bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in children
Authors: Yılmaz Ünsal
Published: February 2024

Over the last two decades, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), previously thought to be a biomarker of multiple sclerosis (MS), have been shown to cause a distinct disease called MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). MOGAD accounts for approximately one-third of all demyelinating syndromes in children and is the second most common central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease after MS. The diagnosis is made by detecting anti-MOG IgG antibodies against the natural MOG antigen, in the presence of compatible clinical and neuroradiological features. However, due to controversies in the methodologies for detecting anti-MOG antibodies and their diagnostic cutoff values, as well as the expanding clinical spectrum, accurate diagnosis may be challenging, at least in a subset of patients. Clinical presentations of MOGAD vary by age; the highest rates are seen in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in younger children and optic neuritis, myelitis, or brainstem symptoms in older children. Although it was previously thought to be a milder demyelinating disorder and to have a monophasic course in the majority of patients, recent studies have shown that relapses occur in about half of the patients and sequelae develop in a significant proportion of them, especially in those with persistently high antibody titers, leukodystrophy-like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, and spinal cord involvement. However, due to the monophasic course in about half of the patients, long-term treatment is not recommended after the first clinical episode but is recommended for patients who experience relapse. Accurate and early diagnosis of MOGAD is essential for proper management and better outcome. This review covers the challenges in the diagnosis of MOGAD in children.
Advances in neuroprotective therapy for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Yang , Guo Dandan , Liu Yiming , Li Yi
Published: February 2024

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of disability worldwide, and recanalization therapy is significant in the hyperacute phase of AIS. However, reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation after recanalization predict poor prognosis of AIS. How to minimize reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation, which greatly improves the prognosis of vascular recanalization, is becoming a hot topic in AIS research and an urgent problem to be solved. A wealth of neuroprotective drug studies is now available, while some of the neuroprotectants have met with failure in human studies. It is discussed in this review about the progress in neuroprotective therapy for AIS based on understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms of reperfusion injury and hemorrhagic transformation, as well as challenges in exploring new neuroprotectants.
Carbon nanotubes as neuroprotective agents
Authors: Wilson Daisy L. , Ahlawat Jyoti , Narayan Mahesh
Published: February 2024

Carbon nanotubes, an emerging class of carbon nanomaterials, possess tremendous potential for application in biotechnology and biomedicine particularly in neurological disorders. Carbon nanotubes owing to their fascinating properties have the potential to revolutionize medicine and technology, particularly in the realm of drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and as therapeutic agents to tackle complex neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In this review, a summary of the use of carbon nanotubes for neuropathological outcomes such as alleviating oxidative stress and amyloid formation, which are well-studied molecular outcomes associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In the end, challenges associated with the clinical testing of carbon nanotubes and possible ways to overcome them are highlighted.
Garbage Detection using YOLO Algorithm for Urban Management in Bangkok
Authors: Panmuang Mathuros , Rodmorn Chonnikarn
Published: February 2024

Garbage problems in urban areas are becoming more serious as the population increases, resulting in community garbage, including Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, being affected by pollution from rotten waste. Therefore, this research aims to apply deep learning technology to detect images from CCTV cameras in urban areas of Bangkok by using YOLO to detect images from CCTV cameras in urban areas of Bangkok, using YOLO to detect 1,383 images of overflowing garbage bins, classified into 2 classes: garbage class and bin class. YOLO in each version was compared, consisting of YOLOv5n, YOLOv6n, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8n. The comparison results showed that YOLOv5n was able to classify classes with an accuracy of 94.50%, followed by YOLOv8n at 93.80%, YOLOv6n at 71.60%, and YOLOv7 at 24.60%, respectively. The results from this research can be applied to develop a mobile or web application to notify of overflowing garbage bins by integrating with CCTV cameras installed in communities to monitor garbage that is overflowing or outside the bin and notify relevant agencies or the locals. This will allow for faster and more efficient waste management.
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Olive Detection on the Branch
Authors: Kahya Erhan , Aslan Yasin
Published: February 2024

The future of deep learning integration in agriculture holds great potential for advancing sustainable agricultural practices, precision agriculture and improved decision-making. With the rapid development of image processing and artificial intelligence technologies in recent years, deep learning has begun to play a major role in identifying agricultural pests and optimizing agricultural product marketing. However, there are challenges related to data quality, model scalability, and geographical limitations for widespread adoption of deep learning in agriculture. This study on Olive was conducted to improve the quality of the data set and to ensure more reliable training of object detection models. According to the result of the training process of YOLOv7 used in the study, it was concluded that it was characterized by decreasing loss values and showed an increase in the model's ability to detect objects correctly. It was observed that the other model, YOLOv8l, had a more effective learning capacity and a tendency to learn faster. The performance of both models was evaluated with various metrics, and it was determined that YOLOv8l had higher Precision, Recall, and mAP values. It was emphasized that YOLOv8l showed high performance even in low epoch numbers and can be preferred especially in cases where time and computational resources were limited. It was determined that YOLOv7 made detections in a wide confidence range, but had difficulty in detections with low confidence scores. It was observed that YOLOv8l made more stable and reliable detections with higher confidence scores. The metric data of the "YOLOv8l" model was found to be higher compared to other models. The F1 score of the YOLOv5l model was 92.337%, precision 96.568%, recall %88,462,mAP@0.5:0.65 value gave the highest score with 94.608%. This research on deep learning-based object detection models indicated that YOLOv8l showed superior performance compared to YOLOv7 and was a more reliable option for agricultural applications.
НАЦІЄТВОРЧІ ЗАСАДИ УКРАЇНОМОВНОЇ ОСВІТИ (про результати проведення щорічного вебінару «Рідномовна і багатомовна освіта у контексті сталого розвитку» до Міжнародного дня рідної мови 2024)
Authors: Vovk Myroslava
Published: February 2024

У повідомленні представлено результати проведення щорічного вебінару «Рідномовна і багатомовна освіта у контексті сталого розвитку суспільства», присвяченого Міжнародному дню рідної мови (15 лютого 2024 р.). Ініціатори заходу — Інститут педагогічної освіти і освіти дорослих імені Івана Зязюна НАПН України, Кафедра ЮНЕСКО «Неперервна професійна освіта ХХІ століття». Співорганізаторами вебінару виступили Секретаріат уповноваженого із захисту рідної мови, Інститут української мови НАН України, Інститут літератури імені Тараса Шевченка НАН України, Всеукраїнське товариство «Просвіта» імені Тараса Шевченка, ГО «Українська асоціація освіти дорослих». Метою вебінару є просвітницька місія партнерства наукових установ, закладів фахової передвищої і вищої освіти, заклади загальної освіти у дієвій реалізації політики україномовного навчання та раціональної підтримки багатомовної освіти; утвердження цінності мови як маркеру української ідентичності в умовах воєнних реалій.Учасники вебінару (понад 180 осіб): громадські діячі, науковці, студенти, магістранти, аспіранти, докторанти, викладачі закладів фахової передвищої і вищої освіти, працівники бібліотек, музейних інституцій (Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка, Уманський державний педагогічний університет імені Павла Тичини, Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника, Ізмаїльський державний гуманітарний університет, Державна науково-педагогічна бібліотека імені В. Сухомлинського НАПН України, Державний ліцей «Міжнародна українська школа» та ін.). Акцентовано увагу на сучасних викликах у контексті утвердження української мови як націєтворчого чинника суспільного поступу.
Islamic Religious Education Based On Local Culture: Strategy For Developing Islamic Religious Education Materials In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Zumzianah  , Usman  , Wahab
Published: February 2024

Islamic religious education in Indonesia is very important in shaping the character and morals of students, but it needs to be more integrated with local cultural values. This research aims to develop a strategy for developing Islamic Religious Education materials based on local culture at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. The research method used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through literature studies, observations, and interviews with experts in Islamic Religious Education and local culture. Data analysis uses content analysis content. The research results show that integrating local cultural values in Islamic Religious Education materials can increase students' understanding and involvement in learning about the Islamic religion. Material development strategies include identification of local cultural values, preparation of material based on local stories, teacher training in using the material, and regular evaluation and improvement. This research means that there is a practical guide for Islamic religious education teachers to develop material that is relevant to the local cultural context so that it can increase the effectiveness of Islamic spiritual learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah.
«THREE FRIENDS OF WINTER» IN SUZHOU GARDENS
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Forestry University named after S.M. Kirov, Minhao Liu
Published: February 2024

The article talks about the symbolism of the «Three Friends of Winter» in Chinese culture and landscape design. Plum, pine and bamboo are chosen to symbolize friendship, strength and resilience, respectively. Chinese culture is grateful to the poet of the Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, for creating the image. For a thousand years, this symbol has become an integral part of the artistic worldview of the entire Chinese nation. These plants are often used in Chinese landscape design and are depicted in paintings and ceramic products. The symbolism of the «Three Friends of Winter» has a deep symbolic meaning and is used to convey various emotional wishes on a mental level. Long before Su Dongpo, residents of different parts of the country used these plants in everyday life, medicine, construction, and cooking.
Uso de la Termografía Infrarroja en el Abordaje Diagnóstico Primario de Tumores Testiculares en Pacientes Menores de 18 Años de Edad
Authors: López Santos Héctor Alfonso , León Zamudio José Alfredo , Alarcón Morales Hugo Bernabé , Godínez Álvarez Pablo , Martínez Tovilla Yaneth , Avilés González Onésimo , Cuevas Villegas Salvador , Pérez Lorenzana Hector , Cisneros Gasca Laura Cecilia , Jiménez Céspedes Sergio , López Jáuregui Olivia
Published: February 2024

Los tumores testiculares son poco comunes en niños menores de 15 años, representando el 2-4% de los cánceres en la edad pediátrica. Su incidencia es bimodal en pediatría: en recién nacidos y en la pubertad. En México, se diagnostican alrededor de 4500 casos anuales en edades entre 15 y 35 años. Su presentación más frecuente es un tumor escrotal indoloro. El diagnóstico se apoya en marcadores tumorales, niveles hormonales y la ecografía como la mejor opción para el estudio inicial. Diferenciar entre tumores benignos y malignos en la ecografía es crucial, aunque a veces puede ser difícil. Se plantea el uso potencial de la termografía infrarroja en el abordaje diagnóstico de tumor testicular, aunque no existen estudios específicos publicados. Esta técnica, utilizada en el cáncer de mama, se basa en la detección de diferencias de temperatura causadas por el aumento del flujo sanguíneo hacia el tumor. El diagnóstico tardío se relaciona con tratamientos más agresivos y mayores complicaciones. Por eso, se evalúa en este artículo la utilidad de la termografía infrarroja en pacientes menores de 18 años con tumores testiculares, el cual Pretende identificar incrementos de temperatura en el área escrotal, describir patrones de imágenes termográficas y comparar las temperaturas entre los testículos afectados y no afectados. Este estudio es relevante por proponer un método no invasivo y sin contacto que podría facilitar la detección temprana de tumores testiculares, cubriendo así una necesidad diagnóstica en la pediatría actual.
Bayes Estimator of Exponential Distribution Parameters of Type II Censored Data with Linear Exponential Loss Function Method Based on Jeffrey Priors
Authors: Previan Anggara Teguh , Kurniawan Ardi , Mardianto M. Fariz Fadillah , Sediono Sediono
Published: February 2024

Survival analysis is often used in the application of analyzing the survival of an object such as living things or objects. This analysis is identical to data censoring which is divided into three, namely: type I, II, and III censored data. Type II censored data is data censoring done by determining the number of objects to be analyzed  from the total number of observation objects . Type II censored data is used when the analysis is intended to maximize the results of the analysis. Bayesian Linear Exponential (LINEX) loss function is one method that can be used to estimate parameters in survival analysis by minimizing the expected value of LINEX. The purpose of this study is to determine the Bayesian LINEX loss function parameter estimation on type II censored data using exponential distribution. This method uses the concept of posterior distribution and prior distribution. The prior distribution used is the Jeffrey prior distribution which has objective properties and is based on Fisher information theory The application of the parameter estimation results is carried out on the survival data of lung cancer patients obtained from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Based on the results of parameter estimation, it is concluded that the greater the value of the controller  (a) can produce a smaller value of parameter estimation results (θ^) . The results of this study can be used as a reference in conducting survival tests using type II censored exponential distribution data using the LINEX loss function method based on Jeffrey priors.
Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Resep Produk Minuman Jeruk Instan Guna Meningkatkan Perekonomian Masyarakat
Authors: Nugraha Dhanang Prawira , Rollando Rollando , Monica Eva , Aziz Nur , Susanto F.X Haryanto
Published: February 2024

Kucur Village is a tangerine producer in Malang Regency. However, people still sell it in fresh fruit form; besides that, the pest of fruit flies is also a scourge for farmers, and the absorption capacity in the market for fresh fruit is still relatively lower than the products produced. Processing oranges into secondary products can be a solution for farmers by processing tangerines. Ma Chung University's service aims to develop recipes for making instant powder drinks from tangerines to increase the tangerines' economic value. The method used is recipe development in the laboratory, which is practised in Kucur Village to find which recipe is most suitable and produce products for sale. The results of this service and the Kucur village community produced a recipe suitable for sale as an instant powder drink. The recipe for this instant powder drink contains an infusion of lemongrass stems, ginger, bay leaves, and lime.
A melodic interlude: key notes for indexing books about music
Authors: Bain Paula Clarke
Published: February 2024

There is much to enjoy about composing indexes to books on music, but they can present a suite of different challenges. In this article, based on her presentation to the 2023 conference of the Indexing Society of Canada/Société canadienne d’indexation (ISC/SCI), Paula Clarke Bain shares her experience and tips on indexing several types of musical books, including scholarly works on classical music, and trade biographies/memoirs of contemporary pop/rock stars, offering insight into how to fine-tune your practice when indexing such materials.
William Lost-His-Pants and more fun with indexing medieval names
Authors: Komornicka Jolanta N.
Published: February 2024

Many books on indexing cover how to index medieval kings and queens, popes, bishops, and other members of the elite. But a whole swath of people do not have neat titles and will not be found in national biographical dictionaries. Using her expertise as both a medieval historian and an indexer, Jolanta Komornicka looks at the naming practices for the medieval masses, specifically the rise of the byname: what it was, how it relates to the surname, and how to index it.
A linked index for an oral Tamil folk epic: a case study
Authors: Seagren Ronnie
Published: February 2024

Some projects have a life of their own, and in this case study Ronnie Seagren presents the experience of a straightforward book indexing project that grew into its own saga, including editing and work with a hybrid publisher. She was asked to index an important medieval Tamil epic story that was both obscure and out of print. This republishing journey took two and a half years. The index had to meet the needs of several very different audiences: Tamil scholars, students comparing epic stories, and a general public just wanting to learn something about South Asian folk culture. Indexing a work of fiction poses specific indexing dilemmas. Working with a small hybrid publisher, where the author bore all of the costs of publishing, posed many more. The project was very specific, but it has implications for indexing both fiction and self-published books.
A retrospective of a scholarly indexer
Authors: Newberry Mary
Published: February 2024

From time to time this journal has featured articles on the career progression of particular indexers, sometimes looking at the experiences of those starting out in the profession, at other times taking a longer view. Here Mary Newberry reflects on her long career as an indexer and her approach to the indexing of scholarly books.
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). III. Survey Characterization and Simulation Methods
Authors: Bernardinelli Pedro H. , Smotherman Hayden , Langford Zachary , Portillo Stephen K. N. , Connolly Andrew J. , Kalmbach J. Bryce , Stetzler Steven , Jurić Mario , Oldroyd William J. , Lin 林 Hsing Wen 省文 , Adams Fred C. , Chandler Colin Orion , Fuentes Cesar , Gerdes David W. , Holman Matthew J. , Markwardt Larissa , McNeill Andrew , Mommert Michael , Napier Kevin J. , Payne Matthew J. , Ragozzine Darin , Rivkin Andrew S. , Schlichting Hilke , Sheppard Scott S. , Strauss Ryder , Trilling David E. , Trujillo Chadwick A.
Published: February 2024

We present a detailed study of the observational biases of the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project’s B1 data release and survey simulation software that enables direct statistical comparisons between models and our data. We inject a synthetic population of objects into the images, and then subsequently recover them in the same processing as our real detections. This enables us to characterize the survey’s completeness as a function of apparent magnitudes and on-sky rates of motion. We study the statistically optimal functional form for the magnitude, and develop a methodology that can estimate the magnitude and rate efficiencies for all survey’s pointing groups simultaneously. We have determined that our peak completeness is on average 80% in each pointing group, and our magnitude drops to 25% of this value at m
25 = 26.22. We describe the freely available survey simulation software and its methodology. We conclude by using it to infer that our effective search area for objects at 40 au is 14.8 deg2, and that our lack of dynamically cold distant objects means that there at most 8 × 103 objects with 60 < a < 80 au and absolute magnitudes H ≤ 8.
The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). I. Survey Description, Science Questions, and Technical Demonstration
Authors: Trilling David E. , Gerdes David W. , Jurić Mario , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Bernardinelli Pedro H. , Napier Kevin J. , Smotherman Hayden , Strauss Ryder , Fuentes Cesar , Holman Matthew J. , Lin 林 Hsing Wen 省文 , Markwardt Larissa , McNeill Andrew , Mommert Michael , Oldroyd William J. , Payne Matthew J. , Ragozzine Darin , Rivkin Andrew S. , Schlichting Hilke , Sheppard Scott S. , Adams Fred C. , Chandler Colin Orion
Published: February 2024

We present here the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP), a 3 yr NOAO/NOIRLab Survey that was allocated 46.5 nights to discover and measure the properties of thousands of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) to magnitudes as faint as VR ∼ 27 mag, corresponding to sizes as small as 20 km diameter. In this paper we present the science goals of this project, the experimental design of our survey, and a technical demonstration of our approach. The core of our project is “digital tracking,” in which all collected images are combined at a range of motion vectors to detect unknown TNOs that are fainter than the single exposure depth of VR ∼ 23 mag. Through this approach, we reach a depth that is approximately 2.5 mag fainter than the standard LSST “wide fast deep” nominal survey depth of 24.5 mag. DEEP will more than double the number of known TNOs with observational arcs of 24 hr or more, and increase by a factor of 10 or more the number of known small (<50 km) TNOs. We also describe our ancillary science goals, including measuring the mean shape distribution of very small main-belt asteroids, and briefly outline a set of forthcoming papers that present further aspects of and preliminary results from the DEEP program.
Chondrule Survivability in the Solar Nebula
Authors: Taki Tetsuo , Wakita Shigeru
Published: February 2024

The lifetime of millimeter-sized dust grains, such as chondrules, in the nominal solar nebula model is limited to ∼105 yr, due to an inward drift driven by gas drag. However, isotopic and petrological studies of primitive meteorites indicate a discrepancy of ≳106 yr between the formation time of chondrules and that of chondritic parent bodies. Therefore, chondrules should survive for ≳106 yr in the solar nebula against the inward drift without subsequent growth (i.e., planetesimal formation). Here, we investigate the conditions of the solar nebula that are suitable for the long lifetime of chondrule-sized dust particles. We take the turbulent strength, the radial pressure gradient force, and the disk metallicity of the solar nebula as free parameters. For 1 mm radius chondrules to survive and keep their size for ≳106 yr, the suitable condition is a weak turbulence (α ∼ 10−6), a flat radial profile (η ≲ 10−3), and a high metallicity (Z ∼ 0.1). This condition is qualitatively consistent with the characteristics of protoplanetary disks suggested by recent observations. We eventually propose that planetesimal formation may be induced by disk evolution, e.g., the inside-out dispersal of the gas component due to the disk wind.
Detection of Asymmetry in the Narrow Fe Kα Emission Line in MCG-5-23-16 with Chandra
Authors: Liu Victor , Zoghbi Abderahmen , Miller Jon M.
Published: February 2024

Iron Kα (Fe Kα) emission is observed ubiquitously in active galactic nuclei (AGN), and it is a powerful probe of their circumnuclear environment. Examinations of the emission line play a pivotal role in understanding the disk geometry surrounding black holes. It has been suggested that the torus and the broad-line region (BLR) are the origins of emission. However, there is no universal location for the emitting region relative to the BLR. Here, we present an analysis of the narrow component of the Fe Kα line in the Seyfert AGN MCG-5-23-16, one of the brightest AGN in X-rays and in Fe Kα emission, to localize the emitting region. Spectra derived from Chandra/HETGS observations show asymmetry in the narrow Fe Kα line, which has only been confirmed before in the AGN NGC 4151. Models including relativistic Doppler broadening and gravitational redshifts are preferred over simple Gaussians and measure radii consistent with R ≃ 200–650 r

g
. These results are consistent with those of NGC 4151 and indicate that the narrow Fe Kα line in MCG-5-23-16 is primarily excited in the innermost part of the optical BLR, or X-ray BLR. Characterizing the properties of the narrow Fe Kα line is essential for studying the disk geometries of the AGN population and mapping their innermost regions.
Clouds and Seasonality on Terrestrial Planets with Varying Rotation Rates
Authors: Williams Daniel A. , Ji 纪 Xuan 璇 , Corlies Paul , Lora Juan M.
Published: February 2024

Using an idealized climate model incorporating seasonal forcing, we investigate the impact of rotation rate on the abundance of clouds on an Earth-like aquaplanet, and the resulting impacts upon albedo and seasonality. We show that the cloud distribution varies significantly with season, depending strongly on the rotation rate, and is well explained by the large-scale circulation and atmospheric state. Planetary albedo displays nonmonotonic behavior with rotation rate, peaking at around 1/2ΩE. Clouds reduce the surface temperature and total precipitation relative to simulations without clouds at all rotation rates, and reduce the dependence of total precipitation on rotation rate, causing nonmonotonic behavior and a local maximum around 1/8ΩE; these effects are related to the impacts of clouds on the net atmospheric and surface radiative energy budgets. Clouds also affect the seasonality. The influence of clouds on the extent of the winter Hadley cell and the intertropical convergence zone is relatively minor at slow rotation rates (<1/8ΩE), but becomes more pronounced at intermediate rotation rates, where clouds decrease their maximum latitudes. The timing of seasonal transitions varies with rotation rate, and the addition of clouds reduces the seasonal phase lag.
IRIS2+: A Comprehensive Database of Stratified Thermodynamic Models in the Low Solar Atmosphere
Authors: Sainz Dalda Alberto , Agrawal Aaryan , De Pontieu Bart , Gošić Milan
Published: February 2024

We present the most comprehensive collection of stratified-in-optical-depth thermodynamic models of the lower solar atmosphere. This database, named IRIS2+, consists of 40,320 synthetic representative profiles (RPs) and their corresponding representative model atmospheres (RMAs). The latter result from inverting the observed RPs, which are the result of clustering multiline spectral profiles observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph in 126 active regions (ARs). Each AR was clustered in 320 RPs considering five solar features: umbra, pore or pore-like, penumbra, plage, and quiet Sun. The multiline spectral profiles contain 12 lines with encoded physical information from the top of the chromosphere to the midphotosphere. These 12 spectral lines, six chromospheric and six photospheric, were simultaneously inverted with the Stockholm Inversion Code. Therefore, the stratified-in-optical-depth low solar atmosphere models obtained in this study are better constrained than those obtained from the nonsimultaneous inversion of individual lines. Each tuple in the database contains an inverted RP, its corresponding RMA, the solar feature label where the observed RP was clustered, its heliocentric angle, and its date and time of observation. The database may be used as an inversion code for any of the lines present in the RPs, and the RMAs may be used for synthesizing spectral lines in the chromosphere and photosphere or as mean constraints for numerical models of the solar atmosphere.
The Very Early Soft X-Ray Plateau of GRB 230307A: Signature of an Evolving Radiative Efficiency in Magnetar Wind Dissipation?
Authors: Zhong Shu-Qing , Li Long , Xiao Di , Sun Hui , Zhang Bin-Bin , Dai Zi-Gao
Published: February 2024

Very recently, a particularly long gamma-ray burst (GRB) 230307A was reported and proposed to originate from a compact binary merger based on its host galaxy property, kilonova, and heavy elements. More intriguingly, a very early plateau followed by a rapid decline in the soft X-ray band was detected in its light curve by the Lobster Eye Imager for Astronomy, indicating strong evidence of the existence of a magnetar as the merger product. This Letter explores the magnetar wind internal gradual magnetic dissipation model, in which the radiative efficiency evolves over time, and successfully fits it to the observed data. Our results reinforce the notion that the X-ray plateau serves as a powerful indicator of a magnetar and imply that an evolving efficiency is likely to be a common feature in X-ray plateaus of GRB afterglows. In addition, we also discuss the explanations for the prompt emission, GRB afterglows, as well as kilonova, and predict possible kilonova afterglows in a magnetar central engine.
Mercury’s Lobate Scarps Reveal that Polygonal Impact Craters Form on Contractional Structures
Authors: Beddingfield Chloe B. , Crane Kelsey , Klimczak Christian , Cartwright Richard
Published: February 2024

Analysis of polygonal impact craters (PICs) can be used to investigate the presence and orientations of subtle and/or buried faults and fractures across the solar system that may otherwise be unobservable in spacecraft images. Although this technique has been vetted for the analysis of extensional structures, no previous work has investigated if PICs also form on contractional thrust faults. This determination, which we investigated in this work, is critical for accurate tectonic setting interpretations from PICs. Mercury shows an abundance of thrust-fault-related landforms, making it an ideal laboratory to perform this investigation. In this work, we found that Mercury’s thrust faults, and their overlying folds and fractures, cause some complex craters ∼20 km or larger to form PICs. However, in most cases, craters form as circular impact craters on these structures. When PIC straight rim segments do form, they parallel the lobate scarp thrust faults and fold hinges. Some PICs likely formed as a result of an impact’s interaction with the thrust fault itself, while others may have interacted with fold hinge joints. The parallel relationship between PICs and shortening structures is consistent with the well-established relationship between PICs and extensional structures. Therefore, in addition to extensional fractures, contractional features should also be taken into consideration when utilizing PICs to interpret tectonic settings on bodies across the solar system.
The effects of high-dose radiation therapy on bone: a scoping review
Authors: Berk Lawrence
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This scoping review presents the preclinical and clinical data on the effects of high-dose radiation therapy (RT) on bone structure and function.Materials and Method: An extensive PubMed search was performed for the relevant questions. The data were then synthesized into a comprehensive summary of the available relevant in-vitro, preclinical and clinical literature.Results: In-vitro studies of high-dose RT on cell cultures show considerable damage in the viability and functional capacity of the primary cells of the bones; the osteoclasts, the osteoblasts, and the osteocytes. In-vivo animal models show that high-dose RT induces significant morphological changes to the bone, inhibits the ability of bone to repair damage, and increases the fragility of the bone. Clinical data show that there is an increasing risk over time of damage to the bone, such as fractures, after high-dose RT.Conclusion: These findings suggest that there may be a limit to the safe dose for single-fraction RT, and the long-term consequences of high-dose RT for the patients must be considered.
Diversity, pathogenicity and two new species of pestalotioid fungi (Amphisphaeriales) associated with Chinese Yew in Guangxi, China
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Tsui Kin-Ming , Chen Shimei , You Chongjuan
Published: February 2024

Chinese yew, Taxus chinensis var. mairei is an endangered shrub native to south-eastern China and is widely known for its medicinal value. The increased cultivation of Chinese yew has increased the incidence of various fungal diseases. In this study, Pestalotioid fungi associated with needle spot of Chinese yew were isolated from Guangxi Province. Based on morphological examinations and multi-locus (ITS, tub2, tef-1α) phylogenies, these isolates were identified to five species, including two new species, Pestalotiopsis taxicola and P. multicolor, two potential novel Neopestalotiopsis species, Neopestalotiopsis sp. 3 and Neopestalotiopsis sp. 4, with a known Pestalotiopsis species (Pestalotiopsis trachycarpicola), firstly recorded from Chinese yew. These two new Pestalotiopsis species were morphologically and phylogenetically distinct from the extant Pestalotioid species in Chinese yew. Pathogenicity and culture characteristic tests of these five Pestalotioid species were also performed in this study. The pathogenicity test results revealed that Neopestalotiopsis sp. 3 can cause diseases in Chinese yew needles. These results have indicated that the diversity of Pestalotioid species associated with Chinese yew was greater than previously determined and provided helpful information for Chinese yew disease diagnosis and management.
African Literature on MAELD and ADELD Platforms
Authors: Waliya Yohanna Joseph
Published: February 2024

La révolution numérique entraîne des transformations socioculturelles ainsi qu’une fracture numérique à travers le monde. La fracture est particulièrement évidente en Afrique en raison de l’adoption tardive de la numérisation qui affecte l’évolution de la littérature électronique ou e-lit. Pour combler cette lacune, la base de données multilingue sur la littérature électronique africaine et la base de données sur la littérature électronique de la diaspora africaine (MAELD & ADELD) ont été créées en 2021 pour informer le public de l’existence de la littérature électronique africaine née numériquement. Par conséquent, cette analyse vise à rendre compte de l’évolution de la littérature électronique africaine en Afrique et dans la diaspora en utilisant une méthodologie numérique de collecte, d’annotation et d’archivage des données sur le net. Outre l’introduction, cet article est également segmenté en quatre: la canonicité de l’e-lit africain, la pertinence et l’objectif du MAELD & ADELD, puis l’analyse du contenu de la base de données. Dans le troisième segment, j’expliquerai en détail la méthodologie de collecte et de sélection des données. Ensuite, dans le quatrième segment, j’analyserai le contenu du MAELD & ADELD. En fin de compte, je conclurai et donnerai mon point de vue sur la littérature électronique africaine ainsi que sur son avenir à l’échelle mondiale.
The State and Aluminium in France, 19th-21st Centuries
Authors: Mioche Philippe , Renaux Thierry
Published: February 2024

L’histoire de l’aluminium est intimement liée à la France. Le minerai d’aluminium, la bauxite, tire son nom du village méridional des Baux-de-Provence. Le premier procédé de production du métal a été mis au point par le chimiste français Henri Sainte-Claire Deville en 1854, tandis que le procédé de production d’aluminium par électrolyse - encore utilisé de nos jours - est le résultat de travaux de l’inventeur français Paul Héroult (et, indépendamment et simultanément, de l’Américain Charles Martin Hall). Jusqu’en 1890, la seule production régulière d’aluminium est française. Pechiney, une des entreprises historiques majeures du secteur, a eu une longévité exceptionnelle dans la production d’aluminium, a traversé le XX e  siècle - ses conflits, ses changements nationaux et internationaux, etc. - et a été un acteur de tout premier plan quant aux questions technologiques. Une communication de Philippe Mioche et Thierry Renaux, en forme de prolégomènes, se proposait de poser quelques jalons sur les liens entre l’aluminium, son industrie et l’État en France. Les deux articles suivants portent sur deux périodes de cette longue histoire. Le premier est consacré au « premier âge de l’aluminium » quand ce métal était rare et semi-précieux (1854-1890), le second à la période 1945-2020, des Trente Glorieuses aux restructurations contemporaines et profondes d’une industrie mondialisée.
Gentrifier l’altérité : diversité et blanchité dans les restaurants du quartier du canal Saint-Martin à Paris
Authors: Kim Jiyoung
Published: February 2024

Le phénomène de gentrification rime souvent avec l’éloge de la « mixité sociale » des habitants, ainsi que de la « diversité » des commerces de proximité. Dans ce contexte, comment cette dernière est-elle construite et travaillée par les entrepreneurs ? À partir d’une enquête de terrain menée entre 2017 et 2020 sur les restaurants du quartier du canal Saint-Martin, situé dans le X e  arrondissement de Paris, l’article a pour but de mettre en lumière le processus de construction de la diversité, allant de pair avec la construction d’une altérité (in)acceptable. Nous étudions d’abord le travail de blanchité réalisé par les entrepreneurs minoritaires racisés qui ouvrent un restaurant représentant leur propre origine ethnique et/ou nationale. En tant que groupe minoritaire dans l’Hexagone, l’identification entre leur origine et l’offre culinaire oscille entre les frontières internes et externes d’une conception de soi traversée par l’expérience du racisme. Contrastant avec cette première vision, l’article s’intéresse ensuite au travail réalisé par les entrepreneurs blancs, racialisés comme groupe majoritaire et issus de classes supérieures, qui ouvrent des restaurants dont les offres culinaires représentent une culture « extra-occidentale ». Ce contraste permet d’élucider le mécanisme de la construction d’une altérité (in)acceptable, qui s’articule avec les rapports sociaux de classe et de race.
Participation des acteurs, pratiques de chercheurs
Authors: Morgny Cynthia , Schepens Florent , Sposito-Tourier Maylis
Published: February 2024

Introduction : L’activité professionnelle représente une injonction à participer au collectif et alimente notre identité. En être privé peut engendrer une exclusion sociale. En parallèle, l’injonction à l’autonomie est prégnante dans notre société. La personne en situation de handicap peut souffrir d’une stigmatisation sociale et se trouver en tension entre handicap/autonomie/travail. Le travail est alors essentiel pour s’identifier comme un travailleur et non comme une personne dépendante. But de l’étude : La recherche participative présentée poursuit un double objectif : donner la parole à une population stigmatisée – les travailleurs handicapés – et à leurs proches ; comprendre et analyser avec eux les stratégies utilisées pour pouvoir travailler ou se maintenir en emploi et les répercussions de celles-ci sur la santé au travail et le rapport aux risques. Résultats : Les échanges entre le groupe de pairs et l’équipe scientifique ont permis d’affiner les questionnements initiaux, de reformuler des analyses, de modifier des supports de communication, pour les rendre plus acceptables et accessibles. Cette démarche participative a modifié nos pratiques de chercheurs en permettant aux personnes concernées par la recherche d’en devenir des acteurs. Conclusion : Pour des populations subissant une domination symbolique, la recherche participative permet de redonner confiance aux personnes et légitimité aux savoirs expérientiels.
Radio number of $ 2- $ super subdivision for path related graphs
Authors: Mari Baskar , Jeyaraj Ravi Sankar
Published: February 2024

We studied radio labelings of graphs in response to the Channel Assignment Problem (CAP). In a graph $ G, $ the radio labeling is a mapping $ \varpi:V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2, ..., \}, $ such as $ |\varpi(\mu')-\varpi(\mu'')|\geq diam(G)+1-d(\mu', \mu''). $ The label of $ \mu $ for under $ \varpi $ is defined by the integer $ \varpi(\mu), $ and the span under is defined by $ span(\varpi) = max \{|\varpi(\mu')-\varpi(\mu'')|: \mu', \mu'' \in V(G)\}. $ $ rn(G) = min_{\varpi} span(\varpi) $ is defined as the radio number of $ G $ when the minimum over all radio labeling $ \varpi $ of $ G $ is taken. $ G $ is said to be optimal if its radio labeling is $ span(\varpi) = rn(G). $ A graph H is said to be an $ m $ super subdivision if $ G $ is replaced by the complete bipartite graph $ K_{m, m} $ with $ m = 2 $ in such a way that the end vertices of the edge are merged with any two vertices of the same partite set $ X $ or $ Y $ of $ K_{m, m} $ after removal of the edge of $ G $. Up to this point, many lower and upper bounds of $ rn(G) $ have been found for several kinds of graph families. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the radio number $ rn(G) $ for a graph $ G $, with particular emphasis on the $ m $ super subdivision of a path $ P_{n} $ with $ n (n \geq 3) $ vertices, along with a complete bipartite graph $ K_{m, m} $ consisting of $ m $ v/ertices, where $ m = 2 $.
Stochastic analysis of survival and sensitivity in a competition model influenced by toxins under a fluctuating environment
Authors: Ma Yuanlin , Yu Xingwang
Published: February 2024

This paper proposed a stochastic toxin-dependent competition model to investigate the impact of environmental noise on species interaction dynamics. First, a survival analysis was conducted to establish the sufficient conditions for population extinction and persistence. Second, we proved the existence of a unique ergodic stationary distribution. Finally, the spatial arrangement of random states near the deterministic attractor was investigated using the stochastic sensitivity functions technique. This analytical approach facilitates constructing confidence ellipses and estimating critical noise intensity corresponding to the onset of transition. Both theoretical and numerical findings demonstrated that significant levels of noise experienced by one species lead to its extinction while promoting persistence in its competitor; conversely, negligible levels of noise did not alter the original competition outcomes in the deterministic model. However, when both species encounter moderate levels of noise, various modifications can occur in competition outcomes. These findings have significant implications for preserving ecosystem diversity.
A new characterization of the dual space of the HK-integrable functions
Authors: Arredondo Juan H. , Montaño Genaro , Mendoza Francisco J.
Published: February 2024

We construct the Henstock-Kurzweil (HK) integral as an extension of a linear form initially defined on $ L^{1} $, but which is not continuous in this space. This gives us an alternative way to prove existing results. In particular, we give a new characterization of the dual space of Henstock-Kurzweil integrable functions in terms of a quotient space.
Inference and other aspects for $ q- $Weibull distribution via generalized order statistics with applications to medical datasets
Authors: Nagy M. , Barakat H. M. , Alawady M. A. , Husseiny I. A. , Alrasheedi A. F. , Taher T. S. , Mansi A. H. , Mohamed M. O.
Published: February 2024

This work utilizes generalized order statistics (GOSs) to study the $ q $-Weibull distribution from several statistical perspectives. First, we explain how to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and utilize Bayesian techniques to estimate the parameters of the model. The Fisher information matrix (FIM) required for asymptotic confidence intervals (CIs) is generated by obtaining explicit expressions. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare the performances of these estimates based on type Ⅱ censored samples. Two well-established measures of information are presented, namely extropy and weighted extropy. In this context, the order statistics (OSs) and sequential OSs (SOSs) for these two measures are studied based on this distribution. A bivariate $ q $-Weibull distribution based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) family and its relevant concomitants are studied. Finally, two concrete instances of medical real data are ultimately provided.
Convolutional transformer-driven robust electrocardiogram signal denoising framework with adaptive parametric ReLU
Authors: Wang Jing , Pei Shicheng , Yang Yihang , Wang Huan
Published: February 2024

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely used diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. However, ECG recording is often subject to various noises, which can limit its clinical evaluation. To address this issue, we propose a novel Transformer-based convolutional neural network framework with adaptively parametric ReLU (APtrans-CNN) for ECG signal denoising. The proposed APtrans-CNN architecture combines the strengths of transformers in global feature learning and CNNs in local feature learning to address the inadequacy of learning with long sequence time-series features. By fully exploiting the global features of ECG signals, our framework can effectively extract critical information that is necessary for signal denoising. We also introduce an adaptively parametric ReLU that can assign a value to the negative information contained in the ECG signal, thereby overcoming the limitation of ReLU to retain negative information. Additionally, we introduce a dynamic feature aggregation module that enables automatic learning and retention of valuable features while discarding useless noise information. Results obtained from two datasets demonstrate that our proposed APtrans-CNN can accurately extract pure ECG signals from noisy datasets and is adaptable to various applications. Specifically, when the input consists of ECG signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -4 dB, APtrans-CNN successfully increases the SNR to more than 6 dB, resulting in the diagnostic model's accuracy exceeding 96%.
Risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea in Arab women: A focus on war displacement and mental health outcomes
Authors: Gammoh Omar , Al Rob Osama Abo , Alqudah Abdelrahim , Al-Smadi Ahmed , Dobain Mohamad Obada , Zeghoul Reham , Aljabali Alaa A. A. , Alsous Mervat
Published: February 2024

Background

Dysmenorrhea is wide spread gynecological disorder among that affect the quality of life of women world wide. The current study aims to examine whether war displacement, mental health symptoms, and other clinical factors are associated with dysmenorrhea severity.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional case-control study recruiting two groups: displaced Syrian women and un-displaced local Jordanian women. Demographics and clinical details were recorded. The severity of dysmenorrhea was assessed using WaLIDD scale, the PHQ-9 scale was emplyed to assess depressive symptoms, anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7 scale, and insomnia was assessed using the ISI-A scale. Predictors of severe dysmenorrhea in females using multivariate binary logistic regression.

Results

Out of 808 of the total participants, 396 (49%) were Syrian displaced war refugees, 424 (42.5%) reported using paracetamol, 232 (23.2%) were using NSAIDs, and 257 (25.9%) using herbal remedies. Severe dysmenorrhea was associated with war displacement (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.49–3.08, p < 0.001), not using NSAIDs (OR = 2.75, 95% CI = 1.91–3.95, p < 0.001), not using herbal remedies (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.13–3.60, p = 0.01), depression (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.40–3.29, p < 0.001), and insomnia (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.14–2.42, p = 0.009).

Conclusions

War displacement, type of analgesic, depression, and insomnia are risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea.