bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and microhardness of TiC/Ti6Al4V composite manufactured with laser metal deposition
Authors: Kgoahla Reneilwe , Lekoadi Paul , Masina Bathusile
Published: December 2023

This study presented the investigation of the influence of post heat treatment temperature on the microstructure and hardness of TiC/Ti6Al4V composite manufactured with laser metal deposition. Heat treatment was performed to improve the microstructural homogeneity. It was found that the addition of TiC into Ti6Al4V results in the formation of a Widmanstätten microstructure with different grain sizes on the matrix. Heat treatment of the TiC/Ti6Al4V promoted phase transformations from acicular in the as built to lamella (α + β) and equiaxial phases in the heat-treated samples. The 900°C heat treated sample showed a uniform distribution of α and β phases, and 1100°C showed an increase in β phases, which resulted in an equiaxial microstructure. Moreover, Heat treatment at 1100°C resulted in the highest microhardness of 665±13HV.
Importance of improving radiation risk perception during reconstruction of Futaba town at 11 years after lifting of Fukushima nuclear accident evacuation orders
Authors: Hande V. , Orita M. , Matsunaga H. , Kashiwazaki Y. , Xiao X. , Taira Y. , Takamura N.
Published: December 2023

The last among the towns in Fukushima prefecture to lift its evacuation order after the 2011 nuclear accident, Futaba started allowing residents to return in August 2022. To facilitate the future influx of residents, a survey regarding the expectations for reconstruction among current Futaba residents and evacuees was conducted. The survey revealed that 74.0% of respondents had expectations for the reconstruction of Futaba, and similar proportions for the recovery of workplaces, farming, and residential areas. Among these respondents, 11.3% had already returned or expressed a desire to return to Futaba, and 4.2% stated that they did not wish to return. Respondents who were not concerned about treated water to be released in the sea (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–1.0), drinking tap water from Futaba (odds ratio 0.4, 95%CI 0.3–0.7), experiencing health effects from radiation exposure (odds ratio 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.9) and genetic effects (odds ratio 0.4, 95%CI 0.2–0.6) had higher expectations of the town’s recovery. It is essential to promote practical radiological culture in Futaba town to encourage local involvement in recovery processes of the town and to minimize radiation-related anxiety.
Analyse the differences in origin and layout of Chinese Buddhist and Taoist architecture
Authors: Shen Jiachen
Published: December 2023

This article mainly lists differences between Buddhist and Taoist architecture in China, and compares them in various aspects by analyzing the layout and origin of the architecture and combining religious meanings. As an important material manifestation of Chinese local religion, temple architecture not only represents the cultural core of Chinese religion, but also reflects the cultural heritage and profound connotations of Chinese religion. Chinese religious architecture combines the ideas of classical palace architecture and garden architecture design, so temple architecture can be regarded as a treasure in Chinese architectural art. As a cultural symbol and microcosm, they also greatly enhance the importance of people’s understanding and protection of religious architectural art. The article combines the viewpoints of multiple experts to supplement and explain the core points of the article, and preliminarily explores the main reasons for the formation of the layout and style of Buddhist and Taoist architecture. Through research, the author aims to deeply explore the design differences between Buddhist and Taoist architecture.
Concerns towards mainstreaming education for students with disabilities in China
Authors: Liu Yuxin
Published: December 2023

Typically, children with unique educational challenges are separated into various learning contexts. Despite the fact that this education strategy has been established for a while, various researchers and analysts have questioned its effectiveness. Recently, inclusion has gained popularity as a universal educational issue. To be specific, according to the inclusive education model, disabled children should get an equitable education opportunity. Most academics agree that engaging kids with special education needs in mainstream classes can improve their learning opportunities. However, in order to successfully implement mainstreaming education in China, lots of challenges are needed to be overcome. In the essay, the following are some of the challenges to providing an inclusive education for students in China with special educational needs: the available technology is inaccessible, mainstream schools neglect their duty to educate students with impairments, and parents of such youngsters are not well equipped for online learning. Furthermore, this paper presents some suggestions to enhance the inclusive education for disabled individuals. Overall, the current inclusive educational pedagogy is the subject of discussion in relation to recent research perspectives on analyzing and overcoming it.
The influence of parents’ educational background on parent-child relationship
Authors: Li Caixin , Zhan Yumeng
Published: December 2023

This paper illustrates the extent of how education background of parents could affect the relationship between children and parents. The inculcate in children is an essential factor that influences the relationship between children and parents. A strict education method may cause a harsh relationship between a child and his parents, while encouraging education is often beneficial for improving parent-child relationships. Children ‘ s education is decided by the education background of parents, as parents with different education backgrounds would educate child differently. Typically, parents who are well-educated perform better in educating children through a reasonable way. The data in this essay were collected through promoting questionnaires on social media, which uses parent-child sub-scale as the basic questionnaire. What’s more, other evidence from previous researches were also used as a reference to guarantee authenticity. This study assumes that high educated parents can build a better parent-child relationship. Correlation analysis shows that significant positive correlation exists between fathers education background and positive father-child relationship, which is also the same for mothers education background and positive mother-child relationship. Furthermore, non-parametric tests also justifies that the education background of a mother shows a significant positive father-child relationship. These all demonstrates the fact that the more educated the parents are, the better parent-child relationship will be.
Gender Construction in the Chinese Fandom of Korean Pop Culture: A Case Study of BTS and BLACKPINK Fans
Authors: Luo Wenting
Published: December 2023

This research delves into the influence exerted by BTS and BLACKPINK, prominent K-pop idol groups, on Chinese K-pop fans’ perceptions of gender, gender equality, and inclusivity. Employing data collected through a comprehensive survey distributed among a diverse cohort of fans (35 young Chinese K- pop fans), the study examines the impact of these musical phenomena’s image and temperament on their Chinese followers’ conceptualization of gender constructs and roles. A transformation from traditional binary notions of gender is revealed, that is, most respondents ascribe gender to a complex interplay of biological sex and social constructs. Besides, Fans’ enthusiasm for gender temperaments, in particular, exhibits subtle patterns that resonate with K-pop’s acceptance of a variety of gender presentations. Overall, this study substantiates the pivotal role of popular music acts in shaping Chinese K-pop fans’ contemporary conceptions of gender and fostering a climate of inclusivity, as well as underscoring the vital importance of taking cultural context into account when interpreting gender representations in K-pop.
Examining Media Co-socialization by Parents and Its Impact on Body Satisfaction among Female College Students in Mainland China on WeChat
Authors: Jin Lin
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the phenomenon of media co-socialization by parents on WeChat, focusing on its implications for body satisfaction among female college students in Mainland China. With the ubiquity of digital media platforms, parental involvement in children’s media experiences, including discussion and content sharing related to body image, has gained prominence. While relevant research has examined the relationship between social media and body satisfaction among adolescents and parental influence, few studies delve into digital platforms like WeChat or address this context specifically in Mainland China. Employing in-depth interviews and content analysis, this study reveals diverse modes of parental media co-socialization on WeChat, spanning health advice, beauty tips, and fashion guidance. Its impact on body satisfaction varies, from minimal influence to reduced impact as students gain independence, or enhanced satisfaction due to positive feedback. Participants’ attitudes towards parental influence on body image ideals range from acceptance of disagreements to avoidance of discussion. This research contributes vital insights into the complex dynamics of media co-socialization and its implications for body satisfaction. It underscores the need for tailored approaches to address body image concerns and promote open family communication.
Facial features influencing political election outcomes and other social events
Authors: Fan Xiang
Published: December 2023

Faces are rich sources of social information, and their characteristics can help people to understand the society better. The outcomes of our most important social decisions depend on our ability to make accurate interferences about the inclinations, motivations and qualifications of others. People can make trait judgements about people within an extreme short amount of time. Some researchers have found that rapid and unreflective facial features judgements could be largely predictive in political election and other social events as well. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is the effect of the facia; Judgement on social decision-making outcomes. This paper will provide a review of the impact of face recognition on political elections and the biases that arise from facial inferences. These results imply that quick, straightforward binary ability evaluations are sufficient to forecast the results of political elections, and facial traits can bias human choices. The potential impact of faces of social decision-making can be explained by their ability to predict a series of important outcomes.
The Effect of First Impression on Women’s Online Social Tendency
Authors: Zhuang Chengxi
Published: December 2023

In the realm of online dating, first impressions are pivotal, significantly influencing the trajectory of subsequent interactions and relationship development. This article examines the women’s preferences in QQ Channels towards men on online social networking platforms. The present study conducts a preliminary interview to observe the impact of different personal types (extroverted, introverted, learning-focused, and “bad boy”) on the attractiveness and interaction levels of female users. This paper draws from a diverse group of female participants, ensuring a wide range of ages and backgrounds. Four types of personal impression are created, each simulating a real dating environment, allowing participants to interact with persona profiles. The result reveals that extroverted personas are highly attractive. Introverted personas struggle to sustain interactions, often resulting in participants halting communication or failing to progress beyond initial contact. Learning personas exhibit limited engagement, with most participants tapering off after the initial interaction. Interestingly, the “bad boy” persona garners high attention. The study highlights the important role of first impressions in online communication. This provides preliminary evidence of women’s online dating behaviors on emerging social platforms.
Comparative study of online learning and face-to-face learning
Authors: Sun Rongtan
Published: December 2023

Online learning is prompted by the pandemic and has become the second main learning method. Considering the differences between face-to-face (F2F) and online learning, there should be significant differences in students’ learning experiences between the two learning methods. This study uses a course experience questionnaire (CEQ) and an online course experience questionnaire (OCEQ) to investigate and compare students’ perceptions of two learning methods from six factors. The result indicates that the differences between the two learning methods are significant in terms of the total score of the questionnaire, the factor of good teaching (GT), the factor of clear goals (CG) and the factor of appropriate assessment (AA). The lack of social interaction on campus could be the reason for this phenomenon based on the theory of constructionism. That suggests online learning platforms and instructors take more action to increase the interactivity of online learning to motivate students. The difference in the factor of emphasis on independence is not significant, which is inconsistent with the findings from the previous study. The reason could be attributed to the increasing flexibility of the combined learning methods.
A Study of Gamified Teaching Activities for Enhancing Motivation in Grade 6 Primary School Students —an Example of Instructional Design Model on a Field Course
Authors: Luo Simiao , Wang Dan , Wang Ruoyi
Published: December 2023

In recent years, people have attached increasing importance to primary education. They have realized that primary education not only requires students to passively acquire knowledge but also needs to stimulate their intrinsic learning motivation. Learning motivation has a significant impact on the learning behavior and outcomes of primary school students. Gamified teaching is a type of instructional activity that incorporates the fun of games into the teaching activity, allowing students to learn while enjoying themselves and stimulating their motivation for learning. This study researches the influence of gamified teaching methods on the learning motivation of primary school students. In the experiment, 80 sixth-grade primary school students were collected as samples, and they were taught under gamified teaching method for two months, and Zhou Bucheng’ s MAAT scale was distributed to measure their learning motivation. The experiment collected the scores of students’ two math tests and two MAAT scales by pre-test and post-test, and analyzed the changes of scores and learning motivation. The research found that attractive teaching methods and content of course can better stimulate students’ interest in learning, promoting them to develop active learning motivations, and lay a foundation for their comprehensive development in the future.
The causes and corrective countermeasures of children’s aggressive behavior caused by parenting style
Authors: Wei Muchen
Published: December 2023

Aggressive behavior in young children is one of the key topics of today’s research. Some researchers have found that different parenting styles have a significant impact on children’s aggressive behavior, but there is still a lack of a unified explanation for its causes and how to correct it. Therefore, the research topic of this paper is the causes and corrective countermeasures of aggressive behavior in young children caused by parenting styles. The research methods of this paper are as follows: firstly, the literature research in related fields in recent years is collected, and secondly, the collected literature is analyzed. The study found that there is a significant positive correlation between children’s aggressive behavior and doting, laissez-faire and authoritarian factors, and there is a significant negative correlation with democratic factors, and the older parents are more likely to use inappropriate parenting methods for education. In general, democratic parenting is very desirable, and at the same time, it is supplemented by the guidance and intervention of parents and kindergartens to show its effectiveness.
Study on the influence of art micro-lecture education on the aesthetic psychological development in the primary and middle school students in China
Authors: Li Yiran
Published: December 2023

In recent years, due to the rapid development of science and technology in China, technology has continuously advanced the process of informatization in education. Among them, the emergence of micro-lectures has made learning more convenient and efficient. In Chinese compulsory education system, art education has always been hindered by the drawbacks of exam-oriented education, and the neglect of art classes is often observed in classrooms. Teachers always consider that art classes is less important than the major courses and lose sight of it. However, with the advent of the internet information era, micro-lectures have proposed new solutions and motivation for the difficulties and challenges faced by art education in China. Micro-lectures, due to their various advantages and characteristics, are a teaching method with great potential development in art education. This article mainly explores the capacity enhancement of primary and middle school students through micro-course teaching, and it has strong practical and application significance.
Loss of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 can be compensated for by diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 resulting in a negligible influence on mammary cancer development found in a mouse model and verified in human tissues
Authors: Mei Yan , Wang Jing , Lu Jia-Bin , Lu Guan-Ming , Peng Li-Xia , Lang Yan-Hong , Zheng Li-Sheng , Huang Bi-Jun , Shi Yan-Xia , Qian Chao-Nan
Published: December 2023

Background: Dietary fat absorption involves the re-esterification of digested triacylglycerol in the enterocytes, it is a biological process catalyzed by monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MOGAT2, aka MGAT2), which is highly expressed in the small intestine. A previous study showed that the loss of the Mogat2 gene can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer including a postmenopausal mammary tumor. Methods: We collected 147 patients with triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma to explore the relationship between MOGAT2 expression and overall patient survival. The TCGA data were also retrieved for analyzing the prognostic values of MOGAT2 mRNA level as well as the relationships between MOGAT2 and DGAT1/2 mRNA levels. We also used a Mogat2-deficient mouse mammary tumor model by crossing Mogat2-deficient mice with MMTV-PyMT mice to examine the effect of MOGAT2 on mammary tumor development. Results: In human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma, elevated expression of MOGAT2 correlated with a poorer patient prognosis. Obesity could be induced by a relatively high-fat diet (37% of calories from fat) in the mice with or without Mogat2 knockout. Mammary tumor development was deteriorated by a relatively high-fat diet regardless of Mogat2 deficiency. As a compensation mechanism, upregulation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases 1 and 2 (Dgat1 and Dgat2) in the Mogat2 deficient mice was found. Consistently, in human normal tissues adjacent to breast cancer, an inverse correlation between MOGAT2 mRNA level and DGAT1/2 mRNA levels was also found. Conclusions: Elevated expression of MOGAT2 in triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma predicts poorer patient overall survival. With the compensation of Dgat1 and Dgat2, Mogat2 deficiency alone cannot prevent fat diet-induced obesity, nor prevent mammary tumor development in a mouse model.
Die Suche nach dem „Knoten des Lebens“ – die Atemregulation
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Degerli Mikail Aykut , Conradt Regina , Hildebrandt Olaf , Koehler Niklas , Hildebrandt Wulf
Published: December 2023

Der Artikel gibt einen geschichtlichen Überblick über die in den letzten beiden Jahrhunderten erfolgten Entwicklungen zum Verständnis des Atemrhythmus und seiner Kontrollmechanismen. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde erstmalig eine Struktur in der Medulla oblongata als „Knoten des Lebens“ beschrieben. 1743 entdeckte Taube das Karotiskörperchen, 1927 hat der Spanier de Castro dessen Morphologie und Innervation beschrieben. Erst Vater und Sohn Heymans haben die physiologische und pharmakologische Bedeutung des Karotis- und Aortenkörperchens erkannt. Heute wissen wir, dass die Generierung und Kontrolle der Atmung durch ein komplexes neuronales Netzwerk im Hirnstamm erfolgt. Chemo-, Mechano- und Propriorezeptoren vermitteln Informationen aus Blut, Atemwegen und Muskeln in das respiratorische Netzwerk. Das Atemzentrum integriert die von den Rezeptoren, dem autonomen Nervensystem, dem Herz-Kreislauf-System sowie den willentlich vom zerebralen Kortex eingehenden Informationen und bemisst den Grad der respiratorischen Aktivierung von Motoneuronen und atmungsrelevanter Muskulatur.
Reexpansion pulmonary edema after treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Gleibs Fabian , Döllinger Felix , Witzenrath Martin , Huebner Ralf-Harto , Saccomanno Jacopo
Published: December 2023

A 24-year-old male patient, without further symptoms or comorbidities presented to the emergency room with acute dyspnea after heavy lifting two days before. On auscultation an attenuated vesicular breath was noticed on the right lung. In the initial chest radiograph a right-sided primary spontaneous pneumothorax with minor mediastinal shift was diagnosed. After insertion of a 12-French chest tube the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated. The following chest radiograph and computed tomography of the thorax showed a reexpansion pulmonary edema in the right lung. The patient was admitted to the ICU and supportive treatment was initiated. Pulmonary reexpansion edema after drainage of a pneumothorax is a very rare complication with mortality rates reaching up to 20%. The exact pathophysiology remains unknown. Typical Symptoms include dyspnea, hypotension, and tachycardia. To minimize the risk of a pulmonary reexpansion edema, not more than 1200–1800 ml of air should be drained at once and the drainage should be stopped when the patient starts coughing.
Expression and Role of PDK4 on Childhood Dyslipidemia and Lipid
Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Mice
Authors: Cai Wenjuan , Wang Xin , Deng Qian , Gao Jian , Chen Yuqing
Published: December 2023

Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder that can lead to cardiovascular
disease. PDK4 is a key enzyme that regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism
and homeostasis. The aim of this study is to explore the correlation between
PDK4 expression and dyslipidemia in obese children, and to find new therapeutic
targets for hyperlipidemia in children. The expression of PDK4 in serum was
detected by qRT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze
the relationship between PDK4 and dyslipidemia. Upstream miRNAs of PDK4 were
predicted by the database and verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay
and detected by qRT-PCR. The hyperlipidemia mouse model was established by
high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, and the metabolic disorders of mice were detected.
PDK4 is poorly expressed in the serum of obese children. The upstream of PDK4
may be inhibited by miR-107, miR-27a-3p, and miR-106b-5p, which are highly
expressed in the serum of obese children. Overexpression of PDK4 improves lipid
metabolism in HFD mice. miR-27a-3p silencing upregulates PDK4 to improve lipid
metabolism. In conclusion, PDK4 has a diagnostic effect on dyslipidemia in
children, while lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic mice could be mitigated by
upregulation of PDK4, which was inhibited by miR-107, miR-27a-3p and miR-106b-5p
on upstream.
Modular Synthesis of Methyl-Substituted Novel Psoralen N-Hydroxysuccinimide Esters and Evaluation of DNA Photocrosslinking Properties of the Corresponding Triplex-Forming Oligonucleotide Conjugates
Authors: Mikame Yu , Maekawa Nagisa , Kimura Soichiro , Yamayoshi Asako , Nakao Juki
Published: December 2023

Psoralen-conjugated triplex-forming oligonucleotides (Ps-TFOs) have been used to induce DNA mutations or to suppress gene expression through the formation of crosslinked products with DNA in a sequence-specific manner. Psoralen can crosslink with DNA at its furan-ring and/or pyrone-ring side, yielding either a monoadduct or diadduct (interstrand crosslinking) product. The differences in the crosslinked structures of Ps-TFOs with the target DNAs are closely related to the changes in the biological outcomes induced by the Ps-TFOs. However, only a few reports have discussed the photocrosslinking properties of Ps-TFOs. The photocrosslinking properties of Ps-TFOs with structurally diverse psoralen derivatives remain elusive. Herein, we report the modular synthesis of novel methyl-substituted psoralen N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) esters. By using these esters, the effect of the methyl substituent of psoralen on the photocrosslinking of the corresponding Ps-TFOs was examined. The amount of the diadduct product was significantly reduced in the presence of methyl substituents at the C-3 and C-4 positions, while the total amount of photocrosslinking product was maintained. This work demonstrates the possibility of controlling the crosslinked product of Ps-TFOs by introducing methyl groups into psoralen: this ability to manipulate the product is an important factor in the biological applications of Ps-TFOs.
Atroposelective Construction of Tetrasubstituted Axially Chiral Alkene Frameworks
Authors: He Ying , Zou Jia-Yu , Xu Wan-Yi , Wang Jie , Liu Qi
Published: December 2023

The construction of axially chiral alkene frameworks is currently one of hottest topics in the field of organic synthetic chemistry. Compared to traditional axially chiral molecules, such as biaryls, heterobiaryls, and anilides, the synthesis of axially chiral alkenes is far more challenging, especially for acyclic tetrasubstituted alkene analogues. In this review, we summarized the development of strategies for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted axially chiral alkene analogues, including asymmetric difunctionalization, C–H functionalization, cross-coupling, (dynamic) kinetic resolution, and asymmetric allylic substitution-isomerization.

1 Introduction

2 Synthesis of Cyclic Tetrasubstituted Axially Chiral Alkenes

3 Synthesis of Acyclic Tetrasubstituted Axially Chiral Alkenes

4 Summary and Outlook
Chiral Bifunctional NHC–Guanidine Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Teichert Johannes F. , Gorai Mahadeb
Published: December 2023

We report the synthesis of chiral N-heterocyclic carbene/guanidine bifunctional ligands from readily available amino alcohols. The resulting chiral bifunctional copper(I) complexes are active catalysts in an asymmetric hydrogenation of ketones. We show that the chiral linker unit can be employed for the transfer of stereoinformation.
The Association between Mode of Transportation Support and Research Study Visit Attendance among Pregnant Patients
Authors: Vinson Ariel , Paul Rachel , Chubiz Jessica , Raghuraman Nandini , Kelly Jeannie C. , England Sarah K. , Carter Ebony B.
Published: December 2023

Objective This study aimed to examine the association between transportation assistance and study visits, and explore differences by transportation modality.

Study Design This was a secondary analysis of prospective cohort study. We identified patients requesting transportation support for research ultrasound visits and identified controls (1:2 ratio) who did not request support matched for age, race, and insurance type. Conditional logistic regression examined the association between transportation support and mode of transportation with study visit attendance.

Results Transportation support was requested by 57/1,184 (4.8%) participants. Participants that requested transportation support were three times more likely to attend visits than their matched controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76–5.68). Among visits with transportation support, those supported by a ridesharing service had five-fold higher odds of attendance than visits supported with taxi service (aOR = 5.06, 95% CI: 1.50–16.98).

Conclusion Transportation support, especially a ridesharing service, is associated with improved attendance at research study visits in a sample of predominantly low-income, Black, pregnant participants. Implementing transportation support may be a promising strategy to improve engagement in research studies.

Key Points
Feasibility of Universal Screening for Preeclampsia Risk and Aspirin Recommendation in the Ultrasound Unit
Authors: Pimentel Verónica Maria , Larrea Alexander D. Almeida , Renaud Sophie J. , Sloan Sophie , Figueroa Reinaldo , Wakefield Dorothy , Crowell Rebecca
Published: December 2023

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and impact of using the first-trimester ultrasound visit to identify and counsel women at increased risk of preeclampsia about the benefits of low-dose aspirin (LDA) for preventing preeclampsia. We also assessed patient-reported utilization of LDA, perceived risk for preeclampsia, and clinical outcomes.

Study Design Women presenting for routine first-trimester nuchal-translucency (NT) ultrasounds were screened for clinical preeclampsia risks using a self-administered risk assessment. Women at moderate or high risk for preeclampsia were counseled to take LDA, if not already taking it. LDA utilization and perceived risk for preeclampsia were assessed during the second-trimester ultrasound. Factors associated with LDA utilization were analyzed. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between those who used LDA and those who did not.

Results Slightly more than 20% of patients (765/3,669) screened at increased risk for developing preeclampsia. Of those, 67.8% (519/765) had not received LDA recommendations from their referring obstetrician and 97 had not been taking LDA despite being advised to do so. Combined, 94.6% (583/616) of these patients eligible to start LDA prophylaxis received the indicated counseling during the ultrasound visit. A total of 61.4% (358/583) of women completed the follow-up form and of those 77.9% (279/358) reported taking LDA. Screening at increased risk for preeclampsia and perception of increased risk were positively associated with LDA utilization, whereas concerns for LDA safety were negatively associated with use. African American/Black patients and Medicaid recipients were less likely to use LDA. Pregnancy outcomes were similar between those who used LDA and those who did not.

Conclusion Assessing preeclampsia risk and counseling patients about LDA at the time of the NT ultrasound are feasible in the ultrasound unit and led to good LDA utilization among women at increased risk for preeclampsia. This intervention may standardize patient care and help close the disparity in maternal health.

Key Points
How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Maternal and Neonatal Health?
Authors: Dogan Nazan N. , Salihoglu Ozgul
Published: December 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the proportional growth of the fetus, maternal health, and neonatal outcomes.

Study Design The study group (Group 1) included pregnant women with a history of COVID-19. Pregnant women who were hospitalized during the same period without COVID-19 were the control group (Group 2). Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results A total of 230 pregnant women and their infants were assessed. Group 1 (n = 74) had significantly higher rates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension than Group 2 (n = 156; p = 0.015 and 0.014, respectively). Premature birth and cesarean section rates were also significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.001 and 0.040, respectively). While the rate of iatrogenic preterm birth was significantly higher in Group 1, the rate of spontaneous preterm birth was significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.049). Infants born to COVID-19-positive mothers had lower median gestational age, birth weight, and Apgar scores (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the results of cord blood gas analysis (p > 0.05). The rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and need for mechanical ventilation was significantly higher in infants of COVID-19-positive mothers (p < 0.05 for both). The length of stay in the NICU was also significantly longer for the infants of COVID-19-positive mothers (p < 0.05). Birth weights decreased due to increased cases of iatrogenic preterm births (p < 0.05). However, ponderal indices (PIs) of newborns of pregnant COVID-19 mothers did not differ at birth (p > 0.05).

Conclusion COVID-19 is associated with low Apgar scores, increased risk of premature birth complications, and maternal comorbidities, with no effect on the PI and proportionate growth of the infant at birth.

Key Points
How Many Patients Qualify for Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis Infection Following Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasties?
Authors: Potter Genna R. , Feuchtenberger Bennett W. , Sowinski Halee N. , Roberts Austin J. , Siegel Eric R. , Dietz Matthew J. , Stambough Jeffery B. , Bedard Nicholas A. , Mears Simon C.
Published: December 2023

Extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis (EOAP) has been suggested to reduce rates of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) postoperatively after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this multicenter study is to define how many TJA patients are considered high risk for developing PJI based on published EOAP criteria and determine whether this status is associated with socioeconomic or demographic factors. All primary and aseptic revision TJAs performed in 2019 at three academic medical centers were reviewed. High-risk status was defined based on prior published EOAP criteria. Area deprivation index (ADI) was calculated as a measure of socioeconomic status. Data were reported as means with standard deviation. Both overall and institutional differences were compared. Of the 2,511 patients (2,042 primary and 469 revision) in this cohort, 73.3% met criteria for high risk (primary: 72.9% [1,490] and revision: 74.6% [350]). Patient's race or age did not have a significant impact on risk designation; however, a larger proportion of high-risk patients were women (p = 0.002) and had higher Elixhauser scores (p < 0.001). The mean ADI for high-risk patients was higher (more disadvantaged) than for standard-risk patients (64.0 [20.8] vs. 59.4 [59.4]) (p < 0.001). Over 72% of primary and revision TJA patients at three medical centers met published criteria for EOAP. These patients were more often women, had more comorbidities, and lived in more disadvantaged areas. Our findings suggest that most patients qualify for EOAP, which may call for more stringent criteria on who would benefit extended antibiotic prophylaxis.
Conceptualising care: critical perspectives on informal care and inequality
Authors: Peterie Michelle , Broom Alex
Published: December 2023

Informal care occupies a paradoxical place in contemporary societies. It is at once reified as an inherent social good, and minimised, devalued, and pushed to the margins. The current ‘care crisis’ is bringing these tensions into sharp relief, fuelling renewed interest in care and its absences across a wide range of disciplines. In this article, we present an overview of five key literatures for comprehending informal care, with a focus on issues of inequality and injustice. These bodies of scholarship—which, respectively, emphasise the political-economic, affective, policy, geographic, and ecological dimensions of informal care—together furnish a critical conceptualisation of informal care that both recognises care’s social value, and underlines its embeddedness in systems and structures of oppression. Informal care, we show, evades easy definition, requiring a sophisticated array of critical concepts to capture its everyday complexities, avoid reductionism, and ultimately enable individual and collective flourishing.
Gender disparity in literacy in Uttar Pradesh: a spatial analysis
Authors: Sakshi  , Bano Sabina
Published: December 2023

Literacy, being one of the most important demographic elements, is a crucial indicator used to measure human progress towards development. It acts as a catalyst for social progress, maximising return on investment in almost all developmental initiative areas. Moreover, female education contributes significantly to raising the state’s standard of living. This study delves into the prevalent gender disparity in literacy rates within Uttar Pradesh, India, with a particular focus on the enrolment of girl children in elementary schools. It assesses the spatial variation in gender disparity in literacy across the 75 districts of Uttar Pradesh and finds a correlation between enrolment of girl children (x) and total elementary schools (y) across the districts. The Sopher Disparity Method is used to determine the spatial variation of gender disparity in literacy. Jaunpur, Bhadohi and Mathura are the states with the highest gender disparity level in literacy, while Amroha and Kanpur Nagar account for the lowest disparity level. The dot method is used to show the distribution of total number of elementary schools per district in Uttar Pradesh, presenting that Baghpat, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Mahoba, Shrawasti and Bhadohi are the districts with the lowest concentration of elementary schools, while Azamgarh, Bijnor, Sitapur, Hardoi and Jaunpur are those with the highest concentration. A correlation coefficient of 0.89 has been found between elementary schools and girl child enrolment, which shows a strong positive association. The research highlights the cultural, socio-economic, and infrastructural barriers that impede the enrolment and retention of girl children in elementary schools. By examining existing policies and their impact, the study aims to provide insights into the complexities of gender-based educational disparities. Furthermore, it explores the role of societal norms and economic constraints in shaping the educational landscape for girls in Uttar Pradesh. The ultimate goal is to inform targeted interventions that address the root causes of gender disparity in literacy, fostering a more inclusive and equitable educational environment in Uttar Pradesh.
Effects of input enhancement and genre on L2 learners’ performance in the continuation writing task
Authors: Meng Li , Yin Hongshan
Published: December 2023

Despite much research on xu-argument based continuation writing tasks, little has been done to explore its role with multiple factors in language output. This study, recruiting 80 Chinese high school students, attempted to investigate the effects of input enhancement and genre on Chinese EFL learners’ linguistic performance measured by complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) in continuation writing tasks. A two-factor mixed experimental design was adopted, and simple effect tests were conducted to analyze the interaction effect. It was found that: (a) Input enhancement did not significantly impact complexity and fluency, but significantly impacted accuracy; genre had significant effects on complexity, accuracy, and fluency. (b) There was interaction between input enhancement and genre in accuracy, but not in complexity and fluency. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations of LaCu2On-/0 (n=4,5): Interaction between oxygen unit and LaCu2O3 six-membered ring
Authors: Yan Shuai-Ting , Xu Xi-Ling , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: December 2023

We conducted a joint anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical investigation on hybrid lanthanum-copper oxides clusters, LaCu2On−/0 (n=4, 5). The experimental vertical detachment energies of LaCu2O4− and LaCu2O5− are determined to be 3.70 and 3.79 eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations show that the most stable structures of LaCu2O4,5− are mainly composed of LaCu2O3 six-membered ring, with an additional O atom or O2 unit interacting with the La atom. In LaCu2O4−, covalent interaction is presented between the external O atom and the LaCu2O3 six-membered ring. As for LaCu2O5− anion, a weak interaction dominated by inductive force is presented between the external O2 unit and the LaCu2O3 six-membered ring.
Single silver ions facilitate intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer and C–C bond dissociation of neurotransmitters
Authors: Yi Qiuhao , Wu Haiming , Luo Zhixun
Published: December 2023

Tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and histidine (His), known as three essential amino acids, are also precursors of vital neurotransmitters in brain nutrient metabolism. In this study, we have conducted a gas-phase study on their interactions with silver ions by a customized reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer combined with a magnetron sputtering source and a downstream flow tube reactor. It is unveiled that these physiological molecules are readily dissociated in the presence of Ag+ ions, giving rise to fragmentation and recombination products. Utilizing density functional theory calculations, we have clarified the reaction mechanism of the dissociative process. It is found that the silver ions facilitate the hydrogen atom transfer reaction followed by competitive Cα–Cβ and Cβ–Cγ bond dissociation. This study enriches the basic and precise properties of such neurotransmitter molecules and helps us understand similar physiological mechanisms in vivo.
Few-femtosecond electronic and structural rearrangements of CH4+ driven by the Jahn–Teller effect
Authors: Zinchenko Kristina S. , Ardana-Lamas Fernando , Lanfaloni Valentina Utrio , Monahan Nicholas , Seidu Issaka , Schuurman Michael S. , Neville Simon P. , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: December 2023

The Jahn–Teller effect (JTE) is central to the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of a broad variety of molecules and materials. Whereas the manifestations of the JTE in stationary properties of matter are relatively well studied, the study of JTE-induced dynamics is still in its infancy, largely owing to its ultrafast and non-adiabatic nature. For example, the time scales reported for the distortion of CH4+ from the initial Td geometry to a nominal C2v relaxed structure range from 1.85 fs over 10 ± 2 fs to 20 ± 7 fs. Here, by combining element-specific attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy and quantum-dynamics simulations, we show that the initial electronic relaxation occurs within 5 fs and that the subsequent nuclear dynamics are dominated by the Q2 scissoring and Q1 symmetric stretching modes, which dephase in 41 ± 10 fs and 13 ± 3 fs, respectively. Significant structural relaxation is found to take place only along the e-symmetry Q2 mode. These results demonstrate that CH4+ created by ionization of CH4 is best thought of as a highly fluxional species that possesses a long-time-averaged vibrational distribution centered around a D2d structure. The methods demonstrated in our work provide guidelines for the understanding of Jahn–Teller driven non-adiabatic dynamics in other more complex systems.
Demonstration of high-throughput magnetic hysteresis measurements based on spintronic THz emission
Authors: DeCamp M. F. , Bhatt S. , Hossain M. T. , Wu W. , Jungfleisch M. B.
Published: December 2023

Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitters have been shown to be a cost-efficient source for use in time-domain THz spectroscopy. The use of external magnetic fields to control the polarity of the THz emission provides an opportunity to measure the magnetization of spintronic materials as well as shaping THz emission. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method of measuring magnetic hysteresis with material sensitivity and speed several orders of magnitude greater than typical magnetometry methods. In addition, we utilize the rapid control of material magnetization for lock-in detection in time-domain THz spectroscopy of spintronic emitters. The ability to rapidly control and measure the material magnetization on very small volumes provides an opportunity to study magnetic hetero-structures with sub-micron spatial resolution.
Reductive perturbation method in magnetized plasma and role of negative ions
Authors: Saleem H. , Shan Shaukat Ali , Poedts S.
Published: December 2023

An analysis of reductive perturbation method (RPM) is presented to show why the solitary structures of non-linear ion acoustic waves (IAWs) cannot be obtained in magnetized electron ion plasma by employing this technique. In RPM, the non-linear Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived using stretched co-ordinates in the reference frame of the wave phase speed, considering the dispersion to be a higher-order effect that balances the non-linearity to produce a solitary structure. The maximum amplitude |Φm| of the non-linear solitary wave turns out to be larger than one that contradicts the small amplitude approximation. In the presence of negative ions, the maximum amplitude satisfies the condition |Φm|<1. To elaborate these points, the results have been applied to an experimental plasma consisting of positive ions of xenon (Xe+) and negative ions of fluorene (F−) along with electrons. The amplitude and width of the solitary structures depend upon the ratio of the electron to positive ion density (ne0ni0). Since the non-linear coefficient turns out to be negative, rarefied (dip) solitons are formed in the magnetized Xe+−F−−e plasma.
Rising of asymmetric bubble through milli-tubes: Experimental, theoretical and numerical analysis
Authors: Jose Jefin , Kundu Anup , Pal Dipankar , Dutta Sayantan , Rawal Ankit , Pramanik Ranjan , Kumar Gaurav
Published: December 2023

Appearance of Taylor bubble is ubiquitous in two-phase fluid flow through millimeter-sized tubes. Precise control over bubble generation and stability in those tubes are instrumental in unit processes in fine chemical industries. In this article, we systematically study the role of wall surface wettability in the structure and dynamics of the gaseous bubble flowing through water across milli-tubes. Specifically, from imaging experiments, we find that in a non-wettable milli-tube, the bubble loses its axial symmetry to reduce contact of the liquid phase with the tube wall. Moreover, we observe that the bubble speed is significantly higher in hydrophobic-coated tubes in comparison to the tubes without coating. Computational simulation balancing the viscous, gravitational, and surface forces recovers the observed effect of surface wettability on bubble shape and velocity. Finally, we establish the observed quantitative correlation between the bubble velocity and the surface wettability using an analytical model. Altogether, integrating experiments, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, we demonstrated the significant influence of wall-surface wettability in the shape and velocity of the Taylor bubble through milli-tubes.