bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre Luzes e Sombras: o Rio de Janeiro dos Megaeventos e a militarização da vida na cidade
Authors: De Mattos Rocha Lia , Bazoni da Motta Jonathan Willian
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo analisamos – tendo o Rio de Janeiro sob o “ciclo dos megaeventos” como cenário – a produção da Cidade Olímpica como um “jogo de luz e sombra”. Por um lado, uma parte da cidade esteve sob os holofotes, recebendo atenção da academia, da imprensa, dos atores políticos institucionais etc. – representada pela Cidade Olímpica. Por aqui, observamos os efeitos da transformação do Rio em uma “cidade de negócios” (marketing city) e, assim, analisamos as imbricações entre esse processo e a expansão do que chamamos de “militarização da vida”, especialmente nas favelas “pacificadas”. Por outro lado, uma importante parte da cidade foi colocada à “sombra” nesse processo: a Zona Oeste. Geralmente descrita sob o signo da ausência (de urbanização, de modernidade), nesta parte da cidade moram quatro entre cada dez cariocas. Apesar disso, ela esteve “apagada” de praticamente todas as representações do Rio no contexto olímpico. Utilizando pesquisa de campo realizada em localidades dessa região, bem como a análise de material da imprensa e da bibliografia pertinente, argumentamos que tal apagamento não significa que nada aconteceu na Zona Oeste durante os dez anos que durou o “ciclo dos megaeventos”. Por ali, observou-se, sobretudo, a expansão das milícias, grupos armados majoritariamente compostos por ex-militares. Investigamos, nesse sentido, as variadas formas adotadas pelas milícias na região, bem como os efeitos dessa presença para os moradores. Como conclusão, argumentamos que “luz” e “sombra” se produzem mutuamente no Rio de Janeiro atual, pois representam diferentes regimes territoriais que compõem a cidade. Argumentamos ainda que é fundamental para compreender o “jogo de luz e sombra” a conexão entre megaeventos e militarização, ambos fenômenos mundiais com expressões locais específicas, sendo as milícias uma expressão local da militarização experimentada em escala global.
Apresentação
Authors: De Mattos Rocha Lia
Published: September 2020

Megaeventos esportivos e seus legados para a vida nas cidades e a democracia
Subversão e resistência no GT 23 da ANPED a partir de Michel Foucault
Authors: Ferrari Anderson , Oliveira Danilo Araujo de
Published: September 2020

Os trabalhos apresentados no Grupo de Trabalho (GT) 23 da ANPEd – Gênero, Sexualidade e Educação – nos inspiraram a escrever este artigo que toma como foco as potencialidades do arcabouço foucaultiano, especificamente as discussões presentes no livro “História da Sexualidade I: a vontade de saber”, obra mais referendada nos trabalhos em que Foucault aparece. Qual a importância dessa obra para além dela? Quais os efeitos das análises para colocar sob suspeita nossas formas de pensar, de ser e estar no mundo? Foram essas duas questões problemas que organizaram nossas análises, possibilitando-nos dividir o artigo em três pontos de discussão: a fidelidade infiel a Foucault, Foucault como instaurador de discursividade e os conceitos de subversão e resistência na “História da Sexualidade I”.
A maneira de fazer história de Michel Foucault: Dialogando com A história da sexualidade 1
Authors: Sepulveda José Antonio Miranda , Sepulveda Denize
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo analisa a maneira de fazer história proposta por Michel Foucault, em especial a sua discussão sobre a genealogia como método histórico. Buscamos entender a crítica que o autor faz sobre a história teológica e teleológica, em que alguns historiadores demonstram a necessidade de buscar as origens dos acontecimentos e as descrevem de maneira linear. A nossa preocupação é entender os dispositivos utilizados por Foucault para construir a sua História da sexualidade. Para efeitos deste artigo, nos dedicaremos exclusivamente ao volume 1, cujo subtítulo é: a vontade de saber. Em tal livro, Foucault (1988) defende a tese de que o discurso, produzido na modernidade, sobre sexo, ao invés de reprimi-lo, acabou estimulando que se estabelecesse um valor mercantil para o sexo. Para isso, construímos este texto demonstrando a proposta foucaultiana de história em relação à origem das coisas, tendo como objeto a crítica à história universal. Como conclusão, discutimos a questão do poder tendo como foco a história da sexualidade.
A arte neoliberal de governar e a teoria do capital humano: Perspectivas críticas em educação e trabalho
Authors: Reis Diego Dos Santos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir alguns aspectos da genealogia da governamentalidade neoliberal, tal como realizada por Michel Foucault nos últimos cursos da década de 70, no Collège de France. Trata-se, principalmente, de analisar os desdobramentos dessa genealogia no que concerne à formação do sujeito empreendedor, polivalente, proativo e flexível, concebido por essa arte de governo neoliberal como “empresários de si mesmos”. Objetiva-se, assim, problematizar as implicações e os efeitos da teoria do capital humano no campo da educação e do trabalho, bem como da progressiva governamentalização do Estado e das condutas individuais, regulados pelo mercado.
Os discursos inclusivos e seus efeitos sobre o discente normal: estratégias de governamento
Authors: Corrêa Camila Bottero , Lockmann Kamila
Published: September 2020

O artigo objetivou analisar os discursos da inclusão escolar, materializados em documentos oficiais, e a forma como operam estratégias de governamento sobre os sujeitos ditos normais. A partir dos estudos foucaultianos, especialmente dos conceitos-ferramentas de discurso e governamento, evidenciou-se um triplo movimento composto pela tríade reflexão – simulação – colaboração. No primeiro eixo observa-se que o discente dito normal é alvo de técnicas de reflexão que visam familiarizá-lo com a deficiência. Num segundo momento, ele passa a ser alvo de técnicas de simulação pautadas na lógica da diversidade. Já no terceiro eixo, observa-se a cultura da colaboração como outra forma de sensibilização à diversidade, visando uma convivência produtiva entre o sujeito normal e anormal.
Instituições contemporâneas de educação formal: uma análise da arquitetura escolar
Authors: Carminatti Victória Louise De Paula Santos , Gräff Patrícia
Published: September 2020

O artigo se propõe a analisar a arquitetura de diferentes espaços escolares (Educação Básica e Educação Superior). Metodologicamente, utilizou-se da fotografia como instrumento para a produção de dados, na organização de um estudo qualitativo que teve nos Estudos Foucaultianos seu ancoradouro teórico. Partindo das imagens capturadas de seis instituições escolares, foram identificadas as características principais que compõem a arquitetura em cada nível escolar. Os resultados mostraram que a arquitetura escolar está constituída em um modelo pensado no século XVII, com políticas que se voltam para a segurança, mas também para a vigilância, produzindo, através da hierarquia, da economia do tempo, da organização, da observação e do silêncio, uma sociedade disciplinar.
Michael C. Rea. The Hiddenness of God
Authors: Green Adam
Published: September 2020

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Mark Murphy. God’s Own Ethics: Norms of Divine Agency & the Argument from Evil
Authors: Miller Christian B.
Published: September 2020

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W. Matthews Grant. Free Will and God’s Universal Causality: The Dual Sources Account
Authors: Turner P. Roger
Published: September 2020

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Kent Dunnington. Humility, Pride, and Christian Virtue Theory
Authors: Macdonald Jr. Paul A.
Published: September 2020

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Yoram Hazony and Dru Johnson, eds. The Question of God’s Perfection: Jewish and Christian Essays on the God of the Bible and Talmud
Authors: Rauser Randal
Published: September 2020

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Assessing the Potential Impact of Climate Change on Rice Yield in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti Using the CSM-CERES-Rice Model
Authors: Nicolas Floyid , Migliaccio Kati W. , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Rathinasabapathi Bala R. , Eisenstadt William R.
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Rice yield decreased in the spring-summer and summer-autumn seasons and increased in the winter-spring season.

The average annual rice yield in the Artibonite Valley is expected to decrease.

MarkSim climate data linked with DSSAT provide a means to simulate climate change impacts on crop yield.

Abstract. Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the major crops in the world and one of the most consumed agricultural products in Haiti, with the main production area in the Artibonite Valley. Crop management, poor soil conditions, and weather uncertainty affect rice production in this region. The objective of this study was to determine the potential impact of climate change on rice yield in the Artibonite Valley of Haiti for future periods (near-term: 2010-2039 and mid-century: 2040-2069) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) defined by the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The Crop Estimation Resource and Environment Synthesis (CERES)-Rice model of the Decision Support for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) cropping system model was used to perform the simulations using local soil characteristics, meteorological data, and crop management following model calibration with local experimental data. Temperature (maximum and minimum) was predicted to increase during all three rice-growing seasons (spring-summer, summer-autumn, and winter-spring). Under both RCPs (4.5 and 8.5), the simulation results indicated that the ensemble-mean rice yield decreased during the spring-summer and summer-autumn seasons (by 5.1% to 6.6% and by 5.4% to 8.3%, respectively) and increased during the winter-spring season (by 2.3% to 3.6%). Although yield increased during the winter-spring season, the average annual yield was predicted to decrease by 3.6% to 7.1% and by 4.2% to 9.6% for the near-term and mid-century climate periods, respectively. These findings could assist with the implementation of adaptation strategies to mitigate the projected negative impact of climate change on rice production in Haiti. Keywords: Cropping system model, DSSAT, Food security, Global climate model, Rice production, Systems analysis.
Nanoengineered Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Prevent Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes for Improved Food Safety
Authors: Lee Bog Eum , You Youngsang , Choi Won , Hong Eun-mi , Wall Marisa M. , Jun Soojin
Published: September 2020

Highlights

Nanoporous superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated using electrochemical etching and Teflon coating.

Adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to the nanoengineered stainless steel surfaces was reduced.

Self-cleanable food-contact surfaces prevent bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation.

Abstract. Bacterial attachment on solid surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation is a significant problem in the food industry. Superhydrophobic surfaces have potential to prevent bacterial adhesion by minimizing the contact area between bacterial cells and the surface. In this study, stainless steel-based superhydrophobic surfaces were fabricated by manipulating nanostructures with electrochemical etching and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The formation of nanostructures on stainless steel surfaces was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The stainless steel surfaces etched at 10 V for 5 min and at 10 V for 10 min with PTFE deposition resulted in average water contact angles of 154° ±4° with pore diameters of 50 nm. In addition, adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes was decreased by up to 99% compared to the bare substrate. These findings demonstrate the potential for the development of antibacterial surfaces by combining nanoporous patterns with PTFE films. Keywords: Electrochemical etching, PTFE, Nanoengineered surface, L. monocytogenes, Superhydrophobic.
Balancing care and work roles among women working in the informal sector in South Africa
Authors: Mokomane Zitha
Published: September 2020

Despite the prevalence of the informal sector in many developing countries, the care challenges of workers in this sector remain largely unexplored. This article contributes to closing this research gap by exploring the work–family fit of women working in the informal sector in South Africa using data from a nationally representative survey. The results reveal that like their formal sector counterparts, women working in the informal sector have poor work–family fit and hence require similar support and attention. The article highlights the underlying factors and concludes by underscoring the need for context-specific policies and further research.
Fabrication of sealed sapphire microfluidic devices using femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: Elgohary Ahmed , Block Erica , Squier Jeff , Koneshloo Mohammad , Shaha Rajib K. , Frick Carl , Oakey John , Aryana Saman A.
Published: September 2020

Due to its hardness, strength, and transparency, sapphire is an attractive material for the construction of microfluidic devices intended for high-pressure applications, but its physiochemical properties resist traditional microfabrication and bonding techniques. Here a femtosecond pulsed laser was used to directly machine fluidic channels within sapphire substrates and to form bonds between machined and flat sapphire windows, resulting in the creation of sealed microfluidic devices. Sapphire-sapphire bond strength was determined by destructive mechanical testing, and the integrity of the bond was verified by the capillary filling of the channel with air and ethanol. This combination of optical micromachining and bonding establishes a fully integrated approach to the fabrication of sapphire-based microfluidic systems.
Parametric study of laser-induced damage growth in fused silica optics
with large beams at 351  nm. Part 2: fractal analysis
Authors: Veinhard Matthieu , Bonville Odile , Courchinoux Roger , Parreault Romain , Natoli Jean-Yves , Lamaignère Laurent
Published: September 2020

The impact of laser fluence and pulse duration on both the rate and
probability of growth of laser-induced damage sites has been reported
and analyzed statistically in a companion paper. In this paper, we
report and analyze the volume morphology of damage sites during the
growth process in fused silica optical components, at 351 nm, under
various laser fluence and pulse durations. Fractal analysis has been
used to quantify the bulk damage morphology. A clear link between the
damage morphology and laser pulse duration has been observed. The
results from fractal analysis allows for a better understanding of the
results from the stochastic approach developed in our companion paper.
More specifically, fractal analysis shows how the laser parameters
such as fluence and pulse duration impact the phenomenology and the
dynamics of the growth process.
Detection of single human hairs with a terahertz nonlinear quantum
cascade laser
Authors: Nakanishi Atsushi , Satozono Hiroshi , Fujita Kazuue
Published: September 2020

We report the demonstration of imaging of a single human hair with a
terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz-QCL) source based on intracavity
difference-frequency generation. A single human hair whose diameter
was about 100 µm was detected using the THz-QCL source operating at
240 K, of which the THz beam had a linear polarization. The results
show that the THz image of a human hair clearly depends on the
polarization direction of the THz beam. The THz QCL sources that are
capable of room temperature operation will be useful for detection of
small foreign objects like human hairs.
Design of resonant cavity thin film structures with complex active layers
Authors: Sarangan Andrew
Published: September 2020

A systematic approach to designing resonant cavity distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) structures with complex-index active regions is developed in this paper. The technique is based on the effective reflectance index of multilayer thin films. While the design of DBR structures with real refractive index films is quite straightforward, the use of a complex refractive index in the cavity requires a different approach. In this paper, we show that a complex active region requires an asymmetric reflector geometry along with a separate phase compensator. This technique is illustrated using phase change materials and metals in the resonant cavity.
Design of on-chip mid-IR frequency comb with ultra-low power pump in near-IR
Authors: He Jinze , Li Yang
Published: September 2020

Broadband mid-infrared frequency combs are of particular interest to mid-infrared spectroscopy due to their ruler-like precise discrete comb teeth. However, the state-of-the-art mid-infrared frequency combs are usually limited to low integration level and high pump power as a result of the conventional way of mid-infrared frequency comb generation—-producing a near-infrared frequency comb first and then convert it to mid-infrared regime through a nonlinear process. Here, we theoretically investigate two integrated designs for generating mid-infrared frequency combs with ultra-low power pump based on the lithium-niobate on insulator (LNOI) platform. Utilizing periodically poled lithium-niobate (PPLN) waveguides and microring electro-optic phase modulators, we switch the conventional order of comb generation and nonlinear conversion. This paradigm shift significantly improves the conversion efficiency of mid-infrared frequency comb generation and obviates the need for femtosecond lasers. Our theoretical results predict that a broadband mid-infrared frequency comb around 4.3 µm with nanowatt-power-level comb teeth can be produced from continuous-wave (CW) inputs whose power is lower than 5 mW with an ultra-high conversion efficiency above 1800 %/W. Our designs of mid-infrared frequency comb have high controllability, flexibility and integration level, enabling the miniaturization of mid-infrared spectrometers.
Enhancing third-harmonic generation by mirror-induced electric quadrupole resonance in a metal–dielectric nanostructure
Authors: Yao Jin , Yin Yan , Ye Longfang , Cai Guoxiong , Liu Qing Huo
Published: September 2020

Electric quadrupole resonance (EQR), a commonly available high-order Mie-type resonance in all-dielectric nanoparticles, suffers from weak field enhancement and thus inferior third-harmonic generation (THG). In this work, according to the intrinsic centrosymmetry of current distribution, mirror-induced EQR in a silicon disk is effectively generated by introducing a bottom metal film with the perfect electric conductor (PEC) mirror effect, manifesting preeminent capabilities of tailoring far-field scattering and enhancing near-field intensity. The beneficial THG by mirror-induced EQR is enhanced by more than 50-fold as compared to that of the typical EQR without the PEC mirror effect. Furthermore, the influence of the silicon Kerr effect on THG is investigated under increasing pump intensity, achieving maximal efficiency of

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under pump intensity

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0

=
3

GW

/

cm

2

. This work opens possibilities of exploring new mirror-induced Mie-type resonances in hybrid nanostructures, finding important applications in frequency conversion, spectroscopy, and sensing at the nanoscale.
Ultraviolet C lasing at 263  nm from Ba2LaF7:Yb3+,Tm3+ upconversion nanocrystal microcavities
Authors: Wang Ting , Liu Bitao , Lin Yue , Yang Qihua , Gao Wei , Li Ming Jie , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Xue , Xu Xuhui , Yu Siu Fung
Published: September 2020

It is a daunting challenge to realize ultraviolet C (UVC) lasing (i.e., has a wavelength range from 200 to 275 nm) from upconversion nanocrystals due to their low upconversion efficiency. Here, we fabricate

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upconversion nanocrystals from amorphous borosilicate glass to support emission at

∼

263

n
m

under 980 nm ns laser excitation. The excitation threshold can be further reduced from

∼

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to

∼

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by using a cylindrical microcavity. We also found that the growth of defect-free

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nanocrystals with a high concentration of codoping

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ions inside high optical damage threshold borosilicate glass is the key to achieving room-temperature UVC upconversion lasing under high-intensity excitation.
Giant nonreciprocal transmission in low-biased gyrotropic metasurfaces
Authors: Liu Na , Zhao Jia , Du Liuge , Niu Chuanning , Sun Chonglei , Kong Xiangpeng , Wang Zuojia , Li Xun
Published: September 2020

Strong magneto-optical effect with low external magnetic field is of great importance to achieve high-performance isolators in modern optics. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a significant enhancement of the magneto-optical effect and nonreciprocal chiral transmission in low-biased gyrotropic media. A designer magneto-optical metasurface consists of a gyrotropy-near-zero slab doped with magnetic resonant inclusions. The immersed magnetic dopants enable efficient nonreciprocal light–matter interactions at the subwavelength scale, providing a giant macroscopic nonreciprocity and strong robustness against the bias disturbance. Microwave measurements reveal that the metasurface can act as a chiral isolator for circular polarization, with extremely weak intrinsic gyromagnetic activity. We also demonstrate its capability of signal isolation for circularly polarized antennas. Our findings provide an experimental verification of nonreciprocal photonic doping with low static magnetic fields.
Measurement of absolute timing jitter of SESAM mode-locked lasers with yoctosecond sensitivity
Authors: Casanova Alexis , Courjaud Antoine , Trophème Benoît , Santarelli Giorgio
Published: September 2020

Absolute timing jitter from a mode-locked laser is characterized with a record low noise floor of

122

y
s

/

H
z

(

1.5
×

10

−
14

s

2

/

H
z

). We develop a novel measurement technique using cross-spectrum methods in combination with a dual balanced optical cross-correlator system, with three independent low-noise mode-locked lasers.
Terahertz investigation of bound states in the continuum of metallic metasurfaces
Authors: Zhao Xiaoguang , Chen Chunxu , Kaj Kelson , Hammock Ian , Huang Yuwei , Averitt Richard D. , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

The concept of “bound states in the continuum” (BIC) describes an
idealized physical system exhibiting zero radiative loss composed, for
example, of an infinitely extended array of resonators. In principle,
vanishing of radiative losses enables an infinitely high-quality
factor and corresponding infinite lifetime of the resonance. As such,
BIC inspired metasurfaces and photonic designs aim to achieve superior
performance in various applications including sensing and lasing. We
describe an analytical model based on temporal coupled mode theory to
realize an “accidental” (i.e., parameter-tuned) Friedrich–Wintgen BIC.
Further, we experimentally verify this model with measurements of
quasi-BICs in a metallic terahertz metasurface (MS) and the
corresponding complementary metasurface (CMS) using terahertz time
domain spectroscopy. For the MS and CMS structures, quality factors of

∼

20

are achieved, limited by
non-radiative intrinsic loss in the materials. Our results reveal that
Babinet’s principle qualitatively holds for the MS and CMS quasi-BIC
structures. In addition, ultra-high electric and magnetic field
enhancement MS and CMS structures, respectively, are presented.
Uncovering Russian communication style preferences: Monological sequencing versus dialogical engagement
Authors: Fell Elena
Published: September 2020

When we communicate with others, we usually know when we are expected to contribute to an evolving dialogue, such as during a debate, or when it is suitable to generate predictable responses, for example, at a marriage ceremony. However, in cross-cultural communication situations, communicating
partners may have different assumptions in this respect. In particular, when a western communicator expects a dialogical development, a Russian participant may expect the same communication situation to progress as a sequence of predictable communication acts. This clash of implicit expectations
often results in communication failure, without either party realizing that implementing incompatible approaches to information sharing is the reason for this failure. In this article, I introduce the terms ‘dialogical engagement’ and ‘monological sequencing’ whilst
exploring cross-cultural communication problems between Russia and the West. I use these terms to describe mechanisms that characterize both cultures’ preferred communication patterns and which, when inadvertently deployed, cause collisions between Russian and western communicating partners.
By uncovering these differences, I intend to progress beyond merely acknowledging cross-cultural communication problems between the two worlds. Besides, as in the Russian cultural setting, more communication situations are implicitly expected to develop as monological sequences than similar
situations in the West, understanding this particular distinction may prevent practitioners in numerous fields from making the mistake of expecting cross-cultural communication situations to develop in line with their implicit assumptions.
A letter to the editors: Introducing The Examination and The Letter
Authors: Lyons William
Published: September 2020

Irish-Australian philosopher William Lyons is the author of the short films The Examination and The Letter. These are cinematographic manifestations of the author’s enterprise in communicating philosophical ideas beyond the formal conventions of professional philosophy.
The present entry consists of an endearing and informative letter that Lyons enclosed with the films when he sent them to the editors of Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication upon their request. It is reproduced here verbatim as a preamble to the discussion
about them that follows in this same issue.
On William Lyons’ short films about Wittgenstein (The Examination) and Arendt (The Letter)
Authors: Vásquez Miguel E.
Published: September 2020

Can the history of philosophy transcend the reconstruction of facts and the causal relationships that bind them together? As such, it can also be said to facilitate the analysis of key philosophical problems inherent to the act of communicating the history of philosophy itself. In this
article, such a possibility is explored from the vantage point of William Lyons’ short films The Examination (2015) and The Letter (n.d.). These productions re-create certain episodes in the life of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Hannah Arendt with an eye to institutional and
moral issues of philosophical significance.
Size matters – an analysis of business models and the financial performance of Finnish wood-harvesting companies
Authors: Jylhä Paula , Rikkonen Pasi , Hamunen Katri
Published: September 2020

The size of Finnish wood harvesting enterprises has grown, and entrepreneurs have become responsible for various additional tasks, resulting in networking with other harvesting enterprises of various sizes and suppliers of supporting services, but the profitability of the wood harvesting sector has remained low. In the present study, the financial performance of 83 wood harvesting companies in Eastern and Northern Finland was evaluated, based on public final account data from a five-year period between 2013 and 2017. The factors underlying economic success were identified based on 19 semi-structured entrepreneur interviews. The Business Model Canvas framework was applied in the analyses. In particular, the smallest companies (with an annual turnover of less than 600â000 â¬) struggled with profitability. They showed increasing indebtedness, suffered from poor power in negotiations, had typically short-term contracts, and faced difficulties in retaining skilled operators. Most of the small companies were subcontractors of larger wood-harvesting companies. The better economic success of larger companies was likely based on their capacity to provide wood harvesting services in large volumes and supply versatile services, power in negotiations, and more cost-effective operations. The future development of wood harvesting seems to be polarised: larger enterprises are likely to continue growing, while the size of smaller enterprises has stabilised. Enhancing business management skills and practices is required in enterprises of all size groups.
Programmed immunoadsorption with regeneration of adsoption columns in the treatment of lupus nephritis
Authors: Sokolov A. A. , Manuilov A. S. , Bardakov S. N. , Tishko V. V. , Belskikh A. N. , Strelnikova O. Yu. , Bulgakova T. V.
Published: September 2020

Programmed immunoadsorption (IA) with regeneration of adsoption columns is a promising and safe technique to treat lupus nephritis (LN) in case of ineffective immunosuppressive therapy and its severe adverse reactions. This technique makes it possible to control disease activity, to maintain kidney function, and to ensure a normal quality of life. Due to the reusability of IA columns, it is possible to remove any required amount of IgG and to reduce the cost of an extracorporeal procedure.

The paper describes a clinical case of 3-year prolonged IA in a female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and LN with the insufficient efficacy of drug therapy and related complications. Seventy IA sessions were performed during a follow-up period. Combined treatment with glucocorticoids, cytotoxic drugs, and IA resulted in improved clinical and laboratory parameters, lower SLE activity according to SELENA-SLEDAI scores, and better quality of life according to the SF-36 scale. No adverse reactions were recorded during IA sessions.
Parameters of the internal picture of the disease and quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yaltonsky V. M. , Abrosimov I. N. , Andrushkevich T. D. , Shashurina E. M. , Solovyev S. K. , Aseeva E. A.
Published: September 2020

Objective: to analyze the structural features of the internal picture of the disease (IPD in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its ratio with quality of life (QOL) as an indicator of adaptation to the disease.

Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 51 patients with SLE. Comparison groups included patients differing in the psychological parameter – the perception of the existing disease as a threat to life and health: Group 1 (n=17) regarded their disease as a moderate threat to life and well-being; Group 2 (n=34) considered it as a severe threat.

Results and discussion. Comparative analysis of the cognitive level of IPD revealed statistically significant differences between the patients of Groups 1 and 2 in the following scales: «course of the disease» (p<0.001), «personal control» (p<0.001), «treatment control» (p<0.001), «understandability of the disease» (p<0.001), «emotional response to the disease» (p<0.005), and «overall level of disease threats» (p<0.001). It turned out that Group 1 patients better understood the features of the course and manifestation of the disease, were more confident in the efficiency and importance of the treatment prescribed, as well as in their own capabilities to improve their health status. Group 2 patients were more inclined to try to cope with the existing negative experiences, by avoiding the problem.

Conclusion. IPD can be different in patients with SLE. The perception of illness as a severe threat negatively affects the efficiency of therapy, mental well-being, social activity, and ultimately QOL. The findings can be used to develop programs for psychological support of patients with rheumatic diseases, in particular those with SLE.
Early prescription of biological agents for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: opportunities and prospects. An expert’s opinion
Authors: Abdulganieva D. I. , Bakulev A. L. , Belousova E. A. , Veselov A. V. , Korotaeva T. V. , Lila A. M. , Loginova E. Yu. , Sokolovskiy E. V. , Khobeish M. M. , Shapina M. V. , Shchukina O. B.
Published: September 2020

Psoriasis (Ps), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by a progressive course and frequently lead to disability; therefore, their early diagnosis with the assessment of a clinical phenotype and unfavorable prognostic factors and the timely initiation of therapy are important tasks. The paper provides the experts agreed opinion on the definition of the early stage of Ps, PsA, and IBDs, the goals of therapy and main unfavorable prognostic factors for the course of these diseases and gives the rationale for the early use of biological agents in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Memahami Pembangunan Ekonomi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Berbasis Energi Baru dan Terbarukan
Authors: Amheka Adrianus
Published: September 2020

The economy as an indicator of the development of the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) becomes important to understand its relationship with activity level of the industrial sector in supporting the economic wheel. This study objectives are to determine the current development optimization to project economic improvement in the province of NTT by utilizing the local potential of renewable energy (RE) in order to support the Indonesian National Energy Policy (INEP) through implementation of the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning (LEAP) system for the period 2015 to 2030 with existing industrial sub-sectors in the province with integrated of operating systems and energy systems assessments. The results show that the largest primary energy use is the food and beverage industry, while the largest secondary energy consumption is from the cement industry, due to government efforts to boost large-scale industries. The mix of electric energy sourced from RE showed a drastic increase up to 2030, which amounted to 19.05% compared to other types of energy while achieving the INEP target, namely the utilization of RE as much as possible and minimizing oil use, then optimizing gas use. Thus, the economy of NTT Province is currently still adequate to optimize the use and utilization of long-term RE.
Prevention of and control measures for nosocomial coronavirus disease (COVID-19): 2020 recommendations by authors at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Authors: Li Lan , Liu Siyang , He Yuhong , Wang Jinsong , Ding Wenmao
Published: September 2020

The rapid global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although COVID-19 is a class B infectious disease, the prevention and control measures used for it in China are commonly used for class A infectious diseases. In the process of the spread of the disease, hospitals will be a key point to influence this pandemic. To prevent and control nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2, methods and measures were formulated from the relevant laws and regulations of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, practical experience of the pandemic, and evidence-based medicine in the hospitals fighting this disease. Thus, this report may provide useful recommendations for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in hospitals and clinics.
From placement to diagnostic testing: Improving feedback to learners and other stakeholders in SELF (Système d’Evaluation en Langues à visée Formative)
Authors: Coulange Sylvain , Jouannaud Marie-Pierre , Cervini Cristiana , Masperi Monica
Published: September 2020

Since 2012 an interdisciplinary and culturally heterogeneous team composed of more than 30 people has been engaged in the complex process of conceiving, designing and validating an online placement test with formative orientation called SELF (Système d’Evaluation en Langues à visée Formative), developed and already deployed in six different languages – Italian and English as pilots, followed by French, Mandarin, Japanese and Spanish. Its results are used to form groups and classes of similar ability, or to identify students’ strengths and weaknesses in three macro skills (listening, reading, limited writing). In this report, we describe the steps the multilingual team is currently taking to transform SELF into a diagnostic test that will fulfill its original formative purpose and provide students and other stakeholders with more precise information about their performance. This can be done in two ways, by using the data automatically recorded by the online administration platform more thoroughly and by enriching user feedback with clear and informative graphics. This will enhance the validity of our test, and help close the gap between testing and learning.
The validation of the listening comprehension test tasks in the Certificate of English for Primary Teachers: An extension study
Authors: Pelleriti Margherita
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the validation of the computer-based listening subtest in theCertificate of English for Primary Teachers(CEPT), which is addressed to in-service primary teachers who work in state Italian schools. Since 2004, these teachers, specialists in other subjects, have been asked by the Italian Ministry of Education to teach English to their pupils. Training courses for different CEFR levels and certification have been devised by Italian universities for in-service teachers who are then allowed to teach English in primary schools. This study will briefly illustrate the new requirements set by the European Council in terms of foreign language teaching and learning from an early age. A profile of the foreign language teacher will then be presented and a more detailed analysis of the Italian situation will be provided. The paper then presents the CEPT administered in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, by the Language Centre of the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, with a special focus on the listening subtest. In order to validate the listening test tasks, a mixed methods study was conducted. In particular, the results of the listening subtest administered in June 2015 to 67 candidates and in June 2017 to a new sample of 354 test takers have been statistically analysed and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with a test developer, a teacher trainer and a test taker. In order to shed light on the content relevance and coverage of the CEPT listening subtest under investigation, the judgement expressed by three experienced University English language instructors has been analysed. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data gathered confirm the validity of the CEPT listening subtest. Implications for future research are provided.
Gendered Polarization and Abortion Policymaking in the States
Authors: Matthews Abigail A. , Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Schilling Emily U.
Published: September 2020

Widening, asymmetric polarization is evident in both the U.S. Congress and state legislatures. Recent work unveils a new dimension to this polarization story: newly elected Republican women are driving this polarization. Women are more likely to legislate on women’s issues than men, yet women’s shared interest in representing women doesn’t preclude their identity as partisans. In this article, we explore the effect of today’s political climate on state legislators’ policy representation of women’s issues. We ask what effect does gendered polarization have on women’s issues? To test this, we evaluate bill sponsorship in the states on the quintessential “women’s issue” of abortion. Our research design focuses on bill introductions and uses on an original dataset of pro- and anti-abortion rights bill introductions, which we analyze using an event count model. We find that overall polarization leads to the introduction of fewer restrictive abortion bills, but as polarization between women lawmakers grows, legislators are more likely to introduce anti-abortion rights legislation. Gender polarization has consequences on the types of bills legislators introduce and for how scholars should study polarization.
Assessment of impact mechanical behaviors of rock-like materials heated at 1,000°C
Authors: Liu Shi , Xu Jinyu , Fang Xinyu
Published: September 2020

Rock acts as a natural brittle material and demonstrates reactions to various dynamic disturbances and high temperature. Mechanical property fluctuations under high temperature and dynamic load for rock materials including marble, sandstone and granite are studied in an underground project of Qinling Mountain in China, exposed to 1,000°C treatments and different strain rate impact loadings. Two main research issues are explored: (1) variations of strength and failure modes of the same high-temperature rock type under different strain rate impact loadings. (2) Comparison of strength and failure modes of three high-temperature rock types under same strain rate impact loadings. Experimental results indicate that both 1,000°C temperature and the strain rate exert significant influence on dynamic compressive strength, and dynamic compressive increase factor and failure modes of three rock types. However, the influences of high temperature and strain rate on different rock types have obvious differences.
A downscaling cold model for solid flow behaviour in a top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace
Authors: An Zhenlong , Wang Jingbin , Liu Yanjun , Liu Yingli , She Xuefeng , Wang Jingsong , Xue Qingguo
Published: September 2020

The top gas recycling-oxygen blast furnace (TGR-OBF) is a reasonable method used to reduce both coke rate and energy consumption in the steel industry. An important feature of this process is shaft gas injection. This article presents an experimental study on the gas–solid flow characteristics in a TGR-OBF using a two-dimensional cold model. The experimental conditions and parameters were determined using a series of similarity criteria. The results showed that the whole flow area in the TGR-OBF can be divided into four distinct flow zones, namely, the stagnant zone, the plug flow zone in the upper part of the shaft, the converging flow zone and the quasi-stagnant flow zone, which is similar to that in a traditional blast furnace. Then the effects of batch weight and the ratio (X) of the shaft injected gas flow rate to the total gas flow rate on solid flow behaviour were investigated in detail. With the increase in batch weight, the shape of the stagnant zone tends to be shorter and thicker. Furthermore, with the increase in X value from 0 to 1, the stagnant zone gradually becomes thinner and higher. The results obtained from the experiments provide fundamental data and a validation for the discrete element method–computational fluid dynamics-coupled mathematical model for TGR-OBFs for future studies.
Marketing and legal status of phytomedicines and food supplements in Morocco
Authors: Es-Safi Imane , Mechchate Hamza , Amaghnouje Amal , El Moussaoui Abdelfattah , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Avella Maurizio , Grafov Andriy , Bousta Dalila
Published: September 2020

Objectives

The Phytomedicine (PM) and Food supplements (FS) Market is considerably growing in Morocco a review of state is necessarily to structure and improve it.

Methods

Information was collected directly from the pharmacist through a questionnaire-based survey who was conducted in 284 pharmacies in the region of Fez-Meknes in Morocco. Data were analyzed and classified using relative frequency of citations (RFC).

Results

More than 98% of the pharmacies commercialized the PM and FS, 80% of the pharmacists deny the existence of a real area dedicated to them, the majority (94%) of them prefer phytomedicine rather than classic drugs. This study reported about 64 products as the most used by the population of the region of Fez-Meknes among them 48 FS (75%) and 16 PM (25%) and the most marketed products are used for Transit Disorders (28.34%), then Anxiety (22.17%) and ENT Disease (20.18%).

Conclusions

Despite the fact that Morocco is a country where people use medicinal plants daily, the commercialization of the PM and FS is still unstructured. Due to legal problem the PM Sold in the market are mainly exported. To assure development and also valorization of this sector the regulation of this market is highly required.
Spatial optical transceiver system–based key solution for high data rates in measured index multimode optical fibers for indoor applications
Authors: Eid Mahmoud M. A. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Hosen Md. Sazib , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar
Published: September 2020

This study has simulated the spatial optical transceiver system based on measured index multimode optical plastic fibers channel with 1 Tb/s in 1.5 km distance. These plastic optical fibers are simply step index polycarbonate, step index polystyrene, step index polymethylmethacrylate, graded index polymethylmethacrylate and graded index cyclic transparent optical fiber (GI-CYTOP). Maximum Q-factor, optical signal power at optical fiber channel, receiver sensitivity, and coupling coefficient for sample of modes are measured based on GI-CYTOP fiber for the comparison between the previous model and the proposed model. This study clarified the enhancement of both maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity even though at high signal losses. The optimized Q-factor and receiver sensitivity are obtained for various plastic optical fiber channels. Power intensity level of dominant mode–based GI-CYTOP fiber channel is measured. The proposed model has presented better performance based on GI-CYTOP fiber channel in maximum Q-factor, which is within the percentage ratio ranging from 45.65 to 53.26%, optical signal power is within the percentage ratio ranging from 32.87 to 44.77%, and receiver sensitivity is within the percentage ratio ranging from 6.3 to 12.26% than the previous model at transmission distance ranges from 500 to 1500 m and bit rate of 2.5 Gb/s. GI-CYTOP fiber clarified better performance in maximum Q-factor and receiver sensitivity response better than other plastic optical fibers channels.
Islamic Finance as a Vehicle to Promote Improved Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Naim Nadia
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this article is to assess how Islamic finance can act as a vehicle to enhance the current intellectual property rights regime in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Islamic finance has developed within the constraints of sharia law and has been a growth sector for the GCC. This article will identify the main principles of Islamic finance that contribute to the success of Islamic finance, which can enhance intellectual property protection in the GCC. The main sharia-compliant areas to be considered are musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha, takaful, istisna, ijara, salam and sukuk. The article will outline the founding principles of Islamic finance, the governance of sharia boards, development of Islamic finance in the individual GCC states, different frameworks of sharia-compliant investment products and the impact of intellectual property rights on the varying Islamic finance investment tools. Furthermore, the article will discuss an integrated approach to intellectual property rights which learns lessons from the Islamic finance sector in relation to infrastructure, regulation and sharia compliance. The lessons learnt from Islamic finance will inform the overall framework of recommendations for an Islamic intellectual property model. The use of Islamic finance as a vehicle to promote better intellectual property rights in terms of defining a new intellectual property approach is novel. It is aimed at spearheading further research in this area, and it will form a part of the overall integrated approach proposals to intellectual property protection in the GCC and beyond.