bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A flip-flopper and a dumb guy walk into a bar: Political humor and priming in the 2004 campaign
Authors: Young Dannagal Goldthwaite
Published: April 2014

This paper outlines the results of an on-line experiment assessing the impact of political humor on construct salience. The experiment employed a 3 condition between-subjects design on a snowball sample of participants (N = 216) to test how exposure to political jokes affect the salience of traits and issues mentioned in those jokes and how political knowledge moderates these effects. Results indicate that jokes can prime caricatured issues and traits to the same extent as non-humorous stimuli in the mind of the audience. Findings also suggest that political humor may increase political awareness among apolitical audiences, consistent with research by Baum (2005a, 2005b, 2003).
Oxidative Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene by Zirconia-Based Catalysts
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Srivastava Vimal C. , Badoni Rajender P.
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study is to report usage of laboratory-prepared zirconia-based samples, normal zirconia (ZD), calcined zirconia at 893 K (ZC) and sulfated and calcined zirconia at 893 K (SZC), as potential catalysts for the oxidative removal of sulfur from model oil (dibenzothiophene in iso-octane). Optimum catalyst doses for all catalysts were found to be 1.0 g/L. The catalytic oxidation of DBT on zirconia samples was found to be a gradual process, and quasi-equilibrium reached in 6 h. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters have also been calculated.
Electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Wu Xiongwei , Liu Jun , Xiang Xiaojuan , Zhang Jie , Hu Junping , Wu Yuping
Published: April 2014

Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) are one of the most practical candidates for large-scale energy storage. Its electrolyte as one key component can intensively influence its electrochemical performance. Recently, much significant research has been carried out to improve the properties of the electrolytes. In this review, we present the optimization on vanadium electrolytes with sulfuric acid as a supporting electrolyte and their effects on the electrochemical performance of VRBs. In addition, other kinds of supporting electrolytes for VRBs are also discussed. Prospective for future development is also proposed.
Lonely Riders and Cooperation Networks: Member of Parliaments’ Private Motions in the Finnish Parliament 1999–2010
Authors: Pajala Antti
Published: April 2014

Members’ of Parliament (MP) private motions in the Finnish parliament Eduskunta are explored. During 1999–2010, the Finnish MPs introduced nearly 20,000 motions, from which 75% turned out to be budget amendments while legislative motions constituted some 10%. Roughly half were single signer motions while the rest were sponsored by various MP combinations. Only few motions were processed in committees and even fewer got accepted. A growing amount of party motions sponsored by one party group were found. Motions sponsored by MPs from the same electoral district were found as well. A handful of motions sponsored by the absolute majority of Eduskunta were also found. Comparing the sponsor networks with the Swedish parliament, where the MPs tend to cooperate with their group comrades, reveals the Finnish MPs cooperating significantly more often over the party lines. While analyses of plenary voting primarily divide the Finnish MPs into government and opposition blocs the analysis of private motions results in a completely different pattern of cooperation. In Eduskunta matters are initiated somewhat freely while at the stage of decision party discipline steps in.
Fatigue Life Evaluation of an Annular Combustor Casing of a Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Sarangi Niranjan , Panigrahi S. K. , Chandrasekhar U.
Published: April 2014

Structural analysis of annular combustors of aero gas turbines presents substantial challenges to engine-development establishments because of its multifunctional aspects such as complex geometry, thin wall structures, and stringent airworthiness requirements. This paper outlines an experimental methodology for fatigue life evaluation of an annular combustor casing using a closed-loop hydraulic test facility and presents results corresponding to the initial configuration. Premature fatigue failure has revealed that a design feature with a high stress concentration on the combustor casing needs to be modified. Iterative studies are taken up to overcome the design deficiency. This paper presents a unique approach whereby the experimental results for a full-scale annular combustor are correlated with numerical predictions for ensuring structural integrity in accordance with military airworthiness standards.
Effect of Isopropanol and Ethanol on the Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Condoms
Authors: Schwerin Matthew R. , Walsh Donna L. , Zhang Zhiwei
Published: April 2014

The use of isopropanol as a means to remove lubricants from natural rubber latex (NRL) condoms prior to tensile testing is considered acceptable per ASTM D3492-08. However, there is some indication in the technical literature that isopropanol may be detrimental to NRL. In this study, three different brands of NRL condoms were tested for tensile properties after exposure to either isopropanol or one of two different ethyl alcohols, and a control group was tested without exposure to any alcohol. Tensile rings cut from NRL condoms were soaked in the respective alcohols for one hour at 25°C and 50 % relative humidity before undergoing tensile testing. The results of this study are presented along with statistical analysis of the data (thickness, force at break, tensile strength, and elongation). Although the analysis shows there were a few statistically significant differences in some of the measured parameters, the differences were relatively small in magnitude and likely of minimal scientific importance. Consequently, we conclude that under the conditions used in this study, the alcohols tested do not have a detrimental effect on the tensile properties of NRL condoms.
Experimental Investigation of Chemical and Physical Properties of Cements Manufactured in Pakistan
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Nasir Muhammad Murtaza
Published: April 2014

Concrete is a strong material in compression and is employed to resist compressive stresses in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Concrete is a mixture of cement and coarse and fine aggregates; its quality is influenced mainly by the quality of the cement. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation to study the properties of cements available in Pakistan. Seven different brands (A–G) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were employed in the studies presented. Chemical and physical tests were conducted on samples of cement, cement–sand mortar, and concrete. Compound composition was estimated through the chemical analysis of cement. Fineness of grinding, loss on ignition, and insoluble residue contents of cement were determined. Concrete cylinders of three target strengths were cast and tested both in compression and tension. Cement–sand mortar cubes were also tested in compression. All of these tests were conducted in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. The properties of cements were compared on the basis of results obtained from the aforementioned tests and the recommended values given by the standards. It was noted that only the cement brand B achieved the desired compressive strength at the specified age of 28 days. The results of mechanical tests of concrete and mortar were supported by the compound composition and fineness of the cement.
Forced-Vibration Testing and Experimental Modal Analysis of a Steel Footbridge for Structural Identification
Authors: Şahin Abdurrahman , Bayraktar Alemdar
Published: April 2014

Dynamic characteristic identification provides an important insight about structural behavior of steel structures. The experimental modal analysis is used to detect dynamic characteristics and consists of several phases. First, forced-vibration tests are carried out, spectral functions are produced, dynamic characteristics are determined by analyzing processed spectral functions, and, finally, analytical models are calibrated or updated depending on experimental analysis results. In this study, forced-vibration testing is conducted on the steel footbridge by using an impact hammer. Low-amplitude broadband excitations are applied using an impact hammer to excite the bridge. The excitation force and measured responses are processed by passing them through a band-pass filter to obtain frequency-response functions, cross-power spectra, auto-power spectra, power spectral densities, and spectrograms. The system-identification procedure is based on input–output measurements. The obtained system-identification results are compared with the analytical results, which were obtained in a different previous study. A very good agreement is observed, thus providing a reliable set of identified modal properties (natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) of the structure. The good correlations between analytical and experimental analyses show that no anomalies are detected along the structure. The experimental mode shapes are similar to what is expected from this type of structure. There is not any unexpected mechanism that changes the dynamic characteristics of the system.
Sylvatic rabies and the perception of vampire bat activity in communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Romero-Sandoval Natalia , Escobar Natalia , Utzet Mireia , Feijoo-Cid Maria , Martin Miguel
Published: April 2014

An outbreak of sylvatic rabies was reported in indigenous communities located in the Ecuadorian Amazon in November 2011. The objective of this study was to analyze family dwelling characteristics and other sociodemographic factors associated with the perception of an increase in hematophagous bat bites in humans and domestic animals to assist the implementation of intervention policies in the region. A total of 381 households from communities covered by the outbreak response activities were surveyed. Despite being associated with poorer dwelling conditions, the possession of domestic animals is associated with the perception of an increase in bat bites among animals. Better dwelling conditions, use of protective measures, access to electricity, and no domestic animals are variables associated with the perception of a rise in attacks on humans. The analysis of perceptions of bite frequency is fundamental to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs and strategies to promote the adoption of preventive measures against rabies among the population.
Sub-relato da ingestão energética e fatores associados em estudo de base populacional
Authors: Avelino Gabriela Ferreira , Previdelli Ágatha Nogueira , Castro Michelle Alessandra de , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: April 2014

Objetivou-se identificar a prevalência de sub-relato da ingestão energética e os fatores associados em amostra de 331 indivíduos, proveniente do estudo de base populacional Inquérito de Saúde no Município de São Paulo, Brasil. A ingestão energética foi avaliada pela média de dois recordatórios de 24 horas coletados em dias não consecutivos. O gasto energético total foi calculado por equação preditiva, considerando sub-relatores os indivíduos com ingestão energética inferior a 2 desvios-padrão da razão ingestão energética/gasto energético total predito. A análise de regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para identificar os fatores associados à subnotificação. A prevalência de sub-relatores da ingestão energética foi de 15,1%, sendo que os indivíduos com excesso de peso e insatisfeitos com o peso corporal apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem sub-relatores quando comparados aos sem excesso de peso e aos satisfeitos com peso corporal, respectivamente. Conclui-se que esses fatores deveriam ser considerados na elaboração de técnicas para melhorar a acurácia do inquérito dietético.
Capacidade funcional e uso de serviços de saúde por idosos da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil: um estudo de base populacional
Authors: Fialho Camila Bruno , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Giacomin Karla Cristina , Loyola Filho Antônio Ignácio de
Published: April 2014

O presente trabalho investigou a associação entre a capacidade funcional e utilização de serviços de saúde entre idosos residentes na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram do estudo 1.624 idosos (≥ 60 anos) selecionados por meio de amostra probabilística. A variável dependente foi a utilização de serviços de saúde, baseada em três descritores: número de consultas médicas, consultas domiciliares e hospitalizações. A variável independente de interesse foi a capacidade funcional, medida pelo relato de dificuldade em realizar atividades instrumentais (AIVD) e básicas (ABVD) de vida diária. A primeira esteve associada apenas à hospitalização (RP = 1,62; IC95%: 1,16-2,26) e a segunda apresentou-se associada à hospitalização (RP = 1,73; IC95%: 1,24-2,42) e à consulta domiciliar (RP = 8,54; IC95%: 4,22-17,27). Os resultados mostraram maior utilização de serviços de saúde, sobretudo aqueles mais onerosos, entre idosos com incapacidade funcional, e que a dimensão funcional não tem sido balizadora da atuação dos serviços, ainda condicionada à presença de doenças.
Análise de Correspondência: bases teóricas na interpretação de dados categóricos em Ciências da Saúde
Authors: Infantosi Antonio Fernando Catelli , Costa João Carlos da Gama Dias , Almeida Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de
Published: April 2014

Na área biomédica, a ocorrência de dados categóricos é comum, e métodos de análise específicos para este tipo de dado são usados para revelar padrões existentes. A Análise de Correspondência é uma dessas técnicas, utilizada na análise de tabelas de contingência de grande porte. A maioria dos trabalhos publicados em periódicos brasileiros foca apenas na sua interpretação gráfica, não abordando outras potencialidades da técnica. O objetivo do trabalho é mostrar a técnica não limitada à análise gráfica, mas também utilizar estatísticas que permitem sua análise quantitativa. Exemplo mostra que a análise gráfica é enriquecida com a utilização dessas estatísticas, e que a inclusão de uma categoria com baixa ocorrência pode ser considerada como categoria suplementar devido à sua baixa contribuição à inércia. Assim, diminui-se a subjetividade na análise, sendo possível revelar a relação entre as categorias com a análise de resíduos, aspecto este não facilmente observado graficamente. Comparação com a Análise de Componentes Principais mostrou a vantagem da técnica.
Dietary patterns associated with anthropometric indicators of abdominal fat in adults
Authors: Vilela Ana Amélia Freitas , Sichieri Rosely , Pereira Rosângela Alves , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Gonçalves-Silva Regina Maria Veras , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves
Published: April 2014

This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and assess their association with abdominal fat. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Central West Region of Brazil with a probabilistic sample of 208 adults of both sexes. Data on food intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire and factor analysis (principal components) was conducted to identify dietary patterns. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were used to assess abdominal fat. The association between dietary patterns and body fat distribution was examined using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders. Three dietary patterns were identified: Western, regional traditional, and prudent. A positive association was found between the Western pattern and WC (p = 0.04) and WHR (p = 0.001) and between the regional traditional pattern and WHR (p = 0.05) among women. A slight association was also found between the latter pattern and WC (p = 0.07) also among women. An association was found between the Western and regional traditional dietary patterns and a larger concentration of abdominal fat among women.
Indicadores de risco associados ao consumo de drogas ilícitas em escolares de uma comunidade do sul do Brasil
Authors: Backes Dirce Stein , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin , Costenaro Regina Santini , Rangel Rosiane Filipin , Vidal Janice , Kruel Cristina Saling , Mattos Karen Mallo de
Published: April 2014

Objetivou-se identificar os indicadores de risco associados ao consumo de drogas ilícitas em escolares provenientes de escolas públicas de uma comunidade do sul do Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal não experimental, realizada com 535 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio, representativos de seis escolas públicas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário, entre outubro/2011 e março/2012. Os resultados foram apresentados por distribuição de frequência simples e relativa e razões de chance (OR) e os intervalos de confiança 95% foram calculados para verificar associação entre as variáveis dependentes e independentes. Ainda, uma análise multivariada foi conduzida para o desfecho "você já usou drogas ilícitas?" A análise univariada demonstrou associação entre as variáveis: renda familiar, cor, turno em que estuda, reprovação escolar, utilização de métodos de prevenção, hábito de fumar e se conhece alguém que utiliza drogas, as quais se mostraram associadas ao desfecho já ter experimentado drogas ilícitas. Após a análise multivariadao hábito de fumar foi o único indicador significativamente associado sobre já ter utilizado drogas ilícitas. Os resultados permitem afirmar que o hábito de fumar é um importante indicador de risco preditivo para o uso de drogas ilícitas.
Adaptação transcultural e reprodutibilidade de questionário para avaliação de conhecimento e atitude de profissionais de saúde frente a casos de abuso físico infantil
Authors: Silva-Oliveira Fernando , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Mattos Flávio de Freitas , Ribeiro Marco Túlio de Freitas , Cota Luís Otavio de Miranda , Vale Míriam Pimenta , Zarzar Patrícia Maria
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar transculturalmente e avaliar a reprodutibilidade de um questionário desenvolvido por uma equipe da Universidade de Londres, usado na avaliação do conhecimento e da atitude de profissionais da atenção primária frente a casos de abuso físico infantil. A tradução seguiu os critérios descritos por Herdman, 1998, de forma criteriosa, de modo a preservar ao máximo a equivalência funcional. O questionário adaptado foi aplicado em 107 profissionais de saúde de Belo Horizonte. Os testes Kappa Simples e Ponderado foram utilizados para avaliar a reprodutibilidade deste instrumento. A maioria das questões apresentou valores aos testes Kappa acima de 80% (excelente). A versão brasileira do questionário apresentou-se, portanto, adaptada e com boa reprodutibilidade.
Características sociodemográficas e nutricionais de crianças brasileiras menores de 2 anos beneficiárias de programas de transferência condicionada de renda em 2006
Authors: Vega Juliana Bergamo , Taddei José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo , Poblacion Ana Paula
Published: April 2014

Programas de transferência condicionada de renda (PTCR) visam o combate à pobreza e à fome e a garantia da segurança alimentar. Crianças menores de 2 anos de famílias beneficiárias são mais vulneráveis às condições ambientais. Este estudo objetiva caracterizar esta população segundo variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e nutricionais. Utilizaram-se dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Crian ça e da Mulher (PNDS-2006). Descreveram-se os dados em média e desvios-padrão. Para as associações utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e intervalos de confiança de 95%. Das 1735 crianças 29,4% eram beneficiárias de PTCR com renda média familiar de R$430,20 e valor médio dos benefícios de R$75. Dentre as que residiam no Nordeste ou na região rural do país, uma em cada três recebiam PTCR. Entre as que viviam em insegurança alimentar grave, 52,3% pertenciam a PTCR. Classes econômicas D e E e baixa escolaridade materna associaram-se a PTCR. Entre os desvios nutricionais das crianças beneficiárias, prevaleceu o peso elevado para idade. Das que interromperam o aleitamento materno exclusivo antes dos dois meses, 31,2% eram de PTCR. Identifica-se a necessidade de educação nutricional preventiva a fim de otimizar a utilização do benefício.
Iniciação e consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre adolescentes e adultos jovens de Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Antidrogas/CAPS-AD
Authors: Silva Carolina Carvalho , Costa Maria Conceição Oliveira , Carvalho Rosely Cabral de , Amaral Magali Teresópolis Reis , Cruz Nilma Lázara de Almeida , Silva Mariana Rocha da
Published: April 2014

O estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a iniciação e o padrão de consumo de substâncias psicoativas, entre adolescentes e adultos jovens matriculados em Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas - CAPS AD. Foram utilizados os registros dos atendimentos, sendo o padrão de consumo classificado segundo a OMS: uso pouco frequente (uso na vida, no ano ou no mês até cinco dias); uso frequente (de seis até 19 vezes nos últimos 30 dias); uso pesado (> 20 vezes nos últimos 30 dias); na comparação das faixas etárias utilizou-se teste de proporções e para análise das associações, calculou-se prevalência/P e razão de prevalência/RP, com significância de 5% e intervalo de confiança 95%. No total de adolescentes e jovens atendidos entre 2003 e 2008 (475), a maioria foi masculina, solteira, com baixa escolaridade, coabitando com pais e sintomas psíquicos. Constatou-se significância estatística para idade de iniciação ao consumo: adolescentes, em relação aos jovens iniciaram mais precocemente (< 14 anos): o consumo de tabaco; maconha, cocaína; crack e outras SPA. Entre adolescentes, verificou-se resultados significantes para consumo menos frequente de tabaco; mais frequente de álcool; e consumo pesado de maconha. Esses achados podem contribuir para programas preventivos e terapêuticos do CAPS-AD.
Internalized homophobia as a partial mediator between homophobic bullying and self-esteem among youths of sexual minorities in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Blais Martin , Gervais Jesse , Hébert Martine
Published: April 2014

Verbal/psychological homophobic bullying is widespread among youths of sexual minorities. Homophobic bullying has been associated with both high internalized homophobia and low self-esteem. The objectives were to document verbal/psychological homophobic bullying among youths of sexual minorities and model the relationships between homophobic bullying, internalized homophobia and self-esteem. A community sample of 300 youths of sexual minorities aged 14 to 22 years old was used. A structural equation model was tested using a nonlinear, robust estimator implemented in Mplus. The model postulated that homophobic bullying impacts self-esteem both directly and indirectly, via internalized homophobia. 60.7% of the sample reported at least one form of verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model explained 29% of the variance of self-esteem, 19.6% of the variance of internalized homophobia and 5.3% of the verbal/psychological homophobic bullying. The model suggests that the relationship between verbal/psychological homophobic bullying and self-esteem is partially mediated by internalized homophobia. The results underscore the importance of initiatives to prevent homophobic bullying in order to prevent its negative effects on the well-being of youths of sexual minorities.
Risk and protection factors in the peer context: how do other children contribute to the psychosocial adjustment of the adolescent?
Authors: Véronneau Marie-Hélène , Trempe Sophie-Caroline , Paiva Alexandra Oliveira
Published: April 2014

As children become adolescents, peers assume greater importance in their lives. Peer experiences can either help them thrive or negatively affect their psychosocial adjustment. In this review article definitions for the types of peer experiences are provided followed by an overview of common psychosocial issues encountered by adolescents. Past research that has pointed to risk and protection factors that emerge from peer experiences during adolescence and the role of peer influences in the context of current issues relevant to adolescent education are discussed. Research suggests that friendships with deviant peers, involvement in bullying and the experience of rejection from the overall peer group are related to adjustment problems, whereas friendships with prosocial and academically oriented peers and social acceptance in the peer group are related to healthy development. Friendship quality, popularity among peers, and involvement in friendship cliques cannot be clearly categorized as either positive or negative influences, because they interact with other factors in shaping the development of adolescents. The promotion of social skills and positive youth leadership as an integral part of the student's learning process in school is recommended.
Prevalence and risk factors for scrotal lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men ? 40 years of age
Authors: Romero Frederico Ramalho , Romero Antonio Wilson , Almeida Rui Manuel de Sousa Sequeira Antunes de , Oliveira Júnior Fernando Cesar de , Tambara Filho Renato
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for cutaneous lesions of the scrotum and intrascrotal lesions/anomalies among men included in a prostatic cancer screening program in a Brazilian metropolitan city. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, private outpatient healthcare service. METHODS: 1731 men aged 40 years or over, participating in a prostate cancer screening program conducted by the municipal public employees' healthcare system, underwent systematic urological assessment by a single examiner. RESULTS: The prevalence of scrotal diseases in our sample was 44.7% (773/1731). Tinea cruris occurred in 203 (11.7%) of the participants, with higher risk among diabetics and lower prevalence among nonwhite individuals; scrotal tinea in eight (0.5%), with higher risk among hypertensive men; subcutaneous nodules in 12 (0.7%), especially in individuals with low schooling level; hydrocele in 283 (16.4%), with higher frequency among participants over the age of 60 years, diabetics or individuals with previous histories of nonspecific urethritis; spermatoceles in 174 (10.1%), with greater prevalence among individuals over the age of 60 years or diabetics, and lower frequency among individuals who underwent vasectomy; unilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in 167 (9.7%) and bilateral hypotrophy/atrophy in 93 (5.4%), both occurring more frequently in individuals over the age of 60 years; absence of palpable testicles due to cryptorchidism in 7 (0.4%); and epididymitis/orchitis in 5 (0.3%), with higher prevalence among diabetics. No cases of cancer were identified in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Scrotal diseases were highly prevalent in this population of Brazilian men.
Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in the Americas by region, 2000-2009
Authors: Gawryszewski Vilma Pinheiro , Souza Maria de Fatima Marinho de
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The aim here was to evaluate trends in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in three different regions of the Americas. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a time series study in which mortality data from three different regions in the Americas from 2000 to the latest year available were analyzed. METHODS: The source of data was the Mortality Information System of the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). Data from 27 countries were included. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze trends. RESULTS: During the study period, the age-adjusted mortality rates for men were higher than those of females in all regions. North America (NA) showed lower rates than Latin America countries (LAC) and the Non-Latin Caribbean (NLC). Premature deaths (30-69 years old) accounted for 22.8% of all deaths in NA, 38.0% in LAC and 41.8% in NLC. The trend analysis also showed a significant decline in the three regions. NA accumulated the largest decline. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval was -3.9% [-4.2; -3.7] in NA; -1.8% [-2.2; -1.5] in LAC; and -1.8% [-2.7; -0.9] in NLC. CONCLUSION: Different mortality rates and reductions were observed among the three regions.
Brainstem abscess of undetermined origin: microsurgical drainage and brief antibiotic therapy
Authors: Hamamoto Filho Pedro Tadao , Zanini Marco Antonio
Published: April 2014

CONTEXT: Solitary brainstem abscesses are rare and they are usually associated with other infections. They are severe conditions with high morbidity and mortality. The surgical options are stereotactic aspiration and microsurgical drainage. Systemic antibiotic therapy is used for more than six weeks. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a young man with a solitary abscess at the pons, without other systemic infections. The patient was treated by means of microsurgical drainage and antibiotic therapy for three weeks. His postoperative recovery was good. CONCLUSIONS: A microsurgical approach may be considered to be an important option for large abscesses that are multiloculated, close to the surface or contain thick fluid. Complete emptying of the purulent accumulation may diminish the required duration of antibiotic therapy.
Organizing resistance movements: contribution of the political discourse theory
Authors: Dellagnelo Eloise Helena Livramento , Böhm Steffen , Mendonça Patrícia Maria Emerenciano de
Published: April 2014

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of articulating Political Discourse Theory (PDT) together with Organizational Studies (OS), while using the opportunity to introduce PDT to those OS scholars who have not yet come across it. The bulk of this paper introduces the main concepts of PDT, discussing how they have been applied to concrete, empirical studies of resistance movements. In recent years, PDT has been increasingly appropriated by OS scholars to problematize and analyze resistances and other forms of social antagonisms within organizational settings, taking the relational and contingent aspects of struggles into consideration. While the paper supports the idea of a joint articulation of PDT and OS, it raises a number of critical questions of how PDT concepts have been empirically used to explain the organization of resistance movements. The paper sets out a research agenda for how both PDT and OS can together contribute to our understanding of new, emerging organizational forms of resistance movements.
Conhecimento compartilhado, recursos de TI e desempenho de processos de negócios
Authors: Moreno Junior Valter de Assis , Cavazotte Flávia de Souza Costa Neves , Arruda Ricardo Reis
Published: April 2014

Esta pesquisa investiga os efeitos de recursos e capacidades associados à Tecnologia da Informação (TI), e do conhecimento compartilhado entre gestores das áreas de TI e de negócios, no alinhamento operacional entre essas áreas e, por conseguinte, no desempenho de processos de negócios. O estudo baseia-se em dados coletados nas áreas de TI e de retaguarda (back office) de 39 empresas prestadoras de serviços do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados observados por meio da análise de equações estruturais sugerem que o alinhamento operacional afeta positivamente o desempenho de processos de back office, e este, a satisfação de seus clientes. Embora recursos e capacidades de TI, assim como o compartilhamento de conhecimento, não tenham efeito direto sobre o nível de alinhamento operacional, quanto maior o compartilhamento de conhecimento entre as áreas de TI e de negócio, mais intensa e positiva a associação entre a flexibilidade da infraestrutura de TI e o alinhamento operacional entre as áreas. O artigo discute as implicações teóricas e práticas dessas observações.
Influence of exercise testing in gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: MENDES-FILHO Antonio Moreira , MORAES-FILHO Joaquim Prado Pinto , NASI Ary , EISIG Jaime Natan , RODRIGUES Tomas Navarro , BARBUTTI Ricardo Correa , CAMPOS Josemberg Marins , CHINZON Décio
Published: April 2014

Background : Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a worldwide prevalent condition that exhibits a large variety of signs and symptoms of esophageal or extra-esophageal nature and can be related to the esophagic adenocarcinoma. In the last few years, greater importance has been given to the influence of physical exercises on it. Some recent investigations, though showing conflicting results, point to an exacerbation of gastroesophageal reflux during physical exercises. Aim : To evaluate the influence of physical activities in patients presenting with erosive and non erosive disease by ergometric stress testing and influence of the lower esophageal sphincter tonus and body mass index during this situation. Methods : Twenty-nine patients with erosive disease (group I) and 10 patients with non-erosive disease (group II) were prospectively evaluated. All the patients were submitted to clinical evaluation, followed by upper digestive endoscopy, manometry and 24 h esophageal pH monitoring. An ergometric testing was performed 1 h before removing the esophageal pH probe. During the ergometric stress testing, the following variables were analyzed: test efficacy, maximum oxygen uptake, acid reflux duration, gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, influence of the lower esophageal sphincter tonus and influence of body mass index in the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux during these physical stress. Results : Maximum oxigen consumption or VO 2 max, showed significant correlation when it was 70% or higher only in the erosive disease group, evaluating the patients with or without acid reflux during the ergometric testing (p=0,032). The other considered variables didn't show significant correlations between gastroesophageal reflux and physical activity (p>0,05). Conclusions : 1) Highly intensive physical activity can predispose the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux episodes in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with erosive disease; 2) light or short sessions of physical activity have no influence on reflux, regardless of body mass index; 3) the lower esophageal sphincter tonus does not influence the occurrence of reflux disease episodes during exercise testing.
Double-blind prospective randomized study comparing polyethylene glycol to lactulose for bowel preparation in colonoscopy
Authors: MENACHO Aline Moraes , REIMANN Adriano , HIRATA Lie Mara , GANZERELLA Caroline , IVANO Flavio Heuta , SUGISAWA Ricardo
Published: April 2014

Background: Colonoscopy is the most frequent exam used to evaluate colonic mucosa, allowing the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. The appropriate bowel preparation is indispensable for the realization of colonoscopy. Therefore, it is necessary the use of laxative medications, preferentially by oral administration. Aim: To compare two medications used in bowel preparation in adult patients going to ambulatory colonoscopy and to analyze the patients' profile. Methods: A double-blind prospective study with 200 patients, randomized in two groups: one that received polyethilene glycol and another that received lactulose. The patients answered to questionnaires to data compilation, as tolerance, symptoms and complications related to preparation. Besides, it was also evaluated the prepare efficacy related to the presence of fecal residue. Results: Intestinal habit alterations and abdominal pain were the main reasons to realize the exams and hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. Ten percent of the ones who received lactulose didn't get to finish the preparation and 50% considered the taste "bad, but tolerable". The most common subjective symptom after the medication was nausea, especially after lactulose. During the exam, most of the patients who used lactulose had a "light discomfort" and the ones who used polyethilene glycol considered the discomfort as "tolerable". The quality of the preparation was good in 75%, undependable of the medication that was used. Conclusion : Polyethilene glycol was more tolerable when compared to lactulose, without difference on the quality of the preparation.
The presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes is associated with tumor size and depth of invasion in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: CAMBRUZZI Eduardo , AZEREDO Andreza Mariane de , KRONHART Ardala , FOLTZ Katia Martins , ZETTLER Cláudio Galeano , PÊGAS Karla Lais
Published: April 2014

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma is more often found in men over 50 years in the form of an antral lesion. The tumor has heterogeneous histopathologic features and a poor prognosis (median survival of 15% in five years). Aim: To estimate the relationship between the presence of nodal metastasis and other prognostic factors in sporadic gastric adenocarcinoma. Method: Were evaluated 164 consecutive cases of gastric adenocarcinoma previously undergone gastrectomy (partial or total), without clinical evidence of distant metastasis, and determined the following variables: topography of the lesion, tumor size, Borrmann macroscopic configuration, histological grade, early or advanced lesions, Lauren histological subtype, presence of signet ring cell, degree of invasion, perigastric lymph node status, angiolymphatic/perineural invasion, and staging. Results: Were found 21 early lesions (12.8%) and 143 advanced lesions (87.2%), with a predominance of lesions classified as T3 (n=99/60, 4%) and N1 (n=62/37, 8%). The nodal status was associated with depth of invasion (p<0.001) and tumor size (p<0.001). The staging was related to age (p=0.048), histological grade (p=0.003), and presence of signet ring cells (p = 0.007), angiolymphatic invasion (p = 0.001), and perineural invasion (p=0.003). Conclusion: In gastric cancer, lymph node involvement, tumor size and depth of invasion are histopathological data associated with the pattern of growth/tumor spread, suggesting that a wide dissection of perigastric lymph nodes is a fundamental step in the surgical treatment of these patients.
Bariatric surgery reverses metabolic risk in patients treated in outpatient level
Authors: SILVA-NETO Epifânio Feitosa da , VÁZQUEZ Cecília Mª Passos , SOARES Fabiana Melo , SILVA Danielle Góes da , SOUZA Márcia Ferreira Cândido de , BARBOSA Kiriaque Barra Ferreira
Published: April 2014

Background : The conventional treatment of obesity presents unsatisfactory results on weight loss and its long-term sustainability, therefore bariatric surgery has been suggested as an effective therapy, determining sustainable long-term weight loss, reversal of components of cardiometabolic risk and improved quality and life expectancy. Aim : To investigate the clinical component of the cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing bariatric surgery assisted on outpatient basis. Methods : The sample consisted of 47 patients with ages between 18 and 60 years, 72% females. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were prospectively evaluated by using the Assessment of Obesity-Related Co-morbidities scale. Results : Occurred improvement in these co-morbidities within 12 months after surgery. Co-morbidities resolved were greater than those improved. Conclusion : The study revealed that the Assessment of Obesity-Related Co-morbidities is a system that can be effectively used to quantify the degree of reduction of the severity of the cardiometabolic risk in response to bariatric surgery.
Hepatectomy: a critical analysis on expansion of the indications
Authors: LOPES-JUNIOR Ascêncio Garcia , BELEBECHA Vanessa , JACOB Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2014

Background: Hepatic resection has evolved to become safer, thereby making it possible to expand the indications. Aim : To assess the results from a group of patients presenting these expanded indications. Method: Were prospectively studied all the hepatectomy procedures performed for hepatic tumor resection. Patients with benign and malignant primary and secondary tumors were included. Were included variables such as age, gender, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative treatment, type of operation performed, need for transfusion, final anatomopathological examination and postoperative evolution. The patients were divided into two groups: group A, with a traditional indication for hepatectomy; and group B, with an expanded indication (tumors in both hepatic lobes, extensive resection encompassing five or more segments, cirrhotic livers and postoperative chemotherapy using hepatotoxic drugs). Results: Were operated 38 patients, and 40 hepatectomies were performed: 28 patients in group A and 10 in group B. The mean age was 57.7 years, and 25 patients were women. Three in group B were operated as two separate procedures. Groups A and B received means of 1.46 and 5.5 packed red blood cell units per operation, respectively. There were three cases with complications in group A (10.7%) and six in group B (60%). The mortality rate in group A was 3.5% (one patient) and in groups B, 40% (four patients). The imaging examinations were sensitive for the presence of tumors but not for defining the type of tumor. The blood and derivative transfusion rates, morbidity and mortality were greater in the group with expanded indications and more extensive surgery. Conclusion: The indications for liver biopsy and portal vein embolization or ligature can be expanded, with special need of cooperation of the anesthesiology department and the use of hepatic resection devices to diminish blood transfusion.
Step-by-step esophagojejunal anastomosis after intra-corporeal total gastrectomy for laparoscopic gastric cancer treatment: technique of "reverse anvil"
Authors: LACERDA Croider Franco , BERTULUCCI Paulo Anderson , OLIVEIRA Antônio Talvane Torres de
Published: April 2014

Background: The laparoscopic gastrectomy is a relatively new procedure due mainly to the difficulties related to lymphadenectomy and reconstruction. Until the moment, technique or device to perform the esophagojejunal anastomosis by laparoscopy is still a challenge. So, a safe, cheap and quickly performing technique is desirable to be developed. Aim : To present technique proposed by the authors with its technical details on reconstruction with "reverse anvil". Method: After total gastrectomy completed intra-corporeally, the reconstruction starts with the preparation of the intra-abdominal esophagus cross-section next to the esophagogastric transition of 50%. A graduated device is prepared using Levine gastric tubes (nº. 14 and 10), 3 cm length, connected to the anvil of the circular stapler (nº. 25) with a wire thread (2-0 or 3-0) of 10 cm, which is connected to end of this device. The whole device is introduced in reverse esophagus. The esophagus is amputated and the wire is pulled after previous transfixation in the distal esophagus and the anvil positioned. The jejunal loop is sectioned 20-30 cm from duodenojejunal angle, and the anvil put in the jejunal loop and connect previously in the esophagus. Linear stapler (blue 60 mm) is used to close the opening of the jejunal loop. Conclusion: The "reverse anvil" technique used by the authors facilitated the transit reestablishment after total gastrectomy, contributing to obviate reconstruction problems after total gastrectomy.
Compatibilidade de Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) isolado RSC-5 com diferentes carrapaticidas utilizados no controle de Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Monteiro Caio Márcio de Oliveira , Matos Renata da Silva , Prata Márcia Cristina de Azevedo , Batista Elder Simões , Perinotto Wendell Marcelo de Souza , Bittencourt Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro , Furlong John , Carvalho Vanessa Andaló Mendes de
Published: April 2014

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade de Heterorhabditis amazonensis isolado RSC-5 após exposição a diferentes carrapaticidas utilizados no controle de Rhipicephalus microplus. Foram constituídos seis tratamentos, cada um composto por um produto, sendo cada grupo com 75.000 nematoides (NEPs) em suspensão de 20 mL de solução de diferentes carrapaticidas, em concentração comercial. O controle foi formado por 75.000 NEPs e 20 mL de água destilada, e todos os grupos foram mantidos em câmara climatizada a 25°C. A avaliação do percentual de sobrevivência e infectividade em lagartas Galleria mellonella foi realizada 24 e 72 horas após o início do experimento. A mortalidade de lagartas no teste de infectividade foi analisada após 72 e 120 horas. Com 24 horas de exposição, o percentual de sobrevivência de H. amazonensis RSC-5 não foi significativamente reduzido (p > 0,05) somente na exposição ao princípio ativo deltametrina. O mesmo foi observado no período de 72 horas em relação à associação clorpirifós + cipermetrina + butóxido de piperonila + citronelal. Não foi constatada sobrevivência de nenhum juvenil infectivo nos grupos expostos à associação clorfenvinfós + diclorvós. A exposição ao clorfenvinfós resultou em percentual de sobrevivência inferior a 50% após 72 horas. O potencial de infectar lagartas de G. mellonella foi reduzido apenas no grupo tratado com o princípio ativo clorfenvinfós. Dessa forma, é possível concluir que o princípio ativo clorfenvinfós e a associação clorfenvinfós + diclorvós não foram compatíveis com H. Amazonenses RSC-5, causando redução no percentual de sobrevivência e infectividade dos juvenis desse nematoide. Os outros produtos foram compatíveis, não causando redução na infectividade do isolado testado.
Composição química e toxicidade de óleos essenciais para o pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852)
Authors: Lima Rafaela Karin , Cardoso Maria das Graças , Moraes Jair Campos , Carvalho Stephan Malfitano , Melo Bruno Almeida , Vieira Sara Silveira
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar e quantificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais de Illicum verum, Ageratum conyzoides, Piper hispidinervum e Ocotea odorifera, bem como avaliar a toxicidade para o pulgão-verde Schizaphis graminum. A qualificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio de um cromatógrafo gasoso + espectrômetro de massas, e a quantificação, por um cromatógrafo gasoso + detector de ionização de chama, ambos com uma coluna DB5. O método de hidrodestilação promoveu um rendimento (p/p) de 3,81% para I. verum, 0,46% para A. conyzoides, 2,85% para P. hispidinervum e 0,68% para O. odorífera. Já os componentes majoritários foram: precoceno (87,0%) e (E)-cariofileno (7,1%) para A. conyzoides; (E)-anetol (90,4%), limoneno (2,6%) e metil-chavicol (1,3%) para I. verum; metil-eugenol (81,2%) e safrol (10,6%) para Ocotea odorífera; e safrol (82,5%) e α-terpinoleno (13,4%) para P. hispidinervum. Pelos testes de toxicidade aguda (24 horas) com folhas de sorgo ou papel-filtro contaminados, verificou-se que o óleo de A. conyzoides foi o mais tóxico para o pulgão, com CL50 de 7,13 e 7,08 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente, seguido por O. odorifera com CL50 de 11,80 e 103,00 µL óleo/cm2 respectivamente; I. verum de 51,80 µL óleo/cm2 em ambos os substratos; e o menos tóxico foi o óleo essencial de P. hispidinervum, com CL50 de 62,50 e 143,00 µL óleo/cm2, respectivamente. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o uso dos óleos essenciais pode representar uma nova ferramenta em programas de manejo integrado de pragas.