bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Meta‐Analysis on Nitrogen Retention by Buffer Zones
Authors: Valkama Elena , Usva Kirsi , Saarinen Merja , Uusi‐Kämppä Jaana
Published: September 2018

Buffer zones, established between agricultural fields and water bodies, are widely used as a measure to reduce N in surface runoff and groundwater. However, the literature indicates inconsistent results on the N removal efficiency of buffer zones between studies. We performed a weighed meta‐analysis on the buffer zone effects on NO3–N and total N in surface runoff and groundwater by summarizing 46 studies published between 1980 and 2017. The overall effects of buffer zones were a 33 (−48 to −17%, n = 25) and 70% (−78 to −62%, n = 38) NO3–N reduction in surface runoff and in groundwater, respectively, compared with controls with no buffer zone. In addition, buffer zones reduced the total N in surface runoff by 57% (−68 to −43%, n = 16). The effects of buffer zones on N retention were consistent across continents and in different climates. Nitrogen retention increased with increasing initial N concentrations discharged from the source of pollution. According to a meta‐regression, the N removal efficiency in surface runoff decreased in consort with increasing buffer zone age. Otherwise, the meta‐analysis revealed no effects of buffer zone characteristics such as the width or species number (for grass buffer zones) on the N retention in surface runoff and groundwater. Unlike groundwater quality, which responded equally well regardless of the source of pollution, buffer zone type, or buffer zone age, surface water quality is more sensitive, and it might not be satisfactorily improved by tree buffer zones or aged buffer zones, or when the source of pollution originates from grass production fields.

Core Ideas

We performed a global weighed meta‐analysis by summarizing 46 studies (1980–2017).

Buffer zones reduced NO3–N by 33% in surface runoff and by 70% in groundwater.

Surface water is more sensitive to buffer zone characteristics than groundwater.

The higher the initial N concentrations, the larger the N retention by the buffer zones.

Meta‐analysis revealed no effect of buffer zone width on N retention.
Spectral Reflectance for Indirect Selection and Genome‐Wide Association Analyses of Grain Yield and Drought Tolerance in North American Spring Wheat
Authors: Gizaw Shiferaw A. , Godoy Jayfred Gaham V. , Pumphrey Michael O. , Carter Arron H.
Published: September 2018

The goals of this study were to evaluate the use of spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) in indirect selection of genotypes with superior agronomic performance and to identify chromosome regions that contribute to drought tolerance and yield potential in North American spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A diversity panel with 250 elite lines was evaluated for various SRIs, grain yield, heading date, plant height, and grain volume weight under irrigated and drought‐stressed field conditions for 2 yr (2012 and 2013) in Othello, WA. Analysis of variance across environments revealed that normalized chlorophyll‐pigment ratio index (NCPI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized water index‐1 (NWI1) showed high genetic correlation (0.37–0.64) with grain yield, heritability, and efficiency of indirect selection. Population structure had lower effects on SRIs (≤14%) compared with the agronomic traits (8–57% on whole grain protein). Association mapping using 19,967 single nucleotide polymorphism markers revealed 42 loci on 15 chromosomes that were associated with the SRIs in two or more field trials, 10 of which colocalized with phenology measurements and plant height. Grain yield shared quantitative trait locus regions with NDVI, NCPI, and NWI1. Lines with a greater number of SRI‐favorable alleles showed higher grain yield (9–16%). Overall, this study highlights the utility of spectral reflectance technology to identify chromosome regions that contribute to yield and drought tolerance in North American spring wheat.
Assessing Dynamic Soil Properties in Southern New England Forests within an Ecological Site Framework
Authors: Paolucci Andrew J. , Stolt Mark H.
Published: September 2018

Core Ideas

Coniferous and deciduous forests are two common states within a glaciofluvial upland ecological site.

Upland soils with contrasting particle size showed similar ecological potential.

Poorly drained and very poorly drained riparian ecosystems should be considered separate ecological sites.

Ecological sites are a framework for documenting ecosystem conditions within a region but few have been developed for forested ecosystems. We developed ecological site concepts for southern New England glaciated forested upland and riparian benchmark soils with contrasting inherent properties. Within upland and riparian soils, we quantified the resistance or resilience of dynamic soil properties following specific management or disturbance. Although the upland soils had contrasting particle size classes, the vegetation composition, tree productivity, and soil organic C (SOC) pools were similar, suggesting that these soils have similar ecological potential. Coniferous and deciduous upland sites showed minimal differences. Selective harvest of 50% of overstory trees in the uplands decreased C addition from litter by 28% (p = 0.036) but did not significantly impact O horizon thickness or SOC contents, suggesting that C pools in these soils are resilient to selective harvesting. Although poorly and very poorly drained riparian soils had similar stands of Acer rubrum L., very poorly drained soils had larger SOC pools and thicker O horizons, and Carex stricta Lam. and Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex W.P.C.Barton dominated the understory. These differences suggest these riparian soils should be considered separate ecological sites. Simulated N enrichment of riparian soils significantly (p = 0.006) increased root biomass but not CO2 respiration. Over time, N additions may increase C pools in riparian soils. Our studies suggest that ecological site concepts can be applied in southern New England forest ecosystems to establish a framework for understanding plant and soil responses to disturbance or management.
Психологические защиты как механизм формирования профессиональной деформации у педагогов дошкольных образовательных учреждений
Authors: Селезнёва Юлия Викторовна
Published: September 2018

The article covers the maim factors of developing professional deformations of the teachers working at preschool educational institutions. The mechanism of developing professional deformations in professional activity of a teacher is shown by the example of considering the strategies used for psychological protection. The article also points out the qualitative difference in displaying and expressing psychological protection depending on the professional age.
Исследование стратегий выхода из тяжелых жизненных ситуаций с позиций системного подхода
Authors: Сердюкова Елена Федоровна
Published: September 2018

This work represents multifactor analysis of the structures of the students’ integral individualitywith different strategies of coping with the difficult life situations.
Формирование спектров люминесценции, интенсивность излучения в УФ и видимой областях структур n-ZnO/p-GaN, n-ZnO/p-ZnO при нанесении пленок ZnO методом высокочастотного магнетронного распыления
Authors: Мездрогина М.М. , Виноградов А.Я. , Кожанова Ю.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe emission spectra of structures based on ZnO films deposited by high-frequency magnetron sputtering are studied. Clearly pronounced emission lines associated with the recombination of free (λ = 363 nm) and bound excitons (λ = 377, 390, 410 nm) are observed in the PL (photoluminescence) spectra ( T  = 300 K) of n -ZnO/ p -GaN:Mg structures, and no substantial emission is observed in the impurity PL region λ = 450–600 nm. Only emission lines characteristic of n -ZnO (λ = 374 nm) are observed in the EL (electroluminescence) spectra of n -ZnO/ p -ZnO structures ( T = 300 K).
Рекомбинация в GaAs p-i-n-структурах с InGaAs квантово-размерными объектами: моделирование и закономерности
Authors: Минтаиров М.А. , Евстропов В.В. , Минтаиров С.А. , Салий Р.А. , Шварц М.З. , Калюжный Н.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhotovoltaic structures on the basis of GaAs p – i – n junctions with a different number of In_0.4Ga_0.6As layers in the space-charge region forming quantum-confined objects are experimentally and theoretically investigated. For all structures, the dependences of the open-circuit voltage on the solar-irradiation concentration are analyzed. It is shown that the implantation of quantum objects leads to the dominance of recombination in them over recombination in the matrix, which manifests itself in a drop in the open-circuit-voltage. An increase in the number of In_0.4Ga_0.6As layers leads to a proportional increase in the recombination rate, which is expressed in a proportional increase in the “saturation” current and corresponds to the model proposed in the study.
Изучение влияния временных характеристик модулированной DC-плазмы с (SiH-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=--Ar-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-)-газовой фазой на рост ncl-Si в матрице a-SiO-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-:H (C-=SUB=-O-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--=/SUB=-=15.5 мол%)
Authors: Ундалов Ю.К. , Теруков Е.И. , Трапезникова И.Н.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effect of various operating conditions of time-modulated DC (direct current) plasma on the formation of an amorphous a -SiO_ x :H matrix and silicon nanoclusters is studied using IR (infrared) and photoluminescence spectra. DC-plasma modulation consists in repeated ( n = 180) switching off and on of the magnetron magnet coil with various time combinations, t _off = 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 s and t _on = 5, 10, 15 s, respectively, at a fixed oxygen concentration ( $${{C}_{{{{{\text{O}}}_{{\text{2}}}}}}}$$ = 15.5 mol %) in a (SiH_4 + Ar + О_2) gas mixture. The positive effect of self-induction on the formation of both the amorphous matrix and silicon nanoclusters is confirmed. The largest values of x in a -SiO_ x :H and photoluminescence intensity are observed in the case of the combination of prolonged plasma residence in the working state ( t _on = 10–15 s) and the maximum magnetic-field strength. The effect of t _off on the processes of the formation of both the a -SiO_ x :H matrix and silicon nanoclusters is also noted.
Влияние электростатического поля периферии на вентильный фотоэффект в контактах металл-полупроводник с барьером Шоттки
Authors: Торхов Н.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies of an electrostatic system of flat metal–semiconductor contacts with a Schottky barrier reveals a nontrivial dependence of their current and voltage photosensitivity (the photovoltaic effect) on the contact shape. The specific features of using the photovoltaic effect in such contacts are determined, to a great extent, by the built-in periphery electrostatic field with an absolute value that depends on the contact perimeter and area. Thus, to increase the efficiency of light-to-electrical energy conversion by Schottky contacts, it is necessary to use optimization techniques based on the concepts of the proposed physical model of an electrostatic system of flat Schottky contacts with regard to periphery electrostatic fields. The “hot electron resonance” effect, which enhances the external quantum efficiency of photodiodes with a Schottky barrier, can be explained by enhancement of the field emission of electrons by the periphery electrostatic field.
Спектры люминесценции мощных светодиодов на основе нитрида галлия в ультрафиолетовой и фиолетовой областях спектра
Authors: Волков В.В. , Коган Л.М. , Туркин А.Н. , Юнович А.Э.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe electroluminescence spectra of high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on p – n heterostructures of the InGaN/AlGaN/GaN type emitting in the visible short-wavelength and ultraviolet spectral regions (the range from 370 to 460 nm) are investigated. The shape of spectra is described by a model taking into account a two-dimensional combined density of states and potential fluctuations. Additional long-wavelength peaks are found in emission spectra. The emission power of ultraviolet and violet LEDs reaches 233 mW at a current of 350 mA, and the external quantum yield reaches 23% at the maximum (near a current of 100 mA).
Влияние низкодозного протонного облучения на характеристики инжекционных диодов на основе 4H-SiC
Authors: Иванов П.А. , Потапов А.С. , Кудояров М.Ф. , Самсонова Т.П.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe effect of low-dose proton irradiation (irradiation dose 10^10–1 . 8 × 10^11 cm^–2) on the capacitance–voltage, forward current–voltage, and reverse-recovery characteristics of 4 H -SiC p – n _ o junction diodes is studied. Irradiation is performed with 1.8-MeV protons through a 10-μm-thick Ni-film (the proton energy and Ni-film thickness were chosen so that the projected proton range in silicon carbide is approximately equal to the p – n _ o junction depth). It is shown that proton irradiation in the above doses (i) does not change the concentration of majority carriers, (ii) leads to a dramatic decrease in the lifetime of nonequilibrium carriers (at a low injection level) (by several tens of times at the highest irradiation dose), and (iii) decreases the reverse-recovery charge at a high injection level (by up to a factor of 3 at the highest irradiation dose).
Сверхпроводящие свойства In, наноструктурированного в порах тонких пленок из микросфер SiO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Михайлин Н.Ю. , Романов С.Г. , Кумзеров Ю.А. , Фокин А.В. , Шамшур Д.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractSamples of a superconducting indium nanocomposite based on a thin-film porous dielectric matrix prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett method are obtained for the first time, and their low-temperature electrophysical and magnetic properties are studied. Films with thickness b ≤ 5 μm were made from silicon dioxide spheres with diameter D = 200 and 250 nm; indium was introduced into the pores of the films from the melt at a pressure of P ≤ 5 kbar. Thus, a three-dimensional weakly ordered structure of indium nanogranules was created in the pores, forming a continuous current-conducting grid. Measurements of the temperature and magnetic field dependences of the resistance and magnetic moment of the samples showed an increase in the critical parameters of the superconductivity state of nanostructured indium (critical temperature T _c ≤ 3.62 K and critical magnetic field H_c at T = 0 K H _c(0) ≤ 1700 Oe) with respect to the massive material ( T _c = 3.41 K, H _c(0) = 280 Oe). In the dependence of the resistance on temperature and the magnetic field, a step transition to the superconductivity state associated with the nanocomposite structure was observed. A pronounced hysteresis M ( H ) is observed in the dependence of the magnetic moment M of the nanocomposite on the magnetic field at T < T _c, caused by the multiply connected structure of the current-conducting indium grid. The results obtained are interpreted taking into account the dimensional dependence of the superconducting characteristics of the nanocomposite.
Магнитные и магнитодиэлектрические свойства Ho-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Nd-=SUB=-0.5-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-(BO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Гудим И.А. , Демидов А.А. , Еремин Е.В. , Shukla D.K.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe magnetic and magnetodielectric properties of Ho_0.5Nd_0.5Fe_3(BO_3)_4 ferroborate with the competing Ho–Fe and Nd–Fe exchange couplings have been experimentally and theoretically investigated. Step anomalies in the magnetization curves at the spin-reorientation transition induced by the magnetic field B ║ c have been found. The spontaneous spin-reorientation transition temperature T _SR ≈ 8 K has been refined. The measured magnetic properties and observed features are interpreted using a single theoretical approach based on the molecular field approximation and calculations within the crystal field model of the rare-earth ion. Interpretation of the experimental data includes determination of the crystal field parameters for Ho^3+ and Nd^3+ ions in Ho_0.5Nd_0.5Fe_3(BO_3)_4 and parameters of the Ho–Fe and Nd–Fe exchange couplings.
Изменение строения поверхности гетерогенного тела (ксенолита) при трении
Authors: Веттегрень В.И. , Пономарев А.В. , Мамалимов Р.И. , Щербаков И.П. , Кулик В.Б. , Ермаков В.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structure of the surface layer of a heterogeneous solid body (xenolite) before and after friction is studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Before friction, the layer contained hornblende and pyroxene crystals. The friction resulted in partial transformation of pyroxenes into hornblende and the latter was transformed into montmorillonite clay. The xenolite surface is covered with a ~60-nm-thick layer of water.
Механизм влияния поли- и нанокристалличности на параметры кривых псевдоупругой деформации сплавов с эффектом памяти формы
Authors: Малыгин Г.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe influence of poly- and nanocrystallinity on the parameters of pseudoelastic deformation curves of alloys with the shape memory effect (SME) has been analyzed within the theory of diffuse martensitic transformations. The functional and quantitative dependence of the coefficient of deformation (martensitic) hardening of an alloy with the SME on the grain size d and orientational factor M , d σ/ d ε ~ 1/ Md ^2, has been obtained for the first time, taking into account the normal distribution density of grains over their orientations and the log-normal distribution density over grain sizes d . A comparison of the found dependence with the data in the literature for a nanocrystalline TiNi alloy with nanograin sizes in the range of 8–90 nm shows good consistency between the theory and experiments.
Широкополосная ЭПР-спектроскопия ионов Мо-=SUP=-3+-=/SUP=- в иттрий-алюминиевом гранате
Authors: Шакуров Г.С. , Асатрян Г.Р. , Мингалиева Л.В. , Петросян А.Г. , Ованесян К.Л.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe crystals of yttrium–aluminum garnet with an admixture of iron and cerium have been studied by the method of wideband EPR spectroscopy. Resonance absorption of microwave radiation in the frequency range 220–300 GHz was detected. Based on the experimental data set, it is concluded that the signals belong to the Mo^3+ ion, which is included in the crystals as an uncontrolled impurity. A straightforward method was used to measure the splitting in a zero field between the Kramers doublets |±1/2〉 and |±3/2〉 (261.6 ± 0.5 GHz). The calculated angular and frequency-field dependences of the EPR spectra are in good agreement with the experiment.
Нанокомпозитные пленки Co-In-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-: синтез, структурные и магнитные свойства
Authors: Быкова Л.Е. , Жигалов В.С. , Мягков В.Г. , Волочаев М.Н. , Мацынин А.А. , Бондаренко Г.Н. , Патрин Г.С.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe structural and magnetic properties of granular Co–In_2O_3 nanocomposite films formed by vacuum annealing of In/Co_3O_4 film bilayers at a temperature of 550°C have been investigated. The synthesized Co–In_2O_3 films contain ferromagnetic cobalt nanoclusters with an average size of 60 nm and a magnetization of ~340 emu/cm^3 surrounded by the In_2O_3 layer and exhibit the thermally activated conductivity.
Передача поперечной намагниченности при спин-обменных столкновениях щелочных атомов
Authors: Дмитриев С.П. , Доватор Н.А. , Пестов Е.Н. , Картошкин В.А. , Окуневич А.И.
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn experiment on the observation of the effect of transmitting the transverse spin magnetization in spin-exchange collisions of cesium atoms with optically aligned rubidium atoms is described.
Газофазный синтез нового функционального гибридного материала на основе многостенных углеродных нанотрубок, декорированных ограненными нанокристаллами алюминия
Authors: Кремлев К.В. , Объедков А.М. , Семенов Н.М. , Каверин Б.С. , Кетков С.Ю. , Гусев С.А. , Юнин П.А. , Елкин А.И. , Аборкин А.В.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe deposition of polyhedral aluminum nanocrystals onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with the use of triisobutylaluminum as the precursor has been performed for the first time. The new hybrid nanomaterial (Al/MWCNTs) has been characterized by X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The obtained Al/MWCNTs hybrid materials were tested as the filler for the creation of threedimensional composites on the basis of an AMg2 alloy via powder metallurgy. It has been shown that the use of Al/MWCNTs as the filler increases the hardness of the composites by 18% in comparison with the initial MWCNTs.
Зависимости теплофизических параметров активированных термоэмиссионных катодов от тока в стационарном дуговом разряде
Authors: Цыдыпов Б.Д. , Симаков И.Г. , Базарова С.Б.
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe influence of electrical current (in the range 20–150 A) on the thermophysical characteristics of activated thermal cathodes (W + 2% ThO_2) in a freely glowing low-pressure argon arc is investigated. For the first time, the dependences of key cathode parameters, such as the heat flux at the electrode, the voltage equivalent of the heat, the specific erosion, and the distributions of the temperature and work function over the extension length of the cathode from the holder, are obtained. A nonmonotonic dependence of the specific erosion on the electrical current with a minimal level at 50–60 A is noted.
Генерация капельных бесселевых пучков при помощи полупроводникового лазера
Authors: Лосев С.Н. , Абдулразак С.Х. , Чистяков Д.В. , Мыльников В.Ю. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Беркутов И.В. , Задиранов Ю.М. , Дерягин Н.Г. , Дюделев В.В. , Кучинский В.И. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we studied Bessel beams obtained using an axicon with a substantially rounded apex. A study of the interference of two wave fronts arising from the refraction of the generating beam on an imperfect axicon showed that rounding its apex results in periodic pulsations of intensity in the resultant quasi-Bessel beam resembling visually the “droplets” of light. The proposed mathematical model demonstrates excellent agreement with the experiment.
Уравнения для импульса и энергии рентгеновского волнового поля в кристалле
Authors: Дышеков А.А.
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new approach for describing the interaction of X rays with a crystalline medium is proposed. General relations for a change in the electromagnetic-field momentum and energy have been derived for a nonmagnetic medium with variable permittivity. A special local coordinate system for an inhomogeneous medium is introduced, in which the Maxwell tension tensor has a canonical form determined by the energy and momentum densities. Main relations for changes in the energy and momentum densities have been obtained in the coordinate system related to the propagation direction of a plane electromagnetic wave pulse in a homogeneous medium.
Validating the University Student Engagement Model through Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Mwita Hafsa Mzee
Published: September 2018

The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether emotional, cognitive and behavioral engagements, represents three conceptually and empirically distinct psychological constructs when studied within the same domain. This paper reports part of the findings from a major study entitled “Predictors of Self-Handicapping Behavior among Muslim Students”. Testing for factorial equivalence of scores from a measuring instrument was carried-out through structural equation modeling by using AMOS version 16. Results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis of responses from 790 undergraduates prove that the SEM three factor model of University Student Engagement (USE) is empirically fit and reliable, which also supports the argument that emotion, behavior and cognition are the student engagement manifestations of an interrelated constellation of academic student engagement.
Migración potosina a Monterrey durante el porfiriato
Authors: Escamilla Gómez Rodrigo Fernando
Published: September 2018

El proceso de industrialización en Monterrey, Nuevo León, a finales del siglo xix, provocó una expansión urbana y demográfica sin precedentes en la entidad. Muchos de los migrantes que llegaron a la ciudad eran originarios de San Luis Potosí, y se establecieron al sur del Río Santa Catarina. La mayoría de ellos se convirtieron en trabajadores de las fábricas, de la construcción y comerciantes. Convirtieron al barrio de San Luisito, en un todavía importante punto de referencia para Monterrey.
Dialéctica del espacio. El fetichismo del poder en la producción de arquitectura y ciudad
Authors: Gómez Carbajal Omar Alejandro
Published: September 2018

Tres son las cuestiones que estructuran este trabajo. En primera instancia, desde qué perspectivas teóricas y experiencias históricas podemos entender el poder en sus términos amplios y generales. En la segunda parte, cuáles son las categorías de análisis del poder en el espacio social que nos aclaren sus dinámicas y modos de operar. Finalmente, cómo podemos observar la relación entre arquitectura y poder cuando el poder deviene dominador.
Alta Densidad
Authors: Taboada Jorge
Published: September 2018

En este proyecto rescato cuidadosamente del caos de la ciudad,
aquellos lugares que puedo ordenar. Selecciono los grandes
fraccionamientos nuevos de los municipios dormitorios, que por
su extensión y características físicas me proporcionan un placer
visual, como el de disfrutar de un cuadro de Victor Vasarely.
El espacio como contenedor de relaciones de poder. Un estudio sobre Alpuyeca, Morelos
Authors: Tomasini Padilla María Fernanda
Published: September 2018

La posesión del territorio otorga poder, por ello los espacios suelen ser disputados por múltiples individuos o comunidades. Para observar cómo se comporta el poder, resulta muy útil analizar las tensiones entre el mercado y las comunidades sobre la propiedad. El análisis del caso de Alpuyeca, Morelos, permite observar cómo funcionan las relaciones de poder por y en el espacio. Esta comunidad desde el 2006 ha resistido contra diversos proyectos del mercado inmobiliario.
Casa Bustamante Aguirre: Francisco Artigas
Authors: Rivera García Arturo
Published: September 2018

El arquitecto Luis Barragán, autor del proyecto residencial Jardines del Pedregal, fue quien ideó a mediados de la década de los cuarenta un proyecto de gran escala para urbanizar parcialmente al Pedregal de San Ángel con un lujoso fraccionamiento residencial. Sus intenciones de diseño, sumadas a la arquitectura construida en las primeras décadas, fueron consecuencia de un reglamento estudiado y elaborado por Barragán y Max Cetto, documento inspirado en el texto de Diego Rivera al que tituló “Requisitos para la organización del Pedregal,” publicado en 1946. Los principios y bases de ambos documentos, buscaban fomentar estrategias para realizar intervenciones puntuales que lograran integrarse en armonía para conservar la belleza natural del sitio, además de establecer características arquitectónicas para las nuevas edificaciones y así unificar la imagen urbana.
Al tener complicaciones para adquirir la extensión total que conforma a la actual colonia, Barragán recurrió a los hermanos Bustamante Aguirre, quienes provenían de una prestigiosa familia conocida por sus ventas y desarrollos inmobiliarios. Fueron ellos quienes se encargaron de adquirir la mayor parte de los terrenos y de fundar la empresa Jardines del Pedregal de San Ángel S. A., en 1945.
En un inicio Barragán presentó el proyecto ante el Departamento Central del Distrito Federal para
solicitar la autorización de la construcción de un fraccionamiento residencial de carácter campestre,
uno de los requisitos fue que la lotificación debía partir de una hectárea de extensión como mínimo, condición que se cumplió durante los primeros años, sin embargo, en los años posteriores a 1950, la lotificación y venta de los siguientes predios comenzó a reducirse a terrenos que tenían desde los 4 000 hasta los 10 000 m2, de este modo el desarrollo de la primera sección motivo por el cual, en 1953 el fraccionamiento perdió su carácter de campestre según la regulación y se convirtió en un barrio más
de la Ciudad de México, quedó constituida por los predios más grandes, mientras que en las etapas posteriores los nuevos terrenos fueron reducidos a 1 000 y 2 000 m2.
Del paisaje del poder al lugar contrahegemónico
Authors: Peimbert Duarte Alejandro
Published: September 2018

El paisaje de la zona del Río Nuevo se revela como obra inacabada, naturaleza perdida y espacio de promesa. Para comprender los significados de este enclave fronterizo es pertinente el estudio de la cultura, desde la etnografía urbana. En este artículo se interpreta la construcción del paisaje del Río Nuevo como un ejercicio de poder. Para ello se revisan los conceptos de poder y contrahegemonía, buscando su aproximación con la noción de espacio. Además, se hace una revisión histórica de la conformación de esta zona y se exponen las tensiones entre gobierno y ciertos grupos de población avecindada, con la intención de evidenciar cómo el encuentro de estas fuerzas es la materia para la construcción de este entorno incierto.
The effect of knockdown of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 on glucose and lipid metabolism in human hepatoblastoma cells
Authors: Yu Tianfei , Li Ming , Dong Huiying , Xie Pengyu , Sun Wanzhu , Meng Bo , Mu Yanshuang
Published: September 2018

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important insect pests of maize, and has a significant impact on the production of this crop. In this work, we examined the effects of different insecticides on the antioxidative defense system of O. nubilalis larvae. The experimental setup consisted of a completely randomized block design with 4 replicates. Four experimental groups were formed as follows: control (C), indoxacarb (250 mL ha-1), chlorantraniliprole (100 mL ha-1) and the chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin (200 mL ha-1) group. Larvae from maize stems were collected 20 days after insecticide application and the whole larvae were homogenized. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the total amount of free SH groups were assessed. Comparison of the experimental groups showed that indoxacarb significantly affected the activities of GST, GPx and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole significantly affected the activities of SOD, CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups, while chlorantraniliprole+lambda cyhalothrin significantly affected the activities of CAT, GST and the total amount of free SH groups. The results show that exposure to insecticides considerably affects the antioxidative defense components of the European corn borer larvae, especially chlorantraniliprole (T2).
Microwave assisted synthesis of 1H-tetrazole-based flavonoid derivatives and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ashok Dongamanti , Nagaraju Nalaparaju , Sarasija Madderla , Lakshmi Vijaya
Published: September 2018

A series of novel tetrazole scaffolds containing chalcones 4a?e and aurones 5a?e were synthesized under conventional and microwave irradiation conditions. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral data. Furthermore, the title compounds were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria, such as Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, as well as fungi, such as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum. Some of the compounds showed very good activity compared to standard drugs against all the tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Efficiency in managing peer-review of scientific manuscripts - editors’ perspective
Authors: Nedic Olgica , Drvenica Ivana , Ausloos Marcel , Dekanski Aleksandar
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a model for measuring the efficiency in managing peer-review of scientific manuscripts by editors. The approach employed is based on the assumption that the editorial aim is to manage publication with high efficiency, employing the least amount of editorial resources. Efficiency is defined in this research as a measure based on 7 variables. An on-line survey was constructed and editors of journals originating from Serbia regularly publishing articles in the field of chemistry were invited to participate. An evaluation of the model is given based on responses from 24 journals and 50 editors. With this investigation we aimed to contribute to our understanding of the peer-review process and, possibly, offer a tool to improve the ?efficiency? in journal editing. The proposed protocol may be adapted by other journals in order to assess the managing potential of editors.
Retrospective radon measurements based on implanted 210Po in glass objects using polycarbonate detectors
Authors: Azadbar Alireza , Sardari Dariush , Kardan Mohamadreza , Baradaran Samaneh
Published: September 2018

In the present investigation, a surface-deposited polonium was measured in
37 houses in Rasht and Ramsar cities of Iran with the aim of evaluating the
retrospective radon concentration. The CR-LR technique is widely
used in this regard, but for the first time, Lexan polycarbonate
detectors were used to measure the activity of 210Po planted in glassy
objects. These detectors were placed on glassy surfaces for 153 to 365 days.
A passive cylindrical diffusion chamber was used for the contemporary
radon concentration measurements. The diffusion chamber consists of the
Lexan polycarbonate films as a solid state nuclear track detectors and
filter. The surface-deposited 210Po activity concentration was found to vary
from 0.26 to 11.96 mBqcm-2 with average of 2.62 mBqcm-2. The sensitivity of
210Po to polycarbonate was determined to be 0.06456 track per cm2 per
mBqhcm-2. Thus, the radon concentration was found to vary from 122 to
4840 Bqm-3 with an average value 1243 Bqm-3 and the contemporary radon
concentration in the area was found to vary from 15 to 2420 Bqm-3 with an
average 513 Bqm-3. The results indicate that there is a significant
correlation between the concentration of the retrospective radon and the
concentration of the contemporary radon gas in the indicated areas with a
coefficient of 0.80672.
Synthesis of fluorapatite nanopowders by a surfactant-assisted microwave method under isothermal conditions
Authors: Stanic Vojislav , Adnadjevic Borivoj , Dimitrijevic Suzana , Dimovic Slavko , Mitric Miodrag , Zmejkovski Bojana , Smiljanic Slavko
Published: September 2018

Fluorapatite nanopowders with different amounts of fluoride ions were
prepared using the surfactant-assisted microwave method under isothermal
conditions. Microwave irradiation was applied for the rapid formation of
crystals. A micellar solution of polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether was used
as a regulator of nucleation and crystal growth. Characterization studies
from X-ray diffraction, field-emission scaning electron microscopy and
Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed that crystals have an apatite
structure and particles of all samples are nano size, with an average length
of 50 nm and about 15-25 nm in diameter. Antimicrobial studies have
demonstrated that synthesized fluorapatite nanopowders exhibit activity
against tested pathogens: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and
Candida albicans. Activity increased with the amount of fluoride
ions. The synthesized fluorapatite nanomaterials are promising as
materials in environmental protection and medicine for orthopedics and
dental restorations.
Prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations of partial trisomy 12q(12q24.2→qter) and partial monosomy 2q (2q37.3→qter)
Authors: Joksic Ivana , Liehr Thomas , Toljic Mina , Karadzov-Orlic Natasa , Milovanovic Zagorka , Mikovic Zeljko , Egic Amira
Published: September 2018

Introduction. Partial trisomy of chromosome 12 long arm is rare condition with significant clinical impact and is usually diagnosed postnatally. Case report. We present prenatal sonographic findings and molecular cytogenetic characterization of partial trisomy 12q and partial monosomy 2q in two consecutive pregnancies of a healthy non-consanguineous couple. A 35-year-old pregnant woman G3P1A1 was referred to genetic counseling due to sonographic anomalies detected in the fetus. First trimester ultrasound examination revealed hyperechogenic focus in the left cardiac ventricle, single umbilical artery, hyperechogenic bowel and unilateral clubfoot with knee joint ankylosis. Previous pregnancy of the couple was terminated at 26th gestation weeks due to multiple fetal anomalies: bilateral ventriculomegaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, single umbilical artery and clubfoot. In G3P1A1, amniocentesis was performed and cytogenetic analyses revealed a derivative chromosome 2. Subsequent cytogenetic analyses of parental lymphocytes showed that paternal karyotype was normal, while maternal karyotype showed a der(2). Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies demonstrated partial trisomy 12q24.2?12qter and partial monosomy 2q37.3?2qter in the fetus, resulting from an unbalanced segregation of a maternal balanced translocation t(2;12)(q37.3;q24.2). To date, this is the first such prenatally detected case. Literature search revealed three more cases of prenatally detected partial trisomy 12q and anomalies described were consistent with ones detected in present case. Our findings contribute to further clinical delineation of partial trisomy 12q. Conclusion. Prenatal detection of single umbilical artery, clubfoot, arthogryposis and ventriculomegaly should alert suspicion to chromosome 12q aberrations.
Irony, deception and theory of mind in people with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnoses
Authors: Djordjevic Mirjana , Glumbic Nenad , Brojcin Branislav
Published: September 2018

Background/Aim. The ability to comprehend and produce irony and deception is rarely explored in people with intellectual disability (ID) or dual diagnoses (DD). The ability to understand irony and deception appears to be related to many cognitive skills, but some authors point out that the theory of mind is one of the most important factors for this ability. This research was conducted to determine the linguistic aspects of production and comprehension of irony and deception in adults with ID and DD, as well as the relationship of these abilities with theory of mind. Methods. The sample consisted of 120 people with ID aged between 20 and 56. Half of the sample comprised people with DD. Four subscales from the Assessment Battery for Communication were used to assess the participants? abilities to produce and comprehend irony and deception. False-belief tasks from ?appearance-reality? category were used in theory of mind assessment. The level of intellectual functioning was measured by the Raven?s progressive matrices, while the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was used to assess speech comprehension ability. Results. The results show that participants with DD and ID comprehend and produce false statements better than ironic ones. Participants with ID were more successful in production than in comprehension tasks of both false and ironic statements, while the same was true for participants with DD only for ironic statements. Participants with ID were significantly more successful than participants with DD in irony comprehension tasks. In participants with ID, first-order theory of mind significantly correlated only with the ability to produce irony, and second-order theory of mind significantly correlated with producing irony and deception. There were no significant correlations between theory of mind and producing and comprehending irony and deception in participants with DD. Conclusion. Although differences in some aspects of assessed abilities were found between the two groups of participants, the similarities in the profile of these abilities were dominant. Results of variability can be explained by differences in speech comprehension ability more than by differences in nonverbal intellectual functioning or theory of mind acquisition. Future studies should assess the influence of other cognitive factors.
Chronic rhinitis in glassblowers
Authors: Baletic Nenad , Peric Aleksandar , Sotirovic Jelena , Erdoglija Milan
Published: September 2018

Background/Aim. Glassworkers, especially glassblowers are in close contact with a variety of chemical and physical harmful agents at their workplace. Upper aerodigestive pathway is predominantly vulnerable to these agents. Breathing of warm volatile substances and dust, and mouth touch with glassblower's pipe are the main ways for chronic respiratory mucosa inflammation. The aim of this study was to estimate effect of workplace environment in a glass manufacturer plant, as a causative factor, on the prevalence of chronic rhinitis in glassblowers. Methods. Studied groups, one hundred glassblowers and 100 nonglassblowers in a same factory, were examined for diagnosis of chronic rhinitis. Results. This investigation confirmed that chronic rhinitis prevalence among glassblowers was significantly higher than that in non-glassblowers. The duration of exposure to harmful factors was not a significant factor for chronic rhinitis development. Conclusion. On their workplace, glassblowers are exposed to greater influence of noxious factors, and they have statistically greater risk for getting chronic rhinitis than nonglassblowers who work in the same work environment. Glass production by glassblowing is highly significant risk factor for getting chronic rhinitis, but the exposure period is not.
A randomized trial of surgery alone versus surgery plus compression in the treatment of venous leg ulcers in patients with primary venous insufficiency
Authors: Milic Dragan , Zivic Sasa , Golubovic Mladjan , Bogdanovic Dragan , Lazarevic Milan , Lazarevic Konstansa
Published: September 2018

Background/Aim.Venous leg ulcers (VLU) are a significant health problem worldwide. It is well known that VLU are difficult to treat and that they have high tendency for recurrence. Compression therapy is the preferred treatment modality but there is growing evidence that correction of underlying venous disorder in early stages of the disease in addition to compression treatment may improve ulcer healing and reduce recurrence rate. Methods. An open, prospective, randomized, single-center study, with a 6-months follow-up was performed to determine the efficacy of two different treatment modalities (surgery alone versus surgery plus compression) in the treatment of VLU in patients with primary venous insufficiency. Patients with secondary venous insufficiency and/or thrombosis were excluded from the study. Overall, 71 patients were randomized (37 men, 34 women; mean age 60 years) into two groups: the group A ? 34 patients who underwent surgical intervention (stripping) and postoperatively were treated with simple wound dressing only, and the group B ? 37 patients who underwent surgical intervention (stripping) and wore a heelless open-toed elastic class III compression device knitted in tubular form ?Tubulcus? (Laboratoires Innothera, Arcueil, France). All patients in group B were instructed to wear compression device continuously during the day and night. The study was performed at the Clinic for Cardiovascular and Transplant Surgery, Clinical Centre Nis (Serbia) with primary endpoint of the study being complete ulcer healing at 180 days. Results. The healing rate was 29.41% (10/34) in the group A, and 56.76% (21/37) in the group B (p < 0.01). Mean healing time in the group A was 141 ?15 days, and in the group B it was 98 ?12 days (Log-rank life table analysis: p < 0.001). Conclusion. This study suggests that for VLU in patients with primary venous insufficiency, surgery plus compression therapy provides higher healing rate and faster healing time compared to surgery only.
Comparison of the Contact Force Exerted on Teeth by Conventional Macintosh Laryngoscope Versus Video Laryngoscopes
Authors: Kato Yasuhiko , Sakuma Yasushi , Momota Yoshihiro
Published: September 2018

During laryngoscopy, the laryngoscope blade sometimes comes in contact with the teeth, fracturing or dislocating them. However, no studies have compared the effects of newly marketed video laryngoscopes and the Macintosh laryngoscope (Mac) on teeth. In this study, we measured and compared the force exerted on the teeth of an intubating manikin by the Mac, the Airway Scope (Pentax), and the McGrath MAC (Covidien). The mean force exerted was 141.1 ± 15.7 kg by the Mac, 39.2 ± 10.3 kg by the Airway Scope, and 48.7 ± 6.7 kg by the McGrath MAC. No significant difference was observed between the Airway Scope and the McGrath MAC. When the Mac is inserted, the glottis has to be visually located from outside the oral cavity. However, a significant force is not necessary when inserting video laryngoscopes because a camera is mounted on the blade tip. In this laboratory model, the lower force exerted by the video laryngoscopes should contribute to a reduction in their impact on fracture or dislocation of teeth.
The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Oral Mucosal Blood Flow and the Absorption of Lidocaine
Authors: Tomita Shu , Yamazaki Shinya , Togami Kohei , Tada Hitoshi , Kawaai Hiroyoshi
Published: September 2018

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a sedative and analgesic agent that acts via the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor and is associated with reduced anesthetic requirements, as well as attenuated blood pressure and heart rate in response to stressful events. A previous study reported that cat gingival blood flow was controlled via sympathetic alpha-adrenergic fibers involved in vasoconstriction. In the present study, experiment 1 focused on the relationship between the effects of DEX on alpha adrenoreceptors and vasoconstriction in the tissues of the oral cavity and compared the palatal mucosal blood flow (PMBF) in rabbits between general anesthesia with sevoflurane and sedation with DEX. We found that the PMBF was decreased by DEX presumably because of the vasoconstriction of oral mucosal vessels following alpha-2 adrenoreceptor stimulation by DEX. To assess if this vasoconstriction would allow decreased use of locally administered epinephrine during DEX infusion, experiment 2 in the present study monitored the serum lidocaine concentration in rabbits to compare the absorption of lidocaine without epinephrine during general anesthesia with sevoflurane and sedation with DEX. The depression of PMBF by DEX did not affect the absorption of lidocaine. We hypothesize that this is because lidocaine dilates the blood vessels, counteracting the effects of DEX. In conclusion, despite decreased palatal blood flow with DEX infusion, local anesthetics with vasoconstrictors should be used in implant and oral surgery even with administered DEX.
Male Gender and High Trait Anxiety Are 2 Major Factors Associated With Severe Dental Fear and Avoidance
Authors: Ihara Yoshiaki , Fukuda Ken-ichi , Saita Naoko , Ichinohe Tatsuya
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this article is to investigate the association between the background characteristics of patients with severe fear of dental treatment who frequently avoid dental care and the degree of difficulty in treating them. At the time of initial presentation at a dental phobia clinic, each of 321 subjects was asked to complete the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Dental Anxiety Scale, and a health questionnaire related to phobic objects. Subjects who rejected oral examination with a dental mirror were categorized as being severely difficult to treat, whereas those who were able to undergo examination were categorized as being moderately difficult to treat. In the statistical analysis, assessment items that were correlated with difficulty to treat were designated as independent variables for a logistic regression analysis. In the logistic regression analysis, significant correlations were observed for gender (male > female with adjusted odds ratio, 4.121; 95% CI, 1.96–8.65) and level of trait anxiety (2.401; 1.01–5.73). Male gender and a high trait anxiety were identified as major factors associated with severe dental fear and avoidance.