bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serological detection of hepatitis B virus e antigen and TNF-α in a dialysis patient
Authors: Abed Aneeda Khraibet , Alkhafaji Zaytoon A , Abood Ali Jaber
Published: February 2024

Background:

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is responsible for all forms of hepatitis (occult HBV infection [OBI]) endangering the health of the public. The growth, division, and activity of immune cells are governed by chemical mediators called cytokines. Evidence suggests that inadequate immune responses contribute to the persistence of HBV.

Objectives:

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) among HBV surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) persons by analyzing the association between age and gender and the severity of HBV infection.

Materials and Methods:

Seventy-two individuals from August 2022 to November 2022 were hired: a total of 35 healthy participants and 37 persons with acute or chronic HBV infection. Healthy controls and research participants ranged from 20 to 80 years old, and all of them were analyzed using serum samples (3 mL). The levels of HBV, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and HBeAg in the blood were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

37 affirmatives out of 72 Using a double-antibody sandwich ELISA, we determined that our HBV participants met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the HBsAg ELISA Kit indicated that the prevalence of HBsAg was greatest in those 35–49 years old (32.5%) and lowest in those 20–34 years old (21.6%) and 50–64 years old (21.6%). The HBsAg ELISA Kit result showed that the 37 patients who tested positive for HBsAg, 22 were female (59.5%), and 15 were male (40.5%). This suggests that the prevalence of HBsAg infection is higher in females than in males. Dialysis patients have been shown to have increased levels of HBeAg and TNF-α.

Conclusions:

Patients in Babylon province with chronic HBV had significantly higher than average levels of HBeAg and TNF.
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity, and chromatographic study of Camellia sinensis
Authors: Omran Aseel Mohammad , Al Sa’ady Amal Talib , Saleh Rasha Hadi
Published: February 2024

Background:

This study highlights the use of plants as a vital part of Iraq’s health care. One of the most significant plants for medicine is Camellia sinensis.

Objectives:

phytochemically and chromatographically evaluation of C. sinensis and its antibacterial activity.

Materials and Methods:

The phytochemical analysis revealed the occurrence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenols, but glycosides are not found in extracts of C. sinensis leaves. Antibacterial efficacy of the herbal extracts revealed that both aqueous and ethanol extracts showed some degree of inhibition of growth in Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:

Nine functional groups were identified through Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer, and 10 phytochemical compounds were identified through gas chromatography–mass spectrum in the ethanol extract. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic green tea extracts was tested. Both types of extracts showed clear biological activity against the studied bacterial species; the inhibitory effect increased with increasing concentration, with the highest activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts against Salmonella spp.(inhibition zone 40, 36 mm, respectively) at 200 mg/mL, but less inhibitory effect appears on S. pyogenes when using aqueous extract (12 mm) at 50 mg/mL and (18 mm) at 200 mg/mL.

Conclusions:

Various therapeutically active compounds are present in the aqueous and ethanolic extract of C. sinensis, which encourages its use in the treatment of microbial infections. Further investigations are needed for the chemical composition of green tea, and other techniques like HPLC may be used. Further tests are necessary for its antimicrobial activity, either in vitro or in vivo.
Multi-factors assessment in COVID-19 patients: Fungal infection, ABO blood group, and age factors
Authors: Al-Janabi Uday H K
Published: February 2024

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious and global public health concern. Severity of infection, fatality rates, and treatment responses across different countries, age groups, and demographic groups suggest that the nature of infection is diverse.

Objectives:

Evaluation of several factors: presence of fungal infection, analysis of ABO blood group distribution pattern, age distribution, percentage of death, and well-being outcome for each blood group patient.

Materials and Methods:

Data collection included the presence of fungal infection and measurement of its percentage. Classification of patients according to ABO blood group and measuring their mean age distribution and death-wellbeing outcome.

Results:

This study showed the presence of 5% of fungal infection among the patients. This study showed that the distribution of ABO blood group in 90 patients with COVID-19 was as follows: 38.9% (35), 28.9% (26), 26.7% (24), and 5.6% (5) for O, A, B, and AB blood group patients respectively. The analysis of variance study revealed no significant difference in age distribution between different ABO blood group patients. The outcome for these patients was that 35.6% died and 64.4% recovered. A higher percentage of deaths occurred in patients with B blood group (approximately 45.8%, 11 out of 24 patients) and a lower percentage of deaths noted in patients with A blood group (about 34.6%, 9 out of 26 patients). The higher percentage of recovery was among O blood group patients with 71.4% (25 out of 35 patients). The lower percentage of recovery was among B blood group patients with 54.2% (13 out of 24 patients).

Conclusion:

This study concluded that despite the higher percentage of COVID-19 infections in patients with O blood group, its high good outcome is promising. On the other hand, this point must be taken into consideration while planning vaccinations, since patients with B blood group have a high percentage of deaths and lower percentage of recovery.
Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer-Coated Jute
Fibers for Enhanced Automotive Parts
Authors: Natrayan L. , Kaliappan Seeniappan , Balaji N. , Mahesh V.
Published: February 2024

Automobile parts often require materials that offer high strength and durability.
With the continuous push for environmentally friendly solutions, natural fibers
such as jute have emerged as a potential alternative for synthetic fibers in
automobile components. In this study, we aim to enhance the properties of jute
fibers by coating them with different polymers and assessing their suitability
for automotive applications. We treated jute fibers with various
polymers—low-density polyethylene, polyester, and araldite epoxy. The
performance of these treated fibers was compared using fiber tensile
experimentation, differential calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical evaluation.
Our findings reveal that the treated jute fibers exhibit a tensile strength of
598 MPa. However, when coated with polymers, there’s a variance in strength:
polyethylene (263 MPa), polyester (191 MPa), and epoxy (281 MPa). Among these,
epoxy-coated fibers displayed the least tensile strength, while
polyethylene-coated jute fibers recorded the highest. A noteworthy observation
is the lower dispersion value for the polyethylene-coated jute fiber, attributed
to the penetration of polyethylene liquid into the jute fiber pores. In
conclusion, modifying jute fibers using different polymers can enhance their
mechanical properties, making them a viable option for automobile
components.
Galois connecting call-by-value and call-by-name
Authors: McDermott Dylan , Mycroft Alan
Published: February 2024

We establish a general framework for reasoning about the relationship between
call-by-value and call-by-name.
In languages with computational effects, call-by-value and call-by-name
executions of programs often have different, but related, observable
behaviours. For example, if a program might diverge but otherwise has no
effects, then whenever it terminates under call-by-value, it terminates with
the same result under call-by-name. We propose a technique for stating and
proving properties like these. The key ingredient is Levy's call-by-push-value
calculus, which we use as a framework for reasoning about evaluation orders. We
show that the call-by-value and call-by-name translations of expressions into
call-by-push-value have related observable behaviour under certain conditions
on computational effects, which we identify. We then use this fact to construct
maps between the call-by-value and call-by-name interpretations of types, and
identify further properties of effects that imply these maps form a Galois
connection. These properties hold for some computational effects (such as
divergence), but not others (such as mutable state). This gives rise to a
general reasoning principle that relates call-by-value and call-by-name. We
apply the reasoning principle to example computational effects including
divergence and nondeterminism.
Keadilan dan Kepastian Hukum dalam Pemilu Serentak di Indonesia
Authors: Alfarizi Aziz , Zwiki Friz
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of legal aspects, uphold the principles of electoral justice to realize a democratic (honest and fair) as well as a reference for education and research in strengthening legal and democratic life in the country. The research method applied in this article is a qualitative approach described through verbal reports to explain and describe the information that has been collected. Data sources in this study are divided into two types, namely primary data sources obtained directly from the field, and secondary data sources which are pre-existing information. The result of this study is that fairness in simultaneous elections in Indonesia has a significant impact on the integrity of the democratic process. Unfairness in elections, such as fraudulent practices, uneven distribution of resources, or impartiality in the administration of elections, can undermine the integrity of elections and reduce the representation of election results. When voters sense injustice, they may lose faith in the democratic system and doubt the legitimacy of the government that results from the election. To overcome the challenges of fairness in simultaneous elections in Indonesia, there needs to be a very strong commitment to strengthen the integrity and representativeness of the democratic process
Analisis Proses Berpikir Siswa Pada Materi Persamaan Kuadrat Berdasarkan Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis
Authors: Inayah Hikmi , Madawistama Sri Tirto
Published: February 2024

Students' mathematical reasoning skills are very important in understanding mathematical concepts and solving mathematical problems. The lack of students' reasoning ability can affect student learning outcomes that do not reach the target so it needs to be honed in order to realize appropriate learning outcomes. The purpose of this research is to find out students' thought process in solving quadratic equation problems based on mathematical reasoning ability. The type of research used is qualitative research, and uses a descriptive approach. The source of data in this research is class IX students totaling 22 students with the subject selected 3 students. The data analysis technique in this research is qualitative data analysis. From the test results of students' mathematical reasoning abilities are categorized based on the assessment reference. Researchers categorized it into 3 categories, namely high, medium, and low. Based on the results of tests and interviews, students in the high category can fulfill 4 indicators well. Students in the medium category were only able to fulfill indicators 1 and 2 well, for indicator 3 could not be fulfilled well so they could not fulfill indicator 4. Subject 3 in the low category was only able to fulfill indicator 2 well. Indicators 1 and 3 were not well met.
Metode Kerja Fondasi Bore Pile Studi Kasus Pembangunan Hotel Park Regis by Prince Menteng
Authors: Sya'bani Nur Achmad , Widiasanti Irika , Andaris Hanif Ahmad
Published: February 2024

Manajemen proyek yang baik dan pemahaman mendalam tentang metode ini sangat penting untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal dalam proyek konstruksi yang melibatkan fondasi bore pile. Dengan pengetahuan yang benar dan pelaksanaan yang cermat, metode pekerjaan fondasi bore pile dapat memberikan fondasi yang kuat dan tahan lama untuk bangunan-bangunan modern. Dalam tahap kontruksi, pengelola proyek hendaknya mempertimbangkan aspek positif dan negatif yang akan terjadi pada tahap berikutnya, yaitu tahap operasional. Keuntungan kontraktor akan diperoleh bila tepat dalam menerapkan metode kontruksi di lokasi proyek. Berbeda metode kontruksi pasti berbeda pula kebutuhan sumber daya, limbah yang dihasilkan, dan hampir dapat dipastikan berbeda dalam capaian tujuan proyek dalam aspek biaya, mutu, dan waktu. Dalam menyelesaikan suatu proyek untuk mencapai tujuan dengan efektif dan efisien, diperlukan sistem manajemen yang baik. Untuk menerapkan sistem manajemen yang baik, diperlukan berbagai metode sesuai jenis bangunan yang diselesaikan. Pihak manajemen menyusun dan mengarahkan metode-metode agar dapat menyelaraskan antara sumber daya dan penggunaan peralatan untuk mencapai tujuan proyek. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi ketepatan penggunaan peralatan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya di antaranya biaya, waktu, dan sosial Untuk mencapai tujuan dengan efektif dan efisien
Implementasi Model Atik dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Kinestetik di Pos PAUD Sedap Malam 16
Authors: Robbani Muhammad Fakhruddin , Yastuti Novi , Aisah Ai Siti , Roslina Nurlina , Watini Sri
Published: February 2024

There are a number of intelligences within children those if developed can become special potentials and talents, one of which is kinesthetic intelligence. One of the efforts to improve kinesthetic intelligence in children can be done with fun activities, one of which is with a well-known early childhood learning model, namely the ATIK model (Observe, Imitate and Do). This study aims to develop an ATIK model in improving children's ability to observe, imitate, and be able to perform movements with the hope and purpose of improving kinesthetic intelligence. The study used descriptive qualitative methods. The data source came from group B students of PAUD Sedap Malam 16 Post Students totaling 15 students. Data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the ATIK model was effective in developing children's kinesthetic intelligence through foot pattern motoric play activities. The ATIK model in the game imitating foot patterns provides an increase in children's curiosity by observing, imitating and working so that children's kinesthetic development activities are carried out happily, purposefully and meaningfully.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH BENEFITS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES IN KENYA SCHOOL OF LAW
Authors: Mugo Shelmith , Bula Hannah
Published: February 2024

Without a doubt, the most significant valuable asset for every company is its workforce. Retaining and satisfying staff is the hardest thing a business can do in today's cutthroat economy. Being a business owner means you have to find ways to cut expenses without sacrificing the quality of your net outcome. Therefore, although employers want more from their staff, employees also want more from them. Rewarding workers for putting out their best effort to come up with innovative ideas that improve company efficiency and further enhance both the financial and non-financial performance of the firm is one of the most effective ways to inspire employees. Kenya School of Law faces challenges pertaining to rewards strategies due to inadequate budgetary allocation and prolonged policy development processes that have affected employee performance. Recently, the Kenya School of Law reported reduced staff and staff dissatisfaction as among the reasons for not meeting its objectives. This thus justified the need as to why this study was carried out, with the aim to examine reward strategies and the performance of employees in Kenya School of Law. The specific objective of the study was: to analyze the effect of healthcare benefits on the performance of employees in Kenya School of Law. The study utilized a descriptive research design. The study targeted 155 respondents who are employees of the Kenya School of Law. The census approach was adopted as a result of the limited size of the research population. Both open and closed-ended questions in the questionnaire tool were employed to collect primary data from the respondents. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and Microsoft Excel and through inferential statistics mainly through multiple regression analysis. The study concludes that healthcare benefits should be taken into consideration since they had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees at the Kenya School of Law.
 

 Article visualizations:
Review of Current and Future Methods for Fracture Repair
Authors:   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM, Barrera Laura Yuritzi Barroso , Zempoaltecatl Meza Diana Laura ,   Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Varela Leyva Hanna Samantha ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Martínez Octavio Alfredo Roberto De León ,   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM, Contreras Diego Alejandro Castillo ,   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM, Cristino Lira Juan Carlos ,   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM, Serrato Miguel Angel Hernández ,   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM, Puebla Acosta Laura Patricia ,   Hospital General Regional Núm. 2, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) Villa Coapa, Dr. Guillermo Fajardo Ortiz/UNAM
Published: February 2024

One special kind of tissue found in bones is that it may regrow after injury. Nonetheless, for correct alignment and healing, there are some fractures and abnormalities that call for professional intervention. As with any implant, the material chosen to make the implants to treat these issues needs to be carefully considered. The implants themselves may cause bone fractures or abnormalities, or there may be no bone healing at all, if the wrong material is selected. Metals, ceramics, and polymers are the three types of biomaterials that have been employed in the treatment of bone abnormalities as well as fractures. Each class of biomaterial has certain advantages and restrictions related to its uses. In an effort to capitalize on the many advantages that each of these materials has to offer, composites of these various materials have also been developed. This study outlines the many materials that have been developed to treat fractures and bone deformities in place of bone grafts, as well as their drawbacks and the need for more research
Self-reported health status of a sample of patients receiving in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300001, Nigeria, Bello Mudasiru , Odigie Rawlings , Udezi Anthony
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To determine the health status of patients receiving in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment and evaluate possible relationships with social demographic factors in comparison to those not receiving infertility treatment. Methods: The EuroQoL Group-developed EQ5D-5L was used to elicit responses on the five dimensions that make up its health profile; Mobility, Self-Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression. Respondents scored their perception of how good their health is using a calibrated visual analog scale (VAS) from 0 to 100 with higher values indicating a better-perceived health status. Respondents were randomly selected patients in the waiting area in selected clinics and pharmacies in Abuja, Nigeria. Student's Test and Chi-square were employed for inferential analyses where appropriate. P-values < 0.05 were interpreted as significant. Results: About 43% of the respondents on IVF treatment reported problems with anxiety and depression compared to 10% of respondents not using IVF (p = 0.0001). They also reported problems with performing usual activities (12%) and pain/discomfort (22%) compared to 3% and 11% respectively for those not on infertility treatment (p < 0.05). Those aged 35-45 years and are currently on IVF treatment reported a significantly lower health status compared to those of the same age range who are not on treatment (p = 0.0001). Study participants on IVF treatment, irrespective of their educational level and marital status, significantly reported a lower health status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Infertility affects quality of life and the domain mostly affected is anxiety and depression. People taking IVF treatment reported a lower health status compared to those not receiving IVF treatment. Keywords: IVF treatment, quality of life, health status, infertility, EQ5D-5L
EL PLE (PERSONAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT) PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA LITERACIDAD DIGITAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN NORMAL
Authors: Aguilar Calva Jesús Guillermo
Published: February 2024

Como parte del rediseño de planes y programas 2022, se integra un trayecto Formativo de Lenguas, Lenguajes y Tecnologías digitales, esta propuesta curricular considera 2 cursos en primer y segundo semestre de la Licenciatura en Educación Primaria. En el curso de primer semestre llamado Tecnologías Digitales para el Aprendizaje y la Enseñanza, se inicia con el tema del PLE (Personal Learning Environment), en el que los estudiantes revisan la metodología y las teorías pedagógicas, realizan un ejercicio de autoevaluación para darse cuenta cómo aprenden, con qué recursos, qué fuentes consultan y a quién acuden cuando tienen alguna duda, este ejercicio requiere de gran disciplina y de aprendizaje autónomo. Es importante reconocer cómo es que los estudiantes en el curso van enfrentándose a diversos retos que les implica poner a prueba sus habilidades digitales, para comunicarse de manera escrita y verbal en entornos virtuales, además de colaborar vía remota para resolver trabajos que se les asignan de manera colectiva. Las bases teóricas en las que se fundamentan los PLE dependerán del contexto en el que se introduzca este enfoque, en algunas ocasiones convendrá utilizar el conectivismo, constructivismo, aprendizaje en red, la teoría de la complejidad, la pedagogía de la proximidad y la heutagogía. Llevar a cabo el PLE en una modalidad híbrida es un reto e intervienen factores como el equipamiento tecnológico y el acceso a internet, así como las competencias digitales desarrolladas.
LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN DE EXPERIENCIAS, UNA RUTA PARA LA EXPLORACIÓN Y TRANSFORMACIÓN PEDAGÓGICA DEL ODS 12: PRODUCCIÓN Y CONSUMO RESPONSABLE
Authors: Chirinos González Jeanmary Josefina
Published: February 2024

En este artículo se aborda la sistematización de experiencias como opción investigativa que promueve la trasformación, reflexión y cambios positivos en formas de pensar, actuar y relacionarse con otros en torno al Objetivo del Desarrollo Sostenible 12 “Garantizar la producción y el consumo responsable” de la agenda 2030 de la ONU. Se presenta la sistematización desde el enfoque de cualitativo, enmarcada en el paradigma critico reflexivo, se siguió la metodología de Jara (2008), se reconstruyen las vivencias, opiniones, hechos, aciertos y desaciertos, encuentros y desencuentros compartidas con 51 estudiantes del grado sexto de bachillerato, en el periodo comprendido entre febrero-octubre 2023 a través de 5 tiempos: Punto de llegada, Identificación de la experiencia, Reconstrucción de lo vivido, Reflexión de fondo, Punto de llegada. Se evidenció el fortalecimiento de la identidad de un colectivo que consume de manera sostenible, se descubrieron como seres capaces de tomar las mejores decisiones en beneficio de su salud y del planeta. Se consolidó el PRAE como una herramienta para promover el liderazgo estudiantil en temas de ambiente.
La philosophie en creux de la théologie
Authors: Chukurian Aurélien
Published: February 2024

Cet article ambitionne d’explorer les enjeux philosophiques traversant la pensée théologique de Paul Tillich, en se concentrant sur un recueil de sermons, adressés à un public universitaire, intitulé Le Nouvel Être, ouvrage paru en 1955, objet d’une nouvelle traduction, proposée par le théologien André Gounelle aux éditions Labor et Fides (2022). L’article repère alors, au sein de la méditation tillichienne sur la Nouvelle Réalité apportée par le Christ, quatre lieux de résonances philosophiques. D’un côté, le traitement tillichien des thématiques de la vérité et de la sagesse témoigne d’un rapport explicite à la philosophie, tandis que, de l’autre, l’articulation conçue par Tillich entre amour et justice et sa conception de la certitude contiennent des implications philosophiques sous-jacentes.Dès lors, ces quatre points d’ancrage contribuent à dessiner les contours d’un dialogue entre philosophie et théologie, en étant attentif aussi bien au regard propre porté par Tillich sur la philosophie, consistant dans une reconnaissance critique, qu’à la manière dont sa réflexion théologique sur le message évangélique du Nouvel Être, qui a surgi avec le Christ, déploie une conceptualité qui intéresse l’histoire de la philosophie.
ANALISIS KEPATUHAN SYARIAH (SHARIAH COMPLIANCE) PADA PRODUK FASILITAS LIKUIDITAS PEMBIAYAAN PERUMAHAN (FLPP) SEJAHTERA TAPAK DI BANK SUMUT KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU SYARIAH KARYA
Authors: Kartika Dinda , Amin Dalimunthe Ahmad , Aisyah Siti
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan kepatuhan syariah pada produk FLPP Sejahtera Tapak di Bank Sumut KCP Syariah Karya dengan adanya program ini dapat menjadi solusi bagi masyarakat yang memiliki keinganan untuk memiliki rumah sesuai dengan harapan dan keinginannya tanpa harus memiliki uang cash terlebih dahulu. Jumlah nasabah pada produk FLPP ini terus mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya dengan meningkatnya jumlah nasabah FLPP, apakah bank tersebut sudah melaksanakan kepatuhan syariah dengan baik atau belum. Melihat pada penelitian terdahulu masih ada bank yang proses pelaksanaannya belum sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Padahal bank tersebut berbasis syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melalui wawancara pada dua informan yang terdiri dari satu informan Bank Sumut KCP Syariah Karya yang diwakilkan oleh Account Officer dan satu informan dari akademisi perbankan syariah FEBI UIN-SU dan dokumentasi yang terdiri dari Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) alur pemberian pembiayaan FLPP dan kontrak akad. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kepatuhan syariah pada produk FLPP Sejahtera Tapak di Bank Sumut KCP Syariah Karya telah berjalan sesuai dengan kepatuhan syariah yang dikeluarkan oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah yaitu Fatwa Dewan Pengawas Syariah Nasional No: 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Murabahah.
Understanding the Current China-US Relationship through the "Thucydides Trap"
Authors: Wang Yixuan
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the theory of the "Thucydides Trap”, including its theory, validity, and exceptions in history. Based on an analysis of the events that correspond to and support this theory from ancient times to the present, the four criteria applicable to the Thucydides trap are summarized: national safety, economic interests, competitive global status, and ideological difference. The paper analyzes the four criteria with regard to the "China-US relationship", and concludes that the conflict between the two countries will be more focused on economics, technology, and politics rather than war. Furthermore, to avoid the worst outcome between the two countries, mutual respect is necessary even if the two countries try to compete with one another.
Impact of Fast Food on the Well-being of Youth in the US
Authors: Barsoum Christopher
Published: February 2024

The fast food industry’s aggressive marketing strategies and addictive nature of fast food, along with a lack of adequate regulations on the industry is fueling the soaring rates of fast food consumption among children and adolescents in the United States. This has proved and will continue to prove very costly to the health and well-being of the millions of youth in the US who routinely eat fast food. It is crucial to raise awareness of the many dangers of fast food consumption, provide healthier, convenient, and tasty options, and advocate for stricter regulations on the industry in order to protect the next generations of Americans.
The Coevolution of the Understanding and Treatment Modalities for Phantom Limb Pain
Authors: Hong Rachel , Cavanaugh Chloe
Published: February 2024

Phantom Limb Pain (PLP), an inappropriate sensation in a missing limb, is a post-amputation phenomenon that occurs in up to 80% of amputees. The specific sensations vary from person to person, but some common reported sensations include warmth or coldness, itching, tingling, and electric shock. Some patients also perceive a specific position or movement of the phantom limb. Most amputees experience PLP with varying degrees of intensity, frequency, and duration. About 5-10% of amputees continue to have severe PLP for many years after amputation. As technology and scientific understanding have evolved, phantom limb pain has become better understood over the centuries, from its first mention from Ambroise Pare in the 1600s to the usage of a variety of medication, medical therapy, and surgery options available today. Although the field of medicine does not yet have a curative treatment for PLP, treatment modalities have advanced from the use of wooden pegs to the latest and advanced prosthetics. By summarizing the growing understanding and evolution of treatment modalities for the medical condition from its first mention in the 16th century to the current 21st century, we can begin to appreciate the years of study and collaboration to current knowledge of phantom limb pain.
Why and how should high school students learn Basic Life Support?
Authors: Shah Kriya , Yugawa Deanne
Published: February 2024

Introduction:

Cardiovascular deaths (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in India. Basic Life Support (BLS) training of target groups can help in reducing mortality and morbidity in out of hospital cardiac arrests. High school students are uniquely positioned for this training through a structured learning program, but very is known about high school students’ awareness of BLS.

Aim: This study aims to understand the awareness about BLS and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among high school students.

Methods: A questionnaire-based survey about awareness and willingness to learn BLS and CPR was sent online to 120 students of an urban high school.

Results: A total of 114 students with a mean age of 15.2 +1.8 years responded. 48 students were male (42%) and 66 students were female (58%). Only 38% participants had previously heard about BLS. A vast majority of students correctly answered the full form of BLS (88%), Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) (94%), and CPR (99%). However, relatively few students (10%) had a BLS-certified family member and 64% of students chose the wrong option for national medical emergency helpline. Despite these numbers, this student population indicated willingness for training in BLS (79%) and willingness to perform CPR in future (78%). When asked who they would prefer to be trained in BLS by, 67.5% believed healthcare workers would be most appropriate.

Conclusion: Although there is an overall lack of awareness of BLS amongst high schoolers, they show signs of willingness to learn BLS and apply their skills in potential lifesaving situations.
Efficient Biofuel Generation of Plants via Enzymes
Authors: Mani Vega
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this research is to observe the Efficiency of  Biofuel Generation of Plants Using Enzymes. The question being asked is at which concentration of glucose will yeast fermentation rates be the most efficient in order to produce Ethanol through fermentation? It was predicted glucose concentrations and ethanol production rates would increase simultaneously. Ethanol is a renewable transportation fuel made from plants. Methods for researching this topic includes studying the environmental impacts of Ethanol, how it is produced, the process of enzyme digestion, the differences between cellulose and cellulase and the process of yeast alcohol fermentation. The methodology required for this experiment includes creating eight samples:  Cellulase + Yeast, Cellulose + Yeast, Cellulase + Cellulose + Yeast, Cellulase + Cellulose + No yeast, and all four concentrations of glucose in separate samples (0.5%, 1%, 3% and 5%).  The apparatus used to collect the data is made up of a syringe attached to a pipette, each sample started at a given volume of mL then as the samples began fermenting and releasing CO2 data was recorded for 15 minutes in 1 minute intervals.The volume of carbon dioxide released corresponds to the amount of sugar (glucose) fermented. The results of this experiment show a correlation between the increased rate of ethanol production as glucose concentrations increase. The interaction between cellulose and cellulase demonstrate the process of producing glucose through enzyme digestion.
An Analysis of Interventional Clinical Trials and Trends in Potential Glioblastoma Therapeutics
Authors: Uddanti Ananya
Published: February 2024

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system, carries a poor prognosis. This research aimed to analyze the current and future trends of interventional GBM clinical trials. Analyzed trials met the following eligibility criteria: registration between January 1st, 2012, and July 19, 2022, of interventional study type, in trial phases II-IV, and were either completed, recruiting, or active. Of 1,728 GBM-related trials, 336 were eligible. A majority of trials were of open-label masking (89.58%, n=301), academia-sponsored (44.94%, n=151), and systemic interventions (87.20%, n=293). Despite an increasing trend in the number of trials initiated, other findings provided a basis for concern: negligible focus on localized interventions, minimal funding by industry, and widespread use of open-label maskingof funding by industry and minimal trials examining localized therapies hinders the availability of interventions and the improvement of treatment techniques, respectively.  Likewise, open-label masking is not the standard, nor is the use supported in clinical trial studies, as it does not eliminate placebo responses. These conclusions are the basis of concerns and areas of improvement in the GBM clinical trial landscape.
Validation of a Novel Electromagnetically Operated Free Flow Liquid Dispensing System
Authors: Phadke Shreyan , Bam Anand
Published: February 2024

Repeat dispensing of liquids is a common requirement in many industries, often performed using automated machinery. These instruments often use complex mechanisms requiring expensive parts that may not be readily available. In resource-constrained regions there is a need for a simple device capable of reproducibly dispensing a controlled volume of fluid accurately. We evaluated the performance of a semi-automated liquid dispenser made from readily available parts that utilizes a programmable timer to trigger the activity of an electromagnetic valve, which allows delivery of liquid from a storage tank to the delivery nozzle via a flexible tube. The device was programmed to deliver a wide range of volumes and a gravimetric analysis of dispensed liquid was performed. The dispensed liquid maintained a linear relationship with the delivery time within the tested delivery range of 0.05 gram to 1.8 gram. It demonstrated high accuracy (>95%) and precision (coefficient of variation of <10%) for dispensing quantities more than 0.2 gram. However, the accuracy and precision suffered significantly below 0.2 gram. By changing nozzle diameters, we found a similar linear relationship between time and dispensed water weight for all tested nozzle sizes. By using a wide range of nozzle diameters, we could increase the range of delivery weight from 0.03 gram to 28.4 gram, with a very similar precision. This simple instrument is a user friendly, cost-effective, resource-efficient and reliable alternative for repeatedly dispensing a wide variety of liquids with various industrial applications, within a given volume range.
Freezing of Gait Classification in Parkinson’s Patients Using Machine Learning
Authors: Jakkula Anurag , Yu Ron
Published: February 2024

This study aims to design personalized machine learning models for the classification of time-series data to detect freezing of gait (FoG) in Parkinsons’ patients in short time intervals. FoG is the medical terminology for sudden episodes of an inability to move in patients that suffer from Parkinson’s disease. Data collected experimentally by Xuanwu Hospital were used. Each 0.002-second interval is labeled as FoG positive or negative by physicians. Using information gain statistics, it was determined that out of 58 features of accelerometer, EEG, and EMG measurements, 35 measurements provide the most information about FoG presence. Features were normalized via z-score normalization. For feature vectors, data are grouped into 0.5-second batches with .002 second timeframes for LSTM; while data are grouped into 0.5-second intervals for other models. The FoG positive/negative classes were balanced through SMOTE. All models were hyperparameter trained through 10-fold cross-validation. The F-1 scores of LSTM, Random Forest, SVM, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression are 89.71%, 89.69%,  87.00%, 74.44%, 67.21% respectively. Of the models analyzed, LSTM has the highest recall at 93.16%, while Random Forest has the highest precision at 94.34%. LSTM detects the most positive instances, while Random Forest has precise detection. LSTM has a higher F-1 score, indicating it is better at balancing precision and recall. These personalized short interval-input models can be implemented in wearable devices to detect freezing of gait to aid physicians’ assessment of disease severity and treatment.
Effects of Microgravity on Astronaut Physiology in Long-Term Space Missions and Proposed Countermeasures
Authors: Thiagarajan Harini , Hurlen Erik
Published: February 2024

The interest in long-term space travel (>6 months) has gained popularity in the space community.  This began in the 1970s with multiple short-term missions exploring the Moon and Mars to understand true habitability and early developments of long-term space settlements. With new missions being proposed by major pioneers in aerospace, such as NASA, SpaceX, and JAXA, scientists are concerned with human health, especially the long-term effects. Long-term settlements have been hypothesized to have major short-term and long-term detriments to multiple physiological systems, most notably musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and neurophysical. This is due to the effects of microgravity; however, more experimentation must be conducted to understand these effects sufficiently. So far, scientists have linked microgravity to decreased osteoblastic differentiation, rapid bone loss, and increased risk of kidney stone formation in the musculoskeletal system. Additionally, the cardiovascular system is impacted by space anemia, which is hypothesized to be reversible but may induce detrimental effects. Finally, microgravity affects the vestibular system significantly, especially spatial recognition. Countermeasures have been proposed to reduce these effects, like inducing artificial gravity, administrating bisphosphonates and other drugs/therapies, and utilizing tactile aids. The long-term effect of microgravity is still an emerging topic of space research, and much more research must be conducted through various programs like the Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Study with the European Space Agency (AGBRESA) to understand long-term results better.
Exposing Undercounts in the Census through Regression Modeling
Authors: Shah Tarun
Published: February 2024

Undercounts in the Census are notoriously difficult to measure but are necessary to understanding the extent of systemic divides within America. Although many community leaders have proposed that language barriers pose significant obstacles to Census outreach, this paper explores the viability of using predictive models to quantify the extent the role language plays. By using a multivariable regression model trained on student data from the Civil Rights Data Collection, we concluded that Limited English Proficient (LEP) Asian populations were undercounted by over 98,000 people, LEP Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations were undercounted by over 73,000 people, and LEP White populations were undercounted by over 164,000 people.  However, biases in the dataset made the results for other ethnic groups unreliable, indicating that regression modeling should be used as a tool for identifying areas of improvement in the Census rather than producing an exact estimate of the population. Our data suggests a strong correlation between language proficiency and Census undercounts, and the Census Bureau could ideally use the results to create targeted language outreach programs for specific states.
Investigation of the Technological Advancements and Future Prospects of Atmospheric Water Generator Systems
Authors: Aravind Krish
Published: February 2024

Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) systems have emerged as a promising technology for producing potable water in water-scarce regions. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of AWG systems, with new technologies and designs being introduced to improve their efficiency and reliability. This research paper investigates the technological advancements and prospects of AWG systems by reviewing the existing literature and analyzing the latest trends in research and development. The paper discusses the various types of AWG systems, including those based on refrigeration, desiccants, and membranes, and evaluates their respective advantages and limitations. The study also highlights the key challenges facing AWG systems, such as energy consumption, maintenance, and cost-effectiveness, and examines the strategies being employed to overcome these challenges. Finally, the paper discusses a new unpatented manner for achieving sustainable development goals and promoting climate resilience. The findings of this research provide insights into the current state and future directions of AWG systems and can inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners in the field of water resource management.
California Affordable Housing Policies Fail in Wealthy Towns: A Case Study of the CityWalk Project
Authors: Capelli Aria , Chan Deland
Published: February 2024

To remedy its lack of affordable housing, the state of California has passed legislation aimed at implementing fair housing principles, including rules that require the creation of low-income housing in cities throughout the state. In San Ramon, a new development plan has been approved which will create thousands of housing units, retail developments, parks, a new hotel, and parking amenities. Called CityWalk, the new development projects a vision of a “walkable city,” one in which people can live and work in the same district, never having to commute by car again. The reality, however, is that San Ramon’s housing prices are likely inaccessible for the workers that CityWalk is hoping to attract -- the labor force composed primarily of retail salespeople, restaurant cooks and servers, hotel maids and janitors, among other low-wage employees, who might actually work in the immediate vicinity. CityWalk meets the state’s 15% affordable housing allocation requirements, but upon further inspection, it may not meet the needs of the workers who need housing. Did San Ramon build housing units affordable enough to not only satisfy the state government’s mandates on low-income housing but also make workers of CityWalk residents of San Ramon? Do affordability thresholds based on relatively high percentages of area median income make sense in the context of highly polarized, post-industrial economies? CityWalk is a case study for the state of California that suggests policy makers and citizens alike may need to think deeper about both the execution and impacts of affordable housing in wealthy California towns.
High School Emotional Well-Being: Identifying Factors And Creating A Working Model For Prediction
Authors: Shen Yinchu
Published: February 2024

In high schools across the world, a mental health crisis is happening. High school students’ mental health has been decreasing at an alarming rate since the 2000s, and the negative impacts of this crisis such as suicide rates have been exacerbated. Two significant issues are causing the problem. The first is the lack of data concerning high school students’ emotional well-being. There is no current data set that attempts to correlate and categorize the causes of these mental health issues with the emotional health of students. The second is the lack of available tools to help teachers and counselors identify those with mental health issues and help them get access to treatment. This study resolves these two problems with the creation of an accurate machine learning algorithm to model and predict students’ mental health as well as the collection of a data set about high school students that contain potential causes. The model attempts to use potential stressors collected by a survey to predict students’ mental health; the best possible model predicts mental health on the Subjective Happiness Scale with a mean squared error of 0.41 and an r2 of 0.52, which is satisfactory for a subjective study.
IQ as an Indicator of Academic Stress, Study Habits, and Academic Success
Authors: Shadwell John , Matyas Justin , Escamilla Grace
Published: February 2024

Intelligence quotient (IQ) and its impacts have been studied heavily in previous research. However, studies have not yet sufficiently applied IQ to an academic environment, especially in high-school aged students. To fill this gap in the field of study, this study utilized a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods to measure trends in the behavior of students at different IQ levels and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of student populations. The study’s participants, comprising of 21 high schoolers, voiced and quantified their opinions on their personal experiences regarding stress, study habits, and academic success. Ultimately, the trends in high IQ and low IQ groups suggest that IQ is a valuable statistic in educational environments which can be used by educators to improve student weaknesses. The exposure of IQ scores in academic settings would provide crucial insight into the behavioral trends of student groups and can make a lasting positive change in education.