bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Evidence-Based Review of Statin Use in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Sigler Meredith A , Congdon Lee , Edwards Krystal L
Published: July 2018

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication in patients with metabolic syndrome. The role of statin therapy specifically for the treatment of NAFLD remains unknown. The aim of this review is to discuss outcomes of recent articles analyzing statin therapy in patients with NAFLD.

Findings:

A total of 12 trials met the inclusion criteria. Statins were not found to increase the prevalence of NAFLD once confounding variables were considered. Statins were also found to be beneficial in treating dyslipidemia and improving liver function. Histological liver outcomes in patients with NAFLD were controversial. One trial found a reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the use of statins.

Conclusions:

Overall, therapy with statins appears to be safe for use in patients with NAFLD. Several trials have validated the use of statins for the treatment of dyslipidemia; however, it remains unknown as to whether statins should be used to specifically treat NAFLD.
An enhanced genetic algorithm–based multi-objective design optimization strategy
Authors: Yuan Rong , Li Haiqing , Wang Qingyuan
Published: July 2018

In this study, an enhanced genetic algorithm is proposed to solve multi-objective design and optimization problems in practical engineering. In the given approach, designers choose available design results from the given samples first. These samples are re-ordered according to their mutual relationships. After that, designers choose an exact ratio of conformity as available field. Furthermore, more weight information can be obtained through finding the minimum value of the norm of unconformity and satisfactory samples. These samples can be used to reflect the preference chosen for Pareto design solutions. A structure design problem of speed increaser used in wind turbine generator systems is solved to show the application of the given design strategy.
Mediating a Disney-style Islam: The Emergence of Egyptian Islamic Animated Cartoons
Authors: Sayfo Omar
Published: July 2018

As early as the 1930s, Egypt was the first Arab country to establish an animation production. While the majority of productions in the eight-decade history of the industry have been aimed at a national audience and conveyed through locally relevant messages, a growing number of films and series on Islamic topics targeting a transnational Muslim audience have emerged since the 1990s. This article examines the growth and characteristics of Egyptian Islamic animated cartoons and the Islamization of animation. It explores how the Egyptian state’s politics in the 1990s and its tightening affiliations with al-Azhar, the country’s highest religious authority, paved the way for such a production. Through a close study of the case of Qisas al-Qur’an (Stories from the Qur’an), the country’s most significant production to date in terms of budget, quality and distribution, this article provides an introduction to the characteristics of Egyptian Islamic animation.
Early Childhood and Media Representation: How does South Korean Animation Pororo the Little Penguin Reproduce Patriarchal Family Ideology?
Authors: Lee Claire Shinhea , Choi Jihee
Published: July 2018

This study examines the deeper cultural and social meaning of a South Korean popular edutainment animation Pororo the Little Penguin by analyzing 50 of its episodes. The article expands upon earlier studies of Pororo by not only analyzing gender stereotypes in Pororo’s narratives and aesthetics but also investigating these features within the larger frame of social discourse. The authors found that, despite the fact that Pororo seems to display friendship formation among children without adults’ intervention, it really reflects family relationships in South Korea and functions to reveal adults’ perspectives on them. Through positioning adult and children characters within the typical patriarchal Korean family, they argue that Pororo reproduces the patriarchal family ideology of today’s South Korea. This study therefore contributes to the field of children’s media and gender representation and the sociology of childhood.
The Radicalization of Abu Hamdie: Wider Lessons for the Ongoing Struggle Against Violent Extremism in Post-Marawi Mindanao
Authors: Ramakrishna Kumar
Published: July 2018

This essay examines the radicalization into violent extremism of a former Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) militant named Abu Hamdie. It first explores the violent Islamist ASG milieu within which he found himself embedded. Second, it examines how his experiences within a strategic node of the violent Islamist ecosystem in Marawi, the Darul Imam Shafii religious boarding school, facilitated his own radicalization. The essay finally suggests three broad lessons that may be learned from the specific Abu Hamdie radicalization experience for the ongoing struggle against violent extremism in post-Marawi Mindanao: first, the ideological ecosystem of Islamist extremism of which Darul Imam Shafii was an important node must be dismantled; second, the role of long-standing Bangsamoro socio-political and historical grievances must be urgently addressed by the Philippine authorities and third, the increasingly pervasive influence of puritanical Wahhabi ideas, that have rendered impressionable young people susceptible to violent extremist ideological narratives, needs countering.
Assembled Identities and Intersectional Advocacy in Literacy Research
Authors: Brochin Carol
Published: July 2018

In this article, I present an overview of intersectionality, and its critiques as well as make visible how it is enacted in elementary school classrooms. I focus primarily on issues of gender expression, sexuality, and family diversity as a way of centering the role of advocacy in our work as teachers and researchers. Many language arts teachers, especially those in bilingual and multicultural settings, already practice inclusivity with students who bring diversity of languages and literacies to the classroom. Expanding these practices to include attention to gender expression, sexuality, and family diversity is an example of how an intersectional lens builds upon what most teachers are already doing—creating classrooms that explicitly reflect the intersectional identities of students. I conclude with a focus on how elementary school teachers can draw from students’ multiple identities and develop intersectional advocacy in their classrooms and schools.
A survey of opinion: When to start oral anticoagulants in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Munn David , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H , Fischer Urs , Werring David J , Robinson Thompson G , Dawson Jesse
Published: July 2018

Introduction

There is uncertainty regarding the optimal timing for initiation of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with recent ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation. We surveyed the current UK practice and assessed clinician’s opinions of when to use oral anticoagulant in recent stroke patients with atrial fibrillation.

Patients and methods

An online survey was sent to stroke physicians within the United Kingdom via their national societies.

Results

One hundred and twenty-one clinicians responded to the survey. Ninety-five percent of responders agreed that there was uncertainty regarding timing of oral anticoagulant initiation after atrial fibrillation-related ischaemic stroke. Thirty-six percent of responders followed the ‘1–3–6–12’ European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommendation. Uncertainty was greater in cases of moderate stroke than in cases of transient ischaemic attack (TIA), mild or severe stroke. Eighty-eight percent of responders would be willing to participate in a clinical trial of early versus later initiation of oral anticoagulant after stroke. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants were the preferred oral anticoagulant of choice.

Discussion and Conclusion

There is a lack of consensus amongst stroke physicians for when to initiate oral anticoagulant to prevent recurrence in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation. There is little uncertainty regarding TIA. A clinical trial assessing the use of early versus later initiation of direct-acting oral anticoagulant in patients with recent ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation would be beneficial.
关于西汉诸侯王玺印的一些推测 一一从长沙王玺和长沙王印说起
Authors: 罗小华
Published: July 2018

摘要

关于西汉诸侯王的玺印, 传世文献的记载并不多, 相关实物更是少之又少, 目前仅有 “滇王之印” 是考古发掘出土的夷王之印, 另有三王之玺和二王之印也只留下封泥。2009 年, 公安部门追缴回来的 “长沙王玺” 和 “长沙王印” , 为同一区域的诸侯王所有, 为学界探讨西汉时期诸侯王的玺印制度提供了非常重要的依据。
Patient-Reported Toxicity During Pelvic Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: NRG Oncology–RTOG 1203
Authors: Klopp Ann H. , Yeung Anamaria R. , Deshmukh Snehal , Gil Karen M. , Wenzel Lari , Westin Shannon N. , Gifford Kent , Gaffney David K. , Small William , Thompson Spencer , Doncals Desiree E. , Cantuaria Guilherme H.C. , Yaremko Brian P. , Chang Amy , Kundapur Vijayananda , Mohan Dasarahally S. , Haas Michael L. , Kim Yong Bae , Ferguson Catherine L. , Pugh Stephanie L. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Bruner Deborah W.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

NRG Oncology/RTOG 1203 was designed to compare patient-reported acute toxicity and health-related quality of life during treatment with standard pelvic radiation or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in women with cervical and endometrial cancer.

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to standard four-field radiation therapy (RT) or IMRT radiation treatment. The primary end point was change in patient-reported acute GI toxicity from baseline to the end of RT, measured with the bowel domain of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC). Secondary end points included change in patient-reported urinary toxicity, change in GI toxicity measured with the Patient-Reported Outcome Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, and quality of life measured with the Trial Outcome Index.

Results

From 2012 to 2015, 289 patients were enrolled, of whom 278 were eligible. Between baseline and end of RT, the mean EPIC bowel score declined 23.6 points in the standard RT group and 18.6 points in the IMRT group ( P = .048), the mean EPIC urinary score declined 10.4 points in the standard RT group and 5.6 points in the IMRT group ( P = .03), and the mean Trial Outcome Index score declined 12.8 points in the standard RT group and 8.8 points in the IMRT group ( P = .06). At the end of RT, 51.9% of women who received standard RT and 33.7% who received IMRT reported frequent or almost constant diarrhea ( P = .01), and more patients who received standard RT were taking antidiarrheal medications four or more times daily (20.4% v 7.8%; P = .04).

Conclusion

Pelvic IMRT was associated with significantly less GI and urinary toxicity than standard RT from the patient’s perspective.
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine for Patients With HER2-Mutant Lung Cancers: Results From a Phase II Basket Trial
Authors: Li Bob T. , Shen Ronglai , Buonocore Darren , Olah Zachary T. , Ni Ai , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Ulaner Gary A. , Offin Michael , Feldman Daniel , Hembrough Todd , Cecchi Fabiola , Schwartz Sarit , Pavlakis Nick , Clarke Stephen , Won Helen H. , Brzostowski Edyta B. , Riely Gregory J. , Solit David B. , Hyman David M. , Drilon Alexander , Rudin Charles M. , Berger Michael F. , Baselga José , Scaltriti Maurizio , Arcila Maria E. , Kris Mark G.
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ( HER2, ERBB2)–activating mutations occur in 2% of lung cancers. We assessed the activity of ado-trastuzumab emtansine, a HER2-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, in a cohort of patients with HER2-mutant lung cancers as part of a phase II basket trial.

Patients and Methods

Patients received ado-trastuzumab emtansine at 3.6 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks until progression. The primary end point was overall response rate using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1. A Simon two-stage optimal design was used. Other end points included progression-free survival and toxicity. HER2 testing was performed on tumor tissue by next generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and protein mass spectrometry.

Results

We treated 18 patients with advanced HER2-mutant lung adenocarcinomas. The median number of prior systemic therapies was two (range, zero to four prior therapies). The partial response rate was 44% (95% CI, 22% to 69%), meeting the primary end point. Responses were seen in patients with HER2 exon 20 insertions and point mutations in the kinase, transmembrane, and extracellular domains. Concurrent HER2 amplification was observed in two patients. HER2 immunohistochemistry ranged from 0 to 2+ and did not predict response, and responders had low HER2 protein expression measured by mass spectrometry. The median progression-free survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 9 months). Toxicities included grade 1 or 2 infusion reactions, thrombocytopenia, and elevated hepatic transaminases. No patient stopped therapy as a result of toxicity or died on study.

Conclusion

Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is an active agent in patients with HER2-mutant lung cancers. This is the first positive trial in this molecular subset of lung cancers. Further use and study of this agent are warranted.
Postoperative Hearing Loss in a Patient With Crouzon Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Butler Carolyn Goldberg , Kenna Margaret A. , Nargozian Charles D.
Published: July 2018

Sudden postoperative hearing loss is rare, and thought to be caused by a variety of mechanisms.
1
Here we report on a patient with Crouzon syndrome who experienced multiple episodes of postoperative hearing loss, with persistent hearing loss occurring after she received nitrous oxide as part of a general anesthetic. Nitrous oxide is known to cause pressure changes in closed air spaces. Patients with craniofacial syndromes may have acoustic nerve compression from skull base and cartilage anomalies that cause narrowing of the internal acoustic meatus.
2
These anatomic variations may make patients more susceptible to increased middle ear pressure secondary to nitrous oxide, increasing their risk for hearing loss.
Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia With Intravenous Administration of Zinc Sulfate: A Case Report
Authors: Lin Yao-Tsung , Lan Kuo-Mao , Wang Li-Kai , Chen Jen-Yin
Published: July 2018

Gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are first-line drugs for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), but some PHN patients have inadequate therapeutic response. Zinc deficiency has been identified as a risk factor for PHN. Zinc can alleviate pain through binding to Ca(v)3.2 T-channels and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. Mechanisms of gabapentinoids on neuropathic pain include inhibiting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and calcium channels. The aforementioned findings provide a molecular pain-relieving basis for zinc supplements as an add-on therapy to pregabalin. We report 2 zinc-deficient PHN patients who received zinc sulfate intravenously as an add-on therapy to pregabalin and responded well.
Airway Management Approach in Nasocutaneous Fistula: A Case Report
Authors: Sanoja Ivanna A. , Toth Kenneth S.
Published: July 2018

We present a case of a 63-year-old man with nasocutaneous fistula located outside the area covered by a large adult facemask. The patient was uncooperative for the standard airway assessment and any attempt at awake intubation. Positive pressure ventilation was compromised by the fistula. Although the incidence of overall complications, including fistula formation, following free flap reconstruction for oropharyngeal cancer is reported as high as 20%, few case reports detailing airway management exist. We demonstrate that it is possible to use conventional techniques to induce and ventilate a patient with a large, externalized, airway fistula by covering the defect with an occlusive transparent dressing.
Cervicogenic Dizziness Successfully Treated With Upper Cervical Medial Branch Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation: A Case Report
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Grover Michael J.
Published: July 2018

Cervicogenic dizziness is a sensation of disequilibrium caused by abnormal afferent activity from the neck. Its diagnosis and treatment are challenging. In a case of cervicogenic dizziness, we performed diagnostic upper cervical medial branch nerve blocks with near complete symptomatic relief for around 20 hours. Radiofrequency ablation of these nerves resulted in near complete relief for 7 months. Subsequent repeat ablations provided the same relief lasting for 6–10 months. This case suggests that upper cervical medial branch block can serve as a diagnostic test for cervicogenic dizziness, and radiofrequency ablation of these nerves might be an effective treatment.
Successful Management of a Patient With X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy for Scoliosis Surgery and Previous Cardiac Arrest After Prone Positioning: A Case Report
Authors: Flaherty Devon C. , Lonner Baron , Gal Jonathan S.
Published: July 2018

A 15-year-old boy with X-linked myotubular myopathy associated with severe hypotonia and pectus excavatum presented for posterior spinal fusion of T2-sacrum because of rest pain and severe progressive neuromuscular scoliosis. Previously, he experienced 2 separate instances of cardiac arrest after prone positioning under general anesthesia. A preoperative computed topography angiogram in the supine and prone positions revealed inferior vena cava and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction on prone positioning. Successful positioning and posterior spinal fusion occurred by staging the procedure, correction of volume status, early use of vasoactive and inotropic agents, and oblique prone positioning.
A Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Presenting as Massive Nasopharyngeal Bleeding: A Case Report
Authors: Zvara Jessica , Hafen Ryan D. , Angelotti Timothy
Published: July 2018

Patients who present with a subarachnoid hemorrhage may have more than 1 intracranial aneurysm at risk, which may not be appreciated until a subsequent aneurysmal bleeding event occurs. We describe a patient who underwent successful aneurysmal clipping, but later presented urgently with large-volume epistaxis 48 hours after the procedure. After successful intubation of the patient, subsequent angiographic imaging determined that the massive intranasal/oral hemorrhage was due to bleeding through the former operative site, from rupture of a previously unrecognized aneurysm. This series of events demonstrates the importance of selecting the most at-risk aneurysm for surgical intervention.
Rigid Esophagoscopy–Induced Aortic Rupture During Oral Gastric Tube Placement in Patient With Esophageal Stricture: A Case Report
Authors: Hsu Derek Y. , Gabel Eilon
Published: July 2018

This is the first account of significant aortic injury during diagnostic rigid esophagoscopy in an adult with an esophageal stricture. We describe the resultant hemothorax and hemodynamic collapse and the successful treatment with massive volume resuscitation, vasopressors, and timely surgical intervention including thoracic endovascular aortic repair. We discuss the importance of rapid diagnosis, relevant anatomy, treatment modalities, and communication as cornerstones for learning.
Axillary Artery Dissection After Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Case Report
Authors: Pace Meredith M.
Published: July 2018

A 52-year-old man with end-stage renal disease underwent ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block for revision of an arteriovenous fistula. On postoperative day 2, the patient developed pain and loss of motor function in the surgical extremity. A computed tomography angiogram revealed complete dissection of the axillary artery. The dissection was emergently treated with a bypass graft, resulting in complete resolution of paralysis and pain. Sensory deficits resolved over the next 3 days. Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic intake of a calcineurin inhibitor might have predisposed the patient to iatrogenic arterial dissection.
Regional Anesthesia in the Setting of Arm Replantation: A Case Report
Authors: Stevens Gregory J. , Durning Steven J. , Stevens Samuel D. , Lowery David R.
Published: July 2018

The perioperative implementation of continuous peripheral nerve blocks is poorly described within the literature for replantation surgeries beyond digital replantation. The management of replantation patients presents a challenging balance between pain control and limb perfusion. We report the successful use of a continuous interscalene catheter in a therapeutically anticoagulated patient after midshaft humerus arm replantation. The benefits of the continuous peripheral nerve block for the patient included improved pain control and potentially improved limb perfusion making it a valuable component of this patient’s treatment.
Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload as a Result of Plasma Transfusion to Correct International Normalized Ratio Before an Invasive Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Cahill Christine M. , Blumberg Neil , Refaai Majed A.
Published: July 2018

Plasma transfusion is commonly used to correct elevated international normalized ratio (INR) before invasive procedures. A 54-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Workup revealed Streptococcus pneumoniae peritonitis. Her hospitalization was complicated by respiratory failure, fluid overload, atrial fibrillation, and acute kidney injury. Patient underwent 2 paracentesis (9 L removed). Four units of plasma were transfused to correct an INR of 3.0 (goal 1.5) for a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure. INR remained at 1.9, and she developed acute pulmonary edema and died within 24 hours. Prothrombin complex concentrates may have been a more appropriate treatment option in this case.
Novel Treatment Using Intravenous Dantrolene Sodium for Postoperative Exacerbated Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report
Authors: Sturgill Emily L. , Wittwer Robert L.
Published: July 2018

Patients with upper motor neuron disease, such as multiple sclerosis, can present with severe spasticity in the perioperative period. In most cases, this can be managed with a combination of preoperative oral medications, regional or neuraxial anesthetic techniques, and intravenous muscle relaxants. We describe the clinical presentation of a patient with multiple sclerosis and the successful use of intravenous dantrolene sodium postoperatively for the treatment of exacerbated spasticity refractory to traditional management.
Swift, Ramsay, and “the Cabala, as Masonry Was Call’d in Those Days”
Authors: Schuchard Marsha Keith
Published: July 2018

When Jonathan Swift anonymously published A Letter from the Grand Mistress of the Female Freemasons (Dublin, 1724), he entered a political minefield, for it was a mocking response to James Anderson’s Constitutions of the Freemasons (London, 1723). Swift countered Anderson’s “modern,” Anglocentric, pro-Hanoverian history with his account of more “ancient” Scots-Irish traditions. He drew on his Masonic experiences in Dublin in 1688 and Ulster in 1695, where he learned of the Solomonic, Cabalistic, and Lullist themes of early Stuart Masonry. From his readings in Rosicrucian and Cabalistic works, he developed a “drolling” technique of linguistic and allegorical satire that protected him from government prosecution. Though he was not a practitioner of the esoteric Masonic rituals, his great admirer, Chevalier Andrew Michael Ramsay, determined to implement them in Écossais lodges maintained by exiled Jacobites.
Habilidades Sociais e Comorbidades Psiquiátricas de Mulheres Usuárias de Crack
Authors: Limberger Jéssica , Andretta Ilana
Published: July 2018

A literatura aponta que características clínicas como a depressão relacionam-se com baixas habilidades sociais. Em mulheres usuárias de crack, tais questões ainda são pouco estudadas. Este estudo objetiva identificar as associações entre habilidades sociais e comorbidades psiquiátricas dessa população. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e correlacional, sendo utilizados como instrumentos: questionário de dados sociodemográficos e de uso de drogas, MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del Prette), Screening Cognitivo do WAIS-III e SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders). Participaram 62 mulheres em internação hospitalar, com média de idade de 33,45 anos (DP=8,14). Mulheres com Episódio Depressivo Maior apresentaram escores significativamente menores no autocontrole da agressividade. Além disso, houve associação entre déficits em habilidades sociais e Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline. Evidencia-se a necessidade de considerar as comorbidades psiquiátricas como um dos fatores que prejudicam o uso das habilidades sociais. Intervenções como o Treinamento em Habilidades Sociais devem ser planejadas a partir de tais comorbidades.
O desafio das competências no serviço público: contribuições teóricas
Authors: Sousa Claudete Francisco de , Muniz Hélder Pordeus
Published: July 2018

Este artigo propõe uma discussão teórica sobre competências no serviço público a partir da perspectiva ergológica e segundo a contribuição sociológica de Zarifian. A ergologia enfatiza a importância de se criticar a simplificação das mensurações das competências sugerindo uma abordagem do agir em competência com base em ingredientes. Zarifian apresenta o conceito de relação de serviço entendido como uma transformação nas condições de atividade do usuário mediante suas necessidades. Ambas as abordagens envolvem a necessidade de uma gestão de competências centrada no ponto de vista da atividade e fazem a crítica de um gerenciamento que exclua os trabalhadores das decisões sobre o seu trabalho.
Psicanálise e Assistência Social: O Sujeito entre a Demanda e o Desejo
Authors: Dias Thayane Bastos Moura , Chaves Wilson Camilo , Kyrillos Neto Fuad
Published: July 2018

Refletimos aqui sobre as contribuições da Teoria Psicanalítica na especificidade da Política Socioassistencial. Trata-se de uma reflexão teórica orientada pelos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Psicanálise. A prerrogativa do cenário em questão é que o atendimento socioassistencial, voltado para a resolução das demandas dos usuários, seja pilar nessa instituição. O profissional de orientação psicanalítica, como técnico de referência do CRAS, deve ficar atento à demanda acerca dos direitos sociais. Esse é o objetivo primordial dessa instituição. No entanto, seu compromisso com a ética do desejo deve ser pautado na instituição. A diferenciação entre necessidade, demanda e desejo, orientada pela teoria psicanalítica, nos auxilia a diferenciar o que há de implícito na demanda socioassistencial que é endereçada ao CRAS. A afirmação de que há desejo, e não apenas necessidade no âmbito da Assistência Social, nos esclarece que existem sujeitos nessa instituição, e não simplesmente usuários. Uma prática institucional alicerçada na escuta se desdobra na consideração do sujeito no lugar do agente de um saber. Essa escuta propicia condições para o surgimento do sujeito em sua condição de desejante.
As representações parentais em crianças institucionalizadas filhos de usuária de crack
Authors: Both Luciane Maria , Benetti Sílvia Pereira da Cruz
Published: July 2018

O uso do crack pelos pais é o principal motivo de acolhimento institucional infantil e afeta as representações mentais das figuras parentais. Entretanto, são precários estudos com essa problemática. Assim, este estudo investigou as representações mentais de crianças institucionalizadas filhos de usuária de crack. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com três crianças institucionalizadas da mesma família. Instrumentos utilizados: MacArthur Narrative Coding Manual (MSSB), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), desenho da família e investigada história familiar. Observaram-se comportamentos e emoções prejudiciais que indicam um ambiente desestruturado para o desenvolvimento mental das crianças. Destaca-se a negligência de cuidados e afetos, ocasionando representações mentais negativas. Verificou-se que as figuras de cuidado foram apresentadas como punitivas, disciplinadoras e ineficazes. Ressalta-se que a compreensão das representações parentais auxilia no entendimento das conflitivas infantis, planejamento da intervenção, mudança terapêutica e ações preventivas.
Narrativas desenvolvimentais de médiuns da umbanda à luz do modelo bioecológico
Authors: Scorsolini-Comin Fábio , Campos Maria Teresa de Assis
Published: July 2018

A mediunidade representa uma prática de cunho cultural presente em diferentes tradições. Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer os processos desenvolvimentais de pessoas que atuam como médiuns em comunidades umbandistas. A amostra foi composta por cinco médiuns do sexo feminino e com idades entre 26 e 43 anos. Foram empregadas a técnica da história oral de vida e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. A análise foi realizada a partir do modelo bioecológico do desenvolvimento humano. É possível dizer que a umbanda e a mediunidade atuam no macrossistema e no macrotempo, pois inserem as médiuns em uma história social e em um contexto cultural que passa a dar sentido às suas experiências. A umbanda e o trabalho mediúnico apareceram como ferramentas importantes no enfrentamento de momentos considerados críticos, como situações de adoecimento e de maior instabilidade emocional. Tornar-se médium representou uma transição ecológica significativa, de modo que a mediunidade foi um marco no desenvolvimento das participantes ao longo do ciclo vital, oferecendo repertórios simbólicos e culturais para a compreensão de suas histórias de vida.
Validity study of intelligence subtests for a Brazilian giftedness assessment battery
Authors: Nakano Tatiana De Cássia , Gomes Luísa Bastos , Oliveira Karina Da Silva , Peixoto Evandro Morais
Published: July 2018

Considering the importance of validity evidence studies when designing psychological instruments, this study intended on verifying the construct validity of reasoning subtests, through convergent evidence and CFA, as part of a battery for giftedness assessment. A Manova was also applied to evaluate sex and grade differences. The sample was composed of 96 students, in which 49 were female, with 6th grade (n=15), 7th grade (n=12), 8th grade (n=49) students and 2nd year (n=20) students from a public school in the state of São Paulo, aged between 10 and 18 (M = 13.4 years, SD = 1.8). The participants answered the Raven Progressive Matrices Test (general scale) and reasoning subtests that belong to the Battery for Giftedness Assessment (BAHA/G). The results from Pearson's correlation indicated convergence as the majority of the factors composed in BAHA/G showed positive and significant correlations with the Raven test factors, and the CFA displayed two latent variables with strong correlations, particularly among their total score (r=.976). With these results, we found the moderate relationship between these instruments. Further studies are recommended on other types of validity evidence of these subtests to confirm its psychometric qualities.
ÁSIA CENTRAL: A IMPORTÂNCIA GEOESTRATÉGICA DE UMA REGIÃO DESCONHECIDA
Authors: Christian Dias dos Santos Jonathan
Published: July 2018

Quando se fala em Ásia Central, é exígua a quantidade de materiais que retratem a região e sua memória. Em termos históricos e culturais, os territórios que integram a Ásia Central são de magnitudes elevadas quando observados a partir de um viés geoestratégico. Cercados por emergentes potências mundiais como China (a leste), Índia (ao sul) e Rússia (ao norte), os Estados centro-asiáticos no decorrer da história do período moderno se revela como uma área de muitos haveres que interessam tanto ao Ocidente, quanto ao Oriente. Neste artigo discutimos a dimensão geoestratégica desta zona do planeta, partindo de uma perspectiva da Geografia Política, com base em livros e artigos que possam contribuir para a melhor compreensão do tema.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DA MULHER À LUZ DA LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA
Authors: Santos Caroline Delfino
Published: July 2018

A subalternização da mulher em relação ao homem vem sendo alvo de contínuas reflexões e estudos. Embora as legislações vigentes apresentem avanços quanto ao direito feminino, nas relações cotidianas ainda encontramos vestígios de uma sociedade patriarcal, cuja história fundamenta-se em relações de opressão e machismo. Assim, o referido artigo apresenta como objetivo analisar processos históricos de subalternização da mulher. Para tal nos utilizaremos do método de análise documental, estabelecendo como principal fonte legislações brasileiras tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1930 até a presente data. Os resultados preliminares do presente estudo sinalizam que culturalmente as leis refletem os padrões da sociedade e corroboram para a manutenção da condição da mulher sempre subjugada e vista a partir da existência do homem. Os instrumentos normativos analisados apontam para a ratificação da hierarquia de gênero, respaldando a soberania do primeiro sobre o segundo sexo (BEAUVOIR, 2016). Concluímos que, mesmo as legislações contemporâneas a favor das mulheres, são instituídas a partir de parâmetros pautados no comportamento masculino, sendo este uma referência para todo e qualquer discurso relacionado às questões de gênero.
An update on local anaesthesia in orthodontics
Authors: Harris Lydia MJ , Grewal Sukhraj , Puryer James , Naish Hywel , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: July 2018

Abstract: With the increasing use of temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics the use of topical and local anaesthesia is becoming more common in everyday practice. The mode of action, types of anaesthetic and the potential local and systemic complications will be described.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: A knowledge of local anaesthetics is essential for any orthodontist, particularly with the increasing popularity of the use of temporary anchorage devices.
Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India
Authors: PANDA MUKTIPADA , SAMAL RABINDRO NATH , BHATTA KRUPA SINDHU , LENKA SASMITA , PATRA HEMANTA KUMAR , NANDA SUSANTA
Published: July 2018

Panda M, Samal RN, Bhatta KS, Lenka S, Rout J, Patra HK, Nanda S. 2018. Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 1-12. Macrophytes are indispensable component of any wetlands. They are the base of the trophic structure and variously affect function of aquatic ecosystem. Large invasion of macrophytes enforced for present studies in Ansupa Lake, the largest freshwater lake of the state Odisha (India) to identify the causative plant species. Regular field inspection, quadratic sampling and specimen collections were carried to identify the present macrophytes of the lake and their quantitative aspects like frequency of occurrences, abundance, values of diversity indices, adaptation and growth forms and species distribution etc. A total of 244 macrophyte species were identified that includes 182 semi-aquatic and 62 obligatory aquatic macrophytes. The latter group had 35% submerged, 15% free floating, 31% rooted floating and 19% marshy plant species. The comparison of growth form showed 64% annuals and remaining 36% perennial plants. The diversity indices resulted, Simpson complement index-0.561, Shannon-Weiner index-1.367, Species richness index 3.079 and Species evenness index-0.156. The study showed that the lake provides suitable habitats for existence of a diverse group of macrophytes but still due to large invasion of few species has threatened the lake which needs to be managed properly to restore the health of this natural resource for the benefit of mankind.
Towards the good profession: improving the status of women in political science
Authors: Atchison Amy L.
Published: July 2018

Although women have made considerable inroads into political science, they still comprise only about one third of the profession. Women political scientists are concentrated at lower ranks and less prestigious institutions, less likely to be published in the discipline’s top journals, and cited less frequently than men. There are indicators that women’s marginalisation is related to exclusion from predominantly male networks in the discipline; thus, I propose a research agenda to map the extent of women’s marginalisation in political science. In turn, I hope that this body of knowledge will push political scientists to address the structural inequalities embedded in the field.
Misogyny and transformations
Authors: Dovi Suzanne
Published: July 2018

Contemporary politics is marked by both misogyny and transformations. This article offers one way to understand the relationship between these two phenomena, namely, as a double bind. Such an understanding recognises how transformations and misogyny can be mutually constituted and implicated in ways that have not been adequately acknowledged. Some women benefit from misogyny and some women are harmed by transformations. The author identifies four tactics that constrain women in politics and thereby construct double binds. I call these constraints the four faces of misogyny.
Revisiting gender equality at times of recession: a discussion of the strategies of gender and politics scholarship for dealing with equality
Authors: Kantola Johanna , Verloo Mieke
Published: July 2018

The aim of this article is to explore the ways in which gender equality is used in gender and politics research. We contend that the political and theoretical relevance of studying the multiple meanings of gender equality is enhanced by current crises. We discern four strategies used in gender and politics research: (1) escaping equality; (2) fixing equality; (3) deconstructing equality; or (4) delegating equality to political theory. This article is motivated by the belief that what is needed is not only more reflection on these choices, but also a productive dialogue between the different strategies.
Methods, methodologies and epistemologies in the study of gender and politics
Authors: Tripp Aili Mari , Hughes Melanie M.
Published: July 2018

This ‘state of the art’ contribution reviews the methods, methodologies and epistemologies employed in gender and politics scholarship over time. We discuss the orientations and approaches of early scholars of Women and Politics, who challenged the claims that political science was both gender-neutral and objective, through more recent debates in political science over methodological pluralism, transparency and replicability. We trace the broadening of the subfield, marked by greater appreciation and use of quantitative research and by greater use and tolerance of quantitative approaches. We point to obstacles and promising directions in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research, demonstrating the methodological pluralism of gender and politics research today.
Nudges for gender equality? What can behaviour change offer gender and politics?
Authors: Waylen Georgina
Published: July 2018

This article explores what behaviour change, with its associated methods, approaches and policy prescriptions, can offer gender and politics. After outlining the key elements of behaviour change, it considers the potential of its associated methods, primarily field experiments. The third section considers the potential contribution of behaviour change approaches by examining one area – social norms – that has recently become more salient for gender and politics. Finally, it examines behaviour change’s gender equality policy implications (‘nudges’). It concludes that despite significant problems, a critical, pluralist and problem-driven gender and politics scholarship should engage critically with behaviour change while remaining aware of its limitations.
Genomic Privacy
Authors: Schwab Abraham P , Luu Hung S , Wang Jason , Park Jason Y
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND

Genetic information is unique among all laboratory data because it not only informs the current health of the specific person tested but may also be predictive of the future health of the individual and, to varying degrees, all biological relatives.

CONTENT

As DNA sequencing has become ubiquitous with decreasing cost, large repositories of genomic data have emerged from the domains of research, healthcare, law enforcement, international security, and recreational consumer interest (i.e., genealogy). Broadly shared genomic data are believed to be a key element for future discoveries in human disease. For example, the National Cancer Institute's Genomic Data Commons is designed to promote cancer research discoveries by providing free access to the genome data sets of 12000 cancer patients. However, in parallel with the promise of curing diseases, genomic data also have the potential for harm. Genomic data that are deidentified by standard healthcare practices (e.g., removal of name, date of birth) can be reidentified by methods that combine genomic software with publicly available demographic databases (e.g., phone book). Recent law enforcement cases (i.e., Bear Brook Murders, Golden State Killer) in the US have demonstrated the power of combining DNA profiles with genealogy databases.

We examine the current environment of genomic privacy and confidentiality in the US and describe current and future risks to genomic privacy. Reidentification and inference of genetic information of biological relatives will become more important as larger databases of clinical, criminal, and recreational genomic information are developed over the next decade.
In/appropriate, ir/retrievable: Dragging out Singapore’s queer televisual archives
Authors: Khiun Liew Kai , Ismail Natasha
Published: July 2018

The sketch comedies Ra Ra Show (1993–1994) and the character of Liang Ximei of Comedy Night (1993–2000), performed by cross-dressing male entertainers, were prominent on Singapore television during the 1990s. However, the former was cancelled following complaints about its sexual innuendos and non-standard colloquial English or Singlis. The latter, caricaturing the desexualized ‘wholesome’ middle-aged housewife (commonly addressed as ‘auntie’ in Singapore), continues to endear the public. Two decades later, as television archives, the contrast between the two productions can be seen in the extent of their availability to the broader public. Unlike the continued ubiquity of Liang Ximei, Ra Ra Show remains largely unavailable despite fond collective memories. Against this backdrop is that of a highly interventionist state active in maintaining heteronormative ideals on the small screen. Through the study of the trajectories of these two productions, this article draws out the trajectory of televisual queer texts in Singapore from the in/appropriate stages of screenings to their ir/retrievability as queer archives.
A cultura no palco da economia: história, conceitos e aplicações no setor turístico da Ilha Mém de Sá (SE)
Authors: Mello Janaina Cardoso de , Silva Estefanni Patricia Santos , Faxina Fabiana
Published: July 2018

O artigo tem como primeiro objetivo apresentar os conceitos de “políticas públicas”, “políticas culturais”, “economia da cultura”, “indústrias culturais”, “indústrias criativas”, “economia criativa” em sua historicidade e relacionamentos existentes entre eles. O segundo momento busca analisar os números dos investimentos das políticas culturais perpassando os orçamentos do Programa Monumenta e do Prodetur. O estudo de caso do Turismo de Base Comunitária da Ilha Mem de Sá, no município sergipano de Itaporanga da Ajuda, finaliza a aplicação do corpus teórico à experiência prática de um modelo de turismo capaz de dialogar profundamente com o viés econômico da criatividade da cultura. A metodologia caracteriza-se como quali-quantitativa no levantamento bibliográfico e estatístico para análise comparativa, compreendendo ainda um trabalho de campo. A visão romântica da cultura que mantém um povo ligado à sua terra, que está solidificada nos elos de transmissão familiar sem a percepção de um retorno financeiro tem se fragmentado frente aos efeitos da globalização com ofertas sedutoras de ganho econômico. A economia, portanto, torna-se emblemática para repensar esse quadro a partir do turismo.
O Sistema Flexível de Turismo: avanço na análise sistêmica do Turismo
Authors: Velasquez Guilherme Garcia , Oliveira Josildete Pereira de
Published: July 2018

Considerando a dinamicidade e a complexidade da atividade turística, o presente estudo considera a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas como ideal para analisar a área. Isso pelo fato dela propiciar uma análise holística e complexa do turismo. Assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo de análise sistêmica capaz de analisar uma realidade turística e que considere as especificidades do turismo na pós-modernidade. Para tanto, foram analisadas propostas de análise sistêmica do turismo a partir da década de 60, confrontando-as às peculiaridades do turismo na “atualidade”, o que gerou a criação de um modelo sistêmico atualizado. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e bibliográfico com etapa empírica realizada no destino de Bonito-MS, com o intuito de validar o modelo criado (pauta de outro trabalho científico). Percebeu-se que a atividade turística resulta de um processo de transformação inerente à passagem dos séculos XX-XXI, caracterizada pela inserção da tecnologia no desenvolvimento das atividades, nas mudanças nas formas de comunicação, no apelo às questões da qualidade e ambientais. Assim, criou-se o denominado Sistema Flexível de Turismo, cuja maior característica foi a existência de elementos volantes, capazes de se moverem entre os subsistemas componentes do sistema, de acordo com a vocação da realidade estudada.
Modelling and Simulation of SF6 High-Voltage Circuit-Breakers - an Overview on Basics and Application of CFD Arc Simulation Tools
Authors: Reichert F. , Petchanka A. , Freton P. , Gonzalez J. J.
Published: July 2018

The paper gives an overview on the basics of CFD arc simulation tools with respect to the simulation of the fluid mechanical processes in the interrupter unit of SF6 high-voltage circuit-breakers at no-load and short-circuit switching-off processes. On the example of SF6 self-blast circuit-breakers the complete process from the analysis of the switching-off process to the creation of a modular simulation model consisting of several sub models is illustrated. Details to the modelling in the particular sub modules and to the implementation are given. The capability of a CFD arc simulation tool based on the program package ANSYS/FLUENT is demonstrated on the basis of selected simulation results. Furthermore case examples for the application of the presented CFD arc simulation tool in the development process of high-voltage circuit-breakers are given.
Non-equilibrium Studies in Switching Arc Plasmas in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Y. , Tomita K. , Inada Y. , Kumada A. , Hidaka K. , Fujino T. , Suzuki K. , Shinkai T.
Published: July 2018

This paper briefly introduce research work examples of non-equilibrium studies in switching arcs. In understanding arc behavior, one often assumes local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition in the arc plasma. However, actual arc plasmas are not completely and not always in LTE state because of strong temperature change temporally and spatially, and high electric field application etc. Recently, we have a collaboration work in numerical simulations and experimental approaches for decaying arcs without LTE assumption. First, our numerical model is presented for decaying arcs without chemical equilibrium assumption. Secondly, two experimental methods are introduced for measuring electron density in decaying arcs without LTE assumption: Laser Thomson Scattering method and the Schack-Hartmann method. Finally, comparison results is shown between the LTE simulation, the chemically non-equilibrium simulation, and the above experimental measurements.