bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying historical and future global change drivers that place species recovery at risk
Authors: Geary William L. , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Ritchie Euan G. , Doherty Tim S. , Nimmo Dale G. , Maxwell Marika A. , Wayne Adrian F.
Published: March 2023

Ecosystem management in the face of global change requires understanding how co‐occurring threats affect species and communities. Such an understanding allows for effective management strategies to be identified and implemented. An important component of this is differentiating between factors that are within (e.g. invasive predators) or outside (e.g. drought, large wildfires) of a local manager's control. In the global biodiversity hotspot of south‐western Australia, small‐ and medium‐sized mammal species are severely affected by anthropogenic threats and environmental disturbances, including invasive predators, fire, and declining rainfall. However, the relative importance of different drivers has not been quantified. We used data from a long‐term monitoring program to fit Bayesian state‐space models that estimated spatial and temporal changes in the relative abundance of four threatened mammal species: the woylie (Bettongia penicillata), chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii), koomal (Trichosurus vulpecula) and quenda (Isoodon fusciventor). We then use Bayesian structural equation modelling to identify the direct and indirect drivers of population changes, and scenario analysis to forecast population responses to future environmental change. We found that habitat loss or conversion and reduced primary productivity (caused by rainfall declines) had greater effects on species' spatial and temporal population change than the range of fire and invasive predator (the red fox Vulpes vulpes) management actions observed in the study area. Scenario analysis revealed that a greater extent of severe fire and further rainfall declines predicted under climate change, operating in concert are likely to further reduce the abundance of these species, but may be mitigated partially by invasive predator control. Considering both historical and future drivers of population change is necessary to identify the factors that risk species recovery. Given that both anthropogenic pressures and environmental disturbances can undermine conservation efforts, managers must consider how the relative benefit of conservation actions will be shaped by ongoing global change.
Error‐based simulation as a thought experimental method for changing “motion implies a force” misconception: An evaluation
Authors: Horiguchi Tomoya , Hirashima Tsukasa , Hayashi Yusuke
Published: March 2023

Background

In learning mechanics, students often believe that “force is exerted on moving objects.” As this misconception called “motion implies a force” (MIF) is difficult to correct, various teaching methods have been proposed, such as showing refutational/explanatory text (Palmer & Flanagan, 1997; Takagaki, 2004), promoting students' conceptual development (Dekkers & Thijs, 1998) and epistemology‐focused instruction (Elby, 2001).

Objectives

The purpose of this research is to empirically examine the effectiveness of an alternative method we have proposed for helping students overcome MIF misconceptions. The method is called the “Error‐based simulation (EBS)” that creates a counterexample to students' misconceptions by simulating erroneous phenomena based on students' incorrect ideas.

Methods

We conducted a two‐year experimental implementation of EBS in mechanics classes at a technical college, and investigated the results. Students worked on the pre‐test, the exercise with EBS, the post‐test, and the delayed post‐test.

Results and Conclusions

In both years, MIF‐answers (wrong answers due to MIF) in the learning task (problems learned with EBS) significantly decreased from the pre‐test to the post‐test and the delayed post‐test. The decrease in other erroneous answers was not significant. EBS was effective mainly in correcting MIF‐answers, and the effect was maintained over the long term. In the transfer task (new problems), the ratio of MIF‐answers to all erroneous answers in both the post‐test and delayed post‐test was much lower than that on the learning task in the pre‐test. These results suggest that learning with EBS not only corrected MIF‐answers but also promoted the correction of MIF misconceptions. A comparison between our results and those of other methods for correcting MIF misconceptions revealed that the effect of EBS was equal to or greater than that of other methods mentioned above.
Association of low diastolic blood pressure with all‐cause death among US adults with normal systolic blood pressure
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yu Chuanchuan , Cao Xiaodi , He Youming , Ju Weizhu
Published: March 2023

Although the effect of intensive systolic blood pressure lowering is widely recognized, treatment‐related low diastolic blood pressure still worrisome. This was a prospective cohort study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adults (≥20 years old) with guideline‐recommended blood pressure were included and pregnant women were excluded. Survey‐weighted logistic regression and cox models were used for analysis. A total of 25 858 participants were included in this study. After weighted, the overall mean age of the participants was 43.17 (16.03) years, including 53.7% women and 68.1% non‐Hispanic white. Numerous factors were associated with low DBP (<60 mmHg), including advanced age, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and diabetes. The use of antihypertensive drugs was also associated with lower DBP (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26–1.83). DBP of less than 60 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12–1.51) and cardiovascular death (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00–1.79) compared to those with DBP between 70 and 80 mmHg. After regrouping, DBP <60 mmHg (no antihypertensive drugs) was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.21–1.75). DBP <60 mmHg after taking antihypertensive drugs was not associated with a higher risk of all‐cause death (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.73–1.36). Antihypertensive drug is an important factor contributing to DBP below 60 mmHg. But the pre‐existing risk does not increase further with an additional reduction of DBP after antihypertensive drugs treatment.
Disaster Preparedness in K‐12 Schools: An Integrative Review
Authors: Horton Deborah , Spigelmyer Pamela , Zoucha Rick , Rebmann Terri
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

The threat of a disaster or potential for a disaster is something that may be experienced by individuals globally. Schools are places of daily mass gatherings which make them an ideal target for mass casualty, natural disasters, and biological incidents.

METHODS

An integrative review using Whittemore and Knafl's model was conducted to explore peer‐reviewed publications about K‐12 schools and natural disasters and pandemic preparedness and planning.

RESULTS

Themes identified from the systematic review of 12 articles reflected determinants and level of school preparedness, disaster plan components, compliance with government requirements, emergency equipment, supplies, drills, and training, collaboration with outside agencies, and perceptions of school preparedness. Preparedness for disasters and biological events among schools varies and multiple factors contribute to the level of preparedness. Perceptions of school preparedness differ among school community members. Schools perceive more preparedness for disasters than their actual level.

CONCLUSIONS

Our nation's schools are not adequately prepared for disasters. There is a need for further research in schools to identify and understand preparedness for disasters.
Determinants of awake oropharyngeal volume reduction between sitting and supine positions in children evaluated for snoring
Authors: Bokov Plamen , Dudoignon Benjamin , Delclaux Christophe
Published: March 2023

Pharyngeal collapsibility is a major determinant of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology, but its anatomical predictors in children are largely unknown. We hypothesised that anatomical (tonsillar hypertrophy, narrow palate, nasal obstruction, dental/skeletal malocclusion, obesity) and OSA‐related (apnea‐hypopnea index, AHI) parameters could be related to a measure of awake pharyngeal collapsibility. We performed acoustic pharyngometry in children evaluated for suspected OSA, allowing us to measure the reduction of oropharyngeal volume in supine versus sitting position normalised for the volume in supine position (ΔV%), a measure of pharyngeal collapsibility. In addition to polysomnography and a clinical examination (anatomical parameters), acoustic rhinometry was used to assess nasal obstruction. A total of 188 snoring children were included, 118 (63%) of whom were obese and 74 (39%) of whom had moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥5/h). The median (25th–75th percentiles) ΔV% in the whole population was 20.1% (4.7; 43.3). ΔV% was independently and positively associated with AHI (p = 0.023), z‐score of BMI (p = 0.001), tonsillar hypertrophy (p = 0.007), narrow palate (p = 0.035), and African (p < 0.001) ancestry. By contrast, ΔV% was not modified by dental or skeletal malocclusion, Friedman palate position class or nasopharyngeal obstruction. Tonsillar hypertrophy, obesity, narrow palate and African ancestry are independently associated with an increase in pharyngeal collapsibility in snoring children, thus increasing the risk of OSA. Increased pharyngeal compliance in African children may explain the increased risk of residual OSA after adenotonsillectomy observed in this population.
Worsening vision at age 4–5 in England post‐COVID: Evidence from a large database of vision screening data
Authors: Shah Rakhee , Edgar David F. , Evans Bruce J. W.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Myopia prevalence has increased in the UK at age 10‐16y, but little is known about younger children. We hypothesise that if the ‘myopia epidemic’ is affecting young children, then there will be increasing rates of bilateral reduced unaided vision (V) at vision screenings of children 4–5 years of age.

Methods

Retrospective anonymised data from computerised vision screening at age 4–5 years were analysed from serial cross‐sectional data. Refractive error is not assessed in UK vision screening, so vision was investigated. Data were only included from schools that screened every year from 2015/16 to 2021/22. The criterion used was unaided monocular logMAR (automated letter‐by‐letter scoring) vision >0.20 in both the right and left eyes, so as to maximise the chances of detecting bilateral, moderate myopia rather than amblyopia.

Results

Anonymised raw data were obtained for 359,634 screening episodes from 2075 schools. Once schools were excluded where data were not available for every year and data were cleaned, the final database comprised 110,076 episodes. The proportion (percentage and 95% CI) failing the criterion from 2015/16 to 2021/22 were 7.6 (7.2–8.0), 8.5 (8.1–8.9), 7.5 (7.1–7.9), 7.8 (7.4–8.2), 8.7 (8.1–9.2), 8.5 (7.9–9.0) and 9.3 (8.8–9.7), respectively. The slope of the regression line showed a trend for increasing rates of reduced bilateral unaided vision, consistent with increasing frequency of myopia (p = 0.06). A decreasing linear trendline was noted for children ‘Under Professional Care’.

Conclusions

For children 4–5 years of age, there were signs of reduced vision over the last 7 years in England. Consideration of the most likely causes support the hypothesis of increasing myopia. The increase in screening failures highlights the importance of eye care in this young population.
Outdoor clinical testing with reference sunscreens to determine differences in skin response between populations of different ethnicity: A combined data analysis from 128 subjects
Authors: Granger Corinne , Passeron Thierry , Trullas Carles , Hosenally Muzzammil , Sokeechand Bibi Nusayha , Krutmann Jean , Lim Henry W.
Published: March 2023

Background

Two previously published clinical studies by our group assessed erythema and pigmentation responses in outdoor conditions with three reference sunscreens, comparing their effectiveness under the full spectrum of natural sunlight. These studies followed an almost identical protocol but were conducted in two different locations and in two ethnic groups: broadly, Chinese (Singapore) and White European (Mauritius). We analysed the data from these two study populations to compare differences in skin response according to ethnicity.

Methods

The analysis included 128 subjects (53 were Chinese from Singapore and 75 were White European from Mauritius and Singapore). Products used were the reference sunscreens P3 (sun protection factor [SPF] 15), P5 (SPF 30) and P8 (SPF 50+) from ISO norm 24444:2019. Participants were exposed to outdoor sunlight for 2–3 h, depending on baseline ITA. Endpoints were erythema at 24 h: clinical score and colorimetry (Δa*) and pigmentation at 1 week based on colorimetry (ΔL* and ΔITA).

Results

Among those with baseline ITA > 41, there were differences in erythemal response between the Chinese and White European groups, the White European group being more erythematous and also having a higher rate of photoprotection failure particularly at SPFs 15 and 30.

Conclusion

Differences in skin response to sun influenced by ethnicity should be taken into account when making recommendations on sun safety.
Association between toxic metals, vitamin D and preterm birth in theMaternal–Infantresearch on environmental chemicals study
Authors: Fisher Mandy , Marro Leonora , Arbuckle Tye E. , Potter Beth K. , Little Julian , Weiler Hope , Morisset Anne‐Sophie , Lanphear Bruce , Oulhote Youssef , Braun Joseph M. , Kumarathasan Premkumari , Walker Mark , Borghese Michael M. , Ashley‐Martin Jillian , Shutt Robin , Fraser William D.
Published: March 2023

Background

Toxic metals, like lead, are risk factors for preterm birth (PTB), but few studies have examined low levels found in most Canadians. Vitamin D, which may have antioxidant activity, protects against PTB.

Objectives

In this study, we investigated the impact of toxic metals (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) on PTB and examined if maternal plasma vitamin D concentrations modify these associations.

Methods

We investigated whether concentrations of metals in whole blood measured in early and late pregnancy were associated with PTB (<37 weeks) and spontaneous PTB in 1851 live births from the Maternal–Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study using discrete time survival analysis. We also investigated whether the risk of PTB was modified by first‐trimester plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations.

Results

Of 1851 live births, 6.1% (n = 113) were PTBs and 4.9% (n = 89) were spontaneous PTB. A 1 μg/dL increase in blood lead concentrations during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of PTB (relative risk [RR] 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 2.20) and spontaneous PTB (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.13, 2.60). The risk was higher in women with insufficient vitamin D concentrations (25OHD <50 nmol/L) for both PTB (RR 2.42, 95% CI 1.01, 5.79) and spontaneous PTB (RR 3.04, 95% CI 1.15, 8.04). However, an interaction on the additive scale was not present. Arsenic was associated with a higher risk of PTB (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02, 1.19) and spontaneous PTB (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03, 1.20) per 1 μg/L.

Conclusions

Gestational exposure to low levels of lead and arsenic may increase the risk of PTB and spontaneous PTB; individuals with insufficient vitamin D may be more susceptible to the adverse effects of lead. Given our relatively small number of cases, we encourage testing of this hypothesis in other cohorts, especially those with vitamin D‐deficient populations.
Clinical and dermatoscopic features of temporal triangular alopecia in infants
Authors: Guan Zhiwei , Shi Weijie , Ren Min , Bi Tiantian , Su Haihui
Published: March 2023

Objective

To summarize the clinical and dermatoscopic features of temporal triangular alopecia in infants and explore the clinical significance of dermatoscopy in the diagnosis of triangular alopecia temporalis in infants.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with temporal triangular alopecia diagnosed in the dermatology clinic of Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Dermatoscopy was performed on all children, and images were collected.

Results

The clinical features of 20 children were 15 males and five females, all of which were born immediately after birth; There were eight cases (40%) in the left temporal region, 10 cases (50%) in the right temporal region, one case (5%) in the head region, and one case (5%) in the occipital region; 19 cases were single (95%), one case was multiple (5%); There were 21 skin lesions, 15 triangular lesions (71.4%), four quasi‐circular lesions (19%), and two lance‐shaped lesions (9.5%). Trichoscopic features: The hair follicle opening in all skin lesions is normal, and the hair follicle opening can be seen with fluffy hair (vellus hair). The vellus hair is evenly distributed, and the length is diverse (both short and long vellus hair exist in the same hair loss area). There are 14 cases of white vellus hair (70%), five cases of white spots (25%), one case of honeycomb pigment pattern (5%), and one case of vascular dilation pattern (5%).

Conclusion

Temporal triangular alopecia in infants has typical clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics, and the dermatoscopy can provide clinical basis for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
Smallness and democracy in Pacific island countries from an institutional perspective
Authors: Makita Jun
Published: March 2023

Objective

Although a relation between smallness and democracy has often been examined, it cannot be said that an academic conclusion has been established. Focusing on Pacific island countries, this article has examined how democracy of microstates works and clarified a smallness‐democracy relation in the political process.

Methods

This article focuses on the political institutions.such as the executive system, the legislature's system, the election system, and the political party system—, and examines how these institutions mutually influence one another.

Results

In the Pacific island countries, some important factors, including smallness and traditional human relationships, play a vital role in the political process, which makes their politics democratic and stable.

Conclusions

“Micro‐Cooperative Democracy” is presented as a new type of democracy that corresponds to neither the Majoritarian nor Consensus models.
Use of live viral vaccines after HCT: Still a lot to learn
Authors: Sabaini Paula Moreira da Silva , Machado Clarisse M.
Published: March 2023

Revaccination program after HCT is necessary due to the loss of lifelong immunity acquired by previous vaccination or infections. The program is complex and even in a favourable scenario, it takes more than 2 years to be completed.

As the complexity of HCT increases (alternative donors, diversity of monoclonal antibodies), studies evaluating the response to vaccination in this population are welcome, especially those that evaluate live attenuated vaccines given their scarcity.

Furthermore, measles, mumps, rubella and even yellow fever, and poliomyelitis outbreaks have perplexed infectious diseases clinicians and epidemiologists globally, most of them due to the decline in vaccination coverage rates in children and adults, because of the growth of antivaccine movements around the world.

The study of Lin et al. adds important information about measles, mumps and rubella vaccination after HCT.
Shorter regimens improved treatment outcomes of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis patients in Tanzania in 2018 cohort
Authors: Mleoh Liberate , Mziray Shabani Ramadhani , Tsere Donatus , Koppelaar Inge , Mulder Christiaan , Lyakurwa Dennis
Published: March 2023

Objective

In 2018, shorter treatment regimens (STR) for people with drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB) were introduced in Tanzania and included kanamycin, high‐dose moxifloxacin, prothionamide, high‐dose isoniazid, clofazimine, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. We describe treatment outcomes of people diagnosed with DR‐TB in a cohort initiating treatment in 2018 in Tanzania.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at the National Centre of Excellence and decentralised DR‐TB treatment sites for the 2018 cohort followed from January 2018 to August 2020. We reviewed data from the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program DR‐TB database to assess clinical and demographic information. The association between different DR‐TB regimens and treatment outcome was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Treatment outcomes were described as treatment complete, cure, death, failure or lost to follow‐up. A successful treatment outcome was assigned when the patient achieved treatment completion or cure.

Results

A total of 449 people were diagnosed with DR‐TB of whom 382 had final treatment outcomes: 268 (70%) cured; 36 (9%) treatment completed; 16 (4%) lost to follow‐up; 62 (16%) died. There was no treatment failure. The treatment success rate was 79% (304 patients). The 2018 DR‐TB treatment cohort was initiated on the following regimens: 140 (46%) received STR, 90 (30%) received the standard longer regimen (SLR), 74 (24%) received a new drug regimen. Normal nutritional status at baseline [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.57, 95% CI (3.33–12.94), p < 0.001] and the STR [aOR = 2.67, 95% CI (1.38–5.18), p = 0.004] were independently associated with successful DR‐TB treatment outcome.

Conclusion

The majority of DR‐TB patients on STR in Tanzania achieved a better treatment outcome than on SLR. The acceptance and implementation of STR at decentralised sites promises greater treatment success. Assessing and improving nutritional status at baseline and introducing new shorter DR‐TB treatment regimens may strengthen favourable treatment outcomes.
Comparison between self‐organizing map and principal component analysis for water quality assessment and hydro‐geochemical characterization in dyke intruded complex geological settings
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Maiti Saumen
Published: March 2023

Hydro‐geochemical characterization is challenging in dyke intruded complex geological setting. The comparison between self‐organizing map (SOM) classification and principal component analysis (PCA) is used for better understanding of hydrogeological process surrounding Amarpur dyke in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand. Total 30 water samples were collected and tested for 12 physicochemical parameters. The K‐means clustering with SOM grouped the water quality data into cluster 1 (46.67%, low mineralization), cluster 2 (36.67%, moderate mineralization) and cluster 3 (16.67%, high mineralization). The clusters of the majority of samples identified by PCA analysis is almost same as identified by SOM with little difficulty in discriminating between cluster 2 and cluster 3. The transformation of Ca‐HCO3 to Ca‐Cl‐SO4 occurred because of exchange of Ca2+ with Na+ adsorbed in the aquifer leading excess of sulphate ions. The results of this study suggest that SOM is an effective tool for a better understanding of patterns and processes driving water quality.
Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in New York/New Jersey Harbour sediment
Authors: Al Hello Mohson , Burris David R. , Chitsaz Mahdi , Rodenburg Lisa A.
Published: March 2023

Data on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) measured in surface sediment and cores in the New York/New Jersey Harbour under the Contamination Assessment and Reduction Project (CARP) was examined via Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), which revealed six sources. Two represented the higher and lower molecular weight (MW) fractions of coal tar and/or creosote (pyrogenic) sources and explained 49% of PAH mass in the sediment samples. Two sources were related to uncombusted petroleum (petrogenic) sources, such as heavy fuel oil and crude oil, and explained 30% of PAH mass. The final two sources were related to combustion (pyrogenic) sources such as gasoline‐ and diesel‐fuelled vehicles and explained 21% of the PAH mass. Sediment cores revealed that Σ22PAH increased from the pre‐industrial period until about 1980 and then decreased because of efforts to control water pollution via mechanisms such as the Clean Water Act.
Can local vibration alter the contribution of persistent inward currents to human motoneuron firing?
Authors: Lapole T. , Mesquita R. N. O. , Baudry S. , Souron R. , Brownstein C. G. , Rozand V.
Published: March 2023

The response of spinal motoneurons to synaptic input greatly depends on the activation of persistent inward currents (PICs), which in turn are enhanced by the neuromodulators serotonin and noradrenaline. Local vibration (LV) induces excitatory Ia input onto motoneurons and may alter neuromodulatory inputs. Therefore, we investigated whether LV influences the contribution of PICs to motoneuron firing. This was assessed in voluntary contractions with concurrent, ongoing LV, as well as after a bout of prolonged LV. High‐density surface electromyograms (HD‐EMG) of the tibialis anterior were recorded with a 64‐electrode matrix. Twenty males performed isometric, triangular, dorsiflexion contractions to 20% and 50% of maximal torque at baseline, during LV of the tibialis anterior muscle, and after 30‐min of LV. HD‐EMG signals were decomposed, and motor units tracked across time points to estimate PICs through a paired motor unit analysis, which quantifies motor unit recruitment–derecruitment hysteresis (ΔF). During ongoing LV, ΔF was lower for both 20% and 50% ramps. Although significant changes in ΔF were not observed after prolonged LV, a differential effect across the motoneuron pool was observed. This study demonstrates that PICs can be non‐pharmacologically modulated by LV. Given that LV leads to reflexive motor unit activation, it is postulated that lower PIC contribution to motoneuron firing during ongoing LV results from decreased neuromodulatory inputs associated with lower descending corticospinal drive. A differential effect in motoneurons of different recruitment thresholds after prolonged LV is provocative, challenging the interpretation of previous observations and motivating future investigations.

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Key points

Neuromodulatory inputs from the brainstem influence motoneuron intrinsic excitability through activation of persistent inward currents (PICs). PICs make motoneurons more responsive to excitatory input.

We demonstrate that vibration applied on the muscle modulates the contribution of PICs to motoneuron firing, as observed through analysis of the firing of single motor units.

The effects of PICs on motoneuron firing were lower when vibration was concurrently applied during voluntary ramp contractions, likely due to lower levels of neuromodulation. Additionally, prolonged exposure to vibration led to differential effects of lower‐ vs. higher‐threshold motor units on PICs, with lower‐threshold motor units tending to present an increased and higher‐threshold motor units a decreased contribution of PICs to motoneuron firing.

These results demonstrate that muscle vibration has the potential to influence the effects of neuromodulation on motoneuron firing. The potential of using vibration as a non‐pharmacological neuromodulatory intervention should be further investigated.
Interculturalidad e inclusión: una mirada a las prácticas docentes
Authors: Ponce-Naranjo Ivonne Eulalia
Published: March 2023

Esta investigación buscó conocer el funcionamiento de las premisas de atención a la diversidad cultural e inclusión, en la práctica docente, en una unidad educativa ubicada en un entorno multicultural, dentro de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. El estudio se desarrolló desde la perspectiva de docente guía de prácticas preprofesionales en la institución. Responde a un enfoque fenomenológico que contempló tres momentos: recogida de información del contexto, una estancia corta que incluyó observación de campo y encuentros dialógicos con maestros, padres de familia y estudiantes; y una evaluación final. De esta manera se hallaron elementos de estudio que reflejan cómo la práctica docente está enmarcada en concepciones normativas de la educación inclusiva y la interculturalidad, pero tiende a ignorar las realidades locales y puede reafirmar la marginalidad estructural.
The Value of Incorporating Inclusive Sports in Schools: An Exploration of Unified Sport Experiences
Authors: O’Rourke Roxy Helliker , Orr Krystn , Renwick Rebecca , Wright F. Virginia , Noronha James , Bobbie Kirsten , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P.
Published: March 2023

School sports programs intentionally created for students with and without disabilities may increase social participation of students with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Special Olympics Unified Sports is one program where students with and without ID participate on one team. Guided by a critical realist paradigm, this study explored the perceptions of students with and without ID and coaches of in-school Unified Sports. Interviews were conducted with 21 youths (12 with ID) and 14 coaches. Thematic analysis resulted in four developed themes (identified is outdated language): Inclusion—Is it a “we” or a “they?” Roles and Responsibilities, Educational Context for Inclusion, and Buy-In. Findings suggest students with and without ID and coaches value the inclusive nature of Unified Sports. Future research should explore training for coaches on inclusive practices (e.g., language), and optimal methods for consistent training (e.g., use of training manuals) to foster the philosophy of inclusion within school sports.
Social Support for Physical Activity Over 9 Years in Adults Aged 60–65 Years at Baseline
Authors: Smith Genevieve S.E. , Ware Robert S. , Moyle Wendy , Burton Nicola W.
Published: March 2023

Physical activity is a leading determinant of health and well-being in older adults; however, participation is low. Social support can significantly influence physical activity uptake and maintenance; however, most research is cross-sectional and does not differentiate among types of support. The current study assessed four types of social support for physical activity reported over 9 years by adults aged 60–65 at baseline (n = 1,984). Data were collected using a mail survey at four time points. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models. The most common type of support was emotional, with 25% of participants reporting this often/very often. Total support for activity declined by 16% across the 9 years (p < .001). Companionship had the greatest decline among types (17%–18%, p < .001). More work is needed to understand the factors contributing to the decline in support and how to enable access to support for physical activity in older adults.
Physical Activity: A Strategy to Improve Antibody Response to a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Dose in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Gualano Bruno , Sieczkowska Sofia M. , Lemes Ítalo Ribeiro , da Silva Rafael Pires , Pinto Ana J. , Mazzolani Bruna C. , Smaira Fabiana I. , Aikawa Nadia E. , Kupa Leonard V.K. , Pasoto Sandra G. , Medeiros-Ribeiro Ana C. , Saad Carla G.S. , Yuk Emily F.N. , Silva Clovis A. , Swinton Paul , Hallal Pedro C. , Roschel Hamilton , Bonfa Eloisa
Published: March 2023

Background: Physical activity associates with improved immunogenicity following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac’s inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). This study evaluates whether physical activity impacts vaccine-induced antibody responses to a booster dose in this population. Methods: This was a phase-4 trial conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with ARD underwent a 3-dose schedule of CoronaVac. One month after the booster, we assessed seroconversion rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity. Physical activity was assessed through questionnaire. Results: Physically active (n = 362) and inactive (n = 278) patients were comparable for most characteristics; however, physically active patients were younger (P < .01) and had a lower frequency of chronic inflammatory arthritis (P < .01). Adjusted models showed that physically active patients had ∼2 times odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.61), ∼22% greater geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (22.09%; 95% confidence interval, 3.91 to 65.60), and ∼7% greater neutralizing activity (6.76%; 95% confidence interval, 2.80 to 10.72) than inactive patients. Conclusions: Patients with ARD who are physically active have greater odds of experiencing better immunogenicity to a booster dose of CoronaVac. These results support the recommendation of physical activity to improve vaccination responses, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.
Motor-Evoked Potentials for Early Individual Elements of an Action Sequence During Planning Reflect Parallel Activation Processes
Authors: Behmer Lawrence P. , Crump Mathew J.C. , Jantzen Kelly J.
Published: March 2023

Several computational models make predictions about the activation states of individual elements of an action sequence during planning and execution; however, the neural mechanisms of action planning are still poorly understood. Simple chaining models predict that only the first response in an action sequence should be active during planning. Conversely, some parallel activation models suggest that during planning, a serial inhibition process places the individual elements of the action into a serial order across a winner-takes-all competitive choice gradient in which earlier responses are more active, and hence likely to be selected for execution compared with later responses. We triggered transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses at 200 or 400 ms after the onset of a five-letter word, in which all but one response was planned and typed with the left hand, except for a single letter which required a right index finger response exclusively at one of five serial positions. We measured the resulting motor-evoked potentials at the right index finger as a marker for the activation state of that planned response. We observed no difference in motor-evoked potential amplitude across any serial position when a right index finger response was planned at 200 ms after the onset of the word; however, we observed a graded pattern of activation at 400 ms, with earlier positions that required a right index finger response showing greater motor-evoked potentials amplitude compared with later positions. These findings provide empirical support for competitive queuing computational models of action planning.
Memory of stochastic single-cell apoptotic signaling promotes chemoresistance in neuroblastoma
Authors: Hastings Jordan F. , Latham Sharissa L. , Kamili Alvin , Wheatley Madeleine S. , Han Jeremy Z. R. , Wong-Erasmus Marie , Phimmachanh Monica , Nobis Max , Pantarelli Chiara , Cadell Antonia L. , O’Donnell Yolande E. I. , Leong King Ho , Lynn Sophie , Geng Fan-Suo , Cui Lujing , Yan Sabrina , Achinger-Kawecka Joanna , Stirzaker Clare , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , Trahair Toby N. , Speleman Frank , De Preter Katleen , Cowley Mark J. , Bogdanovic Ozren , Timpson Paul , Cox Thomas R. , Kolch Walter , Fletcher Jamie I. , Fey Dirk , Croucher David R.
Published: March 2023

Gene expression noise is known to promote stochastic drug resistance through the elevated expression of individual genes in rare cancer cells. However, we now demonstrate that chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells emerge at a much higher frequency when the influence of noise is integrated across multiple components of an apoptotic signaling network. Using a JNK activity biosensor with longitudinal high-content and in vivo intravital imaging, we identify a population of stochastic, JNK-impaired, chemoresistant cells that exist because of noise within this signaling network. Furthermore, we reveal that the memory of this initially random state is retained following chemotherapy treatment across a series of in vitro, in vivo, and patient models. Using matched PDX models established at diagnosis and relapse from individual patients, we show that HDAC inhibitor priming cannot erase the memory of this resistant state within relapsed neuroblastomas but improves response in the first-line setting by restoring drug-induced JNK activity within the chemoresistant population of treatment-naïve tumors.
Hierarchical approaches to Text-based Offense Classification
Authors: Choi Jay , Kilmer David , Mueller-Smith Michael , Taheri Sema A.
Published: March 2023

Researchers working with administrative crime data often must classify offense narratives into a common scheme for analysis purposes. No comprehensive standard currently exists, nor is there a mapping tool to transform raw descriptions into offense types. This paper introduces a new schema, the Uniform Crime Classification Standard (UCCS), and the Text-based Offense Classification (TOC) tool to address these shortcomings. The UCCS schema draws from existing efforts, aiming to better reflect offense severity and improve type disambiguation. The TOC tool is a machine learning algorithm that uses a hierarchical, multilayer perceptron classification framework, built on 313,209 hand-coded offense descriptions from 24 states, to translate raw descriptions into UCCS codes. We test how variations in data processing and modeling approaches affect recall, precision, and F1 scores to assess their relative influence on model performance. The code scheme and classification tool are collaborations between Measures for Justice and the Criminal Justice Administrative Records System.
The dogs of Chernobyl: Demographic insights into populations inhabiting the nuclear exclusion zone
Authors: Spatola Gabriella J. , Buckley Reuben M. , Dillon Megan , Dutrow Emily V. , Betz Jennifer A. , Pilot Małgorzata , Parker Heidi G. , Bogdanowicz Wiesław , Thomas Rachel , Chyzhevskyi Ihor , Milinevsky Gennadi , Kleiman Norman , Breen Matthew , Ostrander Elaine A. , Mousseau Timothy A.
Published: March 2023

The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster initiated a series of catastrophic events resulting in long-term and widespread environmental contamination. We characterize the genetic structure of 302 dogs representing three free-roaming dog populations living within the power plant itself, as well as those 15 to 45 kilometers from the disaster site. Genome-wide profiles from Chernobyl, purebred and free-breeding dogs, worldwide reveal that the individuals from the power plant and Chernobyl City are genetically distinct, with the former displaying increased intrapopulation genetic similarity and differentiation. Analysis of shared ancestral genome segments highlights differences in the extent and timing of western breed introgression. Kinship analysis reveals 15 families, with the largest spanning all collection sites within the radioactive exclusion zone, reflecting migration of dogs between the power plant and Chernobyl City. This study presents the first characterization of a domestic species in Chernobyl, establishing their importance for genetic studies into the effects of exposure to long-term, low-dose ionizing radiation.
Structural insights into TRAP association with ribosome-Sec61 complex and translocon inhibition by a CADA derivative
Authors: Pauwels Eva , Shewakramani Neesha R. , De Wijngaert Brent , Camps Anita , Provinciael Becky , Stroobants Joren , Kalies Kai-Uwe , Hartmann Enno , Maes Piet , Vermeire Kurt , Das Kalyan
Published: March 2023

During cotranslational translocation, the signal peptide of a nascent chain binds Sec61 translocon to initiate protein transport through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Our cryo–electron microscopy structure of ribosome-Sec61 shows binding of an ordered heterotetrameric translocon-associated protein (TRAP) complex, in which TRAP-γ is anchored at two adjacent positions of 28
S
ribosomal RNA and interacts with ribosomal protein L38 and Sec61α/γ. Four transmembrane helices (TMHs) of TRAP-γ cluster with one C-terminal helix of each α, β, and δ subunits. The seven TMH bundle helps position a crescent-shaped trimeric TRAP-α/β/δ core in the ER lumen, facing the Sec61 channel. Further, our in vitro assay establishes the cyclotriazadisulfonamide derivative CK147 as a translocon inhibitor. A structure of ribosome-Sec61-CK147 reveals CK147 binding the channel and interacting with the plug helix from the lumenal side. The CK147 resistance mutations surround the inhibitor. These structures help in understanding the TRAP functions and provide a new Sec61 site for designing translocon inhibitors.
CD19 CAR antigen engagement mechanisms and affinity tuning
Authors: He Changhao , Mansilla-Soto Jorge , Khanra Nandish , Hamieh Mohamad , Bustos Victor , Paquette Alice J. , Garcia Angus Andreina , Shore Derek M. , Rice William J. , Khelashvili George , Sadelain Michel , Meyerson Joel R.
Published: March 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy relies on T cells that are guided by synthetic receptors to target and lyse cancer cells. CARs bind to cell surface antigens through an scFv (binder), the affinity of which is central to determining CAR T cell function and therapeutic success. CAR T cells targeting CD19 were the first to achieve marked clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies and to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We report cryo-EM structures of CD19 antigen with the binder FMC63, which is used in four FDA-approved CAR T cell therapies (Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, and Breyanzi), and the binder SJ25C1, which has also been used extensively in multiple clinical trials. We used these structures for molecular dynamics simulations, which guided creation of lower- or higher-affinity binders, and ultimately produced CAR T cells endowed with distinct tumor recognition sensitivities. The CAR T cells exhibited different antigen density requirements to trigger cytolysis and differed in their propensity to prompt trogocytosis upon contacting tumor cells. Our work shows how structural information can be applied to tune CAR T cell performance to specific target antigen densities.
Supplemental Material: Crustal recycling and growth via mélange diapir in subduction zones: Insights from two episodes of magmatism in the Northern Yili Block, NW China
Authors: Wang Xiangsong , Cai Keda , al. et
Published: March 2023

Supplemental data (analytical methods, results, etc.) for the granitoids from the Northern Yili Block.
High Dose Inhalation with Gaseous Nitric Oxide in COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Pechyonkin E. V. , Kovrizhkin A. V. , Pekshev A. V. , Vagapov A. B. , Sharapov N. A. , Vanin A. F.
Published: March 2023

A method of treatment of a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in patients undergoing high flow oxygenation is proposed and technically implemented; the method is based on high-dose inhalation of gaseous nitric oxide (NO) with the patient’s spontaneous breathing. The results of the treatment of this disease demonstrating the high efficiency of the new method are presented. A possible mechanism of the blocking effect of high doses of inhaled nitric oxide on the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is discussed; it is based on the formation of dinitrosyl iron complexes in the respiratory tract and lungs of COVID-19 patients with thiol-containing ligands acting as donors of NO and nitrosonium NO+ cations in a living organism that have a cytotoxic effect on the SARS CoV-2 virus.
Effects of heat source/sink on Darcy–Bènard triple-diffusive convection in a porous-fluid system
Authors: Yellamma  , Manjunatha N. , Sumithra R. , Hamoudi Maha Raoof , Verma Anjali , Gowda R. J. Punith
Published: March 2023

In the presence of a constant heat source/sink in both layers of the porous–fluid system, the Darcy–Bènard Triple-Diffusive Convection (DBTDC) problem is investigated for two types of Thermal Boundary Combinations (TBCs). For type (i) adiabatic–adiabatic and type (ii) adiabatic–isothermal TBCs, the system of ordinary differential equations derived from normal mode analysis is solved in closed form for the eigenvalue, Thermal Marangoni Number (TMN). The depth ratio thoroughly explains the influence of several parameters on the eigenvalue, hence on DBTDMC. It is noticed that the parameters in the study have a larger influence on the porous layer dominant composite layer systems than that on the fluid layer dominant composite systems.
Obtaining soliton solutions of the nonlinear (4+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation via two analytical techniques
Authors: Esen Handenur , Secer Aydin , Ozisik Muslum , Bayram Mustafa
Published: March 2023

This paper tackles the recently introduced (4+1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation (4D-BLMPE) utilized to model wave phenomena in incompressible fluid and fluid mechanics. Modified extended tanh expansion method (METEM) and the new Kudryashov scheme are implemented to produce analytical soliton solutions for the presented equation. The traveling wave transformation is constructed, and the homogeneous balance principle is utilized to apply the two proposed techniques. Furthermore, the flat-kink, smooth-kink, singular, and periodic singular solutions are successfully extracted. Some produced solutions are illustrated graphically to understand the physical meaning of the presented model. Moreover, for the first time in this study, the effect of model parameters on kink soliton dynamics is examined, and graphical representations are depicted and interpreted.
HERMITE WAVELET METHOD FOR APPROXIMATE SOLUTION OF HIGHER ORDER BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: AMANULLAH  , YOUSAF MUHAMMAD , ZEB SALMAN , AKRAM MOHAMMAD , HUSSAIN SARDAR MUHAMMAD , RO JONG-SUK
Published: March 2023

In this paper, Hermite wavelet method (HWM) is considered for numerical solution of 12- and 13-order boundary value problems (BVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The proposed algorithm for HWM developed in Maple software converts the ODEs into an algebraic systems of equations. These algebraic equations are then solved by evaluating the unknown constants present in the system of equations and the approximate solution of the problem is obtained. Test problems are considered and their solutions are investigated using HWM-based algorithm. The obtained results from the test problems are compared with exact solution, and with other numerical methods solution in the existing literature. Results comparison are presented both graphically and in tabular form showing close agreement with exact solution, and greater accuracy than homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and differential transform method (DTM).