bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resíduos de painéis solares fotovoltaicos: uma revisão dos impactos ambientais e toxicológicos
Authors: Góes Patrícia Fagundes , De Sousa Filho Celso Lásaro , Souza Durval de Almeida , Ferreira Ernando , Lopes Vitoria Alice Jorge , Silva Marcelo Santana , De Albuquerque Édler Lins , Tanimoto Armando Hirohumi
Published: August 2023

Diante da tendência do crescimento exponencial da geração da energia elétrica solar fotovoltaica nos últimos anos, torna-se imperativo o conhecimento e divulgação dos impactos ambientais futuros desta tecnologia. E a geração dos resíduos dos painéis, apesar de terem a vida útil estimada em 25 anos, mostra-nos um futuro sombrio, uma vez que a sua destinação e tratamento precisa ser gerida de forma a minimizar seus efeitos tanto no ambiente, como na saúde dos profissionais que lidar com eles. Este trabalho mostra os impactos ambientais na destinação dos painéis de acordo com a geração construtiva, e seu enquadramento segundo algumas normas internacionais e nacional (NBR 10004/2004). Tanto os painéis de primeira (de silício cristalino), como os de segunda geração (CIGS, silício amorfo e CdTe) foram, por autores e normas distintas, identificados todos como sendo resíduos perigosos. Os principais impactos citados se referem aos efeitos da lixiviação desses metais pesados para o meio ambiente, contaminação das águas subterrâneas e danos à saúde humana. Esforços praticados para uma destinação ambiental desejada estão sedo insipientes, uma vez que a geração maior a médio prazo. Até lá espera-se que tecnologias tenham sido desenvolvidas e o custo benefício seja favorável ao desmonte do painel, para assim destinar somente os componentes metálicos como resíduos perigosos para tratamento e reaproveitar o vidro e alumínio reinserindo-os na cadeia produtiva destes dois produtos.
Estágios de desenvolvimento de startups, de seus produtos e serviços: uma proposta metodológica de identificação
Authors: Dos Santos Luciano Balbino , Lopes Ramdas de Souza , Rojas Omar Eduardo Velasquez
Published: August 2023

Trata-se de uma metodologia desenvolvida e aplicada às startups instaladas em Manaus, no estado do Amazonas, que desejam ingressar no Programa de Pré-incubação intitulado Ocean Launch, desenvolvido pela Universidade do Estado do Amazonas em parceria com a Samsung Eletrônica da Amazônia LTDA, fazendo uso de recursos de P&D. O objetivo central consiste na identificação dos estágios de desenvolvimento das empresas emergentes, bem como do potencial de seus produtos e serviços. Ao todo, são mapeados quatro estágios de desenvolvimento que abarcam desde o início da trajetória de uma empresa, a Ideação, até o último estágio, a Operação. De setembro de 2021 até março de 2022, 32 startups participaram do processo seletivo e 5 delas não lograram êxito. Os resultados iniciais mostram que 85% das startups analisadas estão concentradas no primeiro estágio, ou seja, na fase de Ideação.
Inhibitive Properties of Acanthospermum hispidum Dc Leaves Extracts on Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1M HCl solution
Authors: Akaaza J. N. , Bam S. A. , Nyior G. B. , Gundu D. T.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the suitability of Acanthospermum hispidum Dc leaves extracts for corrosion inhibition of mild steel immersed in 1M HCl solution using gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The study was conducted at room and elevated temperatures of 313, 323, 333 and 343K. The test period was varied from 24 to 168hrs at 24hrs interval, at room temperature and 3 hours at each elevated temperature. The experiments were performed with inhibitor concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/L. The results showed that the corrosion rates increased with time of immersion in the absence of inhibitor but decreased with inhibitor concentration at room and elevated temperature, while inhibition efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration at room temperature but decreased with temperature rise. .Inhibition efficiency of 80 % for leaves extracts was achieved at 0.5 g/L at room temperature but decreased to 66.67 % at 0.5 g/L and temperature of 343K implying desorption of inhibitor at higher temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization method was used to see the influence of the extracts on the anodic dissolution of mild steel. The results showed that the extracts acted as mixed type inhibitor by moderating both the anodic and cathodic reactions and remarkably lowered corrosion rates from 10.889 to 0.365 mm/yr. The absorption of the extracts on the metal surface obeyed Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated gave negative values of ∆G°ads in the range of -21.35 to – 22.82 kJ/mol. which is less than 40 kJ/mol indicating physical absorption of the extracts on the metal surface. The increasing values of Ea (kJ/mol) from 24.21 to 47.88 kJ/mol also confirms that absorption is by physisorption mechanism.
Descriptive Analysis and Business Model Innovation on Creative Economy Development in Yogyakarta
Authors: Lestari Murti , Nurcahyaningtyas  , Titalessy Pisi Bethania
Published: August 2023

Aims: In this transformation era, creativity and knowledge quickly became powerful tools to drive progress in economic development. Unforeseen economic challenges around the world are pushing many countries and regions to adapt in new ways and are oriented towards the creative economy. The creative economy is a development concept based on creative capital that has the potential to increase economic growth. As a city of education and culture, Yogyakarta has social, economic, and cultural wealth potential to be developed into a creative industry. However, the potential for the creative economy has so far not been identified and utilized optimally. This study aims to map performance, potential, and several keys to success for the development of the creative economy in Yogyakarta.

Study Design: The analytical method used is the descriptive analysis method, business model, and Critical Success Factors (CSF).

Place and Duration of Study: The description of the creative economy of Yogyakarta begins by analyzing the number of creative entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta city in 2021.

Methodology: The methodology of this study is a qualitative study by observations in the field, interviews with the Yogyakarta government, and creative economy actors.

Results: The results obtained to develop the creative economy of Yogyakarta City are six critical success factors, namely: a) Database, b) Human resources, c) Mastery of technology, d) Creative arena and infrastructure, e) Financing and investment, and f) Institutional.

Conclusion: The creative economy is a sector with considerable potential in the city of Yogyakarta because there are many creators who have quite high production values. Unfortunately, the creative economy in Yogyakarta has not been properly recorded and is still underestimated.
Research on the Cognitive Level of Abstraction Ability Literacy among Pre-service Junior High School Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Sun Qin , Yang Zezhong
Published: August 2023

The cultivation of students' abstraction ability in junior high school is of great significance for their personal development, and the education about abstraction ability literacy has received widespread attention from all sectors of society. So far, many scholars have studied this aspect, but there has been no research on the cognitive level of abstraction ability literacy among pre-service junior high school mathematics teachers. This study investigated the cognitive level of 11 Master of Education (M.Ed.) and 9 Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) teacher education graduates from a university regarding abstraction ability literacy using open-ended interviews. Through analyzing data, it can be found that the current pre-service junior high school mathematics teachers' cognitive situation regarding abstraction ability literacy is as follows: 1 The cognitive scope is not broad, and more than half of the content is not recognized; The cognitive breadth of Master of Education is slightly higher than that of undergraduate normal university graduates. 2. The overall cognitive clarity is relatively low, with only individual points being recognized.
Singular Spectrum Analysis to Identify Excessive Rainfall
Authors: Amalia Sisti Nadia , Saragih Sahat , Amry Zul
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is known for its excessive rainfall. Rainfall trends in an area have different characteristics. Differences in latitude, apparent motion of the sun, geographical position, topography, and the interaction of many forms of air circulation all contribute to this. Rainfall time series is essential for engineering planning, particularly for water infrastructure like irrigation, dams, urban drainage, ports, and wharves. Although meteorological technologies provide short-term rainfall predictions, long-term rainfall prediction is difficult and fraught with uncertainty. Unpredictability and seasonality can cause complex behavior in rainfall time series. This research utilizes the Singular Spectrum Analysis approach to extract trends; seasonality, cyclists, and noise can all be identified with potentially high accuracy.
Causes of Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality in Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Ihekaike M. M. , Shehu M. , Jimoh A. O. , Onyenuche U. , Uhunmwangho-Courage A. , Yakubu A. M.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Neonatal morbidity and mortality continue to be serious public health issues in developing countries, where it also has a considerable impact on the under-five mortality rate.

Aims: To determine the causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates admitted to the inborn Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) at Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos.

Study Design:  Cross Sectional Descriptive study.

Place and Duration of Study: Inborn Neonatology Unit of the Department of Paediatrics, Bingham University teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Methodology: A retrospective analysis of the records of all the babies admitted into the inborn SCBU of BHUTH over an 18-month period of January 2021 to June 2022 was done. We included 195 babies (99 males, 96 females)

Results: A total of 196 patients were admitted into the inborn SCBU of BHUTH during the period reviewed and 195 (99.5%) had complete records. There were 99 (50.8%) males and 96 (49.2%) females with M: F of 1.03:1. The leading causes of admission were prematurity (51.3%), asphyxia (21.5%) and neonatal jaundice (10.8%). Nine (4.6%) infants had severe birth asphyxia, while 33 (16.9%) had moderate birth asphyxia. Twenty-eight deaths were recorded over the 18-month period giving a mortality rate of 14.4%. Prematurity (71.4%) and severe birth asphyxia (17.9%) were the leading causes of death. Of all the deaths that occurred, 9 (32.1%) occurred within the first 24 hours of hospitalization, while 3 (10.7%) of them died after 7 days of admission.

Conclusion: In our community, the neonatal mortality rate is still very high. This death rate can be decreased with the support of concerted efforts to guarantee appropriate antenatal care, close monitoring of labour, and enhanced neonatal unit facilities for newborn care.
An Indicator Framework for Assessing Socio-ecological Resilience of Candaba Wetlands, Philippines
Authors: Salas Gerald M.
Published: August 2023

Candaba Wetlands, a priority wetland and vital production landscape in the Philippines, exemplifies the intricate interplay between agriculture and ecology, providing a wealth of ecosystem services and enhancing the well-being of local residents.

This paper introduces an indicator framework for assessing the socio-ecological resilience of Candaba Wetlands, drawing upon a comprehensive review of resilience literature and the principles of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). The SEPLS resilience model underscores the interconnectedness of ecological and social systems, providing a robust foundation for the proposed indicator framework. The framework is organized around four key areas of SEPLS resilience: (a) ecosystem protection and biodiversity maintenance; (b) agricultural biodiversity; (c) knowledge, learning, and innovation; and (d) social equity and infrastructure.

Within each area, indicators are further delineated according to the ecosystem, agricultural, and social dimensions specific to Candaba Wetlands. This nuanced approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of the wetland's resilience, capturing the complexity of its socio-ecological dynamics. Moreover, the framework serves as a valuable tool for engaging stakeholders in efforts to sustain and enhance the resilience of Candaba Wetlands, facilitating effective communication and collaborative decision-making.
Effect of Application of Iron and Zinc on Growth and Yield of Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
Authors: Saji Jobin , Dawson Joy
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2023 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36 %), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice based on one year of experimentation. The application of Iron at 15000 ppm + Zinc 20 kg/ha, recorded significantly higher Plant height (102.80 cm), number of nodules per plant (47.57) Plant dry weight (55.04 g/plant). Significantly maximum pods/plant (44.50), Seeds/pod (14.31) were recorded with the treatment of Iron at 15000 ppm + Zinc 20 kg/ha.
Influence of Cow Based Liquid Manures and Spraying Frequency on Growth and Yield of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Under Natural Farming
Authors: Sagar Vidya , Singh Vikram , George Shruti Grace
Published: August 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P) during Kharif, 2022. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), organic carbon (0.75%), available N (269.96 kg/ha), available P (33.10 kg/ha), and available K (336 kg/ha). The treatments applied were of Panchagavya (3%), Jeevamrutha (500 lit/ha), cow urine (2500 lit/ha), and spraying schedule on every 7, 10 and 14 different days. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. Based on the objectives taken maximum plant height (88.07 cm), number of total branches (5.02), number of nodules (40.87), plant dry matter accumulation (20.66 g/plant), number of pods/plant (25.67), number of seeds/pod (11.60), seed yield (1.65 t/ha), stover yield (3.89 t/ha), biological yield (5.54 t/ha) were recorded significantly higher in treatment combination of Panchagavya spraying interval at 10 days interval.
Development of Biodegradable Tableware from Ricestraw by Using Different Plasticizers
Authors: Deepthi S. Pavana , Smith D. D. , Boreddy Sreenivasula Reddy , Haribabu
Published: August 2023

The present research work focused on developing Biodegradable tableware composed of rice straw and plasticizers like sorbitol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). In the manufacture of the concentration of sorbitol used was 20%, 30%, 35%, and 40% and PVA used was 2%, 5%, and 10% by weight dry ingredients. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compressive strength, water absorption, were studied in fabricated BD plate. Maximum compressive strength of 55.79 kgf and tensile strength of 40.79 mpa is obtained at the optimal concentration of sorbitol and PVA is 30% and 5% respectively. The developed biodegradable tableware serves as the alternative solution for plastic tableware such that the developed plate withstands for one month free from fungus
Analysis of Trends in Climate Variables and the Adaptation Strategies Used by Cardamom Growers in Idukki District of Kerala, India
Authors: Devika R. S. , Devi M. Nirmala , Karthikeyan C. , Dheebakaran Ga. , Gangaiselvi R.
Published: August 2023

Aim: The study's main goal is to find any significant variations in the climatic variables and to analyze the preferences about adaptation strategies by the farmers to lessen the effects of the same.

Study Area and Design: An ex-post-facto study was conducted at randomly selected panchayaths in Nedumkandam, Idukki, Kerala.

Methodology: The climate data for 30 years (1991-2021) was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test and sen slope estimator. A sample size of 120 farmers was surveyed for identifying their preferences for adaptation measures. Adaptation strategies proposed by various institutions and experts were ranked using the Response Priority Index.

Results: Throughout the july month every year, the maximum temperature rise by 0.06◦C, and this increase is significant at 1% level. The minimum temperature increased considerably by 0.06◦C at 5% level in December and by 0.04 ◦C at 10% level in January. For the month of June, there was a 6.15 mm significant decrease at the 0.01 level of significance. March had a rise in precipitation of 0.753 mm, which is noteworthy at the 0.05 level. The increase in rainfall during summer may increase panicle initiation whereas reduction in rainfall during June affects flowering. At the 0.1 criterion, the increase in May was 2.028 mm, which is considerable. And at the 0.1 level of significance, the relative humidity rises by 0.19% and 0.15%, respectively, in March and May. Fluctuation in these parameters resulted in increased pest and disease incidence. 86.66 % of farmers found it important to adopt adaptation measures. The first listed adaptation measure was maintaining a good level of shade. The least effective of the suggested solutions was growing disease and pest-resistant cultivars.

Conclusion: The tests confirmed a shift in climate variables, and it is evident that this change affects cardamom production.
Performance of Different Varieties of Bougainvilliea (Bougainvillea glabra) Propagated Thgrough Hard Wood Cuttings under Prayagraj Shadenet House Conditions
Authors: Priya Nadakuduru Susmitha , Fatmi Urfi
Published: August 2023

An experiment to ascertain the performance of different varieties of bougainvillea (Bougainvillea glabra Choisy) propagated through hardwood cuttings under 50% shadenet house conditions was carried out from February to July, 2022, in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD), with fourteen different bougainvillea varieties, replicated thrice. Among the different varieties of bougainvillea, variety Isbel Green Smith recorded minimum days taken to first sprouting (10 days) and days taken to 50% sprouting (10.3 days), variety Joe de Libra recorded maximum sprouting percentage (96.7%) and success rate (96.7%). Length of first shoot/cutting (3.8 cm) and number of leaves/cutting (58.9) were recorded in variety Shubra, whereas, variety Chandraberi recorded maximum girth of first branch (4.4 cm).
An Analysis of the Correlation between Physiochemical Characteristics of Soil and the Morphological Characteristics of Grewia optiva Drummond in the Northwestern Himalayan Region
Authors: Dhiman Jyoti , Sankhyan H. P. , Rana Neerja , Sharma Parul , Thakur Shikha
Published: August 2023

Continued research on the physiochemical properties of soil is critical for the long-term maintenance of cropping systems, (including trees), in order to harness their economic benefits. The current study was carried out in the Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, COF, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) during the period 2020-2023 to quantify the impact of soil nutrient variation on the morphological characteristics of Grewia optiva Drummond in different districts with variable climate and heterogeneous soils. The impacts on growth parameters (tree height, crown spread, leaf traits) of selected populations of Grewia optiva Drummond statistically analyzed using Karl Pearson correlation coefficient. Two composite soil samples representative of the different populations were drawn from the two depths i.e., 0-15 cm (surface layer) and 15-30 cm (subsurface layer). These samples were collected underneath the selected populations of Grewia optiva Drummond. The collected soil samples were tested using standard soil methods and results were analysed using OPSTAT software. There was highly positive correlation observed between leaf area and soil N (0.509), leaf area and SOC (0.407), leaf area and soil P (0.728) and leaf area and soil K (0.577). Leaf length showed a highly significant correlation with SOC (0.401), soil N (0.509), soil P (0.710), and soil K (0.592). The tree height (0.385), tree diameter (0.602), crown spread (N-S) (0.629), crown spread (E-W) (0.334), branch nodal length (0.436) and leaf width (0.470) showed a significant positive correlation with soil P. Soil K showed a significant positive correlation with tree height (0.774), tree diameter (0.645), crown spread (N-S) (0.576), crown spread (E-W) (0.314), branch nodal length (0.737) and leaf width (0.592). Soil pH demonstrated highly significant correlation with Leaf width (0.449). The correlation developed between tree morphological and soil characteristics will help in quantify the impact of different soil characteristics on tree and leaf morphometric characteristics. It will further help in identification and selection of superior genotypes of Grewia optiva for further propagation to get improved genetic gain and for production of quality planting material.
Response of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) to Micronutrient Mixture in the Micronutrient Deficient Alfisol
Authors: Venkateswarlu Meeniga , Thiyageshwari S. , Suganya S. , Anandham R. , Selvi D. , Saraswathi T.
Published: August 2023

Aim: Though the effect of foliar application of micronutrients is well established, research on the performance of cauliflower with combined application of micronutrients is very meager. Keeping this in view, the research work was proposed  to assess the effect of Micronutrient Mixture on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower under field conditions.

Study Design: The field experiment in a randomized block design consisted of 6 treatment combinations with four replications.

Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Farmers Field, Deverayapuram, Thondamuthur, Coimbatore. The field experiment was conducted from March 2023 to May 2023.

Methodology: The micronutrient mixture specific to cauliflower was developed at various levels based on their requirement to crop, with data obtained from soil testing, literature on nutrient uptake, and micronutrient deficiencies in cauliflower crops. Different rates of micronutrient mixture viz., 15, 20, 25, and 30 kg ha-1 combined with farmyard manure (FYM), were used to enhance fertilizer solubility.

Results: It was recorded that the application of Micronutrient Mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 increased morphological characters and yield compared to other treatments followed by the Micronutrient Mixture @ 25 kg ha-1. The minimum yield and morphological characters were recorded in the control plot where neither FYM nor Micronutrient Mixture was applied.

Conclusion: This research depicted that the combined application of a micronutrient mixture @ 30 kg ha-1 incubated with FYM has a positive impact on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soil under field conditions resulting in improved morphological characters and crop yield. Hence, it may be concluded that an optimum dose of 30kg ha-1 can be recommended for cauliflower in micronutrient-deficient soils to enhance crop productivity.
A Study of Marketing of Cashew Nut in South Goa District of Goa, India
Authors: Kaviraj Gauns Dessai , Kumar Sanjay , Rai A. K.
Published: August 2023

A marketing of cashewnut was studied in South Goa district of Goa and have been presented in the form of tabular analysis. A multi-stage stratified sampling procedure was adopted to select marketing functionaries such as primary and secondary market. The study regarding market functionaries was considered to collect data regarding marketing cost and margins and to identify different marketing channels. With the help of this data price spread, producer share in consumer’s rupee and marketing efficiency was calculated. The three different channels were identified i.e., Channel I (Producer-Cooperative societies- Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer), Channel II (Producer-Village Trader-Processor-wholesaler-retailer) and Channel III (Producer-Processor-Wholesaler-Retailer). The Channel III was found to be most efficient marketing channel and the Channel II was found more popular in marketing of cashewnut.
Evaluation of Brinjal Genotypes (Solanum melongena L.) for Growth, Yield and Quality Characters in Bundelkhand Region of U.P, India
Authors: Verma Aniket Kumar , Mishra A. C. , Tripathi Prashant Kumar
Published: August 2023

The experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, UP, India during the Rabi season in 2021 and 2022 to assess the performance of thirty-four genotypes of brinjal. The investigation was carried out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. The genotype BUB-18-27 exhibited the best yield potential of all the genotypes evaluated based on mean performance, followed by BUB-18-12, BUB-18-4, BUB-18-24, BUB-18-20, BUB-18-22, BUB-18-25, Kashi Taru, BUB-18-25 and BUB-18-17. From the earliness point of view, the genotypes BUB-18-20 recorded lowest value for days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit harvest among the recognized high yielding genotypes. The genotype BUB-18-27 was also found positively best with respect to average fruit weight, total soluble solids, fruit diameter, fruit circumference, number of primary branches and leaf area index. Other genotypes showing better performance for fruit yield per plant were also better for most of fruit yield contributing traits. As a result, these genotypes can be utilized for further improvement of fruit yield and its contributing traits in brinjal.
Effect of Thermosonication on Total Soluble Solid, pH and Titrable Acidity of Nagpur Mandarin Juice
Authors: Sahu Rajnish Kumar , Kumar Vijay , Minz Shashi Kiran , Painkra Dayanand Sai , Sahu Pooja , Thakur Supriya
Published: August 2023

Nagpur mandarin is well known globally for its excellent nutritional benefits and flavor. Various physicochemical characteristics get affected during storage due to lack of knowledge & processing techniques. One of the most parameters which decide the quality and taste of fruit juice during storage is total soluble solid, pH & titrable acidity. These parameters get affected during storage and shows a decreasing value for total soluble solid, pH & titrable acidity. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to understand the effect of thermosonication and thermal pasteurization on total soluble solid, pH and titrable acidity of Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) juice. Samples were analyzed after treatment at 0 day and 7 days of refrigerated storage at 4 ℃. Result indicated that thermosonication and thermal pasteurization treatments on total soluble solid, pH and titrable acidity showed non-significant effect. However, heat pasteurization was found to be superior over thermosonication. Heat pasteurization at 95℃ for 20 seconds recorded better performance in total soluble solid, pH & acidity compared to other treatment.
Effect of Nutrients Management Management Practices on Growth and Yield Parameters of Gobhi Sarson (Brassica napus spp. napus).
Authors: Deekshith H. N.  , Mankotia B. S.  , Manuja S.
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted at Shivalik Agriculture Research and Extension Centre (SAREC), CSKHPKV, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh to study the response of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer as well as their combinations with farm yard manure (FYM), secondary and micro nutrients on growth and yield of gobhi sarson during rabi 2019-20.  The experiment consists of eleven treatments which replicated thrice under Randamized block design (RBD). Results of the experiment revealed that yield attributes like plant height, number of primary and secondary branches per plant, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, and1000 seed weight were maximum in 150 per cent NPK was applied and minimum control. Seed and stover yield of mustard was significantly influenced with fertilizer application. Application of 150 per cent NPK resulted in significantly higher seed yield, stover yield as well as biological yield of gobhi sarson. Yield responses to fertilization were ranked as NPK>NP>NK>PK, illustrating that N was the most limiting nutrient in rapeseed productivity following P and K. The seed yield (1451.2 kgha-1) and stover yield (2815.7 kgha-1) increased progressively and significantly with 150% NPK application over recommended fertilizer dose followed by application of 100 per cent NPK in combination with farmyard manure (FYM).
Root Parameter Investigation in Standardized Media for Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea comm. Ex Juss.) Propagation
Authors: Minj Shashi Kiran , Gupta P. Pooja , Kumar Rajnish , Khilari Madhavi , Painkra Dayanand Sai
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 16 treatments and 5 replications comprising of soilless media and biofertilizer Azotobacter. The present experiment entitled “Standardization of media for propagation of Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea comm. Ex Juss.)” was carried out at Horticultural nursery, College of Agriculture, IGKV, Raipur, (C.G) during the year 2019-20. All of the media treatments compared to the control had better vegetative and rooting qualities. Soil + Sand + Cocopeat had the highest sprouting rate and survival percentage of all the media treatments tested. All other Root attributes viz. The minimum days to rooting (144.80), The longest root length (6.08), highest number of roots per cutting (63.54). The most cuttings that could successfully take root (24.00) were found to be idealistic in media including soil, sand, and cocopeat. The results showed that all increasing media treatments had a substantial impact on all variables related to Bougainvillea development, including shoot and root growth. The results showed that the development of Bougainvillea as well as all the growing media treatments had a significant impact on all the characters' associated root growth. The maximum overall  production cost has been seen in T6 (Soil + Sand + Cocopeat) and the least production cost in T13 (Soil + Azotobacter). Combination of rooting media has been beneficial to significantly increase the vegetative growth parameters and economics as compared to control in Bougainvillea.
Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål Resistance in Backcross Derived Rice Lines
Authors: Yazhini S. , Gokulakrishnan M. , Devi J. Niranjana , Pelhania Garima , Arul L. , Manonmani S. , Gopalakrishnan C. , Ramalingam J.
Published: August 2023

A prominent rice pest, brown planthopper (BPH) significantly reduces the grain yield in rice across the globe and employing chemical pesticides leads to unwarranted environmental issues. Breeding for BPH resistance is an essential strategy to mitigate the losses caused by them. Host plant resistance through marker assisted selection is a chief strategy to lessen harms caused by BPH and boost rice production. In this study, we have analyzed BPH resistance in the BC1F5 population, which is a backcross derivative of improved CO51 and Ptb33. Improved CO51 has already been introgressed with bacterial blight resistant genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21 and blast resistant gene Pi54 via marker assisted selection (MAS). Ptb33 was used as the donor parent to incorporate BPH resistant genes bph2 and Bph32 to this CO51 background. The genotypically and phenotypically selected 26 lines of BC1F5 generation were screened against BPH along with parents and checks. The bioassay of the population exhibited a range of variation for BPH resistance. Among the 26 near isogenic lines, 18 (2 resistant and 16 are moderately resistant) and eight showed susceptible to moderate susceptible reaction. The 18 resistant lines were further multiplied and are now in hot spot screening.
Genetic Variances, Heritability and Traits Association of Early Maturing Maize Hybrids under Induced Drought at Seedling and Flowering Stages
Authors: Adewale S. A. , Akinwale R. O.
Published: August 2023

Aims: Information on traits association and inheritance are crucial to designing appropriate breeding strategies for improving maize production and productivity in drought-prone ecologies. The objectives of this study were to investigate inter-trait relationships among maize hybrids and estimate genetic variances and heritability of drought tolerance parameters under seedling and flowering drought conditions.

Methodology: Sixty-six single cross hybrids generated using diallel mating design plus nine hybrid checks were evaluated using a 5 x 15 alpha lattice and randomized complete block designs in three replicates on the field and in the screenhouse respectively, during 2015 cropping season. Data were collected on grain yield, ears per plant, anthesis-silking interval, seedling aspect, chlorophyll content and leaf area and these data were subjected to analysis of variance as well as correlation and path coefficient analyses.

Results: Significant mean squares (P = .05) were observed for all measured traits except leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Narrow-sense heritability estimate for grain yield was moderate (33.4%) on the field and low (0 – 25%) for all the seedling traits. The low narrow-sense heritability estimates observed for most seedling traits implied that the scope for improvement of these traits in the genotypes is limited. Seedling traits under drought stress were not directly correlated with grain yield on the field except number of dead leaves relative to the total number of leaves. Results of the path analysis revealed that number of leaves, number of dead leaves and chlorophyll content under the screenhouse conditions had significant direct effects on grain yield on the field.

Conclusion: Number of leaves, and chlorophyll content under drought at seedling stage could therefore be used as indicator traits for grain yield improvement in maize exposed to drought stress at flowering stage.
Growth Factors for a Strawberry Crop are Affected by Microalgae and Vermicompost
Authors: Singh Sachin Kumar , Singh Jasveer , Rajveer  , Simon Sobita , Choudhary Naseeb
Published: August 2023

A Randomized Block Design (RBD) field experiment was conducted in Central Research Farm (CRF) at Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, U.P. during the Rabi season of 2019-2020 in pots. Growth factors for a strawberry crop are affected by microalgae and vermicompost different dose of microalgae and vermicompost on number of leaves and height per plant of strawberry at 30, 60 and 90 DAT under field condition.

 The maximum number of leaves (per plant) was recorded T9 @ Microalgae 8g + vermicompost (16, 18 and 23.50 per plant, respectively) followed by T6 @ Microalgae @ 5g/pot + Vermicompost (15.75, 20.00 and 21.50 per plant, respectively) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, respectively. The treatment T9 @ Microalgae 8g + vermicompost recorded maximum plant height (cm) (14.80, 23.03 and 28.58 cm, respectively) followed by T8 @ Microalgae @ 7g/pot + Vermicompost (14.13, 22.23 and 26.43cm, respectively) at 30, 60 and 90 DAT, respectively.  Shows significant increment in the number of leaves per plant, at different intervals and all the other treatments were non-significate among each other. And all the treatments showed significant result in comparison to control treatment.
Employment Efficiency, Financial and Administrative Corruption: A Study in the Dialectical Relationship between Them
Authors: Agha Sabah Hameed Ali , Suleiman Salem
Published: August 2023

The human resource is the essential element of the production process, which is inevitable to ensure better productivity. For this reason, organizations try to invest these capabilities of human resources in what they were prepared for, through planning and defining jobs in accordance with the objectives of the institution and in line with its field of work. So jobs must be compatible with the objectives of the institution, and the activity the jobs are exercises.

All of this made the title of the job as an indication of the work that is practiced.

So the title of the job must indicate the activity, tasks accomplish and the work employee perform. Anything contrary to that is reflected in a waste of financial and human resources , which leads to a decline in their performance . But looking at reality shows otherwise, as job titles do not reflect their content, nor do individuals work in positions that do not correspond to their specializations, and that what they receive in terms of wages does not reward their performance neither in kind nor in level.
Phylogenetic Analysis by Molecular Sequence of Various Human Interleukins
Authors: Rosales María Elena Tejeda , Tejeda Manuel Guillermo Sánchez , Tejeda Juan Francisco Sánchez , Ruiz Juan Francisco Sánchez
Published: August 2023

Due to the importance of interleukins in the immune response, cell differentiation, and their potential use to treat autoimmune diseases and tumors, we decided to perform in this article a phylogenetic classification through the molecular sequence of several interleukins.

Aims: To make a general description of the most probable evolutionary history of the interleukins’ lineage by building a phylogenetic tree using statistical models.

Methodology: The molecular sequences of 16 human interleukins were downloaded from the UNIPROT website in FASTA format. With the free software MEGA11, using a maximum likelihood statistical model, the phylogenetic tree was built; subsequently, the constants were incorporated in the model to calibrate the time tree marker.

Results: Our results show that the first interleukins of Homo sapiens sapiens were outlined in the Upper Paleolithic. The evolutionary history of 8 interleukins probably occurred in the Mesolithic period. In the Neolithic, already with the discovery of agriculture, 6 Interleukins were developed.

Conclusions: Our results show that the appearance of different IL’s throughout the history of humanity, from the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, coincides with climatic changes, variations in diet and / or lifestyle of humankind. In addition, some archaeological findings could be relevant to understanding how human evolution influenced the development of IL's, such as the genetic exchange between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis.
Macro Economics Analysis of Relationship between Unemployment and GDP Growth of Bhutan: Application of Okun’s Law
Authors: Waiba Sangay Phuntsho , Bomjan Aiti Maya
Published: August 2023

This paper examines the relationship between unemployment and the GDP growth rate in Bhutan, focusing on the applicability of Okun's laws from 1991 to 2022. The findings reveal significant short-term and long-term impacts of unemployment on Bhutan's GDP. Both the short run and long run demonstrate the negative effects of unemployment on GDP in Bhutan. The results confirm the validity of Okun's law in the country, showing that a one-unit increase in unemployment leads to a decline of 2 percentage points in GDP. Consequently, this study emphasizes the need for appropriate measures and policies to address the unemployment problem in Bhutan. To tackle this issue, the implementation of hands-on training and workshops on job-related skills during undergraduate studies is recommended. By providing practical training early on, individuals will be better prepared for the job market, enhancing their employability and contributing to the economy more effectively. Furthermore, the government should allocate mandatory internships in various related fields. These internships will provide students with valuable practical experience, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world application.
Narrow Complex Tachycardia
Authors: Cherian Tharian S. , Silverstein Joshua R. , Thosani Amit J.
Published: August 2023

This case report presents the electrocardiogram findings of a patient in their 50s with sudden onset, severe palpitations lasting for 2 hours.
Automated detection of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome via quantitative EEG
Authors: Eckhardt Christine A. , Sun Haoqi , Malik Preeti , Quadri Syed , Santana Firme Marcos , Jones Daniel K. , van Sleuwen Meike , Jain Aayushee , Fan Ziwei , Jing Jin , Ge Wendong , Danish Husain H. , Jacobson Caron A. , Rubin Daniel B. , Kimchi Eyal Y. , Cash Sydney S. , Frigault Matthew J. , Lee Jong Woo , Dietrich Jorg , Westover M. Brandon
Published: August 2023

Objective

To develop an automated, physiologic metric of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study from 2016 to 2020 at two tertiary care centers among patients receiving chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy with a CD19 or B‐cell maturation antigen ligand. We determined the daily neurotoxicity grade for each patient during EEG monitoring via chart review and extracted clinical variables and outcomes from the electronic health records. Using quantitative EEG features, we developed a machine learning model to detect the presence and severity of neurotoxicity, known as the EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score.

Results

The EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score significantly correlated with the grade of neurotoxicity with a median Spearman's R2 of 0.69 (95% CI of 0.59–0.77). The mean area under receiving operator curve was greater than 0.85 for each binary discrimination level. The score also showed significant correlations with maximum ferritin (R2 0.24, p = 0.008), minimum platelets (R2 –0.29, p = 0.001), and dexamethasone usage (R2 0.42, p < 0.0001). The score significantly correlated with duration of neurotoxicity (R2 0.31, p < 0.0001).

Interpretation

The EEG immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome score possesses high criterion, construct, and predictive validity, which substantiates its use as a physiologic method to detect the presence and severity of neurotoxicity among patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy.
Interlayer Polymerization of 2D Chiral Perovskite Single‐Crystal Films toward High‐Performance Flexible Circularly Polarized Light Detection
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Yin Xing , Gu Zhenkun , Yuan Meng , Ma Jianpeng , Li Tenglong , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen , Song Yanlin
Published: August 2023

2D chiral perovskite has greatly boosted the development of optoelectronic devices, ranging from nonlinear optics, spintronics, and ferroelectrics to energy harvesting devices. Despite circularly polarized light (CPL) detection based on chiral perovskite has been achieved, the environmental humidity‐, ultraviolet (UV), and temperature‐induced structural degradation and its large electro‐phonon coupling restrict its commercial application. Here, this study first realizes polymerized chiral perovskite single‐crystal films by combining in situ cross‐linking polymerization with the space‐confined crystallization method. Compared with uncross‐linked chiral perovskites, cross‐linked chiral perovskites exhibit enhanced crystallinity and lattice rigidity, yielding high‐performance circularly polarized photodetectors with a maximum anisotropy factor of 0.22, the responsivity of 1.6 A W−1, and detectivity of 2.17 × 1013 Jones. In addition, flexible circularly polarized photodetectors with extremely high mechanical stability are also realized originating from the polymer‐like behavior of cross‐linked chiral perovskite single‐crystal films. This study opens up new avenues to further enhance the performance and stability of portable and wearable devices based on chiral perovskites.
Prolonging Treatment Window of Photodynamic Therapy with Self‐Amplified H2O2‐Activated Photodynamic/Chemo Combination Therapeutic Nanomedicines
Authors: Diao Shanchao , Liu Yaxin , Guo Zixin , Xu Zhiwei , Shen Jinlong , Zhou Wen , Xie Chen , Fan Quli
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising approach to cancer therapy. However, the relatively short tumor retention time of photosensitizers (PSs) makes it difficult to catch the optimal treatment time and restricts multiple PDT within a single injection. In this study, a tumor‐specific phototheranostic nanomedicine (DPPa NP) is developed for photodynamic/chemo combination therapy with a prolonged PDT treatment window. DPPa NP is prepared via encapsulating a hydrophobic oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA‐SOH)‐conjugatable PS DPPa with amphiphilic H2O2‐activatable chlorambucil (CL) prodrug mPEG‐TK‐CL. The released CL under H2O2 treatment can not only kill tumor cells but also upregulate reactive oxygen species levels within tumor cells, leading to the almost full release of cargoes. The released DPPa may conjugate with overexpressed BSA‐SOH, which results in the recovery of the fluorescence signal and photodynamic effect. More importantly, such conjugation transfers DPPa from a small molecule PS into a macromolecular PS with a long tumor retention time and treatment window of PDT, which enables multiple PDT. This study thus provides an effective strategy to prolong the treatment window of PDT and enables tumor‐specific fluorescence imaging‐guided combination therapy.
Spatially Controlled UV Light Generation at Depth using Upconversion Micelles
Authors: Zhou Qi , Wirtz Brendan M. , Schloemer Tracy H. , Burroughs Michael C. , Hu Manchen , Narayanan Pournima , Lyu Junrui , Gallegos Arynn O. , Layton Colette , Mai Danielle J. , Congreve Daniel N.
Published: August 2023

UV light can trigger a plethora of useful photochemical reactions for diverse applications, including photocatalysis, photopolymerization, and drug delivery. These applications typically require penetration of high‐energy photons deep into materials, yet delivering these photons beyond the surface is extremely challenging due to absorption and scattering effects. Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) shows great promise to circumvent this issue by generating high‐energy photons from incident lower‐energy photons. However, molecules that facilitate TTA‐UC usually have poor water solubility, limiting their deployment in aqueous environments. To address this challenge, a nanoencapsulation method is leveraged to fabricate water‐compatible UC micelles, enabling on‐demand UV photon generation deep into materials. Two iridium‐based complexes are presented for use as TTA‐UC sensitizers with increased solubilities that facilitate the formation of highly emissive UV‐upconverting micelles. Furthermore, this encapsulation method is shown to be generalizable to nineteen UV‐emitting UC systems, accessing a range of upconverted UV emission profiles with wavelengths as low as 350 nm. As a proof‐of‐principle demonstration of precision photochemistry at depth, UV‐emitting UC micelles are used to photolyze a fluorophore at a focal point nearly a centimeter beyond the surface, revealing opportunities for spatially controlled manipulation deep into UV‐responsive materials.