bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating multiple sclerosis genetic susceptibility on the founder population of east-central Sardinia via association and linkage analysis of immune-related loci
Authors: Fazia Teresa , Pastorino Roberta , Foco Luisa , Han Lide , Abney Mark , Beecham Ashley , Hadjixenofontos Athena , Guo Hui , Gentilini Davide , Papachristou Charalampos , Bitti Pier Paolo , Ticca Anna , Berzuini Carlo , McCauley Jacob L , Bernardinelli Luisa
Published: September 2017

Background:

A wealth of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility have been identified; however, they explain only a fraction of MS heritability.

Objectives:

We contributed to discovery of new MS susceptibility SNPs by studying a founder population with high MS prevalence.

Methods:

We analyzed ImmunoChip data from 15 multiplex families and 94 unrelated controls from the Nuoro Province, Sardinia, Italy. We tested each SNP for both association and linkage with MS, the linkage being explored in terms of identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing excess and using gene dropping to compute a corresponding empirical p-value. By targeting regions that are both associated and in linkage with MS, we increase chances of identifying interesting genomic regions.

Results:

We identified 486 MS-associated ( p < 1 × 10–4) and 18,426 MS-linked ( p < 0.05) SNPs. A total of 111 loci were both linked and associated with MS, 18 of them pointing to 14 non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes, and 93 of them located in the MHC region.

Conclusion:

We discovered new suggestive signals and confirmed some previously identified ones. We believe this to represent a significant step toward an understanding of the genetic basis of MS.
Autism spectrum disorder screening with the CBCL/1½–5: Findings for young children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Rescorla Leslie A , Winder-Patel Breanna M , Paterson Sarah J , Pandey Juhi , Wolff Jason J , Schultz Robert T , Piven Joseph
Published: September 2017

The screening power of the CBCL/1½–5’s Withdrawn and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems (DSM-PDP) scales to identify children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 24 months was tested in a longitudinal, familial high-risk study. Participants were 56 children at high risk for autism spectrum disorder due to an affected older sibling (high-risk group) and 26 low-risk children with a typically developing older sibling (low-risk group). At 24 months, 13 of the 56 high-risk children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, whereas the other 43 were not. The high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder group had significantly higher scores on the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems and Withdrawn scales than children in the low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder groups [Formula: see text]. Receiver operating characteristic analyses yielded very high area under the curve values (0.91 and 0.89), and a cut point of T ⩾ 60 yielded sensitivity of 77% and specificity of 97% to 99% between the high-risk children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and the combination of low-risk and high-risk children not diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Consistent with several previous studies, the CBCL/1½–5’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Pervasive Developmental Problems scale and the Withdrawn syndrome differentiated well between children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and those not diagnosed.
In search of queer spaces in Tehran: Heterotopias, power geometries and bodily orientations in queer Iranian men’s lives
Authors: Kjaran Jón Ingvar , Martino Wayne
Published: September 2017

This article is based on an ethnographic study that provides insights into queer Iranian men’s lives in Iran, and specifically in Tehran. It was conceived in response to concerns about accounts provided by gay internationalist framings of the queer Iranian subject as reducible to a meta-narrative of homophobic persecution at the hands of an Islamic repressive state. By employing Foucauldian analytic frameworks that attend to questions of heterotopic spatiality in conjunction with Massey’s notion of power geometries and Ahmed’s queer phenomenological perspective, we illuminate the complexity of queer Iranian men’s spatio-temporal modes of sociality and practices of doing sex. We draw primarily on interviews with eight gay- identifying men as vital sources of data that speak to the terms of the livability of a queer life under repressive conditions of Islamic jurisprudential governance in Iran.
Fake accounts, real activism: Political faking and user-generated satire as activist intervention
Authors: Ferrari Elisabetta
Published: September 2017

In this article, I explore user-generated political satire in Italy by focusing on fake political accounts. By fake accounts, I refer to humorous social media accounts that satirize a politician or a political organization through impersonation. I investigate political faking and user-generated satire as an activist intervention. Through in-depth interviews, I explore the motivations and the relationship with Italian politics of a sample of fake account creators. The results show that most of the satirists interviewed here consider satire as a form of activism and even those who do not, still recognize the subversive nature of satire. Furthermore, a majority of the interviewees have complex biographies of activism that predate the creation of the fake accounts. For a smaller number of them, the fake accounts have also provided new possibilities to engage in activism away-from-keyboard (AFK).
Learning to Google: Understanding classed and gendered practices when young people use the Internet for research
Authors: Davies Huw C
Published: September 2017

This article builds on existing research by examining two groups of young people, one from an elite fee-paying school and the other from a vocational college, as they engage with information on the Web about, for example, conspiracies, climate change and immigration. The data include the results of group and individual interviews, digital search terms and web (http) traffic, videos of discussions and downloads of arguments on social media. This study’s contribution is to synthesise digital methods and sociological concepts of technology, information and youth with Bourdieu’s social theory. By capturing offline and online events and decisions as they are manifested online (and vice versa), this study challenges distinctions between ‘the virtual’ and ‘the real’. It reveals how young people’s class of conditions, including their relative position in the United Kingdom’s educational hierarchy are played out in the way they use digital technology to produce intersecting classed and gendered practices.
Headless Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Neck Fractures: A Mechanical Comparative Analysis
Authors: Jones Christopher M. , Padegimas Eric M. , Weikert Nicole , Greulich Samuel , Ilyas Asif M. , Siegler Sorin
Published: September 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of metacarpal neck fracture fixation by headless compression screw (HCS) with that of Kirschner wire (KW) cross-pinning and locking plate (LP) fixation. Methods: A metacarpal neck fracture was created in 30 fourth-generation composite Sawbones metacarpal models. A volar-based wedge was removed using a custom jig to simulate a typical apex dorsal fracture, unstable in flexion. The models were divided into 3 equal groups based on the method of fixation: retrograde cross-pinning with two 1.2-mm KWs, 2.0-mm dorsal T-plate with six 2.0-mm locking screws (LP), and a 3.0-mm retrograde HCS. Models were fixed at the proximal end, mounted in a material testing machine, and loaded through a cable tensioned over the metacarpal head, simulating grip loading. Cyclic loading from 0 to 40 N was performed, followed by loading to failure. Load, displacement, and failure mode were recorded. Results: Stiffness of the HCS (7.3 ± 0.7 N/m) was significantly greater than the KW (5.8 ± 0.5 N/m) but significantly less than the LP (9.5 ± 1.9 N/m). With cyclic loading to 40 N, the LP exhibited significantly less displacement (0.2 ± 1.3 mm) compared with the HCS (2.5 ± 2.3 mm) and KW (2.8 ± 1.0 mm). Load to failure for the HCS (215.5 ±3 9.0 N) was lower than that of the KW (279.7 ± 100.3 N) and of the LP (267.9 ± 44.1 N), but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The HCS provided mechanical fracture fixation properties comparable with KW fixation. The LP construct allowed significantly less displacement and had the highest strength of the 3 fixation methods.
On the Duty to Host in International Law: Jacques Derrida and Political Literature
Authors: Cohen Naor , Fuchs Ilan
Published: September 2017

Jacques Derrida’s politics of hospitality explores the tension and interdependency that exist between hosts and guests. This article uses Derrida’s idea of hospitality and attempts to understand how it applies to the 21st century refugee crisis in the context of human displacement, state of refugee and immigration. We turn to the help of fiction as a critical tool in scrutinizing current political discourses. Specifically, we offer an analysis of J.M Coetzee’s novel Disgrace in light of Derrida’s theme of hospitality. Coetzee – who was awarded the Nobel Prize – presents a vivid portrait of post-apartheid South Africa that offers a contradictory perspective to Nelson Mandela’s vision of democracy in South Africa. His novel suggests that the inherent violence of colonialism can neither be resolved nor dissolved merely by expressions of regret and forgiveness. By extension, we ask if liberal democracies and international humanitarian law can offer a policy of hospitality that is both morally anchored and practical.
Creativity and Mood Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Taylor Christa L.
Published: September 2017

Although the belief that creativity is related to psychopathology is prevalent, empirical evidence is limited. Research findings relating to mood disorder in particular are mixed, possibly as a result of differing research approaches (e.g., assessing the creativity of individuals with versus without mood disorder opposed to the prevalence of mood disorder in creative versus noncreative individuals). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate prior research examining the link between mood disorder and creativity from three distinct research approaches. Multilevel random effects models were used to calculate the overall effect size for studies that assessed (a) creativity in a clinical versus nonclinical sample ( k = 13), (b) mood disorder in a creative versus noncreative sample ( k = 10), and (c) the correlation between dimensional measures of creativity and mood disorder symptoms ( k = 15). Potential moderators were examined using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, as significant heterogeneity was detected among the effects in all three analyses. Results reveal a differential strength and pattern of effects across the three analyses, suggesting that the relationship between creativity and mood disorder differs according to the research approach. The theoretical implications of results and potential mechanisms responsible for the relationship between creativity and mood disorder are discussed.
Climate Fiction: A World-Systems Approach
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann JR
Published: September 2017

Since the death of Pierre Bourdieu, the leading contemporary sociologist of literature has arguably been Franco Moretti. Moretti’s distinctive contribution to the field has been his attempt to apply Immanuel Wallerstein’s world-systems theory to literary studies. Although Wallerstein traces the origins of the modern world-system back to the 16th century, Moretti focuses on the much shorter period since the late 18th century. This is also the historical occasion for the initial emergence of modern science fiction (SF). Andrew Milner has previously sketched out an ambitious model of the ‘global SF field’, which identified an original Anglo-French core, supplemented by more recent American and Japanese cores; longstanding Russian, German, Polish and Czech semi-peripheries; and a periphery comprising essentially the rest of the world. This article attempts to apply that model to the analysis of contemporary climate fiction.
Functional outcomes of distal radius fractures with and without ulnar styloid fractures: a meta-analysis
Authors: Mulders Marjolein A. M. , Fuhri Snethlage Lili J. , de Muinck Keizer Robert-Jan O. , Goslings J. Carel , Schep Niels W. L.
Published: September 2017

The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the functional outcomes of patients with a distal radius fracture with and without a concomitant fracture of the ulnar styloid process. A systematic literature search was performed to identify all studies comparing patients with a distal radius fracture with and without an ulnar styloid process fracture. The initial search revealed 511 articles, of which 12 articles with a total of 2243 patients were included; 1196 patients with and 1047 patients without an ulnar styloid process fracture. A statistically significant mean difference of 3.40 points (95% CI 1.33–5.48) in the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was found in favour of patients without an ulnar styloid process fracture. This difference is less than 10 and therefore not clinically important. No significant difference was found in Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores, range of motion, grip strength, visual analogue scale pain scores, ulnar-sided wrist pain and distal radio-ulnar joint instability between patients with and without an ulnar styloid process fracture after 1 year of follow-up. Moreover, no significant differences were found between ulnar styloid base and nonbase fractures.

Level of evidence: I
Interstitial Glucose and Lactate Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Body Mass Index: Need for In Vivo Calibration of Glucose Sensor Results With Blood Values in Obese Patients
Authors: Enderle Barbara , Moser Isabella , Kannan Cecil , Schwab Karl Otfried , Urban Gerald
Published: September 2017

Background:

Continuously measured glucose and lactate levels in interstitial fluid (ISF) may markedly differ from their respective blood levels.

Methods:

Combining microdialysis with a bioanalytical microsystem, the interstitial glucose and lactate concentrations of eight male volunteers with different body mass index (BMI) were monitored during a 2-fold glucose tolerance test over the period of three hours.

Results:

Significant correlations were found between abdominally measured sensor results and reference measurements ( R2 = .967 for glucose and R2 = .936 for lactate, P < .05). The physiological delay of the abdominally observed glucose appearance in the ISF correlated positively with the BMI ( R2 = .787, P < .05). The relative in vivo recovery of glucose and lactate was inversely proportional to the BMI of the volunteers ( R2 = .540 for glucose, R2 = .609 for lactate, P < .05). One subject with a BMI of > 34 kg/m2 showed abdominally as well as the antebrachially significantly reduced tissue glucose values compared to blood glucose values ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

A very good correlation between abdominally measured sensor results and the results of the reference method verified the reliability of the BioMEMS. The abdominally measured glucose level in ISF decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Therefore, an in vivo calibration of glucose levels in ISF with blood levels seems to be necessary especially in markedly obese subjects.
Reperceiving the Future
Authors: Hodgson Anthony
Published: September 2017

The future is an aspect of time and like clock time tends to be taken for granted unquestioned as an experience. There is a tendency for both futurists and management scientists inadvertently to adopt a first-order paradigm. In this article, I introduce a second-order approach in which the presence of the decision maker is acknowledged. In this approach, the phenomenology of time consciousness provides a basis for expanding time into a present moment with richer dimensionality, enlarging linear causality to a set of multiple influences on the present moment, some of which originate in aspects of what we call the future. We need to extend the scope of futures methods by considering the interaction between agency and uncertainty. High agency combined with high uncertainty is not yet well supplied with appropriate methods. In this region, the act of reperception is fundamental; algorithmic decision methods are out of their depth. In this different paradigm of time, anticipatory systems are crucial. Practice needs the capacity to navigate in a constantly shifting landscape that distinguishes three qualities of the future symbolized as three horizons. One is the future as seen from the dominant present situation. The second is a future desirable emergent states. The third is a future that holds the powerful and turbulent dilemmas between the other two and requires the navigation skill of the decision maker as an anticipatory system. At the core of this anticipatory system is a multidimensional future consciousness with the capacity to see into the future through different lenses of awareness in the present moment.
Nurses’ perceptions about and confidence in using an electronic medical record system
Authors: Abu Raddaha Ahmad H
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Nurses are among the largest potential users of electronic medical record (EMR) systems in health care settings. Yet little is known about their perceptions and confidence toward using such systems. This study explored nurses’ perceptions toward and confidence in using the EMR system. Predictors for confidence status in using the system among nurses were postulated.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey design was used. A sample of 169 nurses were recruited from a general governmental university hospital in Muscat, Oman.

Results:

Most of study participants did not have prior experience with EMR systems elsewhere. About half (52.1%) perceived that they were confident in using the system. A logistic regression model showed nurses who (a) had six or more years of experience in using the system, (b) perceived that their suggestions regarding improving the system were taken into consideration by the system managing team, (c) perceived that the changes introduced in the system were important to their work, and (d) perceived that the information retrieved through the system was updated, to be more likely confident in using the system.

Discussion:

When customizing the EMR system, the informatics team that manages the system is invited to more consider suggestions for improvement that are raised by nurses. More training on the system is suggested to increase confidence among nurses who had little experience in using the system. In order to enhance the preparation of future nurses with contemporary technology-driven health care practices, nursing schools officials are encouraged to include general computer information technology training into nursing curricula.
Diaphragmatic Hernia Associated With Absent Ductus Venosus and Anomalous Connection of an Obliterated Umbilical Vein to the Coronary Sinus
Authors: Chen Peter C. , Swanson Julia C. , Masand Prakash , Rodriguez Jose R. , Mery Carlos M.
Published: September 2017

Umbilical vein anomalies are a rare congenital defect, which have been associated with absent ductus venosus, with few cases also involving a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. We describe a case of postnatal development of an anterior diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni in a four-year-old patient diagnosed prenatally with mesocardia, absent ductus venosus with a large umbilical vein, a large secundum atrial septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus.
Temporary Tracheal Stenting After Pulmonary Artery Sling Repair in a Newborn
Authors: Lueck Sabrina , Mohr Michael , Werner Claudius , Schmidt Christoph , Malec Edward , Januszewska Katarzyna
Published: September 2017

Pulmonary artery sling (PAS) is a rare disease frequently associated with severe malacia and stenosis of the trachea. We present a two-day-old newborn that underwent urgent surgery for PAS and needed prolonged respiratory support afterward. Temporary airway stenting above the level of the tracheal bifurcation was performed five days after surgery to overcome severe airway obstruction caused by tracheomalacia and laceration of the tracheal mucosa after diagnostic bronchoscopy. Two days after the procedure, the child could be extubated and after two weeks the stent was removed without complications. Temporary tracheal stenting after PAS repair can be an effective therapeutic strategy in newborns with tracheal obstruction and allows timely weaning from ventilator support.
Assessment of the Impact of Colors on Child’s Anxiety and Treatment Preference for Local Anesthesia Injections
Authors: Hotwani Kavita , Sharma Krishna
Published: September 2017

Aim:

To assess the impact of colors on child’s anxiety and treatment preference for local anesthesia injections.

Material and Method:

The study group consisted of 100 randomly selected children aged 9 years. A specially prepared proforma was used to record personal information and history. Anxiety was assessed using faces version of the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale and children were categorized as anxious and non-anxious in the playroom. In the dental operatory, dental injectors (conventional plastic injector and six different colored plastic injectors) were displayed on a tray and were introduced to the children. The children were asked to consider which injectors they would prefer “if their tooth had to be put to sleep,” and their preferences were noted starting with their first choice. Sheets with stylized cartoon drawing of faces (modified Venham Picture Test) with six different emotions (happy, scared, crying, sad, angry, and running away) opposite line drawings of colored dental injectors were distributed. All the children were asked to match the cartoon faces with the injectors as per their preference. The data was collected and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 19.0.

Results:

A response analysis was performed in Microsoft excel, and frequencies were noted for color preferences in males and females. Significant differences between genders as well as different colors association was found.

Conclusion:

Reducing child’s anxiety through remodeling of physical appearance and color of dental instruments could be a potential modality of behavior management that needs further research.
Should all acromioclavicular joint injections be performed under image guidance?
Authors: Javed S , Sadozai Z , Javed A , Din A , Schmitgen G
Published: September 2017

Introduction:

Steroid and local anaesthetic injection to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) is a very common diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, which is often performed in the outpatient department. However, it can be difficult to localize this joint because of its small size, presence of osteophytes and variable morphology in the population. We performed a study to determine whether the use of an image intensifier (X-ray guidance), in theatre, improves the accuracy of this injection.

Methods:

This was a prospective study carried out between March 2014 and March 2015. The injections were performed by two senior orthopaedic surgeons. First, we clinically palpated the ACJ and marked the area over this point as A. Then, with the use of a needle and an image intensifier in a single plane, we identified the actual location of the ACJ and marked this point as B. We measured the distance between A and B in millimetres (mm) and determined the accuracy of the injections. Further analysis taking into account the ACJ capsular attachments was also performed.

Results:

In total, 45 patients and 50 injections were included in the study; five patients had repeated injections at different times. We found that only 12 injections (24%) were palpated to be correct with no discrepancies between A and B (95% confidence interval: 14–37%). For the remaining 38 injections (76%), the use of an image intensifier had significantly improved the accuracy of ACJ location ( p < 0.05). Taking the capsular attachments of the ACJ into consideration reduced the number of inaccurate injections to 27 (54%).

Conclusion:

We recommend the use of an image intensifier (or ultrasound guidance) to accurately determine the location of the ACJ for steroid and local anaesthetic injections. This prevents an injection into the wrong place, which can lead to wrong diagnosis and/or suboptimal treatment.
Enhancing Adaptivity and Resilience Through Team Member Change
Authors: Thompson Kevin S. , Noble David
Published: September 2017

The interest in aligning college graduates’ skills, competencies, and experiences with what employers desire continues across academia. Employers seek higher levels of resilience than they see in most new employees. This article provides a review of the employee resilience literature and describes a team member change scenario focused on enhancing student resilience for use by faculty in course design. Business school students participating in a 10-week, team-based business simulation experience a team member change midway through the simulation. Student response and descriptions of learning outcomes from the member change experience are discussed.
What Is Value and How Is It Managed?
Authors: Hallberg Niklas L.
Published: September 2017

The meaning of the notion of value, as well as associated concepts such as value creation and value appropriation, has been subject to much confusion in marketing and management. This article builds on a rich tradition in economics to untangle some of the ambiguities surrounding these concepts. First, it is argued that a rigorous approach to analyzing value must be based on a subjectivist notion of value related to the perceived needs and preferences of consumers. Second, it is suggested that the value-price-cost (VPC) framework in economics may constitute an effective, yet simple, model for understanding how value is created and appropriated by different actors. Third, it is argued that multilevel issues related to buyer-supplier relationships, stakeholder management and the formation of firms should be addressed using a symmetrical model that allows for freeform bargaining between the involved actors. The article closes with implications for specific debates in management.
Unemployment in chronic airflow obstruction around the world: results from the BOLD study
Authors: Grønseth Rune , Erdal Marta , Tan Wan C. , Obaseki Daniel O. , Amaral Andre F.S. , Gislason Thorarinn , Juvekar Sanjay K. , Koul Parvaiz A. , Studnicka Michael , Salvi Sundeep , Burney Peter , Buist A. Sonia , Vollmer William M. , Johannessen Ane
Published: September 2017

We aimed to examine associations between chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and unemployment across the world.

Cross-sectional data from 26 sites in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study were used to analyse effects of CAO on unemployment. Odds ratios for unemployment in subjects aged 40–65 years were estimated using a multilevel mixed-effects generalised linear model with study site as random effect. Site-by-site heterogeneity was assessed using individual participant data meta-analyses.

Out of 18 710 participants, 11.3% had CAO. The ratio of unemployed subjects with CAO divided by subjects without CAO showed large site discrepancies, although these were no longer significant after adjusting for age, sex, smoking and education. The site-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for unemployment was 1.79 (1.41–2.27) for CAO cases, decreasing to 1.43 (1.14–1.79) after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and forced vital capacity. Of other covariates that were associated with unemployment, age and education were important risk factors in high-income sites (4.02 (3.53–4.57) and 3.86 (2.80–5.30), respectively), while female sex was important in low- to middle-income sites (3.23 (2.66–3.91)).

In the global BOLD study, CAO was associated with increased levels of unemployment, even after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities and lung function.
Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase as a therapeutic strategy for antitussive therapy
Authors: Wortley Michael A. , Adcock John J. , Dubuis Eric D. , Maher Sarah A. , Bonvini Sara J. , Delescluse Isabelle , Kinloch Ross , McMurray Gordon , Perros-Huguet Christelle , Papakosta Marianthi , Birrell Mark A. , Belvisi Maria G.
Published: September 2017

Cough is the most common reason to visit a primary care physician, yet it remains an unmet medical need. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that breaks down endocannabinoids, and inhibition of FAAH produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Cannabinoids inhibit vagal sensory nerve activation and the cough reflex, so it was hypothesised that FAAH inhibition would produce antitussive activityviaelevation of endocannabinoids.

Primary vagal ganglia neurons, tissue bioassay,in vivoelectrophysiology and a conscious guinea pig cough model were utilised to investigate a role for fatty acid amides in modulating sensory nerve activation in vagal afferents.

FAAH inhibition produced antitussive activity in guinea pigs with concomitant plasma elevation of the fatty acid amidesN-arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide), palmitoylethanolamide,N-oleoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide. Palmitoylethanolamide inhibited tussive stimulus-induced activation of guinea pig airway innervating vagal ganglia neurons, depolarisation of guinea pig and human vagus, and firing of C-fibre afferents. These effects were mediatedviaa cannabinoid CB2/Gi/o-coupled pathway and activation of protein phosphatase 2A, resulting in increased calcium sensitivity of calcium-activated potassium channels.

These findings identify FAAH inhibition as a target for the development of novel, antitussive agents without the undesirable side-effects of direct cannabinoid receptor agonists.
Impact of Preexisting Mental Illness on All-Cause and Breast Cancer–Specific Mortality in Elderly Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Iglay Kristy , Santorelli Melissa L. , Hirshfield Kim M. , Williams Jill M. , Rhoads George G. , Lin Yong , Demissie Kitaw
Published: September 2017

Purpose

Limited data are available on the survival of patients with breast cancer with preexisting mental illness, and elderly women are of special interest because they experience the highest incidence of breast cancer. Therefore, we compared all-cause and breast cancer–specific mortality for elderly patients with breast cancer with and without mental illness.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted by using SEER-Medicare data, including 19,028 women ≥ 68 years of age who were diagnosed with stage I to IIIa breast cancer in the United States from 2005 to 2007. Patients were classified as having severe mental illness if an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification code for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other psychotic disorder was recorded on at least one inpatient or two outpatient claims during the 3 years before breast cancer diagnosis. Patients were followed for up to 5 years after breast cancer diagnosis to assess survival outcomes, which were then compared with those of patients without mental illness.

Results

Nearly 3% of patients had preexisting severe mental illness. We observed a two-fold increase in the all-cause mortality hazard between patients with severe mental illness compared with those without mental illness after adjusting for age, income, race, ethnicity, geographic location, and marital status (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.84 to 2.60). A 20% increase in breast cancer–specific mortality hazard was observed, but the association was not significant (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.74). Patients with severe mental illness were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced breast cancer and aggressive tumor characteristics. They also had increased tobacco use and more comorbidities.

Conclusion

Patients with severe mental illness may need assistance with coordinating medical services.
Molecular Behaviors of Formaldehyde Encapsulated in Supercages of Zeolite NaY with Different Loadings and its Intrinsic Reactivity for the Carbonyl-ene Reaction with α-Methylstyrene
Authors: Sato Kei-ichi , Masui Yoichi , Onaka Makoto
Published: September 2017

The reactivity of formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorbed in the supercages of zeolite NaY toward α-methylstyrene for the carbonyl-ene reaction was very dependent on the loading amount of HCHO in the NaY pores. We first prepared a series of NaY samples with different amounts of HCHO, and applied them to the carbonyl-ene reaction with excess amounts of α-methylstyrene to evaluate their intrinsic reactivities. It was found that one formaldehyde molecule adsorbed in one supercage of NaY produced 3-phenylbut-3-en-1-ol in the highest yield (83%), while for higher loading amounts of HCHO on NaY, lower yields of the product were obtained because the supercages were narrowed by the HCHO molecules as well as the homoallylic alcohol product and its over-reaction products. We next investigated their states of HCHO adsorbed in the pores by 13C DD/CP MAS NMR analysis. When three HCHO molecules were adsorbed in a supercage, it was clarified that all the HCHO was exclusively encapsulated in a monomeric form, while most of the adsorbed HCHO with much higher loading amounts was transformed into 1,3,5-trioxane inside the supercages of NaY as well as paraformaldehyde outside the supercages.
Theoretical Basis for Estimation of Export Potential of Industrial Enterprise
Authors: Невская Наталья , Nevskaya Natalya
Published: September 2017

The main approaches to the assessment of the export potential of the enterprise are considered in the article. The importance of systematization of indicators to assess the export potential deals with the implementation of the new economic policy conducive to increased competitiveness of the national economy. The analysis of indicators reflecting the change in export capacity at the enterprise level will formulate the indicative indicators of development of economy and increase its competitiveness more accurately. The paper presents approaches to the assessment of the export potential of the enterprise taking into account objective and subjective factors of development of external and internal environment.
A guide to stoma care for Hindu patients
Authors: Hall Lisa
Published: September 2017

Lisa Hall, Community stoma nurse, Salts Healthcare, looks at the UK's major religions to help gastrointestinal and stoma care nurses factor patients' culture, beliefs and values into their care
Changes to preregistration nursing education standards
Authors: Harrison Penny
Published: September 2017

Penny Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Adult Nursing at De Montfort University, Leicester, looks at the changes proposed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council
Let him not be alone: perspectives of older British South Asian minority ethnic patients on dying in acute hospitals
Authors: Venkatasalu Munikumar Ramasamy
Published: September 2017

Aim:

To investigate older British South Asians' views on dying at acute hospitals.

Background:

Older people, including those from ethnic minorities prefer ‘home as a haven’ for their last days of life; however, they are more likely to die in hospital.

Methods:

Constructive grounded theory was used as a methodological approach that informed data collection to data analysis. Open meetings with 11 local South Asian community organisations enabled the researchers to recruit a total of 55 older South Asians in this study. Data were collected using gender-based focus groups (n=5) and in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n=29). Transcripts were analysed using Nvivo 9.

Results:

Three key themes were identified: ‘mistrust’, ‘let him not be alone’ and ‘family as a protective shield’. The theme ‘mistrust’ is explored through examination of beliefs, attitudes and expectations about ‘hospital’ as a place in the care of the dying. The theme of ‘let him not be alone’ draws the family's preferences and concerns in relation to leaving their older dying relative alone in the hospital. The final theme of ‘family as a protective shield’ describes the element of family care as a protective shield for their older one to have peaceful end-of-life care moments in the hospital.

Conclusions:

Allowing older relatives to die in hospital seems to evoke feelings of missed filial responsibilities and guilt among family carers among older ethnic minorities. The presence of cultural paranoia and mistrust often led minorities to experience sub-standard end-of-life care in acute hospitals.
Decision making for people living with dementia by their carers at the end of life: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Barker Sue , Lynch Mary , Hopkinson Jane
Published: September 2017

Background:

There are an increasing number of people living with dementia, as well as an expectation that care decisions are made collaboratively with those with the disease entering the end stage and their families. This has increased the burden on family carers.

Aim:

To explore the evidence on the decisional support needs of informal carers of people with end-stage dementia.

Design:

A rapid scoping review was undertaken of peer-reviewed publications between 2000 and 2016, which included all health-care settings and the person's own home. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, BNI, PSYCHINFO, Web of Science) and all papers meeting the inclusion criteria were read. A thematic analysis was undertaken of the selected papers using a pragmatic approach based on how the papers addressed the research question.

Results:

Sixty papers were individually appraised, with 40 being included in the review. Of these papers, 11 were literature reviews and 29 were primary studies. The themes identified were: the influential factors in carer decision making, the scope of carer decision making, the conflicts/problems in carer decision making, the resources carers need to make decisions and the impact of carer decision making.

Conclusion:

To date, the emphasis in dementia care has been on living well with dementia, but realistically there is a need to plan for a ‘good death’ that includes the person and their carers. There is a need to support people with dementia and their carers to make an advance care plan, while the person with dementia can take part in the decision-making process. This proactive intervention is likely to reduce carer decision burden at end of life and facilitate achievement of death in the person's preferred place, which is usually the home or care home.
Improving adherence to asthma treatment through patient education
Authors: Druve Hetal
Published: September 2017

Hetal Dhruve stresses the importance of good asthma control to avoid exacerbations and improve wellbeing
Dino adventures
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: September 2017

Tap into children's fascination for dinosaurs as a theme for story telling and exporing *acrostic poems. These are great for imaginative collaborations and providing children with creative insights and ideas.
Discovery of Remarkable New Ant Species of the Genus Pseudolasius Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) From Western Ghats of India
Authors: Akbar Shahid Ali , Bharti Himender , Wachkoo Aijaz Ahmad
Published: September 2017

Pseudolasius zamrood sp. n., is described based upon the worker and the sexual caste. The new species marks the first record of the genus from South India and represents only the seventh species of the genus to be reported from India. The species appears distinct with its extremely reduced eyes. The new species is closest to P. typhlos Wheeler, 1912 from Philippines. However the new species has truncated anterior clypeal margin at the middle lobe, scapes relatively short and propodeum has relatively narrow dorsum in lateral view
Thaumatomyrmex fraxini sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a New Ant Species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: D'Esquivel Michele , Jahyny Benoit , Oliveira Muriel , Lacau Lucimeire , Delabie Jacques , Lacau Sébastien
Published: September 2017

A new species of Ponerinae, Thaumatomyrmex fraxini D’Esquivel and Jahyny (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is described from several localities from Northeastern Brazil, after the morphology of the worker. This species is easily distinguished from any other ones in the genus by a unique combination of characters that justify its allocation to the species-group ferox, sensu Kempf (1975). The known distribution of this species reveals that its inhabits different ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest biome.
Book Review
Authors: Barbosa Helena
Published: September 2017

The Poster: Art, Advertising, Design, and Collecting, 1860s–1900s, Ruth E. Iskin (2014) Hanover, NH: Dartmouth College Press, 432 pp., ISBN 978-1-61168-616-6, paperback, $50.00, ISBN 978-1-61168-617-3, ebook
At the intersection of Deaf and Asian American performativity in Los Angeles: Deaf West Theatre’s and East West Players’ adaptations of Pippin
Authors: Lim Stephanie
Published: September 2017

Among the multitude of community-based theatre groups in Los Angeles, two wellknown theatres continually transgress traditional boundaries of race, culture, and identity: East West Players, which places the Asian American front and centre, and Deaf West Theatre, which features both deaf and hearing actors onstage together. Functioning together within the larger national theatre movement towards diversity, both theatres foregrounded counter-narratives to the prevailing national discourse in 2008 and 2009, staging stark versions of the same show – Pippin – and turning a Broadway production originally set in the Middle Ages into very modern, relevant re-appropriations. Although the choice of source material seems coincidental, a closer examination reveals that Asian American and Deaf communities share similar struggles and experiences, and Pippin echoes this same search for belonging; after all, not until the mid-twenty-first century did both communities begin to find their voice in society. This article explores how Deaf West’s and East West Players’ adaptations of Pippin reflect LA’s cultural diversity and the challenges that the Deaf and Asian American communities still face today. Furthermore, this article provides an understanding of how musical adaptations intentionally disrupt and subvert current notions of national privilege and identity in America.
Oh, what a beautiful Mormon: Rodgers and Hammerstein, intertextuality and The Book of Mormon
Authors: Rush Adam
Published: September 2017

The 2011 musical The Book of Mormon has been widely recognized for its inclusion of intertextual references. From nods to Star Wars and The Lion King to Bye, Bye Birdie and The Music Man, the production fashions a bricolage of references to a diverse collection of existing texts from across a range of media. One primary source of such referencing, and the focus of this article, is the canon of musicals of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II. Although the genealogy between The Book of Mormon and the often comforting musicals of Rodgers and Hammerstein is not an obvious one, this article analyzes the manner in which the production parallels both The Sound of Music (1959) and The King and I (1951), in terms of narrative in the former, and in terms of orientalist depictions in the latter. In doing so, it explores the production’s reliance on existing materials to put forward the claim that intertextuality is central to an audience’s interpretation and reception of this popular musical.
‘Tomorrow Belongs to Me’: The journey of a show tune from Broadway to Rechtsrock
Authors: Scheiblhofer Susanne
Published: September 2017

This study traces the reception history of the song ‘Tomorrow Belongs to Me’ from Cabaret (1966). The dramaturgical context of the song, Kander and Ebb’s pastiche style, Lotte Lenya’s involvement and Bob Fosse’s film adaptation have all contributed to the song’s re-contextualization and perception as an authentic Nazi hymn. Despite its origin as a show tune by two gay, Jewish Broadway veterans, artists from the Rechtsrock music scene have claimed the song. Drawing on Ingrid Monson’s concepts of ‘perceptual agency’ and ‘intermusicality’, this article reconciles different readings of the song lyrics. The complete liberation of the text from authorial intention in this case study raises important questions about reader agency, forms of censorship and the role of the artist.
Book Reviews
Authors: Banfield Stephen , Westover Jonas , Buchman Andrew
Published: September 2017

British Musical Theatre Since 1950, Robert Gordon, Olaf Jubin and Millie Taylor (2016) London: Bloomsbury, 274 pp., ISBN: 9781472584373, h/bk; ISBN: 9781472584366, p/bk, £21.99; ISBN: 9781472584397, ePDF; ISBN: 9781472584380, ePub

A Cole Porter Companion, Don M. Randel, Matthew Shaftel and Susan Forscher Weiss (eds) (2016) Urbana, Chicago and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 372 pp., ISBN: 9780252040092, h/bk, 9780252081583; p/bk, $34.95

Stephen Sondheim and the Reinvention of the American Musical, Robert L. McLaughlin (2016) Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 301 pp., ISBN: 9781496808554, h/bk, $65
Fixating on the Stasis of Fact: Debating “Having It All” in U.S. Media
Authors: Kornfield Sarah
Published: September 2017

Drawing on stasis theory, this essay explores how the debate frame functions within U.S. journalism. Using the news coverage of Marissa Mayer’s coinciding pregnancy and promotion to Yahoo! CEO and the reportage of Hillary Clinton’s upcoming grandchild during the 2016 precampaign as case studies, I develop a two-part argument. First, by analyzing the rhetorical mechanisms within this media debate, I demonstrate how the debate frame makes facts themselves infinitely debatable, thereby stagnating this public debate at the stasis of fact. This ultimately perpetuates the “having it all” debate—and its sexist assumptions. Second, I consider the escape routes out of this dominant discourse, analyzing how arguments maneuver beyond the stasis of fact to consider policy reforms regarding women in the workplace.
Breast internal dose measurements in a physical thoracic phantom
Authors: Silva Sabrina Donato da , Oliveira Márcio Alves de , Castro André Lima de Souza , Dias Humberto Galvão , Nogueira Luciana Batista , Campos Tarcisio Passos Ribeiro de
Published: September 2017

Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment intended to deposit the entire prescribed dose homogeneously into a target volume in order to eliminate the tumor and to spare the surrounding healthy tissues. This paper aimed to provide a dosimetric comparison between the treatment planning system (TPS) ECLIPSE from Varian Medical Systems and the internal dosimetric measurements in a breast phantom. The methodology consisted in performing a 3D conformal radiotherapy planning with two tangential opposite parallel fields applied to the synthetic breast in a thoracic phantom. The irradiation was reproduced in the Varian Linear accelerator, model SL – 20 Precise, 6 MV energy. EBT2 Radiochromic films, placed into the glandular equivalent tissue of the breast, were used to measure the spatial dose distribution. The absorbed dose was compared to those values predicted by the treatment planning system; besides, the dosimetric uncertainties were analyzed.  The modal absorbed dose was in agreement with the prescribed value of 180 cGy, although few high dose points between 180 and 220 cGy were detected. The findings suggested a non-uniform dose distribution in the glandular tissue of the synthetic breast, similar to those found in the TPS, associated with the irregular anatomic breast shape and presence of inhomogeneities next to the thoracic wall generated by the low lung density.