bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El futuro pertenece por entero al Comunismo! Influencias del cine de ciencia ficción de la URSS y de otros países del Este en el imaginario literario cubano
Authors: Aguiar Raúl
Published: September 2015

Resumen: La ciencia ficción cubana, particularmente en los años 80 del siglo XX, resulta bastante diferente de la realizada en otros países de Latinoamérica. Este artículo trata de desentrañar la influencia que pudo tener en la configuración de tal especificidad el cine fantástico soviético estrenado en Cuba de manera regular desde 1961 hasta la desaparición de la URSS. El  texto, por un lado, reconstruye cronológicamente la presencia del cine fantástico soviético en la isla. Por otro, aborda con detalle la influencia directa de tales películas en el imaginario fantástico de la literatura cubana. Lo hace a través de algunas obras esenciales del fantástico soviético como El hombre anfibio (Tchabotae y Kazanski, 1961), El planeta de las tormentas (Klushantsev, 1962), La nebulosa de Andrómeda (Sherstobitov, 1967), Solaris (Tarkovski, 1971) y El silencio del doctor Ivens (Metalnikov, 1973) y de la literatura cubana, como Transparencia (Ángel Arango, 1982), Espiral (Agustín de Rojas, 1980) y Beatriz (Félix Lizarraga, 1981).Abstract: Cuban science-fiction, especially in the 80’s, is quite different from the science-fiction written in other Latin countries. This paper tries to unravel the influence that fantastic Soviet films, which were regularly premiered in Cuba since 1961 until the demise of the USSR, could have had in shaping such specificity in Cuban literature. The text, firstly, reconstructs chronologically the presence of fantastic Soviet cinema in the island. Secondly, it addresses in detail the direct influence of such movies in fantastic Cuban literature. It does so through some essential works of Soviet fantastic.
'Escrituras para el siglo XXI. Literatura y blogosfera', de Daniel Escandell Montiel
Authors: Martínez Rubio José
Published: September 2015

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Caviar con Ron: 'Sdelano na Kube'
Authors: Loss Jacqueline , Prieto José Manuel
Published: September 2015

En Caviar con Ron: 'Sdelano na Kube', Jacqueline Loss y José Manuel Prieto analizan la gama vasta de actitudes hacia lo soviético -desde una minimización del impacto soviético en Cuba a una expresión exagerada de gratitud hacia los “rusos”- que se han encontrado desde que comenzaron su colaboración investigativa en 2004. Notan que las transformaciones  en la memorialización, de una negación rotunda a una aceptación actual que no dudarían de llamar entusiasta, fueron algo que no pudieron anticipar del todo cuando decidieron organizar el que puede considerarse el primer simposio internacional (2007) dedicado a estudiar el impacto del vínculo soviético en Cuba y publicar el libro Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience (2012), que aquilató las huellas de esa, extraña relación de un país del “tercer mundo” con una potencia lejana y virtualmente desconocida, todo dentro del marco de la Guerra Fría. En este texto, buscan compartir su experiencia, relatar sus principales etapas y el estado actual de la cuestión del imaginario cubano de lo soviético y lo ruso.   In “Caviar with Rum: Sdelano na Kube,” Jacqueline Loss and José Manuel Prieto analyze the vast range of attitudes toward the Soviet -from the minimization of the Soviet impact in Cuba to an exaggerated expression of gratitude toward the “Russians”- that they have encountered since they began their investigative collaboration in 2004.  They note that the transformations in the memorialization, from an emphatic negation to an acceptance these days that they might even call enthusiastic, were something that they could not anticipate in the least when they decided to organize what can be considered as the first international symposium (2007) dedicated to studying the impact of the Soviet link in Cuba, and the publication of the book Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience (2012) that assessed the remnants of this strange relationship between a “Third Word” country with a far-away and virtually unknown power, all within the framework of the Cold War. In this text, they seek to share their experience, telling the first stages and the current state of the question of the Cuban imaginary of the Soviet and the Russian.
Sputniks cubanos. De cómo la URSS ocupó la imaginación de una generación
Authors: Toledano Redondo Juan Carlos
Published: September 2015

Resumen: A pesar de la cierta marginalidad de la ciencia ficción en Cuba, ésta no estuvo exenta de la influencia cultural que sufrió la isla al sovietizarse. De la URSS y el entorno comunista llegaron cientos de obras del género, al mismo tiempo que la producción local se reducía a cero en los años setenta. Los autores cubanos tomaron partido, unos defendieron los nuevos estilos e ideas venidos del Este; otros decidieron seguir su camino, algunas veces, a contracorriente.   Abstract:   Despite the somewhat marginalization of science fiction in Cuba, the genre could not avoid the cultural influence that the island experienced when it adopted Soviet cannons. From the USSR and the Communist allies came hundreds of genre publications in the seventies, while local production was reduced to zero. Most Cuban writers took sides, some defended the new styles and ideas that came from the East; others decided not to, and even created sometimes a counter discourse.
'Queridos todos. El intercambio epistolar entre escritores hispanoamericanos y españoles del siglo XX', de Ana Gallego Cuiñas y Erika Martínez (edas.)
Authors: Hachemi Guerrero Antonio Munir
Published: September 2015

Se trata de una reseña del reciente libro de Ana Gallego Cuiñas y Erika Martínez (eds.): "Queridos todos. El intercambio epistolar entre escritores hispanoamericanos y españoles del siglo XX".
Kinofikatsia cubana y sus fantasmas. Inventario de la presencia (y de la ausencia) del cine soviético en las pantallas de Cuba (1961-1991)
Authors: Muguiro Altuna Carlos
Published: September 2015

Resumen: Entre 1961 y 1991, aproximadamente 800 largometrajes soviéticos fueron estrenados en los cines comerciales de Cuba, lo que significa que en la isla se distribuyó buena parte de la producción cinematográfica de la URSS de ese periodo. A su vez, la Cinemateca de Cuba organizó en ese tiempo más de 2.000 sesiones diferentes dedicadas al cine soviético, lo que le permitió reunir en sus fondos, poco a poco, la mayor colección de cine soviético del hemisferio occidental. A partir de mis recientes investigaciones en los archivos cubanos, este artículo proporciona  datos desconocidos y estadísticas que concretan lo que significó realmente aquel proceso de ocupación cultural. Además, el texto enumera algunos conceptos de análisis de carácter estético e histórico y se interroga sobre si aquel proceso podría integrarse en la llamada, kinofikatsia soviética, el gran proyecto de expansión cinematográfica desarrollada en la URSS desde los años 20. Palabras clave: Kinofikatsia, Cuba, URSSAbstract: Between 1961 and 1991, approximately 800 different Soviet feature films were screened in commercial cinemas in Cuba, meaning that a significant number of the films made in the USSR in the period were shown in the island. The Cinemateca de Cuba  also organized more than 2,000 different sessions on Soviet film and the archives of the ICAIC (Cuban Institute of Cinematographic Art and Industry) gradually amassing all this material, came to form the most important Soviet film collection in the western hemisphere. Based on my recent research at the Cuban archives, this article provides unknown data and statistics of this process of cultural occupation. In addition, its addresses some aesthetical and historical elements of analysis and wonders if that process could be seen as part of the, so called, soviet kinofikatsia, the huge project of film expansion developed by the USSR. Key words: Kinofikatsia, Cuba, USSR
Cuaderno de Trabajo 'La obra del siglo'
Authors: Quintela Carlos
Published: September 2015

Este documento o cuaderno de trabajo recoge fotografías de las localizaciones y fragmenos del story board de la película La obra del siglo (2015), ambientada en la Ciudad Electro Nuclear de Juraguá, en Cienfuegos, planta de energía nuclear dejada a medio construir por los soviéticos en 1992. La película es una de las obras culturales más recientes que tienen como fundamento la hibridación cubano-soviética. Obtuvo el Tiger Award del Festival de Rotterdam en 2015.
'Visiones de lo fantástico en la cultura española (1970-2012). Volumen II', de David Roas y Teresa López Pellisa (eds.)
Authors: Molina Gil Raúl
Published: September 2015

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'Spain is US. La Guerra Civil española en el cine del Popular Front (1936-1939)', de Sonia García López
Authors: Behrems Beneditk
Published: September 2015

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Andróginos y ciborgs: monstruos de deconstrucción
Authors: Sánchez Anguix Ana
Published: September 2015

Resumen En nuestro corpus, conformado por obras literarias y cinematográficas, los cuerpos monstruosos del ciborg y del andrógino devienen seres fronterizos que cuestionan los parámetros de sexo, género y deseo. Lo humano es puesto en duda y lo invisible se vuelve visible, abriendo un amplio espectro en la naturaleza. En el presente estudio se examinan las figuras del andrógino y del ciborg a la luz de las teorías de género: por un lado, se estudia el lugar de ambos monstruos en el feminismo deconstructivista; por otro, desde la perspectiva queer, ambos puntos de vista vinculados. Para nuestro análisis se tendrán en cuenta conceptos como género/sexo, dualidad sexual, intersexualidad o (hetero)patriarcado. Palabras clave: androginia, ciborg, género, feminismo, queer.   Abstract In the works here analyzed –literary as well as filmic discourses- cyborg and androgyne monstrous bodies become frontier beings which question sex, gender and desire patterns. What is human is also questioned, and the invisible turns into visible, thus widening our notion of the natural. In the present study, androgyne and cyborg are examined from a gender perspective: on the one hand, these monsters are taken into account from feminist deconstruction view; on the other hand, we will go back to our works analyzing them from the queer theory perspective. Both feminism and queer theory are, though, related to each other. Throughout our whole study, we will consider terms such as gender/sex, sexual duality, intersex or (hetero)patriarchy. Key terms: androgyny, cyborg, gender, feminism, queer.
'El fin de la clase media', de Esteban Hernández
Authors: Del Val Ripollés Fernán
Published: September 2015

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Las formas de la estalgia (cubana).
Authors: Muguiro Altuna Carlos
Published: September 2015

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Todo tiempo pasado
Authors: García Miranda Zoe
Published: September 2015

Cortometraje documental
Da Kantsa
Authors: Martínez Alaín , Villalvilla Camilo , Quintero Rolando , Echevarria Juan Carlos , Sanfiel Jorge Luis San , Copperini Luis A. P.
Published: September 2015

Catálogo de las tres exposiciones (La bota rusa, Carne rusa y Da Kantsa/ ?? ?????) que desde 2011 han reunido en la Galería Maroya de Cienfuegos a artistas cubanos bajo la evocación de lo ruso-soviético. Las muestras se han celebrado en colaboración con el Fondo Cubano de Bienes Materiales. Desde Kamchatka agradecemos la colaboración de Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, de la Galería Maroya, y a Camilo Villalvilla.
Salvador Pons Bordería (ed.): Discourse Segmentation in Romance Languages. Ámsterdam/Filadelfia, John Benjamins, 2014, 276 páginas. ISBN: 9789027256553, DOI:
Authors: Pascual Aliaga Elena
Published: September 2015

La segmentación del discurso en unidades es una cuestión de interés y de suma importancia para los estudios que versan sobre el discurso o que lo toman como muestra. Dividir el discurso en unidades permite observar ciertas regularidades y distribuciones de fenómenos lingüísticos que, de otra forma, pasarían desapercibidas. En las lenguas romance existe toda una corriente de investigación dedicada a la búsqueda de modelos teóricos y unidades de análisis que, a lo largo de los últimos quince años, ha ido desarrollándose y concretándose en diferentes propuestas de segmentación para lenguas como la española, la italiana o la francesa. La obra reseñada ilustra el desarrollo de esta corriente y constituye una gran aportación al campo de estudio, ya que recoge en un mismo volumen, por primera vez, las propuestas y consideraciones teóricas más relevantes que han surgido hasta el momento
Entonación idiomática y fonética forense: la información dialectal y sociolingüística de la entonación en español
Authors: Congosto Martín Yolanda
Published: September 2015

Las investigaciones de carácter geoprosódico realizadas sobre el español y sus variedades ponen en evidencia que la entonación puede reportar importantes beneficios a la fonética forense, ya que esta lleva asociada información de carácter dialectal y sociolingüístico de especial relevancia sobre el individuo –grupo sociocultural al que pertenece, origen geográfico, medio social en el que se inserta–, además de otros rasgos, cualidades o circunstancias como la edad, el sexo, o incluso su temperamento, carácter o estado de ánimo. Para ello se hace necesario no solo saber qué parámetros acústicos suprasegmentales son relevantes para la identificación del hablante, sino también analizar la variación intra e inter locutor, con objeto de poder describir los rasgos que caracterizan al individuo (Battaner et al., 2003). De acuerdo con lo expuesto, el propósito del estudio que aquí presentamos es comprobar el papel que juega la entonación en el reconocimiento de elementos lingüísticos, sociolingüísticos y dialectales. En concreto, se pretende comprobar si los jueces seleccionados son capaces de identificar/discriminar entre: a) modalidades oracionales (aseverativas vs. interrogativas); b) entre variedades dialectales (español mexicano vs. mexicoamericano). Para ello se utilizarán los ficheros de síntesis (archivos de audios solo con información suprasegmental, sin contenido léxico) generados por el programa Amper 2006 (elaborado en el entorno Matlab).
Naturaleza fonética de la consonante ‘ye’ en español
Authors: Martínez Celdrán Eugenio
Published: September 2015

En la RAE (2011) se habla del fonema /?/ y, en la página 174, se dice que es un sonido fricativo sonoro. En el CD que acompaña esa Fonética y Fonología se afirma que la consonante /?/ se realiza habitualmente fricativa prepalatal. Y las variantes que se admiten son además de la fricativa, una variante africada y otra más que carece de fricación y que se transcribe /?/. Navarro Tomás (1946) decía que «la y de mayo, con pronunciación suave, africada o rehilante, constituye igualmente una sola unidad fonológica» (p. 9). En esta afirmación, Navarro no utiliza el término «fricativa», sino que habla de variantes «suaves» y «rehilantes». En un artículo anterior sobre el rehilamiento (1934) ya había dejado claro que las fricativas son los sonidos que poseen rehilamiento; por tanto, las rehilantes son para él las fricativas y lo que actualmente llamamos aproximantes son las suaves. Y él admitía que la consonante ‘ye’ podía tener esos tres alófonos. Nuestra pretensión en este estudio es demostrar, no solo que existe la variante aproximante, sino que, además, es el alófono más habitual. Para ello se utiliza un método que mide de forma especial el ruido existente en la pronunciación de un sonido. Se trata de los cruces por cero. La conclusión final confirma nuestra hipótesis: la pronunciación más normal de la consonante ye española es aproximante.
Regulation of multispanning membrane protein topology via post-translational annealing
Authors: Van Lehn Reid C , Zhang Bin , Miller Thomas F
Published: September 2015

The canonical mechanism for multispanning membrane protein topogenesis suggests that protein topology is established during cotranslational membrane integration. However, this mechanism is inconsistent with the behavior of EmrE, a dual-topology protein for which the mutation of positively charged loop residues, even close to the C-terminus, leads to dramatic shifts in its topology. We use coarse-grained simulations to investigate the Sec-facilitated membrane integration of EmrE and its mutants on realistic biological timescales. This work reveals a mechanism for regulating membrane-protein topogenesis, in which initially misintegrated configurations of the proteins undergo post-translational annealing to reach fully integrated multispanning topologies. The energetic barriers associated with this post-translational annealing process enforce kinetic pathways that dictate the topology of the fully integrated proteins. The proposed mechanism agrees well with the experimentally observed features of EmrE topogenesis and provides a range of experimentally testable predictions regarding the effect of translocon mutations on membrane protein topogenesis.
Cationic Initiators
Authors: De Priyadarsi , Faust Rudolf
Published: September 2015

Cationic initiation in general and the cation donor (initiator)/Friedel‐Crafts acid (coinitiator) initiating system in particular are reviewed. The efficiency of a particular initiating system depends on the reactivity of the initiating cation relative to that of the propagating center. The strength of the Friedel‐Crafts acid and the nucleophilicity of the formed counteranion also affect the rates of initiation and propagation as well as the influence of solvent polarity. Controlled initiation in the absence of chain transfer, the inifer technique, and living cationic polymerization systems are discussed in detail. These systems have resulted in head group, molecular weight, and end group control, and in the synthesis of well‐defined materials with controlled architecture, molecular weight, dispersity, and chain end functionalities.
Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Schubert E. Fred , Cho Jaehee , Kim Jong Kyu
Published: September 2015

Inorganic semiconductor light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have found widespread use in small‐area mobile displays, large‐area displays, signaling, signage, and general lighting. The entire visible spectrum can be covered by light‐emitting semiconductors: AlGaInP and AlGaInN compound semiconductors are capable of emission in the red‐to‐yellow and violet‐to‐green wavelength range, respectively. For white light sources based on LEDs, the most common approach is the combination of a blue LED chip with a yellow phosphor. White LEDs are currently used to replace incandescent and fluorescent sources. In the present review, the properties of inorganic LEDs will be presented, including emission spectra, electrical characteristics, and current flow patterns. LED structures providing high internal quantum efficiency, namely heterostructures and multiple quantum well structures, will be discussed. Techniques enhancing the external quantum efficiency will be reviewed, including chip shaping and surface roughening. Different approaches to white LEDs will be presented and figures‐of‐merit such as the color rendering index and luminous efficacy will be explained. Besides visible LEDs, the technical challenges in deep ultraviolet LEDs will be introduced. Finally, the packaging of low power and high power LED chips will be discussed.
Polyesters, Unsaturated
Authors: Nava Hildeberto
Published: September 2015

Unsaturated polyester resins have been used commercially since the 1940s, establishing markets for reinforced composite plastics derived from combinations with glass‐fiber reinforcements. The availability of a wide variety of raw materials has encouraged the emergence of a diverse range of resins specifically tailored for many unique products. Fiber‐glass‐reinforced plastics (FRP) technology facilitates the production of large fabricated products, such as chemical and petroleum storage tanks, and a wide range of marine craft, where low cost ambient processing provides competitive advantages. The technology has also evolved for high temperature automatic molding of high volume body components used for automobiles, trucks, and recreation vehicles. Polyester resins are also used extensively in highly filled cast products for kitchen and bathroom countertop applications; polyester polymer concrete provides corrosion‐resistant surfacing for highways and bridges. High performance resins are formulated to provide optimal corrosion and thermal performance in composite products designed for the chemical process industries. Under the mandates of the U.S. Clean Air and Clean Water Regulations, FRP pipe has emerged as a cost‐effective solution to upgrade inner‐city sewer systems, and FRP duct and scrubber systems are used widely in the pulp, paper, and electrical power industries to contain noxious emissions.
Ionospheric response to the 2015 St. Patrick's Day storm: A global multi‐instrumental overview
Authors: Astafyeva Elvira , Zakharenkova Irina , Förster Matthias
Published: September 2015

We present the first multi‐instrumental results on the ionospheric response to the geomagnetic storm of 17–18 March 2015 (the St. Patrick's Day storm) that was up to now the strongest in the 24th solar cycle (minimum SYM‐H value of −233 nT). The storm caused complex effects around the globe. The most dramatic positive ionospheric storm occurred at low latitudes in the morning (~100–150% enhancement) and postsunset (~80–100% enhancement) sectors. These significant vertical total electron content increases were observed in different local time sectors and at different universal time, but around the same area of the Eastern Pacific region, which indicates a regional impact of storm drivers. Our analysis revealed that this particular region was most concerned by the increase in the thermospheric O/N2 ratio. At midlatitudes, we observe inverse hemispheric asymmetries that occurred, despite the equinoctial period, in different longitudinal regions. In the European‐African sector, positive storm signatures were observed in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), whereas in the American sector, a large positive storm occurred in the Southern Hemisphere, while the NH experienced a negative storm. The observed asymmetries can be partly explained by the thermospheric composition changes and partly by the hemispherically different nondipolar portions of the geomagnetic field as well as by the IMF By component variations. At high latitudes, negative ionospheric storm effects were recorded in all longitudinal regions, especially the NH of the Asian sector was concerned. The negative storm phase developed globally on 18 March at the beginning of the recovery phase.
The Impact of Absolute Importance and Processing Overlaps on Prospective Memory Performance
Authors: Walter Stefan , Meier Beat
Published: September 2015

Prospective memory is the ability to remember an intention at an appropriate moment in the future. Prospective memory tasks can be more or less important. Previously, importance was manipulated by emphasizing the importance of the prospective memory task relative to the ongoing task it was embedded in. This resulted in better prospective memory performance but also ongoing task costs. In the present study, we simply instructed one group of participants that the prospective memory task was important (i.e., absolute importance instruction) and compared them with a group with relative importance instructions and a control group. The results showed that absolute importance leads to an increase in prospective memory performance without enhancing ongoing task costs, whereas relative importance resulted in both increased prospective memory performance and ongoing task costs. Thus, prospective memory can be enhanced without ongoing task costs, which is particularly crucial for safety‐work contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances of α‐Isothiocyanato Compounds in the Catalytic Asymmetric Reaction
Authors: Han Wen‐Yong , Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Zuo Jian , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: September 2015

α‐Isothiocyanato amides, esters and phosphonates have emerged as new types of versatile reagents for various organo‐ and metal‐catalyzed asymmetric cascade reactions, which have attracted increasing interest of many chemists. In this review, recent advances of α‐isothiocyanato compounds for the asymmetric cascade aldol/cyclization, Mannich/cyclization, Michael/cyclization, diverse [3+2] cyclization, and self‐cyclization/addition reactions are summarized and classified according to the types of acceptors.

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Asymmetric Hydroazidation of Nitroalkenes Promoted by a Secondary Amine‐Thiourea Catalyst
Authors: Bellavista Tiziana , Meninno Sara , Lattanzi Alessandra , Della Sala Giorgio
Published: September 2015

Chiral β‐nitro azides are obtained by asymmetric addition of azides to nitroalkenes, with an enantioselectivity of up to 82% ee. The reaction, promoted by an easily accessible secondary amine‐thiourea catalyst, is performed with azidotrimethylsilane in the presence of benzoic acid. Products with different aliphatic β‐substituents are obtained in good yields and with the highest enantioselectivity reported to date. The presence of a secondary amine group was found to be crucial to achieve high stereocontrol.

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Isolation and Characterization of Well‐Defined Silica‐Supported Azametallacyclopentane: A Key Intermediate in Catalytic Hydroaminoalkylation Reactions
Authors: Hamzaoui Bilel , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , El Eter Mohamad , Chen Yin , Abou‐Hamad Edy , Basset Jean‐Marie
Published: September 2015

Intermolecular catalytic hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkene occurs with silica‐supported azazirconacyclopropane [SiOZr(HNMe2)(η2‐NMeCH2)(NMe2)]. Mechanistic studies were conducted using surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) concepts to identify the key surface intermediates. The azametallacyclopentene intermediate {SiOZr(HNMe2)[η2‐NMeCH2CH(Me)CH2](NMe2)} was isolated after treating with 1‐propylene and characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H 13C HETCOR, DARR SS‐NMR and DQ TQ SS‐NMR. The regeneration of the catalyst was conducted by dimethylamine protonolysis to yield the pure amine.

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Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of 1‐Naphthol Derivatives and Activated Phenols with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate
Authors: Montesinos‐Magraner Marc , Vila Carlos , Blay Gonzalo , Fernández Isabel , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R.
Published: September 2015

An organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of a series of substituted 1‐naphthol derivatives and activated phenols with ethyl trifluoropyruvate, catalyzed by a quinine‐derived squaramide, is presented. Good yields and high to excellent enantioselectivities of the Friedel–Crafts alkylation products were obtained.

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Efficient Charging of Li‐Ion Batteries with Pulsed Output Current of Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Pu Xiong , Liu Mengmeng , Li Linxuan , Zhang Chi , Pang Yaokun , Jiang Chunyan , Shao Lihua , Hu Weiguo , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2015

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising mechanical energy harvesting technology, but its pulsed output and the instability of input energy sources make associated energy‐storage devices necessary for real applications. In this work, feasible and efficient charging of Li‐ion batteries by a rotating TENG with pulsed output current is demonstrated. In‐depth discussions are made on how to maximize the power‐storage efficiency by achieving an impedance match between the TENG and a battery with appropriate design of transformers. With a transformer coil ratio of 36.7, ≈72.4% of the power generated by the TENG at 250 rpm can be stored in an LiFePO4–Li4Ti5O12 battery. Moreover, a 1 h charging of an LiCoO2–C battery by the TENG at 600 rpm delivers a discharge capacity of 130 mAh, capable of powering many smart electronics. Considering the readily scale‐up capability of the TENG, promising applications in personal electronics can be anticipated in the near future.
Women's facial attractiveness is related to their body mass index but not their salivary cortisol
Authors: Han Chengyang , Hahn Amanda C. , Fisher Claire I. , Debruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

Although many theories of human facial attractiveness propose positive correlations between facial attractiveness and measures of actual health, evidence for such correlations is somewhat mixed. Here we sought to replicate a recent study reporting that women's facial attractiveness is independently related to both their adiposity and cortisol.

Methods

Ninety‐six women provided saliva samples, which were analyzed for cortisol level, and their height and weight, which were used to calculate their body mass index (BMI). A digital face image of each woman was also taken under standardized photographic conditions and rated for attractiveness.

Results

There was a significant negative correlation between women's facial attractiveness and BMI. By contrast, salivary cortisol and facial attractiveness were not significantly correlated.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the types of health information reflected in women's faces include qualities that are indexed by BMI but do not necessarily include qualities that are indexed by cortisol. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:352–355, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How does childhood socioeconomic hardship affect reproductive strategy? Pathways of development
Authors: Sheppard Paula , Pearce Mark S. , Sear Rebecca
Published: September 2015

Objectives

In high‐income populations, evidence suggests that socioeconomic disadvantage early in life is correlated with reproductive strategy. Children growing up in unfavorable rearing environments tend to experience earlier sexual maturity and first births. Earlier first births may be associated with higher fertility, but links between socioeconomic disadvantage and larger family size have rarely been tested. The pathways through which early disadvantage influences reproduction are unknown. We test whether physiological factors link childhood adversity to age at first birth and total children.

Methods

Using data from the Newcastle Thousand Families Study, a 1947 British birth cohort, we developed path models to identify possible physiological traits linking childhood socioeconomic status, and poor housing standards, to two reproductive outcomes: age at first birth and total children. We explored birth weight, weight gain after birth, childhood illnesses, body mass index at age 9, age at menarche, and adult height as possible mediators.

Results

We found direct, negative effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and housing on age at first birth, and of housing on fertility. Although we found links between childhood disadvantage and menarche and height, neither of these were significantly correlated with either reproductive outcome. Age at first birth completely mediates the relationship between childhood adversity and total fertility, which we believe has not been empirically demonstrated before.

Conclusions

While there are some links between childhood adversity and child health, we find little evidence that physiological pathways, such as child health and growth, link early childhood adversity to reproductive outcomes in this relatively well‐nourished population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:356–363, 2016. © 2015 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Down syndrome birth weight in England and Wales: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Morris Joan K. , Cole Tim J. , Springett Anna L. , Dennis Jennifer
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to determine if syndrome‐specific birth weight charts were beneficial for babies with Down syndrome in England and Wales. Birth weights of 8,825 babies with Down syndrome born in England and Wales in 1989–2010 were obtained from the National Down Syndrome Cytogenetic Register. Birth weight centiles for 30–42 weeks gestation by sex were fitted using the LMS method and were compared to those for unaffected babies from the UK‐WHO growth charts. For babies born with Down syndrome the median birth weight from 37 to 42 weeks was 2,970 g (10th–90th centile: 2,115–3,680) for boys and 2930 g (2,100–3,629) for girls, and the modal age of gestation was 38 weeks, 2 weeks earlier than for unaffected babies. At 38 weeks gestation they were only slightly lighter than unaffected babies (159 g for boys and 86 g for girls). However at 40 weeks gestation the shortfall was much greater (304 g and 239 g, respectively). In neonates with Down syndrome there is little evidence of growth restriction before 38 weeks gestation, so up to this age it is appropriate to use the UK‐WHO birth weight charts. Thereafter birth weight is below that of unaffected babies and it should be plotted on the UK Down syndrome growth charts. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Larger FVC and FEV1 among Tibetans compared to Han born and raised at high altitude
Authors: Weitz Charles A , Garruto Ralph M. , Chin Chen‐Ting
Published: September 2015

Objectives

This study compares forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at 1 Second (FEV1) of Tibetans with those of Han who were born and raised at high altitude.

Materials and Methods

FVC and FEV1 tests were conducted among 1,063 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 20 years, and 184 adults between the ages of 21 and 39 years who had lived their entire lives at 3200 m, 3800 m and 4300 m in Qinghai Provence, Peoples Republic of China.

Results

Even though FVC and FEV1 values of Han born and raised at high altitude are generally lower than those of Tibetans through age 15 in girls and age 16 in boys, differences are largely explained by variation in stature (height‐squared) and chest circumference. Among older adolescents and adults, the FVC and FEV1 values of Tibetans are significantly larger than those of Han born and raised at high altitude; and are much larger than would be predicted, based on stature and chest circumference.

Discussion

These results indicate that the large FVC and FEV1 values of Tibetan adults develop primarily from an accelerated pattern of lung growth that begins during mid‐to‐late adolescence and possibly extends into young adulthood. This developmental pattern is not only distinct from that of Han born and raised at high altitude, but also from those of Andean Quechua and Aymara. The pace of lung function growth may therefore represent another feature distinguishing the Tibetan from the Andean pattern of adaptation to high altitude hypoxia. Because of this, a search for features in the Tibetan genome related to this lung function growth phenotype might be productive and important. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:244–255, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reversible Calcium(II)‐Ion Binding through an Apparent pKa Shift of Thermosensitive Block‐Copolymer Micelles
Authors: Custers Johannes P. A. , van Nispen Sjoerd F. G. M. , Can Aydin , de La Rosa Victor R. , Maji Samarendra , Schubert Ulrich S. , Keurentjes Jos T. F. , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: September 2015

There is an increasing need for smart materials capable of removing multivalent ions from aqueous streams without the inconvenience of brine regeneration as in ion‐exchange processes. Herein, we present a thermoresponsive micellar system consisting of polystyrene–poly(methoxy diethyleneglycol acrylate) block copolymer surfactants modified with carboxylic acid end groups (PS‐PMDEGA‐COOH) that can be used to switch between the adsorption and desorption of divalent calcium(II) cations by a mild temperature trigger, thus providing a new type of thermoregenerable ion‐adsorbing materials. The switch of calcium(II)‐binding capacity is demonstrated to result from a shift in the pKa value of the carboxylic acid groups by the collapse and redissolution of the PMDEGA block and the associated change in local polarity.
A Flexible Photoactive Titanium Metal–Organic Framework Based on a [TiIV3(μ3‐O)(O)2(COO)6] Cluster
Authors: Bueken Bart , Vermoortele Frederik , Vanpoucke Danny E. P. , Reinsch Helge , Tsou Chih‐Chin , Valvekens Pieterjan , De Baerdemaeker Trees , Ameloot Rob , Kirschhock Christine E. A. , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Mayer James M. , De Vos Dirk
Published: September 2015

The synthesis of titanium–carboxylate metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is hampered by the high reactivity of the commonly employed alkoxide precursors. Herein, we present an innovative approach to titanium‐based MOFs by the use of titanocene dichloride to synthesize COK‐69, the first breathing Ti MOF, which is built up from trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate linkers and an unprecedented [TiIV3(μ3‐O)(O)2(COO)6] cluster. The photoactive properties of COK‐69 were investigated in depth by proton‐coupled electron‐transfer experiments, which revealed that up to one TiIV center per cluster can be photoreduced to TiIII while preserving the structural integrity of the framework. The electronic structure of COK‐69 was determined by molecular modeling, and a band gap of 3.77 eV was found.
Reactive Magnetospinning of Nano‐ and Microfibers
Authors: Tokarev Alexander , Trotsenko Oleksandr , Asheghali Darya , Griffiths Ian M. , Stone Howard A. , Minko Sergiy
Published: September 2015

Reactive spinning of nano‐ and microfibers that involves very fast chemical reactions and ion exchange is a challenge for the common methods for nanofiber formation. Herein, we introduce the reactive magnetospinning method. This procedure is based on the magnetic‐field‐directed collision of ferrofluid droplets with liquid droplets that contain complementary reactants. The collision, start of the chemical reaction, and the fiber drawing are self‐synchronized. The method is used to synthesize, cross‐link, and chemically modify fiber‐forming polymers in the stage of fiber formation. The method provides new opportunities for the fabrication of nanofibers for biomedical applications.
Enantioselective Construction of Spiroindolines with Three Contiguous Stereogenic Centers and Chiral Tryptamine Derivatives via Reactive Spiroindolenine Intermediates
Authors: Zhuo Chun‐Xiang , Zhou Yong , Cheng Qiang , Huang Lin , You Shu‐Li
Published: September 2015

The highly efficient synthesis of the enantioenriched spiroindolines by iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic dearomatization and reduction is presented. Spiroindolines containing three contiguous stereogenic centers were obtained with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. In addition, a chiral tryptamine derivative could be easily accessed in good yield with excellent ee value through an unprecedented dearomatization/retro‐Mannich/hydrolysis cascade reaction of an indole derivative.
Synthese von Komplexen mit anomalen “protischen” N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen
Authors: Jin Hanpeng , Tan Tristan Tsai Yuan , Hahn F. Ekkehardt
Published: September 2015

Neutrales 4‐Iod‐N‐ethylimidazol (3) kann oxidativ an [Pt(PPh3)4] addiert werden, wobei in Gegenwart von Tetraalkylammoniumsalzen die Komplexe trans‐[4], trans‐[5] und trans‐[6] gebildet werden, die einen anionischen, am C4‐Atom gebundenen Heterocyclus mit einem unsubstituierten Ring‐Stickstoffatom enthalten. Der Komplex trans‐[4] reagiert mit der Protonenquelle NH4I unter Protonierung des Ring‐Stickstoffatoms und Bildung des Komplexes trans‐[7]I, der einen NH,NR‐substituierten aNHC‐Liganden trägt. Die Reaktion von trans‐[4] mit CH3I führt zum Komplex trans‐[8]I mit einem klassischen aNHC‐Liganden mit zwei alkylierten Ring‐Stickstoffatomen.
Aniline Dearomatization and Silver‐Catalyzed [3+3] Dipolar Cycloaddition: Efficient Construction of Oxocino[4,3,2‐cd]indoles from 2‐Alkynylanilines and 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes
Authors: Han Dandan , He Qiuqin , Fan Renhua
Published: September 2015

2‐Alkynylanilines are attractive starting materials in indole synthesis because of their ready availability. Herein, a one‐pot stepwise procedure is reported for efficient construction of multisubstituted oxocino[4,3,2‐cd]indoles from 2‐alkynylanilines and 2‐alkynylbenzaldoximes. The method comprises the oxidative dearomatization of 2‐alkynylanilines, the silver‐catalyzed [3+3] cycloaddition with 2‐alkynylbenzaldoximes, and subsequent thermal radical skeletal rearrangement and aromatization.
Experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchung der Existenz von CuII, CuIII und CuIV in Kupfercorrolen
Authors: Sinha Woormileela , Sommer Michael G. , Deibel Naina , Ehret Fabian , Bauer Matthias , Sarkar Biprajit , Kar Sanjib
Published: September 2015

Die üblichen Oxidationsstufen des Kupfers in stabilen Komplexen sind +I und +II. CuIII‐Komplexe werden oft als Zwischenstufen in der Bio‐ und Homogenkatalyse in Betracht gezogen. In letzter Zeit wurden CuIV‐Spezies als mögliche Intermediate in der Oxidationskatalyse postuliert. Trotz der Bedeutung der höheren Oxidationsstufen des Kupfers gibt es nur wenig spektroskopische Untersuchungen solcher Verbindungen, wobei für CuIV‐Komplexe keine derartigen Informationen vorliegen. Wir berichten hier über die Synthese und Charakterisierung dreier Kupfercorrole. Die Kombination von Elektrochemie, UV‐vis‐NIR/EPR Spektroelektrochemie, XANES Messungen und DFT‐Rechnungen weist auf drei definierte Redoxzustände dieser Moleküle hin, mit Kupfer in den Oxidationsstufen +II, +III und +IV. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse sind die erste spektroskopische und theoretische Untersuchung einer CuIV‐Verbindung und beschreiben eine Redoxserie, bei der CuII, CuIII und CuIV in derselben molekularen Umgebung diskutiert werden.
Versatile and Efficient Site‐Specific Protein Functionalization by Tubulin Tyrosine Ligase
Authors: Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Mann Florian A. , Pichler Garwin , Natale Francesco , Krause Eberhard , Cardoso M. Cristina , Hackenberger Christian P. R. , Leonhardt Heinrich
Published: September 2015

A novel chemoenzymatic approach for simple and fast site‐specific protein labeling is reported. Recombinant tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL) was repurposed to attach various unnatural tyrosine derivatives as small bioorthogonal handles to proteins containing a short tubulin‐derived recognition sequence (Tub‐tag). This novel strategy enables a broad range of high‐yielding and fast chemoselective C‐terminal protein modifications on isolated proteins or in cell lysates for applications in biochemistry, cell biology, and beyond, as demonstrated by the site‐specific labeling of nanobodies, GFP, and ubiquitin.
A Bioinspired Molybdenum Complex as a Catalyst for the Photo‐ and Electroreduction of Protons
Authors: Porcher Jean‐Philippe , Fogeron Thibault , Gomez‐Mingot Maria , Derat Etienne , Chamoreau Lise‐Marie , Li Yun , Fontecave Marc
Published: September 2015

A molybdenum–dithiolene–oxo complex was prepared as a model of some active sites of Mo/W‐dependent enzymes. The ligand, a quinoxaline–pyran‐fused dithiolene, mimics molybdopterin present in these active sites. For the first time, this type of complex was shown to be active as a catalyst for the photoreduction of protons with excellent turnover numbers (500) and good stability in aqueous/organic media and for the electroreduction of protons in acetonitrile with remarkable rate constants (1030 s−1 at −1.3 V versus Ag/AgCl). DFT calculations provided insight into the catalytic cycle of the reaction, suggesting that the oxo ligand plays a key role in proton exchange. These results provide a basis to optimize this new class of H2‐evolving catalysts.
Comparative Catalytic Activity of Group 9 [Cp*MIII] Complexes: Cobalt‐Catalyzed CH Amidation of Arenes with Dioxazolones as Amidating Reagents
Authors: Park Juhyeon , Chang Sukbok
Published: September 2015

A procedure for the [Cp*CoIII]‐catalyzed direct CH amidation of arenes with dioxazolone has been developed. This reaction proceeds under straightforward and mild conditions with a broad range of substrates, including anilides. A comparative study on the catalytic activity of Group 9 [{Cp*MCl2}2] complexes revealed the unique efficiency of the cobalt catalyst.
The Hairpin Furans: Easily Prepared Hybrids of Helicenes and Twisted Acenes
Authors: Geng Xin , Donahue James P. , Mague Joel T. , Pascal Robert A.
Published: September 2015

The thermal reaction of a cyclopentadienone with 6,6′‐dimethoxy‐5,5′‐binaphthoquinone gives, in a single step, a molecular ribbon consisting of two twisted aromatic systems fused to a heteropentahelicene. Such molecules constitute a new class of chiral polycyclic aromatic compounds, the “hairpin furans”.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiroindenes by Enol‐Directed Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization and Spiroannulation
Authors: Reddy Chidipudi Suresh , Burns David J. , Khan Imtiaz , Lam Hon Wai
Published: September 2015

Chiral cyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes promote highly enantioselective enol‐directed C(sp2)‐H functionalization and oxidative annulation with alkynes to give spiroindenes containing all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters. High selectivity between two possible directing groups, as well as control of the direction of rotation in the isomerization of an O‐bound rhodium enolate into the C‐bound isomer, appear to be critical for high enantiomeric excesses.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed ortho‐Heteroarylation of Phenols through Internal Oxidative CH Activation: Rapid Screening of Single‐Molecular White‐Light‐Emitting Materials
Authors: Li Bijin , Lan Jingbo , Wu Di , You Jingsong
Published: September 2015

Reported herein is the first example of a transition‐metal‐catalyzed internal oxidative CH/CH cross‐coupling between two (hetero)arenes through a traceless oxidation directing strategy. Without the requirement of an external metal oxidant, a wide range of phenols, including phenol‐containing natural products, can undergo the coupling with azoles to assemble a large library of highly functionalized 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)azoles. The route provides an opportunity to rapidly screen white‐light‐emitting materials. As illustrative examples, two bis(triphenylamine)‐bearing 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)oxazoles, which are difficult to access otherwise, exhibit bright white‐light emission, high quantum yield, and thermal stability. Also presented is the first example of the white‐light emission, in a single excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer system, of 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)azoles, thus highlighting the charm of CH activation in the discovery of new organic optoelectronic materials.
Bonding performance and fracture morphology of a hybrid multiscale epoxy adhesive on oil‐covered substrates
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Tan Yefa , Wang Xiaolong , Tan Hua , Hong Xiang
Published: September 2015

A hybrid multiscale epoxy adhesive reinforced with a combination of short carbon fibers and rubber nanoparticles was prepared for bonding oil‐covered aluminum substrates. The shear performance of the bonded joints was investigated as a function of the oil layer thickness. Scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis studies were carried out to evaluate the oil‐diffusion behavior near the substrate–adhesive interface. The results show that the shear strength decreased, whereas the distribution range of the testing results increased as the oil layer thickness increased. When the oil layer was thinner than 10 μm, the oil‐accommodating adhesive could be used directly without degreasing, whereas over 96% of the bonding strength could be retained with almost no change in the failure probability. The analysis of Weibull distribution indicated that the shear strength and Weibull modulus were 18.89 MPa and 13.503, respectively. By analyzing the relationship between the shear strength results and the failure model of the fracture surface, we found a correlation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42898.