bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the role of dominance and nurturance in the confluence model: A person‐centered approach to the prediction of sexual aggression
Authors: Troche Stefan J. , Herzberg Philipp Yorck
Published: October 2016

Malamuth's (1998) confluence model holds that the combination of hostile masculinity, impersonal sexuality, and the constellation of high dominance and low nurturance plays a crucial role in explaining men's sexual aggression against women. Most studies on the confluence model concentrate on hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality rather than dominance and nurturance. Using a person‐centered approach, we investigated whether sexual aggressive men could be better identified in a sample of 692 men when not only hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality but also dominance and nurturance were used as indicators in a latent profile analysis. Regardless of whether dominance and nurturance were considered or not, latent profile analyses revealed a high‐risk group, which showed higher sexual aggression than other groups. In both cases, the sensitivity (i.e., the proportion of sexually aggressive men correctly assigned to the high‐risk group) was low (33% and 31%, respectively) but increased substantially for the identification of severe sexual aggression. The positive prediction value, however, increased from 68% to 78% when dominance and nurturance were considered as predictor variables in addition to hostile masculinity and impersonal sexuality, indicating that more men assigned to the high‐risk group were indeed sexually aggressive. These results demonstrate the power of the confluence model for identifying sexually aggressive men from a person‐centered perspective. They also point to the necessity of expanding this perspective by considering further (e.g., situational) risk factors, which have previously been identified as predicting sexually aggressive behavior in men. Aggr. Behav. 43:251–262, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Observation of Negative Capacitance in Polycrystalline Ferroelectric HfO2
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Pešić Milan , Chatterjee Korok , Khan Asif I. , Salahuddin Sayeef , Slesazeck Stefan , Schroeder Uwe , Mikolajick Thomas
Published: October 2016

To further reduce the power dissipation in nanoscale transistors, the fundamental limit posed by the Boltzmann distribution of electrons has to be overcome. Stabilization of negative capacitance in a ferroelectric gate insulator can be used to achieve this by boosting the transistor gate voltage. Up to now, negative capacitance is only directly observed in polymer and perovskite ferroelectrics, which are incompatible with semiconductor manufacturing. Recently discovered HfO2‐based ferroelectrics, on the other hand, are ideally suited for this application because of their high scalability and semiconductor process compatibility. Here, for the first time, a direct measurement of negative capacitance in polycrystalline HfO2‐based thin films is reported. Decreasing voltage with increasing charge transients are observed in 18 and 27 nm thin Gd:HfO2 capacitors in series with an external resistor. Furthermore, a multigrain Landau–Khalatnikov model is developed to successfully simulate this transient behavior in polycrystalline ferroelectrics with nucleation limited switching dynamics. Structural requirements for negative capacitance in such materials are discussed. These results demonstrate that negative capacitance effects are not limited to epitaxial ferroelectrics, thus significantly extending the range of potential applications.
Chiral Phosphine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates with Cyclic 1‐Azadienes: Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentenes
Authors: Wu Yang , Liu Yang , Yang Wenjun , Liu Honglei , Zhou Leijie , Sun Zhanhu , Guo Hongchao
Published: October 2016

With the use of a bifunctional chiral phosphine as the catalyst, the asymmetric [3+2] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with cyclic 1‐azadienes proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to give various enantiomerically enriched cyclopentene derivatives bearing three consecutive tertiary stereocenters and a sulfamate moiety in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities and excellent diastereoselectivities.

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Rural Young Adults’ Lay Theories of Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Examination
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Banyard Victoria L. , Moschella Elizabeth A. , Seavey Katherine M.
Published: October 2016

This study qualitatively examined rural emerging adults’ ways of thinking (i.e., lay theories) about the causes of intimate partner violence (IPV) and ideas on how to preventIPVmost effectively. Participants were 74 individuals (majority Caucasian, heterosexual, low income) between the ages of 18 and 24 who resided in one of 16 rural communities. Participants’ perceptions of the causes ofIPVincluded (a) individual‐level pathology, stress, and lack of education; (b) intergenerational transmission of violence and early‐life factors; (c) relationship stressors and challenges; and (d) community factors. Furthermore, participants felt thatIPVcould most effectively be prevented through (a) education and awareness; (b) victim‐focused efforts (e.g., teaching self‐esteem); and (c) job creation. Overall, participants identified a number of established risk factors forIPVperpetration across the social ecological model, although a number were never or rarely mentioned (e.g., peer group norms, positive bystander action, and collective efficacy). Future research should examine if and how perceptions of the causes ofIPVimpactIPVprevention engagement and impact. Further, prevention initiatives that take into account understandings of lay theories aboutIPVmay be more impactful in reducingIPVthan prevention initiatives that do not.
Exertional heat illness and acute injury related to ambient wet bulb globe temperature
Authors: Garzon‐Villalba Ximena P. , Mbah Alfred , Wu Yougui , Hiles Michael , Moore Hanna , Schwartz Skai W. , Bernard Thomas E.
Published: October 2016

Background

The Deepwater Horizon disaster cleanup effort provided an opportunity to examine the effects of ambient thermal conditions on exertional heat illness (EHI) and acute injury (AI).

Methods

The outcomes were daily person‐based frequencies of EHI and AI. Exposures were maximum estimated WBGT (WBGTmax) and severity. Previous day's cumulative effect was assessed by introducing previous day's WBGTmax into the model.

Results

EHI and AI were higher in workers exposed above a WBGTmax of 20°C (RR 1.40 and RR 1.06/°C, respectively). Exposures above 28°C‐WBGTmax on the day of the EHI and/or the day before were associated with higher risk of EHI due to an interaction between previous day's environmental conditions and the current day (RRs from 1.0–10.4).

Conclusions

The risk for EHI and AI were higher with increasing WBGTmax. There was evidence of a cumulative effect from the prior day's WBGTmax for EHI. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:1169–1176, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Situ Generated Janus Fabrics for the Rapid and Efficient Separation of Oil from Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Wang Zijie , Liu Guojun , Huang Shuaishuai
Published: October 2016

A cotton fabric was coated with a polymer that contains both poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA). When the repeat unit number of PDMS is about three‐fold that of PDMAEMA and the fabric is exposed to air, the fabric is superhydrophobic because PDMS in the coating covers the PDMAEMA chains. Upon contact with an oil‐in‐water emulsion, the water‐soluble PDMAEMA rises to the top and the side in contact with the emulsion becomes hydrophilic. The emerged PDMAEMA chains then cause the emulsion droplets to coagulate, and the aggregated oil fills the pores on the superhydrophobic side of the fabric. The oil‐impregnated side remains hydrophobic even upon prolonged contact with water. Thus, a Janus fabric is elegantly generated in situ and sustained. This easy‐to‐prepare Janus fabric rapidly and efficiently separates oil from emulsions and may find practical applications.
Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe with New Recognition Moiety for Specific Detection of Tyrosinase Activity: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Living Cells and Zebrafish
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Li Lihong , Shi Wen , Gong Qiuyu , Ma Huimin
Published: October 2016

Fluorescence imaging of tyrosinase (a cancer biomarker) in living organisms is of great importance for biological studies. However, selective detection of tyrosinase remains a great challenge because current fluorescent probes that contain the 4‐hydroxyphenyl moiety show similar fluorescence responses to both tyrosinase and some reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby suffering from ROS interference. Herein, a new tyrosinase‐recognition 3‐hydroxybenzyloxy moiety, which exhibits distinct fluorescence responses for tyrosinase and ROS, is proposed. Using the recognition moiety, we develop a near‐infrared fluorescence probe for tyrosinase activity, which effectively eliminates the interference from ROS. The high specificity of the probe was demonstrated by imaging and detecting endogenous tyrosinase activity in live cells and zebrafish and further validated by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The probe is expected to be useful for the accurate detection of tyrosinase in complex biosystems.
Solubility measurement of hydrogen, ethylene, and 1‐hexene in polyethylene films through an intelligent gravimetric analyzer
Authors: Sun Jingyuan , Wang Haotong , Chen Meijuan , Ye Jian , Jiang Binbo , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Ren Congjing
Published: October 2016

The solubility of hydrogen (H2), ethylene (C2H4), 1‐hexene (C6H12), and the mixture of C2H4/1‐C6H12 in semicrystalline polyethylene (PE) films is measured using an intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA) in combination with prediction equations. For the pure‐component sorption in PE, the solubility of C2H4 and 1‐C6H12 decreases with the temperature, while that of H2 exhibits an opposite variation tendency in the temperature range under test. For the C2H4/1‐C6H12 mixture, the co‐solubility is almost 10% smaller than the sum of the pure‐component solubility. 1‐C6H12 acts as a co‐solvent and C2H4 an antisolvent. Moreover, good consistency has been achieved between the measured data and the prediction results from the Sanchez‐Lacombe EOS model, demonstrating the reliability of the measurement approach employed in this work. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44507.
Semiparametric Bayesian optimal replacement policies: application to railroad tracks
Authors: Merrick Jason R. , Soyer Refik
Published: October 2016

We present a Bayesian decision theoretic approach for developing replacement strategies. In so doing, we consider a semiparametric model to describe the failure characteristics of systems by specifying a nonparametric form for cumulative intensity function and by taking into account effect of covariates by a parametric form. Use of a gamma process prior for the cumulative intensity function complicates the Bayesian analysis when the updating is based on failure count data. We develop a Bayesian analysis of the model using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and determine replacement strategies. Adoption of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods involves a data augmentation algorithm. We show the implementation of our approach using actual data from railroad tracks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Centriole positioning in epithelial cells and its intimate relationship with planar cell polarity
Authors: Carvajal‐Gonzalez Jose Maria , Mulero‐Navarro Sonia , Mlodzik Marek
Published: October 2016

Planar cell polarity (PCP)‐signaling and associated tissue polarization are evolutionarily conserved. A well documented feature of PCP‐signaling in vertebrates is its link to centriole/cilia positioning, although the relationship of PCP and ciliogenesis is still debated. A recent report in Drosophila established that Frizzled (Fz)‐PCP core signaling has an instructive input to polarized centriole positioning in non‐ciliated Drosophila wing epithelia as a PCP read‐out. Here, we review the impact of this observation in the context of recent descriptions of the relationship(s) of core Fz‐PCP signaling and cilia/centriole positioning in epithelial and non‐epithelial cells. All existing data are consistent with a model where Fz‐PCP signaling functions upstream of centriole/cilia positioning, independent of ciliogenesis. The combined data sets indicate that the Fz‐Dsh PCP complex is instructive for centriole/ciliary positioning via an actin‐based mechanism. Thereby, centriole/cilia/centrosome positioning can be considered an evolutionarily conserved readout and common downstream effect of PCP‐signaling from flies to mammals.
A comparison of likelihood ratio tests and Rao's score test for three separable covariance matrix structures
Authors: Filipiak Katarzyna , Klein Daniel , Roy Anuradha
Published: October 2016

The problem of testing the separability of a covariance matrix against an unstructured variance‐covariance matrix is studied in the context of multivariate repeated measures data using Rao's score test (RST). The RST statistic is developed with the first component of the separable structure as a first‐order autoregressive (AR(1)) correlation matrix or an unstructured (UN) covariance matrix under the assumption of multivariate normality. It is shown that the distribution of the RST statistic under the null hypothesis of any separability does not depend on the true values of the mean or the unstructured components of the separable structure. A significant advantage of the RST is that it can be performed for small samples, even smaller than the dimension of the data, where the likelihood ratio test (LRT) cannot be used, and it outperforms the standard LRT in a number of contexts. Monte Carlo simulations are then used to study the comparative behavior of the null distribution of the RST statistic, as well as that of the LRT statistic, in terms of sample size considerations, and for the estimation of the empirical percentiles. Our findings are compared with existing results where the first component of the separable structure is a compound symmetry (CS) correlation matrix. It is also shown by simulations that the empirical null distribution of the RST statistic converges faster than the empirical null distribution of the LRT statistic to the limiting χ2 distribution. The tests are implemented on a real dataset from medical studies.
Attenuative role of mangiferin in oxidative stress‐mediated liver dysfunction in arsenic‐intoxicated murines
Authors: Saha Sukanya , Rashid Kahkashan , Sadhukhan Pritam , Agarwal Namrata , Sil Parames C.
Published: October 2016

Mangiferin (MAG), a natural xanthone mainly derived from mangoes, possesses great antioxidative potentials. The present study has been carried out to investigate the hepato‐protective role of MAG, against arsenic (As)‐induced oxidative damages in the murine liver. As, a well‐known toxic metalloid, is ubiquitously found in nature and has been reported to affect nearly all the organs of the human body via oxidative impairment. Administration of As in the form of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 3 months abruptly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, led to oxidative stress and significantly depleted the first line of antioxidant defense system in the body. Moreover, As caused apoptosis in hepatocytes. Treatment with MAG at a dose of 40 mg/kg for body weight for 30 days simultaneously and separately after NaAsO2 administration decreased the ROS production and attenuated the alterations in the activities of all antioxidant indices. MAG also protected liver against the NaAsO2‐induced apoptosis and disintegrated hepatocytes, thus counteracting with As‐induced toxicity. It could significantly inhibit the expression of different proapoptotic caspases and upregulate the expression of survival molecules such as Akt and Nrf2. On inhibiting Akt (by PI3K inhibitor, LY294002) and ERK1/2 (by ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059) specifically, caspase 3 got activated abolishing mangiferin's protective role on As‐induced hepatotoxicity. So here, we have briefly elucidated the signaling cascades involved in As‐induced apoptotic cell death in the liver and also the detailed cellular mechanism by which MAG provides protection to this organ. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):515–532, 2016
Bio‐ and chemical syntheses of mangiferin and congeners
Authors: Ehianeta Teddy Stephen , Laval Stéphane , Yu Biao
Published: October 2016

Mangiferin (2C‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyxanthone) is a xanthone C‐glycoside occurring in many plant species. Composed of a glucose unit C1→2 linked to a 1,3,6,7‐tetrahydroxyxanthone aglycone, mangiferin exhibits a wide range of biological activities, which recently renewed its interest as a potential pharmacophore. Mangiferin is mainly isolated after extraction procedures from natural sources alongside with its isoforms isomangiferin, homomangiferin, and neomangiferin. However, enzymatic and chemical approaches have been developed to access these phytochemicals, which address the challenging construction of the C‐glycosidic linkage. In addition, both approaches have been exploited to modify the aglycone and the sugar moiety in order to afford analogues with specific and improved pharmacological activities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of mangiferin and its congeners. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(5):445–458, 2016
Engineered heparins as new anticoagulant drugs
Authors: Vaidyanathan Deepika , Williams Asher , Dordick Jonathan S. , Koffas Mattheos A.G. , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: October 2016

Heparin is an anionic polysaccharide that is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant. This glycosaminoglycan is prepared from animal tissues in metric ton quantities. Animal‐sourced heparin is also widely used in the preparation of low molecular weight heparins that are gaining in popularity as a result of their improved pharmacological properties. The recent contamination of pharmaceutical heparin together with concerns about increasing demand for this life saving drug and the fragility of the heparin supply chain has led the scientific community to consider other potential sources for heparin. This review examines progress toward the preparation of engineered heparins through chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and metabolic engineering.
Progress in the clinical detection of heterogeneity in breast cancer
Authors: Song Jun‐Long , Chen Chuang , Yuan Jing‐Ping , Sun Sheng‐Rong
Published: October 2016

Breast cancer is currently the most common form of cancer and the second‐leading cause of death from cancer in women. Though considerable progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, the heterogeneity of tumors (both inter‐ and intratumor) remains a considerable diagnostic and prognostic challenge. From clinical observation to genetic mutations, the history of understanding the heterogeneity of breast cancer is lengthy and detailed. Effectively detecting heterogeneity in breast cancer is important during treatment. Various methods of depicting this heterogeneity are now available and include genetic, pathologic, and imaging analysis. These methods allow characterization of the heterogeneity of breast cancer on a genetic level, providing greater insight during the process of establishing an effective therapeutic plan. This study reviews how the understanding of tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer evolved, and further summarizes recent advances in the detection and monitoring of this heterogeneity in patients with breast cancer.
Complication of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation – the significance of an inferior vena cava anomaly
Authors: Yeung Ng Pauline , Wong Chiu Cheuk Alfred , Young Karl , Kwong Yin‐Yee , Sin Wai‐Ching
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical Message

Physicians should be aware of possible anatomical variants during cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Particular attention to ensure continual visualization of the guidewire before proceeding to final positioning of the ECMO cannulae should be paid. Alternative imaging modalities should be contemplated when uncertainties arise to minimize the risk of inadvertent vascular injuries.
All‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in non‐promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML): results of combination of ATRA with low‐dose Ara‐C in three elderly patients with NPM1‐mutated AML unfit for intensive chemotherapy and review of the literature
Authors: Forghieri Fabio , Bigliardi Sara , Quadrelli Chiara , Morselli Monica , Potenza Leonardo , Paolini Ambra , Colaci Elisabetta , Barozzi Patrizia , Zucchini Patrizia , Riva Giovanni , Vallerini Daniela , Lagreca Ivana , Marasca Roberto , Narni Franco , Venditti Adriano , Martelli Maria Paola , Falini Brunangelo , Lo Coco Francesco , Amadori Sergio , Luppi Mario
Published: October 2016

Key Clinical Message

Based upon the clinical behavior of three patients, we suggest that the combination of low‐dose Ara‐C and all‐trans retinoic acid may potentially be effective in some elderly patients, unfit for intensive chemotherapy, affected with NPM1‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia without FLT3 mutations, warranting perspective clinical studies in these selected patients.
Stepwise Assembly of MII7 Clusters Revealed by Mass Spectrometry, EXAFS, and Crystallography
Authors: Na Hong‐Xu , Yang Pei‐Yu , Yin Zheng , Wang Yun‐Hong , Chang Li‐Xian , Si Rui , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zeng Ming‐Hua
Published: October 2016

The square‐planar monomer NiL2 (Ni1), L=2‐ethoxy‐6‐(N‐methyl‐iminomethyl)phenolate, reacts with M(H2O)6(ClO4)2, M=Ni or Co, to form heptanuclear disks [CoxNi7−x(OH)6(L)6](ClO4)2⋅2 CH3CN (CoxNi7−x, x=0–7) and the co‐crystal [CoxNi7−x(OH)6L6][NiL2](ClO4)2⋅2 CH3CN (CoxNi7−x‐Ni1) under ambient conditions. It has proved possible to explore the bottom‐up assembly process of CoxNi7−x and CoxNi7−x‐Ni1 in real time. The final products have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, IR, elemental analysis, ICP‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Time‐dependent mass spectrometry (MS) revealed the following reaction steps: Ni1→[M2L3]+→[M4(OH)2L4]2+→[M7(OH)6L6]2+. In contrast, the reaction of Ni1 with Zn2+ only reaches halfway, and crystallographic evidence indicates a butterfly structure for [Zn2Ni2(OH)2Cl2] (Zn2Ni2), an intermediate that is difficult to isolate in the above Ni‐Co series. A summation method has been used to analyze the MS of bimetallic clusters with very similar atomic masses, as is the case for Co and Ni. The results provide ample information on the distribution of Co and Ni within each cluster and their statistical distribution within selected crystals.
Isothiourea‐Catalysed Acylative Kinetic Resolution of Aryl–Alkenyl (sp2 vs. sp2) Substituted Secondary Alcohols
Authors: Musolino Stefania F. , Ojo O. Stephen , Westwood Nicholas J. , Taylor James E. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: October 2016

The non‐enzymatic acylative kinetic resolution of challenging aryl–alkenyl (sp2 vs. sp2) substituted secondary alcohols is described, with effective enantiodiscrimination achieved using the isothiourea organocatalyst HyperBTM (1 mol %) and isobutyric anhydride. The kinetic resolution of a wide range of aryl–alkenyl substituted alcohols has been evaluated, with either electron‐rich or naphthyl aryl substituents in combination with an unsubstituted vinyl substituent providing the highest selectivity (S=2–1980). The use of this protocol for the gram‐scale (2.5 g) kinetic resolution of a model aryl–vinyl (sp2 vs. sp2) substituted secondary alcohol is demonstrated, giving access to >1 g of each of the product enantiomers both in 99:1 e.r.
Catalytic Thiourea Promoted Electrophilic Thiocyanation of Indoles and Aromatic Amines with NCS/NH4SCN
Authors: Wang Cancan , Wang Zhonghao , Wang Liang , Chen Qun , He Mingyang
Published: October 2016

A simple and efficient protocol for the electrophilic thiocyanation of indoles and aromatic amines with thiourea/NCS/NH4SCN system has been developed. The major features of the present procedure are the mild conditions, good yields, short reaction times, and the use of inexpensive and readily available organocatalyst. Moreover, N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was found to be indispensable, and thiourea could greatly promote the reaction.
Theoretical Prediction on Photovoltaic Properties of 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM System via Density Functional Theory Calculations
Authors: Zhao Caibin , Zhang Qiang , Zhou Ke , Ge Hongguang , Wang Wenliang , Yin Shiwei
Published: October 2016

Designing and synthesizing high‐performable electron donor materials are very important for fabricating organic solar cell devices with high power conversion efficiency (PCE). In this work, quantum chemical and molecular dynamics calculations coupled with the Marcus‐Hush charge transfer model were used to investigate the photovoltaic properties of 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM. Results reveal that 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM system theoretically possesses a large open‐circuit voltage (1.29 V), high fill factor (0.90), and over 9% PCE. Moreover, calculations also reveal that the 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM system has a middle‐sized exciton binding energy (0.492 eV), but relatively small charge‐dissociation and charge‐recombination reorganization energies (0.345 eV and 0.355 eV). Based on the 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM complex, the charge‐dissociation rate constant, kdis, is estimated to be as large as 6.575×1012 s−1, while the charge‐recombination one, krec, is very small (<1.0 s−1) under the same condition due to the very small driving force (ΔGrec=−1.900 eV). In addition, by means of an amorphous cell containing one hundred 4Cl‐BPPQ molecules, the hole carrier mobility of 4Cl‐BPPQ solid is estimated as high as 3.191×10−3 cm2·V−1·s−1. In brief, our calculation shows that 4Cl‐BPPQ/PC61BM system is a very promising organic solar cell system, and is worth of making further device research by experiments.
First Total Synthesis and Biological Potential of a Heptacyclopeptide of Plant Origin
Authors: Dahiya Rajiv , Singh Sunil
Published: October 2016

Synthesis of a natural glycine‐rich heptacyclopeptide ‐ mahafacyclin A (7) was accomplished by solution‐phase technique of peptide synthesis via coupling of tetrapeptide unit Boc‐L‐Thr‐L‐Ile‐L‐Leu‐Gly‐OH with tripeptide unit L‐Val‐L‐Phe‐Gly‐OMe followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide fragment. Structure of the newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide was confirmed by means of chemical, spectroscopic analyses and subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity studies. Bioactivity results showed potent antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the synthesized peptide against dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes, M. audouinii and earthworm species M. konkanensis, P. corethruses and E. eugeniea.
Controllable Effect of Structural Modification of Sulfonylurea Herbicides on Soil Degradation
Authors: Hua Xuewen , Zhou Shaa , Chen Minggui , Wei Wei , Liu Ming , Lei Kang , Zhou Sha , Li Yonghong , Wang Baolei , Li Zhengming
Published: October 2016

The study of soil degradation behaviors of sulfonylurea herbicides in relation to their different structural attributes is utmost important for us to comprehend the development of new eco‐friendly herbicides. It is postulated that the structural modification of the chemical structures could influence their degradation rates in soil. Nine devised structures were synthesized to study their herbicidal activity as well as their soil degradation behaviors respectively. The novel compounds I‐3–I‐7 were characterized by UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, MS and EA. Bioassays indicated that most of target compounds displayed superior herbicidal activities in comparison with Chlorsulfuron. Soil degradation results further confirmed our previous assumption that the introduction of electron‐donating substituents at 5th position of the benzene ring distinctly increased their degradation rates, among which dimethylamino and diethylamino groups can adjust the degradation rate to a more favorable status.
Modeling of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Its Hysteresis Behavior in Rivers Using Wavelet Transform‐Based Hybrid Models
Authors: Khani Salar , Rajaee Taher
Published: October 2016

Concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) is an indicator to evaluate environmental health in many riverine systems. In this study, two hybrid models, the wavelet‐based regression model (WR) and the wavelet‐based artificial neural network model (WANN), are proposed for short‐interval (1 day ahead) and long‐interval (31 days ahead) prediction of DO concentration in Clackamas River near Oregon City, OR, USA. It was found that both in the short‐ and long‐prediction intervals, the hybrid models performed better than the multiple linear regression and artificial neural network models. Also, the performance of the models to predict seasonal DO variations, low (DO < 10 mg/L) and high (DO > 14 mg/L) DO ranges and simulating its hysteresis was evaluated. For the short‐interval modeling, results of the WR model were better than those of the other three models. For the long‐interval modeling during spring and summer, the WANN model presented better predictions of DO. And during autumn and winter, the WR model presented higher accuracy than the others. In addition, these hybrid models were able to simulate DO daily hysteresis behavior. The most accurate WR model predicted DO with the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.097 mg/L and the maximum Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (E) of 0.996 for the short interval. For the long interval, the best performing model was the WANN model with RMSE and E‐statistics of 0.744 mg/L and 0.766, respectively.
Trace Metals in Phosphate Fertilizers Used in Eastern Mediterranean Countries
Authors: Azzi Valérie , Kazpard Véronique , Lartiges Bruno , Kobeissi Ahmad , Kanso Ali , El Samrani Antoine G.
Published: October 2016

Phosphate fertilizers represent a major source of trace metal contaminants in agricultural soils. To predict the inputs and the fate of trace metals in soils of the eastern Mediterranean region, a speciation study was conducted using a total of 44 phosphate fertilizers commercialized in the area. The contents in major anions and potentially toxic metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The nature of mineral phases in the fertilizer was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The results show that sulfates are the main Cd‐bearing phases when present in the P‐fertilizer. The contents in Zn and Pb were linearly related, whereas the levels of Sb, Ag, Pd, Nb, Mo, and P2O5 were strongly correlated to each other. The annual average inputs of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd were calculated to be 922, 124, 26, and 6 g/ha per year, respectively. Even though such inputs comply with the maximal metals concentrations authorized in temperate countries, an accumulation of those metals in the typical arid and alkaline soils of the eastern Mediterranean countries is expected.
Electrochemical Investigations on the Inactivation of the [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans by O2 or Light under Hydrogen‐Producing Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Maciá Patricia , Birrell James A. , Lubitz Wolfgang , Rüdiger Olaf
Published: October 2016

The applicability of the extremely active [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in H2‐producing devices is studied. Despite being the most active enzyme for H2 catalysis, its high sensitivity towards O2 has prevented its use in electrolytic water splitting cells. Using electrochemical methods, the catalytic activity of the enzyme at H2‐producing potentials and its inactivation upon exposure to limited amounts of O2 or under illumination is analysed. This enzyme is shown to maintain H2 production activity for extended periods of time at low potentials. At such potentials, the enzyme can deliver the required electrons to fully reduce O2 to H2O, minimising the damage of the enzyme. Additionally, the robustness of this enzyme under illumination at negative applied potentials is demonstrated. These results show that the [FeFe] hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans is an excellent candidate to be used in devices to store solar energy in hydrogen.
A Bimetallic Aluminium(Salphen) Complex for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wu Xiao , North Michael
Published: October 2016

A bimetallic aluminium(salphen) complex is reported as a sustainable, efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. In the presence of this complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide, terminal and internal epoxides reacted at 50 °C and 10 bar carbon dioxide pressure to afford their corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields of 50–94 % and 30–71 % for terminal and internal cyclic carbonates, respectively. Mechanistic studies using deuterated epoxides and an analogous monometallic aluminium(salphen) chloride complex support a mechanism for catalysis by the bimetallic complex, which involves intramolecular cooperative catalysis between the two aluminium centres.
Urine cytology of nonurothelial malignancies—a 10‐year experience in a large multihospital healthcare system
Authors: Savant Deepika , Bajaj Jaya , Gimenez Cecilia , Rafael Oana C. , Mirzamani Neda , Chau Karen , Klein Melissa , Das Kasturi
Published: October 2016

Background

Urine cytology is the most frequently utilized test to detect urothelial cancer. Secondary bladder neoplasms need to be recognized as this impacts patient management. We report our experience on nonurothelial malignancies (NUM) detected in urine cytology over a 10‐year period.

Methods

A 10‐year retrospective search for patients with biopsy‐proven NUM to the urothelial tract yielded 25 urine samples from 14 patients. Two cytopathologists blinded to the original cytology diagnosis reviewed the cytology and histology slides. The incidence, cytomorphologic features, diagnostic accuracy, factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy, and clinical impact of the cytology result were studied.

Results

The incidence of NUM was <1%. The male:female ratio was 1.3. An abnormality was detected in 60% of the cases; however, in only 4% of the cases, a primary site was identified accurately. Of the false negatives, 96% was deemed as sampling errors and 4% was interpretational. Patient management was not impacted in any of the false‐negative cases due to concurrent or past tissue diagnosis.

Conclusion

Colon cancer was the most frequent secondary tumor. Sampling error attributed to the false‐negative results. Necrosis and dirty background was often associated with metastatic lesions from colon. Obtaining history of a primary tumor elsewhere was a key factor in diagnosis of a metastatic lesion. Hematopoietic malignancies remain to be a diagnostic challenge. Cytospin preparations were superior for evaluating nuclear detail and background material as opposed to monolayer (Thinprep) technology. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by obtaining immunohistochemistry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:22–28. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Help students with disabilities prepare for the transition to the workplace
Authors: LoGiudice Joseph A.
Published: October 2016

We higher education administrators and practitioners in the world of postsecondary disability services experience the ever‐evolving transformation of accommodations and services for college students with disabilities. Just a few years ago, providing “flexibility with assignment deadlines case‐by‐case” was considered an infringement on essential academic standards. We all know that these changes in terms of what is deemed an accommodation and/or service have benefited our students in giving them access; however, there is a dearth of information on the transition from the postsecondary level to reasonable accommodations in the workplace.
Be proactive about helping students with mental health issues
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: October 2016

COLUMBUS, Ohio — The first year of college can be stressful for students. For those who have mental health issues, the stress can cause a crisis. Amy Poag, school counselor at Memphis University School, explained challenges these students face during the admission process and first year of college at a session at the National Association for College Admission Counseling national conference. Keep this information in mind so that you can guide students to help if problems surface.
Open conversations with students about mental health realities
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2016

Preparing students for the reality of life away from home during college and the potential impact on a student's mental health is a daunting task for any parent or counselor. The National Alliance on Mental Illness and the Jed Foundation have released new guidelines designed to help parents and counselors discuss topics pertaining to mental health, particularly depression, anxiety, and stress, with students. The guidelines, titled Starting the Conversation: College and Your Mental Health, include information on warning signs, prevalence of mental health conditions, mental health care and resources available on campus, and health and privacy laws.
Dry riverbeds: corridors for terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Sánchez‐Montoya María M. , Moleón Marcos , Sánchez‐Zapata Jose A. , Tockner Klement
Published: October 2016

Riparian areas along rivers are essential movement corridors for terrestrial animals. However, the potential role of the dry bed of intermittent rivers as a movement corridor has been largely ignored. In this study, we investigated the use of the dry riverbed, compared with riparian, upland, and unpaved road habitats, by terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, and birds) along two intermittent streams in Spain. Seventy‐two marble dust stations were established to record the identity, number, and direction of vertebrate tracks in spring and summer. We performed generalized linear mixed models to disentangle the environmental factors affecting the frequency of occurrence (tracks per station and visit) of vertebrates. The mean frequency of occurrence was similar in both streams and included mainly small mammals, reptiles, and birds. Dry beds were widely used by vertebrates, especially along the densely vegetated Rogativa catchment. Within dry beds, directional tracks were more frequent than tracks without a recognizable direction or with changing direction; tracks that ran parallel to the riverline were particularly frequent in summer; and upward tracks predominated in one study stream in summer. Our results highlight that dry riverbeds are important movement corridors for a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates, thus enhancing natural connectivity and supporting biodiversity and ecological processes along rivers and within the entire catchment.
Variation in plant‐mediated intra‐ and interspecific interactions among insect herbivores: effects of host genotype
Authors: McNutt David W. , Underwood Nora
Published: October 2016

Many studies show that indirect interactions between insect herbivores via shared host plants are common and often mediated by plant‐induced responses to damage. However, we lack some types of data that will be needed to model how plant‐mediated interactions on individual plants contribute to the population dynamics of interacting herbivores. Specifically, there are few simultaneous characterizations of both the intra‐ and interspecific effects that are mediated by the host plant, as well as host plant constitutive resistance. Additionally, as herbivores are likely to move among plants that differ in quality, we must consider how this set of intra‐ and interspecific effects differs among plant genotypes—that is, how plant‐mediated effects genetically vary or covary. We examined how the set of intra‐ and interspecific indirect effects involving the insect folivores Leptinotarsa juncta and Manduca sexta varies across different genotypes of a shared host plant, Solanum carolinense. We damaged 12 plant genotypes using both herbivore species, then measured effects on the growth of both con‐ and heterospecifics, as well as constitutive resistance to each herbivore. We then tested for genetic variation and covariation in plant‐mediated effects and constitutive resistance among plant genotypes. We found that on average, there were significant negative intraspecific plant‐mediated effects on the growth rate of both herbivores, as well as asymmetric negative interspecific effects of M. sexta on L. juncta. Both intra‐ and interspecific effects varied across plant genotypes. For example, the interspecific effect of M. sexta on L. juncta ranged from significantly negative to significantly positive. Additionally, there were strong correlations among the individual effects mediated by S. carolinense, particularly between constitutive resistance and both intra‐ and interspecific effects. We find that these genetic correlations might limit the types and strength of interactions that take place across multiple genotypes of the same plant species. Our results suggest that future models of plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores should account for patterns of genetic variation and covariation when scaling from individual interactions to population‐level processes.
Fine‐Tuning Ligand Fields with Schiff‐Base Ligands in Dy2 Compounds
Authors: Li Min , Wu Haipeng , Zhang Sheng , Sun Lin , Ke Hongshan , Wei Qing , Xie Gang , Chen Sanping , Gao Shengli
Published: October 2016

Three dinuclear coordination compounds, [Ln2(Hhms)2(NO3)4]·MeCN [Ln = Dy (1) and Er (2)] and [Dy2(Hhms)2(NO3)2(H2O)3]·(NO3)2·MeCN·(H2O)2 (3), have been isolated bearing the asymmetric Schiff‐base ligand 1‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)semicarbazide (H2hms). The potentially tetradentate ONOO‐donor ligand shows considerable metal‐ion‐selective phenoxo bridging in 1–3. Compounds 1 and 2 display a hula‐hoop‐like coordination geometry, whereas this geometry is broken by an additional µ2‐OH2 bridge in compound 3. The structural discrepancies induced by the different bridging modes in 1 and 3 affect the magnetism. Compound 1 exhibits slow relaxation of the magnetization, which suggests single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, whereas no out‐of‐phase alternating‐current signal was observed for 3. Meanwhile, compared with a previously reported Dy2 compound, compound 1 has the same coordination sphere but exhibits different magnetic properties, which has been attributed to differences in the ligand backbone. Fine‐tuning of the ligand field is dominated by µ‐O bridges and by the extent of conjugation in the backbone of the ligand, which affects the SMM/non‐SMM behavior.
Cyclisations Catalysed by Bismuth(III) Triflate
Authors: Ondet Pierrick , Lemière Gilles , Duñach Elisabet
Published: October 2016

Cyclisation reactions have always drawn the attention of organic chemists in pursuit of methods for the selective construction of natural‐product‐like polycyclic compounds. The search for new and efficient ring‐forming reactions has witnessed growing interest, resulting in the design of many elegant synthetic strategies and the discovery of useful methodologies. In this context, cycloisomerisation reactions are very attractive, because they allow for the rapid generation of molecular complexity with use of a low loading of a promoter, thus limiting waste production. The search for sustainable and more efficient catalytic systems remains challenging. Relatively nontoxic and inexpensive bismuth(III) salts are of particular interest for catalytic organic synthesis. More specifically, the highly active triflate salt is known to be noncorrosive and easy to handle. This microreview focuses on cyclisation reactions assisted by bismuth(III) triflate catalysis.
Divergent Synthesis of Styryl–Cinnamate Hybrid Analogues Inspired by the Natural Product Salvianolic Acid F as a Premise To Investigate Their Anticancer Activity and Its Metabolomic Profiling
Authors: Shard Amit , Rawat Kiran , Sinha Arun K. , Padwad Yogendra , Kumar Dinesh
Published: October 2016

Protecting‐group‐free synthesis of hydroxylated styryl–cinnamate hybrids (C6–C2–C6–C3 unit), inspired by the natural product salvianolic acid F, was achieved by a step‐economical route involving sequential double C–C bond formation in one pot. The method involved multiple reactions (Perkin condensation/decarboxylation–Heck cross‐coupling reactions) by using simple precursors (i.e., hydroxylated benzaldehyde, arylacetic acid, and acrylic acid derivatives) in one pot and yielded the desired unnatural small hybrid molecules in varying yields of 35–65 % with E selectivity under microwave irradiation, whereas the reported conventional route for the synthesis of salvianolic acid F itself requires six steps with an overall yield of 10.0 % in addition to tedious separation of E/Z isomers that arise from a Wittig reaction. Apart from an economical synthesis and product diversity, we herein report the potential of some hybrid molecules with the catechol core to selectively inhibit glioma cells. The intrinsic mode of action of our lead molecule, involving caspase 6 and the quinonemethide pathway, is also reported on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopy guided metabolomic profiling. We emphatically demonstrate the role of our hybrid molecules, analogues of salvianolic acid F, in forcing glioma cells towards apoptosis by specifically perturbing the concentration of glutathione along with that of caspase 6.
Threat and fear of pain induces attentional bias to pain words: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Sharpe L. , Brookes M. , Jones E. , Gittins C. , Wufong E. , Nicholas M.K.
Published: October 2016

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fear of pain (FOP) and threat on attentional biases, using eye‐tracking methods.

Method

One hundred and seven undergraduate students were randomized to receive threatening or reassuring information about the cold pressor task; and divided into high and low FOP groups. Participants completed the dot‐probe task, while their eye movements were tracked.

Results

Results showed that those who received threatening information were less likely to have their first fixation on pain words, particularly affective pain words. Furthermore, under conditions of high threat, the high FOP group who did fixate on affective pain words, fixated more quickly than for sensory pain words, whereas the opposite was the case under low threat. In regression analyses, initial vigilance towards affective pain words was a significant predictor of reporting pain more quickly on the cold pressor.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggest that initial vigilance of affective pain stimuli predicts actual hypervigilance to an acute experimental pain task. However, under conditions of high threat, participants show evidence of avoidance of affective pain words, even though when they do fixate on these stimuli, the high FOP group does so more quickly. These results confirm that attentional processes, characterized by vigilance avoidance, appear important.

Significance

Interventions that change attention towards pain to reduce vigilance and subsequent avoidance may be indicated to improve pain outcomes.
A potential bioactive hard‐stock fat replacer comprised of a molecular gel
Authors: Rogers Michael A. , Spagnuolo Paul A. , Wang Tzu‐Min , Angka Leonard
Published: October 2016

Short‐chain ceramides, such as N‐acetoyl‐d‐erythro‐sphingosine (C2), have a remarkable ability to structure edible oils, such as canola oil, into self‐standing organogels without any added saturated or trans fats. These short‐chain ceramides are ubiquitously found in foods ranging from eggs to soybeans. As the ceramide fatty acid chain length increases, there is an increase in the melting temperature of the organogel and a decrease in the elastic modulus. Gelation ability is lost at 2 wt% when the fatty acid chain length increases to six carbons; however, organogels form at 5 wt% up to 18 carbons. Short‐chain ceramides, C2, decrease cell viability of colon, prostate, ovarian, and leukemia cell lines, while ceramides with long‐chain fatty acids, C18, do not affect the viability of these cancer cell lines. This suggests that a bioactive spreadable fat, with no trans or added saturated fat, with the potential to alter the viability of cancer cell growth, is possible.