bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic control of spontaneous emission rate using tunable hyperbolic metamaterials
Authors: Chamoli Sandeep Kumar , ElKabbash Mohamed , Zhang Jihua , Guo Chunlei
Published: February 2020

We numerically investigate the dynamic control over the spontaneous emission rate of quantum emitters using tunable hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). The dispersion of a metal–dielectric thin-film stack at a given frequency can undergo a topological transition from an elliptical to a hyperbolic dispersion by incorporating a tunable metal or dielectric film in the HMM. This transition modifies the local density of optical states of the emitter and, hence, its emission rate. In the visible range, we use an HMM consisting of TiN and

S
b

2

S

3

and show considerable tunability in the Purcell enhancement and quantum efficiency as

S
b

2

S

3

phase changes from amorphous to crystalline. Similarly, we show tunable Purcell enhancement in the telecommunication wavelength range using a

T
i
N

/

V
O

2

- HMM. Finally, tunable spontaneous emission rate in the mid-IR range is obtained using a

g
r
a
p
h
e
n
e

/

M
g
F

2

HMM by modifying the graphene conductivity through changing its chemical potential. We show that using a metal nitride (for the visible and NIR HMMs) and a fluoride (for the mid-IR HMM) is important to get an appreciable change in the effective permittivity of the thin-film multilayer stack.
UV–NIR femtosecond laser hybrid lithography for efficient printing of complex on-chip waveguides
Authors: Hou Zhi-Shan , Cao Jia-Ji , Yu Feng , Tian Zhen-Nan , Xiong Xiao , Li Mu-Tian , Ren Xi-Feng , Chen Qi-Dai , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: February 2020

We propose UV–IR femtosecond laser hybrid lithography for the efficient printing of complex on-chip waveguides, which offers good performance in terms of processing efficiency and accuracy. With this three-dimensional printing technology, waveguides with complex cross-section shapes, such as owls and kittens, can be easily fabricated with an efficiency increased by 1500% (for

6

µ

m

×

6

µ

m

). In addition, a circular cross-section waveguide with an extremely low birefringence and complex

8

×

8

random walk networks were quickly customized, which implies that in the design and preparation of the large-scale optical chips, the proposed maskless method allows for the preparation of highly customized devices.
Photonic serial implementation of a flash analog-to-digital converter
Authors: He Hongxia , Yang Shuna , Chi Hao , Jin Tao
Published: February 2020

A photonic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) scheme based on multi-wavelength sampling and balanced detection is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the approach, a power-weighted multi-wavelength pulsed source is employed to implement sampling, a dispersion element is used to realize temporal walk-off of multi-wavelength pulses, and a thresholding module is applied to implement serial thresholding. The principles of quantization and encoding are similar to that of an electronic flash ADC, but the serial implementation in the given approach avoids the use of large numbers of comparators. A proof-of-concept experiment with three wavelengths is successfully demonstrated. We also discuss the feasibility of the approach and the design of non-uniform quantization by properly setting the power ratio of the multi-wavelength pulses.
Triplex radiometric, photoacoustic, and ultrasonic imaging based on single-pulse excitation
Authors: Zhao Yue , Wang Siqi , Merrill John A. , Arellano Jesus D. , Trevisi Luis M. , Li Yizhou , Xiang Liangzhong , Qu Junle , Liu Liwei
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we propose a novel triplex-parameter detection method to realize simultaneous radiometric, photoacoustic, and ultrasonic imaging based on single-pulse excitation. The optical attenuation, optical absorption, and acoustic impedance properties can be obtained simultaneously by analyzing the photoacoustic signals and the ultrasonic echo signals. To test the feasibility and accuracy of this method, agar phantoms with different absorption coefficients and elastic coefficients were measured. Then, this method was experimentally verified by imaging a leaf skeleton piece embedded in an agar cylinder. Furthermore, pilot experiments were performed by triplex imaging of pig ear tissue ex vivo to characterize the cartilage and surrounding tissue. Experimental results demonstrated that this technique has future potentials for visualizing and providing the functional and structural information of biological tissues.
Verdet constant of potassium terbium fluoride crystal as a function of wavelength and temperature
Authors: Vojna David , Duda Martin , Yasuhara Ryo , Slezák Ondřej , Schlichting Wolfgang , Stevens Kevin , Chen Hengjun , Lucianetti Antonio , Mocek Tomáš
Published: February 2020

Potassium terbium fluoride

K
T
b

3

F

10

(KTF) crystal is a promising magneto-active material for creating multi-kilowatt average-power Faraday isolators operating at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Nevertheless, the key material’s parameter needed for the design of any Faraday isolator—the Verdet constant, has not been comprehensively investigated yet. In this Letter, we report on measurement of the Verdet constant of the KTF crystal for wavelengths between 600 and 1500 nm and for temperatures ranging from 15 to 295 K. A suitable model for the Verdet constant as a function of wavelength and temperature has been developed and may be conveniently used for optimal design of KTF-based high-average-power Faraday isolators.
Incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS)-based strategy for direct measurement of aerosol extinction in a lidar blind zone
Authors: Meng Lingshuo , Wang Gaoxuan , Augustin Patrick , Fourmentin Marc , Gou Qian , Fertein Eric , Nguyen Ba Tong , Coeur Cécile , Tomas Alexandre , Chen Weidong
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, the development of a custom-designed incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer (IBBCEAS) and its application to in situ measurement of aerosol extinction near the ground surface are described in an effort to address the issue of missing data in the light detection and ranging (lidar) blind zone in the first hundreds of meters of the observation range. Combined measurements of aerosol extinction at the same location using lidar remote sensing at 355 nm and in situ IBBCEAS operating in the UV spectral region around 370 nm showed results with a good correlation (

R

2

=

0.90

) between the two measurement techniques. This Letter highlights a new strategy for near-end lidar calibration, using a ground-based compact and robust IBBCEAS located at the lidar measurement site to determine the vertical profile of the aerosol extinction coefficient with a higher accuracy.
Two-dimensional tunable polarization-dependent absorptions for binary and ternary coding
Authors: Jiang Huan , Cui Ying , Jiang Yongyuan
Published: February 2020

Polarization coding is of great importance because of its applicability to information processing, storage, and security devices. In this paper, we numerically demonstrated a binary and ternary polarization coding scheme using a cross-shaped graphene/Au hybrid metasurface with two-dimensional (2D) electrical tunability. The C4 symmetry broken of the cross-shaped structure, caused by different lengths of Au bars in x- and y- directions, allows 2D tunability for x- and y-polarized waves at one biasing condition. For x-polarized wave incidence, the proposed structure generates near-zero or near-unit absorption by switching the graphene’s Fermi energies, corresponding to the binary codes of ‘0’ and ‘1’. Due to 2D tunability, the combination of two absorptions excited by x- and y-polarized waves at 2.45 THz are encoded into ternary codes with the states of ‘−1’, ‘0’, or ‘1’ by gating voltages. The compatibility for binary and ternary coding in the tunable metasurface opposes huge potentials in artificial intelligent devices.
Fabrication of Yb/Ce/P co-doped fluoroaluminosilicate fiber with excellent photodarkening suppression and kW-level laser performance
Authors: Liu Rui , Yan Dapeng , Chen Ming , Wang Jianming , Shi Jianhong , Zhu Qixin
Published: February 2020

A Yb/Ce/P (ytterbium/cerium/phosphorus) co-doped 20/400 µm fluoroaluminosilicate double clad fiber is fabricated by conventional modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) technology and solution doping process. The measurement shows the fiber core is doped with ∼0.21 mol% Yb2O3, ∼0.05 mol% Ce2O3, ∼0.83 mol% P2O5, ∼0.37 mol% SiF4 and ∼1.61 mol% Al2O3, respectively. Through co-doping a certain concentration of Ce2O3, P2O5, SiF4 and Al2O3 in the fiber core, it is found that the Yb/Ce/P co-doped 20/400 µm fluoroaluminosilicate fiber shows excellent photodarkening (PD) suppression, and PD loss is about 0 dB/m at 633 nm. Based on an all-fiber laser oscillator system and pumped directly by 915 nm laser diodes, a 1.9 kW laser at 1080 nm is achieved with slope efficiency is about 77.1% (pumped at 915 nm), and the beam factor of M2 is 1.32, which clearly reveals that the Yb/Ce/P co-doped fluoroaluminosilicate fiber is a promising candidate for laser applications with enhanced PD resistivity.
Gereben Énok tündöklése és bukása – a történet társas világának konstruálása az Iskola a határonban
Authors: Tátrai Szilárd
Published: February 2020

A tanulmány, amely a funkcionális kognitív pragmatika kiindulópontját érvényesíti, azt a kérdést helyezi középpontba, hogy mi irányítja a figyelmünket a hatvan éve megjelent Ottlik-regény, az Iskola a határon társas világának megkonstruálása során. A tanulmány a történet társas világában történő tájékozódás lehetőségeit elemezve nemcsak annak következményeire reflektál, hogy két szereplő (Medve és Bébé) van folyamatosan a figyelem fókuszában, hanem arra is, hogy a társas viszonyok közötti tájékozódás centruma is következetes gyakorisággal helyeződik át erre a két szereplőre. Azt kívánja ugyanis bemutatni, hogy e két kitüntetett kiindulópont sajátos érvényesülése lényegi szerepet játszik a társas viszonyok megkonstruálásában, amely így egyén és közösség, magány és összetartozás, hatalom és szolidaritás, bevonódás és távolságtartás viszonyának többféle, egymást relativizáló mintázatát mutatja fel, és ehhez kapcsolódóan különféle, egymást ugyancsak relativizáló társas stratégiákat vonultat fel. Mindennek szemléltetéseként egy esettanulmány azt kívánja részletesebben bemutatni, hogy az Iskolában nemcsak Medve, hanem Bébé megkísértésének is tanúi lehetünk. A megkísértő szerepét utóbbi esetében azonban nem a Medve kapcsán sokat emlegetett, Merényiék kicsapását elérő Tóth Tibor játssza, hanem a Merényiék szűkebb hatalmi köréhez tartozó Gereben Énok. Gereben regénybeli szerepét értelmezve a tanulmány bevonja a vizsgálatba az Iskola korábbi változataként értelmezhető Továbbélőket, ahol – szemben az Iskolával – Gereben nincs a kicsapottak között.
ANÁLISE MACROSCÓPICA E MICROMORFOLÓGICA DE ESTRUTURAS SEDIMENTARES APLICADA À INTERPRETAÇÃO DE EVENTOS DE DEPOSIÇÃO DE SEDIMENTOS EM DEPÓSITOS DE BAIXA ENCOSTA NO SUL DO SEGUNDO PLANALTO DO ESTADO PARANÁ (BRASIL)
Authors: Pietrobelli Gisele , Machado Elias , Tratz Eliza do Belem , Camargo Filho Mauricio , Da Silva Wellington Barbosa
Published: February 2020

Depósitos de encostas bem preservados têm sido objeto de estudo na região sul do Segundo Planalto do Paraná. Estes depósitos apresentam-se de forma muito nítida com estruturas sedimentares primárias preservadas, ainda assim, os trabalhos que enfatizam as estruturas físicas destes depósitos são restritos, justificando a relevância deste trabalho que tem como objetivo central a interpretação dos tipos de fluxos responsáveis pela deposição dos sedimentos e processos pedogenéticos associados. Para isso, foram usadas as seguintes técnicas: levantamento de seções estratigráficas, descrição macroscópica de estruturas sedimentares em campo, análise granulométrica, análise de microscopia ótica. Para formação das estruturas de sedimentação fluxos mais vigorosos com baixa densidade foram dominantes. Entre as estruturas presentes nos depósitos de encosta predominam estruturas plano-paralela, estrutura maciça e estrutura gradacional. Estruturas de deformação plástica ocorreram sob condições de ambiente tanto úmido como seco. Por dois períodos distintos, processos pedogenéticos foram responsáveis pela formação dos paleo-horizontes organominerais. Nestes casos, a intensa pedogênese dominou a encosta, nas demais situações os processos deposicionais foram predominantes sobre os processos pedogenéticos uma vez que as estruturas sedimentares se encontram bem preservadas permitindo o presente estudo.
Peningkatan Kemandirian Desa Panggungharjo Melalui Komunikasi Pembangunan
Authors: Mizwar Hasyim Nanang
Published: February 2020

This article explores the village independent of Panggungharjo through developed communication. Based on the qualitative-descriptive method, it can be a result of a new perspective on independent village development. The development of communication by the stronger local leadership can be Panggungharjo Village entrance of the nomination of the better village in Indonesia for Village-Owned Enterprises (Badan Usaha Milik Desa) on developing of institutional governance. Leadership as a local strongman has established to analyze framing on the role of communication with the people. The participation can be conducted to developing programs on physically and unphysically. This paper founded on social services programs (education, health, and economic) and better central both effective and efficiency on Village-Owned Entreprises management. This enterprise can be economic productivity increasingly. In adding of village budgeting from the result of economic productivity on access and planning social programs more accessible for societies. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi kemandirian Desa Panggungharjo melalui komunikasi pembangunan. Hal ini dilandasi oleh prestasi Desa Panggungharjo yang berhasil menjadi desa mandiri. Melalui metode kualitatif-deskriptif dapat menghasilkan satu perspektif baru dalam pembangunan desa mandiri. Ternyata, komunikasi pembangunan yang diciptakan oleh kekuatan leadership lokal mampu menjadikan Panggungharjo masuk nominasi desa terbaik di Indonesia dalam pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDesa). Leadership sebagai local strongman telah membingkai framing analisis dalam pola komunikasi dengan masyarakat. Dengan komunikasi efektif menghasilkan masyarakat yang pasif menjadi lebih aktif. Hal ini terlihat dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam setiap program pembangunan. Partisipasi tersebut telah mampu menjalankan program-program pembangunan yang bersifat fisik maupun non fisik. Temuan penelitian yang paling menonjol adalah program pelayanan sosial (pendidikan, kesehatan, dan ekonomi) tersentral dengan baik melalui pengelolaan BUMDesa secara efektif dan efisien. BUMDesa menjadi motor penggerak pelayanan karena pendapatan secara ekonomis setiap tahun terus meningkat. Kondisi ini menjadikan pendapatan desa semakin bertambah. Dengan penambahan anggaran desa dari hasil produktifitas ekonomi semakin mempermudah akses dan perencanaan program pelayanan sosial bagi masyarakat.
PRACTICAL VALIDATION MEASUREMENTS OF A PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS MONITORING SENSOR IN REAL CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
Authors: Moohialdin Ammar S.M. , Suhariadi Bambang T. , Siddiqui Mohsin K.
Published: February 2020

The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industry and construction worker's health and safety in hot and humid weather conditions become a topic of a great interest for researchers and practitioners. Various physiological monitoring sensors have been employed to measure the physiological impacts of such weather conditions. However, the ability of these sensors to deal with the dynamic nature of the construction industry still under controversial arguments and there is a need to justify their applicability in real working conditions. This paper aims to investigate the accuracy of an off-the-shelf physiological monitoring sensor (Zephyr BioHarnessTM 3) in a real working environment when considering the impact of hot and humid weather conditions. Fifteen different construction workers participated in three site measurements, with monitoring two physiological parameters heart rate (HR) and breathing rate (BR). A non-parametric statistical test (Mann-Whitney) was applied to identify whether there is a significant difference between the medians of live data in the remote monitoring station and saved data of the sensor internal memories. The results showed that there are significant differences between live data and saved data. These differences were highly noticed in the third site measurements, as it included working in confined areas and trenches. The accuracy of live data is highly affected by types of activities and appropriate positions of the wireless connection devices (ECHO gate and repeater).
RELIABILITY BASED MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF CONCRETE MIX PARAMETERS USING NSGA II
Authors: Sharma Mahesh , Aggarwal Rachna , Sharma Rajendra , Kumar Maneek
Published: February 2020

This article presents a method to optimize concrete mix proportions with respect to different goals of economy and reliability or, equivalently, probability of failure. This method is based on a quadratic generalized ridge regression model to predict compressive strength of concrete for 28 days curing period and a linear regression model to predict cost of concrete. NSGA II is used to obtain reliable Pareto-optimal fronts with non-dominated solutions for different compressive strength requirements. Pareto-optimal fronts evolved by varying compressive strength requirements and probability of failure are analyzed. It is found that there is a nominal rise in cost as probability of failure decreases up to a certain limit for a given compressive strength requirement. However, there is a sharp rise in cost of concrete below that limit.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF WOODEN FRAMES USED FOR MODERN WOODEN SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Authors: Miyamoto Mitsuhiro , Ebisuoka Misaki
Published: February 2020

Japanese school buildings have been changed from modern timber structures to reinforced concrete structures after the Building Standard Law was established in 1950. Therefore, only few modern wooden school buildings exist currently. Ensuring the seismic resilience of these wooden school buildings is essential for their preservation. The objective of this study is to develop an analysis model for the seismic performance evaluation of modern wooden school buildings. The fracture modes and the relationship between the lateral load and deformation of wooden frames were examined based on the results of full-scale static lateral loading tests performed in a previous study. The analysis models of these specimens were developed and compared with test results to examine their validity. Analysis results were in good agreement with test results.
CHALLENGES OF FRONT-END LOADING IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT DELIVERY
Authors: Aghimien Douglas , Aigbavboa Clinton , Oke Ayodeji , Setati Matleko
Published: February 2020

Adopting a good pre-project planning or front-end loading method during the early stage of construction is important to the success of the project. However, most construction projects have failed as a result of poor project planning at their early stage. Based on this knowledge, this study assessed the challenges facing the use of front-end loading. The study adopted a quantitative survey approach and questionnaire was used to harness information on the objective of the study from construction professionals in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data gathered were analysed using statistical tools such as percentage, mean score and standard deviation. Findings revealed that the major challenges affecting the use of front-end loading are inability to identify importance of the process, unreliable information during early project stages, insufficient time to thoroughly carry out the front-end loading process, indecisiveness or lack of knowledge by the client, and lack of structured project team during inception phases of the project. It is therefore recommended that the construction clients be made aware of the importance of front-end loading, while project team members should be introduced to the project from the early stage of the project.
DEFORMATION PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT IN TIMBER COLUMN–GROUND SILL JOINT REINFORCED USING ARAMID FIBER SHEET
Authors: Takiyama Noriko , Yamaguchi Akari , Chen Xinyan , Koike Sho
Published: February 2020

We report the progress of an experimental study conducted to understand the seismic performance of a timber column–ground sill joint reinforced using an aramid fiber sheet, and to improve the deformation property of the reinforced joint. An aramid fiber sheet is a new material that weaves high-performance aramid fibers in one or two directions. In previous research, certain problems were found: (a) even when applying a similar reinforcement, the sheet did not necessarily demonstrate the same failure mode, and (b) when the sheet was peeled off in stretches, the joint is destroyed through brittleness. In this study, based on the preceding research, we proposed a new sheet-pasting method for an improvement in the deformation property, and conducted a bending test under cyclic loading for some column-ground sill joint specimens to verify the seismic performance and failure behavior. It was found that, by splitting the sheet, the problems of the preceding research are avoidable.
Utrata języka. Próba empatycznej lektury patografii osób po udarach mózgu
Authors: Okupnik Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

Source literature uses the term pathography to define a text about suffering and illness written from a patient’s perspective. There are three purposes of pathographies: they allow their authors to make their lives more coherent, i.e. continuous and meaningful, they help them understand what their bodies experienced during illness, and they make them discover how to stimulate the body to deal with its effects. There is a specific type of pathographies written by stroke survivors. The effects of a stroke include paresis of the body and aphasia which never fully disappear. Patients talk of the loss of previous identity or a transformation caused by the illness.
Kształtowanie umiejętności redagowania tekstów na zajęciach języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Orłowska-Popek Zdzisława
Published: February 2020

The author of the article, based on her own clinical experience of working with the deaf, presents the ways adults can learn to write texts in Polish as a foreign language. She proposes exercises to improve their text editing ability. She draws attention to the words of W. T. Miodunka „Editing written texts is in fact a work on the basics of language as a developed code” [2003: 221].
Influence of pancreatic status on circulating plasma sterols in patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gelzo Monica , Iacotucci Paola , Sica Concetta , Liguori Renato , Comegna Marika , Carnovale Vincenzo , Dello Russo Antonio , Corso Gaetano , Castaldo Giuseppe
Published: February 2020

Background

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a reduced intestinal absorption of cholesterol and in a preliminary study we observed differences in plasma sterol profile between patients with pancreatic sufficiency (PS) and those with pancreatic insufficiency (PI). Therefore, we hypothesized that the sterol analysis may contribute to study the digestion and absorption state of lipids in patients with CF. To this aim we evaluated plasma sterols in a significant number of adult patients with CF in relation to the pancreatic status.

Methods

Beside cholesterol, we measured phytosterols and lathosterol as markers of intestinal absorption and hepatic biosynthesis, respectively, by gas-chromatography in plasma of adult CF patients with pancreatic sufficiency (PS-CF, n = 57), insufficiency (PI-CF, n = 97) and healthy subjects (control group, CT, n = 71).

Results

PI-CF patients had cholesterol and phytosterols levels significantly lower than PS-CF and CT (p < 5 × 10−10) suggesting a reduced intestinal absorption of sterols related to PI. Instead, lathosterol was significantly higher in PI-CF patients than PS-CF and CT (p < 0.0003) indicating an enhanced cholesterol biosynthesis. In PI-CF patients, phytosterols positively correlate with vitamin E (p = 0.004). Both the classes of molecules need cholesterol esterase for the intestinal digestion, thus the reduced levels of such lipids in serum from PI-CF patients may depend on a reduced enzyme activity, despite the pancreatic enzyme supplementation in all PI-CF patients.

Conclusions

A plasma sterols profile may be useful to evaluate the metabolic status of lipids in adult patients with CF and could help to manage the pancreatic enzyme supplementation therapy.
Corrosion protection of copper and copper alloys in different corrosive medium using environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors
Authors: Shinato Kebede W. , Zewde Abraham Amenay , Jin Ying
Published: February 2020

The corrosion mechanism of copper and copper alloy is reviewed. A number of scientific papers have been investigated to determine the corrosion mechanism and protection techniques of copper and copper alloy corrosion. Results have shown that copper can be corroded in an acidic or an alkaline environment, and oxide formation is the corrosion initiation process. The use of corrosion inhibitors is one of several ways of controlling metal corrosion. There are inorganic (toxic) and organic (green) corrosion inhibitors invented so far. Nowadays, environmental issue is a concern of several scientists in the world. From the results of recent scientific papers, green corrosion inhibitors can be used for copper corrosion protection and they are both economical and environmentally safe. Furthermore, future researches are needed to determine more efficient, environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for copper and copper alloys.
Packet Blocking Performance of Cloud Computing Based Optical Data Centers Networks under Contention Resolution Mechanisms
Authors: Shukla Rahul Deo , Pratap Ajay , Suryavanshi Raghuraj Singh
Published: February 2020

In data center networks use of optical communication has revolutionized the data transfer mechanism. Optical communication heavily relies on enormous bandwidth of optical fiber. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique can be used for utilization of huge bandwidth. To employ WDM which uses distinct set of wavelengths to carry data wavelength converters are required. However as the tunable range of wavelength converter increases both cost and technological design complexity rises exponentially. Therefore, both Limited Range Wavelength Converter (LRWC) and Full Range Wavelength Converter (FRWC) are considered. However, under higher loading conditions buffering is also required as using wavelength converter (WC) blocking can be reduced significantly. This paper presents comprehensive analysis of blocking performance under various types of wavelengths converters and buffering of contending packets.
Phosphorene-assisted silicon photonic modulator with fast response time
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Cao Rui , Guo Jia , Yao Yuhan , Wei Kangkang , Gao Shan , Wang Yunzheng , Dong Jianji , Zhang Han
Published: February 2020

All-optical modulators avoid the conversion from external electronic signals to optical signals and thus have the potential to achieve an energy-efficient high-speed photonic system. Phosphorene recently debuted as an attractive material that exhibits outstanding high electron mobility, strong light-matter interaction and modifiable bandgap, making it ideal for all-optical modulators. In this paper, by incorporating a phosphorene and silicon-based micro-ring resonator (MRR), we first propose and experimentally demonstrate a unique phosphorene-integrated all-optical modulator in telecommunications. By utilizing a phosphorene thin film with an average thickness of 22 nm as the absorption material, the rise time of only 479 ns and decay time of 113 ns are achieved, which is the fastest reported response time in the family of phosphorene modulators. The corresponding 3 dB bandwidth is larger than 2.5 MHz, and it exhibits a low-loss performance benefited from its finite bandgap. The proposed phosphorene/MRR hybrid modulator may have potential in the applications of all-optical interconnections.
Aluminum extraction technologies from high aluminum fly ash
Authors: Gao Yajing , Liang Kai , Gou Yi , Wei Shun’an , Shen Weifeng , Cheng Fangqin
Published: February 2020

Coal fly ash (CFA), an industrial by-product of high-temperature combustion of coal in coal-fired power plants, is one of the most complex and largest amounts of industrial solid wastes generated in China. It is widely recognized that CFA should be considered as a potential alumina resource to substitute bauxite. In this review, the features of high-alumina fly ash and aluminum recovery technologies are first described. Later, the merits and drawbacks of alumina extraction technologies in recovering more valuable materials are compared in terms of extraction mechanisms and equipment requirements. It is shown that “predesilicating-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) activation-acid leaching” is currently a promising method in achieving multimetal synergistic extraction. Finally, the hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid combination process is proposed as a sustainable development of the predesilicating-Na2CO3 activation-acid leaching process. The findings of this review provide theoretical guidance for novel developments and applications of aluminum extraction technologies.
Blood Flow Restricted Exercise and Discomfort: A Review
Authors: Spitz Robert W. , Wong Vickie , Bell Zachary W. , Viana Ricardo B. , Chatakondi Raksha N. , Abe Takashi , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: February 2020

Spitz, RW, Wong, V, Bell, ZW, Viana, RB, Chatakondi, RN, Abe, T, and Loenneke, JP. Blood flow restricted exercise and discomfort: A review. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 871–879, 2022—Blood flow restriction exercise involves using a pneumatic cuff or elastic band to restrict arterial inflow into the muscle and block venous return out of the muscle during the exercise bout. The resultant ischemia in conjunction with low-load exercise has shown to be beneficial with increasing muscle size and strength. However, a limitation of using blood flow restriction (BFR) is the accompanying discomfort associated with this type of exercise. Factors that may influence discomfort are applied pressure, width of the cuff, cuff material, sex, and training to failure. The goal of this review was to evaluate the existing literature and elucidate how these factors can be manipulated to reduce discomfort during exercise as well as provide possible directions for future research. Thirty-eight different studies were located investigating BFR and discomfort. It was found that BFR training causes more discomfort than exercise without BFR. However, chronic use of BFR may increase tolerability, but discomfort may still be elevated over traditional non–blood flow restricted exercise. Discomfort can be attenuated by the application of lower applied pressures and stopping short of task failure. Finally, in the upper body, wider cuffs seem to increase ratings of discomfort compared with more narrow cuffs. In conclusion, applying the proper-sized cuff and making the applied pressure relative to both the individual and the cuff applied may attenuate discomfort. Reducing discomfort during exercise may help increase adherence to exercise and rehabilitation programs.
Aerobic Exercise Performance During Load Carriage and Acute Altitude Exposure
Authors: Coffman Kirsten E. , Luippold Adam J. , Salgado Roy M. , Heavens Kristen R. , Caruso Elizabeth M. , Fulco Charles S. , Kenefick Robert W.
Published: February 2020

Coffman, KE, Luippold, AJ, Salgado, RM, Heavens, KR, Caruso, EM, Fulco, CS, and Kenefick, RW. Aerobic exercise performance during load carriage and acute altitude exposure. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 946–951, 2020—This study quantified the impact of combined load carriage and acute altitude exposure on 5-km running time-trial (TT) performance and self-selected pacing strategy. Furthermore, this study developed a velocity prediction tool (nomogram) for similar aerobic exercise tasks performed under various combinations of altitude and load stress. Nine volunteers (6M/3F, age: 24 ± 7 years, height: 171 ± 6 cm, body mass: 72 ± 7 kg, and V̇o
2peak: 50.5 ± 5.2 ml·min−1·kg−1) completed a randomized, repeated-measures design protocol. Volunteers performed 3 familiarization (FAM) trials at sea level (SL; 250 m) with no-load carriage. Experimental testing included 3 self-paced, blinded 5-km running TT on a treadmill while carrying a 30% body mass external load at SL, moderate altitude (MA; 2000 m), and high altitude (HA; 3000 m). At SL, load carriage resulted in a 36% decrement in 5-km exercise performance in comparison with FAM trials (43 ± 7 vs. 32 ± 3 minutes; p < 0.001). Time required to complete the 5-km distance while carrying an external load was increased by 11% when performed at HA vs. SL (48 ± 7 vs. 43 ± 7 minutes; p = 0.001). TT pace was not different among experimental conditions (load carriage at SL, MA, and HA) until after 1 km of the running distance had been completed. Heart rate was not different among experimental conditions throughout the entire TT (170 ± 17 b·min–1). These data quantify the anticipated reduction in aerobic exercise performance under various combinations of acute altitude exposure and load carriage conditions. The self-paced running TT approach used presently allowed for development of an altitude-load nomogram for use in recreational, occupational, or military settings.
Primate Orbitofrontal Cortex Codes Information Relevant for Managing Explore–Exploit Tradeoffs
Authors: Costa Vincent D. , Averbeck Bruno B.
Published: February 2020

Reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the behavioral process of learning to obtain reward and avoid punishment. An important component of RL is managing explore–exploit tradeoffs, which refers to the problem of choosing between exploiting options with known values and exploring unfamiliar options. We examined correlates of this tradeoff, as well as other RL related variables, in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) while three male monkeys performed a three-armed bandit learning task. During the task, novel choice options periodically replaced familiar options. The values of the novel options were unknown, and the monkeys had to explore them to see if they were better than other currently available options. The identity of the chosen stimulus and the reward outcome were strongly encoded in the responses of single OFC neurons. These two variables define the states and state transitions in our model that are relevant to decision-making. The chosen value of the option and the relative value of exploring that option were encoded at intermediate levels. We also found that OFC value coding was stimulus specific, as opposed to coding value independent of the identity of the option. The location of the option and the value of the current environment were encoded at low levels. Therefore, we found encoding of the variables relevant to learning and managing explore–exploit tradeoffs in OFC. These results are consistent with findings in the ventral striatum and amygdala and show that this monosynaptically connected network plays an important role in learning based on the immediate and future consequences of choices.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in representing the expected values of choices. Here we extend these results and show that OFC also encodes information relevant to managing explore–exploit tradeoffs. Specifically, OFC encodes an exploration bonus, which characterizes the relative value of exploring novel choice options. OFC also strongly encodes the identity of the chosen stimulus, and reward outcomes, which are necessary for computing the value of novel and familiar options.
Improving Communication Between Health Care Professionals and Parents: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors:   College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, JOSHI POONAM , JOSHI MEENA ,   Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, SHARMA AAKANSHA ,   Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, SACHDEVA ANU ,   Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, SAGAR RAJESH ,   Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, DEORARI ASHOK KUMAR ,   Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Published: February 2020

This quality improvement initiative was undertaken in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to improve communication between the HCP and parents related to the sick neonates admitted in NICU as measured by increase in parental satisfaction score from base line (34.5%) to 80% in 3 months time. A team was formulated to evaluate the reasons for low parental satisfaction resulting from communication between HCP and the parents of sick neonates and to further plan strategies for improving the same. Multiple PDSA cycles were implemented. The results of the all PDSA cycles were discussed amongst team members. Satisfaction of parents related to communication with HCP increased to more than 80% in 3 months time followed by increase up to 90% in sustenance phase. Multiple simple feasible interventions led to improvement in communication between the HCP and parents as evident by increase in satisfaction score (40.8 ± 4.3 vs. 40.8 ± 4.3 vs. 91.3 ± 4.8, p < 0.001). There was significant improvement in the satisfaction scores of the mothers on communication related to sick neonate in NICU at the end of intervention phase as well as in the sustenance phase. Multiple simple doable and feasible interventions had led to the improvement in communication between the HCP and parents hence improving the satisfaction of parents related to their communication with HCP.
Hepatitis C Testing Among Perinatally Exposed Infants
Authors: Lopata Susan M. , McNeer Elizabeth , Dudley Judith A. , Wester Carolyn , Cooper William O. , Carlucci James G. , Espinosa Claudia M. , Dupont William , Patrick Stephen W.
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence doubled among pregnant women from 2009 to 2014, reaching 3.4 per 1000 births nationwide. Infants exposed to HCV may acquire HCV by vertical transmission. National guidelines recommend that infants exposed to HCV be tested; however, it is unclear if these recommendations are being followed. Our objectives were to determine if infants exposed to HCV were tested and to determine hospital- and patient-level factors associated with differences in testing.

METHODS:

In this retrospective cohort study of infants exposed to HCV who were enrolled in the Tennessee Medicaid program, we used vital statistics–linked administrative data for infants born between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014. Infants were followed until 2 years old. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association of HCV testing and hospital- and patient-level characteristics.

RESULTS:

Only 23% of 4072 infants exposed to HCV were tested. Infants whose mothers were white versus African American (96.6% vs 3.1%; P <.001), used tobacco (78% vs 70%; P <.001), and had HIV (1.3% vs 0.4%; P = .002) were more likely to be tested. Infants exposed to HCV who had a higher median of well-child visits (7 vs 6; P <.001) were more likely to be tested. After accounting for maternal and infant characteristics and health care use patterns, African American infants were less likely to undergo general testing (adjusted odds ratio 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.78).

CONCLUSIONS:

Testing occurred in <1 in 4 infants exposed to HCV and less frequently among African American infants. Public health systems need to be bolstered to ensure that infants exposed to HCV are tested for seroconversion.
COLORISTIC DESIGN OF CLOTHING ON THE BASIS OF COLOR PERCEPTION
Authors: Voznuk Masha , Zemlyakova Victoria , Kuleshova Svetlana , Syrotenko Oksana
Published: February 2020

This work contains knowledge about a color theory that plays an important role in the process of planning the visual variety of clothing. The special attention is paid to the creation of the authors’ clothing models on the base of the color perception.
The fractal structural model of perception of color is worked out. It allows taking into account character of functioning of component parts of this process.
The consumers’ reactions to the color of a garment are taken into account. The consumers’ color preferences from the standpoint of not only the personality of the individual, but also the socio-psychological appearance are determined.
Using the results of the current research, а designer can choose the color solution for single or serial production, as well as specify a certain color range, which can also be applied for outﬁts. In the last stage, a transition to the distribution of selected colors among the details of a garment is made. It takes into account the dimensions of the speciﬁc elements to obtain a harmonious combination of proportions of details.
Frechet distance on the set of compact trees
Authors: Lozinska Olha , Savchenko Aleksandr , Zarichnyi Mykhailo
Published: February 2020

We introduce a counterpart of the Frechet distance for the rooted trees in a metric space. Some properties and possible generalizations of this distance are discussed.
Commutative morphic rings of stable range 2
Authors: Pihura Oksana , Zabavsky Bohdan
Published: February 2020

It is know that a left quasi-morphic ring R is a ring of stable range 1 if and only if dim R = 0.
In this paper it is shown that a commutative morphic ring R is a ring of stable range 2 if and only if dimR= 1.
Emotional recognition for simulated clinical environment using unpleasant odors: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Meska Mateus Henrique Gonçalves , Mano Leandro Yukio , Silva Janaina Pereira , Pereira Junior Gerson Alves , Mazzo Alessandra
Published: February 2020

Objective: to compare the effect of exposure to unpleasant odors in a simulated clinical environment on the emotions of undergraduate nursing students. Method: quasi-experimental study. A total of 24 nursing students participated the study, divided into two groups, 12 in the intervention group with exposure to unpleasant odors, and 12 in the control group without exposure to unpleasant odors. To simulate the unpleasant vomiting odor in intervention group, fermented foods were used: boiled oats, curdled milk, spoiled Parmesan cheese, raw egg, pea soup, raisins and vinegar. Participants were filmed and the facial expression analysis was performed at six critical points: student approach; report of the complaint; clinical evaluation; and patient occurrence, intervention and reevaluation based on what was proposed by the Circumplex model of emotions recognition. Results: a total of 83,215 emotions related to the six critical points were verified. At the critical point of the proposed scenario with exposure to unpleasant odors, the intervention group presented the basic emotion of sadness and the Control Group, anger. Conclusion: it is inferred that the inclusion of unpleasant odors in the simulated scenarios can broaden the emotional development of health students.
La batalla por las ideas en tiempos posideológicos: Adaptaciones y permanencias ideológicas en la nueva centroderecha chilena
Authors: Alenda Stéphanie , Foulon Carmen Le , Suárez-Cao Julieta
Published: February 2020

RESUMEN Introducción: ¿Cómo se posiciona la actual coalición de gobierno en Chile en torno a asuntos morales y coyunturales presentes en la región? ¿Qué permite inferir tal posicionamiento respecto de su carácter de derecha más o menos moderada? ¿Se rige la coalición por una doctrina o ideología unificada? Materiales y Métodos: Para responder estas preguntas, utilizamos datos de una encuesta original y representativa a nivel de partido de los dirigentes de Chile Vamos, la actual coalición de gobierno, indagando los elementos de continuidad y cambio dentro del espectro ideológico de la derecha chilena. Se utilizaron las respuestas de los dirigentes de la UDI (303 casos), RN (213 casos) y Evópoli (104 casos), a una encuesta levantada entre el 10 de noviembre de 2015 y el 31 de octubre de 2016. Resultados: Observamos, por un lado, que algunos de estos nuevos temas generan cambios al dividir a la coalición a través de líneas partidarias, con lo cual se puede hablar de un efecto partido relevante, en un contexto en el cual la literatura especializada pone en duda la importancia de las organizaciones partidarias como tales. Por otro lado, se evidencian continuidades ideológicas distinguidas a partir de posiciones históricas en el eje Estado-mercado. Estas influencias ideológicas se aprehenden a partir de sensibilidades susceptibles de ser relevadas empíricamente y se distribuyen de manera homogénea al interior de los principales partidos de la coalición. Discusión: Sostenemos que la coalición de gobierno debe ser entendida a partir de estos focos de tensión entre cambio y permanencia, entre rasgos posideológicos y de batalla por las ideas.
Sobre a Efetividade da Matemática nas Ciências Naturais: Uma abordagem Pragmática Estruturalista
Authors: Pimentel Ronaldo , Moreira-dos-Santos Frederik
Published: February 2020

Resumo Apresentamos uma concepção pragmática sobre matemática aplicada às Ciências Naturais. Se, historicamente, muitas teorias matemáticas foram desenvolvidas independentemente das teorias físicas, por que muitas dessas primeiras foram tão eficazes nas teorias físicas? Defendemos a existência de um isomorfismo inicial, entre estruturas matemáticas e teoréticas, o conectamos com a busca heurística por regularidades e, em seguida, demonstramos como tal busca lança luz a nossa questão central. Porém, vale ressaltar que esse isomorfismo nem sempre é preservado quando aplicado a fins científicos. Assim, apresentamos a atitude operacional dos cientistas em usar e manipular ferramentas matemáticas para resolver problemas teóricos. A matemática pura fornece uma variedade de estruturas nas quais, quando aplicadas à física, tornam-se relações entre quantidades ou entre observáveis. Os cientistas adaptam e moldam as teorias matemáticas em diferentes níveis para torná-las ferramentas úteis para compreender as regularidades no mundo natural. Finalmente, concluímos que essa similaridade isomórfica e a plasticidade no uso operacional de ferramentas matemáticas na física nos dá a possibilidade de fazer com que a matemática (não mais tão pura) seja bem-sucedida em aplicações. Chamamos a nossa síntese de abordagens ao problema de estruturalismo pagmático. As conseqüências dessa discussão para os fundamentos da matemática também são apresentadas.