bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metalloporphyrin-Based Fluorescent Sensor for the Discrimination of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Density Functional Theory
Authors: Gu Haiyang , Sun Chen , Wang Rong , Zhu Shuangjie , Dong Yining , Lv Riqin , Huang Xingyi , Sun Yanhui , Chen Quansheng
Published: June 2022

This spectral property of the fluorescent sensors were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The considered silver porphyrin (AgP) was selected as a representative dye for the theoretical study of the fluorescent sensors.
The molecular structures of AgP and its complexes were optimized at B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set. The calculated geometry structures, front-line molecular orbitals, absorption spectra, and electronic structures were analyzed to reveal the molecular reaction between AgP-based fluorescent sensors
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The energy gaps indicated that the efficient orders of AgP-based fluorescent sensor reacted with volatile organic compounds were shown as O2 < N2 < propane (L3) < propaldehyde (L5) < H2S < propanol (L2) < trimethylamine (L1) < ethyl
acetate (L6) < butanone (L4). The calculated results all reveal that the AgP-based fluorescent sensor possesses significant changes (i.e., molecular structure, frontline molecular orbital, and absorption spectra) before and after reacting with volatile organic compounds, which are closely
related to the selectivity and sensitivity property of AgP-based fluorescent sensor. Therefore, this study may be useful for the AgP-based fluorescent sensor in a special application region.
Study on the Change in Freezing Depth in Heilongjiang Province and Its Response to Winter Half-Year Temperature
Authors: Meng Fanxiang , Wang Zongliang , Fu Qiang , Li Tianxiao , Yang Xu , Zheng Ennan , Zhang Ge , Zhuang Qing , Fu Qiyang , Zhang Yuan
Published: June 2022

The evolution of the average freezing depth and maximum freezing depth of seasonal frozen soil and their correlations with the average winter half-year temperature in Heilongjiang Province in China are analyzed. Linear regression, the Mann–Kendall test, and kriging interpolation are applied to freezing depth data from 20 observation stations in Heilongjiang Province from 1972 to 2016 and daily average temperature data from 34 national meteorological stations collected in the winters of 1972–2020. The results show that the average freezing depth decreases at a rate of 4.8 cm (10 yr)−1 and that the maximum freezing depth decreases at a rate of 10.1 cm (10 yr)−1. The winter half-year average temperature generally shows a fluctuating upward trend in Heilongjiang Province, increasing at a rate of 0.3°C (10 yr)−1. The correlations between the average and maximum freezing depths and the winter half-year average temperature are −0.53 and −0.49, respectively. For every 1°C increase in the average temperature during the winter half of the year, the average freezing depth decreases by 3.85 cm and the maximum freezing depth decreases by 7.84 cm. The average freezing depth sequence mutated in 1987, and the maximum freezing depth sequence mutated in 1988. The average temperature in the winter half-year displayed multiple abrupt changes from 1972 to 2020. The spatial variations in the average and maximum freezing depths are basically consistent with those in the average winter half-year temperature. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and site selection of hydraulic structures in cold areas and for regional development and agricultural planning.

Significance Statement

The freeze–thaw balance in the frozen soil environment has been disrupted in recent years, and various degrees of degradation have occurred in the frozen soil. The degradation of frozen soil will further aggravate the greenhouse effect, which in turn will affect the accumulation of water in the soil and will have a significant impact on local agricultural production. This article uses Heilongjiang Province in China as an example. The results show that 1) the temperature in the winter half-year has exhibited an upward trend in recent years, 2) the temperature in the winter half-year has a considerable impact on the frozen soil environment, and 3) the response of the spatial distribution of frozen soil to temperature changes in the winter half-year is revealed.
The Influence of Shear on Deep Convection Initiation. Part II: Simulations
Authors: Peters John M. , Morrison Hugh , Nelson T. Connor , Marquis James N. , Mulholland Jake P. , Nowotarski Christopher J.
Published: June 2022

This study evaluates a hypothesis for the role of vertical wind shear in deep convection initiation (DCI) that was introduced in Part I by examining behavior of a series of numerical simulations. The hypothesis states, “Initial moist updrafts that exceed a width and shear threshold will ‘root’ within a progressively deeper steering current with time, increase their low-level cloud-relative flow and inflow, widen, and subsequently reduce their susceptibility to entrainment-driven dilution, evolving toward a quasi-steady self-sustaining state.” A theoretical model that embodied key elements of the hypothesis was developed in Part I, and the behavior of this model was explored within a multidimensional environmental parameter space. Remarkably similar behavior is evident in the simulations studied here to that of the theoretical model, both in terms of the temporal evolution of DCI and in the sensitivity of DCI to environmental parameters. Notably, both the simulations and theoretical model experience a bifurcation in outcomes, whereby nascent clouds that are narrower than a given initial radius R0 threshold quickly decay and those above the R0 threshold undergo DCI. An important assumption in the theoretical model, which states that the cloud-relative flow of the background environment VCR determines cloud radius R, is scrutinized in the simulations. It is shown that storm-induced inflow is small relative to VCR beyond a few kilometers from the updraft edge, and VCR therefore plays a predominant role in transporting conditionally unstable air to the updraft. Thus, the critical role of VCR in determining R is validated.
Summarizing Relationships among Landfalling Atmospheric Rivers, Integrated Water Vapor Transport, and California Watershed Precipitation 1982–2019
Authors: Ricciotti Joseph A. , Cordeira Jason M.
Published: June 2022

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are defined as corridors of enhanced integrated water vapor transport (IVT) and produce large fractions of annual precipitation in regions with complex terrain along the western coastlines of midlatitude continents (e.g., 30%–50% along the U.S. West Coast in California). This study investigates this relationship among landfalling ARs, IVT, and watershed mean areal precipitation (MAP) for a 38-yr period over California. On average, the daily average IVT magnitude at different coastal locations explains ∼34% of the variance in annual watershed MAP across 140 Hydrologic Unit Code 8 (HUC-8) watersheds with large spatial variability across California. Further investigation of the IVT magnitude and direction at coastal locations illustrated that accounting for water vapor transport direction increases the explained variance in annual MAP to an average of 45%, with highest values (∼65%) occurring in watersheds over Northern and coastal California. Similar investigation of the lower-tropospheric water vapor flux vector at 850 and 925 hPa revealed further increases in the explained variance in annual MAP to an average of >50%. The results of this study 1) emphasize the importance of both IVT direction and water vapor flux altitude to watershed MAP, 2) align well with previous studies for select locations that highlight the importance of upslope (i.e., lower tropospheric) water vapor flux during landfalling ARs and precipitation, and 3) motivate the development of AR-related and watershed-centric forecast tools that incorporate IVT direction and water vapor flux altitude parameters in addition to IVT magnitude.
Vorticity in the Wake of Palau from Lagrangian Surface Drifters
Authors: Zeiden Kristin L. , Rudnick Daniel L. , MacKinnon Jennifer A. , Hormann Verena , Centurioni Luca
Published: June 2022

Wake eddies are important to physical oceanographers because they tend to dominate current variability in the lee of islands. However, their generation and evolution has been difficult to study due to their intermittency. In this study, 2 years of observations from Surface Velocity Program (SVP) drifters are used to calculate relative vorticity (ζ) and diffusivity (κ) in the wake generated by westward flow past the archipelago of Palau. Over 2 years, 19 clusters of five SVP drifters ∼5 km in scale were released from the north end of the archipelago. Out of these, 15 were entrained in the wake. We compare estimates of ζ from both velocity spatial gradients (least squares fitting) and velocity time series (wavelet analysis). Drifters in the wake were entrained in either energetic submesoscale eddies with initial ζ up to 6f, or island-scale recirculation and large-scale lateral shear with ζ ∼ 0.1f. Here f is the local Coriolis frequency. Mean wake vorticity is initially 1.5f but decreases inversely with time (t), while mean cluster scale (L) increases as L ∝ t. Kinetic energy measured by the drifters is comparatively constant. This suggests ζ is predominantly a function of scale, confirmed by binning enstrophy (ζ2) by inverse scale. We find κ ∝ L4/3 and upper and lower bounds for L(t) are given by t3/2 and t1/2, respectively. These trends are predicted by a model of dispersion due to lateral shear. We argue the observed time dependence of cluster scale and vorticity suggest island-scale shear controls eddy growth in the wake of Palau.
Nonlinear Dynamics of a Hysteresis Western Boundary Current Perturbed by a Mesoscale Eddy at a Gap with an Island
Authors: Mei Huan , Qi Yiquan , Cheng Xuhua , Wu Xiangbai , Wang Qiang
Published: June 2022

We study a hysteresis western boundary current (WBC) flowing across a gap impinged by a mesoscale eddy, with an island of variable meridional size in the gap, using a 1.5-layer ocean model. The hysteresis curves suggest the island with a larger size facilitates the WBC intrusion by shedding the eddy more easily. Both anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies are able to induce the critical WBC transition from penetration regime to leap regime, and vice versa. The vorticity balance analysis indicates increased (decreased) meridional advection that induces the critical WBC shifting from the eddy shedding (leaping) regime to the leaping (eddy shedding) regime. The meridional size of the island significantly affects the critical WBC transition in terms of the critical strength of the mesoscale eddy. The regime shift from penetration to leap is most sensitive to the eddy upstream of the WBC for small islands and most sensitive to the southern anticyclonic eddy and northern cyclonic eddy for moderate and large islands. It is least sensitive to the central cyclonic eddy for small islands and to the cyclonic eddy upstream of the WBC for moderate and large islands and to the northern anticyclonic eddy regardless of island size. The regime shift from leap to penetration is most sensitive to the cyclonic eddy upstream of the WBC and to the northern anticyclonic eddy. It is least sensitive to the anticyclonic eddy from the south, and the least sensitive location of the cyclonic eddy shifts northward from the gap center as the island size increases.
Forecasting Convection with a “Scale-Aware” Tiedtke Cumulus Parameterization Scheme at Kilometer Scales
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

A scale-aware convective parameterization based on the Tiedtke scheme is developed and tested in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model and the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) for a few convective cases at grid sizes in the ranges of 1.5–4.5 km. These tests demonstrate that the scale-aware scheme effectively reduces the outcome of deep convection by decreasing the convective portion of the total surface precipitation. When compared to the model runs that use microphysics without the cumulus parameterization at these grid sizes, the modified Tiedtke scheme is shown to improve some aspects of the precipitation forecasts. When the scheme is applied on a variable mesh in MPAS, it handles the convection across the mesh transition zones smoothly.

Significance Statement

Representing convection accounting for variations in the size of grid mesh is crucial in numerical models with variable resolutions, and in precipitation events where convection is not well depicted even by a model mesh of a few kilometers. Many convective parameterizations have already considered this grid-size dependency. This paper fills a gap by applying the same concept to a different convective parameterization, and evaluating it in a few precipitation forecast scenarios.
Grade 1 Internal Carotid Artery Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury Persistence Risks Stroke With Current Management: An EAST Multicenter Study
Authors: Yang Sarah , Esposito Emily , Spalding Chance , Simpson Joshua , Dunn Julie A. , Zier Linda , Burruss Sigrid , Kim Paul , Jacobson Lewis E. , Williams Jamie , Nahmias Jeffry , Grigorian Areg , Harmon Laura , Gergen Anna , Chatoor Matthew , Rattan Rishi , Young Andrew J. , Pascual Jose L. , Murry Jason , Ong Adrian W. , Muller Alison , Sandhu Rovinder S. , Appelbaum Rachel , Bugaev Nikolay , Tatar Antony , Zreik Khaled , Lieser Mark J. , Scalea Thomas M. , Stein Deborah M. , Lauerman Margaret
Published: June 2022

Background

Higher blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) grade and lack of medical therapy are associated with stroke. Knowledge of stroke risk factors specific to individual grades may help tailor BCVI therapy to specific injury characteristics.

Methods

A post-hoc analysis of a 16 center, prospective, observational trial (2018-2020) was performed including grade 1 internal carotid artery (ICA) BCVI. Repeat imaging was considered the second imaging occurrence only.

Results

From 145 grade 1 ICA BCVI included, 8 (5.5%) suffered a stroke. Grade 1 ICA BCVI with stroke were more commonly treated with mixed anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy (75.0% vs 9.6%, P <.001) and less commonly antiplatelet therapy (25.0% vs 82.5%, P = .001) compared to injuries without stroke. Of the 8 grade 1 ICA BCVI with stroke, 4 (50.0%) had stroke after medical therapy was started. In comparing injuries with resolution at repeat imaging to those without, stroke occurred in 7 (15.9%) injuries without resolution and 0 (0%) injuries with resolution (P = .005). At repeat imaging in grade 1 ICA BCVI with stroke, grade of injury was grade 1 in 2 injuries, grade 2 in 3 injuries, grade 3 in 1 injury, and grade 5 in one injury.

Discussion

While the stroke rate for grade 1 ICA BCVI is low overall, injury persistence appears to heighten stroke risk. Some strokes occurred despite initiation of medical therapy. Repeat imaging is needed in grade 1 ICA BCVI to evaluate for injury progression or resolution.
Surgery is Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Gastric Cancer: A National Cancer Database Analysis
Authors: Greco Stephanie H. , Chao Joshua C. , Heath Nicole G. , Lin Yong , Gall Victor A. , Grandhi Miral S. , Kennedy Timothy J. , Carpizo Darren R. , Alexander H. Richard , Langan Russell C. , August David A.
Published: June 2022

Background

The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) is 5.3%. Surgery for mGC is controversial.

Methods

We identified all mGC patients who received chemotherapy using the National Cancer Database (2004-2015). Patients were grouped according to surgery of: (1) the primary site (PS) only, (2) primary and distant sites (PDS), (3) distant site only (DS), or (4) no surgery (NS). A propensity score adjustment and multivariate regression was used to compare OS.

Results

Overall, 18,772 patients met the inclusion criteria: (1) PS (n = 962, 5.1%), (2) PDS (n = 380, 2.1%), (3) DS (n = 984, 5.2%), and 16,446 NS (87.6%). Surgery was associated with improved OS in the PS and PDS groups (hazard ratios: .489 (95% CI: .376-.636); .583 (95% CI: .420-.811), P < .001) (median OS 15.8 and 15.9 months vs 8.6 for NS patients, respectively).

Conclusions

Gastrectomy with or without metastasectomy is associated with improved survival in stage IV gastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This warrants further prospective studies.
Convolutional Neural Networks in ENT Radiology: Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hasan Zubair , Key Seraphina , Habib Al-Rahim , Wong Eugene , Aweidah Layal , Kumar Ashnil , Sacks Raymond , Singh Narinder
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) represent a state-of-the-art methodological technique in AI and deep learning, and were specifically created for image classification and computer vision tasks. CNNs have been applied in radiology in a number of different disciplines, mostly outside otolaryngology, potentially due to a lack of familiarity with this technology within the otolaryngology community. CNNs have the potential to revolutionize clinical practice by reducing the time required to perform manual tasks. This literature search aims to present a comprehensive systematic review of the published literature with regard to CNNs and their utility to date in ENT radiology.

Methods:

Data were extracted from a variety of databases including PubMED, Proquest, MEDLINE Open Knowledge Maps, and Gale OneFile Computer Science. Medical subject headings (MeSH) terms and keywords were used to extract related literature from each databases inception to October 2020. Inclusion criteria were studies where CNNs were used as the main intervention and CNNs focusing on radiology relevant to ENT. Titles and abstracts were reviewed followed by the contents. Once the final list of articles was obtained, their reference lists were also searched to identify further articles.

Results:

Thirty articles were identified for inclusion in this study. Studies utilizing CNNs in most ENT subspecialties were identified. Studies utilized CNNs for a number of tasks including identification of structures, presence of pathology, and segmentation of tumors for radiotherapy planning. All studies reported a high degree of accuracy of CNNs in performing the chosen task.

Conclusion:

This study provides a better understanding of CNN methodology used in ENT radiology demonstrating a myriad of potential uses for this exciting technology including nodule and tumor identification, identification of anatomical variation, and segmentation of tumors. It is anticipated that this field will continue to evolve and these technologies and methodologies will become more entrenched in our everyday practice.
Suicide crises among women and mothers during and around the time of pregnancy: Prevalence and timing of initial contact with first responders and health services
Authors: Meurk Carla , Roberts Susan , Lam Michael , Wittenhagen Lisa , Callaway Leonie , Moss Katherine , Lucke Jayne , Barker Ruth , Waterson Elissa , Rawlinson Catherine , Malmstrom Natasha , Weaver Edward , Hoehn Elisabeth , Bosley Emma , Watson Shelby , Heffernan Ed
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

Suicide is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Suicidality during and around the time of pregnancy can have detrimental impacts on a child’s development and outcomes. This paper examines prevalence, demographic characteristics, and timing of initial contact with first responders and health services for a cohort of women who experienced suicidality during and around the time of pregnancy.

Methods:

Findings are drawn from the Partners in Prevention (PiP) study, a population-wide linked data set of suicide-related attendances by police or paramedics in Queensland, Australia. A sub-cohort of women was identified, who were between 6 months preconception and 2 years postpartum at the time of a suicide-related contact with police or paramedics (PiP-Maternal). Findings are compared to other girls and women who had a suicide-related contact with police or paramedics (PiP-Female). Prevalence, demographic characteristics, timing of contact with first responders and health services, re-presentations, and mortality are reported.

Results:

The PiP-Maternal cohort comprised 3020 individuals and 3400 births. Women in the PiP-Maternal cohort were younger, more likely to be of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander descent and live outside of a major city than the PiP-Female cohort. There were high rates of out-of-hours calls to police and ambulance, and similar perceived seriousness of the call between women in the PiP-Maternal and PiP-Female cohorts. Women in the PiP-Maternal cohort were less likely to be admitted to an emergency department within 24 hours, even after matching on covariates. Prevalence of suicidality for women who were pregnant and up to 2 years postpartum was 1.32% (95% CI = [1.27, 1.37]).

Conclusion:

Vulnerabilities and high rates of contact with police or paramedics, coupled with lower levels of follow-up, highlight the critical need to improve service responses for women with mental health needs during these phases of life.
Emerging trends in domestic homicide/femicide in Greece over the period 2010–2021
Authors: Karakasi Maria-Valeria , Voultsos Polychronis , Fotou Eleni , Nikolaidis Ioannis , Kyriakou Maria Sofia , Markopoulou Maria , Douzenis Athanasios , Pavlidis Pavlos
Published: June 2022

Temporal trends in epidemiological parameters of domestic homicide and femicide in Greece over the last decade have not yet been studied. We conducted this study to fulfill this purpose. Specifically, we conducted a retrospective epidemiological study using 11-year data from the official nationwide Hellenic Police Archives and statistically analyzed data regarding domestic homicide and femicide. Overall, 1370 records of homicides among which 236 domestic homicides were identified. The pattern emerging from the statistical results of the present study highlighted the phenomenon of femicide as the gravest current issue to be interpreted and addressed. Nationally, the average number of homicides was 114.2/year, among which 19.7 domestic homicides. However, in 2021, while a decrease was recorded in homicides in general to 89 incidents per year, domestic homicides skyrocketed to 34 cases, reaching the highest annual number ever nationally recorded. On average, domestic homicides account for 18.2% of all homicides in Greece. In 2021, however, this percentage rose to 38.2%. The number of male victims of domestic homicide has declined over the years, with a further decline in 2021, in stark contrast to the number of women escalating over time and even more sharply in 2021. The proportion of female victims of domestic homicides in Greece was fourfold higher on average. The fact that cases of domestic homicide and femicide have received a lot of media attention, the recent Greek financial crisis, as well as increased alcohol and drug consumption due to the COVID-19 pandemic constitute possible aggravating factors.
Mechanical asphyxia by hanging and gunshot to the head: A series of rare planned complex suicides
Authors: Gentilomo Andrea , Tambuzzi Stefano , Boracchi Michele , Gentile Guendalina , Zoja Riccardo
Published: June 2022

A suicide where the deceased has employed more than one means of ending his or her life is defined as a complex suicide (CS). Forensic practitioners may face difficulties caused by the articulated mechanisms underlying this event. Among CS, the combination of hanging and gunshots is unusual. In this study, we present three unique cases of such planned complex suicides (PCS) that we have encountered in our 28 years of activity at the Bureau of Legal Medicine of Milan. Careful inspection of the death scene, precise analysis of the anamnestic-circumstantial data, and accurate medico-legal autopsy examination were the starting points for a better understanding of the causes and manner of death. In particular, the presence of vital reactions of tissues involved in the two different means used, the coherence of the areas involved with a self-inflicted wound, and the absence of signs of third party intervention allowed us to classify these events as suicides. As for the chronology of events, the lethality of the cerebral lesions caused by the gunshots in all cases, in accordance with the cervical lesions caused by hanging, led us to conclude that we were dealing with PCS and catalogue these three cases as unusually planned complex suicides avoiding incorrect and superficial classification.
The Relationship of Death Anxiety With Loneliness and Psychological Well-Being in the Elderly Living in a Nursing Home
Authors: Ergin Emine , Yildirim Dilek , Yildiz Cennet Çiriş , Usenmez Sevinc Yildirim
Published: June 2022

This descriptive correlational study aimed relationship of death anxiety with loneliness and psychological well-being in the elderly living in a nursing home. The study was conducted on the elderly living in a nursing home in Istanbul, Turkey, between November 2021-February 2022. The study sample included 165 nursing home residents. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) and Psychological Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. The elderly participants obtained a mean score of 6.10 ± 3.50 from DAS, a mean score of 9.01 ± 4.08 from LSE, and a mean score of 38.97 ± 10.05 from Psychological Well-Being Scale. When death anxiety scale mean score of the elderly was compared with their mean scores of loneliness scale and psychological well-being scale, a weak and negative correlation was determined between psychological well-being and loneliness ( p < 0.001). As the mean score of psychological well-being scale increases, loneliness scale mean score decreases.
Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Patients Who Visited the Emergency Department due to Suicide Attempts During Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic
Authors: Bae Sung Jin , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Duk Hee , Seo Ah Young , Choi Yoon Hee
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected on mental health and contributed to increased depression and anxiety. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide-related the emergency department (ED) visits. We compared the characteristics of suicide-related patients who visited the ED between the “COVID-19 period” and the “pre-COVID-19 period”. The mean age of patients was younger after COVID-19 pandemic. In comparison by age group, the proportion of patients during the COVID-19 period increased in their teens and 20s, and the rest of the age groups decreased. The proportion of patients who requested help was higher during the COVID-19. The authenticity of suicide attempts showed a higher proportion of patients during the pre-COVID-19. Therefore, during the pandemic, attention should be paid to worsening mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression, rather than the lethality of suicide attempts.
Retention of Knowledge and Skills After a Basic Life Support Course for Schoolchildren: A Prospective Study
Authors: Borovnik Lesjak Vesna , Šorgo Andrej , Strnad Matej
Published: June 2022

Courses on basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillator (AED) in schools lead to increase in knowledge but its retention is less well explored. We aimed to explore the long-term retention of knowledge and practical skills among schoolchildren after a BLS and AED course to be able to tailor future courses accordingly. Study was conducted in 3 parts and included 823 seventh and ninth graders from different elementary schools in Maribor, Slovenia. In Study 1 (n=611) we assessed students' baseline knowledge and immediate knowledge gain after our BLS and AED course with a validated questionnaire; in Study 2 (n=116) we assessed retention of gained knowledge and skills after 5 months with a modified Cardiff test and Little Anne QCPR manikin; in Study 3 (n=96) we assessed retention of knowledge 2 years after the course. Mean differences in knowledge before and after the course in Study 1 and between studies were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Differences between individual question scores at different time points were compared using Mann – Whitney U test. A two-sided P<0,05 was considered significant. Practical skills retention was presented with descriptive statistics. Knowledge gain was significant immediately after the course with 83% correct answers compared to 60% at baseline. Scores dropped significantly after 5 months (73%) and after 2 years (75%), but remained significantly better than at baseline (P<0.001). Practical skills perfomance score as per Cardiff test after 5 months was 63%. Overall BLS performance score as per QCPR app was 59%, with an overall cardio score of 77% (average compression rate: 124/min and depth: 52 mm) and ventilation score of 44%. This study showed that long term retention of theoretical knowledge was satisfying whereas poor practical skills performance after 5 months calls for a more intense practical training on repeat courses.
Mariátegui’s Thought in the Peasant Struggles of Hugo Blanco
Authors: Pensado Leglise Patricia , Camacho Olvera Nayeli
Published: June 2022

The peasant uprisings in the valleys of La Convención and Lares in Cuzco, Peru, in the late 1950s and early 1960s placed the Peruvian indigenous peasantry at the center of the national scene and led to the 1969 agrarian reform that would transform the property-labor system in the Peruvian countryside (a system that produced the famous Mariátegui aphorism “The problem of the Indian is the problem of land”). Hugo Blanco Galdós was an iconic figure and one of the leaders of this movement. Although Trotskyism was the most visible directive of his political praxis during his militancy in La Convención, the influence of José Carlos Mariátegui’s (1894–1930) thought was what marked it. While the twenty-first-century indigenous peasant struggles have modified their objectives and discourse, Mariátegui’s thought remains current in a figure such as Blanco.

Los levantamientos campesinos en los valles de La Convención y Lares en Cuzco, Perú, a finales de la década de 1950 y principios de la década de 1960 pusieron al campesinado indígena peruano al centro de la escena nacional y condujeron a la reforma agraria de 1969, la cual transformaría el sistema de propiedad-trabajo en el campo peruano (sistema que dio lugar al famoso aforismo de José Carlos Mariátegui, “El problema del indio es el problema de la tierra”). Hugo Blanco Galdós fue una figura icónica y uno de los líderes de este movimiento. Aunque el trotskismo fue la directriz más visible de su praxis política durante su militancia en La Convención, la influencia del pensamiento de Mariátegui (1894–1930) fue lo que la marcó. Si bien las luchas campesinas indígenas del siglo XXI han modificado sus objetivos y discurso, el pensamiento de Mariátegui sigue vigente en una figura como Blanco.
Dismissing Attachment and Global and Daily Indicators of Subjective Well-Being: An Experience Sampling Approach
Authors: Dugan Keely A. , Khan Faaiza , Fraley R. Chris
Published: June 2022

The present research examined whether a dismissing attachment style (i.e., being high in attachment avoidance and low in attachment anxiety) is a risk factor for low subjective well-being (SWB). Specifically, we examined the associations between dismissing attachment and two indicators of SWB: global life satisfaction and daily affect. Self-reports of attachment and overall life satisfaction were collected from 257 adults at an initial lab session. Afterward, experience sampling methodology was used to gather repeated measures of positive and negative affect, as well as social context, from the sample for 8 days. Our findings indicate that, on average, dismissing people reported fairly modest levels of overall life satisfaction. Moreover, they experienced relatively low levels of both negative affect and positive affect across the 8-day study period. Overall, our results suggest that dismissing people have a “muted” or dull emotional life.
Socioeconomic Disadvantage as a Risk Factor for Attachment Insecurity: The Moderating Role of Gender
Authors: Sakman Ezgi , Solak Nevin , Sümer Nebi
Published: June 2022

Although socioeconomic conditions are crucial predictors of adult attachment, the relationships between attachment patterns and distinct dimensions of socioeconomic disadvantage, reflecting its structure as a multi-faceted social construct, remain largely unexplored. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of the previous studies utilized samples from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies, so little is known about how these relationships unfold in underrepresented cultural contexts. To fill these gaps, we explored the relationships between attachment dimensions and multiple indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage in a large community sample of married couples ( N = 2622) in Turkey. We expected that indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage would be positively related to both attachment anxiety and avoidance, particularly among women. In line with our expectations, we found that several indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage are related to both dimensions of insecure attachment. Furthermore, lower income levels emerged as a predictor for women’s attachment avoidance. Results are discussed in light of gender, evolutionary, and cultural perspectives.
Traumatic bonding in victims of intimate partner violence is intensified via empathy
Authors: Effiong James Edem , Ibeagha Peace N. , Iorfa Steven Kator
Published: June 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an increasingly prevalent problem in most parts of the world including sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the bonding patterns of IPV victims who decide to remain with the perpetrator despite the molestation. This study investigated the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between partner molestation and traumatic bonding among victims of IPV in Nigeria. Participants were 345 women purposively selected from female clients who visited the Sexual Assault Referral Centre (SART) Awka, Anambra State ( n = 145) and the Lagos State Domestic and Sexual Violence Response Team, Lagos ( n = 200). Their age ranged from 18-61 years (M=35.79; SD=8.6 years). They responded to the Composite Abuse Scale, the Basic Empathy Scale, and the Stockholm Syndrome Scale. Results of data analysis using the Hayes regression-based PROCESS macro showed that partner molestation was not significantly associated with traumatic bonding. Affective and cognitive components of empathy were positively associated with increased traumatic bonding. Estimates of indirect effects indicated that affective empathy and cognitive empathy served as pathways through which IPV was linked to dimensions of traumatic bonding. Empathy may engender tendencies that increase the likelihood for traumatic bonding. Findings highlight the dynamics of empathy in building and sustaining traumatic bonding in victims of IPV.
Evidence of assortative mating for theory of mind via facial expressions but not language
Authors: Jackson Emily , Galvin John , Warrier Varun , Baron-Cohen Simon , Luo Shanhong , Dunbar Robin IM , Proctor Hannah , Lee Eva , Richards Gareth
Published: June 2022

Assortative mating is a phenomenon in which romantic partners typically resemble each other at a level greater than chance. There is converging evidence that social behaviours are subject to assortative mating, though less is known regarding social cognition. Social functioning requires the ability to identify and understand the mental states of others, i.e., theory of mind. The present study recruited a sample of 102 heterosexual couples via an online survey to test if theory of mind as measured using facial expressions (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test) or language (Stiller-Dunbar Stories Task) is associated with assortative mating. Results provide evidence of assortative mating for theory of mind via facial expressions, though there was no such effect for theory of mind via language. Assortative mating for theory of mind via facial expressions was not moderated by length of relationship nor by partner similarity in age, educational attainment, or religiosity, all variables relevant to social stratification. This suggests assortative mating for theory of mind via facial expressions is better explained by partners being alike at the start of their relationship (initial assortment) rather than becoming similar through sustained social interaction (convergence), and by people seeking out partners that are like themselves (active assortment) rather than simply pairing with those from similar demographic backgrounds (social homogamy).
New York’s New School for Social Research: Renewing a distinguished legacy
Authors: Santamaría Gerardo del Cerro
Published: June 2022

This review essay summarizes and critically analyzes three books that deal with the institutional and academic history of the New School for Social Research (NSSR), the prestigious social science institution in Manhattan. The essay focuses on the distinctive approaches in each of the three books, which range from mostly institutional (Friedlander) to mostly academic (Krohn), with the book by Rutkoff and Scott standing somewhere in between. The evolution of the NSSR from 1919 is described. The essay pays attention to the school’s foundational moments: in 1919 (by a group of former Columbia University faculty) and 1933 (when the institution received and hosted a significant number of exiled intellectuals leaving Europe around the rise of fascism). The essay describes the slow changes over the decades that converged in the 1980s in a marked academic reorientation led by a new president (Jonathan Fanton) and a new Dean of the Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science (Ira Katznelson). Both contributed to shaping the NSSR that we have known in recent decades. The essay ends by identifying one major weakness in the three books reviewed: the absence of any discussion of the urban studies tradition at the NSSR.
P. Cairo GEM 66797: An Early Demotic Contract from Illahun
Authors: Abd-Ellatif Hasnaa , Eissa Maher , Ali Mahmoud , El-Rifai Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

P. GEM 66796 and P. GEM 66797 were found together in a tomb in Illahun in 2009 by an Egyptian archaeological mission of the Supreme Council of Antiquities. The tomb was described by the excavators as belonging to a craftsman and was dated to the Third Intermediate Period. The papyri were originally stored in the Kom-Aushim magazine, with the inventory numbers 91 and 92; they were subsequently moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum on 18 May 2016 and given the new inventory numbers of P. GEM 66796 and P. GEM 66977. During the same excavations, a further find was made of another group of fragmentary hieratic, late cursive hieratic and demotic papyri, but details of precisely where they were discovered are not yet available. These papyri show a number of similarities with the hand of P. GEM 66796.
Molecular Agglomeration Index: Quantification of the Incidence of Asphaltene Molecular Agglomeration in Aged Asphalt Binders Through Rheological Measurements
Authors: Siroma Rodrigo Shigueiro , Nguyen Mai Lan , Hornych Pierre , Lorino Tristan , Hung Yvong , Nicolaï Aurélia , Ziyani Layella , Chailleux Emmanuel
Published: June 2022

The phase angle (φ) has long been recognized as a powerful tool to detect variations in asphalt binders’ chemistry and microstructure. A recent study applied unsupervised multivariate approaches to uncover hidden pattern structures in data sets and settled the most relevant reduced frequency to investigate the evolution of the phase angle master curve with aging. Considering that study’s findings, this paper revisits the δ-method—that is, an approach that estimates the apparent molecular weight distribution (AMWD) of a given asphalt binder based on its rheology—and proposes a simple indicator that quantifies the incidence of asphaltene molecular agglomeration named Molecular Agglomeration Index (MAI). Laboratory- and field-aged binders were tested and a limiting value for MAI indicating an increased binder cracking susceptibility is established in agreement with other failure criteria found in the literature.
Effect of Swelling Soil on Pavement Condition Index of Airport Runway Pavement
Authors: Miah Md Tofail , Oh Erwin , Chai Gary , Bell Phil
Published: June 2022

Swelling is one of the distresses that affect the pavement condition index (PCI) of airport runways. In northwest Queensland, swelling was observed in three different runways where sealed flexible pavement runways were deformed by the heaving of the expansive clay subgrades due to water intrusion. In the study, the trends of moisture content (MC) and corresponding swelling of these expansive soils were observed at different times. Subsequently, the PCI was calculated for the swelling of these runways using PAVER software. A correlation has been developed between swelling of different severity levels and the corresponding PCI. In addition, the relationship between MC and PCI has been established to demonstrate the influence of MC on the swell behavior, and the influence of seasonal MC variations on PCI was also examined. Finally, the study generated empirical equations to predict the swelling effects on the PCI and subsequent functional performance of the runway pavements constructed on expansive soils. A good correlation has been achieved between the swell parameter and the PCI. The correlation coefficient of determination R2 is computed to be 0.9981, 0.999, and 0.9987 for low, medium, and high severity of the swelling, respectively. The equations fitted with the experimental data well, which demonstrates the reliability of the empirical equations. From the result of swelling against MC and calculated PCI, it is evident that adverse effects are inevitable when water intrusion occurs in swelling soil subgrade. This high plasticity soil can deteriorate pavement performance and cause early pavement damage if allowed to swell.
Mitigating Pumping in Pavement Shoulder Using Wicking Geotextile: An Experimental Study
Authors: Galinmoghadam Javad , Liu Jenny , Zhang Xiong , Lin Chuang , Guo Yipeng
Published: June 2022

Pumping is one of the major factors contributing toward concrete pavement failures, one which reduces the pavement life, affects road safety, and increases maintenance costs. Existing methods such as nonwoven geotextiles used as drainage systems can drain gravitational (free) water under saturated conditions but not the capillary water under an unsaturated conditions. The objective of this study is to explore and identify the feasibility of using a new wicking geotextile for pumping mitigation in pavement shoulder via laboratory tests and field test section monitoring. Laboratory results showed that soil installed with wicking geotextile was noticeably drier than that with a French drain as a drainage system because the wicking geotextile can drain capillary water. Nearly 3 years of field monitoring verified the effectiveness of using wicking geotextile to reduce water content, especially where the pavement was prone to pumping damage. In addition, exposing the edge of the wicking geotextile to the air further noticeably increased its drainage ability.
A monoclonal antibody against basic fibroblast growth factor attenuates cisplatin resistance in lung cancer by suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Hu Penghui , So Kaman , Chen Hongjie , Lin Qimou , Xu Meng , Lin Yiguang
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To investigate the underlying mechanisms of how the basic fibroblast growth factor monoclonal antibody (bFGFmAb) attenuates cisplatin (DDP) resistance in lung cancer using A549 cells and cisplatin-resistant A549 cells (A549/DDP). Methods: Cancer cell proliferation, cell viability, and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin were assessed. Transwell assays were utilized to evaluate the invasion activity of tumor cells in response to treatment. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and drug resistance proteins were analysed using Western blots. Results: We demonstrate that the bFGFmAb inhibits the proliferation and invasion of both A549 and A549/DDP cells. The bFGFmAb increases cisplatin sensitivity of both A549 and A549/DDP cells as evidenced by an increase in the IC50 of cisplatin in A549 and A549/DDP cells. Furthermore, bFGFmAb significantly increases the expression of E-cadherin, whilst decreasing the expression of N-cadherin and bFGF in both cell lines, thereby showing inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In addition, we demonstrate that bFGFmAb significantly reduces the expression of the lung resistance protein. Conclusions: Our data suggests that the humanized bFGFmAb is a promising agent to attenuate cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. The underlying mechanism for this effect of bFGFmAb may be associated with the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reduced expression of lung resistance protein.
Diversity, Disrupted: A Critique of Neoliberal Difference in Tech Organizations
Authors: Alfrey Lauren M.
Published: June 2022

Since 2014, technology companies have spent an estimated $1.2 billion on diversity efforts. Despite these investments, Black and Latinx Americans remain starkly underrepresented. How is this problem understood by people in tech? Connecting theories of white racial ideologies and research on racialized organizations, I show how understandings of tech’s “diversity problem” paradoxically serve to naturalize tech organizations as white spaces. Using interviews and surveys of 69 tech workers, I identify several semantic maneuvers used to defend predominantly white workplaces as “diverse.” Together, they demonstrate a pattern I call neoliberal difference. Neoliberal difference is a culturally authorized ideology that expresses support for pluralism and progressive ideals while ignoring systems of racial exclusion. The theory of neoliberal difference expands and complicates our existing knowledge of white racial ideologies using the tech industry as an important case study. Implications for a sector so powerful in shaping social life are discussed.
Adult Day Service Use Among Minority Older Adults: Facilitators, Barriers, and Outcomes From an Updated Integrative Literature Review Between 2010 to 2021
Authors: Li Yawen , Liu Jinyu , Sun Fei , Xu Ling
Published: June 2022

Adult day services (ADS) are one of the more popular long-term care options for racial and ethnic minority older Americans. Focusing on minority older adults, this study aims to (a) identify both the individual and structural/organizational levels factors associated with ADS use and to (b) examine ADS’ effect on health and well-being. Using the integrative review approach of Whittemore and Knafl, we found 14 studies published between 2010 to 2021. Findings concluded that individual-level needs and enabling factors were associated with ADS use and outcomes among minority older adults centered mostly on quality of life. Organizational/structural characteristics of ADS were never empirically examined in relation to service use or health outcomes. Future research should move beyond the individual level to identify and address the impact of the institutional structure, culture and practice on access, quality, and use.