bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Job strain in German novice physical therapists / Psychische Beanspruchung am Arbeitsplatz von Berufsanfängern in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Stadelmaier Julia , Reichert Bernhard , Räbiger Jutta
Published: June 2021

Introduction

International research shows high levels of job demands and psychological resources for physical therapists, and job strain is considered to be moderate. So far, publications are based on therapists with varying length of service. Little is known about job strain during the first year in the profession.

Aim

To investigate the level of job strain of German novice physical therapists and to identify common workplace stressors.

Methods

We conducted a web-based survey among physical therapists who had been working for 12 month or less. Using a self-administrated questionnaire, job strain was measured by its effects on work commitment, general health, job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention. Subgroup analyses based on age, sex and rating of professional training were performed. Stressors at work were evaluated by priority and frequency of appearance.

Results

Data of 153 physical therapists was analysed. Low levels of job strain were reported. Novice physical therapists showed high levels of workplace commitment and general health, and low levels of turnover. Moderate ratings were recorded for job satisfaction and symptoms of burnout. Inadequate compensation for work, high caseload, time pressure and physical stress were the most common stressors mentioned. Therapists who rated their professional training as positive reported lower levels of job strain. No significant differences between women and men or between therapists of different age were found.

Conclusion

Although many workplace stressors are reported, novice physical therapists show low levels of job strain. Vocational training may be one important protective factor with regard to job strain.
The Sealed Grave and Burial Rituals in the Context of Revenants in Ukrainian Belief
Authors: Oprelianska Alina
Published: June 2021

The article* sets the goal of describing the Ukrainian ritual of the sealed grave and its relation to revenants, or the unquiet dead, based both on the author’s fieldwork and ethnographic collections of the turn of the 20th century. The meaning of the ritual and its variants are delineated through folk beliefs and institutionalised Orthodoxy and are defined as one of the main reasons for becoming revenants. Depending on a proper or failed funeral, the dead have different possibilities and time boundaries to visit the living. Together with biological reasons, the ritual of sealing a grave allows a seven-year period of return prior to the grave being finally sealed.
Of Barrenness and Witchcraft: The Songs of the Legi Women’s Association
Authors: Armstrong Imomotimi
Published: June 2021

Witchcraft and barrenness are two critical issues that African women have had to grapple with since precolonial times. Therefore, the focus of attention in this paper is the songs of the Legi voluntary association among the Ịjọ of Nigeria’s oil-rich Niger Delta region. The Legi women’s group is made up of adult women who are barren and/or have been tagged witches by their community. The women of the association compose songs about their experiences in society and sing them at burials. For the women of the Legi Association, art is a means of showing support for or solidarity with a member of the group whose father or mother has died. Moreover, the members of the association perform their songs at burials that are unconnected with them to celebrate with those who invite them.
Terephthalohydrazide and isophthalo- hydrazide as new corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid: Experimental and theoretical approaches
Authors: Al-Baghdadi Shaimaa B. , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. , Gaaz Tayser S. , Kadhum Abdul Amir H.
Published: June 2021

Most organic corrosion inhibitors have polar groups through which the molecule can be adsorbed strongly or specifically on the metal surface. In this investigation, terephthalo- hydrazide and isophthalohydrazide were synthesized as corrosion inhibitors, and their corrosion-inhibiting properties on mild steel were evaluated in a corrosive environment by weight loss measurements. The results of corrosion experiments revealed that terephthalohydrazide and isophthalohydrazide as inhibitors controlled or reduced corrosion through adsorption mechanism and showed inhibitive efficiencies of 96.4 % and 97.2 %, respectively, at the optimum concentration of 0.5 mM. The surface morphology of the metal was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The terephthalohydrazide or isophthalohydrazide molecules were adsorbed on the mild steel surface, and the process of adsorption follows chemical adsorption. Quantum chemical calculations of the tested corrosion inhibitors were consistent with the experimental observations.
Environmentally assisted cracking in the low pressure superheated hydrogen steam
Authors: Janoušek Jaromír
Published: June 2021

Low pressure superheated H2-steam appears to be an interesting alternative to pressurized water environments, since it is capable of performing accelerated environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) experiments for nickel base and stainless steel alloys. Constant Extension Rate Tensile (CERT) tests were performed with displacement rates of 2×10-6 or 2×10-8 ms-1 at 350, 400, 440 and 480 °C on flat tapered specimens of Type 316L austenitic stainless steel. The tapered shape allows the determination of crack initiation over a range of stresses and strains simultaneously on one specimen and therefore the threshold stress value was obtained. The environment was 6 times more oxidizing than the dissociation pressure of NiO. The acquired mechanical properties are summarized and threshold stresses for EAC crack initiation are evaluated.
Perceptions of coaching success: an exploratory analysis of Czech coaches views on success
Authors: Crossan William , Bednar Milos , Quinn Ronald
Published: June 2021

A philosophical framework for success in coaching is established, upon which the results of 571 coaches’ views of success in coaching is consequently evaluated. The coaches are Czech nationals from seven sports, who coach all age groups from U8 to adult professional teams, with length of experience ranging from 1 to 26 years (mean 7.1). Success definitions were coded and categorized before being analyzed across sport, age group coached, experience and licensing level. Hal-lowell’s success cycle is used as a standard of evaluation. Results were also assessed in terms of modern coaching philosophies. Overall, it was shown that the most common definition of success by coaches fell into the Sport Growth domain (31.7%), by which they primarily meant Player Development (20.6% of these coaches). The second most common domain for defining success was Performance (28.2%), primarily defined in terms of Winning (15.5%). Emotional Growth (21.1%) and Personal Growth (7.6%), though emphasized in modern coaching philosophies, were largely undervalued by Czech coaches. Enjoyment, a key element of success from Aristotle to Seligman, and essential to Hallowell’s success cycle was evident in only a small number (5.6%) of the success definitions of coaches.
Children as Victims of Domestic Violence – Deprivation of Parental Rights according to the Family Law Act of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Family Law Act of Kosovo
Authors: Selmani-Bakiu Arta , Elezi MA Julinda
Published: June 2021

Domestic violence is one of the most serious forms of violation of basic human freedoms and rights regardless of ethnicity, gender, religion, and status. A reflection on many international statistics shows that women are the most frequent victims of domestic violence. Based on the definition of the phenomenon of domestic violence, the forms of abuse, the manner how violence is treated, the possibility of children, men, extramarital spouses, brothers, sisters, and old people living in an extended domestic community, of also being victims is not excluded. Since domestic violence is not only a national problem but a worldwide problem, international organizations have worked towards the eradication of this phenomenon by sanctioning it in various international conventions. Also, the legal systems of many countries prohibit and sanction domestic violence by special laws obliging the state authorities to act in all situations when there are indications that there are direct or indirect violent acts in a family. In this paper, the authors present only the domestic violence against children as an evident problem in families, but which is often unreported. The legal frameworks of the Republic of North Macedonia and Republic of Kosovo are presented in this paper with the aim to describe the material-legal and procedural-legal treatment of domestic violence by pointing out the failure of the state authorities in implementing the laws on protection and prevention of this phenomenon. The authors take the approach of only treating the legal consequences of child abuse by parents that in both legislations is deprivation of parental rights for the violent parent. They conclude that the state authorities should intensify their work in taking control measures towards all the families where there are suspicions that the parental rights are neglected, and the child is abused. Because many cases of abuse have not been detected or reported, and in both countries a special study especially on domestic violence against children does not exist, the possibility that the number for this type of child abuse is great.
Context Based and Non-Context Based Interpretation of English Compounds in Legal Discourse-A Case Study with ESP Law Students
Authors: Hamzai Jeta
Published: June 2021

Due to new innovations and changes, every language needs new words simply because there is a need for new words to name new things. It is a common occurrence for a speaker to use some words in a way that has never been used before in order to communicate directly about certain facts or ideas. When new inventions and changes come into people’s lives, there is a need to name them and talk about them. If a new word is used by many speakers of the language, it will probably survive, and the same word will one day become an everyday word and enter the vocabulary of a language. This paper looks at compounding as one of the most productive word formation process in English. The term compounding refers to a process in which two or more lexemes are combined into one new word. When a word is formed by merging two or more words, each of which can be used separately, it is called a compound word. The term “word formation” has no universally accepted use. Word formation is sometimes defined as a process associated with changing the form of a word, for example, affixation, which is, in fact, the subject of morphology. In a broader sense, word formation covers the processes of creating new lexical items. In English, word formation is of great importance because this phenomenon affects the English dictionary, which in addition to borrowing from various other languages is enriched in this way. The aim of this paper was to investigate the context based vs. non-context interpretation of English compounds by EFL students in legal discourse. The findings from the test run-questionnaire showed that students of English as a foreign language found it more difficult to apply compound words in context rather than choosing an appropriate definition for them, with or without a given context. Furthermore, students scored lower when 50% of the compounds were given in context.
The Legal and Trade Effect of the SAA between the Republic of Kosovo and the European Union
Authors: Haliti Burim
Published: June 2021

The Stabilization and Association Agreement with the Republic of Kosovo is a new chapter in the new institutional and social functioning because it has direct impact on the citizens’ life in our country. The effects of the agreement are not only in trading but those are multiple effects, since they do touch the political stability, the rule of law, democratic governance, economic development, trade exchange, regional economic cooperation, etc. and therefore the relevance of this agreement should not be seen from a single viewpoint, but rather from a wider perspective and we should dedicate more attention to the direct legal and trading issues. This agreement in the short term will create perspective and hope, in the middle term, it will create political stability, whereas in the long term, it will bring economic development, and genuinely trading exchange.
Civil Procedure on Securing a Claim in the Republic of Kosovo
Authors: Rexhepi Bionda
Published: June 2021

The objective of the paper is to create a concept of what securing the claim is, based on the positive legislation of Kosovo’s law, comparing its regulation with laws of somewhat similar legislations of neighbouring regions, understanding its implementation in practice, to achieve conclusions and remarks based on law, facts, practice, and the comparative aspect. The Civil Procedure Law in the Republic of Kosovo is regulated with contested, non-contested or enforcement procedure. Securing the claim is an institute expressively regulated by the “Law on Contested Procedure of the Republic of Kosovo” on its XXI Chapter that defines its means and types.

Considering securing the claim measures are present in civil law to prevent any possible threat of protected rights until the final verdict is given, this paper tends to achieve a realization of how these measures practically succeed in actual cases, if they meet the criteria set in the law, or if securing the claim proposal is approved by the court, if they unintentionally restrain the respondent from using their rights. Moving forward, how one distinguishes claim security and interim measures from one-another although they describe the main concept, is strictly reviewed under this article, to finally achieve conclusions and remarks based on questions raised as above.
Desafios do enfermeiro do Centro Cirúrgico frente à pandemia da COVID-19 e transição de uma sala cirúrgica em unidade de terapia semi-intensiva
Authors: Santo Débora Machado Nascimento do Espírito , Galvan Carina , Matzenbacher Lisiane Paula Sordi , Paczek Rosaura Soares , Tanaka Ana Karina Silva da Rocha , D'Avila Denise Oliveira , Silva Flavia Giendruczak da , Moraes Katia Bottega , Lunardi Liege , Gil Liziane Medianeira Calegari Rigon
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever como foram implementados e adaptados os leitos de recuperação semi-intensiva, dentro de um Centro Cirúrgico, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Relato de experiência: Estudo descritivo, realizado em maio de 2021, que relata a experiência de enfermeiras atuantes em um Centro Cirúrgico de um hospital público universitário de grande porte, localizado no Sul do Brasil, sobre as adaptações que ocorreram durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Uma sala cirúrgica foi transformada em leitos de unidade de terapia semi-intensiva, auxiliando na recuperação de pacientes cirúrgicos. Diante da avassaladora pandemia, o hospital teve que enfrentar a ausência de recursos disponíveis, estruturando áreas e capacitando funcionários de forma súbita. Considerações finais: Com o agravamento da pandemia, os hospitais são obrigados a tomar medidas drásticas para atender o maior número de pessoas vítimas da COVID-19. Com os leitos de UTI lotados, muitos hospitais vislumbraram o Centro Cirúrgico como sendo um local onde este cuidado complexo pode ser realizado, utilizando a estrutura e os equipamentos desses locais.
Resistance profile of bacteria to antibiotics in an out hospital environment
Authors: Hicham Chemsi  , Farida Hilali  , Abdelilah Laraqui  , Tahar Bajjou  , Yassine Sekhsokh
Published: June 2021

For an increasing number of infections and causative agents, treatment becomes more difficult or impossible because of the loss of antibiotic efficacy. As a result, resistance is a real public health problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency of community bacterial infection as well as to establish a susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from antibiotics. It is a prospective study, descriptive type. It was conducted in a non-hospital setting over a six-month period. The inclusion criteria were all positive specimens: urinary examination, vaginal sampling, urethral sampling, pus, sputum, sperm. Exclusion criteria included patients with negative examinations and other microorganisms (viruses, fungal infections and parasites). The data collection was done using an information sheet. An antibiogram is performed for the study of resistance. Data mining was performed and analyzed statistically. Of 1565 samples that met the inclusion criteria, 1228 strains were Gram-negative bacilli (78.46%), 323 Gram-positive cocci (20.64%), 14 Gram-negative cocci (0.9%). The sex ratio was 2.2. The distribution of isolates showed a predominance of urinary examinations 1076 (68.8%), vaginal samples 195 (12.5%), urethral specimens 111 (7.1%), sputum 105 (6.7%), spermocultures 36 (2.3%), plus 28 (1.8%) and various 14 (0.8%). It was represented by Escherichia coli 986 (63.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 235 (15.1%), Staphylococcus sp 106 (6.8%), Enterococcus sp 64 (4.1%), Streptococcus sp 59 (3%). , 8%), Enterobacter sp 39 (2.5%), Pseudomonas sp 28 (1.7%), Proteus sp 25 (1.5%), Neisseria gonorrhoae 13 (0.8%), Citrobacter koseri 8 (0%) , 5%) and Acinetobacter sp 2 (0.1%). The susceptibility frequency of enterobacteria is represented by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 49.3%, ceftriaxone 97.1%, cefuroxime 89%, cefotaxime 100%, gentamicin 69.6%, ciprofloxacin 75.1% , sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim 41.1% and doxycycline 29.9%.
Empowering Pakistani Woman: Impact of Education, Technology and Training Skills Development
Authors: Sharif Noureen , Hassan Noreen , Angel Shelomith
Published: June 2021

Purpose: It is known fact that Currently Pakistani woman are facing several problems e.g., domestic violence, gender dominancy, gender discrimination and unequal distribution of power, rights and work, due the inadequacy of education.  In this contemporary era of gender inequality woman empowerment is an essential area of study to be focused on. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the impact of education, technology and Skills development adopted for empowerment of women. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was collected from private and government girls’ colleges of Hyderabad district Sindh.  A survey technique was used to collect data using convenience non random sampling technique. Smart PLS responses analyzed with the sample size of 1184. Findings: Results of Structural equation modeling through Smart PLS supported the structural model. It was found that appropriate educational facilities, technology facilitation and training and skills development positively related to Pakistani woman empowerment. Implications/Originality/Value: Education is the milestone in empowering woman and the main factor in woman’s prosperity and development. In this scenario, education is a turning point in playing vital role in empowering woman because it enables the woman to face the challenges of contemporary time and make a significant change in their traditional roles and in their lives. Academician, policy makers and leaders of organizations must note this fact.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Romero Urrea Holguer
Published: June 2021

EDITORIAL: Estado mental en la población en el tiempo del COVID-19
Cuantificación de cocaína por cromatografía de gases acoplado a masas en Chimborazo
Authors: Moncayo Molina Wilson Edwin , Muñoz Castelo Nelson Enrique , Vásconez Samaniego Carmen , Vásconez Jarrín Mayra , Daza Barcia Deillys
Published: June 2021

La investigación se realizó con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, para determinar la concentración de cocaína en muestras inorgánicas y soportes, provenientes de incautaciones de la Provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador. La muestra de estudio se conformó en 90 evidencias sometidas al desarrollo investigativo, que ingresaron al Laboratorio de Química Forense para su análisis, durante el período de julio a diciembre de 2016. La cuantificación de la cocaína se realizó a través del método de cromatografía de gases acoplado a un detector de masas, en función de las soluciones de trabajo o calibración, estándar, estándar interno y stock. Además de obtener la concentración real de la sustancia en estudio, se obtuvo la estructura del alcaloide y sus principales adulterantes, que permitirán llegar al origen o lugar de procesamiento. Como resultado investigativo del total de las muestras analizadas, y aplicando el proceso minucioso y adecuado, se determinó que el 58% de pureza pertenece al alcaloide en estudio, 65 con características para base de cocaína, que representa el 72,22%, y 25 relacionadas con clorhidrato de cocaína (27,78%), en diferentes soportes, lo que indica el mayor tráfico ilegal de esta sustancia psicotrópica bajo la forma de base de cocaína.
Conocimientos y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota
Authors: Collantes Delgado Donald , Guevara Guerrero Luis
Published: June 2021

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el conocimiento y la actitud hacia la donación de órganos en los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota, Perú, mediante un estudio correlacional, prospectivo y transversal. Para la recolección de información se utilizó un instrumento adaptado de Marón Campos (2013), y se aplicó a una muestra de 118 estudiantes de enfermería. Los resultados revelan que la mayoría de los estudiantes de enfermería son jóvenes y del sexo femenino, con un 63,6% procedentes de la zona rural y 60,2% de religión católica. El 66,1% de los estudiantes de enfermería reflejó un conocimiento medio acerca de la donación de órganos, el 71,2% una actitud de indiferencia y el 51,7% un nivel medio de conocimiento y al mismo tiempo una actitud de indiferencia. Se encontró que hay una relación significativa entre los conocimientos y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Chota.
Comparación estadística de métodos de extracción para determinar cadmio en almendras de cacao
Authors: Utreras Peñafiel Johanna Sofía , Tapia Calvopiña Iván Luis , Ramos Guerrero Luis
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación lleva como objetivo establecer un método de extracción adecuado para la determinación de cadmio en almendras de cacao aplicando el análisis estadístico a los resultados obtenidos por tres diferentes técnicas, fundamentadas en investigaciones realizadas anteriormente. Las técnicas de extracción están basadas en la digestión ácida de la muestra, utilizando tres soluciones digestoras distintas (HNO3 concentrado, HNO3-HCLO4, HNO3-HCL) para posteriormente determinar la cantidad de cadmio mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en llama. El análisis de varianza aplicado demostró estadísticamente que existe diferencia significativa entre las técnicas aplicadas, concluyendo que la técnica III es la propicia para extraer cadmio en almendras de cacao. En última instancia para establecer la aplicación del método en el laboratorio se consideraron los siguientes parámetros estadísticos: precisión (repetibilidad y reproducibilidad), linealidad, límite de cuantificación, límite de confianza, rango de trabajo; los cuales permitieron comprobar que los resultados conseguidos por el método son fiables y adecuados para el propósito. La técnica seleccionada, deberá ser validada utilizando el material de referencia que el INEN ha certificado y el cual fue utilizado en los ensayos de aptitud realizados en el 2019.
NATIONAL RESILIENCE STRENGTHEN THROUGH THE RESERVE COMPONENT TO RESIST NON-MILITARY THREATS
Authors: Zacharia RD Agape , Ahmadani Faisal , Danianto Patria
Published: June 2021

National Resilience is a nation dynamic condition, and a nation struggle to achieve national goal will be disturbed. National identity, national integration and national life sustainability have stronger than threat, challenge, disturbance and obstacle. This research uses qualitative research method to analyze potential threat, challenge, disturbing and obstacle for Indonesia, which come both from internal and external sources and national resources to face them. , potential threat will be dominated by nonmilitary threat. The Indonesia Armed Forces ( Nasional Indonesia), as the main component in Indonesia should face the potential threat. But TNI has its limitations, supporting power is necessary, and one of the potential powers is national resources which or converted to reserve component. The role of reserve component in future will contribute to Indonesia national resilience strengthen efforts.
ANALYSIS OF HEMATOLOGICAL VARIABLES AMONG COMPETITORS IN VARIOUS GAMES
Authors: Rahaman Aminur
Published: June 2021

Hematological factors may be useful in determining the best physical performance of various game participants. It also indicates the athletes’ health and physical condition. This study deals with the analysis of hematological variables-red blood cells, white blood cells (, eosinophil, lymphocytes, ), and platelet among university men basketball, volleyball, and cricket players. Fourteen (14) active players (basketball-5, volleyball-5, and cricket-4) were taken as samples and age range years. All players were actively competing at Inter-University levels in their respected they voluntarily participated in this study. Blood samples were collected in the morning session with fasting. Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet counts were criterion measures in this study. The obtained data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the help of SPSS software and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. As per the statistical analysis, insignificant differences were found among the three different game players. In summary, the study found that the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelet counts are similar in the three groups.
ENGLISH-INTRODUCTION TO THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ISLAM (A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORIENTALIST APPROACH AND WESTERN SUPREMACY)
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department Of Comparative Religion And Islamic Culture University Of Sindh, Jamshoro, Lakhani Moosa , Kandharo Mukhtiar Ahmed ,   Associate professor, Department Of Comparative Religion and Islamic Culture at university of Sindh, Jamshoro.
Published: June 2021

Orientalism is an idea originated in the west to define east and its forms of arts. It gained its strength from the Industrial west, which provided for necessary tangible and intangible investment necessary in furtherance of the idea from defining Europeans for not only east but also all non-Europeans. The paper elaborates the nature of the first edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI1) in the light of orientalism and explains how the west used it to create western supremacy. The paper also considers different aspects of the EI1 to establish why and how it was an essential book for the western scholarship tilted towards Islam and how and why it was painted with objective and biased approach.
Investigation into the efficiencies of European football clubs with bi-objective multi-criteria data envelopment analysis
Authors:   Vocational School of Social Sciences, University of Aksaray, Turkey, Arsu Talip
Published: June 2021

A financially successful football club can achieve sporting achievements as well as become financially stable. From this point of view, in this study, the efficiencies of clubs were investigated with the Bi-Objective Multi-Criteria Data Envelopment Analysis (BiO-MCDEA) model by using financial and sporting data of the 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 seasons of 10 football clubs in the Big-Five League which is the locomotive of the football industry. In the study, the number of social media followers, the average number of viewers and total market value were used as input, and the UEFA club score and total revenues were used as output. As a result, Arsenal, Paris Saint-Germain, and Juventus were determined as efficient in the 2015-2016 season, Paris Saint-Germain and Liverpool in the 2016-2017 season, Manchester United, Paris Saint-Germain and Chelsea in the 2016-2017 season. The reasons as to why Paris Saint-Germain was efficient in all three seasons were also examined. In addition, in the sensitivity analysis conducted to determine the effect of inputs and outputs on the model, it was concluded that efficiency was highly related to financial data.
Gene therapy can target mutations such as BRAF, which have been shown to make tumors more susceptible to autophagy suppression
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Autophagy is a double-edged sword in cancer, and numerous aspects should be taken into account before deciding on the most effective strategy to target the process. The fact that several clinical studies are now ongoing does not mean that the patient group that may benefit from autophagy-targeting medicines has been identified. Autophagy inhibitors that are more potent and specialized, as well as autophagy indicators, are also desperately required. The fact that these inhibitors only work against tumors that rely on autophagy for survival (RAS mutants) makes it difficult to distinguish them from tumors that continue to develop even when autophagy is absent. Furthermore, mutations such as BRAF have been shown to make tumors more susceptible to autophagy suppression, suggesting that targeting such tumours may be a viable strategy for overcoming their chemotherapy resistance. In the meantime, we are unable to identify if autophagy regulation works in vivo or whether it selectively targets a disease while inflicting injury to other healthy organs and tissues. A cell-type-specific impact appears to be observed with such therapy. As a result, it is just as important to consider the differences between tumors that originate in different organs as it is to consider the signaling pathways that are similar across them. For a therapy or cure to be effective, the proposed intervention must be tailored to the specific needs of each patient.Over the last several years, a growing amount of data has implicated autophagy in a variety of disorders, including cancer. In normal cells, this catabolic process is also required for cell survival and homeostasis. Despite the fact that medications targeting intermediates in the autophagy signaling pathway are being created and evaluated at both the preclinical and clinical levels, given the complicated function of autophagy in cancer, we still have a long way to go in terms of establishing an effective therapeutic approach. This article discusses current tactics for exploiting cancer cells' autophagy dependency, as well as obstacles in the area. We believe that the unanswered concerns raised in this work will stimulate researchers to investigate previously unknown connections between autophagy and other signaling pathways, which might lead to the development of novel, highly specialized autophagy therapies.
Understanding why the same gene delivery vector behaves differently in different cell types is essential for developing more adaptable transfection systems
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Since their origin, non-viral gene delivery reagents have evolved into a variety of effective delivery reagents with a variety of components and designs, and are widely used in gene therapy and gene engineering. A flood of successful commercial gene delivery reagents has also developed, and PEI has emerged as the "gold standard" for the industry. On the other hand, their transfection efficiency must be enhanced and their cell toxicity must be reduced. In recent years, toxicity, efficiency and targeted investigations have progressed. In addition to creating and manufacturing reagents with reduced toxicity and higher efficiency, polypeptides that stimulate cell membrane perforation and tiny molecular compounds that can better compress pDNA, as well as various combinations with liposomes or polymer vectors, have demonstrated improved outcomes. However, most of these freshly created delivery vector reagents are still under investigation, and others require additional refinement to achieve high transfection efficiency and minimum toxicity. The processes behind the effects of various gene delivery reagents, genes, and drugs entering cells, as well as their transit, escape, and cell metabolism, are also unclear. This requires improving relevant research. Understanding why the same reagent reacts differently to different cell types is crucial to creating more adaptive transfection reagents for different cell lines. This is suggested because different cells have different growth cycles. Because of their weak proliferation capacity, primordial cells, for example, are harder to replicate.Artificial intelligence, real-world and virtual-world integration technology, big data, multiomics technology, and signal pathway research have all achieved substantial breakthroughs in recent years, and novel transfection reagents and drug delivery technologies are predicted to continue. It is worth examining how to take advantage of the scientific and high-efficiency benefits that new technology provides for research and how to solve the issues given by the in-depth examination of the selection and mechanism of action of novel composite materials in vector reagent creation.
Chromosome X, the most explored genome-editing chromosome, presents possibilities for hemophilia A treatments
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

MNs, ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas systems are promising genome editing tools for treating gene mutation or chromosome rearrangement problems. Chromosome X, the most researched chromosome by genome editing techniques, shows the latter and inspired hopes for hemophilia A therapy. Researchers are also interested in utilizing these approaches to reduce frequent translocations in hematological malignancies. They have also proved highly useful in animal modeling. Lastly, these devices are the topic of several current clinical trials, most of which are in the early stages. CCR5 disruption was ZFN's first clinical use to inhibit HIV from entering cells. This approach allegedly healed one HIV-positive patient. Many clinical trials currently use the same strategy. Moreover, several preclinical investigations employing ZFN-mediated gene editing are being conducted to cure a number of human monogenic diseases. Twelve and 102 Furthermore, in recent years, TALEN technology has improved in terms of robustness, specificity, and fidelity, 15 and new variations of this tool, such as TALE recombinases and single-chain TALE-meganuclease fusions, have emerged.TALENs are also used in clinical research, especially in leukocyte neoplasms, such as the production of CART cells and in two trials to treat HPV-related malignant neoplasms. Unfortunately, owing to a BPDCN patient's death, the TALEN-based clinical investigations for UCART123 were terminated. The CRISPR/Cas system and its various versions have attracted more interest in the realm of epigenome/genome editing because of its simplicity and versatility. In clinical research, CRISPR/Cas9 is mostly employed to treat solid tumors. Nuclease transport, off-target effects, and nuclease efficiency still have problems. Despite the FDA's suspension of two clinical trials, genome editing tool-based products are expected to have a bright future due to the increasing number of trials using CRISPR/Cas9 and other editing technologies. Furthermore, contrary to cell-based therapies and tissue-engineered goods, the expanding number of gene therapy-based products implies that genome editing technologies have a bright future in addressing a wide variety of medical conditions. In particular, products with an in vivo delivery method highlight the tremendous potential these approaches have for direct correction of genetic abnormalities in numerous organs. Examples are Zolgensma, Imlygic, Luxturna, Gendicine, Oncorine and Neovasculgen. However, they are reliant on introducing a correct copy of the defective gene into cells. Recently, in the United States, the first in vivo human CRISPR trial was initiated to remove the IVS26 point mutation in the CEP290 gene to treat LCA10. The outcomes of this experiment, as well as others employing genome editing methods, will definitely have a substantial influence on the future application of these techniques to treat human diseases.
Clinical investigations show that siRNA may be used to treat a variety of disorders, including cancer
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

The invention/demonstration of RNA interference (RNAi) as a therapeutic agent has opened the doors to development/research. Clinical trials on siRNA usage demonstrate that it may be utilized as a safe, effective and well-tolerated drug to treat a range of illnesses, particularly cancer. The siRNA drug delivery technology is useful in that it is easy to build and alter to reach the target site. Despite great advances in creating effective in vivo siRNA administration, there are still several difficulties and hurdles to face in order to reach the optimum formulation in terms of selectivity, efficiency and security of delivery. Chemical modifications, liposome-mediated transport, polymeric nanoparticles, and conjugated nanoparticles can bypass this. These changes have minimized off-target effects at various places and positions, resulting in better siRNA duplex nuclease and heat stability. Nanoparticles linked to the targeted ligand improve the probability of tumor-specific receptor binding. Controlling siRNA specificity, intercellular trafficking and site-specific delivery are all issues in the siRNA delivery method. The next study should focus on the in vivo safety profiles of different delivery systems, as well as creating possible targeting techniques for siRNA distribution that would limit toxicity, off-target effects, and other concerns. It is also vital to optimize biodegradable and biocompatible delivery mechanisms for the practical usefulness of RNA-based cancer therapies.
Research on cell sources for brain cell replacement methods has gained major importance. Cell and gene therapy are potentially intriguing new domains of regenerative medicine
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Great advances in neurodegenerative disease, cell and gene therapy have been made in recent decades. Following the recent advancement of stem cell-based neuronal therapies, including managing their differentiation potential, research on cell sources for brain cell replacement methods has gained major importance. The objective is to obtain a certain neuronal cell fate to repair and restore the injured cell function. Several cell-based therapeutic techniques that show promise in animal HD models have failed to attain a similar degree of success in human patients. Despite its poor prospects, fetal transplantation has opened the door to a potentially intriguing new domain of regenerative medicine. However, many obstacles need to be overcome before pre-differentiated stem cells can be used in clinical trials, and, in particular, ensuring that the source of stem cells has optimal differentiation potential with full integration and functional enhancement, has measurable clinical benefits with minimal impact on the host immune system, and is tumor-free. New cell, molecular, and pharmacological approaches may assist enhance neuronal survival of transplanted cells, and consequently therapy for many fatal brain diseases. Molecular approaches, on the other hand, have looked into the idea of entirely eliminating HTT utilizing RNAi in the hopes of preventing the mutant protein that produced it in the first place. In contrast, HTT's physiological significance requires the application of procedures that specifically interfere with MHTHTT. The CRISPR/Cas9 approach gives researchers the ability to inactivate the mHTT allele by deleting or editing particular regions, leading to increased knowledge of how to prevent mutation-induced toxicity. Overall, despite their appealing ability to reverse mHTT-induced toxicity, these therapies may face difficulties due to the need to modify their design for individuals in order to ensure therapeutic safety.As clinical investigations are planned, genome editing already shows promise as a potent treatment to overcome clinical HD features. While there is no certainty that HD symptomatology can be fully eased, researchers must continue to hunt for ways to diminish it because it has such profound and life-threatening effects on patients and their families. These new treatments are supposed to bring a brighter future for HD sufferers.
UAS PI
Authors: Sitanayah Jean Michael
Published: June 2021

THE ROLE OF MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (UMKM) IN POVERTY AND UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION POLICIES
From serendipity to 3D and national-level databases
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang
Published: June 2021

This is how I stumbled upon the opportunity of initiating the second national database during a two-hour lunch with Prof. Ngo Bao Chau in 2017.
PENGARUH MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS X SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) NEGERI 1 MASOHI
Authors: Sohilait Emy
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa pada materi eksponen dan logaritma. Berdasarkan kondisi yang telah dikemukakan, maka diperlukan suatu pembelajaran yang dapat mengoptimalkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Salah satu pembelajaran yang diperkirakan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa adalah model discovery learning. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh model n discovery learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Masohi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu model discovery learning dan variabel terikat yaitu kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kelas X_1 sebagai kelas eksperimen berjumlah 18 orang dan siswa kelas X_2 berjumlah 18 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa bejumlah 6 soal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa: terdapat pengaruh pengaruh model discovery learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Masohi. Hasil uji-t menunjukan bahwa t hitung = 2,27 > t tabel = 2,03 Dari hasil perhitungan didapat t hitung = 2,27 ternyata tidak masuk dalam daerah penerimaan Ho yaitu antara - 2,03 sampai dengan + 2,03; maka Ho ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh dari penggunaan model discovery learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas X_1 SMK Negeri 1 Masohi.
Interactive Exploration of the Readability of Science Authors
Authors: Jarvis Russell J , McGurrin Patrick M. , Featherston Rebecca , Madsen Marc Skov , Bansal Shivam , Lusk Bradley
Published: June 2021

Here we present a new text analysis tool that consists of a text analysis service and an author search service. These services were created by using or extending many existing Free and Open Source tools, including streamlit, requests, WordCloud, TextStat, and The Natural Language Tool Kit. The tool has the capability to retrieve journal hosting links and journal article content from APIs and journal hosting websites. Together, these services allow the user to review the complexity of a scientist’s published work relative to other online-based text repositories. Rather than providing feedback as to the complexity of a single text as previous tools have done, the tool presented here shows the relative complexity across many texts from the same author, while also comparing the readability of the author’s body of work to a variety of other scientific and lay text types. The goal of this work is to apply a more data-driven approach that provides established academic authors with statistical insights into their body of published peer reviewed work. By monitoring these readability metrics, scientists may be able to cater their writing to reach broader audiences, contributing to an improved global communication and understanding of complex topics.
Gene therapy vectors should enable CRISPR systems to accumulate at disease sites and successfully penetrate nuclei
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

CRISPR systems should accumulate at disease sites and successfully penetrate nuclei. New characteristics are being studied to mediate cell selectivity, such as biophysical and topographic signals. Nanocarriers' long-term safety must be examined, as nanomaterial accumulation in the liver is detected with delayed removal. More basic scientific inquiry on nanotechnology-related toxicity and long-term animal monitoring is needed. Because urine excretion may eliminate degraded particles smaller than 5 nm, creating biodegradable nanocarriers can reduce long-term toxicity. Research on biomarker-regulated nanocarriers is limited, publishing only protease or ATP-responsive research. Using a stiff chain as a connection between target groups and nano-c carriers and polymers of suitable length, including targetable groups and negative charges to limit protein absorption, may assist. There are still gaps between research and clinical translation, we argue. We conclude that the utilization of direct usage of materials created by live beings is also an interesting way to imitate intrinsic cell identification and translocation capabilities. We believe that the development of CRISPR delivery nano carriers will be a novel tool for treating human illnesses with enormous translational potential.The Activatable probe design, which shifts to active conditions in the presence of biomarkers, can be utilized as a model. The circulatory half-life of most reported CRISPR nanocarriers is unknown, and a critical pharmacokinetic parameter remains unknown.Figuring out how to create large-scale nanocarriers while adhering to suitable manufacturing methods is vital and tough. The effects of scale-up on nanoparticles should be further investigated.
Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises and Digital Platforms Since Covid 19
Authors: Lukito Grace Ignacia
Published: June 2021

Since pandemic Covid-19 reign the world, A new business platform is a must for companies that are disrupting new media technology. But there are many companies are less able to keep up with the changing of business trends. Companies must anticipate in the competitive climate in the digital era in carrying out the company transformation program along with the implementation of good corporate governance. This article focuses to analysis on effort to raise Medium, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to improving Indonesia economy. Base on fact, show that credit training, mentoring and programs not able to strengthen their position in small and medium enterprises but they still working to increase the literacy index and financial inclusion.