bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing Interactive Learning Media Based on Realistic Mathematics Education for Merdeka Curriculum in Elementary Schools
Authors: Olivia Nesta , Fitria Yanti , Ahmad Syafri , Rakimahwati  , Sayfullooh Istiqomah As
Published: October 2024

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka menuntut perubahan pembelajaran di sekolah dasar agar menjadi lebih relevan dan interaktif. Sayangnya, masih banyak guru yang bergantung pada pembelajaran berbasis buku teks dan LKPD, tanpa menggunakan media yang dapat menggugah motivasi belajar peserta didik. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) yang valid dan praktis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pengembangan (R&D) dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Total 79 siswa dari 3 sekolah dasar di Kota Padang menjadi subjek penelitian. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan mencakup observasi, wawancara dan kuisioner. Penelitian ini menghasilkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis RME untuk Kurikulum Merdeka yang sangat valid dan sangat praktis untuk digunakan pada kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas.
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum demands a change in elementary school education to make it more relevant and interactive. Unfortunately, many teachers still rely on textbook-based learning and student worksheets (LKPD), without using media that can stimulate students' motivation to learn. This research aims to develop interactive learning media based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) that are valid and practical. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model. A total of 79 students from 3 elementary schools in the city of Padang were the research subjects. Data collection instruments used include observations, interviews, and questionnaires. This study resulted in interactive RME-based learning media for the Merdeka Curriculum that are highly valid and highly practical for use in classroom learning activities.
Developing Remedial Learning Videos on Algebraic Expression Material in Junior High Schools
Authors: Khairani Salsabila , Mailizar  , Hidayat Mukhlis , Johar Rahmah
Published: October 2024

Pelaksanaan pembelajaran remedial yang terjadi saat ini dianggap belum sesuai dengan Permendikbud No 103 tahun 2014 karena guru mengalami keterbatasan waktu. Penggunaan video pembelajaran remedial berbasis e-learning merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan video pembelajaran remedial berbasis e-learning pada materi bentuk aljabar yang memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis, dan efektif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 82 Siswa Kelas VIII dari tiga jenjang sekolah Banda Aceh. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan lembar validasi video, angket respon siswa, dan tes remedial menggunakan e-learning. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa video pembelajaran remedial diperoleh rerata validasi adalah 98.40% memiliki kriteria sangat valid, hasil respon siswa sebesar 83.28% memiliki kriteria praktis, dan efektif berdasarkan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dilihat dari N-Gain pada tes diagnostik dan tes remedial sebesar 0.57 pada kategori sedang.
The current implementation of remedial learning is considered not in accordance with Permendikbud (Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture) No. 103 of 2014 because teachers experience time constraints. Using remedial learning videos based on e-learning is one of the efforts that can be made to overcome these constraints. This study aimed to develop remedial learning videos based on e-learning on algebraic forms material that met valid, practical, and effective criteria. This study used the research and development approach with the ADDIE development model. The subjects in this study were 82 Grade VIII students at three levels of school in Banda Aceh. The instruments used were a validation sheet, student response questionnaire, and remedial test using e-learning. Based on the results of the study, the validation average obtained is 98.40% with very valid criteria, student response obtained at 83.28% with practical criteria, and effective based on the increase in student learning outcomes seen from the N-Gain on the diagnostic test and remedial test of 0.57 in the moderate category.
Realistic Mathematics-Based E-Booklets to Improve Students' Mathematical Literacy Ability
Authors: Wahyuni Indah , Suwarno  , Afdhila Dila
Published: October 2024

Kemampuan literasi numerasi siswa SMP masih rendah. Diperlukan media untuk memfasilitasi peningkatan literasi numerasi, misalnya dengan E-booklet berbasis matematika realistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan dan validitas, serta kepraktisan efektivitas pengembangan E-Booklet berbasis matematika realistik terhadap kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Model penelitian dan pengembangan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Penelitian dilakukan pada salah satu SMPN di Siliragung. Subjek penelitian dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, kuesioner, dan tes. Analisis data menggunakan uji-t untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. Hasil  penelitian ini berupa e-booklet berbasis matematika realistik pada materi perbandingan dengan kriteria valid dengan rerata presentase validitas sebesar 93%. E-booklet ini dinyatakan praktis digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran dengan perolehan rerata kepraktisan sebesar 80% dan dinyatakan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan literasi matematis siswa. E-booklet berbasis matematika realistik memenuhi kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektifan sehingga layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran.
The numeracy literacy ability of junior high school students is still low. Media is needed to facilitate the improvement of numeracy literacy, for example with realistic mathematics-based E-booklets. This study aims to describe the development process and validity, as well as the practicality of the effectiveness of developing realistic mathematics-based E-Booklets on students' mathematical literacy abilities. The research and development model in this study uses the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The study was conducted at one of the junior high schools in Siliragung. The research subjects were selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis used the t-test to determine the improvement of students' mathematical literacy abilities. The results of this study were in the form of realistic mathematics-based e-booklets on comparative material with valid criteria with an average validity percentage of 93%. This e-booklet was declared practical to use in the learning process with an average practicality of 80% and was declared effective in improving students' mathematical literacy abilities. Realistic mathematics-based e-booklets meet validity, practicality and effectiveness so they are suitable for use as learning media.
Augmented Reality for Mathematics Learning: Could We Implement It in Elementary School?
Authors: Saputro Totok Victor Didik , Purnasari Pebria Dheni , Lumbantobing Winda Lidia , Sadewo Yosua Damas
Published: October 2024

Teknologi berkembang pesat dan diantaranya diterapkan di bidang pendidikan. Namun, faktanya masih banyak guru yang belum mampu mengimplementasikan teknologi dan media pembelajaran digital dalam pembelajaran di kelas. Augmented reality menjadi salah satu alternatif media pembelajaran untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pemanfaatan augmented reality dalam pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar. Analisis dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian scoping review dengan batasan pada hasil artikel yang dipublikasikan selama 3 tahun terakhir. Tahap scoping review menggunakan kerangka Aksey dan O'Malley. Artikel diambil dari hasil publikasi artikel pada Jurnal Terindeks SINTA dengan kata kunci “Augmented Reality” ATAU “Pembelajaran Matematika” ATAU “Sekolah Dasar”. Hasil eksplorasi dianalisis menggunakan kerangka Preferred for Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa augmented reality dapat diimplementasikan untuk pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar mengacu pada karakteristik augmented reality yang diadaptasi pada gaya belajar siswa sekolah dasar, tantangan penerapan augmented reality, dan dampak belajar siswa.
Technology is developing rapidly and some of it is being applied in the field of education. However, the fact is that there are still many teachers who are not able to implement digital learning technology and media in classroom learning. Augmented reality is then an alternative learning media that can be implemented in learning mathematics in elementary schools. This study aims to analyze the use of augmented reality in learning mathematics in elementary schools. The analysis was carried out using a scoping review research approach with limitations on the results of published articles for the last 3 years. The scoping review stage used Aksey and O'Malley's framework. The articles were taken from the results of article publication in the National Science and Technology Index Indexed Journal (SINTA) using the keywords "Augmented Reality" OR "Mathematics Learning" OR "Elementary School". The outcomes of this exploration were then analyzed using the Preferred for Reporting of Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) framework. The result of this study stated that augmented reality can be implemented for mathematics learning in elementary schools referring to the characteristics of adapted augmented reality on the learning styles of elementary school students, the challenges of implementing augmented reality, and the students' learning impacts.
Effect of Project-Based Learning Model on Students' Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Ismail Sumarno , Jusuf Nurul Fatwa Anbiya , Zakaria Perry , Achmad Novianita , Rif’at Nazmi
Published: October 2024

Masalah dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada rendahnya kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa di sekolah menengah atas, yang menjadi perhatian utama dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh model project based learning (PjBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa kelas X di salah satu sekolah di Tilamuta, kabupaten Boalemo. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan desain penelitian One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 3 kelas eksperimen (E1, E2, E3). Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi berbentuk esai. Analisis inferensial menunjukkan bahwa H0 ditolak, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam pengaruh model project based learning (PjBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa di ketiga kelas tersebut.
The problem in this study focuses on the low level of students' higher order thinking skills in senior high school, which is a major concern in improving the quality of learning. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of project-based learning (PjBL) model on the high-level thinking ability of grade X students in one of the schools in Tilamuta, Boalemo district. This research method is an experiment with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design research design. The research subjects consisted of 3 experimental classes (E1, E2, E3). The data collection technique was done through an essay-shaped higher order thinking ability test. Inferential analysis showed that H0 was rejected, which means there is a significant difference in the effect of the project-based learning (PjBL) model on students' higher-order thinking skills in the three classes.
Student's Computational Thinking Ability in Solving Sequences and Series: The Difference between Male and Female
Authors: Elmawati  , Dahlan Jarnawi Afgani , Marthadiputra Bambang Avip Priatna , Muhammad Ilham
Published: October 2024

Berpikir komputasi telah menjadi keterampilan penting di era digital abad ke-21, yang melibatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah, menganalisis data, dan membuat keputusan menggunakan prinsip komputasi. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, keterampilan CT dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan gender. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni untuk mengkaji perbandingan kemampuan berpikir komputasi matematis siswa laki-laki dan perempuan, serta mendeskripsikan kemampuan berpikir komputasi matematis siswa ditinjau dari gender dalam menyelesaikan soal barisan dan deret. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah mixed method dengan desain sequential explanatory yang menekankan pada pengumpulan data kuantitatif lebih dulu kemudian data kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas VIII SMP di Kota Bandung dengan melibatkan 18 orang siswa, terdiri dari 7 siswa laki-laki dan 11 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data terdiri dari tes kemampuan berpikir komputasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kemampuan berpikir komputasi siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Sedangkan secara kualitatif, menunjukkan siswa laki-laki dan perempuan menyelesaikan persoalan dengan proses yang berbeda khususnya pada keterampilan dekomposisi dan abstraksi, lalu pada keterampilan pengenalan pola dan berpikir algoritmik tidak ditemukan perbedaan.
Computational thinking (CT) has become an essential skill in the digital age of the 21st century, involving the ability to solve problems, analyze data and make decisions using computational principles. According to previous research, gender differences can impact CT skills. This study aimed to compare male and female students' mathematical CT abilities and describe students' mathematical CT abilities in terms of gender in solving sequence and series questions. The research method used is a mixed method with a sequential explanatory design that emphasizes collecting quantitative data first, then qualitative data. This research was conducted on class VIII students of junior high schools in Bandung City, involving 18 students, consisting of 7 male students and 11 female students. The data collection technique consisted of a CT ability test and an interview. The results revealed no statistically significant difference between male and female students' CT abilities. While qualitatively, it shows that male and female students solve problems with different processes, especially in decomposition and abstraction skills, there is no difference in pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking skills.
Didactic Transposition from Scholarly Mathematics to School Mathematics: The Case of Function Concept
Authors: Andriatna Riki , Sujadi Imam
Published: October 2024

Konsep fungsi menjadi jembatan beberapa konsep lain dalam matematika sehingga memberikan pandangan berbeda terhadap suatu permasalahan dalam matematika. Dengan demikian, proses transposisi pengetahuan menjadi sangat penting untuk diperhatikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat transposisi konsep fungsi dari scholarly mathematics terhadap school mathematics. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan sumber data yaitu buku teks matematika universitas yaitu analisis real, struktur aljabar, dan kalkulus, serta buku teks sekolah yaitu matematika kelas X dan XI dari Kemendibudristek. Teknik analisis data yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan transposisi terjadi pada konteks serta struktur dan bentuk. Pada konteks, konsep fungsi dapat dilihat pada bagaimana konsep fungsi tersebut dikonstruksi, dimana pada scholarly mathematics, konsep fungsi dibentuk dari konsep abstrak, sedangkan di school mathematics konsep fungsi didasarkan pada konsep konkret yang kemudian mengarah pada konsep abstrak. Pada aspek struktur dan bentuk, transposisi didaktis dapat dilihat dari penyajian konsep fungsi, dimana pada scholarly knowledge konsep fungsi disajikan dalam notasi abstrak, sedangkan pada school mathematics disajikan dalam beragam bentuk seperti diagram.
The concept of function becomes a bridge for several other concepts in mathematics so as to provide a different view of a problem in mathematics. Thus, the process of knowledge transposition is very important to be considered. This study aims to look at the transposition of the concept of function from scholarly mathematics to school mathematics. This research used phenomenological approach. The data sources in this study are mathematics textbooks at the university level, namely real analysis textbooks, algebraic structures, and calculus, while at the school level, namely mathematics textbooks for grades X and XI published by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the analysis show that transposition occurs in context and structure and form. In the context, the function concept can be seen in how the function concept is constructed, where in scholarly mathematics, the function concept is formed from abstract concepts, while in school mathematics the function concept is based on concrete concepts which then lead to abstract concepts. In the aspect of structure and form, didactic transposition can be seen from the presentation of the function concept, where in scholarly knowledge the function concept is presented in abstract notation, while in school mathematics it is presented in a variety forms such as diagrams.
The Role of Mathematics Self-Regulated Learning and Motivation on the Potential of Continuing Education
Authors: Munaji  , Henra Kiki , Ramlan Andi Mariani , Susanti Gemi
Published: October 2024

Rendahnya rata-rata tingkat pendidikan di Indonesia menyebabkan berbagai masalah seperti kemiskinan yang tinggi, pengangguran, perkembangan ekonomi lambat dan berita Hoax. Proses pembelajaran di kelas hendaknya dapat mendukung potensi siswa melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang lebih tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peranan mathematics self-regulated learning (MSRL) dan motivasi terhadap potensi siswa melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif korelasional. Partisipan penelitian sebanyak 111 siswa SMP di semua tingkatan. yang diambil secara acak dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket tertutup dengan empat pilihan rentang 1–4. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan softwere Smart PLS 3.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MSRL berpengaruh positif terhadap potensi siswa melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan motivasi melanjutkan pendidikan tidak perpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap potensi siswa melanjutkan Pendidikan. Dengan demikian sebaiknya guru terus mengembangkan MSRL siswa untuk mendukung potensi siswa melanjutkan Pendidikan semakin tinggi.
The inadequate educational levels in Indonesia have resulted in various issues, such as high poverty rates, unemployment, sluggish economic growth, and the propagation of false news. To address this issue, it is crucial to design the learning process in the classroom to support students' potential to pursue higher education. The main aim of this study was to investigate the role of mathematics self-regulated learning (MSRL) and motivation in determining students' potential to continue their education at a higher level. This study employed a quantitative, correlational research design. The participants consisted of 111 junior high school students from all grade levels, who were selected using a purposive random sampling technique. The research instrument was a closed-ended questionnaire with four options ranging from 1 to 4. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS 3.0 software. The findings of the study revealed that MSRL had a positive impact on students' potential to pursue higher education, while motivation to continue education did not significantly influence this potential. Hence, teachers should focus on developing students' MSRL skills to support their potential to pursue even higher levels of education.
Mathematical Critical Thinking Skills Through Case-Based Learning with Scaffolding in Cross-Study Program Classes
Authors: Sunaryo Yoni , Solihah Sri , Yulisma Lia
Published: October 2024

Pembelajaran dengan kurikulum merdeka membuat mahasiswa memiliki hak belajar di luar program studinya sehingga pemikiran kritis sangat diperlukan. Guna meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis mahasiswa maka diterapkan Scaffolding pada Case-Based Learning (CBL). Peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis mahasiswa di kelas lintas program studi melalui CBL dengan scaffolding merupakan tujuan penelitian ini. Metode penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen. Instrumen penelitian adalah soal tes uraian kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis. Populasi penelitian adalah mahasiswa tingkat 3 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika dan Pendidikan Biologi salah satu Universitas di Ciamis. Sampelnya yaitu 31 mahasiswa pendidikan matematika dan 10 mahasiswa pendidikan biologi, dipilih dengan cluster random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji gain ternormalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok mahasiswa secara keseluruhan, internal, dan eksternal pada kelas eksperimen mempunyai kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis lebih baik dari kelas kontrol. Persentase jumlah mahasiswa yang memperoleh n-gain ketegori tinggi juga lebih besar. Scaffolding pada CBL efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa.
Learning with an independent curriculum gives students the right to learn outside their study program so that critical thinking is very necessary. In order to improve students' mathematical critical thinking skills, Scaffolding is applied to Case-Based Learning (CBL). Improving students' mathematical critical thinking skills in cross-study program classes through CBL with scaffolding is the purpose of this study. The research method is quasi-experimental. The research instrument is a descriptive test of mathematical critical thinking skills. The research population was 3rd year students of the Mathematics Education and Biology Education Study Programs at one of the Universities in Ciamis. The sample was 31 mathematics education students and 10 biology education students, selected by cluster random sampling. Data analysis used the normalized gain test. The results showed that the student group as a whole, internally, and externally in the experimental class had better mathematical critical thinking skills than the control class. The percentage of students who obtained a high n-gain category was also greater. Scaffolding in CBL is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.
Exogenous Insulin Effect on the Initiation of Breast Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Hassan Hanan H. , Saif ullah Perry H.
Published: October 2024

Background: Growing evidence has indicated that women with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, as a major adjuvant treatment, the influence of hormone therapy such as exogenous insulin on type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary breast-cancer remains controversial. 
Objective: To explore the relationship between different types of hypoglycemic medications for diabetes and the factors that may contribute to the initiation of breast cancer.
Methods: The study included 80 blood samples taken from 80 females recruited from Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Cardiac Surgery Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, between November 2022 and February 2023. They were within the age range of 40 to 70 years. They were divided into three groups according to the treatment strategy and duration of disease as follows: Group 1: (20) patients who take insulin only, Group 2: (20) patients who take metformin with insulin, and G 3: (40) patients on metformin only for less than one year. An enzymatic oxidation technique was used to test the following biochemical parameters for all research groups: Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Using the Friedewald formula, the very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Using an enzymatic process, Insulin levels and Insulin like growth factor-1(IGF-1), Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) levels, and breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was measured with a sandwich immunodetection method. Finally, The Homeostasis Model Assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated according to the specific formula.
Results: The values for HbA1C%, FBS, and lipid profile showed non-significant differences when compared between study groups. While BRCA-1, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), insulin, insulin growth factor IGF-1, and HOMA IR All showed significant differences among all groups.
Conclusion: Taking metformin only for less than one year seemed to contribute to higher levels of BRCA-1.
Indentation Fracture Toughness of Aluminium-Graphite Composites: Influence of Nano-particles
Authors: Alqahtani Ibrahim , Niyaz Ahmed B. , Ashoka E. , Rajesh A. M. , Bharath P. B. , Saleemsab Doddamani
Published: October 2024

In the field of composite materials, extensive research has been undertaken on aluminum-graphite composites. However, a research gap has been identified regarding the specific influence of nano-sized graphite particles on their fracture toughness. Previous studies have predominantly focused on larger graphite particles or different reinforcement materials, resulting in relatively unexplored effects of nano-graphite particles. This research is deemed critical as it has the potential to generate lightweight, high-strength materials, aligning with the demands of aerospace, automotive, and structural engineering. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how the inclusion of nano-sized graphite particles affects the fracture toughness of aluminum-graphite composites. To achieve this objective, systematic dispersion and incorporation of nano-sized graphite particles into an aluminum matrix will be carried out. Mechanical testing, including fracture toughness assessments, will be conducted to evaluate the performance of the composite materials. Factors such as particle size, distribution, volume fraction, and interfacial bonding will also be characterized within the study. It is anticipated that the presence of nano-sized graphite particles will lead to a significant enhancement of the fracture toughness of the aluminum-graphite nanocomposites. This enhancement is expected to be attributed to crack deflection, tortuosity, altered stress distribution, and increased plastic deformation around cracks.
Enhancement of Network Architecture Alignment in Comparative Single-Cell Studies
Authors: Schächter Clemens , Treppner Martin , Hackenberg Maren , Raum Hanne , Boedecker Joschka , Binder Harald
Published: October 2024

Animal data can provide meaningful context for human gene expression at the single-cell level. This can improve cell-type detection and clarify how well animal models represent human biology. To achieve this, we propose a deep learning approach that identifies a unified latent space to map complex patterns between datasets. The proposed method is tested to facilitate information transfer in liver, adipose tissue, and glioblastoma datasets from various animal models. Our results are robust for small datasets and large differences in the observed gene sets. Thus, we reliably uncover and exploit similarities between species to provide context for human single-cell data.
A New Family of Solids: The Infinite Kepler-Poinsot Polyhedra
Authors: Huylebrouck Dirk
Published: October 2024

The so-called Platonic solids have fascinated mathematicians and artists for over 2000 years. It is astonishing that there are only five cases of regular polyhedra, that is, of polyhedra in which regular polygons form the same spatial angles between them in each vertex. In 1619, Kepler added the small and great stellated dodecahedron to this list, but he allowed intersecting faces. Poinsot did so too, in 1809, and discovered the great dodecahedron and great icosahedron. In 20th century, Coxeter and Petrie added three more regular polyhedra, using infinitely repeating elements, based on the truncated tetrahedron, the cube and the truncated octahedron.

The principle of intersecting faces, typical for the Kepler-Poinsot solids, can be combined with the Coxeter-Petrie generalization to the infinite case. Thus, a new regular polyhedron was discovered, based on the cubohemioctahedron but without its square faces. Placed side by side and on top of each other, identical regular hexagons meet in each vertex, always with the same spatial angle. There are 8 of them in each vertex, and so it is not a compound of twice two polyhedra with 4 hexagons in each vertex. The dual of this {6, 8} polyhedron of infinite Kepler-Poinsot type is indeed a {8, 6} polyhedron of infinite Kepler-Poinsot type, if two overlapping squares are considered as one 8/4 octagonal star.

Kepler-Poinsot solids are difficult to interpret, with their intersecting faces, and this infinite case is even more difficult to grasp. The present paper tries to solve this using open faces so that one can see through the solids.
Content of gross forms of zinc, lead and cadmium in sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of agricultural lands
Authors: Pavlov Artem Andreevich
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Purpose and objectives. The research is aimed at studying the peculiarities of the distribution of gross forms of zinc, mumps, cadmium according to the soil profile of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of agricultural lands of the Ryazan region and determining the current regional background. Methodology and methods. To solve the tasks set, pits with a depth of 1.5 m were laid in different regions of the region, the depth and structural features of the soil layer and the effect on the migration conditions of the studied elements were analyzed. Based on the results of determining the content of the studied elements in the soil at intervals of 0.1–0.2 m to the maternal, the calculation of background concentrations was performed. A comparative analysis of the proposed background values with well-known values of world and domestic researchers has been carried out. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the fact that the proposed background values are modern and calculated directly for the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Ryazan region. Results. The structure of soil profiles of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at a depth of 110–120 cm has the following form: O – A – EL – ELBt – Bt – BtC – C. At the same time, noticeable geochemical barriers delaying the migration of heavy metals are noted in the horizon A and Bt. The obtained values of the studied elements were in the concentration ranges for Zn (5.4–12.8 mg/kg), Pb (2.1–7.4 mg/kg), Cd (0.031-0.081 mg/kg). Background concentrations are proposed: Zn – 8.3 mg/kg, Pb – 4.2 mg/kg, Cd – 0.053 mg/kg, which differ from the well-known values of world and domestic researchers presented in a comparative analysis and give a modern idea of the regional background content of gross forms of zinc, lead and cadmium in sod-podzolic sandy loam soils Ryazan region.
The importance of previous crops and mineral nutrition in the formation of yield and quality of spring barley in the Perm region
Authors: Polyakova Sofiya Sergeevna , Fomin Denis Stanislavovich , Yarkova Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Fomin Dmitriy Stanislavovich
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The purpose is to evaluate the influence of previous culture and mineral nutrition on the yield and quality of grain and seeds of spring barley in the conditions of the Middle Urals. Methods. The research was conducted at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute (a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) over the period 2021–2023 on sod-podzolic heavy loam soil. A two-factor field experiment with different previous culture and mineral nutrition backgrounds was carried out. Data were processed using B. A. Dospekhov’s methods, and grain quality was determined using standard techniques. Results. The limiting factor affecting plant growth and productivity is soil moisture, which influences both the size and quality of crops. Studies have shown that the soil under vetch-oat mixtures had the highest level of productive moisture at the start of the growing season. However, by the end of the season, the highest level was found under clover. During the research period, the most significant decrease in soil moisture was observed after barley, possibly due to the smaller surface area covered by this crop. The study of barley seed germination showed that they met the required standards. Seeds grown after vetch-oat had the best germination rate (95 %), while those preceding barley had the worst (92 %). This suggests that choosing the right precursor and providing optimal nutrition can lead to increased yield and improved grain quality. The yield of barley can vary widely, ranging from 1.06 to 3.77 tons per hectare. The study results show that using vetch-oat as a precursor can provide the best indicators for barley yield and quality. The optimal combination of precursor and mineral nutrient background can significantly improve the efficiency of barley production in agriculture. Scientific novelty: The complex effect of fertilizers and precursor substances on the formation of barley productivity and quality is being studied in the Perm region for the first time. The methods of barley management and quality control studied allow for obtaining highly productive seeds and achieving the planned yield.
The relationship between genomic and estimated inbreeding in the population of Holstein cattle in Sverdlovsk region.
Authors: Bogatova Polina Sergeevna , Lihodeevskiy Georgiy Aleksandrovich , Lihodeevskaya O
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to study the inbreeding change of Holstein cattle in Sverdlovsk region and to show the correlation between genomic and estimated inbreeding. Methods. The study was conducted in six farms of the Sverdlovsk region and included 512 cows and heifers with date of birth from 2007 to 2022 and 12 breeding bulls. Chips GGP Bovine 150K (Neogen, USA) and Bovine 50K (Illumina, USA) were used for genotyping. Genome inbreeding estimates F were conducted with --het function in PLINK v1.9. Homozygosity inbreeding coefficient FROH was calculated with “sliding window” package of detectRUNS; FPED was taken from SELEX database, where it was calculated by pedigrees with Wright-Kislovsky formula. Scientific novelty. The comparison of genomic inbreeding for different age groups and estimation of correlations with pedigree inbreeding was conducted in Sverdlovsk region for the first time. Results. Our studies show that inbreeding coefficients increase radically from younger to older age groups. Holstein breed bulls show the highest value of inbreeding. At the same time heterozygosity level, estimated with sMLH tends to decrease with age. In addition, a strong correlation between estimated by pedegree inbreeding FPED and date of birth, as well as weak correlations between FPED and genomic coefficients (which have strong correlations with each other) were established.
Some features of toxicological properties of a specific immunobiostimulator “Transfer factor” in preclinical trials
Authors: Burkov P. , Scherbakov Pavel Nikolaevich , Derkho Marina , Rebezov Maksim , Derho Arina
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to evaluate some aspects of toxicological safety of a specific immunobiostimulant “Transfer factor” in laboratory animal models. Methods. The experiments were performed on mice, rats and guinea pigs. The toxicological safety assessment of the “Transfer factor” preparation included the determination of the following characteristics: chronic toxicity, assessment of specific activity, assessment of embryotoxic and teratogenic properties, assessment of allergenic properties Results. It was established that the introduction of the “Transfer factor” preparation in a chronic toxicological experiment is accompanied by the development of muscle tremor in the rodents’ body, the duration of which depends on the administered dose, route of administration and exposure time, but their body weight increases by 6.29–10.63 %. Autopsy of experimental group animals revealed no visible changes in the arrangement of internal organs and fluid accumulation in the abdominal and pleural cavities, although some pathological changes in color, consistency and size of the lungs, spleen, liver and heart were noted. The mass coefficients of these organs change with an increase in the dose of the administered drug “Transfer factor”, especially with the intraperitoneal route of administration up to 10.39 %. The tested drug in the reaction of lymphocyte blast transformation increases the number of blasts from 0.20 to 1.40 %. The totality of data allows us to state that the drug “Transfer factor” in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 belongs to the IV hazard class “low-hazard substances” and it can be recommended for further clinical trials, in which a dosage exceeding 6 ml/kg of live weight will not be used, when administered to laboratory animals, a complex of changes in the internal organs develops. Scientific novelty. The introduction of “Transfer factor” does not affect the condition and functions of the reproductive organs (uterus, ovaries) of pregnant rats, and the drug does not exhibit a negative embryotoxic and teratogenic effect in their body. When studying the allergenic properties of the drug, it was found that it does not cause a general anaphylaxis reaction in the body of guinea pigs, does not irritate the skin in the reaction of immune complexes and the conjunctiva of the eye in the conjunctival test.
The state of cattle breed resources in Russian gene pool farms
Authors: Konik Nina Vladimirovna , Gosteva Ekaterina Ryashitovna , Tletseruk Irina Rashidovna , Krasnova Oksana , Pskhatsieva Zemfira
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to assess the effectiveness of the production use of small breeds of cattle bred in the country's gene pool farms. Methods. The purpose set in the study was achieved through the use of methods of analysis and generalization using special scientific literature on the problem being analyzed, a yearbook on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation, and periodicals. Object of study: cattle breeds of gene pool farms in Russia (Bestuzhev, Mountain cattle of Dagestan, Istoben, Caucasian brown, red steppe, Tagil, Yakut cattle, Pechora type of Kholmogory breed). Results. Among all the breeds bred in gene pool farms, the latest ripening ones, which took the longest to reach the age of first calving, were Yakut cattle, as well as individuals of the Istoben and Red Steppe breeds, in which it varied within 33.4–35.3 months. It should be noted as a positive pattern that the animals of the Tagil breed achieved the analyzed indicator early, which was 26 months. The optimal duration of the period from calving to fertile insemination was distinguished by cows from the gene pool farms of the Republic of Dagestan – Mountain cattle of Dagestan and Caucasian brown – 71 and 74 days, respectively, as well as the breeding stock of the Bestuzhev breed – 86 days. The longest duration of the service period was recorded in the herds of gene pool farms of the Istoben breed and the Pechora type of the Kholmogory breed. The early age of retirement of Yakut cattle raises concerns, which, along with the small number of cows in this breed, will reduce not only the reproduction of the herd, but will also lead to the complete disappearance of this population. The lowest yield of calves per 100 cows is characterized by animals of the Pechora type of the Kholmogory breed – 63,1; for all other breeds it varies between 80–91 calves. Scientific novelty. For the first time, monitoring of the numbers and current state of industrial use of small breeds of dairy cattle in gene pool farms in Russia was carried out.
Comparative assessment of the feed productivity of the sowing rank in various ecological and geographical conditions
Authors: Marakaeva Tatyana , Khristich Vyacheslav Viktorovich , Zaycev Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The article presents the results of studying the yield and quality of green mass of four varieties of domestic sowing varieties: Racheyka, Zhemchuzhina, Mramornaya and Elena. The purpose of the study is to assess the phenotypic variability of chinese varieties in terms of the duration of the growing season, yield and quality of green mass, to select genotypes that are resistant to limiting environmental factors and capable of forming consistently high feed productivity in different agroclimatic conditions. Methods. Laboratory and field research was carried out in 2022–2023 on the educational and experimental field of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Omsk State Agrarian University” (Omsk) and on the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Russian Research and Design Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn (Saratov). The conditions of the growing season are close to arid ones, HTC = 0.64…1.02. In the Omsk experimental plot, the soil is meadow-chernozem medium-thick (45 cm), low-humus (3.95 % humus), semi-loam (35 % physical clay), in Saratov – southern chernozem low-humus (3.80 % humus), medium-thick (42 cm), clayed loam (43 % physical clay). The predecessor is grain crops. When conducting research, we followed the same methodology – sowing in the first ten days of May, seeding rate – 700 thousand pieces grains per hectare, plot area – 5 m2, seed placement depth – 5 cm. Results. Growing conditions have a significant impact on the variability of the duration of the growing season – 65.8 % and the level of green mass yield – 54.2 %. The variation in the parameters of the biochemical composition is largely due to the genotype of the variety – 62.1 %. Evaluation of varieties according to adaptability indicators made it possible to distribute them into groups: 1 – extensive form with very low phenotypic stability (Mramornaya); 2 – form with high phenotypic stability (Zhemchuzhina); 3 – intensive form with reduced phenotypic stability (Elena); 4 – intensive phenotypically highly stable form (Racheyka). Scientific novelty. Varieties with high phenotypic stability of feed productivity, weakly responsive to fluctuations in climatic conditions and showing low rates of yield decline under unfavorable weather factors in various regions of the country were selected.
Assessment of human capital provision in the agricultural sector of the economy
Authors: Murashova Natal'ya , Marimakova Ol'ga Yur'evna
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The formation and use of human capital in the agricultural economy must meet modern economic requirements and the level of development of agricultural production. The assessment of the efficiency of the use of human resources and the quality of products plays a key role in adapting to changing market conditions. Therefore, it is important to constantly strengthen human resources to ensure a prompt response to market challenges. At the same time, agricultural production is currently undergoing changes in all key areas. This article analyzes the availability and efficiency of the use of agricultural enterprises' labor resources, based on statistical data for the Russian Federation. In this regard, the purpose of this scientific study is to analyze the availability of human capital in agriculture. The objectives of the study include carrying out a qualitative and quantitative assessment of labor resources. Methods. The methodological basis is based on the general scientific principles of a systematic approach. The analysis uses logical, factorial, comparative and strategic methods, as well as methods of qualitative research of the main trends in the presence and use of human capital in agriculture. Results. The analysis of the formation and use of human capital in agriculture in its quantitative and qualitative assessment in the Russian Federation is carried out: the dynamics of rural population density and the number of workers, the growth rate of wages of agricultural workers, the grouping of those employed in agriculture by level of education, gender and age is given. Scientific novelty. As a result of the research, new theoretical and practical conclusions were obtained, including: 1) identification and classification of socio-economic conditions that promote or, conversely, hinder the effective use and preservation of human capital in the agricultural sector; 2) comprehensive schemes for the formation of human capital in the agricultural sector are proposed, taking into account internal and external factors; 3) the need for the formation of a comfortable socio-economic environment in rural areas is justified; 4) confirmed the need to provide special support measures to attract highly qualified specialists to rural areas.
The Controversy of Siyahi Marriage: A Maqasid Shariah Perspective and Its Relevance in Indonesia
Authors: Saputera Abdur Rahman Adi
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of Nikah Siyahi, or temporary marriage during travel, has become a controversial topic in Islamic law. This practice is often carried out by Muslim travelers to enjoy sexual relations without violating religious principles. However, scholars have diverse opinions regarding Nikah Siyahi. Some endorse it as an alternative to avoiding zina (fornication), while others reject it for undermining fundamental values of marriage, such as commitment and purity. This study aims to explore Islamic legal perspectives on Nikah Siyahi and analyze the impacts of this practice through the lens of Maqasid Shariah, which are the primary principles of Islamic law intended to protect religion, life, lineage, property, and intellect. The research employs a library research method to gather views from various literatures on Islamic law. Although it may formally meet the requirements of Islamic marriage, Nikah Siyahi fundamentally contradicts the ideal objectives of marriage in Islam. From the perspective of Maqasid Shariah, this practice can have negative repercussions on the dignity of religion, mental health, family stability, and the rights of offspring. In Indonesia, where marriage law is clearly regulated, this practice brings more harm than benefit. Therefore, the enforcement of law and community education regarding the essence of marriage in Islam must be strengthened to protect fundamental values of Shariah