bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Community Engagement to Inform a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Wycoff Kirby L. , Coleman Jabina G. , Santoro Christine M. , Zullig Leah L. , Darden Niesha , Holland Porsche M. , Cruice Jane F. , Mitchell Shukriyyah , Smith Michelle , McNeil Saleemah J. , Herring Sharon J.
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVE:

To explore how patients, community-based perinatal support professionals, and health system clinicians and staff perceived facilitators and barriers to implementation of a randomized clinical trial (RCT) designed to optimize Black maternal heart health.

METHODS:

This article describes the formative work that we believed needed to occur before the start of the Change of H.E.A.R.T (Here for Equity, Advocacy, Reflection and Transformation) RCT. We used a qualitative, descriptive design and community-based, participatory approach, the latter of which allowed our team to intentionally focus on avoiding harm and equalizing power dynamics throughout the research process. Data were collected between November 2021 and January 2022 through six semistructured focus groups that included attending physicians and midwives (n=7), residents (n=4), nurses (n=6), support staff (n=7), community-based perinatal support professionals (n=6), and patients (n=8).

RESULTS:

Four primary themes emerged. The first three themes were present across all groups and included: 1) Trauma in the Community and Health System, 2) Lack of Trust, and 3) Desire to Be Heard and Valued. The fourth theme, Hope and Enthusiasm, was expressed predominantly by patients, community-based perinatal support professionals, residents, and support staff, and less so by the attending physician group.

CONCLUSION:

Participants articulated a number of key sentiments regarding facilitators and barriers to implementing Change of H.E.A.R.T. We noted variability in perceptions from different groups. This has important implications for health equity efforts in similarly underresourced health systems where Black birthing people experience the greatest morbidity and mortality.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05499507.
Prospective Assessment of Loteprednol Etabonate 0.25% for Prevention of Immunologic Rejection After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Eyes With Fuchs Dystrophy
Authors: Price Marianne O. , Feng Matthew T. , Gang Anjulie , Price Francis W.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to assess off-label use of loteprednol etabonate 0.25% ophthalmic suspension for prevention of immunologic rejection after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:

This prospective, open-label study enrolled 70 eyes of 70 participants without preexisting glaucoma 1 month after DMEK. Participants used topical loteprednol 0.25% 4 times daily for 2 months, tapered by 1 drop/month to once daily use, and continued use through 1 year after DMEK. Main outcomes were rate of intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (defined as a relative increase of ≥10 mm Hg over the pretransplant IOP) and rate of initial allograft rejection episodes. The results were compared with historical data using the log-rank test.

Results:

All participants had Fuchs dystrophy, and 40 of 70 (57%) were female. None (0%) experienced an immunologic graft rejection episode, matching the previously reported efficacy of prednisolone acetate 1% suspension and loteprednol 0.5% gel (both 0% incidence). One study eye developed IOP elevation 3 months after DMEK (cumulative risk 1.5%). Compared with historical data, this was similar to the risk with loteprednol 0.5% gel (4%, P = 0.36) and significantly lower than the risk with prednisolone 1% suspension (18%, P = 0.0025). Two participants (3%) complained of instillation site discomfort, consistent with the 5% rate reported on package labeling.

Conclusions:

Loteprednol 0.25% suspension, approved for short-term treatment of dry eyes, effectively prevented immunologic rejection episodes with minimal risk of IOP elevation when used from 1 month until 12 months after DMEK in patients without preexisting glaucoma.
The Complexity of Being a Parent in the Hospital and a Patient at Home
Authors: Romare Strandh Maria , Hovén Emma , Sörensdotter Renita , Stålberg Karin , Enebrink Pia , Ljungman Lisa , Wikman Anna
Published: September 2023

Background

Parents given a diagnosis of cancer must balance the demands of their illness and caregiving responsibilities. This can result in parental stress and have a negative impact on the well-being of the whole family. A greater understanding of the experiences of parents with cancer is necessary to provide adequate support.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore parenting concerns and challenges among parents with cancer who were caring for dependent children younger than 18 years.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were carried out with 22 parents with cancer. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Parental concerns and challenges affected parents in their parental role and their everyday family life. Three overarching themes described the struggles in balancing life as a parent and as a patient: navigating dual roles as a parent with cancer, impact of cancer on parenting, and impact on family life. Parents’ primary focus was on their children’s well-being, and they struggled to manage their own expectations of parenting and the demands on their role in the family.

Conclusion

The results highlight the complexity of being a parent with cancer while caring for dependent children. To support parents during the cancer journey, it is important to understand the consequences of their illness on their parental role and the family.

Implications for Practice

Supporting parents to feel secure in their parental role and providing support to them during their cancer journey should be integrated into routine cancer care, where parenting concerns and challenges are addressed.
Three-Phase Video-Assisted Multidisciplinary Team Debriefing in High-Fidelity Blast Simulation through the Advocacy and Inquiry Method
Authors: Gasteratos Konstantinos , Daniels Bethany , Gebhart Sarah-Jane , Patterson Nautyca , Tarrant Madilyn J. , Goverman Jeremy , Rakhorst Hinne , van der Hulst René Remmelt Willie Johan
Published: September 2023

Background:

Video-assisted debriefing (VAD) combined with the advocacy and inquiry (A&I) technique is a tool that allows video playback of selected segments of a simulation, thereby helping the debriefers structure the session. However, no consensus exists on how to optimally perform a team debriefing. The authors demonstrate and describe the methodology of A&I debriefing in an instructional simulated blast scenario and assess the impact of VAD on residents’ technical and nontechnical skills.

Methods:

After institutional review board approval, the authors performed a study with 50 residents who were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Group 1 (control, or no VAD; n = 25) consisted of residents who received oral debriefing by 1 independent faculty member without the recorded video of the simulation. Group 2 (intervention, or VAD; n = 25) consisted of residents who received VAD from the second independent faculty member. These residents repeated the same simulation scenario 1 week after their debrief. Every resident was assessed on the primary and secondary survey, as well as the nontechnical skills, based on the integrated skills score.

Results:

The VAD group presented significantly higher values for the integrated skills score (P < 0.001) compared with the no-VAD group.

Conclusions:

This demonstration of 3-phase VAD emphasizes important aspects of coherent simulation-based training: psychologic safety, A&I, reflection, cognitive frames, prebrief, main debrief, summary, and translation of new discoveries to real-life patient care. The unique audiovisual aspect of the VAD enhanced residents’ performance in simulation.
ACE2-Coated Virus-Like Particles Effectively Block SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Bayraktar Canan , Kayabolen Alisan , Odabas Arda , Durgun Ayşegul , Kok İpek , Sevinç Kenan , Supramaniam Aroon , Idris Adi , Bagci-Onder Tugba
Published: September 2023

A large body of research accumulated over the past three years dedicated to our understanding and fighting COVID-19. Blocking the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2 receptor has been considered an effective strategy as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics. In this study, we developed ACE2-coated virus-like particles (ACE2-VLPs), which can be utilized to prevent viral entry into host cells and efficiently neutralize the virus. These ACE2-VLPs exhibited high neutralization capacity even when applied at low doses, and displayed superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles carrying ACE2, in the in vitro pseudoviral assays. ACE2-VLPs were stable under different environmental temperatures, and they were effective in blocking all tested variants of concern in vitro. Finally, ACE2-VLPs displayed marked neutralization capacity against Omicron BA.1 in the Vero E6 cells. Based on their superior efficacy compared to extracellular vesicles, and their demonstrated success against live virus, ACE2-VLPs can be considered as vital candidates for treating SARS-CoV-2. This novel therapeutic approach of VLP coating with receptor particles can serve as proof-of-concept for designing effective neutralization strategies for other viral diseases in the future.

Graphical Abstract

In our study, we demonstrate the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the use of Ace2-coated VLPs.
G4-Ligand Conjugated Oligonucleotides Mediate Selective Binding and Stabilization of Individual G4 DNA Structures
Authors: Berner Andreas , Das Rabindra Nath , Bhuma Naresh , Golebiewska Justyna , Abrahamsson Alva , Andréasson Måns , Chaudhari Namrata , Doimo Mara , Bose Partha Pratim , Chand Karam , Strömberg Roger , Wanrooij Sjoerd , Chorell Erik
Published: September 2023

G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures are prevalent secondary DNA structures implicated in fundamental cellular functions such as replication and transcription. Furthermore, G4 structures are directly correlated to human diseases such as cancer and have been highlighted as promising therapeutic targets for their ability to regulate disease-causing genes, e.g., oncogenes. Small molecules that bind and stabilize these structures are thus valuable from a therapeutic perspective and helpful in studying the biological functions of G4 structures. However, there are hundreds of thousands of G4 DNA motifs in the human genome, and a longstanding problem in the field is how to achieve specificity amongst these different G4 structures. Here, we have developed a strategy to selectively target an individual G4 DNA structure. The strategy is based on a ligand that binds and stabilizes G4s without selectivity, conjugated to a guide oligonucleotide, that specifically directs the G4 Ligand conjugated Oligo (GL-O) to the single target G4 structure. By employing various biophysical and biochemical techniques, we show that the developed method enables the targeting of a unique, specific G4 structure without impacting other off-target G4 formations. Considering the vast amounts of G4s in the human genome, this represents a promising strategy to study the presence and functions of individual G4s but may also hold potential as a future therapeutic modality.
Distinct accessory roles ofArabidopsisVEL proteins in Polycomb silencing
Authors: Franco-Echevarría Elsa , Nielsen Mathias , Schulten Anna , Cheema Jitender , Morgan Tomos E. , Bienz Mariann , Dean Caroline
Published: September 2023

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) mediates epigenetic silencing of target genes in animals and plants. InArabidopsis, PRC2 is required for the cold-induced epigenetic silencing of theFLCfloral repressor locus to align flowering with spring. During this process, PRC2 relies on VEL accessory factors, including the constitutively expressed VRN5 and the cold-induced VIN3. The VEL proteins are physically associated with PRC2, but their individual functions remain unclear. Here, we show an intimate association between recombinant VRN5 and multiple components within a reconstituted PRC2, dependent on a compact conformation of VRN5 central domains. Key residues mediating this compact conformation are conserved among VRN5 orthologs across the plant kingdom. In contrast, VIN3 interacts with VAL1, a transcriptional repressor that binds directly toFLC. These associations differentially affect their role in H3K27me deposition: Both proteins are required for H3K27me3, but only VRN5 is necessary for H3K27me2. Although originally defined as vernalization regulators, VIN3 and VRN5 coassociate with many targets in theArabidopsisgenome that are modified with H3K27me3. Our work therefore reveals the distinct accessory roles for VEL proteins in conferring cold-induced silencing onFLC, with broad relevance for PRC2 targets generally.
Meta-generalized gradient approximation time-dependent density functional theory study of electron trapping in Hf- and Zr-doped lutetium oxide: influencing the oxygen vacancy
Authors: Shyichuk Andrii
Published: September 2023

This work analyzes the effects of a nearby Hf or Zr dopant on the electron density trapped at an oxygen vacancy site. The two metals are among the dopants used to achieve thermoluminescence and energy storage in phosphors based on cubic lutetium oxide (c-Lu2O3). The presence of oxygen vacancies is anticipated in those phosphors. If the dopant is located outside the immediate surroundings of the vacancy site, the resulting optical trap depth is similar to that of the isolated oxygen vacancies (1.6–1.7 eV versus 1.7 eV). If the dopant is one of the four metal cations surrounding the vacancy site, the corresponding trap depth is 2.0–2.1 eV. Using time-dependent density-functional theory calculations, it was found that the excitation of the vacancy-trapped electrons can take two forms: a local excited state at the vacancy site can be formed, or an electron transfer to Hf might occur. With charge compensation in mind, several structures with three defects were analyzed: the dopant cation, the vacancy and an interstitial oxygen (Hf/Zr plus a Frenkel pair). These last two systems with the dopant in a +4 oxidation state and a single electron trapped at the vacancy site correspond to zero total charge, while another electron can be trapped. The vacancy site is expected to trap the electron, not the dopant. The composite defects of the dopant and Frenkel pair are thus considered the most likely electron traps in cubic Lu2O3:Hf and cubic Lu2O3:Zr.
Simultaneous arm morphing quadcopter and autonomous flight system design
Authors: Kose Oguz , Oktay Tugrul , Özen Enes
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain values that stabilize the lateral and longitudinal flight of the quadrotor for which the morphing amount and the best Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) coefficients are determined by using the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) optimization algorithm.

Design/methodology/approach

Quadrotor consists of body and arms; there are propellers at the ends of the arms to take off and rotors that rotate them. By reducing the angle between mechanism 1 and the rotors with the horizontal plane, the angle between mechanism 2 and the arms, the rotors rise and different configurations are obtained. Conventional multi-rotor aircraft has a fixed fuselage and does not need a tail rotor to change course as helicopters do. The translational and rotational movements are provided by the rotation of the rotors of the aircraft at different speeds by creating moments about the geometric center in 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) space. These commands sent from the ground are provided by the flight control board in the aircraft. The longitudinal and lateral flight stability and properties of different configurations evaluated by dynamic analysis and simulations in 6 DOF spaces are investigated. An algorithm and PID controller are being developed using SPSA to achieve in-flight position and attitude control of an active deformable aircraft. The results are compared with the results of the literature review and the results of the previous article.

Findings

With SPSA, the best PID coefficients were obtained in case of morphing.

Research limitations/implications

The effects of quadrotor arm height and hub angle changes affect flight stability. With the SPSA optimization method presented in this study, the attitude is quickly stabilized.

Practical implications

With the optimization method, the most suitable PID coefficients and angle values for the lateral and longitudinal flight stability of the quadrotor are obtained.

Social implications

The transition rate and PID coefficients are determined by using the optimization method, which is advantageous in terms of cost and practicality.

Originality/value

With the proposed method, the aircraft can change shape to adapt to different environments, and the parameters required for more stable flight for each situation will be calculated, and this will be obtained more quickly and safely with the SPSA optimization method.
Case study of detection and monitoring of wildlife by UAVs equipped with RGB camera and TIR camera
Authors: Perz Rafal , Wronowski Kacper , Domanski Roman , Dąbrowski Igor
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Observation of the animal world is an important component of nature surveys. It provides a number of different information concerning aspects such as population sizes, migration directions, feeding sites and many other data. The paper below presents the results from the flights of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aimed at detecting animals in their natural environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The drone used in the research was equipped with RGB and thermal infrared (TIR) cameras. Both cameras, which were mounted on the UAV, were used to take pictures showing the concentration of animals (deer). The overview flights were carried out in the villages of Podlaskie Voivodeship: Szerokie Laki, Bialousy and Sloja. Research flights were made in Bialousy and Sloja. A concentration of deer was photographed during research flights in Sloja. A Durango unmanned platform, equipped with a thermal imaging camera and a Canon RGB camera, was used for research flights. The pictures taken during the flights were used to create orthomaps. A multicopter, equipped with a GoPro camera, was used for overview flights to film the flight locations. A flight control station was also used, consisting of a laptop with MissionPlanner software.

Findings

Analysis of the collected images has indicated that environmental, organisational and technical factors influence the quality of the information. Sophisticated observation precision is ensured by the use of high-resolution RGB and TIR cameras. A proper platform for the cameras is an UAV provided with advanced positioning systems, which makes it possible to create high-quality orthomaps of the area. When observing animals, the time of day (temperature contrast), year season (leaf ascent) or flight parameters is important.

Originality/value

The paper introduces the conclusions of the research flights, pointing out useful information for animal observation using UAVs.
Breaking the mold with effective communication: how social initiatives enhance a brand's social perception and catalyze pro-environmental and purchase intentions
Authors: Surira Mukul Dev , Zakkariya K.A. , Sajid Muhammed
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to fill the research gap by investigating the impact of brand social initiatives on both the warmth and competence dimensions of the brand, as well as examining the brand's potential to induce pro-environmental behavioral change among consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a scenario-based survey design and surveyed 415 consumers in India. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0.

Findings

The results show that social initiatives enhance both dimensions of social perception and increase cooperative intentions. Brand competence is more crucial than warmth in predicting behavioral intentions. Brand-cause fit, CSR commitment and initiatives' impact all influence the brand image. A brand's commitment to the cause is more significant than brand-cause fit in determining how consumers evaluate a brand.

Practical implications

This research provides insights into how social initiatives can enhance brand image and encourage helping intentions through effective communication traits. It can aid brands in building consumer trust, benefiting society and boosting finances. The study offers a framework for effective cause communication strategies, highlighting the importance of commitment to the cause over fitting with the brand's image to elicit desired responses.

Originality/value

This study is a novel attempt that uses the stereotype content model and costly signaling theory to explore how social initiatives influence a brand's warmth and competence and impact consumer behavior. It provides critical insights into the psychological mechanisms behind social initiatives' impact on consumer behavioral intentions.
Cognitions affecting innovation among generation Z entrepreneurs: the external enablement of digital infrastructure
Authors: Saeedikiya Mehrzad , Salamzadeh Aidin , Salamzadeh Yashar , Aeeni Zeynab
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The current research aimed to investigate the external enablement role of Digital Infrastructures (DI) in the interplay of entrepreneurial cognitions and innovation.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) were used for analyses. This yielded a sample of 8,601 Generation Z entrepreneurs operating in 25 European countries.

Findings

Applying hierarchical moderated regressions showed that socio-cognitive components of an entrepreneurial mindset (self-efficacy, risk propensity, opportunity identification) affect innovation among Generation Z entrepreneurs. More importantly, DI plays an external enablement role in the interplay of cognitions and innovation among Generation Z entrepreneurs.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the socio-cognitive theory of entrepreneurship by integrating an external enablement perspective into the study of cognitions and entrepreneurial outcomes (here, innovation). It contributes to the digital technology perspective of entrepreneurship by connecting the conversation about the socio-cognitive perspective of entrepreneurship regarding the role of cognitions in innovation to the conversation in information systems (IS) regarding technology affordances and constraints. This study extends the application of the external enabler framework to the post-entry stage of entrepreneurial activity and integrates a generational perspective into it.
ESG trade-off with risk and return in Chinese energy companies
Authors: Naseer Mirza Muhammad , Guo Yongsheng , Zhu Xiaoxian
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure, firm risk and stock market returns within the Chinese energy sector. Using a variety of econometric techniques, the study seeks to uncover the impact of ESG disclosure on risk mitigation and its influence on stock market performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Benchmark regression models were used to explore the associations between ESG disclosure, firm risk and stock returns. To address potential endogeneity, a generalised method of moments estimator is used. Quantile regression was used for robustness analysis.

Findings

The study reveals a negative relationship between ESG disclosure and firm risk, indicating that companies with greater ESG disclosure tend to experience reduced risk exposure. In addition, a positive association is observed between ESG disclosure and stock market returns, suggesting that companies with more comprehensive ESG disclosure practices tend to perform better in the stock market.

Research limitations/implications

This study implies that investors appreciate sustainable investment and incorporate ESG practices and disclosure in decision-making. Policymakers can promote transparent ESG reporting through regulatory frameworks, fostering sustainable practices in the energy sector.

Originality/value

Despite the mounting concerns over carbon dioxide emissions and the energy industry’s environmental footprint, this study pioneers a comprehensive analysis of ESG disclosure within this critical sector. Delving into the relationship of ESG practices, firm risk and market returns, this research uniquely examines both risk mitigation and return enhancement, shedding new light on sustainable strategies in the energy domain.
Bridging the gap: assessing disparities in e-Government service offerings and citizen demand
Authors: Patergiannaki Zoi , Pollalis Yannis A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the discrepancies between the services provided by municipalities through e-Government portals and the services sought by residents in the context of smart cities.

Design/methodology/approach

This research investigates the information and services delivered by municipalities via e-Government portals and the services that residents wish to access through these portals. A mind map representation of ideas from 707 participants is used to visually illustrate the proposed e-Government portal structure based on user recommendations.

Findings

The findings reveal that existing e-Government portals fall short in offering a comprehensive range of e-services desired by residents. The results highlight the need for municipal e-Government websites to grant residents access to a diverse array of services and information. It is crucial to note that the specific services may fluctuate over time and between cities, reflecting the evolving needs of residents and the capabilities of municipalities.

Originality/value

This study is original in its focus on bridging the gap between existing e-Government portals and residents’ preferences, using a mind map representation to visually illustrate the proposed portal structure based on user recommendations. The research emphasizes the importance of considering residents’ needs in terms of services and functionalities and adapting websites accordingly.
Characteristics of mild and severe apalutamide‐related cutaneous adverse events in patients with prostate cancer: A review of the literature
Authors: Katsuta Michie , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Hirafuku Keigo , Tashiro Kojiro , Kimura Takahiro , Asahina Akihiko
Published: September 2023

Apalutamide is an antiandrogen used to treat prostate cancer. Although it sometimes induces mild cutaneous adverse events and occasionally severe ones, clinical differences between severe and mild cases remain unclear. To assess the risks in patients experiencing apalutamide‐related cutaneous adverse events (ARCAEs), we aimed to characterize severe and mild ARCAEs in terms of onset time and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) for apalutamide. We reviewed 41 ARCAE cases: 24 from our institute and 17 from the literature, comprising (i) eight severe cases including six with toxic epidermal necrolysis, one with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and one with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and (ii) 33 mild cases. Patients with evere cases developed ARCAEs significantly earlier than patients with mild cases (5.2 vs 9.6 weeks). No severe cases appeared ≥8 weeks after initiation of apalutamide. LTTs showed positive results in two of seven mild cases (28.6%) and four of four severe cases (100.0%). In conclusion, we found that severe ARCAEs are characterized by earlier onset and LTT positivity. Dermatologists and urologists should pay special attention to patients who develop ARCAEs <8 weeks after initiating apalutamide and/or show positive LTT results.
Ultrasonic and homogenization: An overview of the preparation of an edible protein–polysaccharide complex emulsion
Authors: Qayum Abdul , Rashid Arif , Liang Qiufang , Wu Yue , Cheng Yu , Kang Lixin , Liu Yuxuan , Zhou Chengwei , Hussain Muhammad , Ren Xiaofeng , Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Ma Haile
Published: September 2023

Emulsion systems are extensively utilized in the food industry, including dairy products, such as ice cream and salad dressing, as well as meat products, beverages, sauces, and mayonnaise. Meanwhile, diverse advanced technologies have been developed for emulsion preparation. Compared with other techniques, high‐intensity ultrasound (HIUS) and high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) are two emerging emulsification methods that are cost‐effective, green, and environmentally friendly and have gained significant attention. HIUS‐induced acoustic cavitation helps in efficiently disrupting the oil droplets, which effectively produces a stable emulsion. HPH‐induced shear stress, turbulence, and cavitation lead to droplet disruption, altering protein structure and functional aspects of food. The key distinctions among emulsification devices are covered in this review, as are the mechanisms of the HIUS and HPH emulsification processes. Furthermore, the preparation of emulsions including natural polymers (e.g., proteins‐polysaccharides, and their complexes), has also been discussed in this review. Moreover, the review put forward to the future HIUS and HPH emulsification trends and challenges. HIUS and HPH can prepare much emulsifier‐stable food emulsions, (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides, and protein–polysaccharide complexes). Appropriate HIUS and HPH treatment can improve emulsions’ rheological and emulsifying properties and reduce the emulsions droplets’ size. HIUS and HPH are suitable methods for developing protein–polysaccharide forming stable emulsions. Despite the numerous studies conducted on ultrasonic and homogenization‐induced emulsifying properties available in recent literature, this review specifically focuses on summarizing the significant progress made in utilizing biopolymer‐based protein–polysaccharide complex particles, which can provide valuable insights for designing new, sustainable, clean‐label, and improved eco‐friendly colloidal systems for food emulsion.

Practical Application

Utilizing complex particle‐stabilized emulsions is a promising approach towards developing safer, healthier, and more sustainable food products that meet legal requirements and industrial standards. Moreover, the is an increasing need of concentrated emulsions stabilized by biopolymer complex particles, which have been increasingly recognized for their potential health benefits in protecting against lifestyle‐related diseases by the scientific community, industries, and consumers.
DNA‐bridged double gold nanoparticles‐based immunochromatography for dual‐mode detection of ochratoxin A
Authors: Qiu Youxin , Liu Zhaoying , Mao Yuhao , Teng Weipeng , Li Ming
Published: September 2023

A novel immunochromatography strip (ICS) based on the DNA‐bridged double gold nanoparticles was established and evaluated for the dual‐mode detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). For this purpose, the streptavidin was coupled with the big size of gold nanoparticle (40 nm, AuNP), the OTA monoclonal antibody and biotinylated DNA‐SH were simultaneously immobilized on the small size of AuNP (20 nm), and then the enhanced ICS was self‐assembled and evaluated. The dual‐mode detection of semi‐quantification and quantification had been achieved and performed by the proposed ICS. The LOD for semi‐quantification (semi‐Q‐LOD) was 0.06 ng/mL by the directly naked eye (eightfold enhanced than conventional ICS). By the on‐site reader, the LOD for quantification (Q‐LOD) was 0.03 ng/mL (threefold enhanced), with the detection range between 0.03 and 1.2 ng/mL. The specificity, reliability, and practicability had been well represented. Furthermore, the OTA‐positive results of the enhanced ICS method correlated well with those obtained by the referenced HPLC–MS/MS for the market samples. This study provided a new ICS pattern of semi‐quantification and quantification for OTA contamination, which could be used as a valuable reference for improving the ICS technology and enhancing the sensitivity.
Cartilage and bone loss in premenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis: Radiological and laboratory assessments
Authors: Elsawy Noha A. , Ghazala Rasha A. , Elnemr Rehab
Published: September 2023

Introduction

To investigate the radiological and laboratory features of bone and cartilage losses in premenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

This case–control study is the continuation of a study that was conducted on 48 women with RA and 48 matched healthy volunteers. All RA patients were previously subjected to clinical examination, disease activity assessment using the 28‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), serological tests, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measuring bone mineral density (BMD), and plain X‐ray of both hands. Added to these, matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

There were statistically significant differences between patients and controls regarding COMP and MMP‐3, being higher in patients (p < .001). COMP and MMP‐3 have significant positive correlation with serum levels of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) and anti‐carbamylated protein (anti‐CarP). The original Sharp erosion score was positively correlated with the serum level of the studied antibodies and disease duration, but no significant correlation was found with either COMP, MMP‐3, or DAS‐28. Spine BMD and Z score were negatively correlated with disease activity and anti‐CarP. There were significant positive relationhsips between indices of local cartilage and bone loss and the indices of systemic bone loss. MMP‐3 had no correlation with indices of local cartilage and bone loss and disease activity scores.

Conclusions

The pathogenic mechanism of hand joint damage involved the three studied autoantibodies namely, rheumatoid factor, anti‐CCP and anti‐CarP antibodies. Anti‐CarP antibody was involved in the reduction of BMD of the spine. The association between systemic osteoporosis and hand joint damage pointed to a common pathogenic mechanism.
ATNr: Allometric Trophic Network models in R
Authors: Gauzens Benoit , Brose Ulrich , Delmas Eva , Berti Emilio
Published: September 2023

Understanding and predicting how densities of interacting species change over time has been one of the main goals of community ecology, which has become a pressing challenge in the context of global change.

We present the R package ATNr, which provides an implementation of different versions of Allometric Trophic Network models that simulate the biomass dynamics of trophically interacting species.

Relying on C++ routines, the ATNr proposes an efficient and standardised implementation of the different ATNs models.

By proposing a set of built in functions ready to use in a language widely used in the community of ecologists, the ATNr package offers an easy access to ATN models focusing on trophic interactions.
(Un)disciplined emotion and the research process
Authors: Brecklin Caitlin I.
Published: September 2023

In this Reflection From the Field, I use an emotionally difficult interview and related public observations to unpack the place of emotion in qualitative research. I argue that emotion, both researchers' and participants', should be considered in two ways: as a research tool and as a human experience. I conclude with a call for greater attention to emotions even in research on topics that do not seem inherently emotional, and provide suggestions for doing so.
The Catholic Church's point of view on priority of labor over capital
Authors: Gasda Elio
Published: September 2023

In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution transformed Western civilization in dramatic ways. Simultaneously, the market economy converted human labor into “merchandise”. Also in the 19th century, the reality of workers forced Pope Leo XIII to publish Rerum Novarum, the first encyclical of the Catholic Church's social doctrine. In 1981, Pope John Paul II, in Laborem Exercens, will affirm that the conversion of human labor into “merchandise” was generated by an anthropological inversion in the order of concepts: the priority of capital over labor. The value of labor cannot be fixed solely by the market law of supply and demand. The value of labor is measured, mainly, by the standard of dignity conferred on those who perform it. The great challenge is to rescue human labor as an activity of humanization and social fraternity. Human life and the common good are more valuable than capital.
Experimental heatwaves facilitate invasion and alter species interactions and composition in a tropical host‐parasitoid community
Authors: Chen Jinlin , Lewis Owen T.
Published: September 2023

As mean temperatures increase and heatwaves become more frequent, species are expanding their distributions to colonise new habitats. The resulting novel species interactions will simultaneously shape the temperature‐driven reorganization of resident communities. The interactive effects of climate change and climate change‐facilitated invasion have rarely been studied in multi‐trophic communities, and are likely to differ depending on the nature of the climatic driver (i.e., climate extremes or constant warming). We re‐created under laboratory conditions a host‐parasitoid community typical of high‐elevation rainforest sites in Queensland, Australia, comprising four Drosophila species and two associated parasitoid species. We subjected these communities to an equivalent increase in average temperature in the form of periodic heatwaves or constant warming, in combination with an invasion treatment involving a novel host species from lower‐elevation habitats. The two parasitoid species were sensitive to both warming and heatwaves, while the demographic responses of Drosophila species were highly idiosyncratic, reflecting the combined effects of thermal tolerance, parasitism, competition, and facilitation. After multiple generations, our heatwave treatment promoted the establishment of low‐elevation species in upland communities. Invasion of the low‐elevation species correlated negatively with the abundance of one of the parasitoid species, leading to cascading effects on its hosts and their competitors. Our study, therefore, reveals differing, sometimes contrasting, impacts of extreme temperatures and constant warming on community composition. It also highlights how the scale and direction of climate impacts could be further modified by invading species within a bi‐trophic community network.
Deeper topsoils enhance ecosystem productivity and climate resilience in arid regions, but not in humid regions
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Desai Ankur R. , Xiao Jingfeng , Hartemink Alfred E.
Published: September 2023

Understanding the controlling mechanisms of soil properties on ecosystem productivity is essential for sustaining productivity and increasing resilience under a changing climate. Here we investigate the control of topsoil depth (e.g., A horizons) on long‐term ecosystem productivity. We used nationwide observations (n = 2401) of topsoil depth and multiple scaled datasets of gross primary productivity (GPP) for five ecosystems (cropland, forest, grassland, pasture, shrubland) over 36 years (1986–2021) across the conterminous USA. The relationship between topsoil depth and GPP is primarily associated with water availability, which is particularly significant in arid regions under grassland, shrubland, and cropland (r = .37, .32, .15, respectively, p < .0001). For every 10 cm increase in topsoil depth, the GPP increased by 114 to 128 g C m−2 year−1 in arid regions (r = .33 and .45, p < .0001). Paired comparison of relatively shallow and deep topsoils while holding other variables (climate, vegetation, parent material, soil type) constant showed that the positive control of topsoil depth on GPP occurred primarily in cropland (0.73, confidence interval of 0.57–0.84) and shrubland (0.75, confidence interval of 0.40–0.94). The GPP difference between deep and shallow topsoils was small and not statistically significant. Despite the positive control of topsoil depth on productivity in arid regions, its contribution (coefficients: .09–.33) was similar to that of heat (coefficients: .06–.39) but less than that of water (coefficients: .07–.87). The resilience of ecosystem productivity to climate extremes varied in different ecosystems and climatic regions. Deeper topsoils increased stability and decreased the variability of GPP under climate extremes in most ecosystems, especially in shrubland and grassland. The conservation of topsoil in arid regions and improvements of soil depth representation and moisture‐retention mechanisms are critical for carbon‐sequestration ecosystem services under a changing climate. These findings and relationships should also be included in Earth system models.
Effect of the use of sweet potato or chayote tuber starch hydrogels on the physical properties of oleogel‐in‐hydrogel (bigels) systems
Authors: De Los Santos‐Trinidad J. , Pérez‐Alonso C. , Cruz‐Sosa F. , Román‐Guerrero A.
Published: September 2023

Bigel systems (BG) were formed through the combination of an oleogel (OG) formed with canola oil and beeswax (5% wt.), and a hydrogel (HG) formed with sweet potato (SP) or chayote tuber (CH) starch (10% wt.), using three OG : HG ratios (30:70, 40:60, 50:50). All the BG were self‐standing, exhibiting uniform and well‐defined phase distribution of OG‐in‐HG, and oil‐binding capacities greater than 96%. Droplet size of BG was influenced by the OG : HG ratio; higher amount of OG produced smaller droplet sizes. The characterisation of BG by FTIR and XRD showed structural configuration in BG is driven by physical and steric interactions by displaying distinctive characteristics of each individual phase and dismissing the formation of novel bonds. BG showed a pseudoplastic behaviour and was characterised as a weak gel, G′ > G″ at strains below 100% for BGSP and 50% for BGCH, with a shifting process (G′ > G″) at higher strains. Viscoelastic properties were influenced by the OG : HG ratio where BG at 50:50 exhibited lower strength and resistance to deformation. Textural parameters in BGSP were higher than BGCH, and influenced by the OG : HG ratio, indicating that the phase proportion in BG can modulate its structure and performance.
Lipid digestibility of sour cream and its analogue during in vitro digestion simulation and co‐consumption with cooked pasta
Authors: Tormási Judit , Abrankó László
Published: September 2023

Lipid digestibility of a high‐fat dairy product (sour cream (SC) containing milk fat) and its analogue (SCA; containing palm oil) was performed during in vitro digestion simulation using the Infogest method. Extent of lipolysis and fatty‐acid‐specific digestibility was determined using gastric lipase (GL) and pancreatic lipase (PL) or only PL. Milk fat from SC showed lower digestibility than palm oil from SCA and it was shown that GL has an important effect on short‐ and medium‐chained fatty acids (SCFAs and MCFAs); however, inhibition of GL is not the main cause of lowered lipid digestibility of SC. Structural analysis using fluorescent microscopy showed that the lower digestibility of milk fat is due to flocculation of globules, an effect not occurring with palm oil droplets. Moreover, lipid digestibility was evaluated in a real meal during co‐digestion simulations with cooked pasta. In this scenario, while lipid digestibility of SCA remained unchanged, extent of lipolysis of SC increased although only during digestion simulation using both enzymes (GL + PL). Results show the flocculation‐protecting effect of pasta proteins during gastric digestion of SC. The proposed effect is underlined with the FA‐specific results showing an increase in GL‐preferred FAs, SCFAs and MCFAs.
Mitochondrial disease in New Zealand: a nationwide prevalence study
Authors: Missen Sarah , Wilson Callum , Potter Howard , Vincent Andrea L. , Murphy Rinki , Roxburgh Richard , Rodrigues Miriam , Poke Gemma , Robertson Stephen P. , Thorburn David R. , Glamuzina Emma
Published: September 2023

Background

The complexities of mitochondrial disease make epidemiological studies challenging, yet this information is important in understanding the healthcare burden and addressing service and educational needs. Existing studies are limited to quaternary centres or focus on a single genotype or phenotype and estimate disease prevalence at 12.5 per 100 000. New Zealand's (NZ) size and partially integrated national healthcare system make it amenable to a nationwide prevalence study.

Aim

To estimate the prevalence of molecularly confirmed and suspected mitochondrial disease on 31 December 2015 in NZ.

Methods

Cases were identified from subspecialists and laboratory databases and through interrogation of the Ministry of Health National Minimum Dataset with a focus on presentations between 2000 and 2015. Patient records were reviewed, and those with a diagnosis of ‘mitochondrial disease’ who were alive and residing in NZ on the prevalence date were included. These were divided into molecularly confirmed and clinically suspected cases. Official NZ estimated resident population data were used to calculate prevalence.

Results

Seven hundred twenty‐three unique national health index numbers were identified. Five hundred five were excluded. The minimum combined prevalence for mitochondrial disease was 4.7 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1–5.4). The minimum prevalence for molecularly confirmed and suspected disease was 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.4–2.2) cases per 100 000 respectively.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, comparison to similar prevalence studies performed by specialist referral centres suggests mitochondrial disease is underdiagnosed in NZ. This highlights a need for improved education and referral pathways for mitochondrial disease in NZ.
Burden of respiratory syncytial virus in adults in the United Kingdom: A systematic literature review and gap analysis
Authors: Wilkinson Tom , Beaver Steph , Macartney Malcolm , McArthur Eve , Yadav Vaishali , Lied‐Lied Annie
Published: September 2023

Despite the growing recognition of a potentially significant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease burden in adults, relevant evidence in the United Kingdom (UK) is limited. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to identify the disease burden of RSV in UK adults, including certain high‐risk subgroups and existing evidence gaps. Published studies (2011 onwards) reporting epidemiological, economic and clinical burden outcomes in UK adults (≥15 years) with RSV were identified from indexed databases, including MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane library. High‐risk groups included elderly (≥65 years), immunocompromised, co‐morbid and co‐infected patients. Outcomes included RSV incidence/prevalence, mortality, clinical presentation and direct/indirect resource use/costs. Twenty‐eight publications on 28 unique studies were identified, mostly in general/respiratory indicator (n = 17), elderly (n = 10) and immunocompromised (n = 6) cohorts. Main outcomes reported in the general/respiratory indicator cohort were RSV infection incidence (seasonal/annual: 0.09–17.9%/6.6–15.1%), mortality (8,482 deaths/season) and direct resource use (including mean general practitioner [GP] episodes/season: 487,247). Seasonal/annual incidence was 14.6–26.5%/0.7–16% in high‐risk cohorts. Attributed to RSV in the elderly were 7,915 deaths/season and 175,070 mean GP episodes/season. Only two studies reported on co‐morbid cohorts. Clinical burden outcomes were only reported in general and immunocompromised patients, and no evidence was found in any cohort on indirect economic burden or RSV complications. Evidence captured suggests that RSV may have a substantial burden in UK adults. However, available data were limited and highly heterogenous, with further studies needed to characterise the burden of RSV in adults and to validate our findings.