bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINE COMPOUNDS GAIN WIDER MEDICAL USE
Authors: ‐ ‐
Published: March 2016

Es wird über neue Anwendungen von Fluorverbindungen auf dem medizinischen Sektor berichtet: Bromierte Perfluoralkane, z.B. 1‐Bromperfluoroctan (I), finden Verwendung als Röntgenkontrastmittel, insbesondere für Lungen‐ und Magenaufnahmen.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF TIS3, ZRS3, ZRSE3, ZRTE3, HFS3, AND HFSE3
Authors: FURUSETH SIGRID , BRATTAS LEIF , KJEKSHUS ARNE
Published: March 2016

Die röntgenographisch durchgeführten Strukturbestimmungen der Titelverbindungen zeigen, daß die im ZrSe3‐Typ kristallisierenden Verbindungen in zwei, mit A und B bezeichneten, Varianten vorkommen.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID‐STATE VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY PART 4, A VIBRATIONAL AND DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY STUDY OF THE POLYMORPHISM OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SULPHATES
Authors: DAVIES J. ERIC D. , SANDFORD WILLIAM F.
Published: March 2016

Die DSC‐Untersuchungen liefern für Na2SO4 die Enthalpieänderungen bei den verschiedenen Phasenübergängen.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME ASPECTS OF CHEMISTRY IN STRONGLY ACIDIC SOLVENT MEDIA
Authors: SENIOR J. B.
Published: March 2016

In dem Artikel wird unter anderem auf sog Supersäure‐Systeme, Hammett‐Aciditäts‐Funktionen und polyatomare Kationen von Elementen der 6. und 7. Gruppe eingegangen.
ChemInform Abstract: DETERMINATION OF THE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA OF ANATASE BY PHYSICAL ADSORPTION OF NOBLE GASES
Authors: BASTLOVA H.
Published: March 2016

Die spezifischen Oberflächenbereiche von TiO2 werden mittels DKR‐ und BET‐Methoden anhand der physikalischen Adsorption von Ar, Kr und Xe bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: ANODIC OXIDATION PART 15, ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNCTIONALISATION OF PHENYLCYCLOPROPANE AND 2‐ISOBUTENYL‐1,1‐DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANE IN METHANOL
Authors: BRETTLE ROGER , SUTTON JOHN R.
Published: March 2016

Die Elektrolyse der Titelverbindungen (I) bzw. (III) in Methanol wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF DEHYDROBENZENE, GENERATED FROM CHLOROBENZENE BY LITHIUM TETRAMETHYLPIPERIDINE (LITMP)
Authors: SHEPARD K. L.
Published: March 2016

Chlorbenzol (I) liefert mit Lithium‐tetramethyl‐piperidid (II) Dehydrobenzol (III), das direkt durch Zusatz von 1,3‐Diphenyl‐isobenzofuran (IV) in Form des Addukts (V) abgefangen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INTERMEDIATES PART 6, BASE‐CATALYSED REACTION OF METHYL PHOSPHINATE WITH TETRAPHENYLCYCLOPENTADIENONE
Authors: FOOKES CHRISTOPHER J. R. , GALLAGHER MICHAEL J.
Published: March 2016

Das Dienon (I) wird von Methylphosphinat (II) zu den Enonen (III)‐(VII) reduziert, deren Verteilung von der Reaktionstemperatur abhängt: Bei Raumtemperatur ist (III), beim Erwärmen (IV) Hauptprodukt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ALKYLATION OF 2‐METHYLCYCLOPENTANE‐1,3‐DIONE AND DIMEDONE WITH ALPHA‐NAPHTHYLOXYMETHYL CHLORIDE
Authors: RAMADAS S. R. , SUJEETH P. K.
Published: March 2016

Bei dem Versuch, das K‐Salz des Cyclopentandions (IIa) bzw. das Tl‐Salz von Dimedon (IIb) mit dem Chlormethyläther (III) zu den Produkten (Ia) bzw. (Ib) an einem C‐Atom zu alkylieren, tritt O‐Alkylierung zu den Äthern (IVa) bzw. (IVb) ein.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF INDOLES UTILIZING THEIR TL(I) SALTS
Authors: BANERJI AVIJIT , BANERJI JULIE
Published: March 2016

Die N‐Alkylierung z.B. von Indol oder seinem 3‐Methylderivat wird mit Tl‐äthanolat in DMF/Äther durch z.B. Jodmethan durchgeführt (Ausbeute 95 bzw. 74%).
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER MONO‐ALKYLATION OF TOSYLMETHYLISOCYANIDE
Authors: VAN LEUSEN A. M. , BOUMA R. J. , POSSEL O.
Published: March 2016

Tosylmethylisocyanid (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Phasen‐Transfer‐Katalysatoren wie Triäthylbenzyl‐ oder Tetrabutyl‐ammonium‐Salzen mit Alkylierungsmitteln (II) glatt zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A THERMAL REACTION OF 2‐(THIOLAN‐2‐YL)OXAZIRIDINES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS. EVIDENCE FOR NEIGHBOURING GROUP PARTICIPATION IN THE DISPLACEMENT OF OXYGEN BY SULPHUR AT NITROGEN
Authors: LEYSHON WYNFORD M. , WILSON DAVID A.
Published: March 2016

Die Theimolyse des Oxaziridins (I) ergibt das Keton (II) und das Thiazin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLTEN SALTS AS REACTION MEDIA
Authors: KERRIDGE D. H.
Published: March 2016

In dem Artikel werden die Unterschiede von Reaktionen in nicht‐wäßrigen Lösungsmitteln und Salzschmelzen diskutiert, verwendbare Systeme werden angegeben und einige Beispiele aus den verschiedenen Reaktionsklassen beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELEKTIVER AUFBAU VON DREIFACH SUBSTITUIERTEN DOPPELBINDUNGEN, CLAISEN‐UMLAGERUNG VON ALPH‐METHYLEN‐BETA‐HYDROXY‐ACETALEN
Authors: DEPEZAY J. C. , LE MERRER Y.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem α‐Methylen‐β‐hydroxy‐acetal (I)erhält man bei der Behandlung mit katalytischen Anteilen Propionsäure und dem Orthoester (II) über eine Claisen‐Umlagerung das ungesättigte Acetal (III), das sich bei der Hydrolyse in die stereoisomere Form (IV) umlagert.
ChemInform Abstract: DARSTELLUNG NEUER PEROXID‐DERIVATE DES P‐DIISOPROPYLBENZOLS
Authors: DIKII M. A. , PUCHIN V. A. , VAIDA M. S. , MAMCHUR L. P. , KARPENKO A. N.
Published: March 2016

Durch H2SO4 katalysierte Reaktionen des Carbinols (I) mit den Hydroperoxiden (II) in Eisessig bei 20°C liefern die Peroxide (III).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL ALPHA‐SULFINYLESTERS OF KNOWN ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION
Authors: MIOSKOWSKI C. , SOLLADIE G.
Published: March 2016

Aus dem aktiven Sul?nylester (I) entsteht mit Essigsäure‐tert.‐butylester (II) in Gegenwart von (III) das optisch aktive Substitutionsprodukt (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: P‐DIALKYLAMINOBENZALCHLORIDE
Authors: KUKHAR'V. P. KUKHAR'V. P. , SAGINA E. I. , KIRSANOV A. V.
Published: March 2016

Unter der Einwirkung von Triäthylamin in siedendem Diäthyläther gehen die Dialkylaminobenzalchloride (I) in die Bis‐[dialkylaminophenyl]‐dichloräthylene (II) über; diese lassen sich durch alkalische Hydrolyse in die Benzoine (III) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF FURANO COMPOUNDS PART 38, CYCLIZATION OF 2‐PHENYLBENZO(B)FURAN‐3‐ACETIC ACID
Authors: CHATTERJEA J. N. , BHAKTA C. , SRIVASTAVA S. , LAL S.
Published: March 2016

Im Gegensatz zu Literaturangaben, wonach bei der Behandlung der Benzofurylessigsäure (Ib) mit P2O5 in siedendem Benzol das Benzofurocyclobutenon (II) gebildet werden soll, entsteht bei der gleichen Behandlung des Tolylderivates (Ia) kein Produkt mit Cyclobutenon‐Struktur, sondern ein Dimeres mit der Ester‐Struktur (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL DIURETIC AGENTS, SYNTHESES OF SUBSTITUTED ISATYLIDENES AND 3‐ALKYL OR 3‐ARYLALKYL‐2‐OXINDOLES
Authors: LAL B. , SINGH PRATAP , BHADURI A. P. , KAR K.
Published: March 2016

Die Benzylhalogenide (I) werden über die Derivate (II) und (III) in die Nitroester (IV) übergeführt, die mit Na‐dithionit zu den Oxindolen (V) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,3‐DIAZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPTADIENES
Authors: LUTTRINGER J. P. , PEROL N. , STREITH J.
Published: March 2016

Die Photolyse der 1,2‐Diazepine (I) verläuft unter Isomerisierung zu den 2,3‐Diazabicycloheptadienen (II), die beim Erhitzen zurück in die Diazepine (I) übergehen, wie z.B. (IIa)‐(Ia) (bei 120°C) und (IIb)‐(Ib) (bei 170°C).
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIELLE PSYCHOTROPICA 11. MITT. SYNTHESE UND PHARMAKOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET NEUER IMIDAZOLIDINOBUTYROPHENONE
Authors: BASSUS JACQUES , PACHECO HENRI , TROUILLER GERARD , LEBLANC ANDRE
Published: March 2016

Die Reaktion der Äthylendiamine (I) mit‐ den Carbonylverbindungen (II) führt zu den Imidazolidinen (III), wobei neben (IIIa)‐(IIId) auch ihre offenen Isomeren, die Schiffschen Basen (IVa)‐(IVd),gebildet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF 1,2,5‐THIADIAZOLES PART 2, 3,4‐DISUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF 1,2,5‐THIADIAZOLE 1,1‐DIOXIDE
Authors: WEN R. Y. , KOMIN A. P. , STREET R. W. , CARMACK M.
Published: March 2016

Sulfamid (I) und Oxalester (II) reagieren in Gegenwart von Alkoholaten zu den Salzen (III), aus denen mit Ionenaustauschern bzw. (aus (IIIc) mit Schwefelwasserstoff das in verschiedenen tautomeren Formen vorliegende l,2,5‐Thiadiazol‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐1,1‐dioxid (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON PYRYLIUMSALZEN AUS HALOGENALKANEN
Authors: LUK'YANOV S. M. , DOROFEENKO G. N.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reaktion von Acetophenon (I) mit äquimolaren Mengen von Triphenylmethylperchlorat in siedendem Chloroform bildet sich das Pyryliumsalz (II); intermediär entstehen dabei wahrscheinlich 4‐Chlor‐ und ‐4‐Phenacyl‐pyryliumperchlorat.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUARTIGE SYNTHESE VON AMIDEN AROYLIERTER BIPHENYLCARBONSAEUREN
Authors: LAPTEVA V. L. , SHUSHERINA N. P.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Arylpyronen (I) entstehen unter der Einwirkung von Piperidin bei 20‐25°C (Reaktionsdauer etwa 24 Std.) Gemische der Biphenylcarbonsäurepiperidide (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 6‐AMINO‐1,3‐DIMETHYL‐5‐NITROSOURACIL WITH THIOLS
Authors: YOUSSEFYEH RAYMOND D.
Published: March 2016

Umsetzung des Nitrosouracils (I) mit den‐Thiolen (IIa)‐(IIc) liefert die Disulfide (IIIa)‐(IIIc), die Pteridindione (IVa)‐(‐IVc) und jeweils das Thiadiazolopyrimidin (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF HINDERED SYSTEMS. SYNTHESES AND PROPERTIES OF TETRAMETHYLAZACYCLOHEPTANES AND RELATED ACYCLIC AMINES
Authors: JOHNSON P. Y. , JACOBS I. , KERKMAN D. J.
Published: March 2016

2‐Brom‐isobuttersäureester (I) reagiert nach Grignard mit dem subst Amin (II) zu dem sterisch gehinderten Ester (III), der sich zum Diol (IV) hydrieren läßt. Unter Bedingungen der Acyloin‐Kondensation reagiert (III) zum Ketol (Va), das zu (Vb) acetyliert oder mit Bleitetraacetat zum Diketon (VI) oxidiert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES OF BENZOINS WITH GROUP (III) HALIDES
Authors: MALHOTRA K. C. , CHAUDHRY S. C.
Published: March 2016

Benzoin, 2,2′‐ Dichlor‐ und 2,2′‐Dinitrobenzoin bilden mit B‐ und Al‐trichlorid sowie ‐bromid bei Raumtemperatur die tetraedrischen Komplexe (I).
ChemInform Abstract: UMSETZUNG DES PHOSPHORPENTASULFIDS MIT HALOGENALKANEN
Authors: MURAV'EV I. V. , FEDOROVICH I. S.
Published: March 2016

Primäre und sekundäre Halogenalkane (II) reagieren in einer Schmelze aus Phosphorpentasulfid und Aluminiumchlorid (I) zu einem Gemisch der Tetra‐(III) und Trithiophosphate (IV), die sich durch fraktionierte Destillation trennen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG DER REAKTION DES TETRAKIS(TRIFLUORMETHYL)CYCLOTETRAPHOSPHINS MIT FLUORALKYLJODIDEN
Authors: LAVRENT'EV A. N. , MASLENNIKOV I. G. , SOCHILIN E. G.
Published: March 2016

Die Verbindung (I) reagiert mit den fluorierten Alkyljodiden (II) zu den Jodphosphinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERISIERUNG DER 2‐ISOCYANATO‐TETRAHALOGENPHOSPHORANE UND BESONDERHEITEN IHRER ELEKTRONENSTRUKTUR
Authors: KISILENKO A. A. , EGOROV YU. P. , STUKALO E. A. , MARKOVSKII L. N.
Published: March 2016

Die Phosphorylierung des Vinylisocyanats (I) liefert das Iminokohlensäuredichlorid (III) infolge Isomerisierung des Phosphorans (II).
ChemInform Abstract: EINE NEUE SYNTHESE FUER SPIROPHOSPHORANE
Authors: BOIGEGRAIN R. , CASTRO B.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Umsetzung von Diolen (II) mit Tris‐dimethylamino‐phosphin (III) erhält man je nach den Strukturen von (II) die Epoxide (IV) oder die Spirophosphorane (I).
ChemInform Abstract: EINIGE ASPEKTE ZUR REAKTIVITAET VON FUNKTIONELLEN GERMYLENEN
Authors: RIVIERE P. , RIVIERE‐BAUDET B. , SATGE J.
Published: March 2016

Während die Germylene (I) (Y=OCH3,SCH3) mit dem Aldehyd (II) die Oligomeren (III) bilden, die zu (IV) reduziert werden können, entstehen aus (I) mit (II) in einer Einschiebungsreaktion die Germylene (V).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE UND UNTERSUCHUNG EINIGER NIOBPORPHYRINE
Authors: GUILARD ROGER , FLINIAUX BERNARD , MAUME BERNARD , FOURNARI PIERRE
Published: March 2016

Die Einwirkung von NbCls auf die entsprechenden Porphyrine führt zu den zweikernigen Komplexen (I), deren labile Sauerstoffbrücken durch Rekristallisation aus Essigsäure unter Bildung der Verbindungen (II), die mit einem Mol Essigsäure kristallisieren, zerstört wird.
ChemInform Abstract: DIPHENYL DITHIOCARBAMATO COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN
Authors: NIEUWPOORT A. , CLAESSEN H. M. , VAN DER LINDEN J. G. M.
Published: March 2016

Der Mo(IV)‐Komplex (Ia) wurde nach einem für Alkyldithiocarbamate bekannten Verfahren durch Rückflußkochen von Mo‐hexacarbonyl und Tetraphenylthiuramdisulfid in Toluol erhalten und durch magnetische Messungen und IR‐Daten charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERICALLY PURE CYCLOPENTADIENYL‐MOLYBDENUM AND ‐TUNGSTEN CARBONYL HALIDE COMPLEXES
Authors: BEACH D. L. , BARNETT K. W.
Published: March 2016

Die aus den Cyclopentadienyl‐molybdän‐ oder‐wolfram‐carbonyl‐halogen‐Komplexen (I) durch Umsetzung mit Triphenylphosphin (II) oder aus den Acetyl‐Komplexen (V) durch Halogenierung hergestellten Komplexverbindungen (III) und (IV) lassen sich durch chromatographische Methoden in die reinen cis‐ und trans‐Isomeren aufspalten.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES PART 2, CU(II) AND NI(II) COMPLEXES OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM 2‐HYDROXYBENZOPHENONE
Authors: KUMAR V. B. MOHAN , BHATTACHARYA P. K.
Published: March 2016

Die Cu(II)‐ und Ni(II)‐Komplexe (Ia) der aus 2‐Hydroxybenzophenon oder seinen Methyl‐Derivaten gebildeten Schiffschen Basen werden durch Umsetzung von Bis‐[2‐hydroxybenzophenonato]‐metall(II)‐Komplexen mit Ammoniak oder Reaktion der entsprechenden Ammin‐metall(II)‐Komplexe mit den Ketonen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: KATIONISCHE PI‐OLEFIN‐RUTHENIUM‐KOMPLEXE
Authors: MUELLER J. , SCHMITT S.
Published: March 2016

Cycloheptatrien‐cyclooctadien‐ruthenium(O) (I) reagiert mit Trityltetrafluoroborat (II) zu dem Salz (III), das in nucleophilen Additionen mit Methyllithium und Kaliumcyanid die Verbindungen (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: BISCYANINES FROM BIQUATERNARY SALTS OF DIMETHYLNAPHTHOBISTHIAZOLE AND 1,5‐NAPHTHYLENBISTHIAZOLIUM
Authors: MUSHKALO I. L.
Published: March 2016

Aus den Mono‐ und Diquartärsalzen der Base (I) werden die Farbstoffe (II) und (III) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF OESTRATRIENES FROM 5,6‐EPOXYANDROSTAN‐7‐OLS
Authors: BALDWIN DEREK , HANSON JAMES R.
Published: March 2016

Bei der Reduktion des Enons (I) mit dem Alanat (II) bilden sich′ die epimeren Enole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SELECTIVE ACYLATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF CYTIDINE AND 2′‐DEOXYCYTIDINE
Authors: BLEANEY R. C. , JONES A. S. , WALKER R. T.
Published: March 2016

Die selektive 5′‐O‐Acetylierung von (Ia) zu (Ib) erfolgt in wäßriger Lösung in 60‐70%iger Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: OLIGONUCLEOTIDIC COMPOUNDS PART 56, SYNTHESIS AND CD‐SPECTRUM OF 5‐(ADENIN‐9‐YL)‐2‐(ADENOSIN‐5′‐YLOXY)‐2‐OXO‐1,3,2‐DIOXA‐PHOSPHORINANE (ADENOSINE 5′‐PHOSPHATE 9‐(1′,3′‐DIHYDROXY‐2′‐PROPYL)ADENINE 1′,3′‐CYCLIC ESTER)
Authors: MIKHAILOV S. N. , SMRT J.
Published: March 2016

Die Synthese der Titelverbindung (IVb) erfolgt durch Umsetzung der Komponenten (I) und (II) (als Pyridiniumsalz) in Gegenwart des Reagenzes (III) und Desacylierung (methanolisches Ammoniak) der gebildeten Verbindung (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: LIGNANS PART 12, SYNTHESES OF ISOSIKKIMOTOXIN AND EPIISOSIKKIMOTOXIN, ISOMERS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING LIGNAN SIKKIMOTOXIN
Authors: WAGH A. P. , KULKARNI A. B.
Published: March 2016

Die Carbonsäure (III) reagiert mit Formaldehyd (II) je nach Reaktantenverhältnis zu den Verbindungen (I), (IV) oder (V)′[daneben (I) und (IV)].
Fatty Liver, Insulin Resistance, and Obesity: Relationships With Increase in Coronary Artery Calcium Over Time
Authors: Sung Ki‐Chul , Ryu Seungho , Lee Jong‐Young , Lee Sung Ho , Cheong Eun Sun , Wild Sarah H. , Byrne Christopher D.
Published: March 2016

Background

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity frequently coexist with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), but it is uncertain whether these risk factors for vascular disease contribute to a change in atherosclerosis over time, independently of DM status.

Hypothesis

We hypothesized that the combination of fatty liver, IR, and obesity would be associated with an increase in coronary artery calcium (CAC) score over time, independently of DM status, other cardiovascular risk factors, and medications.

Methods

Data were analyzed from a South Korean occupational cohort of 2175 people. The outcome was increase in cardiac computed tomography CAC score between baseline and follow‐up. Insulin resistance was defined by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) ≥75th percentile and fatty liver by ultrasound.

Results

In 592 (27.2%) participants, CAC score increased from baseline (mean ± SD; mean age at baseline, 44.8 ± 5.5 years); and in 1583 subjects, CAC did not change or improved during follow‐up (mean age, 41.6 ± 5.6 years). Diabetes mellitus, HOMA‐IR, fatty liver, and obesity prevalence were all higher (all P < 0.001) in participants whose CAC score increased from baseline. Adjusting for DM and potential confounders, the combination of IR, obesity, and fatty liver was independently associated with increase in CAC score over time (hazard ratio: 2.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.50‐4.03).

Conclusions

The combination of fatty liver, IR, and obesity is associated with progression of atherosclerosis over time independently of DM, cardiovascular risk factors, and all medications for cardiovascular disease and DM.
Effects of High Salt Intake on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of COX Inhibitors
Authors: Chrysant Steven G.
Published: March 2016

Sodium has a bidirectional effect on blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). High sodium intake increases both BP and CVD, whereas low sodium intake decreases them. The significance of this association has been debated for years, mostly due to the inconsistency of data, but recently it has been revived due to new evidence about the harmful effects of sodium. Recent studies have indicated that high sodium intake was associated with an increase in BP and CVD, which in 2010 was estimated to have accounted for 1.65 million deaths worldwide. Based on this evidence, the American Heart Association has issued a Science Advisory statement regarding the significance of high sodium intake in relation to the incidence of hypertension and CVD. In addition to high sodium intake, experimental studies have shown that the coadministration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs further aggravates the harmful effects of high sodium intake. The interrelationship of high sodium intake and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs will be discussed in this commentary.
Oxygen Atom Transfer Catalysis with Homogenous and Polymer‐Supported N,N‐ and N,N,O‐Heteroscorpionate Dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Complexes
Authors: Paul Tobias , Rodehutskors Philipp M. , Schmidt Jochen , Burzlaff Nicolai
Published: March 2016

The N,N‐chelate ligand bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐vinylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (bdmvpzm) and the N,N,O‐heteroscorpionate ligand bis(3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐vinylpyrazol‐1‐yl)acetic acid (Hbdmvpza), both with vinyl linkers suitable for copolymerisation, were synthesised under Vilsmeier–Haack conditions. The reactions of these ligands with [MoO2Cl2] yielded the corresponding molybdenum(VI) complexes [MoO2Cl2(bdmvpzm)] and [MoO2Cl(bdmvpza)], which were applied in oxygen atom transfer studies as mimics of dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (DMSO reductase). The catalytic properties of the homogeneous complexes and copolymers with embedded complexes were evaluated.
Evaluation and Elucidation of DNA‐Containing Viologen Dendrimer Complex Formation
Authors: Bongard Dirk , Degefa Tesfaye Hailu , Schön Peter , Giese Maria , Brandt Roland , Walder Lorenz
Published: March 2016

The syntheses of a tetracationic viologen and polycationic viologen dendrimers are described in this report. These water‐soluble viologen dendrimers, the tetracationic viologen, and their DNA‐containing complexes have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrophoresis, and atomic force microscopy with respect to their stability and effectiveness as possible transfection systems. The appearance of a negative potential shift and the loss of current in the cyclovoltammograms of viologen dendriplexes have been attributed to DNA/dendrimer complex formation. Oligomers of viologen with at least 4 positive charges are required for the formation of a primary DNA‐viologen complex. The dynamics of the formation of a secondary complex was observed and studied by cyclic voltammetry. AFM measurements together with molecular modeling support the electrochemical results and show two different aggregates of the dendriplexes on gold.
Sensorimotor dysfunction after limb fracture – An exploratory study
Authors: Hall J. , Llewellyn A. , Palmer S. , Rowett‐Harris J. , Atkins R.M. , McCabe C.S.
Published: March 2016

Background

Chronic pain is often associated with sensorimotor dysfunction but little is known about the early impact of limb fracture on sensory and motor performance. This exploratory study sought to assess these changes in patients with recent wrist and ankle fractures. A secondary aim was to determine the incidence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and its clinical features.

Methods

Fifty‐three patients at a UK fracture centre underwent Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST), Motor Imagery (MI) and Body Perception Disturbance (BPD) assessments ≤5 weeks post‐fracture (Time 1). Subjective evaluation of recovery and clinical examination for CRPS was conducted 5 weeks later (Time 2, 50 patients). Patient‐reported outcomes of pain, psychological distress and limb function were collected at Times 1 and 2, and 6 months after T1 (Time 3, 36 patients, postal questionnaire).

Results

Quantitative sensory testing at Time 1 demonstrated cold and pressure‐pain hyperalgesia in the fractured limb compared to the non‐fractured side (p < 0.05). Imagined movements were reported as significantly more difficult to perform on the fractured side (p < 0.001). There was evidence of BPD in the fractured limb, similar to that found in CRPS. The incidence of CRPS was 9.4%; however, individual signs and symptoms of the condition were commonly present (70% reported ≥ one symptom). Only 33% of patients reported to being ‘back to normal’ 6 months after fracture with 34% reporting ongoing pain.

Conclusions

Limb fracture is associated with changes in pain perceptions, motor planning, and disruption to body perception. Signs and symptoms of CRPS, ongoing pain and delayed recovery post‐fracture are common.

What does this study add?

In the immediate post‐fracture period: Body perception disturbance is reported in the fractured limb. Imagined movements of the fractured limb are less vivid and associated with pain

This study contributes to the incidence literature on CRPS.
Non‐invasive Analyte Access and Sensing through Eccrine Sweat: Challenges and Outlook circa 2016
Authors: Heikenfeld Jason
Published: March 2016

Despite the many ergonomic advantages of eccrine perspiration (sweat) compared to other possible biofluids (particularly in “wearable” devices), sweat remains an underrepresented source of biomarker analytes compared to the established biofluids blood, urine, and saliva. Upon closer comparison to other non‐invasive biofluids, the advantages may even extend beyond ergonomics: sweat might provide superior analyte information. A number of challenges, however, have historically kept sweat from its place in the pantheon of clinical samples. These challenges include very low sample volumes (nL to µL), unknown concentration due to evaporation, filtration and dilution of large analytes, mixing of old and new sweat, and the potential for contamination from the skin surface. More recently, rapid progress in “wearable” sweat sampling and sensing devices has resolved several of the historical challenges. However, this recent progress has also been limited to high concentration analytes (µM to mM) sampled at high sweat rates (>1 nL/min/gland, e.g. athletics). Progress will be much more challenging as sweat biosensing moves towards use with sedentary users (low sweat rates or not sweating at all) and/or towards low concentration analytes (pM to nM). Addressing these unresolved challenges will require significant advances in sweat stimulation, sample collection efficiency, compact sensors, and likely more. Fortunately, none of the remaining challenges appear to be fundamentally blocking, and scientific and engineering innovations have the opportunity to enable broader application of sweat biosensing technology.
The combined effects of noncontingent reinforcement and punishment on the reduction of rumination
Authors: DeRosa Nicole M. , Roane Henry S. , Bishop Jamie R. , Silkowski Erica L.
Published: March 2016

The current study extends the literature on the assessment and treatment of rumination through the evaluation of a combined reinforcement‐ and punishment‐based intervention. The study included a single participant with a history of rumination maintained by automatic reinforcement, as identified via a functional analysis. Both noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) with preferred edible items and punishment, in the form of a facial screen, were implemented separately to evaluate their independent effects on the occurrence of rumination. The final treatment package included both NCR and punishment procedures. Implementation of the combined treatment resulted in a 96.5% reduction in rumination relative to baseline. Procedural modifications and integrity errors also were evaluated.
Accurate design‐oriented simulation‐driven modeling of miniaturized microwave structures
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Bekasiewicz Adrian
Published: March 2016

One of the important prerequisites for efficient design optimization of microwave structures is availability of fast yet reliable replacement models (surrogates) so that multiple evaluations of the structure at hand can be executed in reasonable timeframe. Direct utilization of full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations for handling optimization‐related tasks is often prohibitive. A popular approach to construction of fast surrogates is data‐driven modeling. Unfortunately, it normally requires a large number of training samples, and it is virtually infeasible for structures that exhibit highly nonlinear responses (e.g. filters or couplers). In this work, a design‐oriented modeling technique is proposed where good accuracy is achieved by careful non‐uniform design space sampling that accounts for nonlinear relationship between the operating frequency of the structure and its geometry parameters, as well as carrying out the modeling process only for selected characteristic points of the structure responses (those that determine satisfaction/violation of given design specifications). Our approach is demonstrated using a miniaturized microstrip rat‐race coupler modeled in a wide range of geometry parameters and compared to conventional data‐driven modeling using kriging interpolation. Design optimization examples are also provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prefrontal infralimbic cortex mediates competition between excitation and inhibition of body movements during pavlovian fear conditioning
Authors: Halladay Lindsay R. , Blair Hugh T.
Published: March 2016

The infralimbic subregion of the prefrontal cortex (IL) is broadly involved in behavioral flexibility, risk assessment, and outcome reinforcement. In aversive conditioning tasks, the IL has been implicated in fear extinction and in mediating transitions between Pavlovian and instrumental responses. Here we examine the role of the IL in mediating transitions between two competing Pavlovian fear responses, conditioned motor inhibition (CMI) and conditioned motor excitation (CME). Rats were trained to fear an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) by pairing it with periorbital shock to one eyelid (the unconditioned stimulus [US]). Trained animals exhibited CMI responses (movement suppression) to the CS when they had not recently encountered the US (>24 hr), but, after recent encounters with the US (<5 min), the CS evoked CME responses (turning in circles away from anticipated shock). Animals then received bilateral infusions of muscimol or picrotoxin to inactivate or hyperactivate the IL, respectively. Neither drug reliably affected CMI responses, but there was a bidirectional effect on CME responses; inactivation of the IL attenuated CME responses, whereas hyperactivation potentiated CME responses. These results provide evidence that activation of the IL may promote behavioral strategies that involve mobilizing the body and suppress strategies that involve immobilizing the body. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultra‐high‐resolution 1058‐ppi OLED displays with 2.78‐in size using CAAC‐IGZO FETs with tandem OLED device and single OLED device
Authors: Yokoyama Kohei , Hirasa Shinichi , Miyairi Noriko , Dozen Yoshitaka , Sasaki Toshiki , Jimbo Yasuhiro , Toyotaka Kouhei , Kaneyasu Makoto , Miyake Hiroyuki , Seo Satoshi , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Nakada Masataka , Sato Takahiro , Goto Naoto
Published: March 2016

We fabricated new 2.78‐in 1058‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. The displays used OLED devices with a tandem structure and a single structure and a field effect transistor (FET) using c‐axis aligned crystalline In–Ga–Zn–O (CAAC‐IGZO) for an active layer and employing the 1.5‐µm rule over a glass substrate. Even in the displays with such high resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, crosstalk that was observed in the lower luminance region was suppressed. The displays achieved high color reproducibility and reduced viewing angle dependence.
Is balloon kyphoplasty safe and effective for cancer‐related vertebral compression fractures with posterior vertebral body wall defects?
Authors: Molloy Sean , Sewell Mathew D. , Platinum Johnson , Patel Anand , Selvadurai Susanne , Hargunani Rikin , Kyriakou Charalampia
Published: March 2016

Background and Objectives

Balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) is a percutaneous treatment for cancer‐related vertebral compression fractures (VCF). Posterior vertebral body wall (PVBW) involvement is considered a contraindication for BKP. This study assesses whether BKP is safe and effective for cancer‐related VCFs involving the PVBW.

Methods

This study analyzed data on 158 patients with 228 cancer‐related VCFs who underwent BKP. One hundred and twelve patients had VCFs with PVBW defects, and 46 had VCFs with no PVBW defect. Outcomes were assessed preoperatively and at 3 months.

Results

In the PVBW defect group, mean pain score decreased from 7.5 to 3.6 (P < 0.001), EQ5D increased from 0.39 to 0.48 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) decreased from 50 to 42. Cement leaks occurred in 31%. In the PVBW intact group, mean pain decreased from 7.3 to 3.3 (P < 0.001), EQ5D increased from 0.35 to 0.48 (P < 0.001), and ODI decreased from 53 to 50. Cement leaks occurred in 20%. No significant difference was observed in functional improvements between groups. Radiographically kyphotic angle and anterior and middle vertebral body heights were significantly worse in the PVBW defect group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

BKP can alleviate pain and improve QoL and function in patients with cancer‐related VCFs with PVBW defects with no appreciable increase in risk. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:835–842. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Ecological and Financial Impact of Soil Erosion and its Control – A Case Study from the Semiarid Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Schmiedel Ute , Kruspe Michael , Kayser Lynn , Oettlé Noel
Published: March 2016

We analysed the extent of ecological damage of gully and inter‐gully erosion in a sub‐catchment situated in the drylands (300 mm yr−1) of the winter rainfall area of South Africa where small‐stock farming on rangeland is the main source of income. We applied low‐cost measures to revegetate the bare sites of the inter‐gully erosion and stabilised gully erosion by loosening soil surfaces and applying geotextile and constructing check dams to reverse gully erosion. We compared vegetation cover, silt accumulation and penetration resistance of the soil upslope of the check dams with the situation downslope of the check dams and untreated gullies as controls. For the treated bare patches, we compared penetration resistance and vegetation cover with untreated controls. Two years after implementation, the restoration measures resulted in increased soil depth and vegetation cover upslope of the check dams and increased vegetation cover on the treated bare patches. We calculated the net present value of the restoration measures based on the financial benefit that a landowner can realistically expect under current economic and governance conditions (i.e. payment for additional livestock and for C sequestration). At the current rates of return for livestock production or carbon sequestration over a 20‐year period, rehabilitation of this sort is not financially feasible for private landowners. Either the current payment for carbon sequestration would have to be increased by a magnitude of 40–80, or restoration measures would have to be funded by the public or private sector to make them financially viable for landowners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypertrichotic Becker's nevi treated with combination 1,550 nm non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis and laser hair removal
Authors: Balaraman Brundha , Friedman Paul M.
Published: March 2016

Background

The removal of Becker's nevi poses a significant challenge due to limited available therapeutic options and increased risk of adverse effects, including scarring and dyspigmentation. Herein, we present the use of the non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis in combination with laser hair removal for the treatment of hypertrichotic Becker's nevi.

Method

Retrospective analysis of three patients with Becker's nevi revealed that two patients with hypertrichotic Becker's nevi had greater than 75% clearance with combination therapy, and one patient with atrichotic Becker's nevus had a similar result with monotherapy non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis.

Conclusion

This report demonstrates the utility and safety of combination non‐ablative fractional resurfacing and laser hair removal for the treatment of hypertrichotic Becker's nevi, and monotherapy non‐ablative fractional photothermolysis for atrichotic Becker's nevi. Further comparative studies are necessary to determine optimal laser parameters, treatment schedules, and response duration. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:350–353, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(l‐Lactic Acid)/Gelatin Fibrous Scaffold Loaded with Simvastatin/Beta‐Cyclodextrin‐Modified Hydroxyapatite Inclusion Complex for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Lee Jung Bok , Kim Ji Eun , Balikov Daniel A. , Bae Min Soo , Heo Dong Nyoung , Lee Donghyun , Rim Hyun Joon , Lee Deok‐Won , Sung Hak‐Joon , Kwon Il Keun
Published: March 2016

Recently, the application of nanostructured materials in the field of tissue engineering has garnered attention to mediate treatment and regeneration of bone defects. In this study, poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/gelatin (PG) fibrous scaffolds are fabricated and β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) grafted nano‐hydroxyapatite (HAp) is coated onto the fibrous scaffold surface via an interaction between βCD and adamantane. Simvastatin (SIM), which is known to promote osteoblast viability and differentiation, is loaded into the remaining βCD. The specimen morphologies are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The release profile of SIM from the drug loaded scaffold is also evaluated. In vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells on SIM/HAp coated PG composite scaffolds is characterized by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining), and real time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The scaffolds are then implanted into rabbit calvarial defects and analyzed by microcomputed tomography for bone formation after four and eight weeks. These results demonstrate that SIM loaded PLLA/gelatin/HAp‐(βCD) scaffolds promote significantly higher ALP activity, mineralization, osteogenic gene expression, and bone regeneration than control scaffolds. This suggests the potential application of this material toward bone tissue engineering.

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Linear Sturm–Liouville problems with general homogeneous linear multi‐point boundary conditions
Authors: Kong Qingkai , St. George Thomas E.
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we study second order linear Sturm–Liouville problems involving one or two homogeneous linear multi‐point boundary conditions in the most general form. We obtain conditions for the existence of a sequence of positive eigenvalues with consecutive zero counts of the eigenfunctions. Furthermore, we reveal the interlacing relations between the eigenvalues of such Sturm–Liouville problems and those of Sturm–Liouville problems with certain two‐point separated boundary conditions.
Phase unwrapping with graph cuts optimization and dual decomposition acceleration for 3D high‐resolution MRI data
Authors: Dong Jianwu , Chen Feng , Zhou Dong , Liu Tian , Yu Zhaofei , Wang Yi
Published: March 2016

Purpose

Existence of low SNR regions and rapid‐phase variations pose challenges to spatial phase unwrapping algorithms. Global optimization‐based phase unwrapping methods are widely used, but are significantly slower than greedy methods. In this paper, dual decomposition acceleration is introduced to speed up a three‐dimensional graph cut–based phase unwrapping algorithm.

Methods

The phase unwrapping problem is formulated as a global discrete energy minimization problem, whereas the technique of dual decomposition is used to increase the computational efficiency by splitting the full problem into overlapping subproblems and enforcing the congruence of overlapping variables. Using three dimensional (3D) multiecho gradient echo images from an agarose phantom and five brain hemorrhage patients, we compared this proposed method with an unaccelerated graph cut–based method.

Results

Experimental results show up to 18‐fold acceleration in computation time.

Conclusions

Dual decomposition significantly improves the computational efficiency of 3D graph cut–based phase unwrapping algorithms. Magn Reson Med 77:1353–1358, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Macromolecular design and application using Mn2(CO)10‐based visible light photoinitiating systems
Authors: Ciftci Mustafa , Tasdelen Mehmet Atilla , Yagci Yusuf
Published: March 2016

The environmentally friendly Mn2(CO)10‐based visible light photoinitiating system is a powerful method for the preparation of linear and crosslinked polymeric structures. From a practical point of view, the most important feature of this initiating system is its optical characteristics in the visible range with high quantum yield and good solubility properties. This photoinitiating system is applicable for a variety of monomers that can be polymerized via either radical or cationic mechanisms. Various complex macromolecular structures such as telechelic polymers, block and graft copolymers, polymer networks and surface modifications can be simply prepared by using halogenated precursors. This photoinitiating system is also combined with controlled radical polymerization techniques providing a mild and efficient method for polymer synthesis. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Stringy geometry from F‐theory
Authors: Massai Stefano
Published: March 2016

We review the construction of six‐dimensional non‐geometric string compactifications obtained from torus fibrations with T‐duality monodromy. We take a geometric point of view where T‐duality twists are identified with Dehn twists of an auxiliary surface fibered over a two dimensional base. Degenerations of this auxiliary surface define codimension‐two T‐duality defects. For a large class of heterotic defects, we extract the low energy physics by constructing F‐theory duals that admit simple Calabi‐Yau resolutions.
Metric Properties of Semialgebraic Mappings
Authors: Kurdyka Krzysztof , Spodzieja Stanisław , Szlachcińska Anna
Published: March 2016

We give various quantitative versions of Łojasiewicz inequalities for semialgebraic sets and mappings, both in the local and global case.
New mud turtles (Kinosternidae,Kinosternon) from the middle–late Miocene of the United States
Authors: Bourque Jason R.
Published: March 2016

KinosternonSpix, 1824, was widespread in xeric to savanna associated paleowetlands across North America during the middle–late Miocene and steadily diversified following its first occurrences in the Hemingfordian. In the middle Miocene,Kinosternon rinconn. sp. occurred in the late Barstovian Cerro Conejo Formation of north central New Mexico, perhaps concurrently withKinosternon pojoaqueBourque 2012a from the Tesuque Formation. Subsequent late Miocene kinosternine fossils indicate that at least three potentially contemporaneous species existed throughout the Clarendonian. These areKinosternon pannekollopsn. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northern Texas;Kinosternon wakeeniense, n. sp., from the Ogallala Formation of northwestern Kansas and Ash Hollow Formation of south-central Nebraska; andKinosternon notolophusn. sp., from the Alachua and Statenville formations of northern Florida.Kinosternon rinconis phylogenetically nested between theKinosternon flavescens(Agassiz, 1857) group (=PlatythyraAgassiz, 1857) and more derivedKinosternonincluding theKinosternon subrubrum(Lacépède, 1788) group (=ThyrosternumAgassiz, 1857).Kinosternon pannekollopsis recovered on the stem of theK.subrubrumgroup and is the oldest and largest member of that lineage.Kinosternon notolophusis readily differentiated from other MioceneKinosternonin possessing a distinct dorsomedial keel on the nuchal and faint dorsolateral costal carination. TheK.subrubrumgroup probably originated in the late Miocene savannas of the Great Plains and dispersed eastward via the Gulf Coastal Plain. An unnamed kinosternine taxon existed in the coastal plains of the eastern and southeastern United States during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (with fossils from ~18 to 15 Ma), and disappeared from the region coincident with the end of that megathermal event.
Dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in Japanese women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)
Authors: Shin Sangah , Saito Eiko , Inoue Manami , Sawada Norie , Ishihara Junko , Takachi Ribeka , Nanri Akiko , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Iwasaki Motoki , Sasazuki Shizuka , Tsugane Shoichiro
Published: March 2016

Evidence that diet is associated with breast cancer risk is inconsistent. Most of the studies have focused on risks associated with specific foods and nutrients, rather than overall diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in Japanese women. A total of 49 552 Japanese women were followed-up from 1995 to 1998 (5-year follow-up survey) until the end of 2012 for an average of 14·6 years. During 725 534 person-years of follow-up, 718 cases of breast cancer were identified. We identified three dietary patterns (prudent, westernised and traditional Japanese). The westernised dietary pattern was associated with a 32 % increase in breast cancer risk (hazard ratios (HR) 1·32; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·70;Ptrend=0·04). In particular, subjects with extreme intake of the westernised diet (quintile (Q) Q5_5th) had an 83 % increase in risk of breast cancer in contrast to those in the lowest Q1 (HR 1·83; 95 % CI 1·25, 2·68;Ptrend=0·01). In analyses stratified by menopausal status, postmenopausal subjects in the highest quintile of the westernised dietary pattern had a 29 % increased risk of breast cancer (HR 1·29; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·76;Ptrend=0·04). With regard to hormone receptor status, the westernised dietary pattern was associated with an increased risk of oestrogen receptor-positive/progesterone receptor-positivetumours (HR 2·49; 95 % CI 1·40, 4·43;Ptrend<0·01). The other dietary patterns were not associated with the risk of breast cancer in Japanese women. A westernised dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in Japanese women.
Mite choice generates sex- and size-biased infection inDrosophila hydei
Authors: CAMPBELL ERIN O. , LUONG LIEN T.
Published: March 2016

Heterogeneities in parasite infection among conspecific hosts often manifest as sex- or size-biased infections, which are typically attributed to differential host susceptibility and exposure. Since parasite fitness is often tied to host quality, host preference by parasites is likely to be under strong selection. We test the hypothesis that host preference is sufficient to generate variability in infection rate among conspecifics. Specifically, we ask whether the miteMacrocheles muscaedomesticaeis able to discriminate betweenDrosophila hydeihosts of different sex and size, while explicitly accounting for the potential confounding effects of these two factors. Our results indicate a preference for female hosts, but this preference appears to be driven by size and not sexper se. When differences in body size were controlled for, the sex-biased infection disappeared, while mites presented with the choice of two female flies of disparate sizes were more likely to select the larger host. Across the distribution of fly body weight in this study, mites preferentially attached to flies of intermediate size. This study provides evidence that mite choice for certain host types can play an important role in parasite transmission, even in the absence of differential susceptibility or exposure among hosts.
“Who are you in this body?”: Identifying demons and the path to deliverance in a London Pentecostal church
Authors: Rowan Kirsty
Published: March 2016

This article is an examination of the interaction between evangelists and participants of a demonic deliverance (exorcism) ceremony in a London, UK Pentecostal church. The data is taken from an online recording and transcribed using conversation analysis conventions. A familiar feature of exorcism practice is the initial demand for the demon's identity. This study suggests that the importance of asking this question is due to it being procedurally strategic in modelling a performative path of the deliverance ceremony, which results in ritual efficacy. In particular, it is proposed that the omission of the question asking for the identity of the demon causes the deliverance path to become temporarily disrupted. This disruption is the result of a loss of thematic mapping between adverse life events and the causal agency within this specific sphere of sociocultural activity. (Religion, exorcism, possession, diaspora, spirits)*