bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Öko-Controlling Von der Ökobilanz zum Führungs-instrument
Authors: Sturm Andreas
Published: March 2017

Eco-Controlling is a management tool based on the concept of a material and energy flow accounting. It is an instrument of precise and continuous formulation of targets, progress review, analysis of deviations and reformulation of new targets. It's aim is to provide the management with
the information it needs in order to integrate environmental and economic targets in future business – in other words, to achieve a high level of so-called eco-efficiency (added value per added pollution). To implement an integrated Eco-Controlling the following steps have to be
taken: Step 1: Definition of an account framework and the management accounting system. With this accounting framework the energy and material data are collected. Step 2: Allocation of the collected energy and material flow data to cost centers (processes) and cost carriers (products).
Step 3: Because emissions have different environmental impacts they have to be weighted. There are several methods for weighting the environmental harmfulness of economic activities. One either uses performance indicators, such as “tons CO2 per $ added value”,
or classification models, which try to make the environmental impact of different pollutants comparable. Step 4: In order to achieve a higher eco-efficiency, the production-, investment- and sales-planes have to be brought in line with the environmental strategy. Step 5: The strategy
can only be successfully implemented, if the management incentive systems are adapted to the new requirements of eco-efficiency. Benchmarking, meaning comparing the company's environmental management systems with the best management practice, can give valuable insights. Eco-Controlling
is a decision-supporting tool which closely links the environmental with the financial performance of a company. It is a prerequisite for strategic planning, environmental reporting, and it is an essential element of the recently adopted European Community eco-audit scheme.
Mensch und Tier im Recht – Ansätze zu einer Annäherung
Authors: Goetschel Antoine F.
Published: March 2017

Man and Animal in Legislation – An Approach. Animal welfare is a very important part of the ethical fundamental order of a society. The main features of the laws concerning animal welfare are discussed, considering the deficiencies of their execution in Switzerland
and Germany. In this survey we consider the actual political effort at changing the Swiss laws to the effect that animals will no longer be regarded as objects. Of late, the Swiss constitution protects the “dignity of creatures”. This is discussed above all in the context
of genetical engineering with animals and plants. The question whether animals (should) have rights is followed by a description of participation and litigation rights of animal protection groups in Switzerland. Recently, this important demand has got carried through indirectly in the canton
of Zurich.
Discourses of Alternate Realities – Alternate Discourses of Reality
Authors: Isernhagen Hartwig
Published: March 2017

The essay discusses the impulse to transcend the limitations of self-validating reality-fictions that manifests itself both in modernist literature and the (1960s) drug culture. It does so by historicizing the scientific and general interest in LSD and other hallucinogens within
the context of twentieth century concerns with the limits and the built-in limitations of western civilization. Taking a close look at some of the central texts in the history of the absorption of knowledge about hallucinogens by the scientific and larger communities, it hopes to show that
this interest itself is almost necessarily transcultural and transdisciplinary in character. It develops from this evidence a twofold thesis: that the pervasive violation of academic decorum found in such texts points to a persistent cultural need or desire, and that it constitutes a concrete
appeal to the scientific community to establish a rhetoric of pervasive (auto-)scepticism and something like a pragmatics of science.
The Trade-Off between Phosphorus Recycling and Health Protection during the BSE Crisis in Switzerland. A "Disposal Dilemma"
Authors: Lamprecht Heinz , Lang Daniel J. , Binder Claudia R. , Scholz Roland W.
Published: March 2017

Phosphorus (P) is an essential, finite resource whose geological, economic, and geopolitical accessibility may become critical in the future. Because P losses from agriculture, sewage and waste have serious environmental impacts such as eutrophication, it would be desirable to close
P cycles. However, there may arise dilemmas due to trade-offs with other issues. For instance, recycling of animal bones – containing relatively high amounts of P – was prohibited in Switzerland after the BSE crisis (1989 to 2000) due to perceived health risks. Our analysis indicates
that the greatest potentials for closing the P cycle in Switzerland are to reduce P losses in agriculture and to increase P recovery from sewage and waste. Whereas in agriculture significant improvements have been made, the disposal dilemma of animal bones led to diminishing amounts of P being
recycled from waste. Based on their risk perception, the involved stakeholders prioritized preventing potential harm to (human) health over maximizing P recycling.
Die Zürcher Schule für aufgeklärte Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Schneidewind Uwe , Smrekar Otto
Published: March 2017

Transdisziplinarität sucht mögliche Lösungen für komplexe gesellschaftliche Proble me. Dafür bricht sie disziplinäre Engsicht auf und bringt außerwissenschaftliche Perspektiven ein. Sie übt Wissens kultur in Forschung und Praxis, die in
der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft einen Vorreiter gefunden hat: die environmental literacy, die uns vom Wissen zum Entscheiden leitet.
Promoting Transformation Knowledge Transformatives Wissen schaffen NaWis-Veranstaltungen im Wissenschaftsjahr 2012
Authors: Singer-Brodowski Mandy , Schneidewind Uwe
Published: March 2017

Die NaWis-Runde diskutiert im Wissenschaftsjahr 2012 Zukunftsprojekt ERDE in einer Veranstaltungsreihe, vor welchen Herausforderungen das Wissenschafts system steht.
Towards a More Sustainable Use of Scarce MetalsA Review of Intervention Options along the Metals Life Cycle
Authors: Wäger Patrick A. , Lang Daniel J. , Wittmer Dominic , Bleischwitz Raimund , Hagelüken Christian
Published: March 2017

In the past few decades, geochemically scarce metals have become increasingly relevant for emerging technologies in domains such as energy supply and storage, information and communication, lighting or transportation, which are regarded as cornerstones in the transition towards a sustainable
post-fossil society. Accordingly, the supply risks of scarce metals and possible interventions towards their more sustainable use have been subject to an intense debate in recent studies. In this article, we integrate proposed intervention options into a generic life cycle framework, taking
into account issues related to knowledge provision and to the institutional setting. As a result, we obtain a landscape of intervention fields that will have to be further specified to more specific intervention profiles for scarce metals or metals families. The envisioned profiles are expected
to have the potential to reduce action contingency and to contribute to meeting the sustainability claims often associated with emerging technologies.
Veränderungsfähigkeit lernen: Initiative für eine Schule zur Kunst des WandelsThe Art of Change-Ability: Towards a New School of Responsible Change
Authors: Heinecke Hans Jürgen , Kristof Kora , Pfriem Reinhard , Smrekar Otto , Stark Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

Ressourcenleicht, immissionsneutral und gerecht – das sind die Ziele der anstehenden großen Veränderungen, wenn wir die Belastungsgrenzen des Systems Erde, das Wohlergehen aller Menschen und die Idee einer globalen und generationenübergreifen den Gerechtigkeit
ernst nehmen. Wir wissen viel darüber, was sich ändern soll. Allein, die Veränderun gen in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit kommen nicht schnell genug voran. Deswegen müssen wir uns intensiver mit den Wegen für einen erfolgreichen Wandel beschäftigen.
Wirtschaftskrise als Chance für eine nachhaltige Ökonomie - Liefert die Humanökologie tragfähige Konzepte?The Economic Crisis as an Opportunity for a Sustainable Economy
Authors: Hofmann Markus
Published: March 2017

Bei ihrer Jahrestagung 2013 wird die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Human ökologie darüber diskutieren, welche Lösungen die Human ökologie für eine vorsorgende Ökonomie anbieten kann. So werden Perspektiven für eine Postwachstumsgesellschaft sowie
die Chancen und Grenzen einer green economy aufgezeigt.
Für eine große Transformation in der Wissenschaft Fazit des Wissenschaftsjahrs 2012A Plea for a Great Transformation in the Sciences
Authors: Singer-Brodowski Mandy
Published: March 2017

Das Wissenschaftsjahr 2012 Zukunftsprojekt ERDE hat Bewegung in die Debatte über Bedin gungen, Chancen und Hindernisse für eine Wissenschaft für Nachhaltigkeit gebracht.
Wissenschaft für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung braucht eine kritische OrientierungSustainability Science Requires a Critical Orientation
Authors: Jahn Thomas
Published: March 2017

Die Wissenschaft steht unter Druck. In Zeiten, in denen es um nichts Geringeres geht als um die Transforma tion hin zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, fordern Gesellschaft und Politik von ihr nicht nur gesichertes, sondern vor allem anwendbares Wissen. Um solches Wissen erzeugen zu
können, muss die Wissenschaft ihre Strukturen und Arbeitsformen verändern. Ein erneuer tes Verständnis von Kritik kann Orientierung in diesem von der Wissenschaft aktiv zu gestaltenden Veränderungs prozess bieten.
Klimapolitik nach Doha – Hindernisse in Lösungen verwandelnClimate Policy after Doha: Turning Obstacles into Solutions
Authors: Radermacher Franz Josef
Published: March 2017

Die internationale Klimapolitik braucht eine neue Strategie, da sich die Verhandlungspartner bislang nicht auf einen globalen Klimavertrag einigen konnten, der den maximalen Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen regelt. Nach wie vor müssen Emissionsrechte weltweit gedeckelt werden, doch die Höhe des ,,Deckels“ (cap) sollen die Länder zukünftig freiwillig bestimmen können und dynamisch anpassen. Zudem müssen verstärkt finanzstarke private Akteure eingebunden werden, damit auch Maßnahmen finanziert werden können, die CO2 der Atmosphäre entziehen. Mit dieser Doppelstrategie könnten die Klimaverhandlungen wieder Fahrt aufnehmen.
Der Markt kann die Verantwortung für die Energie wende nicht übernehmenPlädoyer für eine zielführende EnergieeffizienzpolitikThe Energy Market Can't Accept Responsibility for the German Energy Transition. A Plea for a Constructive Energy Efficiency Policy
Authors: Hennicke Peter
Published: March 2017

Die deutsche Energiewende ist eingeleitet, doch droht das Projekt ins Stocken zu geraten, wenn die Zuständigkei ten nicht geklärt werden. Da der Energiemarkt allein den Umbau der Energieversorgung nicht stemmen kann, ist die Politik gefordert. Neben dem weiteren Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien gilt es, Energie effizienzmaßnahmen zu forcieren und das Potenzial des Energiesparens auszuschöp fen. Energie anbieter müssen verpflichtet werden, bei der Zielerfül lung eine konstruktivere Rolle zu spielen als bisher.
Homo sapiens sapiens, the Third Chimpanzee, on the Brink of Extinction?
Authors: Diamond Jared
Published: March 2017

Small genetic differences between species can have large effects on ecosystems; the best example of this is the human species. Though genetically more than 98 per cent identical to its nearest relative, the chimpanzee, it differs significantly in its capacity to modify its habitats
according to its own interests. The shaping of nature has allowed the human species to expand at an unprecedented rate, at the cost of many other species. Now, at the end of this millennium, the limits of this process are becoming evident. Will the human species be able to cope
with the increasing demographic pressure without destroying its own basis of subsistence, or is our species doomed to extinction? Can we learn from past societies how to use natural resources in a sustainable way and thereby impede an ecological catastrophy? Jared M. Diamond, a well-known
ecologist and expert on birds of New Guinea, professor of physiology at the University of Califomia Medical School in Los Angeles, elaborates on the importance of anthropology and ethnology to learn from the experiences of ancestral societies so as to avoid a repetition of past errors. Contrary
to widespread belief, human-made extinctions are not a phenomenon confined to industrialized societies; the big mammal extinctions at the end of the Ice Age 11000 years ago reveal that the problem is much older. But unlike other species, human beings can reflect on their actions and correct
mistakes in order to prevent their own destruction. New technologies – in our Western societies often praised as a panacea to solve our fundamental problems – should play only a minor role in this process; of major importance will be the implementation of social education,
public health and the consolidation of demoeratic participatory structures.
Sommersmog aus der Sicht der Atmosphärenchemie
Authors: Staehelin Johannes , Dommen Josef
Published: March 2017

The objective of the Swiss resarch project POLLUMET (POLLUtion and METeorology) is to investigate the formation and transport of photooxidants over the Swiss Plateau and in the surrounding pre-Alpine valleys. Extensive meteorological and air chemistry measurements were obtained during
three intensive field studies conducted in the month of July of the years 1990, 1991 and 1993. The study included ground-based measurements, observations from instrumented aircraft, measurements taken with radiosondes, radars and other surface and airborne instruments. The comprehensive
database is aimed to provide the information needed for the application of photochemical models and their evaluation and refinement. In order to better understand the photochemical processes which control ozone formation over the Swiss Plateau, calculations with the Harvard Photochemical
Model and the Harwell Photochemical Trajectory Model were conducted and compared with experimental data. Reduction scenarios performed with both models yield in one case a NOx-limited situation for rural areas, whereas the other model predicts a transition type situation.
Hydrogen peroxide was used as an indicator to study the performance of the photochemical models. Combining measurements of ozone, NO2 and hydrogen peroxide indicates that ozone in rural areas might be reduced most effectively by NOx controls. The model results
indicate, that in Switzerland emissions have to be reduced by a large amount to achieve a substantial reduction in peak values of surface ozone.
Technikfolgen-Abschätzung der Gentechnologie Auf dem Wege zu einem rationalen Diskurs
Authors: Küng Valentin , Käppeli Othmar
Published: March 2017

The aim of technology assessment (TA) is the extensive examination of a new technology in order to estimate the impacts of applications and further developments. In the United States of America the Office for Technology Assessment (OTA) was founded in 1973 to support the legislative
in its decision-making on science and technology policy. Institutions for technology assessment which are linked to the the legislative or the executive are also realized in Europe. An increasing number of private institutions or universities are performing technology assessment or
research particularly on technology impacts which are relevant for legislation and decisions in technology policy. However the institutional link between technology impact research and the process of the political decision-making needs to be optimized. A new form of TA which allows
the participation of the public in the technology debate is realized in Denmark by the consensus conferences. Equally, the so-called participative TA-procedure allows the integration of scientific and political argumention for technology assessment. In this report aims and approaches
of technology assessment are characterized. Reasons for the controversy about gene technology and the approach to a rational debate outlined by TA are discussed. The clear distinction between the impacts of a technology and the goals of its application is required. Then it can be derived
which technical alternative is optimal to reach the societal aims. The methods of TA have to be further developed. Because TA offers the frame for a technology debate, which combines scientific and democratic principles in the desicion-making, it may become an important tool to link science,
society and politics.
»Technologies compete, not fuels«
Authors: Winter Carl-Jochen
Published: March 2017

Anfang November 1994 wurde der Präsidentin des Deutschen Bundestages der Abschlußbericht der Enquete-Kommission “Schutz der Erdatmosphäre” übergeben. Er hat drei Teile: (1) Mobilität und Klima; (2) Schutz der Grünen Erde: Klimaschutz durch
umweltgerechte Landwirtschaft und Erhalt der Wälder; (3) Mehr Zukunft für die Erde: Nachhaltige Energiepolitik für dauerhaften Klimaschutz [Bundestagsdrucksache 12/8600, 1994]. Im folgenden wird aus den Handlungsempfehlungen “Energie, Klima, Markt” des dritten Teils
an Parlament und Bundesregierung berichtet; sie wurden von den Koalitionsfraktionen als Mehrheitsvotum verabschiedet. Ein Bericht über die Handlungsempfehlungen der Oppositionsfraktion wird in dieser Rubrik von GAIA folgen.
Pragmatische Visionen für die Allgemeine Ökologie Wie lassen sich divergierende Erwartungen auf (k)einen Nenner bringen?
Authors: Kaufmann-Hayoz Ruth , Defila Rico
Published: March 2017

Eine ganztägige öffentliche Veranstaltung zum Thema “Allgemeine Ökologie 1984–1994–2004” im Frühjahr an der Universität Bem bot Gelegenheit, auf die Entwicklung und Umsetzung einer ldee zurückzublicken, Zwischenbilanz zu ziehen
und die Perspektiven zu umreißen. Der Schlußvortrag von Ruth Kaufmann-Hayoz liefert den Ausgangspunkt für diese Zusammenschau:
Die Einheit und Unvereinbarkeit von Ökologie und Ökonomie
Authors: Manstetten Reiner
Published: March 2017

This essay tries to clarify the conflict between economists and ecologists. In addition, it contains warnings against simple solutions. To start with, two concepts of economics are contrasted. Aristotle's holistic (ganzheitlich) approach stresses the necessity of restricting wants and
needs on the basis of natural measures in the context of self-sustaining societies. Adam Smit's individualistic approach emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and its creative potential for economic growth. Further, two concepts of ecology are contrasted. For a scientific and value-free
understanding, there does not exist a conflict between the economy and the ecology, even if the human species is extinguished. The awareness of this conflict implies a rather non-scientific, holistic understanding of ecology with mystical implications. Finally it is argued that terms as "ecologically
orientated market economy" imply that the individualistic perspective, based on an unlimited "pursuit of happiness" may easily be integrated in a holistic framework. This is contrasted with the idea, that integration of the economy into the eco-system is possible only if human freedom develops
in radical new directions.
Auf dem Weg zu einer ökologischen Stoffwirtschaft Teil II: Die Rolle einer ganzheitlichen Produktpolitik
Authors: Hiessl Harald , Meyer-Krahmer Frieder , Schön Michael
Published: March 2017

The realization of a sustainable economy requires a new industrial framework which consists of three elements: (1) The introduction and utilization of environmental technologies; (2) The closing of material cycles; (3) A holistic product policy. The first element has
already been widely adopted in industry, while the second element is gradually being introduced. The third element is the final goal of a sustainable society and is currently the focus of much research. Companies in the industrial nations will be increasingly forced to take on not only
the hitherto external costs of production, but also the external costs of products after their useful life. To this end, different strategies can be distinguished: Production of more durable goods; extension of the effective life or serviceable life of products and product components through
reuse, repair, and re-manufacturing; production of multifunctional goods; source reduction of wastes and the recycling of materials. Other strategies include selling the use of the product instead of the product itself or product sharing. These strategies can induce changes in economic
structures such as the substitution of centralized manufacturing through decentralized maintenance services, product liability for the entire product life cycle as well as the trend towards a more service-oriented economy. The different strategies have to be valuated according to their environmental,
economic, and legal consequences. In this article, the possible environmental effects of these strategies during the different phases of the product life cycle are described and discussed in detail. A case study involving remanufacturing of automobiles illustrates the approach described.
Preliminary results indicate that combination of increased product durability, an intensified product use, and product modernization are most promising.
On the Origin of Genetic Diversity
Authors: Weber Marcel , Blot Michel , Arber Werner
Published: March 2017

The organic diversity found in nature today is ultimately a consequence of a continuous cycle of building up genetic diversity, which is subsequently channeled by natural selection, chance events, and by geographic or other modes of speciation. Whereas modern evolutionary theory provides
detailed explanations of the mechanisms channeling genetic diversity, little is known on the evolutionary forces responsible for the presence and the properties of processes that create genetic diversity. Conventionally, genetic diversity is viewed as the outcome of mutation mechanisms
that are not themselves optimized by natural selection. In contrast, a great number of hypotheses are available on the adaptive significance of meiosis, sex and general genetic recombination in eukaryotes, which are mechanisms for the “management” of genetic diversity, but
not for its production. In this contribution, we argue that bacteria have evolved elaborate mechanisms for the production of genetic diversity. These mechanisms could themselves be subject to adaptation by natural selection. A selection mechanism termed second-order selection is discussed
which could account for the abundance of genes that cause random DNA sequence variation in bacteria.
Eingestaubte Zeiten Zur Produktivität diskriminierter Zeitformen
Authors: Geißler Karlheinz A.
Published: March 2017

Dem Gleichmaß der chronometrischen Zeit entgehen Zeitformen, die nicht in dieses Raster passen. Sie sind daher nicht "in ", aber bedeutsam für eine "Ökologie der Zeit".
Grün geben statt rot sehen – Evaluation in einem fächerübergreifenden Lehrprogramm
Authors: Vonmont Pascale , Egger Philipp
Published: March 2017

Evaluation ist ein Reizwort. Was in Privatwirtschaft und öffentlicher Verwaltung gang und gäbe ist, stößt in der Uni oft auf Ablehnung. Warum nicht grün geben, statt rot sehen? Die Stiftung Mensch–Gesellschaft–Umlvelt hat in ihrem interfakultären
Lehrprogramm an der Universität Basel die obligatorische studentische Lehrevaluation eingeführt. Die Erfahrungen damit sind positiv.
System-Modelle und Simulations-Programme im Umweltmanagement – Eine kritische Analyse zum Stand der Technik
Authors: Bader Hans-Peter , Baccini Peter
Published: March 2017

Environmental management has become a popular notion to describe the sum of strategies and of control measures of an organizational entity (a private enterprise or a public organization) to reach a state of activities which can be qualified as “compatible with the environment”.
Within the last two decades a growing number of methods have been developed to be applied in the evaluation of the environmental management. They all focus on quality goals for certain aspects of the environment. In all cases more or less scientific concepts and models are used to quality
and quantify the metabolic processes generated by man. In addition an exponentially growing number of computer programs are offered on the market to support the process of environmental management. These programs can be divided into two main groups. One group is restricted to data simulation.
The other focuses on system simulation. In this context environmental management asks for a scientifically well founded understanding of anthropogenic systems, connected to geogenic systems. It is explained why very sophisticated data simulation programs cannot contribute to a better system
understanding. However they serve as essential complementary tools to the systems models. It is shown, exemplified with the material flux analysis, how the system approach can be applied in a very broad spectra of environmental management problems.
Technologies Turn the Balance - On Energies-of-Change
Authors: Winter Carl-Jochen
Published: March 2017

Energy for human needs is energy services, and energy services is two things: primary energy raw materials and conversion technologies for energy and matter. For solar energies operational primary energy raw materials are entirely lacking. What counts is only technologies for the linkwise
exergetically efficient and environmentally responsible energy conv'9rsion along the energy conversion chain in its full length: 'Technologies compete, not fuels!" This is the prevalent criterion in the Second Solar Civilization. These reflections look for energy technologies-at-change
typical for that civilization and dissimilarto those known and in operation in the fossil energyera. To give an indication, for the direct photo voltaic conversion of sOl'ar light into electricity the invention of the semiconductor was preconditionaJ. Or, for pollution-free total energy conversion
the fuel cell is imperative. Are there comparable potential breakthroughs in the pipeline in other areas such as solar chemistry, non-Carnotian electrochemical conversion, or exergy optimization of energy conversion in general? Examples will be given. Favoring or hindering conditions for the
development will be described, and lead-times will be outlined.
Grenzen ökonomischer Anreize für Umweltgemeingüter
Authors: Ostmann Axel
Published: March 2017

Was tun, wenn es dem einzelnen vorteilhaft erscheint, sich "unökologisch" oder generell "rücksichtslos" zu verhalten? Soll man nicht mit Überwachung und Strafen nachhelfen, damit die "Gerechten und Treuen" nicht mehr die "Dummen" sind? Sind härtere Strafen nicht
effektiver, weil dann kaum noch jemand "Anreiz" hat, gegen die Norm zu verstoßen? Aus Erfahrung dürften wir alle wissen, daß es nicht so einfach ist; daß Menschen sich in ihrem Handeln nicht nur von den "Anreizen" bestimmen lassen. Im folgenden werden Szenarios votgestellt,
anhand derer sich exemplarisch die Effizienz verschiedener Maßnahmen zur Schonung gemeinsam genutzter Umweltgüter überprüfen und vergleichen läßt.
Wie stark beeinflussen die Emissionen des Luftverkehrs Ozon und Klima?
Authors: Schumann Ulrich
Published: March 2017

Aviation is an integral part of the infrastructure of today's society. It plays a vital role for global commerce and private travel. Aircraft cause emissions of greenhouse gases and species which impact the ozone concentration in the atmosphere at the regional and global scale. It is
essential to know the size of these effects. Therefore, the emissions of global air traffic and its impact on climate and the composition of the atmosphere have been investigated in several national and international research programmes with large contributions by German institutes. This paper
summarises the knowledge obtained. The results are now considered in an international scientific assessment "Aviation and the Global Atmosphere" presently organised by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The global emissions of aircraft cause a small increase of ozone in
the upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. The related greenhouse effect in terms of additional radiative forcing is small, in the order of 4 % of all greenhouse gases and particles induced by anthropogenic activities since the last century. But the climate effect caused by
aviation emissions that have an impact on the atmospheric ozone concentration is about three times bigger than the one caused by the aviation emissions of carbon dioxides alone. The share of aviation in anthropogenic radiative forcing is growing. In view of the growing demand for air transport,
there is a clear need for a more efficient aviation technology causing less pollution. It seems that such technology will not be developed under the present market conditions alone.
Acidic lignite mining lakes – a typical case for remediation? Tagebaurestseen – schon bei dar Entstehung ein Sanierungsfall
Authors: Schultze M. , Friese K. , Frömmichen R. , Geller W. , Klapper H. , Wendt-Potthott K.
Published: March 2017

The formation of lakes after sudden termination of opencast lignite mining in eastern Germany is influenced by massive hydrological problems in the mining area. In spite of restricted surface water availability flooding from external sources is preferable to slow re-ascension of ground-water
for geochemical, technological and socio-economical reasons. However, the water quality of the newly formed lakes poses subsequent problems which include eutrophication, salinization, contamination by toxic substances and predominantly acidification. The geological situation in the eastern
German mining areas promotes acidification by pyrite oxidation. As a result, biological colonisation of the lakes is poor and use for fishery and recreation is restricted or impossible. Strategies for abatement of acidification include limitation of further pyrite oxidation, restriction of
acidity inflow into lake water and neutralisation of already existent lakes by chemical or biotechnological processes. Their current state of the art is discussed. A method which is not yet intensively studied in full scale application but possibly of economic interest as a low price technology
is the stimulation of bacterial sulphate reduction with the aid of organic additions. Experiences from various pilot scale applications with different carbon sources are reviewed. The contribution of other processes, for example iron reduction, for biological neutralisation is also discussed.
Emissionsminderungen durch Windenergienutzung unter Kosten-Nutzen-Erwägungen – Die Sichtweise eines Ingenieurs
Authors: Wagner Hennann-Josef
Published: March 2017

Renewable energies, especially wind power, are introduced as electricity generations in large numbers especially by government support using publish funds generation of electricity is free from air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Introduction of wind energy is therefore in confirmity
with the potitical goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. From the point of view of energy technique, however, involving energy and emission balances, one should take into account the embodied energy i.e. the energy used during the contruction phase of the technology
and the resulting emissions. One should consider the same during the decommissioning phase at the end of the life term of the system. Detailed investigations show that a wind power converter needs less than one year to produce the same amount of energy as used for its construction and decommissioning
phases. The resulting emissions are therefore balanced out within a year or less. Under the aspect of energy content and environmental emissions the use of wind converter therefore makes sense. Nevertheless, the use of wind power has to be competitive with other technologies, which have the
potential of reducing emissions. The decision figure could be the cost of reducing one ton of CO2–emissions by any of these technologies. For wind generated electrical energy, this figure comes out to be between 130 and 210 German marks. If compared with technologies such
as improving the efficiency of existing thermal power stations using fossil fuels or use more efficient electrical equipment, this cost of wind power is higher. Improved efficiencies sometimes can be introduced with no additional costs.The question, therefore is not whether the wind power
must be used on longterm basis or not - it must be used. In view of the arguments above and the present higher costs, however, the question is to find the right moment to introduce and subsidize wind energy for market introduction. For the time being, rational energy use and conservation of
energy must be given top priority.
Zwischenhalt auf dem Weg zum nachhaltigen Verkehr
Authors: Walter Felix , Spillmann Werner
Published: March 2017

Sustainability has become widely accepted as a concept, also for the transport sector. Various efforts have been made to find measurable indicators for sustainability, however, there remain issues for further discussion such as defining regional and sectoral targets. The use of the
concept of sustainability for political strategies is discussed, with Switzerland being an example. A provisional appraisal concludes that sustainabilty has gained broad acceptance as a concept and considerable progress has been made with regard to its operability, however, indicators for
economic and social sustainability should still be developed further. On the other hand, the political discussion about consensus for (and implementation of) a sustainable policy has not been changed radically by the concept of sustainability so far.
Monetäre Bewertung von Biodiversität: Grundannahmen, Schritte, Probleme und Folgerungen
Authors: Seidl Irmi , Gowdy John
Published: March 2017

Biodiversity destruction is an urgent problem on the world-wide environmental policy agenda. To get an idea of the losses for present and future generations and to deduce policy measures, valuations in monetary terms have been discussed and applied to biodiversity. However, the example
of biodiversity emphasizes that the application of these measurements is more limited than widely believed. For an ecologically tenable, economically meaningful and ethically justifiable valuation of biodiversity restrictions of the area of application and a careful interpretation of the results
are indispensable. The subject is outlined by exhibiting the different ecological dimensions and aspects of biodiversity and showing its manifold significance to humans. On this basis five aspects are discussed concerning basic steps of valuations, fundamental assumptions and limitations.
Firstly, valuations entail a comparison between nature and market goods. This implies cutting off the natural good from its functional relations and making it substitutable. Secondly, using individual utility as an indicator of value involves the problem of incongruity and it fails to capture
social preferences. Further, the individual perception of the value of biodiversity and the information about it are widely limited. This reduces the meaningfulness of valuations based on individual preferences. Fourthly, the existing institutional context, like social distribution, prices,
trade relationships or governmental policies broadly influence valuations. Finally, monetary valuations cannot capture the medium or longterm values of biodiversity nor the aspirations of future generations, as market values are mainly referring to the present. All these points call for a
limited application of valuations of biodiversity and careful interpretations.
STUDY OF SEA LEVEL RISE USING SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DATA IN THE SEA OF DUMAI, RIAU, INDONESIA
Authors: Ariana Dewi , Kusmana Cecep , Setiawan Yudi
Published: March 2017

The impact of the climate change and global warming has hit the entire world, particularly the coastal areas such as the Dumai coastal area which is mainly caused by the sea level rise. Sea level rise is one of the important global issue today. It has been caused by ice melting at the poles, climate extreme event, and land subsidence. This increases the vulnerability effect in coastal areas which threatens human life, especially those living in coastal regions. Sea level rise can be forecasted by satellite imagery like ENVISAT, Topex/ Poseidon, Jason1 and Jason2. Sea level rise was calculated using a linear regression. Monitoring of sea level rise in the sea of Dumai was conducted over a period of 21 years (1993-2014) by taking data from 6 stations. The results show that the average sea level rise reaching 5.33 mm/year happened in Dumai. The rate of SLR lies between 4.72 mm/year to 5.66 mm/year. In 2050, Dumai, Riau is predicted to have an additional sea level of 0.19 m, 0.46 m in 2100 and 0.72 m in 2150. based on the predicted results, dumai should prepare plans to mitigate the rising of sea levels.
IDENTIFIKASI KELESTARIAN KAWASAN KOTA LAMA MELALUI PROTEKSI BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA OLEH PEMERINTAH KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Putra Dimas Widya
Published: March 2017

Surabaya old town district was the historical evidence of the Dutch Government in Colonial era, The center of the Dutch Administration located in Old Town, meanwhile Old Town District was the whiteness of Dutch defeat. Many buildings built by the Dutch in Colonial era are still conserved. Surabaya has strategy and policy through Tourism and Culture Department to conserve these buildings to be a landmark and legacy of city, this study addresses to evaluate the policy associated with the protection of heritage buildings, to examine the policy and to sum up the findings associated to conservation theory. This research uses the character appraisal, quantitative and qualitative. The result found are several buildings have been protected by the policy, however, there is a segment made so many facade changes and several well ornamented buildings. The conclusion obtained that the cultural heritage building policy can be nicely applied, especially to the historical value buildings. The Government gives a tolerance to renovate the buildings having less strong historical value.
KAJIAN PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN AKIBAT KEBERADAAN UMKM BERBASIS RUMAH (HBE) PENGOLAH PANGAN TRADISIONAL GETUK ‘KETHEK’ SATU RASA, KOTA SALATIGA
Authors: Kusmayanti Januarta Dwi , Tyas Wido Prananing
Published: March 2017

Pada sentra olahan singkong di Kelurahan Ledok,  terjadi pertumbuhan HBE baru yang terinspirasi oleh salah satu usaha rumah tangga, yaitu Getuk ‘Kethek’ Satu Rasa. Keberadaan usaha–usaha baru tersebut berdampak terhadap perkembangan kawasan yang dilihat dari perubahan aktivitas perekonomian masyarakat, perubahan fisik kawasan, penyerapan tenaga kerja yang lebih besar, dan peningkatan pendapatan pelaku usaha. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keberadaan UMKM berbasis rumah (HBE) pengolah pangan tradisional Getuk ‘Kethek’ Satu Rasa terhadap perkembangan kawasan di sekitarnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu mix method. Temuan studi yang diperoleh adalah terdapat perubahan fungsi ruang pada hunian yang dijadikan sebagai tempat usaha baik sebelum dan sesudahnya. Dalam hal penyerapan tenaga kerja, usaha–usaha tersebut berkontribusi sebesar 3,71% bagi Kelurahan Ledok. Dalam aspek ekonomi terjadi peningkatan pendapatan sebanyak 89% pelaku usaha memiliki pendapatan di atas UMK Kota Salatiga, yaitu Rp. 1.450.000. Dalam proses rantai nilai pada usaha-usaha yang ada terdapat kesamaan hubungan pada proses pemasaran distribusi produk.
URGENSI DITERAPKANNYA PRINSIP GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) PADA PENGELOLAAN PERUSAHAAN DAERAH
Authors: Owa da Santo Maria Fransiska
Published: March 2017

Perusahaan daerah memiliki peranan yang penting dalam menghasilkan pendapatan bagi daerah. Layaknya sebuah perusahaan, perusahaan daerah dapat mengalami kerugian. Kerugian ini dapat disebabkan oleh buruknya pengelolaan perusahaan daerah karena dilakukan tanpa memperhatikan prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Fokus kajian dalam tulisan ini adalah (1)Peranan organ perusahaan daerah dalam menjalankan kegiatan perusahaan; dan (2) Pentingnya Prinsip GCG dalam pengelolaan perusahaan daerah.Perusahaan Daerah Flobamor merupakan salah satu perusahaan daerah (BUMD/Badan Usaha Milik Daerah) di Provinsi NTT. Dalam praktek dilapangan membuktikan bahwa PD Flobamor belum mengalami keuntungan. Walaupun telah berubah status bentuk badan hukum dari PD menjadi PT BUMD namun belum mampu berkontribusi secara positif terhadap peningkatan Pendapan Asli Daerah (PAD).
Comparative Analysis of Various Control Strategies for a Nonlinear CSTR System
Authors: Madhu Sudhanan R. , Poongodi Dr. P.
Published: March 2017

Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a highly nonlinear process particularly when chemical reaction takes place. The heat energy will be either liberate or absorbed by the reactor due to the reaction. The control of temperature for this process is a real challenge due to nonlinear temperature changes during reaction. In this paper a mathematical model of CSTR with its transfer function is taken for controller design and analysis. The temperature inside the reactor is controlled by altering the coolant jacket temperature. This paper compares the performances of the proportional integral derivative controller (PID) controller, PID-based nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA) controller and fuzzy-based PID controller. The proposed PID-based NARMA controller shows better control of temperature than the conventional PID controller. The fuzzy-based PID controller also shows a reasonable optimal performance.
Effects of L-thyroxine treatment on heart functions in infants with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Arslan Alev , Baş Veysel Nijat , Uytun Salih , Poyrazoğlu Hatice Gamze
Published: March 2017

Background:

Impaired heart functions in newborns with hypothyroidism should be reversed by levothyroxine substitution therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate heart functions with congenital hypothroidism (CH) in newborns and changes after levothyroxine substitution therapy, measured with tissue Doppler echocardiography and conventional echocardiography.

Methods:

The study included 30 neonates with CH and 34 healthy controls. Echocardiography were performed at baseline, 2nd week and 6th month of therapy.

Results:

Heart systolic function was normal. Mitral E velocities and mitral E/A ratios were significantly lower in patients at baseline. Tei indices were significantly higher in patients and a significant negative correlation was detected between free thyroxine levels and Tei indices.When early and late post-treatment echocardiography findings are compared, a non-significant difference was detected.

Conclusions:

Neonates with CH may exhibit systolic and diastolic heart dysfunction, which can be reversed by early L-T4 substitution treatment. The Tei index index should be measured in addition to conventional echocardiography.
Empirical likelihood for quantile regression models with response data missing at random
Authors: Luo S. , Pang Shuxia
Published: March 2017

This paper studies quantile linear regression models with response data missing at random. A quantile empirical-likelihood-based method is proposed firstly to study a quantile linear regression model with response data missing at random. It follows that a class of quantile empirical log-likelihood ratios including quantile empirical likelihood ratio with complete-case data, weighted quantile empirical likelihood ratio and imputed quantile empirical likelihood ratio are defined for the regression parameters. Then, a bias-corrected quantile empirical log-likelihood ratio is constructed for the mean of the response variable for a given quantile level. It is proved that these quantile empirical log-likelihood ratios are asymptotically χ2 distribution. Furthermore, a class of estimators for the regression parameters and the mean of the response variable are constructed, and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators is established. Our results can be used directly to construct the confidence intervals (regions) of the regression parameters and the mean of the response variable. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance and a real-world data set is analyzed to illustrate the applications of the proposed method.
Modifying Games for Improved Aerobic Fitness and Skill Acquisition in Youth
Authors: Cronin John , Harrison Craig , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Spittle Michael
Published: March 2017

BY COMBINING TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL GAME COMPONENTS WITH APPROPRIATE PHYSICAL LOADING, MODIFIED GAMES CAN PROVIDE AN IDEAL ENVIRONMENT FOR YOUNG ATHLETES TO DEVELOP AEROBIC FITNESS, WHILE AT THE SAME TIME ACCUMULATE PRECIOUS HOURS OF TECHNICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT. FURTHERMORE, MODIFIED GAMES PROVIDE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PLAYERS TO DEVELOP THEIR DECISION-MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS UNDER STRESSFUL PHYSICAL LOADS, WHICH ARE CRITICAL FACTORS IN SUCCESSFUL LONG-TERM PLAYER DEVELOPMENT. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THOSE CONSTRAINTS BELIEVED IMPORTANT IN OPTIMIZING AEROBIC FITNESS AND SKILL ACQUISITION IN YOUTH USING A MODIFIED GAMES APPROACH. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT DESCRIBING THIS ISSUE, SEE VIDEO, SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A203.
Precision Sports Medicine: The Future of Advancing Health and Performance in Youth and Beyond
Authors: Montalvo Alicia M. , Tse-Dinh Yuk-Ching , Liu Yuan , Swartzon Michael , Hechtman Keith S. , Myer Gregory D.
Published: March 2017

THE EMERGING FIELD OF PRECISION MEDICINE EMPHASIZES AN INDIVIDUALIZED APPROACH TO PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASE. USING INFORMATION FROM AN INDIVIDUAL'S GENETICS, ENVIRONMENT AND LIFESTYLE, EPIGENETICS, AND OTHER FIELDS IN PRECISION MEDICINE, PRACTITIONERS CAN MAXIMIZE RESOURCES BY TARGETING PATHOLOGY AND HUMAN PERFORMANCE ON THE MOLECULAR LEVEL. HOWEVER, PRACTITIONERS MAY NOT BE AWARE OF TOPICS WITHIN THIS FIELD. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO INTRODUCE BASIC CONCEPTS IN PRECISION MEDICINE TO HIGHLIGHT THEIR POTENTIAL APPLICATION TO SPORTS MEDICINE AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT. THIS REVIEW PROVIDES PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME CURRENTLY AVAILABLE PRECISION MEDICINE CONCEPTS IN SPORT.
Phospho-ERK and sex steroids in the mPOA: involvement in male mouse sexual behaviour
Authors: Jean Arnaud , Trouillet Anne-Charlotte , Andrianarivelo Njiva Andry , Mhaouty-Kodja Sakina , Hardin-Pouzet Hélène
Published: March 2017

This paper aimed to investigate the mechanisms triggering ERK phosphorylation and its functional role in male sexual behaviour. ERK1/2-phosphorylated form was detected in the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus (mPOA) during the sexual stimulation of naive and sexually experienced males who were killed 5 min after the first intromission. This mating-induced ERK phosphorylation was increased in sexually experienced males compared to that in naive mice. The functional role of the ERK1/2 pathway activation during sexual behaviour was explored with the administration of a MEK inhibitor, SL-327 (30 mg/kg, i.p.), 45 min before the contact with a receptive female. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation was found to decrease sexual motivation in both naive and experienced males without altering their copulatory ability. The mechanisms potentially involved in this rapid ERK1/2 pathway activation were specified ex vivo on hypothalamic slices. A thirty-minute incubation with 100 nM of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or oestradiol (E2) led to ERK phosphorylation. No changes were observed after incubation with testosterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-BSA (T-BSA), an impermeable to the plasma membrane form of testosterone. All these results indicate that ERK phosphorylation within the mPOA could be a key player in the motivational signalling pathway and considered as an index of sexual motivation. They also demonstrate the involvement of oestrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) transduction pathways in steroid-dependent ERK activation.