bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eight weeks of aerobic exercise, but not four, improves insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular performance in young women
Authors: Sellami Maha , Almuraikhy Shamma , Naja Khaled , Anwardeen Najeha , Al-Amri Hadaia Saleh , Prince Mohammad Shoaib , Aden Amina Ali , Doemling Alexander , Elrayess Mohamed A.
Published: January 2025

Regular aerobic exercise has a significant impact on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles, contributing to overall health improvement. However, evidence for optimal exercise duration to achieve these effects is limited. This study aims to explore the effects of 4 and 8 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and associated metabolic changes in young female students with insulin resistance and varying body mass, seeking to determine the optimal duration for physiological adaptations. Twenty-eight physically semi-active female students were randomly assigned to 4-week (G4, n = 13, age = 23.31 ± 5.19, BMI = 24.78 ± 5.87) and 8-week (G8, n = 15, age = 21.8 ± 2.56, BMI = 24.95 ± 4.81) training groups. The aerobic intervention maintained an intensity of 40–70% of maximum heart rate (HRmax). 6-min-walk test (6MWT), handgrip strength tests, insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and metabolic profiles were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Following the intervention, G8, but not G4, exhibited a significant decrease in HOMA-IR (-14.59%, p = 0.047). The improvement in HOMA-IR was accompanied by notable improvements in 6-MWT (+ 38.18%, p < 0.001) and handgrip strength (+ 11.62, p = 0.027 and + 17.59%, p = 0.013), and increased levels of bilirubin degradation products, ribose, and glutarate. The elevated levels of bilirubin degradation products, known for their antioxidant properties, suggested a potential antioxidative response triggered by prolonged aerobic exercise. Additionally, an increase in ribose and glutarate indicated improved metabolic flexibility and enhanced utilization of alternative energy substrates. The 8-week aerobic exercise regimen demonstrated enhanced insulin sensitivity, upper body strength, and cardiovascular performance in young females compared to a 4-week regimen by triggering specific metabolic adaptations. These findings emphasize the complex relationship between exercise duration, metabolic adaptations, and overall well-being in young women, providing valuable insights for optimizing exercise prescriptions in promoting metabolic health.
Enantioselective OTUD7B fragment discovery through chemoproteomics screening and high-throughput optimisation
Authors: Vuorinen Aini , Kennedy Cassandra R. , McPhie Katherine A. , McCarthy William , Pettinger Jonathan , Skehel J. Mark , House David , Bush Jacob T. , Rittinger Katrin
Published: January 2025

Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are key regulators of cellular homoeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with several human diseases. The ovarian tumour protease (OTU) family of DUBs are biochemically well-characterised and of therapeutic interest, yet only a few tool compounds exist to study their cellular function and therapeutic potential. Here we present a chemoproteomics fragment screening platform for identifying novel DUB-specific hit matter, that combines activity-based protein profiling with high-throughput chemistry direct-to-biology optimisation to enable rapid elaboration of initial fragment hits against OTU DUBs. Applying these approaches, we identify an enantioselective covalent fragment for OTUD7B, and validate it using chemoproteomics and biochemical DUB activity assays.
Macrocyclic peptides as a new class of targeted protein degraders
Authors: Jing Xuefei , Mackay Joel P. , Passioura Toby
Published: January 2025

Targeted degraders and cyclic peptides are both emerging therapeutic modalities. This review describes recent efforts to combine these approaches, to generate cyclic peptidic targeted degraders with advantages over either parent technology.
Expression of concern: A nanostarch functionalized ionic liquid containing imidazolium cation and cobalt chelate anion for the synthesis of carbamates from amines and dimethyl carbonate
Authors: Kumar Subodh , Jain Suman L.
Published: January 2025

Expression of Concern for ‘A nanostarch functionalized ionic liquid containing imidazolium cation and cobalt chelate anion for the synthesis of carbamates from amines and dimethyl carbonate’ by Subodh Kumar and Suman L. Jain, Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 15214–15218, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT52127C.
Achieving Highly Efficient, Mechanically Robust and Thermally Stable Organic Solar Cells through Optimizing Branching Positions and Side Chain Length of Small Molecule Acceptors
Authors: Shao Ming , Zhang Di , Liu Junfeng , Gao Xiang , Wang Zhi , He Jiayi , Wang Zhenye , Gao Yerun , Yang Lvpeng
Published: January 2025

Achieving high efficiency, mechanical robustness and long-term stability is crucial for practical application of organic solar cells (OSCs). Owing to the crystalline nature of small molecule acceptors (SMAs), high-efficiency OSCs...
Forming and compliance-free operation of low-energy, fast-switching HfOxSy/HfS2 memristors
Authors: Xhameni Aferdita , AlMutairi AbdulAziz , Guo Xuyun , Chircă Irina , Wen Tianyi , Hofmann Stephan , Nicolosi Valeria , Lombardo Antonio
Published: January 2025

Memristors based on partially oxidised layered semiconductors show sub-nJ resistance switching between several states with no need for electroforming or compliance, making them promising candidates for future neuromorphic computing hardware.
Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids from the whole plant of Limonium sinense with their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities
Authors: Qi Shizhou , Meng Xinyu , Cui Bingjie , Liu Tingting , Yang Lijuan , Cai Guowei , Gong Kaikai , Miao Shuang
Published: January 2025

Saline-tolerant medicinal plants possess novel chemical constituents with high bioactivity because of their unique secondary metabolic pathways.
Non-metal cocatalyst CNT-modified emerging g-C3N4 for enhanced treatment of waste drilling fluid filtrate
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Wang Xudong , Chen Ye , Wu Pengcheng , Li Zhengtao , Wang Zhiqiang , Gu Deng
Published: January 2025

Using mechanism diagrams instead of abstract diagrams can more reasonably reflect the meaning that this article wants to express.
Identifying the ideal thermodynamics of non-stoichiometric oxygen-carrier materials for chemical looping water-gas shift
Authors: Ungut M. Selim , Metcalfe Ian S. , Hu Wenting
Published: January 2025

As temperature and heat content matching is important in heat exchange, chemical potential and capacity matching is key to chemical looping processes.
An assessment of VOC emissions and human strength perception of liquid electric fragrance diffusers
Authors: Warburton Thomas , Lewis Alastair C. , Hopkins James R. , Andrews Stephen J. , Yeoman Amber M. , Owen Neil , Jordan Caroline , Adamson Greg , Xia Bin
Published: January 2025

Evaluation of the impacts of plug in fragrance diffusers indoors indicates a plateauing in human perception at low atmospheric concentrations.
The hidden impact of modern life on D-dimer level: An experimental study
Authors: Attiyah Sama
Published: January 2025

Social and life habits are among the underline cause of several diseases especially cornary heart disease and stroke. Because high fat diet, sleep deficit, and anxiety are among diseases hidden elements, the present research aimed to evaluate the association between those factors and plasma Ddimer production level. Three groups in addition to control cluster of male swiss albino mice were investigated (n=56). Each cluster 16 mice and had different experimental condition for four weeks. High fat diet, electrostatic noise, and deficit of sleep were applied seperatelly for each group under investigation. Blood was collected and plasma D-dimer level was assessed at the end of each week. The student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Gradual substantial increase of plasma D-dimer amount were identified with all conditions under investigate. Aanxiety and lack of sleep provide signeficant plasma D-dimer amount p < 0.001and p < 0.001 respectively. Our results explicitly implicate that prolonged sleep defect and anxiety by noise may trigger a direct stress response which have a significant connection to the raise of D-dimer production level, that known as a major source of thrombosis risk. Regulating these elements in an individual’s life is essential to mitigate the proliferation of many inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, stroke, and mortality.
Develop the Precise Vacuum Seeder for Nursery Plug Tray Sowing by Using the Vacuum Cleaner
Authors: Yenphayab Charatchai , Saijai Jedsada , Hongwiangjan Jeerayut
Published: January 2025

The manual sowing of vegetable seeds is the general practice of vegetable nurseries in Thailand. It is the slow and labour-intensive process that causes the low production capacity. This study aims to design and develop a vegetable seed sowing machine for 200-cell plug tray plantings to substitute human labor. The prototype utilizes the vacuum cleaner to develop the suction head pressure that simultaneously offers the 200 seeds-planting per tray. The vacuum seeder mechanism is composed of the suction head unit and seeds tray unit. The prototype is operated and controlled by the automation system for continuous planting. Cantonese vegetable seed is selected to evaluate the planting precision of the prototype. Based on the design parameters obtained in laboratory experiments, the optimal condition for planting the Cantonese vegetable seeds in the 200-cell plug tray is verified by adjusting two parameters the suction pressures and the nozzle implement type. On the other hand, the planting precision is indicated by the single seed sowing index. The results showed that the average quality of feed index is 70.53% when utilizing the large nozzle implement type with a vacuum pressure of 1019 Pa. The average working cycle time per tray and the machine capacity per hour are 51.0 seconds and 70 trays, respectively. Moreover, the prototype machine costs about 43% of the average cost of the existing commercial seeders in terms of cost-effectiveness.
Comparative Outcomes Between Three Different Techniques in the
Fixation of Ulnar Styloid Fractures
Authors: Acar Bariş , Orman Osman , Baydar Mehmet , Oruç Sevinç Ödül , Uzun Baki Avşar
Published: January 2025

Purpose This study aims to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes
of three different techniques used in the surgical treatment of ulnar styloid
fractures.

Material and Method Ulnar styloid fractures treated surgically between
2012 and 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. There were three groups in the
study: Group I (Kirschner wire, N= 19), Group II (tension band, N= 27) and Group
III (headless compression screw, N= 25). The Gaulke classification was applied
to categorise the fractures. After a follow-up period of at least one year,
range of motion, Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), Quick Disabilities of the
Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (QDASH), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and grip
strength were measured. In addition, radiological union, bone resorption and
dorsal subluxation of the DRUJ were evaluated.

Results There was no difference between the three groups in terms of
demographic data. Gaulke type 2 A was more frequently observed in all three
groups (47.4%, 74.1%, 64%, respectively). Range of motion (flexion, extension,
supination, pronation) was similar in all three groups (p>0.05). QDASH and
MMWS were similar in all three groups. Grip strength was significantly lower in
Group I than in Group II (p=0.039). Radiological outcomes (nonunion, dorsal
subluxation, bone resorption) were similar in all three groups. Implant
irritation was significantly higher in Group II (p=0.026).

Conclusion K-wires, tension band wiring and headless compression screws
yield similar clinical and radiological outcomes in the surgical treatment of
unstable ulnar styloid fractures. However, the need for secondary surgery is
more frequent when a tension band is used. Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Recent Progress in Base-Metal-Catalyzed Dearomative Reaction of N-Heteroarenes
Authors: Ni Qian , Chen Yaqi , Ma Yuanhong
Published: January 2025

Three-dimensional nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds widely exist in many natural products and drugs. The dearomatization of N-heteroarenes and their derivatives have been recognized as one of the most important and powerful strategies for the rapid and efficient synthesis of various three-dimensional nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. In this short review, the recent and representative advances in base-metal-catalyzed dearomatization of N-heteroarenes are summarized and discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Dearomatization of Indoles

2.1 Copper Catalysis

2.2 Nickel Catalysis

2.3 Cobalt Catalysis

2.4 Other Catalysts

3 Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, Isoquinolines, and Pyrazine

3.1 Copper Catalysis

3.2 Nickel Catalysis

3.3 Cobalt Catalysis

3.4 Other Catalysts

4 Summary and Outlook
Personalizing Perioperative Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer
Authors: Pang Joyce H. , Baldi Charles A. , Herzig Daniel O.
Published: January 2025

The traditional, surgery-first approach for colon cancer is increasingly challenged by our evolving understanding of tumor biology and a growing number of measurable tumor features that can help guide contemporary treatment plans. Certain tumor characteristics now make it practical to challenge locally advanced colon cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy, and allow for targeted postoperative therapies. The contemporary data supporting these tailored approaches to integrating systemic therapy before or after resection are summarized in this article.
Recent advances in the tools and techniques for AI-aided diagnosis of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Islam Saiful , Islam Md. Rashedul , Sanjid-E-Elahi  , Abedin Md. Anwarul , Dökeroğlu Tansel , Rahman Mahmudur
Published: January 2025

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is recognized as a developing global epidemic responsible for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. To counter this public health crisis, the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)-aided tools and methodologies for the effective detection and monitoring of AF is becoming increasingly apparent. A unified strategy from the international research community is essential to develop effective intelligent tools and technologies to support the health professionals for effective surveillance and defense against AF. This review delves into the practical implications of AI-aided tools and techniques for AF detection across different clinical settings including screening, diagnosis, and ambulatory monitoring by reviewing the revolutionary research works. The key finding is that the advance in AI and its use for automatic detection of AF has achieved remarkable success, but collaboration between AI and human intelligence is required for trustworthy diagnostic of this life-threatening cardiac condition. Moreover, designing efficient and robust intelligent algorithms for onboard AF detection using portable and implementable computing devices with limited computation power and energy supply is a crucial research problem. As modern wearable devices are equipped with sophisticated embedded sensors, such as optical sensors and accelerometers, hence photoplethysmography and ballistocardiography signals could be explored as an affordable alternative to electrocardiography (ECG) signals for AF detection, particularly for the development of low-cost and miniature screening and monitoring devices.
Taming chimeras in coupled oscillators using soft actor–critic based reinforcement learning
Authors: Ding Jianpeng , Lei Youming , Small Michael
Published: January 2025

We propose a universal method based on deep reinforcement learning (specifically, soft actor–critic) to control the chimera state in the coupled oscillators. The policy for control is learned by maximizing the expectation of the cumulative reward in the reinforcement learning framework. With the aid of the local order parameter, we design a class of reward functions for controlling the chimera state, specifically confining the spatial position of coherent and incoherent domains to any desired lateral position of oscillators. The proposed method is model-free, in contrast to the control schemes that require complete knowledge of the system equations. We test the method on the locally coupled Kuramoto oscillators and the nonlocally coupled FitzHugh–Nagumo model. Results show that the control is independent of initial conditions and coupling schemes. Not only the single-headed chimera, but also the multi-headed chimera and even the alternating chimera can be obtained by the method, and only the desired position needs to be changed. Beyond that, we discuss the influence of hyper-parameters, demonstrate the universality of the method to network sizes, and show that the proposed method can stabilize the drift of chimera and prevent its collapse in small networks.
Research on high-performance, real-time periodic signal detection method based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs)
Authors: Wang Xuan , Shen Zhongtao , Shui Yanbin , Liu Shubin
Published: January 2025

Long-Time Coherent Integration (LTCI) utilizes digital integration to combine multiple coherent cycles, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our previous work introduced single-bit LTCI, an approach optimized for FPGA implementation, but faced challenges of output saturation at high SNR levels and inherent limitations in SNR gain (SNRG), which are insufficient for certain applications. This paper presents a threshold tracking method that improves the performance of single-bit LTCI in high-SNR scenarios. In addition, a sampling rate enhancement technique and a Kalman filtering method are introduced to further enhance the SNR of the processed signals. An FPGA-based prototype was developed to validate these methods. The results demonstrate that the threshold tracking method extends the measurable input SNR range to 30. Under the specified conditions, the sampling rate enhancement technique yields a 30% improvement in SNR over the original method, while the Kalman filter reduces noise levels to 60% of their original values.
Quantum secure direct communication based on quantum error correction code
Authors: Ding Chao-Wei , Wang Wen-Yang , Zhang Wen-Da , Zhou Lan , Sheng Yu-Bo
Published: January 2025

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) enables the message sender to directly transmit messages to the message receiver through quantum channel without keys. Environmental noise is the main obstacle for QSDC's practicality. For enhancing QSDC's noise robustness, we introduce the quantum error correction (QEC) code into QSDC and propose the QSDC protocol based on the redundancy code. This QSDC protocol correlates atomic state with the electron–photon entangled pairs and transmits photons in quantum channels for two rounds. The parties can construct the remote atomic logical entanglement channel and decode messages with the heralded photonic Bell state measurement (BSM) and single electron measurement. This QSDC protocol is unconditionally secure in theory and has some advantages. First, benefiting from the heralded photonic BSM, it can eliminate the influence from photon transmission loss and has the potential to realize long-distance secure message transmission. Second, taking use of the error correction function of the repetition code, the error rate caused by the decoherence during the second round of photon transmission can be reduced, which can reduce the message error and increase the secret message capacity. Third, the whole protocol is feasible under current experimental condition. Our QSDC protocol can be extended to use other stronger QEC code. It provides a promising method to promote QSDC's practicality in the future.
Drag, lift, and torque on a near-wall oblate spheroid in linear shear flow
Authors: Cao Ze , Li Zhanpeng , Liu Yakun , Zhang Di , Tafti Danesh K. , Wang Yibo , Yuan Huiting , Hu Manrong
Published: January 2025

This study performs particle resolved simulations (PRSs) to investigate the behavior of linear shear flow over a near-wall oblate spheroidal particle. Simulations are conducted for particles with aspect ratios (λ) of 1.5, 2, and 4, covering Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 1 to 200 and particle inclination angles (θ) from 0° to 180°. The resulting drag, lift, and torque coefficients exhibit unique patterns of variation with respect to θ, showing significant differences compared to particles in unbounded uniform flow. These variations are elucidated by examining the flow field surrounding the particle, alongside the distribution of pressure and skin-friction coefficients on its surface. Based on these findings, correlations for the drag, lift, and torque coefficients are proposed, demonstrating strong agreement with the PRS results across different aspect ratios and Reynolds numbers, thereby providing accurate predictive models for near-wall oblate spheroidal particles in linear shear flow.
Experimental investigation of nose-tip temperature effects on the hypersonic crossflow instability over a yawed cone at Mach 6
Authors: Gong Mingyue , Dong Hao , Jiang Yinglei , Gu Yiyang , Liu Shicheng , Wu Jie , Xia Tianyu , Jiao Yun
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the influence of the nose-tip temperature on hypersonic crossflow instability is experimentally investigated using infrared thermal imaging and high-frequency pulsating pressure sensors at Mach 6 for a 7° semi-cone angle of 6° angle of attack. The wall temperature ratio (ratio of nose-tip temperature to total incoming temperature) Tw/T0 varies between 0.6 and 1.3. The experimental results show that the transition position gradually moves toward the tail of the cone as Tw/T0 increases. Wavelet analysis reveals stationary crossflow vortices with wave numbers ranging from 30 to 50, and the maximum wave number decreases as Tw/T0 increases. The pressure sensors are then used to detect the traveling crossflow waves of 15–50 kHz and the high frequency mode of 100–450 kHz. The high frequency mode is considered to be the secondary instability of the traveling crossflow waves. An increase in Tw/T0 stabilizes the traveling crossflow waves while weakening the secondary instability. The results of bispectral analysis show that an increase in nose-tip temperature weakens both the self-interaction of the secondary instabilities and the interaction between the traveling crossflow waves and their secondary instabilities.
Ferromagnetism and structural phase transition in monoclinic FeGe film
Authors: Nie Guangdong , Han Guanghui , Erfa S. Z. , Liu Kangxi , Chen Shijian , Ding Hao , Tang Fangdong , Peng Licong , Sun Young , Hong Deshun
Published: January 2025

Binary compound FeGe hosts multiple structures, from cubic and hexagonal to monoclinic. Compared to the well-known skyrmion lattice in the cubic phase and the antiferromagnetic charge–density wave in the hexagonal phase, the monoclinic FeGe is less explored. Here, we synthesized the monoclinic FeGe films on Al2O3 (001) and studied their structural, magnetic, and transport properties. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterizations indicate that the FeGe films are epitaxial to the substrate. Unlike the antiferromagnetic bulk, the monoclinic FeGe films are ferromagnetic with Curie temperature as high as ∼800 K, contributing to the anomalous Hall effect in the transport measurements. Similar to the hexagonal FeGe, we captured a structural phase transition in the monoclinic FeGe films at ∼100 K in real and reciprocal spaces by transmission electron microscope. Our work enriches the phase diagram of the FeGe family and suggests that FeGe offers an ideal platform for studying multiphase transitions and related device applications.
High mobility crystallized stacked-channel thin-film transistors induced by low-temperature thermal annealing
Authors: Wen Pan , Peng Cong , Ding Xingwei , Chen Fa-Hsyang , Yan Guowen , Xu Lin , Li Junfeng , Li Xifeng , Zhang Jianhua
Published: January 2025

A high mobility crystallized stacked-channel thin-film transistor (TFT) was fabricated and characterized. The stacked IGO/IGZO channel film consisting of an In-rich IGO layer and a conventional IGZO layer was fabricated by atomic layer deposition technology, where the upper layer of amorphous IGZO is induced into nanocrystals by the lower layer of preferentially oriented polycrystalline IGO during thermal annealing at a low temperature of 300 °C. The preferential growth of nanocrystalline IGZO with matched crystal structure in the channel favors the transport of electrons. In addition, the accumulation of a large number of electrons at the heterojunction due to energy band bending provides a strong guarantee for high mobility. The crystallized stacked IGO/IGZO TFT exhibits a superior field effect mobility of 95.7 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is 55.9% higher than that of single-layer IGO TFT. At the same time, the stability of the device was also dramatically improved. The proposed strategy is a simple and promising approach to prepare high performance TFTs for future display and semiconductor applications.
Multi-functional terahertz nano-metasurface for beam-splitting and nonlinear resonance frequency shifting
Authors: Li Jianghao , Cai Jiahua , Geng Chunyan , Kong Deyin , Zhang Mingxuan , Quan Baogang , Yao Xianxun , Sun Guolin , Wu Xiaojun
Published: January 2025

The emergence of terahertz (THz) nanoscale resonance metasurface devices represents an innovative method for modulating THz waves by utilizing the intense, high-frequency alternating electric field in THz radiation. However, compared to traditional modulation methods that employ electrical, optical, and other techniques, the potential of these devices still necessitates further exploration. In this work, we achieved THz beam-splitting and field-induced nonlinear frequency shifting functions within a single THz nano-metasurface device. The device consists of single split-ring resonators (s-SRRs) with a nanogap on GaAs substrate. The pattern design based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (P-B) phase principle can split the incident wave into three beams. Meanwhile, its frequency shifting capability, which varies with the E-field, has been thoroughly investigated. The device performance was experimentally evaluated by an angle-resolved THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system and a strong-field THz-TDS system. This device could serve as a promising research platform for integrating THz with nano-optics and holds the potential for ultrafast modulation, offering application prospects in radar, wireless communication, and electromagnetic protection.
A distributed subcortical circuit linked to instrumental information-seeking about threat
Authors: Trier Hailey A. , Khalighinejad Nima , Hamilton Sorcha , Harbison Caroline , Priestley Luke , Laubach Mark , Klein-Flügge Miriam , Scholl Jacqueline , Rushworth Matthew F. S.
Published: January 2025

Daily life for humans and other animals requires switching between periods of threat- and reward-oriented behavior. We investigated neural activity associated with spontaneous switching, in a naturalistic task, between foraging for rewards and seeking information about potential threats with 7T fMRI in healthy humans. Switching was driven by estimates of likelihood of threat and reward. Both tracking of threat and switching to a vigilant mode in which people sought more information about potential threats were associated with specific but distributed patterns of activity spanning habenula, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), anterior cingulate cortex, and anterior insula cortex. Different aspects of the distributed activity patterns were linked to monitoring the threat level, seeking information about the threat, and actual threat detection. A distinct pattern of activity in the same circuit and elsewhere occurred during returns to reward-oriented behavior. Individual variation in DRN activity reflected individual variation in the seeking of information about threats.
Phononic Resonant Relaxation in Magnetic Hysteresis of Single-Molecule Magnets
Authors: Gu Lei , Luo Jia , Luo Qiancheng , Zhai Yuanqi , Zheng Yan-Zhen , Zhao Guoping
Published: January 2025

Lanthanide-based single-molecule magnets can exhibit broad magnetic hysteresis which basically manifests slow magnetic relaxation in strong magnetic fields. However, the cause of numerous nontrivial hysteresis behaviors remain debated. Here, we put forward two influential mechanisms: the activation of optical-phonon-mediated direct transitions within the ground-state doublet and resonant Raman process. These discoveries, coupled with the g-factor anisotropy, can account for observed hysteresis behaviors in the regimes of fast magnetic relaxation. Our findings substantially complement the recognized mechanisms used to interpret the magnetic hysteresis of single molecule magnets.
Position and orientation determination using quadric fitting optimization for object’s motion analyzing
Authors: Ni Yubo , Wang Xiangjun , Zhang Zonghua , Meng Zhaozong , Gao Nan
Published: January 2025

The accurate determination of the position and orientation of moving objects from images is a critical challenge in visual sensing, with significant implications for robotics, augmented reality and computer vision. Traditional pose estimation methods often fail in complex scenarios due to inconsistent and imprecise feature extraction. This research introduces a novel quadric fitting optimization framework that exploits the compact representation of ellipsoids for robust motion analysis. We propose Manhattan and Euclidean norm-based solvers, designed to optimize quadric fitting for varying object scales and distances. A hybrid approach is developed to strategically fuse these solvers to maximize accuracy and efficiency in various practical applications. Theoretical analysis and extensive experimental validation demonstrate the significant improvements offered by our method over conventional techniques, particularly under challenging conditions. This work not only advances the state of the art in object pose determination, but also provides a solid foundation for improved manipulation and understanding of moving objects in dynamic environments.
Engineered ionic polymer metal composites (eIPMCs) under dynamic compression loading conditions: theory and experiments
Authors: Fakharian Omid , Nagel William S , Leang Kam K , Aureli Matteo
Published: January 2025

Engineered Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (eIPMCs) represent the next generation of IPMCs, soft electro-chemo-mechanically coupled smart materials used as actuators and sensors. Recent studies indicate that eIPMC sensors, featuring unique microstructures at the interface between the ionic polymer membrane and the electrode, exhibit enhanced electrochemical behavior and sensitivity under compression, as compared to traditional IPMCs. However, a complete and experimentally-validated model of how eIPMCs behave under dynamic compression loads is currently missing. In this paper, we develop an analytical model for eIPMC sensors, elucidating the role of the engineered interface, modeled as a separate material layer with unique mechanical and electrochemical properties. Theoretical predictions focus on the mechanical-to-electrochemical transduction response under dynamic compressive loads. Experimental verification is conducted on conventional IPMC and novel eIPMC samples fabricated using the polymer abrading technique. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is performed to study the effect of the engineered interface on the electrochemical properties. Open-circuit (OC) voltage and short-circuit (SC) current are measured under external compressive loads in different loading scenarios to demonstrate sensing performance. Results show good qualitative agreement between experimental trends and model predictions. Experiments over the frequency range 1–

18

Hz

demonstrate an increase of 220%–290% in open-circuit voltage and 17%–166% in SC current sensitivity for eIPMCs over IPMCs.
Magneto-nonlinear Hall effect in time-reversal breaking system
Authors: Zhang Anwei , Rhim Jun-Won
Published: January 2025

Magneto-nonlinear Hall effect is known to be intrinsic and requires time-reversal symmetry. Here we show that a new type of magneto-nonlinear Hall effect can occur in the time-reversal breaking materials within the second-order response to in-plane electric and vertical magnetic fields. Such a Hall response is generated by the oscillation of the electromagnetic field and has a quantum origin arising from a geometric quantity associated with the Berry curvature and band velocity. We demonstrate that the massive Dirac model of LaAlO3/LaNiO3/LaAlO3 quantum well can be used to detect this Hall effect. Our work widens the theory of the Hall effect in the time-reversal breaking system by proposing a new kind of nonlinear electromagnetic response.
Imaging reionization's last phases with I-front Lyman-α emissions
Authors: Wilson Bayu , D'Aloisio Anson , Becker George D. , Cain Christopher , Visbal Eli
Published: January 2025

Long troughs observed in the z > 5.5 Lyα and Lyβ forests are thought to be
caused by the last remaining neutral patches during the end phases of reionization — termed
neutral islands. If this is true, then the longest troughs mark locations where we are most
likely to observe the reionizing intergalactic medium (IGM). A key feature of the neutral islands
is that they are bounded by ionization fronts (I-fronts) which emit Lyman series lines. In this
paper, we explore the possibility of directly imaging the outline of neutral islands with a
narrowband survey targeting Lyα. In a companion paper, we quantified the intensity of
I-front Lyα emissions during reionization and its dependence on the spectrum of incident
ionizing radiation and I-front speed. Here we apply those results to reionization simulations to
model the emissions from neutral islands. We find that neutral islands would appear as diffuse
structures that are tens of comoving Mpc across, with surface brightnesses in the range ≈ 1
- 5× 10-21 erg s-1 cm-2 arcsec-2. The islands are brighter if the
spectrum of ionizing radiation driving the I-fronts is harder, and/or if the I-fronts are moving
faster. We develop mock observations for current and futuristic observatories and find that,
while extremely challenging, detecting neutral islands is potentially within reach of an ambitious
observing program with wide-field narrowband imaging. Our results demonstrate the potentially high
impact of low-surface brightness observations for studying reionization.
Free energy equivalence between mean-field models and nonsparsely diluted mean-field models
Authors: Okuyama Manaka , Ohzeki Masayuki
Published: January 2025

We studied nonsparsely diluted mean-field models that differ from sparsely diluted mean-field models, such as the Viana–Bray model. When the existence probability of each edge follows a Bernoulli distribution, we rigorously prove that the free energy of nonsparsely diluted mean-field models with appropriate parameterization coincides exactly with that of the corresponding mean-field models in ferromagnetic and spin-glass models composed of any discrete spin S in the thermodynamic limit. Our results is a broad generalization of the result of a previous study (Bovier and Gayrard 1993 J. Stat. Phys.
72 643), where the densely diluted mean-field ferromagnetic Ising model (diluted Curie–Weiss model) with appropriate parameterization was analyzed rigorously, and it was proven that its free energy was exactly equivalent to that of the corresponding mean-field model (Curie–Weiss model).
SymbolNet: neural symbolic regression with adaptive dynamic pruning for compression
Authors: Tsoi Ho Fung , Loncar Vladimir , Dasu Sridhara , Harris Philip
Published: January 2025

Compact symbolic expressions have been shown to be more efficient than neural network (NN) models in terms of resource consumption and inference speed when implemented on custom hardware such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), while maintaining comparable accuracy (Tsoi et al 2024 EPJ Web Conf.
295 09036). These capabilities are highly valuable in environments with stringent computational resource constraints, such as high-energy physics experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. However, finding compact expressions for high-dimensional datasets remains challenging due to the inherent limitations of genetic programming (GP), the search algorithm of most symbolic regression (SR) methods. Contrary to GP, the NN approach to SR offers scalability to high-dimensional inputs and leverages gradient methods for faster equation searching. Common ways of constraining expression complexity often involve multistage pruning with fine-tuning, which can result in significant performance loss. In this work, we propose

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, a NN approach to SR specifically designed as a model compression technique, aimed at enabling low-latency inference for high-dimensional inputs on custom hardware such as FPGAs. This framework allows dynamic pruning of model weights, input features, and mathematical operators in a single training process, where both training loss and expression complexity are optimized simultaneously. We introduce a sparsity regularization term for each pruning type, which can adaptively adjust its strength, leading to convergence at a target sparsity ratio. Unlike most existing SR methods that struggle with datasets containing more than

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inputs, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on the LHC jet tagging task (16 inputs), MNIST (784 inputs), and SVHN (3072 inputs).
1968
Authors: Palomares-Salas Claudio
Published: January 2025

Chapter 4 marks Canto Nuevo’s birth during the 1968 student movement. It explores the emergence of a repertoire of national militant songs focused on the Mexican context but in tune with the Latin American Militant Song movement. Following Jorge Velasco’s previous studies, the chapter explores three ways in which singers, singer-songwriters, and groups used songs during the student movement: first, by collecting popular militant songs; second, by resignifying these songs using the contrafacta; and third, by creating an original militant song repertoire. At this moment, the first Canto Nuevo generation arose. It included Judith Reyes, José de Molina, León Chávez Teixeiro, Óscar Chávez, the group Los Nakos, Margarita Bauche, and Enrique Ballesté. The chapter thoroughly explores their works.
Peak and Decline (1982–1989)
Authors: Palomares-Salas Claudio
Published: January 2025

Chapter 7 explores the peak and decline of Canto Nuevo in the years 1982–1989. It discusses important Nueva Canción festivals held in Mexico City (1982), Managua (1983), Quito (1984) and Lima (1986), and the emergence of the Comité Internacional de la Nueva Canción and the Comité Mexicano de la Nueva Canción. It explores the appearance of the Rupestre movement and the so-called Mexican Trova, which exemplify the depoliticization processes occurring in the 1980s. It then discusses the 1985 earthquake, the OTI festival, and the creation of the Canto Nuevo series by RCA Victor, which prelude the movement’s decline. Finally, it discusses the 1988 controversial presidential election and how the fall of the Berlin Wall and the ensuing downfall of the Soviet Union marked the end of Canto Nuevo’s more relevant period in the country’s cultural history, as the Marxist/humanist structures that sustained it since the 1960s collapsed.
Is access to crisis teams associated with changes in behavioral health mortality?
Authors: Newton Helen , Beetham Tamara , Busch Susan H
Published: January 2025

Behavioral health–related mortality—deaths from suicide, drug overdose, and acute alcohol injury—are leading causes of death among US adults. Crisis teams, trained behavioral health professionals who serve as first responders to assess and stabilize clients in crisis, as well as refer to treatment as necessary, have been shown to reduce psychiatric hospitalizations, but whether crisis teams reduce behavioral health mortality has not been studied. We assessed the association between changes in access to crisis team programs and changes in county-level suicide, drug overdose, and acute alcohol injury mortality from 2014 through 2019. We found that 250 (9%) of counties experienced crisis team program entry and another 237 (9%) experienced crisis team program closure. Access to crisis team programs was associated with significant changes in county-level drug overdose deaths, but not suicide or acute alcohol injury. Compared with counties with no change in access, crisis team program entry was associated with a 7% reduction in county-level drug overdose death rates, and crisis team program closure was associated with a 13% increase in drug overdose death rates. These findings may support the use of crisis teams as 1 intervention to address substance use disorder treatment gaps in the United States.
Chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Gao Wentao , Wang Sui , Jiang Tao , Hu Heng , Gao Runtian , Zhou Murong , Wang Guohua
Published: January 2025

Populus trichocarpa, a pivotal model organism for woody transgenic research, not only garners substantial scientific interest but plays an integral role in forestry economics. Previous genomic assemblies of P. trichocarpa predominantly treated its heterozygous genome as homozygous, thereby neglecting crucial haplotypic diversity. Leveraging the high fidelity (HiFi) sequencing capabilities of PacBio sequencing and the chromosome conformation capture insights provided by Illumina's Hi-C technique, this study is the first to achieve a near telomere-to-telomere assembly of both paternal and maternal haplotypes in P. trichocarpa. Comparative genomic analysis between these haplotypes has uncovered several allelic variants and pathways critical for trait determination through allele-specific expression. Furthermore, utilizing RNA-seq data from multiple tissues, this investigation has detailed the tissue-specific expression patterns of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) gene family, which are essential in mediating plant signal transduction and developmental regulation. Our results not only illuminate the functional genomics landscape of P. trichocarpa but also provide invaluable theoretical underpinnings for the genetic improvement of woody plants and a robust framework for exploring genetic variability and allelic expression disparities in arboreal species.
Quality parameters and shelf life of strawberry (cv. Centenary) fruits as affected by active modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Mulla Mehraj Fatema Z , Shonte Tigist , Pathania Shivani
Published: January 2025

Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) has gained attention from commercial horticulturalists, in extending the shelf life of bulk and retail packaged fresh produce such as strawberries. Storing strawberries in an atmosphere with optimized gas composition containing carbon dioxide concentration from 15 to 30% and the oxygen concentration from 7.5 to 10% can provide an optimized condition to maintain quality and extend shelf life of strawberries at low temperatures. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effect of active MAP, three different gas mixes namely: MAP1 (10 O2, 15% CO2, 75% N2); MAP2 (7.5 O2, 17.5% CO2, 75%.N2); MAP3 (30% CO2, 70%.N2) and Passive MAP as a control conventional packaging on changes in gas composition, total soluble solid, colour, electrolyte leakage and density of fresh strawberries during 15 days storage period at 4 °C and 99.9% RH. Strawberries packaged in commercial packaging PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) punnet and PET lidding with macro perforated, a mix of three 8 mm diameter hole with four 5 mm x 15 mm rectangular holes on PET lidding film under normal atmosphere was studied as a control sample. Freshly harvested strawberries were packaged in a PET punnet with PET/PE (Polyethylene terephthalate/Polyethylene) as lidding film using an automatic tray sealer. The packaged strawberries were stored at 4 °C. Storage studies revealed that significantly higher CO2 and negligible O2 concentration in MAP3 compared to the control packaging system. Greater electrolyte leakage was observed for the treatment with higher (30%) CO2 and commercial packaged sample with higher O2 concentration on 13th day of storage (P < 0.05). No significant difference in density value was observed for all the treatments. L* value showed a decreasing trend in strawberries stored in commercial package with higher O2 concentration for 13 days, while it was well maintained in the MAP2 and MAP1 treatments containing 7.5 and 10% O2 up to 15 days.
Optimization of dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin therapy for Japanese patients with urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kawai Taketo , Kurokawa Yoshiaki , Taguchi Satoru , Honda Kazuki , Maki Kazuki , Ambe Yoshiki , Saegusa Naoki , Yamamoto Masahiro , Miyakawa Jimpei , Tokura Yuumi , Inoue Hazuki , Tanaka Takehiro , Nara Katsuhiko , Kaneko Tomoyuki , Fujii Yoichi , Kamei Jun , Kakutani Shigenori , Yamada Yuta , Niimi Aya , Yamada Daisuke , Takada Tappei , Nakagawa Tohru , Kume Haruki
Published: January 2025

Background

Dose-dense methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (dd-MVAC) regimen has been established as a systemic chemotherapy for patients with urothelial carcinoma. However, it is rarely used in Japan owing to the challenges associated with managing the related adverse events. This study aimed to optimize the dd-MVAC protocol for Japanese patients.

Methods

Criteria were developed to adjust the doses of anticancer drugs used in dd-MVAC. In this regimen, the initial cycle of methotrexate and cisplatin was administered at 75% of the full dose. Patients who did not experience significant toxicities during the first cycle subsequently received the full dose starting from the second cycle. Additionally, the doses of methotrexate and cisplatin were adjusted according to the Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance. Based on these criteria, patients with urothelial carcinoma underwent dd-MVAC between August 2018 and May 2023, and all patients were scheduled to undergo six cycles.

Results

A total of 86 patients received dd-MVAC, with 36, 15, and 35 patients receiving it as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and salvage chemotherapy, respectively. Fifty-nine patients (68.6%) completed the six scheduled cycles. Grade ≥ 3 toxicities of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events were observed in 76 (88.4%) patients; however, most were manageable. In the neoadjuvant cohort, the pathological complete response rate was 52.2% among patients with clinical N0 lower tract urothelial carcinoma. High levels of alkaline phosphatase at the initiation of treatment were correlated with failure to complete six cycles of dd-MVAC.

Conclusion

Adjusting the dd-MVAC regimen based on renal function and significant adverse events may result in a high completion rate of scheduled treatments in Japanese patients with urothelial carcinoma.
Elevated phosphate levels in CKD - a direct threat for the heart
Authors: Campos Isaac , Faul Christian
Published: January 2025

Elevations in systemic phosphate levels, also called hyperphosphatemia, occur in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and during the normal aging process and are associated with various pathologies, such as cardiovascular injury. Experimental studies suggest that at high serum concentrations, phosphate can induce osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and contribute to vascular calcification. However, the precise underlying mechanism leading to cardiovascular injury is not well understood. Here we discuss how elevations in extracellular phosphate levels could potentially affect cells and intracellular reactions and functions in general. We then zoom in on the heart to discuss whether hyperphosphatemia can have direct pathologic actions beyond inducing vascular calcification. Furthermore, we discuss myocardial calcification as a pathologic event that has not been described and studied in greater detail, but that seems to occur in the context of hyperphosphatemia-induced pathologic cardiac remodeling, as observed in dialysis patients.