bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutation screening of the HDC gene in Chinese Han patients with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Lei Jing , Deng Xiong , Zhang Jie , Su Linyan , Xu Hongbo , Liang Hui , Huang Xian , Song Zhi , Deng Hao
Published: November 2011

Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. While environmental causes have been proposed to play a role, genetic factors are believed to be the main determinants of the disorder and its clinical manifestations. Recently, a heterozygous W317X mutation in the histidine decarboxylase gene (HDC) was reported to be responsible for TS in a two‐generation pedigree. To investigate whether the HDC gene play a role in TS in Chinese Han population, we performed genetic analysis of the coding region of the HDC gene in 100 Chinese Han patients with TS. Three variants were found including a C > T transition (IVS1 + 52C > T), a novel C > A transition (c.426C > A) in exon 4, and a novel G > A transition (c.1743G > A) in exon 12, both predicted with no amino acid change. Extended analysis was conducted in a total of 120 TS patients and 240 sex, age, and ethnicity matched healthy controls. No significant differences in genotypic and allele distribution between patients and controls for these three variants (P = 0.274, P = 1.000 and P = 0.632 for genotypic distribution, respectively; P = 0.143, P = 1.000 and P = 0.582 for allele distribution, respectively) were observed, suggesting variants in the HDC gene may play little or no role in TS susceptibility in Chinese Han population. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal reinsurance–investment problem in a constant elasticity of variance stock market for jump‐diffusion risk model
Authors: Liang Zhibin , Yuen Kam Chuen , Cheung Ka Chun
Published: November 2011

In this paper, we consider the jump‐diffusion risk model with proportional reinsurance and stock price process following the constant elasticity of variance model. Compared with the geometric Brownian motion model, the advantage of the constant elasticity of variance model is that the volatility has correlation with the risky asset price, and thus, it can explain the empirical bias exhibited by the Black and Scholes model, such as volatility smile. Here, we study the optimal investment–reinsurance problem of maximizing the expected exponential utility of terminal wealth. By using techniques of stochastic control theory, we are able to derive the explicit expressions for the optimal strategy and value function. Numerical examples are presented to show the impact of model parameters on the optimal strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflamm‐aging of the stem cell niche: Breast cancer as a paradigmatic example
Authors: Bonafè Massimiliano , Storci Gianluca , Franceschi Claudio
Published: November 2011

Inflamm‐aging is a relatively new terminology used to describe the age‐related increase in the systemic pro‐inflammatory status of humans. Here, we represent inflamm‐aging as a breakdown in the multi‐shell cytokine network, in which stem cells and stromal fibroblasts (referred to as the stem cell niche) become pro‐inflammatory cytokine over‐expressing cells due to the accumulation of DNA damage. Inflamm‐aging self‐propagates owing to the capability of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to ignite the DNA‐damage response in other cells surrounding DNA‐damaged cells. Macrophages, the major cellular player in inflamm‐aging, amplify the phenomenon, by broadcasting pro‐inflammatory signals at both local and systemic levels. On the basis of this, we propose that inflamm‐aging is a major contributor to the increase in cancer incidence and progression in aged people. Breast cancer will be presented as a paradigmatic example for this relationship.
The challenge of enzyme cost in the production of lignocellulosic biofuels
Authors: Klein‐Marcuschamer Daniel , Oleskowicz‐Popiel Piotr , Simmons Blake A. , Blanch Harvey W.
Published: November 2011

With the aim of understanding the contribution of enzymes to the cost of lignocellulosic biofuels, we constructed a techno‐economic model for the production of fungal cellulases. We found that the cost of producing enzymes was much higher than that commonly assumed in the literature. For example, the cost contribution of enzymes to ethanol produced by the conversion of corn stover was found to be $0.68/gal if the sugars in the biomass could be converted at maximum theoretical yields, and $1.47/gal if the yields were based on saccharification and fermentation yields that have been previously reported in the scientific literature. We performed a sensitivity analysis to study the effect of feedstock prices and fermentation times on the cost contribution of enzymes to ethanol price. We conclude that a significant effort is still required to lower the contribution of enzymes to biofuel production costs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1083–1087. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of biofilm permeability on bio‐clogging of porous media
Authors: Pintelon Thomas R.R. , Picioreanu Cristian , van Loosdrecht Mark C.M. , Johns Michael L.
Published: November 2011

A 3D Biofilm model, appropriate for complex porous media support structures, is successfully modified such that non‐zero permeability of biofilms structures is enabled. A systematic study is then conducted into the influence of biofilm permeability on overall biomass growth rate. This reveals a significant influence at large biofilm concentrations; even when the permeability of the biomass is 1.25% of that of the free pore space, biomass accumulation increased by a factor of ∼3 over 40 h. The effect is shown to be retained when allowing for biomass detachment or erosion as a consequence of adjacent velocity shear. We conclude that biofilm permeability should be included in biofilm models and that further experimental work is required to better describe the link between biofilm permeability and local microstructure. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1031–1042. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled release of IGF‐I from a biodegradable matrix improves functional recovery of skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Hammers David W. , Sarathy Apurva , Pham Chantal B. , Drinnan Charles T. , Farrar Roger P. , Suggs Laura J.
Published: November 2011

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a considerable insult to skeletal muscle, often resulting in prolonged functional deficits. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the controlled release of the pro‐regenerative growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), from a biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated fibrin gel matrix and the subsequent recovery of skeletal muscle from I/R. To accomplish this, the hind limbs of male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to 2‐h tourniquet‐induced I/R then treated with saline, bolus IGF‐I (bIGF), PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG‐Fib), or IGF‐I conjugated PEGylated fibrin gel (PEG‐Fib‐IGF). Functional and histological evaluations were performed following 14 days of reperfusion, and muscles from 4‐day reperfusion animals were analyzed by Western blotting and histological assessments. There was no difference in functional recovery between saline, bIGF, or PEG‐Fib groups. However, PEG‐Fib‐IGF treatment resulted in significant improvement of muscle function and structure, as observed histologically. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was significantly elevated in PEG‐Fib‐IGF muscles, compared to PEG‐Fib treatment, at 4 days of reperfusion, suggesting involvement of the pathway PI3K/Akt as a mediator of the improved function. Surprisingly, myoblast activity was not evident as a result of PEG‐Fib‐IGF treatment. Taken together, these data give evidence for a protective role for the delivered IGF. These results indicate that PEG‐Fib‐IGF is a viable therapeutic technique in the treatment of skeletal muscle I/R injury. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1051–1059. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of positron emission tomography–computed tomography in predicting survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gillies R S , Middleton M R , Han C , Marshall R E K , Maynard N D , Bradley K M , Gleeson F V
Published: November 2011

Background

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET–CT) is increasingly being used in the staging of oesophageal cancer. Some recent reports suggest it may be used to predict survival. None of these studies, however, reported on the prognostic value of PET–CT performed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment PET–CT could predict survival.

Methods

Consecutive patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent PET–CT before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection were included. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid tumour length and the presence of FDG-avid local lymph nodes were determined for all patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed and multivariable analysis used to identify independent prognostic factors.

Results

A total of 121 patients were included (mean age 63 years, 97 men) of whom 103 underwent surgical resection. On an intention-to-treat basis, overall survival was significantly worse in patients with FDG-avid local lymph nodes (P < 0·001). SUVmax and FDG-avid tumour length did not predict survival (P = 0·276 and P = 0·713 respectively). The presence of FDG-avid local lymph nodes was an independent predictor of poor overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) 4·75, 95 per cent confidence interval 2·14 to 10·54; P < 0·001) and disease-free survival (HR 2·97, 1·40 to 6·30; P = 0·004).

Conclusion

The presence of FDG-avid lymph nodes, but not SUVmax or FDG-avid tumour length, was an independent adverse prognostic factor.
ChemInform Abstract: Bonding Situation in “Early‐Late” Transition Metal Complexes Cl3M—M′(PCl3)4 (M: Ti, Zr, Hf; M′: Co, Rh, Ir) —Theoretical Study for a Ligand Fine Tuning of M—M′ Bonds
Authors: Takagi Nozomi , Krapp Andreas , Frenking Gernot
Published: November 2011

DFT calculations
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism in Alkali Metal Uranyl Nitrates: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of γ‐K(UO2)(NO3)3.
Authors: Jouffret Laurent J. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Burns Peter C.
Published: November 2011

The title compound is obtained hydrothermally from an aqueous solution containing UO2(NO3)2, V2O5, HCl, and KOH (autoclave, 220 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: [Te8]2[Ta4O4Cl16]: A Two‐Dimensional Tellurium Polycation Obtained via Ionic Liquid‐Based Synthesis.
Authors: Freudenmann Dominic , Feldmann Claus
Published: November 2011

Black crystals of the title compound are prepared from a mixture of Te, TeCl4, TaOCl3, and TaCl5 in the ionic liquid [bmim]Cl (sealed glass tubes,190 °C, 10 d; ≈35% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic, Structural, and Spectroscopic Investigations of K3Nb8O21‐Type Complex Oxides K3MTa7O21 (M: Ti, Zr).
Authors: Odynets Ievgen V. , Babaryk Artem A. , Baumer Vyacheslav N. , Slobodyanik Nikolay S. , Shiskin Oleg V.
Published: November 2011

The title compounds are prepared by a flux‐supported synthesis in molten K2Mo2O7 starting with a mixture of K2CO3, TiO2 or ZrO2, Ta2O5, and MoO3 (Pt crucible, 1373 K, 18 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Structural Characterization of RuII‐DMSO and RuIII‐DMSO‐Substituted α‐Keggin‐Type Phosphotungstates, [PW11O39RuIIDMSO]5‐ and [PW11O39RuIIIDMSO]4‐, and Catalytic Activity for Water Oxidation.
Authors: Sadakane Masahiro , et al. et al.
Published: November 2011

The RuII‐ and RuIII‐substituted α‐Keggin‐type phosphotungstates (IV) and (V) are characterized by XANES, cyclic voltammetry, UV/VIS, IR, 31P NMR, 183W NMR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Unstabilized N‐Methyl Azomethine Ylide to Nitrobenzene Anellated with Azoles.
Authors: Starosotnikov Alexey M. , Bastrakov Maxim A. , Pechenkin Sergey Yu. , Leontieva Margarita A. , Kachala Vadim V. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A.
Published: November 2011

A general method for the synthesis of the compounds (IV) and (VI) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐ and Sulfonamide‐Promoted Wittig Olefination Reactions in Water.
Authors: McNulty James , McLeod David
Published: November 2011

Substituted stilbenes and cinnamate esters are readily available in high yield and (E)‐stereoselectivity using the title protocol.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Radical Bromoallylation of Allenes Leading to 2‐Bromo‐Substituted 1,5‐Dienes.
Authors: Kippo Takashi , Fukuyama Takahide , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: November 2011

The process is applied to various substrates to produce highly functionalized diene structures of synthetic importance.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Sahli Zeyneb , Sundararaju Basker , Achard Mathieu , Brunea Christian
Published: November 2011

The reaction of the primary amine (IIa) with 1 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage in the Oxidation of Cyclopropenylcarbinols.
Authors: Basheer Ahmad , Mishima Masaaki , Marek Ilan
Published: November 2011

Substrates with aliphatic substituents at the cyclopropenyl core undergo oxidation with formation of 2 ketols [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroanalogues of DDT: Superacidic BF3—H2O Catalyzed Facile Synthesis of 1,1,1‐Trifluoro‐2,2‐diarylethanes and 1,1‐Difluoro‐2,2‐diarylethanes.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Paknia Farzaneh , Mathew Thomas , Mloston Gzregorz , Joschek Jens P. , Olah George A.
Published: November 2011

The reaction substrate (I) with various arenes is mediated by BF3·Et2O or TFA with comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridines in One Step From Hydantoins via Red‐Al Mediated Ring‐Contraction.
Authors: von Kieseritzky Fredrik , Lindstroem Johan
Published: November 2011

The use of excess Red‐Al, elevated temperatures and long reaction times favor the formation of aziridines over imidazolidinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Deacylative Cycloisomerization Reactions of 3‐Acylindole/ynes: A New Approach for Carbazole Synthesis.
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Guijie , Liu Yuanhong
Published: November 2011

Under conditions A), ring closure to carbazole structures is accompanied by fragmentation which results in loss of an acylium ion intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Thioureas via Mannich Reaction and Concise Synthesis of Highly Optically Active Methylthioimidazolines: Discovery of a More Potent Antipyretic Agent.
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Wang Yiqing , Zhang Gen , Fu Dan , Zhang Futing , Kai Ming , Wang Rui
Published: November 2011

Biologically active methylthioimidazolines are obtained by reaction of (III) with MeI.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Spiro[1,4,2‐dioxazole‐5,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐one by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Bouhfid Rachid , Joly Nicolas , Essassi El Mokhtar , Lequart Vincent , Massoui Mohamed , Martin Patrick
Published: November 2011

of isatin derivatives with nitrile oxide derived from benzaldoxime (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,N‐Diaryl‐2‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxamides.
Authors: Gein V. L. , Kazantseva M. I. , Kurbatova A. A.
Published: November 2011

The three‐component condensation of cyclohexanedione (I) with aromatic benzaldehydes (II) and N‐arylacetoacetamides (III) in the presence of ammonium acetate proceeds under solvent‐free conditions in short reaction times to afford title compounds (IV) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Highly Efficient Iron Catalyst for a [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition to Form Pyridines.
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , Li Xincheng , Wu Fan , Wan Boshun
Published: November 2011

Cycloaddition of various diynes with unactivated nitriles occurs in the presence of a new catalyst system using zinc dust as reductant.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reactions of N‐para‐Tolylamides Through Successive C—H Activation: Synthesis of 4H‐3,1‐Benzoxazines.
Authors: Xiong Tao , Li Yan , Bi Xihe , Lv Yunhe , Zhang Qian
Published: November 2011

The reaction occurs in the presence of Selectfluor and water by successive intermolecular C—H activated dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction of benzylic methyl C(sp3)—H and aromatic C(sp2)—H bonds, and subsequent intramolecular C—O bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Insecticidal Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of 1,5‐Disubstituted‐1,3,5‐hexahydrotriazine‐2‐(N‐nitro)imines.
Authors: Sun Chuan‐Wen , Wang Hai‐Feng , Zhu Jun , Yang Ding‐Rong , Jin Jia , Xing Jia‐Hua
Published: November 2011

All synthesized compounds are screened in vitro for their insecticidal activity against Pseudaletia separate Walker.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Selenium Dichloride with Allyl Phenyl Ether.
Authors: Musalov M. V. , Potapov V. A. , Amosova S. V.
Published: November 2011

The regio‐ and stereoselective reaction of selenium dichloride with allyl phenyl ether (I) yields a new heterocyclic compound, dihydrobenzoxaselenine (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Flueggines A and B, Two New Dimeric Indolizidine Alkaloids from Flueggea virosa.
Authors: Wang Ying , et al. et al.
Published: November 2011

The title compounds exhibit growth inhibitory activity against three different human breast cancer lines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Membrane‐Permeant cADPR Antagonist Modified in the Pyrophosphate Bridge.
Authors: Qi N. , Jung K. , Wang M. , Na L. X. , Yang Z. J. , Zhang L. R. , Guse A. H. , Zhang L. H.
Published: November 2011

The title compound (I) and its epimer with (S) configuration at the chiral phosphorus atom show different biological activities with regard to Ca2+ signaling.
ChemInform Abstract: Osteogenic Constituents from Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Flowers.
Authors: Dixit Preety , Khan Mohd Parvez , Swarnkar Gaurav , Chattopadhyay N. , Maurya Rakesh
Published: November 2011

Isolation and identification of two new (I), (II), and new lactone (III), pterospermins A‐C, along with 14 known compounds are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Pharmacological Evaluation of PF‐4840154, a Non‐Electrophilic Reference Agonist of the TrpA1 Channel.
Authors: Ryckmans Thomas , et al. et al.
Published: November 2011

Conduction of a high throughput screening leads to the identification of a novel class of non‐covalent TrpA1 agonists that is utilized as a replacement for the well established yet problematic reference agonist Mustard Oil.
ChemInform Abstract: Relaxation Dynamics of Dysprosium(III) Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Guo Yun‐Nan , Xu Gong‐Feng , Guo Yang , Tang Jinkui
Published: November 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetism in Semiconductors and Oxides. Prospects from a Ten Years′ Perspective
Authors: Dietl Tomasz
Published: November 2011

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Nanoparticles: Study of Magnetic Heating and Adsorption/Desorption for Biomedical and Environmental Applications
Authors: Pham Hoai Linh , Do Hung Manh , Tran Dai Lam , Le Van Hong , Nguyen Xuan Phuc , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Nguyen Thanh Ngoc , Vu Anh Tuan
Published: November 2011

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Nanoparticles: New Synthetic and Characterization Methods and Catalytic Applications.
Authors: Myers V. Sue , Weir Michael G. , Carino Emily V. , Yancey David F. , Pande Surojit , Crooks Richard M.
Published: November 2011

Review: new results since last review in 2005; 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Natural Products — Function First
Authors: Phillips Andrew J.
Published: November 2011

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chirospecific Synthesis: Catalysis and Chiral Pool Hand in Hand
Authors: Koskinen Ari M. P.
Published: November 2011

Review: 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hierarchical Zeolites: Materials with Improved Accessibility and Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Serrano D. P. , Aguado J. , Escola J. M.
Published: November 2011

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Reactions Studied by Angle‐Resolved Product Desorption
Authors: Matsushima Tatsuo , Shobatake Kosuke
Published: November 2011

Review: 160 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferroquine: A Concealed Weapon
Authors: Biot Christophe , Pradines Bruno , Dive Daniel
Published: November 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Epoxidation of Alkenes
Authors: Adolfsson Hans
Published: November 2011

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Epoxidations of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: November 2011

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions of Heteroatoms to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zhang Shilei , Wang Wei
Published: November 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enamines in Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Additions
Authors: Rios Ramon , Moyano Albert
Published: November 2011

Review: 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nitrogen Oxides: Persistent Radicals and Van Der Waals Complex Dimers
Authors: Bohle D. Scott
Published: November 2011

Review: 247 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Properties of Haloimidazoles
Authors: Aleksandrova E. V. , Kravchenko A. N. , Kochergin P. M.
Published: November 2011

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Romidepsin (Istodax, NSC 630176, FR901228, FK228, Depsipeptide): A Natural Product Recently Approved for Cutaneous T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: VanderMolen Karen M. , McCulloch William , Pearce Cedric J. , Oberlies Nicholas H.
Published: November 2011

Review: discovery, mechanism of action, synthetic studies; 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation: Alternative to Classic Cross‐Coupling Chemistry and a Fruitful Synthetic Tool for the Access to Novative Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Popowycz Florence , Metay Estelle , Lemaire Marc
Published: November 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy to the Study of Cheese and Other Fermented, Solid and Semi‐Solid Dairy Products
Authors: Fagan Colette C. , O'Donnell Colm P.
Published: November 2011

Review: 66 refs.
Equivalent lightness of elderlies investigated by cataract experiencing goggles
Authors: Wongsompipatana Patarin , Ikeda Mitsuo , Katemake Pichayada
Published: November 2011

People get cataract in their eyes when they age. The color perceived by the senile cataract eyes desaturates because of the environment light that scatters in the eyes by the hazy crystalline lenses. We investigated the effect of the desaturation on brightness of objects in terms of the equivalent lightness , which is composed of the achromatic lightness and the chromatic lightness . If the color desaturates, becomes smaller and consequently becomes smaller in the cataract eyes. with and without cataract experiencing goggles at room illuminances to cover mesopic to photopic level was measured. Red, yellow, green, and blue patches of size 2° × 2° arc of the visual angle were investigated with the direct heterochromatic brightness matching between the color patches and a gray scale. Both took about the same value. with goggles was then transferred to the final where the matching gray scale was observed without goggles to express the equivalent lightness of cataract eyes by the gray scale perceived by normal eyes. with goggles was lower than without goggles by about 10 L* units in all the four colors. This reduction was almost equal to the reduction of L* by the reduced transmittance of the goggles showing that there was no effect of color desaturation. The color appearance in the color patches was measured by the elementary color naming method, and the results clearly showed the color desaturation with goggles implying decrease of . We concluded that the scattered environment light compensated the decrease of to keep the brightness of stimuli unchanged. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 38, 267–276, 2013
Endothelial paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) play a critical role in neutrophil transmigration
Authors: Parsons Sean A. , Sharma Ritu , Roccamatisi Dawn L. , Zhang Hong , Petri Björn , Kubes Paul , Colarusso Pina , Patel Kamala D.
Published: November 2011

During an inflammatory response, endothelial cells undergo morphological changes to allow for the passage of neutrophils from the blood vessel to the site of injury or infection. Although endothelial cell junctions and the cytoskeleton undergo reorganization during inflammation, little is known about another class of cellular structures, the focal adhesions. In this study, we examined several focal adhesion proteins during an inflammatory response. We found that there was selective loss of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) from focal adhesions in proximity to transmigrating neutrophils; in contrast the levels of the focal adhesion proteins β1‐integrin and vinculin were unaffected. Paxillin was lost from focal adhesions during neutrophil transmigration both under static and flow conditions. Down‐regulating endothelial paxillin with siRNA blocked neutrophil transmigration while having no effect on rolling or adhesion. As paxillin dynamics are regulated partly by FAK, the role of FAK in neutrophil transmigration was examined using two complementary methods. siRNA was used to down‐regulate total FAK protein while dominant‐negative, kinase‐deficient FAK was expressed to block FAK signaling. Disruption of the FAK protein or FAK signaling decreased neutrophil transmigration. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel role for endothelial focal adhesion proteins paxillin and FAK in regulating neutrophil transmigration.
Catalytic pyrolysis of waste melamine coated chipboard
Authors: Özbay Günay , Özçifçi Ayhan , Karagöz Selhan
Published: November 2011

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste melamine coated chipboard was performed in a fixed‐bed reactor at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C and a residence time of 1 h. The effects of temperature and catalysts on both product distribution and bio‐oil composition were discussed. Lewis acids (AlCl3, TiCl4, and FeCl3), bases (NaOH and KOH), and basic salts (Na2CO3 and K2CO3) were used as catalysts in the pyrolysis process. The product distributions were changed depending on both the type of catalyst and temperature. Bio‐oil obtained from the pyrolysis of melamine coated chipboard contained a large variety of oxygenated hydrocarbons. Phenols were found to be the major compounds identified in bio‐oils for all tested runs. The bio‐oils produced by Lewis acids contained aldehydes. However, the bio‐oils obtained from the thermal run, the run with bases, and the run with basic salts did not contain these compounds. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 156–161, 2013.
EGRI and FOSB gene expressions in cancer stroma are independent prognostic indicators for epithelial ovarian cancer receiving standard therapy
Authors: Kataoka Fumio , Tsuda Hiroshi , Arao Tokuzo , Nishimura Sadako , Tanaka Hideo , Nomura Hiroyuki , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Hirasawa Akira , Akahane Tomoko , Nishio Hiroshi , Nishio Kazuto , Aoki Daisuke
Published: November 2011

Stromal components interact with cancer cells to promote growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to identify genes expressed in stroma, which could provide prognostic information in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Seventy‐four patients were included. We performed gene expression profiling and confirmed array data using RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. By microarray analysis, 52 candidate genes associated with progression free survival (PFS) were identified (P < 0.005). Expression of the early growth response 1 (EGR1) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) genes was further analyzed. Array data were confirmed by RT‐PCR and multivariate analysis demonstrated that both EGR1 and FOSB expression in cancer stroma, and EGR1 expression in cancer are independent prognostic factors in EOC. Immunohistochemically, EGR1 protein is localized in cancer cells and α‐smooth muscle actin positive stromal fibroblasts. The EGR1 and FOSB expression in stromal cells and EGR1 expression in cancer cells are prognostic indicators in EOC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protease-activated receptor 2 promotes experimental liver fibrosis in mice and activates human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Knight Virginia , Tchongue Jorge , Lourensz Dinushka , Tipping Peter , Sievert William
Published: November 2011

Protease-activated receptor (PAR) 2 is a G-protein–coupled receptor that is activated after proteolytic cleavage by serine proteases, including mast cell tryptase and activated coagulation factors. PAR-2 activation augments inflammatory and profibrotic pathways through the induction of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. Thus, PAR-2 represents an important interface linking coagulation and inflammation. PAR-2 is widely expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), endothelial cells, and hepatic macrophages; however, its role in liver fibrosis has not been previously examined. We studied the development of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in PAR-2 knockout mice, and showed that PAR-2 deficiency reduced the progression of liver fibrosis, hepatic collagen gene expression, and hydroxyproline content. Reduced fibrosis was associated with decreased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) gene and protein expression and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression. In addition, PAR-2 stimulated activation, proliferation, collagen production, and TGFβ protein production by human stellate cells, indicating that hepatic PAR-2 activation increases profibrogenic cytokines and collagen production both

in vivo

and

in vitro

.

Conclusion :

Our findings demonstrate the capacity of PAR-2 activation to augment TGFβ production and promote hepatic fibrosis in mice and to induce a profibrogenic phenotype in human HSCs. PAR-2 antagonists have recently been developed and may represent a novel therapeutic approach in preventing fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.
Preliminary findings on the use of metadoxine for the treatment of alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Leggio Lorenzo , Kenna George A. , Ferrulli Anna , Zywiak William H. , Caputo Fabio , Swift Robert M. , Addolorato Giovanni
Published: November 2011

Objective

Metadoxine is approved in Europe for alcohol intoxication and is also indicated for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). This study aims to investigate the use of metadoxine as a potential pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence (AD).

Methods

This is a retrospective study of 94 outpatients with AD, who received metadoxine for alcohol intoxication and were assessed for alcohol consumption, craving [Visual Analog Scale (VAS)] and liver‐related and alcohol‐related biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume].

Results

Range of metadoxine dose was 500–2000 mg/day, with a mean dose of 1277(s.d.290) mg/day, and for a period of 2–42 days, with a mean period of 8.9(s.d.7.0) days. Follow‐up data were available for 52 patients (55.3%); 35(67.3%) patients were completely abstinent. There was a significant decrease in drinks per week, even after substituting baseline drinking as follow‐up data for dropouts (p < 0.001) and examining drinking pre‐treatment and post‐treatment for those who did not achieve abstinence (p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the VAS (p < 0.001) and a significant improvement in the AST/ALT ratio (p = 0.03).

Discussion

Despite important limitations, this study represents a further preliminary observation suggesting metadoxine as a novel alcohol pharmacotherapy, including in alcohol‐dependent patients with ALD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquid Quasicrystals
Authors: Ungar Goran , Percec Virgil , Zeng Xiangbing , Leowanawat Pawaret
Published: November 2011

In the first part, this brief review discusses the discovery of the first example of supramolecular dendritic liquid quasicrystal, which represents also the first example of soft quasicrystal. In the second part, we show that soft quasicrystals generated from supramolecular spheres are scattered through libraries of self‐assembling dendrons, dendrimers, and dendronized polymers. The supramolecular spheres forming soft quasicrystals are generated via at least two different mechanisms, and are chiral. Generation of quasicrystals from other organic building blocks is also discussed. Finally, potential applications in electronics, sensors, and as ionic liquid‐based nanoreactors are also mentioned.
Toward a method for analyzing series of clinical cases
Authors: Guedeney Antoine
Published: November 2011

This article describes the development of this special issue, and emphasizes the need for a methodology to gather and summarize clinical experience and meta‐analyze clinical cases.
Adding some notes to the “Music of Containment”. Discussion of paper: “The Music of Containment: Addressing the participants in mother–infant psychoanalytic treatment”
Authors: Moggio Françoise
Published: November 2011

Thinking about the psychoanalytical process in parent–infant psychotherapy is the purpose of Björn Salomonsson's article. He proposes to consider that containment is the core of the treatment and that musicality is his main vehicle. His thought is linked with the research on primary intersubjectivity and is so exciting for all the parent–infant therapists. For myself, I emphasize the use of the psychoanalytical concept of affects rather than emotions, and I present my understanding of the transference phenomena with the part of the infantile sexuality of all the participants.
Clinical challenges of adoption: Views from Montreal and Tel Aviv
Authors: St‐André Martin , Keren Miri
Published: November 2011

Adoption is accompanied by well‐known risk factors that contribute to unique clinical challenges for children, parents, and clinicians. Adoption also serves to illustrate issues that remain relatively “silent” in the typical transition to parenthood. In this article, the authors review the normal developmental challenges that parents face during adoption, the adoption‐related risk factors that may impinge on the child's development and attachment process, and the impact of adoption on the child's development of identity and filiations. We will review and illustrate clinical conditions often associated with adoption. In many countries, adoptive parents are reluctant to consult mental health clinicians during the first year of the adoption. The cases presented here illustrates the need to implement routine clinical programs for early detection and intervention of adoptive parent–infant dyads and triads at risk.
Contribution of individual PKC isoforms to breast cancer progression
Authors: Urtreger Alejandro J. , Kazanietz Marcelo G. , Bal de Kier Joffé Elisa D.
Published: November 2011

The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases has been intensively studied in cancer since their discovery as major receptors for the tumor‐promoting phorbol esters. The contribution of each individual PKC isozyme to malignant transformation is only partially understood, but it is clear that each PKC plays different role in cancer progression. PKC deregulation is a common phenomenon observed in breast cancer, and PKC expression and localization are usually dynamically regulated during mammary gland differentiation and involution. In fact, the overexpression of several PKCs has been reported in malignant human breast tissue and breast cancer cell lines. In this review, we summarize the knowledge available on the specific roles of PKC isoforms in the development, progression, and metastatic dissemination of mammary cancer. We also discuss the role of PKC isoforms as therapeutic targets, and their potential as markers for prognosis or treatment response. © 2011 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2011.
Toxicokinetic study of melamine in the presence and absence of cyanuric acid in rats
Authors: Pang Jing , Li Guo‐Qing , Li Cong‐Ran , Yang Xin‐Yi , Lu Xi , Hu Xin‐Xin , Zhai Qian‐Qian , Zhang Wei‐Xin , Jiang Jian‐Dong , You Xue‐Fu
Published: November 2011

Several lines of evidence show that the nephrotoxic effect of melamine (MEL) in animals is consistent with combined ingestion of MEL and cyanuric acid (CYA). The aim of the present study was to compare the toxicokinetics of MEL in the presence and absence of CYA, and to elucidate the correlation between toxicity and kinetic properties of MEL. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered a single oral dose of MEL (100 mg kg−1) with or without CYA (100 mg kg−1). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric (LC–MS/MS) assay. Significant changes in toxicokinetic parameters of MEL such as lower maximum concentration (7.4 ± 3.5 vs 78.0 ± 11.0 µg ml−1) and area under curve (94.9 ± 53.5 vs 295.1 ± 93.7 µg h ml−1), higher plasma elimination half‐life (7.0 ± 3.3 vs 2.5 ± 0.3 h) and volume of distribution (11 505.5 ± 5030.3 vs 1312.7 ± 337.7 ml kg−1), as well as significantly higher concentration of MEL in rat kidney (2.96–274.15 vs < 1 µg g−1) were detected in the CYA co‐administration group when compared with MEL alone group (P < 0.05). The differences in kinetic parameters between the two groups meant that CYA co‐administration could lower absorption, slow excretion and induce tissue accumulation of MEL, which correlated well with the generation and development of renal toxicity. In conclusion, co‐administration with CYA leads to the alteration of the kinetic characteristics of MEL, which provides an additional explanation for renal toxicity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypothesis Prolactin is tumorigenic to human breast: dispelling the myth that prolactin‐induced mammary tumors are rodent‐specific
Authors: Harvey Philip W.
Published: November 2011

The commonly held assumption that rodent mammary tumors resulting from elevated prolactin are species‐specific, or not biologically relevant to humans, is incorrect. Substantial epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence now exists confirming the role of prolactin in human breast cancer. This evidence is evaluated and the argument presented that the tumorigenic risk from prolactin is therefore not species‐specific to rodents but directly applies to humans. Further, as the mechanisms of prolactin‐induced mammary tumor promotion and development appear analogous between rodents and humans, mammary tumorigenic findings in rodent carcinogenicity bioassays are both predictive and biologically relevant to the human response. Toxicologists and regulators need to consider this in carcinogenicity risk assessments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the effects of HIV‐1 Tat on the survival and differentiation of vessel wall‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Gibellini Davide , Miserocchi Anna , Tazzari Pier Luigi , Ricci Francesca , Clò Alberto , Morini Silvia , Ponti Cristina , Pasquinelli Gianandrea , Bon Isabella , Pagliaro Pasqualepaolo , Borderi Marco , Re Maria Carla
Published: November 2011

HIV infection is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular damage. As vessel wall mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the regulation of vessel structure homeostasis, we investigated the role of Tat, a key factor in HIV replication and pathogenesis, in MSC survival and differentiation. The survival of subconfluent MSCs was impaired when Tat was added at high concentrations (200–1,000 ng/ml), whereas lower Tat concentrations (1–100 ng/ml) did not promote apoptosis. Tat enhanced the differentiation of MSC toward adipogenesis by the transcription and activity upregulation of PPARγ. This Tat‐related modulation of adipogenesis was tackled by treatment with antagonists of Tat‐specific receptors such as SU5416 and RGD Fc. In contrast, Tat inhibited the differentiation of MSCs to endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of VEGF‐induced endothelial markers such as Flt‐1, KDR, and vWF. The treatment of MSCs with Tat‐derived peptides corresponding to the cysteine‐rich, basic, and RGD domains indicated that these Tat regions are involved in the inhibition of endothelial marker expression. The Tat‐related impairment of MSC survival and differentiation might play an important role in vessel damage and formation of the atherosclerotic lesions observed in HIV‐infected patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1132–1141, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RGD peptide‐modified adenovirus expressing hepatocyte growth factor and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis improves islet transplantation
Authors: Wu Hao , Yoon A.‐Rum , Li Feng , Yun Chae‐Ok , Mahato Ram I.
Published: November 2011

Background

Islet transplantation has the potential for treating type I diabetes; however, its widespread clinical application is limited by the massive apoptotic cell death and poor revascularization of transplanted islet grafts.

Methods

We constructed a surface‐modified adenoviral vector with RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp) sequences encoding human X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis and hepatocyte growth factor (RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP). In vitro transgene expression in human islets was determined by enzyme‐liniked immunosorbent assay. RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP‐transduced human islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic NOD/SCID mice. The blood glucose levels of mice were measured weekly. The kidneys bearing islets were isolated at the end of the experiment and subjected to immunofluorescence staining.

Results

The transduction efficiency on human islets was significantly improved using RGD‐modified adenovirus. HGF and XIAP gene expressions were dose‐dependent after viral transduction. When exposed to a cocktail of inflammatory cytokines, RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP‐transduced human islets showed decreased caspase 3 activity and reduced apoptotic cell death. Prolonged normoglycemic control could be achieved by transplanting RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP‐transduced human islets. Immunofluorescence staining of kidney sections bearing RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP‐transduced islets was positive for insulin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) at 200 days after transplantation.

Conclusions

These results indicated that ex vivo transduction of islets with RGD‐Adv‐hHGF‐hXIAP decreased apoptotic islet cell death and improved islet revascularization, and eventually might improve the outcome of human islet transplantation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MR perfusion imaging using the arterial spin labeling technique for breast cancer
Authors: Kawashima Miho , Katada Yoshiaki , Shukuya Toshiro , Kojima Makoto , Nozaki Miwako
Published: November 2011

Purpose:

To investigate the feasibility of perfusion imaging using an arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique for breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

Thirteen female patients with primary breast cancers were included in this study. All examinations were performed on 1.5 Tesla MRI systems. Visual evaluations of the colored perfusion map and MRI perfusion values were assessed. MRI and computed tomography (CT) perfusion values were compared.

Results:

Thirteen of 14 tumor lesions could be visualized on the colored perfusion map. CT perfusion examinations were performed in eight breasts, and the relationship between the blood flow values of CT perfusion and of MR perfusion showed a significant correlation.

Conclusion:

Nonenhanced MR imaging by an ASL technique is valid for depicting breast cancer, and the MR perfusion value is thought to be helpful for quantitative diagnosis of breast cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;436‐440. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Induction of protective immunity in a syrian hamster model against a cytopathogenic strain of andes virus
Authors: Martinez Valeria Paula , Padula Paula Julieta
Published: November 2011

Andes virus (ANDV) is responsible for the Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome cases in Argentina and neighboring countries, with moderate to high case‐fatality rates. ANDV has some particular features, which make it unique among other members of the Hantavirus genus such as person‐to‐person transmission and causing a disease similar to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in the hamster as an animal model. The kinetics of replication in Vero E6 cells of an ANDV strain isolated in Argentina, called Andes/ARG, was studied. Cytopathic effect and the formation of clear plaques were observed and therefore Andes/ARG could be quantified by classic plaque assay. The Andes/ARG strain was found to be highly lethal in Syrian hamsters allowing experiments to demonstrate the protective potential of vaccines. A recombinant nucleocapsid protein of ANDV induced a long lasting antibody response and protective immunity against a homologous challenge, but to a lower extent against heterologous challenge by the Seoul virus. J. Med. Virol. 84:87–95, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a hydrogel based breast biopsy marker (HydroMARK®) as an alternative to wire and radioactive seed localization for non‐palpable breast lesions
Authors: Klein Rebecca L. , Mook Julie A. , Euhus David M. , Rao Roshni , Wynn Ralph T. , Eastman Amy B. , Leitch A. Marilyn
Published: November 2011

Background and Objectives

HydroMARK® is a newly available biopsy marker for image‐guided needle biopsies of non‐palpable breast lesions. Objective was to determine if the marker could be utilized independently for lesion localization using intra‐operative ultrasound alone.

Methods

A single institution retrospective review identified patients who underwent surgical excision of breast lesions after placement of the HydroMARK®. Endpoints included intra‐operative visualization of the marker, successful excision of the lesion, and presence of the marker on specimen radiograph.

Results

The study included 31 lesions in 25 patients. Twenty‐nine (93.6%) HydroMARKSs® were adequately visualized by intra‐operative ultrasound. Intra‐operative ultrasound without pre‐operative placement of a localizing device was successful for localization in six cases (19.4%). Intra‐operative difficulties were encountered in 16 of 31 (51.6%) procedures. This included either extrusion of the marker when the biopsy tract was transected in 14 (45.2%) cases or migration of the marker prior to the procedure in two (6.4%) cases. The marker was visualized on specimen radiograph in 15 (48.4%) cases.

Conclusions

While intraoperative sonographic visibility was excellent, a large number of excisions were associated with extrusion of the marker. Modifications are needed to improve acceptability of this marker for intra‐operative localization independent of pre‐operative wire or seed localization. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:591–594. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Star‐Shaped Poly((9‐carbazolyl)methylthiirane): A New Polymer for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Swinarew Andrzej , Piekarnik Beata , Grobelny Zbigniew , Stolarzewicz Andrzej , Simokaitienė Jurate , Andrikaityte Egle , Gražulevičius Juozas V.
Published: November 2011

Summary: The polymerization of (9‐carbazolyl)methylthiirane in the presence of cyclic oligo(potassium glycidoxide) as the macroinitiator activated 18‐crown‐6 leads to polythioether with the molecular masses relatively near to the calculated ones. This polythioether dispersed in a commercially available transparent polymer gives a new blue photoluminescent material.