bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communication and Rights
Authors: Cruft Rowan
Published: October 2022

This chapter’s primary aim is to defend the place of the concept of rights in the morality and law of communication. A second aim is to sketch out distinctions between some of the fundamental interests that ground our rights of communication: the chapter distinguishes those communicative rights that are components of other human rights from rights groundable simply in the importance of communication as such; it also distinguishes the ways communicators’ interests, recipients’ interests, and third party interests interact to ground communicative rights, and it develops a novel claim that communication’s distinctive way of connecting participants in the first and second person is intrinsically good for participants. A third aim is to show communication rights to be a form of social right, one that straddles traditional distinctions between civil-political and socio-economic rights, and between positive and negative rights.
Normative Disorientation and a Limitation of Human Rights
Authors: Hope Simon
Published: October 2022

To think about social human rights is to think about the social dimensions of human life. One of those dimensions is a culture or shared way of going on. That dimension is vulnerable to what Kwame Gyekye termed ‘evolutionary disconnection’ and the potential accompanying loss of one’s practical concepts. This chapter argues that when we think about what it could be to overcome evolutionary disconnection, to retain one’s practical concepts through normative disorientation, we find a general limitation on the conceptual language of human rights. Because that disorientation is itself part of many decolonizing peoples’ histories of injustice, it is reasonable to resist the injustices of colonization by invoking local ethical concepts to characterize them. To instead invoke human rights would make local concepts mere tokens of the generic considerations that really matter; to admit that the local concepts can no longer orient thought and action.
Evidence
Authors: Bird Alexander
Published: October 2022

This chapter articulates and defends a functional characterization of the concept of evidence: evidence is that which allows one to make inferences that extend knowledge. This entails that all and only knowledge is evidence, as argued for by Timothy Williamson. The chapter then examine a counterproposal, that evidence is non-inferential knowledge. The latter fails because it cannot account for the fact that in some cases one can lose initial evidence (e.g. by forgetting it) yet retain as known and well-evidenced those propositions inferred from that initial but now lost evidence. The empiricist identification of evidence with experience or observation (understood as perceptual), common in philosophy of science, exemplifies this mistaken non-inferentialist conception of evidence. It conflicts with scientists’ use of ‘evidence’ which allows for evidence that is highly theory-laden or is theoretical in nature.
Abductive Knowledge
Authors: Bird Alexander
Published: October 2022

The task of this chapter is to provide an explanationist account of theoretical knowledge in science and of rational preference among scientific hypotheses. Knowledge and rational preference are two states that need separate treatment, though the former can be seen as a limiting case of the latter. Inference to the Best Explanation says that one hypothesis is to be preferred to another when it is a ‘lovelier’ potential explanation. But for knowledge one mustemploy Inference to the Only Explanation—competing explanations must be excluded by the evidence. Inference to the Only Explanation is shown to be possible as well as in fact found in science. And the chapter gives an account of the loveliness of explanations that allows loveliness to be a guide to the truth.
“Fathers” at the Crossroads
Authors: Banerjee Swapna M.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 2 juxtaposes the lived experiences of sons and fathers against their life as social reformers and literary activists in nineteenth-century Bengal. It delineates how leaders such as Iswarchandra Vidyasagar, Keshubchandra Sen, Sivnath Sastri, aided missionary and colonial endeavours in the production of school textbooks, children’s journals, and translations of European literature in vernacular languages. It simultaneously draws on the lives of these leaders to highlight the contradictions that riddled their private–public selves. Their everyday practices in personal life as fathers and sons did not match their public crusade for social reforms aimed at improving the lives of children and women. The chapter argues that the multiple subject positions of the fathers were contingent on different layers of authority and subordination within the family and in the public realm. It provides a complex understanding of the paradoxical and interstitial location of middle-class fathers as a hegemonic and a subaltern subject.
Fathers in a Motherland
Authors: Banerjee Swapna M.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 3 explores the enunciative roles of writers trained in medical and scientific professions who acted as gatekeepers for an emerging nationalist culture. Positioning male and female children differently in various scientific discourses, the writers voiced anxieties and envisaged a moral pedagogy laced with prescriptions for raising healthy children and a robust nation. Drawing on this literature’s trope of loss and regeneration, “Fathers in a Motherland” interrogates the multiple ways the child was imagined—as hapless victims, as subjects of reform, as aggressors and as perpetrators of moral and sexual crimes, as well as signifiers of the hopes for a new nation. It argues that the intelligentsia conceived the child, a highly gendered category, as the new social imaginary in late nineteenth-century India. The harnessing of children as enabling agents signalled a counter-hegemonic effort by the writers as moral guardians of a new nation and its nebulous citizenry.
Imagining Fatherhood
Authors: Banerjee Swapna M.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 4 builds on personal narratives, especially those left by female and male adult children, to reconstruct the different facets that characterized the modern father. The self-writings of children mapped the dominant modes of imagining fathers as venerable, affectionate, ambivalent, and disciplinarian, testifying to the fathers’ hold over children’s minds and bodies. “Imagining Fathers” argues that the performative aspects of fatherhood were constitutive of gender-specific practices of masculinity and that fatherhood acted as a cornerstone of Indian patriarchy. The emotional landscape of love, anger, fear, and punishment disclosed the dominant texts of behaviour of fathers who defined and defied the norms in an altered colonial milieu. The chapter claims that a critical investigation of children–father relationships sheds light on both the existing cultures of childhood and the emerging national culture in late colonial India. Practices of fatherhood revealed the entanglement of the history of affect with the history of power.
Beyond Bengal—Gandhi and Nehru: Fathers at Home and Fathers of the Nation
Authors: Banerjee Swapna M.
Published: October 2022

Chapter 6 steps beyond Bengal and offers a comparative picture of fathering in India by scrutinizing the life-works of Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, who publicly held paternalistic positions in modern India. They both mobilized their children to impart an alternate pedagogy emphasizing self-determination, self-help, and self-reliance that determined their manhood as liberated citizens. Long before Gandhi developed a new model of basic education (nai talim), he started schools in South Africa to educate his sons. In writing Glimpses of World History as letters to his daughter Indira, Nehru positioned himself not just as the father of Indira, but as the father of the nation. This chapter contends that their families provided the leaders with human capital to envisage an education proclaiming the freedom of mind and displacing the colonial critique of Indian effeminacy. Gandhi and Nehru were fathers at home and fathers of the nation, although their fatherhood remained incomplete due to their limited visions.
Dual effect of the presence of fruits on leaf gas exchange and water relations of olive trees
Authors: Perez-Arcoiza A , Diaz-Espejo A , Fernandez-Torres R , Perez-Romero L F , Hernandez-Santana V
Published: October 2022

The presence of fruits provokes significant modifications in plant water relations and leaf gas exchange. The underlying processes driving these modifications are still uncertain and likely depend on the water deficit level. Our objective was to explain and track the modification of leaf-water relations by the presence of fruits and water deficit. With this aim, net photosynthesis rate (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ), leaf soluble sugars and daily changes in a variable related to leaf turgor (leaf patch pressure) were measured in olive trees with and without fruits at the same time, under well-watered (WW) and water stress (WS) conditions. Leaf gas exchange was increased by the presence of fruits, this effect being observed mainly in WW trees, likely because under severe water stress, the dominant process is the response of the plant to the water stress and the presence of fruits has less impact on the leaf gas exchange. Ψπ was also higher for WW trees with fruits than for WW trees without fruits. Moreover, leaves from trees without fruits presented higher concentrations of soluble sugars and starch than leaves from trees with fruits for both WW and WS, these differences matching those found in Ψπ. Thus, the sugar accumulation would have had a dual effect because on one hand, it decreased Ψπ, and on the other hand, it would have downregulated AN, and finally gs in WW trees. Interestingly, the modification of Ψπ by the presence of fruits affected turgor in WW trees, the change in which can be identified with leaf turgor sensors. We conclude that plant water relationships and leaf gas exchange are modified by the presence of fruits through their effect on the export of sugars from leaves to fruits. The possibility of automatically identifying the onset of sugar demand by the fruit through the use of sensors, in addition to the water stress produced by soil water deficit and atmosphere drought, could be of great help for fruit orchard management in the future.
Effect of Prophylactic Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for High-Risk Wounds in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaçmaz Hatice Yuceler , Baser Mürüvvet , Sozuer Erdoğan Mütevelli
Published: October 2022

OBJECTIVE

To determine the effect of prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy (pNPWT) in patients at high risk of surgical wound complications (SWCs) who underwent colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.

METHODS

In an open-label randomized controlled trial, 50 patients who underwent open CRC surgery between November 2018 and February 2020 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to the pNPWT group (n = 24) or control group (n = 26). For patients in the pNPWT group, the pNPWT device was placed on the wound for 7 days, whereas for patients in the control group, the wound was covered with a sterile gauze dressing. The primary outcome measured was 30-day SWCs: surgical site infection, hematoma, seroma, and wound dehiscence/evisceration. Secondary outcomes included postoperative wound infection assessment score and length of postoperative hospital stay.

RESULTS

The incidence of 30-day SWCs differed significantly between the pNPWT and control groups (16.7% vs 53.8% respectively, P = .006). Patients in the pNPWT group had a significantly lower incidence of seroma than did those in the control group (8.3% vs 34.6%, P = .025). Surgical site infection occurred in 10 of 50 patients (20%) in the study: two (8.3%) in the pNPWT group and eight (30.8%) in the control group (P = .048). No hematomas or wound dehiscence/evisceration were noted in the study. There was no difference in median length of stay between groups (P = .153).

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirmed that pNPWT effectively helps prevent SWCs in high-risk wounds after open CRC surgery.
PRODUCTION OF XYLANASE BY Aspergillus niger GIO AND Bacillus sp. (BA) THROUGH SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: Fasiku Samuel Adedayo , Bello Mobolaji Akeem , Odeniyi Olubusola Ayoola
Published: October 2022

Xylanase breaks xylan down to xylose which is used in industries such as pulp and paper, food, and feed, among others. The utilization of wastes for xylanase production is economical, hence, this work aimed at producing xylanase through solid-state fermentation and characterizing the enzyme. Xylanase-producing strains of Bacillus sp. (BA) and Aspergillus niger GIO were inoculated separately in a 5 and 10 days solid fermentation study on maize straw, rice straw, sawdust, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, conifer liters, alkaline-pretreated maize straw (APM), and combined-alkaline and biological-pretreated maize straw, respectively. The best substrate was selected for xylanase production. The crude enzyme was extracted from the fermentation medium and xylanase activity was characterized using parameters such as temperature, cations, pH, and surfactants. Among different substrates, the highest xylanase activity of 3.18 U/mL was recorded when Aspergillus niger GIO was grown on APM. The xylanase produced by Aspergillus niger and Bacillus sp. had their highest activities (3.67 U/mL, 3.36 U/mL) at 40 °C after 30 and 45 minutes of incubation, respectively. Optimum xylanase activities (4.58 and 3.58 U/mL) of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus sp., respectively were observed at pH 5.0 and 6.2. All cations used enhanced xylanase activities except magnesium ion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate supported the highest xylanase activity of 6.13 and 6.90 U/mL for Aspergillus niger and Bacillus sp. (BA), respectively. High yields of xylanase were obtained from Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus sp. (BA) cultivated on alkaline pretreated maize straw. The xylanase activities were affected by pH, temperature, surfactants, and cations.
Metabolic homeostasis and growth in abiotic cells
Authors: Akbari Amir , Palsson Bernhard O.
Published: October 2022

Metabolism constitutes the core chemistry of life. How it began on the early Earth and whether it had a cellular origin is still uncertain. A leading hypothesis for life’s origins postulates that metabolism arose from geochemical CO2-fixing pathways, driven by inorganic catalysts and energy sources, long before enzymes or genes existed. The acetyl-CoA pathway and the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle are considered ancient reaction networks that hold relics of early carbon-fixing pathways. Although transition metals can promote many steps of these pathways, whether they form a functional metabolic network in abiotic cells has not been shown. Here, we formulate a nonenzymatic carbonfixing network from these pathways and determine its functional feasibility in abiotic cells by imposing the fundamental physico-chemical constraints of the early Earth. Using first principles, we show that abiotic cells could have sustainable steady carbon-fixing cycles that perform a systemic function over a relatively narrow range of conditions. Furthermore, we find that in all feasible steady states, the operation of the cycle elevates the osmotic pressure, leading to volume expansion. These results suggest that achieving homeostatic metabolic states under prebiotic conditions was possible, but challenging, and volume growth was a fundamental property of early metabolism.
Genomic data supportBetula halophilaandBetula microphyllaas one species and reveal unidirectional introgression fromBetula pendulatoBetula microphylla
Authors: Ding Junyi , Hua Donglai , Yao Linmei , Wang Nian
Published: October 2022

Conservation of rare species faces challenges arising from uncertainties in species recognition, interspecific gene flow and global climate change.Betula microphyllaandBetula halophilaare endangered species in Xinjiang province, Northwest China, where they occur with the abundantBetula pendula. The species status ofB. halophilaremains dubious. The extent of gene flow between B.microphyllaandB. pendularemain unexplored. Here, we first resolve the identity ofB. halophilaand then assess the extent of gene flow betweenB. microphyllaandB. pendulausing restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). We sequenced 40B. pendulaindividuals, 40B. microphyllaindividuals, oneB. halophilaindividual and sevenB. tianshanicaindividuals. Our molecular analyses show thatB. halophilaandB. microphyllarefer to the same species. STRUCTURE analyses show unidirectional genetic admixture fromB. pendulatoB. microphylla. The ABBA-BABA test indicates that the genetic admixture reflects introgression rather than incomplete lineage sorting. Furthermore, we identified 233 functional genes within the introgressed regions with eight genes related to salt-tolerance, suggesting the possibility of potential adaptive introgression. Our study shows an urgent need to conserve the genetically pure populations ofB. microphyllaand to shift conservation efforts fromB. halophilatoB. microphylla. In addition, ex-situ conservation of B. microphylla and conservation strategies to avoid genetic swamping byB. pendulaandB. tianshanicashould be implemented.
A neural network model of a quasiperiodic elliptically polarizing undulator in universal mode
Authors: Sheppard Ryan , Baribeau Cameron , Pedersen Tor , Boland Mark , Bertwistle Drew
Published: October 2022

Machine learning has recently been applied and deployed at several light source facilities in the domain of accelerator physics. Here, an approach based on machine learning to produce a fast-executing model is introduced that predicts the polarization and energy of the radiated light produced at an insertion device. This paper demonstrates how a machine learning model can be trained on simulated data and later calibrated to a smaller, limited measured data set, a technique referred to as transfer learning. This result will enable users to efficiently determine the insertion device settings for achieving arbitrary beam characteristics.
The CLEAR X-ray emission spectrometer available at the CLAESS beamline of ALBA synchrotron
Authors: Simonelli L. , Marini C. , Ribo L. , Homs R. , Avila J. , Heinis D. , Preda I. , Klementiev K.
Published: October 2022

The CLEAR X-ray emission spectrometer installed at the CLAESS beamline of the ALBA synchrotron is described. It is an energy-dispersive spectrometer based on Rowland circle geometry with 1 m-diameter circle. The energy dispersion is achieved by the combination of a diced analyzer crystal and a unidimensional detector. A single unconventional dynamically bent analyzer crystal (Si 111) permits a wide energy range to be covered, just by exploiting its different reflections (333, 444, 555, 777, 888): 6–22 keV, with a spectrometer efficiency that decreases above 11 keV because of the Si detector thickness (Mythen, 350 µm), while the relative scattering intensities for the Si 333, 444, 555, 777 and 888 reflections correspond to 36, 40, 21, 13 and 15, respectively. The provided energy resolution is typically below 1–2 eV and depends on the beam size, working Bragg angle and reflection exploited. In most cases the energy dispersion ranges from 10 to 20 eV and can be enlarged by working in the out-of-Rowland geometry up to 40 eV. The spectrometer works in full backscattering geometry with the beam passing through the two halves of the analyzer. The vacuum beam path and the particular geometry allow a typical average noise of only 0.5 counts per second per pixel. The spectrometer is mainly used for measuring emission lines and high-resolution absorption spectra, with a typical scanning time for highly concentrated systems of around half an hour, including several repeats. The intrinsic energy dispersion allows systematic collection of resonant X-ray emission maps by measuring high-resolution absorption spectra. Moreover, it allows spectra to be measured on a single-shot basis. Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering experiments to probe electronic excitations are feasible, although the spectrometer is not optimized for this purpose due to the limited energy resolution and scattering geometry provided. In that case, to minimize the quasi-elastic line, the spectrometer is able to rotate along the beam path. Advantages and disadvantages with respect to other existing spectrometers are highlighted.
Average and statistical properties of coherent radiation from steady-state microbunching
Authors: Deng X. J. , Zhang Y. , Pan Z. L. , Li Z. Z. , Bian J. H. , Tsai C.-Y. , Li R. K. , Chao A. W. , Huang W. H. , Tang C. X.
Published: October 2022

A promising accelerator light source mechanism called steady-state microbunching (SSMB) is being actively studied. With the combination of strong coherent radiation from microbunching and high repetition rate of a storage ring, high-average-power narrow-band radiation can be anticipated from an SSMB storage ring, with wavelengths ranging from THz to soft X-ray. Such a novel light source could provide new opportunities for accelerator photon science like high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and industrial applications like extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. In this paper, a theoretical and numerical study of the average and statistical properties of coherent radiation from SSMB are presented. The results show that 1 kW average-power quasi-continuous-wave EUV radiation can be obtained from an SSMB ring provided that an average current of 1 A and a microbunch train with bunch length of 3 nm can be formed at the radiator which is assumed to be an undulator. Together with the narrow-band feature, the EUV photon flux can reach 6 × 1015 photons s−1 within a 0.1 meV energy bandwidth, which is three orders of magnitude higher than that in a conventional synchrotron source and is appealing for fundamental condensed matter physics and other research. In this theoretical investigation, we have generalized the definition and derivation of the transverse form factor of an electron beam which can quantify the impact of its transverse size on coherent radiation. In particular, it has been shown that the narrow-band feature of SSMB radiation is strongly correlated with the finite transverse electron beam size. Considering the pointlike nature of electrons and quantum nature of radiation, the coherent radiation fluctuates from microbunch to microbunch, or for a single microbunch from turn to turn. Some important results concerning the statistical properties of SSMB radiation are presented, with a brief discussion on its potential applications, for example the beam diagnostics. The presented work is of value for the development of SSMB to better serve potential synchrotron radiation users. In addition, this also sheds light on understanding the radiation characteristics of free-electron lasers, coherent harmonic generation, etc.
Multi-objective genetic algorithm for synchrotron radiation beamline optimization
Authors: Zhang Junyu , Qi Pengyuan , Wang Jike
Published: October 2022

In beamline design, there are many floating parameters that need to be tuned; manual optimization is time-consuming and laborious work, and it is also difficult to obtain well optimized results. Moreover, there are always several objectives that need to be considered and optimized at the same time, making the problem more complicated. For example, asking for both the flux and energy to be as large as possible is a usual requirement, but the changing trends of these two variables are often contradictory. In this study, a novel optimization method based on a multi-objective genetic algorithm is introduced, the first attempt to optimize a beamline with multiple objectives. In order to verify this method, beamline ID17 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is taken as an example for simulation, with energy and dose rate as objectives. The result shows that this method can be effective for beamline optimization, and an optimal solution set can be obtained within 30 generations. For the solutions whose objectives are both improved compared with those of ESRF beamline ID17, the maximums of energy and dose rate increase by around 7% and 20%, respectively.
Verification: model-free phasing with enhanced predicted models in ARCIMBOLDO_SHREDDER
Authors: Medina Ana , Jiménez Elisabet , Caballero Iracema , Castellví Albert , Triviño Valls Josep , Alcorlo Martin , Molina Rafael , Hermoso Juan A. , Sammito Massimo D. , Borges Rafael , Usón Isabel
Published: October 2022

Structure predictions have matched the accuracy of experimental structures from close homologues, providing suitable models for molecular replacement phasing. Even in predictions that present large differences due to the relative movement of domains or poorly predicted areas, very accurate regions tend to be present. These are suitable for successful fragment-based phasing as implemented in ARCIMBOLDO. The particularities of predicted models are inherently addressed in the new predicted_model mode, rendering preliminary treatment superfluous but also harmless. B-value conversion from predicted LDDT or error estimates, the removal of unstructured polypeptide, hierarchical decomposition of structural units from domains to local folds and systematically probing the model against the experimental data will ensure the optimal use of the model in phasing. Concomitantly, the exhaustive use of models and stereochemistry in phasing, refinement and validation raises the concern of crystallographic model bias and the need to critically establish the information contributed by the experiment. Therefore, in its predicted_model mode ARCIMBOLDO_SHREDDER will first determine whether the input model already constitutes a solution or provides a straightforward solution with Phaser. If not, extracted fragments will be located. If the landscape of solutions reveals numerous, clearly discriminated and consistent probes or if the input model already constitutes a solution, model-free verification will be activated. Expansions with SHELXE will omit the partial solution seeding phases and all traces outside their respective masks will be combined in ALIXE, as far as consistent. This procedure completely eliminates the molecular replacement search model in favour of the inferences derived from this model. In the case of fragments, an incorrect starting hypothesis impedes expansion. The predicted_model mode has been tested in different scenarios.
Family and peer communication and wine consumption among young adults: examining the role of responsible drinking practices
Authors: Jaud David A. , Gergaud Olivier , Lunardo Renaud
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine within-family and peer communication (type and frequency) and subsequent wine consumption of young adults. Specifically, this research investigates whether the distinct types of technical, prohibition and moderation-based communication affect wine knowledge, responsible drinking practices, and ultimately, wine consumption.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted an econometric approach based on a cross-sectional study with data collected from a large sample of 1,466 students in France.

Findings

The authors show that wine technical-based messages from parents help young adults acquire knowledge about wine, which in turn increases consumption. Also, moderation-based messages make young adults both, more knowledgeable about wine and, as expected, more responsible in terms of drinking practices, subsequently limiting their consumption. Finally, prohibition-based messages marginally decrease wine knowledge and have no impact on responsible drinking practices.

Social implications

This article provides relevant recommendations for public policymakers and brands, who should target parents and peers as part of their responsible drinking communication or advertising campaigns.

Originality/value

To fill a gap in the literature on young consumer behavior and food marketing, this research primarily investigates the relationship between family (and peer) communication and young adults' wine consumption, particularly whether and how, which type(s) of parental communication influences young adults' wine knowledge and adoption of responsible drinking practices.
How corporate social responsibility moderates the relationship between distributive unfairness and organizational revenge: a deontic justice perspective
Authors: Deng Wei , Jia Ming , Zhang Zhe
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the differential moderating effects of two types (internal/external) of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between distributive injustice and organization-directed revenge through the mediating role of negative emotions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper conducts two studies. Study 1 was a vignette study based on a sample of 501 part-time master of business administration students in China aimed at testing the moderating effects of different levels of internal (external) CSR. Study 2 involved a laboratory experiment in which 108 postgraduate students were recruited to scrutinize the contrasting moderating effects of different types of CSR (internal vs external) and test the underlying mechanisms of negative emotions. The latest facial expression analysis technology (FaceReader 5.0 software) was used to detect participants’ emotional state.

Findings

Study 1 demonstrates that internal CSR buffers the relationship between distributive injustice and organizational revenge behavior through negative emotions. However, the moderating effect of external CSR is not significant. Study 2 reveals that compared with external CSR, distributive injustice induces fewer negative emotions in the presence of internal CSR and the mediating role of negative emotions detected by the facial expression analysis software is also verified.

Practical implications

The authors hope that the findings of this paper can provide theoretical references for enterprise managers to enhance their employee governance, develop more effective intervention policies and formulate corresponding coping mechanisms to prevent and mitigate workplace revenge behaviors.

Originality/value

First, this paper enriches the literature on the relationship between injustice and organization revenge by introducing CSR as an employee governance tool. Second, this paper reconciles prior inconsistent findings about employee response to CSR in the occurrence of negative events by distinguishing between external and internal CSR and examining the differential moderating effects of two types of CSR. Such distinction is derived from the heterogeneous justice perceptions arising from different CSR actions. In addition, the authors measure participants’ negative emotions through a multi-method approach integrating the latest technology for facial expression analysis and the PANAS scale, which represents a method advancement and provides implications for measuring emotions.
HR specialists in the spotlight: aggregating popular culture representations to highlight the underlying occupational image
Authors: Bissola Rita , Imperatori Barbara
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study adopts the popular culture lens to investigate the collective understanding behind the human resources (HR) occupations.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical study analyzes 129 characters from 87 movies, television (TV) series, books and comics. The measurement model was tested using structural equation modeling and cluster analysis identified five HR representations in the popular culture.

Findings

Popular culture reflects five HR representations: The Executor, the Hero, the Buddy, the Bore, and the Good-time person. Results suggest that public opinion pays scarce attention to the so-called HR “strategic position” while underlining the need for a more socially responsible HR approach.

Originality/value

The authors' study serves as a means for integrating past research on HR role and reputation, occupational image, self-identity and popular media. While most scholars have addressed popular culture as a single case and paid almost no attention to the HR domain, this article complements the literature by offering a fruitful way to distil HR summative popular culture representations, thus advocating for both a theoretical and a methodological contribution.
Optimal prototype design of dry textile electrode-based compression pants for surface electromyography measurements
Authors: Lee Hyojeong , Lee Yejin
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To provide guidelines for the development of textile electrode compression pants that collect reliable signals during surface electromyography (sEMG) measurements and maintain a comfortable level of pressure.

Design/methodology/approach

To increase skin adhesion, 12 textile electrode bands for biceps brachii were prepared according to a combination of variables, namely, the type of the textile electrode, the pressure level and the presence or absence of an electrolyte. The dry textile electrode adopted herein was developed in terms of the size and material of the contact area, and a new electrode design was proposed. After examining the optimal design conditions by measuring the sEMGs during isometric exercise of the biceps brachii, prototype pants were designed based on the design variables that gave the most promising evaluation results. The completed prototype pants were verified through isometric thigh muscle exercises.

Findings

It was confirmed that the textile electrode was capable of EMG measurement with an excellent signal quality. Upon considering the comfort of wearing the device and the cost efficiency of dry electrodes, prototype pants that adopted a fit relative to a light clothing pressure (i.e. thigh: 1.3–1.9 kPa), and combined both silicon and silver thread embroidery with a wide contact area for stability, were designed and their sEMG measurements were confirmed.

Originality/value

In this study, wearable clothing based on textile electrodes was developed to ensure a comfortable fit from the wearer's perspective, and a design method was proposed for the development of low-cost SmartWear electrodes and circuits.
Is private schooling worth it? A study on the relationship between cost, quality, and student achievement in the private schools
Authors: Alkaabi Alanood , Cherian Jacob Poopada , Davidson Ross
Published: October 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to explore the relationships between school cost, school quality, and students' achievement in private schools in the UAE. Moreover, it also aimed to determine the extent to which socio-economic factors influence student outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey research design was employed by distributing a survey to students' parents in private schools (n = 400) who were selected randomly. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Therefore, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, linear regression, and multiple regression analysis were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between the variables.

Findings

A significant positive association was found between school costs and school quality. Furthermore, parents reported that their children's outcomes were significantly associated with the costs that they paid to schools. Additionally, school quality had a significant impact on students' achievement and explained approximately 38% of the variation in students' achievement. The results also demonstrated a significant association between school cost, parents' income, and students' outcomes.

Originality/value

This study explores the relationships between school cost, school quality, and students' achievements. Additionally, it examines the influence of socioeconomic factors on the relationships between the study variables. The context of this study is the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Impacts of alginate–basil seed mucilage–prebiotic microencapsulation on the survival rate of the potential probiotic Leuconostoc mesenteroides ABRIINW.N18 in yogurt
Authors: Nami Yousef , Kiani Amir , Elieh‐Ali‐Komi Daniel , Jafari Mahdieh , Haghshenas Babak
Published: October 2022

We aimed at improving probiotic survival, stability and release in digestive settings during yogurt storage. Alginate–basil seed mucilage was formulated with various concentrations of prebiotics (inulin, fructooligosaccharides and fenugreek) and selected for microencapsulation. When compared with uncapsulated probiotic cells, all examined formulations had high encapsulation effectiveness of over 98.2% and a viable potential probiotic cell survival (62%) when studied under simulated settings. These findings indicate the use of home‐grown‐based gums such as basil seed adhesive and fenugreek in combination with alginate are good media for probiotic encapsulation.
Identifying risk and prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa patients with digital gangrene
Authors: Zhao Lin , Kong Xiaodan , Zhao Jiuliang , Zhou Jiaxin , Zhang Shangzhu , Xu Dong , Tian Xinping , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Fengchun
Published: October 2022

Background

Many patients with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) complicated by digital gangrene have poor outcomes and related research information is limited. Our aim is to identify the associated risk and prognostic factors in PAN patients with digital gangrene.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of 148 PAN patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Octorber 2001 to December 2018. Forty‐seven (31.8%) PAN patients had digital gangrene. The average age was 40.4 ± 17.9 years.

Results

The presence of digital gangrene was correlated with current smoking (P = .008, odds ratio [OR] 2.99, 95% CI, 1.33–6.73), eosinophil elevation (P = .003, OR 4.21, 95% CI, 1.62–10.91) and elevated leukocytes (P = .001, OR 4.26, 95% CI, 1.86–9.78). Thirty‐two (68.1%) gangrene patients received methylprednisolone pulse therapy and all of these patients were treated with cyclophosphamide. Nine patients suffered irreversible organ injury and 2 died. Survival analysis showed higher serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) was associated with poor prognosis in patients with gangrene (log‐rank P = 0.042 and generalized Wilcoxon P = .020).

Conclusions

PAN patients with current smoking and eosinophil elevation were more prone to digital gangrene and a high serum CRP level predicted poor outcomes. The CRP level should be efficiently controlled to ensure a good prognosis.
Health surveillance representative of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) distribution in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cooley M , Whiteley P , Thornton G , Stevenson M
Published: October 2022

Health surveillance of wildlife populations is essential for conservation and reduction of the impacts of disease. Population declines and areas of overabundance of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) can disrupt the overall survival of the species as well as its habitat. This retrospective study was conducted to describe population distributions, identify areas which need increased surveillance and improve koala health surveillance methodology by Wildlife Health Victoria: Surveillance (WHV:S) at the Veterinary School of The University of Melbourne. Twelve years of Victorian koala observation data from the Atlas of Living Australia combined with surveillance data from WHV:S were used to create choropleth maps, using Quantum Geographic Information Systems of populations and surveillance events, visually representing hot spots. This data was further used to calculate health surveillance efforts between 2008 to the beginning of 2020. Analysis ranked postcodes throughout Victoria from low surveillance efforts to high, using standardised surveillance ratio's 95% confidence interval upper limits which were mapped using a colour gradient. This identified postcodes which need increased surveillance effort, corresponding to areas with high koala observations and low surveillance submissions. This analysis can guide surveillance for postcodes with koalas that were under‐represented and inform improved methodology of future surveillance by WHV:S. The specific advice for improvements to WHV:S includes utilisation of citizen science and syndromic surveillance, website improvement, increasing community awareness and more. The limitations of this study were discussed.
A single pedicled robotic peritoneal flap in penile inversion vaginoplasty augmentation
Authors: Morelli Girolamo , Zucchi Alessandro , Ralph David , Perotti Alessandro , Sollazzi Eleonora , Bartoletti Riccardo
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To develop a surgical technique to achieve greater depth of the neovaginal cavity in transgender patients undergoing scrotovaginoplasty, and to propose a method for restoring neovaginal integrity in case of lack of genital skin or reduction of the depth due to scarring after infections or ischaemic processes.

Methods

Eight patients were selected to undergo scrotovaginoplasty with scrotal graft and peritoneal flap augmentation in one operating session as a modification of Zhao's original technique. The age of the patients ranged from 25 to 65 years. The first step of the procedure was standard penile inversion vaginoplasty, avoiding suturing of the superior side of the skin cylinder. The skin cylinder was pushed into the abdominal cavity through the perineal access. Afterwards a laparoscopic/robotic approach was used: a single peritoneal flap was harvested from the posterior bladder surface, incised, dissected, pedicled on the neovaginal dome, overturned and and sutured all‐round to the neovagina. The sides were adapted to obtain a ‘cul‐de‐sac’.

Results

The average operating time was 6 ± 1.5 h, and patients’ hospitalization lasted 6 days. There were no intra‐ or postoperative complications. Postoperative management was the same as that usually reported in BJUI for patients undergoing standard scrotovaginoplasty.

Conclusions

The use of this technique represents a good solution for increasing neovaginal depth by harvesting a large peritoneal vascularized flap, without significantly affecting postoperative management or increasing complications, as frequently observed using the colovaginoplasty technique.
Law‐books, concomitant texts and ethnically framed legal pluralism on the fringes of post‐Carolingian Europe: northern Italy and Catalonia around 1000
Authors: Esders Stefan
Published: October 2022

Around 1000, a new type of law‐book emerged in Catalonia and northern Italy that attests to new ways of handling legal material. Incorporating in full the Visigothic and Lombard law codes, respectively, these law‐books provided a base for studying and interpreting old law through comments, glosses etc., addressing new users such as lay judges. By looking at the Catalonian Liber iudicum popularis and the north Italian Liber Papiensis in their manuscript contexts along with several revealing concomitant texts, the article seeks to demonstrate that these law‐books also need to be understood as reflecting a transformation of law brought about by the two regions’ former belonging to the Carolingian empire. A manuscript‐based approach can demonstrate how the local appropriation of pre‐Carolingian and Carolingian traditions contributed to the legitimization of post‐Carolingian rule in both regions, whose legal cultures evolved quite differently despite numerous parallels and points of comparison.
Western Europe in the age of Abbot‐Bishop Oliba: persistence and transformation after the Carolingians
Authors: Geary Patrick
Published: October 2022

This essay situates Count‐Bishop Oliba of Vic in post‐Carolingian western Europe by comparing his spiritual and political roles to those of contemporary bishops beyond the Pyrenees: Fulbert of Chartres, Gerard of Cambrai, Burchard of Worms, and Aribert of Milan. Although not in direct communication with each other, these men faced similar challenges. Each bishop concentrated on securing the regional levers of power, either assuming the roles traditionally held by counts or else contesting these with actual counts. A major factor differentiating their careers was the presence or absence of strong royal authority, which determined not only their selection as bishops but also the extent to which, after consecration, they were obliged to respond to external authority.
Adaptive ankle impedance control for bipedal robotic upright balance
Authors: Yin Kaiyang , Wang Yifei , Li Pengfei , Dai Kejie , Xue Yaxu , Yang Longzhi
Published: October 2022

Upright balance control is a fundamental skill of bipedal robots for various tasks that are usually performed by human beings. Conventional robotic control is often realized by developing accurate dynamic models using a series of fixed torque‐ankle states, but their success is subject to accurate physical and kinematic models. This can be particularly challenging when external disturbing forces present, but this is common in unstructured robotic working environments, leading to ineffective robotic control. To address such limitation, this paper presents an adaptive ankle impedance control method with the support of the advances of adaptive fuzzy inference systems, by which the desired ankle torques are generated in real time to adaptively meet the dynamic control requirement. In particular, the control method is initialised with specific external disturbing forces first representing a general situation, which then evolves whilst performing in a real‐world working environment by acting on the feedback from the control system. This is implemented by initialising a rule base for a typical situation, and then allowing the rule base to evolve to specific robotic working environments. This closed loop feedback and action mechanism timely and effectively configures the control system to meet the dynamic control requirements. The proposed control method was applied to a bipedal robot on a moving vehicle for system validation and evaluation, with robotic loads ranging from 0 to 1.65 kg and external disturbances in terms of vehicle acceleration ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 , leading to robotic swing angles up to and anti‐disturbance timespans up to 8.5 s. These experimental results demonstrate the power of the proposed upright balance control method in improving the robustness, and thus applicability, of bipedal robots.
The fish, the pole, or both?: The growing need for the integration of experiential skills across the law school curriculum
Authors: Davis Nakia C.
Published: October 2022

Author declined to include an abstract.
More than just child's play: Enhancing the class experience through role‐playing in children's law
Authors: Heldman Jessica K. , Fellmeth Robert C.
Published: October 2022

Issues impacting children, families, and communities involve an array of weighty interests rooted in a variety of consequential historical, legal, and political precedents. For more than 30 years, students in the course Child Rights and Remedies have explored these precedents while honing their critical thinking and advocacy skills through role play. Students are each assigned a role for the duration of the semester—a child advocate/child's attorney, a parent advocate/parent's attorney, a state attorney, among others—from which to analyze cases relevant to children. Students are asked to identify the strongest legal and policy arguments supporting the position of someone in their assigned role and to prepare to raise and defend the position in class. A recent innovation—developed as a result of mandated virtual instruction— expands student exploration of child‐ and family‐related topics through contribution to a current events blog. This article will briefly discuss the benefit of role play in legal education followed by detailed guidance on using the approach to explore four key child rights cases. The article also includes the blog assignment description as well as example blog entries and responses.