bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Efficient Delivery of Asenapine Maleate in Antipsychotic Treatment
Authors: Rao Gopal Krishna , Jamadar Saba
Published: August 2024

Asenapine Maleate (ASPM), is the atypical antipsychotic agent used for treating various psychological disorders such as schizophrenia and acute mania associated with bipolar disorder. However, the drug's therapeutic potential is intricately linked to its solubility, bioavailability, stability, and ability to be delivered specifically to the central nervous system. The aim of the study was to design, develop, and optimize Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) encapsulating Asenapine maleate to improve the therapeutic efficacy. The development utilized a systematic approach; various formulation parameters such as lipid composition, surfactant concentration, and entrapment efficiency were meticulously optimized by employing quality-by-design principles. The optimized ASPM-loaded NLCs demonstrated a particle size of 97.6 ± 2.48 nm, zeta potential of −20mV, and entrapment efficiency of 96.74%, respectively. ASPM-loaded NLC showed initially rapid release (20%) accompanied by sustained release (75%) over 24 hr with 22-fold improvement in oral bioavailability with significantly reduced locomotor count induced by L-DOPA-carbidopa in comparison with the pure drug in Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, in-vitro and in-vivo results underscored the enhanced permeability through the blood-brain barrier with superior pharmacokinetics for the NLC. Collectively, this research elucidates the potential of optimized NLCs as robust drug delivery system for asenapine maleate, offering a promising avenue for advancing therapeutic results in the management of psychosis.
Application of knowledge distillation method with dynamic adjustment of temperature parameters in pest classification
Authors: Wang Linan , Zhao Hongmin
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the output of China's four major crops has declined due to pests and diseases. This situation poses a serious challenge to food security. Therefore, timely detection and prevention of diseases is essential. First, we use data enhancement techniques to augment the data to improve the generalization ability of the model. Secondly, to reduce the model parameters and facilitate the deployment at the terminal, we use the knowledge distillation method. Finally, a method of dynamically adjusting the parameter T according to the loss value (DYTKD) is proposed to improve the performance of the model further. The experiment shows that knowledge distillation can reduce the number of parameters while making the accuracy of the student model as close as possible to the teacher model 98.94%. Meanwhile, data augmentation can also improve the accuracy of the model by 6.83%. Compared with the basic knowledge distillation method, the accuracy of DYTKD was increased by 1.3% without changing the student network and other parameters, and the accuracy of pest identification and classification was effectively improved. Among 1342 pest pictures, 1221 were correctly identified and accurately classified. Our codes are available at https://github.com/wln130221/DYTKD.
Research on the Improved BM3D Denoising Algorithm for Remote Sensing Images Based on Context Aggregation Network
Authors: ZHOU YING , Ren Chao , Shao Hongjuan , Liang Yueji , Huang Liangke
Published: August 2024

Denoising remote sensing images is important for their subsequent use and research. To meet the demands of image denoising in strong noise environments, this study proposes an improved BM3D remote sensing image denoising network (CBMNet) based on a context aggregation network. Initially, the original image is read, and the image outputted by BM3D filtering is stored. Following this, random patches extracted from the original image are fed into the network alongside the image processed through BM3D filtering to extract data, which is then input into the network. Subsequently, multi-scale CAN layers are established to calculate the l_2 loss function between the standard output of the BM3D filter and the network response post-processing the input image using the CAN network. Ultimately, the CBMNet network is trained to approximate the BM3D filtering operator. The experimental results indicate that, both in terms of subjective visual assessment and objective evaluation metrics, the proposed method outperforms the classical BM3D algorithm as well as the Wiener, mean, and Gaussian filtering denoising methods in removing strong Gaussian noise from remote sensing images. Additionally, the proposed method better preserves image edge details and texture information, resulting in clearer image outputs. This has significant reference value and practical utility for subsequent application research in remote sensing imagery. These results bear substantial reference significance and practical utility for subsequent applications in remote sensing imagery research.
The self-organized structure of glioma oncostreams and the disruptive role of passive cells.
Authors: Barberis Lucas , Condat Carlos A. , Faisal Syed M. , Lowenstein Pedro R.
Published: August 2024

Oncostreams are self-organized structures formed by spindle-like, elongated, self-propelled cells recently described in glioblastomas and especially in gliosarcomas. Cells within these structures either move as large clusters in one main direction, flocks, or as linear, intermingling collections of cells advancing in opposite directions, streams. Round, passive cells are also observed, either inside or segregated from the oncostreams. Here we generalize a recently formulated particle-field approach to investigate the genesis and evolution of these structures, first showing that, in systems consisting only of identical self-propelled cells, both flocks and streams emerge as self-organized dynamic configurations. Flocks are the more stable configurations, while streams are transient and usually originate in collisions between flocks. Stream degradation is easier at low self-propulsion speeds. In systems consisting of both motile and passive cells, the latter block stream formation and accelerate their degradation and flock stabilization. Since the flock appears to be the most effective invasive structure, we thus argue that a phenotype mixture (motile and passive cells) may favor glioblastoma invasion. Oncostreams embody the spontaneous break of symmetry that results from the interplay between speed, shape, and steric repulsion.
Enriching the physical and mechanical properties of paper sheets by covering their surfaces with coats containing novel core-shell pigment
Authors: Adel Abeer M. , Ahmed Nivin M. , Kader Amal H. Abdel , Al-Shemy Mona K. , El-Sabour Mona A.
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on the development of coating films composed of the biodegradable poly (lactic acid) (PLA) combined with metal oxide TiO2/SiO2 core-shell pigments for enhancing the properties of paper sheets used in packaging, besides overcoming the limitations of the individual materials. The objective of this work is to investigate the impact of the different pigment concentrations on the structural, mechanical and barrier properties of the coated paper sheets. Coated papers with biodegradable materials are essential for improving the different properties, such as density, surface gloss, smoothness, and moisture resistance. In addition, core-shell pigments can offer enhanced properties by combining the different properties of more than one component together; such as titanium and silicon oxides, which can provide availability and low cost. The relevant physical and chemical properties for the prepared coating composites and the altered paper sheets were evaluated using XRD, XRF, TEM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, CA and TGA. The findings can contribute to the progress of sustainable and functional packaging materials, highlighting the importance of core-shell pigments in improving their performance.
Efficacy analysis of different approaches of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic local anesthesia in the treatment of L5- S1 disc herniation
Authors: Feng Dongwei , Jian Wei , Zhang Yaxin , Jiao Baoliang , Wu Weize , Ding Jianan , Wang Yunhe , Jia Heping , Li Zhaowei
Published: August 2024

Background: Both transforaminal and interlaminar approaches are effective methods for the treatment of L5-S1 disc herniation. Few studies have compared the efficacy and complications of two approaches under local anesthesia in the treatment of L5-S1 disc herniation
Methods:
From May 2018 to July 2021, 72 patients with L5-S1 disc herniation were randomized to the transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD, n = 36) or interlaminar endoscopic lumbar discectomy (IELD, n = 36). Both procedures were performed under 1% lidocaine local anesthesia. The baseline data, puncture time, radiation time, operative time unde the endoscope, total operation time, hospitalization time, bed rest time, and complications were compared between the two groups. In addition, Likert five-point scale was used for evaluation of patients experience to local anesthesia and tolerance to re-operation was assessed as well. The efficacy of surgery was assessed according to Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and modified MacNab score.
Results: All patients with an average follow-up of 27.5 months. Compared to the IELD group, the TELD group had a longer puncture time (15.31±2.53>5.11±1.67, P < 0.001) and radiation time (8.44±2.01>4.61±1.27, P < 0.001) but a shorter total operative time(52.22±5.44<58.53±0.69, P=0.001) , operative time unde the endoscope(36.92±5.79<53.42±9.60, P < 0.001) and lower VAS scores for intraoperative back pain (P < 0.001) and leg pain (P<0.001). The postoperative VAS score and ODI score in both groups were significantly lower than those before operation(P<0.001), and there was no significant difference for each data collection time between the two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative survey showed that the satisfaction rate of TELD group was higher than that of IELD group(P=0.026), TELD group was superior to IELD group in tolerance to re-operation(P =0.007). According to MacNab criteria, the excellent and good rate rates of TELD group and IELD group were 93.3% and 90.0%, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
For L5/S1 DH, Both TELD and IELD can achieve good clinical efficacy under local anesthesia. Compared with PETD, PEID had lower puncture time, total operation time, and radiation exposure, but higher incidence of intraoperative low back pain and patients satisfactory rates less.
Beyond Conventions: Evaluating Ensemble Learning Methods for Precise Fatigue Life Estimation
Authors: Farhadi Sasan , Tatullo Samuele , Ferrian Francesco
Published: August 2024

Efficient prediction of fatigue life in structural components is crucial for ensur- ing their integrity and reliability, especially considering the dominant occurrence of fatigue failure in metallic structures within the industrial sectors. Conven- tional fatigue assessment methods, although theoretically established, are often time-consuming and exhibit limitations due to the intricate nature of the fatigue mechanism. Machine learning models have demonstrated significant potential for enhancing the efficiency of predictions in fatigue life. This research explores the effectiveness of ensemble learning models—boosting, stacking, and bag- ging—compared to linear regression and K-Nearest Neighbors as benchmarks. Fatigue life prediction is conducted across different notched scenarios using Incre- mental Energy Release Rate (IERR) measures in addition to the more standard stress/strain field measures. To assess the performance of the proposed models, a comprehensive set of evaluation metrics was performed, including mean square error (MSE), mean squared logarithmic error (MSLE), symmetric mean abso- lute percentage (SMAPE), and Tweedie score. The findings reveal that ensemble learning models, particularly the ensemble neural networks, stands out as a superior approach for fatigue life cycle assessment compared to other methods. Moreover, the integration of IERR in predicting fatigue life for notched-shape components indicates a promising approach for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of fatigue life predictions in real-world industrial applications.
ERCP-related Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients: A 10-Years Single-Site Review
Authors: Li Qinqin , Li Suolin , Hou Senlin , Zhang Lichao , Chen Shengxiong , Wang Jianlong , Lv Jiaxun , Wu Yuqing , Huang Qizheng , Li Yingchao
Published: August 2024

Purpose
This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pediatric patients by examining ERCP-related adverse events (AEs) occurring over a decade at a single center.
Methods
Pediatric patients under 18 years old who underwent ERCP at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from 1/2013 to 11/2023 were included. ERCP-related AEs were defined according to ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline. Clinical data of patients experiencing ERCP-related AEs were obtained from electronic medical records for analysis.
Results
Over the past decade, a total of 76 pediatric patients underwent 113 ERCP procedures, including 26 patients who underwent repeat ERCP, totaling 63 procedures. There were 32 males and 44 females, with a median age of 13 years (range 3 years and 5 months–17 years and 9 months). Among all ERCP procedures, 14 (12.4%) were diagnostic and 99 (87.6%) were therapeutic, with a 100% success rate. 16 cases (14.2%) of ERCP-related AEs, all post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), were observed, while no other AEs defined by ESGE such as bleeding, perforation, cholangitis, cholecystitis, or sedation-related events were noted. Additionally, 23 cases (20.4%) of ERCP-related AEs not included in the ESGE definition were observed, including post-ERCP abdominal pain in 20 cases (17.7%), post-ERCP nausea and vomiting in 2 cases (1.8%), and unplanned reoperation in 1 case (0.9%). In the 26 cases of pediatric patients who underwent repeat ERCP, we observed that AEs occurred in 15 cases (57.7%) during their initial ERCP, which was much higher than the overall average level.
Conclusions
Post-ERCP abdominal pain and PEP are the most common ERCP-related AEs in pediatric patients, while severe AEs such as bleeding and perforation are rare. The incidence of AEs after initial ERCP in pediatric patients who received repeat ERCP is higher than the overall average level. Based on our center's experience, we believe that ERCP can be safely performed in children over 3 years old with biliary and pancreatic diseases and obtain reliable clinical benefits. However, active monitoring and management of ERCP-related AEs are essential to improve the clinical outcomes of pediatric ERCP.
Propionate–producing bacteria, Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici, prevents metabolic dysregulation via GPR41 signaling in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
Authors: Miyamoto Junki , Ando Yuna , Yamano Mayu , Nishida Akari , Murakami Kota , Kimura Ikuo
Published: August 2024

Obesity is a major healthcare problem worldwide and is induced by excess energy intake, resulting in gut microbial composition and microbial diversity changes. Through fermentation of dietary fibers, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) act as host energy sources and signaling molecules via G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR41. Acidipropionibacterium acidipropionici is widely used in many applications; however, in vivo studies on the effect of A. acidipropionici on propionate production and the regulation of energy homeostasis are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the beneficial metabolic effects of A. acidipropionici by focusing on GPR41 signaling in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model. Here, we demonstrated that A. acidipropionici OB7439 (OB7439) improved host metabolism in HFD-induced obesity in mice. The intake of OB7439 improved metabolism in HFD-induced obese mice by increasing propionate production, regulating glucose tolerance, and inhibiting hepatic inflammation via GPR41 signaling. Our findings shed light on the potential of using OB7439 as an SCFA producer for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Based on these results, A. acidipropionici may serve as a potential therapeutic bacteria that inhibits obesity and modulates the gut microbial community.
Self-Supervised Multi-Level Generative Adversarial Network Data Imputation Algorithm
Authors: Xu Yi , Fang Shujuan , Xing Xuhui
Published: August 2024

Data missing has always been a challenging problem in machine learning. The Generative Adversarial Imputation Networks (GAIN) have been shown to outperform many existing solutions. However, in GAIN, because missing values lack ground truth as supervision, it is unable to construct reconstruction loss for missing values and can only judge the reasonableness of imputed values based on reconstruction loss of non-missing values and adversarial loss. From the perspective of granular computing, data has levels, and data at different levels of granularity encapsulates different knowledge. Therefore, based on granular computing, this paper proposes a self-supervised multi-level generative adversarial network data imputation algorithm (MGAIN). Firstly, multiple levels of data are constructed using nested feature set sequences. Then, GAIN is used to impute missing values at the coarsest granularity level, and the imputation results of missing values at the coarse granularity level are used as supervision for imputing missing values at the fine granularity level, constructing reconstruction loss for missing values at the fine granularity level. Finally, based on reconstruction loss of missing values, reconstruction loss of non-missing values, and adversarial loss, data at the finer granularity level is imputed. MGAIN imputes missing values level by level from the coarse granularity level to the fine granularity level to obtain more accurate imputation results. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Protective Role of CD44 and microRNA-146a in Tendinopathy: A Signaling Axis Targets Apoptosis
Authors: Hsu Che-Chia , Chen Shih-Yao , Ko Po-Yen , Jou I-Ming , Yang Hung-Wei , Chung Woei-Jer , Wu Po-Ting
Published: August 2024

Objective
Tendinopathy refers to the clinical condition characterized by pain in a tendon accompanied by significant dysfunction, with preference given to pathological terms such as tendinitis and tendinosis. It is influenced by multiple factors, including chronic inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. CD44 serves as a principal cell-surface receptor for hyaluronan (HA), a constituent of the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of the CD44 signaling pathway induces apoptosis, inflammation, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in tendinopathic tenocytes. Furthermore, microRNA-146a (miR-146a) blocks interleukin-1β (IL)-1β-induced senescence in tendinopathic tenocytes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the signaling axis between CD44 and miR-146a in tendinopathic tenocytes and tendons, which may finely regulate apoptosis.
Methods
Overexpression of CD44 and miR-146a in rat primary tendinopathic tenocytes and tendons were achieved through lentiviral vector-mediated transfer of CD44 cDNA (LVCD44) and precursor miR-146a (LVmiR-146a). TUNEL staining was performed to evaluate apoptosis. Additionally, LY294002, a PI3K/AKT inhibitor, and OX-50, an antagonizing antibody that blocks CD44 activity, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the CD44-AKT-miR-146a signaling axis targeting Smad4 in tendinopathic tenocytes and tendons.
Results
Tendinopathic tenocyte transfectants overexpressing CD44 and miR-146a exhibited lower apoptotic cell numbers compared to transfectants treated with control vectors. Furthermore, the CD44-AKT-miR-146a signaling axis was shown to alleviate apoptosis in IL-1β-stimulated tendinopathic tenocytes and rat collagenase-induced Achilles tendons by inhibiting Smad4 expression.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that overexpression of CD44 and miR-146a protects tendinopathic tenocytes and tendons from apoptosis through the AKT/miR-146a/Smad4 signaling pathway.
Demonstration of Shape Analysis of Neutron Resonance Transmission Spectrum Measured with a Laser-driven Neutron Source
Authors: Koizumi Mitsuo , Ito Fumiaki , Lee Jaehong , Hironaka Kota , Takahashi Tohn , suzuki Satoshi , Arikawa Yasunobu , Abe Yuki , Lan Zechen , Wei Tianyun , Mori Takato , Hayakawa Tekehito , Yogo Akifumi
Published: August 2024

Laser-driven neutron sources (LDNSs) can generate strong short-pulse neutron beams, which are valuable for scientific studies and engineering applications. Neutron resonance transmission analysis (NRTA) is a nondestructive assay method for determining the areal density of each nuclide in a material sample using pulsed thermal and epithermal neutrons. An experiment demonstrating resonance-transition-spectrum measurement was conducted using an LDNS driven by the Laser for Fast Ignition Experiment at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. A 6Li glass scintillation neutron detector with a gating circuit was placed 3.6 m from the LDNS. The output waveforms from the neutron detector were recorded and analyzed offline using the counting method. A resonance spectrum was extracted from only the data of three laser shots using a 115In and 109Ag plate sample. A simulated spectrum reproduced the experimental spectrum shapes. Shape analysis of the obtained spectrum was performed, and the fitting results reproduced the experimental parameters. These results indicate the applicability of an LDNS to NRTA for nondestructive material analysis.
The Degree of Cross-linking of Polyacrylic Acid Affects the Fibrogenicity in Rat Lungs
Authors: Tomonaga Taisuke , Izumi Hiroto , Nishida Chinatsu , Sato Kazuma , Nakamura Yuiko , Morimoto Toshiki , Higashi Yasuyuki , Wang Ke-Yong , Higashi Hidenori , Kojima Takuma , Sakurai Kazuo , Takeshita Jun-ichi , Moriyama Akihiro , Yamasaki Kei , Yatera Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yasuo
Published: August 2024

Background: Polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different concentrations of cross-linker was instilled into the trachea of ​​rats to examine the effect of PAA crosslink density on lung disorders. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to low and high doses of PAA with cross-linker concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (CL0.1%, CL1.0%, and CL5.0%, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure.
Results: PAA with different cross-linker concentrations caused an increase in neutrophil influx, cytokine-induced neutrophils, and chemotactic factor (CINC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days to 1 week after instillation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in BALF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) release in lung tissue were higher in the CL0.1% exposure group during the acute phase. Lung histopathological findings also showed that severe fibrotic changes induced by CL0.1% were greater than those observed in CL1.0% and CL5.0% exposure during the observation period.
Conclusions: CL0.1% was associated with more severe lung fibrosis, and a decrease in lung fibrosis was observed with increasing cross-linker concentrations, suggesting that the cross-link density of PAA is a physicochemical feature that affects lung disorders.
Experimental measurement for the optical power of interference between two coherent Gaussian laser beams
Authors: Wang Qiankai
Published: August 2024

In reference [Optik, 191, 33–36(2019)], the theoretical research on the optical power of interference between two coherent Gaussian laser beams has been conducted, the theoretical results showed that the resultant electric field power of interference between two coherent Gaussian laser beams can be unequal to the entire electric field power of two independent laser beams. In the present study, we have conducted a experimental measurement for the resultant electric field power of interference between two coherent Gaussian laser beams. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical results. The reason of variation for the entire resultant electric field energy has been discussed according to the principle of conservation of energy.
Advanced Elasticity and Biodegradability of Bio-based Copolyester Elastomer achieved by the Decrystallization of Isosorbide and Flexibility of 1,6-Hexanediol
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Huang Ran , Tang Lisheng
Published: August 2024

The stability to against hydrolysis while maintaining excellent elasticity is one of most challenging problem in the development of biodegradable and environmental-friendly polyester elastomer. While monomers of longer chain can provide higher stability, the high crystallinity and rigidity impair their application in fabricating elastomer. This work reported a star-crosslinked Poly(butanediol-hexanediol-isosorbitol-itaconate-sebacate) (PBHIIS) elastomer synthesized by esterification and thermal curing. With the decrystallization effect of isosorbide as a large and rigid monomer, and the flexibility of 1,6-Hexanediol, the rigid (butanediol-itaconate-sebacate) copolyester system is successfully transformed from plastic to be elastomer with lower Tm and Tg, much higher elongation at break, and smaller tensile modulus, and the biodegradability is also improved. The strategy is demonstrated to be efficient and may serve as a potential technique in the future development of biodegradable elastomers.
Effects of physical activity on smart phone addiction in college students-chain mediation of self-control and stress perception
Authors: Ye Zicong , Zhang Ting , Peng Ying , Rao Wei , Yao Jie
Published: August 2024

Purpose
With the development of science and technology and the popularization of smart phones, the phenomenon of smart phone addiction has become more and more serious, especially among college students. This is not only a habit problem, but also an important topic involving physical, psychological and social health. Staring at the smart phone screen for a long time and over-immersing in various applications lead to not only physical problems such as vision loss and hearing weakening, but also deeper social and psychological problems such as increased psychological pressure and decreased social skills.Dual-process theory provides us with a unique perspective to deeply analyze the complex mechanisms behind smart phone addiction. Physical activity, as a healthy lifestyle, can help individuals to better resist the temptation of smart phones by increasing the level of physical activity and enhancing their self-control.
Methods
A total of 600 college students from two universities, Wuhan University of Science and Technology and Central China Normal University, were surveyed using the Physical Activity Scale, Stress Perception Scale, self-control Scale, and smart phone Addiction Burnout Scale. The questionnaire was statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0 statistical analysis software. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation model were used to evaluate the relationships among physical activity, self-control, stress perception, and smart phone addiction among college students.
Results
Physical activity among college students was directly associated with smart phone addiction (β=-0.038), significantly mediated by self-control (β=-0.014), indirectly mediated by exercise adherence (β=-0.003), and indirectly mediated by self-control and stress perception (β=-0.004). Physical activity was a significant negative predictor of smart phone addiction among college students (β=-0.038, P < 0.001), and with the addition of the intermediate variables (self-control and stress perception), physical activity remained a significant negative predictor of smart phone addiction among college students (β=-0.017,P < 0.01).
Conclusion
Physical activity and self-control negatively predicted smart phone addiction, and stress perception was a negative predictor of smart phone addiction;self-control mediates in physical activity and smart phone addiction;stress perception mediates physical activity and smart phone addiction;self-control and stress perception play a chain mediating role in physical activity and smart phone addiction.
In water, Green and Efficient Multicomponent Synthesis of 4H-Pyran Derivatives catalyzed by LiOH·H 2 O under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Masmoudi Nihel , Chtourou Manef
Published: August 2024

This research work introduce a straightforward and efficient method for synthesizing 4H-pyrans via a multi-component cyclocondensation reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and ethyl acetoacetate. This environmentally friendly approach utilizes ultrasound and water as the reaction medium, enabling the production of 4H-pyrans with good yields at room temperature. Notably, commercially available LiOH·H2O serves as a dual-activated catalyst, facilitating the formation of benzylidene intermediates and serving as a mild base for 4H-pyran production. The simplicity of the operational procedure, short reaction times, cleanliness, low cost and ready availability of LiOH·H2O, high efficiency, and excellent yields collectively render this novel approach highly appealing for 4H-pyran synthesis.
Large CO2 seeps and hydrates field in the Indian Ocean (Mayotte Island)
Authors: Cathalot Cécile , Rinnert Emmanuel , Scalabrin Carla , Fandino Olivia , Giunta Thomas , Ondreas Hélène , Rouxel Olivier , Rabouille Christophe , DUMOULIN Jean-Pascal , Bombled Bruno , Manoux Marine , Walker Sharon , Chavagnac Valérie , Rizzo Andrea , Tardivel Morgan , Prado Enora , Rawke Maria El , Mastin Manon , Donval Jean-Pierre , Guyader Vivien , Page Gabrielle , Matabos Marjolaine , Feuillet Nathalie
Published: August 2024

About 80% of Earth volcanic activity occurs underwater, releasing deep carbon to submarine environments and impacting Earth’s climate over geological timescales. The CO2 emitted during submarine eruptions and/or hydrothermal degassing creates local ocean acidification, affecting the seawater carbonate equilibrium and oceanic ecosystems at large regional scales. Here, we report for the first time the existence of a major CO2 hydrates field at the seafloor offshore Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean) associated with liquid CO2 venting, following the submarine eruption that occurred in 2018. Using detailed acoustic surveys and in situ Raman spectroscopy, we reveal multiple hydrate mounds and seep zones distributed over an area of 0.06 km². We show that the gas seeps are mainly composed of CO2, with minor contributions of CH4 and H2, with noble gas ratios and stable and radio-carbon isotopes clearly demonstrating their magmatic origin. Estimates of the CO2 emitted over the entire area represent about 0.5% of the global magmatic carbon flux. Our discovery also suggests that CO2 hydrates may potentially be stable at the seafloor at the right pressure-temperature conditions, bringing new prospects into CO2 sequestration and decarbonization pathways in the ocean, in particular regarding kinetics of hydrates dissolution and environmental impacts.
MENSA, a Media Enriched with Newly Synthesized Antibodies, to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Persistence and Latent Viral Reactivation in Long-COVID
Authors: Lee Frances , Haddad Natalie , Morrison-Porter Andrea , Quehl Hannah , Capric Violeta , Lamothe Pedro , Anam Fabliha , Runnstrom Martin , Truong Alexander , Dixit Adviteeya , Woodruff Matthew , Chen Anting , Park Jiwon , Nguyen Doan , Hentenaar Ian , Kim Caroline , Kyu Shuya , Stewart Brandon , Wagman Elizabeth , Geoffroy Hannah , Sanz Daniel , Cashman Kevin , Ramonell Richard , Cabrera-Mora Monica , Alter David , Roback John , Horwath Michael , O’Keefe James , Dretler Alexandra , Gripaldo Ria , Yeligar Samantha , Natoli Ted , Betin Viktoria , Patel Rahulkumar , Vela Kennedy , Hernandez Mindy Rodriguez , Usman Sabeena , Varghese John , Jalal Anum , Lee Saeyun , Lee Sang , Amoss R. , Daiss John , Sanz Ignacio
Published: August 2024

Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) infection (PASC) is a heterogeneous condition, but the main viral drivers are unknown. Here, we use MENSA, Media Enriched with Newly Synthesized Antibodies, secreted exclusively from circulating human plasmablasts, to provide an immune snapshot that defines the underlying viral triggers. We provide proof-of-concept testing that the MENSA technology can capture the new host immune response to accurately diagnose acute primary and breakthrough infections when known SARS2 virus or proteins are present. It is also positive after vaccination when spike proteins elicit an acute immune response. Applying the same principles for long-COVID patients, MENSA is positive for SARS2 in 40% of PASC vs none of the COVID recovered (CR) patients without any sequelae demonstrating ongoing SARS2 viral inflammation only in PASC. Additionally, in PASC patients, MENSAs are also positive for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in 37%, Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 23%, and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) in 15% compared to 17%, 4%, and 4% in CR controls respectively. Combined, a total of 60% of PASC patients have a positive MENSA for SARS2, EBV, CMV, and/or HSV2. MENSA offers a unique antibody snapshot to reveal the underlying viral drivers in long-COVID thus demonstrating the persistence of SARS2 and reactivation of viral herpes in 60% of PASC patients.
Alkyl Triflimidate-Mediated Electrochemical Deaminative Functionalization
Authors: Wang Yi , Shu Hui , Tao Xiangzhang , Ni Shengyang , Liu Jiyang , Xu Jia , Pan Yi
Published: August 2024

An efficient electrochemical strategy for the deaminative functionalization of alkyl amines has been described. The alkyl triflimidates was readily accessed by the treatment of primary alkyl amines with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride and unprecedentedly employed for C − N bond activation. Under cellular conditions or with the promotion of bases, triflimidates can be applied to a range of transformations, including boronation, sulfuration, selenization, sulfonation, oxidation, esterification, and amidation.
Attitude of Elementary School Teachers to Pedagogical Improvisation
Authors: Pirogova Svetlana V. ,   A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, Kotova Svetlana A. ,   A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of pedagogical improvisation in the professional activity of a teacher. The authors consider pedagogical improvisation as an important condition for solving the problems of building personalized education, ensuring its flexible adjustment to the dynamically changing needs of students. The historical way of introducing this concept into scientific theory is revealed. The purpose of the study is to determine the understanding of the essence of pedagogical improvisation, the conditions for its implementation, as well as the readiness of elementary school teachers to improve their competence in the use of pedagogical improvisation. Theoretical analysis, generalization of pedagogical experience and questioning were used as research methods. The contingent of primary school teachers was chosen due to the fact that the practice of primary education requires the most rapid adjustment to the needs and psycho-emotional state of younger students. It was revealed that the majority of primary school teachers (up to 80 %) have insufficiently clear ideas about pedagogical improvisation. Teachers associate this concept with such competence parameters as “speech skills”, “professionalism”, “acting skills”, “pedagogical skills”. The study compared the value judgments of young professionals with less than 5 years of experience and experienced teachers with more than 25 years of experience, but no significant differences were found in their positions. Respondents actively and positively responded to the proposal to improve their skills in the field of using pedagogical improvisation. Young teachers prefer various forms of competence development in the field of pedagogical improvisation, such as self-education, individual work under the guidance of a master, and a creative laboratory. Experienced teachers preferred master classes and self-education. The results obtained indicate the need to improve the competence of teaching staff in the use of pedagogical improvisation and can be used both in the training of teaching staff and in the system of advanced training to fill the professional deficits of teachers.
Implementation of the Pedagogical Path at the University: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Starostina Svetlana E. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: August 2024

Understanding the need to change education in the context of its personalization is aimed at studying this problem, both in theoretical and applied aspects. The purpose of the study: to analyze the activities of the population in the design of pedagogical trajectories; identification of tools for individualization of the educational process; substantiation of the generalized structure of the educational program, which makes it possible to implement flexible educational trajectories. Both theoretical (comparative analysis and synthesis, design) and empirical (observation, conversation, experimental implementation of scientific trajectories) methods have been used in the research. It has been found that there is a trend of modern vocational education focused on individual educational activities, implemented through the introduction of personalized flexible educational programs and the construction of a targeted educational trajectory using the tools of a personalized learning model. The analysis of the personalized training model tools use and experience in developing individual modular curricula have allowed to present a generalized structure of the educational program, including: university-wide models of modules of the university invariant; professional educational educational programs (Major), containing significant polygroups obtained by the field of knowledge, disciplines of the UGSN / directions, disciplines of the orientation of the educational program; mobility module (Minor), aimed at mastering the advanced training of students. It is shown that the target educational trajectory is a multitasking, multifactorial problem, which is not limited to the development of a modular individual curriculum and the use of tools for individualizing the educational process, but requires. The results obtained are used in the design of personalized flexible educational programs in order to implement educational trajectories for students.
Genetic Strategies for Heat-Tolerant Pigeon pea: A Comprehensive Review on GWAS, QTLs, and Beyond
Authors: Singh Dr. Dalveer ,   Sanskriti University mathura, Garg Pooja , Hilli Harshavardhan J , Singh Kanchan Kumar ,   ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa campus, New Delhi,   Sanskriti University Mathura,   Sanskriti University Mathura
Published: August 2024

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth], a vital global protein source, faces substantial yield losses due to severe heat stress during reproduction. Genetic diversity exploration, employing GWAS and QTL mapping, reveals markers linked to heat resistance and identifies crucial candidate genes. Heat stress disrupts germination, pod development, and photosynthesis, resulting in smaller grains. Pigeon pea's physiological responses, including a sophisticated osmotic mechanism, showcase its ability to adapt to elevated temperatures. Certain genotypes exhibit notable heat tolerance, informing the breeding of resilient cultivars. Functional genomics, using techniques like RNA-seq, uncovers key heat stress-tolerant genes, offering avenues for potential genetic modifications. The review guides transformative interventions for sustainable cultivation, emphasizing the importance of incorporating identified markers into breeding and crop management practices for effective heat mitigation. Challenges persist, including exploring gene regulation and epigenetic aspects associated with the heat stress response. This comprehensive overview contributes to the development of sustainable cultivation practices, vital for ensuring food security amid climate change.
Ультразвуковое исследование легких в отделении анестезиологии-реанимации детского кардиохирургического профиля: обзор литературы
Authors: Грицан Алексей Иванович , Пфейфер А. А. , Гурченко С. А. , Ильиных К. А. , Сакович В. А.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with a high risk of developing acute respiratory failure in the early postoperative period. An anesthesia and intensive care specialist has to make effective and quick decisions of the intensive care tactics considering the severity of the children’s condition, limited capacity of transporting and radiation exposure. As a result, there is the demand for a simple, quick, safe and highly sensitive method available to the anesthesia and intensive care specialist at the bedside, which may be met through implementation of routine lung ultrasound. OBJECTIVE: To combine, organize and analyze the data on application of lung ultrasound as a bedside diagnostic method in pediatric cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two independent researchers conducted a systematic review of articles published within the period from 2013 to 2023 in English (PubMed, Google Scholar) and Russian (eLibrary, Google Scholar) databases according to the PRISMA protocols. The search was based on the queries: “lung ultrasound”, “children”, “cardiac surgery”, “respiratory failure” in both English and Russian. The overall search result was 528 articles in English with 494 excluded from search after title and abstract reading. A total of 34 articles were considered for inclusion with 20 falling under at least one exclusion criterion. The final selection for detailed analysis was 14 articles. In Russian, a total of 897 articles were found, all of which were considered inappropriate for a systematic review. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles were studied to reveal information on the role of lung ultrasound in pediatric cardiac surgery as a method for diagnosis and assessment of interstitial syndrome, atelectasis, pneumothorax, diaphragmatic function and complex combined lung diseases. The utility of perioperative lung ultrasound and the effect of recruitment maneuver under ultrasound guidance as well as ultrasound predictors of successful tracheal extubation were assessed in children after cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The literature analysis has revealed that this bedside diagnostic method makes it possible to diagnose pulmonary edema, atelectasis, pneumothorax, to assess the diaphragmatic function, to perform visually guided recruitment maneuver as well as to predict successful tracheal extubation in pediatric cardiac surgery.
Ferric vs. ferrous arsenate amorphous precursors: properties and controls on scorodite mineralization
Authors: Chang Pei , Zhu Xiangyu , Cai Hongming , Zhang Jianchao , Li Siliang , Lu Xiancai , Wang Rucheng , Teng Hui Henry
Published: August 2024

Amorphous iron-arsenate precipitates are significant As sinks in natural and industrial settings, and often serve as precursors to the crystallization of ferric arsenate minerals such as scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) and kankite (FeAsO4·3.5H2O). These amorphous phases have varied structures and compositions depending on geochemical conditions under which they form, but have not been well characterized except the frequently encountered amorphous ferric arsenate (represented as AFeIII in present study). Here, we intend to characterize another phase, amorphous ferrous arsenate (AFeII), which is formed in partially oxidized Fe(II)-As(V) systems, and carry out a comparative study on the properties and related scorodite mineralization processes relative to those of AFeIII. We synthesized both AFeII and AFeIII, determined their compositions and structures, and finally examined the amorphous-crystalline phase transition processes leading to scorodite mineralization. Computed chemical formulae showed AFeIII and AFeII can be represented by Fe(III)0.99AsO4·4.1H2O and Fe(III)0.48Fe(II)0.43(HAsO4)0.7(AsO4)0.3·4.0H2O, respectively, with AFeII containing 47.3% Fe(II) deduced from the pre-edge data of Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Structurally, the Fe-O bond at 2.02 ± 0.01 Å in AFeII was significantly longer than that of 1.99 ± 0.01 Å in AFeIII and scorodite. In addition, AFeII appeared to have a higher stability (slower kinetics of scorodite crystallization) under either atmospheric or aqueous conditions. Together with solution chemistry measurements, these findings suggest AFeII controls scorodite formation by limiting the occurrence of aqueous Fe3+ and retard amorphous-scorodite phase transition compared to the case of AFeIII. These findings improve our understanding of iron arsenate system and may find industrial applications to arsenic sequestration via scorodite mineralization.
Spontaneously broken (-1)-form U(1) symmetries
Authors: Aloni Daniel , García-Valdecasas Eduardo , Reece Matthew , Suzuki Motoo
Published: August 2024

Spontaneous breaking of symmetries leads to universal phenomena. We extend this notion to (-1)(−1)-form U(1) symmetries. The spontaneous breaking is diagnosed by a dependence of the vacuum energy on a constant background field \thetaθ, which can be probed by the topological susceptibility. This leads to a reinterpretation of the Strong CP problem as arising from a spontaneously broken instantonic symmetry in QCD. We discuss how known solutions to the problem are unified in this framework and explore some, so far unsuccessful, attempts to find new solutions.
SELECT: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in obese patients with cardiovascular disease in the absence of diabetes
Authors: Kotit Susy , Sous Marina
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Obesity is a global epidemic affecting 2.5 billion people and is recognized as the fourth leading cause of global mortality. Obesity is characterized by excessive accumulation of body fat and is associated with a range of health consequences, including an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have been proven to reduce cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes.
Study and results: The SELECT trial was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled, event-driven superiority trial, conducted at 804 clinical sites in 41 countries. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio, to receive once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg or placebo. The primary cardiovascular efficacy endpoint was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, assessed in a time-to-first-event analysis.
A total of 17,604 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 61.6 years and 72.3% males. The mean duration of exposure to semaglutide or placebo in the overall trial population was 34.2±13.7 months. The primary CVD endpoint occurred in 6.5% (n=569) of the semaglutide group and 8% (n=701) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.90; P<0.001).
Unveiling insights with ChatGPT: A dialogue on deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Jani Rutva
Published: August 2024

[No abstract, showing first paragraph]

Developed by OpenAI, ChatGPT is engineered to be exceptionally smart and user-friendly, capable of grasping and replying to intricate queries in a way that feels natural and human-like. With its advanced capabilities, ChatGPT is transforming our engagement with technology and leading the charge toward a future of innovative, conversational AI.