bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Essay Is Dead (And Other Thoughts About Assessing in the Era of AI)
Authors: Uttich Laurie , Yee Kevin , Giltner Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the profound impact of recent revolutionary AI advancements on traditional assessment methods, particularly the take-home essay. The authors argue that the rise of AI-generated content challenges the efficacy and integrity of conventional writing assignments. Educators are urged to reconsider their assessment strategies in such a way that integrates AI tools in ways that enhance critical thinking and learning outcomes. By adapting assignments to incorporate AI-generated responses and emphasizing evaluation and synthesis, educators can maintain academic rigor and better prepare students for the evolving demands of the working world. This approach not only mitigates the risks associated with AI use in education but also leverages its potential to foster deeper engagement and understanding among students.
Advancing Inquiry-Based Learning Through Generative AI-Enabled Assessments
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence on inquiry-based learning in educational assessment. Generative AI technologies have revolutionized traditional assessment methods, enabling dynamic, individualized learning experiences that meet individual student needs. By harnessing the power of artificial intelligence, teachers can create assessments that promote critical thinking, conceptual understanding, and deeper engagement with content. The chapter begins with an overview of the theoretical foundations of generative artificial intelligence and its integration into educational frameworks such as constructivism and technology-enhanced learning. It discusses practical applications of artificial intelligence in creating dynamic assessment environments. Examples include tools like Knewton and MATH from Carnegie Learning, which adapt learning methods based on student performance.
Fostering Inspirational Learning Through AI-Enhanced Formative Assessment
Authors: Tao Wu
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the transformative potential of AI-enhanced formative assessment in higher education, focusing on fostering inspirational learning experiences. The authors explore how artificial intelligence can revolutionize traditional assessment practices, enabling more personalized, efficient, and effective learning environments. The chapter discusses benefits and challenges of implementation, including potential improvements in student engagement, motivation, and academic achievement. It analyzes AI's role in facilitating real-time feedback, automating grading, and enhancing teacher-student interactions. A comprehensive review of the current state of AI-enhanced formative assessment in higher education is provided, highlighting best practices, strategies, and challenges. The chapter concludes by outlining future research directions, emphasizing collaboration among educators, policymakers, and technologists to harness AI's potential in inspiring and empowering learners.
Exploring Generative Artificial Intellegence (AI) Impact on Assessment and Evaluation in Management Education
Authors: Amin Mohd Rushidi Mohd , Sivakumaran Vinesh Maran , Hui Gan Kia , Darmaraj Sheila Rose , Hoo Wong Chee , Yew Lim Kim
Published: December 2024

ChatGPT has emerged as a topic of considerable discourse within management education in recent weeks, owing to its profound transformative potential in reshaping the paradigms of assessment methodology and evaluation. Unlike conventional educational technologies, which typically leave discernible traces of usage, ChatGPT boasts an unparalleled capacity for evading detection during its application. This characteristic engenders a multifaceted quandary for educators in the field of management education, who aspire to harness this technology to remain pertinent in the evolving educational landscape while preserving the principles of authentic and meaningful learning experiences. Management educators' expeditious formulation and implementation of policies integrating ChatGPT and its succeeding iterations of generative artificial intelligence has become an imperative task. The accessibility and cost-effectiveness inherent to these technologies further accentuate the urgency of such policy development.
Assessing Higher-Order and Critical Skills in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Chasokela Doris , Hlongwane Joseph
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in the workplace and society, with many tasks being automated and outsourced to AI. As a result, there is a growing need for individuals to develop higher-order and critical thinking skills that cannot be easily replicated by AI. This abstract proposes a study to assess the development and assessment of higher-order and critical thinking skills in the context of AI-enhanced learning environments. The chapter aims to examine the effectiveness of various AI-based educational tools and methodologies in fostering the development of complex cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, critical analysis, and decision-making. and provides insights into how they can be assessed in educational and work settings. It further explores the potential implications of AI on the traditional assessment of higher-order skills and discusses the challenges and opportunities that arise from the integration of AI in educational settings.
Mathematics Teaching and Assessment in the Age of Generative AI
Authors: Wachira Patrick W.
Published: December 2024

The advent of generative AI technologies has presented both opportunities and challenges for teaching and assessing mathematics. While there have been several studies that broadly address AI uses in education, few however have examined context specific uses of AI such as ChatGPT in mathematics. This study examined preservice teachers' experiences with using generative AI tools in solving mathematics problems. With students increasingly turning to generative AI tools to aid them in completing assignments, the study also presents a mathematics instructor own experiences with AI in mathematics as he looked to re-imagine teaching and assessment in this environment. Findings indicated that the preservice teachers recognize the potential of AI however they were uncertain on how to integrate it into their teaching of mathematics. Based on these experiences, recommendations for changes needed in assessment of mathematics learning are provided.
Enhancing Education in Bahrain With AI and ML
Authors: Soni Anand , Shaikh Zakir Hossen , Taqi Mohammad , Bijja Vishwanath , Ratnakaram Satya Pavan Kumar
Published: December 2024

The study explores the transformative potential of integrating AI and ML in wearable technologies to enhance Bahrain's education sector. It emphasizes the personalized learning experiences and holistic student support such technologies can offer, promoting academic and emotional well-being. Additionally, AI-powered wearables can aid teachers in classroom management and professional development. By preparing students for digital-centric work environments, Bahrain aims to align with global workforce trends and Sustainable Development Goals. The chapter discusses integration challenges, benefits, and ethical considerations, advocating for a supportive ecosystem. It reviews Bahrain's educational projects, regulatory frameworks, and policies driving AI and ML adoption in education. Leveraging secondary data, the study underscores the significance of AI and ML in wearables for educational advancement in Bahrain.
Investigation of Smart Wearable Technology for Healthcare Educational Analytics and Applications
Authors: Mishra Nilamadhab , Motwani Anand , Rout Saroja Kumar , Natarajan Arul Kumar
Published: December 2024

As technology advances, so do its diverse and creative inventions. One of those innovations includes smart wearable technology that goes by different names, such as AI-based smart wearable devices or smart wearables. This paper delves into the multifaceted landscape of smart wearable technology, focusing on its integration and susceptibility in lesser-explored domains such as education, healthcare, and health industrial applications. The paper explores smart wearables' evolution, highlighting their transformative impact on various educational analytics and application cases. It examines the benefits and risks associated with smart wearable technology in healthcare educational settings, shedding light on its widespread adoption's potential opportunities and challenges. By analyzing these aspects, this paper aims to provide insights into the modern-age susceptibility to compact smart wearables and propose measures to address security concerns while harnessing the potential of smart wearable technology for healthcare educational analytics and applications.
Integrating AI/ML With Wearable Devices for Monitoring Student Mental Health
Authors: Mitra Uddalak , Rehman Shafiq Ul
Published: December 2024

The rise of wearable technologies has transformed how we monitor and support student mental health. This chapter explores the exciting potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to further enhance wearables for mental health monitoring in educational settings. By integrating AI and ML, wearable devices can evolve from simple data collectors to intelligent assistants that provide personalized mental health support, improve student well-being, and empower educators. We will delve into the core concepts of AI and ML, their role in wearable technology, and how they can be harnessed to create a more supportive and effective learning environment. This chapter will explore specific applications of AI-powered wearables in mental health monitoring, analyze the benefits for both students and educators, and address potential challenges and considerations for responsible implementation.
Measuring Vital Sign
Authors: Shaikh Zakir Hossen , Irfan Mohammad , Nomran Naji Mansour , Ratnakaram Satya Pavan Kumar , Abey Joji , Anto Manolo Logrono
Published: December 2024

The emergence of billions of new linked things and their pervasiveness in our daily lives is driving a constant constituent development in technology. Wearables are one of the numerous underlying technologies that may be used to give a truly tailored experience by capturing the rich contextual information supplied by such devices. In recent years, wearable technology has developed rapidly in various fields. The main aim of this paper is to shed light on wearable healthcare monitoring devices EZeCheck. its current application in health care as a quick, easy, and affordable way to screen hemoglobin levels without requiring a single blood sample from the patient, generated in 60 seconds, making it available to a large global population to improve health outcomes, to support the objective of “Anaemia Mukt Bharat (Anaemia free India) and its socioeconomic impact. Further study is necessary to investigate the wearable device's potential uses for health and well-being including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, temperature, and continuously measure and monitor vital signs.
Wearable Technologies In Education
Authors: Mohanty Bhabani Shankar , Shaikh Zakir Hossen , Mahapatra Durga Madhab , Ratnakaranm Satya , Manikeswari Devi
Published: December 2024

Education is a cornerstone of societal growth, and technology has greatly enhanced this sector. Wearable technologies offer personalized learning experiences and boost student engagement, yet their implementation faces challenges. High costs, integration with current systems, and data privacy concerns are major barriers. Additionally, issues like battery life, device comfort, connectivity problems, and lack of technical support hinder widespread adoption. Teacher training and equitable access are crucial for effective use. While wearables have immense potential, addressing these limitations is essential to ensure they enhance, rather than detract from, educational outcomes. This chapter examines the benefits and challenges of wearables in education.
Reduction of Iron Ore Pellets Containing Blast Furnace Dust
Authors: Hien Tran Thi Thu , Long Nguyen Sy
Published: December 2024

In the process of iron production in a blast furnace, a large amount of dust is generated as a by-product. The main components of this dust include iron and carbon, so a circular process should be implemented to protect the environment and reduce production costs. In this investigation, blast furnace dust (BFD) was used to produce pellets with iron ore as raw charging materials into the blast furnace. The mixture consists of BFD, iron ore, and 2 % in mass of bentonite as a binder in the pelletization process, with the ratio of BFD in the mixtures with fine iron ore being 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, and 30;70, respectively. Green pellets were dried at 105 °C for 24 hours obtaining dried pellets. Dried pellets are fired at 1200 °C in the atmosphere for 60 minutes to achieve the required mechanical properties obtaining fired pellets. The fired pellets were reduced at 1000 °C and 1100 °C for 45 minutes by coke breeze. XRD and SEM were then used to analyze the properties of the pellets. The results showed that the pellets exhibited improved metallurgical properties, making them suitable for charging material into the blast furnace.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass in Chloride Solution
Authors: Hastuty Sri , Ramadhan Yeshaya Armani , Nadhor Fatwa Khoirrun , Awwaluddin Muhammad , Triawan Farid , Mahmuddin Faisal
Published: December 2024

In this investigation, the resistance of brass material to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in a chloride solution was assessed through adjustments in temperature (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C) and bending angles of the brass material (1.0 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.5 wt%). The chosen solution closely resembles saltwater, making it suitable for testing, especially considering the widespread use of brass materials in various industrial sectors, particularly shipping. Stress corrosion cracking tends to impact brass materials under heavy loading. The primary objective of this study is to characterize the corrosion rate of brass materials. The method involved a bending test with angle variations of 180°, 90°, and 0°. Corrosion assessment utilized the Open Circuit Potential method, Anodic Polarization Tafel, and a digital microscope for the material's microstructure properties. According to the findings, brass material exhibits the lowest corrosion rate (10 x 10-6 mmpy) at a temperature of 25°C distilled water and an angle variation of 0°. Conversely, the corrosion rate increases with variations in bending angle, temperature, and the concentration of NaCl solution, as evidenced by the corrosion rate of 28.035 x 10-5 mmpy with an angle variation of 180°, to a corrosive solution of NaCl 3.5 wt% at a temperature of 45°C.
Reduction of the Residue from the Leaching Process of Electric Arc Furnace Dust
Authors: Nguyen Cao Son , Luu Quang Doan , Le Hoang , Bui Anh Hoa
Published: December 2024

Since electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) contains a certain amount of zinc (Zn), recovery of this metal is important. Many methods have been applied to recover Zn from EAFD so far. Pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods are recommended for this purpose. EAFD was leached using an ammonia carbonate solution, but the leached residue still had an amount of Zn that needed to be recovered. In the present study, the residue was mixed with coke, compressed into pellets, and heated at 1000 - 1200 °C for 30 - 90 minutes to investigate the reducing ability of the Zn compound. The residue was characterized by wet chemical analysis and the XRD method. The Zn content of heated pellets was analyzed to calculate the Zn removal efficiency. The obtained results showed that higher temperatures provided a strongly reducing reaction, the Zn removal efficiency was higher than 90 % for the pellet heated at 1100 °C for 60 minutes. It was concluded that combining the leaching method and carbothermic reduction could recover all amounts of Zn in the EAFD.
Spatial Solitons in Moiré Photonic Lattices in Cubic-Quintic Competing Nonlinear Material
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Luan , Nguyen Thi Dung , Tran Thi Hai , Ngo Trong Dat , Do Duc Tho , Nguyen Viet Hung
Published: December 2024

In this study, we investigate the formation and stability of non-topological spatial solitons in a cubic-quintic nonlinear medium integrated with photonic Moiré lattices. This particular type of nonlinearity can be observed in carbon disulfide. For applying the competing nonlinearities of cubicand quintic orders, this study mitigates the catastrophic collapse that typically occurs in cubic nonlinear media, thereby stabilizing the soliton beams. Our approach is to identify fundamental soliton solutions by employing the Squared Operator Method (SOM), with further stability validation performed through the Split-Step Fourier method. Moiré lattices formed by the superposition of two periodic sublattices with a twist angle, exhibit unique properties that can significantly modify the light propagation characteristics. The shift from commensurate to incommensurate Moiré configurations influences critically soliton localization and power, highlighting the potential of cubicquintic nonlinear media for advanced soliton control in photonic and communication applications.
Efficacy of Opioid-Free Anesthesia with Dexmedetomidine in Inhibiting Nociception during Laparoscopic Abdominal Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Olata Anisa , Chandra Susilo , Marsaban Arif H. M. , Tantri Aida Rosita
Published: December 2024

Background:

Opioid anesthesia (OA) effectively suppresses surgical stress but has significant limitations, leading to the exploration of opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) with dexmedetomidine to avoid opioid-related side effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of OFA with dexmedetomidine in controlling intraoperative nociception during laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 58 subjects undergoing abdominal laparoscopic surgery were enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned into two groups: the OFA group (n = 29) received a dexmedetomidine bolus of 1 µg/kg, and the OA group (n = 29) received a fentanyl bolus of 2 µg/kg. Both groups received standard balanced anesthesia. Hemodynamic instability events (hypotension, bradycardia, hypertension, and tachycardia), intraoperative fentanyl rescue requirement, ephedrine consumption, and 1-h postoperative pain numeric rating scale (NRS) were documented and analyzed.

Results:

The two groups showed significant differences in intraoperative rescue fentanyl requirement (2 vs. 29, P < 0.001) with the amount of fentanyl dosages (50 vs 150 µg, P = 0.004), the median post-intubation qNox value (44.1 ± 5.4 vs. 49 ± 9.8, P = 0.002), and NRS scale 1 h post-surgery (1 vs. 2, P = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the number of incidences of intraoperative hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, and tachycardia incidence between the two groups.

Conclusion:

OFA with dexmedetomidine is more effective than OA in inhibiting intraoperative nociception during laparoscopic abdominal surgery as it reduces the rescue fentanyl requirement while providing stable intraoperative hemodynamics.
Exploring the Role of Health-care Professionals and Impact of Precision Medicine on Health Outcomes and Efficiency
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Marar Anup Mukund , Bobhate Prateek Sudhakar , Badge Ankit
Published: December 2024

The inclusion of precision medicine in medical education represents a paradigm shift, as it is expected to transform the way in which health care will be delivered to patients in future. This shift is predominantly reported as precision medicine strongly advocates for the delivery of personalized care to patients after giving due consideration to the genetic makeup, biomarker level, etc., of the individual patient. Medical professionals are expected to discharge a wide range of roles since the introduction of precision medicine in the health-care industry. Training of medical students and health professionals in the domain of precision medicine is expected to significantly influence patient outcomes and enhance the efficiency of the health-care sector. In conclusion, precision medicine is expected to have a huge impact on medical professionals and the health sector, it is the need of the hour to strengthen its implementation process across medical colleges and health-care facilities.
Management of Traumatically Intruded Permanent Incisors during an Ongoing Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Iyer Varuni , Kidiyoor Harshavardhan , Naik Roopak D.
Published: December 2024

Intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental trauma that needs immediate intervention. Various treatment modalities are passive, active, and surgical repositioning performed to prevent healing complications such as root resorption, pulp necrosis, ankylosis, and infraocclusion of the traumatized teeth. This case report discusses a patient with traumatically intruded incisors while undergoing orthodontic treatment. Active repositioning, namely orthodontic traction using light and continuous forces were directed onto the intruded teeth commenced 1 month post the injury and brought into occlusion. Clinical and radiographic evidence for the pulpal and periodontal evaluation were done after a year of active treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that observation for a span of 6–12 months before treatment is not necessary to be advocated and immediate intervention is advisable.
Profiling of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lower Assam Region – A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study
Authors: Roy Debojyoti , Selvaraju Thamizholi , Bordoloi Bharadwaj , Pathak BahniSikha , Ahluwalia Divjot
Published: December 2024

Background:

Oral cancer is one of the ten most common cancers worldwide and the sixth most common type of all cancer in India. Among the oral malignancies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancer and hence a significant public health concern.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinicopathological and demographic profiling of OSCC in a district and adjacent area of lower Assam.

Settings and Design:

This was a retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 140 histologically confirmed OSCC patients diagnosed at the Regional Cancer Centre in the district between the period 2022 April and 2023 October constitute our study sample size in this study. The duration of the study was 1½ years.

Statistical Analysis:

The clinical and histopathological features were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23.0 was used.

Results:

OSCC constitutes 23.97% of head-and-neck cancer. The incidence of OSCC was higher in males. The highest number of patients was in the age group of 50–59. The most common site of OSCC was the buccal mucosa followed by the tongue. Most of the cases were well differentiated, the number being 82 (58.57%). Most of the patients were in Stage III and Stage IV.

Conclusions:

The present study highlights that in the lower Assam region, the majority of the OSCC patients are middle-aged male patients with advanced stages of OSCC. The findings from the present study can be used to compare the scenario of OSCC in other parts of Assam and North East India and also can be used for a follow-up study.
Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Level: A Prognostic Biomarker for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: Shah Jigna , Joshi Kinjal
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The study aims to evaluate salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in tobacco users (smoking and/or smokeless) with or without oral potentially malignant diseases (OPMDs), considering into factors like type of habit, duration, and frequency of use.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 60 patients in all, including those who used smokeless tobacco, smoked tobacco, and mixed tobacco and the control group. 1 mL of entire unstimulated saliva was collected using the spit technique and analysed using a semi-autoanalyzer to determine the mean salivary LDH levels.

Result:

The mean salivary LDH level in the control group was lower (128.31) than in the study group. A highly significant (P = 0.000) relationship was discovered between the groups and salivary LDH levels. There was no significant relationship (P > 0.005) between type of habit and mean salivary LDH level. A very significant result was found between the duration of habit in the smoking group (P = 0.000) and the frequency of habit in the smokeless group (P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Saliva is a biochemical tool that may be easily used in diagnostic methods for mass screening. Mean salivary LDH levels are important for informing patients and increasing awareness about the shift from normal to OPMDs.
Clinical features and management of eyes with acute retinal necrosis presenting with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Gore Jinal , Kelgaonkar Anup , Patel Anamika , Basu Soumyava , Pathengay Avinash
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To study clinical features, anatomical and visual outcomes in eyes having rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) as the presenting feature of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Materials and Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with ARN (active/healed) and concomitant RD at the presenting visit.

Results:

The median age of patients was 36 years, with a male preponderance (9:1). Bilateral ARN was observed in 60% of cases, with 50% of patients testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus. The duration between the onset of symptoms and presentation was 3.66 ± 2.26 weeks. At presentation, 53.3% of eyes had active retinitis. Vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil tamponade was performed for 14 eyes. Visual acuity significantly improved in 3 months (P = 0.0027). Poor visual outcomes were associated with optic nerve involvement. The mean duration of silicone oil tamponade was 7.41 ± 4.48 months. Complications included recurrent RD (14.29%), epiretinal membranes (14.29%), cystoid macular edema (21.4%), and retinal scarring with atrophy.

Conclusion:

ARN with RD at presentation is a unique medical and surgical challenge, wherein good anatomical and functional outcomes could be achieved. The large size of retinitis and delayed presentation were the risk factors associated with poor visual outcomes.
Comparison of subfoveal choroidal thickness in pre-eclamptic, healthy pregnant, and non-pregnant women
Authors: Naharwal Aarshi , Samanta Ramanuj , Agrawal Ajai , Chawla Latika , Gaurav Amrita , Jayaraj Sreeram
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of the study was to compare the choroidal thickness (CT) in pre-eclamptic (PE), healthy pregnant, and age-matched healthy non-pregnant females by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate any possible correlation between subfoveal CT (SFCT) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in PE.

Methods:

This was a hospital-based, comparative study. A total of 90 females (30 in each group) aged 20-40 years were recruited prospectively over 1 year. Females with refractive error beyond ±3 D, intraocular pressure >21 mmHg, prior ocular trauma or surgeries, systemic diseases, pregnancy-related complications (except PE), and poor OCT scans were excluded. Following comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, CT was measured bilaterally using SD-OCT (EDI) at the subfoveal region and at 1500 µm nasal and temporal to fovea. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in all.

Results:

The PE group had significantly thinner choroid (SFCT: 337.5 ± 49.8 OD, 333.0 ± 50.8 OS) as compared to the healthy non-pregnant group (SFCT: 351.6 ± 34.4 OD, 365.3 ± 33.6 OS) and healthy pregnant group (SFCT: 374.2 ± 44.1 OD, 377.2 ± 49.5 OS) (P < 0.05) in all locations (nasal, temporal, and subfoveal) in both eyes (except for OD nasal CT). However, there was no significant correlation between SFCT and MAP in the PE group.

Conclusion:

Significantly lower CT in PE without any direct correlation between SFCT and MAP may implicate that choroidal thinning in PE is governed by multifactorial choroidal vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction, instead of MAP solely.
Gut and intraocular fluid dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes-related retinopathy in India: A case for further research
Authors: Das Taraprasad , Takkar Brijesh , Padakandala Shalem R , Shivaji Sisinthy
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

To explore the relationship between gut microbiome, gut mycobiome, and intraocular (aqueous humor) microbiome dysbiosis in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design:

Multiple case-control studies.

Methods:

We evaluated three groups of people: healthy controls (HC), people with T2DM without retinopathy, and those with DR. The study samples included fecal matter (30–50 g) and aqueous humor (0.05–0.1 mL). After amplicon sequencing, we analyzed microbiome profiles (V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene) and mycobiome (ITS2 region of fungal rRNA gene). The main outcome measures were relative abundance, α and β diversity, and dysbiotic bacteria and fungi, analyzed based on the inferred functions of the taxa.

Results:

We recruited 82 people for gut microbiome (30 HC, 24 DM, and 28 DR); 75 people for gut mycobiome (30 HC, 21 DM, and 24 DR); and 12 people for aqueous humor microbiome (4 each HC, DM, and DR) studies. Generally, there was an increased abundance of pro-inflammatory and pathogenic microorganisms and a decreased abundance of anti-inflammatory and probiotic microorganisms. The differences were higher between HC and DM/DR than between DM and DR. In aqueous humor, there was a wider separation in microbiome profiles of people with DR than their gut microbiome.

Conclusion:

The gut and aqueous humor microbiota of people with diabetes and DR may differ from those without diabetes. Given these unique observations in individuals living in one region of India, further research involving people from different regions is required to identify indices for possible regional or global use.
First Report of Rhodnius stali Lent, Jurberg, and Galvão 1993 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) Naturally Infected by Trypanosoma cruzi in Concepción Department, Paraguay
Authors: Sánchez-Casaccia Paz , Garcete-Barrett Bolívar R. , Fraenkel Stefania , Ibarrola-Vannucci Ana Karina , Rojas de Arias Antonieta
Published: December 2024

Most triatomine bugs inhabit nests and shelters of vertebrates, some of which are closely associated with palm trees. A few species occupy domestic and peridomestic habitats, posing a threat to human health as natural transmitters of Chagas disease. A peridomestic specimen that yielded positive results for Trypanosoma cruzi in both microscope and polymerase chain reaction tests was collected during a vector control survey in northeastern Paraguay. The specimen was identified as Rhodnius stali, marking a new record for the country. To the best of our knowledge, this is the southernmost report of this species documented to date. This record emphasizes the importance of considering this additional triatomine species in future vector and control surveillance efforts in Paraguay.
Care-Seeking Action after Helicobacter pylori Testing among a High-Risk Indigenous Population: A Cross-Sectional Study Follow-up
Authors: Brown Heidi E. , Boyd Krystelle , Howard Melissa , Seaton Denver , Begay Rachelle L. , Sanderson Priscilla R. , Harris Robin B.
Published: December 2024

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common infectious agents linked to any malignancy. Recent studies report higher H. pylori prevalence and gastric cancer incidence rates in the Navajo Nation than in general U.S. populations. Little is known about barriers to care and treatment. Participants of the 2022 Navajo Healthy Stomach Project who had a positive urea breath test for H. pylori were contacted after 6 months to assess health care services sought, treatment received, and barriers to accessing care. Descriptive statistics identified perceived barriers to care seeking and treatment. Of individuals consented to recontact, 83 were surveyed (69.8% response rate). Just over half (52.8%) reported following up with an allopathic clinician. The most common reasons for not seeking care were lack of time (37.5%) and forgetting (25.0%). Care seeking was more common among those who felt that H. pylori was linked to their gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.03) or those less concerned about adverse effects of antibiotics (P = 0.07). Community engagement throughout the research process and intentionally sharing research finding with communities may be strategies to reduce barriers to care seeking after a positive H. pylori infection diagnosis.
Seroprevalence of Brucellosis in Livestock and Farmers’ Choice of Milk Marketing Channels in Rwamagana District, Rwanda
Authors: Kiiza David , Denagamage Thomas , Kiker Greg , Maunsell Fiona , Serra Renata , Harris-Coble Lacey N. , Benavides Bibiana , Hernandez Jorge A.
Published: December 2024

Brucellosis remains an endemic disease in livestock populations in Rwanda, but the prevalence of the disease varies by geographic region. The common use of informal milk marketing channels represents a health hazard to humans when milk from Brucella-infected cows from one or more households is mixed with milk from other households for human consumption. In Rwanda, knowledge about the burden of brucellosis in livestock and factors associated with farmers’ choice of milk marketing channels is very limited. The objectives of this study were 1) to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock in Rwamagana District in Rwanda and 2) to estimate the frequency of and identify determinants associated with farmers’ choice of milk marketing channels. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock at the household level was 1/160 (0.6%; 95% CI = 0.1–3.4%). Among 100 households that sold milk, 72 used informal milk trade channels. By the use of logistic regression, milk price and distance to closest milk collection center were positively associated with the use of informal milk marketing channels. Although the seroprevalence of brucellosis in livestock in Rwamagana District was low, the risk of disease transmission to humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk or milk products is not negligible. In this report, we present several policy options available to animal health authorities that can mitigate the risk of brucellosis disease transmission in populations.
Pericardial Abscess Due to Salmonella Typhi Infection
Authors: Zhang Manli , Gao Chunming
Published: December 2024

Typhoid fever is a human-specific disease caused by subspecies of Salmonella enterica (Salmonella Typhi). It spreads through ingestion of contaminated food or water and is diagnosed through blood culture or bone marrow culture. It typically presents as an intestinal infection, with a few patients developing severe disseminated infections. Here, we report a rare case of purulent pericarditis secondary to S. Typhi infection. A 67-year-old elderly male suffered from recurrent fever, diarrhea, and abdominal pain for 7 days. Initial blood and stool cultures were positive for Salmonella, and a follow-up blood culture confirmed S. Typhi. Magnetic resonance imaging showed pericardial abscess and hepatic abscess. After pericardiocentesis, the pericardial fluid culture grew S. Typhi, confirming the diagnosis of pericardial abscess secondary to S. Typhi infection. After percutaneous drainage of the pericardial abscess and administration of effective antibiotics, the patient’s symptoms improved significantly. He subsequently recovered and was discharged from the hospital. During follow-up, there were no further recurrences. Disseminated infection secondary to Salmonella Typhi is extremely rare but can lead to serious life-threatening conditions. Our patient was found to have pericardial abscess caused by S. Typhi. Effective and adequate antibiotics, along with pericardial abscess drainage, can improve symptoms, assist in diagnosis, and enhance quality of life.
Contramapeo en escritoras contemporáneas en español
Authors: Noguerol Francisca
Published: December 2024

El presente artículo destaca cómo dos relevantes títulos contemporáneos —Canción de antiguos amantes (2022) de la colombiana Laura Restrepo, y Palestina en pedazos (2021), de la chilena Lina Meruane— denuncian la ceguera moral característica de nuestros días. Para ello, realizan un contramapeo del poder atendiendo a espacios signados por violencias mal suturadas —Yemen, Etiopía, Somalia, Palestina—, atendidos gracias a la práctica de una «escritura forense» en la que cobran importancia el recurso al mito y la autoetnografía.
Dramaturgia de la ausencia en dos dramas de Alberto Conejero
Authors: Katona Eszter
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes two plays by Alberto Conejero, La piedra oscura and Los días de la nieve, which offer their audience a dramatic and at the same time poetic vision of two forgotten figures of the 20th century: Rafael Rodríguez Rapún, the secretary of La Barraca and the last great love of Federico García Lorca, and Josefina Manresa, the widow of Miguel Hernández. Both of them lived in the shadow of two great poets of 20th century Spanish literature, who in the plays become absent but latent co-protagonists. The analysis – studying the theoretical writings, interviews and talks given by Conejero himself – on the one hand focuses on the encounter and the poetry, key elements in the work of the playwright from Jaén, and on the other hand, on the details of the dramaturgy of absence, a technique that the author utilizes in both plays.
Emilio J. Gallardo-Saborido, Urša Geršak, Maja Šabec (eds.), Giuseppe Gatti Riccardi, Ilinca Ilian (dirs.) (2024). Literatura en práctica. Retos profesionales de lectura, traducción y edición en la era digital. Manual y cuaderno de actividades.
Authors: Markič Jasmina
Published: December 2024

Esta obra monumental es fruto de un arduo trabajo de investigación y creación de un grupo de investigadores y docentes de cuatro países: Eslovenia, Rumanía, Serbia y España desarrollado en el marco del proyecto Erasmus+ KA220-HED-000023037 «Literature in praxis: Professional challenges of reading, translating and editing in digital age» (LITPRAX). Se trata de una edición electrónica disponible en www.litprax.org https://ebooks.uni-lj.si/zalozbaUL www.malinc.si. El objetivo y la idea motivadora de la realización de este proyecto fue contribuir a la formación de lectores más competentes y exigentes partiendo de los resultados de un cuestionario al que respondieron estudiantes de español de varios países de Europa Central y del Sudeste. Así se comprobó que, a pesar de que vivimos en un mundo marcado por Internet y las redes sociales, la importancia de la imagen, la superficialidad y la instantaneidad, la literatura sigue siendo una actividad importante. Sin embargo, los hábitos de lectura de los jóvenes en general han cambiado, así como sus preferencias por temas más actuales.
La Base de datos Litprax de obras traducidas del español al esloveno, rumano y serbio. Proyecto Erasmus+ Literature in praxis: Professional challenges of reading, translating and editing in digital age
Authors: Pregelj Barbara
Published: December 2024

Lo que se presenta a continuación es un informe sobre la base de datos de obras traducidas del español al esloveno, rumano y serbio, creada en el marco del proyecto homónimo –Literature in praxis: Professional challenges of reading, translating and editing in digital age / Literatura en práctica: retos profesionales de lectura, traducción y edición en la era digital (2021-1-SI01-KA220-HED-000023037)– y publicada en la página web del mismo (www.litprax.org). Se describe el modo en que, entre enero de 2022 y julio de 2024, fue creada y diseñada la base de datos; también se analizan la metodología, los desafíos a los que hubo que enfrentarse en el proceso y sus potenciales usos. Al final, se ofrecen algunos datos que pueden servir como ejemplo de su utilidad.
Ilian Ilinca y Maja Šabec (eds.) (2024). Pablo Neruda en el espejo del socialismo. Destino(s) literario(s) en Europa Central y del Sureste durante la Guerra Fría
Authors: Tufek Adi
Published: December 2024

A pesar de la hiperproducción académica contemporánea, en los estudios literarios aún están pendientes trabajos colaborativos que busquen ofrecer visiones globales y que sean a la vez sistemáticos e internacionales. El monográfico Pablo Neruda en el espejo del socialismo. Destino(s) literario(s) en Europa Central y del Sureste durante la Guerra Fría, editado por Ilinca Ilian (Universidad de Oeste de Timişoara) y Maja Šabec (Universidad de Liubliana), se presenta, por lo tanto, como una necesaria contribución producida en las periferias epistemológicas para arrojar luz sobre las dinámicas de la traducción y la recepción más allá de los lugares comunes y contextos geográficos habituales. En este volumen, diecisiete investigadores, procedentes de quince países antaño socialistas o comunistas, se proponen trazar la diacronía de la recepción de Pablo Neruda, una de las figuras centrales de las letras latinoamericanas, a lo largo de las décadas de la Guerra Fría. Qué se ha traducido del poeta chileno, en qué momentos, por quién y por qué (o por qué no), cómo se ha presentado su obra al público lector y alrededor de qué ejes discursivos se ha configurado su figura autorial en los respectivos contextos histórico-culturales: estas son preguntas aparentemente sencillas que, tras la lectura de las más de 400 páginas reunidas en el monográfico, demuestran tener profundas implicaciones para cualquier reflexión seria sobre las nociones de literatura mundial, valor artístico e historia literaria.
Javier Muñoz-Basols, Mara Fuertes Gutiérrez, Luis Cerezo (eds.) (2024). La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología. De la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA)
Authors: Šifrar Kalan Marjana
Published: December 2024

La monografía La enseñanza del español mediada por tecnología: De la justicia social a la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), publicada en la prestigiosa editorial Routledge, supone una innovadora y necesaria contribución para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del español como lengua extranjera (ELE) o segunda lengua (L2), y al mismo tiempo, es extrapolable a todo el ámbito de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas adicionales. Se trata de un trabajo ambicioso y exhaustivo donde expertos de la lingüística hispánica y de la didáctica de ELE, de reconocida proyección internacional, han intentado crear puentes entre la teoría y la práctica; además de presentar las últimas ideas teóricas, también se pretende crear conciencia y hacer sugerencias sobre cómo estos enfoques teóricos se pueden aplicar a las prácticas docentes. Por lo tanto, el libro está dirigido tanto a los investigadores como a los profesores.
Dede Korkut’un Uruz Bey’in Esir Olduğu Destanındaki İmtihanların Dini ve Tasavvufî Yorumu
Authors: Kaval Musa
Published: December 2024

Dede Korkut Kitabı’ndaki destanlar muhtevası itibarıyla birçok alanı ilgilendirecek bilgiler sunmaktadır. Şu ana dek dinî ve özellikle de tasavvufi yönden derinlemesine ele alınmayan destanların Türk toplumunda daha çok menkıbevi yönü ile cazip bir hale gelen tasavvufun kökleşmesine katkı sağladığı söylenebilir. Çalışma konusunu teşkil eden bu yönü ile Uruz Bey’in esir edildiği destan kapsamında sınırlı tutularak tasavvufun Türk halk kültüründeki izlerine ışık tutulmaya çalışılacaktır. Zira kutsal metinlerin kıssaları, sözlü geleneğin unsurları, mitolojilerin destan ve efsaneleri göz önüne alındığında menkıbelerin fonksiyonunu anlamak kolaylaşacaktır. Tarihi, sosyal ve psikolojik gerçeklikleri de aktaran destanlar, insani bir eğilim olan mistik olguları da asırlık akışı içerisinde taşımaktadır. Uruz Bey’in kaçırıldığı destan Türklerin varoluşsal mücadelesi anlatılmaktadır. Çok yönlü yürütülen bu mücadelenin öncelikle nefislerde verilmesi gerektiğini anlatan destan tasavvufî düşüncenin en temel gayesinin bir örneğidir. Küçük savaş olan düşmana karşı verilen mücadelelerde büyük başarı kazanmış Türklerin önce aile ve yakın çevrede icra etmesi gerekenin ne olduğunun öğretildiği destan doğal yaşamın bir üründür. Dolayısıyla tasavvuf ve Türk kültürünün aynı amaca hizmet noktasındaki ontolojik bileşkesinin bir sonucu olarak zuhur eden manevi yaşamın arketiplerine işaret eden çalışma günümüzde devam eden dinî ve tasavvufî tartışmalara karşılaştırmalı araştırma yöntemi bağlamında katkı sunabilecektir. İslam’ın daha çok manevi yönüne ehemmiyet veren tasavvufî öğretim sistemi ile paralellik gösteren destan Uruz Bey’in esir edilmesine sebep olan olaylar ve sonuçlarını adeta bir menkıbe gibi anlatmıştır. Veli bir kişi olduğu anlaşılan Dede Korkut’un kitabında anlattıklarını salt tarihi ve folklorik aktarımlar olduğu söylenemez. Destanların öğretici ve değer aşılayıcı vasfından hareketle veli Dede Korkut, destanları vasıtasıyla tasavvufun hedef edindiği insan-ı kâmil olmayı teşvik etmiştir. Uruz’un esir edildiği destanda insanın esarete düşmesinin nedeninin nefis olduğu anlatılmak istenmektedir. Bu gaye ile ilk defa incelenen ve değerlendirilen destan Türk tasavvuf geleneğinin oluşmaya başladığı döneme dair verdiği bilgiler açısından ayrıca önemlidir. Türklerin toplumsal ve kişisel mücadelelerini tasavvufî bakış açısıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlayan çalışma etnografyanın işlevsel metoduna da hizmet etmiştir. Multi-disipliner bir yaklaşımla nitel, karşılaştırmalı ve meta-analizi araştırma yöntemleri tasavvuf ilminin klasik öğretileri yanında modern bilimlerden de istifade edilerek pedagojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik özgün çıkarımlarında işe koşulmuştur. Bu yönüyle çalışma, tasavvuf ilminin yaygın etkinliği yanında destanların çok katmanlı ve yönlü işlevine hizmet ederek amaç edindiği değerlerin farkına varılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Karaman İlinde Tüketilen Balıklarda Ağır Metal Birikimi ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: Gümüş Numan Emre , Gökbel Fuat , Aydın Ziya
Published: December 2024

Ağır metaller, çevrede birikebilme yetenekleri ile su ekosistemine ve balık tüketimi yoluyla da insanlara taşınabilirler. Biyolojik olarak parçalanamadıkları için ağır metallerin insan sağlığına ciddi zarar verme potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Karaman ilinin su ürünleri üretimi potansiyelinin yetersiz olması su ürünlerinin farklı bölgelerden gelmesine yol açmıştır. Farklı ekolojik bölgelerden gelen balık türlerinin metal seviyeleri ile ilgili Karaman ilinde daha önce bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Karaman ilinde 2023 yılında yerel pazardan alınan halkın çok tükettiği sekiz balık türünün (gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss), barbun (Mullus barbatus), çipura (Sparus aurata), hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus), istavrit (Trachurus mediterraneus), kupes (Boops boops), levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) ve mercan (Pagrus pagrus)) kas metal biyobirikimleri ve tüketiminin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. Metal konsantrasyonları (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni ve Zn) İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma - Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi (ICP-OES) cihazıyla belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen metal konsantrasyonları ulusal ve uluslararası yönetmeliklerin maksimum izin verilebilir limitleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. İnorganik arsenik (iAs) ortalama konsantrasyonun mercan (0,233 mg/kg) balığında, kadmiyum (Cd) ortalama konsantrasyonlarının ise istavrit (0,060 mg/kg), kupes (0,063 mg/kg) ve mercan (0,171 mg/kg) balıklarında yönetmeliklerin maksimum izin verilebilir limitlerini aştığı bulunmuştur. Sağlık riski değerlendirme yöntemleri (Tahmini Günlük Alım, Hedef Tehlike Oranı, Tehlike İndeksi), incelenen balık türlerinin tüketiminin güvenli olduğunu göstermiştir.