bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimising Transformation Efficiency in Borrelia: Unravelling the Role of the Restriction-Modification System of Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii
Authors: Ruivo Margarida , Kovács Noémi Zsuzsa , Schötta Anna-Margarita , Stelzer Theresa , Hermann Laura , Mündler Verena , Bergthaler Andreas , Reiter Michael , Wijnveld Michiel
Published: October 2024

Borrelia spp. are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. In Europe, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii are the main causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, one of the most prevalent tick-borne diseases in the northern hemisphere. In bacteria such as Borrelia spp., a restriction-modification system (RMS) protects against the harmful introduction of foreign DNA. The RMS comprises two activities: methyltransferase and endonuclease. This study is aimed to characterize the RMS of B. afzelii and B. garinii. First, we identified potential RMS genes. The predicted genes were cloned into a methylase-deficient Escherichia coli strain and digested with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes to verify methyltransferase activity. Additionally, the RMS proteins were purified to evaluate endonuclease activity. Subsequently, methylated and unmethylated plasmids were used to investigate the effect of methylation on endonuclease activity and transformation efficiency. We identified four possible RMS genes in B. afzelii and four RMS genes in B. garinii. We analyzed the presence of these genes in patient isolates and observed a high degree of heterogeneity. The restriction pattern of DNA methylated by each of the four recombinantly expressed genes provided strong evidence that all encode adenine-specific methyltransferases. After 24 h of incubation with purified RMS proteins, we observed complete digestion of unmethylated plasmid DNA, demonstrating endonuclease activity. Finally, we proved that methylation protects against endonuclease activity and increases transformation efficiency.
Altered Expression of Neuroplasticity-Related Genes in Alcohol Addiction and Treatment
Authors: Legaki Evangelia , Dovrolis Nikolas , Moscholiou Nikoletta , Koutromanos Ilias , Vassilopoulos Efthimios , Dakanalis Antonios , Gazouli Maria , Tzavellas Elias
Published: October 2024

Alcohol use disorder’s complexity arises from genetic and environmental factors, with alcohol metabolism genes and neurotransmitter pathways being critical. This study aims to analyze synaptic plasticity gene expression changes in individuals with AUD in order to study their contribution to AUD development and to identify potential biomarkers of treatment response. RNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood (20 patients, 10 healthy controls), before and after treatment (Qiagen AllPrep RNA/DNA Mini Kit), and the gene expression of 84 genes related to neuroplasticity was studied using the RT2 Profiler for Human Synaptic Plasticity RT-PCR Array (PAHS-126ZA, Qiagen), comparing AUD patients to control and responders to non-responders. The potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers were searched using machine learning models. A total of 35 dysregulated genes were found in AUD patients. EPHB2, EGR, and AKT1 were increased, while TIMP1, NCAM1, and GRM2 were decreased. Responders showed distinct gene expression profiles at baseline. After treatment, the expression of 57 genes was normalized, while NCAM1, GRM2, and BDNF showed the most significant recovery. EGR4, INHBA, and NCAM1 emerged as potential biomarkers to predict treatment success. These results indicate that gene profiles in peripheral blood can serve as prognostic markers for the prognosis and treatment of AUD, although further validation is required.
To What Extent Have LLMs Reshaped the Legal Domain So Far? A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Padiu Bogdan , Iacob Radu , Rebedea Traian , Dascalu Mihai
Published: October 2024

Understanding and explaining legal systems is very challenging due to their complex structure, specialized terminology, and multiple interpretations. Legal AI models are currently undergoing drastic advancements due to the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks and are currently undergoing very rapid iterations. As an emerging field, the application of LLMs in the legal field is still in its early stages, with multiple challenges that need to be addressed. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive survey of legal LLMs, not only reviewing the models themselves but also analyzing their applications within the legal systems in different geographies. The paper begins by providing a high-level overview of AI technologies in the legal field and showcasing recent research advancements in LLMs, followed by practical implementations of legal LLMs. Two databases (i.e., SCOPUS and Web of Science) were considered alongside additional related studies that met our selection criteria. We used the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines as the methodology to extract relevant studies and report our findings. The paper discusses and analyses the limitations and challenges faced by legal LLMs, including issues related to data, algorithms, and judicial practices. Moreover, we examine the extent to which such systems can be effectively deployed. The paper summarizes recommendations and future directions to address challenges, aiming to help stakeholders overcome limitations and integrate legal LLMs into the judicial system.
Energy Performance Analysis and Output Prediction Pipeline for East-West Solar Microgrids
Authors: Nguyen Khanh , Koch Kevin , Chandna Swati , Vu Binh
Published: October 2024

Local energy networks, known as microgrids, can operate independently or in conjunction with the main grid, offering numerous benefits such as enhanced reliability, sustainability, and efficiency. This study focuses on analyzing the factors that influence energy performance in East-West microgrids, which have the unique advantage of capturing solar radiation from both directions, maximizing energy production throughout the day. A predictive pipeline was also developed to assess the performance of various machine learning models in forecasting energy output. Key input data for the models included solar radiation levels, photovoltaic (DC) energy, and the losses incurred during the conversion from DC to AC energy. One of the study’s significant findings was that the east side of the microgrid received higher radiation and experienced fewer losses compared to the west side, illustrating the importance of orientation for efficiency. Another noteworthy result was the predicted total energy supplied to the grid, valued at €15,423. This demonstrates that the optimized energy generation not only meets grid demand but also generates economic value by enabling the sale of excess energy back to the grid. The machine learning models—Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, and Recurrent Neural Networks—showed superior performance in energy prediction, with mean squared errors of 0.000318, 0.000104, and 0.000081, respectively. The research concludes that East-West microgrids have substantial potential to generate significant energy and economic benefits. The developed energy prediction pipeline can serve as a useful tool for optimizing microgrid operations and improving their integration with the main grid.
Biopsychosocial Impact of Multiple Sclerosis in Omani Patients: A Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Al-Dhahri Maisaa , Helmy Mai , Rajeev Neeraja , Al Toubi Aseel , Al-Abdali Hiba , Al-Asmi Abdullah , Al-Lawati Iman Redha , Al-Adawi Issa , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Al-Adawi Samir
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by various clinical presentations and manifestations that include biopsychosocial impediments. This study has three interrelated goals relevant to biopsychosocial functioning: (i) compare reasoning ability, neuropsychological functioning, affective range, and quality of life (QoL) between people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and healthy controls; (ii) explore gender differences in reasoning ability and neuropsychological functioning, affective symptoms, and QoL among PwMS; and (iii) examine the relationship between QoL and cognitive performance in PwMS, focusing on those with inadequate vs. adequate QoL. Methods: This multicenter study was carried out among clinically stable PwMS (no relapse in the last two months) at follow-up in two tertiary care units in urban Oman. Healthy controls, matched for age and sex, were also recruited as a comparison group. Data were collected using cognitive batteries sensitive to current reasoning ability and conventional neuropsychological batteries designed to measure verbal learning, visual-spatial ability, and processing speed. The affective range (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and quality of life (QoL) were also evaluated. Results: The PwMS group scored lower on current reasoning ability, verbal learning, visual-spatial ability, and processing speed compared to the control group. The incidence of anxiety was higher in the PwMS group, but there were no statistically significant differences in depressive symptoms. No significant differences were found in cognitive variables between the two sexes, except in visual-spatial ability, where women outperformed men. PwMS with low QoL scored lower on attention and concentration indices than those with adequate QoL. According to QoL, no significant differences were observed in reasoning, verbal learning, or visual-spatial ability. Conclusions: The present sentinel study suggests that the Omani cohort with MS tends to have lower indices of current reasoning ability, visual and spatial memory, and cognitive speed compared to control subjects. Gender differences are minimal, except for visual-spatial abilities, where women outperform men. Quality of life significantly affects cognitive functioning. In general, the biopsychosocial impediment appears to be significant, indicating the need for comprehensive evaluation and care in the management of MS.
Does Occupational Exposure to Chemicals/Carcinogens Affect the Hematological Parameters of Workers?
Authors: La Torre Giuseppe , Manai Maria Vittoria , Moretti Luca , Vezza Francesca , Breccia Massimo , Cafolla Arturo , Bernardinetti Gabriele , Leo Gaetano , Stefanantoni Katia , Pavan Antonio , Sernia Sabina
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Chemical and carcinogenic risk in workplace are linked to an increase of the incidence of cancer in exposed workers. The aim of this observational study was to identify an association between exposure to chemical risk and changes in hematochemical parameters of workers exposed. Methods: The study examined blood count parameters performed on 4523 employees of Sapienza University of Rome from September 2019 to February 2020. A total of 1402 workers in research laboratories, exposed to chemical risk and carcinogens, was compared with a cohort of 3121 blood donors, in apparently good health, matched for age, sex, and period of blood collection. Results: Multivariate analysis demonstrated acrylamide is the most frequently associated chemical with significant changes between the groups. It is related to an increase in monocytes and MPV, a reduction of lymphocytes, platelets, and red series values, while MCH remained unchanged. Formaldehyde reveals the same changes as acrylamide, with the exception of the percentage of lymphocytes, red blood cells, and HB, which remain unchanged. Other chemicals and carcinogens show variations for few blood count parameters. Conclusions: The present study found out a significant change in blood count values in workers exposed to acrylamide and formaldehyde. It also showed an increase in the mean monocyte value in employees exposed to carcinogenic risk, compared to non-exposed, with the exception of Trypan Blue. The implementation of efficient health surveillance remains of critical importance. These data should be compared with those from follow-up studies.
Characterization of Yeast Isolated from the Gut Microbiota of Tunisian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Chamtouri Mariem , Merghni Abderrahmen , Miranda-Cadena Katherine , Sakly Nabil , Gaddour Naoufel , de Los Reyes-Gavilán Clara G. , Mastouri Maha , Eraso Elena , Quindós Guillermo
Published: October 2024

Research on the microbiota–gut–brain axis in autism has primarily focused on bacteria, with limited attention to fungi. There is a growing interest in understanding the involvement of fungi, particularly Candida, in patients with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, antifungal susceptibility profiles and virulence factors of Candida isolates from the guts of Tunisian children with autism. Twenty-eight children with autism and forty-six controls were enrolled. Candida isolates from the faecal samples were identified using biochemical and molecular methods; antifungal susceptibility testing was determined by the EUCAST broth microdilution method and virulence factors, including biofilm formation, cell surface hydrophobicity and phospholipase and proteinase activities, were assessed in vitro. As a result, Candida was detected in 13 children with autism (46.4%) and 14 control children (30.4%). Candida albicans was found to be the most common species isolate in the faeces of both groups of children. Antifungal susceptibility profiles showed that one Candida isolate was resistant to amphotericin B and anidulafungin (3.7%), six were resistant to micafungin (22.2%) and five were resistant to fluconazole (18.5%). All Candida isolates were biofilm producers. Of the twenty-seven isolates, only four showed phospholipase activity (14.8%), eight showed aspartyl-proteinase activity (29.6%) and nine were hydrophobic (33.3%). These results highlight the presence of Candida in the guts of children with autism, as well as the ability to express multiple virulence factors and the antifungal resistance, and they emphasize the need for further studies to confirm intestinal Candida colonization and its potential role in autism.
Indicators for Assessing the Combustion Intensity of Coal Particles Using a Single UV Sensor
Authors: Choiński Dariusz , Stebel Krzysztof , Malcher Andrzej , Bocian Paweł , Glot Beata , Ilewicz Witold , Skupin Piotr , Grelewicz Patryk , Sujana J. Angela Jennifa
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the evaluation of the combustion intensity of coal particles on the basis of measurement data (UV radiation) from a scanning point photodiode. UV radiation is measured using a custom UV scanner at different distances from the burner in the vertical combustion chamber. The designed scanner uses a sensitive silicon carbide (SiC) photodiode, and its dynamical properties are investigated in the present work. Subsequently, experiments are performed for coal particles at different combustion temperatures and at different measuring locations of the scanner. The measurement data are processed in the frequency domain using the proposed algorithm, and two indicators for evaluating the combustion intensity are proposed. The obtained results show that the proposed indicators provide unequivocal information about the combustion intensity as a function of the combustion temperature.
The Effect of Different Resistance Training Protocols on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation During Exercise Recovery: A Crossover, Randomized, and Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Gobbo Helyel Rodrigues , Barbosa Gabriel Marcelino , de Oliveira Lucas Cezar , de Oliveira Gustavo Vieira
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study investigated the impact of two different resistance training (RT) protocols on cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise recovery in trained individuals. It was hypothesized that a hypertrophic resistance training program would induce more significant stress and negatively affect cardiac autonomic modulation compared to a power/force resistance training program. Methods: Six healthy, trained participants (aged 18–40) were randomized in a crossover and controlled pilot study. Participants performed two RT protocols: (i) three sets of 10 repetitions with 85% of 10 RM, 60 s inter-set rest (3x1060s) and (ii) eight sets of three repetitions with 85% of 3 RM, 120 s inter-set rest (8x3120s). Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured before and 30 min after each RT session. Results: Significant reductions in HRV parameters (RMSSD, HF, and SD1) were observed following the 3x1060s protocol (hypertrophic design) compared to baseline. Conversely, the 8x3120s (power/force design) protocol did not show significant changes in HRV parameters. A significant interaction effect for time and RT protocol was found for all HRV measures with more significant reductions observed after 3x1060s compared to 8x3120s. Conclusions: The hypertrophic RT session (3x1060s) significantly reduced HRV parameters, suggesting higher physiological stress and potentially negative implications for cardiac autonomic recovery than the power/force RT session (8x3120s). These findings highlight the importance of considering exercise intensity and protocol design to manage cardiac autonomic stress during resistance training.
Identification and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of the Urban–Rural Fringe in Polycentric Cities Based on K-Means Clustering and Multi-Source Data: A Case Study of Chengdu City
Authors: Ji Dan , Tian Jian , Zhang Jiahao , Zeng Jian , Namaiti Aihemaiti
Published: October 2024

Urban fringe areas, serving as transitional zones between urban and rural landscapes, are characterized by their transitional nature, high dynamics, and spatial heterogeneity. Identifying the extent of an urban–rural fringe (URF) and analyzing its evolutionary characteristics are crucial for urban planning and development. However, limited research exists regarding the identification of a URF and the analysis of its spatiotemporal evolution in polycentric cities. Using Chengdu as a case study, this research employed the K-means clustering method to identify the spatial extent and evolution patterns of the URF in Chengdu from 2010 to 2020 based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of multi-source data. The results indicate that (1) the K-means clustering method can reasonably and efficiently identify URF in polycentric cities; (2) Chengdu exhibited a polycentric urban structure with a “main center-subcenter” pattern, where the URF was adjacent to the main and subcenters, assuming an overall annular wedge shape; (3) there was a significant expansion of the URF in the northeast–southwest direction from 2010 to 2020, accompanied by substantial land use changes. The evolution of the URF was driven by the dual mechanisms of urban suburbanization and rural urbanization, exhibiting characteristics such as singular urban functions, dispersed and chaotic land use, fragmented landscapes, and increasing complexity. This study extended the research on URFs, aiding in the understanding of urban spatial growth patterns and providing decision support for the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Analysis and Prediction of Carbon Storage Based on Land Use and Cover Change: A Case Study of Jiangsu Coastal Cities in China
Authors: Shi Ge , Wang Yutong , Zhang Jingran , Xu Jinghai , Chen Yu , Chen Wei , Liu Jiahang
Published: October 2024

Accurate estimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage and the scientific formulation of ecological conservation and land use policies are essential for promoting regional low-carbon sustainable development and achieving the goal of “carbon neutrality.” In this study, the FLUS–InVEST model was used to evaluate the carbon stocks of the Jiangsu coastal zone in China from 1995 to 2020 and scientifically forecast the changes in carbon stocks in 2030 under three scenarios: natural exploitation, ecological protection, and economic development. The results are as follows: (1) From 1995 to 2020, carbon storage in the coastal zone initially remained stable before declining, a trend closely linked to the accelerated urbanization and economic growth of Jiangsu Province. (2) By 2030, carbon storage under the three scenarios exhibits a pattern of “S1 decrease–S2 increase–S3 decrease,” with a more significant increase in construction land under the natural development and economic development scenarios compared to the ecological protection scenario. (3) The sensitivity of carbon storage to land use changes varies across scenarios. In the natural development scenario, carbon storage is most affected by forest reduction and construction land expansion. In the ecological protection scenario, it is more responsive to increases in non-construction land. In the economic development scenario, the expansion of construction land leads to the most significant decrease in carbon storage. Therefore, when formulating future territorial spatial planning policies and urban development strategies, it is essential to consider ecological protection and economic development scenarios comprehensively, taking into account carbon sequestration capabilities. This approach will ensure effective conservation and restoration of damaged ecosystems while safeguarding the robust development of urban economies and societies.
How to Achieve the Ecological Sustainability Goal of Ecologically Fragile Areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Multi-Scenario Simulation of Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Gong Zeyuan , Liu Wei , Guo Jing , Su Yi , Gao Yapei , Bu Wanru , Ren Jun , Li Chengying
Published: October 2024

The future of the ecologically fragile areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a matter of concern. With the implementation of the Western Development Strategy, the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration (LXUA) has encountered conflicts and compromises between urban expansion, ecological protection, and farmland protection policies in the rapid development of the past 2 decades. These deeply affect the land use layout, making the ecological sustainable development of the ecologically fragile areas of the QTP a complex and urgent issue. Exploring the impact of different policy-led land use patterns on regional ecosystem services is of great significance for the sustainable development of ecologically fragile areas and the formulation of relevant policies. Following the logical main line of “history-present-future”, the Patch-level Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, which explores potential factors of historical land use, and the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model were used to construct three future scenarios for the modernization stage in 2031 dominated by different land use policies in this study. These scenarios include the Business-as-Usual Scenario (BS), the Cropland Protection Scenario (CP), and the Ecological Protection Scenario (EP). The study analyzed and predicted land use changes in the LXUA from 2001 to 2031 and assessed carbon storage, habitat quality at different time points, and water yield in 2021. The results indicated that land use changes from 2001 to 2021 reflect the impacts and conflicts among the Western Development Strategy, ecological protection policies, and cropland preservation policies. In 2031, construction land continues to increase under all three scenarios, expanding northwards around Lanzhou, consistent with the actual “northward expansion” trend of Lanzhou City. Changes in other land uses are in line with the directions guided by land use policy. By 2031, carbon storage and habitat quality decline under all scenarios, with the highest values observed in the EP scenario, the lowest carbon storage in the BS scenario, and the lowest habitat quality in the CP scenario. Regarding water yield, the LXUA primarily relies on alpine snowmelt, with construction land overlapping high evapotranspiration areas. Based on the assessment of ecosystem services, urban expansion, delineation of ecological red lines, and improvement of cropland quality in the LXUA were proposed. These findings and recommendations can provide a scientific basis for policy makers and planning managers in the future.
Tribological Behavior and Cold-Rolling Lubrication Performance of Water-Based Nanolubricants with Varying Concentrations of Nano-TiO2 Additives
Authors: Ma Linan , Ma Luhu , Lian Junjie , Wang Chen , Ma Xiaoguang , Zhao Jingwei
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of water-based nanolubricants containing varying concentrations (1.0–9.0 wt.%) of TiO2 nanoparticles on the friction and wear of titanium foil surfaces. Water-based nanolubricants containing TiO2 nanoparticles of varying concentrations were prepared and applied in friction and wear experiments and micro-rolling experiments to evaluate their performance regarding friction and wear properties. The findings indicated that the best results were achieved with a 3.0 wt.% TiO2 nano-additive lubricant that significantly improved the tribological properties, with reductions in the COF and wear of 82.9% and 42.7%, respectively, compared to the dry conditions without any lubricant. In addition, nanolubricants contribute to a reduction in rolling forces and an improvement in the surface quality of titanium foils after rolling. In conclusion, nanolubricants exhibit superior lubricating properties compared to conventional O/W lubricants, which is attributed to the combined effect of the rolling effect, polishing effect, mending effect and tribo-film effect of the nanoparticles.
(R)-3,3,6-Trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan
Authors: Marichal-Medina Débora María , Rodríguez-Caro Juan Francisco , Afonso María M. , Palenzuela José Antonio
Published: October 2024

(R)-3,3,6-trimethyl-3,3a,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]furan was obtained by the acid cyclization of the alcohol (S)-(2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)methanol, which, in turn, is obtained from (R)-limonene. The structure of the new compound was established using NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectra) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The chemical shifts of the proton and carbon atoms were calculated at the DFT level with a high correlation between the calculated and experimental values.
Effects of Mixture Proportions and Molding Method on the Performance of Pervious Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Wei Haifeng , Yan Lixing , Lu Caifeng , Wen Zhihong , Yang Ye , Lu Chunhao , Zhou Qingsong
Published: October 2024

The use of pervious concrete pavement systems with recycled aggregates is a sustainable and innovative solution to major urbanization challenges such as repurposing construction waste, alleviating urban waterlogging, and reducing heat-island effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of mixture proportions and molding methods on the performance of pervious recycled aggregate concrete (PRAC). To this end, the coarse aggregate size (4.75~9.5 mm, 9.5~16 mm, and 16~19 mm), the molding method (layered insertion-tamping and vibration molding with vibration times of 5 s, 10 s, or 15 s, respectively), and the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) (0%, 30%, 50%, and 100%, respectively) are considered. The results reveal that the addition of RCA to permeable concrete weakens its permeability. However, the compressive strength of PRAC reaches its maximum value when the RCA replacement rate is 50%. A larger aggregate particle size (16~19 mm) enhances the compressive strength of PRAC, yet decreases the permeability of PRAC. By using vibration molding to fabricate PRAC, an extension to the vibration duration increases the compressive strength, yet concurrently decreases the permeability. Based on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of PRAC, the optimal mixture proportions and molding method are suggested.
An Electrochemical Study of the Effect of Sulfate on the Surface Oxidation of Pyrite
Authors: Lv Siqi , Liang Yujian , Zhang Xuezhen , Tan Xiaomei , Huang Zuotan , Guan Xuan , Liu Chongmin , Tu Zhihong
Published: October 2024

Pyrite is one of the most abundant metal sulfide tailings and is susceptible to oxidation, yielding acidic mine drainage (AMD) that poses significant environmental risks. Consequently, the exploration of pyrite surface oxidation and the kinetic influencing factors remains a pivotal research area. Despite the oxidation of pyrite producing a significant amount of sulfate (SO42−), a comprehensive investigation into its influence on the oxidation process is lacking. Leveraging pyrite’s semiconducting nature and the electrochemical intricacies of its surface oxidation, this study employs electrochemical techniques—cyclic voltammetry (CV), Tafel polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)—to assess the effect of SO42⁻ on pyrite surface oxidation. The CV curve shows that SO42− does not change the fundamental surface oxidation mechanism of pyrite, but its redox peak current density decreases with the increase in SO42−, and the surface oxidation rate of pyrite decreases. The possible reason is attributed to SO42− adsorption onto pyrite surfaces, blocking active sites and impeding the oxidation process. Furthermore, Tafel polarization curves indicate an augmentation in polarization resistance with elevated SO42− concentrations, signifying heightened difficulty in pyrite surface reactions. EIS analysis underscores an increase in Weber diffusion resistance with increasing SO42⁻, indicating that the diffusion of Fe3+ to the pyrite surface and the diffusion of oxidized products to the solution becomes more difficult. These findings will improve our understanding of the influence of SO42− on pyrite oxidation and have important implications for deepening the understanding of surface oxidation of pyrite in the natural environment.
Enhancing Economic, Resilient, and Sustainable Outcomes Through Supplier Selection and Order Allocation in the Food Manufacturing Industry: A Hybrid Delphi-FAHP-FMOP Method
Authors: Ye Longlong , Song Guang , Song Shaohua
Published: October 2024

In the food manufacturing industry, which is critical to national economies, there is a growing imperative to meet heightened safety, quality, and environmental standards, particularly in the face of supply chain disruptions. This study addresses the gap in literature by integrating sustainable and resilient supply chain theories with risk management and low-carbon principles into a supplier selection framework. Utilizing the Delphi method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), and fuzzy multi-objective programming (FMOP), we develop a decision-making model specifically calibrated for the food sector. Initially, the study establishes a comprehensive criteria system encompassing quality, cost, delivery, low-carbon, and risk management through a literature review and expert consultation. Subsequently, FAHP is employed to determine the relative importance of each criterion in supplier selection. Furthermore, FMOP is utilized to develop a decision-making model for optimizing supplier selection and order allocation. Validated through a numerical study based on a Chinese food manufacturer, the framework presents a practical tool for food manufacturers, ensuring supply chain stability while aligning with sustainability objectives. This research refines decision making and strengthens the competitive stance of food manufacturers, significantly propelling the industry’s green transformation.
Effect of Exercise and Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Pre- and Post-Surgical Patients with Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cruz Mosquera Freiser Eceomo , Murillo Saray Rios , Naranjo Rojas Anisbed , Perlaza Claudia Lorena , Castro Osorio Diana , Liscano Yamil
Published: October 2024

Background and objectives: Lung cancer is a common cancer, and its impact on public health is not only reflected in the 1 million deaths it causes annually but also in the significant implications it has on daily activities and quality of life, resulting in a considerable burden on healthcare systems. This review aims to determine the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation and pre- or post-surgical exercise in patients with lung cancer. Materials and methods: A systematic review with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials published between 2010 and 2024 was conducted; the search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Clinical Trial, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scielo, and LILAC. Results: Pulmonary rehabilitation or exercise before surgery was associated with a greater 6 min walking distance (MD: 37.42, 95% CI: 9.68–65.1; p = 0.008); however, it had no implications on hospital stay (MD: −0.91, 95% CI: −1.88–0.055; p = 0.06). When the intervention was performed post-surgery, higher FEV1 (SMD: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92; p = 0.0001) and improved 6 min walking distances (60.8, 95% CI: 20.96–100.6; p = 0.0033) were found compared to standard management. Conclusions: This review suggests that, depending on the timing of implementation, pulmonary rehabilitation or exercise could produce positive effects on certain clinical variables in lung cancer patients.
Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease with a Corneal Disorder: A Case Report
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed Talaat , Inoue Daisuke , Yoshimura Shunsuke , Uematsu Masafumi , Mohamed Yasser Helmy , Kusano Mao , Tang Diya , Oishi Akio , Kitaoka Takashi , Takeo Gou , Ohira Akihiro
Published: October 2024

Background: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of intranuclear inclusions in cells. Adult-type NIID usually develops in elderly patients with various clinical manifestations and is sometimes accompanied by ocular symptoms. A case of adult-onset NIID with early and unique manifestations, including a progressive corneal defect and retinal changes, which are concerning at a young age, is reported. Case Presentation: A 29-year-old woman with adult sporadic NIID presented to our department with a progressive corneal disorder. Her neurological symptoms started at the age of 22 years, and she was diagnosed with NIID by skin biopsy and genetic testing. Ocular examination revealed bilateral corneal superficial punctate keratitis, right corneal opacity, decreased vision, nocturnal lagophthalmos, and early retinal changes. Corneal nerve fiber atrophy was detected by in vivo confocal microscopy. With a Cochet–Bonnet aesthesiometer, the progression of NIID and decreased corneal sensation were confirmed. Findings consistent with neurotrophic keratitis and keratoconjunctivitis due to nocturnal lagophthalmos were both suggested as being complications of her underlying NIID. Treatment with punctal plugs, sodium hyaluronate eye drops, diquafosol sodium eye drops, systemic and local antivirals, and local steroid medications resulted in the gradual improvement in the irregularity and opacity of the epithelium. Conclusions: NIID may lead to neurotrophic keratopathy due to impairment of the corneal sensory nerves. Nocturnal lagophthalmos is a remarkable finding in a case of NIID. The findings in the present case highlight the complex and multifaceted nature of NIID, with neurological and ocular manifestations requiring a multidisciplinary approach to management.
Social Support and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls
Authors: Sułkowski Leszek , Matyja Andrzej , Matyja Maciej
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Hemodialysis patients face significant physical and psychological challenges, including diminished quality of life and reduced social support. This study aimed to assess the levels of social support and quality of life in hemodialysis patients and identify the sociodemographic and dialysis-related factors influencing these outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 115 hemodialysis patients and 107 healthy controls. Social support was measured using the Modified Social Support Survey (MSSS) and its abbreviated version (MSSS-5). Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Demographic variables (age, sex, education, marital status) and dialysis-related factors (session duration, Kt/V, vascular access type, and urea reduction ratio) were analyzed to determine their effects on social support and quality of life. Results: Hemodialysis patients reported significantly lower scores in the Physical Health and Psychological Health domains of the WHOQOL-BREF compared to healthy controls. Males on hemodialysis scored lower than the controls in the Physical Health, Psychological Health, and Environment domains of the WHOQOL-BREF and the Affectionate Support and Positive Social Interaction subscales of MSSS. Conversely, hemodialysis females reported higher scores for Tangible Support, Emotional/Informational Support, and Affectionate Support. Longer dialysis sessions negatively impacted the Social Relationships domain. Married hemodialysis patients had higher Emotional/Informational Support and Affectionate Support scores. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients experience diminished physical and psychological quality of life, particularly males. Social support, especially emotional and informational support, is crucial for hemodialysis patients, with marital status playing a key role. Addressing these psychosocial factors may improve outcomes for hemodialysis patients.
Comorbidity, Treatment, and Service Utilization Patterns in Difficult-to-Treat Depression Patients: A Retrospective Study in a Portuguese Community Mental Health Team
Authors: Gouveia João , Neves Marta Moura , Madeira Nuno , Santos Vítor , Macedo António
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Observational studies with data from real-world clinical practice with patients with difficult-to-treat depression (DTD) are rare. This study aims to collect observational data from the real-world clinical practice of a Portuguese community mental health team (CMHT) on the prevalence of DTD and to explore differences between DTD and non-DTD groups. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review study using data from Electronic Health Records (EHRs) of adult patients with psychiatric disorders followed by a CMHT from the Department of Psychiatry of the Coimbra Local Health Unit (between 1 December 2020–31 December 2022). The Dutch Measure for quantification of Treatment Resistance in Depression (DM-TRD) was used to assess the degree of treatment resistance and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to measure medical comorbidity. Results: A quantity of 473 patients were referred to Cantanhede CMHT for a first assessment. Of these, 219 patients met the criteria for a primary diagnosis of any depressive disorder. Assistant psychiatrists identified 57 patients with DTD during follow-up (approximately 26%). The DTD group had higher rates of depressive episodes, greater depression severity, increased service use, higher DM-TRD scores, and a higher prevalence of comorbid anxiety symptoms, personality disorders, and severe medical comorbidities. The DTD group also had a higher prescription rate of antidepressants. Differences were observed in the use of antidepressant augmentation strategies and in the prescription of anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs and analgesics, with higher prescription rates in the DTD group. We found correlations between DM-TRD and CCI scores, and between DM-TRD scores and all service use variables. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a similar study in the United Kingdom, highlighting the need for a different approach to the management of DTD patients, who continue to live with a significant burden despite usual pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.
Species Differences in Ezetimibe Glucuronidation
Authors: Emmanuel Shalom , Asare Eric A. , Du Ting , Xie Huan , Liang Dong , Gao Song
Published: October 2024

Background: Peclinical and clinical studies have revealed that ezetimibe, an approved cholesterol-absorption inhibitor, is rapidly and extensively metabolized to a more potent metabolite, ezetimibe glucuronide. Since different species are commonly used in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of ezetimibe, it is essential to determine the species difference in glucuronidation of ezetimibe in order to accurately evaluate ezetimibe’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The purpose of the study was to compare species differences in ezetimibe glucuronidation rates using intestinal microsomes from humans, rats, mice, monkeys, and dogs. Method: Intestinal microsomes from different species were used to assess the ezetimibe glucuronidation rates. Multiple substrate concentrations at 0.5, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µM were tested and fitted into the Michaelis–Menten model to determine the enzyme kinetic parameters. Results: The results showed that the glucuronidation rates with these tested species were significantly different. Kinetic studies revealed that the maximum metabolic rate (Vmax) was higher in monkeys (3.87 ± 0.22 nmol/mg/min) than that in rat (2.40 ± 0.148 nmol/mg/min) and mouse (2.23 ± 0.10 nmol/mg/min), and then human (1.90 ± 0.08 nmol/mg/min) and dog (1.19 ± 0.06 nmol/mg/min). The CLint was an 8.17-fold difference among these species, following the order of mouse > dog > human > rat = monkey. Conclusions: The study revealed that the rate of ezetimibe glucuronidation in the intestine was different in different species and has an impact on ezetimibe glucuronidation in the intestine. When analyzing the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, or toxicology of ezetimibe using different models, these species differences must be taken into consideration.
On the Complex Flow Dynamics of Shear Thickening Fluids Entry Flows
Authors: Montenegro Miguel , Galindo-Rosales Francisco J.
Published: October 2024

Due to their nature, using shear thickening fluids (STFs) in engineering applications has sparked an interest in developing energy-dissipating systems, such as damping devices or shock absorbers. The Rheinforce technology allows the design of customized energy dissipative composites by embedding microfluidic channels filled with STFs in a scaffold material. One of the reasons for using microfluidic channels is that their shape can be numerically optimized to control pressure drop (also known as rectifiers); thus, by controlling the pressure drop, it is possible to control the energy dissipated by the viscous effect. Upon impact, the fluid is forced to flow through the microchannel, experiencing the typical entry flow until it reaches the fully developed flow. It is well-known for Newtonian fluid that the entrance flow is responsible for a non-negligible percentage of the total pressure drop in the fluid; therefore, an analysis of the fluid flow at the entry region for STFs is of paramount importance for an accurate design of the Rheinforce composites. This analysis has been numerically performed before for shear-thickening fluids modeled by a power-law model; however, as this constitutive model represents a continuously growing viscosity between end-viscosity plateau values, it is not representative of the characteristic viscosity curve of shear-thickening fluids, which typically exhibit a three-region shape (thinning-thickening-thinning). For the first time, the influence of these three regions on the entry flow on an axisymmetric pipe is analyzed. Two-dimensional numerical simulations have been performed for four STFs consisting of four dispersions of fumed silica nanoparticles in polypropylene glycol varying concentrations (7.5–20 wt%).
Enhanced Acoustic Mixing in Silicon-Based Chips with Sharp-Edged Micro-Structures
Authors: Hashemiesfahan Mehrnaz , Gelin Pierre , Gardeniers Han , De Malsche Wim
Published: October 2024

The small dimensions of microfluidic channels allow for fast diffusive or passive mixing, which is beneficial for time-sensitive applications such as chemical reactions, biological assays, and the transport of to-be-detected species to sensors. In microfluidics, the need for fast mixing within milliseconds arises primarily because these devices are often used in fields where rapid and efficient mixing significantly impacts the performance and outcome of the processes. Active mixing with acoustics in microfluidic devices involves using acoustic waves to enhance the mixing of fluids within microchannels. Using sharp corners and wall patterns in acoustofluidic devices significantly enhances the mixing by acoustic streaming around these features. The streaming patterns around the sharp edges are particularly effective for the mixing because they can produce strong lateral flows that rapidly homogenize liquids. This work presents extensive characterizations of the effect of sharp-edged structures on acoustic mixing in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) mode in a silicon microdevice. The effect of side wall patterns in different angles and shapes, their positions, the type of piezoelectric transducer, and its amplitude and frequency have been studied. Following the patterning of the channel walls, a mixing time of 25 times faster was reached, compared to channels with smooth side walls exhibiting conventional BAW behavior. The average locally determined acoustic streaming velocity inside the channel becomes 14 times faster if sharp corners of 10° are added to the wall.
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Older Adults Requiring Hospitalization in an Internal Medicine Ward
Authors: Artero Arturo , López-Cruz Ian , Aguilera Juan Alberto , Piles Laura , Artero Silvia , Eiros José María , Alberola Juan , Madrazo Manuel
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of recurrent infections, especially among young women, but also in patients with infections related to the insertion of urological devices. The aim of this study was to determine the recurrent UTI readmission rate among older patients and the risk factors for recurrent UTI in a prospective cohort of patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired UTI. We assessed the frequency of recurrent UTIs over a one-year follow-up period after discharge and compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics between cases with and without recurrences. Out of a total of 462 patients included in this study, 35 (7.6%) had a readmission due to UTI. The patients in the overall series had a median age of 78 (69–86) years, and 50% were women. Recurrent UTIs were associated with healthcare-associated UTIs (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–6.9) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–7.2) according to multivariate analysis. Patients with recurrent UTIs experienced longer hospital stays, with no significant difference in mortality rates. Half of the recurrent UTIs were caused by the same microorganisms as those in primary UTIs, but the prolonged period up to recurrence, with a median of 4 months, suggests that they were mostly reinfections. In conclusion, elderly patients admitted to the hospital with complicated UTIs had a low long-term risk of recurrent UTIs. However, this risk was higher in patients with healthcare-associated infection criteria and in those with P. aeruginosa UTIs. Identifying these risk groups may aid in the early detection of recurrent UTIs.