bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness about Social Security Schemes among elderly: A comparative study among rural and urban population of Khordha District, Odisha
Authors: Mohapatra Ipsa , Mahapatra Arup
Published: June 2022

Background: Demographic transition has led to a rise in elderly population, their social security being a priority. Awareness and utilisation of these being less researched, we undertook this study. Aim & Objective: To find the awareness regarding existing social security schemes, the pattern of their utilisation and enlist the challenges faced in utilising them. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2018, among randomly selected consenting elderly in the urban and rural field-practice areas of a medical college. Data was analysed using EpiInfo software. Results: A total of 540(270 each in urban and rural) participants were included.55.93% in urban and 51.48% in rural were aware and 33.38% in urban and 15.56% in rural utilised atleast one of the schemes. 27.78% in urban and 25.19% in rural expressed their dissatisfaction with the pension received. The differences in the awareness about property protection and old age pension had a statistically significant difference between the urban and rural population with better awareness among the urban elderly. Conclusions: The awareness levels were nearly the same in the urban and rural population, but utilisation rates had a marked difference. Lesser utilisation in rural areas needs to be researched, causes identified and addressed.
Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Pericardial Effusion in Northern India
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Kumar Sandeep , Himanshu D , Sethi Rishi , Pradhan Akshay
Published: June 2022

Background: Pericardial effusions may be discovered incidentally or as life-threatening scenario of cardiac tamponade. Hence, etiological identification of pericardial effusion proves crucial in-patient management. Aim: To assess the clinical presentation and etiology of pericardial effusion at a tertiary-care centre in India. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, single-centre one-year hospital-based study. Data from 70 diagnosed cases of pericardial effusion from our tertiary-care centre in India from August 2016 to July 2017 was retrospectively reviewed. A diagnosis of pericardial effusion was confirmed based on findings from clinical history, examination, specific laboratory investigations, and radiological investigations. Pericardial fluid analysis was also performed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.87±14.40 years. Almost equal frequencies of men 36 (51.4%) and women 34 (48.6%) were observed. The most commonly observed signs/symptoms of patients diagnosed with pericardial effusion was raised jugular venous pulse in 39 (55.7%) patients, breathlessness in 36 (51.4%) patients, and tachypnea and tachycardia (heart rate >100 beats per minute) in 33 (47.1%) patients each. An etiology of tubercular effusion was common in 32 (44.4%) patients. On analyzing data according to the underlying etiology, the most frequent sign/symptom was raised jugular venous pulse in 20 (62.5%) patients diagnosed with tubercular effusion, tachypnea in 10 (52.6%) patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism and tachycardia in 12 (63.2%) patients with a diagnosis other than pericardial effusion or hypothyroidism. Conclusions: The high prevalence of tuberculosis in India warrants increased control and awareness of this infection.
Assessment of coping strategies for stress and depression among adolescents in Udupi taluk, Karnataka
Authors: Verma Ashwani
Published: June 2022

Background: Adolescent is the age between 10-19 years and prone to develop stress and depression. They learn coping strategies to overcome stress and depression which shape their future. Aims & Objectives: To assess the coping strategies adopted by adolescents to overcome stress and depression in Udupi taluk, Karnataka. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents from class 9th to 11th. Two stage stratified random sampling technique was used. Stratification was done into government, aided and private schools in first stage and proportional allocation was done among study participants in second stage. The total sample size was 1058. Brief cope inventory was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results: Most common coping strategy used were active coping, use of instrumental support, planning and positive reframing. Least used coping strategies were humor, behavior disengagement and substance abuse among adolescents. Age of adolescents, type of school and classes were statistically significant with coping strategies. Conclusion: Commonly used coping strategies were positive ways of coping but still some adolescents used negative coping strategies as well which might have an impact in life or shape them in developing their behavior.
Universal Salt Iodinization is not that Universal - A study among school age children in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh.
Authors: Bali Surya , Gupta Arti
Published: June 2022

Background: Iodine deficiency is a preventable cause of brain damage. Aims &Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of goiter in school going children clinically, to assess the iodine status (urinary iodine excretion) of school children, and to assess the iodine content of the salt consumed by the population. Materials and Methods: It is school based cross-sectional study, conducted in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India in 2016. The study participants were school children in 6-12 years of age. Probability-proportional-to-size cluster sampling was used. Palpation method was used to identify the presence of goiter. Urine samples were collected and median urinary iodine excretion was found. The salt samples were also collected from the households and local market to determine the iodinization status. Results: A total of 2700 school children were studied. The total goitre rate was 0.74%. Among those clinically palpable goiter 15(75%) were girls. The prevalence of goitre higher among girls was statically significant with p=0.025. All the cases of clinically palpable goiter belonged to caste other than general with p<0.001. The median urinary iodine excretion of 270 urine samples of school children was 184 µg/l. The prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders using urinary iodine excretion as indicator in the present study was 22.9% Seven percent of the samples had median urinary iodine The normal iodine content i.e more than the 15 ppm iodine was present in 84% of samples collected from households. Conclusion: The children of Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh had low prevalence of goiter. However, there is significant burden of goiter among backward classes.
Epidemiological correlates of Common Mental Disorders in a rural community of South India: A cross sectional study
Authors: M Shreyaswi Sathyanath , Kundapur Rashmi
Published: June 2022

Background: Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) encompass a range of anxiety/depressive disorders. They cause considerable morbidity at individual level and pose a significant burden to the community in terms of the suffering and cost. Objectives: This study was done to determine the prevalence, determinants, patterns and severity of CMDs in a rural community of Udupi district. Methods: A cross sectional two- stage study was done in rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine with the help of the Rural Psychiatry team from Department of Psychiatry. Screening for psychological distress in the first stage was done using SRQ-20. In second stage screen positive patients were assessed in Nitte CHC by trained psychiatrists using M.I.N.I schedule. Assessment of severity was done using Hamilton A scale (HAM A), Hamilton D scale (HAM D), Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and the Scale for Assessment of Somatic Symptoms (SASS). Results: Prevalence of CMDs was 26.5 per thousand population. Dysthymia was the most common diagnosis. Gender, marital status and educational status were the significant determinants of CMDs. Those who were married but staying separate/ divorced, illiterates and those educated up to primary school were the only groups with higher adjusted odds on multivariate analysis. The common presenting symptoms were sad mood/ crying episodes and somatic complaints. Conclusion: Prevalence of CMDs was low at 26.5 per thousand. Sad mood/ crying episodes as well as somatic complaints are the common presentations which have to be borne in mind when treating patients at the primary care level.
The Impact of Tax Revenue on Economic Growth: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Orbaningsih Dwi , Sujianto Agus Eko
Published: June 2022

Theoretically and empirically explain that tax revenue has an impact on economic growth. This study is intended to conduct a review of tax revenue and economic growth in Indonesia. Research data was collected from the World Bank from 1972 to 2019. The results of this study indicate that tax revenues can significantly increase economic growth, and the correlation of tax revenues with economic growth is strong so that it is recommended for the government to continue fiscal policy with strict management to avoid the bad consequences of the policy.
A Tiny Look at Hizmet (Service) Movement Teachers’ Diplomatic Mission
Authors: Yildiz Yunus , Dayan Serdar
Published: June 2022

Diplomacy is the profession or activity of a country's representatives abroad responsible for preserving peaceful ties with other countries. In this context, Hizmet movement teachers are considered in charge of representing their country in another country to build peace bridges. This article emphasizes that ‘Hizmet’ movement teachers work like diplomats overseas, and their performance shapes the diplomacy in communication wherever they are.
Jibanananda Das’s “Aat Bochor Ager Ekdin” (“A Day Before Eight Years”): A Reportage on an Alienated Soul
Authors: Mondol Md Shamim , Khan Mohammad Afzal Hossain , Muniruzzaman Md
Published: June 2022

Jibanananda Das is arguably the greatest modern poet and one of the leading poets of Bangla literature. His oeuvre of poetry ranges from documenting the diminishing nature to decadence and alienation emanating from modernist practices adopted from Europe. Despite being one of the greatest poets of Bangla literature he is not so well known in the academia as well as to the international arena as is supposed to be. His “Aat Bochor Ager Ekdin”, a representative poem, narrates the story of a man having no dearth and deficiency in life, still, he chooses to commit suicide. Following reportage style, the poet relates the story alternatively by inserting the voice of a reporter and converging his personality with that of the protagonist. This paper demonstrates how Jibanananda Das through reportage has portrayed a modern man and unveiled his personality making the poem an attempt at autobiographical exploration. The present paper is also intended to reveal his extraordinary contribution to Bangla literature in the international arena. Hopefully, through this paper, the academicians, especially those from a literature background, will be interested to know about his life and literary works.
THE Leadership Style of Subdistrict Head Towards Employee Performance at Muara Komam District Office, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan
Authors: Faderi Lannie Marseli , Oktavianor Tomi , Amberi Muslih
Published: June 2022

This research aims to find out the leadership style of Subdistrict head on Employee Performance in Muara Komam District of Paser Regency of East Kalimantan.. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The data collection techniques using observations, interviews and documentation studies. Based on the research results, it is known that the camat's leadership style uses a situational leadership style, where he can read every situation and match his leadership style with the maturity level of the employees. This thing because difference maturity employee seen from aspect ability and will employee in work.
Adequacy of Financing of School Education in Punjab
Authors: Singh Sukhwinder , Singh Raminder
Published: June 2022

Punjab, which is known as one of the richest states in India has not been able to intervene effectively in the area of school education in terms of financial allocations from its inception to till date, which resulted in devastating educational indices for Punjab’s School Education. Punjab has never accorded priority to school education in its financial allocation policy. This lacuna of financial allocation policy has been reflected in the poor educational attainments of the State. Punjab’s position based on literacy marks (21st) and NAS ranks 22nd commensurate to its inadequate financial allocations to school education as a percentage share of SDP. Moreover, the large share of financial allocations is non-plan in nature and a meager share was allocated under the head Plan expenditure. The analysis of the percentage allocation of outlay to general education in the five-year plan also narrates the same story, which indicates towards the government’s inability to accord high priority to general as well as school education as the most important sector of the economy for Human Resource Development (a significant asset of the nation). Moreover, the post-reforms period also witnessed a sharp decline in the share of the education budget out of the state exchequer. Out of this inadequate budget, a very meager share was allocated to school education and the rest to elementary education. The limited increase in the education budget in real terms has in fact converted and reduced the education budget into a salary budget which constitutes 91 per cent of the total expenditure of the school education budget.
Digital Accounting Application in Oil Palm Plantation in Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Muhammad Irsan
Published: June 2022

This study is a case study conducted in an Indonesian oil palm plantation company. The study aims to understand the digital accounting application in oil palm plantations. The company has changed its recording systems in the plantation area from manual systems using paper to digital systems using applications and gadgets. This study reveals that the company is committed to applying digital accounting systems and, as much as possible, will do paperless administration in the plantation area. The analysis method is descriptive research, namely by collecting and interpreting the data obtained to provide information.

 In this study, we observe digital technology's use on a palm oil plantation, fingerprint technology for attendance on a palm oil plantation that is directly integrated with the existing payroll system. It is also integrated with the ERP system that is for recorded labors' attendance and calculates their wages and premiums. It helps the company to make faster, efficient, and more accurate reports. There is also the use of Mobile Harvesting System to record harvest density figures, the yield being harvested, and replicate tools to connect and communicate with the ERP systems. Therefore, using digital technology in plantations for accounting and other purposes much helps accelerate the data collection process. Its accuracy also helps to eliminate fraud effectively, efficiently, and accurately.
The Upbringing of Children and Adolescents in the Publication of Karakalpakstan: The Content and Importance of the Topic
Authors: Kudaybergenov Murat Aleuatdinovich
Published: June 2022

This article deals with the role and importance of children’s publications in society. On this basis, attention was paid to the activities of children's publications in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, commenting on the establishment of children’s publications in the region, the stage of development and the current state. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of the skills of journalists working in children’s journalism.
The Nature of Rape in the Mankweng Policing Areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Mamabolo Sekwaila Naum , Maluleke Witness , Lekgau Khomotjo , Ngoveni Tinyiko David
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore the community members’ perceptions on the nature of rape in the selected Mankweng policing areas of Limpopo Province, South Africa, namely: Mentz, Ga-Makanye and Ga-Thoka. The qualitative research approach was followed, coupled with the Q-methodology research design and exploratory research objective. About 30 participants were purposively sampled to form part of the Three (03) Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs), consisting of 10 targeted groups, this was aided by the review of seminal literature studies and theoretical [Differential Risk Model] applications on this subject. The inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) was used as a data analysis method. From the consulted studies and empirical study findings, 03 major factors emerged to explain nature of rape existing in the selected study locations, demarcated as follows; 1) Historical context of rape, which include men that are raised in families with strong patriarchal structures and more likely to become violent and force themselves on women, as they feel superior to them, 2) Social context of rape, entailing gender inequality in South African societies where women possess limited powers and authorities, while men impose notions of masculinity, controlling and perceiving that they own women’s sexuality; and 3) Economic context of rape, explaining how poverty and unemployment are cited as some of contributing factors exposing women to socio-economic vulnerability, such as engaging in transactional sex. From the cited studies, 03 study themes emanated from the conducted empirical fieldworks (FGDs), namely: 1) Unlawful high prevalence of rape activities, 2) Rape committed against the will of potential victims, and 3) Rape involving physical intercourse or other forms of sexual penetrations carried out against any potential victim’s will. This study recommends that youth in the selected study locations should be trained and educated to become peer educators to learn more about the nature rape, it is hoped that this can enhance understanding of this phenomenon in their respective communities, while promoting gender equality in an attempt to urgently re-address the 03 existing characteristics of this scourge. Equally, the utilisation of biological evidence against rape cases can be touted as one of modern interventions to offer proper and successful investigation of this crime. This can be enhanced by improving by information exchange gathered through closer collaborations, interactions, intelligence and enforcement practices, while providing better understanding of the nature and extent of this scourge.
Exploration on the Reform of Practical Teaching Evaluation System of Business Administration Major
Authors: Huang Haixia
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of society, the demand for high-quality talents is increasing day by day, and as an important link in training talents, practical teaching is particularly important. We should take reform and innovation of practical teaching as the core, gradually improve teaching quality as the concept, break the shackles of traditional teaching system, and innovate the management system of practical teaching without being restricted by outdated teaching frameworks, teaching viewpoints and teaching ideas, so as to achieve sustainable and virtuous circle development. Among them, the reform of practice teaching evaluation system is the main line and guarantee of development, and a good and complete evaluation system can develop practice teaching well and quickly. This paper takes business administration major as the research object, explores the theory of practice teaching evaluation system reform, and arouses the attention and enthusiasm of practice teaching evaluation related workers.
Late Quaternary radiolarian assemblages as indicators of paleoceaonographic changes north of the subtropical front, offshore eastern New Zealand, southwest Pacific
Authors: Luer Vanessa , Hollis Christopher J. , Willems Helmut
Published: June 2022

Abundant and diverse polycystine radiolarian faunas from ODP Leg 181, Site 1123 (0-1.2 Ma at ~21 kyr resolution) and Site 1124 (0-0.6 Ma, ~5 kyr resolution, with a disconformity between 0.42-0.22 Ma) have been used to infer Pleistocene-Holocene paleoceanographic changes north of the Subtropical Front (STF), offshore eastern New Zealand, southwest Pacifi c. The abundance of warm-water taxa relative to cool-water taxa was used to determine a radiolarian paleotemperature index, the Subtropical (ST) Index. ST Index variations show strong covariance with benthic foraminifera oxygen isotope records from Site 1123 and exhibit similar patterns through Glacial-Interglacial (G-I) cycles of marine isotope stages (MIS)15-1. At Site 1123, warm-water taxa peak in abundance during Interglacials (reaching ~8% of the total fauna). Within Glacials cool-water taxa increase to ~15% (MIS2) of the fauna. Changes in radiolarian assemblages at Site 1124 indicate similar but much better resolved trends through MIS15-12 and 7-1. Pronounced increases in warm-water taxa occur at the onset of Interglacials (reaching ~15% of the fauna), whereas the abundance of cool-water taxa increases in Glacials peaking in MIS2 (~17% of the fauna). Overall warmer conditions at Site 1124 during the last 600 kyrs indicate sustained infl uence of the subtropical, warm East Cape Current (ECC). During Interglacials radiolarian assemblages suggest an increase in marine productivity at both sites which might be due to predominance of micronutrient-rich Subtropical Water. At Site 1123, an increased abundance of deep-dwelling taxa in MIS 13 and 9 suggests enhanced vertical mixing. During Glacials, reduced vigour of ECC fl ow combined with northward expansion of cool, micronutrient-poor Subantarctic Water occurs. Only at Site 1123 there is evidence of a longitudinal shift of the STF, reaching as far north as 41°S.
Palynostratigraphy of the Sarhlef Series (Mississippian), Jebilet Massif, Morocco
Authors: Playford Geoffrey , Gonzalez Felipe , Moreno Carmen , Al Ansari Abdelkhalek
Published: June 2022

The Jebilet Massif, located in the southern part of the Moroccan Western Meseta, includes a sequence known As the Sarhlef Series, which comprises mostly black shales with subordinate volcanic rocks and hosts several massive sulfide deposits. Hitherto, the Sarhlef Series has received only scant biostratigraphic attention. Accordingly, a detailed palynological analysis of the shaly Sarhlef strata that embrace the massive sulfide deposit of Draa Sfar, ca. 20km north of Marrakech, is presented herein. The palynoflora consists predominantly of moderately well preserved miospores, together with quantitatively subordinate marine palynomorphs (acritarchs, prasinophyte phyconiata) and scolecodonts. The miospore content, documented systematically herein, comprises 19 genera including 29 species, five of which (Cristatisporites mixtus, Densosporites dissonus, Indotriradites immutabilis, Vallatisporites extensivus and Endoculeospora marrakechensis) are newly established. The Sarhlef miospore assemblage closely resembles those reported from late Visean-early Serpukhovian strata elsewhere in North Africa and adjacent regions. Some similarities are also evident with Western Gondwanan assemblages (viz., from the Parnaiba, Solimoes and Amazonas basins of northern Brazil). The palynological data, in conjunction with published faunal evidence accrued from the overlying lithostratigraphic unit, demonstrate that the age of the black shales of the Sarhlef Series hosting the Draa Star sulfide deposit can be constrained to the late Visean (Asbian); this, moreover, is corroborated by radiometric determinations from associated volcanic rocks.
Revision of the conodont Idiognathodus simulator (Ellison 1941), the marker species for the base of the Late Pennsylvanian global Gzhelian Stage
Authors: Barrick James E. , Heckel Philip H. , Boardman Darwin R.
Published: June 2022

Idiognathodus simulator (Ellison 1941) and Idiognathodus eudoraensis n. sp. constitute twomembers of a distinct group of Late Pennsylvanian species that are characterized by an eccentric groove on the P1 element and Type IIIb symmetry,where dextral and sinistral P1 elements show different morphological features. The oldest species, Idiognathodus eudoraensis n. sp., probably developed from a species of Idiognathodus during the late middle Kasimovian. The simulator group is not closely related to Streptognathodus, which is characterized by a deep medial trough. The distinctive morphology of I. simulator [s.s.], redescribed here, in conjunction with itswidespread distribution inNorthAmerica and Eurasia, has led its first appearance to be selected as the event marker for the base of the global Gzhelian Stage. The simulator group includes other species that have been named in Eurasia, and will require additional work to adequately resolve species ranges and interpret its evolutionary history.
Seasonality and ecology of living coccolithophores in Eastern Mediterranean coastal environments (Andros Island, Middle Aegean Sea)
Authors: Dimiza Margarita D. , Triantaphyllou Maria V. , Dermitzakis Michael D.
Published: June 2022

This study concerns the species composition and seasonality of extant coccolithophore communities in Eastern Mediterranean coastal environments and investigates their significance as environmental indicators. Water samples were collected during six one-day cruises carried out between 2001 and 2004, in two separate marine ecosystems (Gulfs of Korthi and Kastro, southeastern coast of Andros Island). High species diversities (65 species of heterococcolithophores and 45 species of holococcolithophores), associated with the dominant K-selected taxa, Rhabdosphaeraceae, and holococcolithophores, were recorded during summer whereas low diversities coupled with maximum concentration of cells and the predominance of r-selected species (Emiliania huxleyi) were observed during late autumn-early spring. The coccolithophores of the upper photic zone have been grouped into four distinct communities (Emiliania huxleyi group, Palusphaera vandelii group, Rhabdosphaera clavigera group and Helladosphaera cornifera group). A taxonomic study of the modern coccolithophores of Aegean Sea is presented. Several combination coccospheres of Algirosphaera robusta with Sphaerocalyptra quadridentata have been well documented, therefore their synonymy is proposed and the remaining species of Sphaerocalyptra have been transferred to the genus Holococcolithophora. One more holococcolith-heterococcolith association between Corisphaera sp. type A, Zygosphaera bannockii, Zygosphaera amoena and Syracosphaera bannockii is presented, recombining all taxa into Syracosphaera amoena comb. nov. A new species, Holococcolithophora kastriensis sp. nov. is described.
Benthic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Jurassic platform carbonate succession in the Bolkar Mountains (southern Turkey)
Authors: Tasli Kemal , Altiner Demir , Koc Hayetti , Eren Muhsin
Published: June 2022

The stratigraphic distribution of benthic foraminiferal and dasycladacean algal taxa in the Jurassic platform carbonate succession of the Bolkar Mountains permitted to recognise five zones and two subzones in the Jurassic (Bajocian to Tithonian). These are in ascending order: J1-Bosniella croatica/Riyadhella regularis zone (Bajocian); J2-Redmondoides lugeoni/R. cf. rotundatus zone (lower Bathonian) comprising J2a-Paravalvulina complicata subzone in its middle part; J3-Paleopfenderina trochoidea/P. salernitana zone (upper Bathonian-Callovian) comprising J3a-Satorina apuliensis/Kilianina blancheti subzone in its lower part; J4-Kurnubia ex.gr. palastiniensis zone (Oxfordian-lower Kimmeridgian); J5-Clypeina jurassica zone (upper Kimmeridgian-Tithonian). This biostratigraphic scheme corresponds to those for the peri-Mediterranean Jurassic platforms, except for J2 zone and J2a subzone which are first time introduced from the Bolkar Mountains Jurassic succession. Some benthic foraminiferal taxa which are less known from the peri-Mediterranean Jurassic platforms are discussed in their taxonomic positions and local stratigraphic ranges. Riyadhella regularis which is associated with Bosniella croatica is restricted to the Bajocian, whereas in the other peri-Mediterranean platforms it ranges up to the end of the Callovian as long as Bosniella croatica. Paravalvulina complicata and Redmondoides cf. rotundatus are recorded from the lower Bathonian, below the Satorina apuliensis/Kilianina blancheti subzone (upper Bathonian). Pseudomarssonella gr. maxima is considered as a pfenderinid taxon herein, and ranges from the upper part of the lower Bathonian to the lower Tithonian. "Tokayella" taurica may be related to the genus Bosniella, and is restricted to the Kurnubia ex.gr. palastiniensis zone (Oxfordian-lower Kimmeridgian). The re-establishment of the Bolkar Daon in shallow and restricted marine environments varying from lagoon to peritidal flat of an inner platform.
Late Quaternary benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 716A, Maldives Ridge, southeastern Arabian Sea - PART 2
Authors: Sarkar Sudipta , De Soma , Gupta Anil K.
Published: June 2022

A study on deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the interval ~445 ka BP to the Present of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 716A (4°56.0′N, 73°17.0′E; present water depth 533.3m), Maldives Ridge, southeastern Arabian Sea, documented 201 species belonging to 105 genera. These taxa were examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to illustrate their interspecific morphological variations. Several of these species are dominant showing significant down core fluctuations in their abundances whereas some are rare and sporadic.
A chemical method for extracting calpionellids from indurated calcareous rocks
Authors: Duchamp-Alphonse Stephanie , Fiet Nicolas , Pagel Maurice , Remane Jurgen
Published: June 2022

Indurated calcareous rocks often offer opportunities to date and examine local palaeoenvironmental conditions from the analysis of included microfossils. While most microfossils provide valuable biostratigraphic information through thin section analysis alone, diagnostic and palaeoenvironmental information typically require free specimen observations. A range of extraction techniques are well documented for the commonly encountered robust microfossils (foraminiferas, ostracods...), but a method is still missing for the delicate calcareous groups. This paper presents a method for extracting calpionellids from highly indurated calcareous rocks. This method is based on the use of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride. These compounds form complexes with the matrix of calcareous material and render it soluble. The technique is easy, quick, economical, and produces reliable results. Importantly, for the first time it allows the observation of the delicate external morphology of calpionellid specimens using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This may prove to be helpful in better defining the taxonomic position of this group of organisms and might also be useful in determining their palaeoecological affinities. This technique might also prove applicable for other delicate groups.
Micropaleontology at the North Pole: An introduction
Authors: Kaminski Michael A. , Takahashi Kozo
Published: June 2022

Arctic Coring Expedition
Miocene deep-water agglutinated foraminifera from the Lomonosov Ridge and the opening of the Fram Strait
Authors: Kaminski Michael A. , Silye Lorand , Kender Severyn
Published: June 2022

Deep-water agglutinated Foraminifera (DWAF) were recovered from Miocene to Pliocene sediments in 103 samples from IODP Hole M0002A on the Lomonosov Ridge. The First Occurrence of DWAF in Hole M0002A is observed just above the color change corresponding to the boundary between Lithological Subunits 1/4 and 1/5 in Core section –44X-1. The foraminiferal record of Hole M0002A consists entirely of agglutinated benthic species, largely sparse assemblages containing Cyclammina pusilla and Alveolophragmium polarensis. The faunal succession in Hole M0002A is subdivided into three assemblages based on the stratigraphic ranges of characteristic taxa: (1) a relatively diverse assemblage at the base of Lithological Subunit 1/4 (Cores 44X-1 to –38X), with abundant agglutinated foraminifera including Reticulophragmium pusillum and Ammolagena clavata, indicating connections with the North Atlantic. This assemblage displays the best preservation, which is here attributed to higher concentrations of dissolved silica in pore waters (2) A less diverse assemblage characterized by Alveolophragmium polarensis with Adercotryma agterbergi, in the lower part of Lithological Subunit 1/3 (Cores –38X to –35X); (3) a sparse residual assemblage within Lithological Subunit 1/3 with Rhabdammina spp., A. polarensis and R. pusillum indicating poor preservation of organically-cemented DWAF in Cores –34X to–10X. A comparison of the DWAF assemblages from the Lomonosov Ridge with previously studied Miocene assemblages from ODP Hole 909C in the Fram Strait, Norwegian-Greenland Sea (Kaminski et al. 2005), suggests that the inflow of Atlantic intermediate water into the Arctic Ocean began prior to 17.5 Ma.
Taxonomy of middle Eocene diatom resting spores and their allied taxa from the central Arctic Basin
Authors: Suto Itsuki , Jordan Richard W. , Watanabe Mahito
Published: June 2022

In the late summer of 2004, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 302, also called the Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX), successfully drilled the first deep boreholes on the Lomonosov Ridge in the central Arctic Ocean. The well preserved fossil diatoms used here are from biosiliceous Unit 2 inHoles 2A and 4Aof middle Eocene age. In the lower part ofUnit 2, resting spores occurred abundantly with other fossil diatoms. 25 diatom resting spore taxa and five allied vegetative cell taxa are described in this study of ACEX samples. Moreover 11 diatom taxa which did not occur in these sediments are also described for comparison with the Eocene Arctic resting spores. Their biostratigraphic ranges are also indicated. 10 of the resting spore species which occur in the ACEX samples had already appeared during the late Cretaceous while the rest of them appeared in Eocene. 21 of 25 (84%) resting spore taxa became extinct during the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. Most resting spore taxa described in this study do not belong to Chaetoceros resting spores because they lack a single ring of puncta on the hypovalvemantle that characterizes the resting spores of Chaetoceros and became extinct before Oligocene, therefore it is clear that Chaetoceros did not flourish in the middle Eocene in the Arctic Ocean. Other diatom genera that produced resting spores such as Pterotheca and Pseudopyxilla, might have prospered before the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, although their vegetative cells are unknown so far. Since some Chaetoceros resting spore taxa are reported in this study, most coastal regions experienced regular seasonal environmental change, which benefitted genera such as Pterotheca, Pseudopyxilla and Odontotropis, but also there might have been some patchy coastal upwelling regions with nutrient depletion and sporadic supplieswhere Chaetoceros may have survived. The abundant dinoflagellate cysts preserved in middle Eocene ACEX cores provide evidence of stable conditions before the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. The resting spore ecology of most resting spore taxa before the Eocene may have been similar to that of dinoflagellate cysts rather than that of Chaetoceros resting spores after the Oligocene.
Recent ostracod assemblages from the northeastern coast of Vietnam and the biogeographical significance of the euryhaline species
Authors: Tanaka Gengo , Komatsu Toshifumi , Phong Nguyen Duc
Published: June 2022

We report on Recent podocopid ostracods from the northern coast of Vietnam, describe two new ostracod species (Loxoconcha vietnamensis and Caudites huyeni), and describe the appendages of Loxoconcha ocellata Ho 1982. We identified 75 species from 15 Recent surface-sediment samples and recognized three biofacies (I, II, III) based on salinity ranges. Among these, biofacies II commonly occurs in marine to brackishwaters over a wide range of salinity. The Recent ostracod assemblages of the northeastern coast of Vietnam shows a strong connection with the ostracod fauna of the coast of China.
ANÁLISE DA LIBERDADE CIENTÍFICA COMO O PRESSUPOSTO DE EXISTÊNCIA DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO
Authors: ADDOR NICOLAS
Published: June 2022

O fato de que a ciência é responsável pelo desenvolvimento nacional e pela concepção de uma visão crítica da realidade não é novidade. Alguns dos pressupostos para o seu desenvolvimento implicam na constituição de uma estrutura física bem sedimentada (com universidades, centros de pesquisa e material), recursos humanos (com os pesquisadores e programas de pós-graduação), e liberdade científica. Esse último ponto vem sendo bastante controverso ao longo da história, com diversos episódios de proibição de fazer ciência ou o remanejamento intelectual forçado para áreas de maior preferência, com ações efetuadas tanto pelo Estado, por diferentes dogmas ou mesmo pela sociedade civil. A liberdade de expressão é um pressuposto elementar para que as barreiras de antigos preceitos sejam quebradas e para que exista, ao mesmo tempo, a autonomia para formular opiniões críticas sobre concepções científicas anteriores. Ao garantir a independência da produção científica, o Estado promoverá uma segurança plena sobre os resultados auferidos pelos pesquisadores, contribuindo para a discussão democrática sobre os temas em estudo e a promoção do desenvolvimento nacional. Portanto, o presente trabalho pretende demonstrar o porquê de a liberdade científica constituir-se como um pressuposto para a sedimentação de um Estado democrático. Para tanto, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, por meio do método dedutivo. Conclui-se que a proteção jurídica do princípio da liberdade científica, apesar de sua importância como pilar da democracia, por permitir a pluralidade de ideias e teorias, não é suficientemente debatida e estudada por parte da comunidade científica brasileira. A liberdade científica é um direito fundamental, de eficácia constitucionalmente plena e com efeitos horizontais e verticais, protegido nacional e internacionalmente, seja pela liberdade do que pesquisar, pelos métodos que poderão ser utilizados, pelos resultados que poderá lograr e pela não obstrução de sua divulgação. No entanto, o princípio não é absoluto e diplomas internacionais assinados pelo Brasil reforçam que a liberdade científica deve ser revisada quando obstruir a dignidade da pessoa humana ou afetar a segurança nacional/internacional.
ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA CARCERÁRIO SOB OS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS E OS CONCEITOS DE RESSOCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: MARQUES LEONARDO ADAMI , GRECHINSKI SILVIA TURRA
Published: June 2022

Pretende-se no transcorrer desta singela análise abordar alguns aspectos teóricos que norteiam e pairam no Sistema Penitenciário Brasileiro de forma macro, além de diligenciar no sentido de promover uma análise sob a ótica dos Direitos Fundamentais, bem como dos conceitos de ressocialização, do atual sistema carcerário em vigência. O objetivo inicial deste trabalho é elencar os defeitos, muitos dos quais já são reconhecidos e são deixados de lado, e a ineficácia do sistema penitenciário brasileiro padrão. Como procedimento metodológico, a utilização de dados, públicos e de acesso geral, tais como dados fornecidos pelo CNJ, notícias de portais de ampla divulgação, pareceres das Defensorias Públicas estaduais, obras jurídicas doutrinárias de amplo respaldo e reconhecimento técnico, e afins, buscamos comprovar que as prisões brasileiras, em sua maioria, não estão aptas a ressocializar e garantir direitos fundamentais aos apenados. Nossas prisões, tais como são hoje, servem efetivamente para nada, além de propagar aquilo que cotidianamente conhecemos como "faculdade do crime". Buscou-se inicialmente, o contato direto com o apenado, a fim de verifciar in loco suas demandas e tentar identificar o “peso” que a passagem pelo sistema trouxe à sua vida singular. Infelizmente, não foi possível realizar a pesquisa junto aos apenados ou egressos do sistema em análise. Diante disso, traremos como resultado a conclusão de um ideal de movimento, ou o início da discussão de por que, para que e como reformular o sistema prisional, bem como uma ideia a partir da comparação de dados de reincidência absoluta versus um modelo prisional internacional dito como adequado atualmente, ou pelo menos um tanto mais humano.
ENSINO RELIGIOSO CONFESSIONAL NO ESTADO LAICO: PRIMEIROS COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A AÇÃO DIRETA DE INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE Nº 4.439
Authors: MATOS KLAUS UDO FROESE , SEGATO VITÓRIA PEDRUZZI
Published: June 2022

A Constituição Federal previu a facultatividade do ensino religioso na carga horária regular, ao mesmo tempo em que estabeleceu a laicidade estatal (art. 19, I) e a liberdade da consciência e de crença (art. 5º, VI), evidenciando a tênue separação entre Estado e Religião. A Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação (LDB) originariamente vedou a oneração dos cofres públicos, determinou a facultatividade do ensino e restringiu o ensino religioso ao caráter confessional ou interconfessional (art. 33, I e II). Alterações legislativas afastaram as menções à natureza do ensino, à vedação ao financiamento público e, ainda, remeter a regulamentação do conteúdo programático e da habilitação dos professores aos sistemas de ensino. Além disso, em Acordo entre Brasil e a Santa Sé, a temática foi incrementada com a menção ao ensino “católico e de outras confissões religiosas”.O embate entre laicidade estatal e ensino religioso na rede pública esteve em discussão na ADI nº 4.439, que objetivava que o ensino religioso nas escolas públicas fosse de natureza não confessional e não ministrado por representantes das religiões.Ao entender pela ausência de violação ao Estado Laico pelo ensino religioso confessional, o STF manteve as indefinições quanto à concretização da norma constitucional (art. 210, §1º, CF), mormente quanto à oneração dos cofres públicos e ao conteúdo e escolhas dos professores da disciplina.Nesse sentido, a metodologia do trabalho consiste no balizamento da realidade brasileira aos posicionamentos dos Ministros e participantes da ação, visto que, inobstante as previsões atinentes à laicidade estatal e à liberdade de consciência e de crença, estudos demonstram que o ensino religioso configura, concretamente, mera plataforma da educação religiosa – prevalecendo a difusão dos ideais cristãos, notadamente católicos. Como resultados, tem-se panorama substancialmente cético para um ensino religioso compatível com a laicidade do Estado, que proteja as liberdades e promova a cultura de tolerância à diversidade no país. O posicionamento do STF revela conivência com o ensino das religiões dominantes e excessiva confiança nos sistemas de ensino, ignorando a prevalência das religiões majoritárias e obscurantismo da definição do conteúdo lecionado que, não raro, estimula preconceito e intolerância.
A FIGURED OSTOTHEK LID FROM THE ROMAN PERIOD
Authors: ABAY Nizam
Published: June 2022

This study focused on Ostothek lid with Lion and woman figure from today's fire brigade department area in the Ilgın district center. This Ostothek lid is made of local limestone with the front part finished. On the lid of the Ostothek, a standing lion figure depicted from the front is seen. When style criticism is made with the likeness of the lion figure on the lid; It is thought that it is designed for protective and frightening purposes. The schematized female figure between the front legs of the standing lion figure is also interesting. Giving this female figure dressed as Peplos vs Himation between the feet of a lion is a symbol that the owner of the tomb is protected from evil and is under protection. The dress folds of the figure, which are given as a superficial relief, provide clues to the find and date of the lid. This find should probably have been brought from ancient settlements near Ilgın. Because this archaeological find in the Ilgin district has close stylistic and iconographic similarities in Antiquity with the female figures of the Mountain Phrygia region. The style and iconographic features that emerged as a result of the comparison made with the similar figures of both the lion and the female figure show that this Ostothek lid belongs to the second half of the 2nd century AD.
IoT Based Drone for Pesticides Spraying
Authors: Shakil Shaikh  , Swapnil Bangal  , Rushikesh Garje  , Shraddha Tambe  , Shubham Patil
Published: June 2022

The drones will carry pesticides to spray all over the farm, reducing the work of farmers and completing their tasks faster. Pesticides and fertilizer spraying are most important process in the agriculture field for good production of crop. This application provides the user-friendly interface for farmers. Drone is a pesticide spraying quadcopter for agriculture purpose which reduce the amount of work required by the farmer by allowing him to spray pesticides evenly over all the land. Using an Android app, the farmer can operate the drone, and he can connect to the app using a Wi-Fi module in the drone. Regardless of the shape of the field or type of crop, the drone will spray pesticide it will precisely route the area of that farmer's land. This project uses the Nodemcu board, which is an open source electronics prototype platform with an inbuilt Wi-Fi module. Using the accelerometer and gyro (MPU6050), we have balanced the directions and orientations.
Molybdenum supplementation of fat-tailed ewes diets in an arid region
Authors: GAYIRBEGOV Djunaydi Sharamazanovich , MANDZHIEV Dmitry Borisovich , TYURBEEV Tseden Badmaevich
Published: June 2022

The study aimed to establish the normal molybdenum requirements for open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions. The study was carried out in the production conditions of the Buddha farm of the Republic of Kalmykia (Russia). The norm has been established based on a detailed study of the molybdenum content in organs and tissues and the degree of its absorption from the diet, considering the endogenous losses. It has been established that the norm of molybdenum is 4.5 mg per head per day, 2.8 mg per 1 kg of dry matter of the diet and 0.80 mg per 1 kg of live weight of a single ewe. Recommendations have been made to solve the problem of molybdenum deficiency in the diet of open ewes of meat-and-fat breeds in arid climatic conditions of Republic of Kalmykia.