bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing Malware Detection With LLMs
Authors: Magyar Attila , Omar Marwan
Published: November 2024

Malware detection remains a critical challenge in cybersecurity, necessitating innovative approaches to identify and mitigate threats. Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) offer promising avenues for improving malware detection systems. This chapter explores the application of GPT-2, a state-of-the-art generative pre-trained transformer model, to enhance malware detection. The authors propose a novel methodology leveraging GPT-2's capabilities to analyze and classify opcode snippets and textual features associated with malware. The approach involves fine-tuning GPT-2 on a diverse dataset of malware and benign software to learn distinctive patterns and characteristics indicative of malicious behavior. The experimental results demonstrate that GPT-2 achieves significant improvements in detection accuracy and reduces false positives compared to traditional methods. This study highlights the potential of integrating advanced NLP models with cybersecurity practices, providing a robust framework for future research in malware detection.
Transformative AI in Biomedicine Analysis
Authors: Tiwari Naresh
Published: November 2024

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in biomedicine, highlighting the transformative impact on various domains, from basic research to clinical practice. The author explores AI's role in medical imaging and diagnostics, drug discovery and development, genomics and precision medicine, and healthcare management and delivery. Key advancements, such as deep learning for image analysis, virtual screening for drug design, and AI-driven patient stratification, are discussed. The chapter also addresses challenges surrounding AI implementation, including data access, bias, scalability, transparency, privacy, and regulatory uncertainties. Potential solutions and policy options to address these challenges and enhance AI's benefits are proposed. The author emphasizes the importance of collaboration between AI experts and healthcare stakeholders, as well as the need for responsible AI development practices. Future directions highlight the potential for AI to transform healthcare and improve patient outcomes and need for responsible AI.
Text Analysis on Green Supply Chain Practices of Electronic Companies
Authors: Balan Shilpa , Conlon Sumali J. , Reithel Brian
Published: November 2024

The electronics industry is one of the major regulated industries in the United States that is profoundly impacted by environmental issues. In this study, we use natural language processing (NLP) techniques to analyze reports from major electronics companies to examine the impact on their environmental performance in alignment with the standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We applied collocation, semantic analysis and frequent pattern mining to evaluate the documented practices of green supply chain management used by firms in the electronics industry. The results from our study indicate that NLP analysis can be used on publicly available reports to highlight some of the best practices followed in a regulated industry. The electronic firms included in this study are found to be focused on energy efficiency implying that the firms are likely to be more environmentally sustainable. NLP tools present opportunities for investigating and documenting regulatory compliance.
How to Promote Data Sharing of Financial Service Providers Based on Federated Learning Technology
Authors: Tang Huijun
Published: November 2024

Data sharing between financial service providers (FSPs) can promote the reduction of financial risks, but the reality is that the FSPs may be unwilling to share data with each other due to data security problems. The emergence of federated data technology provides a convenient way to address this issue. In this article, the author proposes using a federated data sharing model for FSPs and two dynamic evolutionary games for evaluating influencing factors. Cooperation results when both FSPs reach a certain level of mutual payoff. The reward and punishment mechanisms are important means by which FSPs actively implement real data sharing. The interaction between the FSP and the federated technology service provider (FTSP) demonstrates the practicality of this new technology. The results show that the data sharing improved the data trust and supported regulatory mechanisms.
Onde fica o útero?
Authors: Vale Mariana
Published: November 2024

O projeto "Onde fica o útero?" reflete sobre a complexa relação entre o útero, o gênero feminino e a maternidade, problematizando o papel tradicionalmente atribuído às mulheres na reprodução e no cuidado. A autora, ao submeter-se à reprodução assistida e encará-la como uma performance, explora os desafios e as frustrações ligados à infertilidade, ao fracasso e à imposição de padrões sociais. A série de autorretratos, resultante dessa experiência, propõe uma atualização da autorrepresentação feminina, colocando em questão as construções de gênero, sexualidade e identidade. As imagens radiográficas do aparelho reprodutor sobrepostas aos autorretratos criam uma narrativa visual que desafia as concepções tradicionais de corpo e gênero.
Establishment of Ferroalloy Production Facility - A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ali Amjad , Mehmood Khalid , Zabbih Zabbih Ullah , Zafar Muhammad Moaaz , Arif Muhammad , Hassan Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Nature has blessed Pakistan with abundant reserves of various ores/minerals. Among these; ores of Chromium, Manganese and Silicon like; Chromite, Manganite, Hausmannite, Braunite and Quartz are phenomenal in metallurgical perspective particularly for ferroalloys production, metals extraction and steel making industry. Unfortunately, Pakistan has been unable to realize the potential associated with these natural assets and therefore adequate mining, ore-beneficiation and value-additive measures are still missing. This paper briefly describes the locations, size and concentration of aforementioned ore/minerals in the country, local and international market trends, potential associated with value-addition of these raw materials and emphasizes the crucial and strategic need for the establishment of a ferroalloy production facility in the country.
AI-Guided Feature Segmentation Techniques to Model Features from Single Crystal Diamond Growth
Authors: Mekala Rohan Reddy , Garratt Elias , Muehle Matthias , Srinivasan Arjun , Porter Adam , Lindvall Mikael
Published: November 2024

Improving diamond growth to achieve high-quality materials for applications like optics and quantum detectors is a key objective. Leveraging machine learning, especially with its challenges such as complex, time-dependent data features and the sheer data volume per growth cycle, presents a promising solution. The extraction of accurate spatial features from images for real-time diamond growth monitoring is challenging due to data's complex and sparse nature. This paper evaluates various feature extraction methods in diamond growth, introducing a novel deep learning approach for precise geometric feature segmentation. It utilizes a human-in-the-loop system for efficient data annotation, significantly cutting down labeling time and costs. Our approach, using the DeeplabV3plus model, showcases high efficiency in feature classification, with accuracies up to 96.31% for pocket holders, 98.60% for diamond tops, and 91.64% for sides, demonstrating deep learning's potential in handling complex dataset features effectively.
Submerged Friction Stir Welding Compared to Friction Stir Welding of EN AW 6082 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Botila Lia-Nicoleta , Perianu Ion Aurel , Marin-Corciu Matei , Dobrin Emilia , Duma Iuliana , Popescu Radu Nicolae
Published: November 2024

Friction stir welding is an ecological and innovative solid state joining process of metallic materials, representing a current research direction of international interest. Submerged Friction Stir Welding (SFSW) is an unconventional joining technique, derived from the FSW welding process, which has generated considerable interest in the international scientific community as well as in industrial fields producing different welded metal components and modules/structures. The paper presents the results of the experimental research carried out by ISIM Timisoara regarding the FSW welding in air and in liquid working environment (SFSW) of the EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy. The research aimed at the comparative analysis of the results obtained to the FSW and SFSW welding of the EN AW 6082 aluminum alloy, using the same tool type and base material thickness. The obtained results will be a starting point for outlining of the future experimental research programs of friction stir processing in air and in liquid environment of EN AW 6082 alloy, which will be carried out within the ongoing Nucleu PN 23 37 01 02 project.
Identification of the Local Mechanical Behavior of FSW Welds Using the Inverse Method
Authors: Miloiu Nicoleta Sorina , Demmouche Younes , Dhondt Matthieu , Bădulescu Claudiu , Iordache Daniela Monica , Nitu Eduard Laurentiu , Perianu Ion Aurel
Published: November 2024

The friction stir welding (FSW) process was developed by the Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991. The idea started from the need to use materials with high strength and low density in the aerospace and automotive industries to increase their performance. The FSW process enables the welding of dissimilar metals such as Al/Mg, Al/Cu, Cu/Mg, etc., without melting the base metal and avoiding the defects seen during fusion welding. FSW joining leads to a core and heat-affected zones with a behaviour different from that of the base metal. The behaviour of these zones influences the global behaviour of the welded structure and for this reason it is important to define the local behaviour. The present study focuses on identifying the local behaviour of a weld using numerical simulation. For this, the global model of the welded joint is created, by defining the specific areas of friction welding with rotating active element (the base material-MB; the thermally affected zone from the retreating side of tool- HAZ RS; the thermo-mechanically affected zone from the retreating side of the tool - TMAZ RS; the core of the weld - N, the thermo-mechanically affected zone from the advancing side of the tool - TMAZ AS; the thermally affected zone from the advancing side of the tool - HAZ AS) and the simulation of the tensile test is carried out. The local behaviour obtained after the simulation is compared with the behaviour obtained experimentally in the specialized literature. Next, the correlation of Abaqus and Matlab programs is presented to analyze and compare experimental data from the literature with those obtained from the simulation by applying the reverse method. This consists of introducing experimentally identified parameters into the numerical simulation, determining an eloquent comparison criterion, defining the error function and minimizing it. The inverse method presented in this paper opens new opportunities for its use in much more in-depth analyses.
Preparation of Flower-Like Layered Double Hydroxides Supercapacitor Cathode Based on Biomineralization Strategy
Authors: Chen Rong Xin , Cheng Li
Published: November 2024

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) materials are widely used in the cathodes of high-performance supercapacitors. However, current preparation methods suffer from issues such as high energy consumption, complex processes, and significant safety hazards. In this study, based on a mild biomineralization reaction route, flower-like nano-sheet structured cobalt-based LDHs (COH) cathode was successfully prepared. The COH cathode achieved an outstanding specific capacitance of 829.0 F g-¹ at a current density of 1 A g-¹ and retained 90.9% of its initial capacitance after 4000 cycles. This biomineralization strategy holds promise for widespread application in the preparation of nanostructured electrode materials.
Enhancing Heat Transfer Efficiency through Nanofluid Integration for Thermal Management System: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Hamza Hafiz Azeem , Shabbir Altamash , Nisar Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the potential of nanofluids in enhancing heat transfer performance in a 2D tube through a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental analysis. Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, offer improved thermal conductivity compared to conventional coolants. The study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to replicate the experimental setup and parameters used by Mustafa Moraveji et al. The objective is to assess the heat transfer coefficient (h) and compare the results with experimental data. The computational analysis utilizes CFD simulations to study the flow of nanofluids through the 2D tube and evaluate the heat transfer coefficients at different axial locations. The results indicate that the addition of nanofluids to the base fluid leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient, suggesting enhanced heat transfer performance due to the presence of nanoparticles. The findings are compared with experimental data from previous studies to validate the simulations. The study contributes valuable insights into the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a 2D tube and demonstrates their potential for improving heat transfer efficiency. Further research can focus on optimizing nanofluid compositions, investigating additional parameters, and exploring practical applications in heat exchange systems for enhanced thermal management.
Thermal Imaging: An Alternative Approach for Crack Identification in Solar Panels
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Ali Kamran Muhammad , Ullah Zafar Fahad , Gul Rizwan Mehmood
Published: November 2024

This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the identification of cracks in solar panels using a combination of electroluminescence (EL) and thermal imaging techniques. The EL imaging was utilized to capture the electroluminescent response of the panels, highlighting any irregularities in the cell structure caused by cracks. While thermal imaging was used to identify temperature variations indicative of crack locations due to localized heat dissipation. The results of the study demonstrate the efficacy of each imaging technique in crack detection. EL imaging exhibited high sensitivity to cracks, providing detailed information about the location and extent of the damage. Thermal imaging, on the other hand, revealed temperature differentials in cracked areas. Furthermore, thermal imaging can expediently assess health of solar panels insofar as both methods were successful in identifying major defects in solar panels. In addition, the research paper discusses the advantages and limitations of each imaging technique, providing insights into their applicability in real-world solar panel inspection scenarios. The thermal imaging showed that a temperature difference of ten degree Celsius between average and peak temperature on solar panels showed major cracks or faults in the panel.
Absorption Spectra Analysis of Nd/Yb Codoped Boro-Tellurite Glasses
Authors: Rahmawati Anisa Nandita , Marzuki Ahmad , Suryanti Venty , Indryani Aldila Muly , Fausta Devara Ega , Alvyanti Frisca Aulia , Oktafiani Rivina , Salma Anida , Mafuroh Riris Eka , Ariyanti Selvina
Published: November 2024

A series of boro-tellurite glasses having chemical compositions: 50B2O3 - 35TeO2 - 10Bi2O3 - (4.5-x)Na2O - 0.4Nd2O3 - xYb2O3 where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mol% were fabricated and characterized in order to study the effect of Nd/Yb substitution in boro-tellurite glass in absorption spectra. These glasses have been completely fabricated by applying the melt-quenching method. Fabrication was carried out by raising the furnace temperature from room temperature to 500°C for 10 minutes, then holding it for 10 minutes, and raising it again to 950°C for 35 minutes. Absorption spectra were measured at room temperature using a Hitachi VHS300 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. From the experiment, it revealed that nine absorbance bands were found: i.e., 513, 526, 584, 627, 681, 746, 802, 874, and 976 nm.
Variation in Mentions of Race and Ethnicity in Notes in Intensive Care Units Across a Health Care System
Authors: Cobert Julien , Espejo Edie , Boscardin John , Mills Hunter , Ashana Deepshikha , Raghunathan Karthik , Heintz Timothy A. , Chapman Allyson Cook , Smith Alex K. , Lee Sei
Published: November 2024

Background

Social constructs like race can affect how patients are perceived and impact care. This study investigated whether mentions of race in notes for critically ill patients differed according to patients’ race.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included intensive care unit notes for adults (≥18 years old) admitted to any of 6 intensive care units at University of California, San Francisco, from 2012 through 2020. Notes were linked to National Provider Identifier records to obtain note writer characteristics. Logistic regression analysis with robust SEs clustered on note writers was adjusted for patient-, note- and clinician-level characteristics. Any race or ethnicity mention was the outcome of interest.

Results

Among 5573 patients with 292 457 notes by 9742 unique note writers, 3225 patients (57.9%) self-reported their race as White, 997 (17.9%) as Asian, 860 (15.4%) as Latinx, and 491 (8.8%) as Black. Note writers documented race/ethnicity for 20.8% of Black, 10.9% of Latinx, 9.1% of White, and 4.4% of Asian patients. Black patients were more likely than White patients to have race mentioned in notes (adjusted odds ratio, 2.05 [95% CI, 1.49-2.82]).

Conclusions

Black patients were more than twice as likely as White patients to have race mentioned in notes. Note language containing information on social constructs has consequences for clinicians and patients reading notes and for algorithms trained on clinical notes.
Female Ordination and the Buddha’s Dispensation with a Critical Analysis of Brahmacariya Practice
Authors: Rajinda -
Published: November 2024

When the Buddha permitted women to join the monastic community, he predicted that the Buddha’s dispensation (Buddhasāsana) would last only a thousand years due to their ordination. Many scholars dispute this claim. Bhikkhu Anālayo, for example, argues against the Cullavaggapāḷi’s prediction of decline, suggesting it has not materialized, and he explores the impact of the Bhikkhuṇī Order on the dispensation’s longevity. This article investigates how female ordination affects the dispensation and critically analyzes the practice of brahmacariya (celibacy). It utilizes both primary and secondary sources for a thorough critique of existing scholarly views and a detailed examination of brahmacariya within canonical and commentarial texts. The analysis suggests that while female ordination might not cause the complete disappearance of the Buddhasāsana, it could influence the dynamics between monks and nuns, potentially leading to a decline in brahmacariya and spiritual progress within monastic life. Thus, the article supports Bhikkhu Anālayo’s view that the issue lies more with the practice of brahmacariya and spiritual advancement rather than the overall longevity of the dispensation.
Flora vascolare del Parco regionale di Montevecchia e della Valle del Curone (Lombardia, Italia settentrionale)
Authors: Villa Milena , Banfi Enrico , Galasso Gabriele
Published: November 2024

Il Parco regionale di Montevecchia e della Valle del Curone è situato in Lombardia, nel cuore della Brianza lecchese, a circa 30 km da Milano e 20 km da Lecco. Istituito nel 1983, dopo il recente ampliamento del 2019 occupa una superficie complessiva di circa 2.970 ha ricadenti nel territorio dei seguenti comuni, appartenenti tutti alla provincia di Lecco: Cernusco Lombardone, La Valletta Brianza, Lomagna, Merate, Missaglia, Montevecchia, Olgiate Molgora, Osnago, Sirtori e Viganò. I censimenti effettuati dal 1998 a maggio 2022, documentati sia da campioni d’erbario sia dalle schede pubblicate sul sito web del parco, hanno permesso di riconoscere.... [...]
Biblical Theological investigations into the attribute of God’s wisdom
Authors: Coetsee Albert J. , Viljoen Francois P.
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Next steps for the East, Central and Southern Africa College of Family Physicians (ECSA-CFP)
Authors: Besigye Innocent K. , Makasa Mpundu , Makwero Martha , Shabani Jacob S. , Ray Sunanda
Published: November 2024

No abstract available.
Expressions of whiteness? A Black ecclesiological reflection on Fresh Expressions of Church
Authors: Aldous Benjamin J. , Baron Eugene
Published: November 2024

The article presents a critical literary analysis of the Fresh Expressions of Church movement, which started in the United Kingdom (UK) and was subsequently adopted by some mainline churches in South Africa. The authors review the genesis of the movement and its models, development and approaches in order to understand its relevance for the post-apartheid South African context. The authors then critically compare, through a literary analysis, the theological praxis of the Fresh Expressions movement and bring it into critical dialogue with some Black Liberation Theologians and Steve Biko of the Black Consciousness Movement who, when apartheid was at its height in South Africa, argued for a ‘Black expression’ of church. In the article, the authors reach a dramatic point by asking whether a ‘fresh expression’ is indeed needed, in the light of an existing ‘Black expression’ of faith and lived religion in South Africa that has historically been ignored and stifled. The article concludes with a call to embrace Black Ecclesiology in the post-apartheid context.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The article concludes with a call to embrace Black Ecclesiology in the post-apartheid context.
Dense perivenular clustering of microaneurysms: A pointer of leukemic retinopathy?
Authors: Temkar Shreyas , Nair Shruti , Ramachandar Hemanth , Agarwal Disha , Deb Amit Kumar
Published: November 2024

A boy in his late teens with a history of low-grade fever evaluated for a hematological malignancy was screened for ocular involvement. The fundus examination revealed a hyperemic disc with engorged tortuous retinal veins, pseudo sheathing of the peripheral retinal vasculature with surrounding retinal hemorrhages, and retinal infiltrates suggestive of leukemic retinopathy. Wide-field fundus fluorescein angiography showed areas of capillary non-perfusion along with characteristic dense segregation of multiple perivenular microaneurysms with sparing of the arterioles. The patient was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia and treated with imatinib mesylate. No active ophthalmic treatment was carried out because there was no evidence of treatable retinal complications such as macular edema or retinal neovascularization. Clearance of leukemic infiltrates, along with complete regression of the microaneurysms, were observed 6 weeks after the treatment.
Corneal melting after paclitaxel therapy in a case with intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation
Authors: Yao Zhiwen , Wu TungChing , Lin Lixia , Gu Jianjun
Published: November 2024

Intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) are small, crescent shaped plastic rings placed in the deep, peripheral corneal stroma to flatten the cornea. Corneal melting is a rare complication of ICRS implantation, with no long term effects reported. Although ocular toxicities are associated with paclitaxel (PTX), corneal melting from PTX therapy remains rare. Here we report a case of corneal melting in a patient who had ICRS implanted 20 years ago following recent PTX therapy for breast cancer. A 35 year old female patient presented with eye pain, photophobia, and blurry vision in her left eye, following a history of ICRS implantation 20 years ago. She was diagnosed with breast cancer 6 months ago and was undergoing PTX chemotherapy therapy. Ocular examination revealed bilateral meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and corneal melting in the left eye at the site of the corneal ring. Treatment initially included only eye drops mainly to promote epithelial repair and control inflammation. After 2 weeks, the corneal melting showed signs of healing; however, the patient continued complaining about eye pain and discomfort. Subsequently, amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) and corneal contact lenses were initiated, leading to significant improvement after 2 months of treatment.
Intra-orbital developmental arrest of the levator muscle in congenital ptosis with poor levator muscle excursion, A case report
Authors: Alahmadawy Yomna A
Published: November 2024

Levator muscle dystrophy is the most approved etiology of simple congenital ptosis. Levator muscle excursion is the commonly used clinical test that determines the type of surgery. Poor levator muscle function has stigmatized the integrity of the levator muscle contractility for long and rationalized the decision of frontalis muscle-based surgical techniques. This is a case of bilateral moderate-to-severe congenital ptosis in an 11-month-old girl with poor levator excursion and high creases. Trans-crease sling surgery was decided. Dissection revealed an evident iris hue denoting the complete absence of levator aponeurosis being replaced by a septal layer covering the Muller-conjunctival complex. The edge of the aponeurosis appeared at the level of the orbital roof. The suturing of the muscle to the anterior surface of the tarsus achieved a good lid position and contour. This report points to the importance of levator muscle exploration even in the presence of poor muscle function to detect other levator muscle pathologies that may change the outcome.
A case report of orbital Castleman’s disease
Authors: Ghosh Debaruna , Velu Maneksha , Aparna KS
Published: November 2024

Castleman's disease is a group of atypical lymphoproliferative disorders. Extranodal involvement is rare. We report a case of a 39-year male who had left painless proptosis for three months. Examination revealed a firm mass in the left inferior orbit, displacing the globe superiorly. MRI showed an irregular mass causing enlargement of the left recti muscles. Systemic workup was unremarkable. The mass was excised via inferior orbitotomy. Histopathology showed hyaline vascular variant of Castleman's disease. Postoperatively, proptosis resolved and no recurrence was noted. This highlights the importance of including CD while evaluating irregular orbital lesions for early detection and management.
Modified pneumatic retinopexy with endoillumination for management of recurrent retinal detachment after failed scleral buckle
Authors: Burgula Sreekala , Zhou Sean , Yang Yunfei , Sabatino Francesco
Published: November 2024

We report a modification of pneumatic retinopexy (PnR), incorporating endoillumination, for management of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after scleral buckle (SB). A 42-year-old gentleman underwent SB for treatment of left-eye RRD without macular involvement and not associated with posterior vitreous detachment. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/12 in the left eye. Recurrence of RRD was noted at 1 month postoperatively, and the patient elected to undergo a modified rescue PnR, where endoillumination was adopted. BCVA improved to 6/9.5, and complete resolution of subretinal fluid was observed at 1 month postoperatively. There were no intraoperative complications, and there was no recurrence of RRD at 1-year follow-up. We conclude that modified rescue PnR with endo-illumination represents a safe and effective method to manage failed primary RRD following SB. It offers the advantage of enhancing the visualization of new or missed retinal breaks and represents a less invasive surgical approach when compared to revision SB or PPV.
Custard apple seeds (Annona squamosa)-induced bilateral toxic keratopathy
Authors: Prasad Nishi , Singh Prashant , Pillay Ganesh
Published: November 2024

Custard apple seeds are a natural remedy for head lice infestation in some parts of India. We report a case of a patient with accidental bilateral ocular exposure to custard apple seeds powder. The patient developed toxic bilateral keratopathy, which was treated with topical antibiotics, lubricants, and low-dose steroids. The patient responded well to the treatment. This report is intended to educate the patients regarding the potential toxic effects of custard apple seeds and increase the awareness of public on traditional harmful practices in this regard.
An unusual case of sarcoidosis masquerading as malignancy of the lacrimal sac
Authors: Prasad Shimna C , Jacob Jasmine M , Jacob Dimple R , Arya A H
Published: November 2024

We report a case of a 60-year-old lady with sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac. A 60-year-old female presented with redness and epiphora of the right eye and swelling that was felt only on palpation of the lacrimal sac area. Dacryocystectomy was done for the patient, and histopathology, radiology, and laboratory investigations led to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac. There are only a few case reports of sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac in the literature. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the sixth case reported regarding sarcoidosis of the lacrimal sac.
Beyond the retina: Lipemia retinalis as a clue to Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy syndrome
Authors: Nagarajan Shastikaa , Perumal Venkatesh , Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh
Published: November 2024

In this rare and significant scenario, a 15-year-old female recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus presented with moderate lipemia retinalis during routine diabetic retinopathy screening. Further investigations revealed elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels, prompting the diagnosis of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy syndrome. This congenital disorder, characterized by severe insulin resistance and dyslipidemia due to near-total absence of adipose tissue, emphasizes the critical role of interdisciplinary care involving ophthalmologists, endocrinologists, and geneticists. Early recognition of ocular manifestations such as lipemia retinalis is crucial for timely diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
A young female with endothelial dysfunction in a case of hyper IgE syndrome
Authors: Sharda Shipra , Bharti Nisha
Published: November 2024

Damage to corneal endothelium occurs during chronic inflammation due to the migration and deposition of mediators and cytokines involved in inflammatory cascade pathways. We report a case of a 22-year-old young female with hyper IgE syndrome with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction occurred due to the deposition of fibrin and induction of neutrophil chemotaxis. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce endothelial cell loss in chronic inflammatory processes.
Performing minor glaucoma interventions on the slit lamp
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Panigrahi Arnav , Gupta Viney
Published: November 2024

Background:

Complications are frequently encountered after glaucoma surgeries, for which timely intervention is necessary. Many of these interventions, like bleb needling, tube repositioning, anterior chamber (AC) reformation, paracentesis, and hyphema drainage, are fairly simple, but can often be vision saving. However, waiting for operation theater availability for these minor procedures can be a risky decision. Hence, techniques for performing these procedures on a slit lamp should be part of every glaucoma surgeon’s armamentarium.

Purpose:

This video is meant to introduce the viewers to simple techniques for performing minor procedures, enabling management on a slit lamp. The need to know a simple yet effective way to perform these procedures cannot be overemphasized.

Synopsis:

This video demonstrates, in the specified order, techniques for AC paracentesis, AC reformation, Ahmed glaucoma valve tube repositioning, iris repositioning, bleb needling and hyphema drainage. Utmost aseptic precautions must be taken before performing these procedures on the slit lamp, especially in cases where the 26G needle enters AC. This includes the use of a sterile air filter, donning sterilized gloves, and using its sterile wrapper to place the 2 ml syringe being used. Use of betadine eye drops before the procedure and a week-long course of topical antibiotics after these procedures is recommended.

Highlights:

This video demonstrates simple techniques for performing useful procedures on the slit lamp, an effective tool for managing postoperative complications.

Video link:

https://youtu.be/35sOVm7rxEc
Traumatic irido-pseudophacocele following whiplash injury with cow tail: A case report
Authors: Shakya Rakesh , Ahluwalia Navjot , Shah Chintan , Dubey Shilpi , Kohli Gaurav , Jain BK
Published: November 2024

We report a rare case of traumatic pseudophacocele in an old patient after suffering trauma from a cow tail. The patient presented to us very late, 5 months after the trauma. The clinical diagnosis was difficult as the entire anterior chamber was filled with blood. The anterior segment optical coherence tomography helped us to reach a diagnosis. Despite providing the best possible surgical treatment, vision remained poor due to the development of glaucoma secondary to trauma. Our case highlights the utility of non-contact diagnostic modalities and the need for early recognition and treatment of such visually devastating conditions.
Unveiling a rare co-occurrence: Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome and Griscelli syndrome type 3 with novel mutations in a child presenting with cataract – A unique case report
Authors: Kumar Honnagangaiah Mohan , Murali Nirupama , Shwetha N C , Shetty Archana , Sweekruthi G K
Published: November 2024

This case report describes a child with the coexistence of Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS) and Griscelli syndrome type 3 (GS3). A 9-year-old female with developmental delay and silvery hair had bilateral cataract and esotropia. Isolated finding of silvery hair was found in family members. Light microscopy features of the hair shaft were typical of Griscelli syndrome. Confirmation of GS3 was done by genetic sequencing, which also revealed SIL1 gene mutation, seen in MSS. This case underscores the intricacy of clinical findings and highlights the importance of genetic analysis in achieving an accurate diagnosis.
Atypical presentation of periorbital rhinosporidiosis: A rare case report
Authors: Sahu Sandip Kumar , Samal Dilip Kumar , Tripathy Taraprasad , Aggarwal Utkarsh
Published: November 2024

Periorbital rhinosporidiosis (PR) is an aquatic protistan parasitic infection that commonly affects mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. This report presents a case of PR mimicking a low-flow vascular malformation (VM) that was later diagnosed as an atypical case of PR. A 48-year-old male presented with a painless mass medially below the right eye’s lower lid, which progressively increased in size. Initial examination suggested a low-flow VM. However, histopathological analysis of the biopsy specimen confirmed the presence of rhinosporidiosis with features such as arteriovenous malformation. There is a need for a multidisciplinary approach to manage such cases.
Novel unreported mutations in two cases of X-linked retinoschisis in Indian eye
Authors: Juneja Aarzoo , Sen Ahana , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: November 2024

We report two cases of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) with novel gene mutation. The first case revealed a hemizygous nonsense variant (c.440G>A) in exon 5 of the RS1 gene and the second case revealed a hemizygous missense variant (c.286T>G) in exon 4 of the RS1 gene. These gene mutations in XLRS are yet to be reported in published literature. Genetic mutations can have ethnic variations, and understanding novel mutations can help in genotype–phenotype correlation in a better way.
Bilateral electricity-induced cataract with dissimilar morphology in a young electrician
Authors: Jyothi A , Sachan Anusha , Sharma Namrata
Published: November 2024

This report documents a rare case of bilateral electricity-induced cataracts presenting with dissimilar morphology in each eye following an electrocution incident, underscoring the significance of recognizing electrical injury as a causative factor for varied cataract presentations. A 22-year-old electrician experienced decreased vision in his left eye 11 months post electrocution. A comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, and ultrasonography, was conducted to assess the cataracts’ morphological characteristics. Uniquely, the patient presented with a posterior subcapsular cataract in the right eye and a milky white cataract with snowflake-like anterior subcapsular opacifications in the left eye, confirming the diagnosis of bilateral electricity-induced cataracts with dissimilar morphology. This case highlights the critical need for an exhaustive ophthalmological assessment in electrocution victims, facilitating the early detection and management of varied ocular complications, including diverse cataract morphologies.
Delayed-onset spontaneous bilateral Descemet’s membrane detachment after uneventful phacoemulsification
Authors: Ramakrishnan Sruthi , Saikumar Seshadri J , Pillai Vinay S. , Cherian Juhy
Published: November 2024

A 69-year-old male presented with defective vision in both eyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/6 p with anterior cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts in both eyes. Fundus examination was normal. He underwent successful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in the left eye, improving BCVA to 6/6. Two months later, BCVA in the right eye decreased to 6/12p; cataract progression was noted. Phacoemulsification in the right eye restored BCVA to 6/6. Four months post-left eye surgery, he developed corneal edema with descemet membrane detachment (DMD). Multiple descemetopexies with SF6 led to reattachment. Right eye also developed DMD which reattached with SF6 descemetopexy. Final visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/6 partial in the left eye.
Lamellar scleral patch autograft after ballistic accident: A case report
Authors: Kharrat Malek , Kallel Zeineb , Bouajina Sinda , Dlensi Aryj , Zbiba Walid
Published: November 2024

Scleral graft has been used in clinical situations including perforating eye trauma to treat traumatic scleral dehiscence. A 28-year-old male patient presented for a painful left eye following a firearm-related injury few hours ago. Visual acuity was limited to light perception with a 2 mm wide, oval-shaped inferior scleral gap. Due to the size of the scleral defect, we decided to perform a scleral autograft. The graft was fashioned from the inferonasal sclera, deposited over the recipient hole, and secured with 10–0 nylon sutures on the corneal and scleral sides of the surgical bed with favorable anatomical and refractive outcomes.
Blindness due to the third eye: Sudden visual loss in pineal gland tumor
Authors: Chaudhary Sameer , Sen Sagnik , Shanmugam Maheshkumar , Akkayasamy Kowsalya
Published: November 2024

We report a rare case of sudden visual loss in a 9-year-old child with a pineal gland tumor. At presentation, examination revealed nil light perception in both eyes, features suggestive of Parinaud’s syndrome and one-and-a-half syndrome, and a normal fundus. Neuroimaging revealed a pineal region mass compressing the midbrain, aqueduct of Sylvius, and third ventricle, with the latter being displaced anteriorly. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, after which the visual perception recovered and was followed by mass excision. Although the mechanism of brainstem symptoms is typical, pineal gland tumors are not a known cause of sudden vision loss.
Epithelial ingrowth after traumatic lamellar laceration of the cornea: Case series with long follow up
Authors: Kaur Amanjot , Sahu Srikant , Das Sujata , Mohanty Amrita
Published: November 2024

Epithelial ingrowth is a common complication after laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis. Surgical treatment is required if there is glare, diminution of vision, significant astigmatism or flap melt. Apart from ocular surgeries, traumatic lamellar laceration of the cornea also causes EI in rare cases. After an extensive literature search, we came across only one reported cases of EI following traumatic lamellar laceration. In this paper, we present a case series of four patients with epithelial ingrowth after traumatic lamellar laceration of cornea and their long-term follow-ups.
Unilateral retinitis pigmentosa in Von Recklinghausen disease: A rare occurrence
Authors: Bhogar Kavin , Dewan Taru , Ritu Kumari , Tyagi Ishita
Published: November 2024

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is hereditary progressive retinal dystrophy causing symmetrical affliction of both eyes. Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)/Von Recklinghausen disease is a hereditary neurocutaneous disorder with ocular involvement. But, occurrence of retinitis pigmentosa in NF1 is very uncommon, and unilateral RP in this scenario is a rare occurrence. This case report is of a male patient with NF1 presenting with unilateral RP on ophthalmological examination. This case is being presented for its rarity.
Psychometric Properties Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B- CaffeQ): An Adaptation Study in Recreationally Active Individuals
Authors: Mercanoğlu Anıl Onur , Kaçoğlu Celil
Published: November 2024

Caffeine is a psychoactive substance that is widely consumed in the world and Turkey. It is seen that its widespread consumption is related to expectancies of consumption as well as cultural factors. Recreationally active individuals may have various expectations from caffeine consumption in line with their lifestyles and goals such as physical, social and/or other aspects. It can be stated that caffeine consumption expectancies have an important role in the process of evaluating consumption patterns. However, in the literature, it seems to be very limited information about expectancies related to caffeine consumption. In this direction, the aim of the research was to test the compatibility of Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffeQ) to Turkish culture and language. In the study, data were collected from two separate participant groups and were analyzed. Participants were composed of recreationally active individuals. To reveal the structure in the first group (n=278) data, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and to verify the structure in the second group (n=313) data, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used. Reliability was assessed by performing test-retest and internal consistency analyzes on both the two data groups. The findings show that the existing 7-dimensional structure contains good values in terms of validity and reliability, and it overlaps with the original B-CaffeQ structure. As a result, the data obtained shows that B-CaffeQ-TR is a valid and reliable measurement tool that could be used to evaluate the expectancies of caffeine use in the Turkish language and culture.
Relay Ramp of Abu-Jir Fault Zone, Western Iraq
Authors: Alkhafaji Laith , Alhadithi Abdulkhaleq
Published: November 2024

A previously unstudied structure such as a relay ramp provides a great understanding of the geometry and behavior of the Abu-Jir Fault Zone. The field work, using topographic maps of a 10 meters contour interval and digital images revealed a relay ramp structure within the fault zone. Abu-JirFault consists of two segments, Sahliyah and Al-Dulab, which were chosen, both of which are right step normal faults subjected to strike-slip movement, where both are located northwest of the Heet area which them connected by a relay ramp. These ramps contained some accommodated antithetic structures such as local folds and faults. The results show much understanding of the Abu-JirFault Zone and its role in hydrocarbon migration and entrapment in the studied area.
Facies Analysis and Depositional Environment of the Euphrates Formation in Selected Sections, Southwestern Iraq
Authors: Dawood Othman , Al-Hetty Salam
Published: November 2024

The current study aims to investigate the microfacies, diagenetic processes, and depositional environments of the twenty-three rock samples from the Lower Miocene Euphrates Formation of two outcrops collected at Bahar-Najaf in Najaf governorate and Al-Shinafiya in Diwaniyah governorate, southern Iraq. Thin sections of these samples were prepared; hence, the nature of microfacies and related depositional environments was established. The formation contains abundant benthonic foraminifers and other fossils like miliolids, echinoderm, coral, gastropods, and pelecypods. Seven distinct microfacies were identified: lime mudstone, miliolid packstone, Pelletal Grainstone, Lime Wackestone, Peloidal Grainstone, Oolitic grainstone Microfacies, and fossiliferous packstone packed with bioclasts. Diagenetic processes evidenced in this study are dissolution, neomorphism, cementation, micritization, and dolomitization. The Euphrates Formation was deposited in a shallow marine setting with fluctuating energy levels, ranging from low-energy lagoons to moderate and high-energy shoals and fore-reef environments. Various microfacies indicate a complex depositional environment on a carbonate platform influenced by biota and sedimentary processes. These observations support the inference that the Euphrates Formation accumulated in shallow open marine, inner barrier, and shoal settings, providing a detailed interpretation of its para-depositional and diagenetic development.
Wireless Sensing Network for Implementation of Air Quality Monitoring System and Indoor Air Quality Index Application
Authors: Khadim Hussein , Obaed Faik , Ajeel Nahla
Published: November 2024

Indoor air quality significantly impacts respiratory health and mental activity. This study utilizes a wireless sensing network (WSN) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor indoor air quality, referred to as an indoor air quality monitoring system. The system was installed and applied on campus at the University of Baghdad. The present study aims to monitor air quality parameters continuously within laboratories. Carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, and particulate objects are the pollutants chosen to be monitored by the installed system in this study. These pollutants were selected because they affect indoor facilities' comfort, health, and working conditions. Colored coded data was employed in the monitoring system; defined ranges for each pollutant were also integrated. Sensor nodes, wireless modules that connect to the IoT server, and user applications are the main components of the IAQMS system. LCDs, mobile applications, the ThingSpeak web server, and the LabView platform are examples of techniques used to present data collected by the system. Additionally, the system includes a notification function that alerts students and lab personnel when indoor air quality index IAQI values signal unhealthy indoor air quality. The proactive approach ensures a regulated standard for indoor air quality and pollutants.