bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A community-based study of common hereditary blood disorders in Oman
Authors: Al Riyami A. A.
Published: September 2021

Weassessed the prevalence of three common hereditary blood disorders [sickle-cell and beta-thalassaemia traits and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency] among the Omani population. We interviewed a representative sample of 6103 Omani households and blood samples from 6342 children aged 0-5 years were collected. About 27% of Omani males had inherited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency [compared with 11% of females] while countrywide prevalence rates for the sickle-cell and beta-thalassaemia traits were estimated to be 5.8% and 2.2% respectively and showed no significant gender differences. There was a significant association between all three disorders and region of the country.
Breast cancer in south-east Republic of Yemen
Authors: Abdul Hamid G. , Tayeb M. S. , Bawazir A. A.
Published: September 2021

A retrospective study of breast cancer was carried out using the treatment registry of Aden Health Office and archives of Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital from January 1989 to December 1996 and the records of patients registered at Aden Cancer Centre from January 1997 to December 1998. The data analysed included age, sex, residence, breast affected and type of cancer. There were 227 patients with breast cancer registered between January 1989 and December 1998; 225 were female and 2 were male. Most of the patients [81.5%] had infiltrating ductal carcinoma. About 90% of the patients had lymph node involvement. The age groups most affected were 30-39 years and 40-49 years.
Medical waste and health workers in Gaza governorates
Authors: Massrouje H. T.
Published: September 2021

The study was conducted among health workers in Gaza to identify and highlight the problem of medical waste management. Data were collected through a questionnaire [given to 400 health workers], a checklist and interviews [with 16 decision-makers]. Results show that there is no system for medical waste management in Gaza. Segregation is done only for sharps and there are no colour-coded bags. Medical waste is stored and disposed of with domestic waste in primary health care clinics and is incinerated in hospitals, but there are no emission control or safety measures. There are some gaps in knowledge of health care workers, and current practices are inadequate. However there is generally a positive attitude to improving medical waste management among those surveyed and interviewed. A national programme for medical waste management is essential in Palestine.
Overview of the water and wastewater reuse crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Al Salem S. S.
Published: September 2021

Many countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region have very limited water resources. The situation will worsen in the future as populations grow and demands rise, and water/wastewater reuse will become imperative. This paper reviews the current situation in the Region as regards water use/reuse and management, and gives suggestions for how to ensure sufficient water resources for the future.
Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis in Sudan
Authors: Kordofani Y. M. , Nour Y. T. , El Hassan A. M. , Shalayel M. H.
Published: September 2021

Post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis [PKDL] is a condition that develops after treatment of kala azar. We report on 42 patients with suspected PKDL, 40% of whom were children. Diagnosis was made though investigation of family history of kala azar, clinical examination and the use of laboratory investigations, such as skin smear, skin biopsy, bone marrow aspiration and the leishmanin skin test. Regarding the lesions, 24 patients [57%] had papular lesions, 10 [24%] had hypopigmented maculopapular lesions and 8 [19%] had nodular lesions. The lesions of PKDL may be confused with other dermatological diseases and therefore it is important that clinicians and pathologists collaborate in diagnosing such cases.
College students’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes towards AIDS in predicting their safe sex behaviour
Authors: Poureslami M. , Roberts S. , Tavakoli R.
Published: September 2021

We tested the applicability of the health belief model [HBM] in predicting college students’ intentions to use condoms and condom use and to determine whether or not college students’ attitudes toward AIDS would influence their decision to use condoms. United States university students [282] responded to a closed-format questionnaire about condom use, following an elicitation open-ended survey. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive power of the HBM components. Of HBM components, cue to action, barrier and benefit were the most powerful predictors of both condom use intentions and behaviour. Students’ beliefs and attitudes toward AIDS did not influence their decision to use condoms.
Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis:ultrasound imaging or countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis?
Authors: Sadjjadi S. M.
Published: September 2021

Cystic echinococcosis is a major zoonotic diseases in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was carried out in 3 general hospitals in Shiraz. We examined the records of all 1227 surgical patients with a surgically-proven diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis for the 20-year period 1978-98. The results of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis were compared with pathology and ultrasound reports to determine whether serological tests could be helpful for diagnosis. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis could detect only 62.0% of cases, whereas the pathology and ultrasound results were positive for 96.3% of cases. This study confirms the usefulness of ultrasound and suggests that only in doubtful cases would countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis be useful for diagnosing cystic echinococcosis.
Seroepidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis among humans and animal reservoirs in Bushehr province, Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Mohebali M. , Hamzavi Y. , Edrissian G. H. , Forouzani A.
Published: September 2021

Using direct agglutination tests, a survey of visceral leishmaniasis was carried out among children and adults from 13 villages and from nomadic tribes in Bushehr province during 1998-99. Of the 1496 plasma samples, the overall seropositive rate [titres > or = 1: 3200] was 3.4%. Almost all cases [94.1%] were in children under 10 years old. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with kala azar; fever and splenomegaly were the predominant signs and symptoms. Parasitology and serology examinations of local animals identified dogs and jackals infected with Leishmania infantum. Suggestions for control of visceral leishmaniasis in this area are to eliminate stray dogs, identify cases among humans and suspected leashed dogs, and treat infected individuals.
Risk factors for vaginal trichomoniasis among women in Basra, Iraq
Authors: Mahdi N. K. , Gany Z. H. , Sharief M.
Published: September 2021

We investigated Trichomonas vaginalis infection among 352 women with vaginal discharge, 46 were found to be infected, an infection rate of 13%. There were no significant differences in the isolation rate of T. vaginalis in women according to occupation, educational level, economic status, age, marital status, parity, menstrual status and contraception use. The difference in the isolation rates of T. vaginalis in women with a history of abortion [7.6%] and in women with no history of abortion [15.7%] was statistically significant.
[Prevalence of contraceptive use in a periurban area of Sousse, Tunisia]
Authors: Touati S. , Ben Abdel Aziz A. , Mtiraoui A. , Marzouki M.
Published: September 2021

A contraceptive prevalence survey was conducted among 1277 women of reproductive age, to explore knowledge of and attitudes to contraceptive use and study factors influencing contraceptive use. We found that family planning methods were generally well known. The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 53.6%, IUDs being the most commonly used followed by sterilization and pills. The public sector was the main source for obtaining contraceptives although pills and condoms tended to be obtained from the private sector. There was a significant correlation between contraceptive use and urban residence.
Infant mortality in Arab countries: sociodemographic, perinatal and economic factors
Authors: Shawky S.
Published: September 2021

The infant mortality rates for 1978 and 1998 of 16 Arab countries in the Eastern Mediterranean region were studied. The data were extracted from World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund sources. The impact of demographic, social, perinatal care and economic indicators on infant mortality rates in 1998 was studied using Spearman rank coefficient to detect significant correlations. All countries, except Iraq, showed a sharp decline in rates from 1978 to 1998. Infant mortality rates were directly related to population size, annual total births, low birth weight and maternal mortality ratios. Also, infant mortality rates were inversely related to literacy status of both sexes, annual gross national product per capita and access to safe drinking-water and adequate sanitation facilities.
Disease severity associated with cystic fibrosis mutations delta F508 and S549R [T-G]
Authors: Dawson K. P. , Frossard P. M. , Al Awar B.
Published: September 2021

We compared the clinical severity associated with the two cystic fibrosis [CF] mutations S549R [T [R] G] and deltaF508. Clinical and biochemical variables of CF were compared in two age- and sex-matched groups of CF children in the United Arab Emirates [UAE]. The clinical severity of mutations S549R [T [R] G] and delta F508 showed comparable patterns, with very low Shwachman scores and high sweat chloride levels. We conclude that patients homozygous for the CF mutations deltaF508 and S549R [T [R] G] have a severe clinical presentation and illness and are indistinguishable on clinical grounds.
Cardiac and ocular manifestations in Egyptian patients with mucopolysaccharidoses
Authors: Shawky R. M. , Abdel Monim M. T. , El Sebai A. A. , El Sayed S. M.
Published: September 2021

Cardiac and ocular manifestations were evaluated in 21 patients clinically suspected of mucopolysaccharidosis. After electrophoresis analysis of urinary glycoaminoglycans, 3 patients were excluded because their results did not correlate with any known type of mucopolysaccharidosis. Echocardiography revealed abnormal findings in 11 patients [61.1%]. The mitral valve was the most commonly affected valve; 7 patients [38.9%] had thickened mitral valve and 6 had mitral regurge. Corneal opacities were found in 3 patients [16.7%] and progressive increase in intraocular pressure in 1 patient [5.6%], while fundus examination showed early optic atrophy in 1 patient [5.6%] and bilateral papilloedema in 2 patients [11.1%].
Cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan as a predictor of joint damage in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: El Sayed Z. A. , Saleh M. T. , Al Wakkad A. S. , Sherief L. S. , Nasr El Din A. M.
Published: September 2021

Aggrecan was measured in the sera of 31 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and in the synovial fluid of 10 of them. Patients were evaluated at baseline and 3 months later. Radiographs were repeated also after 1 year. As comparison, 15 apparently healthy children with no disease and 10 children with arthritis due to other collagen vascular diseases were studied. Baseline serum aggrecan was significantly higher in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to controls and other patients. On re-evaluation, a significant drop in serum aggrecan from baseline values coincided with a significant drop in clinical and laboratory indices of active inflammation. Serum aggrecan can help to assess the extent of cartilage destruction and is useful as a prognostic tool to predict joint damage in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
In vivo antiplatelet effect of intravenous alum in rabbits
Authors: Mohammed F. I. , Shafagoj Y. A.
Published: September 2021

Traditionally known as a haemostatic agent, alum shows a paradoxical effect of increased prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times. This study investigated the in vivo effect of alum on platelet aggregation and bleeding time in rabbits. The collagen-induced platelet aggregation of platelet-rich plasma samples from 14 healthy rabbits was measured turbidometrically using a platelet aggregometer, before and 1 hour after intravenous injection of alum. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after alum injection. Bleeding time from an ear puncture in 8 rabbits was also significantly prolonged after intravenous alum injection. These results suggest that the use of alum as an oral antiplatelet drug could be explored further, taking into account possible side-effects especially in renal compromised patients
Urinary tract infection among pregnant women in Al-Mukalla district, Yemen
Authors: Al Haddad A. M.
Published: September 2021

Urinary tract infection [UTI] is a common problem in pregnant woman. This study examined the frequency of UTI in 137 pregnant women attending Al Mukalla maternity hospital from January to June 2002. Urine samples were examined for UTI microscopically and by culture, and sensitivity tests were done for the organisms isolated using a range of antibiotics. Information on age, trimester, parity and number of pregnancies were also collected for each woman. This study showed that 30% of the women suffered from UTI; Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism [41.5%], and it was highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftizoxime and amikacin. Of the variables examined, 53.7% of the infected women were in the age group 15-24 years, 48.8% were in their 3rd trimester and 75.6% had 1-3 children
Stomatal Number and Size of Ornamental Dicotyledons Plant in Pontianak West Kalimantan
Authors: Klarisya Lara , Daningsih Entin
Published: September 2021

Greening in an urban area is a very important role in regulating temperature around. However, not all plants provide the same level of cooling. Cooling environmental temperature can be influenced by transpiration. This study aimed to measure the transpiration rate of dicotyledon plants. The method was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the main factors six dicotyledon species and three plant parts namely the top, middle, and bottom parts of the lowest plant branches with five replications. The data were analyzed using SAS. If the treatments were significant it was followed by the LSD test. The plant species and plant part significantly influenced the transpiration rate; however, the combination of the two did not significantly affect. The highest transpiration rate occurred significantly in Syzygium oleana R.Br (0.013080 gr.cm2.hour) whereas the lowest transpiration rate occurred in Codiaeum variegatum Bl. (0.004147 gr.cm2.hour). The bottom part of the plants (0.009933 gr.cm2.hour) had the highest transpiration rate significantly compared to the middle (0.009633 gr.cm2.hour) and the top (0.007577 gr.cm2.hour). The highest transpiration rate in Syzygium oleana R.Br, as well as the bottom part of the plants, had the potential to reduce its surrounding temperature.
Teaching Natural Sciences using Local Natural Resources through Lesson Study-Based Scientific Approach to Enhance Students’ Learning Interest and Outcomes
Authors: Kurniawan Arif Didik , Sunandar Ari , Kurniawati Ida
Published: September 2021

Teaching Natural Sciences classes should be done creatively using natural resources as the learning media because the interaction between teachers and students without any media and learning sources will lead to students' lack of interest and low learning outcomes. Additionally, intensive communication between teachers and students needs to be taken into consideration to maximize the teaching-learning process. This study aimed at investigating the difference and the effect of teaching Natural Sciences using local natural resources through a lesson study-based scientific approach to student interest and learning outcomes at SMP Negeri 3 Sungai Raya. This study used quasi- experimental and nonequivalent control group designs. The samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments were tests, questionnaires, and observation. The data were statistically analyzed using U-Mann Whitney. The results of the U-Mann Whitney test showed the value of students learning outcomes was 0,000 <0.05 and the value of students' interest was 0,000 <0.05. Besides, the value of the Effect Size of students learning outcomes reached 73.4% and the value of the Effect Size of students learning interest was 55.4%. In conclusion, students learning outcomes and learning interest increase significantly after taught using local natural resources through a lesson study-based scientific approach.
Description of Stomatal Sizes and Types From Several Shading and Ornamental Plants In Pontianak West Kalimantan
Authors: Vivin K. Dhea , Daningsih Entin
Published: September 2021

Stomatal size is very important related to the transpiration rate. Stomatal types relate to the genetic relationship. This research aimed to describe the stomatal size and type from the shading and ornamental plants in Pontianak. The stomatal sizes and types were measured under 10x10 and 10x40 of magnification subsequently, equipped with a standardized micrometer. Of the 26 plants species, the longest stomata were found in Rhoe discolor (74.44 μm) and the shortest in Mangifera indica L. (15.65 μm) whilst the widest stomata were found in Rhoe discolor (42.08 μm) and the narrowest was found in Morinda citrifolia L., Syzygium malaccense L., and Chlorophytum comosum with the width was only 9.71 μm. There were three stomatal types (paracytic, anomocytic, and anisocytic) that were found in 20 dicotyledon plants and four stomatal types (type 1, 2, 3, and 4) were found in six monocotyledon plants. The most common type was paracytic found in 11 dicotyledon plants. This stomatal size becomes the foundation to do further research related to the transpiration rate whereas stomatal types can indicate the closeness of the genetic relationship.
Stomatal Number and Size of Dicotyledon Plants
Authors: Hastika Dia Widi , Daningsih Entin
Published: September 2021

The stomatal number and size influence transpiration, a process of water loss in the plant that cools its environmental temperature. Some dicotyledon plants function as shading plants, especially in the urban area. However stomatal number and size of some plants are not known. This study aimed to know the stomatal number and size in dicotyledon shading plants. The method used factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with the main factors of six dicotyledon plants and plant part of the lowest branch. Whilst the combinations were between the two. The stomatal number and size were sampled using a replica method from these treatments and observed under 10x10 and 10x40 magnification, subsequently. The stomatal number were counted used hand counter and size were measured using a calibrated micrometer. Data were analyzed using SAS with a model of factorial CRD. Both main factors were significant whereas the combinations were not. for stomatal number and size. The highest stomatal number and the largest stomatal size occurred in Syzygium oleana R.Br and Aerva sanguinolenta Bl, subsequently. The Syszygium has the highest number but the smallest size of stomata whereas Aerva sanguinolenta Bl has the other around. The more the leaves developed the smaller number but the bigger size of stomata.
Joyful Learning Model: Improving Higher Order Thinking Skill and Students' Learning Motivation at Senior High School
Authors: Ardiyanti Siti , Qurbaniah Mahwar , Muldayanti Nuri Dewi
Published: September 2021

Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is one of the most important aspects to increase the quality of education. However, HOTS in SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak is considered still not appearing. This can be seen from the practice questions given by the teacher still using the verb C1-C3. Besides that based on the result of interviews with students, the learning pattern applied by biology teachers who still conventional method makes students bored and less motivated to study biology. The use of a joyful learning model is expected to help students to improve their HOTS and motivation in learning. This study aimed to determine the effect of a joyful learning model on students’ HOTS and their learning motivation. This quasi-experimental research involved 30 students of X MIA 1 and X MIA 2 as the sample. Data were collected through test and questionnaires which was analyzed using effect size. The results obtained from the test show that joyful learning model could improvements in the both students’ HOTS and learning motivation, indicated by the value of effect size HOTS obtained at 0,31 which is included in the medium category, and students’ motivation in learning with the effect size value at 1,15 which is categorized as very high. Thus, joyful learning could improve HOTS and learning motivation in senior high school.
Maternal Genetic Distance Between Sundanese and Javanese Populations in Indonesia
Authors: Candramila Wolly , Sumarsono Sony Heru , Suryobroto Bambang , Moeis Maelita Ramdani
Published: September 2021

The study of Austronesian languages classified the Sundanese language within the Malay-Sumbawa group along with Madurese, Aceh, Balinese, Sasak, Sumbawa, and Malay languages. However, The HUGO Pan-Asian SNP Consortium in 2010 reported that the genetic relationship between Sundanese and Javanese people was closer than the one between Sundanese and Malay people. The history of both kingdoms also confirmed the close relationship between Sundanese elites in the west and Javanese elites in the central and east parts of Java. Maternal lineage analysis was done on the mtDNA D-loop region (HVRI and II) from 118 unrelated Sundanese and 33 Javanese probands. We found 12 newly-formed haplotypes (or maternal lineages) as a divergence from one maternal lineage that was characterized by a normal mutation of 186C. These 12 haplotypes were commonly known as the current population of Sundanese and Javanese. Moreover, we also found 11 individual haplotypes that were predicted to be older than the common 12 haplotypes. These older haplotypes were characterized by normal mutations of C64T and C186G. Using a model of K2P, the maternal genetic distance between Sundanese and Javanese populations was 0.12555 or equal to 2190-4622 years of divergence based on the calibration of the mutation rate on both hypervariable regions.
The Harvest Time, Optimal Growth and Catharanthine Content of Catharanthus roseus Cell Aggregates Treated with Tryptophan in Erlenmeyer Flash
Authors: Pandiangan Dingse , Tilaar Wenny , Nainggolan Nelson
Published: September 2021

Catharanthine bioactive compounds from Catharanthus roseus L. (G.) Don has been studied either in vitro and in vivo. Studies have been conducted to determine the effect of precursor tryptophan on the optimal growth and catharanthine content produced by cell aggregate cultures of Catharanthus roseus. The optimal growth and catharanthine content occur when the aggregate cell growth is good and the content of catharanthine is also high. Aggregate cell C. roseus was cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) with the addition of 2 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L kinetin. Treatment was given with the addition of 150 mg/L tryptophan and the control without tryptophan. Further, the growth and the content of catharanthine were observed in cell aggregates and the medium on day 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, and day- to-21. Catharanthine content analysis was conducted using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a VP-ODS column C-18. The optimal growth was different in control and that 150 mg/L treatment tryptophan of cell aggregates and tryptophan may improve the growth and lead to longer growing phase after treatment compared with controls. The growth and catharanthine content are the highest after the tryptophan treatment on cell aggregates occurred on day 14 with the content of 2261.68 ± 17.05 mg/g DW. Subculture and harvest time are the best cells on day 14 after culture, and on day 14 the highest catharanthine content and biomass were obtained. The results of this study are needed to determine the appropriate harvest time on the production of secondary metabolites of catharanthine by in vitro. For future research, the optimal growth and content of catharanthine on the 14th day of culture in the bioreactor in a large scale or industries should be observed.
Applying Ethnobiology in Sustainable Management and Utilization of Biological Resources in Indonesia
Authors: Purwanto Yohanes
Published: September 2021

Ethnobiology has become very comprehensive with the very broad and varied topic of discussion and analysis. The application of ethnobiological data has expanded considerably and ethnobiological research has been applied to practical areas such as bio-resources conservation and management, landscape management, and bioprospecting. This presentation explains the main areas of modern ethnobiological research which examines all aspects of the reciprocal relationship between human and biological resources and their ecosystem. Specifically, ethnobiology includes any studies relating to bio-resources, including how they are classified and named, how they are used and managed, and how their exploitation has influenced their evolution. The main area of modern ethnobiological investigation includes (1) Ethnobotany: study of local community knowledge systems and the overall relationship between communities and plant species diversity; ethnobotany study discussed the perceptions and conceptions of the management system of biodiversity and its natural ecosystem diversity; Ethnoecology: study of local knowledge of natural ecosystem and environmental impact of local bio-resources management; (2) Traditional Production Activities System: in this field, local knowledge of traditional production activities system includes agriculture, forestry, local technology and innovation of biological resources management and nature and environmental impact of bio-resources management; (3) Cognitive ethnobiology: a local perception of the natural world through the analysis of symbolism in ritual and myth, and their ecological consequences; organization of knowledge system through ethno-taxonomic study, etc.; (4) Material culture: a local knowledge and use of biodiversity and bio-resources products in art and technology; (5) Traditional bio-phytochemistry: a study of local knowledge and use of bio-resources for bio-chemicals, for example in pest control, poison, pungent, coloring and traditional medicine; and (6) Palaeoethnobiology/Palaeoethnobotany: a study of past interaction between human populations and bio-resources based on the interpretation of archeobiological remains. Currently, ethnobiological data plays an important role in the conservation and sustainable use of bio-recourses.
Analysis of Stomatal Number and Size in Six Species of Monocotiledon Plants
Authors: Sunarseh  , Daningsih Entin
Published: September 2021

The benefits of ornamental plants are not only for aesthetic values but also for cooling down its environmental temperature. This cooling effect is due to the transpiration rate. The transpiration rate is influenced by the stomatal number and size. This study aimed to measure the stomatal number and size of monocotyledon plants. The method used factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The main treatment factors were six monocotyledon plant species and three plant parts namely top, middle, and bottom plant parts, and a combination of the treatments was between the two with five replications. The data were analyzed using SAS with the model of factorial CRD and if the treatments were significant it was followed by LSD test. Plant species, plant parts, and the combination between the two significantly influenced on stomatal number and size. Cordyline fruticosa had the highest stomata number (340) significantly compared to others while Rhoeo discolor had the lowest one (30). However, Rhoeo discolor had the largest stomatal size (2285,7 μm) significantly compared to others while Cordyline fruticosa had the smallest (114,1 μm). Top plant parts had the highest stomatal number (172) significantly compared to the middle (141) and bottom parts (138). The stomatal number correlated inversely with stomatal size both in plant species and plant parts.
Molecular Sex Determination of Masked Lovebird (Agapornis personata) by Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
Authors: El Islami Shafira Inggrid , Purwaningrum Medania , Haryanto Aris
Published: September 2021

Sex determination in monomorphic birds such as masked lovebird (Agapornis personata) based on physical appearance is difficult to conduct. It becomes a problem in the breeding program. Some rapid methods for sex determination have been developed, one of which is molecular sexing based on the amplification of Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using specific primers. This method is a solution with rapid and accurate results. The aim of this study was to molecular sex determine of masked lovebird by PCR amplification. The feather samples were collected from ten masked lovebirds. DNA was isolated from the chalamus, part of the lovebird feather and it was used as a DNA template for PCR amplification. The PCR products then were electrophoresed in agarose gel and they were visualized by SYBRSafe staining on a UV transilluminator. It showed that a single DNA fragment in size of 400 bp generated for male masked lovebirds and double DNA fragments in size of 350 bp and 400 bp generated for female masked lovebirds.
Interactive Multimedia on Invertebrate Topic for Pre-service Biology Teacher
Authors: Nawawi  , Sari Mustika , Sulistiany Henny
Published: September 2021

This research was conducted at the Biology Education Study Program IKIP PGRI Pontianak. Indonesia. This study adopts Research and Development (R&D) methods to create interactive multimedia learning resources about invertebrates developed from the Hanafin and Peck models. Three experts and 66 students were involved in this study. The results show that interactive multimedia is valid and therefore suitable for use in invertebrate teaching. The data shows that the media is effective for maximizing cognitive learning outcomes by 77.27%. It can be concluded that this media has a positive impact on the learning process. It is projected that the media will also have an impact on student learning outcomes.
The Inventory of Ferns at Sambas Botanical Garden as A Learning Resource of Pteridophyta for High School Level
Authors: Muldayanti Nuri Dewi , Kurniawan Arif Didik , Setiadi Agus
Published: September 2021

Sambas Regency has regional potentials such as Sambas Botanical Garden with a diversity of ferns. However, the diversity of the ferns has not been used and explored as a learning resource as it has not been well documented. This study aimed to investigate the types of terrestrial ferns found in Sambas Botanical Garden and their potential as a source of learning in the Pteridophyta course. This study used a qualitative method with an exploratory approach. The data source in this study were ferns found in Sambas Botanical Garden and Sambas Botanical Garden master plan document. The data collection techniques used were observation, sampling, identification of plants, and interviews. The data collection tools were observation sheets, sampling equipment, plant identification guides, and interview sheets. The data analysis techniques were data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results showed there were 9 species included in 7 families. The Blechnaceae family included Blechnum orientale and Stenochlaena palustris species. The Pteridaceae family included the Pityrograma calomelanos species. The Thelypteridaceae family included the Thelypteris sp. and Thelypteris kunthii. The Gleicheniaceae family included the Dicranopteris linearis species. The Dryopteridaceae family included the Nephrolepis biserrata species. The Lycopodiales family included the Lycopodium clavatum species. The Dennstaedtiaceae family included the Lindsaea doryphora species. In other words, the results of the terrestrial ferns in Sambas Botanical Garden have fulfilled the requirements as the learning sources in the Pteridophyta sub material for the high school level. This can be proven by the clarity of the potential, the learning objectives, the objectives, the information revealed, the exploration guidelines, and the expected outcomes. Therefore, ferns diversity found in Sambas Botanical Garden is suitable to be used as the learning resources in the sub material of Pteridophyta.
Enzymatic Activity of Protease Producing Bacteria from Tofu Waste
Authors: Kurniatanty Isma , Widowati Esti Wahyu
Published: September 2021

Protease is an enzyme with high economic value and has been used in industries. Much natural waste can be considered as promising sources protease producing bacteria, such as tofu waste. The objective of the present study was to screen and isolate protease producing bacteria from tofu waste collected from Yogyakarta. Tofu waste samples were serially diluted and 0.1 ml of sample was spread on skim milk agar, at 37oC for 48 hours. Four bacterial colonies showed a clear zone around the colony, indicating protease activity. These isolates (encoded as TWB-1, TWB-2, TWB-3, and TWB-4) were subjected to several biochemical tests and gram staining. Protease activity was determined using the tyrosine standard curve with the casein-Hammarsten substrate. Protease activity of TWB-1, TWB-2, TWB-3, and TWB-4 were 2.85, 5.74, 5.14, and 3.00 respectively. Isolate TWB-2 showed the maximum protease activity with 5.74 U/ml.
The Cotton Fabric Coloring with Leucaena leucocephala Peel at Room Temperature
Authors: Priyanti  , Amelia Roscha , Khairiah Ardian , Hilal Muhamad , Putra Ade Maulana , Andryansyah Nur Arifin , Fransiska Ameylinda Dwi , Assyaidin Maulana Malik , Chairullisan Zikri , Fauziah Rachma
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to utilize water stew rind of Leucaena leucocephala peel as the natural coloring for cotton fabric at room temperature to reduce heat energy but produce optimum worshippers. The natural coloring processed with mordant lime (CaCO3), alum Al2(SO4)3, and ferro sulfate (FeSO4). The research found out that L. leucocephala peel can be used for the cotton fabric natural coloring with light brown to brown. A color produced depends on the type used in dyeing. A method of staining proved to be good because the results obtained the color field and permanent. When compared with tree mordants, color absorption with lime was better. The darker color for the same treatment could be seen. The analysis results of ironing dry generally ranged between good to excellent (scale 4-5). The benefit of L. leucocephala peel can be used as a natural coloring and defended its color by mordant addition.
Reading, Mind Mapping, Sharing (RMS) on The Material of Human Reproductive System: Its Effectivity to Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS)
Authors: Putri Banita Eka , Kurniawan Arif Didik , Sunandar Ari
Published: September 2021

In the 21st century, there are some competencies that all students must have such as critical and creative thinking, and innovation which is included in Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). However, the accomplishment of HOTS in Indonesia is still considered low, and reading, mind mapping, sharing (RMS) hasn’t been used in improving HOTS. In the RMS model, the students learn to make a mind map that helps them to think and become creative in one activity. Therefore, it is necessary to research about students’ HOTS with RMS learning model. This study aimed to see the effectivity of the RMS learning model on students’ HOTS in biology. The method used in this research was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent group design. The sampling technique used in SMAN 1 Ambawang of Kubu Raya Regency was a purposive sampling technique with class XI MIPA 3 as experimental class and class XI MIPA 4 as a control class. The study showed that the RMS learning model was effective (effect size = 0.6 or categorized in medium level) and could give an impact on students’ HOTS in learning the material of the human reproductive system. The result of average Gain value to test the impact of RMS towards students’ HOTS for class XI MIPA 3 was 45.51 and for class XI MIPA 4 was 38.10. The effectivity of RMS was tested with effect size test and the result showed is 0.6, characterized as medium level.
The Impact of PjBL to Students’ HOTS in Human Excretion System Material
Authors: Mubassyr Ilham , Rahayu Hanum Mukti , Muldayanti Nuri Dewi
Published: September 2021

This research is an experimental study of an Impact of PjBL on Students’ HOTS in Human Excretion System Material. This research was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Pontianak in the odd semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. Before conducted this research, the researcher first observed two months of advanced internship activities from October until November 2018. The study used class VIII D with 25 people for the experimental class and class VIII C with 27 people for the control class. Projects that students will make include the excretory system organ and its functions. The purpose of this study was to: (1) determine the effect of PjBL on students’ HOTS in the human excretion system material. (2) To find out the difference between PjBL and learning using cooperative learning type make a match to students’ HOTS in the Human Excretion System material. Independent sample t-test results obtained a significance value of 2- tailed at 0,000. Because of the significance value <0.05, it can be concluded that PjBL is very influential in students' HOTS. Project-based learning has a very high influence on students' HOTS with an effect size of 1.29 and is included in the very high category.
The effect of the Corona pandemic on the educational process from the point of view of public education students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Authors:   Postgraduate student, King Faisal University, Alqahtani ahood Moeed , Alharbi Abdullah Mohammed ,   Researcher, Ministry of education, KSA
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to explore the impact of Covid 19 pandemic on the educational process in public education schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through three main aspects: The first aspect: the availability of distance learning resources and facilities for public education students during this pandemic, the second aspect: the capabilities and of public education students to use distance learning resources during the Corona pandemic, the third aspect: the extent to which the practice of educational activities has been affected by distance learning during the Corona pandemic. The study used quantitative methodology and the descriptive survey approach in order to explore theses aspects. This approach depends entirely on distributing the questionnaires electronically to the participants. A questionnaire tool was used in order to collect the study data. The results of this study yielded several results: Regarding the availability of learning resources for students during this pandemic, it was found that they are generally available to all students. As for the capabilities and abilities of general education students to use learning resources, it is clear that most students were able to use these resources effectively. Finally, regarding the extent of how the educational activities affected during this pandemic, the results showed that they were not affected in general and that there was a positive impact on educational activities during distance learning, however, this positive impact not as expected.
Dal’s dictionary in Russian lessons and extracurricular activity
Authors: Bondarenko M. A.
Published: September 2021

The paper explores the potential for use of "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language" by V. I. Dal in Russian lessons and extracurricular activities, including preparation of research project tasks. To achieve the objectives of the study, a literature review of sources (research, educational and methodological, official), observation, search method, comparative analysis, empirical data analysis, and modelling were employed in the research. A system of tasks designed with the help of Dal’s works is presented; such exercises can be used not only in vocabulary learning, but also while studying the history of the language and its word formation, syntax, punctuation, orthography. Moreover, these tasks facilitate the formation of research skills in extracurricular activity. In addition, it is suggested that Dal’s Dictionary be utilised in science teaching. The paper presents a variety of teaching activities such as lexical commentary, data collection, language warm-up exercises, analysis, imitation, entertaining tasks. It is concluded that V. I. Dal’s Dictionary has enormous potential for the formation of modern learners’ important competences.
Linguistic organization of the duality of mythological worlds in B. Pasternak’s poem "Wind" ("Veter")
Authors: Yakushevich I. V.
Published: September 2021

This article presents a linguopoetic analysis of Boris Pasternak’s poem "Wind" ("Veter") from the position of the lingual embodiment of the duality of mythological worlds. This research focuses on the symbol of "the wind as a spirit", upon which the poem’s whole mystical idea relies. The purpose of this article is to reveal which the linguistic means used to translate the duality of mythological worlds, as well as how this cognition merges with the author’s experience and determines the poem’s figurative system and idea. The understanding of the duality of mythological worlds requires the law of participation (L. L vy-Bruhl) – the identification of the mental, emotional, and physical properties of a person and nature. In Pasternak’s poem, the suffering and rushing "I" of the deceased lyrical hero becomes the wind. In this study, the word-symbol "wind" is studied in the semantic and semiotic aspect as a sign. Its signifier is the lexeme wind meaning 'perceptual idea of an air flow'; signified – the symbolic meaning of 'spirit, soul, immortality', due to the etymological meaning of the word and pagan mythology. The results reveal that the symbol "wind" is the carrier of the duality of mythological worlds, and it programs the fictional world of the poem: on the one hand, these are the actual world of the lyrical heroine, the house, and the wind, which swings pine trees; on the other hand – the imaginary world of the spirit of the dead lyrical hero. The lexical resources of the poetic text translate this opposition in the ratio of the words I and wind, personal pronouns I and you, as well as the words ended and alive. At the grammatical level, the duality is expressed by the contrast of the verbal forms of the past and present time, as well as by the passage from the indirect thought (the lyrical hero’s mental monologue) to the 3rd person narrative about the wind and the pine trees and by the return of the poem to the lyrical hero’s indirect thought at the end. This is how Pasternak implements one of the main ideas of his novel "Doctor Zhivago" – the idea of immortality, which is confirmed in the article by referring to the novel’s macro context and biographical materials.
The etymology and spelling of the toponyms with the Gulyay- stem
Authors: Barandeev A. V.
Published: September 2021

The study focuses on the issue of the origin of toponyms with the Gulyay– stem. The research was performed analysing ancient Russian written manuscripts and various lexicographic sources. The paper highlights the specific nature of the realization of the semantic volume of the verbal lexeme gulyay–. The reasons for spreading of South Russian toponyms with the Gulyay– stem to other regions of the country are identified. The author formulates recommendations aimed at choosing a well-grounded spelling of this type of toponyms and common names associated with them.
"Life itself acquainted me with and made me become an intimate friend of language…" (to the V. I. Dal’s 220th anniversary of the birth)
Authors: Priemysheva M. N.
Published: September 2021

This paper devoted to V. I. Dal’s 220th birthday anniversary presents a short review of his creative, professional activity in the context of compiling "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language". Being exemplified by a brief scientific discussion which dates back to the end of the XIXth century, the role of this Dictionary in the history of the academic explanatory lexicography development is highlighted in greater detail. The aim of the study was to generalise the well-known facts about V. I. Dal and his Dictionary as well as to refer to lesser-known sources. V. I. Dal contributed significantly to each of the spheres in which he was creatively or professionally involved: he was a naval officer, a doctor, a writer, and a civil servant of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. All Dal’s professional and creative experience as well as his in-depth knowledge of folklife had an impact on the structure, form, and content of the Dictionary: they made it the yardstick and exemplar of Russian lexicography. This thesis is expounded in the course of studying I. Kh. Pachmann’s critical "Memorandum" (1899) concerning the commencement of the work on the "Shakhmatov’s revision" of the academic "Dictionary of the Russian Language". Additionally, this "Memorandum" provides certain evaluation of Dal’s edition from the perspective of its educational potential that could be exploited in school education. Despite the drawbacks revealed by his contemporaries, V. I. Dal’s dictionary inadvertently became the yardstick and exemplar in the discussion of the moot issues arising during the initiation of the new academic project. It is this dictionary that influenced the further development of explanatory academic lexicography.
Effect of Moringa supplementation in the management of moderate malnutrition in children under 5 receiving ready-to-use supplementary foods in Niger: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mahamane Laouali MANZO  , Mahaman Elhadji HALLAROU  , Maimouna DOUDOU HALIDOU  , Daouda ALHOUSSEINI MAIGA  , Paluku BAHWERE  , Salimata WADE  , Katia CASTETBON  , Michèle WILMET-DRAMAIX  , Philippe DONNEN
Published: September 2021

Each year in Niger, more than 40% of children under 5 years suffer from chronic malnutrition and more than 10% from acute malnutrition. The national nutrition rehabilitation protocol encourages the use of local foods. The objective of this work is to analyze the impact of supplementation in Moringa oleifera. We conducted a randomized double-blind clinical trial in 400 children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) aged 6 to 59 months admitted to outpatient nutritional recovery centers (CRENAM). The children were divided into two groups; one group received Ready-to-Use Supplemental Foods (RUSF) and dry leaf powder from Moringa oleifera and the other group received RUSF and placebo. We did not find any difference on average weight gain between the two groups or on mid-upper arm circumference and size. The median length of stay in CRENAM was 5 and 4 weeks for Moringa and placebo respectively, with no statistical difference (P=0.522). The cure rate was 82% (2.72) in the Moringa group with a RR of 1.03 (0.94 to 1.13) slightly in favor of Moringa. Renal and hepatic toxicity of Moringa was not observed. From this clinical trial, it could be held that Moringa supplementation, despite the presence of nutritional indices in favor of Moringa, does not have a significant effect on the nutritional recovery of MAM children but that Moringa has no renal or hepatic toxicity. Supplementation in subjects already on dietetic treatment, dose reduced to minimum and duration of supplementation seems to have played a role in this absence of effect of Moringa.