bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Thickness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Comparative Study
Authors: Bhattarai Samiksha , Lavaju Poonam , Badhu Badri Prasad , Shah Sangeeta , Chaudhary Santosh , Maskey Robin , Koirala Ashesh
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Diabetes leads to an alteration in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness which can easily be detected with optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Objectives: This study was done to compare the RNFL and macular thickness between diabetic patients without retinopathy and non-diabetic patients so that it would be useful in the early detection of retinal changes if present. The correlation between the RNFL and macular thickness with metabolic blood parameters of diabetic subjects was also studied.
Materials and methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional, hospital-based study including 120 subjects who were further divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 60 diabetic patients without retinopathy and group B consisted of 60 non-diabetic patients. The blood parameters were recorded and the RNFL thickness and macular thickness were compared between the two groups after evaluation by OCT.
Results: The average central macular thickness was found to be more in group A but was statistically insignificant (p=0.29). Macular thickness in the superior quadrant was significantly higher among group A when compared with group B (p=0.01). Whereas RNFL thickness difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.53). Blood urea showed significant positive correlation (r=0.269) with central macular thickness (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Our study showed that diabetic patients without retinopathy could have increased macular thickness in the superior quadrant when compared with normal people whereas RNFL thickness may not alter. The blood urea levels of the diabetic patients can provide us clues regarding possible retinal changes.
Safety and Efficacy of Low Dose Atropine in Nepalese Children with Progressive Myopia
Authors: Adhikari Srijana , Gupta Namrata , Mahat Birendra , Poudel Manish , Parajuli Rojeeta , Lama Ang Jangmu , Poudel Richa
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Myopia is emerging as a public health emergency worldwide. Low dose atropine has been proven to be safe and efficacious in halting the progression of myopia.
Objectives: Aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of low dose atropine in Nepalese children with progressive myopia.
Materials and methods: It is a prospective non randomized interventional study. Children with myopia progression of >0.5D in the last six months with baseline myopia of -1.5 to -8 Diopter and astigmatism of 3 D or less were prescribed 0.01% atropine daily at bedtime for two years. Demography including age, gender, race, and examinations including anterior and posterior segment, axial length, near point of accommodation and near vision were recorded in all the children. Ocular and systemic side effects were documented.
Results: A total of 200 children were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 11.9±2.97 years with 41% female. Baseline mean axial length was 24.47±1 and mean spherical equivalent was 3.69±1.33. Average increase in axial length was 0.18(±0.02), 0.17(±0.02), and 0.19(±0.04) mm in six months, one year, and two years respectively. The increase in spherical equivalence was 0.2 (±0.01), 0.3(±0.02), and 0.3(±0.02)) diopter in six months, one year, and two years respectively. The myopia progression was found more in the Mongolian race compared to the Aryan race. No ocular or systemic side effects were documented.
Conclusion: Topical low dose atropine appears to be safe and efficacious in halting the progression of myopia in a cohort of Nepalese children. Further randomized control trial on various doses of atropine are recommended.
Changes in Central Corneal Thickness, Corrected Intraocular Pressure, and Iridocorneal Angle in Unilateral Acute Anterior Uveitis
Authors: Pandey Sumit , Kharel Sitaula Ranju , Joshi Sagun Narayan
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The release of inflammatory mediators in the anterior chamber can lead to the structural alteration of the corneal and uveal tissue.
Objectives: To compare the changes in Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), corrected Intraocular Pressure (cIOP) and Iridocorneal Angle (ICA) in unilateral acute anterior uveitis (AAU) before and after treatment.
Materials and methods: The study was a hospital based comparative study conducted between July 2018 to June 2019. Newly diagnosed, untreated unilateral Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU) adult cases above 16 years were included in the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Institute of Medicine. Eighty-two unilateral AAU cases (Total 164 eyes including 82 unaffected were analyzed) underwent Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) and corneal topography at presentation and three weeks after treatment. The cIOP was calculated by the Ehlers formula.
Results: The mean CCT of affected eyes was greater (563.84±51.49μm) compared to unaffected eyes (535.99±31.48μm) before treatment (p=0.001) and was reduced (533.2±25.71μm) after treatment (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in IOP, cIOP, and ICA between the affected eyes (14.45±6.89mmHg, 13.14±7.14mmHg and 48.78±7.94°) and the unaffected eyes (14.02±2.36mmHg, 14.4±3.09mmHg, and 49.80°±8.21°) before treatment. There was no difference in IOP (14.04±2.76mmHg) and ICA (49.21°±6.72°) after treatment, however, there was a significant increase (p=0.01) in the cIOP (14.95±2.93mmHg).
Conclusion: In the study, CCT of affected eyes was greater compared to unaffected eyes and reduced after treatment. There was no difference in cIOP and ICA in case eyes compared to control before treatment. However, cIOP increased after treatment.
Hyperostotic Sphenoid Wing Meningioma with Proptosis: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Karki Mohan , Roka Yam Bahadur , Thapa Ashish Jung , Bhattarai Narayani , Pandey Sagar Raj
Published: December 2023

Background: We present a case of proptosis with headache, decrease in vision and orbital pain   where patient underwent sphenoid-orbital decompression, and excision of mass, resulting in significant improvement in her vision with complete resolution of proptosis, headache and orbital pain. This study was done to diagnose and evaluate clinical outcome of hyperostotic sphenoid wing meningioma with orbital involvement after surgery. 
Case: A 40 year-female presented with severe headache, right eye swelling, periorbital pain and decreasing in vision for two years, and right eye proptosis more severe for three months. 
Observations: She underwent right frontotemporal craniotomy with removal of hyperostotic sphenoid wing and excision of meningioma after magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right sphenoid wing meningioma extending orbital and middle cranial fossa. She had improvement of her symptoms post-operatively. 
Conclusion: Surgical decompression of orbit with total resection of meningioma and sphenoid wing hyperostosis can result in significant improvement in the vision and proptosis.
Indication and Outcome of Paediatric Keratoplasty at a Tertiary Referral Eye Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Rana Rachana Singh , Bajracharya Leena , Gurung Reeta , Upreti Radhika , Poudel Manish , Banjara Pradeep , Thapa Suman Shamsher
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Paediatric keratoplasty is rarely performed surgery with high risk of graft failure. Developing countries have not benefited due to lack of sufficient facilities and trained surgeons.
Objectives: The objectives of the study were to analyze the indications and its outcome in terms of vision and graft survival.
Materials and methods: This retrospective chart review used electronic medical records from January 2017 to December 2019 of all consecutive patients aged upto18 years or below that underwent paediatric keratoplasty after ethical approval at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology. Outcome was defined as anatomical or visual success and graft clarity. Different demographic and surgical parameters were studied among 59 eyes of 48 patients.
Results: Mean age of recipient was 12.23± 3.81 years. Majority 37 (52.5%) had unilateral grafts with keratoconus being the most common 24 (40.6%) acquired non-traumatic indication. Mean post-operative best corrected visual acuity 0.6 Logmar was significantly (p <0.001) low as compared to preoperative 1.3 Logmar. Overall graft survival rate was 47 (78%) at one-year follow-up; keratoconus accounting for 24 (100%). Major factors in contributing for graft failure were rejection, infection, and glaucoma.
Conclusion: A good outcome in terms of anatomical and visual success was achieved in our study. Keratoconus has an excellent graft survival. Visual rehabilitation by cycloplegic refraction should be done to prevent amblyopia. Enhancing the training of surgeons and addressing challenges faced in a paediatric population will help decrease corneal blindness among paediatric patients in the future.
A Case of Full Thickness Parafoveal Hole Associated with Chorio-Retinal Atrophy
Authors: Sodhi Punita Kumari , Baindur Siddharth Kishore , Sharma Anu , Hasan Nasiq
Published: December 2023

Background: An idiopathic full-thickness parafoveal hole (PFH) in the absence of trauma or intraocular surgery is a rare finding.
Case: A 60-year-female who did not gain good vision following an uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the right eye (RE) consulted a retina specialist, one year after her cataract surgery. There was no history of trauma, radiation exposure, reduced scotopic vision, or any other intraocular surgery. Her personal and family history were unremarkable for any systemic or ocular diseases. Routine blood investigations, an electrocardiogram, and a detailed ocular examination were done.
Observation: She had the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of LogMAR 1.0 (20/200; 6/60) in the right eye. The right eye had an axial length (AL) of 23.50 mm and an intraocular lens power of 21.0 dioptres. The ultrawide field fundus examination saw parafoveal chorio-retinal atrophy without significant peripheral myopic degeneration. On optical coherence tomography (OCT), a central foveal thickness of 138 microns with foveal scarring was noticed. There was a full-thickness parafoveal hole between the fovea and optic disc having a height of 198 microns; base diameter of 240 microns; arm lengths of 203 microns and 206 microns; and a minimum linear dimension of 42 microns. The optical coherence tomography angiography scan showed a reduced vessel density in the superficial and deep retina; and increased visibility of choroidal vessels in outer retina chorio-capillaries, chorio-capillaries, and choroid slab at the parafoveal hole The ultrasound B scan was anechoic and there was no posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
Conclusion: The axial length, intraocular lens power and fundus examination did not indicate pathological myopia. As there was no preceding posterior vitreous detachment or retinal surgery, the underlying retinochoroidal atrophy most probably caused the full-thickness parafoveal hole.
Surgical Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve and Aurolab Aqueous Drainage Implant in Nepalese Eyes: Comparison in the First Year
Authors: Parajuli Anil , Paudyal Indira , Joshi Pratibha Lama , Thapa Suman Shamsher
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Though trabeculectomy still remains the surgical modality of choice for the management of glaucoma, the outcome of glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs) too has been encouraging in recent years.
Objectives: To compare the surgical outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) and Aurolab aqueous drainage implant (AADI) in cases of refractory glaucoma in Nepalese eyes.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively studied the charts of the patients with refractory glaucoma who had undergone GDD implantation at Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology (TIO), Kathmandu, Nepal. Depending on which GDD was implanted, the eyes of the patients were divided into: AGV group and AADI group. The outcome measures of the study were intraocular pressure (IOP), requirement of antiglaucoma medications (AGMs), surgical success and complications.
Results: There were 24 eyes of 23 patients in AGV group and 31 eyes of 30 patients in AADI group with a median (quartiles) follow-up of 12 (12,12) months. In the final visit, IOP and AGMs were both significantly lower than the baseline in both the groups (P <0.001). The median IOP in mmHg and AGMs were both significantly lower in the AADI group compared to AGV group in the final visit, p <0.001 and p=0.002, respectively. The overall success was similar in both the groups: AGV (n=22, 91.67%) and AADI (n=29, 93.55%), p=1.0. However, complete success was significantly more in AADI group (n=16, 51.61%) compared to AGV group (n=6, 25%), p=0.046. Complications and their rates were comparable between the two groups (p=0.4).
Conclusion: Both AGV and AADI safely and effectively reduced the IOP and the number of AGMs in cases of refractory glaucoma in Nepalese eyes.
Developing Artificial Intelligence Model for Prediction of Diabetic Retinopathy and Delivering in a real-world Local Context: BP Eye Foundation’s Perspective
Authors: Shrestha Arjun , Upadhyaya Pranita , Upadhyay Madan P
Published: December 2023

Not available.
A Multi-Party Conversation-Based Effective Robotic Navigation System for Futuristic Vehicle
Authors: Yasith R Wanigarathna  , D.N.M. Hettiarachchi  , Ravindra De Silva  , Udaka Ayas Manawadu
Published: December 2023

In response to the growing need for advanced in-car navigation systems that prioritize user experience and aim to reduce driver cognitive workload, this study addresses the research question of how to enhance the interaction between drivers and navigation systems. The focus is on minimizing distraction while providing personalized and geographically relevant information. The research introduces an innovative in-car robotic navigation system comprising three subsystem models: geofencing,personalization, and conversation. The dynamic geofencing model acquires geographic details related to the user's current location and provides information about required destinations. The personalization model tailors suggestions based on user preferences, while the conversation model, employing two virtual robots, fosters interactive multiparty conversations aligned with the driver's interests. The study's scope is specifically confined to interactive conversations centered on nearby restaurants and the driver's dietary preferences. Evaluation of the system indicates a notable prevalence of neutral expressions amongparticipants during interaction, suggesting that the implemented system successfully mitigates cognitive workload. Participants in the experiments express higher usability and interactivity levels, as evidenced by feedback collected at the study's conclusion, affirming the system's effectiveness in enhancing the user experience while maintaining a driver-friendly environment.

Keywords: Human-Robot Interaction, Multiparty Conversation, In-Car Navigation
Comparative Phyto and Physicochemical Parameters of the Therapeutic Plant Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in Jaffna District
Authors: Gowri Rajkumar  , Mihiri R. Jayasinghe  , Vinotha Sanmugarajah
Published: December 2023

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen tree, grown widely in Sri Lanka. It is regularly recognized as jambolan, black plum, and jamun. It is an extensively used therapeutic herbal in the treatment of innumerable illnesses, particularly in Diabetes mellitus in traditional medicine. The goal of the research was to compare the phytochemical and physicochemical properties between the different parts of jambolana tree which is naturally found in Sri Lanka. Proximate estimation of physicochemical properties of dried matured different parts as bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds of the Syzygium cumini havebeen done in the current study rendering to the standard protocols recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Association of Analytical Chemist (AOAC). This study includes electrical conductivity value, moisture content, fat content, and different ash contents analysis. It was found that the leaves had the highest electrical conductivity (16.67±1.53) and the bark had the lowest electrical conductivity (2.44±0.03). The moisture content of the bark was lower (11.30±0.44) in comparison tothat of the seeds (16.34±0.43). Furthermore, the bark had the highest fat content (1.02±0.03) and acid insoluble ash (2.65±0.89), when compared to the seeds (0.65±0.01) and leaves (1.00±0.88) respectively. The seeds had the highest pH (5.39±0.08); total ash (2.18±0.06) and water-soluble ash (5.25±0.55), while the fruits had the highest sulphated ash (1.99±0.55). Qualitative inspection revealed that hot ethanolic seed extracts contained high levels of flavonoids, tannins, phenols, glycosides, alkaloids, terpenoids and quinones, in addition to other parts, which also had high levels of alkaloid content (81.06 mg/g). The current study will contribute useful data in the precise documentation and validation of various parts of S. cumini and may aid in removing contaminants in the preparation of nutraceuticals or medicine.

Keywords: Medicinal Plant, Parts, Parameters, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Syzygium cumini
PLANEJAMENTO DA REDE VIÁRIA NO MANEJO DE FLORESTA NATIVA UTILIZANDO SIG
Authors: Acosta Fidel Cándano , Sousa Dziubat Adalfredo , Xavier da Silva Gean Marcos , García Marcos Leandro , Martínez Cantón José Luís
Published: December 2023

O trabalho teve como objetivo planejar a rede de estradas, pátios de estocagem de toras e trilhas de arraste na extração das árvores comerciais na floresta nativa com auxílio dos sistemas de informação geográfica (SIG). As camadas de informações consideradas foram: hidrologia, declividade do terreno e a distribuição das árvores comerciais. Foi calculada a densidade ótima de estradas (DOE) baseada no custo de arraste e no custo de estradas e pátios. A partir da estrada primária foram alocadas as estradas secundárias, os pátios e por fim se alocaram as trilhas primárias e as trilhas secundárias.  De acordo com os cálculos da DOE, o espaçamento de 500 m entre estradas e o espaçamento entre pátios 250 m apresentou o menor custo total. Quando comparado com o planejamento convencional, de 400 m entre estradas e 500 m entre pátios, a densidade de estradas diminuiu 5 m/ha, embora o número de pátios tenha aumentado de 18 para 26 e a área total da infraestrutura tenha sido iguais de 1,6 %, porém a produtividade do arraste de toras aumentou em 8,47 m3/h devido à diminuição da distância de arraste em 103,48 m e o custo total da colheita foi reduzido em R$ 2,37/m3. 
Palavras-chave: manejo florestal; custo mínimo; planejamento florestal com SIG.
 
Road network planning in native forest management using GIS
 
ABSTRACT: The objective of the work was to plan the network of roads, log storage yards and skid trails in extracting commercial trees in the native forest with the aid of geographic information systems (GIS). The layers of information considered were hydrology, the slope of the land, and the distribution of commercial trees. The optimal road density (DOE) was calculated based on the cost of skidding and the cost of roads and storage yards. From the primary road, the secondary roads were allocated, then the courtyards, and finally, the primary and secondary skid trails were allocated. According to DOE calculations, the spacing of 500 m between roads and the spacing between yards of 250 m had the lowest total cost. When compared to conventional planning, of 400 m between roads and 500 m between yards, the density of roads decreased by 5 m/ha, although the number of yards increased from 18 to 26 and the total infrastructure area was equal to 1 .6%, however log dragging productivity increased by 8.47 m3/h due to the reduction in the skidding distance by 103.48 m and the total harvest cost was reduced by R$ 2.37/m3.
Keywords: forest management; minimum cost; forest planning with GIS.
Efficient callus induction from various explants of Jatropha curcas
Authors: Ibrahim Anfal
Published: December 2023

Jatropha curcas L. is a tropical plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, characterized by its high oil content and its ability to grow in a variety of conditions, which made it the most promising non-food biofuel crop in the world. The current study was directed to develop effective methods of tissue culture using this plant. The study was able to induce callus from cotyledons of sterile seedlings, as well as from true leaves taken from the field and from the embryo, using MS medium supplemented with interfering concentrations of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with Benzyl adenine (BA), as the results indicated that The medium containing 0.5 mgL-1 for each of them gave the highest percentage of callus induction for the cotyledonous leaves, true leaves and embryonic peduncle, which reached 100%, 80% and 100%, respectively.
Effect of alpha-lactalbumin isolated from camel milk on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in experimental mice
Authors: Haddad Zaid. A , Saed Doosh Kifah
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the effect of α-lactalbumin which isolated from camel milk (a-Lac) at 200 and 400 mcg/day against metabolic disorders hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in cholesterol-induced lipidemia for mice. Monitor vital signs as weight of body, fasting glucose in blood level was observe after every week until 8 week (1st 4wk adaption and abnormaling 2nd, 4wk during treatment investigated), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) level and biochemical parameters were were measured after the second 4wk in blood and serum samples, like lipid profiles, insulin resistance, Liver enzymes including ALT, AST, and ALP. The results showed that camel α-La contributed effectively to maintaining vital indicators within healthy limits, and caused decreases in the level of hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. It gave activity to liver enzymes. The results were with a clear statistical difference, Recommend the use of camel whey proteins and α-La in particular due to its abundance in camel milk and its therapeutic properties.
Determining The Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil Contaminated with Crude Oil at Al-Kasak and Al-Qayyarah Sites According to Environmental Indices of Pollution
Authors: younis Basil
Published: December 2023

Contaminated soil samples were collected from Al-Kasak refinery and Al-Qayyarah refinery in western and southern Nineveh, at specific distances in six dimensions (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300) meters from the source of pollution, to study the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Mn, Ni, Cd, and the effect of oil refinery pollutants on some soil pollution standards, in addition to some physical and chemical properties of the soil and their concentrations. The results showed an increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil near the sources of pollution, with cadmium significantly superior to Al-Qayyarah site over Al-Kasak site (491.744) mg/kg, and lead, nickel and manganese recorded a higher concentration at Al-Kasak site compared to Al-Qayyarah site (166.356, 114.687, 36.487) mg/kg, respectively, and the order of mineral elements in the two study sites was Cd>Pb>Ni>Mn.

As for the Contamination Factor (CF), it was Cd > Pb > Ni > Mn with values of 684.50, 9.91, 5.13, and 0.1701, where the concentration factor was highly polluted for cadmium and lead, and with significant contamination for nickel, while manganese was low in contamination, cadmium recorded severe pollution at Al-Qayyarah site compared to Al-Kasak site, while lead, nickel and manganese recorded significant contamination at Al-Kasak site compared to Al-Qayyarah. In addition, the pollution load index (PLI) was at the level of 5.81, 4.67 highly polluted at D1 and D2, while the rest of the percentages were at the level of 2, moderate pollution, Al-Kasak site had the highest pollution (PLI) value of (6.28), while the ecological risk (ER) averaged (20534.88, 16896.71, 19867.11, 19063.14, 18721.07, 18888.61), which indicates that all the sites had very high pollution, and the ecological risk index was also within the limits of very high pollution, with the highest value on D1 recorded (20568.45), and the potential ecological risk of cadmium was very high at Al-Qayyarah site with a value of (19410.95) compared to Al-Kasak site, where the ecological risk of lead, nickel and manganese was very high, and the ecological risk indices for Al-Qayyarah site were high compared to Al-Kasak site. The aim of the study is to estimate the concentration of heavy metals, according to environmental indices and the impact of oil refineries on the ecosystem in raising the level of heavy metal concentration.
OTIMIZAÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO VEGETATIVO E PRODUTIVIDADE DA MANDIOCA POR MEIO DE BIOESTIMULANTE E MÉTODOS DE CULTIVO
Authors: Chavans Paolino Thais , Martins Rezende Murillo , Cordeiro Malenowtch João Vitor , Mendonça de Carvalho Alex , Tadao Teramoto Erico , Ferrari Samuel
Published: December 2023

A intensificação da produção, vem instigando o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta no desenvolvimento vegetativo e produtivo da mandioca, frente a métodos de cultivos e aplicação de hormônios vegetais. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos a campo com a cultura da mandioca de mesa. (a) Primeiro experimento - 4 doses de biorregulador vegetal Stimulate® (0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 L ha-1 do produto comercial) aplicadas via sulco de plantio sobre as manivas da variedade branca; e dois modos de preparo de solo, sendo um, subsolagem e gradagem e o outro sem preparo do solo. (b) Segundo experimento - 4 doses de biorregulador vegetal Stimulate® (0, 0,25, 0,5 e 1,0 L ha-1 do produto comercial); e dois modos de aplicação, sendo o primeiro via sulco de plantio sobre as manivas da variedade amarela, e o segundo via foliar aos 90 dias após o plantio (DAP). O plantio da mandioca sem o revolvimento do solo, indicam superioridade na quantidade, comprimento e produtividade de raízes, além de maior peso da parte aérea. A utilização de doses de bioestimulante, possibilitou maior desenvolvimento vegetativo em altura, diâmetro e peso da parte aérea, além de maior comprimento de raízes.
Palavras-chave: manihot esculenta; hormônios vegetais; preparo solo.
 
Optimization of vegetative growth and sweet cassava yield through biostimulant and cultivation methods
 
ABSTRACT: The intensification of production in the same area has instigated the development of new technologies. The present work aimed to evaluate the response in the vegetative and productive development of sweet cassava, compared to cultivation methods and plant hormones application. Two field experiments were conducted with sweet cassava cultivation. (a) First experiment - 4 doses of plant bioregulator Stimulate® (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 L ha-1 of the commercial product) applied in planting furrow on the stems of the white variety; and two modes of soil preparation, one being subsoiling and harrowing and the other without soil preparation. (b) Second experiment - 4 doses of plant bioregulator Stimulate® (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 L ha-1 of the commercial product); and two modes of application, the first in planting furrows on the yellow variety stems and the second in the foliar application at 90 days after planting (DAP). Planting sweet cassava without disturbing the soil indicates superiority in the quantity, length and roots yield, and greater weight of the aerial part. The use of biostimulant doses allowed greater vegetative development in height, diameter and weight of the aerial part, in addition to greater root length.
Keywords: manihot esculenta; plant hormones; soil tillage.
النصوص الواردة في قتال اليهود: محاولة للفهم في ظل التصور الإسلامي
Authors: ABUZİD Vasfi
Published: December 2023

إن النصوص الشرعية الواردة بشأن قتال اليهود إنما جاءت على سبيل الإخبار الغيبي المعجِز من الله تعالى أو على لسان رسله، وليست على سبيل الإنشاء بالأمر أو النهي، وأن الطريق الوحيدة للفهم الصحيح لهذه النصوص هو جمعها كلها من مصادرها الشرعية المعتمدة وليس الإسرائيليات والأخبار الموضوعة؛ لأن فهمها بشكل جزئي هو أقرب طريق للضلال والإضلال، ولا يجوز التعسف في إسقاط هذه النصوص على واقع معين، وأن مكان هذا القتال محدد وهو بلاد الشام وبيت المقدس، وهذا يستقيم معه أن المسلمين يحاربون الصهاينة ليس لأنهم يهود، وإنما لأنهم معتدون مغتصبون. ومما نستفيده من القراءة الواعية للنصوص الواردة في هذه القضية أن معركتنا مع اليهود لها مرحلتان، مرحلة الظهور والعلو في الأرض. ومرحلة أخرى هي ملاقاتهم وقتالهم مع عيسى ابن مريم عليه السلام، والخلط بين المرحلتين يوقع في مشكلات علمية وعملية كبيرة. ومن المشاهد أن اليهود يؤمنون بهذه المعركة ويعدون لها عدتها، ولا يجوز للمسلمين أن ينتظروا هذه المعركة قاعدين عن العمل أو الجهاد؛ انتظارا لعيسى بن مريم، بل عليهم أن يقاتلوهم؛ ليرفعوا عنهم ظلم الصهاينة اليهود عنهم ويحرروا منهم أرضهم المقدسة، وأن تجهيز العدة وإعداد القوة بمعناها الشامل هو سبيل الانتصار عليهم وعلى غيرهم، وهو اتساق مع قانون السببية الذي أقام الله عليه الكون والحياة الأحياء.
First Record on Loggerhead Nest in Gökçeada, Türkiye in Northern Aegean
Authors: SANDIK Emre , DERMANCI Pınar , SÖNMEZ Bektaş , YALÇIN ÖZDİLEK Şükran
Published: December 2023

This study presents the first report of a loggerhead turtle nest in the northern latitudes in the Aegean Sea of Türkiye, which was found on the Gökçeada Island of Çanakkale Province, Turkey. The nest contains a total of 129 eggs, 103 of which produced hatchlings and 100 of these hatchlings reached to the sea safely. This sporadic record may be a result of mechanisms developed to overcome the limitations of philopatry and increase their ability to adapt to the predicted global climate change.
The acceptance of panelists for processed carp nuggets
Authors: Mukhlishah Nurul
Published: December 2023

Carp is one of the types of freshwater fish that has a high economic value and is easy to cultivate. The people are very familiar with Carp. Carp is one of the types of freshwater fish that is favored by the public because of its delicious meat and is rich in protein. One of the problems when harvesting carp is the high damage to fish due to a lack of understanding of fish quality. Fish processing is one of the ways to prevent fish from rotting. One of the efforts to process fish is to make it into fish nuggets. Nuggets are products that have been heated until they are precooked, and then are frozen. This study aims to determine the acceptability of panelists in processing carp nuggets. This research was conducted from March to April 2022. The manufacturing of carp nuggets was carried out at the Food Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Indonesia Timur, Makassar. The ingredients that were used in making carp nuggets were carp meat, wheat flour, tapioca flour, salt, garlic, pepper, eggs, water, breadcrumbs, and cooking oil. Based on the results and discussion of the average value of treatment for A1 (100% wheat flour) is 2.8, the average value for treatment for A2 (100% tapioca flour) is 3.3, and the average value of treatment for A3 (50:50) is 3.8 so it can be concluded that the panelists are more accepting of carp nuggets with a treatment of A3 which are 360 grams of carp meat, 45 grams of flour, 45 grams tapioca flour.
Response of garlic varieties growth towards the use of biological fertilizer
Authors: Dewi Suryani , Zainuddin Dian Utami , Angka Andi Werawe
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to identify the response of local and imported garlic varieties' growth to biological fertilizer. The research was conducted in the Majene Regency, West Sulawesi, which began from April to July 2020. The research was arranged in a two-factor factorial Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications. The first factor is the variety of garlic which consists of two varieties, namely Sangga Sembalun and Kating. The second factor is the fertilizer that consists of three types, namely Trichoderma sp., Streptomyces sp., and Trichoderma sp. plus Streptomyces sp. The observations were made at the age of 7, 15, 30, and 45 DAS (Days After Sowing) where the parameters measured were the height of the plant (cm), the number of leaves (blade), the diameter of the bulb (cm) for each treatment. The observation data will be analyzed using the analysis of variance. The analysis of variance for the observation data used the F-test at a 5% significance level. Statistically, the findings of the research show that the treatments given are not significantly affected all parameters observed. The highest mean score on the treatment of biological fertilizers was the Trichoderma sp. plus Streptomyces sp. bacteria on both varieties tested.  The results showed that in general, the biological fertilizer Trichoderma sp. plus Streptomycetes sp., gave better results, but it cannot be concluded that the imported Kating variety gave a better response than the local Sangga variety to all parameters, because the morphological or genetic characteristics of Kating and Sangga Sembalun may be also different.
Innovation level of onion commodity management in Galung Lombok Village, West Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Akhsan Akhsan , Nurlaela Nurlaela , Astina Astina
Published: December 2023

Beetroot is a food source that is rich in nutrient value, including carbohydrates, minerals, vitamin C and betalains as a source of, to secure the supply of shallots (bamer) is to encourage the use of True Seed Shallots (TSS) seeds for higher productivity. This research was conducted in Galung Village, Lombok, Tinambung District, Polewali Mandar Regency, using 38 respondents or farmers selected by simple random sampling, considering that the characteristics of shallot farming are homogeneous. Data processing was done using Descriptive Quantitative Analysis using the IBM Statistics SPSS Version 25 application to obtain correlation test results and Scatter Plots. This study aims (1) to determine the distribution of innovation adoption rates and (2) to determine the relationship between innovation adoption rates on the dependent and independent variables of the shallot commodity. The results of this study show the results of the distribution of innovation adoption rates, namely there are 16 farmers with high and low categories, respectively, and as many as six farmers in the medium category, and the results on the Spearman's rank correlation test obtained a value of 0.319, and it is stated that there is a relationship between the level variables of adoption of innovation and productivity. The Scatter Plot graph shows that in quadrant III, it is noted that the value of the level of innovation adoption and productivity has a tendency together to obtain a high value of the distribution.
CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF TORUS TUBARIUS IN CHILDREN WITH PHARYNGEAL TONSIL HYPERTROPHY
Authors: Liakh Kateryna V. , Luhovskyi Serhii P. , Kosakovskyi Anatoliy L. , Shkorbotun Yaroslav V. , Skoryk Mykola A.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Among children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsils undergoing adenoidectomy, 31.3% of cases show hypertrophy of the torus tubarius, even in the absence of middle ear pathology. However, the nature of the changes in this anatomical area in these children has not been described.
The aim of the study: to investigate and evaluate morphological changes of pharyngeal tonsil and torus tubarius in children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil.
Materials and methods: histological investigation and scanning electron microscopy were performed on fragments of pharyngeal tonsil and torus tubarius, obtained during adenoidectomy of 12 children with nasal breathing disturbances (Group 1) and 13 children with concomitant inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (Group 2).
Results: In patients of Group 2, changes in the pharyngeal tonsil were more pronounced, showing inflammatory alterations such as infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the covering epithelium and subepithelial layer, as well as lymphocytes in the covering epithelium, along with the presence of fibrosis compared to patients of Group 1. Additionally, samples covered by biofilms were significantly more frequently identified in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (53.8% vs. 16.6%, p<0.05). The mucosal changes in the torus tubarius corresponded to the nature of the changes observed in the pharyngeal tonsil in the respective group. Biofilms in the torus tubarius samples were found in 38.5% of cases in Group 2 and 8.3% of cases in Group 1 (p<0.05).
Conclusions: 1. In children with hypertrophy of pharyngeal tonsil and torus tubarius, the morphological characteristics of the mucous membrane of torus tubarius are similar to those observed in the mucous membrane of pharyngeal tonsil of the respective group. 2. Biofilms were reliably more frequently identified on the surface of pharyngeal tonsil and torus tubarius in children with upper respiratory tract infections than in patients with nasal breathing disturbances. 3. The detected changes provide a basis for revising the therapeutic approach to hypertrophic torus tubarius in children with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy.
Sosialisasi Pengaruh Pendidikan Keluarga bagi Pembentukan Karakter Anak
Authors: Kurmalasari Tety , Atmadinata Atmadinata , Swastiwi Anastasia Wiwik , Habiba Siti , Tampubolon Rines Onixy
Published: December 2023

Pada dasarnya perkembangan karakter anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh pola asuh orang tua atau seorang ibu yang merupakan contoh utama atau role model terhadap anaknya. Di Sei Jang laut terdapat banyak orang tua masih menggunakan pola asuh tradisional dalam mendidik anak, di mana anak melakukan kesalahan anak yaitu dengan dipukul atau dimarahi dengan kata-kata kasar dan nada suara yang tinggi sehingga orang tua perlu memahami tahap perkembangan fisik maupun perkembangan kognitif pada anak. Dengan adanya sosialisasi orang tua merupakan contoh utama dalam keluarga sehingga pola asuh yang baik dapat menanamkan dan membudayakan karakter anak sejak dini agar diperoleh karakter yang baik dan berkualitas serta dapat mewujudkan bangsa yang bermoral tinggi bagi generasi penerus bangsa. Tujuan dari pengabdian di Sei Jang, RT.001/RW.001 Kota Tanjungpinang yaitu mengupayakan dan memotivasi kesadaran orang tua untuk mengarahkan, mengontrol dan membimbing anak-anaknya agar dapat menghadapi tantangan kehidupan ke depan dan penentu masa depan serta memberikan semangat dan pencerahan rohani kepada orang tua dan keluarga. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini yaitu sosialisasi dengan metode ceramah, yaitu tentang pola asuh anak sesuai dengan syair Raja Ali Haji dan sesuai Alquran, pada hari selanjutnya pengisian angket tentang pola asuh anak dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu observasi lapangan dan pengisian angket / kuesioner kepada responden yang berjumlah 19 orang. Dari hasil pengabdian ini, terdapat lebih banyak pola asuh otoriter yang dilakukan masyarakat Sei Jang sehingga dengan adanya sosialisasi ini masyarakat Menambah ilmu bagi keluarga yang mengikuti acara ini terutama pola asuh yang benar dan Meningkatkan kembali peranan keluarga sebagai pendidik pertama terhadap anak-anak, memperkuat karakter anak serta memberikan contoh teladan dan figur.
Pelatihan Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada Raudatul Athfal dan Madrasah Ibtidaiah di Pontianak Utara
Authors: Fitriawan Dona , Hartoyo Agung , Hamdani Hamdani , Siregar Nurfadilah , T Ahmad Yani , Pasaribu Revi Lestari , R Zubaidah , Sulistyowati Endar
Published: December 2023

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melatih guru Raudatul Athfal dan Madrasah Ibtidaiah ketika mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka. Kebutuhan Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada guru RA dan MI didasari diskusi dengan mahasiswa pascasarjana pendidikan matematika dan mereka juga selaku guru/kepala sekolah/anggota MGMP sekecamatan Pontianak utara terkhusus RA dan MI yang memandang kebutuhan mendesak akan IKM tersebut. Kegiatan Pengabdian ini diadakan secara luring berlokasi di Aula RA Babussalam kecamatan Pontianak utara. Teknik dan Instrumen pengumpul datanya adalah teknik komunikasi langsung dan tak langsung, teknik observasi, dan teknik dokumentasi dengan alatnya berupa wawancara, lembar pengamatan, angket, dan dokumen-dokumen terkait. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana analisis kebutuhan implementasi kurikulum merdeka setelah pandemic, lembar pengamatan digunakan untuk mengamati jalannya pelatihan, diskusi dan tanya jawab yang terjadi di dalamnya, sedangkan dokumentasi digunakan untuk meninjau kebutuhan teori, materi, dan proses pelaksanaan yang berkeiatan dengan implementasi tersebut juga tak lupa angket respons guru untuk melihat keterlaksanaan keberhasilan program. Persiapan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan pelatihan ini berupa: 1) panduan modul ajar; 2) panduan dokumen ATP; 3) panduan pembelajaran dan asesmen; 4) modul penguatan proyek Pancasila; 5) panduan pengembangan proyek; dan 6) panduan pendidikan khusus. Dengan hasil yang diperoleh adalah: 1) adanya draft perangkat pembelajaran Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka yang berhasil disusun; 2) kesepakatan pelatihan secara berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan; 3) artikel publikasi ilmiah yang siap diterbitkan di jurnal nasional terakreditasi. Kegiatan ini diikuti dengan sangat antusias dengan dibuktikan dengan kehadiran peserta selaku guru lebih dari 100 peserta dan mendapatkan dampak yang positif dengan diukur melalui pengumpulan produk secara antusias berupa draft perangkat pembelajaran IKM yang dinilai oleh tim pengabdian sangat layak diimplementasikan sebagai panduan kurikulum di sekolah tersebut dan nantinya diterapkan ke peserta didik. Juga tak lupa respons guru yang positif dan sangat baik ketika dilakukan penyebaran angket respons.
Pelatihan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Video Berbasis Kurikulum Merdeka bagi Guru Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan di Sekolah
Authors: Mahlianurrahman Mahlianurrahman , Putra Alpidsyah , Rafli Muhammad Febri
Published: December 2023

Kegiatan pelatihan pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis kurikulum merdeka berangkat dari permasalahan kekerasan yang sering terjadi di sekolah SD Al Washliyah Langsa dan keinginan guru untuk berlatih dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis kurikulum merdeka. Kemudian masih terdapat guru yang belum bisa membuat media ajar pencegahan kekerasan dan belum ada guru mengembangkan media ajar pencegahan kekerasan. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis kurikulum merdeka yang memuat materi pencegahan kekerasan. Kurikulum merdeka yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah merupakan salah satu upaya agar suasana sekolah aman dan nyaman. Agar tujuan tersebut dapat tercapai maka kegiatan ini diselenggarakan dengan menggunakan metode Asset Based Community Development (ABCD). Data peningkatan kemampuan guru diperoleh melalui tes pemahaman dan dianalisis menggunakan uji deskriptif. Pelatihan ini telah meningkatkan kemampuan 25 orang guru Sekolah Dasar dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis kurikulum merdeka yang memuat materi pencegahan kekerasan.
Pelatihan Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru dalam Merancang Proyek P5 Berbasis Literasi di SDN 1 Silanca Poso
Authors: Tungka Novalita Fransisca , Taroreh Erwin , Eliaumra Eliaumra , Tungka Chlara Vindi , Ratimba Ketrin , Anwar Rabiatul Adawia
Published: December 2023

Kompetensi guru adalah faktor utama keberhasilan perancangan Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila atau P5 yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, satuan pendidikan, dan masyarakat. Guru yang berkompeten dalam mengintegrasikan berbagai jenis literasi dalam P5 akan mampu merancang proyek P5 sebagai aksi dan solusi atas permasalahan sehari-hari yang dialami oleh siswa dan masyarakat sekitarnya, baik di dunia nyata maupun di dunia maya. Hasil analisis situasi tim pelaksana menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan sosial yang dialami oleh SDN 1 Silanca sebagai mitra program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah cyberbullying dan pornografi di media sosial yang mengincar anak-anak serta pencemaran lingkungan di daerah aliran sungai Sungai Poso di Desa Silanca, sehingga P5 yang dibutuhkan oleh SDN 1 Silanca adalah P5 berbasis literasi lingkungan, literasi kewargaan, dan literasi digital. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini berbentuk pelatihan dan pendampingan bagi guru SDN 1 Silanca yang dilaksanakan selama dua bulan dengan metode Participatory Learning and Action. Data kuantitatif dan kualitatif diperoleh melalui tes, daftar tilik, observasi, dan Focus Group Discussion serta diolah dengan prosedur deskriptif kuantitatif dan analisis deskriptif. Output dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan teknologi serta mengolah informasi digital untuk merancang P5 berbasis literasi lingkungan dan literasi kewargaan.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Android dengan Konteks Kemaritiman bagi Guru di SMP N 1 Bintan
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Sumarni Een , Putri Nurul Hilda Syani
Published: December 2023

Era society 5.0 menuntut guru untuk inovatif dan produktif memanfaatkan IPTEK seperti doratoon, canva, articulate storyline dan apk builder dalam membuat bahan ajar berbasis aplikasi android yang kontekstual dan berbasis kebutuhan Masyarakat maupun masalah di lingkungan peserta didik agar pembelajaran mudah dipahami yang sesuai dengan P5 dalam kurikulum Merdeka. Maka, bagi sekolah di Kepulauan Riau perlu mengintegrasikan konteks kemaritiman dalam pembelajaran. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan kepala SMPN 1 Bintan terdapat permasalahan yaitu: guru belum memaksimalkan pemanfaatan teknologi, kurangnya motivasi pentingnya media pembelajaran interaktif, proses pembelajaran berpusat pada guru, dan kesulitan mengintegrasikan kontekstual kemaritiman dalam materi. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) bertujuan menambah wawasan, pengetahuan serta keterampilan guru membuat media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi android dengan konteks kemaritiman. Bentuk kegiatan PKM adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan media pembelajaran aplikasi android menggunakan konteks kemaritiman. Instrumen angket google form digunakan untuk pengambilan data evaluasi dan pemahaman peserta yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil angket menunjukkan: (1) Peserta memiliki pengetahuan tentang media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi android dengan mengaitkan konteks kemaritiman; (2) Meningkatnya keterampilan guru membuat media pembelajaran aplikasi android dengan mengintegrasikan konteks kemaritiman. Hasil PKM mengimplikasikan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi dengan konteks kemaritiman merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan IPTEKS dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik lingkungan peserta didik.