bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom
Authors: Forde Elizabeth , Gallagher Martin , Foot Virginia , Sarda-Esteve Roland , Crawford Ian , Kaye Paul , Stanley Warren , Topping David
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are an abundant subset of
atmospheric aerosol particles which comprise viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, pollen,
and fragments such as plant and animal debris. The abundance and diversity of these
particles remain poorly constrained, causing significant uncertainties for modelling
scenarios and for understanding the potential implications of these particles in
different environments. PBAP concentrations were studied at four different sites in the
United Kingdom (Weybourne, Davidstow, Capel Dewi, and Chilbolton) using an ultraviolet
light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) instrument, the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol
Spectrometer (WIBS), versions 3 and 4. Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster (HAC) analysis, particles were statistically
discriminated. Fluorescent particles and clusters were then analysed by comparing to
laboratory data of known particle types, assessing their diurnal variation and examining
their relationship to the meteorological variables temperature, relative humidity, wind
speed, and wind direction. Using local land cover types, sources of the suspected
fluorescent particles and clusters were then identified. Most sites exhibited a wet discharged fungal spore dominance, with the
exception of one site, Davidstow, which had higher concentrations of
bacteria, suggested to result from the presence of a local dairy factory and
farm. Differences were identified as to the sources of wet discharged fungal
spores, with particles originating from arable and horticultural land at
Chilbolton, and improved grassland areas at Weybourne. Total fluorescent
particles at Capel Dewi were inferred to comprise two sources, with bacteria
originating from the broadleaf and coniferous woodland and wet discharged
fungal spores from nearby improved grassland areas, similar to Weybourne. The use of the HAC method and a higher fluorescence threshold (9 standard deviations
instead of 3) produced clusters which were
considered to be biological following the complete analysis. More published data and
information on the reaction of different speciated biological particle types to
fluctuations in meteorological conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature,
would aid particle type characterisation in studies such as this.
Biomass-burning smoke heights over the Amazon observed from space
Authors: Gonzalez-Alonso Laura , Val Martin Maria , Kahn Ralph A.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. We characterise the vertical distribution of biomass-burning emissions across the Amazon during the
biomass-burning season (July–November) with an extensive climatology of
smoke plumes derived from MISR and MODIS (2005–2012) and CALIOP (2006–2012)
observations. Smoke plume heights exhibit substantial variability, spanning a
few hundred metres up to 6 km above the terrain. However, the majority of
the smoke is located at altitudes below 2.5 km. About 60 % of smoke
plumes are observed in drought years, 40 %–50 % at the peak month of
the burning season (September) and 94 % over tropical forest and savanna
regions, with respect to the total number of smoke plume observations. At the
time of the MISR observations (10:00–11:00 LT), the highest plumes are
detected over grassland fires (with an averaged maximum plume height of
∼1100 m) and the lowest plumes occur over tropical forest fires
(∼800 m). A similar pattern is found later in the day
(14:00–15:00 LT) with CALIOP, although at higher altitudes (2300 m
grassland vs. 2000 m tropical forest), as CALIOP typically detects smoke at
higher altitudes due to its later overpass time, associated with a deeper
planetary boundary layer, possibly more energetic fires, and greater
sensitivity to thin aerosol layers. On average, 3 %–20 % of the
fires inject smoke into the free troposphere; this percentage tends to
increase toward the end of the burning season (November: 15 %–40 %).
We find a well-defined seasonal cycle between MISR plume heights, MODIS fire
radiative power and atmospheric stability across the main biomes of the
Amazon, with higher smoke plumes, more intense fires and reduced atmospheric
stability conditions toward the end of the burning season. Lower smoke plume
heights are detected during drought (800 m) compared to non-drought
(1100 m) conditions, in particular over tropical forest and savanna fires.
Drought conditions favour understory fires over tropical forest, which tend
to produce smouldering combustion and low smoke injection heights. Droughts
also seem to favour deeper boundary layers and the percentage of smoke plumes
that reach the free troposphere is lower during these dry conditions.
Consistent with previous studies, the MISR mid-visible aerosol optical depth
demonstrates that smoke makes a significant contribution to the total aerosol
loading over the Amazon, which in combination with lower injection heights in
drought periods has important implications for air quality. This work
highlights the importance of biome type, fire properties and atmospheric and
drought conditions for plume dynamics and smoke loading. In addition, our
study demonstrates the value of combining observations of MISR and CALIOP
constraints on the vertical distribution of smoke from biomass burning over
the Amazon.
Evidence for a major missing source in the global chloromethane budget from stable carbon isotopes
Authors: Bahlmann Enno , Keppler Frank , Wittmer Julian , Greule Markus , Schöler Heinz Friedrich , Seifert Richard , Zetzsch Cornelius
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Chloromethane
(CH3Cl) is the most important natural input of reactive chlorine to
the stratosphere, contributing about 16 % to stratospheric ozone
depletion. Due to the phase-out of anthropogenic emissions of
chlorofluorocarbons, CH3Cl will largely control future levels of
stratospheric chlorine. The tropical rainforest is commonly assumed to be the strongest single
CH3Cl source, contributing over half of the global annual emissions
of about 4000 to 5000 Gg (1 Gg = 109 g). This source shows a
characteristic carbon isotope fingerprint, making isotopic investigations a
promising tool for improving its atmospheric budget. Applying carbon isotopes
to better constrain the atmospheric budget of CH3Cl requires sound
information on the kinetic isotope effects for the main sink processes: the
reaction with OH and Cl in the troposphere. We conducted photochemical
CH3Cl degradation experiments in a 3500 dm3 smog chamber to
determine the carbon isotope effect (ε=k13C/k12C-1) for the reaction of CH3Cl with OH
and Cl. For the reaction of CH3Cl with OH, we determined an
ε value of (-11.2±0.8) ‰ (n=3) and for the
reaction with Cl we found an ε value of (-10.2±0.5) ‰ (n=1), which is 5 to 6 times smaller than previously
reported. Our smaller isotope effects are strongly supported by the lack of
any significant seasonal covariation in previously reported tropospheric
δ13C(CH3Cl) values with the OH-driven seasonal cycle in
tropospheric mixing ratios. Applying these new values for the carbon isotope effect to the global
CH3Cl budget using a simple two hemispheric box model, we derive a
tropical rainforest CH3Cl source of (670±200) Gg a−1,
which is considerably smaller than previous estimates. A revision of
previous bottom-up estimates, using above-ground biomass instead of
rainforest area, strongly supports this lower estimate. Finally, our results
suggest a large unknown CH3Cl source of (1530±200) Gg a−1.
Retrieving the age of air spectrum from tracers: principle and method
Authors: Podglajen Aurélien , Ploeger Felix
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Surface-emitted tracers with different dependencies on transit time (e.g.,
due to chemical loss or time-dependent boundary conditions) carry independent
pieces of information on the age of air spectrum (the distribution of transit
times from the surface). This paper investigates how and to what extent
knowledge of tracer concentrations can be used to retrieve the age spectrum.
Since the mixing ratios of the tracers considered depend linearly on the
transit time distribution, the question posed can be formulated as a linear
inverse problem of small dimension. An inversion methodology is introduced,
which does not assume a prescribed shape for the spectrum. The performance of
the approach is first evaluated on a constructed set of artificial
radioactive tracers derived from idealized spectra. Hereafter, the inversion
method is applied to outputs of a chemistry–transport model. The latter
experiment highlights the limits of inversions using only parent radioactive
tracers: they are unable to retrieve fine-scale structures such as the annual
cycle. Improvements can be achieved by including daughter decaying tracers
and tracers with an annual cycle at the surface. This study demonstrates the
feasibility of retrieving the age spectrum
from tracers and has implications for transport diagnosis in models and observations.
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen in a tropical estuary at Malaysia: transport and transformation
Authors: Jiang Shan , Müller Moritz , Jin Jie , Wu Ying , Zhu Kun , Zhang Guosen , Mujahid Aazani , Rixen Tim , Muhamad Mohd Fakharuddin , Sia Edwin Sien Aun , Jang Faddrine Holt Ajon , Zhang Jing
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), including nitrate, nitrite and ammonium, frequently acts as the limitation for primary productivity. Our study focused on the transport and transformation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in a tropical estuary, i.e. Rajang river estuary, in Borneo, Malaysia. Three cruises were conducted in August 2016, February–March and September 2017, covering both dry and wet seasons. Before entering the coastal delta, decomposition of the terrestrial organic matter and the subsequent soil leaching was assumed to be the main source of DIN in the river water. In the estuary, decomposition of dissolved organic nitrogen was an additional DIN source, which markedly increased DIN concentrations in August 2016 (dry season). In the wet season (February 2017), ammonium concentration showed a relatively conservative distribution during the mixing and nitrate addition was weak. In September 2017 (dry season), La Niña induced high precipitation and discharge rates, decreased reaction intensities of ammonification and nitrification and hence the distribution of DIN species in the estuary water was similar with the trend found in the wet season. The magnitude of riverine DIN flux varied between 77.2 and 101.5 ton N d-1, which might be an important support for the coastal primary productivity.
Biogeophysical impacts of forestation in Europe: First results from the LUCAS Regional Climate Model intercomparison
Authors: Davin Edouard L. , Rechid Diana , Breil Marcus , Cardoso Rita M. , Coppola Erika , Hoffmann Peter , Jach Lisa L. , Katragkou Eleni , de Noblet-Ducoudré Nathalie , Radtke Kai , Raffa Mario , Soares Pedro M. M. , Sofiadis Giannis , Strada Susanna , Strandberg Gustav , Tölle Merja H. , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Wulfmeyer Volker
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Land Use and Climate Across Scales Flagship Pilot Study (LUCAS FPS) is a coordinated community effort to improve the integration of Land Use Change (LUC) in Regional Climate Models (RCMs) and to quantify the biogeophysical effects of LUC on local to regional climate in Europe. In the first phase of LUCAS, nine RCMs are used to explore the biogeophysical impacts of re-/afforestation over Europe. Namely, two idealized experiments representing respectively a non-forested and a maximally forested Europe are compared in order to quantify spatial and temporal variations in the regional climate sensitivity to forestation. We find some robust features in the simulated response to forestation. In particular, all models indicate a year-round decrease in surface albedo, which is most pronounced in winter and spring at high latitudes. This results in a winter warming effect, which is relatively robust across models. However, there are also a number of strongly diverging responses. For instance, there is no agreement on the sign of temperature changes in summer with some RCMs predicting a widespread cooling from forestation, a widespread warming, or a mixed response. A large part of the inter-model spread is attributed to the representation of land processes. In particular, differences in the partitioning of sensible and latent heat are identified as a key source of uncertainty. In contrast, for precipitation, the representation of atmospheric processes dictates more directly the simulated response. In conclusion, the multi-model approach we use here has the potential to deliver more robust and reliable information to stakeholders involved in land use planning, as compared to results based on single models. However, given the contradictory responses identified, our results also show that there are still fundamental uncertainties that need to be tackled to better anticipate the possible intended or unintended consequences of LUC on regional climates.
The influence of sample geometry on the permeability of a porous sandstone
Authors: Heap Michael J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Although detailed guidelines exist for measuring the physical and mechanical
properties of laboratory rock samples, guidelines for laboratory measurements
of permeability are sparse. Provided herein are gas permeability measurements
of cylindrical samples of Darley Dale sandstone (with a connected porosity of
0.135 and a pore and grain size of 0.2–0.3 mm) with different diameters
(10, 20, and 25 mm) and lengths (from 60 to 10 mm), corresponding to aspect
(length ∕ diameter) ratios between 6.2 and 0.4. These data show that,
despite the large range in sample length, aspect ratio, and bulk volume (from
29.7 to 1.9 cm3), the permeabilities of the Darley Dale sandstone
samples are near identical (3–4×10-15 m2). The near-identical permeability of these samples is considered the consequence of the
homogeneous porosity structure typical of porous sandstones and the small
grain and pore size of Darley Dale sandstone with respect to the minimum
tested diameter and length (both 10 mm). Laboratory permeability
measurements on rock samples with inhomogeneous porosity structures or with
larger grain and pore sizes may still provide erroneous values if their
length, diameter, and/or aspect ratio is low. Permeability measurements on
rocks with vastly different microstructural properties should now be
conducted in a similar manner to help develop detailed guidelines for
laboratory measurements of permeability.
The influence of wind and land evapotranspiration on the variability
of moisture sources and precipitation of the Yangtze River Valley
Authors: Fremme Astrid , Sodemann Harald
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Yangtze River Valley (YRV) experiences large intraseasonal and interannual precipitation variability, which is mainly due to East Asian monsoon influence. The East Asian monsoon is caused by interaction of many processes in the coupled land-atmosphere-ocean system. To better understand YRV precipitation variability in this complex system, we have studied the precipitation moisture sources and their connection to YRV precipitation. We obtained the moisture sources by using the ECMWF's ERA Interim reanalysis data set, the FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) and the WaterSip moisture source diagnostic. The variability of moisture sources reflects the variability of YRV precipitation. Intraseasonal variations of moisture sources include a shift of the most important source regions as the monsoon progresses. Interannual variability of the moisture sources shows that sources which are less important climatologically are closely connected to variations of the driest and wettest years. Our results show that land directly contributes 58 % of moisture for YRV precipitation during 1980–2016, whereas the ocean contributes 42 % in direct transport. While the importance of the ocean as a moisture source is often emphasized, our results underscore the importance of the process of continental recycling and the role of land moisture sources.
Highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors for robotic applications based on carbon nanotubes and PDMS polymer nanocomposite
Authors: Ramalingame Rajarajan , Lakshmanan Amoog , Müller Florian , Thomas Ulrike , Kanoun Olfa
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Flexible tactile pressure
sensor arrays based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and
polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are gaining importance, especially in the field
of robotics because of the high demand for stable, flexible and sensitive
sensors. Some existing concepts of pressure sensors based on nanocomposites
exhibit complicated fabrication techniques and better sensitivity than the
conventional pressure sensors. In this article, we propose a
nanocomposite-based pressure sensor that exhibits a high sensitivity of
25 % N−1, starting with a minimum
load range of 0–0.01 N and 46.8 % N−1 in the range of 0–1 N.
The maximum pressure sensing range of the sensor is approximately 570 kPa. A
concept of a 4×3
tactile sensor array, which could be integrated to robot fingers, is
demonstrated. The high sensitivity of the pressure sensor enables precision
grasping, with the ability to sense small objects with a size of 5 mm and a
weight of 1 g. Another application of the pressure sensor is demonstrated as
a gait analysis for humanoid robots. The pressure sensor is integrated under
the foot of a humanoid robot to monitor and evaluate the gait of the robot,
which provides insights for optimizing the robot's self-balancing algorithm
in order to maintain the posture while walking.
Multicriterion assessment framework of flood events simulated with
the vertically mixed runoff model in semiarid catchments in the
middle Yellow River
Authors: Li Dayang , Liang Zhongmin , Zhou Yan , Li Binquan , Fu Yupeng
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Flood forecasting and simulation in semiarid regions are always poor, and a single criterion assessment provides limited information for decision making. Here, we propose a multicriterion assessment framework combining the absolute relative error, the flow partitioning and the confidence interval estimated by the Hydrologic Uncertainty Processor (HUP) to assess the most striking feature of an event-based flood–the peak flow. The physically based model MIKE SHE and three conceptual models (two models with a single runoff generation mechanism, the Xi’anjiang model (XAJ) and the Shanbei model (SBM), and one model with the mixed runoff generation mechanism, the vertically mixed runoff model (VMM)) are compared in terms of flood modeling performance in four semiarid catchments (Qiushui River, Qingjian River, Tuwei River and Kuye River) in the middle Yellow River. Our results show that VMM has a better flood estimation performance than the other models, and under the multicriterion assessment framework, the average acceptance of flood events accounts for 58 %, but when absolute relative error 20 % is used as the performance criterion, its figure is only 41 % in four semiarid catchments.
Impact of assimilating sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and snow depth in a coupled ocean–sea ice modelling system
Authors: Fritzner Sindre , Graversen Rune , Christensen Kai H. , Rostosky Philip , Wang Keguang
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The accuracy of the initial state is very important for the
quality of a forecast, and data assimilation is crucial for obtaining the
best-possible initial state. For many years, sea-ice concentration was the
only parameter used for assimilation into numerical sea-ice models. Sea-ice
concentration can easily be observed by satellites, and satellite
observations provide a full Arctic coverage. During the last decade, an
increasing number of sea-ice related variables have become available, which
include sea-ice thickness and snow depth, which are both important parameters
in the numerical sea-ice models. In the present study, a coupled
ocean–sea-ice model is used to assess the assimilation impact of sea-ice
thickness and snow depth on the model. The model system with the assimilation
of these parameters is verified by comparison with a system assimilating only
ice concentration and a system having no assimilation. The observations
assimilated are sea ice concentration from the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite
Application Facility, thin sea ice from the European Space Agency's
(ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission, thick sea ice from
ESA's CryoSat-2 satellite, and a new snow-depth product derived from the
National Space Agency's Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer
(AMSR-E/AMSR-2) satellites. The model results are verified by comparing
assimilated observations and independent observations of ice concentration
from AMSR-E/AMSR-2, and ice thickness and snow depth from the IceBridge
campaign. It is found that the assimilation of ice thickness strongly
improves ice concentration, ice thickness and snow depth, while the snow
observations have a smaller but still positive short-term effect on snow
depth and sea-ice concentration. In our study, the seasonal forecast showed
that assimilating snow depth led to a less accurate long-term estimation of
sea-ice extent compared to the other assimilation systems. The other three
gave similar results. The improvements due to assimilation were found to last
for at least 3–4 months, but possibly even longer.
ENCENAÇÃO E COMUNHÃO NA RODOVIA DOS ROMEIROS
Authors: Batista Walquiria Pereira
Published: February 2019

Com este artigo, pretendemos estudar a encenação da Vida, Paixão e Morte de Jesus Cristo, realizada pelo Grupo Desencanto de Teatro nos painéis da Rodovia dos Romeiros (GO-060). De antemão, discutiremos a escassez de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o teatro goiano, particularmente no que toca aos grupos da Região do Entorno de Goiânia, destacando como o teatro aí situado se organiza a partir da sua comunidade, como é o caso do Grupo Desencanto. Em seguida, propomos uma reflexão acerca do conceito de teatro comunitário com base em alguns teóricos de referência sobre o assunto, buscando entender algumas de suas premissas no espetáculo estudado, juntamente com a noção de Auto da Paixão, gênero teatral medieval. Após uma breve apresentação do Grupo Desencanto de Teatro utilizando fontes documentais, focaremos, então, no sentido comunal da encenação da Vida, Paixão e Morte de Jesus Cristo. Com este estudo, esperamos contribuir com produção de conhecimento sobre um grupo teatral goiano tão importante quanto invisível pelo ambiente acadêmico, inclusive o regional.
POR UM OLHAR MENOS RETINIANO
Authors: Schetini Tarsila Ferreira Silva
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho concebe uma análise sobre quais reflexões seriam pertinentes para a criação de um projeto cenográfico direcionado para exposições de arte em museus. Para tanto, utilizou-se do estudo bibliográfico de autores que estudam o tema da recepção e como os elementos atuantes nesta experiência se apresentam e relacionam. Desta maneira torna-se possível compreender como conceber e apresentar o ato comunicativo de cenografar para o público da atualidade e vislumbrar novas configurações para estes espaços.
A ESTÉTICA DA AUSÊNCIA NA ESCULTURA CINÉTICA DE HEINER GOEBBELS
Authors: Andrade Eduardo Dos Santos
Published: February 2019

Ao prescindir do drama, da narrativa, dos atores e dos músicos para a execução de sua peça-concerto intitulada Stifters Dinge,o maestro e artista multimídia alemão Heiner Goebbels expande os limites que tradicionalmente cercam a ideia de teatralidade. Essa expansão, entretanto, não é nova e nem tampouco incomum no universo da arte contemporânea, caracterizado por intercontaminações e hibridismos. Na ausência de performers humanos, Stifters Dingeparece ser ao mesmo tempo uma instalação, um concerto e um teatro, porém, tudo o que há são coisas sendo elas mesmas: coisas. A partir desta obra de Goebbels, junto ao seu conceito de “Estética da Ausência”, este artigo propõe uma breve reflexão acerca da teatralidade das coisas, buscando entender como os elementos espaço-visuais da cena, na sua natureza inanimada, podem ser identificados como agente performativos, carregados de uma dimensão humana implícita sem apresentar necessariamente um caráter antropomórfico.
Hopgood, Stephen. The endtimes of human rights. Ithaca-USA; London-ENG: Cornell University, 2013.
Authors: Pacheco Marina Rute
Published: February 2019

The endtimes of human rights, trata de uma crítica propositiva aos Direitos Humanos cujo cenário identificado pelo autor é a decadência de seu Regime Global. Último livro publicado por Stephen Hopgood, professor de relações internacionais e co-diretor do Centre for the International Politics of Conflict, Rights and Justice da Universidade de Londres, foi resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida através do financiamento da Leverhulme Major Research Fellowship.
Die strafrechtliche Wiederaufnahme im deutschen, französischen und englischen Recht
Authors: Bayer Sarah
Published: February 2019

Usually, criminal proceedings end when a decision becomes non-appealable. In this case, the principle of ne bis in idem, as provided for in Article 103 III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (GG), prohibits a new trial for the same act. However, for certain cases, sections 359 ff. of the German Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) allow for a retrial.
Against the background of constant discussions on the scope and design of this legal remedy, the thesis examines and evaluates the possibilities to review final criminal acquittals and convictions in Germany. However, the evaluation is not limited to a purely national perspective. It also analyses the legal situation in France and England. On the basis of a functional legal comparison, it presents proposals for reform.
Die dienstrechtliche Fürsorgepflicht in der Rechtsprechung des Gerichts für den öffentlichen Dienst der Europäischen Union
Authors: Reithmann Ulrich
Published: February 2019

This work offers a profound insight into the development and background of today’s EU civil service law. It analyses the recent judgements of the EU courts concerning the duty of care as a part of the reciprocal duties of both employer and employee, and forms groups of application.
This analysis is based on the review of the complete jurisprudence of the Civil Service Tribunal (CST), and on its interpretation, aiming at a consistent understanding of the duty of care.
This work offers the practitioner of law all necessary information on content and rank of the duty of care in relation to the other rules and principles of law.
The author, on the basis of studies and professional experience in Munich, Strasbourg, Paris and Brussels, has been working and publishing in the field of civil service law, European law and EU civil service law for more than 20 years, and has published a series of reviews on the complete jurisprudence of the CST.
Greedy elites and poor lambs: How young Europeans remember the great war
Authors: Bouchat Pierre , Licata Laurent , Rosoux Valérie , Allesch Christian , Ammerer Heinrich , Babinska Maria , Bilewicz Michal , Bobowik Magdalena , Bovina Inna , Bruckmüller Susanne , Cabecinhas Rosa , Chryssochoou Xenia , Csertő István , Delouvée Sylvain , Durante Federica , Ernst-Vintila Andreea , Flassbeck Christine , Franc Renata , Hilton Denis , Keles Serap , Kesteloot Chantal , Kışlıoğlu Reşit , Krenn Alice , Macovei Irina , Mari Silvia , Medugorac Vanja , Petrović Nebojša , Pólya Tibor , Raudsepp Maaris , Sá Alberto , Sakki Inari , Turjacanin Vladimir , Türken Salman , van Ypersele Laurence , Vojak Danijel , Volpato Chiara , Warland Geneviève , Klein Olivier
Published: February 2019

The present study examines current social representations associated with the origins of the Great War, a major event that has profoundly affected Europe. A survey conducted in 20 European countries (N = 1906 students in social sciences) shows a high consensus: The outbreak of the war is attributed to the warring nations’ leaders while the responsibility of the populations is minimized. Building on the concept of social representation of history (Liu & Hilton, 2005), we suggest that the social representations of the Great War fulfill social psychological functions in contemporary Europe. We suggest that WWI may function as a charter for European integration. Their content also suggests a desire to distinguish a positively valued ingroup ("the people") from powerful elites, construed as an outgroup.
Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes clavicular infection
Authors: Zaid Musa , Chavez Madisyn R. , Carrasco Adrianna E. , Zimel Melissa N. , Zhang Alan L. , Horvai Andrew E. , Link Thomas M. , O'Donnell Richard J.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes13, 16 is a slow growing, gram-positive bacteria that is naturally found in higher concentrations as skin flora on the chest and back, as well as in other areas with greater numbers of hair follicles.25, 37 Most of the reported cases of C. acnes shoulder girdle infection follow arthroplasty surgery,18, 20, 26, 27, 32, 35 which then often requires debridement, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and surgical revision of the implanted device.12, 15, 21, 28-30 In a recent study, 56% of 193 shoulder revisions had a positive culture, 70% of which grew C. acnes.30 Despite the relatively common presumed association of C. acnes humeral osteomyelitis with prosthetic infection, infection of the scapula or clavicle secondary to C. acnes is rare.4, 23, 36 Osteomyelitis of the clavicle involving any organism is also an uncommon event that can arise spontaneously via presumed hematogenous spread, or secondary to open fractures or internal fixation.6, 33 The most commonly found organism in clavicular osteomyelitis is Staphylococcus aureus.9 We here report two cases of clavicular infection secondary to C. acnes that were not associated with implants.
Subcutaneous Radiographic Measurement: A Marker to Evaluate Surgical Site Infection Risk in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Bernaus Martí , Anglès Francesc , Escudero Berta , Veloso Margarita , Matamala Alfredo , Font-Vizcarra Lluís
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity is a documented comorbidity that is prevalent in the elderly population and a known predictor for surgical site infection (SSI). Body mass index is a convenient method to classify obesity, but it fails to account for fat distribution. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between surgical site infection and a subcutaneous radiographic measurement (SRM) in elderly hip fracture patients.Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare SRMs at the hip in patients diagnosed with surgical site infection after hip fracture surgery with patients that were not diagnosed with surgical site infection. Each case was matched to two controls. An SRM was defined as the distance from the tip of the greater trochanter to the skin following a perpendicular line to the femoral diaphysis in anteroposterior hip radiographs. Clinical diagnosis of acute surgical site infection was based on Tsukayama criteria.Results: Patients with an SRM greater than 6.27cm had a 7-fold increase in the odds of surgical site infection (OR=7.42, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=3.01-18.28, p<0.001) compared to those with smaller measurements. The odds ratio (OR) for infection of patients with an ASA score of 3 was 15.82(95% CI=5.11-48.9, p-value<0.001)A statistically significant difference between cases and controls was also found when SRM at the hip was analyzed as a continuous variable. Patients with an infection had a 2.24cm (95% CI=1.59 - 2.90; p<0.001) greater mean SRM.Conclusion: Results of our study suggest an association between the SRM at the hip and the risk of SSI in elderly patients with surgically treated hip fractures. SRM may be a helpful tool for evaluating the risk of SSI in elderly hip fracture patients.
PAHLAWAN: Siapa mereka? Pendekatan psikologi indigenous
Authors: Azri Bony Yulvira , Agung Ivan Muhammad
Published: February 2019

Pahlawan merupakan istilah yang banyak digunakan di budaya Indonesia. Pahlawan merujuk pada diri seseorang karena keberanian, kekuatan, pengorbanan dan kemampuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan. Beberapa penelitian tentang pahlawan dalam perpektif psikologi telah banyak dilakukan di Barat. Namun penelitian konsepsi pahlawan dalam perspektif psikologi di Indonesia masih jarang atau belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeskplorasi siapa dan apa karakteristik pahlawan pada mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan psikologi indigenous dengan pertanyaan terbuka. Respon jawaban dikode, dikategori, dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Partisipan adalah mahaisswa UIN sultan Syarif Kasim Riau berjumlah 300 mahasiswa (rerata umur 21 tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar menjadikan orangtua sebagai pahlawan (64,3%), tokoh nasional/komunitas (17,3%) dan pendidik (16,7%) dan terdapat delapan karakteristik pahlawan, yaitu, dominan (24.67%), peduli (19%), karismatik (13%), inspiratif (11,67%), tangguh (9,66%), tanpa pamrih (9%), mendidik (8,67%) dan terpercaya (4,33%). Implikasi hasil penelitian dibahas dalam konteks budaya Indonesia.
Peran strategi pengajaran guru dalam relasi antara efikasi guru dan penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap siswa di sekolah inklusif
Authors: Widyasari Pratiwi , Novara Annisa Ainina
Published: February 2019

Penerimaan teman sebaya bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus pada lingkup pendidikan inklusif dianggap penting. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya kesempatan bagi mereka untuk berinteraksi bersama dengan teman-teman sebaya mereka sehingga proses belajar dan bersosialisasi dapat berjalan dengan lebih baik. Penelitian ini hendak melihat bagaimana hubungan antara efikasi guru dengan penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus yang dimediasi oleh strategi pengajaran guru pada sekolah inklusif. Partisipan dari penelitian ini adalah 70 orang guru dan 596 murid dari 18 sekolah inklusi. Adapun alat ukur yang dipergunakan pada penelitian ini adalah The Teacher’s Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) untuk mengukur efikasi guru, The Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire Versi Indonesia (BCSQ_VI) untuk mengukur strategi pengajaran guru, dan Peer Acceptance Scale (PAS) untuk mengukur penerimaan siswa sebaya. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada pengaruh langsung (direct effect) yang signifikan antara efikasi guru terhadap penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusif, b = 0,0145, t = 0,3584, p= 0,7212 dan ada pengaruh tidak langsung (indirect effect) yang signifikan antara efikasi guru terhadap penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusif, b = 0,0311, LLCI = 0,0083 dan ULCI = 0,0722. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa strategi pengajaran guru memediasi penuh hubungan antara efikasi guru dan penerimaan teman sebaya terhadap siswa berkebutuhan khusus di sekiolah inklusif.
Peran intensitas komunikasi, kepercayaan, dan dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinan pada istri tentara saat menjalani Long Distance Marriage (LDM) di Batalyon Infanteri 407/Padmakusuma Kabupaten Tegal
Authors: Muhardeni Riza
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran intensitas komunikasi, kepercayaan dan dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinan pada istri tentara saat menjalani long distance marriage. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner berisi skala kebahagiaan perkawinan, skala intensitas perkawinan, skala kepercayaan perkawinan serta skala dukungan sosial. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini 80 orang istri tentara yang ditinggal tugas oleh suaminya dan menetap di asrama Batalyon. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda diperoleh kesimpulan: (1) terdapat peran intensitas komunikasi, kepercayaan dan dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinaan pada istri tentara saat menjalani long distance marriage, diperoleh R2= .68, F (3, 76)= 54,56,  p<0,001; (2) ada peran intensitas komunikasi perkawinan terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinan pada istri tentara saat menjalani long distance marriage (b= .45, p<.001) (3) ada peran kepercayaan perkawinan terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinan pada istri tentara saat menjalani long distance marriage, diperoleh (b= .59, p<.001); (4) tidak ada peran dukungan sosial terhadap kebahagiaan perkawinan pada istri tentara saat menjalani long distance marriage (b= 0,18, p=.054).
Peran persepsi keterlibatan orang-tua dan strategi pengasuhan terhadap parenting self-efficacy
Authors: Indrasari Stephanie Yuanita , Affiani Laily
Published: February 2019

Pada anak usia kanak-kanak madya anak mengalami perubahan di beberapa aspek kehidupannya. Hal tersebut menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi orangtua untuk menjalankan proses pengasuhan yang positif. Pengasuhan yang dilakukan orangtua terhadap anak akan memengaruhi perilaku anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan orangtua (ayah dan ibu) dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama terhadap parenting self-efficacy. Pengukuran persepsi keterlibatan orangtua menggunakan alat ukur Reported Father Involvement Scales (Finley & Schwartz, 2004) dan Reported Mother Involvement Scales (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008), sedangkan pengukuran strategi pengasuhan menggunakan alat ukur Parenting Strategies Questionnaire (Laforce, 2004). Pengukuran parenting self-efficacy menggunakan alat ukur Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (Coleman & Karraker, 2000). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 270 orangtua (ayah atau ibu, boleh tidak berpasangan) yang berusia pada rentang 25-45 tahun dan memiliki anak yang usianya kanak-kanak madya (5-12 tahun). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan ayah dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama secara signifikan terhadap parenting self-efficacy F (2, 267) = 13,805, p<0,01. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh persepsi keterlibatan ibu dan strategi pengasuhan secara bersama-sama secara signifikan terhadap parenting self-efficacy F (2, 267) = 11,021, p<0,01. Pada penelitian ini parenting self-efficacy dapat diprediksi oleh persepsi keterlibatan orangtua di masa lalu dan strategi pengasuhan.
Assessment of prostate cancer prognostic Gleason grade group using zonal‐specific features extracted from biparametric MRI using a KNN classifier
Authors: Jensen Carina , Carl Jesper , Boesen Lars , Langkilde Niels Christian , Østergaard Lasse Riis
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To automatically assess the aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions using zonal‐specific image features extracted from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and T2W MRI.

Methods

Region of interest was extracted from DWI (peripheral zone) and T2W MRI (transitional zone and anterior fibromuscular stroma) around the center of 112 PCa lesions from 99 patients. Image histogram and texture features, 38 in total, were used together with a k‐nearest neighbor classifier to classify lesions into their respective prognostic Grade Group (GG) (proposed by the International Society of Urological Pathology 2014 consensus conference). A semi‐exhaustive feature search was performed (1–6 features in each feature set) and validated using threefold stratified cross validation in a one‐versus‐rest classification setup.

Results

Classifying PCa lesions into GGs resulted in AUC of 0.87, 0.88, 0.96, 0.98, and 0.91 for GG1, GG2, GG1 + 2, GG3, and GG4 + 5 for the peripheral zone, respectively. The results for transitional zone and anterior fibromuscular stroma were AUC of 0.85, 0.89, 0.83, 0.94, and 0.86 for GG1, GG2, GG1 + 2, GG3, and GG4 + 5, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study showed promising results with reasonable AUC values for classification of all GG indicating that zonal‐specific imaging features from DWI and T2W MRI can be used to differentiate between PCa lesions of various aggressiveness.
Photogenerated Charge Transport in Organic Electronic Materials: Experiments Confirmed by Simulations
Authors: Melianas Armantas , Kemerink Martijn
Published: February 2019

The performance of organic optoelectronic devices, such as organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, is to a large extent dictated by their ability to transport the photogenerated charge, with relevant processes spanning a wide temporal (fs–µs) and spatial (1–100 nm) range. However, time‐resolved techniques can access only a limited temporal window, and often contradict steady‐state measurements. Here, commonly employed steady‐state and time‐resolved techniques are unified over an exceptionally wide temporal range (fs–µs) in a consistent physical picture. Experimental evidence confirmed by numerical simulations shows that, although various techniques probe different time scales, they are mutually consistent as they probe the same physical mechanisms governing charge motion in disordered media—carrier hopping and thermalization in a disorder‐broadened density of states (DOS). The generality of this framework is highlighted by time‐resolved experimental data obtained on polymer:fullerene, polymer:polymer, and small‐molecule blends with varying morphology, including recent experiments revealing that low donor content OPV devices operate by long‐range hole tunneling between non‐nearest‐neighbor molecules. The importance of nonequilibrium processes in organic electronic materials is reviewed, with a particular focus on experimental data and understanding charge transport physics in terms of material DOS.
Effect of DMSO Solvent Treatments on the Performance of PEDOT:PSS Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Lingstedt Leona V. , Ghittorelli Matteo , Lu Hao , Koutsouras Dimitrios A. , Marszalek Tomasz , Torricelli Fabrizio , Crăciun N. Irina , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Blom Paul W. M.
Published: February 2019

The conductivity of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) can be strongly enhanced by treatment with high boiling solvents as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effect of various DMSO solvent treatment methods on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based on PEDOT:PSS is studied. The treatments include mixing PEDOT:PSS with DMSO before film deposition, exposing a deposited PEDOT:PSS film to a saturated DMSO vapor, and dipping a PEDOT:PSS film in a DMSO bath. Compared to dry PEDOT:PSS, operating in the OECT configuration causes a significant reduction of its conductivity for all treatments, due to the swelling of PEDOT:PSS by the direct contact of the conductive channel with the electrolyte. The dipping method gives rise to the highest OECT performance, reflected in the highest on/off ratio and transconductance. The improved conductivity and device performance after dipping arise from an enhanced charge carrier mobility due to enhanced structural order.
Progress in Nickel‐Coordinated Polymers as Intrinsically Conducting n‐Type Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Menon Akanksha K. , Wolfe Rylan M. W. , Kommandur Sampath , Yee Shannon K.
Published: February 2019

Organic thermoelectrics have witnessed rapid development in the past decade for low temperature energy harvesting applications. While high‐performance p‐type polymers have been demonstrated, n‐type materials have lagged behind due to the limited number of stable n‐dopants and low doping efficiencies. Nickel‐coordination polymers are a promising class of n‐type polymers as they are conducting without extrinsic doping, thus overcoming a major challenge. However, advantages in thermoelectric properties are outweighed by a complicated synthesis and a poorly understood reaction mechanism that has resulted in a large variation in literature for the same material. This progress report provides a comprehensive and critical overview of syntheses and thermoelectric property optimization approaches for two coordination polymers, namely Ni‐ethenetetrathiolate (NiETT) and Ni‐tetrathiooxalate (NiTTO). In particular, material characterization and thin film fabrication techniques are discussed, and the importance of reporting statistically relevant thermoelectric properties is highlighted to ensure reproducibility among different groups. A short discussion on prototype devices based on NiETT is presented, and finally, directions for future development of these and other n‐type metal‐coordinated polymers are suggested.
Performance analysis and quantitative design of a flow‐guiding sieve tray by computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Zhao Hongkang , Li Qunsheng , Yu Gangqiang , Dai Chengna , Lei Zhigang
Published: February 2019

An evolution of the traditional sieve tray, the flow‐guiding sieve tray (FGST), has been utilized in many separation processes, especially for handling viscous systems. The objectives of this work are to optimize the design process of FGSTs and realize the full potential of their separation performance. A computation fluid dynamic (CFD) model that incorporated the modified interphase momentum transfer term was developed. Simulated measures of hydrodynamic performance, such as pressure drop, weeping, entrainment, and clear liquid height agree well with the experimental data, thus verifying the accuracy and reliability of the CFD model established in this work. Furthermore, based on the obtained hydrodynamic parameters, a quantitative model for designing flow‐guiding holes was established and validated by modifying an experimental FGST (diameter 476 mm) and reconstructing an industrial sieve‐tray tower (diameter 1,200 mm). The hydrodynamic parameters and quantitative model are of vital importance for better design and further modification of FGST.
Novel sulfonated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes filled chitosan composite membrane for fuel‐cell applications
Authors: Ahmed Saad , Ali Muhammad , Cai Yangben , Lu Yunhua , Ahmad Zaheer , Khannal Santosh , Xu Shiai
Published: February 2019

In the present study, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were sulfonated by 1,3‐propane sultone and distillation–precipitation polymerization, respectively, and then incorporated into chitosan (CS) to prepare CS/MWCNTs composite membranes for fuel cell applications. CS/MWCNTs membranes show better thermal and mechanical stability than pure CS membrane due to the strong electrostatic interaction between the SO3H groups of MWCNTs and the NH2groups of CS, which can restrict the mobility of CS chain. The sulfonated MWCNTs provide efficient proton hopping sites (SO3H, SO3−….3+HN), thereby resulting in the formation of continuous proton conducting channels. The composite membranes with 5 wt % of MWCNTs modified by two different ways show a proton conductivity of 0.026 and 0.025 S·cm−1, respectively. In conclusion, CS/MWCNTs membrane is a promising proton exchange membrane for fuel‐cell applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47603.
Knowledge Gains and Changing Attitudes from the Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017): A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Husmann Polly R. , O’Loughlin Valerie D. , Brokaw James J.
Published: February 2019

The inaugural Anatomy Education Research Institute (AERI 2017) was held in Bloomington, Indiana in July of 2017. This workshop style conference paired experienced educational researchers (invited speakers) with individuals interested in learning more about the field (accepted applicants). In 2017, AERI was held over a five‐day period and entailed plenary style presentations, break‐out sessions, and specific times for small group mentorship. All participants (applicants and invited speakers) completed a pre‐conference survey at the beginning of the institute and a post‐conference survey at the end of the institute. Both surveys included categorical and Likert scale questions as well as open‐ended questions for participant feedback. Quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that both applicants and speakers increased their knowledge of anatomy education research, but that additional obstacles remain. Funding, time, and a lack of respect for the field remain problematic for faculty that wish to complete educational research. Mentorship and a community of practice also emerged as major themes necessary for educational research to be successful.