bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Danske aids-kampagners repræsentation af hiv/aids 1983-1996
Authors: Nebeling Petersen Michael , Nielsen Astrid Helene
Published: June 2023

The representations of HIV/AIDS in Danish AIDS campaigns 1983-1996. In this article we have investigated the representation of HIV/AIDS in Danish campaign material from 1983-1996. We have collected and digitized approximate 130 pieces of campaign materials, published by approximately 30 different organizations, administrative authorities, and municipalities in the period from 1983-2000. Using a cultural studies inspired strategy of analysis, we investigate how HIV/AIDS is visually, metaphorically and rhetorically signified in the material. Our analysis show that a specific homosexual aesthetic is formed by using a camp visual style of homoeroticism and homo-iconography. We argue that the campaigns not only work through reason but also by making intimate relations, identity, and desire to its object and strategy. Secondly, as the material rarely visualizes a body living with HIV or AIDS, our analysis shows, that HIV/AIDS are metaphorically and visually represented in the material as the catastrophe, that is hidden, and the biblical fall. Thus, we conclude that a visual and metaphorical chain of equivalencies that links HIV/AIDS with homosexuality, the sin, and the catastrophe, is present in the Danish HIV/AIDS campaigns.
Jurastuderende bag tremmer
Authors: Kjær Minke Linda
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince 2016, Søbysøgård Prison and the Department of Law at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU) have partnered to offer the course »Crime, Punishment, and Crime Preventive Strategies.« The course is inspired by the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program, which was established in the USA in 1997 and has spread to several countriessince then. The teaching is conducted at Søbysøgård Prison’s closed wing with the participation of 12 law students from SDU (outside students) and 12 incarcerated men at Søbysøgård Prison (inside students).In 2022, a total of 150 students had completed the course. The article describes students’ experiences with the coursebased on an analysis of student motivation applications, evaluations of the course, and teacher reflections. The research finds that the course extends students’ knowledge of criminal justice matters. In addition, the program appears to support critical thinking among students and transform problematic frames of references, whichresults in transformative learning. The article also reflects on the programme’s potential risks and benefits.
Indledning
Authors: Christensen Torben Spanget , Hobel Peter , Niss Martin , Rørbæk Helle
Published: June 2023

Indledningen præsenterer dette nummer af Sammenlignende Fagdidaktik, herunder de indgående artikler.
Tecnologia e histórias de vida
Authors: Lisboa Edson da Silva Rodrigues , Lopes Luis Fernando
Published: June 2023

Tem-se como problema que o uso desmedido de recursos tecnológicos em sentido amplo pode induzir algumas pessoas a se afastarem do convívio social e, com isso, tem-se como pergunta norteadora: como as tecnologias podem contribuir para a emancipação dos sujeitos, a partir de uma educação tecnológica por meio do currículo? Na hipótese, compreende-se que a tecnologia associada à afetividade pode conduzir a um processo de emancipação. Ampara-se este estudo nas concepções de currículo em Sacristán (2000); de tecnologia em Vieira Pinto (2005); história de vida em Bertaux (2010); afetividade em Wallon (1975); e emancipação em Freire (1987). Justifica-se esta pesquisa sob a visão freiriana de tentar se aproximar de como se projeta a formação de profissionais da área de tecnologia, a partir do currículo prescrito (oficial) e, com isso, vislumbrar possíveis direcionamentos na relação sociedade e tecnologia. O objetivo geral é apresentar relações entre os cursos de tecnologia e as discussões sobre aprendizagem por afetividade nas disciplinas de Inteligência Artificial do curso de Sistemas de Informação de dez universidades federais. A metodologia é bibliográfica, baseada em autores que refletem sobre afetividade, bem como exploratória, por fazer uso do currículo. Os resultados indicam ser possível direcionar os assuntos da disciplina de Inteligência Artificial para a afetividade. Como conclusão, tem-se, neste estudo, uma alternativa viável e prática de se pensar uma sociedade equitativa, a partir dos estudos de tecnologia.
Zmiana społeczna w Chile i jej wpływ na chilijski porządek prawny – wybrane zagadnienia
Authors: Olszówka Filip
Published: June 2023

W październiku 2019 r. wybuchły w Chile protesty o niespotykanej dotąd skali. Były one wyrazem narastających od wielu lat napięć związanych z niespełnionymi nadziejami pokładanymi w transformacji ustrojowej. Osią konfliktu było m.in. dziedzictwo dyktatury wojskowej, w dalszym ciągu wyznaczające paradygmat funkcjonowania państwa i gospodarki, ucieleśnione w obowiązującej Konstytucji z 1980 r. Zwieńczeniem I etapu przemian było referendum konstytucyjne z 4 września 2022 r., które zakończyło się odrzuceniem projektu nowej konstytucji. W artykule przedstawiono próbę zdefiniowania zmiany, jaka zaszła wewnątrz chilijskiego społeczeństwa, roli i miejsca prawa w tej zmianie, a także wpływu, jaki wywarła ona na prawo publiczne, przejawiające się m.in. w pracach organu tworzącego projekt nowej ustawy zasadniczej, jak i wpływu na chilijskie prawo prywatne, w szczególności na kodeks cywilny.
Boliwarianizm i antyimperializm jako narzędzia polityki zagranicznej Hugo Cháveza
Authors: Król Szymon
Published: June 2023

Niniejszy artykuł charakteryzuje narzędzia polityki zagranicznej Wenezueli za czasów rządów Hugo Cháveza. Ma on na celu analizę wenezuelskiej dyplomacji pod kątem myśli politycznej chavismo, antyimperializmu oraz boliwarianizmu. Wykorzystując analizę treści oraz studium przypadku autor twierdzi, że znaczący wpływ na wenezuelską politykę zagraniczną po 1999 roku miały myśl i program polityczny Hugo Cháveza. Artykuł rekonstruuje również główne założenia i elementy prowadzonej przez Cháveza dyplomacji.
La naturaleza como sujeto de derechos en Bolivia: la teoría y la realidad
Authors: Nyc Zuzanna
Published: June 2023

El propósito de este artículo es analizar el concepto de los derechos de la naturaleza en Bolivia, tanto desde una perspectiva teórica como a la luz de su aplicación en la práctica. Utilizando fuentes primarias (leyes, documentos políticos, sentencias judiciales), así como artículos científicos y monografías sobre el tema, se esboza un panorama del funciona-miento del ordenamiento jurídico boliviano en materia de derechos de la naturaleza. Se prestó especial atención a la idea de suma qamaña, procedente de la cultura aymara, que en Bolivia constituyó la base filosófica para otorgar subjetividad jurídica a la naturaleza, así como a la actuación del gobierno boliviano en dos casos juzgados por el Tribunal Interna-cional de los Derechos de la Naturaleza: el caso de la construcción de una carretera en el Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) y el caso de los incendios en la selva amazónica
Competition between myosin II and βH-Spectrin regulates cytoskeletal tension
Authors: Ibar Consuelo , Chinthalapudi Krishna , Heissler Sarah M. , Irvine Kenneth D.
Published: June 2023

Spectrins are membrane cytoskeletal proteins generally thought to function as heterotetramers comprising two ⍺-spectrins and two β-spectrins. They influence cell shape and Hippo signaling, but the mechanism by which they influence Hippo signaling has remained unclear. We have investigated the role and regulation of the Drosophila β-heavy Spectrin (β H -Spectrin, encoded by the karst gene) in wing imaginal discs. Our results establish that β H -Spectrin regulates Hippo signaling through the Jub biomechanical pathway due to its influence on cytoskeletal tension. While we find that ⍺-Spectrin also regulates Hippo signaling through Jub, unexpectedly, we find that β H -Spectrin localizes and functions independently of ⍺-Spectrin. Instead, β H -Spectrin co-localizes with and reciprocally regulates and is regulated by myosin. In vivo and in vitro experiments support a model in which β H -Spectrin and myosin directly compete for binding to apical F-actin. This competition can explain the influence of β H -Spectrin on cytoskeletal tension and myosin accumulation. It also provides new insight into how β H -Spectrin participates in ratcheting mechanisms associated with cell shape change.
Ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects are mediated by Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors
Authors: Zaytseva Anastasiya , Bouckova Evelina , Wiles McKennon J , Wustrau Madison H , Schmidt Isabella G , Mendez-Vazquez Hadassah , Khatri Latika , Kim Seonil
Published: June 2023

Ketamine is shown to enhance excitatory synaptic drive in multiple brain areas, which is presumed to underlie its rapid antidepressant effects. Moreover, ketamine’s therapeutic actions are likely mediated by enhancing neuronal Ca2+ signaling. However, ketamine is a noncompetitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist that reduces excitatory synaptic transmission and postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling. Thus, it is a puzzling question how ketamine enhances glutamatergic and Ca2+ activity in neurons to induce rapid antidepressant effects while blocking NMDARs in the hippocampus. Here, we find that ketamine treatment in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons significantly reduces Ca2+ and calcineurin activity to elevate AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit GluA1 phosphorylation. This phosphorylation ultimately leads to the expression of Ca2+-Permeable, GluA2-lacking, and GluA1-containing AMPARs (CP-AMPARs). The ketamine-induced expression of CP-AMPARs enhances glutamatergic activity and glutamate receptor plasticity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Moreover, when a sub-anesthetic dose of ketamine is given to mice, it increases synaptic GluA1 levels, but not GluA2, and GluA1 phosphorylation in the hippocampus within 1 hr after treatment. These changes are likely mediated by ketamine-induced reduction of calcineurin activity in the hippocampus. Using the open field and tail suspension tests, we demonstrate that a low dose of ketamine rapidly reduces anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in both male and female mice. However, when in vivo treatment of a CP-AMPAR antagonist abolishes the ketamine’s effects on animals’ behaviors. We thus discover that ketamine at the low dose promotes the expression of CP-AMPARs via reduction of calcineurin activity, which in turn enhances synaptic strength to induce rapid antidepressant actions.
Genetic and karyotype divergence between parents affect clonality and sterility in hybrids
Authors: Marta Anatolie , Tichopád Tomáš , Bartoš Oldřich , Klíma Jiří , Shah Mujahid Ali , Bohlen Vendula Šlechtová , Bohlen Joerg , Halačka Karel , Choleva Lukáš , Stöck Matthias , Dedukh Dmitrij , Janko Karel
Published: June 2023

Asexual reproduction can be triggered by interspecific hybridization, but its emergence is supposedly rare, relying on exceptional combinations of suitable genomes. To examine how genomic and karyotype divergence between parental lineages affect the incidence of asexual gametogenesis, we experimentally hybridized fishes (Cobitidae) across a broad phylogenetic spectrum, assessed by whole exome data. Gametogenic pathways generally followed a continuum from sexual reproduction in hybrids between closely related evolutionary lineages to sterile or inviable crosses between distant lineages. However, most crosses resulted in a combination of sterile males and asexually reproducing females. Their gametes usually experienced problems in chromosome pairing, but females also produced a certain proportion of oocytes with premeiotically duplicated genomes, enabling their development into clonal eggs. Interspecific hybridization may thus commonly affect cell cycles in a specific way, allowing the formation of unreduced oocytes. The emergence of asexual gametogenesis appears tightly linked to hybrid sterility and constitutes an inherent part of the extended speciation continuum.
Separating phases of allopolyploid evolution with resynthesized and natural Capsella bursa-pastoris
Authors: Duan Tianlin , Sicard Adrien , Glémin Sylvain , Lascoux Martin
Published: June 2023

Allopolyploidization is a frequent evolutionary transition in plants that combines whole-genome duplication (WGD) and interspecific hybridization. The genome of an allopolyploid species results from initial interactions between parental genomes and long-term evolution. Telling apart the contributions of these two phases is essential to understand the evolutionary trajectory of allopolyploid species. Here, we compared phenotypic and transcriptomic changes in natural and resynthesized
Capsella
allotetraploids with their diploid parental species. We focused on phenotypic traits associated with the selfing syndrome and on transcription-level phenomena such as expression level dominance (ELD), transgressive expression (TRE), and homoeolog expression bias (HEB).We found that selfing syndrome, high pollen and seed quality in natural allotetraploids likely resulted from long-term evolution. Similarly, TRE and most down-regulated ELDs were only found in natural allopolyploids. Natural allotetraploids also had more ELDs toward the self-fertilizing parental species than resynthesized allotetraploids, mirroring the establishment of the selfing syndrome. However, short-term changes mattered, and 40% of ELDs in natural allotetraploids were already observed in resynthesized allotetraploids. Resynthesized allotetraploids showed striking HEB variation among chromosomes and individuals. Homoeologous synapsis was its primary source and may still be a source of genetic variation in natural allotetraploids.In conclusion, both short- and long-term mechanisms contributed to transcriptomic and phenotypic changes in natural allotetraploids. However, the initial gene expression changes were largely reshaped during long-term evolution leading to further morphological changes.
Developmental Alterations in Brain Network Asymmetry in 3- to 9-Month Infants with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Liu Guangfang , Zhou Xin , Hu Zhenyan , Liu Yidi , Huo Endi , Bortfeld Heather , Dong Qi , Liu Haihong , Niu Haijing
Published: June 2023

Auditory exposure plays crucial roles in shaping healthy brain development and generating lateralization of functional network organization. However, little is known about whether and how an initial lack of auditory exposure in early infancy may disrupt development of functional network lateralization. We addressed this issue by recruiting 55 infants with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 60 typically developing (TD) controls. Resting-state fNIRS imaging data were acquired to construct hemispheric cerebral networks, and graph theory was applied to quantify the topological characteristics of hemispheric networks. The infants with SNHL exhibited efficient small-world characteristic within each hemispheric network, however, the lateralization of functional network efficiency was substantially disrupted. Compared with TD infants with significantly increased network efficiency lateralized toward left hemisphere with age, the SNHL infants did not exhibit the emergence and development of such cerebral lateralization. Furthermore, the increased leftward asymmetry in nodal efficiency with age was found in TD but not in SNHL infants. Interestingly, the degree of hearing loss had no correlation with lateralization strength in the SNHL group. These results suggest that SNHL infants exhibited disrupted development of cortical lateralization in functional network organization, and highlight the importance of auditory stimulation-promoted multisensory functional integration in early infancy.
Design of feature selection algorithm for high-dimensional network data based on supervised discriminant projection
Authors: Zhang Zongfu , Luo Qingjia , Ying Zuobin , Chen Rongbin , Chen Hongan
Published: June 2023

High dimension and complexity of network high-dimensional data lead to poor feature selection effect network high-dimensional data. To effectively solve this problem, feature selection algorithms for high-dimensional network data based on supervised discriminant projection (SDP) have been designed. The sparse representation problem of high-dimensional network data is transformed into an Lp norm optimization problem, and the sparse subspace clustering method is used to cluster high-dimensional network data. Dimensionless processing is carried out for the clustering processing results. Based on the linear projection matrix and the best transformation matrix, the dimensionless processing results are reduced by combining the SDP. The sparse constraint method is used to achieve feature selection of high-dimensional data in the network, and the relevant feature selection results are obtained. The experimental findings demonstrate that the suggested algorithm can effectively cluster seven different types of data and converges when the number of iterations approaches 24. The F1 value, recall, and precision are all kept at high levels. High-dimensional network data feature selection accuracy on average is 96.9%, and feature selection time on average is 65.1 milliseconds. The selection effect for network high-dimensional data features is good.
Effect of long-term influx of tertiary treated wastewater on native bacterial communities in a dry valley topsoil: 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis of composition and functional profile
Authors: Masrahi Abdurrahman S.
Published: June 2023

Although dumping treated wastewater into soil might provide nutrients and organic matter, it can also expose the ecosystem to biological and chemical risks. A vital indication of soil health and quality is the soil microbial community. The current work used next-generation 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the effects of the long-term influx of tertiary treated wastewater (TWW) into Wadi Uranah, a dry valley in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia, on native topsoil bacterial community composition and predicted functions. The findings demonstrated that neither the compositions of microbial communities nor their predicted functions using PICRUSt2 differed significantly (p > 0.05) between polluted valley soil (PolVS) and unpolluted valley soil (UPVS). Alpha and beta diversity, however, showed that the PolVS samples had a considerably higher level of diversity and variability. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most prevalent phyla in both groups. Noticeable relative variations existed in some metabolic pathways such as cofactor, prosthetic group, electron carrier degradation, aldehyde degradation, and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that because both groups have very similar core microbiomes and functions, the long-term disposal of tertiary TWW into Wadi Uranah may have little to no influence on the composition and function of soil bacterial communities. In addition, the long-term discharge of tertiary TWW after partially treated wastewater’s initial disposal may have helped the native soil microbial community recover.
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) and p53 Mutations in Gliomas: A Cross-sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka, India
Authors: Louis Nissy J , Patel Sapna , Srikantegowda Harish
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Gliomas, being the most common Central Nervous System (CNS) neoplasms, are broadly divided into astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and ependymomas. World Health Organisation (WHO) 2016 criteria incorporated Immunohistochemistry (IHC), molecular diagnostic techniques and histological tumour grading into its diagnostic criteria. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) mutations are commonly seen in young people with good prognostic implications. The detection of Tumor Protein53 (p53) mutations in gliomas and its association with the grade of the tumour can be used as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool for better survival in affected individuals. IHC can be used as surrogate markers in detecting the mutational status of IDH1 and p53. Aim: To study the expression of IDH1 and p53 mutations in gliomas and to evaluate its association with known clinicopathological variables. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at JSSAHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The duration of the study was three years and 11 months, from October 2018 to September 2022. All histopathologically diagnosed glioma cases, who underwent surgery, were appropriately reviewed and graded. IHC was performed for the detection of IDH1mutational status and p53 expression. The tumour was labelled as, IDH1 positive with cytoplasmic staining and p53 positive when nuclear staining was observed in more than 5% of tumour cells. The p53 expression was further quantified in scores as low ≤8 and high >8 score. The associations of clinicopathological variables and the comparison of the scores of p53 mutation across various categories of gliomas were analysed statistically. The data was analysed using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 15.3 years. A total of 35 cases (20 males and 15 females) were analysed. The maximum number of cases was in the age group of 31-40 years (n=13) followed by 41-50 years of age group (n=11). Three of them were seen in age less than 20 years. The male: female ratio was 1.33:1. Out of total cases, 20 cases showed IDH1 positivity, 12 cases showed high p53 expression and six cases demonstrated both, IDH1 positivity and high expression of p53. A statistically significant association (p-value=0.014) was seen between the grade of the tumour and p53 immunoreaction. Conclusion: The present study of the detection of IDH1 and p53 mutations, could provide reliable information for improved tailoring of patient therapy as study revealed that, there was a significant association of p53 expression with the grade of the tumour with low expression in low grade gliomas and high p53 expression in high grade gliomas.
Corporate Board Diversity Effect on Environmental Sustainability Disclosure Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Odum Chinwe Gloria
Published: June 2023

The board of directors is responsible for making important decisions relating to corporate climate strategy. However, there is a possibility that their focus on minimizing agency costs may lead them to compromise environmental policies. This study aims to examine the impact of board diversity on the tendency that consumer goods firms listed in Nigeria will report on their environmental sustainability activities with a focus on a ten-year period (2011 to 2020). This study adopts ex-post facto research design using a population of twenty (20) consumer goods firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group's (NGX). A sample of 16 firms were selected through purposive sampling techniques and the data set which were sourced from published audited annual report were analysed using binary logistic regression analyses approach. The result reveal that CEO nationality have a positive significant effect on environmental disclosure suggesting that engaging the services of a foreign CEO can be leveraged upon in the determination of corporate goals that are associated with reducing the adverse effect of firm’s operation on the environment. The outcome is consistent with the stakeholders’ theory and reflects a sign of CEOs commitment to the demands and interests of stakeholders. In view of the foregoing, the study advocate for policies that that will accommodate hiring CEOs from different nationality. Such policies when implemented will give support to environmentally friendly discussions and deliberations which can translate to improved value for the firm. Such policy actions will be fundamental to maintaining good relationships with powerful stakeholders hence help avoid undue pressure from stakeholders.
Feasibility of Multispectral Observations for Detecting Nitrogen Stress and Yield Potential in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through Remote Sensing
Authors: Dongarwar A. A. , Deshmukh M. R. , Dongarwar Usha , Pardhi Hema , Kashiwar S. R.
Published: June 2023

The present investigation was conducted during kharif 2019-20 at Department of Agronomy farm, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of different nutrient management practices including FYM and nitrogen doses viz., Absolute Control (N1), FYM @ 5 t ha-1 (N2), N2 + 30 kg N ha-1 (N3), N2 + 60 kg N ha-1 (N4), N2 + 90 kg N ha-1 (N5), N2 +120 kg N (N6) and N2 + 150 kg N ha-1 (N7). Cotton crop was sown on 29th June 2019 and was harvested in four pickings. Among various spectral bands, significantly higher positive and negative correlation coefficient values (at 0.05 % level of significance) for plant chlorophyll content were noted with the simple ratio of NIR/G (r2=0.829) and G/NIR(r2=-0.826), respectively, being most efficient in detecting the nitrogen stress in cotton crop. Yield potential of cotton was established (at 0.05 % level of significance) with negative and positive (both) correlation coefficient of simple ratio of R/NIR (r2=-0.815 and r2=-0.869) and NIR/R (r2=0.811and r2=0.865) respectively at 180 DAS.
Value Addition and Standardization of Recipe on Dragon Fruit Jelly (Hylocerous undatus L.)
Authors: Narayan Shailja , Prasad V. M.
Published: June 2023

The present investigation entitled “Value addition and standardization of recipe on dragon fruit jelly (Hylocerous undatus L.)” was conducted at Post-Harvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the year 2022. The experiment was laid down in Complete randomized  design (RBD)  with 3 replications and 10 treatments viz . T0 = (Control) Dragon fruit extract 1000ml+sugar 550g, T1 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Mint 2.5g + sugar 550g T2 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Mint 5g + sugar 550g , T3 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Mint 7.5g + sugar 550g, T4 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Cardamom 2g + Sugar 550g, T5= Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Cardamom 3g + Sugar 550g,  T6 = Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Cardamom 4g + Sugar 550g, T7 = Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Ginger 2.5g + Sugar 550g, T8 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Ginger 5g + Sugar 550g and T9 =Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Ginger 7.5 g + Sugar 550g. Study results revealed that, there was significant statistical variation TSS(ºBrix), Reducing Sugar(%), Non Reducing Sugar( %), total Sugar(%), titrable acidity (%), pH, ascorbic acid( mg/100gm), and Benefit cost Ratio. Maximum TSS (67.01 ºBrix), pH (4.41), Reducing Sugar(36.16 %), Non reducing Sugar (53.92%), Total sugar (72.08%), Titratable acidity (0.62%), Ascorbic acid (2.44mg/100gm), Colour appearance (8.45), Consistency (8.26), flavour and Taste (8.67), Aroma (6.07), overall acceptability (8.58), transparency (8.34), shelf-life 89.65) and benefit cost ratio 2.33 was recorded in T6 = Dragon fruit extract 1000ml + Cardamom 4g + Sugar 550g.  Basis on this study Treatment T6 can be suggested to farmers to obtain better quality and higher benefit in jelly production.
Scoping Review of Published Oncology Meta-analyses in High-Impact Oncology Journals
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Tuia Jordan , Prasad Vinay
Published: June 2023

Importance

Many meta-analyses have been conducted on a wide array of topics, and many of these have focused on treatment efficacy of drugs or bias in interventional studies on a specific topic.

Objective

To examine the factors associated with having a positive study conclusion in meta-analyses in the field of oncology.

Evidence Review

All meta-analyses published between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, on 5 oncology journal websites were identified and study characteristics, study results, and information on study authors were abstracted. The meta-analysis authors’ conclusions were coded as positive, negative, or equivocal, and each article subject matter was coded as one that could affect profits and marketing of a company. Whether an association existed between study characteristics and authors’ conclusions was also examined.

Findings

Database searches resulted in 3947 potential articles, of which 93 meta-analyses were included in this study. Of the 21 studies with author funding from industry, 17 studies (81.0%) reported favorable conclusions. Of the 9 studies that received industry funding, 7 (77.8%) reported favorable conclusions, and of the 63 studies that did not have author or study funding from industry, 30 (47.6%) reported favorable conclusions. Studies that were funded through nonindustry sources and authors who had no relevant conflict of interest had the lowest percentage of positive conclusions and the highest percentage of negative and equivocal conclusions compared with studies with other sources of potential conflict of interest.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of meta-analyses published in oncology journals, multiple factors were associated with having a positive study conclusion, which suggests that future research should be performed to elucidate reasons for more favorable conclusions among studies with study or author industry funding.
Suicide Ideation, Plans, and Attempts Attributed to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among US Veterans
Authors: Stanley Ian H. , Flarity Kathleen M. , April Michael D.
Published: June 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes data from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to assess whether suicidal experiences among US veterans are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Characteristics Associated With Cannabis Use Initiation by Late Childhood and Early Adolescence in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Miller Alex P. , Baranger David A. A. , Paul Sarah E. , Hatoum Alexander S. , Rogers Cynthia , Bogdan Ryan , Agrawal Arpana
Published: June 2023

This cohort study evaluates characteristics associated with early-onset cannabis use.
Free Healthy School Meals for All as a Means to Advance Child Health Equity
Authors: Bean Melanie K. , Adams Elizabeth L. , Buscemi Joanna
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how providing free, healthy meals to all schoolchildren can advance health equity.
RETRACTED: A primer of community ecology using the R language
Authors: Kadowaki Kohmei
Published: June 2023

Community ecology beginners often struggle to understand theories expressed in complex mathematical formulas and to master computer programming. To remedy this situation, this article provides a practical, R‐based introduction to community ecology by illustrating core concepts (vital rates, carrying capacity, and density dependence) and models that can be used to explore the patterns of species abundance and diversity. The structure of this article consists of three modeling exercises, each asking a general question that can be answered by a combination of theory and R programming: (1) what determines the abundance of species, and what makes a population persist and go extinct?; (2) what determines the distribution of species and species diversity?; (3) what determines the relative abundance of species and what allows species to coexist? Through the exercises, I discuss the following five concepts and ideas that provide valuable insights into the questions: (i) the tragedy of the commons, (ii) the theory of island biogeography, (iii) competitive exclusion, (iv) the neutral theory of biodiversity, and (v) frequency dependence. These materials are thus designed to guide the reader in developing an intuition for ecological thinking that will help capture the essence of the global environmental and biodiversity crisis. Although this article does not delineate the scope and depth of the vast field of community ecology, I hope that it will motivate the reader to step up to a more formal introduction to community ecology.
Multi‐omic integration of DNA methylation and gene expression data reveals molecular vulnerabilities in glioblastoma
Authors: Santamarina‐Ojeda Pablo , Tejedor Juan Ramón , Pérez Raúl F. , López Virginia , Roberti Annalisa , Mangas Cristina , Fernández Agustín F. , Fraga Mario F.
Published: June 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer and exhibits profound genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity, making the development of an effective treatment a major challenge. The recent incorporation of molecular features into the diagnosis of patients with GBM has led to an improved categorization into various tumour subtypes with different prognoses and disease management. In this work, we have exploited the benefits of genome‐wide multi‐omic approaches to identify potential molecular vulnerabilities existing in patients with GBM. Integration of gene expression and DNA methylation data from both bulk GBM and patient‐derived GBM stem cell lines has revealed the presence of major sources of GBM variability, pinpointing subtype‐specific tumour vulnerabilities amenable to pharmacological interventions. In this sense, inhibition of the AP‐1, SMAD3 and RUNX1/RUNX2 pathways, in combination or not with the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide, led to the subtype‐specific impairment of tumour growth, particularly in the context of the aggressive, mesenchymal‐like subtype. These results emphasize the involvement of these molecular pathways in the development of GBM and have potential implications for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
Tumbler‐Inspired Microneedle Containing Robots: Achieving Rapid Self‐Orientation and Peristalsis‐Resistant Adhesion for Colonic Administration
Authors: Huang Libing , Li Lihuang , Jiang Yanjie , Cai Jingfeng , Cai Shuntian , Ren Yandan , Xu Hongzhi , Luo Jingnan , Wang Miao , Ren Lei
Published: June 2023

Microneedle containing miniature robots offer a promising route for gastrointestinal administration since their capability of transmucosal delivery and controllable drug release. However, many challenges still lie ahead such as the intricate control modes, destitute systematic theory of the locomotion and adhesion behaviors, failure due to peristalsis and fluid flow, and risk of ileus. Herein, an untethered microneedle containing robots is designed for specific colonic administration, which can dispense with control systems, achieve fast self‐orientation and adhesion onto the mucosa (<0.6 s), against physiology of peristalsis, and show low risks of obstruction. Further, the detachable layer between the microneedle and the robots can degrade under a time of 6 min, which ensures safely discharge under a small, excreted force of 20 mN induced by fluid flow. Through the optimism of microneedles, different drug release times can be achieved including 14 min, 2 days, 4 days, and 30 days, respectively. The in vivo experiments also demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the robots. These robots can serve as a versatile platform to treat diseases such as chronic inflammation and cancer of the colon to minimize invasive surgical intervention and patient suffering.
Organic Polarized Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Qin Zhengsheng , Wang Tianyu , Gao Haikuo , Li Yang , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: June 2023

Electrically driven polarized light‐emitting sources are central to various applications including quantum computers, optical communication, and 3D displays, but serious challenges remain due to the inevitable incorporation of complex optical elements in conventional devices. Here, organic polarized light‐emitting transistors (OPLETs), a kind of novel device that integrates the functions of organic field‐effect transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes, and polarizers into one unique device, are demonstrated with a degree of polarization (DOP) as high as 0.97, which is comparable to completely linearly polarized light (DOP = 1). Under the modulation of gate voltage, robust and efficient polarization emission is proven, ascribed to the intrinsic in‐plane anisotropy of the molecular transition dipole moment in organic semiconductors and the open‐ended feature of OPLETs instead of other factors. As a result, high‐contrast optical imaging and anti‐counterfeiting security are successfully demonstrated based on OPLETs, establishing a new direction for photonic and electronic integration toward on‐chip miniaturized optoelectronic applications.
A Transformable Mucoadhesive Microgel Network for Noninvasive Multimodal Imaging And Radioprotection of a Large Area of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Tian Meng , Mu Xin , Fan Dongyue , Liu Zhen , Liu Qi , Yue Kan , Song Zhiling , Luo Jie , Zhang Shiyi
Published: June 2023

The lack of noninvasive imaging and modulation of a large area of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract constrain the diagnosis and treatment of many GI‐related diseases. Recent advances use novel mucoadhesive materials to coat a part of the GI tract and then modulate its functions. High mucoadhesion is the key factor of the partial coating, but also the limitation for not spreading and covering the lower GI tract. Here, a bismuth–pectin organic–inorganic hybrid complex is screened and engineered into a transformable microgel network (Bi‐GLUE) with high flowability and mucoadhesion, such that it can quickly transit through and coat a large area of the GI tract. In murine and porcine models, Bi‐GLUE delivers contrast agents to achieve real‐time, large‐area GI‐tract imaging under X‐ray or magnetic resonance  modalities and to facilitate the non‐invasive diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis. Moreover, Bi‐GLUE, like an intracorporal radiation shield, decreases the radiotoxicity in a whole‐abdomen irradiation rat model. This transformable microgel network offers a new direction that can modulate a large area of the GI tract and may have broad applications for GI‐related conditions.
Strain‐Control of Cycloidal Spin Order in a Metallic Van der Waals Magnet
Authors: Du Kai , Huang Fei‐Ting , Gamage Kasun , Yang Junjie , Mostovoy Maxim , Cheong Sang‐Wook
Published: June 2023

The manipulation of magnetism through strain control is a captivating area of research with potential applications for low‐power devices that do not require dissipative currents. Recent investigations of insulating multiferroics have unveiled tunable relationships among polar lattice distortions, Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMI), and cycloidal spin orders that break inversion symmetry. These findings have raised the possibility of utilizing strain or strain gradient to manipulate intricate magnetic states by changing polarization. However, the effectiveness of manipulating cycloidal spin orders in “metallic” materials with screened magnetism‐relevant electric polarization remains uncertain. In this study, the reversible strain control of cycloidal spin textures in a metallic van der Waals magnet, Cr1/3TaS2, through the modulation of polarization and DMI induced by strain is demonstrated. With thermally‐induced biaxial strains and isothermally‐applied uniaxial strains, systematic manipulation of the sign and wavelength of the cycloidal spin textures is realized, respectively. Additionally, unprecedented reflectivity reduction under strain and domain modification at a record‐low current density are also discovered. These findings establish a connection between polarization and cycloidal spins in metallic materials and present a new avenue for utilizing the remarkable tunability of cycloidal magnetic textures and optical functionality in van der Waals metals with strain.
A Novel Pathway of Functional microRNA Uptake and Mitochondria Delivery
Authors: Liu Jiachen , Li Weili , Li Jianfeng , Song Eli , Liang Hongwei , Rong Weiwei , Jiang Xinli , Xu Nuo , Wang Wei , Qu Shuang , Gu Shouyong , Zhang Yujing , Yu Zhang Chen‐ , Zen Ke
Published: June 2023

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in horizontal gene regulation. Uptake of extracellular miRNAs by recipient cells and their intracellular transport, however, remains elusive. Here RNA phase separation is shown as a novel pathway of miRNA uptake. In the presence of serum, synthetic miRNAs rapidly self‐assembly into ≈110 nm discrete nanoparticles, which enable miRNAs’ entry into different cells. Depleting serum cationic proteins prevents the formation of such nanoparticles and thus blocks miRNA uptake. Different from lipofectamine‐mediated miRNA transfection in which majority of miRNAs are accumulated in lysosomes of transfected cells, nanoparticles‐mediated miRNA uptake predominantly delivers miRNAs into mitochondria in a polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1(PNPT1)‐dependent manner. Functional assays further show that the internalized miR‐21 via miRNA phase separation enhances mitochondrial translation of cytochrome b (CYB), leading to increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction in HEK293T cells. The findings thus reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism for uptake and delivery functional extracellular miRNAs into mitochondria.
Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Physiological Roles, Infection Immunology, and Applications
Authors: Gan Yixiao , Zhao Gang , Wang Zhicheng , Zhang Xingcai , Wu Mei X. , Lu Min
Published: June 2023

Bacterial or fungal membrane vesicles, traditionally considered as microbial metabolic wastes, are secreted mainly from the outer membrane or cell membrane of microorganisms. However, recent studies have shown that these vesicles play essential roles in direct or indirect communications among microorganisms and between microorganisms and hosts. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the physiological functions and emerging applications of bacterial membrane vesicles, with a focus on their biogenesis, mechanisms of adsorption and invasion into host cells, immune stimulatory effects, and roles in the much‐concerned problem of bacterial resistance. Additionally, the potential applications of these vesicles as biomarkers, vaccine candidates, and drug delivery platforms are discussed.
Spontaneous Symmetry‐Breaking of Nonequilibrium Steady–States Caused by Nonlinear Electrical Transport
Authors: Bradicich Adelaide , Brown Timothy D. , Ganguli Sabyasachi , Williams R. Stanley , Shamberger Patrick J.
Published: June 2023

Negative differential resistance (NDR) in certain materials has been attributed to spontaneous emergence of symmetry‐breaking electrical current density localization from a previously homogeneous distribution, which is postulated to occur due to the nonequilibrium thermodynamic force of minimization of entropy production. However, this phenomenon has not been quantitatively predicted based on intrinsic material properties and an applied electrical stimulus. Herein an instability criterion is derived for localization of current density and temperature from a thermal fluctuation in a parallel conductor model of a thin film that is subject to Newton's law of cooling. The conditions for steady–state electro‐thermal localization is predicted, verifying a decrease in entropy production upon localization. Electro‐thermal localization accompanied by a decrease of entropy production is confirmed in a multiphysics simulation of current flow in a thin film. The instability criterion predicts conditions for spontaneous current density localization, relating symmetry breaking fundamentally to dynamical instability via Local Activity theory.
Operando Reconstructed Molecule Fence to Stabilize NiFe‐Based Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Lin Yu , Fang Jiakun , Wang Wenbin , Wen Qunlei , Huang Danji , Ding Defang , Li Zhen , Liu Youwen , Shen Yi , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2023

Economical NiFe‐based oxygen evolution reaction catalysts have recently gained attention for their potential to accelerate green hydrogen production through water electrolysis. However, their practical application is limited by durability issues caused by the leaching of Fe sites during operation. Here an operando reconstructed molecule fence, that is, sulfate‐anchored aromatic ring molecule, is proposed to inhibit the leaching of Fe atoms and improve the durability of NiFe‐based catalysts. With this design, the sulfate not only immobilizes the aromatic ring as the protective layer to ensure long‐term service but also leaves space for beneficial site exposure and mass penetration. Molecule fence‐protected NiFe‐based catalysts exhibit excellent stability to withstand continuous high current densities of 100 mA cm−2 for over 2200 h and frequent current fluctuations and under start‐up/shut‐down events for over 200 h. Furthermore, the implementation of optimized catalysts in industrial water electrolysis equipment operates steadily for over 100 h with an energy consumption of ≈4.18 kWh m−3 H2.
Emission or scattering? Discriminating the origin of responsiveness in AIEgen‐doped smart polymers using the TPE dye
Authors: Dini Valentina A. , Genovese Damiano , Micheletti Cosimo , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Pucci Andrea , Gualandi Chiara
Published: June 2023

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogens are attractive dyes to probe polymer properties that depend on changes in chain mobility and free volume. When embedded in polymers the restriction of intramolecular motion (RIM) can lead to their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) strong enhancement if local microviscosity increases (lowering of chain mobility and free volume). Nonetheless, measuring PLQY during stimuli, i.e. heat or mechanical stress, is technically challenging; thus, emission intensity is commonly used instead, assuming its direct correlation with the PLQY. Here, by using fluorescence lifetime as an absolute fluorescence parameter, it is demonstrated that this assumption can be invalid in many commonly encountered conditions. To this aim, different polymers are loaded with tetraphenylenethylene (TPE) and characterized during the application of thermal and mechanical stress and physical aging. Under these conditions, polymer matrix transparency variation is observed, possibly due to local changes in refractive index and to the formation of microfractures. By combining different characterization techniques, it is proved that scattering can affect the apparent emission intensity, while lifetime measurements can be used to ascertain whether the observed phenomenon is due to modifications of the photophysical properties of AIE dyes (RIM effect) or to alterations in the matrix optical properties.
Ultrasonographic monitoring of fetal eye growth parameters throughout gestation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Jang Ha Young , Kwak Jina , Lee Seok Jae , Wu Jun , Jiang Hui , Choi Eun‐Saem , Park Chan‐Wook , Kang Byeong‐Cheol , Kim Jeong Hun
Published: June 2023

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is considered an ideal species for developing genetically modified nonhuman primates (NHP) models of human disease, particularly eye disease. They have been proposed as a suitable bridge between rodents and other NHP models due to their similar ophthalmological features to humans. Prenatal ultrasonography is an accurate and reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring fetal development and congenital malformation. We monitored fetal eye growth and development using noninvasive ultrasonography in 40 heads of clinically normal fetuses during pregnancy to establish the criteria for studying congenital eye anomalies in marmosets. The coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes were useful to identify the facial structures for any associated abnormalities. For orbital measurements, biorbital distance (BOD), ocular diameter (OD), interorbital distance (IOD), and total axial length (TAL) were measured in the transverse plane and carefully identified for intraorbital structures. As a result, high correlations were observed between delivery‐based gestational age (GA) and biparietal diameter (BPD), BOD, OD, and TAL. The correlation assessments based on BOD provide more reliable results for monitoring eye growth and development in normal marmosets than any other parameters since BOD has the highest correlation coefficient according to both delivery‐based GA and BPD among ocular measurements. In conclusion, orbital measurements by prenatal ultrasonography provide reliable indicators of marmoset eye growth, and it could offer early diagnostic criteria to facilitate the development of eye disease models and novel therapies such as genome editing technologies in marmosets.