bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Implications of Thermal Hydrodynamic Atmospheric Escape on the TRAPPIST-1 Planets
Authors: Gialluca Megan T. , Barnes Rory , Meadows Victoria S. , Garcia Rodolfo , Birky Jessica , Agol Eric
Published: June 2024

JWST observations of the seven-planet TRAPPIST-1 system will provide an excellent opportunity to test outcomes of stellar-driven evolution of terrestrial planetary atmospheres, including atmospheric escape, ocean loss, and abiotic oxygen production. While most previous studies use a single luminosity evolution for the host star, we incorporate observational uncertainties in stellar mass, luminosity evolution, system age, and planetary parameters to statistically explore the plausible range of planetary atmospheric escape outcomes. We present probabilistic distributions of total water loss and oxygen production as a function of initial water content, for planets with initially pure water atmospheres and no interior–atmosphere exchange. We find that the interior planets are desiccated for initial water contents below 50 Earth oceans. For TRAPPIST-1e, f, g, and h, we report maximum water-loss ranges of

8.0

−
0.9

+
1.3

,

4.8

−
0.4

+
0.6

,

3.4

−
0.3

+
0.3

, and

0.8

−
0.1

+
0.2

Earth oceans, respectively, with corresponding maximum oxygen retention of

1290

−
75

+
75

,

800

−
40

+
40

,

560

−
25

+
30

, and

90

−
10

+
10

bars. We explore statistical constraints on initial water content imposed by current water content, which could inform evolutionary history and planet formation. If TRAPPIST-1b is airless while TRAPPIST-1c possesses a tenuous oxygen atmosphere, as initial JWST observations suggest, then our models predict an initial surface water content of 8.2

−
1.0

+
1.5

Earth oceans for these worlds, leading to the outer planets retaining >1.5 Earth oceans after entering the habitable zone. Even if TRAPPIST-1c is airless, surface water on the outer planets would not be precluded.
Acute Q fever pneumonia diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing
Authors: Liu Bin , Huang Peng , Liang Yanchao , Liu Shuangbo , Chen Fangwei , Luo Xiping , Xu Tengjuan , Xie Bo
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Q fever, a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii), presents diagnostic challenges due to its clinical and radiological nonspecificity, which often mimics community-acquired pneumonia, coupled with the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become an indispensable tool in clinical diagnostics for its high-throughput pathogen identification capabilities. Herein, we detail a case of acute Q fever pneumonia diagnosed with mNGS.
Case presentation: The patient exhibited symptoms of fever, cough, expectoration, and diarrhea for three days, with the pathogen undetected in initial laboratory assessments. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were conducted, leading to the identification of C. burnetii in the lavage fluid via mNGS. Consequently, the patient was promptly initiated on a treatment regimen of 100 mg doxycycline, administered orally every 12 hours.
Results: Post-treatment, the patient's temperature normalized, and a full recovery was observed. The follow-up chest CT scan revealed complete resolution of the right lower lobe consolidation.
Conclusions: The clinical presentation of Q fever pneumonia lacks specificity, making diagnosis based solely on symptoms and imaging challenging. mNGS offers a superior alternative for identifying elusive or rarely cultured pathogens.
Prevalence of and factors associated with placental malaria in the White Nile State: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elmugabil Abdelmageed , Ahmed Itedal , Ali Lobna E , Alorini Mohammed , Mohmmed Ahmed A , Adam Ishag
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Malaria during pregnancy can lead to maternal and perinatal adverse effects. Despite the preventive measures, recent research has shown that malaria during pregnancy is still a threatening health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries. The current study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with placental malaria in Rabak Hospital in central Sudan.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021. Pregnant women who delivered at the Rabak Maternity Hospital in Central Sudan were included. A questionnaire was used to gather both obstetric and socio-demographic information. Blood films for malaria were prepared using the maternal, placental, and cord blood, and a placental histology was performed. A logistic regression analysis was performed.
Results: For the 208 women, the medians (interquartile range) of their age and parity were 25 (21.0 ‒30.0) years and 2 (1‒4), respectively. Twenty-five (12.0%) of the women had used insecticide-treated nets. Active infection, active-chronic infection, and past-chronic infection were detected in four (1.9%), five (2.4%), and 35 (16.8%) placentas, respectively. One hundred and sixty-four (78.8%) placentas showed no signs of infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that none of the examined factors (age, parity, education, antenatal care level, use of insecticide-treated nets, and blood group) was associated with placental malaria.
Conclusions: Malaria affects 20% of pregnant women, regardless of their age and parity. Preventative measures should therefore be encouraged in this area.
Evaluation of adhesin genes and risk factors associated with urinary tract infections by drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli in North of Iran
Authors: Sheikhi Raheleh , Amini Mohammad Esmaeil , Alidoust Leila , Atrkar Roushan Zahra , Nikokar Iraj
Published: June 2024

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates, have a wide variety of virulence factors to promote colonization and survival in the urinary tract. This study aimed to evaluate adhesin genes, biofilm formation ability, antibiotic resistance profiles of UPEC strains, and the related risk factors in patients with UTIs caused by drug-resistant UPEC.
Methodology: A total of 105 UPEC isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation using 96-well microtiter plates, the presence of adhesin genes by PCR assay and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern using the disk diffusion method. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were investigated to identify predisposing factors for drug-resistant isolates.
Results: Out of 105 UPEC isolates, 84.8% were positive for biofilm formation. Biofilm-producing isolates exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of fimH, kpsMTII, csgA, afa/draBC, and pap adhesin genes compared to non-biofilm-producing strains (p < 0.05). The results also revealed that 52.4% of the isolates were ESBL-producing, and 84.8% were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Further analysis of antibiotic susceptibility among ESBL-producing strains showed the highest resistance rates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Conversely, the highest susceptibility, in addition to carbapenems, was observed for fosfomycin, amikacin, cefoxitin, and nitrofurantoin. We identified hypertension as a potential risk factor for infection with ESBL-producing UPEC strains.
Conclusions: Our results revealed a significant rate of drug resistance among UPEC isolates obtained from UTIs in our region. This underscores the importance of monitoring the empirical use of antibiotics and identifying specific risk factors in our geographical area to guide the selection of appropriate empirical treatment for UTIs.
Comparison of efficacies of different treatments for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in Anhui Province, China
Authors: Zha Zhaoyu , Gao Long , Wang Dongping , Xu Dongfang , Liu Yanyan , Liu Yi , Liu Shengsheng , Li Jiabin , Lin Wenhong
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Although nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is a common cause of pulmonary disease worldwide, few studies have focused on epidemiological and therapeutic factors related to NTM cases in Anhui Province, China. This retrospective study aimed to identify aetiological and clinical factors, and treatment outcomes of patients with NTM pulmonary disease (NTMPD) in Anhui.
Methodology: Retrospective clinical data obtained from medical records of NTMPD patients seeking care at Anhui Chest Hospital from July 2019 to June 2022 were analyzed. Treatment outcomes were compared between two patient groups: one receiving a standardised NTM treatment regimen and the other receiving precision treatment regimens.
Results: Genotypic analysis of 672 clinical NTMPD-associated isolates revealed that most were Mycobacterium intracellulare, while drug-susceptibility test results demonstrated diverse antibiotic resistance profiles for these isolates. Cough was the most common symptom for 101 NTMPD patients. After patients of both groups received treatment, symptoms improved, sputum culture conversion was observed for some patients, imaging findings stabilised; however, no statistically significant intergroup differences in treatment outcomes were found.
Conclusions: In this study, M. intracellulare was the predominant NTM species identified in isolates obtained from NTMPD patients. Drug resistance profiles of our patient isolates were complex, highlighting the need for administration of timely, more effective, standardised treatments for patients with NTMPD in Anhui Province, China.
First record of the genus Conotalopia Iredale, 1929 (Vetigastropoda, Trochidae) in China
Authors: Qi Lu , Xu Biyang , Kong Lingfeng , Li Qi
Published: June 2024

The genus Conotalopia Iredale, 1929 consisting of marine trochids, primarily inhabits the intertidal zone. Globally, eight recent species have been documented, all of which occur in the Pacific Region. The genus has not previously been recorded from Chinese seas.

This study fills a knowledge gap by reporting, for the first time, the presence of the trochid genus Conotalopia Iredale, 1929 in China. Specifically, Conotalopia sematensis (Oyama, 1942) was detailed using morphological characteristics derived from the shell (Fig. 1A-F and H-I), operculum (Fig. 1G) and radula (Fig. 1J-L). Additionally, this study introduces comprehensive scanning electron microscope illustrations and molecular data, contributing valuable taxonomic information for the first time.
A missing piece is found: a new species of Paepalanthus (Poales, Eriocaulaceae) and the puzzling relations of the campos rupestres mountaintop floras of eastern Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Rocha Luiz Henrique , Gonella Paulo Minatel , Oliveira Andrino Caroline
Published: June 2024

Paepalanthus is a diverse genus characteristic of the campos rupestres, a megadiverse vegetation found on mountaintops of mainly quartzitic mountain ranges of central-eastern Brazil. Recent efforts on prospecting the biodiversity of Serra do Padre Ângelo, a small mountain complex in eastern Minas Gerais, yielded several new plant and animal species, highlighting the urgency of conservation actions towards this still unprotected area. Here, we describe yet another new species found in the campos rupestres of these mountains, Paepalanthus magnus, a mountaintop microendemic species morphologically similar to taxa found in the Espinhaço Range, over 200 km distant, a biogeographic pattern shared by several other species. The affinities of the new species are discussed, and we provide illustrations, photographs, and SEM photomicrographs of the seed. We also discuss the conservation status of the species, which is preliminarily assessed as Critically Endangered, reinforcing the urgent need to address the conservation of the unique biodiversity of Serra do Padre Ângelo.
A new species of Yunnanilus (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Yunnan, southwest China
Authors: Qin Zhi-Xian , Shao Wei-han , Du Li-Na , Wang Zhen-Xing
Published: June 2024

A new species of Yunnanilus is described from the Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan, China. The new species, Yunnanilus polylepis, can be distinguished from other species of Yunnanilus by the following combination of characteristics: Processus dentiformis absent; eye diameter smaller than interorbital width; outer gill raker absent and 10 inner gill rakers on first gill arch; whole trunk covered by scales; nine branched dorsal-fin rays; 10 or 11 branched pectoral-fin rays; six branched pelvic-fin rays. Despite our phylogenetic analysis, which sheds light on the complex relationships among Yunnanilus species, the majority of Yunnanilus species are restricted to more localized environments and habitats. It is urgent to address the environmental threats that jeopardize their survival, especially given their generally restricted distribution.
Pursuing Development and the Post-Colonial: Negotiating from the Middle between South Korea and Thailand, 1954-late 1960s
Authors: DiMoia John P.
Published: June 2024

Cet essai soutient que le développementalisme coréen, plutôt que de dériver de la planification étatique de la République de Corée, trouve ses origines dans les projets de construction d’après 1954, avec des contrats prévoyant un rôle de sous-traitance d’abord dans la sphère nationale, puis dans les domaines régional et international. Dans ce cas, la Thaïlande d’après-guerre a fourni le partenariat et le contexte de travail permettant aux Coréens de commencer à développer leurs compétences. En poursuivant de tels projets, le capital privé coréen, avec une certaine participation de l’État coréen, a progressivement accumulé une expérience professionnelle internationale. Le fait de mettre l’accent non plus sur la planification descendante, mais sur les entreprises privées, les soumissions conditionnelles et les nouveaux types de chantiers difficiles offre un nouveau contexte pour comprendre l’émergence de l’ingénierie coréenne d’après-guerre, de l’industrie de la construction et de l’attrait croissant des entreprises coréennes.
Le mythe du Castor marocain
Authors: Clark Ben
Published: June 2024

À partir d’une recherche en cours menée sur les archives du Centre d’Expérimentation, de Recherche et de Formation (CERF), au sein de l’État marocain actif entre 1967 et 1973, et sur les activités du Programme Alimentaire Mondial de l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (PAM) au Maroc, cet article interroge la recrudescence de l’usage du principe « d’autoconstruction assistée » et des discours qui y ont été associés dans les premières années d’indépendance au Maroc en les remettant dans la perspective plus large des politiques coloniales puis postcoloniales du logement social et de l’habitat d’urgence. L’analyse débute avec l’importation du « système Castor » pendant le protectorat, explore la promotion par les Nations unies et l’État marocain de diverses formes d’auto-assistance après l’indépendance, et se prolonge jusqu’aux travaux du CERF lors du plan quinquennal 1968-1972. Ce dernier correspondant à un premier bilan critique des politiques d’habitat social héritées du protectorat et à une intensification des recherches sur les recours possibles à l’autoconstruction et à l’initiative privée pour désengager l’État du secteur de la construction.
L’heure est-elle enfin venue ?
Authors: Goscha Christopher
Published: June 2024

Ce texte a pour ambition de comprendre comment les Français d’Indochine ont vécu les événements tumultueux d’août et septembre 1945 quand les Vietnamiens ont pris le pouvoir au Vietnam à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Comment les Français sur place ont-ils perçu l’indépendance du Vietnam ? Comment ont-ils compris la fin possible de l’empire ? Cet article accorde une importance particulière aux émotions, surtout à celle de l’humiliation, de la peur et de la haine, pour mieux comprendre la perception des Français d’Indochine de cette conjoncture si difficile dans leur histoire.
Dénigrement par le superviseur et engagement organisationnel : une approche contingente
Authors: Robert Véronique , Vandenberghe Christian
Published: June 2024

Le dénigrement social en milieu de travail a fait l’objet de nombreux travaux dans les dernières années en raison de ses effets délétères sur la santé, les attitudes, et la performance des employés. La recherche a pourtant très peu abordé les effets que le dénigrement social peut exercer sur l’engagement organisationnel des employés. De plus, le dénigrement exercé spécifiquement par le superviseur a encore moins été examiné dans la littérature en lien avec l’engagement des employés. L’objectif de cette étude est d’examiner les liens entre le dénigrement par le superviseur et trois formes d’engagement, soit l’engagement affectif, l’engagement normatif, et l’engagement de continuité. Par ailleurs, nous adoptons une approche contingente en considérant deux modérateurs importants dans ces relations, soit l’auto-accusation ou l’attribution interne par l’employé de la cause du dénigrement, et le statut organisationnel perçu du superviseur. Sur la base d’un large échantillon d’employés (N = 1 003) provenant de diverses organisations, notre étude révèle que le dénigrement par le superviseur exerce un effet négatif sur l’engagement affectif des employés mais n’a pas d’effet sur l’engagement normatif ou de continuité. De plus, les résultats indiquent que l’effet du dénigrement sur les trois composantes d’engagement est significativement atténué lorsque l’employé s’auto-attribue la responsabilité du dénigrement. De même, les résultats montrent que l’effet du dénigrement sur l’engagement affectif et l’engagement normatif est négatif et significatif seulement lorsque le statut organisationnel perçu du superviseur est élevé. Ces résultats sont discutés dans la perspective d’une approche contingente des effets du dénigrement par le superviseur sur l’engagement des employés.
Stability of HHV-8 and HIV-1 co-infection model with latent reservoirs and multiple distributed delays
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , Almohaimeed E. A. , Hobiny A. D.
Published: June 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gradually destroys the CD4$ ^{+} $ T cells leading to immune system dysfunction. HIV-1 can result in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if antiretroviral drugs are not used. HIV/AIDS patients are more vulnerable to opportunistic infections or cancers. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) targets B cells and causes an AIDS-related cancer known as kaposi sarcoma (KS). Numerous investigations have demonstrated co-infection instances between HIV-1 and HHV-8. In this research, we investigated the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 in vivo using a system of delay differential equations (DDEs). The model explained the interactions between uninfected CD4$ ^{+} $ T cells, latently/actively HIV-1-infected CD4$ ^{+} $ T cells, free HIV-1 particles, uninfected B cells, latently/actively HHV-8-infected B cells, and free HHV-8 particles. Eight distributed-time delays were incorporated into the model to account for the delays that arose during the generation of both actively and latently infected cells, the activation of latent reservoirs, and the maturation of freshly discharged virions. By examining the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solutions, we demonstrated that the model was both mathematically and biologically well-posed. We calculated the model's equilibria and threshold numbers. We studied the global asymptotic stability of the model's equilibria by building appropriate Lyapunov functionals and applying the Lyapunov-LaSalle asymptotic stability theorem. Numerical simulations were used to display the results. For the basic reproduction numbers of HHV-8 single-infection ($ R_{1} $) and HIV-1 single-infection ($ R_{2} $), sensitivity analysis was carried out. Comparing HIV-1 or HHV-8 single infections with co-infections of HHV-8 and HIV-1 was shown. It's interesting to note that we detected larger amounts of HHV-8 and HIV-1 when they co-infect than when they are infected alone. This outcome aligned with several findings seen in the literature. The effect of antiviral drugs and time delays on the co-dynamics of HIV-1 and HHV-8 was investigated. We found that the delay parameter and drug effectiveness both contributed to a decrease in the basic reproduction numbers, $ R_{1} $ and $ R_{2} $. Less treatment efficacies will be needed to keep the system at the infection-free equilibrium and remove HIV-1 and HHV-8 from the body if a model with time delays is employed.
Arheologija okoliša i paleoekologija
Authors: Andrič Maja , Tolar Tjaša , Radović Siniša , Toškan Borut , Gerometta Katarina
Published: June 2024

This book ('Environmental Archaeology and Palaeoecology: Palynology, Archaeobotany, Archaeozoology and Geoarchaeology') is based on the translation of the Slovenian book, entitled Okoljska arheologija in paleoekologija: palinologija, arheobotanika in arheozoologija ('Environmental Archaeology and Palaeoecology: Palynology, Archaeobotany and Archaeozoology', 2016), written by Maja Andrič, Tjaša Tolar and Borut Toškan (Institute of Archaeology, ZRC SAZU). In addition to the translation of the book published in 2016 to Croatian, the work is supplemented by additional chapters dealing with this research in Croatia, including geoarchaeology, which is not covered in the Slovenian version. This part of the book was completed by Katarina Gerometta from the Jurja Dobrila College, Faculty of Philosophy in Pula, and Siniša Radović from the Institute of Palaeontology and Geology of the Quarter, HAZU in Zagreb.
The authors present the ways (i.e. methods) and results of research of past environment. Plant and animal remains and deposited sediments found at archaeological sites and in marsh and lake sediments are a good source of information about the way of life, economy, nutrition habits, the former environment and human adaptations to it in different archaeological periods. It is the first comprehensive book presenting the fields of palynology, archaeobotany, archaeozoology and geoarchaeology in Croatian language.
Co-publisher: Sveučilište Jurja Dobrile, Pula (Croatia)
Studying the hydration kinetics and mechanical-microstructural properties of Portland cements made with and without dredged sediment: experimental and numerical approaches
Authors: Chu D.C. , Benzerzour M. , Amar M. , Kleib J. , Abriak N-E. , Potier G. , Nadah J.
Published: June 2024

This research focused on two objectives: (i) investigating the impacts of sediment substitution in the raw meal on the hydration and mechanical-microstructural properties of cement; (ii) assessing the reliability of CEMHYD3D code for modeling the properties of hydrated cement. The experimental results indicated that a maximum rate of sediment up to 7.55% had no impact on the formation of mineralogical phases of clinker, the hydration and mechanical-microstructural development of cement. The degree of hydration and strengths of cement made of sediment substitution were slightly higher than those of reference cement, whereas the critical diameter of pores of both hydrated cements was nearly identical. Comparing the modeling results with the experimental measurements showed good predictions for the degree of hydration, hydration heat as well as strength development. However, the formation of hemi-and mono-carboaluminate phases was not predicted in the model, and the porosity prediction was also limited to the capillary porosity.
Experimental Assessment of Egg Mat Gear Retention and Collection Efficacy
Authors: Tomczak Madeline G. , DeBruyne Robin L. , Schmidt Brian A. , Bowser Dustin A. , Fischer Jason L. , Kennedy Gregory W. , King Nicole R. , Mayer Christine M. , Roseman Edward F.
Published: June 2024

Assessment of egg deposition is a method widely used to provide an index of spawning efforts for lithophilic spawning fishes; however, little is known about the collection efficacy and bias of fish egg collection methods. We conducted a two-phase study consisting of a simulated-river flume study (two-part design) and a field study (an egg drift comparison with capture on mats) to assess egg collection methods and evaluate egg retention and capture on egg mats. Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis egg retention on seeded mats decreased with increasing velocity, and Walleye Sander vitreus egg retention was variable as velocity increased. We collected fewer Lake Whitefish eggs on egg mats when limestone reef rock was present in the flume study during the simulated spawned trials, but the inverse was true for Walleye. Similarly, during field collections we collected more Lake Whitefish eggs in benthic D-shaped frame (D-frame) drift nets set near a known spawning reef compared with egg mats set on the reef, indicating that Lake Whitefish eggs drifted downstream along the river bottom. By contrast, we observed fewer Walleye eggs in D-frame drift nets than number of eggs captured on the egg mats. Therefore, egg mats are an informative tool for evaluating Walleye egg deposition in an immediate area, but may underestimate egg deposition of Lake Whitefish, especially in lotic systems. Compared with other egg collection methods described in the current literature, our study indicates that egg mats are useful for assessing egg deposition by lithophilic spawning fishes but that the collection and retention efficacy and bias of this gear may vary between species and habitat types.
La pell de brau i el mite de Sepharad
Authors: Boyer Denise
Published: June 2024

On s'interroge ici sur la portée exacte du terme Sepharad et de ses deux équivalents, pell de brau et España, dans La pell de brau de Salvador Espriu: référents, valeur(s) connotative(s), traits caractéristiques.
Temps històric i escriptura: La plaça del Diamant
Authors: Arnau Carme
Published: June 2024

On analyse ici la façon dont le temps historique (en particulier République et guerre civile) apparaît dans La plaça del Diamant, où la narratrice Colometa relate à la fois ses propres expériences et celles des différents personnages, telles qu'elle a pu les observer ou en entendre le récit.
Marques de cultura catalana a l’obra literària de Joan Brossa
Authors: Bordons Glòria
Published: June 2024

Le propos de cette communication est d'étudier les marques de catalanité présentes dans l'œuvre littéraire de Joan Brossa (Barcelone, 1919-1998), dont le point commun, qu'elles renvoient à une tradition littéraire ou à l'actualité la plus immédiate, est de se situer dans une perspective clairement catalaniste et antifranquiste.
Les imatges que parlen català a la poesia visual de Joan Brossa
Authors: Audí Marc
Published: June 2024

On analyse ici, en complément de la communication de Glòria Bordons, les marques de catalanité présentes dans la poésie visuelle de Joan Brossa (Barcelone, 1919-1998), qui pour être moins nombreuses que dans l'œuvre littéraire traduisent néanmoins le même engagement civique.
Identitat catalana, identitat romànica en el cicle Euràsia
Authors: Dachs Ramon
Published: June 2024

Le poète Ramon Dachs (Barcelone, 1959) s'interroge ici sur les différentes identités qui se manifestent dans ses trois cycles poétiques (Poeta y muro, Euràsia: tot u et Transeurasia), écrits pour l'essentiel en catalan et castillan mais aussi, occasionnellement, en français, galicien et autres langues romanes. Il revendique en conclusion une identité poétique romane ou néo-latine.
Any 1939: la fi del periodisme, l’inici de la repressió
Authors: Mauri Marcel
Published: June 2024

En 1939, à l'issue de la guerre civile espagnole, la victoire du général Franco marque le début d'une longue et dure dictature qui mettra fin au développement du journalisme en Catalogne, en interdisant toute la presse non acquise au régime et en supprimant tous les moyens de communication de langue catalane. L'absence totale de libertés démocratiques aura un effet dévastateur sur un système médiatique qui vivra pendant près de quarante ans sous le strict contrôle et la répression de l'État franquiste.
Un 1939 sense escriptors?
Authors: Dasca Maria
Published: June 2024

Bien que l’année 1939 se caractérise par la disparition publique de la langue et la culture catalanes et l’imposition de nouveaux contenus et d'un nouveau langage culturel, certains écrivains persistent à écrire. D’autres s’engagent dans l’organisation d’activités de résistance culturelle à travers des voies clandestines. On se propose ici d’étudier l’œuvre et les activités des écrivains catalans restés en Catalogne par rapport au contexte d’implantation de la dictature franquiste1.
L’existencialisme en la literatura catalana durant el franquisme
Authors: Vall Xavier
Published: June 2024

Ce panorama esquisse la répercussion dans les Pays Catalans des principaux auteurs étrangers agrégés –en général, malgré eux– à l'"existentialisme", autant que quelques productions catalanes similaires. Il en montre des exemples abondants et variés en provenance de plusieurs champs et, spécialement, de divers genres littéraires, surtout jusqu'à 1968, prenant en considération les conditionnements historiques particuliers.
Romanicitat i particularisme dels refranys meteorològics del català a partir de BADARE
Authors: Gargallo Gil José Enrique
Published: June 2024

Cet article examine les affinités des proverbes météorologiques (dictons) du catalan dans son contexte roman. À partir des données de la Base de datos sobre refranes del calendario y meteorológicos en la Romania (BADARE), on présente et classifie un échantillon de proverbes d’après leur participation à des modèles romans plus ou moins étendus (« romanicitat ») et leur caractère particulier (« particularisme »). Comme pour le lexique et d’autres éléments constitutifs du catalan, cette langue montre une physionomie à mi chemin entre les espaces iberoroman et galloroman, entre l’aire latérale occidentale et l’aire centrale de l’ensemble roman. Le « particularisme » de quelques proverbes (avec l’inclusion de toponymes) trouve souvent des échos ailleurs, dans une « Romania parémique continue ».
El Polònia de TV3: tastets paremiològics amb versions en francès i castellà
Authors: Ugarte Ballester Xus
Published: June 2024

L’objectif de cette communication est une radiographie parémiologique de Polònia, le programme satirique le plus vu de la télévision catalane (TV3). Chaque émission balaie l’actualité politique bien sûr mais jette aussi un regard critique et humoristique sur des thèmes aussi divers que la météorologie, la monarchie, la gastronomie, la police ou la religion. Nous analyserons ici les différents aspects linguistiques et parémiologiques (proverbes, dictons, locutions) sur lesquels s’appuie le comique du programme.
Anàlisi de les parèmies en l’assaig contemporani. Josep Pla i Joan Fuster
Authors: Conca Maria
Published: June 2024

On se propose ici d'analyser les parémies dans les essais de Josep Pla i Joan Fuster, El quadern gris et Diccionari per a ociosos. Il s’agit de trouver le rapport entre les parémies et le style dans l’essai. On se demande si ces expressions familières aident à créer l’atmosphère idéale pour établir une certaine complicité culturelle­ et nationa­­le entre l’auteur et le lecteur.
Espriu, Pere Quart i Gabriel Ferrater: tres poetes per al Realisme històric
Authors: Martínez-Gil Víctor
Published: June 2024

Cet article propose de comprendre le Réalisme historique comme un large mouvement qui n'est pas limité à la littérature sociale. Le Réalisme historique, tel qu’il a été proposé par ses promoteurs, apparaît ainsi comme un moment de la modernisation de la littérature catalane. On y soutient que Salvador Espriu, Pere Quart et Gabriel Ferrater sont les poètes qui, malgré des œuvres à des intentions très différentes, font partie du Réalisme historique qu’ils ont contribué à mettre en place avec leurs œuvres publiées en 1960.
Da nuces pueris (1960) de Gabriel Ferrater: a favor de la felicitat?
Authors: Massip i Graupera Estrella
Published: June 2024

En intitulant son premier recueil de poèmes Da nuces pueris (1960), Gabriel Ferrater semble avoir accordé de manière implicite une importance primordiale au bonheur, jusqu’à en faire une exigence vitale. Le but de cette étude est de mettre en évidence la place du bonheur dans le livre.
Place et fonction des référents spatiaux et temporels dans les théâtres de Josep M. Benet i Jornet et de Sergi Belbel de 1989 à 2006 : problématique et état des lieux
Authors: Rollet Aymeric
Published: June 2024

Dans l’œuvre théâtrale de Josep M. Benet i Jornet et de Sergi Belbel, la nature et même la présence des référents spatiaux et temporels diffèrent considérablement, depuis l’ancrage explicite et assumé de l’action dramatique à une période précise et dans une géographie concrète jusqu’à l’effacement plus ou moins prononcé des référents en question, et en particulier des marqueurs d’identité. On observe, en particulier dans les pièces écrites entre 1989 et 2006, un système référentiel polymorphe et fluctuant dont il convient de déterminer l’évolution, tout en s’interrogeant sur les différents modes de représentation que l’on rencontre, et sur leur signification. Le traitement des référents en question en dit long, non seulement sur le rapport que les auteurs entretiennent avec le monde, mais aussi sur leur conception de l’écriture dramatique et du travail de création.
Dire et redire l’actualité
Authors: Bolz Lisa
Published: June 2024

La question de la « fake news » est aussi ancienne que la presse. Nous étudions l’exemple de la fausse nouvelle de la chute de Sébastopol en 1854, dont le succès dut beaucoup à la fois à une innovation technique, le télégraphe, et à la mainmise des agences de presse sur celui-ci. La vitesse de transmission autorisée par le télégraphe a conforté l’autorité de la technique et a inhibé le recul critique des journalistes sur leur pratique. Citée par tous les journaux, la nouvelle devient rapidement virale. Cet exemple permet de comprendre comment l’information s’uniformise et se constitue une représentation médiatique dont l’adéquation à la réalité est variable, en particulier en temps de guerre. Cet épisode, une fois son caractère hallucinatoire révélé, est devenu un contre-exemple qui a marqué durablement la mémoire de la presse et a donné lieu dans la presse allemande au sobriquet de Tartarenmeldung.
The slave question: Liberty and property in South Africa
Authors: Bredekamp H.C.
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Rural revolution - wheat, wool and politics in the Overberg
Authors: Wilson Julie
Published: June 2024

During the nineteenth century, the districts of Swellendam, Caledon and Bredasdorp, known collectively as the Overberg, failed to produce a commercially viable grain crop. With the rapid decrease in the size of farms, extensive cattle and sheep herding was no longer possible. Had it not boon for the swing to the wool producing Merino between c.1830 and 1840 impoverishment among the agricultural population would have reached far greater proportions. Owing to the fine wool produced in the area, the Overberg became an agriculturally and economically stable area. The flow of new capital to the area failed to convert its towns into large commercial centres, but the marked increase in income to farmers had a profound effect on Afrikaner political awareness in the area.
The 1973 Durban strikes: Of local and international significance
Authors: Wood Geoffrey
Published: June 2024

The 1973 Durban strike wave was for most people a totally unexpected event. With more than 60 000 black workers involved, it was a major cause for concern among the company owners, state officials and the public. This article evaluates the 1973 Durban strike wave and the events leading up to it. It is argued that the strike wave was the result of a combination of factors, ranging from increased inflationary pressures to a complex chain of political developments. The strike wave should be viewed in the context of the emergence of the black trade union movement and of increased socio-political conflict.
The romantic Smuts. Women and love in his life
Authors: Geyser Ockie
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.
Nutritional and psychosocial behavior during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic among children and adolescents during the curfew in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Alameey Inas R. , Aljohani Nosibh H. , Alharbi Fatimah T. , Fallatah Ghadi A. , Aldakhil Ghidaa I. , Alahmadi Bothainah L. , Alqayidi Razan H.
Published: June 2024

Background/aim

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has forced governments around the world to impose national curfew measures, which in turn have changed the dietary and lifestyle habits and psychosocial health of the world’s population, especially children and adolescents. Thus, this study was conducted in an attempt to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the nutritional and psychosocial behavior among children and adolescents during the curfew in Saudi Arabia.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted through an online questionnaire using Google Forms with a total sample of 1000 Saudi children and adolescents aged from 8 to 19 years old. Chi-square was used to compare adolescents and children in terms of dietary habits and psychosocial changes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict the risk factors for depression, inattention, hyperactivity, and aggression using sociodemographic characteristics.

Results

In this study, a significant association was found between age groups and changes in dietary habits (P <0.001) in children and adolescents during curfew. The frequency of depression (P<0.001), inattention, and hyperactivity (P <0.001) was significantly higher in the adolescents compared with the children, while aggressive behavior was significantly higher in the children (P=0.001) compared with adolescents during curfew.

Conclusion

This study reveals a significant disruption in both dietary habits and psychosocial health that occurred in adolescents and children during the curfew period. The findings underscore the need to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at supporting the nutritional and mental health needs of this group during these unprecedented times.
Assessment of the changes in nutritional and psychological behaviors of Saudi adults related to the impact of the coronavirus infectious disease-19 curfew: A cross-sectional study
Authors: El-Alameey Inas R. , Aljohani Ghadi A. , Alharbi Rawan R. , Shuwaykan Rana A. , Almutairi Amal E. , Shokr Aram A.
Published: June 2024

Background/aim

In response to the coronavirus infectious disease - 19 (COVID-19) spread, the Saudi government enforced a nationwide curfew, which in turn has influenced the dietary habits and psychological behaviors of the Saudi population. Data regarding the impact of curfew on Saudi adults are lacking. Thus, the study aims to assess the changes in nutritional and psychological behaviors of Saudi adults related to the impact of the coronavirus disease -19 curfew.

Patients and methods

This study is a cross-sectional online study among Saudi adults aged between 25 and 65. This study includes 1040 adults from different regions of Saudi Arabia. Data regarding nutritional behaviors, physical activity, weight changes, and psychological behaviors were collected via an online questionnaire. The psychological behaviors during the curfew were assessed by Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. The Chi-square test was used to test for the presence of an association between the diferent categorical variables.

Results

Out of 1040 participants, 76.9% were female, and 36.4% were aged between 46 and 65 years. Our results showed an increase in intake in dessert by 54.2%, salty snacks by 52.1%, and appetite by 48.9%. Over 24.7% and 45% of participants reported eating more meals and snacking, respectively. Half of the participants gained weight, especially among male participants (P=0.012). Physical activity had also decreased among male participants (P<0.001). The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe anxiety, stress, and depression during the curfew was noted to be 13.8, 3.7, and 8.4%, respectively, without any gender difference.

Conclusion

Public health officials should focus on increasing awareness of healthy eating habits and provide psychological support and emphasizing physical activities during the curfew.
Effect of interventional health educational program on clinical improvement in a sample of Egyptian school-age asthmatic children
Authors: El Nady Hala G. , El Refay Amira S. , Salah Dina A. , Atta Hanan , Esmail Doaa E. , Saleh Rehan M. , El Mosalami Dalia M.
Published: June 2024

Background/aim

Asthma is one of the most widespread chronic disorders. To achieve better control over the disease, health intervention education programs could be applied to manage asthma and its consequences effectively to have a better quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of interventional health education programs on asthma symptoms and the quality of life of Egyptian asthmatic children.

Patients and methods

This study was conducted as an interventional study on asthmatic children and patients aged 6–16 years. Potential asthmatics according to GINA guidelines were enrolled in the study. Pulmonary function tests were applied including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio. 97 asthmatic cases were evaluated by asthma scoring, asthma control, and pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire. All the study procedures were conducted at the start of the study and after applying the educational intervention program.

Results

The present results reported marked significant improvement (P<0.05) in the respiratory symptoms after the application of the intervention education program including cough, night symptoms, dyspnea, and chest pain. In addition significant improvement (P<0.05) occurred in the posteducational pulmonary function tests, including FEV1, prebronchodilator and postbronchodilators while there is no significant difference pre and postbronchodilator, FVC compared with the pre-educational pulmonary function tests.

Conclusion

The interventional health education program has been useful for the improvement of clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, and quality of life of Egyptian school-age asthmatic patients and the performance of their families.
Intraocular lens selection in diabetic patients: How to increase the odds for success
Authors: Morya Arvind Kumar , Nishant Prateek , Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Sinha Sony , Heda Aarti , Salodia Sarika , Prasad Ripunjay
Published: June 2024

The incidence of cataracts is significantly higher in diabetic individuals, particularly in younger age groups, with rates quadrupled in those under 65 and doubled in those over 65 compared to non-diabetics. Cataract surgery in diabetic patients poses many challenges: Poor epithelial healing, decreased corneal sensitivity, increased central corneal thickness, decreased endothelial cell count, variable topography, poor pupillary dilatation, anterior capsular phimosis, posterior capsular opacification (PCO), chances of progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), zonular weakness, and vitreous prolapse and diabetic macular edema. Selection of an appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) is crucial for visual rehabilitation and monitoring DR. The choice of IOL in diabetic cataract patients is a challenging scenario. Square-edge IOLs are favored for their capacity to mitigate PCO, whereas hydrophilic counterparts may incur calcification in the setting of proliferative DR. The advisability of premium IOLs for achieving spectacle independence warrants judicious evaluation, particularly in the presence of advanced retinopathy. Optimal IOL placement within the capsular bag is advocated to minimize postoperative complications. Rigorous preoperative assessment and informed patient counseling regarding IOL options are indispensable for optimizing surgical outcomes. This review article covers various aspects regarding the choice of IOLs in different case scenarios and complications in the diabetic population.
Close Proximity to Mining Is Associated with Increased Prevalence of the Drug Resistance–Associated Mutation dhps540E in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Mitchell Cedar L. , Janko Mark M. , Verity Robert , Kashamuka Melchior M. , Bailey Jeffrey A. , Tshefu Antoinette K. , Parr Jonathan B. , Juliano Jonathan J.
Published: June 2024

Increasing sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) resistance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has threatened its use for prevention of malaria in one of the most malarious countries in the world. Using geographic information on mining operations in the DRC and genetic data on SP drug resistance markers from the 2013–2014 Demographic and Health Surveys, we evaluated associations between close residence to mining and the presence of mutations conferring resistance to sulfadoxine. Close residential proximity to mining was associated with increased prevalence odds ratio (POR) of the dhps540E mutation (POR: 2.11, 95% uncertainty interval: 1.15–3.96) with adjustments for confounding variables and space. Our findings indicate that exposure to mining is associated with increased presence of an antimalarial drug resistance haplotype that threatens effective use of SP for vulnerable populations. Areas actively engaged in mining could be considered for interventions to reduce the spread of emerging drug resistance in the DRC.
SOSYAL HİZMET PERSPEKTİFİNDEN KANSER HASTALARININ YAŞADIĞI SORUNLAR VE BAŞA ÇIKMA MEKANİZMALARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Assadı Mira , Aydın Nihal
Published: June 2024

Kanser, vücudun herhangi bir organında veya dokusunda kontrolsüz hücre büyümesi ve çoğalması sonucu ortaya çıkan bir hastalıktır. Kanser, günümüzde giderek artan bir hastalık olmakta ve sağlık ve sosyal hizmetlerin bütüncül bir şekilde ilgilenmesi gereken bir alan oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, sosyal hizmet perspektifinden kanser hastalarının yaşadıkları sorunları ve bu sorunlarla başa çıkma mekanizmaları anlamak ve ihtiyaç duydukları sosyal hizmet uygulamalarını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada nitel yöntem kullanılmış ve derinlemesine görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler demografik bilgi formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme soru listesi aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul’da ikamet eden 15 gönüllü hastaya kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları, kanser hastalarının yaşadığı zorlukların temaları ve kanser hastalarının zorluklarla başa çıkma temaları altında ele alınmıştır. Kanser hastalarının yaşadığı zorlukların temaları; hastalığı kabul etmemek, psiko-duygusal zorluklar, fiziksel değişim, sosyal zorluklar ve ekonomik zorluklar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Kanser hastalarının zorluklarla başa çıkma temaları ise; kadercilik, olumlu düşünme ve öz bakımı önemsemek olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre onkolojik sosyal hizmet bağlamında kanser hastalarının hastalık hakkında bilgilendirilmesi, hastanın kendisine ve ailesine psikososyal desteğin sağlanması, toplum temelli farkındalık oluşturan çalışmaların yapılması, ekonomik desteğin sağlanması ve destek gruplarının oluşturulması önerilmektedir.
Stability of longwall face adjacent to gateroads
Authors: Le Dung Tien , . Tung Manh Bui , . Khai Cao Nguyen , Do Hung Xuan ,   Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam
  Research Group Sustainable Development of Mining Science, Technology and Environment (SDM), Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam
  Vang Danh Coal Joint Stock Company - Vinacomin, Quang Ninh, Vietnam
Published: June 2024

Longwall is the widely used mining method in the word and in Vietnam due to the high production and high level of safety. To maintain production as scheduled, the stability of a longwall face is of great importance, especially at areas adjacent to gateroads where ground pressure is strongly concentrated. This paper presents a study on the stability of longwall faces adjacent to gateroads under medium and hard-to-cave roofs. By using theoretical and field measurement methods, the authors conclude that in such geological conditions, the ground pressure at face adjacent to gateroads increases and decreases cyclically. At the study site, the ground pressure fluctuates in the range of 20÷26 MPa, and the piston chainage changes in the range of 0.6÷0.9 m. The face stability is closely related to ground pressure and roof stability. The study demonstrates that the face area near tailgate appears to be less stable compared to that near maingate, and initial signs of roof weighting can occur. The paper’s results serve as fundamental science assisting mining engineers in better identifying longwall face stability, from which effective prevention and remedy measures can be developed.