bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippo pathway inhibition promotes metabolic adaptability and antioxidant response in myoblasts
Authors: Liu Qi , Pan Su , Li Pengyang , Dixon Richard A. F.
Published: February 2023

Metabolic plasticity in a hostile environment ensures cell survival. We investigated whether Hippo pathway inhibition contributed to cell adaptations under challenging conditions. We examined metabolic profiles and fuel substrate choices and preferences in C2C12 myoblasts after Hippo pathway inhibition via Salvador knockdown (SAV1 KD). SAV1 KD induced higher ATP production and a more energetic phenotype. Bioenergetic profiling showed enhanced key mitochondrial parameters including spare respiratory capacity. SAV1 KD cells showed markedly elevated glycolysis and glycolytic reserves; blocking other fuel-oxidation pathways enhanced mitochondrial flexibility of glucose oxidation. Under limited glucose, endogenous fatty acid oxidation increased to cope with bioenergetic stress. Gene expression patterns after SAV1 KD suggested transcriptional upregulation of key metabolic network regulators to promote energy production and free radical scavenging that may prevent impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. In SAV1 KD cells, sirtuin signaling was the top enriched canonical pathway linked with enhanced mitochondrial ATP production. Collectively, we demonstrated that Hippo pathway inhibition in SAV1 KD cells induces multiple metabolic properties, including enhancing mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity or glycolytic reserve to cope with stress and upregulating metabolic pathways supporting elevated ATP demand, bioenergetics, and glycolysis and counteracting oxidative stress. In response to metabolic challenges, SAV1 KD cells can increase fatty acid oxidation or glucose-coupled oxidative phosphorylation capacity to compensate for substrate limitations or alternative fuel oxidation pathway inhibition.
A simple but novel glycymicelle ophthalmic solution based on two approved drugs empagliflozin and glycyrrhizin: in vitro/in vivo experimental evaluation for the treatment of corneal alkali burns
Authors: Sun Zongjian , Zhang Mingxin , Wei Yanjun , Li Mengshuang , Wu Xianggen , Xin Meng
Published: February 2023

A simple but novel ophthalmic solution based on two approved drugs (empagliflozin and glycyrrhizin) was developed with a significant effect against corneal alkali burns in mice involving the mechanism of inhibiting HMGB1 signaling.
Fate and recovery of nitrogen applied as slow release brown coal-urea in field microcosms: 15N tracer study
Authors: Saha Biplob K. , Rose Michael T. , Van Zwieten Lukas , Wong Vanessa N. L. , Rose Terry J. , Patti Antonio F.
Published: February 2023

The over-use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers for crop production can cause environmental pollution through leaching and gaseous losses, resulting in low N use efficiency (NUE).
Comparison of nitrate formation mechanisms from free amino acids and amines during ozonation: a computational study
Authors: Yin Shuning , Shen Qunfang , Liu Yong Dong , Zhong Rugang
Published: February 2023

Comparison of nitrate formation mechanisms from free amino acids and amines during ozonation was made using quantum chemical calculations.
Eco-friendly biodegradable nanocomposite materials and their recent use in food packaging applications: a review
Authors: El-Sayed Samah M. , Youssef Ahmed M.
Published: February 2023

There is significant interest in creating biobased polymers and innovative industrial techniques that can minimize fossil fuel use and migration to an eco-friendly and sustainable way of life.
Effect of kimchi intake on body weight of general community dwellers: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tan Li-Juan , Yun Ye-Rang , Hong Sung Wook , Shin Sangah
Published: February 2023

Long-term moderate kimchi intake (about 2–3 servings per day), mainly of baechu (cabbage) kimchi, was associated with weight loss in middle-aged and older Koreans, especially men.
Mechanism of ionic polarizability, bond valence, and crystal structure on the microwave dielectric properties of disordered Li10MTi13O32 (M = Zn, Mg) spinels
Authors: Tang Ying , Li Mu , Xiang Huaicheng , Li Jie , Qin Yuandong , Fang Liang
Published: February 2023

The influence mechanism of the microwave dielectric properties of disordered spinels Li10MTi13O32 (M = Zn, Mg) was investigated via structural refinement, ionic polarizability, bond valence, P–V–L theory, Raman spectroscopy, and DC conductivity.
A hybrid halide lead-free pseudo-perovskite with large birefringence
Authors: Huang Weiqi , Wu Xiaolong , Ahmed Belal , Li Yanqiang , Zhou Yang , Wang Han , Song Yipeng , Kuang Xiaojun , Luo Junhua , Zhao Sangen
Published: February 2023

A new 2D layered hybrid pseudo-perovskite, MLASnCl4(MLA = melamine), shows a large birefringence of up to 0.294@550 nm and excellent air stability.
Electronic structure regulation of halogen anion-intercalated MgAl-LDH for highly selective photothermal oxidation of CH4
Authors: Sun Xiaoliang , Xu Yanqi , Bai Sha , Liu Guihao , Shen Tianyang , Song Yu-Fei
Published: February 2023

The photothermal catalytic oxidation of CH4 was performed on a series of halogen anion-intercalated MgAl-LDHs. MgAl-F exhibited 86.5% selectivity for CO and completely inhibited the production of CO2, arising from the strong interaction of F− with OH on the host layer.
A new fan-like adaptive porous organic cage for the structure determination of liquid perfume molecules
Authors: Zhou Yu , Luo Peng , Xu Li-Jun , Xu Wei , Jiang Ren-Wang
Published: February 2023

Chloroform and nine liquid perfume guests were successfully encapsulated by a newly synthesized fan-like adaptive porous organic cage.
New insights into the base catalyzed depolymerization of technical lignins: a systematic comparison
Authors: Pazhavelikkakath Purushothaman Rajeesh Kumar , van Erven Gijs , van Es Daan S. , Rohrbach Léon , Frissen Augustinus E. , van Haveren Jacco , Gosselink Richard J. A.
Published: February 2023

Towards a lignin BCD biorefinery! Overall understanding of the BCD process, feedstock-dependent fractionation results, complete valorization of BCD-derived lignin streams.
Coupling Au-loaded magnetic frameworks to photonic crystal for the improvement of photothermal heating effect in SERS
Authors: Wang Tianxing , Xiao Panpan , Ye Li , Zhu Pengcheng , Zhuang Lin
Published: February 2023

The combination of plasmonic metals and photonic crystal (PC) structure is considered to have potential for further enhancement of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in comparison with conventional metal SERS substrates.
Enhancing the stability and efficiency of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells by theophylline-BF4− alkaloid derivatives, a theoretical-experimental approach
Authors: González-Juárez Edgar , Espinosa-Roa Arián , Cadillo-Martínez Alejandra T. , Garay-Tapia Andrés M. , Amado-Briseño Miguel A. , Vázquez-García Rosa A. , Valdez-Calderon Alejandro , Velusamy Jayaramakrishnan , Sanchez Eduardo M.
Published: February 2023

The incorporation of new quaternized theophylline and BF4 additives in MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells increases efficiency and stability in controlled humidity.
Synthesis of symmetric bis-α-ketoamides from renewable starting materials and comparative study of their nucleating efficiency in PLLA
Authors: Marchi Pietro , Wang Wei , Puig Cristián , Martin Ander , Crovetto Tullio , Labidi Jalel , Riva Renata , Cavallo Dario , Moni Lisa
Published: February 2023

A new class of organic nucleating agents for PLLA has been obtained through a Passerini multicomponent reaction using biobased building blocks.
Membrane-tethered activation design of a photosensitizer boosts systemic antitumor immunityviapyroptosis
Authors: Lu Pei , Liu Xianjun , Chu Xia , Wang Fenglin , Jiang Jian-Hui
Published: February 2023

The membrane-tethered activation design of a new phenylbenzopyrylium photosensitizer (PS) with zwitterionic lipid pendants that allows long-lasting fluorogenic imaging of tumors, persistent photodynamic therapy and systemic anti-tumor immunity.
Molecular engineering for sensitive, fast and stable quasi-two-dimensional perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Li Wenfeng , Wu Qi , Lu Lihua , Tian Yuanyuan , Luo Hongqiang , Yun Yikai , Jiang Sijie , Chen Mengyu , Li Cheng
Published: February 2023

Molecular engineering contributes to a well-aligned stacking of low-dimensional compositions in quasi-two-dimensional perovskite thin-films, resulting in high performance and stable-operation photodetectors across the whole visible range.
Evidence of progressive Fe2+ to Fe3+oxidation in Fe2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Aragón F. F. H. , Villegas-Lelovsky L. , Parizaka J. G. , Zela E. G. , Bendezu R. , Gallegos R. O. , Pacheco-Salazar D. G. , da Silva S. W. , Cohen R. , Nagamine L. C. C. M. , Coaquira J. A. H. , Morais P. C.
Published: February 2023

When Fe-ions enter into the ZnO NPs, their oxidation state can be tuned and the excitonic peak enlarges, indicating that the ZnO lattice becomes more disordered. The AFM interactions found in paramagnetic NPs become stronger as Fe content increases.
Diagnosis of fatigue cracks in structural elements manufactured by additive manufacturing
Authors: Karolewski Sebastian , Karolewska Karolina , Horbai Orest
Published: February 2023

Recently, the production of metal structural elements using additive processes is gaining popularity. They allow the production of an element of any geometry and structure, while reducing the mass of the produced part. Unfortunately, the AM technology causes structural elements to be burdened with numerous defects in the form of porosity, unmelted powder, weak interlayer bonds or residual stresses, etc. These defects translate into the possibility of an early, uncontrolled fatigue crack. For this reason, it is important to find ways to quickly detect damage caused by random variable loads. The work presents methods of diagnosing cracks and fatigue damage in structural elements produced using 3D printing. The division of research methods allowing for the detection of defects in structural elements and the characteristics of the most popular methods, taking into account their advantages and limitations, were presented. Methods appropriate for a given type of material, test conditions and damages are indicated. The most important methods of diagnosing defects in printed elements include: penetrating, ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current and thermal imaging methods.
Simulation of the TATA 079 suburban bus rollover tests in accordance with UN/ECE Regulation No. 66
Authors: Holenko Kostyantyn , Dykha Aleksandr , Kalaczyński Tomasz , Matiukh Serhii , Horbai Orest
Published: February 2023

This work is a logical continuation of studies presented in the author’s previous publications [1,2,3] on establishing the analytical application features of the developed methodology for simulating natural tests in accordance with UN/ECE Regulation No. 66. [4], as well as evaluating the identity between calculated and experimental results of checking the reserve of cabin space. The relevance of the proposed methodology is primarily related to the need to comply with the requirements of the current Regulation regarding the level of passive safety of passengers in the cabin during the certification of buses: a real-life approach to testing is conducted with a series of crash tests, which lead to the inevitable destruction of the bus body frame. We would like to remind that the specific weight of the body cost in the total cost of the bus, depending on its type, can reach up to 50% of its price, which leads to exorbitant costs during the certification of road prototypes before the start of their commercial operation.
System of Distribution of Cosmetic Products on Polish Market on Example of Selected Company in Safety and Quality of Products Aspect
Authors: Augustyn Sławomir , Kawińska Magdalena
Published: February 2023

The distribution system of a selected company was analysed against the background of the cosmetics market in Poland, indicating changes in distribution channels. The profile of the company was presented, describing the company’s statutory objectives, organizational structure, distribution channels, product catalogue and control and quality system. An analysis of the distribution of competing companies was carried out, indicating their market position. An assessment of the selected company was made, indicating its strengths and weaknesses and formulating opportunities and threats. Directions for the development of the distribution system of the enterprise under analysis were proposed including in terms of product safety and quality.
Ein umfassendes Screening auf Hepatitis B und C ist eine effektive Krebsprävention und die Voraussetzung für die Elimination dieser Infektionen – Daten und Anmerkungen zu einer Diskussion
Authors: Wolffram Ingmar
Published: February 2023

Seit dem Oktober 2021 können in Deutschland alle Versicherten ab 35 Jahren einmalig bei der Gesundheitsuntersuchung (GU) auf Hepatitis B (HBV) und C (HCV) getestet werden – unabhängig von spezifischen Risiken. Dies ist ein großer Beitrag zur Krebsprävention und zur Elimination dieser Infektionen. In den USA wird von den Centers for Disease Control and Prevention seit April 2020 ein einmaliges Screening auf HCV für alle Erwachsenen ab dem Alter von 18 Jahren, zusätzlich zu einer Testung bei bekannten Risiken empfohlen, da ein erheblicher Anteil der Betroffenen nicht durch eine risikobasierte Testung entdeckt werden kann. Entsprechende Empfehlungen für ein universelles HBV-Screening werden z.Z. von der CDC erarbeitet. Nach den vorliegenden Daten ist ein solches Screening in Kombination mit einem Angebot einer HBV-Impfung auch in Deutschland für das Erreichen der WHO-Eliminationsziele bis zum Jahre 2030 notwendig. Ein derartiges Testangebot auf HBV und HCV für alle Erwachsenen erscheint auch ethisch geboten, geboten, um durch frühzeitige Therapien möglichst viele lebensbedrohliche Folgen bzw. Todesfälle zu verhindern.
Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand im alpinen Gelände
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Kulla Martin , Lechner Raimund
Published: February 2023

Die Anzahl von Touristen und Freizeitsportlern in Bergregionen nimmt zu. Im Verhältnis dazu steigt auch die Zahl an Notfallsituationen wie Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand. Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen in diesen Umgebungsbedingungen sind anspruchsvoll. Eine besondere Bedeutung in diesem Rahmen hat die prolongierte kardiopulmonale Reanimation.
Xiphodynia as an Unusual Cause of Chest Pain: A Case Series
Authors: van Boekel Anniek , Stollenwerck Guido , Ritchie Ewan D. , Vogels Sanne
Published: February 2023

Introduction Treatment options for xiphodynia are injections with local corticosteroid injections or surgical resection of the xiphoid process. Currently, there is no consensus as to which treatment is the most optimal.

Objectives The aim of this case series was to compare the safety and efficacy of conservative and surgical treatment for patients with xiphodynia.

Patients and Methods A retrospective case series was performed. All patients presenting with xiphodynia between 2016 and 2021 were eligible. Demographic data and treatment regimes, including preoperative work-up and surgical technique, were extracted from the electronic patient files. In addition, all patients received a follow-up phone call with a questionnaire. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale.

Results A total of five patients, suffering from xiphodynia for up to 10 years, completed the follow-up questionnaire (median patient age, 57 years; range 51–68 years). Three of these patients initially received conservative treatment with local injections with corticosteroids for at least 6 months. One patient was satisfied with the results and did not opt for surgical treatment. Eventually, four patients were treated surgically by removing the xiphoid process. No postoperative complications were recorded and 100% of the patients who underwent a xiphoidectomy were free of symptoms and satisfied with the results.

Conclusion Symptoms related to xiphodynia can be relieved using conservative or surgical treatment, where the latter seems to be a safe and effective solution.
Simulation and experimental study on ECT of circumferential cracks in small-diameter tubes
Authors: Yin Zun , Li Jiaojiao , Meng Yongle , Qin Jianzhu , Tang Dianwu , Hou Zhaotang , Li Zhaoyang
Published: February 2023

Circumferential crack detection of small diameter tubes is a difficult problem to solve in eddy current testing. The three-dimensional simulation model is established through electromagnetic field simulation software to analyze the eddy current field distribution of the traditional bobbin probe and transverse cylindrical probe in small diameter tubes. The results show that the circumferential crack has a more marked disturbance to the eddy current field generated by the latter. Based on the simulation research, a new type of probe based on transverse excitation is designed to detect the artificial circumferential crack of the specimen with the designed probe, which can effectively detect the circumferential crack and has a potentially high sensitivity to the narrower natural circumferential crack.
A broadband high-brightness quantum-dot double solid immersion lens single photon source
Authors: Ahn D. H. , Jang Y. D. , Baek J. S. , Park S. I. , Song J. D. , Lee D.
Published: February 2023

High-brightness single photon sources (SPSs) are key components for practical quantum information processing systems. Although the performances of recently reported high-brightness SPSs are excellent, it remains challenging to match the emission wavelength of a quantum dot (QD) to the cavity since the high-Q cavity structures have narrow spectral bandwidths. Here, we propose a highly bright and broadband QD SPS that can be deterministically fabricated with a simple yet precise method. The optimized GaAs-polymer double solid immersion lens structure is capable of a brightness of 88% at 0.5 NA and has an operation band of 65 nm with a brightness of over 80% from numerical simulations. Experimentally, we achieved a brightness of 51.6% ± 2% and pure single photon emission [g(2)(0) = 0.029 ± 0.005] at saturation. We believe that our result can pave the way to a practical high-brightness QD SPS, considering its simple QD geometry together with its low cost and precise deterministic fabrication without using expensive and complicated e-beam lithography and dry etching processes.
A study on combination of number of poles and slots of motor and number of magnetic bearing phase for uniform control of rotor
Authors: Hong Min-Ki , Yang In-Jun , Jung Dong-Hoon , Min Jeong-Yeon , Kim Won-Ho
Published: February 2023

By applying the halbach arrangement, an integrated magnetic bearing structure can be designed that secures the space inside the rotor core as a space for inserting the magnetic bearing. In this case, since the bearing is present inside the rotor, the bearing magnetic flux for controlling the rotor position is affected by the magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the rotating magnetic field of the phase winding of the stator. At this time, in a specific combination of the number of pole slots, the arrangement of the windings of the stator facing the bearing teeth appears asymmetrically for each bearing phase. In this paper, for more linear control, the formula for the number of stator pole slots and the number of bearing teeth to eliminate structurally generated force asymmetry was presented, and the formula was verified by comparative analysis of the force waveform for each axis. The validity of the proposed model was verified using the finite element method.
Evaluation and prediction of ecological environment of Karst World Heritage Sites based on Google Earth Engine : A case study of Libo-Huanjiang Karst
Authors: Zhang Ning , Xiong Kangning , Zhang Juan , Xiao Hua
Published: February 2023

The results show that: (1) the contribution rate of the four ecological indicators on the first principal component (PC1) is more than 90%. The construction of RSEI based on PC1 is applicable in Karst World Nature Heritage Sites (WNHS) and can be used to monitor and evaluate the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of ecological environment. (2) The mean values of RSEI of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site during 2000, 2007, 2013 and 2020 were 0.5435, 0.5465, 0.6009 and 0.5101, The overall ecological quality is mainly moderate and good, but in the eastern part of the heritage site the ecological quality is poor. (3) The evolution of ecological environment quality during the 20 years is mainly divided into the development trend of rapidly getting better, slowly getting better, and maintaining stability. (4) In the analysis of the relationship between RSEI and altitude, it is found that the ecological environment quality is mainly inferior, less favourable and moderate in areas with altitudes below 600m, and there is a positive relationship between ecological quality level and altitude. (5) By analyzing the ,apparent spatial aggregation between ecological environment quality, and then simulating the ecological grades in 2027 and 2033 using CA-Markov model, it is predicted that the area of medium and excellent ecological grades will increase in the future, but the ecological environment quality still needs to be improved in the eastern region due to the development of tourism industry. Overall, the remote sensing ecological index is an effective model for evaluating and monitoring the ecological environment quality of karst heritage sites; the ecological environment quality of Libo-Huanjiang heritage site is in a steady state of improvement, and the conservation measures of relevant departments are beginning to bear fruit; further coordination between conservation and development is needed to promote the sustainable development of heritage sites and to provide effective solutions for monitoring other karst-like heritage sites.
Exfoliablity, magnetism, energy storage and stability of metal thiophosphate nanosheets made in liquid medium
Authors: Synnatschke Kevin , van Dinter Jonas , Müller Alina , Tiede David , Spillecke Lena , Shao Shouqi , Kelly Daniel , Konecny Jan , Konkena Bharathi , McCrystall Mark , Saigal Nihit , Wurstbauer Ursula , Bensch Wolfgang , Sofer Zdeněk , Coleman Jonathan N , Klingeler Rüdiger , Haigh Sarah J , Backes Claudia
Published: February 2023

The family of antiferromagnetic layered metal hexathiohypo diphosphates, M2P2S6 represents a versatile class of materials, particularly interesting for fundamental studies on magnetic properties in low dimensional structures, and yet exhibiting great potential for a broad variety of applications including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, and spintronics. In this work, three representatives of this family of 2D materials (M = Fe, Ni, and Mn) are exfoliated in the liquid phase under inert conditions and the nanosheet’s properties are studied in detail for different sizes of all three compounds. Centrifugation-based size selection is performed for this purpose. The exfoliability and structural integrity of the nanosheets is studied by statistical atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Further, we report size and thickness dependent optical properties and spectroscopic metrics for the average material dimensions in dispersion, as well as the nanomaterials’ magnetic response using a combination of cryo-Raman and superconducting quantum interference device measurements. Finally, the material stability is studied semi-quantitatively, using time and temperature dependent extinction and absorbance spectroscopy, enabling the determination of the materials’ half-life, portion of reacted substance and the macroscopic activation energy for the degradation.
Multi-response optimization of magnetic abrasive finishing for AZ-31 alloy using RSM-GRA approach
Authors: Babbar Rajesh , Misra Aviral
Published: February 2023

A magnetic abrasive finishing is a non-traditional technology utilizes a flexible magnetic abrasive brush comprises of magnetic abrasive particles under the influence of the magnetic field to perform nano-finishing. The material removal (MR) and percentage change in surface roughness (%∆R

a
) are responses governing the efficiency of the finishing process. But, a high material removal during the finishing operation leads to the loss in form/shape of the finished surface. A compromise has to be made considering the two responses for an optimized finishing operation. In this work, a multi-response optimization was executed using grey relation analysis (GRA). The objective functions considered are to maximize %∆R

a
and minimize MR. The experiments were designed and conducted using response surface methodology. The workpiece material was taken as AZ-31 alloy. The optimized conditions observed were %∆R

a
as 67.43% and MR as 63 mg at the working gap of 2 mm, rotational speed of 600 rpm, voltage of 18 volts and abrasive particle mesh number of 400 mesh. The GRA also reveals that the working gap has the strongest influence on the finishing considering both responses concurrently. The ANOVA analysis was also executed to analyze the significant interaction effects of process parameters on output responses.
A note on rank one quadratic twists of elliptic curves and the non-degeneracy of 𝑝-adic regulators at Eisenstein primes
Authors: Burungale Ashay , Skinner Christopher
Published: February 2023

We show that for certain non-CM elliptic curves

E

/

Q

E_{/\mathbb {Q}}

such that

3
3

is an Eisenstein prime of good reduction, a positive proportion of the quadratic twists

E

ψ

E_{\psi }

of

E
E

have Mordell–Weil rank one and the

3
3

-adic height pairing on

E

ψ

(

Q

)

E_{\psi }(\mathbb {Q})

is non-degenerate. We also show similar but weaker results for other Eisenstein primes. The method of proof also yields examples of middle codimensional algebraic cycles over number fields of arbitrarily large dimension (generalized Heegner cycles) that have non-zero

p
p

-adic height. It is not known – though expected – that the archimedian height of these higher-codimensional cycles is non-zero.
Non-commutative deformations of perverse coherent sheaves and rational curves
Authors: Kawamata Yujiro
Published: February 2023

We consider non-commutative deformations of sheaves on algebraic varieties. We develop some tools to determine parameter algebras of versal non-commutative deformations for partial simple collections and the structure sheaves of smooth rational curves. We apply them to universal flopping contractions of length

2
2

and higher. We confirm Donovan-Wemyss conjecture in the case of deformations of Laufer’s flops.
Examples and conjectures on the regularity of solutions to balance laws
Authors: Ancona Fabio , Bianchini Stefano , Bressan Alberto , Colombo Rinaldo , Nguyen Khai
Published: February 2023

The paper discusses various regularity properties for solutions to a scalar, 1-dimensional conservation law with strictly convex flux and integrable source. In turn, these yield compactness estimates on the solution set. Similar properties are expected to hold for2×22\times 2genuinely nonlinear systems.
Liberty, Equality, Slavery
Authors: Clay Lauren R
Published: February 2023

During the winter of 1789–90, contemporaries in Paris observed intense controversy over the future of the lucrative colonial slave trade. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, in proclaiming all men free and equal, raised questions about the legality of slaving. Both the abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks and proslavery commercial lobbyists representing France’s chambers of commerce, influenced by developments in Britain and the United States, sought to force the slave trade onto the legislative agenda. Countering a consensus that the French revolutionaries never confronted the problem of the slave trade, this essay looks beyond the floor of the National Constituent Assembly to reveal the high-stakes debates that played out largely shielded from public view: in correspondence, in legislative committees, in the Jacobin Club, and in private meetings. This contest served as a proving ground for France’s new representative government and an engine for political innovation, engaging a broad cast of nonelected political actors in the process of lawmaking. Faced with the threat of bankruptcy, revolutionaries voted overwhelmingly to reconcile liberty, equality, and slavery, establishing precedents for future regimes.
Loneliness—a clinical primer
Authors: Lederman Zohar
Published: February 2023

Introduction

loneliness is prevalent worldwide. It is also associated with an increased risk for depression, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, stroke and early death. As such, loneliness is a major public health issue. This paper summarizes the salient points clinicians should know and encourages clinicians to assume an active part in the identification, mitigation and prevention of loneliness.

Sources of data

white papers, academic publications.

Areas of agreement

loneliness is a distressful subjective experience, which does not always correlate with social isolation. Both internal (personal) and external (contextual, societal) factors determine whether an individual would feel lonely in a given situation.

Areas of controversy

identifying loneliness in the clinic may be time consuming and challenging. There is a scarce robust evidence to support interventions.

Growing points

due to increased individualization and incidence of infectious diseases, loneliness is likely to become even more prevalent.

Areas timely for developing research

more research is needed to further elucidate the health impacts of loneliness as well as to find evidence-based interventions to prevent and mitigate loneliness that could then be implemented by policy-makers and clinicians.
Four Kinds of Polymer Microspheres Prepared by the Seed Swelling Method Used to Purify the Industrial Production of Phytol
Authors: Liu Shixiang , Fang Zhipeng , Li Yanan , Kang Linlin , Cong Hailin , Shen Youqing , Yu Bing
Published: February 2023

Four monodisperse porous polymer microspheres were successfully prepared by seed emulsion polymerization and used as stationary phases for HPLC and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC). All four polymer microspheres(polystyrene–polystyrene (PS-PS), polystyrene-poly(glycidyl methylate) (PS-PGMA), polystyrene-poly(methyl methylate) and poly(glycidyl methylate)–poly(glycidyl methylate) were used for filling HPLC empty columns. According to the analysis results of the HPLC column, PS-PS and PS-PGMA microspheres were screened out as the stationary phase of Prep-HPLC. The industrial-grade phytol was successfully separated and purified, and the purity of the final phytol was as high as 99%. The two types of polymer microspheres have been applied to industrial-grade phytol purification and have been used in factories.
Collective decision-making and spatial patterns in orientation of an endemic ungulate on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yan Xueting , Wang Xu , Zhao Yumeng , Zhu Qin , Yang Le , Li Zhongqiu
Published: February 2023

Group living animals form striking aggregation patterns and display synchronization, polarization, and collective intelligence. Though many collective behavioral studies have been conducted on small animals like insects and fish, research on large animals is still rare due to the limited availability of field collective data. We used drones to record videos and analyzed the decision-making and behavioral spatial patterns in orientation of Kiang (Tibetan wild ass, Equus kiang). Leadership is unevenly distributed among Kiang, with the minority initiating majority behavior-shift decisions. Decisions of individual to join are driven by imitation between group members, and are largely dependent on the number of members who have already joined. Kiang respond to the behavior and position of neighbors through different strategies. They strongly polarize when moving, therefore adopting a linear alignment. When vigilant, orientation deviation increases as they form a tighter group. They remain scattered while feeding and, in that context, adopt a side-by-side alignment. This study reveals partially-shared decision-making among Kiang, whereby copying neighbors provides the wisdom to thrive in harsh conditions. This study also suggests that animals’ spatial patterns in orientation depend largely on their behavioral states in achieving synchronization.
Life’s Essential 8 and the risk of cardiovascular disease death and all-cause mortality in Finnish men
Authors: Isiozor Nzechukwu M , Kunutsor Setor K , Voutilainen Ari , Laukkanen Jari A
Published: February 2023

Aims

The aim of the study was to examine the association between Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Methods and results

The LE8 was computed for 1662 men, aged 42–60 years, without pre-existing history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease study. The LE8 factors include diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep, body mass index, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipids. Each LE8 factor was scored between 0 and 100 points. The summation of all points generated the total LE8 score, which was categorized into quartiles ≤−420, >420–485, >485–550, and >550. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of LE8 scores for the outcomes. During a median follow-up of 30 years, 402 and 987 men died from CVD and any cause, respectively. The total LE8 score among participants ranged from 185 to 750. The higher the LE8 scores, the lower the risk of dying from CVD and all-cause. Following adjustment for age, alcohol consumption, and socio-economic status, every 50-unit increase in LE8 score was associated with 17% and 14% lower risk of CVD and all-cause deaths, respectively. Men within LE8 top quartile had 60% lower risk of CVD mortality when compared with those within the bottom quartile.

Conclusion

Life’s Essential 8 was strongly and inversely associated with the risk of CVD death and all-cause mortality among ageing men. Measures that promote optimal LE8 scores should be encouraged among the general population.
Associations of smoking with early- and late-onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Li Hengjing , Chen Xuechen , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: February 2023

Background

Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger adults is increasing in many countries. Smoking is an established risk factor of CRC risk, but evidence on its impact on early-onset CRC (EOCRC) risk is limited. We aimed to evaluate the association of smoking exposure with EOCRC and compare it with late-onset CRC (LOCRC).

Methods

Smoking history and other known or suspected CRC risk factors were ascertained in detail in personal interviews among 6264 CRC patients and 6866 controls (frequency matched for age, sex, and county of residence) who were recruited in 2003-2020 in the DACHS study (Darmkrebs: Chancen der Verhütung durch Screening [German]; Colorectal Cancer: Chances for Prevention Through Screening [English]), a population-based case-control study from Germany. Associations of smoking with EOCRC (<55 years, 724 cases, 787 controls) and LOCRC (≥55years, 5540 cases, 6079 controls) were estimated using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Smoking exposure was much higher among EOCRC cases than among controls, and strong associations of smoking were observed for both EOCRC and LOCR. Adjusted odds ratios for EOCRC and LOCRC were as follows: current smoking: 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20 to 2.04, P < .001) and 1.46 (95% CI = 1.28 to 1.67, P < .001); former smoking: 1.39 (95% CI = 1.07 to 1.81, P = .01) and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.13 to 1.36, P < .001); per 10 pack-years: 1.15 (95% CI = 1.05 to 1.27, P < .001) and 1.05 (95% CI = 1.03 to 1.08, P < .001). These patterns were similar for colon and rectum cancer and for early- and late-stage CRC.

Conclusion

Smoking is a strong risk factor for both EOCRC and LOCRC.
The effect of cancer exemption in mandatory-access prescription drug monitoring programs among oncologists
Authors: Graetz Ilana , Hu Xin , Ji Xu , Wetzel Martha , Yarbrough Courtney R
Published: February 2023

To address the opioid epidemic, some states mandate that prescribers review a state-run prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) database before prescribing opioids. We used Medicare Part D prescriber data from 2013 (baseline) to 2019 to examine the association between state mandatory-access PDMPs, with and without a cancer exemption, and changes in the percent of oncologists’ patients with any opioid fill per year, stratified by oncologists’ baseline prescribing volume. Among 9746 medical or hematologic oncologists, the proportion of patients prescribed opioids declined after states implemented mandatory-access PDMPs without a cancer exemption overall (−0.49 percentage point, 95% confidence interval = −0.78 to −0.20 percentage point) and among those with above-median baseline prescribing, but not in states with a cancer exemption (−0.16 percentage point, 95% confidence interval = −0.50 to 0.18 percentage point) or with below-median baseline prescribing. Carefully designed mandatory-access PDMPs with cancer exemptions minimize unnecessary reductions in prescription opioid treatments among oncology patients in need of pain management.
Bladder perforation as a rare complication of urethra sounding with a blunt marking pen
Authors: Reztsova Mariya , Chien Kevin S , Post Kendall T , Canales Alexander , Yokota Shinichiro
Published: February 2023

Urethral sounding is the insertion of an object or liquid into the urethra for sexual gratification. It is associated with a substantial risk of loss of the foreign body in the bladder, urethral strictures or infection. Bladder perforation is a rare complication of urethral sounding which is usually associated with a sharp object. Here, we present the case of a young adult female presenting with abdominal pain after practicing urethral sounding with a blunt marking pen. She was found to have an intraperitoneal bladder perforation, requiring exploratory laparotomy and bladder repair.
Initial state of the recombining plasma in supernova remnant W 28
Authors: Himono Rui , Nobukawa Masayoshi , Yamauchi Shigeo , Nobukawa Kumiko K , Suzuki Nari
Published: February 2023

We have investigated supernova remnant (SNR) W 28 using Suzaku archival data, and we report here the results of our spatially resolved analyses. We carried out spectral analyses using a recombining-plasma (RP) model with element-dependent initial ionization temperatures, obtaining ∼0.5 keV for Ne, ∼0.7 keV for Mg, ∼1.0 keV for Si, ∼1.2 keV for S, ∼1.4 keV for Ar, ∼1.7 keV for Ca, and ∼0.7 keV for Fe in the initial RP phase. In addition to the north-east regions where RPs have been reported previously, we find that the ionization temperatures in the south-east and south-west regions exhibit trends that are similar to those in the central region in the initial RP phase. We also find that the time elapsed from the initial phase of the RP to the present is shorter in the central region, ∼300 yr, and longer in the outside regions, ∼103–104 yr. Our results cannot be explained by simple scenarios involving thermal conduction into molecular clouds or by adiabatic cooling (due to rarefaction), indicating that more complex mechanisms or other scenarios are required. We also estimate the ejecta mass to be ≳14 M⊙, which indicates that this SNR was produced by a massive star.
Hatemongers ride on echo chambers to escalate hate speech diffusion
Authors: Goel Vasu , Sahnan Dhruv , Dutta Subhabrata , Bandhakavi Anil , Chakraborty Tanmoy
Published: February 2023

Recent years have witnessed a swelling rise of hateful and abusive content over online social networks. While detection and moderation of hate speech have been the early go-to countermeasures, the solution requires a deeper exploration of the dynamics of hate generation and propagation. We analyze more than 32 million posts from over 6.8 million users across three popular online social networks to investigate the interrelations between hateful behavior, information dissemination, and polarized organization mediated by echo chambers. We find that hatemongers play a more crucial role in governing the spread of information compared to singled-out hateful content. This observation holds for both the growth of information cascades as well as the conglomeration of hateful actors. Dissection of the core-wise distribution of these networks points towards the fact that hateful users acquire a more well-connected position in the social network and often flock together to build up information cascades. We observe that this cohesion is far from mere organized behavior; instead, in these networks, hatemongers dominate the echo chambers—groups of users actively align themselves to specific ideological positions. The observed dominance of hateful users to inflate information cascades is primarily via user interactions amplified within these echo chambers. We conclude our study with a cautionary note that popularity-based recommendation of content is susceptible to be exploited by hatemongers given their potential to escalate content popularity via echo-chambered interactions.
A model of pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone dark matter from a softly brokenSU(2) global symmetry with aU(1) gauge symmetry
Authors: Abe Tomohiro , Hamada Yu
Published: February 2023

A model of the pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone (pNG) dark matter (DM) is proposed. We assume that there is an SU(2)g global symmetry and a U(1)X gauge symmetry in the dark sector, and they are spontaneously broken into a U(1)D global symmetry after a scalar field develops a vacuum expectation value. We add a soft symmetry-breaking term that breaks the SU(2)g global symmetry into the U(1)g global symmetry explicitly. Our model predicts a stable complex pNG particle under the U(1)D global symmetry. One of the virtues of the pNG DM models is that the models can explain the current null results of the direct detection experiments. The small momentum transfer suppresses the scattering amplitudes thanks to the low-energy behavior of the Nambu–Goldstone boson. In our model, the soft symmetry-breaking term is uniquely determined. This is the advantage of our model compared to some earlier works in which some soft symmetry-breaking terms cannot be forbidden but are simply assumed to be absent to avoid the constraints from the direct detection experiments. We calculate the thermal relic abundance of the pNG DM and find that the model can explain the measured value of the DM energy density under some constraints from perturbative unitarity.
Evaluating the efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with moderate rheumatoid arthritis: a post-hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trials
Authors: Conaghan Philip G , Pavelka Karel , Hsieh Song-Chou , Bonnington Terri-Leigh , Kent Toby C , Marchbank Katie , Edwards Christopher J
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Moderately active RA is associated with poor patient outcomes. Despite this, some health systems have restricted access to advanced therapies to those with severe RA. There is also limited evidence of the efficacy of advanced therapies in the moderately active RA population. This post-hoc analysis from four phase 3 trials explored the efficacy of upadacitinib (UPA) for moderately active RA.

Methods

Patients included in this analysis received UPA 15 mg once daily [monotherapy after switching from MTX or in combination with stable background conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs)] or placebo. Clinical, functional and radiographic outcomes were analysed separately for patients with moderate disease activity {28-joint count DAS using CRP [DAS28(CRP)] of >3.2 and ≤5.1} and severe disease activity [DAS28(CRP) >5.1].

Results

Patients with moderate disease activity who received UPA 15 mg (combination or monotherapy) after an inadequate response to biologic DMARDs and/or csDMARDs were significantly more likely to achieve a 20% improvement in the ACR response criteria, low disease activity status [DAS28(CRP) ≤ 3.2] or clinical remission [DAS28(CRP) < 2.6] by week 12/14 vs placebo. Statistically significant improvements in patient-reported functioning and pain from baseline were observed for UPA 15 mg vs placebo at week 12/14. Radiographic progression was also significantly reduced at week 26 compared with placebo. Similar improvements were observed for severe disease.

Conclusion

This analysis provides support for the use of UPA for the treatment of patients with moderate RA.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: SELECT-NEXT: NCT02675426; SELECT-COMPARE: NCT02629159; SELECT-MONOTHERAPY: NCT02706951; SELECT-BEYOND: NCT02706847.
Exploring the brain with sleep-related injuries, and fixing it
Authors: Harper Ronald M
Published: February 2023

The focus of my research efforts rests with determining dysfunctional neural systems underlying disorders of sleep, and identifying interventions to overcome those disorders. Aberrant central and physiological control during sleep exerts serious consequences, including disruptions in breathing, motor control, blood pressure, mood, and cognition, and plays a major role in sudden infant death syndrome, congenital central hypoventilation, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, among other concerns. The disruptions can be traced to brain structural injury, leading to inappropriate outcomes. Identification of failing systems arose from the assessment of single neuron discharge in intact, freely moving and state-changing human and animal preparations within multiple systems, including serotonergic action and motor control sites. Optical imaging of chemosensitive, blood pressure and other breathing regulatory areas, especially during development, were useful to show integration of regional cellular action in modifying neural output. Identification of damaged neural sites in control and afflicted humans through structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging procedures helped to identify the sources of injury, and the nature of interactions between brain sites that compromise physiological systems and lead to failure. Interventions to overcome flawed regulatory processes were developed, and incorporate noninvasive neuromodulatory means to recruit ancient reflexes or provide peripheral sensory stimulation to assist breathing drive to overcome apnea, reduce the frequency of seizures, and support blood pressure in conditions where a failure to perfuse can lead to death.
Subtle Responses of Soil Bacterial Communities to Corn-Soybean-Wheat Rotation
Authors: Huo Daowen , Malacrinò Antonino , Lindsey Laura E. , Benitez Maria-Soledad
Published: February 2023

Crop rotational diversity can improve crop productivity and soil health, and boost soil microbial diversity. This research hypothesized that a 3-year rotation of corn-soybean-wheat (CSW), compared with a 2-year corn-soybean (CS) rotation, would result in a more diverse and more complex soil bacterial community, together with a greater abundance of beneficial bacteria. This was evaluated in a replicated experiment established in 2013 at two locations in Ohio (United States). The soil bacterial communities under soybean were compared between CS and CSW at both studied sites in 2018 and 2019, through 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon metabarcoding. Experimental site was the main driver of bacterial richness and evenness. Significant effects on bacterial community composition were observed in response to the interaction between site, rotational sequence, and year of study. Eight bacterial amplicon sequence variants were identified within all CSW treatments and were not present in CS. Several taxa were differentially abundant between rotation treatments, including the genera Ralstonia being more abundant in CS. Co-occurrence networks, including hub taxa, were generally different between rotation treatments and year, with more structure observed in CSW networks for one of the studied sites. Few bacterial genera were consistently identified as hubs across all networks, including an unidentified member of order Acidobacteriales, while other hubs were unique for CSW networks, including members of the family Gemmatimonadaceae. Finally, the composition of the bacterial communities at the northwestern site positively correlated with plant biomass and active carbon, whereas more recalcitrant pools (total carbon and organic water) correlated with the bacterial communities at the western site.