bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Myogenic/Adipogenic Transdifferentiation of Bovine Fibroblasts in a 3D Bioprinting System for Steak‐Type Cultured Meat Production
Authors: Jeong Dayi , Seo Jeong Wook , Lee Hong‐Gu , Jung Woo Kyung , Park Yong Ho , Bae Hojae
Published: October 2022

The interest in cultured meat is increasing because of the problems with conventional livestock industry. Recently, many studies related to cultured meat have been conducted, but producing large‐sized cultured meat remains a challenge. It is aimed to introduce 3D bioprinting for producing large cell aggregates for cultured meat production. A hydrogel scaffold is produced at the centimeter scale using a bioink consisting of photocrosslinkable materials for digital light processing‐based (DLP) printing, which has high printing accuracy and can produce geometrically complex structures. The light exposure time for hydrogel photopolymerization by DLP bioprinting is optimized based on photorheometry and cell viability assays. Naturally immortalized bovine embryonic fibroblast cells transformed withMyoDandPPARγ2instead of primary cells are used as the latter have difficulties in maintaining stemness and are associated with animal ethics issues. The cells are mixed into the hydrogel for printing. Myogenesis and adipogenesis are induced simply by changing the medium after printing. Scaffolds are obtained successfully with living cells and large microchannels. The cooked cultured meat maintains its size and shape upon cutting. The overall dimensions are 3.43 cm × 5.53 cm × 0.96 cm. This study provides proof‐of‐concept for producing 3D cultured meat using bioinks.
Reconfigurable Soft Robots by Building Blocks
Authors: Atia Mohamed G. B. , Mohammad Abdelkhalick , Gameros Andres , Axinte Dragos , Wright Iain
Published: October 2022

Soft robots are of increasing interest as they can cope with challenges that are poorly addressed by conventional rigid‐body robots (e.g., limited flexibility). However, due to their flexible nature, the soft robots can be particularly prone to exploit modular designs for enhancing their reconfigurability, that is, a concept which, to date, has not been explored. Therefore, this paper presents a design of soft building blocks that can be disassembled and reconfigured to build different modular configurations of soft robots such as robotic fingers and continuum robots. First, a numerical model is developed for the constitutive building block allowing to understand their behavior versus design parameters, then a shape optimization algorithm is developed to permit the construction of different types of soft robots based on these soft building blocks. To validate the approach, 2D and 3D case studies of bio‐inspired designs are demonstrated: first, soft fingers are introduced as a case study for grasping complex and delicate objects. Second, an elephant trunk is used for grasping a flower. Third, a walking legged robot. These case studies prove that the proposed modular building approach makes it easier to build and reconfigure different types of soft robots with multiple complex shapes.
All‐Polymer Solar Cells with 17% Efficiency Enabled by the “End‐Capped” Ternary Strategy
Authors: Yue Yuchen , Zheng Bing , Ni Jianling , Yang Wenjie , Huo Lijun , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2022

Recently, all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have received increasing attention and made tremendous progress. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all‐PSCs still lags behind the polymer‐donor‐small‐molecule‐acceptor based organic solar cells, owing to the excessive phase separation with poor miscibility between polymer donor and acceptor. In this research, an “end‐capped” ternary strategy is proposed by introducing PM6TPO as a third component to fabricate highly efficient all‐PSCs. The PM6:PM6TPO:PY‐IT based ternary devices exhibit impressive PCE of 17.0% with enhanced light absorption and optimal morphology, and the introduction of PM6TPO significantly reduces the phase separation. The ternary devices also exhibit improved stability, outstanding tolerance of active layer thickness, and high performance of 1 cm2 unit cells. More importantly, the “end‐capped” ternary strategy enables efficient and facile improvement of all‐PSCs performance without additional selection and complicated synthesis for the third component.
Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 to Methanol in a Post‐Combustion Capture Solvent: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Selective CN Bond Cleavage
Authors: Kothandaraman Jotheeswari , Lopez Johnny Saavedra , Jiang Yuan , Walter Eric D. , Burton Sarah D. , Dagle Robert A. , Heldebrant David J.
Published: October 2022

An efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst is identified for the condensed‐phase hydrogenation of captured CO2 in the presence of an advanced water‐lean post‐combustion capture solvent, (N‐(2‐EthoxyEthyl)‐3‐MorpholinoPropan‐1‐Amine), 2‐EEMPA. The catalysts commonly used for gas‐phase CO2 hydrogenation (e.g., Cu/Zn/Al2O3) cause deactivation of amine promoters via N‐methylation by CO cleavage of formamide intermediates. A heterogeneous catalyst system that suppresses N‐methylation of amine solvents is identified, demonstrating how Pt, supported by reducible metal oxides CeO2 or TiO2, can be selective for CN cleavage to produce methanol. This is the first known demonstration of integrated low‐temperature thermocatalytic capture and conversion of CO2 to methanol in an economically viable CO2 capture solvent. Technoeconomic analyses performed on the state‐of‐technology suggest that methanol can be produced with a minimum selling price of $4.4/gallon ($1,460/metric ton) when using CO2 captured from a 650 MW natural gas combined cycle plant. Ultimately, a road map of how realistic and achievable improvements to space velocity and methanol selectivity of this integrated process can enable near cost parity to fossil‐derived methanol, with a selling price of ≈$1.4/gal ($470/metric ton), is presented.
Genetic and spatial variation in vegetative and floral traits across a hybrid zone
Authors: Campbell Diane R. , Raguso Robert A. , Midzik Maya , Bischoff Mascha , Broadhead Geoffrey T.
Published: October 2022

Premise

Genetic variation influences the potential for evolution to rescue populations from impacts of environmental change. Most studies of genetic variation in fitness‐related traits focus on either vegetative or floral traits, with few on floral scent. How vegetative and floral traits compare in potential for adaptive evolution is poorly understood.

Methods

We measured variation across source populations, planting sites, and genetic families for vegetative and floral traits in a hybrid zone. Seeds from families ofIpomopsis aggregata,I. tenuituba, and F1and F2hybrids of the two species were planted into three common gardens. Measured traits included specific leaf area (SLA), trichomes, water‐use efficiency (WUE), floral morphology, petal color, nectar, and floral volatiles.

Results

Vegetative traits SLA and WUE varied greatly among planting sites, while showing weak or no genetic variation among source populations. Specific leaf area and trichomes responded plastically to snowmelt date, and SLA exhibited within‐population genetic variation. All aspects of floral morphology varied genetically among source populations, and corolla length, corolla width, and sepal width varied genetically within populations. Heritability was not detected for volatiles due to high environmental variation, although one terpene had high evolvability, and high emission of two terpenes, a class of compounds emitted more strongly from the calyx than the corolla, correlated genetically with sepal width. Environmental variation across sites was weak for floral morphology and stronger for volatiles and vegetative traits. The inheritance of three of four volatiles departed from additive.

Conclusions

Results indicate stronger genetic potential for evolutionary responses to selection in floral morphology compared with scent and vegetative traits and suggest potentially adaptive plasticity in some vegetative traits.
Floral orientation affects outcross‐pollen deposition in buzz‐pollinated flowers with bilateral symmetry
Authors: Nevard Lucy , Vallejo‐Marín Mario
Published: October 2022

Premise

Floral orientation is central to plant–pollinator interactions and is commonly associated with floral symmetry. Bilaterally symmetrical flowers are often oriented horizontally for optimal pollinator positioning and pollen transfer efficiency, while the orientation of radially symmetrical flowers is variable. Buzz‐pollinated species (pollinated by vibration‐producing bees) include bilateral, horizontally oriented flowers, and radial, pendant flowers. The effect of floral orientation on pollen transfer has never been tested in buzz‐pollinated species.

Methods

Here, we examined the effect of floral orientation on bumblebee‐mediated pollen deposition in three buzz‐pollinated Solanum species with different floral symmetry and natural orientations: S. lycopersicum and S. seaforthianum (radial, pendant), and S. rostratum (bilateral, horizontal). We tested whether orientation affects total stigmatic pollen deposition (both self and outcross pollen) when all flowers have the same orientation (either pendant or horizontal). In a second experiment, we evaluated whether different orientations of donor and recipient flowers affects the receipt of outcross pollen by S. rostratum.

Results

For the three Solanum species studied, there was no effect of floral orientation on total pollen deposition (both self and outcross) when flowers shared the same orientation. In contrast, in our experiment with S. rostratum, we found that pendant flowers received fewer outcross‐pollen grains when paired with pendant donors.

Conclusions

We suggest that floral orientation influences the quality of pollen transferred, with more outcross pollen transferred to horizontally oriented recipients in the bilaterally symmetrical S. rostratum. Whether other bilaterally symmetrical, buzz‐pollinated flowers also benefit from increased cross‐pollination when presented horizontally remains to be established.
Self‐medication in nonhuman primates: A systematic evaluation of the possible function of the use of medicinal plants
Authors: De la Fuente María Fernanda , Souto Antonio , Albuquerque Ulysses P. , Schiel Nicola
Published: October 2022

Animal self‐medication is thought to provide an adaptive advantage, as species would actively respond to a disease state or homeostatic imbalances. In wild nonhuman primates, it is challenging to differentiate plant use as part of the diet or as medication, especially because self‐medication can be preventive or therapeutic. Here, we aimed to compile the available potential evidence on primate self‐medication modes, investigating which proposed requirements are fulfilled for each plant species reported to date. We systematically reviewed the scientific literature on plant use for potential self‐medication in wild nonhuman primates. To construct the extensive database, we extracted data on the primate species, study area, plant/plant's part used, the requirement(s) met for demonstrating self‐medication modes, and self‐medicative behavioral patterns. We also updated available information on plant's biological compounds and/or physical characteristics, pharmacological properties, and ethnomedical uses. We identified 575 plant species (135 families), used by 25 primate species (9 families). Plants were used by Old World monkeys (46.5%, n = 268 plant species), followed by apes (41%, n = 235), New World monkeys (13.4%, n = 77), and prosimians (1%, n = 6). We found three general types of self‐medicative behaviors: ingestion (including, but not limited to, leaf‐swallowing, seed‐swallowing, and bitter pith chewing), topical (fur‐rubbing), and nest fumigation. Plant uses were associated with antiparasitic, antibacterial, antimalarial, anti‐inflammatory, insect repellent, among other properties. Self‐medication is widespread in nonhuman primate species across Central and South America, Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Long‐term field research efforts and studies integrating different research sites and topics are urgent to advance our knowledge into the evolution of plant selection, medical traditions, and to bring insights into potentially novel medicinal plants and bioactive compounds to treat emergent or established primate and human diseases.
Diet composition and prey choice in prehistoric human individuals from Northwest Patagonia: An application of species distribution and isotope mixing models
Authors: Moscardi Bruno F. , Bernal Valeria , Silva Araújo Marcio , Gordón Florencia , Cobos Virginia A. , Brachetta‐Aporta Natalia , Lee Raymond , Rindel Diego D. , Gonzalez Paula N. , Della Negra Claudia , Perez S. Ivan
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Ancient hunter‐gatherer diets were heterogeneous, varying substantially across time and space, and frequently showing considerable intrapopulation variation. The diet composition of these human groups depended primarily on resource availability, but also on the active selection of certain prey due to different bio‐cultural factors. In this context, we explore resource availability, diet composition, and prey choice in the human populations of the Middle‐Late Holocene from Northwest Patagonia.

Material and Methods

We employ species distribution models using current and zooarchaeological data to estimate species availability throughout Northwest Patagonia, and we use Bayesian stable isotope mixing models on a large number of samples to analyze human diet composition at the individual level during the Middle‐Late Holocene. Finally, we calculate a prey selectivity index to address the different dietary choices of human individuals in the region.

Results

Our results show large differences in species available for consumption throughout the region, as well as a high dietary variation between human individuals, which is mainly related to their spatial location. Some species, such as guanaco, were widely distributed and consumed in the region. Notably, species of small mammals were actively selected in several areas, indicating greater importance in human diets than previously appreciated.

Discussion

Species availability does not appear as the only factor driving human diets in the region, since prey choice seems to have been a recurring phenomenon among these populations. The novel approach used in this study overcomes several limitations of previous studies employing isotopic analysis in prehistoric human diets, allowing new insights into the bioarchaeology of the region.
Near‐Field Plasmons Imaging and Energy Analysis on Bi2Te3 Film
Authors: Yan Qiu‐Chen , Ma Ji‐Kui , Qiao Shuang , Wang Shu‐Fang , Hu Xiao‐Yong , Gong Qi‐Huang
Published: October 2022

Topological materials have great potential in lossless electronic transportation. Bi2Te3 as three‐dimensional (3D) topological insulator is predicted to exhibit many amazing electromagnetic characteristics, which are widely studied all over the world. However, current research available on Bi2Te3 materials is not adequate, and a comprehensive understanding of its properties is necessary. In this work, near‐field plasmon imaging based on Bi2Te3 nanostructures and the kinetic energy spectra of emitted electrons from Bi2Te3 film by using photoemission electron microscope instruments is studied. Under UV laser excitation of 273 nm, the electrons can be excited from the trap states in bandgap, which provides a feasible idea for observing the trap energy levels of Bi2Te3 materials. Moreover, the imaging applications of nanostructures in Bi2Te3 film based on their polarization‐dependence and wavelength‐dependence properties are also demonstrated, providing a more degrees of freedom for imaging, and can realize multidimensional and multi‐multiplexing imaging technology of topological materials. This work provides a novel method to enrich the Bi2Te3 film properties from the view of near‐field plasmon imaging and kinetic energy distribution, paving the way for realizing practical applications of topological materials.
Chronic fracture and osteomyelitis in a large‐bodied ornithomimosaur with implications for the identification of unusual endosteal bone in the fossil record
Authors: Chinzorig Tsogtbaatar , Beguesse Kyla A. , Canoville Aurore , Phillips George , Zanno Lindsay E.
Published: October 2022

Paleopathological diagnoses provide key information on the macroevolutionary origin of disease as well as behavioral and physiological inferences that are inaccessible via direct observation of extinct organisms. Here we describe the external gross morphology and internal architecture of a pathologic right second metatarsal (MMNS VP‐6332) of a large‐bodied ornithomimid (~432 kg) from the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) Eutaw Formation in Mississippi, using a combination of X‐ray computed microtomography (microCT) and petrographic histological analyses. X‐ray microCT imaging and histopathologic features are consistent with multiple complete, oblique to comminuted, minimally displaced mid‐diaphyseal cortical fractures that produce a “butterfly” fragment fracture pattern, and secondary osteomyelitis with a bone fistula formation. We interpret this as evidence of blunt force trauma to the foot that could have resulted from intra‐ or interspecific competition or predator–prey interaction, and probably impaired the function of the metatarsal as a weight‐bearing element until the animal's death. Of particular interest is the apparent decoupling of endosteal and periosteal pathological bone deposition in MMNS VP‐6332, which produces transverse sections exhibiting homogenously thick endosteal pathological bone in the absence of localized periosteal reactive bone. These distribution and depositional patterns are used as criteria for ruling out a pathological origin in favor of a reproductive one for unusual endosteal bone in fossil specimens. On the basis of MMNS VP‐6332, we suggest caution in their use to substantiate a medullary bone identification in extinct archosaurians.
A review of helochelydrid shell material from late Albian to early Cenomanian greensands of Southern England, United Kingdom
Authors: Joyce Walter G.
Published: October 2022

A number of helochelydrid turtle shell remains were recovered over the course of the 19th century from mid‐Cretaceous sediments throughout Southern England, including the poorly figured and described types of Trachydermochelys phlyctaenus from the Cambridge Greensand of Cambridgeshire, Plastremys lata from the Upper Greensand of the Isle of Wight, and “Trachydermochelys” rutteri from the Melbury Sandstone of Dorset. A review of stratigraphic provenience suggests that all material originates from late Late Aptian portions of the Upper Greensand or early Early Cenomanian portions of the West Melbury Marly Chalk Formation, a relatively narrow time window geologically speaking. As described, Trachydermochelys phlyctaenus is a problematic taxon, because the most plausible type series is a chimera that includes two helochelydrid morphotypes in addition to protostegid remains. This conundrum is resolved through the designation of a lectotype. A review of all historic material confirms the presence of three English taxa distinct from Helochelydra danubina, a coeval taxon named from Germany. At least four helochelydrid taxa, therefore, occurred in western Europe during the Early to Late Cretaceous transition.
Involvement ofMethoprene‐tolerantandKrüppel homolog 1in juvenile hormone‐mediated vitellogenesis of femaleLiposcelis entomophila(End.) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)
Authors: Yang Bin‐Bin , Miao Shi‐Yuan , Lu Yu‐Jie , Wang Sui‐Sui , Wang Zheng‐Yan , Zhao Ya‐Ru
Published: October 2022

Methoprene‐tolerant (Met) as an intracellular receptor of juvenile hormone (JH) and theKrüppel‐homolog 1(Kr‐h1) as a JH‐inducible transcription factor had been proved to contribute to insect reproduction. Their functions vary in different insect orders, however, they are not clear in Psocoptera. In this study,LeMetandLeKr‐h1were identified and their roles in vitellogenesis and ovarian development were investigated inLiposcelis entomophila(Enderlein). Treatment with exogenous JH III significantly induced the expression ofLeKr‐h1, LeVg, andLeVgR. Furthermore, silencingLeMetandLeKr‐h1remarkably reduced the transcription ofLeVgandLeVgR, disrupted the production of Vg in fat body and the uptake of Vg by oocytes, and ultimately led to a decline in fecundity. The results indicated that the JH signaling pathway was essential to the reproductive process of this species. Interestingly, knockdown ofLeMetorLeKr‐h1also resulted in fluctuations in the expression ofFoxO, indicating the complex regulatory interactions between different hormone factors. Besides, knockdown of bothLeMetandLeKr‐h1significantly increasedL. entomophilamortality. Our study provides initial insight into the roles of JH signaling in the female reproduction of psocids and provided evidence that RNAi‐mediated knockdown ofMetorKr‐h1is a potential pest control strategy.
Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine scaffold: A review on synthetic approaches and EGFR and VEGFR inhibitory activities
Authors: Kassab Asmaa E.
Published: October 2022

The pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine core has received a lot of interest from the medicinal chemistry community as a promising framework for drug design and discovery. It is an isostere of the adenine ring of adenosine triphosphate, which allows it to mimic kinase active site hinge region binding contacts. This scaffold has a wide pharmacological and biological value, one of which is as an anticancer agent. Many successful anticancer medicines have been designed and synthesized using pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine as a key pharmacophore. The main synthetic routes of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines as well as their recent developments as promising anticancer agents acting as endothelial growth factor receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, published in the time frame from 1999 to 2022, are summarized in this review to set the direction for the design and synthesis of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives for clinical deployment in cancer treatment.
Nanostructured Nickel‐based Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensors
Authors: Akter Riva , Saha Protity , Shah Syed Shaheen , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Aziz Md. Abdul , Ahammad A. J. Saleh
Published: October 2022

Glucose detection is considered a significant area and has remained the topic of considerable attention. Remarkable technological advancements have been observed in diabetes monitoring in the past decades. This continual progress helps to track recent trends in development as well as identify challenging issues in glucose sensor construction. Thus, a comprehensive synopsis of the most recent advancements and developments in the study of nickel (Ni) nanostructure‐based sensors for efficient trace‐level glucose detection, following non‐enzymatic and electrochemical methods, is provided in this review. Moreover, this review is intensively focused on the methodologies for the structure, morphology, preparation, and enforcement of a variety of Ni nanostructures, including Ni nanosheets with metals, Ni nanospheres with metals/mixed metals, Ni‐metal nanocomposites, metal nanoparticles‐decorated Ni nanowires, Ni nanoparticles, Ni‐decorated metal nanotube arrays, Ni nanoneedles and nanorods with metals, nanoporous, nanoplates, nanocoated Ni with metal composites, and Ni‐composed hybrid nanostructures. Various demonstrations and categorizations are provided on Ni‐based nanostructures for a clear understanding for diverse readers.
Atypical brain network development of infants at elevated likelihood for autism spectrum disorder during the first year of life
Authors: Zhang Fen , Moerman Floor , Niu Haijing , Warreyn Petra , Roeyers Herbert
Published: October 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by behavioral features that appear early in life. Although studies have shown that atypical brain functional and structural connectivity are associated with these behavioral traits, the occurrence and initial alterations of brain networks have not been fully investigated. The current study aimed to map early brain network efficiency and information transferring in infants at elevated likelihood (EL) compared to infants at typical likelihood (TL) for ASD in the first year of life. This study used a resting‐state functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) approach to obtain the length and strength of functional connections in the frontal and temporal areas in 45 5‐month‐old and 38 10‐month‐old infants. Modular organization and small‐world properties were detected in both EL and TL infants at 5 and 10 months. In 5‐month‐old EL infants, local and nodal efficiency were significantly greater than age‐matched TL infants, indicating overgrown local connections. Furthermore, we used a support vector machine (SVM) model to classify infants with or without EL based on the obtained global properties of the network, achieving an accuracy of 77.6%. These results suggest that infants with EL for ASD exhibit inefficiencies in the organization of brain networks during the first year of life.
Cognitive flexibility in autism: Evidence from young autistic children
Authors: Andreou Maria , Konstantopoulos Kostas , Peristeri Eleni
Published: October 2022

We examined the cognitive flexibility performance of young autistic children and a group of neurotypical peers. Thirty‐six autistic children (72–83 months) and 200 age‐matched typically‐developing children were assessed on the Children's Color Trails Test (CCTT), a semantic and a phonemic verbal fluency task. The results showed that the autistic children performed worse than their neurotypical peers in the switching component of the CCTT. In the fluency tests, the autistic group generated overall fewer word items than their neurotypical peers, however, their poorer performance was driven by specific linguistic stimuli in the fluency tasks. The findings suggest that cognitive flexibility for the autistic children was affected in the nonverbal CCTT only, while poor performance in semantic and phonemic fluency seemed to be inherent to the language properties of the verbal fluency tasks.
Southern Nevada Eliminating Nonfunctional Grass
Authors: Belanger Andrew M.
Published: October 2022

Key Takeaways

A federal water shortage declaration prompted the Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) to work with state legislators to pass a bill prohibiting irrigation of “nonfunctional turf” in the Las Vegas Valley by the end of 2026.

SNWA formed an advisory panel of community stakeholders to formally define functional and nonfunctional turf and make recommendations for implementing the new law.

The advisory panel submitted a set of recommendations that was unanimously approved by SNWA's board of directors in January 2022.
Path dependence of accountants: Why are they not involved in corporate sustainability?
Authors: Wenzig Julius , Nuzum Anne‐Katrin , Schaltegger Stefan
Published: October 2022

Accounting has been identified as a key area to inform managers seeking to transform businesses towards sustainability. Empirical research, however, shows that management accountants are scarcely involved in sustainability accounting. This paper contributes to understanding their barriers, using path dependence theory as a theoretical framework to empirically investigate how accountants have become “locked in” by self‐reinforcing mechanisms. Based on semistructured interviews with 33 management accountants in Germany, the paper identifies three interrelated self‐reinforcing mechanisms that inhibit accountants from sustainability involvement. A strong focus on financial priorities and incremental improvements driven by top management expectations hinder the consideration of sustainability beyond its direct costs. Specialization is another barrier, as is an understanding of sustainability as peripheral rather than a core business. Contrary to prior literature, accountants express eagerness to learn, though rarely about sustainability. They rarely question assumptions about sustainability and their role, leading to missed opportunities for double‐loop learning and more transformative change.
Economic complexity and environmental degradation: Evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Adewale , Opoku Eric Evans Osei , Acheampong Alex O.
Published: October 2022

We augment the existing knowledge on the role of economic complexity in the environment and sustainable development debate by examining the effect of economic complexity on environmental degradation (measured by ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, N2O emissions and greenhouse gas emissions) contingent on income, using data from 35 OECD countries between 1998 and 2017. With the fixed effects model estimator, we find that income facilitates economic complexity to mitigate ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, N2O emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. Also, we fit a partial linear functional‐coefficient model to find that income influences economic complexity to exert a nonlinear effect on ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, N2O emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. We find that economic complexity leads to an increase in ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, N2O emissions and greenhouse gas emissions at lower income levels but gradually dampens them as income rises. Finally, by applying the Method of Moments Quantile regression to control for distributional heterogeneity, we also find that the mitigating effect of economic complexity on ecological footprint, CO2 emissions, N2O emissions and greenhouse gas emissions is transmitted through income across quantiles. The policy implications are discussed.
Microsurgical phalloplasty: Anatomical study evaluating the use of the external pudendal vessels as recipients
Authors: Allepot Killian , Morel‐Journel Nicolas , Boucher Fabien
Published: October 2022

The inferior epigastric artery (IEA) is commonly used as a recipient vessel in microsurgical phalloplasty but its use can be associated with abdominal parietal complications (hernia, bulging). To preclude such complications and avoid involvement of the femoral artery, we assessed an external pudendal artery (EPA) as a recipient vessel. We studied the disposition of the external pudendal system and its general anatomy. Then we compared the external diameter of the EPA to that of the first branches of the femoral artery. The most important point was to determine the location of the EPA through a reference line to facilitate a surgical approach. We then illustrated this preliminary study with a clinical case to check the reliability of the identified landmarks. Ten adult cadavers were dissected. The arteries of interest were part of a system consisting of either a common trunk or a duplicated system. The branches of the pudendal system arose from either the femoral artery or the deep femoral artery. On a horizontal reference line passing through the two pubic tubercles, we observed that 83% of EPAs arose between the reference line and 3 cm below it, at the level of a vertical axis centered on the femoral artery. The EPA could be suitable as recipient vessel in phalloplasty owing to its location, size, and ease of dissection. Using it instead of the IEA precludes abdominal parietal complications and reduces scarring in the recipient area.
Mutant TP53 driving the Warburg Effect in Mantle Cell lymphoma
Authors: Kliebhan Johannes , Besse Andrej , Kampa‐Schittenhelm Kerstin , Schittenhelm Marcus , Driessen Christoph
Published: October 2022

The p53 mutation R273H in tumor cells leads to increased glucose uptake, lactic acidosis, and accelerated tumor growth, as was previously shown in mice. We here present a patient with mantle cell lymphoma harboring this p53_R273H mutation, whose clinical course is characterized by severe lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and aggressive disease.
Harlequin ichthyosis: A case image from Syria
Authors: Al‐Dabbagh Jacob , Daabool Rajaa , Hatem Reem , Al‐Soufi Lina
Published: October 2022

Harlequin ichthyosis is a rare autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis with a distinct phenotypic appearance. It associated with a high mortality rate and affects both sexes equally. We report a harlequin fetus with a history of scalp psoriasis in his mother. The neonate was born to consanguineous parents who had a previous female baby that was diagnosed with harlequin ichthyosis.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a patient with recent COVID‐19 infection: A case report
Authors: Alemzadeh‐Ansari Mohammad Javad , Fakhrabadi Amir Akbar , Amin Ahmad , Rafiee Farnaz , Houshmand Golnaz
Published: October 2022

We report a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) case in a lady with a history of recent COVID‐19 and without any known predisposing factors. We also highlight the value of CMR as a noninvasive tool for tissue characterization, which can also be more applicable during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Varicella zoster viral infection complicating into necrotizing fasciitis: A case report
Authors: Shaikh Nissar , Amara Umm‐e‐ , Hussein Mogahed I. , Mahadik Sahar , Elhussain Abdalaziz I. , Al Maslamani Muna , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: October 2022

Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare complication of varicella‐zoster viral infection in adults, occurring due to a secondary bacterial infection. A 35‐year‐old female healthy patient had post‐varicella zoster infection with NSAID use as a possible risk factor. She was diagnosed early by clinical and laboratory parameters.
Characterization of the glmS Ribozymes from Listeria Monocytogenes and Clostridium Difficile
Authors: Esser Anna , Mayer Günter
Published: October 2022

The glmS ribozyme regulates the expression of the essential GlmS enzyme being involved in cell wall biosynthesis. While >450 variants of the glmS ribozyme were identified by in silico approaches and homology searches, only a few have yet been experimentally investigated. Herein, we validate and characterize the glmS ribozymes of the human pathogens Clostridium difficile and Listeria monocytogenes. Both ribozymes, as their previous characterized homologs rely on glucosamine‐6‐phosphate as co‐factor and the presence of divalent cations for exerting the cleavage reaction. The observed EC50 values in turn were found to be in the submicromolar range, at least an order of magnitude lower than observed for glmS ribozymes from other bacteria. The glmS ribozyme of L. monocytogenes was further shown to bear unique properties. It discriminates between co‐factors very stringently and other than the glmS ribozyme of C. difficile retains activity at low temperatures. This finding illustrates that albeit being highly conserved, glmS ribozymes have unique characteristics.
Small Molecule Tools to Study Cellular Target Engagement for the Intracellular Allosteric Binding Site of GPCRs
Authors: Huber Max E. , Toy Lara , Schmidt Maximilian F. , Weikert Dorothee , Schiedel Matthias
Published: October 2022

A conserved intracellular allosteric binding site (IABS) has recently been identified at several G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). Ligands targeting the IABS, so‐called intracellular allosteric antagonists, are highly promising compounds for pharmaceutical intervention and currently evaluated in several clinical trials. Beside co‐crystal structures that laid the foundation for the structure‐based development of intracellular allosteric GPCR antagonists, small molecule tools that enable an unambiguous identification and characterization of intracellular allosteric GPCR ligands are of utmost importance for drug discovery campaigns in this field. Herein, we discuss recent approaches that leverage cellular target engagement studies for the IABS and thus play a critical role in the evaluation of IABS‐targeted ligands as potential therapeutic agents.
Efficient Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Catalyzed by NNP–Manganese(I) Pincer Complexes at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Papa Veronica , Fessler Johannes , Zaccaria Francesco , Hervochon Julien , Dam Phong , Kubis Christoph , Spannenberg Anke , Wei Zhihong , Jiao Haijun , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Macchioni Alceo , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2022

Manganese‐catalyzed hydrogenation reactions have aroused widespread interest in recent years. Among the catalytic systems described, especially PNP‐ and NNP–Mn pincer catalysts have been reported for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, aldimines and esters. Furthermore, NNP−Mn pincer compounds are efficient catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of less reactive amides, ureas, carbonates, and carbamates. Herein, the synthesis and application of specific imidazolylaminophosphine ligands and the corresponding Mn pincer complexes are described. These new catalysts have been characterized and studied by a combination of experimental and theoretical investigations, and their catalytic activities have been tested in several hydrogenation reactions with good to excellent performance. Especially, the reduction of N‐heterocycles can be performed under very mild conditions.
Comparative analysis of ethanol‐steam and ‐autothermal reforming for hydrogen production using Aspen Plus
Authors: Rosha Pali , Ibrahim Hussameldin
Published: October 2022

A comparative analysis of the ethanol reforming concerning steam and autothermal reformer was conducted to the evaluate parametric conditions for a hydrogen‐rich product stream. The present simulation study includes a first attempt to report the optimal parametric conditions for ethanol‐steam and ‐autothermal reformer. Various operating parameters, including temperature, pressure, steam‐to‐ethanol ratio, and oxygen‐to‐ethanol ratio, were considered in this analysis. The result illustrated that the hydrogen mole fraction increased with rising temperature in the steam reforming of ethanol, but it remained constant beyond reaction temperature of 750°C. On the other hand, as the pressure and the steam‐to‐ethanol ratio increased, the H2 mole fraction decreased. Furthermore, with an enriched oxygen‐to‐ethanol ratio reactant stream, H2 and CO contents in the product effluent were found to be reduced in the autothermal ethanol reforming. The results showed that an autothermal reforming strategy under optimized parameters (temperature of 600°C, steam‐to‐ethanol ratio of 5, and oxygen‐to‐ethanol ratio of 0.6) produced the maximum H2 yield (3.78 kmol/h) per mole of ethanol. It was observed that introducing O2 into the reformer helped reduce the amount of energy required for the steam reforming reaction. This study indicates that, although considerable work has been conducted on reforming catalysts development, simulation‐based studies are still useful to help understand the overall process behaviour without undertaking laborious, high‐cost involved time‐consuming experiments.
Mathematical modelling for 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate photopolymerization in presence of oxygen
Authors: Vo Anh‐Duong Dieu , Abdi Kaveh , Tak Jurre F. U. , van der Velden Luuk , Willemse Robin X. E. , van der Linden Marjolein N. , Iedema Piet D. , McAuley Kimberley B.
Published: October 2022

A dynamic model is proposed for the photopolymerization of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) with the bifunctional initiator bis‐acylphosphine oxide (BAPO) in the presence of oxygen. The model tracks time‐varying concentrations of monomer, oxygen, and different radical end groups using ordinary differential equations. An analytical expression is derived for the mass‐transfer of oxygen. Oxygen‐related parameters are estimated using real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared reflection (FTIR) vinyl conversion data, which were collected during polymerization of HDDA films with different thicknesses, initiator concentrations, and light intensities. The resulting model and parameter estimates provide good predictions for experiments involving thin films up to 12 μm, with BAPO levels ranging from 1 to 4 wt.% and relatively low light intensities (200–1000 W/m2).
Analytical solutions of reaction–diffusion phenomena by porous cylindrical pellets with finite length
Authors: Cho Young‐Sang
Published: October 2022

Analytical solutions were derived to predict transient change of intra‐particle concentration inside cylindrical pellets with finite length immersed in an infinitely large medium. After the derivation of steady‐state concentration by eigenfunction expansion, a transient solution was obtained by the separation of variables. Effects of the Thiele modulus (Φ) and aspect ratio of the pellet (H/R) were studied by calculating the average intra‐particle concentration at a stationary state. The effectiveness factor (η) was also affected by H/R and Φ, since irreversible first order kinetics was assumed. As Biot number (Bi) increased, both intra‐particle concentration and η increased due to the decrease of the mass transfer resistance of the surrounding film. Good agreement between analytical and numerical solutions was confirmed for both steady‐state and transient solution by comparing the analytical results with the numerical solutions by finite element method. To extend the results to a batch reactor with finite volume, Duhamel's theorem was applied by assuming time‐dependent boundary conditions to reflect the change in bulk concentration as a function of time. A method was proposed to measure intra‐particle diffusivity for batch adsorber by setting Φ = 0. To investigate the effect of H/R, η could be included in material balance of batch, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and fixed bed reactors to predict reactor performance assuming a pseudo‐steady state. First‐order reaction by egg‐shell catalysts as well as nonlinear reaction with two reactants could be solved numerically assuming finite cylindrical pellets. By solving coupled differential equations of material and energy balances, dynamic catalysis was confirmed from the enhancement of conversion, assuming forced oscillation of inlet temperature in CSTR.
Functional Poly(ionic liquid) Porous Membranes: From Fabrications to Advanced Applications†
Authors: Hu Yingyi , Xu Luyao , Wang Lei , Shao Yue , Wang Hong
Published: October 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Polyelectrolyte porous membranes (PPMs) belong to the most interesting classes of materials, because the synergy of tunable pore sizes and charge nature of polyelectrolyte endow them with wide‐ranging practical applications. However, owing to the water solubility and ionic nature of the polyelectrolytes, traditional polyelectrolytes are difficult to use in scalable preparation of high‐quality PPMs through the well‐developed industrial methods. Poly(ionic liquid)s (PIL) are a subclass of functional polyelectrolytes bearing ionic liquid groups in their repeating unites, inheriting the advantages of ionic liquids (ILs) and macromolecular architecture features. In recent years, along with rapid development of PIL materials chemistry, considerable and significant developments involving the novel preparation methods, and structure‐property‐function relationships of PPMs have been made. In this review, we highlight the latest discovery and proceedings of PPMs, particularly the advancements in how to tailor structures and properties of PPMs by rational structure design of PILs. The formation mechanisms of various PPMs were also discussed in detail from the viewpoint of PILs molecular structures. A future perspective of the challenges and promising potential of PPMs is cast on the basis of these achievements. We expect that these analyses and deductions will be useful for the design of useful PPMs and serve as a source of inspiration for the design of future multifunctional PPMs.
Impact of frailty on mortality and quality of life in patients with a history of cancer undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Kosaraju Nikitha , Wu Perry , Leng Mei , Bolano Marielle , Rafique Asim M. , Shen John , Satou Nancy , Huchting Jeanne , Goldwater Deena , Aksoy Olcay , Yang Eric H.
Published: October 2022

Background

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly offered for aortic stenosis (AS) treatment in patients with a history of cancer. The impact of frailty on outcomes in this specific patient population is not well described.

Hypothesis

Frailty is associated with mortality and poorer quality of life (QOL) outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR with a history of cancer.

Methods

This retrospective single center cohort study included AS patients who underwent TAVR from August 1, 2012 to May 15, 2020. Frailty was measured using serum albumin, hemoglobin, gait speed, functional dependence, and cognitive impairment. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause mortality and QOL at 1 year. A poor primary outcome was defined as either all‐cause mortality, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary (KCCQ‐OS) score <45 or a KCCQ‐OS score decline of ≥10 points from baseline. Regression analysis was used to determine the impact of frailty on the primary outcome.

Results

The study population was stratified into active/recent cancer (n = 107), remote cancer (n = 85), and non‐cancer (n = 448). Univariate analysis of each cohort showed that frailty was associated with the primary outcome only in the non‐cancer cohort (p = .004). Multivariate analysis showed that cancer history was not associated with a poor primary outcome, whereas frailty was (1.7 odds ratio, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.8; p = .028).

Conclusions

Frailty is associated with mortality and poor QOL in the overall and non‐cancer cohorts. Further investigation is warranted to understand frailty's effect on the cancer population. Frailty should be heavily considered during TAVR evaluation.
Molecular Docking Studies, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Pyrimidine‐2,4‐diamines as Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase
Authors: Somandi Khonzisizwe , Seanego Tswene D. , Dlamini (née Molatsane) Tebogo , Maree Matthew , de Koning Charles B. , Vanichtanankul Jarunee , Rattanajak Roonglawan , Saeyang Thanaya , Yuthavong Yongyuth , Kamchonwongpaisan Sumalee , Rousseau Amanda L.
Published: October 2022

A series of 5‐[(phenethylamino)methyl]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diamines were assessed in silico as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR), synthesised and tested for inhibitory activity against PfDHFR in vitro. The compounds displayed promising inhibitory activity against both wild‐type (Ki 1.3–243 nM) and quadruple mutant (Ki 13–208 nM) PfDHFR in the biochemical enzyme assay, but were less potent in the whole‐cell P. falciparum assay (IC50(TM4/8.2) 0.4–28 μM; IC50(V1S) 3.7–54 μM). Further investigation into the pharmacokinetic properties of these compounds may guide the development of more potent analogues.