bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RBCK1 is an endogenous inhibitor for triple negative breast cancer via hippo/YAP axis
Authors: Li Zhongbo , Su Peng , Ding Yinlu , Gao Honglei , Yang Huijie , Li Xin , Yang Xiao , Xia Yan , Zhang Chenmiao , Fu Mingxi , Wang Dehai , Zhang Ye , Zhuo Shu , Zhu Jian , Zhuang Ting
Published: October 2022

Background

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal breast cancer subtypes. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic targets, chemotherapy is still the main medical treatment for TNBC patients. Thus, it is important and necessary to find new therapeutic targets for TNBC. Recent genomic studies implicated the Hippo / Yap signal is over activated in TNBC, manifesting it plays a key role in TNBC carcinogenesis and cancer progression. RBCK1 was firstly identified as an important component for linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) and facilitates NFKB signaling in immune response. Further studies showed RBCK1 also facilitated luminal type breast cancer growth and endocrine resistance via trans-activation estrogen receptor alpha.

Methods

RBCK1 and YAP protein expression levels were measured by western blotting, while the mRNA levels of YAP target genes were measured by RT–PCR. RNA sequencing data were analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Identification of Hippo signaling activity was accomplished with luciferase assays, RT–PCR and western blotting. Protein stability assays and ubiquitin assays were used to detect YAP protein degradation. Ubiquitin-based immunoprecipitation assays were used to detect the specific ubiquitination modification on the YAP protein.

Results

In our current study, our data revealed an opposite function for RBCK1 in TNBC progression. RBCK1 over-expression inhibited TNBC cell progression in vitro and in vivo, while RBCK1 depletion promoted TNBC cell invasion. The whole genomic expression profiling showed that RBCK1 depletion activated Hippo/YAP axis. RBCK1 depletion increased YAP protein level and Hippo target gene expression in TNBC. The molecular biology studies confirmed that RBCK1 could bind to YAP protein and enhance the stability of YAP protein by promoting YAP K48-linked poly-ubiquitination at several YAP lysine sites (K76, K204 and K321).

Conclusion

Our study revealed the multi-faced RBCK1 function in different subtypes of breast cancer patients and a promising therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
Patients’ view on gene therapy development for lysosomal storage disorders: a qualitative study
Authors: Eskes Eline C. B. , Beishuizen Cathrien R. L. , Corazolla Eleonore M. , van Middelaar Tessa , Brands Marion M. M. G. , Dekker Hanka , van de Mheen Erica , Langeveld Mirjam , Hollak Carla E. M. , Sjouke Barbara
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Several new treatment modalities are being developed for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), including gene therapy. As the currently available treatment options and their influence on disease progression differ greatly within the spectrum of LSDs, willingness to undergo gene therapy might vary among patients with LSDs and/or their representatives. The width of the LSD spectrum is illustrated by the differences between type 1 Gaucher disease, Fabry disease and Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III). For type 1 Gaucher and Fabry disease several therapies are available, resulting in a near normal or improved, but individually varying, prognosis. No treatment options are available for MPS III.

Aim

To identify factors influencing patients’ and/or their representatives’ decisions regarding undergoing gene therapy.

Methods

Focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, Fabry disease and MPS III. Parents of MPS III patients were included as patients’ representatives.

Results

Nine Gaucher patients, 23 Fabry patients, two adult MPS III patients and five parents of MPS III patients participated in the study. The five main themes that arose were: outcome of gene therapy, risks and side effects, burden of gene therapy treatment, current situation and ethical aspects. Participants’ views ranged from hesitance to eagerness to undergo gene therapy, which seemed to be mostly related to disease severity and currently available treatment options. Severe disease, limited treatment options and limited effectiveness of current treatment augmented the willingness to choose gene therapy. Gaucher and Fabry patients deemed the burden of treatment important. Fabry and MPS III patients and parents considered outcome important, suggesting hope for improvement. When asked to rank the factors discussed in the focus group discussions, Gaucher patients ranked outcome low, which could indicate a more cautious attitude towards gene therapy.

Conclusion

This study underlines the importance of exploring patients’ needs and expectations before using limited resources in the development of therapies for patient groups of which a significant subset may not be willing to undergo that specific therapy.
Somatic mosaicism in the diseased brain
Authors: Iourov Ivan Y. , Vorsanova Svetlana G. , Kurinnaia Oxana S. , Kutsev Sergei I. , Yurov Yuri B.
Published: October 2022

It is hard to believe that all the cells of a human brain share identical genomes. Indeed, single cell genetic studies have demonstrated intercellular genomic variability in the normal and diseased brain. Moreover, there is a growing amount of evidence on the contribution of somatic mosaicism (the presence of genetically different cell populations in the same individual/tissue) to the etiology of brain diseases. However, brain-specific genomic variations are generally overlooked during the research of genetic defects associated with a brain disease. Accordingly, a review of brain-specific somatic mosaicism in disease context seems to be required. Here, we overview gene mutations, copy number variations and chromosome abnormalities (aneuploidy, deletions, duplications and supernumerary rearranged chromosomes) detected in the neural/neuronal cells of the diseased brain. Additionally, chromosome instability in non-cancerous brain diseases is addressed. Finally, theoretical analysis of possible mechanisms for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders indicates that a genetic background for formation of somatic (chromosomal) mosaicism in the brain is likely to exist. In total, somatic mosaicism affecting the central nervous system seems to be a mechanism of brain diseases.
Building the capacity of West African countries in Aedes surveillance: inaugural meeting of the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN)
Authors: Dadzie Samuel K. , Akorli Jewelna , Coulibaly Mamadou B. , Ahadji-Dabla Koffi Mensah , Baber Ibrahima , Bobanga Thierry , Boukhary Ali Ould Mohamed Salem , Canelas Tiago , Facchinelli Luca , Gonçalves Adéritow , Guelbeogo Moussa , Kamgang Basile , Keita Ibrahima Kalil , Konan Lucien , Levine Rebecca , Dzuris Nicole , Lenhart Audrey ,   WAASuN contributors, Appawu Maxwell , Ayorinde Dogunro Festus , Boakye Daniel , Diallo Mawlouth , Dinis João , Fayiah John Soleemulo , Hamani Boube , Idam Eloy Emelda , Jorge Cani Pedro , Kandeh Balla , Kanmi Olakiigbe Abiodum , N’Guessan Raphael , Pi-Bansa Sellase , Salem Sidina Mohamed , Sillah Ansumana , Smith Samuel , Toé Hyacinthe , Williams Chrispin , Wilson Michael , Yadouleton Anges
Published: October 2022

Arboviral diseases such as dengue, Zika and chikungunya transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes have been reported in 34 African countries. Available data indicate that in recent years there have been dengue and chikungunya outbreaks in the West Africa subregion, in countries including Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Gabon, Senegal, and Benin. These viral diseases are causing an increased public health burden, which impedes poverty reduction and sustainable development. Aedes surveillance and control capacity, which are key to reducing the prevalence of arboviral infections, need to be strengthened in West Africa, to provide information essential for the formulation of effective vector control strategies and the prediction of arboviral disease outbreaks. In line with these objectives, the West African Aedes Surveillance Network (WAASuN) was created in 2017 at a meeting held in Sierra Leone comprising African scientists working on Aedes mosquitoes. This manuscript describes the proceedings and discusses key highlights of the meeting.

Graphical Abstract
Tick microbial associations at the crossroad of horizontal and vertical transmission pathways
Authors: Krawczyk Aleksandra Iwona , Röttjers Sam , Coimbra-Dores Maria João , Heylen Dieter , Fonville Manoj , Takken Willem , Faust Karoline , Sprong Hein
Published: October 2022

Background

Microbial communities can affect disease risk by interfering with the transmission or maintenance of pathogens in blood-feeding arthropods. Here, we investigated whether bacterial communities vary between Ixodes ricinus nymphs which were or were not infected with horizontally transmitted human pathogens.

Methods

Ticks from eight forest sites were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Babesia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Neoehrlichia mikurensis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and their microbiomes were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Tick bacterial communities clustered poorly by pathogen infection status but better by geography. As a second approach, we analysed variation in tick microorganism community structure (in terms of species co-infection) across space using hierarchical modelling of species communities. For that, we analysed almost 14,000 nymphs, which were tested for the presence of horizontally transmitted pathogens B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum, and N. mikurensis, and the vertically transmitted tick symbionts Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsiella spp., Spiroplasma ixodetis, and CandidatusMidichloria mitochondrii.

Results

With the exception of Rickettsiella spp., all microorganisms had either significant negative (R. helvetica and A. phagocytophilum) or positive (S. ixodetis, N. mikurensis, and B. burgdorferi s.l.) associations with M. mitochondrii. Two tick symbionts, R. helvetica and S. ixodetis, were negatively associated with each other. As expected, both B. burgdorferi s.l. and N. mikurensis had a significant positive association with each other and a negative association with A. phagocytophilum. Although these few specific associations do not appear to have a large effect on the entire microbiome composition, they can still be relevant for tick-borne pathogen dynamics.

Conclusions

Based on our results, we propose that M. mitochondrii alters the propensity of ticks to acquire or maintain horizontally acquired pathogens. The underlying mechanisms for some of these remarkable interactions are discussed herein and merit further investigation.

Graphical Abstract
Neuronal desertification after a direct lightning strike: a case report
Authors: Roman-Pognuz Erik , Moro Edoardo , Macchini Elisabetta , Di Paolo Edoardo , Pesenti Kenneth , Lucangelo Umberto , Bussani Rossana , Baratella Elisa , Pellis Tommaso , Ristagno Giuseppe
Published: October 2022

Background

Lightning strike is a rare but dramatic cause of injury. Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with lightning strike frequently have a high mortality and significant long-term morbidity related to a direct brain injury or induced cardiac arrest (CA).

Case presentation

A 50-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our hospital after being struck by lightning resulting in immediate CA. Spontaneous circulation was initially restored, and the man was admitted to the ICU, but ultimately died while in hospital due to neurological injury. The computer tomography scan revealed a massive loss of grey-white matter differentiation at the fronto-temporal lobes bilaterally. Somatosensory-evoked potentials demonstrated bilateral absence of the cortical somatosensory N20-potential, and the electroencephalogram recorded minimal cerebral electrical activity. The patient died on day 10 and a post-mortem study revealed a widespread loss of neurons.

Conclusion

This case study illustrates severe brain injury caused by a direct lighting strike, with the patient presenting an extraordinary microscopic pattern of neuronal desertification.
Isolated giant renal hydatid cyst with a simple renal cyst appearance: a case report
Authors: Hammade Mohammed , Alhoulaiby Sami , Ahmed Adnan
Published: October 2022

Background

Isolated renal hydatid cysts of the kidney are a rare occurrence that account for about 2–3% of all hydatidoses. They can stay asymptomatic for years and could have a variable presentation on imaging techniques, which results in a challenging diagnostic process.

Case presentation

We report a 22-year-old Caucasian male with a large cyst on the upper pole of the left kidney that had no septations nor membrane calcifications on computed tomography, which led to mistakenly considering it a simple renal cyst. The true diagnosis was identified intraoperatively and proven postoperatively by pathology.

Conclusions

This case highlights the importance of keeping echinococcosis in mind when treating suspected renal cysts and tumors to avoid incorrect treatment and possible content spillage, anaphylaxis, and peritoneal dissemination.
A fingerprints based molecular property prediction method using the BERT model
Authors: Wen Naifeng , Liu Guanqun , Zhang Jie , Zhang Rubo , Fu Yating , Han Xu
Published: October 2022

Molecular property prediction (MPP) is vital in drug discovery and drug reposition. Deep learning-based MPP models capture molecular property-related features from various molecule representations. In this paper, we propose a molecule sequence embedding and prediction model facing with MPP task. We pre-trained a bi-directional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT) encoder to obtain the semantic representation of compound fingerprints, called Fingerprints-BERT (FP-BERT), in a self-supervised learning manner. Then, the encoded molecular representation by the FP-BERT is input to the convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract higher-level abstract features, and the predicted properties of the molecule are finally obtained through fully connected layer for distinct classification or regression MPP tasks. Comparison with the baselines shows that the proposed model achieves high prediction performance on all of the classification tasks and regression tasks.
The quartic Catmull–Rom spline with local adjustability and its shape optimization
Authors: Li Juncheng , Liu Chengzhi , Liu Shanjun
Published: October 2022

Parametric interpolatory curves play a vital part in geometric modeling. Cubic Catmull–Rom spline is a well-known tool for constructing parametric interpolatory curves, but it cannot be modified once its control points are fixed. We propose a novel quartic Catmull–Rom spline with free parameters to tackle this issue. The quartic Catmull–Rom spline owns shape adjustability based on inheriting the features of the cubic Catmull–Rom spline. Some modeling examples show that the shape of the quartic Catmull–Rom spline can realize both global adjustment and local adjustment by changing the free parameters. In addition, we give three schemes for optimizing the shape of the quartic Catmull–Rom spline, which can generate the spline with minimal internal energy, the shape-preserving spline, and the monotonicity-preserving spline. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed schemes are effective and the quartic Catmull–Rom spline is more practical than the cubic Catmull–Rom spline in data interpolation.
Hypoxic-induced resting ventilatory and circulatory responses under multistep hypoxia is related to decline in peak aerobic capacity in hypoxia
Authors: Horiuchi Masahiro , Dobashi Shohei , Kiuchi Masataka , Fukuoka Yoshiyuki , Koyama Katsuhiro
Published: October 2022

Background

Several factors have been shown to contribute to hypoxic-induced declined in aerobic capacity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of resting hypoxic ventilatory and cardiac responses (HVR and HCR) on hypoxic-induced declines in peak oxygen uptake ($$\dot{\mathrm V}$$

V
˙

O2peak).

Methods

Peak oxygen uptakes was measured in normobaric normoxia (room air) and hypoxia (14.1% O2) for 10 young healthy men. The resting HVR and HCR were evaluated at multiple steps of hypoxia (1 h at each of 21, 18, 15 and 12% O2). Arterial desaturation (ΔSaO2) was calculate by the difference between SaO2 at normoxia—at each level of hypoxia (%). HVR was calculate by differences in pulmonary ventilation between normoxia and each level of hypoxia against ΔSaO2 (L min−1 %−1 kg−1). Similarly, HCR was calculated by differences in heart rate between normoxia and each level of hypoxia against ΔSaO2 (beats min−1 %−1).

Results

$$\dot{\mathrm V}$$

V
˙

O2peak significantly decreased in hypoxia by 21% on average (P < 0.001). HVR was not associated with changes in $$\dot{\mathrm V}$$

V
˙

O2peak. ΔSaO2 from normoxia to 18% or 15% O2 and HCR between normoxia and 12% O2 were associated with changes in $$\dot{\mathrm V}$$

V
˙

O2peak (P < 0.05, respectively). The most optimal model using multiple linear regression analysis found that ΔHCR at 12% O2 and ΔSaO2 at 15% O2 were explanatory variables (adjusted R2 = 0.580, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

These results suggest that arterial desaturation at moderate hypoxia and heart rate responses at severe hypoxia may account for hypoxic-induced declines in peak aerobic capacity, but ventilatory responses may be unrelated.
Profiling ATM regulated genes in Drosophila at physiological condition and after ionizing radiation
Authors: Liu Jun , Jin Tianyu , Ran Lanxi , Zhao Ze , Zhu Rui , Xie Gangcai , Bi Xiaolin
Published: October 2022

Background

ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) protein kinase is highly conserved in metazoan, and plays a critical role at DNA damage response, oxidative stress, metabolic stress, immunity, RNA biogenesis etc. Systemic profiling of ATM regulated genes, including protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, will greatly improve our understanding of ATM functions and its regulation. 

Results

1) differentially expressed protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs in atm mutated flies were identified at physiological condition and after X-ray irradiation. 2) functions of differentially expressed genes in atm mutated flies, regardless of protein-coding genes or non-coding RNAs, are closely related with metabolic process, immune response, DNA damage response or oxidative stress. 3) these phenomena are persistent after irradiation. 4) there is a cross-talk regulation towards miRNAs by ATM, E2f1, and p53 during development and after irradiation. 5) knock-out flies or knock-down flies of most irradiation-induced miRNAs were sensitive to ionizing radiation.

Conclusions

We provide a valuable resource of protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, for understanding ATM functions and regulations. Our work provides the new evidence of inter-dependence among ATM-E2F1-p53 for the regulation of miRNAs.
Malnutrition, anaemia and anisocytosis as public health problems among children ≤ 5 years living in malaria perennial transmission areas of Mount Cameroon: a cross sectional study
Authors: Teh Rene Ning , Sumbele Irene Ule Ngole , Nkeudem Gillian Asoba , Sandie Sorelle Mekachie , Sama Sharon Odmia , Metuge Samuel , Kimbi Helen Kuokuo
Published: October 2022

Background

Anaemia, anisocytosis, malnutrition (especially stunting) are common health problems in developing countries with children being the most vulnerable. These conditions have negative impacts on human performance, growth and development, and can further be complicated if comorbidity exists within a holoendemic stratum with strong and perennial malaria parasite transmission such as the Mount Cameroon area. The study aimed at determining the prevalence and severity malnutrition, anaemia and anisocytosis in children ≤ 5 years, living in the conflict hit malaria perennial transmission zone of the Mount Cameroon area.

Method

A cross-sectional community-based survey involving 628 children ≤ 5 years was conducted. Malaria parasitaemia was confirmed by Giemsa-stained microscopy and the density was log transformed. Haemoglobin (Hb), mean cell volume and red blood cell distribution width were estimated using an auto-haematology analyser and defined according to WHO standards. Anthropometric indices were analysed and compared with WHO growth reference standards using WHO Anthro software.

Results

Plasmodium infection, anaemia, microcytic anaemia, anisocytosis and stunting were prevalent in 36.0, 72.8, 30.1, 54.1 and 29.0% of the children, respectively. The ≤ 24 months children were more moderately stunted (14.7%), with higher prevalence of microcytic anaemia (38.8%) and anisocytosis (68.8%) (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively) when compared with the older children. The mean Hb level in the study population was 10.04 g/dL with children ≤ 24 months having the least mean haemoglobin level (9.69 g/dL) when compared with their older counterparts at P < 0.001. The odds of having anisocytosis were highest among children who were malnourished (OR = 4.66, P = 0.005), those infected with malaria parasites (OR = 1.85, P = 0.007), and whose parents had a primary (OR = 3.51, P = 0.002) and secondary levels of education (OR = 2.69, P = 0.017).

Conclusion

Malaria, anaemia, anisocytosis and undernutrition still remain severe public health concerns among children ≤ 60 months in the Mount Cameroon area. This therefore emphasizes the need for the implementation of consistent policies, programmes and activities to avoid malaria, anaemia, anisocytosis and stunting in the paediatric age group.
Influence of functionalized S–SBR on silica–filled rubber compound properties
Authors: Yamada Chigusa , Yasumoto Atsushi , Matsushita Tadashi , Blume Anke
Published: October 2022

Styrene–butadiene–Rubber, SBR, is most often used in tread compounds in order to improve the Rolling Resistance (RR). The functionalized SBRs are used to increase the polymer–filler interaction in the compound to improve RR. In this study, the effect of different types of functional groups in SBR was investigated. Several types of functionalized S–SBR’s were synthesized by anionic polymerization: (i) SBR with an amine group at one end of the polymer chain, (ii) SBR with an alkoxy silane group at one end (iii) SBR with an amine group at one end and an alkoxy silane group at the other end of the polymer chain. A model reaction of silanization was conducted in a solvent to estimate how the amine functional group affects the silanization. Silica filled compounds were prepared with these SBR types. Payne effect and bound rubber measurement were done. The model silanization reaction of TESPT (Bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide) with silica in the presence of amine shows that a higher amount of ethanol (EtOH) is released from TESPT compared to the amine free system. This result indicates that the silanization reaction can be accelerated by the presence of an amine functional group at the SBR polymer chain used in silica–filled compounds. The amine functionalized SBR and the alkoxy silane functionalized SBR show less Payne effect of the compounds which indicates that both functional groups can decrease the filler–filler interaction. More chemical bound rubber was obtained in branched SBRs compared to the corresponding linear SBRs. A branched polymer chain has a higher molecular weight compared to the linear type. Therefore, when one branched polymer chain reacts with silica or creates a silica–silane–polymer bond, more bound rubber can be obtained for the branched than for the linear type. The compound of the SBR with the alkoxy–silane functional group shows lower tan δ compared to the non–functionalized SBR and the amine functionalized SBR compounds. The influence of the type of functionalization of the SBR on tan δ at 70 °C was more significant in branched SBRs than in linear SBRs, due to the before–mentioned effect of the functional group on silanization and bound rubber.
Analgesic efficacy of the bilateral erector spinae plane block for colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kekul Ozgenur , Ustun Yasemin Burcu , Kaya Cengiz , Turunç Esra , Dost Burhan , Bilgin Sezgin , Ozkan Fatih
Published: October 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer is quite common, and surgery is the most effective treatment for most patients. However, postoperative pain management is generally inadequate in most patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasonography (USG)-guided preemptive erector spina plan block (ESPB), as part of multimodal analgesia, on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. 

Methods

This is a prospective, randomized, single-blind trial. This study included 60 patients (ASA I-II) who underwent colorectal surgery at the hospital of Ondokuz Mayis University. The patients were divided into the ESP group and control group. Intraoperatively, all patients were administered intravenous tenoxicam (20 mg) and paracetamol (1 g) as part of multimodal analgesia. Intravenous morphine via patient-controlled analgesia was administered in all groups postoperatively. The primary outcome was the total morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes included visual analog scale pain scores at rest and coughing and deep inspiration in the first 24 h and at 3 months postoperatively; number of patients requesting rescue analgesia; incidence of nausea and vomiting and need for antiemetics; intraoperative remifentanil consumption; postoperative first oral intake; time to first urination, first defecation, and first mobilization; hospitalization time; and incidence of pruritus.

Results

Morphine consumption in the first 6 h postoperatively, total amount of morphine consumed in the first 24 h postoperatively, pain scores, intraoperative remifentanil consumption, incidence of pruritus, and postoperative antiemetic requirement were lower in the ESP group than in the control group. First defecation time and hospitalization time were shorter in the block group.

Conclusions

As a part of multimodal analgesia, ESPB reduced postoperative opioid consumption and pain scores in the early postoperative period and in the 3rd month.
Joint elastic reverse time migration of towed streamer and sparse ocean-bottom seismic node hybrid data
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Chu Mingzhi , Xu Yunxia , Zhang Baojin , Geng Jianhua
Published: October 2022

Compared to 1C towed-streamer (TS) seismic exploration, 4C ocean-bottom seismic (OBS) node exploration has great advantages in complex structure imaging, lithology, and fluid identification using elastic waves. However, sparse spatial sampling of OBS node surveys highlights the problems of the imaging acquisition footprint, poor phase continuity, and low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with conventional elastic reverse time migration (ERTM) methods. Therefore, a solution of joint ERTM (J-ERTM) is proposed by combining sparse OBS node data with dense TS data. In the J-ERTM of the hybrid data, a novel weighted boundary condition combined with acoustic-elastic coupling equations and a vector-based crosscorrelation imaging condition are presented to perform PP and PS imaging by receiver-side tensorial extrapolation of TS and OBS node hybrid data. A synthetic example demonstrates that our method can effectively process TS and OBS node hybrid data and improve elastic imaging problems caused by OBS node sparse acquisition. J-ERTM techniques also are applied to an active-source OBS data set from the South China Sea. To improve the imaging quality with limited data, some preprocessing procedures for field TS and OBS node hybrid data sets are necessary, such as denoising, OBS node relocation, OBS node orientation correction, OBS node calibration, and others. After preprocessing, the pressure component and velocity components have a more physical energy relationship, more consistent frequency range and wavelet, and a higher S/N. Finally, the preprocessed hybrid data can be used for J-ERTM. The imaging results demonstrate that our method works well with field data.
Hierarchical transfer learning for deep learning velocity model building
Authors: Simon Jérome , Fabien-Ouellet Gabriel , Gloaguen Erwan , Khurjekar Ishan
Published: October 2022

Deep learning is a promising approach to velocity model building because it has the potential of processing large seismic surveys with minimal resources. By leveraging large quantities of model-gather pairs, neural networks (NNs) can automatically map data to the model space, directly providing a solution to the inverse problem. Such mapping requires big data, which proves prohibitive for 2D and 3D surveys of realistic size. We have developed a transfer learning (TL) strategy. A network is first trained on a smaller subproblem, which then becomes the starting solution to a larger, more difficult data set, akin to the hierarchical multiscale strategy for full-waveform inversion. We perform TL by having subobjectives that escalate in complexity and by first training an NN at estimating horizontally layered velocity models and then proceeding to train an augmented network at estimating 2D dipping layered models. TL improves convergence and allows using a lesser quantity of 2D models for training. For synthetic tests, the structural similarity index measure of 2D interval velocity models in the time domain is [Formula: see text] and the root-mean-square (rms) error is [Formula: see text] m/s. We benchmark our algorithm on the Marmousi2 model and observe that our method can apply to velocity models with continuous deformed layers with dips up to 35°. We benchmark our algorithm on 2D marine field data and produce an rms velocity model that leads to coherent stacking and a time interval velocity model that reproduces salient features of the stacked section. TL expedites and regularizes training and data-driven techniques may be applied to field data with minimal preprocessing even though we lack real target velocity models.
Time-lapse seismic imaging using shot gathers with nonrepeatable source wavelets
Authors: Fu Xin , Innanen Kristopher A.
Published: October 2022

In time-lapse seismic applications, the signal produced by changes in the properties of subsurface rocks is generally obscured by noise associated with imperfect repeatability between surveys. A particularly important obstacle in the formation of time-lapse difference images is variation in the effective source wavelet between baseline and monitoring data sets. However, the partially separable influence of the wavelet within Green’s function model of seismic data permits two frequency-domain matching filters to be designed, which act to reduce source wavelet nonrepeatability. One is based on the spectral ratio of the baseline and monitoring wavelets and can be applied when prior estimates of the wavelets are available; the other is the average spectral ratio of the baseline and monitoring traces and can be applied when prior estimates are unavailable. After balancing the data sets with either of these filters, we further prepare for the imaging step with time-shift corrections, using a published fast local crosscorrelations algorithm, preparing the difference data for use in an imaging algorithm. Reverse time migration is engaged for the imaging task, but we observe that residual repeatability errors tend to be magnified at this stage when source-normalized crosscorrelation imaging conditions are used. Testing indicates that replacing this with a Poynting vector imaging condition strongly suppresses remaining errors in a robust manner. This includes stability within simulated data environments to noise-free data and data with random noise, up to signal-to-noise ratios of roughly one. Furthermore, our method illustrates better performance when compared with the conventional least-squares matching filter and common-depth-point-domain warping. At present, there is no common workflow for seismic imaging directly using time-lapse shot gathers. Our research contribution lies not only in the two matching filters but also in a novel workflow for time-lapse seismic imaging.
Reflection and diffraction separation in the dip-angle common-image gathers using convolutional neural network
Authors: Sun Jiaxing , Yang Jidong , Li Zhenchun , Huang Jianping , Xu Jie , Zhuang Subin
Published: October 2022

In exploration seismology, reflections have been extensively used for imaging and inversion to detect hydrocarbon and mine resources, which are generated from subsurface continuous impedance interfaces. When the interface is not continuous and its size reduces to less than half-wavelength, reflected wave becomes diffraction. Reflections and diffractions can be used to image subsurface targets, and the latter is helpful to resolve small-scale discontinuities, such as fault plane, pinch out, Karst caves, and salt edge. However, the amplitudes of diffractions are usually much weaker than that of reflections. This makes it difficult to directly identify and extract diffractions from unmigrated common-shot or common-middle-point gathers. Migrating seismic data into a subsurface location for different reflector dip angles yields a dip-angle-domain common-image gather (DACIG). One DACIG represents the migrated traces at a fixed lateral position for different reflector dips. The reflection and diffraction have different geometric characteristics in DACIG, which provides one opportunity to separate diffractions and reflections. In this study, we present an efficient and accurate diffraction separation and imaging method using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The training data set of DACIGs is generated using one pass of seismic modeling and migration for velocity models with and without artificial scatterers, respectively. Then, a simplified end-to-end CNN is trained to identify and extract reflections from the migrated DACIGs that contain reflections and diffractions. Next, two adaptive subtraction strategies are presented to compute the diffraction DACIGs and stacked images, respectively. Numerical experiments for synthetic and field data demonstrate that the proposed method can produce accurate reflection and diffraction separation results in DACIGs, and the stacked image has a good resolution for subsurface small-scale discontinuities.
A deep learning framework for seismic facies classification
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Pham Nam , Fomel Sergey , Geng Zhicheng , Decker Luke , Gremillion Ben , Jervis Michael , Abma Ray , Gao Shuang
Published: October 2022

We have proposed a deep neural network-based framework for seismic facies classification. We implement two different neural networks based on the architectures of DeepLabv3+ and generative adversarial network for segmentation and compare the mapping results from seismic reflection data to lithologic facies. DeepLabv3+ predictions have sharper boundaries between the predicted facies whereas generative adversarial network output has a better continuity of predicted facies. We incorporate uncertainty analysis into the workflow using a Bayesian framework. The proposed approach consisting of joint analysis of predicted facies from multiple networks along with uncertainty in prediction accelerates the interpretation process by reducing the need for human intervention and also lessens individual biases that an interpreter may bring. We determine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by testing on field data examples, and we find that the proposed workflow classifies facies accurately. This may potentially enable the development of depositional environment maps in areas of low well density.
Hospitalization for COVID-19 is associated with a higher risk of subsequent hospitalization for psychiatric disorders: A French nationwide longitudinal study comparing hospitalizations for COVID-19 and for other reasons
Authors: Decio Valentina , Pirard Philippe , Pignon Baptiste , Bouaziz Olivier , Perduca Vittorio , Chin Francis , Le Strat Yann , Messika Jonathan , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Corruble Emmanuelle , Regnault Nolwenn , Tebeka Sarah
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Although COVID-19 has been associated with psychiatric symptoms in patients, no study to date has examined the risk of hospitalization for psychiatric disorders after hospitalization for this disease.

Objective

We aimed to compare the proportions of hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders in the 12 months following either hospitalization for COVID-19 or hospitalization for another reason in the adult general population in France during the first wave of the current pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective longitudinal nationwide study based on the national French administrative healthcare database.

Results

Among the 2,894,088 adults hospitalized, 96,313 (3.32%) were admitted for COVID-19. The proportion of patients subsequently hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder was higher for COVID-19 patients (11.09 vs. 9.24%, OR = 1.20 95%CI 1.18–1.23). Multivariable analyses provided similar results for a psychiatric disorder of any type and for psychotic and anxiety disorders (respectively, aOR = 1.06 95%CI 1.04–1.09, aOR = 1.09 95%CI 1.02–1.17, and aOR = 1.11 95%CI 1.08–1.14). Initial hospitalization for COVID-19 in intensive care units and psychiatric history were associated with a greater risk of subsequent hospitalization for any psychiatric disorder than initial hospitalization for another reason.

Discussion

Compared with hospitalizations for other reasons, hospitalizations for COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic in France were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder during the 12 months following initial discharge. This finding should encourage clinicians to increase the monitoring and assessment of psychiatric symptoms after hospital discharge for COVID-19, and to propose post-hospital care, especially for those treated in intensive care.
Positron Emission Tomography–Adapted Therapy in Bulky Stage I/II Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: CALGB 50801 (Alliance)
Authors: LaCasce Ann S. , Dockter Travis , Ruppert Amy S. , Kostakoglu Lale , Schöder Heiko , Hsi Eric , Bogart Jeffrey , Cheson Bruce , Wagner-Johnston Nina , Abramson Jeremy , Blum Kristie , Leonard John P. , Bartlett Nancy L.
Published: October 2022

PURPOSE

Patients with bulky stage I/II classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are typically treated with chemotherapy followed by radiation. Late effects associated with radiotherapy include increased risk of second cancer and cardiovascular disease. We tested a positron emission tomography (PET)–adapted approach in patients with bulky, early-stage cHL, omitting radiotherapy in patients with interim PET-negative (PET−) disease and intensifying treatment in patients with PET-positive (PET+) disease.

METHODS

Eligible patients with bulky disease (mass > 10 cm or 1/3 the maximum intrathoracic diameter on chest x-ray) received two cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by interim fluorodeoxyglucose PET (PET2). Patients with PET2–, defined as 1-3 on the 5-point scale, received four additional cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine. Patients with PET2+ received four cycles of escalated bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone followed by 30.6 Gy involved-field radiation.

RESULTS

Of 94 evaluable patients, 53% were female with median age 30 years (range, 18-58 years). Eight-five (90%) had stage II disease, including 48 (51%) with stage IIB/IIBE. Seventy-eight (78%) were PET2– and 21 (22%) were PET2+. The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, with 9% of patients developing febrile neutropenia and one developing sepsis. The primary end point of 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 93.1% in PET2– and 89.7% in PET2+ patients. Three-year overall survival was 98.6% and 94.4%, respectively. The estimated hazard ratio comparing PFS of patients with PET2+ and patients with PET2− was 1.03 (85% upper bound 2.38) and was significantly less than the null hypothesis of 4.1 (one-sided P = .04).

CONCLUSION

Our study of PET-adapted therapy in bulky stage I/II cHL met its primary goal and was associated with an excellent 3-year PFS rate of 92.3% in all patients, with the majority being spared radiotherapy and exposure to intensified chemotherapy.
Sex Differences in Phosphate Homeostasis: Females Excrete More Phosphate and Calcium After an Oral Phosphate Challenge
Authors: Turner Mandy E , Paynter Amanda S , White Christine A , Mazzetti Tom , Ward Emilie C , Norman Patrick A , Munroe Jenny , Adams Michael A , Holden Rachel M
Published: October 2022

Context

Dietary consumption of phosphate is increasing, and elevated serum phosphate is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Sex differences in phosphate homeostasis and response to changes in dietary phosphate intake, which are not captured by clinically measured analytes, may contribute to differences in CVD presentation and bone disease.

Objective

To assess sex differences in acute phosphate homeostasis in response to a single oral phosphate challenge.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Setting

General community.

Participants

78 participants (40-76 years) with measured glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and no clinically diagnosed CVD and 14 young healthy adults.

Main Outcome Measures

To elucidate subtle alterations in phosphate homeostasis, we employ an acute challenge whereby the hormonal response, circulating mineral levels, and urinary excretion are assessed following an oral challenge of phosphate.

Results

Although both males and females had similar changes in circulating phosphate, calcium, and parathyroid hormone in response to the challenge, females excreted ∼1.9x more phosphate and ∼2.7x more calcium than males, despite not consuming calcium. These sex differences were recapitulated in healthy young adults. This excretion response did not correlate to age, serum phosphate, or estradiol levels. The females with greater excretion of phosphate had higher levels of bone resorption markers compared to formation markers.

Conclusions

Taken together, these data identify sex differences in acute phosphate homeostasis, specifically that females may mobilize and excrete endogenous sources of calcium and phosphate in response to oral phosphate compared to males. While high levels of dietary phosphate negatively impact bone, our results suggest that females may incur more risk from these diets.
Prevalence of COVID-19 and Risk Factors for Infection Among Pediatric Anesthesia Patients: A Report From the PEACOC Research Network
Authors: Kato Meredith A. , Zurakowski David , Adams AmandaMarie , Soelberg Julie , Staffa Steven J. , Bradford Victoria A. , Efune Proshad N. , Rodgers McCormick Megan E. , Grivoyannis Anastasia D. , Rossmann Beel Elizabeth , Correll Lynnie R. , Cheon Eric C. , Tan Gee Mei , Thomas James J. , Fernandez Allison M. , Teng Howard C. , Khanna Neha , Raman Vidya T. , Brzenski Alyssa B. , Frugoni Brian J. , Sheth Michelle M. , Rugnath Rahil M. , Meier Petra M.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

The Pediatric Anesthesia COVID-19 Collaborative (PEACOC) is a research network to advance the care of children during the pandemic. Here we calculate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among children undergoing anesthesia, look at prevalence in the population data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and assess independent risk factors for infection.

METHODS:

This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Children aged 28 days to 18 years scheduled for anesthesia services at 12 centers requiring universal COVID-19 testing from March 29, 2020 to June 30, 2020 were included. COVID-19 positivity rates among those tested were plotted and trends were assessed using the Cochran Armitage test of trend. Independent risk factors were explored using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Data were collected and analyzed on 33,320 anesthesia encounters including 265 children with COVID-19. Over the study period, the rates of infections in the pediatric anesthesia population did not demonstrate a significant trend. In the general population, there was a significant downward trend in infection rates (P < .001). In exploratory analysis, multivariable risk factors for a COVID-19 positive test were Black/African American race, Hispanic ethnicity, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status III or above, overweight and obese body mass index (BMI), orthopedic cases, abdominal cases, emergency cases, absence of injury and trauma, and West region (all P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Rates of COVID-19 in pediatric anesthesia patients were consistently lower than in the general population. Independent risk factors of a positive test for children were identified. This is the first time universal testing for a single infectious disease was undertaken on a wide scale. As such, the association of infection with surgical case type or emergency case status is unprecedented.
Visitation
Authors: DeClue Jennifer
Published: October 2022

In Visitation, Jennifer DeClue shows how Black feminist avant-garde filmmakers draw from historical archives in order to visualize and reckon with violence suffered by Black women in the United States. DeClue argues that these filmmakers—including Kara Walker, Kara Lynch, Tourmaline, and Ja’Tovia Gary—create spaces of mourning and reckoning rather than voyeurism and pornotropy. Through their use of editing, performance, and cinematic experimentation, these filmmakers intervene in the production of Blackness and activate new ways of seeing Black women and telling their stories. Theorizing these films as a form of conjure work, DeClue shows how these filmmakers raise the specters of Black women from the past and invite them to reveal history from their point of view. In so doing, Black feminist avant-garde filmmakers channel spirits that haunt archives and create cinematic arenas for witnessing Black women battling for survival during pivotal and exceedingly violent moments in US history.

Duke University Press Scholars of Color First Book Award recipient
The translation regulator Zar1l controls timing of meiosis in Xenopus oocytes
Authors: Heim Andreas , Niedermeier Marie L. , Stengel Florian , Mayer Thomas U.
Published: October 2022

Oocyte maturation and early embryo development occur in vertebrates in the near absence of transcription. Thus, sexual reproduction of vertebrates critically depends on the timely translation of mRNAs already stockpiled in the oocyte. Yet how translational activation of specific mRNAs is temporally coordinated is still incompletely understood. Here, we elucidate the function of Zar1l, a yet uncharacterized member of the Zar RNA-binding protein family, in Xenopus oocytes. Employing TRIM-Away, we demonstrate that loss of Zar1l accelerates hormone-induced meiotic resumption of Xenopus oocytes due to premature accumulation of the M-phase-promoting kinase cMos. We show that Zar1l is a constituent of a large ribonucleoparticle containing the translation repressor 4E-T and the central polyadenylation regulator CPEB1, and that it binds directly to the cMos mRNA. Partial, hormone-induced degradation of Zar1l liberates 4E-T from CPEB1, which weakens translational repression of mRNAs encoding cMos and likely additional M-phase-promoting factors. Thus, our study provides fundamental insights into the mechanisms that ensure temporally regulated translation of key cell cycle regulators during oocyte maturation, which is essential for sexual reproductivity.