bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A declaração MINOM Rio 2013 – tratado “sustentável” e “pró-vocativo” no início do século XXI
Authors: Ramos de Oliveira Delambre
Published: October 2019

This paper discusses some aspects of the Declaration MINOM Rio 2013. The text shows the importance of this Declaration in the context of the early twenty-first century. The practical proposal of the document allows its use in other areas of knowledge and other segments of society. Therefore, the article presents two virtues of the Declaration: the questioning of established hierarchies and the presence of a hermeneutics of transdisciplinarity. Finally, the article concludes with the questions about the survival of these new movements of the community. Therefore proposes the methodology of Negócios Sócio-Sustentáveis WTS.

Keywords: Declaration MINOM Rio 2013, Hierarchies, Transdisciplinarity and Negócios Sócio-Sustentáveis WTS.
Museus-casas: um olhar fenomenológico.
Authors: Câmara Ana
Published: October 2019

The goal of this paper is to prepare a phenomenological research, with a view to the spatiality of “historic house museums”. This character is revealed through the consideration that any object has a multitude of meanings that only if limited at the moment that it enters into this relationship. Our starting point is the duplication of the object "historic house museums”: as an object to the inhabitant of the house and its constructions of meaning; and as an object facing the look and visitor expectation of the house, one who scrutinizes the shifting and intangible border that separates and unites time, space and significances woven by home-resident-visitor relationship.
It is known that it is impossible to reconstruct with absolute and unquestioned loyalty the "aura" of the house of former times. The absence of residents and the spatio-temporal displacement are some of the factors that prevent a direct look at the house per se. What differentiates the "historic house museums”of other museums and stimulates the visitor, a peculiar receptivity, namely the curiosity to know, although displaced from their space-time and move themselves, the secret spaces of a historical character. Unlike the elements revealed by the inhabitant of the house, which belong to the scope of the public and exposed, we have with the "historic house museums”, the opportunity to access the intimate universe of the inhabitant, recreating the data, re-coloring environments. In this regard, the house open to visitors is revealed as favorable platform to a aestheticize that makes objects expressions, as does the visitor active artist intimate space.

Keywords: Phenomenology, intimate space, "historic house museums”, Aesthetics
المتعلم وقواعد اللغة العربية: دراسة وصفية في المستوى النحوي
Authors: عبد العالي محمد المهدي
Published: October 2019

الحمد لله الذي أقسم بالقلم، والصلاة والسلام على من أُوتي جوامع الكلم، وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين، ومن تبع هديه إلى يوم الدين. وبعد: فهذا البحث يتحدث عما يواجهه تلاميذنا وطلابنا من ضعف في فهم قواعد اللغة العربية (النحو)، وخاصة في المجال التطبيقي للغة، كما يشير إلى مدى ضعفهم في إيجاد الجانب الكمالي الجمالي لها، وسلامتها ضمن الموضوعية التي تحفظ هذا الجمال والوضوح والأسباب التي أدت إلى عدم استخدامها الاستخدام الملائم، وبيّنا أسبابَ الضعف عند المتعلم والعوامل التي من شأنها أن تسهم في حل المشكلة، كما وضّحنا مظاهرَ هذا الضعف، ومنها. استعداد الطالب، والمدرس، والمنهج، والاختبارات، وحاولنا أن نضع بعض الحلول لهذه المشاكل، وذلك مما وقَفْنا عليه من مصادر، ومن ممارستنا لهذه المهنة الشريفة. وأثناء معايشتنا اليومية طيلة هذه السنين، الأمر الذي شجعنا على إنجاز هذا العمل المتواضــــع. والله - سبحانه - هو المسؤول أن ينفع بــه.
A Long-term Photometric Variability and Spectroscopic Study of Luminous Blue Variable AF And in M31
Authors: Joshi Yogesh C. , Sharma Kaushal , Gangopadhyay Anjasha , Gokhale Rishikesh , Misra Kuntal
Published: October 2019

We present a photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the Hubble–Sandage variable star AF And in M31. The data have been taken under the Nainital Microlensing Survey during 1998–2002, and follow-up observations were carried out until 2011. During this period, photometric observations in Cousins R and I bands were obtained for 169 nights spanning about 5000 days. AF And showed a prominent outburst around 1999 mid-January, followed by a gradual decrease in brightness of about 1.5 mag in the next 3 yr with a declining rate of ∼0.0015 mag day−1, leading to a quiescent phase at the end of 2001. After lying low for about 9 yr, AF And again went through a secondary outburst phase in late 2010 with an amplitude of 0.44 mag, where it lasted for one year before fading back to its quiescent phase. Spectroscopic observations of AF And show prominent Balmer and He i emission lines along with the comparatively weaker Fe ii and [Fe ii] emissions. Asymmetric emission line profiles in its spectrum imply a mass-loss rate of about 2.2 × 10−4
M
⊙ yr−1 through the stellar winds in the photosphere. Using spectral energy distribution fitting, we find a photospheric temperature of 33,000 ± 3000 K during the visual minimum. Using a weak P Cygni profile of the He i emission line, the wind terminal velocity for AF And is found to be around 280–300 km s−1.
Precise Radial Velocities of Cool Low-mass Stars with iSHELL
Authors: Cale Bryson , Plavchan Peter , LeBrun Danny , Gagné Jonathan , Gao Peter , Tanner Angelle , Beichman Charles , Xuesong Wang Sharon , Gaidos Eric , Teske Johanna , Ciardi David , Vasisht Gautam , Kane Stephen R. , Braun Kaspar von
Published: October 2019

The coolest dwarf stars are intrinsically faint at visible wavelengths and exhibit rotationally modulated stellar activity from spots and plages. It is advantageous to observe these stars at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (1–2.5 μm) where they emit the bulk of their bolometric luminosity and are most quiescent. In this work, we describe our methodology and results in obtaining precise radial velocity (RV) measurements of low-mass stars using K-band spectra taken with the R ∼ 80,000 iSHELL spectrograph and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility using a methane isotopologue gas cell in the calibration unit. Our novel analysis pipeline extracts RVs by minimizing the rms of the residuals between the observed spectrum and a forward model. The model accounts for the gas cell, tellurics, blaze function, multiple sources of quasi-sinusoidal fringing, and line spread function of the spectrograph. The stellar template is derived iteratively using the target observations themselves through averaging barycenter-shifted residuals. We have demonstrated 5 m s−1 precision over one-year timescales for the M4 dwarf Barnard’s Star and K dwarf 61 Cygni A, and 3 m s−1 over a month for the M2 dwarf GJ 15 A. This work demonstrates the potential for iSHELL to determine dynamical masses for candidate exoplanets discovered with the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission, and to search for exoplanets orbiting moderately active and/or young K & M dwarfs.
WISE J072003.20-084651.2B is a Massive T Dwarf∗
†
Authors: Dupuy Trent J. , Liu Michael C. , Best William M. J. , Mann Andrew W. , Tucker Michael A. , Zhang Zhoujian , Baraffe Isabelle , Chabrier Gilles , Forveille Thierry , Metchev Stanimir A. , Tremblin Pascal , Do Aaron , Payne Anna V. , Shappee B. J. , Bond Charlotte Z. , Cetre Sylvain , Chun Mark , Delorme Jacques-Robert , Jovanovic Nemanja , Lilley Scott , Mawet Dimitri , Ragland Sam , Wetherell Ed , Wizinowich Peter
Published: October 2019

We present individual dynamical masses for the nearby M9.5+T5.5 binary WISE J072003.20−084651.2AB, a.k.a. Scholz’s star. Combining high-precision Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope/WIRCam photocenter astrometry and Keck adaptive optics resolved imaging, we measure the first high-quality parallactic distance (

pc) and orbit (

yr period) for this system composed of a low-mass star and brown dwarf. We find a moderately eccentric orbit (

), incompatible with previous work based on less data, and dynamical masses of 99 ± 6

and 66 ± 4

for the two components. The primary mass is marginally inconsistent (2.1σ) with the empirical mass–magnitude–metallicity relation and models of main-sequence stars. The relatively high mass of the cold (

K) brown dwarf companion indicates an age older than a few gigayears, in accord with age estimates for the primary star, and is consistent with our recent estimate of ≈70

for the stellar/substellar boundary among the field population. Our improved parallax and proper motion, as well as an orbit-corrected system velocity, improve the accuracy of the system’s close encounter with the solar system by an order of magnitude. WISE J0720−0846AB passed within 68.7 ± 2.0 kau of the Sun 80.5 ± 0.7 kyr ago, passing through the outer Oort cloud where comets can have stable orbits.
X-Ray Fluorescence from Super-Eddington Accreting Black Holes
Authors: Thomsen Lars Lund , Dai Jane Lixin , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico , Kara Erin , Reynolds Chris
Published: October 2019

X-ray reverberation has proven to be a powerful tool capable of probing the innermost region of accretion disks around compact objects. Current theoretical effort generally assumes that the disk is geometrically thin, optically thick, and orbiting with Keplerian speed. Thus, these models cannot be applied to systems where super-Eddington accretion happens because the thin disk approximation fails in this accretion regime. Furthermore, state-of-the-art numerical simulations show that optically thick winds are launched from the super-Eddington accretion disks, thereby changing the reflection geometry significantly from the thin disk picture. We carry out theoretical investigations on this topic by focusing on the Fe Kα fluorescent lines produced from super-Eddington disks, and show that their line profiles are shaped by the funnel geometry and wind acceleration. We also systematically compare the Fe line profiles from super-Eddington thick disks to those from thin disks, and find that the former are substantially more blueshifted and symmetric in shape. These results are consistent with the observed Fe Kα line from the jetted tidal disruption event, Swift J1644, in which a transient super-Eddington accretion disk was formed out of stellar debris. Therefore, careful analysis of the Fe Kα line profile can be used to identify systems undergoing super-Eddington accretion.
D’une assimilation à l’autre : la transition des politiques éducatives japonaises à celles de la République de Chine à Taïwan dans l’après-guerre
Authors: Stolojan-filipesco Vladimir
Published: October 2019

La modernité de Taïwan a été marquée dans l’après-guerre par la collusion de deux expériences historiques très différentes. Cédée par l’empire Qing au Japon en 1895, l’île de Taïwan a connu une stabilité qui tranche avec les troubles traversant la fin de l’ère impériale et les premières décennies de la République de Chine. Période charnière dans l’histoire insulaire, la colonisation japonaise associe forte croissance économique, profonds changements sociaux et discrimination du colonisé Taïwanais malgré un discours assimilateur aux accents pan-asiatiques. Les politiques éducatives sont une bonne illustration de cette contradiction entre l’objectif revendiqué par les colonisateurs (faire, à terme, de Taïwan une province à part entière de l’empire japonais) et la réalité insulaire (le maintien d’une distinction stricte entre Japonais et Taïwanais, au détriment de ces derniers). En effet, même après le passage de décrets promouvant une mixité scolaire, l’enseignement dispensé aux Taïwanais reste de qualité inférieure à celui destiné aux jeunes résidents japonais. Malgré la défaite du Japon et le rattachement de Taïwan à la République de Chine en 1945, les Taïwanais ne sont toujours pas considérés par leurs nouvelles autorités de tutelle comme des citoyens à part entière. Pour le KMT, les Taïwanais ont été trop marqués par l’occupation japonaise et il convient de les « re-siniser » avant qu’ils puissent accéder aux mêmes droits que les Chinois des autres provinces de la république. Différentes politiques assimilationnistes sont menées, qui se traduisent à nouveau par une discrimination des Taïwanais au profit, cette fois, des Chinois et des Taïwanais alors résidant en Chine continentale et venus sur l’île avec le nouveau régime. Au niveau scolaire, plutôt que la mise en place de mesures reconnaissant formellement une distinction entre Taïwanais et Chinois, le gouvernement s’inspire d’initiatives qu’il avait prises en Chine dans les années 1930 pour renforcer son emprise sur les écoles et campus. Cette politisation de l’enseignement public atteint son paroxysme après la retraite de 1949. L’anticommunisme est intégré à différentes matières, tandis que le régime met sur pied des associations pour l’encadrement politique de la jeunesse. Cette extrême politisation de l’éducation est une caractéristique fondamentale de la société taïwanaise des années 1950.
Miyuan, (re)imaginings of the Japanese legacy, and the making of postcolonial discourse in 1990s Taiwan
Authors: Jortay Coraline
Published: October 2019

Cet article analyse la réception dans les journaux et les magazines littéraires du roman Miyuan (Le jardin des égarements) publié par Li Ang en 1991, et ses convergences avec les débuts de la localisation des théories postcoloniales à Taiwan. En effet, si Miyuan est généralement considéré comme une œuvre-clef de la littérature dite « du 28 février », notre analyse tend à montrer que la phase initiale de réception dans la presse périodique ne s’est pas tant intéressée au roman dans son rapport aux événements du 28 février ni à la Terreur blanche, mais plutôt aux (ré)imaginations de l’héritage colonial japonais, ainsi qu’aux continuités et discontinuités ayant résulté de la transition entre le régime japonais et celui du Kuomintang dans des domaines aussi variés que le système scolaire, les questions d’ethnicité, les discriminations, les langues ou encore le jardinage. Ces débats furent parmi les premiers à surimposer dans une même grille de lecture une œuvre littéraire locale, les premières traductions des théories postcoloniales en chinois et le contexte de leur introduction sur la scène littéraire taïwanaise. En ce sens, elles préfigurent le plus large « débat de 1992 » auquel on fait généralement remonter le début des débats postcoloniaux à Taiwan, et contribuent à délimiter les rapports entre discours littéraire et travail de mémoire dans les années quatre-vingt-dix.
« In the mood for technology ? »
Authors: Benghozi Pierre-Jean , Salvador Elisa , Simon Jean-Paul
Published: October 2019

Le développement du numérique s’est accompagné, dans les industries culturelles, comme dans tous les autres secteurs, de transformations profondes. Le plus souvent, cette révolution est présentée comme celle des modes de consommation (dé-linéarisation et dématérialisation), des formes de monétisation (gratuité, abonnement) et des chaînes de valeur. Mais il s’agit aussi d’une révolution de l’organisation du secteur où les vecteurs des transformations ne se réduisent pas aux nouvelles plateformes de l’internet mais sont aussi des nouveaux intermédiaires techniques qui s’insèrent à tous les niveaux de la chaîne de valeur grâce à des investissements, des équipements et des compétences inédites dans le monde du cinéma qui s’opèrent aussi bien au niveau de la production, de la post-production ou de la distribution. L’article s’appuie sur plusieurs cas emblématiques au plan mondial (Weta Digital, DreamWorks, Ymagis, Bollywood et UFO Moviez) qui montrent comment les nouvelles formes d’intervention portées par la technologie remettent concrètement en cause les modes de fonctionnement profonds des filières culturelles tout autant que leurs contours.
La médiation générique des contenus cinématographiques sur les plateformes de vidéo à la demande
Authors: Delaporte Chloé
Published: October 2019

À partir de l’analyse des interfaces d’un échantillon de plateformes de vidéo à la demande francophones et d’entretiens avec des professionnels de la diffusion, cet article examine l’influence de la transition numérique sur la médiation générique des contenus cinématographiques. La première partie permet d’identifier les acteurs socio-économiques du marché français de la vidéo à la demande et d’en souligner l’hétérogénéité. La deuxième est consacrée à l’analyse de la présentation de l’offre de films sur les plateformes, grâce à une grille de codage des menus d’accès aux catalogues. La troisième se concentre sur deux zones de tension d’un marché qui apparaît polarisé : le recours aux métadonnées descriptives et la gestion algorithmique de la recommandation.
Les recompositions des normes d’emploi public
Authors: Peyrin Aurélie
Published: October 2019

Cet article décrit la genèse d’un système dual d’emploi public articulant, en France, deux modes de régulation distincts : un premier régime d’emploi, statutaire, organise les recrutements et carrières des fonctionnaires titulaires ; un deuxième régime d’emploi, contractuel, concerne les agents recrutés hors statut, par le biais de contrats de droit public (CDD ou CDI). Si les emplois précaires ne sont pas une nouveauté dans la fonction publique, la récente et rapide normalisation de l’usage du contrat au sein de l’État contribue à remettre en cause la norme d’emploi statutaire.
Quand la distinction se met au vert
Authors: Grossetête Matthieu
Published: October 2019

À partir d’une enquête par entretiens, cet article vise à appréhender les aspects pratiques et symboliques de la conversion écologique des modes de vie en postulant qu’elle donne lieu à des pratiques sociales animées par un souci de distinction. Il montre que les ressources culturelles modulent, de façon variable selon leur mode d’acquisition et leur articulation avec les trajectoires sociales, l’effet du capital économique sur la sensibilité écologique.
Système fiscal de paiement complémentaire : un dispositif pour renverser l’hégémonie
Authors: Coutrot Thomas , Théret Bruno
Published: October 2019

La crise de l’euro ne fait que rendre plus urgente la nécessité d’un nouveau projet européen, solidaire et écologique. Une sortie sèche de l’euro revendiquée par un gouvernement de gauche tuerait dans l’œuf cette perspective. La création d’un système fiscal de paiement complémentaire – ou plus exactement de bons de paiement fiscal – sur le plan national peut permettre à un ou des pays pionniers de montrer aux peuples d’Europe une nouvelle direction et de gagner le temps nécessaire à une confrontation politique victorieuse conduisant aux changements des institutions européennes nécessaires à leur pérennité.
Dans le champ de la formation professionnelle, quel partage de responsabilités pour aujourd’hui ?
Authors: Boutinet Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2019

Au regard des différentes contributions qui précèdent constituant ce numéro 50 de la revue Savoirs, nous nous proposons dans ce qui suit d’examiner la pertinence de la dernière loi française sur la formation professionnelle continue promulguée en septembre 2018, sous l’angle de l’autonomie et de la responsabilité des acteurs qui y sont impliqués. Ce faisant, nous chercherons à identifier 7 grandes figures de la responsabilité qui d’une façon ou d’une autre accompagnent chacune à sa manière, sur un mode individuel ou sur un mode collectif, le salarié ou le demandeur d’emploi dans le choix de son avenir professionnel par le biais de la formation, et ce dans le cadre du Compte personnel de formation institué par les lois de 2014 et de 2018.
Probiotics exert reciprocal effects on autophagy and interleukin-1β expression in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells via autophagy-related 16L1 protein
Authors: Lai W.-T. , Huang F.-C.
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to examine how probiotics affect autophagy and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in Salmonella-infected intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The original Caco-2 cells and ATG16L1 siRNA-transfected Caco-2 cells were pretreated or left untreated with probiotics, including Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG; ATCC 53103) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL; ATCC15697), and these cells were infected with wild-type Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium strain, SL1344). Western blot analysis was used to detect the conversion of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3)-I to LC3-II. Immunofluorescence was used to analyse LC3+ autophagosomes. Membrane proteins were analysed by western blot for protein (ATG16L1, NOD2), and total RNA by RT-PCR for mRNA expression [ATG16L1, vitamin D receptor (VDR)]. We demonstrated that probiotics enhanced both VDR mRNA, and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and autophagy-related protein 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) protein expression. The enhanced expression resulted in autophagic LC3-II protein expression and formation of LC3 punctae in Salmonella-infected Caco-2 cells. It was observed that ATG16L1 siRNA could attenuate this mechanism, and ATG16L1-mediated IL-1β expression was suppressed by probiotics. These results suggest that probiotics enhance autophagy and also suppress inflammatory IL-1β expression in Salmonella-infected IECs via membrane ATG16L1 protein expression. Probiotics may enhance autophagic clearance of Salmonella infection and modulate inflammatory responses to protect the hosts. Hence, we can assume that probiotics could treat infectious and autoimmune diseases through mechanisms involving ATG16L1.
Dispositional Differences in Critical Thinking Related to Gender and Academic Major
Authors: Walsh Catherine M , Hardy Robert C
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Dispositional differences among several university majors and across gender were examined in this exploratory study, using Facione's California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory. Participants were 334 baccalaureate undergraduates (121 males, 213 females) enrolled in majors classified as practice disciplines (i.e., nursing, education, business) and nonpractice disciplines (i.e., English, history, psychology). A MANCOVA with grade point average as a covariate was conducted for majors, indicating significant main effects for major. Highest scores generally were found in English, psychology, and nursing. When majors were grouped into practice and nonpractice disciplines, nonpractice had generally higher disposition scores, and female scores in both practice and nonpractice disciplines were higher than males on Open-Mindedness and Maturity.
Macular Thickness Measurements in Normal Eyes Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Gregori Giovanni , Knighton Robert W. , Puliafito Carmen A. , Legarreta John E. , Punjabi Omar S. , Lalwani Geeta A.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Knowledge of the macular thickness in a normal population is important for the evaluation of pathological macular change. The purpose of this study was to define and measure macular thickness in normal eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty eyes from 50 normal subjects (29 men and 21 women, aged 22 to 68 years) were scanned with a prototype Cirrus HD-OCT system (5 µm axial resolution) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.). The proprietary Cirrus segmentation algorithm was used to produce retinal thickness maps, which were then averaged over 9 regions defined by a circular target centered at the true fovea location. The macular thickness of 13 subjects scanned with both HD-OCT and StratusOCT were compared.

RESULTS: After centering the fovea, the mean and standard deviation values for retinal thickness measurements were calculated point wise and averaged on standard regions. For patients scanned with both systems, the thickness measurements from HD-OCT were approximately 50 µm larger than those from StratusOCT. The difference between the two measurements decreased somewhat with eccentricity.

CONCLUSION: Using HD-OCT, it is possible to acquire retinal data sets containing an unprecedented number of data points. Furthermore, it is possible to use OCT fundus images to evaluate the scan quality and to center the measurement at the fovea. These advantages, together with good automated segmentation, can produce more accurate retinal thickness measurements. Incorporation of the photoreceptor layer in the measurements is anatomically meaningful and may be significant in evaluating various retinal pathologies and visual acuity outcomes.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2008;39:S43-S49.]
Arqueología y restauración del cementerio medieval de San Juan del Hospital (Valencia)
Authors: López González Concepción , García Valldecabres Jorge
Published: October 2019

El cementerio medieval de San Juan del Hospital de Valencia comienza a funcionar a mediados del siglo XIII tras la conquista de la ciudad en 1238. Es una de las primeras áreas cementeriales que se construyen siguiendo la tipología de cementerio murado con arcosolios perimetrales y capilla funeraria central sobre túmulo. Las campañas arqueológicas realizadas entre 1997 y 2014 han desvelado múltiples vestigios que han contribuido a conocer la historia del conjunto cementerial. La catalogación de las piezas de piedra halladas, basada en el análisis geométrico y metrológico partiendo de un riguroso levantamiento de planos, ha permitido llevar a cabo la anastilosis de dos arcosolios adosados a la iglesia, la reparación de los arcosolios de la panda sur y la restitución de piezas faltantes en la capilla funeraria.
Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Ashikuzzaman Md. , Howlader Md. Hasan
Published: October 2019

Solid waste management is a grave concern for Bangladesh as by 2025 waste generation per capita will be 0.75 kg/capita/day and total amount of waste will reach 21.07 million tons per year. This chapter attempts to uncover the facts regarding waste management along with the policies and regulations existing in Bangladesh by reviewing published secondary documents. The chapter also contains emerging issues of agricultural, industrial, hazardous, construction, and electronic generation and 3R practices in Bangladesh. Legal instruments for waste management in Bangladesh are also examined. It has been found that enforcing authorities lack the capacity to implement their strategies regarding 3R practices for waste management. Case studies about community-based approach, waste recycling sector, and medical waste management have been exemplified in this chapter. Finally, the authors apprised the issues and challenges of sustainable solid waste management practices and proposed the way forward for Bangladesh to have sustainable solid waste management.
Solid Waste Management in Cambodia
Authors: Yagasa Ran , Uch Rithy , Sam Phalla
Published: October 2019

Driven by economic development, population growth, change in life style, and consumption patterns, Cambodia is faced with equally rapid increase of solid waste, with MSW disposal amount attaining 1,709,379 tons/year in 2018. Various policy instruments and legislations have been developed over the years in response to this long-existing crisis, which effectively translated into tangible improvements on the ground. But municipalities continue to suffer from weak waste management system including collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal. Resource recovery almost entirely depends on informal sector while efforts for reduce and reuse are still weak, while presenting vast opportunity if effective policies are employed and implemented. The ongoing governance reform involving functional decentralization of waste management service is being implemented although at a slow pace.
Existing Realities and Sustainable Pathways for Solid Waste Management in Ghana
Authors: Oduro-Appiah Kwaku , Scheinberg Anne , Miezah Kodwo , Mensah Anthony , de Vries Nanne K.
Published: October 2019

The demands of the circular economy and the sustainable development goals call for a critical appraisal of the solid waste management systems of developing economies to divert decision-making towards the development of sustainable strategies and support systems for purposes of modernization. This chapter uses a combination of literature review, network queries to key experts within municipalities, and the authors' experiences and outputs of an ongoing collaborative research to evaluate and present the realities of solid waste management and recycling in Ghana. The goal is to chart a locally appropriate and sustainable pathway to drive system improvement. The analysis and evidence suggest that structural and coordinated cooperation between researchers of higher educational and research institutions and municipal authorities creates an enabling platform to build human resource capacities, to bridge data gaps, to identify what works, and to drive decision-makers' commitment towards the development of realistic action plans and continuous policy strategies.
Challenges of Waste Management in a Developing Context
Authors: El-Fadel Mutasem , Maalouf Amani
Published: October 2019

Over the past years, several efforts were undertaken in an attempt to improve solid waste management in Lebanon. However, with the lack of a well-established national plan and defined policies and legislation, all attempts achieved little or no progress. Several challenges continue to hinder the sector's successful development at various levels: politically, legally and institutionally, socially, land use, and last but not least, technically. This chapter provides an overview of waste management practices in Lebanon such as waste generation, waste composition, current status of waste management practices, policy, and legislation, while highlighting the main challenges for implementing an integrated solid waste management towards a sustainable system.
Waste Management in the Philippines
Authors: Atienza Vella
Published: October 2019

In response to the growing problems on waste management in the country, the Philippines' Republic Act 9003 (RA 9003), also known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, was enacted in January 26, 2001. This chapter hopes to provide the brief background of the country particularly on the issues related to waste management such as population, economic situation, urbanization, and modernization, among others. It will also discuss the definition, classification, and generation of waste both in urban and rural areas. In addition, it will also review the existing policies and the current waste management practices, and the lessons learned based on case studies of both successful and failed experiences. Furthermore, this will also provide the latest updates on the compliance of the local government units to RA 9003, identify the challenges, opportunities, and the proposed recommendations on how the waste management in the country can possibly be improved and become more sustainable.
Expanding Bloom's Two-Sigma Tutoring Theory Using Intelligent Agents
Authors: Hall Jr. Owen P.
Published: October 2019

This article describes how management education is engaged in significant programmatic reforms in response to the business community's call for web-savvy, problem-solving graduates. Web-based intelligent tutors provide a readily accessible vehicle for enhancing business students' learning performance as well as prepare them for the rigors of the global marketplace. A primary goal of these AI-based systems is to approach Bloom's two-sigma learning performance standard. Bloom found that average students tutored one-to-one with mastery learning techniques performed two standard deviations better than students who learned via conventional teaching methods. Intelligent tutors can also be used to identify students at risk, to formulate appropriate intervention plans, and to support team learning. The purpose of this article is to highlight the growing potential for using intelligent tutors to enhance student and team learning opportunities and outcomes and to outline strategies for implementing this revolutionary process throughout the management education community of practice.
Word Sense Based Hindi-Tamil Statistical Machine Translation
Authors: Kumar K. Vimal , Yadav Divakar
Published: October 2019

Corpus based natural language processing has emerged with great success in recent years. It is not only used for languages like English, French, Spanish, and Hindi but also is widely used for languages like Tamil, Telugu etc. This paper focuses to increase the accuracy of machine translation from Hindi to Tamil by considering the word's sense as well as its part-of-speech. This system works on word by word translation from Hindi to Tamil language which makes use of additional information such as the preceding words, the current word's part of speech and the word's sense itself. For such a translation system, the frequency of words occurring in the corpus, the tagging of the input words and the probability of the preceding word of the tagged words are required. Wordnet is used to identify various synonym for the words specified in the source language. Among these words, the one which is more relevant to the word specified in source language is considered for the translation to target language. The introduction of the additional information such as part-of-speech tag, preceding word information and semantic analysis has greatly improved the accuracy of the system.
Improving Collaborative Filtering Algorithms
Authors: Ben Kharrat Firas , Elkhleifi Aymen , Faiz Rim
Published: October 2019

This paper puts forward a new recommendation algorithm based on semantic analysis as well as new measurements. Like Facebook, Social network is considered as one of the most well-prominent Web 2.0 applications and relevant services elaborating into functional ways for sharing opinions. Thereupon, social network web sites have since become valuable data sources for opinion mining. This paper proposes to introduce an external resource a sentiment from comments posted by users in order to anticipate recommendation and also to lessen the cold-start problem. The originality of the suggested approach means that posts are not merely characterized by an opinion score, but receive an opinion grade notion in the post instead. In general, the authors' approach has been implemented with Java and Lenskit framework. The study resulted in two real data sets, namely MovieLens and TripAdvisor, in which the authors have shown positive results. They compared their algorithm to SVD and Slope One algorithms. They have fulfilled an amelioration of 10% in precision and recall along with an improvement of 12% in RMSE and nDCG.
Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment and NPC
Authors: Herpich Fabricio , Nunes Felipe Becker , Voss Gleizer Bierhalz , Medina Roseclea Duarte
Published: October 2019

The use of intelligent agents aware of the individual characteristics and context of students, allow to offer a suitable support to the real requirements. Allied to this, the implementation of these agents in the three-dimensional virtual environments, tend to transcend the existing potential in the interactions with the learning objects it contains and also to expand the alternatives of building the students' knowledge. Throughout this chapter it will be presented the development of intelligent agent called ELAI, by using the NPC strategy on the virtual world platform OpenSimulator. The ELAI provides support for teaching Computer Networking (CN), being sensitive to the context of learners to their level of expertise. In order to maximize the flexibility of interactions between the student, through the student's avatar and the NPC, an interconnection with a chatterbot was established, whose knowledge base was increased by files in AIML inherent to the topic of CN.
Modelling Propagation of Public Opinions on Microblogging Big Data Using Sentiment Analysis and Compartmental Models
Authors: Fang Youjia , Chen Xin , Song Zheng , Wang Tianzi , Cao Yang
Published: October 2019

Compartmental models have been used to model information diffusion on social media. However, there have been few studies on modelling positive and negative public opinions using compartmental models. This study aimed for using sentiment analysis and compartmental model to model the propagation of positive and negative opinions on microblogging big media. The authors studied the news propagation of seven popular social topics on China's Sina Weibo microblogging platform. Natural language processing and sentiment analysis were used to identify public opinions from microblogging big data. Then two existing (SIZ and SEIZ) models and a newly developed (SE2IZ) model were implemented to model the news propagation and evaluate the trends of public opinions on selected social topics. Simulation study was used to check model fitting performance. The results show that the new SE2IZ model has a better model fitting performance than existing models. This study sheds some new light on using social media for public opinion estimation and prediction.
The Internet of Things and Beyond: Rise of the Non-Human Actors
Authors: Tatnall Arthur , Davey Bill
Published: October 2019

In the past, it was rare for non-humans to interact with each other without any involvement by humans, but this is changing. The Internet of Things (IoT) involves connections of physical things to the Internet. It is largely about the relationships between things, or non-humans actors. In other cases the ‘Things' seem to have inordinate power. The authors will ask: where does this leave humans? Are the things taking over? As a consideration of interactions like this must be a socio-technical one, in this article the authors will make use of Actor-Network Theory to frame the discussion. While the original applications for IoT technology were in areas such as supply chain management and logistics, now many more examples can be found ranging from control of home appliances to healthcare. It is expected that the ‘Things' will become active participants in business, information and social processes and that they will communicate among themselves by exchanging data sensed from the environment, while reacting autonomously. The Things will continue to develop identities and virtual personalities. In the past non-human actors have needed humans to interact with each other, but this is not the case anymore. In this perhaps provocative and rather speculative article we will look not just at the Internet of Things, but other related concepts such as artificial intelligence and robotics and make use of scenarios from science fiction to investigate the Rise of the Non-Human Actors and where this may lead in the future.
The Rise of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Niewiadomski Robert , Anderson Dennis
Published: October 2019

Our inventions defined the work we engaged in for centuries; created new industries and employment opportunities around them. They, however, had often unforeseen consequences that affected the way we lived, interacted with each other, and redefined our societal rules. The established narration portrays the impact of major technological leaps in civilization on employment as temporary disruptions: Many finds themselves without employment taken away from them by efficient, laborsaving inventions, but, in the long run, through gradual adaptations, improved education and gaining higher qualifications, everyone benefits. In this chapter, the authors explore the impact of the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) in relations to the labor market. The authors argue that this rather optimistic, even naïve scenario, collapses while confronted with the exponential growth of AI; in particular, with the potential arrival of syneoids – robotic forms of “strong AI” possessing, or even exceeding, the full range of human cognitive abilities.
How Games Improve Language in People With Language Dysfunctions
Authors: Wahlstedt Robert
Published: October 2019

Many people as they age face a greater challenge of muscular dexterity around their facial muscles. This results in difficulty producing certain sounds, and sometimes the problem is so severe that they are unintelligible. People who could benefit from the methods in this chapter are those who are hard of hearing and do not have feedback readily accessible and people with ALS. This chapter describes a method that uses a computer learning algorithm that predicts what people are about to say based on earlier content and learns what the natural sound of their voice sounds like. This chapter illustrates speech trajectory and voice shaping. Clear Audio is a biologically inspired framework for studying natural language. Like the story behind Jurassic Park, Clear Audio attempts to make predictions about data from existing data, inspired by biological processes. Its main goal is to give feedback for speech pathology purposes.
Portuguese Lighthouses
Authors: de Brito Mónica Morais
Published: October 2019

The tourist competitiveness of coastal areas is directly related to their ability to innovate in the different ways of using them and with the creativity that allows them to make a difference in the face of global competition and reduce seasonality. It is in this context that the Portuguese lighthouses and their innumerable potentialities arise, without neglecting their primary function related to the safety of navigation, to become tourist accommodation, taking advantage of its heritage value, its history, and its stories, and its privileged geographical location, or in places of visitation, in the scope of Coastal Tourism and Cultural Tourism. This chapter analyzes Portuguese lighthouses, identifying those with the greatest potential as accommodation units and/or places of visitation. The author proposes strategies, although brief and subject to future development, aiming at the tourist production of these public infrastructures and the diversification of the offer in terms of Coastal Tourism.
Consumer preference and the technological and nutritional quality of different bean colours
Authors: Kläsener Greice Rosana , Ribeiro Nerinéia Dalfollo , Casagrande Cleiton Renato , Arns Fernanda Daltrozo
Published: October 2019

Beans can be found in different grain colours, and for this reason, it is important to understand the technological and nutritional quality of the diverse types of beans that are consumed. The objectives of this work were to identify the traits that determine Brazilian consumer choice of different bean colours and to evaluate whether different bean colours present differences in technological and nutritional traits. For this purpose, beans of different colours (white, cranberry, matte red kidney, shiny red kidney, and black) were obtained from supermarkets. The samples were evaluated for consumer preference and the technological and nutritional traits of the beans. In southern Brazil, the majority of the survey participants (58%) preferred black beans, and their choice was based on consumption habit (66%) and grain colour (30%). Different bean colours presented differences for all traits related to technological and nutritional quality, except for potassium concentration. Consumption habit and grain colour defined consumer choice for black beans. Black beans were preferred by 58% of the participants, and this type of bean has high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper.
Influence of Acid-Treatment on Waste Lignin for Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticle
Authors: Ngamthanacom Nutchaporn , Kaewtrakulchai Napat , Chaiwat Weerawut , Chuenchom Laemthong , Fuji Masayoshi , Eiad-Ua Apiluck
Published: October 2019

Waste lignin (WL) obtained from paper mills, was studied for its potential application in preparing carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) with high porosity. This was done by impregnation of 0, 5, 10 and 20% concentrations of phosphoric acid under various carbonization temperatures (600, 700, 800 and 900°C). The physicochemical properties of CNPs were characterized through nitrogen sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nitrogen sorption revealed that the condition using 10% concentration of phosphoric acid treatment at a carbonization temperature of 700°C formed carbon nanoparticles with a highly porous structure (Surface area 27.65 m2/g and pore volume 0.07 cm3/g). Additionally, in order to high surface area, porosity and concentrated carbon nanoparticle.
The Phase Morphology of Citrogypsum Waste Controlled by a Hydrothermal Process in Ethylene Glycol/Water Solutions
Authors: Sirimahasal Thanakit , Kalhong Yutthana , Simasatitkul Lida , Pranee Siriporn , Durmus Semih , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: October 2019

The acid purification of calcium citrate from citric acid production using sulfuric acid as a reagent resulted in citrogypsum waste. The identification of citrogypsum by XRD technique indicates that the main component consists of CaSO4∙2H2O (DH). Furthermore, the comparison of the colours between citrogypsum and natural gypsum are also different. Hence, this research mainly focused on the phase transformation of DH to α-CaSO4 ∙0.5H2O (α-HH) due to high strength and heat resistant. The preparation of α-HH carry out in different volume ratios of ethylene glycol (EG): water solutions at 95oC for 7 hrs under atmospheric pressure. The FT-IR spectra of DH and α-HH results reveal that the absorption frequencies at 1700 and 1800 cm-1 of –OH group are 0.5 and 1.5 water molecule in CaSO4 respectively. TGA thermograms show the theoretical crystal water content of DH approximately 20.1 wt% and the converted α-HH about 4-5 wt%. DSC thermograms of the citrogypsums show two endothermic peaks regarding to two steps of water molecule loss at 151.2oC and 168.5oC respectively. In addition, the α-HH shows exothermic peak at 238.7oC. The morphology of citrogypsum and α-HH are observed by SEM, showing the plate-like shape of citrogypsum and hexagonal shape of α-HH. Moreover, the products could be applied to several other industries for increasing the value and reducing the environmental concerns.
Preparation and Application of Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Acrylamide) on Scale and Corrosion Inhibition
Authors: Jitreewas Parinya , Tansiri Phanita , Pranee Siriporn , Khemtong Chalermchai , Pungwiwat Narong , Seeyangnok Samitthichai
Published: October 2019

This research is focused on the synthesis and the ability to inhibit scale and corrosion of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (PAA-AM copolymers). A series of polymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization having various weight ratios of acrylic acid (AA) to acrylamide (AM). The structures of the synthesized polymers were characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR. The thermal stability of the polymers was analyzed by a TGA technique. The water solubility of the polymers was examined using a turbidity meter. The scale inhibition performance test was performed by titration of calcium ion with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. After that, the crystal structure of CaCO3 scale from the scale inhibition test was examined using a scanning electron microscope. The efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor on low carbon steel AISI 1018 was investigated by a potentiodynamic polarization technique. The result show that PAA-AM copolymers having a 9:1 weight ratio with 45.82% at 100 ppm inhibited scale forming. The corrosion resistance of all inhibitors could be achieved when the concentration of the inhibitor was lower than 100 ppm.
Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized in Gel and Paper by Electrolysis
Authors: Dechen Pema , Somsook Ekasith
Published: October 2019

In this report, synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from gold leaf by electrolysis in two different media (gel and paper) in presence of sodium chloride (NaCl), glucose (C6H12O6) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) at room temperature were investigated. Graphite was used as two electrodes, NaCl was used as an electrolyte, C6H12O6 was used as reducing agent and PVP was used as stabilizer to control the aggregation of the nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm the characteristics and morphologies of the synthesized AuNPs.