bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new spelaeogriphacean (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Upper Jurassic of China
Authors: Yan-bin Shen , Taylor Rod S. , Schram Frederick R.
Published: April 2019

A new monotypic genus of Spelaeogriphacea is described from the Upper Jurassic of Liaoning Province, north-east China. This new genus and species brings the number of known spelaeogriphacean taxa to four, the others being two recent forms from Brazil and South Africa, and one from the Carboniferous of eastern Canada. The new Chinese form is morphologically(and phylogenetically) very similar to the recent spelaeogriphaceans, suggesting that the body plan seenin the recent Spelaeogriphacea was achieved relatively early in the history of the group. A cladistic analysis of this and several other peracaridan orders indicates that the Spelaeogriphacea may be a paraphyletic group. This suggests that much work remains to be done with respect to the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships among the peracaridan taxa.
The egg string attachment mechanism in salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae)
Authors: Schram Thomas A.
Published: April 2019

The anatomy of the genital complex and the hook apparatus that keeps the trailing egg strings in position, are illustrated and described. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy, it is shown how the sacs are mechanically secured by the penetration of a pair of hooks through the proximal ends of the strings. The muscle groups that move the hooks are described and a mechanism of operation is suggested.
Caligus elongatus as parasites of farmed salmonids in Ireland
Authors: Jackson David , Deady Sandra , Hassett Daniel , Leahy Yvonne
Published: April 2019

Infestation patterns of Caligus elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout were investigated at several sites along the west coast of Ireland. Parasite abundances were examined in relation to host species, farm location and season. Differences were found in the relative prevalence of infestation between salmon and rainbow trout. Caligus elongatus generally contributed more as a proportion of the total lice burden on rainbow trout than on Atlantic salmon. Evidence of possible parasite transmission from wild fish stocks was found at a number of sites where marked seasonal changes in parasite abundance were observed. A wide size distribution of adult female Caligus elongatus was found at a number of sites.
Elemental analysis of Scottish populations of the ectoparasitic copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Authors: Shinn A.P. , Bron J.E. , Gray D.J. , Sommervill C.
Published: April 2019

Conventional nebulisation ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), was used to determine the concentration of a broad range of elements in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Lice samples were collected from Atlantic salmon in seven localities (4 fish farms and 3 wild salmon fisheries) on two separate sampling occasions and prepared for analysis. Sixty six elements were measured, 35 of these were found to be variable and were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. The results of the single element comparisons showed that not all individual sites could be discriminated from each other. Sea lice collected from cultured salmonids could be discriminated from those on wild salmonids at the same site using the elements magnesium (<0.05%), vanadium (<0.01%) and uranium (<0.05%). Using discriminant analysis based on 28 elements, the separation of all sampled sea lice localities from each other was clear (100% correct classification) giving each an individual signature. Further analysis examined the effects of sequentially removing elements from the discrimination model in order to determine the minimum number of elements required to obtain satisfactory discrimination of populations. It was found that 16 elements could still provide 100% correct classification, whilst 12 elements still provided 97.30% correct classification. This pilot study has shown elemental analysis to be a potentially successful method for the discrimination of populations of L. salmonis, although the biological basis of the elemental signatures derived remains to be established.
Utility of 18S rDNA and ITS sequences as population markers for Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitising Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland
Authors: Shinn A.P. , Banks B.A. , Tange N. , Bron J.E. , Sommerville C. , Aoki T. , Wootten R.
Published: April 2019

Genetic differentiation within the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837), was investigated by the sequencing of specific nucleotide regions. Partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region from single sea lice were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lice were collected from wild and farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L., 1758) from nine selected localities around the Scottish coastline. A 0.9kb fragment of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified and compared for several samples of lice which showed no observable differences between the lice from different collection sites confirming the absence of cryptic species. The 454 nucleotide ITS-1 sequence showed differences between derived sequences from 13 sea lice samples from 4 collection sites which included 2 farm sites and 2 sites where lice were taken from wild fish. Across all samples, there was a 92.14% similarity in the ITS-1 sequence. The percentage similarity in the ITS-1 sequence in samples office from two fish farms were 99.71% (site A) and 95.72% (site D) but only 86.90% (site B) and 86.03% (site C) similarity was shown in lice samples taken from sites where wild salmonids were caught. The greater similarity between the ITS-1 sequence within farm sites may be attributed to a restricted gene flow within lice populations in Atlantic salmon cage sites.
The availability and use of chemotherapeutic sea lice control products
Authors: Roth Myron
Published: April 2019

An international survey revealed that eleven compounds representing five pesticide types are currently being used on commercial salmon farms for sea lice control. These include two organophosphates (dichlorvos and azamethiphos); three pyrethrin/pyrethroid compounds (pyrethrum, cypermethrin, deltamethrin); one oxidizing agent (hydrogen peroxide); three avermectins (ivermectin, emamectin and doramectin) and two benzoylphenyl ureas (teflubenzuron and diflubenzuron). The number of compounds available in any one country is highly variable, ranging from 9 (Norway) to 6 (Chile, United Kingdom) to 4 (Ireland, Faeroes, Canada) to 2 (US)). Dichlorvos, Azamethiphos and cypermethrin were the most widely used compounds (5 countries) followed by, hydrogen peroxide, ivermectin and emamectin (4 countries each), teflubenzuron (3 countries), diflubenzuron (2 countries), and deltamethrin, pyrethrum and doramectin (1 country each). Although, like trichlorfon, dichlorvos use is being discontinued in several countries notably Norway and the Faeroes. In most instances the availability of sea lice chemotherapeutants is limited, many being used under extra-label veterinary prescription or exemption, and special investigation permits. Access to a broad range of compounds with different modes of action, as well as application methods, has only recently been acquired making assessment of chemotherapy, and therefore integrated pest management, difficult.
The influence of sub-lethal levels of zinc on smoltifying Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and on their subsequent susceptibility to infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Authors: Ibrahim A. , MacKinnon B.M. , Burt M.D.B.
Published: April 2019

Smoltifying Atlantic salmon were treated for 6 weeks in freshwater with 0, 200, and 400 ppb zinc (as Zn SO4). After 6 weeks salmon were transferred to a salt water seapen and exposed to infection with Lepeophtheirus salmonis for 14 weeks. Zinc treatment resulted in some physiological changes consistent with increased stress, such as decreased leukocrit values, and increased plasma cortisol levels. Plasma glucose levels were significantly elevated in fish previously treated with zinc, but this was only evident after fish had been in a seapen, 14 weeks subsequent to treatment. Improved conversion of tetraiodothyronine to triiodothyronine, as well as no changes in interrenal cell nuclear diameters suggested that overall stress effects were low. Fish exposed to 200 ppb and 400 ppb zinc showed gill pathology. Infection intensity with L. salmonis was significantly higher on salmon previously exposed to 400 ppb zinc. This research suggests that for smoltifying Atlantic salmon, the No Observed Pathological Effect (NOPE) level for exposure for ZNSO 4 may be around 150 ppb.
Testing cladograms by fossil record: the ghost range test
Authors: Rasnitsyn Alexandr P.
Published: April 2019

A method of the ghost range calculation is proposed to assess the congruence between a cladogram and the fossil record and to compare cladograms on this basis. The method is tested on a set of cladograms developed recently to reveal the phylogeny of the hymenopterous insects (Order Vespida), and the results are discussed.
Individuality in the female songs of wild Silvery Gibbons (Hylobates moloch) on Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dallmann Robert , Geissmann Thomas
Published: April 2019

This is the first study comparing individuality in the songs among several gibbon species. All gibbon species produce loud, long and elaborate song bouts in the early morning. Silvery gibbons (Hylobates moloch) differ from other hylobatids, however, in that duet song bouts are absent, male singing appears to be uncommon and most song bouts are female solo songs. Consistent individual differences easily distinguish neighboring females m the field, and it has been suggested that female individuality is particularly high in H. moloch in order to compensate for the lack of a family-labeling male song. The aim in this study is to test this hypothesis by quantifying individuality in H. moloch and comparing it with data on song individuality in two other gibbon species, H. agilis and H. klossii, available from earlier studies (Haimoff and Gittins, 1985; Haimoff and Tilson, 1985). The focus in those studies had been on the great call (i.e. the most stereotypical song phrase produced by gibbon females) and individual variation of several variables (such as duration and frequency range of selected great call notes) had been determined. We exactly replicated each of those studies with great calls of H. moloch, which were tape-recorded in Ujung Kulon and Gunung Pangrango. According to the working hypotheses, individuality should be highest in H. moloch, lower in H. klossii (male singing is common) and lowest in H. agilis (male singing and duets are common). Results: We found a statistically-significant degree of inter-individual variability in most great call variables of H. moloch, which is higher than that of H. klossii, but lower than that of H. agilis. Our results do not support the hypothesis that H. moloch females compensate for the rarity of male song contributions with an elevated degree of individuality in their singing. Instead, we suggest that the amount of great call individuality may be compromised by the amount of a trill component exhibited by various species of the lar group of gibbons.
Glochinema bathyperuvensis sp. n. (Nematoda, Epsilonematidae): A new species from Peruvian bathyal sediments, SE Pacific Ocean
Authors: Neira Carlos , Gad Gunnar , Arroyo Nina L. , Decraemer Wilfrida
Published: April 2019

Glochinema bathyperuvensis sp. n., the first record of Epsilonematidae from bathyal muddy sediments of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Callao, Peru (eastern Pacific Ocean) is described. The new species belongs to the subfamily Glochinematinae and is characterized by the possession of more than 8 pairs of subdorsal thorns asymmetrically arranged and a single dorsal one in the pharyngeal region, as well as by the presence of ten to thirteen blade-like cuticular protrusions forming a latero-dorsal palisade around the posterior head region and anterior cervical region. In addition, G. bathyperuvensis is characterized by its large size, more than 240 cuticular annules, provided with an extremely dense „hairy“ body ornamentation and, four rows of ambulatory setae: two inner subventral ones with 8 to 9 setae in males, and 5 to 6 setae in females, and two outer subventral rows composed each of 9-12 ambulatory setae followed by a large number of modified somatic setae. The dense hairy body spines, the large number of modified somatic setae, its dominant occurrence exclusive in oxygen-depleted, organic-rich soupy surface sediments indicate an adaptation to the stressed OMZ habitat conditions.
Systematic revision of the enigmatic Malagasy broad-headed frogs (Laurentomantis Dubois, 1980), and their phylogenetic position within the endemic mantellid radiation of Madagascar
Authors: Vences Miguel , Glaw Frank , Andreone Franco , Jesu Riccardo , Schimmenti Giovanni
Published: April 2019

A revision of species included in the subgenus Laurentomantis (genus Mantidactylus) yielded new information about phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of the endemic mantellid frog radiation in Madagascar. Four Laurentomantis species, distinguished by morphology and advertisement calls, are recognized: Mantidactylus (Laurentomantis) horridus (Northern and North-Western biogeographic regions), M. (L.) ventrimaculatus (South-East and East); M. (L.) malagasius (East); and the new species M. (L.) striatus (North-East). M. striatus and M. malagasius are probably sister species based on bioacoustic and morphological affinities. A tibial gland, so far unknown in anurans, is described in M. malagasius and M. horridus. A phylogenetic analysis of 54 mainly osteological and morphological characters in 33 endemic Malagasy anurans resulted in a position of Laurentomantis close to species of the subgenera Spinomantis and Gephyromantis (genus Mantidactylus), in accordance with its subgeneric status. However, also the well-established genus Mantella resulted to be nested within Mantidactylus, supporting the need of generic partitioning of the latter.
Notes on North Sea Basin Cainozoic echinoderms, Part 2. The echinoid Temnechinus woodii (Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor, 1846) from the Pliocene of the Netherlands
Authors: Jagt John W.M. , Idema Jan
Published: April 2019

The Pliocene temnopleurid echinoid Temnechinus woodii (Agassiz in Agassiz & Desor, 1846) (= T. excavates Forbes, 1852) is recorded from the Westerschelde at Ellewoutsdijk (province of Zeeland) and from borehole IJsselmuiden-l near Wezep (province of Overijssel). First described from the Coralline and Red crags (Pliocene-Lower Pleistocene) of southeast England, and long held to be confined to those deposits, material apparently assignable to T. woodii was recorded in the 1940s and 1950s from boreholes at Roosendaal and Oosterhout (province of Noord-Brabant). All Dutch records are from deposits referred to the Oosterhout Formation, which correlates with the Lillo Formation in the Antwerp area (Belgium), from where, perhaps surprisingly, T. woodii is still not known.
Divergence and convergence in early embryonic stages of metazoans
Authors: Galis Frietson , Sinervo Barry
Published: April 2019

The early stages of organogenesis in metazoans differ drastically between higher order taxa such as phyla and classes. The segmented germ band stage in insects, the nauplius stage of crustaceans, and the neurula/pharyngula stage in vertebrates are examples of this diversification. In striking contrast with this divergence, is the similarity of these stages within these taxa, i.e., within insects, crustaceans, and vertebrates. The early stages of organogenesis, or phylotypic stages, have, thus, remained very similar in most species since the evolutionary origin of the taxa. These phylotypic stages are considerably more similar to each other than to the earlier stages of cleavage and gastrulation. Cleavage and gastrulation stages display not only great variability, but also striking examples of apparent convergence among species in different phyla, for example in the many cases of epiblastic cleavage in yolk-rich eggs. This leads to the paradoxical situation that the overall similarity of cleavage and gastrulation stages is in general higher among metazoans than of the early stages of organogenesis, but within phyla and classes the situation is the reverse. We discuss data on cleavage, gastrulation, and early organogenesis and evaluate possible causes for conservation, homoplasy, and diversification in an attempt to throw light on this paradoxical situation. In addition, we discuss a hypothesis that has been proposed to explain the diversity of early stages of organogenesis at the level of metazoans and the similarity within many phyla and classes.
Paleozoic cumaceans (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) from North America
Authors: Schram Frederick R. , Hof Cees H.J. , Mapes Royal H. , Snowdon Polly
Published: April 2019

Three new species of malacostracans are described from North America in the Upper Mississippian Into Formation of Arkansas, and the Pennsylvanian Eudora Shale of southeastern Kansas. These appear to be the oldest fossils attributed to the Cumacea and are only the third collection of fossil cumaceans anywhere to be described. Previously depicted forms occur in the Permian and Jurassic of Europe. We herein double the number of described fossil cumacean species and suggest some necessary adjustments to the higher taxonomy of the group to accommodate apomorphic features of the fossil and Recent forms.
Macrurans (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) of the Ambilobé area (NW Madagascar)
Authors: Garassino Alessandro , Pasini Giovanni , Teruzzi Giorgio
Published: April 2019

Fossil decapods of the Lower Triassic marine strata of Madagascar are reviewed. These display affiliation to the dendrobranchiates. These include Antrimpos madagascariensis, two species of Ifasya (I. madagascariensis and I. straeleni) and Ambilobeia karojoi.
First record of Coleia Broderip (Crustacea, Decapoda, Coleiidae) from the Upper Triassic of Japan
Authors: Karasawa Hiroaki , Takahashi Fumio , Doi Eiji , Ishida Hideo
Published: April 2019

We record the discovery of Coleia Broderip (Eryonoidea: Coleiidae) from the Nakatsuka Formation, Mine Group, Upper Triassic of Japan. The specimens were collected from shales exposed at Tsubuta, Sanyo-cho (YamaguchiPrefecture). Coleia co-occurs there with fragments of a penaeoid, bivalves, Halobia spp., ammonites, and plants.
New Late Cretaceous and Early Cenozoic decapod crustaceans from California, USA: implications for the origination of taxa in the eastern North Pacific
Authors: Nyborg Torrey G. , Vega Francisco J. , Filkorn Harry F.
Published: April 2019

Recent revision of Cretaceous and Paleocene brachyurans in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County has revealed the presence of several new species. Based upon these fossils and their ages, it is evident that they played a pivotal role in the origination and subsequent dispersal of decapod crustaceans within the eastern North Pacific.
Cuticle microstructure as a new tool in systematic paleontology
Authors: Waugh David A. , Feldmann Rodney M.
Published: April 2019

Fossil decapod cuticle has received little systematic study. The purpose of the present note is to survey the cuticle architecture of eleven extant decapod crabs arrayed within ten families, and to develop a classification scheme of cuticle types suitable for describing fossil and Recent decapod cuticle morphology.
Variation in number of trunk vertebrae and in count of costal grooves in salamanders of the family Hynobiidae
Authors: Litvinchuk S.N. , Borkin L.J.
Published: April 2019

Ten species from five genera of the family Hynobiidae were studied. The number of trunk vertebrae varied between 14 and 21, and the count of costal grooves ranged from 10 to 15. Both the within-species variation and the within-population variation were recorded in some species. In both kinds the values of the coefficient of variation were quite low. In Salamandrella keyserlingii, the south-eastern samples markedly differed from remaining ones. Among the hynobiids, the genus Onychodactylus (both species) and Batrachuperus mustersi have higher number of vertebrae in the anterior part of trunk (5 and 4, respectively, versus 3), and, thus, demonstrated a distinct position. The relation between the number of trunk vertebrae and the count of costal grooves was studied. The variation in number of trunk vertebrae across urodelan families was discussed.
Three new sympatric species of Remipedia (Crustacea) from Great Exuma Island, Bahamas Islands
Authors: Koenemann Stefan , Iliffe Thomas M. , van der Ham Joris
Published: April 2019

Three new sympatric species of remipede crustaceans, Speleonectes tanumekes, Speleonectes parabenjamini and Speleonectes minnsi, are described from an anchihaline cave on Great Exuma Island in the central Bahamas. Speleonectes tanumekes is a comparatively long and slender species distinguished by the largest number of trunk segments found in remipedes to date. Speleonectes parabenjamini is morphologically closely related to Speleonectes benjamini, but differs from the latter species by several distinct autapomorphies. Speleonectes minnsi is characterized by comparatively robust maxillules. The occurrence of three sympatric species is a remarkable record for the Remipedia adding to a total of 10 sympatric taxa. We discuss the high diversity of remipedes in the larger West Indian region with regard to their evolutionary history and origin.
Community composition and species richness of parasitoids infesting Yponomeuta species in the Netherlands
Authors: Cleary Daniel F.R.
Published: April 2019

Parasitoid assemblages infesting Yponomeuta species in the Netherlands were investigated. Parasitoid species richness and community composition were related to host species, habitat, temporal and spatial variation. Both community structure and species richness did not differ among habitats. There was no significant difference in species richness between years (1994 and 1995) but there was a significant difference in community composition. Community composition and species richness both differed among host species, although this latter result was solely due to the host species Y. evonymellus. There was no significant relationship between community similarity and distance. These results indicate that the parasitoids of the moth genus Yponomeuta in the Netherlands appear to form a spatially stable, but temporally variable community. Most of the variation in community structure was, however, related to the host species. The marked difference in parasitoid species richness and community composition of Y. evonymellus when compared to the other species warrants further study.
Effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the density and the biomass of the endemic Hose’s leaf monkey Presbytis hosei (Thomas, 1889) (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae) in east Borneo
Authors: Nijman Vincent
Published: April 2019

Hose’s leaf monkey Presbytis hosei is endemic to Borneo and occurs only in tall forest. In recent decades Borneo has lost a large part of its forest cover, mostly in low-lying coastal regions. Large intact tracts of forest remain in the interior, but these are by and large inhabited by tribes that subsist in part by hunting. The combined effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on the densities and biomass of Hose’s leaf monkey were studied in Kayan Mentarang National Park in Borneo’s far interior. Over four months, data on densities and hunting were collected by transect walks in four forest types. Hose’s leaf monkeys were hunted to deter crop-raiding, for their meat, and to obtain bezoar stones (visceral secretions used in traditional medicine). Hose’s leaf monkeys occurred in single male groups of 7-8 individuals in densities from 0.8 to 2.3 groups km-2. Densities of Hose’s leaf monkeys were positively correlated with certain vegetation characteristics, e.g. tree height and height of first bough, and negatively correlated with distance to the nearest village. Biomass of Hose’s leaf monkeys declined considerably as a result of habitat disturbance and hunting from 92 kg km-2 in primary hill forest inside the reserve to 38 kg km-2 in old secondary forest and 31 kg km-2 in young secondary forest near villages. A review of the few studies conducted on the effects of habitat disturbance and hunting on Hose’s leaf monkeys reveal inconsistent trends in biomass and density responses.
Hot summers, long life: egg laying strategies of Maniola butterflies are affected by geographic provenance rather than adult diet
Authors: Grill Andrea , Cerny Andrea , Fiedler Konrad
Published: April 2019

Maniola butterflies undergo summer dormancy in dry and hot habitats and deposit their eggs only in early autumn when conditions become more favourable for their offspring. Female individuals of this genus are therefore relatively long-lived. For long-lived butterflies adult diet is of particular importance. We tested if added amino acids in nectar substitute fed to the butterflies affected timing of oviposition, fecundity and longevity. A hundred Maniola females were sampled from Mediterranean and Central European populations and made to oviposit under controlled laboratory conditions. Forty individuals were offered sucrose solution with additional amino acids while the remainder were fed with plain sucrose solution. We found that egg-laying strategies and longevity depended on geographic provenance rather than diet. Supplementary amino acids in adult diet did neither prolong lifetime nor increase total egg production. Maniola females from Sardinia started to lay eggs at least 20 days later relative to Central European M. jurtina and lived three times as long. Mediterranean individuals had on average twice the length of reproductive period and lifespan relative to Central European ones, and individuals of Pannonian origin lived longer than Alpine butterflies. Average total egg numbers were 200-350 eggs per female and did not differ significantly between populations. The fact that oviposition strategy could not be altered through diet may indicate that for univoltine butterflies, like Maniola, diet-quality at the adult stage is less important than endogenous factors, or factors the butterflies are exposed to in an earlier developmental stage than the imago. Oviposition strategy closely matched the climatic conditions that prevail in the geographic regions where these butterflies fly.
Three new cryptic species of the lamprey genus Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788 (Petromyzontiformes: Petromyzontidae) from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Mateus Catarina S. , Judite Alves M. , Quintella Bernardo R. , Almeida Pedro R.
Published: April 2019

The Iberian Peninsula is a repository for biodiversity, presenting high levels of endemism in both plants and animals. In this peninsular region, brook lampreys confined to small, isolated river basins evolved in allopatry giving rise to evolutionary lineages, as revealed by mitochondrial DNA markers. For a better understanding of the taxonomic status and relationships of Iberian populations of the genus Lampetra, we combined previous data from genetics and morphological analysis (assessed here), and describe three new species of the lamprey genus Lampetra Bonnaterre, 1788 in Portugal. In this region L. planeri actually represent a complex of cryptic species, each having smaller geographic ranges than L. planeri, and consequently, greater vulnerability to extinction. The description of Lampetra alavariensis sp. nov. is based on 36 specimens collected on Ribeira de Mangas, a tributary of river Esmoriz, in Northern Portugal. Lampetra auremensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of 31 specimens collected on Ribeira do Olival, a small tributary of river Nabão (Tagus basin). Finally, Lampetra lusitanica sp. nov. is described based on 38 specimens from Ribeira da Marateca, Sado river basin, the southernmost distribution of the genus Lampetra. The recognition of these new species will contribute to the conservation of these already imperilled taxa and will help prevent the extinction of three important evolutionary lineages.
The Changing Fates of the Cambodian Islamic Manuscript Tradition
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: April 2019

Predominantly Buddhist Cambodia is home to a distinctive Islamic manuscript tradition, introduced into the country by Cham settlers from Champa in present-day Vietnam, and further developed in the Khmer kingdom. Commonly written in Cham script (akhar srak) or in a combination of the latter and Arabic, it has largely fallen into disuse among the majority of Cambodian Muslims since the mid-19th century, as the community increasingly turned towards Islamic scholarship and printed books in jawi (i.e. Arabic-script-based) Malay. Among the side effects of this development was the adoption of jawi also for the Cham language, which has, however, only been employed in a modest number of manuscripts. A minority of akhar srak users and discontents of growing Malay religious and cultural influence, based mainly in central and northwestern Cambodia, have, however, kept the local Islamic manuscript tradition alive. Recognized by the Cambodian state as a distinct Islamic religious community in 1998, this group now known as the Islamic Community of Imam San, has made the physical preservation of, and engagement with, their manuscripts a central pillar of identity and community formation. The present article provides insight into the changing fates of the Islamic manuscript tradition in Cambodia as well as an overview of content, distribution and usage of Islamic manuscripts in the country.
A Mamluk Qurʾānic Ǧuzʾ and Its Connection with Amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Ǧazāʾirī
Authors: Juvin Carine
Published: April 2019

This article presents a Mamluk Qurʾān ǧuzʾ copied in Cairo in the late 14th century, newly acquired by the Musée du Louvre. It is an interesting example of manuscript production in this period and well contextualized thanks to its informative colophon. It can be linked with other volumes of the same Qurʾān now in Cairo and Brussels. This manuscript was acquired together with some documents (two letters, a note and a watercolour) revealing information about its circulation in the 19th century and connecting it with the amīr ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Ǧazāʾirī and the French orientalist Léon Roches.
Arabic Manuscripts from Buton, Southeast Sulawesi, and the Literary Activities of Sultan Muḥammad ʿAydarūs (1824–1851)
Authors: Peacock A.C.S.
Published: April 2019

This article examines the Arabic manuscripts of Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, focussing on the Abdul Mulku Zahari collection. In particular, it studies manuscripts of texts composed by the ruler of Buton, Sultan Muḥammad ʿAydarūs (r. 1824–1851) who wrote a large number of Sufi works in both Arabic and Wolio, the literary language of the Butonese court. The manuscripts attest not only the religious and intellectual culture of the court, but also Buton’s connections with the wider Islamic world including the Hijaz and its reformist Sufi movements. The article also situates Muḥammad ʿAydarūs’s Arabic works in the broader context of Butonese history and textual production.
The Democratizing Effects of Transnational Actors’ Access to International Courts
Authors: Squatrito Theresa
Published: April 2019

Little attention has been given to understanding how international courts feature in legitimacy assessments. How should the performance of international courts be evaluated in terms of their effect on a democratic deficit in international lawmaking? This article takes an initial step toward understanding how international courts improve or weaken the presence of democratic values in international lawmaking. In particular, this article focuses on one aspect of international courts—access for transnational actors. This article argues that TNA access to international courts provides an institutional mechanism to advance participation and transparency in international lawmaking. Normative and empirical analysis are combined to illustrate the extent to which access applies to international courts. Based on the empirical findings, which show a marked increase in TNA access to international courts, I argue that the increased participation and transparency made available through TNA access have democratizing effects on international lawmaking.
Not Just Another Pint! The Role of Emotion Induced by Music on the Consumer’s Tasting Experience
Authors: Reinoso-Carvalho Felipe , Dakduk Silvana , Wagemans Johan , Spence Charles
Published: April 2019

We introduce a novel methodology to assess the influence of the emotion induced by listening to music on the consumer’s multisensory tasting experience. These crossmodal effects were analyzed when two contrasting music tracks (positive vs negative emotion) were presented to consumers while tasting beer. The results suggest that the emotional reactions triggered by the music influenced specific aspects of the multisensory tasting experience. Participants liked the beer more, and rated it as tasting sweeter, when listening to music associated with positive emotion. The same beer was rated as more bitter, with higher alcohol content, and as having more body, when the participants listened to music associated with negative emotion. Moreover, participants were willing to pay 7–8% more for the beer that was tasted while they listened to positive music. This novel methodology was subsequently replicated with two different styles of beer. These results are discussed along with practical implications concerning the way in which music can add significant value to how a consumer responds to a brand.
Sugarwork: The Gastropoetics of Afro-Asia After the Plantation
Authors: Goffe Tao Leigh
Published: April 2019

The politics and the poetics of sugar and its production have long connected African and Asian diasporas as the material legacy of the Caribbean plantation. This article considers the repurposing of sugar as art and the aesthetic of artists of Afro-Chinese descent, Andrea Chung and Mara Magdalena Campos-Pons. Part of a diasporic tradition of employing sugar as a medium that I call sugarwork, their artwork evokes the colonial entanglements of nutrition and labour on the plantation, centered in the belly. The womb makes, and the stomach unmakes. This practice, employing the materiality of foodstuffs, is part of a gastropoetics, wherein centering the sensorium opens alternative forms of knowledge production to the European colonial archive. As the descendants of enslaved Africans and indentured Chinese, Campos-Pons and Chung metabolize sugar in ways that grapple with the futurity of the plantation to form a new intertwined genealogy of black and Chinese womanhood.
Racialized Agents and Villains of the Security State: How African Americans are Interpellated against Muslims and Muslim Americans
Authors: Osman Wazhmah
Published: April 2019

This article examines modern American warfare and policing to draw parallels in the ways that national citizens and foreign nationals are subjected to similar regimes of violence and subjugation and highlight the interrelated oppressions of marginalized groups at home with marginalized groups abroad. It analyzes media representations of people from the Middle Eastern, North African, and South Asian (menasa) regions to further demonstrate the workings of empire. In particular, the us military-industrial complex, in conjunction with the us media industry, has played a pivotal role in creating dangerous post-9/11 stereotypes of menasa people as ruthless terrorists. Simultaneously, the us media fabricate an organic alliance between African Americans and its security state apparatus, thereby creating discord and disunity between African Americans and Arabs and other Muslim Americans. Against the hegemony of these institutions, how can activists create spectatorial solidarity and unified movements?
Distantial Ways of Knowing: Doug Blomberg’s Proposal for a Reformational Epistemology
Authors: Zuidervaart Lambert
Published: April 2019

This essay explores the Reformational epistemology proposed by Australian philosopher and educator Doug Blomberg in 1978. After locating his work in a tradition of holistic pluralism with regard to knowledge, I introduce the notion of distantial knowing, Blomberg’s key innovation. Blomberg uses this notion to identify and describe multiple ways of acquiring normative insight, ways that are not theoretical but do open up concrete experience. Although in agreement with Blomberg’s emphasis on the integrality and multidimensionality of knowledge, I raise questions about the role of analytic or logical knowing, the sociocultural mediation of experience, and the contributions of cultural practices and social institutions to knowledge acquisition. I return to these questions in a companion article on the social domains of knowledge.
Dooyeweerd’s Understanding of Meaning (1)
Authors: Basden Andrew
Published: April 2019

Meaning is very important in Dooyeweerd’s Reformational philosophy. This essay seeks to examine what Dooyeweerd wrote about meaning and how he used it in mapping out the various domains of his philosophy. A distinction is drawn between different types of meaning, and it seems that what Dooyeweerd intended was a meaningfulness that exists prior to being, which surrounds and pervades us and is not limited to humans. The aims of the article are to paint a systematic picture of Dooyeweerd’s understanding of meaning and suggest some ways in which it might be developed further by Reformational philosophers. This essay is intended, however, to be of wider interest than just to Reformational discourse, especially in conjunction with its companion paper, which discusses how Dooyeweerd’s understanding can be useful in the sciences and practice.
Verité morale et savoir chez Socrate
Authors: Brancacci Aldo
Published: April 2019

This paper argues that the strong relationship between moral truth and knowledge is the main feature of Socrates’ philosophy and what makes him the real discoverer of ethics. In particular, this point explains the peculiar knowledge model adopted by Socrates, who, while admitting to be aware of his ignorance, shows instead his deep knowledge in a series of philosophical domains. Moreover, all this process makes the Socratic concept of anthropine sophia something dynamic and essential for philosophical inquiry. At the beginning, the paper also provides a new look at the so-called Socratic question.
Aristotle on the Organ and Medium of Touch
Authors: Redmond David
Published: April 2019

Aristotle identifies the eye as the organ of sight, the ear as the organ of hearing, and the nose as the organ of smell. However, rather than identify the flesh as the organ of touch and that particular bit of flesh, the tongue, as the organ of taste, Aristotle makes what he admits to be the surprising claim that the organ of both touch and taste is located further inward (near the heart). The flesh is merely the medium that comes between the sense organ and their respective sense objects. Focusing on the sense of touch in particular, I consider what reasons Aristotle offers in support of this claim. After carefully wading through De Anima 2.11, I argue that the only argument that Aristotle offers there relies on an assumption about the unity of the senses that provides as much support for alternative views about the organ and medium of touch as it does for the view that Aristotle endorses.
What is Sociability in Diplomacy?
Authors: Shimazu Naoko
Published: April 2019

The Bandung Conference of 1955 illustrates several important points about the exercise of contemporary diplomacy, with its careful mixing of cultural symbolism, Cold War politics, anti-colonialism, and the cultivation of “sociability” among the diplomats and leaders present. Among those points is the difficulty in drawing a distinction between the informal and formal aspects of social engineering in this instance, with everyone – especially diplomatic wives – playing significant roles.
Apocalyptic Diplomacy
Authors: Watkins John
Published: April 2019

Does the us president seek a war to end all war in the Middle East? Apocalyptic thinking is hardly a novelty when it comes to the United States, or to diplomacy. A look back at the 17th century, and the evolution of international thinking since, reminds us how durable such thinking can be.
Tetramphora croatica sp. nov.—A new brackish-water species from Lake Vransko, Croatia
Authors: CAPUT MIHALIĆ KATARINA , GLIGORA UDOVIČ MARIJA , GALOVIĆ INES , STANKOVIĆ IGOR , ŠUŠNJARA MIRELA , ŽUTINIĆ PETAR , KULAŠ ANTONIJA , ŠPOLJARIĆ IGOR , LEVKOV ZLATKO
Published: April 2019

The genus Amphora sensu lato was considered highly heterogeneous for a long time. Modern microscopy and molecular analyses revealed significant differences in cell morphology and structure, thus suggesting polyphyly of the genus. New findings resulted in separation and description of several amphoroid genera. Recently, the genus Tetramphora Mereschkowsky was re-established based on ultrastructural and molecular analyses. The genus is widely spread in marine and brackish habitats. Recent observations of contemporary flora and cores from Lake Vransko (Croatia) revealed a new species of Tetramphora. The new species is characterized by having large semi-elliptical valves with arched dorsal margin and biarcuate ventral margin, length of 49.0–78.0 µm and width between 7.5–12.0 µm. The raphe is discontinuous, with proximal raphe ends externally covered with large siliceous flap. Striae are uniseriate, composed of small round to elongated areolae. Based on this unique combination of characters visible on light and scanning electron microscope, a new species Tetramphora croatica sp. nov. is described.
Alternaria hydrangeae sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Pleosporaceae) from Hydrangea paniculata in China
Authors: PEI DONG FANG , AUNG SEIN LAI LAI , LIU HAI FENG , LIU QUAN KE , YU ZHI HE , DENG JIAN XIN
Published: April 2019

In 2017, a new fungal species, Alternaria hydrangeae, was isolated from necrotic leaf spots of Hydrangea paniculata in Shenyang Botanical Garden, Liaoning, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on five genes (ITS, GPDH, Alt a1, RPB2 and TEF1) indicated that the species is a new taxon closely related to Alternaria deserticola in section Porri. Both species were significantly different from each other based on cultural features on SNA and PCA. Previously, A. deserticola was morphologically considered as A. acalyphicola. With respect to conidial characters, the species was distinct from A. acalyphicola in conidia shape, size and transverse septa. Pathogenicity tests indicated that it could induce necrotic symptoms on its host. The species is illustrated here as a new one causing leaf spot on H. paniculata.
Six new species of the genus Euphthiracarus (Acari: Oribatida: Euphthiracaridae) from China
Authors: LIU DONG , WU DONGHUI , CHEN JUN
Published: April 2019

Six new species of Euphthiracarus from China are described: E. macrorostralis sp. nov., E. medogensis sp. nov., E. min-imus sp. nov., E. oblongus sp. nov., E. protrusus sp. nov., E. truncatus sp. nov., and a key to all known species of China is provided.
First description of the male spider Pacifiphantes magnificus (Chamberlin & Ivie) (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Authors: SLOWIK JOZEF , BLAGOEV GERGIN A.
Published: April 2019

The spider Pacifiphantes magnificus (Chamberlin & Ivie 1943)(Linyphiidae), originally described as a member of the ge-nus Bathyphates, is redescribed and the first description of the male is presented. DNA barcoding was used to test the conspecificity of specimens from different collection events and to help match specimens from different sexes.
Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)
Authors: MUADSUB SAWITREE , SUTCHARIT CHIRASAK , PIMVICHAI PIYATIDA , ENGHOFF HENRIK , EDGECOMBE GREGORY D. , PANHA SOMSAK
Published: April 2019

The genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, currently classified in the scolopendrid subfamily Otostigminae and tribe Sterropristini, is revised. The monotypic genus Malaccolabis Verhoeff, 1937, is synonymized with Sterropristes. Sterropristes sarasinorum Attems, 1934 from Tomohon, Celebes, Indonesia (type species of Sterropristes) and S. metallicus (Verhoeff, 1937) from Penang Hill, Penang, Malaysia (type species of Malaccolabis) are redescribed based on their type material, together with newly collected topotypes of S. metallicus. Sterropristes violaceus Muadsub and Panha n. sp., found under leaves on islands in the Andaman Sea, south-western Thailand, is described.
A new wolf spider species in the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Eastern Europe
Authors: NADOLNY ANTON A. , PONOMAREV ALEXANDR V. , DVADNENKO KONSTANTIN V.
Published: April 2019

The wolf spider genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885, contains 160 named species (Platnick 2012) and the type species of the genus is A. fabrilis (Clerck, 1757), which is a Palaearctic species like most species in the genus (Platnick 2012). The taxonomic structure of the genus has been studied in two revisions; Lugetti & Tongiorgi (1969) divided 24 species of European Alopecosa into five species groups and Dondale & Redner (1979) divided seven species from North America into three groups. Many species currently in Alopecosa do not appear to be related to the type species; hence the genus is polyphyletic and should be divided into several genera (Marusik & Kovblyuk 2011). Faunistic revisions of Alopecosa have been produced for Italy (Lugetti & Tongiorgi 1969), Romania (Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971), North America (Dondale & Redner 1979), China (Song et al. 1999) and Sweden (Almquist 2005). In the Ukraine and European Russia, 18 and 22 species have been reported, respectively (Mikhailov 1997, 2000). Twenty species of Alopecosa have been described since the year 2000 (Platnick 2012), including one from Central Europe (Czech Republic and Slovakia) (Buchar 2001), one from Greece (Buchar 2001), one from Southwestern Russia and six species from Western Kazakhstan (Ponomarev 2007, 2008, 2009).
A revision of the soft coral genus, Eunephthya Verrill, 1869 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Nephtheidae), with a description of four new species from South Africa
Authors: MCFADDEN CATHERINE S. , VAN OFWEGEN LEEN P.
Published: April 2019

Based on the results of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of newly collected material, we reinstate thesoft coral genus Eunephthya Verrill, 1869 for a group of species endemic to South Africa. Eunephthya is morphologicallyand phylogenetically distinct from the zooxanthellate, tropical genus Capnella Gray, 1869 with which it had been synon-ymized. In Eunephthya the polyp sclerites include unilaterally spinose or leaf spindles, and the sclerites of the stalk surfaceand interior (when present) are small radiates and spheroids. In contrast, C. imbricata, the type species of Capnella, hasleaf clubs and leaf-capstans in the polyps and stalk surface, and large ovals and irregular forms in the interior. We describefour new species of Eunephthya from Algoa Bay, South Africa—E. celata, E. ericius, E. granulata, and E. shirleyae— and propose a new combination, E. susanae.Keywords. Molecular phylogenetics, Capnella, mtMutS, COI, 28S rDNA, endemism