bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurable outcomes for pediatric epileptic encephalopathy: a single‐center experience with corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Gofshteyn Jacqueline S. , Gurcharran Kevin , Marquis Belinda O. , Lamothe Jacqueline , Gourley Dena , Grinspan Zachary , Nangia Srishti
Published: March 2021

Objective: Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat refractory epilepsy in children, but the heterogeneity of the population and lack of standardized outcome measures have limited understanding of their effectiveness. We conducted a single‐center study of corticosteroids for epileptic encephalopathy to (a) identify domains for measurement and estimate potential effect sizes, (b) characterize heterogeneity, and (c) identify outcomes that may need better tools for measurement.

Methods: In this retrospective single‐center cohort study, children with epileptic encephalopathy (excluding infantile spasms) were treated with a standardized course of oral dexamethasone or IV methylprednisolone. Long‐term video electroencephalography (EEG) was assessed via novel ordinal scales for five features: seizure semiology/burden, epileptiform activity, slowing, organization, and sleep architecture. We abstracted parental assessment of functional domains (i.e., cognition) from the medical records. Pre‐treatment and post‐treatment EEG features, functional domains, and treatment regimens were compared.

Results: Thirty‐five children with refractory epilepsy were included. Overall, 16/35 (46%) of individuals had a >50% reduction in seizure frequency from the pre‐treatment EEG to the initial post‐treatment EEG. In particular, tonic seizures (in a subset of 23 children) were reduced (24‐hour tonic seizure count pre‐treatment was 8 [4‐13] and 3 [1‐5] post‐treatment EEG#1, p=0.04). For follow‐up post‐treatment EEGs, there was: (1) better formation of sleep spindles (37% normal pre‐treatment to 63% normal post‐treatment; p=0.04); and (2) improvement in parental reported cognition (in 43%). Improved cognition was the only outcome that differed between the dexamethasone and methylprednisolone treated groups (58% for dexamethasone [n=11/19] vs. 25% for methylprednisolone [n=4/16]; p=0.03).

Significance: Large studies should be powered to detect reductions in seizures (particularly tonic as we identified a 2.6‐fold reduction), improved EEG organization, and improved sleep architecture (21 percentage points). Cognitive improvements following steroid treatment, reported by parents, should be quantified and fully characterized in future work.
Cognitive tasks as provocation methods in routine EEG: a multicentre field study
Authors: Braga Patricia , Mameniskiené Rüta , Guaranha Mirian , Zeissig Eleonora Vega , Samaitienė Rüta , Özcelik Emel Ur , Bogacz Alicia , Lin Katia , Gardella Elena , Yacubian Elza Márcia , Baykan Betül , Legnani Mariana , Beniczky Sándor , Navickiene Eglè , Jasionis Arminas , Lunardi Mariana , Falco Graciela , Wolf Peter
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the effect of neuropsychological activation methods on interictal epileptiform discharges, compared to standard activation methods, for both focal and generalized epilepsies.

Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective study including 429 consecutive EEG recordings of individuals with confirmed or suspected diagnosis of epilepsy. Neuropsychological activation included reading aloud in foreign and native language, praxis and a letter cancelation task (each with a duration of three minutes). After counting interictal discharges in three‐minute time windows, activation and inhibition were assessed for each procedure, accounting for spontaneous fluctuations (95% CI) and compared to the baseline condition with eyes closed. Differences between generalized and focal epilepsies were explored.

Results: Interictal epileptiform discharges were present in 59.4% of the recordings. Activation was seen during hyperventilation in 31%, in at least one neuropsychological activation method in 15.4%), during intermittent photic simulation in 13.1% and in the resting condition with eyes open in 9.9%. The most frequent single cognitive task eliciting activation was praxis (10.3%). Lasting activation responses were found in 18–25%. Significant inhibition was found in 88/98 patients with baseline interictal epileptiform discharges, and was not task‐specific.

Significance: Adding a brief neuropsychological activation protocol to the standard EEG slightly increased its sensitivity in patients with either focal or generalized epilepsy. However, in unselected epilepsy patients, this effect seems only exceptionally to result in ultimate diagnostic gain, compared to standard procedures. From a diagnostic perspective, cognitive tasks should be reserved for patients with a suspicion of cognitive reflex epilepsy/seizures and probably require longer exposure times. Further research is needed to explore potential therapeutic applications of the observed inhibition of interictal epileptiform discharges by cognitive tasks in some patients.
Clinical management of voice and breathing problems in two patients with vagus nerve stimulation therapy
Authors: Alantie Sonja , Makkonen Tanja , Hietala Satu , Peltola Jukka
Published: March 2021

We report two cases highlighting the diversity of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS)‐related effects on voice and breathing in patients with refractory epilepsy. The patients had both implantation and stimulation‐related side effects, which lasted for several months, impacting on their quality of life. The adverse effects appear to be due to recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis‐related vocal cord hypofunction and stimulation‐related vocal fold spasms, however, their inter‐relationship is complex. In one of the patients, we were able to utilize the novel programming capabilities of the VNS device to reduce the laryngeal side effects without compromising therapeutic efficacy. [Published with video sequences].
Surgery for drug‐resistant tuberous sclerosis complex‐associated epilepsy: who, when, and what
Authors: Specchio Nicola , Pepi Chiara , de Palma Luca , Moavero Romina , De Benedictis Alessandro , Marras Carlo Efisio , Vigevano Federico , Curatolo Paolo
Published: March 2021

Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem genetic disorder associated with refractory early‐onset epilepsy. Current evidence supports surgery as the intervention most likely to achieve long‐term seizure freedom, but no specific guidelines are available on TSC pre‐surgical workup. This critical review assesses which TSC patients are suitable for surgical treatment, when pre‐surgical evaluation should start, and what degree of surgical resection is optimal for postsurgical outcome.

Methods: We searched for publications from 2000 to 2020 in Pubmed and Embase using the terms “tuberous sclerosis,” “epilepsy,” and “epilepsy surgery”. To evaluate postsurgical seizure outcome, we selected only studies with at least one year of follow‐up.

Results: Overall, we collected data on 1,026 patients from 34 studies. Age at surgery ranged from one month to 54 years. Mean age at surgery was 8.41 years. Of the diagnostic non‐invasive pre‐surgical tools, MRI and video‐EEG were considered most appropriate. Promising data for epileptogenic tuber detection is provided from invasive SEEG studies. Data on surgery and related outcome were available for 769 patients. Seizure freedom was seen in 64.4% of patients who underwent tuberectomy, 68.9% treated with lobectomy and 65.1% with multilobar resection. The most effective surgical approach was lobectomy, even though more recently tuberectomy associated with the resection of the perituberal area seems to be the best approach to reach seizure freedom. Published postsurgical seizure freedom rates in patients with TSC were between 65% and 75%, but reduced to 48%‐57% over longer follow‐up periods. Early surgery might positively affect neurodevelopmental trajectory in some patients, even though data on cognitive outcome are still to be confirmed with longitudinal studies.

Significance: Considering the strong correlation between epilepsy duration and neurocognitive outcome, all patients with TSC ought to be referred early to a dedicated epilepsy centre for individually tailored pre‐surgical evaluation by a multi‐disciplinary epilepsy surgery team.
The aetiologies of epilepsy
Authors: Balestrini Simona , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Blümcke Ingmar , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Wiebe Samuel , Zelano Johan , Walker Matthew C.
Published: March 2021

The identification of the aetiology of a patient's epilepsy is instrumental in the diagnosis, prognostic counselling and management of the epilepsies. Indeed, the aetiology can be important for determining the recurrence risk of single seizures and so for making a diagnosis of epilepsy. Here, we divide the aetiologies into six categories: structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune (all of which are part of the International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] classification system) and neurodegenerative (which we have considered separately because of its growing importance in epilepsy). These are not mutually exclusive categories and many aetiologies fall into more than one category. Indeed, genetic factors probably play a role, to varying degrees, in the risk of seizures in all people with epilepsy. In each of the categories, we discuss what we regard as the most important aetiologies; importance being determined not only by prevalence but also by clinical significance. The introduction contains information suitable for level 1 competency (entry level), whilst the subsequent sections contain information aimed at level 2 competency (proficiency level) as part of the new ILAE competency‐based curriculum. As we move towards precision medicine and targeted therapies, so aetiologies will play an even greater role in the management of epilepsy.
Confiabilidad por el método test retest del Barómetro de la Familia versión peruana
Authors: Rivera Renzo , Castro Rodolfo J.
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la confiabilidad del Barómetro de la Familia por medio del método test retest.Método: Estudio de tipo instrumental, se evaluó a 299 personas que vivían con sus parejas y/o hijos al momento de ser evaluados, el 83,6 % de la muestra fueron mujeres. El rango de edad fluctuó entre los 18 y 65 años (M=40,7 años). El Barómetro de la Familia (versión peruana) está compuesto por 98 ítems con diferentes opciones de respuesta (dicotómico, Likert, respuesta múltiple nominal y abierto de respuesta numérica) que evalúan la estructura y la dinámica familiar, además de la percepción que se tiene sobre temas relacionados a la familia como el aborto o el matrimonio. Se aplicaron los estadísticos kappa de Cohen (κ) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI).Resultados: La mayoría de reactivos que indagan sobre la estructura, dinámica familiar, violencia y conductas de riesgo son confiables (κ≥ 0,4 o CCI≥ 0,4). Por otro lado, preguntas sobre la separación, matrimonio, homosexualidad y aborto no son confiables (κ< 0,4 o CCI< 0,4).Conclusión: El cuestionario del Barómetro de la Familia demostró ser confiable en la medición de diversas características familiares en la población peruana.
Síntomas emocionales y compras por pánico durante la pandemia de COVID-19: Un análisis de trayectoria
Authors: Orellana Carlos I. , Orellana Ligia M.
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Examinar las manifestaciones y los vínculos entre síntomas emocionales y las compras por pánico durante la aplicación de medidas de cuarentena domiciliar debido a la pandemia de COVID-19.

Método: Una muestra no probabilística de 339 residentes en El Salvador, mayores de 18 años, respondió un cuestionario en línea. El instrumento constaba de datos sociodemográficos, ítems sobre percepciones sobre la pandemia, una escala sobre compras por pánico y la escala abreviada de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados, incluyendo un análisis de trayectoria o path analysis.  

Resultados: Casi 40% de la muestra incurrió en compras por pánico. Las compras por pánico se asocian con depresión, ansiedad y estrés, y con el interés en la pandemia y la percepción de alteración de rutinas. El análisis de trayectoria comprueba que, indirectamente, la depresión desincentiva la compra por pánico y la ansiedad la incentiva. El estrés ejerce un efecto positivo indirecto a través del interés en el tema y la alteración de rutinas, y un efecto directo sobre las compras por pánico.

Conclusión: La depresión, ansiedad y estrés se relacionan de manera diferencial con percepciones y comportamientos asociados al afrontamiento de la pandemia. El estrés constituye una respuesta adaptativa a la demanda de la situación y las compras por pánico una forma de paliar las emociones negativas suscitadas por la crisis. El interés en estos patrones de compra debe contemplar el contexto consumista en el que ocurren y las formas de afrontamiento en función del poder adquisitivo.
A SCOPING REVIEW OF THE “NEST/NNEST STUDIES” IN TURKEY: A COUNTRY IN FOCUS
Authors: SELVİ Ali Fuad
Published: March 2021

Parallel to the increasing growth in critical approaches to ELT since the 1970s and the exponential interest in (second) language teacher identity since the late 1990s, we have been witnessing the emergence of what some scholars call “NEST/NNEST studies” as a bona fide area of inquiry in ELT and applied linguistics. However, even a cursory overview of the existing literature and review studies reveal that country-specific investigations providing systematic overviews of research efforts in local contexts are often absent in such investigations. In order to respond to this need, this scoping review of 85 studies (43 peer-reviewed journal articles, 7 book chapters, 26 master’s theses, and 9 doctoral dissertations) published between 2000 and 2020 presents a systematic overview of scholarship focusing on language teacher identities. The results indicate this strand of inquiry exhibits an increasing trend, both quantitatively and qualitatively. It is also shown these studies would further benefit from greater theoretical depth, conceptual stringency, methodological rigor, and empirical coherence. It is hoped that this inquiry will provide a first systematic step towards a more comprehensive understanding of the current state of the field in the local context and possible future directions for novice and experienced scholars.
MÜZİK EĞİTİMİ İLE İLGİLİ TR DİZİN VERİ TABANINDA YAYINLANAN ARAŞTIRMALARIN EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ÖZER Zeynep , DEMİRBATIR Rasim Erol
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, müzik eğitimi ile ilgili TR Dizin veri tabanında 2015-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan araştırmaların dergi adı ve yılı, yazar sayısı, konusu, çalışma grubu, yöntemi, veri toplama araçları ve veri analiz yöntemleri doğrultusunda eğilimlerini belirlemektir. Çalışmada karma yöntem yaklaşımlarından keşfedici sıralı karma yöntem deseni kullanılmıştır. Makalelerin analizi için Sözbilir vd. (2012) tarafından geliştirilen “Makale Sınıflama Formu” alana uygun bir biçimde revize edilerek kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, makalelerin yıllara göre dağılımlarında 2017 yılının alanla ilgili çalışmaların en çok yayımlandığı yıl olarak öne çıktığı, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi ve Turkish Studies (Elektronik) dergilerinde alanda ilgili yayınların en çok yer aldığı, tek yazarlı ve iki yazarlı çalışmaların üç ve dört yazarlı çalışmalara oranla yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Makaleler konu bazlı sınıflandırıldığında ise çalgı eğitimi ile ilgili çalışmaların ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Betimsel istatistikler ve içerik analizi sonuçları çalgı eğitimi ile ilgili daha fazla araştırma olduğunu göstermiştir. İncelenen makalelerde mesleki müzik eğitimi alan lisans öğrencilerinin çalışma grubunu oluşturduğu araştırmaların büyük bir farkla öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir.
ÖZEL EĞİTİM ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ EĞİTİM FELSEFESİ DERSİNE İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: İNCE Mehmet , YIKMIŞ Göksel
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışmada, özel eğitim öğretmen adaylarının eğitim felsefesi dersine ilişkin görüşleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla 2018/2019 eğitim öğretim yılında eğitim felsefesi dersini almış olan gönüllü olarak çalışmaya katılım gösteren 20 özel eğitim öğretmen adayının görüşleri alınmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden iç içe geçmiş tek durum deseni şeklinde desenlemiştir. Araştırmada, nitel veri toplama tekniklerinden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılarak veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, betimsel analiz yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, özel eğitim öğretmen adayları, eğitim felsefesi dersinin işlenişinde kullanılan yöntem ve teknikleri yeterli bulmadıklarını, ders saatini yetersiz gördüklerini, kendilerine daha fazla söz hakkı verilmesi gerektiğini düşündüklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğu eğitim felsefesi dersinin gereksiz olduğunu ve ders seçme havuzundan seçilen bir ders olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcıların yarısının benimsediği bir eğitim felsefesi olmadığı ve en çok benimsenen eğitim felsefesinin pragmatizm ve progressivizm olduğu bulgular arasındadır. Öğretmen adaylarına daha fazla söz hakkı verilmesi, derslerin sunular yerine farklı yöntemler ile tartışmaya dayalı işlenmesi, ders saatinin arttırılması çalışmanın önerileri arasında yer almaktadır.
ORTAOKUL ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN MATEMATİK ODAKLI AKADEMİK RİSK ALMA DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELLEMESİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Kübra , AÇIKGÜL Kübra
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin cinsiyetleri, sınıf düzeyleri, matematiğe karşı tutum düzeyi ve matematiksel üstbilişsel farkındalık düzeylerinin birbiri üzerindeki ve matematik odaklı akademik risk alma davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemektir. Araştırma ilişkisel araştırma modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini uygun örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 895 ortaokul (6, 7 ve 8. sınıf) öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Matematiksel Üstbiliş Farkındalık Ölçeği, Matematiğe Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği ve Matematik Odaklı Akademik Risk Alma Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi (YEM) ile analiz edilmiştir. YEM analizi sonucunda araştırma kapsamında kuramsal bilgilere dayalı olarak geliştirilen 9 hipotezden 4’ü kabul edilmiş, 5’i ise reddedilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre, matematiğe karşı tutum, matematiksel üstbilişsel farkındalık değişkenlerinin akademik risk alma değişkenine ilişkin varyansın %68’ini açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca araştırmada cinsiyet ve matematiğe karşı tutum değişkenlerinin matematiksel üstbilişsel farkındalık değişkenine ilişkin varyansın %49’unu açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir.
EĞİTİMDE ARTIRILMIŞ GERÇEKLİK TEKNOLOJİSİ ÜZERİNE YAPILMIŞ AKADEMİK TEZLERİN BİBLİYOGRAFİK YÖNTEMLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: TÜRKER Orhun
Published: March 2021

Artırılmış gerçeklik günümüzde hemen hemen her alanda kullanılan bir teknolojidir. Özellikle yeni gelişen teknolojiler ve görüntüleme sistemleriyle hayatımızda geniş bir yer kaplayan artırılmış gerçekliğin, eğitim alanında da kullanımının yaygınlaştığı, eğitim faaliyetlerinde sürekli geliştirilebilen teknolojik bir materyal olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları, 2020 yılında TÜBİTAK tarafından öncelikli teknolojik alan olarak seçilmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı ise eğitimde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisinin kullanımıyla ilgili olarak eğitim öğretim alanında yayımlanmış lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyografik yöntemle incelenmesidir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, YÖK’ün Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nde izinli olarak yayınlanan 37 yüksek lisans ve 9 doktora tezinden elde edilmiştir. Toplamda 46 tezden elde edilen veriler üniversite, yıl, tür, yöntem, enstitü ve bölüm ölçütlerine göre analiz edilerek nitel verilerle açıklanmıştır. Frekans-yüzde kullanılarak betimsel istatistik verileri oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonucunda, çalışmaların büyük bir kısmının yüksek lisans derecesinde olduğu, yapılan lisansüstü çalışmaların eğitim bilimleri enstitülerinde yoğunlaştığı ve araştırmalarda en çok karma yöntemin kullanıldığı görülmüştür.
MÜZİK ÖĞRETMENİ ADAYLARININ MESLEKİ KAYGI DÜZEYLERİNİN BİREYSEL ÇALGILARI VE SINIF DÜZEYLERİ BAKIMINDAN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: PARASIZ Gökalp , OKAY Hasan , KARDEŞ Barış
Published: March 2021

Eğitim ile ilgili birçok araştırmada duyuşsal niteliklerin belirlenmesi bir araştırma alanı olarak öne çıkmış ve eğitimcilerin olumlu veya olumsuz durumları, sorunları ya da fırsatları görmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Literatüre bakıldığında kaygı kavramının önemli bir bileşen olarak eğitime yönelik duyuşsal çalışmalarda ele alındığı görülebilir. Öğrenciler gibi meslek yaşantılarında öğretmenler ve öğretmen adayları da çeşitli kaygı kaynaklarından etkilenmektedir. Bu araştırma müzik öğretmenliği adaylarının mesleki kaygı düzeylerinin çalgılarına ve sınıf düzeylerine göre incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma müzik öğretmeni adaylarının çalgıları ile mesleki kaygıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için yapılan ilk araştırma olması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeline dayanan betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak Saban vd. (2004) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlanan Öğretmen Adayı Kaygı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler öğretmen adaylarından (n=499), bireysel çalgıları ve sınıf düzeylerinin sorulduğu bir çevrim içi form ile alınmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa sayısı, 0,97 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analizlerde bireysel çalgılar ile mesleki kaygı düzeyleri arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığının belirlenmesi, en önemli bulgu olarak öne çıkmıştır. Sınıf düzeyi değişkenine bakıldığında ise diğer araştırmalarda da görüldüğü gibi mesleki kaygının 1. sınıf ve 4. sınıf düzeyleri arasında mezuniyet yaklaştıkça arttığı belirlenmiştir.
5-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN SAYI VE SAYMA BECERİLERİ İLE PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YÜCE Arzu , SEZER Türker
Published: March 2021

Okul öncesi eğitime devam eden çocukların, sayı ve sayma becerileri ile problem çözme becerileri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapılan bu çalışmada, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 112’si kız, 104’ü erkek olmak üzere 5-6 yaş grubunda olan toplam 216 çocuk katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Problem Çözme Becerisi Ölçeği” ve “Erken Sayı Testi” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; problem çözme becerisi ile sayı ve sayma becerisi arasında yüksek düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında yaş değişkeninin hem sayı ve sayma becerisini hem de problem çözme becerisini etkilediği, çocukların yaşı büyüdükçe becerilerinin de geliştiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Cinsiyet ise her iki değişkeni anlamlı olarak etkilememiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlar ilgili literatür temelinde tartışılmıştır.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Characterization and Catalytic Property of Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Hydrazone Ligands
Authors: Tan Yao , Lei Yan
Published: March 2021

A new bromido-coordinated mononuclear copper(II) complex [Cu(HL1)Br2] (1), and a new mononuclear copper(II) complex [CuL2(HL2)]ClO4 · 0.5H2O (2), with the hydrazone ligands 4-tert-butyl-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (HL1) and 4-bromo-N’-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide (HL2), have been synthesized and structurally characterized by physico-chemical methods and single crystal X-ray determination. X-ray analysis indicates that the Cu atom in complex 1 is in distorted square pyramidal coordination, and that in complex 2 is in octahedral coordination. The catalytic property for epoxidation of styrene by the complexes was evaluated.
Multi-component Reactions of Cyclohexan-1,3-diketones to Produce Fused Pyran Derivatives with Antiproliferative Activities and Tyrosine Kinases and Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitions
Authors: Mohareb Rafat Milad , Ibrahim Rehab Ali , Alwan Ensaf Sultan
Published: March 2021

In this work the multi-component reactions of either of the arylhydrazocyclohexan-1,3-dione derivatives 3a–c with either of benzaldehyde (4a), 4-chlorobenzaldehyde (4b) or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (4c) and either malononitrile (5a) or ethyl cyanoacetate (5b) giving the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene derivatives 6a–r, respectively, are presented. The reaction of two equivalents of cyclohexan-1,3-dione with benzaldehyde gave the hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-dione derivative 7. On the other hand, the multi-component reactions of compound 1 with dimedone and benzaldehyde gave 13. Both of 7 and 13 underwent heterocyclization reactions to produce fused thiophene, pyran and thiazole derivatives. Selected compounds among the synthesized compounds were tested against six cancer cell lines where most of them gave high inhibitions; especially compounds 3b, 3c, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6f, 6i, 6m, 6n, 8b, 14a, 15 and 16 being the most cytotoxic compounds. Further tests against the five tyrosine kinases c-Kit, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, EGFR, and PDGFR and Pim-1 kinase showed that compounds 3c, 6c, 6d, 6f, 6n, 14a and 15 were the most potent of the tested compounds toward the five tyrosine kinases and compounds 3c, 6c, 6d, 6n and 15 displayed the highest inhibitions toward Pim-1 kinase.
Characterization of Hydration Behaviour and Modeling of Film Formulation
Authors: Pramanik Arunima , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Nandi Souvik , Nanda Ashirbad , Mallick Subrata
Published: March 2021

Hydration behavior of hydrogel-based polymeric film possesses great importance in mucosal drug delivery. Modified Lag phase sigmoid model was used for the investigation of hydration of the film. Kaolin incorporated HPMC K100LVCR (HL) and K100M (HH) films containing dexamethasone as a model drug have been prepared for studying swelling kinetics. Swelling of HL and HH films was decreased with the gradual increase of kaolin content and HH of higher viscosity has shown higher value than HL matrix. Kaolin also inhibited the film erosion process. Mathematically modified lag phase sigmoid model demonstrated similarity of the predicted swelling content with the observed value. High R2 and small RMSE value confirmed the successful fitting of the modified lag phase sigmoid model to the experimental data of swelling content. τ value similar to the observed one was obtained. This modified model could be reliable enough for estimating hydration process in food grains, food packaging films etc.
Manganese(II) β-Diketonate Complexes with Pyridin-4-one, 3-Hydroxypyridin-2-one and 1-Fluoropyridine Ligands: Molecular Structures and Hydrogen-bonded Networks
Authors: Čavić Anže , Perdih Franc
Published: March 2021

Manganese(II) bis(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenylbutane-1,3-dionate) complexes with pyridin-4-one (pyon), 3-hydroxypyridin-2-one (hpyon), 1-fluoropyridine (pyF) and methanol were prepared and the solid-state structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The coordination of the metal center in all complexes was found to be octahedral. In compounds [Mn(tfpb)2(pyon)2] (1) and [Mn(tfpb)2(hpyon)2] (2) extended hydrogen bonding is present facilitating the formation of a three-dimensional supramolecular structure in 1 and a layered structure in 2 through N–H···O hydrogen bonding enhanced by C–H···O interactions as well as C–F···π interactions. In [Mn(tfpb)2(pyF)2] (3) a layered structure is formed through C–H···O and C–H···F interactions as well as π···π and C–F···π interactions. In [Mn(tfpb)2(MeOH)2] (4) a layered structure is formed through a combination of O–H···O and C–F···π interactions.
The pattern of admission and their related outcomes in NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Authors:   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Mittal Dr. Ujjwal , Parasher Dr. Vivek ,   Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Khatri Dr. Rahul ,   Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Yadav Dr. Samarth ,   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Das Dr. Sayan ,   Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, Pacific Institute of Medical Sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Published: March 2021

Introduction: To achieve MDG4 (Millennium Developmental Goals-4), a substantial reduction inearly neonatal deaths will be required. The first steps in improving early neonatal survival are todocument the number and rate of deaths and identify their common causes. As per the NationalFamily Health Survey-3 report, the current neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in India is 39 per 1000 livebirths, neonatal deaths account for nearly 77% of all infant deaths (57/1000) and nearly half ofunder-five child deaths (74/1000). This study was undertaken to study the disease pattern andoutcome of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care teachinghospital located in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Material and methods: The age, sex, gestational age, andmorbidity and mortality profile of all NICU admissions in 5 years was determined and the differencebetween Inborn (those born in the Teaching Hospital) and Out born was calculated. Morbidity riskfactors to reduce NMR in Udaipur were determined. Results: A total of 2648 neonates wereadmitted to NICU during the study period, out of which none were excluded from the study. Theratio of Male to Female admitted was 1.30:1. The major causes of morbidity were MeconiumAspiration Syndrome (16.16%), Respiratory Distress Syndrome(10.12%), Cong. HeartDefects(8.76%), Neonatal Sepsis(4.83%) and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy(5.66%). In thisstudy, the overall mortality rate was 9.96%. Most of the Deaths were due to MAS(25.75%),RDS(15.90%), Neonatal Sepsis(10.22%), and HIE(12.87%). Neonates with birth weight <1000ghad poor outcomes compared to neonates with birth weight >2500g. Conclusion: This studyidentified Prematurity, Extremely low birth weight, MAS, and Neonatal Sepsis as major causes ofMorbidity and MAS, RDS as the major contributors to neonatal mortality. Improving antenatal care,maternal health, and timely referral of high-risk cases to tertiary care hospitals will help to improveneonatal outcomes.
Participation in paid employment among the Finnish Roma
Authors: Mannila Simo , Castaneda Anu E , Laalo Marianne , Kuusio Hannamaria
Published: March 2021

The article describes participation in paid work among Finnish Roma, based on data gathered by face-to-face interviews for the Finnish Roma Participation and Well-being Study (n = 234). We wanted to assess the relevance of some explanatory factors for the low paid work rate of the Roma, found in countries with a significant Roma minority, in the light of new material from Finland where the Roma minority is small and rather homogeneous. No earlier studies on their participation in paid work in Finland exist.The research shows the importance of education to finding paid employment, in compliance with earlier international results. Adherence to Roma culture, too, seems to cause problems to participation in paid employment. We were been able to assess discrimination at recruitment, obviously the key phase for successful or unsuccessful integration of the Roma in the Finnish labour market. Unlike in many countries, in Finland there was no significant difference in the paid employment rate of Roma men and women.
Localidades de ocorrência potencial de espécies de anfí­bios microendêmicos da Mata Atlântica: o caso do gênero Euparkerella Griffiths, 1959
Authors: Bezerra Andressa , De Carvalho Mariana , Citeli Nathalie , Carvalho-e-Silva Sergio , Hepp Fábio
Published: March 2021

Previsões para um futuro próximo indicam aumento no número de espécies ameaçadas e alto risco de extinção, principalmente para espécies endêmicas de regiões impactadas, como os anfí­bios do gênero Euparkerella. Recentemente, populações de Euparkerella encontradas em fragmentos florestais pouco amostrados têm apresentado evidências de que podem representar novas espécies. Nesse cenário, o objetivo desse estudo foi identificar remanescentes florestais climaticamente apropriados para a ocorrência do grupo através de modelos de distribuição potencial, apontando regiões não exploradas visando localizar populações que podem representar espécies desconhecidas. Os modelos foram gerados com o algoritmo Maxent e apontaram adequabilidade para a região sul, centro e norte do estado Rio de Janeiro, e centro e sul do estado do Espí­rito Santo, regiões amplamente atingidas por ações antrópicas. Os resultados indicam que o gênero Euparkerella tem sua distribuição real subestimada, e que espécies ainda não descritas podem já estar sob ameaça.
Narrative Features of Television News Layout (On the Material of the Issues of 2013–2020)
Authors: Telenkov Dmytro
Published: March 2021

The study clarifies the narrative features of the TV layout of Ukrainian TV channels in the period 2013-2020. The first stage of the study – 2015-2018, the initial expert survey – 35 interviews with graduates and editors-in-chief of Ukrainian TV channels. The second stage of the study – 2018-2020, rhetorical analysis of 80 news programs «Podrobyci» («Inter»), «TSN» («1+1»), «Sobytija», «Sjoghodni» («Ukrajina»), «Vikna» («STB»), «Fakty» («ICTV»), «Abzac» («Novyj»), «Novyny» («Pershyj»), «Pidsumky» («Era»), «Chas. Pidsumky dnja» («5 kanal»), «Novyny» («112-Ukrajina»). The third stage of the research is 2020, modeling of TV layout of Ukrainian TV channels, clarification of narrative principles, methods, techniques. Rhetorical analysis and modeling of TV layout were associated with the search for the collected data of the most important topics, compositional schemes, forms of TV stories, etc. (according to the theory of «agenda»). Based on the analysis of the collected and ordered empirical data, standardized approaches in the formation of news releases used by Ukrainian TV channels are revealed – narrative features of news releases as information constructs correlated with social reality. During the research the general scientific methods were also used: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification: with their help the secondary and primary data were arranged and understood, the results and conclusions were formulated. It was found that the television industry is a sphere of socio-communicative action, a slice of social reality, through which texts are broadcast to the audience, encouraging them to internalize certain ideas, values, to believe in meanings. Because of this, news releases can be interpreted as editorial narratives – plot, dramatic, audiovisual stories about events that happened recently in the life of the country, of the world, of the people. News stories are compiled in accordance with editorial standards, adopted layout model, as well as with typical principles of selection and ranking of topics, ways of presenting information. This encourages us to talk about a special «narrative realism» – an approach in the reflection / construction of the picture of the day. Thus, adequate storytelling is a professional challenge for news channels and a promising research subject in the theory of social communications.
Diagnostic performance study on the melanoma automated diagnosis software powered by artificial intelligence technologies
Authors: Sergeev Vasiliy Yu. , Sergeev Yu. Yu. , Tamrazova O. B. , Nikitaev V. G. , Pronichev A. N. , Sergeeva M. A.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: The research evaluates a series of publications on the machine recognition efficacy of cutaneous melanoma dermatoscopic images. Some authors report high sensitivity and specificity of automated diagnostics of skin tumors. Significant differences in the published data can be attributed to the use of different algorithms and groups of skin neoplasms to calculate the accuracy rate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The diagnostic performance of two automated artificial intelligence systems is compared.
RESULTS: The convolutional neural network algorithm improves the overall diagnostic accuracy by 7% compared to the algorithm without deep learning, while the overall accuracy rate was 78%. An initial set of 100 dermatoscopic images used in the study is published online for the assessment of the applicability of the obtained data when introducing existing artificial intelligence systems.
CONCLUSION: The main limitations and possible ways to further improve the automated diagnosis of skin tumors based on digital dermatoscopy are outlined.
La primera traducción catalana del Lazarillo de Tormes: un caso anómalo de fijación textual
Authors: Rodríguez López-Abadía Arturo
Published: March 2021

From the linguistic comparisons, and other textual considerations and confrontations between the first Catalan translation of the Lazarillo de Tormes and the different editions, both in Spanish and French, we conclude that the work produced by Antoni Bulbena y Tusell in the late 19th century was poor, and we discovered that his textual setting was not made from any edition in Spanish, but rather from a French edition from 1886.
El Lazarillo en euskera
Authors: Ibarluzea Miren , Elizalde Estenaga Amaia
Published: March 2021

Basque literature and cinema have made use of and re-appropriated the Spanish classic text Lazarillo on several occasions and, thus, have participated in its continuation in different cultural and historical contexts. At present, the Basque cultural field counts with a Spanish-Basque bilingual version of the Lazarillo published in 1929 in which "Orixe", the translator, adapts and rewrites some passages of the work both in Spanish and Basque. We also count with a critical reedition of the aforementioned version published by A. Zelaieta in 1984, as well as with a comic created by Cornejo y Fuente and translated into Basque by J. A. Berriotxoa (1990). Finally, we count with a cinematographic adaptation of 2012 by J. Berasategi. In this short essay we comment on all those versions of the Lazarillo, contextualizing their publication in order to understand why their authors created those versions and the reasons for the adaptations, censored passages, specific graphic ingredients or other elements that characterize the versions and make visible the intertextual dialogue created among the versions of the Lazarillo.
Elementos lingüísticos que plantean problemas de traducción a la lengua inglesa en el Lazarillo de Tormes
Authors: Couto-Cantero Pilar
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the analysis of some linguistic elements that pose problems in the English translation of the famous novel: El Lazarillo de Tormes. To carry out the analysis we have chosen the Spanish version of the bilingual edition (Spanish-Galician) recently reviewed by Rodríguez López-Vázquez in 2019 as initial text. The three English versions are the ones translated by Merwin in 1962, Frye in 2015 and Torres Aguilar in year 2018. Given the reduced characteristics of this format, we will base our approach on two concrete examples. The first analysis focuses on macro-structural aspects which are observed throughout the whole work and that we demonstrate through the Prologue. There are transmission errors caused by an incorrect choice of the initial text and as a consequence of that, a wrong translation of the texts in the English language. The second example focuses on an expression contained in the initial text: “San Juan y ciégale” and how it has also been wrongly translated into English. This paper finishes with our own proposal, a series of conclusions and suggestions for future research, and the mandatory references required to continue deepening in the field.
Del Lazarillo a la tercera parte de Guzmán de Alfarache de Félix Machado de Silva y Castro: desarrollo y final del género picaresco
Authors: Brañanova González Pablo
Published: March 2021

Since the anonymous author of Lazarillo laid the foundations of a long tradition and the mischievous Guzmán de Alfarache gave it its greatest moments of splendour, between the 16th and 17th centuries, the genre we know as picaresque, with its conditions and specificities, begins a long process of wear and tear in which, step by step, novel by novel, will accuse more of the lack of elements that had defined it from the germ: The social criticism and the stark realism that characterised the first works were gradually replaced by an increasingly ostensible instructive intention that implacably showed how the new Tridentine morality was also dissolved in our prose. With the very special exception of Estebanillo González - the last great upturn in tone and style not at all in tune with his contemporary works - we could draw a chronological line from 1554 (the year of the first preserved edition of Lazarillo) to 1650 (the year of composition of this third part) to mark the birth and death of all our picaresque prose. It is the continuation of Machado de Silva, the latest model of a tradition that, conserving only part of its resources and form, manages to separate itself completely from its own picaresque intention in order, on the contrary, to offer Guzmán the path of purge and sanctity that Mateo Alemán and the rules of the genre would have always denied him.
Bone Remodeling Markers in Assessing of Sternal Reparative Regeneration in Patients With Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders After Coronary Bypass Surgery
Authors: Gusakova A. M. , Nasrashvili G. G. , Trubacheva O. A. , Saushkin V. V. , Gorchakova M. B. , Kozlov B. N. , Suslova T. E.
Published: March 2021

Aim      To study time-related changes in bone remodeling markers in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (CM). Also, a possibility was studied of using these markers for evaluation of breast bone reparative regeneration in early and late postoperative periods following coronary bypass (CB).

Materials and methods           This study included 28 patients with IHD and functional class II-III exertional angina after CB. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence (group 1) and absence (group 2) of CM disorders. Contents of osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide (CTTP) of type 1 collagen, deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme (ALPBI) were measured by enzyme immunoassay on admission (Т1) and at early (Т2) and late (Т3) postoperative stages. Sternal scintigraphy with a radiopharmaceutical (RP) was performed at stage 3 following sternotomy.

Results The content of OC and CTTP was reduced in group 1 compared to the values in the group without CM disorders (р<0.005) at stages Т1 and Т2. There were no significant intergroup differences in concentrations of ALPBI and DPD throughout the study. Time-related changes in OC, CTTP, and DPD had some intergroup differences: the increase in biomarkers was observed in group 1 considerably later, at stage Т3 (р<0.005), while in group 2, it was observed at stage T2 after sternotomy. Scintigraphy revealed significant intergroup differences in the intensity of RP accumulation in sternal tissue.

Conclusion      The intergroup differences in the content of biomarkers evidenced a disbalance among processes of formation and resorption of bone tissue and delayed remodeling processes in patients with IHD associated with type 2 DM and CM disorders. The study confirmed significance of comprehensive evaluation of time-related changes in markers for bone tissue metabolism and sternal scintigraphy for diagnosis and evaluation of sternal reparative regeneration following sternotomy in patients with IHD associated with type 2 DM and disorders of CM metabolism.
Combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks for lower limb surgeries
Authors: Wani Sadia Ali , Nahida Qazi , Wani Sadaf Ali , Kakroo Shafia , Farooq Sabahat
Published: March 2021

The peripheral nerve blocks can be used to interrupt the nerve pathways at multiple locations without undue sedation or loss of consciousness. Low incidence of pre and postoperative complications, good postoperative analgesia and increased operating room efficiency, all have accounted for the resurgence of interest in these techniques. The main aim of this study was to assess the suitability of this simple and safe technique for various unilateral lower limb surgeries and to assess the hemodynamic stability of the patients after this procedure.

This prospective randomized study involved 50 patients, in the age group of 20-80 years, scheduled to undergo elective and emergency lower limb surgeries under combined femoral and sciatic nerve blocks. A sciatic nerve block was given by the posterior approach of Labat, and a femoral (3 in 1) block was given by Winnie's inguinal perivascular approach using a mixture of lidocaine, ropivicaine, and saline.

Complete block was achieved in 92% of the patients. None of the patients had any complications and there was no significant difference between the pre-operative and post- operative vitals (pulse and blood pressure). 84% of the patients preferred to undergo the same anesthetic technique, if required in the future.

Combined femoral(3-in-1) and sciatic nerve block is a simple, safe, and efficient technique with very low incidence of sideeffects and a negligible failure rate.
A comparative study between cuffed oropharyngeal airway and laryngeal mask airway in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized patients for short surgical procedures
Authors: Madhusoodanan Vishnu , Gautam Archana , Dhulkhed Vithal K
Published: March 2021

The art of endotracheal intubation has a long-chequered history being accepted as the gold standard of the airway. This study was done to compare LMA and COPA in spontaneously breathing anaesthetized patients for short surgical elective procedures.

To compare Cuffed Oropharyngeal Airway (COPA) with Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) in terms of Placement success rate, Requirement of airway interventions and Intraoperative and postoperative complications.

A prospective Randomized Controlled clinical study was conducted among 60 patients undergoing elective surgical procedure under Department of Anaesthesia in Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Karad. Randomization was done and patients were divided into two Groups- A and B. Chi-Square test was used for analysis.

Male preponderance was seen in the study. Mean age in group A & B were 34.86 ±10.64 & 35.53 ±11.36 years respectively. First time successful insertion rate was higher in LMA group (93.33%) than COPA group (83.33%). No manoeuvres were required for clear, unobstructed airway in group A while in 40% of patients of COPA group required manoeuvres for clear, unobstructed airway. Coughing & gagging were observed in both the groups. But no intraoperative major complications are observed.

Considering technical aspects of airway management, LMA is better than COPA with respect to higher first-time success rate of LMA.
Tramadol-paracetamol combination for postoperative pain relief in elective single level lumbar microdiscectomy surgery: A comparison of two different doses of tramadol
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Aishwarya  , Gupta Priyamvada
Published: March 2021

Pain is a suffering and every individual has the right to be pain free. Moreover, pain in the post -operative period may lead to sense of being unwell as well as many complications like nausea, vomiting, hypertension, tachycardia, restricted mobility, breathlessness etc. Thus, it is essential to obtain sufficient pain relief in the perioperative period. The objective of our study was to compare the postoperative pain scores in patients receiving two different doses of tramadol, 1mg/kg and 1.5mg/kg in combination with paracetamol 1gm for elective single-level microdiscectomy.

Patients were randomly divided into two groups of thirty each. Group A received injection tramadol 1mg/kg intravenously and group B received injection tramadol 1.5mg/kg intravenously. In addition, both groups received injection paracetamol 1gm intravenous infusion. Pain intensity (VAS score) recorded at 1 minute, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2, 3 and 4 hours in both the groups. Side effects like nausea, vomiting, sedation was also noted. Injection fentanyl 1 mcg/kg intravenously was used as rescue analgesic. Total dose of fentanyl used was also noted. Data was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.

On the basis of the present study, paracetamol(1g) and tramadol (1mg/kg or 1.5mg/kg) intravenously were found to be safe and effective in post-operative pain relief in elective single-level microdiscectomy surgery.