with the educational and professional development experiences of early childhood educators, in an attempt to identify mitigating factors that can ensure social-emotional development in children. The article argues that while ECE can help the social-emotional development of young children, there needs to be a focus on ensuring quality of experience with explicit social-emotional learning outcomes, delivered by highly educated professionals. It concludes with a call to focus on the mental health of young children, early child educators, and the critical importance of healthy relationships in the lives of these children.
Transitioning Work of Families
Authors: Underwood Kathryn , Frankel Elaine , Parekh Gillian , Janus Magdalena
Published: October 2020

This study examines transitions to school from the standpoint of the work of families. We identify systemic differences constructed through state responses to childhood disability. Based on data from a longitudinal institutional ethnography conducted in Ontario, Canada, these differences illuminate the ways in which ability and disability are constructed in early childhood, and how these constructs are reinforced through procedures, policies, and documentation. Ultimately, we identify five key phenomena in the study: implicit messages of exclusion, the work of families, the supremacy of labels, a fallacy of choice, and the flexibility of institutions to adapt for children. These findings are taken up in the context of broader discourses of school readiness and transition to school with the intention of expanding our conversation about transitions.
Rethinking the Familiar: It Is Not About Changing Our Actions, It Is About Changing Our Thinking
Authors: Bennett Sheila
Published: October 2020

This work has as its central theme a discussion of the “truth” of inclusion. Through our beliefs and actions we set a pathway for students in our schools. As educators and leaders we choose paths that can encourage or stifle access and opportunity for all students. Regardless of the path taken inclusion as a fundamental truth still exists and challenges us to explore what we bring to this educational endeavour. Given as a talk in June 2019 at the conference, Exploring Intersectionalities for Leadership and School Inclusion (Vancouver, BC), this work pushes us to examine who we are as individuals and community members within the framework of inclusive education.
Collaborating for Inclusion: The Intersecting Roles of Teachers, Teacher Education, and School Leaders in Translating Research into Practice
Authors: McGhie-Richmond Donna , Haider Fizza
Published: October 2020

Despite empirical research pointing toward the positive impact of an inclusive instructional approach and practices on all students’ learning and social participation, educators and schools lag in adopting these approaches and strategies. For the purpose of knowledge mobilization, it is important to examine the factors that influence this research-to-practice gap. With this aim, we first outline the significant role of teachers and teacher education in implementing inclusive practices. We then synthesize findings from previous literature identifying both individual and contextual, system-level influences that impede the implementation of evidence-based inclusive practices by teachers. We emphasize the prominent role of school leaders in removing some of these barriers by supporting teachers and collaborating with key stakeholders. Further research is needed to explore the complex, interrelated factors that foster collaboration among school leaders, teachers, and teacher education programs in order to advance the development of truly inclusive education systems.
Making the Unknown or Invisible Accessible: The Collaborative Development of Inclusion-Focused Open-Access Case Studies for Principals and Other School Leaders
Authors: Maich Kimberly , Sider Steve , Morvan Jhonel , Smith Déirdre
Published: October 2020

Gaps between research and practice exist in the field of inclusive and special education, especially around school-based leadership (e.g., principals). Research-based case studies are a way to teach and learn about disability, especially stigmatized issues such invisible disability (e.g,. intellectual disability), which may be complex with multiple stakeholders, yet difficult to access. This article reviews the collaborative process of developing and disseminating authentic case studies built on lived experiences of school principals as an example of bridging the gap between research and practice with multiple, engaging knowledge mobilization activities. Future knowledge mobilization activities, such as the development of interactive, online case-based based learning around inclusive classrooms and schools, are discussed.
La reducción de la jornada laboral desde la perspectiva marxista: un análisis de la UE
Authors: Briñas Barba Álvaro
Published: October 2020

El aumento de la productividad acaecido desde la aparición del sistema capitalista ha permitido que los trabajadores sean capaces de producir la misma cantidad de mercancías en un cada vez menor tiempo necesario. Sin embargo, durante los siglos XX y XXI, este hecho no ha tenido consecuencias sobre el tiempo de trabajo dedicado por la clase asalariada, que, desde finales del siglo XIX, cuando se implantó la jornada laboral de ocho horas, no se ha modificado. El aumento de la productividad, por tanto, podría haber dado lugar a una reducción de la jornada laboral, de tal forma que los trabajadores disfrutaran de un mayor tiempo de ocio. No obstante, esto no ha sucedido debido a que la clase capitalista se ha apropiado de la mayor parte de las ganancias de productividad. En este trabajo, utilizando las bases de la teoría marxista, analizaremos las consecuencias que el aumento de la productividad ha causado sobre la clase capitalista y la clase asalariada, así como los efectos que una reducción de la jornada laboral tendría sobre ambos. Para contrastarlo de forma empírica, se analiza el comportamiento que en este sentido han experimentado cinco economías de la Unión Europea, si bien también se plantean los efectos que una reducción de la jornada laboral tendría en ellas.
Tracing normiefication
Authors: De Zeeuw Daniel , Hagen Sal , Peeters Stijn , Jokubauskaite Emilija
Published: October 2020

This article presents a cross-platform analysis of the QAnon conspiracy theory that was popularized online from 2017 onward. It theorizes its diffusion as one of normiefication: a term drawing from Web vernacular indicating how ideas and objects travel from fringe online subcultures to large audiences on mainstream platforms and news outlets. It finds that QAnon had a clear incubation period on 4chan/pol/ after which it quickly migrated to larger platforms, notably YouTube and Reddit. News media started covering the online phenomenon only when it moved off-line, which in turn briefly amplified engagement on the other platforms. Through these data-driven insights, we aim to demonstrate how this cross-platform approach can be replicated and thus help make sense of the complexity of contemporary media ecologies and their role in the diffusion of conspiracy theories as well as other forms of mis- and disinformation.
The occurrence of eleven elements in dairy cow´s milk, feed, and soil from three different regions of Slovakia
Authors: Toman Róbert , Pšenková Martina , Tančin Vladimír
Published: October 2020

The objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of eleven essential, potentially toxic and toxic elements (arsenic – As, calcium – Ca, cadmium – Cd, copper – Cu, iron – Fe, mercury – Hg, magnesium – Mg, nickel – Ni, lead – Pb, selenium – Se, zinc- Zn) in raw cow’s milk (spring, summer, and autumn season), feed (spring and autumn season) and soil (spring season) from three different environments by routine methods in the certified testing laboratory. The samples were collected in the undisturbed region around Novoť, the moderately disturbed region around Tulčík, and the strongly disturbed region around Čečejovce. The concentrations of all toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) and two essential elements (Cu, Se) in milk were under the limits of quantification (LOQ) from all investigated areas and during all seasons. Concentrations of other elements in milk from the undisturbed and disturbed areas were significantly different, generally with the highest levels in summer. In soil samples, the significantly highest concentrations of Ca, Cu, Ni were found in a strongly disturbed area, Mg and As in moderately disturbed area, and Fe, Se, Zn, Hg, and Pb in an undisturbed area. Cadmium was under the LOQ. In feed, the concentrations of essential elements, except of Se, were higher in the autumn. The significantly highest concentration of As, Ni were recorded in a moderately disturbed area and Pb in the undisturbed area in both seasons. Cadmium and Hg were under the LOQ. Despite the higher level of some elements in soil (Fe, Mg, Ca) from all regions, there were not elevated concentrations of any element in feed or milk. The concentrations of all toxic elements in milk were under the permitted limits. Thus, the milk from all investigated areas was not contaminated with the elements posing a health risk for consumers and it is considered safe for human consumption.
Determinants Sustainability Elimination of Open Defecation in Rural Areas: Case of Bouaflé Department (West Central of Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Dali Dalougou Gbalawoulou , Edith Kpata-Konan Nazo , Innocent N’goran Sylvanus
Published: October 2020

The department of Bouaflé is increasingly faced with health problems related to inadequate family sanitation. This situation creates high risks of high mortality and morbidity. In order to help significantly reduce these risks, EAA has initiated a project to promote family sanitation, ecological sanitation latrines (EcoSan) and the reuse of its by-products in agriculture in several villages in this department. The objective of this study is to assess the sustainability of ecological sanitation in rural areas in the said department. In order to achieve this objective, in addition to the literature review, this study was part of a mixed approach mobilizing related techniques and tools. The results obtained revealed that full latrine coverage and hand hygiene are not effective in all households.The factors contributing to the maintenance of the status of end of defecation in the open air in rural areas, especially the use of by-products in agriculture, are problematic. However, some of the households using the hygienized human excreta (HHE) show that crops fertilized by HHEs grow faster, the leaves of the plants are greener, have larger grains and fruits with a good taste when ripe. In addition, they control several pathogens, particularly Swollen Shoot in cocoa plantations.
The Man Who Would Be Galt
Authors: Hardin Dennis C.
Published: October 2020

In 1958, Nathaniel Branden founded what would become the Nathaniel Branden Institute and launched the Objectivist movement through a course of twenty lectures he called “The Basic Principles of Objectivism.” In 2009, that lecture series became a book and an important historical record. This review captures the essence of those lectures while also taking a close look at Branden’s philosophical odyssey. It attempts to recount whether and how far the man whom Ayn Rand saw as the living image of John Galt distanced himself from the guidance he had once given in the years after NBI closed its doors forever.
The Dialectics of Liberty
Authors: Mendenhall Allen
Published: October 2020

This review essay evaluates The Dialectics of Liberty, a recent collection, edited by Roger E. Bissell, Chris Matthew Sciabarra, and Edward W. Younkins. It describes the dialectical turn in libertarian political and economic theory and analyzes the diverse contributions to dialectics by the various authors in this volume.
Ayn Rand: Mean Girl?
Authors: Gladstein Mimi Reisel
Published: October 2020

Lisa Duggan’s book, Mean Girl: Ayn Rand and the Culture of Greed, offers an extremely negative portrait of Rand’s ideas as the height of meanness and greed and the perfect embodiment for the political era of Donald Trump. Its unbalanced and hostile presentation of Rand’s philosophy and impact is not for those who seek a more objective approach to Objectivism.
Ayn Rand and Christianity: The Virtuous Parallels
Authors: Wollen Amos
Published: October 2020

Mark David Henderson’s book, The Soul of Atlas, defends the view that there is more common ground than is usually believed between Christianity and Objectivism. Despite some minor aesthetic difficulties, the book is well written, making it easily accessible as an introductory text to the Christian/Objectivist debate. After making some minor recommendations as to how the book could have been improved, the author concludes that The Soul of Atlas’s place in the Objectivist literature is one of a “conversation starter,” not a “groundbreaking” work of Christian/Objectivist synthesis.
Investigating Mentor Teachers’ Roles in Mentoring Pre-Service Teachers’ Teaching Practicum: A Malaysian Study
Authors: Phang Biao Li , Sani Badariah Binti , Azmin Nur Aizuri Binti Md
Published: October 2020

A teaching practicum is a course of study in which pre-service teachers get to experience actual teaching in real classrooms. Mentor teachers who are assigned to mentor and supervise pre-service teachers have many important roles to play in the practicum experience, yet no extensive research has been conducted on these roles. This study sought to determine the roles played by mentor teachers in pre-service teachers’ teaching practicum. Using an explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods research design pertaining to the Malaysian context, we recruited 385 pre-service teachers who had attended teaching practicum and 6 mentor teachers who had previously mentored pre-service teachers. Online questionnaires and telephone interviews were used sequentially. Findings showed that mentor teachers played moderate roles in mentoring pre-service teachers; mentor teachers perceived themselves to play many roles yet regarded certain roles as unnecessary and unimportant. Universities, secondary schools, and the Malaysian Ministry of Education must address the importance of producing quality teachers by intervening as early as pre-service teachers’ teaching practicum.
Children's Books by Canonical Authors in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Ortells Elena
Published: October 2020

Students’ imperfect grasp of the target language is cited by educators as one of the main tenets and conundrums against the use of real literature in the EFL classroom. However, previous reviews have proven that children and teenagers are likely to become interested in texts of their own choice and in line with their current concerns. Hence, since encouraging them to read for pleasure and providing them with motivating and level-appropriate materials are basic requirements for success, instructors should receive essential support on how to supply their students with literary texts suitable for both their language level and interests. My intention in this article is thus two-fold. On the one hand, I aim to provide several strategies to overcome the negative attitudes against the use of real literature in the EFL classroom, which are deeply rooted in the educational community, by equipping educators with a theoretical framework that allows them to critically select the most appropriate literary materials for their students. On the other hand, my intention is to present in-service teachers with an illustrative sample of texts and activities that clearly show that authentic literature can be successfully implemented in the teaching sphere.
English Vocabulary Teaching Techniques at Junior Middle Schools
Authors: Yu Xiaomei
Published: October 2020

English teachers at junior middle schools often employ traditional vocabulary teaching techniques such as L1 equivalents, word lists, pictures, and word formation rules. They reinforce the students' retention of vocabulary by asking them to read aloud the words repeatedly and copy the new words as homework. In this study, suggestions are given to improve English vocabulary teaching techniques at junior middle schools.
On the Strategies to Cultivate College Students’ Autonomous English Learning Ability in the New Era
Authors: Wang Guoqiao , Han Ligang
Published: October 2020

The cultivation of students’ autonomous learning ability is one of the significant and essential tasks of college English teaching. In this paper, the current situation of college students’ insufficient autonomous English learning ability is thoroughly analyzed. Some effective and feasible strategies to cultivate students’ autonomous English learning ability are put forward based on the factors that influence this ability. Interaction, continuous thinking, cultural introduction and a good network environment are indispensable to develop and enhance this autonomous learning ability.
Clausal Ellipsis in Jibbali: The Case of Sluicing
Authors: Algryani Ali
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the syntax of sluicing in Jibbali from a generative perspective to identify its morphological and syntactic properties. It also seeks to provide an explanation for the preposition stranding sluices that seem to violate of the Preposition Stranding Generalization (PSG) posited by Merchant (2001). The study concludes that sluicing exists in Jibbali and that it results from an overt wh-movement operation plus IP ellipsis at PF. Furthermore, it is argued that Jibbali sluicing allows for two sources of clausal ellipsis, referred to herein as sluicing and pseudosluicing. Both sluicing and pseudosluicing are derived by wh-movement and TP deletion despite the fact that sluicing stems from regular wh-questions, whereas pseudosluicing derives from a copular underlying source, i.e., cleft wh-questions. With regards to preposition-less (P-less) sluices, it is argued that such sluices are instances of pseudosluicing and that they do not involve preposition stranding as wh-movement in pseudosluicing proceeds from Spec TP. The proposed analysis for both forms of clausal ellipsis rests upon two arguments: a) the analysis of pronouns in the elided clause as copular pronouns, and b) the restriction on clefting non-nominal expressions in Jibbali which mirrors the parallelism between P-less sluices and cleft wh-questions in the language.
Impact of Bush Encroachment on Livestock Production and Pastoral Livelihoods in Fentale District, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Sisay , Tessema Zewdu K. , Urge Mengistu , Alebachew Mehari , Ebro Abule
Published: October 2020

The threat of bush encroachment on community livelihoods and economy in range lands of Fentale district in Ethiopia is not well known. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of bush encroachment and its stress on livestock daily milk yield and pastoral livestock production of the district. The data of household livestock holding and its production, household income sources, expenditure, etc. was obtained from district pastoral and agro-pastoral office and the respective pastoral communities. The data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussion and key informant interviews. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and regression analysis using Minitab Software. The result revealed that there was an alarming rate increasing of bush encroachment coverage and positive association (P < 0.05) with camel and goat population than cattle and sheep population (P > 0.05) in the study district. Results of current study also revealed that a positive correlation between increasing coverage of bush encroachment and mean daily milk yield of livestock (i.e. cattle, goat and camel) in the study areas. Pastoral producers also perceived the impact of bush encroachment on livestock population trend and milk production in all study sites and applied different adaptation strategies (like feed supplementation and mobility). It is recommended that appropriate intervention options (like bush thinning) of government and other stakeholders is needed to alleviate the current economic bush related challenges of pastoral producers and save the loosing natural resources, even by amendment of pastoral production related policies and its implementation
Determining the Prevalence of Nasal Community-acquired MRSA Carriage and Associated Risk Factors in the Turkish Cypriot Population
Authors: Şanlıtürk Gizem , Güran Mümtaz
Published: October 2020

Introduction: No studies have investigated Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) nasal carriage rate in the Turkish Cypriot community up to now. The aim of this study was to investigate (i) The prevalence of CA-MRSA nasal carriage in the Turkish Cypriot community, (ii) The association of previously identified risk factors with CA-MRSA. Materials and Methods: Our study is a cross-sectional study conducted in Northern Cyprus in 2019 with 487 randomly selected and voluntary participants. In this study, a questionnaire was distributed, and the relationship between nasal CA-MRSA carriage and risk factors was investigated. In addition, the presence of CA-MRSA was determined by taking a nasal swab sample. Results: In this study, the prevalence of nasal CA-MRSA carriage in the Turkish Cypriot society was 6.98% (34/487). Marital status was found to be the only significant risk factor associated with CA-MRSA carriage (p= 0.035) in the study. However, it was found that individuals exposed to risk factors of “hospitalization during the previous year” and “using antibiotic during the last year” were 1.6 and 3.25 times higher than those who did not, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, “marital status” was the only statistically significant risk factor associated with CA-MRSA carriage. Furthermore, the prevalence of nasal CA-MRSA carriage in the Turkish Cypriot population was found to be higher than developed countries. In this context, it is essential to develop health strategies for the sustainability of TK-MRSA carriage surveillance and to reduce carriage.
Distribution and Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Specimens
Authors: Özmen Erkan , Altoparlak Ülkü , Uyanık Muhammet Hamidullah , Gülen Abdulkadir
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is frequently a sexually transmitted virus and can cause cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer among the developing countries. In this study, cervical HPV DNA positivity and genotype distributions were investigated in female patients living in our region and the results were compared with different studies. Materials and Methods: Between 1 July, 2017 and 1 March, 2019, 433 cervical swabs were sent to Ataturk University, Medical Faculty Hospital, Medical Microbiology Laboratory due to suspicion of HPV. Swab samples were evaluated for HPV virus using molecular (Polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR) methods. For this purpose, Xpert HPV Test (Cepheid, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA) was used to identify HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68 t in a single sample. Results: Mean age of the patients ranged from 20 to 69 years, with a mean of 39.8 years (± 10.0). Positivity was detected in 62 of the 433 patients. Mean age of the positive patients was 40.2 years (± 11.3). When the positive patients were examined in terms of HPV types, the presence of HPV 16 was observed with a rate of 25.6%, while the HPV 18/45 types were found to be 9.0% in total. When patients were evaluated according to age groups, HPV DNA positivity was highest in the 25-34 age group with 38.7%. In our statistical study, there was no significant difference in HPV DNA positivity rate between the ages of 35 and under 35 years. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prevalence and viral genotype distribution of HPV infection in women in Erzurum region. HPV type 16 is seen with a high rate in our region.
Typing of Candidemia Agents of Candida albicans Isolates by Molecular Methods and Investigation of SAP4 Gene Presence
Authors: Bilgin Kemal , Birinci Asuman , Yıldırım Tuba
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In recent years, increasing infections due to fungi have drawn attention. Especially, Candida albicans is the most frequent infectious agent with its virulence factors. Furthermore, because C. albicans is a nosocomial infection agent, it can lead an increase in mortality and morbidity. In this study, it was aimed to genotype C. albicans strains that caused candidemia by molecular methods and to investigate one of the most important virulence factors, Secreted Aspartyl Proteinase 4 (SAP4). Materials and Methods: Our study included 50 C. albicans strains isolated from blood cultures. The isolates were identified both phenotypically and genotypically. Arbitrarily-Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) and Pulsed Field Gel ElectrophoresisElectrophoretic Karyotype Analysis (PFGE-EK) methods were used for molecular genotyping of the strains. Furthermore, the presence of SAP4 a virulence factor for C. albicans was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The 50 C. albicans isolates included in our study were separated to 26 genotypes by AP-PCR, 41 genotypes by PFGE-EK, and SAP4 was detected in 49 of the 50 isolates. Conclusion: In conclusion, dominant genotypes among the C. albicans isolates were not detected. Results of both molecular typing methods revealed that C. albicans isolates were generally endogenous. Furthermore, SAP4 gene was detected in 98% of the isolates. A considerable presence of this gene in blood sample isolates suggests that it contributes to systemic infections. More elaborative studies on the function of SAP4 gene in endogenous infections of C. albicans may contribute to the prevention of these infections in the future.
The use of Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Tecen-Yücel Kamer , Kara Emre , Demirkan Kutay , Ünal Serhat
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 is a newly emerging human infectious disease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origin described as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation (WHO) on March 11, 2020. There is currently no definitive cure for COVID-19; however, among the many treatment strategies, hydroxychloroquine has been suggested as a potential treatment. The purpose of this article was to review the pharmacological properties and mechanism of COVID-19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine and its potential use on the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Dwa lata obowiązywania w Polsce modelu podzielonej
płatności w VAT –doświadczenia i wnioski
Authors: Sarnowski Jan , Selera Paweł
Published: October 2020

Dwa lata obowiązywania w polskim porządku prawnym metody podzielonej płatności (MPP, ang. split payment) w
VAT to dobry moment na pierwsze wnioski i podsumowania. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest nie tyle szczegółowa
analiza kształtu MPP w Polsce, a przedstawienie polskiego modelu na tle jego ewolucji i funkcji jakie ma
spełniać w przyszłości również w kontekście jego międzynarodowych wzorców.
W przyszłym roku rozpocznie się proces ponownej konsultacji polskiej konstrukcji MPP z organami UE. To dobry
czas na pierwsze refleksje zanim podejmiemy kolejny dialog z KE w zakresie dalszego kształtu MPP w Polsce.
Sankcje podatkowe, a sankcje karne – kumulacja, czy alternatywa? Analiza porównawcza
Authors: Gryziak Bartosz
Published: October 2020

W Polsce obserwuje się proces co raz częstszego ustanawiania sankcji podatkowych, chociaż nie jest skorelowany z nim postulowany w doktrynie proces depenalizacji prawa podatkowego. W konsekwencji co raz więcej uchybień obowiązkom prawnopodatkowym będzie jednocześnie wypełniać hipotezy sankcji podatkowej i karnej. Odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy obie te sankcje mogą być jednocześnie stosowane, poszukiwano poprzez analizę prawnoporównawczą w obszarze zastosowania Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka. Wynika z niej, że ze względu na tożsamość funkcji pełnionych przez sankcje podatkowe i karne, nie mogą być one stosowane równolegle. Zważywszy na zasadę proporcjonalności oraz funkcje sankcji podatkowych postuluje się preferowanie stosowania sankcji podatkowych zamiast sankcji karnych.
there cannot be treatment without judgement
Authors: Pheby John
Published: October 2020

No abstract
disembodied
Authors: Pheby John
Published: October 2020

No abstract
Increasing the person-centered care of people living with HIV (PLHIV). An analysis and commentary on ‘Treatment Challenges, Priorities, and Relationship with Healthcare Providers in HIV Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Portuguese Adults Living with HIV’. Antunes, A., Augusto, I., Parada, P., Okoli, C., Appiah, A. & de los Rios, P. (2020). European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 8 (3) 282-293
Authors: Miles Andrew , Asbridge Jonathan Elliot
Published: October 2020

No abstract
Towards a Sociology of KOS and More Basic KO Research
Authors: Hider Philip
Published: October 2020

It is suggested that the knowledge organization (KO) field places greater emphasis on basic research that examines the sociology of KO systems (KOS) and the broader, environmental reasons for the development of both formal and informal KOS. This approach is contrasted with applied KO, which focuses on the practical construction or improvement of specific KOS. The preponderance of applied research in the field of KO is confirmed, at least within the document-centric strand more closely aligned with library and information science, through a survey of articles in the Knowledge Organization journal published between 2009 and 2018. The survey utilized the Frascati Manual definitions for basic and applied research, and referenced Tennis’s classification of KO research (2008). There is considerable potential for building on the critical tradition of KO, with various areas ripe for further sociological investigation. A sociology of KOS could also be accommodated in the popular KO approach of domain analysis.
Recht, Angst, Vulnerabilität
Authors: Zabel Benno
Published: October 2020

Das Verhältnis von Recht und Angst ist ein Verhältnis der Verdrängung, der Verneinung. Recht begründet in der Selbstbeschreibung moderner Demokratien gerade die Garantie für Angstfreiheit, für Autonomie und Sicherheit. Gleichzeitig offenbaren Ängste die Vulnerabilität und das Kontingenzbewusstsein liberaler Gesellschaften. In der gängigen Vorstellung soll das Recht die individuellen Freiheitserwartungen absichern; kann dieses Versprechen aber nur durch permanente Interventionen verwirklichen. Gerade am Beispiel der Angstbewältigung lässt sich zeigen, wie aus der Freiheitsgarantie des Rechts ein Netz „sozialer Sorgetechniken“ entsteht, das beständig in die Gefahr gerät, repressiv zu werden. Dagegen wird hier ein widerständiges Recht gesetzt, das im Begriff reflexiver Resilienz Vulnerabilität und Sicherheit mit der Idee einer machtkritischen Urteilskraft verbindet.
Theorie der Singularitäten
Authors: Kühn Hendrik
Published: October 2020

Giorgio Agamben, einer der meistdiskutierten Philosophen der Gegenwart, galt schon bald nach Erscheinen seiner ersten Bücher als Geheimtipp in der Philosophie, aber erst mit der Publikation von Homo Sacer erlangte er auch außerhalb des Fachs große Bekanntheit als politischer Philosoph. Dass ausgerechnet sein vielleicht unzugänglichstes Buch, das 1990 erschienene Die kommende Gemeinschaft, nicht nur einen gewissen political turn, sondern auch die Nahtstelle für Früh- und Spätwerk markiert, erzeugt den Eindruck einer Spaltung, die so nicht existiert. In kryptischen Essays und Fragmenten legt Agamben darin das Fundament seiner Philosophie und entwickelt eine Theorie der beliebigen Singularitäten. Dabei verschreibt er sich der Haltung des Wedernochs – weder des Allgemeinen noch des Besonderen – und umreißt eine Seinsweise im eigentlichen Leben, in dem sich der Mensch in einer Gemeinschaft ohne Zugehörigkeit den unbedingten Anspruch auf Glück erfüllen kann.

Die vorliegende Studie zielt darauf ab, durch eine chronologische Lektüre und mit einer Methodik, die Agambens Theorie widerspiegelt, die Ideen des Schlüsselwerks zu erschließen und für den allgemeinen Gebrauch zu öffnen. Es ist ein Versuch von Sekundärliteratur, der die Primärliteratur fortführt und sich damit in den gleichen

Zustand des Wedernochs versetzt.
Friction, Lubrication, and Wear
Authors: Jeyaprakash Natarajan , Yang Che-Hua
Published: October 2020

The surface properties of a bulk material are not accepted totally and independently. The tribology is the most important field that comprises the component design with static and dynamic relations for a reliability and performance. Hence, it is believed that the surface contacts, atmosphere, and lubrication significantly change the wear resistance of the material surface. However, the wear process is more complicated, in that a surface wear properties based on many tribological factors namely sliding type, mode of loading and working atmosphere. In this chapter, will explore the tribology fundamental, friction, various lubrication, wear types and mechanism on the wear process.
A New Approach for Membrane Process Concentrate Management: Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane Systems-A Short Communication
Authors: Yonar Taner
Published: October 2020

In most cases traditional and advanced treatment technologies transfers and concentrates the pollutants from one phase to other phase. However, nowadays, these concentrated flows containing heavy pollution are rapidly moving away from being manageable. In particular, membrane concentrate flows await immediate solutions to this issue. Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane (EDBM) Processes are becoming a serious and potential solution technique for similar concentrate streams. In this chapter, principles and potentials of EDBM processes for the recycling or recovery of membrane concentrates are discussed.
Metal Oxide Nanowires as Building Blocks for Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Costas Andreea , Preda Nicoleta , Florica Camelia , Enculescu Ionut
Published: October 2020

Metal oxide nanowires have become the new building blocks for the next generation optoelectronic devices due to their specific features such as quantum confinement and high aspect ratio. Thus, they can be integrated as active components in diodes, field effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, solar cells and so on. ZnO, a n-type semiconductor with a direct wide band gap (3.3 eV) and CuO, a p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap (1.2–1.5 eV), are two metal oxides which were recently in the spotlight of the researchers for applications in the optoelectronic devices area. Therefore, in this chapter we focused on ZnO and CuO nanowires, the metal oxides nanowire arrays being prepared by straightforward wet and dry methods. Further, in order to emphasize their intrinsic transport properties, lithographic and thin films deposition techniques were used to integrate single ZnO and CuO nanowires into diodes and field effect transistors.
Three Dimensional Slope Stability Analysis of Open Pit Mine
Authors: Ahmad Azizi Masagus , Marwanza Irfan , Kemal Ghifari Muhammad , Anugrahadi Afiat
Published: October 2020

The 3-dimensional slope stability analysis has been developing rapidly since the last decade, and currently a number of geomechanical researchers in the world have put forward ideas for optimization of slope design related to the economics and safety of mining operations. The 3-dimensional slope stability analysis methods has answered the assumption of spatial parameters in determining safety factors and the failure probability, thus the volume of failed material and the location of the most critical slopes can be determined. This chapter discusses two methods of 3-dimensional slope stability analysis, namely the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM). LEM 3D requires an assumption of failure type with the variable of analysis are the maximum number of columns, the amount of grid points, increment radius, and type of slip surface. On the other hand, FEM 3D requires an assumption of convergence type, absolute force and energy, with the variable of analysis are mesh type and maximum number of iterations. LEM 3D shows that the cuckoo algorithm is reliable in obtaining position and shape of slip surface. Meanwhile FEM 3D, the optimum iteration number needs to be considered to improve analysis efficiency and preserving accuracy.
Features and New Examples of Gas Chromatographic Separation of Thermally Unstable Analytes
Authors: G. Zenkevich Igor
Published: October 2020

The processes of thermal decomposition of analytes in gas chromatographic (GC) columns are classified and two new examples of them are considered in details. First of them is monomolecular decomposition of monoalkyl esters of benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid (monoalkyl phthalates). This process has the analogy in chemical reactions in solutions and it may be responsible for the toxicity of phthalates. The second example is decomposition of non-substituted hydrazones of both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. The analytes of the second sub-group present the first example of bimolecular (second order) decomposition in a GC column: two molecules of hydrazones form stable azines and hydrazine. Besides that this process presents the particular interest, because it is accompanied by secondary chemical reactions not in an injector, but within GC column, when a by-product of decomposition is involved into secondary interaction with other constituents of the samples. It was confirmed, that visual images of all these decomposition processes on the chromatograms are rather identical and coincide with the manifestations of interconversion of isomers or tautomers. The most often expressed features of chromatographic profiles in such cases are the presence of peaks of an initial analyte and a product of its decomposition or isomerization, connected with more or less expressed diffused “plateau” or “train” between them. The decomposition processes during sample preparation prior to chromatographic separation or in the heated injector of GC instrument are not accompanied by such features. Despite of the rather “exotic” character of the examples considered, the knowledge of them seems to be useful for better revealing the analogous situations in chromatographic practice. Thermal instability of analytes is the principal restriction of GC separation of reactive compounds and we cannot eliminate it for objective reasons. However, in some cases we can evaluate the temperature limits of chromatographic columns, which should not be exceeded during GC separation of instable compounds. The simplest (low boiling) homologs of thermally unstable compounds are often characterized by “normal” boiling point at atmospheric pressure (Tb, °C) without decomposition, that means the possibility of their GC analysis unambiguously. Therefore, we can select such Tb values as GC and/or GC–MS temperature limit (Tlim) for other members of series of thermally unstable homologs. If GC separation is carried out not in isothermal, but in temperature programming conditions, so-called retention temperature (TR) of unstable analytes should not exceed the evaluated Tlim value.
Harsh and Disrespectful
Authors: Axelsen David V. , Nielsen Lasse ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: October 2020

Many policies hinge on determining whether someone’s situation is due to luck or choice. In political philosophy, this prevalence is mirrored by luck egalitarian theories. But overemphasizing the distinction between luck and choice will lead to tensions with the value of moral agency, on which the distinction is grounded. Here, we argue that the two most common contemporary critiques of luck egalitarianism, holding it to be harsh and disrespectful are best understood as illustrating exactly this tension. Elaborating on this conflict, we argue that it should lead us to modify how luck and choice are used in theories of justice.