bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recht auf Bilder?: Visualisierungen im juristischen Kontext zur Wissensvermittlung und -verarbeitung
Authors: Ihden Tanja
Published: June 2019

Recht und Rechtswissenschaft verschließen sich weitgehend vor der Integration von Bildern in Texte, obwohl vereinzelt Vorstöße zu Visualisierungsanwendungen gewagt wurden, die sowohl für den Einsatz in der Ausbildung sowie die Verwendung in der Praxis konzipiert wurden. Dieser Beitrag stellt heraus, welche konkreten Beiträge Grafiken im Allgemeinen zur Informationsverarbeitung leisten können und enthält eine Entwicklung von Kriterien für eine optimale Gestaltung von Abbildungen. Als Anwendungsbeispiel einer Visualisierung erfolgt die Vorstellung von kausalen Netzen, die ein Entscheidungsproblem und dessen Komponenten grafisch übersichtlich darstellen und zueinander in Beziehung setzen können.
Moralisierung eines Konflikts. Eine lokale Auseinandersetzung zwischen Stadtverwaltung und Anwohnendeninitiative um den Neubau einer Anschlussunterbringung für Geflüchtete
Authors: Dieterich Manuel
Published: June 2019

Bezugnehmend auf neuere Arbeiten zur Soziologie der Moral analysiert der Beitrag eine Auseinandersetzung zwischen staatlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen AkteurInnen (Stadtverwaltung/LokalpolitikerInnen und Anwohnendeninitiative) um den Neubau einer Anschlussunterbringung für Geflüchtete. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist dabei die Zuschreibung von Verantwortlichkeit sowie die Annahme eines exzeptionellen moralischen Status des Staates. In dem Konflikt findet sich die Bezugnahme auf zwei moral metagoods: Verhaltensregeln mit den Topoi Anstand und Fairness sowie die Anwaltschaft für die Sprachlosen mit dem Topos Altruismus. Die Moralisierung des Konflikts führt dabei nicht zu einer Klärung desselben oder zu einem ›besseren Leben‹, sondern bewirkt vielmehr eine Eskalation des Konflikts.
Interpreting Kierkegaard’s Notion That “Truth Is Subjectivity”
Authors: Healy Michael J. , Chervin Ronda de Sola ,   Catholic University of America Press
Published: June 2019

The article interprets Kierkegaard’s thesis that “truth is subjectivity,” unfolding four possible meanings:1. the deepest kinds of knowledge can only come from lived experience;2. self-knowledge is essential for metanoia or change;3. if the “how” is right, then the “what” or the truth will also be given; and4. the deepest importance of truth lies in living it.These reflections are then related to personalist themes: the incarnate person as responsible, as inviolable, and as averse to coercion; the incarnate person as having a mysterious interiority, an infinite abyss of existence, and as never reducible to a mere part of a whole nor simply determined from within or without; this interiority is not isolating but opens up toward others; and freedom is not arbitrary but implies universal moral and particular religious calls.Finally, I ask whether Kierkegaard’s personalism is too individualistic and does not do full justice to some of the themes here.
On the Difference between the Cosmological and the Personalist Understanding of the Human Being
Authors: Crosby John F. ,   Catholic University of America Press
Published: June 2019

In this essay, I try to advance the reception of Karol Wojtyła’s seminal essay “Subjectivity and the Irreducible in Man.” In particular I try to understand and to think through the distinction that he makes between the “personalist” and the “cosmological” image of man. I unpack Wojtyła’s concept of subjectivity, which underlies all that he says about the personalist image of man. I give particular attention to all that he says about the unity formed by the two images. I then proceed to apply Wojtyła’s analysis to a certain cosmological challenge to a personalist understanding of man: it is the challenge that comes from looking at the immensity of the cosmos and at the infinitesimal smallness of man in it and of thinking that man is swallowed up in this immensity and obliterated in his importance. I argue that precisely the subjectivity of the person implies that there is in each person an “infinite abyss of existence” so that each person is in reality his or her own whole and is no mere part of the cosmic whole but is incommensurable with it.
Thomism, Personalism, and Politics
Authors: Lewis V. Bradley ,   Catholic University of America Press
Published: June 2019

The Thomistic revival initiated by Leo XIII was late in having an effect on political philosophy. Many have charged Thomism with being inapt to contribute to political philosophy, either because it is at odds with modern political institutions and practices or because it is inflexibly moralistic. I address the former issue by way of an examination of Jacques Maritain’s Thomistic personalism, which provides distinctive and valuable resources for understanding modern politics. This requires examining the development of Maritain’s political thought in reaction to controversies over integralism in the 1920s and the rise of totalitarianism in the 1930s and ’40s. Throughout this period, Maritain was clear about the theological aspects of his personalism, and so I conclude by discussing contemporary pluralism as a challenge to Maritain’s project.
Absolute Imagination: the Metaphysics of Romanticism
Authors: Moss Gregory S. ,   Zeta Books
Published: June 2019

Carnap famously argued that metaphysics unavoidably involves a confusion between science and poetry. Unlike the lyric poet, who does not attempt to make an argument, the metaphysician attempts to make an argument while simultaneously lacking in musical talent. Carnap’s objection that metaphysics unavoidably involves a blend of philosophy and poetry is not a 20th century insight. Plato, in his beautifully crafted Phaedo, presents us with the imprisoned Socrates, who having been condemned to death for practicing philosophy in the Apology, has a dream in which he realizes that he ought to make music. In this dialogue, however, Plato indicates no hint of the scorn that Carnap has for metaphysics—rather Socrates’ friends find him setting Aesop’s fables to verse. In the modern era, Nietzsche re-introduced the ‘music making Socrates’ in his Birth of Tragedy. But Nietzsche is not the first to revive the concept in modern philosophy. Before Nietzsche’s call for a new music-making Socrates, the early German Romantics, in particular Schlegel, explicitly called for the identification of poetry and science in the concept of Poesie. As Schlegel writes: ‘Alle Kunst soll Wissenschaft werden, und alle Wissenschaft Kunst werden; Poesie und Philosophie sollen vereinigt sein.’ On the one hand, in Ion Socrates is not wrong to critique Ion for not knowing the significance of his own work. On the other hand, Socrates himself recognizes in Phaedo that he is guilty of failing to heed the call to make music. Long misunderstood, the Romantic concept of Poesie is not mere irrationalism, for it offers an aesthetic metaphysics of the Absolute. Romanticism is indeed a philosophy of the Absolute, but one which cannot conceive of any solution to the profound impasses that confront philosophical knowing except by learning to make music.
Radio-Frequency Identification Specimen Tracking to Improve Quality in Anatomic Pathology
Authors: Norgan Andrew P. , Simon Kurt E. , Feehan Barbara A. , Saari Lynn L. , Doppler Joseph M. , Welder G. Scott , Sedarski John A. , Yoch Christopher T. , Comfere Nneka I. , Martin John A. , Bartholmai Brian J. , Reichard R. Ross
Published: June 2019

Context.—

Preanalytic errors, including specimen labeling errors and specimen loss, occur frequently during specimen collection, transit, and accessioning. Radio-frequency identification tags can decrease specimen identification and tracking errors through continuous and automated tracking of specimens.

Objective.—

To implement a specimen tracking infrastructure to reduce preanalytic errors (specimen mislabeling or loss) between specimen collection and laboratory accessioning. Specific goals were to decrease preanalytic errors by at least 70% and to simultaneously decrease employee effort dedicated to resolving preanalytic errors or investigating lost specimens.

Design.—

A radio-frequency identification specimen-tracking system was developed. Major features included integral radio-frequency identification labels (radio-frequency identification tags and traditional bar codes in a single printed label) printed by point-of-care printers in collection suites; dispersed radio-frequency identification readers at major transit points; and systems integration of the electronic health record, laboratory information system, and radio-frequency identification tracking system to allow for computerized physician order entry driven label generation, specimen transit time tracking, interval-based alarms, and automated accessioning.

Results.—

In the 6-month postimplementation period, 6 mislabeling events occurred in collection areas using the radio-frequency identification system, compared with 24 events in the 6-month preimplementation period (75% decrease; P = .001). In addition, the system led to the timely recovery of 3 lost specimens. Labeling expenses were decreased substantially in the transition from high-frequency to ultrahigh frequency radio-frequency identification tags.

Conclusions.—

Radio-frequency identification specimen tracking prevented several potential specimen-loss events, decreased specimen recovery time, and decreased specimen labeling errors. Increases in labeling/tracking expenses for the system were more than offset by time savings and loss avoidance through error mitigation.
Política industrial para o setor automobilístico entre 2000 e 2015
Authors: Kischner Patrícia , Viegas Thales De Oliveira Costa
Published: June 2019

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto da Política Industrial no desempenho do setor automobilístico brasileiro. Dada a importância desta atividade para a economia nacional, constatou-se que desde a década de 1950 o setor é beneficiado por medidas governamentais de incentivo às suas atividades. Neste contexto, foi descrita a trajetória de implantação do setor em âmbito nacional, a sua evolução histórica, as principais políticas industriais desenvolvidas no período analisado, bem como os impactos destas no crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico deste ramo de atividade. A metodologia utilizada para a realização deste estudo é a pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa, que permitiu analisar os principais indicadores de desempenho da indústria automobilística nacional. Também foi utilizado o ferramental estatístico para a realização do teste de correlação entre as principais variáveis do setor. Por fim, constatou-se que o emprego das políticas industriais no período analisado apresentou efeitos de curto prazo no setor, com picos de crescimento, seguido de quedas graduais na oferta e demanda de veículos no Brasil.
Instabilidade econômica em Keynes: elementos para a análise dos efeitos da crise de 2008 sobre a economia brasileira
Authors: Chaib Diana Chaukat , Lima Débora Juliene Pereira
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise do período que antecede e sucede a crise de 2008 para a economia brasileira com base na teoria de Keynes. Segundo esse autor, o capitalismo é inerentemente instável e sujeito a flutuações nas suas principais variáveis macroeconômicas: o emprego e o produto. Além disso, se propõe a analisar as causas dessa instabilidade, que consistem, dentre outras, do fato do capitalismo operar em desequilíbrio, com insuficiência de demanda agregada e desemprego involuntário. É relevante analisar a abordagem de Keynes acerca das flutuações, uma vez que essa teoria se aproxima mais da realidade do modo de produção capitalista e se apresenta como uma alternativa às teorias econômicas convencionais que preconizam o equilíbrio econômico. A partir da análise dos indicadores e fundamentando-se nesse norte teórico, foi possível observar alguns dos reflexos negativos causados pela crise financeira internacional de 2008 na economia brasileira como a inibição da geração de riqueza nova, através principalmente, da queda abrupta da formação bruta de capital fixo.
A economia política da financeirização: possíveis implicações no mundo do trabalho
Authors: Lins Vinícius Ferreira
Published: June 2019

A financeirização envolve a predominância dos mercados e demais instituições financeiras como a forma de definição, gestão e realização da riqueza no capitalismo contemporâneo. O processo de financeirização da economia foi possível a partir de um processo subjacente de flexibilização, que se manifestou em uma nova forma de regulação bem como no advento de novos instrumentos financeiros, notadamente securitização e derivativos. Isto ensejou um aumento inaudito no grau de liberdade, no volume e na complexidade do movimento de capitais, trazendo a competição a outro patamar. Isto acarretou mudanças tanto na forma de governança da firma quanto nas relações de trabalho. Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar e explorar possíveis relações causais entre as transformações nas finanças e as alterações nas condições de vida e de trabalho. A flexibilidade nos mercados financeiros e de crédito, embora não deva ser considerada causa única, teve parte significativa no advento da flexibilidade no trabalho. As distintas considerações aqui discutidas, embora sob perspectivas diferentes, apontam para uma deterioração das condições de venda da mercadoria força de trabalho a partir da competitividade intensificada para a valorização do capital na esfera financeira.
Elastic Foundation Displacement Approximations
Authors: Kargaudas Vytautas , Adamukaitis Nerijus , Žmuida Mykolas , Pakalnis Algis , Zadlauskas Saulius
Published: June 2019

Interaction of an elastic foundation and structures like beams, plates and frames plays an essential role in investigating soil media in contact and impact mechanics. The solution to this interaction problem is complicated even the foundation is assumed as a linear elastic medium. E. Winkler suggested the fair representation of the foundation in 1867, and then, to bring it closer to reality, an interaction between the spring elements was introduced. In this paper, a relatively simple membrane-spring system is investigated, where an ideal gas is added under or above the membrane. In many cases, this constant pressure in the cavity modifies the solution and accuracy of the approximation is significantly increased. The cases of concentrated normal force and uniform distributed load are examined. The results of elastic half-space line displacements and the membrane displacements are presented.
Selection of Constituent Materials for Asphalt Mixtures of Noise-Reducing Asphalt Pavements
Authors: Vaitkus Audrius , Šernas Ovidijus , Vorobjovas Viktoras , Gražulytė Judita
Published: June 2019

Road traffic noise is a widespread problem, especially in the densely populated cities of Europe. Exposure to high levels of (traffic) noise leads to health problems, such as stress, sleep disturbance and even heart diseases. Noise-reducing asphalt pavements are more frequently developed and selected as a first noise abatement solution. Performance of noise-reducing asphalt pavement depends on the composition and properties of asphalt mixture components, and pavement properties such as layer thickness, voids in pavement, texture. Design of asphalt mixture for the noise-reducing asphalt pavements is even more complicated for severe and cold climate regions where significant temperature fluctuations and many of frost-thaw cycles occur. Thus, the balance between mechanical and acoustical durability depends on the proper selection of asphalt mixture components. Components of these asphalt mixtures have primarily to be tested to determine their physical and mechanical properties. The main aim of this research is to evaluate properties of local aggregates, bituminous binders, and regarding test results, select the most suitable materials for the design of high-quality, durable asphalt mixture for noise-reducing asphalt pavements. The research showed that Granite A is the most suitable aggregate for the design of asphalt mixtures for noise-reducing asphalt pavement. Short-term and particularly long-term ageing of polymer modified bituminous binder PMB 45/80-65 and PMB 25/55-60 decreases the number of aromatics and increases the amount of resins. Based on Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery test results, it is assumed that all bituminous binders selected for research are suitable for the asphalt mixture design of noise-reducing asphalt pavement in terms of resistance to rutting. However, considering all tests results, bituminous binder PMB 45/80-65 (1) showed the best performance and was the most suitable for the asphalt mixture design of noise-reducing asphalt pavement.
Structural and mutational analysis of the ribosome-arresting human XBP1u
Authors: Shanmuganathan Vivekanandan , Schiller Nina , Magoulopoulou Anastasia , Cheng Jingdong , Braunger Katharina , Cymer Florian , Berninghausen Otto , Beatrix Birgitta , Kohno Kenji , von Heijne Gunnar , Beckmann Roland
Published: June 2019

XBP1u, a central component of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is a mammalian protein containing a functionally critical translational arrest peptide (AP). Here, we present a 3 Å cryo-EM structure of the stalled human XBP1u AP. It forms a unique turn in the ribosomal exit tunnel proximal to the peptidyl transferase center where it causes a subtle distortion, thereby explaining the temporary translational arrest induced by XBP1u. During ribosomal pausing the hydrophobic region 2 (HR2) of XBP1u is recognized by SRP, but fails to efficiently gate the Sec61 translocon. An exhaustive mutagenesis scan of the XBP1u AP revealed that only 8 out of 20 mutagenized positions are optimal; in the remaining 12 positions, we identify 55 different mutations increase the level of translational arrest. Thus, the wildtype XBP1u AP induces only an intermediate level of translational arrest, allowing efficient targeting by SRP without activating the Sec61 channel.
The comparative population genetics ofNeisseria meningitidisandNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Vigué Lucile , Eyre-Walker Adam
Published: June 2019

Neisseria meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeaeare closely related pathogenic bacteria. To compare their population genetics, we compiled a dataset of 1,145 genes found across 20N. meningitidisand 15N. gonorrhoeaegenomes. We find thatN. meningitidisis seven-times more diverse thanN. gonorrhoeaein their combined core genome. Both species have acquired the majority of their diversity by recombination with divergent strains, however, we find thatN. meningitidishas acquired more of its diversity by recombination thanN. gonorrhoeae. We find that linkage disequilibrium (LD) declines rapidly across the genomes of both species. Several observations suggest thatN. meningitidishas a higher effective population size thanN. gonorrhoeae; it is more diverse, the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous polymorphism is lower, and LD declines more rapidly to a lower asymptote inN. meningitidis. The two species share a modest amount of variation, half of which seems to have been acquired by lateral gene transfer and half from their common ancestor. We investigate whether diversity varies across the genome of each species and find that it does. Much of this variation is due to different levels of lateral gene transfer. However, we also find some evidence that the effective population size varies across the genome. We test for adaptive evolution in the core genome using a McDonald–Kreitman test and by considering the diversity around non-synonymous sites that are fixed for different alleles in the two species. We find some evidence for adaptive evolution using both approaches.
Predictive Modeling of the Human Hepatoma (Huh-7D12) Cancer Line of a Series of bis- (5-arylidene-rhodanine-3-yl) Diamine
Authors: Kouassi Koffi Alexis Respect , Benié Anoubilé , Koné Mamadou Guy-Richard , Coulibaly Wacothon Karime , Bohoussou Kouadio Valery , Ganiyou Adenidji
Published: June 2019

This work deals with the prediction of the antiproliferative activity of eighteen (18) substances derived from bis-5-arylidene rhodanine against human hepatoma tumor line (Huh-7D12). By applying the functional density theory (DFT) method to the B3LYP / 6-31G (d, p) level, theoretical descriptors were determined and correlated with antiproliferative (Huh-7) activity by linear regression multiple (RML). This correlation has shown that the electron energy, the energy of the lowest vacant molecular orbital (ELUMO) and the molecular volume (VM) are the quantum and geometric descriptors that best influences the antiproliferative activity of the molecules studied. The coefficient of determination R2 indicates that 97.9% of the molecular descriptors defining this model are taken into account with a standard deviation of 0.015. The significance of the model reflected by the Fischer test is estimated at 123.648. The robustness of the model given by the cross-validation correlation coefficient (Q2CV) is 97.9%. This model has been validated by Tropsha criteria. The very good correlation between these three descriptors and the Huh-7 activity was confirmed by the nonlinear multiple regression (RNML) method with better statistical data. (R2 = 0,998 ; Q2CV = 0,998 ; RMSE = 0,006).
A Survey of Contraceptive Use and Associated Factors among Street Beggar Women in South Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Shambel , Megabiaw Berihun , Lette Abate , Ermeko Tilahun
Published: June 2019

Background: According to Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2011, contraceptive acceptance was 29%. But no evidence that shows how much it is in absolutely poorest people and what factors affect their utilization.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess prevalence of contraceptive acceptance, and associated factors among street beggar women in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia.

Methods: A community based cross- sectional study was carried out among street beggar women from February to March 2013. An interview based pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data collection sites were demarcated into churches, mosques, market areas and women begging on roads. EPI info 3.5.3, and SPSS version 20 were used to enter and analyze the data respectively and descriptive statistic and odds ratio were used to present the data. Binary and multivariate logistic regulations were performed.

Results: Three hundred forty five women participated in the study yielding response rate of 91%. The contraceptive acceptance rate prevalence was 37.4% (95% CI: 20.5, 27.3). Nearly 60% were used injectable contraceptive. Religion (AOR = 11.6, 95%CI: 2.12, 63.62), husband approved utilization (AOR = 7.68, 95%CI: 1.37, 43.15), women who have children after joining street begging (AOR = 10.18, 95%CI: 3.84, 17.26) were significantly associated with contraceptive utilization; but those who sleep at the night on the street use contraceptive less likely (AOR = 0.21, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.92).

Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of the contraceptive acceptance among beggar women in south Ethiopia. Furthermore, the study revealed that the contraceptive acceptance among beggar women is strongly associated with husband approved utilization, women who have children after joining street begging, and women who sleep the night on the street. Therefore, concerned bodies should intervene on these factors.
The impact TQM System on Supply Chain Performance through Supply Chain Integration and Employee Satisfaction
Authors: Kristianto Ivan , Tarigan Zeplin Jiwa Husada
Published: June 2019

Indonesia has entered the Southeast Asian free trade market or better known as ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The economic growth and the increasing number of companies annually will bring some impacts on the competitions for many companies in Indonesia, so they have find their competitive advantage. The biggest competitive advantage of Indonesia is in the primary sector companies which is producing consumer goods from natural raw materials and semi-finished goods.  To win the competition, the primary sectors require product standards as the company output by implementing TQM, which usually adopts ISO as the main requirement for exporting their products. This is also the criteria for the research samples. The questionnaires are distributed to 100 companies that have over 100 employees, and the returned questionnaires are 64, with four incomplete questionnaires, making the response rate of 60%. The data analysis is using PLS and proves that all hypotheses are accepted. First, TQM implementation has a positive and significant impact on supply chain integration. Second, TQM implementations in companies are able to create a proper documentation system for each department to facilitate good communication among departments. Third, TQM implementation has a positive impact on supply chain performance and employee satisfaction. Fourth, supply chain integration has a positive impact on employee satisfaction and supply chain performance. Employee satisfaction has a positive effect on supply chain performance. The overall impact of TQM implementation on supply chain performance is 0.4680. TQM implementation brings a positive impact on supply chain integration and supply chain performance, thus increases the total impact of supply chain performance
1H‐31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: effect of biotin in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Guillevin Carole , Agius Pierre , Naudin Mathieu , Herpe Guillaume , Ragot Stéphanie , Maubeuge Nicolas , Philippe Neau Jean , Guillevin Rémy
Published: June 2019

Biotin is thought to improve functional impairment in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) by upregulating bioenergetic metabolism. We enrolled 19 patients suffering from progressive MS (5 primary and 14 secondary Progressive‐MS). Using cerebral multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MMRS) and clinical evaluation before and after 6 months of biotin cure, we showed significant modifications of: PME/PDE, ATP, and lactate resonances; an improvement of EDSS Neuroscore. Our results are consistent with metabolic pathways concerned with biotin action and could suggest the usefulness of MMRS for monitoring.
One‐Step Synthesis of Antibacterial Coatings by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Aluminum
Authors: Santos Janaina S. , Rodrigues Andressa , Simon Anna P. , Ferreira Carlise H. , Santos Vidiany A. Q. , Sikora Mariana S. , Cruz Nilson C. , Mambrini Giovanni P. , Trivinho‐Strixino Francisco
Published: June 2019

Aluminum oxide films containing small quantities of silver are produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum (97%) in different electrolytes aiming the synthesis of bactericidal coatings over aluminum for food packaging applications. Sodium citrate, citric acid, and sodium silicate, containing Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) or Ag+ ions (AgNO3) are tested as electrolyte. The galvanostatic anodization curves are used as diagnostic to evaluate the production of Ag‐alumina coatings in a one‐step procedure. Citric acid and silicate media provide more stability and reproducibility in coatings production; however, only coatings produced in silicate solution exhibit antimicrobial effect against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The oxide films are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). An irregular porous structure and a silver content of 0.1–1.9 wt.% in the oxide coatings are observed.
Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Evolution of Surfaces and Interfaces in Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Skinner Stephen J.
Published: June 2019

In solid oxide electrochemical cells the critical processes of fuel oxidation and oxygen reduction occur at surfaces, and ultimately define the performance of the devices. Understanding how these process occur and the role of defects such as dislocations and grain boundaries in these charge transfer processes, and the effect of cation segregation on surface exchange are all topics of current significance. To address these issues, a suite of advanced analytical techniques are developed to allow in situ analysis of key processes, complementing established ex‐situ techniques. In addition the application of surface sensitive techniques such as surface diffraction and ion scattering spectroscopy, offer unprecedented levels of information on the surface chemistry and structure of functional materials.
Ammoniating Covalent Organic Framework (COF) for High‐Performance and Selective Extraction of Toxic and Radioactive Uranium Ions
Authors: Xiong Xiao Hong , Yu Zhi Wu , Gong Le Le , Tao Yuan , Gao Zhi , Wang Li , Yin Wen Hui , Yang Li Xiao , Luo Feng
Published: June 2019

An ideal porous adsorbent toward uranium with not only large adsorption capacity and high selectivity but also broad applicability even under rigorous conditions is highly desirable but still extremely scarce. In this work, a porous adsorbent, namely [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−], prepared by ammoniating a SO3H‐decorated covalent organic framework (COF) enables remarkable performance for uranium extraction. Relative to the pristine SO3H‐decorated COF (COF‐SO3H) with uranium adsorption capacity of 360 mg g−1, the ammoniated counterpart of [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−] affords ultrahigh uranium uptake up to 851 mg g−1, creating a 2.4‐fold enhancement. Such a value is the highest among all reported porous adsorbents for uranium. Most importantly, a large distribution coefficient, KdU, up to 9.8 × 106 mL g−1 is observed, implying extremely strong affinity toward uranium. Consequently, [NH4]+[COF‐SO3−] affords highly selective adsorption of uranium over a broad range of metal ions such as SU/Cs = 821, SU/Na = 277, and SU/Sr = 124, making it as effective uranium adsorbent from seawater, resulting in amazing uranium adsorption capacity of 17.8 mg g−1. Moreover, its excellent chemostability also make it an effective uranium adsorbent even under rigorous conditions (pH = 1, 8, and 3 m acidity).
Solvent Engineering for High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Savva Achilleas , Ohayon David , Surgailis Jokubas , Paterson Alexandra F. , Hidalgo Tania C. , Chen Xingxing , Maria Iuliana P. , Paulsen Bryan D. , Petty Anthony J. , Rivnay Jonathan , McCulloch Iain , Inal Sahika
Published: June 2019

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) exhibit strong potential for various applications in bioelectronics, especially as miniaturized, point‐of‐care biosensors, because of their efficient transducing ability. To date, however, the majority of reported OECTs have relied on p‐type (hole transporting) polymer mixed conductors, due to the limited number of n‐type (electron transporting) materials suitable for operation in aqueous electrolytes, and the low performance of those which exist. It is shown that a simple solvent‐engineering approach boosts the performance of OECTs comprising an n‐type, naphthalenediimide‐based copolymer in the channel. The addition of acetone, a rather bad solvent for the copolymer, in the chloroform‐based polymer solution leads to a three‐fold increase in OECT transconductance, as a result of the simultaneous increase in volumetric capacitance and electron mobility in the channel. The enhanced electrochemical activity of the polymer film allows high‐performance glucose sensors with a detection limit of 10 × 10−6 m of glucose and a dynamic range of more than eight orders of magnitude. The approach proposed introduces a new tool for concurrently improving the conduction of ionic and electronic charge carriers in polymer mixed conductors, which can be utilized for a number of bioelectronic applications relying on efficient OECT operation.
A prospective, multi‐center, randomized comparison of iron isomaltoside 1000 versus iron sucrose in patients with iron deficiency anemia; the FERWON‐IDA trial
Authors: Auerbach Michael , Henry David , Derman Richard J. , Achebe Maureen M. , Thomsen Lars L. , Glaspy John
Published: June 2019

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is prevalent, and intravenous iron, especially if given in a single dose, may result in better adherence compared with oral iron. The present trial (FERWON‐IDA) is part of the FERWON program with iron isomaltoside 1000/ferric derisomaltose (IIM), evaluating safety and efficacy of high dose IIM in IDA patients of mixed etiologies. This was a randomized, open‐label, comparative, multi‐center trial conducted in the USA. The IDA patients were randomized 2:1 to a single dose of 1000 mg IIM, or iron sucrose (IS) administered as 200 mg intravenous injections, up to five times. The co‐primary endpoints were adjudicated serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions, and change in hemoglobin from baseline to week eight. A total of 1512 patients were enrolled. The frequency of patients with serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions was 0.3% (95% confidence interval: 0.06;0.88) vs 0.4% (0.05;1.45) in the IIM and IS group, respectively. The co‐primary safety objective was met, and no risk difference was observed between groups. The co‐primary efficacy endpoint of non‐inferiority in hemoglobin change was met, and IIM led to a significantly more rapid hematological response in the first two weeks. The frequency of cardiovascular events was 0.8% and 1.2% in the IIM and IS group, respectively (P = .570). The frequency of hypophosphatemia was low in both groups. Iron isomaltoside administered as 1000 mg resulted in a more rapid and more pronounced hematological response, compared with IS, which required multiple visits. The safety profile was similar with a low frequency of hypersensitivity reactions and cardiovascular events.
Organic Ionic Crystals: Solid‐Phase Structure and Thermal Properties of Dicationic α,ω‐Bis[N,N′‐(4‐alkylpyridinium)]alkane Hexafluorophosphate Salts
Authors: Chae Hyunho , Lee A. Reum , Yoon Minyoung , Choi U Hyeok , Park Gyungse , Lee Minjae
Published: June 2019

As organic ionic crystals, C2‐, C3‐, and C4‐alkylene α,ω‐bis[N,N′‐(4‐alkylpyridinium)] PF6− salts are synthesized to investigate their thermal properties and phase behaviors along with chemical structure changes. The X‐ray crystal structure of 1,2‐bis[N,N′‐(4‐methylpyridinium)]ethane 2PF6− (2–1) showed that two pyridinium rings in one cation molecule and two pyridinium ring planes of neighboring molecules were exactly parallel. Multiple C−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds were observed for all protons of the bis‐pyridinium with PF6− anions. Interestingly, most of the prepared C2‐bridged dicationic bis‐pyridinium PF6− salts showed solid–solid phase transitions, which are typical features of soft crystalline materials, such as plastic and liquid crystals. Colorfully aligned crystalline textures of the polarized optical microscope images are formed with strong birefringence for the soft crystalline phase of 1,2‐bis[N,N′‐(4‐n‐propylpyridinium)]ethane PF6−, showing a low entropy of fusion (ΔSf=25.0 J mol−1 K−1). The C2‐bridged n‐undecyl (2–11) and n‐dodecyl (2–12) salts exhibit a very soft solid phase, showing large heat absorptions and entropy changes during their multiple solid‐solid phase transitions. Additionally, the C3‐ and C4‐bridged dicationic (bis)pyridinium PF6− salts are prepared to determine the property changes with different bridge lengths. The longer alkylene connected salts are thermally more stable than the C2‐bridged compounds and show only one melting phase transition.
Interaction of music and emotional stimuli in modulating working memory in macaque monkeys
Authors: Zarei Shahab A. , Sheibani Vahid , Mansouri Farshad A.
Published: June 2019

Background music is one of the most frequently encountered contextual factors that affect cognitive and emotional functions in humans. However, it is still unclear whether music induces similar effects in nonhuman primates. Answering this question might bring insight to the long‐lasting question regarding the ability of nonhuman primates in perceiving and dissociating music from other nonmusical acoustic information. In the present study, macaque monkeys were trained to perform a working memory task that required matching visual stimuli. These stimuli had different emotional content (neutral, negative, and positive). Monkeys performed the task within different background acoustic conditions (music, same‐intensity noise, and silence). We hypothesized that the auditory stimuli might interact with emotional information of visual stimuli and modulate monkeys’ performance. Furthermore, if the effects of music and noise on monkeys’ behavioral measures differ it would mean that monkeys perceived and processed music differently. We found that, monkeys committed more errors and were slower when they encountered stimuli with negative or positive emotional content. In the presence of music, the influence of emotional stimuli on monkeys’ performance significantly differed from those of the neutral stimuli, however, in the presence of noise, the effects of emotional stimuli on monkeys’ performance were not distinguishable. The dissociable effects of music and noise on monkeys’ performance show that the effects of emotional stimuli were dependent on the background acoustic conditions. Our findings indicate that background music and the same‐intensity noise were differentially perceived by monkeys and influenced their cognitive functions.
Use of space and home range characteristics of Lepilemur mittermeieri, an endangered sportive lemur endemic to the Ampasindava peninsula, north‐west Madagascar
Authors: Wilmet Leslie , Beudels‐Jamar Roseline C. , Schwitzer Christoph , Rakotondrainibe Hajanirina , Devillers Pierre , Vermeulen Cédric
Published: June 2019

Lepilemur mittermeieri, a little‐studied sportive lemur of north‐west Madagascar, endemic to the Ampasindava Peninsula, faces habitat loss through forest degradation and rapid fragmentation. Understanding its habitat requirement is the first step toward preservation of this threatened forest‐dependent species. In this study, we gathered data on the use of space and home range characteristics of L. mittermeieri. We studied individuals from early March to the end of June 2015 and 2016, in three sites of the Ampasindava peninsula. We radio‐tracked 15 individuals to obtain detailed information on the size and location of home ranges (around 450 hr of tracking). Direct observation and morphometric measurements provided additional data sets. Both kernel density estimation (KDE) and minimum convex polygon (MCP) methods yielded similar home range sizes (an average of 2.01 ha with KDE method and 1.96 ha with MCP method). We did not find differences in home range size between males and females, with respect to forest type or proximity to the forest edge. Home ranges overlapped and individuals showed low levels of territoriality. We highlighted a sexually‐dimorphic trait: males have longer upper canine than females. Our results constitute the first set of ecological information on Lepilemur mittermeieri and could be the basis for a conservation strategy for this endangered species with a very small distribution area.
Socioeconomic status impacts postoperative productivity loss and health utility changes in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Mace Jess C. , Soler Zachary M. , Rudmik Luke , Alt Jeremiah A. , Smith Kristine A. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Ramakrishnan Vijay R. , Smith Timothy L.
Published: June 2019

Background

Social determinants of health can have a substantial impact on treatment outcomes. Prior study has shown that socioeconomic status influences the likelihood of improvement in quality‐of‐life (QOL) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, the impact of socioeconomic factors on changes in productivity loss and health utility after ESS remains unknown.

Methods

Adult patients (≥18 years of age) with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who underwent ESS were prospectively enrolled into a multi‐institutional cohort study. Productivity losses were calculated using the human capital approach and monetized using U.S. government–estimated wage rates. Health utility values (HUVs) were derived from the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form‐12 survey using University of Sheffield algorithms. Independent socioeconomic factors of interest included: age, gender, ethnicity, insurance status, educational attainment, and household income categorized via the Thompson‐Hickey model.

Results

A total of 229 patients met inclusion criteria, and 163 (71%) provided postoperative follow‐up. All subjects reported significant, within‐subject improvement in both mean monetized productivity loss (p < 0.001) and HUV postoperatively (p < 0.001). Using paired sample statistics, patients with lowest income (≤$25,000/year) and with Medicare insurance did not report significant improvement in productivity loss (p ≥ 0.112) or HUV (p ≥ 0.081), although sample size limitations may have contributed to this finding. Patients in higher income tiers ($25,001 to $100,000/year and $100,001+/year) and those with employer‐provided/private health insurance reported significant postoperative improvements in productivity loss and HUV (all p ≤ 0.003).

Conclusion

Socioeconomic factors, including income and insurance provision, may impact improvements in productivity loss and HUV following ESS. Further research to validate these findings, ascertain mechanisms behind these results, and improve these outcomes is warranted.
Non‐metal Single‐Iodine‐Atom Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Yongqiang , Ling Tao , Chen Shuangming , Jin Bo , Vasileff Anthony , Jiao Yan , Song Li , Luo Jun , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: June 2019

Common‐metal‐based single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are quite difficult to design due to the complex synthesis processes required. Herein, we report a single‐atom nickel iodide (SANi‐I) electrocatalyst with atomically dispersed non‐metal iodine atoms. The SANi‐I is prepared via a simple calcination step in a vacuum‐sealed ampoule and subsequent cyclic voltammetry activation. Aberration‐corrected high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy are applied to confirm the atomic‐level dispersion of iodine atoms and detailed structure of SANi‐I. Single iodine atoms are found to be isolated by oxygen atoms. The SANi‐I is structural stable and shows exceptional electrocatalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the hydrogen adatom (Hads) is adsorbed by a single iodine atom, forming the I‐Hads intermediate, which promotes the HER process.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling with Racemic Bicycles
Authors: Goetzke F. Wieland , Mortimore Mike , Fletcher Stephen P.
Published: June 2019

Herein, we describe a rhodium‐catalyzed enantio‐ and diastereoselective Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between racemic fused bicyclic allylic chlorides and boronic acids. The highly stereoselective transformation allows for the coupling of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkenyl boronic acids and gives access to functionalized bicyclic cyclopentenes, which can be converted into other five‐membered‐ring scaffolds with up to five contiguous stereocenters. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that these reactions occur with overall retention of the relative stereochemistry and are enantioconvergent for pseudo‐symmetric allylic chloride starting materials. In addition, a bicyclic allylic chloride starting material without pseudo‐symmetry undergoes a highly enantioselective regiodivergent reaction.
Contamination and Disinfection of Rigid Laryngoscopes: A Literature Review
Authors: Van Wicklin Sharon Ann
Published: June 2019

This article reviews current literature about the contamination of laryngoscope blades and handles, disinfection practices for laryngoscope blades and handles, and environmental effects and costs of reusable and single‐use laryngoscopes. This review shows that inadequately processed rigid laryngoscopes may have the ability to transmit infections to patients and health care personnel. Although the laryngoscope handle has been considered a noncritical item that contacts only intact skin, health care team members should consider both the laryngoscope blade and handle as semicritical items and process them by high‐level disinfection (HLD) or steam sterilization according to manufacturer's instructions. The fewest environmental effects occur when a reusable stainless‐steel laryngoscope is processed by HLD. Laryngoscope costs are lower for processing reusable laryngoscope handles and blades by HLD and highest for single‐use laryngoscopes. Evidence‐based guidelines are needed to specify and standardize best practices for processing rigid laryngoscopes.
Polymer brushes on graphene oxide for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from water
Authors: Liu Dejian , Ding Congcong , Chi Fangting , Pan Ning , Wen Jun , Xiong Jie , Hu Sheng
Published: June 2019

The pollution of heavy metal ions in water poses a serious threat to human being and ecosystems. Here, we report polyamidoxime (PAO) brush grafted graphene oxide (GO) as a highly efficient adsorbent for extraction of toxic metal cations from water. Surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to grow polyacrylonitrile (PAN) brushes on GO, followed by conversion of the nitrile groups in PAN into amidoxime groups, which had high binding affinity toward heavy metal cations. The PAO brush grafted GO demonstrated significantly fast adsorption kinetics and large adsorption capacity. At optimal pH 5, the PAO brush grafted GO can achieve maximum adsorption capacities of 116.7 mg g−1 for Pb(II), 258.6 mg g−1 for Ag(I), 192.2 mg g−1 for Cu(II), and 167.9 mg g−1 for Fe(III), which were significantly larger than those of small molecule functionalized GO. Mechanism analysis suggested that the enhanced adsorption performance was due to the myriads of functional groups in PAO brushes that were easily accessible to metal ions because of the swelling of the polymer brushes in water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48156.
Influence of aorta extracellular matrix in electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds
Authors: Reid James A. , Callanan Anthony
Published: June 2019

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, new research strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease are required. Previously, extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been used alongside polymers to generate hybrid bioscaffolds. Herein, we propose combining aortic ECMs with a polycaprolactone electrospun scaffold and biomechanically evaluating the scaffolds. We electrospun three scaffolds with varying ECM concentrations and found that increasing the ECM concentration leads to decreased stiffness at low strains, increased elasticity at high strain, reduction in failure strain, and an increase in yield strength. We also noted a decrease in water droplet contact angle with the increasing ECM concentration. Furthermore, we found that all three scaffolds were capable of maintaining human umbilical vein endothelial cell attachment and survival. These findings show the wide spectrum of mechanical properties that can be achieved through the addition of different concentrations of ECM into the fibers. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48181.