bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient electronic coupling and heterogeneous charge transport of zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6perovskite emitters
Authors: Liu Rugeng , Mak Chun Hong , Han Xu , Tang Yunqi , Jia Guohua , Cheng Kuan-Chen , Qi Honglan , Zou Xingli , Zou Guizheng , Hsu Hsien-Yi
Published: September 2020

Zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6perovskite emitters exhibit efficient electrogenerated chemiluminescence by virtue of stronger electronic coupling and effective heterogeneous charge transfer.
Carbon dot mediated trihybrid formation by reduction of GO and in situ gold nanocluster fabrication: photo-switching behaviour and degradation of chemical warfare agent stimulants
Authors: Paul Subir , Hazra Niladri , Hazra Soumyajit , Banerjee Arindam
Published: September 2020

Carbon dot mediated reduction of GO and simultaneous fabrication of gold nanoclusters leading to a trinanohybrid system, photocurrent measurements and degradation of methylparaoxon.
Turn-on solid state luminescence by solvent-induced modification of intermolecular interactions
Authors: Majumdar Prabhat , Ghora Madhubrata , Wannemacher Reinhold , Gierschner Johannes , Varghese Shinto
Published: September 2020

Turn-on solid state luminescence through the co-operative interactions between benzimidazole-based chromophore and DMSO molecules. The co-assembly can be perturbed by the exposure of polar protic solvent vapours and conceivably be utilized as a vapour stimuli responsive material.
Recent advances of computational chemistry in organic solar cell research
Authors: Cui Yongjie , Zhu Peipei , Liao Xunfan , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2020

This review summarizes the recent advances of computational chemistry in OSC research to provide a deeper insight into the relationship between molecular structure and photoelectrical properties.
Two-dimensional monoelemental germanene nanosheets: facile preparation and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Li Chao , Kang Jianlong , Xie Jianlei , Wang Yingwei , Zhou Li , Hu Haiguo , Li Xinzhe , He Jun , Wang Bing , Zhang Han
Published: September 2020

Few-layer 2D germanium nanosheets (GeNS) are obtained via a facile liquid-phase exfoliated method and fabricated as electrode materials to assemble self-powered high performance photo-electrochemical (PEC) type photodetectors.
Dicyanovinyl-based fluorescent sensors for dual mechanism amine sensing
Authors: Zhang Guanran , Loch Alex S. , Kistemaker Jos C. M. , Burn Paul L. , Shaw Paul E.
Published: September 2020

We report two dual mechanism fluorescent sensors that enable selective sensing of alkyl primary amines with a low detection limit.
Initialisation of a hybrid AC/DC power system for harmonic stability analysis using a power flow formulation
Authors: Lekić Aleksandra , Ergun Hakan , Beerten Jef
Published: September 2020

This study presents the initialisation of a hybrid alternating current/direct current (AC/DC) power system to determine the operation point around which the system is linearised as a starting point for an electromagnetic or harmonic stability analysis. To this end, each AC or DC power system component is modelled in the Fourier transform domain and further adjusted to a simplified representation compatible with a power flow formulation. The study also presents how voltage source converter (VSC) high‐voltage DC‐based systems can be analysed when the different VSC controls are applied. The result of the power flow solution is then used for the power converters’ initialisation.
Iterative receiver for the triple differential PSK modulation in the time‐varying underwater acoustic communications
Authors: Cui Hongyu , Liu Changxin , Si Boyu , Wu Jie , Sun Dajun
Published: September 2020

Due to the time‐varyingproperty of the underwater acoustic (UWA) channel, the significant Doppler spread will severely degrade the performance of direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum (DSSS) communications. The relative velocity variation between the transmitter and the receiver will cause both the phase rotation and the magnitude loss of correlation peak, during the long transmission of the DSSS packet. To solve this problem, the authors propose a novel transceiver design for the UWA DSSS communications. At the transmitter, the triple differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulation is adopted to overcome the phase rotation, whereas the phase noise will be amplified resulting in the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) loss. At the receiver, the improved bit‐interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding algorithm for DPSK is used to recover the SNR loss, in which the DPSK demodulator is treated as the convolutional decoder, and the linear prediction is adopted to track the channel variation. Furthermore, an adaptive selection of local reference signal is also applied to recover the correlation loss. Theoretical simulation shows that the proposed transceiver can effectively mitigate the performance loss caused by the motion acceleration, and the performance gain is significant over the conventional.
Short Review on recent solar PV policies in Malaysia
Authors: Husain A AF , Phesal M H Ahmad , Kadir M Z Abdul , Amirulddin U A Ungku
Published: September 2020

Energy in developing countries essential for economic growth and development. In result of the rapid growth of development, society demands more electricity. In addition to that, unsustainable energy production can have a harmful effect on our environment. Solar energy is the most inexhaustible method of energy. With that has been stated, it is evident that PV technology is starting to be one of the primary roots of energy generator to supply power for development. The economic ambition is to create solar energy more cost effective and efficient, nevertheless, it is still not compatible with fossil fuel. Typically, in order for solar energy to replace the fossil fuel or at least support the development demands of energy, the implementation of solar energy system must increase in homes and plantation projects. This problem drove governments to come up with policies that encourage implementing solar system in homes of citizens. The most used policies are fed in tariff and net energy metering, which is applied in 80 nations round the globe. This paper studied the policies applied in solar energy in Malaysia in the past 8 years. The paper went over each policy and considered their financial and environmental welfare. It did show the effect of the policy applied at the time on the capacity installed in Malaysia.
Solar Panel Tracking System Using Optical Fiber
Authors: Szolga Lorant Andras , Farnas Zsolt
Published: September 2020

In this work we present a new method for the measurement of the light intensity for the solar panels with dual axis tracking system by using optical fiber to conduct the direct sunlight to the light dependent resistors (LDR). With this method we keep away the influence of the temperature on the photoresistors which measure the light intensity. The measurements with the proposed system was done at the same time and place with a classical system with the same configuration, but with the LDRs directly exposed to the sunlight. The results highlighted that, in cloudy conditions when the sunlight is not in direct path on the solar panels and suffers a high scattering, the optical fiber system is more efficient compared to the classical one with differences up to 18% in the generated power.
Development of a simulation model of HPPs chain operation
Authors: Khalyasmaa Alexandra , Eroshenko Stanislav , Mitrofanov Sergey , Rusina Anastasia , Arestova Anna , Sidorova Alena
Published: September 2020

The paper presents a simulation model of a hydroelectric power plants chain. The model allows solving the problem of hydro power plants (HPPs) operation mode planning in a unified power system, taking into account the optimization of water resources. The optimal filling and decrease of storage was performed in MATLAB Simulink software. The hydraulic properties of the river flow between the stations and the corresponding time lags in the functioning of the down-river station are taken into account. The model allows continuously monitoring changes in water pressure at hydropower plants and, as a result, uses the family of flow characteristics for various water pressures. The issues of optimizing the participation of hydroelectric power stations in the regimes of large hydrothermal power systems were also raised.
Research of vibroacoustic influence on flotation microplastic
Authors: Ivanov Mikhail , Soloveva Anastasiia
Published: September 2020

The paper studies the effect of the vibration on the flotation processes for microplastic particles (polymer particles <5 mm in diameter). In recent years, the world community is facing the problem of water pollution with microplastics, which is a fundamentally new type of the particles in marine environment that has specific hydrodynamic characteristics and impairs the efficiency of existing water treatment processes. In this paper, the authors compared the classical process of pneumatic flotation with the process of pneumatic flotation with vibroacoustic effect and the positive effect of vibration influence on the efficiency of the flotation of water microplastics is shown.
Review of the Effects of the Influence of External Vibrations on the Freezing Point of Water
Authors: Adorni Emmanuele , Ivanov Mikhail , Revetria Roberto
Published: September 2020

With this paper we want to provide a first glance at some of those researches that studied how to lower the freezing point of water below the ordinarily point by using external vibrations. All the researches started with experiments on distilled water (obtained with different methodology depending on the experiment) and then moving forward to experiments on tap water (contaminated with a known amount of substances). In all cases, methods to bring the samples to an undercooled state were applied at first. Through high frequency vibrations it has been studied how the formation of ice in a vessel of water can be controlled mainly thanks to the development of the phenomenon of cavitation in the water. By increasing the pressure in certain zones of the samples it was possible to study the phenomena linked to water freezing. Some experiments showed how, even with high frequencies, it is still difficult to obtain reliable results on the topic of keeping the water in a liquid state in conditions of low temperatures and with vibrations applied to the fluid.
An investigation on dynamic characteristics of herringbone planetary gear system with torsional flexibility between the left and right teeth of the sun gear
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Ge Hongwei , Deng Jijun , Wang Jibo , Chen Renxiang
Published: September 2020

Herringbone planetary gear system (HPGS) has high power density and complex structure. The torsional flexibility of the left and right teeth of the sun gear is closely related to the dynamic characteristics of the HPGS. In this research, considering the coordination conditions of both sides torsional stiffness and axial slide of the sun gear, a new dynamic model of the HPGS considering the meshing phase difference between left and right teeth of the sun gear is developed based on the lumped-parameter method, and the influence mechanism of torsional stiffness and axial sliding is studied. Moreover, the dynamic parameters and dynamic characteristics of the HPGS are analyzed in the case of varying torsoinal stiffness and axial slide. The results show that the torsional stiffness of left and right teeth and the axial slide of sun gear have significant impacts on the dynamic parameters and dynamic mesh force response. With the increase of the torsional flexibility (the decrease the torsional stiffness), the sun gear and planet gear meshing stiffness and the maximum tooth surface load are both increased on the left side (input side) and decreased on the right side, but the main peak values and peak frequencies of dynamic response on both sides of the s-p meshing pairs decrease significantly. In addition, when the sun gear slides toward the output side axially, meshing stiffness and dynamic mesh force response main peak values decreased on the left side (input side) and increased on the right side, but the main resonance peaks frequencies keep the same.
Robustness and reliability investigations on a nonlinear energy sink device concept
Authors: Braydi Oussama , Gogu Christian , Paredes Manuel
Published: September 2020

In this work, the reliability and robustness of a nonlinear energy sink device concept are investigated. The system is studied and optimized in deterministic and probabilistic cases. It is also studied under various types of uncertainty modelings with different reliability based robust design optimization formulations. The obtained results reveal the sensitivity of the device to the input uncertainties. The optimal designs obtained with the formulation under uncertainties are very different from the deterministic optimal design. New system configurations are obtained which ensure robust, highly reliable designs. In addition, a comparison is made between the different formulations and a conclusion is drawn about the suitable formulations for such a problem.
A basic model of mutations
Authors: Berger Maxime , Cerf Raphaël
Published: September 2020

We study a basic model for mutations. We derive exact formulae for the mean time needed to discover the master sequence, the mean returning time to the initial state, or to any Hamming class. These last two formulae are the same than the formulae obtained by Mark Kac for the Ehrenfest model.
Iris and Lens Trauma – Iris Reconstruction
Authors: Lenglinger Matthias , Bertelmann Eckart
Published: September 2020

Iris and lens injuries entail a large spectrum and occur in closed and open globe injuries. Depending on accompanying ocular trauma (e.g. corneal involvement) as well as on the extend of the injuries several different surgical options are available ranging from suturing techniques to special individualized implants. The aim of this article is to present and discuss current treatment options for lens and iris trauma in regards to typical cases.
Gastrointestinale Tumoren
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2020

Bei den gastrointestinalen Tumoren sind es insbesondere spezifische Subgruppen, die laut den beim virtuellen ASCO 2020 präsentierten Studienergebnissen von den Fortschritten im Bereich der medikamentösen Therapie möglicherweise profitieren können.
ASCO Virtual Meeting 2020
Authors: Arnheim Katharina
Published: September 2020

Auf der in diesem Jahr virtuell stattfindenden Tagung der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) wurden vielversprechende Daten zur zielgerichteten und immunonkologischen Therapie von Lungenkarzinomen vorgestellt.
Organocatalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Quinone Imine Ketals and Allenoates
Authors: Liu Teng , Huang Chao , Cheng Feixiang , He Chixian , Wang Fan , Shen Xiang , Li Yongqin , Lang Man , Li Guijun
Published: September 2020

A new cycloaddition reaction of quinone imine ketals (QIKs), which could be utilized to the construction of functionalized azaspirocyclics under mild conditions, is described. This transformation involved a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between QIKs and allenoates catalyzed by DABCO, and then treatment with 1 N HCl in one-pot. The strategy could provide a practical route to access azetidine-fused spirohexadienones in good to excellent yields and with high E-selectivity.
From Furan–Yne Systems to para-Benzoquinone Derivatives: Gold-Catalyzed Cyclization and Oxidation, and Further Reduction by Sodium Dithionate
Authors: Ghanbari Mohammad , Ahmadi Saman
Published: September 2020

A series of furan–yne systems were transformed into the corresponding para-benzoquinone derivatives by gold(ΙΙΙ) catalyst. The two-step procedure consisted of a phenol synthesis and subsequent oxidation with iodobenzene diacetate. The reactions can be carried out in a one-pot procedure with the same precatalyst. The para-benzoquinone could simply be converted into the corresponding hydroquinones by reduction with sodium dithionate. This protocol features high efficiency, mild conditions, and wide substrate scopes.
Middle Cranial Fossa Approach: The Incudomalleolar Joint as a Reliable Landmark
Authors: Hashmi Syed Salman , Izquierdo Juan Carlos , Emmett Susan D. , Linder Thomas Edwin
Published: September 2020

Introduction The middle cranial fossa approach is performed by fewer neurotologists owing to a reduced number of indications. Consistent landmarks are mandatory to guide the surgeon in a narrow field.

Objectives We have evaluated the incus and malleus head and the incudomalleal joint (IMJ) as a key landmark for identifying the superior semicircular canal (SSC) and to get oriented along the floor of the middle cranial fossa.

Methods A combination of 20 temporal bone dissections and CT imaging were utilized to test and describe these landmarks.

Results The blue line of the SSC is consistently identified along the prolongation of a virtual line through the IMJ and the angulation toward the root of zygoma. The mean distance from the zygoma toward the IMJ ranged from 1.60 to 1.90cm. Once the IMJ was identified, the blue line of the SSC was consistently found along the virtual line through the IMJ within 5 to 9mm.

Conclusions The IMJ is a safe and consistent anatomical marker in the surgical approach to the middle cranial fossa floor. Opening the tegmen 1.5 to 2cm medial to the root of the zygoma and identifying the joint allows to trace a virtual line toward the SSC within 5 to 9mm. Knowledge of the close relationship between the direction of the IMJ and the superior canal can be used in all transtemporal approaches, thus orienting the surgeon in a rather narrow field with limited retraction of the dura and brain.
Alternative Inverted Middle Fossa Approach in Bonebridge Surgery. Technique, Results and Complications
Authors: Zernotti Mario E. , Di Gregorio Maria F. , Zernotti Máximo
Published: September 2020

Introduction The transmastoid approach is the most recommended technique to Bonebridge surgery, while in patients with bad anatomy or in the canal wall down technique, retrosigmoid or Middle Fossa Approaches are the alternative surgical options.

Objective To describe a novel alternative approach called inverted middle fossa approach (IMFA) and its technique and audiological outcomes.

Methods Seven patients submitted to the IMFA were included. All patients presented conductive and mixed hearing loss with bone thresholds of the audiogram > 40 dB. The audiological test was conducted pre- and postoperatively.

Results A total of 5 males and 2 females, aged 13,8 years old (range 6–25 years old) were studied. The average follow-up was of 20 months (12 to 32 months). All patients presented aural atresia, except one with severe osseous-fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone. Two patients showed bilateral compromise, three patients had associated Goldenhar and Treacher Collins syndrome. On the preoperative audiograms, air conduction (AC) thresholds showed a PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) of 66.7 dB (standard deviation [SD] =  ± 7.8), while the bone conduction thresholds reached an average of 11.2 dB (SD =  ± 6.9). The postoperative thresholds did not change, and additional sensorineural damage was not observed before activation. Four weeks after surgery, all the patients were fitted with the external processor. The postoperative audiological aided exam showed AC PTA 4 thresholds of 18.9 dB (SD =  ± 5.9).

Conclusion The IMFA allows the nearest position of the microphone to the external auditory canal. The technique is a suitable option to the 3 classical approaches with similar rate of audiological results. More investigation is needed to determine the benefit of the novel approach compared with the others.
Sleep Duration during Pregnancy using an Activity Tracking Device
Authors: Kominiarek Michelle A. , Yeh Chen , Balmert Lauren C. , Facco Francesca , Grobman William , Simon Melissa
Published: September 2020

Objective The aim of this study was to describe sleep duration across gestation in women who wore an activity-tracking device (ATD) during pregnancy, and to study the association between sleep duration and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes

Study Design Women ≥ 18 years old who owned a smartphone were approached to participate in 2016 to 2017. Participants received instructions to wear and sync an ATD daily. Steps, sedentary hours, and sleep duration were wirelessly transmitted via cellular technology. We measured sleep duration for the main episode of sleep and excluded sleep times < 120 minutes. Mixed models were used to assess the trajectory of mean weekly hours of sleep by gestational age. Secondary analyses evaluated differences in pregnancy outcomes between insufficient (< 7/24 hours) and sufficient sleep (≥ 7/24 hours) groups, based on mean hours of sleep within the first 7 days of ATD use.

Results The majority of 94 participants self-reported minority racial–ethnic status (33% non-Hispanic black and 51% Hispanic), had government insurance (83%), were nulliparous (61%), and had pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (56%). The mean (standard deviation) duration of sleep was 7.2 ± 2.4 hours per 24 hours. In mixed models analyses, gestational age was statistically significantly associated with mean hours of sleep (β = −0.02; 95% confidence interval: −0.04 to −0.01; p < 0.001). Women who had < 7 hours of sleep had greater median daily steps compared with those who had ≥ 7 hours of sleep (median: 7,122; interquartile range [IQR]: 5,167–8,338 vs. median: 5,005; IQR: 4,115–7,059; p < 0.01), but there were no significant differences in other outcomes (sedentary time, gestational weight gain, pregnancy associated hypertension, gestational diabetes, gestational age at delivery, cesarean delivery, or mean birthweight), p  > 0.05 for all comparisons.

Conclusion The mean sleep duration was 7.2 ± 2.4 hours among the 94 women in this cohort and decreased with advancing gestational age. Further research is required to evaluate sleep measurements with ATD in pregnant women and how sleep duration and quality is related to maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Salivary IgA as a Useful Biomarker for Dental Caries in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hamid Hiba , Adanir Necdet , Asiri Faris Yahya Ibrahim , Abid Khadijah , Zafar Muhammad Sohail , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: September 2020

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to critically analyze and summarize studies reporting association of salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels as a biomarker for dental caries in Down syndrome (DS) patients. Using the keywords salivary [All Fields] AND IgA [All Fields] AND (“down syndrome” [MeSH Terms] OR (“down”[All Fields] AND “syndrome” [All Fields]) OR “down syndrome” [All Fields]), an electronic search was conducted via PubMed and Scopus databases by two authors, H. H. and Z. K. independently. Retrieved studies were screened against the predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. To estimate the risk of bias, quality assessment of included studies was carried using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale for observational studies. Primary search resulted in 10 articles from PubMed and 13 articles from Scopus. Ten studies fulfilled the defined selection criteria and evaluated the salivary IgA (sIgA) level in DS patients with dental caries. Five articles were further analyzed in a quantitative synthesis presented in the meta-analysis. Due to a modified lifestyle and compromised oral hygiene in DS patients, understandably, it is still postulated in the literature that the presence of sIgA can have a protective effect on the occurrence of dental caries as compared with healthy counterparts. As indicated by the present meta-analysis, no conclusions can be drawn as to definitively label sIgA as a biomarker for dental caries. Further, well-designed longitudinal clinical studies and translational research are therefore required before the benchmarking of sIgA as a useful biomarker for dental caries in DS patients with preferable molecular insights.
Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perceptions of Transition Readiness and Therapeutic Alliance during Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care in Epilepsy
Authors: Nurre Emily R. , Smith Aimee W. , Rodriguez Marie G. , Modi Avani C.
Published: September 2020

Transition from pediatric to adult health care is a time of high risk for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with epilepsy. Our aims are to examine patient, caregiver, and provider perceptions of transition readiness and the influence of patient-provider alliance in the context of transition readiness. Our cross-sectional study included 82 AYAs with epilepsy prior to transition. Patients, caregivers, and providers completed questionnaires (e.g., transition readiness and working alliance). Statistical analyses included independent samples and paired t-tests. Participants were 17.3 ± 2.8 years on average, 54% were females, 84% were White (non-Hispanic), and 38% had generalized epilepsy. Caregivers reported significantly higher transition readiness than their AYAs (t (72) = −10.6, p < 0.001). AYAs and providers reported similar alliance scores. Providers who felt patients were ready to transition had higher patient-reported transition readiness and provider-reported alliance scores. These data suggest that patients and providers are well aligned in the transition process, and providers appropriately perceive key areas necessary for transition. Caregivers and patients had discrepant perceptions of transition readiness, highlighting the importance of assessing both unique transition perspectives. Dedicated transition programs are likely to be beneficial in improving transition readiness and increase alignment across patients, caregivers, and providers.
Can digital ecosystems mitigate risks in sea transport operations? Estimating benefits for supply chain stakeholders
Authors: Urciuoli Luca , Hintsa Juha
Published: September 2020

Decision-making supported by digital ecosystems has been increasingly studied during recent years, especially due to improved technical capabilities to collect, store, and analyze large amounts of data. The literature recognizes that these systems can reduce response time of managers and enhance a cost-efficient recovery of supply chains. However, there is a lack of methodological frameworks to evaluate the benefits of these platforms. In addition, there is still little understanding of the risks in ocean container transport and their implications for supply chains. This paper proposes and applies a mathematical model for evaluating the impacts of digital platforms, with a focus on solutions to mitigate risks in sea transport operations. The model is based on scenarios and decision tree models to evaluate the impacts of a supply chain digital ecosystem on full containers shipped from Asia to Europe implemented by four companies. Results show monetary savings per scenario in the range from €3448 to €79,242. The most significant savings are expected on unplanned transshipments, cargo damage, export inspections, container detention, and container release.
Limiting absorption principle on L
p-spaces and scattering theory
Authors: Taira Kouichi
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we study the mapping property from Lp to Lq of the resolvent of the Fourier multipliers and scattering theory of generalized Schrödinger operators. Although the first half of the subject was studied by Cuenin [J. Funct. Anal. 272(7), 2987–3018 (2017)], we extend their result away from the duality line, and we also study the Hölder continuity of the resolvent.
Vibrational predissociation in the bending levels of the Ã state of C3Ar
Authors: Wang Yi-Jen , Hsu Yen-Chu
Published: September 2020

Vibrational predissociation (VP) has been observed in 16 bands of the C3Ar van der Waals complex near the 0 v2 0 – 000 (v2 = 2−, 4−, 2+) and 0 2− 2 − 100 bands of the Ã1Π–X̃1Σ+g system of C3. New higher resolution wavelength-resolved emission (WRE) spectra covering a wider spectral range have been recorded for many of these C3Ar bands, which show that most of the features observed in fluorescence must be reassigned as emission from the C3 fragment. Two types of VP processes have been recognized. The first type gives rise to vibrationally hot C3 fragments, mostly following |Δv| = 1, |ΔP| = 1 propensity rules, where P is the vibronic angular momentum of C3. The second type gives vibrationally cooled fragments. The VP processes can change abruptly from one type to the other with comparatively small differences in vibrational energy. Although the initial states are associated with both orbital components of the C3, Ã1Πu state, most of the VP fragments belong to the lower orbital component. A dipole-induced dipole model has been used to interpret the observed ΔP- propensities. Ab initio calculations of the binding energies of the ground and excited electronic states of C3Ar have been carried out; the calculated values are consistent with estimates of ≤144 cm−1 and 164 cm−1, respectively, given by the WRE spectra.
Electron transport and the effect of current annealing in a two-point contacted hBN/graphene/hBN heterostructure device
Authors: Schnitzspan Leo , Tries Alexander , Kläui Mathias
Published: September 2020

In this work, we fabricated a 2D van der Waals heterostructure device in an inert nitrogen atmosphere by means of a dry transfer technique in order to obtain a clean and largely impurity free stack of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)-encapsulated few-layer graphene. The heterostructure was contacted from the top with gold leads on two sides, and the device’s properties including intrinsic charge carrier density, mobility, and contact resistance were studied as a function of temperature from 4 K to 270 K. We show that the contact resistance of the device mainly originates from the metal/graphene interface, which contributes a significant part to the total resistance. We demonstrate that current annealing affects the graphene/metal interface significantly, whereas the intrinsic carrier density and carrier mobility of the hBN-encapsulated few-layer graphene are almost unaffected, contrary to often reported mobility improvements. However, after current annealing, a 75% reduction in the contact resistance improves the overall performance of such a heterostructure device and the backgate-dependent transfer curve becomes more symmetric with respect to the Dirac point. A maximum carrier mobility of 11200cm2V−1s−1 for this hBN/graphene/hBN heterostructure was measured at 4 K, showing good device performance, in particular, after current annealing.
How Birds Behave
Authors: Tong Wenfei
Published: September 2020

Birds are intelligent, sociable creatures that exhibit a wide array of behaviours – from mobbing and mimicking to mating and joint nesting. Why do they behave as they do? Bringing to light the remarkable actions of birds through examples from species around the world, How Birds Behave presents engaging vignettes about the private lives of birds, all explained in an evolutionary context.
We discover how birds find food, relying on foraging techniques, tools and thievery. We learn about the courtship rituals through which birds choose, compete for, woo and win mates; the familial conflicts that crop up among parents, offspring and siblings; and the stresses and strains of nesting, including territory defence, nepotism and relationship sabotage. We see how birds respond to threats and danger – through such unique practices as murmurations, specific alarm calls, distraction displays and antipredator nest design. We also read about how birds change certain behaviours – preening, migration, breeding and huddling – based on climate. Richly illustrated, this book explores the increasing focus on how individual birds differ in personality and how big data and citizen scientists are helping to add to what we know about them.
Drawing on classic examples and the latest research, How Birds Behave offers a close-up look at the many ways birds conduct themselves in the wild.
A Facile Microwave and SnCl2 Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones
Authors: O'Brien Nicholas S. , McCluskey Adam
Published: September 2020

An elegantly simple, facile, and robust approach to a scaffold of biological importance, 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, is reported. A catalytic 1% SnCl2/microwave-mediated approach afforded access to pure material, collected by cooling and filtration after 20-min microwave irradiation at 120°C. A total of 41 analogues were prepared in isolated yields of 17–99%. This process was highly tolerant of aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, and acyclic aldehydes, but furan, pyrrole, and thiophene aldehyde reactivity correlated with propensity towards electrophilic addition and/or Diels–Alder addition. As a result, thiophene afforded high yields (80%) whereas pyrrole carboxaldehyde failed to react. With simple cinnamaldehydes, and in the SbCl3-mediated reaction, and with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes the equivalent quinazolin-4(3H)-ones, and not the 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, was favoured.
Multidimensional analysis of actin depolymerising factor family in pigeon pea under different environmental stress revealed specific response genes in each subgroup
Authors: Cao Hongyan , Amin Rohul , Niu Lili , Song Zhihua , Dong Biying , Li Hanghang , Wang Litao , Meng Dong , Yang Qing , Fu Yujie
Published: September 2020

Actin depolymerising factor (ADF) is an actin binding protein that is ubiquitous in animal and plant cells. It plays an important role in plant growth and development, as well as resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. The research of plant ADF family has been restricted to Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and some herb crops, but no woody cash crops have been reported to date. All members of the Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. ADF (CcADF) family were identified from the pigeon pea genome, and distributed among the four subfamilies by phylogenetic analysis. CcADFs were relatively conservative in gene structure evolution, protein structure and functional expression, and different CcADFs showed specific expression patterns under different treatments. The expression characteristics of several key CcADFs were revealed by analysing the stress response pattern of CcADFs and the time series RNA-seq of aluminium stress. Among them, CcADF9 in the first subgroup specifically responded to aluminium stress in the roots; CcADF3 in the second subgroup intensively responded to fungal infection in the leaves; and CcADF2 in the fourth subgroup positively responded to various stress treatments in different tissues. This study extended the relationship between plant ADF family and aluminium tolerance, as well as adding to the understanding of CcADF family in woody crops.
Distinct hypertrophic cardiomyopathy genotypes result in convergent sarcomeric proteoform profiles revealed by top-down proteomics
Authors: Tucholski Trisha , Cai Wenxuan , Gregorich Zachery R. , Bayne Elizabeth F. , Mitchell Stanford D. , McIlwain Sean J. , de Lange Willem J. , Wrobbel Max , Karp Hannah , Hite Zachary , Vikhorev Petr G. , Marston Steven B. , Lal Sean , Li Amy , dos Remedios Cristobal , Kohmoto Takushi , Hermsen Joshua , Ralphe J. Carter , Kamp Timothy J. , Moss Richard L. , Ge Ying
Published: September 2020

Significance

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic heart disease and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. HCM has been linked to mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, but how different mutations can result in a similar clinical phenotype is unknown. Analysis of surgical heart tissue samples from HCM patients with severe outflow track obstruction using high-resolution mass spectrometry–based top-down proteomics revealed a common pattern of altered sarcomeric proteoforms across HCM tissues compared to non-failing donor heart tissues. Our data suggest that common pathways are associated with clinical phenotypes in patients diagnosed with obstructive HCM, opening the door for the development of interventions that target the HCM phenotype rather than the individual sarcomeric gene mutation.
DNA binding induces a
cis
-to-
trans
switch in Cre recombinase to enable intasome assembly
Authors: Unnikrishnan Aparna , Amero Carlos , Yadav Deepak Kumar , Stachowski Kye , Potter Devante , Foster Mark P.
Published: September 2020

Significance

The Cre-
loxP
system is a gene-editing tool that has enabled transformative advances in immunology, neuroscience, and cardiovascular research. Still, off-target activities confound research results and present obstacles to biomedical applications. Overcoming those limitations requires understanding the steps leading to assembly of recombination complexes, intasomes. We measured the magnetic properties of nitrogen nuclei in the backbone of the enzyme to correlate its intrinsic dynamics with its function in DNA recognition and cleavage. We found that in the absence of DNA the C terminus of Cre appears to block the DNA binding surface and active site of the enzyme. Binding to
loxP
DNA induces a conformational switch that would enable the intermolecular protein–protein interactions required for assembly of recombinogenic Cre intasomes.
Tunable layered-magnetism–assisted magneto-Raman effect in a two-dimensional magnet CrI
3
Authors: Jin Wencan , Ye Zhipeng , Luo Xiangpeng , Yang Bowen , Ye Gaihua , Yin Fangzhou , Kim Hyun Ho , Rojas Laura , Tian Shangjie , Fu Yang , Yan Shaohua , Lei Hechang , Sun Kai , Tsen Adam W. , He Rui , Zhao Liuyan
Published: September 2020

Significance

The two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductor CrI
3
hosts a variety of strong and tunable magneto-optical effects and allows for the development of novel magneto-optical devices. While the elastic magneto-optical effects in CrI
3
are well understood, its recently discovered inelastic magneto-Raman effect remains to have case-specific interpretations varying upon the thickness of CrI
3
. We perform comprehensive Raman measurements on 2D CrI
3
with polarization, temperature, layer number, and magnetic field dependence. We resolve a Davydov-split–induced
N
-fold multiplet in
N
-layer CrI
3
and reveal the distinct magneto-Raman behaviors of individual phonons within the multiplet. Our results discover a layered-magnetism–coupled phonon scattering mechanism that explains the rich magneto-Raman effect in CrI
3
of arbitrary thickness and elucidates the spin–phonon coupling physics in layered magnets.
A diachronic perspective on telecinematic language
Authors: Werner Valentin
Published: September 2020

Previous corpus-based studies, which have mostly focused on a particular film or series, have identified various key characteristics of telecinematic language. However, a restriction on those results applies as regards the stability of findings across time and across individual productions. To address this gap, and following calls for more nuanced perspectives on telecinematic language as a whole, this study re-assesses a number of claims pertaining to lexical and lexicogrammatical aspects through a diachronic lens. To this end, it uses the Northern American sections of the new Movie and TV Corpora, multi-million word corpora compiled from subtitles of a wide range of film and series genres in the English-speaking world from the 20th and 21st century. Overall, the diachronic view of the data is suggestive of a highly complex nature of telecinematic language, with levels of emotionality and informality increasing over time for most items tested.
Language use in pop culture over three decades
Authors: Csomay Eniko , Young Ryan
Published: September 2020

Analyzing variation in language features in literature and telecinematic discourse provides valuable insights into society’s shifting values and perspectives. In this study, we carry out a keyword analysis on the language of three series ofStar Trektelevision dialogues, broadcast in the 1960s, 1980s, and 1990s, from two perspectives: (i) keywords across the three series highlighting words that are unique to one series in contrast to the other two, providing insights about changes of foci across time; (ii) keywords in relation to gender depicting potential differences in gender roles and how these may change through time across the series.
A linguistic typology of American television
Authors: Berber Sardinha Tony , Veirano Pinto Marcia
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the first entirely linguistic typology of contemporary American television, derived from a multi-dimensional (MD) analysis of the USTV corpus. The USTV corpus comprises 930 texts from 191 different TV programs, classified into 31 different registers (including nine telecinematic ones: drama series, miniseries, movies, sitcoms, soap operas, general animation, children’s animation, short-feature animation, and children’s and teens’ shows). The linguistic typology we present in this study is based on the linguistic characteristics present in the individual programs, with no a priori textual categorizations. A cluster analysis grouped the individual programs into clusters that shared similar dimensional profiles. The resulting typology comprises nine different text types – namely Presentation of information, Opinion and discussion, Analysis and debate, Description, Interactive recount, Engaging demonstration, Playful discourse, Simplified interaction, and Simulated conversation. The paper discusses and illustrates each text type and considers how telecinematic discourse relates to each of them.
Why are there growing divisions between traditional grammars and theoretical and experimental linguistic works (and how can they be overcome)?
Authors: Struckmeier Volker
Published: September 2020

The present article discusses a worrying development, whereby some traditional grammars become less aligned with the findings of linguistics research. The article gives examples of such discrepancies, illustrated here on the basis of the description of German. It also aims to describe a possible cause for this development. On the one hand, it seems that the grammatical descriptions found in school grammars have in some cases ceased to reflect discussions in (and formats of) current theories of grammar. They have also chosen, to a degree, to ignore empirical findings made by linguistic research. However, the article seeks to demonstrate that this may in large part be caused by the nature of the linguistic theories and experimental research approaches themselves, as well as the presentation of these projects in the literature: The granularity of the descriptions (and the objects described) that theoretical and experimental research assess simply does not match the kinds of generalisations that traditional grammars (school grammars, especially) aim for. To illustrate this point, specific issues with linguistic theories, methods and conventions are presented, which may make it difficult for school grammars to react to the results in a principled way.
The Pex3–Inp1 complex tethers yeast peroxisomes to the plasma membrane
Authors: Hulmes Georgia E. , Hutchinson John D. , Dahan Noa , Nuttall James M. , Allwood Ellen G. , Ayscough Kathryn R. , Hettema Ewald H.
Published: September 2020

A subset of peroxisomes is retained at the mother cell cortex by the Pex3–Inp1 complex. We identify Inp1 as the first known plasma membrane–peroxisome (PM-PER) tether by demonstrating that Inp1 meets the predefined criteria that a contact site tether protein must adhere to. We show that Inp1 is present in the correct subcellular location to interact with both the plasma membrane and peroxisomal membrane and has the structural and functional capacity to be a PM-PER tether. Additionally, expression of artificial PM-PER tethers is sufficient to restore retention in inp1Δ cells. We show that Inp1 mediates peroxisome retention via an N-terminal domain that binds PI(4,5)P2 and a C-terminal Pex3-binding domain, forming a bridge between the peroxisomal membrane and the plasma membrane. We provide the first molecular characterization of the PM-PER tether and show it anchors peroxisomes at the mother cell cortex, suggesting a new model for peroxisome retention.
Probing the era of reheating for reconstructed inflationary potential in the RS II braneworld
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukannya , Das Kumar , Gangopadhyay Mayukh R
Published: September 2020

We analyse the epoch of reheating after an inflationary phase in the Randall–Sundrum type-II braneworld, where we did not consider any particular model of inflation, but rather reconstructed the inflationary potential solving the flow equations using Monte Carlo (MC) approach. It is shown numerically that a potential conceived through the MC reconstruction technique can be represented by an effective potential as a function of the number of e-foldings (N). Then, the epoch of reheating is studied for this reconstructed potential. The relation between the reheating temperature (T
reh) and the five-dimensional Planck mass (M
5) is established. Moreover, it is argued that there is a stringent bound on the critical reheating temperature that also translates to a tight bound on M
5.
An implantable microelectrode array for chronic in vivo epiretinal stimulation of the rat retina
Authors: Yoon E , Koo B , Wong J , Elyahoodayan S , Weiland J D , Lee C D , Petrossians A , Meng E
Published: September 2020

The design, fabrication, and testing of a microelectrode array for chronic in vivo stimulation of the rat retina is presented. Epiretinal positioning of the array introduced design challenges associated with the surgical implantation approach into the rat ocular orbit. These anatomical and surgical challenges were overcome using microfabrication of thin-film Parylene C and platinum to create the array followed by thermal post-processing steps to achieve the required array geometry. An electroplated platinum-iridium coating was employed to increase the electrode charge storage capacity and then verified in benchtop electrochemical characterization. Preliminary in vivo implantations with sham devices containing no metal revealed chronic biocompatibility (up to 6 weeks) and acute trials with functional arrays illustrated device robustness against surgical trauma. This work represents the first epiretinal implant development for the rat animal model via a suitable soft neural interface device enabled through polymer MEMS micromachining.
Numerical study of biosensor based on α-MoO3/Au hyperbolic metamaterial at visible frequencies
Authors: Wei Chenwei , Cen Mengjia , Chui Hsiang-Chen , Cao Tun
Published: September 2020

Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) attract increasing attentions due to their unique optical properties and offer new approaches for realizing novel functionalities in emerging photonic meta-devices. Tunable is one of the most attractive optical properties since multifunction optical devices are one of the important research directions. So far, most active HMMs working in the visible region are based on the combination of metal and phase-change chalcogenides and the performance is limited by the optical losses of phase-change chalcogenides and interdiffusion of the metals with phase-change chalcogenides. In this work, incorporating α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) and Au, an active and low loss HMM device is proposed in the visible region and can effectively overcome the shortcoming. A tunable plasmonic biosensor based on prism coupled α-MoO3/Au HMM is further designed by enhancing Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift, since GH shift is highly sensitive to the refractive index of the substrate. The calculated refractive index sensitivity of this proposed biosensor is of the order of 106 nm/refractive index unit. The proposed approach offers new direction for potential application in the development of the active ultrasensitive biosensor operating at visible range.