bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radioactivity in the Southern East Baghdad Oilfield from the Reservoir to the Surface Environment
Authors: Ibrahim Maryam A. , Ali Kamal K.
Published: March 2024

Naturally occurring radioactivity was evaluated in the reservoir rock, surface soil samples, and oil production waste at the East Baghdad South (EBS) Oil Field. The radioactivity of uranium-238 (and radium-226), thorium-232, and potassium-40 were calculated in core samples from four geological formations: Al-Zubair, Al-Khasib, Tanuma, and Hartha Formations, which represent the oil reservoirs in the study area in addition to the natural GR and SGR logs for the oil well in EBS were calculated. The radioactivity of the above-mentioned nuclides was also measured for surface soil samples and waste samples from the site of the oil production industry at the EBS oilfield. The measurements included all the stages of oil production from the collection of crude oil from the wells stage to the storage of the manufactured oil. It also included measurements of radioactivity in samples for some sites outside the industry and near the oil wells in the region. Total radioactivity was measured in count/second and the exposure dose rates were also measured at all the above sites. Relatively high concentrations of uranium-238 and radium-226 were found in rock core samples of some geological units within the oil reservoir formations which will certainly move with the oil to the surface and collect with waste (such as sludge) when oil is produced. Although, some sites have higher Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40, in the sludge samples and oily soil, such as in the 1st separator stage, water separation (Desalter) stage, and near the waste pit, these locations are acceptable if they are compared with other oilfields worldwide. The gamma absorbed doses calculated inside the EBS oil industry were higher than the global average of (59) nGy/h where Ra-226 is the main contributor in these doses, on the other hand, external hazard index (Hex) values less than unity so they are acceptable according to UNSCEAR. Radiation dose values in some places in the study area exceed the values recommended by ICRP, UNSCEAR, and IAEA (1 mSv/y) for the public but less than the values recommended for workers (20 mSv/y). generally, the site of EBS- oilfield does not show radioactive contamination or significant radioactive hazards, as it is a new facility, and safety instructions are still strictly applied, and the removal of waste immediately before its spread by the activity of the workers in the facility.
Cluster Outer Points via Proximity Spaces
Authors: Almohammed Raghad , Jabar L. A. A.
Published: March 2024

One of the most effective mathematical concepts for developing a clear picture of topological cluster proximity spaces is the follower points and the takeoff points. These are utilized in current study to construct three sets called the cluster outer set, the cluster disputed set and the cluster brim set denoted by , respectively. These three sets have divided the space into three separate pairs. On the other hand, the most important results, properties, and relationships between the sets were highlighted and studied.
Computer Vision-based Approaches, Datasets, and Applications of Smart Parking Systems: A Review
Authors: Hadi Raad Ahmed , George Loay Edwar , Ahmed Zainab Jawad
Published: March 2024

Nowadays, smart parking systems (SPS) represent one of the active research areas of intelligent transport systems (ITS). It is an interesting topic and attractive to researchers due to the difficult challenges that are needed to solve it. It enhances city life and plays an important role in reducing gas emissions, air pollution, and traffic congestion while improving the time override for drivers to easily allocate vacant parking lots. In this paper, we discuss and dedicate a review of how computer vision-based approaches can assist in providing wellness solutions for the occupancy of smart parking lots. In addition, we provide an overview of the most common standard datasets and some well-known applications of vacant smart parking lots.
Facile Synthesis of Copper Nanocubes in Aqueous Phase for Catalytic Esterification Using Green-Conditions
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Hazim A , Al-Bassam Ahmed Z. M. , Alabdullah Sahar S. M.
Published: March 2024

This work demonstrated a simple and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing silica-supported copper nanocubes (CuNCs/SiO2). The copper nanocubes, with a size of 15 ± 5 nm, were synthesized using green reagents and conditions. Ascorbic acid, water, and di-n-butyl sulfide were employed as reducing agent, solvent, and stabilizing ligand, respectively. The designed nanoscale catalyst was utilized for the esterification of acetic acid to methyl acetate at room temperature. The catalyst exhibited high efficiency, converting 80% of the reactant to the desired product (methyl acetate) after 24 hours of reaction at room temperature. The size and shape of copper nanocubes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction to characterize the formation of copper nanocubes, while the esterification product was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Association of Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-18 Polymorphisms with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Disease in Iraqi Patients
Authors: Hasan Lafaw O. , Rasheed Taban K.
Published: March 2024

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a blood cancer where high numbers of abnormal, immature lymphocytes called blasts start over-multiplying in the bone marrow. The lymphocyte cells and interleukins are crucial for controlling the immune response in tumor microenvironment. Many of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of some interleukin genes may change protein synthesis or function and regulate the immune response. A lot of these changes have been connected to a high risk of developing cancer. Aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between IL-12 (+1188 A/C) (rs3212227) and IL-18 (–607 A/C) (rs1946518) polymorphism with serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and their genotypes association with the susceptibility to ALL disease in Iraqi patients. The study included 59 ALL patients and 30 healthy controls. The detection of IL-12 and IL-18 SNP genes was determined by ARMS-PCR methods and serum levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined by utilizing enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results observed no significant association of IL-12 and IL-18 polymorphism with serum IFN-γ and TNF-α level. Genotyping frequencies of IL-12 (+1188A/C) CA, AA and CA+AA genotypes showed a strong association with the development of ALL disease, IL-18 genotypes showed no significant association with the disease progression.
Crímenes masivos, tragedias individuales. Las verdades insoportables de la justicia transicional
Authors: Suárez Andrés Fernando
Published: March 2024

Este artículo aborda la relación entre el reconocimiento de crímenes masivos y el esclarecimiento de tragedias individuales en los escenarios judiciales de la justicia transicional, para lo cual revisa y analiza las narrativas de víctimas y victimarios en los distintos escenarios judiciales de los modelos de justicia transicional de la Ley de Justicia y Paz y la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz en Colombia. El resultado es un desencuentro entre las verdades ofrecidas por los máximos responsables y las verdades esperadas por las víctimas, vividos por unos y otros como verdades insoportables altamente contenciosas apuntaladas en la sospecha y la desconfianza mutua. Muchas de estas verdades insoportables provienen del olvido y el desconocimiento, la desindividualización, la compartimentación organizacional, la arbitrariedad más allá de las complicidades, y el desprecio por los civiles y su reconocimiento como víctimas, realidades profundamente imbricadas en la dinámica del conflicto armado.
O uso sem prescrição médica de Metilfenidato e Lisdexanfetamina por estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Rousso Isabella Rodrigues , Duarte Tallita Lougon , Nascimento Rafaela Ferreira do , Silva Ana Gabriella Chefer de Oliveira , Barbosa Maria Luiza Silva , Mendonça Marcos Antonio
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: Revisar a literatura sobre o uso sem prescrição médica de Metilfenidato e Lisdexanfetamina por estudantes de Medicina. Revisão bibliográfica: Substâncias capazes de estimular o cérebro apresentam diversas propriedades, entre elas, aumento da motivação, estado de alerta e tempo de vigília, por isso acadêmicos acabam se colocando em risco quando realizam a automedicação de estimulantes cerebrais, acreditando que serão obtidos melhor resultados em avaliações. Nos estudos disponíveis é observado que a maioria utiliza metilfenidato ou lisdexanfetamina em períodos de provas e de estresse, entretanto, faltam estudos que possam estabelecer a real prevalência do uso não prescrito de estimulantes cerebrais por acadêmicos de Medicina o que acabam interferindo diretamente na criação de medidas de saúde pública. Considerações finais: Diante da crescente eminente do uso de estimulantes não prescritos nos estudos existentes, faz-se necessário uma ampliação dessas pesquisas nas universidades brasileiras, a fim de se entender a prevalência existente e a realização de um diagnóstico dessa problemática para que sejam estabelecidas medidas de saúde pública.
A computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric study of various skull base parameters and their anatomical relationships relevant to endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Ganesh V. L , Dharanipathy Sundarakrishnan , Pavana V. , Kumar Amandeep , Sebastian Leve Joseph Devarajan , Garg Ajay
Published: March 2024

Background:

Endoscopic skull base surgery requires a thorough understanding of skull base anatomy. Orientation to regional anatomy to avoid complications like internal carotid artery injury can be assisted by knowledge of certain bony landmarks. These landmarks are themselves highly variable structures. This study focuses on the radiological morphometric characterization of these landmarks, which can be of great assistance to surgeons for better planning of endoscopic skull base approaches.

Methods:

Computed tomography scans of patients without skull base pathologies were analyzed retrospectively for the following parameters – Vidian canal (VC) length, VC and foramen rotundum (FR) distance from midline, the angle between the axis of VC and petrous internal carotid artery (pICA) and between VC and palatovaginal canal, the horizontal, vertical and direct distances between VC and FR and the patterns of sphenoid sinus (SS) pneumatization.

Results:

The VC-pICA angle was more obtuse and VC and FR were placed farther off the midline on the left as compared to the right side. Similarly, the distances between VC and FR were more on the left side. The VC length and distance of VC and FR from the midline were longer in males than in females. The VC-pICA angle was more obtuse in females. The post-sellar variant was the predominant pneumatization pattern seen (57.9%), and the incidence of lateral recess pneumatization was 15%.

Conclusion:

The results of our study can be utilized for a better understanding of the anatomy of the skull base. In skull base pathologies with distorted anatomical landmarks, a basic understanding of their interrelations can be used to have a better anatomical orientation. All these measures can help in avoiding complications and make extended endoscopic approaches safe.
Implementasi Metode Permainan Bahasa untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Sosial dan Humanis
Authors: Harbelubun Yohanna Claudia Dhian Ariani
Published: March 2024

Character formation can be integrated not only into learning materials but also into the learning methods that we choose and use. The game method is also a method that we can design for conveying material as well as building and shaping children's character. Especially for elementary school students, the game method is definitely liked by children. If psychologically the child is happy in learning, then knowledge and character values can be easily accepted by the child, which also makes it easier for the teacher to direct the social values and positive values of each game. This article examines the socio-epistemological philosophy of the game method in elementary school. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, interviews, and FGD techniques. The participants in this study were elementary school teachers in Jakarta. The language game method studied is a game that has an impact on learning, both to improve results and to shape the social character of students. The purpose of this study is to further examine the sociological impact of the game method. It is this sociological impact that will shape students from elementary school into people who are humane and have social character.
Higher Order Thinking Skills pada Soal Akm Literasi Membaca di SMK Pertanian Pekanbaru
Authors: Sartika Sartika , Mukhlis Muhammad
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to determine and explain Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in the AKM literacy reading questions for Grade X in the even semester at SMK Negeri Pertanian Pekanbaru in 2021/2022. This is done to assess whether the characteristics of the questions align with the requirements. The research adopts a qualitative approach using content analysis as the method. Data collection techniques employed in this study include documentation, note-taking, writing, and drawing conclusions. The data collected is analyzed using content analysis techniques, involving identification, classification, analysis, and interpretation. The findings of this study reveal that the cognitive level in the AKM literacy reading questions consists of only two levels, namely understanding (C2) and analyzing (C4). Understanding (C2), classified as Lower Order Thinking Skills (LOTS), accounts for 68% of the questions, while analyzing (C4), classified as Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), accounts for only 32%. Based on these calculations, the AKM literacy reading questions at SMK Negeri Pertanian Pekanbaru are still predominantly classified as LOTS, with a percentage of 68%.
Nilai Sosial dan Estetika dalam Novel 5 Cm Karya Donny Dhirgantoro
Authors: Abdul Wachid  , Utami Sri , Sugianto Iwan
Published: March 2024

The novel "5 Cm" by Donny Dhirgantoro contains social and aesthetic values, which makes it a suitable subject for research aiming to describe these values. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive research approach, using data obtained from the novel "5 Cm" itself. The data collection method employed in this study involves reading the novel and taking detailed notes. The data analysis method utilizes descriptive techniques to examine the collected data. The researchers also conducted data validation to enhance the reliability of the study. The findings of this research reveal the presence of three social values in the novel "5 Cm": material values, vital values, and spiritual values as presented by Notonegoro. Additionally, the novel also encompasses aesthetic values, including asexual beauty, natural beauty, and alkaline beauty. This research holds significance for further studies and readers, as it allows them to explore the values conveyed in the novel and uncover the underlying meanings in "5 Cm."
Resistensi Kritis Ki Hadjar Dewantara pada Surat Kabar De Express: Sebuah Kajian Postkolonialisme
Authors: Masjid Akbar Al , Trisharsiwi Trisharsiwi , Setiawan Arya Dani , Marwanti Endah
Published: March 2024

Postcolonialism literary criticism is a critical approach to literature that involves the historical context of colonialism and its impact on culture, identity, and power. Postcolonial literary criticism also helps provide an understanding of the concept of 'the Other', i.e., the way in which colonial culture denigrates and belittles other cultures outside its nation. This study aims to examine the article by Ki Hadjar Dewantara written in the newspaper Express with an approach to literary criticism of postcolonialism. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative literature study with an analysis method, namely content analysis. The source of this research data is an article entitled "Als ik een Nederlander was" or "If I Were a Dutchman," written by Ki Hadjar Dewantara (KHD) and published in De Express Newspaper on July 13, 1913. The research data is in the form of discourse quotes contained in the article. Data collection techniques include read, listen, and record techniques. The findings contained resistance in the form of mimicry, hybridity, and ambivalence. The resistance to mimicry or imitation shown by KHD is included in the category of closed or covert reciprocity because the rejection of the policies implemented by the Dutch government is opposed by writing that contains subtle but sharp satire. Hibridity resistance is found in the choice of KHD diction that deliberately explores and contrasts the words inlander-nederlander, freedom and slavery, freedom and oppression. The ambivalence resistance that was found was KHD, who initially wanted to become a Dutchman with his various arguments that flattered as well as satirized and gave condemnation to the colonial nation as KHD's strategy in awakening the patriotism and nationalism of the Indonesian people to fight for independence.
Netizens Negative Sentences in the Comments Column of Najwa Shihab's Instagram Account (IG TV Posts Titled #teamganjar or #teampuan)
Authors: Andini Agustina Syifa , Putri Mahda
Published: March 2024

A negative sentence is a sentence that contains elements of negation or denial. This sentence is a denial of something. In addition to direct human speech with other humans, negative sentences can also be found from indirect speech. Examples of negative sentences in indirect speech are Articles, News, Comment columns and so on. Instagram is one of the social media that can be used to upload photos or videos that can be reached by other instagram users. Instagram is a social media that is used as an object in this study. One of the features contained in instagram is the comment field. One of the problems that will be discussed is the use of negative sentences contained in the comments column on Najwa Shihab's instagram account. The purpose of this study was to describe the markers, forms and meanings of negative sentences contained in one of the comments column Najwa Syihab instagram account. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method with listen and record techniques. The Data obtained in this study comes from the comments of netizens contained on Najwa Shihab's instagram account.
Natur, Kunst und Politik: Die landschaftliche Genese der hessischen Bergstrasse im langen 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Sukrow Oliver
Published: March 2024

Der Autor öffnet zum Abschluss des Bandes eindrucksvoll den Blick ins 19. Jahrhundert, indem er die Entstehungsgeschichte der verschönerten Region »Bergstraße« im südhessischen Odenwald mit ihren künstlerischen, sozialen und politischen Implikationen vorstellt. Dabei zeigt er auf, wie Ansätze, deren geistige Wurzeln im späten 18. Jahrhundert liegen, im 19. Jahrhundert aus- und fortgeformt wurden.
 
The author concludes the volume with an impressive look onto the 19th century by presenting the history of the development of the embellished »Bergstrasse« region in the Odenwald in southern Hesse with its artistic, social and political implications. In doing so, he shows how approaches with intellectual roots in the late 18th century were developed and further moulded in the 19th century.
Bis(N-tert-butylacetamido)(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium
Authors: Seth Dennis , Waterman Rory
Published: March 2024

The titanium amidate compound bis(N-tert-butylacetamido)(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium was synthesized by protonolysis of tris(dimethylamido)(chloro)titanium and was structurally characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectrosocpy as well as X-ray diffraction. The compound does not appear to react cleanly nor readily with routine alkylating agents such as sec-butyllithium, benzyl potassium, or trimethylsilyl methyllithium.
Roadmap on Data-Centric Materials Science
Authors: Scheffler Matthias , Bauer Stefan , Benner Peter , Bereau Tristan , Blum Volker , Boley Mario , Carbogno Christian , Catlow C. Richard A. , Dehm Gerhard , Eibl Sebastian , Ernstorfer Ralph , Fekete Ádám , Foppa Lucas , Fratzl Peter , Freysoldt Christoph , Gault Baptiste , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Giri Sajal K. , Gladyshev Anton , Goyal Pawan , Hattrick-Simpers Jason , Kabalan Lara , Karpov Petr , Khorrami Mohammad S. , Koch Christoph , Kokott Sebastian , Kosch Thomas , Kowalec Igor , Kremer Kurt , Leitherer Andreas , Li Yue , Liebscher Christian H. , Logsdail Andrew J. , Lu Zhongwei , Luong Felix , Marek Andreas , Merz Florian , Mianroodi Jaber R. , Neugebauer Jörg , Pei Zongrui , Purcell Thomas A. R. , Raabe Dierk , Rampp Markus , Rossi Mariana , Rost Jan-Michael , Saal James , Saalmann Ulf , Sasidhar Kasturi Narasimha , Saxena Alaukik , Sbailò Luigi , Scheidgen Markus , Schloz Marcel , Schmidt Daniel F. , Teshuva Simon , Trunschke Annette , Wei Ye , Weikum Gerhard , Xian R. Patrick , Yao Yi , Yin Junqi , Zhao Meng
Published: March 2024

Science is and always has been based on data, but the terms ‘data-centric’ and the ‘4th paradigm’ of materials research indicate a radical change in how information is retrieved, handled and research is performed. It signifies a transformative shift towards managing vast data collections, digital repositories, and innovative data analytics methods. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its subset Machine Learning (ML), has become pivotal in addressing all these challenges. This Roadmap on Data-Centric Materials Science explores fundamental concepts and methodologies, illustrating diverse applications in electronic-structure theory, soft matter theory, microstructure research, and experimental techniques like photoemission, atom probe tomography, and electron microscopy. While the roadmap delves into specific areas within the broad interdisciplinary field of materials science, the provided examples elucidate key concepts applicable to a wider range of topics. The discussed instances offer insights into addressing the multifaceted challenges encountered in contemporary materials research.
Getting the intermolecular forces correct: introducing the ASTA strategy for a water model
Authors: Mareš Jiří , Mayorga Delgado Pau
Published: March 2024

Having a force field for water providing good bulk properties is paramount for modern studies of most biological systems. Some of the most common three-site force fields are TIP3, SPC/ϵ or OPC3, providing a decent range of bulk properties. That does not mean though, that they have realistic inter- atomic forces. These force fields have been parameterized with a top-down approach, meaning, by fitting the force field parameters to the experimental bulk properties. This approach grows in inaccuracy the more different the studied system is from the originally parameterized force field. We test a bottom-up approach, in which the force field is parameterized by optimizing the non-bonded inter-atomic forces within a general framework and thus, not dependent on the nature of the system. Our philosophy is that correct inter-atomic forces lead to correct geometrical and dynamical properties. The first system we try to optimize with the accurately system tailored atomic (ASTA) algorithm is water, but we aim to eventually probe other systems in the future as well. We applied our ASTA strategy to find a good set of parameters providing accurate bulk properties for the simple three-site force field forms, and also, for more physical polarizable force fields, such as AMOEBA. Even though our bottom-up approach did not provide satisfactory results for the simple three-site force fields (with fixed charges), for the case of the AMOEBA force field it led to parameters giving very good intra- and inter-molecular forces, as compared to accurate quantum chemically calculated reference forces. At the same time, important bulk properties, such as the density and diffusion, were accurately reproduced with respect to the experimental values.
Frataxin Traps Low Abundance Quaternary Structure to Stimulate Human Fe-S Cluster Biosynthesis
Authors: Cory Seth , Lin Cheng-Wei , Havens Steven , Patra Shachin , Putnam Christopher , Shirzadeh Mehdi , Russell David , Barondeau David
Published: March 2024

Iron-sulfur clusters are essential protein cofactors synthesized in human mitochondria by an NFS1-ISD11-ACP-ISCU2-FXN assembly complex. Surprisingly, researchers have discovered three distinct quaternary structures for cysteine desulfurase subcomplexes, which display similar interactions between NFS1-ISD11-ACP protomeric units but distinct dimeric interfaces between the protomers. Although the role of these different architectures is unclear, possible functions include regulating activity and promoting the biosynthesis of distinct sulfur-containing biomolecules. Here, crystallography, native ion-mobility mass spectrometry, and chromatography methods reveal the Fe-S assembly subcomplex exists as an equilibrium mixture of these different quaternary structures. Our results suggest Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) protein frataxin (FXN) functions as a "molecular lock" and shifts the equilibrium towards one of the architectures to stimulate the cysteine desulfurase activity and promote iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. An NFS1-designed variant similarly shifts the equilibrium and partially replaces FXN in activating the complex. These results suggest that eukaryotic cysteine desulfurases are unusual members of the morpheein class of enzymes that control their activity through their oligomeric state. Overall, the findings support architectural switching as a regulatory mechanism linked to FXN activation of the human Fe-S cluster biosynthetic complex and provide new opportunities for therapeutic interventions of the fatal neurodegenerative disease FRDA.
Minería de datos aplicada a los discursos presidenciales de Pedro Castillo Terrones en Perú
Authors: Chung Pinzás Alfonso Ramón , Inche Mitma Jorge Luis
Published: March 2024

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación no experimental, descriptiva y explicativa.  Dicha investigación está relacionada a la minería de texto y de sentimientos, para ello se trabajó con la totalidad de los discursos oficiales del expresidente del Perú, Pedro Castillo Terrones, los que ascienden a 12 y son de dominio público en el portal del estado peruano.  El objetivo fue determinar cuál es el mensaje detrás de los discursos antes mencionados.  Los datos fueron procesados en R a través de RStudio, y el lexicón NRC.  Los resultados arrojan mensajes orientados a transmitir la idea de un estado benefactor; por lo tanto, no están orientados al fomento de la iniciativa emprendedora en la población, sino más bien a la recepción por parte del estado de los recursos, en especial el económico, esto acorde con el ideario del partido que lo llevó al poder.  En cuanto a los sentimientos, predominan los positivos.  Al ser un tema con una alta carga política e ideológica, se ha buscado aislar dichas cargas, restringiendo la interpretación a los resultados antes mencionados.
Motivaciones y contradicciones en el uso de las redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gutiérrez Arenas María del Pilar , Díaz Pareja Elena María , Ramírez García Antonia , García Rojas Antonio Daniel
Published: March 2024

En torno a las redes sociales se pueden establecer contradicciones con las que se convive: identidad individual versus identidad social, exhibicionismo versus privacidad y satisfacción versus evasión, entre otras. Entre ambos extremos transitan sombras en forma de procesos de desinformación, visión naif de la influencia de las redes sociales o falta de consciencia sobre sus repercusiones, que impiden a los jóvenes un desarrollo integral. Es necesario identificar factores intervinientes en el flujo y direccionalidad de estas contradicciones.
El estudio presentado sigue un diseño de investigación cuantitativo, de carácter no experimental, transversal, descriptivo, inferencial y correlacional. La técnica empleada ha sido la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado un cuestionario compuesto por preguntas de carácter sociodemográfico y seis escalas: motivación-evasión, motivación-autoexpresión, satisfacción-adicción, privacidad en redes sociales, imágenes/vídeos en red e impacto identidad digital. La muestra participante fue de 658 estudiantes de distintas universidades españolas. Los resultados evidencian una correlación con diferente grado de intensidad entre las seis escalas. Asimismo, la prueba de Kruskal Wallis evidenció que factores como el género, edad, frecuencia diaria de uso de redes sociales, número de seguidores, privacidad del perfil en redes, parecido entre la imagen real y virtual y conciencia social e imagen personal en las redes inciden en las seis dimensiones estudiadas.
Todo apunta a la necesidad de seguir trabajando en niveles universitarios sobre el uso que los estudiantes hacen de estas redes mediante la implementación de procesos de educomunicación, ya que la gestión de la privacidad, la autopresentación y la configuración de la identidad en estas redes son ámbitos necesarios y fundamentales en la sociedad.
Perspectivas y Agencia en la Comunicación para el Desarrollo y el Cambio Social en las Américas
Authors: Angel Adriana , Wolfe Anna Wiederhold , La Pastina Antonio
Published: March 2024

En un mundo en constante transformación resulta crucial analizar la manera como distintos agentes sociales comprenden el cambio social. En el ámbito de la comunicación, este concepto se encuentra intrínsecamente ligado a la tradición de la Comunicación para el Desarrollo y el Cambio Social (CDCS). Esta tradición ha evolucionado regionalmente, con aportes de autores Latinoamericanos y un menor protagonismo de autores norteamericanos, acusados de imponer modelos de desarrollo. En este contexto, dos preguntas dan lugar al presente estudio: ¿Cuáles son las relaciones de continuidad y disrupción que caracterizan las tendencias y enfoques predominantes en la conceptualización y práctica del cambio social en Angloamérica y América Latina? y, ¿cómo se relacionan las perspectivas académicas y las experiencias concretas de cambio social en el campo de la CDCS en las Américas? Para abordarlas, realizamos un scoping review que nos permite comparar la comprensión del cambio social entre académicos angloamericanos y latinoamericanos, así como su capacidad para materializar estas ideas como agentes de cambio. Los resultados nos llevan a discutir tres relaciones de continuidad y disrupción entre dos comunidades de práctica en las Américas: En primer lugar, los académicos latinoamericanos asocian el cambio social con la comunicación mediática y la diversidad en la representación simbólica de comunidades, mientras que los angloamericanos lo vinculan a la justicia social y el activismo político. En segundo lugar, ambos grupos difuminan la distinción entre desarrollo y cambio social al operacionalizar ambos en términos de bienestar y prosperidad de las comunidades. Finalmente, identificamos una ruptura en la organización disciplinar de la CDCS en ambas regiones.
Influencers virtuales de apariencia humana como forma de comunicación online: el caso de Lil Miquela y Lu do Magalu en Instagram.
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María Victoria , García García María , Corzo Cortés Lydia
Published: March 2024

La inteligencia artificial y la evolución de las redes sociales ha permitido la aparición de los influencers virtuales de apariencia humana sobre todo en Instagram. Estos se pueden definir como figuras diseñadas por ordenador que muestran en redes sociales una imagen similar a los humanos. Este artículo aplica un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo que tiene como objetivo analizar, mediante un estudio cualitativo que sigue el método de casos, la definición de qué son y cómo actúan en Instagram los influencers virtuales de apariencia humana. Además, también se ha analizado cómo funcionan estas figuras al trabajar con marcas como recursos publicitarios. Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto la forma en que estas figuras se comportan, y permiten a las marcas entender su funcionamiento como potentes soportes de comunicación empresarial. Además, se aporta un primer instrumento de estudio a través de dos fichas de análisis que parten de la literatura y de la observación del fenómeno en Instagram y que son aplicables a otros casos.
What does my technology facilitate`? A toolbox to help researchers understand the societal impact of a technology in the context of disasters
Authors: Kuratle Lorena Daphna , Dallo Irina , Marti Michèle , Michael Stauffacher
Published: March 2024

Disaster risk is increasing globally. Emerging technologies – Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, and remote sensing – are becoming more important in supporting disaster risk reduction and enhancing safety culture. Despite their presumed benefits, most research focuses on their technological potential, whereas societal aspects are rarely reflected. Taking a societal perspective is vital to ensure that these technologies are developed and operated in ways that benefit societies’ resilience, comply with ethical standards, are inclusive, and address potential risks and challenges. Therefore, we were particularly interested in understanding how societal impacts can be considered and leveraged throughout the development process. Based on an explorative literature review, we developed a toolbox for professionals working on emerging technologies in disaster risk reduction. By applying a Delphi study with experts on AI in seismology, we iteratively adapted and tested the toolbox. The results show that there is a need for guided reflection in order to foster discussion on the societal impacts. They further indicate a gap in the common understanding that is crucial for developing inclusive technologies or defining regulations. Our toolbox was found to be useful for professionals in reflecting on their developments and making technologies societally relevant, thereby enhancing societies’ resilience.
On Algebraic and Definable Closures for Theories of Abelian Groups
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pavlyuk In. I.
Published: March 2024

Classifying abelian groups and their elementary theories, a series of characteristics arises that describe certain features of the objects under consideration. Among these characteristics, an important role is played by Szmielew invariants, which define the possibilities of divisibility of elements, orders of elements, dimension of subgroups, and allow describing given abelian groups up to elementary equivalence. Thus, in terms of Szmielew invariants, the syntactic properties of Abelian groups are represented, i.e. properties that depend only on their elementary theories. The work, based on Szmielew invariants, provides a description of the behavior of algebraic and definable closure operators based on two characteristics: degrees of algebraization and the difference between algebraic and definable closures. Thus, possibilities for algebraic and definable closures, adapted to theories of Abelian groups, are studied and described. A theorem on trichotomy for degrees of algebraization is proved: either this degree is minimal, if in the standard models, except for the only two-element group, there are no positively finitely many cyclic and quasi-cyclic parts, or the degree is positive and natural, if in a standard model there are no positively finitely many cyclic and quasi-cyclic parts, except a unique copy of a two-element group and some finite direct sum of finite cyclic parts, and the degree is infinite if the standard model contains unboundedly many nonisomorphic finite cyclic parts or positively finitely many of copies of quasi-finite parts. In addition, a dichotomy of the values of the difference between algebraic closures and definable closures for abelian groups defined by Szmielew invariants for cyclic parts is established. In particular, it is shown that torsion-free abelian groups are quasi-Urbanik.
Studi Fenomenologi Tindakan Rasialisme Terhadap Mahasiswa Papua di Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Simbolon Arianro Agustinus Parmantoba , Simanjorang Jeffri Yosep , Wicaksono Kristian Widya
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mendalami bagaimana mahasiswa Papua di Yogyakarta memaknai pengalaman tindakan rasialisme yang mereka alami. Makna adalah suatu nilai yang timbul dari suatu peristiwa atau kejadian yang bisa memengaruhi perilaku atau perasaan dari individu yang pernah mengalaminya. Tindakan rasialisme yang dialami oleh mahasiswa Papua di Kota Yogyakarta telah mengubah cara mereka dalam berperilaku yang mana mereka harus membiasakan diri ketika mendapat perlakuan berbeda hanya karena bentuk ras yang berbeda dari kebanyakan orang yang ada dan juga harus terus beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitar yang terkadang menolak keberadaan mereka. Rendahnya pengetahuan tentang kebijakan yang melarang perbuatan diskriminasi rasialisme juga menjadikan mereka tidak bisa berbuat banyak ketika mereka mengalami perbuatan rasialisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan fenomenologi. Pendekatan kualitatif diterapkan agar jawaban dan pengalaman dari partisipan dapat dijadikan pusat eksplorasi dengan cara mendeskripsikan hasil dari temuan ke dalam bentuk penelitian. Penjelasan atau deskripsi secara struktural tentang pengalaman mahasiswa Papua yang tinggal di Kota Yogyakarta terkait dengan permasalahan tindakan rasialisme yang pernah mereka alami menjadi suatu kondisi yang mereka harus alami. Hal ini yang menyebabkan mereka merasa tidak percaya diri karena takut mengalami penolakan oleh masyarakat sekitar. Adanya kebijakan mengenai penghapusan diskriminasi juga tidak membuat banyak perubahan yang cukup signifikan, terbukti masih ada saja tindakan rasialisme yang mereka alami.
The Effect of Exercise-Induced Central Fatigue on Cervical Spine Joint Position Error, Strength, and Endurance
Authors: Vintimilla Antonio , Hooper Troy , James C. Roger , Lu Ho Cheng , Natesan Karthick , Kapila Jeegisha , Sizer Phil
Published: March 2024

Background

Fatigue is common in sports, impairing performance and increasing injury risk, yet little is known regarding fatigue and concussion. Impaired neck neuromuscular function may contribute to concussion at baseline, where central fatigue may further impair neck function resulting in increased concussion risk. These effects may be magnified in athletes with a history of concussion.

Purpose

To determine the effect of exercise induced central fatigue on neck joint position error, strength, and endurance in healthy subjects and those with a history of concussion. The investigators hypothesized that EICF would have a negative effect on all variables.

Study Design

Healthy subjects were examined using a single factor, within-subjects repeated measures design. Concussion history subjects were examined using a single-subject design.

Methods

Nineteen healthy subjects and five subjects with a history of concussion were recruited for the study. Cervical joint position error, muscle strength, and neck flexor endurance were tested before and after exercise induced fatigue.

Results

There was a significant increase in constant (p = 0.0027) and absolute joint position error (JPE) (p < 0.001); decrease in neck flexor endurance (p < 0.001); and decrease neck strength into cervical flexion (p = 0.01) in healthy subjects following fatigue. Among concussion history subjects, five demonstrated a significant increase in absolute and constant JPE (p < 0.05); four demonstrated a significant decrease in neck flexor endurance (p < 0.05); one in neck flexion muscle strength (p < 0.05); and three in neck extension and rotation muscle strength (p < 0.05) following fatigue.

Conclusions

Cervical neuromuscular function deteriorated following fatigue in healthy subjects. Resulting impairments may affect force alterations in cervical control, potentially increasing concussion risk. Concussion history subjects descriptively demonstrated similar results, however further research should examine formal comparisons involving subjects with and without concussion history.

Level of Evidence

3b
The Effect of Variations in Knee and Hip Angles on Electromyographic Activity of the Hamstrings and Related Muscles During the Nordic Hamstring Exercise
Authors: Keerasomboon Taspol , Soga Toshiaki , Hirose Norikazu
Published: March 2024

Background

The benefit of performing the Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) on an inclined board has been described, however, isometric hamstring activation in different knee and hip angles has not yet been thoroughly explored.

Purpose

This study investigated the effect of variations in knee and hip angles during the isometric performance of the NHE on electromyographic activity of the hamstring muscles.

Study design

Crossover study

Methods

Thirteen male volunteers performed isometric contractions during the NHE with the knee (30°, 50°, 60°) and the hip (0°, 30°, and 45°) in various angles of flexion on a leg support platform which was inclined at 30°. An electrical goniometer was used to monitor the knee and hip joint angles during 5-s isometric contractions. A multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare normalized electromyographic values of each muscle across different knee and hip angles, followed by pairwise comparisons.

Results

The electromyographic activity of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus at a knee angle of 30° and hip angle of 0° were significantly higher than those observed with a knee angle of 50° and hip angle of 0°, or a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 0° (p<0.05). The electromyographic activity of the semimembranosus at a knee angle of 60° and hip angle of 45° was significantly higher than values obtained with knee and hip angles of 60° and 0°, respectively (p<0.05).

Conclusions

The results indicate that using a knee flexion of 30° and a hip flexion of 0°, while isometrically performing the NHE on a platform inclined at 30°, may optimize electromyographic activity of the hamstrings.

Level of Evidence

3
Development and Feasibility of an Adolescent Dancer Screen
Authors: Schultz Kynaston , Sun Worrall Kathleen , Tawa Zoe , Binney Joanna , Boyle Jessica , Abbruzzese Laurel Daniels
Published: March 2024

Background

Adolescent dancers are at high risk for injuries due to the physical demands of dance training and the physiological changes that occur during adolescence. Though studies report high injury rates, there are few standardized screening tools available for adolescent dancers.

Hypothesis/Purpose

To develop and describe a standardized, feasible, evidence-based, and clinically relevant screen for adolescent dancers.

Study Design

Descriptive Epidemiology Study

Methods

Dancers at two suburban pre-professional dance studios, in two cohorts, participated in the Columbia Adolescent Dancer Screen (CADS) that includes dance injury history, health questionnaires (EAT-26, SF-36, DFOS), aerobic capacity, range of motion, strength, balance/orthopedic special tests, and dance technique. Participants were asked to complete a weekly injury surveillance questionnaire derived from the Dance-Specific Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems for 14 weeks following the screening. Feasibility was assessed using process and content analysis in four areas: practicality, demand, implementation, and adaptation.

Results

Descriptive data were collected from 32 female dancers aged 11-17 with cohort one averaging 18.57 dance hours per week and cohort two averaging 10.6 dance hours per week. The screen was practical, able to screen seven to eight dancers per hour utilizing nine assessors and requiring a one-hour commitment from dancers. Cost and space requirements were considered and kept to a minimum while utilizing portable equipment. All screening slots were filled with all dancers agreeing to follow-up injury surveillance, indicating high demand. The screen was implemented with two cohorts with revisions to improve efficiency applied for the second cohort.

Conclusion

The CADS is a feasible screening tool for adolescent dancers that overcomes barriers by being pragmatic, evidence-based, and efficient. Screening can be implemented to obtain baseline values, inform wellness recommendations, and establish relationships with medical professionals.

Level of Evidence

Level 3b
Effects of Verbal and Tactile Cues on Gluteal Force Production and Broad Jump Distance
Authors: Lehecka BJ , Daniels Terra , Koester Bryson , Kropp Wyatt , Reeves Matthew , Waterson Ryan
Published: March 2024

Background

Verbal and tactile cues can increase muscle activity, force production, and kinematics. Several studies demonstrate the effects of verbal and tactile cues on upper extremity muscles, while relatively few examined lower extremity muscles, specifically the gluteals. Studies that observed changes in gluteal function from verbal and tactile cues examined muscle activity via electromyography rather than force production or functional activities such as jumping.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of verbal and tactile cues on gluteal force production and broad jump distance.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional cohort

Methods

Gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance were tested in forty-two healthy male and female university students at baseline and after verbal and tactile cues given in random order. Gluteus maximus force was measured using handheld dynamometry and reported in kilograms. Verbal cues included “push, push, push” before both tests. The examiner provided tactile cues to the gluteus maximus before force production testing, and the participant provided tactile cues to both gluteus maximus muscles before performing the broad jump. Performance on the broad jump was measured in centimeters. Descriptive statistics and test-retest reliability via Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, differences in performance between sexes were analyzed with an independent t-test, and changes in force production and jump distance from baseline were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA.

Results

Mean gluteus maximus force production following verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 13.48% (3.83 kg) compared to the control condition, while gluteal force production following the tactile cues was not significantly different. Broad jump distance following the verbal cues significantly increased (p = 0.000) 3.99% (7.71 cm) compared to the control condition and significantly increased (p = 0.000) by 2.95% (5.71 cm) following the tactile cues. There were no significant differences in performances between males and females. The test-retest reliability of all measurements was 0.97-0.99.

Conclusion

Verbal cues significantly increased gluteus maximus force production and broad jump distance. Tactile cues significantly increased broad jump distance but had no significant effect on gluteus maximus force. These results have implications for clinical testing and athletic performance when gluteus maximus force and jump distance are concerned.

Level of Evidence

3