bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Fetuin‐A and Electrolytes in the Etiology of Sialolithiasis
Authors: Demirhan Hasan , Yıldız Muhammet , Çelebi Özlem Önerci , Baz Şehide , İnal Berrin Berçik , Yiğit Özgür
Published: March 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate serum and saliva fetuin‐A, protein, and electrolyte levels in patients with sialolithiasis.

Study Design

Prospective randomized controlled study.

Setting

Tertiary center.

Subjects and Methods

Twenty patients with recurrent sialadenitis secondary to submandibular salivary gland stones and 20 asymptomatic healthy volunteers without salivary gland stones were included in the study. Bimanual palpation and ultrasonography were performed in the patient and control groups. The electrolyte, protein, and fetuin‐A levels of the serum and saliva were measured.

Results

The serum calcium, phosphorus, and potassium levels of the patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (respectively, P =. 04, P =. 01, P =. 04). There was no statistically significant difference between the serum fetuin‐A levels of the 2 groups (P =. 06). The saliva phosphorus values of the patients were higher than those of the control group (P =. 05), as were their saliva fetuin‐A and total protein values (P =. 001, P =. 01). A positive correlation was determined between the saliva fetuin‐A levels and the saliva phosphorus and potassium levels of the patients (P =. 04, P =. 02). The magnesium level, which has been argued to be a factor in the prevention of calcification, showed an increased correlation with the total protein in the patient group (P =. 02).

Conclusion

It is possible that the high levels of saliva fetuin‐A, total protein, and phosphorus with insufficient of saliva magnesium levels may make a contribution to the formation of sialoliths.
Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the United States: implications for the perfusion profession. A 2017 update
Authors: Sistino Joseph J. , Fitzgerald David C.
Published: March 2017

Introduction:

By analyzing epidemiological trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD), key stakeholders can make informed decisions on the future of disease burden and treatment. Accordingly, the cardiovascular perfusion community would benefit from data that would help predict future professional resource utilization.

Methods:

In 2003, the changes in the number of hospital discharges for CVD from 1990 to 2000 were published, based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). In this study, the NCHS database was reviewed, as well as other resources, to compile the procedure data.

Results:

Deaths due to heart disease and the number of hospital admissions for CVD have decreased over the last decade in contrast to the previous decade. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac catheterization and angioplasty rates have also decreased. However, the percentage of the population older than 65 years of age is increasing at a much faster rate than the population growth in general. As a result, there has been a consistent increase in cardiac services utilization, such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), ventricular assist devices and extracorporeal life support (ECLS).

Conclusions:

There are many different factors affecting the need for perfusionists in the future. An increasing and aging population with a higher prevalence of CVD, an increased number of hospitals offering cardiovascular services and increased access to care increases the need for perfusion services. It is important for the perfusion profession to follow these changing trends in CVD and treatment in order to plan for the future.
Studying Guilt Perception in Millennials
Authors: Cothran D. Lisa , Stepanova Elena V. , Barlow K. Raquel
Published: March 2017

The present study explored mock jurors’ guilt judgments with a 2 (Jurors’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Race: Black vs. White) × 2 (Suspects’ Attractiveness: High vs. Low) design in a group of Millennials ( N = 331). Black jurors were more lenient; all jurors were more lenient toward Black suspects; and White jurors were less lenient toward Black unattractive suspects. The current study contributes the following novel findings to the literature: documentation of a possible Black experimenter effect in mock jurors; an interaction among suspects’ race, suspects’ attractiveness, and jurors’ race, suggesting that racial bias exhibited by White jurors may be masking itself as an unattractiveness bias; and additive empathy by Black jurors toward persons who fall within more than one underprivileged group.
Geometric Regularity, Symmetry and the Perceived Beauty of Simple Shapes
Authors: Friedenberg Jay
Published: March 2017

Geometric regularity is introduced as a simplicity metric for understanding the esthetics of basic polygons. In Experiment 1, undergraduates rated the perceived beauty of triangles varying in geometric regularity defined by their side-length standard deviation. Each type of triangle was used: equilateral, isosceles, right, and scalene. Ratings increased with an increase in regularity and were highest for symmetric shapes. The results were replicated in a second experiment using each type of quadrilateral: square, rectangle, parallelogram, rhombus, kite, isosceles, and trapezoid. Although ratings in Experiment 2 also increased with regularity, symmetry did not perfectly predict ranked order of preference. Symmetry, partial symmetry, and familiarity are discussed as factors that can account for the results. On the basis of the shapes used in this study, we conclude that simplicity in the form of geometric regularity is usually but not always preferred.
Eccentric Training for Tendon Healing After Acute Lesion: A Rat Model
Authors: Kaux Jean-François , Libertiaux Vincent , Leprince Pierre , Fillet Marianne , Denoel Vincent , Wyss Clémence , Lecut Christelle , Gothot André , Le Goff Caroline , Croisier Jean-Louis , Crielaard Jean-Michel , Drion Pierre
Published: March 2017

Background:

The tendon is a dynamic entity that remodels permanently. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection has been shown to have a beneficial effect on tendon healing after lesion in rats. Furthermore, eccentric exercise seems to improve the mechanical quality of the tendon.

Hypothesis:

A combination of PRP injection and eccentric training might be more effective than either treatment alone.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Adult male rats were anesthetized, an incision was performed in the middle of their left patellar tendon and an injection of physiological fluid (PF) or homologous PRP was randomly made at the lesion level. The rats were then divided into 2 groups: the eccentric group, undergoing eccentric training 3 times a week, and the untrained group, without any training. Thus, 4 groups were compared. After 5 weeks, the tendons were removed and their ultimate tensile strength and energy were measured. Tendons were frozen for proteomic analyses when all biomechanical tests were completed. Statistical analysis was performed with linear mixed effect models.

Results:

No significant difference was found between the treatments using PF injection or PRP injection alone. However, the value of the ultimate tensile force at rupture was increased by 4.5 N (108% of control, P = .006) when eccentric training was performed. An intragroup analysis revealed that eccentric training significantly improved the ultimate force values for the PRP group. Proteomic analysis revealed that eccentric training led to an increase in abundance of several cytoskeletal proteins in the PF group, while a decrease in abundance of enzymes of the glycolytic pathway occurred in the PRP-treated groups, indicating that this treatment might redirect the exercise-driven metabolic plasticity of the tendon.

Conclusion:

Eccentric training altered the metabolic plasticity of tendon and led to an improvement of injured tendon resistance regardless of the treatment injected (PF or PRP).

Clinical Relevance:

This study demonstrates the necessity of eccentric rehabilitation and training in cases of tendon lesion regardless of the treatment carried out.
Side effects and their impact on the success of milk oral immunotherapy (OIT) in children
Authors: Mori Francesca , Cianferoni Antonella , Brambilla Alice , Barni Simona , Sarti Lucrezia , Pucci Neri , de Martino Maurizio , Novembre Elio
Published: March 2017

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been introduced as a new immune-modulating treatment under investigation for food allergies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the success of OIT in a cohort of children with milk allergy. These children underwent OIT in a clinical practice and were followed for up to ten years. The secondary endpoint was to describe the main adverse events during OIT and compare them to those reported in the literature.

Eighty-two milk-allergic children started OIT. According to the OIT endpoint reached after one year, all of the children enrolled in the study were divided into four groups: complete desensitization; partial desensitization; step down; and stop groups. Any adverse events that occurred during OIT were also recorded.

Of the 82 patients, eight were recruited in the last months of 2010 so they were still ongoing at the end of the study. For that reason, they were excluded from the analysis. The majority (73%) of the 74 children evaluated (51 boys, 23 girls; median age, 7 years; age range, 2–18 years; specific serum IgE for cow’s milk, 36 KUA/L [range, 3–100 KUA/L]; milk SPT wheal diameter, 7 mm [range, 2–15 mm]) reached complete (58.1%) or partial (14.9%) desensitization, 9.4% were subjected to step down. The remaining 17.6% of the children discontinued OIT because of the occurrence of chronic gastroenteric (GE) symptoms (46.1%) or acute asthma (15.3%) following milk intake.

In agreement with the literature, we found that chronic GE symptoms was the main reason for OIT discontinuation. OIT represents a valid tool for the treatment of food allergies in children; however, the risk of potential adverse reactions, both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated, should be discussed with parents prior to the initiation of OIT.
Renal Function, Weaning, and Survival in Patients With Ventilator-Dependent Respiratory Failure
Authors: Datta Debapriya , Foley Raymond J. , Wu Rong , Grady James , Scalise Paul
Published: March 2017

Background:

Acute kidney injury in acute critical illness has been associated with poor weaning and survival outcomes. The relation between renal dysfunction as defined by creatinine clearance (CrCl) and weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the relation of measured CrCl to weaning and survival in patients on PMV.

Methods:

We retrospectively studied 167 patients on PMV admitted to a long-term acute care facility for weaning over a 3-year period. Data obtained included age, gender, admission blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, CrCl, random urine creatinine (RUCr), and 24-hour urinary creatinine (24UCr). Renal dysfunction was defined as normal (CrCl > 90 mL/min), mild (CrCl 60-90 mL/min), moderate (CrCl 30-59 mL/min), and severe (CrCl < 30 mL/min). Primary outcome measured was liberation from PMV, defined as being off ventilator for >7 days. Survival, defined as being alive at discharge, time to wean, and time to discharge alive were secondary outcomes. The association between the studied parameters and outcomes was determined by unpaired t test. The predictive value of studied parameters for weaning and survival was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. P < .05 was statistically significant.

Results:

Mean age was 68.5 (14) years; 49% were males; 64% were liberated and 65.8% survived. Blood urea nitrogen, RUCr, 24Ucr, and CrCl had a significant association with successful weaning. These parameters (except BUN) also had a significant association with survival. A better outcome occurred with CrCl > 90 mL/min.

Conclusion:

Measured CrCl has a significant relation to successful weaning and survival in patients on PMV and may be useful in prognosticating their outcome.
Examining the Role of Ethnic Identity and Meaning in Life on Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy
Authors: Lewis Jioni A. , Raque-Bogdan Trisha L. , Lee Sharon , Rao Mrinalini A.
Published: March 2017

In emerging adulthood, establishing a sense of self and life meaning is a key developmental task for career development. This study examined the role of ethnic identity and meaning in life in career decision self-efficacy (CDSE) among African American, Asian American, and White incoming, first-year, college students ( n = 2,470). Using hierarchical multiple regression analysis, we found that ethnic identity and meaning in life predicted between 14% and 26% of the variance in CDSE for African American, Asian American, and White students. Mediation analyses for each ethnic group revealed that the presence of life meaning mediated the relations between ethnic identity and CDSE. Ethnic identity appears to be associated with positive career development, in part, through the cultivation of life meaning for ethnically diverse college students. Implications for research and career counseling with ethnically diverse college students are discussed.
Novel polycondensation method of improving high-temperature properties of microheterogeneous rolivsan copolymers modified by inserting epoxy and imide bridges between spherical microdomains
Authors: Zaitsev Boris A , Shvabskaya Irina D , Kleptsova Larisa G
Published: March 2017

Rolivsan thermosetting resins (ROLs) (low-viscosity solvent-free compositions including (di)vinylaromatic ethers and thermosensitive (di)methacrylates) were modified by low amounts of polyfunctional compounds (epoxy resins (ERs) and aromatic diamines (DAs)). Thermochemical transformations in modified ROLs give novel glassy densely cross-linked copolymers with increased high-temperature strength and thermo-oxidative stability. It was revealed that copolymers obtained at different ROLs/ERs and ROLs/DA mixing ratios (which were varied over a wide range) and different heat treatment regimes have various compositions, cross-link densities, chemical, topological, and morphological structures. Structural features of these copolymers were studied by Infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical, thermal, and elemental analyses; the temperature dependences of flexural strength were also obtained. Morphological pattern of the cured ROLs is typical of microheterogeneous polymers where spherical highly cross-linked microdomains (polymer grains) with high Tg are weakly bound by less densely cross-linked defective (intergrain) polymer layers with lower Tg. On the basis of the data obtained in the studies of thermochemical transformations in ROLs/ERs and ROLs/DA blends, the new approach to improving thermal stability and heat resistance of thermosetting resins was developed. We suggest using intergrain layers in microheterogeneous cross-linked polymers as “microreactors” which include target polyfunctional compounds for various high-temperature polymerization and polycondensation reactions.
Optimization of a turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system for a Miller cycle engine
Authors: He Yongsheng , Sun David , Liu Jim , Zhu Bin
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the design optimization of a compound boosting system consisting of a turbocharger and a supercharger for a 2.0 l four-cylinder Miller cycle engine which has a high expansion ratio of 12.0:1 and variable valve actuation. Various system configurations and supercharger sizes were evaluated numerically and experimentally to reduce the supercharger power consumption and the engine fuel consumption while maintaining the same engine torque performance in steady-state conditions. The supercharger–turbocharger boosting system with a V400 supercharger showed an average engine fuel consumption that was 2.8% lower in boosted conditions than did the turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with the same V400 supercharger; this was predicted by engine cycle simulations and verified by experiments. When the supercharger was placed upstream of the turbocharger, the supercharger inlet pressure was lower and the total mass flow rate through the supercharger was reduced, which reduced the supercharger power consumption and the bypass air flow. The turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a smaller supercharger (R340 or V250) significantly improved the engine efficiency (by 3.3% or 5.0% respectively in comparison with the turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a V400 supercharger), by reducing the mass air flow rates through the supercharger and minimizing the supercharger power consumption. The turbocharger–supercharger boosting system with a V250 supercharger achieved the lowest engine fuel consumption in full-load conditions of all the turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system options evaluated for the 2.0 l Miller cycle engine on the basis of the simulation results. This study defined the optimal system layout and the optimal supercharger size for implementing the turbocharger and supercharger compound boosting system on a 2.0 l Miller cycle spark ignition engine to maximize the improvement in the fuel economy of the vehicle while maintaining the same torque performance.
The role of collective bargaining in addressing flexibility and security
Authors: Paolucci Valentina
Published: March 2017

This article examines the role of collective bargaining in addressing flexibility and security in the chemical and pharmaceutical sector in Italy and Denmark. My multi-level and comparative focus on collective bargaining highlights that sector-level industrial relations institutions account for a considerable degree of within-country homogeneity in the content of company agreements over issues of flexibility and security. Moreover, it shows that the degree of company-level heterogeneity is conditioned primarily by firm-level contingencies: union representation and organizational characteristics. This means that at company level, both institutional and non-institutional structures are important explanatory variables.
The Mysterious Case of Disappearing Family Law and the Shrinking Vulnerable Subject
Authors: Mant Jess , Wallbank Julie
Published: March 2017

This article seeks to critically examine the implications that the new eligibility requirements for legal aid as implemented by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 are having on the ways in which private family law governs families. It makes use of a theoretical lens drawn from the work of Valverde (2009, 2014a, 2014b) on ‘jurisdiction’ to map the shift that has taken place within family law as a result of the political boundary that the act has drawn between ‘vulnerable’ litigants eligible for legal aid and the rest of families engaging with private family law, for whom self-sufficiency and responsibility is encouraged and expected. It argues that in reserving legal aid for a narrow group of vulnerable litigants, the formal scale of family law has shrunk, there being at the same time an increased reliance on more informal sources of law such as advice-based resources. This has led to a diversification of formal and informal scales of governance which operate according to different ‘logics’, which impact negatively on access to family justice for families from various backgrounds and circumstances. The article concludes with a call for family law researchers to be mindful of the need to look at both formal and more informal sources of family law in order to fully appreciate developments within the jurisdiction, particularly pernicious ones, and to be able to respond to them appropriately.
Humanitarian Innovations and Material Returns: Valuation, Bio-financialisation and Radical Politics
Authors: Agathangelou Anna M.
Published: March 2017

This article critically examines the global humanitarian innovation movement by conjuncting it with the stem cell biotech sector to trace how in the assemblage of matter and code conflicts emerge about notions of suffering, pain, enhancement as well as markets that alter the very material forms of life and economy. In the first section, I look at two things simultaneously: a bio-humanitarian project—the Cypriot search for and DNA identification of the post-war missing—and clinical trials performed by the biotech corporate sector. I trace their respective methods of value and valuation as not only dependent social molecuralised practices but also as translation technologies of kinship, creation of new notions of life and death and governance. In the second section, I take a close look at the emergence of humanitarian and clinical labour as a global assemblage to show how humanitarian organisations and transnational corporations orient themselves towards certain labour assemblages in the search ‘anywhere’ to learn about, borrow and translate technologies supporting the ‘business’ of empire. I finish with broader theoretical implications of the humanitarian work post war and the clinical labour of patients in stem cell therapies.
From Games to Gamification: A Classification of Rewards in World of Warcraft for the Design of Gamified Systems
Authors: Rapp Amon
Published: March 2017

Background. Gamification commonly uses a limited set of design elements to enhance applications and services in a variety of contexts, such as learning, health and work. However, gamification techniques are based on well-established design practices and rarely new game elements are added to the catalogue available to gamification designers.

Aim. This article enriches such catalogue by taking inspiration from WORLD OF WARCRAFT (WoW). Specifically, it focuses on WoW’s rewards to show how games are capable of creating complex and diversified design elements that may have different impacts on players.

Method. Through an ethnographic study, this article defines a classification of WoW’s rewards based on the values that players ascribe to them, as well as on the effects that such incentives produce on players’ experience.

Results. Starting from these findings, the article describes a series of design considerations for using rewards in different application fields, such as learning and behavior change.

Conclusions. The considerations can be usefully applied to the gamification domain, as well as to the design of games with serious purposes.
Evaluation of Fibular Fracture Type vs Location of Tibial Fixation of Pilon Fractures
Authors: Busel Gennadiy A. , Watson J. Tracy , Israel Heidi
Published: March 2017

Background:

Comminuted fibular fractures can occur with pilon fractures as a result of valgus stress. Transverse fibular fractures can occur with varus deformation. No definitive guide for determining the proper location of tibial fixation exists. The purpose of this study was to identify optimal plate location for fixation of pilon fractures based on the orientation of the fibular fracture.

Methods:

One hundred two patients with 103 pilon fractures were identified who were definitively treated at our institution from 2004 to 2013. Pilon fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification and included 43-A through 43-C fractures. Inclusion criteria were age of at least 18 years, associated fibular fracture, and definitive tibial plating. Patients were grouped based on the fibular component fracture type (comminuted vs transverse), and the location of plate fixation (medial vs lateral) was noted. Radiographic outcomes were assessed for mechanical failures.

Results:

Forty fractures were a result of varus force as evidenced by transverse fracture of the fibula and 63 were due to valgus force with a comminuted fibula. For the transverse fibula group, 14.3% mechanical complications were noted for medially placed plate vs 80% for lateral plating ( P = .006). For the comminuted fibular group, 36.4% of medially placed plates demonstrated mechanical complications vs 16.7% for laterally based plates ( P = .156). Time to weight bearing as tolerated was also noted to be significant between groups plated medially and laterally for the comminuted group ( P = .013).

Conclusions:

Correctly assessing the fibular component for pilon fractures provides valuable information regarding deforming forces. To limit mechanical complications, tibial plates should be applied in such a way as to resist the original deforming forces.

Level of Evidence

Level III, comparative study.
Ineffective Masculinity
Authors: Palmer Jamie L.
Published: March 2017

Advancing literature on Cuban–American relations through an analysis grounded in hegemonic and relational, or “subordinate” masculinities, this work explores representations of Cuban male leaders in the US media. Using ethnographic content analysis to examine 763 articles on Cuba from 1959 to 2010 in Time and Newsweek, data reveal narratives of ineffective masculinity as articulated through emergent themes and images that portray Cuban men involved in the revolutionary or political process as (a) simultaneously hypermasculine, that is, motivated by anger, violence, or idealism and (b) hypomasculine or displaying inadequacies in either their professional efforts and/or their physical characteristics. The findings supported by ineffective masculinity add to the literature by recognizing that these male leaders are deemed deficient; however, this deficiency does not rely on tropes of femininity. It is through this analysis that one may recognize the ways in which representations of Cuban male leaders may relate but differ from portraits of other nonwhite men. These findings might reasonably pave the way for possible variations in portrayals of “ineffective masculinity” and hegemonic masculinity where future research may question what role the trope ineffective masculinity may have on the maintenance of racial inequalities and ideologies especially of men of color in international relations with the United States.
“Pour It Up, Drink It Up, Live It Up, Give It Up”
Authors: Lindsay Samuel , Lyons Antonia C.
Published: March 2017

Music videos are popular, frequently aimed at young adult audiences, and easily accessible through online platforms. They often portray specific versions of masculinities and femininities and are increasingly linked to the alcohol industry. This research explored how masculinity, femininity, and alcohol consumption are constructed within four mainstream popular music videos. Critical multimodal discourse analysis was employed to systematically examine dominant meanings across various modes of the videos (lyrics, sound, video, and editing). Two major discourses were identified, namely, extreme consumption and freedom, and together these created “playboy” and “woman-as-object” subject positions. These positions are discussed with reference to hegemonic masculinity, postfeminist culture, and capitalist consumerism and considered in terms of the complex ways in which influential postfeminist and hegemonic discourses obscure the operations of power.
Negotiating ‘non-profit’: the survival strategies of the Sesame Workshop
Authors: Jensen Helle S , Lustyik Katalin
Published: March 2017

Our study focuses on Sesame Street and sets out to examine how Sesame Workshop, as a ‘non-profit’ organization targeting children, has been able to continuously transform and make itself relevant in a predominantly commercial children’s television landscape dominated by transnational ownership structures. The analysis includes an investigation of Sesame Workshop’s mission statements, organizational structure, annual fiscal reports, promotional material and other written sources from the 1970s to the 2010s. We focus on the Workshop’s own arguments and reasons for why their ‘non-profit’ status was, and still is, better at taking care of children’s interests than the for-profit companies. These understandings are held up against the, at times, very commercial logic guiding the workshop’s business model, and analysed within the economic and political context of children’s television in the United States and the Workshop’s key international target markets. Our theoretical framework draws upon insights from work on political economy and children’s media and comparative media systems.
Pulmonary Nocardia beijingensis infection associated with the use of alemtuzumab in a patient with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sheikh-Taha Marwan , Corman Lourdes C
Published: March 2017

Nocardia is a Gram-positive aerobic pathogen that usually affects immunocompromised patients. We report a case of pulmonary infection caused by a rare Nocardia species, Nocardia beijingensis, in a 50-year-old woman who had received alemtuzumab for the treatment of her multiple sclerosis. The invasive pulmonary infection was successfully treated with meropenem.
Role of dispositional aspects of self-identity in the process of planned behavior of outbound travel
Authors: Wang Suosheng , Wu Lingfei , Lee Soonhwan
Published: March 2017

Identity theorists suggest that one’s self-identity affects his behavioral intent directly, while planned behavior researchers believe that one’s attitude toward a specific behavior has a direct effect on his intention to perform the behavior. Few studies have ever examined how one’s self-identity and situational attitude may interact on his behavioral intent. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the role of one’s dispositional aspects of self-identity in the process of planned behavior in the context of outbound travel. Based on a survey on Chinese outbound travel, this study verifies that self-identity does not exert direct influence on outbound travel intents; instead, the effect of self-identity is mediated by the effect of the planned behavioral constructs. This study concludes that, in the context of outbound travel, the dispositional aspects of self-identity contribute to outbound travel intentions within the structure of the theory of planned behavior. Both theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.
An unsettled bargain? Mothers’ perceptions of justice and fairness in paid work
Authors: Yerkes Mara A. , Martin Bill , Baxter Janeen , Rose Judy
Published: March 2017

Mothers’ return to work following childbirth is widely recognized as a key stage in establishing employment arrangements that disadvantage them in the long run. This article investigates why mothers accept these unequal arrangements using data from a qualitative study of 109 Australian mothers. It focuses on mothers’ perceptions of the fairness and justice of the flexibility of arrangements they commonly enter into upon return to work. The article draws attention to the importance of different justice frameworks, distributive, procedural and interactional, in understanding women’s acceptance of gender inequality in paid work. The results indicate that most mothers view their workplace arrangements as fair, consistent with a distributive justice framework. Many women also place great importance on interactional justice, particularly in their experiences in negotiating flexibility. The article also identifies differences across employment type with women in jobs with career prospects more likely to invoke interactional justice frameworks than women in jobs with few career prospects.
Civilian oversight of the police in England and Wales
Authors: Mawby Rob I , Smith Kreseda
Published: March 2017

The creation of Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) in England and Wales in November 2012 by the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition government, replacing the former police authorities, introduced a new mechanism for civilian oversight of the police. However, the new structure has been heavily criticised, both for the election process and for the ways in which newly elected PCCs have operated. Despite these criticisms, PCCs were retained by the new Conservative government, and the scheduled round of new elections took place in May 2016. This article assesses these elections and compares them with those 2012, in terms of the election process and the attributes of the candidates and those successfully elected.
What have we learned about social media by studying Facebook? A decade in review
Authors: Stoycheff Elizabeth , Liu Juan , Wibowo Kunto A. , Nanni Dominic P.
Published: March 2017

A recent review published by Rains and Brunner documented an overwhelming preponderance of the Facebook brand in scholarship about social networking sites (SNS). This follow-up analysis shows that Facebook is still over-privileged when examining the broader umbrella of social media brands; the social networking hegemon constitutes over half of all scholarship across an array of social media, including SNS, media sharing sites, (micro)blogging platforms, virtual communities, and others. This study builds upon Rains and Brunner’s critiques about the over-reliance on the Facebook brand and calls for more scholarship that examines social media as part of larger media repertoires, is more inclusive of indigenous social media brands and their users, and provides greater diversity in terms of academic context. In doing, it serves as the most comprehensive review of social media scholarship to date. Implications for future research are discussed.
Social Media Awareness and Implications in Nursing Leadership
Authors: Burton Candace W. , McLemore Monica R. , Perry Laura , Carrick Jenny , Shattell Mona
Published: March 2017

Many nursing professionals-may be reluctant to engage in or are confused about appropriate use of social media in a clinical, research, or policy context. To address this issue, we developed a study to enhance nurse leaders’ facility with social media in the context of a national professional meeting. This study examined a social media campaign at the 2015 American Academy of Nursing conference. The campaign was intended to bridge the gap between active social media users and nonusers attending the conference. Following a targeted social media campaign at the American Academy of Nursing 2015 Transforming Health, Driving Policy Conference, responses to the conference evaluation questions about social media were reviewed and analyzed. Overall, evaluations were positive about the campaign; however, some conference attendees were not aware of its various components. Despite perceived barriers to its use, there is significant curiosity about social media use among nurse leaders. With the engagement of these leaders, there may be opportunities to enhance social media use at professional meetings and to make broader use of this valuable tool throughout the nursing profession.
Risk-based stochastic evacuation routing strategy under dynamic probabilistic route cost information
Authors: Huang Zhengfeng , Zheng Pengjun , Ren Gang
Published: March 2017

Traffic information is rather helpful to travelers in the non-recurrent traffic incident such as emergency evacuation. Unfortunately, the most concerned information—intersection traffic signal—cannot be directly shown on the medium, for example, variable message sign, because of its large size and incomprehensible content. Thus, this article mines the signal data as well as queue length to generate a well-understood content named probabilistic route delay. In addition, this article combines both route delays and real-time travel time to obtain minimal dynamic route cost. These delays and costs are components of dynamic probabilistic route cost for information provision. Based on the conveyed dynamic probabilistic route cost information, a revised logit model is used to depict evacuees’ stochastic route-choice behavior, wherein a risk-based prospect value instead of the expected value is found to be a better choice in the non-random fixed utility. This risk-based stochastic evacuation routing strategy can generate more actual flow if it is compared to single prospect-value-based risky strategy or expected-value-based stochastic strategy. A case study on the evacuation of Nanjing Olympic Center is used to apply the risk-based stochastic evacuation routing strategy. A major contribution lies in that the proposed dynamic probabilistic route cost information and the risk-based stochastic evacuation routing strategy are effectively integrated. This integration can be used to determine variable message sign information or optimize signal timings, which would serve for the most efficient evacuation.
Conceptions of social justice in Scottish and Swedish education systems
Authors: Riddell Sheila , Weedon Elisabet , Hjörne Eva
Published: March 2017

This Special Issue examines Swedish and Scottish education through the lens of social justice and citizenship. Each paper has a slightly different take on these central concepts, but all recognise that social justice has multiple dimensions relating to (re)distribution, recognition and participation. The multi-dimensional nature of citizenship is also recognised, encompassing civil, political and social rights. This introductory chapter highlights the central concerns of the papers, which compare and contrast the educational systems of Sweden and Scotland. While the achievements of comprehensive and inclusive education are recognised, future challenges are also noted, in particular, the extent to which education may be used as a means of achieving social justice and supporting citizenship rights at a time when economic inequalities are increasing.
The negative log-gamma prior distribution for Bayesian assessment of system reliability
Authors: Zoh Roger , Wilson Alyson , Vander Wiel Scott , Lawrence Earl
Published: March 2017

This paper presents the negative log-gamma distribution as a prior distribution useful for Bayesian assessment of system reliability. When the scale parameter is held fixed, the negative log-gamma distribution is closed under products, making it convenient for specifying priors for series systems. In particular, for series systems, negative log-gamma component priors can be specified to give an exact desired system prior and vice versa. We consider pass/fail data at the system and component levels for both static and time-varying data collection schemes and propose two new prior distributions for analyzing time-varying reliability. Finally, we consider an application of the negative log-gamma to a missile reliability problem and illustrate diagnostics useful for developing the priors.
Logistic model for the facility location problem on ellipsoids
Authors: Cazabal-Valencia Lucia , Caballero-Morales Santiago-Omar , Martínez-Flores José-Luís
Published: March 2017

The facility location problem (FLP) consists of finding the best location for a facility (service center) to efficiently meet the demands of client points. Studies on the FLP have considered flat or spherical surfaces for computation of distances between these entities. However, the Earth’s surface is not flat or perfectly spherical. This article considers the ellipsoid as a more appropriate model of the Earth’s surface and adapts the FLP to address this assumption. The optimization of the adapted FLP was performed using Solver. Results on geographic instances provided important insights about the logistic financial aspect of the ellipsoid assumption.
“Supremacy of EU Law in National Criminal Trials”
Authors: Müller-Jacobsen Anke
Published: March 2017

“The penal provisions of Section 34(2)0) of the Foreign Trade and Payments Act (AWG) in conjunction with Section 5c(2) of the Foreign Trade and Payments Regulation (AWV) are not compatible with the supremacy of EU law and are therefore inapplicable (Article 249(2) of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (EGV)). For this reason, sufficient evidence of a criminal act fails on legal grounds.”
Transposition of European Legislation into Prosecution Policy Guidelines: The Example of the Dutch Implementation of the Framework Decision on the Standing of Victims in Criminal Proceedings
Authors: Geelhoed Pim
Published: March 2017

This article discusses the issue whether European law permits framework decisions and directives to be transposed into prosecution policy guidelines, taking the Dutch implementation of the Framework Decision on the standing of victims as an example. Although this Framework Decision was initially intended to be transposed into guidelines of the Public Prosecution Service, the Dutch Government chose to include transposition in the revision of the Code of Criminal Procedure, combining efforts for improvement of the victim's position. This article discusses the legal status of Dutch victim policy and addresses the implementation of the relevant Framework Decision. This article concludes that it follows from the case law of the Court of Justice that the policy rules of the Public Prosecution Service do not have the legally binding nature that the transposition of the relevant Framework Decision requires.
Jurisdiction and Applicable Law in the EU Directive on Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters
Authors: Ludwiczak Maria
Published: March 2017

The EU Directive on Transfer of proceedings in criminal matters will complete the range of modes of cooperation between the States of the European Union. Transfer of proceedings comes within the scope of mutual trust and recognition in the EU. It has the virtue not only of speeding up criminal procedures but also of achieving better social rehabilitation of the convicted person.

This contribution sets a background for the understanding of the Directive and provides comments on competence and applicable law, the two most controversial aspects of the transfer of proceedings under the Directive.
Personal Data Protection and the First Implementation Semester of the Lisbon Treaty: Achievements and Prospects
Authors: Andoulsi Isabelle
Published: March 2017

This article presents the last developments arisen in the protection of personal data in the sector of police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters since the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon and their effects on the general legal protection of personal data in the European Union. It also defines and describes the elements that should be included in a general legal framework dedicated to the protection of personal data applicable within the whole territory of the European Union. This legal framework would guarantee the efficiency of the prevention and repression systems of the European Union, while insuring a real protection of personal data.
European Criminal Law and Resistance to Communautarisation after Lisbon
Authors: Mitsilegas Valsamis
Published: March 2017

The abolition of the third pillar can rightly be considered as one of the most significant constitutional developments brought about by the Lisbon Treaty. The Treaty has to a great extent ‘normalised’ European criminal law, by placing legislation in the field (its proposal, nature, negotiation, agreement and scrutiny) in principle under the ordinary supranational constitutional framework of the Union. However, this ‘communitarisation’ of European criminal law has been met with resistance by Member States, concerned about their potential loss of sovereignty in the field of criminal law. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of the many levels of resistance to communautarisation as reflected in the text of the Lisbon Treaty, and as applied after the entry into force of the Treaty in the process of adoption of EU criminal law post-Lisbon. The complexity of the post-Lisbon constitutional framework related to criminal matters and the challenges such complexity poses to the future development of EU criminal law will be highlighted in this context.
Judicial Cooperation between the EU and Non-Member States
Authors: Brodowski Dominik
Published: March 2017

More and more, the EU looks beyond its member states when enhancing judicial cooperation in criminal matters. For example, it recently concluded agreements on extradition and mutual legal assistance with the USA and a mutual legal assistance agreement with Japan; the Stockholm Programme calls for more such agreements to be negotiated in future. Their potential direct applicability and the partial abolishment of classic safeguards cause constitutional implications, which were already tested in Hungary and may pose a severe issue in future cases before the German Constitutional Court. In order to truly create a “Europe that protects”, a stronger emphasis needs to be put on a union-wide territoriality exception and a ground for refusal based on EU citizenship.
The Development of Eurojust: Potential and Limitations of Article 85 of the TFEU
Authors: Weyembergh Anne
Published: March 2017

This article first underlines the contributions and limitations of the revised Eurojust Decision of 16 December 2008 and of the Framework Decision of 30 November 2009 on prevention and settlement of conflicts of jurisdiction. It then presents a detailed analysis of the contents of Article 85, paragraph by paragraph, and of its potential. Several passages of this provision, resulting from difficult compromises, are quite ambiguous and raise numerous questions. The opened prospects remain limited because, unlike Article 86 TFEU, the centre of gravity for investigations and prosecutions would not be transferred at EU level. However, Article 85 offers concrete possibilities to transform Eurojust from a simple mediator and player at horizontal cooperation level to a player with binding operational powers at vertical integration level. Such transformation explains why the implementation of Article 85 is quite sensitive in terms of national sovereignty and given the discrepancies between national systems. The question is whether Member States are now ready to accept such development and exploit the possibilities set out in Article 85.
The European Arrest Warrant — A Victim of its Own Success?
Authors: Weis Karen
Published: March 2017

This article critically analyses the recent efforts of the European Union to deal with the problem of disproportionate European Arrest Warrants.
Adoption of Criminal Penalties for Hard Core Cartels in Mexico
Authors: Mena-Labarthe Carlos , Arozarena-Balestra Carla
Published: March 2017

This article describes the general framework of Mexican competition law and its evolution, in order to analyse the current anti-cartel regime and explain the recent decision by the Mexican legislature tot criminalise cartel activity.
‘Wanted: Antitrust Criminals’: Criminalisation of Cartel Law with a Special View to Hungary
Authors: Mezei Péter
Published: March 2017

Due to the gradually spreading modern trends of the development of white-collar crimes in the field of business crime and – closely related to it – the criminalisation of the most serious antitrust violations (hardcore cartels), EU and the Member States' cartel policies seem to have reached a significant turning-point: it is to be decided quite soon whether the criminal prosecution and sanctioning of cartels in a general and unified manner is the way of the future for effective antitrust enforcement, or the current situation with mixed systems combining both administrative and criminal elements should further prevail. This article discusses the most fundamental advantages and difficulties of developing a generally criminalised cartel enforcement system, and raises some possible legislative alternatives for future development, with a special view to the development of the Hungarian regime.
The ‘Spontaneous Exchange of Information’ between European Judicial Authorities from the Italian Perspective
Authors: Simonato Michele
Published: March 2017

This article outlines the legal grounds which allow for spontaneous exchange of information at the judicial level within the European Union, clarifying the purposes and modalities of such transmission. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the Italian legal system's approach towards received information.
Making Defence Rights Practical and Effective: Towards an EU Directive on the Right to Legal Advice
Authors: Heard Catherine , Shaeffer Rebecca
Published: March 2017

This article outlines the key elements of a new law proposed by the European Commission aimed at ensuring proper access to legal advice and representation for suspects in criminal proceedings in any European Union country. It also reports on how the proposed directive has been received, including criticisms by Belgium, France, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.