bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Laser Quenching Path of Numerical Control Algorithm
Authors: Cai Han Ming , Guan Yang , Tian Ming Jie
Published: June 2012

Laser quenching is a kind of advanced surface heat treatment technology,which is widely used in automotive, aerospace, and other industrial fields. The present laser quenching machines are general use the nc machine tools most. These kinds of machine have greatly limited the processing ability and the range of processing has been very restricted too. During this paper,first according to the theory study,we put forward the technical requirements about how to acqurie even hardened laye in laser quenching process. Then, the paper list the shortcomings of present numerical control machine tool in the aspects of realizating the laser quenching. At last according to the condition in practical production, the paper come to the total solution to realize CNC laser quenching, doing some theoretical exploration for the realization of the laser quenching.
Use Spectrum Analysis to Test the Frequency-Domain Characteristics Parameters of ADCs
Authors: Yin Shi Rong
Published: June 2012

Many frequency-domain characteristics parameters can describe the dynamic behaviour of Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs). This paper researched how to use a sinewave stimulus and spectrum analysis to test those parameters. It analyzed the spectrum of coherent sampling and incoherent sampling of ADC response to a specified amplitude and frequency sinewave firstly. Incoherent sampling causes spectrum leakage. To reduce the errors in calculating parameters introduced by spectral leakage, this paper multiply the data record by a window function in the time domain prior to the DFT process. Simulate results demonstrate that window function can reduced the spectral leakage introduced by incoherent sampling and increase ADC parameters calculation accuracy.
Research on Optimum Design of Molded Lines of the Bulbous Bow of a Container Vessel
Authors: Huang Ya Nan , Liu Da Lu , Sun Feng Sheng , Zhang Da Yong , Lu Dong
Published: June 2012

In this paper, taking a 7000 TEU container ship as an example, research on optimization design of mold lines of bulbous bow for container ships is carried out. Firstly, geometric parameters of bulbous bow are selected to be as variables to construct 7 computing molds, then CFD methods are employed to calculate ship resistance and parameters of wave field generated by ship moving, as well as Michell integration is used to determine the coefficient of wave-making resistance. Minimization of resistance is taken as the aim function to obtain the optimum geometric parameters of mold lines at bow. The results of mold testing express that the mold lines of bulbous bow for container vessel optimized by above methods are credible and valuable for engineering practice.
Optimization of Ship Hull Lines of Bulbous Bow by Using CFD Approach
Authors: Huang Ya Nan , Liu Da Lu , Sun Feng Sheng , Gao Ming Xing , Zhang Ya
Published: June 2012

The proposal of this investigation is the optimization design of bulbous bow-lines for a container vessel. The results of wave-making coefficients and relative data of wave-making field both from computation based on Green function method and Michell integral method are provided for 7 different designs of bulbous bow lines respectively in this paper. According to the minimum energy from the sample of average wave-making energy for each design of bulbous bow-lines, which is to be objective function in this computation, the geometric parameters for optimization lines of bulbous bow can be determined. Adopting CFD method, it is respectively calculated that the average wave energy change with the ahead extendable length of bulbous bow, the height above the baseline of bulbous bow and the transverse area of the bulbous bow at fore pole. By above three change curves, the optimization shape of the bulbous bow is gained. The resistance components and the wave-field for wave-making for ship hull by using CFD method have been validated based on corresponding model test results. Therefore, the optimized bulbous bow-lines can be used in the ship design practice.
Study on the Computing Method of Cutter Path for Improving the Accuracy of Machine Tools
Authors: Wang Xiao Feng , Fan Jin Wei , Li Yun
Published: June 2012

The geometric error is the important aspect of affecting the process accuracy of NC machine. In order to improve the machining accuracy, the article gives a new method to compute the cutter path by making use of the error model of MAKINO based on multi-body theory. By comparing the errors which is not divided with the errors that is divided, the study shows that dividing the errors into different regions is an effective method that can improve the accuracy of machine tools. Combing the new method and the error compensation based on multi-body theory, the error partition can be easily used in the compensation of machine tools by modifying the G code.
Modeling and Simulation of a Slider-Crank Mechanism with Clearance and Lubricant Joint
Authors: Wu Li Juan , Li Ai Ping , Liu Xue Mei
Published: June 2012

The influence of the clearance in the joint must be considered in the modeling and dynamic analysis for the mutibody mechanical systems. The model of the planar revolute clearance joint is built on the base of the clearance vector approach and the continuous contact approach. Furthermore, the friction is included through the modified Coulombs friction law and the lubrication is introduced into the model, with the Reynolds equation employed to evaluate the hydrodynamic forces. A slider-crank drive system of a screen printing machine with a clearance joint is researched as the example, whose dynamic characteristics are simulated by the software ADAMS. It is shown that the clearance has affected the dynamics response of the system and the lubrication is effective to deaden the impact.
Finite Element Static Analysis of Twin Tripod Sliding Universal Joint Used in Small Rolling Mill
Authors: Chang De Gong , Feng Mei Bo , Liu Zhao Dong
Published: June 2012

In this paper,the model of the trident chamfer, which is the twin tripod sliding universal joint used in small rolling mill, is created by the software Solidworks, and the statics has been analyzed by using the software ANSYS Workbench. The stress contours diagrams and the deformation contours diagrams of the trident chamfer are obtained,so as to arrive its stress distribution and deformation. So the maximum stress concentration parts of the trident chamfer are known by being analyzed. Similarly, The maximum deformation concentration parts are obtained. All above of this provides the theoretical basis for the further study of twin tripod sliding universal joint, especially in the improvement of the structure as well as the heat treatment of the material.
Based on ANSYS the Static Strength Analysis of Twin Tripod Sliding Universal Joints
Authors: Chang De Gong , Du Min Min , Liu Zhao Dong
Published: June 2012

Using finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench module to do statics analysis of the Improved Twin Tripod Sliding Universal Joints ,it can get the middle pole of the trigeminal direction stress cloud pictures, and the greatest stress place after analysis, and can provide the basis for further improved structure coupling.
Study of Synthesis Process of L-Ascorbic Acid Cellulose Ester
Authors: Liu Ning , Luan You Shun , Su Shuang , Fang Gui Zhen
Published: June 2012

In this article, L-ascorbic acid cellulose ester, a polymer with antioxidant properties, was synthesized using L-ascorbic acid and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as feedstock. The whole reaction was divided into two parts: the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose carbonyl chlorides and the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid cellulose ester. The optimal conditions of acyl chloride preparation: ratio (m/v) of CMCH to SOCl2 was 1:3, proportion (m/v) of CMCH to DMF was 1:20, reaction temperature was 110-120°C, reaction time was 2h. The optimal conditions of L-ascorbic acid cellulose ester synthesis: ratio (m/v) of L-ascorbic acid to solvent was 1:3.5, proportion (Mol/Mol) of Carboxymethyl cellulose carbonyl chlorides to L-ascorbic acid was 1:1.3, reaction temperature was 20°C, reaction time was 22h. In this reaction conditions, the synthetic product not only saved the antioxidant activity of the groups, and added the safe and non-toxic ability of dietary fiber.
Energy Management Strategy for a Fuel Cell E-REV Based on Minimum Power Loss Algorithm
Authors: Hu Jin Yu , Song Ke , Zhang Tong
Published: June 2012

Aim at the different characteristics from general fuel-cell vehicles of extended-range electric vehicles (E-REVs) with a fuel-cell stack as the Range Extender (RE), an energy management strategy based on minimum power loss algorithm is presented, which considers the efficiency of the fuel-cell stack and the charging and discharging efficiency of battery. The strategy is realized by neural network, simulated with the E-REV model, which is set up with ADVISOR. And a longer driving range is obtained.
Fine Cemented Carbide Particles Prepared with Activated Tungsten Oxide
Authors: Fu Xiao Ming
Published: June 2012

Fine cemented carbide in the diameter of less than 1 μm is obtained activated tungsten oxide. The samples are characterized by laser particle size analyze, electron microscope and sclerometer. The experimental results show that the size of tungsten particles and tungsten carbide prepared with activated tungsten becomes small remarkably, and coarse tungsten particles decrease. The properties of cemented carbide prepared with activated tungsten oxide are better than those of cemented carbide made with blue tungsten oxide. Especially, the hardness of cemented carbide prepared with activated tungsten oxide increases by about 7 %.
Study of Preparation and Properties of Fire-Retardant Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Foam
Authors: Wang Dong Wei , Zhang Xiao Xian , Yang Dan Na , Li Sai
Published: June 2012

Melamine formaldehyde (MF) foam is a kind of fire-retardant material, which has many excellent properties. In this paper, the effect of foaming agent on foam-cell structure of MF foam was discussed, along with the compressive property, the water absorption and its thermo gravimetric behavior as well as its fire-retardant property behaved by limited oxygen index (LOI). Through the analysis of different factors affected on MF foam and its properties we hope to get practical products with good properties. Keywords: melamine foam; foaming agent; foam-structure; thermal property; fire-retardancy;
Study on the Microstructure and the Mechanical Properties of Zr R60702
Authors: Hu Xiao Dong , Zhang Sen , Zhang Yong , Li Ya Jiang
Published: June 2012

The microstructure and the mechanical properties of welding joint with the material of R60702 have been studied in this paper with the specimens made with the method of argon-arc welding, and the according mechanical properties of the weld joint have been compared with the annealed microstructure at the temperature of 600.Conclusions have been obtained as follows: The organizations of the welding joint include base material, normalizing zone, overheated area, fusion zone and the weld zone; the hardness tendency of the weld joint is depicted as W-shape with the hardest point located at the center, and the softest points is located at the normalizing zone; the annealing treatment can improve the ductility and soften the weld joint mainly at the center.
Modified Zeolite and Treatment with Cr3+ in the Wastewater
Authors: Yang Jian Li , Du Mei Li , Huang Jie , Yang Xiao Gang
Published: June 2012

The ultra-zeolite is an important research topic at present. Using ultra-zeolite 4A to treat wastewater has the advantage that traditional methods do not have, so it has been concerned by many experts and scholars. This subject adopts microwave method to synthesize ultra-zeolite 4A. Then using the prepared ultra-zeolite 4A to adsorb Cr3+ in wastewater. Study on the effect factors such as pH value, adsorption temperature, etc. The conclusion shows that ultra-molecular sieve 4A has been successfully synthsized by microwave method. In experiment of absorption wastewater containing Cr3 + we has found when the concentration of solution containing Cr3 + is 400mg / L, pH =4, temperature is 25 and adsorption time is10 minutes, which ultra-zeolite 4A removes Cr3+ is better.
Computer Design of Low Silicon Sinter Fractal Dimension Based on SEM Images
Authors: Zhou Chang Ying
Published: June 2012

Sinter as an intermediate product of the iron making, is a multiphase medium, and the microstructure of finished sinter directly affects the quality of sinter. But because the sinter micro structure of the extreme irregularities, it is difficult to use the traditional quantitative methods on the accurate description, the introduction of the fractal theory provides us with new ideas. According to the characteristics of sinter SEM photos, and used the VC++ computer programming language, it is researched and designed that the fractal dimension of calculation program (FWJS) based on the sinter SEM microscopic photos, through which got the fractal dimension value and describe the microscopic structure of the sample quantificationally, which has very important practical significance for the fractal research of sinter .
Evaluation of the Uncertainty in Determination of the Alumina Content in Limestone by Chrome Azurol S Photometry
Authors: Shao Mei , Wen Xiang Dong , Zhang Sui Zhong
Published: June 2012

A mathematical model of alumina content determination in limestone by chrome azurol S photometry was established to compare the uncertainty factors during measurement process, the uncertainty sources which would influence the analysis result were discussed and evaluated in details according to JJF 1059-2010. The expanded uncertainty was obtained, and the result showed the uncertainties originating from the measurement repeatability and calibration curve were much larger than that of the others, which provide the basis for selecting a better determination scheme.
Fatigue of Nanotube-Reinforced Carbon Fiber Epoxy Composites
Authors: Cao Ying , Pan Li
Published: June 2012

In the present investigation, resin transfer molding has been used to produce high quality carbon fiber epoxy composites and nanotube-reinforced carbon fiber epoxy composites. To study the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on improving the mechanical properties and fatigue life, the tension-tension fatigue test has been carried out on those two kinds of material in the fiber direction. The damage mechanism in the fiber directions was analyzed by X-ray radiography and electron microscopy. The results show that CNTs pulled out, rapture and bridged cracks during the test, the results also show that CNTs possess an obvious potential on improving the property of carbon fiber epoxy composite, especially for properties that dominated by matrix.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver-Histidine Complex Doped Montmorillonite Antibacterial Agent
Authors: Duan Shu’e , Zhai Yun Hui , Qu Ying Juan
Published: June 2012

In this paper a novel colorless and salt-tolerant silver-histidine complex doped montmorillonite (Na-MMT) antibacterial agent (SHMMT) power was synthesized by ion exchange reaction using silver-histidine complex ion [Ag (his)] + as precursor, and characterized by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and power X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial activities against Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora were examined by a modified broth dilution test and the plate counting method. The salt-tolerant property was determined by the antibacterial activities of the sea water soaked SHMMT. The results showed that the Ag loading amount of SHMMT powder reached 1.7mmol/g, far more than the cationic exchange capacity (CEC) of Na-MMT. SHMMT powder had high bacterial activity eventhough it was soaked in the sea water for 30 days. 1
Large Nonlinear Optical Absorption Response in Monolayer Graphene and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Fan Yang , Jiang Zhi Guo , Yao Lu Feng
Published: June 2012

Nonlinear absorption of monolayer graphene and graphene oxide suspensions were studied in the wavelength of 800 nm by Z-scan method with 50fs pulses. Large reverse saturable absorption is observed in graphene, while graphene oxide shows saturable absorption at the incident intensity of 46 GW/cm2. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficient also have been determined from the experimental data. The NLA coefficient β of the monolayer graphene suspension is 1.96×10-2cm/GW,while the NLA coeffiecient β of graphene oxide is-6.84×10-3cm/GW.
Recovering Obliterated Engraved Vehicle Identify Number on Aluminum Engine Surfaces by Alkaline Etching Technique
Authors: Jin Yi
Published: June 2012

Chemical etching, which is the most sensitive method to recover obliterated serial numbers on metal surfaces. This paper studied the method of recovering obliterated engraved vehicle identify number on aluminum engine surfaces by alkaline etching technique. Experiment research indicates that 25% sodium hydroxide solution not only can recovering original vehicle identify numbers on aluminum engine effectively, but also is easier to prepare and lower volatilizable than traditional method which uses acid solution. With the popularization of aluminum engine in motor engine, the method using sodium hydroxide solution to recovery has far-reaching application prospects, especially in the robbery cases involving vehicle identify numbers juggled.
Numerical Simulation of the Two-Phase Flow in Novel Combined Top and Corner Spray Degassing Tank for Aluminum Melt
Authors: Sun Hui , Zhou Zhi Yong
Published: June 2012

The Eulerian two-fluid model incorporated with the multiple reference frame approach is adopted to predict the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the novel combined top and corner spray degassing tank for aluminum melt. The influence of different parameters, such as gas velocity or hole areas at the tank corners on the gas-liquid flow behavior is also investigated. Results show that little gas emerges near the wall of tank equipped with traditional rotating spray degasser. Using the combined top and corner spray degasser, the distribution of bubbles in the tank, especially near the tank wall, is improved significantly, which advantages the hydrogen removal. With the increasing gas velocity or hole areas at the tank corners, the width of ring zone with low gas volume fraction decreases, and thus enhances the effect of hydrogen removal.
Research on Patching Materials for Converter
Authors: Wei Jun Cong , Huang Jian Kun , Gu Xiao Hua , Zhang Shan Lin , Zhang Chao , Tu Jun Bo
Published: June 2012

A patching material for converter was investigated by using sintered magnesia as the main starting material, a certain carbohydrate as binder and graphite flake and Al metal as additives. The effects of the additions of binder, graphite and aluminium metal on the performances of patching materials were studied respectively. The results revealed that the carbohydrate binder melted during heating, making the patching materials spread out and flow; graphite flake could improve the flow ability, but decrease the bulk density; aluminium metal could partially be oxidized or nitrided, and hence fill the gap and increase the strength.
Research and Application of Different Rage Fly Ashes in Recycled Concrete
Authors: Zhang Jin Zhou
Published: June 2012

In this paper, it was introduced that the case that under100% replacement of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), the C30 recycled concrete was prepared by different rage fly ashes 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% replacing cement. The strength of the recycled concrete and mixtures workability were test. Eventually it is concluded that the strength and mixtures workability of recycled concrete were affected by different circumstance under the different rage and amount of fly ashes, and a theoretical basis in the impact of fly ashes in the application of recycled concrete is provided.
Design of a Shaft Assignment Radial Piston Pump
Authors: Cai Han Ming , Tian Ming Jie
Published: June 2012

This paper introduces a kind of shaft structure improvement after assignment radial piston pump, its structure and working principle to improve the axial flow past with radial piston pump shaft with flow the stress of the situation, and improve the hydraulic pump pressure of work and service life.
Preparation of Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material by Solution Method
Authors: Gu Fang
Published: June 2012

Lithium titanate was synthesized by liquid method and lithium hydroxide was used as raw materials. During the synthesis process, the value of n(Li)/n(Ti), the calcination temperature and calcination time were investigated. The experiment results show that when the molar ratio of Li/Ti is 0.85 and the lithium titanate was heat-treated at 750 °C for 8 h, we could get the target product which showed the best electrochemical performances. it was considered to be an excellent electrode materials for lithium-ion battery, and an ideal alternative to carbon anode materials.
The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: June 2012

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.
Study of Inorganic Ion Exchange Material MgMn0.25Ti0.75O3
Authors: Jiang Jin He
Published: June 2012

The MgMn0.25Ti0.75O3 was synthesized by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of MgMn0.25Ti0.75O3 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 74%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The experimental results have proved that the acid-treated sample has a capacity of exchange 9.5mmol•g-1 for Li+ in the solution.
A Constitutive Model for Collapsible Loess Material: I Analytic Formulation
Authors: Li Huan , Zhang Yu Min , Xu Hui , Zheng Guo Yin , Lu Xue Yong , Fu Guo Zhan
Published: June 2012

The hydrocompaction is a complicated characteristic of loess material. Most of the collapsible issues are related to water content variation. The widely used computational constitutive models cannot catch the collapsible deformation behavior of loess material. A constitutive model for collapsible loess is presented. The moisture content of increasing dampness is treated as an internal stress, and the yielding surface of collapsible volume and the shear-yielding surface are obtained from the regressive analysis of test data. The stress-strain relation for collapsible deformation is established based on the generalized plasticity theory
The Application Study on Northern Guangxi Residence Materials Elements in Modern Building Design
Authors: Liang Yan Min
Published: June 2012

In order to extract northern guangxi houses design elements, this paper introduces the architectural characteristics of northern guangxi, Through the design characteristics of residential analysis, mainly introduced the traditional local-style dry bar dwelling houses, village gate, the drum design style, From natural factors, cultural factors, technical factors three aspects analyzes the traditional dwelling houses design materials elements, Put forward some suitable for modern residential traditional residence elements of application design practices, explore the traditional elements and modern building design method of integration way , The modern city residential design to meet residents in modern life requirement at the same time, show adequately traditional houses north guangxi region characteristic, continuity and promote the local traditional architectural culture.
Study and Current Environmental Situation Evaluation on a Coal Mine Located District
Authors: Su Rong Jun
Published: June 2012

To assess entironmental feasibility of Expanding and Improving Project on Xihe Coal Mine (EIPXCM), according to related regulations and influence scope of the project, regional ecosystem was investigated firstly. The results indicate that the located city has better natural environment. The city locates mid-temperate zone and has hilly geomorphology. The soil area accounts for 95.0% and is fertile. Dark brown soil has biggest distribution and accounts for 70%. Morever, it has good hydrology conditions such as rivers and ground water. Rate of forest coverage is 38% in which are mostly secondary and planted forests. Furthermore, it has plenty of wildlifes and plants. It also has abundant mineral resources in which coal, graphite and sillimanite are richest. Secondly, current situations of smaller regional ecosystem were evaluated. Evaluation of cropland ecosystem shows agricultural acreage accounts for 62%. The biomass amounts of crop land vegetation are very low. Soil evaluation shows that there are high organic and N contents, but low P content. Land utilizing evaluation shows that the land are suitable for plowland, forest land and grass land. Paddy field should be more developed. Gradual decreasing of grass land area should be noticed and prevented. All this work laid a sound foundation for next entironmental influence prediction and appraisal.
Case Study on Beneficiation of Cassiterite-Polymetallic Sulphide Ores
Authors: Liu Si Qing , Tong Xiong , Song Bao Xu , Wang Wan Ping
Published: June 2012

Cassiterite-polymetallic sulphide ore contains multi-elements that can be recovered in beneficiation. Case studies on processing two major tin deposits in Gejiu and Dachang regions are reviewed. Results show that the joint process of flotation and gravity separation has proven to be effective in treating the ores for its high efficiency and relatively small environmental impact. Flotation of tin minerals is considered as a supplementary technique for concentrating cassiterite from the slime produced in the joint process. The joint process is still a promising process in treating the cassiterite-polymetallic sulphide ore.
The Application Study of the Diamond Punching Method in Stamping Production of the Screen Hole Parts
Authors: Yang Zhan Yao , Yang Bin Bin
Published: June 2012

In allusion to the problems such as the poor flatness of the parts , not-easy-guaranteed aperture precision, low strength and short service life of mould that occur in stamping production of the screen hole parts, this article detailed introduced the diamond punching method and at the same time it summarized the maintenance of the mould that this method uses
Test and Select of Carrier of Phase Change Materials for Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Ren Yu Zheng , Liu Jie Zhu , Ma Biao , Wang Sha Sha
Published: June 2012

Directly mixing the PCM to asphalt mixture may adversely affect mixture performance. By the experiment of SEM, the diffusion-absorption circle testing and the DSC, the micro-morphology and the adsorption characteristics to PCM of four carriers and the thermal properties of the composite shape-stabilized phase change materials (CSPCM) were analyzed. The results showed that the activated carbon, the floating bead and the white carbon black have more developed porous structure. The white carbon black has the best effect on the adsorption of PCM. The shape-stabilized PCM prepared by the physical adsorption method has the leakage problem. The CSPCM with the white carbon black carrier has the best heat storage capacity. The white carbon black is the best carrier of PCM for asphalt mixture.
Comparison of Two Different Methods of Preparing Chemical Raw Materials Using Blast Furnace Gas
Authors: Guo Wei , Wang Jian Jun , Gao Wen Gui , Wang Hua
Published: June 2012

This paper studied the preparation of chemical raw materials–methanol using blast furnace gas obtained from steel production process. The energy saving and emission reduction effect and the economic benefit brought by the co-hydrogenation process of a mixture of CO and CO2 (CHP) has been compared with those brought by the respective hydrogenation process of CO and CO2 (RHP). The result shows that the CHP brings more economic benefit than the RHP, and the CHP brings more energy saving and emission reduction effect than the RHP.
Dynamic Simulation Analysis on Running Performance in Different Modes of Underground Salt Cavern Natural Gas Storage
Authors: Cao Lin , Zhang Bao Jun
Published: June 2012

Integrated prediction models on injection-production operation of Salt cavern underground gas storage are built. Simulation prediction research on performance of cavern and wellbore is presented in emergency operation, normal peak load operation, stable operation and intermittent operation modes. The results show that cumulative production gas volume is most in normal peak load operation mode, but cumulative production gas volume is least in stable operation mode. Cumulative injection gas volume is most in emergency operation and normal peak load operation mode, but cumulative injection gas volume is least in intermittent operation mode. At the same time, long-term emergency operation and intermittent operation will be avoided for guaranteeing good operation characteristic of salt cavern gas storage.
Flywheel Energy Storage System for City Trains to Save Energy
Authors: Li Yi Liang , Zhang Xiao Zhang , Dai Xing Jiang
Published: June 2012

A prototype of flywheel energy storage system is developed for light rail-trains in cities to store the braking energy. The prototype is designed to have a rotor of 100kg rotating at up to 27000rpm, which can store 1kWh energy and supply 10kW maximum power. Main works and results are described. Difficulties and some key techniques are presented. Test of the system operation is still not finished. Now the system is able to run at 16800rmp. Maximum power output is 3kWh.
Performance Characteristics of Bipolar Zn/MCM-41/ MnO2 Cell
Authors: Mohd Zawi Nor Liza , Othman Raihan , Ani Mohd Hanafi , Saputra Hens
Published: June 2012

We investigate Zn/MnO2 Leclanché cell employing inorganic MCM-41 membrane separator. MCM-41 membrane is developed onto zinc anode substrate from dip coating procedure, performed at room temperature. The parent solution for synthesis consisted of quarternary ammonium surfactant, cethyltrimethylammonium bromide C16H33(CH3)3NBr (CTAB) as the organic template, sodium hydroxide, deionized wateSubscript textr, ethanol and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). Zn/MCM-41/MnO2 cell, about the size of R2025 coin cell, is fabricated both in monopolar and bipolar designs. Bipolar cell configuration enhances the cell performance markedly. The cell demonstrates volumetric energy density - 42 Wh/l for bipolar design and 12 Wh/l for monopolar design, rated at continuous current drain of 1 mA.
A Multistage Cool Storage System of Natural Coldness Resource Based on Heat Pipe
Authors: Li Qi He , Zhao Xiao Bao , Huang Hu , Cheng Yu Zhou , Liu Yu Hua
Published: June 2012

This article proposes a multistage cool storage system of natural coldness resource storage joint operation with refrigeration unit cool storage using heat pipe as heat transfer components. This system can realize both cold energy stored in winter used in summer which is called “Seasonal storage of cold energy” and cold energy stored at night used in the day which is called “cool storage day by day”. When the user needs cooling, it will choose different cycle way to release cold energy to the cooling user according to the temperature grade of the cool storage medium and the cooling load of the user. This system can achieve the purpose of energy conservation and environment protection.
Multi-Criteria Renewable Energy Planning Decision-Making Model Based on VIKOR
Authors: Dai Chun Yan , Zhang Xi Liang , Wang En Chuang , Liu Zhen , Tang Song Lin
Published: June 2012

Abstract: Renewable energy planning will consider and weigh the technical, economic, social, environmental and other factors comprehensively, these factors tend to use many types of standard to measure, and these metrics often conflict with each other, which bring many difficult to renewable energy planning. Based on renewable energy planning program selection feature, a multi-criteria renewable energy planning decision-making model based on VIKOR was built to resolve the multi-criteria conflict problems, so that to achieve the optimal choice of the renewable energy planning. And the model was applied for the renewable energy planning decision making in one of the province in China.
Strategy on Energy Capacity Control
Authors: Chen Miao Sheng , Tsai Yung Tse
Published: June 2012

In the past, energy authorities attempted to prevent potential entrants from participating in the energy market. This study posits that this two-stage game theory is insufficient to describe the modern-day situation. Ware (1984) modified the Dixit (1980) model to develop a three-stage game structure. We use this mathematical model to analyze the optimal cost of an energy authority and the strategy of excess capacity.
Combustion Simulation on Fuel Oil-Mixture Gas Converter Based on FLUENT
Authors: Yan Jia Chao , Shao Shuai , Jin Cheng Zhe
Published: June 2012

Fuel oil-mixture gas converter is used for heavy oil exploitation is a new equipment of thermal recovery. Strength calculations and enthalpy values are related in the design. For selection and design to each part-structure of the fuel-mixture converter. Applied the analysis software of ANSYS FLUENT, fuel-gas combustion simulation is to combustion chamber of Fuel oil-mixture gas converter. The results show that the design is feasibility.
Design of LED Lighting Control Network Based on LonWorks
Authors: Lu Jun Wei , Wang Rong
Published: June 2012

Management efficiency and intelligence of lighting system is enhanced by designing the reasonable lighting control network. Lighting energy-saving is also achieved. The energy shortage is relieved. Lighting control network is designed based on LonWorks. The whole design proposal of control network is provided. Control function is achieved by developing hardware and software of intelligent node. Connection problem of scatter intelligent nodes is solved by network installation. System running coordinately is ensured. There are problems about openness and expansibility of lighting system and equipment compatibility during the establishing process of lighting control network. The problems are effectively solved through the lighting control network. Management efficiency is enhanced. Lighting energy-saving is achieved LED combining with energy-saved lamp.
Energy Efficient Clustering Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ma Rui , Liu Yan Cheng , Chuan Wang
Published: June 2012

A wireless sensor node can only be equipped with a limited power source due to the several hardware constraints. Moreover, for most applications, replenishment of power resources is impossible. WSN lifetime, therefore, shows a strong dependence on battery lifetime. Thus the sources that consume energy during the operation of each node should be analyzed and maintained efficiently. In this paper, we propose a energy efficient clustering routing algorithm based on LEACH (EE_LEACH), which aims to balance energy consumption in WSN through modification of the threshold and multi-hop data transmission. Simulation results show that the algorithm can save node energy consumption effectively and prolong the network lifetime.
Performance Evaluation of a Solar Water Heating System for Industrial Application
Authors: Chang Keh Chin , Lin Wei Min , Liu Yi Mei , Lee Tsong Sheng , Chung Kung Ming
Published: June 2012

The total area of solar collectors installed in Taiwan had exceeded 2 million square meters by the end of 2010. However, there were only 98 systems in operation with area of solar collectors installed exceeding 100 square meters from 2001 to 2010. To increase industrial awareness of solar water heating technologies, a nursery greenhouse was chosen as the case study to evaluate its thermal performance throughout the months of May 2010 to April 2011. The results showed that the solar energy collected and heat loss during the night hours would affect the thermal efficiency, economic viability and attractiveness of a SWH. This study would provide useful information for all parties related to this market, manufacturers, potential users and policy-makers.
Research of Billet Heating Optimal Strategy Oriented to Energy Saving
Authors: Zhang Yin Juan
Published: June 2012

The character of billet heating is studied, in order to improve the billet heating quality and save energy, the prediction model within a billet temperature field is established. The billet heating process is carried on the modeling successful used finite element analysis. Based on analysis of billet heating model and ANSYS software, the temperature field in billet and the temperature setting of reheating furnace are combined, two methods are put forward of temperature optimal setting, the heat transfer situation and temperature field distribution within billet has been reappeared in the billet heating process, the optimal energy saving strategy of billet heating has got.
Variable Frequency Energy-Saving Analysis of City Heat Power Station Heating System
Authors: Zhao Jian Hui , Hua Li
Published: June 2012

In this paper, circular water pump of a thermal station in Shijiazhuang is taken as the research object of the heating system, whose energy consumption is analyzed. The circular water pump adopts variable frequency speed regulation control, which changes the waste of energy from the previous control system with flow control valve. Along with outdoor temperature change, this paper sets up the mathematical model of the operation adjustment. It is calculated by the analysis: the system can save electricity about 77500 degrees in a heating period. At the same time frequency conversion efficiency can reach 30.88 ﹪, and electricity consumption is only 0.69 of the original heating system. It changes the heating system shortcomings which are low efficiency and big energy consumption before, and improves energy efficiency.
Waste Heat Station with Supercritical Organic Cycle
Authors: Xiao Song , Zheng Dong Sheng , Wu Shu Ying
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a schematic of such installation is presented here with a description of its operation and the algorithm of calculations of a supercritical waste heat plant. An analysis of the influence of a kind of working fluid on the effectiveness of operation of a plant was carried out. The obtained results enabled the unanimous conclusion that the application of supercritical conditions in low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) installations of waste heat plants allows significantly higher values of both efficiency and power to be achieved.
Hydrogen-Production of Hydrogen-Producing Bacteria at Different Temperatures in Batch Culture
Authors: Qin Zhi , Li Dan
Published: June 2012

Energy crisis is paid more attention to its significance around the world. Hydrogen is considered the most potential alternate energy source due to the character of non-pollution and zero emissions. This paper researched the variation of hydrogen-producing rate, pH value and the proportion under five temperatures of 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C through batch culture and the reasons of these appearance. And anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria’s isolation and enrichment culture was accomplished by Hungater’s anaerobic technique. The time of logarithmic phase was 24h, 16h, 12h, 20h and 28h and the stationary phase was 36h, 28h, 24h, 32h and 36h at 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C. When the pH declined to 4.2-4.4, the hydrogen-production rate and the proportion all reached optimal state. The maximum proportion of hydrogen-production and total gas-production was 70.41% at 35°C. The optimal parameter was: the pH between 4.2-4.4 under the optimum temperature of 35°C.
Method of Hydrogen Production by Biomass Gasification in the Supercritical Water
Authors: Peng Kui , Li Hong Xu
Published: June 2012

Hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water has special different distinct characteristics and advantage, this technology has become one of the international research focuses in the field of hydrogen energy. This paper gives a detail introduction of the process, characteristics and route of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water, the biomass include glucose, cellulose methanol, and other waste effluents, the catalyst innovations and reactor development have also demonstrated, the prospects of are also presented in this paper.
Optimization of Solar Thermo-Chemical Hydrogen Production Process
Authors: Yan Qiu Hui , Wang Bei Bei
Published: June 2012

Based on the integration of different systems and the comprehensive step utilization of energy, the system of hydrogen production by biomass gasification in supercritical water using concentrated solar energy has been coupled by using the combination of solar and biomass as an energy source. As a model compound of biomass, glucose was gasified in supercritical water at 25MPa and 873K, whether there is pre-heater water in the hydrogen production system was compared by the way of thermodynamic analysis. The results show that energy and exergy efficiency is high in the hydrogen production system with pre-heat water.
Recent Advances in Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Kan Hong Min , Zhang Ning , Wang Xiao Yang , Sun Hong
Published: June 2012

An overview of recent advances in hydrogen storage is presented in this review. The main focus is on metal hydrides, liquid-phase hydrogen storage material, alkaline earth metal NC/polymer composites and lithium borohydride ammoniate. Boron-nitrogen-based liquid-phase hydrogen storage material is a liquid under ambient conditions, air- and moisture-stable, recyclable and releases H2 controllably and cleanly. It is not a solid material. It is easy storage and transport. The development of a liquid-phase hydrogen storage material has the potential to take advantage of the existing liquid-based distribution infrastructure. An air-stable composite material that consists of metallic Mg nanocrystals (NCs) in a gas-barrier polymer matrix that enables both the storage of a high density of hydrogen and rapid kinetics (loading in <30 min at 200°C). Moreover, nanostructuring of Mg provides rapid storage kinetics without using expensive heavy-metal catalysts. The Co-catalyzed lithium borohydride ammoniate, Li(NH3)4/3BH4 releases 17.8 wt% of hydrogen in the temperature range of 135 to 250 °C in a closed vessel. This is the maximum amount of dehydrogenation in all reports. These will reduce economy cost of the global transition from fossil fuels to hydrogen energy.
Bioenergy from Gloeophyllum-Rhizopus Fungal Biofuel Cell
Authors: Awang Bakar Aimi Syahirah , Othman Raihan , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan , Othman Rashidi , Nik Din Nik Mohd. Suhaimi
Published: June 2012

Fungal biofuel cell comprising of liquid culture suspension of Gloeophyllum and Rhizopus fungal strains is studied. Gloeophyllum liquid culture forms the anolyte of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) while Rhizopus liquid culture which forms the catholyte. Bioenergy is harvested from biocatalytic redox reactions of glucose/oxygen as a result of metabolic activities of respective fungi. Pyranose-2-oxidase of Gloeophyllum catalyzes oxidation of glucose, whereas laccase produced by Rhizopus catalyzes oxygen reduction. Upon incubation period of 8 days, the Gloeophyllum-Rhizopus MFC is capable to deliver 5 mW of power output continuously for 21 days under uncontrolled, open ambient surroundings. MFC with such performance characteristics is sufficed to power remote sensing devices.
Characterization and Electrochemical Performance of Ce sub>1-XFexO 2-δ Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Running on Methane Fuel
Authors: Lv Hong , Tang Yi Ping , Hu Ke Ao
Published: June 2012

Subscript textAn anode material of Ce sub>1-xFexO sub>2-δ (x=0.1, 0.2) for the oxidation of dry methane has been investigated. Ce sub>1-xFexO2-δ is synthesized by the citrate method. The electrochemical behavior of anode is analyzed by electrochemical iSubscript textmpedance spectroscopy. Ce1-xFexO 2-δ (x=0.1, 0.2) has shown the properties of electrochemical oxidation of methane at these temperatures (550~700°C) and the polarization resistance decreases with increasing Fe content. The Ce0.9Fe0.1O2-δ showed little degradation in long-term operation while the Ce0.8Fe 0.2 O sub>2-δ showed degradation.
Kinetics of Biohydrogen Production from Ozonated Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using C. butyricum and C. acetobutylicum Co-Culture
Authors: Pisutpaisal Nipon , Hoasagul Saowaluck
Published: June 2012

Kinetics of mesophilic biohydrogen production from ozone-pretreated palm oil mill effluent (POME) using C. butyricum and C. acetobutylicum co-culture was investigated. All experiments were setup in 0.5-L batch reactors under mesophilic condition (37°C), pH 6, and POME concentration of 5,000-30,000 mg COD L-1. At the concentration of 15,000 mg COD L-1, maximum hydrogen production yield for non-ozone pretreated POME and ozone pretreated POME were 318 and 122 mL g-1 CODremoved, respectively. Acetic and butyric acids were dominant fermentation products in liquid phase. Ozone-pretreatment of POME showed no significant improvement on the hydrogen production by the co-culture.
A Brief Analysis on the Design of Polystyrene Composite Thermal Insulation Material in Terms of Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Wang Chao , Yin Zhong Hai , Chen Xue Jun
Published: June 2012

In the field of architecture, “energy-saving building” has been mentioned as a strategy which is as important as the ones of our population, resources, environment and sustainable development. The design of the building wall materials in the building envelope is the key step of the wall insulation, which can be taken as the key technology in building energy efficiency. Tests, starting from the thermal characteristics of the building envelope and the raw materials, taking heat transfer coefficient as an important parameter, show that the polystyrene particulate composite silicate thermal insulation material can be designed to meet energy-saving requirements.
Research on the Output Characteristics of Different PV Array Models
Authors: Chen Yun Yun , Ying Zhan Feng , Wu Jun Ji , Heng Si Kun
Published: June 2012

The simulation of the output characteristics of PV array is the problem to be solved firstly of the maximum power point tracking technology simulation of PV array. At present, there are three methods of PV array mathematical model building at home and abroad, but there aren’t comparative studies of their simulation effect to PV array. This paper analyses the three methods and carries out the simulation for them by MATLAB/Simulink platform. Finally, with comparing the simulation results of them, their simulation effect are basically identical, but the first mathematical model is more simple and is more helpful for the researchers to read and analyse.
Competitive Growth of ZnO and ZnS Micro-Nano Structures
Authors: He Wei Wei , Sang Jun , Li Yang , Zhao Hong Xiao , Jia Hui Min
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a facile hydrothermal method has been developed for preparation of micro/nano structures of ZnS microspheres and ZnO microrods. The morphologies and crystalline structures were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD). In the co-existence of cysteine and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA), we observed the competitive growth of ZnS and ZnO microstructures, and found that higher temperature was benefited for the formation of ZnS structures. This method may be applied for synthesis of other metal compound micro-nano structures with other metal ions. ZnS and ZnO semiconductor nanostructures as often-used photo-catalyst, we also compared their catalytical activity toward to the photo-degradation of methylene blue.