bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Służba zastępcza jako element ochrony wolności sumienia jednostki. Refleksje na tle art. 85 Konstytucji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Uliasz Joanna
Published: August 2023

This article examines the conscience clause, which is also known as conscientious objection, and its purpose in protecting an individual’s beliefs when they come into conflict with positive law. Specifically, the author discusses how the conscience clause applies to the constitutional duty to perform military service. In the case of mandatory military service, the legislator recognizes the possibility of a conflict of conscience for an individual when the duty to perform military service would be in conflict with the moral principles upheld by that individual. To address this issue, the legislator has introduced the institution of alternative service. Alternative service, which includes, among other things, work in the fields of environmental protection, fire protection, healthcare, social assistance, and care for people with disabilities or the homeless, has become a constitutional guarantee for the freedom of conscience and religion expressed in Article 53 of the Constitution.
Environmental Rule of Law and Article 2 of the 1997 Polish Constitution
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karpus Karolina , Karpus Zbigniew ,   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
Published: August 2023

The ongoing sustainable development transformation of socio-economic life in a contemporary state inevitably impacts its legal system. The concept of ‘environmental rule of law’ proposes a model regulatory approach based on the assumption that the rule of law is a prerequisite for effective enforcement of environmental protection in a democratic country. Presently, one of the main challenges in that regard is the problem of public authorities lacking efficiency in enforcing environmental law. For this reason, a critical assessment of Art. 2 of the Polish Constitution is required in order to establish the extent to which the recognition of the concept has already taken place in the Polish legal system and to form recommendations on the necessary research into the rule of law conducted from the joint perspective of constitutional and environmental law in the context of international obligations of the Polish State.
Protests in Lithuania in the Pandemic Era
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Marszałek-Kawa Joanna
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 caused a global crisis of an unprecedented scale. In order to contain the spread of the virus, governments took instant measures, adopting new legal regulations which included restrictions and limitations in the sphere of constitutional rights and freedoms. The aim of the paper is to discuss protesters’ actions and their different forms, and to analyse the response of law enforcement officers who secured demonstrations. I undertook to find the answers to two fundamental research questions: What action did protesters take during the pandemic in Lithuania? What was the character and intensity of the surveillance, intimidation and presence of the police during demonstrations? The research covers the period from 11 March 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the pandemic, to the autumn of 2021, when anti-vaccine protests took place in Lithuania. In the study, I applied the institutional and legal analysis, as well as the qualitative source analysis.
Judicialization of Anti-terrorism System in France
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Wojnicz Luiza
Published: August 2023

The centralization, depoliticization and empowerment of judges in the French counter-terrorism system is an effective measure against terrorism, despite the fact, that it is controversial. The article will discuss the powers of the leading judicial bodies in the fight against terrorism, their advantages and disadvantages. The article emphasizes the thesis of the effectiveness of the anti-terrorism system in France, even though it is based on complex principles.
Glosa do wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka z 15 maja 2022 r., OOO Memo p. Rosji, skarga nr 2840/10
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Nowicka Zuzanna
Published: August 2023

No legitimate aim of proceedings for protection of reputation initiated by public authorities – gloss to the judgment of the ECtHR of 15 May 2022, OOO Memo p. Russia application no. 2840/10 On March 15, 2022. The European Court of Human Rights issued its judgment in the case of OOO Memo p. Russia, Application No. 2840/10. This judgment represents a turnaround in the Court’s previous line of jurisprudence. The ECtHR ruled that proceedings for civil defamation brought by public authorities have, as a rule, no legitimate aim and are thus incompatible with Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The judgment establishes a higher level of protection against unjustified interference with freedom of expression than has been the case to date, and will have significant consequences for both proceedings before the ECHR and domestic proceedings. The judgement is also important because it draws attention to the problem of Stategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation.
REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA ACERCA DAS ATIVIDADES EDUCATIVAS PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE CIENTISTAS
Authors: Antunes Jeferson , Torres Cicero Magerbio Gomes , Queiroz Zuleide Fernandes de
Published: August 2023

A formação de cientistas é um investimento social de longo prazo, que colabora com a sociedade a partir da construção do conhecimento que pode ser aplicado na resolução de problemas urgentes. Formar cientistas exige que sejam mobilizadas variadas cadeias de atores sociais, não obstante, a literatura científica nos apresenta diversos relatos de experiência em todo o mundo e nas mais diferentes instituições, que auxiliam no desenvolvimento e na reflexão acerca da formação de cientistas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as principais estratégias de formação de cientistas apresentadas na literatura científica. Foi realizada a revisão integrativa da literatura entre os anos de 2003 e 2022, acerca da formação de cientistas, identificando e compreendendo as experiências de formação de cientistas relatadas pelas autorias. Como resultado, as experiências de formação interdisciplinar, capacitação metodológica, internacionalização da formação, as atividades de gestão educacional e a curricularização da divulgação cientifica são apontadas como práticas formativas salutares a cientistas em formação.
Investigating the effect of temperature and water freezing on the response of geogrid composite
Authors: Jarjour J. , Meguid M. A.
Published: August 2023

Geosynthetics can be exposed to varying temperature and moisture conditions when embedded in soil, which can affect their mechanical properties. However, existing testing standards do not account for extreme environmental conditions such as low temperatures and ice formation. The aim of this study was to understand the effect of temperature variation and ice formation on the tensile properties of dry and wet geosynthetics by conducting single-rib tensile tests on a wicking geogrid composite in a temperature chamber. Tensile stress–strain curves were obtained at various temperatures for dry samples (−40°C to 40°C) and wet samples (0°C to −40°C). It was found that, with a decrease in temperature, the tensile strength and stiffness of dry and wet samples increased while the ultimate strain decreased. The freezing of water in wet samples also accelerated the rates of increase in ultimate strength and decrease in ultimate strain. The failure mode of the geogrid composite also changed with temperature, occurring at the middle junction at higher temperatures and closer to the end junctions with a fibrous appearance at lower temperatures. These findings provide insights into the significance of varying environmental conditions on geosynthetic properties.
Analysis of the Operation Status of the Lifelong Learning City Project for People with Disabilities
Authors:   RehabilitationInternational Korea, Cho Eun Young , Jeong Yeon Soo
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the operational direction of the Lifelong Learning City for people with disabilities by analyzing the operational status of the Lifelong Education Program for people with disabilities, which was operated through the Lifelong Learning City for people with disabilities project for three years from 2020 to 2022. To this purpose, a total of 167 programs were classified according to four criteria presented in the case report. This was reclassified into six areas of lifelong education programs for people with disabilities. The results were as follows as. First, the “social integration” program was initially dominated, and some “self-reliance and employment-linked programs” were operated. The “regional specialization program” that meets the purpose of the project for the region-centered lifelong learning city for people with disabilities did not appear in the beginning, but it was found that it gradually increased afterwards. Second, the operation status of programs in six areas were mostly focused on culture and arts education and humanities education for all three years. In conclusion, the lifelong learning city project for people with disabilities, which was launched to resolve blind spots in education for people with disabilities, was encouraging. On the other hand, it is necessary to improve the existing cultural arts education and humanities liberal arts education.
The Lives Have It: Curating the Medieval Past at English Heritage Castles
Authors: Wyeth William
Published: August 2023

This paper outlines some of the challenges to the public curation of the medieval past at castles, as experienced in the author’s curatorial capacity at English Heritage. Echoing the work of recent scholarship on the heritage presentation of castles, this paper contends that the breadth of narratives explored on such sites has been limited to a national, male-dominated legacy. This paper outlines key stakeholders in the public curation of castles, as well as the media at the disposal of English Heritage curators, before presenting an approach which centres the historical narrative around people. It argues that, by placing people, past and present, at the centre of the public curation of medieval castles, obstacles and limitations from previous approaches can be overcome. This paper concludes with a critical reflection, outlining some ways in which these challenges have been overcome using this approach at a recent project at Warkworth Castle (Northumberland). The article emphasises the capacity of traditional curatorship interplayed with creative endeavours, to bypass obstacles to telling a compelling but also challenging public history of medieval castles.
Exploring the Effectiveness of a Battery of Physical Fitness Tests via Virtual Learning Environment
Authors: Lobo Joseph , Prevandos Francisco Gabriel , Bautista Clarenz , De Dios Don Al , Dimalanta Genesis , Gazali Novri
Published: August 2023

Background. Online PFTs can assess students’ physical fitness, according to several studies. However, few papers examined this issue in the setting of a Philippine higher education institution.
Study purpose. This experimental research examined how a subset of Physical Fitness Tests (PFTs) affects BMI improvement.
Materials and methods. After five weeks of fitness tests, this study used an experimental design to compare pre- and post-test scores while controlling for gender, age, and BMI. A two-part survey questionnaire collected the participants’ data. First, gender, age, and pre-test BMI were provided. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire was the second part (PAR-Q). Analysis of the 5-week experiment data used IBM SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistical approaches displayed the participants’ demographics and fitness testing results (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation). Before and after the selected PFTs, the students’ performance was examined using the one-way ANOVA and the independent samples t-test to determine if factors like gender, age, and body mass index affected performance. After the fitness tests, the paired samples t-test was used to see if the pre- and post-test scores were statistically different.
Results. Performance before and after the selected PFTs was not statistically different between age groups. Except for the vertical jump test, gender groups did not differ significantly. Males outperformed females. Finally, after five weeks of performing the recommended PFTs, post-test scores were statistically significantly higher than pre-test levels.
Conclusions. The selected PFTs were useful in online learning, especially in a Philippine local institution. This study supports the idea that college physical education instructors can regularly test their students’ fitness levels using the above assessments.
Effect of Circuit and Interval Training Methods on the Agility and VO₂max of Porprov Football Players in Pati Regency in Terms of Leg Muscle Endurance
Authors: Badawi Ahmad , Nasrulloh Ahmad
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine: (1) the effect of circuit and interval training methods on agility and VO₂max; (2) the difference in the effect of high leg muscle endurance and low leg muscle endurance on agility and VO₂max; (3) the interaction between circuit training, interval training and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility and VO₂max.
Materials and methods. This research is an experiment with a 2x2 factorial design. In this study, the number of samples used was 20 players selected by purposive sampling. Agility was measured with the Illinois agility test instrument, VO₂max was measured with a multistage fitness test, and leg muscle endurance was measured with a wall sit test. Data analysis used a two-way ANOVA test with a significance level of α < 0.05.
Results. The results of this study are as follows: (1) there is no difference in the effect of the circuit and interval training methods on the agility of football players, there are significant differences between the circuit and interval training methods in their effect on the VO₂max of football players; (2) there is a difference between high and low leg muscle endurance for agility and VO₂max, α < 0.05; (3) there is an interaction between the circuit, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on agility, α < 0.05.
Conclusions. There is an interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the agility of Porprov soccer players in Pati Regency. Meanwhile, there was no interaction between circuit training, interval training, and leg muscle endurance (high and low) on the VO₂max of Porprov football players in Pati Regency.
Comparing Situational and Motor Abilities Among Kosovo Junior Basketball Players in Super and Unique Leagues
Authors: Begu Bujar , Miftari Florian , Dalip Metin , Haxhnikaj Labinot
Published: August 2023

Study purpose. The aim of this study is to differentiate the situational and motor abilities between two leagues of junior basketball players in Kosovo. A total of 120 players, aged 18, were assessed in this research, with 60 players belonging to the Super League and the remaining 60 players from the Unique League.
Materials and methods. In this research, the measuring instruments employed included a set of 12 basic motor variables and 5 situational motor variables. To ensure precise speed and agility data, electronic sensors in the form of Witty timer (Microgate) were utilized. The statistical analyses conducted involved the application of the t-test to identify significant differences between the leagues for individual variables, while the canonical discriminant analysis was employed to differentiate between the two leagues based on the comprehensive set of measured variables.
Results. Differences were observed in specific variables, favoring the Super League players in areas such as abdominal muscles endurance (p < 0.05) and throwing the medicine ball (p < 0.01), while the Unique League players excelled in jump height and agility tests. T-test and discriminant analysis confirmed significant distinctions between the leagues (p < 0.01). These findings provide valuable insights into the contrasting abilities of players in the two leagues.
Conclusions. This study found significant differences between the Super League and Unique League among U18 basketball players in Kosovo. The Super League players showed superior performance in explosive upper body strength, repetitive strength, and agility, while the Unique League players displayed higher physical preparedness in basic motor skills.
Photorepair Fluence Response Protocol v2
Authors: Ma Daniel
Published: August 2023

Photorepair light exposures are performed on microorganism samples following UV light exposure (i.e. UV disinfection) to determine microorganism regrowth and repair kinetics. Photorepair is a light-dependent, enzyme mediated DNA repair process in bacteria that may reverse UV-induced DNA damage and decrease UV disinfection efficacy. Previously, photorepair kinetics were determined on a time-basis (i.e. exposure times). However, time-based photorepair determinations are not standardized. A photorepair fluence response protocol was developed here according to a standardized protocol proposed by Bohrerova and Linden (2007). If you cite your use of this protocol, you should also cite the relevant original literature.
Motor-Kurye Çalışanlarının Çalışma Koşullarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma: İstanbul Örneği
Authors: YERTÜM Umut , BALCI Bayram
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışma İstanbul’da faaliyette bulunan motor-kuryelerin çalışma koşulları, ücret düzeyleri, yasal hakları, iş kazası ve meslek hastalıkları ve karşılaşılan ayrımcılıkların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 20 motor-kurye ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniğiyle görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda, motor-kuryelik mesleğinde esnaf ve bordrolu olmak üzere ikili bir yapı oluştuğu; katılımcıların %68’i esnaf, %37’si ise bordrolu olarak çalıştığı görülmektedir. Bordrolu çalışan motor-kuryelerin ücretli izin hakkı bulunurken; esnaf kuryelerin tamamının ücretli izin haklarının olmadığı, %61’ inin ise sosyal güvenceye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %69’u haftada 6 gün çalışırken, %31’i haftada 7 gün çalışmaktadır. Katılımcıların %16’ısı haftalık 45-66 saat arası, %84’ü 67 saat ve üstü çalışmaktadır. Motor-kuryelikte ücretin belirlenmesinde kıdem ya da niteliğin etkili olmadığı, dağıtılan paket sayısının ücreti belirlediği tespit edilmiştir. Bordrolu çalışanların 8.500 TL ile 12.750 TL aralığında ücret kazandıkları, esnaf kurye modelinde ise çoğunluğun 12.750 TL ile 17.000 TL aralığında ücret kazandıkları Esnaf kuryelerin bordrolu kuryelere göre daha fazla gelir elde ettiği görülse de bunun hem daha fazla çalışmadan hem de sigorta primlerinin ödenmemesinden kaynaklandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hızlı ve sıcak teslimata ilişkin reklamların kuryelik mesleğinin insani yönünü ortadan kaldırdığı ve kuryelerde dışlanma hissi oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak, motor-kuryelerin; trafikte, teslimat sırasında ya da sitelerde en az bir kere ayrımcılığa maruz kaldıklarını belirtmektedir.
QUEIMADURAS: SERIA A PELE-DETILÁPIA UMA ALTERNATIVA MAIS ECONÔMICA E EFICAZ PARA O SUS FRENTE AO TRATAMENTO TRADICIONAL?
Authors: Pereira da Cruz Gean , Teixeira de Andrade Fernanda , Duarte Silva Jules Brendo , Vilas Boas Bento Pedro José , Soares Negrão Frank , Oliveira Silva Pereira Vanesssa , Da Silva Liliane Cristina , Goulart Alves Mateus
Published: August 2023

Um grande número de queimados é atendido todos os anos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), sendo tratados principalmente com creme de sulfadiazina de prata. Estudos mais recentes, porém, chamam a atenção para a proeminência de curativos biológicos, em especial xenoenxertos, no tratamento de queimaduras. A pele de tilápia-do-Nilo, recentemente, se tornou o primeiro xenoenxerto animal aprovado pela ANVISA no Brasil. O método utilizado neste estudo foi uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com o objetivo de compreender se há viabilidade no uso de xenoenxertos de pele de tilápia como curativo biológico para o tratamento de queimaduras, avaliando sua eficácia e segurança, conjecturando uma possível utilização em larga escala no SUS. Constatou-se, então, a segurança e aplicabilidade do curativo biológico de pele de tilápia como tratamento para queimaduras e, com o surgimento de novos estudos, a viabilidade de seu uso no SUS torna-se cada vez mais possível, já que certifica-se uma boa relação de custo-benefício.
A PRÁTICA DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E TECNOLÓGICA: RELATO DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA INTERDISCIPLINAR PARA O CURSO TÉCNICO EM ALIMENTOS INTEGRADO AO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Feiten Mirian Cristina
Published: August 2023

Projetos escolares envolvem de maneira dinâmica professores e alunos. Assim, um projeto de intervenção pedagógica interdisciplinar foi planejado e desenvolvido como uma parceria entre docentes da disciplina de Química e de disciplinas específicas do Curso Técnico em Alimentos Integrado ao Ensino Médio. A experiência de aula intitulada Identificação e caracterização de grupos funcionais orgânicos em moléculas de uso/interesse na área de alimentos ministrada aos alunos do 3º ano, e as atividades de ensino remotas desenvolvidas são relatadas desde sua concepção, planejamento e implementação. Ao final, o impacto da relação teoria-prática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, com visualização da Química na área de alimentos e no cotidiano em si, foi avaliado através de questionário específico aplicado aos alunos. Os resultados foram muito satisfatórios e fomentam o aprimoramento deste e o desenvolvimento de novos projetos interdisciplinares entre as equipes.
STUDENT-UNIVERSITY-ORGANIZATION CURRICULAR INTERNSHIP ISSUES
Authors: S. B. Martins Joberto , Marback Neto Guilherme
Published: August 2023

The curricular internship is a component of undergraduate and graduate curricula that, in summary, aims for students to apply course learning, theories, and experiences to actual professional life. The curricular internship is part of undergraduate curricula with specific objectives and interacts with organizations in general. Organizations change, for instance, technological innovation, human resource management, market positioning, economic situation, and environmental behavior. Consequently, the curricular internship, to some extent, is impacted by the organizations positioning and behavior. This paper addresses and discusses a set of internship issues and use cases, looking forward to comprehending its evolution and adaptation to actual organization needs and market scenarios. The curricular internship aspects addressed are its organization, management at university programs, its relation to the accreditation process, and the impact on student’s academic and professional formation.
Sleeping Beauties in Four Epic Works on Library Science by S. R. Ranganathan: An Analytical Study
Authors: Bhowmick Anupam , Santra Patit Paban , Majhi Debasis
Published: August 2023

Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, an Indian librarian and educator who is known as the 'Father of Library Science in India', is also widely known throughout the rest of the world due to his worldwide contribution to library science. Earlier it was difficult to find citations to prominent old research works. New computer technology helps find these types of articles more easily and it also finds sleeping beauties in several disciplines. Here the term 'Sleeping beauty' is used to define a research article life (year) that has been relatively uncited for several years and then suddenly attracts a lot of attention. The present paper describes four sleeping beauties that are found from Ranganathan’s contributions (books only) in library science, such as; Colon Classification (1933), Prolegomena to Library Classification (1937), Philosophy of Library Classification (1951) and Reference Service (1961). Above mentioned four sleeping beauties are detected using three main criteria; depth of sleep, length of sleep, and awakening intensity given by Van Raan (2015) to detect the sleeping beauties.
The Polysemy of the Verb "wystarczyć"/"wystarczać" [to suffice] in Polish
Authors: Bondaruk Anna
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the syntax and semantics of the unaccusative verb wystarczać/wystarczyć ‘to suffice’ in Polish. We argue that this verb is polysemous. Besides its idiosyncratic meaning ‘to suffice’, it may also mean ‘to be enough’ or ‘to have enough’. The three above-mentioned meanings of the verb wystarczać/wystarczyć are associated with three different syntactic structures. The idiosyncratic meaning of this verb is found with the nominative argument. The second meaning of the verb surfaces in existential clauses with the genitive DP and an optional locative PP. The third - possessive meaning - arises when the verb appears with the dative possessor and the genitive theme.
Word-forming Creativity of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz in the Structural and Cognitive Approach
Authors: Majewska-Wójcik Anna
Published: August 2023

The aim of the article is to review selected lexical units appearing in Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz’s (henceforth also called Witkacy) letters to his wife. For the analysis of these lexemes, the methodological apparatus of traditional structural word-formation was used, but tools derived from Ronald Langacker’s (1987, 1995, 2008) cognitive grammar and the findings of other researchers remaining in this trend also became indispensable, since the structural description of neologisms and textual occasionalisms turned out to be insufficient. Only the cognitive approach made it possible to show Witkacy’s word-formation creativity, effective contextual decoding of meanings and to approximate the mechanisms of the conceptualizer’s mental perception of the world.
Therapy of ascites in patients with hepatitis C liver cirrhosis: Systemic meta-analysis cohort study
Authors:   Department of Hepatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China., Chen Wei , Giles Xinxin , Liu Xiaoyan ,   Department of Hepatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Published: August 2023

The 12th leading cause of death in the United States is cirrhosis. Recent studies have shown that liver fibrosis is an ever-evolving process and that early cirrhosis may be reversible. One in three people with cirrhosis is unaware of their condition. The most well-known reasons for cirrhosis are viral hepatitis C, alcoholic liver sickness, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The aim of the study is to compare the different therapeutic approaches to patients with liver cirrhosis due to the hepatitis C and ascites systemic meta‐analysis study. In this study, we looked through Embase, MEDLINE, Science Reference Record Extended, and preliminary registers until December 2022 to distinguish randomized clinical preliminaries in patients with cirrhosis because of hepatitis C and ascites. The study comprised 2344 revised articles. Roughly 30.3% of members got paracentesis in addition to liquid substitution. A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was associated with a higher rate of ascites resolution at maximal follow-up (HR 5.22; 95% CrI 1.97 to 76.67) and adding aldosterone adversaries to paracentesis in addition to liquid substitution (HR 20.22; 95% CrI 4.03 to 434.91) contrasted with paracentesis in addition to liquid substitution (extremely low-sureness proof). In conclusion, in light of extremely low-assurance proof, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt and adding aldosterone adversaries to paracentesis in addition to liquid substitution might expand the goal of ascites contrasted with paracentesis in addition to liquid substitution.
An observational study on use of maternal risk factors, mean arterial pressure, mean uterine artery pulsatility index and serum placenta like growth factor for screening of preeclampsia in first trimester
Authors: Gajbhiye Nikita , Arora Kiran , Padasala Rajankumar , Srivastava Pragya
Published: August 2023

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) affects 2-3% of all pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In the last decade extensive research has been devoted to screening for PE with the aim of reducing the prevalence of the disease through pharmacological intervention in the high-risk group. In our study we used the combined screening method to evaluate the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women. Our primary objective was to estimate the screen positivity rate for preeclampsia using the first trimester combined screening method (maternal risk factors and biophysical methods) in our population in a tertiary care hospital setting.
Methods: Risk of preeclampsia was calculated using fetal medicine foundation algorithm accessed at https://fetalmedicine.org/research/assess/preeclampsia.
Results: Using the combined screening method, 10 out of 75 women (13.33%) were found to be screen positive for risk of developing preterm preeclampsia (at <37 weeks) with a risk cut off of 1:100. Using the maternal risk factors approach only (as per NICE guidelines) again 10 out of 75 women (13.3%) were found to be screen positive. However, the subset of women who were screen positive by each method were not the same. There were only 4 out of 10 women who were screen positive by both methods. The screen positivity rate for preterm preeclampsia (<37 weeks) in our population using combined screening approach was 13%, which means aspirin would be advisable to 13/100 pregnant women to reduce the risk of preterm preeclampsia.
Conclusions: Basis on our study we concluded that one cost effective method of screening could be, to offer aspirin to all women who are screen positive by the maternal risk factor approach (NICE guidelines approach). This approach does not require any extra blood test or skill to measure uterine artery pulsatility index.
Effect of anaemia on maternal and fetal outcome: an observational study
Authors: Dwivedi Seema , Singh Ritu , Malik Anchal , Gupta Garima , Sharma Karishma
Published: August 2023

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is a globally health-related issue that affects both mothers and their new-born. Hence an observational study to see the effect of anaemia on maternal and foetal outcome was conducted.
Methods: 15024 mothers coming in OPD or IPD in past 4 years were recruited and their haemoglobin measured. Descriptive statistics was used for baseline characteristics. This observational study was conducted in department of obs and gynae, GSVM Medical College Kanpur from August 2018 to August 2022. All the data gathered was processed by SPSS version 25.
Results: The main outcomes included 4 maternal outcomes (postpartum haemorrhage, shock, ICU admission, and maternal mortality) and 4 neonatal outcomes (foetal growth restriction, birth weight, NICU admission, stillbirth). 60.03% of the mothers were anaemic in our study. Maternal and foetal complications were more in anaemic than non-anaemic mothers with incidence of PPH, shock, ICU admission, and maternal mortality being 14.07%, 11.33% ,4.30 and 1.31% respectively than non-anaemic mothers with incidence of 11.22%, 7.26%, 1.76%, and 7.28% respectively. Foetal outcome was also poorer in anaemic mothers with incidence of FGR, LBW, NICU admission, Still birth being 3.15%, 8.85%, 12.96%, and 1.09% higher than non-anaemic group with incidence being 1.80%, 3.43%, 9.75%, and 0.30 % respectively.
Conclusions: This observational study provides valuable insights into the effect of anaemia on both maternal and foetal outcomes. It emphasizes the importance of early detection and management of anaemia to mitigate the risks associated with this condition.
A study for the efficacy of Amr's cervical traction maneuver along with AMTSL in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Rani Rekha , Golani Monica , Singh Shikha , Urvashi  , Asha
Published: August 2023

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) contributes to 25% maternal mortality worldwide (WHO, 2007). In poor resource settings where facility of refrigeration is not available uterotonics may not prove to be useful in prevention of PPH. The aim of this study is to find out the efficacy and acceptability of Amr’s cervical traction maneuver in prevention of PPH in such set up.
Methods: This interventional observational study was conducted among 220 patients coming in labour eligible for vaginal delivery in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S. N. Medical College, Agra between December 2020 to May 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: study group (110 patients) where Amr’s maneuver along with AMTSL is done and control group: where AMTSL is done alone.
Results: The mean age of participants in study group was 23.76 years and control group was 23.75 years. In both groups, 59.5% were primigravidae. Mean BMI in both group was 25.02 kg/m2. Almost 61% had spontaneous labour. Nearly 92% delivered normally without instruments. In study group 66% patients had blood loss less than 400ml. Average blood loss was 255.23 ml in study group and 300.25 ml in control group. The difference is clinically significant. The mean blood loss in PPH patients in study group was 603.75 ml, and in control group it is 753.25 ml, which is clinically significant.
Conclusions: Amr’s maneuver is a simple maneuver when done in combination with AMTSL results in reducing the incidence of PPH and amount of blood loss post-delivery to a great extent.
Analytical study of an iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy at tertiary care center
Authors: Dhameliya Priya , Patel Hemali
Published: August 2023

Background: Anemia is a serious global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries in reproductive age group. India contributes to about 80% of the maternal deaths due to anemia in south Asia. The objective was to analyse maternal and fetal outcome in anemic pregnant patients as compared to non anemic pregnant patients.
Methods: This analytical study of 100 patients (50 anemic and 50 control groups) was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, at tertiary care hospital, Surat from September 2022 to June 2023.
Results: 56% were booked against 86% in the control group.44% were unbooked against 14% in the control group.66% in cases and 76% in controls were in majority age group of 21-29 years. 68% of the anemic women were multigravida as 50% in the control group.66% of the cases and 34% of the controls belongs to low socioeconomic class. Out of 50 cases of anemia 28% mild, 32% moderate and 40% severe degree. 32% anemic patients were managed with oral iron, 20% with parenteral iron therapy and 48% with blood transfusion. In cases, preeclampsia in 14 patients, preterm in 13 patients, PPH in 4 patients, while in control group 5 patients had preeclampsia, 6 patients had preterm labour and 2 patients had PPH. 1% maternal mortality in cases and zero in control groups.
Conclusions: Antenatal management with correcting prenatal anemic status with dietary advises, prophylactic iron therapy, planned pregnancy with ensuring maternal iron sufficiency during gestation is most effective method.
Awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women
Authors: Bharatnur Sunanda , Aishwarya
Published: August 2023

Background: The first type of menstrual cup having a bullet-shape was patented in 1932 by the midwifery group of McGlasson and Perkins. The first medical grade silicone menstrual cup was manufactured in 2001 by Mooncup UK. Menstrual cups are considered as environmentally friendly and inexpensive alternative to expensive disposable pads. The capability to reuse the cups with a service life of 10 years is a significant advantage of menstrual cups. Menstrual cups have been in use since a long time but very limited studies are conducted about their awareness among Indian women. Hence, in this present study, the awareness of menstrual cup among reproductive age group women was evaluated.
Methods: Data was collected from the eligible and chosen women in reproductive age through a pre-developed questionnaire and completed in the presence of the interviewer. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 1 month in Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Results: In this study, total of 508 participants were included. The maximum number of participants was in the age group of 21 years to 25 years (58.46%). The educational status of the participants was mostly in the category of undergraduate level (69.88%). The marital status of most of the participants was unmarried (89.37%). Most of the participants belong to low-income group (<Rs.20000-72.44%). 465 participants (91.5%) have heard about menstrual cups but only 1.57% of them were using menstrual cups alone whereas around 9.8% use them occasionally along with other methods.
Conclusions: Menstrual sanitary management is difficult in low-income reproductive aged women due to conventional way of life, lack of knowledge on best sanitary practices, and restricted access to suitable and reasonably priced menstrual hygiene products. As an alternative to sanitary napkins, menstrual cups can be effectively used to contain the menstrual flow. Even though it is observed that the awareness about menstrual cups is very good among the reproductive aged women in India, the usage is very limited. As menstrual sanitary management is a more and more important issue and as India is facing a major threat in the form of managing the soiled napkins waste which results in multiple complications, the usage of menstrual cups must be promoted.
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in first trimester screening and its association with maternal and foetal outcomes
Authors: R. Ashwini , K. Vijayalakshmi , R. Sailatha
Published: August 2023

Background: Maternal hypothyroid is one of the common thyroid disorder. Hypothyroidism in pregnant women who are not treated can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and respiratory distress in the newborn. Objectives were to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women during first trimester screening and its association with maternal and foetal outcomes.
Methods: The present study was a hospital based study carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India between January 2021 and January 2023. The study was carried out among the pregnant women in the first trimester visiting the outpatient department of the OBG department during the study period. Based on the thyroid profile obtained, the participants were classified into normal, subclinical hypothyroidism and overt hypothyroidism. They were then followed up to record the maternal and foetal outcome.
Results: A total of 2017 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 15.3%. The distribution of type of delivery was found to be different between hypothyroid and normal groups with more number of women underwent Caesarean delivery (18.24%) in the hypothyroid group than those in normal group. The proportion of low birth weight was also statistically higher (45.28%) in the hypothyroid group than in the normal. Similar pattern was observed with birth asphyxia. The APGAR scores recorded were also significantly lower in the hypothyroid group than in the euthyroid group with p value of less than 0.05.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 15.3%. In our study, women with hypothyroidism showed adverse maternal and foetal outcome such as more caesarean deliveries, low birth weight, and poor APGAR scores and were found to be statistically significant when compared to euthyroid women.
Acute pain abdomen in adolescents: a gynecologist’s dilemma
Authors: Priya Sowmya , Arpana Anju , C. Spandana J. , N. Rekha
Published: August 2023

Background: Ovarian torsion is 5th most common emergency in gynecology. Benign functional ovarian cysts and benign teratomas are most common among ovarian torsion. Aims and objectives were to study the outcome and HPE of all adolescent girls presenting with acute pain abdomen at BGS GIMS, Bangalore.
Methods: A study was conducted at BGS GIMS from 2020 to 2022 of all children and adolescents presenting with acute pain abdomen. Study included data consisting of age, complaints, investigations, intervention and HPE was collected and analysed.
Results: There were 21 cases between 12- and 21-years age group who presented with acute pain abdomen in the study period. Majority of them were of 16-19 years age group. Out of 21 cases, 100% of them presented with acute pain abdomen. Operative procedures included 15 (71%) exploratory laparotomy and 6 (29%) operative laparoscopies. Ovarian torsion was seen in 11 cases of which 2 cases had bilateral ovarian torsion and 9 cases had unilateral torsion. Ovarian cystectomy was done in 7 patients, unilateral oophorectomy in 3 patients and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 6 patients. Histopathology reports showed 5 cases of serous cystadenoma, 1 case of teratoma and others were mostly simple cyst or corpus luteal cysts.
Conclusions: Acute pain abdomen in adoloscents should be diagnosed early to prevent from risk of ovarian torsions. Operative procedures should aim at fertility preservation.
Safety and effectiveness of intravenous iron sucrose versus standard oral iron therapy in pregnant women with moderate anaemia in India
Authors: Soni Sadhna , Sheetal Yashika , Sharma Renu , Kundal Surbhi , Kaur Khushpreet
Published: August 2023

Background: Aim of the study was to diagnose and treat pregnant females with iron deficiency anaemia, to reduce the complications associated with anaemia in pregnancy and to compare the efficacy, safety and side effects of iron sucrose with ferrous sulphate in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.
Methods: The subjects for study were enrolled on fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After detailed history, examination and investigations of patient the dose of intravenous iron sucrose was calculated by using the following formula: dose of iron: 2.4 x Hb deficit (11-patient’s actual Hb) x body weight in kg + 500. The following investigations were done on day 1: (a) complete blood count (CBC)- Hb, MCV, MCH, MCHC and PCV; (b) urine examination. Patients was randomly allocated into two groups. Group-A: oral group- containing 150 pregnant females. Group-B: intravenous group- containing 150 pregnant females.
Results: Majority of women (48%) were from lower middle class and lower class (30%). Only 5.3% were from higher socioeconomic class (p value 0.0001). Maximum women (60%) were primigravida and 40% were multigravida. which indicates that most ladies enter pregnancy with poor iron reserves. Improvement in the mean haemoglobin levels after 4 weeks of treatment was statistically significant in both the groups (p value 0.0001). Similarly rise in the mean PCV levels after 4 weeks of the treatment was significantly associated in both the groups (p value 0.0001). There was slight rise in the mean MCV and MCH after 4 weeks. Peripheral blood film had changed from microcytic hypochromic to normocytic normochromic after 4 weeks of the treatment in both the group (p value 0.004). Presence of side effects with the oral and parenteral treatment were 81.3% and 12% respectively (p value 0.0001).
Conclusions: From our study, it can be concluded that intravenous iron sucrose has lesser side effects along with better absorption.
A study of the age profile, diagnosis, type of sample, adequacy of sample and the results of patients undergoing cervical cytology at a tertiary care center
Authors: Manivasagam Sri Saran
Published: August 2023

Background: Carcinoma of cervix is the most common genital malignancy in India. It is an indolent cancer which can be picked up at an early stage using screening methods such as Papanicoloau smear and liquid based cytology. The present study was undertaken to analyze the age distribution, diagnosis, type of sample, adequacy of sample and results of patients undergoing cervical cytology screening.
Methods: The study was conducted using 300 random cytology reports from the pathology department of a tertiary care center in the period of 5 months from January 2019 to May 2019. Patient’s data was collected and analyzed.
Results: The percentage of patients in each age group undergoing cervical cytology was: 21-30 years (7.4%), 31-40 years (14.6%), 41-50 years (36%), 51-60 years (30.7%), 61-70 years (10.7%) and 71-80 years (0.6%). The most common diagnosis/indication for doing cervical cytology is screening (41.6%), followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (24%). 95% of samples sent for cytology were liquid based cytology. Among the 300 samples sent to the pathology department for cervical cytology, 290 were adequate for opinion (97%) and 10 were inadequate for opinion (3%). The results are as follows: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (68%), inflammatory smear (8%), ASCUS (6%), ASC-H (3%), LSIL (9%), HSIL (6%).
Conclusions: Most samples belonged to the age group of 41-50 years. Common indication being screening. Most samples were adequate for opinion. Most commonly, they were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy.
Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer prevention and HPV vaccination among medical and nursing students in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Thangappah Radha B. P. , Senthilkumar Mohana Priya A. , Sureshbabu Gayathri , Dharmalingam Poovizhi , Palanisamy Anitha , Subramanian Vidhya , Desu Sri Varshitha
Published: August 2023

Background: This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention among medical and nursing students.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. The study included 407 subjects; 224 medical students, and 183 nursing students and consent was obtained from each participant prior to the study. A questionnaire survey was used to assess their knowledge on cervical cancer and its prevention.
Results: Out of the 407 participants, 95.5% of the medical students and 30.6% of the nursing students knew that HPV virus causes cervical cancer. Medical students had more knowledge on risk factors. 84.38% of medical students and 43.72% of nursing students were aware that vaccine is available for the prevention of cervical cancer. Overall nursing students had limited knowledge on cervical cancer and its prevention. 51.79% of the medical students and 27.87% of the nursing students acquired their knowledge about HPV vaccine through social media. The uptake of HPV vaccine was very low among both medical and nursing students.
Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrate that there is a need for creating more awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention among medical and nursing students.