bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre el éxito profesional, el exilio interior y el olvido. La inspección femenina de Castilla y León en los procesos sancionadores ocurridos durante la Guerra Civil
Authors: Sanz Simón Carlos , Sonlleva Velasco Miriam
Published: December 2022

Acercarse al conocimiento de la Inspección de Primera Enseñanza en el primer tercio del siglo XX es una labor necesaria para conocer la educación en este periodo. Hacerlo desde una perspectiva de género resulta una tarea obligatoria para visibilizar los sesgos a los que se enfrentó este cuerpo profesional y conocer las posibilidades de actuación de quienes formaron parte del mismo. Son estas premisas sobre las que se asienta el estudio que aquí se presenta. Contextualizado en la actual Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, su objetivo es analizar las sanciones que sufrieron las inspectoras de primera enseñanza de esta región en el periodo de la Guerra Civil y las repercusiones inmediatas que tuvieron estos castigos en las trayectorias de las protagonistas. Para ello, se examinan expedientes profesionales y de depuración mostrando las dificultades que presenta una línea de investigación prolífica, pero a la vez sujeta a múltiples condicionantes que favorecen interpretaciones diversas. Los resultados dan cuenta de cómo las profesionales de la inspección padecieron procesos punitivos diferentes a los de sus homólogos masculinos, siendo para ellas la separación del cargo y el exilio interior dos de las sanciones más repetidas. El periodo histórico en el que fueron formadas, las provincias en las que ejercieron, su implicación política y las relaciones que establecieron con cargos masculinos significados fueron aspectos determinantes para mantener su puesto de trabajo tras el conflicto bélico o ser condenadas al ostracismo.
Australian women educators’ internal exile and banishment in a centralised patriarchal state school system
Authors: Whitehead Kay
Published: December 2022

This article explores Australian women teachers’ struggles for equality with men from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. While Australia purported to be a progressive democratic nation, centralised patriarchal state school systems relied on women teachers to fulfil the requirements of free, compulsory and secular schooling. This study focuses on the state of South Australia where women were enfranchised in 1894, far ahead of European countries. However, women teachers were subjected to internal exile in the state school system, and banished by the marriage bar. The article begins with the construction of the South Australian state school system in the late nineteenth century. The enforcement of the marriage bar created a differentiated profession of many young single women who taught prior to marriage; a few married women who required an income; and a cohort of senior single women who made teaching a life-long career and contested other forms of subordination to which all women teachers were subject. Led by the latter group, South Australian women teachers pursued equality in early twentieth century mixed teachers unions and post-suffrage women’s organisations; and established the Women Teachers Guild in 1937 to secure more equal conditions of employment. The paper concludes with the situation after World War Two when married women were re admitted to the state school system to resolve teacher shortages; and campaigns for equal pay gathered momentum. In South Australia, the marriage bar was eventually removed in 1972.
Enseñar historia al margen de los cuerpos. El cuerpo y sus metáforas en la historiografía escolar española desde el siglo XIX a la actualidad, por Emilio Castillejo Cambra
Authors: Serrano López Federico Guillermo
Published: December 2022

Reseña del libro Enseñar historia al margen de los cuerpos. El cuerpo y sus metáforas en la historiografía escolar española desde el siglo XIX a la actualidad, por Emilio Castillejo Cambra
Paradossi educativi nel Novecento. Lavoro e memoria di Giuseppe Prezzolini (1882-1982) tra Stati Uniti, Italia e Svizzera
Authors: Petruzzi Carmen
Published: December 2022

Il saggio analizza gli articoli di Giuseppe Prezzolini pubblicati in Paradossi educativi 1914-1964 (Armando 1964) relativi alle riforme scolastiche italiane, ai modelli educativi e ai programmi scolastici.
Nonostante la sua lunga assenza dall’Italia, il giornalista Giuseppe Prezzolini continuò a seguire da lontano i cambiamenti della scuola italiana e arricchì il dibattito contemporaneo con le sue argute osservazioni oltreoceano. Inoltre, attraverso la sua opera, è possibile gettare un nuovo sguardo su alcuni aspetti della storia dell’educazione e della scuola in Italia durante un periodo di cambiamento e, al di là dell’Atlantico, sulla trasformazione della mentalità delle famiglie italoamericane.
Nell’anno del quarantesimo anniversario dalla sua morte si ricorda attraverso la sua parola, una figura notevole che visse, scrisse e commentò i grandi eventi del Novecento.
Leda Maffioletti: conhecimentos e significados de uma professora de música formadora de pedagogas
Authors: Pedrollo Silani , Maffioletti Leda de Albuquerque
Published: December 2022

O objetivo deste artigo é apreender e desvendar os significados atribuídos pela professora Leda Maffioletti às atividades de canto e apreciação desenvolvidas na disciplina de educação musical no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), mais especificamente as orientações didáticas musicais dessas atividades no que concerne à articulação dos seus conhecimentos práticos e teóricos para a elaboração de suas aulas e dos planos de aulas de suas estudantes. Esta investigação situa-se no campo da pesquisa (auto)biográfica e do método biográfico, a qual se fundamenta em autoras da abordagem (auto)biográfica e educação musical que abordam questões sobre o(s) conhecimento(s) e experiências de professoras. Reconhece-se que as narrativas de experiências vividas por Leda Maffioletti contribuem para a produção de conhecimento e para o fortalecimento da área de educação e dos campos da educação musical e de pesquisas (auto)biográficas, na discussão sobre formação profissional e humana de pedagogas.
Risk factors for central and lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Ahn Ji Hyun , Chang Hee Kyung
Published: December 2022

Background: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is commonly observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for LNM in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods: The clinicopathological factors of 417 patients were investigated, and differences according to the presence or absence of LNM were evaluated.Results: LNM was associated with age <55 years, male sex, tumor size >10 mm, multiple and bilateral tumors, tumor involving the lower pole or entire lobe, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and extrathyroidal extension (ETE). Univariable and multivariable analyses showed that age <55 years, male sex, tumor size >10 mm, LVI, and ETE were related to central LNM. Male sex, tumor size >10 mm, and LVI were correlated with lateral LNM (p<0.05). Compared to central LNM, more lymph nodes were involved in metastases and the metastatic tumors were larger in lateral LNM. Extranodal extension (ENE) was more commonly observed in lateral LNM (p<0.001) and was associated with tumor size >10 mm, multifocality, PNI, ETE, and the absence of lymphocytic thyroiditis (p<0.05). Conclusions: Younger age, male sex, tumor size >10 mm, LVI, and ETE were risk factors for central LNM, while male sex, tumor size >10 mm, and LVI were risk factors for lateral LNM. ENE was more commonly observed in lateral LNM, and tumor size >10 mm, multifocal tumors, PNI, ETE, and tumors unrelated to lymphocytic thyroiditis were risk factors for ENE.
A case report of a carotid space abscess due to extraluminal migration of a fishbone into the deep cervical space
Authors: Lee Tae-Hun , Cho Ki Ju , Won Seong Jun , Park Jung Je
Published: December 2022

Laryngopharyngeal foreign bodies are among the cases most frequently encountered by otolaryngologists. Most foreign bodies can be easily removed without any complications. However, surgical removal is required in some cases. Therefore, a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis could cause fatal complications for patients who need a surgical approach. We report a rare case of extraluminal migration of a foreign body to the deep cervical space. The foreign body (a fishbone) was removed by a surgical approach. With a literature review, we also propose an algorithm for the management of suspicious foreign bodies in the neck.
Association between phase angle of bioelectrical impedance analysis and nutritional parameters in older adults
Authors: Santos Mylena Alves , Goes Andrea Costa , Oliveira Rafaela de Siqueira , Oliveira Juliana de Souza , Ferreira Andrêa Jacqueline Fortes , Santiago Emanuelle Cruz da Silva , Roriz Anna Karla Carneiro , Oliveira Carolina Cunha de
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Phase angle (PhA) is a Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameter representing an indicator of cellular health and has been suggested as a biomarker of nutritional status. Objective: To evaluate the association between PhA and nutritional parameters in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with community-dwelling older adults. Body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC), calf circumference (CC), body fat percentage (BF%), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), serum albumin, mini-nutritional assessment (MNA), and PhA were assessed. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, chi-square test, and Poisson regression models were performed. Results: 144 participants were included in the study, and most of them were female, aged ≥80 years, and underweight. Most older adults with lower PhA were women, aged range 80–89 years, and with reduced ASMM (p<0.05). PhA presented a significant correlation with age (r=–0.417; p<0.001), ASMM (r=0.427; p<0.001), AMC (r=0.195; p=0.019) and BF% (r=–0.223; p=0.007). Older adults with lower PhA present reduced ASMM (PR: 1.25; 95%CI: 1.04–1.50), and hypoalbuminemia (PR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.11–2.03). Conclusion: PhA is related to commonly nutritional indicators used in clinical practice and could be an important biomarker of muscle mass reserves in community-living older adults of both sexes.
Foot wound risk and quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes are related to self-care
Authors: Rocha Rebeca Barbosa da , Silva Cristiano Sales da , Campelo Bruna Larysse Diógenes , Pedro Ana Cristina Marques , Sousa Fernanda Mello da Silva , Cardoso Vinicius Saura
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Adherence to self-care has been identified as a means of preventing diabetic foot wounds, positively influencing the clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients. The adherence to this strategy is divergent in different populations. It is essential to determine the self-care practices that are associated with diabetic foot ulcers and the quality of life in adults with diabetes. Objective: To understand self-care practices and explore their relationship with the foot wound risk and quality of life of persons with type 2 diabetes in a city in northeastern Brazil. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 300 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, classification of foot wound risk, the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities, and SF-36. Results: Adherence to self-care was low for physical exercise, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and foot care. The diet and the use of medication had better adherence by the participants. Foot wound risk was related to no adherence to diet (OR 2.2 95% CI 1.32-3.38), physical activity (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.25-0.95), and blood glucose checking (OR 5.31 95% CI 1.58-17.78). Quality of life was associated with physical activity (OR 0.35 95% CI 0.16-0.74). Conclusion: It can be concluded that is a relationship between self-care practices adherence, risk of foot wounds, and quality of life.
About the Efficacy of Virtual and Remote Laboratories in STEM Education in Secondary School: A Second-Order Systematic Review
Authors: Fadda Daniela , Salis Carole , Vivanet Giuliano
Published: December 2022

Online laboratories brought new opportunities for instruction. In this work, a secondorder systematic review about the efficacy of virtual and remote labs on learning in high school STEM education is presented. Nine systematic review and a meta-analysis were included. A descriptive summary (qualitative and quantitative) of their findings is provided. On average, online laboratories support learning to an extent comparable to that observed in real labs; their effect is even more positive when they are integrated into more traditional teaching practice (e.g., as pre-lab practice sessions before the hands-on experiments) and when they are supported by adequate teacher feedback. Content knowledge is the learning outcome most often assessed; while practical and inquiry skills related to scientific reasoning are investigated less frequently. The results are promising for instructional design and for the future research, despite the data variability and some methodological limitations of individual studies (lack of relevant quantitative data, such as effect sizes and moderator analysis). Further experimental research is required to estimate the effect of online labs on different learning outcomes and to better understand the moderating role of some variables related to interventions and students.
Network instability dynamics drive a transient bursting period in the developing hippocampus in vivo
Authors: Graf Jürgen , Rahmati Vahid , Majoros Myrtill , Witte Otto W , Geis Christian , Kiebel Stefan J , Holthoff Knut , Kirmse Knut
Published: December 2022

Spontaneous correlated activity is a universal hallmark of immature neural circuits. However, the cellular dynamics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying network burstiness in the intact developing brain are largely unknown. Here, we use two-photon Ca2+ imaging to comprehensively map the developmental trajectories of spontaneous network activity in the hippocampal area CA1 of mice in vivo. We unexpectedly find that network burstiness peaks after the developmental emergence of effective synaptic inhibition in the second postnatal week. We demonstrate that the enhanced network burstiness reflects an increased functional coupling of individual neurons to local population activity. However, pairwise neuronal correlations are low, and network bursts (NBs) recruit CA1 pyramidal cells in a virtually random manner. Using a dynamic systems modeling approach, we reconcile these experimental findings and identify network bi-stability as a potential regime underlying network burstiness at this age. Our analyses reveal an important role of synaptic input characteristics and network instability dynamics for NB generation. Collectively, our data suggest a mechanism, whereby developing CA1 performs extensive input-discrimination learning prior to the onset of environmental exploration.
Survival of mineral-bound peptides into the Miocene
Authors: Demarchi Beatrice , Mackie Meaghan , Li Zhiheng , Deng Tao , Collins Matthew J , Clarke Julia
Published: December 2022

Previously, we showed that authentic peptide sequences could be obtained from 3.8-Ma-old ostrich eggshell (OES) from the site of Laetoli, Tanzania (Demarchi et al., 2016). Here, we show that the same sequences survive in a >6.5 Ma OES recovered from a palaeosteppe setting in northwestern China. The eggshell is thicker than those observed in extant species and consistent with the Liushu Struthio sp. ootaxon. These findings push the preservation of ancient proteins back to the Miocene and highlight their potential for paleontology, paleoecology, and evolutionary biology.
Structures of RecBCD in complex with phage-encoded inhibitor proteins reveal distinctive strategies for evasion of a bacterial immunity hub
Authors: Wilkinson Martin , Wilkinson Oliver J , Feyerherm Connie , Fletcher Emma E , Wigley Dale B , Dillingham Mark S
Published: December 2022

Following infection of bacterial cells, bacteriophage modulate double-stranded DNA break repair pathways to protect themselves from host immunity systems and prioritise their own recombinases. Here, we present biochemical and structural analysis of two phage proteins, gp5.9 and Abc2, which target the DNA break resection complex RecBCD. These exemplify two contrasting mechanisms for control of DNA break repair in which the RecBCD complex is either inhibited or co-opted for the benefit of the invading phage. Gp5.9 completely inhibits RecBCD by preventing it from binding to DNA. The RecBCD-gp5.9 structure shows that gp5.9 acts by substrate mimicry, binding predominantly to the RecB arm domain and competing sterically for the DNA binding site. Gp5.9 adopts a parallel coiled-coil architecture that is unprecedented for a natural DNA mimic protein. In contrast, binding of Abc2 does not substantially affect the biochemical activities of isolated RecBCD. The RecBCD-Abc2 structure shows that Abc2 binds to the Chi-recognition domains of the RecC subunit in a position that might enable it to mediate the loading of phage recombinases onto its single-stranded DNA products.
Metabolomics study of flavonoids in Coreopsis tinctoria of different origins by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Wang Yi , Cheng Junsen , Jiang Wei , Chen Shu
Published: December 2022

To analyze the flavonoids in Coreopsis tinctoria and compare the differences in flavonoids among C. tinctoria of different origins, the chemical composition of C. tinctoria capitulum was analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS), and the flavonoid metabolites were analyzed and identified based on their retention time, mass-to-charge ratio and fragment ions in the UPLC-QTOF-MS matrix. Capitulum samples of C. tinctoria were collected from three locations in the Xinjiang region at different altitudes. A total of 204 flavonoid compounds were identified, and 31 different flavonoid metabolites were then identified from flowers of C. tinctoria of different origins. Further analysis of these 31 significantly accumulated metabolites identified seven flavonoid metabolites, namely, homoplantaginin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, avicularin, quercetin 3-O-(6′-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, with high accumulation only in sample collected from Tashkurgan Tajik (TX) and low expression in sample collected from Yutian County (YT) and Shaya County (SY). Moreover, 7,4′-dihydroxyflavone and 4,4′-dimethoxychalcone showed high accumulation only in SY, and afzelin was specifically highly accumulated in YT. In addition, the identified flavonoid metabolites were annotated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and key pathways that might regulate the biosynthesis of these flavonoid compounds were analyzed. These findings provide key information for research on flavonoids and their biosynthesis in C. tinctoria and will provide a theoretical basis for studying the herbal quality and origin of C. tinctoria.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 10 February 1896.
Engineering the Electronic Structure of Single‐Atom Iron Sites with Boosted Oxygen Bifunctional Activity for Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Zhijun , Ji Siqi , Xu Chang , Leng Leipeng , Liu Hongxue , Horton J. Hugh , Du Lei , Gao Jincheng , He Cheng , Qi Xiaoying , Xu Qian , Zhu Junfa
Published: December 2022

Rechargeable zinc–air batteries typically require efficient, durable, and inexpensive bifunctional electrocatalysts to support oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). However, sluggish kinetics and mass transportation challenges must be addressed if the performance of these catalysts is to be enhanced. Herein, a strategy to fabricate a catalyst comprising atomically dispersed iron atoms supported on a mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon support (Fe SAs/NC) with accessible metal sites and optimized electronic metal–support interactions is developed. Both the experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the engineered electronic structures of the metal active sites can regulate the charge distribution of Fe centers to optimize the adsorption/desorption of oxygenated intermediates. The Fe SAs/NC containing Fe1N4O1 sites achieves remarkable ORR activity over the entire pH range, with half‐wave potentials of 0.93, 0.83, and 0.75 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode) in alkaline, acidic, and neutral electrolytes, respectively. In addition, it demonstrates a promising low overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER in alkaline conditions. The zinc–air battery assembled with Fe SAs/NC exhibits superior performance than that of Pt/C+RuO2 counterpart in terms of peak power density, specific capacity, and cycling stability. These findings demonstrate the importance of the electronic structure engineering of metal sites in directing catalytic activity.
Rational Design of De Novo CCL2 Binding Peptides
Authors: Aguas Erika Davidoff , Azizogli Abdul‐Rahman , Kashyap Jatin , Dodd‐o Joseph , Siddiqui Zain , Sy Jay , Kumar Vivek
Published: December 2022

Chronic levels of inflammation lead to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. A key molecular mediator responsible for the progression of these diseases is Chemokine C–C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), a homodimerized cytokine that dissociates into monomeric form and binds to the CCR2 receptor. CCL2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), attracts monocytes to migrate to areas of injury and mature into macrophages, leading to positive feedback inflammation with further release of proinflammatory molecules such as IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Sequestering CCL2 to prevent its binding to CCR2 may prevent this inflammatory activity. Prior work adapted an α‐helical CCL2‐binding peptide (WKNFQTI) from murine CCR2 through extracellular loop analysis. Here, higher‐affinity peptide binders are computationally designed through homology modeling and energy calculations, yielding an 11‐amino acid peptide with high binding affinity. In addition, Rosetta mutations improves binding affinity in silico with blockage of the CCL2 dimerization site. Future work in analyzing binding kinetics and in vivo inflammation abrogation will confirm the accuracy of computational modeling techniques in de novo rational design of CCL2 cytokine binders.
Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury‐Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination
Authors: Deng Shiji , Shu Shu , Zhai Lili , Xia Shengnan , Cao Xiang , Li Huiya , Bao Xinyu , Liu Pinyi , Xu Yun
Published: December 2022

White matter injury (WMI), which reflects myelin loss, contributes to cognitive decline or dementia caused by cerebral vascular diseases. However, because pharmacological agents specifically for WMI are lacking, novel therapeutic strategies need to be explored. It is recently found that adaptive myelination is required for homeostatic control of brain functions. In this study, adaptive myelination‐related strategies are applied to explore the treatment for ischemic WMI‐related cognitive dysfunction. Here, bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) is used to model ischemic WMI‐related cognitive impairment and uncover that optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in the corpus callosum, leading to improvements in myelin repair and working memory. Mechanistically, these neuromodulatory techniques exert a therapeutic effect by inducing the secretion of Wnt2 from activated neuronal axons, which acts on oligodendrocyte precursor cells and drives oligodendrogenesis and myelination. Thus, this study suggests that neuromodulation is a promising strategy for directing myelin repair and cognitive recovery through adaptive myelination in the context of ischemic WMI.
Non‐Fused Ring Acceptors Achieving over 15.6% Efficiency Organic Solar Cell by Long Exciton Diffusion Length of Alloy‐Like Phase and Vertical Phase Separation Induced by Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Luo Dou , Jiang Zhengyan , Tan Wen Liang , Zhang Lifu , Li Lanqing , Shan Chengwei , McNeill Christopher R. , Sonar Prashant , Xu Baomin , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko
Published: December 2022

The construction of high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non‐fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) is challenging despite their low synthesis complexity and low cost. Herein, highly efficient NFREA‐based OSCs using a ternary approach by blending two in‐house designed NFREAs called “C6C4‐4Cl” and “BTIC‐4F” with the donor PM6 are demonstrated. The two NFREAs with similar molecular skeletons tend to form an alloy‐like phase that exhibits long exciton diffusion lengths and improved crystalline properties for efficient charge transfer. The complementary absorption spectra of the ternary system and energy transfer between the two NFREAs increases the current while the high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of BTIC‐4F enhances the voltage of the OSCs. As a result, the ternary OSC with two NFREAs yields an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.62% using 2PACz as a hole transporting layer (HTL). Investigation of the buried interface reveals that 2PACz has a strong interaction with PM6 and induces vertical phase separation in the ternary blend. This work provides an effective strategy to improve the performance of NFREA‐based OSCs by increasing the exciton diffusion length in an alloy‐like acceptor phase and inducing vertical phase separation with the judicious selection of HTL.
Improving the Stability of Supercapacitors at High Voltages and High Temperatures by the Implementation of Ethyl Isopropyl Sulfone as Electrolyte Solvent
Authors: Köps Lukas , Kreth Fabian Alexander , Leistenschneider Desirée , Schutjajew Konstantin , Gläßner Rebecka , Oschatz Martin , Balducci Andrea
Published: December 2022

Two of the main weaknesses of modern electric double‐layer capacitors are the rather limited ranges of operating voltage and temperature in which these devices do not suffer from the occurrence of irreversible decomposition processes. These parameters are strongly interconnected and lowering the operating voltage when increasing the temperature is unavoidable, so as to protect the electric double‐layer capacitor from damage. With the aim to maintain the operating voltage as high as possible at elevated temperatures, in this study, the application of ethyl isopropyl sulfone as an electrolyte solvent for electric double‐layer capacitors is presented. It is shown that ethyl isopropyl sulfone‐based electrolytes display excellent thermal and electrochemical stability enabling high capacitance retention after floating tests for 500 h at 60 and 80 °C, e.g. 68% at 3.4 V at 60 °C. A possible reason for the above‐average stability is that decomposition products of ethyl isopropyl sulfone can deposit on the electrode surface which may act as a passivation layer and prevent further degradation.
1,2,4‐Triazole and benzimidazole fused dihydropyrimidine derivatives: Design, green synthesis, antibacterial, antitubercular, and antimalarial activities
Authors: Mokariya Jaydeep A. , Rajani Dhanji P. , Patel Manish P.
Published: December 2022

This study reports the design and synthesis of novel 1,2,4‐triazolo/benzimidazolo‐pyrimidine linked 1‐benzyl‐4‐[(p‐tolyloxy)methyl]‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents according to their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antitubercular as well as antimalarial activities. An efficient, ecologically benign, and facile multicomponent synthesis was employed to synthesize these derivatives. The synthesis is accelerated with the mild and eco‐friendly organocatalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide, providing a yield of 82%–96% within the short reaction time of 0.5–1.5 h. Compared with the MIC values of ciprofloxacin and ampicillin on the respective strains, compound d2 showed better activity against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes and compound d8 showed better MIC against Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, compounds d3, d4, and d5 showed potent MIC values against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All triazolo‐pyrimidine derivatives d1–d8 showed potent inhibitory action against Gram‐positive strains. Compound e3 showed good potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The IC50 values of d3 and e2 indicated better activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Collectively, these derivatives depict potent multifaceted activity and provide promising access for further antimicrobial and antimalarial investigations.
Hierarchical Carbon Nanosheet Embedded MnOx Cathode for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Shimeng , Wang Xiaoqi , Li Jianbo , Chen Yuwei , Wu Yu , Bai Shengchi , Jin Xu , Jin Bowen , Shao Mingfei
Published: December 2022

Aqueous zinc‐ion battery is one of the candidates for the next generation batteries due to its reliable safety, environmental friendliness and low cost. While the poor structurally stability and limited cyclic reversibility of the cathode restricts its practical application. In this work, we elaborately design hierarchical three‐dimensional (3D) carbon networks (CNs) for the embedding of non‐stoichiometry MnOx with abundant defects (MnOx/CNs), which provide 3D diffusion pathway and efficient electrochemical active sites for zinc‐ion storage. The as‐designed Zn//MnOx/CNs battery delivers high energy density of 452.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 133.0 W kg−1, much superior to that of MnO2/CNs and pristine MnO2. Moreover, defective manganese species experience stable phase transformation during charging/discharging process, providing a long‐term cycling performance with a high reversible capacity of 263.3 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles.
Three dimensions of thermolabile sex determination
Authors: Waters Paul D. , Graves Jennifer A. Marshall , Whiteley Sarah L. , Georges Arthur , Ruiz‐Herrera Aurora
Published: December 2022

The molecular mechanism of temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) is a long‐standing mystery. How is the thermal signal sensed, captured and transduced to regulate key sex genes? Although there is compelling evidence for pathways via which cells capture the temperature signal, there is no known mechanism by which cells transduce those thermal signals to affect gene expression. Here we propose a novel hypothesis we call 3D‐TSD (the three dimensions of thermolabile sex determination). We postulate that the genome has capacity to remodel in response to temperature by changing 3D chromatin conformation, perhaps via temperature‐sensitive transcriptional condensates. This could rewire enhancer–promoter interactions to alter the expression of key sex‐determining genes. This hypothesis can accommodate monogenic or multigenic thermolabile sex‐determining systems, and could be combined with upstream thermal sensing and transduction to the epigenome to commit gonadal fate.
Systematic review of population‐based bladder cancer registries: How criteria heterogeneity affects the comparison of incidences
Authors: Caballero José María , Gili José María , Pereira Juan Camilo , Gomáriz Alba , Castillo Carlos , Martín‐Baranera Montserrat
Published: December 2022

Background

The population‐based registry of bladder cancer (BC) raises specific problems intrinsic to the tumor, as the inclusion of noninfiltrating, potentially malignant and multiple tumors. We performed a systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) of population‐based BC registries to obtain information on their geographic areas involved, last dates of real incidence of BC, and rules coding used in BC for uncertain behavior, in situ and multiple tumors.

Methods

Using MEDLINE and Google Scholar, we identified scientific publications of in the last 10 years in English or Spanish, whether they were related to a national or international cancer registry, provided information on registry rules, and provided data on the incidence of BC.

Results

After the first screening, a total of 194 references were obtained. After a second analysis, three registries were selected: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is a world registry providing real incidence of BC in the period 2008–2012. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registered incidence until 2017 in more than 90% of the US population. Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) unifies 14 Spanish registries (27.4% of the population) with real incidence data from 2010 to 2015. The coding and inclusion rules have been modified, but currently, most registries include BC in situ and uncertain behavior tumors. Whenever a new case occurs 36 months after a previous diagnosis, SEER registers those as multiple incident cancers in the same location, while IARC and REDECAN only allow one cancer per location during the lifespan of the patient.

Conclusions

Comparison of the incidence of BC among different population‐based cancer registries is prone to bias due to the methodological differences regarding the inclusion of carcinomas in situ, indeterminate, and multiple tumors. A good cancer registry could provide better surveillance strategies for BC patients.
RMI2 is a novel prognostic and predictive biomarker for breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Hao Chuncheng , Han Baojuan , Zeng Guangchun , Han Lili , Cao Cong , Liu Hui , Zhong Zhenbin , Zhao Xue , Wang Jingxuan , Zhang Qingyuan
Published: December 2022

Background

RecQ‐mediated genome instability 2 (RMI2) maintains genome stability by promoting DNA damage repair. It has been reported to accelerate the progression of several tumors. However, the functional mechanism of RMI2 in breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods

Gene expression profiles were obtained from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases. The expression of RMI2 and its prognostic value in breast cancer was explored. In addition, we calculated pooled standardized mean deviation (SMD) and performed a summary receiver operating characteristic (sROC) curve analysis to further determine RMI2 expression status and diagnostic significance. The functions and related signaling pathways were investigated based on GO and KEGG analyses. The PPI network was constructed by combining the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Subsequently, in vitro assays were conducted to detect the effect of RMI2 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.

Results

The expression of RMI2 was markedly upregulated in breast cancer tissues relative to that in normal tissues. Moreover, pooled SMD further confirmed the overexpression of RMI2 in breast cancer (SMD = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–1.41, p = 0.000). The sROC curve analysis result suggested that RMI2 had a relatively high diagnostic ability in breast cancer (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.84–0.90). High RMI2 expression was associated with poor prognosis. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that RMI2 was closely related to cell adhesion, various enzyme activities, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PPI analysis showed that RMI2 had interactions with proteins involved in DNA damage repair. knockdown of RMI2 remarkably inhibited the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells, while overexpression of RMI2 exerted the opposite effects. Furthermore, we identified that RMI2 accelerates the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Conclusion

The results suggest that RMI2 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker associated with cell proliferation and migration, and may be used as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer in the future.
Defining the psychiatric and financial burden of mental and substance use disorders in cancer patients
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Klamer Brett , Palmer Joshua D. , Gregirio Sharla Wells‐Di , Kale Sachin S. , Bonomi Marcelo , Old Matthew O. , Rocco James W. , Blakaj Dukagjin M.
Published: December 2022

Purpose

To identify the proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits in cancer patients associated with a mental and substance use disorder (MSUD) and the subsequent healthcare costs.

Methods

Nationally representative data on ED visits from 2009 to 2018 was obtained from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS). We identified cancer‐related visits with or without a MSUD using the Clinical Classifications Software diagnoses documented during the ED visit. Survey‐adjusted frequencies and proportions of ED visits among adult cancer patients with or without a MSUD was evaluated. Survey‐adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine demographic and clinical predictors of the presence of an MSUD and the likelihood of hospital admission for patients with a primary MSUD.

Results

Among 54,004,462 ED visits with a cancer diagnosis between 2009 and 2018, 11,803,966 (22%) were associated with a MSUD. Compared to a primary diagnosis of cancer, patients who presented to the ED with a chief complaint of MSUD were more likely to be female (54% vs. 49%), younger (median: 58 vs. 66), more likely to have Medicaid insurance, and more likely to be discharged home. The three most common MSUD diagnoses among cancer patients were alcohol‐related disorders, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. The total costs associated with a primary MSUD from 2009 to 2018 was $3,133,432,103, of which alcohol‐related disorders claimed the largest majority. Younger age (OR per 10‐year increase: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.86) and female sex (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.33–1.35) were associated with higher odds of having an MSUD.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a high burden of psychiatric and substance use illness in the cancer population and provide the rationale for early psychosocial intervention to support these patients.
Plasma cell myeloma following a prior diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Loyzer Melissa N. , Grewal Kuljit , Ikpatt Offiong Francis
Published: December 2022

A 69‐year‐old man presented with plasma cell myeloma (PCM) 4 years after the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Light chain expressions in the two tumors were different suggesting unrelated cell of origin clonality. Few reports have been added to the literature describing synchronous CLL and PCM in a patient.
An Efficient, Site‐Selective and Spontaneous Peptide Macrocyclisation During in vitro Translation
Authors: Liu Minglong , Yoshisada Ryoji , Amedi Avand , Hopstaken Antonius J. P. , Pascha Mirte N. , de Haan Cornelis A. M. , Geerke Daan P. , Poole David A. , Jongkees Seino A. K.
Published: December 2022

Macrocyclisation provides a means of stabilising the conformation of peptides, often resulting in improved stability, selectivity, affinity, and cell permeability. In this work, a new approach to peptide macrocyclisation is reported, using a cyanobenzothiazole‐containing amino acid that can be incorporated into peptides by both in vitro translation and solid phase peptide synthesis, meaning it should be applicable to peptide discovery by mRNA display. This cyclisation proceeds rapidly, with minimal by‐products, is selective over other amino acids including nonN‐terminal cysteines, and is compatible with further peptide elaboration exploiting such an additional cysteine in bicyclisation and derivatisation reactions. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the new cyclisation group is likely to influence the peptide conformation as compared to previous thioether‐based approaches, through rigidity and intramolecular aromatic interactions, illustrating their complementarity.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Exposure–Response Analyses for Efficacy and Safety of Risankizumab in Patients With Active Crohn's Disease
Authors: Suleiman Ahmed Abbas , Goebel Aline , Bhatnagar Sumit , D'Cunha Ronilda , Liu Wei , Pang Yinuo
Published: December 2022

The population pharmacokinetics (PK) of risankizumab and exposure–response relationships for efficacy and safety in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) were characterized using data from phase II and III studies to support dosing regimen selection. A two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and first‐order elimination adequately described risankizumab PK. Covariates including sex, baseline fecal calprotectin, corticosteroid use, baseline creatinine clearance, body weight, and baseline albumin were statistically correlated with risankizumab clearance, but their impact on exposure was not clinically relevant for efficacy or safety. Exposure–response analyses showed that exposures associated with the 600 mg intravenous (i.v.) induction dose at Weeks 0, 4, and 8 achieved a near maximal response for all efficacy end points evaluated, with negligible added benefit from the 1,200 mg i.v. regimen. By Week 52 of the maintenance treatment, trends of higher responses were observed for the exposure range associated with the 360 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) every‐8‐weeks (Q8W) regimen for most of the evaluated efficacy end points, particularly for the more stringent end points, such as endoscopic remission and ulcer‐free endoscopy. Exposure–response analyses for safety did not identify any apparent relationship between exposure and safety. These results supported the final dose recommendation of 600 mg i.v. at Weeks 0, 4, and 8, followed by 360 mg s.c. at Week 12 and Q8W thereafter in patients with CD.
Julia‐Kocienski Olefination: A Tutorial Review
Authors: Sakaine Guna , Leitis Zigmārs , Ločmele Rebeka , Smits Gints
Published: December 2022

Over the past two decades, Julia‐Kocienski olefination has become one of the most powerful and reliable C=C double‐bond construction methods typically furnishing E‐configured alkenes. This review summarizes the scientific literature of the past decade focusing on the key aspects for successful execution of the olefination step. The main stereoselectivity and yield‐determining aspects have been outlined in separate chapters providing all the necessary information for the synthesis of Julia‐Kocienski reagents as well as the most commonly used reaction optimization techniques.
Bimetallic Cooperatively Catalyzed Heteroarylation of Aryl Fluorosulfates
Authors: Zhang Guofu , Han Linjun , Guan Chenfei , Qi Huijie , Ding Chengrong
Published: December 2022

We report a bimetallic cooperatively catalyzed C−H activation strategy for the heteroarylation of easily accessed aryl fluorosulfates which were introduced to sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click chemistry by Sharpless. This novel catalytic system enables highly chemoselective synthesis of important heterobiaryl motifs through the coupling of aryl fluorosulfates in the absence of prefunclization and directing groups. Moreover, this strategy has good functional group tolerance and a wide range of substrates and could be successfully used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules tafamidis.
Machine learning approaches linking brain function to behavior in the ABCD STOP task
Authors: Yuan Dekang , Hahn Sage , Allgaier Nicholas , Owens Max M. , Chaarani Bader , Potter Alexandra , Garavan Hugh
Published: December 2022

The stop‐signal task (SST) is one of the most common fMRI tasks of response inhibition, and its performance measure, the stop‐signal reaction‐time (SSRT), is broadly used as a measure of cognitive control processes. The neurobiology underlying individual or clinical differences in response inhibition remain unclear, consistent with the general pattern of quite modest brain–behavior associations that have been recently reported in well‐powered large‐sample studies. Here, we investigated the potential of multivariate, machine learning (ML) methods to improve the estimation of individual differences in SSRT with multimodal structural and functional region of interest‐level neuroimaging data from 9‐ to 11‐year‐olds children in the ABCD Study. Six ML algorithms were assessed across modalities and fMRI tasks. We verified that SST activation performed best in predicting SSRT among multiple modalities including morphological MRI (cortical surface area/thickness), diffusion tensor imaging, and fMRI task activations, and then showed that SST activation explained 12% of the variance in SSRT using cross‐validation and out‐of‐sample lockbox data sets (n = 7298). Brain regions that were more active during the task and that showed more interindividual variation in activation were better at capturing individual differences in performance on the task, but this was only true for activations when successfully inhibiting. Cortical regions outperformed subcortical areas in explaining individual differences but the two hemispheres performed equally well. These results demonstrate that the detection of reproducible links between brain function and performance can be improved with multivariate approaches and give insight into a number of brain systems contributing to individual differences in this fundamental cognitive control process.
Individual and country‐level variables associated with the medicalization of birth: Multilevel analyses of IMAgiNE EURO data from 15 countries in the WHO European region
Authors: Miani Céline , Wandschneider Lisa , Batram‐Zantvoort Stephanie , Covi Benedetta , Elden Helen , Nedberg Ingvild Hersoug , Drglin Zalka , Pumpure Elizabete , Costa Raquel , Rozée Virginie , Otelea Marina Ruxandra , Drandić Daniela , Radetic Jelena , Abderhalden‐Zellweger Alessia , Ćerimagić Amira , Arendt Maryse , Mariani Ilaria , Linden Karolina , Ponikvar Barbara Mihevc , Jakovicka Dārta , Dias Heloisa , Ruzicic Jovana , de Labrusse Claire , Valente Emanuelle Pessa , Zaigham Mehreen , Bohinec Anja , Rezeberga Dace , Barata Catarina , Pfund Anouk , Sacks Emma , Lazzerini Marzia ,   the IMAgiNE EURO study group
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate potential associations between individual and country‐level factors and medicalization of birth in 15 European countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Online anonymous survey of women who gave birth in 2020–2021. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models estimating associations between indicators of medicalization (cesarean, instrumental vaginal birth [IVB], episiotomy, fundal pressure) and proxy variables related to care culture and contextual factors at the individual and country level.

Results

Among 27 173 women, 24.4% (n = 6650) had a cesarean and 8.8% (n = 2380) an IVB. Among women with IVB, 41.9% (n = 998) reported receiving fundal pressure. Among women with spontaneous vaginal births, 22.3% (n = 4048) had an episiotomy. Less respectful care, as perceived by the women, was associated with higher levels of medicalization. For example, women who reported having a cesarean, IVB, or episiotomy reported not feeling treated with dignity more frequently than women who did not have those interventions (odds ratio [OR] 1.37; OR 1.61; OR 1.51, respectively; all: P < 0.001). Country‐level variables contributed to explaining some of the variance between countries.

Conclusion

We recommend a greater emphasis in health policies on promotion of respectful and patient‐centered care approaches to birth to enhance women's experiences of care, and the development of a European‐level indicator to monitor medicalization of reproductive care.