bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound guidance during embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Teixeira D. M. , Dassunção L. A. , Vieira C. V. R. , Barbosa M. A. P. , Coelho Neto M. A. , Nastri C. O. , Martins W. P.
Published: July 2014

Objectives

To summarize the current evidence on the effect of using ultrasound (US) guidance during embryo transfer (ET).

Methods

In this systematic review, we included randomized controlled trials examining the effect of the use of US guidance during ET; data from studies using the same catheter type in study arms were not pooled with the results from studies that used different catheter types.

Results

Twenty‐one studies were included in the quantitative analysis: 18 compared ‘US guidance’ with ‘clinical touch’, of which one was subsequently excluded from the quantitative meta‐analysis owing to a lack of available data, three studies compared transvaginal US guidance with transabdominal US guidance, and one study compared ‘hysterosonometry before ET’ with US guidance. Comparison of the use of US guidance with clinical touch, in studies that used the same catheter type in the study arms, indicated a benefit of using US guidance during ET on the rates of live birth (relative risk (RR), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.16–1.87)), based on two studies involving 888 women with moderate‐quality evidence, and on the rates of clinical pregnancy (RR, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.18–1.46)), based on 13 studies involving 3641 women with high‐quality evidence. However, when comparing the use of US guidance with clinical touch in studies that used different catheter types, the results suggest that using US guidance during ET has no effect on the rates of reproductive outcome: live birth (RR, 0.99 (95% CI, 0.83–1.19)), based on one study involving 1649 women with moderate‐quality evidence; clinical pregnancy (RR, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.89–1.21)), based on five studies involving 2949 women with moderate‐quality evidence. The estimates for the rate of miscarriage and for the other identified comparisons were imprecise.

Conclusions

The available evidence suggests that there is a benefit of using US guidance during ET. However, both US‐guided transfer and clinical touch should be considered acceptable, as the benefit of US is not large and should be balanced against the increased cost and need to change the catheter type. More studies are required before conclusions can be drawn regarding the effect of other techniques on reproductive outcome. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Simple solutions may still be best: on the selection of working channels in a channel‐hopping cognitive network
Authors: Mišić Vojislav B. , Islam Khan Mohammad Shahnoor , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Khojasteh Haleh , Mišić Jelena
Published: July 2014

Spectrum decision—that is, the selection of a channel for the next hop—is one of the most important factors that affect the performance of a channel‐hopping cognitive network. In this paper, we compare the performance of a number of channel selection algorithms through the probability of collisions with primary user transmissions. The results indicate that a simple histogram‐based selection algorithm performs the best, except in the somewhat unrealistic scenario where primary users are homogeneous with respect to mean period and mean duty cycle of their channel activity, in which case selecting the next‐hop channel among those that have most recently turned idle offers the best performance. Furthermore, histogram‐based selection is shown to be quite resilient to errors inherent to channel sensing and is thus a primary candidate for a wide range of applications of channel‐hopping cognitive networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Theoretical Study, and Luminescence Spectroscopy of A W/Cu/S Cluster with 1, 10‐Phenanthroline
Authors: Chen Aihua , Meng Suci , Zhang Jinfang , Zhang Chi
Published: July 2014

The reaction of [NH4]2WOS3 with Cu(CH3CN)4ClO4 and 1, 10‐phenanthroline(phen) in CH2Cl2 afforded the butterfly‐shaped cluster {[WOS3Cu2(phen)2]·CH2Cl2} (1), which was characterized by elemental analysis, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P$\bar{1}$ [a = 8.3976(17) Å, b = 9.6771(19) Å, c = 18.460(4) Å, α = 89.94(3)°, β = 80.33(3)°, γ = 70.38(3)°, V = 1390.5(5) Å3, and Z = 2]. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex 1 displays pairwise π–π stacking. Density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZf+6‐31G* level were performed on complex 1 to rationalize its experimental absorption spectra. Fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that complex 1 exhibits luminescence in EtOH solution at room temperature.
Use of a stress-minimisation paradigm in high cell density fed-batch Escherichia coli fermentations to optimise recombinant protein production
Authors: Wyre Chris , Overton Tim W
Published: July 2014

Production of recombinant proteins is an industrially important technique in the biopharmaceutical sector. Many recombinant proteins are problematic to generate in a soluble form in bacteria as they readily form insoluble inclusion bodies. Recombinant protein solubility can be enhanced by minimising stress imposed on bacteria through decreasing growth temperature and the rate of recombinant protein production. In this study, we determined whether these stress-minimisation techniques can be successfully applied to industrially relevant high cell density Escherichia coli fermentations generating a recombinant protein prone to forming inclusion bodies, CheY–GFP. Flow cytometry was used as a routine technique to rapidly determine bacterial productivity and physiology at the single cell level, enabling determination of culture heterogeneity. We show that stress minimisation can be applied to high cell density fermentations (up to a dry cell weight of >70 g L−1) using semi-defined media and glucose or glycerol as carbon sources, and using early or late induction of recombinant protein production, to produce high yields (up to 6 g L−1) of aggregation-prone recombinant protein in a soluble form. These results clearly demonstrate that stress minimisation is a viable option for the optimisation of high cell density industrial fermentations for the production of high yields of difficult-to-produce recombinant proteins, and present a workflow for the application of stress-minimisation techniques in a variety of fermentation protocols.
Divergent responses of flagship, keystone and resource‐limited bio‐indicators to forest structure
Authors: Segura Amalia , Castaño‐Santamaría Javier , Laiolo Paola , Obeso José Ramón
Published: July 2014

Bio‐indicators are often proposed to set conservation priorities in forest habitat owing to the difficulties of determining forest intrinsic ecological value. Here, we tested the efficacy of a number of potential bird indicator groups in monitoring beech Fagus sylvatica forest status by analyzing their associations with the spatial and structural variables of forest vegetation that indicate key ecological patterns and processes. The density of cavity nesting birds, indicating the presence of limited forest resources (resource‐limited indicators), was influenced by tree species diversity, vertical species mingling and diameter, parameters reflecting maturity, gap‐dynamic processes, as well as resource and shelter availability. Heterogeneity in shrub species composition, another parameter depending on forest dynamics, was positively associated with the occurrence of Capercaillie, a “flagship” species for forest conservation. The presence of woodpeckers, a “keystone” group that provides shelter and foraging substrate to other organisms, was positively affected by the basal area of standing dead trees that is indirectly associated with natural nutrient availability. These findings suggest that single indicators fail to provide a complete assessment of forest status, and their use in monitoring or managing forest ecosystem need to be contextualized to specific ecological patterns. The combined use of several indicators, representing various taxa, functions and life histories, appears to be preferable, and is logistically feasible if these can be surveyed together. Several indicators would likely display a wider range of sensitivities to the modification of natural processes and permit more comprehensive tracking of forest dynamics than single flagship, keystone or resource‐limited indicators.
Composite Grafting for Pediatric Fingertip Injuries
Authors: Eberlin Kyle R. , Busa Kathleen , Bae Donald S. , Waters Peter M. , Labow Brian I. , Taghinia Amir H.
Published: July 2014

Background

Fingertip injuries are common in the pediatric population. Composite grafting is a frequently used technique for distal amputations in children given the reported success rate. We sought to study the early clinical results of composite grafting for fingertip injuries in the pediatric population.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed over a 5-year period at a tertiary care pediatric hospital to identify those patients who underwent composite grafting of fingertip injuries. Patients were included if they were 18 years old or younger and sustained an injury distal to the distal interphalangeal joint (or thumb interphalangeal joint). Demographic information was recorded. Graft viability was characterized as no take, partial take, or complete take. The number of secondary procedures and number and duration of follow-up appointments were recorded. Hypothesis testing was done using ordinal logistic regression analysis.

Results

Thirty-nine patients underwent fingertip composite grafting. The mean age was 5.9 years (1–18 years); there were 24 males (61.5 %) and 15 females (38.5 %). Thirteen patients had no graft take (33.3 %), 23 patients had partial take (59.0 %), and three patients had complete take (7.7 %). Only four patients underwent secondary revision (10 %). The median number of follow-up appointments was 3 and the average follow-up time was 4.5 months. Age did not appear to have a statistically significant influence on graft take.

Conclusions

Fingertip composite grafts rarely take completely even in young children. Despite poor viability, however, most patients will have at least partial graft take and do not undergo additional reconstructive procedures.
Phospholipase D2 downregulation induces cellular senescence through a reactive oxygen species–p53–p21Cip1/WAF1 pathway
Authors: Lee Young-Hoon , Bae Young-Seuk
Published: July 2014

The expression of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2 were found to decrease at the transcription level during both replicative and premature senescence in human lung fibroblast IMR‐90 cells. Knockdown of PLD2 dramatically induced senescent phenotype in proliferating IMR‐90 cells and wild‐type HCT116 colon cancer cells, whereas this response was nearly abolished in p53‐ or p21Cip1/WAF1‐null HCT116 cells. PLD2 knockdown increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, and p22phox small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced ROS generation and thus suppressed the appearance of senescence markers. Elevated CK2 α subunit (CK2α) expression repressed PLD2 downregulation‐mediated senescence. PLD2 overexpression increased protein kinase CK2 (also known as casein kinase 2) (CK2) activity. Taken together, these results show that PLD2 downregulation causes senescence through the p53–p21Cip1/WAF1 pathway by stimulating ROS production, which is induced by CK2 inhibition.
Characterization of type II thioesterases involved in natamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces chattanoogensis L10
Authors: Wang Yue-Yue , Ran Xin-Xin , Chen Wei-Bin , Liu Shui-Ping , Zhang Xiao-Sheng , Guo Yuan-Yang , Jiang Xin-Hang , Jiang Hui , Li Yong-Quan
Published: July 2014

The known functions of type II thioesterases (TEIIs) in type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) include selecting of starter acyl units, removal of aberrant extender acyl units, releasing of final products, and dehydration of polyketide intermediates. In this study, we characterized two TEIIs (ScnI and PKSIaTEII) from Streptomyces chattanoogensis L10. Deletion of scnI in S. chattanoogensis L10 decreased the natamycin production by about 43%. Both ScnI and PKSIaTEII could remove acyl units from the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) involved in the natamycin biosynthesis. Our results show that the TEII could play important roles in both the initiation step and the elongation steps of a polyketide biosynthesis; the intracellular TEIIs involved in different biosynthetic pathways could complement each other.
PARALLEL DILEMMAS: POLIO TRANSMISSION AND POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Renne Elisha P.
Published: July 2014

Nigeria is one of three countries where polio continues to be endemic. In northern Nigeria, areas with low levels of polio immunization due to persistent parental opposition as well as implementation and infrastructural problems have contributed to wild poliovirus transmission. Furthermore, political violence associated with Islamic groups opposed to the federal government has also hampered the conclusion of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) efforts. This violence, which began in Borno State and has spread to other parts of northern Nigeria, occurs precisely where poliovirus transmission continues. These two related aspects – parallel dilemmas of low immunization and political violence – confound the conclusion of GPEI efforts in Nigeria. This situation also raises ethical questions both about the final stages of eradication efforts and about military actions to contain ongoing violence. The Nigerian government's attempts to suppress opposition to the polio eradication campaign by threatening non-compliant parents with arrest and by closing down media outlets may frighten some parents into compliance but can also breed resentment and resistance, just as military and police activities, such as house-to-house sweeps and widespread arrests, may encourage sympathy for Islamic insurgents. This situation suggests that the possible solution of one problem – the ending of wild poliovirus transmission – depends upon a solution of the other, i.e. the cessation of violent anti-government activities.
TELLING THE TALE OF OSEI BONSU: AN ESSAY ON THE MAKING OF ASANTE ORAL HISTORY
Authors: McCaskie Tom
Published: July 2014

This paper is about the Asante perception and understanding of Asante history as expressed in theapaeor ‘praise songs’ of Asantehene (King of the Asante) Osei Tutu Kwame, known as Osei Bonsu (1804–23). As such, it offers an indigenous portrait of kingship and the expectations and behaviours attaching to it in Asante thought. The core of the paper is centred on the role of Osei Tutu Kwame as a leader in war, against the Fante of the southern Gold Coast in 1806–07 and against the Abron of Gyaman (today in the eastern Côte d'Ivoire) in 1818–19. Both campaigns are interpreted from the point of view of Asante thinking about their own historical goals and understandings, and of the fit and proper role of an Asantehene in such matters. Throughout, extensive oral historical materials are used in conjunction with theapae, and a rich range of European sources are deployed as a counterpoint. The paper's claim to originality is that it offers an Asante view, at once intellectual and ideological, of their own constructions of their past and of the nature of their history as they themselves chose to understand it.
Pea aphid biotype performance on diverseMedicagohost genotypes indicates highly specific virulence and resistance functions
Authors: Kanvil S. , Powell G. , Turnbull C.
Published: July 2014

Aphid–plant interactions depend on genotypes of both organisms, which determine the two-way molecular exchange that leads to compatible or incompatible outcomes. The underlying genes are mostly unknown, making it difficult to predict likelihood of aphid success or host resistance, and hampering crop genetic improvement. Here we screened eight pea aphid clonal genotypes collected from diverse legume hosts, on a species-wide panel ofMedicago truncatula(Mt) genotypes. Aphid virulence was measured by survival, fecundity and growth rate, together with scores for chlorosis and necrosis as host response indicators. Outcomes were highly dependent on the specific aphid–host genotype combinations. Only one Mt line was fully resistant against all clones. Aphid-induced host chlorosis and necrosis varied greatly, but correlated with resistance only in a few combinations. Bi-clustering analysis indicated that all aphid clones could be distinguished by their performance profiles across the host genotypes tested, with each clone being genetically differentiated and potentially representing a distinct biotype. Clones originating fromMedicago sativaranged from highly virulent to almost completely avirulent on bothMedicagospecies, indicating that some were well adapted, whereas others were most likely migrants. Comparisons of closely related pairs of Australian Mt genotypes differing in aphid resistance revealed no enhanced resistance to European pea aphid clones. Based on the extensive variation in pea aphid adaptation even on unfamiliar hosts, most likely reflecting multiple biotype-specific gene-for-gene interactions, we conclude that robust defences require an arsenal of appropriate resistance genes.
Milk metabolites as indicators of mammary gland functions and milk quality
Authors: Silanikove Nissim , Merin Uzi , Shapiro Fira , Leitner Gabriel
Published: July 2014

The assumption, that metabolites derived from the activity of the mammary gland epithelial cells reflect changes in milk secretion and its coagulation properties, was tested in dairy cows. The experiment included cows with uninfected udders and cows with one of the glands infected by different bacteria specie. Analysis were carried at the cow level (including all four glands), or at the gland level. High and significant correlations among the concentrations of lactose, glucose, glucose-6-posphate, milk related respiratory index (the ratio between the concentrations of citrate/lactate+malate in milk) and milk-derived glycolytic index (the ratio between glucose-6-phosphate and glucose in milk) and milk clotting parameters were found. The physiological basis for these relations and their ability to predict the deterioration in milk quality in subclinically infected glands and in glands previously clinically infected with Escherichia coli are discussed.
Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters of fatty acid concentrations in milk fat predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy in New Zealand dairy cattle
Authors: Lopez-Villalobos Nicolas , Spelman Richard J. , Melis Janine , Davis Stephen R. , Berry Sarah D. , Lehnert Klaus , Holroyd Stephen E. , MacGibbon Alastair K.H. , Snell Russell G.
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to estimate heritability and crossbreeding parameters (breed and heterosis effects) of various fatty acid (FA) concentrations in milk fat of New Zealand dairy cattle. For this purpose, calibration equations to predict concentration of each of the most common FAs were derived with partial least squares (PLS) using mid-infrared (MIR) spectral data from milk samples (n=850) collected in the 2003–04 season from 348 second-parity crossbred cows during peak, mid and late lactation. The milk samples produced both, MIR spectral data and concentration of the most common FAs determined using gas chromatography (GC). The concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) between the concentration of a FA determined by GC and the PLS equation ranged from 0·63 to 0·94, suggesting that some prediction equations can be considered to have substantial predictive ability. The PLS calibration equations were then used to predict the concentration of each of the fatty acids in 26 769 milk samples from 7385 cows that were herd-tested during the 2007–08 season. Data were analysed using a single-trait repeatability animal model. Shorter chain FA (16 : 0 and below) were significantly higher (P<0·05) in Jersey cows, while longer chain, including unsaturated longer chain FA were higher in Holstein-Friesian cows. The estimates of heritabilities ranged from 0·17 to 0·41 suggesting that selective breeding could be used to ensure milk fat composition stays aligned to consumer, market and manufacturing needs.
Do large birds experience previously undetected levels of hunting pressure in the forests of Central and West Africa?
Authors: Whytock Robin C. , Buij Ralph , Virani Munir Z. , Morgan Bethan J.
Published: July 2014

The commercial bushmeat trade threatens numerous species in the forests of West and Central Africa. Hunters shoot and trap animals, which are transported to rural and urban markets for sale. Village-based surveys of hunter offtake and surveys of bushmeat markets have shown that mammals and reptiles are affected most, followed by birds. However, hunters also consume some animals in forest camps and these may have been overlooked in surveys that have focused on bushmeat extracted from the forest. A number of studies have used indirect methods, such as hunter diaries, to quantify this additional offtake but results can be difficult to verify. We examined discarded animal remains at 13 semi-permanent hunting camps in the Ebo Forest, Cameroon, over 272 days. Twenty-one species were identified from 49 carcasses, of which birds constituted 55%, mammals 43% and other taxa 2%. The mammals identified were typical of those recorded in previous bushmeat studies but we recorded several species of birds rarely recorded elsewhere. Offtake of bird species increased with mean body mass. We extrapolated our results to the 34 known hunting camps in the Ebo Forest and estimated that a minimum of 97 birds are hunted annually in a catchment area of c. 479 km2. We conclude that some bird species may be hunted more frequently than previous research suggests and this has important conservation implications for larger-bodied species such as raptors and hornbills.
Wer kommt weiter? Vorhersage der Qualifikation zur Internationalen Biologie- und Chemie-Olympiade auf Grundlage des Leistungsmotivations-Modells von Eccles
Authors: Stang Justine , Urhahne Detlef , Nick Sabine , Parchmann Ilka
Published: July 2014

Das Erwartungs-Wert-Modell der Leistungsmotivation von Eccles et al. (1983) wurde eingesetzt, um die Qualifikation von deutschen Teilnehmenden zur 4. Auswahlrunde der Internationalen Biologie- und Chemie-Olympiade (IBO/IChO) vorherzusagen. Konkret sollten die prädiktive Stärke des Eccles-Modells getestet und qualifikationsförderliche Faktoren gefunden werden. Die Teilnehmenden (n IBO = 43, 20 weiblich; n IChO = 44, 11 weiblich) füllten einen Fragebogen zur Messung der Modellvariablen aus und nahmen an einer Intelligenztestung teil. Zur Qualifikation für die vierte Runde absolvierten sie verschiedene fachspezifische Prüfungen. Insgesamt eignete sich das Eccles-Modell gut zur Qualifikationsvorhersage. IChO-Teilnehmende mit einer höheren Erfolgserwartung und IBO-Teilnehmende mit mehr erlebter Langeweile im Schulunterricht qualifizierten sich eher für die vierte Runde. Proximale Modellvariablen erwiesen sich als bessere Prädiktoren als distale Variablen. Die Implikationen der Forschungsergebnisse werden diskutiert.
Bildungssprachliche Anforderungen und Hörverstehen bei Kindern mit deutscher und nicht-deutscher Familiensprache
Authors: Heppt Birgit , Stanat Petra , Dragon Nina , Berendes Karin , Weinert Sabine
Published: July 2014

Ausgehend von theoretischen Überlegungen zum Konzept der Bildungssprache untersucht die vorliegende Studie, ob sich für Kinder mit nicht-deutscher Familiensprache im Vergleich zu Kindern mit deutscher Familiensprache bei der Verarbeitung von Bildungssprache besonders ausgeprägte Leistungsnachteile ergeben. Im Rahmen eines experimentellen Designs bearbeiteten 1053 Grundschülerinnen und Grundschüler unterschiedlicher sprachlicher Herkunft Hörverstehensaufgaben, deren Stimulustexte sich systematisch hinsichtlich bestimmter lexikalischer und grammatischer Merkmale der Bildungssprache unterschieden. Mehrebenenanalytisch zeigte sich, dass die Hörverstehensleistungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler mit nicht-deutscher Familiensprache unabhängig von der sprachlichen Komplexität der Texte geringer waren als die Leistungen der monolingual deutschsprachigen Schülerinnen und Schüler. Jedoch erzielten auch Kinder mit deutschem Sprachhintergrund bei Texten mit einem bildungssprachlich geprägten Wortschatz geringere Leistungen. Differenzielle Effekte bildungssprachlicher Anforderungen auf die Hörverstehensleistungen von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit unterschiedlicher Familiensprache ergaben sich hingegen nicht. Die Relevanz der Befunde für die Konzeptualisierung von Bildungssprache und ihre Erfassung wird diskutiert.
Prevalence and Determinants of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women at Risk Undergoing Abortion in a Swiss Primary Care Setting
Authors: Wesbonk Jana , Chmiel Corinne , Rosemann Thomas , Seidenberg André , Senn Oliver
Published: July 2014

Hintergrund: Schwangerschaftsabbrüche können in der Schweiz auch ambulant in der Hausarztpraxis durchgeführt werden. Daten zur Prävalenz von sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen (STI) bei dieser Patientenpopulation sind nur spärlich vorhanden. Unser Ziel war die Erhebung der Prävalenz und der prädisponierenden Faktoren für sexuell übertragbare Infektion bei Frauen mit erhöhtem Risiko (pathologischer Zervixabstrich), die sich in einer Schweizer Hausarztpraxis einer Abruptio unterzogen. Methode: Querschnittsstudie bei 620 Frauen, die sich in einer Hausarztpraxis in Zürich für eine Abruptio Beratung vorstellten. Im Falle eines pathologischen Zervixabstriches erfolgte zur Abschätzung der STI Prävalenz ein PCR-basierendes Screening bezüglich Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) und Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). Resultate: Bei 585 der 620 Frauen resultierte eine Abruptio. Verfügbar waren 581 (93,7%) Zervixabstriche wovon 272 (46,8%) pathologische Zeichen aufwiesen und demnach als eine Risikokonstellation für STI betrachtet wurden. Unter 192 gescreenten Proben fanden sich 28 STI (14,6%) (95% CI: 10,3–20,3%), vorherrschend waren CT-Infektionen (17 Fälle) gefolgt von MG (9 Fälle) und NG (2 Fälle). Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund waren häufiger von einer STI betroffen (OR 2,63; p=0,037 im Vergleich zu Schweizerinnen). Fazit: Frauen, die sich einer Abruptio in der Praxis unterzogen, zeigten hohe STI-Prävalenz. Patientinnen mit einem Migrationshintergrund scheinen eine vulnerable Untergruppe darzustellen. Bemühungen sind notwendig, damit diese Risikogruppe mit kosteneffizientem Screening und Behandlungskonzepten erreicht werden können.
Über den Beitrag von Tierversuchen zum Verständnis der kardialen Physiologie
Authors: Eckstein Jens
Published: July 2014

Zum Erreichen des heutigen Wissensstandes über die kardiale Elektrophysiologie waren unzählige Entdeckungen und Experimente notwendig. Der Beginn dieser Entdeckungsreise darf in die Zeiten der griechischen Antike und des alten Ägyptens datiert werden. Nachdem zunächst bis in das 17. Jahrhundert vor allem die Anatomie erforscht und die Funktionalität des Blutkreislaufes beschrieben wurde, entwickelte sich zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts das Fachgebiet der kardialen Elektrophysiologie mit grosser Geschwindigkeit fort. Grundlage hierfür waren in den meisten Fällen Tierversuche, die Einblick in die kardiale Erregungsleitung boten und im Weiteren auf den Menschen übertragbar waren. Wir verdanken die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten der modernen Medizin auf diesem Gebiet demnach einer Vielzahl von Menschen und Tieren, die hierfür untersucht wurden und den unzähligen Arbeiten der Forscherinnen und Forscher.
Harmlose blaue Flecken? Gerinnungsstörung trotz normaler INR
Authors: Greuter Ladina , Schöb Manuela , Lehmann Thomas , Diethelm Markus
Published: July 2014

Die Hemmkörperhämophilie ist eine seltene Erkrankung mit hoher Mortalität. Sie wird durch Autoantikörper meist gegen den Gerinnungsfaktor VIII verursacht und ist häufig idiopathisch. Klinisch imponieren Weichteilblutungen. Diagnostisch von Bedeutung ist eine isoliert verlängerte aPTT, niedrige Faktor-VIII-Aktivität und Antikörper gegen den Faktor VIII. Die Therapie besteht einerseits aus einer Gerinnungsaktivierung unter Umgehung des Faktors VIII mittels rekombinantem Faktor VIIa (NovoSeven®) oder aktivierter Prothrombinkomplex (FEIBA®) sowie einer immunsuppressiven Therapie (Kortikosteroide, Cyclophosphamid, Rituximab) zur Elimination des Antikörpers.
Cerebral Vascular Leak in a Mouse Model of Amyloid Neuropathology
Authors: Tanifum Eric A , Starosolski Zbigniew A , Fowler Stephanie W , Jankowsky Joanna L , Annapragada Ananth V
Published: July 2014

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is increasing evidence of blood–brain barrier (BBB) compromise, usually observed as ‘microbleeds’ correlated with amyloid plaque deposition and apoE- ε4 status, raising the possibility of nanotherapeutic delivery. Molecular probes have been used to study neurovascular leak, but this approach does not adequately estimate vascular permeability of nanoparticles. We therefore characterized cerebrovascular leaks in live APP+ transgenic animals using a long circulating ~100 nm nanoparticle computed tomography (CT) contrast agent probe. Active leaks fell into four categories: (1) around the dorsomedial cerebellar artery (DMCA), (2) around other major vessels, (3) nodular leaks in the cerebral cortex, and (4) diffuse leaks. Cortical leaks were uniformly more frequent in the transgenic animals than in age-matched controls. Leaks around vessels other than the DMCA were more frequent in older transgenics compared with younger ones. All other leaks were equally prevalent across genotypes independent of age. Ten days after injection, 4 to 5 μg of the dose was estimated to be present in the brain, roughly a half of which was in locations other than the leaky choroid plexus, and associated with amyloid deposition in older animals. These results suggest that amyloid deposition and age increase delivery of nanoparticle-borne reagents to the brain, in therapeutically relevant amounts.
A Cognitive Rehabilitation Paradigm Effective in Male Rats Lacks Efficacy in Female Rats
Authors: Langdon Kristopher D , Granter-Button Shirley , Harley Carolyn W , Moody-Corbett Frances , Peeling James , Corbett Dale
Published: July 2014

Cognitive dysfunction, as a consequence of dementia, is a significant cause of morbidity lacking efficacious treatment. Females comprise at least half of this demographic but have been vastly underrepresented in preclinical studies. The current study addressed this gap by assessing the protective efficacy of physical exercise and cognitive activity on learning and memory outcomes in a rat model of vascular dementia. Forty ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats (~6 months old) were exposed to either a diet high in saturated fats and refined sugars or standard laboratory chow and underwent either chronic bilateral carotid occlusion or Sham surgery. Learning and memory abilities were evaluated using standard cognitive outcomes over the ensuing 6 months, followed by histologic analyses of hippocampal CA1 neurons. In Experiment 1, we confirmed hypoperfusion-induced cognitive dysfunction using a 2 × 2 (Surgery × Diet) experimental design, without alterations in hippocampal architecture. In Experiment 2, hypoperfused animals were either exposed to alternating days of physical (wheel running) and cognitive activity (modified Hebb–Williams maze) or sedentary housing. In contrast to males, this combination rehabilitation paradigm did not improve cognition or histopathologic outcomes in hypoperfused animals. These findings, highlighting differences between female and male animals, show the necessity of including both sexes in preclinical experimentation.
BMP Signaling Modulation Attenuates Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Formation in a Vertebrate Model
Authors: Walcott Brian P
Published: July 2014

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomalies that carry a high risk of stroke and death. To test potential AVM therapies, a reverse genetics approach was used to model AVMs in zebrafish. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides were used to knockdown activin receptor-like kinase I (alk1), which encodes a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family type I receptor implicated in a subset of human AVMs. Knockdown of alk1 caused a spectrum of morphologic, functional, and molecular defects that resemble those seen in humans with AVMs. It was found that losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, attenuated abnormal blood vessel morphology and systemic manifestations of high-output arteriovenous shunting in vivo. SMAD1 phosphorylation was significantly decreased in alk1 morphants compared with uninjected organisms (0.189 ± 0.0201, 0.429 ± 0.0164, P = 0.0002). After treatment, morphant SMAD1 levels approached uninjected levels (0.326 ± 0.0360, P = 0.0355) and were significantly higher than those seen in the morphant-control group ( P = 0.0294). These data suggest that modulating the BMP signaling pathway with losartan, a drug in widespread clinical use in humans as an antihypertensive, may have the potential to be further evaluated as a therapeutic strategy for patients with AVMs.
Kinetic Interpretation of the Importance of OATP1B3 and MRP2 in Docetaxel‐Induced Hematopoietic Toxicity
Authors: Yamada A , Maeda K , Kiyotani K , Mushiroda T , Nakamura Y , Sugiyama Y
Published: July 2014

Neutropenia is a lethal dose‐limiting toxicity of docetaxel. Our previous report indicated that the prevalence of severe docetaxel‐induced neutropenia is significantly associated with genetic polymorphisms in solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B3 (SLCO1B3) (encoding organic anion–transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3)) and ATP‐binding cassette subfamily C2 (ABCC2) (encoding multidrug‐resistant–associated protein 2 (MRP2)). Therefore, we investigated their significance in docetaxel‐induced neutropenia. In vitro experiments suggested their possible involvement in the hepatic uptake of docetaxel and its efflux from bone marrow cells. To further characterize a quantitative impact of OATP1B3 and MRP2 on neutropenia, we used an in silico simulation of the neutrophil count in docetaxel‐treated subjects with functional changes in OATP1B3 and MRP2 in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model. The clinically reported odds ratios for docetaxel‐induced neutropenia risk were explained by the decreased function of OATP1B3 and MRP2 to 41 and 32%, respectively. These results suggest that reduced activities of OATP1B3 and MRP2 associated with systemic exposure and local accumulation in bone marrow cells, respectively, account for the docetaxel‐induced neutropenia observed clinically.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e126; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.23; published online 23 July 2014
The origins of cyanobactin chemistry and biology
Authors: Jaspars Marcel
Published: July 2014

Publication of the correct structure for ascidiacyclamide, a symmetrical patellamide, led to studies on the application and origins of these ribosomally produced compounds.
Laser desorption with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry for direct surface detection of explosives
Authors: Sabo M. , Malásková M. , Matejčík Š.
Published: July 2014

We present a new highly sensitive technique for the detection of explosives directly from the surface using laser desorption-corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (LD-CD-IMS).
Signal amplification by a self-assembled biosensor system designed on the principle of dockerin–cohesin interactions in a cellulosome complex
Authors: Hyeon Jeong Eun , Kang Dae Hee , Han Sung Ok
Published: July 2014

A self-assembled protein complex based on the principle of a cellulosome system is proposed for a biosensor with high sensitivity due to signal amplification.
Multiple GO-SELEX for efficient screening of flexible aptamers
Authors: Nguyen Van-Thuan , Kwon Young Seop , Kim Jae Hoon , Gu Man Bock
Published: July 2014

We describe a simple, high-speed, high-throughput flexible aptamer screening for a group of small molecules using graphene oxide (simple Multi-GO-SELEX) without immobilizing the targets.
High performance asymmetrical push–pull small molecules end-capped with cyanophenyl for solution-processed solar cells
Authors: Gao Hang , Li Yanqin , Wang Lihui , Ji Changyan , Wang Yue , Tian Wenjing , Yang Xichuan , Yin Lunxiang
Published: July 2014

The novel asymmetrical push–pull small molecule TPATDPPCN end-capped with cyanophenyl exhibits an impressive PCE of 5.94%.
Facile electrochemical co-deposition of a graphene–cobalt nanocomposite for highly efficient water oxidation in alkaline media: direct detection of underlying electron transfer reactions under catalytic turnover conditions
Authors: Guo Si-Xuan , Liu Yuping , Bond Alan M. , Zhang Jie , Esakki Karthik P. , Maheshwaran I. , Senthil Kumar S. , Phani K. L. N.
Published: July 2014

Graphene–cobalt nanocomposite modified electrodes fabricated using a facile electrochemical co-deposition method exhibit high water oxidation efficiency in alkaline media.
Molecular interactions with CO2 for controlling the regioselectivity of liquid phase hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitroaniline
Authors: Yoshida Hiroshi , Tomizawa Akitoshi , Tachikawa Hiroto , Fujita Shin-ichiro , Arai Masahiko
Published: July 2014

Controlling of the product selectivity in liquid phase reaction by action of dissolved CO2 promoter molecules.
Sodium uptake in cell construction and subsequent in operando electrode behaviour of Prussian blue analogues, Fe[Fe(CN)6]1−x·yH2O and FeCo(CN)6
Authors: Pramudita James C. , Schmid Siegbert , Godfrey Thomas , Whittle Thomas , Alam Moshiul , Hanley Tracey , Brand Helen E. A. , Sharma Neeraj
Published: July 2014

The evolution of sodium site occupancies and lattice of Prussian blue analogue frameworks during sodium-ion battery function.
An organic hydrophilic dye for water-based dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Leandri V. , Ellis H. , Gabrielsson E. , Sun L. , Boschloo G. , Hagfeldt A.
Published: July 2014

We report a very simple and environmentally friendly water-based DSSC. The innovative approach presented yielded 3% PCE by avoiding surfactants and additives in the electrolyte solution.
Photoinduced desorption of CO from rutile TiO2: elucidation of a new desorption mechanism using first principles
Authors: Spieker Hendrik , Klüner Thorsten
Published: July 2014

A quantum chemical and quantum dynamical study of CO photodesorption from a rutile(110) surface.
Photon upconversion in core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Xian , Peng Denfeng , Ju Qiang , Wang Feng
Published: July 2014

This tutorial review highlights recent advances in the development of upconversion core–shell nanoparticles to cater for biological and energy applications.
Selective hydrogenation of phenol and related derivatives
Authors: Zhong Jiawei , Chen Jinzhu , Chen Limin
Published: July 2014

The selective hydrogenation of phenol and related derivatives to the corresponding cycloketones requires rationally designed catalysts, which have attracted significant attention.
New multicomponent catalysts for the selective aerobic oxidative condensation of benzylamine to N-benzylidenebenzylamine
Authors: Opriş C. M. , Pavel O. D. , Moragues A. , El Haskourib J. , Beltrán D. , Amorós P. , Marcos M. D. , Stoflea L. E. , Parvulescu V. I.
Published: July 2014

Nano-oxide domains partially embedded inside the UVM-7 silica walls act as excellent support for Au in the oxidative condensation of benzylamine.
Environmentally responsible fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells from recycled car batteries
Authors: Chen Po-Yen , Qi Jifa , Klug Matthew T. , Dang Xiangnan , Hammond Paula T. , Belcher Angela M.
Published: July 2014

This report presents a process to fabricate perovskite hybrid solar cells in an environmentally responsible fashion by recycling lead materials from spent car batteries.
Surface termination and subsurface restructuring of perovskite-based solid oxide electrode materials
Authors: Druce J. , Téllez H. , Burriel M. , Sharp M. D. , Fawcett L. J. , Cook S. N. , McPhail D. S. , Ishihara T. , Brongersma H. H. , Kilner J. A.
Published: July 2014

The surface and near-surface composition in perovskite-based electroceramics is analysed at the atomic scale using highly surface sensitive low-energy ion scattering (LEIS).
Assessment of arsenic availability in soils using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique—a comparison study of DGT and classic extraction methods
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Bai Lingyu , Zeng Xibai , Su Shiming , Wang Yanan , Wu Cuixia
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of available As measurement in soils using DGT and to shed further light on the risk evaluation of As-contaminated soils.
Osthol and curcumin as inhibitors of human Pgp and multidrug efflux pumps of Staphylococcus aureus: reversing the resistance against frontline antibacterial drugs
Authors: Joshi Prashant , Singh Samsher , Wani Abubakar , Sharma Sadhana , Jain Shreyans K. , Singh Baljinder , Gupta Bishan D. , Satti Naresh K. , Koul Surrinder , Khan Inshad A. , Kumar Ajay , Bharate Sandip B. , Vishwakarma Ram A.
Published: July 2014

Curcumin and osthol are identified as NorA pump inhibitors.
Stable graphite exfoliation by fullerenol intercalation via aqueous route
Authors: Kumar Rachana , Kumar Pramod , Naqvi Samya , Gupta Neha , Saxena Niharika , Gaur Jitendra , Maurya Jitendra K. , Chand Suresh
Published: July 2014

A promising and mild methodology for the preparation of stable exfoliated graphite has been demonstrated by insertion of water-soluble fullerenol molecules, providing less chemically defected (ruptured C-framework) few-layered graphene.
Arrays of nanorods composed of ZnO nanodots exhibiting enhanced UV emission and stability
Authors: Yin Y. , Sun Y. , Yu M. , Liu X. , Yang B. , Liu D. , Liu S. , Cao W. , Ashfold Michael N. R.
Published: July 2014

A novel one-step coating and assembly approach was employed to fabricate well-defined ZnO nanodot/SiO2 nanorod arrays, which exhibit much enhanced UV emission efficiencies and excellent stability.
Direct chemical synthesis of L10-FePtAu nanoparticles with high coercivity
Authors: Yu Yongsheng , Mukherjee P. , Tian Yuan , Li X.-Z. , Shield J. E. , Sellmyer D. J.
Published: July 2014

We report a facile synthesis of hard magnetic L10-FePtAu nanoparticles by coreduction of Fe(acac)3, Pt(acac)2 (acac = acetylacetonate) and gold acetate in oleylamine.
Facile fabrication of ultrathin antibacterial hydrogel films via layer-by-layer “click” chemistry
Authors: Wang Huan , Zha Guangyu , Du Hong , Gao Lilong , Li Xiaodong , Shen Zhiquan , Zhu Weipu
Published: July 2014

Ultrathin antibacterial hydrogel films were prepared via layer-by-layer “click” chemistry.
Fabrication, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of reduced graphene oxide-reinforced nanofiber mats
Authors: Jin Lin , Yue Dan , Xu Zhe-Wu , Liang Guobin , Zhang Yilei , Zhang Jian-Fu , Zhang Xingcai , Wang Zhenling
Published: July 2014

Graphene-based nanofibers with superior electrical and mechanical properties have been developed for application in tissue engineering.
Pyrene pyridine-conjugate as Ag selective fluorescent chemosensor
Authors: Velmurugan K. , Raman A. , Easwaramoorthi S. , Nandhakumar R.
Published: July 2014

A new pyrene pyridine conjugate (PPC) has been developed as a selective fluorescent sensor for Ag+ion.
Carbon dots as nanoantennas for anti-inflammatory drug analysis using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in serum
Authors: Gedda Gangaraju , Pandey Sunil , Bhaisare Mukesh Lavkush , Wu Hui-Fen
Published: July 2014

C-dots assisted LDI MS method has been developed for the detection of Mefenamic acid in serum.
Wonderful nanoconfinement effect on redox reaction equilibrium
Authors: Patra Sabyasachi , Pandey Ashok K. , Sarkar Sudip K. , Goswami A.
Published: July 2014

Redox reactions have been found to be favoured with nanoscale confinement of solid matrices. Softening of reaction conditions as well as enhancement of reaction kinetics in confined nanospaces has been demonstrated.
A ZIF-8-based platform for the rapid and highly sensitive detection of indoor formaldehyde
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Li Xiaojing , Li Wanze , Wang Peng , Chen Shuo , Quan Xie
Published: July 2014

A rapid and highly sensitive ZIF-8-based sensor based on the specific interaction between guest and host frameworks is presented.
High-performance hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis by layer-controlled MoS2 nanosheets
Authors: Deng Jiao , Yuan Wentao , Ren Pengju , Wang Yong , Deng Dehui , Zhang Ze , Bao Xinhe
Published: July 2014

Layer-controlled MoS2 nanosheets, directly prepared through a facile and scalable chemical method, exhibit a significant layer number effect on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Enhancing-effect of gold nanoparticles on DNA strand displacement amplifications and their application to an isothermal telomerase assay
Authors: Tian Leilei , Cronin Timothy M. , Weizmann Yossi
Published: July 2014

AuNPs take the reliability of a typical isothermal DNA amplification assay to a new level of accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity.
Oxygen chemisorption/desorption in a reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation
Authors: Sundberg Jonas , Cameron Lisa J. , Southon Peter D. , Kepert Cameron J. , McKenzie Christine J.
Published: July 2014

A compound that can reversibly chemisorb O2 in the solid phase undergoes several consecutive single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations involving the cleavage of four bonds and the creation of four new bonds, in one single molecule.
Fine structures of self-assembled beta-cyclodextrin/Pluronic in dilute and dense systems: a small angle X-ray scattering study
Authors: Shih Kuo-Chih , Li Chi-Yen , Li Wen-Hsien , Lai Hsi-Mei
Published: July 2014

The evolution of the fine structures of self-assembled polypseudorotaxane (PPR) in Pluronic (PL F108) solutions containing dilute to dense beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was illustrated for the first time by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).
Thermal transitions in hydrated layer-by-layer assemblies observed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Sung Choonghyun , Hearn Katelin , Lutkenhaus Jodie
Published: July 2014

Layer-by-layer assemblies exhibit increased conductivity and decreased charge transfer resistance upon heating through the thermal transition.
Controlled synthesis of pentachlorophenol-imprinted polymers on the surface of magnetic graphene oxide for highly selective adsorption
Authors: Pan Sheng-Dong , Shen Hao-Yu , Zhou Li-Xin , Chen Xiao-Hong , Zhao Yong-Gang , Cai Mei-Qiang , Jin Mi-Cong
Published: July 2014

A novel, magnetic GO-modified with molecularly imprinted polymer (MGO@MIP) was controllably synthesized and shown to exhibit excellent adsorption performance towards PCP.
A study of a fluorine substituted phenyl based complex as a 3 V electrolyte for Mg batteries
Authors: Lv Dongping , Tang Duihai , Duan Yuhua , Gordin Mikhail L. , Dai Fang , Zhu Pengyu , Song Jiangxuan , Manivannan Ayyakkannu , Wang Donghai
Published: July 2014

A stable 3 V Mg battery electrolyte with high efficiency for Mg deposition/dissolution was prepared based on the reaction between fluorine substituted complex 4-F-PhMgBr and AlCl3 in THF solvent.
Crack-free 2D-inverse opal anatase TiO2 films on rigid and flexible transparent conducting substrates: low temperature large area fabrication and electrochromic properties
Authors: Li Hua , Vienneau Guillaume , Jones Martin , Subramanian Balaji , Robichaud Jacques , Djaoued Yahia
Published: July 2014

A ‘dynamic-hard-template’ strategy is developed for large-area crack-free synthesis of 2D anatase TiO2 inverse opal film on rigid and flexible ITO substrates by using PS templates.
Resource‐efficient transmission for report channel in cooperative spectrum sensing
Authors: Lim Chang Heon
Published: July 2014

For cooperative spectrum sensing, multiple secondary users are required to deliver their local decisions to a fusion centre through a report channel. A resource‐efficient transmission technique for the report channel is presented, which can significantly reduce the time or frequency resource needed for transmission by simultaneously transmitting the local decisions.