bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of Data Transfer Agreements in ethically managing data sharing for research in South Africa
Authors: Mahomed S , Loots G , Staunton C
Published: August 2022

A multitude of legislation impacts the use of samples and data for research in South Africa (SA). With the coming into effect of the Protection of Personal Information Act No. 4 of 2013 (POPIA) in July 2021, recent attention has been given to safeguarding research participants’ personal information. The protection of participants’ privacy in research is essential, but it is not the only risk at stake in the use and sharing of personal information. Other rights and interests that must also be considered and safeguarded include the right to non-discrimination, the right to dignity, and the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress. This can be achieved by ensuring that the ethical values and universal principles that underpin the research landscape, namely equity, reciprocity, justice and solidarity, are embedded in the regulatory framework for the management and use of personal information. This paper advocates an integrated bioethics approach to the use of personal information for research in SA. A key feature in embedding such an approach is a Data Transfer Agreement (DTA) that appropriately integrates the safeguards and protections set out by our regulatory framework with bioethical rules and procedures when personal information is used and shared for research purposes. This paper thus calls for the development of a national DTA that is guided by key ethical principles when data are shared for research purposes. This paper will be followed by a webinar on 23 June 2022 hosted by the Department of Science and Innovation and the SA Medical Research Council, where the recommendations and suggestions set out herein will be unpacked, discussed and debated by relevant stakeholders.
Traumatic brain injury: Association between the Glasgow Coma Scale score and intensive care unit mortality
Authors: Mkubwa J J , Bedada A G , M T
Published: August 2022

Background. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) prevalence in Botswana is high and this, coupled with a small population, may reduce productivity. There is no previous study in Botswana on the association between mortality from TBI and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score although global literature supports its existence.Objectives. Our primary aim was to determine the association between the initial GCS score and the time to mortality of adults admitted with TBI at the Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana, between 2014 and 2019. Secondary aims were to assess the risk factors associated with time to mortality and to estimate the mortality rate from TBI.

Methods. This was a retrospective cohort design, medical record census conducted from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2019.Results. In total, 137 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and the majority, 114 (83.2%), were male with a mean age of 34.5 years. The initial GCS score and time to mortality were associated (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.508 - 0.947). Other factors associated with time to mortality included constricted pupil (aHR 0.12; 95% CI 0.044 - 0.344), temperature (aHR 0.82; 95% CI 0.727 - 0.929), and subdural haematoma (aHR 3.41; 95% CI 1.819 - 6.517). Most cases of TBI (74 (54%)) were due to road traffic accidents. The number of deaths was 48 (35% (95% CI 27.1% - 43.6%)), entirely due to severe TBI.Conclusion. The study confirmed significant association between GCS and mortality. Males were mainly involved in TBI. These findings lack external validity because of the small sample size, and therefore a larger multicentre study is required for validation.
The Database of Lithuanian multiword expressions
Authors: Bielinskienė Agnė , Boizou Loic , Bumbulienė Ieva , Kovalevskaitė Jolanta , Krilavičius Tomas , Mandravickaitė Justina , Rimkutė Erika , Vaičenonienė Jurgita , Vilkaitė-Lozdienė Laura
Published: August 2022

The Database of Lithuanian multiword expressions (MWEs) is freely accessible for online search at: https://resursai.pastovu.vdu.lt/paieska/paprastoji from 2019. It contains two-word and three-word MWEs extracted from the DELFI.lt corpus representing news texts on the various topics (https://klc.vdu.lt/pastovuSearch.html). First, 12,000 MWEs (mostly collocations, a few idioms) were included in the database. In 2022, the database was updated adding new collocations from the same corpus and filtering arbitrary collocations: out of appr. 19,000 collocations appr. 9000 are marked as arbitrary collocations, i.e., having lexical collocability restrictions. The database provides rich information about the usage of collocations: lemma, word forms, frequencies (in the DELFI.lt corpus), morphological information, syntactic relations, grammatical variants, text genres, and usage examples. Usage variation cases are also illustrated, for example, word order changes or insertions between collocation constituents.
TELEMEDICINE AND ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD IMPLEMENTATION IN RURAL AREA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Alfiyyah Arifah , Ayuningtyas Dumilah , Rahmanto Agus
Published: August 2022

The Indonesian Minister of Health 2019 issued regulations regarding the implementation of telemedicine services between health service facilities. Telemedicine is aimed primarily at rural areas. This research aims to look at the quality of telemedicine-based services, which are documented in an electronic health record (EHR) with complete information. This research uses the narrative literature review method:  Garuda journal channels, Google Scholar, IEEE Explorer, ProQuest, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. With the input-output process approach, eight scientific articles were published on countries with telemedicine/telehealth policies in rural areas. The implementation of telemedicine has advantages and disadvantages depending on the things supported and the target users. It must have policies, infrastructure, financial resources, and human resources to use, maintain and develop telemedicine. Telemedicine will help the health service process by increasing the degree of public health in rural areas if it is used on a large scale. The completeness of the EHR seems to be lacking in terms of informed consent. Still, a quality EHR can make it easier for health workers to enforce the history, establish the diagnosis, and provide patient healthcare.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF HALAL PRODUCT ASSURANCE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Fadliyah Hilyatul , Nurwahyuni Atik
Published: August 2022

After the implementation of halal product assurance (HPA) became a public policy, the assurance for halal pharmaceutical products is a must. However, the implementation has been relaxed for several years. This shows that the policy implementation is complicated. This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the implementation process of the HPA policy for pharmaceutical products in Indonesia. We applied Van Meter Van Horn’s theory using the qualitative method through in-depth interviews with eight informants and a review ten documents. The result shows that the implementation is going well but is still not optimal, especially from the point of view regarding halal certification for pharmaceutical products. The main obstacle for business actors in this implementation is obtaining halal raw materials because most of them are still imported. Moreover, a lack of massive socialization and education have also appeared. All stakeholders involved should improve performance according to their respective duties to implement better when the obligation has begun.
The relationship between non-aneurysmal spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage and basilar tip anatomy
Authors: Park Hangeul , Son Young-Je , Hong Noah , Kim Seung Bin
Published: August 2022

Objective: Non-aneurysmal spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (NASAH) has a good prognosis, but its cause has not been clearly identified. In this study, we assessed the clinical and radiological features of NASAH and suggested an anatomical relationship between the basilar tip anatomy and NASAH.Methods: From August 2013 to May 2020, 21 patients were diagnosed with NASAH at our institution. We evaluated the clinical features of NASAH. NASAH was classified into a perimesencephalic pattern and aneurysmal pattern according to the distribution of hemorrhage based on initial brain computed tomography. Digital subtraction angiography was used to classify the basilar tip anatomy into symmetric cranial fusion, symmetric caudal fusion, or asymmetric fusion types.Results: Of the 21 patients, twenty patients had a good clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 1–2; Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 4–5). These patients showed improvement in mRS and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the last follow-up (P=.003 and P=.016, respectively). Eighteen patients with NASAH (85.7%) had the caudal fusion type, and only three patients with NASAH (14.3%) had the cranial fusion type. Seven patients with the perimesencephalic pattern (77.8%) had the caudal fusion type, and eleven patients with the aneurysmal pattern (91.7%) had the caudal fusion type.Conclusions: In NASAH patients, the caudal fusion tends to occur frequently among patients with basilar tip anatomy. In the case of the caudal fusion, the perforators around the basilar tip would be more susceptible to hemodynamic stress, which could contribute to the occurrence of NASAH.
Synthesis of h-BN/diamond heterojunctions and its electrical characteristics
Authors: Jia Yan-Wei , He Jian , He Meng , Zhu Xiao-Hua , Zhao Shang-Man , Liu Jin-Long , Chen Liang-Xian , Wei Jun-Jun , Li Cheng-Ming ,   Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China,   Graduate School University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan 528300, China
Published: August 2022

Conductive channel on the surface of hydrogen terminated diamond with two-dimensional h-BN passivation exhibits high hole mobility. However, the current h-BN passivated diamond mainly uses the method of mechanical peeling, which cannot achieve a large-size conductive channel and is difficult to meet the actual application requirements. In this study, the effect of classical transfer h-BN on the conductive channel on the surface of hydrogen terminated diamond is studied. High-quality single crystal diamond is epitaxially grown by microwave chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) and the hydrogen terminated diamond is obtained by surface hydrogenation treatment. H-BN/H-diamond heterojunctions with different layers of h-BN are prepared by wetting transfer, and the characteristics of channel carrier transport are systematically studied. The results show that the channel conductivity is significantly enhanced after h-BN transfer, and with the increase of h-BN thickness, the enhancement effect of channel conductivity tends to be stable. The transfer of multilayer h-BN can increase the carrier density on the surface of hydrogen terminated diamond by nearly 2 times, and the square resistance is reduced to 50%. The current results show that the h-BN/H-diamond heterojunction may have a transfer doping effect, resulting in a significant increase in carrier density. With the increase of the channel carrier density, the channel mobility on the surface of the h-BN passivated diamond remains stable. The H-BN absorbs on the surface of the diamond, so that the negative charge originally on the surface of the hydrogen termination moves to the surface of h-BN, and the distance of action increases, weakening the coupling of the negative charge of the hole with the negative charge of the dielectric layer in the conductive channel of the hydrogen terminated diamond, which makes the mobility stable.
Estimation and worldwide monitoring of the effective reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Huisman Jana S , Scire Jérémie , Angst Daniel C , Li Jinzhou , Neher Richard A , Maathuis Marloes H , Bonhoeffer Sebastian , Stadler Tanja
Published: August 2022

The effective reproductive numberReis a key indicator of the growth of an epidemic. Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many methods and online dashboards have sprung up to monitor this number through time. However, these methods are not always thoroughly tested, correctly placed in time, or are overly confident during high incidence periods. Here, we present a method for timely estimation ofRe, applied to COVID-19 epidemic data from 170 countries. We thoroughly evaluate the method on simulated data, and present an intuitive web interface for interactive data exploration. We show that, in early 2020, in the majority of countries the estimatedRedropped below 1 only after the introduction of major non-pharmaceutical interventions. For Europe the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions was broadly associated with reductions in the estimatedRe. Globally though, relaxing non-pharmaceutical interventions had more varied effects on subsequentReestimates. Our framework is useful to inform governments and the general public on the status of epidemics in their country, and is used as the official source ofReestimates for SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland. It further allows detailed comparison between countries and in relation to covariates such as implemented public health policies, mobility, behaviour, or weather data.
Nomograms of human hippocampal volume shifted by polygenic scores
Authors: Janahi Mohammed , Aksman Leon , Schott Jonathan M , Mokrab Younes , Altmann Andre ,   On behalf of for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2022

Nomograms are important clinical tools applied widely in both developing and aging populations. They are generally constructed as normative models identifying cases as outliers to a distribution of healthy controls. Currently used normative models do not account for genetic heterogeneity. Hippocampal volume (HV) is a key endophenotype for many brain disorders. Here, we examine the impact of genetic adjustment on HV nomograms and the translational ability to detect dementia patients. Using imaging data from 35,686 healthy subjects aged 44–82 from the UK Biobank (UKB), we built HV nomograms using Gaussian process regression (GPR), which – compared to a previous method – extended the application age by 20 years, including dementia critical age ranges. Using HV polygenic scores (HV-PGS), we built genetically adjusted nomograms from participants stratified into the top and bottom 30% of HV-PGS. This shifted the nomograms in the expected directions by ~100 mm3 (2.3% of the average HV), which equates to 3 years of normal aging for a person aged ~65. Clinical impact of genetically adjusted nomograms was investigated by comparing 818 subjects from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database diagnosed as either cognitively normal (CN), having mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. While no significant change in the survival analysis was found for MCI-to-AD conversion, an average of 68% relative decrease was found in intra-diagnostic-group variance, highlighting the importance of genetic adjustment in untangling phenotypic heterogeneity.
Adiposity may confound the association between vitamin D and disease risk – a lifecourse Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Richardson Tom G , Power Grace M , Davey Smith George
Published: August 2022

Background:

Vitamin D supplements are widely prescribed to help reduce disease risk. However, this strategy is based on findings using conventional epidemiological methods which are prone to confounding and reverse causation.

Methods:

In this short report, we leveraged genetic variants which differentially influence body size during childhood and adulthood within a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, allowing us to separate the genetically predicted effects of adiposity at these two timepoints in the lifecourse.

Results:

Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), there was strong evidence that higher childhood body size has a direct effect on lower vitamin D levels in early life (mean age: 9.9 years, range = 8.9–11.5 years) after accounting for the effect of the adult body size genetic score (beta = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.54 to –0.10, p=0.004). Conversely, we found evidence that the effect of childhood body size on vitamin D levels in midlife (mean age: 56.5 years, range = 40–69 years) is putatively mediated along the causal pathway involving adulthood adiposity (beta = −0.17, 95% CI = −0.21 to –0.13, p=4.6 × 10-17).

Conclusions:

Our findings have important implications in terms of the causal influence of vitamin D deficiency on disease risk. Furthermore, they serve as a compelling proof of concept that the timepoints across the lifecourse at which exposures and outcomes are measured can meaningfully impact overall conclusions drawn by MR studies.

Funding:

This work was supported by the Integrative Epidemiology Unit which receives funding from the UK Medical Research Council and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/1).
Association of meniscal tears with cruciate ligament injuries
Authors: Sruthi Subramanian  , Vignesh Kandasamy  , Venkatesh Manchikanti
Published: August 2022

Aim: To find the association of meniscal tears with isolated and combined cruciate ligament injuries, grades of injury, time of injury and type of injury.
Method: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of 240 patients with knee pain who diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) injury by arthroscopy were studied.
Results: Road and traffic accidents (RTA) caused in 80.4% of cases. A total of 192 patients (80%) with isolated ACL involvement, seven patients (2.9%) with isolated PCL involvement, and 41 patients (17%) with combined ACL and PCL involvement. In cases with ACL involvement (n=192), 17 patients (8.8%) had grade 1 injury: sprain, 82 patients (42.7%) had grade 2/3 injury: partial tear and 93 patients (48.4%) had grade 4 injury: complete tear. Among partial ACL tear, lateral meniscus involvement was predominant in 45 patients (54.8%), whereas medial meniscus was involved in 26 patients (31.7%) and normal meniscus was observed in 19 patients (23.1%). In lateral meniscus, the anterior horn was majorly involved 36 patients (80%) as compared to posterior horn in 15 patients (33.3%).
Conclusion: The present study indicates that the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was predominantly involved in patients with isolated ACL and combined injury of ACL and PCL. The posterior horn of the medial meniscus was more commonly involved in chronic injury of ACL, whereas the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was involved in acute ACL injury. Early ACL reconstruction is recommended for the prevention of secondary meniscal tears.
One step further in biomechanical models in palaeontology: a nonlinear finite element analysis review
Authors: Marcé-Nogué Jordi
Published: August 2022

Finite element analysis (FEA) is no longer a new technique in the fields of palaeontology, anthropology, and evolutionary biology. It is nowadays a well-established technique within the virtual functional-morphology toolkit. However, almost all the works published in these fields have only applied the most basic FEA tools i.e., linear materials in static structural problems. Linear and static approximations are commonly used because they are computationally less expensive, and the error associated with these assumptions can be accepted. Nonetheless, nonlinearities are natural to be used in biomechanical models especially when modelling soft tissues, establish contacts between separated bones or the inclusion of buckling results. The aim of this review is to, firstly, highlight the usefulness of non-linearities and secondly, showcase these FEA tool to researchers that work in functional morphology and biomechanics, as non-linearities can improve their FEA models by widening the possible applications and topics that currently are not used in palaeontology and anthropology.
Control y resistencia en la organización del proceso de trabajo académico en Chile. Explotación con base en el prestigio
Authors: Arancibia Bustos Álvaro
Published: August 2022

En Chile, el aumento explosivo de la matrícula universitaria desde los años 90 en adelante ha transformado el mercado laboral académico, reflejándose en la cantidad de instituciones de educación superior en funcionamiento desde aquella época, así como la diversificación de la oferta de matrícula en términos disciplinares. Debido a lo anterior, la presente investigación tiene por objetivo dar cuenta de la organización del proceso de trabajo académico en Chile. Para lo anterior, se recurrió a la producción y análisis de 16 entrevistas semiestructuradas en académicos y académicas de la Región Metropolitana. Los resultados muestran: (1) la presencia de una organización del trabajo especializada y jerarquizada que tiende a separar ejecución de planificación, (2) el carácter “trans-institucional” de la docencia en posiciones de poca estabilidad contractual, (3) una estructura de control encabezada por una masculinidad en posición de alta jerarquía, prestigio académico y estabilidad laboral, (4) la publicación de artículos científicos y la “moral del esfuerzo” como mecanismos disciplinantes de la fuerza de trabajo, y (5) en términos de resistencia, un malestar y queja individual en las posiciones subordinadas que son acompañadas por una débil organización colectiva (gremial-sindical). De forma transversal, es posible observar que el prestigio académico acumulado es el determinante en la obtención de posiciones de alta jerarquía en la organización del proceso de trabajo académico; estructurando una relación de explotación desde las posiciones directivas hacia las subordinadas al interior de la profesión académica.
La gente de la tierra sin tierra: migración, leyes chilenas y tensiones reduccionales en el siglo XX
Authors: Canales Tapia Pedro , Urrutia Leiva Marie
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo se interna en el debate respecto de los procesos migratorios experimentados por la población mapuche durante el siglo XX desde sus reducciones a las ciudades chilenas. En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar el caminar mapuche en las urbes, con el fin de identificarlas rutas de éxodo y retorno al antiguo territorio, en contextos de evidente pauperización material. Lo anterior, a partir de la conexión de estas historias con los debates referidos a la migración, leyes indígenas, diáspora y retorno mapuche, como matriz de análisis; a lo que se suma un trabajo metodológico, con enfoque epistemológico de fondo, basado en los aportes de la historia oral como soporte investigativo.
Del problema oculto al generizado: un estado del arte de los estudios sobre el abuso y la violencia hacia las personas mayores en el Norte global (1970-2020)
Authors: Gonzálvez Herminia , Bravo Carla
Published: August 2022

El artículo presenta un estado del arte de estudios de las ciencias sociales y de la salud sobre la violencia hacia las personas mayores producidos en el Norte global entre 1970 y 2020. Comenzaremos revisando la preocupacióninicial sobre el llamado problema oculto del abuso hacia las personas mayores (1970-1980), para después analizar su conformación como un problema público (1980-2000). Posteriormente, abordaremos la emergencia del posicionamiento feminista sobre el abuso y la violencia hacia las personas mayores como un problema generizado (1990-2020). En las consideraciones finales, ofreceremos nuestras reflexiones sobre este recorrido investigativo y nos detendremos en los aportes feministas a este campo de estudio.
“Uno sabe cuando ya”: percepciones de adolescentes gays mexicanos sobre la invisibilización de niñeces y adolescencias no heterosexuales
Authors: Bautista Rojas Enrique
Published: August 2022

En el presente trabajo se exploran y analizan las opiniones e ideas de un grupo de adolescentes gays de la Ciudad de México y el área metropolitana en cuanto a las miradas construidas socialmente alrededor de las niñeces y adolescencias sexodiversas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa interpretativa en la que se empleó la entrevista semiestructurada –en su modalidad de e-entrevista– para la recolección de datos, y el análisis del discurso para la interpretación del “corpus” empírico. Teóricamente se argumenta desde una mirada crítica a la heteronormatividad y el adultocentrismo a partir de referentes de la perspectiva de género, los estudios de la diversidad sexual y de las juventudes. Los hallazgos presentados apuntan en tres direcciones: el cuestionamiento a la invisibilización de las niñeces y adolescencias gay, la crítica a los intentos de corrección o curación y el reconocimiento de la diversidad sexual como derecho. En las reflexiones finales se enfatiza en la necesidad de visibilizar la presencia de menores de edad LGBTIQ+ así como la importancia de deconstruir prescripciones y creencias que niegan ciertas existencias sexuales.
Justicia Juvenil. La mirada sociojuridica para pensar en la necesidad de las intervenciones interdisciplinarias
Authors: De Bella Karina
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo tiene carácter de ensayo y el objetivo es demostrar que, un abordaje integral y diferenciado de la justicia juvenil adolescente es posible desde una perspectiva sociojurídica y en el desarrollo de la justicia juvenil restaurativa. Para ello es necesario abordar cuestiones atinentes al campo de la justicia juvenil en relación con las disputas en juego respecto de las políticas judiciales y públicas, con diversos sentidos y direccionalidades, que operan en relación con las y los adolescentes que han infringido leyes penales. Se observan intencionalidades reformistas entre las distintas posiciones jurídicas, sean retribucionistas, restaurativas, etc., que nos desafían a ahondar en sus matrices epistemológicas subyacentes, dado que las consecuencias políticas de las mismas incidirán en las transformaciones institucionales y en los sistemas de protección de los derechos de niñas, niños y adolescentes. En América Latina ha predominado la idea de transformar el paradigma tutelar en regímenes de responsabilidad penal juveniles. Las consecuencias no han sido las mejores, pudiéndose observar fenómenos de adultización en los modos de abordaje de niñas, niños y adolescentes y altas tasas de encarcelamiento. En este marco, las orientaciones hacia lo que se denomina justicia juvenil restaurativa aparecen como novedad para algunos, aunque para otros constituyan un camino que ya se viene transitando con convicción. Existen, no obstante, ciertos riesgos en su adopción, y uno de ellos es tomar lo restaurativo como modelo aplicar. No compartimos esta posición, sino que pensamos, al decir de Howard Zehr, en procesos y continuos restaurativos. Indagar sobre los sentidos y direccionalidades en juego en los distintos modos de abordaje adoptados en justicia juvenil es lo que se pretende en el presente ensayo, de modo de insistir en la necesidad de revisar atentamente sus consecuencias políticas e institucionales en pos de asegurar un abordaje diferenciado para las y los adolescentes infractores de la ley penal. Reflexionar desde un enfoque sociojurídico sobre las intervenciones interdisciplinarias, los roles y funciones en la administración de justicia se torna ineludible.
Salud mental detrás de las rejas: el arte como herramienta terapéutica con jóvenes infractores de ley en Chile
Authors: Alarcón Bravo Carolina Andrea , Barría Urrutia Richard
Published: August 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo reflexionar en torno a la situación actual de salud mental de los niños, niñas, adolescentes y jóvenes (NNAJ) que se encuentran privados de libertad en Chile y levantar los principales obstaculizadores y facilitadores que aparecen en la intervención en primera línea con esta población. Además, desde una perspectiva crítica y situada, se presenta la sistematización de una práctica que propone el arte terapia como una herramienta de intervención que facilita el vínculo terapéutico entre los operadores y los niños, niñas, adolescentes y Jóvenes (NNAJ), y que, además, se transforma en un elemento de encuentro y de expresión de emociones en un contexto y espacio determinado. La perspectiva metodológica utilizada fue de carácter cualitativa y se manejaron distintas técnicas del método etnográfico, como la observación participante, las notas de campo y conversaciones en el contexto de la intervención. Como conclusión, el arte terapia en contextos
An Empirical Analysis of Women's Participation in Nigerian Politics from 1963 to 2022
Authors: Loveth Okoye, , Angela M. Okoli, , Deborah Amadi, Chukwudera , N. Fabian Okalla, , Emeka Williams Etumnu, , George Ohiri Chinedu
Published: August 2022

Most of the population in Nigeria today are women. There is no doubt that their participation in politics can bring about political and socio-economic development. Yet, women are sidelined and, most of the time, relegated to the background in terms of politics despite the affirmative action of 35% of women. Therefore, this study critically reviews Nigerian women's participation in politics based on the affirmative declaration using empirical studies done concerning the issue at hand. The intersectional theory serves as the study's theoretical foundation. Based on empirical research from previous studies, it was revealed that for Nigeria to achieve democratic consolidation, women must aim for prominence in mainstream political growth. So, it was suggested that steps be taken to fix the low number of women in Nigerian politics, which will not make much of a difference until the country's socio-economic, cultural, and political factors that keep women from being powerful are fixed.
Implementation of Road Safety Audit to Highlight the Deformities in the Design and Environmental Safety Features: A Case Study on National Highway-326
Authors: Sahu Swabhimaan , Mishra Siba Prasad , Barik Kamal Kumar , Sahu Deepak Kumar
Published: August 2022

Road Safety Audit is an advanced strategy for detecting the highly affected areas which are more prone to accidents and security Increase of existing and new streets. RSA is a well-organized, economical and making a move to improve road security. It is demonstrated that RSA has the capacities to rescue lives as it provides and formulates all possible safety measures and techniques which are extremely essential to have a secured journey. The RSA was first implemented in Britain and later followed by other nations like Australia, Denmark, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Canada and United Kingdom & United States of America. It is at different phases of execution in flourishing countries like India, South Africa, and Thailand. RSA plays a significant role for enhancing road security in India, as fundamental and exact information on accidents still can't seem to be gathered. The fundamental part of this study is to assess Road Safety Audit of a segment of two-path National Highway (NH) - 326 and the job of an auditor is to give autonomous suggestions in the form of written recommendation. The fundamental goal of the investigation is to recognize highly affected zones which are more prone to accidents and dark spot regions on the road from FIR, to think about the impact of geometric design of roads and influence of traffic characteristics on various parameters of roads and experimentation and establishment of statistical relationship between accidents rates and different variables causing accidents. This paper investigates the deformities in the design and other safety features.
Silicon Sources and Bacterial Inoculants on Growth Parameters, Leaf Yield, Quality of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and Soil Adsorbed Silicon in Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Nath Dibyajyoti , Selvi D. , Thiyageshwari S. , Anandham R. , Venkatesan K.
Published: August 2022

Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of different silicon sources with and without microbial inoculants on growth parameters, leaf yield and quality of Coriander.
Study Design: Factorial Completely Randomized Block Design (FCRD) was used in the present study with thirty-six treatments and three replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The pot culture experiment was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during January to March 2022.
Methodology: A pot culture experiment was conducted with different silicon sources namely CaSiO3, MgSiO3 and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) at three levels (0, 50 and 100 mg Si kg-1) with and without two silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) and a zinc solubilizing bacterium (ZSB) at 2 kg ha-1 with coriander CO (CR) 4. The influence of the treatments on growth parameters, leaf Si content, leaf yield, total soluble sugar content of leaf and soil adsorbed Si were investigated at 25 and 50 DAS.
Results: The results revealed a significant influence of Si sources with bacterial inoculants. The plant height and SPAD index values were the highest by the application of RHA­ @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 + SSB4 followed by CaSiO3 @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 + SSB4. All the sources increased the leaf Si as well as soil adsorbed Si and the effect was highly significant when Si sources were combined with SSB4 and other inoculants. Coriander leaf yield ranged from 4.32 to 8.24 g plant-1. The maximum leaf yield was recorded with the application of RHA @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 (8.24 g plant-1) followed by RHA @ 50 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 (7.67 g plant-1) and ­ CaSiO3 @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 (7.56 g plant-1). The effect of Si sources with bacterial inoculants on TSS content of leaf was significant with a maximum value of (38.23 mg g-1 DW) by RHA @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 + SSB4 followed by CaSiO3 @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 + SSB4 (36.10 mg g-1 DW).
Conclusion: The current study revealed that the combined application of Si sources and microbial inoculants significantly enhanced the growth attributes, leaf Si, leaf yield, leaf quality of coriander and soil adsorbed Si. The leaf yield increase over control for RHA @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 was 88.92 per cent followed by RHA @ 50 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 (76.58%) and CaSiO3 @ 100 mg Si kg-­1 with SSB4 (73.82%). The research work needs further validation at the field level.
Effect of Nano Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Authors: Pooja S. S. , Bahadur Vijay , Kerkketta Anita , Deepanshu .
Published: August 2022

The experiment was conducted in the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higgin bottom, University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) during October 2021 to february 2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (R.B.D.) with 10 treatments with 3 replications. From the observations it was found that T2 (Soil application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizers as conventional fertilizer + 50% recommended dose of nano N as foliar application nano P&K as soil application) had the best impact on the growth and yield and quality parameters like plant height 65.27 cm, number of leaves per plant 27.14, leaf length 55cm, leaf width 21.83cm, leaf area at harvesting stage 725.00 cm2, days to head initiation 45.42 days, days to harvest 55.67, head diameter 21.16cm, head weight 461.47 gm, head yield per plot 2.77 Kg, head yield per hectare16.95t, TSS 9.76 Brix. The highest cost benefit ratio 3.55 was also observed in T2.
A EMERGÊNCIA DA TEORIA SOCIOLÓGICA
Authors: Izquierdo Jesus
Published: August 2022

Resenha do livro de TURNER, Jonathan et al. A Emergência da Teoria Sociológica. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2016, 486 páginas.
Dois mestres na periferia do capitalismo Michael Löwy e Mariátegui
Authors: Braga Ruy Gomes , Alfaro Rubbo Deni
Published: August 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir alguns dos desdobramentos da interpretação da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo, presente em várias passagens da obra de Michael Löwy, a fim de indicar sua importância para a renovação crítica do marxismo latino-americano. Para tanto, buscaremos avançar por três momentos: 1) em primeiro lugar, iremos apresentar os delineamentos gerais da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado na obra de Löwy; 2) na sequência, vamos destacar a importância do contexto histórico latino-americano entre os anos de 1959 e 1979 no esforço interpretativo e político de Löwy, balizado, sobretudo, pela atualização da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado; finalmente, 3) argumentaremos que a fecundidade da interpretação de Löwy, no tocante ao contexto latino-americano, advém de sua familiaridade com o pensamento do marxista peruano José Carlos Mariátegui.TWO MASTERS IN THE PERIPHERY OF CAPITALISM: Michael Löwy and MariateguiThe purpose of this article is to discuss some of the implications of the interpretation of the unequal and combined development theory of capitalism present in several passages of Michael Löwy’s work in order to indicate its importance for the critical renewal of Latin American Marxism. In order to do so, we seek to advance through three moments: 1) first, we will present the general outlines of the unequal and combined development theory in Löwy’s work; 2) in the sequence, we will highlight the importance of the Latin American historical context between the years 1959 and 1979 in the interpretive and political effort of Löwy, especially for updating the theory of uneven and combined development; finally, 3) we will argue that the fecundity of Löwy’s interpretation of the Latin American context stems from his familiarity with the thinking of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui. Key words: Löwy. Mariátegui. Marxism. Sociology. Latin America.DEUX MAITRES DANS LA PERIPHERIE DU CAPITALISME: Michael Löwy et Mariategui Le but de cet article est de discuter de quelques-unes des implications de l’interprétation de la théorie du développement inégal et combiné du capitalisme présent dans plusieurs passages du travail de Michael Löwy afin d’indiquer son importance pour le renouveau critique du marxisme latinoaméricain.Pour faire ça, nous cherchons à avancer à travers trois moments: 1) d’abord, nous présenterons les grandes lignes de la théorie du développement inégal et combiné dans le travail de Löwy; 2) dans la séquence, nous soulignerons l’importance du contexte historique latino-américain entre les années 1959 et 1979 dans l’effort interprétatif et politique de Löwy, en particulier pour actualiser la théorie du développement inégal et combiné;enfin, 3) nous affirmons que la fécondité de l’interprétation du contexte latino-américain par Löwy découle de sa familiarité avec la pensée du marxiste péruvien José Carlos Mariátegui. Mots-clés: Löwy. Mariátegui. Marxisme. Sociologie. Amérique Latine.
Impact of Hole‐Transport Layer and Interface Passivation on Halide Segregation in Mixed‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Lim Vincent J.‐Y. , Knight Alexander J. , Oliver Robert D. J. , Snaith Henry J. , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M.
Published: August 2022

Mixed‐halide perovskites offer ideal bandgaps for tandem solar cells, but photoinduced halide segregation compromises photovoltaic device performance. This study explores the influence of a hole‐transport layer, necessary for a full device, by monitoring halide segregation through in situ, concurrent X‐ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements to disentangle compositional and optoelectronic changes. This work demonstrates that top coating FA0.83Cs0.17Pb(Br0.4I0.6)3 perovskite films with a poly(triaryl)amine (PTAA) hole‐extraction layer surprisingly leads to suppression of halide segregation because photogenerated charge carriers are rapidly trapped at interfacial defects that do not drive halide segregation. However, the generation of iodide‐enriched regions near the perovskite/PTAA interface enhances hole back‐transfer from the PTAA layer through improved energy level offsets, increasing radiative recombination losses. It is further found that while passivation with a piperidinium salt slows halide segregation in perovskite films, the addition of a PTAA top‐coating accelerates such effects, elucidating the specific nature of trap types that are able to drive the halide segregation process. This work highlights the importance of selective passivation techniques for achieving efficient and stable wide‐bandgap perovskite photovoltaic devices.
Local Heating Transforms Amorphous Calcium Carbonate to Single Crystals with Defined Morphologies
Authors: Zhang Shuheng , Nahi Ouassef , He Xuefeng , Chen Li , Aslam Zabeada , Kapur Nikil , Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Meldrum Fiona C.
Published: August 2022

The use of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) as a precursor phase affords organisms with outstanding control over the formation of calcite and aragonite biominerals. Essential to this strategy is that the ACC is maintained within confined volumes in the absence of bulk water. This ensures that the ACC undergoes a pseudomorphic transformation and that the organism can independently control nucleation and growth. However, comparable control has proven hard to achieve in synthetic systems. Here, a straightforward method is demonstrated for controlling the crystallization of ACC thin films in which nucleation is first triggered using a heated probe, and then growth is sustained by incubating the film at a lower temperature. By independently controlling nucleation and growth, sub‐millimeter calcite single crystals can be generated when and where it is desired, morphologies ranging from discs to squares to serpentine strips can be created, and arrays of crystals formed. The mechanism and energetics of crystallization of the ACC are studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy and continuity between the ACC and calcite at the growth front is demonstrated. It is envisaged that this method can be applied to the formation of large single crystals of alternative functional materials that form via amorphous precursor phases.
π Band Folding and Interlayer Band Filling of Graphene upon Interface Potassium Intercalation
Authors: Huempfner Tobias , Otto Felix , Fritz Torsten , Forker Roman
Published: August 2022

The structural and electronic properties of epitaxial monolayer graphene on SiC(0001) are examined upon potassium intercalation. Notably, the first real‐space observation via scanning tunneling microscopy of the (2 × 2) superstructure in graphene‐based thin films formed by the potassium atoms below the uppermost graphene layer is presented. Therein, additional signatures stemming from quasiparticle interference effects are found allowing investigations of the electronic bands of K‐intercalated epitaxial monolayer graphene on a local scale. Those data are compared to area‐averaged results obtained from photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, backfolding of the graphene π bands are found as a consequence of the (2 × 2) superstructure of the K atoms with respect to the graphene lattice. This is accompanied by a strong n‐type doping effect that causes a rigid shift of the Dirac bands to higher binding energies and filling of two parabolic interlayer bands at the Γ point of the surface Brillouin zone of the graphene lattice as well. This electronic configuration is promoted by additional penetration of potassium atoms into the interspace between the SiC substrate and the buffer layer that is located between the substrate and the quasi‐freestanding graphene sheet. Consequently, the epitaxial monolayer graphene sample transforms to n‐doped epitaxial bilayer graphene upon K intercalation.
Large‐Scale Optical Manipulation of Ferroelectric Domains in PMN‐PT Crystals
Authors: Yan Shuo , Hu Xueli , Lu Xiaomei , Xiao Shuyu , Huang Fengzhen , Ying Xuenong
Published: August 2022

The manipulation of ferroelectric domains is a bridge connecting the basic research and the applications of ferroelectric materials. Here, after cooling across the Curie temperature under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination, out‐of‐plane (OP) polarization of a whole 0.72Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.28PbTiO3 (PMN‐28PT) crystal is poled in one direction. With the help of light‐dependent temporal Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), the unified upward OP polarization is attributed to the negative charge accumulation at the surface upon exposure to UV light, which is also effective in the control of in‐plane (IP) polarization. Especially, a center‐convergent topological domain structure is formed in a PMN‐28PT crystal lamella via an optical method, which is easily engineered to fabricate large‐scale periodic arrays. This method is expected for high efficiency, low energy consumption, and large‐scale domain manipulation in ferroelectric materials.
A novel SLC35D1 variant causing milder phenotype of Schneckenbecken dysplasia in a large pedigree
Authors: Özer Leyla , Aktuna Suleyman , Unsal Evrim , Ünal Mehmet Altay , Sahin Guler , Baltaci Volkan
Published: August 2022

SLC35D1 gene encodes UDP‐glucuronic acid/UDP‐n‐acetylgalactosamine dual transporter protein and transports organic or inorganic molecules across cellular membranes. SLC35D1 gene pathogenic variants causes Schneckenbecken dysplasia (SHNKND) which is a rare lethal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the snail‐like pelvis, flattening of vertebral bodies, short and broad long bones with a dumbbell‐like appearance, thoracic hypoplasia. Only six cases with homozygous SLC35D1 variants have been reported to date, and all of these cases were lost in the perinatal period. Here we report different family members with a novel SLC35D1 variant who presented a milder phenotype of SHNKND. The affected patients have common clinical features such as short stature, mild mesomelia, shortening of the lower extremity, genu valgum, and narrow thorax. Exome sequencing of the proband revealed a homozygous missense variant of SLC35D1 gene, c.401 T > C (p. Met134Thr). The affected siblings, their two cousins, and their paternal uncle with a similar phenotype were also homozygous for the variant. This is the first case report of a family with a novel likely pathogenic variant (p. Met134Thr) and mild phenotypic features. It has the largest family with different ages of patients (ages ranged 4–31 years old) reported to date. The present report supports the evidence that the p. Met134Thr variant is responsible for a milder phenotype than previously reported cases with SLC35D1 pathogenic variants.
Base‐promoted Oxidative Sulfuration/Cyclization to Construct Naphtho[2,3‐d]thiazole through Three‐component Reaction Using S8 as the Sulfur Source
Authors: Yu Zihua , Su Junyi , Huang Chenxi , Wei Jie , Han Liang , Ye Qing , Li Yujin
Published: August 2022

A base‐promoted three‐component oxidative sulfuration/cyclization reaction of 2‐amino‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, aldehyde and elemental sulfur was developed. The naphtho[2,3‐d]thiazole ring was determined by forming two C−S bonds and one C=N bond, which demonstrates the advantages of cheap raw materials, no transition metal, and economic efficiency. The substrate scope was broad with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. The mechanistic study might promote the reaction design for a oxidative sulfuration/cyclization reaction.