bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Techniques for Quality Assessment of Tea and Coffee
Authors: Dankowska Anna , Włodarska Katarzyna , Mandal Abhishek , Sikorska Ewa
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents an overview of the latest advances in the application of absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared regions and also fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis in the evaluation of various aspects of the quality of tea and coffee. Spectroscopic methods have been used for tea and coffee classification according to various criteria, including product category, species, place of origin, and maturity, and also for the prediction of their chemical components and physical and sensory properties. The presented results indicated satisfactory performance, demonstrating the potential of these techniques for quality assessment, authenticity testing, and control of the manufacturing processes. Non-destructive character, rapidity and simplicity of measurements, and simultaneous analysis of several components and attributes are among the most attractive features of spectroscopy from the practical point of view. Therefore, this technique can be used in the routine quality control of a large number of samples as an alternative to conventional analytical methods.
Scalable selective electrochemical oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
Authors: Fu Zi-Hao , Tian Hao-Dong , Ni Shao-Fei , Wright James S. , Li Ming , Wen Li-Rong , Zhang Lin-Bao
Published: May 2022

An electrochemical protocol for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides has been developed in which NaCl plays a dual role: (1) as an electrolyte for the electrochemical transformations and (2) as a redox mediator to avoid oxidation of sensitive functional groups.
Synthetic vaccines targeting Mincle through conjugation of trehalose dibehenate
Authors: Hanna Cameron C. , Maxwell Joshua W. C. , Ismanto Hendra S. , Ashhurst Anneliese S. , Artner Lukas M. , Rudrawar Santosh , Britton Warwick J. , Yamasaki Sho , Payne Richard J.
Published: May 2022

A conjugate vaccine comprising a mycobacterial peptide antigen from the 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6) and a macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) signalling trehalose dibehenate (TDB) glycolipid adjuvant is described.
Hierarchically fractal Co with highly exposed active facets and directed electron-transfer effect
Authors: Liu Yu , Yu Hao-Zheng , Wang Yong , Tian Ge , Zhou Liang , Córdoba de Torresi Susana I. , Ozoemena Kenneth I. , Yang Xiao-Yu
Published: May 2022

Hierarchically fractal Co with highly exposed active sites facilitating directed electron-transfer was synthesized strategically. A directed electron-transfer mechanism is proposed for the higher hydrogen evolution reaction activity of fractal Co.
Thermal properties of single-layer MoS2–WS2 alloys enabled by machine-learned interatomic potentials
Authors: Marmolejo-Tejada Juan M. , Mosquera Martín A.
Published: May 2022

Machine-learned interatomic potential for the estimation of thermal transport properties of MoxW1−xS2 systems.
Colloidal synthesis of AgGa(S1−xSex)2solid solution nanocrystals with composition-dependent crystal phase for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet
Authors: Li Tong , Shang Di , Liu Cong , Li Ruyi , Bai Fengying , Bai Tianyu , Xing Shanghua
Published: May 2022

A series of AgGa(S1−xSex)2nanocrystals whose crystal phase features the dependence on their composition have been synthesized, and quasi-tetragonal AgGa(S0.7Se0.3)2presents the best photocatalytic efficiency of 88.48% for methyl violet.
Effect of Au/HfS3 interfacial interactions on properties of HfS3-based devices
Authors: Dhingra Archit , Lipatov Alexey , Loes Michael J. , Abourahma Jehad , Pink Maren , Sinitskii Alexander , Dowben Peter A.
Published: May 2022

N-type HfS3in vacuo (left) versus p-type HfS3 in air (right); O2 chemisorption changes the n-type EF to p-type EF.
Spiers Memorial Lecture: prospects for photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Flavell Wendy R.
Published: May 2022

Recent advances in photoelectron spectroscopy are reviewed, focussing on advances inin situand time-resolved measurements, and in extending the sampling depth of the technique. The future prospects for each are considered.
Sustainable and reusable electrospun g-C3N5/MIL-101(Fe)/poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) nanofibers for photocatalytic degradation of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants
Authors: Zhu Dongying , Huang Zhujun , Wang Haiyan , Lu Qiujun , Ruan Guihua , Zhao Chenxi , Du Fuyou
Published: May 2022

Electrospun g-C3N5/MIL-101(Fe)/poly(acrylonitrile-co-maleic acid) nanofibers were fabricated for the highly efficient degradation of emerging pharmaceutical pollutants.
A water supply tunable bilayer evaporator for high-quality solar vapor generation
Authors: Zhang Xiangyi , Li Tongyuan , Liao Wenlong , Chen Dongzhi , Deng Ziwei , Liu Xin , Shang Bin
Published: May 2022

The tradeoff between water supply and interfacial heating performance of photothermal material was optimized by water transportation channels design.
Exploiting the reversible covalent bonding of boronic acids for self-healing/recycling of main-chain polybenzoxazines
Authors: Gulyuz Sevinc , Yagci Yusuf , Kiskan Baris
Published: May 2022

In this work, a new strategy for the synthesis of self-healable/recyclable polybenzoxazine networks under mild conditions by exploiting dynamic B–O bond exchanges is presented.
Selective ring-opening polymerization of glycidyl esters: a versatile synthetic platform for glycerol-based (co)polyethers
Authors: Liu Shan , Liu Lijun , Zhou Yubo , Chen Ye , Zhao Junpeng
Published: May 2022

Well-defined (isotactic) linear polyglycerols and glycerol-based copolyethers are obtained by controlled and chemoselective ring-opening (co)polymerizations of glycidyl butyrates.
Enantioselective assembly and recognition of heterochiral porous organic cages deduced from binary chiral components
Authors: Liu Chao , Jin Yucheng , Qi Dongdong , Ding Xu , Ren Huimin , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: May 2022

Heterochiral organic cages based on enantioselective self-assembly of binary chiral components have been prepared, exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence property and enantioselective recognition ability towards chiral substrates according to the circular dichroism spectral change.
Correction: Atomic-scale investigation of cation doping and defect clustering in the anti-perovskite Na3OCl sodium-ion conductor
Authors: Goldmann Benedek A. , Clarke Matt J. , Dawson James A. , Islam M. Saiful
Published: May 2022

Correction for ‘Atomic-scale investigation of cation doping and defect clustering in the anti-perovskite Na3OCl sodium-ion conductor’ by Benedek A. Goldmann et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 2249–2255, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA07588H.
Boltzmann-Poisson-like approach to simulating the galactic halo response to satellite accretion
Authors: Aguilar-Argüello G. , Valenzuela O. , Trelles A.
Published: May 2022

Context. Recent studies have reported the detection of the galactic stellar halo wake and dipole triggered by the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), mirroring the corresponding response from dark matter (DM). These studies open up the possibility of adding constraints on the global mass distribution of the Milky Way (MW), and even on the nature of DM itself, with current and upcoming stellar surveys reigniting the discussion on response modes in dynamical friction. However, the simulation of such features remains computationally challenging.

Aims. Using a continuous medium approach, we investigate the density and velocity response modes in simulations of Galactic-type DM halos accreting LMC-sized satellites, including the dependence on the halo density profile.

Methods. We used, for the first time in the context of galactic dynamics, a collisionless Boltzmann equation (CBE)+Poisson solver based on an existing method from the literature. We studied the dynamical density and velocity response of halos to sinking perturbers.

Results. We successfully captured both the local wake and the global over- and underdensity induced in the host halo. We also captured the velocity response. In line with previous studies, we find that the code can reproduce the core formation in the cuspy profile and the satellite core stalling. The angular power spectrum (APS) response is shown to be sensitive to each density profile. The cored Plummer density profile seems the most responsive, displaying a richness of modes. At the end of the simulation, the central halo acquires cylindrical rotation. When present, a stellar component is expected to behave in a similar fashion.

Conclusions. The CBE description makes it tenable to capture the response modes with a better handling of noise in comparison to traditional N-body simulations. Hence, given a certain noise level, BPM has a lower computational cost than N-body simulations, making it feasible to explore large parameter sets. We anticipate that stellar spheroids in the MW or external galaxies could show central cylindrical rotation if they underwent a massive accretion event. The code can be adjusted to include a variety of DM physics.
The Packaging Index (PIX) - a proposed methodology for packaging assessment and comparison
Authors: Scagnetti Carla , Lorenz Manuel , Keller Jonas , Albrecht Stefan
Published: May 2022

The use of packaging and the related environmental consequences are increasingly under discussion. Despite its advantages, packaging has become the focus of public concern, mainly due to insufficient or inadequate handling of packaging waste. There is plenty of research regarding the sustainability of packaging options; however, multiple quantifiable characteristics have never been combined into a single indicator. The proposed Packaging Index (PIX) offers a tool to evaluate and compare different packaging options for the same product. To achieve these goals, the current evaluation criteria for the PIX are i) packaging quantity, ii) recyclability, and iii) environmental footprint. The resulting assessment is displayed as best to worst case scenario, with a single score for simple comparison. Using life cycle thinking, the environmental footprint of the packaging is accounted from cradle-to-grave. The suggested visualization of the PIX represents a practical comparison of diverse packaging alternatives within a defined product group. In the illustrative example, the PIX serves as an instrument to compare available bags found commonly in German online-retail. This example also shows that the PIX can analyze the packaging value chain from diverse industries and contributes to the circular economy. The usability of the PIX extends from communication (such as customer relations) to other fields like internal supply chain optimization. Lastly, we present the communication strategy of the PIX aimed at two different user groups.
The paradox of the circular economy in the raw materials industry
Authors: Alonso-Jiménez Antonio , Regueiro González-Barros Manuel
Published: May 2022

Circular economy has, in the case of some raw materials, its own drawbacks. The principle states that reuse is basic to reduce primary production, thus in a healthy circular economy we should recycle as many elaborated raw materials as possible (in the case of aluminium i.e., tins, window frames, etc). The new products from these sources will then cost less and it appears as if growth could be unlimited as we recycle residues and produce new resources. And statistics should then show that thanks to the new supply from recycling, we will need less raw materials. We are now confronted with the facts that were anticipated by Jevons paradox: an improved efficiency will lower the price of the commodity and because of this; instead of a reduction we see a clear increase in the use of the resource.
On the combination of USEtox® and SimpleBox 4 Nano models for the derivatization of size-dependent characterization factors for engineered nanomaterials
Authors: Blázquez María , Corral Beatriz , Buist Harrie , Ligthart Tom , Henzing Bas , Rosenbaum Ralph , Cajaraville Miren P.
Published: May 2022

Even if it has been claimed that Life Cycle Assessment is an essential tool to analyze, evaluate, understand and manage the environmental and health impacts of nanotechnology, few studies incorporate characterization factors (CFs) for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity accounting for the impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) beyond their manufacturing stage. The objective of the present work consisted in identifying the correspondence between the information required and outputs provided by the USEtox® consensus model (which is not nanospecific) and the SimpleBox4Nano model (which accounts for nanospecific processes, e.g. aggregation, attachment and dissolution for Fate Factor derivatization) in order to assess the possibility of integrating the two to derive size-dependent CFs for the varying sizes of ENMs throughout their life cycle. The possibility to combine and integrate the two models appeared to be limited since there is no absolute correspondence between the two of them.
Life cycle analysis of a refurbished smartphone in Chile
Authors: Wiche Pia , Pequeño Felipe , Granato Danilo
Published: May 2022

A complete life cycle analysis (LCA) of a refurbished high-end smartphone in Chile is conducted to find out its environmental impacts and evaluate potential advantages compared to a new one and a modular alternative. The functional unit is defined as the daily use of smartphone for 3 years, including audio, video, and internet. The results show that use and production phase are the most impactful (52,0% and 45,2%, respectively), but phases contribute differently depending on the impact category. It is also found that a refurbished smartphone presents 71% and 60% lower global warming potential than a new version and modular smartphone, respectively. The lower impacts of the refurbished alternative are due to the reutilization of the device avoiding the impacts related to material extraction and device production. However, it is not possible to assess the significance of these differences due to the lack of uncertainty analysis in other studies. In conclusion, refurbishing can avoid extraction and production phases which reduces environmental impacts. Yet, to appropriately compare different circular models, it is imperative to calculate and publish the uncertainty of LCA results.
Life Cycle Assessment of Power-to-Liquid for Aviation: A Case Study of a Passenger Aircraft
Authors: Papantoni Veatriki , Linke Florian , Dahlmann Katrin , Kühlen Markus , Silberhorn Daniel , Brand Urte , Vogt Thomas
Published: May 2022

The aviation sector is estimated to require a widespread deployment of sustainable fuels next to developments in aircraft technology and improvements in operations and infrastructure to efficiently reduce its climate impact. A possible pathway for more sustainable aviation fuels could be fuel production using hydrogen via water electrolysis with renewable energy followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, also known as Power-to-Liquid (PtL). In order to investigate whether this fuel pathway contributes to the reduction in environmental impacts, we conduct an environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compared to fossil fuel for the use in a narrow-body shortto medium-haul aircraft fleet. Within the LCA, the focus lies on the phases of fuel production and operation of the aircraft’s life cycle. Unlike most LCA studies in aviation, the impacts of the flight emissions are computed based on the aircraft characteristics and considering the geographic position and altitude of the aircraft for a global route network. Since the aircraft design is not affected by the fuel types under investigation, the aircraft production and end-of-life phases are not considered in the LCA. This contribution shows the potential of PtL for aviation in a well-to-wake environmental sustainability analysis considering climate change and nine additional impact categories.
Plastic leakage of packaging in Life Cycle Assessment – a theoretical framework
Authors: Scagnetti Carla , Lorenz Manuel
Published: May 2022

The proposed theoretical framework explores how packaging could be assessed from gate-to-grave including the probability to become litter. A growing number of studies have confirmed the omnipresence of plastic pollution. Likewise, it has been revealed that marine litter is mainly caused by poor or insufficient waste management. In this line, the environmental impact of packaging have gained much attention due to significant increase in public awareness. Packaging is often designed for single-use and rapidly transforms into waste after a short life-time. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) practitioners who assess packaging will need a framework to determine the probability and percentage of packaging material that becomes litter. Currently the available end-of-life scenarios to model the fate of packaging are: recycling, incineration and disposal in landfill. With the estimation of packaging litter potential and littering as an end-of-life scenario, the life cycle inventory flows of pollution can be determined. A framework like this can be adopted by LCA practitioners and decision-makers, it can enable fairer and more realistic LCA comparisons of packaging, and it can help prioritize regulatory action as well as choices within companies.
Biodiversity Impact Assessment of Land Using Processes in the Supply Chain of Passenger Cars
Authors: Quandt Julian , Lindner Jan Paul , Schüler Maximilian
Published: May 2022

Biodiversity loss has been recognized as one of the major global challenges of current and future society. Land-using processes have been found to be among the most important direct drivers for biodiversity loss. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has established itself as a standardized tool for measuring environmental impacts of products and processes. However, there is no clear consensus on the integration of land-use related impacts on biodiversity in LCA-frameworks due to a lack of methodological guidance, suitable datasets and experience in real-world applications. Closing these gaps could enable political institutions and companies to determine the effects of their products on biodiversity over the entire life cycle. In this study, a method, aiming to integrate the biodiversity impact in LCA, is successfully applied on a product with a complex supply chain. A suitable dataset of the material composition of a modern electric vehicle adapted to match the specifications of the Volkswagen ID.3 is developed. To estimate land use requirements of five important metals a GIS-based approach is elaborated. 164 mines covering an area of 4,123 km2 in eight different countries are inspected by means of satellite imagery and enhanced with data from industrial reports to build suitable datasets for the impact assessment. Based on these datasets, five unit processes are developed and applied to the VW ID.3 model. The results indicate that cobalt, lithium and copper account for the major biodiversity impact among the assessed metals. A scenario analysis reveals a biodiversity impact reduction potential of at least 23%. To the best knowledge of the authors, this study presents the first biodiversity impact assessment in the supply chain of a modern vehicle. The datasets, the application example and the workflow developed and applied in this study can serve as methodological guidance to support LCA-practitioners and researchers in the integration and application of biodiversity impacts in LCA-frameworks and LCA-studies. Thus, it supplements existing indicators in a meaningful way and makes them usable for future LCA studies.
Challenges to quantify the life cycle carbon footprint of buildings in Chile
Authors: Wiche Pia , Rodríguez Droguett Bárbara , Granato Danilo
Published: May 2022

This study identifies key challenges to measure the carbon footprint (CF) over the whole life cycle of buildings in Chile, although its findings are also applicable to other countries. This paper presents four of the said challenges that emerge from the analysis of certification programs, design guides, databases, CF/LCA calculators, standards, and Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) programs worldwide. The four challenges are: (i) a sustainable governance for the carbon footprint system which ensures CF quality, enables regular updates of the data, and has guaranteed funding, (ii) adoption of the system by industry, (iii) standardization of reporting, and (iv) standardization of measurements over the full life cycle. An MRV appears as the best option to coordinate multiple actors and data needs; however, it requires a sustainable governance model as well as widespread adoption. Such an MRV would need a common reporting system. However, comparability may be compromised due to a lack of consensus on which standard to follow in the industry and on definitions for basic building measurements, such as area. The reporting system must be based on a standardized tool, i.e., a CF calculator for buildings. Many of these exist; however, they differ in a fundamental aspect: whether they are used to guide low carbon design or to certify carbon emissions by buildings. Finally, the calculator will need an agreed upon methodology. Although several standards exist, one must be chosen, updated and deployed. Some countries may be more advanced than others on these challenges, but none have solved them completely. A concerted effort would be best to reduce the CF of the construction sector globally.
Environmental consequences of policies in construction sector: combining economic simulation with consequential LCA
Authors: Almeida Denise T.L. , Charbuillet Carole , Marotte Charlotte , Lebert Alexandra , Perry Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Consequential Life Cycle Assessment (CLCA) can be particularly relevant for studying the changes proposed by new policies since they may result in important displacements of environmental, social and economic impacts. For example, the financial aids for encouraging the use of new technologies may increase the demand for some materials of which production is constrained and the marginal suppliers may be more impacting than the average ones. The goal of this project was to propose a method for calculating the potential environmental burdens and benefits from new policies in the construction sector. Consequential Life Cycle Inventory must include all processes that are actually affected by the studied changes, considering the market effects. The economic models can be helpful on this matter. The proposed method couples a Stock-Flow Consistent (SFC) to the CLCA methodology to obtain the flows and stocks that are affected by the new policy. The model goes further in order to obtain the second-order effects, i.e., the monetary redistribution effects resulting from an economic perturbation. The main result is a novel method that couples an SFC model to CLCA. It is tested in a case study where the evolution of carbon tax in France (economic shock) leads to an increase in thermal retrofitting works in the French existing built stock. These results may help the construction sector to anticipate important rebound effects that are not usually included in the current studies used for decision and policy-making.
Stochastic comparative LCA of smart buildings
Authors: Pannier Marie-Lise , Remoué Thomas , Bigaud David
Published: May 2022

Driven by the energy and digital transitions, the concept of smart buildings is gaining importance. In most cases, these buildings are designed with the aim of reducing the consumption of energy resources during the operation phase, while improving the occupants’ comfort and safety. However, smart sensors and actuators themselves have impacts on other environmental indicators and life cycle stages. In this work, the environmental performances of a smart multifamily house and of a standard one are compared using both dynamic building energy simulations and life cycle assessments (LCA). Two insulation levels are possible for the building and the alternatives’ comparison includes uncertainties and variabilities related to occupancy. It turns out that smart building has less impacts than conventional one over their entire life cycle, but their benefit decreases when the level of insulation increases.
Rating, Credit Decision and Pricing - How Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessments are Changing Credit Practice
Authors: Ender Manuela , Wimmer Konrad , Ilg Robert , Albrecht Stefan , Fischer Matthias , Sedlbauer Klaus
Published: May 2022

Investment decisions by bank customers are increasingly linked to the demand for green investments. Without a meaningful life-cycle costing approach, the danger remains that both bank and customer are exposed to the risk of green washing. The same applies to lending decisions: here, the bank must ultimately assess the business model of the borrower as well as the subject of the loan. Without monetary integration of environmental indicators, the existing rating systems lose their ability to make accurate assessments of creditworthiness. Investment objects like real estate would be assessed with incorrect market values and, accordingly, the lending decision would be based on inadequate data. Based on this, the practice of lending is facing considerable adjustments.
Development of a methodology from LCA to a multi-criteria approach: application to electricity transition in France
Authors: Hartmann Didier , Teixeira Maxime
Published: May 2022

Climate change should trigger the development of concrete arguments to justify the choice of the best energy mix, which is not the same depending on the countries involved. Life cycle assessment (LCA) uses tools that can help to define a successful energy transition, from an environmental perspective, by including a large panel of indicators. An LCA of the different sources of electricity was performed based on inventories from literature, leading to an environmental ranking of the different energies through endpoints. Four examples of energy transition scenarios corresponding to different energy demands up to 2050 were chosen for France, and compared in terms of LCA. Several multicriteria indicators were proposed for a new methodology to follow a sustainable development strategy, i.e. including economic and social parameters. The scenarios were submitted to a multicriteria sustainable assessment in order to obtain a ranking based on tuneable parameters, depending on different stakeholders’ viewpoints.
greenBIM, a BIM-based LCA integration using a circular approach based on the example of the Swiss sustainability standard Minergie-ECO
Authors: Naneva Anita
Published: May 2022

There exist hundreds of sustainability certifications for the built environment. The number is expected to rise as the focus on environmental issues increases. However, these certificates are usually carried further through linear-based approaches in a late building phase. They are disconnected from the design practice, while, as shown by the ‘MacLeamy Curve’, design decisions made earlier in the building process strongly affect positive outcomes. As a result, decision-making metrics are limited and the related improvements of the building concepts are minimized. There is an opportunity to bring forward sustainability certifications metrics and benchmarks in a digital built environment. Here, a proof-of-concept of such a circular approach is presented, using the Swiss sustainability standard Minergie-ECO as an example. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) calculations are implemented in a digital form, namely Building Information Modelling (BIM). The BIM-LCA integration demonstrates that current prevalent linear approaches can be further refined and turned into circular ones. Hence, the time and effort for their implementation are reduced, and decision-making information is brought in a structured and visual form. Moreover, architects and planners are enabled to apply sustainability metrics in their processes.
High-quality recycling through self-learning and resilient recycling networks using a combination of agent-based modelling and life cycle assessment
Authors: Brinkmann Tobias , Steinfeldt Michael , Arndt Carmen , Carstens Anna , Spuziak-Salzenberg Detlef
Published: May 2022

Especially in the case of long-lived products, the crucial questions about the proper implementation and assurance of high-quality recycling targets often only arise after decades. Furthermore, information about material composition is often not sufficiently known and communicated to the end user. With the presented extended socio-technical approach of a self-learning and resilient recycling network, which should include manufacturers and operators of wind farms, dismantlers, waste processors and recyclers, as well as authorities and players from research and development, such problems can be adequately addressed. On the one hand, this requires knowledge tools to ensure a high-quality material cycle, such as databases in which installed products and their characteristic values for the masses and materials used are documented. In addition, material flow modeling to track material flows generated for the end-of-life (EoL) of products including life cycle assessments of recycling and disposal routes, as well as forecasting tools for expected waste volumes are needed. On the other hand, a simulation tool such as agent-based modeling (ABM) is also needed to map courses of action and their impacts, taking into account stakeholders’ interests in terms of target formulation of the recycling network. The example of wind turbine rotor blades is used to show how such an approach can be used for a meaningful recycling network, which supports the operator responsibility of wind farms as well as the extended producer responsibility of wind turbines with regard to sustainable recycling of long-lived products. The developed tools and especially their active combination are presented. In addition, the example of rotor blades is used to present the concrete possibilities for resource-saving control of the material flows.
Creating impact by integrating the SDGs in a company strategy
Authors: Morão Ana , Visser Diana
Published: May 2022

Aiming at integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in its corporate strategy, the company Corbion has developed and performed an impact assessment consisting of three steps: 1) Product and supply chain SDG impact assessment 2) Prioritization and 3) Target setting. As an outcome of this assessment, the company has chosen to focus on SDG 2, SDG 3 and SDG 12 as the goals on which it can make the most significant impact. The company aims for 80% of its revenues to contribute to these SDGs by 2030 and targets to minimize potential negative impacts of the value chain were set. The progress towards these targets is monitored and included in the company annual report.
Investigating the integration between life cycle thinking, green chemistry principles and sustainability policies
Authors: Camana Daniela , Toniolo Sara , Manzardo Alessandro
Published: May 2022

Green chemistry and life cycle assessment are two methodologies used in environmental studies, both theoretically and practically. The purpose of this analysis was to assess whether and how green chemistry principles could be integrated into the life cycle assessment methodology and to local and international industrial policies to achieve sustainability goals at the territorial level. First, some contributions that life-cycle thinking gives to green chemistry and vice versa are proposed, based on existing research. Data are provided using tables to summarise contents and graphs to outline interconnections, also considering the four steps of life cycle assessment, showing some available references of previous studies. Secondly, some possible points of integration between the 12 principles of green chemistry and environmental policies are listed. For each principle of green chemistry, a possible integration with international and local strategies is proposed. A list of references that might be useful to investigate possible patterns of study for territorial and industrial uses, is provided too. The results show that life cycle thinking and green chemistry can be integrated into theoretical and practical case studies, since many interconnections exist. These interconnections permit one to use the best characteristics of each method to improve the reliability of the other method and, finally, to solve environmental, industrial, and engineering problems with a more comprehensive approach. In addition, green chemistry principles can be easily associated with main environmental policies at the international, national, regional, and local levels. This allows one to use results, knowledge, and expertise of the green chemistry framework and apply them to industries, territories, and communities. The similarities highlighted in this analysis need further investigation in future studies since they can help decision making process in sustainability policies.
Modelling of radioactive dust for dose calculations with stochastic geometries
Authors: Bonin Alice , Zammataro Matteo , Larmier Coline
Published: May 2022

Stochastic geometries in Monte-Carlo simulations enable to simulate complex configurations such as the repartition of possible radioactive dust in a glove box. This paper compares several dust models that represent more or less explicitly the heterogeneous repartition of dust speckles in space. Indeed, assessing the contribution of dust to the dose received by the hands of an operator is a key problem for glove boxes. Results show that homogeneous models generally overestimate the dose, which is correct for radioprotection studies, but that dust aggregates produce doses that are much smaller than those obtained by homogenising dust. These heterogeneous models can also help estimating deposited dust quantities from dose measurements inside the glove box, whereas an homogenous model would grossly underestimate dust quantity.
Spectral instability of small-amplitude periodic waves for hyperbolic non-Fickian diffusion advection models with logistic source
Authors: Álvarez Enrique , Murillo Ricardo , Plaza Ramón G.
Published: May 2022

A hyperbolic model for diffusion, nonlfnear transport (or advection) and production of a scalar quantity, is considered. The model is based on a constitutive law of Cattaneo-Maxwell type expressing non-Fickian diffusion by means of a relaxation time relation. The production or source term is assumed to be of logistic type. This paper studies the existence and spectral stability properties of spatially periodic traveling wave solutions to this system. It is shown that a family of subcharacteristic periodic waves emerges from a local Hopf bifurcation around a critical value of the wave speed. These waves have bounded fundamental period and small-amplitude. In addition, it is shown that these waves are spectrally unstable as solutions to the hyperbolic system. For that purpose, it is proved that the Floquet spectrum of the linearized operator around a wave can be approximated by a linear operator whose point spectrum intersects the unstable half plane of complex numbers with positive real part.
Les services écosystémiques culturels rendus par les zones humides protégées en Méditerranée : élaboration d’un indicateur de suivi
Authors: Requier-Desjardins Mélanie , Chazée Laurent , Khechimi Wided , Anougmar Soukaina , Garrabé Michel
Published: May 2022

Cette recherche cible l’élaboration d’un indicateur multicritère des services écosystémiques culturels (SEC) des zones humides méditerranéennes protégées. Basé sur les perceptions sociales des visiteurs, il vise la mesure de l’impact de la visite. Sa structure indicielle est adossée aux approches multi-capitaux. Avec un indice moyen de 0.68 obtenu sur 19 sites méditerranéens, cet impact sur le bien-être est indéniable. L’amélioration de cette valeur passe par un renforcement de l’impact humain des visites. Renforcer les effets de la visite dépend des aménagements proposés sur les sites. En effet, les services naturels et construits dans un écosystème doivent se renforcer mutuellement pour créer des impacts sur le bien-être des visiteurs. À l’échelle des sites, les choix locaux de gestion stratégique et la politique nationale environnementale déterminent le niveau des différents capitaux de l’indicateur.
Interferometry with optical frequency combs
Authors: Picqué Nathalie , Hänsch Theodor W.
Published: May 2022

A frequency comb, a spectrum of equidistant phase-coherent laser lines, can be harnessed for new approaches to interferometry. The dual-comb interferometer exploits the time-domain interference between two combs of slightly different line spacing. The instrument, which performs direct frequency measurements over a broad spectral bandwidth, opens up new perspectives in applications such as spectroscopy, distance metrology or holography.
Former et évaluer par concordance : des modalités éducatives complémentaires
Authors: Charlin Bernard , Fernandez Nicolas
Published: May 2022

Contexte et problématique : Les évaluations et les formations par concordance sont deux modalités éducatives qui reposent sur un cadre conceptuel commun illustré par la façon de poser les questions qui est commune à l’une et l’autre. Exégèse : Cette tribune plaide pour dire qu’il s’agit d’un couple dont les deux composantes sont optimisées si elles sont utilisées l’une et l’autre et qu’il est illogique de mettre en place le volet évaluation sans faire percevoir aux étudiants préalablement l’utilité du volet formation pour les faire progresser dans leur raisonnement. Enfin, la place que tient l’incertitude en matière de formation et évaluation par concordance est analysée.
Some Metric Properties of Sets Related to Luroth Expansion
Authors: DENG Jiang , WU Yuhan
Published: May 2022

This paper is mainly concerned with scrambled sets for Luroth map. It is shown that all scrambled sets have null Lebesgue measure and there exists a scrambled set with full Hausdorff dimension.
Energy Internet and Its Trusted Protection Architecture
Authors: WANG Haixiang , CAO Jingyi , LIU Zhe
Published: May 2022

Through the combination of new energy and Internet technology, the Energy Internet deeply integrates various complex network systems such as power, transportation and natural gas, aiming to change the energy utilization model and promote the sustainable development of economy and society. The Energy Internet takes the power grid as the "Backbone Network" , integrating the autonomous units of distributed energy, and integrating information and energy through the open-peer information and energy integration architecture. Information interaction scenarios of the Energy Internet information interaction scenarios include "human-object" , "human-human" and "object-object" . In this new interconnection mechanism environment, the lack of any security defenses may leave the Energy Internet exposed to the risk of information leakage, theft and loss, resulting in immeasurable losses. From "human-object" , "object-object" and "human-human" interaction scenarios, the paper puts forward fine-grained access control mechanism, trusted computing environment building in IoT devices and trusted communication channel construction, and designs a trusted protection architecture for the Energy Internet to ensure the data security throughout its life cycle. We verify that the proposed architecture can provide trusted environment for the Energy Internet.
Antitumor Response of Anti-B7-H3 CAR-T Cells with Humanized scFv in Solid Tumors
Authors: SI Ke , XU Huantian , YE Zheng , JAFFAR ALI Doulathunnisa , HE Cong , DING Bo , YUAN Shubin , DAI Zhu , LI Zhanping , SUN Bo , SHEN Yang , XIAO Zhongdang
Published: May 2022

We prepared a humanized alternative B7-H3 CAR (B7-H3-haCAR-T) targeting B7-H3 which contained the humanized singl-chain varinlde fragment (scFv) from humanized 8H9 Monoclonal Antibody (hu8H9mAb). The antitumor effects of B7-H3-haCAR-T cells were evaluated in B7-H3 overexpressed tumor cells (in vitro) and B7-H3 xenograft models (in vivo). The specific tumour killing ability of B7-H3-haCAR-T in overexpressing B7-H3 tumour cells was verified by cytotoxicity and ELISA tests. In addition, B7-H3 haCAR-T cells were also noted to suppress the tumour growth remarkably well in the xenograft murine models, and the survival time in the haCAR-T cell treatment group was appreciably longer than that in the control group. The specific recognition and highly efficient tumoricidal behavior of B7-H3 haCAR-T provide a basis for future clinical studies with humanized scFv-transduced CAR-T cells targeting solid tumors.
Adjusting for animal sensitivity to Arctic shipping noise
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2022

Because marine mammals are sensitive to different sound frequencies, the impact of anthropogenic noise changes by species.
Foundations for Bayesian inference with engineered likelihood functions for robust amplitude estimation
Authors: Koh Dax Enshan , Wang Guoming , Johnson Peter D. , Cao Yudong
Published: May 2022

We present mathematical and conceptual foundations for the task of robust amplitude estimation using engineered likelihood functions (ELFs), a framework introduced by Wang et al. [PRX Quantum 2, 010346 (2021)] that uses Bayesian inference to enhance the rate of information gain in quantum sampling. These ELFs, which are obtained by choosing tunable parameters in a parametrized quantum circuit to minimize the expected posterior variance of an estimated parameter, play an important role in estimating the expectation values of quantum observables. We give a thorough characterization and analysis of likelihood functions arising from certain classes of quantum circuits and combine this with the tools of Bayesian inference to give a procedure for picking optimal ELF tunable parameters. Finally, we present numerical results to demonstrate the performance of ELFs.
Clebsch representation of relativistic plasma and generalized enstrophy
Authors: Nunotani Keiichiro , Yoshida Zensho
Published: May 2022

The theory of relativistic plasmas is attracting interest as a model of high-energy astronomical objects. The topological constraints, built in the governing equations, play an essential role in characterizing the structures of plasmas. Among various invariants of ideal models, the circulation is one of the most fundamental quantities, being included in other invariants like the helicity. The conventional enstrophy, known to be constant in a two-dimensional flow, can be generalized, by invoking Clebsch variables, to the topological charge of a three-dimensional fluid element, which essentially measures circulations. Since the relativistic effect imparts space-time coupling into the metric, such invariants must be modified. The non-relativistic generalized enstrophy is no longer conserved in a relativistic plasma, implying that the conservation of circulation is violated. In this work, we extend the generalized enstrophy to a Lorentz covariant form. We formulate the Clebsch representation in relativity using the principle of least action and derive a relativistically modified generalized enstrophy that is conserved in the relativistic model.
Silicon meets group-II metals in energy and electronic applications—How to handle reactive sources for high-quality films and bulk crystals
Authors: Suemasu T. , Hara K. O. , Udono H. , Imai M.
Published: May 2022

In the present advanced information society, the group IV element Si is inevitably used for various high-performance devices, such as transistors and solar cells. When Si meets group-II elements such as Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba, semiconducting silicides are formed, which are applicable to energy conversion devices such as thin-film solar cells and thermoelectric devices. In this Tutorial, we focus on two representative typical semiconducting silicides among them: Mg2Si and BaSi2 composed of earth-abundant elements. Mg2Si has been extensively studied for light-weight high-performance thermoelectric devices, whereas BaSi2 has been studied for thin-film solar cells, and recently has also been attracting attention as a thermoelectric material. However, these group-II elements are highly reactive with oxygen and water. Thus, we need to be careful when handling these elements. In this Tutorial, we provide guidance on how to handle these group-II elements and their compounds in an easy-to-understand manner for beginners. In addition, we introduce thin-film growth and bulk growth techniques, as well as the points to be considered when characterizing these materials.
Effect of shape of frontbody and afterbody on flow past a stationary cylinder at Re = 100
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Pandey Avinash Kumar , Bhardwaj Rajneesh
Published: May 2022

We numerically study the effect of the shape of frontbody and afterbody on the flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100. Two-dimensional simulations have been carried out using an in-house sharp-interface immersed boundary method-based flow solver. The cylinder cross section is considered as a semi ellipse on both windward and leeward sides. The semi-minor axis on the windward side (frontbody parameter, LF) and the leeward side (afterbody parameter, LA) varies from 0 to 0.5 to render cylinders of different cross sections. The effect of LF and LA is quantified on the following variables: drag coefficient, lift coefficient, the Strouhal number, vortex formation length, vortex fluctuation energy, the flow separation point, and cylinder bluffness. While the drag linearly decreases with both LF and LA, the gradient with respect to LF is nearly twice larger than LA. The computed vortex formation length scales directly with drag in the LF-LA plane, while the vortex fluctuation energy scales inversely. The lift and the Strouhal number vary non-monotonically in the LF-LA plane, explained in terms of vortex formation length and the flow separation point, respectively. We briefly quantify wake signatures in the LF-LA plane. The downstream vortex paths are traced, and in general, two vortex shedding patterns, 2S and C(2S), are correlated with values of LF and LA. A dynamic mode decomposition analysis of the flow modes helps to explain the computed fluid-flow characteristics.
Iron bio-fortification and heavy metal/(loid)s contamination in cereals: successes, issues, and challenges
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Irfan , Zia ur Rehman Muhammad , Aziz Tariq , Akmal Fatima , Azhar Muhammad , Nadeem Faisal , Aslam Mustansar , Siddiqui Ayesha , Khalid Muhammad Awais
Published: May 2022

Biofortification of micronutrients, particularly of the iron (Fe) in cereals, is a viable, attractive, and sustainable strategy to cope with malnutrition as cereals are the major staple diets, particularly in developing countries. Increased concentrations of heavy metal/(loid)s (HMs); i.e. cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) etc. in agricultural soils is an increasing and serious challenge, posing severe health problems through food chain contamination. Accumulation of HMs in plants is challenging and contrasts to the development of biofortification strategies to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Agricultural biofortification strategies aim to increase plant uptake of mineral nutrients from soil and the translocation/storage of micronutrients to edible portions of cereal grains. However, it also means that any strategy to increase the uptake of Fe in plants may result in increased uptake of other toxic HMs. Therefore, the issue of HM contamination in cereals needs further understanding. This review describes the advancements in Fe biofortification strategies and the conflicting issue of HM accumulation in the grain of cereals.