bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Very‐sensitive direct measurement of plasma‐display exoemission
Authors: Weber Larry F. , Yan Qun (Frank)
Published: February 2011

Abstract— The exoemission of electrons from the MgO cathode surface has a great impact on many properties of plasma displays and needs to be carefully engineered for successful display products. A method for direct measurement of this exoemission current using an ultra‐high‐impedance amplifier, which detects the integrated exoemission charge collected by a capacitance, is presented. The large discharge and displacement currents initiated by the changing sustain waveform, which could overload and saturate the sensitive amplifier, are shorted by a very low impedance switch in the form of a common reed relay. The exoemission current from the MgO cathode is significantly amplified by avalanches in the gas, and thus methods for directly measuring the avalanche amplification factor so as to correct the measured current and obtain the true exoemission current from the cathode are described. This highly variable avalanche amplification factor is measured and estimated to be as large as 500 when the voltage across the gas is just below breakdown. Methods are covered to correct for the small ion currents that flow in the plasma‐panel soda glass substrates and that add an unwanted error signal. Practical circuit techniques for measuring the very small exoemission currents are presented.
High‐efficiency optical system for ultra‐short‐throw‐distance projector based on multi‐laser light source
Authors: Okuda Michihiro , Matsumoto Shinya , Maeda Makoto , Arai Kazuhiro , Tsuji Kiyoko , Ando Takahisa , Abe Takaaki , Inoue Masutaka , Amano Ryuhei , Ikeda Takashi , Kanayama Hideyuki
Published: February 2011

Abstract— A novel laser‐light‐source projector having the three outstanding features of high brightness, ultra‐short throw distance, and high color reproduction has been developed.These features have recently come to be required in the high‐end projector market. The technologies for the laser‐light‐source projectors fully utilize the advantages of lasers, such as high luminance, small étendue, and high color purity. By integrating a triple‐rod illumination system with a multi‐laser light source and an ultra‐wide‐angle projection system, the developed high‐efficiency optical system has achieved a brightness of 7000 lm and a throw ratio of 0.28 with an image size of 100–150 in. Another new technology, laser color processing (LCP), has offered vivid color reproduction which has a color gamut that is up to 180% wider than the BT.709 standard without appearing unnaturally colored. Furthermore, a speckle suppression effect produced by the multi‐laser light source has been demonstrated. In this paper, an overview of these newly developed technologies that are used in the novel laser‐light‐source projector is presented, and solutions to the issues of speckle noise and safety are presented.
Objective evaluation of qualified viewing spaces for near‐to‐eye and autostereoscopic two‐view displays
Authors: Järvenpää Toni , Salmimaa Marja , Levola Tapani
Published: February 2011

Abstract— Virtual‐image (near‐to‐eye) and two‐view autostereoscopic (3‐D) displays share similar optical properties in the comfortable user position for viewing. In this paper, the definitions and criteria of qualified viewing space (QVS) and qualified stereoscopic viewing space (QSVS) are discussed. Due to the complex nature of these viewing spaces, the related presumptions and the required optical characteristics and their measurements are specified. The effects of different display and observer parameters, such as interpupillary distance, to the resulting viewing spaces are discussed. Finally, real measurement data of two autostereoscopic display devices are presented.
Performance evaluation of multi‐primary color‐matrix layouts for mobile displays
Authors: Chorin Moshe Ben
Published: February 2011

Abstract— Different subpixel layouts for multi‐primary displays will be presented and their spatial performance analyzed. The layouts studied include red, green, blue, yellow, and cyan subpixels, arranged in 5/5, 5/4, and 5/3 configurations. In the 5/5 configuration, five primaries are arranged on five subpixels forming a square pixel. In the 5/4 configuration, five primaries are arranged on two square units, each of which have four subpixels so that the cyan and yellow subpixels are missing in alternate pixels. In the 5/3 layout, the multi‐primary color matrix is placed on top of a standard RGB TFT backplane with a subpixel aspect ratio of 1:3, resulting in an increased period of the full color sequence. Different data‐rendering methods for the modified color sequences were studied and their implication on the spatial performance were analyzed, given in terms of reproduction accuracy, i.e., the average S‐CIELAB error between data reproduced on a reference display and that reproduced on the examined layout. The reproduction error as a function of the angular substance of a pixel is reported for different layouts and rendering methods and are compared to that of an RGB display. It will be shown that the modified multi‐primary layouts reduce power consumption and provide good image quality for mobile applications.
Mycorrhizal fungal identity and diversity relaxes plant–plant competition
Authors: Wagg Cameron , Jansa Jan , Stadler Marina , Schmid Bernhard , van der Heijden Marcel G. A.
Published: February 2011

There is a great interest in ecology in understanding the role of soil microbial diversity for plant productivity and coexistence. Recent research has shown increases in species richness of mutualistic soil fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to be related to increases in aboveground productivity of plant communities. However, the impact of AMF richness on plant–plant interactions has not been determined. Moreover, it is unknown whether species‐rich AMF communities can act as insurance to maintain productivity in a fluctuating environment (e.g., upon changing soil conditions).

We tested the impact of four different AMF taxa and of AMF diversity (no AMF, single AMF taxa, and all four together) on competitive interactions between the legumeTrifolium pratenseand the grassLolium multiflorumgrown under two different soil conditions of low and high sand content. We hypothesized that more diverse mutualistic interactions (e.g., when four AMF taxa are present) can ease competitive effects between plants, increase plant growth, and maintain plant productivity across different soil environments. We used quantitative PCR to verify that AMF taxa inoculated at the beginning of the experiment were still present at the end.

The presence of AMF reduced the competitive inequality between the two plant species by reducing the growth suppression of the legume by the grass. High AMF richness enhanced the combined biomass production of the two plant species and the yield of the legume, particularly in the more productive soil with low sand content. In the less productive (high sand content) soil, the single most effective AMF had an equally beneficial effect on plant productivity as the mixture of four AMF. Since contributions of single AMF to plant productivity varied between both soils, higher AMF richness would be required to maintain plant productivity in heterogeneous environments. Overall this work shows that AMF diversity promotes plant productivity and that AMF diversity can act as insurance to sustain plant productivity under changing environmental conditions.
A Comprehensive Study of Sanding Rate From a Gas Field: From Reservoir to Completion, Production, and Surface Facilities
Authors: Han Gang , Shepstone Keith , Harmawan Iwan , Er Ufuk , Jusoh Hasni , Lin Lim Sue , Pringle Dave , Koya Rani , Carney Stephen , Barker Larry , Morita Nobuo , Papamichos Euripides , Cerasi Pierre , Sayers Colin , Heiland Juliane , Bruno Mike , Diessl Julia
Published: February 2011

An offshore gas field has been producing sand for a few years. Sand production has been closely monitored through acoustic flowline devices and a sand-collection system installed on the platforms. Observation of sand production has triggered evaluation of whether to install surface desanders or to complete future wells with downhole sand control. This evaluation requires a prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life. The possibility of providing downhole sand control on existing wells was also evaluated in separate studies.

Predicting sanding rate, particularly for gas fields, has been historically challenging, mainly because of the sporadic nature of sand production, inadequate quantification of fundamental physics, and lack of representative laboratory tests and reliable field calibration. To tackle these challenges, four studies have been designed and executed: (1) the development of a reliable log-based rock-strength estimate, (2) the prediction of sanding rate over the reservoir life for a conservative well condition, (3) the evaluation of sand-particle transport from the reservoir to the surface facilities, and (4) the estimate of potential erosion of platform facilities.

The sanding-rate prediction is based on extensive laboratory tests of four carefully selected whole cores with gas and water flow. It then has been validated by field-monitoring data from an acoustic flowline device on each producer and a sand-collection system on the platforms. The studies have provided a prediction of (1) future sand production, (2) how much of the produced sand will be seen at the surface (and, therefore, how much of it will fall into the rathole), (3) how fast various components of the surface facility will erode over the field life, and (4) what will be the optimal completion strategy for sand control should it become necessary. They have provided input to an integrated evaluation of completion design, reservoir management, platform configuration, and field economics.
The Future of Integrated Operations
Authors: Crompton Jim , Gilman Helen
Published: February 2011

The concept of integrated operations (IO) has matured significantly over the past 8 years since the landmark study by Cambridge Energy Research Associates (CERA) in 2002. Many companies, including Chevron, now have established programs with demonstrated results delivered in multiple assets. With that track record, companies are now asking what is next and how can they build on this foundation for the future.

Given what we have learned to date, how can we accelerate results and where can IO add the most value? What business and technology trends will emerge both to help and to hinder integrated workflow solutions over the next 5 to 10 years? This paper will address these questions by looking at the history of the Chevron i-field™ (i-field is a trademark of Chevron USA Incorporated in the US and in other countries) program to understand what has been accomplished, the promises realized, and the challenges uncovered in the journey. We will examine trends in the industry, to understand future opportunities and challenges more clearly.

The paper will look at how different elements of IO can be deployed more effectively and how to address the challenges of delivering and sustaining the change within the current and future workforce. Delivering solutions is usually difficult, but sustaining and supporting them provide new levels of challenge. How do we ensure that IO becomes the way we work in the future instead of a passing technology fashion fad?
Temperature and Salinity Effects on Drag-Reduction Characteristics of Polymers in Coiled Tubing
Authors: Shah S.N.. N. , Vyas Aditya
Published: February 2011

Coiled-tubing (CT) applications include drilling operations, hydraulic fracturing, well completions, removing sand or fill from wellbore, and other applications that involve pumping fluids at high temperatures and high salinity. Because of curvature effects in CT, huge pressure losses occur, limiting the maximum flow rate achieved. By adding specific chemicals known as "friction reducers" or "drag reducers" to the fluids, these pressure losses can be minimized to a great extent.

Previously, several authors have published their results for fluid flow through CT, but only a limited number of studies have been reported that relate to temperature and salinity effects on drag reduction in fluids flowing through CT.

This paper discusses an experimental study of two commonly used drag reducers—ASP-700 and ASP-820—flowing through CT with different salinities and temperatures. Both small-scale and large-scale flow loops are used in this study. The small-scale flow loop includes a ½-in.-outside-diameter (OD) smooth CT, while the large-scale flow loop includes 2⅜-in. rough CT. Elevated temperature tests and salinity tests are conducted using optimum concentrations of drag reducers in fresh water, 2% KCl, and synthetic seawater.

The flow data gathered were analyzed and used to develop correlations that can predict drag reduction at different salinities and temperatures. The developed correlations show reasonable agreement with experimental data.
Effect of Shear Rate on the Propagation of Polymer-Based In-Situ-Gelled Acids Inside Carbonate Cores
Authors: Gomaa A.M.. M. , Mahmoud M.A.. A. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A.
Published: February 2011

In-situ-gelled acids that are based on polymers have been used in the field for several years and were the subject of many laboratory studies. An extensive literature survey reveals that there are conflicting opinions about using these acids. These acids were used in the field with mixed results. Recent laboratory work indicated that these acids can cause damage under certain conditions. There is no agreement on when this system can be applied successfully in the field.

A coreflood study was conducted using Indiana limestone cores (1.5-in. diameter and 20-in. length) at high temperatures and pressures. Propagation of the acid, polymer, and crosslinker inside the long cores was examined in detail. Samples of the core effluent were collected, and the concentrations of calcium, crosslinker, and acid were measured. Permeability enhancement and location of any precipitation was detected using a computed-tomagraphy (CT) scanner on the core before and after the acid injection. Different sections were cut from the core to investigate the propagation and precipitation of polymer and crosslinker. Material balance was conducted to determine the amount of crosslinker retained in the core.

Experimental results show that this acid system caused damage in some cases. At low shear rates, in-situ-gelled acid formed a gel inside the core as indicated by the cyclic behavior noted in the pressure drop across the core, and the acid changed direction inside the core several times. However, this gel reduced the core permeability significantly. At high shear rates, a smaller amount of gel was formed inside the core, and the acid's ability to change its direction inside the core was less than that noted at low shear rate. A significant permeability enhancement was achieved. The wormhole length increased as the shear rate was increased, while the diameter of the wormhole increased as the cumulative injected volume of acid increased. CT scan indicated the presence of gel residue inside and around the wormhole. Gel residue increased at low shear rates. Material balance performed on the crosslinker indicated that a significant amount of the crosslinker was retained in the core. This amount increased at low shear rates.
The relationship between test anxiety and learned helplessness
Authors: Akca Figen
Published: February 2011

The purpose in this study was to investigate the relationship between the test anxiety and learned helplessness levels of students preparing for the Turkish High Schools Placement Test (HSPT) and University Entrance Examination (UEE). The study was conducted with the participation of
708 students from Aksaray Province in Turkey, of whom 319 were preparing for HSPT and 389 were preparing for UEE. The Learned Helplessness Scale (Aydın, 1985; Seligman et al., 1984) and the Test Anxiety Scale (Baltaş, 1993) were used to collect data. Although HSPT students scored
higher than UEE students for levels of anxiety and learned helplessness, there was no significant difference between level of test anxiety and learned helplessness (r = 0.048).
The effects of regulatory focus and bundle-pricing framing on consumers' perceptions of loss
Authors: Lin Chien-Huang , Huang Chi-Wen
Published: February 2011

Regulatory focus theory identifies 2 kinds of orientation: a promotion-focused system in which the emphasis is on getting maximum gains; and a prevention-focused system in which the emphasis is on decreasing loss. These different orientations elicit different responses when bundle-pricing
framing is encountered. This study was an investigation of the relationship between regulatory focus and bundle-pricing framing for different need levels. The results indicate that regulatory focus leads to differences in perceived loss for different bundle-pricing framing scenarios, particularly
when the user needs only 1 product in the bundle. Thus, firms that use this strategy must determine whether or not bundle-price framing is suitable for regulatory focus at different need levels.
Children who work in the street in Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Yilmaz Hatice Bal , Dülgerler Şeyda
Published: February 2011

Using Izmir, Turkey as a case study the risk factors leading children to work in the streets were identified. Participants in the study were 226 children working in the streets, average age 10.35±2.21 who worked 6.8±2.11 hours per day. The great majority of the children
were boys (90.2%), 77.9% were of primary school age; two-thirds of the children were working to provide an economic contribution to the family; 86.6% were from a large family; 78.8% were from a family that migrated to a big city. Almost all did not find working in the street safe; and nearly
half were not hopeful about the future. It was established that frequent problems in the children's families include poverty, unemployment, poor education, having a large family, poor family functioning, migration, limited possibilities of shelter, and domestic violence, including the beating
of wives and children. Although nearly all the children still lived with their families, a small percentage of the children (5.8%) had begun living permanently on the streets and then cut ties with their families. A significant relationship was found between living on the streets and the age
of the child, the father's education, and the father's use of alcohol.
Culture and self-deception: A theoretical perspective
Authors: Triandis Harry C.
Published: February 2011

The distribution of self-deceptions among individuals and cultures around the world is an important topic for future study. In this paper definitions of cultural variations and self-deceptions are presented and the links among these constructs are examined.
Using the technology acceptance model to analyze ease of use of a mobile communication system
Authors: Tsai Chih-Yung , Wang Chih-Chiang , Lu Ming-Te
Published: February 2011

The usability of mobile technology has been found to affect the attitudes of users and their willingness to use it, and furthermore to influence the effectiveness of communication. Accordingly, when mobile technology is developed as a communication medium, the product should be designed
to be easy to operate and fit into users' everyday lives. This would mean that more people would be willing to adopt the technology, resulting in more effective communication.
The effects of online reviews on purchasing intention: The moderating role of need for cognition
Authors: Lin Chin-Lung , Lee Sheng-Hsien , Horng Der-Juinn
Published: February 2011

The Internet has provided a competitive platform for online marketing, and online shopping has become an important part of daily life for consumers who view online reviews as an effective channel of acquiring product information before making purchase decisions. Based on the elaboration
likelihood model (ELM; Petty & Cacioppo, 1981, 1986), in the present study the effects of online reviews on purchasing intention are explored using need for cognition as a moderator. Findings that emerge from the results are: Firstly, when online reviews are high quality this has a positive
effect on the purchasing intention of online shoppers. Secondly, when there are a high number of online reviews this positively affects the purchasing intention of online shoppers. Finally, shoppers with a high need for cognition take the central route in attitude change, but shoppers with
a low need for cognition tend to adopt the peripheral route in forming attitude. Marketing implications are suggested.
The effects of social support on revisiting intention of people from minority groups
Authors: Ting Chih-Wen , Chen Miao-Sheng , Huang Fang-Chi
Published: February 2011

We explored the impact of social support on revisiting intention of people who were from minority groups, an issue that has largely been ignored in the existing literature. Our sample included 417 people with physical disabilities, or with a low income, foreign brides, or people who
were widowed. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results indicated there was a significant negative effect of leisure constraints on revisiting intention for those without social support. Thus, social support mitigates the influence of leisure constraints on
revisiting intention.
Common fixed point under contractive condition of Ciric's type in cone metric spaces
Authors: Samet Bessem
Published: February 2011

A common fixed point theorem is established for a pair of self-mappings of a
complete cone metric space. The obtained result is an extension of Ljubomir
Ciric?s theorem [Lj. Ciric: On common fixed points in uniform spaces, Publ.
Inst. Math. 24 (38) (1978), 39[43].
On a binomial coefficient and a product of prime numbers
Authors: Alzer Horst , Sandor Jozsef
Published: February 2011

Let Pn be the n-th prime number. We prove the following double-inequality.
For all integers k?5 we have exp[k(c0?loglogk)]? k2 k/p1?p2?...?pk ? exp[k(c1?loglogk)] with the best possible constants c0 = 1/5
log23 + loglog5=1:10298? and c1 = 1/192log(36864/192)+loglog 192?1/192log(p1?p2???p192)=2.04287... This reffines a result
published by Gupta and Khare in 1977.
Possibilities and restrictions of the implementation of mediation in domestic violence cases
Authors: Despotovic-Stanarevic Vera , Dzamonja-Ignjatovic Tamara
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a model of the implementation of mediation in cases where
a power disbalance between partners exists. The model includes relevant
theoretical concepts which are important for understanding of violence
phenomenon in the family, and the contemporary approaches to the work on
balancing unequal power in relationships. In creating the model of family
mediation in cases including violence, some basic concepts of mediation
procedures are modified or adjusted (neutrality, confidentiality), as well as
the concept of circular causality and complementary relationships from a
systemic perspective. Implementation of interdisciplinary approach is
proposed for efficient work on balancing the power in relations and using
various working domains. The confession of violent behavior and the
acceptance of personal responsibility by the offender, and the readiness of
both sides to take part in restoration of a relationship are basic principles
of restorative justice that is fundamental for victim- offender mediation.
Therefore, those conditions are also necessary for a family mediation in
cases including elements of violence, if the security for the victim is
provided and guaranteed.
Regulation vs. reality in Serbia: Gender equality, economy and state
Authors: Djuric-Kuzmanovic Tatjana
Published: February 2011

When the Law on Equality between Sexes (2009) and the National Strategy for
Improving the Position of Women and Advancing Gender Equality (2009) were
adopted, after a several years of obstruction of proceedings, in Serbia
normative prerequisites for the implementation of the gender equality policy
and for prevention and sanctioning of all kinds of gender based
discrimination were created. In this paper, the author discusses the expected
effect of the implementation of the Law on Equality between sexes. In
addition, the key argument which restricts its implementation and potential
positive effects is explained. The context of the dominate patriarchy and the
prevailing human nondevelopment in Serbia does not stimulate neither women
nor men, as development actors (manager, worker, trade union, state), to act
in the direction to change gender regime and to take responsibility for
development of the economy and society.
Victims of crime, with special emphasis on victims of work abuse and domestic violence: Analysis of the service VDS info and victim support for 2009
Authors: Radakovic Danica
Published: February 2011

The aim of this paper is to present the work of the VDS info and victim
support service for the period January 1st 2009 - December 31st 2009. It
contains the data about victims, type and quality of assistance and support
provided by the Service, and also about institutions and organizations the
victims contacted before or after contacting the Service and their
satisfaction with the help they received.
Auditors’ Overconfidence in Predicting the Technical Knowledge of Superiors and Subordinates
Authors: Han Jun , Jamal Karim , Tan Hun-Tong
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY: Prior research in auditing indicates that superiors are overconfident in predicting the technical knowledge of individual subordinates. We extend this literature by examining overconfidence effects when a subordinate makes a prediction about a superior’s technical knowledge, and showing that the specific nature of the effects of task difficulty on overconfidence is contingent on the hierarchical rank of the predictor auditor relative to the target auditor. We investigate overconfidence effects when the target is an individual and extend it to the situation when the target is a group. We conducted an experiment using teams comprising audit seniors and managers. We find that audit managers’ (seniors’) overconfidence in audit seniors’ (managers’) technical knowledge is larger (smaller) for a more difficult task than for a less difficult task, for both individual and group predictions.
Characteristics of Relatively High-Performance Auditors
Authors: McKnight Constance A. , Wright William F.
Published: February 2011

SUMMARY: In this study, we use directly reported CPA firm performance evaluations and hypothesize that higher-performing auditors will perceive that technical knowledge and ability, client interaction skills, and professional attitudes/behaviors are more relevant (H1), will be more inclined to extend standard audit procedures (H2), and will have a more proactive, involved internal locus of control (H3). Fifty-six auditors participated, including the ranks of staff auditor, senior, and manager. Consistent with our hypothesis, higher-performing auditors emphasized the importance of the three dimensions of the work of an auditor; lower-performing auditors did not. Higher-performing auditors were more inclined to extend standardized audit procedures. Finally, auditors who are more proactive regarding the performance of audit judgment tasks and decisions, i.e., they have more of an internal versus external locus of control, were associated with higher levels of job performance.
Natural conditions for the reconstruction of fish ponds and possibilities of their use in ecotourism
Authors: Prajs Bożena , Rogalski Maciej , Sotek Zofia , Stasińska Małgorzata
Published: February 2011

Natural conditions for the reconstruction of fish ponds and possibilities of their use in ecotourism

The paper comprises an analysis of the environmental impact of restoring small water retention in the Świergotka River. Hampering water flow due to river damming by 0.5 m and reconstruction of ponds will have a favourable effect on the valley's nature but may result in excessive water eutrophication in case of using these reservoirs for fish-farming.
The effect of plant cover on the mechanical composition of eroded soil
Authors: Baryła Anna , Hejduk Leszek
Published: February 2011

The effect of plant cover on the mechanical composition of eroded soil

Water erosion causes migration of the finest soil particles and chemical compounds. The paper attempts to compare the mechanical composition of sediments susceptible to water erosion on the hillslopes with different cover crops. The research was conducted on the experimental plots in Puczniew. Its results showed that the composition of the sediment washed out from the fallow land significantly differed from that washed out from the plots with grass and barley crops. In the case of fallow land, soil particles were markedly larger. This might indicate the existence of a very hard mineral fraction.
Impact of livelihood practices on the char dwellers economic condition in riverine chars: Case studies in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Rahman Md Munsur
Published: February 2011

The present study tries to identify the livelihood practices of the char dwellers. It also focus to assess their economic condition in relation to livelihood practices. The research has been conducted through interdisciplinary approach. Different socio technical tools are used to analyze the problem. Local people’s participation in the research process has ensured by using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools. The total population is 969 among them 478 are male and 481 are female and about 215 households live in the Char Konabari of which about 60 percent people are engaged in handloom activities as labor as their main source of livelihood. Agriculture is the second highest and about 20 percent people are engaged in such practice; about four percent people are engaged in small business (broker, small retailer) and rests others are engaged in day labor activities and others like van driver etc. The total numbers of employed people of Char Konabari is 267. Out of them only 54 people engaged with farming activities and others are involved with non-farming activities. One-fourth of the total employed person earned the two-third of the total yearly income of the village and remaining four-fifth employed person earned only one-third of the total yearly income. On the other hand about 586 households live in Dakhin Boro-char of which about 60% and 30% people are agricultural farmer and fishermen. On-farm activities are dominant in Dakhin Boro-char. Most of the farmers have their own land as well as they also cultivate khas (public) land. The rest of the people are engaged in day labor activities, petty business and others (boatsmen). Cultivated land, Domestic animal, grazing land and wet land are the major natural resources of Dakhin Boro-char. The total numbers of employed people of Dakhin Boro-char are 598 and most of them are engaged in agricultural and fisheries activities. The per capita income of the Char Konabari and Dakhin Boro-char is about US$0.54 and US$0.87 respectively. Although women are involved in livestock rearing, their contribution did not recognized socially and economically. Keywords: Livelihood; Resource; Char dwellers; Char Stability; Interdisciplinary.DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6838Journal of Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers Vol.1(1) 2011 pp.15-30
Plagiarism at a glance: a case study of University of the Punjab
Authors: Piracha Haseeb Ahmad
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this writing is to guide and facilitate the students, faculty members as well as professionals of University of the Punjab to identify ways and means to prevent plagiarism among academic writing and to develop an awareness of ethical writing. In addition this article will highlight the efforts being carried out by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan combined with the University of the Punjab in order to curtail plagiarized and questionable writing in academic research.DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6842Journal of Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers Vol.1(1) 2011 pp.127-132
Essentials of Cataloging and Classifications by Dr. KM Saiful Islam
Authors: Shahid Mohammad Sawad Bin
Published: February 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6951Journal of Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers Vol.1(1) 2011 pp.133-134
A History of Bangladesh by Willem Van Schendel
Authors: Murshed Mustafa
Published: February 2011

DOI: 10.3329/jbayr.v1i1.6952Journal of Bangladesh Association of Young Researchers Vol.1(1) 2011 pp.135
Effects of Rutin and Hesperidin and Their Al(III) and Cu(II) Complexes on in Vitro Plasma Coagulation Assays
Authors: Kuntić Vesna , Filipović Ivana , Vujić Zorica
Published: February 2011

Two flavonoids, rutin and hesperidin, were investigated in vitro for anticoagulant activity through coagulation tests: activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT). Only an ethanolic solution of rutin at the concentration of 830 µM prolonged aPTT, while TT and PT were unaffected. In order to evaluate whether the prolongation of aPTT was due to the decrease of coagulation factors, the experiment with deficient plasma was performed, showing the effects on factors VIII and IX. Since pharmacological activity of flavonoids is believed to increase when they are coordinated with metal ions, complexes of these flavonoids with Al(III) and Cu(II) ions were also tested. The results showed that complexes significantly prolonged aPTT and had no effects on PT and TT. Assay with deficient plasma (plasma having the investigated factor at less then 1%) revealed that complexes could bind to the coagulation factors, what may lead to a non-specific inhibition and aPTT prolongation. An effort was made to correlate stability of complexes with their anticoagulant properties.
New Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) Phthalocyanine Zinc-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bel-7402 Cells by Triggering Apoptosis and Arresting Cell Cycle
Authors: Xia Chunhui , Wang Yu , Chen Wei , Yu Wenxue , Wang Baiqi , Li Tao
Published: February 2011

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising antitumor treatment. Phthalocyanine-mediated PDT has shown antitumor activity in some tumor cells, but the effect of new hydrophilic/lipophilic tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy)phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn)-mediated PDT (TαPcZn-PDT) on human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells and underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. In the present study, therefore, the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum and cellular localization of TαPcZn, and effect of TαPcZn-PDT on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, Bcl-2 and Fas in Bel-7402 cells were investigated by spectrophotometry, inverted microscope, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, electron microscopy, annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide double staining, DNA content and immunoblot assay, respectively. We found that an intense absorption in UV-vis absorption spectrum of TαPcZn was in the red visible region at 650–680 nm, where light penetration in tissue is efficient, that green TαPcZn localized to both plasma membrane and nuclear membrane of Bel-7402 cells, signifying that there was a selective uptake of TαPcZn in Bel-7402 cells and TαPcZn-PDT would be expected to directly damage DNA, and that TαPcZn-PDT significantly resulted in the proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, S cell cycle arrest, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Fas. Taken together, we conclude that TαPcZn-PDT inhibits the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells by triggering apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle.
Optical Microcavity: Sensing down to Single Molecules and Atoms
Authors: Yoshie Tomoyuki , Tang Lingling , Su Shu-Yu
Published: February 2011

This review article discusses fundamentals of dielectric, low-loss, optical micro-resonator sensing, including figures of merit and a variety of microcavity designs, and future perspectives in microcavity-based optical sensing. Resonance frequency and quality (Q) factor are altered as a means of detecting a small system perturbation, resulting in realization of optical sensing of a small amount of sample materials, down to even single molecules. Sensitivity, Q factor, minimum detectable index change, noises (in sensor system components and microcavity system including environments), microcavity size, and mode volume are essential parameters to be considered for optical sensing applications. Whispering gallery mode, photonic crystal, and slot-type microcavities typically provide compact, high-quality optical resonance modes for optical sensing applications. Surface Bloch modes induced on photonic crystals are shown to be a promising candidate thanks to large field overlap with a sample and ultra-high-Q resonances. Quantum optics effects based on microcavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) would provide novel single-photo-level detection of even single atoms and molecules via detection of doublet vacuum Rabi splitting peaks in strong coupling.
Croissance urbaine et urbanisme dans une « ville moyenne » : le cas de Fougères
Authors: Allain R
Published: February 2011

ZUSAMMENFASS UNG

Man muss den Anfang der 70er Jahre warten, um in der Stadt Fougères an der Städtebauplanung ein gründlicheres Interesse zu haben. Bisher waren die städtebaulichen Massnahmen von den Wohnungsproblemen beherrscht. In den letzten Jahren, wird die Rehabilitation des Zentrums in den Vordergrund gestellt. Diese Entwicklung, die auch in vielen französischen Städten zu bemerken ist, hat aber hier etwas Besonderes : dies ist sowohl auf die Lage der Stadt, die dort schon lange dauernde Industriekrise als auch auf die eigentümlichen Aspekte des Zentrums zurüickzuführen.
Dynamique des polynies du secteur des îles Belcher, Baie d'Hudson. Canada
Authors: Héquette Arnaud
Published: February 2011

RESUME

A partir d'une étude du couvert de glace marine de la région des îles Belcher réalisée par le biais de la télédétection, l'auteur examine les différents facteurs susceptibles d'agir sur la dynamique des polynies.
Problèmes d'énergie en Limousin
Authors: Lacotte R.
Published: February 2011

FRE : Limousin!Energie!Systèmes énergétiques régionaux!
Villeneuve-des-Salines, l'émergence d'un quartier rochelais
Authors: Chesnel Marc
Published: February 2011

Une étude commandée dans le cadre de la convention signée entre la commune de La Rochelle, l'Etat et la Région pour le développement social des quartiers a permis de réfléchir à la naissance et à la réalisation progressive d'un nouveau quartier et à la façon dont ses habitants y vivent : la présente chronique n'est qu'une présentation d'un travail approfondi ; les auteurs sont conreients qu'elle pèche par sa brièveté. Elle montre cependant que cette Z.U.P. mal commencée n'est que le point de départ d'un quartier qui la déborde, finalement mieux réalisé qu'il aurait pu l'être, grâce à l'initiative locale exercée à différents niveaux.
Les incertitudes d'une politique de santé pour la Bretagne. A propos de publications récentes sur la mortalité
Authors: Lariviere Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2011

fre : Bretagne, mortalité, espérance de vie à la naissance
Les marais de Bourgneuf et des Moutiers-en-Retz (Loire-Atlantique). L'évolution d'une zone humide littorale
Authors: Clément Olivier
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

L'histoire de cette zone de quelque 2 300 ha d'anciens marais salants de la côte atlantique française est tout d'abord rappelée. Elle permet d'éclairer un exposé sur les structures, la gestion hydraulique et l'évolution des usages (saliculture, agriculture, aquaculture, chasse). L'avenir incertain de ces marais d'eau douce et d'eau saumâtre est ensuite considéré dans une perspective qui tient compte des contraintes propres à ces « zones humides ».
Les exploitations ostréicoles dans la baie de Bourgneuf
Authors: Van Tilbeurgh V.
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Just after the second world war, one could see the ostreiculture activity expanding in Bourgneuf bay not in a regular way : recession times following expansion ones. In the mean time most of them have survived. Analysing the ways, the exploitations have, to keep on living, one can find a certain type of structures which have guaranteed today and in the past, its perennity. But, beyond the individual exploitation, when one analyses the professional team strategies it is possible to get a logical view of the structures.
Semer du poisson comme on sème du grain... L'aquiculture scientifique et pratique, une histoire vieille d'un siècle...
Authors: Delbos Geneviève
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

It is now nearly 150 years since « scientific and practical aquiculture » was launched as « the most ambitious undertaking of the present century in the domaine of living nature ». Domestication of the gens natans could at last be undertaken. Rational cultivation of the sea would allow to create sea-farms otherwise called piscifactures. These would constitute as many « food substance plants » allowing to feed once again a sea supposedly depleted by an obnoxioux fishing industry. Here they were, the nursery ponds, the hutcheries, the pools, who would permit new and lucrative industries to develop, and would regenerate, revivify traditional activities such as fishing and shell-breeding through the artificial multiplication of fish.

These concerns of the past are ignored in the current presentation of marine aquaculture, the modern and innovatory pioneering adventure of a finishing 20th century. Going back to these concerns allow however to understand better some aspects of contemporary aquaculture which we like to call novel. Indeed it appears in retrospect rather like a second edition — resorting of course to improved intellectual means — of programs originally formulated and implemented in the last century. The two competing models of development in aquaculture especially, which we are still trying to promote today, were already there, debated and implemented under the terms which we have in fact directly inherited.
Les modifications physiques de l'estuaire de la Loire et leurs conséquences socio-économiques
Authors: Ottmann François
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

The author describes the natural evolution down stream of portuaries establishments, and the main problems in the Loire estuary : the stream up desplacement of the mud plug and salinity trends ; fresh water distribution and wastes épuration from Nantes City ; dredging and filling up and social-economics implications.
Émergence de l'aquaculture nouvelle dans les Pays de la Loire
Authors: De Lamare Jean-Max , Juglard Armelle
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

The Pays de Loire area, especially since the Second World War, has developped a traditional activity in oyster and mussel farming.

Between 1978 and 1986, two experimental aquaculture stations (Noirmoutier and Bouin) were built to experiment new aquaculture in sea-water marshes : fish and crustaceans in Noirmoutier, shellfish in Bouin.

At the same time, new structures were created by the national and local governments to help aquaculture development (Délégation Régionale à l'Aquaculture, Syndicat Mixte pour le Développement de l'Aquaculture en Pays de la Loire).

Clam, shrimp and more recently, sea-trout experimental cultures have already given successful technical results. Some private marsh-owners have made experiments and a few farms have even been created.

Nowadays, more and more people seem to be attracted by fish-farming but problems initiated by land distribution between traditional and new aquaculture to be inserted in a special socio-economical context remain to be solved, even if space and yield optimization is not yet reached.

Consequently, it is necessary that men in charge of local management become involved in bringing local aquaculture to a successful conclusion.
Nouvelle dynamique d'une population insulaire (l'exemple de l'île d'Ouessant)
Authors: Péron Françoise
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACT

Today, the island's population is undergoing a complete change. Thenceforth, when studying reasons for departures from the island, one needs to consider the whole of the island's fluctuating population. In order to fully appreciate the extent of this composite and changing community totally ignored by statistics it was first of all necessary to find a specific means of analysis.

The research conducted during the summer of 1986 complies with these demands. Based upon one's ties with the island, each house has been enregistered and various questionnaires have been completed in collaboration with these families, in order to enlist all visitors during the past year.

The study of these questionnaires will illustrate the attirance the island has for visitors and define the way people integrate into a community, offering a complete picture of a society in relation to its contacts with the outside world.

This global approach of the island community leads to the outline for a method of studying mass movement as well as a definition of the insular phenomenon in its contemporary expression.
Littoral vendéen : accueil et vieillissement
Authors: Pichaud Clément
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

Les personnes âgées sont très nombreuses sur le littoral de Vendée. L'afflux touristique de l'été leur pose bien des problèmes, tout comme l'isolement de l'hiver. Les retraités de l'agriculture venant habiter en ville, leur maison ne sert plus et leurs terres sont de plus en plus en friches. Les communes côtières ont beaucoup de problèmes pour faire face à ce vieillissement, comme à la diminution du nombre des jeunes.
Impacts des aménagements sur l'évolution du littoral de Wexford, sud-est de l'Irlande
Authors: Ruz Marie-Hélène
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

Le littoral du comté de Wexford, dans le sud-est de l'Irlande, comporte deux flèches sableuses, la pointe de Raven et la pointe Rosslare, qui encadrent l'embouchure de la rivière Slaney : Wexford Harbour. Les flèches littorales sont alimentées par l'érosion de falaises taillées dans des dépôts glaciaires. La poldérisation des marais maritimes développés dans la lagune a nécessité la construction d'un nouveau port, Wexford Harbour, tendant à s'envaser. Des travaux portuaires à Rosslare Harbour ont entraîné une inversion complète de tendance au sein de ce système morphogénique côtier. Le blocage de la dérive littorale par la digue construite à Rosslare Harbour a provoqué une érosion du littoral adjacent, le démantèlement de la flèche de Rosslare et l'ouverture de la lagune aux influences marines. Des travaux, visant à la protection de la plage de Rosslare, se sont avérés inefficaces et même nuisibles puisqu'ils ont exacerbé la tendance érosive et dégradé le milieu naturel.
Quelques réflexions sur la conception japonaise de l'aménagement des pêches
Authors: Bailly Denis
Published: February 2011

RÉSUMÉ

Débattre d'aménagement et de sociétés littorales implique nécessairement de parler de pêche cotière et de cultures marines. Face aux limites et contraintes économiques, sociales et biologiques révélées et/ou imposées aux pêcheries par les conditions propres de leur développement ou par le développement industriel, touristique, urbain, ..., la nécessité de leur aménagement se fait de plus en plus fortement sentir.

Le débat sur la nature à la fois liée et contradictoire de l'aménagement des pêches et du caractère public des ressources et de l'espace maritime côtier n'a occupé que très peu de place dans l'histoire des pêches japonaises. Au moment où, en France, ce débat semble laisser place à la discussion des modalités de la gestion et de l'aménagement des pêcheries, il est intéressant de jeter un regard sur les conceptions qui prévalent dans l'aménagement des pêches au Japon.

En présentant les principaux volets et leur évolution historique on examinera en quoi une conception qui met au centre de ses préoccupations les aspects économiques et sociaux diffère dans ses implications d'une conception qui assigne une fonction d'aménagement à l'objectif de préservation de la ressource. Il en résulte une histoire, des pratiques, une hiérarchisation des objectifs et des choix, qui sont uniques au monde et dont nous avons peut-être des leçons à tirer.