bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Subgrid Model for the Growth of Dust Particles in Hydrodynamical Simulations of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Tamfal Tomas , Dra̧żkowska Joanna , Mayer Lucio , Surville Clement
Published: August 2018

We present the first 2D hydrodynamical finite-volume simulations in which dust is fully coupled with the gas, including its back-reaction onto it, and at the same time the dust size is evolving according to coagulation and fragmentation based on a subgrid model. The aim of this analysis is to present the differences occurring when dust evolution is included relative to simulations with fixed dust size, with and without an embedded Jupiter-mass planet that triggers gap formation. We use the two-fluid polar Godunov-type code RoSSBi developed by Surville et al. combined with a new local subgrid method for dust evolution based on the model by Birnstiel et al. We find striking differences between simulations with variable and fixed dust sizes. The timescales for dust depletion differ significantly and yield a completely different evolution of the dust surface density. In general, sharp features such as pileups of dust in the inner disk and near gap edges, when a massive planet is present, become much weaker. This has important implications for the interpretation of observed substructure in disks, suggesting that the presence of a massive planet does not necessarily cause sharp gaps and rings in the dust component. Also, particles with different dust sizes show a different distribution, pointing to the importance of multiwavelength synthetic observations in order to compare with observations by ALMA and other instruments. We also find that simulations adopting fixed intermediate particle sizes, in the range of 10−2 to 10−1 cm, best approximate the surface density evolution seen in simulations with dust evolution.
On the Radial Metallicity Gradient and Radial Migration Effect of the Galactic Disk
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Chen Yuqin , Zhao Gang , Xue Xiangxiang , Zhao Jingkun , Yang Chengqun , Li Chengdong
Published: August 2018

We study the radial metallicity gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR

g
as a function of [Mg/Fe] and

with the help of a guiding radius based on the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Gaia and then analyze the radial migration effect on the radial metallicity gradient and metallicity-rotation gradient between the Galactic thin and thick disks. The derived trend of gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR

g
versus [Mg/Fe] shows a transition at [Mg/Fe] ∼0.18 dex, below which the gradient is negative and varies a little as [Mg/Fe] increases; however, it changes sharply in [Mg/Fe] ranges of 0.16–0.18, above which the gradient increases linearly with increasing [Mg/Fe], being a positive value at [Mg/Fe] ≳ 0.22 dex. These positive gradients in the high-[Mg/Fe] populations are found at

kpc, and there are nearly no gradients toward higher

. By comparing the metallicity distributions, the radial metallicity gradients Δ[M/H]/ΔR, and the metallicity-rotation gradients between the total sample and

subsample (or

subsample), we find that, for the thick disk, blurring flattens the gradient Δ[M/H]/ΔR and favors metal-poor high-eccentricity stars. These stars are responsible for the measured positive metallicity-rotation gradient of the thick disk.
Observational Evidence of Interchange Reconnection between a Solar Coronal Hole and a Small Emerging Active Region
Authors: Kong D. F. , Pan G. M. , Yan X. L. , Wang J. C. , Li Q. L.
Published: August 2018

In this Letter, we present a case study of interchange reconnection between a coronal hole (CH) and a small emerging active region. The small active region emerges at the edge of the CH. Following the emergence of the small active region, the expansion of the arcade loops connecting the negative and the positive polarities of the active region can be clearly seen in 211 and 171 Å observations. During the emergence, the active region develops loop connections to the boundary of the CH, leading to its retreat. The latter has fast and slow phases at speeds of about 2.3 km s−1 and 0.4 km s−1, respectively. By the end, these newly formed closed loops occupy most of the pre-emergence CH. From the line-of-sight magnetograms observed by Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, the magnetic polarity in the CH is mainly positive and the leading sunspot of the active region has negative polarity. It is consistent with the condition of interchange reconnection. Moreover, the potential field source surface model is used to extrapolate the coronal magnetic fields. From a sequence of extrapolation potential fields, it is clear that the open fields in the CH close down, and the closed field at the east of the active region becomes an open field. These observations and the extrapolations of the potential fields suggest that interchange reconnection occurs between the CH and the small emerging active region and is driven by the flux emergence process.
Le changement climatique dans les cartes de la Route de la Soie : les contributions négligées de l’Expédition sino-suédoise de 1927-1935
Authors: Forêt Philippe
Published: August 2018

Cet article propose une critique de l’histoire des sciences du climat pendant la première moitié du xx e siècle en mettant en rapport l’histoire de l’environnement de la Haute Asie comme sujet de recherche pour l’Europe savante, et l’évaluation de théories et de données sur le changement climatique. Nos sources d’information sont les publications de Sven Hedin et les archives et les cartes de la mission scientifique sino-suédoise en Chine occidentale. Réalisées en Asie mais conçues pour des lecteurs européens, les cartes topographiques de la Route de la Soie montrent les processus du savoir de l’époque, et représentent des agents de l’histoire ainsi que des identités professionnelles en construction.
De l’élève « perturbateur » à l’enfant « en souffrance ». Le traitement de la souffrance des enfants à l’école primaire : « agency » ou étiquetage
Authors: Giuliani Frédérique
Published: August 2018

Au sein des écoles situées en REP, les termes de «  souffrance  », de «  mal-être  », d’«  enfants qui vont mal  » ou «  qui ne vont pas bien  » sont désormais mobilisés par les acteurs scolaires pour requalifier les conduites d’élèves repérés comme «  perturbateurs  » et «  inadéquats  ». Quel traitement des élèves est mis en œuvre au nom de leur pâtir ? Quel statut leur est attribué lorsqu’ils sont reconnus et traités comme des élèves «  en souffrance  » ? Cet article vise à montrer que la construction de l’enfant dans le registre de la souffrance produit deux traitements différents, en fonction de l’organisation du travail qui s’établit entre les professionnels. L’un tendrait à produire de la stigmatisation, l’autre viserait plutôt à permettre aux élèves de développer des capacités relatives à des situations. L’article tente également d’expliquer comment les professionnels peuvent basculer de l’une à l’autre conception de la souffrance des élèves.
Trajectoires de formation des jeunes migrants en situation juridique précaire : logiques de mobilisation de ressources face à des contraintes multiples
Authors: Bolzman Claudio , Felder Alexandra , Fernandez Antonio
Published: August 2018

Le but de cet article est d’analyser les trajectoires de formation « post-obligatoires » des jeunes migrants sans statut légal reconnu (sans papiers) ou avec un statut juridique précaire (requérants d’asile et admissions provisoires) arrivés en Suisse en cours de scolarité, notamment vers la fin du secondaire I. À partir de vingt entretiens semi-directifs, il s’agit de comprendre quelles sont leurs chances de poursuivre leur formation et d’obtenir un diplôme secondaire général ou professionnel. Il s’agit également de prendre en considération divers facteurs pouvant avoir une influence sur leurs trajectoires de formation. Outre les facteurs juridiques liés à leur statut de séjour, les facteurs individuels, familiaux et institutionnels sont examinés, en tenant compte des contraintes et des stratégies de différents acteurs, notamment des jeunes et de leurs familles . Une typologie permet de distinguer trois modalités principales dans les trajectoires de ces jeunes.
Nouvelles figures du « social » et reconfigurations de la normativité scolaire
Authors: Maroy Christian
Published: August 2018

Si de nouvelles problématiques sociales interpellent les professionnels dans les écoles, il est important de comprendre à partir de quel référentiel d’action publique de nouvelles attentes sociales à l’égard de l’institution scolaire sont progressivement formulées. Cet article vise à identifier la logique discursive d’un référentiel émergent de l’école inclusive et efficace qui assigne à l’institution scolaire un rôle clé d’inclusion et de cohésion sociale, missions sociales cependant subordonnées à la capacité des établissements scolaires à développer une efficacité pédagogique et éducative. Ce référentiel rehausse les attentes et brouille les frontières entre missions de performance, de démocratisation, de cohésion sociale et de subjectivation poursuivies par les établissements scolaires. Combinant le discours de l’école « inclusive » et de l’école « performante », il a pour vertu paradoxale de compenser (partiellement) le manque de légitimité du discours de la nouvelle gestion publique sur l’école. Pourtant, dans les situations concrètes, cette nouvelle normativité appelant tout à la fois à l’efficacité, l’équité, la dignité de tous et au développement des capacités et de la responsabilité de chacun, semble loin de pouvoir éliminer tensions et contradictions pratiques et axiologiques.
Coordinated Reasoning and Augmented Individualism
Authors: Stirling Wynn C. , Tummolini Luca
Published: August 2018

Une composante essentielle de toute théorie de raisonnement en équipe est une définition formelle de la rationalité de groupe, et des intérêts collectifs qui motivent le raisonnement des membres de l’équipe. Cet article suggère qu’une notion opérationnelle de coordination peut remplir ce rôle, en évitant d’attribuer à un groupe des préférences qui lui seraient propres. La coordination est une notion fondamentalement collective, et est complémentaire – ainsi que distincte – à la notion de performance, qui est une notion fondamentalement individuelle. Ces deux dimensions de rationalité collective, qui se manifeste par le degré de coordination, et de rationalité individuelle, qui se manifeste par le degré de performance, sont nécessaires pour appréhender pleinement les comportements de groupe dans un environnement social. La théorie des jeux conditionnels offre un cadre mathématique flexible au sein duquel les individus peuvent moduler leurs préférences en réponse à l’influence sociale que les autres exercent sur eux. La propagation de l’influence sociale au sein d’un réseau social permet de faire émerger un modèle social exhaustif, qui offre simultanément une définition opérationnelle de rationalité de groupe, ainsi qu’un concept opérationnel de rationalité individuelle augmentée, qui ensemble définissent un concept de raisonnement coordonné.
Measuring Nutrition and Food Literacy in Adults: A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Existing Measurement Tools
Authors: Yuen Eva Y. N. , Thomson Maria , Gardiner Heather
Published: August 2018

Background:

Nutrition literacy (NL) and food literacy (FL) have emerged as key components in the promotion and maintenance of healthy dietary practices. However, a critical appraisal of existing tools is required to advance the operationalization and measurement of these constructs using instruments that demonstrate sound validity and reliability.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched in January and July 2016, January 2017, and March 2018 for publications detailing the development and/or testing of NL or FL instruments. Instruments' psychometric properties were assessed using a structured methodological framework. We identified 2,563 new titles and abstracts, and short-listed 524 for full review. The extent to which key domains of NL were included in each measure was examined.

Key Results:

Thirteen instruments assessing NL underwent full evaluation; seven from the United States, and one each from Australia, Norway, Switzerland, Italy, Hong Kong, and Japan. Measures targeted general Spanish-, Italian-, or Cantonese-speaking adults; primary care patients, parent, and populations with breast cancer. Instruments ranged from 6 to 64 items, and they predominantly assessed functional NL rather than broader domains of NL. Substantial variation in methodological rigor was observed across measures.

Discussion:

Multidimensional and psychometrically sound measures that capture broader domains of NL and assess FL are needed.

Plain Language Summary:

This review systemically compiles, and critically appraises 13 existing measures that assess nutrition literacy and food literacy in an adult population. Substantial variation in methodological rigor was found across the measures, and most tools assessed nutrition literacy rather than food literacy. Findings from this current review may be useful to guide development of future measures that comprehensively capture nutrition literacy and food literacy.

[
HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice

.
2018;2(3):e134–e160.]
Inventory of Lowland-Breeding Birds on the Alaska Peninsula
Authors: Savage Susan E. , Tibbitts T. Lee , Sesser Kristin A. , Kaler Robb A.S.
Published: August 2018

We conducted the first systematic inventory of birds in the lowlands (areas ≤100 m above sea level) of the Alaska Peninsula during summers of 2004–2007 to determine their breeding distributions and habitat associations in this remote region. Using a stratified random survey design, we allocated sample plots by elevation and land cover with a preference for wetland cover types used by shorebirds, a group of particular interest to land managers. We surveyed birds during 10-min counts at 792 points across 52, 5 km × 5 km sample plots distributed from south of the Naknek River (58.70°N,157.00°W) to north of Port Moller (56.00°N,160.52°W). We detected 95 bird species including 19 species of shorebirds and 34 species (36% of total) considered at the time to be of conservation concern for the land managers in the region. The most numerous shorebirds on point counts were dunlin Calidris alpina, short-billed dowitcher Limnodromus griseus, and Wilson's snipe Gallinago delicata. We found the breeding-season endemic marbled godwit Limosa fedoa beringiae at 20 plots within a 3,000-km2 area from north of Ugashik Bay to just north of Port Heiden and east to the headwaters of the Dog Salmon and Ugashik rivers. The most abundant passerines on point counts were American tree sparrow Spizelloides arborea, Lapland longspur Calcarius lapponicus, and savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis. Sandhill crane Antigone canadensis, glaucous-winged gull Larus glaucescens, and greater scaup Aythya marila were also relatively abundant. We categorized habitat associations for 30 common species and found that lowland herbaceous vegetation supported wetland-focused species including sandhill crane, marbled godwit, short-billed dowitcher, and dunlin; whereas, dwarf shrub-ericaceous vegetation supported tundra-associated species such as willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus, rock sandpiper Calidris ptilocnemis, and American pipit Anthus rubescens. Tall shrub vegetation was important to several species of warblers and sparrows, as well as one species of shorebird (greater yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca). We found that point counts augmented with incidental observations provided an almost complete inventory of lowland-breeding species on the study area. These data form a baseline to monitor any future changes in bird distribution and abundance on the Alaska Peninsula.
A Context-Driven Commit Protocol for Enhancing Transactional Services Performance in Pervasive Environments
Authors: Ettazi Widad , Hafiddi Hatim , Nassar Mahmoud
Published: August 2018

The proposed techniques for wireless environments during the last decade have limited support for dynamically changing environments. Due to its nature, the mobile computing environment is extremely dynamic and subject to rapid and unpredictable changes. Similarly, the characteristics of mobile applications affect their transactional requirements. The challenge is to reflect on solutions offering more flexibility and adaptability. In this article, the contribution was focused mainly on the problem of atomic commit that ensures the atomicity property. The trail of adapting mobile transaction commit protocols to context changes has been explored. This has led to the formalization of a flexible transaction model CATSM that supports adaptable properties and a commit protocol CA-TCP that enables adaptation to application requirements and mobile context in terms of transactional properties and execution cost. An architecture based on the concept of adaptation policy has also been designed for the implementation of the proposed solution.
Implications for Poor Public Healthcare System of South Korea Revealed in MERS Outbreak
Authors: Kim MyungHee
Published: August 2018

This article aims to prevent the possible recurrence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) by understanding the status of South Korea's public healthcare system through a literature review. In addition, it presents measures to reinforce the public health system by analyzing the roles and limitations of the health authority, which plays a key role in preventing the spread of this infectious disease, through their response to the recent MERS outbreak in the country. Based on the analysis, the results showed the following implications: (1) Community health centers need to expand and reinforce their functions. It is important to publish response manuals at the national level and regularly educate and train medical service providers on infectious disease control, especially against diseases such as MERS. Accordingly, manpower and facilities must be developed. (2) Public hospitals located in regional hubs must expand to establish a public healthcare system. Public healthcare and emergency healthcare systems should be established by connecting community health centers, regional hub hospitals, and national university hospitals. The improvements in the facility must to be supported to help increase the efficiency of public health system. (3) Awareness among people must increase with respect to the prevention of infectious diseases and managing direct contact with infected patients. Most importantly, education and training on infectious disease prevention must be regularly provided to the public, and social support systems and programs must be organized for the infected people who are in self-isolation.
Predicting Customers' Churn Using Data Mining Technique and its Effect on the Development of Marketing Applications in Value-Added Services in Telecom Industry
Authors: Shokouhyar Sajjad , Saeidpour Parna , Otarkhani Ali
Published: August 2018

This article aims to predict reasons behind customers' churn in the mobile communication market. In this study, different data mining techniques such as logistic regression, decision trees, artificial neural networks, and K-nearest neighbor were examined. In addition, the general trend of the use of the techniques is presented, in order to identify and analyze customers' behavior and discover hidden patterns in the database of an active Coin the field of VAS1for mobile phones. Based on the results of this article, organizations and companies active in this area can identify customers' behavior and develop the required marketing strategies for each group of customers.
A Novel Approach to Distributed Rule Matching and Multiple Firing Based on MapReduce
Authors: Dong Tianyang , Cheng Qiang , Cao Bin , Shi Jianwei
Published: August 2018

In order to solve the poor performance problem of massive rules reasoning, as well as the inconsistency problem of working memory in distributed rule matching, this article presents the formal definition of interference relations between rules, and proposes a novel approach to distributed rule matching and multiple firing based on MapReduce. This approach adopts the way of access request control to detect and exclude interference rules, then selects several rule instantiations to perform multiple firing and concurrent execution, thus reducing the number of inference cycles effectively. By detecting the interferences between rules, this method selects and executes compatible rule sets, and avoids the inconsistency problem of system working memory. In order to verify the validity of the authors' approach, this article developes a production system based on MapReduce, and applied this approach in the master server of a distributed production system. The experimental results show that their method can promote the performance of massive rules reasoning effectively.
A Randomized, Multiple-Dose, Multicenter, Comparative Parallel Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Infusion of Rituximab (Hetero) and Reference Medicinal Product (Rituximab, Roche) in Indian Patients of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HERILY)
Authors: Advani Suresh , Biswas Ghanashyam , Sinha Shubhadeep , Rayala Neetu Naidu , Chary Sreenivasa , Thakur Pankaj , Tripathi Santanu , Bandi Vamsi Krishna ,   Anushrita
Published: August 2018

Objective: To compare the antitumor efficacy, safety, and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of Hetero-rituximab (test) with reference medicinal product (rituximab, Roche) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients and Methods: One hundred and thirty-five patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were randomized to receive intravenous infusion of either test or reference product. Efficacy (best overall response [BOR] rate [primary end point]), safety, PD (CD19), and immunological assessments (secondary end points) were done at the end of cycle 3 and cycle 6. Results:: At the end of 6 cycles, BOR rate was 73.47% in Hetero-rituximab test arm compared to the 69.09% in reference arm. Anti-rituximab antibodies were found to be negative at cycle 3 and cycle 6 for all patients. Patients treated with Hetero-rituximab show a significant depletion in CD19+ cell which was comparable with reference drug. Safety and immunogenic potential of the test drug was comparable to the reference drug in the patients of DLBCL. Conclusion: BOR rate at cycle 3, cycle 6, and end of the study lies within the prespecified limit for noninferiority which concludes that test product is therapeutically noninferior to reference medicinal product.
Incidence of Neuropathy with Weekly Paclitaxel and Role of Oral Glutamine Supplementation for Prevention of Paclitaxel Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abbas Waseem , Rao Ranga Raju , Agarwal Amit , Saha Rajat , Bajpai Peush , Qureshi Suhail , Mittal Aditi
Published: August 2018

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is damage to the peripheral nerve. The most common cause of neuropathy is paclitaxel. Several avenues have been explored to ameliorate the neurotoxicity associated with paclitaxel. Clinical studies have assessed the efficacy of glutamine with different doses and schedules to prevent gastrointestinal toxicity (mucositis, diarrhea) and peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving a variety of chemotherapy agents or radiation therapy and found that glutamine can prevent paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Total of 50 patients, aged 30 or more with diagnosis of cancer and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria, formed the study population. We assigned 25 patients to the glutamine group and 25 patients to no glutamine group. All patients received weekly paclitaxel. Results:: The incidence of neuropathy of all grades at 3 months was 78% and at 6 months was 80%.In this study, most common symptom reported was numbness in toes (74%). In this study, Grade 1 was the most common grade of symptom reported by the patient (40%–50%). 2nd, 3rd, and 4th most common grade of symptom reported by the patient was Grade 0, Grade 2, and Grade 3, respectively. There was no Grade 4 symptom reported by any patient. All the symptoms were statistically comparable in both groups (Myalgias: P = 0.066, Arthralgia: P = 0.93, Dysesthesia: P = 0.82, Paresthesia: P = 0.92, Numbness fingers: P = 0.97, Numbness toes: P = 0.60). In our study, there was no incidence of cranial nerve weakness or any incidence of the postural drop. The electrophysiological study is the best tool available and can detect neuropathy at the very earlier stage even when the clinical exam is negative. Apart from that nature of neuropathy can be determined but grading is not possible which makes very difficult to decide on follow-up examinations when the physician should intervene. Moreover, there are fluctuations in SNAP and CMAP, and these fluctuations are most probably related to the innate variability of serial nerve conduction study parameters, particularly motor and sensory amplitude. Glutamine did not prevent neurotoxicity induced by weekly paclitaxel.
Chromobacterium violaceum in Northern Australia: A Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing?
Authors: Young Alice , Smith Simon , Horne Peter , Thomsett Bronwyn , Hanson Josh
Published: August 2018

In many parts of the world, the case-fatality rate of Chromobacterium violaceum infection approaches 60%. To evaluate the spectrum of disease associated with C. violaceum in Far North Queensland (FNQ), Australia, we reviewed all culture-confirmed isolates from 1997 to 2017. There were 28 isolates, 15 represented infection, 11 were contaminants, and two charts were destroyed preventing detailed evaluation of these cases. The most common sites of infection were the skin and soft tissue and the urinary tract; there were two cases of bacteremia without focus. There were no deaths attributable to C. violaceum during the study period and only two cases required intensive care unit support, although in both patients this was not for the C. violaceum infection, but for the management of other health issues. Globally, C. violaceum has a reputation as a deadly pathogen, but in FNQ, Australia, infections usually follow a relatively benign course.
Ecotoxicology of sediment in the estuary of the Jundiaí and Potengi Rivers in Natal-RN, Brazil, by using Leptocheirus plumulosus as test-organism
Authors: Lopes Rejane Batista , Souza Raquel Franco de , Silva-Nicodemo Sinara Cybelle Turíbio , Cruz Jessica Vitória Felix , Medeiros Guilherme Fulgencio de
Published: August 2018

The estuary of the Potengi and Jundiaí Rivers is situated on the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, and has a record of contamination by metals and organic contaminants. However, there are few studies regarding the toxic effects of pollution on the aquatic organisms from this area. The objective was to assess the quality of sediments from the Jundiaí and Potengi Rivers, by the use of toxicity tests with the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus. The sediments were collected from 4 sites, in 4 different months along 2011. After data analysis, it was possible to observe that the sediments collected close to the most populated areas of Macaíba and Natal (P1 and P3) were toxic. Sediment from the Station 4 did not show toxicity in any of the months studied, despite its urban location near the port of Natal. This result might be related to a low level of organic matter and greater tidal influence, which affect the dilution of the contaminants at this area and can reduce the sediment toxicity. No relationship between rainfall and environmental toxicity was observed.
Developing a protocol whole sediment toxicity testing with the polychaete Armandia agilis
Authors: Saes Renan Vandre Silva Toscano , Moreira Lucas Buruaem , Davanso Marcela Bergo , Perina Fernando Cesar , Abessa Denis Moledo Souza
Published: August 2018

Sediments constitute a key compartment of coastal and marine ecosystems. They also constitute the ultimate sink for most of the chemical substances and a source of contamination to the benthic fauna. In this study, we aimed to develop a protocol for acute toxicity tests using the polychaete Armandia agilis as a model species. To achieve that, we evaluated the species tolerance to the salinity of overlying water (in the presence and absence of sediment), the tolerance to sediments with different particle sizes, the sensitivity to reference substances (potassium dichromate – K2Cr2O7, zinc sulfate – ZnSO4; and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate - SDS), and the responses to clean and contaminated sediments. The species survives in several latitudes on the American coast (North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, and South-Southeast of Brazil) in different haline conditions (above 20) in typically sandy textures. In Ilhabela (SE Brazil), the species was available throughout the year. The LC50-48h values calculated to the K2Cr2O7, ZnSO4, and SDS, were 20.94 (33.38-14.04); 4.25 (7.66-2.98); 4.90 (6.59-3.84) mg L-1 respectively; thus A. agilis can be considered as sensitive as other benthic organisms. The responses of A. agilis to environmental sediments were similar to those exhibited by the amphipod Tiburonella viscana, showing that this polychaete is responsive to contaminated sediments. Armandia agilis can be considered a promising organism to be used in sediment toxicity tests.
Using rapid assessment of marine pollution (RAMP) techniques to assess the quality of marine sediments
Authors: Abessa Denis Moledo de Souza , Bícego Márcia Caruso , Sousa Eduinetty Ceci Pereira Moreira de , Zaroni Leticia Pires , Rachid Bauer Rodarte de Figueredo , Arnalot Elisabet Cornet , Fillmann Gilberto , Readman James , Depledge Michael
Published: August 2018

Sediments represent an important environmental compartment, because they provide substrate for a range of species and may accumulate contaminants in high concentrations. However, the universe of methods to assess the quality of sediments is still small. This investigation aimed to assess the quality of sediments from some sites of Ubatuba (SE Brazil). To achieve that, sediments were analyzed for the presence of PAHs, by immunoassay ELISA kit for the carcinogenic PAH (c-PAH) RaPID Assay, and for toxicity to amphipods, sea-urchin embryos and direct exposure of mussel hemocytes and measurements of the nuetral red retention time (NRTT). Results showed higher levels of PAHs in sediments from Itagua and Ribeira, those more intensely affected by contamination sources. The ecotoxicological analyses indicated these two sites as more degraded, together with the sediments from Lamberto Beach, which is also influenced by nautical activities. The NRRT correlated with the quantities of PAHs in sediments. We concluded that Ribeira Bay and Itaguá Beach need more detailed investigation on pollution and that the NRRT assay exposing directly hemocytes to sediment elutriates can be a useful tool to assessing sediment quality.
Archaeal Diversity in a Municipal Wastewater Sludge
Authors: Williams Daniel , W. Brown James
Published: August 2018

The diversity of Archaea in a municipal wastewater sludge sample was investigated by amplification of ribosomal RNA genes from sludge DNA using archaeal-specific primers. Surprisingly, a large fraction (32%) of these sequences were from Halobacteriales, not previously seen in surveys of wastewater sludge. Other abundant sequences were from members of uncultivated ‘environmental’ archaeal groups that are commonly detected in sludge and sediment environments. Only a few distant relatives of Methanosarcina (which are commonly thought of as the predominant methanogenic species in sludge environments) were detected.
HOx and NOx production in oxidation flow reactors via photolysis of isopropyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite-d7, and 1,3-propyl dinitrite at λ = 254, 350, and 369 nm
Authors: Lambe Andrew , Krechmer Jordan , Peng Zhe , Casar Jason , Carrasquillo Anthony , Raff Jonathan , Jimenez Jose , Worsnop Douglas
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Oxidation ﬂow reactors (OFRs) are an emerging technique for studying the formation and oxidative aging of organic aerosols and other applications. In these ﬂow reactors, hydroxyl radicals (OH), hydroperoxyl radicals (HO2), and nitric oxide (NO) are typically produced in the following ways: photolysis of ozone (O3) at λ = 254 nm, photolysis of H2O at λ = 185 nm, and via reactions of O(1D) with H2O and nitrous oxide (N2O); O(1D) is formed via photolysis of O3 at λ = 254 nm and/or N2O at λ = 185 nm. Here, we adapt a complementary method that uses alkyl nitrite photolysis as a source of OH via its production of HO2 and NO followed by the reaction NO + HO2 → NO2 + OH. We present experimental and model characterization of the OH exposure and NOx levels generated via photolysis of C3 alkyl nitrites (isopropyl nitrite, perdeuterated isopropyl nitrite, 1,3-propyl dinitrite) in the Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) OFR as a function of photolysis wavelength (λ = 254 to 369 nm) and organic nitrite concentration (0.5 to 20 ppm). We also apply this technique in conjunction with chemical ionization mass spectrometer measurements of multifunctional oxidation products generated following the exposure of α-pinene to HOx and NOx obtained using both isopropyl nitrite and O3 + H2O + N2O as the radical precursors.
Abrupt cold events in the North Atlantic Ocean in a transient Holocene simulation
Authors: Klus Andrea , Prange Matthias , Varma Vidya , Tremblay Louis Bruno , Schulz Michael
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Abrupt cold events have been detected in numerous North Atlantic
climate records from the Holocene. Several mechanisms have been discussed as
possible triggers for these climate shifts persisting decades to centuries.
Here, we describe two abrupt cold events that occurred during an orbitally
forced transient Holocene simulation using the Community Climate System Model
version 3. Both events occurred during the late Holocene (4305–4267 BP and
3046–3018 BP for event 1 and event 2, respectively). They were characterized by substantial surface
cooling (−2.3 and −1.8 ∘C, respectively) and freshening (−0.6
and −0.5 PSU, respectively) as well as severe sea ice advance east of
Newfoundland and south of Greenland, reaching as far as the Iceland Basin in
the northeastern Atlantic at the climaxes of the cold events. Convection and
deep-water formation in the northwestern Atlantic collapsed during the
events, while the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation was not
substantially affected (weakening by only about 10 % and 5 %,
respectively). The events were triggered by prolonged phases of a positive
North Atlantic Oscillation that caused substantial changes in the subpolar ocean
circulation and associated freshwater transports, resulting in a weakening of
the subpolar gyre. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which abrupt
cold events in the North Atlantic region may be triggered by internal climate
variability without the need of an external (e.g., solar or volcanic) forcing.
Implementing northern peatlands in a global land surface model: description and evaluation in the ORCHIDEE high-latitude version model (ORC-HL-PEAT)
Authors: Largeron Chloé , Krinner Gerhard , Ciais Philippe , Brutel-Vuilmet Claire
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Widely present in boreal regions, peatlands contain large carbon stocks
because of their hydrologic properties and high water content, which makes
primary productivity exceed decomposition rates. We have enhanced the global
land surface model ORCHIDEE by introducing a hydrological representation of
northern peatlands. These peatlands are represented as a new plant functional
type (PFT) in the model, with specific hydrological properties for peat soil.
In this paper, we focus on the representation of the hydrology of northern
peatlands and on the evaluation of the hydrological impact of this
implementation. A prescribed map based on the inventory of Yu et al. (2010)
defines peatlands as a fraction of a grid cell represented as a PFT
comparable to C3 grasses, with adaptations to reproduce shallow roots and
higher photosynthesis stress. The treatment of peatland hydrology differs
from that of other vegetation types by the fact that runoff from other soil
types is partially directed towards the peatlands (instead of directly to the
river network). The evaluation of this implementation was carried out at
different spatial and temporal scales, from site evaluation to larger scales
such as the watershed scale and the scale of all northern latitudes. The
simulated net ecosystem exchanges agree with observations from three FLUXNET
sites. Water table positions were generally close to observations, with some
exceptions in winter. Compared to other soils, the simulated peat soils have
a reduced seasonal variability in water storage. The seasonal cycle of the
simulated extent of inundated peatlands is compared to flooded area as
estimated from satellite observations. The model is able to represent more
than 89.5 % of the flooded areas located in peatland areas, where the
modelled extent of inundated peatlands reaches 0.83×106 km2.
However, the extent of peatlands in northern latitudes is too small to
substantially impact the large-scale terrestrial water storage north of
45∘ N. Therefore, the inclusion of peatlands has a weak impact on
the simulated river discharge rates in boreal regions.
Analysis fire patterns and drivers with a global SEVER-FIRE model
incorporated into Dynamic Global Vegetation Model and satellite
and on-ground observations
Authors: Venevsky Sergey , Le Page Yannick , Pereira José M. C. , Wu Chao
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Biomass burning is an important environmental process with a strong influence on vegetation and on the atmospheric composition. It competes with microbes and herbivores to convert biomass to CO2 and it is a major contributor of gases and aerosols to the atmosphere. To better understand and predict global fire occurrence, fire models have been developed and coupled to Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) and Earth System Models (ESMs). We present SEVER-FIRE (Socio-Economic and natural Vegetation ExpeRimental global fire model which is incorporated into the SEVER-DGVM. One of the major focuses of SEVER-FIRE model is an implementation of pyrogenic behaviour of humans (timing of their activities and their willingness/necessity to ignite or supress fire), related to socio-economic and demographic conditions in a geographical domain of the model application. Burned areas and emissions from the SEVER model are compared to the Global Fire Emission Database version 2 (GFED), derived from satellite observations, while number of fires are compared with regional historical fire statistics. We focus both on the model output accuracy and on its assumptions regarding fire drivers, and perform: 1– An evaluation of the predicted spatial and temporal patterns, focusing on fire incidence, seasonality and inter-annual variability. 2– Analyses to evaluate the assumptions concerning the etiology, or causation, of fire, including climatic and anthropogenic drivers, as well as the type and amount of vegetation. SEVER reproduces the main features of climate driven inter-annual fire variability at a regional scale, such as the large fires associated with the 1997–98 El Niño event in Indonesia, Central and South America, which had critical ecological and atmospheric impacts. Spatial and seasonal patterns of fire incidence reveal some model inaccuracies, and we discuss the implications of the distribution of vegetation types inferred by the DGVM, and of assumed proxies of human fire practices. We further suggest possible development directions, to enable such models to better project future fire activity.
The influence of diurnal snowmelt and transpiration on hillslope throughflow and stream response
Authors: Woelber Brett , Maneta Marco P. , Harper Joel , Jencso Kelsey G. , Gardner W. Payton , Wilcox Andrew C. , López-Moreno Ignacio
Published: August 2018

Abstract. During spring, daily stream flow and groundwater dynamics in forested subalpine catchments
are to a large extent controlled by hydrological processes that
respond to the day–night energy cycle. Diurnal snowmelt and transpiration
events combine to induce pressure variations in the soil water storage that
are propagated to the stream. In headwater catchments these pressure
variations can account for a significant amount of the total pressure in the
system and control the magnitude, duration, and timing of stream inflow
pulses at daily scales, especially in low-flow systems. Changes in the
radiative balance at the top of the snowpack can alter the diurnal hydrologic
dynamics of the hillslope–stream system, with potential ecological and
management consequences. We present a detailed hourly dataset of atmospheric, hillslope, and
streamflow measurements collected during one melt season from a semi-alpine
headwater catchment in western Montana, US. We use this dataset to
investigate the timing, pattern, and linkages among snowmelt-dominated
hydrologic processes and assess the role of the snowpack, transpiration, and
hillslopes in mediating daily movements of water from the top of the snowpack
to local stream systems. We found that the amount of snowpack cold content
accumulated during the night, which must be overcome every morning before
snowmelt resumes, delayed water recharge inputs by up to 3 h early in the
melt season. These delays were further exacerbated by multi-day storms (cold
fronts), which resulted in significant depletions in the soil and stream
storages. We also found that both diurnal snowmelt and transpiration signals
are present in the diurnal soil and stream storage fluctuations, although the
individual contributions of these processes are difficult to discern. Our
analysis showed that the hydrologic response of the snow–hillslope–stream
system is highly sensitive to atmospheric drivers at hourly scales and that
variations in atmospheric energy inputs or other stresses are quickly
transmitted and alter the intensity, duration, and timing of snowmelt pulses
and soil water extractions by vegetation, which ultimately drive variations
in soil and stream water pressures.
Populism: A puzzle without (and for) world-systems analysis
Authors: Gates Leslie
Published: August 2018

This essay shows how world-systems analysis provides a more rigorous explanation for the recent rise of disparate populisms, countering negative stereotypes of mainstream accounts that obscure how formative populist leaders emerged from authentic progressive movements which challenged capitalists. Existing analyses have also failed to specify the varied economic projects of populists, their likely social bases and their relationships to world markets. The essay recommends relational comparisons of populists to unravel populism’s puzzles and advance world-systems analysis.
Transnational Social Movement Organizations and Counter-Hegemonic Struggles Today
Authors: Smith Jackie , Gemici Basak , Plummer Samantha , Hughes Melanie M.
Published: August 2018

World-systems analysts have drawn our attention to the importance of the long-standing worldwide struggles of subaltern groups to defend their livelihoods and address fundamental conflicts of our times. Climate change, financial volatility, and rising inequality are exposing the existential threats the global capitalist system poses to growing numbers—many of whom once enjoyed some of its benefits. These urgent challenges create possibilities for social movements to attract more widespread support for alternatives to global capitalism. Using data on transnational social movement organizations (TSMOs) from 1953-2013, we assess possibilities for counter-hegemonic movements to provide the organizational infrastructure for a global movement to transform the world-system. We describe the organizational foundations for transnational cooperation among social movements and consider what changes in the population suggest about its counter-hegemonic potential. Our study reveals substantial organizational expansion, greater participation from actors in the periphery, regionalization, radicalization in the issue frames pursued by activist organizations, and network ties that suggest more limited and strategic engagement with the inter-state system. We attribute these changes to U.S. hegemonic decline, the end of the Cold War, and changes in inter-state institutions.
Review of Is Capitalism Obsolete? A Journey through Alternative Economic Systems by Giacomo Corneo. 2017. (Translated from German by Daniel Steuer.) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 312 pages, ISBN 978-0-6744-9528-9 Cloth ($29.90)
Authors: Derlugian Georgi
Published: August 2018

N/A
Effects of Lack of Field Trips on Leaner’s Performance in Social Studies at Primary School
Authors: Sitali-Mubanga Georgina N. , Lukonga Like Raphael , Denuga Desalu D
Published: August 2018

The utilization of field trips in teaching and learning realizes successful and proficient learning in Social Studies. A field trip is a group excursion far from the typical teaching environment for direct understanding of a noteworthy site or place of special intrigue. This investigation in this manner was outfitted towards discovering the impacts of lack of field trips towards students’ scholastic execution in Social Studies at a selected school. A Qualitative research configuration was used for this examination. A specific school was chosen in the Zambezi Region of Namibia. The testing procedure utilized was random selection. The normal number of students chosen was 16, however just 14 students and 4 teachers partook. In light of the discoveries it was suggested among others that; teachers should take learners on field trips in order to advance and energize dynamic engagement in learning, self-inspiration, disclosure learning and learning by understanding.
Indicating verbs as typologically unique constructions: Reconsidering verb ‘agreement’ in sign languages
Authors: Schembri Adam , Cormier Kearsy , Fenlon Jordan
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we present arguments for an analysis of indicating verbs, building on Liddell (2000), as a typologically unique, unimodal fusion of signs and pointing gestures used for reference tracking. This contrasts with many formalist analyses that assume that directionality in indicating verbs constitutes an agreement marking system. While exploring some of the debate in the literature about these forms, we propose a model of indicating verbs within a Construction Grammar framework that compares them to multimodal constructions in spoken languages. We explain how our model of indicating verbs appear to align with a growing body of research on co-speech gesture and is supported by some recent findings about these verbs from corpus-based studies of sign languages.
Effects of land applications waste water of crude palm oil factory on some nutrient available in soil and nutrient content in palm oil
Authors: Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Pulung Mamat Anwar
Published: August 2018

An experiment was aimed to study effect of waste water of crude palm oil (CPO) factory on some nutrient available in soil and nutrient content in palm oil.  The experiment was conducted  using a completely randomized block design with six levels of waste water treatments (0, 250, 500, 750, 1.000, and 1.250 L tree-1 palm oil) in three replications.  The result showed that the level 750 L tree-1 of waste water treatment have significant effects on increased of nutrient available in soil  (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) including soil pH, but not significant with level 1000 and 1250 L tree-1 except P.  On the other hand, nutrient content in palm oil (N, P, and K) were not significantly influenced by waste water treatments.