bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desigualdade de raça/cor e estado nutricional de crianças beneficiárias do programa bolsa família no Maranhão e Brasil
Authors: Dutra Marcos Keylon Mendonça , Silveira Victor Nogueira da Cruz , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca , Zaidan Fernanda Silva , Carvalho Carolina Abreu de
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Segmentos populacionais não-brancos sofrem reconhecida desvantagem socioeconômica, além do componente da desigualdade racial que intensifica a vulnerabilidade desses grupos. Objetivo: Analisar o estado nutricional de acordo com raça/cor e região geográfica entre crianças maranhenses e brasileiras beneficiárias do PBF. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com dados do estado nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos beneficiárias do PBF acompanhadas pelo Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional em 2017 no Brasil. Resultados: A raça/cor indígena apresentou as maiores prevalências de desnutrição em todas as regiões avaliadas e as menores prevalências de excesso de peso, exceto na Região Sul. As raças/cor preta e amarela apresentaram as maiores prevalências de desnutrição conseguintes. As raças/cor amarela e branca também figuraram com elevadas prevalências de excesso de peso. O Maranhão obteve prevalências de desnutrição e excesso de peso superiores e inferiores, respectivamente, ao Brasil em todas as raças/cor. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo apontam a existência de desigualdade de raça/cor no estado nutricional das crianças avaliadas. Destaca-se a maior vulnerabilidade das crianças indígenas à desnutrição.
Conhecimento e atuação de nutricionistas da alimentação escolar sobre dietas sustentáveis
Authors: Triches Rozane Marcia , De Brito Izabela Caroline
Published: February 2022

Introdução: Questões sobre sustentabilidade no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar estão cada vez mais prementes e o profissional nutricionista é chave nesse processo. Objetivos: Verificar o conhecimento, as ações e a importância dada às dimensões das dietas sustentáveis de nutricionistas que atuam na alimentação escolar no sudoeste e oeste do estado do Paraná. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, feita a partir de questionário on-line sobre conhecimentos, importância e ações de sustentabilidade, respondido por 32 nutricionistas. Foi utilizado software PSPP para análises descritivas e teste de Mann Whitney. Resultados: Verificou-se que a maioria (62,5%) não teve formação acadêmica sobre o assunto e pondera não ter conhecimentos suficientes sobre dietas sustentáveis. Embora todos considerem de muita ou média importância os aspectos de sustentabilidade, a dimensão ambiental foi a que obteve menor percentual de “muita importância” (75%). Em relação às ações, observou-se que as que obtiveram maior aderência dos nutricionistas eram as relativas ao cumprimento de legislações e à economicidade. Encontrou-se associação significativa (p<0,05) entre a importância dada à dimensão econômica e a quantidade de ações propositivas de sustentabilidade realizadas pelos nutricionistas. Os dados demonstram que os profissionais que realizam mais ações sustentáveis tendem a ser aqueles mais preocupados com os aspectos econômicos do que propriamente com aspectos ambientais. Conclusão: Há necessidade de formação e sensibilização destes profissionais sobre dietas sustentáveis para que possam compreender melhor o que isso abrange e tenham mais clareza sobre as ações que devem realizar para alcançar a sustentabilidade, além de mais recursos financeiros para tal.
“Salir del closet de la blanquitud”: experiencias racializadas de practicantes de candombe afrouruguayo en el Litoral argentino
Authors: Broguet Julia
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo se inscribe en una investigación doctoral más amplia que examinó cómo la expansión de una manifestación cultural considerada "negra" –el candombe afrouruguayo– en tres ciudades del Litoral argentino –Paraná, Santa Fe y Rosario- comprendió un creciente cuestionamiento de la construcción de blanquitud del contexto social y cultural al cual arribó. En esta ocasión nos proponemos exponer los replanteos identitarios que generó el encuentro con el candombe afrouruguayo entre sus practicantes locales, en particular cómo este proceso de construcción social de la blanquitud se inscribió en su cotidiano, describir las dificultades para adecuarse a tal ideal y el desafío y la transformación que representó la incorporación del candombe en sus vidas. A tal fin señalamos el papel de nociones como “comunidad” y “filiación” en los interrogantes formulados por las agrupaciones locales y los sentidos étnico-raciales/espaciales específicos que adquieren en el contexto estudiado. De este modo describimos sus cuestionamientos a la persistente marginación de las procedencias mestizas/afromestizas/negras de sus memorias familiares pero también de la historia en común con la que se identifican al reconocerse “argentinos/as”.
Dual modality of vertebral body tethering
Authors: Bernard Jason , Bishop Timothy , Herzog Jan , Haleem Shahnawaz , Lupu Cristina , Ajayi Bisola , Lui Darren F.
Published: February 2022

Aims

Vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a non-fusion technique to correct scoliosis. It allows correction of scoliosis through growth modulation (GM) by tethering the convex side to allow concave unrestricted growth similar to the hemiepiphysiodesis concept. The other modality is anterior scoliosis correction (ASC) where the tether is able to perform most of the correction immediately where limited growth is expected.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological data of 20 patients aged between 9 and 17 years old, (with a 19 female: 1 male ratio) between January 2014 to December 2016 with a mean five-year follow-up (4 to 7).

Results

There were ten patients in each group with a total of 23 curves operated on. VBT-GM mean age was 12.5 years (9 to 14) with a mean Risser classification of 0.63 (0 to 2) and VBT-ASC was 14.9 years (13 to 17) with a mean Risser classification of 3.66 (3 to 5). Mean preoperative VBT-GM Cobb was 47.4° (40° to 58°) with a Fulcrum unbend of 17.4 (1° to 41°), compared to VBT-ASC 56.5° (40° to 79°) with 30.6 (2° to 69°)unbend. Postoperative VBT-GM was 20.3° and VBT-ASC Cobb angle was 11.2°. The early postoperative correction rate was 54.3% versus 81% whereas Fulcrum Bending Correction Index (FBCI) was 93.1% vs 146.6%. The last Cobb angle on radiograph at mean five years’ follow-up was 19.4° (VBT-GM) and 16.5° (VBT-ASC). Patients with open triradiate cartilage (TRC) had three over-corrections. Overall, 5% of patients required fusion. This one patient alone had a over-correction, a second-stage tether release, and final conversion to fusion.

Conclusion

We show a high success rate (95%) in helping children avoid fusion at five years post-surgery. VBT is a safe technique for correction of scoliosis in the skeletally immature patient. This is the first report at five years that shows two methods of VBT can be employed depending on the skeletal maturity of the patient: GM and ASC. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(2):123–129.
Numerical evaluation of high-energy, laser-Compton x-ray sources for contrast enhancement and dose reduction in clinical imaging via gadolinium-based K-edge subtraction
Authors: Reutershan Trevor , Effarah Haytham H. , Lagzda Agnese , Barty C. P. J.
Published: February 2022

Conventional x-ray sources for medical imaging utilize bremsstrahlung radiation. These sources generate large bandwidth (BW) x-ray spectra with large fractions of photons that impart a dose, but do not contribute to image production. X-ray sources based on laser-Compton scattering can have inherently small energy BWs and can be tuned to low dose-imparting energies, allowing them to take advantage of atomic K-edge contrast enhancement. This paper investigates the use of gadolinium-based K-edge subtraction imaging in the context of mammography using a laser-Compton source through simulations quantifying contrast and dose in such imaging systems as a function of laser-Compton source parameters. Our simulations indicate that a K-edge subtraction image generated with a 0.5% BW (FWHM) laser-Compton x-ray source can obtain an equal contrast to a bremsstrahlung image with only 3% of the dose.
Optical nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal photonic devices with directional four-wave mixing effect
Authors: Shui Tao , Yang Wen-Xing , Cheng Mu-Tian , Lee Ray-Kuang
Published: February 2022

A scheme for magnetic-free optical nonreciprocity in an ensemble of four-level cold atoms is proposed by exploiting the directional four-wave mixing effect. Using experimentally achievable parameters, the nonreciprocal optical responses of the system can be observed and the conversion on nonreciprocal transmission and nonreciprocal phase shift can be implemented. These nonreciprocal phenomena originate from the directional phase matching, which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and dynamic reciprocity of the cold atomic system. Moreover, by embedding the cold atoms into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and choosing proper parameters, a two-port optical isolator with an isolation ratio of 79.70 dB and an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and a four-port optical circulator with a fidelity of 0.9985 and a photon survival probability of 0.9278 can be realized, which shows the high performance of isolation and circulation. The proposal may enable a new class of optically controllable cavity-free nonreciprocal devices in optical signal processing at the low light level.
Artificial-noise aided secure transmission over visible light communication system under coexistent passive and active eavesdroppers
Authors: Shi Ge , Li Yong , Cheng Wei , Gao Xiang , Dong Limeng
Published: February 2022

In this paper, secure transmission over multiple-input single-output visible light communication system under coexistent passive and active eavesdroppers (Eves) is studied. To enhance the achievable secrecy rate of this system given statistical channel state information (CSI) error model for the passive Eves-related channels, a robust artificial-noise (AN) based transmit strategy is proposed and a secrecy rate maximization problem subject to secrecy-outage-probability constraint, sum power constraint, and peak amplitude constraint is formulated. To solve this non-convex problem, a conservative approximation is presented to replace the probabilistic constraint and unbounded CSI error with worst-case secrecy constraints and spherically-bounded CSI errors, respectively. Then, semi-definite relaxation,

S

-procedure, and a Golden search-based algorithm are proposed to solve the approximated problem with fast convergence and low complexity. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms the other AN-aided and non-AN method for the coexistent active and passive Eves case, especially when the power budget is high.
Mid-infrared DMD-based spectral-coding spectroscopy with a supercontinuum laser source
Authors: Gattinger Paul , Zorin Ivan , Ebner Alexander , Rankl Christian , Brandstetter Markus
Published: February 2022

We present a mid-infrared spectroscopic system based on a spectral-coding approach enabled by a modified digital micromirror device (DMD). A supercontinuum source offering a confined mid-infrared laser beam is employed to perform gas measurements with this system. The performance, flexibility, and programmability enabled by the DMD is experimentally demonstrated by gas-cell measurements (CO2, CH4, N2O, NO2 and CO). Full spectra are acquired in 14 ms at 10 nm spectral resolution and in 3.5 ms at 40 nm spectral resolution. Further, we employ the system for stand-off open-path spatially resolved CO2 measurements that fully exploit the laser emission properties – the bright and highly-collimated supercontinuum beam is scanned by a galvo mirror over a retroreflector array at a scalable remote distance. The measurement concept models a passing gas emitter under lab conditions; time and spatially resolved CO2 absorbance gas-plume images in the mid-infrared range are obtained.
Giving birth: A hermeneutic study of the expectations and experiences of healthy primigravid women in Switzerland
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Frank Franziska , Meyer Yvonne , Pehlke-Milde Jessica , Zsindely Piroska , Thorn-Cole Harriet , de Labrusse Claire
Published: February 2022

Switzerland experiences one of the highest caesarean section rates in Europe but it is unclear why and when the decision is made to perform a caesarean section. Many studies have examined from a medical and physiological point of view, but research from a women’s standpoint is lacking. Our aim was to develop a model of the emerging expectations of giving birth and the subsequent experiences of healthy primigravid women, across four cantons in Switzerland. This longitudinal study included 30 primigravidae from the German speaking, 14 from the French speaking and 14 from the Italian speaking cantons who were purposively selected. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews taking place around 22 and 36 weeks of pregnancy and six weeks and six months postnatally. Following Gadamer’s hermeneutic, which in this study comprised 5 stages, a model was developed. Four major themes emerged: Decisions, Care, Influences and Emotions. Their meandering paths and evolution demonstrate the complexity of the expectations and experiences of women becoming mothers. In this study, women’s narrated mode of birth expectations did not foretell how they gave birth and their lived experiences. A hermeneutic discontinuity arises at the 6 week postnatal interview mark. This temporary gap illustrates the bridge between women’s expectations of birth and their actual lived experiences, highlighting the importance of informed consent, parent education and ensuring women have a positive birth and immediate postnatal experiences. Other factors than women’s preferences should be considered to explain the increasing caesarean section rates.
The exercise-induced inflammatory response in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baker Kelly A. , Miller Timothy D. , Marino Frank E. , Hartmann Tegan E.
Published: February 2022

Background

This study investigated selected inflammatory responses to acute and chronic exercise in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on all relevant exercise-based intervention publications with IBD participants. The study included articles that utilised a broad range of acute and chronic exercise interventions, with inflammatory biomarkers measured and symptoms documented, both pre- and post-exercise for those with IBD. The search was limited to studies published in English, the use of human participants, and primary studies, with no restrictions on date of publication or participant’s age. Articles were retrieved through the electronic databases: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. This study adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Six inflammatory markers were included in the meta-analysis which consisted of five studies. Exercise interventions resulted in no significant difference in IL-6 (SMD= -0.09; 95%CI= -0.49, 0.30;P= 0.64), TNF-α (SMD= 0.08; 95%CI= -0.31, 0.48;P= 0.68), CRP (SMD= -0.04; 95%CI= -0.58, 0.50;P= 0.89), IL-17 (SMD= 0.15; 95%CI= -0.45, 0.76;P= 0.62), leukocytes (SMD= 0.40; 95%CI= -0.53, 1.33;P= 0.40) or lymphocytes (SMD= 0.32; 95%CI= -0.33, 0.97;P= 0.33), thus, indicating exercise may have no effect on inflammatory markers in IBD. Bowel symptoms improved following regular moderate exercise that incorporated stress management.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity among the identified literature may have led to exercise interventions being ineffective in reducing inflammation. Although the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of results, it emphasises the need for additional research in this domain. Importantly, no adverse symptomatic responses to exercise indicate that exercise is safe for IBD patients.
Neural management plus advice to stay active on clinical measures and sciatic neurodynamic for patients with chronic sciatica: Study protocol for a controlled randomised clinical trial
Authors: Corrêa Leticia Amaral , Bittencourt Juliana Valentim , Mainenti Pagnez Maria Alice , Mathieson Stephanie , Saragiotto Bruno Tirotti , Telles Gustavo Felicio , Meziat-Filho Ney , Calazans Nogueira Leandro Alberto
Published: February 2022

Advice to stay active is the primary management strategy for sciatica. Other conservative treatments such as neural management techniques may also contribute to sciatica recovery, but currently, the effects have not been robustly assessed. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the effects of adding neural management to advice to stay active versus advice to stay active alone in improving pain intensity and functional limitation. Secondarily, to compare the effects of the experimental intervention in the sciatic neurodynamic, pain modulation, and psychosocial factors. A parallel-group, controlled, examiner-blinded superiority clinical trial randomised at a 1:1 allocation will be conducted in 210 participants with chronic sciatica. Patients will be recruited from outpatient physiotherapy clinics and community advertisements. The experimental group will receive neural mobilisation techniques and soft tissue mobilisation techniques for 30 minutes per session, 10 weekly sessions, plus advice to stay active on their activities of daily living, information on physical activity, imaging tests, and sciatica for 5 biweekly sessions lasting 25–30 minutes. The control group will receive advice to stay active only. The re-evaluation will be performed out after 5 weeks, 10 weeks, and 26 weeks after randomisation and primary endpoints will be pain intensity and functional limitation at 10 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include neuropathic symptoms, sciatic neurodynamic, pain modulation, and psychosocial factors. Adverse events and patient satisfaction will be assessed. Ethical approval has been granted from an Institutional Human Research Ethics Committee.

Trial registration: Trial was prospectively registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (number: RBR-3db643c).
Association between Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis and Secondary Infertility in Cameroon: A case-control study
Authors: Mbah Clarisse Engowei , Jasani Amy , Aaron Kristal J. , Akoachere Jane-Francis , Tita Alan T. N. , Geisler William M. , Van Der Pol Barbara , Dionne-Odom Jodie , Ngeudia Jules Clement Assob
Published: February 2022

Objective

Data on the prevalence and etiology of infertility in Africa are limited. Secondary infertility is particularly common, defined as the inability of a woman to conceive for at least one year following a full-term pregnancy. We describe a prospective study conducted in Cameroon designed to test the hypothesis of an association between common treatable sexually transmitted infections (STI): Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and secondary infertility in women.

Methods

In this case-control study, we enrolled women in Fako Division, Cameroon between November 2017 and December 2018 with secondary infertility (cases) or current pregnancy (controls). We conducted a baseline survey to collect sociodemographic, and sexual and medical history information. Nucleic acid amplification testing using Aptima (Hologic, San Diego, CA, US) was performed on endocervical swabs for CT, NG, MG, and TV. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between active STI and secondary infertility.

Results

A total of 416 women were enrolled: 151 cases and 265 controls. Compared to controls, cases were older (median age 32 vs 27 years) and had more lifetime sexual partners (median 4 vs 3) (p<0.001). Cases were more likely to report dyspareunia, abnormal menses, prior miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy (all p<0.05). STI positivity was not significantly different among cases and controls (2.7% vs 5.4% for CT, 1.3% vs 2.9% for NG, 6.0% vs 7.0% for MG, respectively), with the exception of TV which was more common in pregnant controls (0.7% vs 5%; p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Study findings did not support an association between active STI and secondary infertility in Cameroon. Given high rates of pre-existing tubal damage, routine STI screening and treatment in younger women may be more impactful than costly STI testing during infertility assessments.
Children and young people’s beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia: A qualitative study informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation
Authors: Brooks Helen , Windfuhr Kirsten , Irmansyah  , Prawira Benny , Desyadi Putriningtyas Dyah Afina , Lovell Karina , Bangun Susi Rutmalem , Syarif Armaji Kamaludi , Manik Christa Gumanti , Savitri Tanjun Ira , Salim Soraya , Renwick Laoise , Pedley Rebecca , Bee Penny
Published: February 2022

Background

Mental illness is a leading cause of disease burden amongst children and young people (CYP). This is exacerbated in low- and middle-income (LMIC) countries which often have embryonic care structures. Understanding and targeting illness beliefs is a potentially efficacious way of optimising the development of health prevention interventions. These beliefs remain relatively underexplored in CYP in LMIC contexts. Aim: To develop an in-depth understanding of CYPs beliefs about mental health and illness in Indonesia.

Methods and findings

Semi-structured interviews (n = 43) combined with photo elicitation methodology were undertaken with CYP aged 11–15 from Java, Indonesia. Our sample comprised those living with (n = 19) and without (n = 24) high prevalence mental health conditions, specifically anxiety or depression. Data were analysed using framework analysis, informed by the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation of Health and Illness. Positive mental health and illness were dichotomised in accounts with mental health typically characterised as an absence of mental disturbance. This contributed to attributions of abnormality and the marginalisation of those with mental illness. Mental illness was conceptualised as a single entity, commonly arising from individual failings. This prompted feelings of self-stigma in those with lived experience of mental illness. Analysis identified marked differences in the perceived time dimensions of positive mental health and illness with mental illness conceived as less transient than episodes of positive mental health. Illness beliefs appeared relatively consistent across the two groups of CYP although some nuanced differences were identified. CYP with anxiety and depression were less likely to believe that mental illness could be diagnosed visually, more likely to uphold multiple causal factors and endorse the potential efficacy of professional input.

Conclusions

Public health interventions to increase understanding may be necessary to develop healthcare systems to reduce treatment barriers, optimise return on investment and enhance population health effect.
Acceptability and feasibility of the NPS MedicineWise mobile phone application in supporting medication adherence in patients with chronic heart failure: Protocol for a pilot study
Authors: Chapman-Goetz Jessica , Packham Nerida , Gabb Genevieve , Potts Cassandra , Yu Kitty , Prosser Adaire , Hotham Elizabeth , Suppiah Vijayaprakash
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Heart failure (HF) is an increasing global concern. Despite evidence-based pharmacotherapy, morbidity and mortality remain high in HF. Medication non-adherence is a crucial factor in optimising clinical outcomes. A growing number of smartphone applications (apps) assist management. While evidence support their use to promote treatment adherence, apps alone may not be the solution. The objective of this pilot study is to assess the acceptability and feasibility of a tiered intervention added to the NPS MedicineWise dose reminder app (MedicineWise app) in supporting medication adherence in HF.

Methods and analysis

This prospective, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial will recruit 55 Australian patients with HF to be randomly assigned to either intervention (MedicineWise app + usual care) or control (usual care alone) arm. Control participants will remain unaware of the intervention throughout the study. At baseline, intervention participants will be instructed in the MedicineWise app. A reminder will then prompt medication administration at each dosing interval. If non-adherence is suggested from 24 hourly reports (critical medications) or 72 hours (non-critical medications), the individual/s will be escalated through a tiered, pharmacist-led intervention. The primary outcome will be the acceptability and feasibility of this approach in supporting adherence. Between-group comparison of the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS) at baseline, 3 and 6 months will be used to measure the app’s value in supporting adherence. Secondary outcome measures include self-reported medication adherence and knowledge, health-related quality of life, psychological wellbeing, signs and symptoms of HF, and medication and HF knowledge.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol received ethics approval from Central Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol number R20190302) and University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (Protocol number 202450). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Clinical trial number: ACTRN12619000289112p (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12619000289112p.aspx)
Equilibrium properties of E. coli lactose permease symport—A random-walk model approach
Authors: Sun Haoran
Published: February 2022

The symport of lactose and H+ is an important physiological process in E. coli, for it is closely related to cellular energy supply. In this paper, we review, extend and analyse a newly proposed cotransport model that takes the “leakage” phenomenon (uncoupled particle translocation) into account and also satisfies the static head equilibrium condition. Then, we use the model to study the equilibrium properties, including equilibrium solution and the time required to reach equilibrium, of the symport process of E. coli LacY protein, when varying the parameters of the initial state of cotransport system. It can be found that in our extended model, H+ and lactose will reach their equilibrium state separately, and when “leakage” exists, it linearly affects the equilibrium solution, which is a useful property that the original model does not have. We later investigated the effect of the volume of periplasm and cytoplasm on the equilibrium properties. For a certain E. coli cell, as it continues to lose water and contract, the time for cytoplasm pH to be stabilized by symport increases monotonically when the cell survives. Finally, we reproduce the experimental data from a literature to verify the validity of the extension in this symport process. The above phenomena and other findings in this paper may help us to not only further validate or improve the model, but also deepen our understanding of the cotransport process of E. coli LacY protein.
Crowding Out Effects of Alcohol Consumption Expenditure on Household Resource Allocation in Malawi
Authors: Jolex Aubrey , Kaluwa Ben
Published: February 2022

The study used Quasi maximum likelihood estimation (QMLE) on a nationally representative household level data set to estimate the effect of alcohol consumption expenditure on a set of expenditure proportions of other commodities. The results indicate that, the low-income, including the rural population, spent proportionately more on alcohol than their well-off and urban counterparts. Furthermore, the consumption of alcohol crowded-out expenditures on consumer non-durable (food and beverages), durable (housing) and essential services (education). The crowding out of these expenditures clearly has negative impacts on the wellbeing of individuals within households and communities through misallocated household resources. The strong, unequivocal message coming out of the results obtained in this study is that certainly for poorer countries alcohol consumption is inimical to household poverty reduction.
Effect of dietary protein levels on the growth, enzyme activity, and immunological status of Culter mongolicus fingerlings
Authors: Qian Jing , Xiao Lingjun , Feng Kai , Li Wei , Liao Chuansong , Zhang Tanglin , Liu Jiashou
Published: February 2022

A 65-day growth trial was conducted to investigate the dietary protein requirements for Culter mongolicus fingerlings. Isolipidic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with five dietary protein levels (32%, 37%, 42%, 47%, and 52%). Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 70 C. mongolicus fingerlings (0.99±0.08 g). The results indicated that weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing dietary protein levels up to 47%. The activities of intestinal trypsin and lipase were the lowest in the 32% protein and 52% protein groups, while amylase activity reduced markedly in the 47% protein group. These results suggest that different dietary protein levels may cause different transformations of nutrients. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lysozyme were not affected by varying dietary protein levels, except for those in the 32% protein group. In contrast, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased with increasing dietary protein levels and reaching a maximum in the 52% protein group, suggesting that MDA accumulation depends on the protein concentration and the potential oxidative stress. Taken together, based on the broken-line analysis of SGR, we recommended the optimum dietary protein for C. mongolicus fingerlings to be 48.97%~49.31%.
Two forms of yawning modulation in three months old infants during the Face to Face Still Face paradigm
Authors: Menin Damiano , Aureli Tiziana , Dondi Marco
Published: February 2022

The last decades have seen an increasing interest in the phenomenon of yawning and the dynamics of its modulation, yet no widespread consensus exists on its origins and potential functions. Although most scholars have focused on its potential physiological functions, e.g., related to thermoregulation, arousal modulation or cortisol levels and distress, an emerging line of research has been also investigating the social implications of yawning, including its hypothesized relationship with empathy. In order to explore the dynamics of yawning modulation in infants, we investigated whether a social perturbation–like the one induced by the Face to Face Still Face paradigm, a procedure designed to assess socio-emotional regulation in infants–affects yawning and self-touch hand movements behavior in three-months old infants. As the Still Face episode represents a source of mild distress, we hypothesized that during this phase yawns would be more frequent. Moreover, through the use of path analysis, we investigated potential dynamics of facilitation, inhibition or covariance between the frequencies of these behavioral patterns. Our results showed a sharp increase in self-touch hand movements as well as in the likelihood of yawning during the stressful phase of the procedure (still-face) compared with the two minutes of face-to-face interaction and the reunion episode. Regressions also showed a higher incidence of yawns among girls, consistently with the hypothesis that the analysis of yawning behavior might capture subtle differences in regulatory strategies of infants, possibly related to the transient sex-specific activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis known as mini-puberty. The path analysis showed a greater consistency between the frequencies of self-touch hand movements during the three episodes of the procedure, compared with yawning. This finding could be a result of distinct yawning-regulating mechanisms being at play in different conditions, e.g., a modulation related to stress and one to social interaction. Taken together, these results suggest that human yawning regulation is an irreducibly complex and multifaceted phenomenon since early age. Moreover, the gender differences highlighted might suggest an early diversification in yawning modulation.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the physician education program on primary palliative care in heart failure
Authors: Shibata Tatsuhiro , Oishi Shogo , Mizuno Atsushi , Ohmori Takashi , Okamura Tomonao , Kashiwagi Hideyuki , Sakashita Akihiro , Kishi Takuya , Obara Hitoshi , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: February 2022

Major cardiology societies’ guidelines support integrating palliative care into heart failure (HF) care. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the HEart failure Palliative care Training program for comprehensive care providers (HEPT), a physician education program on primary palliative care in HF. We performed a pre- and post-test survey to evaluate HEPT outcomes. Physician-reported practices, difficulties and knowledge were evaluated using the Palliative Care Self-Reported Practices Scale in HF (PCPS-HF), Palliative Care Difficulties Scale in HF (PCDS-HF), and Palliative care knowledge Test in HF (PT-HF), respectively. Structural equation models (SEM) were used to estimate path coefficients for PCPS-HF, PCDS-HF, and PT-HF. A total of 207 physicians participated in the HEPT between February 2018 and July 2019, and 148 questionnaires were ultimately analyzed. The total PCPS-HF, PCDS-HF, and PT-HF scores were significantly improved 6 months after HEPT completion (61.1 vs 67.7, p<0.001, 54.9 vs 45.1, p<0.001, and 20.8 vs 25.7, p<0.001, respectively). SEM analysis showed that for pre-post difference (Dif) PCPS-HF, “clinical experience of more than 14 years” and pre-test score had significant negative effects (-2.31, p = 0.048, 0.52, p<0.001, respectively). For Dif PCDS-HF, ≥ “28 years old or older” had a significant positive direct effect (13.63, p<0.001), although the pre-test score had a negative direct effect (-0.56, p<0.001). For PT-HF, “involvement in more than 50 HF patients’ treatment in the past year” showed a positive direct effect (0.72, p = 0.046), although the pre-test score showed a negative effect (-0.78, p<0.001). Physicians who completed the HEPT showed significant improvements in practice, difficulty, and knowledge scales in HF palliative care.
New regularity coefficients
Authors: Barreira Luis , Valls Claudia
Published: February 2022

We give two new characterizations of the notion of Lyapunov regularity in terms of the lower and upper exponential growth rates of the singular values. These characterizations motivate the introduction of new regularity coefficients. In particular, we establish relations between these regularity coefficients and the Lyapunov regularity coefficient. Moreover, we construct explicitly bounded sequences of matrices attaining specific values of the new regularity coefficients.
Global existence and blow-up for semilinear parabolic equation with critical exponent in

R

N
Authors: Fang Fei , Zhang Binlin
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we use the self-similar transformation and the modified potential well method to study the long time behaviors of solutions to the classical semilinear parabolic equation associated with critical Sobolev exponent in

R

N

. Global existence and finite time blowup of solutions are proved when the initial energy is in three cases. When the initial energy is low or critical, we not only give a threshold result for the global existence and blowup of solutions, but also obtain the decay rate of the

L
2

norm for global solutions. When the initial energy is high, sufficient conditions for the global existence and blowup of solutions are also provided. We extend the recent results which were obtained in [R. Ikehata, M. Ishiwata, T. Suzuki, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 27(2010), No. 3, 877–900].
Uniqueness criteria for ordinary differential equations with a generalized transversality condition at the initial condition
Authors: Cid José Ángel , López Pouso Rodrigo , Rodríguez-López Jorge
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we present some uniqueness results for systems of ordinary differential equations. All of them are linked by a weak transversality condition at the initial condition, which generalizes those in the previous literature. Several examples are also provided to illustrate our results.
Long-term behavior of nonautonomous neutral compartmental systems
Authors: Novo Sylvia , Villarragut Víctor
Published: February 2022

The asymptotic behavior of the trajectories of compartmental systems with a general set of admissible initial data is studied. More precisely, these systems are described by families of monotone nonautonomous neutral functional differential equations with nonautonomous operator. We show that the solutions asymptotically exhibit the same recurrence properties as the transport functions and the coefficients of the neutral operator. Conditions for the cases in which the delays in the neutral and non neutral parts are different, as well as for other cases unaddressed in the previous literature are also obtained.
¿Feminismo sin sujeto? Culpa, empoderamiento y nuevos feminismos
Authors: Aguilera-Mellado Pedro A.
Published: February 2022

Este artículo defiende la posibilidad de un “feminismo sin sujeto” siguiendo la estela de la propuesta del “Feminismo de lo común” de Cristina Moreiras-Menor y el “Infrafeminismo” de Gabriela Méndez Cota. La primera parte del artículo desmonta la sincronía entre el sentimiento de culpa y el concepto de deuda en el contexto de lo que Walter Benjamin y Werner Hamacher denominaron “Capitalismo como religión”. Este análisis se desarrolla de la mano del documental Tres Mujeres, del cineasta Alexis Delgado Búrdalo. A continuación, bajo la influencia de la filósofa Catherine Malabou y la escritora española Marta Sanz, el autor relaciona la primera parte de su análisis a la noción de “empoderamiento” en la medida en que éste constituye una supuesta subjetividad (femenina). A partir del análisis sobre la culpa y el empoderamiento en la subjetivación femenina, se infiere una apuesta por la descentralización de la noción de sujeto en las reivindicaciones feministas. La posibilidad de pensar un “feminismo sin sujeto” no critica ni impide las demandas concretas y materiales feministas, sino que cuestiona la subjetivación de nuestra existencia y cuestiona asimismo que la liberación femenina se limite a la demanda y al empoderamiento de los sujetos. En última instancia, se propone despejar la existencia libre y singular no cubierta por la subjetividad.
Geografías interiores, cuerpos-hablantes y texturas visuales de la depresión:El manifiesto corpóreo nepantlistade Laura Aguilar (1959-2018)
Authors: Maiz-Peña Magdalena
Published: February 2022

Este ensayo investiga la producción de life-writing fotográfica y videográfica, de la artista chicana queer Laura Aguilar (1959-2018) examina su performatividad corpórea afectiva como estrategia decisiva de apropiación, resistencia y agencia ante su dislexia auditiva, depresión crónica y cuerpo moreno desbordado. El ensayo propone que Laura Aguilar, desde lo que la crítica de arte Amelia Jones identifica como vulnerabilidad radical, inscribe en su performatividad corpórea fotográfica y videográfica un manifiesto de life-writing íntimo situado que reclama borraduras de su memoria adolorida.
Trashed Beauty: Abjection and Burned Females in Mariana Enríquez’s The Things We Lost in the Fire
Authors: Orta Yuliana M. Ramos
Published: February 2022

The Things We Lost in the Fire presents a wave of femicides in Argentina, committed by men burning and deforming women, leaving them to die or to become disabled. As a protest to these femicides, a group of women devises a vendetta by resignifying a past ritual: they start burning themselves at the stake. With their disabled bodies, these women disrupt the patriarchal expectations about beauty and femininity. Using Kristeva’s abjection theory alongside disability study theories, I will demonstrate how “trashed” beauty and disability can represent a liberation from heteronormative aesthetic expectations, as well as how these bodies reimagine female identity.
Aportes de la historia de la ciencia a la construcción de explicaciones en el aula
Authors: Paredes-Arturo Nayibe-Mabel , García-Martínez Álvaro
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una investigación desarrollada con un grupo de docentes de ciencias naturales en ejercicio de la Institución Educativa Libertad (Pasto, Nariño). Tuvo como objetivo analizar el diseño de actividades que generan los profesores al explicar el fenómeno de combustión en el contexto escolar, haciendo uso del caso histórico: La historia química de una vela de Michael Faraday. La metodología es cualitativa con enfoque interpretativo y estudio de caso múltiple. Se creó una comunidad de desarrollo profesional (CODEP) con los docentes, quienes participaron en talleres de formación. Como instrumentos se emplearon la encuesta y la producción escrita de los diseños creados por los profesores. Se sistematizó la información con Atlas.ti y se estudiaron las explicaciones a partir del análisis de contenido, de acuerdo con cuatro categorías: elementos contextuales, estructuración, transferencia y reflexión metacognitiva. Se evidenció que los aportes del caso histórico en la construcción de explicaciones se orientan en dos sentidos: el primero, en la explicación del fenómeno de la combustión en el aula, y el segundo, en las estrategias para la explicación de la ciencia a los jóvenes.
Análisis de gestos deportivos de saque con salto en voleibol usando videometría
Authors: Guzman-Vargas Karen-Daniela , Suarez-Baron Marco-Javier , Torres-Pérez Yolanda , González-Sanabria Juan-Sebastián
Published: February 2022

En el juego del voleibol, la técnica para ejecutar el gesto de saque es fundamental para poder dar un adecuado golpe al balón y así realizar puntos en contra del equipo contrario. Sin embargo, este gesto no siempre se realiza de forma eficiente biomecánicamente hablando, lo que genera malos golpes al balón y desventaja en el juego. Por lo anterior se estudió y evaluó la biocinemática del gesto técnico-deportivo de algunos jugadores (expertos en saque con salto) del equipo de voleibol de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (Boyacá, Colombia), mediante la técnica de videometría, con el objetivo de determinar (cualitativa y cuantitativamente) trayectorias, velocidades, aceleraciones y ángulos articulares de articulaciones como muñeca, codo, hombro, cadera, rodilla y tobillo de los deportistas al ejecutar los gestos de saque con salto, con lo cual se diseñaron e implementaron intervenciones correctivas del movimiento de los deportistas en el gesto de saque con salto para generar un golpe más eficiente y ergonómico durante el saque.
Servicio de clasificación documental multi cliente basado en técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina y Elasticsearch
Authors: Garcia-Chicangana David-Santiago , Cobos-Lozada Carlos-Alberto , Mendoza-Becerra Martha-Eliana , Niño-Zambrano Miguel-Ángel , Martínez-Figueroa James-Mauricio
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta un servicio de clasificación documental que permite a los sistemas de gestión documental de múltiples clientes brindar una mayor confianza y credibilidad sobre los tipos documentales asignados a los documentos que cargan los usuarios. La investigación fue realizada a través de las fases de CRISP-DM en las que se evaluaron dos modelos de representación de documentos, bolsas de palabras con n-gramas acumulativos y BERT (propuesto recientemente por Google), y cinco técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina, perceptrón multicapa, bosques aleatorios, k vecinos más cercanos, árboles de decisión y un clasificador bayesiano ingenuo. Los experimentos se realizaron con datos de dos organizaciones y los mejores resultados fueron los obtenidos por el perceptrón multicapa, los bosques aleatorios y los k vecinos más cercanos, con resultados muy similares de exactitud general y recuerdo por clase para los tres algoritmos. Los resultados no son concluyentes para ofertar el servicio a múltiples clientes con un solo modelo, ya que esto depende de los documentos y tipos documentales de cada uno de ellos. Por lo anterior, se ofrece un servicio basado en una arquitectura de microservicios que permite a cada organización la creación de su propio modelo, el monitoreo de su rendimiento en producción y su actualización cuando el rendimiento no sea adecuado.
Preparation and Investigated Third Order Optical Nonlinearities of Schiff bases by Using the Z-Scan
Authors: Mahdi Bashair S.
Published: February 2022

Nonliner optical properties of organic compound derivative from closed rings compound had been studied melted in (DMSO) Dimethyl sulfoxide dissolved in (10-3 and 10-6) at temperature of room. Lambert law agreement, the results had been showed an expansion in the range spectral of absorption with fluorescence show a change in the direction of short wavelength with max energy, the efficiency quantum of the melt compound (s) in Dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO had been result by using pure thin film for dye and use (PMMA) polymer add to dye and max with (Titanium dioxide nanoparticle) add polymer and dye (100, 120 and 140) nm thickness respectively, lifetime radiative for thin film add to dye with polymer and thin film, with polymer add dye and add nanoparticle has been less when comparative pure dye also efficiency quantum become high when we use nanoparticle with polymer, we can conclusion, the use this dye as application of laser media active.
Technological Characteristics of Vanadyl Sulfate – Porous Silicon Heterojunction
Authors: Salim Faiza M.
Published: February 2022

Near nano limit of [vanadium sulfate hydrate / porous silicon] heterojunction using zinc sulfide as a window for solar cell applications were investigated. Nanoparticles of vanadium sulfate hydrate were prepared by the electrochemical method followed by deposited in the form of thin films on bases of conductive glass and porous silicon to study the structural properties. The transmittance, absorbance and energy gap for the active material and the nanolayer window were performed. Grain size and roughness rate were determined via the surface topography test. The electrical parameters were measured, including the electrical conductivity. Nano crystalline porous silicon (PSi) films from p-type silicon (p - Si) wafer are synthesized using electrochemical etching (ECE) process of p-silicon wafer. Effective reflectance was obtained by (ZnS/VOSO₄.H₂O/PSi/p-Si) thin film that display excellent light-trapping at wavelengths ranging from (200 – 900) nm. The energy band gap of (VOSO4.H2O) NPs was calculated and found (4.2 - 5) eV. The average grain size ranged (67.7 – 82.9) nm. The electrical measurements current – voltage (I-V) were examined in dark and illumination conditions, for the heterojunctions fabricated. The efficiency of solar cell was reached (12.96%) while the power conversion efficiency was reached (51.8%).