bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Production Rhythms in Synchronised Assembly Lines by Recording and Evaluating Current Processing Times
Authors: Glonegger Matthias , Ottmann Wolfgang , Schadl Markus , Distel Dominic
Published: September 2013

Increasing demands on the flexibility of assembly workers lead to numerous times of high exposure rates within one shift. Inflexible processing times in synchronised assembly lines mismatch individual, circadian variable work capacities of operators. As a result, frequent performance peaks due to limited possibilities for individualisation elevate physiological and psychological workloads. The main objective of this paper is an individualisation of assembly system performance requirements. The conceptual framework presented gives the opportunity to specify diurnal assembly system performance requirements by recording and evaluating current processing times. The authors focus on the definition of demands on selecting a workstation, on raw data as well as on time measurement. Subsequently, a methodical approach to record current processing times as well as statistical data processing is presented. Moreover, the application of the presented method leads to an analysis of one representative workstation of a German car manufacturer’s engine assembly. Based on this, the authors define the production rhythm for this workstation and deduce statements on how to adapt the production system to current performance levels preventing physiological and psychological deterioration of assembly employees.
Productivity Increase through Industrialization of Overhead in Cyber-Physical Production Systems
Authors: Potente Till , Jasinski Thomas , Wolff Bartholomaeus
Published: September 2013

The importance of knowledge workers and management staff in manufacturing companies is increasing due to a rising complexity within indirect business processes. As a result, current overhead costs account for most of the overall manufacturing costs. Despite this fact manufacturing companies disregard the productivity potentials of their indirect areas and focus predominantly on the optimisation of shop-floor processes.Cyber-physical systems constitute a technological paradigm of the current forth industrial revolution and promise a further push of labour productivity in the upcoming decades. We expand the vision of cyber-physical production systems on business processes and develop a mathematical approach to predict and analyse productivity potentials of management staff in the context of emerging cyber-physical production systems. The core element of the presented model states the collaborative productivity between people, people and smart devices and between these smart devices themselves.
Micromachining of CP-Titanium on a Desktop Machine - Study on Bottom Surface Quality in Micro End Milling
Authors: Reichenbach Ingo Gustav , Bohley Martin
Published: September 2013

With the ever-growing demand for micro products, the influence of micro-features and the functional performance of component surfaces represent a high economical potential. A competitive process for the manufacture of micro products is using micro end mills and a desktop milling machine. Since the topography of machined surfaces affects e.g. the wetting interaction or the bacterial cell adhesion, all relevant finishing steps such as the generation of a plane surface parallel to the machining table and the structuring with micro end mills have to be concerned in order to create functional surfaces. In this paper the generation of plane surfaces and chosen tool paths is described first and then the use of ultra-small micro end mills for slot milling in cp-titanium and the influence of process parameters on bottom surface quality is discussed.
A New Method for the Preparation of Cutting Edges via Grinding
Authors: Effgen Christian , Kirsch Bejamin
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a new method for the preparation of cutting edges via grinding is presented. This method enables the manufacturing of the tool macro and micro geometry in one setup without reclamping, allowing improved flexibility, repeatability and accuracy at reduced processing times. This new method is path controlled using a special elastic bond for the grinding wheels. By using elastic bond, a rounded cutting edge instead of undesired chamfers can be achieved, as the bond nestles around the cutting edge and elastically deforms. The elastic bond is specified by the grain concentration and its basic hardness. Besides the specifications of the bond, the process kinematics highly influences the properties of the cutting edge. The kinematics is a combination of the tool path (machining strategy) and the grinding wheel geometry. The presented experiments include the examination of three different kinematics using three different grinding wheel geometries, FEPA 1A1, 1V1 and 4A2. For each kinematics, three different grain concentrations and three degrees of basic bond hardness were tested, resulting in a complete amount of 27 parameter combinations. The outer diameter cutting edges of cemented carbide milling tools (end mills) were prepared in a 5-axis tool grinding machine. The shape and quality of the achieved cutting edge rounding was qualitatively evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Hot Machining: Utilisation of the Forging Heat for Efficient Turning at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Egorov Fedor
Published: September 2013

The machining at elevated workpiece temperatures has many technological advantages and was intensively addressed in research within the last 20 years. Hot machining is foremost applied for difficult to cut materials, such as stainless steels. The key reason of the advantages of hot machining of steels is a reduction of the shear strength and a prevention of phase transformation in austenitic steels. The main disadvantage of hot machining remains the requirement for heating of the workpieces in connection with large energy consumption. An optional method to avoid this disadvantage is to machine the workpieces directly after the heat treatment at elevated temperatures. This method is in focus of hot machining research at the IWT Foundation Institute of Materials Science in Bremen within the cluster project Ecoforge. Within the current work the results of turning of the precipitation hardening ferrite-pearlite (AFP-) steel in two heat treated conditions with tungsten carbide inserts are presented. The cutting forces, tool wear and the chip formation are analysed due to turning of steel 38MnVS6 in the soft condition (ferrite-pearlite) and in the heat treated condition (bainite). The results show the potential of utilisation of the heat energy from the hot forming integrated heat treatment for hot turning of forge steels with bainite structure. The experimental results pave the way to shorten the process chain for the investigated materials within the cluster project Ecoforge and reveal correlations of machining at different workpiece temperatures.
Quantitative Measurement of Gamma Activities of Radionuclides (131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K) in Human Urine Samples Collected from Residents in Southern Region of Thailand
Authors: Phakdee Napatip , Kessaratikoon Prasong , Peekhuntod Darunee
Published: September 2013

Highpurity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma spectrometry analysis system have been used for the determination of gamma activities of radionuclides (131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K) in 90 human urine samples collected from residents in four provinces (Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla and Trang) in southern region, Thailand. Gamma radioactive standard sources (109Cd, 57Co, 133Ba, 137Cs, 54Mn and 60Co) were used to calibrate the detector and measurement system. Moreover, the well-known reference material 131I in human urine were also used to analyze and determine all of human urine samples. The measuring time of each sample is 10,800 seconds. It was found that, the gamma activities of 131I, 137Cs, 134Cs and 40K in all samples were ranged from 0.35 7.74 Bq/d for 131I, 0.28 7.38 Bq/d for 137Cs, 0.20 9.93 Bq/d for 134Cs and 8.56 274.32 Bq/d for 40K with an average values of 2.40 ± 0.78 Bq/d, 2.41 ± 0.92 Bq/d, 2.66 ± 0.84 Bq/d and 93.50 ± 30.13 Bq/d, respectively. All results showed that no statistically significant correlation with the residential area. Furthermore, the present study data could be used to be a baseline data of gamma activities in human urine of Thai people in the southern Thailand. Moreover, this new database would be not only useful in comparing and assessing an amount of gamma activities inside human body but also monitoring the exposure of radioactivity to Thai people in case of emergency of nuclear accidents around the world.
Effects of Precursor Concentration on Hexagonal Structures of ZnO Nanorods Grown by Aqueous Solution Method
Authors: Limnonthakul P. , Chananonnawathorn C. , Aiempanakit K. , Kaewkhao J. , Eiamchai P. , Horprathum M.
Published: September 2013

The ZnO nanorods were fabricated on top of the seeded gold layer by the aqueous solution method with the solution of zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine (HTMA) at 90°C for 24 hours. The variety of the ZnO nanorods were prepared and investigated based on the precursor concentrations, in a range of 1 to 40 mM. The physical morphologies and crystal structures were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The results showed that, with the small precursor concentrations, the lateral growth of the nanorods was highly significant when compared to their axial growth. The precursor concentration of 20 mM was best optimized for the preparation of the ZnO nanorod arrays with the hexagonal structures at the highest rod diameter and length. At the higher concentrations, although the nanorod size remained nearly constant, the length was however rapidly decreased. Further analyses also proved that, with the increased precursor concentrations, the number density of the ZnO nanorods was progressively increased along with the more complete hexagonal wurtzite structures.
The Critical Temperature of Two-Band Superconductors with Pseudogap
Authors: Chanpoom Thaipanya , Chantrapakajee S. , Udomsamuthirun Pongkaew
Published: September 2013

The exact formula of Tc’s equation of two-band s-wave superconductors with Pseudogap in weak-coupling limit are derived by considering the influence of interband interaction. The pairing interaction in each band consisted of 2 parts the electron-phonon interaction and non-electron-phonon interaction are included in our model. It was found that the critical temperature is increased as Pseudogap, phonon coupling of 1st band constant and interband phonon coupling constant increased.
Investigation of Electrochromic WO3 Nanorods Prepared by DС Reactive Magnetron Sputtering with GLAD Technique
Authors: Chananonnawathorn C. , Horprathum M. , Eiamchai P. , Srichaiyaperk T. , Aiempanakit K. , Chindaudom P.
Published: September 2013

Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanorods were prepared by a DC reactive magnetron sputtering with a glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) technique, which promoted high surface area, for electrochromic applications. During the deposition, a high-quality tungsten target was sputtered under oxygen ambience on to Si (100) and glass/ITO substrates. The variation of the deposition time, which affected the length, size and patterns of the nanorods, was investigated based on their electrochromic properties. For physical studies, the prepared nanorods were examined by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, which demonstrated moderately ordered nanorods with amorphous phase. The results showed that the length and size of nanorod were increased, in nearly linear order, with increasing the deposition time. For optical characteristics of the prepared films, the UV-Vis spectrophotometry was use to determined their transmission spectra and optical contrasts from the colored and bleached state. The electrochromic properties were also determined from cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that, because of the optimal relations between the nanostructural length and size, the WO3 nanorods prepared at 75 minutes (approximately 422 nm) yielded the highest optical contrast and electrochromic functions.
Investigations of Physical and Optical Properties on Glass from Rice Husk Ash Doped with MnO2
Authors: Insiripong Smit , Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Kirdsiri Keerati , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

In this research work, physical and optical properties on glass prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) doped with MnO2 glasses were in investigated. RHA was sintered at 1,000 °C and use as a silica source for glass production. The glass sample were prepared and doped with different concentrations of MnO2 ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 mol%. The results are shown that the colors of glass samples were altered from colorless to brown with increasing of MnO2 concentration. Refractive index and density were increased with increasing MnO2 concentration. The absorption peaks at 440 nm were obtained for all Mn doped glasses.
A Study of the Physical and Optical Properties of Ho3+ in Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass Systems
Authors: Chimalawong Parnuwat , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Kirdsiri Keerati , Limsuwan Pichet
Published: September 2013

Soda-lime-silicate glasses in the compositions of (65-x)SiO2-25Na2O-10CaO-xHo2O3 (where x = 0.0, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 mol % ) were prepared by melt-quenching technique and characterized. The results show that, the absorption spectra of Ho3+ doped in soda-lime-silicate glass correspond with several bands, which are assigned from the ground state, 5I8 to 3H6 (360 nm), 5G4 (380 nm), 5G5 (417 nm), 5G6 (453 nm), 5F3 (479 nm), 5F4 (538 nm), 5F5 (639 nm), and 5I5 (880 nm). The refractive index and density of glasses were increase with increasing of Ho2O3 concentration. The color of glass samples is light amber with doped Ho2O3 in glass matrix.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on Structure and Optical Properties of Ta2O5 Thin Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Plirdpring T. , Horprathum M. , Chananonnawathorn C. , Eiamchai P. , Harnwunggmoung A. , Boonpichayapha T. , Lorwongtragool P. , Charoenphakdee Anek
Published: September 2013

Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) films at 400 nm thickness were prepared at room temperature by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The effect of annealing temperature on film crystallinity, microstructure and optical properties were investigated. In order to indentify the crystalline structure and film morphology, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) measurements were performance. The optical properties were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The result showed that, with the annealing treatment at high temperature (700-900°C), the as-deposited films were crystallized to orthorhombic phase of tantalum pentaoxide (β-Ta2O5). In addition, the transmittance spectrum percentage indicated 87%, which corresponded to the obtained optical characteristic. The refractive index varied at 550 nm from 2.17 to 2.21 with increased of the annealing temperature.
Study of the Localized Heating of Si Solar Cells by Thermal Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wiengmoon Buntoon
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the localized solar cells heating by thermal imaging, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical measurements and thermal infrared measurements were done on the commercial crystalline Si cells (10 cm x 10 cm). SEM was used for the observation of the localized heating. The I-V characteristics of all cells were quite similar with a small spread in the electrical parameters, while the IR images were different: some cells had quite uniform temperature profiles distribution and other ones showed the localized heating. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that some hot spots have high metal impurity contamination. The micro-structure investigation of hot spots revealed the micro-cracks presence. Our study found direct correlation between areas of high impurity contamination, micro cracks and hot-spot heating.
Maleated Natural Rubber as a Coupling Agent for Sawdust Powder Filled Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Artchomphoo Jutatip , Rattanapan Suwat
Published: September 2013

Sawdust powder filled natural rubber composites were prepared by incorporation of different loadings (20100 phr) of sawdust powder fillers. Two series of composites were studied, i.e. composites with and without maleic anhydride grafted natural rubber (NRgMAH). Grafting of maleic anhydride onto the natural rubber was done prior to compounding using an internal mixer at 145°C. The curing characteristics, hardness property and tensile properties of the composites were studied. Results indicate that the scorch time and cure time decrease with increasing filler loading whereas the maximum torque exhibit an increasing trend. Increasing sawdust powder content also increases the tensile modulus and shows superior hardness property over than 80 shore A, but the tensile strength and elongation at break decrease. As the filler loading increases, the rubberfiller interactions of the composites decrease. The interfacial interaction of sawdust powder filler and natural rubber matrix was enhanced by the addition of NRgMAH, as exhibited by the fracture surfaces of the composites using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and rubberfiller interaction studies. The presence of NRgMAH has prolonged the curing time and scorch time and enhanced the tensile properties.
Fabrication of Glass Foams from Industrial Wastes Used as Insulating Board
Authors: Pawanawichian K. , Thiemsorn W. , Wannagon Anucha , Laoarun P.
Published: September 2013

nsulating glass foam (IGF) was successfully fabricated by wet process. The starting proportion of 65 wt% waste glass, 12 wt% slag, 23 wt% commercial soap was added with 15 wt% Na2SiO3 and represented then was sintered at 725 °C. The IGF had cellular structure with the macro-pore size at 0.428 mm and thin cell walls. Density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength were 0.310 g/cm3, 0.130 W/m.K and 0.78 MPa, respectively. The average pore diameter and porosity increased with increasing the Na2SiO3 concentration and the sintering temperature. On the other hand, the density, thermal conductivity and compressive strength were decreased.
Preparation and Characterization of the New Y257 Superconductors
Authors: Kruaehong Thitipong
Published: September 2013

The new Y257 superconductor in YBaCuO family was synthesized by standard solid state reaction. The Y257 samples were measured the critical temperature (Tc) by the four-probes method that found at 90 K. The XRD technique and FULLPROF program were used to determine the lattice parameters, space group and phase compositions. It was found that the Y257 exhibited in both of superconducting and non-superconducting phase. The Pmmm space group was fit well on superconducting phase with the lattice parameters as a=3.8108 Å, b=3.8544 Å and c=26.4967 Å. The non-superconducting phase exhibited in two space groups of Pccm (a=12.9770 Å, b=20.54780 Å and c=11.3530 Å) and Im-3m (a= 18.2104 Å, b=18.2104 Å and c=18.2104 Å). The peritectic temperature at 976.73°C was measured by differential thermal analysis.
The Increment Valuated of Natural Ruby by Heat Treatment
Authors: Kittiauchawal T. , Kaewkhao J. , Limsuwan P.
Published: September 2013

This research aims to investigate the effects of heat treatment on color and clarity of ruby. The ruby were heated at 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500 and 1600°C in oxygen atmosphere for 40 hours, respectively. Each ruby before heated and after heated, the color measurement by spectrophotometer, to observe color changing and clarity. Found that, the samples had beautiful red and clarity more than before heated. So that, heat treatment of ruby at high temperature in oxygen atmosphere, could to increment valuated of natural ruby.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy of Argon Plasma Jet
Authors: Honglertkongsakul Kanchaya
Published: September 2013

Argon plasma jet in a single-electrode configuration was generated at low temperature and atmospheric pressure by 50 kHz radiofrequency power supply. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was used to investigate the local emissivity of argon plasma in the range between 200 and 1,100 nm. The spatial distribution of reactive species was measured at different distances of the plasma expansion from the nozzle exit such as 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm. These measurements were obtained to analyze the plasma parameters such as electron temperature and electron density. The effect of distances of the plasma expansion from the nozzle exit on the plasma parameters was studied. The main intensive argon lines were found in the region between 690 and 970 nm. The electron temperature was found in the range of 0.5-1.1 eV. The electron density was found in the range of 4.0x1012-1.2x1013 cm-3. The plasma parameters strongly depended on the distances of the plasma expansion from the nozzle exit.
Upconversion Luminescence Study of Er3+ in Gadolinium-Calcium- Silicoborate Glasses
Authors: Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Kim Hong Joo , Insiripong Smit , Chanthima Natthakridta , Kaewjaeng Siriprapa , Maghanemi Utumma
Published: September 2013

The new glass series were prepared in compositions 25Gd2O3-10CaO-10SiO2-(55-x) B2O3-xEr2O3 (where x is 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol %) by normal melt-quenching technique at the melting temperature of 1,400 °C. The optical spectra were measured and shown absorption bands were assigned to appropriate f-f electronic transitions of Er3+ ions from the 4I15/2 ground state to the following excited states: 4G11/2, 2H9/2, 4F5/2, 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I9/2 and 4I11/2. Single peak from upconversion luminescence was observed at 531 nm (green) is assigned to the 2H11/24I15/2. In this work, the strongest peak at 2.0 % mol of Er2O3 was observed. In this work, suggests that the Er3+ ion in gadolinium calcium silicoborate glasses possibly considered as a potential candidate for applications in upconversion-based optical devices.
Interface Polarization Effect on Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Polyurethane (PU)/Polyaniline (PANI) Polymer Composites
Authors: Putson Chatchai , Jaaoh Darika , Muensit Nantakan
Published: September 2013

In this study conductive polymer composites of polyurethane (PU)/polyaniline (PANI) below the percolation threshold were prepared by using solution casting. The dispersion of the conductive PANI fillers within the PU matrix was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results showed a relatively homogeneous dispersion of the PANI fillers within the polymeric matrix. The effects of filler concentration on the dielectric and electrical conductivity depend upon the interface between conductive filler and matrix. Dielectric properties and ac conductivity of polymer composites have been investigated at different frequencies (102 - 105 Hz). The results show that the dielectric constant, dielectric loss and the electrical conductivity are strongly dependent on the frequency. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased, whereas electrical conductivity increased with increasing frequency. In addition, the dielectric constant and conductivity increase when concentration of PANI increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) presented an enhanced the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer composite with increasing PANI fillers. A correlation of Tg and the interface polarization between the PANI fillers and PU matrix on dielectric properties was proposed.
Performance of Near-Infrared Reflective Tile Roofs
Authors: Thongkanluang Thadsanee , Wutisatwongkul Jantharat , Chirakanphaisarn Neramitr , Pokaipisit Artorn
Published: September 2013

A green pigments based on a Cr2O3-Al2O3-V2O5-TiO2composition have been synthesized and the ability of these pigments used with ceramic glazes to confer high solar reflectance has also been studied. Cr2O3is the host component and the adding mixtures of Al2O3, V2O5and TiO2as the guest components. The composition denoted by T1 composes of Cr2O3, TiO2, Al2O3and V2O5are 80, 4, 14 and 2 wt%, respectively, gives near infrared solar reflectance of 82.8%. T1 green pigments were prepared for ceramic cool tile roofs (denoted by T1 cool roof). The comparison study on the effectiveness of T1 ceramic cool roofs and a commercial ceramic cool tile roofs (denoted by C cool roof) show that the T1 cool roof has given a better result by keeping the tested room about 4 °C cooler.
The Crystalline Monitoring of Oxide Compound: The Case Study of Influence from Heat Treatment
Authors: Kuha P. , Teanchai K. , Kongsriprapan S. , Siriprom Wichian
Published: September 2013

In present study, the structural and thermal characterizations of the natural material were investigated, the relationship between the crystal structure and thermal treatment were studied. The relationship between temperature and features of the crystal structure were determined qualitative by three conventional analysis techniques, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results show that theBabylonia areolatahave a crystalline of calcium carbonate in phase aragonite, and the rice husks have amorphous structure. Another that, both sample annealed under air atmosphere, the effect of temperature induced both materials have phase transformation. Both sample transformed into oxide compound at temperature about 900C. In addition, the composition of both mineral and the level of the metals element were investigated by EDXRF. Functional group and chemical environment of silicon ions and calcium ions were identified by FT-IR, respectively.
Fabrication and I-V Characterization with Monochromatic Light of Multilayer Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-CNT/C60 Thin Films on ITO Glass Substrate
Authors: Sansomboon A. , Jungwon T. , Pasitsuparoad P. , Subannajui K. , Osotchan T.
Published: September 2013

Multilayer poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT/C60 thin films on ITO glass substrate was fabricated regarding to the function of each layer. Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is used as a donor layer and fullerene (C60) is used as an acceptor layer of the device. The carbon-nanotube (CNT) is homogeneously mixed in the donor layer to increase charge transportability. The structures of poly (3-hexylthiophene), poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT were fabricated in comparison of poly (3-hexylthiophene)-CNT/C60 thin films. The P3HT-CNT bulk heterojunction was deposited on ITO glass substrate by spin coating technique and then the C60 thin film was deposited on the P3HT by thermal evaporating technique. The I-V characteristic of ITO/P3HT-CNT/Al and ITO/P3HT-CNT/C60/Al were investigated in the monochromatic light. The result showed that the ITO/P3HT-CNT/Al structures respond with red and green light, and the ITO/P3HT-CNT/C60/Al structure responds with blue light. The UV absorption was measured and the result was consistence with the I-V characterization.
Characterization of ZrN Thin Films Deposited by Reactive DC Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Choeysuppaket Attapol , Witit-Anun Nirun , Chaiyakun Surasing
Published: September 2013

In the past decade, many transition metal nitride thin films, especially titanium nitride (TiN) and zirconium nitride (ZrN), have been widely used as hard coatings, decorative coatings, diffusion barriers in IC technology and heat mirrors, as a result of their attractive properties of high hardness, corrosion resistance, thermal stability and electrical resistivity [1-4]. However, the ZrN films have shown significant performance regarding to its higher hardness, better corrosion resistance, lower electrical resistivity and warmer golden colour compared to those of the TiN films. ZrN films have shown significant performance advantages over TiN films [5-.
Color Change of Spodumene Gemstone by Electron Beam Irradiation
Authors: Noithong Pannipa , Pakkong Panee , Naemchanthara Kittisakchai
Published: September 2013

Study on the electron beam irradiation color change induction of spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) samples, which color exhibit green, pink and colorless. Characteristic the electron-beam irradiation dose were selected 30,000 kGy, 40,000 kGy and 50,000 kGy. The color and fading of spodumene samples were analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer , crystal structure were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometer, free radical species of impurities were determined by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrometer before and after irradiation. The results revealed the color of spodumene samples changed after irradiation, from green spodumene became a little darker color, pink spodumene became green color, colorless spodumene became pink to purple color the results of the color analysis and fading displayed on the CIE L* a* b* color system, color change spodumene samples were determined by values changed of a* and b*. Color fade of spodumene were determined by values changed of L*. The results of all samples crystal structure analysis were shown on the XRD patterns of the JCPDS No. 89-6662 (Spodumene) with monoclinic structure. The radical analysis results of impurity elements, green and pink only appear the ESR pattern of manganese (Mn2+), and chromium (Cr3+), respectively. It can be conclusion that intensity of color change depend on the irradiation dose and impurity elements in spodumene samples.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of La-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Precipitation Method
Authors: Suwanboon Sumetha , Amornpitoksuk Pongsaton , Muensit Nantakan
Published: September 2013

ZnO and La-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation method by using Zn (CH3COO)22H2O, (CH2)6N4, (PEO)128-(PPO)54-(PEO)128 and LaCl3H2O as zinc source, precipitating agent, capping agent and dopant, respectively. The calcined samples exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The smallest particle size of pure ZnO nanoparticles of about 88 nm was obtained when 0.7 mmol (PEO)128-(PPO)54-(PEO)128 was used. The particle size of La-doped ZnO nanoparticles increased when La concentrations increased. The La-doped ZnO nanoparticles showed the energy band gap between 3.159-3.222 eV.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Sm3+ in Bismuth Borate Glass
Authors: Rakpanich Suwat , Chanthima Natthakridta , Kim Hong Joo , Djamal Mitra , Limsuwan Pichet , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

In this research present the results of the analysis of Sm3+ ions doped bismuth borate glasses. Optical measurements such as absorption, excitation and emission profiles have been carried out. Glasses with the chemical compositions (50-x)B2O350Bi2O3xSm2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.50 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching method. The emission spectrum of Sm3+ doped bismuth borate glasses has shown the emission transitions of to 4G5/26H 5/2 (563 nm), 4G5/26H 7/2 (598 nm), 4G5/26H9/2 (644 nm). Energy level schemes relating to the emission mechanisms involved in Sm3+ glasses have been given.
Effect of Rice Husk Ash to Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks
Authors: Janbuala Sutas , Kitthawee Udomsak , Aermbua Mana , Laoratanakul Pitak
Published: September 2013

This research explored the effect of rice husk ash on the mechanical properties of clay bricks, for example, strength, density, and water absorption. Rice husk ash, varying 0 to 5% by weight, was added. The results showed that porosity increased when adding rice husk. Adding 3% rice husk ash by weight showed the best mechanical brick properties, with 13.50 MPa of compressive strength, 1.69 g/cm3 of density, and 11.50% of water absorption.
The Effect of Heat-Treatment on the Phase Transformation of Hard Clam Shell
Authors: Poch-Chongdach Kulnicha , Kaewkhao Jakrapong , Siriprom Wichian , Teanchai Kanyakorn , Limsuwan Pichet , Kirdsiri Keerati
Published: September 2013

The aim of this work is to a systematic study of trace element, crystal structure and structural transformation upon heat treatment. The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) shells was ground and characterized as powder throughout this work. Trace element of the hard clam shells was determination easiest and fasts by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques, while the crystal structure was identifications by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The result showed that, the element content are Calcium (Ca), Aluminum (Al), Titanium (Ti), Ferrum (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Strontium (Sr), along with the crystal structure of the hard clam shells from the XRD patterns is shown aragonite phase. Another that, the consequence of heat treatment was annealed the hard clam shell samples at specific temperature over the range 300 1200 °C were studied.
Preparation of Ruby Red Glasses from Gold Nanoparticles: Influence of Soaking Time
Authors: Ruangtaweep Yotsakit , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: September 2013

In this research, effects of soaking time in melting glass process on red color development have been investigated. The red glasses were prepared from gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with compositions of 70.475SiO2 : 11Na2O : 9CaO : 9K2O : 0.005SeO2 : 0.5SnO2 : 0.02AuNPs % by weight and vary soaking time at 1 to 5 hours. The glasses were melted the normal melt-quench technique. The color of glasses were measured by uv-visible spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 300-900 nm and color coordinate in CIEL*a*b* system. The result found that, the glasses sample with 1 and 2 hours of soaking time are shown purple color. At 3, 4 and 5 hours of soaking time are shown red color. The results reflecting that the particle size of gold particle in glass matrices at 3, 4 and 5 hours are smaller than 1 and 2 hours of soaking time.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Armchair GaN Nanoribbons with AlN Edges: First-Principles Study
Authors: Du Xiu Juan , Chen Zheng , Zhang Jing , Ning Zhao Rong
Published: September 2013

Under the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the structural and electronic properties of armchair GaN nanoribbons with AlN edges have been investigated by using the first-principles projector-augmented wave (PAW) potential within the density function theory (DFT) framework. The results reflect that the band gaps of the armchair GaN nanoribbons (AGaNNRs) are vibrated with the increasing ribbon width. For Al, Ga, H and N atom, the successively increasing electronegativity of 3.04, 2.1, 1.81 and 1.61 causes the successive increase of the charge density. These results are very useful for the applications of the AGaNNRs.
Preparation and Viscoelastic Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites
Authors: Zhao Qun , Yan Ke Lu
Published: September 2013

The objective of this work is to study the viscoelastic properties by which nanofillers produce mechanical reinforcement in polymers using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). To this purpose, waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composites films with various filler contents were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion followed by emulsion casting process. In frequency sweep tests, the storage modulus and loss modulus were recorded and modeled by the Power Law equation. CNCs precipitation significantly increased the steady state viscous properties of cellulose nanocoposite films but decreased the dynamic viscoelastic properties and frequency sensitivity of nanocomposite films.
Preparation and Thermophysical Properties of SiO2 Nanofluids
Authors: Niu Yan Fang , Zhao Wei Llin , Gong Yu Ying
Published: September 2013

Aqueous nanofluids composed of SiO2 nanoparticles with different sizes (15 nm, 30 nm, 50 nm) at a low volume concentration were prepared by a two-step method. The suspension and dispersion characteristics were experimentally examined by the zeta potential, average size and absorption spectrum. The thermophysical properties, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, surface tension and latent heat of vaporization were experimentally measured. A lot of thermophysical data of SiO2 nanofluids were obtained. The influences of the particle size, particle volume concentration and temperature on thermophysical properties were discussed briefly.
Effect of Electrolytic/Chemical Pretreatment on Adhesion Strength of DLC Coatings on 304 Stainless Steel Substrate
Authors: Jin Yi Dong , Nie Chao Yin , Ran Chun Hua , Zhu Wen , Zhao Yang , Xu Shao Shuang
Published: September 2013

To improve adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate,we studied substrate pretreatment by electrolytic/chemical etching methods.In this study,The DLC coatings were deposited on two groups of 304 stainless steel which had been electrolytically and chemically etched separately. The morphology of the coatings and substrate were characterized by SEM and metalloscope. The surface roughness of substrate was measured by roughness tester .The result shows that adhesion strength of DLC coatings on 304 stainless steel substrate is improved obviously due to mechanical interlock,surface adsorption and stress release.With prolonging the etching time,the adhesion strength of DLC coatings on the chemically etched substrate increase firstly and then decrease. The adhesion strength of DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate continuously increase. DLC coatings on electrolytically etched substrate perform better than the one on chemically etched substrate in adhesion.This is caused by the different surface morphology.
Effect of Reflux Time on Photocatalytic Properties of N-TiO2 Synthesized by Reflux Method
Authors: Li Hong Cui , Wu De Yong
Published: September 2013

The effects of reflux time and pH on the photocatalytic properties of N-TiO2photocatalyst were researched, which was prepared from titanium n-butoxide by reflux method at low temperature employing triethylamine as nitrogen source. The N-TiO2catalysts prepared prepared with reflux time for 6 h and 12 h shown better visible-light photocatalytic activity.
Preparation of P-and S-Containing UV-Cured Cardanol Polymers via Thiol-Ene Click Chemistry
Authors: Li Chuang , Bai Xiong Xiong , Cheng Chuan Jie , Hu Zhong Yu
Published: September 2013

Tricardanolic phosphite was synthesized in 65% yield. This cardanol-derived small molecular compound was successfully transformed into UV-cured resin via thiol-ene click reaction, by using 4,4-di (mercaptomethyl) benzophenone as both a photoinitiator and a crosslinker. The fully bio-based P-and S-containing resin is expected to be flame-retardant materials.
UV Sensitive Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide MOS- FET Fabricated by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method
Authors: Dai Jun , Fan Yi Jie , Sun Qiang
Published: September 2013

Transparent indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film was fabricated on SiO2/Si substrate by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. The IGZO thin film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron energy spectrum to determine its optical, structural properties and binding energy information. The IGZO thin film was employed to construct metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOS-FET), which showed an on/off current of about 103. When the device was illuminated by UV light, the drain-to-source current was increased by 15 folders at -5 V gate voltages. The result indicates that the IGZO MOS-FET is sensitive to UV light.
Effect of Sol Infiltration on Microstructures of Biomorphic TiO2
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Ya Hui
Published: September 2013

Biomorphic TiO2 was respectively prepared by two different titania sol infiltration routes. The morphology and microstructure of TiO2 samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that the final TiO2 poorly replicates the shape and microstructure of carbon template by repeating five infiltration procedures. By another repeated infiltration/pyrolysis route, the TiO2 better retains the shape and part microstructure of carbon template.
Effect of Cerium-Rich Mischmetal Addition on the Microstructure and Properties of Die-Cast Mg-Alloys
Authors: Jiang De Ping , Yao Zong Xiang
Published: September 2013

Effects of Cerium-rich mischmetal addition on the microstructure and properties of die casting magnesium alloy were investigated in the series of experiments. The results indicate that a new phase appeared in the microstructure with the additional of mischmetal .The new phase Al11(Ce,La)3 can not only refine the grains, but also affect the mechanical properties of the alloys. The effect degree was different with the diffetent Al concentration When the Al concentration was 8%, and the addition amount of the Cerium-rich mischmetal was 1.5%, the properties of fhe alloys reached its optimal values at room temperature.
Total Pressure Gradient Incidence on Hygrothermal Transfer in Highly Porous Building Materials
Authors: Abahri Kamilia , Belarbi Rafik , Oudjehani N. , Issaadi N. , Ferroukhi M.
Published: September 2013

A new experimental investigation is conducted to extract conclusions about the magnitude of moisture transfer due to the total air pressure difference, generally, caused by wind or pressurization by ventilation, on hygroscopic porous wall. A special constructed setup tolerating the creation of low total pressure gradient at different relative humidity conditions is performed. The resulting moisture flux and the hygrothermal state around and within the material are monitored. Then, a characterization of the intrinsic moisture infiltration coefficient is defined. This coefficient is used as an input parameter in simulation models. The experimental procedure points out diverging conclusions between different testing materials (wood fibrous insulation, OSB and aerated concrete). In fact, the amount of moisture infiltration is completely dependent on both combination of total pressure gradient value and hygrometry of the specimen. It has an important contribution on the moisture transfer, in walls, relatively to that induced by vapor diffusion phenomenon.
Coupled Timber – Concrete Ceiling Using Bonded Shear Connectors
Authors: Čajka Radim , Burkovič Kamil
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with the possibilities of using coupled timber-concrete structures by means a glued coupling bar. The described process of static reinforcement is particularly suitable for reconstruction of historic timber ceilings and places where it is necessary to prevent damage to non-supporting structures (e.g. ceiling, plaster, stucco decorations, etc.). The method is also employed in those cases where it is necessary to allow traffic-flow in the rooms below the reconstructed ceiling. The article describes the specific technological process that has been examined in the reconstruction of the ceiling structure of a house on Sokolska Street in Ostrava. Following experimental testing in laboratories at the Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB - TU Ostrava the technology of bonded shear bars under static reinforcement of timber ceilings was first applied and successfully tested in construction practice.
Stress Discontinuities in Normal Stress Distribution of Adhesively Bonded Beams
Authors: He Xiao Cong
Published: September 2013

This paper deals with the stress discontinuities in normal stress distribution of adhesively bonded beams. The 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to model the beams and predict the normal stress distribution along the whole beam. The FEA results indicated that there are stress discontinuities existing in the normal stress distribution within adhesive layer and adherends at the lower interface and the upper interface of the boded section. The numerical values of the normal stress concentration at key locations of the beams and the stress concentration ratio are discussed.
Applications of High-Efficiency Insulations for Building Energy Saving
Authors: Kwon Young Cheol
Published: September 2013

To fight global warming, we must understand what our energy options are. By far the most important option is efficiency, which is the easiest, quickest, and least expensive way to fight global warming. The most efficient way to decrease the energy consumption of buildings is to increase the insulation of thermal envelopes such as the roof and exterior walls. Globally, many countries have targets to reduce building energy consumption and to provide energy efficient buildings such as passive house and zero energy buildings. This paper presents the applications of high-efficiency insulations for passive house and zero energy buildings. Insulation cost is a small percentage of the total construction cost, but the saved energy cost is large making payback periods short. Considering the possibility of rise of oil price and the exhaustion of fossil fuel, insulation should be added beyond the level that any building insulation code requires.
Modernization of Technology and Organization of Production of Triethylaluminium Co-Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Tumasev R.V. , Arkatov O.A. , Goryaynov M.A. , Dudchenko V.K. , Mayer E.A. , Pestryakov A.N.
Published: September 2013

Actual and prospective Russian market of polyolefins is analyzed. Growth of polyolefin capacities and triethylaluminium consumption as co-catalyst with Ti-Mg catalysts for polypropylene production in Russian Federation is shown. Quality of Russian and foreign triethylaluminium is compared. Project of modernization of TEA installation at Tomskneftekhim LTD is presented.
Experimental Research of Concrete Resistance to Freezing-Thawing by Double Mixing Steel Slag
Authors: Shang Jian Li , Li Xiang
Published: September 2013

This work is aimed at resistance to durability of steel slag concrete containing different kinds of steel slag based on maximum utilization of industrial waste residue. The experimental investigation is conducted to study the resistance property to freezing-thawing of concrete which containing steel slag aggregate (SSA), steel slag powder (SSP) and ground granulated blast furnace slag powder (GSP) respectively. One of the specimens is made of ordinary concrete without steel slag as baseline group, the other three concrete specimens are fabricated with the utilization of SSA, and the replacement level is 25%, in combination with 30% SSP or 30% SSP/20% GSP by total binder content. The durable property of steel slag concrete in this study is freezing-thawing resistance, microscopic properties are analyzed by SEM and XRD tests. Experimental results indicate that the concrete which SSA replacement level is 25%, and in combination with 30% SSP and 20% GSP, resistance property of freezing-thawing is superior to baseline group, total dosage of steel slag achieved to 55%. And the mechanism of combined action by adding steel slag is discussed in this paper.
Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties and Fire Resistance of Steel-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Ouyang Dong , Kong Lin Jie , Fu Hao , Lu Liu Li , Liao Long , Huang Chen Wu
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates the mechanical properties and the fire resistance of steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete. The type of the polypropylene fibers are polypropylene monofilament fiber, polypropylene fibrillated fiber, and macro polypropylene fiber, and the type of the steel fibers is hooked steel fiber. The experimental results show that the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural properties of steel-macro polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are better than any others. And the fire resistance of steel-monofilament polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete is the best.
Analysis Content of 1-methyl-3-butyl Imidazole Tetrafluoroborate in Water by UV-Spectrum
Authors: Song Yang Yang , Tian Peng , Yu Lu
Published: September 2013

1-methyl-3-butyl Imidazole tetrafluoroborate is prepared by BMIC and NaBF4 in the acetone. Scanning ionic liquid in 200~400nm wavelength range, get UV-spectrum curve. The ionic liquid used in the experiment has obvious absorption in 200~400nm wavelength range, and the maximum absorption wavelength determined by ultraviolet spectrometry method is 221nm. Linear regression equation is y=0.01128x+0.027. Correlation coefficient is 0.99957, indicating there is high related degree between the solution concentration and the absorbance value. The linear range of BMIBF4 ionic liquid in the water is 1-75 mg/L. Take samples randomly and have a repeated determination 5 times, the precision is RSD=0.29%, the recovery rate is between 99.0%~102.3%.