bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress of white organic light-emitting device
Authors: Wang Xu-Peng  , Mi Bao-Xiu  , Gao Zhi-Qiang  , Guo Qing  , Huang Wei  ,   Engineering Center for Flat-Panel Displays and Solid-State Lighting of Jiangsu Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China;,   Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China
Published: December 2020

White organic light-emitting device (OLED) has potential of producing highly efficient saturated white light with the advantages of low-driving voltage, large area available, and flexible display, hence presenting many potential applications in solid state lighting and display industry. At present, the architecture of white OLED device includes mainly single emission layer, multilayer, down-conversion, stacked OLED, etc. which possess their own benefits, and it has attracted much attention respectively. In this paper after introducing the performance standards of white light, we review the development of white OLED in the aspects of architecture and performance. After that, we summarize the approaches to obtaining the high-performance white OLED. Meanwhile, we discuss the challenges to improving white OLED performance. Finally we look forward to the development of white OLED in the future.
Preparation of lamina-shape TiO2 nanoarray electrode and its electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Hari Bala  , Shi Lan  , Jiang Lei  , Guo Jin-Yu  , Yuan Guang-Yu  , Wang Li-Bo  , Liu Zong-Rui  ,   College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028043, China;,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
Published: December 2020

Lamina-shape TiO2 nanoarrays (LTNA) film electrode which is vertically grown on the surface of a Ti sheet by the means of hydrogen peroxide oriented etching at low temperature. X-ray diffraction shows that amorphous phase transforms to highly-crystalline anatase phase of the LTNA film after having been calcined at 500 ℃ for 1 h. Field emission scanning electron microscope exhibits a vertically oriented lamina-shape array with the morphology uniformly distributed and perfectly coated on the surface of Ti sheet, and the average height (film thickness), width and thickness of the leave are 1.35 m, 3080 nm and 1015 nm respectively, after 1 d etching in hydrogen peroxide at 80 ℃. The LTNA electrodes exhibit similar morphologies except for the film with a thickness of 2.12 m by hydrogen peroxide etching for 2 d. Using the LTNA film electrode as photoanode based on dye C106 fabricate back-illumination type dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), a power conversion efficiency can reach 3.2% under an irradiation of air mass 1.5 global (100 mWcm-2) simulated sunlight. Mesoporous TiO2 films are also used in the fabrication of DSC under similar conditions. The devices are compared with each other by transient photoelectric attenuation and electrical impedance technique. The results demonstrate that the LTNA-electrode DSC has a much lower recombination rate and a longer electron life time.
Molecular dynamics simulation of low-energy sputtering of Pt (111) surface by oblique Ni atom bombardment
Authors: Yan Chao  , Duan Jun-Hong  , He Xing-Dao  ,   Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing of Ministry of Education, School of Measuring and Optical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
Published: December 2020

The low-energy sputtering on Pt (111) surface by Ni atom at incident angle in a range of 0 80 (with respect to the direction normal to the surface) is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The atomic interaction potential obtained with embedded atom method is used in the simulation. The dependence of sputtering yield, energy and angular distribution of sputtered particles as well as sticking probability of Ni atom on incident angle are discussed. The dependence of sputtering yield on incident angle can be divided into three different regions in , i.e., 20, 20 60, and 60. Based on sticking probability and movement of incident atom, physical mechanism of low-energy sputtering at oblique particle bombardment is suggested. When the incident angle is smaller than 20, the reflection of incident atom by target atom dominates the sputtering process of surface atom, which is similar to the sputtering mechanism for the case of = 0. While for 20 60, the reflection of incident atom is no longer important for the low-energy sputtering. For the case of 60, there occurs no sputtering.
Efficient white polymeric light-emitting diodes by doping ionic iridium complex
Authors: Zhao Bao-Feng  , Tang Huai-Jun  , Yu Lei  , Wang Bao-Zheng  , Wen Shang-Sheng  ,   Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;,   Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials and Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Published: December 2020

A series of white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) each with a single emitting layer using ionic iridium complex is fabricated. The white light is obtained via two complementary colors of orange light emitter ionic iridium complexe PF6 (Hnpy: 2-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridine, c-phen: 1-ethyl-2-(9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-1H-imidazo phenanthroline) and sky-blue light emitter Firpic (iridium bis(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C(2)) picolinate. The emtting layer consists of poly(N-vinylcarbzole) (PVK) as host polymer, 1,3-bis -phenylene (OXD-7) as electron-transporting materials, Firpic and PF6. The structure of the WPLED is indium-tin-oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate)(40 nm)/emtting layer (80 nm)/CsF(1.5 nm)/Al(120 nm). When the mass ratio of PVK, OXD-7, Firpic, PF6 is 67 ∶23 ∶10 ∶0.25, the most efficient white light is obtained with a color coordinate of (0.31,0.40), a maximal luminance efficiency of 13.3 cd/A and a maximal luminance of 6032 cd/m2. Meanwhile, the color coordinate is unchanged with current density. The mechanism of the WPLED is discussed.
Research and development of GaN photocathode
Authors: Li Biao  , Chang Ben-Kang  , Xu Yuan  , Du Xiao-Qing  , Du Yu-Jie  , Wang Xiao-Hui  , Zhang Jun-Ju  ,   Institute of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;,   College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
Published: December 2020

Negative electron affinity GaN photocathode with greatly advanced photoelectricity performance is described. The research of GaN photocathode focuses on the three points, i. e. , quantum yield, electron energy distribution and surface model, in the last decade. The domestic research of GaN photocathode is still in its infancy, the basic theory is not established, and preparation technology is not mature. In this paper we review emission mechanism, material growth, surface cleaning, activation process optimization, varied-doping structure design and stability of GaN photocathode. The latest experimental results confirm that the fabrication technology of GaN photocathode is feasible.
Dynamic properties of bilayer membrane
Authors: Peng Yong-Gang  , Zheng Yu-Jun  ,   School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Published: December 2020

We study the dynamics of bilayer membrane using the Fourier space Brownian dynamical equation. The surface of the bilayer membrane is demonstrated directly by using three-dimensional figure. Our results demonstrate that the slipping between the up-monolayer and bottom-monolayer is a very important dynamical process in the membrane dynamics, which strongly affects the height-height correlation function.
Oxygen and carbon behaviors in multi-crystalline silicon and their effect on solar cell conversion efficiency
Authors: Fang Xin  , Shen Wen-Zhong  ,   Key Laboratory for Artificial Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Institute of Solar Energy, Department of Physics,Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Published: December 2020

Understanding and controlling the impurity behavior are important for low-cost and high-efficiency of multi-crystalline silicon solar cells. We employ the infrared spectroscopy to study the change of oxygen and carbon concentrations after thermal treatment in different parts of multi-crystalline silicon ingots grown by directional solidification technology. In correlation with the solar cell performances such as the minority carrier lifetime, photoelectric conversion efficiency and internal quantum efficiency, we investigate the physical mechanism of the effects of various concentrations of oxygen and carbon on cell performance. We propose an oxygen precipitation growth model considering the influence of carbon to simulate the size distribution and concentration of oxygen precipitation after the thermal treatment. It is found that carbon not only deteriorates the efficiency of the cells made from the silicon from the top part of the ingot, but also plays an important role in the effect of oxygen precipitation: enhancing the size and the quantity of oxygen precipitation in the silicon from the middle part of the ingot, which induces the defect and increases the recombination; while resulting in the small size and low quantity of oxygen precipitation in the silicon from the bottom part due to the low carbon content, thereby improving the cell efficiency through gettering impurities. We further demonstrate the complex behaviors of oxygen and carbon by a two-step thermal treatment technique, from which we point out that the two-step thermal treatment is applicable only to the improvement of the efficiency of solar cells from the bottom part of multi-crystalline silicon ingots.
Design of a highly efficient light-trapping structure for amorphous silicon solar cell
Authors: Zhou Jun  , Sun Yong-Tang  , Sun Tie-Tun  , Liu Xiao  , Song Wei-Jie  ,   Institute of Optics and Photoelectronics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;,   Department of Optical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;,   Changzhou Yijing Optical-Electronic Company Limited, Changzhou 213223, China;,   Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
Published: December 2020

A highly efficient light-trapping structure consisting of a diffractive grating, a MgF2 film, a ZnS film and Ag reflector, is used for a-Si:H solar cell. Using the rigorous coupled wave theory, the weighted absorptance photon number (AM1.5) of a 1 m thick a-Si:H solar cell is calculated in a wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm for the AM1.5 solar spectrum at 25 ℃. It is used to design the optimal parameters of the light-trapping structure. Results indicate that AM1.5 of the solar cell can reach 74.3%, if the period, the depth and the duty cycle of the diffractive grating, and the height of the MgF2 film and the ZnS film are 800 nm, 160 nm, 0.6125, 90 nm and 55 nm, respectively. If a ZnS/Ag film is fabricated on the rear surface of the solar cell, a larger AM1.5 (76.95%) can be obtained. It is demonstrated that the trapping structure is useful for elevating the efficiency of the solar cell.
Development of percentile estimation formula for skewed distribution
Authors: Zhou Yun  , Hou Wei  , Qian Zhong-Hua  , He Wen-Ping  ,   College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;,   National Climate Center, Beijing 100081, China
Published: December 2020

Order statistics establishes a relation between the position of the ranked data and corresponding cumulative probability, so it can be used to estimate the cumulative probability. Owing to the fact that different climatological data have different skewness degrees, in this paper, according to the cumulative probability function under the skewed distribution conditions, we perform theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to establish the position parameters of the regression model which are related to skewness index, then give an amperic percentile formula under the skewed distribution. By using the data about the summer temperature in global from 1980 to 2009, we compare the positions of ranked data corresponding to the 90th percentile, which are obtained by this formula and Jenkinsons formula.
Characteristic periodicity analysis of the X-ray flux variability of quasar PKS 1510-089
Authors: Li Xiao-Pan  , Zhang Hao-Jing  , Zhang Xiong  ,   College of Physics and Electronics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China;,   Department of Physics, Zhaotong Teacher's School, Zhaotong 657000, China
Published: December 2020

We present the X-ray light curve (1.512 keV) for quasar PKS 1510-089 with the observation of the all-sky monitor on the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer from January 1996 to December 2009. Using the discrete correlation function method, the wavelet analysis method and the power spectrum method to analyze the data, we find that the light curve variability period of quasar PKS 1510-089 is (0.940.08)a. The super massive binary black hole model in used to analyze this source, and the results show that the orbit period of the super massive binary black hole system is (1.850.10)a and the super massive binary black hole model is the better model for describing the light curve periodic behaviour of quasar PKS 1510-089 at present.
Study and application of optimization algorithm about nonlinear partial differential equations with boundary value problem
Authors: Liu Tie-Lin  , Zhai Zhong-Hai  , Hou Xiang-Lin  ,   (1)School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China; (2)School of Science, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
Published: December 2020

For elliptic nonlinear partial differential equations with boundary value problem, based on difference method and dynamic design variable optimization method, by taking unknown function value on discrete net point as design variables, difference equation of all the discrete net points is constructed as an objective function. A kind of optimization algorithm about solving unknown function value on discrete net point is proposed. Universal computing program is designed. Practical example is analyzed. By comparing the computing result with the analytical solution, effectiveness and feasibility are verified. Thus complicated nonlinear mathematical physics equations can be solved by the numerical calculation method.
The first order symmetric SPH method for transient heat conduction problems
Authors: Jiang Tao  , Ouyang Jie  , Li Xue-Juan  , Zhang Lin  , Ren Jin-Lian  ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi' an 710129, China
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the accuracy and the stability of the conventional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for simulating the transient heat conduction problems, a first order symmetric smoothed particle hydrodynamics (FO-SPH) method is proposed.In order to solve the heat conduction problem with second derivative, the proposed FO-SSPH method is first to decompose the problem into two first order partial differential equations (PDEs), and then the first order kernel gradient is corrected based on the discretization of gradient and the concept of Taylor series. Finally, the obtained local matrix is locally symmetrized. All the numerical results demonstrate that the FO-SSPH possesses a higher accuracy and better stability than the SPH method, that the mixed boundary conditions can be well imposed using FO-SSPH method, and that the reliability and the flexibility of the FO-SSPH method can also be observed for PDEs with multi-boundary conditions. Finally, the one-dimensional nonlinear heat conduction problem is investigated by the FO-SSPH method, and the phenomena of concave and bulge are observed when the temperature achieves the stable state, in which the influence of the coefficients for heat flux is discussed.
Transient nonlinear theory and model of beam-wave interaction for gyroklystron
Authors: Guo Jian-Hua  , Yu Sheng  , Li Hong-Fu  , Zhang Tian-Zhong  , Lei Chao-Jun  , Li Xiang  , Zhang Yan-Yan  ,   Vacuum Electronics National Key Laboratory,Research Institute of High Energy Electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054,China
Published: December 2020

A transient analysis in time domain of beam-wave interaction for gyroklystron is made with self-consistent field theory in this paper. A nonlinear theory for gyroklystron with multiple cavities is established, but also electron motion equations and transient electromagnetic field equations in the complex form are given. Research methods of beam-wave interaction in input cavity, idler cavity and output cavity are investigated. The infuence of speedspread is taken into account. For a Kα-band gyroklystron with four cavities, some numerical results of beam-wave interaction are given, and analyzed in Fortran Language finally. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data and the PIC results, showing that they are in good agreement.
Entanglement properties in the system of atoms interacting with coupled cavities
Authors: Lu Dao-Ming  ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
Published: December 2020

We study the entanglement dynamics of the system composed of two two-level atoms resonantly interacting with two coupled cavities. The evolutions of atom-atom entanglement, cavity-cavity entanglement and atom-cavity entanglement are investigated. The influence of coupling constant between cavities on entanglement property is discussed. The numerical results show that atom-atom entanglement property is strengthened while atom-cavity entanglement property and cavity-cavity entanglement property are weakened with the increasing of the coupling constant between cavities.
Entangled coherent states in symmetry phase spaceand their nonclassical effects
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yan  , Wang Ji-Suo  ,   (1)Department of Physics, Heze University, Heze 274015, China; (2)School of Physics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
Published: December 2020

We discuss the entangled coherent states in symmetry phase space by introducing orthogonal basis, calculate their entanglement by means of concurrence, and investigate their squeezing effects of single-mode and two-mode and antibunching effects. The calculations indicate that the entangled coherent state in symmetry phase space is closely related to nonclassical effect.
Wigner function of a kind of special single-mode squeezed state
Authors: Yu Hai-Jun  , Du Jian-Ming  , Zhang Xiu-Lan  ,   Department of Physics, Huainan Normal University,Huainan 232001,China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the expression of Wigner operator in the coherent state is derived using the IWOP technology. The Wigner function of a kind of special single-mode squeezed state is calculated. When the rotation parameter value changes, the numerical calculations show that the Wigner function in the phase space possesses a rotation displacement feature.
Quantum key distribution secure threshold based on BB84 protocol
Authors: Zhao Nan  , Pei Chang-Xing  , Liu Dan  , Quan Dong-Xiao  , Sun Xiao-Nan  ,   State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: December 2020

Quantum state in the channel is affected by several factors, which will bring detection error and make secure threshold of quantum distribution protocol unable to judge whether eavesdropping exists. We analyze the factors in real quantum channel, which affects the quantum state, develop a channel model, and derive a judging eavesdrop secure threshold formula of BB84 protocol based on an imperfect channel. Through calculating and simulating, the formula is proved to be more accurate to estimate the secure threshold of the BB84 protocol and more effective to judge eavesdropping. Meanwhile, this method can improve the security and the efficiency of key distribution.
Accretion and radiation in black hole with a global monopole
Authors: Xiang Mao-Huai  , Chen Ju-Hua  , Wang Yong-Jiu  ,   Institute of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study on mass-defect effect in the black hole with a global monopole, calculate the mass defect of the neutral particle adsorbed by the central mass(or falling down to the central mass), and then compute the mass defect of the adsorbing homogeneous spherical shell and the solid sphere in the limit case.Finially, the mass defects of these substances are converted into the energy radiations.
Measuring breakpoints and impedance mismatch for dielectric transmission lines by using correlation method of chaotic signals
Authors: Xu Hang  , Wang An-Bang  , Han Xiao-Hong  , Ma Jian-Yi  , Wang Yun-Cai  ,   Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, Dept. of Physics & Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Published: December 2020

We demonstrate experimentally a method to measure breakpoints and impedance mismatch for dielectric transmission lines by using broadband chaotic signals. Chaotic signal serving as a probe signal is obtained from the chaotic laser diode with optical feedback. Correlation method can realize breakpoint location, impedance estimation, and live test. Experimental results show that the location deviation is less than 1%, the impedance error is within the nominal rating, and interference margin is about 48 dB for 2 MHz square pulse signal on wire.
Rocked ratchet thermoelectric tunneling refrigerator
Authors: Luo Xiao-Guang  , He Ji-Zhou  ,   Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the transport characteristics of the electrons in the double-barrier heterostructure under adding periodic positive and negative bias ("rocked" ratchet) are numerically simulated by the transfer matrix method. The expressions of net current and net heat flow between the two electronic reservoirs are obtained. Further, the performance characteristics of net current, net heat flow and coefficient of performance are analyzed. The results obtained here may provide some significant guidance for the design and manufacture of mecro-thermoelectric devices.
Fast scanning X-ray microprobe fluorescence imaging based on synchrotron radiation
Authors: Yan Fen  , Zhang Ji-Chao  , Li Ai-Guo  , Yang Ke  , Wang Hua  , Mao Cheng-Wen  , Liang Dong-Xu  , Yan Shuai  , Li Jiong  , Yu Xiao-Han  ,   Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
Published: December 2020

A method of fast scanning X-ray microprobe fluorescence imaging, on-the-fly scan, has been recently accomplished in BL15U1 hard X-ray micro-focus beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, based on the software platform of EPICS; the high technology of precise motion control, the X-ray flux detection and the X-ray fluorescence spectrum detection are integrated into this system. By the method of X-ray microprobe fluorescence imaging, the images of standard nickel mask and the elemental distribution of copper, zinc, kalium and iron in specimen of mouse spleen are obtained. The results demonstrate that this method not only enhances the efficiency on a large scale, but also achieves high quality fluorescence mapping.
An all-optical 3R regenerator for 40-Gbit/s system based onsignal-pump fiber optical parametric amplification
Authors: Wang Ju  , Yu Jin-Long  , Luo Jun  , Wang Wen-Rui  , Han Bing-Chen  , Wu Bo  , Guo Jing-Zhong  , Yang En-Ze  ,   Optical Fiber Communication Laboratory, School of Electronic &Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Published: December 2020

A novel scheme of all-optical 3R regeneration has been proposed in this paper. Using degraded data signal rather than clock as a pump, all-optical 40Gbps 3R regeneration based on a fiber optical parametric amplification effect (FOPA) is realized with improved performance compared with previous regeneration schemes. Theoretical analysis of the noise suppression mechanism under different pump power (corresponding to "0" code or "1" code) is provided. By properly adjusting the parameters of FOPA, amplitude noise on both "0" code and "1" code can be suppressed simultaneously. The clock extraction is based on wavelenth conversion and a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) filter with a high Q value of 1000. The theoretical analysis conclusions are verified through experiments, and the imbalance of the 3R regeneration using fiber optical parametric amplication is eliminated. The root mean square (RMS) jitter of the clock extracted is only 180fs. The signal-to-noise ratio of the regenerated signal is improved from 4.52 to 11.43.
Electronic structure and optical properties of Cr doped SnO2 superlattice
Authors: Jiang Lei  , Wang Pei-Ji  , Zhang Chang-Wen  , Feng Xian-Yang  , Lu Yao  , Zhang Guo-Lian  ,   School of Physics, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Published: December 2020

By the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW), we investigate the electronic structure, the band structure, the dielectric function, the absorption spectrum, the reflectivity and the refraction of Cr doped SnO2 superlattice. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) is used for handling correlation energy. Calculation results show that due to the Cr doping, SnO2 superlattice forms new electron occupied state near Fermi energy level and uncentinuous impurity band comes into being, which is contributed by Cr-3d and O-2p, Sn-5s. In dielectric spectrum appear three new dielectric peaks between 0 eV to 5.5 eV. In high-energy area, the position of main peak has a blue-shift and the peak intensity reduces. Absorption spectrum, reflectivity spectrum and refraction spectrum also have peaks corresponding to the dielectric peaks, which are caused by d—d transition of Cr atom.
Excited states structure for methyl acrylate under external electric field
Authors: Zhou Ye-Hong  , He Jian-Yong  , Cai Shao-Hong  ,   (1)School of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (2)The Key Laboratory of Economic System Simulation, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550004, China;School of Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
Published: December 2020

The ground state parameters, the dipole moment, the charge distribution and the energies of MOs of methyl acrylate under different intense electric fields are optimized using the density functional theory (DFT)B3LYP based on the 6-311+ +G* * basis set level. The excitation energies, the wavelengths, the oscillator strengths from ground state to the first nine different excited states are calculated employing the revised hybrid CIS-DFT method (CIS-B3LYP) without external electric field, and the excited states under different electric fields are also investigated. The results show that the molecular geometry is strongly dependent on electric field strength, and the energy proves to increase before decreasing but the dipole moment behaves in a contrary manner. The excitation energies of the first nine excited states of methyl acrylate decrease with the increase of the applied electric field, indicating that the molecule is easy to excite and dissociate in the electric field .The wavelength is also increase with the increase of electric field, and its electronic transition spectrum covers from the ultraviolet to infrared.
Rydberg series of CO in the region 14—20 eV
Authors: Shan Xiao-Bin  , Zhang Jie  , Sheng Liu-Si  , Wang Si-Sheng  , Zhang Li-Hua  , Zhao Yu-Jie  , Hao Li-Qing  , Wang Zhen-Ya  ,   Laboratory of Environmental Spectroscopy, Anhui Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;,   National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China;,   National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800,  China;,   School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Anqing Normal College, Anqing 246133, China;,   School of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Anqing Normal College, Anqing 246133, China;National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029,  China
Published: December 2020

Absolute photoabsorption spectrum of CO molecule in the region 14—20 eV(620—890 Å) is measured using synchrotron radiation and multi-stage photoionization chamber, and its ionization energy is obtained. According to the absorption spectrum of CO and theoretical calculation, the Rydberg series converging to the Χ2Σ+, Α2Π, and B2Σ+ states of CO+ are assigned separately. Rydberg series assigned before are extended, Rydberg series converging to the Χ2Σ+ (ν+=2 and 3) of CO+, and n=2 (the real value of n is 3) progressions of the series converging to the Α2Π state of CO+ are identified. At the same time, the absorption spectrum of CO in the region 17.0—17.5 eV (710—730 Å) is also discussed deeply.
L-shell X-ray emission cross section of tantalum by 20—45 MeV O5+ bombardment
Authors: Chang Hong-Wei  , Du Shu-Bin  , Zhang Yan-Ping  , Yang Zhi-Hu  , Xu Qiu-Mei  ,   (1)China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413, China; (2)Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,China; (3)Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000,China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190, China
Published: December 2020

With 20—45 MeV O5+ ion bombardment we investigate L-shell X-ray emission processes on Ta film at HI-13 tandem accelerator in the Chinese Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). The ratios of X-ray emission cross section: σ(Lβ)/σ(Lα),σ(Lγ)/σ(Lα), and σ(Ll)/σ(Lα) are obtained. The results are compared with the predictions by the ECPSSR theory. Reasonable agreement between the ECPSSR theory and the experiment is obtained.
Effects of initial temperature and cooling rate on freezing behaviors of metallic clusters
Authors: Li Guo-Jian  , Wang Qiang  , Cao Yong-Ze  , Lü Xiao  , Li Dong-Gang  , He Ji-Cheng  ,   Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
Published: December 2020

The effects of initial temperature and cooling rate on the freezing behaviors of clusters Co531, Cu531, and Ni531 are studied by the molecular dynamics with a general embedded atom method. The results show that their freezing points are obviously influenced by initial temperature and cooling rate. Higher initial temperature or smaller cooling rate results in a higher freezing point. The variations of freezing structures for all clusters with the change of freezing condition are different. The icosahedron is formed for Cu531 and Ni531 in spite of their different freezing points. The HCP structure similar to the Co bulk is formed for Co531 under higher initial temperature and smaller cooling rate, the icosahedron is formed for other conditions.
Defect mode in one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of single-negative materials with an impurity layer
Authors: Liu Qi-Hai  , Hu Dong-Sheng  , Yin Xiao-Gang  , Wang Yan-Qing  ,   College of Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astranautics, Nanjing 211100, China
Published: December 2020

The transport properties of one-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of single-negative materials, with an impurity layer, are studied by using the transfer matrix method. The results show that the defect mode appears in the forbidden band of the photonic crystal when there is a defect layer. The position of defect mode moves from the high frequency of the forbidden band to the low frequency with permeability μ increasing. And the position of defect mode moves from the low frequency of the forbidden band to the high frequency with permittivity ε increasing. These characteristics can be used to dynamically control the optical transmission.
Bottle beam generated by novel axicon
Authors: Zhang Qian-An  , Wu Feng-Tie  , Zheng Wei-Tao  , Ma Liang  ,   College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
Published: December 2020

Novel axicon for generating bottle beam is proposed for the first time. We discuss concave and convex types, which are formed by grinding and scuffing a frustum of a cone on the bottom of a traditional axicon. The results show that when a plane wave illuminates on the concave axicon, a single bottle beam is formed. If the light illuminates on the convex axicon, periodic bottle beam is formed. The formation mechanism of the bottle beam is analyzed by geometrical optics, and the relevant parameters are also calculated. The transverse and the longitudinal intensity distribution are simulated by diffraction and interference theory. The results are basically consistent with the geometrical optics.
Propagation characteristics of nonparaxial Gaussian beams
Authors: Deng Xiao-Jiu  , Niu Guo-Jian  , Liu Cai-Xia  , Xiao Su  ,   Department of Physics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China
Published: December 2020

Based on the rigorous definition of light intensity of nonparaxial vectorial beams in the transverse plane, beam width, far-field divergence angles and M2 factors are defined by the power in the bucket. Taking nonparaxial vectorial Gaussian beam as an example, the detailed theoretical analyses and numerical calculations about the propagation characteristics are performed, and the results are compared with those from the nonparaxial scalar theory. Showing that when the half width of light source ω0 is less than Λ, there are obvious differences between the propagation characteristics described by the nonparaxial scalar and the vectorial theory, and their propagation characteristics tend to be consistent with ω0 increasing, change to that obtained in the paraxial scalar approximation gradually.
Spin Hall effect of light in a multilayer-medium structure
Authors: Ma Juan  , Luo Hai-Lu  , Wen Shuang-Chun  ,   Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we study the spin Hall effect (SHE) of light in a multilayer-medium. By taking three-layer medium for example, the three-dimensional transmission model of beams passing through a prim-air-prim barrier is build. The various factors in SHE of light, such as thickness of the air gap, refractive index gradient, and incidence angle are investigated. For a certain circularly polarized component, the transverse shift can be modulated by Changing the refractive index gradient associated with the two prisms: whether the transverse shift of reflection and transmission fields is positive or negative depends on the refractive index gradient. Compared with the SHE in the two-layer medium, the SHE in the Gaussian beam refraction can be evidently enhanced via three-layer medium. Based on the theory of SHE of light,the theoretical basis for regulating and enhancing optical spin Hall effect is obtained.
Generalized M2G factor of truncated partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian beam
Authors: Li Xiao-Qing  , Ji Xiao-Ling  ,   Department of Physics, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
Published: December 2020

Based on the method of generalized truncated second-order moment, the analytical formula of the generalized beam propagation factor (M2G factor) of truncated partially coherent Hermite-Gaussian(H-G) beams is derived. The analytical results obtained from truncated fully coherent H-G beam, truncated Gaussian Shell Model (GSM) beam and truncated Gaussian beam are given as particular examples in this paper. It is shown that the M2G factor of truncated partially coherent H-G beam depends on truncated parameter δ, beam order m, and beam coherence parameter α. When the value of δ is very small, the odd-even groups happen to the M2G factor, i.e., the values of M2G factor with different values of the odd m are nearly the same, and so are they for the even m case. However, this phenomenon disappears as δ increases. For the truncated GSM beams with different values of δ, there exist the cross points between the curves of the M2G factor versus α. However, this phenomenon may disappear for truncated partially coherent H-G beams. In addition, the larger the m is, the more the M2G factor is affected by the δ, and the effect of aperture on M2G factor may be neglected when the δ is larger.
Elimination of time-delay signature in an external cavity semiconductor laser by randomly modulating feedback phase
Authors: Zhang Jian-Zhong  , Wang An-Bang  , Zhang Ming-Jiang  , Li Xiao-Chun  , Wang Yun-Cai  ,   Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering,Department of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Published: December 2020

We propose and numerically demonstrate that the feedback induced time-delay signature in an external cavity semiconductor laser can be eliminated by randomly modulating feedback phase. We find that when the rate of the random modulation signal is within the range of 0.1—1 Gb/s, and the number of the random variation amplitudes reaches 5, the time-delay signature corresponding to the external cavity can be effectively suppressed in the parameter space of injection current (1.2—2.8Ith) and feedback rate (8—26 GHz).
LD end-pumped c-cut Nd:YVO4 laser at 589 nm generated by sef-Raman conversion and frequency doubling
Authors: Zhu Hai-Yong  , Zhang Ge  , Zhang Yao-Ju  , Huang Cheng-Hui  , Duan Yan-Min  , Wei Yong  , Wei Peng-Fei  , Yu Yong-Li  ,   College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;,   College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002,China;,   Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002,China
Published: December 2020

In this paper we report a LD end-pumped c-cut Nd:YVO4 yellow laser generated by sef-Raman conversion and frequency doubling. A 10-mm-length KTP with critical phase matching (θ=69°, ø=0°) cut is adopted as a second-harmonic generation. For the lower stimulated-emission cross section of c-cut Nd:YVO4 crystal, the resonator cavity and the coating of crystals are carefully designed to reduce the insert loss and diffraction loss. Finally, at a repetition rate of 10 kHz and an incident pump power of 11.2 W, the average power of yellow light up to 570 mW is achieved, corresponding to an overall diode-yellow conversion efficiency of 5.1% and a slope efficiency of 6.6%. The central wavelength is at 589.17 nm with a width of 0.2 nm, which is well fitted to the sodium D2 resonance radiation.
The third harmonics generation with large aperture and high fluency
Authors: Zhu Bao-Qiang  , Dai Ya-Ping  , Zhu Jian  , Zhan Ting-Yu  , Lin Zun-Qi  , Ji Lai-Lin  , Ma Wei-Xin  ,   (1)Shanghai Institute of Laser and Plasma,Shanghai 201800,China; (2)Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Shanghai 201800,China; (3)Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Shanghai 201800,China;Shanghai Institute of Laser and Plasma,Shanghai 201800,China
Published: December 2020

To investigate the output of ultraviolet of ShenguangII upgrade project, and study the relevant problem in the harmonics generation in high power laser driver, an experiment with 'Ⅰ+Ⅱ" phase match is conducted in the Shenguang-Ⅱ NO.9 device.The maximal output energy of ultraviolet reaches 2740 J, the maximal fluency exceeds 3.6 J/cm2, and the maximal conversion efficiency is ~63%. The parameters that affect the conversion efficiency are preliminary discussed with experimenal results; the amplitude modulation caused by phase modulation and traverse stimulation Raman scattering is observed in experiment. The design program and parameters for Shenguang-Ⅱ upgrade device are testified by the experimental results.
Effect of atmosphere turbulence on phase modulation signals in coherent beam combination with multi-dithering technique
Authors: MaYan-Xing  , Wang Xiao-Lin  , Zhou Pu  , Ma Hao-Tong  , Zhao Hai-Chuan  , Xu Xiao-Jun  , Si Lei  , Liu Ze-Jin  , Zhao Yi-Jun  ,   College of Optoelectric Science and Engineering, National Univ. of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073,China
Published: December 2020

The effect of atmosphere turbulence on phase modulation signal in coherent beam combination with multi-dithering technique is studied. Analytical formulas for the phase modulation signal of beam array propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are derived based on extended Huygens-Fresnel integral. Then the effects of propagation distance, turbulence intensity, filling factor and size of beam array on phase modulation signal are numerically calculated. The results show that with transmission distance increasing, there occurs a maximum of the amplitude of phase modulation signals. With the intensity of atmosphere turbulence increasing, the maximum of amplitude of phase modulation signals will appear in a shorter distance. When fill factor does not change, the distance between the laser source and the maximum of amplitude of phase modulation signals will be increased with of the dimension of laser beam increasing. When the dimension of laser beam does not change, the distance between the laser source and the maximum of amplitude of phase modulation signals will be increased with fill factor decreasing. Finally, the effects of parallel beam array and conformal focused beam array on phase modulation signal are compared, finding that the distance between the laser source and the maximum of amplitude of phase modulation signals can be changed by changing the focusing distance of conformal focused beam array.
General model of transmission grating diffraction efficiency
Authors: Shang Wan-Li  , Yang Jia-Min  , Zhao Yang  , Zhu Tuo  , Xiong Gang  ,   Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: December 2020

In the Fraunhofer diffraction approximation, a general model for calculating the transmission grating diffraction efficiency is deduced from wave optics under the condition of far field. Diffraction efficiency of transmission grating with any cross section can be obtained from such a general model. Rectangular, trapezoidal, 5-side quasi-trapezoidal and 7-side quasi-trapezoidal cross section calculation method are established with this model. And two examples are given to demonstrate the correctness of this general model.
Investigation of V-type photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence
Authors: Xia Chang-Ming  , Zhou Gui-Yao  , Han Ying  , Liu Zhao-Lun  , Hou Lan-Tian  ,   Institute of Ifrared Optical Fibers & Sensors,Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;,   Institute of Ifrared Optical Fibers & Sensors,Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;,   Institute of Ifrared Optical Fibers & Sensors,Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;School of Infromation and Optoelectronic Science and Enginering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: December 2020

According to the full-vector finite element method, a new kind of V-shape photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence is proposed. Simulation results show that the V-shape photonic crystal fiber has a birefringence of 1.239×10-2 at a wavelength of 1.55 μm, when its cladding air hole pitch, large air hole diameter, small air hole diameter are 1.0 μm, 0.95 μm and 0.6 μm, respectively. There are two zero dispersion wavelengths in the visible and the near-infrared region respectively, and the abnormal dispersion zone includes the operation wavelength of Ti:sapphire laser, which is advantageous for nonlinear generation of photonic crystal fibers. The difference in air filling fraction between fast and slow axis can be used as a sensor for the weak strain.
A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system with Faraday-Michelson interferometer
Authors: Wei Zheng-Jun  , Wan Wei  , Wang Jin-Dong  , Liao Chang-Jun  , Liu Song-Hao  ,   (1)Guangdong Radio&TV University,Guangzhou 510091,China; (2)Laboratory of Photonic Information Technology SIPSE & LQIT, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: December 2020

A new differential phase shift quantum key distribution system based on the intensity modulator with Faraday-Michelson interferometer is demonstrated experimentally. Some technologies are employed to improve the performance of the quantum key distribution system. These technologies include the clock generation technology of arbitrary frequency by a small scale frequency-split and phase locked loop scheme, the new method to acquire the half-wave voltage of the phase modulator with a high accuracy in the condition of the single photon count, and the auto-compensated polarization technology by the Faraday-Michelson interferometer. Finally, the quantum key distribution is achieved with a quantum bit error rate of 3.9% when the transmission distance reaches 50 km.
Enhanced stimulated Raman scattering of binary solution by intermolecular Fermi resonance
Authors: Li Zhan-Long  , Zhou Mi  , He Li-Qiao  , Sun Cheng-Lin  , Li Zuo-Wei  , Men Zhi-Wei  ,   (1)College of Physics, Jilin University, Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, China; (2)State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (3)State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;College of Physics, Jilin University, Jilin Province, Changchun 130021, China
Published: December 2020

Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) of binary solution of toluene and m-xylene are studied at different volume concentrations in liquid-core optical fiber. The experimental results show that the vibration modes of 1002 cm-1, 2920 cm-1 and 3058 cm-1 bands are simultaneously stimulated to generate the SRS, and the SRS thresholds of the 1st-order Stokes of 2920 cm-1 and 3058 cm-1 bands are lowered compared with the 2nd-order Stokes of 1002 cm-1 band, and the main peaks of 2920 cm-1 and 3058 cm-1 bands are different as volume concentration changes. We assume that the intermolecular Fermi resonance is the main mechanism for these phenomena, which is explained by the Raman scattering cross section theory.
Acoustic field characteristics of ultrasonic linear phased array for an interface condition
Authors: Zhan Xiang-Lin  , Sun Fang  , Zeng Zhou-Mo  , Wang Xiao-Yuan  , Jin Shi-Jiu  ,   (1)College of Aeronautical Automation, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China; (2)State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Published: December 2020

Acoustic field characteristics of an ultrasonic linear phased array are studied under the condition of an interface. The issue about a phased array transducer with a wedge is reasonably simplified into a liquid-solid interface problem. According to ray acoustics theory, the acoustic field produced by a single element on the liquid-solid interface is computed. Then focus laws are derived and the expressions of the sound field and the displacement of the ultrasonic linear array with a liquid-solid interface are obtained. Simulations are carried out for a phased array transducer mounted on a wedge. The focusing-generated effects on axial and horizontal acoustic field of transducer are discussed. It is shown that the focusing can enhance sensitivity and resolution, but degrades the performance of beams beyond the focal region. So focusing should be reasonably used in actual testing.