bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Utilization of Agricultural and Food Industry Wastes as Feed of Grower Pigs in Manokwari Regency West Papua
Authors: Widayati Trisiwi Wahyu , Rahayu Bernaddeta Wahyuni Irianti , Rahardjo Dwi Djoko , Santoso Budi
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to find out the potential of agricultural and food industry wastes as the constituents of pig feed to improve pigs’ performance and to reduce the feeding cost. This study was conducted at Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province. The agricultural and food industry wastes were collected from two traditional market, and four small-scale food industries. All materials used as feed were proximately analyzed to determine their nutritional values. Average daily gain, feed consumption and feed coversion ratio were taken to determine the pigs performance. Feed cost using local market prices was estimated in knowing the ability of agricultural and food industry wastes to substitutes commercial feed. The result of this research indicates that the use of agricultural and food industries wastes as an alternative components of pigs’ feed to substitute the commercial feed do not reduce the pigs’ performance and production. Among three feeds that use of agricultural and food industry wastes, feed with the combination of 75% waste and 25% commercial feed had the best feed conversion ratio, namely 2.36. On the other hand, a mixture of 25% wastes and 75% commercial feed was the most economic one, and able to reduce the feeding cost of grower pig up to 48.00%.Key words: agricultural waste,  food industry wastes, grower period, pig, feed
Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria Originated From Indonesian Local Goat’s Colostrum
Authors: Setyawardani Triana , Sumarmono Juni
Published: April 2020

The objectives of this study were to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from Indonesian local goat colostrum and to characterize their suitable properties for bacteriocin production. LAB was isolated from goat colostrum. The characterization of LAB was carried out based on the shape, colony dispersal, and catalase test. For antimicrobial activity, LAB was tested by a well diffusion method followed by an antimicrobial activity test against pathogenic bacteria B. cereus, E.coli, S. aureus and S. thypimurium. A total of 8 strains of LAB were successfully isolated from goat colostrum and coded CT1 to CT8. All the isolates were rod-shaped, single or paired colonies, negative catalase, and glucose fermenting LAB. The isolates consist of four L. casei, two L. brevis or L. plantarum, one L. rhamnosus, and one, L. paracasei. CT3 isolate has 84% similarity with L. plantarum and 14.3% with L. brevis 1while CT8 isolate is 71% similar to L. brevis 1 and 28.9% to L. plantarum. Purity evaluation showed that CT3 and CT8 were L. plantarum. Well difusion test showed that all LAB strains possess very solid resistances, with diameters over 17 mm, against B. cereus, E.coli, S. aureus and S. thypimurium. The average inhibitory resistance against B. Cereus, E.coli, S.aureus and S.typhimurium was was 17.68 mm, 19.38, 19.30 and 19.03 mm, respectively. LAB isolated from Indonesian  local goat colostrum are potential candidates for bacteriocin-producing bacteria.
Effect of Storage Conditions on The Characteristics and Composition of Fresh Goat Cheese Containing Probiotics
Authors: Sumarmono Juni , Setyawardani Triana , Santosa Setya Agus
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and composition of soft cheese manufactured from goat milk, which contained probiotic bacteria, and stored at different temperatures for up to 90 days. Soft cheese was manufactured from fresh Indonesian Etawah goat milk, with a mix starter culture containing Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium longum (1:1). Animal rennet was added to facilitate curding. Fresh cheese produced was wrapped in linen clothes and stored under two different temperature conditions, which were high temperature (H:13-15oC) and low temperature (L: 8-10oC) for up to 90 days.  Results showed that goat cheese was characterized as soft with mild goaty flavor, contained no less than 108 CFU of probiotic lactic acid bacteria, pH of 4.6, 0.5% free fatty acid, 57% moisture, crude 15% crude protein, 22% total fat and 2.5% mineral. Cheese underwent dehydration during storage which caused an increase in the relative proportion of protein, fat and mineral. The evolution of cheese’s pH, titratable acidity and composition was partly affected by storage temperature. At the end of storage periods (90 days) goat cheese was characterized as semi hard and, on average, contained 1.3-1.5% titratable acidity, pH of 4.94-4.95, 31.22-37.06% moisture, 24.59-24.09% crude protein, 33.51-36.17% total fat, and 5.64-5.53% minerals.. Cheese stored at high temperature has slight growth of mold at its surface, which was anormal condition during for cheese ripening. In conclusion, acceptable characteristics and composition of probiotic-containing cheese can be manufactured from milk of Indonesian Etawah goats and stored at temperature of 8-10oC for 90 days.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ENERGI, CAIRAN DAN LAMA HARI RAWAT INAP DENGAN PERUBAHAN BERAT BADAN PADA PASIEN BALITA DIARE DI RSUD dr. DORIS SYLVANUS PALANGKA RAYA
Authors: Dewi Fretika Utami
Published: April 2020

Asupan energi inadekuat, penyakit non infeksi, diet khusus dan lama hari perawatan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya malnutrisi di rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan energi, cairan dan lama hari rawat inap dengan perubahan berat badan pada pasien balita diare di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Palangka Raya. Rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang bersifat deskriptif analitik. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang balita diare yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Data asupan energy dan cairan diperoleh dengan food recall 24 jam selama pasien dirawat. Data berat badan diperoleh dengan menimbang sampel saat awal dan akhir perawatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji regresi linear sederhana dan uji spearman. Hasil penelitian : sampel terbanyak berusia 2 tahun (36,7%), bentuk makanan nasi lunak (86,7%), nutrisi parenteral KA-EN 3B (66,7%), asupan energy 40% defisit berat, asupan cairan 83,3% diatas kebutuhan dan lama lama rawat inap < 5 hari (73,3%). Sampel yang mengalami kenaikan berat badan sebanyak 21 orang (70%). Uji regresi linear sederhana asupan energi dengan perubahan berat badan p value 0,5, uji spearman asupan cairan dengan perubahan berat badan p value 0,049, lama hari rawat inap dengan perubahan berat badan p value 0,820. Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara asupan energi, lama hari rawat inap dengan perubahan berat badan, ada hubungan asupan cairan dengan perubahan berat badan.
Effects of Porphyra tenera Supplementation on the Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jung Su-Jin , Jang Hui-Yeon , Jung Eun-Soo , Noh Soon-Ok , Shin Sang-Wook , Ha Ki-Chan , Baek Hyang-Im , Ahn Byung-Jae , Oh Tae-Hwan , Chae Soo-Wan
Published: April 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if Porphyra tenera extract (PTE) has immune-enhancing effects and is safe in healthy adults. Methods: Subjects (3x103 ≤ peripheral blood leukocyte levels < 8x103 cells/μl) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study. Enrolled subjects (n=120) were randomly assigned to either the PTE group (n=60) who were given 2.5 g/day of PTE (as Porphyra tenera extract) in capsule form or the placebo group (n=60) who were given crystal cellulose capsules with the identical appearance, weight, and flavor as the PTE capsules for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed by measuring natural killer cell (NK-cell) activity, cytokines, and upper respiratory infection (URI), and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: Compared to baseline, NK cell activity (%) increased for all effector cell to target cell ratios in the PTE group after 8 weeks, but there were no changes in the placebo group (p<0.1). Subgroup analysis of 101 subjects without an URI revealed that NK-cell activity in the PTE group tended to be increased for all E:T ratios (E:T=12.5:1 p=0.068; E:T=25:1 p=0.036; E:T=50:1 p=0.081) compared to the placebo group. There was a significant difference between these two groups for the E:T=25:1 ratio, which increased from 20.3±12.0% at baseline to 23.2±12.4% after 8 weeks in the PTE group (p=0.036). There was no significant difference in levels of cytokines between these two groups. Conclusions: PTE supplementation appears to enhance immune function by improving NK-cell activity without adverse effects in healthy adults.
Fatores determinantes do desempenho educacional no Sudeste Brasileiro
Authors: Araujo Juliana Maria de , Martin Débora Gonzaga , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Faria Evandro Rodrigues de
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho visa identificar os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, orçamentários e de gestão que exerçam influência no desempenho dos alunos, tomando-se como referência o sudeste brasileiro. Para atender aos objetivos utilizou-se 1542 observações de municípios e procedeu-se a uma regressão múltipla, utilizando o IDEB como variável dependente. Os resultados demonstraram que a melhoria na condição socioeconômica e na renda da população afeta positivamente as notas dos alunos, assim como, recursos do Fundeb. O estudo corrobora a importância das políticas públicas de redistribuição de renda, e investimentos financeiros para que diminuam as desigualdades educacionais existentes.
O papel estratégico das NITs na política de inovação das instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Xavier dos Santos Suely , Brenner Barreto Miranda Ana Lúcia , Hermann Nodari Cristine , Froehlich Cristiane , Custódio de Sena David
Published: April 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar o papel estratégico dos NITs na elaboração das políticas de inovação das Instituições de Ensino Superior-IEs, nos Estados do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) e Paraíba (PB), bem como se as políticas das instituições atendem o art 15 da Lei 13.243/2016. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através de entrevistas com gestores e análise documental das políticas da inovação das instituições. Como resultados da pesquisa, percebeu-se o total apoio dos NITs na elaboração da Política da Inovação nas instituições. A participação da comunidade interna e externa na construção se deu através das discussões de minutas elaboradas pelos NITs e divulgadas em seus sites. O principal benefício da política da inovação é a proteção das criações e melhora da integração com as empresas privadas.
(Des)igualdade de género nos órgãos das cooperativas portuguesas: uma análise exploratória.
Authors: Deolinda Meira  , Martinho Ana Luísa , Castro Conceição
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo pretendemos refletir sobre os modos de estruturação do campo empírico da igualdade de género no seio das cooperativas em Portugal. A existência de uma conexão profunda e íntima entre o regime jurídico das cooperativas e a igualdade de género serviu de ponto de partida para este estudo. A igualdade constitui um valor estruturante do regime jurídico das cooperativas, em estrita ligação com os princípios cooperativos, com particular destaque para os princípios da gestão democrática, da adesão voluntária e livre, da educação, formação e informação e do interesse pela comunidade.

Para além de uma igualdade formal, que resulta da legislação cooperativa, dos estatutos e dos regulamentos internos da cooperativa, o estudo pretende averiguar se existe uma igualdade de gênero construída. Com esse fim, a partir de uma fonte secundária, procedemos à análise documental da Base de Dados do Portal de Credenciação, a qual representa 749 cooperativas com credencial válida à data de 30.11.2018, fornecida pela CASES – Cooperativa António Sérgio para a Economia Social. A Base de Dados resulta do fornecimento, por parte das próprias cooperativas, de informação relativa ao exercício de 2017, quanto ao: número de membros da Mesa da Assembleia-Geral, número de membros do Órgão de Administração e número de membros do Órgão de Fiscalização. Para o efeito, realizaram-se testes não paramétricos para avaliar se existem diferenças significativas nos papeis desempenhados por mulheres e homens nas cooperativas portuguesas e se essas diferem por ramo, região, dimensão e antiguidade da cooperativa. Os dados apresentados revelam uma hierarquização clara na participação das mulheres entre as três grandes categorias em análise. De forma decrescente, as mulheres assumem maior peso no trabalho voluntário (65,7%), seguido do trabalho remunerado (58,8%) (com uma sub-hierarquização entre mulheres não cooperadoras e cooperadoras) e, por fim, nos órgãos de administração e de fiscalização (22,9%).
Introdução à Economia do Subdesenvolvimento: elementos fundamentais das teorias clássicas do desenvolvimento
Authors: Bastos Carlos Pinkusfeld Monteiro de , Britto Gustavo
Published: April 2020

Este artigo foi originalmente publicado como introdução à nova edição revisada em português da obra clássica editada por A. N. Agarwala e S. P. Singh, A Economia do Subdesenvolvimento (Agarwala e Singh, 2010). O livro faz parte da série Desenvolvimento e Política Pública, publicada pelo Centro Internacional Celso Furtado de Políticas para o Desenvolvimento. Ao longo do tempo, a introdução à nova edição se tornou uma importante referência na literatura nacional sobre desenvolvimento econômico, por representar um prefácio à leitura de obras clássicas sobre desenvolvimento econômico. O artigo se inicia com uma discussão sintética da ideia de desenvolvimento no pensamento econômico, tendo como pano de fundo os condicionantes históricos do surgimento da teoria do desenvolvimento na segunda metade do século XX. Em seguida, discute-se detalhadamente os conceitos e eixos analíticos principais obra, procurando apresentar como eles aparecem nas contribuições de cada um dos autores. Finalmente, o artigo lista sucintamente algumas críticas e importantes contribuições teóricas posteriores para situar a relevância atual da contribuição dos pioneiros do pensamento desenvolvimentista. Sua reprodução na integra é feita com permissão do Centro Internacional Celso Furtado de Políticas para o Desenvolvimento e da Editora Contraponto.
Impactos econômicos da paralisação de parte da produção mineral em Minas Gerais decorrentes do desastre de barragem em Brumadinho
Authors: Paulo Domingues Edson , Souza Magalhães Aline , Freire Cardoso Débora , Cavalcante Simonato Thiago , Nahas Mariana
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo projetar os principais impactos econômicos gerados pela paralisação de parte da atividade minerária em Minas Gerais, decorrentes do desastre na barragem da empresa Vale em Brumadinho, ocorrido no dia 25 de janeiro de 2019. Os resultados apontam efeitos negativos em diversos setores de atividade econômica, tanto os ligados diretamente à atividade como indiretamente, a partir de demandas derivadas e da renda gerada pelo pagamento de salários e remunerações.  As projeções indicam uma queda no PIB do Estado de Minas Gerais decorrente do desastre na ordem de -0,47% no curto prazo e -0,6%, no longo prazo, além dos impactos negativos sobre o emprego, consumo das famílias e investimento. Discutimos também alternativas de reconversão produtiva para os municípios mineradores do estado.
Predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam zone, northwest, Ethiopia, 2017
Authors: Mera Habtamu Belew , Wubie Moges , Tizazu Getaye , Bitew Abebaw , Birlew Tesfa
Published: April 2020

Background: Tuberculosis is a serious health risk, for people living with human immune deficiency virus worldwide, and the burden of TB/HIV infection is still high in Ethiopia in particular. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam Zone, northwest, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based unmatched case-control study was employed to determine the predictors of tuberculosis infection among adults visiting anti-retroviral treatment center in East and West Gojjam Zone, Northwest, Ethiopia from March 7-April 15, 2017. A total of 552 participants were participated in the study (139 Cases and 413 controls). Cases were confirmed with active TB and infected HIV, and controls were HIV positive adults with non-TB. All cases in each health facility who confirmed by acid-fast bacilli, culture and gene expert were considered as TB positive. However, controls were selected by using simple random sampling technique through the above diagnostic criteria and the data were collected with Face to face interview as well as patient medical record were utilized, and the quality of the data were assured, checked, coded, cleaned and entered in EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for the analysis. Result: Of the total sample (556), just about 552(99.2%) were participated in the study among this 47.5% were females and 58.9% were rural. Behavioral and modifiable biological risk factors: alcohol users (AOR=2.33; 95%CI:1.34,4.07),BMI<18.5kg/m2 (AOR=3.03;95%CI:1.79,5.14), CD4 count ≤200 cells/µl (AOR=2.34;95%CI:1.89,2.79) and between 201-499 cells/µl (AOR=2.63; 95%CI: 1.01,6.84), bedridden and ambulatory (AOR=3.3;95%CI:1.70,6.29 and AOR=8.2;95%CI:4.34,15.64),respectively. TB history in the family (AOR=3.00; 95%CI: 1.57, 5.74) were predictors for TB infection. Taking CPT (AOR=0.36; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.62) and having early WHO clinical stage I or II (AOR=0.34; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.56) had protective effect against TB infection. Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that alcohol users, BMI<18.5kg/m², CD4 count <499 cells/µl, bedridden and ambulatory and TB history were highly associated in TB-HIV co-infected adults. Strengthen screening more frequently, CPT Prophlaxysis and treated promptly important to reduce TB co-morbidity.
Mortality among children under five years admitted for routine care of severe acute malnutrition: a prospective cohort study from Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nalwanga Damalie , Musiime Victor , Kizito Samuel , Kiggundu John Baptist , Batte Anthony , Musoke Philippa , Tumwine James K
Published: April 2020

Background: Mortality among children under five years of age admitted to malnutrition units in sub-Saharan Africa remains high. The burden of HIV infection, a major risk factor for mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), has reduced due to concerted prevention and treatment strategies. None the less, anecdotal reports from the malnutrition unit at Uganda’s National Referral Hospital (NRH) indicate that there is high mortality among patients with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in routine care. Uganda has recently adopted the revised World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines for SAM to improve outcomes. The mortality among children with SAM in routine care has not been recently elucidated. We report the magnitude and factors associated with mortality among children under five years of age admitted to the NRH for routine care of SAM.Methods: This was a cohort study of all severely malnourished children admitted to the NRH between June and October 2017. The primary outcome was two-week mortality. Mortality was calculated using simple proportions and Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with time to mortality. Data was entered into Epidata and analysed using Stata v14. Results: Two-hundred-sixty (98.5%) children: 59.6% male; mean age 14.4 (SD 9.4) months, completed two weeks of follow-up. Of these, 25.2 % (95% CI 19.9-30.4%) died. In-hospital mortality was 20.7% (95% CI15.9-25.6%). The prevalence of HIV infection was 12.2%. Factors associated with mortality included: positive HIV status (AHR 2.2, (95% CI; 1.2-4.2), p=0.014), bacteraemia (AHR 9 (95% CI 3.4-23.0), p<0.001, and low glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), AHR 3.2; (95% CI 1.7-6.3), p=0.001). Conclusions: A 25% mortality among children with severe malnutrition remains unacceptably high despite significant reduction in HIV prevalence. Children with SAM who are HIV infected, have eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 or have bacteraemia, are more likely to die. Further studies to explore the relationship between eGFR and mortality among children with SAM are needed. Studies to establish efficacious antibiotics are urgently required to inform treatment guidelines for children with SAM.
Prospective study on the effect of abdominal hypertension on intestinal mucosal barrier injury during laparoscopic surgery
Authors: yang yong , kang Xin , Yang Xingjian , Hu Yi , Chen Rong , Xu Lin , Zhou YU , Zhao Liangsong , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2020

Background Prolonged and high intraperitoneal pressure may lead to impaired intestinal mucosal blood perfusion, increase the risk of surgery and complications, and affect the postoperative recovery of patients. However, the literature reports on the effect of abdominal hypertension on gastrointestinal function mainly focus on animal experiments, and there are few clinical reports. Our study intends to explore the effect of increased CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure during laparoscopy on intestinal mucosal barrier injury. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 180 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the First People's Hospital of Shuangliu District, Chengdu from October 2017 to March 2018. A randomized，single-blind，controlled study was performed in the 180 patients who were allocated into the 10 mmHg group(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)，12 mmHg group and 15 mmHg group based on a random number table and setting value of intraoperative CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure (10 mmHg，12 mmHg and 15 mmHg)．Main observation indexes such as intraoperative conditions and postoperative recovery were recorded, and the results of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), D-lactic acid, blood endotoxin levels，plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity were detected. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (`x+S), and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups. The measurement data with non-normal distribution are represented by M (QR) and non-parametric test is adopted, count data were presented as the n(%), and comparison among groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Results 180 patients were screened out, 60 patients in each group. Eight patients dropped out during the study (2 in 10 mmHg group, 1 in 12 mmHg group and 5 in 15 mmHg group). All patients in the three groups were cured and discharged without bleeding, secondary bile duct stones, bile leakage and reoperation. There was no significant difference in serum TNF-a, IL-1, D-lactic acid, endotoxin level and plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) among the three groups after operation (P>0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery under 15 mmHg CO2 pneumoperitoneum did not cause intestinal mucosal barrier damage, and the operation under the pneumoperitoneum was safe and reliable. Registry：This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registry number of ChiCTR1900023936.Registered 19 June ，2019（retrospectively registered）.
Do memories of the Ebola Virus Disease outbreak influence post-Ebola health seeking behaviour in Guéckédou district (epicentre) in Guinea? A cross-sectional study of children with febrile illness
Authors: CAMARA Bienvenu Salim , Okumura Junko , Delamou Alexandre
Published: April 2020

Background The 2013–2015 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Guinea resulted in community mistrust that influenced health care service utilization. This study aimed to assess whether EVD-related memories affect post-outbreak health-seeking behaviours for children under five years of age with febrile illnesses in Guéckédou district, Guinea. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing caregivers of children under five years of age in the sub-district most affected by the EVD outbreak (Guèndembou) and the least affected sub-district (Bolodou) in Guéckédou district. Memories of the outbreak were referred to as EVD-related fears in the post-EVD period, which was based on a series of questions regarding current feelings. Results More caregivers in Guèndembou (19.9%; n=39) reported the death of family members or friends due to EVD compared to Bolodou (6.9%; n=14; P<0.001). The mean EVD fear score of caregivers was significantly higher in Guèndembou (3.0; SD: 3.0) than in Bolodou (2.0; SD: 1.1) (p<0.001). Caregivers with a fear score above the median were 1.68 times more likely to seek care than those whose fear score was equal to or below the median; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Caregivers who reported family members’ or friends’ death due to EVD were also more likely to seek care (AOR=2.12; 95%CI: 0.91-4.91), however, with no statistical significance. Only residing in the EVD-most affected sub-district of Guèndembou (AOR=1.74; 95%CI: 1·09-2.79) was positively associated with seeking care.Conclusions This study reveals that community members in the rural district of Guéckédou still live with fear related to EVD nearly two years after the outbreak. It calls for more efforts in the health domain to preserve communities’ key values and address the psychosocial effect of EVD in rural Guinea.
Effects of ambient temperature and air pollutants on bacillary dysentery from 2014 to 2017 in Lanzhou, China
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Zhang Wei , Cui Xudong , Ma Hanping , Liu Yanchen , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Xiangkai , Li Sheng , Ren Xiaowei
Published: April 2020

Background : Previous studies have always focused on the impact of various meteorological factors on bacillary dysentery (BD). However, only few studies have investigated the effects of climate and air pollutants on BD incidence simultaneously. This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and air pollutants on BD in Lanzhou. Methods: Daily data of BD cases and environmental factors from 2014 to 2017 were collected. A generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted to explore the relationship between environmental factors and BD. Then a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was developed to assess the lag and cumulative effect. Furthermore, this study explored the variability across gender and age groups. Results: A total of 7102 cases of BD were notified over the study period. High temperature can significantly increase the risk of BD during the whole lag period, temperature has different exposure effects on different genders and age groups. With 9℃ as the reference value, each 1℃ rise in temperature result in a 4.8% (RR=1.048, 95%CI: 0.996, 1.103) increase in the number of cases BD at lag 0 day. With 50μg/m 3 as the reference value, each 5μg/m 3 rise in PM2.5 caused a 11.3% (RR=1.113, 95%CI: 1.066, 1.162) increase in the number of BD cases at lag 0. Low concentration of PM10 in the lag of 10-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD, while high concentration PM10 in the lag of 6-14 days can significantly increase the risk of BD. Conclusions: Temperature, PM2.5 and PM10 are closely related to the incidence of bacillary dysentery. Our findings suggest adaptation plans that target vulnerable populations in susceptible communities should be developed to reduce health risks.
Nilotinib, a Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitor, induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in breast cancer
Authors: Yu Shufang , Wang Shuang , Xie Yanping , Bao Aina , Li Jing , Ye Tingting , Yang Chu , Lin Bin , Yang Minghua
Published: April 2020

Background: Overexpression of Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) is known to enhance the malignancy of breast cancer considerably. This study reports the identification of a potent DDR1 inhibitor, Nilotinib for the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Nilotinib and meantime we used flow cytometry to evaluate the pro-apoptotic activity of Nilotinib against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Expression of DDR1 was manipulated in MCF-7 cell lines with low level DDR1 expression by transfecting with plasmids containing by shRNA. The effect of DDR1 or treatment with Nilotinib on cell migration was assayed. The expression of p-DDR1, DDR1, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2 and E-cadherin，Vimentin, Snail1 were detected by western blot and immuno-fluorescent staining.Results: Nilotinib against MCF-7 (IC50=0.403 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50=0.819 μM) and also indicated induced apoptotic cell death after co-cuturing with Nilotinib (500 nM), apoptosis rate is 29.60 % ± 2.19% and 18.75 % ± 2.30% respectively. Moreover, Nilotinib effectually blocked cellular migration of MCF-7. Interestingly, Knock-down DDR1 could significantly block the migration of breast cancer, meantime the sensitivity of MCF-7 to Nilotinib was reduced.Conclusion: Targeting DDR1 therapeutically could potentially affect survival and influence metabolism in breast cancer, and Nilotinib could as a candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
Is Opium Use Associated with an Increased Risk of Lung Cancer? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Tahami Ahmad Naghibzadeh , Marzban Maryam , Feyzabadi Vahid Yazdi , Dabiri Shahryar , Mohseni Shokrollah , Rayeni Reza Abbasi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , karimpoor Behnaz , Khanjani Narges
Published: April 2020

Background: In recent years, lung cancer (LC) incidence has increased in Iran. The use of opium and its derivatives (O&D) has increased as well. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of O&D and LC incidence.Methods: In this case-control study conducted in Kerman, Iran; 140 patients with lung cancer and 280 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including O&D use, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and LC was evaluated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, and hydrogenated fats.Results: Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of LC (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 7.95, 95% CI: 3.78 -16.73). Participants were divided into low and high use groups based on the median of opium use in the control group, which was 87.5 grams-years. A significant dose-response relation was observed between the use of O&D; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR low users = 7.47, 95% CI: 2.33-23.98 and AOR high users= 11.57, 95% CI: 2.25-59.49). Also, LC was higher among participants starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 41 years old vs never users, AOR = 5.78, 95 % CI: 2.36 - 14.14) compared to those who started at an older age ( 41 years old vs never users, AOR = 3.93, 95 % CI: 1.22 - 12.62).Conclusion: The results of this study show that opium can be considered as a strong dose-related risk factor for LC. Thus, stronger policies should be implemented to reduce the use of opium in Iran and other world countries.
Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Among Prisoners and General Population in Zomba, Malawi
Authors: Singano Victor Hamilton , Kip Esther , Ching’ani Wilson , Chiwaula Lawrence
Published: April 2020

Background TB remains a major global health problem. it is particularly prevalent in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa. Prisoners have experienced worse TB treatment outcomes than the general population. The researchers investigated the TB treatment outcomes and pre d ictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among prisoners and the general population. Methods We retrospectively reviewed TB registers of prisoners and the general population diagnosed with TB from January 2011 to December 2016 at Zomba Maximum Central Prison and Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. The study used routinely collected data extracted from national, standardized TB treatment monitoring tools. Successful treatment outcome was classified as the total for cured and completed treatment while unsuccessful treatment outcome was classified as the total of deaths and treatment failures. We used descriptive statistics to compare the demographics and TB treatment parameters among prisoners and non – prisoners and computed multivariate analysis to predict the independent factors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes. Results Of 1652 registered cases, 27% were prisoners (all males) and 72% were non-prisoners (58 % males). The median age was 35 years (IQR: 29 - 42); 76 % were Pulmonary TB cases (78 % among prisoners vs 75% among non-prisoners); 83 % were new TB cases (77% among prisoners vs 86% among non-prisoners); and 65 % were HIV positive (50 % among prisoners vs 71% among non – prisoners). Regarding treatment outcome, 1472 (89%) were cured and/or completed treatment (93% among prisoners vs 88 % among non – prisoners), 2 (0.2%) were treatment failures, 122 (8%) died (5 % among prisoners vs 8 % among non – prisoners) and 55 (3%) were not evaluated (1% among prisoners vs 4% among non – prisoners). Unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were associated with age greater than 35 years (aOR = 0.68: 95% C.I: 0.58 – 0.80), Extra-Pulmonary TB (aOR=1.69: 95% C.I: 1.08 – 2.63) andHIV positive status (aOR = 0.63: 95 % C.I: 0.42 – 0.94). Conclusion Maximum prisons provide a stable population that can be easily monitored during TB treatment. Good TB treatment outcomes comparable to the general population can be achieved among prisoners despite the challenging prison conditions.
Effect of rTMS on Parkinson's Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Yi , Guo Zhiwei , McClure Morgan A. , He Lin , Mu Qiwen
Published: April 2020

Background: To evaluate the effects and optimal parameters of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognition function of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and to estimate which cognitive function may obtain more benefits from rTMS. Method: The articles dealing with rTMS on cognition of PD patients were retrieved from the databases until April 2019. Two researchers selected research papers, evaluated their quality, extracted data, and cross-checked them according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) of cognitive outcome for different parameters, scales, and cognitive functions were estimated. Results: Fourteen studies involving 173 subjects were included in the study. A significant effect size was observed with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for the global cognitive outcome based on the evidence of four published articles. Further subtests for different cognitive domains demonstrated prominent effect for the executive function. The significant effect sizes for executive function were found with multiple sessions of high-frequency rTMS over frontal cortex, especially over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). All of the other cognitive domains including memory, attention, and language ability did not obtain significant effects. Conclusions: Multiple sessions of high-requency rTMS over the DLPFC may have positive effect on executive function in PD patients. Further well designed studies with large sample sizes are needed to verify our results and ascertain the long-term effects of rTMS.
Access to and Use of Health and Social Services among People who Inject Drugs in two urban areas of Mozambique, 2014: Qualitative Results from a Formative Assessment
Authors: Dengo-Baloi Liliana Candida , Boothe Makini Aida , Semá-Baltazar Cynthia Amino , Sathane Isabel , Langa Denise Chitsondzo , Condula Manuel , Ricardo Helena , Inguane Celso , Teodoro Eugénia , Gouveia Lídia , Raymond Henry F. , Horth Roberta
Published: April 2020

Background: Prior to 2014, data about health seeking behaviors or service uptake for People who inject drugs (PWID) in Mozambique did not exist. We present the results from the formative assessment component of the Biological and Behavioral Survey (BBS). Methods: Standardized interview guides were used during key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) in Maputo and Nampula/Nacala to discuss issues related to risk behaviors and access to and utilization of health and social services by PWID. The target sample size was not defined a priori, but instead KII and FGD were conducted until responses reached saturation. Data analysis was based on the principles of grounded theory related to qualitative research. Results: Eighty-eight respondents, ages 15 to 60, participated in KIIs and FGDs. Participants were majority male from diverse income and education levels and included current and former PWID, non-injection drug users, health and social service providers, peer educators, and community health workers. Respondents reported that PWID engage in high-risk behaviors such as needle and syringe sharing, exchange of sex for drugs or money, and low condom use. According to participants, PWID would rather rent, share or borrow injection equipment at shooting galleries than purchase them due to stigma, fear of criminalization, transportation and purchase costs, restricted pharmacy hours, personal preference for needle sharing, and immediacy of drug need. Barriers to access and utilization of health and social services include distance, requirements to represent identification documents and fear of criminalization, the limited availability of programs for PWID, lack of knowledge of the few programs that exist, concerns about the quality of care provided by health providers, lack of readiness as a result of addiction and perceived stigma related to the use of mental health services offering treatment to PWID. Conclusions: Mozambique urgently needs to establish specialized harm reduction programs for PWID and improve awareness of available resources. Services should be located in hot spot areas to address issues related to distance, transportation and the planning required for safe injection. Specific attention should go to the creation of PWID-focused health and social services outside of state-sponsored psychiatric treatment centers.
ApoE and apoC-III-defined HDL subtypes: A descriptive study of their LCAT and CETP content and activity
Authors: Amaya-Montoya Mateo , Pinzón-Cortés Jairo A , Silva-Bermúdez Lina S , Ruiz-Manco Daniel , Perez-Matos Maria C , Jimenez-Mora Mario A , Mendivil Carlos O
Published: April 2020

Background High-density lipoproteins (HDL) functionality predicts cardiovascular risk better than HDL concentrations. The apolipoprotein composition of HDL may be a determinant of their function. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) are key enzymes for HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. We assessed the distribution and activity of LCAT and CETP in HDL subspecies defined by their content of apolipoproteins E (apoE) and C-III (apoC-III) in humans. Methods We isolated in 18 adult humans of both sexes (mean age 55.6, BMI 26.9 Kg/m2, HbA1c 5.4%), four subspecies of HDL containing respectively: No apoE and no apoC-III (E-C-), apoE but not apoC-III (E+C-), apoC-III but no apoE (E-C+) and both apoE and apoC-III (E+C+). In each HDL subspecies, we measured LCAT and CETP concentration and activity using immunoenzymatic and fluorometric methods. Additionally, we determined the size distribution of HDL in each apolipoprotein-defined fraction using non-denaturing electrophoresis and anti-ApoA-I western blot. Results Similar to previous studies, HDL in the E-C- fraction was the predominant subtype. The size distribution of HDL was very similar across all four apolipoprotein-defined fractions. LCAT was most abundant in E-C- HDL (3.58 mg/mL, 59.6 % of plasma LCAT mass), while HDL with apoE or apoC-III had much less LCAT (19.8%, 12.2% and 8.37% of plasma LCAT respectively for E+C-, E-C+ and E+C+). LCAT mass was lower in E+C- HDL relative to E-C- HDL, but LCAT activity was similar in both fractions, signaling a greater activity-to-mass ratio associated with the presence of apoE. Both CETP mass and CETP activity showed only slight variations across HDL subspecies. There was an inverse correlation between plasma LCAT activity and both E-C+ pre-beta HDL (r=-0.55, p=0.017) and E-C- alpha 1 HDL (r=-0.49, p=0.041). Conversely, there was a direct correlation between E-C+ alpha 1 HDL and CETP activity in plasma (r=0.52, p=0.025). Conclusions Our results suggest that LCAT activity in humans is influenced by the presence of small interchangeable apolipoproteins. The presence of apoE in small HDL is correlated with increased LCAT activity and esterification of plasma cholesterol.
Structural equation modelling the ‘control of gut overgrowth’ in the prevention of ICU acquired Gram-negative infection.
Authors: Hurley James C
Published: April 2020

Background: Conceptually, the ‘control of gut overgrowth’ (COGO) is key in mediating prevention against infection with Gram-negative bacilli by topical antibiotic prophylaxis, a common constituent of Selective Digestive Decontamination (SDD) regimens. However, the relative importance of the other SDD components; enteral and protocolized parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis, versus other methods of infection prevention and versus other contextual exposures cannot be resolved within individual studies. Methods: Seven candidate generalized structural equation models founded on COGO concepts were confronted with Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter bacteremia as well as ventilator associated pneumonia data derived from >200 infection prevention studies. The following group level exposures were included in the models; use and mode of antibiotic prophylaxis, antiseptic and non-decontamination methods of infection prevention; proportion receiving mechanical ventilation; trauma ICU; mean length of ICU stay and concurrency versus non-concurrency of topical antibiotic prophylaxis study control groups. Results: In modelling Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter gut overgrowth as latent variables, anti-septic interventions had the strongest negative effect against Pseudomonas gut overgrowth but no intervention was significantly negative against Acinetobacter gut overgrowth. Strikingly, protocolized parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis and concurrency each have positive effects in the model, enteral antibiotic prophylaxis is neutral and Acinetobacter bacteremia incidences are high within topical antibiotic prophylaxis studies, moreso with protocolized parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis exposure. Paradoxically, topical antibiotic prophylaxis (moreso with protocolized parenteral antibiotic prophylaxis) appears to provide the strongest summary prevention effects against overall bacteremia and overall VAP. Conclusions: Structural equation modelling of published Gram-negative bacilli infection data enables a test of the COGO concept. Paradoxically, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas bacteremia incidences are unusually high among studies of topical antibiotic prophylaxis.
Relationship Between The Place Of Living And Mortality In Patients With Advanced Heart Failure.
Authors: Munoz Miguel-Angel , Garcia Raquel , Navas Elena , Duran Julio , Val-Garcia José-Luis Del , Verdú-Rotellar Jose-Maria
Published: April 2020

Background Social and environmental factors in advanced heart failure (HF) patients may be crucial to cope with the end stages of the disease. This study analyzes health inequalities and mortality according to place of residence (rural vs urban) in HF patients at advanced stages of the disease.Methods Population-based cohort study including 1148 adult patients with HF attended in 279 primary care centers. Patients were followed for at least one year after reaching New York Heart Association IV functional class, between 2010 and 2014.Data came from primary care electronic medical records. Cox regression models were applied to determine the hazard ratios (HR) of mortality. Results Mean age was 81.6 (SD 8.9) years, and 62% were women. Patients in rural areas were older, particularly women aged >74 years (p=0.036), and presented lower comorbidity. Mortality percentages were 59% and 51% among rural and urban patients, respectively (p=0.030). Urban patients living in the most socio-economically deprived neighborhoods presented the highest rate of health service utilization, particularly with primary care nurses (p-trend <0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed that men (HR 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.90), older patients (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06), Charlson comorbidity index (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.22), and residing in rural areas (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.67) was associated with higher mortality risk.Conclusions Living in rural areas determines an increased risk of mortality in patients at final stages of heart failure.
Open versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Yueying , Luo Wenqi , Wu Guangzhi , Cui Shusen , Zhang Zhan , Gu Xiaossong
Published: April 2020

Background: Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) and open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) both have advantages and disadvantages for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). We compared the effectiveness and safety of ECTR and OCTR based on evidence from a high-level randomized controlled trial. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline to identify relevant articles published until August 2019. Data regarding operative time, grip strength, Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores, digital sensation, patient satisfaction, key pinch strength, return to work time, and complications were extracted and compared. All mean differences (MD) and odds ratios (OR) were expressed as ECTR relative to OCTR. Results: Twenty-eight studies were included in our meta-analysis. ECTR was associated with significantly higher satisfaction rates (MD, 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43 to 4.82; P = 0.0003), greater key pinch strengths (MD, 0.79 kg; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.32; P = 0.003), earlier return to work times (MD, -7.25 days; 95% CI, -14.31 to -0.19; P = 0.04), higher transient nerve injury rates (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.37 to 17.25; P = 0.01), and a lower incidence of scar-related complications (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.59; P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between the two methods in terms of permanent nerve injury (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.58 to 6.40; P = 0.28). Conclusions: Overall, evidence from randomized controlled trials indicates that ECTR results in better recovery of daily life functions than OCTR, as revealed by higher satisfaction rates, greater key pinch strengths, earlier return to work times, and fewer scar-related complications. Our findings suggest that patients with CTS can be effectively managed with ECTR.