bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Computational Fluid Dynamics Evaluations of Film Cooling Flow Scaling Between Engine and Experimental Conditions
Authors: Rutledge James L. , Polanka Marc D. , Greiner Nathan J.
Published: August 2016

The hostile turbine environment requires testing film cooling designs in wind tunnels that allow for appropriate instrumentation and optical access, but at temperatures much lower than in the hot section of an engine. Low-temperature experimental techniques may involve methods to elevate the coolant to freestream density ratio to match or approximately match engine conditions. These methods include the use of CO2 or cold air for the coolant while room temperature air is used for the freestream. However, the density is not the only fluid property to differ between typical wind tunnel experiments so uncertainty remains regarding which of these methods best provide scaled film cooling performance. Furthermore, matching of both the freestream and coolant Reynolds numbers is generally impossible when either mass flux ratio or momentum flux ratio is matched. A computational simulation of a film cooled leading edge geometry at high-temperature engine conditions was conducted to establish a baseline condition to be matched at simulated low-temperature experimental conditions with a 10× scale model. Matching was performed with three common coolants used in low-temperature film cooling experiments—room temperature air, CO2, and cold air. Results indicate that matched momentum flux ratio is the most appropriate for approximating adiabatic effectiveness for the case of room temperature air coolant, but matching the density ratio through either CO2 or cold coolant also has utility. Cold air was particularly beneficial, surpassing the ability of CO2 to match adiabatic effectiveness at the engine condition, even when CO2 perfectly matches the density ratio.
Imaging findings of obstructive sialadenitis due to an intraglandular foreign body.
Authors: Kurt Ali Bekir , Öztürk Hasan , Korkmaz Mukadder , Haktanır Alpay
Published: August 2016

.
Effectiveness of on-site education for quality assurance of screening ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Choi Joon-Il , Jung Seung Eun , Jeong Woo Kyoung , Kim Hyun Cheol , Lall Chandana , Kim Yeol , Choi Kui Son , Suh Mina , Park Boyoung
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of on-site education for clinical imaging evaluation using quality assurance (QA) testing of surveillance ultrasonography (US) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Material and methods: Thirty-eight medical institutes underwent on-site education in 2012 for QA testing of clinical imaging evaluation of surveillance US for HCC. Failure rates and mean scores of clinical imaging evaluation for surveillance US of the 2011 survey, the 2012 survey after on-site education and the 2013 survey were compared. Results: Failure rates and mean scores of the 2011 survey, the 2012 survey after education and the 2013 survey were 81.6%, 18.4%, 21.1% and 61.7, 82.7 and 74.6, respectively. Pair-wise analyses demonstrated that the failure rate of the 2011 survey was significantly larger compared to that observed in the other surveys. Mean score of the 2013 survey was worse than that of the 2012 survey after on-site education. Conclusions: On-site education positively impacts the failure rate and scores of clinical imaging evaluation of screening US for HCC. However, the impact may be reduced over time, and repeated, annual education might be necessary to maintain US quality.
Proximal femoral focal deficiency of the fetus – early 3D/4D prenatal ultrasound diagnosis
Authors: Kudla Marek J , Beczkowska-Kielek Aleksandra , Kutta Katarzyna , Partyka-Lasota Justyna
Published: August 2016

Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD) is a rare congenital syndrome of unknown etiology. Additional disorders can be present up to 70% of PFFD cases. Management (including termination) depends on the severity of the malformation. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman referred for routine ultrasound examination in the 12th week of pregnancy. Detailed 3D/4D evaluation revealed asymmetry of lower limbs and diagnosis of isolated PFFD was established. Parents were fully informed and decided to continue the pregnancy. We stress here the importance of early 3D/4D ultrasound diagnosis. Our paper presents the earliest case where the diagnosis of PFFD was established with 3D/4D ultrasound.
Concepts in diagnosing, scoring, and monitoring tenosynovitis and other tendon abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis- the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound.
Authors: Micu Mihaela C. , Berghea Florian , Fodor Daniela
Published: August 2016

In the last years, important advancements have been made in implementing high resolution imaging related information inside the global management algorithm in RA patients. Musculoskeletal ultrasound has already proven its utility in visualizing directly the joint synovial tissue, the synovial vascularization and in monitoring the response to therapy. Recently, much attention has been given to the presence of tenosynovitis, as a constant, complementary but different facet of the inflammatory involvement in RA. Tenosynovitis identification in early RA stages may allow adequate treatment adjustment in early and established disease in order to prevent and/ or slow down the development of structural damage at tendon and joint level.
The Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics
Authors: Robinson Donald
Published: August 2016

The Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics. Devices for Research and Development. Editors. L. DeWerd and M. Kissick., Springer‐Verlag, Heidelberg, New York, 2014. 286 pp. Price: $129.00. ISBN: 978‐1‐4614‐8303‐8. Price: $99.00. ISBN: 978‐1‐4614‐8304‐5 (hardcover)
Neural mechanisms for lexical processing in dogs
Authors: Andics A. , Gábor A. , Gácsi M. , Faragó T. , Szabó D. , Miklósi Á.
Published: August 2016

During speech processing, human listeners can separately analyze lexical and intonational cues to arrive at a unified representation of communicative content. The evolution of this capacity can be best investigated by comparative studies. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we explored whether and how dog brains segregate and integrate lexical and intonational information. We found a hemispheric bias for processing meaningful words, independently of intonation; an auditory brain region for distinguishing intonationally marked and unmarked words; and increased activity in primary reward regions only when both lexical and intonational information were consistent with praise. Neural mechanisms to separately analyze and integrate word meaning and intonation in dogs suggest that this capacity can evolve in the absence of language.
Pitx2
modulates a
Tbx5
-dependent gene regulatory network to maintain atrial rhythm
Authors: Nadadur Rangarajan D. , Broman Michael T. , Boukens Bastiaan , Mazurek Stefan R. , Yang Xinan , van den Boogaard Malou , Bekeny Jenna , Gadek Margaret , Ward Tarsha , Zhang Min , Qiao Yun , Martin James F. , Seidman Christine E. , Seidman Jon , Christoffels Vincent , Efimov Igor R. , McNally Elizabeth M. , Weber Christopher R. , Moskowitz Ivan P.
Published: August 2016

A mouse model reveals how seven atrial fibrillation–related risk genes form a network to control heartbeat.
Tasty solution to keeping arteries open
Authors: Ulery Bret D.
Published: August 2016

Functionalization conveys inflammation sensitivity to carbohydrate/fat-based nanoparticles yielding targeted drug delivery systems to prevent coronary artery disease progression.
A Framework for Improving the Quality of Research in the Biological Sciences
Authors: Casadevall Arturo , Ellis Lee M. , Davies Erika W. , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Fang Ferric C.
Published: August 2016

The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium to discuss problems in the biological sciences, with emphasis on identifying mechanisms to improve the quality of research. Participants from various disciplines made six recommendations: (i) design rigorous and comprehensive evaluation criteria to recognize and reward high-quality scientific research; (ii) require universal training in good scientific practices, appropriate statistical usage, and responsible research practices for scientists at all levels, with training content regularly updated and presented by qualified scientists; (iii) establish open data at the timing of publication as the standard operating procedure throughout the scientific enterprise; (iv) encourage scientific journals to publish negative data that meet methodologic standards of quality; (v) agree upon common criteria among scientific journals for retraction of published papers, to provide consistency and transparency; and (vi) strengthen research integrity oversight and training. These recommendations constitute an actionable framework that, in combination, could improve the quality of biological research.
Evolution of Ubiquinone Biosynthesis: Multiple Proteobacterial Enzymes with Various Regioselectivities To Catalyze Three Contiguous Aromatic Hydroxylation Reactions
Authors: Pelosi Ludovic , Ducluzeau Anne-Lise , Loiseau Laurent , Barras Frédéric , Schneider Dominique , Junier Ivan , Pierrel Fabien
Published: August 2016

UQ, a key molecule for cellular bioenergetics that is conserved from proteobacteria to humans, appeared in an ancestral proteobacterium more than 2 billion years ago. UQ biosynthesis has been studied only in a few model organisms, and thus, the diversity of UQ biosynthesis pathways is largely unknown. In the work reported here, we conducted a phylogenomic analysis of hydroxylases involved in UQ biosynthesis. Our results support the existence of at least two UQ hydroxylases in the proteobacterial ancestor, and yet, we show that their number varies from one to four in extant proteobacterial species. Our biochemical experiments demonstrated that bacteria containing only one or two UQ hydroxylases have developed generalist enzymes that are able to catalyze several steps of UQ biosynthesis. Our study documents a rare case where evolution favored the broadening of an enzyme’s regioselectivity, which resulted in gene loss in several proteobacterial species with small genomes.
Acute peritoneal dialysis in a Jehovah's Witness post laparotomy
Authors: Appalsawmy Usha Devi , Akbani Habib
Published: August 2016

A 56-year-old man who was a Jehovah's Witness with an advanced directive against autologous procedures developed acute kidney injury needing renal replacement therapy while he was intubated and ventilated on the intensive care unit. He was being treated for hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. He also had a healing laparotomy wound, having undergone a splenectomy less than a month ago following a road traffic accident. His hyperkalaemia and metabolic acidosis were refractory to medical treatment. As he became oligoanuric, decision was taken to carry out acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) by inserting a Tenckhoff catheter in his abdomen using peritoneoscopic technique. The patient was started on automated PD without any complications. His urine output gradually improved, and his renal function eventually recovered. On discharge from hospital, his renal function was within normal range, and he had no abdominal complications from the acute PD.
How do people of South Asian origin understand and experience depression? A protocol for a systematic review of qualitative literature
Authors: Mooney Roisin , Trivedi Daksha , Sharma Shivani
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Individuals from Black and Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups are less likely to receive a diagnosis and to engage with treatment for depression. This review aims to draw on international literature to summarise what is known about how people specifically of South Asian origin, migrants and non-migrants, understand and experience depressive symptoms. The resulting evidence base will further inform practices aimed at encouraging help-seeking behaviour and treatment uptake.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, electronic searches will be conducted across 16 databases. Study quality will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Data will be extracted independently by 2 reviewers.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required. A comprehensive evidence base of how people from South Asian backgrounds conceptualise and experience depression will better inform the design and delivery of mental health initiatives and advance directions for future research. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and disseminated through existing networks for professionals, researchers, patients and the public.

Trial registration number

CRD42015026120.
Pollination biology of Echinopsis leucantha (Cactaceae): passerine birds and exotic bees as effective pollinators
Authors: Gorostiague Pablo , Ortega-Baes Pablo
Published: August 2016

Cactus flowers have traditionally been considered to be specialized to certain pollination guilds, but pollination studies reveal that most species are actually generalists. This suggests that floral traits are not always predictive of the animal visitors that pollinate cactus flowers. Here, we studied the pollination of Echinopsis leucantha (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Walp., an endemic cactus of Argentina, whose floral traits would suggest that it is pollinated by moths. The floral lifespan and flower availability throughout the reproductive period were evaluated. Field experiments were carried out to study the reproductive system and the identity and effectiveness of floral visitors. Echinopsis leucantha flowers had a nocturnal anthesis time that extended into the following morning. The species was self-incompatible. Floral visitors included moths, bees, and passerine birds. However, diurnal visitors were more effective as pollinators than nocturnal ones. The flowers of E. leucantha were phenotypically specialized (sphingophily); however, the pollination system was functionally and ecologically generalized. The results confirm that generalized pollination systems are widespread among species of the Echinopsis genus with nocturnal flowers, for which diurnal pollinators seem to have a key role in fruit and seed production. Our study constitutes the first record of passerine bird pollination in the Cactaceae for mainland South America.
Potential use of Beauveria bassiana in combination with Scleroderma guani for improved control of Apriona germari
Authors: Li Huiping , Han Xu , Zhao Yanqin
Published: August 2016

Beauveria bassiana, an important entomogenous fungus, and Scleroderma guani, a hymenopteran parasitoid, are the two main biological control agents for managing the spread of Apriona germari. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential value of combining the two agents for the purpose of controlling A. germari. First, the relative virulence of B. bassiana against both A. germari and S. guani was determined. The results showed that among the seven strains of B. bassiana, isolate BI05, which was isolated from another cerambycid, was far more virulent against A. germari (mortality, 71.75%) than it was against S. guani (mortality, 34.82%). The parasitic efficiency of S. guani against the larvae of A. germari was significantly affected by the size of the host and the host to parasitoid ratio. In this study, third-instar A. germari larvae and a 1:3 host:parasitoid ratio of inoculation were used to evaluate the parasitization rate achieved by S. guani that were previously exposed to B. bassiana BI05. The mortality of A. germari treated with the previously inoculated S. guani was 73.30%. This was significantly greater than that of S. guani alone or B. bassiana alone (57.20% and 46.21%, respectively). The results indicated that the efficiency of both S. guani and B. bassiana are improved when used in combination, and this is promising for future control of A. germari.
Determinations of Vus using inclusive hadronic τ decay data
Authors: Maltman Kim , Hudspith Renwick James , Lewis Randy , Izubuchi Taku , Ohki Hiroshi , Zanotti James M.
Published: August 2016

Two methods for determining [Formula: see text] employing inclusive hadronic [Formula: see text] decay data are discussed. The first is the conventional flavor-breaking sum rule determination whose usual implementation produces results [Formula: see text] low compared to three-family unitary expectations. The second is a novel approach combining experimental strange hadronic [Formula: see text] distributions with lattice light-strange current–current two-point function data. Preliminary explorations of the latter show the method promises [Formula: see text] determinations competitive with those from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. For the former, systematic issues in the conventional implementation are investigated. Unphysical dependences of [Formula: see text] on the choice of sum rule weight, [Formula: see text], and upper limit, [Formula: see text], of the weighted experimental spectral integrals are observed, the source of these problems identified and a new implementation which overcomes these problems developed. Lattice results are shown to provide a tool for quantitatively assessing truncation uncertainties for the slowly converging [Formula: see text] OPE series. The results for [Formula: see text] from this new implementation are shown to be free of unphysical [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-dependences, and [Formula: see text] higher than those produced by the conventional implementation. With preliminary new [Formula: see text] branching fraction results as input, we find [Formula: see text] in excellent agreement with that obtained from [Formula: see text], and compatible within errors with expectations from three-family unitarity.
Saturation in inclusive production beyond leading logarithm accuracy
Authors: Staśto Anna M. , Zaslavsky David
Published: August 2016

We review the recent progress on the calculations on the inclusive forward hadron production within the saturation formalism. After introducing the concept of perturbative parton saturation and nonlinear evolution we discuss the formalism for the forward hadron production at high energy in the leading and next-to-leading order. Numerical results are presented and compared with the experimental data on forward hadron production in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We discuss the problem of the negativity of the NLO cross-section at high transverse momenta, study its origin in detail and present possible improvements which include the corrected kinematics and the suitable choice of the rapidity cutoff.
A new look at Newton–Cartan gravity
Authors: Bergshoeff E. A. , Rosseel J.
Published: August 2016

We give a short overview of Newton–Cartan geometry and gravity including its matter couplings. We also present results on a new non-relativistic gravity model in three spacetime dimensions, called extended Bargmann gravity, and show that this model has matter couplings that differ from those of Newton–Cartan gravity.
Transverse momentum distribution of primary charged particles in the p–Pb interactions using HIJING 1.0
Authors: Tabassam U. , Ali Y. , Suleymanov M. , Bhatti A. S. , Butt J. B. , Amjad M. S.
Published: August 2016

The shape of the transverse momentum [Formula: see text] distribution of primary charged particles in minimum bias (nonsingle-diffractive) p–Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] is studied in the pseudorapidity regions: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and in the transverse momentum range [Formula: see text] using simulated data produced with the HIJING 1.0 code. These are compared with the ALICE data measured by the ALICE detector at the LHC. In the model, the central and forward [Formula: see text]-regions differ more than in the ALICE data and due to this fact HIJING 1.0 cannot describe well the high [Formula: see text] region in the [Formula: see text] distributions. The comparison of results from simulation implies that the HIJING 1.0 considered narrower pseudorapidity distribution for the charged particles than it is in the ALICE data. It cannot take into account satisfactorily leading effect due to the asymmetric p–Pb fragmentation.
Nanopore formation by controlled electrical breakdown: Efficient molecular-sensors
Authors: Abdalla S. , Al-Marzouki F. M. , Abdel-Daiem A. M.
Published: August 2016

A controlled electrical breakdown is used to produce efficient nanopore (NP) sensors. This phenomenon can be used to precisely fabricate these nanopore (NP) sensors through the membranes of the polydimethylsiloxane microarrays. This can be carried out, when localizing the electrical potential through a suitable microfluidic channel. Organic molecules, and other different protein-molecules, can be easily and precisely detected using this procedure referred to as controlled electrical breakdown technique.
Asymptotic behavior of normalized dimensions of standard and strict Young diagrams — growth and oscillations
Authors: Duzhin V. S. , Vasilyev N. N.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we present the results of a computer investigation of asymptotics for maximum dimensions of linear and projective representations of the symmetric group. This problem reduces the investigation of standard and strict Young diagrams of maximum dimensions. We constructed some sequences for both standard and strict Young diagrams with extremely large dimensions. The conjecture that the limit of normalized dimensions exists was proposed by Vershik 30 years ago [A. M. Vershik and S. V. Kerov, Funktsional Anal. i Prilozhen 19(1) (1985) 25–36] and has not been proved yet. We studied the growth and oscillations of the normalized dimension function in sequences of Young diagrams. Our approach is based on analyzing finite differences of their normalized dimensions. This analysis also allows us to give much more precise estimation of the limit constants.
Manifolds associated to simple games
Authors: Galashin Pavel , Panina Gaiane
Published: August 2016

We describe a way of producing an [Formula: see text]-dimensional manifold [Formula: see text] starting with an Alexander self-dual simplicial complex [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] vertices (or, in another terminology, by a simple game with constant sum with [Formula: see text] players). The construction presents [Formula: see text] explicitly, by describing its regular cellulation.
On planar caustics
Authors: Goryunov Victor , Gallagher Katy
Published: August 2016

We study local invariants of planar caustics, that is, invariants of Lagrangian maps from surfaces to [Formula: see text] whose increments in generic homotopies are determined entirely by diffeomorphism types of local bifurcations of the caustics. Such invariants are dual to trivial codimension 1 cycles supported on the discriminant in the space [Formula: see text] of the Lagrangian maps.

We obtain a description of the spaces of the discriminantal cycles (possibly non-trivial) for the Lagrangian maps of an arbitrary surface, both for the integer and mod 2 coefficients. It is shown that all integer local invariants of caustics of Lagrangian maps without corank 2 points are essentially exhausted by the numbers of various singular points of the caustics and the Ohmoto–Aicardi linking invariant of ordinary maps. As an application, we use the discriminantal cycles to establish non-contractibility of certain loops in [Formula: see text].
Sandpiles on the heptagonal tiling
Authors: Kalinin N. , Shkolnikov M.
Published: August 2016

We study perturbations of the maximal stable state in a sandpile model on the set of faces of the heptagonal tiling on the hyperbolic plane. An explicit description for relaxations of such states is given.
Ribbon graphs and bialgebra of Lagrangian subspaces
Authors: Kleptsyn Victor , Smirnov Evgeny
Published: August 2016

To each ribbon graph we assign a so-called [Formula: see text]-space, which is a Lagrangian subspace in an even-dimensional vector space with the standard symplectic form. This invariant generalizes the notion of the intersection matrix of a chord diagram. Moreover, the actions of Morse perestroikas (or taking a partial dual) and Vassiliev moves on ribbon graphs are reinterpreted nicely in the language of [Formula: see text]-spaces, becoming changes of bases in this vector space. Finally, we define a bialgebra structure on the span of [Formula: see text]-spaces, which is analogous to the 4-bialgebra structure on chord diagrams.
Real algebraic knots and links of small degree
Authors: Mikhalkin Grigory , Orevkov Stepan
Published: August 2016

The paper gives a topological as well as rigid isotopy classification of smooth irreducible algebraic curves in the real projective 3-space for the case when the degree of the curve is at most six and its genus is at most one.
Edge-dominating cycles, k-walks and Hamilton prisms in 2K2-free graphs
Authors: Mou Gao , Pasechnik Dmitrii V.
Published: August 2016

We show that an edge-dominating cycle in a [Formula: see text]-free graph can be found in polynomial time; this implies that every [Formula: see text]-tough [Formula: see text]-free graph admits a [Formula: see text]-walk, and it can be found in polynomial time. For this class of graphs, this proves a long-standing conjecture due to Jackson and Wormald [[Formula: see text]-walks of graphs, Australas. J. Combin. 2 (1990) 135–146]. Furthermore, we prove that for any [Formula: see text] every [Formula: see text]-tough [Formula: see text]-free graph is prism-Hamiltonian and give an effective construction of a Hamiltonian cycle in the corresponding prism, along with few other similar results.
Dynamical Gelfand–Zetlin algebra and equivariant cohomology of grassmannians
Authors: Rimanyi R. , Varchenko A.
Published: August 2016

We consider the rational dynamical quantum group [Formula: see text] and introduce an [Formula: see text]-module structure on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the equivariant cohomology algebra [Formula: see text] of the cotangent bundle of the Grassmannian [Formula: see text] with coefficients extended by a suitable ring of rational functions in an additional variable [Formula: see text]. We consider the dynamical Gelfand–Zetlin algebra which is a commutative algebra of difference operators in [Formula: see text]. We show that the action of the Gelfand–Zetlin algebra on [Formula: see text] is the natural action of the algebra [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the shift operator.

The [Formula: see text]-module structure on [Formula: see text] is introduced with the help of dynamical stable envelope maps which are dynamical analogs of the stable envelope maps introduced by Maulik and Okounkov [Quantum Groups and quantum cohomology, preprint (2012) 1–276, arXiv:1211.1287]. The dynamical stable envelope maps are defined in terms of the rational dynamical weight functions introduced in [G. Felder, V. Tarasov and A. Varchenko, Solutions of the elliptic QKZB equations and Bethe ansatz I, in Topics in Singularity Theory V. I. Arnold’s 60th Anniversary Collection, Advances in the Mathematical Sciences, AMS Translations, Series 2, Vol. 180 (AMS, 1997), pp. 45–76.] to construct q-hypergeometric solutions of rational qKZB equations. The cohomology classes in [Formula: see text] induced by the weight functions are dynamical variants of Chern–Schwartz–MacPherson classes of Schubert cells.
A relation between Milnor’s μ-invariants and HOMFLYPT polynomials
Authors: Kotorii Yuka
Published: August 2016

Polyak showed that any Milnor’s [Formula: see text]-invariant of length 3 can be represented as a combination of the Conway polynomials of knots obtained by certain band sum of the link components. On the other hand, Habegger and Lin showed that Milnor invariants are also invariants for string links, called [Formula: see text]-invariants. We show that any Milnor’s [Formula: see text]-invariant of length [Formula: see text] can be represented as a combination of the HOMFLYPT polynomials of knots obtained from the string link by some operation, if all [Formula: see text]-invariants of length [Formula: see text] vanish. Moreover, [Formula: see text]-invariants of length [Formula: see text] are given by a combination of the Conway polynomials and linking numbers without any vanishing assumption.
Empirical Bayesian Strategy for Sampling Plans with Warranty Under Truncated Censoring
Authors: Chiang Jyun-You , Lio Y. L. , Tsai Tzong-Ru
Published: August 2016

To reach an optimal acceptance sampling decision for products, whose lifetimes are Burr type XII distribution, sampling plans are developed with a rebate warranty policy based on truncated censored data. The smallest sample size and acceptance number are determined to minimize the expected total cost, which consists of the test cost, experimental time cost, the cost of lot acceptance or rejection, and the warranty cost. A new method, which combines a simple empirical Bayesian method and the genetic algorithm (GA) method, named the EB-GA method, is proposed to estimate the unknown distribution parameter and hyper-parameters. The parameters of the GA are determined through using an optimal Taguchi design procedure to reduce the subjectivity of parameter determination. An algorithm is presented to implement the EB-GA method. The application of the proposed method is illustrated by an example. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the EB-GA method works well for parameter estimation in terms of small bias and mean square error.
Mass problems and density
Authors: Binns Stephen , Shore Richard A. , Simpson Stephen G.
Published: August 2016

Recall that [Formula: see text] is the lattice of Muchnik degrees of nonempty effectively compact sets in Euclidean space. We solve a long-standing open problem by proving that [Formula: see text] is dense, i.e. satisfies [Formula: see text]. Our proof combines an oracle construction with hyperarithmetical theory.
ANEM: A rotating composite target to produce an atmospheric-like neutron beam at the LNL SPES facility
Authors: Acosta Urdaneta Gabriela Carolina , Bisello Dario , Esposito Juan , Mastinu Pierfrancesco , Prete Gianfranco , Silvestrin Luca , Wyss Jeffery
Published: August 2016

A fast neutron (E> MeV) irradiation facility is under development at the 70 MeV SPES proton cyclotron at LNL (Legnaro, Italy) to investigate neutron-induced Single Event Effects (SEE) in microelectronic devices and systems. After an overview on neutron-induced SEE in electronics, we report on the progress in the design of ANEM (Atmospheric Neutron EMulator), a water-cooled rotating target made of Be and W to produce neutrons with an energy spectrum similar to that of neutrons produced by cosmic rays at sea-level. In ANEM, the protons from the cyclotron alternatively impinge on two circular sectors of Be and W of different areas; the effective neutron spectrum is a weighted combination of the spectra from the two sectors. In this contribution, we present the results of thermal-mechanical Finite Element Analysis (ANSYS) calculations of the performance of the ANEM prototype. The calculations at this stage indicate that ANEM can deliver fast neutrons with an atmospheric-like energy spectrum and with an integral flux [Formula: see text](1-70 MeV) [Formula: see text]107 n cm[Formula: see text]s[Formula: see text] that is 3×109 more intense than the natural one at sea-level: a very competitive flux for SEE testing.
Biological dosimetry of ionizing radiation: Evaluation of the dose with cytogenetic methodologies by the construction of calibration curves
Authors: Zafiropoulos Demetre , Facco E. , Sarchiapone Lucia
Published: August 2016

In case of a radiation accident, it is well known that in the absence of physical dosimetry biological dosimetry based on cytogenetic methods is a unique tool to estimate individual absorbed dose. Moreover, even when physical dosimetry indicates an overexposure, scoring chromosome aberrations (dicentrics and rings) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) at metaphase is presently the most widely used method to confirm dose assessment. The analysis of dicentrics and rings in PBLs after Giemsa staining of metaphase cells is considered the most valid assay for radiation injury. This work shows that applying the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, using telomeric/centromeric peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes in metaphase chromosomes for radiation dosimetry, could become a fast scoring, reliable and precise method for biological dosimetry after accidental radiation exposures. In both in vitro methods described above, lymphocyte stimulation is needed, and this limits the application in radiation emergency medicine where speed is considered to be a high priority. Using premature chromosome condensation (PCC), irradiated human PBLs (non-stimulated) were fused with mitotic CHO cells, and the yield of excess PCC fragments in Giemsa stained cells was scored. To score dicentrics and rings under PCC conditions, the necessary centromere and telomere detection of the chromosomes was obtained using FISH and specific PNA probes. Of course, a prerequisite for dose assessment in all cases is a dose-effect calibration curve. This work illustrates the various methods used; dose response calibration curves, with 95% confidence limits used to estimate dose uncertainties, have been constructed for conventional metaphase analysis and FISH. We also compare the dose-response curve constructed after scoring of dicentrics and rings using PCC combined with FISH and PNA probes. Also reported are dose response curves showing scored dicentrics and rings per cell, combining PCC of lymphocytes and CHO cells with FISH using PNA probes after 10 h and 24 h after irradiation, and, finally, calibration data of excess PCC fragments (Giemsa) to be used if human blood is available immediately after irradiation or within 24 h.
TopPRF
Authors: Miao Jun , Huang Jimmy Xiangji , Zhao Jiashu
Published: August 2016

Traditional pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) models choose top
k
feedback documents for query expansion and treat those documents equally. When
k
is determined, feedback terms are selected without considering the reliability of these documents for relevance. Because the performance of PRF is sensitive to the selection of feedback terms, noisy terms imported from these irrelevant documents or partially relevant documents will harm the final results extensively. Intuitively, terms in these documents should be considered less important for feedback term selection. Nonetheless, how to measure the reliability of feedback documents is a difficult problem.

Recently, topic modeling has become more and more popular in the information retrieval (IR) area. In order to identify how reliable a feedback document is to be relevant, we attempt to adapt the topical information into PRF. However, topics are hard to be quantified and therefore the identification of topic is usually fuzzy. It is very challenging for integrating the obtained topical information effectively into IR and other text-processing-related areas. Current research work mainly focuses on mining relevant information from particular topics. This is extremely difficult when the boundaries of different topics are hard to define. In this article, we investigate a key factor of this problem, the topic number for topic modeling and how it makes topics “fuzzy.” To effectively and efficiently apply topical information, we propose a new probabilistic framework, “TopPRF,” and three models, TS-COS, TS-EU, and TS-Entropy, via integrating “Topic Space” (TS) information into pseudo relevance feedback. These methods discover how reliable a document is to be relevant through both term and topical information. When selecting feedback terms, candidate terms in more reliable feedback documents should obtain extra weights. Experimental results on various public collections justify that our proposed methods can significantly reduce the influence of “fuzzy topics” and obtain stable, good results over the strong baseline models. Our proposed probabilistic framework, TopPRF, and three topic-space-based models are capable of searching documents beyond traditional term matching only and provide a promising avenue for constructing better topic-space-based IR systems. Moreover, in-depth discussions and conclusions are made to help other researchers apply topical information effectively.
SIGCSE special project grants
Authors: Fitzgerald Sue
Published: August 2016

Since 2003, SIGCSE has awarded a limited number of Special Projects Grants each year. These grants help SIGCSE members investigate and introduce new ideas in the learning and teaching of computing. Projects must provide some clear benefit to the wider disciplinary community in the form of new knowledge, developing or sharing of a resource, or good practice in learning, teaching, or assessment. The next deadline for submissions is November 15, 2016. See http://sigcse.org/sigcse/programs/special/ for additional information. Questions are welcome and should be sent to apply@sigcse.org. Proposers must be ACM/SIGCSE members.
ICER 2016 preview
Authors: Sheard Judy , Dorn Brian , Chinn Donald , Tenenberg Josh
Published: August 2016

We would like to invite you to the 12th annual International Computing Education Research (ICER) conference to be held in Melbourne, Australia, September 9-11, 2016. The ICER conference is a now well-established forum for high-quality research in computing education.
SIGCSE technical symposium 2016 review
Authors: Alphonce Carl , Tims Jodi
Published: August 2016

The 2016 SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education took place in Memphis, Tennessee March 2-5. The conference program offered presentations in parallel tracks consisting of papers, panels, special sessions, workshops, birds-of-a-feather (BOFs), posters, lightning talks and demos. In addition, pre-symposium and affiliated events, the student research competition, and keynote talks rounded out the program. The exhibit hall was filled with booths from both long-time and brand new SIGCSE supporters - we cannot thank them all enough for helping make SIGCSE 2016 a resounding success.
SIGCSE chair report
Authors: Rodger Susan
Published: August 2016

Each year the SIGCSE Chair writes an annual report to submit to ACM. The complete report will be posted in August at sigcse.org.
A retrospective analysis of SAC requirements
Authors: Vilela Jessyka , Goncalves Enyo , Holanda Ana Carla , Castro Jaelson , Figueiredo Bruno
Published: August 2016

Context: The activities related to Requirements engineering (RE) are some of the most important steps in software development, since the requirements describe what will be provided in a software system in order to fulfill the stakeholders' needs. In this context, the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC) has been a primary gathering forum for many RE activities. When studying a research area, it is important to identify the most active groups, topics, the research trends and so forth. Objective: In a previous paper, we investigated how the SAC RE-Track is evolving, by analyzing the papers published in its 8 previous editions. In this paper, we extended the analysis including the papers of the last edition (2016) and a brief resume of all papers published in the nine editions of SAC-RE track. Method: We adopted a research strategy that combines scoping study and systematic review good practices. Results: We investigated the most active countries, institutions and authors, the main topics discussed, the types of the contributions, the conferences and journals that have most referenced SAC RE-Track papers, the phases of the RE process supported by the contributions, the publications with the greatest impact, and the trends in RE. Conclusions: We found 86 papers over the 9 previous SAC RETrack editions, which were analyzed and discussed.
Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of AMPK
Authors: Smith Brennan K. , Marcinko Katarina , Desjardins Eric M. , Lally James S. , Ford Rebecca J. , Steinberg Gregory R.
Published: August 2016

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing worldwide epidemic and an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic cellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the prevalence of NAFLD, lifestyle interventions involving exercise and weight loss are the only accepted treatments for this disease. Over the last decade, numerous experimental compounds have been shown to improve NAFLD in preclinical animal models, and many of these therapeutics have been shown to increase the activity of the cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because AMPK activity is reduced by inflammation, obesity, and diabetes, increasing AMPK activity has been viewed as a viable therapeutic strategy to improve NAFLD. In this review, we propose three primary mechanisms by which AMPK activation may improve NAFLD. In addition, we examine the mechanisms by which AMPK is activated. Finally, we identify 27 studies that have used AMPK activators to reduce NAFLD. Future considerations for studies examining the relationship between AMPK and NAFLD are highlighted.
Effects of reward on oculomotor control
Authors: McCoy Brónagh , Theeuwes Jan
Published: August 2016

The present study examines the extent to which distractors that signal the availability of monetary reward on a given trial affect eye movements. We used a novel eye movement task in which observers had to follow a target around the screen while ignoring distractors presented at varying locations. We examined the effects of reward magnitude and distractor location on a host of oculomotor properties, including saccade latency, amplitude, landing position, curvature, and erroneous saccades toward the distractor. We found consistent effects of reward magnitude on classic oculomotor phenomena such as the remote distractor effect, the global effect, and oculomotor capture by the distractor. We also show that a distractor in the visual hemifield opposite to the target had a larger effect on oculomotor control than an equidistant distractor in the same hemifield as the target. Bayesian hierarchical drift diffusion modeling revealed large differences in drift rate depending on the reward value, location, and visual hemifield of the distractor stimulus. Our findings suggest that high reward distractors not only capture the eyes but also affect a multitude of oculomotor properties associated with oculomotor inhibition and control.
Differences in Dry Eye Questionnaire Symptoms in Two Different Modalities of Contact Lens Wear: Silicone-Hydrogel in Daily Wear Basis and Overnight Orthokeratology
Authors: García-Porta Nery , Rico-del-Viejo Laura , Martin-Gil Alba , Carracedo Gonzalo , Pintor Jesus , González-Méijome José Manuel
Published: August 2016

Purpose. To compare the ocular surface symptoms and signs in an adult population of silicone-hydrogel (Si-Hy) contact lens (CL) wearers with another modality of CL wear, overnight orthokeratology (OK).Materials and Methods. This was a prospective and comparative study in which 31 myopic subjects were fitted with the same Si-Hy CL and 23 underwent OK treatment for 3 months. Dry eye questionnaire (DEQ) was filled in at the beginning of the study and then after 15 days, 1 month, and 3 months using each CL modality. The tear quality was evaluated with noninvasive tear break-up time. Tear production was measured with Schirmer test. Tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips being frozen to analyze the dinucleotide diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) concentration with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).Results. After refitting with ortho-k, a reduction in discomfort and dryness symptoms at the end of the day (p<0.05,χ2) was observed. No significant changes were observed in Ap4A concentration in any group. Bulbar redness, limbal redness, and conjunctival staining increased significantly in the Si-Hy group (p<0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test).Conclusion. Discomfort and dryness symptoms at the end of the day are lower in the OK CL group than in the Si-Hy CL group.
High Degree Cubature Federated Filter for Multisensor Information Fusion with Correlated Noises
Authors: Wang Lijun , Wang Sisi
Published: August 2016

This paper proposes an improved high degree cubature federated filter for the nonlinear fusion system with cross-correlation between process and measurement noises at the same time using the fifth-degree cubature rule and the decorrelated principle in its local filters. The master filter of the federated filter adopts the no-reset mode to fuse local estimates of local filters to generate a global estimate according to the scalar weighted rule. The air-traffic maneuvering target tracking simulations are performed between the proposed filter and the fifth-degree cubature federated filter. Simulations results demonstrate that the proposed filter not only can achieve almost the same accuracy as the fifth-degree cubature federated filter with independent white noises, but also has superior performance to the fifth-degree cubature federated filter while the noises are cross-correlated at the same time.
Failure of Polyethylene Inlays in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrieval Analysis
Authors: Mueller Ulrike , Lee Christoph , Heisel Christian , Thomsen Marc , Bitsch Rudi G. , Kretzer J. Philippe
Published: August 2016

A retrieval analysis has been performed on 50 polyethylene inlays of cementless screw ring implants (Mecring, Mecron, Berlin, Germany) to investigate the failure mechanism of this specific open cup hip arthroplasty design that has shown a high clinical failure rate. Design-specific damage modes like rim creep, collar fatigue, and backside wear were assessed. Furthermore, the inlays were measured using a CMM to determine deformation. In 90% backside wear was observed and collar fatigue occurred in 68% of the cases. Rim creep was present in 38% of the polyethylene inlays. In 90% of the cases the cup opening diameter was 32.1 mm or less and 46% had a diameter less than 32 mm. It seems that creep and deformation of the polyethylene leads to a reduced diameter at the cup opening and consequently decreased clearance. To avoid this type of failure, polyethylene inlays should be supported at the back by the cup to reduce the risk of ongoing creep deformation.
Role of Long Noncoding RNA HOTAIR in the Growth and Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma Cell MG-63
Authors: Zheng Hua , Min Jing
Published: August 2016

This study investigated the function of HOTAIR in the growth and apoptosis of OS MG-63 cell linein vitroand further clarified its mechanism. The expression levels of HOTAIR in OS MG-63 cell line and normal osteoblast hFOB1.19 cell line were determined by RT-PCR, respectively. The growth and apoptosis of MG-63 cellsin vitrowere investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry assay after HOTAIR was knocked down with retroviral vector construction. And the expression levels of cell growth and apoptosis related factors TGF-β, p53, Bcl-2, and TNF-αwere determined to clarify the mechanism. We found that HOTAIR was highly expressed in osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line compared with normal osteoblast hFOB1.19 cell line. The proliferation rate was lower and the apoptosis rate was higher significantly in shHOTAIR MG-63 cells than those in EV MG-63 cells. TGF-βand Bcl-2 were downregulated significantly when HOTAIR was knocked down. p53 and TNF-αwere upregulated significantly when HOTAIR was knocked down. These results indicated that HOTAIR functioned as a carcinogenic lncRNA, which could promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of MG-63 cellsin vitro. HOTAIR could be a potential target for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
The Application of Vacuum-Assisted Closure Device in the Management of Empyema Necessitans
Authors: Aljehani Yasser , Al-Matar Zahra , Nawar Samah
Published: August 2016

Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is gaining popularity in the management of many types of acute and chronic wounds. The use of VAC devices in thoracic surgery is limited, but it appears to be promising in complex cases of empyema thoraces. We report a case of empyema necessitans, in which VAC was used to achieve complete wound healing after open drainage which was communicating with the pleural space.