bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Watching and waiting” and “much ado about nothing”? Making sense of the Israeli response to the Arab uprisings
Authors: Beck Martin
Published: November 2016

This article covers Israel’s response to the Arab uprisings. The analysis deals with the issue of both material and immaterial political actions of the Israeli political leadership. A theoretical approach based on “thin rationalism”—actors pursue strategies based on their preferences—encompassing orthodox and heterodox schools of thought of International Relations (Neo-Realism, Institutionalism, Liberalism and a Copenhagen School-inspired concept of international securitization) is developed and applied to the case. The article contributes to the solution of a research puzzle. On the one hand, Israel’s material political action followed a watching-and-waiting approach, as Israel refrained from actively interfering in the domestic affairs of Arab countries highly affected by the Arab uprisings. On the other hand, in terms of political communication, major executive branches of the Israeli state pursued a harsh policy: the “Arab Spring” was presented to the global public as a dangerous threat to Israel’s security. Major results at the empirical level are that Israel—seen through the spectacles of the three orthodox schools of thought—was never seriously threatened by the Arab uprisings, which contributes to explaining why Israel’s material policy was rather equanimous. At the same time, the harsh Israeli policy at the level of political communication is made sense of as a policy that added to Israel’s attempts to legitimize its occupation of Palestine toward the (Western-dominated) international community. At the theoretical level, further application of the securitization approach aimed at the international level is encouraged. This article is published as part of a collection on analyzing security complexes in a changing Middle East.
The EU and the international sanctions against Iran: European and Iranian foreign and security policy interests, and a changing Middle East
Authors: Seeberg Peter
Published: November 2016

In July 2015 an agreement on the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action regarding Iran’s nuclear program was announced between Iran and the permanent members of the UNSC, Germany and the EU. The Iranian decision to comply with the results of the negotiations attracted much focus, both at the policy level and in scholarly debates. However, the foreign and security policy interests and possibilities of Iran in the MENA region have not been discussed very intensively, nor has there been much attention paid to how the international actors and in particular the EU were able to influence the Iranian policies and decisions. This article seeks to take up this challenge: firstly by analyzing to what degree the sanctions influenced the Iranian decisions on the nuclear issue; and secondly, by discussing how the sanctions regime affected the relations between Iran and the international actors, with a specific focus on the EU and the ability of Iran to pursue its foreign policy interests in the Levant and the Gulf. This article is published as part of a collection on analysing security complexes in a changing Middle East.
Turkey’s domestic politics, public opinion and Middle East policy
Authors: Hale William
Published: November 2016

This article looks at the domestic political conditions that help to shape the Turkey’s Middle East policy. The starting point is that the country’s foreign policy is not self-standing or determined solely by external circumstances, but is often affected by domestic divisions that shape party identities. We can classify these into the following categories: first, historically determined cultural and ethnic cleavages; second, public opinion on foreign policy issues; and, third, current domestic policy considerations that have important foreign policy implications. In tackling this agenda, certain restrictions have to be recognised. First, we have virtually no data as regards public attitudes on economic or social issues, so it has not been possible to say anything about these. Second, time series data are unavailable, as public opinion polls have only recently been made available in Turkey. This article is published as part of a collection on analysing security complexes in a changing Middle East.
Optimal decay rates for the compressible viscoelastic flows
Authors: Li Yin , Wei Ruiying , Yao Zheng-an
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we study the compressible viscoelastic flows in three-dimensional whole space. Under the assumption of small initial data, we establish the unique global solution by the energy method. Furthermore, we obtain the time decay rates of the higher-order spatial derivatives of the solution if the initial data belong to L1(ℝ3) additionally.
Sub-T
g features of glasses formed by cooling glycerol under pressure – Additional incompatibility of vibrational with configurational states in the depressurized, high density glass
Authors: Andersson Ove , Johari G. P.
Published: November 2016

The vibrational state of a glass is naturally incompatible with its configurational state, which makes the glass structurally unstable. When a glass is kept at constant temperature, both the vibrational and configurational states of a glass change with time until it becomes metastable (equilibrium) liquid and the two states become compatible. The process, known as structural relaxation, occurs at a progressively higher rate during heating, and the properties of a glass change accordingly. We add to this incompatibility by depressurizing a glass that had been formed by cooling a liquid under a high pressure, p, and then investigate the effects of the added incompatibility by studying thermal conductivity, κ, and the heat capacity per unit volume ρCp of the depressurized glass. We use glycerol for the purpose and study first the changes in the features of κ and of ρCp during glass formation on cooling under a set of different p. We then partially depressurize the glass and study the effect of the p-induced instability on the features of κ and ρCp as the glass is isobarically heated to the liquid state. At a given low p, the glass configuration that was formed by cooling at high-p had a higher κ than the glass configuration that was formed by cooling at a low p. The difference is more when the glass is formed at a higher p and/or is depressurized to a lower p. On heating at a low p, its κ decreases before its glass-liquid transition range is reached. The effect is the opposite of the increase in κ observed on heating a glass at the same p under which it was formed. It is caused by thermally assisted loss of the added incompatibility of configurational and vibrational states of a high-p formed glass kept at low p. If a glass formed under a low-p is pressurized and then heated under high p, it would show the opposite effect, i.e., its κ would first increase to its high p value before its glass-to-liquid transition range.
Dual Langmuir-probe array for 3D plasma studies in TORPEX
Authors: Baquero-Ruiz M. , Avino F. , Chellai O. , Fasoli A. , Furno I. , Jacquier R. , Manke F. , Patrick S.
Published: November 2016

We have designed and installed a new Langmuir-probe (LP) array diagnostic to determine basic three-dimensional (3D) features of plasmas in TORPEX. The diagnostic consists of two identical LP arrays, placed on opposite sides of the apparatus, which provide comprehensive coverage of the poloidal cross section at the two different toroidal locations. Cross correlation studies of signals from the arrays provide a basic way to extract 3D information from the plasmas, as experiments show. Moreover, the remarkable signal-to-noise performance of the front-end electronics allows us to follow a different approach in which we combine information from all probes in both arrays to reconstruct elementary 3D plasma structures at each acquisition time step. Then, through data analysis, we track the structures as they evolve in time. The LP arrays include a linear-motion mechanism that can displace radially the probes located on the low field side for experiments that require fine-tuning of the probe locations, and for operational compatibility with the recently installed in-vessel toroidal conductor.
Full dimension tori of Schrödinger equation
Authors: Xu Xindong , Zhang Dongfeng
Published: November 2016

We explore the structure of the Töplitz–Lipschitz operator [L. H. Eliasson and S. B. Kuksin, Ann. Math. 172, 371–435 (2010)] and define the class of Semi-Töplitz function. We then construct many almost-periodic solutions of the Schrödinger equation with a weak decay operator.
On the impact of adverse pressure gradient on the supersonic turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Wang Qian-Cheng , Wang Zhen-Guo , Zhao Yu-Xin
Published: November 2016

By employing the particle image velocimetry, the mean and turbulent characteristics of a Mach 2.95 turbulent boundary layer are experimentally investigated without the impact of curvature. The physical mechanism with which the streamwise adverse pressure gradient affects the supersonic boundary layer is revealed. The data are compared to that of the concave boundary layer with similar streamwise distributions of wall static pressure to clarify the separate impacts of the adverse pressure gradient and the concave curvature. The logarithmic law is observed to be well preserved for both of the cases. The dip below the logarithmic law is not observed in present investigation. Theoretical analysis indicates that it could be the result of compromise between the opposite impacts of the compression wave and the increased turbulent intensity. Compared to the zero pressure gradient boundary layer, the principal strain rate and the turbulent intensities are increased by the adverse pressure gradient. The shear layer formed due the hairpin packets could be sharpened by the compression wave, which leads to higher principal strain rate and the associated turbulent level. Due to the additional impact of the centrifugal instability brought by the concave wall, even higher turbulent intensities than that of the adverse pressure gradient case are introduced. The existence of velocity modes within the zero pressure gradient boundary layer suggests that the large scale motions are statistically well organized. The generation of new velocity modes due to the adverse pressure gradient indicates that the turbulent structure is changed by the adverse pressure gradient, through which more turbulence production that cannot be effectively predicted by the Reynolds-stress transport equations could be brought.
An instrument for measuring scintillators efficiently based on silicon photomultipliers
Authors: Yang M. J. , Zhang Z. M. , Wang Y. J. , Li D. W. , Zhou W. , Tang H. H. , Liu Y. T. , Chai P. , Shuai L. , Huang X. C. , Liu S. Q. , Zhu M. L. , Jiang X. P. , Zhang Y. W. , Li T. , Ma B. , Sun S. F. , Sun L. Y. , Wang Q. , Lu Z. R. , Zhang T. , Wei L.
Published: November 2016

An instrument used for measuring multiple scintillators’ light output and energy resolution was developed. The instrument consisted of a light sensor array which was composed of 64 discrete SiPMs (Silicon Photomultipliers), a corresponding individual channel readout electronics system, and a data processing algorithm. A Teflon grid and a large interval between adjacent SiPMs were employed to eliminate the optical cross talk among scintillators. The scintillators’ light output was obtained by comparing with a reference sample with known light output. Given the SiPM temperature dependency and the difference among each SiPM, a temperature offset correction algorithm and a non-uniformity correction algorithm were added to the instrument. A positioning algorithm, based on nine points, was designed to evaluate the performance of a scintillator array. Tests were performed to evaluate the instrument’s performance. The uniformity of 64 channels for light output measurement was better than 98%, the stability was better than 98% when temperature varied from 15 °C to 40 °C, and the nonlinearity under 511 keV was better than 2%. This instrument was capable of selecting scintillators and evaluating the packaging technology of scintillator arrays with high efficiency and accuracy.
Effects of nonthermal plasma jet irradiation on the selective production of H2O2 and NO2− in liquid water
Authors: Uchida Giichiro , Nakajima Atsushi , Ito Taiki , Takenaka Kosuke , Kawasaki Toshiyuki , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu , Setsuhara Yuichi
Published: November 2016

We present the effects of the application of a nonthermal plasma jet to a liquid surface on H2O2 and NO2− generation in the liquid. Two distinct plasma irradiation conditions, with plasma contact and with no observable plasma contact with the liquid surface, were precisely compared. When the plasma was made to touch the liquid surface, the H2O2 concentration of the plasma-treated water was much higher than the NO2− concentration. In contrast, when no observable contact of the plasma with the liquid surface occurred, the ratio of the NO2− to H2O2 concentration became over 1 and NO2− became more dominant than H2O2 in the plasma-treated water. Our experiments clearly show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can be selectively produced in liquid using appropriate plasma-irradiation conditions of the liquid surface. The ratio of NO2− to H2O2 was controlled within a wide range of 0.02–1.2 simply by changing the plasma-irradiation distance from the liquid surface.
A perovskite lead-free antiferroelectric xCaHfO3-(1-x) NaNbO3 with induced double hysteresis loops at room temperature
Authors: Gao Lisheng , Guo Hanzheng , Zhang Shujun , Randall Clive A.
Published: November 2016

We demonstrated a new CaHfO3-NaNbO3 solid solution system that allows stable antiferroelectric (AFE) (P) phase to exist under ambient conditions. Based on crystal chemistry viewpoint of relative change of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor (t) and polarizability, two new solid solutions were fabricated using the perovskite end member CaHfO3. It was found that the CaHfO3 effectively stabilized the antiferroelectric (AFE) P phase in NaNbO3. In this article, electrical properties and transmission electron microscopy experiments were conducted to verify the stabilization and enhancement of antiferroelectric behavior over the various solid solutions, where both structural signature of ¼{010} superlattice diffraction reflections and electrical characteristic of double polarization-electric (P-E) hysteresis were observed.
Broadband negative refractive index obtained by plasmonic hybridization in metamaterials
Authors: Nguyen Hien T. , Bui Tung S. , Yan Sen , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Lievens Peter , Vu Lam D. , Janssens Ewald
Published: November 2016

We experimentally demonstrate a broadband negative refractive index (NRI) behavior in combined dimer and fishnet dimer metamaterials operating in the GHz frequency range. The observations can be well explained by a hybridization model and are in agreement with numerical modelling results. Hybridization of the magnetic resonances is obtained by reducing the distance between the layers in the dimer structures. A ratio of the double negative refractive index bandwidth to operational frequency of approximately 10% was achieved in the fishnet dimer. The applicable frequency range of the broadband NRI was shown to scale with the size of the structures from the microwave to the far infrared.
Coupled-cavity-based slow light metamaterials with antireflection structures
Authors: Lee Sun-Goo , Kim Seong-Han , Jung Soo-Yong , Lee Jongjin , Park Jong-Moon , Kee Chul-Sik
Published: November 2016

A slow light metamaterial based on a coupled Fabry-Pérot cavity is proposed and numerically studied using finite-difference time-domain simulations. The coupled cavity-based slow light metamaterial is composed of a periodic array of partial mirrors with low transmittance, i.e., thin metal films perforated with a subwavelength hole array. The tight-binding model is employed to investigate the transmission properties of the coupled-cavity-based metamaterial. It is shown that the group velocities of the slowly propagating modes can be controlled by adjusting the radius of holes in the mirrors. We also show that undesirable reflections at the boundaries of the finite-size metamaterial can be minimized by introducing optimized antireflection structures.
Phase transitions from semiconductive amorphous to conductive polycrystalline in indium silicon oxide thin films
Authors: Mitoma Nobuhiko , Da Bo , Yoshikawa Hideki , Nabatame Toshihide , Takahashi Makoto , Ito Kazuhiro , Kizu Takio , Fujiwara Akihiko , Tsukagoshi Kazuhito
Published: November 2016

The enhancement in electrical conductivity and optical transparency induced by a phase transition from amorphous to polycrystalline in lightly silicon-doped indium oxide (InSiO) thin films is studied. The phase transition caused by simple thermal annealing transforms the InSiO thin films from semiconductors to conductors. Silicon atoms form SiO4 tetrahedra in InSiO, which enhances the overlap of In 5s orbitals as a result of the distortion of InO6 octahedral networks. Desorption of weakly bonded oxygen releases electrons from deep subgap states and enhances the electrical conductivity and optical transparency of the films. Optical absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements reveal that the phase transition causes a Fermi energy shift of ∼0.2 eV.
Weak-strong uniqueness for the isothermal Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Yao Lei , Cui Haibo
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we are concerned with weak-strong uniqueness results for the isothermal Navier-Stokes equations in two space dimension. Using the methods of relative entropy, we obtain some conditions on a weak solution, such as the ones built up by Plotnikov and Weigant [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 47, 626–653 (2015)], so that it is unique.
Analysis of internal reaction and mass transfer of zinc-nickel single flow battery
Authors: Xiao Min , Wang Yucai , Yao Shouguang , Song Yindong , Cheng Jie , He Ke
Published: November 2016

A three-dimensional steady state model of internal reaction and mass transfer has been established for a better understanding of electrochemical performance of zinc-nickel single flow battery (ZNB). Combining with a global kinetic, the model is based on a comprehensive description of mass, momentum, charge for reactions considering the flow between anode and cathode, species transport, and electrochemical reaction between electrodes and electrolyte. This paper emphasizes an internal ion concentration and electrode current density distribution of the ZNB. The effect of channel width and electrolyte flow rate on the electrochemical performance is also studied in the simulation. In addition, the verification of the mathematical model is illustrated by the agreement between the numerical and experimental I–V curves.
Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rumen bypass-fat supplementation on growth, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and carcass traits of lambs
Authors: Bhatt R. S. , Sahoo A. , Karim S. A. , Gadekar Y. P.
Published: November 2016

Forty-eight weaned (3 months of age) lambs were randomly distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial design to assess the effect of rumen bypass-fat (RBF) feeding (with and without) and probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation (with and without) on growth, nutrient utilisation, rumen metabolic profile and carcass traits during the post-weaning phase (3–6 months of age) of life. The four experimental groups, each having 12 lambs (six male and six female), were thus designated as control (C, basic diet without RBF and probiotic), basic diet without RBF but with probiotic (C + P), basic diet with RBF but without probiotic (C + RBF) and basic diet with RBF and probiotic (C + P + RBF). The basic diet consisted of ad libitum concentrates and dry pala (Zizyphus nummularia) leaves. Additionally, each lamb received 500 g of green ardu (Ailanthus excelsa) leaves. The RBF was calcium salt of fatty acids (source: rice bran oil) and fed at 40 g per kg of concentrate and the probiotic was fed at 9.0 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bodyweight. Weekly bodyweights were recorded to assess the growth performance of lambs and revealed significantly (P = 0.026) higher gain in weight and average daily gain in RBF-supplemented groups independent of probiotic supplementation. The intake of concentrate was higher (P = 0.025) in RBF-fed groups and lead to increased (P = 0.028) total daily dry-matter intake and higher (P < 0.05) plane of nutrition (more metabolisable energy and a higher digestible crude protein intake) irrespective of probiotic supplementation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was narrower (P < 0.05) in RBF- and probiotic-supplemented animals. Digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and acid detergent fibre increased and higher nitrogen balance was observed in lambs fed with RBF. Probiotic supplementation showed a positive effect (P < 0.05) on digestibility of acid detergent fibre. Ruminal metabolic profile was assessed at the end of the experimental feeding and it showed higher pH and ciliate protozoa population with RBF, independent of probiotic supplementation. Urinary purine derivatives were measured during the metabolic trial at the end of the experiment, which showed higher allantoin excretion leading to increased microbial nitrogen flow with RBF supplementation. Pre-slaughter weight, loin eye area and lean percentage were higher with a lower bone percentage and cooking loss, showing positive carcass attributes in RBF-fed groups, and the effect of probiotic was non-significant. It is concluded that RBF supplementation enhanced higher intake and utilisation of nutrients that supported improved weight gain, FCR and carcass traits, while Saccharomyces cerevisiae feeding had a positive effect on fibre digestibility and FCR, possibly by modifying the gut environment.
Two native types of phytochrome A, phyAʹ and phyAʺ, differ by the state of phosphorylation at the N-terminus as revealed by fluorescence investigations of the Ser/Ala mutant of rice phyA expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis
Authors: Sineshchekov Vitaly A. , Koppel Larissa A. , Bolle Cordelia
Published: November 2016

Phytochrome A (phyA) mediates different photoresponses what may be connected with the existence of its two types, phyAʹ and phyAʹʹ, differing by spectroscopic, photochemical and functional properties. We investigated a role of phyA phosphorylation in their formation turning to transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) phyA or phyAphyB mutants overexpressing rice wild-type phyA (phyA WT) or mutant phyA (phyA SA) with the first 10 serines substituted by alanines. This prevents phyA phosphorylation at these sites and modifies photoresponses. Etiolated seedlings were employed and phyA parameters were evaluated with the use of low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy and photochemistry. Germination of seeds was induced by white light (WL) pre-treatment for 15 min or 3 h. Emission spectra of rice phyA WT and phyA SA were similar and their total content was comparable. However, the phyAʹ/phyAʹʹ proportion in phyA WT was high and varied with the duration of the WL pre-treatment, whereas in phyA SA it was substantially shifted towards phyAʹʹ and did not depend on the pre-illumination. This suggests that phyA SA comprises primarily or exclusively the phyAʹʹ pool and supports the notion that the two phyA types differ by the state of serine phosphorylation. phyAʹʹ was also found to be much more effective in the germination induction than phyAʹ.
Australian university smoke‐free policy implementation: a staff and student survey
Authors: Guillaumier Ashleigh , Bonevski Billie , Paul Christine , Wiggers John , Germov John , Mitchell Dylan , Bunch Diane
Published: November 2016

Issue addressed

Universities represent important settings for the implementation of public health initiatives such as smoke‐free policies. The study aimed to assess staff and student attitudes towards policy enforcement and compliance as well as the acceptability of the provision of cessation support in this setting.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted following the introduction of a designated‐areas partial smoke‐free policy at two campuses of one Australian university in 2014. Staff (n = 533) and students (n = 3060) completed separate online surveys assessing attitudes towards smoke‐free policy enforcement and compliance, and acceptability of university‐provided cessation support.

Results

Students held significantly stronger beliefs than staff that the smoke‐free policy required staff enforcement (69% vs 60%) and violation penalties (67% vs 60%; both P’s <0.01); however, most staff (66%) did not believe enforcement was part of their role. Only 55% of student smokers were aware that the university provided any cessation support. ‘Free or cheap nicotine replacement therapy’ (65%) and ‘free stop smoking counselling service’ (60%) were the most popular strategies student smokers thought the university should provide.

Conclusions

University staff and students hold conflicting views over the need for policy enforcement and who is responsible for enforcement roles. Students view the university as an acceptable setting for the provision of smoking cessation support.

So what?

Where staff are expected to enforce smoke‐free policies, specific education and training should be provided. Ongoing monitoring of compliance and enforcement behaviour appears necessary to avoid the pervasive kind of non‐compliance to smoke‐free policies that have been seen in other settings.
Chemical immobilisation and rangeland species: assessment of a helicopter darting method for Australian cattle
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Skroblin Anja , De Ridder Tom R. , Perry Andrew L.
Published: November 2016

Chemical immobilisation (darting) is increasingly being used for the capture of rangeland animals. The aim of the present study was to assess a newly developed helicopter-based chemical immobilisation method for free-ranging Australian rangeland cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Eighteen cattle were darted from a helicopter in north-western Australia in September 2015 using a combination of xylazine and ketamine, partially reversed with yohimbine. Following a recently published framework for assessing helicopter darting methods, we quantified several animal welfare measures designed to quantify the severity and duration of stress imposed by the procedures. The duration of the procedures was generally short (median total duration 41 min), but for 33% of animals total duration exceeded 60 min. Although the sample size was small, mortality rate on the day of capture was 17% (three animals) and 28% (five animals) required physical restraint to achieve recumbency. We describe this newly developed method and discuss its relatively poor animal welfare outcomes compared with other validated helicopter darting methods. Legislation restricts veterinary chemicals that may be used for food-producing species in many countries, including Australia. Chemical immobilisation regimens other than the one chosen in the present study may produce superior animal welfare outcomes but would not be compliant with legislation in Australia. As a result of these restrictions, we suggest that development of an improved helicopter darting method for Australian cattle may prove difficult. Rangeland managers should carefully consider animal welfare impacts before undertaking chemical immobilisation programs, especially for food-producing species.
Planar cell polarity signaling in the uterus directs appropriate positioning of the crypt for embryo implantation
Authors: Yuan Jia , Cha Jeeyeon , Deng Wenbo , Bartos Amanda , Sun Xiaofei , Ho Hsin-Yi Henry , Borg Jean-Paul , Yamaguchi Terry P. , Yang Yingzi , Dey Sudhansu K.
Published: November 2016

Significance

Blastocyst implantation is a complex process that coordinates reciprocal embryo–uterine interactions. The uterus is demarcated by mesometrial (A)–antimesometrial (AM) domains; implantation occurs at regularly spaced intervals along the longitudinal axis of the AM pole, within specialized implantation chambers (crypts). The organized crypt formation in the rodent uterus was first observed in 1901, but the mechanism driving this phenomenon remained unknown. We found that planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling coordinates luminal epithelial evaginations toward the AM domain to form crypts for embryo homing and implantation in mice. Disruption of PCP signaling by inactivation of Vang-like protein 2, but not Vang-like protein 1, in the uterus disturbs the regular formation of epithelial evaginations and crypts, disrupting implantation and decidualization and severely compromising pregnancy outcomes.
Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications
Authors: Yu Anthony C. , Chen Haoxuan , Chan Doreen , Agmon Gillie , Stapleton Lyndsay M. , Sevit Alex M. , Tibbitt Mark W. , Acosta Jesse D. , Zhang Tony , Franzia Paul W. , Langer Robert , Appel Eric A.
Published: November 2016

Significance

Many industrial applications often require, or would benefit greatly from, “smart” materials with complex viscoelastic properties. Traditional materials often fail to adapt or respond to changing environmental conditions, limiting their use in many industrial applications that require flow, injection or spraying, or are prepared from starting materials that are too expensive, poorly scalable, or toxic to people or the environment. Here, we exploit biomimetic multivalent noncovalent interactions to build fully scalable hydrogel materials with complex viscoelastic properties from renewable and environmentally benign materials. These low-cost, safe materials have the potential to enable novel applications; here we use them for pipeline maintenance in food and beverage manufacturing and as carriers to enhance the utility of fire retardants in fighting wildland fires.
A historiographical approach to Hong Kong Occupy
Authors: Flowerdew John
Published: November 2016

This article is conceptualised within the framework of a historiographical approach to critical discourse analysis (Flowerdew 2012). It focusses on a critical moment in Hong Kong’s socio-political development, the Occupy movement, and a specific language event, an interview on a local Hong Kong English-language television programme discussing the rationale for the movement. A micro-analysis of the interaction focusses on important features of the historical context, intertextual links, the backgrounds and the roles of the participants, and the argumentations strategies used by them. The article shows how a focus on a critical moment in discourse can shed light on the bigger socio-political picture and how arguments regarding particular topics may reflect larger ideological struggles, the political agendas of different groups, and the ways arguments are constructed dialogically in response not only to the words of interlocutors, but also in relation to prior (and future) discourses.
Discursive construction of the ‘key’ moment in the Umbrella Movement
Authors: Bhatia Aditi
Published: November 2016

A mass civil disobedience movement brought Hong Kong’s key business and commercial districts to a standstill in September 2014 when low-key class boycotts coalesced into a wide-scale social movement propelled by thousands of people who flocked to the support of student protestors after an ‘unwarranted’ 87 rounds of tear gas were fired by the police. This paper will explore the discursive construction of thiskey precipitant(Kimmel 1990), that is a ‘key’ moment, which recontextualised an on-going universal suffrage campaign into an historical event that allowed, “deeply seated structural forces to emerge as politically potent and begin to mobilize potential discontents” (Kimmel 1990, 9-10). Drawing on the multi-perspective framework of the Discourse of Illusion (Bhatia 2015a) the paper will analyse this key ‘moment’ in Hong Kong’s local memory, which represented one unitary moment of change that transformed the intended course of events. The Discourse of Illusion in this respect will draw on three interrelated components: historicity (one’shabitusas key to the creation of discursive illusions, dealing as it does with the growth and change of perceptions over time); linguistic and semiotic action (subjective conceptualisations of the world give rise to one’s linguistic and semiotic actions, often through dominant metaphorical rhetoric); and the degree of social impact (as language and actions of individuals and groups engender many categories and stereotypes).
Evidentiary video and “Professional Vision” in the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement
Authors: Jones Rodney H. , Hang Li Neville Chi
Published: November 2016

The video documentation of police violence against citizens, and the circulation of these videos over mainstream and social media, has played an important part in many contemporary social movements, from the Black Lives Matter Movement in the U.S. to the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Such videos serve as both evidence of police abuses and discursive artefacts around which viewers build bodies of shared knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about events through engaging in exercises of “collective seeing”. This article analyses the way a video of police officers beating a handcuffed protester, which became an important symbol of the excessive use of force by police during the Occupy Hong Kong protests, was interpreted by different communities, including journalists, protesters, anti-protest groups, and law enforcement officials, and how these collective acts of interpretation served as a means for members of these communities to display group membership and reinforce group norms and ideological values.
Itineraries of protest signage
Authors: Lou Jackie Jia , Jaworski Adam
Published: November 2016

The pro-democracy occupation of three commercial and retail areas in Hong Kong that lasted over two months in the fall of 2014 – known as the Umbrella Movement – created a myth of Utopia (Barthes 1984 [1954]). In this paper, we track the itineraries (Scollon 2008) and resemiotizations (Iedema 2003) of the protest signage to show how they mythologized the Movement by “branding space”, “regulating and disciplining actions”, and “unifying the voice of protest”. We argue that the semiotic processes and effects involved in the emplacement and widespread distribution of the protest signage were not only key in the mobilization during the Movement but also the emergence and reinforcement of a “new” Hongkonger identity in the long run.
Professional Identity Constructions of Indian Women
Authors: Sandhu Priti
Published: November 2016

This book analyzes the narratives of urban, North Indian women for the diverse ways in which they construct the impact of their medium of education – Hindi, English, or a combination of both – on varied aspects of their professional and personal lives. It examines how participants reinforce or interrogate firmly entrenched power heirarchies that have long elevated English in India. Adopting a social constructionist perspective, and treating oral narratives as impacted both by local interactional contingencies and by larger social contexts, this book provides an innovative framework for the analysis of narratives told in qualitative research interviews. Stylization, mock languages, similes and metaphors, reported speech, and varied interactional cues are some of the devices used to examine the intersectioanlity of power and identity within participants’ oral narratives.The book will be of interest to scholars and students of narrative analysis, gender and identity studies, postcolonialism, and professional identity constructions of women.
Contribution of Nursery Areas to the Adult Population of Atlantic Menhaden
Authors: Anstead Kristen A. , Schaffler Jason J. , Jones Cynthia M.
Published: November 2016

Much is known about the life history of the Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, and yet the impact of multiple nursery grounds on population structure remains a central challenge in understanding this species. Historic estimates hypothesized that the Chesapeake Bay is the predominant contributor of new recruits (age 1) to the adult stock, but no research has been done on which nursery grounds support the adult stock. In this study, we used previously established chemical signatures from juvenile otoliths to evaluate the natal origin of adult Atlantic Menhaden (ages 2–4) that correspond to the 2008–2010 year‐classes. We found that, on average across ages, the northeastern, Chesapeake Bay, and southeastern nursery grounds each contribute about 30% of the recruits that persist into older age‐classes and that over the 3 years of the study the proportion of nursery contributions from each nursery was relatively stable. This has repercussions for the fishery, as most fish ages 2–3 are fully mature and thus comprise the majority of the spawning biomass as well as the commercial landings in recent years. In addition to identifying regions that are essential for the persistence of this species, these results suggest that productive nurseries are related to age‐ and size‐dependent migration as well as physical conditions in the ocean.

Received May 6, 2016; accepted August 31, 2016 Published online November 29, 2016
Absorptivity and purification of La in as-cast pure copper
Authors: Chen Y. , Li H. H. , Zhang S. H. , Cheng M. , Song H. W. , Liu J. S.
Published: November 2016

Cu-La alloys with various additions of La were prepared in a vacuum electric furnace. The effects of La additions on the absorptivity and purification of La in as-cast pure copper were investigated. The results show that the absorptivity of La increases with increasing additions. However, this is as a result of reactions with impurity elements in the copper and further oxidation in the atmosphere. Meanwhile, the addition of La further reduces the contents of impurity elements such as Si, Pb and S, and purifies liquid copper more effectively, which can help to improve the mechanical properties of as-cast pure copper. However, excessive rare earth element additions can lead to decreases in elongation due to the excessive formation of intermetallic compounds.

This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Brass Alloys.
Predicting Young Adults’ Risk for Engaging in Prescription Drug Misuse in Daily Life from Individual, Partner, and Relationship Factors
Authors: Papp Lauren M. , Kouros Chrystyna D.
Published: November 2016

Background: Mounting evidence based on retrospective and global assessments has established associations between prescription drug misuse and illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, mental health problems, risky sexual behaviors, and overdose deaths. However, there is a notable absence of identified risk and protective factors for an individual's likelihood of engaging in misuse in real-world environments. Methods: Using an experience sampling approach, the authors collected repeated moments of young adults’ ( n = 95 participants drawn from 49 romantic couples) prescription drug misuse instances in daily life and tested multiple factors associated with the misuse. Results: When examined in separate multilevel models, individual and relationship factors (but not partner factors) reliably predicted the likelihood of females’ and males’ prescription drug misuse in daily life. Specifically, females’ elevated dysphoria symptoms, alcohol problems, and relationship closeness were linked with an increased likelihood of misuse, whereas cohabiting decreased the likelihood of their misuse. Males’ higher levels of illicit drug use and relationship closeness were associated with increased likelihood of misuse, whereas their dysphoria symptoms were related to a lower likelihood of misuse. When examined in models that considered the predictors simultaneously, females’ misuse was associated with individual, partner, and relationship factors, whereas males’ misuse was not reliably associated with any of the factors. Conclusions: An experience sampling approach was effective for the near-real-time assessment of young adults’ prescription drug misuse in daily environments, and the likelihood of misuse was associated with risk and protective factors from multiple levels of influence. Education and treatment efforts designed to reduce prescription drug misuse may need to be tailored to accommodate males’ and females’ distinct predictors of misuse.
Factors Associated with Substance use in Older Homeless Adults: Results from the HOPE HOME Study
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A. , Ponath Claudia , Tieu Lina , Hurstak Emily E. , Guzman David , Kushel Margot
Published: November 2016

Background: The median age of the single adult homeless population is 50 and rising. Although the prevalence of substance use decreases as individuals age, older adults now have a higher prevalence of substance use than older adults did 10 years ago. Homeless individuals have a higher prevalence of substance use disorders than the general population. However, little is known about substance use in older homeless adults. Methods: The objective of the study was to examine prevalence of and factors associated with substance use in a population-based sample ( N = 350) of homeless individuals aged 50 and older in Oakland, California. Dependent variables included moderate or greater severity illicit drug symptoms (Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) score >3) and moderate or greater alcohol symptoms (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score >7). Independent variables included demographics, mental health problems, and negative life course events such as physical and sexual abuse, school expulsion, and onset of homelessness. Results: Almost two thirds of participants, 64.6%, had moderate or greater severity symptoms for at least 1 illicit drug; 25.8% had moderate or greater severity alcohol symptoms. History of psychiatric hospitalization was associated with moderate or greater illicit drug symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.9, 1.0–3.6). The presence of major depressive symptoms was associated with moderate or greater severity alcohol symptoms (AOR = 1.8, 1.1–3.0). Conclusions: In this sample of older homeless adults, substance use is common. There is a need for substance use treatment programs, integrated with mental health services, which are targeted towards the needs of older homeless adults.
Promoting assessment for learning through curriculum‐based performance standards: teacher responses in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Fenwick Lisl
Published: November 2016

Governments in Australia claim that standards‐based reforms to schooling will result in greater use of assessment for and as learning. This study analyses the assessment practices that evolved within the planned curricula for senior secondary schooling in the Northern Territory of Australia during standards‐based reforms. Case‐study methodology was used, with each of the six teachers participating forming one case. The data collected and analysed included the texts created by the six participating teachers from a range of subject areas as they planned to enact the new curriculum. Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with each of the six teachers. The findings indicate that the inclusion of subject‐based performance standards in the curriculum for senior schooling did not result in teachers planning a curriculum that included assessment practices for actively engaging students in learning.
Validating curriculum development using text mining
Authors: West Jason
Published: November 2016

Interdisciplinarity requires the collaboration of two or more disciplines to combine their expertise to jointly develop and deliver learning and teaching outcomes appropriate for a subject area. Curricula and assessment mapping are critical components to foster and enhance interdisciplinary learning environments. Emerging careers in data science and machine learning coupled with the necessary graduate outcomes mandate the need for a truly interdisciplinary pedagogical approach. The challenges for emerging academic disciplines such as data science and machine learning center on the need for multiple fields to coherently develop university‐level curricula. Using text mining, we empirically analyze the breadth and depth of existing tertiary‐level curricula to quantify patterns in curricula through the use of surface and deep cluster analysis. This approach helps educators validate the breadth and depth of a proposed curriculum relative to the broad evolution of data science as a discipline.
Final report of CCAUV.V-K3: key comparison in the field of acceleration on the complex charge sensitivity
Authors: Qiao Sun , Lifeng Yang , Bartoli Claire , Veldman Ian , Ripper Gustavo P , Bruns Thomas , Licht Torben Rask , Kolasa Joanna , Hof Christian , Pineda Guillermo Silva , Dickinson Laurence , Ota Akihiro , Cheung Wan Sup , Yankovsky Alexander , Shan Cui
Published: November 2016

This is the final report for CIPM key comparison CCAUV.V-K3 in the area of 'vibration' (quantity of acceleration). The aim of this comparison was to measure the voltage sensitivity of one accelerometer standard set with primary means at 27 frequencies from 0.1 Hz to 40 Hz. Fourteen Metrology Institutes from five RMOs have participated in the comparison with National Institute of Metrology, P.R. China as pilot lab and Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais and National Metrology Institute of South Africa as co-pilot labs. One quartz-flexure servo accelerometer of single-ended type and a signal conditioner was circulated among the participants. All but one of the participating laboratories provided their calibration results, which were mostly consistent within their declared expanded uncertainties for magnitude results. Only two participants failed to contribute to the KCRV values calculated for five frequencies. For phase shift, three participants could not contribute to the calculation of the KCRV values in a total of sixteen frequencies. This first low-frequency vibration key comparison revealed the current calibration capabilities of the fourteen participants of five RMOs.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCAUV, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
ontologyX: a suite of R packages for working with ontological data
Authors: Greene Daniel , Richardson Sylvia , Turro Ernest
Published: November 2016

Ontologies are widely used constructs for encoding and analyzing biomedical data, but the absence of simple and consistent tools has made exploratory and systematic analysis of such data unnecessarily difficult. Here we present three packages which aim to simplify such procedures. The ontologyIndex package enables arbitrary ontologies to be read into R, supports representation of ontological objects by native R types, and provides a parsimonius set of performant functions for querying ontologies. ontologySimilarity and ontologyPlot extend ontologyIndex with functionality for straightforward visualization and semantic similarity calculations, including statistical routines.

Availability and Implementation

ontologyIndex, ontologyPlot and ontologySimilarity are all available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network website under https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Transient Myocarditis Associated With Acute Zika Virus Infection
Authors: Aletti Marc , Lecoules Stephane , Kanczuga Vincent , Soler Charles , Maquart Marianne , Simon Fabrice , Leparc-Goffart Isabelle
Published: November 2016

Zika virus outbreak is spreading in the Americas. This emerging infection is associated with neurological complication. We report the first travel-acquired Zika acute infection complicated with myocarditis imported to mainland France. We recommend an electrocardiogram and troponin if any cardiac symptoms are present in a patient with acute Zika infection.