bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrids to varying levels of nitrogen with and without neemcake under irrigated condition of Malwa tract of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: RAKESH K. SHARMA  , R. S. S. TOMAR  , U. K. SHRIVASTAVA
Published: December 2023

An information on hybrid upland cotton after sowing. The rest of nitrogen (85%) was (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to balanced fertil- given in subsequent 4 splits. Sowing was izer is meagre. Therefore an attempt was done by dibbling method using acid delinted made to determine the agronomic require- 3--4 seedshill on 4 July 1988 and 7 July ment of cotton hybrids for nitrogen and 1989. The rainfall of 689 and 1,043 mm was neemcake (organic matter) under irrigated recorded during 1988 and 1989 respectively. conditions of Malwa tract of Madhya The yield level in the first year was Pradesh. higher than that in second year due to A field experiment was conducted under better distribution of rainfall in former than All-India Co-ordinated Cotton Improvement that in latter. Project, College of Agriculture, Indore, dur- Application of neamcake alone or in ing the rainy season of 1988 and 1989. The combination with differnet levels of N did experiment was laid out in split-plot design, not produce any significant effect on cotton keeping levels of nitrogen (100,150 and 200 yield (Table 1). Each successive increase in kgha with and without neemcake) in main level of N greatly increased the seed-cotton plots and hybrids (JHKy l, JKHy 2 JICH yield. All the yield components were also 4 and Hy 4) in subplots. The treatments improved. Though yield enhanced with sub- (Table 1) were replicated 3 times. The soil sequent increase in N level, the differences of experiment was medium black having or- were significant up to 150 and 100 kg Nha 2- ganic carbon 0.32%, available N 150 kgha, during 1988 and 1989 respectively. At these P 237 kgha and K 450 kglha, with pH 7.9. levels the magnitude of increase in yield A uniform dose of 70 kg P,O, and 40 kg over the unfertilized plots was 93 and 102% &O/ha in the form of superphosphate and respectively. Similar observations were re- muriate of potash respectively was applied. ported by Jain et al. (1983). The economic The application of neemcake @ 4 qha was analysis (Table 2) indicated that maximum done at the time of sowing along with 15% net profit per rupee investment was higher N and 50% of both P and K. The remaining at 100 kg Nlha whether applied alone or quantity of P and K was applied at 30 days incombination with neemcake.
Performance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) as influenced by intercropping and planting geometry
Authors: D. N. DUBEY  , G. S. KIJLMIZ  , GIRISH JHA
Published: December 2023

A 2-year field experiment showed non-significant differences among sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and sorghum + pigeonpea [Cajanur cujan (L.) Millsp.] intercropping systems. Higher mean values of land-equivalent ratio, grain and stover yields of the base as well as intercrop crops were obtained in sorghum + soybean combination. Paired-row planting (2 : 2) better. Mixed uniform line sowing showed better performance than mixed broadcasting.
Performance of legumesorghum (Sorghum bicolor) cropping sequence in Vertisols
Authors: C. E. GAIKWAD  , A. J. PATIL  , J. D. PATIL  , S. B. CHAVAN  , S. S. SONAWANE
Published: December 2023

A field experiment with legume-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] cropping sequence was con- ducted on medium deep black soil during 1990-91, 1991-92 and 1993-94 at Solapur, to study its perfor- mance. The grain yield of sorghum was increased by 42 and 105% when preceded by (fodder) cowpea [Vignt~ unquicul~~ti (L.) Walp.] compared with blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and soybean [Glycine mtu (L.) Merr.] respectively. Similar trend was noticed in stover yield. Application of 25 kg Nha to sor- ghum increased the grain (42%) and stover yields (40%) over the control. Higher sustainable-yield index (0.55) and sustainable-value index (0.46) were obtained from (fodder) cowpea-sorghum sequence. The next best sequence was found blackgram-sorghum, with sustainable-value index of 0.44. The available N content of soil increased and also maintained in the (fodder) cowpea-sorghum sequence.
Intercropping of greengram (Phaseolus rdiatus), blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and sesame (Sesamum indicum) in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) under different seeding methods
Authors: N. N. SARMA  , D. SARMA  , S. R. PAUL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1991 to 1993 at Diphu to study the feasibility of intercropping greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.), blackgram (P. mungo L.) and sesame (Sesamum indiclun L.) in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Milsp.] under different seeding methods in the hills slope (20%). Intercropping did not affect the grain yield of pigeonpea, but it increased the total productivity in terms of pigwnpea equivalent. Pigwnpea alone recorded the lowest pigeonpea equivalent, which was found significantly inferior to the intercropped treatments. Among the seeding methods evaluated, accommodation of 1 or 2 rows for blackgram and greengram proved better than that of sesame. Accommodation of 1 row greengram in normally spaced (75 cm x 30 cm) was found the most remunerative in terms of net return and benefit : cost ratio.
Response of transplanted rice (Qryza sativa) to planting time and irrigation schedule
Authors: S. S. PARIHAR  , V. K. VERMA  , R. K. SHUKLA  , D. PANDEY  , R. B. SHARMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted for 2 years with transplanted rice (Oryzh sativa L.) in clay-loam soil showed that 15 July planting gave higher yield as compared with 30 June and 30 July transplantings. Irriga- tion schedule had no significant effect on grain yield and yield attributes. Significant reduction in yield was not observed even up to 7-day drying period after disappearance of 7 cm ponded water when compared with I-day drying period. However, there was a saving of 45% imgation water compared lday drying of ponded water. However, higher water-expense efficiency was achieved with 1-day or 5day drying period.
Performance of rainfed rice (Oryza sativa) as influenced by varieties and nutrient levels
Authors: K. R. SHEELA  , V. THOMAS ALEXANDER
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the fmt-crop season of 1991 and 1992 to select a suitable rice (Oryza sntiva L.) variety for rainfed cultivation in southern Kerala and also to work out the nutrient level required for maximum rice production under such condition. The growth parameters showed significant variation due to varieties and nutrient levels. Pooled analysis of yield data revealed that varieties like Jaya, Rasi and Tulasi perfomied better than the other varieties and to get better grain yields, 75% of nutrient recommendation, i.e. 67.5 33.75 33.75kg N,P,O, and K,O/ha, for medium-duration varieties. was : : found sufficient foprainfed rice.
Effect of seed priming, potassium and anti-transpirant on dry-seeded rainfed ahu rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: R. K. THAKURIA  , J. K. CHOUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field trial was conducted during 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of seed priming, potassium hnd anti-transpirant on performance of dry-seeded, rainfed c~hu rice (Ory711 sarivci L.).The grain yield and filled grainstpanicle increased significantly owing to seed priming with 4% KC1 and potassium application @ 60 kgha. Significant effect of paraquat as anti-transpirant on grain yield was observed only in 1992, as drought spell prevailed during that year.
Yield components and yield of sunflower (Heliunthus annuus), sesame (Sesarnurn indicurn) and greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) as influenced by irrigation and intercropping
Authors: R. K. SARKAR  , A. CHAKRABORTYI
Published: December 2023

In eastern India, sunflower (Helianthus 1992). This system could increase pulse and annuus L.) is gaining importance as a win- oilseed production even under delayed ter-season crop owing to wide adaptibility planting on wet-season aman rice fallows. and high-yield potential. It is a widely- Hence an experiement on intercropping of spaced crop and provides ample scope for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), greengram growing short-duration pulse and oilseed (Phaseolus radiatus L.) with sunflower and crops in its interspaces to increase and stabi- their monoculture with different schedules lize yield (Shivaramu and Shivasankar, of irrigation was undertaken in rice-fallow
Effect of inorganic fertilizers in maize QZea mays) + ginger (Zingiber officinale) intercropping system in humid hillysoils
Authors: A. R. P. AWASTHI  , R  , D. SINGH  , R. L. ARYA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1990-92 to study the use of different inorganic fertilizers on productivity of maize (Zen tmys L.) + ginger (Zzngzber oficinnle Roscoe) intercropping system. The pure clop of mane gave significantly higher grain yield than maize + ginger intercrops. The pure crop of ginger also gave s~gnifiwrtly higher rhizome yield over intercropping treatments. On equivalence basis the highest maize-equivalent yldd wa_s recorded in pure crop of ginger (340.85.244.15 and 88.42 qha), followed by maize + ginger 1 2 (187.!kLlX7I a& t ginger 1 : 1 (168.98, 155.59 and 75.99 : 79.78 qha) and maize qha) intercropping systems in 1990, 1991-id 1992 respectively. Application of 180, 120 and 80 kg N, P,O, and &Oha gave significantly higher grain and stover yields of maize and rhizome yield of ginger than the control In all the 3 years.
Effect of soil and foliar application of nitrogen and zinc with farmyard manure on late-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: A  , L. RAJPUT  , D. p. SINGH  , S. p. SINGHi
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 1991-92 and 1992-93 to study the effect of N splits and Zn application methods on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). The application of farmyard manure @ 10 tonneslha + full N (20 kg Niha) as foliar in equal 3 splits proved superior and half N as basal + half N as follar in 3 splits, giving higher returns than other treatments. The application of 10 kg ZnS0,iha as basal and 5 kg ZnS0,iha as foliar were found equally efficient. A dose of 5 kg ZnSO,/ha as foliar application gave higher yields, net returns and N uptake than 10 kg ZnS0,iha as basal and no zinc.
, Effect of soil-moisture conservation and weed control on the nutrition and seed yield of pearlmillet (Perznisetunz glaucum) under rainfed condition
Authors: D. KUMAR  , S. K. KAUSHIK  , R.C. GAUTAM
Published: December 2023

A field experitnent was conducted during the rainy (khar~j) season of 1988 and 1989 under raitlfed con- dition, to study the effect of soil-moisture conservation and weed-control practices on N, P and K uptake, and yield of pearlmillet [Pennisetionglaucum (L.) R. Br. emend. Stuntz]. Moisture-conservatio~~ practices proved beneficial only in scanty rainfall year of 1989. Straw n~ulch either used in flat bed or ridge and fi~r- row seed-bed caused significant reduction in dry-matter accur~~ulatlot~ and N, P and K depletion by weeds compared with flat bed and ridge and furrow alone. However, grain yield and nutrient uptake by pearltnillet improved significantly with ridge and furrow + straw ~l~ulch and ridge and furrow alone. Hand-weeding and atrazine @ 0.50 k g h were found most efficient treatn~ents in reducing dry-matter accutnulation and nutri- ent depletion by weeds in both years and in increasing gain yield and nutrient uptake by pearln~illet only in good raitlfall year of 1988.
Effect of irrigation schedules on yield attributes, consumptive use of water, water-use efficciency and moisture-extraction pattern of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: SHIVA DHAR  , N. P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 1989-90 and 199G91 to study the effect of 15 irrigation schedules on yield attributes, yield, consumptive use of water, water-u~eeficiency and moisture-extraction pattern of Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Number of brancheslplant, pods1 plant, grain yieldlplant and seed yieloa were higher with irrigation at irrigatioq water : cumulative pan . evaporation (IW :CPE) ratio of 6 and 2 irrigations at 25 and 100 days after sowing during fust nnd second years respectively. The 1,000-grain weight was higher with 1 &igation at 100 days after sowing. Four irrigations at 25,50,75 and 10Q days after sowing during first year and 2 irrigafl~ns at 25 and 100 days After sowing during second yew produced higher straw yieldha. Consumptiveuse of water and moisture extraction were higher with 3 irrigations at 25, 50 and 45 days and at 25,75 and 100 days after sowi~g during fust year and with 3 irrigation given at 50,75 and 100 days after sowing during second year. Water- use efficiency was higher (74,2 kglha cm) with inigation at 0.6 IW : CPE ratio during first year and 2 jnigations at 25 nnd 100 days after sowing (67.0 kgha-cm) during the.second year.
Influence of irrigation and nitrogen on growth, seed and oil yield of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata)
Authors: S. C. PKAMANIK  , N. P  , SINGH  , L. M. GARNAYAK
Published: December 2023

The field experiment wns conducted at Indian Agricultud Research Institute, New Delhi, during winter season (robi) of 1989-90 and 1990-91 in a sandy-loam alluvial soil on Ethiopian mustard (Brassica corinnto A. Braun) with 4 levels each of imgation water : cumulative pan evaporation ratio (unirrigated control and irrigation at IW : CPE ratios of 0.4.0.6 and 0.8) and nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kgha). The growth and yield attributes, seed and oil ylelds increased significantly only up to an IW : CPE ratio of 0.6 (2 irrigations). Nitrogen application improved the growth and yield attributes, and also the seed and oil yields significantly up to 100 kg Nlha, but harvested biomass up to 150 kg Nlha. Imgation and N interacted sig- nificantly for plant height, total branches and siliquaelplant, harvested biological and seed yield. Signifi- cantly higher seed production (19.8 qha) and oil yield (7.7 qha) were obtained from the crop irrigated at an IW : CPE ratio of 0.6 fedlizd with 100 kg Nha, but biomass yield (83.3 qha) was highest with 150 kg NI ha at an IW ; CPE ratio of 0.8.
Eftect of time of sowing and topping on seed yield of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa)
Authors: M. BHARATHA LAKSHMI  , M. VENKU NAIDU  , D. SRINIVASULU REDDY  , C. VENKATA REDDY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted for 2 consecutive rainy (kharif) seasons (1990 and 1991) on Alfisols of Amadalavalasa, to investigate the effect of time of sowing and topping on seed yield of roselle (Hibiscus snbdnriffa L). Early sowing during third week of June improved both yields and monetary returns. Topping at 60 days after sowing influenced various yield attributes, resulting in 11.9% higher yield than no topping. However when both seed and fibre yields were considered, topping did not appear profitable.
Integrated weed management in forage lucerne (Medicago sativa)
Authors: V.C. RAJ  , Z. G. PATEL
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of herbicides with and without hand-weeding in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) during winter season of 1991-92 and 1992-93 at Navasari. Application of oxadiazon, fluchloralin and pendiplethalin was found significantly superior to manual weeding for weed control; however, oxadiazon showed some phytotoxic effects on emerging seedlings of lucerne. Pre- emergence spray of pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i.lha along with hand-weeding at 6 days after first cut was found the best andrecorded maximum weed-control efficiency, but remained at par with fluchloralin @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha and oxadiazon 0.5 kg a.i.lha. The highest green-fodder yield was obtained with fluchloralin applied @ 0.5 kg a.i.lha along with hand-weeding at 6 days after first cut.
Agronomic practices for fodder-cum-seed purpose in anjan grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)
Authors: S. PURUSHOTHAM  , K. UMESHA  , M. MANJUNATHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions with few agronomic practices during 1989-1991 on anjan grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) to obtain fodder and seed from the grass. The practices studied were 2 row spacings (22.5 and 45 cm), 2 phosphorus levels (20 and 40 kg P,O,/ha) and 2 cutting managements (with and without cut). In the year of establishment, th8 seed yield was significantly reduced with cutting treatment (14.6 kglha) as compared with no cut (55.5 kglha). Green-fodder yield was significantly influenced by different treatments during 1991. Seed yield was significantly higher with higher P level with an exception during 1989. Sowing at 45 cm row spacing with 40 : 40 kg N : Plha gave higher yields. In the establishment year, it was grown purely for seed purpose. However, in the later years it could be cut at 6-12 weeks after monsoon for green fodder and the ntoon crop left for seed-purpose.
Yield of pulpable biomass of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) varieties under various row spacings and nitrogen
Authors: T. C. SARMA  , D. N. BORDOLOI
Published: December 2023

A field experiment wds conducted during 12.58 kg and 256.32 kglha respectively. 1989 and 1990 at Regional Research Kenaf varieties were taken up for both the Laboratory Farm, Jorhat (Assam), with trials on row spacing and nitrogen different varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus requirement. Five row spacings, viz. 30, 40, cannabinus L.), to assess the performance of 50, 60 and 70 cm with a plant-to-plant pulpable biomass under different row spacing of 10 cm accomodating about spacings and nitrogen levels. 333,000; 250,000; 200,000; 166,667 and The kenaf varieties used were HC 583, 142,857 plantslha respectively. The trial AMC 108, HC 269, MT 150 and JBM was laid out in randomized block design 4. The soil of the experimental plots was with 3 replications. The plot size was 25 m2. sandy loam with an average pH 5.5. The A uniform dose of 160 kg N, 50 kg P20! and available N, P20, and K20 were 124.45 kg, 50 kg KzO/ha was applied at sowing tlme.
Comparative performance of upland rice (Oryza sativa)-based intercropping systems under rainfed conditions of Vindhyan region
Authors: A. K. SINGH  , R. A. SINGH  , R. P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1988-1989 on sandy clay-loam soils of Vindhyan plateau under rainfed conditions, to maximize the productivity of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based intercropping systems. The normal-sown rice (Oryza sativa (L.) intercropped with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) was more compatible and advantageous than other combinations. The highest yield recovery of rice (94.8%) and sesame (83.3%) was recorded from this system. Soybean [Glycin,e mar (L.) Merr.] and blackgram or urdbean (Phaseolus mungo L.) were equally competitive with normal or paired-row-sown rice, but reduced the yield of rice by 7.8 and 11% in normal sown and 10.9 and 10.5% in paired-row-sown rice respectively. All the growth parameters and yield attributes of rice were favourably more under sole cropping, followed by normal rice intercropped with sesame. This combination recorded the highest rice-equivalent yield (48.09 qlha) and yield advantage (78%), followed by paired rice + sesame intercropping system.
Performance of gobhi sarson (Brassica napus subsp. oleifera var. napus) under various planting dates and row spacing in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: RAMESHWAR KUMAR  , P. S. NEGI  , C. M. SINGH  , B. S. MANKOTIA
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1990-91 and 1991-92 to study the effect of planting date and row spacing on the seed and oil yield of gobhi sczrson (Bmssicn nnpus L. subsp. oleifem DC. var. napus L.) under mid-hill conditions. The maximum seed and oil yields were obtained when crop was sown on 25 September at 30 crn row spacing. There was a consistent reduction in yield with delay in sowing and increase in row spacing. However, the oil content in seeds increased with delayed sowing.
Effect of rainfed green-manure crops on succeeding rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: U. SOLAIAPPAN  , S . MUTHU KRISHNAN  , V. VEERABADRAN
Published: December 2023

In rice (0r)~za sativa L.) cultivation, low (242 kglha), medium phorsphorus (16.8 kg/ fertilizer-use efficiency warrants the ha) and high potassium (292 kgtha). The application of higher doses of fertilizer for seeds of green-manre crops were treated desirable results. But judicious and balanced with rhizobial culture and sown adopting application of organic manures along with the seed rate of 50 kglha using the initial inorganic fertilizers increases the fertilizer- rains during July 1992. use efficiency. The use of green-manures During the growth period, about 101 mm along withjertilizer nitrogen can aid for N rainfall was received. After 60 days, biomas economy in lowland rice (Khind et al., production, nodule number and nitrogen 7 1982). In a single crop wetlands of the content were recorded. Periyar-Vaigai command area, prior to rice Rice (IR 20) was transplanted in crop, there is possibility of receiving 100 September 1992 after incorporation of the mm rainfall during July-September. Under green-manures. The other cultivation such a situation various green-manure crops practices were followed uniformly to all can be grown for soil enrichment and rice treatment plots. Among the several green- production. manures, S. cannabina, S. speciosa and S. - A tield experiment was conducted during rostrata recorded significantly higher the rainy (klzarifi and winter seasons (rabi) biomass than the other green-manures. of 1992-93 at Agricultural College and Re- (Table 1). The data on growth and yield - search Institute, Madurai, to evaluate the parameters revealed that green-manure- potential of rainfed seen-manure crops dur- incorporated plot6 recorded higher values ing the season preceding rice in the single than the control. The grain yield of single clop wetlands. Seven green-manure crops, crop rice, planted after the green-manure vlz. Sesba~~ia cannabitla (Retz.) Pers.; syn increased substantially compared with rice S. irculeata L., S. speciosa Taub., S. rostra- planted after fallow (Table 1). tl1, G.ota1ar.i~ juncea.L., ,Vigna trilobata L. The yield increase due ta pre-season Verd.; syn Pl~aseolus trilobus sensu Ait. .& rainfed green-manure crops was 4 7 qlha auct. non, Tephrosia purpurea Pers.; Baker with S. rostrata, 3.8 q/ha with S. cartnabina. i n part and Vigna utlguiculata (L.) Walp., 3.6 qlha with S. speciosa and 2 q/ha with -- were compared with pre-season fallow, in Crotalaria juncea. The yield increase m~ght randomized block design wlth 3 replica- be due to addition of organlc matter and tions. he experimental site was sandy loam plant nutrients through green-manures. having pH 7.8 with low available nitrogen Kalidurai and Kannaiyan (1990) also
Effect of plant population, nitrogen and phosphorus on grain amaranth (Amaranthus species)
Authors: JAYSHREE BHASKAR  , G. M. BHARAD  , S. N. PATIL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at design with 2 replications, taking 3 levels Watershed Management Research Unit, each of plant population (1 11,000; 148,000 Akola, during rainy season (kharifl 1991, to and 222,000 plantslha), nitrogen (0, 25 and study the effect of plant population, nitrogen 50 kglha) and phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg/ and phosphorus fertilization on growth and ha). The soil was silty loam in texture with yield of grain amaranth (Amaranthus sp.). pH 8.3, low in total N (0.0612), medium The experiment consisting of 27 treatments available P,O, (16.80 kglha) and high in was laid out in 3 partially confounded K,O (309.9 kglha). The Local variety of
Performance of grain sorghum (iSorghum bicolor) genotypes under rainfed conditions at varying fertility levels
Authors: O. P. SINGW  , M. S. PAL H. P. S. MALIK
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during rainy season of 1992-93 at Livestock Research centre, Pantnagar, to study the performance of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes under rainfed conditions at varying fertility levels. At harvest, all growth and yield parameters, grain and stover yields, net returns and benefit : cost ratio improved significantly with increased level of N and P, except 1,000-seed weight during both the years. N,, P,, (N @ 100 kg/ ha + P @ 50 kgiha) gave the highest values of all characters and also recorded an average of 32.4, 14.5, 22.3, 41.8,32.6, 39.0 and 10.5% higher panicle weightlplant, grainslpanicle, grain weight1 plant, grain yield, stover yield, net retumslha and benefit : cost ratio respectively compared with N,, P , , Hybrid PJH 58 out-yielded all other genotypes. PJH 58 and PJH 55 could be used for marlmum grain and stover yields with the application of 80-100 Nlha and40-45 kg PzO,/ha.
Influence of potassium on growth and yield of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)
Authors: M. YAHIYA  , SAMIULLAH  , T. KHAN  , S. HAYAT
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 1991 and 1992 to study gl.owlh i~lld yield pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan Millsp] to potassium application (0.25. 50 i111d 75 response of R1 (L.) kg/ ha). Application of K significantly increased the shoot dry weight, leaf-area indcx (I.AI). Ici~l-area duration and crop-growth rate. It also significantly increased the podslplant, 1,000-sccd wcighl, Ilarvest index and seed yield (qha). Application of 50 kg I(/l~a proved optimum tor growth ; I I I ~ yicltl I3;a;lmclers and the seed yield.
Effect of time, geometry, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and lcgume incorporation on yield of planted crop of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
Authors: I. P. SINGH  , S. K. SHARMA  , NAVAL STNGII
Published: December 2023

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum was adopted. Three (20.18 and 15 cm) L.)-wheat (Triticum acstivum L. emend. spacing were tried for wileat which was Fiori & Paol.) is the leading cropping sys- intercrcpped between the inlcrspaces of 2 tem in sugarcane dominated belt of western paired rows of sugarcane. -In-siru Uttar Pradesh. Sugarcane and wheat are in- incorporation of cowpea [Vi,y/i~r unguiculata separable system therefore, harvesting of (L.) Walp.] was also one of the treatments one crop reflects on the time of sowing of in sugarcane planted after harvest of wheat. , another crop. Late sowing of sugarcane dur- Recommended doses ( 120, 60,40 kglha for ing May-June and wheat during wheat and 15680, 40 for sugarcane) of N, December-January is a common phenome- P20, and K20 and irrigation as per need of non in the area. Saini et al. (1992) reported the crops were given. reduction up to of 50% or more in the yield Superiority of the modified system of of sugarcane and wheat due to delayed intercropping wheat was abserved between planting. To sustain the productivity of the the interspace of the paired row spaced 150 system the present study was undertaken. cm between the pairs and 30 cm within the An experiment was started during the pair. Autumn-planted sugarcane undoubtly winter season of 1991-92 at the PDCSR, gave significantly higher cane yield than Modipuram, The soil of the experimental other dates of planting, viz winter and sum- _* . field was sandy loam with 200 kgha, 18 kg1 mer but on cost of equally important wheat ha and 145 kgha available N, P and K produce of grain and straw. Alike to it sum- respectively and pH 7.8. Six treatment mer planted sugarcane gave significantly combinations (Table 1) were tested in lower cane yield than autumn and winter- randomized block design with 4 season planted cane. I-lowever, the adverse replications. Cos 767 sugarcane, was sown effect of delayed planring in sugarcane on 20 November, 1991 as sole and also as could minimized to a great extent by in-silu intercropped with wheat. As a traditional incorporation of cowpea (45 days after sow- practice sugarcane was also sown after ing). In intercropping narrowing the spac- harvest of wheat in sugarcane-wheat ing of wheat sown in the interspaces of the system. Sugarcane was planted in paired sugarcane paired rows from 20 cni to 18 cm row spaced at 150 cm between the pairs and or 15 cm further reduced cane yield to the 30 cm within the pair, whereas for sole crop level of significance. However, this praetice of sugarcane recommended spacing (90 cm) enabled to get wheat yield at par to that of
Effect of agronomic management practices on soil fertility under jute (Corclzorus capsu1aris)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)-blac kgram (Plzaseolus mungo) cropping system
Authors: M. MISHRN  , K. K.
Published: December 2023

A 2-year experinlent conducted on jutc (Corchous caps~tlaris L.)-groundnut (Arachis hypogaeu I.,.)- blackgram (Phnsroltis n7ungo Id.) with varying management practices revealed that jute depleted organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and potash contents of soil, whereas legumes like groundnut and blackgram improved the sanie in rotation. .4pplication of fertilizers in varied doses to crops increased the organic carbon, total nitrogen, availahlo phosphorus and potash contents of soil aftcr 2 years ofrotation. 1:artncrs practice and weed-free method of\.-ed control helped in building up of organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potash status but lowered the available phosphoms content coinpared with chemical, chemical + mechanical and unweeded control. Wider row spacings in crops helped in accci~nulating higher organic carbon and total nitrogen but lowered the available phosphorus and potash contents compared with closer row spacing aAer 2-year rotation of jute--ground- nut-blackgram.
Spices intercropping with autumn-planted sugarcane (Saccharum ofFcinarum)
Authors: S.N. SINGH  , J.P. SHUKLA  , M.L. AGRAWAL  , G.P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993-95, 1994-96 and 1995-97 to work out the production potential and economic feasibility of spices intercropping with autumn-planted CoS 767 sugarcane (Saccharum offcinarum L.). Intercropping of garlic (Allium cepa L.) with autumn cane improved the cane yield by 8.10%, while other spices as intercrop affected the cane yield ad- versely. The decrease in yield was the lowest (2.10%) under cane +cumin (Cuminum cyhinum L.) and the highest (1 1.15%) under cane + black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] compared to sole crop of cane. Among different intercropping systems, cane + garlic (Allium sativum L.) was found much beneficial giving the highest net return of Rs 80,255/ha, followed by cane +fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) (Rs 72.849Iha) amounting to 86.53% and 69.55% more than that the autumn cane alone. These treatments reflected a higher benefit : cost ratio of 3.52 and 3.44 compared w~th 2 28 under cane alone. The intercrop cumin failed in all the experimental seasons, showing net loss of return up to 9.32% due to its intercropping in cane. Effect of spices intercropping on ju~ce-quality parameters was not significant.
Integrated nutrient management in rice (Olyza sativa)- - rice cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) sequence under humid tropical Andaman Islands
Authors: R.P. DUBEY  , B.S. VERMA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993-94,1994-95 and 1995-96 to study the effects of integrated nutrient management in a rice (Oma sativa) - - rice cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] sequence on crop productivity, soil fertility and economics. Combined use of 50% NPK + 50% poultry manure significantly increased the grain yield of first rice crop (74%) and second rice crop (79.8%) over the control. The effect of 50% NPK + 50% FYM and NPK dose alone was also comparable. Application of FYM and poultry manure alone or combined with 50% NPK had signifi- cant residual effect on the pod yield of cowpea. The pH and EC values did not change significantly. The highest increase in soil organic carbon (0.68%) was obtained from FYM application over initial value of 0.45%. The available N increased to 276 kgtha under 50% NPK + 50% poultry manure treatment over initial value of.220 kglha. The application of poultry manure alone increased the available P (15 kg) and K (121 kg) over initial status, 11 and 112 kglha respectively. Highest net returns (Rs 23,083lha)and benefit cost ratio (1.67) were obtainedfrom application of 50% NPK+ : 50% poultry manure.
Effect of liquid fertilizer through drip irrigation on growth and yield of okra (Hibiscus esculentus)
Authors: A.D. TUMBARE  , B.N. SHINDE  , S.U. BHOITE * .
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 1996 and 1997 to study the effect of fertigation of liquid fertilizer on growth and yield of summer okra (Hibiscus esculentus L.) in sandy-clay loam soil. The treatment consisted of 5 fertigation levels (125, 100, 75, 50 and 25% of recommended dose) compared with recom- mended dose of solid fertilizer (band placement) with surface-irrigation method. The drip-irrigation treatment proved superior to surface irrigation. An application of 75% recommended dose by liquid fertilizer through drip irrigation performed better, result- ing in 25% saving of fertilizer compared with conventional method of fertilizer appli- cation. Similarly, 50% of recommended dose of liquid fertilizer through drip irrigation was equally effective to produce yield that of conventional method of irrigation and -,--- fertilizer application. The fertigation increased the water-use efficiency.
Productivity potential of rice-sunflower-greengram cropping system as influenced by rational use of phosphorus
Authors: S. C. MASTHAN  , S. N. REDDY  , T. M. M. REDDY  , SHAlK MOHAMMAD
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1991-93 at Hyderabad to study the effect of P in rice-sunflower-greengram cropping system in sandy loam soil with moderate available P. The number of tillers and panicles/m2, filled grainstpanicle and test weight of rice significantly increased up to 60 kg P20dha. The mean rice grain yield increased by 1,082 kglha over control (without P). The yield of sunflower in succeeding rabisignificantly improved by residual P applied at 60 kg P205/ha to preceding rice and the direct effect of 60 kg P205/ha to sunflower. The mean seed yield of sunflower increased from 1,156 kgtha in control to 1,611 kg/ ha with direct application of 60 kg P20dha. The mean sunflower yield increased significantly due to the cumulative effect of 60-60 kg P,05/ha to rice in kharif and sunflower in rabi. The cumulative effect of P through 60-60 kg P205/ha to rice- sunflower also increased the mean grain yield of greengram to 912 kglha in the following summer season compared to 692 kglha through residual effect of 60 kg P205/ha only to rice and 707 kgtha through residual effect of 60 kg P205/ha only to sunflower. However, the rice grain equaivalent yield of 11,546 kglhdyear was obtained with application of 60 kg P20dha both to rice and sunflower, being on par with 60 kg P205/ha to rice in kharif and 30 kg P205/ha to sunflower in rabi. Thus there was a saving of 30 kg P205/hdyear.
Effect of split application of potassium with FYM on rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: D. S. THAKUR  , S. R. PATEL  , NAGESHWAR LAL
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during 1993 and 1994 on light textured inceptisols at Raigarh under rainfed condition to study the influence of split application of K with FYM. Application of 30 and 45 kg K,O/ha with FYM significantly increased panicle weight in 1994 while number of grainstpanicle, test weight, straw yield, K-content and uptake were significantly increased over control in both the years. Split application of K did not affect yield,over basal application. However, K-content and uptake were higher in split application of 45 kg 4Olha with 5 t FYM Iha over basal application in both the years.
Y Effect of irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus on seed yield t- and water use of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: SUSHANT  , R. S. DlXlT  , G. R. SlNGH
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1993-94 and 1994-95 at Kumarganj to study the -effect of irrigation, nitrogen and phosphorus . on seed yield and water use of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Scheduling irrigation at 0.7 IWICPE ratio was significantly better than other irrigation schedules in terms of yield attributes and yield. However, water-use efficiency was lowest at 0.7 IWICPE ratio. Application of N up to 100 kglha and phosphorus up to 60 kg P,O$ha significantly increased the yield attributes, yield and water- use efficiency. Interaction of irrigation and N, and N and P was significant for podslplant and seed yield. Highest values of podslplant and seed yield were recorded under the treatment combinations of 0.7 IWICPE along with 100 kg N/ ha, and 100 kg N with 60 kg P,O,/ha.
Response of fenugreek (TrigoneII~ foenum-graecum) to seed rate and fertilizer application
Authors: G. R. CHAUDHARY
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1990-93 at Jobner on sandy loam soil low in N and P and medium in K on fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.). A seed rate of 25 kgtha gave maximum mean seed yield (1 1 .I0 qtha) and net profit (Rs 7980lha) with benefit : cost ratio of 2.25. However, maximum podstplant and straw yield were obtained with 15 and 30 kglha seed rate, respectively. Application of 40 kg N plus 40 kg P,O, gave higher seed yield and net return (Rs 8197tha) with benefit: costratio of 2.25.
Evaluation of suitable rice-based (Oryza sativa) cropping system for central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: K. P. VERMA  , A. S. WARS
Published: December 2023

The field results of a 3-year field experiment conducted at Kaushambi indicated that inclusion of pulses and oilseeds crop in rice (Oryza sativa L.) based crop sequences gave higher production and monetary gain over rice-wheat conventional system. The intercropping of pulses and oilseeds in recommended planting patterns after rice further enhanced the net return and sustained soil health. Highest net return of Rs 26,1981ha. was obtained with rice-chickpea+ linseed, closely followed by rice-linseed + Indian mustard (Rs 24,681lha) and rice-Indian mustard- mungbean (Rs 24,681lha). Highest net profit on per rupee investment was recorded with rice-chickpea + linseed crop sequence (Rs 1.36).
Efficiency of rice (Oryza sativa)-based crop sequences under coastal ecosystem
Authors: S. S. NANDA  , G. K. PATRO  , M. A. ALlM  , N. MOHANANDA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during 1994-95 and 1995-96 at Bhubaneswar revealed that preceding in situ green manuring of cowpea was beneficial for significant and highest grain yield of Cce (3.26 tlha). The yield aqributes such as panicle length, fertile grainslpanicleand harvest index were closely associated with the highest grain yield of rice. Rice-tomato (BT 10) recorded highest net return (Rs 60, 61 8.95lha) and benefit : cost ratio (4.42). Rice-groundnut recorded highest land use efficiency (63.86%) and energy output : input ratio (4.54). The production efficiency was however, superior (105.61 kglhalday) in rice-cabbage sequence.
Yield of rainfed wheat (Triticum aestivum) in relation to seeding zone moisture and seed rate
Authors: H. N. VERMA  , SUKHVINDER SINGH  , R. S. NARANG
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1990-93 to study the effect of 3 seeding zone moisture conditions created by applying 0, 2.5 and 5.0 cm of water and 3 seed rates (60,80 and 100 kglha). Application of 2.5 and 5.0 cm pre- sowing irrigation increased wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) yield significantly over the control in all the 3 years, the respective increase in yields being 4.4 to 5.5 @ha with 2.5 cm and 6.2 to 8.9 @ha with 5.0 irrigation. Higher seed rate too increased the wheat yield under all the 3 seeding zone moisture conditions. Seed rate of 80 kglha was at par during 1990-91 and 1991 -92 with 100 kglha whereas in 1992-93, seed rate of 100 kg/ha gave more yield than 80 kg/ha.
Effect of integrated nutrient management with vermicompost on productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: RAN SINGH RANWA  , K. P. SINGH
Published: December 2023

The results of the field experiment conducted during winter seasons of 1994-96 revealed that application of organic manures improved yield attributes and grain, straw and biological yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.). Application of vermicompost at the rate of 7.5 or 10 t/ha yielded higher than 10t/ha FYM. Increasing dose of nitrogen improved significantly the yield attributes-and yields of the crop. Integration of vermicompost at 10 t/ha or 7.5 t/ha or FYM 10 t/ha with 100 kg N/ha produced grain, straw as well as biological yields on par to recommended dose of fertilizers (120 + 60 + 25 kglha N + P,O, + Zn SO,) during both years. Key words :Wheat, Integrated nutrient management, Vermicompost
Effect of fertilizer application and weed management . . practices on nutrient uptake by summer blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and associated weeds under rainfed condition N. K. CHOUBEY, R. S. TRIP AT HI^ , B. C. GHOSM
Authors: N. K. CHOUBEYI  , R. S. TRIPATH  , B. C. GHOSH
Published: December 2023

The results of the field experiment carried out during summer seasons of 1994 and 1995 at Kharagpur, revealed that N,P, K uptake by blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) and weeds were sinificantly higher under N,, P,, K,, levels of fertilizer than N,, N,, K,. Adoption of weed management practices significantly enhanced NPK uptake by blackgram and reduced removal of nutrients by weeds as compared to that of unweeded check, and saving of 29.1 to 52.3% N, 26.8 to 56.6% P and 16.9 to 54.3% K was achieved. Hand weeding and chemical weed control treatments gave higher grain yield of 0.73 and 0.62 tlha respectively. The removal of nutrients by Digitarla sanguinalis, Enhydra fluctuans and Physalis minima were considerably high during both the years.
Influence, of plantirig geometry and variety on seed yield and related parameters in soybean (Glycine ma.)
Authors: G. B. HALVANKAR  , PHILIPS VARGHESE  , S. P. TAWARE  , V. M. RAUT
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 1994 and 1995 at Pune, to study the influence of planting geometry and variety on seed yield and related parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Pooled data revealed that planting geometry had significant effects on seed yield and other attributes except for days to flowering and oil content (%). Varieties also showed significant differences for all the attributes except for seed and oil yields. Planting geometry of 45 cm x 15 cm recorded significantly more nodeslplant, brancheslplant, pods1 plant, seedslplant and 100-seed weight than rest of the planting geometri, ex- cept planting geometry of 30 cm x 15 cm for brancheslplant and 100-seed weight. Planting geometry of 30 cm x 10 cm gave significantly highest seed and oil yields over rest of the planting geometries except 45 cm x 5 cm.
Weed control in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)
Authors: R. P. YADAV  , U. K. SHRIVASTAVA  , S. C. DWlVEDl
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Morena during winter seasons of 1995- 96 and 1996-97 on mustard [Brassica juncea (L.)&Czernj Cosson]. Two hand- & weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing and application of metribuzin @ 0.175 kg ailha (P.E.) and isoproturon @ 0.75 kg aiha (P.P.) were observed to be at par with respect to minimizing weed density, increasing yield attributes and seed yield and fetching maximum additional net returns over rest of the treatments under study.
Impact of seedling age and planting time on yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) in upland rice (Oryza sativa)-based cropping system
Authors: SANJOY SAHA  , K.P. JHA
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted during the winter season of 1994-95 and 1995-96 in upland rice (Ofyza sativa L.) fallows to evaluate the impact of seedling age and planting time on the fruit yield performance of different varieties (BT la, BT 12, BT 1O, BT 2 and MIX ENT) of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Mill.). All the varieties performed well when planted early, i.e. 16 November, with 15-day- old seedlings and showed a declining trend in fruit yield and other yield- attributing characters when planted late with aged seedlings. Among the tomato varieties, a remarkably good fruit yield of 60.7 and 47.0 tonnestha was recorded with BT 18 during 1994-95 and 1995-96 respectively when planted on 16 -, November with 15 day-old-seedlings, followed by BT 12 (59.7.and 41.9 tonnest ha during 1994-95 and 1995-96) respectively. The economics of diferent tomato . varieties also showed the same trend. The gross return, net return and net return/ rupee invested were always recorded highest with BT 18, followed by BT 12 irrespective of seedling age and planting time.
-Y Planting geometry and nitrogen management in rice (Oryza sativa) and soybean (Glycine max) intercropping
Authors: S.K. SARAWGI  , R.S. TRIPATHI
Published: December 2023

A field kxperiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 1993 and 1994 at Raipur, to identity level and schedule of nitrogen under different planting geometry of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] intercropping under rainfed upland conditions. Higher growth, yield and its attributes were recorded under sole crop of rice and soybean. However, among intercroppings rice : soybean under paired-row combinations (2:2) had higher values of these, followed by 1:l and 1:2 row combinations. The yield and its attributes of soybean were higher with 40 kg N/ha applied in 2 equal splits at basal and panicle-initiation (PI) stages of rice, while in case of rice, it was higher - both the years. The land-equivalent ratio was higher under paired-row .- with 60 kg N/ha applied in 3 splits-at basal, tillering and PI stage of rice-during
Effect of weed-control measure on growth and yield of summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus)
Authors: A.S. PANWAR  , V.S. VERMA  , VlNOD KUMAR
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was carried out during 1995-96 and 1996-97 to study the effect of different weed-control measures on summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.). Pre-plant application of Fluchloralin 0.75 kg/ha resulted in maximum seed yield of 1,192.48 and 1,305.51 kg/ha compared with 755.1 5 and 81 1.23 kg/ ha under unweeded control during 1995-96 and 1996-97 respectively. This treatment also resulted in the maximum weed-control efficiency (92.432%). Pre- emergence application of Pendemethalin @ 0.75 kglha showed depressing effect on crop growth. However, at lower dose, i.e. 0.50 kglha, followed by 1 hoeing showed 90.75% weed-control efficiency with little effect on growth and - - yield of summer greengram.
Effect of sowing date, irrigation and spacing on nodulation, dry matter and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: A.K. PATRAI  , S.K. TRIPATHY  , R.C. SAMUI
Published: December 2023

An experiment was conducted during summer season of 1993 and 1994 to study the effects of sowing date, irrigation and spacing on nodulation, dry-matter production and yield of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), at Kalyani. Sowing on 15 February recorded significantly highest number of noduleslplant, dry weight of nodules and dry weight of podslplant and pod yield than that on 15 January. Irrigation had no significant effect on nodulation. Two irrigations given at first phase of flowering and pod initiation recorded higher shoot and pod dry weightlplant than 1 irrigation. Three irrigations resulted in highest pod yield (2, 420 kglha) and moisture stress at pod-development stage and both at pod initiation and development stages reduced pod yield by 13.4 and 44.2 % respectively. The crop sown at 25 cm x 12 cm spacing recorded the highest nodules/plant,shoot dry weight and pod yield.
Effect of foliar application of potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate on groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: R. K. SARKAR  , A. CHAKRABORTY  , ANITA SAHA
Published: December 2023

A field experiment conducted during the spring season of 1996 and 1997 at Baruipur in gangetic alluvial soil showed that foliar application of potassium nitrate (0.25%) and calcium nitrate (0.203%) to groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during 50% flowering stage increased the growth parameters and yield attributes which ultimately resulted in higher pod yield than foliar spray of KNO, @ 0.50 and 1.00% and Ca(NO,), @ 0.406 and 0.81 2%, water spray and the control. There was 71 % yield increase over the control.