bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Smoking and Pulmonary Function Test by Body Mass Index and Age: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Choi Jisu , Park Eunju , Sull Jae Woong
Published: November 2021

Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung function considering obesity and age group.Methods: This study was based on the data collected during the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES VII). A total of 3,411 adults were retrieved from KNHANES VII. Among 3,411 adults, we studied 1,411 male subjects. Impaired lung function was measured by spirometry at least twice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance.Results: In this study, forced expiratory volume in the first second was associated with smoking status (P=0.024). The association was stronger in old subjects (P=0.008). Also, in the obese group, the association of lung function with smoking status was not significant, but the association was significant in the non-obese group (P=0.019).Conclusions: In this study, Smoking was significantly associated with impaired lung function. The association was stronger in old men and obese men. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between smoking and pulmonary function values, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.
Changes in Indicators after Assessment of Diabetes Mellitus Adequacy Evaluation: Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Data 2010-2015
Authors: Kang Hyun-Soo , Lim Min-Taek , Kim Bo-Yeon , Han Kyong-Do , Lee Keun-Mi , Jung Seung-Pil
Published: November 2021

Background: The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service has conducted diabetes medical adequacy evaluation projects since 2010. This study aimed to evaluate the medical adequacy of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the assessment project and help establish the direction of future projects.Methods: Using data from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (2010-2015), chi-square tests and t-tests were used to analyze the enforcement rate according to a combination of items for appropriate management methods. Logistic regression and linearity test were performed to assess the relationships among the evaluation group, appropriate test items, and prescription rate.Results: We found that 33.6-39.8% of patients did not undergo any diabetes-related tests. Only about 7% of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) tests were performed, and 36% of cases were tested simultaneously with serum lipid profile tests. As age increased, the number of days taken to prescribe diabetes medications also increased.The prescription rate of diabetes drugs for 292 days or more was 61% in patients who had not been tested for adequacy, and the average prescription rate increased as the number of tests increased.Conclusions: In older adults with a high prevalence of diabetes, it is necessary to establish a test rate for proper management of diabetes, including HbA1c, and related test items to increase the average prescription rate.
Factors Associated with Postoperative Recovery among Lung Cancer Patients with Walking Exercise after Lung Resection
Authors: Kim Yesol , Choi JiYeon , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Mona
Published: November 2021

Background: Treatment for lung cancer, which has high incidence and mortality rates, involves lung resection; however, the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications is high. Early walking exercise is a core strategy for preventing complications and promoting postoperative recovery, which is essential for returning to everyday life. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the postoperative recovery of patients who performed walking exercises in an intensive care unit after having a lung resection.Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 90 patients on the day before discharge at a tertiary hospital in Seoul between April and June 2019. Patients’ postoperative recovery was measured using the Postoperative Recovery Profile.Results: The mean score for postoperative recovery was 0.70±0.41 out of 3, 0 being none of the problems. Among the five subcategories, the psychological dimension had the highest recovery level at 0.57±0.58, while physical symptoms were rated lowest at 0.89±0.50. As a result of regression analysis, employment status (β=4.353, P=0.005), symptoms of nausea and vomiting during walking (β=0.596, P=0.043), and perceived exertion during walking (β=1.105, P=0.007) were associated with postoperative recovery.Conclusions: The study indicated unemployed patients, those with more nausea and vomiting, and those who perceived severe exertion during walking showed lower perceived postoperative recovery levels. Not only multidisciplinary, patient-tailored interventions to facilitate return to work after surgery but also interventions to control physical symptoms actively should be developed and implemented to achieve higher postoperative recovery levels. Patients also need to exercise at an appropriate subjective level of perceived exertion.
The Effect of Changes in Family Developmental Stage According to Child Independence on the Incidence of Depression in South Korean Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Lee Hyun Jin , Hong Seung Wan , Kim Dae Hyun , Suh Young Sung , Kim Jeong Woo , Lee Nu Ri
Published: November 2021

Background: The incidence of depression in middle-aged adults is increasing and has been affected by physiological changes and various sociodemographic factors. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression and changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence in South Korean middle-aged adults living with children.Methods: This study included 1,593 people in the age group of 45-64 years who participated in the first survey of the Korean longitudinal study of aging in 2006. Participants did not have depression, lived with unmarried children, and responded to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10 scale and child-related questions in the 7th survey (2018). The chi-squared test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences in depression according to general characteristics and family developmental stage. The generalized estimating equation model was used to longitudinally examine the effect of changes in the family developmental stage on the incidence of depression from the 1st to the 7th survey.Results: Changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence have a significant effect on the incidence of depression in middle-aged adults (P=0.000). In addition, in the generalized estimating equation model, the longitudinal association between changes in the family developmental stage and the incidence of depression was confirmed.Conclusions: Therefore, confirming the independence of children as an important factor is essential in the management of depression in middle-aged adults.
Impact of a Doctor's Verbal Recommendation on Pneumococcal 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine among High-Risk Patients for Pneumonia in a Primary Care Setting
Authors: Kim Jihan , Lee Sami , Kim Jong Sung
Published: November 2021

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in Korea. This study aimed to enhance the vaccination rate by evaluating the effectiveness of current methods of recommendation.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 143 patients with high risk of pneumonia among first-visit outpatients was conducted. High-risk patients for pneumonia are defined by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. One hundred and twenty-seven patients, excluding 16 with pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccination (PCV13) history prior to the first visit, were divided into three groups according to the method of vaccination recommendation: banner (B) group; banner+brochure (B+Br) group; banner+brochure+doctor's recommendation (B+Br+DR) group. The vaccination rates among patients in each group were compared.Results: Patients with high risk of pneumonia showed 11.2% rate for PCV13 vaccination upon their first visit;however, this rate increased to 39.2% following counseling (P<0.001). Variation among the three groups was as follows: 9.0% in the B group, 20.0% in the B+Br group, and 75.0% in the B+Br+DR group (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, high-risk group, occupation, and residence, a regression analysis was carried out. The odds ratio for the PCV13 vaccination rate compared to the B group was 2.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55-11.34) for the B+Br group and 43.72 (95% CI, 11.52-165.96) for the B+Br+DR group.Conclusions: Among the available methods, we are thought to be more effective to add doctor's verbal recommendation in a clinical setting.
Protein Intake by Korean Adults through Meals
Authors: Kim Kyo Woon , Park Hyun Ah , Cho Young Gyu , Bong A Ra
Published: November 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the adequacy of protein intake through meals and present the major protein sources of Korean adults.Methods: Cross-sectional data of 15,639 adults aged 19 years or older from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were obtained. The total, animal, plant protein intakes were assessed using 1-day 24-hour recall. The distinction between breakfast, lunch, and dinner was based on the subjective answers of the participants.Results: The adequacy of protein intake based on the Recommended Nutrient Intake was 67.4±1.2% and 62.9±1.1% in young men and women, respectively; it was 51.9±1.4% and 35.7±1.3% in older men and women, respectively. For men, the proportions of proteins through meals were 17.4±0.3%, 32.6±0.3%, 38.4±0.3%, and 11.6±0.2% for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks, respectively. The women showed a similar distribution. In both men and women, as the age group progressed from the young (10.9±0.4 g/day, 12.2±0.4%) to the old (16.9±0.3 g/day, 27.3±0.4%), their intake of proteins and their proportions in meals taken as breakfast also increased, while their dinner protein intake and proportion decreased. The highest-ranked and the 2nd highest-ranked protein sources among the young and middle-aged groups were meat and grains, respectively; the third sources were fish and shellfish. In the old-age group, grains were the highest-ranked protein sources across all three meals.Conclusions: Despite the increase in protein intake, one out of three young people and two out of three older adults in Korea had inadequate protein intake and uneven meal distributions of protein intake.
Asymptotic formulas for the left truncated moments of sums with consistently varying distributed increments
Authors: Sprindys Jonas , Šiaulys Jonas
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we consider the sum Snξ = ξ1 + ... + ξn of possibly dependent and nonidentically distributed real-valued random variables ξ1, ... , ξn with consistently varying distributions. By assuming that collection {ξ1, ... , ξn} follows the dependence structure, similar to the asymptotic independence, we obtain the asymptotic relations for E((Snξ)α1(Snξ > x)) and E((Snξ – x)+)α, where α is an arbitrary nonnegative real number. The obtained results have applications in various fields of applied probability, including risk theory and random walks.
Entropy generation for MHD natural convection in enclosure with a micropolar fluid saturated porous medium with Al2O3Cu water hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Mahdy A. , Ahmed S.E. , Mansour M.A.
Published: November 2021

This contribution gives a numerical investigation of buoyancy-driven flow of natural convection heat transfer and entropy generation of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu) within an enclosure square porous cavity. Hybrid nanofluids represent a novel type of enhanced active fluids. During the current theoretical investigation, an actual available empirical data for both thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of hybrid nanofluids are applied directly. Numerical simulation have been implemented for solid nanoparticles, the volumetric concentration of which varies from 0.0% (i.e., pure fluid) to 0.1% of hybrid nanofluids. Heat and sink sources are situated on a part of the left and right sides of the cavity with length B, while the upper and bottom horizontal sides are kept adiabatic. The stated partial differential equations describing the flow are mutated to a dimensionless formulas, then solved numerically via the help of an implicit finite difference approach. The acquired computations are given in terms of streamlines, isotherms, isomicrorotations, isoconcentraions, local Began number, total entropy, local and mean Nusselt numbers. The data illustrates that variations of ratio of the average Nusselt number to the averageNusselt of pure fluid Num+ is a decreasing function of Ha and φ, while e+ is an increasing function of Ha and φ parameters of hybrid nanofluid.
The Paleoarchean and Mesoarchean TTGs of the western Azov area, the Ukrainian Shield
Authors: Artemenko G.V. , Shumlyanskyy L.V.
Published: November 2021

A large anticline structure occurs in the western part of the Azov Domain of the Ukrainian Shield. It is composed of rocks of the Mesoarchean (3.2-3.0 Ga) granite-greenstone association and relics of an older basement. The anticline is divided into two parts by the Bilotserkivka structure of sub-latitudinal strike. The northern part includes the Huliaipole and Remivka blocks, and the southern part comprises the Saltycha anticline. The U-Pb age of plagiogneisses of the Lantsevo anticline of the Bilotserkivka structure is 3299 ± 11 Ma. In terms of geochemical characteristics, they correspond to TTGs. In the western part of the Bilotserkivka structure, we previously identified quartz diorites having an age of 3297 ± 22 Ma. These data show that the Bilotserkivka structure represents an ancient basement. Dislocated trondhjemites were studied in the Ivanivka area at the eastern part of the Saltycha anticline. They contain numerous relics of heavily altered amphibolites. The U-Pb age of zircons from trondhjemite is 3013 ± 15 Ma. These rocks are of the same age as TTGs of the Shevchenko Complex cutting through the sedimentary- volcanogenic rocks of the greenstone structures of the Azov Domain. They share age and geochemical characteristics with biotite and amphibole-biotite gneisses of the “Kainkulak beds” in the Zrazkove village located at the Mokra Konka river (3.1-3.0 Ga) and with biotite gneisses in the lower reaches of the Kainkulak river (2.92 Ga). Thus, gneisses of the “Kainkulak beds” actually represent the Mesoarchean TTGs of the Shevchenko Complex, transformed in the Paleoproterozoic time due to the dislocation metamorphism. The late Paleoarchean (3.3 Ga) tonalites are known in the West Azov and KMA domains; they probably also occur in the basement of the Middle Dnieper domains, where detrital zircons of this age have been reported. These data allow us to assume the existence of a large Late Paleoarchean (3.3 Ga) protocraton, in which the Mesoarchean (3.2-3.0 Ga) greenstone belts and TTGs of the eastern part of the Ukrainian Shield and the KMA Domain were formed.
Dexamethasone Versus Prednisone in Children Hospitalized for Acute Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Hemani Sunita Ali , Glover Brianna , Ball Samantha , Rechler Willi , Wetzel Martha , Hames Nicole , Jenkins Elan , Lantis Patricia , Fitzpatrick Anne , Varghese Sarah
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Extensive literature supports using dexamethasone (DEX) in children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations; however, only limited studies have assessed this in hospitalized children. In this study, we evaluate the outcomes of DEX versus prednisone/prednisolone (PRED) use in children hospitalized for mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations.

METHODS

This multisite retrospective cohort study included children between 3 and 21 years of age hospitalized to a tertiary care children’s hospital system between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, with a primary discharge diagnosis of acute asthma exacerbation or status asthmaticus. Primary study outcome was mean hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary outcomes included PICU transfers during initial hospitalization and ED revisits and hospital readmissions within 10 days after discharge. Generalized linear models were used to model logged LOS as a function of steroid and demographic and clinical covariates. The analysis was stratified by initial steroid timing.

RESULTS

Of the 1410 children included, 981 received only DEX and 429 received only PRED. For children who started oral steroids after hospital arrival, DEX cohort had a significantly shorter adjusted mean hospital LOS (DEX 24.43 hours versus PRED 29.38 hours; P = .03). For children who started oral steroids before hospital arrival, LOS did not significantly differ (DEX 26.72 hours versus PRED 25.20 hours; P = .45). Rates of PICU transfers, ED revisits, and hospital readmissions were uncommon events.

CONCLUSION

Children hospitalized with mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations have significantly shorter hospital LOS when starting DEX rather than PRED on admission.
The Effect of Sitting Versus Standing on Family Perceptions of Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Osborn Rachel , Grossman Matthew , Berkwitt Adam
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Previous studies reveal improved perception of time spent, as well as overall experience, for patients when their inpatient provider is seated during an encounter. With our study, we aim to establish whether family experience and perception of time is improved when a pediatric inpatient provider team sits for patient and family-centered rounds.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

From February 2017 to November 2017, 99 inpatient encounters were randomly assigned to either a sitting or standing rounding team. Mean total time spent on rounds, family perception of time spent on rounds, and overall family experience with rounds (by using top-box analysis of physician communication questions) were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS

Total time spent on rounds was similar between the 2 groups (14.2 minutes in the sitting group and 12.7 minutes in the standing group; P = .23), and families in general overestimated the time spent with physicians in both groups (15.9 minutes in sitting group and 14.8 minutes in the standing group; P = .45). There were no significant differences in top-box experience responses (62% in sitting and 55% in standing; P = .12).

CONCLUSIONS

Sitting during the patient and family-centered rounds encounter did not affect actual or perceived time spent during rounds. Families may have a slightly more positive experience with seated rounds, but the difference in this study did not reach a level of statistical significance.
Control by the Special Services (OGPU-NKVD): Foreign Specialists and Representatives of Non-Titular Nations in the Trust ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ (1918 – First Half of the 1930s)
Authors:   Friedrich–Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Malinova-Tziafeta Olga
Published: November 2021

Introduction. This article deals with foreign workers and specialists in the ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust in Leningrad. The trust was involved in the design, construction and operation of water supply and sewerage – the most important systems for the modernization of urban space. Obviously, the attitude towards foreigners could have its own specifics in relation to other enterprises, since the trust did not belong to the most important industrial branches. So, in particular, the so-called Secret Section with a number of secret departments or the Special Bureau, a kind of branch of the OGPU-NKVD, are gradually beginning to play an increasingly important role in the management of this enterprise. Methods and materials. The article is based on materials from the Central State Archives of St. Petersburg, ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust, and one of the secret departments. Analysis. Through the Special Bureau in the late 1920s – 1930s new principles of interaction with employees were introduced. The Special Bureau paid special attention to the so-called “former people”, representatives of non-titular peoples of the USSR and, of course, foreigners. All this took place under conditions of an acute shortage of skilled labour in Leningrad. Results. Thus, the interests of the economic development of the state came into conflict with other interests, which in literature are designated to be “ideological” and are rarely analysed in detail. In the course of this analysis, it was possible to establish that the foreigners were not too closely associated with ideology. On the contrary, education of labour discipline and counteraction to sabotage, as well as domestic and foreign political events, came to the fore. The secret branch of the trust did exercise control over the work of its employees and, if necessary, could directly contact the police or the OGPU-NKVD. Apparently, there were no obvious problems with foreigners at the enterprise, however, there was noticeable observation of a preventive nature. Thus, the role of the OGPU-NKVD in the development of Soviet industry in the 1930s is studied using the example of the ‘Vodokanalizatsiya’ trust.
Sharing Economy in Russia: A Possible New Source of Political Participation and Democratization?
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Belokonev Sergey , Shogenov Murat ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Khokonov Anzor ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Scientific understanding of current and future trends in the development of society, the formulation of problems of social development, and even more so its prediction is associated with the analysis of the role and place of modern and promising communication technologies in the complex architecture of social interactions. Today, such technologies determine the direction of restructuring traditional political and economic institutions contribute to the formation of fundamentally new formats of social interactions. The beginning of the 21st century was marked by a wide spread of sharing relations – old socio-economic practices of joint (shared) use of goods in a new technical and technological design. The driver of the development of joint consumption practices has also been the spread of global trends in the transition from a system of strong fundamental links between socioeconomic entities to weaker but numerous temporary links. Methods and materials. In the course of the study, the sharing economy was considered through the prism of structural-functional, neoinstitutional and network approaches. The authors used system analysis, interdisciplinary and empirical methods (questionnaire, expert survey), as well as the method of social modeling. The materials for the study were the publications of leading foreign and domestic researchers of the issue in peer-reviewed scientific publications, as well as the results of a cross-regional sociological study conducted by the authors. Analysis. Currently, an institutional formation of a new ontological reality within which self-regulating, more autonomous from the state, sharing communities built on the network principle function is taking place. Through the liberalization of access to a wide range of benefits through low-cost channels, sharing contributes to the growth of trust, social well-being, and reduction of social tension. At the same time, the uncontrolled spread of sharing practices is fraught with a drop in the level of institutional and interpersonal trust, an increase in conflict in society, and the deformation of regional and sectoral labor markets, which will naturally affect social well-being and political stability. Results. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis of the study that the practices of joint consumption in Russia have a pronounced development potential and a growing influence on the political sphere through the growth of political activity of the population participating in these practices, through the actualization of microsocial contracts and the subsequent translation of their content to the macro level.
COVID-19 Country Strategies Counteraction: A System Analysis Experience
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Abisheva Marian , Marmontova Taissiya ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Dulambayeva Raushan ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Baglay Bauyrzhan ,   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The article discusses the features of the regulation of counteraction measures in the initial period of the pandemic. When choosing the object of the study, the authors proceeded from the assumption that the effectiveness of responding to COVID-19 threats is related to the capabilities of public administration systems to be adaptive and respond promptly to changes in the situation. The authors focused on studying the process of adaptation of management systems to a new type of threat, for this purpose the situation in countries with maximum and minimum mortality rates was studied. Methods and materials. The methodology is based on the use of the Evidence-based policy principle, implemented through desk research and event analysis. The chosen methodology made it possible to identify a number of typical response strategies based on attempts of “suppression and deterrence”, “mitigation and struggle”, “support and assistance”, expressed in lockdowns of varying degrees of severity. Analysis. Typical measures in the political sphere include the creation of government crisis response headquarters and the development of national plans to combat the epidemic. Most of the damage received by States during the COVID-19 pandemic is due to underestimation of the situation and risks of biological safety, lack of experience in responding. Results. Conclusions were drawn about the economic and political consequences of the implementation of state strategies, their impact on national security. In particular, it was noted that administrative measures (China) give a quick effect with great complexity of implementation, but most states prefer to balance between the necessary restrictions and maintaining the viability of economies. As a result, the final conclusion was made that the practice of crisis management should become an integral part of government responses to shocks in the future.
Debates About Russia, America, and New World Order: Four Books from the 1850s
Authors:   European University at Saint Petersburg, Kurilla Ivan
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The first major crisis of the international relations system founded in Vienna after Napoleonic wars emerged with the series of European revolutions of 1848–1849 and Crimean War of 1853–1856. Not only diplomatic alliances required to be re-evaluated, but also politicians and thinkers challenged the philosophical foundations of the world order. As Russia was the guarantor of the old system, and the United States appeared as an attractive model for the European revolutionaries, the debate on the new world order involved re-assessment of the two countries respective roles and of their future relations. Methods and materials. The article examines books on the subject written during 1850s by four prominent thinkers: American aspiring politician Henry Winter Davis, Russian diplomat Alexei Evstafiev, Polish émigré and American journalist Adam Gurowski and Russian political émigré Ivan Golovin. Analysis. They provided four different visions of the future of the world, and, while never mentioning each other, produced a polyphonic sound of the important debate on the eve of the American Civil War. Results. Bipolarity of the international system predicted by Davis became a fact only a century later, while criticism and praise to American role as a model and an intervening power in European affairs became a constant feature of any subsequent debate.
G.A. Gerasimenko: Breaks of Fate and Creativity of the Historian
Authors:   Samara National Research University, Kabytov Petr , Kabytova Nadezhda ,   Samara National Research University, Barinova Ekaterina ,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Currently, interest in studying the creative heritage of prominent Russian historians has increased significantly, the formation of conceptual views of which took place under the conditions of the dominance of the Marxist-Leninist methodology. Such researchers include Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Grigory Alekseevich Gerasimenko. His scientific heritage is widely and highly appreciated by specialists. Methods and materials. The fate and scientific work of the scientist was recreated on the basis of the works published by him, reviews of them, attraction of memoirs, bibliographic reference books and some documentary materials on the basis of which his works were created. In this article, on the basis of the anthropological method, the problems of scientific research by G.A. Gerasimenko at different periods of his life and work are analyzed; the principles and methods of research practices of the scientist are considered. Analysis. The first stage of scientific and pedagogical activity of the scientist is connected with the Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky, where he studied, then taught at the Faculty of History and created his scientific works. They present observations and conclusions about the party-political struggle in the councils of workers’ and soldiers’ deputies of the Volga region; on the basis of mass historical sources, the forms and methods of organizing peasant committees in 1917 were shown, the dynamics of their social composition were revealed. These definitions conditioned the historian’s contribution to the study of the topical issues of the Great Russian Revolution. The article shows the expansion of the chronological and territorial framework of research by G.A. Gerasimenko during the Moscow period of his scientific activity. He turned to identifying the prerequisites for radical actions of peasants, revealed the causes of conflicts between the people and the authorities, and outlined the positions of public organizations during the revolution. Results. Analyzing the work of the historian, the authors revealed traditions and innovations in his work, noted new methodological techniques and historiographic plots in the scientist’s creative laboratory.
Reconstruction of the Battle on the Hills in the South of Stalingrad of September 8 - September 10, 1942
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Elokhina Alexandra , Stelnik Evgeny ,   Volgograd State University
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The result of the Battle of Stalingrad supersedes the course of the battle itself in a great deal of historical literature. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in recent literature Stalingrad is increasingly becoming “mythologized” (A. Isaev), “unknown” (E. Kobyakov) or “forgotten” (A. Chunikhin), the return to the actual history of the Battle of Stalingrad takes the form of criticism of a generalized view, which on examination often turns out to be incorrect. Methods and materials. The work uses the methods of microhistory formulated in 1958 by the American historian J. Stewart. The actions of Red Army units are reconstructed on the basis of documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The actions of Wehrmacht units are described on the basis of captured German documents from Fund 500 of the same archive. The data from the battle log of the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps and the battle log of the 24th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht were taken from the book of Australian historian J. Mark. Analysis. The terrain to the south and south-east of Stalingrad largely determined the course of battle of the operational group of Major-General N.M. Pozharsky and the right flank divisions of the 64th Army with units of XXXXVIII Panzer Corps of General V. Kämpf. The essence of this confrontation was a fierce struggle for commanding heights. Results. At 16:30 on 11 September Major von der Lancken’s group was disbanded, and the tanks returned to their divisions. As a result of the offensive of September 8-11 the Germans managed to capture key heights in the south of Stalingrad. Nevertheless, in these battles XXXXVIII Panzer Corps suffered losses that it could not make up for. This gave the defenders of Stalingrad a chance, which they took. Due to the large volume of archival materials, the author’s team was divided. A.K. Elokhina processed German sources, and E.V. Stelnik processed data from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The concept of the article emerged in the course of joint discussions.
Paleogenetic Analysis of the Residents from the Moscow Kremlin’s Podol (Lower Area) of the 14th Century (According to the Materials of Excavations in the Taynitsky Garden)
Authors:   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Alborova Irina , Mustafin Kharis ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Mednikova Maria ,   Institute of Archaeology RAS, Buzhilova Alexandra ,   Institute of Archaeology RAS, Engovatova Asya ,   Institute of Archaeology RAS
Published: November 2021

Introduction. The article presents the results of paleogenetic studies of medieval human remains of three people found in a closed archaeological complex (building 32) revealed during the excavations in 2007 in the Taynitsky Garden of the Moscow Kremlin (supervisor of excavations: N.A. Makarov). Previous studies on the dating of the complex links it to the devastation of Moscow by the troops of Tokhtamysh Khan in August 1382. The archaeological layer was formed at a time as a result of a fire and contained the remains of two adults and a 3-4 year old child who remained unburied. The aim of this work was the genetic study of the ancient DNA of the remains of people who died in the 14th century, clarification of their gender, determination of kinship and presumptive origin. Material and methods. For genetic examination, teeth were selected (permanent for adults, primary for a child). The laboratory research algorithm included a set of measures to protect archaeological DNA from contamination, sample preparation and extraction of DNA from dental remains, analysis of STR markers of the Y chromosome in males, analysis of ALU markers of autosomal chromosomes, targeted NGS sequencing of hyper-variable segments of mitochondrial DNA. Results and conclusion. Using the methods of molecular genetic research, it was possible to confirm that a man, a young woman and a child (boy) died in the fire. Based on the analysis of autosomal markers, with a high degree of probability (99.9%), a close biological relationship between a woman and a child (mother-son) was revealed. The man was not a relative of either the woman or the child. The mtDNA haplogroups and STR markers of the male specific Y chromosome identified in all three individuals are generally characteristic of the Slavic population of modern Europe. The mt haplogroup J1c, found in mother and child, is now most characteristic of the inhabitants of Europe. The man has a mitochondrial haplogroup K2, which is found mainly in Northwestern Europe.
October 2020 Protests in Poland. A Case Study of Olkusz
Authors:   Institute of Political and Administration Science, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Kamionka Mateusz
Published: November 2021

Introduction. In October 2020 the most extensive social protests took place in Poland since the democratic transformation in 1989. They were caused pertinently by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s decision and government policy on abortion. Numerous protests were held all over the country, both in larger cities, smaller towns and villages. Methods and materials. The study presents the results of the internet surveying method (CAWI) and snowball sampling. These were the only methods which can be used to study protest participants themselves (busy straightening in the streets), but also useful because of the pandemic situation in Poland. A 30 question survey was filled by about 200 people who took part in the protest in Olkusz city. Analysis. Research was made in time of “first main wave of protests” period, i.e. October 24–26, 2020. The author underlines the role of youth in the protests, and wants to answer two main research questions, first of all: what was the role of ‘Generation Z’ in October protests, and as well: what are the political views of the protesters. Researches about the first “hours” of protest are mostly extremely rare, the article also allows to see not only new youth Gen Z, but also modern civil protests. Results. Results show that the participants comprising mostly youth were not conservative, and could easily be considered a new generation of Poles – quite different from their older colleagues. But how and why are youngsters so politically different?
Previsões para a produção de leite sob instabilidade pluviométrica no Ceará no período de 1974 a 2019
Authors: Paiva Elizama Cavalcante de , Lemos José de Jesus Sousa , Campos Robério Telmo
Published: November 2021

Resumo O setor da pecuária é fortemente influenciado pelos fenômenos climáticos, e a instabilidade pluviométrica se torna um entrave à capacidade produtiva, sobretudo dos municípios pertencentes ao semiárido. Os produtores planejam e organizam sua produção a partir de experiências passadas e criam expectativas quanto ao futuro. Este trabalho avaliou a forma como as variáveis exógenas (pluviometria e preços) interferiam nas previsões dos produtores de leite no Ceará, no período de 1974 a 2019. Geraram-se projeções acerca das variáveis endógenas sobre as quais os produtores de leite tinham poder de decisão (rebanho e produtividade). Embora eles não tivessem poder de decisão sobre o preço médio, que é determinado exogenamente pelo mercado, o estudo fez estimativas das formas de projeções também para essa variável. Estimou-se a maneira como provavelmente a pluviometria pudesse afetar as previsões das variáveis associadas à produção de leite. Utilizou-se do método ARIMA, proposto por Box e Jenkins (1976), para captar o comportamento das variáveis com base em séries históricas (1974-2019). Os resultados confirmaram o impacto indireto das chuvas e dos preços sobre as variáveis endógenas de decisão. As trajetórias das expectativas de produção e dos valores projetados, bem como os testes estatísticos realizados, sinalizaram a robustez dos ajustamentos feitos na pesquisa.
The different characteristics of real options in contracts of wind power in Brazil
Authors: Delapedra-Silva Vanderson Aparecido
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This paper investigates the existence of uncertainties in different wind power commercialization contracts in Brazil and their correlation with the Real Options associated with unmitigated risks in the Back up Energy and New Energy contracts. From a documentary review of existing contracts from 2009 to 2018, it was found that the Real Options on New Energy contracts are more susceptible to market uncertainties related to energy price in the short-term market. The Real Options associated with risks not mitigated in Back up Energy contracts are more linked to uncertainties regarding the power generation efficiency and the project plant expansion capacity in order to generate the anticipation of its supply.
O impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores inseridos em um ambiente de terapia grupal para afásicos
Authors: Lima Roxele Ribeiro , Silveira Natalia Cristina , Lima Helbert do Nascimento
Published: November 2021

RESUMO Objetivo o presente estudo comparou a qualidade de vida e percepções de cuidadores de sujeitos afásicos inseridos em um contexto de terapia grupal para afásicos. Métodos trata-se de um estudo transversal, observacional e quantitativo, realizado com 13 cuidadores de indivíduos afásicos que receberam atendimento grupal e 13 cuidadores de sujeitos afásicos que não receberam atendimento fonoaudiólogo grupal. Para coleta dos dados, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os cuidadores e utilizou-se o Questionário de Sobrecarga do Cuidador (Burden Interview – Zarit). Resultados constatou-se que 45,2% dos cuidadores referiram sobrecarga de moderada a severa. No entanto, a sobrecarga avaliada por meio do questionário foi de leve a moderada e sem diferença significativa entre o grupo com e sem terapia fonoaudiológica. Conclusão existe importante impacto na qualidade de vida de cuidadores de pacientes com afasia. Novos estudos são necessários para aprofundamento do papel da terapia fonoaudiológica em grupo na qualidade de vida de cuidadores.
Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05: An Acetic Acid Bacterium Isolated from Vinegar Industry, with High Capacity for Bacterial Cellulose Production in Soybean Molasses Medium
Authors: Gomes Rodrigo José , Faria-Tischer Paula Cristina de Sousa , Tischer Cesar Augusto , Constantino Leonel Vinicius , Rosa Morsyleide de Freitas , Chideroli Roberta Torres , Pereira Ulisses de Pádua , Spinosa Wilma Aparecida
Published: November 2021

Research background. Despite the great properties of bacterial cellulose, its manufacture is still limited due to difficulties in large-scale production. These problems are mainly related to low production yields and high overall costs of the conventional culture media normally used. To surpass these problems, it is necessary to identify new cheap and sustainable carbon sources. Thus, this work aims to isolate and select a high cellulose-producing Komagataeibacter strain from vinegar industry, and study its potential for bacterial cellulose synthesis in an industrial soybean co-product, known as soybean molasses, used as fermentation medium.
Experimental approach. One isolated strain was able to produce high amount of cellulose in the standard Hestrin-Schramm medium, so we tested its ability to produce this biopolymer in a soybean molasses medium. The characteristics and properties of the produced bacterial cellulose membranes were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, water-holding capacity and rehydration ratio. Genetic analysis of the selected strain served to determine its genus and species.
Results and conclusions. An isolated strain that produced the highest amount of cellulose in Hestrin-Schramm medium (3.7 g/L) was genetically identified as Komagataeibacter intermedius V-05. This strain produced 10.0 g/L of cellulose in soybean molasses medium. Membranes from both substrates had similar chemical structure, crystallinity and thermal degradation. Soybean molasses proved to be a suitable alternative medium for biosynthesis of cellulose in comparison with the standard medium. In addition to providing higher production yield, the membranes showed great structural characteristics, similar to those obtained from standard medium.
Novelty and scientific contribution. In this research, we have isolated and identified a Komagataeibacter strain which exhibits a high capacity for cellulose production in soybean molasses. The isolation and selection of strains with high capacity for microbial metabolite production is important for decreasing bioprocess costs. Furthermore, as there is a necessity today to find cheaper carbon sources to obtain microbial products at a lower cost, soybean molasses represents an interesting alternative medium to produce bacterial cellulose for its industrial application.
Paradoxes of G.W.F. Hegel’s Biography and Philosophical Ideology
Authors:   Moscow Region State University, Mytishi, Russian Federation, Kurabtsev Vasiliy
Published: November 2021

The article examines the paradoxical nature of G.W.F. Hegel’s biography and philosophical ideology. The essence of paradoxicality is substantiated by several factors – biographical, historical-philosophical, hermeneutical, and concrete-historical. The purpose of the work is to identify insufficiently known aspects of the personality and philosophical ideology of the thinker. Methodologically, the study is constructed using dialectical and historical-logical methods. The results of the study are to reveal the voluminous inconsistency of Hegel’s biography and thought; to clarify both the positive and negative aspects of his philosophical ideology. The author shows a number of paradoxes of Hegel’s philosophy: first, the understanding of development as a ‘hard’ war against itself and inattention to the multifactorial and non-linear nature of many processes; secondly, focusing on a logical idea belittles or denies the value of everything else, including living and human beings; thirdly, the desire to raise a person to ‘the highest’ position and at the same time enslave him as a universal creature and a state citizen; fourth, Hegel’s essentialism is frankly anti-existential and merciless to everything private and subjective; fifth, Hegel’s seemingly flawless scientific system suffers from inattention to the complexity and unpredictability of reality; sixth, the Lutheran religiosity of the philosopher turns out to be almost anti-Christian – with the non-recognition of the Most Holy Trinity, without the desire to become a ‘servant’ of another, etc.; seventh, Hegel’s decency and philistine ‘kindness’ are radically different from his pejorative attitude towards the female sex, other peoples, races, and civilizations. Colonialism is justified. Hence, it was quite natural for the German Nazis to turn to Hegel’s ideas. Eighth, the great dialectic has too much belittled the reality of static things, unambiguity and invariance. The novelty of the research lies in the recognition of the true causes and tasks of the thinker’s life and work; in the explanation of his main values, including his understanding of Christianity; in the clarification of the Hegel-German and Hegel-citizen positions. The conclusions of the study are related to the antithetical comparison of the ideology and philosophy of Hegel and Hesse, Hegel and Shestov. The author highlights anti-existential and racial-nationalist motives of the philosopher’s work.
Aplicación y uso del Modelo de Resonancia o Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE). Estudio de la lealtad de marca a través de la figura del influencer
Authors: Sanz-Marcos Paloma , Jiménez-Marín Gloria , Elías Zambrano Rodrigo
Published: November 2021

Los avances tecnológicos provocan un desafío para los formatos publicitarios tradicionales que presentan cierta dificultad a la hora desconectar con el público. La sobreexposición publicitaria provoca que los canales promocionales tradicionales pierdan su eficacia y los esfuerzos de comunicación se dirijan hacia la búsqueda de nuevos formatos para alcanzar a los consumidores de un modo no intrusivo como es el escenario del social media. En este contexto, y como punto de partida, cobra fuerza la figura del influencer, una herramienta estratégica que viene siendo utilizada por las marcas y que ha generado un gran impacto económico en ámbitos como la moda. El objetivo es, pues, profundizar en la influencia que estos persuasores ejercen sobre los consumidores en la elección de marcas de moda. La metodología empleada parte del triple enfoque e incluye varias técnicas de investigación, cualitativas y cuantitativas, y atiende tanto a consumidores como a influencers. Así, apoyado en el Modelo de Resonancia de Keller, se realizaron 9 entrevistas en profundidad a influencers en Instagram y se obtuvieron 1080 respuestas a una encuesta a seguidores. Los resultados indican que la lealtad de marca se ve ampliada gracias a la resonancia a la que contribuyen los influencers con sus acciones de colaboración con las marcas.