bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating methods to detect and monitor North American larval parasitoids of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Gaudon Justin M. , Lyons D. Barry , Jones Gene C. , Allison Jeremy D. , Smith Sandy M.
Published: March 2020

Populations of native North American parasitoids attacking Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) species have recently been considered as part of an augmentative biological control programme in an attempt to manage emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, a destructive wood-boring beetle discovered in North America in 2002. We evaluate trapping methods to detect and monitor populations of two important native larval parasitoids, Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Atanycolus Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species, attacking emerald ash borer in its introduced range. We found that purple prism traps captured more P. sulcata than green prism traps, yellow pan traps, and log samples and thus were considered better for detecting and monitoring P. sulcata populations. Trap type did not affect the number of captures of Atanycolus species. Surprisingly, baiting prism traps with a green leaf volatile or manuka oil did not significantly increase captures of P. sulcata or Atanycolus species. Based on these results, unbaited purple prism traps would be optimal for sampling these native emerald ash borer parasitoids in long-term management programmes.
Role of potash extract (Jar Kanwa) in suppression of male sexual desire: A study among Wister rats
Authors: Abubakar Idris Sulaiman , Rabiu Ayyuba
Published: March 2020

Consumption of potash extract is traditionally used for suppression of male sexual desire and as a fertility control method even before the emergence of modern contraceptives. This research was aimed at determining potash extract’s role in suppression of male sexual desire. Four groups of virgin Wister rats were formed of which three groups were given different doses of potash extract and the fourth group as control. They were monitored for sexual desire with CCTV cameras and were sacrificed after 28 days. Serum testosterone and estrogen levels were assayed and sperm analysis was carried out. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 Statistical Software. A p<0.05 was considered as significant. Findings showed that higher doses of this potash extract (500 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg) stimulated more sexual desire, evidenced by increased duration of mounting. However, Serum testosterone and estrogen levels as proxy markers of sexual desire were found low in a dose dependent manner and with narrow margin of effects. The study showed no statistically significant difference between the control group and different treatment groups of potash extract on parameters of sperm analysis.
Socioeconomic Burden of Cancer in Korea from 2011 to 2015
Authors: Kim Young Ae , Lee Ye-Rin , Park Jeongjoo , Oh In-Hwan , Kim Hoseob , Yoon Seok-Jun , Park Keeho
Published: March 2020

PurposeThough the socioeconomic burden of cancer on patients is increasing in South Korea, there is little research regarding the type of cancer that incurs the highest costs. This study analyzed the socioeconomic burden on cancer patients from 2011 to 2015 according to sex and age.Materials and MethodsA prevalence-based approach was applied utilizing claim data of the National Health Insurance Service in Korea to estimate the socioeconomic burden of cancer on patients. Patients who received treatment for cancer from 2011 to 2015 were the study subjects. The total socioeconomic burden of their disease and treatment was divided into direct and indirect costs.ResultsThere was an increase of 50.7% for 5 years, from 821,525 to 1,237,739 cancer patients. The cancer costs for men and women increased $8,268.4 million to $9,469.7 million and $3,626.5 million to $4,475.6 million, respectively. Furthermore, the 50-59-year-old age group accounted for a large portion of the total disease cost. Liver, lung, stomach, and colorectal cancers created the heaviest economic burdens on patients.ConclusionOverall, this study indicates new policies for cancer prevention, early detection, and postcancer treatment management are necessary to help limit the costs associatedwith cancer, especially in the elderly, and provides a foundation for establishing cancer-related health care policies, particularly by defining those cancers with heavier disease burdens.
On a problem of Sárközy and Sós for multivariate linear forms
Authors: Rué Juanjo , Spiegel Christoph
Published: March 2020

We prove that for pairwise co-prime numbers

k_1,\dots,k_d \geq 2

there does not exist any infinite set of positive integers

\mathcal{A}

such that the representation function

r_{\mathcal{A}}(n) = \# \{ (a_1, \dots, a_d) {\in} \mathcal{A}^d : k_1 a_1 + \cdots + k_d a_d = n \}

becomes constant for

n

large enough. This result is a particular case of our main theorem, which poses a further step towards answering a question of Sárközy and Sós and widely extends a previous result of Cilleruelo and Rué for bivariate linear forms (Bull. of the London Math. Society, 2009).
Reducing Tyre Hysteresis Losses using CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: El-Zomor H.M.
Published: March 2020

Tyre is the contact part between the vehicle and road which provides various requirements of performance. Tyres are designed to absorb road irregularities, support vehicle load and provide braking/steering characteristics. An experimental test rig for single tyre test has been designed and constructed to evaluate the tyre performance characteristics under different operating conditions. The tyre load deflection characteristic has been examined by loading and unloading the tested tyre while resting on a hard surface at three inflation pressures. The results showed that the higher hysteresis losses were at tyre inflation pressure 20 psi. Three different percentages of CuO nanoparticles have been used to evaluate their effect on the tyre hysteresis losses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been performed for the analysis of nanoparticles size. Adding CuO nanoparticle in very small amounts with the enclosed air of the tested tyre can be useful for improving its performance significantly and decreasing the hysteresis losses. This has the potential for making use of the benefits of lower inflation pressure.
Limitations and Challenges in Designing an All-Electric Aircraft: Analytical Study
Authors: Sumanth Siddhartha Suddunuri , Tsering Jigme , Charishma Reddy B.G.
Published: March 2020

Driven by rapid depletion of non-renewable energy resources, emission reduction of combustion engine exhaust, noise reduction and in-efficiency of combustion engine demand and production of electric vehicle has seen a significant growth in recent years. However, when it comes to electrification of the aircraft technology, there are a number of challenges and technological limitations faced by the designer such as vicious weight cycle, in-sufficient energy density and power constraints in batteries. This paper outlines those challenges in design and manufacturing of a manned electric aircraft. Using MATLAB, a mathematical model of the electric aircraft is created considering parameters like power required, battery capacity, battery weight and total weight of the aircraft. Range and endurance of an electric aircraft for different variations in payload or passenger capacity will be determined. This detailed study will give a picture on what is achievable using current technology (battery energy density, combustion free jet propulsion etc.) and what can be achieved based on the limitations in developing a electric ducted fan engines. This paper also outlines design challenges being faced in combustion free jet propulsion namely electric ducted fan engines which is needed for propelling the electric aircraft. This paper is concluded with design recommendations and parameters to be considered during design process for a fully electric aircraft.
Experimental Verification of Mechanical Properties of SiC Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite using Ultrasonic Technique
Authors: Sathishbabu R. , Dash P.K. , Santhanakrishnan R. , Sathish S.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, an experimental based investigation of mechanical properties of SiC particles reinforced aluminium metal matrix composite (AMMC) manufactured by liquid metallurgy process has been carried out. The ultrasonic technique has been used for characterisation of material properties by correlating the attenuation of ultrasonic velocity with the amount of particle reinforcements. The amount of SiC particle loading has influenced the ultrasonic velocity at both manufacturing stage and forging test. The material properties like tensile strength, elongation percentage, hardness, wear resistance, impact strength and strength under different forging conditions have been significantly influenced by the weight percentage of SiC particles. The failure of AMMC specimens were characterized through SEM analysis.
Tip to End Analysis of Air Breathing Rotating Detonation Engine System
Authors: Amrutha Preethi P. , Ramanujachari V.
Published: March 2020

A discovery was made recently that the heat release would be very efficient if it is associated with detonation phenomenon. A detonation wave imparts high pressure to the products of combustion which in turn produces large propulsive power as a result of expansion through the propulsive element. This kind of pressure gain combustor is a new idea which is going to be incorporated in the futuristic propulsive devices. A representative air breathing propulsive system configuration powered by the continuous detonation wave engine is chosen for the present investigation. This includes understanding of various processes occurring in the air intake, isolator, rotating detonation wave engine and flow expansion system. A detailed numerical modelling and simulation based on steady 1-D flow have been carried out. This analysis gave insight into the overall propulsion system performance taking into consideration of the interaction between various sub systems.
Numerical Investigation of Thin Plate Subjected to Blast Wave Propagation in Air and Water
Authors: Suresh C. , Ramajeyathilagam K.
Published: March 2020

Numerical investigations on a thin rectangular plate subjected to air blast and underwater using LS DYNA is presented in this paper. For the analysis, the box model setup, air/water medium and target plate are modelled and the explosive is assumed at a distance of 150 mm from the target plate at the normal line passing through the centre of the plate. The target plate is modelled using piece-wise linear plasticity material model, the fluid using Gruinesian equation of state, air using linear polynomial equation of state and explosive using JWL equation of state. Parametric study in terms of charge weight is carried and the results are presented for various shock factors. The free field pressure time history and the permanent deformation are compared with experimental results available in literature. The study indicates that the permanent deformation is about 5.5 times that of air blast in underwater explosion.
Wavelets base Automatic Extraction Technology for Vibration Signal Characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Engine
Authors: Song Dongfang , Yin Guanfei
Published: March 2020

Traditional automatic characteristic extraction technology of engine vibration signals for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) only focuses on the analysis of engine vibration signals in time domain and frequency domain. Single time domain analysis or single frequency domain analysis cannot accurately analyse the vibration signals, while both time domain analysis and frequency domain analysis have cross-analysis. As a result, the analysis results are repetitive and conflicting, which makes it difficult to extract the characteristics of engine vibration signals. The final extraction accuracy is not high and the extraction efficiency is low. For this reason, an automatic characteristic extraction technology of HEV engine vibration signal based on wavelet packet energy analysis is proposed. Firstly, the mechanical vibration of engine is converted into corresponding voltage and current signals by various sensors and then converted into digital signals by A/D (analog/digital) conditioner. The data of vibration signals are often mixed with various noises, which have a great impact on the final analysis of vibration signals. Data interception and pre-filtering are adopted. Wave, zero-mean, elimination of trend term and elimination of staggered points are used to pre-treat the vibration signals with mixed noise. Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) algorithm is introduced to analyse the pre-processed engine vibration signals and the fundamental properties of the non-stationary vibration signals in actual operation of the engine are obtained. The energy distribution of the analysed engine vibration signal is calculated by the wavelet packet energy analysis method. The calculated parameters of the energy distribution of the wavelet packet are taken as the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal. The vibration signal characteristics of the engine are automatically extracted. The experiment is carried out in the form of comparison with the traditional method. The experimental results show that the time-frequency joint analysis applied in the proposed technology can accurately analyse the essential characteristics of the engine vibration signal of HEV. The wavelet packet energy analysis method can ensure the extraction accuracy of the engine vibration signal characteristics.
Experimental Wear Study between Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Pair with Mahua Oil as Lubricant for Automobiles
Authors: Neela Rajan R.R. , Pon Suthir Sajan S.S. , Ramanan G. , Bino Prince Raja D.
Published: March 2020

This paper developed a wear testing machine and investigated experimental study of wear among cylinder liner (CL) and piston ring (PR) pair for automobiles. Mahua oil is used as the lubricant between the CL and PR pair. The process parameters are controlled to reduce the weight loss of PR using response surface methodology (RSM). The three process parameters such as applied load, sliding velocity and quantity of oil are considered. It is observed that sliding velocity and applied load are the most influencing parameters whereas the interaction of quantity of oil has less influencing parameter on weight loss of PR. Experimental results are in good compatibility with the values from the theoretical model.
CFD Analysis of Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Heavy Vehicles by Changing its Frontal Area: Techinical Note
Authors: Hasen D. , Elangovan S. , Sundararaj M. , Parammasivam K.M.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, fuel efficiency of heavy vehicles became an ultimate issue to the manufacturing and design engineers. The best approach to reduce the fuel consumption is to improve the aerodynamic performance of vehicle. This can be achieved by reducing the drag, because drag coefficient is directly proportional with the fuel consumption. Design engineers trying to improve the heavy vehicleâ€™s performance by manipulating various parameters such as engine parameters, weigh, rolling resistance and aerodynamic drag. In this project, efforts were made to increase the aerodynamic performance by changing the frontal area of the container. Computational analysis was carried out at various velocities (50km/hr, 60km/hr, and 70km/hr) by changing the frontal area of the container in heavy vehicles. Different truck geometries were done using CATIA V5 and the simulations were done using ANSYS CFX software. Results were obtained and comparative studies were made. As a result of comparisons between various designs, the cowl of 2h dimension shows better results in reducing the drag when compared with the other designs.
CFD Analysis of Controlling the Airflow over Airfoils using Dimples: Technical Note
Authors: Hasen D. , Elangovan S. , Sundararaj M. , Parammasivam K.M.
Published: March 2020

The main objective of this work is to improve the aerodynamic characteristics and manoeuvrability of the aircraft. The reduction in drag and stall phenomena will automatically enhance the aerodynamic characteristics. This project is an effort to enhance the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil by introducing surface modifications in the form of dimples. The shape of the dimples we selected is circular shaped dimple. We placed 12 dimples in both the surfaces in appropriate places so that they could delay the boundary layer formation. The dimple generally creates turbulence by creating vortices which in turn delays the boundary layer formation. With the effects of dimple, pressure drag gets reduced and also the acoustic effects get reduced. This project includes the computational analysis of dimple effect on aircraft wing using NACA 0018 symmetric airfoil with uniform cross section throughout the length of airfoil. Subsonic flows are considered for this analysis. The analyses were done under the inlet velocities of 30m/s and 60m/s at different angle of attack such as 0, 5, 10 and 15 degrees. The models were designed using CATIA V5 and simulated using ANSYS CFX software.
Design of GIS Intelligent Navigation Information Control System for Micro Air Vehicle
Authors: Li Bing , Ji Wujun
Published: March 2020

The traditional control system cannot determine the specific location of the transmission error of navigation information, the implementation process is complex, and the information sequence needs to be fed back to the source, resulting in reduced transmission efficiency and high delay of navigation information, so that the control effect is unsatisfactory. To this end, a GIS intelligent navigation information control system for micro air vehicle (MAV) is proposed. The BER calculation equation is designed and the principle of turbo encoder is analysed. The pseudo-random sequence is used to process the intelligent navigation information of the MAV to form an intelligent navigation information sequence. Without feedback to the source, the output information sequence can be dispersed due to the error code of sudden interference. Through the MAP method, the absolute value of the posterior probability ratio is regarded as the soft decision output, the code is used to obtain the error position and the transmission error of the intelligent navigation information is controlled, so that the design of the GIS intelligent navigation information control system for MAV is completed. The experimental results show that the improved system can better control the transmission error of navigation information, and the control effect is very satisfactory.
Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Steering System of Unmanned Vehicle
Authors: Cheng Yuan
Published: March 2020

A method of intelligent steering control of unmanned vehicle wheel using Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. The steering system of unmanned vehicles is composed of active disturbance rejection controller, angle sensor, motor driver and steering bridge mechanism. When ADRC of front wheels is realized by active disturbance rejection controller, the dynamic equation of the vehicle needs to be normalized first to ensure the dynamic equation of vehicle degree of freedom that can accurately reflect the lateral dynamic characteristics of the vehicle and then the accurately control the tracking of the ideal yaw rate of the vehicle by second-order ADRC. The unmanned vehicle controlled by the proposed method did not overshoot. At the initial stage of yaw disturbance, the response speed of the front wheelâ€™s angle controlled by the proposed method is faster than that of the PID control and the present time is about 0.02s. The vehicle path deviation controlled by the proposed control method is only 60% of the vehicle path deviation controlled by the PID control method. The proposed method makes the vehicle to have stronger anti-yaw disturbance ability and further enhances the vehicleâ€™s path-keeping ability.
Detection Algorithm for Weak Signals of Multiple Input and Output Radars
Authors: Guo Yuxiu , Liu Na , Li Jie , Liu Yubin
Published: March 2020

In order to detect weak signals generated by multiple-input and output radars, algorithms used for detecting weak signal are to be studied. The target echo model of multiple input and output radars is constructed by the transmit signal model, the target response model and the clutter fluctuation. Then, sparse decomposition is utilized to remove the noise present in the signal. A generalized likelihood ratio algorithm based on the spatial scattering density is used to weight-accumulate the amplitude of the observed echo, resulting in smaller echo amplitude. The influence of the distance resolution unit of SNR and distance resolution unit with clutters on the detection performance of the detector is reduced to complete the detection of weak signals of multiple input and output radars. The experimental results show that the proposed method has strong anti-interference and the accuracy of the detection is extraordinary.
Intelligent Control Algorithm for Vehicle Exhaust Emission
Authors: Ji Wujun , Li Bing
Published: March 2020

In order to effectively control the emission of vehicle exhaust, it is necessary to analyse and study the control algorithm of vehicle exhaust emission. When using the current algorithm to control the vehicle exhaust emission, it cannot accurately calculate the ambient air capacity of nitric oxide, hydrocarbons, particulate matter and do not have synergistic control effect. On the basis of mathematical analysis, an intelligent control algorithm for vehicle exhaust emission is proposed. International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model is used to calculate the emission of pollutants in the running and starting stages of the vehicle, so as to improve the precision of the vehicle exhaust emission. The box model and road traffic model are used to accurately calculate the atmospheric environmental capacity and analyse the pollutant emission reduction based on the calculation results. Through the PID control algorithm, the control of vehicle exhaust is completed and the synergistic control effect of the method is improved.
Computational and Experimental Testing of Aircraft Bell Nozzle: Technical Note
Authors: Ferdaus F. , Ganapathi R.
Published: March 2020

In order to gain the supersonic and hypersonic speed, the nozzle plays a major role in the aviation industry. Based on the nozzle design, the required mach number can be calculated. In this paper, the convergent divergent bell nozzle which is basically used for the supersonic flow is analysed and designed using CATIA Software. The mesh of the designed nozzle is carried out in ANSA and then analysed using CFD. Different nozzle designs are assessed through of CFD analysis to choose the best performing nozzle that can be manufactured for experiments. For the experimental test Raspberry Pi, pressure sensor and Python coding was developed to test bell nozzle pressure.
Can opioid vigilance and patient-centered care coexist? A qualitative study of communicative tensions encountered by surgical trainees
Authors: Adams, MA Elizabeth Troutman , Cohen, PhD Elisia L. , Bernard, MD Andrew , Darnell, PhD Whittney H. , Oyler, PharmD Douglas R.
Published: March 2020

Objective: The American health care system's adoption of the patient-centered care (PCC) model has transformed how medical providers communicate with patients about prescription pain medication. Concomitantly, the nation's opioid epidemic has necessitated a proactive response from the medical profession, requiring providers who frequently dispense opioids for acute pain to exercise vigilance in monitoring and limiting outpatient prescriptions. This qualitative study explores how surgical trainees balance PCC directives, including shared decision making, exchanging information with patients, and relationship maintenance, with opioid prescribing vigilance.Design: Investigators conducted interviews with 17 surgical residents and fellows (trainees) who routinely prescribe opioids at an academic medical center.Results: A qualitative descriptive analysis produced four codes, which were reduced to themes depicting problematic intersections between PCC imperatives and opioid vigilance during post-operative opioid-prescribing communication: (a) sharing the decision-making process contended with exerting medical authority, (b) reciprocating information contended with negotiating opioid prescribing terms with patients, (c) maintaining symbiotic relationships contended with prescribing ethics, and (d) achieving patient satisfaction contended with safeguarding opioid medications.Conclusion: Surgical training programs must supply trainees with post-surgical prescribing guidelines and communication skills training. Training should emphasize how PCC directives may work in tandem with--not in opposition to--opioid vigilance.
Caregiver-fabricated illness in a child prescribed long-term opioids and benzodiazepines
Authors: Kattail, MD, MHS, FAAP Deepa , Niec, MD, FRCPC Anne
Published: March 2020

Caregiver-fabricated illness in a child (CFIC) can result in unnecessary, potentially harmful medical investigations and treatment. As pediatric pain has historically been undertreated, the movement for more compassionate treatment has led to an increase in analgesic prescribing in children and adolescents. Overall, this has been a positive change but this may also lead to unintentional harm, particularly if CFIC is not considered as a possibility in the presentation. We present a case in which CFIC was associated with long-term prescribing of opioids, benzodiazepines, and other central nervous system depressants.
Volume 16, Number 2
Authors: Opioid Management Journal of
Published: March 2020

March/April 2020
The Mirroring of Symbols: An EEG Study on the Role of Mirroring in the Formation of Symbolic Communication Systems
Authors: Li Guanhong , Hashimoto Takashi , Konno Takeshi , Okuda Jiro , Samejima Kazuyuki , Fujiwara Masayuki , Morita Junya
Published: March 2020

The underlying mechanism of communicative behavior in both humans and other animals was proposed to be “mirroring”, which refers to the similar neural pattern during action production and action observation. Nevertheless, the role of mirroring in human communication remains a puzzle, since human communication systems can take a symbolic form not relying directly on body action. We hypothesized that mirroring contributes to the formation of implied meaning, i.e., connotation, in symbolic communication. We used electroencephalography to study human brain mirroring activity, indexed by mu-suppression measured in 10–12 Hz band over the left-central area, firstly in a non-communicative single-player game then in a communicative coordination game. We evaluated the effect of the mirroring activity in each game upon the performance of symbolic communication in the communicative game. We found that the participants showed significant mirroring in both games performed better on connotation-forming than those who showed significant mirroring in the communicative game only. Our results suggest that imagining signaling action in both communicative and non-communicative contexts could be a key to connotation-forming in symbolic communication.
The Evaluation of Second- and Third-Party Punishers
Authors: Mifune Nobuhiro , Li Yang , Okuda Narumi
Published: March 2020

Although punishment can promote cooperative behavior, the evolution of punishment requires benefits which override the cost. One possible source of the benefit of punishing uncooperative behavior is obtaining a positive evaluation. This study compares evaluations of punishers and non-punishers. Two hundred and thirty-four undergraduate students participated in two studies. Study 1 revealed that, in the public goods game, punishers were not positively evaluated, while punishers were positively evaluated in the third-party punishment game. In Study 2, where the non-cooperator was a participant of a public goods game, we manipulated the punishers participation in the game. The results showed that punishers received no positive evaluations, regardless of their participation in the game, indicating that negative evaluation may not be a reaction toward aggression with retaliatory intentions.
Effects of the Use of Plant-Based Food Additives on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Ndour Paul Mamadou , Fall Jean , Loum Abdoulaye , Jatta Saloum , Sagne Mariama , Ndong Diegane , Diouf Malick , Sheen Shyn Shin
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plant-based food additives on growth performance, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (25% CP) and isolipidic (13% CL) experimental diets were prepared and designated as R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 contains (3% Cymbopogon citratus), R2 contains (3% Ocimum basilicum), R3 contains (3% Mentha spicata) and R4 (control or 0% additive). 180 Nile tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 0.2g were distributed in 12 plastic tanks (50 L/tank) at the stocking density of 15 fish per tank in an isolated system. Fish were fed with experimental diets 3 times per day (8:00 am, 1:00 pm and 5 :00 pm) for 3 months. After 90 days of experiment, the results revealed that the final average weight ranged from 2.62g to 8.00g, the absolute average weight gain (AAWG) from 2.42 to 7.8g, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 1.31 to 2.67 and specific growth rate (SGR) from 3.06 to 4.36%/d. The survival rate (SR) varied between 64 and 100%. Of the parameters studied such as the absolute average weight gain (AAWG), the specific growth rate (SGR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the survival rate, the best were obtained by the group of fish fed with the R2 diet containing 3% Ocimum basilicum. The results of the analysis of the flesh showed that the addition of 3% O. basilicum does not modify the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and ash but slightly increased the fat content. Based on the results, the inclusion of natural plant-based food additive (3% Ocimum basilicum) in the diet of Nile tilapia improved the parameters of growth, feed efficiency, and survival.
Microbiological Evaluation of Milk Quality and Antibiogram in Dairy Cows Managed on Pasture
Authors: Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira , Dias Alexandre Menezes , Nogueira Ériklis , Vital Ana Carolina Pelaes , Ribeiro Laura Raquel R. , Kozerski Noemila Débora , Becegato Paulo V. , Santos Geraldo Tadeu dos
Published: March 2020

Mastitis is a disease in dairy cattle that damage the milk chain. It was aimed identify the major causative agents of bovine mastitis in small dairy farms by producing an antibiogram and analysis of milk quality. Methods: During the summer, 280 dairy cows were examined on a farm located in Camapuã, MS, Brazil. The farm had a concrete milking facility and used cleaning and disinfection of the udder before and after milking to control mastitis. For assess microbial resistance, two samples of milk per cow were collected biweekly between January and March. The antibiotics sulfazotrim (25 μg), penicillin (10 μg), streptomycin (10 μg), vancomycin (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), amoxicillin (10 μg), and gentamycin (10 μg) were used. Results: A total of 17.14% of the animals were positive for the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The identification of the pathogens revealed that Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 41.65% of the isolated organisms and Escherichia coli for 37.5%. Our results showed only sulfazotrim and chloramphenicol had effective results for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The isolated strains presented high resistance to the other tested antibiotics. Conclusions: sulfazotrim (25 μg) and chloramphenicol (30 μg) can be used to disinfect the udder of dairy cows.
A CONSTITUIÇÃO E O PAPEL DO ESTADO NA MODERNIDADE NAS CONCEPÇÕES DE ÉMILE DURKHEIM E MAX WEBER: O PROCESSO SOCIO-HISTÓRICO E O CONTROLE SOCIAL EM PERSPECTIVA COMPARADA
Authors: Darrieux Rodolfo Scotelaro Porto
Published: March 2020

O foco deste artigo é realizar uma análise comparativa acerca do Estado moderno entre dois autores fundamentais na chamada Sociologia clássica: Émile Durkheim e Max Weber. Mais precisamente, neste trabalho o foco é analisar o modo como cada autor concebe a constituição e o papel do Estado frente à Modernidade. Para comparar, recorri aos elementos ontológicos e metodológicos nos quais os autores se fazem valer para analisar o advento histórico da chamada Modernidade. Conclui-se que ambos os autores, apesar das grandes diferenças entre suas abordagens - razão pela qual os autores foram escolhidos - , estão preocupados com o controle social, seja no Estado enquanto função social (Durkheim) seja enquanto monopólio da violência e reflexo do processo de racionalização (Weber).
DESENHO DE PESQUISA, INFERÊNCIA E CAUSALIDADE: CAMINHOS ENTRE A ABORDAGEM QUALITATIVA E QUANTITATIVA
Authors: Leite Rodrigo , Rocha Gustavo De Andrade
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho pretende abordar três questões fundamentais no âmbito da pesquisa em ciência política: o desenho de pesquisa, a inferência e a causalidade. Para tanto, discorrerá estas questões estabelecendo os paralelos de cada uma entre as abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. Como resultado, estabelecerá que apesar do método quantitativo ter sua cientificidade mais aceita, ante o uso de técnicas estatísticas, os métodos qualitativos possuem também elementos e técnicas próprias que podem contribuir para a elaboração de inferências causais. Aliado a este fator, as pesquisas que se utilizam dos dois métodos para o teste de hipóteses podem ser também um grande aliado da ciência política e corroboram os novos estudos da área que tentam mitigar a antiga dicotomia entre as técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas.
DINHEIRO, ELEIÇÕES E REPRESENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS PADRÕES DE FINANCIAMENTO DAS CAMPANHAS NAS ELEIÇÕES DE 2014 E 2016 EM UMA PERSPECTIVA DOS GÊNEROS
Authors: Corrêa Valdenize Gurjão , Santos Rodrigo Dolandeli dos
Published: March 2020

O debate sobre eleições e representação política no Brasil tem destacado as dificuldades das mulheres em chegarem aos cargos eletivos, devido, entre outros fatores, aos embaraços impostos pelo sistema de financiamento que tem se mostrado extremamente desigual na comparação entre homens e mulheres. Diante essa questão, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal: avaliar o padrão de financiamento das campanhas eleitorais das mulheres em relação aos homens para a Câmara dos Deputados, Assembleias Legislativas e Câmara de Vereadores, nas eleições de 2014 e 2016. Utilizou-se os softwares SPSS para processamento dos métodos estatísticos descritivos e inferenciais por meio de estimativas de média, desvio padrão, variância e teste de análise de variância (ANOVA). Deste modo, constatou-se que as mulheres arrecadam um volume de recursos inferior aos homens, independentemente do cargo em disputa, ideologia partidária ou região do país. Diante às análises e perspectivas abordadas ao longo da pesquisa, observou-se que os diferentes padrões utilizados no financiamento de campanha das mulheres, dificultam a construção social e inclusiva de uma política representativa. Evidenciando que a democracia brasileira se encontra longe de alcançar um patamar de igualdade política entre os gêneros
“I Hate to See Human Beings Kicked Around by Fate and by Law:” Edith Lowenstein’s Asylum Advocacy in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Schacher Yael
Published: March 2020

While most American refugee advocates and organizations were focused on relief oversees and resettlement of vetted refugees in the two decades after World War II, attorney Edith Lowenstein, as the lawyer handling individual casework for the Common Council for American Unity, spent the 1950s and 1960s addressing the persecution claims of “aliens already here” in the United States. This essay discusses how Lowenstein used obscure and understudied provisions of existing American immigration law—the adjustment provisions of the Refugee Relief and Refugee Escapee Acts and the provision in the 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act suspending deportation on persecution grounds—to push at the boundaries of the definition of refugee dictated by Cold War geopolitics and economic nationalism. Especially in handling cases involving seamen coming from behind the Iron and Bamboo curtains, Lowenstein used two major strategies: one that might be termed “Cold War immigrant rights” and another that was more radical and holistic. The latter challenged the constructed distinction between economic and political migrants and attempts to deport those with meritorious claims simply because they were in illegal status. Lowenstein had mixed success with the INS and in court, but her advocacy influenced the definition of asylum and practices of refugee admissions.
Contested Governance: UNESCO’s Role in International Sport, 1952–78
Authors: Jedlicka Scott R.
Published: March 2020

UNESCO has played an integral but often overlooked role in international sport. This article, drawing primarily on UNESCO archival material, examines the early history of the organization’s efforts to involve itself in international sport governance. Tracing UNESCO’s relationship with international sport organizations, especially the International Olympic Committee (IOC), this article specifically examines the creation, in 1978, of institutional elements that significantly expanded UNESCO’s capacity for sport governance. However, for political and ideological reasons, UNESCO did not directly challenge the IOC’s authority, illustrating the distinctive ways in which political power is constrained in international sport. More generally, this article expands the historical understanding of international sport governance by looking outside the Olympic movement, complicating the narrative of stable, independent, private governance in international sport, especially in the postwar era.
Defenders of National Honor: Club Atlético de Cuba Tigres in Prerevolutionary Cuban Gridiron Football
Authors: Wood Michael T.
Published: March 2020

Club Atlético de Cuba (Atlético or CAC) operated as an amateur athletic club in Havana from 1909 to 1961. For most of its existence, Atlético fielded American football teams and competed on the gridiron against local and U.S. opponents. Drawing from print accounts of the games that appear in U.S. and Cuban newspapers and other publications, this article explores the connection between the CAC’s American football team and national identity, as well as how the club’s accomplishments resonated over time. In this light, Atlético’s success in international play promoted a form of Cuban national identity associated with Havana’s political and social elite and its achievements entered into the cultural memory of that group prior to the overthrow of the prerevolution order.
Opioid Use and Appropriateness of Supply After Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Tran Tim , Castello Jacinta , Taylor Simone E. , Hardidge Andrew , Cannizzaro Shakara , George Johnson , Elliott Rohan A.
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Effective pain management after joint arthroplasty is essential for optimal participation in rehabilitation. However, this needs to be balanced with potential risks associated with opioid use and community exposure. The aim of this study was to evaluate opioid use and appropriateness of supply on discharge after total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty at a major Australian health service.

Methods:

A prospective observational study was undertaken at an Australian 980-bed metropolitan health service. Patient interviews were conducted 3 weeks after hospital discharge to evaluate analgesic management and functional outcomes. The primary end point was the number of hospital-supplied opioid pills remaining 3 weeks postdischarge. Secondary end points included (1) factors associated with opioid use 3 weeks postdischarge, (2) opioid use in patients with poor functional outcomes, and (3) proportion of opioid naive patients who became chronic opioid users.

Results:

One hundred forty patients were included, and 137 were supplied opioids on discharge. At 3 weeks postdischarge, the median number of opioid pills remaining was 0 (interquartile range 0 to 8). There were 77 patients (56.2%) still taking opioids; surgery type, opioid use before admission, and the number of “as required” doses used 24 hours before discharge were independent predictors of opioid continuation. Patients with poor functional outcomes were supplied with more opioids on discharge, often not satisfied with the quantity supplied and more likely to be taking opioids 3 weeks postdischarge. There were 5 of 93 opioid naive patients (5.3%) who developed chronic opioid usage.

Discussion:

More than half of the patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty were still using opioids at 3 weeks postdischarge. Most patients were not supplied with excessive quantities at discharge. Future research should focus on identifying patients at risk of prolonged opioid use and improving the transition of these patients into the community.

Level of Evidence:

Level II—Prognostic study = prospective observational study.
Harassment, Discrimination, and Bullying in Orthopaedics: A Work Environment and Culture Survey
Authors: Balch Samora Julie , Van Heest Ann , Weber Kristy , Ross William , Huff Tamara , Carter Cordelia
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

The presence of discrimination, bullying, sexual harassment, and harassment (DBSH) in the healthcare workplace negatively affects the health and well-being of providers and is associated with poor mental health, low self-esteem, high levels of absenteeism, and low levels of productivity.

Methods:

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) developed and distributed a survey to a subset of AAOS members to assess the climate of workplace safety and overall workplace culture. Women and underrepresented minority (URM) AAOS members and an equal number of randomly selected non-URM men were invited to participate in the survey.

Results:

Nine hundred twenty-seven of 5,638 (16.4%) members responded to the survey. Sixty-six percent of respondents reported experiencing DBSH behavior with specific exposures to DBSH of 79%, 55%, 47%, and 40%, respectively. Women (81%) were more likely than men (35%) to have experienced these behaviors. Fifty-eight percent of respondents reported that their workplaces were equipped to deal effectively with DBSH behaviors.

Discussion:

DBSH behaviors occur in the orthopaedic workplace. More attention to these issues is necessary to ensure that all orthopaedic surgeons in training and in practice have a safe work environment that is inclusive, equitable, and health-promoting.

Level of Evidence:

N/A
The Change of Secondary School Students’ Environmental Consciousness, Attitude and Behaviors with Nature Education Project
Authors: Sevim Serkan
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the nature education project on the attitudes and awareness levels of secondary school students towards the environment. The research is based on an experimental model which is a type quantitative research approaches and the population consisting of the students studying at a secondary school in Denizli. The sample of the study consists of 24 students participating in the project selected from Denizli. The first criterion for the selection of the students was determined as the participation of a 4006 science fair before, and other criteria were some variables such as academic achievement, gender, absence of health problems, and high communication skills. The data of the study collected with the journal form was used to gather the opinions and thoughts of the participants through an “Environmental Affect Scale” (EAS) consisting of 15 questions in type of five point likert scale along with another “Environmental Behavior Scale” (EBS) consists of 12 questions in type of seven point likert scale that were both developed by Sontay, Gökdere & Usta (2014). SPSS 22 program is used in the analysis of the data.When the results obtained are evaluated in general, it is evident that nature education program significantly contributes to both the environmental consciousness and environmental attitudes of the participants. In addition, in the evaluation made according to the sub-dimensions of the attitude scale, it is clearly seen that the program increases students' positive attitudes towards the environment as well as ensuring their permanence. However, no significant differences were found in the environmental perception scores of the students.
English Writing Errors Committed by Saudi Students: A Study of Two Female University Groups
Authors: Ababneh Islam
Published: March 2020

The main aim of this study is to highlight the writing errors made by Saudi students majoring in English. The study selected a sample of two groups of female Saudi students residing in two Saudi regions: Tabuk and Hafr Al Batin. The students were requested to write approximately three to four paragraphs about one of three topics related to Saudi Arabia: social media and its effects on Saudi social life, marriage customs in Saudi Arabia, or the economy of Saudi Arabia. In analyzing the collected writing data, the students’ writing errors were identified and classified into four categories: grammar type, syntax type, mechanics type, and lexical type errors. Then, the frequency and error percentages of each subcategory were calculated for both groups. The findings show that both groups produced most errors in the subcategory of spelling followed by tenses subcategory even though the students from the University of Hafr Al Batin made overall higher percentages of errors than the errors’ percentages made by the students from the University of Tabuk. Further investigation reveals that all students in both regions hardly practice English writing and that Arabic interference contributes to the students’ English writing errors. The findings also imply that the curricula specialists at the Saudi ministry of education might consider including more educational material to improve the English writing skills of Saudi university students.
Lyrical I in Poetic Discourse of Carl Sandburg: A Linguo-Cognitive Approach
Authors: Babych Vira , Nedainova Iryna
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the linguo-cognitive analysis of the expression of the lyrical I in the poetic discourse of the prominent representative of the epoch of American modernism—Carl Sandburg.

The lyrical I is understood as a poet’s imagery in which the image of a lyrical hero and the image of the author are united in a syncretic way and which represents a three-fold linguo-cognitive construct that incorporates a conceptual, pragmatic and verbal embodiments.

Based on the analysis made in the research, the authors arrived at the conclusion that Carl Sandburg’s lyrical I describes a man of labor, depicts a difficult life of a man in an industrial city, shows the author’s appeal in support of a man’s fighting for his rights, for peace and freedom. In the poetic discourse of Carl Sandburg, the lyrical I is represented with the help of an urban figurativeness, a newspaper style of the language, a perfect skill of use of a blank verse resembling a song folklore, and a wide use of local expressions and dialectal words, colloquial language and prosaisms.