bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ability of Mangrove Fungi in Biodegradation of Hexadecane
Authors: Kuswytasari Nengah Dwianita , Elhaque Riva Ariny , Kurniawati Alfia R , Alami Nur Hidayatul , Zulaika Enny , Shovitri Maya , Tri Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman , Ni’matuzahroh
Published: August 2020

Oil pollution, especially in the marine environment, has become a serious environmental problem. Hexadecane (HXD) is a major alkane component and it is present in the aliphatic fragment of crude oil, which can be used by fungi as a sole carbon source. Biosurfactant which is produced by fungi facilitates HXD degradation. This study investigated the ability of mangrove fungi to be used as HXD and produce biosurfactant. The medium used to determine the ability of fungi to use hexadecane is MSM-HXD 2%, whereas Hua medium is used for determining the potential for producing biosurfactants. Biosurfactant production by fungi strains was indicated by oil displacement test, the reduction in surface tension and emulsion index. The results showed that 13 out of 16 species of fungi can use HXD as a sole carbon source. Inonotus radiatus LM 3020 is observed to be the most capable isolate to use HXD with a growth ratio of 6.0, and can produce biosurfactant with a positive oil displacement test (ODT) value whose minimum surface tension was 54.01 dyne/cm but the emulsion index was found to be zero.
Effect of Feed Supplement on Sperm Quality and Total Intestinal Bacteria of Fish Exposed by Cadmium
Authors: Hayati Alfiah , Nurbani Farah Annisa , Amira Meirizka , Seftiarini Windy , Wanguyun Aken Puti , Muchtaromah Bayyinatul
Published: August 2020

In the ecological environment, cadmium, a heavy metal produced from human activities and industry toxic material, has polluted the water and affects the reproductive health of aquatic biota. Many fish farmers use water from the river for freshwater fish cultivation. This study examined the effects of supplementation feed (probiotics and vitamin C) on sperm quality and total bacteria in fish intestine, Oreochromis niloticus, after Cadmium (Cd) exposure. We found that probiotics did not seem to colonise fish intestine or change the overall amount of the intestinal microbiota. However, probiotic supplementation actually changed the total amount of bacteria in the fish intestine. In particular, the administration of probiotics in fish exposed to Cd has increased more intestinal bacteria compared to the administration of vitamin C. The addition of vitamin C as a supplement did not affect the total amount of bacteria in the fish intestine. These results indicated that probiotics have a significant capacity to recover sperm motility in freshwater fish exposed to Cd pollution.
Characterization and Lipase Production of Micrococcus sp. L69 Isolated from Palm Oil-contaminated Soil
Authors: Sumarsih Sri , Fatimah  , Hadi Sofijan , Adhiningsih Ragil Tri , Prasetyo Fakhrudin Eka
Published: August 2020

This research aims to characterise and study the lipase production of Micrococcus sp. L69 isolated from palm oil-contaminated soil. Lipase production was carried out by cultivating the bacteria in the medium containing vegetable oils. The lipase activity was determined by spectrophotometric method toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. The results of this research showed that the bacteria isolate L69 was a unique lipolytic bacteria. Based on sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the bacteria had low similarity level (≤ 93%) to sequences data listed in GenBank. Olive oil and coconut oil are good carbon sources for bacterial growth and lipase production. The highest lipase activity achieved at temperature of 50°C and pH 7.0. The addition of 7 mM Ca2+ and Fe++ enhanced the lipase activity for 1.95- and 2.26-fold, respectively.
Representing wine concepts: A hybrid approach
Authors: Amoretti M. Cristina , Frixione Marcello
Published: August 2020

Wines with geographical indication can be classified and represented by such features as designations of origin, producers, vintage years, alcoholic strength, and grape varieties; these features allow us to define wines in terms of a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions. However, wines can also be identified by other characteristics, involving their look, smell, and taste; in this case, it is hard to define wines in terms of necessary and/or sufficient conditions, as wine concepts exhibit typicality effects. This is a setback for the design of computer science ontologies aiming to represent wine concepts, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a hybrid approach in which ontology-oriented formalisms are combined with a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. As in conceptual spaces, concepts are identified in terms of a number of quality dimensions. In order to determine those relevant for wine representation, we use the terminology developed by the Italian Association of Sommeliers to describe wines. This will allow us to understand typicality effects about wines, determine prototypes and better exemplars, and measure the degree of similarity between different wines.
Risk Factors Predicting Amyloid PET Positivity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Apolipoprotein E ɛ3/ɛ3 Genotypes
Authors: Ho Seong Hee , Yang Dong-Won
Published: August 2020

Background:

The apolipoprotein E ( APOE) ɛ4 allele is a well-known risk factor for AD and is associated with higher amyloid deposition and earlier dementia onset. However, the relationship between amyloid pathology and the most common APOE allele, ɛ3, has not been well studied.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to identify the risk factors predicting amyloid PET positivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes who underwent amyloid PET scanning. Demographics, neuropsychological tests, and brain MRI were obtained. We analyzed which risk factors could affect amyloid PET positivity in MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes using logistic regression models.

Results:

We recruited 171 MCI patients with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes in this study. Out of 171 patients, 49 patients (28.65%) showed positive results in the amyloid PET scans. In a multivariate logistic regression model, amyloid positivity was associated with frontal atrophy (OR = 2.63, p = 0.009), and CDR-SOB scores (OR = 2.46, p = 0.013). The odds ratio for amyloid PET positivity in patients older than and equal to 75 years with both frontal atrophy and CDR-SOB scores >1.0 was 3.63.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrated that frontal atrophy, high CDR-SOB scores, and old age were risk factors associated with amyloid PET positivity in MCI with APOE ɛ3/ ɛ3 genotypes.
Estrogen Receptor α Agonist is Beneficial for Young Female Rats Against Chronic Unpredicted Mild Stress-Induced Depressive Behavior and Cognitive Deficits
Authors: Qu Na , Wang Xiao-Ming , Zhang Teng , Zhang Shu-Fang , Li Yi , Cao Fu-Yuan , Wang Qun , Ning Lin-Na , Tian Qing
Published: August 2020

Background:

Women are reported more likely to develop depression and dementia. However, the involved mechanism is poorly understood.

Objective:

Here, we clarified the role of estrogen receptor α (ER α) in depression and cognitive deficit in young female rats.

Methods:

After being exposed to 7-weeks’ chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS), the depression resilient rats (Res rats) and depressed rats (Dep rats) were selected according to their records in sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test. Their cognition abilities were tested by Morris water maze. Proteomic assay, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunohistochemical, and Nissl staining were also used to understand the involved mechanism.

Results:

Compared with control rats and Res rats, Dep rats showed cognitive deficits and hippocampal impairments revealed by proteomic data, neuron losses, increased cleaved caspase-3, β-catenin phosphorylation, and glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) activation. As ER α, but not ERβ, was found declined in hippocampi of Dep rats, 4,4k,4a-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (PPT, an ER α agonist, 1 mg/kg/day), was used to treat Dep rats (Dep + PPT). Twenty days later, the depressive behaviors, cognition deficits, and hippocampal neuron loss were rescued in Dep + PPT rats. Furthermore, Res and Dep + PPT rats had higher levels of β-catenin combined with ER α and lower levels of β-catenin combined with GSK3β than Dep rats in hippocampi.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrated hippocampal ER α is an important pro-resilient factor in CUMS-induced depressive behaviors and cognitive deficits. It was also given that the neuroprotection afforded by hippocampal ER α/Wnt interactions have significant implications for cognition and emotion in young females.
Mitochondrial Fusion Promoter Alleviates Brain Damage in Rats with Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Surinkaew Poomarin , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Sawaddiruk Passakorn , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Kerdphoo Sasiwan , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C.
Published: August 2020

Background:

Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces brain damage through increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, microglial hyperactivity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, amyloid-β deposition, loss of dendritic spines, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, and imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics. Previous studies demonstrated that mitochondrial fusion promoter reduced cardiac damage from cardiac I/R injury; however, following cardiac I/R injury, the roles of mitochondrial dynamics on the brain have not been investigated.

Objective:

To investigate the effects of pharmacological modulation using mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1) in the brain of rats following cardiac I/R injury.

Methods:

Twenty-four male Wistar rats were separated into two groups; 1) sham-operation ( n = 8) and 2) cardiac I/R injury ( n = 16). Rats in the cardiac I/R injury group were randomly received either normal saline solution as a vehicle or a mitochondrial fusion promoter (M1, 2 mg/kg) intravenously. Both treatments were given to the rats 15 minutes before cardiac I/R injury. At the end of the reperfusion protocol, the brain was rapidly removed to investigate brain mitochondrial function, mitochondrial dynamics proteins, microglial activity, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) related proteins.

Results:

Cardiac I/R injury induced brain mitochondrial dynamics imbalance as indicated by reduced mitochondrial fusion proteins expression without alteration in mitochondrial fission, brain mitochondrial dysfunction, BBB breakdown, increased macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and AD-related proteins. Pretreatment with M1 effectively increased the expression of mitofusin 2, a mitochondrial outer membrane fusion protein, reduced brain mitochondrial dysfunction, BBB breakdown, macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and AD-related proteins in rats following cardiac I/R injury.

Conclusion:

This mitochondrial fusion promoter significantly protected rats with cardiac I/R injury against brain damage.
Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Authors: Valls-Carbó Adrián , Gajate Vicente , Romeral María , Gutiérrez-Viedma Álvaro , Parejo-Carbonell Beatriz , Cabrera-Martín María Nieves , Matías-Guiu Jorge , Matías-Guiu Jordi A. , García-Morales Irene
Published: August 2020

Epilepsy in frontotemporal dementia is considered to be less frequent than in Alzheimer’s disease. We report two cases of patients with non-convulsive status epilepticus associated with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. In the first case, status epilepticus was the first symptom of the disease, and consisted of loss of consciousness and mutism. In the second case, status epilepticus led to a clinical worsening one year after the diagnosis. Our study highlights the importance of suspecting non-convulsive status epilepticus in patients with frontotemporal dementia, and including frontotemporal dementia within the differential diagnosis of new-onset seizures.
The Trajectory of Caregiver Burden and Risk Factors in Dementia Progression: A Systematic Review
Authors: van den Kieboom Robin , Snaphaan Liselore , Mark Ruth , Bongers Inge
Published: August 2020

Background:

Caring for patients with dementia at home is often a long-term process, in which the independence of the patient declines, and more responsibility and supervision time is required from the informal caregiver.

Objective:

In order to minimize and reduce caregiver burden, it is important to explore its trajectory and the accompanying risk factors as dementia progresses; the objective of this systematic review.

Methods:

PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review. Three databases, PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMbase, were systematically searched in November 2019 using specific keywords.

Results:

1,506 hits emerged during the systematic search but only eleven articles actually met the inclusion criteria for this review. The trajectory of caregiver burden is highly variable and depends on multiple factors. Important risk factors included: patients’ behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms, and their decline in functioning in (I)ADL; the caregiver’s age, gender, and physical and mental health; and, within the dyads (patient/caregiver), cohabitation and kinship.

Conclusion:

There is no one-size-fits-all for predicting how caregiver burden will change over time, but specific factors (like being a spouse and increased behavioral impairment and decline in functional status in the patient) may heighten the risk. Other factors, not yet comprehensively included in the published studies, might also prove to be important risk factors. Future research in the field of reducing caregiver burden is recommended to integrate the patient, caregiver, and context characteristics in the trajectory of caregiver burden, and to assess more clearly the phase of the dementia progression and use of external resources.
Optimization for a proportional electro-magnet with high accuracy utilizing finite element method
Authors: Yuan Xian-ju , Ling Hong-tao , Qiu Tian-yu , Zhou Ji-wei , Zhao Ri-cheng
Published: August 2020

Obtaining the constant force at a given current benefits its applications in diverse fields. However, not depending on displacements, such a force characteristic is not available easily since this force is determined by a specific structure, materials, geometrical parameters and others. Therefore, utilizing the finite element method (FEM), the electro-magnet force of a proportional electro-magnet located at a semi-active damper is calculated considering different parameters, further obtaining better choices of crucial parameters for achieving the constant force and independence of displacements. Finally reflected through the maximum fluctuation of 0.82 N and the maximum error of 0.9 N compared to experimental results, a proportional electro-magnet with force characteristics of relatively high accuracy has been achieved.
Personalized hydratation status in endurance and ultra-endurance: A review
Authors: Paternoster Nicolò , Baggio Enrico , Pelosi Ettore
Published: August 2020

This review aims to investigate the physiological mechanisms that underlie the hydro-electrolyte balance of the human body and the most appropriate hydration modalities for individuals involved in physical and sports activities, with a focus on ultra-endurance events. The role of effective hydration in achieving optimal sports performance is also investigated. An adequate pre-hydration is essential to perform physical and sporting activity in a condition of eu-hydration and to mantain physiologic levels of plasma electrolyte. To achieve these goals, athletes need to consume adequate drinks together with consuming meals and fluids, in order to provide an adequate absorption of the ingested fluids and the expulsion of those in excess through diuresis. Therefore, there are important differences between individuals in terms of sweating rates, the amount of electrolytes loss and the specific request of the discipline practiced and the sporting event to pursue.
Synthesis of various 2-benzylbenzoxazole derivatives catalyzed by deep eutectic solvent-supported onto magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Nguyen The Thai , Tran Phuong Hoang
Published: August 2020

Magnetic nanoparticle supported deep eutectic solvents have been synthesized by preparing and grafting [Urea]4[ZnCl2] deep eutectic solvent onto the surface of silica-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles using 3‐ chloropropyltrimethoxysilane as a linker. DES@MNP was fully characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Fourier transforms infrared, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies, vibrating sample magnetometer X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. In this study, we have developed the synthesis of 2-benzylbenzoxazole via condensation reaction of 2-nitrophenols and acetophenones using a magnetic nanoparticle supported [Urea]4[ZnCl2] deep eutectic solvent as a novel, green and efficient catalyst. In the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane, elemental sulfur acted as an excellent reductant in promoting oxidative rearranging coupling in this reaction. The reaction has been conducted via the stirring method and the reaction conditions were surveyed (16 h, 130 °C, acetophenone, 2-nitrophenol, DABCO and sulfur molar ratio of 2:1:1:3, 10 mol% DES@MNP catalyst). Six 2-benzylbenzoxazole derivatives have been synthesized via this method with good yield (86-91%). The structure of the pure product has been confirmed through FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC-MS methods. More importantly, DES@MNP has been separated from the reaction mixture by a magnet and reused over five consecutive runs without significant loss of catalytic activity.
A step forward towards advanced and self-sustainable greenhouse agriculture
Authors: Nur E Alam Mohammad , Vasiliev Mikhail , Thomas Jacqualine
Published: August 2020

It is now time for the future-generation and advanced greenhouse design practices to address a range of issues, from the energy and land use efficiency to providing plant-optimised growth techniques. In this Encyclopaedia record, we report on the practical development of spectrally selective and specialist-type  advanced metal-dielectric thin-film filters that produce the optimized illumination spectrum when exposed to natural sunlight that can help maximize the biomass productivity of coated-glass greenhouse crops. Our experimental case study has been performed for the lettuce species, Lactuca sativa, L., yielding promising results.
Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation
Authors: Karim Md Rajibul , Rahman Md Mizanur , Ahenkorah Isaac , Iqbal Asif
Published: August 2020

Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a process that uses naturally occurring bacteria to bind soil particles together through calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation. It is a promising new technology in the area of Civil Engineering with the potential to become a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable solution to many problems such as ground improvement, liquefaction remediation, enhancing properties of concrete, and so forth. 
新时期高职院校学生教育管理工作探索与实践
Authors: 王 迎春
Published: August 2020

在教育改革的背景下，高职院校学管人员将新时期管理理念落实在实际教育管理工作中，这对促进高职学生的发展有着十分重要的意义。所以学管人员想要培养出全面发展的学生，就应该在日常班级的管理中重视渗透新时期管理理念。这不但有助于学生更好的发挥自己在课堂的主体作用，对促进学生全面发展也有着十分重要的意义。而这也有助于学管人员培育出更加优秀的人才，但是在实际的高职院校学生管理工作中，学管人员使用新时期管理理念的情况并不明显。基于此，本文将对新时期高职院校学生教育管理工作探索与实践进行深入的探讨，以供从事相关工作的人员借鉴参考。
架起“意会”与“言传”的桥梁——论语文阅读教学的科学性
Authors: 张 忠荣
Published: August 2020

在语文学科的教学过程中，阅读教学发挥着重要的作用。语文知识的学习不仅重视“意会”，还要求“言传”，在两者之间，阅读发挥出来最佳的桥梁作用。本文从语文学科教学过程中，阅读教学开展的重要性中进行有效的分析，提出其科学开展的有效途径。
小学语文教学应注重学生阅读能力的培养
Authors: 宗 轶群
Published: August 2020

语文是一门语言学科，与其他各学科的学习都有着密切的关联，这也就奠定了小学语文基础中崇高的地位。小学语文教学在小学学科中的地位不可动摇，对学生今后的学习和发展起着重要的意义，他不仅仅决定着学生对于文字的认知，写作水平的提高，而是表现在阅读理解能力，语言表达能力等重要的方面。正因如此，小学语文成为家长和校方关注的重点，在实际教学中，阅读能力的提升对于语文的学习有着莫大的帮助，教师应该着重培养学生的阅读兴趣，提升学生的阅读能力，提高语文课堂教学质量。
小学数学教学与信息技术的融合创新
Authors: 邓 晶元
Published: August 2020

信息技术在教育教学中的应用有力地反映了教育改革，从而进一步推动了数学教学改革。现代信息技术与小学数学教育相结合，以图片、文字、声音、动画等形式赋予抽象难懂的数学概念，使抽象数学知识的可视化成为可能，大大提高了课堂教学的效率。使学生从感官认识到理性的理解数学法则，发现数学之美。然而也存在少许不足，本文以小学数学教学为主要研究对象，分析了目前教师教学方式不变和“填鸭式”教学的现状，提出创建生活化情景和动态化教学的建议，希望能将信息技术和小学数学教学更好的融合，为学生提供高质量的教学水平。
浅谈中学美术教学中学生创新精神的培养
Authors: 于 伟
Published: August 2020

随着美术教学事业的不断发展，培养学生养成良好的美术创新精神，对于学生更好地开展美术学习，发展个性特点，提升全面实践和操作的能力，都具有重要的意义。本文对中学美术教学中学生创新精神的培养进行分析，提出来具体开展的途径措施。
普通话在中职学前教育中的重要性分析
Authors: 金 元媛 , 潘 俊月
Published: August 2020

在中职教育中，学前教育的学生不仅需要对专业知识进行学习，还应该保障自己的普通话具有一定的水准，以便于在今后更好的开展工作。笔者在本文中首先研究了目前中职学前教育中普通话教学的重要意义，然后探讨了如何更好的在中职学前教育中进行普通话教育。
Diagnóstico y manejo de Himen Imperforado en una lactante menor
Authors: Sanhueza G. Pamela , Pastene S. Carolina , Saitua D. Francisco , Fuentealba T. Isabel , Romero F. Patricia , Muñoz O. Mónica
Published: August 2020

El himen imperforado es la malformación congénita más frecuente del tracto genital femenino. La mayoría de los casos no se pesquisan en la infancia, debido a un examen genital insuficiente. Su diagnóstico y resolución deben ser precoces y definitivas para evitar complicaciones posteriores.Objetivo: Presentar el caso de una lactante portadora de himen imperforado, y actualizar la informacion sobre las técnicas de examen genital para detectar esta patologia en forma precoz y su tratamiento.Caso Clínico: Lactante de 3 meses, consultó por aumento de volumen protruyente en la zona del introito. En el examen físico se realizó maniobra de valsalva que dio salida a una masa homogénea, nacarada de superficie lisa, entre los labios mayores, sugerente himen imperforado. Se complementó el estudio con ultrasonido ginecológico, el que demostró la presencia de hidrocolpos, descartando otras anomalías. Se realizó una himenotomía, que dió salida a abundante material seroso, sin mal olor, y luego se completó la himenectomía mediante la resección de la membrana himeneal. En control al 4to mes posterior a la intervención se constató un himen ampliamente permeable.Conclusión: Los equipos de atención neonatal, requieren capacitación acerca de la técnica correcta del examen genital externo de la recién nacida y lactante. La himenectomía es la técnica que permite resolver definitivamente el cuadro evitando complicaciones.
Malos hábitos de sueño en lactantes: factor de riesgo para síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante. Estudio piloto
Authors: Sanchez Trinidad , Peirano Dominga , Pipino Camila , Brockmann Pablo E.
Published: August 2020

La Academia Americana de Pediatría recomienda que los lactantes menores de un año duerman en posición supina para prevenir el síndrome de muerte súbita en lactantes (SMSL).Objetivo: Describir la posición en que duermen un grupo de lactantes y factores de riesgo asociados al SMSL.Sujetos y Método: Estudio piloto, prospectivo concurrente, de lactantes < 45 días de vida en control sano en Centro Médico San Joaquín UC Christus. Criterios de exclusión: prematurez (edad gestacional < 37 semanas) y patología de base (respiratorias, metabólicas, cardiológicas). Se aplicó encuesta al cuidador principal respecto a datos demográficos y hábitos de sueño, basada en encuesta BISQ (Brief Screening Questionnaire for Infant Sleep Problems) validada en español, dado la inexistencia de instrumentos para < 3 meses.Resultados: Se obtuvo muestra de 100 lactantes de edad 16,78 ± 12,88 días de vida, siendo 57% mujeres. La madre fue el principal informante (84%). El 79% de los lactantes dormían en decúbito supino, 19% lo hacía de lado y 2% en prono. El 66% dormía en cuna en habitación de los padres, 31% en la cama de los padres. El 74% se quedaban dormidos durante la alimentación.El 28% de los lactantes estaban expuestos a tabaquismo pasivo. El 91% cuidadores estaba informado sobre la posición segura de sueño, siendo el principal informante el pediatra (54%).Conclusiones: En esta muestra se encontró alto porcentaje de lactantes < 45 días que duermen en posición no segura, siendo frecuente el colecho. Es importante implementar campañas locales de prevención del SMSL que refuercen el hábito de dormir seguro.
Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con Atrofia Muscular Espinal
Authors: Vega Pilar , Glisser Carol , Castiglioni Caludia , Amézquita M. Virginia , Quirola Marifé , Barja Yañez Salesa
Published: August 2020

Introducción: La calidad de vida (CV) es un aspecto fundamental del tratamiento en pacientes con Atrofia Muscular Espinal (AME). Existe escasa información a nivel local e internacional.Objetivo: Caracterizar la CV en una muestra de niños y adolescentes chilenos con AME.Sujetos y Metodo: Estudio observacional, transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario y el módulo neuromuscular 3.0 de la encuesta PedsQLtm, a padres de niños con AME de 2-18 años. Ésta consta de 3 ámbitos: Enfermedad, Comunicación y Familia. Se consideró el puntaje >60 como CV buena, 30-60 regular y < 30, deficiente. Se utilizó el programa MINITAB-17®, considerando significativo p ≤ 0,05.Resultados: Se reclutaron 38 pacientes, con edad mediana 8 años (2-18), 52,7% hombres, y 17 (44,7%) AME I. Todos con confirmación genética. El puntaje total fue 51,92 ± 17, correspondiendo 31% a CV buena, 55% regular y 14% baja. En AME I fue 46,5 ± 15,2 y en AME II-III, 56,3 ± 17,4 (p = 0,071). Para el ámbito de Enfermedad fue 53,83 ± 18,1, de Familia 48,6 ± 23,14 y Comunicación 33,3 (RIC: 0,0-83,33). En este último, tuvieron mayor puntaje los pacientes con AME II o III, los mayores de 6 años, los con menor apoyo ventilatorio y los residentes en regiones. Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado solamente el tipo de AME fue significativo, explicando 40,9% de la variación del puntaje del área de comunicación.Conclusiones: En esta muestra de pacientes con AME, la calidad de vida fue regular a buena en la mayoría. El área más baja fue la de Comunicación, con mayor puntaje en aquellos con mayor capacidad motora funcional.
Cirugía bariátrica en adolescentes con obesidad severa: Recomendaciones de la Rama de Nutrición, Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría
Authors: Amezquita G. Maria Virginia , Baeza L. Cecilia , Ríos E. Matias , Francesetti M. Valeria , Rybertt V. Vivian , Gutiérrez R. Mariolly
Published: August 2020

En los últimos años, la obesidad severa en adolescentes ha aumentado a nivel mundial y Chile no es la excepción a este fenómeno. Es conocido que esta condición aumenta exponencialmente los riesgos para la salud y se asocia a mortalidad prematura. Desde el año 2008, diversas guías de tratamiento de obesidad pediátrica han incluido a la cirugía bariátrica como una estrategia de tratamiento para adolescentes obesos severos seleccionados. Estos procedimientos han mostrado ser seguros y eficaces en adultos. Un cuerpo emergente de evidencia demuestra que, en centros especializados, en el corto y mediano plazo se obtendrían resultados similares en adolescentes. Sin embargo, en este grupo de pacientes, la cirugía bariátrica tiene implícitos otros riesgos inherentes a la etapa de desarrollo en que se encuentran, y los resultados y complicaciones especialmente de largo plazo en gran medida son aún desconocidos. Por lo anterior y para el logro de los resultados esperados, es muy importante que la selección de pacientes, la cirugía y el seguimiento, sean realizados por equipos multidisciplinarios calificados, en centros hospitalarios que cuenten con la infraestructura adecuada, siendo imprescindible la adherencia de por vida al seguimiento médico y nutricional. El objetivo de este documento es presentar la postura de la Rama de Nutrición de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría (SOCHIPE) frente a las diversas aristas a considerar para la adecuada indicación de estos procedimientos en adolescentes obesos severos.
Compromiso neurológico en infección por COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos
Authors: Quiroz S. Vicente , Amarales O. Claudia
Published: August 2020

La enfermedad por coronavirus ha extendido su compromiso más allá del sistema respiratorio con reportes crecientes de compromiso en diferentes sistemas, uno de ellos, el Sistema Nervioso. El potencial neuroinvasivo de este agente patógeno se explicaría por su neurotropismo dada la presencia de receptores de ACE2 a nivel de encéfalo y médula espinal, además del importante compromiso inflamatorio sistémico. El compromiso neurológico debido a la infección se ha dividido en Sistema Nervioso Central, destacando síntomas inespecíficos y leves como mareos y cefalea, así como cuadros graves con encefalitis y patología cerebrovascular, y Sistema Nervioso Periférico en donde la mayor relevancia guarda relación con la anosmia, ageusia y miositis. A nivel pediátrico el compromiso parece ser menor que en adultos, pero existe un reporte creciente en la literatura respecto a estos hallazgos. Es de gran importancia de contar con un adecuado registro y anamnesis que permita identificar precozmente el compromiso neurológico.
Pengembangan Prototype Sistem E-Commerce pada Ajun Elektronik dengan Metode FAST
Authors: Sarwindah Sarwindah , Yanuarti Elly
Published: August 2020

While the development of information technology is very influential for the progress of a business, promoting a business that is owned, then one of them by using an ecommerce website. E-commerce is a trading activity carried out online through a website.

Problems in electronic adjunct stores Stores still use a conventional system where if a buyer wants to buy the desired item, the buyer must come directly to the store and this condition makes marketing and sales hampered by distance and time. In addition, the promotion at Arjun Electronics Store has not been fully implemented properly because it is only done by directly informing buyers who come to the shop. the purpose of this research is to produce a system that can provide ease of introducing products in the electronic adjuncts and sell all electronic products for household needs. With e-commerce site that is able to provide information about goods to customers quickly through internet network technology. Where asthe FAST method is a fairly flexible framework for various types of projects and strategies. System development with the FAST method is carried out sequentially which includes the stages of scope definition, problem analysis, needs analysis, logical design, decision analysis, physical design and integration, construction and testing, insralation and delivery, The results of this study in the form of website-based e-commerce optimization. With this website, stores can expand marketing, consumers become easier to get information about goods without having to come to the Electronic Adjunct Store and with the (e-commerce), the store can facilitate the conventional transaction process that has been conventional to be modern and can certainly make it easier to create sales reports that were previously still manual.
Kanser Tedavisi İçin Yatan Hastalarda Malnütrisyonun Antropometrik Ölçümler ve Kas Fonksiyonlarına Etkisi
Authors: Hopancı Bıçaklı Derya
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Kanserde malnütrisyon, tümörden ya da tedavilerden kaynaklanan etkiler nedeniyle sık görülür. Bu çalışmanın amacı onkoloji kliniğinde yatan hastaların nütrisyonel durumlarını saptamak ve malnütrisyonun antropometrik ölçümler, kas fonksiyonları ve hastanede yatış süreleri üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu prospektif, gözlemsel çalışma Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi, Onkoloji kliniğinde yatan, yaş ortalaması 51.7±16.3 yıl olan, 422 hasta (%49.1’i erkek, %50.9’u kadın) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastalara Nütrisyonel Risk Taraması (NRS-2002) yapılmış, skorun ≥3 olması malnütrisyonlu ya da malnütrisyon riski altında olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların beden kütle indeksi (BKİ), üst orta kol çevresi (ÜOKÇ), baldır çevresi (BÇ), el kavrama gücü ölçülmüş, günlük enerji ve protein alımları, aldıkları beslenme tedavileri ile hastanede yattıkları gün sayısı kaydedilmiştir.

Bulgular: Hastaların %68.5’inin NRS-2002 skoru ≥3, %17.1’inin BKİ’si ≤18.5 kg/m2 olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların %72.7’si tanı öncesinde ya da sonrasında vücut ağırlığı kaybetmiş, bunların %47.9’u >%10 vücut ağırlığı kaybetmiştir. El kavrama gücü erkeklerde <30 kg olanların oranı %57.7, kadınlarda <20 kg olanların oranı %67.4’tür. Hastaların %31.8’inin BÇ <31 cm, ÜOKÇ erkeklerde <26.4 cm olanların oranı %41.5, kadınlarda <23.2 cm olanların oranı %21’dir. Malnütrisyonlu olan ve olmayan hastaların oral enerji alımları (sırasıyla, 832.6±566.43 kkal/gün, 1525±691.25 kkal/gün), protein alımları (sırasıyla, 32.1±25.06 g/gün, 59.4±31.14 g/gün), BKİ (sırasıyla, 22.8±4.89 kg/m2, 26.6±4.53 kg/m2), BÇ (sırasıyla, 32.1±4.89 cm, 36.1±3.70 cm), el kavrama gücü (sırasıyla, 19.3±9.42 kg, 28.1±11.01 kg), ÜOKÇ (sırasıyla, 25.6±4.74 cm, 29.6±3.99 cm) ve hastanede kalış süresi (sırasıyla, 7.8±9.07 ve 5.1±6.46 gün) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.005). Malnütrisyondaki hastaların %45.9’u oral nütrisyonel destek ürünleri almış, %4.3’ü enteral ve %29.8’i parenteral yoldan beslenmiştir.

Sonuç: Onkoloji kliniğinde yatan hastalarda malnütrisyon yaygındır ve malnütrisyonlu hastaların antropometrik ölçümleri, oral alımları, kas fonksiyonları malnütrisyonu olmayanlardan daha düşük, yatış süreleri daha uzun bulunmuştur. Kanser hastaları tanıdan itibaren tedavinin her aşamasında nütrisyonel açıdan değerlendirilmeli ve izlenmelidir.
Stress Response in Swedish Ambulance Personnel during Priority-1 Alarms
Authors: Karlsson Kåre , Niemelä Patrik , Jonsson Anders , Törnhage Carl-Johan
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Ambulance personnel consider themselves as being healthy, but studies show they often suffer from stress-related illnesses. However, research on the causes of these stress-related illnesses is limited. This study aimed to examine the stress response of Swedish of ambulance personnel during priority-1 alarms.

Methods

During 90 priority-1 alarms salivary cortisol concentrations were measured at alarm and after end of alarm, and heart rates measured every 15 seconds. Thirteen men and six women participated in the study. A questionnaire with background data was collected. Non-parametric statistical tests were used.

Results

Elevated heart rate (median +34.7%) was associated with the actual priority-1 alarm, and during the alarm for women. Median salivary cortisol concentrations at alarm and after end of alarm (14.0 and 14.2 nmol/L respectively) showed non-significant differences. There were individual non-identical responses to the alarms. Alarms concerning traffic accidents, fast track and children generated the highest cortisol concentrations. The stress response showed non-significant differences in age, gender or level of education. Salivary cortisol concentrations and response were lower in the afternoon shift (2pm to 8pm).

Conclusion

The alarm causes increased heart rate at the group level but with individual different responses. Predefined fast track schedules and traffic accidents appear to generate measurable stress. Cortisol concentration follows normal diurnal variation of cortisol regarding time point for priority-1 alarms. Time of day does not affect the heart rate
Missing Intrauterine Device Copper-T: Case Series
Authors: Thapa Shekhar , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Pokharel Shreesiya , Paudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma
Published: August 2020

An intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) is a long acting, highly effective, economic and reversible method of contraception used worldwide. The most used devices are copper IUD (Copper-T) or Progesterone IUD. Common complications include failed insertion, pain, vasovagal reactions, infection, menstrual abnormalities, expulsion and rarely uterine embedment and perforation. In this case series we will discuss three cases of missing Copper-T. In one case Copper T was inserted at our hospital and in the other cases it was inserted in the periphery and all the cases was managed surgically with different modality.Keywords: Copper-T; Intrauterine device; laparoscopy; laparotomy; perforation.
Usefulness of Autofluorescence Video-Monitoring to Enhanced Localization of Parathyroid Glands
Authors: Kim Sung Won , Seo Yoon Soo , Lee Hyoung Shin , Kim Yikeun , Ahn Yeh-Chan , Lee Kang Dae
Published: August 2020

Background and Objectives Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence photo imaging provides real time parathyroid anatomy enhancement. Moreover, autofluorescence enables intraoperative virtual reality parathyroid exploration of the optical characteristics of the parathyroid gland. This study was performed to demonstrate the new technique of visualizing the parathyroid gland using video-guided autofluorescence during thyroid and parathyroid surgery and to evaluate the outcomes. This is the first study that introduces the video-monitoring technique for intraoperative parathyroid mapping.Subjects and Method A total of 26 patients underwent 18 total thyroidectomies and 8 hemithyroidectomies in 2016. Fifty-six parathyroid glands were enrolled in this study. Surgery was performed by NIR video-monitoring via thyroid lateral side dissection to find the parathyroid tissues and extract the thyroid glands. With the operation room light turned on, the parathyroid glands were identified by the video-guided autofluorescence detection technique carried out in 3 stages (P1, P2, and P3), which are imaging with surgeon’s eyes before parathyroids exposure (P1), after identification (P2), and in extracted specimen (P3).Results The parathryoid autofluorescence could be video-monitored in real time by our NIR camera system with the indoor room light turned on. Of the total 56 parathyroids, 52 were detected by fluorescence. Of these, the location of 43 glands were predicted by using the high signal in a before-exposure state and the glands were confirmed as containing parathyroid tissues [in P1, sensitivity=82.69%, positive predictive value (PPV)=100.00%]. Of the nine glands that did not show high signals in P1, seven glands visually showed fluorescence signals (in P1 and P2, sensitivity=96.15%, PPV=100.00%). One of the two glands that showed high signals in the extracted tissue was identified as parathyroid, but the other one was proved not by histologic examination by despite high intensity fluorescence signal (in P1-P3, sensitivity=100.00%, PPV=98.08%). The accuracy of video-guided parathyroid mapping in P1, P2, and P3 were 83.93%, 96.43%, and 96.43%, respectively.Conclusion This is the first study that demonstrates the parathyroid gland autofluorescence as a real-time video-monitoring technique and shows that it could be applied to real surgery. Although parathyroid autofluorescence is a phenomenon seen in the invisible wavelength, our data suggest that the operator can see the parathyroid fluorescent signal in real time on the video-monitor. This technique could help the operator to predict the gland location and preserve them safely.
Development of an SSR-based DNA fingerprinting method for black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild)
Authors: Bairu Michael , Coetzer Willem , Assefa Amelework
Published: August 2020

Background: The most commonly used method for extracting DNA from plant leaf tissue involves cetyl trimethylammonium bromide but some species, such as Acacia mearnsii, contain high levels of secondary metabolites and polysaccharides that interfere with this process. Various modifications have been proposed for effective removal of these biomolecules but these methods can be time consuming. Therefore, this study was initiated to optimise the cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide protocol for the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA and to develop a fingerprinting tool using cross species transferable simple sequence repeat markers for genetic diversity studies in A. mearnsii.

Methods: Five CTAB-based modification were examined and 49 cross-species microsatellite markers, developed for several Acacia species, were tested in four multiplex panels of A. mearnsii populations.

Results: The modified protocol yields high quantity and quality DNA from A. mearnsii leaves using high concentration of NaCl to remove polysaccharides and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to eliminate polyphenols during DNA purification. In addition, omitting the selective precipitation and NaCl gradient steps in the extraction protocol, enabled us to extract DNA 10–20 min faster than the normal protocol. Of the tested microsatellite loci, 11 were successful in amplifying sharp and high-intensity bands in all the four multiplex panels and were polymorphic. The level of polymorphism ranged from 0.115 to 0.794, with a mean 0.50 and mean number of alleles varied from 2 to 10, with overall mean of 6 alleles per locus. The mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.058 to 0.970 and 0.102 to 0.796, respectively. The 11 microsatellite loci that were effectively amplified from A. mearnsii DNA were adequate in detecting genetic variation among the tested populations.

Conclusions: These PCR-based, multi-allelic, co-dominant microsatellite markers provide a powerful tool for genetic, breeding and conservation studies in A. mearnsii.
Beneficial effect of anti-diabetic drugs for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kim Kyung-Soo , Lee Byung-Wan
Published: August 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder and is associated with various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are no approved drugs for NAFLD, and the only approved treatment option is weight reduction. As insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of NAFLD, many anti-diabetic drugs have been evaluated for the treatment of NAFLD. Improvement of liver enzymes has been demonstrated by many anti-diabetic drugs, but histological assessment still remains insufficient. Pioglitazone could become the first-line therapy for T2DM patients with NAFLD, based on evidence of histological improvement in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liraglutide, another promising alternative, is not yet recommended in patients with NAFLD/NASH due to limited evidence. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials should be performed in the near future to demonstrate if and how anti-diabetic drugs can play a role in the treatment of NAFLD.
Ecological engineering across organismal scales: trophic-mediated positive effects of microhabitat enhancement on fishes
Authors: Taira D , Heery EC , Loke LHL , Teo A , Bauman AG , Todd PA
Published: August 2020

Retrofitting microhabitat features is a common ecological engineering technique for enhancing biodiversity and abundance of small, epilithic organisms on artificial shorelines by providing refuge spaces and/or ameliorating abiotic conditions. These features are typically too small to be utilised as refugia by larger, highly motile consumers such as fish, but they may affect these organisms through other mechanisms. This study sought to determine whether microhabitat enhancement units alter the fish abundance, richness and assemblage composition on tropical seawalls and explores possible underlying trophic mechanisms. We created 12 experimental plots consisting of 6 enhanced plots, each with 20 microhabitat enhancement tiles, and 6 control plots without tiles on intertidal seawalls at Pulau Hantu, an offshore island south of mainland Singapore. Benthic cover and fish assemblage were surveyed within each plot using photoquadrats and underwater video cameras, respectively, from April 2018 to February 2019. We found greater abundance and species richness and distinct assemblages of fish in the enhanced plots compared to the control plots. These differences were driven largely by an increase in both abundance and richness of fish species with epibenthic-feeding strategies and were significantly associated with higher biotic cover in the enhanced plots, especially epilithic algal matrix (EAM). Our results indicate that, in addition to facilitating epilithic organisms, microhabitat enhancement can provide food resources for epibenthic-feeding fishes, increase fish biodiversity, and alter fish assemblages in tropical urbanised shorelines.
Inter-colony foraging dynamics and breeding success relate to prey availability in a pursuit-diving seabird
Authors: Gulka J , Jenkins E , Maynard LD , Montevecchi WA , Regular PM , Davoren GK
Published: August 2020

Spatial patterns of breeding seabirds are influenced by the distribution of resources in relation to the colony and the density of conspecifics from the same or adjacent colonies. We conducted an inter-colony comparison of foraging space use and behavior, diet, and reproductive success of common murresUria aalgebreeding at a large offshore and a small inshore colony on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland (Canada) during 2016-2018 under varying prey (capelinMallotus villosus) biomass. Murres from the large offshore colony foraged over a greater area, with greater individual foraging distances, indicative of higher commuting costs compared to the smaller inshore colony. Although this pattern might reflect prey depletion near the offshore colony due to higher conspecific densities, it likely also reflects the greater distance to predictable, high-abundance prey aggregations. This is supported by high spatial overlap of foraging areas from both colonies near coastal, annually persistent capelin spawning sites. Adult diet was similar between colonies during incubation, but diverged during chick-rearing, with offshore murres consuming a higher proportion of alternative prey, while inshore murres consumed more capelin. These differences did not affect fledging success, although hatching success was lower in the larger colony, suggesting that divergent factors (e.g. predation, nest attendance) influence colony-specific population dynamics. Overall, our findings suggest that abundant local prey is key in shaping spatial patterns of breeding common murres in northeastern Newfoundland and results in apparently minimal intraspecific competition. As anthropogenic pressures on resource availability heighten, insight into factors influencing intraspecific foraging niche dynamics will be critical to inform management.
Abundance, distribution, and feeding ecology of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the Northern California Current
Authors: Schram JB , Sorensen HL , Brodeur RD , Galloway AWE , Sutherland KR
Published: August 2020

During 2016-2018, unprecedented aggregations of the colonial pelagic tunicatePyrosoma atlanticumwere observed in the Northern California Current (NCC). Pyrosomes are common in tropical and sub-tropical ocean waters, but little is known about their abundance, distribution, and trophic ecology in mid-latitude systems. To assess these factors, pyrosomes were collected during cruises in the NCC in May and August 2017. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used to identify relationships betweenin situenvironmental variables (temperature, salinity, fluorescence) and distribution and abundance patterns of pyrosomes in May 2017. Fatty acid (FA) profiles were then characterized as diet indicators, and bulk stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen was used to examine spatial variations in potential food sources and trophic level. The GAM identified sea surface temperature and surface salinity as significant variables related to pyrosome densities. The most abundant FA in the pyrosomes was docosahexanoic acid (22:6ω3), which serves in pelagic systems as a biomarker for dinoflagellates. Common FA biomarkers for bacteria, carnivory, and dinoflagellates differed by latitude, suggesting that pyrosomes have different diets over a broad latitudinal range. The δ15N values ofP. atlanticumindicate that pyrosomes may be feeding at a relatively low trophic level compared to other zooplankton groups in this region. Offshore pyrosomes had lower δ13C values than those collected on the shelf, suggesting incorporation of nearshore carbon in pyrosome tissues. Previously documented rapid reproduction and growth of pyrosomes coupled with efficient feeding behavior for common NCC plankters may support their continued presence in this mid-latitude region.