bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steering through the storm: a process framework to guide purchasing and supply managers in navigating low-probability-high-impact disruptions
Authors: Mwesiumo Deodat , Nujen Bella Belerivana , Utvær Anette , Orheim Martin
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study seeks to explore the strategies purchasing and supply managers can employ to navigate the challenges presented by low-probability-high-impact (LPHI) disruptions. The core aim is to create a process framework that provides a systematic, step-by-step method to help purchasing and supply managers effectively deal with the chaos triggered by LPHI events.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on qualitative data collected from eight firms operating within different industries (healthcare, fishing, food retail and manufacturing), where two firms represented each industry. The data underwent a thorough analytical process involving open coding, axial coding and aggregation of categories, resulting in the identification and formulation of overarching themes.

Findings

The analysis unveiled five primary challenges purchasing and supply management (PSM) encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include supply shortages, supplier opportunism, the imperative to build a new supply base, price volatility and the need to make critical decisions based on limited information. It also identified contingent factors that influenced the magnitude of these challenges and approaches applied to address them. Additionally, it identified five responses to the challenges and two contingent factors that affected the responses.

Originality/value

This study extends the existing body of knowledge in purchasing and supply management by developing a process framework tailored to assist purchasing and supply managers in effectively addressing LPHI disruptions. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to offer a structured, step-by-step approach that guides PSM professionals in navigating the chaos likely to be caused by such events.
Where George Spencer-Brown went wrong – re-entry recalculated
Authors: Oksas André
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The paper uncovers a mathematical error in George Spencer-Brown's genesis of re-entry. It distinguishes between the two interpretations of re-entry presented in “Laws of Form”: recursive versus sequential. The Indeterminacy inferred by George Spencer-Brown from his recursive genesis of re-entry is refuted in three different ways. The calculation of the Modulator from “Laws of Form” demonstrates that only the sequential interpretation of re-entry is reasonable. This contributes to the demystification of re-entry and enables a deeper understanding. Finally, six differences between the concept of form from “Laws of Form” and Niklas Luhmann's sociological systems theory are presented.

Design/methodology/approach

Methodologically, the paper uses the ternary logic of discrete mathematics, which extends {0, 1} by “don't care” to {0, 1, -}. George Spencer-Brown's Indeterminicy is refuted by using three different methods: complete induction, Theorems 14 and 15 and the software XBOOLE. For the calculation of the Modulator, the only practical application of re-entry in “Laws of Form”, techniques from automata theory are used.

Findings

The paper reveals a mathematical error in George Spencer-Brown's genesis of the re-entry of “Laws of Form” and refutes the assumption of Indeterminicy. The analysis of the only practical application of re-entry presented by George Spencer-Brown shows that the functioning of this Modulator can only be described correctly with the sequential interpretation of re-entry.

Originality/value

The paper emphasizes the interdisciplinary potential of sociology and information technology and provides methods and tools of discrete mathematics for use in the analysis of the works of George Spencer-Brown and Niklas Luhmann.
The heterogeneous impact of China–Europe railway express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities
Authors: Niu Yanliang , Liu Jin , Yang Xining , Wang Chuan
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The spatiotemporal compression effect of China–Europe Railway Express (CR-Express) can reduce the flow costs of resources between China’s node cities. Additionally, it can break through the limitations of low-added-value marine products, significantly impacting the logistics industry efficiency. However, there are few literature verifying and analyzing its heterogeneity. This study explores the impact of CR-Express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities and analyzes the heterogeneity.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this study uses panel data to measure the efficiency of node city logistics industry. Secondly, this study discusses the impact of the opening of CR-Express on the efficiency of logistics industry in node cities based on the multi-period differential model. Finally, according to the node city difference, the sample city experimental group is grouped for heterogeneity analysis.

Findings

The results show that CR-Express can promote the urban logistics industry efficiency, with an average effect of 4.55%. According to the urban characteristics classification, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the efficiency improvement effect of logistics industry in inland cities is more obvious. The improvement effect of node cities and central cities in central and western China is stronger, especially in the sample of megacities and type I big cities. Compared with non-value chain industrial products, the CR-Express has significant promotion effects on the logistics efficiency of the cities where main goods are value chain products.

Originality/value

Under the background of double cycle development, this paper can provide a scientific basis for the investment benefit evaluation of CR-Express construction and the follow-up route planning.
Evaluating the mismatch between user requirements and existing situation display tools in administrative crisis management
Authors: Hellmund Tobias , Moßgraber Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Crisis management is a challenging and interdisciplinary task in which various information must be acquired and fused. In Germany, Civil Crisis Management is usually organized into two parts: the organizational‐administrative division and the operative‐tactical division, which are subordinate to the authorities (political) leadership. To organize an efficient and interdisciplinary response, crisis staffs can be called up. In these administrative crisis staffs, information sources are bundled, responsible experts collaborate and exchange information. To achieve a common understanding of the crisis, situational displays are created. Situational displays present the extend of the crisis and offer high‐level information required by the staff members. They can show the extent of the crisis area on maps or integrate other, for example numeric, information. This paper presents both state of the art in situational display creation and the most recent requirements in administrative crisis management. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and workshops regarding the tools for the creation of situational displays. For both data gathering methods, we were able to acquire active crisis management experts as participants. To determine the state of the art for situational displays for administrative crisis management staff we utilized structured questionnaires, which were answered by 14 crisis management authorities. Through two expert workshops with each nine participants, the requirements for situational display were collected. This paper compares the two datasets to evaluate the recent state of situational displays for administrative crisis staff in practice. The article summarizes usage of situational displays by practitioners and compiles lessons from the field.
A structured approach to modifying an implementation package while scaling up a complex evidence‐based practice
Authors: Cordasco Kristina M. , Gabrielian Sonya E. , Barnard Jenny , Harris Taylor , Finley Erin P.
Published: May 2024

Objective

To describe a structured, iterative, data‐driven approach for modifying implementation strategies for a complex evidence‐based practice during a nationwide scale‐up initiative.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We scaled‐up implementation of Critical Time Intervention (CTI)—an evidence‐based case management model—across 32 diverse community‐based Veterans Affairs (VA) “Grant and Per Diem” case management (GPD‐CM) agencies that serve homeless‐experienced Veterans transitioning to independent living. Primary data were collected using qualitative methods.

Study Design

We embarked on a scale‐up initiative while conducting a pragmatic randomized evaluation using a roll‐out design, comparing two versions of a CTI implementation package tailored to VA's GPD‐CM program. We iteratively assessed contextual factors and implementation outcomes (e.g., acceptability); findings informed package modifications that were characterized using the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence‐based Implementation Strategies.

Data Collection Methods

We conducted semi‐structured interviews with Veterans, GPD‐CM staff, and liaising VA clinicians; periodic reflections with liaising VA clinicians and implementation team members; and drew upon detailed meeting notes. We used rapid qualitative methods and content analysis to integrate data and characterize modifications.

Principal Findings

After each scale‐up wave—in response to variations in agency‐level characteristics— we made iterative modifications to the implementation package to increase CTI adoption and fidelity across the diverse contexts of our scale‐up sites. Modifications included adding, deleting, integrating, and altering the package; core package components were preserved.

Conclusions

Implementation packages for complex evidence‐based practices undergoing scale‐up in diverse contexts may benefit from iterative modifications to optimize practice adoption with fidelity. We offer a structured, pragmatic approach for iteratively identifying data‐driven, midstream implementation package adjustments, for use in both VA and non‐VA scale‐up initiatives. Our project demonstrates the importance of assessing for and making modifications in a scale‐up initiative, as well as the trade‐offs of projects having simultaneous formative and summative evaluation aims.
Gestational exposure to benzodiazepines or z‐hypnotics and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan , Varadharajan Natarajan , Bascarane Sharmi , Menon Vikas
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Benzodiazepine (BDZP) and/or z‐hypnotic dispensing during pregnancy has increased globally, as have rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to estimate the association between gestational exposure to BDZP and/or z‐hypnotics and diagnosis of ASD or ADHD in offspring.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS from inception till December 2023 for relevant English‐language articles. Outcomes of interest were risk of ASD and ADHD, two independent primary outcomes, in children exposed anytime during pregnancy to BDZP and/or z‐hypnotics versus those unexposed. Secondary outcomes were trimester‐wise analyses. Using a random effects model, we pooled the overall and trimester‐wise hazard ratios (HRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for risk of ASD and ADHD.

Results

We found six eligible retrospective cohort studies and no case–control studies. There was no increased risk of ASD associated with anytime gestational BDZP and/or z‐hypnotic exposure (primary outcome, HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.81–1.50; 4 studies; n = 3,783,417; 80,270 exposed, 3,703,147 unexposed) nor after first trimester exposure (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.83–1.58; 3 studies; n = 1,539,335; 70,737 exposed, 1,468,598 unexposed) or later trimester exposures. A very small but significantly increased risk of ADHD was noted with anytime gestational exposure to these drugs (primary outcome, HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12; 4 studies; n = 2,000,777; 78,912 exposed, 1,921,865 unexposed) and also with (only) second trimester exposure (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12; 3 studies; n = 1,539,281; 33,355 exposed, 1,505,926 unexposed). Findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

Gestational exposure to benzodiazepines or z‐hypnotics was not associated with an increased risk of ASD and with only a marginally increased risk of ADHD in offspring. Given the likelihood of confounding by indication and by unmeasured variables in the original studies, our findings should reassure women who need these medications for severe anxiety or insomnia during pregnancy.
The “most bothersome symptom” construct: A qualitative study of Australians living with endometriosis
Authors: Mitchell Alice M. , Rajapakse Danushi , Peate Michelle , Chalmers K. Jane , Kamper Steven J. , Frawley Helena , Cheng Claudia , Healey Martin , Lensen Sarah
Published: May 2024

Introduction

“Improvement in the most bothersome symptom” was recently selected as a core outcome for endometriosis intervention trials. This study aimed to explore the applicability of the construct of “symptom bother” in representing the lived experiences of people with endometriosis.

Material and Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted to understand the meaning of “symptom bother” and related constructs. Eighteen interviews were conducted: 14 among people with a surgical diagnosis of endometriosis who were recruited from the community, and four with people who were recruited from a private gynecology clinic who had either a confirmed diagnosis or a high suspicion of the disease. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

Results

Three primary themes were identified: (1) endometriosis symptoms and priorities vary with time and context, (2) endometriosis symptoms impair normal daily functioning, (3) endometriosis symptoms are more than just a “bother.” The concept of “bother” to describe endometriosis symptoms did not resonate with most participants. Whilst “bother” was familiar language, it did not encompass the broader implications of living with endometriosis. Participants felt “bother” implied emotional distress, lacking a full understanding of the consequences of the disease. Instead, “symptom impact” was endorsed, allowing participants to quantify and objectively assess their symptoms, free from negative connotations.

Conclusions

This was the first qualitative study to explore “symptom bother” among people living with endometriosis. Instead of “bother,” “impact” was widely endorsed as a suitable construct. This term more appropriately captured the broad ways in which endometriosis symptoms impair daily functioning.
Taking shape: A new geometric morphometric approach to quantifying dental fluctuating asymmetry and its application to the evaluation of developmental stress
Authors: Wigley Ben , Stillman Eleanor , Craig‐Atkins Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Although evaluating developmental stress is challenging, it is critical to understanding phenotypic adaptation and differentials in morbidity and mortality related to spatiotemporal variation in environmental and cultural factors. This paper presents a new, reproducible, and reliable geometric morphometric (GM) protocol through which stress‐induced deviations to symmetry, known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA), can be robustly quantified. A case study, in which maternally mediated early‐life stress in human skeletal remains is explored through first permanent molar (M1) FA, illustrates the method's effectiveness and wide‐ranging potential to revolutionise the investigation of themes such as stress intensity, developmental processes, and buffering mechanisms in past populations.
Corruption spills over on citizens: The case of self‐reported motivation to cheat on tax
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakkar
Published: May 2024

Corruption poses a significant threat to societies’ social and economic fabric, eroding trust and contractual relationships between governments and citizens. This study investigates the repercussions of corruption spillover on individuals and explores how they adjust their motivation to engage in tax cheating by exploiting two distinct types of corruption heterogeneities at both individual and national levels. Leveraging newly collected individual corruption experiences locally from the World Value Survey alongside national‐level corruption data from Transparency International, we employ multilevel hierarchical modeling to estimate the effects of corruption on individual tax behavior. Our findings reveal that corruption negatively impacts people's willingness to comply with tax laws, with individuals who have personally experienced corruption exhibiting a more pronounced erosion of tax morale compared to those who have not. By shedding light on the intricate dynamics of corruption's influence on tax compliance, this paper contributes to our understanding of the broader implications of corruption for people and society. This paper can also inform policymakers and stakeholders in designing targeted interventions to mitigate the adverse consequences of corruption and restore citizens’ trust in their government.
Green HRM fostering followers' green creativity: Unfolding the role of environmental concern and employee engagement with eco‐initiatives as a serial mediation
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Khosa Mishal , Nguyen Nhat Tan , Faqera Abdulaziz Fahmi Omar , Rehman Shafique Ur
Published: May 2024

Recent literature in environmental management implies that employee behaviour is imperative for improving environmental sustainability. Despite this, little effort has been made into how human resource management (HRM) relates to green creativity. This research aims to examine if an organization's green HRM (GHRM) practices can foster green creativity among manufacturing sector employees through the serial mediation path of environmental concerns and employee engagement with environmental initiatives, using self‐determination theory (SDT). To conduct this research, we collected and analysed data from 309 employees of manufacturing firms in Pakistan using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM). The results supported a positive relationship between GHRM and green creativity and the role of environmental concern and employee engagement with environmental initiatives in mediating that relationship. Likewise, the findings indicated that the relationship between GHRM and green creativity would strengthen as employees become more environmentally concerned. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on HRM and environmental management by providing new insights into the critical role of GHRM in fostering green creativity. Using SDT as a foundation, this research provides theoretical and practical contributions and implications and valuable recommendations for scholars and managers in the manufacturing sector.
Pituitary‐related immune adverse events induced by programmed death Protein‐1 inhibitors differ clinically from hypophysitis
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Zhang Yao , Chen Xiaoyu , Liu Kuanzhi , Zhou Yaru , Wang Shuchang
Published: May 2024

Objective

We aimed to elucidate the clinical features of pituitary immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) induced by PD‐1 inhibitors in a Chinese cohort and the previous literatures.

Patients and Design and Measurements

We retrospectively analysed the clinical manifestations, laboratory examination findings, imaging features and treatments of 14 patients with pituitary irAEs caused by PD‐1 inhibitors in our cohort. In addition, we searched PubMed for all English articles on pituitary irAEs induced by PD‐1 inhibitors published from 1950 to 2023. A total of 47 articles were included, and the clinical characteristics of 94 patients with pituitary irAEs induced by PD‐1 inhibitors in these literatures were compared to the characteristics of our cohort.

Results

Among the 14 patients in our cohort with pituitary irAEs induced by PD‐1 inhibitors, 12 patients (85.71%, 12/14) exhibited isolated ACTH deficiency (IAD), 100.0% (14/14) of the central adrenocortical insufficiency, and 2 patients showed more than one hypothalamic‐pituitary axis injury (14.29%, 2/14). Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in all the 14 patients showed no pituitary enlargement. In previous studies we reviewed, 82.98% of the total (78/94) presented with pituitary irAEs as IAD, 100.0% (94/94) of the central adrenocortical insufficiency, and 78.33% of the patients showed no abnormality of the pituitary gland (47/60). The pituitary irAEs caused by PD‐1 inhibitors did not involve typical manifestations of hypophysitis, such as pituitary enlargement, headache, visual field defects, and multiple pituitary function impairments in our cohort and the previous literatures.

Conclusion

In our study, pituitary immune‐related adverse reactions induced by PD‐1 inhibitors mainly manifested isolated ACTH deficiency rather than hypophysitis.
The Impact of Mandatory Operating Information Disclosure on Related‐Party Transactions: Evidence From China
Authors: He Yan , Wang Jing , Meng Qingxi
Published: May 2024

Research Question/Issue

We investigate the impact of mandatory operating information disclosure rules on related‐party transactions (RPTs) in Chinese‐listed firms. To achieve this, we use the staggered implementation of China's Industry Disclosure Guidelines (CIDG) as an exogenous shock to firms' operating information. We then examine how this regulatory change influences controlling shareholders' expropriation behavior through RPTs.

Research Findings/Insights

The implementation of CIDG results in a reduction in suspicious RPTs, indicating that the mandatory disclosure of operating information effectively mitigates expropriation behavior by controlling shareholders. Additionally, we observe improvements in both the quantity and quality of disclosures after the CIDG, which enhances corporate governance by increasing investor attention and improving the efficiency of regulatory inquiries into RPTs. In our cross‐sectional analysis, the impact of the CIDG is more pronounced for firms with weaker internal controls, lower institutional holdings, and a weaker institutional environment as compared to their counterparts, suggesting a “substitution effect” between the CIDG and firms' internal and external governance mechanisms.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

This study contributes to addressing the challenge of curbing opportunistic RPTs in emerging markets. Our study contributes to previous research by emphasizing the crucial role of operating information. This information enhances outsiders' ability to comprehensively understand and utilize disclosed numbers, thereby compensating for a firm's weak corporate governance and restraining expropriation by controlling shareholders. We also provide evidence that corporate governance can be strengthened by improving operational transparency. Our study also contributes to the literature on the actual effect of information on managerial behavior.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study has several important policy implications. Providing sufficient operating information to minority shareholders and other monitors can empower them to oversee controlling shareholders' behavior effectively. Policymakers can enhance market discipline by reforming information disclosure rules and promoting industry‐level transparency, particularly in emerging markets that have insufficient investor protection against tunneling.
Brief apnea with hypoventilation reduces seizure duration and shifts seizure location for several hours in a model of severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rodriguez Lara Frances , Sunkavalli Praneel , Mikaelian Michael , Golemb Bryan , Chung David Y. , Duhaime Ann‐Christine , Staley Kevin , Costine‐Bartell Beth
Published: May 2024

Objective

Seizures can be difficult to control in infants and toddlers. Seizures with periods of apnea and hypoventilation are common following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously observed that brief apnea with hypoventilation (A&H) in our severe TBI model acutely interrupted seizures. The current study is designed to determine the effect of A&H on subsequent seizures and whether A&H has potential therapeutic implications.

Methods

Piglets (1 week or 1 month old) received multifactorial injuries: cortical impact, mass effect, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and seizures induced with kainic acid. A&H (1 min apnea, 10 min hypoventilation) was induced either before or after seizure induction, or control piglets received subdural/subarachnoid hematoma and seizure without A&H. In an intensive care unit, piglets were sedated, intubated, and mechanically ventilated, and epidural electroencephalogram was recorded for an average of 18 h after seizure induction.

Results

In our severe TBI model, A&H after seizure reduced ipsilateral seizure burden by 80% compared to the same injuries without A&H. In the A&H before seizure induction group, more piglets had exclusively contralateral seizures, although most piglets in all groups had seizures that shifted location throughout the several hours of seizure. After 8–10 h, seizures transitioned to interictal epileptiform discharges regardless of A&H or timing of A&H.

Significance

Even brief A&H may alter traumatic seizures. In our preclinical model, we will address the possibility of hypercapnia with normoxia, with controlled intracranial pressure, as a therapeutic option for children with status epilepticus after hemorrhagic TBI.
Hydrothermal carbonization: Sustainable pathways for waste‐to‐energy conversion and biocoal production
Authors: Singh Ajit , Bin Abu Sofian Abu Danish Aiman , Chan Yi Jing , Chakrabarty Anita , Selvarajoo Anurita , Abakr Yousif Abdalla , Show Pau Loke
Published: May 2024

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology emerges as a sustainable method to convert wet biomass, including food waste and municipal solid waste into high‐energy dense biocoal. This process, conducted at temperatures ranging from 180 to 260°C and pressures of 10–50 bar, effectively transforms the organic material in wet biomass into solid, liquid, and gaseous outputs. The solid product, biocoal, possesses a high carbon concentration and heating values on par with lignite coal, presenting a cleaner alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Despite operational commercial‐scale HTC facilities globally, further adoption across various feedstocks can improve waste management and energy production. The process can achieve energy yields up to 80%, particularly at temperatures favoring the generation of secondary char with higher heating values. HTC not only aids in reducing greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration in solid waste but also promotes environmental sustainability by yielding nutrient‐rich by‐products for agriculture. As a versatile and energy‐efficient solution, HTC technology is a pivotal innovation in waste‐to‐energy conversion, addressing the imperative for sustainable waste management. Other supplementary benefits are presented; they include higher employability, reduction of a nation's reliance on imported energy, and better waste control, therefore considering all pillars of sustainability. Future research should focus on optimizing process efficiency and exploring the broader applicability of HTC to various biomass feedstocks, enhancing its role in the global pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.
Certification of Meissen Granite IAG GMN‐1 Using the GeoPT Proficiency Testing Certification Protocol
Authors: Potts Philip J. , Webb Peter C. , Gowing Charles J.B. , Renno Axel D.
Published: May 2024

Following a full assessment of the GeoPT proficiency testing scheme against the recommendations in ISO Guide 35:2017 for the use of proficiency testing in the certification of reference materials, this paper presents the first application of the GeoPT certification protocol in the characterisation of a new geochemical CRM, IAG GMN‐1, Meissen Granite. This protocol is applied to the measurement results reported in Round 51 of the GeoPT programme in which the candidate CRM was used as the test material, together with an established CRM (CGL 008 MGT‐1 Granite) to provide validation of the results. Following the presentation of mineralogy, grain‐size analysis and homogeneity testing data for IAG GMN‐1, certified values for nine major elements and thirty‐nine trace elements are reported.
Can fecal microbiota transplantations modulate autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes?
Authors: Fuhri Snethlage Coco M. , de Wit Douwe , Wortelboer Koen , Rampanelli Elena , Hanssen Nordin M. J. , Nieuwdorp Max
Published: May 2024

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease targeting insulin‐producing pancreatic beta cells. T1D is a multifactorial disease incorporating genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the advances in high‐throughput sequencing have allowed researchers to elucidate the changes in the gut microbiota taxonomy and functional capacity that accompany T1D development. An increasing number of studies have shown a role of the gut microbiota in mediating immune responses in health and disease, including autoimmunity. Fecal microbiota transplantations (FMT) have been largely used in murine models to prove a causal role of the gut microbiome in disease progression and have been shown to be a safe and effective treatment in inflammatory human diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research regarding the gut microbiota–host interactions in T1D, the current advancement in therapies for T1D, and the usefulness of FMT studies to explore microbiota–host immunity encounters in murine models and to shape the course of human type 1 diabetes.
Large electrostrain achieved in BNKT‐based ceramics by the adjustment of phase boundary with Ba(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O3 addition
Authors: Zheng Yazhong , Nie Huanghui , Feng Haoran , Chen Xinyu , Liu Xinyu , Qiu Qian , Zheng Ying , Yu Kun , Song Chunlin , Yan Yan , Jin Li , Liu Gang
Published: May 2024

In the current study, the incorporation of Ba(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O3 (BSN) effectively modifies the phase boundary of the 0.8(Bi0.50Na0.50)TiO3‐0.2(Bi0.50K0.50)TiO3 (BNKT) lead‐free ceramic material, inducing enhanced electrostrain properties at room temperature, particularly results in a “bud‐like” strain profile without negative strain. A comprehensive investigation has been conducted into the microstructure, electrical properties, and electrostrain properties of the above‐mentioned ceramics. The addition of BSN was observed to be well incorporated into the BNKT crystal structure, forming a single perovskite structure according to the X‐ray diffraction pattern. With the increase in BSN solid solution content, the temperature at which the transition from ferroelectric to the relaxor phase occurs shifted from 88.1°C to beneath room temperature (30°C). Specifically, the BNKT‐0.0075BSN ceramic demonstrated a positive strain response of 0.459% along with a large signal piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) of 643 pm/V. Additionally, the strain hysteresis of the BNKT‐0.0175BSN ceramics was only about 3% at 120°C. These experimental findings suggest that BNKT‐xBSN ceramics could be strong contenders for actuators and sensors, presenting promising opportunities for lead‐free ceramic actuator applications.
School‐based targeted prevention for children with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning and behaviour problems: A pilot implementation study
Authors: Kühl E. , Deković M. , Thomaes S. , Koning I. , Liber J. M.
Published: May 2024

Background

We examined the implementation and potential effectiveness of a school‐based targeted prevention programme addressing behaviour problems, adapted for children with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.

Method

Thirteen children participated. The intervention was implemented in schools. We examined intervention dosage, reach, responsiveness, satisfaction, and comprehension, using questionnaires completed by children and trainers. We assessed child‐ and teacher‐reported behaviour problems before and after the intervention.

Results

Trainers selected both children who did and did not meet the intervention eligibility criteria, suggesting problems in intervention reach. Intervention dosage, responsiveness, satisfaction, and comprehension were satisfactory. There were group‐level behaviour problem decreases (i.e., Cohen's d). Individual‐level behaviour problem changes (i.e., Reliable Change Indices) showed large heterogeneity and little reliable change.

Conclusions

The results provide initial evidence that the intervention has potential for successful implementation in schools, but the current evidence for intervention effectiveness is inconclusive.
Association of atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and triglycerides‐glucose index with hypertension: A gender‐disaggregated analysis
Authors: Ahari Rana Kolahi , Sahranavard Toktam , Mansoori Amin , Fallahi Zahra , Babaeepoor Negin , Ferns Gordon , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: May 2024

This study assessed the association between atherosclerosis indices, serum uric acid to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index and the prevalence of hypertension among MASHAD cohort participants. In this cross‐sectional study, the participants were divided into hypertensive and non‐hypertensive subjects. The atherosclerosis indices, UHR and TyG index of the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations of these indices with hypertension in both sex. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish the cut‐off values for differentiating hypertensive from non‐hypertensive subjects. p‐values < .05 were considered statistically significant. Data related to 9675 subjects (3035 hypertensive and 6640 non‐hypertensive) were analyzed. The mean values of atherosclerosis indices, UHR and TyG index were significantly higher (p < .001) in the hypertensives compared to non‐hypertensives. After adjustment for potential confounders, among men, the TyG index (OR = 1.360; 95% CI: 1.210–1.530; p < .001) remained an independent factor for hypertension. Among women, atherogenic index of plasma (OR = 1.005; 95% CI: 1.002–1.007; p < .001), UHR (OR = 1.043; 95% CI: 1.026–1.060; p < .001) and TyG index (OR = 1.519; 95% CI: 1.376–1.677; p < .001) remained independent factors for hypertension. ROC curve analysis revealed that compare to the other indices, TyG index had a better predictive value for hypertension in both sex, especially in women.
Exploring the immune escape mechanisms in gastric cancer patients based on the deep AI algorithms and single‐cell sequencing analysis
Authors: Chen Wenli , Liu Xiaohui , Wang Houhong , Dai Jingyou , Li Changquan , Hao Yanyan , Jiang Dandan
Published: May 2024

Gastric cancer is a prevalent and deadly malignancy, and the response to immunotherapy varies among patients. This study aimed to develop a prognostic model for gastric cancer patients and investigate immune escape mechanisms using deep machine learning and single‐cell sequencing analysis. Data from public databases were analysed, and a prediction model was constructed using 101 algorithms. The high‐AIDPS group, characterized by increased AIDPS expression, exhibited worse survival, genomic variations and immune cell infiltration. These patients also showed immunotherapy tolerance. Treatment strategies targeting the high‐AIDPS group identified three potential drugs. Additionally, distinct cluster groups and upregulated AIDPS‐associated genes were observed in gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of GHRL expression suppressed cancer cell activity, inhibited M2 polarization in macrophages and reduced invasiveness. Overall, AIDPS plays a critical role in gastric cancer prognosis, genomic variations, immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response, and targeting GHRL expression holds promise for personalized treatment. These findings contribute to improved clinical management in gastric cancer.
Prognostic value of CDKN2A in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via pathomics and machine learning
Authors: Wang Yandan , Zhou Chaoqun , Li Tian , Luo Junpeng
Published: May 2024

This study aims to enhance the prognosis prediction of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) by employing artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse CDKN2A gene expression from pathology images, directly correlating with patient outcomes. Our approach introduces a novel AI‐driven pathomics framework, delineating a more precise relationship between CDKN2A expression and survival rates compared to previous studies. Utilizing 475 HNSCC cases from the TCGA database, we stratified patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups based on CDKN2A expression thresholds. Through pathomics analysis of 271 cases with available slides, we extracted 465 distinctive features to construct a Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model. This model was then employed to compute Pathomics scores (PS), predicting CDKN2A expression levels with validation for accuracy and pathway association analysis. Our study demonstrates a significant correlation between higher CDKN2A expression and improved median overall survival (66.73 months for high expression vs. 42.97 months for low expression, p = 0.013), establishing CDKN2A's prognostic value. The pathomic model exhibited exceptional predictive accuracy (training AUC: 0.806; validation AUC: 0.710) and identified a strong link between higher Pathomics scores and cell cycle activation pathways. Validation through tissue microarray corroborated the predictive capacity of our model. Confirming CDKN2A as a crucial prognostic marker in HNSCC, this study advances the existing literature by implementing an AI‐driven pathomics analysis for gene expression evaluation. This innovative methodology offers a cost‐efficient and non‐invasive alternative to traditional diagnostic procedures, potentially revolutionizing personalized medicine in oncology.
Optimizing maintenance therapy in responders to abrocitinib induction: A post hoc analysis of JADE REGIMEN
Authors: Thyssen J. P. , Silverberg J. I. , Ruano J. , Blauvelt A. , Gubelin W. , Simpson E. L. , Weidinger S. , Valdez H. , Terry K. K. , Biswas P. , Güler E. , Feeney C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Treatment optimization may require dosing flexibility. The Phase 3 JADE REGIMEN trial (NCT03627767) evaluated maintenance of abrocitinib 200 mg‐induced response in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) randomly assigned to subsequent maintenance with continuous‐dose abrocitinib (200 mg), reduced‐dose abrocitinib (100 mg) or placebo. Maintenance with continuous‐dose abrocitinib was associated with a stronger prevention of disease flares, but also with a higher occurrence of adverse events, compared with the reduced dose.

Objective

This post hoc analysis of JADE REGIMEN aimed to identify predictors of not flaring during the maintenance period and to generate tools that can be used to assess probability of not flaring.

Methods

Data were analysed from patients who responded to abrocitinib 200 mg induction therapy (12 weeks) and were randomly assigned to receive abrocitinib (200 mg or 100 mg) or placebo in the 40‐week maintenance period. Demographic and baseline disease characteristics and level of response to induction were evaluated for association with not flaring using logistic regression. Parameters with a significant (p < 0.15) interaction with the treatment arm were fitted into a multivariable regression model, which was used to assess probability of not flaring.

Results

Lower percentage body surface area affected at baseline (p = 0.09), absence of prior exposure to systemic agents (p = 0.02) and greater percentage change in EASI from baseline to randomization (p < 0.001) were identified as predictors of not flaring with abrocitinib. In both abrocitinib arms, percentage change in EASI from baseline to end of induction (Week 12) was the major contributor to the probability of not flaring in the maintenance period.

Conclusions

Maintenance of response using reduced‐dose abrocitinib 100 mg may be feasible for patients with lower baseline disease severity and strong response to abrocitinib 200 mg induction treatment.
Pollination and pollen plant diversity by Apis cerana cerana during olive flowering based on DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Liu Wenping , Huang Sicheng , Hao Youjin , Long Jingui , Wang Yamei , Jin Zhiwei , Lu Huanhuan , Zhou Zeyang , Dang Xiaoqun , Pan Zhaohui , Huang Dunyuan
Published: May 2024

To understand the role of Apis cerana cerana in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) pollination, pollinators and pollen carried by bees were collected from 11 experimental plots during the flowering period. The abundance and diversity of pollen plant species were investigated using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 583 pollinators were collected and A. cerana cerana accounts for 46.83%. Further analysis revealed a total of 56 families, 136 genera and 195 plant species in bee pollens. O. europaea is the dominant species accounting for 42.02 ± 34.89% and then followed by Sedum japonicum (8.70 ± 16.42%). Diversity index showed that the abundance and diversity of pollen plant species were the highest in Wanzhou (WZ) and lowest in Hechuan (HC). This suggests that Wanzhou sample plot has a greater abundance of plant species to supplement the bee diet. Excessive presence of miscellaneous flowering plants in olive plantations can distract bees from collecting olive tree pollens. Therefore, their abundances can be reduced appropriately while ensuring food diversity for the bees. Based on the abundance of plants in pollens, we recommend that appropriately planting of S. japonicum, Youngia japonica and Vicia villosa in olive plantations with fewer flowering plants could be an effective supplement of bee food. Our results not only contribute to future studies on olive tree pollination but also provide new ideas for enriching flowering plants in or around olive plantations.
Tagging mortality in acoustic telemetry studies: Insights from a multispecies analysis
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Lucas , Bentes Luis , Dias André , Erzini Karim , Gandra Miguel , Kraft Sebastian , Winkler Alexander C. , Abecasis David
Published: May 2024

The widespread adoption of acoustic telemetry has transformed our understanding of marine species' behavior and movement ecology. However, accurately interpreting telemetry data, especially concerning tagging mortality, is essential for drawing valid conclusions. In this study, we scrutinized tagging mortality in 223 individuals across 14 species and evaluated the impact of tagging methodologies, including capture method and size effects. Results reveal high tagging survival rates overall, attributable to the resiliency of the studied species and the rigorous animal welfare protocols followed during tagging procedures. Our results highlight the importance of tailoring array designs to the specific mobility patterns of the studied species for accurate survival assessments. This research contributes to generalizing mortality assessments and clearing the path for more precise and reliable telemetry studies in the future.
Directors with foreign experience and employee protection
Authors: Zu Chunyu
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the impact of managerial foreign experience on corporate employee protection. Using 30,644 firm‐year observations from 3972 Chinese listed firms from 2008 to 2020, I find that compared with firms without returnee directors, firms with returnee directors pay more social insurance premiums and implement better employee treatment policies. The positive relationship is stronger when returnee directors acquire foreign work experience (as opposed to educational experience), gain experience in countries with strong labor protection, serve as a CEO or a chairperson in the Chinese firm, and have high media visibility. The cross‐sectional analysis shows the effect of directors with foreign experience on employee protection is greater in non‐state‐owned firms, and returnee directors improve employee protections more when the employees have relatively weak discourse power. Additional analysis finds that returnee directors improve employee training and occupational safety, and they help balance social insurance generosity and employment levels. The results are robust after addressing the potential endogeneity problems. My results suggest a potential way to transfer better labor protection practices from developed to emerging markets.
A practical guide to bioimaging research data management in core facilities
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Boissonnet Tom , Dohle Julia , Bernhardt Karen , Ferrando‐May Elisa , Wernet Tobias , Nitschke Roland , Kunis Susanne , Weidtkamp‐Peters Stefanie
Published: May 2024

Bioimage data are generated in diverse research fields throughout the life and biomedical sciences. Its potential for advancing scientific progress via modern, data‐driven discovery approaches reaches beyond disciplinary borders. To fully exploit this potential, it is necessary to make bioimaging data, in general, multidimensional microscopy images and image series, FAIR, that is, findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. These FAIR principles for research data management are now widely accepted in the scientific community and have been adopted by funding agencies, policymakers and publishers. To remain competitive and at the forefront of research, implementing the FAIR principles into daily routines is an essential but challenging task for researchers and research infrastructures. Imaging core facilities, well‐established providers of access to imaging equipment and expertise, are in an excellent position to lead this transformation in bioimaging research data management. They are positioned at the intersection of research groups, IT infrastructure providers, the institution´s administration, and microscope vendors. In the frame of German BioImaging – Society for Microscopy and Image Analysis (GerBI‐GMB), cross‐institutional working groups and third‐party funded projects were initiated in recent years to advance the bioimaging community's capability and capacity for FAIR bioimage data management. Here, we provide an imaging‐core‐facility‐centric perspective outlining the experience and current strategies in Germany to facilitate the practical adoption of the FAIR principles closely aligned with the international bioimaging community. We highlight which tools and services are ready to be implemented and what the future directions for FAIR bioimage data have to offer.
Using interviewee‐created graphs to explore the arc of closeness and trust in adolescents' supportive relationships with nonparental adults
Authors: Griffith Aisha N.
Published: May 2024

Adolescents' supportive relationships with nonparental adults are beneficial when they are close and have trust, but few studies explore how adolescents believe closeness and trust unfold over time. I propose a method for prompting adolescents to retrospectively describe the development of abstract components of such relationships by sharing a study that used interviewee‐created graphing to prompt adolescents to move from concrete parts of the relationship to abstract concepts using a tool adolescents would be familiar with from math classes. Analyses using Venn diagrams and matrices suggested adolescents conceptualized closeness and trust differently, however, this was shaped by whether the adult was a part of their family. Reflections on how the proposed graphing method can effectively be used will be discussed.