bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomised controlled trial of lifestyle interventions for abdominal obesity in primary health care
Authors: Carrera-Bastos Pedro , Rydhög Björn , Fontes-Villalba Maelán , Arvidsson Daniel , Granfeldt Yvonne , Sundquist Kristina , Jönsson Tommy
Published: April 2024

Aim:

Assess effects on waist circumference from diet with or without cereal grains and with or without long-term physical exercise.

Background:

Elevated waist circumference is an indicator of increased abdominal fat storage and is accordingly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. This is likely due to the association between lifestyle-induced changes in waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors. Reductions in waist circumference may be facilitated by diet without cereal grains combined with long-term physical exercise.

Methods:

Two-year randomised controlled trial with factorial trial design in individuals at increased risk of cardiovascular disease with increased waist circumference. Participants were allocated diet based on current Swedish dietary guidelines with or without cereal grains (baseline diet information supported by monthly group sessions) and with or without physical exercise (pedometers and two initial months of weekly structured exercise followed by written prescription of physical activity) or control group. The primary outcome was the change in waist circumference.

Findings:

The greatest mean intervention group difference in the change in waist circumference among the 73 participants (47 women and 26 men aged 23–79 years) was at one year between participants allocated a diet without cereal grains and no exercise and participants allocated a diet with cereal grains and no exercise [M = −5.3 cm and −0.9 cm, respectively; mean difference = 4.4 cm, 4.0%, 95% CI (0.0%, 8.0%), P = 0.051, Cohen’s d = 0.75]. All group comparisons in the change in waist circumference were non-significant despite the greatest group difference being more than double that estimated in the pre-study power calculation. The non-significance was likely caused by too few participants and a greater than expected variability in the change in waist circumference. The greatest mean intervention group difference strengthens the possibility that dietary exclusion of cereal grains could be related to greater reduction in waist circumference.
Swift Quakes Caused by Stomping Feet, Not Booming Beat
Authors: Wilke Carolyn
Published: April 2024

Concert tunes don’t make the same seismic noise as the exuberant crowd does.
“Uninsurable because of a genetic test”: a qualitative study of consumer views about the use of genetic test results in Australian life insurance
Authors: Muller Cassandra , Gallacher Lyndon , Keogh Louise , McInerney-Leo Aideen , Boughtwood Tiffany , Gleeson Penny , Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Delatycki Martin B. , Winship Ingrid , Nowak Kristen J. , Otlowski Margaret , Lacaze Paul , Tiller Jane
Published: April 2024

Genetic testing can provide valuable information to mitigate personal disease risk, but the use of genetic results in life insurance underwriting is known to deter many consumers from pursuing genetic testing. In 2019, following Australian Federal Parliamentary Inquiry recommendations, the Financial Services Council (FSC) introduced an industry-led partial moratorium, prohibiting life insurance companies from using genetic test results for policies up to $AUD500,000. We used semi-structured interviews to explore genetic test consumers’ experiences and views about the FSC moratorium and the use of genetic results by life insurers. Individuals who participated in an online survey and agreed to be re-contacted to discuss the issue further were invited. Interviews were 20–30-min long, conducted via video conference, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive content analysis. Twenty-seven participants were interviewed. Despite the moratorium, concerns about genetic discrimination in life insurance were prevalent. Participants reported instances where life insurers did not consider risk mitigation when assessing risk for policies based on genetic results, contrary to legal requirements. Most participants felt that the moratorium provided inadequate protection against discrimination, and that government legislation regulating life insurers’ use of genetic results is necessary. Many participants perceived the financial limits to be inadequate, given the cost-of-living in Australia. Our findings indicate that from the perspective of participants, the moratorium has not been effective in allaying fears about genetic discrimination or ensuring adequate access to life insurance products. Concern about genetic discrimination in life insurance remains prevalent in Australia.
Intraocular pressure changes before and after a femtosecond laser procedure for cataract surgery
Authors: Chung Ho Seok , Lee Hun , Park So young , Min Chan Hong , Kim Mose , Kim Jae Yong , Tchah Hungwon
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after femtosecond laser capsulorhexis and lens fragmentation for cataract surgery. We measured the IOP before, immediately, 30 min, and 1 h after the laser procedure in 47 eyes of 47 patients who underwent the femtosecond laser procedure. The mean IOP was 17.51 ± 3.28 mmHg, 30.23 ± 6.70 mmHg, 17.96 ± 3.75 mmHg, and 21.77 ± 5.88 mmHg before, immediately after, 30 min after, and 1 h after the laser procedure, respectively. The mean IOP significantly increased immediately (adjusted P < 0.001) and 1 h (adjusted P = 0.001) after the laser procedure compared with the pre-laser IOP. The mean IOP at 30 min after the laser procedure was significantly lower than that immediately after the procedure (adjusted P < 0.001). However, the IOP 1 h after the laser procedure became higher than that 30 min after the laser procedure. Additionally, the IOP 1 h after the laser procedure was positively correlated with the baseline IOP and negatively correlated with the axial length. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that cataract surgery should be commenced within 30 min after the femtosecond laser procedure to ensure a safe cataract surgery that reduces the risk of increased intraocular pressure.
Physical durability and insecticidal activity of long-lasting insecticidal nets in Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Feio-dos-Santos Ana Cecília , Reis Crissiane C. , Sucupira Izis M. C. , Lenhart Audrey , Santos Márcia M. M. , Reis Ediane R. , do Carmo Ediclei Lima , Daniel Simone , Mesones Lapouble Oscar M. , de Oliveira Alexandre Macedo , Povoa Marinete M.
Published: April 2024

Vector control is one of the principal strategies used for reducing malaria transmission. Long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (LLINs) are a key tool used to protect populations at risk of malaria, since they provide both physical and chemical barriers to prevent human-vector contact. This study aimed to assess the physical durability and insecticidal efficacy of LLINs distributed in Cruzeiro do Sul (CZS), Brazil, after 4 years of use. A total of 3000 LLINs (PermaNet 2.0) were distributed in high malaria risk areas of CZS in 2007. After 4 years of use, 27 ‘rectangular’ LLINs and 28 ‘conical’ LLINs were randomly selected for analysis. The evaluation of physical integrity was based on counting the number of holes and measuring their size and location on the nets. Insecticidal efficacy was evaluated by cone bioassays, and the amount of residual insecticide remaining on the surface of the LLINs was estimated using a colorimetric method. After 4 years of use, physical damage was highly prevalent on the rectangular LLINs, with a total of 473 holes detected across the 27 nets. The upper portion of the side panels sustained the greatest damage in rectangular LLINs. The overall mosquito mortality by cone bioassay was < 80% in 25/27 rectangular LLINs, with panel A (at the end of the rectangular bednet) presenting the highest mortality (54%). The overall mean insecticide concentration was 0.5 µg/sample, with the bednet roof containing the highest average concentration (0.61 µg/sample). On the conical LLINs, 547 holes were detected, with the bottom areas sustaining the greatest damage. The cone bioassay mortality was < 80% in 26/28 of the conical LLINs. The mean insecticide concentration was 0.3 µg/sample. After 4 years of use, the insecticidal efficacy of the LLINs was diminished to below acceptable thresholds.
Filial cannibalism of Nabis pseudoferus is not evolutionarily optimal foraging strategy
Authors: Garay József , Gámez Manuel , Solano-Rojas Yohan , López Inmaculada , Castaño-Fernández Ana Belén , Varga Zoltán , Móri Tamás F. , Csiszár Villő , Cabello Tomás
Published: April 2024

Using a recursion model with real parameters of Nabis pseudoferus, we show that its filial cannibalism is an optimal foraging strategy for life reproductive success, but it is not an evolutionarily optimal foraging strategy, since it cannot maximize the descendant’s number at the end of the reproductive season. Cannibalism is evolutionarily rational, when the number of newborn offspring produced from the cannibalized offspring can compensate the following two effects: (a) The cannibalistic lineage wastes time, since the individuals hatched from eggs produced by cannibalism start to reproduce later. (b) Cannibalism eliminates not only one offspring, but also all potential descendants from the cannibalized offspring during the rest of reproductive season. In our laboratory trials, from conspecific prey Nabis pseudoferus did not produce newborn nymphs enough to compensate the above two effects.
Automatic inference of ICD-10 codes from German ophthalmologic physicians’ letters using natural language processing
Authors: Böhringer D. , Angelova P. , Fuhrmann L. , Zimmermann J. , Schargus M. , Eter N. , Reinhard T.
Published: April 2024

Physicians’ letters are the optimal source of diagnoses for registries. However, most registries demand for diagnosis codes such as ICD-10. We herein describe an algorithm that infers ICD-10 codes from German ophthalmologic physicians’ letters. We assess the method in three German eye hospitals. Our algorithm is based on the nearest-neighbor method as well as on a large thesaurus for ICD-10 codes. This thesaurus was embedded into a Word2Vec space created from anonymized physicians’ reports of the first hospital. For evaluation, each of the three hospitals sent all diagnoses taken from 100 letters. The inferred ICD-10 codes were evaluated for correctness by the senders. A total of 3332 natural language terms had been sent in (812 hospital one, 1473 hospital two, 1047 hospital three). A total of 526 non-diagnoses were excluded upfront. 2806 ICD-10 codes were inferred (771 hospital one, 1226 hospital two, 809 hospital three). In the first hospital, 98% were fully correct and 99% correct at the level of the superordinate disease concept. The percentages in hospital two were 69% and 86%. The respective numbers for hospital three were 69% and 91%. Our simple method is capable of inferring ICD-10 codes for German natural language diagnoses, especially when the embedding space has been built with physicians’ letters from the same hospital. The method may yield sufficient accuracy for many tasks in the multi-centric setting and can easily be adapted to other languages/specialities.
Scalable slot-die coated flexible supercapacitors from upcycled PET face shields
Authors: Reddygunta Kiran Kumar Reddy , Callander Andrew , Šiller Lidija , Faulds Karen , Berlouis Leonard , Ivaturi Aruna
Published: April 2024

This study reports fabrication of flexible supercapacitor with slot-die coated activated carbon electrodes derived from upcycled PET face shield, displaying excellent energy and power density of 21.8 W h kg−1 and 20 600 W kg−1 with good flexibility.
Recent advances in plant protein modification: spotlight on hemp protein
Authors: Liu Xinye , Xue Feng , Adhikari Benu
Published: April 2024

Physicochemical and enzymatic methods used to modify the plant proteins are summarized. Methods to modify the physicochemical properties of hemp proteins are highlighted. The effects of modifications on the structure of hemp protein are discussed.
Autonomous generation of single photon emitting materials
Authors: Tempke Robert , Musho Terence
Published: April 2024

Single photon quantum materials discovery based on large dataset synthetic data generation.
FeS2-modified MXene nanocomposite platform for efficient PTT/CDT/TDT integration through enhanced GSH consumption
Authors: Tang Yunfeng , Zhao Renliang , Yi Min , Ge Zilu , Wang Dong , Jiang Yu , Wang Guanglin , Deng Xiangtian
Published: April 2024

The TFAB NPs integrate photothermal, chemodynamic, and thermodynamic therapies, effectively enhancing tumor treatment by generating reactive oxygen species and controlling intracellular environments.
Advances in magnetoelectric composites for promoting bone regeneration: a review
Authors: Li Chengyu , Zhu Andi , Yang Liqing , Wang Xinyi , Guo Zehong
Published: April 2024

Magnetoelectric composites are currently used in a number of applications and promote bone regeneration via multiple mechanisms.
Design and fabrication of La-based perovskites incorporated with functionalized carbon nanofibers for the electrochemical detection of roxarsone in water and food samples
Authors: John Felix Mariya Antony , Rex Shanlee Santhiyagu Sahayaraj , Chen Shen-Ming , Ruspika Sundaresan , Balaji Ramachandran , Chandrasekar Narendhar , Doss Periyanayagam Arockia
Published: April 2024

Fabrication of potent electrocatalyst, La-based perovskites coupled with functionalized carbon nanofibers (LMO/f-CNF) for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of roxarsone in edible and water samples.
pH-Responsive antibacterial metal–phenolic network coating on hernia meshes
Authors: Ding Rui , Peng Pandi , Huo Jingjing , Wang Kun , Liu Pengxiang , Wu Hanxue , Yan Likun , Li Peng
Published: April 2024

This work demonstrates that CT coatings would be a promising material against implant-related infection in a pH-responsive manner including but not limited to the field of hernioplasty.
Correction: Hindering the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells synergizes with destroying tumor blood vessels for effective cancer treatment
Authors: Liu Ya , Xu Yajun , Wang Ying , Lv Jianlin , Wang Kun , Tang Zhaohui
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Hindering the unlimited proliferation of tumor cells synergizes with destroying tumor blood vessels for effective cancer treatment’ by Ya Liu et al., Biomater. Sci., 2024, 12, 1294–1306, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3BM01858J.
Gram-scale synthesis of small-sized PtM intermetallics as high-performance catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Bentian , Zhang Lijie , Yang Han , Shan Mengtao , Bai Lei , Li Zirong , Sun Ming
Published: April 2024

Carbon-supported PtM (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) intermetallics with small size (≈3 nm) were prepared at the gram scale and applied as a highly effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Rotational spectroscopy of methyl tert-butyl ether with a new Ka band chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer
Authors: Crabtree Kyle N. , Westerfield J. H. , Dim Chisom A. , Meyer Kelly S. , Johansen Sommer L. , Buchanan Zachary S. , Stucky Paul A.
Published: April 2024

The performance of a new Ka band microwave spectrometer is demonstrated by investigating the rotational spectrum of methyl tert-butyl ether, including isotopologues and a new torsionally excited state.
Tuning the slow magnetic relaxation with the substituents in anilate bridged bis(dysprosium) complexes
Authors: Manna Fabio , Oggianu Mariangela , Galán-Mascarós José Ramón , Pop Flavia , Le Guennic Boris , Mercuri Maria Laura , Avarvari Narcis
Published: April 2024

By combining homosubstituted dithiophene- and heterosubstituted chlorocyano-anilate linkers with DyIII and the scorpionate capping ligand, dinuclear Dy-complexes with tunable SMM behaviour, thanks to the anilate substituents, have been obtained.
Solvent-free copper-catalyzed trisilylation of alkynes: a practical and atom-economical approach for accessing 1,1,1-trisilylalkanes
Authors: Li Jia , Ge Shaozhong
Published: April 2024

Copper-catalyzed 1,1,1-trisilylation of alkynes was developed with Cu(OAc)2 and PnBu3. Mechanistic studies reveal that this reaction occurs through sequential dehydrogenative silylation of alkynes and dihydrosilylation of alkynylsilane intermediates.
Light-promoted photocatalyst-free and redox-neutral hydrosulfonylation of unactivated alkenes using sulfinic acid
Authors: Song Yibo , Li Cheng , Hu Xueyuan , Zhang Hongdie , Mao Yujian , Wang Xiachang , Wang Chen , Hu Lihong , Yan Jianming
Published: April 2024

Using sulfinic acid as a sulfonyl source, we have developed a light-promoted photocatalyst-free alkene hydrosulfonylation reaction without any additives.
Single particle analysis of polydisperse metal-bearing particles in cannabis vape liquids by organic mode ICP-MS
Authors: Gajdosechova Zuzana , Marleau-Gillette Joshua
Published: April 2024

Cannabis vape liquids from prefilled unused cartridges have been found to contain metal particles.
Determination of ultra-trace rare earth elements in olivine by laser ablation-sector field-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Hao , Tang Ming , Wu Shitou , Liu Xuanyu
Published: April 2024

Ultra-trace rare earth elements (REEs) in olivine could be precisely measured by LA-SF-ICP-MS.
Synthesis, anticancer activity, and molecular simulation of N-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)thioureas containing a pyrimidine ring
Authors: Toan Vu Ngoc , Thanh Nguyen Dinh , Hai Do Son , Tri Nguyen Minh
Published: April 2024

Glucopyranosyl thioureas 7a–k of pyrimidine were the remarkable inhibitors for isoforms hCA IX and XII. 7c and 7d were the most potent ones and also for MCF-7, HepG2, HeLa, and SK-LU-1 cells. Their molecular docking and dynamics simulations were done.
An 18 kDa TSPO specific ligand-based polymeric nanoformulation: synthesis, computational and biological studies
Authors: Singh Priya , Singh Vijay Kumar , Kakkar Dipti , Tiwari Anjani Kumar
Published: April 2024

An 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) serves as a promising target for drug delivery and imaging applications.
Organosilanes as synthetic precursors for oligosiloxanes and phenylsilica spheres
Authors: Jain Ragini , Shankar Ravi
Published: April 2024

Chemical transformation of organo(hydro)silanes to disiloxanes, siloxanols and organosilica colloidal structures is achieved using AuNP-catalyzed hydrolytic oxidation of Si–H bonds.
Theoretical prediction of negative thermal expansion in cubic VF3
Authors: Yang Dingfeng , Tang Yurou , Yang Junzhu , Pu Hongzheng , Pi Mingyu , Li Yuanyuan
Published: April 2024

Cubic VF3 is predicted to be a negative thermal expansion material at low temperature through density functional theory.
Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride using a BiVO4/MIL-88B(Fe) heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Ziwei , Ling Qi , Deng Shangkun , Li Ziliang , Lv Jianguo , Yang Lei , Cao Chunbin , Sun Zhaoqi , Zhang Miao
Published: April 2024

A type II heterostructured BiVO4/MIL-88B(Fe) composite was successfully synthesised for the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) by a simple hydrothermal method.
An MgO passivation layer and hydrotalcite derived spinel Co2AlO4 synergically promote photoelectrochemical water oxidation conducted using BiVO4-based photoanodes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Kaiyi , Bai Yan , Wang Lei , Huang Jingwei , She Houde , Wang Qizhao
Published: April 2024

The synergistic effect of MgO passivation layer and spinel Co2AlO4 inhibits the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers in BiVO4, accelerates the water oxidation reaction, and improves the PEC performance.
Multi-atomic loaded C2N1 catalysts for CO2 reduction to CO or formic acid
Authors: Sun Yimeng , Tao Lin , Wu Mingjie , Dastan Davoud , Rehman Javed , Li Lixiang , An Baigang
Published: April 2024

Triple-atom catalysts exhibit moderate adsorption energy for intermediate species, enabling the optimal performance of the CO2 electrocatalytic reduction reaction.
Isothiocyanates: happy-go-lucky reagents in organic synthesis
Authors: Das Bubul , Dahiya Anjali , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: April 2024

This review summarises the reactivity and synthetic procedures of aryl and acyl isothiocyanates, a versatile reagent with multiple reactive centres.
Current status of controlled onco-therapies based on metal organic frameworks
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Dai Xiaofeng
Published: April 2024

Most MOFs for controllable cancer treatment act as drug delivery vehicle and/or anti-cancer agent. Molecules with anti-cancer roles such as chemotherapies, gases, peptides or nucleic acids can be loaded into MOFs that decompose in cancer cells or in the TME to release its cargoes.
Engineering gold nanoworms with tunable longitudinal plasmon peak in the near infrared and their refractive index sensing properties
Authors: Ain Misbah ul , Asma  , Ullah Rizwan , Fatima Zanjbeel , Illahi Ahsan , Ahmed Waqqar
Published: April 2024

Gold nanoworms (NWs), synthesized in a one-step reaction with size controlled by pH, show tunable plasmon peaks in the near-infrared. Finite element analysis validates their optical properties, and they exhibit sensitive refractive index sensing.
Thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shell adsorbent for methylene blue sequestration: equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, artificial intelligence, and DFT studies
Authors: Adaramaja Abisoye Abidemi , Bamisaye Abayomi , Abati Shakirudeen Modupe , Adegoke Kayode Adesina , Adesina Morenike Oluwabunmi , Ige Ayodeji Rapheal , Adeleke Oluwatobi , Idowu Mopelola Abidemi , Oyebamiji Abel Kolawole , Bello Olugbenga Solomon
Published: April 2024

The quest for an efficient and sustainable adsorbent material that can effectively remove harmful and hazardous dyes from industrial effluent has become more intense. Thermally modified nanocrystalline snail shell is a new biosorbent for removing methylene blue dye from contaminated wastewater.
Multifunctional buried interface modification for efficient and stable SnO2-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Rui , Meng Junhua , Shi Yiming , Xia Zhengchang , Yan Chunxia , Zhang Lisheng , Liu Wenkang , Zhao Jinliang , Deng Jinxiang , Zhang Xingwang
Published: April 2024

HEDTA-3Na is employed to modify the buried interface for fabricating efficient and stable SnO2-based perovskite solar cells.
A bismuth-based double-network hydrogel-mediated synergistic photothermal-chemodynamic therapy for accelerated wound healing
Authors: Song Linyan , Luo Kui , Liu Chen , Zhao Huanying , Ye Ling , Wang Hao
Published: April 2024

A Bi@P-Cu double-network hydrogel with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency was endowed with CDT functionality to accelerate the healing of wounds infected with drug-resistant bacteria.
Tetradentate Pt[O^N^C^N] complexes with peripheral diarylamino substituents for high-performance and stable green organic light-emitting diodes with LT95 of 17 140 h at 1000 cd m−2
Authors: Li Huiyang , Yi Yuanhai , Tan Xiaofeng , Dai Lei , Hung Faan-Fung , Cheng Gang , Tan Kaixin , Chen Ziyong , Yang Jun , Zhou Pengcheng , Shu Xugang , Che Chi-Ming
Published: April 2024

Pt-based green OLEDs exhibit a maximum EQE of up to 29.6% and an LT95 of up to 17 140 hours at 1000 cd m−2.
Influence of sintering characteristics and structural properties on the microwave dielectric properties of non-stoichiometric Ca3Mn2+xGe3O12+δ (x = 0–0.2) ceramics
Authors: Liu Yanjun , He Guoqiang , Nie Yuan , Zhang Wenjie , Zhao Ziqi , Zhou Huanfu
Published: April 2024

The structural characteristics of Ca3Mn2+xGe3O12+δ (x = 0.1) ceramics correspond to their excellent microwave dielectric properties: εr = 8.88, Q × f = 50 793 GHz, τf = −39.35 ppm °C−1.
Contextualized, Multicomponent Language Instruction: From Theory to Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gillam Sandra L. , Gillam Ronald B. , Magimairaj Beula M. , Capin Philip , Israelsen-Augenstein Megan , Roberts Greg , Vaughn Sharon
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Clinicians address a wide range of oral language skills when working with school-age students with language and literacy difficulties (LLDs). Therefore, there is a critical need for carefully designed, rigorously tested, multicomponent contextualized language interventions (CLIs) that have a high likelihood of successful implementation and measurable academic impacts. This clinical focus article summarizes the development and testing of a CLI entitled Supporting Knowledge in Language and Literacy (SKILL), which is a supplementary narrative intervention program for elementary school-age children. Our aims are to (a) to review the foundational theoretical models that are the foundation of SKILL; (b) describe the iterative process used to develop the phases, lessons, procedures, materials, and progress monitoring tool; (c) summarize recent findings of the randomized controlled trial that was conducted to test its efficacy; and (d) discuss factors that may contribute to successful implementation of multicomponent language interventions.

Method:

A total of 357 students in Grades 1–4 with LLDs were randomized to a treatment group or to a business-as-usual control group. The treatment group received the SKILL curriculum in small groups during 30-min lessons by trained speech-language pathologists, teachers, and special educators.

Results:

Students who received SKILL significantly outperformed those who did not on oral and written measures of storytelling and comprehension immediately after treatment and after 5-months at follow-up. Gains were similar among students with different levels of language ability (at-risk, language impaired) and language status (monolingual, bilingual) at pretest.

Conclusions:

There is growing support for the use of multicomponent CLIs to bring about educationally relevant outcomes for students with LLDs. The authors present this review of how SKILL was designed, manualized, and rigorously tested by a team of researchers and practitioners with the hope that this approach will serve as a springboard for the development of future multicomponent CLIs that may meaningfully improve communicative and educational outcomes for students with LLDs.
Multienergy load forecasting model for integrated energy systems based on coupling auxiliary sequences and multitask learning
Authors: Zhao Honghan , Wu Yuchen
Published: April 2024

Multienergy load forecasting (MELF) with high accuracy is crucial for the economic operation and optimal dispatch of the integrated energy system (IES). Within such systems, electrical, heat, and cold loads may exhibit complex and highly coupled relationships. The accuracy of MELF can be improved by exploiting the coupling of multienergy loads. To address this issue, the authors propose a novel framework named CAFormer (coupling auxiliary transformer) that leverages coupling auxiliary forecasting and multitask learning (MTL) to improve MELF in IES. CAFormer adopts an auxiliary forecasting coupling strategy. The aim is to construct coupling auxiliary sequences by projecting different sequences onto the same coupling space to capture the interdependencies between them. The model space structure is more complex when incorporating the coupling space. Furthermore, the authors’ framework deviates from the traditional approach of treating the prediction task of multiple sequences as multiple tasks by integrating the contrastive learning task and the prediction task into a single multitask paradigm. This avoids the issue of sequence entanglement that arises when different loads directly share information in the traditional multitask prediction of multiple energy loads. MTL based on coupling space similarity helps to learn the coupling relationships between sequences while maintaining the original sequence characteristics and refining the generation of coupling auxiliary sequences. The experimental results demonstrate that the authors’ proposed model can thoroughly explore the coupling relationships among energy systems and exhibit higher prediction accuracy and better prediction applicability than those of state‐of‐the‐art models.
A risk‐averse strategy based on information gap decision theory for optimal placement of service transformers in distribution networks
Authors: Alipour Mohammad Ali , Askarzadeh Alireza
Published: April 2024

In distribution networks, among the planning problems, optimal placement of medium voltage to low voltage (MV/LV) transformers is a vital and challenging issue. Electrical load uncertainty is an important factor that affects the result of this planning problem. This paper investigates optimal allocation of service transformers with respect to the load uncertainty modelled by information gap decision theory (IGDT). For this aim, the planning problem is solved in risk‐neutral (RN) and risk‐averse (RA) frameworks. In RN strategy, objective function is defined to minimize the cost of service transformers and low voltage feeders as well as the cost of power losses. On the other hand, in RA strategy, objective function is defined to maximize the radius of the uncertainty in such a way that any deviation of the uncertain parameter results in an objective function value that is not worse than the critical limit. The optimization problem is solved by crow search algorithm (CSA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the results are compared. In mid‐term planning, with respect to the deviation factors of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3, optimal values of the uncertainty radius are 5.89%, 13.64%, 21.37%, 28.97%, 34.39% and 43.46%, respectively. In long‐term planning, with respect to the deviation factors of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3, optimal values of the uncertainty radius are 6.92%, 13.33%, 20.39%, 27.03%, 34% and 40.46%, respectively. Moreover, on average, CSA finds more promising results than PSO.
Comparative study of kilonova opacities for three elements of the sixth period (hafnium, osmium, and gold) from new atomic structure calculations in Hf I–IV, Os I–IV, and Au I–IV
Authors: Ben Nasr S. , Carvajal Gallego H. , Deprince J. , Palmeri P. , Quinet P.
Published: April 2024

Aims. It is now well established that a large amount of heavy (trans-iron) elements are produced during neutron star (NS) mergers. These elements can be detected in the spectra of the kilonova emitted from the post-merger ejected materials. Due to the high level densities that characterize the complex configurations belonging to heavy elements, thus giving rise to millions of absorption lines, the kilonova ejecta opacity is of significant importance. The elements that contribute the most to the latter are those with an unfilled nd subshell belonging to the fifth and the sixth rows of the periodic table, and those with an unfilled nf subshell belonging to the lanthanide and actinide groups. The aim of the present work is to make a new contribution to this field by performing large-scale atomic structure calculations in three specific sixth-row 5d elements, namely hafnium, osmium, and gold, in the first four charge stages (I–IV), and by computing the corresponding opacities, while focusing on the importance of the atomic models used.

Methods. The pseudo-relativistic Hartree–Fock (HFR) method, including extended sets of interacting configurations, was used for the atomic structure and radiative parameter calculations, while the expansion formalism was used to estimate the opacities.

Results. Theoretical energy levels, wavelengths, and oscillator strengths were computed for millions of spectral lines in Hf I–IV, Os I–IV, and Au I–IV ions, the reliability of these parameters being assessed through detailed comparisons with previously published experimental and theoretical results. The newly obtained atomic data were then used to calculate expansion opacities for typical kilonova conditions expected one day after the NS merger; these are a density of ρ = 10−13 g cm−3 and temperatures ranging from T = 5000 K to T = 15 000 K. Some agreements and differences were found when comparing our results with available data, highlighting the importance of using sufficiently complete atomic models for the determination of opacities.
Attitudes toward future child-rearing among male and female adults without children in different prefectures at 11 years after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Ito S. , Goto A.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to determine whether confidence in future childbearing and child-rearing in relation to radiation exposure differs among people without children in Fukushima Prefecture, its neighboring prefectures (Tochigi, Ibaraki, and Miyagi), and other prefectures, and among men and women at 11 years after the nuclear accident. In February 2022, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted using an Internet research company. A total of 985 people were surveyed: 240 from Fukushima, 305 from neighboring prefectures, and 440 from other prefectures. The proportion of women who were confident about future childbearing was low and the confidence was associated with radiation-related risk perceptions in both Fukushima and neighboring prefectures. The results suggest that the more people want to have children in the future, the more likely they will be able to discuss radiation, and the less likely they will be able to believe that radiation has a low impact on their partners. Therefore, it is necessary to create an environment where people can openly discuss radiation, and to examine factors that affect confidence in future childbearing and child-rearing by gender and prefecture.
Investigation on road underground defect classification and localization based on ground penetrating radar and Swin transformer
Authors: An Jinke , Yang Li , Hao Zhongyu , Chen Gongfa , Li Longjian
Published: April 2024

In response to the low detection efficiency and accuracy of traditional manual methods for detecting road underground defects, this paper proposes an intelligent detection method based on ground penetrating radar (GPR). This method integrates the detection, classification, and localization of road underground defects. The approach uses Swin Transformer as a feature extraction network and utilizes the YOLOX object detection algorithm as a road underground defect detection model. It enables the detection of defect regions in three types of defect images: voids, non-compact areas, and underground pipelines. In addition, the collected radar signals are processed by Fourier transformation to obtain time-domain spectra and frequency-domain spectra, which are further analyzed to generate signal classification data set to achieve the defect classification. Finally, based on the relative positional relationship between the detected defect images and the GPS information collected by the GPR, the real positions of the defects on the map are automatically determined using the APIs provided by Amap (AutoNavi map). Experimental results show that this method achieves a precision and recall rate of 94.2% and 99.1%, respectively, for the detection of road underground defects, with an average precision of 94% and an average classification accuracy of 90%. The method significantly improves the accuracy and speed of road underground defect detection while meeting engineering requirements, making it highly valuable for practical road underground defect detection tasks.
Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung
Authors: Becker Michael , Brandenburg Vincent
Published: April 2024

Bei Patienten mit kombinierter Herzinsuffizienz und mittel- bis höhergradiger Niereninsuffizienz (CKD: „chronic kidney disease“) ist kein einfacher Transfer der Standardtherapie der Herzinsuffizienz möglich. Es müssen die besonderen Umstände der hohen Komorbidität, der veränderten Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik sowie die Zulassungen der Medikation bedacht werden. Nichtsdestotrotz wird Herzinsuffizienz bei CKD-Patienten grundsätzlich sehr ähnlich wie bei Nierengesunden behandelt. Ein enger fachlicher Austausch zwischen den beteiligten Disziplinen ist geeignet, die bereits genannten Klippen zu umschiffen. Dies trifft besonders für Dialysepatienten mit (schwerer) Herzinsuffizienz zu, deren Therapie eine Individualentscheidung im Behandlungsteam sein sollte.
Sexualität und Schwangerschaft: Welchen Einfluss hat Vaginalverkehr
auf die Schwangerschaftsdauer?
Authors: Schulz-Ille Susanne , Jünemann Klaus , Martyniuk Urszula
Published: April 2024

Mit der Annahme, dass Sexualität die Schwangerschaftsdauer verkürze, wird
insbesondere bei Frühgeburtsbestrebungen häufig von Geschlechtsverkehr ab- und
bei Terminüberschreitung zu diesem geraten. Hierzu gibt es weder Empfehlungen in
den aktuell gültigen Leitlinien noch belastbare Evidenzen. Auch eine aktuelle
Erhebung zur Häufigkeit von Geschlechtsverkehr und Dauer der Schwangerschaft
scheint diese Annahme zu widerlegen.
Hydrodynamic benefits of fish swimming near riverbeds
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: April 2024

Freshwater fish often swim near the riverbed where food is plentiful and the wall effect helps propel them forward.
Shining a light on relationships between chlorophyll structures and optical properties
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: April 2024

PigmentHunter tool simplifies process of extracting optical information from crystallographic structure.
Time-resolved spectral investigation of low-temperature plasma induced in gas mixtures by laser-produced plasma or nanosecond pulses of extreme ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Bartnik Andrzej , Majszyk Mateusz , Skrzeczanowski Wojciech , Fok Tomasz , Węgrzyński Łukasz , Wachulak Przemysław , Fiedorowicz Henryk
Published: April 2024

The article presents comparative studies of low-temperature plasmas produced by two different experimental methods. In the first method [laser-produced plasma (LPP)-induced], low-temperature plasmas were created as a result of the interaction of laser-produced plasma (LPP) with ambient gas in the form of a gas mixture at low pressure surrounding the LPP. The LPP was produced by irradiating a gas puff target, formed from the same gas mixture, with an Nd:YAG laser pulse. In the second method [extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-induced], low-temperature plasmas were created by irradiating a small amount of a gas mixture, injected into a vacuum chamber, with a nanosecond pulse of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. The EUV pulses were generated using a laser plasma EUV source. Plasmas, created employing both methods, were investigated using time-resolved optical spectrometry. The results of measurements showed different time dependencies regarding emission lines and molecular bands, indicating differences in the processes leading to the formation of low-temperature plasmas. It has been shown that both methods produce CN molecular species; however, the emission times of the corresponding spectral bands differ significantly. It was found that these differences result from different mechanisms of atomic and molecular processes dominant in both methods of generating low-temperature plasma.
Stochastic modeling of blob-like plasma filaments in the scrape-off layer: Correlated amplitudes and velocities
Authors: Losada J. M. , Paikina O. , Garcia O. E.
Published: April 2024

A stochastic model for a superposition of uncorrelated pulses with a random distribution of amplitudes, sizes, and velocities is analyzed. The pulses are assumed to move radially with fixed shape and amplitudes decreasing exponentially in time due to linear damping. The pulse velocities are taken to be time-independent but randomly distributed. The implications of a broad distribution of pulse amplitudes and velocities, as well as correlations between these, are investigated. Fast and large-amplitude pulses lead to flattened average radial profiles with order unity relative fluctuations in the scrape-off layer. For theoretically predicted blob velocity scaling relations, the stochastic model reveals average radial profiles similar to the case of a degenerate distribution of pulse velocities but with more intermittent fluctuations. The profile e-folding length is given by the product of the average pulse velocity and the linear damping time due to losses along magnetic field lines. The model describes numerous common features from experimental measurements and underlines the role of large-amplitude fluctuations for plasma–wall interactions in magnetically confined fusion plasmas.
Reproducibility of real-time time-dependent density functional theory calculations of electronic stopping power in warm dense matter
Authors: Kononov Alina , White Alexander J. , Nichols Katarina A. , Hu S. X. , Baczewski Andrew D.
Published: April 2024

Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is widely considered to be the most accurate available method for calculating electronic stopping powers from first principles, but there have been relatively few assessments of the consistency of its predictions across different implementations. This problem is particularly acute in the warm dense regime, where computational costs are high and experimental validation is rare and resource intensive. We report a comprehensive cross-verification of stopping power calculations in conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion conducted using four different TDDFT implementations. We find excellent agreement among both the post-processed stopping powers and relevant time-resolved quantities for alpha particles in warm dense hydrogen. We also analyze sensitivities to a wide range of methodological details, including the exchange-correlation model, pseudopotentials, initial conditions, observable from which the stopping power is extracted, averaging procedures, projectile trajectory, and finite-size effects. We show that among these details, pseudopotentials, trajectory-dependence, and finite-size effects have the strongest influence, and we discuss different strategies for controlling the latter two considerations.
Three-dimensional pore-scale simulations of dynamic wicking processes on micro-structured wicks
Authors: Li Junyang , Zhang Chaoyang , Cheng Ping , Gong Shuai
Published: April 2024

Capillary wicking characteristics play an important role in two-phase thermal management devices including heat pipes and vapor chambers, yet three-dimensional (3D) pore-scale simulations of the dynamic capillary wicking process on various micro-structured surfaces have been rare. In this paper, we conduct 3D pore-scale simulations of capillary wicking on three commonly used micro-structured wicks including micro-pillar array, micro-channel, and sintered particles. The micro-scale liquid propagation dynamics and the “stick-slip” behavior of the propagating liquid front are captured using a 3D pseudo-potential multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method. Based on the Lucus–Washburn approach and a work-energy approach, we theoretically analyze wickabilities of different micro-structured wicks. Effects of wick geometry and structural parameters on the capillary wicking characteristics are discussed. We demonstrate that an optimal pillar pitch distance exists, which maximizes the wickability of the micro-pillar array. We show that when the porosity is relatively low, the wickability of the micro-channel is higher than that of the micro-pillar array and the sintered particles. When the porosity is large, however, the sintered particles exhibit higher wickability than the micro-pillar array and the micro-channel. We also demonstrate that the capillary pressure of the sintered particles is always higher than that of the micro-pillar array and the micro-channel throughout the porosity range investigated. The numerical simulation results are compared with theoretical predictions. Findings in this work provide guidelines for the designs of porous wick in various two-phase thermal management systems for high heat flux devices.
Model-based feedforward control for an optimized manipulation of acoustically levitated spheres
Authors: Andrade Marco A. B. , Zehnter Sebastian , Funke Felix , Ament Christoph
Published: April 2024

We present a simple dynamic model for predicting the manipulation behavior of an acoustically levitated sphere. The model allows for the calculation of the sphere position over time, which is demonstrated for two manipulation strategies: a straight motion with a constant manipulation velocity and a straight motion in which the sphere acceleration follows a cosine function. The dynamic model as well as the manipulation strategies is verified experimentally in an acoustic levitator system consisting of an array of 16 by 16 ultrasonic transducers emitting at 40 kHz and an opposing reflector. In this system, a glass sphere of a diameter of 2 mm is manipulated horizontally by controlling the phases of the transducers. The sphere motion is recorded using a high-speed camera, and a tracking algorithm is used for capturing the sphere position over time. Moreover, a model predictive control algorithm is applied on a path-following problem to move the sphere along a given reference trajectory by means of a model-based optimal feedforward control. The proposed dynamic model as well as the methodology presented in this paper enables faster manipulation speeds with reduced oscillations during object movement.
Tunneling splittings using modified WKB method in Cartesian coordinates: The test case of vinyl radical
Authors: Eraković Mihael , Cvitaš Marko T.
Published: April 2024

Modified WKB theory for calculating tunneling splittings in symmetric multi-well systems in full dimensionality is re-derived using Cartesian coordinates. It is explicitly shown that the theory rests on the wavefunction that is exact for harmonic potentials. The theory was applied to calculate tunneling splittings in vinyl radical and some of its deuterated isotopologues in their vibrational ground states and the low-lying vibrationally excited states and compared to exact variational results. The exact results are reproduced within a factor of 2 in most states. Remarkably, all large enhancements of tunneling splittings relative to the ground state, up to three orders in magnitude in some excited mode combinations, are well reproduced. It is also shown that in the asymmetrically deuterated vinyl radical, the theory correctly predicts the states that are localized in a single well and the delocalized tunneling states. Modified WKB theory on the minimum action path is computationally inexpensive and can also be applied without modification to much larger systems in full dimensionality; the results of this test case serve to give insight into the expected accuracy of the method.
Observation of magnetic amplification using dark spins
Authors: Jiang Min , Huang Ying , Guo Chang , Su Haowen , Wang Yuanhong , Peng Xinhua , Budker Dmitry
Published: April 2024

Quantum amplification enables the enhancement of weak signals and is of great importance for precision measurements, such as biomedical science and tests of fundamental symmetries. Here, we observe a previously unexplored magnetic amplification using dark noble-gas nuclear spins in the absence of pump light. Such dark spins exhibit remarkable coherence lasting up to 6 min and the resilience against the perturbations caused by overlapping alkali-metal gas. We demonstrate that the observed phenomenon, referred to as “dark spin amplification,” significantly magnifies magnetic field signals by at least three orders of magnitude. As an immediate application, we showcase an ultrasensitive magnetometer capable of measuring subfemtotesla fields in a single 500-s measurement. Our approach is generic and can be applied to a wide range of noble-gas isotopes, and we discuss promising optimizations that could further improve the current signal amplification up to

10
4

with

21

Ne,

10
5

with

129

Xe, and

10
6

with

3

He. This work unlocks opportunities in precision measurements, including searches for ultralight dark matter with sensitivity well beyond the supernova-observation constraints.