bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medellín e os sinais dos tempos
Authors: Suess Paulo
Published: February 2021

Desde a Encíclica Pacem in terris (1963) de João XXIII, o termo “sinais dos tempos” aponta para uma nova consciência histórica da Igreja. Medellín assume um compromisso histórico de libertação frente à realidade latino-americana de 1968. Esse compromisso se expressa através de uma maior aproximação aos pobres, de denúncias da violência social e de incentivos à conscientização e organização dos setores populares. Infelizmente, os pobres dos Documentos de Medellín ainda não têm rostos indígenas ou afro-americanos. A “opção pelos pobres”, de Medellín, necessita ser aprofundada através da “opção pelo protagonismo dos pobres e dos outros na própria Igreja”. Hoje, ao nos confrontarmos criticamente com a proposta de Medellín, afirmamos a importância do sonho que ele despertou: sonho de uma Igreja nova, “autenticamente pobre, missionário e pascal”.

Abstract: Ever since the Encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) by Pope John XXIII, the term “signs of the times” has pointed towards a new historical consciousness in the Church. Medellín assumed an historical compromise ofliberation in face of the reality of Latin America in 1968. This compromise is expressed through a greater approximation to the poor, through denoucements of social violence and incentives to the conscientization and organi- zation of the popular sectors. Unhappily, the poor of the Documents of Medellín still haven’t got Indian or Afro-American faces. The “option for the poor" of Medellín needs to be deepened through the “option for the protagonism ofthe poor and of the others in the Church itself”. Today, critically facing up to the proposal of Medellín, we affirm the importance of the dream that it awoke: the dream of a new Church, “authentically poor, missionary and paschal”.
PENGARUH PUPUK CAIR LIMBAH ORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicus L)
Authors: Yaningsih Sepri
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk cair limbah organik terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicus L) di Desa P1 Mardiharjo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Eksperimen murni dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang terdiri P0 (0 mL), P1 (25 mL), P2 (50 mL), P3 (75 mL), P4 (100 mL) dan P5 (125 mL). Uji homogenitas menggunakan uji Fisher, pada uji Fisher menghasilkan data hasil penelitian yang homogen, dan analisis varian dengan uji Duncan taraf 5%, dan dapat disimpulkan pemberian pupuk cair berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicus L) sehingga menghasilkan pengaruh yang sifgnifikan. Pemberian pupuk organik cair pada perlakuan P3 (75 mL) lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan P0 (0 mL), P1 (25 mL), P2 (50 mL), P4 (100 mL), P5 (125 mL).
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN IPA UNIVERSITAS HASYIM ASY’ARI TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN KIMIA DASAR BERBASIS BLENDED LEARNING
Authors: Andri Wahyu
Published: February 2021

Matakuliah Kimia Dasar pada prodi Pendidikan IPA Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari memiliki cakupan yang cukup luas. Pembelajaran berbasis blended learning merupakan salah satu metode yang akan dikembangkan untuk membelajarkan kimia dasar secara efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran kimia dasar berbasis blended learning. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan dengan teknik kuesioner terhadap 37 mahasiswa dari semua angkatan prodi Pendidikan IPA Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari yang dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian dianalisa menggunakan distribusi persentase menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa prodi Pendidikan IPA sangat baik terhadap pembelajaran Kimia Dasar berbasis blended learning.
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS TUMBUHAN PTERIDOPHYTA (PAKU-PAKUAN) DI KAWASAN CURUG PANJANG DESA DURIAN REMUK KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Miftaahhul Janna
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor abiotik, jenis dan keanekaragaman tumbuhan Pteridophyta (paku-pakuan) di Kawasan Curug Panjang Desa Durian Remuk Kabupaten Musi Rawas. Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi langsung menggunakan metode plot tunggal Purposive Sampling, wawancara, dan menghitung indexs keanekaragaman tumbuhan Pteridophyta (Paku-pakuan). Penelitian ini dilakukan di satu lokasi yaitu jalur hulu, jalur tengah dan jalur hilir dengan ukuran 10 m x 10 m yang terdiri dari 3 plot. Hasil dari pengukuran pH tanah yaitu 7, kelembaban tanah yaitu 60% - 90%, suhu lingkungan 27ºC-28ºC. Pteridophyta  (paku-pakuan) di Kawasan Curug Panjang sebanyak 14 spesies yaitu Pteris biaurita, Diplazium esculentum, Pleocnemia irregularis, Nephrolepis biserrata, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Nephrolepis exaltata, Stenochlaena palustris, Gleichenia linearis, Lygodium scandens, Christella dentat, Selaginella braunii, Selaginella caudata, Selaginella wildenowii dan Botrychium daucifolium. Indeks keanekaraman H' yaitu 6,451 hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa keanekaragaman jenis yang ditemukan di Kawasan Curug Panjang melimpah tinggi.
KEANEKARAGAMAN IKAN AIR TAWAR DI BENDUNGAN WATERVANG KOTA LUBUKLINGGAU
Authors: Dwi Novita
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis ikan air tawar  di Bendungan Watervang Kota Lubuklinggau. Pengambilan data ikan menggunakan jaring pencar, tangguk dan pancing .  Ikan yang diperoleh diidentifikasi kemudian dianalisis menggunakan komposisi jenis, indeks  keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil analisis data Keanekaragaman ikan di Bendungan Watervang berkategori rendah
SKRINING FITOKIMIA FAMILIA PIPERACEAE
Authors: Afifah Rukmini
Published: February 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah, hampir segala jenis tumbuhan dapat tumbuh di negara ini. Saat ini, penggunaan bahan herbal telah banyak dikembangkan. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, taksonomi modern mensyaratkan adanya pendugaan senyawa kimia dalam suatu tumbuhan selain kajian morfologinya. Salah satu familia yang berpotensi sebagai bahan obat dan telah banyak dimanfaatkan adalah Piperaceae. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian awal yang bertujuan untuk mendeteksi senyawa bahan obat pada dua ekstrak spesies anggota Piperaceae, yakni Piper betle dan Peperomia pellucida. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etonol 96%. Pemeriksaan terhadap daun sirih (Piper betle L.) positif mengandung steroid, alkoloid, flavanoid, dan minyak atsiri. Pemeriksaan terhadap daun sirih air (Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth) positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, minyak atsiri, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian ini lebih lanjut dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian dalam bidang taksonomi tumbuhan maupun penemuan bahan obat.
Community-Based Tourism in Protected Areas: Elaborating A Model from A South African Perspective
Authors: GİAMPİCCOLİ Andrea , GLASSOM David
Published: February 2021

Community-based ecotourism (CBET) shares many of the values and challenges of community-based tourism (CBT) but must also consider the interaction of local communities and the environment, often in areas of controlled or restricted use. Although CBT and CBET have been part of South Africa’s economic strategy, governance, and social structures and hierarchies may constrain opportunities for entry. This article reviews the relevant literature with specific reference to South African CBT and CBET enterprises and uses the iSimangaliso Wetland Park as a case study to build a general framework for CBT around conservation areas. In particular, the framework describes a pathway for CBET ventures to move from an internal partnership model to an external model and ultimately complete self-sufficiency and independence if desired. We show that despite numerous challenges, CBET can be viable in conservation areas, provided all parties involved in the venture make a concerted effort to ensure that the main objectives of poverty alleviation and improved environmental management are met.
THE USE OF FUZZY LOGIC WHILE MODELING THE CREDITWORTHINESS OF LEGAL ENTITIES
Authors: Palamarchuk Olga
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the article is to develop a methodological approach to support the decision-making process in determining the creditworthiness of legal entities, as well as to create economic mathematical models based on this approach using the theory of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets. Methodology. In the author's work (Palamarchuk, 2013), 49 real financial statements (Form 1 and Form 2) of Ukrainian enterprises were selected, 25 of which were potentially bankrupt and 24 were normally operating enterprises. As a result, 7 coefficients were obtained. Here we continue our modelling and building rule base. Result of the experiment is based on statistical data of domestic enterprise. The model has been constructed with the use of theory of fuzzy logic. Considering the expert knowledge, this model helps to make decisions on whether to provide the legal entity with the loan. Practical implications. The model and methodology can be used in commercial banks of Ukraine for calculating application risks. The known models do not fit to every economy. This is the reason which provides value originality of the topic of this study, which solves the problem of creating a method that would give the most sufficient assessment of creditworthiness.
Puasa Selama Kebuntingan terhadap jumlah sel neuron Cereberum dan Cerebellum Rattus norvegicus Baru Lahir
Authors: Hidayati Ucik Nurul , Joewono Hermanto Tri , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Sulistyono Agus , Utomo Martono Tri , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati
Published: February 2021

Fasting by pregnant women causes increasing neurons in the brain. An increasing number of neuron cells will speed up information processing, so it is expected to increasing intelligence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of fasting during pregnancy on the number of new cells of the cerebrum neuron and the newly born Rattus norvegicus cerebellum. The research design was true experimental laboratory posttest only with control group design. Pregnant Rattus norvegicus samples consisted of 3 groups and 1 control group with a total sample of 32 divided by 4; Xo control group without fast treatment, fasting X1 group in 1st trimester (2 days), fasting X2 group in 2nd trimester (2 days), fasting group X3 at TM 3 (2 days). Data analysis using Shapiro – Wilk normality test, followed by ANOVA test and using SPSS for Windows 23 software. The results of statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the number of cerebrum neuron cells in the four groups P = 0.210 (p> 0.05) and there were significant differences in the number of cerebrum neuron cells in the four groups P = 0.032 (p <0.05). The conclusion of this study is there was no difference in the number of neuron cells in cerebrum and cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus newborn in the fasting mother 2 days during trimester I, II dan III of pregnancy. There was a difference in the number of neuron cells in the new cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus fasting for 2 days during trimester III of pregnancy, and there were differences the effect of the number of neuron cell in cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus in all groups.
Perbedaan Jumlah Sel Neuron Cerebrum dan Cerebellum Mus musculus pada Kehamilan Remaja dan Dewasa
Authors: Purwanti Tri , Widjiati Widjiati , Miftahussurur Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Teenage pregnancy contributes to emotional stress higher than adult women Pregnancy in adolescents will trigger negative thoughts and feelings of fear that become the root cause of stress reactions. The onset of stress will trigger the occurrence of Axis HPA activity and the release of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, then stimulate the production of adrenencorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH will stimulate glucocorticoids (cortisol) from the adrenal gland cortex to increase the production of CRH in the placenta and give an effect of increasing cortisol in the maternal, as well as the amount of cortisol in the fetus will also increase because it follows the blood placenta barrier. This affects the growth and development of the fetal brain, so that the process of proliferation and differentiation, migration, organization and synaptogenesis and myelination in brain cells. The growth of the brain decreases which affects the number of neuron cells. This study aims to analyze the differences in the number of neuron cells in the cerebrum and cerebellum Mus musculus newly born in adolescent and adult pregnancy. The division of the study group consisted of two groups, namely the adolescent and adult pregnancy groups each of 16 individuals. Taking the examination sample is by taking each of the 3 children from the parent with the heaviest, medium and lowest weights. Then the Mus musculus children were sacrificed by anesthesia and decapitation, then Hematoxilin-Eosin preparations were made from the child's brain. The next step is to examine Hematoxilin-Eosin to calculate the number of neuron cells in the cerebrum and cerebellum with the analysis of the Independent T test showing significant differences between the control and treatment groups with a value of p = 0,000 (p <0.05). Then the analysis of the number of brain neuron cells using the Mann Whitney test showed a difference that the control group was higher than the adolescent group.
Mekanisme Escape dan Respon Imun innate terhadap Candida albicans
Authors: Tania Putu Oky ari
Published: February 2021

Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungal Candida albicans. The incidence of candidiasis is pretty high in Indonesia. Candida albicans develop their pathogenicity by several ways so that it can invade and escape from the immune system. The host’s immune system must always be vigilant to recognized antigen through various receptors, activation of the transduction pathway and activation of various immune cells. But as organisms that struggle to survive, Candida also develops mechanisms to escape the immune response. There are so many articles have written the immune response against candidiasis, this review aims to understand more and updating information about the biological processes of pathogenicity of fungi and the mechanism of Candida albicans in escaping immune responses, the role of each innate molecule and immune cell, and clinical aspect to Candida albicans infections. We already facing the big challenges against therapy of fungal infection, so by understanding the escape mechanism of Candida albicans, it is possible to developed antifungal or Candida vaccine in the future, therefore the incidence of candidiasis can be suppressed.
Guillain Barre Syndrome pada Kehamilan
Authors: Sabaruddin Hermin , Budinurdjaja Pribakti , Fakhrurrazy Fakhrurrazy
Published: February 2021

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of the complete flaksid that occurs in acute. GBS associated with autoimmune reaction that affect peripheral nerve, radix, and cranial nerve. The incidence of GBS is 1 – 2 per 100,000 people/year. The incident was followed by increased age and the increasing population of obstetrics. GBS in pregnancy ranged from 13% in the first trimester, 47% in the second trimester, and 40% in the third trimester. In this case report reported Mrs. M 27 years old with a diagnosis of G2P1A0 h. 39-40 weeks + insimanation + living single fetal Presentation Head + Inpartu kala II + GBS + Failed + Vacuum Severily Underweight (BMI = 17) + TBJ 3000 Gr. Diagnosis of GBS are enforced based on anamnesis, physical examination and complementary examinations. From a previous illness history found anamnesis the weakness of limbs beginning in 2016. A history of the use of breathing apparatus and admitted tot the ICU in the first pregnancy. Mrs. M had a history of infections before being diagnosed with GBS. On this second pregnancy patients cannot move lower extremity but upper extermity is still functioning. Physical examination result of mothers and babies in the normal range even though found in conditions of severily BMI underweight. The patient finally decided to SC (section caesaria) and applied the IUD intracaesarean GBS in pregnancy is a coincidental. GBS is rarely aggravate pregnancy, but if not quickly identified and handled can enhance the high morbidity in both mother and fetus. In acute attacks (AIDP) in pregnant women with GBS increase stress on the mother or the fetus. The stress that occurs can also stimulate the immune system to produce prostaglandins, resulting in premature birth. Patients can give birth when the gestational age is still 7 months. It was different in the second pregnancy in this case where the patient was diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (CIDP) so that GBS did not affect the mother and the fetus.
Hubungan Status Pekerjaan dengan Keaktifan Kunjungan Ibu dalam Posyandu di Posyandu X Surabaya
Authors: Isnoviana Meivy , Yudit Jesica
Published: February 2021

Posyandu is a Community-Based Health Effort (UKBM) which is managed, administered and designated by the community. It will monitor the growth and development of toddlers every month. In the posyandu Surabaya in 2018, only about 36.75% of toddlers was weighed which is below the indicator of the coverage by Government as 85%. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship of working status with the mother’s activity to visit in posyandu at Posyandu X Surabaya. The study design was observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population were mothers with toddlers aged 0 - 59 months who reside in the area of Posyandu with a sample size of 91 respondents taken by purposive sampling. Data collection using questionnaire sheets. Data were analyzed by the Spearman rank test (α = 0.05). The results of the study showed that the majority of toddlers in the Posyandu area (47.3%) were not working mothers and the activeness of visits to the posyandu were rare (50.5%). Spearman rank statistical test results obtained p value = 0,000 and r = 0.465 means that there is a correlation between working status and the mother’s activity of visits in Posyandu activity at Posyandu X Surabaya. It can be concluded that working mothers do not have free time to visit posyandu compared to mothers who do not work
Molecular dan Genomic Biomarker sebagai Deteksi Dini pada Diagnosis Kanker Prostat
Authors: Karim Jihan Audini
Published: February 2021

Prostate cancer is a noncutaneous malignancy in men, a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. The modern clinical approach to prostate cancer emphasizes the need for treatment to avoid overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, coupled with technological innovations, have facilitated the development and validation of a number of molecular biomarkers, representing a variety of tested macromolecules from a wide variety of patient samples, to aid clinical management of prostate cancer, including early detection, diagnosis, prognostication, and selection. targeted therapy. Prostate cancer is asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease, there are various clinical-pathological signs and disease progression, and is characterized mostly by indolent cancer types. Therefore, it is imperative to develop individualized approaches for early detection, disease stratification (indolent vs. aggressive) and prediction of treatment response for prostate cancer. This article is a review article in which researchers review the current state of use of genomic biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer, demonstrating the function of molecular biomarkers in clinical practice. The result of this review article is that the available genomic and proteomic tests can increase the predictive value of the PCa risk classification system based on clinical variables.
Apoptosis Sel Otot Rangka dan Perubahan Berat Badan pada Tikus Diabetes yang Diberi Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L., Merr)
Authors: Wardhani Lailia Dwi Kusuma , Puji Astuti Olan Rahayu
Published: February 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant of bawang dayak bulbs (Eleutherine palmifolia L., Merr) extract (BDBE) on skeletal muscle cell apoptosis and body weight change in diabetic rat. Single doses alloxan 120 mg/kgBW were administered intraperitoneally to get diabetic rat. Twenty four male Wistar rat of three months old were used in this study. Rat were devided into six groups: negative control group (were not diabetic and treated) (K0), positive control group (were diabetic and treated CMC-Na) (K1), drug control group (were diabetic and administrated metformin as a standard drug) (K2), BDBE dosed 200 (P1), 400 (P2), and 800 mg/kgBW (P3). The treatment was conducted for 14 days. Hypoglycemic effect and body weight measured of all mice was determined at day 7 and 14 of treatment. At the end of research, all of rat were sacrificed and m. gastrocnemius were collected for apoptosis analysis by TUNEL staining and atrophy analysis by Hematoxilin-Eosin staining. The result of this study showed that BDBE decreased skeletal muscle cell apoptosis and mantained the skeletal muscle fiber diameter (atrophy) and body weight change in diabetes rat.
Ekstrak Metanol Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarindus Indica) Memperbaiki Kerusakan Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus yang Diinduksi Aluminium
Authors: Atmoko Anang Dwi , Munawir Al , Sutejo Ika Rahmawati
Published: February 2021

Aluminum is the most widely used metal in everyday and the exposure of aluminum can be accumulate in kidney tubular cells, which cause tubular cell degeneration through oxidative stress because of nephrotoxicity. Tamarindus indica seeds contain high polyphenolic compounds and high antioxidant potential. This study aimed to investigate whether the methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seeds repair histopathological damage of aluminum-induced kidney rat assessed by the parameters of tubular cell degeneration and necrosis. This experimental study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember for 10 weeks using 30 male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups; 1) K: control group was given a mixture of aquabides-saline (NaCl 0.9%), 2) K (-): negative control group was given aluminum solution (AlCl3), 3) P1: first treatment group was given aluminum solution (AlCl3) and extract (25 mg/kg b.w., po),  4) P2: second treatment group was given aluminum solution (AlCl3) and extract (50 mg/kg b.w., po), 5) P3: third treatment group was given aluminum solution (AlCl3) and extract (100 mg/kg b.w., po). Aluminum solution is given in a dose of 300 mg/kg b.w. po. After being terminated, the rat’s kidney histology were examined to a scoring damage process. Based on cell degeneration parameter, all groups get 5 in score of damage. Meanwhile based on cell necrosis parameter, all group get different score of damage. Based on the cell necrosis parameter, the methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica seeds repair histopathological damage of rat kidney induced by aluminum chloride
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) terhadap Peningkatan Zona Hambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Utami Linda Putri , Tandean Peter Gunawan , Liliawanti Liliawanti
Published: February 2021

The prevalence of infectious diseases in Indonesia is still relatively high, for example Infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Indonesia has many traditional plants that can be used for herbal treatments containing tannins, flavonoids, and essential oils which have relatively high antibacterial activity by forming inhibitory zones in the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria which are the cause of skin infections food poisoning to systemic infections. Thereforekencur can be used as an alternative medicine. This study was intented to determine the effect of giving kencur extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) In inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study was experimental laboratory used plate diffusion method of “Postest Ony Control Group Design” design. There were 7 groups, 5 treatment groups and 2 control groups. The concentration of treatment group was 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25% while for positive control using amoxicillin 25μg and aquadest as negative control. The bacterial used were Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that kencur extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) had an antibacterial effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.With a value of p = 0.001 or p <α. kencur extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) has an antibacterial effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap pH Lambung dan duodenum pada Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Diinduksi Indometasin
Authors: Faruwu Ardilon Raxel , Riami Riami , Handajani Fitri
Published: February 2021

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that act to inhibit COX-1. The inhibition of COX-1 leads to inhibition of prostaglandin production. Prostaglandin is a regulator of gastric acid buffer secretion. Inhibition of prostaglandin decrease gastric and duodenum pH and damage the gastric and duodenum. Sea grapes (Caulerpa racemose var. cylindracea) are marcoalgae that contain flavonoids as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sea grapes on gastric and duodenum pH in rattus norvegicus induced by indomethacin. 32 male Rattus norvegicus were divided into 4 groups. Group K (-) without treatment. Group K (+) was induced by 30 mg/Kg BW indomethacin for 7 days. Group P1 was induced by 30mg/Kg BW indomethacin for 7 days followed by administration of 1g/100g BW sea grape extract for 14 days. Group P2 was induced by 30mg/Kg BW indomethacin for 7 days followed by administration of 2g/100g BW sea grape extract for 14 days. On the 29th day, rats were terminated, gastric and duodenal were isolated then the fluid pH was measured. One-way Anova test obtained p = 0,023. Post hoc test pH Gaster significantly different between group K (-) and K (+) (p= 0,005) and between group K (-) with P2 (p= 0,020). While in group K (+) with P1 and P2 there was no significant difference in pH.  Post hoc test of pH duodenum showed no differences in all group. The administration of sea grape extract did not show a differences of the gastric and duodenal pH significantly between rats induced by indomethacin.
Liability Principles of PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero) To the Loss of Consumers Electric Services
Authors: Riono Riono
Published: February 2021

Electricity is essential for our daily needs and community and businesses because it can run their products. Recently the community and we depend on electricity, so the usage of electricity is getting an increase. All our hardware and software tools use electricity because electricity changes our style in daily life. So, the management of electricity which the State gives to PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) is a "State-Owned Enterprise" as we were known (BUMN). The electricity distributed to the consumers are still frequently blackout, therefore people and community fell loss with the outage, and make lawsuits to PT. PLN (Persero). This study uses a normative juridical approach, which analyzes data Referring to norms in the applicable law and regulations. The benefit of this research to contribute to the development of legal science, specifically the rule regarding consumer protection for electricity users. This research suggested that PT. PLN (Persero) commits to make a quick response when there is a blackout and give good service to the users. The consumers have to get a copy of the Power Purchase Agreement at the beginning of the installation. It is essential for the consumers as evidence to do a lawsuit when PT. PLN did not keep the promise of the Agreement.Keywords: Electricity, Blackout, Lawsuits.
Indeksasi Jurnal Terakreditasi Science and Technology (SINTA) 1 di Indonesia
Authors: Yani Bira , Sudiar Nining , Amelia Vita
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how the indexation of the accredited journal Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1 in Indonesia. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques through observation and documentation. The population and sample in this study were all accredited journals Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1. The results of this study showed that there were 67 journals indexed at the indexing agency Science and Technology Index (SINTA) 1 with a total of 770 indexation. The most indexation was in the International Journal of Renewable Energy Development and Studia Islamika with the percentage (3.90%) while the least was found in the Indonesian journal Respirology. The next number of indexation levels in the category of low-reputation indexing institutions with a percentage (46.11%), medium-level indexing institutions with a percentage (35.93%) and high-level indexing institutions with a percentage (17.96%). Keywords: Indexation, Journal, Science and Technology (SINTA) 1, Scientific Work
Pengaruh Sumber Informasi Perpustakaan Terhadap Kompetensi Lulusan Sarjana Yang Dimediasi Oleh Literasi Informasi
Authors: Risparyanto Anton
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung sumber informasi perpustakan terhadap kompetensi lulusan sarjana. Begitu juga pengaruh sumber informasi terhadap literasi informasi dan pengaruh literasi informasi terhadap kompetensi lulusan sarjana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitafif dengan jumlah sampel 300 responden yang diambil secara propbability sampling (random). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisa jalur (path) regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber informasi perpustakaan secara langsung dan tidak lang berpengaruh siginifikan terhadap kompetensi lulusan sarjana yang ditunjukan dengan nilai probabilitas (p-value=0.037 <0,05) dan (p-value=0.000 < 0,05). Begitu juga pengaruh sumber informasi terhadap literasi informasi dan selanjutnya literasi informasi terhadap terhadap kompetensi lulusan sarjana dengan nilai probabilitas (p-value=0.000 < 0,05) dan (p-value=0.000 < 0,05). Peneliti juga meyarankan agar peningkatan lulusan sarjana dapat dilakukan melalui ketersedian sumber informasi dan literasi informasi. Penulis juga berharap agar ada penelitian lanjutan yang berkaitan dengan analisis jenis sumber informasi perpustakaan atapun literasi informasi dalam meningkatkan kompetensi lulusan sarjana secara  efektif dan efisien
The current state of natural ponds of North Unguja, Zanzibar: The alteration due to climate change and anthropogenic events
Authors:   Department of Natural Science, The State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania, Adam Ame Khamis , Khamis Haji Makame ,   Department of Natural Science, The State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania, Ali Abdalla Ibrahim ,   Department of Natural Science, The State University of Zanzibar, Tanzania
Published: February 2021

Natural ponds are a biologically important habitat type for their specialized collection and the considerable numbers of rare and endemic species they support and play critical role in maintaining biodiversity. Continued increases in anthropogenic behavior and climate change, act in concert to cause alteration to pond and pond perimeter. In Zanzibar, there are several ponds that impound rainfall runoff; however, there is slight concern in conservation in spite of it great support to ecosystem and livelihood. This paper aimed to determine the current changes within the natural pond perimeter of both natural and anthropogenic events, in north region of Unguja, Zanzibar. A mixed method approach was employed to collect data from 113 respondents that are community members around the six ponds (Vuga, Kichungwani, Mbiji, Muwanda, Kinyasini, and Ketwa) were involved in the study. The qualitative data collected through observations based on checklist made around the ponds was analyzed using atlas Ti software, whereas quantitative data collected through questionnaires and measurement were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The study findings revealed that in the northern Unguja ponds, there is a greater decrease in Area size, changing in condition of water, settlement encroachment and change in vegetation cover which alter the ecosystem composition and human livelihood. These findings highlight the fundamental importance to raise awareness of the alteration trend of the northern Unguja pond and Zanzibar in general. Keywords: Natural ponds, climate, changes (alteration), anthropogenic, freshwater.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berkarakter Realistic Mathematic Education Pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel Kelas X SMA
Authors: Kinanti Necylia , Damris Damris , Huda Nizlel
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengahasilkan lembar kerja perserta didik yang valid dan praktis. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan model pengembangan A-D-DI-E yang terdiri dari lima tahapan yakni Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Adapun proses penulisan LKPD ini menggunakan model penulisan A-D-DI-E yaitu Analyze, Design, Development and Implementation dan Evaluation. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada September 2020 Tahun Akademik 2020/201. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah 3 orang guru matematika dan 8 orang siswa SMAN 2 Kota Jambi. Hasil pengembangan menunjukkan bahwa lembar kerja peserta didik berkarakter Realistic Mathematic Eduication pada materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Tiga Variabel dinyatakan valid dan layak uji coba lapangan berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi dan ahli desain. Sedangkan penilaian tiga praktisi menyatakan bahwa lembar kerja yang dihasilkan praktis digunakan sesuai dengan saran praktisi. Untuk uji coba kelompok kecil yang dilakukan oleh 8 orang siswa SMAN 2 Kota Jamb disimpulkan bahwa komentar yang diberikan siswa teradap lembar kerja peserta didik dalam uji coba kelompok kecil ini memberikan respons yang positif dan terlihat ketertarikan siswa dalam menggunakan LKPD tersebut saat pembelajaran.
Efektifitas E-LKPD berbasis Pendekatan Investigasi terhadap Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Puspita Vivi , Dewi Ika Parma
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini berawal dari rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika kelas V, diantaranya rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam memfokuskan pada permasalahan, menentukan startegi penyelesaian dan memilih argument yang tepat dalam penyelesaiannya.  Penelitian membahas pengaruh berpikir kritis siswa dengan menggunakan E-LKPD berbasis pendekatan investigasi matematika. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 140 siswa sekolah dasar kelas V. Sampel penelitian adalah 68 siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2019 Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes hasil belajar berupa soal uraian sebanyak 5 butir. Data yang diperoleh diuji normalitas dan homogenitasnya kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji-t. Pada kelas eksperimen nilai tertinggi 85, nilai terendah 40, rata-rata 70,37, dengan standar deviasi 9,36. Pada kelas kontrol nilai tertinggi 48,8, nilai terendah 5, rata-rata 20,1, dengan standar deviasi 8,94. Dalam prosesnya, siswa di kelas eksperimen menunjukkan keterampilan berfikir kritis lebih baik dari siswa kelas kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa nilai t_hitung = 41,12> tabel = 1,6687, maka hipotesis atau H1 diterima, dengan demikian penggunaan E-LKPD berbasis pendekatan investigasi matematis berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis.
O ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL II
Authors: Santos Brito Adelmo , Antunes dos Santos Junior Augêncio
Published: February 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar sobre o ensino da Educação Financeira no Ensino Fundamental II destacando a importância da mesma nesse segmento. A elaboração da Base Nacional Comum Curricular - BNCC incluiu a matemática financeira com a finalidade de proporcionar condições para o individuo desenvolvesse habilidades de gerir de modo consciente a vida financeira do cidadão. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível conhecer diversas abordagens e concepções sobre o assunto pesquisado. Nesta pesquisa foram escolhidos artigos completos, dissertações e teses que foram analisados através da leitura dos mesmos com foco em categorias prévias a fim de responder ao objetivo proposto, a saber. Pode-se afirmar que a educação financeira beneficia os indivíduos no sentido de protegê-lo para rentabilizar suas economias, pois é imperativo que se tenha uma boa formação como investidor pessoal e se preocupar com a rentabilidade, risco e liquidez de cada opção disponível no mercado.
The relationship between the secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism and their coping strategies
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Snigur Yulia
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The need for effective coping strategies to be used by the principals of secondary education institutions necessitates the study of the psychological factors associated with the coping strategies, in particular, secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism. Aim: to investigate the relationship between the secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism and their coping strategies. Mehods. N. Vodopyanova and N. Stein Otimism and Activity Scale and the Coping Behavior in Stressful Situations by Norman, D. Endler, D. James, and M. Parker (adapted by T. Krukova). Results. The secondary education institution principals were found to have low activity and optimism. In relation to the levels of their activity and optimism, the secondary education institution principals were divided into "realists", "passive optimists", "passive pessimists", and "active pessimists". Secondary education institution principals' activity and optimism had positive statistically significant relationships with such principals' coping strategies as “social support seeking” and “avoidance”, and a negative statistically significant relationship with the coping strategy called "emotional orientation" (according to the psychological types of secondary education institution principals). Conclusions. The findings can facilitate secondary education institution principals' choice of effective coping strategies.
Communicative tolerance as a component of educational organization heads leadership qualities
Authors:   State Higher Educational Institution «University of Educational Management» of National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Bryukhovetska Oleksandra
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The ongoing transformations in the Ukrainian system of education increase the role of educational organization heads' leadership qualities, in particular, their communicative tolerance. Aim: to empirically investigate the development of and organizational and psychological factors in communicative tolerance as a component of educational organization heads' leadership qualities. Methods. Testing methods and mathematical methods of statistics were used for the research. Results. It has been shown that communicative tolerance as an educational organization heads' leadership quality is poorly developed and affected by the following organizational and psychological factors: a type of the general secondary education institution, heads' managerial experience, gender, and age). Conclusions. The obtained results can be used in educational organization heads' leadership training in the system of postgraduate education (advanced training).
A set of instruments to study women's personal and professional behavioral styles as factors in their attitudes towards money
Authors:   G.S. Kostiuk Institute of psychology of the NAES of Ukraine, Klymenko Nataliia
Published: February 2021

Introduction. In order to study the impact of women's personal and professional behavioral styles on their attitudes towards money, which is an important problem in the context of women's economic socialization and inclusion in social and professional life, researchers need, in particular, special research methods and instruments. Aim. To develop a set of instruments to study women's personal and professional behavioral styles as factors in their attitudes towards money. Results. The author has developed a set of instruments, which includes (a) instruments to study monetary attitudes of a person, (b) instruments to study women's personal and professional behavioral styles, and (c) instruments to study gender, socio-demographic, organizational-professional and socio-economic factors behind women's attitudes towards money and personal and professional behavioral styles. Conclusions. The proposed set of instruments can be used for assessing women's personal and professional behavioral styles as factors in their attitudes to money.
Types of educational organization managers in relation to their attitudes towards change: the relationship with the organization's characteristics
Authors:   G.S.Kostiuk Institute of psychology, NAPS of Ukraine, Klochko Alla
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Modernization of education highlights the role of educational organizations' psychological characteristics in promoting the development of innovative management styles used by educational organization managers. Aim: to analyze the relationship between educational organizations' psychological characteristics and the types of educational organization managers in relation to their attitudes to change. Methods. K. Freilinger and I. Fischer "How Do You Feel About Change?", V. Siegert and L. Lange "How Is Your Organization Developing?" (modified by L.M. Karamushka), V.O. Rozanov "Assessment of Job Satisfaction", G. Perue-Badu Subjective Well-Being Scale (adapted by M.V. Sokolova), and a questionnaire-passport developed by the author. Results. The empirical research conducted by the author found positive and negative statistically significant relationships between the three groups of psychological characteristics of the educational organization (intra-organizational, organization-and-staff interaction relevant, and organizational-functional) and certain types of educational organization managers in relation to their attitudes towards change. Conclusions. The findings can facilitate the development of innovative management styles used by education organization managers.
An instrument to diagnose different aspects of students' consumer behavior
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, Savchenko Olena , Khtei Sofia ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Consumer behavior as an economic behavior of the individual needs to be studied based on the distinctive features of the Ukrainian market and the Ukrainian mentality. However, there is a shortage of standardized instruments to diagnose different aspects of individuals' economic activity, in particular their consumer behavior. Aim. To develop and test validity and reliability of the psychodiagnostic instrument "Students' Consumer Behavior" as well as standardize the data on a sample of adolescents. Methods. The author's Students' Consumer Behavior and Daily Purchases questionnaires and the R. Yanov-Bulman Basic Beliefs Scale questionnaire (adapted by O. Kravtsova). Results. Students' consumer behavior includes: rational distribution of budget, following the opinion of other people and advertising, flexibility in mking purchases, buying as a getting of the wished. It has been found that the tendency of students to make a rational distribution of money is associated with limited monthly expenses (up to 4,000 hryvnias), while the tendency to follow other people's opinions or advertisements when buying goods is associated with a young age, female gender, lower unplanned expences, limited means of subsistence (less than 4,000 hryvnias per month) and the dependant's status. The flexibility in making purchases is more developed in students who make purchases on their own. Young students (up to 20 years) or those who depend on their parents have a tendency to buy goods to meet their needs. Conclusions. The validation and reliability testing procedures used by the author have shown high reliability in measuring different aspects of young people's consumer behavior. The proposed scales measure the aspects of consumer behavior that are relevant to age, gender, independence of purchases, monthly expenses, students' dependence status (being financially dependent/independent of parents), etc. Young people tend not to follow other people's opinions and/or buy goods to meet their own needs as their self-control grows.
Phylogenetic placement and reassessment of Asperisporium pongamiae as Pedrocrousiella pongamiae gen. et comb. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae)
Authors: Rajeshkumar K.C. , Braun U. , Groenewald J.Z. , Lad S.S. , Ashtekar N. , Fatima S. , Anand G.
Published: February 2021

The leaf spot disease of Pongamia pinnata caused by an asperisporium-like asexual morph, which is usually referred to as Asperisporium pongamiae, is quite common during monsoon seasons in India. Phylogenetic analyses, based on LSU and rpb2 sequence data, and blast
searches using ITS sequence data, revealed that this ascomycete forms a lineage within Mycosphaerellaceae distant from all other generic lineages. Pedrocrousiella gen. nov., with P. pongamiae comb. nov., based on Fusicladium pongamiae (≡ A. pongamiae),
as type species is introduced for this lineage. This species has been considered the asexual morph of Mycosphaerella pongamiae (≡ Stigmatea pongamiae). However, this connection is unproven and was just based on the occasional association of the two taxa in some collections.
Several attempts to induce the formation of a sexual morph in culture failed, therefore the putative connection between these morphs could not be confirmed. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae is reduced to synonymy with P. pongamiae. Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae was
introduced because of the wrong assumption that F. pongamiae had been described on another host, Pongamia globosa. But Fusicladium pongamiae was actually described in India on Pongamia glabra, which is a synonym of P. pinnata, and hence on the same host as
Asperisporium pongamiae-pinnatae . Pedrocrousiella pongamiae clusters in a clade containing Distocercospora, Clypeosphaerella , and "Pseudocercospora "nephrolepidicola, a species which is not congeneric with Pseudocercospora. Phylogenetically,
Pedrocrousiella is distant from the Asperisporium s. str. clade (type species A. caricae), which is more closely related to Amycosphaerella, Pseudocercosporella, Distomycovellosiella and Nothopassalora.
PLCG2 is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: February 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that phospholipase C gamma 2, PLCG2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that PLCG2 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. PLCG2 mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of PLCG2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient recurrence-free survival in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. Modulation of PLCG2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.