bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tingkat Kepentingan Faktor Penyesuaian Non-Transaksional dalam Penilaian Tanah Berdasarkan Persepsi Penilai Pemerintah
Authors: Warlan Warlan , Firdaus M. As'ad , Mardana I Wayan
Published: December 2022

One of the processes in the valuation analysis using the market approach is the adjustment of the comparison object data. Adjustments are made to transactional and non-transactional factors. For non-transactional factors including location, land area, land shape, soil type, land contour, elevation from the road surface, accessibility, and facilities. This study aims to determine the level of importance of the non-transactional adjustment factor on the value of residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and plantation land based on the perceptions of government appraisers at DGSAM. This research was conducted to see the perception of government appraisers at the national level, island clusters, and regional office clusters. The results of the national research show that the most influential factor on the value of residential land and commercial land is the location factor. The value of industrial land is most influenced by the accessibility factor, while agricultural land and plantation land are most influenced by the land area factor.
Social Studies Teachers’ Digital Literacy Levels
Authors: Kosdak Elif , Koca Nusret , Kaya Mehmet Tamer
Published: December 2022

In this study, which was conducted to determine the digital literacy levels of social studies teachers, explanatory sequential design, which is one of the mixed pattern methods, was used. 543 Social Studies teachers working in secondary schools across Turkey participated in the study in the 2019-2020 academic year. 543 social studies teachers participated in the quantitative part of the study and 32 social studies teachers participated in the qualitative part. The sample of the study was chosen as an easy and accessible sample. The data of the study were collected through the personal information form developed by the researcher, the interview form and the digital literacy scale developed by Sulak, (2019). Quantitative data obtained in the study were analyzed with a statistical program. As a result of the research, it was determined that the digital literacy levels of social studies teachers were at the "I agree" level. Significant differences were found between the digital literacy levels of teachers and the variables of gender, use of technology in the lesson, and in-service training. With the data obtained as a result of the interviews, it was revealed that the teachers themselves have a perception that their digital literacy skill level is below the digital literacy level of today's Z generation. As a result of the findings, suggestions were made to carry out various studies to increase the digital literacy level of social studies teachers and to gain digital literacy skills through in-service/pre-service training.
TOPI TI'I LANGGA
Authors: Lenama Arnoldy
Published: December 2022

TOPI TI'I LANGGA ADALAH TOPI ADAT YANG BERASAL DARI KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO
TEORI EKONOMI FASE KEDUA (AL GAZALI)
Authors: Mulyadi Adi Iftimal
Published: December 2022

Al-Ghazali memasuki fase kedua dalam sejarah pemikiran ekonomi Islam. Fase kedua dimulai pada abad ke-11 hingga abad ke-15. Pada fase kedua ini banyak dihadapkan pada realitas politik yang ditandai dengan banyaknya tindakan korupsi di kalangan penguasa dan disertai dengan dekadensi moral yang mengakibatkan semakin lebarnya jurang antara si kaya dan si miskin. Al-Ghazali menerapkan sistem ekonomi Islam dengan pendekatan tasawuf, karena semasa hidupnya sulit bagi orang-orang yang kaya, berkuasa, dan penuh wibawa untuk menerima pendekatan fikih dan filosofis dalam mengimani Yaum al-Hisab (Hari Kiamat)
Drug ADME
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Shankha
Published: December 2022

The Project done by me is based on analysis of how a drug works and how it is administered to the body and also it's antiviral capacity against covid-19 and other diseases.
Legal Analysis of Smoothness Handover of Rokan Block from Chevron Pacific Indonesia to Pertamina Company
Authors: Syafrinaldi  , Thamrin S  , Febrianto Surizki , Prayuda Rendi , Rahdiansyah
Published: December 2022

Indonesia is a country enriched with natural resources. One of the sources is oil and natural gas. The spirit to manage and explore these resources emerged after Indonesia's independence through the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which was specifically stated in Article 33 (3) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution stipulates that "Earth and water and the natural resources contained therein shall be controlled by the state and used for the greatest prosperity of the people". From the provisions of Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, it can be explained that the management of natural resources in the form of exploration and exploitation of natural resources within the Indonesian jurisdiction including oil and natural gas is the authority of the state. Mining commodities such as oil and natural gas, gold, silver, bronze, coal, and so on are non-renewable resources. As unrenewable natural resources, oil and gas are businesses with very high demand in Indonesia. It is one of the biggest income promises for Indonesia. In addition, the oil and gas business is capital and technology intensive. The objectives of the study on handover of Rokan Block from Chevron Pacific Indonesia to Pertamina Company are as follows: To analyze the legal smoothness of handover of Rokan Block from Chevron Pacific Indonesia to PT. Pertamina; and to analyze the the Implementation of the transfer of technology with the handover of the Rokan Block from Chevron Pacific Indonesia to Pertamina. The research methodology used in this study is normative one where all legal materials and the published documents are thoroughly analysed. The results of the study show that the handover of Rokan Block from Chevron Pacific Indonesia to Pertamina Company was running well according to law applicable eventhough the regional government in Riau was angry to the central government due to the ignorance of the interests of the local communities. Besides, more than fifty years the operation of Rokan Block by Chevron Pacific Indonesia the transfer of technology remained in theory and cannot be implemented at all. The failure is due to the absence of strict law in Indonesia.
Tarian Hai Ngae Tarian Syukur Kepada Tuhan Atas Hasil Panen(Pulau Semau)
Authors: Makaudis Nindi A N
Published: December 2022

Tarian tradisional adalah tarian yang tumbuh dikalangan rakyat,ragam tarian rakyat tumbuh menurut letak geografisnya seperti daerah pegunungan dan pesisir pantai,hal ini dapat membedakan bentuk dan dinamika tariannya.Salah satunya adalah Tarian Hai Ngae, Tarian ini menggambarkan kekuatan orang Timor, yang tetap kuat saat masa kelaparan dan penantian hasil panen. Tarian ini merupakan pengembangan dari Tari Li Ngae atau injak jagung. Pada prosesi Hai Ngae, masyarakat memisahkan bulir jagung dari tongkolnya atau pangkalnya dengan menggunakan lsung atau lesung. Tarian tersebut terbagi dalam tiga prosesi yakni prosesi penantian, panen dan ucapan syukur. Pada semua proses masyarakat akan berdoa dalam bahasa Helong dengan mengatakan, “Nodan Mamo Se Amalamtua” yang berarti “Puji Syukur Kepada Tuhan”.
Moko
Authors: Adang Loni Yoshinta Pauline
Published: December 2022

Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang kaya akan keragaman budaya. Hal ini terlihat dari keragaman budaya lokal di tiap-tiap daerah, contoh keragaman budaya di tiap daerah itu dapat dilihat dari keragaman suku, bahasa daerah, kesenian, alat musik tradisional, pakaian tradisional upacara-upacara/ritual adat, benda-benda adat dan sebagainya. Salah satu daerah yang memiliki benda adat adalah Alor. Alor memiliki sebuah benda adat yang dikenal dengan moko. Moko merupakan benda pusaka yang dimiliki setiap keluarga asli Kabupaten Alor. moko adalah hasil budaya prasejarah di Indonesia, merupakan suatu tipe lokal dari nekara perunggu di Indonesia. Moko memiliki banyak fungsi yaitu sebagai mas kawin, sebagai alat ritual adat, sebagai pengiring tarian dan nyanyian, dan sebagai alat ganti rugi. Moko sebagai mas kawin dikenal oleh orang NTT dengan sebutan belis. Belis adalah adalah mahar atau mas kawin.
Investigating Reading Comprehension Questions and Student-Generated Questions in Language Lessons in terms of Level
Authors: Işır Eda , Uyar Yusuf
Published: December 2022

Reading comprehension questions scaffold deeper comprehension, help students to analyze texts, improve students’ thinking skills, and help them realize permanent and meaningful learning. By comparing reading comprehension questions used in Turkish lessons with student-generated comprehension questions in terms of level, this study aimed to determine question resources’ capacity to affect students’ questions. Using a multiple-case study research method, this study examined Turkish textbooks’ reading comprehension questions, teachers’ questions generated during lessons and teachers’ questions produced for the text provided, and student-generated questions. Data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, Teacher In-Term Question Collection Form, Teacher Questions Collection Form, and Student Question Collection Form. In addition, textbooks were used as another data source. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results revealed that the textbook questions were mainly of a low level require remembering and understanding information. Similar results were obtained for those teachers’ questions. However, it was determined that the teachers’ questions produced based on the texts were at a higher level than those produced during the lessons. Comparatively, it was also revealed that the rate of low-level questions produced by students was higher than those in textbooks and teacher questions. Furthermore, high-level critical questions were found to be limited in all resources. When students’ questions and questions produced by other resources were compared, the closest relationship was found between the students’ questions and questions produced by teachers during lessons.
Measuring Sport-School Conflict and Enrichment: Theoretical Considerations and New Measures
Authors: Lefebvre du Grosriez Solène , Isoard-Gautheur Sandrine , CÉCÉ Valérian , Martinent Guillaume , Sarrazin Philippe
Published: December 2022

Student-athletes face unique challenges due to the demands of both academic and athletic contexts, which can put them at risk of mental health impairments. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on the specific impact of dual career factors on their mental health primarily due to the absence of measurement tools designed to examine the interactions between their student and athlete roles. To address this gap, this study aimed to develop the Sport-School Interactions Scale in a long (SSIS-LF) and a short form (SSIS-SF) based on existing work-family and school-family conflict and enrichment scales (Carlson et al., 2000; Carlson et al., 2006; van Rhijn et al., 2018). The factorial structure, discriminant validity, and reliability were examined and provided acceptable evidence in Study 1 (n = 371, CFA goodness of fit: χ² (528) = 1222.41, p < .001, CFI = .92, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .06; McDonald’s omega coefficients ranged from .80 to .93) and Study 2 (n = 367, CFA goodness of fit: χ² (47) = 126.27, p < .001, CFI = .93, SRMR = .06, RMSEA = .07; McDonald’s omega coefficients ranged from .63 to .76). Furthermore, concurrent validity was established through significant relationships between sport-school interactions and role-specific perceived stress and satisfaction, as well as global well-being.
Umekbubu atau Rumah Bulat TTS
Authors: Bonlai Didemus
Published: December 2022

Masyarakat Timor tengah selatan Merupakan masyarakat yg berbahasa dawan atau bahasa daerah pada umumnya mereka memiliki umekbubu yg di pakai untuk menyimpan banyak makanan seperti jagung. Padi. Dan kacang kacangan.
Musik Gong dan Penyajian dalam Tarian Lendorandang Kebudayaan Masyarakat Wangka Kec.Riung, Kab. Ngada
Authors: Lada Amice
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan struktur musik Gong dan Penyajian dalam Lendorandang kabudayaan masyarakat Wangka Kec. Riung, Kab. Ngada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur musik Gong Gendang memiliki partitur dan pola ritmenya yang jelas sehingga dalam pola ritme musik Gong Gendang dalam menekankan pada pengulangan bunyi dan bentuk penyajian musik gong Gendang dalam mengiringi tarin Lendorandang adalah ansambel yang terdiri wujud musk, tempat pertunjukan, waktu pertunjukan, jumlah penari, dan formasi dari penari.
The Master
Authors: Vuong Thu-Trang
Published: December 2022

Translation of the Vietnamese poem “Ong Do”, written by Vu Dinh Lien (1913-1996), published in 1936.
UME KBUBU
Authors: Aploegi Esti Dalen
Published: December 2022

Ume Kbubu merupakan suatu konstruksi bangunan yang berbentuk bulat
Spoof detection using Elegant Pairing method on Stockwell Transform in Face Biometric System
Authors: H Vinutha , G Thippeswamy
Published: December 2022

Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) systems with respect to different biometric modalities has becomevital for any Biometric recognition system. Face recognition systems or face biometric authentication is used predominantly in various applications like logical access control, e-commerce, surveillance etc. Although face biometric systems are flexible to use yet they are prone to different type of 2D and 3D presentation attacks using printed, cut, warped photos, video replay and mask attacks. Our work proposes a novel feature extraction mechanism based on Stockwell Transform and an Elegant Pairing method using Szudzik index, to represent the complex feature vector of Stockwell Transform to detect 2D face presentation attacks. The experiments were conducted on the benchmark NUAA Photograph Impostor dataset and have compared our results with the other available methods proposed on NUAA dataset. Our framework achieve and accuracy of 91.1% and HTER of 7.4 % which is in par with the state-of –the –art methods that are available.
Brain Structure Correlates of Social Information Use: an Exploratory Machine Learning Approach
Authors: de Groot Esra Cemre Su , Hofmans Lieke , van den Bos Wouter
Published: December 2022

Individual differences in social learning impact many important decisions, from voting behavior to polarization. Prior research has found that there are consistent and stable individual differences in social information use. However, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences are still poorly understood. We used two complementary exploratory machine learning approaches to identify brain volumes related to individual differences in social information use. Using lasso regression and random forest regression we were able to capture linear and non-linear brain-behavior relationships. Consistent with previous studies, our results suggest there is a robust positive relationship between the volume of the left pars triangularis and social information use. Moreover, our results largely overlap with common social brain network regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, temporal parietal junction, and anterior cingulate cortex. Besides, our analyses also revealed several novel regions related to individual differences in social information use, such as the postcentral gyrus, the left caudal middle frontal gyrus, the left pallidum, and the entorhinal cortex. Together, these results provide novel insights into the neural mechanisms that underly individual differences in social learning and provide important new leads for future research.
Leisure participation of autistic adults: An ecological momentary assessment feasibility study
Authors: Song Wei , Zheng Linda , Ticha Renata , Abery Brian , Nguyen-Feng Viann N
Published: December 2022

Autistic adults participate less and express lower satisfaction in leisure activities than nonautistic adults, although literature is limited. The multifaceted nature of leisure participation makes it challenging to measure, with most measures being retrospective. Ecological momentary assessments (EMA) can reduce recall bias. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of EMA among autistic adults. Participants (N = 40) were recruited via email and online. After completing a baseline interview, participants were asked to complete a once-daily survey for 30 days, in which they received survey links through a text messaging smartphone app. Surveys asked participants to report whether they participated in any leisure activities during the day, their level of enjoyment, with whom they interacted, and where they participated. The EMA appeared feasible in this sample, as participants completed the daily survey on average 27.05 (SD = 3.92) days. Regarding acceptability, most agreed that survey timing was convenient, that it was easy to enter responses and answer questions daily, and that they had enough response time. Overall, this study supports the use of EMA methodology among autistic adults. Future research should follow and improve upon these EMA data collection practices to examine daily behavior and wellbeing among autistic adults.
Inductive reasoning in minds and machines
Authors: Bhatia Sudeep
Published: December 2022

Induction --the ability to generalize from existing knowledge-- is the cornerstone of intelligence. Large language models have been shown to be capable of certain types of reasoning, however, they are limited in their ability to mimic human induction. In this paper, we combine representations obtained from large language models with theories of human inductive reasoning developed by cognitive psychologists. Our approach can capture several benchmark empirical findings on human induction, and generate human-like responses to natural language arguments with thousands of common concepts and properties. These findings shed light on the cognitive mechanisms at play in human induction, and show how existing theories in psychology and cognitive science can be integrated with leading methods in artificial intelligence, to successfully model high-level cognition.
AI Psychometrics: Assessing the psychological profiles of large language models through psychometric inventories
Authors: Pellert Max , Lechner Clemens M. , Wagner Claudia , Rammstedt Beatrice , Strohmaier Markus
Published: December 2022

We illustrate how standard psychometric inventories originally designed for assessing non-cognitive human traits can be repurposed as diagnostic tools to evaluate analogous traits in large language models (LLMs). We start from the assumption that LLMs, inadvertently yet inevitably, acquire psychological traits (metaphorically speaking) from the vast text corpora on which they are trained. Such corpora contain sediments of the personalities, values, beliefs and biases of the countless human authors of these texts, which LLMs learn through a complex training process. The traits that LLMs acquire in such a way can potentially influence their behavior, i.e., their outputs in downstream tasks and applications in which they are employed, which in turn may have real-world consequences for individuals and social groups. By eliciting LLMs’ responses to language-based psychometric inventories we can bring their traits to light. Psychometric profiling enables researchers to study and compare LLMs in terms of non-cognitive characteristics thereby providing a window into the personalities, values, beliefs and biases these models exhibit (or mimic). We discuss the history of similar ideas and outline possible psychometric approaches for LLMs. We demonstrate one promising approach, zero-shot classification, for several LLMs and psychometric inventories. We conclude by highlighting open challenges and future avenues of research for AI Psychometrics.
Enhanced neural sensitivity to brief changes of happy over angry facial expressions in preschoolers: A fast periodic visual stimulation study
Authors: Naumann Sandra , Bayer Mareike , Dziobek Isabel
Published: December 2022

Across childhood, emotion perception from facial expressions has traditionally been studied with event-related potentials (ERP). Here, we explored the novel fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) EEG approach to provide information about how brief changes in facial expressions are processed implicitly in young children’s brains. Employing two FPVS tasks for the first time in preschoolers, we examined brain responses to (1) the discrimination of brief changes in facial expressions at maximum intensity and (2) thresholds for discrimination of gradual increasing facial expression intensities. Within a stream of neutral faces at 6 Hz, happy and angry faces were embedded with a frequency of 1.2 Hz. Additionally, children performed an emotion recognition task (ERT). Data was collected in the context of a training study for socio-emotional competencies with typically developing children (N = 74; 5.1(0.9) years; 34 females). FPVS data was collected post-training, where training was included as a controlling factor. Across FPVS tasks, we detected robust expression change responses, particularly with larger responses for happy vs. angry faces in the maximum-intensity task. ERT results paralleled neuronal findings with faster reaction times and higher accuracy rates for happy vs. angry faces. For gradual increases of emotional intensity, we found linear increases in responses across emotions. The majority of the sample showed a significant expression change at 60 % intensity. With its implicit nature, short duration and robustness of individual responses, our results highlight the potential of FPVS in comparison to classical ERP methods to study neuronal mechanisms of emotion perception in preschool samples.
Aktivitas Harian Siamang (Hylobates Syndactylus) Dalam Konservasi Ex-Situ Di Taman Margasatwa Dan Budaya Kinantan Bukittinggi Sumatera Barat
Authors: Ananta Adelia Hayati , Yoza Defri , Darlis Viny Volcerina
Published: December 2022

Gibbons is an endangered species. One of the efforts to prevent the extinction of the gibbons is the ex-situ’s conservation for example zoo. The purpose of this research to determine the daily behavior and the duration of activity of gibbons in habitat at ex-situ in Kinantan Zoo Bukittinggi and to know the difference of frequency daily activities of gibbons. The research was conducted in the month of October-December 2019. The object of this research are six gibbons. The research method was descriptive statistics. The type of this research is observation. Based on the research result, the daily behavior of gibbons at Kinantan Zoo Bukittinggi consists of: the behavior of moving, the behavior of voiced, the behavior of eating, the behavior of social, the behavior of rest, and other behavior (urinate). Total of activity time gibbons obtained during 30 days of observation is 18.319 minutes. The highest behavior shown in the behavior of the resting (12.920 minutes or 70,52%  of total daily activity gibbons). The frequency of daily behavior with a long observation period of 10 hours until 10 hours 30 minutes every day.
Evaluasi Keberhasilan Pertumbuhan Vegetasi dalam Upaya Konservasi di Kawasan Wisata Tanjung Bastian Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Hanoe Emanuel M. Y.
Published: December 2022

Resources management nature becoming point to important especially in maintaining benefits, continuity and sustainable natural source.Natural resource potential available with proper management would be of avail for human life.Natural resource potential can be attraction the community and can be used as tourist destinations. The area of tanjung bastian is one of the area who was in District North Central Timor are identical to the beach and also the racetrack and natural scenery.  The effort to maintain the condition ecology in tanjung bastian related in such as planting tourism areas with the aim of land conservation as vegetation regeneration.    A condition of vegetation survival in a stable and being able to compete with the physical condition of extreme environmental and climate condition, it is necessary to evaluate the extent to which the level of success of tree growth and the factors that influence it.  Based on the results of observation plants who succeeded life 53 a plant consisting of 6 species with the numbers of life most there are to a species Delonix regia as many as 15 plants and the least species is Senna siamea with 3 plants. The classification of the assessment criteria vegetation that the level of success of success in the vetegasi tanjung bastian included in a category in quite poor repair the % 57,3.
Vegetation Analysis and Carbon Stock Estimation of Mangrove Island on Mangrove Ecotourism in Gebang Village, Lampung
Authors: Octaviani Eti Artiningsih
Published: December 2022

Mangrove forests have an important role in reducing the effects of global warming. This study aims to analyze vegetation and estimate carbon stock in mangrove stands in the Mangrove Island of Petengoran Mangrove Ecotourism Area, Gebang Village, Lampung. The forest vegetation analysis method used is the plotted path method. Paths and plots were taken systematically with tree observation plots made measuring 20 m x 20 m. Carbon estimation was carried out by non-destructive sampling method using the allometric formula for Rhizophora apiculata log BBA= -1.315 + 2.614 log D. The results showed that the mangrove island zone was dominated by Rhizophora apiculata vegetation with a density of 325 ind/Ha. The research location has a silty clay loam soil texture with a temperature range of 25°C-32°C which is very suitable for the vegetation of R. apiculata. The estimated carbon stored in the vegetation was obtained from 46% of the standing biomass of R. apiculata, which was 86,283 tons C/Ha.KEYWORDSBiomass, Carbon, Mangroves, Petengoran, Vegetation
Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kebakaran Hutan Dan Lahan Di Provinsi Riau; Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Authors: Sari Dede Komala , Qomar Nurul , Mardhiansyah Muhammad
Published: December 2022

Rokan Hilir Regency was the area with the highest number of hotspots in the last nine years in Riau Province. Combating forest and land fires in areas that require effective policies. The purpose of this study was to study forest and land fire prevention policies in Riau Province, especially in Rokan Hilir Regency. The research sample used qualitative research, the informants were selected by snowball sampling. Primary data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations and document studies. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Research Results Shows Research Regarding the Determination of Forest and Natural Forest Disaster, Riau Provincial Regulation No. 1 of 2019 concerning Technical Guidelines for Combating Forest and Land Fires was only adopted on August 15, 2019. For in Rokan Hilir District there was no Regional Regulation governing the destruction of forests and land. However, the Government of Rokan Hilir Regency issued Rokan Hilir Regent's Regulation No. 41 of 2017 concerning the Implementing Unit of Rokan Hilir District Forest and Land Fire Control, in this Regent Regulation, asking for approval, while in Riau Province Regional Regulation No. 1  of 2019 does not provide a deterrent effect for forest and land burners.
Shorea robusta Bark Extract as a Novel Green Inhibitor for Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 Solution
Authors: Bajgai Ajay Kumar , Karki Rajaram , Thapa Magar Jamuna , Homagai Puspa Lal
Published: December 2022

Extract of Shorea robusta bark as a novel green inhibitor for mild steel (MS) corrosion has been investigated. Qualitative chemical tests, UV, and FTIR measurements were carried out to confirm phytochemicals in the extract. Gravimetric as well as electrochemical methods were employed to examine the inhibition efficiency of the extract. Effects of inhibitor concentration, immersion time as well as working temperature were investigated by weight loss measurement method. Weight loss measurement reveals the maximum inhibition efficiency of 1000 ppm inhibitor for half an hour immersion time. Also, 1000 ppm inhibitor can work up to a temperature of 55°C with 50% efficiency. Electrochemical measurements reflected the mixed type of inhibition behavior of the inhibitor. Polarization measurement results, the 93.73% and 75%, respectively for as-immersed and immersed samples in1000 ppm inhibitor concentration. Based on these findings, it is revealed that the Shorea robusta bark extract could be used as low temperature inhibitor.
Temperature Dependent Synthesis of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) Nanoparticles and Its Characterization
Authors: Sharma Prabha , Dhungana Sujan , Rai Rajan , Khadka Devendra , Hitan Dipak Kumar , Pokhrel Megh Raj , Gautam Surendra Kumar , Poudel Bhoj Raj
Published: December 2022

Zinc sulphide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) were successfully synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method at 20°C and 40°C using zinc chloride (ZnCl2 ) and sodium sulphide (Na2S) as precursors. Ascorbic acid was used as a capping agent. The synthesized ZnS NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. UV-visible spectra showed that the bandgap of synthesized NPs was 3.8-3.9 eV at two different temperatures. XRD analysis showed the particles were present in the cubic phase with a zinc blend structure. FTIR spectra were used in the confirmation of the chemical species of the synthesized NPs. The average particle size calculated by using Debye-Scherrer’s equation at 20°C and 40°C was found to be 5.01 and 3.1 nm which indicates that the particle size was temperature-dependent.
Association between Serum Uric Acid and Blood Glucose Level in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients
Authors: Pandey Rachana , Humagain Sanjaya , Risal Prabodh , Yadav Rahul Kumar , Pokhrel Buddhi Raj
Published: December 2022

Uric acid increases insulin resistance; likewise, hyperinsulinemia increases uric acid concentration, and both are global health problems. This study is conducted to find the association between serum uric acid and blood glucose level. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine at Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal, for a duration of six months (September 2021 - February 2022). A total of 130 diabetic patients who consented were compared with 130 non-diabetics by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee-Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Venous blood was collected and fasting blood glucose, post-prandial blood glucose, and serum uric acid were measured. Data were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social version 16.0. Analytical data were compared using Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation was performed to correlate numerical parameters. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided p-value of less than 0.05. The median of serum uric acid level was significantly higher in diabetics than non-diabetics; the level of fasting and post-prandial blood glucose positively correlated with serum uric acid (p<0.05). Hyperuricemia was more in diabetics than non-diabetics (p<0.05). Serum uric acid level increased with the increase in age and duration of diabetes.
Knowledge and Practice Regarding Household Waste Management among Middle Aged Adult People of Banepa Municipality
Authors: Lakhe Dibyashwori , Manandhar Sajita
Published: December 2022

Globally, 2.6 billion people of the world population do not use proper method for waste disposal. Some 1.1 billion people still disposed of waste in the open places thus face many health related problems. According to the Central Bureau of Statistics, Currently, around 450 metric tons of solid waste is generated in Kathmandu every day. The objective of this study was to assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Household Waste Management Among Middle Aged Adult People in Banepa Municipality. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 60 adults using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using pretested (r=0.85) face-to-face interview schedule with structured and semi structured Nepali version questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS version 16th by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statics such as chi square test. The study shows, mean age of respondents was 48.36±4.747 years. The overall mean knowledge score was 39.5±9.62 which ranged from 19 to 58. The overall mean practice score was 17.41±2.1 which ranged from 13 to 20. The study was significant on the basis of training taken (p=0.016). The findings of this study showed that majority of the respondents had low level of knowledge but good level of practices. Therefore, based on the finding of the study, the household waste management can be improved by providing various awareness programs to the family members of the community so that various kind of disease can be prevented.
The Impact of Overweight and Obesity in Early Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Giri Amrita , Joshi Anshumala , Upreti Manita
Published: December 2022

The recent increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity in pregnancy has become a major public health problem as it is associated with increased risk of obstetric and neonatal complications. A hospital based observational comparative study was done on women attending obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu from September 2021 to January 2022 after taking ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee. A total of 113 overweight/obese women in first trimester of singleton pregnancies and similar number of women with normal BMI were recruited for the study and followed throughout pregnancy for the development of maternal complications like gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellites, antepartum hemorrhage, preterm labor and postpartum hemorrhage. The neonatal outcome compared were birth weight, low Apgar score at birth and NICU admission. Maternal overweight/obesity as compared to normal BMI was associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes mellites (RR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.52; P value = 0.006), gestational hypertension (RR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.09 to 4.43; P value = 0.02) and caesarean delivery (RR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.55; P value = 0.004). The risk of primary postpartum hemorrhage was also increased in overweight/ obese women than in normal weight women (RR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.04 to 7.51; P value=0.03). In neonatal outcomes, the mean birth weight (3.18 + 0.54 kg vs 2.9 + 0.33kg, P value < 0.001) and admission to NICU (28.3% vs 10.61%, P value = 0.008) were significantly higher in overweight/ obese women. Maternal overweight/obesity in early pregnancy is associated with higher risk of adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcome.
Perception of Pathology Online Classes for MBBS (Pre-Clinical Students): A Covid Generated Evolution
Authors: Pande Kricha , Joshi Sammi
Published: December 2022

The unexpected COVID-19 crisis has disrupted medical education and patient care in unprecedented ways. As the pandemic occurred unexpectedly, University and its affiliated colleges, their faculty members had to hurriedly switch to online courses without reflecting on how to transform the curriculum to align well with the online learning platform. As Nepal Medical College, Teaching Hospital (NMCTH) had also embraced e-learning as teaching learning tools in undergraduate students, this study tried to focus on the participation and satisfaction rate of students regarding the same. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at NMCTH. MBBS second year students (Pre-clinical years) were given a validated, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire to fill in. The following categories were looked for: 1) participation in the online classes and 2) level of satisfaction of online class in Pathology subject. The questionnaire consist a total of 14 questions and answers were given in the form of yes/ no or option wise. Out of total of 98 students, 95 students responded. Most of MBBS second year students (69%) felt that online classes were not as effective as physical classes and were also not satisfied with this method of teaching. Most of the students (88%) felt that they paid more attention in physical classes than online classes. However, they didn’t find any differences between the physical or online examinations. Mobile phones were the most used device and Microsoft teams was the preferred platform. Despite the interference of learning due to network problem, the audio and video quality was satisfactory. The participation in online classes was good. The advantages were that there was no disturbance from fellow class mates during online class as stated by 68% of participants. There was room for open discussions and interaction with teacher (60%) just as in case of physical lectures. The major disadvantage was that most of the students were not satisfied with this method of learning and they find it ineffective compared to physical classes. Thus from this study, we can conclude that students prefer physical classes and online classes cannot replace the physical classes. However, with the implementation of online classes, we can ensure that it has overcome the vent created by Covid-19 pandemic.
Digital Eye strain among Undergraduate Medical students of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karmacharya Srijana , Singh Pranisha , Rizyal Aparna , Shrestha Rajesh Kishore
Published: December 2022

During Covid-19 Pandemic, there was declaration of lockdown which led to increased usage of digital devices due to starting of online classes. Increased duration of digital device usage predisposed students to Digital eye strain (DES). This study aimed at estimation of the prevalence of DES among medical students of Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital during Covid pandemic. It also analyzed the pattern of digital device usage, risk factors for DES, awareness and practice of preventive measures taken by students during online classes. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey which included one hundred and sixteen undergraduate medical students. The mean age of the students was 22±1.30 years. Sixty-two students (53.4%) were male and fifty-four (46.6%) were female. There was a significant increase in the duration of digital device usage during Covid -period as compared to pre-Covid period (P=<0.001). The prevalence of the DES was 68.1% of which 60.34% had mild DES and 7.76% had moderate DES. The most common ocular symptoms were burning sensation (69.8%) followed by eyesight worsening (60.3%) and eyepain (56%). This study didn’t find significant association between DES and its risk factors like duration of digital device usage, distance from screen, posture, frequency of break and level of screen during online classes. Preventive measures like uses of lubricating eyedrop and use of anti-reflective coated glasses/ blue ray cut glasses were significantly associated with less frequency of DES (P=0.03,0.01 respectively). DES is an emerging eye health problem due to increase screentime exposure, so limitation of screentime and practice of 20-20-20 rule is recommended to reduce DES related symptoms.
New modified Inverted Weibull Distribution: Properties and Applications to COVID-19 Dataset of Nepal
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Sapkota Laxmi Prasad
Published: December 2022

We have developed a four parameters new modified inverted Weibull distribution and we named it exponentiated exponential inverted Weibull distribution. Linear representation of probability density function, reliability function, hazard function, moments about the origin and its generating function, mean residual life function, order statistics, two entropies namely Renyi and q-Entropy, and mean deviation for the proposed distribution are presented. For the parameter estimation the maximum likelihood, least-square, and Cramer-Von-Mises estimation methods are used. The application of the proposed distribution is analyzed using the deaths case of the COVID-19 dataset of Nepal from 1st April to 14th May 2021.
Expressly disallowed expenses for deduction under the income tax acts in Nepal, India and United Kingdom
Authors: K.C. Jit Bahadur
Published: December 2022

This paper aims to analyse the provisions of expressly disallowed expenses for deduction while computing the taxable income under the income tax acts. The study uses a qualitative approach of doctrinal legal research to explain the state of affairs of past and present provisions. Consequently, it employs the primary and secondary sources of data and information from the enacted income tax Acts, Rules, journals, reports, bulletins, precedence, books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, indexes, etc. The study found the expenses that are expressly disallowed for deduction are explicit provisions in the ITA, 2002 followed by the ITA, 1974 however, the former two Acts (i.e., ITA 1960 and ITA 1962) lack the provisions of such non-deductible expenses. The result showed the latter two Acts (i.e., ITA 1974 and ITA 2002) were found adequate in the context of Nepal and they are comparatively equal to the Indian and the UK's income tax acts. It is usual today but there are some places for improvement in this subject considering the society, culture, economy and political system in Nepal. The paper provides an explicit result of the disallowed expenses of the personal, domestic and capital nature those which are not related to earning or receiving the income. Thus, the study furnishes new knowledge in the literature on income tax in Nepal.
Lindley Generalized Inverted Exponential Distribution: Model and Applications
Authors: Telee Lal Babu Sah , Kumar Vijay
Published: December 2022

In this article, we have proposed three parameters distribution using lindley family of distribution and Generalized inverted Exponential distribution called Lindley Generalized Inverted Exponential Distribution: Model and Applications(LGIE). The statistical properties as well as different characteristics like the hazard rate function (HRF), the probability density function (PDF), the cumulative distribution function (CDF), quantile function , skewness, and kurtosis of the proposed distribution are discussed. The parameters of the proposed distribution are estimated by using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), least-square estimation (LSE) and Cramer-Von-Mises (CVM) methods. All the computations are performed in R programming software. To assess the application of the proposed distribution, a real lifetime data set is analyzed and performed the goodness-of-fit.
Knowledge Dissemination in Telecom Industry: A Case of Nepal
Authors: Kandel Laxman Raj
Published: December 2022

This study attempts to evaluate knowledge dissemination in the Nepalese telecom industry. It is based on cross section analysis of 85 observations for analyzing relationship between knowledge dissemination statuses in Nepalese telecom industry. The study is based on Kohli et al. (1993) and Daroch (2003) methodologies. Survey instruments are organized into one part and four factors. Spearman Rank Correlation, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Cronbach's alpha etc. is used for data analysis. The valid response rate of 70.7 % is found. Among the factors that designed for knowledge dissemination and combination has less mean score and socialization has higher mean score than the other factors. In case of socialization, Nepalese Telecom industry analyzes the social contribution of their products or services. Employees of Nepal Telecom has rated higher mean value in knowledge dissemination practices, which means Nepal Telecom appeared better in knowledge dissemination practices than Ncell. There is a significant difference between Nepal Telecom and Ncell in term of knowledge dissemination. Nepal Telecom has better KD (Knowledge Dissemination) practices. The correlation matrix is created to determine the extent to which the components or research variables are related.
Theme of Resistance in Rohinton Mistry’s A Fine Balance
Authors: Koirala Pashupati Raj
Published: December 2022

This research attempts to focus on the growing acts of resistance from the part of subalterns in A Fine Balance. Here, by criticizing the atrocities and perpetration of so-called upper class people and authorities over subalterns and showing the subaltern resistance, the writers try to show the growing subaltern consciousness in India. The marginalized characters undergo trial and tribulation in the novel. In the novel, Avinash is brutally murdered, Maneck commits suicide, Ishvar and Om are forced to undergo sterilization which leaves them deformed and destitute. Similarly, Dina loses her much needed independence and self respect and the society presented by Mistry is not an idealized one. Superstition, violence and gender inequalities are rampant. It is also the site of the repetition of caste-based brutality. The lower castes are beaten, tortured and killed for trivial reasons. By showing his characters in the position of resisting the brutalities and atrocities of upper class people and authorities, this research work argues that Mistry attempts to focus on the growing consciousness and resistance among subalterns in post-independent and Post Revolution Indian society, where subalterns want nothing but equality, justice, freedom, coexistence, and of course, communal harmony.
Gender Representation in Nepali Commercials
Authors: Paneru Pragya
Published: December 2022

This paper explores gender representation in visual media, especially in commercials broadcasted through various Nepali visual media. A content analysis of twenty-one commercials was done underpinning gender and feminist perspectives to explore gender representation in them. The advertisement samples were selected among some popular brands and the products of everyday use. The findings suggested reinforcement of traditional gender roles and reproduction of gender hierarchies by depicting men and women in traditionally specified roles, appearances, and concepts. Cooking, washing, and childcare were regarded as female jobs. More men were depicted in occupational roles and females were projected in relational roles. This research is based on the claim that biased gender representations in media sustain gender bias attitudes on viewers thus a careful selection of gender-neutral or counter-stereotypical content should be promoted.
Association between Decent Work and Employee Motivation: The Case of Industrial Estates in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Prakash
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research is to assess an association between decent work and employee motivation in the context of industrial estates of Nepal. In order to ascertain the association between them, this study takes into account six different types of employee motivation and seven criteria for decent work. The study employs a five-point Likert scale questionnaire using a survey research technique to examine the association between decent work and employee motivation. 450 people from the three industrial estates who work for diverse organizations make up the sample (including 30 companies and 15 workers in each). They were given a standardized questionnaire, and only 379 (84.22%) valid responses were received, which were then included in the study. The results embraced the idea that decent work has a significant association with employee motivation at the workplace. In fact, employee motivation generally appears to be enhanced by all dimensions of decent work, with favorable associations between identified and intrinsic work motivation and negatively associated with amotivation. In conclusion, decent work allows workers to balance work and personal life, develop personally and professionally, etc. It improves both work and life quality and also plays a significant role in organizational performance by increasing employee motivation. Therefore, in order to increase employee motivation and ultimately increase organizational performance and the long-term sustainability of today's organizations, they must create effective working environments and promote the concept of decent work in their workplaces.