bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
US Offshore Wind Development More than a Breeze
Authors: Spadoro Joseph , Hoempler Mark , Prisby John
Published: November 2024

The offshore wind (OSW) energy offers a promising technology for the global clean energy transition, with the potential to supply vast amounts of renewable power while driving economic growth and supporting climate goals. In 2023 alone, the global OSW industry saw a surge in capacity, adding 10.8 gigawatts (GW) of new projects, marking a significant 24 percent year‐on‐year increase.1 This growth positioned 2023 as the second‐best year in the industry's history, bringing the total installed global capacity to over 75 GW.2 As climate change pressures mount, nations around the world are turning to OSW as a contributing solution to decarbonizing their energy systems and securing availability of energy supplies.
Single Cell Deletion of the Transcription Factors Trps1 and Sox9 in Astrocytes Reveals Novel Functions in the Adult Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Natarajan Poornemaa , Koupourtidou Christina , de Resseguier Thibault , Thorwirth Manja , Bocchi Riccardo , Fischer‐Sternjak Judith , Gleiss Sarah , Rodrigues Diana , Myoga Michael H. , Ninkovic Jovica , Masserdotti Giacomo , Götz Magdalena
Published: November 2024

Astrocytes play key roles in brain function, but how these are orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) in the adult brain and aligned with astrocyte heterogeneity is largely unknown. Here we examined the localization and function of the novel astrocyte TF Trps1 (Transcriptional Repressor GATA Binding 1) and the well‐known astrocyte TF Sox9 by Cas9‐mediated deletion using Mokola‐pseudotyped lentiviral delivery into the adult cerebral cortex. Trps1 and Sox9 levels showed heterogeneity among adult cortical astrocytes, which prompted us to explore the effects of deleting either Sox9 or Trps1 alone or simultaneously at the single‐cell (by patch‐based single‐cell transcriptomics) and tissue levels (by spatial transcriptomics). This revealed TF‐specific functions in astrocytes, such as synapse maintenance with the strongest effects on synapse number achieved by Trps1 deletion and a common effect on immune response. In addition, spatial transcriptomics showed non‐cell‐autonomous effects on the surrounding cells, such as oligodendrocytes and other immune cells with TF‐specific differences on the type of immune cells: Trps1 deletion affecting monocytes specifically, while Sox9 deletion acting mostly on microglia and deletion of both TF affecting mostly B cells. Taken together, this study reveals novel roles of Trps1 and Sox9 in adult astrocytes and their communication with other glial and immune cells.
Evaluating Electroconvulsive Therapy for Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Including the Prodromal Stage: A Retrospective Study on Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Morikawa Fumiyoshi , Kobayashi Ryota , Murayama Tomonori , Fukuya Shota , Tabata Kazuki , Fujishiro Hiroshige , Nakayama Michihiro , Naoe Juichiro
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Managing symptoms, notably psychiatric symptoms, in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is complex, affecting both patients and caregivers. People with DLB often react poorly to antipsychotics, limiting treatment options. Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)'s potential for DLB is acknowledged, evidence is scarce owing to limited studies. This study investigated ECT's effectiveness and safety for DLB and prodromal DLB with antecedent psychiatric symptoms.

Methods

This retrospective study investigated people with DLB (N = 12) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with LB (N = 13), a prodromal form of DLB, who underwent ECT for psychiatric symptoms and had abnormal findings confirmed using dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography and 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy. We reviewed these patients' medical records and determined the severity of psychotic symptoms before and 1 week after the final ECT session with the Clinical Global Impressions Severity Scale (CGI‐S). Improvement in psychotic symptoms was evaluated approximately 1 week after the final ECT session using the CGI Improvement Scale (CGI‐I). Additionally, we assessed cognitive function and dementia severity before and after ECT, as well as any adverse events caused by ECT.

Results

ECT significantly improved psychiatric symptoms, as assessed using the CGI‐S, with CGI‐I reports in the order of 60% “very much improved,” 20% “much improved,” 16% “minimally improved,” and 4% “no change.” Parkinsonism improved (Hoehn and Yahr: 1.76 ± 1.2 before vs. 1.04 ± 0.7 after, p < 0.001) as did dementia severity (Clinical Dementia Rating, p = 0.037). Adverse events included delirium in 24% of patients and amnesia in 4% of patients. ECT did not worsen cognitive function.

Conclusions

ECT for DLB and MCI with LB with antecedent psychiatric symptoms appears safe and effective in managing psychiatric symptoms and Parkinsonism. Further large‐scale multicenter studies are warranted to conclusively establish its effectiveness and safety.
Reliability and Validity of Four Step Tests in Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Chan Wayne Lap Sun , Tsang Sharon Man Ha , Ho Lily Yuen Wah
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To determine the test–retest and inter‐rater reliability, concurrent and discriminative validity of the Four Square Step Test (FSST), the Choice Stepping Reaction Time Test (CSRTT), the Maximum Step Length Test (MSLT), and the Alternate Step Test (AST) in older adults with dementia.

Methods

Thirty‐seven older adults with dementia who could walk independently for at least 10 m were recruited at community centers and day care centers for older adults. The participants completed the step tests conducted by two independent raters on three separate testing occasions within 3 weeks. In addition, the physical and cognitive function of the participants were evaluated at baseline.

Results

The FSST, CSRTT, and MSLT showed good‐to‐excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.83–0.91), and the AST exhibited fair test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.70). All the step tests showed good‐to‐excellent inter‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.75–0.94). The step tests had moderate‐to‐strong correlations with various physical and cognitive measures (Pearson correlation coefficients = 0.34–0.72). The MSLT side step and AST could differentiate between individuals who did and did not use a walking stick to ambulate (p ≤ 0.046). The FSST, CSRTT, and AST could differentiate between individuals with and without a major neurocognitive impairment (p ≤ 0.005).

Conclusion

The FSST, CSRTT, and MSLT were reliable and valid for examining the stepping performance of older adults with dementia. Clinicians can use these tests to evaluate the physical and cognitive function of this population and identify those with significant cognitive impairment.

Trial Registration

Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04296123
Complications in Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery‐Related Vascularized Free Iliac Flap
Authors: Zhang Bin , Qiu Yu‐Zhong , Cao Lei‐Ming , Li Zi‐Zhan , Wang Guang‐Rui , Xiao Yao , Luo Han‐Yue , Liu Bing , Ni Yi‐Feng , Zhao Zhi‐Li , Bu Lin‐Lin
Published: November 2024

Background

Since its first application in 1978, the vascularized free iliac flap (VFIF) has gradually become a mainstay for tissue defect reconstruction. However, the complications associated with harvesting the bone flap and its corresponding reconstruction surgery cannot be overlooked.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review through literature search to identify the types, incidence, influencing factors, measurement methods, and treatment approaches of complications related to DCIA‐related VFIF.

Results

We propose the “LIP” rule (Loss, Injury, Postoperative) for classifying donor site complications. For the four most common recipient sites, mandible, maxilla, extremities, and hip joint, we list the common and rare complications that may occur. Additionally, we provide a summary of the methods and advances in preventing these complications.

Conclusions

We comprehensively describe the complications observed in the application of DCIA‐related VFIF and introduce the “LIP” principle and other strategies to minimize or avoid adverse outcomes.
Modified Total Laryngectomy With Strap‐Flap Technique in a Patient With Bovine Aortic Arch Anomaly: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Nadjmi Julie , Peetermans Olivier , Nicolay Simon , Lauwers Patrick , Van Haesendonck Gilles
Published: November 2024

Background

Total laryngectomy is an essential surgical intervention in the management of advanced laryngeal carcinoma. However, anatomical variations such as the bovine arch can complicate this procedure. The atypical branching pattern of the bovine arch may position major vessels closer to the tracheostomy site, increasing the risk of tracheo‐arterial fistulization.

Methods

We present the case of a 71‐year‐old woman with bovine arch anatomy who underwent total laryngectomy. Preoperative assessment revealed an aberrant right common carotid artery (RCCA) located close to the tracheostomy site. Intraoperatively, the “strap‐flap technique” was employed, positioning the strap muscles between the RCCA and the trachea to minimize friction and reduce the risk of tracheo‐arterial fistula formation.

Results

The laryngectomy was performed successfully without any bleeding complications.

Conclusion

Preoperative assessment of aortic arch anatomy is essential for guiding surgical planning. Surgical modifications, such as the use of strap muscles or pectoralis muscle flaps, are crucial in preventing postoperative complications.
Decreases in K63 Polyubiquitination in the Hippocampus Promote the Formation of Contextual Fear Memories in Both Males and Females
Authors: Preveza Natalie J. , Setenet Gueladouan , Gwin Phillip , Bae Yeeun , Patrick Morgan B. , Cummings Adam , Abraham Jennifer R. , Ray W. Keith , Helm Richard F. , Jarome Timothy J.
Published: November 2024

Over 90% of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells occurs through the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS). In this system, the ubiquitin protein can bind to a substrate on its own or it can form a chain with multiple ubiquitin molecules in a process called polyubiquitination. There are 8 different sites on ubiquitin at which polyubiquitin chains can be formed, the second most abundant of which, lysine‐63 (K63), is independent of the degradation process, though this mark has rarely been studied in the brain or during learning‐dependent synaptic plasticity. Recently, we found that knockdown of K63 polyubiquitination in the amygdala selectively impaired contextual fear memory formation in female, but not male, rats. It is unknown, however, whether the sex‐specific requirement of K63 polyubiquitination occurs in other brain regions that are required for contextual fear memory formation, including the hippocampus. Here, we found that CRISPR‐dCas13‐mediated knockdown of K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus significantly enhanced contextual fear memory in both male and female rats, a result that is in striking contrast to what we observed in the amygdala for both sex‐specificity and directionality. Using unbiased proteomics, we found that following fear conditioning K63 polyubiquitination was primarily decreased at target proteins in the hippocampus of both males and females. Importantly, the target proteins and downstream functional pathways influenced by K63 polyubiquitination changes diverged significantly by sex. Together, these data suggest that unlike what we previously reported in the amygdala, decreases in K63 polyubiquitination in the hippocampus are a critical regulator of memory formation in the hippocampus of both males and females.
Molecular Features of Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphoma Associated With Primary Treatment Resistance
Authors: Bock Allison M. , Wenzl Kerstin , Novak Joseph P. , Stokes Matthew E. , Hopper Melissa A. , Krull Jordan E. , Dropik Abigail R. , Sarangi Vivek , Ortiz Maria , Stong Nicholas , Huang C. Chris , Maurer Matthew J. , King Rebecca L. , Farooq Umar , Wang Yucai , Witzig Thomas E. , Ansell Stephen M. , Habermann Thomas M. , Cerhan James R. , Gandhi Anita K. , Nowakowski Grzegorz , Novak Anne J.
Published: November 2024

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients that fail to achieve a complete metabolic response with frontline immunochemotherapy have a poor prognosis. Genomic profiling has led to a broader understanding of the molecular drivers in DLBCL, but it is unknown how well current classifiers identify patients that will experience primary treatment resistance (PTR). Using whole exome and RNA sequencing data from newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, we evaluated the genomic landscape of PTR and compared it to that of non‐PTR DLBCL. We found a significant increase in the frequency of TP53 (34% vs. 15%, p = 0.005) and ARID1A mutations (21% vs. 7%, p = 0.007) in PTR cases, with pathway analysis further demonstrating a downregulation of TP53 and an increase in chromatin modifying pathways. These results suggest that TP53 and ARID1A may be key mediators of PTR and important pathways contributing to the poor outcomes. We found that the current molecular classifiers were unable to identify PTR cases at diagnosis. However, our newly identified high‐risk signature identified 46% of PTR cases at diagnosis. Overall, these results contribute to our understanding of the genomic landscape of patients with primary treatment resistance.
Challenges Associated With Re‐Emergence of Lassa Fever in Nigeria: An Exploratory Study of Epidemiology, Phylogenomics, and Recommendations Toward Its Eradication
Authors: Adesola Ridwan Olamilekan , Idris Ibrahim , Bakre Adetolase Azizat , Arthur Joseph Fosu , D'Souza Joanna Nicole
Published: November 2024

Background

Lassa fever (LF) is a viral hemorrhagic illness endemic in Nigeria and other West African countries. In recent years, the number of reported cases of LF in Nigeria has increased. In this study, we discussed the epidemiology of LF, the phylogenomics of the LF virus, issues associated with the increased cases of LF, and recommendations for tackling the future occurrence of LF in Nigeria.

Methods

Epidemiology data on LF were obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control database and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. About 59 partial and complete sequences consisting of both small and large segments of the LF virus were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information from 1969 to 2013 to study the evolutionary relationship of the LF virus in Nigeria.

Results

Nigeria has been shown to have the highest prevalence of Lassa fever among African countries, with seasonal occurrence in both wet and dry seasons. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis of the LF virus showed a great relationship with several outbreaks of LF in Nigeria and other African countries.

Conclusion

To combat the increasing cases of LF in Nigeria, there is a need to increase the molecular diagnosis capacity in Nigeria, improve public health awareness about the disease in rural and urban settlements, integrate a surveillance system through the One Health lens, and support LF vaccine research in Africa.
A Stretchable, Attachable, and Transparent Polyionic Ecological Skin for Robust Self‐Powered Interactive Sensing
Authors: Bai Zhiqing , Xu Yunlong , Fan Yuan , Zhang Qichong
Published: November 2024

Bioinspired energy‐autonomous interactive electronics are prevalent. However, self‐powered artificial skins are often challenging to be combined with excellent mechanical properties, optical transparency, autonomous attachability, and biocompatibility. Herein, a robust ecological polyionic skin (polyionic eco‐skin) based on triboelectric mechanism consisting of ethyl cellulose/waterborne polyurethane/Cu nanoparticles (EWC) green electroactive sensitive material and polyethylene oxide/waterborne polyurethane/phytic acid (PWP) polyionic current collector is proposed. The polyionic eco‐skin features sufficient stretchability (90%) and low Young's modulus (0.8 MPa) close to that of human soft tissue, high transparency (> 84% of transmission) in the visible light range, and broad static/dynamic adhesiveness, which endows it with strong adaptive implementation capacity in flexible curved electronics. More importantly, the self‐powered polyionic eco‐skin exhibits enhanced force‐electric conversion performance by coordinating the effect of nanoparticle‐polymer interfacial polarization and porous structure of sensitive material. Integrating multiple characteristics enables the polyionic eco‐skin to effectively convert biomechanical energy into electrical energy, supporting self‐powered functionality for itself and related circuits. Moreover, the eco‐skin can be utilized to construct an interactive system and realize the remote noncontact manipulation of targets. The polyionic eco‐skin holds tremendous application potential in self‐powered security systems, human–machine interaction interfaces, and bionic robots, which is expected to inject new vitality into a human–cyber–physical intelligence integration.
Approach to diagnosing and managing anaemia in cats
Authors: Barker Emi
Published: November 2024

Background: The primary role of red blood cells (RBCs) is the safe transport of oxygen‐carrying haemoglobin from the lungs to the capillary beds. Anaemia is a common clinical and clinicopathological finding in cats, occurring when functional haemoglobin concentrations in blood are reduced. Although commonly attributed to a reduction in RBC numbers or mass, a reduced mean cell haemoglobin concentration and, rarely, haemoglobinopathies can also contribute. Clinical signs of anaemia range from subclinical to severe and life threatening, and primarily relate to reduced oxygen carrying capacity. Other signs relating to acute volume loss (eg, following haemorrhage), inflammation (eg, due to haemolysis) or the pathology underlying the anaemia may be of greater clinical relevance. The differential list for anaemia itself is long, but careful evaluation of clinicopathological changes can allow clinicians to narrow this list and focus investigation.

Aim of the article: This article discusses the common causes of anaemia in cats and how to make a definitive diagnosis, as well as the treatment options to correct the underlying cause.
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy. Part 2: manifestations and treatment of clinical DCM
Authors: Crosland Andrew , Davis William , Dukes‐McEwan Joanna
Published: November 2024

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the second most common heart disease in dogs, and is more common in large or giant breeds. Physical examination may be unremarkable before the development of clinical signs such as congestive heart failure (CHF), syncopal episodes due to arrhythmias or impaired cardiac output. Different breeds may have different manifestations of DCM, with atrial fibrillation being common in Irish wolfhounds, and ventricular arrhythmias being common in dobermanns. Arrhythmias may coexist or precede development of typical echocardiographic changes of DCM. Idiopathic DCM is believed to have a genetic basis but there can be other causes of the echocardiographic changes that are typical in DCM (called a DCM phenotype), such as nutritional or secondary to primary arrhythmias (tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy), which need to be excluded. Treatment is palliative and directed at identifying and treating the primary cause of a DCM phenotype, treating CHF or significant arrhythmias. This is the second article in a two‐part series on DCM. Part 1, which was published in the November issue of In Practice, focused on the screening, diagnosis and management of preclinical DCM.

Aim of the article: The aim of this article is to update the veterinary surgeon with presentations and manifestations of dogs with DCM, to exclude contributing factors mimicking DCM and to successfully manage affected patients.
Structural factors and their influence on the use of novel antidiabetic agents: Making the case for increased awareness and access to clinical pharmacy services
Authors: Trejos Kweyete Olga Monika , Woods Desrae , Okoumba Joahn , Guo Serena Jingchuan , Allen John M.
Published: November 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects over 38 million Americans, leading to significant health complications and substantial healthcare costs. Novel antidiabetic medications, such as SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP‐1 receptor agonists, have shown promise in improving glycemic control and reducing cardiovascular risks. However, their underuse, particularly among minority populations, remains a concern. This review examines the impact of structural factors, including socioeconomic determinants and historical practices like redlining, on the utilization of new antidiabetic agents. Disparities in T2D outcomes are driven by inadequate access to care and neighborhood characteristics. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive strategies, including the integration of pharmacist support to enhance medication adherence and overall T2D management. Understanding the influence of structural racism on healthcare disparities is crucial for improving access and outcomes for all patients.
Graphene Oxide Functionalized GelMA Platform Loaded With BFP‐1 for Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Guo Taowen , Lin Shifan , Zou Le , Zhang Guoliang , Long Jiaqi , Zhang Zhiping , Wang Shan
Published: November 2024

Spinal fusion is the ultimate choice for most patients with severe disc degeneration, and bone tissue engineering offers novel strategies to improve intervertebral bone growth and fusion. In this study, we utilized graphene oxide (GO) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) to prepare GelMA/GO composite hydrogel scaffolds with different GO concentrations. By characterizing the various properties of the scaffolds, it was learned that the composite scaffold containing 1.2 mg/mL GO possessed the best overall performance, and we used it for subsequent experiments. GelMA/GO composite scaffolds containing different bone‐forming peptide‐1 (BFP‐1) concentrations were constructed and cocultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and the results showed that GelMA/GO composite scaffolds containing 0.4 mg/mL BFP‐1 induced the cells to produce more ALP and mineralized matrix. The above scaffold was further investigated as a GelMA/GO@BFP‐1 composite, and the results showed that it promoted the production of ALP and mineralized matrix in BMSCs, and significantly enhanced the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes (ALP, Runx‐2, OCN, OPN) and proteins (Runx‐2, OCN). It suggests that the GelMA/GO@BFP‐1 complex promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and has the potential tobe used as a bone implant for improving intervertebral bone fusion.
Albumin/Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticle‐Laden Contact Lenses for the Ocular Delivery of 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: Senra Sara F. M. , Veloso Sérgio R. S. , Lira Madalena , Castanheira Elisabete M. S.
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses are a formidable strategy for ocular drug delivery. However, incorporating nanoparticles to achieve sustained drug release without affecting the contact lenses' properties remains a challenging task. In this work, daily and monthly replacement silicone‐hydrogel contact lenses laden with bovine serum albumin/hyaluronic acid (BSA/HA) nanoparticles are presented. These nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses enable the sustained release of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in mimetic physiological conditions. The nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses display properties similar to neat contact lenses, including refractive index, water content, UV/visible transmittance and chemical structure. Noteworthy attributes include the BSA/HA nanoparticles' low polydispersity, negative surface charge and a hydrodynamic size of ~210 nm, as well as the high nanoparticle loading efficiency (~ 30%) of the contact lenses. Thereby, the BSA/HA nanoparticles are a promising strategy for developing nanoparticle‐laden contact lenses for therapeutic applications, namely for sustained drug delivery.
Integrated in silico‐in vitro profiling of the systematic response of paclitaxel and its analogues to clinical tubulin variations in gynecologic cancers: Implications for the molecular mechanism of acquired tumor chemoresistance
Authors: Lu Wenxiao , Shen Lili , Zhao Shijian
Published: November 2024

Tubulin is the basic building block of microtubule and has been established as a druggable target of various cancers. However, a large number of somatic missense variations have been clinically observed to harbor in the tubulin protein, which can cause drug resistance to microtubule‐stabilizing agents (MSAs), thus largely limiting the applications of MSAs in tumor chemotherapy. In this study, we created a systematic response profile of (PTX), the first approved MSA, as well as its diverse analogues (we herein termed paclitogues [PLGs]), to various tubulin variations by using an integrated in silico‐in vitro (iSiV) strategy. These PLGs share a similar action mechanism and the same binding pocket with PTX, while these variations were enriched from the gene ontology (GO) network involving a variety of gynecologic cancers (GCs). A considerable difference between the ligand response profiles to α‐ and β‐tubulin variations was observed; the former commonly has only marginal and even effects, whereas the latter generally exhibits significant but dramatically changeable responses. A number of resistant variations and few sensitive variations were identified from the profile; they can considerably reduce PTX affinity by up to ~30‐fold or moderately improve the affinity by <5‐fold. Multiple resistant variations can co‐work in a single tubulin variant to further combat with the PTX ligand. By examining their locations in the structural architecture of tubulin protein, it is revealed that resistant variations occur either in MSA‐binding pocket to directly block ligand binding or out of the pocket to indirectly impair the binding through a long‐range conformational effect, while the sensitive variations promote the binding by forming additional noncovalent interactions with ligand.
Novel Cu2O/Bi2WO6 composite for the photoreduction of CO2 to fuel
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Zhang Yu‐Cheng , Wu Ren‐Jang , Lin Wei‐Yi
Published: November 2024

In this study, Cu2O was prepared using a one‐step reduction method, and Bi2WO6 was uniformly mixed with Cu2O in various proportions to obtain Cu2O/Bi2WO6 composites with different Bi2WO6 contents. The prepared samples (Cu2O and Cu2O/Bi2WO6) were used as photocatalytic materials in the photo‐reductive conversion of CO2 into CH4 and CO. The morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition of the obtained photocatalysts were investigated using a series of characterization methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, the photoreduction of CO2 using the prepared samples was studied under low‐power visible LED lights irradiation (blue LED and green LED) to save energy. Experimental results showed that Cu2O/Bi2WO6 with a 3:1 ratio possessed the optimal properties, yielding 27.4 μmol g−1 of methane and 30.6 μmol g−1 of carbon monoxide under green light.
Depression, Drinking to Cope, and Alcohol Use Severity Among Latinos Who Drink: The Moderating Role of Sex
Authors: Cobb Cory L.
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The present study evaluated sex differences in the direct and indirect links between depressive symptoms, coping motives to drink, and alcohol use severity among Latinos who drink.

Methods

A large and diverse panel sample of Latinos, who were strategically sampled to be reflective of the Latino demographics of the state of Texas, completed questionnaires assessing their depressive symptomatology, coping motives to drink, and alcohol use behaviors.

Results

Direct effects were significant in hypothesized directions such that depressive symptoms was positively associated with both coping motives to drink and alcohol use severity, and drinking motives to cope were positively associated with alcohol use severity. Moderator analysis showed that, compared to Latina women, the association of depressive symptoms with both drinking to cope and alcohol use severity was significantly higher among Latino men. Regarding indirect effects, a moderated mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of depressive symptoms on alcohol use severity through coping motives to drink was statistically significant for both Latino/a men and women; however, the index of moderated mediation showed that this indirect effect was significantly greater among Latino men.

Conclusion

Although both Latino/a men and women may consume alcohol and turn to alcohol to drink with negative affect associated with depressive symptoms, this process may be stronger among Latino men. Findings are discussed considering prior work and implications for practitioners.
Comparison of the accuracy and efficacy of different assistive techniques in primary total knee arthroplasty: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zheng Yuhang , Li Yang , Yuan Ziqi , Geng Xiao , Tian Hua
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Various assistive techniques, such as conventional cutting instruments (CON), computer‐assisted navigation systems (CAS), patient‐specific instruments (PSI) and robot‐assisted systems (RAS), have been developed and applied in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we aimed to assess the relative accuracy and efficacy of several assistive techniques for TKA through a network meta‐analysis (NMA) based on multiple published randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs to conduct this NMA from inception to 1 January 2024. We combined direct and indirect comparisons using a Bayesian NMA framework to assess and compare the effects of different assistive techniques on radiological and clinical outcomes. An NMA was conducted, and the study protocol was published online at PROSPERO (CRD42023402882).

Results

One hundred and twelve RCTs involving 14,968 TKAs with four different assistive techniques (CON, CAS, PSI and RAS) were evaluated. Inconsistency and heterogeneity were acceptable for most outcomes. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, RAS could be the best technique for accurate mechanical axis alignment and component position, followed by CAS, PSI and CON. We observed no difference in clinical outcome scores. Additionally, CAS was the best intervention for visual analogue scale scores, and PSI had the shortest operative time. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications, range of motion or total blood loss.

Conclusion

RAS was most likely to achieve an accurate alignment, followed by CAS, PSI and CON. No differences were observed in clinical outcome scores and postoperative complications among the four assistive techniques.

Level of Evidence

Level I (systematic review of Level‐I randomized controlled studies).
Establishment of a Reverse Genetics System for Rotavirus Vaccine Strain LLR and Developing Vaccine Candidates Carrying VP7 Gene Cloned From Human Strains Circulating in China
Authors: Liu Xiafei , Li Shan , Yu Junjie , Chai Pengdi , Xie Zhiping , Pang Lili , Li Jinsong , Zhu Wuyang , Ren Weihong , Duan Zhaojun
Published: November 2024

Human rotavirus A (RVA) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The LLR RVA vaccine, which licensed in 2000 and widely used in China, significantly reduced rotavirus disease burden in China. With the changing of RV circulating strains and the emergence of new genotypes, the LLR vaccine against RVGE needed to be upgraded. In this study, we aimed to establish an RG system for the RVA vaccine strain LLR (G10P[15]). Transfection with plasmids expressing 11 genomic RNA segments of LLR along with the pCMV/868CP helper plasmid, resulted in rescue of the infectious virus with an artificially introduced genetic marker on its genome, indicating that an RG system for the LLR strain was successfully established. Furthermore, the plasmid‐based reverse genetics system was used to generate lamb RVA reassortants with VP4 or VP7 genes derived from human RVA strains in China, which were not previously adapted to cell culture. We were able to rescue the six VP7 (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, and G9) mono‐reassortants, but no VP4 (P[4] or P[8]) mono‐reassortant was rescued. The six VP7 reassortants covered all G‐genotypes currently circulating in China and stably replicated in MA104 cells, which should be exploited as the next‐generation rotavirus vaccines candidates in China. Furthermore, the LLR RG system in this study will be a useful vaccine vector for intestinal pathogens such as norovirus and Vibrio cholerae.
A FinFET‐Based Low‐Power Static Random Access Memory Cell With Improved Stability
Authors: Rana Gautam , Sachdeva Ashish , Elangovan M. , Sharma Kulbhushan
Published: November 2024

This work presents a FinFET‐based stable, and low‐power consuming static random access memory (SRAM) bit‐cell that used eight transistors. The performance parameter of proposed feedback‐cutting 8T (FC8T) is compared with four pre‐published cell circuits, i.e., 6T, read‐decoupled 8T(8TRD), Schmitt‐trigger based 10T (10TST), and Schmitt‐trigger‐based modified 10 T (10TMST). The write power in proposed design is reduced by 1.36×/1.32×/1.88×/1.47× compared to 6T/8TRD/10TST/10TMST cells. The write and read stability of proposed design is improved by 1.15×/1.86×/1.28×/1.148× and 2.27×/1×/1.57×/1.11×, respectively. The proposed design also shows the low variability compared to other SRAM bit‐cells.
Employee Gender, Family‐To‐Work Conflict Bias, and Supervisor Ostracism: A Social Exchange Perspective
Authors: Webster Jennica R. , Adams Gary A. , Thoroughgood Christian N.
Published: November 2024

Family‐to‐work conflict (FWC) bias captures an erroneous assumption that women have more FWC than men. Existing research has relied on a “lack of fit” perspective (i.e., women have less person–job and person–organization fit compared with men) to explain why this bias detracts from women's work outcomes. Building on this, we propose a novel social exchange cost explanation for these effects. We argue that FWC bias promotes a belief in supervisors that female subordinates are less reliable in fulfilling work duties and, therefore, less able to reciprocate resources invested in them. This concern, we maintain, is manifested in their diminished cognitive trust in their female (vs. male) subordinates. In turn, we argue that supervisors, because of their lower cognitive trust, will reciprocate by engaging in greater ostracism of their female (vs. male) employees. To test these predictions, we conducted three studies, including an experimentally randomized instrumental variable design, a multisource field survey using supervisor–subordinate dyads, and an experiment in which we utilized a bias‐disrupting strategy. Overall, our findings suggest that women are perceived as having greater FWC than men, leading supervisors to have less cognitive trust in them relative to men, which in turn, manifests in greater ostracism of female subordinates.
How Did the COVID‐19 Pandemic Change Cigarette Smoking Behavior?
Authors: Semprini Jason
Published: November 2024

Background

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although smoking rates have been declining, it is unclear how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacted smoking behaviors.

Methods

Following a preregistered plan, we accessed population‐based data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2010–2023) to analyze three primary outcomes: (1) currently smoking, (2) number of cigarettes per day, and (3) quit smoking in the past year. Two‐way fixed effect linear regression models accounted for state‐level factors and temporal trends. Splitting each survey into an early and late wave, we identified the effect of exposure to the COVID‐19 pandemic by comparing changes in an unexposed reference group (interviewed January 1–March 20, early wave) with the changes in an exposed group (interviewed January 1–March 31, late wave).

Results

The sample included 1,449,112 responses, among which 12.8% were in the late wave. Baseline smoking prevalence was 15.9% in the late wave, with an average of 12.5 cigarettes smoked per day among smokers. 8.6% of the late‐wave respondents attempted to quit smoking in the past year. Overall, we found a negative 1.7% point association between the pandemic and smoking prevalence. However, among smokers, we found that the pandemic was associated with 5.1 more cigarettes smoked per day. The pandemic was also associated with a 6.3% point decline in the probability of attempting to quit smoking in the past year. While these results did not vary significantly over time, we did observe heterogeneous associations between the pandemic and smoking outcomes by socioeconomic subgroups.

Conclusions

Smoking prevalence continues to decline in the United States, and the pandemic appeared to have been associated with lower smoking rates. However, our results suggest that the pandemic was also associated with greater intensity and fewer quit attempts among smokers warranting greater attention from policymakers and researchers.
Dexamethasone Acetate‐Loaded PLGA Nanospheres Targeting Liver Macrophages
Authors: Boltnarova Barbora , Durinova Anna , Jandova Lenka , Micuda Stanislav , Kucera Otto , Pavkova Ivona , Machacek Miloslav , Nemeckova Ivana , Vojta Marek , Dusek Jan , Krutakova Maria , Nachtigal Petr , Pavek Petr , Holas Ondrej
Published: November 2024

Glucocorticoids are potent anti‐inflammatory drugs, although their use is associated with severe side effects. Loading glucocorticoids into suitable nanocarriers can significantly reduce these undesirable effects. Macrophages play a crucial role in inflammation, making them strategic targets for glucocorticoid‐loaded nanocarriers. The main objective of this study is to develop a glucocorticoid‐loaded PLGA nanocarrier specifically targeting liver macrophages, thereby enabling the localized release of glucocorticoids at the site of inflammation. Dexamethasone acetate (DA)‐loaded PLGA nanospheres designed for passive macrophage targeting are synthesized using the nanoprecipitation method. Two types of PLGA NSs in the size range of 100–300 nm are prepared, achieving a DA‐loading efficiency of 19 %. Sustained DA release from nanospheres over 3 days is demonstrated. Flow cytometry analysis using murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages demonstrates the efficient internalization of fluorescent dye‐labeled PLGA nanospheres, particularly into pro‐inflammatory macrophages. Significant down‐regulation in pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes mRNA is observed without apparent cytotoxicity after treatment with DA‐loaded PLGA nanospheres. Subsequent experiments in mice confirm liver macrophage‐specific nanospheres accumulation following intravenous administration using in vivo imaging, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Taken together, the data show that the DA‐loaded PLGA nanospheres are a promising drug‐delivery system for the treatment of inflammatory liver diseases.
Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Phase Behavior of Pharmaceutical Drug‐Polymer Dispersions
Authors: Klueppelberg Jana , Handge Ulrich A. , Thommes Markus , Winck Judith
Published: November 2024

The formulation as amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) addresses recent challenges in the oral administration of poorly‐soluble drugs by embedding them in highly‐soluble carrier polymers. In this context, utilizing CO2 as a processing agent is an innovative strategy to facilitate the dissolution of the drug in the polymer at comparatively low temperatures without the use of any organic solvents. Within this study, the influence of CO2 on the phase behavior of ASD formulations is investigated. Therefore, high‐pressure differential scanning calorimetry is applied to evaluate the dissolution of the drugs in the polymers and the glass transition temperatures under CO2 of four formulations containing the drugs acetaminophen and itraconazole as well as the polymers Soluplus and vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer. The glass transition temperatures of the ASD formulations decrease with CO2 fraction dissolved in the polymer. The extent of Tg reduction is related to the spatial structure and intermolecular interactions of the polymers. Furthermore, the sorption of CO2 accelerates the diffusion of the drugs in the plasticized polymers. However, phase separation is observed in some formulations under CO2 loading which has an impact on the stability of the ASD and has to be considered in process design.
Design and performance of a novel multi‐leaf collimator composed of leaves with fixed and movable layers
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Niu Chuanmeng , Liu Yuxiang , Cui Weijie , Tian Yuan , Dai Jianrong
Published: November 2024

Background

The multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) is an advanced device utilized for beam shaping and intensity modulation in radiotherapy. With the framework of the contemporary single‐layer MLC featuring a rounded leaf tip, the leaf tip transmission and leakage exert a considerable influence on radiotherapy.

Purpose

To scale down the leakage and transmission from the leaf gap when the opposite leaves are closed.

Methods

This study proposes a new design of MLC, named dynamic leaf machine (DLM), specifically engineered to diminish the transmission and leakage from the MLC leaf tip. The DLM incorporates an innovative leaf configuration that involves a combination of fixed and movable layers in a single MLC leaf named fixed and movable (FM) layers leaf, which is advantageous in dealing with transmission and leakage from the leaf tip by employing a staggered arrangement of the fixed and movable layer when the opposite leaves are closed. Subsequently, the DLM is assembled on the Elekta VERSA HD accelerator to assess its performance, focusing on aspects of mechanical characters, transmission, leakage, and penumbra.

Results

In comparison to conventional MLC leaves, the FM leaf design in the DLM has achieved a remarkable reduction in the leakage between opposed closed leaves, decreasing it from 48.41% to 0.41%. Additionally, the transmission between the adjacent leaves has been measured at 0.59%, and the penumbra in 16 mm × 32 mm field is 2.82 mm, aligning with the performance of conventional MLC.

Conclusions

The DLM with FM leaf performs a significant reduction in transmission from the opposite leaf tip in comparison to conventional MLC while maintaining minimal penumbra, effectively mitigating the transmission and leakage problem between opposing leaves, thereby enhancing the effect of radiotherapy.
A Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on TPU/PLA for Basketball Motion Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Jun , Ma Shuai
Published: November 2024

Sports monitoring equipment that integrates advanced sensing technology has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Hence, we proposed a TPU/PLA 3D printing film triboelectric nanogenerator (TP‐TENG) to monitor basketball player posture for training effectiveness evaluation. By introducing carbon fibers, TPU/PLA/Carbon film with conductive and positive triboelectric properties was prepared. According to results, the peak power density is 58.38 mW m−2 when the load resistance of 30 MΩ is matched. Nevertheless, when TP‐TENG encounters wrinkles and continues to work for a period of time, its output performance will tend to stabilize. And the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), transfer charge (QSC), and short‐circuit current (ISC) increase to 91 %, 92 %, and 92 %, respectively, almost the same as their original values. Furthermore, the TP‐TENG sensor can recognize human posture in different basketball motion posture, including skipping, squatting, walking, running. This work can help to promote the application of 3D printing TENG in basketball sports monitoring.
Intravenous iron treatment fuels chronic kidney disease‐induced arterial media calcification in rats
Authors: Van den Branden Astrid , Opdebeeck Britt , Adriaensen Saar , Evenepoel Pieter , Vanden Berghe Tom , Verhulst Anja
Published: November 2024

Arterial media calcification is a severe cardiovascular complication commonly manifesting in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with CKD frequently undergo intravenous iron therapy to address iron deficiency. Iron is suggested to be sequestered in vascular cells, potentially leading to oxidative (lipid) stress and cell death, which are recognized as key contributors to arterial calcification. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous iron administration on CKD‐induced arterial media calcification. Therefore, adenine‐induced CKD rats were treated intravenously with iron and checked for arterial iron deposition and calcification, as well as for ferritin and lipid peroxidation markers. Additionally, arterial sections from patients with CKD who were dialysis dependent were analyzed for these parameters. This study showed that intravenous iron administration in CKD rats led to arterial iron deposition and a lipid peroxidation signature. CKD‐induced arterial calcification was increased upon iron treatment and correlated with arterial iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation markers. Patients with CKD who were dialysis dependent showed arterial iron accumulation and elevated lipid peroxidation, but a direct correlation with arterial calcification was lacking. Taken together, iron treatment is suggested as a potential contributor to the calcification process, instead of being a predominant factor, thereby emphasizing the complexity of arterial calcification as a multifactorial disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Empirical convergence between Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative DSM‐5 model for personality disorders
Authors: Ohse Ludwig , Kerber André , Zimmermann Johannes , Kampe Leonie , Mohr Jil , Busch Oliver , Rentrop Michael , Hörz‐Sagstetter Susanne
Published: November 2024

Both Kernberg's model of personality organization and the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–5th edition provide a multidimensional framework for assessing personality pathology, while having a dual focus on general and specific personality pathology. The present study was the first to investigate the empirical convergence between measures of personality organization and the AMPD (personality functioning and pathological personality traits), considering general and specific personality pathology. A mixed clinical sample completed self‐reports for personality organization, personality functioning and pathological personality traits, as well as an interview for personality organization. Two bifactor models with three specific exploratory factors were estimated, comprising a self‐report model based on domain scores using exploratory factor analysis (n = 336) and a multi‐method model predominantly based on subdomain scores applying exploratory structural equation modelling (n = 277). Both bifactor models yielded strong general factors with high loadings of the personality organization domains identity and primitive defences, as well as the personality functioning domains. The specific factors suggest convergence between other‐directed aggression (personality organization), restricted moral functioning (personality organization) and antagonism (pathological personality traits), between diminished reality testing (personality organization) and psychoticism (pathological personality traits) and between maladaptive object relations (personality organization), impaired interpersonal functioning (personality functioning) and detachment (pathological personality traits). It can be concluded that measures of personality organization and the AMPD strongly converge regarding both general and specific personality pathology. Kernberg's model of personality organization may serve as a valuable complement to the AMPD, guiding forthcoming research and the clinical assessment of personality pathology.