bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mirtazapine for Refractory Gastroparesis
Authors: Marella Hemnishil K. , Saleem Nasir , Olden Kevin
Published: October 2019

Gastroparesis is a chronic condition of delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical outlet obstruction. We report a 47-year-old African American woman with diabetic gastroparesis who presented with intractable nausea, vomiting, and decreased oral intake with electrolyte disturbances. The patient's symptoms were difficult to control with antiemetic and conventional prokinetic agents, and she was started on mirtazapine 15 mg nightly. She experienced an almost complete symptom relief and was able to tolerate solid food within 24–48 hours. We highlight the role of mirtazapine, a 5-HT1a agonist, as an effective therapy for refractory gastroparesis.
Influence of Gender and Reproductive Factors on Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
Authors: Xiong Ming , Li Junying , Yang Shuling , Zeng Fansen , Ji Yali , Liu Jiang , Wu Qiaoping , He Qingjun , Jiang Ronglong , Zhou Fuyuan , Wen Weiqun , Chen Jinjun , Hou Jinlin
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

The role of reproductive factors in the development of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown. We assessed the potential contributions of gender, menopausal status, and menarche age to liver fibrosis in CHB.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional prospective study included 716 women and 716 age-matched men with CHB who were not currently receiving antiviral therapy. Liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography was used to stage liver fibrosis as F0–F1 (<7.2 kPa), F ≥ 2 (7.2 kPa), F ≥ 3 (9.4 kPa), and F = 4 (12.2 kPa). Female patients were asked regarding their age at menarche and menopausal status using a questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Of the 716 women, 121 (16.9%) were postmenopausal, and 80 (11.2%) had advanced liver fibrosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the postmenopausal status compared with the premenopausal status (odds ratio [OR] = 3.65–8.83; P < 0.05) and age at menarche of >14 years compared with <13 years (OR = 2.85–3.95; P < 0.05) were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis. Compared with premenopausal women, age-matched men had a higher OR for advanced fibrosis (P < 0.05). Compared with postmenopausal women, age-matched men did not show a significant difference in the degree of liver fibrosis (P > 0.05). Longitudinal data analysis showed that postmenopausal women (n = 31) were significantly less likely to undergo regression of liver fibrosis after antiviral treatment vs premenopausal women (n = 19) (26.3% vs 74.2%, respectively; P < 0.001).

DISCUSSION:

Menopause and late menarche aggravated liver fibrosis in untreated CHB, besides menopause delayed fibrosis regression under antiviral therapy. The protective effect of female gender against fibrosis was lost for postmenopausal women.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:

It is important to consider menopausal status and age at menarche in establishing surveillance strategies among CHB females. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy may be considered for the prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis.
Artistic Research
Authors: Haarmann Anke
Published: October 2019

»Artistic Research« ist in aller Munde - ein Modewort der Gegenwartsdebatte, das Vereinnahmungen ebenso provoziert wie Zurückweisungen. Doch was meinen wir, wenn wir von der Kunst als Forscherin sprechen? Kann Kunst als eine Einsichten generierende, reflexive Praxis angesehen werden, die sich in ästhetischen Artikulationen formuliert? Welche Einsicht über welche Welt könnte sie bereitstellen? Eine umfassende epistemologische Ästhetik, die sich dem künstlerischen Forschen als Methode und Praxis annimmt, gibt es bisher nicht. In diesem Grundlagenwerk stellt sich Anke Haarmann den Fragen nach den originären Methoden, historischen Vorläufern, spezifischen Artikulationsformen und konkreten Handlungsweisen künstlerischen Forschens.
Das Forschungs- und Aktionsprogramm »Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens« (1974-1989)
Authors: Müller Stefan
Published: October 2019

Stefan Müller diskutiert in seinem Beitrag aus historischer Perspektive die Entstehung und die Konflikte um das Bundesprogramm »Humanisierung des Arbeitslebens« (1974-1989). Das HdA-Programm war Teil einer gesellschaftlichen Zukunftsdebatte über die »Qualität des Lebens« und atmete mit seinen Demokratisierungszielen den Geist der 1960er/1970er-Jahre. Charakteristisch waren die arbeitsstrukturierenden Projekte mit ihrer Suche nach Alternativen zur Fließbandarbeit. Mit seinen 1600 geförderten Maßnahmen strukturierte HdA politische und wissenschaftliche Debatten und dient als Tiefenbohrung sowohl für Forschungen zur Technologieförderung und -politik als auch über Vorstellungen und Diskurse von Humanität und Innovation. Die breite Zielsetzung des Programms führte zu erheblichen politischen Konflikten und schließlich zur Umgestaltung in den 1980er-Jahren. Heute stellt HdA in den Gewerkschaften einen Erinnerungsort dar, und aktuelle Förderlinien des BMBF knüpfen strukturell an das Programm an.
Heilige Drachentöter
Authors: Auburger Norina
Published: October 2019

Norina Auburger widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag dem Mythos des Drachenkampfes. Seinen Ursprung findet dieser schon in frühesten Schriftzeugnissen der Menschheit. Doch wenn man diese älteren Darstellungen mit denen der neueren, besser gesagt, der mittelalterlichen Literatur vergleicht, treten gravierende Unterschiede zutage. Der Drache wird von einem Wesen, das für sich allein steht, zu einer Personifikation des Bösen und in der mittelalterlichen Hagiographie sogar zum Teufel selbst. Wie ist es zu dieser Entwicklung gekommen? Um dieser Frage nachzugehen, werden verschiedene Legenden der Hagiographie und prominente Textstellen aus der Bibel miteinander verglichen und analysiert. Der Drache entwickelt sich im Zuge der Christianisierung von einem machtvollen Ungeheuer zu einem Instrument der Untermauerung des Gottesglaubens des heiligen Drachentöters, und letzten Endes ist seine Bezwingung eine Darstellung der Allmacht Gottes.
Prototyping Society - Zur vorauseilenden Technologisierung der Zukunft
Authors: Dickel Sascha
Published: October 2019

Prototypen wandern aus den Werkstätten in die Gesellschaft. Sie gelten nicht länger als defizitäre, weil unvollständige Objekte. Vielmehr wird gerade durch das Design des materiell Vorläufigen das gesellschaftliche Übermorgen gestaltet und technologisiert. Die Produktion und Rezeption dieser Artefakte verwandelt sich dabei von einer exklusiven Expertentätigkeit zu einer öffentlichen sozialen Praxis: Prototypen werden in öffentlich zugänglichen Makerspaces hergestellt und in urbanen Eventformaten zelebriert. Sascha Dickel zeigt, dass damit auch eine neue Form der Kritik einhergehen kann, die nicht gegen die Technologisierung des Sozialen opponiert, sondern Wege erschließt, in einer technologisch verbauten Welt alternative Zukünfte zu entwerfen.
Epistemologien des Umgebens
Authors: Sprenger Florian
Published: October 2019

Der Aufstieg des Begriffs »Environment« zur Beschreibung der Gegenwart markiert den Einfluss, den das Nachdenken über Umgebungsrelationen und die Möglichkeit der technischen Gestaltung künstlicher Umgebungen seit Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts gewonnen haben. In geschlossenen artifiziellen Welten wie Raumstationen oder künstlichen Ökosystemen wird die Verschränkung des »Environments« mit den umgebenen Organismen zum Gegenstand einer Biopolitik, die heute in autonomen Technologien der Umgebungskontrolle neue Räume erschließt. Florian Sprenger verfolgt diese Transformation ökologischen Umgebungswissens mit dem Ziel, gegenwärtige Technologien besser zu verstehen, den Begriff unselbstverständlich zu machen und die biopolitische Dimension jeder Ökologie herauszuarbeiten.
Kollektive Identitäten als Koalitionen denken
Authors: Ganz Kathrin
Published: October 2019

Kathrin Ganz widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag intersektionalen Perspektiven in der sozialen Bewegungsforschung, die das dynamische Zusammenwirken von gesellschaftlichen Herrschaftsverhältnissen untersuchen. Dieser Ansatz geht davon aus, dass Politiken sozialer Bewegungen und die kollektiven Subjektivitäten ihrer Akteur*innen von miteinander verschränkten rassistischen, klassistischen, ableistischen und sexistischen Verhältnissen geprägt sind. Der Beitrag beleuchtet Reibungspunkte, die zwischen poststrukturalistischen Theorien und standpunkttheoretisch ausgerichteten Analysen von multiplen Unterdrückungsverhältnissen bestehen und skizziert verschiedene Zugänge zur Analyse sozialer Bewegungen, die sich durch Intersektionalität eröffnen.
Seinsentdeckungen, Seinsverdeckungen
Authors: Kastropp Philipp Christian
Published: October 2019

Sein oder Nichtsein - ist das noch eine Frage? Philipp Christian Kastropp setzt der tendenziellen Vernachlässigung der Seinsfrage eine akribische Lektüre zentraler Seinstexte entgegen - von der Entdeckung der Seinsfrage bei den Vorsokratikern über ihre Verdeckung bei Platon und von Nietzsches ambivalentem Verhältnis zur Seinsfrage bis zu ihrer streitbaren Wiederentdeckung bei Heidegger. Flankiert durch eine Untersuchung des Wechselspiels von Sein und Nichts, führt er somit auch den Nihilismus auf seine Wurzeln zurück. Durch die liminale Verortung zwischen Philologie und Philosophie eröffnen sich für beide Wissenschaften fruchtbare Perspektiven.
Between Saviours and Disillusionists. (Dis -)Orientations in (Popular ) Music Education
Authors: Dyndahl Petter
Published: October 2019

This chapter addresses music education issues related to contrasting orientations towards popular music, in particular through the motifs of »saviours« and »disillusionists«. The former orientation is represented by a predominantly Anglo-American tendency to ascribe an important role to popular music in the renewal of music education content and methods. This tendency is often linked to the idea and application of informal music education. The latter orientation refers to a long-standing Scandinavian practice of including popular music in music education, which, however, has led to doubt regarding its merits. In the critical opposition, the notion of musical gentrification is particularly emphasized as an approach to popular music that differs significantly from the informal music education paradigm. Following a review and discussion of both approaches, the chapter concludes with considerations of the prerequisites in order for music education to adapt amidst social and cultural instability and polarization. From this perspective, popular music must inevitably be seen as part of both the powers and dangers of music education.
Successes and Limitations of Inquiry-Based Laboratories on Affective Learning Outcomes for Deaf, Hard-of-Hearing, and Hearing Signing Students
Authors: Marchut Amber Elizabeth , Gormally Cara
Published: October 2019

Active learning pedagogies such as inquiry-based learning have the potential not only to improve students’ science literacy but also promote affective learning and interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers. Moreover, a focus on affective learning may be key to improve recruitment in STEM. Yet, we know little about how participation in inquiry-based courses can impact college students’ affective learning. Here, we present results from a comparative analysis of two affective learning outcomes, attitudes toward science and science identity, after participation in inquiry-based laboratory courses. Then, we synthesize what we have learned about successes and limitations to promoting growth in positive attitudes toward science and science identity after participation in these courses. Our work focuses on non-science majors who are deaf, hard-of-hearing and hearing signers in bilingual (American Sign Language and written English) inquiry-based biology laboratory courses. We concentrate on the Deaf Community because deaf individuals often face challenges regarding access in STEM education. Our results indicate that participation in inquiry-based laboratory courses has the potential to positively influence students’ attitudes toward science via repeated engagement with hands-on, student-driven experimentation, peer collaboration, and a welcoming classroom environment. However, participation in these classes had a limited impact on students’ science identities.  Some students saw themselves as scientists during laboratory classes, however, their science identities beyond the classroom remained unchanged. While inquiry-based laboratories successfully promote one aspect of affective learning, work is needed to improve students’ science identities and increase interest in STEM careers to more effectively recruit students in these courses.
Construcción y evaluación de un divisor de alto voltaje para pruebas de impulso tipo rayo
Authors: Mina Casaran Juan David , García Diego Fernando , Echeverry Diego Fernando
Published: October 2019

Contexto: La medición segura y efectiva de señales de alto voltaje se ha convertido, desde hace años, en una de las mayores preocupaciones por parte de quienes realizan ensayos en alta tensión. En ese sentido, el divisor de tensión representa uno de los dispositivos de mayor importancia para la medición en laboratorio de señales como las generadas por los rayos. Sin embargo, el divisor debe contar con características adecuadas de voltaje nominal, factor de escala y respuesta en frecuencia, para que la señal registrada sea un reflejo de la señal aplicada al equipo bajo prueba. Muestra de ello son los tipos más comunes de divisores de tensión desarrollados (divisor resistivo, divisor capacitivo y divisor capacitivo amortiguado), cada uno con características propias que permiten un buen desempeño del sistema de medición y registro en alta tensión. Con el propósito de evaluar el desempeño del sistema de medición y registro, en lo referente a la etapa de conversión, en este trabajo se presentan los aspectos teóricos y prácticos relacionados con el diseño, construcción y evaluación de un divisor capacitivo amortiguado de 300 kV, usado para la medición de señales de impulso de tensión tipo rayo.

Método: Para el diseño y evaluación del divisor de voltaje, se utilizaron herramientas computacionales de simulación, como Mathematica® y Pspice®, las cuales ayudaron a estimar el comportamiento de los componentes del divisor: resistor de amortiguamiento y ramas de bajo voltaje. Del mismo modo, se utilizaron equipos de laboratorio (medidor de respuesta en frecuencia y generador de impulsos de voltaje de 300 kV), para verificar el desempeño de los componentes del divisor. Los ensayos se basaron en pruebas de respuesta en frecuencia, capacidad de aislamiento y obtención de los factores de escala del divisor, de acuerdo con estándares nacionales e internacionales.

Resultados: En la prueba de respuesta en frecuencia realizada al resistor de amortiguamiento, desde 20 Hz hasta aproximadamente 1 MHz, los efectos parásitos son despreciables y la impedancia del resistor se puede considerar puramente resistiva. Por su parte, en la prueba de capacidad de aislamiento, se observó que el resistor puede soportar impulsos de tensión de hasta 10 kV, sin que se produzca ruptura del aislamiento del resistor. Respecto a la verificación de los factores de escala, las diferencias porcentuales no superaron el límite de variación de voltaje pico establecido por norma.

Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que la metodología desarrollada fue adecuada para el diseño, construcción y simulación del divisor de tensión. Los modelos eléctricos propuestos en la metodología fueron suficientes para obtener resultados confiables en las simulaciones. Finalmente, las contribuciones más importantes del trabajo fueron la construcción de un resistor de amortiguamiento no inductivo y la construcción de una rama adicional de bajo voltaje.
Control Directo al Par y Control de Campo Orientado para un Motor Síncrono de Imanes Permanentes
Authors: Cuji William David , Arcos Avilés Diego
Published: October 2019

Contexto: Los motores síncronos de imanes permanentes o Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM, por sus siglas en inglés) han mejorado rápidamente su rendimiento en cuanto a la densidad de potencia, eficiencia y mejor dinámica, gracias a los procesos de tecnologías empleadas en ellos tales como: la técnica de control y la tecnología de circuitos de accionamiento. Un PMSM puede operar tanto como motor y como generador, además se destacan por tener un reducido mantenimiento, ya que a diferencia de otro tipo de motores los PMSM no presentan anillos colectores ni escobillas. El algoritmo de control que se emplea generalmente en este tipo de motores es un control vectorial, divido en Control Directo del Par (DTC) y Control de Campo Orientado (FOC).

Método: La plataforma computacional donde se realizan las simulaciones es en el software Matlab (R2017a) Simulink 8.9, donde se utilizan bloques predeterminados y funciones programas para los diagramas de control vectorial DTC y FOC.

Resultados: En cuanto al control del par electromagnético, FOC presenta mayor rizado que el DTC, por lo que se determina que el DTC tiene mayor control de par en relación al FOC. Para el control del flujo magnético, de acuerdo con los valores obtenidos, el DTC tiene un mejor control que el FOC. Para el control de velocidad, tanto el control DTC como FOC tienen una rápida respuesta ante perturbaciones, sin embargo el DTC tiene un tiempo de respuesta menor cuando el PMSM se pone en movimiento desde el reposo, es decir que el DTC tiene una respuesta rápida en el estado transitorio y una vez que el motor se encuentra en movimiento, ante perturbaciones como la disminución de velocidad el FOC tiene mejor control.

Conclusiones: Al analizar los aspectos más importantes para determinar cuál técnica de control es efectiva, se concluye que la técnica de control DTC tiene mayor efectividad de acuerdo con la técnica de control FOC, sin embargo, cabe mencionar que las dos técnicas de control son ampliamente utilizadas en el sector industrial en el accionamiento de motores eléctricos por lo que la selección de dichas técnicas dependerá del proceso a realizar.
El Papel de las Energía Renovables en las Microrredes
Authors: Diaz Aldana Nelson Leonardo
Published: October 2019

Nota Editorial V24N1
MEMUTUS MATA RANTAI PRAKTIK PROSTITUSI DI INDONESIA MELALUI KRIMINALISASI PENGGUNA JASA PROSTITUSI
Authors: Kusumawati Apriliani , Rochaeti Nur
Published: October 2019

Selama ini prostitusi di Indonesia dipandang dengan cara pandang patriarki, dimana Perempuan yang Dilacurkan (Pedila) selalu menjadi objek dan tudingan sumber permasalahan. Pedila dihukum oleh Negara sebagai pelaku tindak pidana, sedangkan pengguna jasa prostitusi dianggap wajar, padahal praktik prostitusi akan terus ada selama masih banyak “permintaan/demand” dari pengguna jasa prostitusi. Karenanya, gagasan kriminalisasi bagi pengguna jasa prostitusi mendesak untuk dilakukan dalam upaya memutus mata rantai praktik prostitusi. Penulis menemukan bahwa Indonesia terdapat berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang memuat larangan prostitusi, antara lain terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 tentang Pornografi, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Namun aturan tersebut belum komprehensif untuk menjerat para pihak yang terlibat dalam prostitusi, khususnya pengguna jasa prostitusi. Penindakan dapat dilakukan melalui penyusunan peraturan perundang-undangan khusus terkait prostitusi atau dengan segera mengesahkan Rancangan Undang-Undang Penghapusan Kekerasan Seksual.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP KESELAMATAN DAN KEAMANAN PENGEMUDI OJEK ONLINE UNTUK KEPENTINGAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: Putri Hanifah Sartika , Diamantina Amalia
Published: October 2019

Transportasi merupakan bidang kegiatan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia. Sepeda motor termasuk dalam klarifikasi jenis kendaraan pribadi, namun di Indonesia banyak dijumpai sepeda motor yang juga melakukan fungsi kendaraan umum yaitu mengangkut orang dan/atau barang dan memungut biaya yang telah disepakati. Moda transportasi berbasis online ini juga menyisakan permasalahan memantik pro dan kontra di masyarakat. Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) perkara Nomor 41/PUU-XVI/2018, bahwa permohonan pengujian materiil UU LLAJ dalam Perkara Nomor 41/PUU-XVI/2018 diajukan oleh para pengemudi ojek online. Metode pendekatan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis, data dalam penulisan ini data sekunder dengan metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan atau library researah dan wawancara. Dalam perlindungan ojek online belum ada perundang-undangan atau peraturan yang secara khusus yang membahas tentang masalah pengemudi ojek online. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap pengemudi ojek online. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan baru melalui Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 12 tahun 2019 tentang perlindungan keselamatan pengguna sepeda motor yang digunakan untuk kepentingan masyarakat.
Wielogłowa hydra
Authors: Linebaugh Peter , Rediker Marcus
Published: October 2019

Przetłumaczył ŁUKASZ MOLLPrezentujemy pierwsze tłumaczenie na język polski fragmentu głośnej książki Petera Linebaugha i Markusa Redikera The Many-Headed Hydra: The Hidden History of Revolutionary Atlantic. Autorzy przedstawiają w niej transkontynentalny i transkulturowy zbiorowy podmiot oporu wobec rodzącego się systemu kapitalistycznego. Przetłumaczony fragment dostarcza przeglądu struktury atlantyckiego proletariatu, zdaje sprawę z kluczowej roli, jaką odgrywał on przy konstrukcji infrastruktury niezbędnej dla reprodukcji kapitalizmu, a także omawia jednocześnie popłoch i nadzieje, jaki zgraja żeglarzy, zbiegłych niewolników, heretyków i obrończyń dóbr wspólnych wzbudzała od Anglii po Karaiby.
Stratigraphy of Architectural Elements of a Buried Monogenetic Volcanic System
Authors: Bischoff Alan , Nicol Andrew , Cole Jim , Gravley Darren
Published: October 2019

Large volumes of magma emplaced and deposited within sedimentary basins can have an impact on the architecture and geological evolution of these basins. Over the last decade, continuous improvement in techniques such as seismic volcano-stratigraphy and 3D visualisation of igneous bodies has helped increase knowledge about the architecture of volcanic systems buried in sedimentary basins. Here, we present the complete architecture of the Maahunui Volcanic System (MVS), a middle Miocene monogenetic volcanic field now buried in the offshore Canterbury Basin, South Island of New Zealand. We show the location, geometry, size, and stratigraphic relationships between 25 main intrusive, extrusive and sedimentary architectural elements, in a comprehensive volcano-stratigraphic framework that explains the evolution of the MVS from emplacement to complete burial in the host sedimentary basin. Understanding the relationships between these diverse architectural elements allows us to reconstruct the complete architecture of the MVS, including its shallow (<3 km) plumbing system, the morphology of the volcanoes, and their impact in the host sedimentary basin during their burial. The plumbing system of the MVS comprises saucer-shaped sills, dikes and sill swarms, minor stocks and laccoliths, and pre-eruptive strata deformed by intrusions. The eruptive and associated sedimentary architectural elements define the morphology of volcanoes in the MVS, which comprise deep-water equivalents of crater and cone-type volcanoes. After volcanism ceased, the process of degradation and burial of volcanic edifices formed sedimentary architectural elements such as inter-cone plains, epiclastic plumes, and canyons. Insights from the architecture of the MVS can be used to explore for natural resources such as hydrocarbons, geothermal energy and minerals in buried and active volcanic systems elsewhere.
Traditional versus modern settlement on torrential alluvial fans considering the danger of debris flows: a case study of the Upper Sava Valley (NW Slovenia)
Authors: Valjavec Mateja Breg , Komac Blaž
Published: October 2019

We analysed spatial development of traditional and modern settlements on active alluvial fans in the Upper Sava Valley (NW Slovenia), by using old cadastral data from the beginning of the 19th century, time series of aerial photographs from the middle of the 20th century and recent building cadastre. The valley is surrounded by the mountainous Julian Alps in the south and the Karavanke Mountains in the north where there is a lack of space for settlements due to steep slopes that are increasing the danger of slope processes, torrential processes and floods. By using a very high-resolution 1m LiDAR digital elevation model, we defined the morphometry of alluvial fans and the characteristics of the drainage system of contributing tributaries. We classified the areas according to the threat posed by the modelled torrents and debris flows. We analysed the resilience of settlement in different periods from this perspective and evaluated the integration of natural processes effects in modern spatial planning projects. We found that geomorphic processes threaten a relatively large proportion of some new and old settlements on alluvial fans and that safe planning of areas of settlement has been successful neither in the past nor in recent decades.
Transport mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmpL/S family proteins and implications in pharmaceutical targeting
Authors: Ma Shuang , Huang Yu , Xie Fuling , Gong Zhen , Zhang Yuan , Stojkoska Andrea , Xie Jianping
Published: October 2019

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious threat to public health. The M. tuberculosis cell envelope is closely related to its virulence and drug resistance. Mycobacterial membrane large proteins (MmpL) are lipid-transporting proteins of the efflux pump resistance nodulation cell division (RND) superfamily with lipid substrate specificity and non-transport lipid function. Mycobacterial membrane small proteins (MmpS) are small regulatory proteins, and they are also responsible for some virulence-related effects as accessory proteins of MmpL. The MmpL transporters are the candidate targets for the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs. This article summarizes the structure, function, phylogenetics of M. tuberculosis MmpL/S proteins and their roles in host immune response, inhibitors and regulatory system.
Risk factors and drug resistance of the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients in ICU
Authors: Ren Jichen , Li Xiaomeng , Wang Libo , Liu Mingzhu , Zheng Ke , Wang Yanrong
Published: October 2019

Objective

To investigate the risk factors and drug resistance of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients.

Methods

From January 2013 to February 2016, 98 pneumonia patients with MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in our hospital ICU were selected as the observation group, and 49 pneumonia patients with not-MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in our hospital ICU were selected as the control group in accordance with the proportion of 2:1. Sputum samples were collected from the two groups for drug resistance, and the risk factors and prognosis of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients were given survey analysis.

Results

The observation group was highly resistant to cefotaxime, piperacillin, imipenem, levofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and ceftazidime, and was only sensitive to polymyxin. In addition to piperacillin, polymyxin B, the other antimicrobial drug resistance rates in the control group was significantly lower than in the observation group (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that diabetes, infection before hospitalization, admission 24h score of APACHE II and GCS scores, deep venous catheterization, and mechanical ventilation were related to the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients(P<0.05). Non conditional logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, infection before hospitalization, admission 24h score of APACHE II and GCS scores were the independent risk factors for the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients(P<0.05).

Conclusion

MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in pneumonia patients in ICU is common, where diabetes infection before hospitalization, admission 24h score of APACHE II and GCS scores are the main risk factors, and the vast majority of the antibiotics are resistant to the MDR Acinetobacter baumannii that can lead to poorer prognosis and followed-up of patients with increased mortality.
Effect of the paper surface properties on the ink transfer parameters in offset printing
Authors: Cigula Tomislav , Tomašegović Tamara , Hudika Tomislav
Published: October 2019

Paper has a crucial impact on the qualitative properties of printed product as properties of the paper’s surface directly impact the ink transfer, consequently, basic optical properties of the print. Although same ISO paper type, papers possess variable surface properties leading to different influence on the ink transfer. The aim of this research was to analyse influence of the surface properties of the paper, including surface free energy, smoothness and gloss of some standard papers used in lithography on the ink transfer while matching the colorimetric values defined by ISO 12647-2:2013. Determination of amount of the ink transfer, optical density, mottling and colour difference of prints were performed to evaluate paper-ink interactions. Results have shown that produced prints differ in the investigated properties. Furthermore, there are significant correlations between the surface free energy of the paper and paper smoothness and the ink transfer. In addition, amount of ink used to produce a standardized print varies for different paper types (even in the same ISO paper classification), meaning difference in ink costs. This research proved the high influence of paper’s certain parameters on the ink transfer by strong correlation coefficients. This enables better process control and optimization of the printing.
Kinetic Study of Degradation of Basic Turquise Blue X-GB and Basic Blue X-GRRL using Advanced Oxidation Process
Authors: Khan Naeem-Ul-Haq , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar , Nazir Arif , Ain Hiratul
Published: October 2019

This study focuses on application of advanced oxidation (Photo-Fenton) processes to decolorize Basic Turquise Blue (BTB) X-GB 250% and Basic Blue (BB) X-GRRL 250% dyes. The percent decolorization was studied in terms of effect of variation in intensity of UV light at optimum conditions of all the parameters (pH = 3.0, H2O2 = 4.8 mM, FeSO4 = 1.6 mM, temperature = 50 °C, time = 80 min for BTB X-GB, and pH = 5.0, H2O2 = 5.6 mM, FeSO4 = 2.0 mM, temperature = 40 °C, time = 60 min for BB X-GRRL). Maximum decolorization was obtained at maximum intensity (15660 counts/min) of UV light as 96.17% for BTB X-GB and 88.48% for BB X-GRRL. First order, 2nd order and BMG kinetic models were used to analyze the data obtained for intensity of UV light. BMG model gives us the higher values of correlation coefficients for all data of both the dyes. The results have shown that Photo-Fenton oxidation process is the beneficial and effective for oxidation treatment of waste water effluents containing dyes as main pollutants.
Preparation of Ginger Oil in Water Nanoemulsion Using Phase Inversion Composition Technique: Effects of Stirring and Water Addition Rates on their Physico-Chemical Properties and Stability
Authors: Farshbaf-Sadigh Ashraf , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda , Anarjan Navideh , Najian Yahya
Published: October 2019

Ginger oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions, were produced using phase inversion composition method and Tween 80, as emulsifier. Effects of processing parameters namely, stirring rate (100 to1000 rpm) and water addition rate (1–10 mL/min) were evaluated on the physico-chemical, morphological, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the prepared O/W nanoemulsions using response surface methodology (RSM). Results indicated that well dispersed and spherical ginger nanodroplets were formed in the nanoemulsions with minimum particle size (8.80 nm) and polydispersity index (PDI, 0.285) and maximum zeta potential value (−9.15 mV), using stirring rate and water addition rate of 736 rpm and 8.18 mL/min, respectively. Insignificant differences between predicted and experimental values of the response variables, indicated suitability of fitted models using RSM. Mean particle size of the prepared nanoemulsion using optimum conditions were changed from 8.81 ± 1 to 9.80 ± 1 nm, during 4 weeks of storage, which revealed high stability of the resulted ginger O/W nanoemulsion. High antioxidant activity (55.4%), bactericidal (against Streptococcus mutans) and fungicidal (against Aspergillus niger) activities of the prepared nanoemulsion could be related to the presence of gingerols and shogaols, a group of phenolic alkanones, in the ginger oil, which those were detected by gas chromatography method.
O TRABALHO DO APENADO EM RELAÇÃO À EXECUÇÃO PENAL E SEUS DESDOBRAMENTOS NOS RAMOS DO DIREITO
Authors: Antunes Ribeiro de Oliveira José Matheus , Pessôa Ulisses
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem como escopo principal demonstrar de maneira concisa a importância de uma política pública de excelência na seara da execução penal, no qual seja respeitados direitos fundamentais básicos, e que devido a esses respeitos se obterá vantagens, como pode ser isto em modelos internacionais. Por derradeiro, o respeito aos direitos fundamentais se verifica em especial ao direito de normas trabalhistas, que majoritariamente são desrespeitadas pelos entes públicos e empresas privadas que catalisam um evento altamente danoso, como é o caso do dumping social.
A TEORIA DO "LABELLING APPROACH" E A SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA: A teoria do etiquetamento social no Direito Penal
Authors: Ayres Eduarda , Pessôa Ulisses
Published: October 2019

A presente pesquisa objetiva o estudo e fomento da discussão em torno da Teoria do Labelling Approach, nascida do estudo da criminologia na famosa Escola de Chicago. Um tema que apesar do surgimento na década de 60 altamente contemporâneo aos dias atuais e presente na sociedade brasileira e o sistema penal. Neste sentido, será apresentado a época do surgimento das primeiras discussões, o contexto histórico que levou a necessidade de um estudo crítico a todas as demais teorias tradicionais. Sendo exposto ao final as diferenciações de cada um dos elementos componentes e dados estatísticos e informacionais no Brasil e no mundo acerca dos estigmas e suas consequências.
Prevalence of endocrine disorders in obese patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: van Hulsteijn L T , Pasquali R , Casanueva F , Haluzik M , Ledoux S , Monteiro M P , Salvador J , Santini F , Toplak H , Dekkers O M
Published: October 2019

Objective

The increasing prevalence of obesity is expected to promote the demand for endocrine testing. To facilitate evidence guided testing, we aimed to assess the prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity. The review was carried out as part of the Endocrine Work-up for the Obesity Guideline of the European Society of Endocrinology.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

Methods

A search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and COCHRANE Library for original articles assessing the prevalence of hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, hypogonadism (males) or hyperandrogenism (females) in patients with obesity. Data were pooled in a random-effects logistic regression model and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Sixty-eight studies were included, concerning a total of 19.996 patients with obesity. The pooled prevalence of overt (newly diagnosed or already treated) and subclinical hypothyroidism was 14.0% (95% CI: 9.7–18.9) and 14.6% (95% CI: 9.2–20.9), respectively. Pooled prevalence of hypercortisolism was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.3–1.6). Pooled prevalence of hypogonadism when measuring total testosterone or free testosterone was 42.8% (95% CI: 37.6–48.0) and 32.7% (95% CI: 23.1–43.0), respectively. Heterogeneity was high for all analyses.

Conclusions

The prevalence of endocrine disorders in patients with obesity is considerable, although the underlying mechanisms are complex. Given the cross-sectional design of the studies included, no formal distinction between endocrine causes and consequences of obesity could be made.
Hole States in Spherical Quantum Nanoheterosystem with Intermediate Spin-Orbital Interaction
Authors: Bilynskyi I.V. , Leshko R.Ya. , Metsan H.O. , Shevchuk I.S.
Published: October 2019

The hole energy spectrum has been studied for the spherical semiconductor nanoheterosystem with the cubic symmetry. The exact solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the ground and excited hole states are presented within the framework of the 6-band Luttinger Hamiltonian and the finite gap of bands with the corresponding boundary conditions. Dependence of the holes energies from the radius of the quantum dot has been calculated for the GaAs/AlAs heterostructure. Obtained results where compared with data obtained using the infinite potential well model, as well as the single-band model for heavy and light holes.
Effect of Compensation Degree on the Detecting Properties of In-doped Cd0.9Zn0.1Te crystals
Authors: Sklyarchuk V.M. , Zakharuk Z.I. , Kolisnyk M.H. , Rarenko А.I. , Sklyarchuk O.F. , Fochuk P.M.
Published: October 2019

The electrical characteristics of In-doped Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT:In) crystals with concentration of  Со = 3,5×1017 cm-3, which are used in X- and gamma-radiation detectors, were investigated. CZT:In crystals possess a weakly pronounced n-type conductivity and had a resistivity of (1 ¸ 2)*109 Ohm´cm at 293 K. In/CZT:In/In structures with ohmic contacts and Cr/CZT:In/In structures with Schottky barriers were created on their base. The temperature dependences of the resistivity in investigated material were analyzed and explained. The energy position of the deep level responsible for the material’ dark conductivity was found. Due to the study of the temperature dependencies of currents limited by space-charge and of currents of the ohmic section of the volt-ampere characteristics (I-VC), the compensation degree of CZT:In crystals is determined. It was found that Cr/CZT:In/In structures with a Schottky diode, fabricated on crystals with a lower compensation degree, possessed the best detection properties than similar structures fabricated on crystals with a greater compensation degree.
Vapor Permeability of Thin-Film Composite Materials Based |on Polyethylene
Authors: Domantsevich N. , Yatsyshyn B.
Published: October 2019

The study of the vapor permeability and surface structure of polyethylene films modified with organic filler (casein) and mixed organic-mineral fillers stored under closed storage conditions have been shown. Changes in diffusion characteristics are shown depending on the type and amount of filler in long-term (up to 7 years) studies. It was established that the injection into the polyethylene matrix of fillers and additives significantly changes the structure formation with long-term aging. Water vapor permeability of polyethylene film modified by fillers increases along the subsequent aging. However, the deviation of characteristics at 7 years of storage does not exceed the value of WVTR = 0.6 mg·m-2·s-1, even taking into account the small thickness of the samples, which in most cases the long-term use of such a product is permissible. Electron microscopic studies of modified films have been carried out.
Identification of Genes Required for Apical Protein Trafficking inDrosophilaPhotoreceptor Cells
Authors: Laffafian Azadeh , Tepass Ulrich
Published: October 2019

Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptor cells are highly polarized epithelial cells. Their apical membrane is further subdivided into the stalk membrane and the light-sensing rhabdomere. The photo-pigment Rhodopsin1 (Rh1) localizes to the rhabdomere, whereas the apical determinant Crumbs (Crb) is enriched at the stalk membrane. The proteoglycan Eyes shut (Eys) is secreted through the apical membrane into an inter-rhabdomeral space. Rh1, Crb, and Eys are essential for the development of photoreceptor cells, normal vision, and photoreceptor cell survival. Human orthologs of all three proteins have been linked to retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we describe an RNAi-based screen examining the importance of 237 trafficking-related genes in apical trafficking of Eys, Rh1, and Crb. We found 28 genes that have an effect on the localization and/or levels of these apical proteins and analyzed several factors in more detail. We show that the Arf GEF protein Sec71 is required for biosynthetic traffic of both apical and basolateral proteins, that the exocyst complex and the microtubule-based motor proteins dynein and kinesin promote the secretion of Eys and Rh1, and that Syntaxin 7/Avalanche controls the endocytosis of Rh1, Eys, and Crb.
STUDY ON SURVIVABILITY OF NEWLY HATCHED LARVAE OF TWO SPECIES OF PEPPERMINT SHRIMP FED WITH DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS AND DENSITIES OF LIVE FOODS
Authors: Pratama Indra , Albasri Hatim
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to evaluate different types and combinations of live foods in relation to the survivability of newly hatched Lysmata vittata and Lysmata intermedia larvae. The experiment consisted of three trials (different species, combinations, and densities of live foods) arranged in a completely randomized design. The first and second trials were subjected to L. vittata with three treatments for each trial (1A, 1B, 1C for trial-1; 1D, 1E, 1F for trial-2). The third trial consisted of two treatments (2A and 2B) tested on L. intermedia. Each treatment had three replicates. The results showed that the survival rates were low in all treatments. However, each treatment showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the average survival rate of L. vittata and L. intermedia larvae. In the first trial, treatment 1C was the only one that had survived larvae after day 35 with 4.44% of final average survival rate (FASR). Four of the larvae reached the post-larval stage. In the second trial, treatment 1F showed a better condition than the other treatments with 5.56% FASR. Nevertheless, no larvae in the second trial had transformed to post-larval stage before the experiment ended at day 46. In the third trial, no larvae survived to reach the post-larval stage. In spite of this, treatment 2B had better daily average survival rate (DASR) than treatment 2A. This research concludes that the use of copepods as live food at an early larval stage and Artemia at a later stage is relatively more effective to improve the survival rate of peppermint shrimp larvae.
ESTABLISHING A BASE POPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL SELECTION FOR LOW MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS IN TERM OF DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL IN THE AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus)
Authors: Iswanto Bambang , Suprapto Rommy , Imron Imron
Published: October 2019

The farming industry of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Indonesia is affected by a high feed cost during the grow-out phase resulting in low economic return. Selective breeding to produce new strains with low maintenance requirements is one of the potential solutions to overcome the problem. The present study aimed to identify and study the performance of the base population of African catfish treated with feed low in dietary protein during the grow-out phase. Out of 100 broodstock pairs, 96 pairs had produced successful hatching. Approximately 1,000 larvae from each pair were reared separately to reach seven-week-old juveniles. Then, 50 individuals from each pair were selected to form the base population. The base population was reared for four months and fed with commercial feed containing 12% crude protein resulting in final mean body weight of 82.04 ± 34.66 g, a specific growth rate of 2.02%/day, a feed conversion ratio of 4.23, and survival rate of 25.15%. At the end of the grow-out phase, the size variation among treated fish was relatively high (variation coefficient of 42.31%). The subsequent individual selection stage had identified that 325 individuals (equal to 26.93% of the total population) had the best performances with a mean body weight of 128.80 ± 22.80 g, selection differential of 46.80 g, and selection intensity of 1.35. These results suggested the potency of the selected base population be used in the forming of the next generation.
INFLUENCE OF SQUID LIVER MEAL IN MATURATION DIET ON GONADOSOMATIC INDEX AND GONADAL AMINO ACID CONTENT OF GOLDEN SPOTTED RABBITFISH, Siganus guttatus
Authors: Laining Asda , Trismawanti Ike , Usman Usman , Masruri Muhammad Hafid
Published: October 2019

A four months feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two maturation diets containing either fishmeal (FM) or squid liver meal (SLM) as the major protein source on growth, gonadosomatic index and gonadal bio-chemical profiles of golden spotted rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus. The two tested diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous (40%) and iso-lipidic (14%) and supplemented with several micronutrients specifically for gonadal development. The initial weight of golden spotted rabbitfish used were 352.6 ± 45.0 g and stocked into four of 2 m x 2 m x 2.5 m net cages with 25 fish per cage. The test diets were fed to the stocks twice a day. After four months feeding, the weight gains (WG) of broodstock fed the two diets were nearly similar in which FM had WG of 40.1 ± 2.2% and 42.8 ± 2.0% for SLM. The GSI of male fed SLM diet was similar to that of fed with FM. However, the GSI of female fed FM was 5.6 ± 0.1% significantly lower (P<0.05) than SLM which was 11.4 ± 0.5%. Furthermore, total amino acid (TAA) in spermatocyte was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary SLM indicated by its higher TAA (62.4%) compared to TAA content of FM group (46.1%). Similarly, the TAA content in oocyte was significantly (P<0.05) improved when fed SLM. The dietary SLM did not affect the TAA content in the fillet of rabbitfish demonstrated by the similarity of the fillet TAA content in the two groups which was 55.6% for FM and 54.1% for SLM. Dietary SLM enhanced GSI of female broodstocks and profile of amino acid in the gonad of golden spotted rabbitfish, Siganus guttatus.
Vibratory plate resonance compaction
Authors: Massarsch K. Rainer , Wersäll Carl
Published: October 2019

The development of vibratory plate compaction in North America, Japan and Europe is described. In Japan, the vibrator is attached to a massive plate and used as a bouncing tamper, operating at a low frequency. In Europe, the vibrator/plate system operates at a higher frequency and may be dynamically tuned by attaching a heavy mass, supported by elastomeric springs. Three case histories are presented where the compaction effect was carefully monitored by site investigations prior to and after treatment. These show that the depth of influence is directly related to the size of the plate. Finally, a recently developed application of the resonance compaction concept is described and illustrated by a case history.