bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contact-Maintaining Metacommunicative Listener Questions in Modern English Dialogic Discourse
Authors: Grabovska Inna
Published: December 2020

Contact-Maintaining Metacommunicative Listener Questions in Modern English Dialogic DiscourseThe paper focuses on revealing the mechanisms of maintaining spoken interaction by means of the metacommunicative listener questions in modern English dialogic discourse. The pragmatic and discursive properties of metacommunicative questions functioning at the contact-maintaining stage of the communicative act are singled out. The typology of contact-maintaining metacommunicative listener questions in modern English dialogic discourse is proposed. Contact-maintaining metacommunicative questions are viewed as a specifically oriented functional class of speech units bound by a common communicative purpose, i. e., they aim to control the communicative activity of the interlocutor, regulate the thematic and expressive components of the communicative situation, and to change the interpersonal relations of communication partners, thereby influencing the flow of interaction. Metakomunikatywne pytania odbiorcy wspierające podtrzymanie kontaktu we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogowymArtykuł przedstawia mechanizm utrzymywania interakcji mówionej za pomocą metakomunikacyjnych pytań słuchacza we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogicznym. Wyróżniono pragmatyczne i dyskursywne właściwości pytań metakomunikacyjnych funkcjonujących na etapie utrzymywania kontaktu aktu komunikacyjnego. Zaproponowano typologię metakomunikacyjnych pytań słuchacza, mających na celu utrzymywanie kontaktu we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogowym. Metakomunikacyjne pytania, utrzymujące kontakt  słuchacza są postrzegane jako szczególnie ukierunkowany rodzaj funkcji jednostek mowy związanych wspólnym celem komunikacyjnym, czyli mających na celu kontrolowanie aktywności komunikacyjnej rozmówcy, regulację tematycznych i ekspresyjnych elementów sytuacji komunikacyjnej, zmianę relacji interpersonalnych partnerów komunikacyjnych, a tym samym wpływanie na przebieg interakcji.
The Structural-Semantic Features of Computer Terms in English
Authors: Bogachyk Maryna , Bihunov Dmytro
Published: December 2020

The Structural-Semantic Features of Computer Terms in EnglishThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and semantic characteristics of computer terms in English. The peculiarities of the word-formation process and the functioning of English computer terms are analysed. Strukturalne i semantyczne cechy terminów komputerowych w języku angielskimArtykuł poświęcony jest badaniu cech strukturalnych i semantycznych terminów komputerowych w języku angielskim. Przeanalizowano specyfikę procesu słowotwórstwa i funkcjonowania angielskich terminów komputerowych.
Non-Verbal Means of Communication in the Representation of the Emotional State of Joy in Modern English Fictional Discourse
Authors: Kyseliuk Natalia , Hubina Alla , Martyniuk Alla , Tryndiuk Valentyna
Published: December 2020

Non-Verbal Means of Communication in the Representation of the Emotional State of Joy in Modern English Fictional DiscourseThis article concerns the study of the non-verbal means of communication designating the emotional state of joy which are present in fictional discourse. The functional peculiarities of non-verbal means designating the emotional state of joy are specified. It is proved that the register of non-verbal components indicating joy includes facial expressions, gestures, phonation, and the like. The subsystems of kinesic and phonatory non-verbal components are the dominant ones. Fictional discourse including representations of joy contains both verbal and non-verbal means of designating the emotional state, functioning either separately or in interaction. This interaction is based on the concept of emotional valence and is represented in repetition, contradiction, substitution, complementation, emphasis and regulation. In an utterance, non-verbal means can occur in the initial, medial, and final positions. The most common models of the occurrence of non-verbal components denoting joy in utterances are revealed. Niewerbalne środki komunikacji w przedstawieniu emocjonalnego stanu radości we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie fikcyjnymArtykuł dotyczy badań niewerbalnych środków komunikacji na oznaczenie emocjonalnego stanu radości, które są obecne w dyskursie nienaukowym. Określono osobliwości funkcjonalne środków niewerbalnych, oznaczających stan emocjonalny radości. Udowodniono, że rejestr niewerbalnych elementów wskazujących na radość obejmuje mimikę, gesty, fonację i tym podobne. Podsystemy kinestetyczne i fonatory są w pozycji dominującej. Dyskurs fikcyjny, w tym reprezentacje radości zawierają zarówno werbalne, jak i niewerbalne środki na określenie stanu emocjonalnego, funkcjonującego oddzielnie lub w interakcji. Ta interakcja opiera się na koncepcji wartościowości emocjonalnej i jest reprezentowana przez powtórzenie, zaprzeczenie, zastąpienie, uzupełnienie, uwydatnienie i regulację. W wypowiedzi niewerbalne środki mogą występować w pozycjach początkowych, środkowych i końcowych.  Są ujawniane najbardziej powszechne modele występowania elementów niewerbalnych oznaczających radość w wypowiedziach.
Beta-Plane Arrested Topographic Wave as a Linkage of Open Ocean Forcing and Mean Shelf Circulation
Authors: Wu Hui
Published: December 2020

Pressure anomaly set by the open ocean affects the dynamic topography and associated circulation over the continental shelf, which is explored here on a linearized β-plane arrested topographic wave framework that considers the variation in Coriolis parameter with latitude. It was found that on a meridional shelf, a nondimensional parameter Peβ, termed the β Péclet number, signifies the characteristics of open ocean–shelf interaction. The Peβ ≡ Dβ/α is determined by the ratio of long-wave-limit planetary to topographic Rossby wave speeds, i.e., the β drift Dβ, and the linear Ekman number α. On the western boundary shelf, due to the westward planetary Rossby wave, open ocean pressure propagates shoreward as Peβ > 1, and shelf circulation peaks where Peβ drops to 1. At this location, the planetary β effect is balanced by the bottom friction. The Peβ = 1 must occur either on the shelf or on the coastal wall when Peβ > 1 is observed at the shelf edge. On the eastern boundary shelf, however, Peβ < 0, the pressure anomaly is removed from the shelf, and hence the inductive circulation decays rapidly from the shelf edge. This β effect is robust on gently sloping meridional shelves. For zonal shelves, the planetary β increases the effective bottom slope on the northern boundary shelf but decreases it on the southern one, in a sense of potential vorticity conservation. However, this effect could be less significant in reality, given the complex dynamics involved. The above mechanism can explain the dynamics driving the Taiwan Warm Current in the East China Sea and its bifurcation around 28°N.
Structural transformation of kaolin as an active matrix for the in situ synthesis of zeolite Y
Authors: Padilla Jessyka , Guzman Alexander , Molina Daniel , Poveda-Jaramillo Juan Carlos
Published: December 2020

To produce an optimized matrix for the in situ crystallization of zeolite Y, a commercial kaolin chemically treated with NaOH solution at 97°C for 24 h and thermally transformed from 750 to 1100°C was studied. The kaolin calcined at 750°C has 20% more reactive tetrahedral aluminium species for the synthesis of zeolite Y than kaolin calcined at 865°C. The kaolin calcined at 1000°C has amorphous silica zones that may be extracted using caustic solution; this increases the surface area by a factor of 16 and generates mesopores ~5 nm in diameter. These structural changes in the calcined and treated kaolins were combined to prepare microspheres of the mesoporous matrix, upon which well-dispersed crystals of zeolite Y crystallized.
Antibody-induced procoagulant platelets in severe COVID-19 infection
Authors: Althaus Karina , Marini Irene , Zlamal Jan , Pelzl Lisann , Singh Anurag , Häberle Helene , Mehrländer Martin , Hammer Stefanie , Schulze Harald , Bitzer Michael , Malek Nisar , Rath Dominik , Bösmüller Hans , Nieswandt Bernard , Gawaz Meinrad , Bakchoul Tamam , Rosenberger Peter
Published: December 2020

The pathophysiology of COVID-19–associated thrombosis seems to be multifactorial. We hypothesized that COVID-19 is accompanied by procoagulant platelets with subsequent alteration of the coagulation system. We investigated depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) concentration, and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Platelets from COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit (ICU; n = 21) showed higher ΔΨm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+, and PS externalization compared with healthy controls (n = 18) and non-ICU COVID-19 patients (n = 4). Moreover, significant higher cytosolic Ca2+ and PS were observed compared with a septic ICU control group (ICU control; n = 5). In the ICU control group, cytosolic Ca2+ and PS externalization were comparable with healthy controls, with an increase in ΔΨm depolarization. Sera from COVID-19 patients in the ICU induced a significant increase in apoptosis markers (ΔΨm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+, and PS externalization) compared with healthy volunteers and septic ICU controls. Interestingly, immunoglobulin G fractions from COVID-19 patients induced an Fcγ receptor IIA–dependent platelet apoptosis (ΔΨm depolarization, cytosolic Ca2+, and PS externalization). Enhanced PS externalization in platelets from COVID-19 patients in the ICU was associated with increased sequential organ failure assessment score (r = 0.5635) and D-dimer (r = 0.4473). Most importantly, patients with thrombosis had significantly higher PS externalization compared with those without. The strong correlations between markers for apoptosic and procoagulant platelets and D-dimer levels, as well as the incidence of thrombosis, may indicate that antibody-mediated procoagulant platelets potentially contributes to sustained increased thromboembolic risk in ICU COVID-19 patients.
A pragmatic multi-institutional approach to understanding transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy after stem cell transplant
Authors: Dandoy Christopher E. , Rotz Seth , Alonso Priscila Badia , Klunk Anna , Desmond Catherine , Huber John , Ingraham Hannah , Higham Christine , Dvorak Christopher C. , Duncan Christine , Schoettler Michelle , Lehmann Leslie , Cancio Maria , Killinger James , Davila Blachy , Phelan Rachel , Mahadeo Kris M. , Khazal Sajad , Lalefar Nahal , Vissa Madhav , Myers Kasiani , Wallace Greg , Nelson Adam , Khandelwal Pooja , Bhatla Deepika , Gloude Nicholas , Anderson Eric , Huo Jeffrey , Roehrs Philip , Auletta Jeffery J. , Chima Ranjit , Lane Adam , Davies Stella M. , Jodele Sonata
Published: December 2020

Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A single-center prospective screening study has shown that the incidence of TA-TMA is much higher than prior retrospective studies that did not systematically screen. These data have not been replicated in a multicenter study. Our objective was to determine the incidence and risk factors for TA-TMA and compare outcomes of pediatric HSCT patients with and without TA-TMA. Patients were prospectively screened for TA-TMA at participating centers using a simple to implement and inexpensive strategy from the start of the preparative regimen through day +100. TA-TMA was diagnosed if ≥4 of 7 laboratory/clinical markers diagnostic for TA-TMA were present concurrently or if tissue histology showed TA-TMA. A total of 614 patients (359 males; 58%) received prospective TA-TMA screening at 13 pediatric centers. TA-TMA was diagnosed in 98 patients (16%) at a median of 22 days (interquartile range, 14-44) posttransplant. Patients with TA-TMA had significantly increased bloodstream infections (38% [37/98] vs 21% [107/51], P ≤ .001), mean total hospitalization days (68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63-74 vs 43; 95% CI, 41-45; P ≤ .001), and number of days spent in the intensive care unit (10.1; 95% CI, 6.4-14; vs 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P ≤ .001) in the first 100 days after HSCT compared with patients without TA-TMA. Overall survival was significantly higher in patients without TA-TMA (93%; 490/516) compared with patients with TA-TMA (78%; 76/98) (P ≤ .001). These data support the need for systematic screening for TA-TMA and demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of an easy to implement strategy to do so.
Correction to: Transient ischemic attack presenting as recurrent migratory numbness by seconds: a rare case confirmed by transcranial Doppler micro-emboli monitoring
Authors: Liu Xianyue , Han Ke , Hu Mingyi , Liao Huanquan , Hou Qinghua
Published: December 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Robust cooperation against mutations via costly expulsion
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Duh Maja , Perc Matjaž
Published: December 2020

Research has shown that spatial selection can lead to the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. However, the effectiveness of spatial reciprocity among cooperative players is often diminished by mutations. Here, we report the evolution of robust cooperation against mutations, which is brought about by costly expulsion in the spatial public goods game. We find that costly expulsion is able to enhance the robustness of positive assortment among cooperators against mutations. Moreover, we also show that moderate mutation rates are beneficial for the expansion of spatial clusters among cooperative individuals once the spontaneous formation of segregation patterns is completed by costly expulsion. Our results thus communicate the counterintuitive conclusions that mutations are not always detrimental for the evolution of cooperation in spatial social dilemma games, and what is more, can even be beneficial for faster spreading of cooperator clusters.
A motion compensation treadmill for untethered wood ants (Formica rufa): evidence for transfer of orientation memories from free-walking training
Authors: Goulard Roman , Buehlmann Cornelia , Niven Jeremy E. , Graham Paul , Webb Barbara
Published: December 2020

The natural scale of insect navigation during foraging makes it challenging to study under controlled conditions. Virtual reality and trackball setups have offered experimental control over visual environments while studying tethered insects, but potential limitations and confounds introduced by tethering motivates the development of alternative untethered solutions. In this paper, we validate the use of a motion compensator (or ‘treadmill’) to study visually driven behaviour of freely moving wood ants (Formica rufa). We show how this setup allows naturalistic walking behaviour and preserves foraging motivation over long time frames. Furthermore, we show that ants are able to transfer associative and navigational memories from classical maze and arena contexts to our treadmill. Thus, we demonstrate the possibility to study navigational behaviour over ecologically relevant durations (and virtual distances) in precisely controlled environments, bridging the gap between natural and highly controlled laboratory experiments.
Innovation in solitary bees is driven by exploration, shyness and activity levels
Authors: Collado Miguel Á. , Menzel Randolf , Sol Daniel , Bartomeus Ignasi
Published: December 2020

Behavioral innovation and problem solving are widely considered important mechanisms by which animals respond to novel environmental challenges, including those induced by human activities. Despite its functional and ecological relevance, much of our current understanding of these processes comes from studies in vertebrates. Understanding these processeses in invertebrates has lagged behind partly because they are not perceived to have the cognitive machinery required. This perception is however challenged by recent evidence demonstrating sophisticated cognitive capabilities in insects despite their small brains. Here, we study innovation, understood as the capacity of solving a new task, of a solitary bee (Osmia cornuta) in the laboratory by exposing naïve individuals to an obstacle removal task. We also studied the underlying cognitive and non-cognitive mechanisms through a battery of experimental tests designed to measure associative learning, exploration, shyness and activity levels. We found that solitary bees can innovate, with 11 of 29 individuals (38%) being able to solve a new task consisting in lifting a lid to reach a reward. However, the propensity to innovate was uncorrelated with the measured learning capacities, but increased with exploration, boldness and activity. These results provide solid evidence that non-social insects can solve new tasks, and highlight the importance of interpreting innovation in the light of non-cognitive processes.
The ander's organ: a mechanism for anti-predator ultrasound in a relict orthopteran
Authors: Woodrow Charlie , Judge Kevin A. , Pulver Christian , Jonsson Thorin , Montealegre-Z Fernando
Published: December 2020

The use of acoustics in predator evasion is a widely reported phenomenon amongst invertebrate taxa, but the study of ultrasonic anti-predator acoustics is often limited to the prey of bats. Here, we describe the acoustic function and morphology of a unique stridulatory structure in the relict orthopteran Cyphoderris monstrosa (Ensifera, Hagloidea): the Ander's organ. This species is one of just eight remaining members of the family Prophalangopsidae, a group with a fossil record of over 90 extinct species widespread during the Jurassic. We reveal that the sound produced by this organ has the characteristics of a broadband ultrasonic anti-predator defence, with a peak frequency of 58±15.5 kHz and a bandwidth of 50 kHz (at 10 dB below peak). Evidence from sexual dimorphism, knowledge on hearing capabilities and assessment of local predators, suggest the signal likely targets ground-dwelling predators. Additionally, we reveal a previously undescribed series of cavities underneath the organ that likely function as a mechanism for ultrasound amplification. Morphological structures homologous in both appearance and anatomical location to the Ander's organ are observed to varying degrees in 4 of the 7 other extant members of this family, with the remaining 3 yet to be assessed. Therefore, we suggest that such structures may either be more widely present in this ancient family than previously assumed, or have evolved to serve a key function in the long-term survival of these few species, allowing them to outlive their extinct counterparts.
Direct Amorphous-structure Analysis: How are Surface/Bulk Structure and Activity of Titania Photocatalyst Particles Changed by Milling?
Authors: Chen Guangyi , Takashima Mai , Ohtani Bunsho
Published: December 2020

Changes in surface and bulk structures of rutile titania particles induced by braying up to 10 d and post calcination in air at 773 K were analyzed by reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy. The observed energy-resolved distribution of electron traps indicated that the surface was amorphized by braying to give rutile-core amorphous-shell structure and the amorphous layer was partly recrystallized by post-calcination leaving grain boundaries in the surface layers, both of which may cause the observed markedly decreased photocatalytic activities.
Ruthenium(II)-catalyzed Arylation of ortho-C–H Bonds in 2-Aroyl-imidazoles with Aryl Halides
Authors: Wang Chen-an , Chatani Naoto
Published: December 2020

The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed ortho-C–H arylation of 2-aroyl-imidazoles with aryl bromides and chloride is reported. An imidazole ring functions both as a masked ester and a directing group for C–H activation. A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the reaction conditions. The arylated final products could be easily converted into the corresponding esters and amide.
Lung ultrasound education: simulation and hands-on
Authors: Wolstenhulme Stephen , McLaughlan James Ross
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 can cause damage to the lung, which can result in progressive respiratory failure and potential death. Chest radiography and CT are the imaging tools used to diagnose and monitor patients with COVID-19. Lung ultrasound (LUS) during COVID-19 is being used in some areas to aid decision-making and improve patient care. However, its increased use could help improve existing practice for patients with suspected COVID-19, or other lung disease. A limitation of LUS is that it requires practitioners with sufficient competence to ensure timely, safe, and diagnostic clinical/imaging assessments. This commentary discusses the role and governance of LUS during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and how increased education and training in this discipline can be undertaken given the restrictions in imaging highly infectious patients. The use of simulation, although numerical methods or dedicated scan trainers, and machine learning algorithms could further improve the accuracy of LUS, whilst helping to reduce its learning curve for greater uptake in clinical practice.
A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of initial RT-PCR and CT scan in suspected COVID-19 patients
Authors: Mair Manish Devendra , Hussain Mohammed , Siddiqui Saad , Das Sudip , Baker Andrew , Conboy Peter , Valsamakis Theodoros , Uddin Javed , Rea Peter
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and initial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detecting COVID-19 infection.

Methods:

We searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and EMCARE, to identify studies reporting diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection between December 2019 and May 2020. For accurate comparison, only those studies that had patients undergoing both CT and RT-PCR were included. Pooled diagnostic accuracy of both the tests was calculated by using a bivariate random effects model.

Results:

Based on inclusion criteria, only 11 studies consisting of 1834 patients were included in the final analysis that reported diagnostic accuracy of both CT and RT-PCR, in the same set of patients. Sensitivity estimates for CT scan ranged from 0.69 to 1.00 and for RT-PCR varied ranging from 0.47 to 1.00. The pooled estimates of sensitivity for CT and RT-PCR were 0.91 [95% CI (0.84–0.97)] and 0.84 [95% CI (0.71–0.94)], respectively. On subgroup analysis, pooled sensitivity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.95 [95% CI (0.88–0.98)] and 0.91 [95% CI (0.80–0.96), p = o.ooo1]. The pooled specificity of CT and RT-PCR was 0.31 [95% CI (0.035–0.84)] and 1.00 [95% CI (0.96–1.00)].

Conclusion:

CT is more sensitive than RT-PCR in detecting COVID-19 infection, but has a very low specificity.

Advances in knowledge:

Since the results of a CT scan are available quickly, it can be used as an adjunctive initial diagnostic test for patients with a history of positive contact or epidemiological history.
Pericardial pseudocyst along atrioventricular groove
Authors: Alex Ajay , Ayyappan Anoop , Valakkada Jineesh , Pillai Vivek V , Sreekantan Renjith , Poyuran Rajalakshmi
Published: December 2020

Cystic lesions in relation to the pericardium are a rare congenital lesion with an estimated incidence of 1 per 100,,000. Pericardial cysts may be classified as congenital or acquired. Here, we present a case of a pericardial pseudocyst having a horseshoe configuration along the atrioventricular groove in a middle-aged subject with no previous relevant medical history. The patient underwent open surgery for the same with histopathological diagnosis being established. This paper highlights the differentials for a cystic pericardial lesion in imaging in addition to the histopathological entity of a pericardial pseudocyst.
Superior mesenteric vein tumour thrombus in a patient with caecal adenocarcinoma: a rare and important finding
Authors: Trivedi Janki , Bouwer Heinrich , Sutherland Tom
Published: December 2020

Venous tumour thrombosis refers to the invasion of tumour into the venous system. Extramural venous invasion is routinely searched for and reported in rectal carcinoma due to its prognostic significance and influence on staging, prognosis and treatment approach. We describe a case of extramural venous invasion occurring as superior mesenteric vein tumour thrombus in the setting of a caecal carcinoma.
Botulism outbreak after the consumption of vegetarian pâté in the south of Viet Nam
Authors: Ngan Nguyen Thi Thuy , Tho Vo Ngoc Anh , Khanh Do Thi Ngoc , Hien Vo Thi Thanh , Day Jeremy N. , Sang Nguyen Ngoc , Tam Hua Thoai , Thanh Ho Thi Chi , Hung Le Quoc
Published: December 2020

Botulism is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. Here we reported a case series of six patients who presented with botulism following ingestion of commercially made pâté. The key features of presentation were acute onset of bilateral cranial nerve palsies and symmetrical descending weakness in the absence of fever resulting in the need for mechanical ventilation in all six patients. The clinical diagnosis of botulism was confirmed through the identification of C. botulinum from the suspected food source.  Given that botulinum antitoxin was not available in Vietnam at the time, and their severe status, all patients received a trial of plasma exchange therapy, but no clear benefit was seen.

Due to its rarity, diagnosing botulism is a challenge, demanding high clinical suspicion. Successful outcomes depend upon early recognition and rapid initiation of specific treatment with botulinum antitoxin. There is a need to improve global access to antitoxin.  These cases, the first in Viet Nam, serve as a reminder of the need to maintain the highest possible food hygiene and preservation practices.
ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИОННОГО СТАТУСА РОССИИ
Authors: Vshivceva Ljudmila Nikolaevna , Mulikova Natalya Anatolyevna
Published: December 2020

Цель. Статья посвящена актуальной в условиях резкого обострения геополитической ситуации и всплеска этничности теме российской цивилизационной идентичности. Предметом анализа выступает цивилизационный статус России в рамках известных геополитических концепций. Авторы ставят целью определить роль российской цивилизации в контексте двух соперничающих интеграционных проектов – евразийского и евроатлантическогоМетод или методология проведения работы. В работе использованы аналитический, аксиологический, культурно-исторический методы, а также общие принципы цивилизационного подхода.Результаты. В статье в контексте классических и постмодернистских теорий геополитики определен цивилизационный статус России. Показана ее роль в современном евразийском интеграционном проекте в качестве альтернативы евроатлантической гегемонии, не только в силу своей духовности, но и инновационности как одного из основных мировых генераторов новых идей и технологий.Область применения результатов. Основные выводы работы могут найти применение в сфере конструирования социально-политической реальности и прогнозирования.
ОЦЕНКА ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИХ ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА МЕДИЦИНСКИХ РАБОТНИКОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭПИДЕМИЙ И ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ
Authors: Sokolov Vladimir Maksimovich , Stovba Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Актуальность. Труд медицинских работников относится к категории наиболее ответственных и сложных видов деятельности, сопряженных с риском. В данной статье в качестве такой рискогенной среды рассматриваются условия труда врачей и другого медперсонала; осуществляется анализ факторов психосоциального риска медицинских работников в сложных условиях борьбы с инфекционными и прочими заболеваниями.Цель. Авторы ставят целью раскрыть и проанализировать морально-психологическое состояние и трудовое поведение медицинских работников в экстремальных условиях, создающие угрозы и риски для их здоровья. По роду своей деятельности сотрудники медицинских учреждений должны прежде всего руководствоваться профессиональными медицинскими кодексами, но также их моральный выбор в экстремальных ситуациях будет зависеть от собственной оценки риска и системы ценностей.Результаты. В результате проведенного анализа показано, что ситуацию в Российской Федерации в целом можно оценить как неблагополучную в плане материальной и морально-психологической поддержки медперсонала в период массовых эпидемий и экстремальных ситуаций. Государство обязано ценить их труд ещё выше в кризисной обстановке и обеспечить жизненно-необходимыми средствами эпидемиологической защиты, хотя бы для того, чтобы специалист не пополнил отрицательную часть статистики в период эпидемии, когда его труд настолько ценен.Область применения результатов. Авторами затрагивается проблема совершенствования системы российского здравоохранения с учетом сложившейся ситуации с распространением эпидемии коронавируса. Через призму данного подхода подчеркивается важность учета оценки поведенческих факторов профессионального риска и их восприятия в медицинской среде. Подчеркивается важность сохранения физического и психического здоровья медработников как необходимого условия успешности противоэпидемических мероприятий и принятия адекватных управленческих решений в случае экстремальных ситуаций.
ФЕНОМЕН ЭСКАПИЗМА В РЕКЛАМНОМ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОМ НАРРАТИВЕ
Authors: Menshikova Ekaterina Evgenevna
Published: December 2020

Цель. Настоящее исследование посвящено выявлению особенностей эскапизма как существенно значимого феномена человеческого бытия, актуализированного посредством рекламного туристического нарратива.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование базируется на философской рефлексии, которая понимается в качестве особого метода, позволяющего анализировать социокультурные феномены. Методами исследования послужили также общенаучные методы наблюдения и описания.Результаты. В статье рассматривается инструментальный эскапизм, служащий целям адаптации человека в современном обществе. Показано, что рекламный туристический нарратив является катализатором эскапизма. Выделены и обоснованы такие основные стратегии эскапизма как расхождение между актуальным и потенциальным бытием и рассогласование между реальным и идеальным «Я».Область применения. Материалы могут включаться в курсы и модули преподавания философии культуры и философской антропологии. Практическая значимость настоящего исследования заключается также в возможности применения изложенных теоретических положений и практических результатов в лекционных курсах некоторых разделов по общему языкознанию, лингвокультурологии и межкультурной коммуникации.
Things We Do for No Reason™: Universal Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Low‐Risk Hospitalized Medical Patients
Authors: Barlow Brooke , Barlow Ashley , Breu Anthony C
Published: December 2020

Inspired by the ABIM Foundation's Choosing Wisely® campaign, the “Things We Do for No Reason™” (TWDFNR) series reviews practices that have become common parts of hospital care but may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent clear‐cut conclusions or clinical practice standards but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
THE SCHEME OF POTIPHAR’S WIFE: FROM CLASSICAL TRADITION TO EUGENE O’NEILL.
Authors: Maleki Nasser , Nazemi Zahra , Laguna Mariscal Gabriel
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present paper is to introduce a literary topos called the scheme of Potiphar’s wife, its development in literary history and its recreation in Eugene O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms (1924). Taking into consideration the three requirements established by Laguna Mariscal for a literary topos (content, literary form, and historical development), the evolution of this topos in The Egyptian Tale of Two Brothers, the biblical Book of Genesis, Homer’s Iliad, Ovid’s Metamorphoses, Euripides’s Hippolytus, Seneca’s Phaedra and O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms is surveyed. It is argued that the story of Potiphar’s wife is part of a long-standing topos that has been developed through the literary history. The recreation of this topos in O’Neill’s play, as one permutation of this topos, while evoking several Classical sources, especially the Hippolytus by Euripides, is at the same time a creative adaptation, aimed to match the historical context of twentieth century America.
TRANSLATING AFRICAN-AMERICAN NEO-SLAVE NARRATIVES: BLACK ENGLISH IN THE GOOD LORD BIRD AND THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.
Authors: Sanz Jiménez Miguel
Published: December 2020

This paper studies how two recent neo-slave narratives have been translated into Spanish: The Good Lord Bird, by James McBride, and The Underground Railroad, by Colson Whitehead. Since they were both published simultaneously in Spain in September 2017, special attention is paid to the strategies used to render Black English, which marks slaves’ otherness, in the target polysystem. An overview of the origin, rise, and evolution of neo-slave narratives precedes the features of African-American Vernacular English portrayed in the novels that belong to this sub-genre. After some insights into the issue of translating literary dialect, the risks it entails, and the different strategies that can be used, the Spanish versions of McBride’s and Whitehead’s works are analyzed accordingly and contrasted.
APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS (MCDA) IN THE AREA OF SUSTAINABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Goyal Praveen , Kumar Divesh , Kumar Vinod
Published: December 2020

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis is a decision-making technique that is used by practitioners and frequently discussed and applied by researchers. This present study attempts to review the literature of applications of MCDA techniques in the area of sustainability using citation analysis. For the data collection, the Scopus database was used. With the help of related keywords, 701 research papers were identified and found suitable for analysis. These papers were then analyzed based on country, author, citation, year, and other criteria to demonstrate the pattern of research applying MCDA in sustainability. The CiteSpace tool was also used to present the clusters, citation analysis, and keywords as bursts. The findings of the present study will help future researchers better explore the field.
Irene Gras Valero, Cristina Rodríguez Samaniego y Núria Aragonés Riu (coords.), Cataluña-América. Arte entre el viaje y el exilio (s. XIX y XX), Barcelona, Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2018
Authors: Laffita Menocal Barbara Beatriz
Published: December 2020

Ressenya de llibre: Irene GRAS VALERO, Cristina RODRÍGUEZ SAMANIEGO y Núria ARAGONÉS RIU (coords.), Cataluña-América. Arte entre el viaje y el exilio (s. XIX y XX), Barcelona, Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2018.
La Passió segons Tintoretto. Del Judici al Davallament
Authors: Alcoy i Pedrós Rosa
Published: December 2020

L’article destaca alguns dels interessos i estratègies pictòriques essencials de Tintoretto. El transvasament del seu caràcter impactant a la configuració d’una individualitat pictòrica arriba associada a un llenguatge que, lluny de voler ser arbitrari, vol sobresortir pels seus valors intrínsecs al temps que dialoga amb l’art del passat i aprecia la intel·ligència de l’espectador. Si de tant en tant ens desubica és per obligar-nos a retornar als temes mantenint la tensió precisa. El pintor explica els temes amb refinada elaboració i en un format visible, un format singular que vol apropiar-se de l’atenció del que mira i que no s’agenolla davant de cap discurs oral o  escrit. El cicle de la Passió de Crist fa possible explicar pas a pas aquest sentiment del discurs en l’obra de Jacopo Robusti. La seva projecció excepcional a la Scuola Grande de San Rocco avala una trajectòria que no queda tancada en els sus murs. La institució veneciana és el punt de partida d’un recorregut més ampli que es planteja valorar també l’aportació d’altres produccions de primer ordre en què la mà de Tintoretto és la més rellevant...
LA REPRESENTACIÃ“N DE LOS INTÃ‰RPRETES EN LOS LARGOMETRAJES DE FICCIÃ“N
Authors: Montero XoÃ¡n
Published: December 2020

El presente artÃ­culo tiene como objetivo analizar la figura del personaje-intÃ©rprete en el cine, desde el punto de vista de la tipologÃ­a de la interpretaciÃ³n, la seriedad del intÃ©rprete a la hora de recrear su trabajo y la profesionalidad del mismo en las diversas situaciones comunicativas en las que se hace necesaria la figura de un mediador lingÃ¼Ã­stico y cultural. Para ello, echaremos mano de los personajes de ficciÃ³n â€“protagonistas e intÃ©rpretesâ€“ de tres pelÃ­culas: La niÃ±a de tus ojos (Trueba 1998), para la tÃ©cnica de interpretaciÃ³n bilateral, La intÃ©rprete (Pollack 2005), para la simultÃ¡nea y La quise tanto (Breitman 2009), para la consecutiva.
EL MUNDO Y LO AJENO: "MIR, VOLJA, SVOJ Y ÄŒUÅ½OJ" COMO LINGUOCULTUREMAS RUSOS. ESTUDIO COMPARADO CON LA LENGUA ESPAÃ‘OLA
Authors: J. Vercher Enrique
Published: December 2020

El artÃ­culo comienza analizando algunos conceptos fundamentales de la linguoculturologÃ­a como son el culturema, el linguo-cultu-rema, el linguoconcepto y la teorÃ­a de los campos linguoculturales. En la segunda parte del artÃ­culo se aplican dichos conceptos para analizar el campo linguocultural ruso de mir, compuesto por un conjunto de linguoconceptos como lad-pokoj-ujut-dom-svoj-stroj-teplota, y el campo linguocultural de volja y sus linguoconceptos asociados (ÄuÅ¾oj-prostor-razdolâ€™e-udalâ€™-razgul-holod). En la tercera parte se aplica la misma metodologÃ­a al caso de los campos lin-guoculturales espaÃ±oles de mundo (en su concepciÃ³n fÃ­sica de con-junto de todas las cosas)-paz-humanidad-propio-conveniente-armo-nÃ­a-acuerdo-casa-hogar-fuego-calidez, por un lado, y el de mundo (en su concepciÃ³n teolÃ³gica negativa, y sus derivados como mun-danear)-inmundicia(inmundo)-ajeno-extraÃ±o. Con ello se muestran las semejanzas, pero tambiÃ©n la no equivalencia exacta de las vi-siones lingÃ¼Ã­sticas del mundo de diferentes culturas y en dife-rentes Ã©pocas.Â
Snapshot spectroscopic microscopy with double spherical slicer mirrors
Authors: Zhang Yinxin , Xu Daiyu , Liu Guoxuan , Yang Huaidong
Published: December 2020

Snapshot hyperspectral microscopic imaging can obtain the morphological characteristics and chemical specificity of samples simultaneously and instantaneously. We demonstrate a double-slicer spectroscopic microscopy (DSSM) that uses two spherical slicer mirrors to magnify the target image and slice it. These slits are lined up and dispersed, then mapped onto an area-array detector. An anamorphosis unit optimizes the capacity of the limited pixels. With a single shot and image recombination, a data cube can be constructed for sample analysis, and a model of DSSM is simulated. The system covers the spectral range from 500 nm to 642.5 nm with 20 spectral channels. The spatial resolution is 417 nm, and the spectral resolution is 7.5 nm.
Improving the beam quality of DPALs by refractive index gradients induced by the pump beam in the heated gain medium: experimental verification of the theoretical prediction
Authors: Luzon Roei , Kostyukovets Svyatoslav , Auslender Ilya , Mayorkas Nitzan , Yacoby Eyal , Barmashenko Boris D. , Rosenwaks Salman
Published: December 2020

We recently predicted [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35,
558 (2018)JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.35.000558] that large radial
gradients of the refractive index induced by the pump beam in the
heated gain medium of diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPALs) could lead to
improved DPAL beam quality. This effect depends on the composition of
the buffer gas in the cell. We report here on verifying this
counterintuitive finding by careful measurements of the beam quality
factor

M
2

in static Cs DPALs with different
compositions of the buffer gases.
Distributed multimode fiber Φ-OTDR sensor using a high-speed camera
Authors: Murray Matthew J. , Redding Brandon
Published: December 2020

While the vast majority of Φ-OTDR sensors use single mode fiber, multimode fiber is also widely deployed by the telecom industry. From a sensor design perspective, multimode fiber also offers advantages compared with single mode fiber, such as higher nonlinear thresholds and immunity to interference fading. However, most attempts to perform distributed strain sensing in a multimode fiber rely on interrogation systems designed for single mode fiber. As a result, these systems discard most of the backscattered light by coupling the multimode fiber under test to a single mode fiber based receiver. In this work, we present a technique that combines a high-speed camera with a time-gated local oscillator to construct a distributed multimode fiber sensor capable of using the entire backscattered speckle field. We demonstrate quantitative, fully distributed strain sensing across a 2 km multimode fiber with a spatial resolution of 20 m, a bandwidth of 400 Hz, and a noise floor of −61 dB re rad2/Hz (4.9 pε/√Hz). The same system can be electronically reconfigured to probe any single sensor position with a bandwidth of up to 20 kHz and a noise floor of −86 dB re rad2/Hz (0.27 pε/√Hz).
Neurological outcome after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery (NOMICS): An observational prospective cohort study
Authors: Stessel Björn , Nijs Kristof , Pelckmans Caroline , Vandenbrande Jeroen , Ory Jean-Paul , Yilmaz Alaaddin , Starinieri Pascal , Van Tornout Michiel , De Klippel Nina , Dendale Paul
Published: December 2020

Background/Objectives

Endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG) is a minimally invasive CABG procedure with retrograde arterial perfusion. The main objective of this study is to assess neurocognitive outcome after Endo-CABG.

Methods/Design

In this prospective observational cohort study, patients were categorised into: Endo-CABG (n = 60), a comparative Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) group (n = 60) and a healthy volunteer group (n = 60). A clinical neurological examination was performed both pre- and postoperatively, delirium was assessed postoperatively. A battery of 6 neurocognitive tests, Quality of life (QoL) and the level of depressive feelings were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Patient Satisfaction after Endo-CABG was assessed at 3-month follow-up. Primary endpoints were incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), stroke and delirium after Endo-CABG. Secondary endpoints were QOL, patient satisfaction and the incidence of depressive feelings after Endo-CABG.

Results

In total, 1 patient after Endo-CABG (1.72%) and 1 patient after PCI (1.67%) suffered from stroke during the 3-month follow-up. POCD in a patient is defined as a Reliable Change Index ≤-1.645 or Z-score ≤-1.645 in at least two tests, and was found in respectively 5 and 6 patients 3 months after Endo-CABG and PCI. Total incidence of POCD/stroke was not different (PCI: n= 7 [15.9%]; Endo-CABG: n= 6 [13.0%], p = 0.732). ICU delirium after Endo-CABG was found in 5 (8.6%) patients. QoL increased significantly three months after Endo-CABG and was comparable with QoL level after PCI and in the control group. Patient satisfaction after Endo-CABG and PCI was comparable. At follow-up, the level of depressive feelings was decreased in all groups.

Conclusions

The incidence of poor neurocognitive outcome, including stroke, POCD and postoperative ICU delirium until three months after Endo-CABG is low and comparable with PCI.

Trial registration

Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02979782)
Random regression for modeling yield genetic trajectories in Jatropha curcas breeding
Authors: Peixoto Marco Antônio , Alves Rodrigo Silva , Coelho Igor Ferreira , Evangelista Jeniffer Santana Pinto Coelho , de Resende Marcos Deon Vilela , Rocha João Romero do Amaral Santos de Carvalho , e Silva Fabyano Fonseca , Laviola Bruno Gâlveas , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: December 2020

Random regression models (RRM) are a powerful tool to evaluate genotypic plasticity over time. However, to date, RRM remains unexplored for the analysis of repeated measures inJatropha curcasbreeding. Thus, the present work aimed to apply the random regression technique and study its possibilities for the analysis of repeated measures inJatropha curcasbreeding. To this end, the grain yield (GY) trait of 730 individuals of 73 half-sib families was evaluated over six years. Variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, genetic values were predicted by best linear unbiased prediction and RRM were fitted through Legendre polynomials. The best RRM was selected by Bayesian information criterion. According to the likelihood ratio test, there was genetic variability among theJatropha curcasprogenies; also, the plot and permanent environmental effects were statistically significant. The variance components and heritability estimates increased over time. Non-uniform trajectories were estimated for each progeny throughout the measures, and the area under the trajectories distinguished the progenies with higher performance. High accuracies were found for GY in all harvests, which indicates the high reliability of the results. Moderate to strong genetic correlation was observed across pairs of harvests. The genetic trajectories indicated the existence of genotype × measurement interaction, once the trajectories crossed, which implies a different ranking in each year. Our results suggest that RRM can be efficiently applied for genetic selection inJatropha curcasbreeding programs.
Evaluation of community based surveillance in the Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, 2019
Authors: Van Boetzelaer Elburg , Chowdhury Samiur , Etsay Berhe , Faruque Abu , Lenglet Annick , Kuehne Anna , Carrion-Martin Isidro , Keating Patrick , Dada Martins , Vyncke Jorieke , Sonne Kazungu Donald , Verdecchia Maria
Published: December 2020

Background

Following an influx of an estimated 742,000 Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) established an active indicator-based Community Based Surveillance (CBS) in 13 sub-camps in Cox’s Bazar in August 2017. Its objective was to detect epidemic prone diseases early for rapid response. We describe the surveillance, alert and response in place from epidemiological week 20 (12 May 2019) until 44 (2 November 2019).

Methods

Suspected cases were identified through passive health facility surveillance and active indicator-based CBS. CBS-teams conducted active case finding for suspected cases of acute watery diarrhea (AWD), acute jaundice syndrome (AJS), acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), dengue, diphtheria, measles and meningitis. We evaluate the following surveillance system attributes: usefulness, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), timeliness, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, representativeness and stability.

Results

Between epidemiological weeks 20 and 44, an average of 97,340 households were included in the CBS per surveillance cycle. Household coverage reached over 85%. Twenty-one RDT positive cholera cases and two clusters of AWD were identified by the CBS and health facility surveillance that triggered the response mechanism within 12 hours. The PPV of the CBS varied per disease between 41.7%-100%. The CBS required 354 full-time staff in 10 different roles. The CBS was sufficiently flexible to integrate dengue surveillance. The CBS was representative of the population in the catchment area due to its exhaustive character and high household coverage. All households consented to CBS participation, showing acceptability.

Discussion

The CBS allowed for timely response but was resource intensive. Disease trends identified by the health facility surveillance and suspected diseases trends identified by CBS were similar, which might indicate limited additional value of the CBS in a dense and stable setting such as Cox’s Bazar. Instead, a passive community-event-based surveillance mechanism combined with health facility-based surveillance could be more appropriate.