bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Surfactants: Recent Advancement in Their Synthesis, Properties, and Industrial Applications
Authors: Aleid Ghada Mohamed , Alshammari Anoud Saud , Tripathy Divya Bajpai , Gupta Anjali , Ahmad Shahzad
Published: June 2023

Polymeric surfactants are a special class of the polymers that have amphiphilic characteristics of surfactants. In selective solvents, polymeric surfactants exhibit interesting association processes and develop self‐assembled structures. Their capacity to create micellar aggregates with stimuli‐responsive behavior in aqueous solutions, enables the creation of smart materials for many applications. The only restrictions to the creation of polymeric surfactants with complicated structures using current synthetic methods are the researchers' interests and creativity. The chemical structure of the polymer and its aqueous solution characteristics (viscosity and surface tension) should be demonstrated as having a distinct and commonly accepted connection. Unavailability of systematic and updated review on these important molecules demands a comprehensive compilation and consistent discussion on key physical aspects, characterization, synthetic techniques, and their useful applications like enhanced recovery of oil, antimicrobial potential, water treatment, pharmaceutical, etc.
Shortwave Infrared Photodetection with oCVD Polythiophene
Authors: Vella Jarrett H. , Benasco Anthony R. , Nikodemski Stefan , Vakil Mohammad I. , Azoulay Jason D.
Published: June 2023

Shortwave infrared (SWIR, λ = 1–3 µm) photodetectors typically use compound semiconductors that are fabricated using high‐temperature epitaxial growth and require active cooling. New technologies that overcome these constraints are the focus of intensive current research. Herein, oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) is used for the first time to create a room temperature, vapor‐phase deposited SWIR photoconductive detector with a unique tangled wire film morphology that detects nW‐level photons emitted from a 500 °C cavity blackbody radiator—a rarity for polymer systems. A new, window‐based process that greatly simplifies device fabrication is used to construct doped polythiophene‐based SWIR sensors. The detectors feature an 8.97 kΩ dark resistance and are limited by 1/f noise. They feature an external quantum efficiency (gain‐external quantum efficiency) product of 395% and have a measured specific detectivity (D*) of 106 Jones, with the potential to reach D* = 1010 Jones after 1/f noise is minimized. Still, the measured D* is only a factor of 102 lower than a typical microbolometer and after optimization, the newly described oCVD polymer‐based IR detectors will be in a category competitive with commercially available, room temperature lead salt photoconductors and within reach of room temperature photodiodes.
Study of dynamical behavior of Burgers' equation in quantum modeling
Authors: Gupta Mukesh , Prakash Shukla Jai , Singh B. K.
Published: June 2023

Our main goal is to investigate the dynamical behavior of the quantum model of Bateman–Burgers equation utilizing a new hybrid semidiscretization technique: nCB‐DQT‐RK scheme. The nCB‐DQT‐RK is traditional differential quadrature technique (DQT) with newly modified cubic B‐splines (nCB), as a basis, which have been utilized for the discretization of spatial derivatives, and the time integration scheme SSP‐RK for the temporal discretization. The efficiency/effectiveness of the reported nCB‐DQT‐RK results, computationally, are illustrated not only numerically but also graphically for better cognizance and reliable performance of the nCB‐DQT‐RK. This is validated based on the estimation of evaluated accuracy by means of stability and convergence analysis, which infer that the proposed nCB‐DQT‐RK scheme is capable of producing stable results with spatial convergence of order four, and the use of nCB in DQT is capable to improve performance (in terms of accuracy and spatial rate of convergence as well) as compared to existing techniques (collocation/quadrature) with traditional cubic B‐splines and its existing modifications, and so, nCB is capable to surpass cubic B‐splines and its existing modification.
Sensitivity and specificity of phrenic nerve electrophysiology to predict mechanical ventilation in the Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Naresh Kancha , Roy Anupama , Srivastava Shreya , Premkumar Paul , Nair Aditya , Mani Arun Mathai , Shaikh Atif , Thirumal Prabhakar Appaswamy , Sivadasan Ajith , Mathew Vivek , Premkumar Prasanna Samuel , Benjamin Rohit
Published: June 2023

Introduction/Aims

In Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), the sensitivity and specificity of phrenic compound muscle action potential (CMAP) measurements to predict endotracheal mechanical ventilation are unknown. Hence, we sought to estimate sensitivity and specificity.

Methods

We performed a 10‐year retrospective analysis of adult GBS patients from our single‐center laboratory database (2009 to 2019). The phrenic nerve amplitudes and latencies before ventilation were recorded along with other clinical and demographic features. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval (CI) for phrenic amplitudes and latencies in predicting the need for mechanical ventilation.

Results

Two hundred five phrenic nerves were analyzed in 105 patients. The mean age was 46.1 ± 16.2 years, with 60% of them being male. Fourteen patients (13.3%) required mechanical ventilation. The average phrenic amplitudes were lower in the ventilated group (P = .003), but average latencies did not differ (P = .133). ROC analysis confirmed that phrenic amplitudes could predict respiratory failure (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91; P < .002), but phrenic latencies could not (AUC = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73; P = .256). The best threshold for amplitude was ≥0.6 mV, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 85.7%, 58.2%, 24.0%, and 96.4%, respectively.

Discussion

Our study suggests that phrenic CMAP amplitudes can predict the need for mechanical ventilation in GBS. In contrast, phrenic CMAP latencies are not reliable. The high negative predictive value of phrenic CMAP amplitudes ≥0.6 mV can preclude mechanical ventilation, making these a useful adjunct to clinical decision‐making.
A finite volume penalty‐based implicit procedure for the treatment of the frictionless contact boundaries
Authors: Batistić Ivan , Cardiff Philip , Ivanković Alojz , Tuković Željko
Published: June 2023

This article presents a new implicit coupling procedure for mechanical contact simulations using an implicit cell‐centred finite volume method. Both contact boundaries are treated as Neumann conditions, where the prescribed contact force is calculated using a penalty law, which is linearised and updated within the iterative solution procedure. Compared to the currently available explicit treatment, the implicit treatment offers better efficiency for the same accuracy. This is achieved with the proposed implicit linearisation, which replaces the explicit under‐relaxation of the contact force. The proposed procedure, intended for frictionless contact of Hookean solids, can handle non‐conformal contact interface discretisations and faces in partial contact. The accuracy and efficiency of the implicit approach are compared with the explicit procedure on four benchmark problems, where it is shown that the proposed method can significantly improve efficiency and robustness.
Teaching student philanthropy—Possibilities for practice within the UK higher education sector
Authors: Body Alison , Lau Emily
Published: June 2023

This practice paper reflects on lessons learnt from an undergraduate philanthropy module introduced across different programmes within the division for the Study of Law, Society, and Social Justice  at the University of Kent, United Kingdom. The module applies service‐learning and experiential learning pedagogy to ensure students critically engage with community and societal issues; recognise themselves as philanthropists; and engage in a responsible decision‐making process with their cohort. As one of the first UK Higher Education student philanthropy modules, lessons learnt provide important general reflections for student philanthropy modules internationally, alongside offering a potential ‘blueprint’ within the UK context. Aligning with others (such as McDougle's study) and drawing on critical reflections from students and partners, suggests that experiential learning pedagogy is most successful when carried out in a diverse and multidisciplinary learning space where students reflect on their own moral position alongside others to build consensus.
Effect of nanoclay‐cellulose adhesive bonding and hybrid glass and flax fiber face sheets on flax fiber honeycomb panels
Authors: Govender Sumeshan , Mohan T. P. , Kanny K.
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the feasibility of using natural fiber material to create honeycomb cores, as traditional cores made of aluminum, Nomex, and petroleum‐based materials are not environmentally friendly. The natural fiber honeycomb cores were formed using a 3D printed molding process and were bonded to flax and glass fiber facings to improve the durability of the structures. The addition of cellulose and nanoclay to the adhesive enhanced the flexural strength of the structures by 7.43% and 10.48%, respectively, while also absorbing 8.67% and 8.91% more impact energy than structures bonded with epoxy alone. However, the compressive strength decreased by 10.79% and 13.6% with the addition of cellulose and nanoclay to the adhesive, respectively. Tensile properties were also studied, and the tensile strength of hybrid facings was found to be 69.45% higher than those using solely flax facings. Additionally, hybrid facings effectively reduced moisture uptake, making them hydrophobic and reducing water uptake by 46.89% compared to solely flax facings. Overall, natural fiber honeycomb composite structures showed comparable performance to Nomex and aluminum honeycomb composites, offering favorable properties while being constructed using environmentally friendly materials. The efficient manufacturing process using additive manufacturing makes these structures readily customizable and scalable, leading to their implementation in numerous applications such as aerospace, automotive, and marine industries.
Identification of genes associated with spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhang Yunlong , Du Yifei , Wang Min , Li Changchun , Zhao Zhenzhen , Peng Liang , Zhou Jianwu , Wang Shan
Published: June 2023

The study of target genes for the spontaneous regression phenomenon of neuroblastoma (NB) is still unclear. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by differential expression analysis in both public databases for the stage 4 death group and stage 4S survival group. The DEGs were ranked by constructing protein–protein interaction (PPI) network as well as calculating betweenness centrality (BC) values, and the relationship with NB prognosis was determined by performing univariate analysis, multifactor analysis, and lasso regression analysis on the top 10 genes and possibly correlated with spontaneous regression of NB. We identified a total of 173 DEGs, including 143 upregulated genes and 30 downregulated genes. PPI network showed a rich interaction between DEGs. We ranked the DEGs by calculating BC values and showed the top 10 genes, followed by univariate and multifactorial analyses, which showed that GRIA2, NTRK1, SCN9A, SLC18A2, CNR1, PIK3R1, and DGKB were associated with good prognosis, and CNR1 was the most closely associated with prognosis among them. By lasso regression analysis, we constructed a four‐gene risk score formula. We drew a nomogram to use in clinical work and two newly identified genes associated with good prognosis in NB: CNR1 and GIRA2.
Primary lymphoma of bone in children: Three case reports and literature review
Authors: Zhang Man , Xiao Jianwen , Liu Xing , Zhang Ziyuan , Li Xiang , Shi MingYan , Wang Peikang , Zhang Xinkai , Yao Hailun
Published: June 2023

Primary lymphoma of the bone (PLB) is a rare form of extranodal lymphoma. The clinical features and imaging findings of PLB are not specific. Histological examination and immunophenotyping is the gold standard for diagnosis. We reported three cases, all diagnosed with B‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. The first patient is a 4‐year‐old boy with 6 months history of PLB. Lytic permeative areas with soft‐tissue masses showed on imaging. A mutation of the FANCA gene of this patient was detected through whole exome sequencing (WES). The second patient is a 17‐year‐old boy with multiple areas of pain over 2 months. Flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed that the density of multiple bones was slightly increased. WES revealed a heterozygous splice site variation in the SBDS gene. The third patient is a 3‐year‐old boy with swelling and pain of the left knee joint and fever for 43 days. An oval like lesion area appeared on imaging. The display of case details helps to diagnose and understand PLB. The correlation between the occurrence and progression of the disease and FANCA gene and SBDS gene mutations remains to be studied.
Global research landscape and burden of disease in pediatrics: Identifying the research gaps to set directions for a new general pediatric journal
Authors: Estill Janne , Chen Yaolong
Published: June 2023

Pediatrics intersects with almost the entire field of medicine, and thus the diversity of suitable publication platforms is particularly broad. We reviewed the current health issues among children and adolescents, the topics and scope of existing pediatric journals, as well as the distribution of a random selection of articles according to different health topics and journal types. Neurological disorders, mental health, and neonatal conditions were major contributors not only to loss of health and life among children and adolescents but also common themes of research articles and pediatric subspecialty journals. On the other hand, in some clinical areas, such as dermatology, the research does not necessarily meet the needs of practice. Methodological studies in pediatrics were rarely published, but they were common among preprints. We call for Pediatric Discovery to promote a research viewpoint that focuses on the child instead of individual conditions, pay particular attention to health concerns associated with the greatest burden and interactions between them, and promote the further standardization of reporting and methodologies that account for the unique characteristics of children and adolescents.
Craniofrontonasal dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Ghosh Kanad , Xu Hope , Roy Mélissa , Yamini Bakhtiar , Reid Russell R.
Published: June 2023

Craniofrontonasal dysplasia (CFND) is a rare congenital malformation, which has a wide array of symptoms that can vary drastically between patients. These include coronal synostosis with associated brachycephaly, hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate, and limb malformations, among others. The pleomorphic nature of the disease and numerous clinical decisions required for its management present a unique challenge to craniofacial surgeons when considering indications and timing for surgical intervention. In this report, we present the case of a patient with CFND, their surgical management, and discuss updates in principles of management of CFND.
A green tea extract catechin EGCg: Therapeutic potential for pediatric cardiomyopathies
Authors: Quan Junjun , Gerber Dustin , Li Ang , Huang Xupei , Tian Jie
Published: June 2023

Cardiomyopathies comprise a group of disorders wherein the primary defect is in cardiac myocytes. The common forms of pediatric cardiomyopathies, classified according to their morphological and functional manifestations, include dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and others. Cardiac gene mutations caused abnormal myofibril Ca2+ sensitivity may be involved in the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathies. Thus far, no effective treatment for cardiomyopathies has been developed, especially for HCM and RCM in which diastolic dysfunction occurs early and followed by diastolic heart failure. Our laboratory is among the first in the field to investigate the mechanisms underlying various cardiomyopathies and search for the treatment for these disorders. In the past, we and other researchers have found that (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCg), the major biomedical polyphenol extracted from green tea, possess multiple therapeutic effects on protecting cardiac function and correcting impaired relaxation. Given its therapeutic effects, EGCg might be a potential drug candidate for administration to patients with cardiomyopathy and heart failure. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of diastolic dysfunction and summarize the pharmacological effects of EGCg on experimental animals and pediatric patients with cardiomyopathies and diastolic dysfunction.
Biomarkers in the intensive care setting: A focus on using procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein to optimize antimicrobial duration of therapy
Authors: August Benjamin A. , Kale‐Pradhan Pramodini B. , Giuliano Christopher , Johnson Leonard B.
Published: June 2023

Managing the critically ill patient with infection is complex, requiring clinicians to synthesize considerable information relating to antimicrobial efficacy and treatment duration. The use of biomarkers may play an important role in identifying variation in treatment response and providing information about treatment efficacy. Though a vast number of biomarkers for clinical application have been described, procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) are the most thoroughly investigated in the critically ill. However, the presence of heterogeneous populations, variable end points, and incongruent methodology in the literature complicates the use of such biomarkers to guide antimicrobial therapy. This review focuses on an appraisal of evidence for use of procalcitonin and CRP to optimize antimicrobial duration of therapy (DOT) in critically ill patients. Procalcitonin‐guided antimicrobial therapy in mixed critically ill populations with varying degrees of sepsis appears to be safe and might assist in reducing antimicrobial DOT. Compared to procalcitonin, fewer studies exist examining the impact of CRP on antimicrobial DOT and clinical outcomes in the critically ill. Procalcitonin and CRP have been insufficiently studied in many key intensive care unit populations, including surgical patients with concomitant trauma, renally insufficient populations, the immunocompromised, and patients with septic shock. We believe the available evidence is not strong enough to warrant routine use of procalcitonin or CRP to guide antimicrobial DOT in critically ill patients with infection. So long as its limitations are recognized, procalcitonin could be considered to tailor antimicrobial DOT on a case‐by‐case basis in the critically ill patient.
The effect of toluene trace admixtures on the plasma‐assisted oxygen trace removal from hydrogen‐rich gas mixtures in a surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor
Authors: Oberste‐Beulmann Christian , Oppotsch Timothy , Muhler Martin
Published: June 2023

A surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor was applied in the removal of oxygen traces from coke oven gas (COG), to which toluene was added as a model hydrocarbon contaminant. The adverse effect of toluene on O2 conversion was observed in a H2/N2/O2 mixture, while in synthetic COG consisting of H2, CH4, N2, CO, CO2, and O2, it remained unchanged. Online gas chromatography (GC) showed that the reactivity of toluene is mainly driven by H2/N2/O2. The accumulated residue was dissolved and analyzed by GC coupled with mass spectrometry. The identified reaction products suggest that toluene undergoes ring‐opening  and  functionalization.
Charged Accelerating BTZ Black Holes
Authors: Eslam Panah B.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, general uncharged accelerating BTZ black hole solutions are extracted and studied some of their properties. The analysis shows that spacetime's asymptotic behavior depends on four parameters: the cosmological constant, mass, acceleration, and topological constant. Then, the temperature of these black holes are studied and it is found that the temperature is always positive for AdS spacetime. Next, the study is extended for extracting charged accelerating BTZ black hole solutions in the presence of a nonlinear electrodynamics field known as conformally invariant Maxwell. The findings indicate a coupling between the electrical charge and other quantities of the accelerating BTZ black holes. The asymptotic behavior of charged accelerating BTZ black holes depends on five parameters: the cosmological constant, the electrical charge, mass, the acceleration parameter, and the topological constant. Then, the effects of charge, acceleration parameters, and the topological constant on the root of these black holes are studied. Finally, the temperature of these black holes in AdS spacetime is investigated. For these black holes, the temperature depends on the electrical charge, accelerating parameter, and the cosmological constant. The analysis indicates that the temperature of charged accelerating BTZ AdS black holes is always positive.
Comparative efficacy trials with alcohol added d‐phenothrin formulations against Aedes aegypti under open‐field condition
Authors: Megat Nabil Mohsin Sumaiyah , Ahmad Norashikin , Yusof Yusrabbil Amiyati
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Evaporation inhibition of water‐based space spray insecticides is necessary to prevent the drifting away of fog droplets and the release of insecticidal actives and to prolong suspension time. To address this problem, hygroscopic alcohols, namely propylene glycol and glycerol, were included as adjuvants in water‐based d‐phenothrin formulations. The performances of glycerol‐added formulation (D1) and propylene glycol‐added formulation (D2) in terms of droplet size and efficacy against larvae, pupae and adult Aedes aegypti in an open‐field environment were examined and compared to the performance of a formulation without adjuvant (negative control).

RESULTS

No significant difference in droplet size was observed between the formulations and fogging methods. The efficacy of cold fogs was significantly higher than thermal fogs for all formulations. D2 was found to be most effective against adult Ae. aegypti, followed by D1 and the negative control. D1 and D2 provided complete knockdown and mortality in adult Ae. aegypti at 10 and 25 m for cold and thermal fogging, respectively. However, all d‐phenothrin formulations possessed minimal efficacy on immature Ae. aegypti.

CONCLUSION

The incorporation of non‐toxic alcohols as adjuvants in water‐based space spray insecticides increased efficacy against adult Ae. aegypti, a major vector for dengue. Propylene glycol was discovered to induce higher adulticidal efficacy than glycerol. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of Introduction of an Exciton Capture Layer in the Donor on the Performance of Exciplex Upconversion‐Type Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Masuda Teppei , Morimoto Masahiro , Naka Shigeki
Published: June 2023

Further development of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) requires a reduction in driving voltage. Exciplex upconversion‐type OLEDs (ExUC‐OLEDs), which are actively utilized to form exciplexes at the donor/acceptor interface, are an optimal solution for reducing the driving voltage. However, a phenomenon that cannot be explained by simple exciton diffusion is observed in these devices. Herein, an exciton capture layer is inserted into the emitter (donor) layer of ExUC‐OLEDs to elucidate the exciton diffusion mechanism. All ExUC‐OLEDs emit light via triplet–triplet upconversion (TTU) and at more than half the applied voltage (1 V) of the energy gap of the emitter material. In addition, long‐range exciton diffusion of up to 40 nm is confirmed by TTU and singlet fission contributions.
Performance Enhancement of PbS‐TBAI Quantum Dot Solar Cell with MoTe2 as Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Singh Sachin , Srivastava Vaibhava , Sadanand  , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi Dilip Kumar
Published: June 2023

Novel solar power technologies are constantly evolving and improving, and this is seen as a potential way to meet the increasing demand for electricity and energy on a global scale. Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) are one of the most optimistic third‐generation solar cells. Because of the superior qualities, such as its size, tuneable bandgap, high stability, and extremely low cost, quantum dots (QDs) have drawn a lot of attention in photovoltaic applications for highly effective solar cells. Herein, WO3 is utilized as the electron transport layer (ETL), MoTe2 as the hole transport layer (HTL), and lead sulfate treated with tetrabutylammonium iodide (PbS‐TBAI) as the QD absorber layer. Overall optimization still represents an obstacle to raise the efficiency of QDSC. Temperature, series–shunt resistance, and absorber layer thickness are optimized, and further analysis is done for overall optimization on the contour plot of electron affinities of HTL and ETL. For all aspects of simulation work, the SCAPS‐1D simulator program is employed. Fill factor 85.96%, open‐circuit voltage 923.7 mV, short‐circuit density 38.61 mA cm−2, and power conversion efficiency 30.66% are the values of the optimized performance parameters. The improved high efficiency of the proposed device can pave for the fabrication of QDSC.
Effect of Twin Spacing and Loading Mode on Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanism of NiCoAl Columnar Polycrystalline Alloy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lu Xuefeng , Yang Ping , Yang Xu , Ren Junqiang , Xue Hongtao , Ding Yutian , Guo Xin
Published: June 2023

Grain boundary engineering is an effective and feasible metal strengthening strategy to enhance the properties of nanopolycrystalline alloys by changing the number, configuration, and connectivity of different types of grain boundaries, especially for the twin boundaries. In the present contribution, the effect of twin spacing and loading mode on the deformation behavior and mechanism of NiCoAl columnar polycrystalline alloy is investigated. The results show that the nanotwins can not only increase the bearing capacity of dislocations but also emit many dislocations, resulting in the coupling effect of dislocation strengthening and twin strengthening. When the twin spacing is large, intrinsic stacking faults occur and gradually transform into deformation twins. In this stage, Shockley partial dislocation controls plastic deformation. When the twin spacing is small, the high‐density twin layers and stacking faults are more likely to interweave, showing a combination action of Shockley partial dislocation and stair‐rod dislocation. With the loading changing to Z axis, the yield strength decreases due to reduced resistance to the dislocation and a weakened number of Shockley partial dislocations of the emission, leading to less strengthening of the twins. The insights provide a solid theoretical foundation for the further application of NiCoAl in industrial production.
11‐Ethoxyviburtinal improves chronic restraint stress‐induced anxiety‐like behaviors in gender‐specific mice via PI3K/Akt and E2/ERβ signaling pathways
Authors: Lyu Yan , Wei Xiaojia , Yang Xue , Li Jiayuan , Wan Guohui , Wang Yuqing , Hao Zhuangzhuang , Lu Yifan , Guo Jianyou , Shi Jinli
Published: June 2023

Anxiety disorder is a chronic and disabling psychiatric disorder that is more prevalent in females than in males. 11‐Ethoxyviburtinal is an iridoid extracted from Valeriana jatamansi Jones, which has anxiolytic potential. The aim of the present work was to study the anxiolytic efficacy and mechanism of 11‐ethoxyviburtinal in gender‐specific mice. We first evaluated the anxiolytic‐like efficacy of 11‐ethoxyviburtinal in chronic restraint stress (CRS) mice of different sexes through behavioral experiments and biochemical indexes. In addition, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict potential targets and important pathways for the treatment of anxiety disorder with 11‐ethoxyviburtinal. Finally, the influence of 11‐ethoxyviburtinal on phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) expression, and anxiety‐like behavior in mice was verified by western blotting, immunohistochemistry staining, antagonist intervention methods, and behavioral experiments. 11‐ethoxyviburtinal alleviated the anxiety‐like behaviors induced by CRS and inhibited neurotransmitter dysregulation and HPA axis hyperactivity. It inhibited the abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, modulated estrogen production, and promoted ERβ expression in mice. In addition, the female mice may be more sensitive to the pharmacological effects of 11‐ethoxyviburtinal. 11‐ethoxyviburtinal may exert its anxiolytic‐like effects through PI3K/Akt and E2/ERβ signaling pathways. Meanwhile, by comparing the male and female mice, gender differences may affect the therapy and development of anxiety disorder.
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to interstitial fibrosis with pulmonary venous lesions masquerading pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease
Authors: Nakayama Hiroki , Ishida Masayuki , Nakaoka Hiroshi , Nishimura Yuki , Imai Ryu‐ichirou , Sugane Hiroki , Hosoda Hayato , Nakaoka Yoko , Nishida Koji , Seki Shu‐ichi , Kubokawa Sho‐ichi , Kawai Kazuya , Hamashige Naohisa , Doi Yoshinori
Published: June 2023

We present a 41‐year‐old man with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the setting of a non‐autoimmune background whose clinical presentation masqueraded pulmonary veno‐occlusive disease (PVOD). Because of no histological evidence of venous occlusion in his previous lung biopsy, phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitor was given, resulting in sudden onset of pulmonary edema. At autopsy, there were histological features of interstitial fibrosis with occlusion of the lobular septal veins and venules. Clinical presentations of PH due to interstitial fibrosis with pulmonary venous lesions may simulate those of PVOD and careful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are required.
A new finite time control method to nonlinear systems with uncertain dynamics and time‐varying powers
Authors: Xue Lingrong , Liu Zhen‐Guo , Zhang Weihai
Published: June 2023

The existing researches mainly focused on control issues of systems with constant powers. In practical engineering, it shows that some dynamic systems have time‐varying powers, which result in the inapplicability of many reported methods. Besides, nonlinear systems constantly suffer from uncertain dynamics. This article discusses the control issue of systems which possess uncertain dynamics and time‐varying powers. By introducing a new Lyapunov function which contains quadratic components and high‐order components and raising a novel recursive design strategy, we successfully design a semi‐global practical finite time controller which allows uncertain dynamics and larger range of system powers. Numerical and practical examples show that the presented strategy is valid.
Neural‐network‐based event‐triggered adaptive security path following control of autonomous ground vehicles subject to abnormal actuator signal
Authors: Sun Hong‐Tao , Zhang Pengfei , Peng Chen , Zhang Yajian
Published: June 2023

The malicious physical attacks from both sensor and actuator sides make real threats to the security and safety of autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs). This paper focuses on the problem of neural‐network‐based event‐triggered adaptive security control (ET‐ASC) scheme for path following of AGVs subject to arbitrary abnormal actuator signal. First, we assume that an arbitrary abnormal signal is caused by arbitrary malicious attacks or disturbances from actuators. Then, radial basis function neural network (RBF‐NN) is used to reconstruct such abnormal actuator signal. Second, modelling issues on security path following control of AGVs with Sigmoid‐like ETC scheme are shown when the AGV is suffering from abnormal actuator signal. In what follows, an ET‐ASC scheme is developed to mitigate the adverse effects of abnormal actuator signal with the reconstructed abnormal signal based on a novel Sigmoid‐like event‐triggered communication scheme. By using the proposed RBF‐NN‐based ET‐ASC scheme, control performance can be guaranteed under arbitrary malicious actuator signal rather than such attacks following a specific probability distribution. Final, some simulation experiments are provided to verify the effectiveness of proposed ET‐ASC scheme.
MOF‐Derived Mn2O3 Nanocage with Oxygen Vacancies as Efficient Cathode Catalysts for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Zhao Lingwen , Feng Juanjuan , Abbas Adeel , Wang Chunlei , Wang Hongchao
Published: June 2023

Designing efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts is the primary imperative for addressing the pivotal concerns confronting lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs). The microstructure of the catalyst is one of the key factors that influence the catalytic performance. This study proceeds to the advantage of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives by annealing manganese 1,2,3‐triazolate (MET‐2) at different temperatures to optimize Mn2O3 crystals for special microstructures. It is found that at 350 °C annealing temperature, the derived Mn2O3 nanocage maintains the structure of MOF, the inherited high porosity and large specific surface area provide more channels for Li+ and O2 diffusion, beside the oxygen vacancies on the surface of Mn2O3 nanocages enhance the electrocatalytic activity. With the synergy of unique structure and rich oxygen vacancies, the Mn2O3 nanocage exhibits ultrahigh discharge capacity (21 070.6 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1) and excellent cycling stability (180 cycles at the limited capacity of 600 mAh g−1 with a current of 500 mA g−1). This study demonstrates that the Mn2O3 nanocage structure containing oxygen vacancies can significantly enhance catalytic performance for LOBs, which provide a simple method for structurally designed transition metal oxide electrocatalysts.
Developing a model that supports the evolution of legacy systems into an enterprise
Authors: Terry Sian , Chandrasekar V.
Published: June 2023

This article details the first step in the system dynamics analysis of the systems engineering process for the evolution of legacy systems into an enterprise. This step develops a model that depicts the interaction of the various components associated with the system of interest. This model is a collection of causal loop diagrams that will foster the development of a novel framework known as the enterprise lifecycle model, which will support system dynamics analysis through three stages: planning, development, and execution. Peer‐reviewed academic and industry sources will be utilized to understand how accepted literature defines this analysis. Specifically, this model will be based on the Vee lifecycle model as well as the Agile and Iron Triangle frameworks. Supplemental elements will be added to these diagrams to incorporate the environment within which the system of interest is planned, developed, and executed. Additional factors, such as quality management, will be added to complete the super system and system of interest views of the enterprise lifecycle model—with the goal of creating a model depicting a reductive and holistic view that aids in the reduction of complexity surrounding the systems engineering process used to prepare legacy systems for evolution into an enterprise and support the definition of the desired target system.
ROS‐mediated PERK‐CHOP pathway plays an important role in cadmium‐induced HepG2 cells apoptosis
Authors: Zhaohui Cao , Cifei Tang , Di Huang , Weijia Zeng , Cairui Han , Zecong Li , Xiaobo Hu
Published: June 2023

Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal that is highly toxic to the liver, however, the exact mechanism underlying this damage accompanied by apoptosis has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In this study, we found that Cd exposure significantly reduced cell viability, including the increased populations of apoptotic cells and caspase‐3/‐7/‐12 activation in HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, Cd initiated oxidative stress via elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Simultaneously, Cd exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via activating the protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK)‐C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) axis in HepG2 cells, and subsequently disturbed ER function as increased Ca2+ releasing from ER lumen. Intriguingly, further study revealed that oxidative stress is closely related with ER stress, as pretreatment with ROS scavenger, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) markedly reduced ER stress as well as protected ER function in Cd treated HepG2 cell. Collectively, these findings first revealed Cd exposure induced HepG2 cells death via a ROS‐mediated PERK‐CHOP‐related apoptotic signaling pathway, which provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of Cd‐induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibitors for oxidative stress and ER stress might be considered as a new strategy to prevent or treat this disorder.
The new non‐centrosymmetric zinc borate Zn2B10O17 with a unique crystal structure
Authors: Ziegler Raimund , Purtscher Felix R. S. , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Hofer Thomas S. , Huppertz Hubert
Published: June 2023

The novel zinc borate Zn2B10O17 was synthesized under high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions of 8 GPa and 1573 K in a multianvil apparatus. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed a unique crystal structure that crystallizes in the orthorhombic non‐centrosymmetric space group Pmc21 (no. 26) with a=769.15(2), b=711.14(2), c=822.14(2) pm, V=0.450(1) nm3 and two formula units (Z=2) per unit cell. The crystal structure is discussed, SHG measurements, and theoretical calculations at HSEsol level of theory were carried out. Herein, we reported about the novel zinc borate Zn2B10O17. It is synthesizable via high‐pressure/high‐temperature solid state reactions and features a unique crystal structure in the non‐centrosymmetric space group Pmc21 (no. 26), which was confirmed by a SHG‐measurement. The structure of Zn2B10O17 consists of an anionic borate framework, that is formed solely by (BO4) units. The zinc atoms are located in channels along the a‐axis and are tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated by oxygen atoms. The crystal structure was confirmed by MAPLE, CHARDI, and BL/BS calculations. Furthermore, theoretical calculations at HSEsol level were performed to obtain insight into the band structure properties and the DOS of the zinc borate. Zn2B10O17 is a colourless, ionic compound with a wide band gap of 8.4 eV and is therefore categorized as insulator.
Fazit
Authors: Rakers Marius
Published: June 2023

Im Laufe dieser Arbeit wurde wiederholt deutlich, dass es sich bei der SEPA-Echtzeitüberweisung um eine Sonderform der regulären Überweisung handelt. Der Rechtsrahmen der SEPA Instant Payments ergänzt in seiner Struktur die zur Standard-Überweisung bestehenden Vorschriften. Die Besonderheiten der jederzeitigen Erreichbarkeit, der verkürzten Ausführungsfrist und der Möglichkeit des nachgelagerten Clearings und Settlements wurden über die Regelungen des SICT Rulebooks und der SB EÜ in die verschiedenen Vertragsverhältnisse übertragen.
Analytical Modelling to Study the Load Transfer Performance of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts
Authors: Chen Jianhang , Li Yongliang , Zhang Junwen
Published: June 2023

A rock bolt is a rock tendon which can be either a rod or a strand, installed in a borehole to reinforce the surround rock mass and soil.
Renormalon subtraction in OPE by dual space approach: nonlinear sigma model and QCD
Authors: Hayashi Yuuki , Mishima Go , Sumino Yukinari , HiromasaTakaura
Published: June 2023

Abstract

It is becoming more important to subtract renormalons efficiently from perturbative calculations, in order to achieve high precision QCD calculations. We propose a new framework “Dual Space Approach” for renormalon separation, which enables subtraction of multiple renormalons simultaneously. Using a dual transform which suppresses infrared renormalons, we derive a one-parameter integral representation of a general observable. We investigate systematically how renormalons emerge and get canceled in the entire operator product expansion (OPE) of an observable, by applying the expansion-by-regions (EBR) method to this one-parameter integral expression. In particular we investigate in detail OPEs in a solvable model, the 2-dimensional O(N) nonlinear σ model, by the dual space approach. A nontrivial mechanism of renormalon cancellation in this model can be understood from an integration identity on which the EBR method is founded. We demonstrate that the dual space approach can be useful by a simulation study imitating the QCD case. Application of this method to QCD calculations is also discussed.
Fake Z
Authors: Dymarsky Anatoly , Kalloor Rohit R.
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Recently introduced connections between quantum codes and Narain CFTs provide a simple ansatz to express a modular-invariant function $$ Z\left(\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$
Z

τ

τ
¯

in terms of a multivariate polynomial satisfying certain additional properties. These properties include algebraic identities, which ensure modular invariance of $$ Z\left(\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$
Z

τ

τ
¯

, and positivity and integrality of coefficients, which imply positivity and integrality of the 𝔲(1)n × 𝔲(1)n character expansion of $$ Z\left(\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$
Z

τ

τ
¯

. Such polynomials come naturally from codes, in the sense that each code of a certain type gives rise to the so-called enumerator polynomial, which automatically satisfies all necessary properties, while the resulting $$ Z\left(\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$
Z

τ

τ
¯

is the partition function of the code CFT — the Narain theory unambiguously constructed from the code. Yet there are also “fake” polynomials satisfying all necessary properties, that are not associated with any code. They lead to $$ Z\left(\tau, \overline{\tau}\right) $$
Z

τ

τ
¯

satisfying all modular bootstrap constraints (modular invariance and positivity and integrality of character expansion), but whether they are partition functions of any actual CFT is unclear. We consider the group of the six simplest fake polynomials and denounce the corresponding Z’s as fake: we show that none of them is the torus partition function of any Narain theory. Moreover, four of them are not partition functions of any unitary 2d CFT; our analysis for other two is inconclusive. Our findings point to an obvious limitation of the modular bootstrap approach: not every solution of the full set of torus modular bootstrap constraints is due to an actual CFT. In the paper we consider six simple examples, keeping in mind that thousands more can be constructed.
On the IR/UV flavour connection in non-universal axion models
Authors: Di Luzio Luca , Guerrera Alfredo Walter Mario , Díaz Xavier Ponce , Rigolin Stefano
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Non-universal axion models, with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry acting on Standard Model (SM) fermions in a generation-dependent way, are typically accompanied by two different sources of flavour violation, dubbed here as infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV). The former is due to the flavour violating axion couplings to SM fermions, while the latter arises from the heavy degrees of freedom that UV complete the axion effective field theory. We point out that these two sources of flavour violation are directly related and exemplify this connection in a general class of non-universal axion model, based on a renormalizable DFSZ-like setup with two Higgs doublets (PQ-2HDM). We next discuss the interplay of axion flavour phenomenology with the signatures stemming from the heavy radial modes of the PQ-2HDM, including meson oscillation observables and charged lepton flavour violating decays. We emphasize the strong complementarity between flavour observables, LHC direct searches and standard axion physics.
Seismic Waveform Tomography for 3D Impedance Model with Salt Structure
Authors: Gao Fengxia , Wang Yanghua
Published: June 2023

Conventional impedance inversion from post-stack zero-offset seismic data is usually based on the convolution model, and wave-equation based inversion is rarely used, although it is capable to precisely describe seismic wave propagation and invert impedance model with higher resolution. That is because there are more than one physical parameters involved in the conventional wave equation, making impedance inversion complicated. In this study, a one-dimensional (1D) wave equation, containing only the impedance parameter, is adopted and applied for the inversion of 1D impedance model by seismic waveform tomography. However, for a three-dimensional (3D) model, direct application of the 1D waveform tomography may lead to lateral discontinuities. Therefore, we propose to utilize a truncated Fourier series to parameterize the 3D impedance model, and then invert for the Fourier coefficients. With this parameterization scheme, the large- and small-scale components of the impedance model can be reconstructed stepwise by gradually increasing the number of Fourier coefficients. To efficiently and effectively invert the coefficients for the 3D model with salt structure, we propose a joint strategy, in which the low-frequency seismic data is used to invert for the Fourier coefficients representing the large-scale components of the model, while the high-frequency seismic data is applied to invert for the Fourier coefficients representing the small-scale components of the model. Tests on a 3D impedance model with salt structure result in models with high resolution and good spatial continuity, proving the feasibility and stability of the impedance inversion procedure.
Proximal bone block with distal screw trajectory improves mechanical stability during distalization tibial tubercle osteotomy
Authors: Uppstrom Tyler J. , Cash Brian M. , Jahandar Amirhossein , Fletcher Connor , Nguyen Joseph T. , Maher Suzanne A. , Strickland Sabrina M. , Gomoll Andreas H.
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in mechanical stability of a wedge‐shaped distalization tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) with a standard technique, versus a modified technique with use of a proximal bone block and distally angled screw trajectory.

Methods

Ten fresh‐frozen cadaver lower extremity specimens (five matched pairs) were utilized. Within each specimen pair, one specimen was randomly assigned to undergo a standard distalization osteotomy fixed with two bicortical 4.5‐mm screws oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia, and the other to undergo a distalization osteotomy with modified fixation utilizing a proximal bone block and distally angled screw trajectory. Each specimen’s patella and tibia were mounted on a servo‐hydraulic load frame using custom fixtures (MTS Instron). The patellar tendon was dynamically loaded to 400 N at a rate of 200 N/second for 500 cycles. Following the cyclic loading, loading to failure was done at 25 mm/min.

Results

The modified distalization TTO technique demonstrated significantly higher average load to failure compared to the standard distalization TTO technique (1339 N vs. 844.1 N, p < 0.001). Average maximum tibial tubercle displacement during cyclic loading was significantly smaller in the modified TTO technique group compared to the standard TTO technique (1.1 mm vs. 4.7 mm, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that distalization TTO utilizing a modified technique with a proximal bone block and distally aimed screws is biomechanically superior to standard distalization TTO without proximal bone block and screw trajectory perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. This increased stability may aid in reducing the reported higher complication rates (including loss of fixation, delayed union and nonunion) following distalization TTO, although future clinical outcome studies are warranted.