bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Nogo-A Gene Polymorphisms with Cerebral Palsy in Southern China: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Wang Yuxin , He Lu , Huang Jingyu , Li Jinling , Liu Liru , Xu Yunxian , Peng Tingting , Yang Xubo , Zhao Yiting , Fu Chaoqiong , Huang Shiya , Tang Hongmei , Xu Kaishou
Published: November 2022

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor and postural disorder syndrome caused by the nonprogressive dysfunction of the developing brain. Previous studies strongly indicated that the Nogo-A gene might be related to the pathogenesis of CP. The objective of this research was to explore the relationship between Nogo-A polymorphisms (rs1012603, rs12464595, and rs2864052) and CP in Southern China. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) testing, allele and genotype frequencies analysis, and haplotype association analysis were applied to the genotyping of 592 CP children and 600 controls. The results showed that the allele and genotype frequencies of rs1012603 of CP group were significantly different from the control group. The haplotype “TTGGG” was significantly associated with an increased risk of CP. The allele frequencies of rs1012603 were significant differences between CP with spastic diplegia, female CP cases, and controls. Furthermore, significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were also noticed between GMFCS I of CP and controls for rs1012603, and significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies were observed between the ADL (>9) of CP and controls for rs1012603 and rs12464595. This study showed that the SNPs rs1012603 of Nogo-A were significantly correlated with CP, and the correlations were also found in spastic diplegia, GMFCS I of CP, ADL (>9) of CP, and female subgroups, indicating that Nogo-A might mainly affect mild types of CP and there might be sex-related differences.
Substrate Ablation by Multivein, Multiballoon Coronary Venous Ethanol for Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Valderrábano Miguel , Fuentes Rojas Stephanie C. , Lador Adi , Patel Apoor , Schurmann Paul A. , Tapias Carlos , Rodríguez Diego , Carlos Sáenz Luis , Malahfji Maan , Shah Dipan J. , Mathuria Nilesh , Dave Amish S.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of structural heart disease often requires extensive substrate elimination that is not always achievable by endocardial radiofrequency ablation. Epicardial ablation is not always feasible. Case reports suggest that venous ethanol ablation (VEA) through a multiballoon, multivein approach can lead to effective substrate ablation, but large data sets are lacking.

Methods:

VEA was performed in 44 consecutive patients with ablation-refractory VT (ischemic, n=21; sarcoid, n=3; Chagas, n=2; idiopathic, n=18). Targeted veins were selected by mapping coronary veins on the epicardial aspect of endocardial scar (identified by bipolar voltage <1.5 mV), using venography and signal recording with a 2F octapolar catheter or by guidewire unipolar signals. Epicardial mapping was performed in 15 patients. Vein segments in the epicardial aspect of VT substrates were treated with double-balloon VEA by blocking flow with 1 balloon while injecting ethanol through the lumen of the second balloon, forcing (and restricting) ethanol between balloons. Multiple balloon deployments and multiple veins were used as needed. In 22 patients, late gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaged the VEA scar and its evolution.

Results:

Median ethanol delivered was 8.75 (interquartile range, 4.5–13) mL. Injected veins included interventricular vein (6), diagonal (5), septal (12), lateral (16), posterolateral (7), and middle cardiac vein (8), covering the entire range of left ventricular locations. Multiple veins were targeted in 14 patients. Ablated areas were visualized intraprocedurally as increased echogenicity on intracardiac echocardiography and incorporated into 3-dimensional maps. After VEA, vein and epicardial ablation maps showed elimination of abnormal electrograms of the VT substrate. Intracardiac echocardiography demonstrated increased intramural echogenicity at the targeted region of the 3-dimensional maps. At 1 year of follow-up, median of 314 (interquartile range, 198–453) days of follow-up, VT recurrence occurred in 7 patients, for a success of 84.1%.

Conclusions:

Multiballoon, multivein intramural ablation by VEA can provide effective substrate ablation in patients with ablation-refractory VT in the setting of structural heart disease over a broad range of left ventricular locations.
The Supply Side of Climate Policies: Keeping Unburnable Fossil Fuels in the Ground
Authors: Pellegrini Lorenzo , Arsel Murat
Published: November 2022

As the urgency of responding to climate change and the insufficiency of current demand-side policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions become clearer, supply-side initiatives are beginning to gain prominence and acceptance globally. Policies such as moratoria and compensation for leaving fossil fuels unextracted in exchange for financial compensation of rights owners are likely to be effective and complementary to existing policies. A number of unknowns remain regarding the operationalization of supply-side policies, such as how to establish a binding international agreement and how to raise and allocate financial compensation for nonextraction. Nevertheless, the need for supply-side policies only emphasizes the importance of imaginative and bold initiatives within the current conjuncture of global environmental politics.
Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge When Perspectives Conflict
Authors: Yeung Emanuela , Askitis Dimitrios , Manea Velisar , Southgate Victoria
Published: November 2022

The capacity to take another’s perspective appears to be present from early in life, with young infants ostensibly able to predict others’ behaviour even when the self and other perspective are at odds. Yet, infants’ abilities are difficult to reconcile with the well-known problems that older children have with ignoring their own perspective. Here we show that it is the development of the self-perspective, at around 18 months, that creates a perspective conflict between self and other during a non-verbal perspective-tracking scenario. Using mirror self-recognition as a measure of self-awareness and pupil dilation to index conflict processing, our results show that mirror recognisers perceive greater conflict during action anticipation, specifically in a high inhibitory demand condition, in which conflict between self and other should be particularly salient.
Rethinking Forests Governance as Global Commons: Devolution of Quasi-Property Rights to Indigenous Communities
Authors: Lorenzini Sara
Published: November 2022

An increasing wave of « green capitalism » (Alper, 1993; Barron, 2005) undermines both environmental sustainability and democratic engagement worldwide: the forestry sector stands as a perfect example. Indeed, « green » policies like redd+ programmes and protected areas, often curb bottom-up participation and reduce forests’ multiple functions to the economic interests of few, contrarily to what the discourse on Sustainability calls for.

This paper aims to develop an alternative proposal for a multi-stakeholder model for forest governance that overcomes the public v. private dichotomy (Ostrom, 2010) and constitutes a tool for a broader approach to sustainability. By linking the discourse on the commons (Arnold, 1998; Agrawal & Ostrom, 1999; Hardin, 1968; Dietz, Ostrom and Stern, 2003; Dolsak, Ostrom & McKay, 2003; Ellickinson, 1993; Ostrom, 1990, 1999, 2005, 2010; Ostrom, Gardner and Walker, 1994; Ostrom&Ostrom, 1977) with the discourse on justice (Rawls, 1971; Sen, 1980, 1999, 2009; Anderson, 1999, 2010; Goodin, 1988), I construct an argument for a two-level social contract. Forest-dependent Indigenous communities are entitled with quasi-property rights as part of their capabilities set, so they may become trustees of the global forests. Evidences about the Yanesha peoples in Perù and the Binh Son villagers in Vietnam back up the argument that communities can establish micro-social conventions as a response to lands’ occupation and forests’ degradation.

This framework is aimed at both policy-makers and civil society to (i) justify and design decision- and policy-making and (ii) evaluate existing policies. Implementing it requires a paradigm shift from State-centred and neoliberal agenda towards innovative solutions in the name of sustainability and global justice.
The First 30 Years of GEWEX
Authors: Stephens Graeme , Polcher Jan , Zeng Xubin , van Oevelen Peter , Poveda Germán , Bosilovich Michael , Ahn Myoung-Hwan , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Duan Qingyun , Hegerl Gabriele , Jakob Christian , Lamptey Benjamin , Leung Ruby , Piles Maria , Su Zhongbo , Dirmeyer Paul , Findell Kirsten L. , Verhoef Anne , Ek Michael , L’Ecuyer Tristan , Roca Rémy , Nazemi Ali , Dominguez Francina , Klocke Daniel , Bony Sandrine
Published: November 2022

The Global Energy and Water Cycle Exchanges (GEWEX) project was created more than 30 years ago within the framework of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). The aim of this initiative was to address major gaps in our understanding of Earth’s energy and water cycles given a lack of information about the basic fluxes and associated reservoirs of these cycles. GEWEX sought to acquire and set standards for climatological data on variables essential for quantifying water and energy fluxes and for closing budgets at the regional and global scales. In so doing, GEWEX activities led to a greatly improved understanding of processes and our ability to predict them. Such understanding was viewed then, as it remains today, essential for advancing weather and climate prediction from global to regional scales. GEWEX has also demonstrated over time the importance of a wider engagement of different communities and the necessity of international collaboration for making progress on understanding and on the monitoring of the changes in the energy and water cycles under ever increasing human pressures. This paper reflects on the first 30 years of evolution and progress that has occurred within GEWEX. This evolution is presented in terms of three main phases of activity. Progress toward the main goals of GEWEX is highlighted by calling out a few achievements from each phase. A vision of the path forward for the coming decade, including the goals of GEWEX for the future, are also described.
Growth Communication Strategies in the Digital Age
Authors: Coll-Rubio Patricia , Carbonell Josep Maria
Published: November 2022

This article analyzes growth strategies in the context of digital transformation in all political, social, and economic scopes that were accelerated by the pandemic. The article also focuses on the specific case of digital native brands which have emerged in a disruptive way. The study was carried out by using electronic surveys from April 2020 to November 2021 of 50 professionals in leading technology companies and startups. The study takes into account the results obtained in research carried out during the last 8 years by combining both the methods of in-depth interviews and documentary analysis in tracking the strategies of technology companies. The results show that growth strategies in digital economy are focused on decision making based on data combined with creative actions such as digital content, influencer marketing, media, events, and newsjacking. This growth strategy is applicable to all areas, especially politics.
Spectroscopic Investigations for the Dating of Paper from the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Pigorsch Enrico , Obenaus Hanna
Published: November 2022

The knowledge of the detailed material composition of paper can help art historians, archivist, librarians, paper historians, and conservators to determine the possible age of a document or a work of art. The dating of paper by the identification of specific paper components is especially applicable to paper from the 19th century. In this era, many changes in the paper production technology occurred and new raw materials were introduced in relatively short time intervals. ATR-IR and Raman spectroscopic measurements were used to analyze the chemical composition and structure of papers from the 19th century. The infrared spectra showed the general material composition of the papers. More specific information on the different paper components and their distribution in the paper were obtained by Raman microscopic measurements. The resulting Raman images visualize the detailed chemical structure of the papers including all components such as paper fibers, filler pigments, sizing agents, and color pigments. Special emphasis was made on the spectroscopic identification of different paper fiber types, like straw, esparto, and sulphite and sulfate chemical wood pulp, which were introduced to paper production during the second half of the 19th century. It could be shown that the specific spectral differences in the Raman spectra of the different paper fiber types are related to different amounts of hemicellulose xylan compounds on or in the cellulose fibers.
“I Don’t Want to Be a Statistic”: Racial-Criminal Stigma, Redemption Bids, and Redemptive Generativity
Authors: Fader Jamie J. , Henson Abigail , Brey Jesse
Published: November 2022

Within the context of racial caste and the “stickiness” of criminal labels, men struggle to craft positive masculine identities. Contesting racial-criminal stigma requires men of color to challenge controlling images of violent Black men. Analyzing narratives of 45 millennial men in Philadelphia, we identify redemption bids and redemptive generativity as ways of defying social stigma. Redemption, which has been highlighted in the desistance literature, is a central concern of the men of color we studied, regardless of prior law-breaking or system involvement. Because a criminal history is presumed regardless of past behavior, many men of color engage in performances of “making good” similar to those who were actively engaged in the work of desistance.
School Policing, Climate, and Safety: The Challenges for Local Policy Makers in Urban Districts
Authors: Reynolds Heather M. , Astor Ron Avi
Published: November 2022

Currently, there is a national level debate on security-based school safety policies and practices, particularly in relation to the presence of police in schools. Decisions about school safety are discussed at the district level by administrators and board of education members who may not be aware of the importance of utilizing local data to ensure these decisions are data driven and beneficial to all the stakeholders they represent in diverse, urban districts. Research on security, policing, and social-emotional and school climate-based strategies are discussed, as is research on district-level decision-makers (boards of education and administrators) and decision making. This paper provides local school stakeholders, policy makers, and school safety researchers with a framework for collaborative work to ensure that evidence-based violence prevention programming and local data drive district-level decision making about school safety.
Evaluation of Pharmacy Resident-Driven Medication Reconciliation on Patients at High Risk of Hospital Readmission
Authors: Phelps Katrina M. , Langenderfer Rachel L. , NeSmith Brittany B. , Ritter Megan S. , Timmons Matthew L. , McDonald Evan M. , Servais Taylor K.
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Pharmacists play a key role in preventing medication errors during transitions of care and preventing hospital readmissions through medication reconciliation (MR) programs. This study retrospectively evaluated the implementation of a standardized pharmacy residentdriven MR program for patients at high risk for readmission as defined by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP). Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cross sectional study of a pharmacy resident-driven MR program including patients at high risk of readmission defined by HRRP. The primary objective was to determine the number of inpatient regimen interventions identified during the MR. Secondary objectives include severity of interventions, number of medication discrepancies identified, types of interventions and discrepancies identified, and all-cause hospital readmission rates within 30 days of discharge.. Results: Fifty-three high-risk patients were included in the study. Pharmacy intervention recommendations were accepted by prescribers for nine patients (9/53; 17.0%) with a total of 13 accepted inpatient regimen interventions. The two most commonly identified medication classes for interventions were anticonvulsants (3/13; 23.1%) and antidepressants (6/13; 46.2%). Discrepancies on the admission MR were identified for 46 (46/53; 86.8%) patients with a median of three discrepancies per patient (interquartile range 2-4). The most common type of discrepancy was an incorrect or unnecessary drug. The 30-day all-cause readmission rate was 35.8% (19/53) for the total patient Conclusion: A pharmacy-resident driven MR program provided value in clarifying prior to admission medications and may help prevent drugrelated adverse events.
An active disturbance rejection synchronous control strategy based on cross compensation for stepper motor XY platform
Authors: Chen Guangda , Xue Ruonan , Song Chao , Liu Dejun , Ren Letian , Cheng Yanming
Published: November 2022

In view of the system uncertainty factors and bilateral drive synchronization problems of XY platform driven by stepping motor, on the basis of the mathematical model of single axis servo system, in order to improve traceability and disturbance rejection in X,Y direction, a double loop structure with PID controller as speed loop and active disturbance rejection as position loop is proposed to solve the contradiction between rapidity and overshoot, moreover, an ESO performance analysis method is proposed, and the parameter tuning rules of ADRC is summarized. On this basis, a deviation self-coupling compensation control strategy is proposed to solve the problem of bilateral drive synchronization in axis X direction, and the mechanism and parameter adjusting method of the compensator are studied. The comparative experiment between ADRC+PID+deviation self-coupling compensation and PID+PID+deviation self-coupling compensation, the comparative experiment between ADRC+PID+deviation self-coupling compensation and ADRC+PID are conducted, respectively. Finally, the experiment of synthetic trajectory of X and Y is carried out, the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the response time of the control strategy proposed in this paper is 0.5 s, which is 0.2 s faster than PID’s, and the disturbance recovery time is 50% of PID control. Therefore, the proposed ADRC+PID+deviation self-coupling compensation control strategy can not only effectively improve the tracking performance of the XY platform system, but also enhance the robustness of the system.
Deep reinforcement learning achieves multifunctional morphing airfoil control
Authors: Haughn Kevin P T , Gamble Lawren L , Inman Daniel J
Published: November 2022

Smooth camber morphing aircraft offer increased control authority and improved aerodynamic efficiency. Smart material actuators have become a popular driving force for shape changes, capable of adhering to weight and size constraints and allowing for simplicity in mechanical design. As a step towards creating uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) capable of autonomously responding to flow conditions, this work examines a multifunctional morphing airfoil’s ability to follow commands in various flows. We integrated an airfoil with a morphing trailing edge consisting of an antagonistic pair of macro fiber composites (MFCs), serving as both skin and actuator, and internal piezoelectric flex sensors to form a closed loop composite system. Closed loop feedback control is necessary to accurately follow deflection commands due to the hysteretic behavior of MFCs. Here we used a deep reinforcement learning algorithm, Proximal Policy Optimization, to control the morphing airfoil. Two neural controllers were trained in a simulation developed through time series modeling on long short-term memory recurrent neural networks. The learned controllers were then tested on the composite wing using two state inference methods in still air and in a wind tunnel at various flow speeds. We compared the performance of our neural controllers to one using traditional position-derivative feedback control methods. Our experimental results validate that the autonomous neural controllers were faster and more accurate than traditional methods. This research shows that deep learning methods can overcome common obstacles for achieving sufficient modeling and control when implementing smart composite actuators in an autonomous aerospace environment.
Digital traceability to enhance circular food systems and reach agriculture emissions targets
Authors: Freeman Katie Kennedy , Valencia Vivian , Marzaroli Jorge , van Zanten Hannah HE
Published: November 2022

How can digital tools increase national circularity measures in agriculture towards GHG reduction and other national goals? During the 26th Conference of Parties (COP) held in November 2021, it was clear that circularity will play a role in meeting important international targets but that the global community and national governments lack the tools to measure the contribution of circular actions in the agriculture sector towards meeting these commitments. In the absence of monitoring and decision-support tools, governments will not know the full impact of their actions towards meeting commitments. This perspective looks at the way that digital agricultural traceability systems can form the building blocks for government action to incentivize enhanced circularity in the agriculture sector and track progress towards international targets. Among the many countries working on digital traceability systems, Uruguay stands out an example of a country pushing towards systemic traceability in multiple aspects of the food system. We examine Uruguay's use of digital traceability systems for sustainable production and redefinition of green markets as an example of a rapidly modernizing digital food system and a beacon for other countries to follow. The case of Uruguay shows that digital tools can create transparency in productive systems and allow the government to target sustainability policies. By using digital traceability systems for livestock, dairy effluents, soil rotations, agricultural chemicals, and forests Uruguay is creating a replicable framework for circularity and long-term sustainable production in the agriculture sector, one policy at a time. This framework serves as a benchmark for other countries in Latin America to reach their traceability, circularity, and emissions reductions targets.
Structural Power without the Structure: A Class-Centered Challenge to New Structural Power Formulations
Authors: Kalaitzake Manolis
Published: November 2022

This article argues for the utility in conceiving of two distinctive approaches to the structural power of finance—New Structural Power (NSP) and Traditional Structural Power (TSP). While both are crucial to political economy scholarship, this article highlights the intellectual trade-off that is inherent to the adoption of one perspective over the other, and it stresses the explanatory advantages of the TSP perspective specifically. First, it shows how the TSP framework can facilitate an understanding of when policymaker ideas do and do not matter in the exercise of structural power, retaining the concept of “automaticity” in structural power operations. Second, it demonstrates how each framework is custom-built to explain substantively different aspects of the policy process, with TSP research aimed at system-oriented limitation mechanisms and NSP research aimed at agent-oriented selection mechanisms. Third, it contends that TSP formulations must be embedded within a model of (contradictory) functional explanation, which is the best way to gain empirical traction on the most important macrostructural developments in contemporary finance-led capitalism. Methodologically, this implies an agenda of “explanation through commonalities” rather than the NSP-favored “explanation through variation.”
To move forward, we must look back: White supremacy at the base of urban studies
Authors: Montalva Barba Miguel Angel
Published: November 2022

The concretisation of the Chicago School solidified and inscribed in the city their obsession with the ‘Negro Problem’, race, race relations and (im)migration. Their fixation not only framed modern sociology with an emphasis on the ‘Other’ but cemented a taken-for-granted undergirding of Whiteness at its base. As a discipline, until we can name, point out, understand and highlight that form of violence, urban sociology will be deficient in understanding the city, particularly, but not limited to the US. As an alternative, I offer Du Boisian sociology, critical race theory, and global critical race and racism to aid in moving away from an unstated Whiteness. This article shows how Whiteness is at the base of the urban question and its consequences via the trajectory of the first sociologists of colour trained at the Chicago School, the work on the ghetto, underclass and the effects of such work.
Effectiveness of Chlorhexidine vaginal cleansing in reducing post-caesarean endometritis at two tertiary hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nnagbo Ejikeme Johnpaul , Obi Nnamdi Samuel , Umeh Anthony Uchenna
Published: November 2022

Despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics during Caesarean delivery, post-Caesarean surgical site infection (SSI) and endometritis still often complicate the puerperal period. We speculated that the use of vaginal cleansing with chlorhexidine solution would serve as an adjunct to prophylactic antibiotics in reducing the menace of post-caesarean endometritis and indeed found a significant reduction.
Congenital Rubella syndrome: A short report and literature review
Authors: Gudeloglu Elif , Akillioglu Merve , Bedir Demirdag Tugba , Unal Nursel Atay , Tapisiz Anil Aktas
Published: November 2022

Rubella infections are rarely seen where immunization programmes are in place. Congenital rubella syndrome is however still observed where the vaccination programme against rubella is not administered or interrupted. We present such a case, with typical clinical anomalies including congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss and bone lesions. The diagnosis was verified by detection of rubella immunoglobulin M positivity in the mother in the first trimester and positive rubella serology in both baby and mother.
A Within-Person Test of the Impact of Extended Solitary Confinement on Mental Health Functioning and Service Use
Authors: Siennick Sonja E. , Brown Jennifer M. , Mears Daniel P. , Clayton Jasmine
Published: November 2022

There is conflicting evidence on whether people, particularly those with preexisting mental health problems, have worse mental health during and after extended solitary confinement (SC) stays. Using administrative data on 843 men, we examined within-person changes in mental health functioning and service use surrounding long-term stays in SC in Florida correctional facilities. During these stays, service use increased, psychological functioning improved, and mental health crises declined. The former two associations persisted during step-down placements in lower levels of restrictive housing and during the month following restrictive housing stays. The same associations were observed among men with and without serious mental illnesses, though they were more muted among the former group. The increased provision of treatment might prevent mental health problems from developing or worsening among those held in long-term SC and might even improve psychological functioning relative to when the same people are in general population housing.
Ocular lesions of captive cephalopods
Authors: Fiddes Kelsey , Murray Mike , Frasca Salvatore , Garner Michael M. , LaDouceur Elise E. B.
Published: November 2022

Ocular lesions are uncommonly reported and described in invertebrate species. In this study, cases from 2 diagnostic laboratories, in which lesions were noted in 33 diagnostic specimens from various species of cephalopods, including octopuses, squid, nautiluses, and cuttlefish, were reviewed. Clinical information and gross lesions were described in a minority of cases. The most common lesion was inflammation of varying severity and was most commonly within the anterior uvea (iris and ciliary papilla), followed by the posterior chamber and lens. More than half of the cases with inflammation had concurrent hyperplastic lesions of the iris and ciliary papilla, including posterior iris epithelial hyperplasia, cystic adenomatous hyperplasia, and/or posterior epithelial cysts. The most common clinical observation was cloudy eyes, which correlated histologically to anterior uveitis in all cases where it was documented. Dermatitis and cutaneous ulceration were the most frequent comorbidities in cases where clinical information was available.
GPU simulation of wake effects at the Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm using the CFD porous disk wake model
Authors: Uchida Takanori , Tanaka Teppei , Shizui Ryuta , Ichikawa Hiroto , Takayama Ryo , Yahagi Kazuomi , Okubo Ryoya
Published: November 2022

To verify the effectiveness of the GPU simulation of wake effects at a large-scale offshore wind farm, we ran an in-house large-eddy simulation (LES) solver with a CFD porous disk wake model for the Horns Rev 1 wind farm. For this numerical research, we prepared the latest workstation equipped with a Xeon W-2265 CPU and an NVIDIA RTX A6000 GPU. We clarified that the calculation speed of the single GPU of the NVIDIA RTX A6000 is approximately 10 times faster than the calculation speed of the Xeon W-2265. Careful data analysis and visualization of the unsteady turbulent flow fields obtained in the current LES study suggest that the mutual interference of the wakes developed by wind turbines may frequently form a local speed-up region around wind turbines, located on the downstream side of large offshore wind farms.
Data-Driven Analysis of Short-Distance Freight Rail Transportation Potential: A Case Study of Log Movements in the U.S. Lake Superior Region
Authors: Ko Sangpil , Lautala Pasi , Zhang Kuilin
Published: November 2022

As freight rail transportation in the U.S.A. increasingly concentrates on high-volume and longer distance train movements, shippers in rural areas with fragmented freight volumes, lighter line densities, and shorter distances have struggled to maintain the rail share of their shipments. The forest products industry in the mostly rural Lake Superior region is no exception and has seen a transition toward truck transportation for its main raw material, logs. The forest industry has attributed the phenomenon to reduced rail access and increased rail rates, and asked us to use their log shipment and rail operations network data to explore if (1) improved access through shared sidings, re-opened sidings, or both, and (2) rail rate reductions would encourage a modal shift from trucks back to rail. We developed four integer/mixed-integer programming models and several scenarios to research the problem. We concentrated on (1) allowing log consolidation from multiple companies at rail sidings and (2) rail rate reductions with and without volume thresholds. Our results showed that additional flexibility through shared rail sidings, re-opening of unused/closed sidings, or both, has minimal impact on increasing the rail modal share. Rail rate discounts with or without minimum volume thresholds were able to encourage a modal shift, but growing volume through rate reductions may not be attractive from the rail service provider perspective. While the results were not encouraging, our models offer the industry a data-based approach for further investigations, such as the impacts of potential shifts to a shortline cost model, or targeted analysis of specific mills that showed greater promise for a modal shift.
Clinical Outcomes After Arthroscopic Pancapsular Shift for the Treatment of Multidirectional Glenohumeral Instability at a Mean Follow-up of 9 Years
Authors: Gruskay Jordan A. , Rakowski Dylan R. , Woolson Thomas E. , Horan Marilee P. , Millett Peter J.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Arthroscopic treatment of multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder is being increasingly performed, but there is a paucity of studies with minimum 5-year follow-up.

Purpose:

To report on survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after arthroscopic pancapsulorraphy (APC) for MDI with a minimum 5-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Institutional review board approval was obtained before initiation of this retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Patients were included if they had a minimum of follow-up 5 years after APC for MDI. PROs included the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation; shortened version of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; and patient satisfaction. Preoperative, short-term (1-2 years), and final follow-up PROs were compared. Recurrent instability, dislocation, and reoperation were collected, and survivorship analysis was performed.

Results:

A total of 49 shoulders in 44 patients (15 male, 29 female) treated between October 2005 and November 2015 were included in the study. MDI onset was atraumatic in 27 shoulders and traumatic in 22. Rotator interval closure was performed in 17 patients. Overall, 14 of 49 (29%) patients reported feelings of instability in the shoulder, of whom 5 (10.2%) underwent revision surgery at a mean of 1.5 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a survivorship rate of 88% at 5 years and 82% at 8 years, with failure defined as requiring revision surgery or postoperative feelings of instability with ASES score <65. Final outcome analysis was performed on 41 shoulders with a mean follow-up of 9.0 years (range, 5.1-14.6 years). All PROs demonstrated significant improvement from preoperative baseline ( P < .05) and remained significantly improved at both short-term and long-term final follow-up. There was no difference in PROs based on \\ atraumatic versus traumatic onset, or patients treated with a rotator interval closure. There was a significant difference in PROs between patients who had continued instability.

Conclusion:

APC for the treatment of MDI provided reasonable, durable long-term PROs that persisted from short-term follow-up. Although 29% of patients experienced feelings of instability at final follow-up, most of these patients still had high postoperative satisfaction and acceptable PROs.
Comparable Recovery and Compensatory Strategies in Heel-Rise Performance After a Surgically Repaired Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture: An In Vivo Kinematic Analysis Comparing Early Functional Mobilization and Standard Treatment
Authors: Aufwerber Susanna , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Ackermann Paul W. , Naili Josefine E.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Deficits in calf muscle function and heel-rise performance are common after an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) and are related to tendon elongation and calf muscle atrophy. Whether early functional mobilization (EFM) can improve calf muscle function compared with standard treatment (ST) with 2 weeks of immobilization and unloading in a plaster cast is unknown.

Hypothesis:

EFM would lead to superior recovery of heel-rise performance, as demonstrated by more symmetrical side-to-side ankle and knee joint kinematics, compared with ST.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

In total, 47 patients with an ATR were prospectively included and treated with open surgical repair and randomized 2:1 postoperatively to either EFM or ST. Overall, 29 patients were treated with a dynamic orthosis (EFM), and 18 underwent ST. At 8 weeks and 6 months after ATR repair, 3-dimensional motion analysis of heel-rise performance was conducted. At 6 months, tendon length and muscle volume were assessed with ultrasound imaging, calf muscle function with the heel-rise test, and patient-reported outcomes with the Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score.

Results:

At 8 weeks and 6 months, there were no significant group differences between the EFM and ST groups in heel-rise performance, but significant side-to-side differences in ankle and knee kinematics were detected. At 8 weeks and 6 months, both the EFM and ST groups showed a significantly decreased peak ankle plantarflexion angle and increased knee flexion angle on the injured limb compared with the uninjured limb during bilateral heel raises. Linear regression demonstrated that greater atrophy of the medial gastrocnemius muscle ( P = .008) and higher body weight ( P < .001) were predictors of a decreased maximum peak ankle plantarflexion angle on the injured limb at 6 months.

Conclusion:

EFM after an ATR repair did not lead to superior recovery of calf muscle function, as assessed by heel-rise performance, compared with ST. Increased knee flexion seemed to be a compensatory strategy for decreased ankle plantarflexion. Medial gastrocnemius atrophy and increased body weight were additional factors associated with a decreased ankle plantarflexion angle.

Registration:

NCT02318472 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Predictive value of systemic immune-inflammation index in recurrent urethral strictures
Authors: Özsoy Emrah , Kutluhan Musab Ali , Tokuç Emre , Artuk İlker , Kayar Rıdvan , Akyüz Mehmet , Öztürk Metin İshak
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

To investigate the predictive value of systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in recurrence of urethral stricture in patients undergoing internal urethrotomy

Methods:

In this two-center, retrospective study, 703 patients who had internal urethrotomy for urethral stricture were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and operative data were obtained. Two groups were formed from the patients as non-recurrent urethral stricture ( n = 490) and recurrent urethral stricture ( n = 213).

Results:

There was no significant difference in the mean age between the patients with and without recurrence. There was a significant difference in the mean SII values and albumin levels between the recurrence and non-recurrence groups ( p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Using a cut-off value of 252 for the SII; the sensitivity was 59.62%, the specificity was 70.41%, the positive predictive value was 46.69%, the negative predictive value was 80.05% and the accuracy was 67.14%, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of recurrence and the established cut-off value of the SII ( p = 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The risk of recurrence was stated that 3.514 times higher in patients with a SII value of ⩾252.

Conclusion:

Using the SII the inflammatory state of the urethral tissue can be evaluated. Thus the risk of recurrence after internal urethrotomy operation can be predicted. Open urethroplasty technique instead of DVIU in patients with high SII values may increase the surgical success rates.
Étudier le travail au ras du sol. Une enquête sur le travail en agriculture biologique
Authors: Bonnel Germain
Published: November 2022

Studying work at ground level. A survey of work in organic farming. Working on an object that has been little explored in sociological literature involves trial and error, which means that the approach to the field must be constantly rethought. This is the case with agricultural work, which has hardly been studied from the point of view of the activity and risks taken by the workers. The aim of this article is to describe the difficulties encountered during the production of Master and a PhD’s thesis on work in organic farming. The aim of this article is to show how, on the basis of a project dealing with occupational health among employees in diversified organic market gardening, the survey made it possible to reveal different work and employment configurations involving the opening up of the field of investigation to all organic vegetable production in the region studied.
Sur l’utilité du concept beckerien de « monde de l’art » afin d’appréhender un objet multiniveau. Le cas des projets de théâtre dans les quartiers populaires
Authors: Quercia Francesca
Published: November 2022

On the usefulness of the Beckerian concept of “art world” in order to apprehend a multilevel object. The case of theatre projects in working-class neighborhoods. Since the 2000s, there has been renewed reflection on the ways in which Social Scientists should look at the articulation between scales of data analysis and observation. Far from being fixed, these scales can evolve over the course of an investigation, through a dialectical relationship between data analysis and its progressive conceptualization. Based on these reflections, this article illustrates how the articulation between these scales was conceived in my PhD thesis. This comparative ethnographic research focused on theatre projects that took place in working-class neighborhoods and on the emergence of a professional ‘world’, at the intersection of urban and cultural policies, professional theatre, socio-cultural activities and social movements. An initial problem statement was possible thanks to the reading of numerous research works, but I widened my analytical focus following a series of observations in the field. This led me to readjust my methodological tools and to rely on the Beckerian concept of the ‘Art World’. However, some modification to this concept was also necessary in order to make it heuristic for my study. The Beckerian theory proved useful for my study as long as we take into account the existence of ‘power struggles’ between individuals who are differently positioned in the social space (public authorities, artists and related workers, social workers, etc.) and return individual interactions to their original social structure.
Citizens’ experiences of a policy-ridden environment: A methodological contribution to feedback studies based on qualitative secondary analysis
Authors: Dupuy Claire , Teuber Ferdinand , Van Ingelgom Virginie
Published: November 2022

Les expériences des citoyen.nes dans un environnement saturé de politiques publiques. Une contribution méthodologique aux études sur les policy feedbacks depuis l'analyse secondaire de données qualitatives. Au cours des dix dernières années, les études sur les effets-retourdes politiques publiques sur les citoyen.nes (qu’on désigne par policy feedbacks) ont connu un regain d’intérêt. Analysant ces récents développements, plusieurs appels ont été lancés pour élargir ce courant de recherches au-delà des expériences que les citoyen.nes font d’une politique spécifique pour tenir compte, au contraire, de la multiplicité des expériences de politique publique qu'elles et ils ont au cours de leur vie quotidienne. Sur le plan méthodologique cependant, la reconnaissance de la multiplicité des expériences de politiques publiques des citoyen.nes en Europe de l'Ouest remet en question (i) les dispositifs empiriques de recherche et (ii) les inférences causales qui sont courantes dans cette littérature. Dans cet article, nous expliquons comment nous avons relevé ces deux défis en tirant parti des possibilités offertes par l’analyse secondaire qualitative. En réponse au premier défi, nous discutons notre approche, une analyse qualitative comparative et longitudinale de données secondaires sans sélection a priori des politiques publiques considérées. Nous présentons comment nous opérationnalisons dans ces données les expériences et les perceptions multiples des politiques publiques des citoyen.nes. En réponse au deuxième défi, nous construisons théoriquement un troisième mécanisme de feedback, qui est normatif et collectif. Nous discutons également de la manière dont nous étudions empiriquement les normes collectives liées aux expériences multiples de politique publique à partir de données individuelles.
Opportunity Structures for Student Activism, Diversity, and Institutional Change
Authors: Teresa Brower Margaret , Kyle Upchurch J.
Published: November 2022

College students across the United States are engaging in protests, sit-ins, and walk-outs, but when do these political acts result in tangible institutional policy changes? This paper draws on qualitative data from interviews and focus groups with 502 participants across the United States to examine when and why college student political behaviors influence institutional changes on college campuses. Findings from this study suggest that higher education institutions present different political opportunity structures for students to engage in activism. These political opportunity structures provide policy windows at the institutional level to affect campus wide change. To the extent that these changes promote diversity, equity, and inclusion though also depends on these varying structures. In this paper, a typology of these structures is presented to explain when student activism shapes institutional change and for whom.
Outcomes of PD for AKI treatment during COVID-19 in New York City: A multicenter study
Authors: Sourial Maryanne Y , Gone Anirudh , Uribarri Jaime , Srivatana Vesh , Sharma Shuchita , Shimonov Daniil , Chang Michael , Mowrey Wenzhu , Dalsan Rochelle , Sedaliu Kaltrina , Jain Swati , Ross Michael J , Caplin Nina , Chen Wei ,   the New York City Peritoneal Dialysis Consortium
Published: November 2022

Background:

The high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis associated with COVID-19 led to the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) for the treatment of AKI. This study aims to compare in-hospital all-cause mortality and kidney recovery between patients with AKI who received acute PD versus extracorporeal dialysis (intermittent haemodialysis and continuous kidney replacement therapy).

Methods:

In a retrospective observational study of 259 patients with AKI requiring dialysis during the COVID-19 surge during Spring 2020 in New York City, we compared 30-day all-cause mortality and kidney recovery between 93 patients who received acute PD at any time point and 166 patients who only received extracorporeal dialysis. Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank test and Cox regression were used to compare survival and logistic regression was used to compare kidney recovery.

Results:

The mean age was 61 ± 11 years; 31% were women; 96% had confirmed COVID-19 with median follow-up of 21 days. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, oxygenation and laboratory values prior to starting dialysis, the use of PD was associated with a lower mortality rate compared to extracorporeal dialysis with a hazard ratio of 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.27–0.82, p = 0.008). At discharge or on day 30 of hospitalisation, there was no association between dialysis modality and kidney recovery ( p = 0.48).

Conclusions:

The use of PD for the treatment of AKI was not associated with worse clinical outcomes when compared to extracorporeal dialysis during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Given the inherent selection biases and residual confounding in our observational study, research with a larger cohort of patients in a more controlled setting is needed to confirm our findings.