bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Polyaniline on Silane-Functionalized Zinc Oxide
Authors: Dizon James Christian M. , Tapia Alvin Karlo Garcia , Razado-Colambo Ivy , Herrera Marvin U.
Published: August 2018

In this study, polyaniline on silane-functionalized zinc oxide was fabricated. The zinc oxide particles were functionalized by soaking in silane aniline-ethanol solution. Afterwhich, the polyaniline was polymerized on the grafted silane aniline molecules using oxidative polymerization. The FTIR spectra showed vibrational peaks associated with the silane aniline molecules and grafted polyaniline. The sampled soaked in silane aniline coupling agent showed FTIR peaks associated with grafted silane aniline. The sample soaked for one minute showed FTIR peaks associated with ortho-coupled aniline units that is formed during the start of aniline polymerization. The sample soaked for three minutes showed FTIR peaks that is broader compared to others due to ring vibration in long polymeric chain.
Behaviour of CO2-Polypropylene at Different Temperature Using Molecular Modelling Technique
Authors: Sharudin Rahida Wati , Shayuti Muhammad Shafiq , Md Azmi Nik Salwani
Published: August 2018

Polypropylene is one of the most widely used plastics due to its desirable qualities such as low cost and its versatility. Polypropylene is also a semi-crystalline polymer where its properties and behaviour are affected by the thermal/mechanical properties during processing. The objective of this work is to predict the behaviour of CO2-polypropylene system at different temperature using dynamic simulation technique. Molecular modelling method has been extensively used by process simulators to forecast the expected outcome of certain processes. Cell containing CO2 and polypropylene were built using Amorphous Cell module and dynamic simulation was conducted using Forcite module with COMPASS II forcefield at 150, 155, 158 and 160°C using NVT ensemble. Molecular structuring was observed for the polypropylene after dynamic simulation where it formed a spherical shape. From the analysis, the mean square displacement (MSD) for the CO2 was the highest at 160°C. Higher MSD for CO2 in the system means that it is easier for the molecules to move into the system. The predicted diffusion coefficient CO2 also follows the trend of the MSD graph where it increases when the temperature increases. Higher temperature means that more energy was supplied to the system which made the molecules become kinetically energetic. Hence, the CO2 molecules tended to move to a wider area compared to the system with low temperature. Based on the result presented in this paper, it was concluded that molecular modelling was able to predict the behaviour of polypropylene in the presence of CO2 at various temperatures.
The consequences of path dependency on funding for infill development in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Killin Emily , March Alan
Published: August 2018

The increasing responsibility of the local government sector to provide and maintain a range of infrastructure is threatening its financial sustainability. The ‘development contributions’ system is one measure adopted by local government in Victoria, Australia to assist in the funding of infrastructure required as a result of new development. The development contributions system is intended to be used state-wide, but in practice the majority of development contributions have been collected in just seven Melbourne municipalities associated with greenfield development. In July 2012 the Victorian state government announced reforms to the system, which were eventually enacted in October 2016. These reforms are considered in this paper. Using two case studies of Hume City Council and Surf Coast Shire Council, this paper assesses the effectiveness of the new funding system for infill development in the Melbourne area. The findings suggest that the historic path dependency of the system has resulted in a missed opportunity as the new system remains fundamentally designed for greenfield development rather than highly important infill development.
Morphology, Chemical Composition and Mixing State of
Atmospheric Aerosols from Two Contrasting Environments in
Southern India
Authors: Hariram Chandrika Rajendran , Govardhan Gaurav , Manoj Mohanan Remani , Anand Narayana Sarma , Kannan Karuppiah , Satheesh Sreedharan Krishnakumari , Moorthy Krishnaswamy Krishna
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The state of mixing of aerosols significantly influence their transformation, deposition, radiative forcing and health effects. We report the realistic (as in the atmosphere) state of mixing and morphology of aerosols at two nearby but contrasting environments; the urban region Bengaluru and a remote region Challakere. Ambient aerosols are collected on filter substrates using a High-Volume Sampler and analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results show that the prevailing state of mixing of aerosols is 'core-shell' with SiO2 as the core and Carbon-SiO2-others (Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminium and other dust origin elements) combinations as the shell. On an average, for Bengaluru (Challakere), 66 % (51 %) of the core surface is coated. The sample-wise mean Carbon content of the composite particles reaches as high as ~ 26 % (~ 9 %) at Bengaluru (Challakere). The ambient black carbon (BC) mass concentration and the amount of rainfall that occurs just prior to the end of sampling are found to significantly influence the Carbon content of the particles. To the best of our knowledge, this is a first-of-its kind study over Indian region, coupling realistic aerosol observations and spectroscopy along with advanced image processing techniques to investigate the state of mixing and morphology of atmospheric aerosols at single particle resolution. This knowledge regarding the real-life state of mixing of aerosols would be useful in constraining the models studying aerosol-radiation interactions.
The Paleocene record of marine diatoms in deep-sea sediments
Authors: Renaudie Johan , Drews Effi-Laura , Böhne Simon
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Marine planktonic diatoms, as today's ocean main carbon and silicon exporters, are central to developing an understanding of the interplay between the evolution of marine life and climate change. The diatom fossil record extends as far as the Early Cretaceous, and the late Paleogene to Recent interval is relatively complete and well documented. Their early Paleogene record, when diatoms first expanded substantially in the marine plankton, is hampered by decreased preservation (notably an episode of intense chertification in the early Eocene) as well as by observation bias. In this article, we attempt to correct for the latter by collecting diatom data in various Paleocene samples from legacy Deep Sea Drilling Project and Ocean Drilling Program deep-sea sediment sections. The results show a different picture from what previous analyses concluded, in that the Paleocene deep-sea diatoms seem in fact to have been as diverse and abundant as in the later Eocene, while exhibiting very substantial survivorship of Cretaceous species up until the Eocene.
Impact of the foundation program and high school grade in predicting the cumulative grade point average (CGPA) among the graduates of the nursing program at the Ministry of Health Educational Institutes in Oman
Authors: Alghenaimi Said A. , Al-Saadi Maiyasa G. , Al Reesi Hamed K.
Published: August 2018

Background and objective: Higher education has witnessed significant changes in order to provide quality education that meets the needs of the 21st century. To be in par with international best practices, the foundation program was established to prepare the high school leavers for higher education in Oman, a middle-eastern country. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the relationship between students’ high school scores and their cumulative grade point average (CGPA) among the graduates of the nursing program in Oman, and (2) compare the CGPA of the student who attended the general foundation program (GFP) compared to the ones who did not attend the GFP. Methods: Secondary data analysis approach was used to access the alumni files one year before and one year after the implementation of the GFP. A retrospective approach was used to gather data from the alumni files, which included high school grade, whether the graduates have attended the foundation program or not, their first year Grade point average (GPA), and their CGPA.Results: Six hundred twenty-seven (n = 627) graduates were recruited from two cohorts, one attended the GFP (n = 287; 45.8%) and the others did not attend the GFP (n = 340; 54.2%). Majority of the participants who were included in this study were female graduate (n = 535; 85.3%). The students who attended the GFP were found to have higher first year GPA and higher CGPA compared to those who did not attend the GFP. High Diploma Scores and First Year GPA were significant predictors of the graduation CGPA of the graduates who did not enroll in the GFP whereas First Year GPA was the main predictors of the CGPA of the graduates who attended the GFP. It was also obvious that the first year GPA showed a higher significant correlation with CGPA among GFP attenders (r = 0.912, p < .01) in comparison to non GFP attenders (r = 0.775, p < .01).Conclusions: This study sheds light into the impact of foundation program on the overall students’ performance in the nursing program. It significantly reveals that GFP, has a positive impact on the overall CGPA, as it equipped the students with the necessary study skills and increased their English proficiency levels.
Hierarchy of qualitative characteristics of financial statements of enterprises during insolvency proceedings
Authors: Bauer Kinga
Published: August 2018

According to IFRS, if financial information is to be considered useful to users, it must have certain quali-
tative characteristics, such as relevance and faithful representation. Complementary features are compa-
rability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability. These features are designed to meet the infor-
mation needs of the users who are indicated by IFRS as priority groups when high quality of financial
statements needs to be ensured. Bankruptcy proceedings create new groups of stakeholders who have specific information needs. In this article, an assumption was made that the loss of the ability to continue operations and the provisions of the Bankruptcy Law in Poland may determine the information needs of the main users of the financial statements of a company in bankruptcy, and thus affect the hierarchy of quali-tative features of the financial statements. In the case of bankruptcy, the stakeholders that use information contained in financial statements are primarily the court, judges, commissioners, trustees and creditors. The purpose of this paper was to determine the hierarchy of the importance of qualitative features of financial statements, specific to insolvency proceedings. In order to fulfill this goal, questionnaire surveys were car-ried out among specialists in the field of bankruptcy. The methods of mathematical statistics were used, which helped in the interpretation of the obtained results. A hierarchy of qualitative characteristics of fi-nancial statements specific to the insolvency proceedings was built as a result of the conducted research. Despite the specificity of bankruptcy proceedings, the opinions of bankruptcy specialists indicate a differ-ent, though partially similar, approach to the one presented in the IFRS Conceptual Framework. As the most important qualitative characteristics of financial statements, bankruptcy specialists indicated three: understandability, faithful representation and relevance. In their assessment, the least important qualitative characteristic of financial statements is comparability of financial data between entities. The significance of differences in the assessment of individual characteristics was shown in the study.
Flexural strength of glass using Weibull
statistic analysis
Authors: Demchyna B. , Osadchuk T.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The aim of the study is to measure the flexural strength of glass by proposed
experimental procedures. In addition, step-by-step guidelines for the strength data analysis
using a two-parameter Weibull distribution are given.
Design/methodology/approach: Twelve glass samples of three series were tested by
three-point bending with horizontal ‘3PB(H)’ and vertical ‘3PB(V)’ orientation of samples. A
two-parameter Weibull distribution was applied as an appropriate model to describe three
strength data sets for glass.
Findings: The experiments performed on nominally identical glass specimens revealed
a wide range of flexural strength values, from 39.77 MPa to 171.71 MPa at a loading rate
of not more than 1.05 MPa/s. 3PB(V) samples with vertical orientation demonstrated the
flexural strength similar to that of 3PB(H) samples with horizontal orientation. The Weibull
modulus, which is the measure of flexural strength variation, was between 2.04 and 5.23 at
the coefficient of determination R2 greater than 90% for all series. The characteristic values
of the glass strength, corresponding to the 5% fractile value, in accordance with the test
evaluation procedure were 23.71 MPa, 31.98 MPa, 53.43 MPa for the first, the second and
the third test series, respectively.
Research limitations/implications: The maximum flexural strength of glass highly
depends on the surface condition, and therefore the strength of the glass of different
batches is variable whatever the case may be. For the guaranteed strength of glass used for
structural purposes it is necessary to conduct strength tests of the glass from each batch
under conditions that closely correspond to actual operating conditions.
Practical implications: The obtained strength data is needed for designing glass load
bearing constructions subjected to actual operating conditions (e.g. multilayered glass
plates working on bending under static loading).
Originality/value: A comprehensive overview of the existing methods for glass strength
testing was presented. The features of the used flexural tests and the statistical analysis of
the measured strength data were described. The results may be of a particular interest to
the specialists in the modern design of load bearing glass constructions.
L’image de la Grande Faucheuse et sa subversion humoristique. Une étude exploratoire
Authors: Lévy Joseph Josy
Published: August 2018

La Grande Faucheuse, l’une des figures thanatiques de l’iconographie occidentale, a souvent été utilisée dans la création artistique et cinématographique. Elle a aussi fait l’objet d’une réinterprétation humoristique que cet article se propose d’explorer à partir d’exemples contemporains (cinéma, bande dessinée et dessins disponibles sur Internet). L’analyse met en évidence les stratégies scénographiques et discursives pour créer des effets humoristiques (incongruité, agressivité, quiproquo, etc.) qui visent à humaniser la mort en explorant les enjeux et les dilemmes que la Grande Faucheuse rencontre dans son existence et ses fonctions.
De l’art de rire de tout. Les crânes d’Andreas Dettloff en Polynésie française
Authors: Deso Gaëtan
Published: August 2018

Artiste installé en Polynésie française, Andreas Dettloff est à l’origine d’une série d’oeuvres incitant au dialogue et à penser l’autre. Au moyen d’un détournement de la mort par l’humour, la série dite des Crânes1confronte les spectateurs à des référents culturels malmenés par le temps et le choc des cultures. Étudier certaines de ces productions sera ici le moyen d’observer et d’attester des points de rencontres et de conflits au sein de la société contemporaine de Polynésie française, en faisant référence à l’anthropologie et à l’histoire de l’art. Faites d’irrévérences envers les poncifs, ces oeuvres viennent bousculer les spectateurs et les forcer à devenir partie prenante des débats.
As imagens simbólicas sobre o pranto feminino
Authors: Gomes Eunice Simões Lins , Brito da Silva Leyla Thays
Published: August 2018

Nosso artigo analisa as imagens simbólicas sobre o pranto feminino, tendo como recorte analítico o episódio do evangelho apócrifo de Pedro, em que as mulheres dirigem-se ao túmulo de Jesus para realizar as honrarias fúnebres ao mestre. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa. A concepção de pranto foi delineada sob a perspectiva mitológica e fundamentada com a teoria do imaginário, tendo como instrumento de análise a “Hermenêutica Simbólica de Gilbert Durand e a Mitohermenêutica de Ferreira-Santos”. Consideramos que, em seu simbolismo de morte, o pranto dessas mulheres que choraram compulsivamente, ao ponto de se ouvir uma voz “Mulher por que choras?”, apresenta a função de trazer à consciência da comunidade o término da vida, uma vez que o espetáculo da dor emocional descrito com o bater no peito e o puxar de cabelos, enfim, o lamento fúnebre, revela a angústia diante do tempo e da morte.
Iodine‐Promoted One‐pot Synthesis of Highly Substituted 4‐Aminopyrroles and Bis‐4‐aminopyrrole from Aryl Methyl Ketones, Arylamines, and Enamines
Authors: Jalani Hitesh B. , Mali Jyotirling R. , Park Hyejun , Lee Jae Kyun , Lee Kiho , Lee Kyeong , Choi Yongseok
Published: August 2018

An iodine‐promoted one‐pot synthesis of functionally diverse and highly substituted 4‐aminopyrroles directly from aryl methyl ketones, arylamines, and enamines was developed. The reaction involves in‐situ oxidation of aryl methyl ketone to glyoxal, subsequent imine formation by aniline, followed by nucleophilic addition of enamine, and cyclization to afford highly substituted 4‐aminopyrroles. This reaction involved the formation of two C−N bonds and one C−C bond by a formal [1+1+3] annulation approach. The present method provides an interesting framework of two 4‐aminopyrrole units directly attached to a biphenyl core by the reaction of 4,4′‐diacyl biphenyl, amine, and enamine groups. This Hantzsch‐type one‐pot reaction provides diverse 4‐aminopyrroles, which could be useful in medicinal/material chemistry.

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An insight towards anticancer potential of major coffee constituents
Authors: Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Islam Muhammad Torequl , Tabrez Shams , Shakil Shazi , Zaidi Syed Kashif , Khan Fayaz Rahman , Araújo Lidiane da Silva , de Meneses Ag‐Anne Pereira Melo , Santos José Victor de Oliveira , Melo‐Cavalcante Ana Amélia de Carvalho
Published: August 2018

Cancer is a complex disease that transforms a normal cell into a malignant cell by disturbing different molecular mechanisms. Lately, plant‐derived bioactive products have gained prominent attention to serve as anti‐cancer agents. These natural anti‐neoplastic agents are believed to act as alternatives for the synthetic drugs or could be used to enhance the prospect of other drugs in reducing their dose, thus limiting their possible toxic effects. They could also counterbalance the other anti‐cancer drug‐induced adverse effects. Among natural plant‐derived products, coffee has been reported for its significant anti‐carcinogenic effects in the scientific literature. This article aims to highlight the anti‐cancer potential of different coffee components viz. caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids, caffeine (1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine), cafestol, ferulic acid, and kahweol together in a single article. Based on our article, it is quite clear that these bioactive components have important therapeutic potentials against cancerous cells. However, the lack of clinical data negates their use in humans. Therefore, more research is recommended to achieve the desired pharmaceutical value. We also implore assessing their safety and possible adverse effects prior to their progress into clinical trials. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(4):315–326, 2018
Recent Advances in Hydrometallation of Alkenes and Alkynes via the First Row Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Guo Jun , Lu Zhan
Published: August 2018

Hydrometallation of alkenes and alkynes provides a straightforward route to access alkyl‐ or alkenyl‐metal reagents, which have a wide range of applications in organic transformations. In recent years, the first row transition metals (such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, etc.) have emerged high activity and selectivity in this area with the aid of a variety of ligands. This review covers the recent advances in the hydrometallation of minimally functionalized unsaturated C—C bonds (including alkenes, alkynes, dienes, allenes, enynes, etc.), as well as transformations involving catalytic hydrometallation process via the first row transition metal catalysis.
Assessment of omega‐3 carboxylic acids in statin‐treated patients with high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol: Rationale and design of the STRENGTH trial
Authors: Nicholls Stephen J. , Lincoff A. Michael , Bash Dianna , Ballantyne Christie M. , Barter Philip J. , Davidson Michael H. , Kastelein John J. P. , Koenig Wolfgang , McGuire Darren K. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Pedersen Terje R. , Ridker Paul M. , Ray Kausik , Karlson Björn W. , Lundström Torbjörn , Wolski Kathy , Nissen Steven E.
Published: August 2018

It is uncertain whether omega‐3 fatty acids are beneficial in statin‐treated patients. Epanova is a mix of omega‐3 free fatty acids, not requiring co‐ingestion with food, which can lower triglycerides by up to 31%. STRENGTH will examine whether Epanova 4 g daily reduces the rate of cardiovascular events in statin‐treated patients with hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL‐C at high risk for developing cardiovascular events. STRENGTH is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Patients had a triglyceride level ≥ 180 to <500 mg/dL and HDL‐C < 42 mg/dL (men) or < 47 mg/dL (women) in the presence of either (1) established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, (2) diabetes with one additional risk factor, or (3) were other high‐risk primary prevention patients, based on age and risk factor assessment. Patients should be treated with a statin, for >4 weeks, and have LDL‐C < 100 mg/dL, but were also eligible if LDL‐C was ≥100 mg/dL while on maximum tolerated statin therapy. The study will extend from October 30, 2014 to October 30, 2019. 13 086 patients were randomized to Epanova 4 g or placebo daily in addition to standard medical therapy. The primary efficacy outcome is time to first event of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization or hospitalization for unstable angina. The trial will continue until 1600 patients reach the primary endpoint, with a median duration of therapy of 3 years. STRENGTH will determine whether Epanova 4 g daily will reduce cardiovascular events in statin‐treated high‐risk patients with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL‐C levels.
Polydimethylsiloxane Sponge‐Supported Nanometer Gold: Highly Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling in Water
Authors: Liang Weiwei , Zhang Teng , Liu Yufei , Huang Yuxing , Liu Zhipeng , Liu Yizhen , Yang Bo , Zhou Xuechang , Zhang Junmin
Published: August 2018

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, a stable hydrophobic polymer material) sponge‐supported nanometer‐sized gold can be used as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst for cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines with various nucleophiles in water. This PDMS sponge nanometer gold catalyst can provide much better activity than the free nanometer gold in water. The reaction can be scaled up by using an easy‐to‐build continuous flow reactor. These results indicate the potential application of porous hydrophobic PDMS sponge material as a promising support for highly efficient recyclable catalysts in water.
Synergistic Effect in Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution by RGO‐Supported Nickel Molybdenum Catalysts
Authors: Sharma Lalita , Halder Aditi
Published: August 2018

Synergistic effect in electrocatalysis is an important phenomenon for controlling the adsorptive‐absorptive interaction on the catalytic surfaces and hence to determining the rate determining step of the electrochemical reaction. In this article, we develop a unique one step solution phase method for the synthesis of the Ni nanoparticles, MoOx nanorods and Ni_MoOx nanospikes respectively on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Our study shows that Ni_MoOx nanospikes supported on RGO exhibit better photoelectrochemical activities with photocurrent of 160 μA cm−2 as well as visible light driven HER with Tafel slope of only 95 mV dec−1 where unsupported Ni_MoOx has very high tafel slope of 295 mV dec−1. The cumulative effect of both MoOx and RGO improves the electrochemical performance of the catalyst Ni_MoOx/RGO drastically. Our study shows that RGO controls not only the growth of nanospikes morphology, but also enhances the photoelectrochemical performance by promoting efficient charge transfer between the active Ni_MoOx nanospikes and the conducting graphene network.
Integrating design thinking with sustainability science: a Research through Design approach
Authors: Maher Ray , Maher Melanie , Mann Samuel , McAlpine Clive A.
Published: August 2018

Design disciplines have a long history of creating well-integrated solutions to challenges which are complex, uncertain and contested by multiple stakeholders. Society faces similar challenges in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, so design methods hold much potential. While principles of good design are well established, there has been limited integration of design thinking with sustainability science. To advance this integration, we examine the process of designing MetaMAP: an interactive graphic tool for collaborating to understand social–ecological systems and design well-integrated solutions. MetaMAP was created using Research through Design methods which integrate creative and scientific thinking. By applying design thinking, researchers and practitioners from different backgrounds undertook multiple cycles of problem framing, solution development, testing and reflection. The testing was highly collaborative involving over 150 people from diverse disciplines in workshops, case studies, interviews and critique. Reflecting on this process, we discuss design principles and opportunities for integrating design thinking with sustainability science to help achieve Sustainable Development Goals.
DHA and 19,20-EDP induce lysosomal-proteolytic-dependent cytotoxicity through de novo ceramide production in H9c2 cells with a glycolytic profile
Authors: Endo Tomoko , Samokhvalov Victor , Darwesh Ahmed M. , Khey Kevin M. W. , El-Sherbeni Ahmed A. , El-Kadi Ayman O. S. , Machida Takuji , Hirafuji Masahiko , Seubert John M.
Published: August 2018

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their CYP-derived metabolites, epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs), are important fatty acids obtained from dietary sources. While it is known that they have significant biological effects, which can differ between cell type and disease state, our understanding of how they work remains limited. Previously, we demonstrated that DHA and 19,20-EDP triggered pronounced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells correlating with increased ceramide production. In this study, we examine whether DHA- and 19,20-EDP-induced cell death depends on the type of metabolism (glycolysis or OXPHOS). We cultivated H9c2 cells in distinct conditions that result in either glycolytic or oxidative metabolism. Our major findings suggest that DHA and its epoxy metabolite, 19,20-EDP, trigger cytotoxic effects toward H9c2 cells with a glycolytic metabolic profile. Cell death occurred through a mechanism involving activation of a lysosomal-proteolytic degradation pathway. Importantly, accumulation of ceramide played a critical role in the susceptibility of glycolytic H9c2 cells to cytotoxicity. Furthermore, our data suggest that an alteration in the cellular metabolic profile is a major factor determining the type and magnitude of cellular toxic response. Together, the novelty of this study demonstrates that DHA and 19,20-EDP induce cell death in H9c2 cells with a glycolytic metabolicwct 2 profile through a lysosomal-proteolytic mechanism.
Evolutionary, structural and expression analysis of core genes involved in starch synthesis
Authors: Qu Jianzhou , Xu Shutu , Zhang Zhengquan , Chen Guangzhou , Zhong Yuyue , Liu Linsan , Zhang Renhe , Xue Jiquan , Guo Dongwei
Published: August 2018

Starch is the main storage carbohydrate in plants and an important natural resource for food, feed and industrial raw materials. However, the details regarding the pathway for starch biosynthesis and the diversity of biosynthetic enzymes involved in this process are poorly understood. This study uses a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of 74 sequenced plant genomes to revisit the evolutionary history of the genes encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch de-branching enzyme (DBE). Additionally, the protein structures and expression patterns of these four core genes in starch biosynthesis were studied to determine their functional differences. The results showed that AGPase, SS, SBE and DBE have undergone complicated evolutionary processes in plants and that gene/genome duplications are responsible for the observed differences in isoform numbers. A structure analysis of these proteins suggested that the deletion/mutation of amino acids in some active sites resulted in not only structural variation but also sub-functionalization or neo-functionalization. Expression profiling indicated that AGPase-, SS-, SBE- and DBE-encoding genes exhibit spatio-temporally divergent expression patterns related to the composition of functional complexes in starch biosynthesis. This study provides a comprehensive atlas of the starch biosynthetic pathway, and these data should support future studies aimed at increasing understanding of starch biosynthesis and the functional evolutionary divergence of AGPase, SS, SBE, and DBE in plants.
Characterization of human peritoneal monocyte/macrophage subsets in homeostasis: Phenotype, GATA6, phagocytic/oxidative activities and cytokines expression
Authors: Ruiz-Alcaraz Antonio José , Carmona-Martínez Violeta , Tristán-Manzano María , Machado-Linde Francisco , Sánchez-Ferrer María Luisa , García-Peñarrubia Pilar , Martínez-Esparza María
Published: August 2018

Peritoneal macrophages play a critical role in the control of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Although recent progress on murine peritoneal macrophages has revealed multiple aspects on their origin and mechanisms involved in their maintenance in this compartment, little is known on the characteristics of human peritoneal macrophages in homeostasis. Here, we have studied by flow cytometry several features of human peritoneal macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity of healthy women. Three peritoneal monocyte/macrophage subsets were established on the basis of CD14/CD16 expression (CD14++CD16−, CD14++CD16+ and CD14highCD16high), and analysis of CD11b, CD11c, CD40, CD62L, CD64, CD80, CD86, CD116, CD119, CD206, HLA-DR and Slan was carried out in each subpopulation. Intracellular expression of GATA6 and cytokines (pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory IL-10) as well as their phagocytic/oxidative activities were also analyzed, in an attempt to identify genuine resident peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that human peritoneal macrophages are heterogeneous regarding their phenotype, cell complexity and functional abilities. A direct relationship of CD14/CD16 expression, intracellular content of GATA6, and activation/maturation markers like CD206 and HLA-DR, support that the CD14highCD16high subset represents the mature phenotype of steady-state human resident peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, increased expression of CD14/CD16 is also related to the phagocytic activity.
Author Correction: An integrated microfluidic system using a micro-fluxgate and micro spiral coil for magnetic microbeads trapping and detecting
Authors: Sun Xuecheng , Feng Zhu , Zhi Shaotao , Lei Chong , Zhang Di , Zhou Yong
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Magnetic induction dependence of Hall resistance in Fractional Quantum Hall Effect
Authors: Toyoda Tadashi
Published: August 2018

Quantum Hall effects (QHE) are observed in two-dimensional electron systems realised in semiconductors and graphene. In QHE the Hall resistance exhibits plateaus as a function of magnetic induction. In the fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE) the values of the Hall resistance on plateaus are h/e2 divided by rational fractions, where −e is the electron charge and h is the Planck constant. The magnetic induction dependence of the Hall resistance is the strongest experimental evidence for FQHE. Nevertheless a quantitative theory of the magnetic induction and temperature dependence of the Hall resistance is still missing. Here we constructed a model for the Hall resistance as a function of magnetic induction, chemical potential and temperature. We assume phenomenological perturbation terms in the single-electron energy spectrum. The perturbation terms successively split a Landau level into sublevels, whose reduced degeneracies cause the fractional quantization of Hall resistance. The model yields all 75 odd-denominator fractional plateaus that have been experimentally found. The calculated magnetic induction dependence of the Hall resistance is consistent with experiments. This theory shows that the Fermi liquid theory is valid for FQHE.
SLO potassium channels antagonize premature decision making in C. elegans
Authors: Aoki Ichiro , Tateyama Michihiro , Shimomura Takushi , Ihara Kunio , Kubo Yoshihiro , Nakano Shunji , Mori Ikue
Published: August 2018

Animals must modify their behavior with appropriate timing to respond to environmental changes. Yet, the molecular and neural mechanisms regulating the timing of behavioral transition remain largely unknown. By performing forward genetics to reveal mechanisms that underlie the plasticity of thermotaxis behavior in C. elegans, we demonstrated that SLO potassium channels and a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, CNG-3, determine the timing of transition of temperature preference after a shift in cultivation temperature. We further revealed that SLO and CNG-3 channels act in thermosensory neurons and decelerate alteration in the responsiveness of these neurons, which occurs prior to the preference transition after a temperature shift. Our results suggest that regulation of sensory adaptation is a major determinant of latency before animals make decisions to change their behavior.
Solvatomorphism and anion effects in predominantly low spin iron(iii) Schiff base complexes
Authors: Boonprab Theerapoom , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Phonsri Wasinee , Telfer Shane G. , Alkaş Adil , Ketkaew Rangsiman , Tantirungrotechai Yuthana , Jameson Guy N. L. , Harding David J.
Published: August 2018

The magnetic properties of a series of iron(iii) complexes [Fe(naphEen)2]halide·sol are reported.
Nitric oxide-release study of a bio-inspired copper(i)-nitrito complex under chemical and biological conditions
Authors: Chuang Wan-Jung , Narwane Manmath , Chen Hsing-Yin , Kao Chai-Lin , Huang Bin , Hsu Kuang-Mei , Wang Yun-Ming , Hsu Sodio C. N.
Published: August 2018

Aniline groups create a microenvironment around the copper(i)-nitrito core to induce nitrite reduction under physiological buffer conditions.
Hard X-ray properties of NuSTAR blazars
Authors: Bhatta Gopal , Mohorian Maksym , Bilinsky Illya
Published: August 2018

Context. Investigation of the hard X-ray emission properties of blazars is key to the understanding of the central engine of the sources and associated jet process. In particular, simultaneous spectral and timing analyses of the intraday hard X-ray observations provide us a means to peer into the compact innermost blazar regions that are not accessible to our current instruments.

Aims. The primary objective of the work is to associate the observed hard X-ray variability properties in blazars with their flux and spectral states, thereby, based on the correlation among these states, extract the details about the emission regions and processes occurring near the central engine.

Methods. We carried out timing, spectral, and cross-correlation analysis of 31 NuSTAR observations of 13 blazars. We investigated the spectral shapes of the sources using single power-law, broken power-law, and log-parabola models. We also studied the co-relation between the soft and hard emission using z-transformed discrete correlation function. In addition, we attempted to constrain the smallest emission regions using minimum variability timescales derived from the light curves.

Results. We found that, for most of the sources, the hard X-ray emission can be well represented by the log-parabola model and that the spectral slopes for different blazar subclasses are consistent with the so-called blazar sequence. We also report the steepest spectra (Γ ∼ 3) in the BL Lacertae PKS 2155–304 and the hardest spectra (Γ ∼ 1.4) in the flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 2149–306. In addition, we noted a close connection between the flux and spectral slope within the source subclass in the sense that high flux and/or flux states tend to be harder in spectra. In BL Lacertae objects, assuming particle acceleration by diffusive shocks and synchrotron cooling as the dominant processes governing the observed flux variability, we constrain the magnetic field of the emission region to be a few Gauss; whereas in flat-spectrum radio quasars, using external Compton models, we estimate the energy of the lower end of the injected electrons to be a few Lorentz factors.
Revitalizing identity for coastal public space in Nha Trang City
Authors: Thi Viet Ha Tran , Thi Bich Ngoc Le
Published: August 2018

The paper studies the formation and development of coastal public space in Nha Trang city and how its current form has not enhanced the local identity. This was a phenomenon commonly seen in many coast cities in Vietnam. This paper aims to provide a referent design guideline for future design of coastal public space in Nha Trang city. As a part of this effort to return identity to the city, we focused on physical and non-physical elements and their relationship in this specific case, treating them as the framework for this research. Drawing on ethnographic interview and geographic data, we looked closely to the shapes of place’s identity, including all related elements.
Investigation of the frequencies of free oscillations of the above-ground main pipelines depending on the type of fastening
Authors: Sokolov Vladimir , Razov Igor , Koinov Evgeniy , Korkishko Alexander
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we solve the problem of free bending vibrations of a thin-walled gas pipeline of large diameter laid above the ground on supports. The gas pipeline is considered as a cylindrical shell subject to the action of a stationary internal working pressure, the parameter of the longitudinal compressive force. The frequencies of free oscillations and the influence of parameters on the gas pipeline are compared with different versions of the supports.
Field theory in normal toroidal coordinates
Authors: Nesnov Dmitry V.
Published: August 2018

Field theory is widely represented in spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems, since the mathematical apparatus of these coordinate systems has been thoroughly studied. Sources of field with more complex structures require new approaches to their study. The purpose of this research is to adapt the field theory referred to curvilinear coordinates and represent it in normal toroidal coordinates. Another purpose is to develop the foundations of geometric modeling with the use of computer graphics for visualizing the level surfaces. The dependence of normal toroidal coordinates on rectangular Cartesian coordinates and Lame coefficients is shown in this scientific paper. Differential characteristics of scalar and vector fields in normal toroidal coordinates are obtained: scalar and vector field laplacians, divergence, and rotation of vector field. The example shows the technique of modeling the field and its further computer visualization. The technique of reading the internal equation of the surface is presented and the influence of the values of the parameters on the shape of the surface is shown. For the first time, expressions of scalar and vector field characteristics in normal toroidal coordinates are obtained, the fundamentals of geometric modeling of fields with the use of computer graphics tools are developed for the purpose of providing visibility for their study.
Ecological architecture as a forgotten opportunity in Vietnam
Authors: Le Thanh Son
Published: August 2018

Ecological Architecture is a modern topic. In Viet Nam, this topic attracted a great attention, and eventually, it is considered as a new trend, both theoretical and practical. This article presents different perspectives, but not the common public opinions on the issue, in particular, as follows: comparison of the relationship between the traditional Vietnamese architecture and the modern ecological architecture to acknowledge the similarity rather than the difference; the lessons learned from a particular stage of development in Vietnam before 1975 as an empirical result for modern ecological and environmental theories; discussion of the missed opportunity for the integration and contribution of modern Vietnamese architecture in terms of both theoretical and ecological development of Vietnamese architecture in the context of globalization.
Innovative technologies in brick masonry restoration of architectural monuments
Authors: Chernyshev Sergey , Rubtsov Igor , Elmanova Elena
Published: August 2018

The facade walls of ancient Russian landmark buildings built of brick or natural stone, are generally flat, have a complex relief created in order to obtain an effect of light and shade in side lighting. In the restoration, reconstruction, as well as new construction in retro style, this relief should be reproduced. The report describes the “flat” relief of the 19th century’s landmark building – the church in the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow. The surface was scanned with Trimble S6 electronic tacheometer with subsequent processing by 3D Reshaper Survey Bundle program and mathematical description of digital data using the theory of random functions. It was established that the wall surface can be modeled by a nonstationary random function with two harmonics. To realize a model in the masonry of the restored or reconstructed wall, the basic technology was proposed, which embraced techniques of researching, designing and reproducing the surface of an uneven facade wall.
Programme planning methods for enterprise activities in the territorially concentrated construction complex
Authors: Panteleeva Margarita , Borozdina Svetlana
Published: August 2018

This article is dedicated to the problem of the lack of a systematic approach in the creation of financial and business plans at construction enterprises. The current policy in the field of long-term management does not imply the existence of a strictly regulated procedure. As a rule, this process each time has a new structure and a new toolkit. And given the current trend towards clustering in the construction sector, such a situation could adversely affect the further development of the entire industry. The article suggests a description of the multi-level management system of a construction enterprise. This system is based on comprehensive programs that allow, through a centralized management function, to streamline the process of solving the basic tasks facing the construction company in the framework of the entire construction industry. The program method proposed by the authors is an addition to the already used planning methods and allows to overcome the difficulties that arise in connection with the territorial concentration of the construction complex.
Environmental economic model of risk management and costs in the framework of the quality management system
Authors: Borkovskaya Victoria , Degaev Evgeniy , Burkova Irina
Published: August 2018

The article considers the environmental economic model of risk management and the costs associated with them. In the field of eco-friendly construction and labor safety, it is customary to allocate occupational hazards and hazards, expressed by quantitative or qualitative parameters of occupational risk. Risk management or environmental risk means the recognition and analysis of risks, the development and implementation of management decisions to reduce the likelihood of adverse situations, as well as the possible reduction of material or other losses. Risk management helps to get out of the zone of uncertainty into a situation with more or less predictable results. The methodology for applying the environmental economic model under consideration is a cyclic order of performing interrelated practical actions known as the Deming-Shewhart cycle, which is inextricably linked to the process approach and the quality management system. Synthesis of the principles of the quality management system and mechanisms for managing environmental risks and costs ensures high adaptability to any external and internal stress situations, reveals professional risks in a timely manner, optimizes processes and, as a result, reduces costs.
Ecological-and-economical aspects of assessment of management of the city-forming organizations in the construction industry
Authors: Kunanbayeva Kymbat , Gorovoy Alexander , Butyrin Andrey
Published: August 2018

The matters of the mechanism of management of development of the city-forming organizations of the construction industry, forms of interference of development of the city-forming organizations and mono-profile municipal unit are defined in the article. The main methodical approaches to the assessment of effectiveness of realization of the mechanism of management of development of the city-forming organizations of construction industry are proved. Assessment of effectiveness of realization of the mechanism of management of development of the city-forming organizations to the sphere of production of construction materials are considered according to the ecological-and-economic aspects of sustainable development, including economic efficiency, social efficiency, environmental efficiency.
Recommended system of personalized corporate e-learning based on ontologies
Authors: Nikitina Lyudmila , Shikov Pavel , Shikov Yuriy , Bakanova Anna , Shikov Aleksey
Published: August 2018

Corporate e-learning is becoming general, the use of electronic learning systems is constantly expanding. Corporate training is characterized by the availability of a corporate knowledge base, which is constantly expanding. In order to achieve stable development of company, transparency and access to knowledge and information is necessary. This ensures a thorough understanding of the executed work by all employees of the company. Therefore, a key objective in this context is a generalization, accumulation and transmission of corporate knowledge to any employee of the company under the corporate training. In addition, it is crucial to find the suitable content in the learning process in order to save time and quickly get involved in the workflow. Thus, new systems are needed that can effectively recommend the necessary educational material for users on the basis of their preferences.
The Struggling Trainee: Principles of Effective Remediation
Authors: Galetta Steven , Kurzweil Arielle
Published: August 2018

Struggling trainees exist in all residency programs across all fields. Remediation, the act of improving deficiencies in struggling trainees, is necessary to promote the graduation of competent physicians. Deficiencies may be primarily cognitive or behavioral, and occasionally physical limitations do arise during residency. Remediation is challenging for all parties involved, and there is a paucity of literature to help guide the most effective process. In this review, we outline key principles of effective remediation of a struggling trainee in the modern era of medical education. A systematic approach that begins early, is consistent, and remains sensitive to a trainee's need for self-reflection in a nonjudgmental culture is essential for successfully remediating a trainee.