bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the performances of VPEG macromonomer grafted different functional groups to prepare polycarboxylate superplasticizers
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Liu Zhiyong , Lv Xiaohui , Lv Ruixiang , Sui Zhifeng
Published: February 2024

The advent of novel polyether macromonomer has garnered significant attention within the industrial domain. In this study, a range of polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) was produced via free radical polymerization, employing a new polyether monomer, 4‐hydroxybutyl vinyl polyethylene glycol ether (VPEG). This monomer served as the predominant component and was grafted with various functional monomers on its main chain. The molecular configuration of the resultant PCEs was discerned through Fourier infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, while the surface tension underwent assessment via a surface tension meter. Both the initial and subsequent fluidity of cement paste and mortar were leveraged to ascertain the dispersion and retention efficacy of the synthetic PCEs. The ramifications of diverse functional group grafts of the new polyether monomer on the cement hydration procedure and strength attributes were elucidated via setting time, hydration heat assays of cement paste, SEM analysis, and compressive strength evaluations of mortar. Observations reveal that the carboxylic acid group significantly reduces surface tension, whereas the sulfonic acid group's effect remains minimal. The incorporation of both the amide and sulfonic acid groups marginally impacts the preliminary dispersion efficacy of PCEs but notably affects dispersion retention. Furthermore, these functional groups facilitate cement hydration, expedite the primary setting time of the cement paste, and bolster the initial compressive strength of the mortar. Specifically, the grafted of sodium methacrylsulfonate (SMAS) yields the most noticeable results. Finally, the working mechanism of PCEs with varying molecular structures has been explained in light both theoretical and experimental results. This research offers valuable insights for subsequent investigations into the fabrication of polycarboxylate superplasticizers using the VPEG macromonomer.
Enhanced adhesion of novel biomass‐based biomimetic adhesives using polyaspartamide derivative with lignin
Authors: Li Yan , Ren Bo , Ding Shuang , Yan Yalan , Wang Jia , Gao Ying , Cao Yue , An Hongze , Zeng Xu , Wang Bo , Yang Xiaodong
Published: February 2024

With the decreasing of petrochemical resources and the increasing severity environmental pollution, the development of environmentally friendly adhesive technology using renewable resources has attracted more and more attention. Inspired by mussels, a novel biomimetic adhesive synthesized using polyaspartamide derivative (PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA)) and alkali lignin (AL). The physical/chemical structure and properties were examined by 1H‐NMR, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, water absorption, in vitro cytotoxicity, lap shear tensile, and three‐point bending tests. The adhesive capacity was improved significantly when AL added into PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA). The lap shear tensile for four different substrates (metal and plastic) both increased greatly. The underwater adhesion test possessed good underwater adhesion properties. The results confirmed that hydrogen bonds and chain entanglement were formed between PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) and AL. It was the introduction of catechol groups and physical–chemical interactions between PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) and AL improved the adhesion strength and water resistance of the adhesive. Moreover, the corn stover non‐wood boards were prepared by one‐step hot pressing using PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) with AL adhesives. The three‐point bending of corn stover non‐wood boards increased from 5.00 ± 0.03 to 14.85 ± 20.1 MPa. Overall, this work shows that a nontoxic, environmentally friendly PolyAspAm(DOPA/OA) with AL adhesive has extensive application prospects.
Promising growth inhibitory potential of extracted natural silk sericin biopolymer against DEN‐induced liver tumor in male mice
Authors: Bakr Basant A. , Sadek Ismail A. , El‐Samad Lamia M. , El Wakil Abeer
Published: February 2024

Silk sericin (SS), a protein biopolymer, is gaining an increasing attention in a variety of biomedical applications. Our objective was to identify the optimal extraction method yielding the highest silk protein content, to assess its chemical elemental composition, to characterize it, and to compare its conformation by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared versus that of the commercial one. Herein, alkali and high temperature is the perfect approach. This study aimed further to test whether extracted SS could attenuate the adverse hepatotoxic effects induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in mice. Animals were injected intraperitoneally once weekly for four consecutive weeks with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), DEN (25 mg/kg), SS (1 g/kg) 90 min prior to DEN injection, melatonin (10 mg/kg) followed within 1 h with the administration of SS and 30 min later with DEN. The results confirmed the hepatotoxicity of DEN manifested by an increase in liver enzymes' activity, and pathological changes in the liver tissue. The combined use of SS and/or melatonin with DEN returned most of the parameters to values similar to the controls. Briefly, chemically characterized SS seems a valuable extract for further consideration as anti‐carcinogenic agent. It has the potential to upgrade liver cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
Controlling photopolymerization reaction in layer‐by‐layer photopolymerization in 3D printing
Authors: Allonas Xavier , Hammouda Ben , Métral Boris , Goldbach Emile , Schuller Anne‐Sophie , Ley Christian , Croutxé‐Barghorn C.Céline
Published: February 2024

Today, controlling the photopolymerization process during the 3D printing in vat photopolymerization is a key challenge. In this work, it is shown that using a relatively limited set of parameter, it is possible to estimate key factors involved in such process. On the basis of 16 formulations containing different concentrations of photoinitiator and UV filter, attempt was made to rationalize the photonic parameters used in the 3D printing process, that is, the depth of penetration Dp and the critical energy Ec. It is shown that the experimental Dp values can be correlated with calculated ones from Bouguer–Beer–Lambert law. Real‐time Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (RT‐FTIR) experiments were performed under similar conditions as in 3D printing. The conversion profiles were used to estimate the Ec values. The limits of this approach was discussed as a function of the UV filter concentration. Finally, the RT‐FTIR curves are exploited to predict the in‐depth conversion of the different 3D printed layers and compared to experimental results obtained by confocal Raman microscopy.
Association of blood cell‐based inflammatory markers with gut microbiota and cancer incidence in the Rotterdam study
Authors: Najjary Shiva , Kros Johan M. , Stricker Bruno H. , Ruiter Rikje , Shuai Yu , Kraaij Robert , Van Steen Kristel , van der Spek Peter , Van Eijck Casper H. J. , Ikram M. Arfan , Ahmad Shahzad
Published: February 2024

The immune response–gut microbiota interaction is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer. Identifying the link between the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory markers and their association with cancer will be important for our understanding of cancer etiology. The current study was performed on 8090 participants from the population‐based Rotterdam study. We found a significant association (false discovery rate [FDR] ≤0.05) between lymphocytes and three gut microbial taxa, namely the family Streptococcaceae, genus Streptococcus, and order Lactobacillales. In addition, we identified 95 gut microbial taxa that were associated with inflammatory markers (p < 0.05). Analyzing the cancer data, we observed a significant association between higher systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) levels at baseline (hazard ratio (HR): 1.65 [95% confidence interval (CI); 1.10–2.46, p ≤ 0.05]) and a higher count of lymphocytes (HR: 1.38 [95% CI: 1.15–1.65, p ≤ 0.05]) and granulocytes (HR: 1.69 [95% CI: 1.40–2.03, p ≤ 0.05]) with increased risk of lung cancer after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and study cohort. This association was lost for SII and lymphocytes after additional adjustment for smoking (SII = HR:1.46 [95% CI: 0.96–2.22, p = 0.07] and lymphocytes = HR: 1.19 [95% CI: 0.97–1.46, p = 0.08]). In the stratified analysis, higher count of lymphocyte and granulocytes at baseline were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in smokers after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and study cohort (HR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.09–1.62, p ≤0.05] and HR: 1.57 [95% CI: 1.28–1.92, p ≤0.05], respectively). Our study revealed a positive association between gut microbiota, higher SII levels, and higher lymphocyte and granulocyte counts, with an increased risk of developing lung cancer.
Spiropyran‐Based Photoisomerizable α‐Amino Acid for Membrane‐Active Peptide Modification
Authors: Hrebonkin Andrii , Afonin Sergii , Nikitjuka Anna , Borysov Oleksandr V. , Leitis Gundars , Babii Oleg , Koniev Serhii , Lorig Theo , Grage Stephan L. , Nick Peter , Ulrich Anne S. , Jirgensons Aigars , Komarov Igor V.
Published: February 2024

Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene‐ and diarylethene‐containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran‐derived amino acid, (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐(6'‐methoxy‐1',3',3'‐trimethylspiro‐[2H‐1‐benzopyran‐2,2'‐indolin‐6‐yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane‐active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran‐containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY‐2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin–auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
In‐hospital outcomes in unhoused patients with cardiogenic shock in the United States: Insights from The National Inpatient Sample 2011−2019
Authors: Ergui Ian , Salama Joshua , Hooda Urvashi , Ebner Bertrand , Dangl Michael , Vincent Louis , Sancassani Rhea , Colombo Rosario
Published: February 2024

Background

Unhoused patients face significant barriers to receiving health care in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. For unhoused patients with heart failure who are in extremis, there is a lack of data regarding in‐hospital outcomes and resource utilization in the setting of cardiogenic shock (CS).

Hypothesis

Unhoused patients hospitalized with CS have increased mortality and decreased use of invasive therapies as compared to housed patients.

Methods

The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried from 2011 to 2019 for relevant ICD‐9 and ICD‐10 codes to identify unhoused patients with an admission diagnosis of CS. Baseline characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes between patients were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to adjust outcomes for prespecified and significantly different baseline characteristics (p < .05).

Results

We identified a weighted sample of 1 202 583 adult CS hospitalizations, of whom 4510 were unhoused (0.38%). There was no significant difference in the comorbidity adjusted odds of mortality between groups. Unhoused patients had lower odds of receiving mechanical circulatory support, left heart catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or pulmonary artery catheterization. Unhoused patients had higher adjusted odds of infectious complications, undergoing intubation, or requiring restraints.

Conclusions

These data suggest that, despite having fewer traditional comorbidities, unhoused patients have similar mortality and less access to more aggressive care than housed patients. Unhoused patients may experience under‐diuresis, or more conservative care strategies, as evidenced by the higher intubation rate in this population. Further studies are needed to elucidate long‐term outcomes and investigate systemic methods to ameliorate barriers to care in unhoused populations.
Graphene–Encapsulated Si@C with Dual Carbon Layer Structure as High‐Performance Anode Materials for Lithium–Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhu Shuaibo , Sun Qian , Ma Cheng , Yu Zijian , Zhang Yinxu , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng
Published: February 2024

Silicon–based materials are among the highly promising anode candidates for Li–ion batteries owing to their excellent theoretical energy density. However, the huge volume variation makes the application of silicon anode in lithium–ion batteries be full of challenge. Herein, high–performance Si@C@rGO composites anode for lithium–ion batteries are successfully prepared by graphene oxide (GO) uniformly encapsulating resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF) coated silicon nanoparticles. The RF‐derived carbon layer can prevent the silicon from direct contact with the electrolyte. Furthermore, the continuous conductive graphene network not only improves the overall electrical conductivity of the composite material, but also can be reversibly deformed with the volume change of silicon during the charging and discharging process, thus greatly improving the structural stability of the anode. The optimal Si@C@rGO‐2 composite provides a high specific capacity of 743.9 mAh g−−1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, the material also exhibits good rate performance, showing a good reversible capacity of 719.5 mAh g−1 even at a high current density of 2 A g−1. In addition, this simple and low‐cost strategy of Si@C@rGO anode can provide a design reference for the further development of anode materials in lithium–ion batteries.
BLOCKBOX: Blockchain based black box designing and modeling
Authors: Korkuc Cagatay , Aytas Korkmaz Nilay , Genc Yasin , Akkoc Ahmet , Afacan Erkan , Yazgan Erdem
Published: February 2024

With the development of technology, data has become more accessible. The storage of critical and valuable information is getting harder and harder with the increase of cyber attacks and vulnerabilities of network and internet. The centralized storage of data causes security and privacy problems. As a remedy to these problems, blockchain has occurred. The reliability, transparency, integrity and confidentiality of the data have been increased with the blockchain technology. Blockchain maintains the immutability of the data with cryptographic hash algorithms. The data is kept in distributed structures with the consensus algorithms so that it is not lost. Projects and studies using blockchain technology have shown that data stored in centralized structures is not as reliable as data that is distributed and secured by cryptographic algorithms, smart contracts, and consensus. The data of flights, which is a critical data, has a great place in world transportation. The parameters inside the black boxes guide us on why the aircrafts have crashed: whether the responsibility belongs to the manufacturer, to the pilot, or to the aircraft technicians. In this way, the real reasons of the accident may be determined and measures can be taken for the accidents that may occur afterwards. In addition, the safe delivery of all black box data to the interested parties and its storage in a way that is immutable will not only benefit to the manufacturer's self‐development by processing the data, but also help flight companies to find optimum flight data. Both the flight companies and the manufacturer will be able to read the black box data, thus the suspicion of data manipulation will be eliminated and the data will become more transparent. In this study, a system is proposed in which an aircraft's black box data can be saved safely and securely with the help of blockchain technology.
Phosphide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Urea Electrolysis: Recent Trends and Progress
Authors: Kumar Sanath , Bhanuse Gita B. , Fu Yen‐Pei
Published: February 2024

Electrolysis is a trend in producing hydrogen as a fuel for renewable energy development, and urea electrolysis is considered as one of the advanced electrolysis processes, where efficient materials still need to be explored. Notably, urea electrolysis came into existence to counter‐part the electrode reactions in water electrolysis, which has hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Among those reactions, OER is sluggish and limits water splitting. Hence, urea electrolysis emerged with urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and HER as their reactions to tackle the water electrolysis. Among the explored materials, noble‐metal catalysts are efficient, but their cost and scarcity limit the scaling‐up of the Urea electrolysis. Hence, current challenges must be addressed, and novel efficient electrocatalysts are to be implemented to commercialize urea electrolysis technology. Phosphides, as an efficient UOR electrocatalyst, have gained huge attention due to their exceptional lattice structure geometry. The phosphide group benefits the water molecule adsorption and water dissociation, and facilitates the oxyhydrate of the metal site. This review summarizes recent trends in phosphide‐based electrocatalysts for urea electrolysis, discusses synthesis strategies and crystal structure relationship with catalytic activity, and presents the challenges of phosphide electrocatalysts in urea electrolysis.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Immobilized Copper Complex on Carbonaceous Materials: From Neutral Water to Seawater
Authors: Taechaworaphong Chamniphol , Juthathan Methasit , Thamyongkit Patchanita , Tuntulani Thawatchai , Leeladee Pannee
Published: February 2024

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an appealing strategy to utilize renewable electricity to produce green H2. Moreover, use of neutral‐pH electrolyte such as water and seawater for the HER has long been desired for eco‐friendly energy production that aligns with net zero emission goal. Herein, new heterogeneous catalysts were developed by dispersing an HER‐active copper complex containing N4‐Schiff base macrocycle (CuL) on carbonaceous materials, i. e. multi‐walled carbon nanotube (CNT) and graphene oxide (GO), via non‐covalent interaction and investigated their HER performance. It was found that CuL/GO exhibited higher HER activity than CuL/CNT, possibly due to its significantly larger amount of CuL immobilized onto GO. In addition, CuL/GO showed satisfactory HER performance in a neutral (pH 7) NaCl electrolyte solution. Notably, the performances of CuL/GO were boosted up when performed in natural seawater sample with the faradaic efficiency of 70 % and 3 times higher amount of H2 at −0.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), in comparison to the HER in a NaCl electrolyte. Furthermore, it possessed a low overpotential of 139 mV at −10 mA/cm2. This demonstrated the potential use of CuL/GO as an effective HER catalyst in seawater for further sustainable development.
Exploring visual communication in corporate sustainability reporting: Using image recognition with deep learning
Authors: Nakao Yuriko , Ishino Aya , Kokubu Katsuhiko , Okada Hitoshi
Published: February 2024

Photographs and images in sustainability reports can affect readers' impressions of a company. This study conducts an exploratory analysis to investigate the impact of visual content on sustainability reporting and identify corporate reporting strategies. Using image recognition with deep learning technology, we analyse how 1025 global companies, publishing reports in English, incorporate images into their sustainability reports. The study also identifies factors influencing image selection and utilisation, assessing the images based on these factors' impact. Our findings highlight that economic development, cultural preferences and industry type contribute to variations in image usage. Moreover, these influences differ according to disclosure medium (i.e., integrated or sustainability reports), revealing industry‐specific image trends and providing insights into workforce characteristics. Leveraging deep learning, the study delves into facial expressions and demographic differences in the images, providing a comprehensive understanding of corporate communication strategies.
Time‐dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti‐diabetic drug: A one‐stage network meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Yanjiao , Shi Qingyang , Zou Xinyu , Meng Wentong , Tian Haoming , Du Liang , Li Sheyu
Published: February 2024

Aims

To assess the time‐dependent risk of fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving anti‐diabetic drugs.

Materials and Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 18 November 2021, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity‐score‐matched non‐randomized studies (NRSs) comparing all anti‐diabetic drugs with standard treatment or with each other on fracture in adults with type 2 diabetes. The study performed a one‐stage network meta‐analysis using discrete‐time hazard regression with reconstructed individual time‐to‐event data.

Results

This network meta‐analysis involved seven RCTs (65,051 adults with type 2 diabetes) with a median follow‐up of 36 months and three propensity‐score‐based NRSs (17,954 participants) with a median follow‐up of 27.3 months. Among anti‐diabetic drugs, thiazolidinediones increased the overall hazard of fracture by 42% (95% credible interval [CrI], 3%–97%) and almost tripled the risk after 4 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.74; 95% CrI, 1.53–4.80). Credible subgroup analysis suggested that thiazolidinediones increased the hazard of fracture only in females (HR, 2.19; 95% CrI, 1.26–3.74) but not among males (HR, 0.81; 95% CrI, 0.45–1.40). Moderate certainty evidence established that thiazolidinediones increase 92 fractures in five years per 1000 female patients. We did not find the risk of fractures with other anti‐diabetic drugs including metformin, sulfonylureas, sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors.

Conclusions

Long‐term use of thiazolidinediones elevates the risk of fracture among females with type 2 diabetes. There is no evidence eliciting fracture risk associated with other anti‐diabetic drugs.
Donor fat‐to‐muscle ratio and kidney transplant outcomes: A proposition of metabolic memory
Authors: Kee Youn Kyung , Lee Juhan , Nam Bo Young , Joo Young Su , Kang Shin‐Wook , Huh Kyu Ha , Park Jung Tak
Published: February 2024

Aims

The impact of donor abdominal fat‐to‐muscle ratio (FMR) on kidney transplant (KT) outcomes was assessed. Given the transient nature of the donor's metabolic environment in transplant recipients, this study investigated the capacity of body composition to induce metabolic memory effects.

Materials and Methods

KT patients (n = 895) who received allografts from living donors (2003–2013) were included. Donor fat and muscle were quantified using pre‐KT abdominal computed tomography scans. Patients were categorised into donor FMR tertiles and followed up for graft outcomes. Additionally, genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on 28 kidney graft samples from KT patients in the low‐ and high‐FMR groups.

Results

Mean recipient age was 42.9 ± 11.4 years and 60.9% were males. Donor FMR averaged 1.67 ± 0.79. Over a median of 120.9 ± 42.5 months, graft failure (n = 127) and death‐censored graft failure (n = 109) were more frequent in the higher FMR tertiles. Adjusted hazard ratios for the highest versus lowest FMR tertile were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.06–2.75) for overall graft failure and 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13–3.20) for death‐censored graft failure. Genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis identified 58 differentially methylated regions (p < 0.05, |Δβ| > 0.2) and 35 genes showed differential methylation between the high‐ (FMR >1.91) and low‐FMR (FMR <1.27) groups.

Conclusions

Donors with increased fat and reduced muscle composition may negatively impact kidney allograft survival in recipients, possibly through the transmission of epigenetic changes, implying a body‐composition‐related metabolic memory effect.
A meta‐analysis of disordered eating and its association with self‐criticism and self‐compassion
Authors: Paranjothy Sarah Marie , Wade Tracey D.
Published: February 2024

Objective

Future treatments for eating disorders (ED) need to be enhanced by targeting maintaining mechanisms. Literature suggests self‐criticism and self‐critical perfectionism act as key mechanisms exacerbating ED, and self‐compassion protects against self‐criticism. This meta‐analysis examines associations between self‐criticism and self‐critical perfectionism on disordered eating (DE), and reviews how self‐compassion and self‐criticism relate to each other with respect to DE.

Method

Searches across three databases yielded 135 studies across 42,952 participants. Heterogeneity, publication bias, and quality assessments were analyzed. Moderation analyses between self‐criticism measures, self‐compassion measures, between clinical and nonclinical samples, and between cross‐sectional and experimental studies were also conducted.

Results

Random‐effects models showed a medium positive link between self‐criticism and DE (r = .37), and 10 subgroups pertaining to various measures of self‐criticism utilized in literature showed small to large positive links with DE (r = .20–.52). Preliminary evidence also suggests negative relationships between self‐compassion and DE (r = −.40 to −.43) and negative relationships between self‐compassion and self‐criticism (r = −.04 to −.88).

Discussion

Greater levels of self‐criticism is linked with greater levels of DE and reduced levels of self‐compassion, suggesting a need to tackle self‐criticism and nurture self‐compassion in standard treatments for ED. Understanding these interactions better in conjunction with dismantling intervention studies can help develop more effective and efficient interventions targeting self‐criticism and self‐compassion for people with DE.

Public Significance Statement

Higher levels of self‐criticism are linked with higher levels of DE and lower self‐compassion. Self‐compassion interventions could be more effective and efficient in reducing ED symptoms if self‐criticism is tackled early in such treatments.
Lived experience perspectives on eating disorder research: The use of adaptive trials and research priorities
Authors: Pellizzer Mia L. , Thompson Matthew , Edney Laura C.
Published: February 2024

Objective

This novel study sought to understand lived experience and carer perspectives on the use of adaptive trials to evaluate interventions for eating disorders, in addition to understanding the factors and outcomes of most importance in eating disorder research and treatments from a lived experience perspective.

Method

A total of 73 people with either lived or carer experience consented, 70 started the questionnaire, and 36 (51%) completed all questions. Participants were asked Likert scale and open‐ended questions to understand what factors and outcomes of eating disorder interventions were most important to them and understand their pre‐existing knowledge of clinical trials. Two videos were then used to explain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and adaptive trials and participants were asked their opinions, including perceived benefits and concerns, of each trial type.

Results

The thematic analysis found two key themes regarding factors important in eating disorder treatment: Person‐centred care and Evidence‐based and effective treatment; and two key themes regarding outcomes of treatment: Sustained, full recovery and The bigger picture. Both RCTs and adaptive trials were viewed favorably, however, there was a slight preference for adaptive trials. Key themes for both demonstrated perceived benefits and ethical, practical, and scientific considerations unique to each.

Discussion

Findings demonstrate the support of adaptive trials in eating disorder interventions from people with lived experience and their carers. It is recommended that researchers consider the use of adaptive designs and the incorporation of lived experience perspectives when designing future intervention trials.

Public Significance

This novel study found that the use of adaptive trials in eating disorder intervention research is supported by people with lived experience and carers. Furthermore, the factors and outcomes of most importance to participants in this study are comparable to those previously identified in the emerging literature. The use of adaptive designs and the incorporation of lived experience are recommended in further clinical trials.
Increased infiltration of CD4+IL‐17A+FOXP3+ T cells in Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastritis
Authors: Guo Yixian , Chen Jinnan , Huang Yu , Ke Shouyu , Xie Feng , Li Dan , Li Bin , Lu Hong
Published: February 2024

Helicobacter pylori is one of the main predisposing factors for gastric cancer, causing chronic inflammation and proper glands atrophy in the gastric mucosa. Although H. pylori‐induced inflammation is a key inducer of precancerous lesions in the gastric mucosa, it remains unclear which precise immune cell subsets are responsible for the progression of H. pylori‐induced gastritis. Here, we observed an abundance of CD4+IL‐17A+FOXP3+ T cells exhibiting a Th17‐like phenotype within the microenvironment of H. pylori‐induced gastritis. Mechanistically, H. pylori upregulated the expression of IL‐6 in Dendritic cells and macrophages, by activating NF‐κB signaling through the virulence factor CagA and thus, induced IL‐17A expression in FOXP3+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+IL‐17A+FOXP3+ T cells were positively associated with advanced precancerous lesions. Therefore, these findings offer essential insights into how FOXP3+ T cells sense inflammatory signals from the environment, such as IL‐6, during H. pylori infections, thereby guiding the effector immune response and aggravating the gastritis.
A dual‐function Cd‐based coordination polymer for the detection of moxifloxacin and SiO32− ions
Authors: Zhu Shan , Tan Zhenqi , Pan Jiajun , Liu Luyao , Yang Tao , Zhou Xinhui , You Yujian , Xiao Hongping
Published: February 2024

A 1D coordination polymer (CP) [Cd2L2(H2O)4] ⋅ 3H2O (1) was prepared by solvothermal method using 1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid (H2L) as single ligand. Fluorescence sensing experiments show that 1 has dual‐function specific recognition ability for moxifloxacin (MXF) and silicate (SiO32−), which can be used as the turn‐off sensing material for their detection. When 1 specifically identifies MXF, the Ksv is as high as 6.46×105 M−1 (6–20 μM) and the limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 14 nM. 1 is the second example of a CP‐based fluorescent probe for the detection of MXF, which has confirmed that the Ksv is the largest to date for the detection of MXF, with a detection sensitivity increase of more than three times. For SiO32− ions detection, the fluorescence intensity ratio has a good linear correlation with the concentration of SiO32− ions in the concentration range of 0–100 μM, with a slope of 1.33×104 M−1, and the LOD is as low as 0.68 μM. According to the reported literature, 1 is the only example of SiO32− ions sensing by CP‐based fluorescence sensor so far. In order to better understand the sensing phenomenon, we also discussed the sensing mechanism for MXF and SiO32− ions.
Synthesis of Methylenecyclobutenes by [2+2] Cycloaddition of Allene Ethers and Alkyne
Authors: Qian Yi‐Sen
Published: February 2024

Methylenecyclobutenes are useful precursors to provide other organic compounds. We report intermolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of allene ethers and alkynes at 100 °C, which gives methylenecyclobutenes in 50–60 % yields. The reaction does not require any metal catalyst and shows broad substrate scope, high regioselectivity and high stereoselectivity.
An adult with KCNA2‐related epilepsy and ataxia
Authors: DeKorver Nicholas W. , Zhao Wei , Butler Michael R. , Di Luca Daniel G. , Gurnett Christina , Nascimento Fábio A
Published: February 2024

Content available: Video
Long‐term outcomes after new onset seizure in children living with HIV: A cohort study
Authors: Birbeck Gretchen L. , Mwenechanya Musaku , Ume‐Ezeoke Ifunanya , Mathews Manoj , Bositis Christopher M. , Kalungwana Lisa , Bearden David , Elafros Melissa , Gelbard Harris A. , Theodore William H. , Koralnik Igor J. , Okulicz Jason F. , Johnson Brent A. , Musonda Namwiya , Siddiqi Omar K. , Potchen Michael J. , Sikazwe Izukanji
Published: February 2024

Objective

To determine the long‐term outcomes, including mortality and recurrent seizures, among children living with HIV (CLWH) who present with new onset seizure.

Methods

Zambian CLWH and new onset seizure were enrolled prospectively to determine the risk of and risk factors for recurrent seizures. Demographic data, clinical profiles, index seizure etiology, and 30‐day mortality outcomes were previously reported. After discharge, children were followed quarterly to identify recurrent seizures and death. Given the high risk of early death, risk factors for recurrent seizure were evaluated using a model that adjusted for mortality.

Results

Among 73 children enrolled, 28 died (38%), 22 within 30‐days of the index seizure. Median follow‐up was 533 days (IQR 18–957) with 5% (4/73) lost to follow‐up. Seizure recurrence was 19% among the entire cohort. Among children surviving at least 30‐days after the index seizure, 27% had a recurrent seizure. Median time from index seizure to recurrent seizure was 161 days (IQR 86–269). Central nervous system opportunistic infection (CNS OI), as the cause for the index seizure was protective against recurrent seizures and higher functional status was a risk factor for seizure recurrence.

Significance

Among CLWH presenting with new onset seizure, mortality risks remain elevated beyond the acute illness period. Recurrent seizures are common and are more likely in children with higher level of functioning even after adjusting for the outcome of death. Newer antiseizure medications appropriate for co‐usage with antiretroviral therapies are needed for the care of these children. CNS OI may represent a potentially reversible provocation for the index seizure, while seizures in high functioning CLWH without a CNS OI may be the result of a prior brain injury or susceptibility to seizures unrelated to HIV and thus represent an ongoing predisposition to seizures.

Plain Language Summary

This study followed CLWH who experienced a new onset seizure to find out how many go on to have more seizures and identify any patient characteristics associated with having more seizures. The study found that mortality rates continue to be high beyond the acute clinical presentation with new onset seizure. Children with a CNS OI causing the new onset seizure had a lower risk of later seizures, possibly because the trigger for the seizure can be treated. In contrast, high functioning children without a CNS OI were at higher risk of future seizures.
The roles of universities in virtual intellectual migration via evolving technologies and STEM
Authors: Lindsay Beverly
Published: February 2024

The author postulates elucidatory central objectives and questions regarding the aforementioned paper title per integrative areas, with special foci on comprehensive doctoral research universities—that concentrate on research, teaching, and public engagement. The following queries are pondered and directed toward innovative technologies and science largely evident within the recent decades, contributing to virtual intellectual migration. (1) What historical and contemporary background conditions and discernments link the salience of this presentation? (2) What are the constructs of international technology and science diplomacy and intellectual migration? (3) What are roles of science and technology diplomacy as observed through formal and informal government and philanthropic initiatives via universities? (4) How are domestic and international universities preparing graduate students and professionals in novel technological manners that develop and engage virtual intellectual migration? (5) Through multifaceted processes, how might the blending of evolutionary technologies be altered and further incorporated within universities (and other organizations) to enhance virtual intellectual migration with an ultimate goal of promoting educational and diplomatic cooperations? This article responds to the queries and concludes by articulating the importance of virtual intellectual migration as can be observed by two foremost statesmen and diplomats—United Nations Secretary‐General Kofi Annan and American Senator J. William Fulbright. They were stalwarts of humankind.
Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis
Authors: Gao Ning , Liu Yuanzhen , Liu Guangjie , Liu Bo , Cheng Yupeng
Published: February 2024

The increasing incidence of hyperlipidemia is a serious threat to public health. The development of effective and safe lipid‐lowering drugs with few side effects is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid‐lowering activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii extract (SVE) in rat experiments and reveal the molecular mechanism by transcriptome analysis. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the animals using a high‐fat diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, hyperlipidemic rats were assigned into two control groups (model and positive simvastatin control) and three treatment groups that received SVE at 200, 400, or 800 mg kg−1 day−1 for another 4 weeks. A last control group comprised normal chow‐fed rats. At the end of the 8th week, rats were sacrificed and lipid serum levels, histopathology, and liver transcriptome profiles were determined. SVE was demonstrated to relieve the lipid disorder and improve histopathological liver changes in a dose‐dependent manner. The transcriptomic analysis identified changes in hepatocyte gene activity for major pathways including steroid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, AMPK signaling, thyroid hormone signaling, and glucagon signaling. The changed expression of crucial genes in the different groups was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, this study revealed that SVE could relieve hyperlipidemia in rats, the molecular mechanism might be to promote the metabolism of lipids and the excretion of cholesterol, inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and the glucagon signaling pathway.
Silymarin: Unveiling its pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic potential in liver diseases—A comprehensive narrative review
Authors: Jaffar Hafiza Madiha , Al‐Asmari Fahad , Khan Faima Atta , Rahim Muhammad Abdul , Zongo Eliasse
Published: February 2024

Liver diseases, encompassing conditions such as cirrhosis, present a substantial global health challenge with diverse etiologies, including viral infections, alcohol consumption, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The exploration of natural compounds as therapeutic agents has gained traction, notably the herbal remedy milk thistle (Silybum marianum), with its active extract, silymarin, demonstrating remarkable antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in extensive preclinical investigations. It can protect healthy liver cells or those that have not yet sustained permanent damage by reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cytotoxicity. Silymarin, a natural compound with antioxidant properties, anti‐inflammatory effects, and antifibrotic activity, has shown potential in treating liver damage caused by alcohol, NAFLD, drug‐induced toxicity, and viral hepatitis. Legalon® is a top‐rated medication with excellent oral bioavailability, effective absorption, and therapeutic effectiveness. Its active component, silymarin, has antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, Eurosil 85® also, a commercial product, has lipophilic properties enhanced by special formulation processes. Silymarin, during clinical trials, shows potential improvements in liver function, reduced mortality rates, and alleviation of symptoms across various liver disorders, with safety assessments showing low adverse effects. Overall, silymarin emerges as a promising natural compound with multifaceted hepatoprotective properties and therapeutic potential in liver diseases.
The protective role of resveratrol against high glucose‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: Tshivhase Abegail Mukhethwa , Matsha Tandi , Raghubeer Shanel
Published: February 2024

High glucose concentrations result in oxidative stress, leading to damage of cellular constituents like DNA, proteins, and lipids, ultimately resulting in apoptosis. Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects on diabetes. This study investigated the influence of high glucose (HG) on HepG2 cells and assessed resveratrol's effect on high‐glucose‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. HepG2 cells were cultured for 48 and 72 h with high glucose (40 mM), low resveratrol (25 μM), high resveratrol (50 μM), high glucose + low resveratrol, and high glucose + high resveratrol. After exposure, oxidative and apoptosis‐related gene expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured using the supernatant. In HepG2 cells cultured with high glucose, all antioxidant enzymes (SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPx1, glutathione peroxidase 1; CAT, catalase; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2; and NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1) were significantly reduced; however, when HepG2 cells were cultured with resveratrol (25 and 50 μM) and high glucose, the expression levels of all antioxidant enzymes were increased. The anti‐apoptotic gene (B‐cell lymphoma 2; Bcl2) and the DNA repair gene (Oxoguanine glycosylase‐1, OGG1) were significantly decreased following high glucose exposure to HepG2 cells. Surprisingly, the expression levels of Bcl2 and OGG1 were notably elevated after resveratrol treatment. Furthermore, high glucose levels increased the LHD release in HepG2 cells, whereas resveratrol treatment reduced the LDH release. Our results demonstrate that resveratrol provides protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose in HepG2 cells. Hence, resveratrol shows potential as an effective approach to address the impaired antioxidant response resulting from elevated glucose levels commonly observed in diabetes and metabolic disorders.
Evaluation of factors related to organic food consumption and orthorexia nervosa tendencies
Authors: Bozkurt Osman , Kocaadam‐Bozkurt Betul
Published: February 2024

The relationship between organic food consumption, awareness of reducing ecological footprint, and orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies has yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to determine factors related to organic food consumption and ON tendencies in young adults. Also, the relationship between organic food consumption, awareness of reducing ecological footprint, and ON tendencies was investigated. This study was conducted with 887 young adults (58.4% female, 41.6% male, aged 18–25 years, mean age 20.8 ± 2.55 years). Study data were obtained with a web‐based questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio‐demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, the Organic Food Consumption Scale (OFC), ORTO‐11, and the Awareness Scale for Reducing Ecological Footprint (ASREF). While 17.2% were overweight or obese, 74.9% had a normal body weight. There were no differences by sex in terms of ORTO‐11, OFC, and ASREF total scores (p > .05). Significant positive correlations were found between ASREF and OFC (p < .001), while negative correlations were found for ORTO‐11 and OFC (p < .001). A higher ASREF and increased ON tendencies predicted increased organic food consumption (p < .05). Furthermore, higher organic food consumption behaviors and awareness of reducing ecological footprint predicted increased ON tendencies (p < .05). Findings from this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors associated with organic food consumption and ON tendencies among individuals. By shedding light on the interplay between ecological awareness, organic food consumption, and orthorexic tendencies, policymakers and health professionals can develop targeted interventions to promote sustainable and healthy food consumption.
Enhancing yield and oil content in oilseed rape hybrids: Insights from line × tester and SIIG approaches
Authors: Hashemi Parastoo Sadat , Mohammadi Abdollah , Alizadeh Bahram , Mostafavi Khodadad , Amiri Oghan Hassan
Published: February 2024

Background

The production of high‐oil‐yielding hybrid varieties is a primary objective in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding programs. Biometric genetic experiments such as line × tester provide valuable insights into the genetic structure of traits associated with high oil yield.

Methods

In this study, 21 winter hybrids of oilseed rape were evaluated, which were generated by crossing three restorers with seven CMS lines. The experiment was conducted using a line × tester experiment based on a completely randomized block design. Phenological, agronomic, yield, and oil yield components were assessed in this study. The ideal genotype selection index (SIIG) methodology was also employed to identify superior hybrids based on all studied traits simultaneously.

Results

Significant differences were observed between the obtained hybrids and the check cultivars. Heritability analysis revealed that phenological traits were primarily controlled by additive effects, while agronomic and qualitative traits were mainly influenced by non‐additive gene effects. Both broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritability exhibited a wide range, underscoring the importance of genetic variance. Notably, the hybrids T1 × L5, T1 × L6, and T3 × L1 showed significant specific combining ability values of 394.74, 541.73, and 1236.79, respectively, making them the top specific combinations for increasing seed yield. Based on the SIIG index, hybrids T3 × L1, T1 × L5, T1 × L3, and T2 × L3 emerged as high‐oil‐yielding hybrids with desirable agronomic traits.

Conclusions

The identified superior hybrids by line × tester and SIIG approaches hold promise for the development of high‐yielding oilseed rape cultivars with desirable agronomic traits in oilseed rape breeding programs.
A narrative review of the effects of vitamin D3 on orthodontic tooth movement: Focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms
Authors: Zamanian Mohammad Yasin , Golmohammadi Maryam , Vadiyan Filipp V. , Almulla Ausama A. , Vadiyan Diana E. , Morozova Natalia S. , Alkadir Ola Kamal A. , Kareem Anaheed Hussein , Alijani Mojtaba
Published: February 2024

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a critical process in dental alignment, driven by the application of calibrated orthodontic forces. This study delves into the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms by which vitamin D3 influences OTM. Vitamin D3 is identified as a critical regulator in bone metabolism, enhancing osteoblast activity and bone formation while also modulating osteoclast quantity and RANKL expression, essential for the remodeling of the alveolar bone. The precise mechanisms through which vitamin D3 facilitates these processes are explored, highlighting its potential in accelerating bone remodeling and, consequently, tooth alignment. This comprehensive review underscores vitamin D3's anabolic impact on bone metabolism and its pivotal role in the synthesis and mineralization processes governed by osteoblasts. The findings illuminate vitamin D3's promise in augmenting orthodontic therapy, suggesting its utility in improving treatment efficiency and reducing duration. However, the need for further research into the optimal application of vitamin D3 in orthodontics is emphasized, particularly concerning dosage, timing, and delivery methods.