bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unique Neoantigens Arise from Somatic Mutations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Parkhurst Maria R. , Robbins Paul F. , Tran Eric , Prickett Todd D. , Gartner Jared J. , Jia Li , Ivey Gabriel , Li Yong F. , El-Gamil Mona , Lalani Almin , Crystal Jessica S. , Sachs Abraham , Groh Eric , Ray Satyajit , Ngo Lien T. , Kivitz Scott , Pasetto Anna , Yossef Rami , Lowery Frank J. , Goff Stephanie L. , Lo Winifred , Cafri Gal , Deniger Drew C. , Malekzadeh Parisa , Ahmadzadeh Mojgan , Wunderlich John R. , Somerville Robert P.T. , Rosenberg Steven A.
Published: June 2019

Immunotherapies can mediate regression of human tumors with high mutation rates, but responses are rarely observed in patients with common epithelial cancers. This raises the question of whether patients with these common cancers harbor T lymphocytes that recognize mutant proteins expressed by autologous tumors that may represent ideal targets for immunotherapy. Using high-throughput immunologic screening of mutant gene products identified via whole-exome sequencing, we identified neoantigen-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 62 of 75 (83%) patients with common gastrointestinal cancers. In total, 124 neoantigen-reactive TIL populations were identified, and all but one of the neoantigenic determinants were unique. The results of in vitro T-cell recognition assays demonstrated that 1.6% of the gene products encoded by somatic nonsynonymous mutations were immunogenic. These findings demonstrate that the majority of common epithelial cancers elicit immune recognition and open possibilities for cell-based immunotherapies for patients bearing these cancers.

Significance:

TILs cultured from 62 of 75 (83%) patients with gastrointestinal cancers recognized neoantigens encoded by 1.6% of somatic mutations expressed by autologous tumor cells, and 99% of the neoantigenic determinants appeared to be unique and not shared between patients.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 983
BAP1 Germline Mutation Associated with Bilateral Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Yu Michael D. , Masoomian Babak , Shields Jerry A. , Shields Carol L.
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To describe the occurrence of bilateral primary uveal melanoma in 2 patients with mutation on the gene encoding BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1). Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with bilateral primary uveal melanoma and subsequent positive germline BAP1 mutation. Results: There were 2 patients with bilateral uveal melanoma and BAP1 germline positivity. Neither patient demonstrated oculodermal melanocytosis. Patient 1 underwent enucleation of his right eye (OD) at the age of 44 years for a 9.6-mm-thick choroidal melanoma. He returned 4 years later with a 10.0-mm-thick choroidal melanoma in his left eye (OS) and was treated with plaque radiotherapy. He had a strong family history of cancer, and clinical testing for germline BAP1 mutation identified a pathogenic mutation in BAP1. At the 18-month follow-up, visual acuity was 20/200 OS without evidence of systemic metastasis. Patient 2 initially presented at age 54 years with extensive, diffuse iris melanoma OD, initially treated with plaque radiotherapy, but local recurrence after 3 years necessitated enucleation. Four years later, a 6.0-mm-thick ciliary body melanoma OS was found and successfully treated with plaque radiotherapy. Clinical testing for germline BAP1 mutation identified a pathogenic mutation in BAP1. At the 8-year follow-up, visual acuity was 20/40 OS without evidence of local recurrence or systemic metastasis. The patient expired secondary to an unrelated brain infarction. Conclusion: Bilateral uveal melanoma is exceedingly rare. Patients with bilateral uveal melanoma, especially when coincident with remote systemic cancers or a family history of cancer, should be evaluated for germline BAP1 mutation. Lifelong monitoring for related systemic malignancies is advised.
What Has Changed Since the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Testing with the Cytology-Based Cervical Cancer Screening System in Japan A Social Experiment
Authors: Hashiguchi Mariko , Nakao Yoshifumi , Honda Atsuko , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Hanashima Katsuyuki , Nishiyama Satoshi , Yokoyama Masatoshi
Published: June 2019

Background: Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer in the world. In Japan, we have an apparently low rate of joining cervical cancer screening programs compared with Western countries. Furthermore, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer among the younger generation has been increasing. Object: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and cytology in Japan. Methods: Collaborating with Saga City government, we initiated a cervical cancer screening system consisting of HPV testing and baseline cervical cytology from April 2011 as a social experiment. A total of 17,284 participants have been screened with this new combination system. Results: After HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening, the number of screenings done in women aged under 40 years has significantly increased. In addition, the number of women diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 has increased (25 of 14,025 vs. 146 of 23,049 under 50 years: p < 0.001). Conclusion: These data suggested that the introduction of HPV testing with cytology-based cervical cancer screening as an adjunct to conventional cytology resulted in better efficiency and more accurate screening among the Japanese population.
Une Théorie de la Justice peut-elle être Réaliste ?
Authors: Spector Céline
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

"Si la philosophie politique aspire à la justice, s’interdit-elle de penser l’histoire, les individus en chair et en os ? En bâtissant des châteaux en Espagne, n’a-t-elle pas peuplé la théorie politique d’artefacts imaginaires ou de « zombies raisonnables » ? Le mythe rationaliste en philosophie politique semble être le comble de l’aveuglement théorique. La théorie politique devient ipso facto aveugle à la violence – violence réelle des rapports sociaux, violence des rapports de genre, violence des guerres et des crimes de masse. La philosophie semble sourde à l’agonisme de la scène politique, incapable de prendre la mesure des situations réelles d’oppression et d’aliénation."
Les Grands Arguments d’Aristote et Descartes
Authors: Bimbenet Étienne
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

"La question anthropologique est aujourd’hui une question nouvellement débattue, dans le cadre de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « l’anthropologie philosophique ». Deux raisons au moins peuvent expliquer un tel phénomène. Elles tiennent chacune à notre « image de l’homme » – à l’inéluctable effacement de cette image, ou plus exactement de ses contours. Comme on sait, il devient chaque jour plus malaisé de savoir où commence notre humanité, lorsqu’on confronte celle-ci aux différents précurseurs que lui découvrent depuis plus d’un demi-siècle et l’éthologie animale, et la primatologie. L’animal est devenu partie prenante de la vie humaine, une présence obsédante, un compagnon qui nous presse de questions et qui défie les frontières de notre humanité aussi bien par sa position de victime que par la proximité nouvelle que lui confère la science. Il est, comme le chat de Derrida, celui qui sinon accuse du moins interroge et met en question1. C’est comme si nous avions des comptes à lui rendre, sur ce que nous sommes et avons fait de lui ; et cette tâche regarde au premier chef la philosophie."
La Fragrance et le Musique, ou l’Invention d’un Art « Sonolfactif »
Authors: Jaquet Chantal
Published: June 2019

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

"Souvent, l’art des parfums emprunte ses images, voire ses concepts à la musique pour exprimer sa temporalité évanescente et invisible. La création de parfums se présente comme une composition rythmée de notes olfactives : notes de tête, plus légères et volatiles, à la manière de croches aromatiques, comme les agrumes ou les menthes ; notes de cœur, florales et épicées, de plus longue durée ; notes de fond, plus lourdes et persistantes, comme un refrain musqué ou boisé. Faute d’un vocabulaire olfactif riche et développé, la description des fragrances puise elle aussi ses expressions dans un registre musical et s’appuie sur des analogies et des correspondances poétiques nourries par le symbolisme de Baudelaire. L’auteur des Fleurs du mal n’hésite pas à parler de parfums « doux comme les hautbois1 » et à mêler les « parfums des verts tamariniers » au chant des mariniers. » Dans La chevelure, son esprit qui se baigne dans cette forêt aromatique répond à ceux qui « voguent sur la musique »."
Arte e inteligências artificiais: implicações para a criatividade
Authors: Venancio Júnior Sergio José
Published: June 2019

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre as obras de arte dotadas de inteligência artificial, tangendo questões como autonomia e criatividade. Primeiro são oferecidas algumas obras como exemplos, e discute-se o problema da autonomia criativa sob a qual estas iniciativas são comumente interpretadas. Referências dos algoritmos evolutivos e da Cibernética culminam em um modelo particular de análise de obras em termos de sintaxe, semântica e pragmática. Tal modelo oferece possível segmentação dos espectros da criatividade humana, enquanto esclarece alguns desafios para o desenvolvimento de máquinas criativas. Finalmente, apresenta-se uma proposta artística que utiliza recursos de inteligência artificial para gerar desenhos, trazendo uma situação em que a máquina influencia, interfere e redefine um processo criativo que dilui intencionalidades do artista.
Arte: estabilidade e ruptura, do modernismo ao zeitgeist da contemporaneidade
Authors: Fogliano Fernando , Malva Daniel , Furquim Melina
Published: June 2019

Na arte contemporânea, percepções conflitantes da realidade promovem uma reviravolta no papel da razão na construção do real e da verdade. Nesse contexto, é possível considerar outros balizamentos para o estético e o político, desconstruindo a falsa noção de universalidade fundada em binaridades como: racionalidade e irracionalidade, civilizado e primitivo. O pensamento de autores como Isabelle Stenger, David Harvey, António Damásio, Ellen Dissanayake são considerados neste estudo na fundamentação de uma reflexão sobre a arte contemporânea e a crítica sobre o papel da ciência, tendo em perspectiva o contexto da trajetória histórica do imperialismo e da dominação dos países em desenvolvimento pelas grandes corporações. Assumem evidência, nesse cenário, o capitalismo em crise e o modelo evolutivo do evolon, como ferramenta para análise.
Climate Control
Authors: Crary Jonathan
Published: June 2019

In this brief text written on the occasion of the Whitney Independent Study Program's fiftieth anniversar, Jonathan Crary discusses how the many media portrayals of climate change and global warming effectively reabsorb environmental catastrophe into spectacle and affirm the ability of dominant institutions to solve or ameliorate any crisis. Noting the marginalization of Guy Debord's 1971 text A Sick Planet, Crary argues that a unique historical opportunity was lost in the late 1960s and early 1970s when there was a broad failure to align an eco-socialist critique of capitalism with the energies of anti-war and anti-imperialist mass movements.
Robert Morris (1931–2018)
Authors: Weiss Jeffrey
Published: June 2019

This text, a series of reflections on the life and work of Robert Morris, draws from Jeffrey Weiss's long working relationship with the artist, which includes their collaboration on an intensive study project at the Guggenheim Museum. He gives chief consideration to two bodies of work: the Minimalist objects, conceived during the 1960s and refabricated throughout his life; and the Blind Time drawings, produced between 1973 and 2015. Weiss's account is based on a close consideration of material and technical concerns, which motivate speculations about the medium of time. Temporality is expressed in three ways: through strategic replication, which characterized the on-going production of “early” works; through the process of making, which is foregrounded in the drawings; and through the role of memory, a recurring thematic device in the practice overall.
What Do Editors Maximize? Evidence from Four Economics Journals
Authors: Card David , DellaVigna Stefano
Published: June 2019

We study editorial decisions using anonymized submissions matched to citations at four leading economics journals. We develop a benchmark model in which editors maximize the expected quality of accepted papers and citations are unbiased measures of quality. We then generalize the model to allow different quality thresholds, systematic gaps between citations and quality, and a direct impact of publication on citations. We find that referee recommendations are strong predictors of citations and that editors follow these recommendations closely. We document two deviations from the benchmark model. First, papers by highly published authors receive more citations, conditional on the referees' recommendations and publication status. Second, recommendations of highly published referees are equally predictive of future citations, yet editors give their views significantly more weight.
Sulla’s Phthiriasis and the Republican Body Politic
Authors: Walters Brian
Published: June 2019

It has long been suspected that Roman moralizing and the slander of political enemies lay behind the story of Sulla’s horrific death by vermin. This study traces the evocative logic of Sulla’s affliction to a constellation of Roman attitudes about corruption, self-mastery, and the body politic. It also argues that Sulla’s own rhetoric about the health of the state played a formative role in shaping narratives about his gruesome end.
Cognitive Innovation, Cumulative Cultural Evolution, and Enculturation
Authors: Fabry Regina E.
Published: June 2019

Cognitive innovation has shaped and transformed our cognitive capacities throughout history. Until recently, cognitive innovation has not received much attention by empirical and conceptual research in the cognitive sciences. This paper is a first attempt to help close this gap. It will be argued that cognitive innovation is best understood in connection with cumulative cultural evolution and enculturation. Cumulative cultural evolution plays a vital role for the inter-generational transmission of the products of cognitive innovation. Furthermore, there are at least two important functions of enculturation for cognitive innovation. First, enculturation is responsible for the ontogenetic acquisition of cognitive practices governing the interaction with innovative products. Second, successful processes of enculturation provide opportunities for subsequent innovative processes. The trans-generational trajectory of calculation from mathematical symbol systems to the first digital computers will serve as a paradigm example of the delicate interplay of cognitive innovation, cumulative cultural evolution, and enculturation.
The (possible) Cognitive Naturalness of Witchcraft Beliefs: An Exploration of the Existing Literature
Authors: Parren Nora
Published: June 2019

Cross-culturally, misfortune is often attributed to witchcraft despite the high human and social costs of these beliefs. The evolved cognitive features that are often used to explain religion more broadly, in combination with threat perception and coalitional psychology, may help explain why these particular supernatural beliefs are so prevalent. Witches are minimally counter intuitive, agentic, and build upon intuitive understandings of ritual efficacy. Witchcraft beliefs may gain traction in threatening contexts and because they are threatening themselves, while simultaneously activating coalitional reasoning systems that make rejection of the idea costly. This article draws possible connections between these cognitive and environmental features with an eye toward future empirical examination.
Observations on crustacean zooplankton in two connected north Patagonian lakes (Calafquén-Pellaifa, 39°S, Chile)
Authors: De los Ríos Patricio , Farias-Avendaño Jorge , Suazo Maria J.
Published: June 2019

The northern Patagonian lakes (38-41°S), are characterized by their location in catchment basins that have been markedly altered through human intervention. In those basins, the original native, perennial forest has been replaced by towns, villages and agricultural zones. The present study was done in two interconnected north Patagonian lakes (the lakes Calafquén and Pellaifa), where the species composition of the crustacean zooplankton community was compared, using a biodiversity index and size-structure null models. The results denoted the presence of marked differences between both sites, Calafquén lake being inhabited by less species and in general showing lower abundances of individuals in comparison to Pellaifa lake. The results of size-structure null models revealed the absence of interspecific competition for both sites. The obtained results would agree with similar observations for other northern Patagonian lakes in Argentina and Chile.
“I Don’t Love My Baby?!”
Authors: Røseth Idun , Bongaardt Rob
Published: June 2019

Many new mothers question the nature of their motherly love after birth. This affectionate relationship towards the infant is commonly called bonding in everyday speech, clinical practice and research. Bonding may not sufficiently describe the mother’s emotional response to the infant and does not capture the ambivalence and struggle to develop maternal affection of many women. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of disturbed maternal affection through the clinical case of one mother who experienced severe and prolonged disturbances. Two in-depth interviews led to a descriptive phenomenological analysis. The mother developed depressive symptoms from not feeling enough for her child, not the opposite, as is often hypothesized. We describe and discuss crucial constituents of her experience, such as ambivalence, remoteness, boredom, guilt, and the looming repetition of parenting patterns, and a solution resulting from therapy-enhanced reflection on motherhood vis-à-vis early life patterns, sociocultural expectations and existential predicaments.
The Fall of Phaethon in Context: A New Synthesis of Mythological, Archaeological and Geological Evidence
Authors: James Peter , van der Sluijs Marinus Anthony
Published: June 2019

The well-known classical myth of Phaethon must be the earliest recorded cautionary tale about teenage driving: taking control of the chariot of his father, the Sun-god, Phaethon set the world ablaze and endangered the cosmic order, until he was felled by Zeus’ thunderbolt and hurled to the earth. It has long been recognised that the tale must reflect some extraordinary astronomical event, recent attempts associating his fall with meteorite impact craters in southern Germany and Estonia. This geographic focus is too narrow. We examine parallels to the myth from ancient Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and the Levant, most previously unrecognised; the tendency of the Greeks to relocalise borrowed myths in the Aegean region or further westwards; and, above all, the unsolved problem aired long ago by Sir James Frazer regarding how remarkably analogous tales are known from as far afield as North America. A proposed impact crater in Iraq may emerge as a suitable candidate for the source of the myth in the Near East. Using developments in the current understanding of comets, meteor, streams and asteroids on earth-crossing orbits, we offer an explanation for both the similarities and differences between the global parallels to the Phaethon story.
Is the Filioque an Obstacle to a Pneumatologically Robust Christology?
Authors: Kieser Ty
Published: June 2019

This article provides examples of pneumatologically robust Reformed Christologies that are founded upon the doctrine of the filioque, as counter-evidence against the charge that the filioque prohibits the possibility of a ‘Spirit Christology.’ In order to provide this evidence, four Reformed theologians from four centuries (Calvin, Owen, Edwards, and Bavinck) are surveyed, particularly as they articulate the doctrine of the filioque and its significance for the role of the Holy Spirit in their Christologies. The article concludes that, rather than constituting an obstacle to a pneumatologically robust Christology, the filioque can positively contribute to a genuine Spirit Christology.
The Ancient Greek sentence left periphery
Authors: Beschi Fulvio
Published: June 2019

The pattern (Setting – Topic –) Focus. NB: The Verb always follows, which was proposed by H. Dik in order to describe AG’s left periphery, raises some issues. In particular, it presents a number of exceptions, which scholars (Matić and others) have variously attempted to resolve. In the present contribution, based on case studies drawn from Homer, the following pattern for the Homeric left periphery is proposed: (Setting – Topic – Focus). NB: Unmarked elements follow. This is not dramatically different from Dik’s pattern; rather, it is an extension of it.
Analyzing the Dialogic Construction of Identity of Religiously Affiliated Schools in a Multicultural Society
Authors: Hermans Chris A.M.
Published: June 2019

This article develops a tool for the analysis of a dialogic construction of identity for religiously affiliated schools. Religiously affiliated schools can have pupils and teachers with cultural and religious backgrounds other than the religion with which the school is affiliated. With the help of the theoretical framework of Mikhail Bakhtin a theoretical framework is developed that can be used to “read” the construction of meaning in schools that includes the otherness of people. This framework is part of a sociocultural approach to the school organization.
CONCEPTIONS OF SELF AND IDENTITY TOWARD A DIALOGICAL VIEW
Authors: Hermans Hubert J.M.
Published: June 2019

In this contribution a dialogical view of self and identity is proposed. With this purpose in mind, a historical overview of some of the main theoretical developments are discussed: Erikson’s identity theory, James’ theory on the self and its expansion in later cognitive and narrative approaches. Particular attention is devoted to the metaphor of the polyphonic novel as proposed by the literary scholar Bakhtin. Instigated by this metaphor, the concept of the dialogical self is developed in which the notion of ‘voice’ is central. It is argued that the dialogical self allows to study not only verbal but also non-verbal aspects of the self and, moreover, opens the realm of collective voices in society. Finally, it is argued that the dialogical self can be considered as a response to post-modern views of self and society which focus on the problem of emptiness and fragmentation.
RELIGIOUS IDENTITY FORMATION: AN EDUCATIONAL APPROACH
Authors: Vermeer Paul , van der Ven Johannes
Published: June 2019

Starting from the current debate regarding the aim of religious education, the article states this aim in terms of religious identity formation. With the help of Ricoeur’s narrative approach to identity formation, the process of religious identity formation is, first of all, described as a hermeneutic task. Next, the process of religious identity formation is described as an educational task. The authors posit that the formation of a religious identity calls for a specific educational approach: i.e., action learning. Subsequently, the value of this specific educational approach is demonstrated by using it to re-evaluate the effects of a religious education curriculum concerning the problem of theodicy. The analysis shows that the limited effects of this curriculum are due to a predominance of guided learning as opposed to action learning. This finding supports the main thesis of this article, that the formation of a religious identity calls for action learning as an alternative to guided learning.
Protecting the Holy Race and Holy Space: Judith’s Reenactment of the Slaughter of Shechem
Authors: Thiessen Matthew
Published: June 2019

The book of Judith employs the narrative of Genesis 34 in order to depict Judith’s actions as an imitation of the violent slaughter of the Shechemites. Through his skillful retelling of the story in her prayer (Judith 9) and then his repeated allusions to this story throughout the narrative, the author portrays Judith’s trust in God to protect both her body and her nation’s temple from the impurity, profanation, and disgrace of foreign aggression. Her deceitful words and actions are based on her belief that God would strengthen her hand, just as he had previously strengthened the hand of Simeon, to bring down vengeance upon Israel’s adversaries.
Isocrates’s phronesis and the Early Jesuits
Authors: Kainulainen Jaska
Published: June 2019

The following article studies the connections between Isocrates’s idea of phronesis (pragmatic wisdom) and the early-modern Jesuit notions of rhetoric and prudence. The article develops previous research on Cicero’s influence on early Jesuits by emphasizing Isocrates’s importance in the history of rhetoric and civic philosophy. Cicero himself was influenced by Isocrates and, more to the point, Isocrates’s writings were widely read and taught by early-modern Jesuits. The article demonstrates that Isocrates and early Jesuits had much in common with regard to their views on rhetoric and pragmatic wisdom. In so doing, the article contributes to our understanding of the early Jesuits’ views on rhetoric, ethics and civic life. Generally speaking, the article points towards compatibility between civic and Christian values and explores the reception of Isocrates and Greco-Roman ideas in early-modern Europe.
Personality Traits of Church Planters and Other Church Leaders in Europe (II)
Authors: Foppen Annemarie , Paas Stefan , Saane Joke van
Published: June 2019

In search of a renewal of their mission in the secularized West, an increasing number of (Protestant) churches have embarked on the creation of new faith communities with a strong missionary purpose. This entrepreneurial approach of mission raises a number of questions, among which the issue of leadership is paramount. Currently, however, very little reliable empirical research has been done among faith entrepreneurs, or ‘church planters’, in Europe. In this article the personality dimensions of 215 church planters are compared with 307 ‘regular’ church leaders (pastors), based on the so-called ‘Big Five’ personality test. Independent samples t-tests showed that church planters are significantly more extravert, open to new experiences, and conscientious than ‘regular’ pastors, and significantly less neurotic, while scores on agreeableness are more or less similar. These results are discussed with a view to existing literature on church planting and entrepreneurship in the West.
The Effects of Juridification on States Exiting International Institutions
Authors: Kang-Riou Nicolas , Rossati David
Published: June 2019

This article complements the doctrine of termination of membership by arguing that at times international organizations (‘ios’) can still exert considerable normative effects on states that withdraw or express the intent to withdraw from them. We capture this continuing influence, which can collide with the exiting state’s intended goal of regaining control over specific issues, with a theoretical framework based on juridification as a socio-legal concept of systems theory in the international legal context. The aim is to explain the endogenous process of legal growth within the io via bureaucratisation and expert rule, which eventually affects the norms of the wider legal regime where the io operates. With three case studies of io exits, we illustrate the continuation of normative structures promoted directly or indirectly by the io, according to two legal techniques of juridification: third-party interpretation on the one hand, and the extended reach of norms and processes through the work of non-state actors on the other. Overall, widening the theoretical perspective on state exits under systems theory can lead to more complete judgements on the tensions between domestic and supranational systems in the expansion of global normative regimes.
Lexical Gleanings from Bašākard
Authors: Boyajian-Sureniants Vahe , Voskanian Vardan
Published: June 2019

The paper presents some comparative notes on a number of lexical items recorded during a field expedition to Bašākard and its neighbouring areas. The whole related vocabulary in the dialects of the region, denoting kidney, lizard, hedgehog, frog, and date-palm are thoroughly discussed. The history of the study of Baškardī with the relevant literature is also provided.
Islamism in the South Caucasus
Authors: Ter-Abrahamian Hrant
Published: June 2019

The article is dedicated to Islamism and its specific forms of manifestation in the South Caucasus (in Georgia and Azerbaijan Republic in particular). Making no attempt to a full-scale coverage of the subject, the author aims at identifying and displaying the specific targets of a complex study of Islamism, indicating its primary and secondary geographic, social and other points, as well as specifying the basic tendencies for each point thus identified. A special attention is paid to the Internet forums and blogs as more relevant sources for specifying the lines of conflict within diverse trends of Islam and Islamism in the South Caucasus.
Virtue, Well-being, and the Good Life
Authors: R. Raibley Jason
Published: June 2019

Inspired by Aristotle, Paul Bloomfield holds that all genuine reasons for action are explained in terms of one basic goal: to live a Good Life. But living morally—choosing and performing brave, temperate, just, and wise actions—is necessary (though not sufficient) for the Good Life. Using ideas from Kant and Sidgwick, Bloomfield argues that immorality is inherently self-defeating: in disrespecting others, one disrespects oneself. Moreover, immoralists—who believe that immoral action often conduces to self-interest—operate with a self-defeating conception of happiness. Bloomfield succeeds in explaining why moral virtue and personal well-being are not completely opposed to one another. However, his main arguments against immoralism are unconvincing, because they require controversial claims about essential properties and the logic of attitudes taken towards them. Other arguments against immoralism attribute inessential views to immoralists, or else require controversial assumptions about the relation between valuing and believing good.
Idols and Land Grabs, Ancient and Modern: Creation and Ecotheology in Ezekiel 6; 35:1-36:15
Authors: Briggs William
Published: June 2019

In light of the growing importance of creation in contemporary discussions of the theology of the Hebrew Bible as well as modern ecological concerns, this essay examines the connected passages of Ezek 6; 35:1-36:15. These texts portray Yahweh as concerned with issues of order, land and land ownership, and the pollution of the land. Human idolatry and failure to recognize that the land belongs to Yahweh leads to the pollution of the land and the violation of the creational order. Ezekiel 6; 35:1-36:15 are considered in view of the contemporary malpractices of large agricultural corporations, allowing the text of Ezekiel and the modern world to shed light on one another. In contexts both ancient and modern, Ezekiel speaks against notions of unbridled human dominion over creation and asserts that humans are deeply intertwined with the world around them, in line with Terrance Fretheim’s conception of creation theology.
Rereading the Ark Narrative: An Exilic Word of Hope and Warning
Authors: Beach Matthew D.
Published: June 2019

This article explains how 2 Sam 6:1-8 was redacted during the Babylonian exile in order to impart a theological message of hope and warning to the exilic community. This is demonstrated through an exploration of the similarities between 2 Sam 6:1-8 and Exod 32. The primary similarities include: (1) how Uzzah fulfills the same priestly role as Aaron; (2) how David serves as a symbolic “Moses figure” who guides the people and the ark to Jerusalem; and (3) how Yahweh broke out against Uzzah in anger, symbolic of how Yahweh allowed the Babylonian army to overthrow Jerusalem and take the people captive.
Towards an Evolutionary Epistemology of History
Authors: Timmins Adam
Published: June 2019

What has come to be known as the ‘linguistic turn’ in historical theory over the past forty years or so has finished what the two World Wars began in demolishing the confidence that the historical discipline possessed at the turn of the twentieth century. This confidence was most memorably expressed by Lord Acton that one day we would possess ‘ultimate history’. Today most historians are probably more inclined to subscribe to Pieter Geyl’s view that history is ‘an argument without end’. Yet the jettisoning of a teleological goal for historical accounts does not mean that we have to also part with the idea of progress; we just need a new definition of it. In this article I argue that we should adopt an evolutionary epistemology of history which sees progress as something pushed from behind, rather than aiming at an undefined point in the future; but this is not the only advantage an evolutionary epistemology can offer us. I go on to outline two further aspects of evolutionary epistemology which may benefit historical theorists.
May the Reinforcement Be with You: On the Reconstruction of Scientific Episodes
Authors: Martínez-Ordaz María del Rosario , Estrada-González Luis
Published: June 2019

Like theories, reconstructions of episodes in the history of science can possess, or lack, certain virtues such that, when we face two or more different reconstructions of the same episode, we assume that we should choose the most “virtuous one”. However, we will argue that, with dissimilar reconstructions of the same episode, it is not always necessary to separate the “good ones” from the “wrong ones”, and that, as a matter of fact, each reconstruction could provide different but perhaps equally relevant data about the episode, about science in general, and about particular philosophical theses. In order to help us to identify these benefits, we will present a criterion that guides the search for historiographical reinforcement of philosophical theses and we will use it to evaluate three different reconstructions of the same scientific episode.
A Dutchman Views the World – Ankersmit as a Reader
Authors: Kellner Hans
Published: June 2019

Throughout his extensive work, Frank Ankersmit presents a mode of reading that informs his philosophy of history. He has commented in passing that the visuality of his approach is a Dutch trait, and that historical works succeed when they serve as a “belvedere,” offering a panoramic view. His discussions of Erich Auerbach and Hayden White reveal his own reading protocols, which differ from those of the great readers Auerbach and White, however, in that Ankersmit does not read his texts “proximally,” as linguistic artefacts. Instead, he favors a “distal” stance from his texts in order to see the work as a whole, as a pictorial narratio. In this way, the reader-viewer may experience an aesthetic mood like the one Ankersmit feels, for example, when confronted by a Guardi painting. Further, in his discussion of Gibbon and Ovid, he shows that the myth of Narcissus, in which admiration of an image is replaced by a mere echo, reveals a danger of historical representation and the need for a metamorphic picture, blurring the contours. If we consider Ankersmit as a reader with a pictorial sense, whether “Dutch” or not, his position as a philosopher of experience will come into better focus.
Sublime Historical Experience, Real Presence and Photography
Authors: Jay Martin
Published: June 2019

In addition to the testimony of the author’s own “sublime historical experience” during a visit to the Theresienstadt concentration camp, this essay draws on Georges Didi-Huberman’s analysis of four photographs from the Holocaust in his Images in Spite of All to demonstrate the power of Ankersmit’s argument. It speculates on the relationship between such experiences and theological notions of “real presence,” which also seek to collapse the distance between past and present and confound conventional historicist notions of temporal continuity and contextual determination. Against Ankersmit’s claim that sublime historical experiences occur only when a civilizational transformation causes nostalgia for a lost past, it argues that they may also be felt when traumatic events for whose return no one yearns disrupt the intelligibility of historical narratives and meaningful representation.
Porphyry and Black Magic
Authors: Muscolino Giuseppe
Published: June 2019

In the De abstinentia (ii, 41, 5) Porphyry is the first philosopher to give an exact definition of goeteia or black magic saying: “All black magic is accomplished through the opposite sort [i.e. evil] daemons.

This paper will be presented in two parts: in the first part, there is the description about the difference between Magic—the sacred science of the Persian Magi (De abstinentia iv, 16, 1)—, and the black magic (De abstinentia ii, 41, 5); in the second part, using Porphyry’s definition of black magic and other philological data, it’s shown that Porphyry was not merely a philosopher interested in black magic in a theoretical manner, but also a practicing sorcerer.
Discerning Ancient Identity: The Case of Aashyet’s Sarcophagus (JE 47267)
Authors: Liszka Kate
Published: June 2019

Aashyet’s sarcophagus (JE 47267) offers a unique case for understanding how the intersection of a person’s identities, such as ethnicity, gender, age, or religion, is portrayed on a funerary object within the historic and religious circumstances of a specific context. Aashyet’s sarcophagus portrays her as a wealthy, elite priestess, and the head-of-household, while being a Nubian who celebrated her non-Egyptian origins. The sarcophagus’s archaeological context also demonstrates the importance of Priestesses of Hathor within Montuhotep II’s funerary complex at Deir el-Bahri for the legitimation of his kingship before he unified Egypt, late in his reign.
King Artaxerxes’ Aegean Policy
Authors: Beckman Daniel
Published: June 2019

Ernst Badian has argued that it would have been ideologically unacceptable for the great king of Persia to submit to negotiations with Athens and to bind himself by oath to the resulting Peace of Callias. This interpretation, however, is the result of the later Greek conception of the Peace of Callias as an Athenian victory over Persia, and the Peace of Antalcidas as a Persian humiliation of Greece. In this paper, I argue that the Achaemenid kings of Persia inherited notions of kinship, empire, and diplomacy from their Neo-Assyrian predecessors, and therefore saw treaties as an honorable and legitimate tool of empire.
The Politics of Poetics in Early Qajar Iran: Writing Royal-Commissioned Tazkeras at Fath-ʿAli Shāh’s Court
Authors: Abe Naofumi
Published: June 2019

The middle of the eighteenth century reportedly witnessed the emergence of the new literary movement in Persian poetry, called the “bāzgasht-e adabi,” or literary return, which rejected the seventeenth-century mainstream Indian or tāza-guʾi style. This literary movement recently merits increased attention from many scholars who are interested in wider Persianate cultures. This article explores the reception of this movement in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Iran and the role played by the Qajar royal court in it, mainly by the analysis of a specific sub-genre of tazkeras, called “royal-commissioned tazkeras,” which were produced from the reign of the second Qajar monarch Fath-ʿAli Shāh onward. A main focus will be on the reciprocal relationship between the court poets/literati and the shah, which presumably somehow affected our understanding of Persian literature today.
Committed Believers: Determinants of the Organizational Commitment of Dutch Evangelicals
Authors: Vermeer Paul , Scheepers Peer
Published: June 2019

This study tries to find out why certain congregations in the Netherlands have a more committed membership than other congregations and, thus, are less affected by processes of religious disaffiliation. To do this, data gathered among members of six evangelical megachurches together with data from a national probability sample are analyzed to address two questions. First, to what extent are Dutch evangelicals more committed to their religious organization, in terms of money and time spent at church, than members of mainline churches in the Netherlands? And second, which decisive factors determine these instances of organizational commitment of Dutch evangelicals? Results show that evangelicals indeed spend more money on and time at church than mainline Christians. As regards the second question, it turns out that donating money is mainly determined by income, whereas time spent with church groups is mainly determined by the degree of embeddedness in socio-religious networks.
On Having the Same First Person Thought
Authors: Verdejo Víctor M.
Published: June 2019

Theorists of first person thought seem to be faced with a pervasive dilemma: either accept the view that varying reference and sense are bound up together in first person thought, but then reject person-to-person shareability; or else, maintain the shareability of first person thought or belief at the price of giving up the connection between sense and subject-to-subject changing reference. Here, the author will argue that this is, in fact, a spurious dilemma based largely upon a failure to appreciate, if not the existence, at least the crucial importance of the distinction between types, instantiable types and instantiated types of thought or belief. Only the level of the instantiable type is relevant for a proper assessment of the question of whether two different subjects have the same first person thought.
“Treating Allies with Respect: U.S.-rok Alliance and the Second Korean Nuclear Crisis, 2002–2006”
Authors: Lee James Jungbok
Published: June 2019

This article examines the reasons why the level of alliance cohesion between the United States and the Republic of Korea (rok) was suboptimal during the Second North Korean Nuclear Crisis (2002–2006). Existing studies on this phenomenon primarily attribute its causes to factors like the rise of anti-Americanism in the rok and/or the increasing divergence in the two nations’ respective threat perceptions of the North Korea and their resulting policy preferences. However, these explanations are partial at best. The main finding here is that one should understand the frictions in the U.S.-rok alliance in terms of the rok’s status concerns. In particular, the rok, with a sense of entitlement to its solid middle power status, had set out to cooperate closely with the United States in seeking to answer the nuclear problem, based on the spirit of horizontal, equitable alliance relations. However, the United States failed overall to reciprocate, thereby leading the rok to boldly pursue its own set of policies at the expense of eroding alliance cohesion. These events demonstrate that (dis)respect for status concerns in international politics can make a major contribution towards facilitating (or impeding) interstate cooperation.
The Empire that Never Was
Authors: Burnard (review) Trevor , Goodfriend (review) Joyce , Van Zandt (review) Cynthia , Frijhoff (review) Willem , Klooster (response) Wim
Published: June 2019

This book forum focuses on Wim Klooster’s The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World (Cornell University Press, 2016). In his book, Wim Klooster shows how the Dutch built and eventually lost an Atlantic empire that stretched from the homeland in the United Provinces to the Hudson River and from Brazil and the Caribbean to the African Gold Coast. The fleets and armies that fought for the Dutch in the decades-long war against Spain included numerous foreigners, largely drawn from countries in northwestern Europe. Likewise, many settlers of Dutch colonies were born in other parts of Europe or the New World. According to Klooster, the Dutch would not have been able to achieve military victories without the native alliances they carefully cultivated. Indeed, Klooster concludes, the Dutch Atlantic was quintessentially interimperial, multinational, and multiracial. At the same time, it was an empire entirely designed to benefit the United Provinces.

The four reviewers – Trevor Burnard, Joyce Goodfriend, Cynthia Van Zandt, and Willem Frijhoff – all offer praise, some more profusely than others. Their reviews critically question some aspects of Klooster’s narrative, particularly in relation to slavery, the inevitability of the Dutch Atlantic empire’s decline, his assessment of the rule of Johan-Maurits van Nassau-Siegen in Dutch Brazil, the role of violence and of women in Dutch colonization, as well as the relationship between microcosmic and macrocosmic perspectives on the history of Dutch America.
Reconciling Coercion in the Constitution of the American Republican State
Authors: Rodgers Thomas G.
Published: June 2019

In fracturing the imperial bond and rejecting the sovereignty of the King in Parliament, the patriots of 1776, and after 1783 Americans, embarked upon a remarkable conversation concerning the form of the state, the nature of governance, and the character of republican citizenship. Central to this process, but lacking in sustained focus, was the contentious issue of the role of coercion requisite to sustain the revolutionary process and respect the virtuous character of a free people. This article argues that the experience of building a state, with particular focus on the Commonwealth of Virginia, ensured that the framers eventually became reconciled to the paradoxes of coercion in securing the safety of the new nation.
Urbanisation and Changing Kazakh Ethnic Subjectivities in Gansu, China
Authors: Buri Tabea
Published: June 2019

In the late 1990s, the entire population of the Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County in Gansu, China, was resettled to the newly built town of Hongliuwan. About one-third of Aksay’s Kazakh population had already left before the resettlement started, migrating predominantly to Kazakhstan. In order to keep the favourable status of an Autonomous County, the remaining Kazakhs had to be persuaded to stay. This paper argues that by building the new town, the Chinese state has considerably shaped its citizen’s decision-making process regarding migration. The state has offered appealing options regarding financial safety and a modern lifestyle, so that most Kazakhs in Hongliuwan would see no reason to leave anymore. This case presents an example of how the Chinese state impacts the decisions of its citizens by manifesting itself in an urban context.
Booms, Busts and Urban Variation Among ‘Resource-based Cities’ in China’s Northwest
Authors: Woodworth Max D.
Published: June 2019

China’s northwest is commonly portrayed in monolithic terms as poorer and less urbanised than the rest of the country. While this characterisation is partially true, it overlooks considerable variation at the local level and the dramatic socio-spatial changes in recent years that have transformed the region. Resource-based cities are under-examined, yet they constitute an important aspect of regional development. This article details recent dynamics of growth and decline in northwestern resource-based cities. It finds that booms and busts in extraction-oriented cities currently define urban growth in the region and urges greater attention be paid to these cities’ transformations.