bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pecan Biomass and Dairy Manure Utilization: Compost Treatment and Soil In-Situ Comparisons of Selected Pecan Crop and Soil Variables
Authors: Creegan Emily F. , Flynn Robert , Brewer Catherine E. , Heerema Richard J. , Darapuneni Murali , Velasco-Cruz Ciro
Published: July 2023

A compost program was developed on-farm, utilizing tree trimming biomass from a commercial pecan farm comprised of 14-year-old improved cultivar Western Schley pecan (Carya illinoinensis) tree stands. The direct soil application of shredded pecan tree biomass (P) and dairy manure (M) served as a standard on-farm practice. Three composts were produced using P and M with varying levels of other inputs and processing. The PM compost contained only P and M and its production included only weekly turning and watering. The other two composts included P, M, unfinished compost, and clay inputs, and either additional landscaping residues (A) (designated PM/A compost) or “green chop” (on-farm grown legumes, G) (designated PMG/A compost); production of PM/A and PMG/A composts included additional processing steps intended to improve compost quality per the recommendations of a compost consulting company. Soil samples were taken at three depths (0–15 cm, 15–30 cm, 30–61 cm) in November 2017 from the 1.3 ha study plot of trees. The standard practice and compost treatments were applied at approximately 18 t/ha in January 2018 and 2019 at a 15 cm depth. Soils were re-sampled at the end of the two-year study. Composts and soils were analyzed for: pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electrical conductivity, and total carbon, organic matter, magnesium, calcium, sodium, nitrate-N, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), available phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper contents. Pecan tree leaf nutrient content, stem water potential, and leaf greenness were also measured one and two years after soil amendment application. While increases in several soil properties were observed with the treatments, only available phosphorus content was significantly different between pre and post at all depths. Electrical conductivity, TKN, Fe, Cu, SAR, and Na content showed significant differences in the upper soil layers. No differences in leaf properties were observed. This suggests that there are minimal differences in the outcomes for compost application compared to in-situ biomass application; additional compost inputs and processing did not provide additional short-term soil or plant benefits for pecan tree production. More work is needed to determine if there are long-term benefits to soil quality, plant health and performance, or carbon sequestration that impact the economic and environmental decision-making processes for composting and application of local organic wastes.
Complex Agent for Phosphate Sequestration from Digested Sludge Liquor: Performances and Economic Cost Analysis
Authors: Yan Shi , Nie Li , Ren Juan , Wang Wei , Xu Jingtao , Wang Ning , Zhao Qian
Published: July 2023

Phosphorus (P) management in the “water-energy-resource-nexus” in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remains a longstanding challenge. P adsorption from the P-enriched digested sludge liquor (DSL) is a comparatively more practical and economically viable approach for P recovery in WWTPs. However, high concentrations of impurities in DSL might pose a negative and interferential effect on P adsorption, hindering the application of sorbents or precipitation methods. Given such a situation, highly efficient and cost-effective sorbent towards P reclamation from DSL is highly needed. Therefore, this study aims to develop a novel complex agent containing aluminum coagulant and superparamagnetic nano-sorbent (SNS) that can be used in magnetic seeding coagulation for P recovery. The complex agents with different PACl: SNS ratios showed varied turbidity removal rates and P recovery efficiencies and the optimal ratio was 15 mg PACl: 15 g SNS. PAC and SNS showed significant interaction because PAC could enhance P adsorption by shielding the interferential effect of colloidal impurities. In addition, the complex is highly regenerative, with turbidity and P removal rate stably maintained at 70–80% after 10 adsorption/regeneration cycles. The cost–benefit analysis of the dosing complex agent showed a dosing cost of 0.154 EUR/m3, admittedly much higher than the conventional magnetic seeding coagulation, which could probably be covered by the profit if the expensive and rare P product is reclaimed. This work indicated that the complex agent was superior due to its high adsorption capacity, easy separation, and repeated dosing, and therefore had the potential for P recovery from DSL.
Asymmetric Wealth Effect between US Stock Markets and US Housing Market and European Stock Markets: Evidences from TAR and MTAR
Authors: Coelho Pedro , Gomes Luís , Ramos Patrícia
Published: July 2023

Evidence of the asymmetric wealth effect has important implications for investors and continues to merit research attention, not least because much of the evidence based on linear models has been refuted. Indeed, stock and house prices are influenced by economic activity and react non-linearly to positive/negative shocks. This problem justifies our research. The objective of this study is to examine evidence of cointegrations between the US housing and stock markets and between the US and European stock markets, given the international relevance of these exchanges. Using data from 1989:Q1 to 2020:Q2, the Threshold Autoregression model as well as the Momentum Threshold Autoregression model were calculated by combining the US Freddie, DJIA, and SPX indices and the European STOXX and FTSE indices. The results suggest a long-term equilibrium relationship with asymmetric adjustments between the housing market and the US stock markets, as well as between the DJIA, SPX, and FTSE indices. Moreover, the wealth effect is stronger when stock prices outperform house prices above an estimated threshold. This empirical evidence is useful to portfolio managers in their search for non-perfectly related markets that allow investment diversification and control risk exposure across different assets.
COVID-19 as a Jump Start for Industry 4.0? Motivations and Core Areas of Pandemic-Related Investments in Digital Technologies at German Firms
Authors: Butollo Florian , Flemming Jana , Gerber Christine , Krzywdzinski Martin , Wandjo David , Delicat Nina , Herzog Lorena
Published: July 2023

Academic studies prior to the pandemic rather emphasized that the progression towards Industry 4.0 happened in an incremental manner. However, the extraordinary circumstances of the pandemic have led to considerable investments that were widely interpreted as a (generalized) digitalization push. However, little is known about the character of such investments and their effects. The goal of this contribution is to provide an empirically based overview of recent investment in digital technologies in six economic sectors of the German economy: mechanical engineering, chemicals, automotives, logistics, healthcare, and financial services. Based on 36 case studies and a survey at 540 companies, we investigate the following questions: 1. How much did the COVID-19 pandemic reduce existing obstacles for investments in digitalization measures? 2. Is there a universal digitalization push due to the COVID-19 pandemic that differs from the trajectory before the pandemic? The results show that the pandemic affected investment in an unequal manner. It was driven by the immediate need to sustain business operations through the virtualization of communication among employees and with external partners. However, there was less dynamism in shop-floor-related digitalization, as it was less related to epidemiological concerns and is more long-term in nature.
Lasting Impact of COVID-19 on Bariatric Surgery Delivery in North America: A Retrospective International Cohort Study of 349,209 Patients in 902 Centers
Authors: Verhoeff Kevin , Mocanu Valentin , Dang Jerry , Birch Daniel W. , Karmali Shahzeer , Switzer Noah J.
Published: July 2023

COVID-19 resulted in dramatic changes to the delivery of bariatric surgery; however, the lasting effect on current and future delivery remains uncharacterized. We sought to characterize differences and trends in bariatric surgery care and outcomes between 2020 and 2021. The Metabolic and Bariatric Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) collects data from 902 centers in North America. The MBSAQIP database was evaluated, including patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) with two cohorts described: those receiving surgery in 2020 and those in 2021. Patient selection, operative techniques, and outcomes were compared using bivariate analysis. Multivariable modelling evaluated factors including operative year, independently associated with serious complications and mortality. We evaluated 349,209 patients, with 154,960 (44.4% undergoing bariatric surgery during 2020 compared to 194,249 (55.6%) in 2021. This represents a 20.2% year-to-year increase in total cases, and a 20.7% increase in cases per center (178.5 cases/center in 2020 vs. 215.4 cases/center in 2021). Patients receiving bariatric surgery during 2021 were statistically younger with fewer comorbidities compared to 2020; however, differences were small and groups appeared clinically similar. Length of stay continued to decrease (1.4 ± 1.1 days 2020 vs. 1.3 ± 1.2 days 2021, p < 0.001), yet post-operative outcomes remained similar. Bariatric surgical volumes have increased but may still remain inadequate to meet demand, while trends towards selecting younger, healthier patients for bariatric surgery continue. Efforts to recover from the effects of COVID-19 are ongoing, and long-term evaluation of outcomes following these changes will remain important.
The Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic Efficiency and Energy Consumption
Authors: Chen Bokui , Chen Yaohui , Wu Yao , Xiu Yuxuan , Fu Xiao , Zhang Kai
Published: July 2023

This paper studies how autonomous vehicles (AVs) influence future traffic and energy consumption when adopting various route guidance strategies, which can be divided into global information strategies and local information strategies according to the scope of information collection. A mixed traffic flow model is established. Then, an autonomous vehicle model is improved to investigate the impact of six route guidance strategies. The selected strategies are specifically evaluated in a double-route scenario, considering both single-exit and dual-exit configurations. Three indicators are chosen to evaluate traffic efficiency, including traffic flow, average speed and quantity of vehicles. Consumption per unit flux is the indicator of energy consumption level. Simulation results show that autonomous vehicles can improve traffic efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
Multi-Year Monitoring of the Toxicological Risk of Heavy Metals Related to Fish Consumption by the Population of the Kendari Region (Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Authors: Saputri Mimie , Yusnaini Yusnaini , Sara La , Widowati Ita , Guyot Thierry , Fichet Denis , Radenac Gilles
Published: July 2023

This study measured the concentrations of Hg, As, Ni, Cd, and Pb in six fish species commonly consumed in Kendari. Samples were bought within local markets from 2012 to 2017 at the end of the dry season. Results showed that mercury concentrations fluctuated between years and within species, except in the Caranx sexfasciatus, which showed no significant differences (Kruskall–Wallis, p-value > 0.05, df = 5) and an average concentration of 0.371 ± 0.162 µg g−1 DW. Arsenic was found in high concentrations across species and years and varied widely in C. sexfasciatus, the lowest value being 0.32 ± 0.01 µg g−1 DW in 2012 and the highest was 5.63 ± 1.89 µg g−1 DW in 2017. The highest nickel concentrations were found in 2016 across four of the six species. The fish samples displayed very low cadmium and lead concentrations throughout the study. In addition, the potential human health risk due to fish consumption was assessed. This showed that mercury is the only one of the five metals present in concentrations high enough to individually pose a potential hazard, the only metal likely to be accumulated beyond a safe concentration in Kendari. Chanos chanos never posed a toxicological risk based on the results of this research.
Toxic Effects of Methylene Blue on the Growth, Reproduction and Physiology of Daphnia magna
Authors: Li Shuhui , Cui Yixin , Wen Min , Ji Gaohua
Published: July 2023

Methylene blue (MB) is a disinfectant used in aquaculture to prevent and treat fish diseases. However, the release of MB can pose a risk to the receiving water bodies. Zooplankton are the most sensitive organisms among aquatic life. Hence, this study examined the acute and chronic toxic effects of MB on zooplankton using Daphnia magna (D. magna) as a test organism to provide basic data for risk assessment. The results show that 48 h-EC50 and 24 h-LC50 were 61.5 ± 2.3 and 149.0 ± 2.2 μg/L, respectively. Chronic exposure to MB affected the heart rate, beat frequency of the thoracic limbs, and reproductive ability of D. magna at environmental concentrations higher than 4.7 μg/L. The cumulative molts, time to production of the first brood, and total number of living offspring were affected at different MB concentrations, while “abortions” were observed in high-exposure groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased, while glutathione S-transferase activity was stimulated at low concentrations and inhibited at high concentrations. In addition, the malondialdehyde content increased with increasing concentrations of MB. Our findings demonstrate the impact of MB on the reproduction and growth of freshwater species, as well as their physiological responses. These results have implications for establishing guidelines on the use of MB in aquaculture and setting discharge standards.
Stability Constant and Potentiometric Sensitivity of Heavy Metal–Organic Fluorescent Compound Complexes: QSPR Models for Prediction and Design of Novel Coumarin-like Ligands
Authors: Diem-Tran Phan Thi , Ho Tue-Tam , Tuan Nguyen-Van , Bao Le-Quang , Phuong Ha Tran , Chau Trinh Thi Giao , Minh Hoang Thi Binh , Nguyen Cong-Truong , Smanova Zulayho , Casanola-Martin Gerardo M. , Rasulev Bakhtiyor , Pham-The Hai , Cuong Le Canh Viet
Published: July 2023

Industrial wastewater often consists of toxic chemicals and pollutants, which are extremely harmful to the environment. Heavy metals are toxic chemicals and considered one of the major hazards to the aquatic ecosystem. Analytical techniques, such as potentiometric methods, are some of the methods to detect heavy metals in wastewaters. In this work, the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) was applied using a range of machine learning techniques to predict the stability constant (logβML) and potentiometric sensitivity (PSML) of 200 ligands in complexes with the heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. In result, the logβML models developed for four ions showed good performance with square correlation coefficients (R2) ranging from 0.80 to 1.00 for the training and 0.72 to 0.85 for the test sets. Likewise, the PSML displayed acceptable performance with an R2 of 0.87 to 1.00 for the training and 0.73 to 0.95 for the test sets. By screening a virtual database of coumarin-like structures, several new ligands bearing the coumarin moiety were identified. Three of them, namely NEW02, NEW03, and NEW07, showed very good sensitivity and stability in the metal complexes. Subsequent quantum-chemical calculations, as well as physicochemical/toxicological profiling were performed to investigate their metal-binding ability and developability of the designed sensors. Finally, synthesis schemes are proposed to obtain these three ligands with major efficiency from simple resources. The three coumarins designed clearly demonstrated capability to be suitable as good florescent chemosensors towards heavy metals. Overall, the computational methods applied in this study showed a very good performance as useful tools for designing novel fluorescent probes and assessing their sensing abilities.
Multiple Assays on Non-Target Organisms to Determine the Risk of Acute Environmental Toxicity in Tebuconazole-Based Fungicides Widely Used in the Black Sea Coastal Area
Authors: Tofan Lucica , Niță Victor , Nenciu Magda , Coatu Valentina , Lazăr Luminița , Damir Nicoleta , Vasile Daniela , Popoviciu Dan Răzvan , Brotea Alina-Giorgiana , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela Maria , Avramescu Sorin , Aonofriesei Florin
Published: July 2023

The widespread use of Tebuconazole-based fungicides in phytosanitary treatments on a wide range of crops, on the one hand, and the lack of official reports on the amount of fungicide residues in nearby water basins, on the other hand, may lead to uncontrolled and hazardous contamination of water sources used by the resident population, and to serious effects on the environment and public health. Our study explores the acute toxicological risk of this fungicide on various organisms, from bacteria and yeast to fish, using a battery of tests (standardized Toxkit microbiotests and acute semi-static tests). By investigating the interaction between Tebuconazole and bacteria and yeast organisms, we observed that Gram-negative bacteria displayed a strong tolerance for Tebuconazole, while Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts proved to be very sensitive. The fish experiment was conducted on Chelon auratus juveniles exposed to five concentrations of the fungicide Tebustar EW (Tebuconazole, 250 g/L as active substance). After 96 h of exposure, the LC50 for C. auratus was 1.13 mg/L. In the case of the Toxkit microbiotests’ application, the following results were recorded: Spirodela polyrhiza EC50 = 2.204 mg/L (after 72 h exposure), Thamnocephalus platyurus EC50 = 0.115 mg/L (after 24 h), and Daphnia magna EC50 = 2.37 mg/L (after 24–48 h). With the exception of bacteria and yeast, the same response pattern was observed for all non-target species tested; the response range expressed by concentrations causing growth inhibition or mortality was small, ranging between very close values that are quite low, thereby demonstrating the high toxicity of Tebuconazole-based fungicides to the environment.
Discovering Venom-Derived Drug Candidates Using Differential Gene Expression
Authors: Romano Joseph D. , Li Hai , Napolitano Tanya , Realubit Ronald , Karan Charles , Holford Mandë , Tatonetti Nicholas P.
Published: July 2023

Venoms are a diverse and complex group of natural toxins that have been adapted to treat many types of human disease, but rigorous computational approaches for discovering new therapeutic activities are scarce. We have designed and validated a new platform—named VenomSeq—to systematically identify putative associations between venoms and drugs/diseases via high-throughput transcriptomics and perturbational differential gene expression analysis. In this study, we describe the architecture of VenomSeq and its evaluation using the crude venoms from 25 diverse animal species and 9 purified teretoxin peptides. By integrating comparisons to public repositories of differential expression, associations between regulatory networks and disease, and existing knowledge of venom activity, we provide a number of new therapeutic hypotheses linking venoms to human diseases supported by multiple layers of preliminary evidence.
Four Novel Caudoviricetes Bacteriophages Isolated from Baltic Sea Water Infect Colonizers of Aurelia aurita
Authors: Stante Melissa , Weiland-Bräuer Nancy , Repnik Urska , Werner Almut , Bramkamp Marc , Chibani Cynthia M. , Schmitz Ruth A.
Published: July 2023

The moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita is associated with a highly diverse microbiota changing with provenance, tissue, and life stage. While the crucial relevance of bacteria to host fitness is well known, bacteriophages have often been neglected. Here, we aimed to isolate virulent phages targeting bacteria that are part of the A. aurita-associated microbiota. Four phages (Pseudomonas phage BSwM KMM1, Citrobacter phages BSwM KMM2–BSwM KMM4) were isolated from the Baltic Sea water column and characterized. Phages KMM2/3/4 infected representatives of Citrobacter, Shigella, and Escherichia (Enterobacteriaceae), whereas KMM1 showed a remarkably broad host range, infecting Gram-negative Pseudomonas as well as Gram-positive Staphylococcus. All phages showed an up to 99% adsorption to host cells within 5 min, short latent periods (around 30 min), large burst sizes (mean of 128 pfu/cell), and high efficiency of plating (EOP > 0.5), demonstrating decent virulence, efficiency, and infectivity. Transmission electron microscopy and viral genome analysis revealed that all phages are novel species and belong to the class of Caudoviricetes harboring a tail and linear double-stranded DNA (formerly known as Siphovirus-like (KMM3) and Myovirus-like (KMM1/2/4) bacteriophages) with genome sizes between 50 and 138 kbp. In the future, these isolates will allow manipulation of the A. aurita-associated microbiota and provide new insights into phage impact on the multicellular host.
Measles Immunity Status of Greek Population after the Outbreak in 2017–2018: Results from a Seroprevalence National Survey
Authors: Nasika Asimina , Bogogiannidou Zacharoula , Mouchtouri Varvara A. , Dadouli Katerina , Kyritsi Maria A. , Vontas Alexandros , Voulgaridi Ioanna , Tsinaris Zafeiris , Kola Konstantina , Matziri Alexia , Lianos Athanasios G. , Kalala Fani , Petinaki Efthimia , Speletas Matthaios , Hadjichristodoulou Christos
Published: July 2023

Accurate data on susceptibility rates against measles in the general population of Greece are scarce. Many studies have estimated the vaccination coverage, but none have calculated the nationwide immunity rate, including all age groups, against the measles virus. The purpose of our study was to determine the measles immunity status, especially after the latest outbreak in 2017–2018. In total, 3972 leftover blood samples were obtained during 2020–2021. They were collected from a nationwide laboratory network using a geographically stratified sampling strategy and were tested for the presence of measles-specific IgG antibodies. The overall crude seroprevalence was calculated to be 89.6% and the adjusted was 89.8% (95% CI: 88.8–90.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity between sexes (p = 0.783). Higher immunity rates and antibody concentrations were found in older age groups ≥41 years old (94.9%, 95% CI: 93.7–95.9%, and 730.0 mIU/mL) in comparison with younger individuals aged 1–40 years old (83.4%, 95% CI: 81.6–85.7%, and 616.5 mIU/mL). Comparing the seroprevalence among the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 2), a statistically significant difference was estimated among them (<0.001). The two regions where higher measles incidence was observed during the 2017–2018 outbreak, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, and Western Greece, were among the four regions with lower seropositivity (84.6%, 95% CI: 79.9–89.4%, and 85.9%, 95% CI: 81.4–90.4%, respectively). Our study showed a measles immunity gap that affects the younger age groups and makes a new measles outbreak likely. The enforcement of vaccination campaigns and addressing vaccine hesitancy could bridge it and achieve the required target of herd immunity.
Evaluation of Maternal Nutrition Effects in the Lifelong Performance of Male Beef Cattle Offspring
Authors: Cracco Roberta Cavalcante , Ruy Isabela Modolo , Polizel Guilherme Henrique Gebim , Fernandes Arícia Christofaro , Furlan Édison , Baldin Geovana Camila , Santos Gianluca Elmi Chagas , Santana Miguel Henrique de Almeida
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different prenatal nutrition treatments on pregnant cows and their progeny. One hundred and twenty-six pregnant Nellore cows (455.3 ± 8.1 kg) were allocated in three different nutritional treatments during pregnancy: NP—control, PP—protein-energy supplementation in the last 3 months of pregnancy, and FP—the same supplementation throughout pregnancy. After parturition, all cows and calves received the same environmental and nutrition condition. The body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (BFT), and rumpfat thickness (RFT) were collected on four occasions during pregnancy in the cows and from birth to finishing in calves. All data (cows and calves) were submitted to an analysis of variance (p < 0.05) using a linear model (MIXED procedure; SAS software). The BW, RFT, and BCS from the cows showed significant differences in the middle third of pregnancy and pre-delivery and RFT postpartum (p < 0.05). For the offspring, the weaning weight showed a tendency (NP lighter than others). In terms of gain, the PP group tended to be higher in RFT at calving (p = 0.06), in REA at finishing (p = 0.09), and in ADG in the same period (p = 0.09). The prenatal nutrition strategies had little or no effect on the beef cattle postnatal performance.
Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey
Authors: Kirby Ashley J. , Balko Julie A. , Goertz Caroline E. C. , Lewbart Gregory A.
Published: July 2023

Giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) (GPOs) are commonly housed in zoos or aquaria, and sedation, anesthesia, and/or euthanasia may be indicated for a variety of reasons. Despite this need, evidence-based data on best practices is limited and focuses on smaller or more tropical species. The objectives of this study were to survey the aquatic community regarding the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs, with a specific focus on anesthetic and euthanasia protocols. A two-part web-based survey was distributed to four aquatic and/or veterinary email listservs. Individuals from fifty-two institutions participated in phase one. Results documented that 40 (78 percent) participating institutions currently house GPOs, with most housing one and nine institutions housing two to three GPOs. The median (range) habitat volume is 5405 (1893–16,465) L, and 78 percent of systems are closed. Of the institutions surveyed, 23 have anesthetized or sedated a GPO for nonterminal procedures, including wound care, biopsies, and hemolymph collection. Reported methods of sedation or anesthesia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, isoflurane, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, and dexmedetomidine. Drugs or methods used for euthanasia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, mechanical decerebration, pentobarbital, isoflurane, MS-222, magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, potassium chloride, dexmedetomidine, and freezing. Reported observed side effects include ineffectiveness or inadequate sedation, inking, prolonged drug effects, and behavior changes. Survey data have the potential to guide the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs and build the framework for future prospective studies on GPO sedation and anesthesia.
Advances in Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Management in Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Kour Savleen , Sharma Neelesh , N. Balaji , Kumar Pavan , Soodan Jasvinder Singh , Santos Marcos Veiga dos , Son Young-Ok
Published: July 2023

Mastitis causes huge economic losses to dairy farmers worldwide, which largely negatively affects the quality and quantity of milk. Mastitis decreases overall milk production, degrades milk quality, increases milk losses because of milk being discarded, and increases overall production costs due to higher treatment and labour costs and premature culling. This review article discusses mastitis with respect to its clinical epidemiology, the pathogens involved, economic losses, and basic and advanced diagnostic tools that have been used in recent times to diagnose mastitis effectively. There is an increasing focus on the application of novel therapeutic approaches as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy because of the decreasing effectiveness of antibiotics, emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, issue of antibiotic residues in the food chain, food safety issues, and environmental impacts. This article also discussed nanoparticles’/chitosan’s roles in antibiotic-resistant strains and ethno-veterinary practices for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle.
A Review of Effect of Saponins on Ruminal Fermentation, Health and Performance of Ruminants
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E.
Published: July 2023

Saponins are steroid, or triterpene glycoside, compounds found in plants and plant products, mainly legumes. However, some plants containing saponins are toxic. Saponins have both positive and negative roles in animal nutrition. Saponins have been shown to act as membrane-permeabilizing, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic, and defaunating agents in the rumen for the manipulation of ruminal fermentation. Moreover, it has been reported that saponins have impair protein digestion in the gut to interact with cholesterol in the cell membrane, cause cell rupture and selective ruminal protozoa elimination, thus improving N-use efficiency and resulting in a probable increase in ruminant animal performance.
State power and will in the Philosophical-anthropological dimension
Authors:   Department of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies ANO VO “Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy”, Panishchev A.L.
Published: July 2023

This article is devoted to the concept of will, and, first of all, the state. It is emphasized that man by his nature strives to create the form of being that is most consistent with his essence. Such a form is the State. Strong-willed qualities have different ways of manifestation, and their lack or excess can have negative consequences. No less dangerous is the manifestation of will in the conditions of an anthropological crisis, when the volitional application of laws may turn out to be anti-legal, and, therefore, destroying human nature. It is very important that the strong-willed tendencies of society and its political leaders develop in line with the spiritual culture of the nation.
Assessment of the effects and effects of management in agriculture: modern approaches and the impact of digitalization
Authors:   Management and digitalization sector, RNUP ", Kovalev I. L. ,   Institute of System Research in Agriculture, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus",   , Minsk, Kostomakhin M. N. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM", Moscow, Russia, Romanov I. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM", Moscow, Russia
Published: July 2023

The article gives definitions of the concepts "effect" and "efficiency", their features and differences are indicated. Presented and analyzed are the existing modern approaches to determining and evaluating the effectiveness of managerial decisions in various organizational structures of the agro-industrial complex (from agricultural enterprises to executive authorities). The importance of one of the priority areas for today was noted — the introduction of various digital technologies in the agricultural sector to improve management efficiency in the domestic agro-industrial complex at the level of republican, sectoral state programs, as well as various special and sectoral and territorial projects, developments, etc. An extremely important question is raised about the need to improve existing and develop new methods for assessing the effects and effectiveness of management decisions, creating specialized modules of information and analytical systems and software products that simplify data acquisition for multi-criteria assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of existing and already adopted management decisions with the possibility of subsequent wide implementation of these innovations that can dramatically increase the transparency and awareness of stakeholders about the results of an objective assessment of the effects and effectiveness of management decisions.
Issues of creating a system for recycling machinery in the agro-industrial complex
Authors: Gerasimov V. S. , Tishaninov I. A. , Mordasova M. S.
Published: July 2023

The paper reflects the state of issues related to the disposal of agricultural machinery decommissioned, also reflects the legislative framework that provides organizational and economic components in the creation of a system for the disposal of machinery, including agricultural. The shortterm forecasts of the development of an eff ective resource-saving environmentally-oriented recycling system of equipment are considered.
Electronic Money As A Contemporary Financial Product From The Perspective of Islamic Economic Law (Juridical, Philosophical, And Sociological Studies)
Authors: Hidayatullah Muhammad Syarif
Published: July 2023

Electronic money is a means of payment in contemporary financial transactions. This paper aims to analyze the existence of electronic money as a financial product that is part of contemporary economic activity through juridical, philosophical, and sociological studies. In juridical studies, through the study of fiqh muamalah, DSN-MUI has formulated a fatwa on sharia electronic money as an answer to the presence of electronic money in modern economic activities. The fatwa lists the mashadir al-ahkam and Islamic legal maxim related to views on the legality of electronic money. It formulates views on the agreements that apply to electronic money. In philosophical studies through the study of maqashid sharia, the existence of electronic money is related to hifzh al-mâlin terms of security and safeguarding assets in transactions, and during the pandemic in the previous year, hifzh an-nafs also applied, and there are benefits in the framework of maslahah, including the category of maslahah mursalah in the use of electronic money. In addition, in sociological studies through the study of socioeconomic behavior, there was a shift from conventional/ manual payment methods to digital because of the benefits and advantages offered; thus, a cashless culture occurred.Electronic money is a means of payment in contemporary financial transactions. This paper aims to analyze the existence of electronic money as a financial product that is part of contemporary economic activity through juridical, philosophical, and sociological studies. In juridical studies, through the study of fiqh muamalah, DSN-MUI has formulated a fatwa on sharia electronic money as an answer to the presence of electronic money in modern economic activities. The fatwa lists the mashadir al-ahkam and Islamic legal maxim related to views on the legality of electronic money. It formulates views on the agreements that apply to electronic money. In philosophical studies through the study of maqashid sharia, the existence of electronic money is related to hifzh al-mâlin terms of security and safeguarding assets in transactions, and during the pandemic in the previous year, hifzh an-nafs also applied, and there are benefits in the framework of maslahah, including the category of maslahah mursalah in the use of electronic money. In addition, in sociological studies through the study of socioeconomic behavior, there was a shift from conventional/ manual payment methods to digital because of the benefits and advantages offered; thus, a cashless culture occurred
Childfree Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Sosial, Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Keluarga
Authors: Syahriar Alfa , Nafisah Zahrotun , Safitri Dhania Murni , Hanif Muhammad Ichsan Nur
Published: July 2023

This research is intended to examine the effectiveness of childfree from an Islamic and social perspective, then examine its implications for family resilience, when childfree becomes the choice of husband and wife in building a household. The study of childfree in Islam needs to be carried out with the consideration that the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim, so that childfree conflicts with Islamic teachings in the form of marriage, which in essence is to produce offspring. Likewise, in the social realm, there has been a paradigm of society since ancient times, more children, more good fortune, so that it becomes a general understanding that the measure of a family's welfare is heredity, in fact the more offspring the more prosperous it will be. Therefore, this research was conducted using a qualitative approach with the literature study method. In the context of Islamic law, researchers use the maqasid al-shariah theory, while in the social context, they use the theory of structural functionalism. Data analysis in this study used the Miles and Hubberman analysis technique. The results of this study: 1) the basic law of childfree is mubah (permissible), it's just that it doesn't meet the ideal values for a family. 2) Socially, the consequence of childfree is the shallowing of family functions, which has an impact on social functions in society. 3) In the dimensions of the legality of family integrity and social psychology, it can be seen that childfree can affect family resilience.
Between the May 18 Daedong Spirit and the Discourse of Peaceful Unification
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Shin Hoeseop
Published: July 2023

This paper embodies the May 18 Daedong spirit in light of the Korean traditional ideology, the Daedong and Sogang social theories, applies it to the thoughts and actions of citizens at the time to identify the cause of peaceful unification of the two Koreas, and presents a post-ideological methodology. As a research method, we critically consider previous studies related to the May 18 Daedong spirit, and consider the theory of Daedong and Sogang. In addition, the researcher examines the national and democratic values of the May 18 Daedong spirit and introduces the case of social integration of the May 18 Daedong spirit to emphasize national subjectivity as a point of contact between the May 18 Daedong spirit and peaceful unification. Finally, in the conclusion, the necessity and methodology of utilizing the Daedong spirit in efforts for peaceful unification are presented. The ideological discussion of the Daedong spirit can provide a theoretical opportunity to sublimate into a discourse of peaceful unification.
A Study on Nursing Students’ Satisfaction of Community Health Nursing Class Applying Blended Learning
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Oh Suhyun
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of blended learning in community health nursing classes on the learning satisfaction of nursing students. The subjects were 210 nursing department seniors. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN version 21.0. Satisfaction according to class type was highest for blended learning class (3.89), followed by online class (3.66) and offline class (3.58). There was a difference in satisfaction toward blended learning class depending on the general characteristics of the subjects such as satisfaction toward major, interest, and media literacy. The students had the following opinions about blended learning. They responded that the most useful part about blended learning is that online contents are interesting and easy to understand, and also the fact that they can repeatedly watch the videos. They pointed out that time shortage and learning burden are the things that must be improved. This study is significant in that it explored specific methods to use blended learning in community health nursing classes and verified the effects through a survey on the satisfaction of nursing students.
A Study on the Consent of Descriptive, Commanded and Banned Injustice in the Xinaqin-LiangHan[先秦兩漢]
Authors:   Society for International Cultural Institute, Yoon Seock rye
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the consiliency of ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ which combine descriptive negation, command and forbidden negation among the negative meanings of ancient Chinese.
It is to provide the easyness of discrimination by providing the semantics of the word to the learners who complain of the discrimination of ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ having the meaning of the descriptive denial, command and forbidden denial.
There are many previous studies on ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ and ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ still are being studied. As a diachronic consideration, there is a study on the prohibition markers of the period of Chinese in the period of Chinese in the modern times - focusing on ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’. This study investigated the classification by the two-minute method of exemption and prohibition in the sense of the negative form of the 'lecture duty' aspect. The public consideration is “the” law.,This study analyzed the grammar function of negative adverbs '' specifically by using the literature statistical survey of ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’.
This study also analyzed the literary examples of the public disclosures and compared the discriminatory qualities of ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ and ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’ based on the public disclosure.,Furthermore, the semantics of narrative denial, command or forbidden denial were analyzed and the differences in syntactic thoughts were analyzed.,This is to solve the discrimination difficulties of ancient Chinese learners and to analyze the grammar function of ‘勿’, ‘毋’, ‘無’, ‘莫’.
DESAIN SISTEM PEMADAM KEBAKARAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATER SPRAY DAN FOAM SEBAGAI INSTALASI PERLINDUNGAN KEBAKARAN PADA TANGKI TK-7201, TK-7202, DAN TK-7203 PADA PLANT INDUSTRI GRESIK
Authors: Wardani Dianita -
Published: July 2023

Tangki TK-7201, TK-7202, dan TK-7203 berisikan Faaty Alkohol pada plant industri Gresik diketahui belum memiliki alat proteksi terhadap kebakaran serta pada tangki memiliki beberapa resiko tinggi seperti kebocoran atau faktor external yang memungkinkan terjadinya kebakaran. Sehingga dibuthkan media foam untuk pemadaman kebakaran pada permukaan fluida dalam tangki sesuai standar NFPA 11 (Standard for Low Medium and High Expansion Foam) dan didukung dengan media air untuk water spray system sesuai standar NFPA 15 (Standard for water spray system) yang berguna untuk pendinginan serta pencegahan dari kerusakan akibat kebakaran pada tangki lainnya dan diharapkan tidak ikut terbakar. Modeling dimensi nozzle water spray atau sprinkler mengunakan ANSYS dipilih nozzle water spray dengan luaran 9 mm untuk sistem proteksi. Pada desain sistem perpipaan foam mengunakan diameter pipa utama 6 inch dan 4 inch untuk pipa cabang. Pada desain instalasi water spray mengunakan mengunakan pipa ukuran 10 inch untuk pipa utama, ukuran 6 inch untuk pipa cabang, dan ukuran 3 inch untuk pipa pembagi. Instalasi ini menggunakan 39 water nozzle / sprinkler dengan jarak antar nozzle adalah 2 meter. Total headloss pada instalasi water spray didapatkan nilai sebesar 60,18m. Total headloss pada instalasi foam didapatkan nilai sebesar 55,85 m. Pada instalasi sprinkler didapatkan daya pompa hasil perhitungan sebesar 110,97 kW. Pada instalasi foam didapatkan daya pompa hasil perhitungan sebesar 6,27 kW. Pompa yang digunakan pada desain yaitu Ebara 65 x 50 FSJA untuk sistem pemadam foam dan Ebara 250 x 200 FS4NA untuk sistem water spray.

 

Kata kunci: Desain, Fire Fighting Foam, Headloss, NFPA, Water Spray System
Actitudes transdisciplinarias en la práctica docente: el caso de una universidad de la República Mexicana
Authors: Fernández-de-Castro Javier , Galbán-Lozano Sara Elvira , García-Béjar Ligia
Published: July 2023

La transdisciplinariedad es la interrelación simultánea entre disciplinas científicas con la finalidad de comprender el mundo presente y desde una visión de unidad del conocimiento. Surge por la necesidad de solucionar problemas complejos y contrapone la segregación del saber provocada por la formación disciplinar.  El objetivo de este estudio es identificar actitudes transdisciplinarias en la práctica docente universitaria en una institución de educación superior de la República Mexicana. Para ello se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo transversal, con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo, en el que participaron 422 docentes de los tres campus de dicha institución, a quienes se les administró un instrumento para medir actitudes transdisciplinarias. El análisis de los datos reveló que en el equipo docente predominan las actitudes relativas a apertura epistemológica, diálogo, aprendizaje permanente y respeto, siendo las más incipientes las de reflexión, organización y pensamiento complejo. Se observó un desarrolló significativamente mayor en mujeres respecto a actitudes relativas a organización y diálogo, así como mayor rigor intelectual en docentes que trabajan en pregrado y posgrado, que aquéllos que sólo lo hacen en uno de los niveles. Estos resultados son insumos para la generación de estrategias de atracción y formación docente que favorezcan la calidad educativa.
Nonconforming Housing: Housing the Working Class
Authors:   University of Texas at Arlington, Chiessa Dennis Antonio
Published: July 2023

As cities struggle to provide enough adequate housing for their residents, there is a need to develop new ideas and typologies that address the housing crisis directly. Growth in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex [1] continues to provide challenges in addressing housing shortages [2], particularly for cost-burdened communities and those in danger of gentrification, displacement, or chronic homelessness [3]. This project focused on developing contextual infill housing typologies by analyzing the housing stock and context of a neighborhood in Fort Worth, TX. The central question driving the project was: How to design infill housing to increase density in existing single-family urban areas with an aging housing stock, a history of community marginalization, and inadequate zoning that deems many properties as nonconforming or unbuildable?
Cover the Grid
Authors:   The Ohio State University, Bigham Ashley , Herrmann Erik ,   The Ohio State University
Published: July 2023

Cover the Grid is an installation employing temporary marking paint on a timeworn but treasured community lot in North Lawndale, a neighborhood on Chicago’s West Side. Fabricated as part of the 2021 Chicago Architecture Biennial the ephemeral landscape mural leverages cutting-edge tools, low-impact methods, and community engagement to reorganize and enhance a public space with modest resources and a low ecological footprint.
Wiigwaas: Building with Birch in the Great Lakes
Authors:   Wesleyan University, Nakarado Christian
Published: July 2023

Our exploitative models of building and design arise from misconceptions about the relationship between energy and objects. The current emphasis on efficiency, performance, and life cycle assessment are not adequate remedies for the problem. Through an analysis of Anishinaabe material harvesting techniques and building technologies, this paper contends that the lighter methods of low-carbon construction practiced in the Great Lakes region for millennia are ideal alternatives to this flawed conceptualization, because they are clear and direct in their embodiment of energy and material. It includes careful study of material life cycles of traditional birchbark precedents designed to be light and portable, to be assembled quickly, and to decompose gracefully, like wiigwaasi-jiimaanan (canoes), waaginogaan (domed lodges), and makakoon (bark vessels). These models for making hold the potential to redirect prevailing conversations among architects and designers about sustainability, transition, and resilience in ways that are more ecologically responsible and better recognize and value indigenous cultures and material practices.