bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technology: A metaparadigm concept of nursing
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Abu‐Odah Hammoda , Su Jing Jing , Aziato Lydia
Published: August 2023

Undoubtedly, technology continues to permeate the world at an unprecedented pace. The discipline of nursing is not alien to this phenomenon as nurses continue to employ various technological objects and applications in clinical practice, education, administration and research. Despite the centrality of technology in nursing, it has not been recognised as a metaparadigm domain of interest in the discipline of nursing. Thus, this paper sought to examine if technology truly reflected a metaparadigm domain using the four requirements posited by Fawcett. Using these requirements, we examined the onto‐epistemology of technology in relation to nursing and conclude that technology potentially represents a distinct domain that intersects with nursing (particularly, from the humanities perspective). Also, technology encompasses some phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing, demonstrates perspective‐neutrality, and is international in scope and substance albeit with some nuances which do not fit well with nursing onto‐epistemology. Put together, it is highlighted that technology intersects with the existing metaparadigm domains (person, health, environment and nursing) which positions it as a potential phenomenon of interest to the discipline of nursing requiring further work to articulate its position and role.
Apical incisor root resorption due to ectopic maxillary canine eruption: Association with time of diagnosis and type of intervention in a retrospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Botticelli Susanna , Byriel Tina , Stoustrup Peter , Cattaneo Paolo Maria , Küseler Annelise
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The primary aim was to study upper incisor severe apical root resorption (RR) related to ectopic canine eruption and its association with timing of diagnosis and type of intervention conducted. The secondary aim was to correlate resorption with other dental anomalies.

Materials and Methods

Digital journals and radiographic material of all ectopic maxillary canines registered in 2012 in the regional public paediatric dental clinics in the Council of Aarhus were inspected retrospectively. Data related to 10 variables were retrieved. Post‐treatment radiographs were used for evaluation of incisor RR.

Results

A total of 260 ectopic maxillary canines were diagnosed in 2012. The majority were found in the 9‐13‐year‐old age group (0.8% prevalence within the total population). In all, 244 canines were assessed for eligibility and 181 had adequate final radiographs for evaluation of RR. Among ectopic maxillary canines, 9.4% caused severe incisor RR to neighbouring teeth. Timely palpation for canine eruption significantly reduced the odds for upper incisor resorption by 80%. Multiple regression showed that when the permanent canine cannot be palpated and the deciduous has been extracted, delaying the first X‐rays was associated with a 38% odds ratio increase for RR for each year of delay after the age of 10 years. No significant associations were found between incisor RR and intervention conducted or other dental anomalies.

Conclusion

Palpation of erupting maxillary canines is crucial for timely diagnosis of ectopic eruption and initiation of treatment to avoid RR. If the canine cannot be palpated at 10 years of age, radiographic examination is highly recommendable.
Predicting ecosystem pattern across landscapes
Authors: Basquill Sean P. , Leroux Shawn J.
Published: August 2023

Predictive modelling is fundamental to ecology and essential for objective biodiversity assessment. However, while predictive biodiversity models are generally well‐developed, models for predicting patterns within (e.g. composition, structure) and among ecosystems (e.g. ecosystem identity, spatial properties) have not been adequately operationalized. We contend the scarcity of such models marks a concerning gap in the scientific community's ability to make ecosystem predictions across landscapes, and more broadly for supporting the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions. We propose ecosystem spatial pattern models (ESPM) to fill this gap in modelling capacity. Under our approach to ESPM, spatial patterns of ecosystem properties are the basis for resolving ecosystem organization at local and landscape extents. Our integrative modelling framework differs from others in that it accords biotic and abiotic constituents equally, consistent with their joint mechanistic influence on ecosystem establishment and dynamics. Development of ESPM is especially timely for ecosystem assessment is undergoing a groundswell, as scientists and conservation groups propose ambitious targets for ecosystem conservation and restoration.
Observation of urinary tract infection signs and symptoms in nursing home residents with impaired awareness or ability to communicate signs and symptoms: The development of supportive tools
Authors: van Eijk Jorna , Rutten Jeanine J. S. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. , Smalbrugge Martin , van Buul Laura W.
Published: August 2023

Background

Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing home (NH) residents. Research emphasises the importance of prescribing antibiotics only if there are UTI‐related signs and symptoms (S&S). However, for many NH residents it is challenging to find out whether such S&S are present, for example due to cognitive disorders.

Objectives

To provide insight into the assessment of UTI‐related S&S in NH residents with impaired awareness or ability to communicate S&S, and to develop supportive tools for the observation of UTI‐related S&S in this subgroup of NH residents, by nursing staff.

Methods

We performed a practice‐based study using mixed methods. Data of 295 cases of suspected UTI were analysed to determine how often UTI‐related S&S were ‘not assessed/non‐assessable’ in residents with and without dementia. Barriers and facilitators in observing UTI‐related S&S in NH residents with impaired awareness or ability to communicate S&S were derived from interviews and focus groups with nursing staff. Literature review, focus group data, additional telephone interviews and questionnaires with nursing staff were used in a step‐by‐step process, including pilot testing, to develop supportive tools for the observation of UTI‐related S&S.

Results

UTI‐related S&S were assessable in the majority of NH residents with dementia. The proportion ‘not assessed/non‐assessable’ S&S in residents with dementia increased with increasing severity of dementia. In residents with very severe dementia, up to 58% of the S&S were ‘not assessed/non‐assessable’. Knowing the resident, working methodologically, and being sufficiently skilled to interpret observations in residents facilitate the assessment of UTI‐related S&S. Insights acquired during the different study elements resulted in the development of an observation checklist and a 24‐h observation tool.

Conclusions

The more NH residents have impaired awareness of ability to communicate S&S, the more difficult it seems to be to assess UTI‐related S&S. The observation checklist and 24‐h observation tool developed in the current study may support nursing staff in their observation of UTI‐related S&S in this group of NH residents.
Multiomics analysis reveals a link between Brassica‐specific miR1885 and rapeseed tolerance to low temperature
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Zhang Wenting , Wang Xuan , Zhu Yantao , Liang Wanqi , He Yuke , Yu Xiang
Published: August 2023

Brassica crops include various edible vegetable and plant oil crops, and their production is limited by low temperature beyond their tolerant capability. The key regulators of low‐temperature resistance in Brassica remain largely unexplored. To identify posttranscriptional regulators of plant response to low temperature, we performed small RNA profiling, and found that 16 known miRNAs responded to cold treatment in Brassica rapa. The cold response of seven of those miRNAs were further confirmed by qRT‐PCR and/or northern blot analyses. In parallel, a genome‐wide association study of 220 accessions of Brassica napus identified four candidate MIRNA genes, all of which were cold‐responsive, at the loci associated with low‐temperature resistance. Specifically, these large‐scale data analyses revealed a link between miR1885 and the plant response to low temperature in both B. rapa and B. napus. Using 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach, we validated that miR1885 can cleave its putative target gene transcripts, Bn.TIR.A09 and Bn.TNL.A03, in B. napus. Furthermore, overexpression of miR1885 in Semiwinter type B. napus decreased the mRNA abundance of Bn.TIR.A09 and Bn.TNL.A03 and resulted in increased sensitivity to low temperature. Knocking down of miR1885 in Spring type B. napus led to increased mRNA abundance of its targets and improved rapeseed tolerance to low temperature. Together, our results suggested that the loci of miR1885 and its targets could be potential candidates for the molecular breeding of low temperature‐tolerant Spring type Brassica crops.
Combined genomics to discover genes associated with tolerance to soil carbonate
Authors: Busoms Silvia , Pérez‐Martín Laura , Terés Joana , Huang Xin‐Yuan , Yant Levi , Tolrà Roser , Salt David E. , Poschenrieder Charlotte
Published: August 2023

Carbonate‐rich soils limit plant performance and crop production. Previously, local adaptation to carbonated soils was detected in wild Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, allowing the selection of two demes with contrasting phenotypes: A1 (carbonate tolerant, c+) and T6 (carbonate sensitive, c−). Here, A1(c+) and T6(c−) seedlings were grown hydroponically under control (pH 5.9) and bicarbonate conditions (10 mM NaHCO3, pH 8.3) to obtain ionomic profiles and conduct transcriptomic analysis. In parallel, A1(c+) and T6(c−) parental lines and their progeny were cultivated on carbonated soil to evaluate fitness and segregation patterns. To understand the genetic architecture beyond the contrasted phenotypes, a bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA‐Seq) was performed. Transcriptomics revealed 208 root and 2503 leaf differentially expressed genes in A1(c+) versus T6(c−) comparison under bicarbonate stress, mainly involved in iron, nitrogen and carbon metabolism, hormones and glycosylates biosynthesis. Based on A1(c+) and T6(c−) genome contrasts and BSA‐Seq analysis, 69 genes were associated with carbonate tolerance. Comparative analysis of genomics and transcriptomics discovered a final set of 18 genes involved in bicarbonate stress responses that may have relevant roles in soil carbonate tolerance.
Moral framing and referendum politics: Navigating the empathy battlefield
Authors: Atikcan Ece Özlem , Hand Karen
Published: August 2023

Frames enable individuals to locate and label occurrences within their life space and the world at large. In this article, we study the framing of moral issues with the help of Moral Foundations Theory and by relying on rich qualitative data. Existing studies are primarily based on laboratory experiments, without a focus on how such processes are shaped in a real‐life setting. Through a detailed study of the 2018 Irish referendum on abortion, we ask: How is moral framing used in a referendum setting? This case is important not only because referendum campaigns may have higher chances of influencing public opinion than election campaigns but also because of the highly contentious nature of abortion and the recent societal changes in the Irish context. Based on in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with campaigners and politicians, as well as focus groups with voters, we find that the campaigners from opposing sides used moral foundations (the Care foundation) deliberately in their campaign to appeal to undecided voters, focusing on the health of women or the plight of unborn babies. Our findings also show that not every moral foundation is relevant for the campaigners due to the national and historical context.
How did GVC‐trade respond to previous health shocks? Evidence from SARS and MERS
Authors: Shingal Anirudh , Agarwal Prachi
Published: August 2023

A health crisis can impact GVCs adversely by raising bilateral trade costs and via supply‐ and demand‐side shocks in the exporting and importing countries. Focusing on trade in select GVC‐intensive sectors, we disentangle the effects of these different channels in the context of SARS and MERS in a structural gravity framework. The estimated effects are found to be small in magnitude and show significant heterogeneity by sector, channel and disease outbreak. SARS‐induced rise in bilateral trade costs is found to reduce the export value and number of products traded of both intermediate and final goods, while similar adverse effects from MERS are only observed on intermediate goods export value. There is more evidence for the adverse effects of supply‐shocks from both SARS and MERS in our results, while the expected negative effects of the demand‐shock are only observed for MERS. The SARS effects are found to diminish over time, pointing to resilience of the associated value‐chains. We also find suggestive evidence for SARS in particular being associated with geographical diversification and widening of value‐chains.
Nominal ellipsis reveals concord in Moksha Mordvin
Authors: Privizentseva Mariia
Published: August 2023

On the basis of original data from Moksha Mordvin (Finno‐Ugric), I argue that some languages have nominal concord even though modifiers of the noun generally do not show inflection. Evidence for the presence of concord comes from nominal ellipsis, under which inflection is phonologically realized and restricted in the same way as regular nominal concord. To account for the distribution of concord exponents, I develop a model that allows features to be present in syntax but avoid realization. In particular, I propose that (i) Spellout applies to a node as soon as its Merge and Agree features are satisfied and (ii) Agree features are by default illegible at PF and need to undergo an operation called Probe Conversion in order to become accessible to PF processes. The distribution of features then follows from the relative timing of Spellout and Probe Conversion.
Personal, Political and Public: Socio‐Legal Changes from a Relational Perspective
Authors: Hall Sarah Marie
Published: August 2023

The paper offers a response to Kath Browne and Catherine Nash's paper ‘From hegemonic to where?’. Building on their influential body of work and expanding upon further empirical research across Ireland, Canada and the UK, their paper is a direct examination of the views and experiences of those concerned about socio‐legal challenges in sexuality and gender. With my responses and provocations, I gesture towards a relational geographical framing, focusing on three main themes: the everyday and relationality, experience and difference, and praxis and allyship.
Randomized comparison of in vivo performance of TearLab® and I‐PEN® osmometry in normal dogs
Authors: Kim Hyun‐wook , Kim Joon‐Young
Published: August 2023

Objective

To compare tear film (TF) osmolarity measured using TearLab® and I‐PEN® osmometers in the same dogs without any ocular surface disease.

Animal Studied

Fifty‐two dogs (98 eyes) of different breeds were evaluated.

Procedures

Tear film (TF) osmolarity was evaluated at 2‐min intervals. The test was randomly determined, and single measurements were performed using each osmometer. Subsequently, complete ophthalmologic examinations were performed based on Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1) analysis, tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. For each osmometer, the mean ± standard deviation of the TF osmolarity was calculated, and a paired Student's t‐test was used to compare the values obtained. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between osmolarity and other values such as STT‐1, TFBUT, and age.

Results

Tear film osmolarity determined using TearLab® (340.42 ± 15.87 mOsm/L) and I‐PEN® (321.58 ± 17.39 mOsm/L) were significantly different (p < .001). However, statistical significance could not be confirmed between osmolarity and other values, such as STT‐1, TFBUT, and age.

Conclusions

In dogs, the TF osmolarity values obtained using TearLab® tend to be higher than those obtained using I‐PEN®, contrary to that observed in humans. These findings can serve as a reference for establishing normal values for each osmometer for clinical use in measuring TF osmolarity in dogs.
Plasma resuscitation improves and restores intestinal microcirculatory physiology following haemorrhagic shock
Authors: Schucht Jessica E. , Harbrecht Brian G. , Bond Logan M. , Risinger William B. , Matheson Paul J. , Smith Jason W.
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury following resuscitated haemorrhagic shock (HS) leads to endothelial and microcirculatory dysfunction and intestinal barrier breakdown. Although vascular smooth muscle machinery remains intact, microvascular vasoconstriction occurs secondary to endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting in further ischaemia and organ injury. Resuscitation with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) improves blood flow, stabilizes the endothelial glycocalyx and alleviates organ injury. We postulate these improvements correlate with decreased tissue CO2 concentrations, improved microvascular oxygenation and attenuation of intestinal microvascular endothelial dysfunction.

Materials and Methods

Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to groups (n = 8/group): (1) sham, (2) HS (40% mean arterial blood pressure [MAP], 60 min) + crystalloid resuscitation (CR) (shed blood saline) and (3) HS + FFP (shed blood + FFP). MAP, heart rate (HR), ileal perfusion, pO2 and pCO2 were measured at intervals until 4 h post‐resuscitation (post‐RES). At 4 h post‐RES, the ileum was rinsed in situ with Krebs solution. Topical acetylcholine and then nitroprusside were applied for 10 min each. Serum was obtained, and after euthanasia, tissues were harvested and snap‐frozen in liquid N2 and stored at −80°C.

Results

FFP resuscitation resulted in sustained ileal perfusion as well as rapid sustained return to baseline microvascular pO2 and pCO2 values when compared to CR (p < 0.05). Endothelial function was preserved relative to sham in the FFP group but not in the CR group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

FFP‐based resuscitation improves intestinal perfusion immediately following resuscitation, which correlates with improved tissue oxygenation and decreased tissue CO2 levels. CR resulted in significant damage to endothelial vasodilation response to acetylcholine, while FFP preserved this function.
Benchtop Models of Patient-Specific Intraventricular Flow During Heart Failure and LVAD Support
Authors: Vu Vi , Rossini Lorenzo , del Alamo Juan C. , Dembitsky Walter , Gray Richard A. , May-Newman Karen
Published: August 2023

The characterization of intraventricular flow is critical to evaluate the efficiency of fluid transport and potential thromboembolic risk but challenging to measure directly in advanced heart failure (HF) patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. The study aims to validate an in-house mock loop (ML) by simulating specific conditions of HF patients with normal and prosthetic mitral valves (MV) and LVAD patients with small and dilated left ventricle volumes, then comparing the flow-related indices result of vortex parameters, residence time (RT), and shear-activation potential (SAP). Patient-specific inputs for the ML studies included heart rate, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, aortic pressure, E/A ratio, and LVAD speed. The ML effectively replicated vortex development and circulation patterns, as well as RT, particularly for HF patient cases. The LVAD velocity fields reflected altered flow paths, in which all or most incoming blood formed a dominant stream directing flow straight from the mitral valve to the apex. RT estimation of patient and ML compared well for all conditions, but SAP was substantially higher in the LVAD cases of the ML. The benchtop system generated comparable and reproducible hemodynamics and fluid dynamics for patient-specific conditions, validating its reliability and clinical relevance. This study demonstrated that ML is a suitable platform to investigate the fluid dynamics of HF and LVAD patients and can be utilized to investigate heart–implant interactions.
Discussion on “Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point Flow and Heat Transfer of a Dusty Fluid Toward a Stretching Sheet, M. R. Mohaghegh, and A. B. Rahimi, 2016, ASME J. Heat Mass Transfer-Trans. ASME, 138(11), p. 112001”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios
Published: August 2023

Some errors exist in the above paper.
Investigate on Failure Mechanism of Basalt Filament Wound Composite Pipe Under External Loads
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yang Rui , Sun Haoming , Xiang Dong
Published: August 2023

Nonmetallic composite pipes are one of the most effective ways to transport hydrogen. Basalt fiber materials can be used on hydrogen pipes, and simulation models of composite pipe under plate and spherical indenter loads were established to study the effects of structure parameters on the pipe's mechanical behavior and failure modes. The results show that the matrix is the weakest part of the composite pipe under spherical indenter load, the failure areas of each fiber layer change for winding angle. The ultimate load decreases with the increasing of diameter-thickness ratio, and that increases with a deviation of the fiber winding angle from the axial direction, the indent depth increases with the increasing of diameter-thickness ratio. Under plate load, the final deformation of composite pipe is affected by the fiber winding angle and diameter-thickness ratio. The weak part of composite pipe changes due to the fiber winding angle, but the failure areas start from the plastic line area. The ultimate load and total absorbed energy of composite pipes under plate load is proportional to the winding angle and inversely proportional to the diameter-thickness ratio.
Psychophysical characterization of auditory temporal and frequency streaming capacities for listeners with different levels of musical expertise
Authors: Susini Patrick , Wenzel Nicolas , Houix Olivier , Ponsot Emmanuel
Published: August 2023

Temporal and frequency auditory streaming capacities were assessed for non-musician (NM), expert musician (EM), and amateur musician (AM) listeners using a local-global task and an interleaved melody recognition task, respectively. Data replicate differences previously observed between NM and EM, and reveal that while AM exhibits a local-over-global processing change comparable to EM, their performance for segregating a melody embedded in a stream remains as poor as NM. The observed group partitioning along the temporal-frequency auditory streaming capacity map suggests a sequential, two-step development model of musical learning, whose contributing factors are discussed.
Effects of anthropogenic noise and natural soundscape on larval fish behavior in four estuarine species
Authors: Waddell Emily E. , Širović Ana
Published: August 2023

The larval and post-larval forms of many marine organisms, such as oysters, crabs, lobster, coral, and fish, utilize ambient acoustic cues to orient, settle, or metamorphose. In this study, the effect of anthropogenic and ambient sounds on the orientation behavior of four larval estuarine fishes was examined in a controlled, laboratory experiment. Pre-settlement size red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, southern flounder Paralichthys lethostigma, spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus, and Florida blenny Chasmodes saburrae larvae were exposed to four sound treatments—control, estuarine soundscape, seismic airguns, and large-ship passage—in a linear acoustic chamber. Initial significant (p < 0.05) avoidance of airguns was observed in three of the four species (all but the Florida blenny), but habituation to this sound occurred as the experiment progressed. All species avoided ship passage sounds; however, the avoidance behavior was not significant. Interestingly, none of the species studied were significantly attracted to the acoustic cues alone of the estuarine soundscape; in fact, three of the four species spent less time near the speaker when it was broadcast. These results suggest that larval fish can potentially habituate to anthropogenic noise relatively quickly (<10 min). Understanding how sounds affect larval behavior is necessary because successful recruitment ultimately affects a population's success.
Experimental evaluation of earplug behavior in front of high-level impulse noise using laser Doppler vibrometer
Authors: Blondé-Weinmann Cyril , Joubaud Thomas , Zimpfer Véronique , Hamery Pascal , De Mezzo Sébastien , Roth Sébastien
Published: August 2023

Hearing protection devices facing high-level impulse noises provide an attenuation, generally, between 20 and 40 dB. One reason for this limitation is the direct interactions between the protection device and the impulse waves. In the case of earplugs, direct transmissions through the earplug occur. These direct transmissions combine with the already well-studied indirect transmissions arising from wave propagation in the external ear's tissues (skin, cartilage, and bone). To evaluate the transmission induced directly by the earplug, an experimental protocol using a laser Doppler vibrometer was developed. Thus, the earplug's outer lateral face (OLF) displacements and acoustic pressure at the eardrum were measured simultaneously. Two earplugs (polyurethane foam and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) inserted in an acoustic test fixture were stimulated with impulses ranging from 137 to 180 dB-peak. A slight earplug OLF movement in the ear canal varying from 1 μm to 0.1 mm could be observed, which is likely related to ear canal longitudinal compression. The earplug's OLF displacement and acoustic pressure variation at the eardrum strongly depended on the earplug type. These direct transmissions and underlying consequences considerably alter the protection efficiency.
A comparative analysis of form and function in Centrarchidae hearing ability: Does otolith variation affect auditory responsiveness?
Authors: Bendig Taylor A. , Dycha Grace M. , Bull Elise M. , Ayala-Osorio Roselia , Higgs Dennis M.
Published: August 2023

There exists a wealth of knowledge on hearing ability in individual fish species, but the role of interspecific variation, and drivers behind it, remains understudied, making it difficult to understand evolutionary drivers. The current study quantified hearing thresholds for three species of sunfish in the family Centrarchidae [bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris)] using auditory evoked potentials and behavioral trials and saccular otolith size and hair cell density. In auditory physiological experiments, 10-ms tone bursts were played and responses monitored to measure hearing. In behavioral experiments, fish were exposed to the same tone bursts for 1 s, and changes in fish behaviors were monitored. Saccular otolith morphology and hair cell densities were also quantified. Physiological thresholds varied between species, but behavioral thresholds did not. Rock bass had larger S:O ratio (percentage of the saccular otolith surface occupied by the sulcus), but no differences in hair cell densities were found. Our study allows for a direct comparison between confamilial species, allowing a deeper understanding of sound detection abilities and possible mechanisms driving differential hearing. Using both approaches also allows future research into how these species may be impacted by increasing levels of anthropogenic noise.
Modeling impedance boundary conditions and acoustic barriers using the immersed boundary method: The three-dimensional case
Authors: Bilbao Stefan
Published: August 2023

One of the main challenges in time domain wave-based acoustics is the accurate simulation of both boundary conditions and barriers capable of reflecting and transmitting energy. Such scattering structures are generally of irregular geometry and characterised in terms of frequency-dependent reflectances and transittances. Conditions for numerical stability can be difficult to obtain in either case. Immersed boundary methods, which are heavily used in computational fluid dynamics applications, replace boundaries by discrete driving terms, avoiding volumetric meshing and staircasing approaches altogether. The main contribution of this article is a unified numerical treatment of both impedance boundary conditions and barriers capable of transmitting energy and suitable for use in the setting of wave-based acoustics. It is framed in terms of the immersed boundary method within a finite difference time domain scheme, using a dual set of matched discrete driving terms in both the conservation of mass and momentum equations that can be tuned against a desired reflectance or transmittance. Numerical results in three dimensions are presented, illustrating non-porous barriers and impedance boundary conditions, and highlight important features such as spurious leakage through an immersed boundary. A brief demonstration of conditions for numerical stability of the immersed boundary method in this context is provided in an appendix.
His Work Here Is Done: How Sports Journalists and Commentators Framed Colin Kaepernick’s Possible Return to the National Football League
Authors: Bishop Ronald , Milo Amanda
Published: August 2023

A frame analysis was conducted of recent coverage by sports journalists of the on-again off-again possibility that Colin Kaepernick might sign a contract to play with a team in the National Football League (NFL). Kaepernick was blacklisted by league and team officials angry at, and hoping to avert public backlash from, Kaepernick’s 2016 decision to kneel during the national anthem to protest systemic police brutality and mass incarceration. The analysis enabled the creation of champions, distractions, exile, futility, impact, and spectacle frames. The analysis affirms that journalists may be priming readers to conclude that the NFL has learned its lesson, that some officials should be congratulated for generating the bravery to welcome Kaepernick back to the league and commended for their newfound insights about racism. The episodic frames emerging from coverage of the tryouts and a possible signing affirm that the “new appreciation” of Kaepernick has become a nonthreatening reverence for his place in history. Kaepernick’s exile now reads like a one-off, an outlier, rather than a glaring example of the systemic racism that still infects the league. Frames affirm that the NFL—with help from the nation’s sports writers and commentators—has taken control of the narrative with which fans process an athlete’s activism. They have legitimized the narrow space provided by the league for player protest.
Change-of-Direction and Deceleration Deficits in National-Team Female Rugby Sevens Players: Interrelationships and Associations With Speed-Related Performance
Authors: Freitas Tomás T. , Pereira Lucas A. , Zabaloy Santiago , Alcaraz Pedro E. , Arruda Ademir F.S. , Mercer Valter P. , Bishop Chris , Loturco Irineu
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between a series of direct and indirect measures of linear and multidirectional speed performance in elite female rugby sevens players. Methods: Nineteen players from the Brazilian national team performed 40-m linear sprint and 505 change-of-direction (COD) tests on the same day. Based on the linear sprint and COD test performances, the COD deficit (CODD) and deceleration deficit (DD) were also obtained. A Pearson product–moment correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between linear sprint and COD-derived variables. Results: Linear sprint and 505 COD velocities were not significantly associated (P > .05). Large to very large significant associations (r values ranging from .54 to .78; P < .05) were detected between linear sprint velocity for the different distances tested (10, 15, 30, and 40 m) and CODD. The COD velocity presented a very large inverse significant correlation with CODD and DD (r = −.77 and −.79 respectively; P < .05). A large and significant correlation was identified between CODD and DD (r = .79; P < .05). Conclusions: Significant associations were observed between linear sprint and CODD, suggesting that faster players are less efficient at changing direction. No relationship was found between sprint velocity and DD, highlighting the independent nature of linear sprints and deceleration capabilities. A comprehensive and detailed analysis of multidirectional speed performance should consider not only linear sprint and COD performances but also complementary COD-derived variables such as the CODD and DD.
Physical Activity Accumulated Across Adulthood and Resting Heart Rate at Age 41–46 Years in Women: Findings From the Menarche to Premenopause Study
Authors: Mielke Gregore I. , Doust Jenny , Chan Hsiu-Wen , Mishra Gita D.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To investigate the association between physical activity accumulated from early (age 22–27 y) to mid (age 40–45 y) adulthood and resting heart rate at age 41–46 years in women. Methods: Data were from 479 participants in the 1973–1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Participants reported physical activity every 3 years from age 22–27 years to 40–45 years. Linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of a cumulative physical activity score (average physical activity across 18 y; up to 7 surveys) and changes in physical activity from age 22–33 years to 34–45 years with resting heart rate at age 41–46 years. Results: Average resting heart rate at age 41–46 years was 75 (SD: 11) beats per minute. An inverse nonlinear dose–response association between cumulative physical activity and resting heart rate was observed. Overall, accumulation of physical activity was associated with lower resting heart rate regardless of the age when physical activity was accumulated. Women in the highest tertile of physical activity at both age 22–33 years and 34–45 years had a resting heart rate, on average, 8 beats per minute lower (95% confidence interval, −11.42 to −4.69) than those consistently in the lowest tertile of physical activity. Conclusion: Accumulating physical activity, irrespective of timing, appears to provide cardiovascular health benefits for women before the transition to menopause.
Women and Members of Socially Diverse Groups in a Sport Management Program: Key Lessons From Creating and Leading a Student-Led Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Club
Authors: Murphy Sullivan , Trussell Dawn E. , Petrie Mackayla , Groves Brooklyn , Kerwin Shannon
Published: August 2023

This manuscript shares insights on the process of creating and operating a student-led equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) club centered in a sport management program through five reflective stories (i.e., three students and two faculty members). Sport Helps Everyone Make Allies is a student-led EDI club created at one of the largest sport-management-specific degree programs in North America. Based on critical reflections from the five stories, we identify key lessons for the creation and management of student-led EDI clubs: (a) resisting the chilly climate, (b) EDI initiatives within hierarchal systems, (c) EDI initiatives and the challenges of performative allyship, (d) EDI initiatives as agents of change, and (e) the essential role of faculty. By sharing our insights and reflections, we hope to help future social-justice-focused student groups navigate the development of a student-led EDI club.
A secreted sirtuin from
Campylobacter jejuni
contributes to neutrophil activation and intestinal inflammation during infection
Authors: Callahan Sean M. , Hancock Trevor J. , Doster Ryan S. , Parker Caroline B. , Wakim Mary E. , Gaddy Jennifer A. , Johnson Jeremiah G.
Published: August 2023

Histone modifications control numerous processes in eukaryotes, including inflammation. Some bacterial pathogens alter the activity or expression of host-derived factors, including sirtuins, to modify histones and induce responses that promote infection. In this study, we identified a deacetylase encoded by
Campylobacter jejuni
which has sirtuin activities and contributes to activation of human neutrophils by the pathogen. This sirtuin is secreted from the bacterium into neutrophils, where it associates with and deacetylates host histones to promote neutrophil activation and extracellular trap production. Using the murine model of campylobacteriosis, we found that a mutant of this bacterial sirtuin efficiently colonized the gastrointestinal tract but was unable to induce cytokine production, gastrointestinal inflammation, and tissue pathology. In conclusion, these results suggest that secreted bacterial sirtuins represent a previously unreported class of bacterial effector and that bacterial-mediated modification of host histones is responsible for the inflammation and pathology that occurs during campylobacteriosis.
Adipose tissue coregulates cognitive function
Authors: Oliveras-Cañellas Núria , Castells-Nobau Anna , de la Vega-Correa Lisset , Latorre-Luque Jessica , Motger-Albertí Anna , Arnoriaga-Rodriguez Maria , Garre-Olmo Josep , Zapata-Tona Cristina , Coll-Martínez Clàudia , Ramió-Torrentà Lluís , Moreno-Navarrete José Maria , Puig Josep , Villarroya Francesc , Ramos Rafel , Casadó-Anguera Verònica , Martín-García Elena , Maldonado Rafael , Mayneris-Perxachs Jordi , Fernández-Real José Manuel
Published: August 2023

Obesity is associated with cognitive decline. Recent observations in mice propose an adipose tissue (AT)–brain axis. We identified 188 genes from RNA sequencing of AT in three cohorts that were associated with performance in different cognitive domains. These genes were mostly involved in synaptic function, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, the complement cascade, anti-inflammatory signaling, and vitamin metabolism. These findings were translated into the plasma metabolome. The circulating blood expression levels of most of these genes were also associated with several cognitive domains in a cohort of 816 participants. Targeted misexpression of candidate gene ortholog in the
Drosophila
fat body significantly altered flies memory and learning. Among them, down-regulation of the neurotransmitter release cycle–associated gene
SLC18A2
improved cognitive abilities in
Drosophila
and in mice. Up-regulation of
RIMS1
in
Drosophila
fat body enhanced cognitive abilities. Current results show previously unidentified connections between AT transcriptome and brain function in humans, providing unprecedented diagnostic/therapeutic targets in AT.
Closed-loop cathode recycling in solid-state batteries enabled by supramolecular electrolytes
Authors: Bae Jiwoong , Zhu Zhuoying , Yan Jiajun , Kim Dong-Min , Ko Youngmin , Jain Anubhav , Helms Brett A.
Published: August 2023

Deconstructing solid-state batteries (SSBs) to physically separated cathode and solid-electrolyte particles remains intensive, as does the remanufacturing of cathodes and separators from the recovered materials. To address this challenge, we designed supramolecular organo-ionic (ORION) electrolytes that are viscoelastic solids at battery operating temperatures (−40° to 45°C) yet are viscoelastic liquids above 100°C, which enables both the fabrication of high-quality SSBs and the recycling of their cathodes at end of life. SSBs implementing ORION electrolytes alongside Li metal anodes and either LFP or NMC cathodes were operated for hundreds of cycles at 45°C with less than 20% capacity fade. Using a low-temperature solvent process, we isolated the cathode from the electrolyte and demonstrated that refurbished cells recover 90% of their initial capacity and sustain it for an additional 100 cycles with 84% capacity retention in their second life.
Human cytomegalovirus mediates APOBEC3B relocalization early during infection through a ribonucleotide reductase-independent mechanism
Authors: Fanunza Elisa , Cheng Adam Z. , Auerbach Ashley A. , Stefanovska Bojana , Moraes Sofia N. , Lokensgard James R. , Biolatti Matteo , Dell'Oste Valentina , Bierle Craig J. , Bresnahan Wade A. , Harris Reuben S.
Published: August 2023

The APOBEC3 family of DNA cytosine deaminases comprises an important arm of the innate antiviral defense system. The gamma-herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and the alpha-herpesviruses herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2 have evolved an efficient mechanism to avoid APOBEC3 restriction by directly binding to APOBEC3B and facilitating its exclusion from the nuclear compartment. The only viral protein required for APOBEC3B relocalization is the large subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). Here, we ask whether this APOBEC3B relocalization mechanism is conserved with the beta-herpesvirus human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although HCMV infection causes APOBEC3B relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in multiple cell types, the viral RNR (UL45) is not required. APOBEC3B relocalization occurs rapidly following infection suggesting the involvement of an immediate early or early (IE/E) viral protein. In support of this possibility, genetic (IE1 mutant) and pharmacologic (cycloheximide) strategies that prevent the expression of IE/E viral proteins also block APOBEC3B relocalization. In comparison, the treatment of infected cells with phosphonoacetic acid, which interferes with viral late protein expression, still permits A3B relocalization. These results combine to indicate that the beta-herpesvirus HCMV uses an RNR-independent, yet phenotypically similar, molecular mechanism to antagonize APOBEC3B.

IMPORTANCE

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections can range from asymptomatic to severe, particularly in neonates and immunocompromised patients. HCMV has evolved strategies to overcome host-encoded antiviral defenses to achieve lytic viral DNA replication and dissemination and, under some conditions, latency and long-term persistence. Here, we show that HCMV infection causes the antiviral factor, APOBEC3B, to relocalize from the nuclear compartment to the cytoplasm. This overall strategy resembles that used by related herpesviruses. However, the HCMV relocalization mechanism utilizes a different viral factor(s) and available evidence suggests the involvement of at least one protein expressed at the early stages of infection. This knowledge is important because a greater understanding of this mechanism could lead to novel antiviral strategies that enable APOBEC3B to naturally restrict HCMV infection.
Role of hospital leadership in pandemic preparedness: experience at a tertiary hospital in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mwangi Lucy W , Macharia William , Wachira Benjamin W , Kimeu Jemimah , Mativa Boniface , Atwoli Lukoye
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Pandemic preparedness refers to being ready for, responding to and recovering from public health crises, and is integral for health security. Hospital leadership is a critical building block of an effective healthcare system, providing policy, accountability and stewardship in a health crisis.

Objectives and methods

We aimed to describe the leadership and governance structures put in place at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, a private not-for-profit tertiary healthcare facility, following the COVID-19 pandemic. We reviewed over 200 hospital documents archived in the COVID-19 repository including those received from the Kenya Ministry of Health, emails, memos, bulletins, meeting minutes, protocols, brochures and flyers. We evaluated and described pandemic preparedness at the hospital under four main themes: (a) leadership, governance and incident management structures; (b) coordination and partnerships; (c) communication strategies; and (d) framework to resolve ethical dilemmas.

Results

The hospital expeditiously established three emergency governance structures, namely a task force, an operations team and an implementation team, to direct and implement evidence-based preparedness strategies. Leveraging on partners, the hospital ensured that risk analyses and decisions made: (1) were based on evidence and in line with the national and global guidelines, (2) were supported by community leaders and (3) expedite financing for urgent hospital activities. Communication strategies were put in place to ensure harmonised COVID-19 messaging to the hospital staff, patients, visitors and the public to minimise misinformation or disinformation. An ethical framework was also established to build trust and transparency among the hospital leadership, staff and patients.

Conclusion

The establishment of a hospital leadership structure is crucial for efficient and effective implementation of pandemic preparedness and response strategies which are evidence based, well resourced and ethical. The role of leadership discussed is applicable to healthcare facilities across low and middle-income countries to develop contextualised pandemic preparedness plans.
Trends of liposomal bupivacaine utilization in major lower extremity total joint arthroplasty in the USA: a population-based study
Authors: Stundner Ottokar , Hoerner Elisabeth , Zhong Haoyan , Poeran Jashvant , Liu Jiabin , Illescas Alex , Memtsoudis Stavros G
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Liposomal bupivacaine has been marketed for the achievement of long-acting local or regional anesthesia after major lower extremity total joint arthroplasty. However, it is comparatively expensive and controversy remains regarding its ability to decrease healthcare costs. With mounting evidence suggesting non-superiority in efficacy, compared with plain bupivacaine, we sought to investigate trends in liposomal bupivacaine use and identify changes in practice.

Methods

We identified adult patients from the Premier Healthcare Database who underwent elective total joint arthroplasty between 2012 and 2021. Prevalence and trends of liposomal bupivacaine utilization were compared on the individual patient and hospital levels. Log-rank tests were performed to assess the influence of location, teaching status, or hospital size on time to hospital-level liposomal bupivacaine termination.

Results

Among 103,165 total joint arthroplasty cases, liposomal bupivacaine use increased between 2012 and 2015 (from 0.4% to 22.8%) and decreased by approximately 1%–3% annually thereafter (15.7% in 2021). Liposomal bupivacaine was ever used in approximately 60% of hospitals. Hospital-level initiation of liposomal bupivacaine use peaked in 2014 and decreased thereafter (from 32.8% in 2013 to 4.3% in 2021), while termination rates increased (from 1.4% in 2014 to 9.9% in 2019). Non-teaching hospitals and those located in the South and West regions were more likely to retain liposomal bupivacaine longer than teaching or Midwest/Northeast hospitals, respectively (p=0.023 and p=0.014).

Discussion

Liposomal bupivacaine use peaked around 2015 and has been declining thereafter on individual patient and hospital levels. How these trends correlate with health outcomes and expenditures would be a strategic target for future research.