bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplikasi Ligan NH3 dan Fenantrolin pada Pembentukan Kompleks Kobalt sebagai Atom Pusat: Alternatif Dekonsentrasi Kobalt dalam Air Limbah
Authors: Aziz Dyah Fauziyah , Suhartana Suhartana , Sriyanti Sriyanti
Published: June 2023

Senyawa kompleks telah banyak diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan. Senyawa kompleks merupakan senyawa yang terbentuk dari ion logam yang berikatan dengan satu atau lebih ligan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan penentuan pH optimum pada masing-masing senyawa kompleks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pH optimum senyawa kompleks tris(1,10-fenantrolin)kobalt(II) pada pH 3 dan dihasilkan padatan berwarna merah muda sebanyak 0,6 gram. Ikatan antara atom pusat Co dengan ligan 1,10-fenantrolin (Co-N) pada bilangan gelombang 316,33 cm-1  dengan serapan maksimum di panjang gelombang 225 nm. Senyawa kompleks tetraamindiklorokobalt(III) menunjukkan pH optimum pada pH 6 dan dihasilkan padatan berwarna hijau sebanyak 0,98 gram. Ikatan atom pusat Co dengan ligan NH3 (Co-N) pada bilangan gelombang 354,90 cm-1 dengan serapan pada panjang gelombang maksimum 226 nm.
Studies in the seedling phenology and role of seedling in clonally propagated species Hellenia speciosa (J.Koenig) S.D.Dutta
Authors: Samanta Arabinda , Bera Bubai , Karmakar Prakash
Published: June 2023

Hellenia speciosa (J. Koenig) S.D.Dutta, a clonally propagated plant, widely known as crepe ginger, is an important medicinal plant of tropical Asia. It is a rich source of diosgenin- a phytosteroid sapogenin used in the commercial synthesis of progesterone. Despite clonal propagation, the plant produces a substantial number of viable seeds, which later become short-lived seedlings. Therefore, this research aims to comprehend the phenological behaviour of the seedling and its significance in clonal development. The study will also help understand the role of ramets in establishment vis-à-vis rapid colonization of the plant. Studies on seed germination and phenology of seedling genet have revealed significant phenological and morphological features. Seed germination is of epigeal and phanerocotylar type producing seedling genet with orbicular obovate cotyledon, glabrous hypocotyl and spiromonostichous phyllotaxy. Leaf shape varies from narrowly ovate to lanceolate. Horizontal rhizome develops from the base of the seedling epicotyl and produces 4-5 ramets in the same growing season. Morphometry of leaf length and breadth of seedling is positively correlated with that of reproductive ramet of the previous growing season (leaf length: r=0.99, p<0.001; leaf breadth: r= 0.79, p<0.05). The plant shows rhizomatous dependency for maturity as seedling genets are short-lived. So it could be concluded that the primary role of the short-lived seedling genet is to provide a foundation for rhizome development. Additionally, the seedling appears as a miniature of the adult reproductive ramet. Here, during the first growing season, the species allocate more resources for the vegetative growth of its ramet rather than reproductive development. The reproductive development starts from the next growing season.
Indicators of immune status in women with different recurrence rates of nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the genital organs
Authors: Davydenko K. I. , Maltsev D. V. , Natrus L. V.
Published: June 2023

Non-specific inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (NIDFGO) are an important problem of modern gynecology due to their high frequency in the population, the tendency to frequent recurrences, and many cases of resistance to recommended antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Aim: to study indicators of immune status in women with different recurrence rates of NIDFGO and biomarkers of recurrences to improve potential therapeutic approaches and prevent recurrences in the further.
Materials and methods. A prospective single-center controlled non-randomized clinical study was conducted with the participation of 98 adult women. Out of them, 80 patients with NIDFGO had one-year recurrence rate of 1, 2–3, 4 or more events, and 18 age-matched women without NIDFGO were assigned to the control group. Immunogram and hemogram were performed for all study participants using standardized methods. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using IBM SPSS 23 statistical package software.
Results. The mean serum concentration of IgE in patients with frequent relapses was 3 times (p < 0.05) lower than that in women with only one recurrence, 2.6 times (p < 0.05) lower than that in patients with medium recurrence rate, and 3.4 times (p < 0.05) less than in the control. In women with frequent recurrences, the mean relative number of blood NKT cells was 3.5 times (p < 0.05) less than that in patients with only one recurrence, 2.3 times (p < 0.05) less than that in persons with medium recurrence rate, and 3 times (p < 0.05) less as compared to women of the control group.
Conclusions. Selective deficiencies of IgE and NKT cells in women with NIDFGO are factors that lead to a higher frequency of disease exacerbations per year. T he development and clinical approval of immunotherapeutic approaches to compensate for deficiencies of IgE and NKT cells in women with NIDFGO will contribute to the imposition of immune control over the inflammatory process, increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment, resulting in a decrease in the recurrence rate.
Selenium plasma levels in children with Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Sorokman T. V. , Sokolnyk I. S.
Published: June 2023

Despite the success of the treatment of infected individuals, Helicobacter pylori infection remains the most common human bacterial pathogen, infecting half of the world’s population. In a large part of people, H. pylori causes gastroduodenal diseases, in particular, chronic antral gastritis and ulcer disease. The possible role of selenium in the course of chronic inflammatory H. pylori-associated pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children has not yet been fully investigated and understood.
The aim is to determine selenium plasma levels in children with Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Materials and methods. The study included 135 school-age children with Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract, who made up the main study group (55 children with chronic gastritis (CG), 57 children with chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD), 23 children with duodenal ulcer (DU), and 20 practically healthy age-matched children were the comparison group. Quantitative measurements of plasma selenium were performed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS-ICP) on an Optima 2000 DV spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, USA).
Results. The lowest level of plasma selenium was registered in children with H. pylori-negative DU (67.81 ± 2.67 μg/l), while in children with H. pylori-associated DU, its level was higher – 73.56 ± 2.34 μg/l (p < 0.05), however, it did not reach the level in children of the comparison group. A similar direction of changes in the selenium plasma concentration was observed in children with CGD: higher levels of selenium were detected in children with H. pylori-positive CGD compared to H. pylori-negative CGD (75.61 ± 2.48 μg/l and 70.99 ± 2.31 μg/l, respectively, p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Significantly lower levels of plasma selenium in children with chronic destructive-inflammatory diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract were found, which could be explained by the acute phase of inflammation in the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum resulting in a decrease in selenium absorption. In H. pylori-positive children, the level of selenium was significantly higher compared to H. pylori-negative children indicating a possible role of selenium in the pathogenesis and further progression of H. pylori-associated diseases.
Mesenchymal stem cells: diversity
Authors: Grabovyi O. M. , Nevmerzhytska N. M. , Yaremenko L. M. , Kostynskyi H. B. , Demydchuk A. S. , Kondaurova H. Yu.
Published: June 2023

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are diverse in terms of plastic, secretory and immunophenotypic features, which is due to the peculiarities of their genetic landscape. MSCs like other body cells are the result of the implementation of genetic information. However, some cells at different stages of histogenesis leave it. Such resident cells in tissues are stem cells. They are in a state of plastic quiescence and their genome does not undergo changes that would lead to commitment / differentiation. Although, these cells show a certain activity, producing various biologically active factors. It is logical to assume that the cells emerging from the process of histogenesis at its various stages will have different genetic landscapes, immunophenotypes and secretory potentials. The activation of MSCs occurs under conditions of physiological or reparative regeneration. Moreover, on the second hand it is explosive. Under natural conditions, the activation of MSCs during damage leads to their differentiation into fibroblasts and the formation of a connective tissue scar. But such consequences of reparation often come into conflict with the goal of treatment, when the task is not the formation of a scar, but the restoration of the parenchyma of the organ and its function. Therefore, the effects that will be obtained when using MSCs will depend on their initial state and methods of management.
Aim. To analyze literature data on mesenchymal stem cells that reflect their ability to differentiate and secrete regulatory factors, immunophenotypic features and genetic landscape that may underlie their diversity.
Conclusions. To obtain the desired result from the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine many factors must be taken into account. But data in this area is still fragmentary and often ambiguous. In addition, even taking into account the known factors in their various combinations is a very difficult task in the management of MSC. Given the unconditional priority of genetic and molecular research of MSCs the empirical method of studying the plastic and physiological properties of MSCs remains relevant today. It can just not create the basis for the development of the latest treatment methods, but also determine the direction of research in genetic and molecular research.
The relationship between ferrokinetic parameters and the state of cardiac remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease with concomitant iron deficiency
Authors: Konovalova M. O. , Mykhailovska N. S.
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study: to assess the relationship between ferrokinetic parameters and the state of cardiac remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) depending on the stage of iron deficiency (ID).
Materials and methods. The study involved 90 patients with CAD: stable angina pectoris II–III FC (35 men and 55 women, age – 69 (61; 72) years). All patients were divided into 4 clinical groups depending on the parameters of iron metabolism and hemogram: I (n = 16) – patients with absolute ID; II (n = 15) – with latent ID; III (n = 14) – with functional ID; IV (n = 45) – patients with CAD without iron metabolism disorders. The parameters of cardiac remodeling, iron metabolism and their relationship were analyzed.
Results. During the analysis of ferrokinetic parameters, a decrease in transport (serum iron, transferrin saturation) and tissue (ferritin) reserve of iron on the background of an increase in the total and latent iron-binding capacity depending on the stage of sideropenia was established. At the same time, latent iron-binding capacity in patients with absolute ID was less by 43 % than in patients with latent ID. Patients with latent ID demonstrated a significantly higher level of transferrin saturation by 59.9 % than in the group of patients with CAD without concomitant ID. Patients with absolute ID, compared to patients without iron metabolism disorders, demonstrated significantly higher size of RAd by 14.18 % (U = 2.0; p < 0.05); increase EDVI of LV in 1.7 times (U = 4.0; p < 0.05); higher value of LV MI by 16 % (U = 17.0; p < 0.05). Also, patients with ferrokinetics disorders demonstrated a tendency to increase LVIDd, EDV LV, ESV LV, ESVI, LV mass, Ao, RAd, RVd, IVSd compared to patients without concomitant ID. For patients with absolute ID, it was established that there a relationship between the level of ferritin and IVSd (r = +0.84; p < 0.05); serum iron and LAd (r = -0.73; p < 0.05); total iron-binding capacity and Ao (r = -0.78; p < 0.05); latent iron-binding capacity and LVIDs (r = +0.71; p < 0.05). Patients with latent ID demonstrated relationships only between the transferrin saturation and LV MI (r = +0.60; p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant correlation relationships between indicators of iron metabolism and cardiac remodeling in patients with CAD and functional ID.
Conclusions. The intensity of the processes of cardiac remodeling in patients with CAD and iron deficiency increases in direct proportion to the degree of progression of sideropenia, what is confirmed by the relevant correlation relationships.
Association of adipocytokines and adipocytokine ratios with cardiovascular risk factors in Japanese preadolescents
Authors: Matsudaira Toru , Sano Hironari , Miyashita Yumi , Tajima Naoko , Shirasawa Takako , Ochiai Hirotaka , Kokaze Akatsuki , Nishimura Rimei
Published: June 2023

Objectives

Asians are particularly susceptible to obesity-associated disorders and rapid progression of obesity from childhood to adulthood. Data on the association between adipocytokine parameters, particularly adipocytokine ratios, and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood remain limited. Herein, we assessed the association of resistin, adiponectin, and leptin levels and leptin/adiponectin and resistin/adiponectin ratios with selected cardiovascular risk factors and the influence of unhealthy weight on such associations in children aged 9–10 years.

Methods

We included 380 children aged 9–10 years from three public elementary schools in Japan.

Results

The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in male preadolescents than in female adolescents (median 16.5 kg/m2 vs. 16.2 kg/m2, p=0.032). No differences in height, weight, waist circumference (WC), waist/height ratio (W/Hr), total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, or atherosclerosis index (AI) were observed between the sexes. Of the adipocytokine levels and ratios analyzed, only the leptin level and leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/Ar) were strongly and significantly positively correlated with the cardiovascular risk factors WC, W/Hr, and BMI (all p<0.05). The AI was not strongly correlated with any adipocytokine levels or ratios. Apart from the strong positive correlation between the L/Ar and W/Hr, no other significant associations were observed between any of the adipocytokine levels or ratios and the selected cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions

Our findings confirmed the value of adipocytokine ratios in risk assessment in pediatric populations, with leptin levels and leptin/adiponectin ratios strongly correlating with risk factors in children aged 9–10 years.
Die Legitimation von Entmenschlichung, Misogynie und Gewalt im Hinduismus
Authors: Völker Fabian
Published: June 2023

Seit Jahren steigt in Indien die Anzahl der spezifisch gegenüber Frauen, hierarchisch tieferstehenden Geburts- (varṇa) und Berufsgruppen (jāti) sowie Kastenlosen (dalits;scheduled castes) und indigenen Gemeinschaften (ādivāsī;scheduled tribes) angezeigten Gewalttaten kontinuierlich an. Diese Gewaltakte und Tötungsdelikte sind aufgrund ihrer Qualität und vor allem aufgrund ihrer quantitativen Größenordnung als systemisch anzusehen. Dass sie in dieser Form noch immer ein akutes Gegenwartsproblem von allerhöchster sozialer und politischer Brisanz im vordergründig säkularisierten Indien darstellen, legt einen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Konsens über deren grundsätzliche Rechtmäßigkeit nahe, der sich anhand tradierter Normen- und Wertvorstellungen sowie prämoderner Denk- und Handlungsmuster legitimiert, die auf traditionell hinduistischen Ideen basieren. Dabei kann der politische Aufstieg der nationalreligiös argumentierenden und agitierenden „Indischen Volkspartei“ (BJP:Bhāratīya Janatā Pārṭī) sowie ihr politisch forcierter Rückgriff auf den Hinduismus als einzelner, aber dennoch entscheidender Einflussfaktor gesehen werden, der die anhaltende Verschärfung innergesellschaftlicher Gegensätze und die kontinuierliche Intensivierung der Gewaltdynamiken ursächlich zu erklären vermag. Um diese Zusammenhänge zu beleuchten, vollzieht der Beitrag die ideengeschichtlichen Grundlagen religiös legitimierter Entmenschlichung und Gewalt sowie latenter wie offener Misogynie im Hinduismus von seinen vedischen Ursprüngen im 2. vorchristlichen Jahrtausend bis zur Gegenwart nach.
Up or Out. Arbeitsbedingungen und -zufriedenheit des religionswissenschaft-lichen Nachwuchses in Deutschland
Authors: Wettich Thorsten , Reuter Evelyn , Schwaderer Isabella , Wolf Paul Henning , Wortmann Sven
Published: June 2023

Die vorliegende Studie basiert auf einer quantitativ-qualitativen Erhebung der Arbeitsbedingungen und -zufriedenheit des religionswissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses (d. h. ohne unbefristete Anstellung als Professor*in). Die Erhebung wurde von Mai bis Juli 2022 vom Arbeitskreis Mittelbau und Nachwuchs (AKMN) der Deutschen Vereinigung für Religionswissenschaft (DVRW) durchgeführt. Sie ist eine erweiterte Variante einer Erhebung von 2015. Auf der Grundlage der Umfrageergebnisse werden die Arbeitsbedingungen und ihre Auswirkungen auf berufliche Perspektiven und persönliche Lebensumstände der Betroffenen beschrieben und mit denen von 2015 verglichen. Zudem werden die speziellen Herausforderungen während der Corona-Pandemie dargestellt. Die Studie ist nicht nur eine aussagekräftige Untersuchung der Entwicklung der Arbeitsbedingungen des religionswissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses, sondern auch ein Beitrag zur derzeit intensiv geführten Debatte um Beschäftigungsverhältnisse an deutschen Universitäten.
Genesis of clinical and subclinical endometritis in dairy cows
Authors: Bogado Pascottini Osvaldo , LeBlanc Stephen J , Gnemi Giovanni , Leroy Jo L M R , Opsomer Geert
Published: June 2023

In brief

Clinical and subclinical endometritis are different manifestations of reproductive tract inflammatory disease in dairy cows. This review addresses the genesis of clinical and subclinical endometritis considering metabolic stress, innate immune dysfunction, and shifts in the composition of the uterine microbiota in the postpartum period.

Up to half of dairy cows may develop one or more types of reproductive tract inflammatory disease within 5 weeks after calving. Clinical endometritis (CE) results from uterine bacterial dysbiosis with increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria associated with luminal epithelial damage. These bacteria cause endometrial stromal cell lysis, followed by massive polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration, and pyogenesis. CE is defined as endometrial inflammation accompanied by purulent discharge. Purulent discharge is not always accompanied by uterine inflammation (being (rarely) vaginitis or (commonly) cervicitis), hence referred to as purulent vaginal discharge (PVD). Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is an asymptomatic uterine disease defined by a threshold of PMN on cytology that is associated with worse reproductive performance; it has not been linked with bacterial dysbiosis. Current evidence suggests that SCE is a result of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction that impairs innate immune function and the ability of endometrial PMN to undergo apoptosis, necrosis, and ultimately achieve resolution of inflammation. CE and SCE are diagnosed between 3 and 5 weeks postpartum and commonly overlap, but they are considered distinct manifestations of reproductive tract inflammatory disease. This review addresses the genesis of CE and SCE in postpartum dairy cows considering metabolic stress, innate immune dysfunction, and shifts in the composition of the uterine microbiota.
LAS MUJERES EN EL ÁMBITO DE LOS NEGOCIOS EN ANDALUCÍA DURANTE EL SIGLO XVIII. INICIATIVAS, RESISTENCIAS Y EMPRENDIMIENTO DE DOÑA JOSEFA DE LARA Y MONTOYA
Authors: García Gil Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la trayectoria profesional y personal de una mujer de negocios que traficaba con diferentes ciudades de la Península Ibérica. María Josefa de Lara y su marido regentaban una fábrica textil en la ciudad de Antequera. La muerte de este supuso el inicio de un pleito que acabó en la Real Chancillería de Granada y el comienzo de un concurso de acreedores, ávidos por saldar sus deudas. En este trabajo analizaremos las iniciativas llevadas a cabo por esta empresaria para salvaguardar su patrimonio y poder seguir emprendiendo profesionalmente. Para ello hemos consultado una amplia variedad de fuentes con información comercial, notarial y judicial. Los principales resultados ponen de manifiesto la autonomía legal de la que gozaron las mujeres viudas, su actividad en el comercio y las finanzas, y su visibilidad en las fuentes documentales manejadas.
Archaeometric analysis proposal for negative decoration
Authors: Vásquez Grueso Aldebarán
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this text is to offer what could be a kind of road map within the possible archaeometric protocols to address the old problem posed by ceramics with negative decoration and the possible relationships that would have occurred between Western Mexico and South America. A perspective is also offered on what is negative from a technological point of view, according to ethnoarchaeological analyses, important since despite the great temporal distance that separates us from the makers of this ceramic decoration (possibly men and women) ethnoarchaeology. It provides clues to make better questions about the archaeological context.
Left Bundle Branch Pacing in a Child Who Survived Cardiac Arrest with Congenital Complete Heart Block and Recurrent Torsades de Pointes
Authors: Hidayati Fera , Soraya Hana , Hanafy Dicky Armein
Published: June 2023

A 2-year-old girl was referred to the Harapan Kita National Heart Center due to the return of spontaneous circulation after cardiac arrest, bradyarrhythmia and repeated seizures with loss of consciousness. She had been treated with an epilepsy drug for 1 year. Electrocardiography during one epilepsy episode showed complete heart block with junctional escape rhythm and QT interval prolongation, which then progressed to torsades de pointes. Echocardiography revealed left atrium and left ventricle dilatation with reduced ejection fraction. Left bundle branch permanent pacemaker was successfully implanted through left subclavian vein access. During the 3-week follow-up, there were no recurrent seizures and echocardiography revealed improvement of left ventricle ejection fraction.
Acoustic analysis of lexical stress in Greek preschool children
Authors: Papakyritsis Ioannis , Adamopoulou Panagiota , Kerouli Ioanna , Sifaki Maria
Published: June 2023

Lexical stress carries significant functional load in Greek; there are several pairs and even triplets of words that are differentiated only by stress position. Greek stressed vowels are longer and have a greater amplitude compared to their unstressed counterparts. Lexical stress is also indirectly signalled by pitch movement (Arvaniti, 2007). The trajectory of lexical stress development has received little attention, both in Greek and in the international literature, especially regarding the acoustic analysis of prominence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acoustic realisation of stress during Greek acquisition. To that end, 24 typically developing children aged 4;7 to 6;4 (years;months), and 24 adults aged 20 to 25, carried out a word repetition task involving 20 minimal stress pairs (15 real words and five non-words). Duration, intensity and F0 variation, indices of the relative prominence of stressed to unstressed vowels, were calculated. Overall, although the use of the intensity cue for lexical stress did not differ significantly between the two groups, children tended to use the vowel duration cue to a lesser extent than adults to signal lexical stress position. On the other hand, F0 variation indices were significantly higher in the children's data. Additionally, the acoustic analysis indicated that children utilized the pattern of devoicing unstressed vowels, a specific type of vowel reduction optionally applied in Greek, much more extensively than adults. Finally, although for the most part the word productions carried unequivocal and correct lexical stress, in a few cases children, contrary to adults, had difficulties signalling lexical stress position in a perceptually transparent manner. This study is one of the few attempts to describe the acoustic characteristics of lexical stress in Greek typical development.
¿Perdonar? Imposibilidad de tramitar daños e injusticias en mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual
Authors:   Universidad de Sucre, Osorno Navarro Mara Mercedes , Posada Zapata Isabel Cristina ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: June 2023

Introducción: la violencia es un problema de salud pública que cada día se ha incrementado, por ello, es importante fortalecer las capacidades de vigilancia y gestión del riesgo, y de acabar con las agresiones, respetando, protegiendo y garantizando los derechos de mujeres y niñas para que puedan alcanzar todo su potencial; haciendo un particular hincapié en la indagación de dispositivos que permitan poner fin a todas las formas de discriminación y violencia en contra de ellas. ObjetivoReconocer los significados sobre el perdón construidos por las mujeres víctimas expuestas al conflicto armado en Montes de María, San Onofre Sucre como consecuencia de las violencias sexuales ejercidas por paramilitares. Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo a través de la Teoría Fundamentada y el Interaccionismo Simbólico para generar la teoría, a partir de los significados que emergen de la interacción entre las personas y su entorno. Resultado: la teoría sustantiva resultante evidenció las características de la experiencia de la violencia sexual en la mujer; la cual simboliza desazón, exilio, destrucción de sus metas y proyectos, además de la dificultad para perdonar debido a la magnitud del daño causado, y al incumplimiento de la legislación que debía proteger a la mujer víctima de tal violencia. Conclusión: Dentro de los significados de las violencias sexuales se encontró que las mujeres tienen dificultad para perdonar, por la imposibilidad de olvidar el acto de horror cometido contra ellas; aducen que, para entrar en el camino del perdón y la reconciliación, los vándalos deben revelar la verdad sobre los actos cometidos, así como mostrar un arrepentimiento genuino.
Expression of arginase 1 and tyrosine kinase Mer by blood monocytes in the dynamics of physiological pregnancy
Authors: Shevela E. Ya. , Bukhtueva N. G. , Tikhonova M. A. , Sakhno L. V. , Pasman N. M. , Chernykh E. R.
Published: June 2023

During pregnancy, the maternal immune system must maintain tolerance to paternal antigens, at the same time being able to eliminate pathogens, which is achieved by the weakening of adoptive immunity and the activation of innate immunity, in particular, monocytes. However, the question about the functional phenotype of monocytes, having not only pro-inflammatory, but also anti-inflammatory activity, remains open. In the given work, we have investigated the expression of M2-associated suppressive markers Arg1 and MerTK in monocyte subpopulations during uncomplicated pregnancy. Fifty-three pregnant women with uncomplicated gestation were recruited, including 14 pregnant in the 1st trimester, 20 – in the 2nd and 19 – in the third pregnancy trimester. The comparison group consisted of 15 fertile unpregnant women without aggravated somatic anamnesis, with a history of at least one childbirth. The findings showed that in the unpregnant group circulating Mo express Arg1 and MerTK, and the most relative number of Arg1+ and MerTK+ cells is concentrated in intermediate and nonclassic monocytes. During pregnancy the expression of researched molecules in monocytes reliably increases. An increase in MerTK expression is manifested by a simultaneous increase in the number of MerTK+ cells and the mean fluorescence intensity of this marker; it is observed in the 1st and 2nd trimesters and registered in all three monocyte subpopulations. At the same time, an increase in Arg1 expression is manifested either by an enhancement of Arg1+ cells, or an increase in receptor density; it is registered throughout pregnancy, including the 3rd trimester, and is maximally expressed in classic monocytes. There is a direct correlation between the number of Arg1+ and MerTK+ cells in intermediate Mo, which increases with the progression of pregnancy, and in the 3rd trimester is also detected in classical and non-classical Mo. In general, the revealed increase in the expression of Arg1 and MerTK by monocytes indicates an increase in the anti-inflammatory potential of monocytes during pregnancy, and the involvement of monocytes in the regulation of the inflammatory process at the system level. Moreover, the features of Arg1 and MerTK expression in various monocyte subpopulations during pregnancy suggest that monocytes expressing Arg1 and MerTK can mediate different mechanisms of immune adaptation during pregnancy.
Itaconate-mediated inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase regulates cytokine production in LPS-induced inflammation
Authors: Anisov D. E. , Drutskaya M. S. , Nosenko M. A. , Nedospasov S. A.
Published: June 2023

Itaconate is an immunoregulatory metabolite produced by myeloid cells and plays a key role in the regulation of the immune response. Itaconate, on the one hand, is able to suppress the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), thereby making a significant contribution to the metabolic reprogramming of the cell. On the other hand, itaconate can regulate the activity of a number of transcription factors and transcription regulators, thereby affecting gene expression. In most experimental studies, itaconate has been characterized predominantly as an anti-inflammatory agent. In particular, itaconate produced by activated macrophages inhibits the production of cytokines TNF, IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10. However, some evidence suggests a pro- inflammatory role for itaconate in a number of mouse disease models. Thus, the deletion of the Acod1 gene responsible for the production of itaconate leads to the suppression of the production of TNF and IL-6 in the mouse polymicrobial sepsis model, which means that in the context of inflammation in vivo, itaconate can act as an inducer of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism of itaconate regulation of cytokine production in systemic inflammation remains unexplored. In this work, we have shown that injection of itaconate and its derivative dimethyl itaconate into mice, followed by induction of inflammation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leads to changes in the content of cytokines in the blood. Interestingly, the systemic production of IL-6 and IL-10 in response to itaconate is increased, contrary to the results previously obtained in cell cultures. At the same time, IFNg production, on the contrary, is suppressed. Apparently, itaconate regulates the production of cytokines in vivo by suppressing the activity of SDH. Injection of the SDH inhibitor, dimethylmalonate, followed by induction of inflammation in mice, results in similar changes in blood cytokines observed in response to itaconate: increased production of IL-6, IL-10 and suppression of IFNg production. On the contrary, the addition of succinate, a SDH substrate, leads to the opposite effect on cytokine production. Thus, it can be assumed that the observed effects of itaconate on cytokine production in the model of LPS-induced inflammation are mediated by its ability to inhibit SDH. These results help to understand the controversial role of itaconate in inflammation and shed light on a previously undescribed relationship between SDH and cytokine production in inflammation in vivo.
Microscopic and elemental analysis of jaw bone tissue in injury
Authors: Kataeva N. N. , Sarkisyan N. G. , Chumakov N. S. , Khlystova K. A. , Medvedeva O. M. , Shmygalev A. S.
Published: June 2023

Since the jawbone tissue is injured at the stage of metal dental implant introduction, the problem of inflammatory complication development leading to a breakdown in osseointegration remains relevant. Of interest are the immunological mechanisms of inflammatory process development during the emission of metal nanoparticles, as well as the mechanisms of its subsidence after the removal of a metal object. Microscopic and elemental analysis of the bone tissue of the Wistar rat lower jaw after artificial traumatization was carried out. During the experiment, the situation of presence of a metal foreign body in the bone bed was simulated. An insulin needle was injected into the connective tissue of the lower jaw, followed by its removal after seven days. Microscopic analysis of bone tissue was performed using a Tesscan Vega 4 scanning electron microscope. The teeth alveoli cortical layer surface, connection of the jaws with a gap, stratification of the cartilaginous layer were determined at low magnification in direct projection. Using higher magnification in the direct projection there are visible dense-structural crystalline inclusions, foci of necrosis in the area of junctions of the jaws alveolar processes. The elemental composition of bone tissue was obtained by atomic emission spectroscopy by iCAP 6300 Duo. In the test sample, the quantitative ratio of calcium and phosphorus was 1.68, which slightly exceeds the optimal value of 1.67. An upward change in this ratio indicates a decrease in phosphorus level, which can be interpreted as local osteoporosis. In addition, the following elements were found: Bi, Ga, Pb, Ti, Zn in the amount of 0.03-0.06 mass percent. The list of these elements corresponds to the chemical composition of an insulin needle, indicating the penetration of metal particles into bone bed tissues. The emission of nanoparticles and their subsequent association to micro- and submicron sizes, their persistence, as well as biocorrosion in areas of active bone formation can be a trigger for the development of an aseptic inflammatory process. This effect is due to both a direct damaging factor and an indirect effect through specific signal molecules produced in response to tissue damage.
Phagocytosis and oxidative activity of neutrophils after interaction with uropathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms
Authors: Maslennikova I. L. , Nekrasova I. V. , Kuznetsova M. V.
Published: June 2023

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated primarily with the ability of Escherichia coli to form biofilms. The interaction of neutrophils, factors of innate immunity, with microorganisms in biofilms is difficult compared to planktonic forms due to the lack of direct contact, as well as due to the antiphagocytic action of the extracellular matrix of biofilms. The purpose of this study was evaluation of neutrophils phagocytic and oxidative activity during interaction with biofilms of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) DL82 and R44. Peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy men were isolated using ficoll-urographin double gradient, incubated for 1 h with bacterial cells from biofilms or their supernatants, then leukocytes functional activity was evaluated. Phagocytic activity of neutrophils was determined by the degree of bioluminescence inhibition of bioluminescent strain E. coli K12 TG1 lux+ (pXen) upon their absorption by neutrophils. Production of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by the intensity of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in spontaneous and stimulated by E. coli K12 variants. Significance of differences was determined using Student’s t-test at p < 0.05. It was found that neutrophils interaction with UPEC biofilm cells or supernatants did not affect the phagocytic activity. E. coli DL82 supernatants reduce neutrophils spontaneous ROS production compared to control and biofilm cells. E. coli R44 supernatants with a low virulence potential did not affect ROS production, while biofilm cells stimulated it. When assessing stimulated ROS production, exposure to R44 strain supernatants did not cause a decrease in neutrophils activation in response to an external stimulus (E. coli K12 cells). Preliminary contact of neutrophils with E. coli R44 bacteria resulted in a high and prolonged level of ROS production compared to the control. Neutrophils interaction with DL82 cells resulted in a higher level of ROS compared to supernatants, however a subsequent rapid depletion of neutrophils oxidative potential was observed. Thus, cells and supernatants of UPEC biofilms can determine the activation of neutrophils.
PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression in human glioblastoma cells resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy
Authors: Pinevich A. A. , Vartanyan N. L. , Kiseleva L. N. , Bode I. I. , Krutetskaya I. Yu. , Kartashev A. V. , Makarov V. E. , Poneza T. E. , Smirnov I. V. , Samoilovich M. P.
Published: June 2023

Membrane molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2, ligands of T lymphocytes PD1 receptor, perform immunoregulatory functions. Their binding to the receptor leads to inhibition of proliferation, reduction of cytokine production, cytotoxic response, and apoptosis of T lymphocytes. The cells of many tumors, regardless of their histogenesis, express PD-L1 molecules, thus limiting the development of an anti-tumor immune response. Glioblastomas are highly malignant recurrent tumors of the central nervous system. The main sources of glioblastoma recurrence are resistant tumor cells initially present in gliomas with heterogeneous cellular composition, as well as resistant cells that are formed during therapy. Increasing the dose of cytostatic drugs or radiation during relapse therapy is not effective in glioblastomas. It has been shown for a number of tumors, including ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, that drugs preventing PD-L1/PD1 interaction are effective in the treatment of neoplasms resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy using drugs that inhibit the binding of PD-L molecules to their receptor is considered as a way to overcome the resistance of glioblastomas to therapy. The aim of this work was to assess the level of PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression in resistant glioblastoma cells lines A172, R1, T2 and T98G, which resumed proliferation after exposure to the maximum for each line, sublethal doses of cytostatic drugs (fotemustine and temozolomide), fractionated or single gamma irradiation. A172 line belongs to glioblastomas that are highly sensitive to these influences, T98G is a highly resistant cell line, while R1 and T2 lines occupy an intermediate position. In intact glioblastoma A172, R1, and T2 cells the level of PD-L1 and PD-L2 gene expression was equally high, while in T98G cells it was significantly lower. Exposure of A172 and R1 glioblastoma lines to cytostatic drugs or irradiation did not significantly change the level of PD-L1 and PD-L2 genes expression typical for intact cells. In T2 glioblastoma cells, and especially in T98G cells, a significant increase in expression of these genes was found, most pronounced for PD-L2 gene. This increase in expression may indicate an enhanced malignancy of resistant T2 and T98G cells. High expression of the genes responsible for the production of PD-L1 and PD-L2, which limit the cytotoxic response against tumor cells, is a prerequisite for the use of drugs targeted against PD-L1 and PD-L2 for the elimination of resistant cells in glioblastoma.
Study of the adjuvant properties of preparations containing recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
Authors: Esina T. I. , Volosnikova E. A. , Volkova N. V. , Kaplina O. N. , Danilenko E. D.
Published: June 2023

The relevance of the search for new vaccine adjuvants is growing along with the increase in the number of current vaccine preparations, especially those developed on the basis of proteins. Some cytokines are known to exert adjuvant properties. The present work is devoted to the study of adjuvant activity of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and constructs based on it. Earlier, we developed a technology for isolation and purification of GM-CSF from the E. coli SG20050/p280_2GM producer strain, as well as a technology for conjugating polyglucin:spermidine complexes with rhGM-CSF. Double-stranded RNA was used to obtain molecular constructs on the basis of rhGM-CSF conjugate. To assemble constructs, the ratio of the components was calculated for one dose of the preparation to contain 5-40 mg of rhGM-CSF and 100 mg of double-stranded RNA. The effectiveness of the formation of molecular constructs was evaluated by dsRNA electrophoretic mobility shift in a 1% agarose gel. The effectiveness of the resulting adjuvants was determined in ELISA assays by measuring the titers of specific antibodies in mouse sera against ovalbumin or recombinant receptor-binding domain of the surface S protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Delta variant (B.1.617.2). The experiments were carried out in 100 male BALB/c mice weighing 16-18 g. Mice were immunized twice, with a 14-day interval, by intramuscular injection of 200 mL per animal. Recombinant receptor-binding domain of the surface protein of SARS-CoV-2 was administered at a dose of 50 mg/animal, ovalbumin – at two doses – 1 mg or 5 mg/animal. Corresponding antigen was used as a positive control, a saline solution – as a negative control. It was shown that the maximum effect was achieved by immunization with a construct based on double-stranded RNA and rhGM-CSF conjugated to polyglucin-spermidine. The use of a conjugate without double-stranded RNA as an adjuvant also improved humoral response. The use of native rhGM-CSF did not increase the titers of specific antibodies. Thus, it was found that rhGM-CSF being a part of a polysaccharide conjugate or a molecular construct exerted an ability to enhance the humoral immune response to protein antigens.
Predictive Potential of Motivation to Learn in the use of Learning Strategies
Authors: Inácio Amanda Lays Monteiro , Boruchovitch Evely , Cunha Neide de Brito , Miranda Lúcia do Rosário Cerqueira de
Published: June 2023

Abstract This paper investigates motivation to learn and learning strategies in a sample of 353 Brazilian students in elementary and secondary education. Data were collected through the Motivation to learn scale and two Learning Strategies Assessment Scales, one for elementary school and another for high school. Learning goals and use of metacognitive strategies were predominant in the sample. Significant positive and negative correlations between the subscales were found. Two models emerged explaining 33% and 37% of the variance in the use of learning strategies that can be attributed to motivation to learn factors. The study underscores the importance of motivation to learn for engaging students in strategic behavior.
Forensic Psychological Assessment of Parental Alienation: The Jurist’s View
Authors: Kirchesch Silvana Angela , Sani Ana Isabel
Published: June 2023

Abstract A qualitative study of legal practitioners’ perceptions of the role of forensic psychologists in proceedings involving parental alienation (PA) is presented. Data on 71 legal practitioners in the state of Mato Grosso/Brazil were collected via online survey and then subjected to quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results focus on the performance of Mato Grosso psychologists, acting as accredited service providers, in terms of their technical capacity for PA certification, in support of the judicial decision and protection of the child, adolescent and family. AP verification involves a complex psychological assessment, requiring specialist training and excellent technical and personal skills of the psychologists involved. Suggestions to improve praxis include more professionals, better logistical and technical conditions, and an interdisciplinary and ethical approach.
Mental Health Profiles of University Students and Associated Life Habits
Authors: Barroso Sabrina Martins , Ferreira Heloísa Gonçalves , Pacheco Janaína Thais Barbosa
Published: June 2023

Abstract We sought to investigate the mental health profile of university students and possible individual aspects, life habits and associated academic experiences. 844 students were included, predominantly female with a mean age of 22.57 years, who answered a socioeconomic and life habits questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Cluster and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Three profiles were identified: students with good, moderate and poor mental health. Married or single students, from exact sciences, who studied in a public university and did not work, with low alcohol consumption were more likely to have a good mental health. Understanding the association of life habits and academic experiences with different profiles is relevant to develop interventional strategies with this public.
FIXATION METHODS IN LATARJET: BIOMECHANICAL COMPARISON OF SCREW TYPES AND PLATE FIXATION
Authors: ARZU UFUK , ERSIN MEHMET , CHODZA MEHMET , ŞAHIN KORAY , KILIÇOĞLU ÖNDER , ERŞEN ALI
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT Objective Latarjet procedure is often preferred in recurrent shoulder dislocations accompanied by glenoid bone loss. It is observed that the superiority of bone graft fixation methods is still controversial. The aim of this study is to biomechanically compare the bone graft fixation methods in the Latarjet procedure. Methods 15 third-generation scapula bone models were divided into 3 groups. Graft was fixated in the first group with fully-threaded cortical screws of 3.5mm diameter, in the second group two 16 mm partially-threaded cannulated screws of 4.5mm diameter, and in the third group via a mini plate and screw. The hemispherical humeral head was placed on the tip of the cyclic charge device, and thus, the charge applied to the coracoid graft was homogeneous. Results No statistically significant difference was found between paired comparisons (p>0.05). The forces in 5 mm displacement in total vary between 502-857N. Total stiffness measurements ranged between 105 and 625; the mean value was 258.13±53.54 with no statistically significant difference by groups (p = 0.958). Conclusion This biomechanical study showed that there is no difference between three coracoid fixation options in terms of fixation strength. Unlike previous assumptions, plate fixation is not biomechanically superior to screw fixation. Surgeons should consider their personal preferences and experience in choosing fixation methods.
METAL ION RELEASE ACCORDING TO LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY IN CERAMIC-ON-METAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: ROH YOUNG-HO , KANG TAEHAN , LIM CHAEMOON , NAM KWANG WOO
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT Objective The ceramic-on-metal (CoM) bearing has the theoretical advantages over ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) and metal-on-metal bearings. This study aimed to analyze factors affecting the metal ion release of CoM bearings and compare clinical performance with CoC bearings. Methods The 147 patients were divided into 96 patients in group 1 (CoM group) and 51 patients in group 2 (CoC group). Additionally, within group1, 48 patients and 30 patients were sub-categorized into group 1-A with leg length discrepancy (LLD) less than 1cm and group 1-B greater than 1 cm. The level of serum metal ions, functional scores and plain radiographs were obtained for the analysis. Results The level of cobalt (Co) 2-years after surgery and chromium (Cr) 1-year after surgery showed significantly higher in the group1 than the group2. LLD indicated statistically significant positive correlation between serum metal ion levels among CoM bearing THAs. In comparison of the average metal ions level changes, group 1-B showed higher level of metal ion than group 1-A. Conclusion In patients underwent THA with CoM bearings, large LLD have a higher risk of complications associated to metal ions. Therefore, it is critical to reduce the LLD to 1 cm or less in using CoM bearing. Level of Evidence III; Case Control Study.