bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Study of a Novel Explosively Hardened Pure Titanium Alloy for Medical Applications
Authors: Gloc Michał , Przybysz Sylwia , Dulnik Judyta , Kołbuk Dorota , Wachowski Marcin , Kosturek Robert , Ślęzak Tomasz , Krawczyńska Agnieszka , Ciupiński Łukasz
Published: November 2023

Pure titanium is gaining increasing interest due to its potential use in dental and orthopedic applications. Due to its relatively weak mechanical parameters, a limited number of components manufactured from pure titanium are available on the market. In order to improve the mechanical parameters of pure titanium, manufacturers use alloys containing cytotoxic vanadium and aluminum. This paper presents unique explosive hardening technology that can be used to strengthen pure titanium parameters. The analysis confirms that explosive induced α-ω martensitic transformation and crystallographic anisotropy occurred due to the explosive pressure. The mechanical properties related to residual stresses are very nonuniform. The corrosion properties of the explosive hardened pure titanium test do not change significantly compared to nonhardened titanium. The biocompatibility of all the analyzed samples was confirmed in several tests. The morphology of bone cells does not depend on the titanium surface phase composition and crystallographic orientation.
Turning Waste into Treasure: The Full Technological Process and Product Performance Characterization of Flushable Wet Wipes Prepared from Corn Stalk
Authors: Liu Lulu , Wang Yeying , He Ziying , Cai Yang , Meng Kai , Zhang Ke-Qin , Zhao Huijing
Published: November 2023

As a daily consumable, wet wipes are mostly synthetic fibers, which are incinerated or landfilled after use. The nanoplastics generated during this process will lead to environmental pollution. The application of flushable wet wipes, which are dispersible and fully degradable, is of great significance. The main raw material for flushable wipes is wood pulp, which has a long growth cycle and high cost. Corn is widely planted and has a short growth cycle. Currently most corn stalk is treated by incineration, which produces a lot of smoke that pollutes the environment. Therefore, using corn stalk as the raw material for flushable wet wipes, replacing wood pulp, is both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. In this study, aiming at industrial production, we explored the full process of producing flushable wet wipes from corn stalk to pulp board, then to the final wipes. The corn stalk was treated using alkali and a bleaching agent to obtain corn stalk pulp, which was then made into pulp board through the nonwoven wet-laid process. The optimal parameters for the alkali treatment and bleaching were obtained. The properties of the corn stalk pulp board were compared with the commercial wood pulp board. Further, we mixed the corn stalk pulp with Lyocell fiber to prepare wet-laid webs, which were then bonded using a chemical binder poloxamer. Then, the evenness of the web, mechanical properties, absorption, and dispersibility of the flushable wipes were characterized. Results showed that the pulp obtained using the optimal treatment process has a high yield and better whiteness. The properties of the corn stalk pulp board are comparable with the commercial wood pulp board, which can therefore potentially be replaced by the corn stalk board prepared in our study. The prepared flushable wet wipes had good evenness and their water absorption rate was more than 600%. The mechanical strength in dry and wet states achieved 595.94 N/m and 179.00 N/m, respectively. Most importantly, the wet wipes can completely disperse under the standardized testing method. A good balance of dispersibility and wet strength of the wet wipes was achieved.
Diameter Estimate in Geometric Flows
Authors: Fang Shouwen , Zheng Tao
Published: November 2023

We prove the upper and lower bounds of the diameter of a compact manifold (M,g(t)) with dimRM=n(n≥3) and a family of Riemannian metrics g(t) satisfying some geometric flows. Except for Ricci flow, these flows include List–Ricci flow, harmonic-Ricci flow, and Lorentzian mean curvature flow on an ambient Lorentzian manifold with non-negative sectional curvature.
Lump Waves in a Spatial Symmetric Nonlinear Dispersive Wave Model in (2+1)-Dimensions
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to search for lump waves in a spatial symmetric (2+1)-dimensional dispersive wave model. Through an ansatz on positive quadratic functions, we conduct symbolic computations with Maple to generate lump waves for the proposed nonlinear model. A line of critical points of the lump waves is computed, whose two spatial coordinates travel at constant speeds. The corresponding maximum and minimum values are evaluated in terms of the wave numbers, and interestingly, all those extreme values do not change with time, either. The last section is the conclusion.
Using Quantitative Hormone Monitoring to Identify the Postpartum Return of Fertility
Authors: Bouchard Thomas P. , Schweinsberg Katherine , Smith Amanda , Schneider Mary
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: The Marquette Method (MM) has been used for many years to track the postpartum return of fertility using the ClearBlue Fertility Monitor (CBFM). A new quantitative urine hormone monitor (the Mira Analyzer) was compared to the CBFM in one previous study, and using this pilot data, several women have started to use the Mira Analyzer in the postpartum transition to fertility. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective, observational case series that analyzed hormone data on the Mira Analyzer during the postpartum period. Participants were invited to share their postpartum cycle and hormone observations. Quantitative hormones in the urine included estrone-3-glucuronide (E3G), luteinizing hormone (LH), and pregnanediol glucuronide (PDG). Data were collected using an electronic survey and an online portal for hormone data. Data collected included participant demographics, menstrual cycle characteristics, and reproductive health history. Hormone range values were calculated, and thresholds were identified that would best predict the first ovulation that led to the first postpartum menstrual period, as well as in transition cycles. Hormone patterns were identified in the context of previous studies. Results: Twenty participants contributed data for the analysis. Triggering ovulation before the first period postpartum (Cycle 0) usually required higher LH thresholds than for regularly cycling women. Three different patterns were observed in the return of fertility postpartum: minimal ovarian activity, follicular activity without ovulation, and the early return of fertility. Abstinence rates for avoiding pregnancy with experimental thresholds were calculated. Conclusions: Higher LH thresholds in Cycle 0 suggest a decreased responsiveness of the ovaries to LH stimulation from the pituitary. This study replicates postpartum hormone patterns from a previous study. Larger studies are planned to evaluate the effectiveness for avoiding pregnancy using the Mira Analyzer in the postpartum return of fertility.
Relationship between Sleep Quality and Shoulder Disorders in People with Stroke
Authors: Al Battat Manal M. , Etoom Mohammad , Alghwiri Alia A.
Published: November 2023

Background and objective: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality (SQ) and shoulder disorders in people after a stroke. The secondary aim was to explore the relationship between SQ and stroke outcomes, including the impact of stroke, fatigue, and quality of life (QOL). Material and Methods: A sample of 94 stroke patients was included. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess SQ, whereas the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) was utilized to assess shoulder pain and disability. The Stroke Impact Scale 16, the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 were also used as secondary measures. Results: The prevalence of poor SQ, shoulder pain, and shoulder disability in our sample was 60%, 78%, and 85%, respectively. The global PSQI score had a significant association with the SPADI pain subscale. There were some significant correlations between the PSQI subscales and shoulder pain and disability. The PSQI significantly correlated with stroke recovery, fatigue, and QOL. The daytime dysfunction PSQI subscale was significantly correlated with all shoulder and stroke outcomes and their subscale. Conclusion: SQ was associated more with the non-motor outcomes of stroke, including pain, cognitive fatigue, and mental status, than the motor outcomes. Considering SQ during upper extremity rehabilitation and care processes is essential.
Regeneration of Intrabony Defects Using a Novel Magnesium Membrane
Authors: Hangyasi David Botond , Körtvélyessy Győző , Blašković Marko , Rider Patrick , Rogge Svenja , Siber Stjepan , Kačarević Željka Perić , Čandrlić Marija
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Due to their specific morphology, the regeneration of intrabony defects (IBDs) represents one of the greatest challenges for clinicians. Based on the specific properties of a magnesium membrane, a new approach for the surgical treatment of IBD was developed. The surgical procedure was described using a series of three cases. Materials and Methods: The patients were healthy individuals suffering from a severe form of periodontitis associated with IBD. Based on radiographic examination, the patients had interproximal bone loss of at least 4 mm. Due to its good mechanical properties, it was easy to cut and shape the magnesium membrane into three different shapes to treat the specific morphology of each IBD. In accordance with the principles of guided bone regeneration, a bovine xenograft was used to fill the IBD in all cases. Results: After a healing period of 4 to 6 months, successful bone regeneration was confirmed using radiological analysis. The periodontal probing depth (PPD) after healing showed a reduction of 1.66 ± 0.29 mm. Conclusions: Overall, the use of the different shapes of the magnesium membrane in the treatment of IBD resulted in a satisfactory functional and esthetic outcome.
Development of a Predictive Statistical Pharmacological Model for Local Anesthetic Agent Effects with Bayesian Hierarchical Model Parameter Estimation
Authors: Ara Toshiaki , Kitamura Hiroyuki
Published: November 2023

As an alternative to animal use, computer simulations are useful for predicting pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular activities. For this purpose, we constructed a statistical model to simulate the effects of local anesthetic agents. To train the model, animal experiments were performed on 6-week-old male Hartley guinea pigs. Firstly, the guinea pigs’ backs were shaved, then local anesthetic agents were subcutaneously injected, with subsequent stimulation of the anesthetized site with a needle six times at regular intervals. The number of reactions (score value) was counted. In this statistical model, the probability of reacting to needle stimulation was calculated using the elapsed time, type of local anesthetic agent, and presence or absence of adrenaline. Score values were assumed to follow a binomial distribution at the calculated probability. Parameters were estimated using the Bayesian hierarchical model and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo method. The predicted curves using the estimated parameters fitted well the observed animal values. When score values were predicted using randomly generated parameters, the median of duration was similar between animal experiments and simulations (Procaine: 55 min vs. 50 min, Lidocaine: both 60 min, and Mepivacaine: both 85 min). This approach effectively modeled the effects of local anesthetic agents. It is possible to create the simulator using the parameter values estimated in this study.
Silicon Effect and Microstructural Evolution of Hot Dip Galvanized Coating of Structural Steels
Authors: Sánchez Christian , Bustos Oscar , Artigas Alfredo , Bruna Hector
Published: November 2023

The microstructure of the coating during hot-dip galvanizing under industrial conditions of two structural steels, a low-silicon ASTM A36 steel and a high-silicon Q345B steel, both of commercial grade, have been characterized for industrial-relevant times. In both cases, it is noted that the formation of the Fe–Zn phases begins in the early stages in the heating step of the steel, a situation in which all the phases are in the solid state. These last observations have been taken into consideration and the microstructures of short times are analyzed, showing that the effect of silicon is present at longer times. The characterization was carried out through traditional metallographic techniques including SEM-EDS and XRD equipment. The evolution in time of the microstructure of both steels is examined, being able to observe that the mechanism by which silicon accelerates the formation of Fe–Zn phases in galvanizing is related to the presence of the liquid phase in contact with the ζ layer formed in earlier times, accumulating silicon in the ζ–liquid interphase. These results are directing the analysis towards proposing the hypothesis of a mechanism of penetration of the liquid phase through ζ–ζ boundaries by variations in the surface free energies that allow the penetration of the liquid phase according to the Gibbs Smith condition. Finally, the observations provided us with a deeper understanding of the phase evolution in the hot-dip galvanizing of high silicon steels.
Mitigating Stress Corrosion Cracking of 304L and 316L Laser Welds in a Salt Spray through Micro-Shot Peening
Authors: Kang Chia-Ying , Chen Tai-Cheng , Shiue Ren-Kae , Tsay Leu-Wen
Published: November 2023

Two austenitic stainless steel (ASS) plates, 304L and 316L, were cold-rolled (304R and 316R) with a 10% reduction in thickness and then subjected to laser welding. Cold rolling caused slight surface hardening and introduced residual tensile stress into the ASS plates. The susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the welds (304RW and 316RW) was determined using the U-bend test pieces in a salt spray. To highlight the stress concentration at the weld’s fusion boundary (FB), the top weld reinforcement was not ground off before bending. Moreover, micro-shot peening (MSP) was performed to mitigate the SCC of the welds by imposing high residual compressive stress and forming a fine-grained structure. Cold rolling increased the susceptibility of the 304R specimen to pitting corrosion and intergranular (IG) microcracking. Moreover, pitting corrosion and SCC were found more often at the FBs of the 304RW. The corrosion pits of the peened 304RW (304RWSP) were finer but greater in amount than the those of the un-peened one. The results also indicated that the 316L ASS welds with MSP were resistant to the incidence of pitting corrosion and SCC in a salt spray. The better reliability and longer service life of dry storage canisters could be achieved by using 316L ASS for the construction and application of MSP on it.
Mass Spectrometry Chromatography-Based Metabolomics: The Effect of Long-Term Aerobic Exercise on Learning Ability and the Metabolism of Intestinal Contents in Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Xue , Zhang Yuanting , Ding Xianyi , Jin Yu , Wei Changling , Xu Jisheng
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on the metabolism of intestinal contents in APP/PS1 mice was studied using a non-targeted metabolomics technique based on high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) coupling, providing a theoretical basis for exercise to regulate the metabolism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) organisms. Three-month-old male C57BL/6JNju mice, six wild-type (NC, n = 6); 12 APP/PS1 double transgenic species in total, were randomly divided into AD model (AM, n = 6) and AD model exercise (AE, n = 6) groups. The mice in the NC group were fed naturally, the mice in the AM group were statically placed on a running platform, and the mice in the AE group received a 20-week long-term moderate intensity running platform exercise intervention. Following the exercise intervention, the cecum contents of the mice in each group were collected and analyzed using the HPLC-MS technique, with those meeting both variable important in projection (VIP)> 1.5 and p < 0.05 being screened as differential metabolites. A total of 32 different metabolites were detected between the AM and NC groups, with 19 up-regulated in the AM group such as phosphatidic acid (PA) (18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)/21:0) and 13 down-regulated in the AM group, such as 4,8-dimethylnonanoyl, compared to the NC group; 98 different metabolites were found between the AM and AE groups, 41 of which were upregulated such as Lyso phosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and 57 of which were downregulated compared to the AM group such as Phosphatidylinositol (PI). The regulation of linoleic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, bile secretion, phenylalanine metabolism, and other pathways was predominantly regulated by nine metabolites, which were subsequently identified as indicators of exercise intervention to enhance metabolism in AD mice. The metabolomic technique can identify the metabolic problems of intestinal contents in AD mice and initially screen the biomarkers of exercise to improve the metabolic disorders in AD. These findings can help us better understand the impact of aerobic exercise on AD metabolism.
The Mechanism of Mori Folium and Eucommiae Cortex against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression Integrating Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Experimental Validation
Authors: Liu Jinde , Rong Qiao , Zhang Chunxiao , Tariq Ali , Li Lin , Wu Yongning , Sun Feifei
Published: November 2023

It has been reported that Mori Folium (MF) and Eucommiae Cortex (EC) exhibit pharmacological effects in the treatment of immunosuppression. However, the mechanism of MF and EC against immunosuppression remains unclear. This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of MF and EC for the treatment of immunosuppression through network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and animal experiments. As a result, 11 critical components, 9 hub targets, and related signaling pathways in the treatment of immunosuppression were obtained based on network pharmacology. The molecular docking suggested that 11 critical components exhibited great binding affinity to 9 hub targets of immunosuppression. The molecular dynamics simulations results showed that (-)-tabernemontanine-AR, beta-sitosterol-AR and Dehydrodieugenol-HSP90AA1 complexes are stably bound. Additionally, in the animal experiments, the treated group results compared to the control group suggest that MF and EC have a significant effect on the treatment of immunosuppression. Therefore, MF and EC treatment for immunosuppression may take effects in a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway manner. The results herein may provide novel insights into the treatment of immunosuppression in humans.
The Emerging Therapeutic Role of Prostaglandin E2 Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ye Lan , Wang Bing , Xu Hu , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: November 2023

Mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by narrowing and thickening of the pulmonary arteries, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and ultimately leading to right ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary vascular remodeling in COPD is the main reason for the increase of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). The pathogenesis of PH in COPD is complex and multifactorial, involving chronic inflammation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. To date, prostacyclin and its analogues are widely used to prevent PH progression in clinical. These drugs have potent anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and stimulating endothelial regeneration properties, bringing therapeutic benefits to the slowing, stabilization, and even some reversal of vascular remodeling. As another well-known and extensively researched prostaglandins, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its downstream signaling have been found to play an important role in various biological processes. Emerging evidence has revealed that PGE2 and its receptors (i.e., EP1–4) are involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular homeostasis and remodeling. This review focuses on the research progress of the PGE2 signaling pathway in PH and discusses the possibility of treating PH based on the PGE2 signaling pathway.
Diffuse Optical Monitoring of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Oxygen Metabolism during and after Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Hematocrit Correction and Neurological Vulnerability
Authors: Benson Emilie J. , Aronowitz Danielle I. , Forti Rodrigo M. , Lafontant Alec , Ranieri Nicolina R. , Starr Jonathan P. , Melchior Richard W. , Lewis Alistair , Jahnavi Jharna , Breimann Jake , Yun Bohyun , Laurent Gerard H. , Lynch Jennifer M. , White Brian R. , Gaynor J. William , Licht Daniel J. , Yodh Arjun G. , Kilbaugh Todd J. , Mavroudis Constantine D. , Baker Wesley B. , Ko Tiffany S.
Published: November 2023

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) provides cerebral oxygenation and blood flow (CBF) during neonatal congenital heart surgery, but the impacts of CPB on brain oxygen supply and metabolic demands are generally unknown. To elucidate this physiology, we used diffuse correlation spectroscopy and frequency-domain diffuse optical spectroscopy to continuously measure CBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and oxygen metabolism (CMRO2) in 27 neonatal swine before, during, and up to 24 h after CPB. Concurrently, we sampled cerebral microdialysis biomarkers of metabolic distress (lactate–pyruvate ratio) and injury (glycerol). We applied a novel theoretical approach to correct for hematocrit variation during optical quantification of CBF in vivo. Without correction, a mean (95% CI) +53% (42, 63) increase in hematocrit resulted in a physiologically improbable +58% (27, 90) increase in CMRO2 relative to baseline at CPB initiation; following correction, CMRO2 did not differ from baseline at this timepoint. After CPB initiation, OEF increased but CBF and CMRO2 decreased with CPB time; these temporal trends persisted for 0–8 h following CPB and coincided with a 48% (7, 90) elevation of glycerol. The temporal trends and glycerol elevation resolved by 8–24 h. The hematocrit correction improved quantification of cerebral physiologic trends that precede and coincide with neurological injury following CPB.
Assessing the Biological Mechanisms Linking Smoking Behavior and Cognitive Function: A Mediation Analysis of Untargeted Metabolomics
Authors: Choi Jerome J. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Jonaitis Erin M. , Panyard Daniel J. , Morrow Autumn R. , Johnson Sterling C. , Engelman Corinne D. , Schmitz Lauren L.
Published: November 2023

(1) Smoking is the most significant preventable health hazard in the modern world. It increases the risk of vascular problems, which are also risk factors for dementia. In addition, toxins in cigarettes increase oxidative stress and inflammation, which have both been linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). This study identified potential mechanisms of the smoking–cognitive function relationship using metabolomics data from the longitudinal Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP). (2) 1266 WRAP participants were included to assess the association between smoking status and four cognitive composite scores. Next, untargeted metabolomic data were used to assess the relationships between smoking and metabolites. Metabolites significantly associated with smoking were then tested for association with cognitive composite scores. Total effect models and mediation models were used to explore the role of metabolites in smoking-cognitive function pathways. (3) Plasma N-acetylneuraminate was associated with smoking status Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite 3 (PACC3) and Immediate Learning (IMM). N-acetylneuraminate mediated 12% of the smoking-PACC3 relationship and 13% of the smoking-IMM relationship. (4) These findings provide links between previous studies that can enhance our understanding of potential biological pathways between smoking and cognitive function.
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Underlying Response Mechanism to Salt Stress in Maize Seedling Roots
Authors: Zhang Chen , Chen Bin , Zhang Ping , Han Qinghui , Zhao Guangwu , Zhao Fucheng
Published: November 2023

Crop growth and development can be impeded by salt stress, leading to a significant decline in crop yield and quality. This investigation performed a comparative analysis of the physiological responses of two maize inbred lines, namely L318 (CML115) and L323 (GEMS58), under salt-stress conditions. The results elucidated that CML115 exhibited higher salt tolerance compared with GEMS58. Transcriptome analysis of the root system revealed that DEGs shared by the two inbred lines were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway–plant and plant hormone signal transduction, which wield an instrumental role in orchestrating the maize response to salt-induced stress. Furthermore, the DEGs’ exclusivity to salt-tolerant genotypes was associated with sugar metabolism pathways, and these unique DEGs may account for the disparities in salt tolerance between the two genotypes. Meanwhile, we investigated the dynamic global transcriptome in the root systems of seedlings at five time points after salt treatment and compared transcriptome data from different genotypes to examine the similarities and differences in salt tolerance mechanisms of different germplasms.
QGWFQS: A Queue-Group-Based Weight Fair Queueing Scheduler on FPGA
Authors: Guo Yunfei , Guo Zhichuan , Song Xiaoyong , Song Mangu
Published: November 2023

Weight Fair Queuing is an ideal scheduling algorithm to guarantee the bandwidth of different queues according to their configured Weights when the switching nodes of the network are congested. Many of the switching nodes based on FPGA in the current network support four physical ports or hundreds of virtual ports. Massive logic and storage resources would be consumed if each port implemented a WFQ scheduler. This paper proposes a Queue-Group-Based WFQ Scheduler (QGWFQS), which can support WFQ scheduling across multiple ports through the reuse of tag calculation and encoding circuits. We also propose a novel finish tag calculation algorithm to accommodate the variation in the link rate of each port. The remainder of integer division is also taken into account, which makes the bandwidth allocation fairer. Experimental results show that the proposed scheduler supports up to 512 ports, with 32 queues allocated on each individual port. The scheduler has the capability to operate at 200 MHz and the total scheduling capacity reaches 200 Mpps.
Coupled Nanomechanical Graphene Resonators: A Promising Platform for Scalable NEMS Networks
Authors: Carter Brittany , Hernandez Uriel F. , Miller David J. , Blaikie Andrew , Horowitz Viva R. , Alemán Benjamín J.
Published: November 2023

Arrays of coupled nanoelectromechanical resonators are a promising foundation for implementing large-scale network applications, such as mechanical-based information processing and computing, but their practical realization remains an outstanding challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a scalable platform of suspended graphene resonators, such that neighboring resonators are persistently coupled mechanically. We provide evidence of strong coupling between neighboring resonators using two different tuning methods. Additionally, we provide evidence of inter-resonator coupling of higher-order modes, demonstrating the rich dynamics that can be accessed with this platform. Our results establish this platform as a viable option for realizing large-scale programmable networks, enabling applications such as phononic circuits, tunable waveguides, and reconfigurable metamaterials.
Melipona scutellaris Geopropolis: Chemical Composition and Bioactivity
Authors: Coutinho Sónia , Matos Vanessa , Seixas Natália , Rodrigues Hellen , Paula Vanessa B. , Freitas Lais , Dias Teresa , Santos Francisco de Assis Ribeiro , Dias Luís G. , Estevinho Letícia M.
Published: November 2023

Geopropolis has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. In this study, the botanical origin, physicochemical profile, and biological activities of geopropolis from Melipona scutellaris harvested during rainy and dry seasons were investigated. Palynological analysis identified over 50 pollen types, with Schinus terebinthifolius and Cecropia being the predominant types. The analytical results were in line with those reported in the literature. Rainy-season geopropolis exhibited higher total phenol and flavonoid content (determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography—25.13% and 3.92%, respectively) compared to the dry season (19.30% and 2.09%); the major peaks (naringin, gallic acid, and catechin) were similar among samples. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via DPPH, reducing power, and β-carotene/linoleic acid discoloration assays. Rainy-season samples displayed superior antioxidant activity across methods. Antimicrobial effects were determined using microdilution, while the impact on the cholinesterase enzyme was quantified using 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid accumulation. Anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic activities were assessed through hyaluronidase enzyme inhibition and by utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC-20113 cells. Both samples exhibited anti-inflammatory and antimutagenic properties. Moreover, a significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was observed, with IC50 values of 0.35 µg/mL during the rainy season and 0.28 µg/mL during the dry season. Additionally, the geopropolis displayed antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of M. scutellaris geopropolis in the context of inflammatory, oxidative, and infectious diseases.
Using Discrete-Event Simulation to Balance Staff Allocation and Patient Flow between Clinic and Surgery
Authors: Forbus John J. , Berleant Daniel
Published: November 2023

We consider the problem of system-level balanced scheduling in a pediatric hospital setting. A hospital clinic has a queue for patients needing care. After being seen in clinic, many require follow-up surgery, for which they also wait in a queue. The rate-limiting factor is physician availability for both clinic visits and surgical cases. Although much existing work has been done to optimize clinic appointments, as well as to optimize surgical appointments, this novel approach models the entire patient journey at the system level, through both clinic and surgery, to optimize the total patient experience. A discrete-event simulation model of the system was built based on historic patient encounter data and validated. The system model was then optimized to determine the best allocation of physician resources across the system to minimize total patient wait time using machine learning. The results were then compared to baseline.
3D-Printed Piezoelectret Based on Foamed Polylactic Acid for Energy-Harvesting and Sensing Applications
Authors: Perna Gabriele , Bonacci Francesco , Caponi Silvia , Clementi Giacomo , Di Michele Alessandro , Gammaitoni Luca , Mattarelli Maurizio , Neri Igor , Puglia Debora , Cottone Francesco
Published: November 2023

Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) is a bio-compatible polymer widely used in additive manufacturing, and in the form of cellular foam it shows excellent mechanical and piezoelectric properties. This type of structure can be easily 3D-printed by Fusion Deposition Modelling (FDM) with commercially available composite filaments. In this work, we present mechanical and electrical investigations on 3D-printed low-cost and eco-friendly foamed PLA. The cellular microstructure and the foaming degree were tuned by varying extrusion temperature and flowrate. The maximum surface potential and charge stability of disk samples were found in correspondence of extrusion temperature between 230 and 240 °C with a flowrate of 53–44% when charging on a heated bed at 85 °C. The cells’ morphology and correlated mechanical properties were analyzed and the measured piezoelectric d33 coefficient was found to be 212 pC/N. These findings show the importance of printing parameters and thermal treatment during the charging process in order to obtain the highest charge storage, stability and material flexibility. These results suggest that 3D-printed cellular PLA is a promising sustainable material for sensing and energy-harvesting applications.
A Nanograss Boron and Nitrogen Co-Doped Diamond Sensor Produced via High-Temperature Annealing for the Detection of Cadmium Ions
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxi , Liang Yaqi , Yang Mingchao , Cheng Shaoheng , Gao Nan , Zhu Yongfu , Li Hongdong
Published: November 2023

The high-performance determination of heavy metal ions (Cd2+) in water sources is significant for the protection of public health and safety. We have developed a novel sensor of nanograss boron and nitrogen co-doped diamond (NGBND) to detect Cd2+ using a simple method without any masks or reactive ion etching. The NGBND electrode is constructed based on the co-doped diamond growth mode and the removal of the non-diamond carbon (NDC) from the NGBND/NDC composite. Both the enlarged surface area and enhanced electrochemical performance of the NGBND film are achievable. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) were used to characterize the NGBND electrodes. Furthermore, we used a finite element numerical method to research the current density near the tip of NGBND. The NGBND sensor exhibits significant advantages for detecting trace Cd2+ via DPASV. A broad linear range of 1 to 100 μg L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.28 μg L−1 was achieved. The successful application of this Cd2+ sensor indicates considerable promise for the sensitive detection of heavy metal ions.
Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Water-Splitting Reaction of Titanate Nanotubes Sensitised with Ru(II) Bipyridyl Complex
Authors: Malizia Mauro , Scott Stuart A. , Torrente-Murciano Laura , Boies Adam M. , Aljohani Talal A. , Baldovi Herme G.
Published: November 2023

The ion exchange of Na+ cations was used to photosensitise titanates nanotubes (Ti-NTs) with tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) cations (Ru(bpy)32+); this yielded a light-sensitised Ti-NTs composite denoted as (Ru(bpy)3)Ti-NTs, exhibiting the characteristic absorption of Ru(bpy)32+ in visible light. Incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) measurements and the photocatalytic reduction of methyl viologen reaction confirmed that in the photosensitisation of the (Ru(bpy)3)Ti-NTs composite, charge transfer and charge separation occur upon excitation by ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic potential of titanate nanotubes was tested in the water-splitting reaction and the H2 evolution reaction using a sacrificial agent and showed photocatalytic activity under various light sources, including xenon–mercury lamp, simulated sunlight, and visible light. Notably, in the conditions of the H2 evolution reaction when (Ru(bpy)3)Ti-NTs were submitted to simulated sunlight, they exceeded the photocatalytic activity of pristine Ti-NTs and TiO2 by a factor of 3 and 3.5 times, respectively. Also, (Ru(bpy)3)Ti-NTs achieved the photocatalytic water-splitting reaction under simulated sunlight and visible light, producing, after 4 h, 199 and 282 μmol×H2×gcat−1. These results confirm the effective electron transfer of Ru(bpy)3 to titanate nanotubes. The stability of the photocatalyst was evaluated by a reuse test of four cycles of 24 h reactions without considerable loss of catalytic activity and crystallinity.
LADON, a Natural Antisense Transcript of NODAL, Promotes Tumour Progression and Metastasis in Melanoma
Authors: Dutriaux Annie , Diazzi Serena , Bresesti Chiara , Hardouin Sylvie , Deshayes Frédérique , Collignon Jérôme , Flagiello Domenico
Published: November 2023

The TGFβ family member NODAL, repeatedly required during embryonic development, has also been associated with tumour progression. Our aim was to clarify the controversy surrounding its involvement in melanoma tumour progression. We found that the deletion of the NODAL exon 2 in a metastatic melanoma cell line impairs its ability to form tumours and colonize distant tissues. However, we show that this phenotype does not result from the absence of NODAL, but from a defect in the expression of a natural antisense transcript of NODAL, here called LADON. We show that LADON expression is specifically activated in metastatic melanoma cell lines, that its transcript is packaged in exosomes secreted by melanoma cells, and that, via its differential impact on the expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressors, it promotes the mesenchymal to amoeboid transition that is critical for melanoma cell invasiveness. LADON is, therefore, a new player in the regulatory network governing tumour progression in melanoma and possibly in other types of cancer.
Examining the Usage Patterns of Non-Nutritive Sweeteners among Non-Diabetic Individuals: Insights from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Moreira Taiz Karla Brunetti , Santos Hully Cantão dos , Mendes Fernanda Duarte , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Mill José Geraldo , Faria Carolina Perim de
Published: November 2023

Background: Although non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) were formulated primarily for sugar-restricted diets, nowadays, their consumption has become widespread among the general population. Thus, the purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of the regular use of NNSs and their associated factors among non-diabetic individuals from the baseline of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods: In total, 9226 individuals were analysed, and the regular consumption of NNSs was defined as follows: NSSs are used at least once a day. Associations between exposure and outcomes were analysed using chi-square and Student’s t-tests. Significant variables were inserted into a binary logistic regression model to determine the adjusted association measures (significance level of 5%). Results: The prevalence of regular NNS consumption was 25.7%. Regular NNS consumption increased with age, categories of BMI, income, and schooling. The odds of regularly consuming NNSs were 1.9-times higher among women, 6.1-times higher among obese individuals, and 1.8-times higher among those with higher schooling and income. Conclusions: Specific groups seem to present a larger association relative to the use of NNS. Based on the significant overall prevalence of the regular use of NNSs, a discussion regarding country-wide policies related to their intake is needed to address recent WHO directions concerning this additive.
Predictive Value of the Hemoglobin-Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Tohyama Momoko , Shirai Yuka , Shimizu Miho , Kato Yuki , Kokura Yoji , Momosaki Ryo
Published: November 2023

Malnutrition prevails among patients with heart failure (HF), increasing the likelihood of functional decline. We assessed the predictive value of the Hemoglobin-Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (H-GNRI)—combining hemoglobin and the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI)—on prognosis in older patients with HF. We used the JMDC multicenter database to examine the potential associations between malnutrition risk and other outcome measures. The patients were categorized as low- (H-GNRI score = 2), intermediate- (H-GNRI score = 1), or high-risk (H-GNRI score = 0) based on their H-GNRI scores. The primary outcome measure was the Barthel Index (BI) gain; the secondary outcomes included the BI at discharge, the BI efficiency, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, discharge to home or a nursing home, and hospitalization-associated disability. We analyzed 3532 patients, with 244 being low-risk, 952 being intermediate-risk, and 2336 being high-risk patients. The high-risk group of patients had significantly lower BI values at discharge, lower BI gains, reduced BI efficiency values, and prolonged hospital stays compared to those in the low-risk group. The high-risk patients also had higher in-hospital mortality rates, lower rates of discharge to home or a nursing home, and greater incidences of a hospitalization-associated disability in comparison to the low-risk group. The H-GNRI may serve as a valuable tool for determining prognoses for patients with HF.
Human Pancreatic Islets React to Glucolipotoxicity by Secreting Pyruvate and Citrate
Authors: Perrier Johan , Nawrot Margaux , Madec Anne-Marie , Chikh Karim , Chauvin Marie-Agnès , Damblon Christian , Sabatier Julia , Thivolet Charles H. , Rieusset Jennifer , Rautureau Gilles J. P. , Panthu Baptiste
Published: November 2023

Progressive decline in pancreatic beta-cell function is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explore the relationship between the beta cell and its nutritional environment, asking how an excess of energy substrate leads to altered energy production and subsequent insulin secretion. Alterations in intracellular metabolic homeostasis are key markers of islets with T2D, but changes in cellular metabolite exchanges with their environment remain unknown. We answered this question using nuclear magnetic resonance-based quantitative metabolomics and evaluated the consumption or secretion of 31 extracellular metabolites from healthy and T2D human islets. Islets were also cultured under high levels of glucose and/or palmitate to induce gluco-, lipo-, and glucolipotoxicity. Biochemical analyses revealed drastic alterations in the pyruvate and citrate pathways, which appear to be associated with mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) downregulation. We repeated these manipulations on the rat insulinoma-derived beta-pancreatic cell line (INS-1E). Our results highlight an OGDH downregulation with a clear effect on the pyruvate and citrate pathways. However, citrate is directed to lipogenesis in the INS-1E cells instead of being secreted as in human islets. Our results demonstrate the ability of metabolomic approaches performed on culture media to easily discriminate T2D from healthy and functional islets.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) for the Assessment of Body Composition in Oncology: A Scoping Review
Authors: Branco Mariana Garcia , Mateus Carlota , Capelas Manuel Luís , Pimenta Nuno , Santos Teresa , Mäkitie Antti , Ganhão-Arranhado Susana , Trabulo Carolina , Ravasco Paula
Published: November 2023

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a reliable, non-invasive, objective, and cost-effective body composition assessment method, with high reproducibility. This scoping review aims to evaluate the current scientific and clinical evidence on BIA for body composition assessment in oncology patients, under active treatment. Literature search was conducted through MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA-ScR Guidelines. Inclusion criteria comprised studies reporting the use of BIA for body composition evaluation in adults with cancer diagnosis. Studies including non-cancer pathology or only assessing nutritional status were excluded. This scoping review comprised a total of 36 studies: 25 were original studies including 18 prospective studies, six cross-sectional studies and one retrospective study and 11 were systematic reviews. Population size for the included original articles ranged from 18 to 1217 participants, comprising a total of 3015 patients with cancer with a mean baseline Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from 20.3 to 30.0 kg/m2 and mean age ranging between 47 and 70 years. Review articles included a total of 273 studies, with a total of 78,350 participants. The current review considered studies reporting patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) (n = 8), breast cancer (BC) (n = 4), esophageal cancer (EC) (n = 2), liver cancer (n = 2), pancreatic cancer (PC) (n = 3), gastric cancer (GC) (n = 3), colorectal cancer (CRC) (n = 8), lung cancer (LC) (n = 1), skin cancer (SK) (n = 1) and multiple cancer types (n = 6). BIA is a suitable and valid method for the assessment of body composition in oncology. BIA-derived measures have shown good potential and relevant clinical value in preoperative risk evaluation, in the reduction of postoperative complications and hospital stay and as an important prognostic indicator in persons with cancer. Future research on the diagnostic value and clinical applications of BIA and BIA-derived phase angle (PhA) should be conducted in order to predict its impact on patient survival and other clinical outcomes.
Nutritional Assessment in Patients with Chronic Diseases: Tools, Challenges, and Future Directions
Authors: Tang Huiyu , Yang Ming
Published: November 2023

Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide [...]
Meat-Free Mondays in Hospital Cafés in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Ewens Ella , Young Leanne , Mackay Sally
Published: November 2023

Current human meat consumption levels contribute to environmental degradation and are a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Globally, meat-reduction policy interventions are limited. Meat-Free Mondays (MFMs) is a global campaign to reduce meat consumption to improve planetary and human health. We conducted a mixed methods evaluation of MFMs at three District Health Boards (DHBs) (one not considering a MFM policy, one that had trialled MFMs and one implementing MFMs) to investigate attitudes towards MFMs and barriers and enablers to implementation. An online staff survey and eleven semi-structured interviews with food service managers, café managers and sustainability managers were conducted. Of the 194 survey participants, 51% were actively cutting back on meat, mainly for health, environmental concerns and enjoyment of plant-based dishes, and 59% were positive towards MFMs. Qualitative analysis using a general inductive approach identified four themes: (1) ‘Change and choice’ (impact on personal choice), (2) ‘Getting it right’ (product and price, food quality, health, customer retention and sales), (3) ‘Human and planetary health’ (hospitals as leaders in healthy, sustainable diets), (4) ‘Implementation success’ (communication and education). Recommendations for implementation of MFMs included seeking feedback from other DHBs, wide consultation with food service staff, cultural and dietitian food service support and providing evidence of the success of MFMs and alternatives to MFMs.
Diet-Wide Association, Genetic Susceptibility and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jin Dongqing , Lu Ying , Wu Wei , Jiang Fangyuan , Li Zihan , Xu Liying , Zhang Rongqi , Li Xue , Chen Dong
Published: November 2023

Background: Both genetic and dietary factors play significant roles in the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC). To evaluate the relationship between certain food exposures and the risk of CRC, we carried out a large-scale association analysis in the UK Biobank. Methods: The associations of 139 foods and nutrients’ intake with CRC risk were assessed among 118,210 participants. A polygenic risk score (PRS) of CRC was created to explore any interaction between dietary factors and genetic susceptibility in CRC risk. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CRC risk linked to dietary variables and PRS were estimated using Cox regression models. Multiple comparisons were corrected using the error discovery rate (FDR). Results: During a mean follow-up of 12.8 years, 1466 incidents of CRC were identified. In the UK Biobank, alcohol and white bread were associated with increased CRC risk, and their HRs were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03–1.14; FDRP = 0.028) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05–1.16; FDRP = 0.003), whereas dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese intakes were inversely associated. We found no evidence of any PRS–nutrient interaction relationship in relation to CRC risk. Conclusions: Our results show that higher intakes of alcohol and white bread are associated with increased CRC risk, whilst dietary fiber, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and manganese are inversely associated.