bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upstream proteolysis by Ste24 does not require a C-terminal methyl ester as revealed using 33-residue a-factor precursor peptide substrates synthesized via epimerization-free methods
Authors: Bader Taysir K. , Brown Shanica M. , Hrycyna Christine A. , Distefano Mark D.
Published: November 2024

Protein prenylation is a post-translational modification that links a specific cytosolic protein with a hydrophobic isoprenoid lipid resulting in membrane localization of the target protein. Following prenylation, some proteins undergo proteolytic removal of a C-terminal tripeptide. This step results in a protein terminating in a prenylcysteine residue that is subsequently methylated by the membrane-associated methyltransferase ICMT. In some cases, this proteolytic reaction is catalyzed by ZMPSTE24 in humans or Ste24 in yeast. The molecular recognition demonstrated by this family of proteases is intriguing as they also cleave at an unrelated additional site upstream from the C-terminus that has no obvious structural similarity. From a medical perspective, these events are particularly important for the posttranslational processing of protein lamin A, as mutations in ZMPSTE24 that impair its activity lead to accelerated premature aging progeroid diseases. A central question in the field regards the structure of the C-terminus of processed lamin A and whether methylation is essential for subsequent upstream cleavage. Herein, a series of 33-residue peptides based on the structure of the precursor for the peptide pheromone a-factor from yeast, a substrate for both Ste24 and ZMPSTE24. These peptides were synthesized with a fluorescent donor-quencher pair and incorporated either a C-terminal methyl ester to mimic the native substrate, a free acid to mimic an unmethylated peptide or an amide to mimic differently modified C-termini. Their preparation presented several synthetic challenges due to the presence of a C-terminal methyl ester, an epimerization-prone C-terminal cysteine and an acid-sensitive farnesyl group. The synthesis of those peptides and an analysis of their cleavage at the upstream site catalyzed by Ste24 are reported here. In vitro fluorescence-based proteolytic cleavage assays showed that all of these peptides were processed at similar rates, suggesting that C-terminal methylation is not a prerequisite for subsequent upstream proteolysis.
Correlation Between the Maxillary Sinuses and the Nasal Cavity: Impact of Anatomical Variations and Linear and Volumetric Tomographic Measurements
Authors: Souza Daniel Adrian Silva , Costa Fábio Wildson Gurgel , Silva Paulo Goberlânio Barros , Rebello Iêda Margarida Crusoé Rocha , Vasconcelos Taruska Ventorini , Neves Frederico Sampaio
Published: November 2024

Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity, as well as to assess the association of these dimensions with anatomical variations in the sinonasal region.
Methods This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study involving the analysis of multislice computed tomography (CT) images from 300 individuals. The volume of the maxillary sinuses was measured using a semi-automatic segmentation technique, while the dimensions of the nasal cavity were obtained through linear measurements between predefined anatomical landmarks. Seventeen anatomical variations were examined, and correlations between the maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity dimensions were analyzed using Spearman's correlation. Statistical tests such as Wilcoxon, Fisher’s exact/chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc were employed to assess associations and differences between sample variables, with a significance level set at 5%.
Results A statistically significant correlation was found between maxillary sinus volume and the height (ρ<0.001/r=0.486) and depth (ρ<0.001/r=0.334) of the nasal cavity, as well as with the height of the sinus ostium (ρ<0.001/r=0.389). No significant correlation was found between maxillary sinus volume and nasal cavity width (p=0.177). The most frequent anatomical variations were sinus septations (53.7%), middle concha bullosa (44.2%), and Haller cells (37.2%). No statistically significant difference was observed for side involvement in any of the variables analyzed (p>0.05).
Conclusion Individuals with larger maxillary sinuses tend to have a larger nasal cavity. Additionally, certain anatomical variations show a positive relationship with larger maxillary sinuses and nasal cavities.
Endoscopic stenting of a fully covered self-expandable metal stent with a hole in each cavity in malignant hilar biliary obstruction: A preclinical proof-of-concept study and initial human experience
Authors: Lee Jungnam , Jeong Seok , Lee Don Haeng , Lim Jung-Hyun , Kobayashi Makoto , Takenaka Mamoru , Kwon Chang-Il
Published: November 2024

Background and Aim
Stent placement for biliary drainage in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) has been a topic of long-standing debate, and the best approach remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and removability of multi-hole fully covered self-expandable metal stents (MH-FCSEMSs) in a preclinical experiment using swine hilar bile duct obstruction (HBDO) models and to assess the feasibility and safety of stent placement in patients with MHBO.
Methods
Three minipigs underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided endobiliary-radio frequency ablation (EB-RFA) to establish Bismuth type II hilar bile duct stenosis models. Four weeks after EB-RFA, 10 mm-diameter and 4 cm-length MH-FCSEMSs were endoscopically inserted into the left intrahepatic bile duct of the models. Stent patency and migration, as well as adverse events including cholangitis and endoscopic stent removability, were assessed three months after stent placement. Additionally, clinical applications of MH-FCSEMS were performed in two patients with MHBO to determine feasibility, safety, and stent patency.
Results
MH-FCSEMSs were successfully inserted into the left main intrahepatic bile duct and common hepatic duct of the models under ERCP in all three animals without any technical difficulties. Cholangiograms performed 12 weeks after MH-FCSEMS placement showed no stent migration, and all were successfully removed from the animal models. The functional success rate, defined as a decrease in serum total bilirubin level of more than 50% at 12 weeks after stent placement, was 100%. Moreover, MH-FCSEMSs were successfully inserted in two patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The procedures were technically feasible, and no major periprocedural complications were noted.
Conclusion
The preliminary long-term results of both preclinical and clinical pilot studies suggest that endoscopic biliary drainage using MH-FCSEMS may be a safe and effective treatment option for stenting and stent revision in the management of HBDO. Further studies comparing clinical outcomes to those of MH-FCSEMSwithout multi-hole in malignant hilar biliary obstruction will be needed to verify the clinical benefits.
Chinese Rural Children’s Video Game Disorder: Processes, Harms and Causes
Authors: Bao Kaixin , Wu Shujie , Oubibi Mohamed , Cai Lianyu
Published: November 2024

Video game disorder among children in rural China has become a prominent social concern. Through data collection and in-depth analysis, this study aims to explore the processes, harms and causes of video game disorder among children from rural primary schools in China. Between August 15, 2022, and March 25, 2023, with the consent of the participants and their parents, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 sixth-grade students, 7 parents, and 7 teachers from 5 primary schools in rural areas. Employing the Grounded Theory method, we carried out three-level coding to analyze the interview data. The study found that children's video game disorder goes through four processes: entering - immersing - exiting - re-entering video games. Our analysis shows that video game disorder has a negative impact on children in four key aspects: cognition, physical and mental health, educational outcomes, and parent-child interaction. The causes involve the popularization of video game equipment, the deficiency of rural cultural infrastructure, incorrect guidance from parents and peers, as well as children's experiences in video games. Resolving children's video game disorder requires the joint efforts of families, schools, communities, and the whole society.
Semi-supervised attribute selection for partially labeled multiset-valued data
Authors: He Yuanzi , He Jiali , Liu Haotian , Li Zhaowen
Published: November 2024

In machine learning, when part of the data with labels needs to be pro- cessed, it is termed as a semi-supervised learning algorithm. Dataset with missing attribute values or labels is referred to as incomplete information sys- tem. Addressing incomplete information within a system poses a significant challenge, which can be effectively tackled through the application of rough set theory (R-theory). However, R-theory has its limits, it fails to consider the frequency of an attribute value and then can not well fit the distribu- tion of attribute values. If we consider partially labeled data and replace a missing attribute value with the multiset of all possible attribute values under the same attribute, then it leads to the emergence of partially labeled multiset-valued data. In semi-supervised learning algorithm, in order to save time and cost, a large number of redundant features need to be deleted. This paper studies semi-supervised attribute selection (ss-attribute selec- tion) for partially labeled multiset-valued data. Initially, a partially labeled multiset-valued decision information system (p-MSVDIS) is partitioned into two distinct systems: a labeled multiset-valued decision information system (l-MSVDIS) and an unlabeled multiset-valued decision information system (u-MSVDIS). Subsequently, using the indistinguishable relation, distinguish- able relation, and dependence function, two types of attribute subset impor- tance in a p-MSVDIS are defined. They are the weighted sum of l-MSVDIS and u-MSVDIS determined by the missing rate of labels and can be regarded as a uncertainty measurement (UM) of a p-MSVDIS. Next, an adaptive ss- attribute selection algorithm for a p-MSVDIS is introduced, leveraging the degrees of importance, allowing for automatic adaptation to diverse missing rates. Finally, 10 datasets are used for experiment and statistical analysis, the outcomes show the proposed algorithm has their advantage than some algorithms.
A Benchmark for Math Misconceptions: Bridging Gaps in Middle School Algebra with AI-Supported Instruction
Authors: Otero Nancy , Druga Stefania , Lan Andrew
Published: November 2024

This study introduces an evaluation benchmark for middle school algebra tobe used in artificial intelligence(AI) based educational platforms. The goal is tosupport the design of AI systems that can enhance learners’ conceptual under-standing of algebra by taking into account learners’ current level of algebracomprehension. The dataset comprises of 55 algebra misconceptions, commonerrors and 220 diagnostic examples identified in prior peer-reviewed studies. Weprovide an example application using GPT-4, observing a range of precisionand recall scores depending on the topic and experimental setup reaching 83.9%when including educators’ feedback and restricting it by topic. We found thattopics such as ratios and proportions prove as difficult for GTP-4 as they arefor students. We included a human assessment of GPT-4 results and feedbackfrom five middle school math educators on the clarity and occurrence of the mis-conceptions in the dataset and the potential use of AI in conjunction with thedataset. Most educators (80% or more) indicated that they encounter these mis-conceptions among their students, suggesting the dataset’s relevance to teachingmiddle school algebra. Despite varied familiarity with AI tools, four out of fiveeducators expressed interest in using the dataset with AI to diagnose students’misconceptions or train teachers. The results emphasize the importance of topic-constrained testing, the need for multimodal approaches, and the relevance ofhuman expertise in gaining practical insights when using AI for human learning.
Portability of Short Term Wind Power Forecasting
Authors: Deignan Cian , Sopeña Juan Gonzalez , Ghosh Bidisha , Pakrashi Vikram
Published: November 2024

Wind power forecasting (WPF) plays an increasingly important role in integrating wind power into electricity systems. The porta-bility of state-of-the-art WPF methods is assessed in this paper; the goal is to explore the influence of model hyperparameter configuration on forecasting performance. The overall aim is to expand understanding of WPF methods in order to improve the reliability and competitiveness of wind energy generation technologies.
The performance of two hybrid decomposition-based WPF methods are evaluated and compared, Variational Mode Decomposition & Feed Forward Neural Network (VMD-FFNN) and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition & Feed Forward Neural Network (EEMD-FFNN). Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data from wind farms in Ireland and the UK is utilised. The robustness and portability of the WPF methods when applied to different datasets is examined.
Both WPF methods produce robust and accurate forecasts across different datasets however, forecasts produced using low-resolution data are superior to high-resolution data forecasts. In the portability assessment, the forecasting performance is sensitive to two of the four model hyperparameters examined.
Introduction of a Novel Sunflower-Inspired Honeycomb Structure with Enhanced Energy Absorption Capacity under In-Plane Loading
Authors: Sarkhosh Reza
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel sunflower-inspired gradient structure where the size of hexagonal cells changes with a specific gradient in the radial direction. Subsequently, the crashworthiness and deformation performance of this structure were compared and analyzed with conventional honeycomb structures in both hollow and PU foam-filled states. In this research, specimens were first fabricated using additive manufacturing with PLA + material. After injecting polyurethane foam into the void spaces between cells, the specimens were subjected to quasi-static compressive loading in the in-plane direction at a 5 mm/min rate. The results showed that the sunflower-inspired honeycomb structure has significantly better crashworthiness and specific energy absorption properties than the conventional one. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the gradient design of cell sizes in the radial direction can lead to a 35% increase in specific energy absorption and a 20% increase in mean crushing force, along with a 143% improvement in crushing force efficiency, indicating enhanced performance in protective applications. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the presence of foam can improve the performance of honeycomb structures. According to the results, foam-filled conventional honeycomb and sunflower-inspired honeycomb structures show increases of 43% and 41% in specific energy absorption, 82% and 89% in energy absorption and mean crushing force, and 23% and 10% in crushing force efficiency, respectively. The results indicate that the gradient design of cell sizes in the radial direction and the injection of PU foam into lattice structures can serve as a reference for designing energy absorbers with high-crashworthiness properties for various industries.
Inhibition of skin fibrosis via regulation of Th17/Treg imbalance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Sekiguchi Akiko , Shimokawa Chikako , Kato Tamotsu , Uchiyama Akihiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Ogino Sachiko , Torii Ryoko , Hisaeda Hajime , Ohno Hiroshi , Motegi Sei-ichiro
Published: November 2024

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic systemic connective tissue disorder characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, with growing interest in the imbalance between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the disease's pathogenesis. Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp), a natural intestinal parasite of mice, is known to induce Tregs in the host. We aimed to investigate the effects of Hp-induced Tregs on bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and clarify the role of the Th17/Treg balance in SSc fibrosis. Infection with Hp suppressed the development of bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and the infiltration of CD3+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Hp infection increased Tregs and inhibited the induction of bleomycin-induced Th17 cells. Treg depletion nullified these effects, suggesting that Hp-induced Tregs may prevent bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis and inflammation. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that bacteria positively correlated with Tregs exhibited a negative correlation with Th17 cells and dermal fibrosis in mice. SSc patients with severe fibrosis displayed a distinct microbiota profile. These results suggest that alterations in the intestinal microbiota may contribute to the Th17/Treg imbalance in SSc and its progression. Enhancing Tregs to regulate the Th17/Treg imbalance may present a promising strategy for suppressing fibrosis in SSc.
Study on the Overburden Movement Law in Strip Filling Mining of Upward Mining Faces
Authors: Huang Lingjin , Guan Weiming , Guan Yu , Zhao Hongchao , Zhang Zhiyi , Wen Yingyuan
Published: November 2024

Strip filling mining can effectively improve the recovery rate of coal resources and promote the healthy development of the coal industry. To explore the movement patterns of overburden in strip filling mining, this study takes a mine in Tuokexun as the research object and employs theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and similar experiments to investigate the stability of the composite structure in upward mining faces and the stress distribution and fracture characteristics of the overburden at different stages of strip filling mining. The results indicate that when the width of the isolation coal pillar is set at 15 m and the filling body width is 150 m, a stable supporting structure can be formed. During the filling mining stage, the range of overburden damage presents an upward-tilting trapezoidal distribution, yet remains overall intact, significantly reducing the probability of impact hazards. In the collapsed mining stage, the initial fracture step distances of the immediate roof and basic roof are 40 m and 80 m, respectively, with a periodic fracture step distance of 20 m. The overburden displacement is relatively gentle, and the degree of stress concentration is low, which is beneficial for the stability and safety of underground mining.
Reorganization of orbitofrontal neuronal clusters induced by neuromodulation of dopamine D2 receptor reverses risk-prone behavior in male rats with inflammatory pain
Authors: Dourado Margarida , Cardoso-Cruz Helder , Monteiro Clara , Galhardo Vasco
Published: November 2024

Dopamine (DA) is believed to play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the rodent orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) networks during risk-based decision-making processes. Chronic pain conditions can lead to impaired DAergic signaling, which, in turn, may affect the motivational control of risk-based responses. Nevertheless, the neural mechanisms underlying this instability are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether this impairment is dependent on the activity of the DA D2 receptor (D2r). To address this hypothesis, we implanted bilateral matrices of multielectrodes into the OFC of male rats and recorded the neural activity while they performed a food-reinforced rodent gambling task (rGT). We evaluated behavioral performance and neural activity patterns before and after inducing a model of inflammatory pain – complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model. Our findings revealed that rats treated with CFA exhibited an abnormal preference for the large/uncertain reward during rGT performance. This altered behavioral choice profile could be reversed by prior systemic administration of D2r ligands (0.05 mg/kg, quinpirole or raclopride), indicating a potential role of D2r in the decision-making process required for this task. The administration of these ligands at the specified dosages did not affect pain responses, but lead to a significant reorganization of OFC neuronal clusters that support goal-directed choice responses in the rGT. Finally, we found evidence that CFA-treated rats exhibit OFC functional changes, namely an upregulation of DA D1 receptor (D1r) and a downregulation of DA beta-hydroxylase (DH). These results demonstrate that the disruption of DAergic balance in the OFC networks is crucial for the development of high-risk decision profiles during painful conditions.
The use of laser-assisted cart positioning significantly reduces the docking time of multimodular robotic systems
Authors: Baunacke Martin , Hirtsiefer Christopher , Herout Roman , Mehralivand Sherif , Oelkers Susanne , Kaske Oliver , Franz Claudia , Thomas Christian
Published: November 2024

Background
The Hugo RAS system is characterized by its multimodular design, which leads to an increased docking effort. Exact data for docking time and the learning curve is missing. We describe for the first time the use of a laser-guided cart positioning to reduce the docking time.
Methods
In this prospective monocentric study, the docking time was evalutated for a consecutive series of pelvic surgeries with the Hugo RAS system. In a subgroup, a cross-line laser was adapted at the cart for positioning using fix points at the ceiling. The medical personnel were classified as “inexperienced” with ≤ 5 consecutive dockings and as “experienced” with > 5 consecutive dockings.
Results
From 10/2023 to 08/2024, 82 procedures were performed with the Hugo RAS. For the evaluation 75 procedures could be considered. The mean docking time was 7.6 ± 3.5 min. There was a reduction in docking time from 13.5 ± 3.7 min in the first 5 procedures to 4.4 ± 0.9 min in the last 5 procedures (p < 0.001). Docking with laser (n = 45) was faster than without laser (n = 30) (6.2 ± 2.5 vs. 9.8 ± 3.7 min, p < 0.001). Faster docking time was observed with inexperienced surgical nursing staff with laser than without laser (10.4 ± 3.7 vs. 5.4 ± 1.4 min; p < 0.001). With experienced nursing staff, the laser had no influence (6.6 ± 1.3 vs. 6.7 ± 2.9 min; p = 0.9). As a reference docking time for daVinci Xi procedures was 2.4 ± 1.7 min (n = 5).
Conclusion
Laser-guided cart positioning has a significant impact on docking time, especially for unexperienced medical personnel. Especially in the times of experienced staff shortage, laser-guided cart positioning can save operating time.
Preoperative malnutrition is a risk factor for prolonged postoperative ileus for patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Zhu Zhenming , He Baoguo , He Juan , Ma Xuan , Gao Qun , Huang Yinghui , Chu Yuning , Ma Li
Published: November 2024

Background
Prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI), a common complication after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, seriously affects the postoperative recovery rate. However, there are few previous studies on the effect of preoperative nutritional status on the occurrence of PPOI in patients with GI cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the value of preoperative nutritional status for predicting the occurrence of PPOI in patients undergoing GI surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of GI cancer patients who were admitted to our hospital between June 2021 and June 2023. The nutritional status of all patients was assessed using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). The independent risk factors for PPOI identified via univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to establish nomogram for the prediction of PPOI.
Results
The clinical data of 310 patients with GI cancer who underwent surgical resection were analysed. PG-SGA score, serum albumin concentration, haemoglobin concentration, operation time, tumour stage, and previous abdominal surgery are independent risk factors for PPOI. The nomogram developed to predict PPOI performed well (AUC = 0.835). The calibration curve showed high consistency between the observed and predicted results. The decision curve analysis (DCA) revealed that the nomogram was clinically useful. The predictive ability of this nomogram is better than that of albumin level and PG-SGA score.
Conclusion
The preoperative nutritional status of GI cancer patients has a significant effect on the occurrence of PPOI. The nomogram developed in this study accurately predicted PPOI in GI surgery patients.
Effects of novice developed TIG welding parameters on the microstructures and hardness of API 5L X65 High-Strength Low-Alloy (HSLA) Steel
Authors: Ahmad Arsalan , Iqbal Shanail , Bilal Sammama , Khan Umar
Published: November 2024

API 5L X65 is a commonly utilized pipeline material for gas transportation by Sui Northern Gas Pipelines (SNGPL) Private Limited, which employs submerged arc welding (SAW). Three samples, sourced from in-service seamless pipe with a 3x6 inches cross-section, were subjected to TIG welding experiments. Basic techniques, including gas, lathe, shaper, and hacksaw cuttings, were employed to prepare the samples. The microstructural analysis and hardness test results indicated that the lowest current was optimal, as per Ohm's law (V = IR). The low current in amperes (A) and high resistance resulted in a higher melting temperature, increasing molten puddle flowability and ease of control. Conversely, high current welding (120 A) led to the formation of porosity defects, as confirmed by radiographic tests, which also showed a lack of penetration (LOP). The hardness testing further supported HV (HRB) scale values for the low current welded samples, while the high current welded sample exhibited poor hardness due to low temperatures and insufficient weld zone fusion. In summary, the results from microstructural analysis, radiographic testing, and hardness testing, all indicate that TIG welding is a suitable procedure for repairing API 5L X65 steel due to the ease of controlling microstructures at low currents in the weldment.
EF-RT-DETR: A Efficient Focused Real-Time DETR Model for Pavement Diseases Detection
Authors: Han Tao , Hou Shuainan , Gao Can , Xu Shanyong , Pang Jiale , Gu Hai , Huang Yourui
Published: November 2024

Pavement disease classification and localisation is the key to intelligent road health monitoring. Aiming at the problems of complex road background, various shapes of disease objects and high hardware resource requirements. An efficient focusing real-time DETR pavement diseases detection model (EF-RT-DETR) is proposed.Firstly, based on RT-DETR, a DBBNCSPELAN backbone network is designed for capturing fine features. Secondly, the feature focusing module is used to replace the AIFI module to effectively reduce the noise impact and improve the local detail processing. Finally, the Efficient Multi-Feature Fusion module is used in the feature fusion stage to facilitate the interaction between local and global features. On RDD2022, the experimental results show that EF-RT-DETR improves 9.5% and 7.1% relative to RT-DETR on mAP$50 and mAP50:95, respectively, with a 34.7% reduction in computation and a 22.0% reduction in the number of parameters, which achieves real-time and accurate detection of pavement diseases.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 68T07 · 68U10 · 68T05
A pyrene-derived fluorescent probe for the visual detection of protamine and trypsin activity
Authors: Xiong Longjun , Jiao Yutian , Liu Yu , Wei Gongli , Xu Baocai , Zhao Li
Published: November 2024

A pyrene-derived fluorescent probe (P4CG) was designed and synthesized for the purpose of detecting protamine and trypsin activity. The anionic probe self-assembled with protamine, driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, exhibiting a sensing behavior towards protamine in a fluorescence ratiometric manner. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 13.8 ng/mL, and exhibited selectivity in the HEPES buffer solution. Moreover, the P4CG-protamine complex enables the monitoring of trypsin activity with satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity. The presence of the trypsin inhibitor resulted in the inhibition of the hydrolysis of protamine, which in turn led to a diminished fluorescence recovery. Consequently, this assay can be employed for the screening of trypsin inhibitors.
Finite element method and experimental research on the temperature field of GH4169 in robotic belt grinding
Authors: Zu Xinpeng , Wang Yifei , Gong Yadong , Liu Mingjun , Li Zeming , Sun Yao , Zhao Jibin
Published: November 2024

Robotic belt grinding has become an important method for precision machining because of its flexibility, high efficiency, and high machining accuracy. However, in the grinding process, heat accumulates and creates thermal stresses in the cutting zone, which leads to an increase in workpiece temperature. In this paper, the whole robotic belt grinding process is discretized into a macroscopic tool-workpiece contact process finite element model, a microscopic mechanical-thermal coupling cutting zone temperature field model, and a macroscopic workpiece temperature field model. The normal load curve of single abrasive particle accumulation and the temperature distribution curve of the cutting zone serves as the interface connecting these three different scale models. The proposed FEM model is verified by the robotic belt grinding experiment. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results, with an average prediction error of 3.16%. The research can lay a theoretical foundation for the prediction of grinding temperature distribution.
Effect of post-harvest processing on nutritional and antioxidant activities of Ulva sp. originating from Bangladesh
Authors: Mojumder Suman , Barua Oishee , Sharma Rahul , Akhter Yeasmin , Sikdar Dwaipayan , Roy Sajal , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Roy Uttam Kumer
Published: November 2024

To optimize the utility of seaweeds, post-harvest processing is typically essential, serving to prevent decay, extend shelf life, and facilitate the extraction of specific chemical components. In this study, the presence of a variety of nutritionally important compounds in Ulva sp. (grown locally in Bangladesh) was investigated following different treatments: washing with fresh water (fresh), followed by air drying and oven drying. The analysis encompassed the determination of proximate composition (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, ash, and moisture), elements (C, H, N, S and P), minerals (K, Ca, Mg and Fe), potential bioactive compounds (phenolics, flavonoids, chlorophyll and carotenoids), and in vitro antioxidant activities. The findings indicated that fresh samples exhibited higher levels of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. The highest levels of primary metabolites [carbohydrates (50.03 ± 1.74%, DW), protein (11.02 ± 2.35%, DW), lipid (4.16 ± 0.07%,, DW)], pigments [chlorophyll (0.602 ± 0.012%, DW), carotenoid (0.057 ± 0.005%, DW)], moisture (90.28 ± 0.0%) and antioxidant activities [total antioxidant capacity (10.2 ± 0.20 mgAAE/g, DW), reducing power (0.26 ± 0.02 mgAAE/g, DW), ferric reducing antioxidant power (29.61 ± 2.02 mmol Fe2+/g, DW)] were observed in fresh samples. Air-dried and oven-dried samples showed no significant differences in concentrations of these phytochemicals and antioxidant activities except that phenolic and flavonoid contents. Ulva sp. also showed having a notable amount of certain elements [C (27.02 ± 2.01%), H (5.56 ± 0.38%), N (3.48 ± 0.19%), S (5.95 ± 0.32%) and P (0.91 ± 0.02%)] and minerals [K (0.67 ± 0.01%), Ca (0.94 ± 0.13%), Mg (0.59 ± 0.01%) and Fe (0.21 ± 0.01%)]. In conclusion, fresh Ulva sp. could be more preferable to retain nutritional qualities compared to an air-dried or oven-dried processed sample.
New Resistorless Sinusoidal Oscillator using Single Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifier
Authors: Krishna Motkuri , Nagar Bal Chand
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the authors design a voltage-mode sinusoidal oscillator using a voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA). The proposed design uses a single VDTA and two grounded capacitors respectively. The proposed oscillator is resistorless, which eases effortless fabrication. The proposed circuit is electronically tunable, with independent control of the frequency of oscillation and condition of oscillation. Moreover, various performance parameters such as sensitivity, non-ideality, and frequency stability analysis of the proposed sinusoidal oscillator are also discussed. Simulation results are carried out in the Cadence Virtuoso EDA tool (180 nm gpdk CMOS technology parameter) with a supply voltage of ± 0.9 V and a bias current of 150 µA is used. The results show that the proposed circuit works well and the result matches the theory.
A Robot-Oriented Competitive Algorithm for Path Planning Research
Authors: Wu Yingnian , Shiwei Gao , Tan Hao , Wang Hao , Chen Wenbai
Published: November 2024

In warehouse environments, due to complex terrains and the numerous task points that robots need to execute, it is essential to reasonably arrange the robots' movement paths during actual operations. This approach can effectively enhance the robots' execution speed and operational efficiency while reducing collision risks, thereby ensuring collision-free navigation and optimal path planning for the robots in the warehouse. It also significantly reduces energy and time costs, making warehouse management more efficient and intelligent. The novel algorithm this paper introduces draws on the interactions and relationships between competitors and winners in competitive systems, applying these principles to robot path planning. Experiments were designed to compare its performance with other algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms most existing algorithms regarding solution quality.
Prediction of Wall-Pressure Fluctuations in Channel Flow Using a Hybrid RANS-LES Model with a Wall Function
Authors: Lane Graeme , Croaker Paul , Alenius Emma , Winroth Marcus , Abanteriba Sylvester , Ding Yan
Published: November 2024

Pressure fluctuations at a surface beneath a turbulent boundary layer are of interest in a wide range of engineering applications as a basis for quantifying vibration and flow noise. Pressure fluctuations can be predicted using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), but the computational cost of conventional wall-resolved LES is excessive due to the very small mesh spacings required for the inner boundary layer. To reduce the number of mesh cells, wall-modelling techniques may be introduced. In this study, the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (IDDES) model was investigated as a wall modelling technique using channel flow as a test case, and its performance was compared with wall-resolved LES and wall-modelling based on a wall function. Previous investigations of IDDES, have typically assessed the accuracy of the method in terms of velocity statistics only. However, predictions of the wall-pressure fluctuations were also assessed in this study. Mesh refinement was investigated as a means to improve accuracy. However, IDDES was also combined with a wall function, allowing coarser wall-normal mesh spacings. With these modifications, the wall-pressure wavenumber and frequency spectra could be predicted fairly accurately over a wide range, for friction velocity Reynolds numbers from 2000 to 8000.
CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland exhibit mesenchymal stem cell characteristics
Authors: Shindo Ayano , Azuma Morio , Fujiwara Ken , Yoshida Saishu , Horiguchi Kotaro
Published: November 2024

Adult tissue stem cells of the anterior pituitary gland, CD9/SOX2-positive cells, are believed to exist in the marginal cell layer (MCL) bordering the residual lumen of the Rathke’s pouch. These cells migrate from the intermediate lobe side of the MCL (IL-MCL) to the anterior lobe side of the MCL and may be involved in supplying hormone-producing cells. Previous studies reported that some SOX2-positive cells of the anterior lobe differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. These findings suggest that CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the anterior pituitary have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) properties. To substantiate this hypothesis, we examined whether CD9-positive cells isolated from IL-MCL of adult male rats differentiate into mesenchymal cells, such as endothelial cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the CD9-positive cells were positive for the MSC markers, CD349, CD105, CD271, and CD273 and were detected in the early postnatal period at the boundary between the posterior and intermediate lobes but not in the embryonic period. In addition, some adult tissue stem cells derived from external tissues were positive for both CD9 and MSC markers, indicating that few CD9/SOX2-positive cells in the IL-MCL of the pituitary gland are MSCs that invaded from external tissues during pituitary development in the early postnatal period and exist in the adult tissue stem cells as suppliers of hormone-producing and endothelial cells in the anterior lobe. These finding should have implications for application of CD9/SOX2-positive cells in regenerative therapy of the pituitary.
Association of trajectories of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus and the mediation of gestational weight gain: a multicenter cohort study in China
Authors: Yang Jichun , Qu Yimin , Zhan Yongle , Li Xiaoxiu , Man Dongmei , Wu Hongguo , Huang Ping , Jiang Yu , Ma Haihui
Published: November 2024

Background: This study aimed to explore associations between trajectories of combined healthy lifestyle scores from first to second trimester and the risk of GDM and to explore the potential mediation effects of eGWG.
Methods: 7732 pregnant women were included in 24 hospitals from 15 provinces in China from 2017 and followed up to 2018. Healthy lifestyle behaviors included non-smoking, non-alcoholic drink, consuming a healthy diet, exercising regularly, having a low stress level and good sleep. Association between healthy lifestyle scores, eGWG and GDM were with and group-based trajectory modelling (GBTM), logistic regression and mediation analysis.
Results: GBTM identified five trajectories: compared with persistently low-stable trajectory of healthy lifestyle scores, women with moderate-stable (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.80), high-falling (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.79), low-rising (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40-0.73), and high-stable trajectory (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44-0.68) had a decreased risk of GDM; 14.02% (95% CI: 5.32%-56.24%), 16.11% (95% CI: 3.13%-60.54%), 13.71% (95% CI: 4.38%-58.95%) and 7.13% (95% CI: 1.83%-32.53%) of the associations, respectively, were mediated by eGWG.
Conclusion: Adherence to multiple healthy lifestyle behaviors from first to second trimester was associated with low risk of GDM, and it was partially mediated by eGWG.
Fault location of active distribution network hierarchical model based on AC-DBO
Authors: Min Zhao , Zhihui Kang
Published: November 2024

Aiming at the problems such as slow convergence speed, precocious convergence and poor fault tolerance performance of Dung beetle optimizer (DBO) algorithm in solving active distribution network fault location, a fault location method of active distribution network hierarchical model based on Adaptive Chaotic DBO (AC-DBO) algorithm is proposed. Firstly, an improved Tent chaotic map is introduced to initialize the population, so as to improve the distribution quality of the initial population in the search space and improve its global search efficiency. Secondly, the adaptive T-distribution mutation strategy is integrated into the location update of dung beetles to enhance the global exploration and local development capabilities of the algorithm. Finally, the equivalent hierarchical model of active distribution network is established by referring to the ‘black box’ processing method, which reduces the solving dimension of the algorithm and improves the location rate. The simulation results show that compared with the AC-DBO algorithm without hierarchical processing and the DBO algorithm plus hierarchical strategy, the AC-DBO hierarchical location model has obvious advantages in solving speed, accuracy and fault tolerance, which is especially suitable for solving the fault location problem of active distribution network.
Contingency Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for Enhanced Resilience in Islanded Microgrids
Authors: Lone Ashiq Hussain , Gupta Neeraj
Published: November 2024

In order to ensure the reliability and security of islanded microgrids, contingency analysis is an important aspect. In the present study, we investigate the N-1 and N-2 contingency criteria in is-landed microgrids using the modified decoupled Newton-Raphson power flow method. Islanded microgrids, which operate autonomously of the main grid, have specific difficulties in preserving stability and dependability, especially when handling component failures. The N-1 contingency criterion considers the impact of losing a single component, such as a generator or transmission line, while the N-2 contingency criterion accounts for the simultaneous loss of two components. The approach put out in this study takes apparent power overloading and voltage violations into account simultaneously. The proposed approach has been applied on three distinct systems to verify its effectiveness. The distributed energy resources, have been integrated through sophisticated monitoring and control systems, and optimized the microgrid configuration using dynamic reconfiguration techniques to reduce the impact of various contingencies on voltage stability, frequency regulation, and overall system dependability. The cuckoo optimisation algorithm has been employed to determine the optimal droop coefficients, ensuring uniform load sharing among the distributed generators. This study has identified critical gaps and provided recommendations for enhancing resilience.
Direct approach to pulse dipolar spectroscopy measurement of mean distance between spins by electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Nekrasov V. M. , Matveeva A. G. , Syryamina V. N. , Agarkin S. A. , Bowman M. K.
Published: November 2024

An analytical approach is demonstrated for the direct calculation of the mean distance between a pair of spins from pulse dipolar spectroscopy measurements by electron paramagnetic resonance. This direct approach uses the Mellin integral transform and does not measure the spectrum of distances between spins, offering substantial increases in sensitivity. The approach provides accurate a priori prediction of the uncertainty for a mean distance measurement, based only on experimental measurement parameters and the final signal-to-noise ratio. The feasibility of this approach is confirmed by comparison with the standard indirect approaches using a set of in silico measurements. The new approach demonstrates comparable accuracy and possibilities for enhancing sensitivity.
Anticancer Potential of Berberine and Baicalin: Evaluating Their Effects on Cell Viability and Oxidative Stress in PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cell
Authors: Özbolat Gülüzar , Alizade Ares
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study investigated the effects of berberine and baicalin, both individually and in combination, on cell proliferation and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of berberine, baicalin or their
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effects of these treatments on cell viability were assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISAs) assays were also used to measure levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 activity in PC-3 cell lines. The study also assessed the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes involved in reducing oxidative stress.
RESULTS
Increasing concentrations of berberine, baicalin and their combination significantly reduced PC-3 cell proliferation. Both single and combined treatment with berberine and baicalin significantly increased caspase-3 activity and Bax levels, while substantially decreasing intracellular Bcl-2 levels. In addition, the treatments led to a significant increase in SOD and catalase activity, suggesting a reduction in oxidative stress.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that berberine and baicalin, together with their synergistic combination, inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced apoptotic activity and improved modulation of oxidative stress in prostate cancer cells.
Integrating Clinical Psychology Interns in Primary Care: Perceptions from Healthcare Providers in Puerto Rico
Authors: Cappas Nydia M , Ortiz Nydia , Hoyos Viviana , Toro Valerie
Published: November 2024

This study explores healthcare professionals' perceptions of integrating clinical psychology interns in primary care settings in Puerto Rico. The authors conducted an exploratory study using secondary survey data from 2020 to 2021, involving 91 participants from medical and nursing professions in seven primary care clinics and one general hospital. Quantitative measures included a survey based on the GATHER framework of Primary Care Behavioral Health. Survey responses were based on a 5-point Likert scale. Qualitative data were analyzed for themes. Quantitative data showed high satisfaction with the interns across disciplines, with an average score of 4.75. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences between professions in two survey items: "I have discussed cases with psychology interns" (H = 20.82, p < .001) and "I have seen patients with psychology interns" (H = 11.27, p = .046). Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests indicated significant differences between family medicine and nursing (U = 251.0, p<.001), general medicine and nursing (U = 140.5, p = 0.003), and nursing and pediatrics (U = 45.0, p = 0.034). Additional significant differences were found in familiarity with interns and ease of referring patients based on years working at the clinic. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses identified themes of professionalism, flexibility, collaboration, and positive patient impact. The findings highlight the positive perceptions of healthcare professionals regarding the integration of clinical psychology interns, reflecting the effective advancement of interprofessional care. Limitations and implications for behavioral health are discussed.
Use of the Theory of Critical Distances in Predicting Medium Cycle Fatigue Failure in Five-axis Ball End Milled Components
Authors: Fazili Zayeem , Barrans Simon
Published: November 2024

While casting may have historically been used to make components with free-form surfaces, five-axis milling with ball end cutters is becoming increasingly common. Although this form of production enables the use of more robust billet material rather than cast material, it generates identifiable machining cusps on the component's surface. This paper investigates the use of the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) to predict the fatigue life of five-axis machined components. TCD's Point Method (PM) and Line Method (LM) have been adapted to treat the machining cusps as stress raisers. This has been incorporated with the Medium Cycle Fatigue (MCF) procedure of TCD to predict the life of specimens machined with distinct tool sizes. The predictions obtained were found to be conservative.