bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vitis labrusca Extract (HP01) Improves Blood Circulation and Lipid Metabolism in Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Chang Bo Yoon , Kim Dae Sung , Kim Sung Yeon
Published: December 2020

Excessive intake of high‐lipid foods and lifestyle changes can easily cause hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia is clinically considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In this study, the effects of a Vitis labrusca extract (HP01) on coagulation, platelet aggregation, and lipid metabolism were investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. A rat model of high‐fat diet‐ (HFD‐) induced hyperlipidemia was used. Hemostatic parameters and lipid levels were investigated after HP01 treatment of hyperlipidemic rats. Different doses of HP01 (200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day, p.o.) were administered for 3 weeks, and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and platelet aggregation and bleed time (BT) were determined. The levels of thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) and serotonin were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Simultaneously, hepatic function and blood fat indexes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also measured. In comparison with the data obtained for rats in the untreated HFD group, HP01 (200 mg/kg) treatment prolonged PT but did not affect aPTT. HP01 treatment did not alter plasma TXB(2), PGI2, or serotonin levels. However, HP01 showed some effects in improving liver function by reducing the levels of hepatic lipids. ALT, MDA, and hepatic TG levels significantly decreased, whereas GSH, GPx, CAT, and SOD levels significantly increased. These results confirm the HP01 extract will improve thromboplastic and the liver metabolic disorders in hyperlipidemia by oxidative stress response.
Design and Control of a Deformable Trees-Pruning Aerial Robot
Authors: Xu Changliang , Yang Zhong , Zhang Zhao , Xu Hao , Wu Jiying , Zhou Dongsheng , Liao Luwei , Zhang Qiuyan
Published: December 2020

Tree branches near the electric power transmission lines are of great threat to the electricity supply. Nowadays, the tasks of clearing threatening tree branches are still mostly operated by hand and simple tools. Traditional structures of the multirotor aerial robot have the problem of fixed structure and limited performance, which affects the stability and efficiency of pruning operation. In this article, in order to obtain better environmental adaptability, an active deformable trees-pruning aerial robot is presented. The deformation of the aerial robot is implemented through two ways, arm telescopic and folding. In order to suppress the influence of internal and external disturbances on the system, Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) technology is adopted to build the flight controller. Firstly, active deformation aerial robot structure is given, followed by system dynamic model establishment under wind disturbance using the Newton–Euler method. Also, the analysis of the gusts influence on the system is considered. Then, the active deformation aerial robot system is decoupled into a combination of six SISO systems, so that a disturbance rejection controller is designed. Finally, the expanded state observer and the nonlinear state error feedback law are used to inspect and compensate the disturbance. Simulation results of attitude and position tracking as well as the antidisturbance capability show that the active deformation aerial robot with the ADRC flight controller designed in this paper has excellent attitude control capabilities during flight and trees-pruning operation.
An Analysis of Construction Failure Factors to Stakeholder Coordinating Performance in the Finishing Phase of High‐Rise Building Projects
Authors: Nguyen Viet T. , Do Sy T. , Vo Nhat M. , Nguyen Thu A. , Pham Son V. H.
Published: December 2020

A poorly coordinated performance among stakeholders in the finishing phase can impair the performance of a high‐rise building project. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze construction failure factors (CFFs) to stakeholder coordinating performance (SCP) in the finishing phase of high‐rise building projects and to uncover their underlying relationships. CFFs to SCP in construction projects, especially in the finishing phase of high‐rise building projects, have not yet been discovered. The study identified 30 CFFs to the SCP and ranked them according to the perspective of the stakeholders, including owners/consultants and contractors/subcontractors. Additionally, four factors of the CFFs, namely, traditional adversarial relationship, poor project planning and organization, incompetent parties, and delays of parties toward construction works were extracted by the factor analysis method. This study fills the gap in knowledge related to the coordination performance in construction projects. The findings could help stakeholders to enhance their coordinating performance in high‐rise building projects.
Research on Bearing Theory of Squeezed Branch Pile
Authors: Ma Hong-wei , Wu Yi-ying , Tong Yu , Jiang Xiao-qiang
Published: December 2020

Based on the shear displacement method, theoretical research on the load transfer relation of squeezed branch pile is established. In combination with the nonlinear relation of the interaction between piles and soil, the hyperbolic function is used to describe the pile tip, pile skin, and branch. The theoretical method of the load transfer is improved, and the expression of the load transfer coefficient of these three parts is given. Finally, the applicability of the theoretical method is verified by the model test of homogeneous soil and the field test of stratified soil. The verification results show that the theoretical calculation method of the squeezed branch single‐pile bearing capacity based on the shear displacement method can better calculate the ultimate load in practical engineering applications.
Influence of Particle Orientation on the Performance of Geogrid Reinforced Ballast
Authors: Zhao Jian-bin , Li Jie , Bai Xiao-hong , Miao Chen-xi , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2020

To explore the initial orientation effect of ballast assembly on the reinforcement performance of the geogrid reinforced ballast, particles with random orientation and five prescribed rotational orientations were developed through particle flow code (PFC3D). The evolution laws of the pullout force and the principal directions of the normal contact force were systematically compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanical responses such as pullout force, distribution of axial force, displacement vectors, force chain, and mesoscopic fabric were discussed. According to the displacement vectors of the ballast particles, the average thickness of the stable shear band is determined. The inherent relationships among the force chain, the rotational angle of the normal contact force, and the mesoscopic fabric parameters are revealed. The results show that the pullout force of specimens with the initial orientation of 45° increases monotonously during the pullout process, and the peak value of pullout force appears at the end of the test. The mesostructural analysis also confirms that the evolution of the principal direction of contact normal force is relatively steady during the pullout process, indicating that the specimen with 45° orientation possesses higher systematic stability and ductility. Moreover, the optimum interval from 56.68° to 57.30° is observed to remain in a self‐adapting state for ballast assembly.
Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma): Hope for Brain Aging and Dementia
Authors: Heese Klaus
Published: December 2020

Since aging‐related diseases, including dementia, represent major public health threats to our society, physician‐scientists must develop innovative, interdisciplinary strategies to open new avenues for development of alternative therapies. One such novel approach may lie in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata, tianma) is a TCM frequently used for treatment of cerebrocardiovascular diseases (CCVDs). Recent studies of G. elata-based treatment modalities, which have investigated its pharmacologically relevant activity, potential efficacy, and safety, have employed G. elata in well‐characterized, aging‐related disease models, with a focus on models of aging‐related dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, I examine results from previous studies of G. elata, as well as related herbal preparations and pure natural products, as prophylaxis and remedies for aging‐related CCVDs and dementia. Concluding, data suggest that tianma treatment may be used as a promising complementary therapy for AD.
Preliminary Clinical Study of a LenSx Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Limbal Relaxing Incision for the Correction of High Myopia with Low to Moderate Astigmatism in Posterior Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation
Authors: Zhu Miaomiao , Tan Jilin , Zhao Zhongxiu , Liu Xialu , Peng Yanli
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and predictability of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation combined with a LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted limbal relaxing incision (LRI) for the correction of corneal astigmatism. Methods. This prospective study enrolled 64 eyes (54 patients) with high myopia with low to moderate regular corneal astigmatism. They were divided into an ICL group with ICL implantation (18 patients, 20 eyes), a TICL group with toric ICL implantation (17 patients, 23 eyes), and a LenSx + ICL group with a LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted LRI and an ICL implantation (19 patients, 21 eyes). Visual acuity, astigmatism correction ability, and visual quality were measured before and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results. The postoperative visual acuity of the 3 groups was higher than the preoperative visual acuity (

P
<
0.01

), and the improvements in the LenSx + ICL group and the TICL group were greater than those in the ICL group (

P
<
0.01

). The LenSx + ICL and TICL groups had less residual astigmatism and a higher astigmatism correction index (CI) than the ICL group (

P
<
0.01

). There was no significant difference among the three groups in total high-order aberrations (HOAs) before and after surgery (

P
>
0.05

). Conclusion. LenSx femtosecond laser-assisted LRI can effectively correct low to moderate corneal astigmatism during ICL implantation surgery. It can achieve similar clinical effects in the short term compared with TICL implantation.
Synchronous Ipsilateral Pleomorphic Adenomas of Parotid and Submandibular Glands: An Unusual Finding
Authors: Colangeli Walter , Kapitonov Aleksandr , Facchini Valerio , Zappalà Marta , Belli Evaristo
Published: December 2020

A rare case of synchronous ipsilateral pleomorphic adenomas (PA) of the left parotid and submandibular glands is reported. Simultaneous multiple PA in major salivary glands are a very rare entity, and merely few cases of ipsilateral synchronous PA involving parotid and submandibular glands are reported in the literature. The case of a 40-year-old female with a six-year history of asymptomatic growing lesion in both left parotid and left submandibular regions is presented. Left superficial parotidectomy and left submandibular gland excision at the same surgery have been performed. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of an accurate head and neck presurgery examination both clinically and radiologically, keeping in mind the possibility of multiple tumor location.
Bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus con sensibilidad disminuida heterogénea a vancomicina: reporte de un caso
Authors: Lissarrague Sabina , Bernstein Judith , Stagnaro Juan Pablo , Schell Celia , Sparo Mónica Delfina
Published: December 2020

Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente (SAMR) es una causa frecuente de bacteriemias intrahospitalarias. Para su tratamiento se utiliza vancomicina y han emergido cepas con sensibilidad disminuida heterogénea (h-VISA) que albergan subpoblaciones con sensibilidad reducida a vancomicina. Se comunica un caso de bacteriemia intra-tratamiento con vancomicina por SAMR h-VISA. El aislamiento muestra sensibilidad a vancomicina (CIMvan: 1 μg/mL), sin embargo E-test GRD sugiere h-VISA (CIMvan: 2 μg/mL y CIMtei: 8 μg/mL). El análisis del perfil poblacional - área bajo la curva (PAP-AUC) valida este hallazgo. Se rota a linezolid con resolución clínica.
Interacción comunicativa en salud. Comprensión de conceptos mínimos en pacientes oncológicos que asisten al Centro Asistencial Barros Luco (CABL)
Authors: Canales Sabina , Céspedes Macarena
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio se centra en la importancia que tiene la interacción comunicativa entre médico y paciente durante el tratamiento del cáncer. El peso de la interacción recae en la comunicación efectiva desarrollada en las prácticas lingüísticas dentro de la medicina clínica. Aquí se aborda la comunicación en salud y se explica el grado de comprensión que el paciente oncológico tiene en torno a cuatro conceptos elementales: cáncer, metástasis, tipos de tumores y tipos de terapia, los que se expresaron para ellos en tres tipos de definiciones: técnica, acomodada y coloquial. Para esto se aplicó una encuesta sociolingüística mixta a 50 pacientes en el Hospital Barros Luco, en donde se observó que más del 50% de los pacientes comprende toda la información cuando esta se explica de manera técnica y, más del 70% incluso 80% comprende toda la información cuando se explica de una manera acomodada a la valoración del contexto, situación e interlocutores. Los resultados también indican que los médicos, según los pacientes entrevistados, explican con un lenguaje de código cerrado y, en ocasiones, simplemente no entregan la información. Según los resultados se puede concluir que la información previa junto con la experiencia comunicativa, entendida como una práctica social, ayudan a construir y representar una nueva realidad sociolingüística que coopera para que los pacientes oncológicos logren entender la información verbal, así como también el nuevo contexto social en el que se encuentran.
Final Results of the Prospective Biomarker Trial PETra: [11C]-MET-Accumulation in Postoperative PET/MRI Predicts Outcome after Radiochemotherapy in Glioblastoma
Authors: Seidlitz Annekatrin , Beuthien-Baumann Bettina , Löck Steffen , Jentsch Christina , Platzek Ivan , Zöphel Klaus , Linge Annett , Kotzerke Jörg , Petr Jan , van den Hoff Jörg , Steinbach Jörg , Krex Dietmar , Schmitz-Schackert Gabriele , Falk Monique , Baumann Michael , Krause Mechthild
Published: December 2020

Purpose:

This prospective trial investigates the association of time to recurrence (TTR) in glioblastoma with [11C]methionine (MET) tracer uptake before postoperative radiochemotherapy (RCT) aiming to guide radiotherapy boost regions.

Experimental Design:

Between 2013 and 2016, 102 patients with glioblastoma were recruited. RCT was performed with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide to a total dose of 60 Gy. Tumor residues in postresection PET and MRI were together defined as gross tumor volumes for radiotherapy treatment planning. [11C]methionine (MET)-PET/MRI was performed before RCT and at each follow-up.

Results:

The primary hypothesis of a longer TTR for patients without increased tracer accumulation in postoperative MET-PET was confirmed in 89 patients. With 18.9 months (95% confidence interval, 9.3–28.5 months), median TTR was significantly (P < 0.001) longer for patients without (n = 29, 32.6%) as compared with 6.3 months (3.6–8.9) for patients with MET accumulation (n = 60, 67.4%) in pre-RCT PET. Although MRI often did not detect all PET-positive regions, an unfavorable impact of residual tumor in postsurgical MRI (n = 38, 42.7%) on TTR was observed [4.6 (4.2–5.1) vs. 15.5 months (6.0–24.9), P < 0.001]. Significant multivariable predictors for TTR were MRI positivity, PET-positive volume, and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) hypermethylation.

Conclusions:

Postsurgical amino acid PET has prognostic value for TTR after RCT in glioblastoma. Because of the added value of the metabolic beyond the pure structural information, it should complement MRI in radiotherapy planning if available with reasonable effort, at least in the context of maximal therapy. Furthermore, the spatial correlation of regions of recurrence with PET-positive volumes could provide a bioimaging basis for further trials, for example, testing local radiation dose escalation.
Blood Eosinophils and Clinical Outcome of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: You Yajie , Shi Guo chao
Published: December 2020

Background: Numerous studies have shown the association between eosinophilia and clinical outcomes of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). But the evidences are lack of consensus. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to conduct a pooled analysis of outcome comparing eosinophilic (EOS) AECOPD and non-EOS AECOPD patients. Methods: We included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to 2020 to retrieve articles. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies about patients with and without EOS AECOPD in terms of in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, comorbidities, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), gender, and BMI were included preclinical studies, review articles, editorials, commentaries, conference abstracts, and book chapters were excluded. The methodologic assessment of studies was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochran scale. Comprehensive Rev Man 5 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Twenty-one studies with 18,041 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were used in this meta-analysis. Comparing to the non-EOS group, those with EOS AECOPD patients had a lower risk for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.95, p = 0.03), shorter length of hospital stay (OR = −0.72, 95% CI −1.44 to −0.00, p = 0.05), better FEV1 (mean difference = 0.14, 95% CI 0.08–0.20, p < 0.00001), and a lower risk of arrhythmias (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01–2.21, p = 0.04). In addition, the non-EOS group had a higher percentage of male (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.15–1.56, p = 0.0002) than EOS group. The rate of steroid use (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.47–1.42, p = 0.48) and BMI (mean difference = 0.43, 95% CI −0.18 to 1.05, p = 0.17] had no difference between 2 groups. Conclusion: The results of our meta-analysis suggest that EOS AECOPD patients have a better clinical outcome than non-EOS AECOPD patients in terms of length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, FEV1, and risk of arrhythmias. In addition, the non-EOS AECOPD patients have higher percentage of male than EOS AECOPD patients.
Conectividade e conexão nos processos participativos: novas tecnologias e velhos problemas
Authors: Meneses Vítor Domício de , Cardoso Daniel Ribeiro
Published: December 2020

O planejamento da cidade contempla uma reflexão sobre quais caminhos de desenvolvimento são desejados e como os problemas existentes podem ser resolvidos, tendo como condição essencial a participação popular, que traz consigo um contexto desafiador, com entraves na realização de processos participativos. As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs) apresentam grandes transformações em diversos setores da sociedade e, sobretudo, inauguram novos canais de comunicação, modificando a maneira como as pessoas se relacionam com a cidade. Através de redes sociais, aplicativos e plataformas, as TICs criam novas formas de participação através de ambientes virtuais de troca e compartilhamento entre cidadãos, que podem ser denominados de dispositivos virtuais de participação. Buscando compreender qual a influência das TICs nos processos participativos contemporâneos, este trabalho apresenta um levantamento e posterior classificação e análise de dispositivos virtuais, a partir dos tipos de conexão que estabelecem com os usuários, para refletir sobre sua abrangência e as potencialidades do uso em diversas etapas dos processos participativos. Baseando-se no referencial teórico estudado, foi definida uma lista de problemas encontrados nos processos e nas ferramentas para embasar uma discussão sobre a contribuição das TICs para a participação.
Prendre en charge l’enseignement moral et civique
Authors: Fix-Lemaire Séverine
Published: December 2020

Cette recherche, basée sur une construction de cas, pose un regard orienté par la psychanalyse sur l’enseignement, dans le 1er degré en France, d’une discipline nouvelle dans sa forme mais historiquement ancrée dans l’École française : l’enseignement moral et civique. La nature des savoirs mis en jeu semble provoquer un dilemme subjectif qui place des professeurs des écoles entre prescription institutionnelle et désir d’enseigner, entre acte et inhibition. Dès lors, il s’agit de se demander quelles causes subjectives provoquent un embarras pour un professeur des écoles d’en passer par l’acte éducatif en enseignement moral et civique.
L’analyse interprétative de paroles d’une professeure des écoles montre que cet enseignement semble placer le sujet face à quelque chose de lui difficile voire impossible à supporter en partie parce que cela l’oblige à en passer par un acte d’éducation qui le dévoile aux autres et à lui-même. L'EMC serait alors à lire en tant que « rapport à l’épreuve » (Brossais & Jourdan, 2011), concept permettant de rendre compte d'un rapport au savoir particulier.
“espaço-entre” na matriz da contratransferência
Authors: Pitrowsky Ludmilla Tassano , Gomes Sergio
Published: December 2020

Nesse artigo buscamos entender a continuidade das proposições teórico-clínicas de Winnicott e Ogden, que incluem a contratransferência no processo analítico do paciente, e mais, o psiquismo do analista em sua parte mais inconsciente. Essas proposições implicariam um entendimento intersubjetivo do enquadre, produzindo uma nova maneira de enxergar a relação analítica e, consequentemente, a técnica. Escolhemos o termo “espaço-entre” para nomear tais propostas, pois concluímos que um outro lugar ou processo é produzido no encontro analítico. Esse lugar não é nem do analista, nem do paciente, mas de ambos. Tal encontro produziria um inconsciente do vínculo, capaz de gerar trabalho psíquico e gerar efeitos importantes.
Proteomic Signatures of Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis of the Plasma Proteome in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Corlin Laura , Liu Chunyu , Lin Honghuang , Leone Dominick , Yang Qiong , Ngo Debby , Levy Daniel , Cupples L. Adrienne , Gerszten Robert E. , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S.
Published: December 2020

Background

Proteomic biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease risk factors may offer insights into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether modifiable lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease are associated with distinctive proteomic signatures.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 1305 circulating plasma proteomic biomarkers (assayed using the SomaLogic platform) in 897 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) Generation 3 participants (mean age 46±8 years; 56% women; discovery sample) and 1121 FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) participants (mean age 52 years; 54% women; validation sample). Participants were free of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and clinical cardiovascular disease. We used linear mixed effects models (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and family structure) to relate levels of each inverse‐log transformed protein to 3 lifestyle factors (ie, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity). A Bonferroni‐adjusted
P
value indicated statistical significance (based on number of proteins and traits tested,
P
<4.2×10
−6
in the discovery sample;
P
<6.85×10
−4
in the validation sample). We observed statistically significant associations of 60 proteins with smoking (37/40 top proteins validated in FOS), 30 proteins with alcohol consumption (23/30 proteins validated), and 5 proteins with physical activity (2/3 proteins associated with the physical activity index validated). We assessed the associations of protein concentrations with previously identified genetic variants (protein quantitative trait loci) linked to lifestyle‐related disease traits in the genome‐wide‐association study catalogue. The protein quantitative trait loci were associated with coronary artery disease, inflammation, and age‐related mortality.

Conclusions

Our cross‐sectional study from a community‐based sample elucidated distinctive sets of proteins associated with 3 key lifestyle factors.
Excess Mortality and Undertreatment of Women With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Tribouilloy Christophe , Bohbot Yohann , Rusinaru Dan , Belkhir Khadija , Diouf Momar , Altes Alexandre , Delpierre Quentin , Serbout Saousan , Kubala Maciej , Levy Franck , Maréchaux Sylvestre , Enriquez Sarano Maurice
Published: December 2020

Background

Although women represent half of the population burden of aortic stenosis (AS), little is known whether sex affects the presentation, management, and outcome of patients with AS.

Methods and Results

In a cohort of 2429 patients with severe AS (49.5% women) we aimed to evaluate 5‐year excess mortality and performance of aortic valve replacement (AVR) stratified by sex. At presentation, women were older (
P
<0.001), with less comorbidities (
P
=0.030) and more often symptomatic (
P
=0.007) than men. Women had smaller aortic valve area (
P
<0.001) than men but similar mean transaortic pressure gradient (
P
=0.18). The 5‐year survival was lower compared with expected survival, especially for women (62±2% versus 71% for women and 69±1% versus 71% for men). Despite longer life expectancy in women than men, women had lower 5‐year survival than men (66±2% [expected‐75%] versus 68±2% [expected‐70%],
P
<0.001) after matching for age. Overall, 5‐year AVR incidence was 79±2% for men versus 70±2% for women (
P
<0.001) with male sex being independently associated with more frequent early AVR performance (odds ratio, 1.49; 1.18–1.97). After age matching, women remained more often symptomatic (
P
=0.004) but also displayed lower AVR use (64.4% versus 69.1%;
P
=0.018).

Conclusions

Women with severe AS are diagnosed at later ages and have more symptoms than men. Despite prevalent symptoms, AVR is less often performed in women and 5‐year excess mortality is noted in women versus men, even after age matching. These imbalances should be addressed to ensure that both sexes receive equivalent care for severe AS.
TOKAT AĞZINDA BAZI ZARFLARLA ZARF YAPICI EK VE EDATLAR
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Erol
Published: December 2020

Zarf-fiil eki almış fiiller ve bir isimle bir edatın birleşmesiyle oluşan edat grupları cümlede genellikle zarf görevi yapar. Zarf-fiil eklerinin eklendiği fiillerden oluşan zarflar, bu eklerin vurgulu unsurlar olması sebebiyle genişlemeye uğramaktadır. Genişlemeyi sağlayan pekiştirici unsurlar bazen ses, bazen ek, bazen de bir edat olabilir. Zarf olarak kullanılan edat gruplarında da benzer durumla karşılaşılır. Anadolu ağızlarının pek çoğunda farklı zarf unsurları görülmekte ya da standart Türkiye Türkçesinin zarf unsurları ağızlarda farklı biçimler almaktadır. Tokat ağzında zarf unsurlarının farklı yapıları, zarf-fiil eklerinin pekiştirici morfemlerle genişlemesi ve Eski Türkçe döneminde kullanılan bazı edatların aynen ya da az değişiklikle kullanılması dikkat çeken özelliklerdir. Bu çalışmada Tokat ağzında bulunan zarflar, zarf yapıcı ek ve edatlar ele alınmıştır. Zarf-fiil ekleriyle yapılan zarfların yapısal özellikleri kaynak eserler ışığında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada verilen örnekler sözlü kaynaklara dayanır.
AŞILAMAYAN EPİSTEMOLOJİ: POSTMODERN ÇAĞDA EVRENSEL İNSAN/KADIN HAKLARINI SAVUNMAK
Authors: ERKAN BALCI Elif
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma postmodern çağda genel olarak ahlak, özel olarak insan/kadın hakları bağlamında modernizm ve postmodernizmin konumlarını tartışmaktadır. Makalenin temel iddiası modernist epistemolojinin postmodern kırılmaya uğramasına rağmen ahlak konusundaki uluslararası tartışmalarda hala etkisini devam ettiriyor olduğudur. Bunun örnekleri makalede güncel insan hakları/kadın hakları örgütleri üzerinden verilmektedir. Bu örnekler makalede oryantalizm, sömürgecilik ve modernizm bağlantılarıyla tartışılmaktadır.
BANKALARIN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK PERFORMANSLARININ EDAS VE ARAS YÖNTEMLERİYLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: EŞ Abdulhamit , KAMACI Tuğçe Betül
Published: December 2020

Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren bankaların sosyal, çevresel ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik performanslarının analiz edilmesi ve karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda bankaların yıllık olarak yayınladıkları sürdürülebilirlik ve faaliyet raporlarından yararlanılmış ve veriler bu raporlar yardımıyla elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada dört sosyal sürdürülebilirlik, beş ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik ve iki çevresel sürdürülebilirlik kriteri olmak üzere toplam onbir kriter kullanılmıştır. Kriterlerin önem dereceleri Entropi yöntemiyle hesaplanmıştır ve EDAS ve ARAS yöntemleriyle de bankaların sürdürülebilirlik performansları sıralanmıştır. Entropi sonuçlarına göre tüm yıllarda vergi öncesi kar kriteri en önemli kriter olarak hesaplanmıştır. Farklı yıllara göre farklı sonuçların elde edildiği sıralamalarda tüm yıllarda ve her iki yöntemde de İş Bankası birinci sırada yer almıştır.
GELİR KAVRAMINA YÖNELİK FARKLI GÖRÜŞLER VE TÜRK VERGİ SİSTEMİNİN GELİRE YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: RAKICI Cemil , AKTUĞ Muhammet
Published: December 2020

Gelirin tanımı, gelir vergilerinin ilk uygulanmaya başladığı dönemlerden itibaren sürekli gündemde olmuştur. Çeşitli teorisyenler tarafından gayri nakdi kıymetlerin gelir kavramının içine dahil edilip edilemeyeceğine yönelik farklı görüşler ortaya atılmıştır. Bilhassa Kleinwachter imkansızlıkları, Haig-Simons’ın geniş kapsamlı gelir tanımı, Seligman’ın olgunlaşmamış gelir tasavvuru ve 1960’lı yıllarda yaşanan kapsamlı vergi matrahı tartışmaları gelir kavramının gelişiminde önemli rol oynamıştır. Mevcut gelir teorileri ile gelir vergisi sistemleri büyük oranda, felsefi zeminde gerçekleşen bu tartışmalar neticesinde şekillenmiştir. Türkiye’de gelir üzerinden alınan vergilerin tarihi eskiye dayanmakta aşar, ağnam, ancemaatin vergi, temettü ve kazanç vergileri gibi örnekleri bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte modern anlamda ilk gelir vergisi 1949 Gelir Vergisi Reformu ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı gelir kavramına ilişkin farklı görüşler çerçevesinde, Türk Gelir Vergisi Sistemi’nin gelişimini ve gelire yaklaşım tarzındaki değişimi ortaya koymaktır.
Moralische Erwägungen bei der Wiedereinführung der Bluttransfusion im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Eibeles Barbara
Published: December 2020

Die Wiedereinführung der Bluttransfusion im 19. Jahrhundert führte mehrfach zu innermedizinischen Diskussionen über die Rechtfertigung dieser gefährlichen Prozedur. Ihre Befürworter erklärten, dass sie nicht unverantwortlich oder indikationslos handelten. Sie betonten den lebensrettenden Effekt in verzweifelten Fällen. Ihrer Auffassung nachwar die Transfusion indiziert bei Cholera-Opfern m it ungünstiger Prognose und bei hohem Blutverlust in geburtshilflichen Fällen. Dagegen betonten die Gegner die hohen Risiken der Massnahme, die ihrer Meinung nach theoretisch ungenügend fundiert war. Dieses moralische Dilemma beim therapeutischen Einsatz einer riskanten neuen Methode bildet bis heute ein Problem medizinischer Ethik.
Von der Resektionsprothetik zur freien Knochenplastik
Authors: Sigron Guido
Published: December 2020

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung zahnärztlicher und chirurgischer Methoden zur Wiederherstellung der Unterkieferkontinuität nach Knochenverlust.

Ausgehend von der zahnärztlichen Resektionsprothetik werden wichtige Etappen zur Knochentransplantation am Unterkiefer aufgezeigt. Bis 1914 konnte kein sicheres Transplantationskonzept erarbeitet werden. Erst die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Chirurgen und Zahnärzten im Ersten Weltkrieg schuf die Grundlagen für den Durchbruch der Knochenplastik am Unterkiefer.
La Faculté de médecine de l'Université de Lausanne (1890) : un pari politique
Authors: Saudan Guy
Published: December 2020

La creation de la Faculté de médecine de l’Université de Lausanne relève davantage de sollicitations politiques que médicales: la souveraineté cantonale autorise le projet d'une école, en 1804, et le fédéralisme vaudois provoque sa realisation, en 1890.

Dans le dernier quart du XIXe siècle, Lausanne doit se tailler sa place entre Herne, la puissance patricienne prornue capitale federate, et l'industrieuse Genève. Le débat cristallise autour du tracé des chemins defer et de la localisation des études supérieures; le chef-lieu vaudois sera carrefour ferroviaire et ville universitaire. Les libéraux sécularisent l'Académie et les radicauxy font pénétrer les sciences. Uouverture d'une Faculté de médecine a Genève (1876) et finstitu-tion d’examens fédéraux (1877) font office de catalyseurs: précédée dhm ensei-gnement propédeutique (1881), une Faculté complete de médecine voit lejour â Lausanne, permettant la transformation de Vancienne Académie en Université (1890).
The emergence of endocrinology
Authors: Welbourn Richard B.
Published: December 2020

Endocrinology was recognized as a new branch of biological science mainly as a result of events which took place between about 1890 and 1905, but ideas and discoveries dating from antiquity contributed to it also. Experiments supporting the concept of internal secretions by the testicles were described by Aristotle (4th c. B.C.) and by Hunter (18th c.) and Berthold (19th c.). In 1855 Bernard described glucose as an internal secretion of the liver and Addison reported the effects of adrenal disease in man. Adrenalectomy was fatal in animals. Goitre was known in antiquity and cretinism had been described by Paracelsus. Myxoedema was reported by Gull in 1873, and Kocher described cachexia strumipriva in 1883. In 1888 cretinism, myxoedema and cachexia strumipriva were attributed to thyroid insufficiency. In the 1890s Gley found that tetany after thyroidectomy was due to removal of the parathyroids. In 1884 Rehn proposed that toxic goitre was due to thyroid excess. In 1889 Brown-Sequard claimed that injections of testicular extract rejuvenated the elderly, and in 1893 he introduced organotherapy. In 1891 Murray treated myxoedema successfully with thyroid extract. In 1893 Oliver and Schäfer found that an adrenal extract raised the blood pressure, and soon adrenaline was extracted from the adrenal medulla. Adrenocortical deficiency was proposed as the cause of Addison’s disease, and in 1896 Osler prepared an extract which relieved one patient. Diabetes mellitus, described in the first century, was usually fatal. Thirst and polyuria followed experimental pancreatectomy, and pancreatic lesions were found in some human diabetics. In the 19th century workers in France and Germany found that diabetes resulted from absence of an internal secretion by the islets of Langerhans and, in 1893, Laguesse described the function of the islets as “endocrine”. In 1895 Beatson treated advanced breast cancer successfully by oophorectomy. In 1895 Schäfer commended study of the internal secretions to physiologists. In 1902 Bayliss and Starling discovered secretin, a chemical messenger secreted by the intestinal mucosa. In 1905 Starling proposed the name “hormone” for this class of internal secretions. By then endocrinology had been launched as a new branch of science.
Surgery for exophthalmic goitre in Australia, 1907
Authors: Taylor Selwyn
Published: December 2020

Thomas Dunhill 1876—1957, Australian born surgeon (Melbourne 1907—1914 and London 1920—1941) performed partial thyroidectomy for exophthalmic goitre using Th. Kocher’s method of local anaesthesia on seven consecutive severely toxic patients in 1907 with a successfull outcome in all seven. A brief outline of the life and achievements of Thomas Dunhill is appended.
Die Beziehungen Theodor Kochers zur «Société internationale de chirurgie»
Authors: Liebermann-Meffert Dorothea , Allgöwer Martin , Rüedi Thomas
Published: December 2020

Mit dem Ziel, dem Fortschritt in der Chirurgie durch freundschaftlichen Erfah-rungsaustausch zu dienen, wurde im Jahre 1902 in Brüssel über die engen Grenzen nationalen Denkens hinweg die erste internationale Gesellschaft für Chirurgie gegründet. Als 1905 der erste Kongress stattfand, hatte die «Société Internationale de Chirurgie» (SIC) oder «International Society of Surgery» (ISS) bereits 638 Mitglieder; unter ihnen ivaren die bedeutendsten Chirurgen aus aller Veit.

Theodor Kocher stand diesem Kongress als Präsident vor und war für seine Thematik verantwortlich. Seine Präsidialrede spiegelt die Ideale der Gesellschaft deutlich wieder. Die persönliche und fachliche Autorität Kochers, sein wissenschaftliches Konzept, das er so gerne seinen Kollegen weitervermittelte, und sein in ternationales Denken prägten die junge Gesellschaft, in deren Vorstand er bis zu seinem Tod 1917 blieb.
La «mort de la belle jeunesse» ou le suicide juvénile à Genève au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Porret Michel
Published: December 2020

Terme solitaire de chagrins familiaux, amoureux ou de pathologies douloureuses, le suicide juvénile horrifie les communautés de l’Ancien Régime promptes dès le début du XVIIIe siècle ày discerner une «maladie de l'âme» particulière à une jeunesse qui conjugue vitalité corporelle et fragilité morale et dont le rôle est d’assurer les lendemains du genre humain. Grossissant le ressentiment social à l’encontre de la mort volontaire attribuée souvent depuis 1774 à l’exemple pernicieux de la «philosophie» ou du libre-arbitre de l’infortuné Werther, le suicide juvénile souligne les failles de la solidarité sociale dans la communauté resserrée de l’Ancien Régime.
Das Staunen vor der Schöpfung: «Tota substantia», «calidum innatum», «generatio spontanea» und atomistische Formenlehre bei Daniel Sennert
Authors: Stolberg Michael
Published: December 2020

A thorough study of the system of a philosophy of nature, elaborated by the well-known German physician Daniel Sennert (1572—1637). At the beginning of the modern era, Sennert developed a new and very complex concept of the relations between matter and the guiding principle active in it, the Aristotelian form.
John Tyndall (1820—1893) und seine Beziehungen zu den Alpen und zur Schweiz
Authors: Sackmann Werner
Published: December 2020

John Tyndall, the British physicist and scientist who died a hundred years ago (4 Dec. 1893) was a great admirer of Switzerland and of its high mountains. Throughout his life as a researcher he was fascinated by glaciers, by their shape and movement. This made him an enthusiastic pioneer of alpine mountaineering. Besides his important attempts to conquer the Matterhorn he made the first successful ascent of the Weisshorn. On the Belalp, opposite the Weisshorn, he built a home for his annual vacations. The residents of Naters made him an honorary citizen of their community. On the Belalp, his widow erected a monument to remember Tyndall’s affection for Switzerland and for the Alps.
Dürrenmatt und die Naturwissenschaften
Authors: Bellwinkel Hans Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

The natural sciences, especially physics, mathematics, cosmology and in the last years, biology, play a very important role in the literary and pictorial work of Friedrich Dürrenmatt. He not only deals with them in a critical way, but they also characterize his way of thinking. In this way Dürrenmatt combines the two cultures, humanities and natural sciences, in a fruitful synthesis.
Albrecht Haller's Patient Records (Berne 1731-1736)
Authors: Böschung Urs
Published: December 2020

As a young doctor Albrecht Haller 1708-1777) practised medicine in his native town, Berne, and kept a detailed case book during the years 1731 to 1736. The manuscript is preserved at the Burgerbibliothek Berne (Ms. Haller 19) and is still unpublished. It is written in Latin and documents some 2300 consultations given to 296 patients. A first attempt is made to analyse this valuable but complex source.
Tietze und die Zytomegalie-Erkrankung der Speicheldrüsen
Authors: Diosi Peter
Published: December 2020

Tietze has observed in 1898 the presence of peculiar huge cells in a tumor excized from the parotid gland of an infant. He held the structures for protozoan parasites immigrated from the oral cavity, but they turned out to be cytomegalic inclusion cells. Hence, the first description of cytomegaly-associated symptomatic illness dates back to Tietze's paper. It appears that he was the first author to establish the diagnosis in vivo, and his patient was the first one reported having survived this disease.
Mutation du concept de dégénérescence en Suisse romande 1870-1920
Authors: Jeanmonod Gilles
Published: December 2020

Between 1870 and 1920 the concept of degeneration changed radically. Away from an organization principle of mental diseases, degeneration became progressively a disease entity capable of affecting the human species as a whole. In the French-speaking part of Switzerland, fear of a "degeneration of the race" reached considerable dimensions in the years around 1910. The study of the introduction and then diffusion of the degeneration concept reveals clearly the social commitment of the medical profession. Although the French-speaking Swiss psychiatrists showed no tendency to give clinical value to this concept, they are, howewer, at the origin, through this social discourse, of the success that the idea of degeneration had. Hygienist, antialcoholic and political environments took over the job to perpetuate this discourse and finally managed to empty the concept of degeneration of its substance.
Hilberts Ruf nach Bern
Authors: Sauer Tilman
Published: December 2020

Attempts to find a successor for the late Berne professor of mathematics Johann Heinrich Graf in winter and spring 1919 proved fruitless when, unexpectedly, the renowned Gottingen mathematician David Hilbert intimated that he himself would, under certain conditions, accept a call to Berne. Subsequent negotiations between Hilbert and the Bernese and Prussian authorities mainly concerned the question of salary, with offers of unusually high compensation both in Berne and in Gottingen. Although Hilbert eventually declined for financial reasons, it is argued that his consi-derations may well have been rather complex and reflect both his own situation in Gottingen and the general state of affairs of university mathe-matics in Germany and Switzerland after the First World War.
Wolfgang Paulis familiärer Hintergrund
Authors: Jacobi Manfred
Published: December 2020

This paper is devoted to the ancestors of the physicist Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958). The individual members of the family will be introduced and conclusions are drawn on the intellectual situation into which Pauli was born.
La rage en Tunisie au XIXe siècle: recrudescence ou émergence?
Authors: Néfissa Kmar Ben , Moulin Anne Marie , Dellagi Koussay
Published: December 2020

At the end of the 19th century, a canine rabies epidemics started in Tunis and in several other cities of the Beylik. Archives’ data trace the epidemics back to 1870 and at that time its rapid progression was ascribed to the increase of immigration from Europe.Whether the European “street rabies virus”was also imported with the settlers’ pet dogs is controversial.The epidemics might rather be linked to other factors such as socio-cultural or ecological changes. The authors try to reconstruct the history of rabies in Tunisia during this period. Changes in canine ecology and increase of dog populations in urban and suburban areas might account for the emergence of rabies at the end of 19th century and its persistence in an endemo-epidemic state.
Gewalt in der Frühen Neuzeit – Positionen der Forschung
Authors: Christadler Maike
Published: December 2020

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The Plot against Cancer: Heredity and Cancer in German and Dutch Medicine, 1933–1945
Authors: Snelders Stephen
Published: December 2020

In the Third Reich hereditarian approaches and their eugenic implications seemed to offer possibilities for fundamental progress in the fight against cancer. This did not lead to an exclusive emphasis on genetics in theory or practice. The concept of a hereditary predisposition for cancer, the Krebsdisposition or Krebsbereitschaft, led to flexible multifactor approaches, including proposals for both eugenic and social-hygienic measures. These approaches were not typical of German medicine alone. In the Netherlands hereditarian approaches did not play a central role in the 1930s. They lacked institutional support in a country where health policies were characterised by indirect strategies working through intermediaries such as general practitioners and home nursing organisations. However, potentially the elements for similar anti-cancer policies as in Germany were present. The German occupation offered opportunities to develop these elements (concepts, institutions, personnel). This development was blocked because of the political radicalisation during the war and the German defeat.
Le tarentisme et ses fictions ethnographiques: épistémologie d’une maladie de l’Autre
Authors: Bevilacqua Salvatore
Published: December 2020

Tarantism is a cultural syndrome caused by a symbolic spider bite that was treated in Southern Italy by means of a musical and religious ritual. At the frontiers of theories of insanity this “disease” is the source of a rich and centuries-old scientific literature. This article proposes an epistemological analysis of the medical paradigms that have built the scientific representations of this phenomenon and that make it an anthropological mediation of cultural alterity of the Apulian territory and Southern Italy in general. Geographical or social determinism, popular irrationality, simulation and imitation appear as recurrent categories sounding the psychology of a “me - ri dional soul” explained, till the studies of the 20th century about the south-European immigrants’ diseases, in terms such as social anomy and mental alienation.
Populäre Wissenschaft: Metamorphosen des Wissens im Medium des Films
Authors: Tanner Jakob
Published: December 2020

Far from being merely a medium of simplification and conveyance of scientific facts, motion pictures exhibit an important epistemic function. On the one hand, the medium film is itself a product of research in various fields, on the other hand, it retroacts on perception and problem-solving in science, thereby influencing and changing research practices. The paper aims at describing these reciprocal effects and synergies by discussing two examples: first by the film “The principles of Einstein’s theory of relativity”, first released in Germany in 1922, second by the film “Mathematical image of the struggle for life”, produced in 1937 for the inauguration of the “Palace of discoveries” in Paris, demonstrating the latest developments in evolutionary theory. It becomes evident that picture media have the capacity to transform the symbolic dimension of things and bodies, thereby offering new access to reality, which not only fascinated the spectators, but also inspired scientific research.
Décrire et convaincre: rhétoriques visuelles de la cinématographie en médecine
Authors: Panese Francesco
Published: December 2020

The tools of visualisation occupy a central place in medicine. Far from being simple accessories of glance, they literally constitute objects of medicine. Such empirical acknowledgement and epistemological position open a vast field of investigation: visual technologies of medical knowledge. This article studies the development and transformation of medical objects which have permitted to assess the role of temporality in the epistemology of medicine. It firstly examines the general problem of the relationships between cinema, animated image and medicine and secondly, the contribution of the German doctor Martin Weiser to medical cinematography as a method. Finally, a typology is sketched out organising the variety of the visual technology of movement under the perspective of the development of specific visual techniques in medicine.