bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Two-Stage Ditch and Natural Floodplains on Sediment Processes Driven by Different Hydrological Conditions
Authors: Baldan Damiano , Pucher Matthias , Akbari Elmira , Hein Thomas , Weigelhofer Gabriele
Published: July 2021

The two-stage ditch is a river restoration technique that aims at improving the sediment regime and lateral channel connectivity by recreating a small floodplain alongside a stream reach. This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of a two-stage ditch in improving the stream sediment structure and functions under different hydrological conditions (baseflow, post-bankfull, post-flood). Stream sediments were collected in channel sections adjacent to the two-stage ditch, adjacent to a natural floodplain along channelized reaches without inundation areas. Grain sizes, organic matter content and phosphorous (P) fractions were analyzed along with functional parameters (benthic respiration rate and P adsorption capacity, EPC0). The reach at the two-stage ditch showed no changes in sediment texture and stocks, while the floodplain reach showed higher fines and organic matter content under all hydrological conditions. The sediments in degraded reaches were more likely to be P sources, while they were more in equilibrium with the water column next to the natural floodplains and the two-stage ditch. Only functional parameters allowed for assessing the restoration effects on improving the sediment stability and functionality. Due to its sensitivity, the use of P adsorption capacity is recommended in future studies aiming at evaluating the response of river sediments to restoration measures under different hydrological conditions.
Landscape reclamation of open pits – an innovative direction in architecture
Authors: Bykova G.I. , Kostochkina O.V. , Ivanova E.I.
Published: July 2021

The article reflects the issues of transformation of landscapes damaged by craters of spent stone quarries located in urban and suburban areas to create safe and favorable conditions for human life. The following issues are considered by the author: planning organization of the site taking into account the specifics of the terrain, natural and biological factors; design practice of object construction with various types of civil purpose (residential and public buildings); use of certain compositional techniques; development of an artistic and imaginative solution in a harmonious relationship between the aesthetics of technogenic landscapes and objects of new civil use.
Demolition of capital construction projects
Authors: Gavrilyuk M.N.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses topical issues of law enforcement and judicial practice in the field of demolition of capital construction.
To the biology of the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in the Middle Ob river basin
Authors: Interesova Elena Aleksandrovna , Reshetnikova Svetlana Nikolaevna , Lyalina Maria Igorevna , Mishakin Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

Information about some features of the Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) in three different floodplain lakes in the Middle Ob river basin are presented. Individuals of younger age groups predominate in populations. Fish over the age of 9+ are not noted. The ratio of females to males is different, from 4:1 to 8:1, always in favor of females, which is typical for Prussian carp populations in Western Siberia. There were specimens in the sample from 152 to 355 mm long and weighing from 115 to 1250 g. When comparing males and females of the same age, the latter are generally larger. The noted size characteristics — 335 mm and 1250 g — are the maximum of the published data for Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in the Middle Ob river basin. When comparing individuals of the same age, it was shown that Prussian carp Carassius gibelio is a larger size in the big not-frozen lake Monatka than in the small, frozen lakes Zmeevo and Taskino. The maturity of female Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in floodplain lakes of the Middle Ob river basin occurs at the age of 3+, but some 2+ were mature. At the age of 4+, all specimens in the samples were sexually mature. Sexual dimorphism Prussian carp from lake Monatka is weakly expressed: in males, the length of the head, the height of the dorsal and the length of the pectoral fins are statistically significantly greater. A higher dorsal fin can be considered a characteristic feature of the male Prussian carp in the south of Western Siberia in comparison with the females.
Hypothermic storage in salt-free preservative solution alter motility duration in sterlet sperm
Authors: Isaev Dmitry Alexandrovich , Glebov Alexander Pavlovich , Martynova Marina Yurievna , Shishanova Elena Ivanovna
Published: July 2021

Together with concentration, motility is one of the most important characteristics of sturgeon sperm, determining its quality and suitability for insemination. After activation in water, the duration of progressive sperm motility is also important, and this time should not be less than that required for fertilization. Motility of spermatozoa depends on their physiological state, maturity, age and intracellular reserves of macroergic substances. During hypothermic storage, the percentage of spermatozoa that can be activated decreases progressively due to depletion of ATP supply or cell death. To improve the hypothermic storage of sterlet sperm, we have developed salt-free preservative solution ISGT-80 based on glucose and trehalose. During storage of sterlet sperm specimens from 20 males in ISGT-80 for 18 days, we observed, along with a progressive decrease in the percentage of motile spermatozoa, an alteration in the duration of their motility. On the 3rd to 6th day of storage, the time of half-loss of motility (τ50) increased significantly by approximately 1 min on average compared with fresh samples, then gradually decreased, however, not descending to the initial value. The reasons for this prolongation of motility are not clear, but we do not exclude the predominant death of spermatozoa with a short motility duration in the first days of storage and selection in favor of long-lived spermatozoa. Such gametic selection can lead to a shift in allele frequencies at heterozygous loci in the offspring. Thus, hypothermic storage of sperm could become an attractive subject for genetic research with the aim of developing new selection tools in sturgeon breeding.
Macrozoobenthos communities of small reservoirs of the Zhambyl region of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Altayeva Farizat
Published: July 2021

The benthic fauna of 15 reservoirs located in the territory of the Zhambyl region in the Baizak, Zhambyl, Sarysu and Ryskulovsky districts is characterized. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the benthic fauna of the studied reservoirs is heterogeneous, the species composition of zoobenthos in various reservoirs ranged from 1 (Kosheney reservoir) to 6 (Kenes Lake) taxa. The number was in the range 40–480 copies/m², with a biomass 0.03–27.22 mg/m². The bioproductivity of reservoirs in the Baizak district varied from a very low class of α-oligotrophic type to a high class of β-eutrophic type, the number was in the range 160–480 specimens/m², with a biomass 0.76–27.22 mg/m². In the Zhambyl region, from 3 to 6 invertebrate species were identified as part of the macrozoobenthos. The abundance varied 340–360 specimens/m², with a biomass 7.0–17.99 mg/m². Based on the average indicators of the zoobenthos biomass, the level of productivity of the reservoirs of the Zhambyl district varied from the middle class of the β-mesotrophic type to the elevated class of the α-eutrophic type. The zoobenthos of the reservoirs of the Sarysu district varied from 3 to 6 taxa, the number of zoobenthos in the reservoirs ranged from 80 to 160 specimens/m², the biomass 0.36–1.1 mg/m². The value of the biomass of zoobenthos in the reservoirs of the Sarysu district is characteristic of lakes of a very low productivity class, alpha-oligotrophic type. The species diversity of zoobenthos in the reservoirs of the Ryskulovsky district varied from 1 to 3 species. The number varied 40–80 copies/m², the biomass 0.03–17.33 mg/m². The productivity of the reservoirs of the Ryskulovsky district varied from a very low class of α-oligotrophic type to an increased class of α-eutrophic type. According to the frequency of occurrence in all reservoirs, the class of oligochaetes dominated — 20% of the total number of taxa. The Serensen coefficient of species similarity between benthic communities in the districts was 56%.
The role of anthropogenic impact and natural habitat conditions in the reproduction of semi-passable and mass river fish of the lower reaches of the Volga River according to retrospective data
Authors: Chavychalova Natalia Ivanovna , Taradina Dina Germanovna , Vasilchenko O.M. , Mukhanova Raigul Sadyakhovna
Published: July 2021

A retrospective review of the main factors that caused the decline in the reproduction of semi-passable fish in the lower reaches of the Volga River is given. Long-term data on the yield of juvenile semi-passable and river fish are presented, on the basis of which the current state of natural reproduction of roach, carp is estimated as low; bream, bluefin and perch — satisfactory; crucian carp, gaster and rudd — safe. Overregulation of the Volga River flow near Volgograd violated the natural conjugacy of water and temperature regimes. In the regulated period, the timing of the onset of spawning temperature in most cases is ahead of the flooding of the strips. The lag of the delta spawning grounds begins when the runoff is less than 120 km³ and reaches the maximum values (up to 27 days) in years with extremely low water content. The delay in flooding of spawning grounds in conditions of unsatisfactory water content leads to the accumulation of producers in limited areas of strips and simultaneous spawning of fish with different ecology. This leads to increased food competition of the larvae and reduced survival. After the flow was regulated, the rates of rise and fall of the hollow waters increased by 2 times, the hatching of the larvae, as a rule, coincided with the onset of the flow of the hollow waters. The mass removal of larvae into the delta watercourses at the early stages of ontogenesis, due to their lack of viability in river conditions, leads to a decrease in the productivity of spawning grounds. In the modern period (2003– 2019), due to the predominance of unfavorable hydrological regime, the duration of high water and flooding of the poloi years, and in order to clarify the yield of juvenile fish in the lower reaches of the Volga, its accounting was carried out not only in the poloi of the delta, but also in the coastal watercourses (where a large number of larvae and fry that rolled off the poloi and from local spawning), in the kultuch zone and on the poloi of the lower zone of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain.
Determination of cost accounting objects, calculation and improving the calculation of product cost in agriculture
Authors: Alborov Rolan Arkhipovich , Mosunova Ekaterina Leonidovna , Zakharova Elena Vyacheslavovna , Alborov Gregory Rolanovich
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the problems of calculating the cost of agricultural products in crop and livestock production, associated with the methods of production accounting and management accounting systems for production facilities used in practice by agricultural organizations. Variants of definition (selection) of cost accounting objects, objects of calculation of the first order and objects of calculation of the second order are proposed. Conceptual models for the distribution of costs between the objects of the first-order calculation, the objects of the second-order calculation and the calculation of the cost of the received types of agricultural products have been developed. Using the example of the production of the main herd of dairy cattle, it is shown that the use of old methods of calculating the cost of agricultural products is not consistent, and it is recommended to use more justified methods of calculating the cost of crop and livestock products, recommended in the new editions of the relevant guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation.
Statistical analysis of trends in agriculture of Russia during the implementation of state programs
Authors: Kagirova Maria Vyacheslavovna , Khudyakova Elena Viktorovna , Dzhikiya Konstantin Akakievich , Butyrin Vasily Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

The purpose of implementation of State programs in the agricultural sector of Russia, starting with the Priority national project for the development of the agro-industrial complex in 2006, is to create conditions for the transition of the processes of production and distribution of agricultural products to a qualitatively new level. Modern agriculture should be high-tech in order to meet the needs of the population for high-quality products and increase export potential while maintaining and expanding the resource base of industries, reducing dependence on imports of its elements. Based on the methods of grouping and analytical alignment of time series, studying the structure of the use of gross output and intermediate consumption of agriculture, this study identifies trends in the growth of agricultural production in the period from 2005 to 2019, the features of the contribution of regions to their formation, an increase in the level of marketability of products in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, the growth of exports of milk, meat and grain. At the same time, the preservation of the dependence of production on the import of seed, planting material, pedigree livestock, poultry, elements of information production technologies was noted, and it violates the principles of food security of the country as the main task of agricultural development.
Analysis of the efficiency of using the machine and tractor fleet (on the example of agricultural enterprises of the Ryazan region)
Authors: Khudyakova Elena Viktorovna , Nikanorov Mikhail Sergeevich , Butyrin Vasilij Vladimirovich
Published: July 2021

The efficiency of the use of agricultural machinery is largely a determining factor in the efficiency of agricultural production in general. The analysis of the efficiency of using the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises should be comprehensive. It should be based on a set of such indicators, both quantitative and qualitative indicators, but for crop production, the construction of this system of indicators has its own specifics, due to the fact that in agriculture the working period and the production period do not coincide. When studying the economy of machine use, it is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of direct effect and efficiency, the measure of which is the ratio of operating costs and the volume of mechanized work required for these conditions. The efficiency analysis should be based on the indicators of the volume of mechanized work performed with the help of machines, aggregates, machine and tractor fleet per shift, day, period, year. In close connection with the productivity of machine operators and the level of use of equipment are such cost, generalizing indicators as the cost of mechanized work and the cost of production. The article evaluates the efficiency of using the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises in the Alexander Nevsky district of the Ryazan region, and analyzes the dynamics of crop energy saturation, showing its trends in 2015–2019. The analysis showed that in comparison with the level of 2015, the energy saturation of agriculture in the Ryazan region decreased by 7.6 %. Also, the energy supply of labor decreased by 7.8 %. High energy intensity leads to a reduction in the competitiveness of Russian food, which today is significantly inferior to Chinese, Polish, Israeli, and, in a number of sub-sectors of agriculture — Western European. In conditions of low attractiveness of agricultural production in the banking sector, the role of state support for the development of the material and technical base increases. The analysis of the directions of state support showed that the federal budget presupposes the use of indirect measures of state support (subsidizing the interest rate), and the regional budget combines direct measures (subsidies for the reimbursement of part of direct costs) and indirect regulation in the same proportion.
THE TEST RIG FOR STUDYING THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PHYSIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: KORNAEVA I.N. , STEBAKOV S.G. , POPOV E.P. , DREMIN V.V. , STAVTSEV D.D.
Published: July 2021

This article presents the results of work on the rig for studying the rheological properties of physiological fluids. The hardware and software components of the test rig is described. The test results of the fluid flow detection in the capillary were obtained on the basis of the laser speckle contrast visualization method.
CALCULATION OF FLOOR BEARING WITH FERROMAGNETIC LIQUID OF TURBOGENERATORS OF POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Authors: SYTIN A.V. , KIRICHEK А.А. , TOKMAKOV N.V. , YAKOVLENKO O.V.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses ways to solve the problem of wear of the rotor bearings of turbine units at the moments of start–up and shutdown. The concept of a new type of elastic–damping combined sliding bearings, which combines the use of ferromagnetic fluids in the design of multi–blade bearings, is proposed. On the basis of this, a design of a petal bearing with an electromagnetic effect on elastic elements and a ferromagnetic lubricant has been proposed. The properties and features of the use of ferromagnetic fluids in precision engineering as a lubricant are described. A mathematical model of an electromagnetic petal bearing with a ferromagnetic fluid is proposed on the basis of the Reynolds equation from the course of magnetohydrodynamics, Maxwell's equations for a magnetic field, a system of equations in displacements based on the theory of cylindrical shells. An algorithm for the operation of the rotor support during start–up, shutdown, as well as when the power supply of the electromagnets is turned off.
DYNAMICS OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC MANIPULATOR WITH ELASTIC LINKS IN USE OPTIMUM MOTION CONTROL
Authors: VARMINSKAYA N.I.
Published: July 2021

The optimal rotational motion of the anthropomorphic manipulator with elements of finite rigidity is investigated from the initial to the final state of absolute quiescence using skew–symmetric controls of the "acceleration–deceleration" type. The motion of the links is divided into figurative (providing the purpose of the movement) and relative (elastic oscillations of the links). Absolute quiescence at the end of motion is achieved as a sum of figurative and relative quiescence.
TWO–COMPONENT RESTORABLE TOOL SYSTEM MULTI–PURPOSE MACHINE WITH AN INSTANTLY REFILLED TIME RESERVE
Authors: PESCHANSKY A.I. , KHARCHENKO A.O. , BRATAN S.M.
Published: July 2021

The object of the research is the technical system of a multipurpose machine tool, the tools of which can fail and be restored. A failed tool remains functional for some time due to a temporary reserve until a parametric failure occurs, the magnitude of which is random. All random variables describing the system have general distributions. The apparatus for constructing a mathematical model of the described system is a semi–Markov process with a discrete–continuous phase space of states. The stationary distribution of the embedded Markov chain is found explicitly. For systems with parallel connection, series connection with disconnection and without disconnection of elements, the stationary time between failures of the system, the stationary time spent in the state of failure and the stationary system availability factor are found. A numerical example shows the dependence of the stationary characteristics of the system on the size of the time reserve.
COMPENSATION OF ELASTIC MOVEMENT WHEN MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF THE PARTS
Authors: NEMENKO A.V. , NIKITIN M.M.
Published: July 2021

The possibilities of compensating for distortions during the machining of a thin–walled part by communicating to the processing tool movement in antiphase to the oscillation of the workpiece are considered. A method is proposed for establishing the expected amplitude spectrum of oscillations of the workpiece based on the expansion of the solution of the differential equation of oscillations of the part in a series in powers of time. The emerging transient determinants are considered and formulas for their fast calculation are obtained for solving the transient system of equations for the coefficients of two series by Cramer's method. The proposed method is applicable to flat processing mainly at its finishing stages, but it can be extended to other types of processing by considering the forced vibrations of the workpiece in the corresponding planes.
DIGITAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM
Authors: ABLAEV A.R. , KHROMOV E.V. , ABLAEV R.R. , POLYAKOV A.P.
Published: July 2021

The article investigates the issue of optimization of a complex technical system at the stage of its design using a heuristic–phenomenological approach. The analysis of the principles of complex optimization of complex technical systems is carried out. A four–level structure for the synthesis of methodological, informational and software support for complex optimization of complex technical systems is proposed, which will allow controlling the programmable parameters of complex technical systems at each stage of their design.
Identification of a Stranded Whale by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis - www.DNASurveillance Program in Action
Authors: HERATH D.R.
Published: July 2021

A whale stranded in 2003 in Colombo, Sri Lanka, was identified based on its morphological characters as Bryde’s whale, Balaenoptera brydei. Tissue samples from the muscles were collected for sequencing of the mitochondrial control region. The obtained DNA sequence matched that of known common Bryde’s whale in a large database. The morphological species identification was thus confirmed. By matching sequenced tissue samples of unidentified whales and dolphins against a reference data base specific identifications are possible.
Assessment of Impact of Aquaculture on Mangrove Environments in the South East Coast of India Using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS)
Authors: JAYANTHI M. , GNANAPZHALAM L. , RAMACHANDRAN S.
Published: July 2021

Rapid development of aquaculture in coastal areas has raised worldwide concern on its potential role in mangrove habitat loss. This study is an attempt to assess the impact of shrimp aquaculture on the mangroves eco systems. The land resources used for aquaculture development were mapped from satellite data and analysed using Geographical Information System (GIS) to assess the extent of conversion from different land types to aquaculture. The digital data from Landsat -TM of 1987, IRS 1B - LISS II of 1994, IRS 1C- LISS III of 1998 and IRS - 1D LISS III of 2004 were used for the study. Aquaculture area has increased from 6.91 ha in 1987 to 386.33 ha in 2004. Change detection analysis using GIS indicated that mangroves of 4.84 ha and degraded mangroves of 6.16 ha were converted for aquaculture. Major development of aquaculture has occurred from agricultural lands (176.99 ha) and fallow lands (234.25 ha). Forest plantation of 21.68 ha, mudflats of 23.63 ha, water bodies of 18.13 ha and sandy areas of 60.87 ha were converted for aquaculture between 1987 and 2004. The aquaculture farms of 15.03 ha, converted from agricultural lands were reconverted back to agriculture due to disease problems. The shrimp culture practiced in 109.47 ha was abandoned and lying as fallow lands. Mangroves at Pichavaram were not affected due to the development of shrimp culture. The study indicated that remote sensing and GIS techniques are ideally suited to the task of assessing changes in the mangrove environments due to aquaculture and have the potential to contribute for sustainable aquaculture.
Cultural & Climatic Actors: Shifting Roles of Architects and Practice
Authors:   University of Louisiana - Lafayette, Latiolais Ashlie , Xanamane Phanat ,   Envision da Berry
Published: July 2021

As the skills required for creating architecture continue to broaden and deepen, integrating professional experience into architectural education will be increasingly necessary. This integration will create graduates that are more adaptable and versatile than through academic experience alone. Professional Practice discourse is an obvious venue for discussing and exploring the broader skills required for success and advancement in architectural practice, however, this paper entry discusses a shift of conventional practice to a practice that addresses community work – from production processes – through a semester-long studio experience. The studio was dedicated to the students’ professional development of social and environmental responsibility using a transdisciplinary and collaborative approach. The impacts of intersecting architectural practice and interdisciplinary collaborators with architectural education through community engagement dissolves the notion that these actors are mutually exclusive. Rather, what yielded is an inclusive approach to creating environments that are more socially conscious; benefitting both the students and community patrons.
Transforming Single-Family Neighborhoods: A Climate Action and Social Equity Mandate
Authors:   University of Washington, Mohler Richard
Published: July 2021

In many fast-growing cities around the country, up to three- quarters of the land zoned for residential use is reserved for detached, single-family dwellings at suburban densities. This is both a climate justice and racial justice issue as it has the doubly negative impact of artificially constraining housing supply and driving up costs, forcing many lower and middle income families farther away from job centers and imposing on them long, costly, and carbon-intensive com- mutes. Single-family zoning was also used as an explicit tool to segregate the U.S. by race starting in the 1920s and, in the process, denied countless people of color access to home- ownership, the most powerful wealth-building tool available to U.S. families. This is a significant factor in the stark racial disparities in household wealth that we see today.This paper outlines the findings of a nationally cited report on single-family zoning released by the Seattle Planning Commission, which advises the City Council and Mayor on land use and housing policy and of which the author is a member. It also reviews a collaboration between the com- mission and a graduate research-based architectural design studio and seminar co-taught by the author. This collabo- ration re-envisions urban, single-family neighborhoods to be more equitable, sustainable and livable while engaging students in a national policy dialogue in the process. The results of the studio will advance the commission’s efforts to advise Seattle’s elected officials in revising public policy to be more aligned with the city’s climate and racial justice goals.
Architecture and Analogous Habitats
Authors:   Pratt Institute, Harrison Ariane Lourie
Published: July 2021

Harrison Atelier proposes architecture for multiple species in projects that range from pavilion-scale agricultural infrastructure to speculations for new urban ecologies. Such built work represents the application of principles from architectural theories of the posthuman, namely a focus that seeks to integrate habitats for non-humans into architectural design concerns. The Pollinators Pavilion by architect Ariane Harrison, seeks a larger role for architecture in environmental activism and focuses on biodiversity conservation and materials exploration. Harrison Atelier uses artificial intelligence and automated scientific monitoring strategies to create and analyze habitat systems and increase building awareness.
Ecologies of Consumption: Food, Materials & Climate
Authors:   Cornell University, Hong Zaneta
Published: July 2021

Our ways of living are endangered and on the verge of catastrophic change. Though we may experience the effects of climate change at a macro level, changes are rhizomatic, cascading through scales and networks interconnected by materials and energies, biologies and chemistries, economies and cultures; each of these connections affecting the very ingredients of our everyday life in diverse and unpredictable ways. No other system of matter and exchange offers such a thorough lens through which to examine these effects as does our contemporary food systems. This lecture presents a perspective on how degrees of interconnectivity and the precarity of decision-making for food, materials and construction can impact the future of built environments.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS (CNWs) AND CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNFs)
Authors: HU ZHIJUN , CAO XINYU , GUO DALIANG , XU YINCHAO , WU PING , CHRISTIE PETER , LI JING
Published: July 2021

Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) from plant biomass are of considerable interest, primarily due to their low density, biodegradability, mechanical strength, economic output, and renewability. Here, a new pretreatment method has been developed to produce CNWs based on supercritical CO2 and ethanol. The raw material was micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and experimental factors were controlled to enhance the properties of CNWs produced using a ball-milling technique following supercritical CO2 pretreatment. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were also prepared using a high-pressure Microfluidizer©. A comparative study was conducted of the properties of the raw materials, the CNWs and the CNFs. The solid yields of P-MFC after supercritical CO2 pretreatment gradually decreased, along with the temperature and the reaction time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the CNWs and CNFs show that the morphology of the CNWs was basically acicular, while that of the CNFs was mainly soft fibrous. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggest that the thermal stability of the CNWs was substantially higher than those of the CNFs and the raw material. XRD results indicate that the crystallinity showed an initial increasing trend and then declined with increasing temperature and reaction time, and the crystallinity value of CNWs was higher than that of CNFs. The smaller CNWs became rougher and had a larger surface area.
PREPARATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PAPER BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED TWO-POT IN-SITU DEPOSITION OF ZINC OXIDE ON FILTER PAPER
Authors: SAMAR GENNE PATT O. , TAPIA ALVIN KARLO G. , PIÑOL CHRYSLINE MARGUS N. , LANTICAN NACITA B. , DEL MUNDO MA. LOURDES F. , MANALO RONNIEL D. , HERRERA MARVIN U.
Published: July 2021

We employed a microwave-assisted two-pot in-situ deposition technique to incorporate zinc oxide particulates in the structure of filter paper to produce antimicrobial paper. The process involved successive immersion of filter paper samples in ZnSO4 (precursor solution) and NaOH (precipitating agent) to form Zn(OH)2, which transformed into ZnO during microwave treatment. Successful deposition of ZnO particles on the filter paper was confirmed via X-ray diffraction and the corresponding morphologies were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The ZnO-deposited papers were tested for antimicrobial activity and were found to be more effective against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) than Escherichia coli (gram-negative). Bacterial populations were reduced by up to 92 ± 2% and 57 ± 4% for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Also, it was found that the samples prepared using higher concentrations of ZnSO4 and NaOH exhibited better antimicrobial properties.
FIBER CLASSIFICATION, PHYSICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED PAPER
Authors: YILMAZ UFUK , TUTUŞ AHMET , SÖNMEZ SİNAN
Published: July 2021

"In this study, reference papers prepared in accordance with the INGEDE 11p standard (International Association of the Deinking Industry) were recycled three times. Initially, reference papers were subjected to wetting, pulping, storage, deinking, dispersing and bleaching processes. At the end of these processes, test papers were produced and their optical characteristics were examined. The brightness value of writing papers (of 80 grams) was determined to be of 86%, following the TS 11610:2017 standard. In order to bring the brightness of the produced laboratory test papers to the specified value, double-stage bleaching was applied: with 0.4% FAS in the first stage and H2O2 in the second stage. The physical and optical properties of the test papers that reached the standard brightness value were determined. Overall, the final products were recycled three times. At the end of the third recycling stage, changes in paper fibers were examined.
As a result, it was observed that the breaking, tear and burst resistance of the obtained papers gradually decreased at the end of each recycling stage. In addition, because of the narrowing fiber surface, it was determined that the opacity value of the paper decreased at the end of each recycling stage. According to the fiber classification results, the fiber size shrank at the end of the third recycling stage and a large part of the fibers remained in the 200 mesh. Paper fibers are recycled 3.6 times in Europe. This rate is approximately 2.4 times higher than the world average. This study offers interesting results regarding cellulose recycling, which has gained great importance in recent years.
"
CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL SUITABILITY OF SIMAROUBA GLAUCA SEED SHELL LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AS ADSORBENT OF BASIC DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Authors: BALAKRISHNAN JEYAGOWRI , RANGAIYA THIAGARAJAN YAMUNA
Published: July 2021

The present study investigates the potential of Simarouba glauca seed shell powder as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of the cationic dyes Malachite green (MG), Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and elemental (CHNS) analyses. Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out varying the experimental conditions, such as initial dye concentration and contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and particle size, in order to assess the adsorbent capacity for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. The experimental data were analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. The data fitted well the Langmuir model for the dyes studied. Kinetic data were analysed using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion and Boyd models. The experimental results showed that the pseudo-second order model fitted well.
Islamic Social Reporting Bank Syariah di Indonesia : Fokus Pada Islamic Governance Score, Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Likuiditas dan Leverage
Authors: Riyanti Budi
Published: July 2021

Perbankan berbasis syariah dalam melaksanakan aktivitasnya harus didasari prinsip dan ajaran Islam. Diperlukan kerangka khusus dalam pelaporan tanggung jawab sosial agar sesuai dengan prinsip Islam yang disebut islamic social reporting. Perkembangan pengungkapan tanggung jawab sosial yang dilaporkan oleh bank syariah dengan menggunakan indeks ISR di Indonesia masih lambat dibandingkan dengan negara-negara Islam di dunia. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh islamic governance score, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, likuiditas dan leverage terhadap islamic sosial reporting. Sampel yang digunakan adalah bank umum syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) tahun 2016-2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa islamic governance score, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan likuiditas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap islamic sosial reporting sedangkan leverage berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap Islamic Sosial Reporting.
THE HOUSEHOLD FINANCIAL CONDUCT AND ITS IMPACT ON STABILITY FINANCIAL SYSTEM
Authors: Zebua Selamat
Published: July 2021

The importance of maintaining Financial System Stability is the basis for economic sustainability. One of the pillars of national economic resilience is the role of the household sector as a fundamental object so that supply and demand reach an equilibrium point. Household financial behavior is closely related to income levels and household credit behavior towards Financial System Stability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of financial behavior in the household sector on financial system stability. Data collection using purposive sampling method was carried out using a questionnaire through the help of Google Forms application to 400 households in the Tangerang area. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 3. 0 to explain the correlation between endogenous and exogenous variables. The loading factor results indicate that the value of financial behavior is 0.285, household income is 0.232 and household credit behavior is 0.229 has a significant effect on the financial stability system. Meanwhile, the value of financial behavior is 0.599 on household income and the value of financial behavior is 0.588 on household credit behavior which has a direct effect.
Membangun minat berwirausaha melalui motivasi, pendidikan kewirausahaan dan kepribadian
Authors: Purwani sari Putri Gesit
Published: July 2021

This study is aimed at recognizing the motivational, entrepreneurial ducation and personality has on entrepreneurial interests. The study consists of three dependent variables, which are motivational, entrepreneurial education, personality and one independent variable in entrepreneurship intrest. The population in the study are students of Sarjanawiyata university economics students with a sample of over 100 research model respondents using a quantitative analysis. Results show that a positive influence between motivations for entrepreneurial interests, there is no influence between entrepreneurial education variables ovr entrepreneurial interests, there is a positive influence personality between entreprnurial interests.Keyword: entrepreneurship education, personality, interest in entrepreneurship.
Analysis of PT. Celebit Circuit Technology's business negotiation strategy with customers
Authors: Aulia Shifa
Published: July 2021

In business negotiations, there is often little way to know how the agreement will be executed properly through negotiations and agreements with both parties concerned. The existence of the company's problems with the customer, the company must be able to provide alternative solutions to problems that occur by negotiating with the customer to seek mutual agreement as decision making. Informants from the PPC (Pre Production Control) / PPIC (Plan Production Inventory Control) section made an alternative as an initial negotiation with the customer in taking the negotiation agreement that occurred. In this study the authors used qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through interviews and literature study and interview data analysis techniques were carried out such as observing, discussing and describing the problem in a certain way. Based on the results of interviews with PPC (Pre Production Control) / PPIC (Plan Production Inventory Control) officers, there are several alternative strategies such as delivery warnings, production deliveries, alternative rooms and partial deliveries. With the end of the "win-lose" negotiation, the company has to find a way out of the problem that actually all parties benefit and see long-term opportunities in the negotiations that occur.
ORIENTASI WIRAUSAHA, ORIENTASI PASARDAN KINERJAUKM: PENGARUH MEDIASI STRATEGI COST LEADERSHIP DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 (Studi Pada UKM Laundry di Kota, Semarang)
Authors: Lukiastuti Fitri
Published: July 2021

Kinerjausaha merupakan keberhasilan ataupunkegagalan organisasi dalam menjalankan tugasdan fungsi pokokdalam rangkamewujudkan sasaran, target dan tujuan, Suatuperusahaanperlumemperhatikanfaktor-faktoryangmempengaruhikinerjanya.Tujuanpenelitianiniadalahuntukmengetahuipengaruh mediasistrategikepemimpinanbiayapada hubungan orientasi wirausaha dan orientasi pasar terhadap kinerja UKM. Objek penelitian ini adalah UKM laundry di Kota Semarang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 UKM laundry. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakanmetodeprobabilitysampling.Analisisdenganpath analysis (analisis jalur).Hasil analisismenunjukkanorientasi pasar danorientasi wirausaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap strategi kepemimpinanbiaya. Orientasipasar,orientasiwirausahadanstrategikepemimpinanbiayaberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja UKMlaundry, dan strategi kepemimpinanbiaya mampu memediasi pengaruh orientasi wirausaha dan orientasi pasar terhadapkinerjaUKMlaundrydiKota Semarang.
Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of Eu-doped Ga2O3 single crystals grown by the floating zone method
Authors: Yanagida Takayuki , Kato Takumi , Nakauchi Daisuke , Kawaguchi Noriaki
Published: July 2021

We developed undoped, Eu 1%-, 3%-, and 10%-doped Ga2O3 samples by the floating zone method to evaluate their photoluminescence and scintillation properties. The photoluminescence of the undoped, Eu 1%-, and 3%-doped samples showed intense host emission in the UV–vis range, while the Eu 10%-doped sample exhibited strong emission at 700–800 nm. In the scintillation spectra obtained upon X-ray excitation, host emission was observed in all the samples, and the Eu-doped ones exhibited some sharp emission lines due to the 4f–4f transitions of Eu3+. Among the samples investigated, the Eu 1%-doped sample showed the highest emission intensity for both scintillation and thermally stimulated luminescence.
ON THE ROLE OF MARKET INSTITUTIONS DURING ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
Authors: BERULAVA GEORGE
Published: July 2021

The paper considers the role market institution in the process of economic transformation. At present stage, the development of the efficient market system implies the creation
of the incentive structure that will stimulate businesses to invest in innovation and production activities rather than in ‘rent-seeking’ behavior. Such an incentive structure, in turn, is a product of viable institutions that complement the mechanism of market competition and that guarantee property rights, honour of contracts and payment of credits, lower barriers for market entry and exit, reduce transaction costs and facilitate
increase of the effectiveness of the market of production factors. Only under such conditions economic agents receive the possibility and stimuli for innovation, thus creating preconditions for steady economic growth.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS OF GEORGIA: KEY ASPECTS OF ITS ANALYSIS
Authors: ASLAMAZISHVILI NANA
Published: July 2021

What does the Balance of Payments deficit mean? The deficit of the balance of payments does not always mean economic downturn, or vice versa. However, achieving and
maintaining the balance of international economic relations is an important macroeconomic task for any country. In this regard, the in-depth analysis of the balance of payments tendencies is extremely important, especially for Georgia. Unfortunately, in our country often approaches and methods of analysis are inadequate, communication with users is delayed, data transparency is insufficient, academic circles are less interested in external sector statistics problem. The purpose of this paper is to provoke designing of comprehensive foreign sector data analysis among appropriate specialists.
ESTONIAN MODEL OF PROFIT TAXAND ITS RESULTS IN GEORGIA
Authors: GULNAZ ERKOMAISHVILI GULNAZ ERKOMAISHVILI , ALUDAURI DAVID
Published: July 2021

The paper deals with one of the important legislative amendments in the Tax Code of Georgia, according to which the existing model of taxation was changed by the Estonian
model. It was created in the agreement with Georgian legislation and with regard to Georgia’s socio-economic condition. The purpose of this model is to accelerate economic growth and create favorable conditions for starting and developing
business. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the new tax system can be positively evaluated, as there is clearly visible improvement in the volume of investment and GDP, which will ultimately result in a country’s well-being.
THE DANGER OF DEGRADATION OF EDUCATION SYSTEM AND LABOR MARKET IN
THE CASE OF MISALIGNED MOTIVATIONS
Authors: BICHIA QUJI
Published: July 2021

The positive correlation between expected wages of workers and additional steps of education attainment has been studied extensively, as well as inverse relation between
education level in the country and unemployment rate. Thus, it is important to analyze education and labor markets in relation, more so with the presence of imperfections in these markers. Coordination may fail on markets of asymmetric information when there are high and low quality products, which are indistinguishable. This can cause degradation of the market. In order to avoid it, motivations of each side should be aligned correctly on education and labor markets. This can only be achieved if the education system is constructed with right motivators for both sides right from the base. Education cannot be a useful signal to employers if educational attainment cannot be used as a way of distinguishing employee’s skills from others’.
FOR UNDERSTANDING OF CHALLENGES OF GEORGIAN LABOUR MARKET
Authors: KENCHOSHVILI MARIAMI
Published: July 2021

Nowadays, unemployment is one of the main challenges of every country, but it is not the only problem for labor market in Georgia. For coping with the problems available on labor
market of Georgia, the Georgian Government made important steps, though for increasing efficiency it is important:
• Comprehensive and systematic work on every level of state structures for implementation of the state strategy for formation labor market of Georgia and active policy strategy of labor market and later on for continuation of the policy;
• To ensure review of the minimal salary policy by the respective state agencies and adjustment to the demands of Georgian labor market;
• Respective state services ensure defining the rate of overtime work in terms of hourly renumeration;
• Respective state agencies shall ensure enhancement of the labor inspection mandate in order healthy working environment is the basis for healthy economics.