bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algo le duele a México
Authors: Salazar Mendoza Margarita
Published: December 2024

En la Feria del Libro de la Frontera que se llevó a cabo este 2024 en el Centro de Convenciones Injectronic, entre las diversas presentaciones, estuvo la de la obra de David Guevara Camargo, ¿Qué te duele, México? Francisco Hinojosa y la tragedia vista de espaldas. En el 2022, este ensayo obtuvo el primer lugar en la convocatoria que cada año lanza la UACJ, Voces al Sol, y vio la luz a finales del 2023. Este es un certamen dirigido a los creadores que viven en Ciudad Juárez, y David es originario de esta ciudad y en ella reside. En nuestra ciudad, es raro que las personas participen en convocatorias que se refieran a ensayos, es más común que la gente concurse en la categoría de cuentos o novelas.
FIRMA ELECTRÓNICA EN COLOMBIA: UN ACELERADOR EN LA OPTIMIZACIÓN DE RECURSOS Y PROCESOS
Authors: Rojas Meneses Kely Yohana , Salamanca Polanco Leonardo , Franco Calderon José Alejandro
Published: December 2024

La firma electrónica a través del tiempo ha transformado la eficiencia operativa y mejorado la optimización de recursos en diversas industrias a nivel mundial, mediante herramientas como DocuSign y Adobe Acrobat Sign, que digitalizan y optimizan los procesos de firma de documentos legales, contratos, plantillas entre otros según la necesidad de cada industria.
Actualmente existen diferentes marcos legales creados y adoptados por cada uno de los países que la utilizan que regulan su uso, lo que promueve su aceptación de forma segura, consciente y legal.  Sin embargo, es fundamental educar a los usuarios sobre la seguridad, legalidad y efectividad de estas herramientas para romper barreras culturales y fomentar su implementación efectiva, garantizando así su efectividad al 100%.
Como cualquier solución tecnológica cuenta con ventajas y desventajas que pueden aumentar o disminuir dependiendo del punto de vista, pero lo importante es que este tipo de solución permite optimizar muchos procesos en diferentes ámbitos. Hoy en día en nuestro país tenemos acceso a gran variedad de soluciones dentro de las cuales se encuentran las más importantes según Gartner; de éstas se incluyen algunas características en este artículo y ejemplos de uso.
Finalmente se describen algunos casos de éxito locales que demuestran el potencial de la solución de firma electrónica a través de Adobe Acrobat  Sign y se presenta una Prueba de Concepto realizada en conjunto con la Corporación Universitaria Republicana, cuyos resultados resaltan las ventajas que puede tener la firma electrónica en cualquier institución y/o empresa.
Analysis of the Effect of Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Spreading Toward Sharia Stock Market in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat Sunjoto Arie , Umam Khoirul , Huda Miftahul , Maisaroh Aribah Shafira
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the influence of the spread of Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19), the policies of Indonesian Government during pandemic (i.e. work from home, large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) and community activities restriction enforcement (PPKM), the movement of FTSE 100 and Nasdaq Composite indexes on Islamic stock market in Indonesia (represented by the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index). This study utilizes the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Correction Model (FEVD) approach, with the range data from September 2019 to November 2022.  The results of this research indicates that the VECM test showed that Covid-19 case in Indonesia and the movement of FTSE 100 had a significant positive effect on ISSI in the long term. Meanwhile, in the short term, Covid-19 case in Indonesia and government policies have had a significant negative effect on ISSI. In the IRF test, this shows that the Covid-19 case in Indonesia and government policies during pandemic have had a significant negative effect on ISSI. Conversely, the movement of the FTSE 100 and Nasdaq Composite Index has a significant positive effect on ISSI. In the FEVD test, it can be seen that the biggest contribution to ISSI shock movement was the shock itself of 85.24% and was followed by government policies, the Covid-19 case, FTSE 100 and Nasdaq. This investigation use three variables in order to search the effect of these factors on the movement of sharia stock market in Indonesia. The stock market represented by Indonesian Sharia Stock Index (ISSI).
The Legal Politics of Formality and Substance of the Medina Constitution
Authors: Zaman Jamrud
Published: December 2024

The Medina Charter is considered the first constitution in the world because it has almost the same content as the modern constitution. So the study of the discussion of the history of the establishment of the Medina Charter, the politics of law, and the content of the material content is very necessary to be examined to be a material renewal of the modern constitution today. This research aims to be a comparative material with modern constitutions and as a material for constitutional reform in any country. This research is normative research with historical and comparative approaches. The data source of this research uses a literature study by tracing books and journals. While the data analysis method uses content analysis. The Medina Charter was formed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. when he came to Medina to create peace and form a force to protect the city of Medina from outside attacks. The Medina Charter in the concept of Philippe Nonet and Philip Selznick's legal criteria includes responsive law because it contains characteristics, namely democratic making, equality in law, no partiality, made for public needs, and shared morality realized for the common good. The Medina Charter is said to be the first modern constitution in the world because its content is in line with modern constitutions, namely the protection of human rights, duties and obligations of citizens, politics of peace and unity, material provisions of the law, and state institutions.
Understanding ChatGPT: A Worldview Study
Authors: Suryo Bramantyo , Muttaqin Muhammad Azhar , Mulia Insani Iftitah Afiat , Affandi Muchammad Taufiq
Published: December 2024

This study compares the Islamic worldview, which emphasizes religious authority and intuition as sources of knowledge, and the contemporary worldview, which focuses on rationalism and empiricism. From the Islamic perspective, the tradition of khabar shadiq, which is based on revelation and religious authority, serves as the foundation of knowledge, differing from the Western view that relies more on the scientific method and various data sources, including big data. Modern technology, such as ChatGPT, which utilizes big data, raises ethical and epistemological questions in the Islamization of science. ChatGPT itself faces limitations in its knowledge, while big data often encounters issues of inaccuracy and bias. Therefore, serious consideration is needed regarding ethics in developing and using technology like ChatGPT and its alignment with Islamic values in modern technology. This study highlights the importance of considering epistemological and ethical issues in modern technology to ensure a positive contribution to the advancement of Islamic civilization while maintaining the integrity of values from the Islamic worldview perspective.
Unravelling the Impact of Changing Rainy Seasons on Rice Production in Southeast Asia: A Climate Change High-resolution Perspective
Authors: Hariadi Mugni Hadi , Sutanto Samuel Jonson , Schrier Gerard van der , Supit Iwan , Ratri Dian Nur , Steeneveld Gert-Jan , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Tank Albert Klein
Published: December 2024

Southeast Asia is a major contributor to global rice production. Yet, this production is increasingly threatened by climate change, particularly by changes in the rainy season. In this study, We examine the impact of shifts in seasonal cumulative rainfall and characteristics of the rainy season on rice production across Southeast Asia. To achieve this, we utilize the framework of the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP) in conjunction with rice production estimates from the World Food Studies (WOFOST) crop model.
Our findings reveal a trend towards drier conditions during the dry season across the region.
A decrease in cumulative rainfall is observed during December-January-February in mainland Southeast Asia and the Philippines, with rainfall reductions reaching up to 33\% and 15\% in certain areas, respectively.
In Indonesia, a decrease in rainfall during the June-July-August period was observed across the majority of the region, with some areas experiencing a decrease of up to 48\%.
This trend is also accompanied by delays in the onset of the rainy season and a reduction in its duration across most of the region.
A significant reduction in the rainy season duration, up to 27 days, was found over the southern Philippines, where delays in the onset of the season are followed by an early cessation.
The changes in rainfall patterns negatively impact rainfed rice production. Increased rainfall during the second growing season (GS-2) in certain areas of Mainland Southeast Asia and the Philippines enhances rice yields, while reduced rainfall during GS-1 and GS-3 in Java reduces yields. The most substantial effects are observed during GS-3 in Java, with a substantial decrease in yield attributed to reduced rainfall and a shorter rainy season.
In addition, rice irrigation simulations indicate that rising temperatures will shorten the growing season, consequently resulting in lower yields.
Effective adaptation strategies are crucial to mitigate the decline in rice production. Our analysis suggests that a simple adaptation measure, such as shifting from the C3 photosynthesis type to the C4 photosynthesis crop, may not suffice. Additionally, enhancing and refining agricultural systems is needed to bridge potential yield gaps, emerging as a recommended approach.
Larger-than-Memory Stateful Stream Processing with WindFlow
Authors: Frassinelli Simone , Mencagli Gabriele
Published: December 2024

In the stream processing paradigm, a huge volume of data is continu- ously processed by standing queries that extract insights from raw inputs. Such queries often keep an internal state (representing useful information of the stream history) to produce results. Examples of state paradigms are notably sliding win- dows, where computation is periodically repeated over the last received data (e.g., inputs received in the last ten seconds sliding every half a second). Furthermore, such a state is replicated per distinct key, which is a user-defined attribute used to partition the same physical stream into logical sub-streams. The combination of several keys (often millions in real-world scenarios), and the window size, make the overall state of a streaming query huge and potentially greater than the avail- able memory. This is particularly critical in small low-end devices where stream analyses might be run to analyze data closer to data producers, like in the Edge computing paradigm. In this paper, we focus on this problem and on how a popu- lar Key-Value Store (KVS) can be integrated into the WindFlow stream processing library. The idea is to design a new set of persistent operators able to transpar- ently move state objects in secondary memory without manual user intervention. The paper shows our design and implementation, and an experimental evaluation based on a set of benchmarks.
Using the cardinal temperature approach to determine the potential distribution of Inga jinicuil in Mexico under climate change scenarios
Authors: Sampayo-Maldonado Salvador , Cabrera-Santos Daniel , Dávila-Aranda Patricia , Rodríguez-Arévalo Norma Isela , Orozco-Segovia Alma , Gianella Maraeva , Bell Elizabeth , Way Michael , Manson Robert H. , Quintas Gabina S. , Flores-Ortíz Cesar M. , Ulian Tiziana
Published: December 2024

Inga jinicuil is used extensively in shade coffee farms in Mexico, a diversified agroforestry system providing important environmental goods and services. However, its recalcitrant seeds represent an important barrier to its propagation. The objective of the study was to determine the cardinal germination temperatures for I. jinicuil using linear and non-linear models, as well as the species’ potential distribution under contrasting climate change scenarios using the GISS-E2-1-G model. Seeds were placed in germination chambers at constant temperatures of 5 ± 2 to 40 ± 2°C, and their thermal responses were then modelled using a thermal timing approach. Results indicated a good fit of models of I. jinicuil germination in response to temperature. Seeds germinated across a wide temperature range from 4.8 to 49.2°C, with an optimal temperature between 29.58 and 33.02°C. The suboptimal thermal time (𝜃1(50)) for germination of 50% of the seed lot was 117.164 ± 0.636 Cd, which under current climatic conditions is reached in 6.6 days. According to climate modeling, the distribution of I. jinicuil populations will decrease by up to 23% in the future relative to the current distribution. Results indicate that high temperatures have a negative effect on germination, which may be related to seed physiology. More research on seed germination and growth is needed to improve the management and conservation of this species and its continued use as a shade tree in coffee agroforestry systems.
A Universal Defense Strategy Against Adversarial Attacks Based on Attention-Guided
Authors: Zhao Jiawei , Xie Lizhe , Zhang Yuning , Gu Siqi , Wang Zheng , Hu Yining
Published: December 2024

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples. The existence of adversarial examples significantly hinders the development of deep learning technologies in domains with high-security requirements. However, current defense methods often lack universality, being effective only against specific adversarial attacks. This study focuses on analyzing adversarial examples through changes in model attention, classifying attack algorithms into attention-shifting and attention-attenuation categories. To counter attention-shifting attacks, a defense module named Feature Pyramid-based Attention Space-guided (FPAS) is proposed, which spatially retracts the shifting attention in adversarial examples, thereby enhancing the model's overall defense capability. Attention-based Non-Local (ANL) is a proposed defense module to counter attention-attenuation attacks. This module enhances the model's focus on critical features, efficiently constructing a robust defense model with low implementation cost and minimal intrusion into the original model. By integrating FPAS and ANL into the Wide-ResNet model within a boosting framework, the study demonstrates their synergistic defense capability. Even with eight adversarial samples embedded with adversarial patches, our FPAS_at and ANL_at models demonstrated significant improvements over the baseline, enhancing the average defense rate by 5.47% and 7.74%, respectively. Extensive experiments confirm that this universal defense strategy offers comprehensive protection against adversarial attacks at a lower implementation cost compared to current mainstream defense methods, while also being adaptable for integration with existing defense strategies to further enhance adversarial robustness.
OsMYB1 antagonizes OsSPL14 to mediate rice resistance to brown planthopper and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Sun Bo , Zhong Yuan , Tao Zhihuan , Zhu Lin , Miao Xuexia , Shi Zhenying , Li Haichao
Published: December 2024

In their natural habitats, plants are concurrently attacked by different biotic factors. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a pathogen that severely deteriorates rice yield and quality, and brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is a rice specific insect pest with the damage topping other pathogens. Although genes for respective resistance to BPH and Xoo have been widely reported, few studies pay attention to simultaneous resistance to both. In this study, we identified a MYB transcription factor, OsMYB1, which exhibited diverse transcriptional regulatory capabilities and a negative regulatory role in resistance to both BPH and Xoo. Biochemical and genetic analysis proved OsMYB1 to be a TF that could interact with OsSPL14, a positive regulator of rice resistance to Xoo. OsSPL14 mutants showed increased sensitivity to BPH, suggesting that OsSPL14 is contrary to OsMYB1in regulating rice resistance to these two biotic stresses. Consistently, OsMYB1 and OsSPL14 displayed opposite functions in regulating defense-related genes. OsMYB1 can form transcription regulation complexes with repressor OsJAZs instead of co-repressor TOPLESS to possibly realize its transcriptional repression function. Taken together, we concluded that two interacting TFs in rice, OsMYB1 and OsSPL14, played antagonistic roles in regulating resistance to BPH and Xoo.
Isotope variations in precipitation and environmental drivers in Anshun during strong El Niño events
Authors: Ni Ju , Zhu Dayun , Wang Jialu , Li Ronghan , Han Yurong
Published: December 2024

Extreme weather triggered by El Niño events poses a serious threat to the economy and society. 2015 was one of the years with the highest average global temperatures since the El Niño event was recorded. During this period, many parts of the globe experienced frequent extreme weather events. Isotope values in precipitation are important for understanding extreme climates. Therefore, in this work, 140 stable isotope data from precipitation events in the Anshun area from 2015–2016 (including El Niño and La Niña events) were combined with related meteorological data to analyze the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in atmospheric precipitation, as well as their relationships with precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric circulation. The results show that ① the equations of the atmospheric precipitation lines in the study area are δD=8.70δ18O+19.55 (El Niño period) and δD=8.60δ18O+17.23 (La Niña period), which indicate that the atmospheric precipitation in the El Niño period was affected mainly by oceanic water vapor and that there was an imbalance of isotopes in atmospheric precipitation during the La Niña period, with the phenomenon of secondary evaporation. ② isotopes show seasonal variations that are high in the dry seasons and low in the rainy seasons, which are due mainly to the differences in water vapor sources and air mass properties of precipitation in different seasons. ③ The correlation between δ18O and temperature and precipitation in atmospheric precipitation in the study area is not significant, but the correlation can respond sensitively to changes in the ENSO.
The use of maoto (Ma-Huang-Tang) in influenza-infected patients and prevention of hospitalization: a cohort study using prescription data in Okayama, Japan
Authors: Matsuki Nobuyoshi , Mitsuhashi Toshiharu , Matsumoto Naomi , Hayase Shunsaku , Fujimoto Kenji , Yorifuji Takashi
Published: December 2024

Background
“Maoto” (Ma-Huang-Tang) is a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine used to treat influenza infections. However, few studies have been conducted on maoto’s ability to prevent severe influenza illness, and previous studies have been unable to determine its effect when used alone or in different age groups. This study aims to evaluate the effect on the prevention of hospitalization associated with severe illness of administering maoto alone to influenza-infected patients.
Methods
We used data from patients on the National Health Insurance Database in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, who were diagnosed with influenza between August 2018 and March 2022. The use of maoto was defined as within one month of the diagnosis of influenza. Hospitalization was defined as within one month of the diagnosis of influenza. We used logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for hospitalization among patients using maoto, incorporating an inverse probability weighting method.
Results
The study included data from 49,311 individuals. Of these, 1805 (3.7%) patients were treated with maoto and 944 (1.4%) were hospitalized within one month of influenza diagnosis. The OR of hospitalization to maoto use was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.50–1.15) in the adjusted model. Subgroup analysis showed that the OR was smaller for patients under 60 years of age. The OR for the interaction between maoto and neuraminidase inhibitors was 1.95 (95% CI, 0.64–5.93).
Conclusions
Our analysis of prescription data in Okayama suggests that administration of maoto to influenza-infected patients is effective in preventing hospitalization. The effect was more pronounced in patients under 60 years of age.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of a Three-story Cross-laminated Timber Building Considering Near and Far Field Ground Motions
Authors: Javidi Saeid , Gavric' Igor , Fourlaris Georgios , Salami Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the seismic response of the three-story Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT) building of the SOFIE project subjected to the Near-Field (NF) Far-Field (FF) ground motions according to FEMA P-695. The numerical models have been developed in connector, wall and full-scale building levels in OpenSees. Nonlinear zero-length springs have been utilised to model the behaviour of CLT connectors while considering Gap joints only to transfer compression forces between panels and the rigid foundation without the ability to carry tensile forces. The CLT panels have been modelled as moment-resisting frames by applying elastic beam elements with high stiffness. The panel-to-panel and panel-to-foundation friction has also been considered by modifying the initial stiffness of the CLT connector springs. The building was analysed using Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA), including 2450 time-history simulations, to assess its behaviour during ground motions. Significant Damage (SD) and Near-Collapse (NC) damage stated have been identified for the building based on EN12512 standard through Modal Push-over Analysis (MPA). Subsequently, the fragility curves have been developed for the CLT building under NF and FF ground motions. The IDA curves prove that the CLT building considered in this paper is more affected by Near-Field Pulse-like (NF-P) than by Near-Field No-Pulse (NF-NP) and FF ground motions. Moreover, the modelled building is significantly more affected by NF-P ground motions than by NF-NP and FF motions, with a higher probability of collapse under NF-P conditions.
Relationship between self-rated health, sense of coherence and physical activity in a survey of secondary school students
Authors: Karácsony Ilona , Hideg-Fehér Gabriella
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The aim of the present research was to assess the physical activity of secondary school students and to understand its effect on subjective general health, vitality and mental health. As a sense of coherence can help in the choice of preventive behaviours, this study also examined the relationship between students’ sense of coherence and physical activity.
Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents aged 15–19 years attending a full-time secondary school in Western Transdanubia, Hungary. The paper-based questionnaire included self-reported questions on physical activity in addition to socio-demographic variables, while the standardised instrument measured dimensions of subjective health (Health Thermometer - EuroQol scale, EQ VAS, Health Survey Short Form SF-36 Questionnaire) and Sense of Coherence (SOC 13). The 448 evaluable responses were analysed using SPSS Statistics 22 software with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and ANOVA test (p < 0.05).
Results
67.79% of the respondents were female, and the majority of the sample (69.87%) lived in a full family. The amount of physical activity was adequate for 22.2% of respondents and nearly adequate for 29%, while 64.1% of the sample were in the adequate category for the quality of physical activity. Regular physical activity had a positive effect on self-reported health perception (p < 0.05). The mean scores for mental health, vitality and general health perception were significantly higher among students who were adequately or nearly adequately physically active (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between sense of coherence and frequency of physical activity (p < 0.05). The means of the self-reported health indicators and the sense of coherence were almost identical between the groups (p > 0.05).
Discussion
The overall results for physical activity in the study sample are not optimal. By increasing the sense of coherence – providing models, increasing knowledge, creating a supportive environment for physical activity – it is possible to enhance the choice to engage in regular physical activity, and make the right choices for the individual in different life situations, thus increasing the health-promoting effect of physical activity on self-reported health.
Systematic characterization of the composition and dynamics of processing body-associated mRNAs
Authors: Chen Wei , Sun Zhiyuan , Wen Xiaozhen , Li Yanping , Xie Xiaoxin , Dong Peng , Shu Yi , Tian Shuye , Yang Jiao , Lin Yangfan , Wang Mengran , Jiang Feifei , Zhu Qionghua , Cui Huanhuan , Zhai Jixian , Hu Yuhui , Fang Liang
Published: December 2024

Processing bodies (PBs) are dynamic, membraneless organelles consisting of RNAs and proteins. While PB proteins have been extensively characterized, the methods for systematically profiling PB-associated RNAs are limited. To address this, we developed PB-TRIBE-STAMP, a new tool based on two orthogonal RNA editing enzymes. Simultaneously applying APOBEC1-DDX6 and LSM14A-ADAR2dd, PB-TRIBE-STAMP identified 1,639 and 2,577 PB-associated mRNAs in HCT116 and HEK293T cells, respectively. Further genetic perturbation demonstrated that these transcripts were translationally repressed by PBs. Integration of PB-TRIBE-STAMP with long-read sequencing revealed that the PB-associated transcripts possessed shorter poly(A)-tails. Moreover, we established a TRIBE-ID-based tool to characterize the mRNA-PB association at high temporal resolution and unveiled a higher splicing efficiency of PB-associated XBP1 transcripts during unfolded protein response (UPR). Finally, based on single-cell LSM14A-TRIBE-ID (sc-LSM14A-TRIBE-ID), we demonstrated the dynamic pattern of mRNA-PB association during cell cycle progression.
Dynamic Calculation and Seismic Response Analysis of Inclined Ancient Tower Based on Finite Element Modeling
Authors: yan feifei , zhang Jingke , Zhang Lixiang , Xu Hongsheng , Wang Nan , yan Changgen
Published: December 2024

The inclination of the tower body significantly enhances its vulnerability during seismic conditions, When combined with material degradation and external loading, the ancient tower becomes more susceptible to damage compared to standard structures. This study develops a refined three-dimensional numerical model and applies seismic waves of varying intensities to systematically analyze the dynamic response of the tilted tower under three types of seismic waves. The study clarifies the distribution characteristics of principal tensile stress and identifies seismic weak zones, enabling an assessment of the tower's seismic performance and damage state. The results indicate that the seismic response of the upper layer of the tilted tower exceeds that of the original model. Specifically, under the influence of the El Centro wave, Dingxi-Minxian wave, and Lanzhou artificial wave (with a PGA of 0.6), the acceleration response increased by 22%, 28%, and 13% horizontally, and 24%, 22%, and 11% vertically, respectively, compared to the original tower. The displacement response also increased by 1.2 mm, 1.7 mm, and 0.4 mm horizontally, and by 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm, and 0.04 mm vertically. The acceleration amplification coefficient curves exhibited a "C"-shaped profile, with the most significant horizontal acceleration amplification at the tower's summit and vertical amplification at its base. The primary tensile stress distribution follows a similar trend, peaking at the niches, eaves, and the top and bottom of the tower. Notably, the greatest stiffness degradation occurred at the tower's apex under the Dingxi-Minxian wave, resulting in the lowest earthquake resistance. The acceleration amplification for small earthquakes (PGA = 0.2) is 1 to 1.5 times that for medium (PGA = 0.4) and large earthquakes (PGA = 0.6). Damage begins within 2–3 seconds of seismic loading, with damage factors increasing stepwise from small (0.12) to medium (0.37) and large quakes (0.9). Ultimately, the inclined tower transitions from the elastic to the plastic damage stage. This research identifies potential risks and vulnerabilities in similar structural designs, providing valuable insights for the seismic response analysis of inclined brick towers.
Quantifying environmental co-benefits of nitrogen
based crop restructuring and its implication on
trade network system
Authors: Bhatia Udit , Goyal Shekhar , Kumar Rohini
Published: December 2024

Addressing sustainability within food systems is challenging due to their multifaceted nature. Our study focuses on the Indian agricultural system, where the balance of nutrient management and water conservation is crucial, yet underexplored. We show that the nitrogen-focused crop restructuring strategy reduces the nitrogen surplus by 16–24% and water use by 20–40%. This approach not only improves farmer income and calorie production but also mitigates greenhouse gas emissions (by 28%; 113 Mt CO2 eq). Further, the nitrogen-focused restructuring is 5 times more efficient in delivering cross-benefits compared to water-focused restructuring strategies, resulting in a decrease in socio-environmental costs associated with nitrogen pollution of around $1.97 billion USD. The consequential agricultural restructuring results in a 4.3 times increase in alternative crop trade volume in the interstate trade network. Overall, our analysis presents a compelling case for India and, by extension, global agricultural practices to conscientiously integrate nutrient management into their strategies while advocating for environmental sustainability objectives
Individual Curiosity Modulates Exploration in Sequential Book Selection
Authors: Gong Xuanjun , Shen Cuihua , Boorman Erie , Huskey Richard
Published: December 2024

How do people choose what book to read? At times, people choose to exploit well-known options that are likely to lead to high enjoyment. However, readers must also effectively explore novel books in order to learn about less-known alternatives that might lead to high enjoyment. It is unknown precisely how and why readers make these sequential book selection decisions. By placing book options in a semantic embedding space, we show that people decide which book to explore using a structured generalization mechanism based on semantic similarities between known and unknown books and a directed exploration mechanism that incentivizes seeking books in high uncertainty. In addition, we demonstrate that people’s directed and random book exploration patterns are modulated by individual differences in curiosity, which fosters reading enjoyment and promotes exploring unfamiliar books. In summary, our study demonstrates that these computational mechanisms generalize to a new and ecologically valid context in order to drive consequential exploratory decisions with important real-world implications.
DNA sequence-induced solid phase transitions as a solution to the genome folding paradox
Authors: Lomvardas Stavros , Pulupa Joan , McArthur Natalie , Stathi Olga , Wang Miao , Zazhytska Marianna , Pirozzolo Isabella , Nayar Ahana , Shapiro Lawrence
Published: December 2024

Ultra long-range genomic contacts, which emerge as prominent components of genome architecture, constitute a biochemical paradox. This is because regulatory DNA elements make selective and stable contacts with DNA sequences located megabases away, instead of interacting with proximal sequences occupied by the same exact transcription factors (TF). This is exemplified in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), where only a fraction of Lhx2/Ebf1/Ldb1-bound sites interact with each other, converging into highly selective multi-chromosomal enhancer hubs. In vitro hub reconstitution reveals that TF motif variations impose distinct homotypic properties to their resident Lhx2/Ebf1/Ldb1 complexes, enabling formation of nucleoprotein condensates with solid phase characteristics. Live imaging and single molecule tracking of Lhx2/Ebf1 proteins in cultured OSNs confirm that assembly of transcription-competent solid condensates occurs in vivo under physiological protein concentrations. Thus, DNA sequence-induced homophilic nucleoprotein interactions provide a generalizable explanation for the stability and specificity of long-range genomic contacts that control cellular identity and function.
Myosin-dependent short actin filaments contribute to peripheral widening in developing stereocilia
Authors: Liao Xiayi , Tung Chun-Yu , Krey Jocelyn F. , Behnammanesh Ghazaleh , Cirilo Joseph A. , Colpan Mert , Yengo Christopher M. , Barr-Gillespie Peter G. , Bird Jonathan E. , Perrin Benjamin J.
Published: December 2024

In the auditory and vestibular systems, stereocilia are actin-based protrusions that convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals. During development, stereocilia elongate and widen by adding filamentous actin (F-actin), attaining their mature shape necessary for mechanosensitive function. Myosin motors, including MYO3A/B and MYO15A, are required for normal stereocilia growth, but the regulation of actin and the impact of myosins on actin assembly remain unclear. We focused on stereocilia widening, which requires the addition of new filaments to the bundle of linear F-actin comprising the initial stereocilia core. Our findings revealed that newly expressed actin incorporates at the stereocilia tip first, then along the shaft to promote stereocilia widening. The newly incorporated F-actin surrounded the existing F-actin core, suggesting that the core is stable once formed, with additional actin adding only to the periphery. To better understand the nature of incorporating actin, we used several probes to detect globular (G-) actin, F-actin barbed ends, and F-actin pointed ends. While F-actin core filaments are parallel and thought to present only barbed ends at stereocilia tips, we also detected F-actin pointed ends, indicating a previously undetected population of short actin filaments. Overexpression of actin resulted in abundant F-actin pointed and barbed ends along the periphery of the stereocilia shaft, suggesting that short actin filaments contribute to stereocilia widening. Short actin filament levels correlated with the levels of MYO3A/B and MYO15A at stereocilia tips, suggesting these myosins generate or stabilize short actin filaments essential for stereocilia widening and elongation.
TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination of PARP1 suppresses small cell lung cancer progression through the PI3K/AKT/STAT5A axis
Authors: Lin wenchu , Cao guozhen , Li gongfeng , Wang Xiaolin , Yao Xinhuang , Zhang Jiahui , Hou peng , Guo Xiaopeng , wang jiarong , Xiang Li
Published: December 2024

Abnormal accumulation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is implicated in the progression of several cancers. However, the mechanisms responsible for PARP1 protein stabilization remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identify E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) as a novel PARP1-binding partner. PARP1 directly interacts with TRIM21 via its HD domain, while the PRY-SPRY domain of TRIM21 is essential for this interaction. Consequently, TRIM21 facilitates the polyubiquitination of PARP1 at the K654 residue, promoting its degradation under physiological conditions. Functionally, we show that TRIM21 is significantly downregulated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and its tumor-suppressive potential appears partly mediated by its interaction with PARP1 and the subsequent degradation of PARP1, which supports DNA damage repair and maintains genomic integrity. Additionally, we reveal that the PI3K/AKT pathway suppresses TRIM21 expression through transcription factor STAT5A, which impedes the ubiquitination and degradation of PARP1. Notably, combining the PI3K/AKT inhibitor PKI-587 with the PARP inhibitor (PARPi) BMN673 yields enhanced anti-tumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo models of SCLC. Collectively, our findings establish the “PI3K/AKT-STAT5A-TRIM21-PARP1” signaling axis as a critical pathway in SCLC tumorigenesis. Dual inhibition of this axis with PI3K/AKT inhibitors and PARPi offers promising therapeutic potential for SCLC treatment.
Immunotherapy drug target identification using machine learning and patient-derived tumour explant validation
Authors: Litchfield Kevin , Augustine Marcellus , Nene Nuno Rocha , Fu Hongchang , Pinder Christopher , Ligammari Lorena , Simpson Alexander , Sanz-Fernández Irene , Thakkar Krupa , Qian Danwen , Fitzsimons Evelyn , Simpson Benjamin , Niederer Heather , Turajlic Samra , McGranahan Nicholas , Watkins Chris , Swanton Charles
Published: December 2024

Immunotherapy has revolutionised cancer treatment, yet few patients respond clinically, necessitating alternative strategies that can benefit these patients. Novel immune-oncology targets can achieve this through bypassing resistance mechanisms to standard therapies. To address this, we introduce MIDAS, a multimodal graph neural network system for immune-oncology target discovery that leverages gene interactions, multi-omic patient profiles, immune cell biology, antigen processing, disease associations, and phenotypic consequences of genetic perturbations. MIDAS generalises to time-sliced data, outcompetes existing methods, including OpenTargets, and distinguishes approved from prospective targets. Moreover, MIDAS recovers immunotherapy response-associated genes in unseen trials, thus capturing tumour-immune dynamics within human tumours. Interpretability analyses reveal a reliance on autoimmunity, regulatory networks, and relevant biological pathways. Functionally perturbing the OSM-OSMR axis, a proposed target, in TRACERx melanoma patient-derived explants yielded reduced dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, which associate with immunotherapy response. Our results present a machine learning framework for analysing multimodal data for immune-oncology discovery.
Can We Replace the Surgeon in Clinic? Assessing the Role of Nurse Extenders in a Stone Clinic
Authors: Hengel A. Ross , Fodness Stephanie , Schuler Trevor , Wollin Tim , De Shubha
Published: December 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Limited literature surrounds medical extenders’ roles in the management of specific patient populations. Our Stone Clinic utilizes a stone clinic registered nurse (SRN) to review and communicate details of new patients to the treating urologist. The objective of this study was to characterize the accuracy of SRN generated management plans, when compared to those of the treating urologists.
METHODS:
A retrospective review of our Acute Stone Clinic patients was performed over a 90 day period. A standardized ‘Clinical Summary and Disposition Planning’ document was utilized by the SRN for all new patients. Management plans were compared between SRN and Urologist, categorical data was compared using Chi-Square test, and agreement was tested with Kappa Tests.
RESULTS:
Of the 226 patients reviewed (67.7% male, mean age 54 years) disposition plans included;
Follow-up imaging (34.5%), ureteroscopy (URS, 28.3%), Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL, 20.4%), observation (10.2%), and other (6.6%). Comparing SRN to urologist plans, overall agreement was 55.3% with moderate agreement (Kappa=0.43). When selecting between intervention or observation, overall agreement was 70.8% with moderate agreement (Kappa=0.46). When choosing intervention vs. observation, the SRN was correct in 75.0% though the correct intervention was only selected in 55.1%. The SRN was more likely to select intervention than surgeon when patients were symptomatic (84.0% vs. 64.5%, chi=12.54 p<0.01).
CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates that within our clinic extenders are able to predict the management plan in 55.3% of cases. Further work is required in understanding which factors may contribute to errors in disposition planning, and where opportunities for education may exist.
Continuous Visual Navigation with Ant-Inspired Memories
Authors: Gattaux Gabriel , Wystrach Antoine , Serres Julien , Ruffier Franck
Published: December 2024

Solitary foraging ants excel in following long visual routes in complex environments with limited sensory and neural resources—an ability that remains challenging for robots with minimal computational power. Here, we introduce a self-supervised, insect-inspired neural network that enables robust route-following on the compact, low-cost Antcar robot. The robot leverages key aspects of ant brain and behavior: (i) continuous, one-shot visual route learning using panoramic encoding in a mushroom body-inspired network, (ii) categorization of low-resolution egocentric panoramas via oscillatory movements, (iii) opponent-process control of angular and forward velocities based on visual familiarity, (iv) recognition of places of interest along routes, and (v) motivation-based memory modulation. Antcar autonomously followed routes between indoor or outdoor destinations, forward or backward, while remaining stable in both theoretical analysis and real-world testing despite occlusions and visual changes. Across 1.3 km of autonomous travel, Antcar achieved challenging route-following with sub-20 cm lateral error at speeds up to 150 cm/s, requiring only 148 kilobits of memory and processing panoramas every 62 ms. This efficient, brain-inspired architecture stands out from more sensor-intensive and computationally demanding methods, presenting a neuromorphic approach with valuable insights into insect navigation and practical robotic applications.
Precise Atomic Control of Adjacent Nitrogen Microenvironment in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Hydrogen Peroxide Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhou Wei , Wang Wenjiao , Zhan Zhen , Chu Hongqi , Guo Liping , Liao Lijun , Li Zhenzi , Wang Xuepeng , Cai Songhua
Published: December 2024

The microenvironmental changes on the skeleton of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have an ineluctable impact on photocatalytic performance. However, the precise control at the atomic level of adjacent units and the synergistic effect between imine bonds on the photocatalytic process are frequently overlooked. Herein, we develop various COFs with different nitrogen contents for adjacent units of imine bonds (-C = N-) and applied them to the H2O2 photosynthesis. Distinct from traditional photocatalytic reactions, the adsorption and activation of oxygen molecules may predominate over photogenerated charge migration in the H2O2 generation process. Specifically, the synergistic effect between -C = N- and nitrogen atoms in adjacent units can more conducive to oxygen adsorption and lower the reaction energy barrier, thereby facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR, O2 → 1O2 → ●O2− → H2O2). Notably, under AM 1.5G illumination, the efficiency of H2O2 photosynthesis for COF-T33 can be up to 88 mmol g− 1 h− 1, which is the highest value reported so far under similar conditions. Furthermore, only after 5 hours of light irradiation, the obtained H2O2 content can reach 0.44 wt%, meeting the requirements for industrial applications. This work deeply uncovers the internal mechanism of precise regulation for the microenvironment on photocatalytic reaction process.
Live Streaming and Short Videos: Novel Marketing Practices in Cross-Border E-commerce and Opportunities for SMEs: Evidence from China
Authors: Kouam Arthur William Fodouop
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 and its constraints have pushed enterprises to develop new business strategies. As a result, new marketing practices, notably live streaming, and short videos, have emerged. Relying on the Stimulus Organism Response model, this paper assesses the impact of live streaming and short videos on the customers of cross-border e-commerce SMEs. Data were obtained via an online questionnaire from 320 cross-border e-commerce customers of SMEs. The study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to interpret the data. Findings show that live streaming and short videos positively affect customer trust, consumer engagement, and purchase intention. In addition, they offer companies new marketing tools to communicate with customers and advertise their products to a larger audience. SMEs that are not performing live streaming and short videos should adopt these new marketing practices, while those already performing should intensify them based on the contributions of this research. In live streaming and short videos, SMEs should provide accurate details of the products and display professionalism to obtain good results.
eFCMG - An Evolving Fuzzy Classifier with Participatory Learning and Multivariable Gaussian for Data Stream
Authors: Silva Alisson , Rodrigues Savio , Souza Paulo Vitor de Campos
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a novel evolving fuzzy classifier that begins with no initial structure and develops incrementally through a participatory learning-based clustering algorithm. It employs multivariable Gaussian membership functions for rule antecedents and class outputs for consequents. The classifier's learning algorithm is designed to adjust dynamically by creating, merging, deleting, and updating clusters and rules. Uniquely, it features a 'procrastination' approach where clusters are initially formed in a disabled state to robustly manage outliers and ensure only representative data influence the model. Clusters are refined based on compatibility measures using the Mahalanobis distance, with adjustments to learning rates influenced by the nature of incoming data—slowing for anomalies and accelerating for typical inputs. This mechanism enhances adaptability and model accuracy, distinguishing it from existing fuzzy classifiers. Comparative analyses on binary and multiclass tasks demonstrate its superior or competitive performance, underscoring the classifier's innovative approach to evolving fuzzy classification.
Assessment Of Barriers to The Utilization of Primary Healthcare Services in Bwari Area Council, Abuja FCT, Nigeria.
Authors: Enaworu Oghenetanure Ryan , Amos Nworie
Published: December 2024

This study investigated barriers to assessing community health services, and utilization of primary healthcare (PHC) services in Bwari Area Council, Abuja FCT, Nigeria, focusing on identifying barriers and assessing community satisfaction. A cross-sectional quantitative approach was employed over six months, involving 404 participants selected through a multistage sampling technique. Structured survey questionnaires were utilized to collect data on demographics, healthcare utilization, and barriers to PHC. The study revealed diverse demographic characteristics, with a predominant level of satisfaction among 213 (52.87%) participants. Proximity, 128 (31.68%), and cost of services, 103(25.50%) emerged as primary motivators for utilizing healthcare services. Noteworthy barriers include long waiting times, 230(56.93%), inadequate healthcare facilities 206(50.99%), and stigma associated with healthcare-seeking 183 (45.30%). The findings highlight the significance of addressing these barriers to enhance accessibility and satisfaction with community healthcare services. Recommendations include strategies to reduce waiting times, improve infrastructure, conduct awareness campaigns, and explore measures to reduce the cost of services, contributing to the broader goal of fostering equitable healthcare access and enhancing community well-being. The study makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of PHC utilization patterns, satisfaction levels, and barriers, offering insights for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers working towards enhancing community health services.