bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Komunikasi Berbasis Wireless (Voip) Menggunakan Raspberry Pi Pada Daerah Tak Terjangkau Sumber Daya Listrik
Authors: Subandi Subandi
Published: September 2018

Akses teknologi telekomunikasi menjadi salah satu kebutuhan penting bagi manusia untuk bisa bersosialisasi dengan keluarga, teman dekat, ataupun relasi bisnis. Pulau Sambar Gelap salah satu daerah wisata yang potensial namun belum terjangkau akses teknologi komunikasi karena terbatasnya pasokan listrik... Saat ini berkembang teknologi telekomunikasi yang mengarah pada teknologi berbasis internet, yaitu jaringan komunikasi VoIP Server Portable menggunakan Raspberry Pi. Teknologi komunikasi ini memanfaatkan infrastruktur internet layaknya menggunakan telepon yang secara umum dan lebih murah sedangkan pasokan listrik yang digunakan adalah baterai accu. Implementasi dalam prosedur operasi pada jaringan VoIP sistem telah dilakukan sesuai langkah-langkah pengujian sistem dan dilakukan beberapa pengujian sehingga sistem dapat berjalan dengan normal. Beberapa setting dapat dilakukan mulai dari low, medium, high dan hasil suaranya berdasarkan setting tersebut
Unsettling Reconciliation: Decolonial Methods for Transforming Social-Ecological Systems
Authors: Murdock Esme G.
Published: September 2018

‘Political reconciliation’ refers to processes for establishing right relations between groups that are emerging from a history coloured by violent relations. However, dominant Western, euro-descendent philosophies of political reconciliation rarely focus on ecological forms of harm or consider practices of ecological violence as constitutive of the violent relations that reconciliation hopes to repair. This article argues that the exclusion of ecological dimensions of harm from dominant Western models of political reconciliation is one way of understanding Indigenous claims of dissatisfaction with such reconciliation projects. This article analyses and contextualises these claims of dissatisfaction by focusing on how dominant Western, euro-descendent models of reconciliation in the North American context import settler-colonial commitments that obscure the primacy of ecological violence in settler–Indigenous land-based conflicts. Furthermore, this article posits that settler-colonial commitments in reconciliation models pose an obstacle to deeper forms of reconciliation, partly because these models uphold dominant euro-descendent cosmologies and conceptions of land over and above Indigenous ones. Finally, this article suggests that that the possibility of deep reconciliation exists, and requires engaging with Indigenous philosophies that place land and relations to land at the centre of right relations, thus working toward decolonising settler-colonial-infused forms of reconciliation.
An invitro study on the regulation of oxidative protective genes in human gingival and intestinal epithelial cells after treatment with salmon protein hydrolysate peptides
Authors: Framroze Bomi , Havaldar Freddy , Misal Shashi
Published: September 2018

Background: Under physiological conditions, molecular oxygen generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) as metabolic by-products. In the absence of an adequate defense mechanism, the accumulation of ROS leads to cell membrane and DNA damage, in addition to tissue degeneration. The up/down regulation of one or more oxidative stress-related genes is one mechanism which confers cytoprotection to tissues exposed to oxidative injury.Methods: We measured up/down regulation of 84 oxidative protective genes in primary human gingival epithelial pooled cells and human intestinal epithelial cells after pretreatment with 25, 50, and 100 μM/ml of salmon protein hydrolysate solution. A human RT2 Profiler PCR array was used to evaluate the relative change in the expression of these common oxidative protective genes. The salmon protein hydrolysate contains a mixture of bioactive peptides, resulting from enzyme hydrolysis of salmon head and backbones.Results: Treatment with salmon protein hydrolysate peptides demonstrated up-regulation for 16 human oxidative protective genes and down-regulation for 9 human oxidative stress-related genes. Three genes (ferritin heavy polypeptide-1 (FTH1), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), and arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12)) showed regulation changes at physiologically applicable levels.Conclusions The improved oxidation protection observed after SPH treatment conferred by HMOX1 / ALOX12 regulation to HGEPp and HIEC-6 cells may find ultimate utility for these bioactive peptides in the modulation of gastrointestinal stress in irritable bowel syndrome and enterocolitis.
The relationship of cervical microbiota diversity with race and disparities in preterm birth
Authors: Wheeler Sarahn , Pryor Katherine , Antczak Brian , Truong Tracy , Murtha Amy , Seed Patrick
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE:

Pregnant non-Hispanic blacks (NHB) have increased vaginal microbiome diversity compared to non-Hispanic whites (NHW) which may contribute to increased preterm birth. Cervical microbiome diversity is poorly characterized in pregnancy, therefore our objective was to correlate cervical microbiota diversity with cervico-vaginal inflammation by race and delivery timing.

STUDY DESIGN:

Pregnant women were recruited in the first and second trimesters. A sterile cervical swab and saline lavage were collected at a single time point. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, Chao1 and Shannon Diversity (SDI) indicies were measured and compared by race and delivery timing (preterm vs. term delivery). Cervico-vaginal inflammatory markers were also compared by race and delivery timing. Spearman correlation coefficients between cervical microbiome diversity and cervico-vaginal inflammatory markers were calculated.

RESULTS:

Of the 51 subjects, 39 (76%) were NHB and 12 (24%) were NHW. Cervical microbiota SDI was significantly higher in NHB compared to NHW (0.5 vs. 0.1; p = 0.03). However, there were no difference in Chao1 diversity or cervico-vaginal inflammatory markers by race or delivery timing.

CONCLUSION:

Our findings suggest the cervical microbiota diversity during pregnancy differs by race. Larger cohort studies will further determine if altered cervical diversity is part of the pathogenesis of PTB and explains race disparities.
Manuscript Culture as Ritual Culture in Late Medieval Dunhuang: Buddhist Talisman-Seals and their Manuals
Authors: Copp Paul
Published: September 2018

Cet essai propose une étude de quatre versions d'un manuel de rites ayant trait à la confection et à l'utilisation de talismans et de sceaux (fuyin) lesquels ont été conservés parmi des manuscrits de Dunhuang, sur les trois parchemins et le codex intitulés respectivement Pelliot Chinois 2153, 2602, 3874, and 3835. L'auteur explore la place de ces ouvrages dans les pratiques rituelles et textuelles qui sembleraient les avoir engendrés. En termes de pratiques rituelles, l'étude décrit le culte à Ruyilun, la

principale divinité tutélaire des sceaux, à la fin du moyen âge chinois et esquisse les grandes lignes du phénomène des sceaux rituels et des pratiques dans lesquels ils figuraient. Pour ce qui concerne les quatre versions, l'étude constate d'importantes divergences textuelles et de présentation, reflet d'une pratique très variable des copistes. Cette diversité se retrouve au niveau des sceaux tels qu'ils sont décrits et dessinés sur la page. Les variantes distinctives d'une version manuscrite à l'autre du texte — phénomène courant en codicologie — sont explorées ici comme l'expression des pratiques rituelles et des répertoires particuliers. L'article suggère enfin que ces manuscrits offrent le témoignage d'une culture religieuse dans laquelle le manuscrit et les pratiques rituelles étaient profondément liées.
The Keck Cosmic Web Imager Integral Field Spectrograph
Authors: Morrissey Patrick , Matuszewski Matuesz , Martin D. Christopher , Neill James D. , Epps Harland , Fucik Jason , Weber Bob , Darvish Behnam , Adkins Sean , Allen Steve , Bartos Randy , Belicki Justin , Cabak Jerry , Callahan Shawn , Cowley Dave , Crabill Marty , Deich Willian , Delecroix Alex , Doppman Greg , Hilyard David , James Ean , Kaye Steve , Kokorowski Michael , Kwok Shui , Lanclos Kyle , Milner Steve , Moore Anna , O’Sullivan Donal , Parihar Prachi , Park Sam , Phillips Andrew , Rizzi Luca , Rockosi Constance , Rodriguez Hector , Salaun Yves , Seaman Kirk , Sheikh David , Weiss Jason , Zarzaca Ray
Published: September 2018

We report on the design and performance of the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), a general purpose optical integral field spectrograph that has been installed at the Nasmyth port of the 10 m Keck II telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. The novel design provides blue-optimized seeing-limited imaging from 350–560 nm with configurable spectral resolution from 1000–20,000 in a field of view up to 20″ × 33″. Selectable volume phase holographic (VPH) gratings and high-performance dielectric, multilayer silver, and enhanced-aluminum coatings provide end-to-end peak efficiency in excess of 45% while accommodating the future addition of a red channel that will extend wavelength coverage to 1 micron. KCWI takes full advantage of the excellent seeing and dark sky above Maunakea with an available nod-and-shuffle observing mode. The instrument is optimized for observations of faint, diffuse objects such as the intergalactic medium or cosmic web. In this paper, a detailed description of the instrument design is provided with measured performance results from the laboratory test program and 10 nights of on-sky commissioning during the spring of 2017. The KCWI team is lead by Caltech and JPL (project management, design, and implementation) in partnership with the University of California at Santa Cruz (camera optical and mechanical design) and the W. M. Keck Observatory (observatory interfaces).
Nomenclatural review of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago)
Authors: Montero Muñoz Iris , Cardiel José María , Levin Geoffrey A.
Published: September 2018

This work presents a critical nomenclatural review of the Acalypha species of the Western Indian Ocean Region (Madagascar, the Comoros Archipelago, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles Archipelago). This is the first treatment of Acalypha of Madagascar since Leandri’s monograph in 1942. A total of 151 scientific names related to Acalypha from this region are treated. We recognise 35 species (28 native and seven introduced), treat 93 names as synonyms (28 of them for the first time) and identify three as doubtful or excluded names. We designate lectotypes for 41 names, make two new combinations and propose one new name.
Plaidoyer pour une politique de santé mentale périnatale : vers une politique de progrès sur un enjeu majeur de santé publique ?
Authors: Dugnat Michel , Ginoux-Froment Frédérique , Guivarch Jokthan , Le Treut Laure , Lumbroso Ève , Poinso François
Published: September 2018

La santé mentale et la psychiatrie périnatales commencent enfin à être reconnues comme devant être la priorité des priorités en matière de psychiatrie en général et de pédopsychiatrie en particulier. Dans une période où la psychiatrie est la variable d’ajustement de la médecine, de la chirurgie et de l’obstétrique, où la pédopsychiatrie devient la variable d’ajustement de la psychiatrie de l’adulte, il y a fort à faire pour cela. Mais les enseignements de l’expérience britannique peuvent être transférés partiellement en France. Cet article pose les bases de l’action pour la création de l’Alliance française pour la santé mentale périnatale ( afsmp ) qui prendra part à l’Alliance internationale pour la santé mentale périnatale.
Une approche philosophique de la vulnérabilité. À l’écoute d’une « toute petite fille »
Authors: Portets Noëlle , Dupeyron Jean-François
Published: September 2018

Une approche féministe nous amènera à questionner le concept de vulnérabilité dans son lien à celui d’autonomie et d’autosuffisance, en le situant dans son contexte social, économique et politique contemporain. De la lecture de plusieurs auteurs sur cette thématique, nous ferons émerger notre hypothèse : elle sera de considérer que la vie tient d’une tension constante entre puissance d’agir et vulnérabilité, exposition à la blessure et normativité. Afin d’expliciter cette approche, nous suivrons un bout d’histoire : celle d’une « toute petite fille » ( La Pivellina ), de Patti, qui va accueillir cette enfant en situation de vulnérabilité, et de son entourage. Dans cette situation se trouvent mis en pratique un accueil, une éthique du care , à l’écoute d’une enfant, dans un moment donné de son histoire. Puis nous conclurons par les propos du philosophe Jean-François Dupeyron s’attachant à penser les liens entre enfant « tendre » et vulnérabilisation.
Soutenir le développement du nouveau-né prématuré : l’exemple du programme nidcap ® , une nouvelle philosophie de soins centrée sur l’enfant et sa famille
Authors: Lescure Sandra
Published: September 2018

Jusque dans les années 2000, les progrès ont été manifestes dans la prise en charge des nouveau-nés prématurés. Cependant, le suivi de ces enfants nous a permis de mettre en évidence des difficultés développementales neuromotrices, neurosensorielles mais également cognitives et comportementales. La recherche des facteurs de risque de ces difficultés de développement a permis de comprendre l’impact de l’environnement sensoriel mais aussi psychoaffectif sur le cerveau immature du nouveau-né prématuré. Les soins de développement sont une nouvelle philosophie de soins intégrant l’environnement au sens large dans la prise en charge des nouveau-nés prématurés. Ils comprennent des stratégies environnementales mais également comportementales. Le nidcap ® (Programme néonatal individualisé d’évaluation et de soins de développement) est un programme de soins de développement complet, validé scientifiquement, qui permet par une approche individualisée de diminuer le stress des nouveau-nés prématurés et de mieux soutenir leur développement. En réintégrant la famille dans les unités de soins, le nidcap ® redonne aux parents leur rôle auprès de leur bébé hospitalisé.
Mineurs non accompagnés, le sens de la minorité
Authors: Devlin Cloé
Published: September 2018

En France, les mineurs non accompagnés doivent multiplier les preuves de minorité pour être pris en charge à l’Aide sociale à l’enfance. Or, le concept de minorité a été construit autour de représentations de l’enfance en perpétuelle évolution. Face à celles-ci, les mineurs non accompagnés arrivent avec leurs propres points de vue autour de la signification de l’enfance et de l’âge adulte, tirés de leur culture d’origine et de leur parcours migratoire. Confrontés aux ambivalences du système de protection français, ils sont amenés à se repositionner sur l’échelle enfant-adulte et à donner un nouveau sens à leur minorité.
La savate : « À nos corps défendants »
Authors: Saint-Martin Céline , Baubil Alexis , Gazeau Nicolas
Published: September 2018

Pour pouvoir rencontrer les adolescents accueillis au sein d’un itep , un professeur de sport, un moniteur de boxe et une psychologue ont allié leurs compétences et créé un atelier à visée thérapeutique avec la boxe française pour médiation. Au vu des troubles que présentent ces adolescents, un cadre rigoureux a été pensé autour des espaces et de la temporalité notamment. Le sport et le corps sont envisagés comme support du soin psychique et de la pensée. Le bilan de cette expérience novatrice est globalement encourageant et laisse entrevoir que le langage du corps peut permettre la rencontre, mais aussi l’expression des émotions.
Discernement moral et discernement spirituel à l’époque moderne
Authors: Fino Catherine
Published: September 2018

L’article présente la complémentarité du discernement moral et du discernement spirituel à l’époque moderne. François de Sales régule le désir en le réorientant vers Dieu et en le soumettant au jugement de la raison, ce qui suppose une spirale vertueuse de la formation du désir bon et de la raison droite. Pour affronter la fragilité des sujets et la complexité de l’objet du discernement, Alphonse de Liguori met en priorité les conditions subjectives de l’accueil de la grâce, et limite les prérogatives de la loi en faveur de la conscience, qui seule peut évaluer autant la justice du précepte que les conséquences de l’acte. La charité pratique contribue enfin à la validation des nouvelles normes, en fonction des critères objectifs issus de la tradition pratique élaborée au fil de l’histoire.
La maxime d’Hevenesi : une formule paradoxale de l’agir chrétien
Authors: Valadier Paul
Published: September 2018

Dans le débat sur l’articulation entre morale et spiritualité, la maxime du jésuite Hevenesi occupe une place privilégiée. Caractéristique de la spiritualité et de la théologie ignatiennes, elle indique une manière de penser le lien entre liberté humaine et liberté divine qui récuse les dualismes courants en ce domaine entre grâce et liberté, entre action de Dieu et volonté humaine. Cette posture théologique permet de fonder un discernement et une décision morale sur « l’admirable échange » qui en christianisme préside à la relation entre Dieu et l’homme. Ce texte est un extrait du commentaire fait par le Père Paul Valadier dans son livre La condition chrétienne. Du monde sans en être , Éd. du Seuil, Paris, 2003.
Comparative study of the influence of three types of fibre in the shrinkage of recycled mortar
Authors: Saiz-Martínez P. , Ferrández-Vega D. , Morón-Fernández C. , Payán de Tejada-Alonso A.
Published: September 2018

Construction and demolition waste can be used as a substitution of natural aggregate in mortar and concrete elaboration. A poorer quality of recycled aggregates generally has negative impact on mortar properties. Shrinkage is one of the properties that experiences worse outcome due to the higher absorption of recycled aggregates. This research evaluates the potential shrinkage of mortars elaborated with recycled concrete aggregates both with and without fibres addition, as well as the relation between moisture loss and shrinkage caused by mortar drying process using a capacitive sensor of the authors’ own design. Two different mortar dosages 1:3 and 1:4 and three fiber types: polypropylene fiber, fiberglass and steel fiber, in different proportions were used. Obtained results show that the use of polypropylene fiber improves the recycled mortars performance against shrinkage in 0.2%. Moreover, a clear relation between dry shrinkage and moisture loss was observed.
 Cuidados de enfermagem no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática / Nursing care during the post-operatory of patients submitted to orthognathic surgery
Authors: Silva Flávia Lopes , Oliveira Iácara Santos Barbosa , Alves Andréa Cristina , Rosa Walisete De Almeida Godinho , Lenza Nariman De Felicio Bortucan
Published: September 2018

Pessoas com deformidade dentofacial podem necessitar de correção através de cirurgia ortognática para melhora estética, funcional e anatômica da face. O objetivo foi identificar os cuidados da equipe de enfermagem no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. A metodologia usada foi de estudo descritivo, exploratório de natureza qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo de Bardin, realizada em um hospital público, através de entrevista semiestruturada com 23 membros da equipe de enfermagem. Nos resultados, as entrevistas foram transcritas, analisadas e agrupados em categorias: cuidados prestados no pós-operatório de cirurgia ortognática; dificuldades nos cuidados do pós-operatório; orientações oferecidas no pós-operatório imediato e cuidados após alta hospitalar. Conclui-se que os cuidados de enfermagem ofertados aos pacientes de pós-operatório de cirurgia ortognática vêm sendo realizados de forma precária, restrita e condicionados às orientações médicas, mas nota-se preocupação da equipe em oferecer cuidados corretos e com qualidade, pois entendem que os mesmos auxiliam em uma boa recuperação do paciente.
A â€œlong-standingâ€ malpositioned pacing lead. Long-term follow-up after extraction
Authors: Sarubbi Berardo , Scognamiglio Giancarlo , Fusco Flavia , Melillo Enrico , D'Alto Michele , Russo Maria Giovanna
Published: September 2018

Transvenous pacemaker (PM) catheters can be unintentionally placed in the left ventricle (LV) during the implantation procedure. An 8-year-old girl was discovered with a malpositioned pm wire, seven years after the implant. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram revealed the lead traversing the inter-atrial septum, crossing the mitral valve and embedded in the basal lateral wall of the LV. This is a report of a 14-year long follow-up after the surgical extraction of the malpositioned PM lead.
Outcome of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Long-Term Outcomes of 118 Patients; A Single-center Experience
Authors: Shaker Mohamed , Sakr Mohammad , Dabbous Hany , Abdelhakam Sara M. , Samir Ahmed , Ebada Hend , Farid Amir M. , El-Gharib Mohamed , Eldorry Ahmed
Published: September 2018

Context: Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions ranging from acute liver failure to completely asymptomatic patient. Patients with BCS nonresponsive to medical treatment or who are not candidates for angioplasty/stenting are routinely treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) to improve portal venous outflow. Aims: This retrospective study aims at determining the short and long-term outcomes of TIPS in BCS patients. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study included 118 patients with primary BCS who underwent TIPS from 2005 to 2011. They were classified according to Child-Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), Rotterdam and BCS-TIPS scores. Short-term outcome of TIPS (<1 year) was determined and included immediate postprocedure complications, effect on clinical status, liver profile, and stent patency. Long-term outcome (1–5 years) was determined and included stent patency rate, time, and pattern of management of stent occlusion and survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS statistical package version 16. Paired t-test was used to compare pre and post-TIPS MELD and Child-Pugh scores. Chi-square test and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were used to examine the association between short- and long-term occlusion, liver function and survival outcomes. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: By the 1st year, there was a significant decline in the percentage of patients having ascites and abdominal pain, increase in mean serum albumin from 3.42–4.02 g/dl and reduction in bilirubin levels from 2.57–1.35 mg/dl (P < 0.001). The rate of stent occlusion by the 1st year was 27.4%. During long-term follow-up, there was a marked improvement in clinical status, liver profile, Child–Pugh, and MELD scores (P < 0.001). The 1- and 5-year shunt patency rates were 72.6% and 78.7%, respectively. The main management of post-TIPS occlusion was angioplasty without stenting. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 95.8%, 93.2%, and 91.5%, respectively. There was a significant relation between survival and post-TIPS MELD score (P = 0.009). Conclusions: TIPS is an effective treatment modality for BCS and has a long-term survival benefit with satisfactory shunt patency and patient survival.
On the spectral depolarisation and lidar ratio of mineral dust provided in the AERONET version 3 inversion product
Authors: Shin Sung-Kyun , Tesche Matthias , Kim Kwanchul , Kezoudi Maria , Tatarov Boyan , Müller Detlef , Noh Youngmin
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Knowledge of the particle lidar ratio (Sλ) and the particle linear
depolarisation ratio (δλ) for different aerosol types allows
for aerosol typing and aerosol-type separation in lidar measurements.
Reference values generally originate from dedicated lidar observations but
might also be obtained from the inversion of AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun/sky radiometer
measurements. This study investigates the consistency of spectral Sλ
and δλ provided in the recently released AERONET version 3
inversion product for observations of undiluted mineral dust in the vicinity
of the following major deserts: Gobi, Sahara, Arabian, Great Basin, and Great Victoria. Pure dust conditions are identified by an Ångström exponent
<0.4 and a fine-mode fraction <0.1. The values of spectral Sλ are found to vary for the different source
regions but generally show an increase with decreasing wavelength. The
feature correlates to AERONET, retrieving an increase in the imaginary part of
the refractive index with decreasing wavelength. The smallest values of
Sλ=35–45 sr are found for mineral dust from the Great Basin
desert,
while the highest values of 50–70 sr have been inferred from AERONET
observations of Saharan dust. Values of Sλ at 675, 870, and 1020 nm
seem to be in reasonable agreement with available lidar observations, while
those at 440 nm are up to 10 sr higher than the lidar reference. The
spectrum of δλ shows a maximum of 0.26–0.31 at 1020 nm and
decreasing values as wavelength decreases. AERONET-derived δλ
values at 870 and 1020 nm are in line with the lidar reference, while values of
0.19–0.24 at 440 nm are smaller than the independent lidar observations by
a difference of 0.03 to 0.08. This general behaviour is consistent with
earlier studies based on AERONET version 2 products.
Exploring the first aerosol indirect effect over Southeast Asia using a 10-year collocated MODIS, CALIOP, and model dataset
Authors: Ross Alexa D. , Holz Robert E. , Quinn Gregory , Reid Jeffrey S. , Xian Peng , Turk F. Joseph , Posselt Derek J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Satellite observations and model simulations cannot, by themselves, give full insight into the complex relationships between aerosols and clouds. This is especially true over Southeast Asia, an area that is particularly sensitive to changes in precipitation yet poses some of the world's largest observability and predictability challenges. We present a new collocated dataset, the Curtain Cloud-Aerosol Regional A-Train dataset, or CCARA. CCARA includes collocated satellite observations from Aqua's Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) with the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS). The CCARA dataset is designed with the capability to investigate aerosol–cloud relationships in regions with limited aerosol retrievals due to high cloud amounts by leveraging the NAAPS model reanalysis of aerosol concentration in these regions. This combined aerosol and cloud dataset provides coincident and vertically resolved cloud and aerosol observations for 2006–2016. Using the model reanalysis aerosol fields from the NAAPS and coincident cloud liquid effective radius retrievals from MODIS (cirrus contamination using CALIOP), we investigate the first aerosol indirect effect in Southeast Asia. We find that, as expected, aerosol loading anti-correlates with cloud effective radius, with maximum sensitivity in cumulous mediocris clouds with heights in the 3–4.5 km level. The highest susceptibilities in droplet effective radius to modeled perturbations in particle concentrations were found in the more remote and pristine regions of the western Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. Conversely, there was much less variability in cloud droplet size near emission sources over both land and water. We hypothesize this is suggestive of a high aerosol background already saturated with cloud condensation nuclei even during the relatively clean periods, in contrast to the remote ocean regions, which have periods where the aerosol concentrations are low enough to allow for larger droplet growth.
Preliminary studies for an integrated assessment of the hydrothermal potential of the Pechelbronn Group in the northern Upper Rhine Graben
Authors: Hintze Meike , Plasse Barbara , Bär Kristian , Sass Ingo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The northern Upper Rhine Graben is due to its tectonic setting and the
positive geothermal anomaly a key region for geothermal heat and power
production in Europe. In this area the Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene
Pechelbronn Group reaches depths of up to 2800 m with temperatures of
locally more than 130 ∘C. In order to assess the hydrothermal
potential of the Pechelbronn Group a large dataset is compiled and evaluated.
Petrophysical parameters are measured on core samples of eight boreholes
(courtesy of Exxon Mobil). Additionally, 15 gamma-ray logs, 99 lithology logs
as well as more than 2500 porosity and permeability measurements on cores of
some of these boreholes are available. The Lower Pechelbronn Beds are composed of fluvial to lacustrine sediments,
the Middle Pechelbronn Beds were deposited in a brackish to marine
environment and the Upper Pechelbronn Beds consist of fluvial/alluvial to
marine deposits. In between the western and eastern masterfaults of the
Upper Rhine Graben several fault blocks exist, with fault orientation being
sub-parallel to the graben shoulders. During the syntectonic deposition of
the Pechelbronn Group these fault blocks acted as isolated depocenters,
resulting in considerable thickness and depositional facies variations on
the regional and local scale (few tens to several hundreds of meters). Laboratory measurements of sonic wave velocity, density, porosity,
permeability, thermal conductivity and diffusivity are conducted on the core
samples that are classified into lithofacies groups. Statistically evaluated
petrophysical parameters are assigned to each group. The gamma-ray logs
serve to verify the lithological classification and can further be used for
correlation analysis or joint inversion with the petrophysical data. Well data, seismic sections, isolines and geological profiles are used to
construct a geological 3-D model. It is planned to use the petrophysical,
thermal and hydraulic rock properties at a later stage to parametrize the
model unit and to determine, together with the temperature and thickness of
the model unit, the expected flow rates and reservoir temperatures and thus
the hydrothermal potential.
Evaluation of MUSICA IASI tropospheric water vapour profiles using theoretical error assessments and comparisons to GRUAN Vaisala RS92 measurements
Authors: Borger Christian , Schneider Matthias , Ertl Benjamin , Hase Frank , García Omaira E. , Sommer Michael , Höpfner Michael , Tjemkes Stephen A. , Calbet Xavier
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Volume mixing ratio water vapour profiles have been retrieved from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) spectra using the MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water) processor. The retrievals are done for IASI observations that coincide with Vaisala RS92 radiosonde measurements performed in the framework of the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) in three different climate zones: the tropics (Manus Island, 2° S), mid-latitudes (Lindenberg, 52° N), and polar regions (Sodankylä, 67° N). The retrievals show good sensitivity with respect to the vertical H2O distribution between 1 km above ground and the upper troposphere. Typical DOFS (degrees of freedom for signal) values are about 5.6 for the tropics, 5.1 for summertime mid-latitudes, 3.8 for wintertime mid-latitudes, and 4.4 for summertime polar regions. The errors of the MUSICA IASI water vapour profiles have been theoretically estimated considering the contribution of many different uncertainty sources. For all three climate regions, unrecognized cirrus clouds and uncertainties in atmospheric temperature have been identified as the most important error sources and they can reach about 25 %. The MUSICA IASI water vapour profiles have been compared to 100 individual coincident GRUAN water vapour profiles. The systematic difference between the data is within 11 % below 12 km altitude; however, at higher altitudes the MUSICA IASI data show a dry bias with respect to the GRUAN data of up to 21 %. The scatter is largest close to the surface (30 %), but never exceeds 21 % above 1 km altitude. The comparison study documents that the MUSICA IASI retrieval processor provides H2O profiles that capture the large variations in H2O volume mixing ratio profiles well from 1 km above ground up to altitudes close to the tropopause. Above 5 km the observed scatter with respect to GRUAN data is in reasonable agreement with the combined MUSICA IASI and GRUAN random errors. The increased scatter at lower altitudes might be explained by surface emissivity uncertainties at the summertime continental sites of Lindenberg and Sodankylä, and the upper tropospheric dry bias might suggest deficits in correctly modelling the spectroscopic line shapes of water vapour.
Multi-year particle fluxes in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard
Authors: D'Angelo Alessandra , Giglio Federico , Miserocchi Stefano , Sanchez-Vidal Anna , Aliani Stefano , Tesi Tommaso , Viola Angelo , Mazzola Mauro , Langone Leonardo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. High-latitude regions are
warming faster than other areas due to reduction of snow cover and sea ice
loss and changes in atmospheric and ocean circulation. The combination of
these processes, collectively known as polar amplification, provides an
extraordinary opportunity to document the ongoing thermal destabilisation of
the terrestrial cryosphere and the release of land-derived material into the
aquatic environment. This study presents a 6-year time series (2010–2016) of
physical parameters and particle fluxes collected by an oceanographic mooring
in Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Svalbard). In recent decades, Kongsfjorden has
been experiencing rapid loss of sea ice coverage and retreat of local
glaciers as a result of the progressive increase in ocean and air
temperatures. The overarching goal of this study was to continuously monitor
the inner fjord particle sinking and to understand to what extent the
temporal evolution of particulate fluxes was linked to the progressive
changes in both Atlantic and freshwater input. Our data show high peaks of
settling particles during warm seasons, in terms of both organic and
inorganic matter. The different sources of suspended particles were described
as a mixing of glacier carbonate, glacier siliciclastic and autochthonous marine input. The glacier releasing
sediments into the fjord was the predominant source, while the sediment input
by rivers was reduced at the mooring site. Our time series showed that the
seasonal sunlight exerted first-order control on the particulate fluxes in
the inner fjord. The marine fraction peaked when the solar radiation was at a
maximum in May–June while the land-derived fluxes exhibited a 1–2-month lag
consistent with the maximum air temperature and glacier melting. The
inter-annual time-weighted total mass fluxes varied by 2 orders of magnitude
over time, with relatively higher values in 2011, 2013, and 2015. Our results
suggest that the land-derived input will remarkably increase over time in a
warming scenario. Further studies are therefore needed to understand the
future response of the Kongsfjorden ecosystem alterations with respect to the
enhanced release of glacier-derived material.
Carbon dioxide and methane fluxes at the air–sea interface of Red Sea mangroves
Authors: Sea Mallory A. , Garcias-Bonet Neus , Saderne Vincent , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Mangrove forests are highly productive tropical and subtropical coastal systems that provide a variety of ecosystem services, including the sequestration of carbon. While mangroves are reported to be the most intense carbon sinks among all forests, they can also support large emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), to the atmosphere. However, data derived from arid mangrove systems like the Red Sea are lacking. Here, we report net emission rates of CO2 and CH4 from mangroves along the eastern coast of the Red Sea and assess the relative role of these two gases in supporting total GHG emissions to the atmosphere. Diel CO2 and CH4 emission rates ranged from −3452 to 7500 µmol CO2 m−2 d−1 and from 0.9 to 13.3 µmol CH4 m−2 d−1 respectively. The rates reported here fall within previously reported ranges for both CO2 and CH4, but maximum CO2 and CH4 flux rates in the Red Sea are 10- to 100-fold below those previously reported for mangroves elsewhere. Based on the isotopic composition of the CO2 and CH4 produced, we identified potential origins of the organic matter that support GHG emissions. In all but one mangrove stand, GHG emissions appear to be supported by organic matter from mixed sources, potentially reducing CO2 fluxes and instead enhancing CH4 production, a finding that highlights the importance of determining the origin of organic matter in GHG emissions. Methane was the main source of CO2 equivalents despite the comparatively low emission rates in most of the sampled mangroves and therefore deserves careful monitoring in this region. By further resolving GHG fluxes in arid mangroves, we will better ascertain the role of these forests in global carbon budgets.
The Coupling of Carbon, Nitrogen and Sulphur Transformational Processes in River Sediments Based on Correlationship among the Functional Genes
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Li Yang , Sun Qingye , Chen Piaoxue , Wei Xuhao
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Microorganisms in sediments play an important role in C-, N- and S-cycles by regulating forms and contents of these elements. The coupled system or synergistic reaction among three elemental cycles can effectively alleviate the pollution of C, N, and S in sediments. However, ecological processes coupling C-, N- and S-cycles in sediments are still poorly understood. In order to understand the ecological processes mediated by microorganisms living in river sediments, a total of 135 sediment samples were collected from Huaihe River and its branches located in the Northern of Anhui Province, the abundance of functional marker genes (mcrA, pmoA, cmo, amoA, hzo, nirK, nirS, nosZ, dsrB, aprA), involving in C-, N- and S-transformation, were determined by qPCR. The correlation among functional genes from 135 river sediment samples was calculated. We supposed that the correlationship among functional genes could be used as a reference index speculating the coupled systems of C-N-S in this reasearch, then the distinct coupling relation of C-N-S was revealed, and probable genetic mechanisms were also expounded based on the hypothesis. The study found that amoA-AOA and dsrB possibly played a secondary role, while S-functional gene (aprA), C-functional gene (mcrA) and N-functional gene (hzo) were the key functional genes that participate in the coupled processes in the elemental biogeochemical cycle. The results also demonstrated that C, N might have combined effects on the coupling of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur transformation.
Has erosion globally increased? Long-term erosion rates as a function of climate derived from the impact crater inventory
Authors: Hergarten Stefan , Kenkmann Thomas
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Worldwide erosion rates seem to have increased strongly since the beginning of the Quaternary, but there is still discussion about the role of glaciation as a potential driver and even whether the increase is real at all or an artefact due to losses in the long-term sedimentary record. In this study we derive estimates of average erosion rates on the time scale of some tens of million years from the terrestrial impact crater inventory. This approach is completely independent from all other methods to infer erosion rates such as river loads, preserved sediments, cosmogenic nuclides and thermochronometry. Our approach yields average erosion rates as a function of present-day topography and climate. The results confirm that topography accounts for the main part of the huge variation of erosion on Earth, but also identifies a significant systematic dependence on climate in contrast to several previous studies. We found a fivefold increase in erosional efficacy from the cold regimes to the tropical zone and that temperate and arid climates are very similar in this context. Combining our results to a worldwide mean erosion rate we found that erosion rates on the time scale of some tens of million years are at least as high as present-day rates and suggest that glaciation has a rather regional effect with a limited impact at the continental scale.
Predicting the soil water retention curve from the particle size distribution based on a pore space geometry containing slit-shaped spaces
Authors: Chang Chen-Chao , Cheng Dong-Hui
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Traditional models employed to predict the soil water retention curve (SWRC)
from the particle size distribution (PSD) always underestimate the water
content in the dry range of the SWRC. Using the measured physical parameters
of 48 soil samples from the UNSODA unsaturated soil hydraulic property
database, these errors were proven to originate from an inaccurate estimation
of the pore size distribution. A method was therefore proposed to improve the
estimation of the water content at high suction heads using a pore model
comprising a circle-shaped central pore connected to slit-shaped spaces. In
this model, the pore volume fraction of the minimum pore diameter range and
the corresponding water content were accordingly increased. The predicted
SWRCs using the improved method reasonably approximated the measured SWRCs,
which were more accurate than those obtained using the traditional method and
the scaling approach in the dry range of the SWRC.
Technical note: Two types of absolute dynamic ocean topography
Authors: Chu Peter C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Two types of marine geoid exist with the first type being the average level
of sea surface height (SSH) if the water is at rest (classical
definition), and the second type being satellite-determined with the
condition that the water is usually not at rest. The differences between
the two are exclusion (inclusion) of the gravity anomaly and non-measurable
(measurable) in the first (second) type. The associated absolute dynamic
ocean topography (referred to as DOT), i.e., SSH minus marine geoid,
correspondingly also has two types. Horizontal gradients of the first type of
DOT represent the absolute surface geostrophic currents due to water being at
rest on the first type of marine geoid. Horizontal gradients of the second
type of DOT represent the surface geostrophic currents relative to flow on
the second type of marine geoid. Difference between the two is quantitatively
identified in this technical note through comparison between the first type
of DOT and the mean second type of DOT (MDOT). The first type of DOT is
determined by a physical principle that the geostrophic balance takes the
minimum energy state. Based on that, a new elliptic equation is derived for
the first type of DOT. The continuation of geoid from land to ocean leads to
an inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition with the boundary values taking
the satellite-observed second type of MDOT. This well-posed elliptic equation
is integrated numerically on 1∘ grids for the world oceans with the
forcing function computed from the World Ocean Atlas (T, S) fields and
the sea-floor topography obtained from the ETOPO5 model of NOAA. Between the
first type of DOT and the second type of MDOT, the relative root-mean square
(RRMS) difference (versus RMS of the first type of DOT) is 38.6 % and the
RMS difference in the horizontal gradients (versus RMS of the horizontal
gradient of the first type of DOT) is near 100 %. The standard deviation
of horizontal gradients is nearly twice larger for the second type
(satellite-determined marine geoid with gravity anomaly) than for the first
type (geostrophic balance without gravity anomaly). Such a difference needs
further attention from oceanographic and geodetic communities, especially the
oceanographic representation of the horizontal gradients of the second type
of MDOT (not the absolute surface geostrophic currents).
Changes in the properties of deep and intermediate water masses in the Nordic Seas from 1997 to 2016
Authors: Merchel Małgorzata , Walczowski Waldemar
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This study investigated the temporal variability of the basic physical properties of deep and intermediate waters in the Nordic Seas from 1997 to 2016. Special attention paid to quantifying changes in their temperature and salinity and determining potential drivers of these changes. Hydrographic data were obtained during annual cruises of the R/V Oceania in the Nordic Seas region from 1997 to 2016. The results show that, in the past 20 years, deep and intermediate waters in the studied region have warmed at least 10 times more than the mean global ocean temperature change; salinity has also changed. This means that changes in these waters' properties have a much greater impact on recent climate change intensification than previously thought. For example, ocean circulation, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide content, and sea level rise, may also change much faster.
Evaluation of dynamically downscaled near-surface mass and energy fluxes for three mountain glaciers, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Tessema Mekdes Ayalew , Radić Valentina , Menounos Brian , Fitzpatrick Noel
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Most models of glacier melt are forced by observed meteorological data in the vicinity of the glacier in question. In the absence of these observations, the forcing is commonly derived from statistical or dynamical downscaling of low resolution reanalysis datasets. Here we perform dynamical downscaling via the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to evaluate its performance against the observations from automatic weather stations (AWSs ) for three mountain glaciers in the interior of British Columbia, Canada over several summer seasons. The WRF model, nested within the ERA-Interim global reanalysis, produced output fields at 7.5 km and 2.5 km spatial resolution for all glaciers, as well as 1 km resolution for one of the glaciers. We find that the surface energy balance (SEB) model, forced by WRF at 2.5 km, adequately simulates the AWS-derived seasonal melt rates despite large biases in the individual SEB components. Overestimation of the number of clear sky days in WRF at 2.5 km explains the positive bias in the seasonal incoming shortwave radiation. This positive bias, however, is compensated by a negative bias in the seasonal incoming longwave radiation, and by an underestimation of sensible and latent heat fluxes. The underestimation of sensible heat fluxes down to −80 % of AWS-derived fluxes, as calculated by the bulk aerodynamic method, is due to the underestimated near-surface wind speeds. An increase of WRF spatial resolution from 7.5 to 1 km does not improve the simulation of downscaled variables other than near-surface air temperature. For relatively small glaciers (
Critique des idéologies, critique des utopies
Authors: Marcelo Gonçalo
Published: September 2018

Cet article vise à décrire les rapports dialectiques entre l’idéologie et l’utopie dans la philosophie sociale de Paul Ricœur et à les interroger sous l’angle de la critique. L’article montre le rôle de la critique dans le cadre de la philosophie ricœurienne et décrit la présence de plusieurs types, fonctions et objets de la critique dans cette philosophie, en soulignant l’importance, dans le contexte de ses rapports avec la théorie critique, de la critique généalogique, normative et reconstructive. Rappelant que les formes pathologiques d’idéologie et d’utopie doivent être critiquées, mais aussi que les idéologies et les utopies, au sens positif, peuvent aussi être des outils critiques, l’article vise à cerner certains problèmes non résolus de l’approche ricœurienne à cette question mais aussi à montrer que la fonction critique de la philosophie ricœurienne a beaucoup à nous apprendre encore aujourd’hui.