bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Isometric Handgrip Exercise dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi
Authors: Zainuddin Ricky Nuh , Labdullah Paramitha
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Background: Hypertension has a significant impact on public health and has become a major health care burden worldwide. One non-pharmacological therapy that can be given to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients is Isometric Handgrip Exercise exercise therapy. This therapy has been shown to reduce blood pressure which is almost the same as intense aerobic exercise. This literature review aims to analyze the effects of the application of Isometric Handgrip Exercise in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Method: This research explores quantitative evidence published in electronic databases such as Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Using a search strategy, we identified 16 articles that were potentially and relevant to the research objectives, and 4 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: We could see a significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduction in the group given the Isometric Handgrip Exercise intervention compared with the control group. Conclusion: Research results from several articles in this review literature show that Isometric Handgrip Exercise exercises are proven to be effective in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients.
Pengaruh Pemberian Alkohol Terhadap Sistem Rangka
Authors: Atmaningsih Dewi Tri
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Alkohol merupakan senyawa organik yang memiliki gugus hidroksil dan dikonsumsi secara global oleh mayoritas penduduk dunia. Konsumsi alkohol mengakibatkan berbagai efek yang merugikan terhadap kesehatan, seperti sirosis hati, hepatitis, perubahan kognitif dan perilaku, serta perubahan pada tulang. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian alkohol terhadap sistem rangka tikus. Metode: Menggunakan studi literatur dari jurnal baik nasional maupun internasional dengan cara meringkas topik pembahasan dan membandingkan hasil yang disajikan dalam artikel. Hasil: Pemberian alkohol pada hewan coba tikus terbukti menyebabkan berbagai perubahan pada tulang tikus. Kesimpulan: Konsumsi alkohol yang berlebihan mengakibatkan perubahan pada pembentukan tulang, berkurangnya bone mineral density dan bone mineral content, serta meningkatkan pengeroposan tulang dan risiko patah tulang.
Perbandingan Kecepatan Proses Penyembuhan Luka Swiss Webster dengan Kopi Robusta dan Arabika
Authors: Pangestu Arief Ristia
Published: December 2020

Serbuk kopi sebagai pengobatan luka sudah digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional hampir diseluruh dunia di perkebunan-perkebunan kopi. Hasil pengobatan luka menggunakan kopi tidak terlihat menimbulkan komplikasi infeksi. Kesulitan pengobatan berupa lamanya proses penyembuhan luka dan bahaya-bahaya lain yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh luka tersebut, peneliti bermaksud melakukan tinjauan literatur yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek serbuk biji kopi Arabika dan Robusta dalam mempersingkat durasi penyembuhan luka pada mencit jantan galur Swiss webster. Metode yang digunakan merupakan studi literatur dari jurnal nasional dan internasional. Senyawa fenolik mengandung Phenolic Acid, yang terdiri dari Chlorogenic Acid, 3-Caffeoylquinic Acid, dan Hydrooxicinnamates, sebagai anti inflamasi. Komponen asam klorogenat yang terkandung dalam senyawa fenolik untuk antiinflamasi dengan konsentrasi Green Coffea arabica adalah 4.1-7.9 (g/100g), Roasted Coffea arabica  1.9-2.5 (g/100g) dan Green Coffea canephora 6.1-11.3 (g/100g) dan Roasted Coffea canephora 3.3-3.8 (g/100g). Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan literatur senyawa fenolik kopi robusta lebih tinggi dibandingkan kopi arabika, sehingga proses percepatan penyembuhan kopi robusta lebih cepat.
Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Makanan Pendamping ASI (MP-ASI)
Authors: Aprillia Yuna Trisuci , Mawarni Endang Siti , Agustina Santi
Published: December 2020

Ibu mempunyai peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembanan Bayi dan Balita, khususnya pengetahuan ibu memiliki pengaruh kepada pola pikir dan tingkat kepedulian untuk memberikan asupan makan yang tepat untuk anaknya. Bayi dan balita masuk dalam kelompok rawan gizi di masyarakat dimana prevalensi gizi kurang tertinggi  pada bayi dan balita. Dalam laporan RISKESDAS 2018 balita gizi kurang di Indonesia tercatat sebesar 17.7%  masih dibawah taret RJPMN yaitu 17%. Sedangkan permasalahan gagal tumbuh yang ditandai dengan dengan tubuh pendek atau stunting sebesar 30,8%. Besaran prevalensi di Jawa Barat untuk gizi kurang di wilayah Jawa Barat masih di atas 14% dan angka stunting masih diatas angka nasional yaitu 31%. Profil Dinas kesehatan Kota Depok tahun 2017 menyampaikan Jumlah balita gizi lebih 5,57%, balita kurus 2,99% dan balita sangat kurus/gizi buruk sebanyak 0,06%. Masalah tersebut muncul bukan hanya karena kekurangan pangan namun bisa dari faktor lain seperti pemberian MP-ASI yang tidak adekuat tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi yang ada diusianya dan penyapihan dini. Memburuknya keadaan gizi bayi juga terjadi akibat ketidaktahuan ibu mengenai metode MP-ASI yang tepat sehingga praktik pemberian makanan pada bayi dapat mengakibatkan masalah gizi kurang, stunting serta gizi lebih atau obesitas. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan Cross Sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah populasi dan sampel sebanyak 35 responden. Dari hasil analisis univariat didapatkan ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 26 orang (74.3%), ibu yang berusia < 20 dan > 35 tahun sebanyak 24 (68.6%), jumlah ibu yang berpendidikan tinggi (SMA-Perguruan Tinggi) sebanyak 20 (57.1%), sebagian ibu baru memiliki anak pertama sebanyak 19 (54.3%), sebagian besar ibu tidak bekerja atau ibu rumah tangga (IRT) sebanyak 26 (74.3%), hampir seluruh reponden memiliki buku KIA sebanyak 34 (97.1%) dan riwayat pemerian ASI Eksklusif sebanyak 23 (65.7%). Hasil dari analisis bivariat didapatkan variabel yang berhubungan adalah variabel umur (nilai p=0,015), pendidikan (nilai p=0,019), paritas (nilai p=0,004), dan riwayat pemberian ASI Eksklusif (0,003). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Variabel paritas adalah variabel yang paling dominan atau besar pengaruhnya terhadap pengetahuan ibu tentang makanan pendamping ASI (MPA-ASI) sehingga para ibu sudah diberikan informasi yang tepat sejak kehamilan terkait ASI Eksklusif dan Pemberian MPASI dan bisa mencari informasi menggunakan teknologi atau gawai untuk bisa mengakses informasi pemberian MP-ASI yang tepat.
Sindrom Operasi Punggung Gagal
Authors: Patongai Fikri Muhammad Rifai
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang; sindrom operasi punggung gagal adalah nyeri punggung bawah yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya meskipun sudah dilakukan intervensi atau muncul setelah intervensi operasi yang bertujuan untuk menghilangkan nyeri di lokasi yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitain ini adalah penulis ingin memaparkan pengetahuan tentang penyakit ini dan membandingkan efikasi antar terapi dengan metode Traditional Review terkait sindrom operasi punggung gagal dan terapinya. Hasil; bukti kuat dari uji coba acak besar menunjukkan keunggulan stimualsi sumsum tulang belakang dibanding manajemen konservatif dan operasi berulang untuk sindrom operasi punggung gagal menunjukkan neuromodulasi lebih baik dari terapi konvensional. Kesimpulan; modalitas terapi neuromodulasi menunjukkan hasil yang lebih memuaskan dibanding terapi lain
Sindrom Outlet Dada
Authors: Amper Jason Mikail
Published: December 2020

Background: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is one of the rarest diseases in the world with not a lot of information behind it. It is a collection of symptoms caused by compression in the neurovascular bundle exiting the Thoracic Outlet. The Thoracic Outlet is a structure under the neck between the first costae and the clavicle. Objective: To know more about Thoracic Outlet Syndrome comprehensively. Methods: Using literature studies from national and international journals by summarizing the topic of discussion and comparing the results presented in the article. Results: Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is a disease with various etiologies. The. The diagnosis of the disease is determined by the symptoms exhibited. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome can be divided into 3 types, which are Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Venous Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, and Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. Physical rehabilitation and change in lifestyle remain the first-line treatment for this disease, with complications, surgery is recommended. Conclusion: There are many things still unknown to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, early diagnosis is essential to diagnose the type of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome to determine the correct treatment for the type.
Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur Tentang Kontrasepsi Pil
Authors: Barokah Liberty , Melani Farunti Iga
Published: December 2020

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan KB diantaranya pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap, usia, pekerjaan, sosial budaya dan status ekonomi. Ada beberapa hal yang melatar belakangi dalam pemilihan jenis kontrasepsi, salah satunya adalah tingkat pengetahuan dari calon akseptor KB. Pengetahuan ibu yang tinggi akan memengaruhi dalam pemilihan alat kontrasepsi. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan seseorang, semakin jeli orang tersebut dalam menentukan alat kontrasepsi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Pengetahuan Wanita Usia Subur tentang kontrasepsi Pil. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Responden penelitian sebanyak 86 WUS dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yang telah memenuhi kriteria ekskulsi dan inklusi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan bentuk presentase berdasarkan frekuensi dari setiap kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan WUS tentang kontrasepsi pil dalam kategori cukup. Masih banyaknya responden dengan pengetahuan cukup bisa menjadi penyebab rendahnya akseptor kontrasepsi pil. Peran tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan sangat penting untuk memberikan edukasi kepada akseptor sehingga pengetahuan akseptor tentang kontrasepsi pil semakin meningkat, jumlah peserta baru dan peserta aktif kontrasepsi pil KB semakin meningkat
Festas para um nobre: ritual e (re)producao sociopolítica no Alto Xingu
Authors: Barcelos Neto Aristóteles
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the division of the river plain and mainland groups in the Amazon region.
TIMOR LESTE�S ACCESSION TO ASEAN 2011: AN ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL FACTORS
Authors: Arisanto Puguh Toko
Published: December 2020

Abstract:

After gaining its independence in 2002, Timor Leste struggled for joining ASEAN�s membership. Timor Leste changed foreign policy orientation from PIF to ASEAN. Then, Timor Leste had put its decision in 2011 which officially enrolled as member of ASEAN. This article seeks to analyze Timor Leste�s decision to join ASEAN�s membership. The authors sought to find the answers by using foreign policy decision-making model. This article focused on international factors which are derived from two important variables namely international context and economic and military conditions. The authors found from international context that Timor Leste decided to join ASEAN due to ASEAN�s attractiveness as prospective regional organization and strong support emanating from Indonesia as an influential state regionally. Economic conditions comprise close economic relations of Timor Leste with ASEAN countries. Military conditions are analyzed from Timor Leste�s military capability amidst neighbor�s military capability and its need to collective security.

Keywords: Foreign Policy, Decision-Making Model, International Context, Economic and Military Conditions
THE EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING ALFALFA
Authors: Tverdokhlib Igor , Spirin Anatoly
Published: December 2020

One of the reasons braking the development of animal husbandry in Ukraine is the poor state of feed production. In most farms feed production remains marginally profitable, the protein content in the feed is significantly less than 110 g per 1 fodder units, as required by agrozootechnical.
One of the ways of increasing the productivity of forage production is the introduction of new technologies that allow you to obtain food with high protein content and balanced amino acid condition. An example of this technology can be fractional processing from alfalfa green mass to a protein-vitamin concentrate and pulp for the efficient use of these forages need to preserve. The best method of preservation is drying, the moisture content is reduced to the level at which it can be stored for a long time without losing the nutritional qualities.
One of the parameters that determine the energy efficiency of the drying process is the equilibrium moisture content of the material. Because the process of transferring thermal energy from the coolant to the material makes sense only until the equilibrium moisture content of the material. Further transfer of thermal energy to material that is inappropriate, because it does not reduce its moisture content.
Experimental studies on the estimation of the equilibrium moisture content of the protein concentrate and pulp from alfalfa on the temperature and the relative humidity is done according to the method N. E. Pestova. For conducting experiments used desiccators, which created the desired humidity level, and put the hanging of the pulp and concentrate. For fixing the temperature experience desiccators with tightly closed lids was mounted in a thermostat and kept at a constant temperature 6-8 hours. The change in mass of the samples was determined by weighing. Schedule weight change of the samples from the moisture content of the air is a straight line, the intersection of which with the axis of moisture content and defines the equilibrium state of the material under the given parameters of air.
From the experimental results, the empirical dependence of the equilibrium moisture content of the protein concentrate and pulp from alfalfa from relative humidity and air temperature in the range 10-70% for humidity and 298-323k temperature.
It is noted that the size and shape of particles of the protein concentrate did not significantly influence the magnitude of the equilibrium moisture content.
The results were used in the preparation of animal feed from alfalfa protein concentrate and press cake.
ANALISIS MAKSIMILISASI KEUNTUNGAN DENGAN METODE SIMPLEX DAN PENDEKATAN METODE SOLVER PADA CV .INDOSOTEN
Authors: Hidayat Rezky
Published: December 2020

The In the current era of globalization, the economic situation in Indonesia is indeed very concerning. With these conditions, many micro businesses, especially home industry businesses, have to struggle to continue carrying out product activities so that their production businesses develop. CV.Indoshoten is a small-scale company producing four main products, namely onigiri salmon flake, spicy tuna onigiri, salmon mayo onigiri and tuna mayonnaise onigiri. To maintain the continuity and development of production, steps are needed to be able to allocate raw materials and increase profits. Therefore we need an effort to use a method in determining the right combination of use of the production factors of the products made and the combination of the products produced using the linear programming model of maximization problems with the simplex method and for analysis using the solver method. The results of this study that the salmon-filled onigiri product will get a maximum profit of Rp.875,000 if the company produces 125 pieces of salmon flake onigiri and 25 pieces of salmon mayo while the tuna-filled onigiri product will get a maximum profit of Rp.626,692 if the company produces spicy tuna onigiri. 40 pcs and 107 pcs of tuna mayo. If a company has a lot of inputs that must be used for the production process and the main purpose of obtaining profits that can be used is the simplex method, whereas if the user wants to analyze variable changes so that profits remain optimal then use the solver method.
HISTORY OF THE FOUNDATION OF THE ARCHIVE FUND OF THE TAURIDE GOVERNOR CHANCELLERY IN THE STATE ARCHIVE OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
Authors:   Crimean Federal University, Bashkova I.S. , Vernadsky V.I. ,   Crimean Federal University
Published: December 2020

The author discusses the features of the formation and organization of the Fund 26 «Chancellery of the Tauride Governor», which is stored in the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea; this fund is one of the most wide-used in scientific researches.
«RUSSIAN SECTARIANISM» IN THE SOUTH URAL IN REGIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Zarutsky A.G.
Published: December 2020

The article provides an analysis of development of regional historiography of «Russian sectarianism» in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet and contemporary periods. The author highlights the peculiarities of studying this issue at each stage, and underlines the shortcomings that forced the researchers to search for a new methodological basis. He comes to the conclusion that a comprehensive study of informal religiosity in the Southern Ural in pre-revolutionary Russia remains an actual scholarly task.
KAMSKAYA NEOLITHIC CULTURE IN NORTHEASTERN EUROPE
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History, Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karmanov V.N.
Published: December 2020

The author summarizes and systematizes the data on the Kamskaya Neolithic culture in the northeast of Europe (the territory of the modern Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk Oblast and the northern part of the Perm kray). At present 18 sites belonged to this culture have been identified in the basins of the rivers Vychegda, Pinega and Vishera. They represent its northern province of distribution, the length of which in the region is more than 1000 km (from southeast to northwest). The data of geochronometry and comparison of analogies from the territories of the East European and West Siberian plains determine that the most probable time of existence of this culture in the region was the VI millennium BC. A stable feature of the Kamskaya culture is ceramic ware made of clay with an admixture of chamotte and decorated with comb ornament. Its peculiarities in the basin of the Vychegda River are a small number of pots in complexes (from 1 to 5) and typological homogeneity. It indicates the short-term duration of this tradition and the lack of links with the population of other cultures. Ceramics in the basin of the Vyshera River are characterized by a great variety of decoration and provide an evidence of the connections between the population of different cultures. Flint knapping is situational and selective. The special and most stable feature of toolkit is the bifacial diamond-shaped or leaf-shaped arrowheads of short proportions. The tools made of other rocks are relatively well represented with chopping tools, abrasives, and fishing weights. In the assemblages of the Vishera river basin the signs of correction of traditions of stone processing to the peculiarities of raw materials of the region are revealed. It can indicate their more significant metamorphoses as they moved away from the original territory of culture. The complex data such as topography of monuments, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of stone tools, indicate a signifi cant role of fi shing in the Kamskaya culture’s economy. As a result of the research the peculiarities of this culture in the northeast of Europe and possible transformations of its elements in different habitats of the Vychegda and Vishera rivers basin were revealed. The main factors that influenced this difference were natural and climatic conditions and different population densities.
LIMITATIONS OF PROLONGED WEIGHT REDUCTION THERAPIES IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESE PEOPLE: A META-REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Panayotov Valentin
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Presently, obesity is endemic in many countries. Many obese patients also suffer from diseases of high social impact, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Generally, therapies combining energy­deficient diets and physical activity protocols are used for treating obesity. Nonetheless, presently, no universal intervention with exact parameters exists. The complexity of the problem is further exacerbated by difficulties associated with long-term weight maintenance following weight reduction therapies. Purpose and objectives of the study. This analysis attempts to assess the impact of duration of combined diet-and-exercise weight reduction protocols on changes in body mass in overweight and obese people. Applied methodology. 3142 publications in total were retrieved by filtering the database of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health USA by keywords (“weight loss”, “diet” and “exercise”) for the period between 01.01.2008 and 01.01.2018. After a selection procedure was applied, 56 of them were included in this meta-regression analysis and were grouped into three strata according to duration. Achieved major results. The results showed that therapies of short to moderate duration are the most effi cient for weight reduction, with regard to both overall effects and the amount of weight reduced per week. These findings were visualized by graphical representations of the studied data. Conclusions. On our opinion, short or moderately long weight reduction therapies with scheduled interruptions should be used for treating obesity. This strategy would successfully maintain patients’ psychological wellbeing, as well as prevent relapses and “yo-yo” effects. Originality/Value. Obesity is a problem of complex origins and simple approaches such as calorie counting are rarely effective. This study proposes a “spiral” methodology – short to moderately-long hypo-caloric regimens with scheduled interruptions.
SHORT-TERM TRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE PREPARATION PERIOD IN THE ENDURANCE DISCIPLINE OF EQUESTRIAN SPORT
Authors: Nedkova-Ivanova Ruzha , Valev Yuri
Published: December 2020

The competitive pairs of horse and rider in the endurance discipline of equestrian sport in Bulgaria have ranked, in the past several years, amongst the elite contestants in Europe and the world, which has necessitated deeper studies in the areas of training methods and the ways of achieving high sport results. Therefore, this study is focused on 6 Bulgarian horses (Arabian horse and Shagya, Table 1) that are preparing for European and World championships. They were trained together under the same conditions (climate, time zone, terrain, speed) by riders with the necessary qualifications and experience. Seven training rides were performed, and the pulse was measured at the moment of the highest load, as it is the most indicative of the horse’s level of effort. By studying the pulse of horses during a training session, the research aimed to determine the efficacy of the short­term training program in the prep season. The results showed that 2 to 4 minutes after coming to a full stop, regardless of the terrain, speed (in this research between 5.2 km/h and 22.5 km/h) or distance travelled by the horses, their pulse varied between 36 and 99 bpm (beats per minute) and they improved their physical condition and increased their stamina without this leading to trauma or more serious injuries, which is a main priority in the equestrian sport and allows for the successful completion of every race. In the long run, such a training methodology will allow the horses to be trained and ready to race at any time. Monitoring the heart rate and keeping it within the studied limits showed that this was the optimal option for a training regime for the six examined horses. In the situation with the COVID-19 pandemic, this is a possible solution for maintaining athletic fitness in endurance horses.
Perancangan Komunikasi Visual Desain Website “Muggle Division” Menggunakan Kaidah UI & UX
Authors: Endra Prastowo Gilang , Prajarini Dian
Published: December 2020

"Muggle Division" is engaged in convection production services,founded 5 years ago, so far using Instagram promotion media.However, when social media cannot provide clear and completeinformation, problems arise such as when consumers are about toorder and have to wait for customer service to respond for quite along time. Therefore we need media to answer these obstacles,namely the website, to provide more complete, clear information andorder input services without having to wait for customer serviceresponses. This study aims to design a "Muggle Division" websiteequipped with a self-service order feature. The user experiencedesign method used is the five planes user experience elementsmethod followed by writing HTML, CSS, and Javascript tags. Theresult of the design is a "Muggle Division" website with UI and UXrules. The use of UI methods includes color, layout, typography,whitespace, icons, and animation. The use of the UX method is in thestep by the step payment system and page login which provides theoption of page register for visitors who are not yet a member of the"Muggle Division".
Adaptive Walks and Fitness Peak Climbing: Language Learning as Inducing Adaptive Change in L2 Systems
Authors: Kumai William
Published: December 2020

This paper adopts the perspective of students, groups, and entire classes as being complex adaptive systems, or CAS. Two important concepts from complexity theory, adaptive walks and fitness landscapes, can be used to create optimal language learning conditions for producing changes in students’ L2 systems. Every configuration of L2 traits a student might have can be assigned a fitness value, that is, an L2 competence level. The set of all such values creates an abstract landscape, the fitness landscape. By changing traits, the position on the landscape changes, meaning a student can take a journey on the landscape, known as an adaptive walk, in the search for higher peaks, that is, higher competence. The goal becomes establishing conditions in which adaptive walks are encouraged. Several L2 activities are introduced as applications of these ideas.

学生、グループ、およびクラス全体は、複雑系適応システムと考えられる。複雑系理論における2つの概念、アダプティブ・ウォーク(適応型歩行)とフィットネス・ランドスケープは、言語学習に最適な条件を創り出す一助となる。それぞれの学生は皆、文法や発音など異なるレベルのL2 スキルを保有している。これらのスキルを組み合わせることで全体的な L2 能力すなわちフィットネス・バリューを生み出すことが可能となる。このような異なるレベルの組み合わせによる全てのユニットとそれに伴うフィットネス・バリューはフィットネス・ランドスケーブ(適応度地形)を創りだす。ある L2 スキルが向上または低下する時、フィットネス・バリューは変化する。それによってランドスケープ上の位置が変化する。スキルのレベル変化を通じて学生はアダプティブ・ウォークとして知られるランドスケープを旅する。旅の到達目標は、アダプティブ・ウォークを奨励してランドスケープ上の高位のフィットネルピークを見出すことである。これらの理念の応用としていくつかの L2 アクティビティを導入する。
Familiarity and Unfamiliarity: My Language Learning Journey
Authors: Nakachi Kento
Published: December 2020

Sharing various types of language learning experiences can help learners to develop their language learning strategies. It can also help educators to become aware of how an instructional approach can impact their students. This paper illustrates how I, a Japanese university student, have learned languages, how classroom instructions have affected my language learning, and in what context I have studied. Based on the languages I have learned (English, French, and Russian) and on the two of my study abroad experiences, I divided my language learning history into four sections with the correspondence of the target language and the surrounding environment: 1) learning English in Japan, 2) learning English in English-speaking countries, 3) studying French in Japan, and 4) studying Russian in the United States. This metacognitive description reveals the transition of my language learning focus and the great influence of the classroom instructions on my language learning.

様々な言語学習経験を共有することは学習者の言語学習方略の発達を手助けすることを可能にする。また, これは教育者の指導法がどのように生徒の学習に影響を与え得るのかを教師自身が認識することの手助けにもなる。本稿では, 日本人大学生である私がどのように言語を学習してきたか, 教室で受ける指導がどのように私の言語学習に影響を与えてきたか, そしてどのような環境で私が言語を学んできたかを概観する。私の学習してきた言語(英語, フランス語, ロシア語)と二回の留学経験を基に, 目標言語と学習環境を対応させながら, 自分の言語学習経験を 1) 日本での英語学習, 2) 英語圏での英語学習, 3) 日本でのフランス語学習, 4) アメリカでのロシア語学習の四つに分類した。このメタ認知的な論説を通して, 私の言語学習における焦点の遷移と,これまで私が受けてきた授業が私の言語学習に及ぼした影響を明らかにする。
Creating a comfortable environment as a basis of effectiveness of museum communication
Authors: Soshnikov Andrii , Ivashchenko Olha
Published: December 2020

The article identifies priorities for creating a comfortable environment in museums as the basics of museum communication. It develops basic principles of creating a comfort zone as the basics for museum communication. The authors applied methods of analysis, synthesis and creative generalizations of empirical material.
In Ukrainian museum studies, an analysis of comfortable being in the museum as the basics of museum communication has been initiated. The authors note that the modern visitor has long ceased to be a passive observer, he takes a clear position regarding both the traditional functions of the museum and the field of museum services. The relationship between the museum and the visitor continues to develop toward the role increase of the latter. The openness of the museum to the visitor should be implemented at all levels of museum activities: from the development of infrastructure to the revision of the concepts of the museum's permanent exhibition. Creating a renewed, attractive, comfortable environment in museums requires major changes, innovations, and experiments. In this regard, there will be a need to deepen interaction with the visitor not only at the formal level but to develop mutual communication and participation of visitors in special programs, discussions and other museum events, thus, increasing the time spent in the museum.
SALGIN SÜRECİNDE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ YÜKSEKÖĞRETİM KURUMLARININ ACİL UZAKTAN ÖĞRETİM UYGULAMALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAVUZ Mehmet , KAYALI Bünyami , BALAT Şener , KARAMAN Selçuk
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı; üniversitelerin Covid-19 döneminde gerçekleştirdikleri uzaktan öğretim faaliyetlerini ve salgın sonrasına ilişkin uzaktan öğretime yönelik planlamalarını incelemektir. Bu amaçla, Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) tarafından belirlenen standartlara göre oluşturulmuş 189 üniversiteye ait Covid-19 dönemi faaliyet raporları incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi kullanılarak yürütülen bu çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak ise doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulmuş “Üniversitelerin salgın dönemi faaliyet inceleme formu” kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş ve kod, kategori ve temalar oluşturulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda üniversitelerde salgın döneminde uzaktan öğretim uygulamalarının üç hafta içerisinde tamamen başladığı ve uygulamalarda çeşitlilik olduğu görülmüştür. Bu dönemde bazı üniversiteler ders notu ve ilgili kaynaklar paylaşırken bazılarının ise asenkron uygulamaların yanında farklı yoğunluklarda senkron uygulamalara yer verdiği görülmüştür. Yine salgın döneminde farklı araçlar kullanıldığı ve bunların birçoğunun salgın döneminde temin edildiği görülmüştür. Üniversitelerin ilk kez zorunlu olarak geçtikleri bu uygulamada öğrenci ve öğretim elemanlarını desteklemek için mevcut kaynakları kullanarak öğrenci ve öğretim elamanlarına ulaşmaya çalışmış, farklı seviyelerde destek hizmetleri yürütmüştür. Son olarak uzaktan eğitim altyapısına sahip üniversitelerin mevcut sistemi güçlendirmeye yönelik çalışmalar gerçekleştirdiği, bu konuda çok fazla birikimi olmayan üniversitelerin ise daha büyük çaplı altyapı yatırımlarının yanında kurumsallaşmaya yönelik ders ve program seviyesinde yeni planlamalar yaptıkları görülmüştür.
Foreign Labor Shortages in the Malaysian Palm Oil Industry: Impacts and Recommendations
Authors:   Universiti Malaya, Crowley Megan
Published: December 2020

Malaysia’s plantation industry and economy, as a whole, has benefitted from foreign labor and remains crucially dependent upon it. Yet, this dependence can prevent optimum productivity by disincentivizing mechanization and innovation. Furthermore, foreign workers have historically filled gaps left by Malaysians seeking higher education and higher-income jobs, but evolving policies and practices in Malaysia’s plantation sector, occurring alongside expansion of Indonesia’s plantation sector, are changing the nature of the mechanization-versus-cheaplabor dichotomy that has long affected the industry. While there has been a fair amount of research dedicated to technical advancements in palm oil harvesting, as well as quantitative analyses of economic impacts of migrant labor across multiple industries, the current discourse lacks primary qualitative data on the impacts of recent migration trends on mechanization, productivity, safety, and worker turnover in plantations. This paper explores these questions through interviews conducted with key stakeholders from several levels of Malaysia’s palm oil industry, including individuals affiliated with plantation companies, government ministries, non-governmental organizations, and universities/research institutions. Results of this analysis suggest that foreign worker inflows are insufficient to satisfy labor requirements, even as technology and farming best practices are increasingly adopted. Increased focus on genetic innovation and diversification, as well as social and educational program improvement, are necessary to address labor and productivity challenges. Moreover, a focus on replacing foreign labor with local labor is not maximally effective and should instead be shifted to retaining foreign labor and, where relevant, training Malaysians for more technical and managerial positions in the industry.
Emergence of Producer Companies as Innovative Institutions for Agriculture Development in India: Issues and Challenges
Authors:   Indian Institute of Plantation Management, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Shilpa S K
Published: December 2020

Small and marginal farmers encounter several challenges in managing their farms, the major being limited investment capacity, access to inputs, water, power, and credit. In India, the Ministry of Agriculture recognized the collectivization of these farmers into producer organizations (POs) as the most appropriate institutional form to leverage farmers’ production and marketing capacities. The study aims to understand the characteristics of producer companies (PCs) and identify the issues and challenges in the emergence of PCs through a quantitative study of all PCs registered in the country using secondary data and a qualitative study based on interviews with 192 PC directors, members, and 11 promoting institutions. The formation and development of PCs are being actively undertaken by government and their agencies with major financial support from the Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium (SFAC) and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), with technical support from resource support agencies. A total of 7,381 PCs were registered by March 2019, across 33 states and union territories, and 2,749 PCs were active as of March 2018. PCs face numerous challenges, the major being shortage of investment and working capital, compliance-related problems, lack of vision and direction from the board and poor professional management. From the perspective of the producer organization promoting institutions or POPIs, the major issues were attitude of farmers, limited number of members, poor equity base, subsidy driven process, and non-result-oriented approach of the PCs.
MECHANICAL ESOPHAGEAL ANASTOMOSES
Authors: Shestakov A. L. , Tadzhibova I. M. , Cherepanin A. I. , Bezaltynnykh A. A. , Shakhbanov M. E.
Published: December 2020

This article gives an overview of mechanical esophageal anastomosis. The results of the esophageal anastomoses formation by using circular and linear stitching devices (staplers) by Russian and foreign authors are presented in chronological order. The faults of staplers, complications associated with them are described. The importance of the problem related to the choice of anastomotic technique to reduce the risks of specific complications such as leakage and stricture of esophageal anastomosis was remarked by authors. The advantages and disadvantages of the currently known esophageal anastomotic methods have been analyzed. It was noted that mechanical side-to-side anastomoses are associated with low frequency of leakage, stricture, postoperative mortality, that’s why they have become preferable, especially in the mini-invasive reconstructive surgery. The authors concluded that the question about the feasibility of mechanical esophageal anastomoses formation is not answered, the evaluation of the properties of modern staplers and the search for the best esophageal anastomotic method are relevant for modern surgery.
METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE RISKS OF COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HERNIAS OF THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL. REVIEW
Authors: Samartcev V. A. , Gavrilov V. A. , Parshakov A. A. , Kanaeva M. A.
Published: December 2020

The work is based on the analysis of literature data devoted to the problem of assessing postoperative complications in patients with primary and incisional hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. The main purpose of this review is identifying existing methods for assessing local, general perioperative complications and determining of the most reliable prognostic scales and methods for assessing risk factors among the existing ones.

The first part of the article is devoted to the assessment of the general condition of patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall. The existing scales for assessing modifiable risk factors (MFR), methods of preventing complications, including abdominal bandage, are considered. The main risk factors were determined: CDC wound class, patient age, hernia size, smoking, diabetes, risk 3 and higher according to ASA.

In the second part, the assessment of risk factors for complications from the surgical site is considered. The problem of terminology standardization, the difference between surgical site infection (SSI), adverse surgical events (SSO) and surgical site occurrences requiring procedural interventions (SSOPI) is described. Scales for assessing the risks of perioperative complications are presented. The evolution of SSO assessment methods from a four level to a three level scale is described. The Russian experience in assessing the combination of MFR is presented.

The third part describes the importance of evaluating post traumatic stress disorder in patients as a risk factor for an unfavorable course of the postoperative period. The European EuraHS QoL Questionnaire, recommended for use in the European Hernia Registry, is presented. The section also highlights the relevance of the selection of patients with hernias in outpatient surgery and one day hospitals.

The main idea of developing modern methods for assessing complications after hernioplasty is a comprehensive assessment of the patient's individual profile before operations for primary and incisional hernias in different risk groups. Priority should be given to tailored specific electronic questionnaires.
PARASITIC ABSCESS AS AN INCIDENTAL HISTOLOGICAL FINDING IN THE TREATMENT OF SIGMOID COLON CANCER
Authors: Galliamov E. A. , Agapov M. A. , Mal’kov P. G. , Markaryan D. R. , Danilova N. V. , Kakotkin V. V. , Kazachenko E. A. , Lukyanov A. M. , Oleynikova N. A. , Kubyshkin V. A.
Published: December 2020

Background: A high worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer defines the importance of search not only for effective treatment methods, but also for risk factors for the cancer development and its worst prognosis. The influence of many genetic factors, environmental characteristics and lifestyle features has already been proven, and recently the attention of researchers is being focused on the study of microbiota and, in particular, various parasitic intestinal diseases in the context of risk factors for colorectal cancer.Clinical case presentation: we demonstrate an incidental finding of parasitic invasion signs during the pathomorphological examination of the surgical specimen in a patient without an epidemiological history.Conclusion: Further studies are needed not only to confirm and substantiate the role of micro- and macroorganisms inhabiting the intestine in the development of oncological diseases, but also to identify individual links of pathogenesis, pathological pathways and signaling molecules involved in carcinogenesis. Research like this could help broaden knowledge about both the risk factors and predictors of colorectal cancer and the potential sites for targeted therapy.
Rate Coefficients for Dielectronic Recombination of Carbon-like 40Ca14+
Authors: Wen W. Q. , Huang Z. K. , Wang S. X. , Khan N. , Wang H. B. , Chen C. Y. , Zhang C. Y. , Preval S. , Badnell N. R. , Ma W. L. , Chen D. Y. , Liu X. , Zhao D. M. , Mao L. J. , Li J. , Ma X. M. , Tang M. T. , Yin D. Y. , Yang W. Q. , Yuan Y. J. , Yang J. C. , Zhu L. F. , Ma X.
Published: December 2020

Dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for carbon-like 40Ca14+ forming nitrogen-like 40Ca13+ have been measured using the electron–ion merged-beam technique at the heavy-ion storage ring CSRm at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou, China. The measured DR rate coefficients in the energy range from 0 to 92 eV cover most of the DR resonances associated with 2s
22p
2 → 2s
22p
2 and 2s
22p
2 → 2s2p
3 core transitions (ΔN = 0). Theoretical calculations of the DR cross sections were carried out by using two different state-of-the-art atomic theoretical techniques, multiconfiguration Breit–Pauli (MCBP) code AUTOSTRUCTURE and relativistic configuration interaction code FAC, to compare with the experimental rate coefficients. The theoretical calculations agree with the experimental results at collision energy higher than 10 eV. However, significant discrepancies of resonance energies and strengths can be found at collision energy below 8 eV. Temperature-dependent plasma recombination rate coefficients were derived from the measured DR rate coefficients in the energy range from 0.1 to 1000 eV and compared with the recommended atomic data from the literature. The theoretical data of Gu et al. and Zatsarinny et al. are 30% lower than the experimental results at the temperatures of photoionized plasmas, but have a very good agreement at the temperatures of collisionally ionized plasmas. Other previously published theoretical data of Jacobs et al. and Mazzotta et al. by using Burgess formula and LS-coupling calculations significantly underestimate the plasma rate coefficients in the low temperature range. The present results comprise a set of benchmark data suitable for astrophysical modeling.
Dual Effects of Ram Pressure on Star Formation in Multiphase Disk Galaxies with Strong Stellar Feedback
Authors: Lee Jaehyun , Kimm Taysun , Katz Harley , Rosdahl Joakim , Devriendt Julien , Slyz Adrianne
Published: December 2020

We investigate the impact of ram pressure stripping due to the intracluster medium (ICM) on star-forming disk galaxies with a multiphase interstellar medium maintained by strong stellar feedback. We carry out radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of an isolated disk galaxy embedded in a 1011
M
⊙ dark matter halo with various ICM winds mimicking the cluster outskirts (moderate) and the central environment (strong). We find that both star formation quenching and triggering occur in ram pressure–stripped galaxies, depending on the strength of the winds. H i and H2 in the outer galactic disk are significantly stripped in the presence of moderate winds, whereas turbulent pressure provides support against ram pressure in the central region, where star formation is active. Moderate ICM winds facilitate gas collapse, increasing the total star formation rates by ∼40% when the wind is oriented face-on or by ∼80% when it is edge-on. In contrast, strong winds rapidly blow away neutral and molecular hydrogen gas from the galaxy, suppressing star formation by a factor of 2 within ∼200 Myr. Dense gas clumps with n
H ≳ 10 M
⊙ pc−2 are easily identified in extraplanar regions, but no significant young stellar populations are found in such clumps. In our attempts to enhance radiative cooling by adopting a colder ICM of T = 106 K, only a few additional stars are formed in the tail region, even if the amount of newly cooled gas increases by an order of magnitude.
Search for Off-pulse Emission in Long-period Pulsars
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze George I.
Published: December 2020

We have revisited the problem of off-pulse emission in pulsars, where a detailed search for the presence of low-level radio emission outside the pulse window is carried out. The presence of off-pulse emission was earlier reported in two long-period pulsars, PSR B0525+21 and B2046–16, at frequencies below 1 GHz using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). However, subsequent studies did not detect off-pulse emission from these pulsars at higher radio frequencies (>1 GHz). We have carefully inspected the analysis scheme used in the earlier detections and found an anomaly with data editing routines used, which resulted in leakage of signal from the on-pulse to the off-pulse region. We show that the earlier detections from PSR B0525+21 and B2046–16 were a result of this leakage. The above analysis scheme has been modified and offline gating has been used to search for off-pulse emission in 21 long-period pulsars (P > 1.2 s) at different observing frequencies of GMRT. The presence of low-level off-pulse emission of the peak flux 0.5 mJy was detected in the brightest pulsar in this list, PSR 0B0628–28, with an off-pulse to average pulsar flux ratio of 0.25%. We suggest that coherent radio emission resulting due to cyclotron resonance near the light cylinder can be a possible source for the off-pulse emission in this pulsar.
A Catalog of Broad Morphology of Pan-STARRS Galaxies Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Goddard Hunter , Shamir Lior
Published: December 2020

Autonomous digital sky surveys such as Pan-STARRS have the ability to image a very large number of galactic and extragalactic objects, and the large and complex nature of the image data reinforces the use of automation. Here we describe the design and implementation of a data analysis process for automatic broad morphology annotation of galaxies, and applied it to the data of Pan-STARRS DR1. The process is based on filters followed by a two-step convolutional neural network (CNN) classification. Training samples are generated by using an augmented and balanced set of manually classified galaxies. Results are evaluated for accuracy by comparison to the annotation of Pan-STARRS included in a previous broad morphology catalog of Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies. Our analysis shows that a CNN combined with several filters is an effective approach for annotating the galaxies and removing unclean images. The catalog contains morphology labels for 1,662,190 galaxies with ∼95% accuracy. The accuracy can be further improved by selecting labels above certain confidence thresholds. The catalog is publicly available.
Typification of Juniperus pingii W.C.Cheng (Cupressaceae)
Authors: Yang Yong , Hoch Jean
Published: December 2020

W.C.Cheng validly published the name Juniperus pingii W.C.Cheng in 1944 by providing a validating Latin diagnosis in de Ferré (1944), but he failed to cite any specimen. He repeated the publication of the name in 1947 with the same Latin diagnosis; he thus published an isonym “J. pingii” under Art. 6 Note 2. Cheng (1947) lectotypified the name J. pingii when he designated W.C.Cheng 1015 as the “type” of the isonym. Farjon (2005) overlooked this early designation and his lectotypification of the name with the illustration from the 1944 protologue is not effective as the W.C.Cheng 1015 specimen is extant.