bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased histologic inflammation is an independent risk factor for nonconventional dysplasia in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nguyen Eric D. , Wang Dongliang , Lauwers Gregory Y. , Choi Won‐Tak
Published: August 2022

Aims

Several types of nonconventional dysplasia have been described in inflammatory bowel disease. Hypermucinous, goblet cell‐deficient, and crypt cell dysplasias are considered high‐risk subtypes, as they often have molecular features of advanced neoplasia (e.g. aneuploidy) and are more frequently associated with advanced neoplasia than conventional dysplasia. This study investigated if increased colonic inflammation is a risk factor for nonconventional dysplasia.

Methods and Results

A cohort of 125 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)‐associated dysplasia were analyzed and compared with 50 control UC patients without a history of neoplasia. For each patient, all biopsies prior to the initial detection of dysplasia were scored using a 4‐point inflammatory activity score. Both mean and maximum scores from all biopsies taken during each colonoscopy were derived. Inflammation burden was calculated by multiplying the average maximum score between each pair of surveillance episodes by length of surveillance interval in years. The average scores of all colonoscopies were used to calculate overall mean, maximum, and inflammation burden scores. In multivariate analyses, higher maximum (odds ratio [OR] 3.4) and inflammation burden (OR 4.2) scores were significantly associated with the detection of dysplasia (P < 0.05). Similarly, higher mean and maximum scores increased the odds of nonconventional dysplasia by 2.7 and 4.9, respectively (P < 0.05). There was a stronger association between these two scores and high‐risk subtypes (ORs 4.0 and 7.5, respectively, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The risk of nonconventional dysplasia is significantly associated with increased colonic inflammation, which may contribute to its higher rates of aneuploidy and malignancy.
Comparison of antiplaque and anti‐gingivitis effects of aloe vera mouthwash with chlorhexidine in fixed orthodontic patients—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamath Deepa G. , Nadimpalli Harshitha , Nayak Sangeeta Umesh , Rajendran Valliammai , Natarajan Srikant
Published: August 2022

Background

In daily dental practice, plaque‐induced gingivitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases that is frequently encountered. Accumulation of microbial biofilms on surfaces of teeth and poor or inadequate oral hygiene is the chief predisposing factor for this condition. In such a state, antimicrobial mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control helps in maintaining good oral hygiene. Among the many conditions, fixed orthodontic treatment is one of the conditions where plaque control becomes challenging to the patient as well as the dentist. In such a situation, antimicrobial mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control is highly recommended. Dentistry has recently evidenced a shift of approach for treating many inflammatory oral diseases by using herbal treatment modalities. Aloe vera is one such product exhibiting multiple benefits and has gained considerable importance in clinical research recently. The present study aimed to evaluate efficacy of aloe vera mouth rinse on the dental plaque and gingivitis in patients who were undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in comparison with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash.

Material and Method

This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 30 subjects with fixed orthodontic treatment. The subjects were grouped in the test group (15 subjects with 10 ml aloe vera mouthwash (99.6% [w/v])) and the control group (15 subjects with 0.2% 10 ml chlorhexidine mouthwash). Plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing were recorded for each participant at baseline, 21 days from baseline and 35 days from baseline. The findings were then statistically analysed using student paired and unpaired t‐test.

Results

Gingival index showed a statistically significant difference from baseline to 21 days and 35 days visit in both the groups. Plaque index and bleeding on probing were statistically significant among both groups when compared baseline to 21 days and 35 days visit, but the difference was not significant between visit 2 and visit 3.

Conclusions

Although chlorhexidine is still the gold standard mouthwash, aloe vera exhibits promising results in reducing plaque and gingivitis scores, without any reported adverse effects. Larger multi‐centric trials are needed to prove its effectiveness on dental plaque‐induced gingivitis.
Multidimensional poverty among different age cohorts in South Korea
Authors: Hwang Hyesun , Nam Su‐Jung
Published: August 2022

This study analyzed multidimensional poverty among different age cohorts in South Korea. The elements of poverty were stratified along with the individual, social, and structural dimensions, considering five poverty dimensions (monetary, health, housing, human relations, and social security) that represent wellbeing or quality of life. Latent class analysis revealed different structures by age group. The proportion of young people (≤54 years) suffering from multidimensional poverty was much smaller than other age groups. For young‐old people (55–64 years), the probability of deprivation exhibited a dispersed pattern across health, housing, human relations, and social security, whereas the old‐old (65–74 years) and oldest‐old (≥75 years) groups exhibited significant risk in the health dimension. These findings suggest the need for expansion of the scope of community care services for beneficiaries, promotion of housing welfare, and strengthening of social networks and psychological support policies.
Behavioural response to abusive supervision among hotel employees: The intervening roles of forgiveness climate and helping behaviour
Authors: Eluwole Kayode Kolawole , Ukeje Uchechukwu Edwin , Saydam Mehmet Bahrı , Ozturen Ali , Lasisi Taiwo Temitope
Published: August 2022

The current study draws on conservation of resource theory to propose a research model in which forgiveness climate mediates the influence of abusive supervision on employees’ voice behaviour, helping behaviour, and customer‐centric organisational citizen behaviour (OCB). Data gathered from hotel employees and their co‐workers in Nigeria were used to assess the hypothesised associations. These relationships were assessed using structural equation modelling. The results indicated that abusive supervision reduces employees’ perception of forgiveness climate, helping behaviour, and customer‐centric OCB and fosters voice behaviour. On the other hand, forgiveness climate erodes voice behaviour and heightens helping behaviour and customer‐centric OCB. This study explains the theoretical and practical contribution of the findings.
Nurses' perceptions of career growth: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ni Yun‐Xia , Wu Dan , Bao Yun , Li Ji‐Ping , You Gui‐Ying
Published: August 2022

Aims

To explore nurses' experiences and perceptions of career growth and its influencing factors, as career growth is more closely associated with individual attitudes and behaviours in the new career era.

Design

A qualitative descriptive design was used.

Methods

Thirty‐one nurses from 10 secondary and 8 tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province of China were purposively selected to participate in this study. The data were collected using individual semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Two researchers independently reviewed the transcripts and emergent coding. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Findings

The nurses' perceptions of career growth fully described the nurses' experience and occurred in five dimensions: career promotion, career goal progress, professional ability and quality improvement, professional identity development and increase in personal prestige. The factors influencing career growth were identified at the organizational, individual and social levels. Career growth in nursing was complex, changed over time and showed several specific characteristics compared with other careers. The nurse‐specific symbol of career growth was professional identity development, which reflected career progression characteristics.

Conclusions

Career growth is a multi‐dimensional concept with varying influencing factors. The meaning of career growth for nurses is distinct from that for employees in other careers.

Impact

Nursing managers should guide nurses to comprehensively assess their career growth from multiple perspectives, and professional identity development deserves more attention. Both organizations and individuals should take responsibility for career management to pursue career growth.
The Expression of Hate in Hate Speech
Authors: Marques Teresa
Published: August 2022

In this article, I argue that hate speech expresses hate, and I answer some objections to expressivist views. First, I briefly comment on some limitations of pragmatic accounts of harmful speech. I then present an expressive‐normative view of derogatory discourse according to which it is expressive of an affective state by presupposing it. A linguistic act expressive of an affective state inherits the normativity that is constitutive of that state, as directed to its intentional object. If the act is successful, it updates the conversational context with the normative appraisal conditions of the affective state presupposed. I argue that this model can be applied to hate speech. I rely on current research on the psychology of hate to identify the appraisal conditions, action tendencies, and motivational goals characteristic of hate. The account supplements other pragmatic accounts of hate speech.
A simplified approach to radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic ventricular outflow tract premature ventricular contractions
Authors: Parreira Leonor , Carmo Pedro , Marinheiro Rita , Chambel Duarte , Mesquita Dinis , Amador Pedro , Pinho Joana , Marques Lia , Reis Roberto Palma , Adragao Pedro
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Frequently, low voltage areas (LVAs) and diastolic potentials (DPs) are present at ablation sites in sinus rhythm in patients with idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs).

Objective

Validate these findings as substrates for PVCs and evaluate the feasibility of a simplified substrate approach based on LVAs and DPs for ablation of idiopathic outflow tract PVCs, in patients with a low PVC burden during the procedure.

Methods

Prospective single‐arm clinical trial at two centers with comparison with a historical group, matched to age and gender. The study group consisted of consecutive patients referred for ablation of frequent idiopathic PVCs with inferior axis, that presented with less than two PVCs/min in first 5 min of the procedure. The ablation was based on fast mapping of the right ventricular outflow tract in sinus rhythm looking for LVAs and DPs, defined as isolated small amplitude potentials occurring after the T wave of the surface echocardiogram. The area with LVAs and DPs was tagged, and a simplified activation mapping of the PVCs was done in that area. The procedure time, success rate, and recurrence rate were compared with the historical group in whom ablation was performed based on activation and pace mapping only. A validation group without PVCs was also studied to assess the prevalence of LVAs and DPs in the general population.

Results

The study (n = 38), historical (n = 38), and validation (n = 38) groups did not differ in relation to age or gender. Prevalence of LVAs and DPs was significantly higher in the study group in comparison with the validation group, respectively, 71% versus 11%, p < 0.0001 and 87% versus 8%, p < 0.0001. Procedure time was significantly lower in the study group when comparing to the historical group, 130 (100–164) versus 183 (160–203) min, p < 0.0001 and the success rate was significantly higher, 90% versus 64%, p = 0.013. The recurrence rate in patients with a successful ablation was not significantly different between both groups, Log‐rank = 0.125.

Conclusion

The prevalence of LVAs and DPs was significantly higher in the study group than in the validation group. The proposed approach proved to be feasible, faster, and more efficient than the historical approach.
Internet‐delivered therapist‐assisted cognitive therapy for adolescent social anxiety disorder (OSCA): a randomised controlled trial addressing preliminary efficacy and mechanisms of action
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Clark David M.
Published: August 2022

Background

Cognitive therapy for SAD (CT‐SAD) is a first‐line recommended treatment for adult social anxiety disorder (SAD) and shows considerable promise for youth. However, the high prevalence of adolescent SAD and limited number of therapists presents an implementation challenge. Delivery of CT‐SAD via the Internet may offer part of the solution.

Method

Forty‐three youth (14–18 years) with SAD recruited through schools were randomly allocated to therapist‐assisted Internet‐delivered CT‐SAD (called OSCA) or waitlist for 14 weeks (ISRCTN15079139).

Results

OSCA outperformed waitlist on all measures and was associated with large effects that were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. In the OSCA arm, 77% of adolescents lost their SAD diagnosis at post (vs. 14% in the waitlist arm), increasing to 91% at 6‐months. Beneficial effects of OSCA were mediated through changes in cognitions and safety behaviours as predicted by cognitive models of SAD. OSCA was associated with high credibility and therapeutic alliance.

Conclusions

This preliminary trial suggests OSCA holds promise as an effective, accessible treatment for adolescent SAD. Future definitive trials could compare OSCA to active comparators to examine specificity of effects.
Influence of geometric dimensions on early failures of adhesively retained composite resin core build‐ups
Authors: Zenthöfer Andreas , Rues Stefan , Rammelsberg Peter , Ohlmann Brigitte , Bömicke Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

Objective

To determine the influence of the geometric dimensions of core build‐ups on early core build‐up failure, that is, loss before definitive prosthesis cementation.

Materials and Methods

Adhesive core build‐ups of exclusively vital teeth in 114 participants were evaluated (n materials: 40 Rebilda DC, 38 Multicore Flow, 36 Clearfil DC Core; n teeth: 8 incisors, 54 premolars, 52 molars). Impressions of the abutment teeth were made (1) after removal of insufficient restorations/caries and (2) after core build‐up and preparation for a fixed prosthesis. Digitized model surfaces of both situations were aligned (Geomagic Design X) and core build‐up volume (VCBU), remaining hard tissue volume (VAbut), and size of the adhesive surface (Aadh) were assessed. The derived measure dCBU = VCBU/Aadh can be interpreted as mean arithmetic core build‐up thickness. Associations between participant or core build‐up design characteristics and the occurrence of early failures were statistically evaluated (SPSS v27, α = 0.05).

Results

A total of six (5.3%) core build‐up failures were registered. Higher participant age, greater core build‐up volume VCBU and greater arithmetic uniform thickness dCBU were associated with a greater incidence of failure in bivariate and univariate, however, not in multivariate statistics.

Conclusions

Core build‐up volume and thickness were associated with early success or failure.

Clinical Significance

In the case of voluminous/thick core build‐ups in relation to the adhesive surface, additional measures, such as the preparation of retentive elements to increase the bonding area, might be considered to reduce the risk of early core build‐up failure.
The recombinant subunit vaccine encapsulated by alginate‐chitosan microsphere enhances the immune effect against Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus
Authors: Xu Fei‐Fan , Jiang Fu‐Yi , Zhou Guo‐Qing , Xia Jun‐Yao , Yang Fei , Zhu Bin
Published: August 2022

The disease caused by Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV) has brought substantial economic losses to the largemouth bass aquaculture industry in China. Vaccination was considered as a potential way to prevent and control this disease. As a kind of sustained and controlled release system, alginate and chitosan microspheres (SA‐CS) are widely used in the development of oral vaccination for fish. Here, we prepared a king of alginate‐chitosan composite microsphere to encapsulate the second segment of MSRV glycoprotein (G2 protein) and then evaluated the immune effect of the microsphere vaccine on largemouth bass. Largemouth bass were vaccinated via intragastric immunization by different treatments (PBS, SA‐CS, G2 and SA‐CS‐G2). The results showed that a stronger immune response including serum antibody levels, immune‐related physiological indexes (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity) and the expression of immune‐related gene (IgM、IL‐8、IL‐1β、CD4、TGF‐β、TNF‐α) can be induced obviously with SA‐CS‐G2 groups compared with G2 groups when fish were vaccinated. Furthermore, fish were injected with a lethal dose of MSRV after immunization for 28 days, and the highest relative percentage survival (54.8%) was observed in SA‐CS‐G2 group (40 μg per fish), which is significantly higher than that of G2 group (25.8%). This study showed that alginate‐chitosan microspheres as the vaccine carrier can effectively improve the immune effect of oral vaccination and induce better immune protection effect against MSRV infection.
Comparative morphology and soft tissue histology of the remote‐touch bill‐tip organ in three ibis species of differing foraging ecology
Authors: du Toit Carla J. , Chinsamy Anusuya , Cunningham Susan J.
Published: August 2022

Ibises (order: Pelecaniformes, family: Threskiornithidae) are probe‐foraging birds that use ‘remote‐touch’ to locate prey items hidden in opaque substrates. This sensory capability allows them to locate their prey using high‐frequency vibrations in the substrate in the absence of other sensory cues. Remote‐touch is facilitated by a specialised bill‐tip organ, comprising high densities of mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) embedded in numerous foramina in the beak bones. Each foramen and its associated Herbst corpuscles make up a sensory unit, called a ‘sensory pit’. These sensory pits are densely clustered in the distal portion of the beak. Previous research has indicated that interspecific differences in the extent of sensory pitting in the beak bones correlate with aquatic habitat use of ibises, and have been suggested to reflect different levels of remote‐touch sensitivity. Our study investigates the interspecific differences in the bone and soft tissue histology of the bill‐tip organs of three species of southern African ibises from different habitats (mainly terrestrial to mainly aquatic). We analysed the external pitting pattern on the bones, as well as internal structure of the beak using micro‐CT scans and soft tissue histological sections of each species' bill‐tip organs. The beaks of all three species contain remote‐touch bill‐tip organs and are described here in detail. Clear interspecific differences are evident between the species' bill‐tip organs, both in terms of bone morphology and soft tissue histology. Glossy Ibises, which forage exclusively in wetter substrates, have a greater extent of pitting but lower numbers of Herbst corpuscles in each pit, while species foraging in drier substrates (Hadeda and Sacred Ibises) have more robust beaks, fewer pits and higher densities of Herbst corpuscles. Our data, together with previously published histological descriptions of the bill‐tip organs of other remote‐touch foraging bird species, indicate that species foraging in drier habitats have more sensitive bill‐tip organs (based on their anatomy). The vibrations produced by prey (e.g., burrowing invertebrates) travel poorly in dry substrates compared with wetter ones (i.e., dry soil vs. mud or water), and thus we hypothesise that a more sensitive bill‐tip organ may be required to successfully locate prey in dry substrates. Furthermore, our results indicate that the differences in bill‐tip organ anatomy between the species reflect complex trade‐offs between morphological constraints of beak shape and remote‐touch sensitivity requirements, both of which are likely related to each species' foraging behaviour and substrate usage. Our study suggests that structures in the bone of the bill‐tip organ could provide valuable osteological correlates for the associated soft tissues, and consequently may provide information on the sensory ecology and habitat usage of the birds in the absence of soft tissues.
Community‐based models of health care for women, trans and nonbinary people released from prisons: An international scoping review with implications for Canada
Authors: Paynter Martha , Heggie Clare , Low Carrie , McKibbon Shelley , Martin‐Misener Ruth
Published: August 2022

Aims and Objectives

To illustrate the scope of different types of transitional, community‐based health interventions for formerly incarcerated women, trans and nonbinary people, the eligibility criteria for these interventions, and associated health outcomes.

Background

Meeting the health needs of formerly incarcerated people in community, rather than through the criminal justice system, may prevent further experiences of criminalization. Research is needed to understand what community‐based health interventions have been implemented internationally to inform the design of an intervention in Canada.

Design

Scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology.

Methods

In consultation with a medical research librarian, key databases and journals were searched for English language articles, from any country, with no specified date range. Three authors independently screened titles and abstracts to identify articles for full‐text review. The study adheres to PRISMA‐EQUATOR guidelines.

Results

Thirty‐six studies met the present criteria and were reviewed in full text. Method, setting, participants, sample, relevant outcomes and relevant findings were extracted from each study for synthesis. Included studies had varied methods and were published from 1999 to 2020. Thirty‐one studies were based in the United States, one in Puerto Rico and two each in Canada and the United Kingdom. The most common health issue focus was human immunodeficiency virus and/or hepatitis c virus. The most common outcome was uptake of offered services, such as a transitional clinic.

Conclusions

Gaps in the research pertain to a lack of attention to clinical outcomes and patient experience, and a lack of consideration of sexual and reproductive health concerns. Women were the minority population in all studies that included both men and women; transgender participants were mentioned in only four of thirty‐six studies. The specific needs of women, trans and nonbinary people must be taken into consideration.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses must be conscious of the elevated health risks associated with exposure to correctional institutions and the risks associated with the period of transition.

Patient or Public Contribution

A member of the research team brings lived experience expertise with respect to the criminal justice system.
Postsurgical urodynamic study of total laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Terada Shinichi , Terai Yoshito , Tanaka Yoshimichi , Tanaka Tomohito , Tsunetoh Satoshi , Ohmichi Masahide
Published: August 2022

Aim

To evaluate the impact on urodynamic results between the laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (LRH) following a step‐by‐step procedure and abdominal nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (ARH) for patients with uterine cervical cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 76 patients with cervical cancer: 35 in the LRH group and 41 in the ARH group. We analyzed their postoperative bladder function in a urodynamics study and examined the volume of resected pelvic nerves contained in parametrial sections using S‐100 antibody staining.

Results

Estimated blood loss and hospital stay after operation for the LRH group were significantly better than those in the ARH group (p < 0.0001). As well, the number of harvested lymph nodes was significantly higher in the LRH group (p = 0.044). There was no difference in perioperative complications between the two groups in this study. The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates and overall survival rates were 91.2% and 94.0% in the LRH group and 87.8% and 95.1% in the ARH group, both respectively. Although the median residual urine volume were no statistical differences between the LRH group and the ARH group, the recovery of postoperative bladder function (uroflowmetry) in the LRH group rapidly reached presurgery levels at 1 month, and the LRH group had a smaller number of s‐100 antibody stained nerves contained the parametrial sections.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that LRH following a step‐by‐step procedure could achieve a higher level of prevention of damage to the bladder branch of the pelvic splanchnic nerve plexus and thus restore bladder function more rapidly.
“You are stealing our present”: Younger people's ageism towards older people predicts attitude towards age‐based COVID‐19 restriction measures
Authors: Spaccatini Federica , Giovannelli Ilaria , Pacilli Maria Giuseppina
Published: August 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic emerged to be a fertile ground for age‐based prejudice and discrimination. In particular, a growing literature investigated ageism towards older people at the individual and the interpersonal level, providing evidence of its prevalence, antecedents and negative consequences. However, less much is known on the phenomenon at the intergroup level. To fill this gap, the present correlational research investigated the effects of younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people on the attitude towards COVID‐19 restriction measures primarily targeted to older (vs. younger) population. In the autumn of 2020, five hundred and eighty‐two Italian participants (83.3% females;Mage= 20.02,SDage= 2.83) completed an online questionnaire. Results revealed that the younger people's endorsement of ageism towards older people increased the attribution of culpability for the severity of COVID‐19 restriction measures to older (vs. younger) people, which, in turn positively affected the attitudes towards older (vs. younger) people isolation and support for selective lockdown on older population only. The main contributions of the study, limitations, future research directions, and practice implications are discussed.
Impact of Resolvin D1 on the inflammatory phenotype of periodontal ligament cell response to hypoxia
Authors: Cai Jiazheng , Liu Jing , Yan Jing , Lu Xuexia , Wang Xiaoli , Li Si , Mustafa Kamal , Wang Huihui , Xue Ying , Mustafa Manal , Kantarci Alpdogan , Xing Zhe
Published: August 2022

Objective

Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are critical for wound healing and regenerative capacity of periodontal diseases. Within an inflammatory periodontal pocket, a hypoxic environment can aggravate periodontal inflammation, where PDLCs response to the inflammation would change. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid mediator, which can impact intracellular inflammatory pathways of periodontal/oral cells and periodontal regeneration. It is not clear how hypoxia and RvD1 impact the inflammatory responses of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype. Therefore, this study aimed to test hypoxia could induce changes in pro‐inflammatory phenotype of PDLCs and RvD1 could reverse it.

Methods

Human PDLCs were cultured from periodontal tissues from eight healthy individuals and were characterized by immunofluorescence staining of vimentin and cytokeratin. Cell viability was examined by Methyl‐thiazolyl‐tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To examine the effects of hypoxia and RvD1 on the inflammatory responses of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype, protein levels and gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines and signal transduction molecules were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (real‐time qRT‐PCR). Alizarin red S staining and real‐time qRT‐PCR were employed to study the effects of hypoxia and RvD1 on the osteogenic differentiation of pro‐inflammatory PDLCs phenotype.

Results

It was found that hypoxia increases the expression of inflammatory factors at the gene level (p < .05). RvD1 reduced the expression of IL‐1β (p < .05) in PDLCs under hypoxia both at the protein and RNA levels. There were increases in the expression of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK, p < .01) and protein kinase B (Akt, p < .05) in response to RvD1. Also, a significantly higher density of calcified nodules was observed after treatment with RvD1 for 21 days under hypoxia.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that hypoxia up‐regulated the inflammatory level of PDLCs. RvD1 can reduce under‐hypoxia‐induced pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the inflammatory phenotype of PDLCs. Moreover, RvD1 promotes the calcium nodules in PDLCs, possibly by affecting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway through Akt and HIF‐1α.
Similar risk of kidney function decline between tenofovir alafenamide and besifovir dipivoxil maleate in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jung Chan‐Young , Kim Hyung Woo , Lee Jung Il , Lee Hyun Woong , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Seok
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Although tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and besifovir dipivoxil maleate (BSV) are potent antiviral agents in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, their renal safety profiles have not been previously compared. This study compared the risk of kidney function decline among patients with treatment‐naïve CHB treated with TAF or BSV.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study included 556 patients with treatment‐naïve CHB treated with TAF (n = 366) or BSV (n = 190) between November 2017 and August 2021. The primary outcome was chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, defined as an increase in CKD stage by at least one stage for at least three consecutive months.

Results

1:1 Propensity score matching yielded 154 patients in each treatment group. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 100.4 vs. 100.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the TAF and BSV groups respectively. A total of 25 patients developed a progression in CKD stage ≥1, of which 13 and 12 patients were from the TAF and BSV treated groups respectively (3.1 vs. 3.3 per 1000 person‐years; p = .751). The unadjusted hazard ratio for risk of progression in CKD stage ≥1 of the BSV group (vs. the TAF group) was 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–2.58; p = .758). This association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders. Virological, serological and biochemical responses were also similar between the two treatment groups (all p > .05).

Conclusions

TAF and BSV showed a similar risk of kidney function decline in patients with treatment‐naïve CHB. Further prospective randomized studies are warranted for validation.
A lateral flow assay for the immunodiagnosis of human cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis
Authors: Cognialli Regielly , Bloss Konner , Weiss Izabella , Caceres Diego H. , Davis Rachelle , Queiroz‐Telles Flavio
Published: August 2022

Background

Cat‐transmitted sporotrichosis (CTS) caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis has emerged as an important zoonosis in Brazil and neighbouring countries.

Objectives

Evaluate the performance of a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera.

Methods

A LFA for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies (Anti‐Sporo LFA) in human sera, developed by IMMY, was evaluated using 300 human sera collected prospectively at the Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná (HC‐UFPR), in Curitiba, Brazil. These specimens included 100 sera from patients with CTS. CTS cases were classified as follows: 59 lymphocutaneous, 27 fixed cutaneous,13 ocular, and one mixed form. One‐hundred specimens from patients with other mycoses, including cryptococcosis (n = 32), candidemia (n = 27), paracoccidioidomycosis (n = 14), aspergillosis (n = 10), histoplasmosis (n = 9), fusariosis (n = 4), lobomycosis (n = 1), chromoblastomycosis (n = 1), mucormycosis (n = 1) and trichosporonosis (n = 1). And 100 specimens from apparently healthy volunteers (AHV).

Results

The Anti‐Sporo LFA showed a global sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 74%–90%), a global specificity of 82% (95% CI = 76%–87%), and accuracy of 82% (95% CI = 77%–86%). By clinical form sensitivity was as follows: Mixed form 100%, ocular 92%, lymphocutaneous 83% and fixed cutaneous 78%. False‐positive results were observed in 11 specimens from people with other mycoses and 26 specimens from AHV.

Conclusion and discussion

This study presents the results of the evaluation of the first lateral flow assay for the detection of anti‐Sporothrix antibodies in human sera. The findings here show evidence that IMMY's Anti‐Sporo LFA is a promising tool for the rapid diagnosis of CTS.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma gene patterns connected with RNA methylation for prognostic prediction
Authors: Wu Xuechen , Tang Jiezhang , Cheng Bo
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To determine whether m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ‐related genes influence the prognosis of a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Materials and Methods

We investigated the changes in regulatory genes using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Consensus clustering by RNA methylation‐related regulators was used to describe oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Then, we developed the prediction model. The tumor microenvironment was investigated using ESTIMATE. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to determine whether pathways or cell types were enriched in different groups. The association between the model and immune‐related risk scores was investigated using correlation analysis.

Results

We found 22 gene signatures in this analysis and then developed a predictive model that reveals the genes that are highly connected to the overall survival of OSCC patients. The survival and death rates were substantially different in the two groups (high and low risk) classified by the risk scores. The validation cohort verified the phenotypic diversity and prognostic effects of these genes.

Conclusion

Our data reveal that immune cell infiltration, genetic mutation, and survival potential in OSCC patients are linked to m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G/m6Am/Ψ‐related genes, and we constructed a dependable prognostic model for OSCC patients.
Correlates between temporomandibular disorder severity, emotional distress, and eudaimonic well‐being among young adults
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Marpaung Carolina
Published: August 2022

Objectives

This study examined the correlates between severity of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), emotional distress, and eudaimonic well‐being.

Subjects and Methods

TMD severity, negative emotions, and eudaimonia were assessed with the Fonseca Anamnestic Index (FAI), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales‐21 (DASS‐21), and Psychological Well‐being Scale‐18 (PWBS‐18) in a cohort of community young adults. Statistical evaluations were done with non‐parametric tests/correlation and multivariate regression analyses (α = 0.05).

Results

Amongst the 873 participants (mean age 19.8 ± 1.66 years), 40.7%, 49.0%, and 10.3% had no (NT), mild (MT), and moderate‐to‐severe (ST) TMD, respectively. Significant differences in total‐DASS, depression, anxiety, and stress were ST ≥ MT > NT. Significant variances in total‐PWSB and self‐acceptance were NT > MT > ST while that for environmental mastery, positive relations, and purpose in life were NT > MT, ST. An inverse relationship was discerned between total‐DASS and total‐PWBS (correlation coefficient = −0.54). The prospect of ST was increased by anxiety but reduced by positive relations and self‐acceptance.

Conclusions

Young adults with mild and moderate‐to‐severe TMD experienced substantially higher emotional distress and lower eudaimonia than those with no TMD. As emotional distress and eudaimonic well‐being are interrelated, positive psychological interventions may be beneficial for managing TMD‐related psychosocial disabilities.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on mobility of older adults: A scoping review
Authors: Felipe Sarah Giulia Bandeira , Parreira Batista Patrícia , da Silva Cristina Cristóvão Ribeiro , de Melo Ruth Caldeira , de Assumpção Daniela , Perracini Monica Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Aims and objectives

To identify the most frequent determinants of contact limitation on older adults' mobility addressed by the recommendations to mitigate mobility limitation during the COVID‐19 pandemic and identify the recommendations characteristics and means of dissemination that might guide coping actions.

Background

Measures for physical contact restriction were implemented to prevent COVID‐19 spread. These measures directly impacted older people, reducing their mobility, especially outside home environment. Health systems worldwide need to be prepared to implement strategies to mitigate negative effects of reduced mobility in this population.

Design

Scoping review using Arksey and O′Malley's methodological framework.

Method

Therefore, a scoping review was conducted in LILACS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS databases. Documents and reports with recommendations from government agencies were also consulted. Results were presented in a narrative synthesis based on a conceptual model of mobility proposed by Webber (The Gerontologist, 2010, 50, 443) regarding the most frequently addressed determinants, characteristics of the proposed interventions, and means of dissemination for the older person population.

Findings

Twenty‐eight studies were selected for the final sample. According to Webber's model, most articles (n = 14) presented the impacts on mobility from the perspective of physical determinants, relating this aspect to biological losses in the musculoskeletal system, and a minority assessed mobility in vital spaces, encompassing environmental (n = 3) and financial (n = 1) determinants. Also, the most frequent recommendation was that physical activity promotes maintenance of mobility and prevents the occurrence of adverse results, such as falls, fractures and functional decline. As to dissemination, digital technologies were recognised as a strategy to motivate, instruct and monitor exercise practice to increase mobility in older adults.

Conclusion

The main conditions related to the decline in mobility of older adults during COVID‐19 pandemic were physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle. The practice of physical activity is widespread and needs to be adapted according to individual needs. Finally, digital technologies are essential tools in this period, but other alternatives should also be considered for low‐income seniors.

Implications for practice

It is hoped that the gaps identified through this scoping review can help enhance the discussion on the broader assessment of mobility in older adults and the design of interventions when contact restriction is a reality.
A life more ordinary: A peer research method qualitative study of the Feeling Safe Programme for persecutory delusions
Authors: Bond Jessica , Kenny Alexandra , Mesaric Andreja , Wilson Natalie , Pinfold Vanessa , Kabir Thomas , Freeman Daniel , Waite Felicity , Larkin Michael , Robotham Dan J.
Published: August 2022

Background

The Feeling Safe Programme is a cognitive therapy developed to improve outcomes for individuals with persecutory delusions. It is theoretically driven, modular and personalised, with differences in therapeutic style and content compared with first‐generation cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis.

Objectives

We set out to understand the participant experience of the Feeling Safe Programme.

Design

A qualitative study employing interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Methods

Using a peer research approach, semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with six people who had received the Feeling Safe Programme as part of the outcome clinical trial.

Results

Participants spoke of feeling ‘unsafe’ in their daily lives before the intervention. Openness to the intervention, facilitated by identification with the programme name, and willingness to take an active role were considered important participant attributes for successful outcomes. The therapist was viewed as a professional friend who cared about the individual, which enabled trust to form and the opportunity to consider new knowledge and alternative perspectives. Doing difficult tasks gradually and repeatedly to become comfortable with them was important for change to occur. The intervention helped people to do ordinary things that others take for granted and was perceived to produce lasting changes.

Conclusions

The Feeling Safe Programme was subjectively experienced very positively by interview participants, which is consistent with the results of the clinical trial. The successful interaction of the participant and therapist enabled trust to form, which meant that repeated practice of difficult tasks could lead to re‐engagement with valued everyday activities.
The genetic basis of transpiration sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit in wheat
Authors: Tamang Bishal G. , Monnens Daniel , Anderson James A. , Steffenson Brian J. , Sadok Walid
Published: August 2022

Genetic manipulation of whole‐plant transpiration rate (TR) response to increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a promising approach for crop adaptation to various drought regimes under current and future climates. Genotypes with a non‐linear TR response to VPD are expected to achieve yield gains under terminal drought, thanks to a water conservation strategy, while those with a linear response exhibit a consumptive strategy that is more adequate for well‐watered or transient‐drought environments. In wheat, previous efforts indicated that TR has a genetic basis under naturally fluctuating conditions, but because TR is responsive to variation in temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and evaporative demand, the genetic basis of its response VPD per se has never been isolated. To address this, we developed a controlled‐environment gravimetric phenotyping approach where we imposed VPD regimes independent from other confounding environmental variables. We screened three nested association mapping populations totaling 150 lines, three times over a 3‐year period. The resulting dataset, based on phenotyping nearly 1400 plants, enabled constructing 63‐point response curves for each genotype, which were subjected to a genome‐wide association study. The analysis revealed a hotspot for TR response to VPD on chromosome 5A, with SNPs explaining up to 17% of the phenotypic variance. The key SNPs were found in haploblocks that are enriched in membrane‐associated genes, consistent with the hypothesized physiological determinants of the trait. These results indicate a promising potential for identifying new alleles and designing next‐gen wheat cultivars that are better adapted to current and future drought regimes.
Challenging the water stress index concept: Thermographic assessment of Arabidopsis transpiration
Authors: Savvides Andreas M. , Velez‐Ramirez Aaron I. , Fotopoulos Vasileios
Published: August 2022

Water stress may greatly limit plant functionality and growth. Stomatal closure and consequently reduced transpiration are considered as early and sensitive plant responses to drought and salinity stress. An important consequence of stomatal closure under water stress is the rise of leaf temperature (Tleaf), yet Tleaf is not only fluctuating with stomatal closure. It is regulated by several plant parameters and environmental factors. Thermal imaging and different stress indices, incorporating actual leaf/crop temperature and reference temperatures, were developed in previous studies toward normalizing for effects unassociated to water stress on Tleaf, aiming at a more efficient water stress assessment. The concept of stress indices has not been extensively studied on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the different indices employed in previous studies in assessing rosette transpiration rate (E) in Arabidopsis plants grown under two different light environments and subjected to salinity. After salinity imposition, E was gravimetrically quantified, and thermal imaging was employed to quantify rosette (Trosette) and artificial reference temperature (Twet, Tdry). Trosette and several water stress indices were tested for their relation to E. Among the microclimatic growth conditions tested, RWSI1 ([Trosette − Twet]/[Tdry − Twet]) and RWSI2 ([Tdry − Trosette]/[Tdry − Twet]) were well linearly‐related to E, irrespective of the light environment, while the sole use of either Twet or Tdry in different combinations with Trosette returned less accurate results. This study provides evidence that selected combinations of Trosette, Tdry, and Twet can be utilized to assess E under water stress irrespective of the light environment.
Efficacy and safety of hemodialysis strategies for pregnant women with chronic kidney disease: Systematic review
Authors: Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Moreira Roberta de Fátima Carreira , Pacheco Rafael Leite , Latorraca Carolina de Oliveira Cruz , dos Santos Ana Paula Pires , Logullo Patrícia , Riera Rachel
Published: August 2022

Pregnancy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) women is relatively rare, and the less risky choice of hemodialysis is unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of hemodialysis strategies for pregnant CKD women. Sensitive search strategies were applied to six databases without data or language restrictions. Comparative (randomized and non‐randomized) studies were prioritized. Two reviewers independently selected, extracted, and critically evaluated data from studies. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the ROBINS‐I tool, considering the study design (non‐randomized comparative observational studies). The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. From 7210 references identified, six retrospective cohort studies were included (576 women). The effects of intensive hemodialysis (over 20 h/week) are uncertain for maternal and neonatal mortality (Peto odds ratio [OR] 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.26–2.80), miscarriage (Peto OR 0, 38; 95% CI 0.12–1.23), stillbirths (Peto OR 0, 56; 95% CI 0.13–2.31), preterm birth (Peto OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.33–2.28), low birth weight (Peto OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.20–2.50) and congenital anomalies rates. The certainty of the evidence was very low due to studies methodological limitations and effect estimates imprecision. The uncertainty about intensive versus conventional hemodialysis effects for pregnant women with CKD and the imprecision in the estimated effects precludes any recommendation. The strategy choice must consider treatment availability, costs, and maternal social aspects until future studies provide more reliable evidence. PROSPERO CRD42021259237.