bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Awareness of the Relative Quality of Spatial Working Memory Representations
Authors: Li Yanming , Sprague Thomas C
Published: August 2022

Working memory (WM) is the ability to maintain and manipulate information no longer accessible in the environment. The brain maintains WM representations over delay periods in noisy population-level activation patterns, resulting in variability in WM representations across items and trials. It is established that participants can introspect aspects of the quality of WM representations, and that they can accurately compare which of several WM representations ofstimulus features like orientation or color is better on each trial. However, whether this ability to evaluate and compare the quality of multiple WM representations extends to spatial WM tasks remains unknown. Here, we employed a memory-guided saccade task to test recall errors for remembered spatial locations when participants were allowed to choose the most preciserepresentation to report. Participants remembered either one or two spatial locations over a delay and reported one item’s location with a saccade. On trials with two spatial locations, participants reported either the spatial location of a randomly-cued item, or the location of the stimulus they remembered best. We found a significant improvement in recall error and increase in response time when participants reported their best-remembered item compared to trials inwhich they were randomly cued. These results demonstrate that participants can accurately introspect the relative quality of neural WM representations for spatial position, consistent with previous observations for other stimulus features, and support a model of WM coding involving noisy representations across items and trials.
Indigenous Philosophy and Multiple Modernities
Authors: Merawi Fasil
Published: August 2022

The inception of the project of modernity resides in the projection of a self-fulfilling subjective rationality that leads both to better self-understanding as well as a control of the environment. Still, failing to serve a truly universal human agenda, modernity narrowly propagated the values of Western culture. Part of justifying such an ideological status quo is made possible by the colonial sciences that ascribed reason, logic and objectivity to Westerners and emotion, affection and oneness to the “other”. Operating within a binary framework of tradition and modernity and emotion and rationality, the colonial sciences like anthropology and ethnology created the notion of an indigenous culture and knowledge that is strictly traditional, static, oral and non-progressive. As such, rather than studying others in their entire milieu, the colonial sciences propounded an antithesis between traditional indigenous culture which is a seat of mythology, and scientific modernity that is empirical and technical. Such a quest systematically degrades indigenous knowledge, culture and philosophy for the paradigm of scientific and technological rationality. This paper argues that the solution to such Westernization of all human knowledge resides in the concept of multiple modernities which situates alternative movements in the world of globalization as attempts to contextualize modernity in different sites of knowledge and also allows for different cognitive dimensions that are mutually incommensurable. This allows for the contestation of indigenous, scientific, secular and other modes of knowledge.
بعض العوامل وعلاقتها باتجاهات ومخاوف المعلمين نحو دمج ذوي الإعاقة في التعليم العام "دراسة مقارنة بين معلمي التربية الخاصة قبل وفي أثناء الخدمة"
Authors: Alamer Saad
Published: August 2022

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة الحالية إلى التعرُّف على اتجاهات ومخاوف المعلمين في أثناء وقبل الخدمة نحو دمج وتدريس ذوي الإعاقة في فصول التعليم العام، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من معلمي التربية الخاصة أثناء الخدمة العاملون في جميع مدارس الدمج الابتدائية الحكومية في مدينة الرياض، والطلاب الذين يدرسون لمرحلة البكالوريوس تخصص التربية الخاصة في جامعتي الملك سعود وشقراء، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، بعدد إجمالي (382) معلمًا أثناء الخدمة ومعلماً قبل الخدمة في العام الدراسي 2017-2018.
المنهجية: لتحقيق هدف الدراسة جرى استخدام الوصفي، إذ جرى تطبيق مقياسين، مقياس الاتجاهات نحو الدمج ومقياس القلق والمخاوف نحو الدمج، للكشف عن العوامل التي تؤثر في اتجاهات وقلق ومخاوف المعلمين أثناء الخدمة وقبلها تجاه دمج وتدريس ذوي الإعاقة في فصول التعليم العام في السعودية.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج إلى أن المعلمين قبل الخدمة مقارنة بالمعلمين في أثناء الخدمة كان لديهم اتجاهات تميل للإيجابية نحو دمج وتعليم هذه الفئات في التعليم العام، غير أن قوة وحجم الاختلاف بين متوسطات المجموعتين المستقلتين عند استخدام Cohen’s d وقعت بين الصغير جدًا والمتوسط، أظهرت النتائج أيضًا، بأن هناك علاقة بين اتجاهات وقلق المعلمين في أثناء الخدمة نحو الدمج وبعض العوامل مثل: التدريب على الدمج، والخبرة العملية.
التوصيات: إجراء بحوث موسعة حول الدمج في السعودية بحيث تشمل عينة أكبر وتغطي مناطق تعليمية مختلفة في السعودية.  وتوصي أيضاً، بإجراء دراسات لبحث العلاقة بين الاتجاهات لدى المعلمين وعلاقتها بالمخاوف والقلق نحو دمج ذوي الإعاقة في التعليم العام. وكذلك، الاهتمام بمقررات التربية الخاصة ومراجعة محتواها العلمي التأكد من الكفاءة العلمية للأساتذة الذين يوكل لهم تدريس هذه المقررات.
Faktor Risiko yang Behubungan dengan Swamedikasi Demam pada Anak di Desa Lubuk Empelas Kecamatan Muara Enim, Privinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Susanto Djap Hadi , Jolie Fedora Jolie
Published: August 2022

Swamedikasi merupakan tindakan masyarakat dalam mengatasi gejala penyakit dengan menggunakan obat  bebas tanpa pergi ke dokter. Perilaku Swamedikasi dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan setiap individu. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti usia, jarak dari pusat kesehatan terdekat, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pendapatan. Demam adalah salah satu gejala penyakit ringan yang coba diobati oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan swamedikasi untuk demam pada anak-anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan pendekatan potong lintang, data dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner yang didapatkan dengan wawancara dan mengisi kuesioner. Subyek adalah anak berusia 1-12 tahun, dan respondennya adalah ibunya. Data dianalisis secara secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Proporsi perilaku swamedikasi obat demam oleh ibu-ibu pada anaknya sebesar 69%. Tingkat pendidikan rata-rata lulusan SMA dan memiliki pendapatan keluarga di bawah upah minimum regional (UMR). Usia anak-anak mayoritas pada rentang 5-9 tahun, dan swamedikasi oleh Ibu mereka dengan sakit demam akibat penyakit umum seperti pilek. Ada hubungan secara statistik antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu (p=0,000), sumber informasi (p=0,044) dan jumlah anak (p=0,027) dengan perilaku swamedikasi demam pada anaknya.
THE METHOD OF AUTOMATED ASSESSMENT OF THE STABILITY OF ELECTRONIC MEANS TO ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
Authors: Ромащенко М.А. , Васильченко Д.В. , Пухов Д.А.
Published: August 2022

Описан способ обработки сигналов, поступающих от тестируемого устройства в процессе его проверки на воздействие электромагнитных помех (ЭМП). Практическое решение вопроса определения потенциально уязвимых мест конструкции, как правило, сводится к аналитической оценке данных эксперимента и выдаче заключения о пригодности исследуемого электронного средства к дальнейшему использованию. Сама же аналитическая оценка, позволяющая определить сбои в работе электронного средства, на данный момент может быть произведена только через субъективную экспертную оценку. Это вызывает дополнительную погрешность, связанную с влиянием человеческого фактора на результаты. Предлагаемое решение заключается в разработке автоматизированного способа обнаружения критических мест в конструкции. Данный подход основан на оценке влияния помех на электронные устройства в процессе проведения тестирования с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса. Алгоритм работы основывается на поиске отклонений в получаемых выходных данных тестируемого изделия и дальнейшей детальной обработки и автоматическом выявлении причин их возникновения, которое строится на базе алгоритмов линейной классификации и нейронных сетей

The paper describes a method for processing signals coming from the device under test during its testing for electromagnetic interference (EMI). The practical solution to the problem of determining the potentially vulnerable places of the structure, as a rule, is reduced to an analytical assessment of the experimental data and the issuance of a conclusion on the suitability of the studied electronic means for further use. The analytical assessment itself, which makes it possible to determine failures in the operation of an electronic tool, at the moment can only be made through a subjective expert assessment. This causes an additional error associated with the influence of the human factor on the results. The proposed solution is to develop an automated method for detecting critical places in the structure. This approach is based on the assessment of the impact of interference on electronic devices during testing using a hardware and software complex. The algorithm of operation is based on the search for deviations in the output data of the tested product and further detailed processing and automatic identification of the causes of their occurrence. Detection of occurrence is based on linear classification algorithms and neural networks
IDENTIFICATION OF SPEECH PAUSES IN CONDITIONS DIFFICULT ACOUSTIC INTERFERING SITUATION
Authors: Власов Р.С. , Козлов И.А. , Афанасьев А.А. , Питолин А.В.
Published: August 2022

Изложены материалы по исследованию возможностей определения пауз в речевом сигнале при условии акустического зашумления на входе микрофона. Необходимость в таких исследованиях обусловлена некорректной работой детектора голосовой активности при кодировании речи по алгоритму G.729. Данное обстоятельство не позволяет эффективно использовать избыточность РС, связанную с наличием пауз, в задачах повышения качественных показателей систем передачи речи. Причинами некорректной работы существующих детекторов голосовой активности является принятие паузы в речевом сигнале как стационарного случайного процесса. При отсутствии интенсивных помех распределение отсчетов неактивных участков речевого сигнала действительно носит квазистационарный характер. Однако в условиях интенсивных акустических шумов временные интервалы, на которых вероятностные характеристики не претерпевают значительных изменений, существенно меньше, чем средняя протяженность речевых пауз. Это не позволяет считать такие участки речевого сигнала квазистационарными. Тем не менее вероятностные распределения отсчетов, составляющих паузы в условиях ИАВ, и активных участков РС отличаются. Предлагается использовать данные отличия при идентификации пауз в условиях акустических шумов

We present materials on the study of the possibilities of determining pauses in a speech signal under the condition of acoustic noise at the microphone input. The need for such studies is due to the incorrect operation of the voice activity detector when encoding speech using the G.729 algorithm. This circumstance does not allow efficient use of the SS redundancy associated with the presence of pauses in the tasks of improving the quality indicators of speech transmission systems. The reasons for the incorrect operation of the existing voice activity detectors are taking a pause in the speech signal for a stationary random process. In the absence of intense interference, the distribution of counts of inactive sections of the speech signal is indeed quasi-stationary. However, under conditions of intense acoustic noise, the time intervals at which the probabilistic characteristics do not undergo significant changes are significantly less than the average length of speech pauses. This does not allow us to consider such segments of the speech signal as quasi-stationary. Nevertheless, the probabilistic distributions of counts that make up pauses under IAI conditions and active parts of the SS differ. We proposed to use these differences in the identification of pauses in acoustic noise conditions
Kriminalitätsentwicklung: Herausforderung für technische Sicherheit
Authors: Rupprecht Reinhard
Published: August 2022

Anfang April haben Bundesinnenministerin Nancy Faeser und BKA-Präsident Holger Münch die Bundeskriminalstatistik 2021 vorgestellt. Sie zeigt strukturelle Veränderungen der Kriminalitätsentwicklung und fordert die Sicherheitstechnologie heraus.
THE ROLE OF THE HEAD OF SCHOOL AS SUPERVISOR IN DEVELOPING TEACHERS' PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE TO ACHIEVE QUALITY OF GRADUATES IN MI NURUL ISLAM, BEKASI CITY
Authors: Maryati  , Yayat Suharyat  , Nana Danapriatna
Published: August 2022

This research is specifically to find out how the role of the principal as a supervisor in developing the pedagogical competence of teachers to achieve the quality of graduates at MI Nurul Islam Bekasi. This study uses a qualitative or naturalistic descriptive approach. Data collection using participant observation techniques, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Checking the validity of the data using three techniques, namely persistence of observation, triangulation and member checking. Meanwhile, for data analysis using three flow of activities, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing/verification. PKS (Assistant Principal). Second, the principal has not played a good role as a supervisor. Third, the implementation of supervision has not been able to run well because there are several inhibiting factors, one of which is the teacher lacks confidence in the supervisor's ability, so there is no motivation to welcome supervision activities. Fourth, teachers expect continuous supervision carried out by professional supervisors who can guide and foster teachers in developing pedagogical competencies and teaching abilities to create good quality graduates.
Conflict Management In Increasing Organizational Productivity (Research At Insan Cendekia Mandiri University Bandung and Mandiri University Subang)
Authors: Dedeng Juheri  , Ulfiah  , Hendi S  , Muchtar  , Deti Rostini
Published: August 2022

Conflict management in increasing organizational productivity includes planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring, constraining and resolving conflicts. The general purpose of this research is to identify, examine and describe conflict management in increasing organizational productivity. The results showed: a) Planning, includes identifying the causes of conflict, including differences in thinking, different views, differences in understanding, leadership styles, character of leaders and managerial abilities of leaders in managing the organization; b) Organizing, includes the types of conflicts within the organization, including internal conflicts, conflicts between individuals and conflicts between groups; c) Implementation, through preventing, avoiding, handling, resolving and creating conflicts; d) Supervision of conflict management through the establishment of rules, policies, and evaluations; e) Constraints, consist of internal factors, including human resources that have not been maximized, parties who are allergic to change, rules that have not been steady, leadership ambitions, conflicts of interest, the campus is not compact with foundations and external factors include social, political changes and economy so as to cause disruption of organizational activities; f) Solutions, through raising awareness, reducing conflict, negotiating and reaching agreement. In conclusion, a well-managed conflict can generate ideas, motivation and inspiration in increasing organizational productivity.
La producción textual mediante el uso de recursos didácticos en los estu-diantes de grado cuarto del Jardín Nacional de Pamplona
Authors: Hernández Luvi , Parada Nancy , Contreras André
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación se desarrolla con el fin de orientar la producción textual mediante recursos didácticos que permitirán a los estudiantes de grado cuarto de la Institución Águeda Gallardo de Villamizar, Sede Jardín Nacional de Pamplona, ser capaz de producir texto después de haber realizado un material didáctico para demostrar su capacidad de imaginación y organización de ideas claras, con el fin de fomentar el desarrollo Psico-social y humano. Por otra parte, la investigación se desarrolla desde el preciso momento en que se despertó el interés por conocer el material reciclable, nació el propósito de darle mejor uso y fomentar en los estudiantes la creación e innovación. Es importante que el docente sea creativo y esté actualizado en el manejo de los diferentes materiales para llevar a cabo cada uno de estos procesos, es necesario tener conocimientos previos se perdería la esencia del desarrollo de clase. Los materiales con los que se debe trabajar son netamente reciclables y deben ser económicos para este proceso, porque muchos estudiantes no tienen la posibilidad de obtenerlos. Es pertinente que el docente mantenga dentro del aula de clase los Principios Pedagógicos dados por Flórez R. [1] permiten identificar a la comunidad estudiantil todos los procesos que se llevan dentro del aula de clase indirectamente.
PERANAN MOTIVASI PIMPINAN TERHADAP SEMANGAT KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) KAL-BAR
Authors: Abdullah
Published: August 2022

Peranan Motivasi Pimpinan Terhadap Semangat Kerja Karyawan Pada pada bagian pemutusan dan penyambungan PT. PLN (Persero) Wil. Kal-Bar sangat diperlukan mengingat bagian tersebut pelaksanaan pekerjannya sangat beresiko. Peranan pimpinan dalam memberikan semangat kerja kepada karyawan sangat dibutuhkan.  Menurut teori Herzberg (2002) dalam Arep dan Tanjung, faktor-faktor motivasi terdiri dari: Prestasi, Pengakuan, Pekerjaan itu sendiri, Tanggung jawab, Pengembangan potensi individu, Gaji dan upah, Kondisi kerja, Kebijakan dan administrasi perusahaan, Kualitas supervisi. Jika faktor tersebut terimplementasi dengan baik  maka akan tercipta motivasi kerja yang optimal oleh pimpinan terhadap anak buahnya. Namun dalam pelaksanaan indikator yang diteliti masih terdapat indikator yang hasil penilaiannya masih rendah yaitu Sangat tidak setuju (STS) 4 indikator dan tidak setuju (TS) 10 indikator. Adapun indikator tersebut adalah Sikap Pimpinan Dalam Memberikan Penjelasan Yang Berhubung Dengan Pekerjaan sudah jelas, Pimpinan selalu menegur Karyawan Masuk Kerja/Masuk Kantor, Sistem Pemberian Upah Yang Diterima sudah sesuai, Penghargaan Atas Prestasi Kerja Karyawan selalu diberikan, Pembagian Tugas Yang Diberikan Pimpinan sudah sesuai, Pimpinan selalu memberi  Motivasi/ Dorongan  Kepada Karyawan, Penghargaan Atas Prestasi Kerja Karyawan selalu diberikan Tindakan Pimpinan Bila Terjadi Kecelakaan Dalam Bekerja sudah sesuai, Kesesuaian Antara Resiko Pekerjaan Yang Dilakukan Dengan Gaji Yang Diterima sudah sesuai.
AN INVESTIGATION ON THE FOLK MUSİC CULTURE OF MESKHETIAN TURKS LIVING IN TURKEY
Authors: KARABULUT Murat , GENÇER Berkay
Published: August 2022

Meskhetian Region is a Turkish settlement area located in Georgia today, bordering our province of Ardahan, and has an ancient history. As a result of the wars in 1828, the Meskhetian region was captured by the Russians, and unfortunately, the exile life of our relatives began. Since this date, a life of exile and longing for homeland have become Meskhetian Turks' destiny. Undoubtedly, music culture is one of the most crucial building blocks of the cultural phenomenon that has made nations into nations and has reached the present day by touching knot by knot from the past. Wherever societies went, they carried their cultural treasures with them. The musical culture of the Meskhetian Turks, who were exposed to inhuman acts many times, exiled to various parts of the world, and settled in various provinces of our country, constitutes the subject of our research. Unfortunately, due to the permanent exile of the Meskhetian Turks, the sources about their culture are scarce. In this context, this research on the musical cultures of the Meskhetian Turks is fundamental in terms of being a source for future research. In the research, fieldwork was carried out in Posof district of Ardahan, Şavşat and Yusufeli districts of Artvin, and Oltu and Şenkaya districts of Erzurum. In the field study, information was obtained about the Meskhetian Turks' music cultures, traditions, and customs, and folk songs were compiled. The collected information was brought together into a meaningful whole. The compiled songs have been presented by analyzing mode, rhythm, method, form, and melody. Suggestions were made as a result of the investigations. Keywords: Meskhetian Turks, music culture, mode, rhythm
UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO CHIPS AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY
MATERIAL IN RURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Vineet Bamanalli  , Akash Eranna Agasar  , Arun Dalawai  , Madan Kajagar  , Jyoti.S.Patil
Published: August 2022

The roads in rural areas does not have good durability and serviceability due to low
fundings provided for rural road construction. In this project we have partially replaced coarse
aggregate with bamboo chips by 10%, 15% and 20% of its weight and have prepared cubes, cylinders
and beams to obtain the optimum dosage which gives good compressive strength. After the study, test
results with partial replacement of 15% bamboo chips with coarse aggregates achieves desirable
strength and has possessed low weight compared to conventional concrete. The Comparative study was
also carried out with Conventional rigid pavement construction for a stretch of 1 km with 15% bamboo
chips replaced pavement and was estimated with the difference of Rs.54,810 per km.
Breeding strategies of Simien sheep in Simien mountain region of Ethiopia
Authors: MULAT Talemaw , DAGNEW Yohannes , DESALEGN Kasahun
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted to characterize the existing sheep breeding strategies as an essential step in designing a breeding program for linking sheep production in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Interview with sheep keepers, direct ranking method of traits, and field observations were carried out in selected districts of Simien mountain region. Sheep kept mainly as a source of income, saving and meat with an index value of 0.27, 0.21, and 0.20 in the Beyeda district whereas the corresponding value for Janamora was 0.26, 0.22, and 0.19, respectively. Mean sheep flock sizes were 14.9 and 16.2 in Beyeda and Janamora districts of Ethiopia. Natural and uncontrolled breeding was common in the Simien mountain region of Ethiopia. Coat color, body conformation, and fast growth rate were important traits in selecting breeding rams in both study districts. Coat color and appearance were selection criteria for breeding ewes in both study districts. It is observed that Simien sheep is highly valued for its tasty meat and produce under low input conditions. However, the survival of Simien sheep is endangered due to uncontrolled breeding, intervention failures in livelihood, and market-oriented agricultural systems. In conclusion, the main breeding objective for sheep production have been defined as increasing meat production and marketed animals and this is driven by market demands. Compared with other local sheep types, Simien was rated highly by both producers and consumers in their tasty meat. These characteristics make the Simien sheep economically more important. Yet Simien sheep need to be conserved as they could serve as a source of safe and tasty products for consumption.
Keywords: Breeding practice, Livestock population, Mountain region, Sheep flocks, Simien sheep.
An Analysis of Sufi`s attitude towards Tolerance in the light of Kashf al Mahjob
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Yaseen Ghulam , Bilal Muhammad Bilal
Published: August 2022

Tolerance is a beautiful way of life. As a basic principle of Islam, its teachings are evident in the Qur'an and Sunnah. It is the process of fostering virtues in society such as mutual love, peace, and fraternity. Any peaceful society must possess these characteristics. This excellent practice of tolerance is found in the teachings and practices of the Sufis. Hazrat Ali Hajwary is one of the pioneers of Sufism. He pushed mankind to acquire the traits of righteousness, piety, repentance, justice, patience, and perseverance, unity, gentleness, and harmony on the one side, and avoid immorality and oppression on the other, in his work "Kashf al-Mahjoob." He also taught us to live in a tolerant manner, avoiding evil tendencies like dictatorship and provocation. Because of the rising incidences of injustice, misguidance, and oppression in today's world, it is the need of time to promote tolerance to develop a peaceful ideal society based on Islamic principles. Using descriptive and analytical research methodologies, this essay tries to demonstrate the need for the value of tolerance in light of "Kashf al-Mahjoob" and its impact on society. May Allah accept our endeavor and make it beneficial to the Ummah. Amen.
Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur’ān in Western Academic Writings: A Case Study of Andrew Rippin
Authors: Batool Iffat , Sabiha Dr. Taimia
Published: August 2022

The contemporary western Qur’ānic scholarship is flourishing swiftly with the manifestation of diverse and multifaceted approaches. At present, the western averments of studying the Quran with objectivity and impartiality cannot be overlooked. Yet, despite this, many contemporary scholars. Muslims and non-Muslims link the western tradition with the norms of oriental scholarship.
The present article endeavors to trace whether the contemporary western scholarship approaches the Quran with the pure academic and neutral spirit that separates it from the epistemological hierarchy or it still follows the polemical theological agenda. For this purpose, the work of a renowned contemporary western scholar Andrew Rippin is selected on the theme of the foreign vocabulary of the Qur’ān.
The critical analytical approach is selected to investigate his work. Rippin has contributed thoroughly to exploring the classical Muslims’ dealing with the subject while adding his etymological source theories.
However, it is concluded that despite a few variances perpetuated by Rippin, the gross foundation does not go beyond the demarcation set by his predecessor Arthur Jeffery in the field of the foreign vocabulary of the Qur’ān that indicates a lack of academic approach.
علوم اسلامیہ میں زندانی ادب :ایک مطالعاتی جائزہ
Authors: Khan Arsala , Khan Dr.  Janas , Hasan Dr. Najm Ul
Published: August 2022

Prison literature means the literature which has been produced by the writers during their impressments or custody .a very valuable and righteous literature has been produce in the prison. This research article inbounds to such type of literature in the field of Islamic studies. The Prison literature writers often bore revolutionary thoughts due to which they got imprisoned and were given very hard punishments. The basic research question is that weather they got scared and changed their behavior or otherwise. The method used for this research article is both documental as well as analytical by nature. An intense effort has been made to reach both the primary and secondary recourses to reach reliable conclusions. The Prison literature producers possessed a revolutionary character, especially in the field of Islamic Studies. They faced many hurdles and difficulties to lead their life. They got imprisoned by the then government official and were severely finished but they did not got scared to quit and write for the right. we are pretty sure that this article will provide a brief over waive of the custodial literature produce so far related to the Islamic studies in the Arabic ,English, Urdu, and Pashto languages.
PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG KOMPRES HANGAT DALAM MENGURANGI DISMENORE DI SMA ADVENT TOMPASO
Authors: Pathy Toar Sabbathismos , Sitompul Monalisa
Published: August 2022

Remaja merupakan masa transisi dari anak-anak menuju dewasa. Pada masa remaja terjadi perubahan hormonal, fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial, dimana kondisi tersebut dinamakan dengan masa pubertas. Salah satu tanda  pubertas pada remaja putri yaitu terjadinya menstruasi. Salah satu yang berhubungan dengan menstruasi yaitu dismenorea. Wanita yang mengalami menstruasi akan timbul nyeri yang disebut dismenore. Dismenore adalah keluhan ginekologis akibat ketidakseimbangan hormone progesterone dalam darah sehingga mengakibatkan timbul rasa nyeri pada bagian perut, seperti kram, dan sakit punggung bawah sebelum dan selama menstruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur  tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri  tentang kompres hangat  dalam  mengurangi dismenore di SMA Advent Tompaso. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan  menggunakan desain pre experimental one group pretest-posttest. Responden berjumlah 100 orang siswi. Instrument penelitian tes adalah pilihan ganda mengenai penanganan dismenore pada saat menstruasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan uji paired T-test nilai signifikansi 0.000 < 0,05 yang berarti  bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan  mengenai  pengetahuan remaja tentang kompres hangat. Disarankan kepada kepala sekolah agar seminar kesehatan tentang dismenore dapat diberikan rutin agar siswi dapat mengetahui penanganan dismenore pada saat menstruasi.
Χορήγηση υπακτικών στα παιδιά; Νέα μελέτη επιβεβαιώνει την αποτελεσματικότητα και την ανεκτικότητα της βισακοδύλης κατά τη μακροχρόνια χρήση
Authors: Eberlin Marion
Published: August 2022

Μια αναδρομική μελέτη διερεύνησε την αποτελεσματικότητα και την ανεκτικότητα της μακροχρόνιας και τακτικής χρήσης της βισακοδύλης σε παιδιά. Ακόμη και όταν λήφθηκε για μακρύ χρονικό διάστημα (μέση διάρκεια θεραπείας: 14 μήνες), η βισακοδύλη ήταν αποτελεσματική, ασφαλής και καλώς ανεκτή στα παιδιά. Οι ανησυχίες σχετικά με την ανάπτυξη εξάρτησης αποδείχθηκαν αβάσιμες. Στους περισσότερους ασθενείς η βισακοδύλη μπόρεσε να διακοπεί σταδιακά χωρίς καμία μεταβολή στη συχνότητα των κενώσεων.
Different modalities of treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Behiry Hamdy Mohamed , Ibrahim Alaa Rashad , El-Azzazy Mohamed Ramadan Idrees Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

Background; Trigeminal Neuralgia: It is a syndrome characterised by recurrent sudden & usually unilateral severe brief stabbing. One & more branches of 5th cranial nerve are causing pain. It is painful, brief experience. Pain can occur spontaneously & be triggered by innocuous stimuli like yawning, chewing, light touch, & other transmitted stimuli. & divided by different lengths of pain-free intervals, Aim and objectives; to assess effectiveness of Different Modalities in studied cases with trigeminal neuralgia, Subjects & methods; This research Was showed on group of 20 patients having trigeminal neuralgia manged by different modalities, percutaneous radiofrecuency, microvascular decompression, perephiral neurectomy and nerve block. This study was conducted on patients with variant ages at the time of diagnosis, presenting with trigeminal neuralgia, admitted and managed at neurosurgery- Functional unit -Faculty of medicine Al-Azhar University From 2017 To 2021, Result; The description of of radiologiucal findings by MRI FIESTA. The major finding was no loop compassing (50%) in patients followed by Arterial loop compassing trigeminal nerve (35%). Most of the patients had V1, V2, V3 affected in 70% of the patients, and 20% of the patients had V2, V3 affected, The major surgery done was Radiofrequency (40%) followed by MVD (30%).
Positive Planning with The Happy Planner Company
Authors: Lee Sophie
Published: August 2022

How do you know if you’re truly thriving in your studies? A midwifery degree is a demanding course; asking you to juggle large amounts of academic work alongside long placement hours. We know that this vocation is a rewarding one, and often worth the many hours of effort that we put into it. But do we just survive the juggling, or can we truly thrive despite it?
Decoding the Myths: Exploring the Mental Health Misconceptions in College Students
Authors: Menon Sitara Kapil
Published: August 2022

Mental health issues have taken a centre stage in health sector with growing number of cases every year. Knowledge and awareness about mental illness among general population has increased with the available opportunity of sharing information on various open-source social networking platform in the recent years. Despite this, lack of awareness and related issues has always been an obstacle in reaching to the maximum and optimizing the impact. This study aimed to understand the awareness about mental health related matters among the young population particularly college students in the age group of 17- 25years. A survey questionnaire with several common myths and facts was used to serve the aim of the study. Several interesting findings yielded out of the data analysis. Overall, the data indicated adequate awareness about mental health. Specifically,the results indicated good awarenessabout the prevalence of mental illness, the need for treatment, rehabilitation of mental health patients. The areas of concern with respect to awareness quotient is found to be lack of adequate knowledge of mental health professionals and lack of awareness about the etiological factors underplaying mental disorders was also clearly reflected.
After the rupture: Art as Soul Repair
Authors: Riggs Anne
Published: August 2022

This paper is about an arts project, The Forgotten People, undertaken in the first half of 2022 with a group of former clients and staff of a Melbourne sexual assault service which underwent an aggressive structural and cultural change that had profound negative effects on both. Whilst the service, and its parent, a major Melbourne public hospital, refused to engage in any form of respectful conversation addressing the pain their Carelessness was causing, a creative community formed to express their feelings in art. Our aim was to create together, to initiate ‘soul repair’, to communicate with the health providers, and for the project to be of service in other organizations where client needs can easily be overlooked. It is a paper about the transformation of those involved from feeling isolated and intimidated by their experiences with the service and hospital, to feeling part of a collective of people doing something positive and uplifting as an act of Care.
A comparative study of executive functioning and personality of young adults with alcohol use disorder and internet gaming disorder
Authors: Mukherjee Chilka , Banerjee Ushri
Published: August 2022

The present study attempted to compare young adult males with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and their normal counterparts with respect to their Executive Functioning and Personality. A detailed information schedule, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Game Addiction Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were administered to males aged 18-32 years with Alcohol Use Disorder, Internet Gaming Disorder and normal healthy males (N=30). Nonparametric statistical analyses were carried out – Kruskal Wallis test for comparing the mean ranks of three groups (AUD, IGD and Control) taken together. The mean ranks of individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder, Internet Gaming Disorder and control group were found to differ significantly with respect to their total number of errors and the number of categories completed in WCST with the IGD group making the least number of errors and completing the highest number of categories followed by the control group and the AUD group. The mean ranks of the three groups differed significantly with respect to their Cooperativeness with the AUD group scoring the lowest followed by the IGD group and the control group. Individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder were to found to perform better in WCST with respect to the Alcohol Use Disorder as well as the control group and the individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder seem to be similar to those with Alcohol Use Disorder based on their Character dimension of Cooperativeness but not Temperament dimensions.
Sequence similarities of phytochrome to protein kinases: implication for the structure, function and evolution of the phytochrome gene family
Authors: Thümmler Fritz , Algarra Patricia , Fobo Gisela M.
Published: July 2002

Phytochrome, the best characterised plant photoreceptor, is encoded by a small multigene family within the plant kingdom. The different phytochrome types are composed of a conserved light‐sensing chromophore domain of about 80 kDa and a less‐conserved C‐terminal domain of about 50 kDa. The C‐terminus of phytochrome of the moss Ceratodon purpureus is homologous to the catalytic domain of eukaryotic serine/threonine or tyrosine protein kinases; in contrast, for all other phytochromes (conventional phytochromes) sequence similarities within the C‐terminal domain to the catalytic domain of bacterial histidine kinases have been reported. We performed careful sequence comparisons of the putative catalytic domains of phytochrome with each other, with authentic serine/threonine, tyrosine and with histidine kinases. We report that conventional phytochromes exhibit structural elements of the catalytic domains of both histidine and, to a lesser extent, of serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases. The significance of these observations is discussed in the framework of the structure, function and evolution of phytochrome.
Angiography contrast agents interact with serine proteinases The molecular structure of the model system elastase/iohexol
Authors: Prangé Thierry , Gaudey Françoise , Ohanessian Jacqueline , Avenel Danièle , Neuman Alain , Corot Claire , Meyer Dominique
Published: July 2002

Pancreatic elastase was co‐crystallised with iohexol, a tri‐iodo benzenic contrast agent used in angiography analyses. The X‐ray analysis of the complex reveals the presence of three molecules of iohexol associated with the proteinase with low occupancy factors. Two iohexol molecules are located in and near the active site of the enzyme and provide a model for explaining the inhibition of the hemostatic system, one of the major and inconvenient side effect associated with these chemicals.
κ‐Opioid receptor‐transfected cell lines: modulation of adenylyl cyclase activity following acute and chronic opioid treatments
Authors: Avidor-Reiss Tomer , Zippel Renata , Levy Rivka , Saya Danielle , Ezra Vittoria , Barg Jacob , Matus-Leibovitch Noa , Vogel Zvi
Published: July 2002

The opioid receptors μ, δ and κ have recently been cloned. Here we show that κ‐agonists inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with rat κ‐opioid receptor cDNA. Chronic exposure of the cells to κ‐agonists did not lead to significant desensitization of the capacity of the agonists to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. On the other hand, withdrawal of the agonist following the chronic treatment led to the phenomenon of supersensitivity (‘overshoot’) of adenylyl cyclase activity. Both the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by the acute opioid treatment and the chronic agonist‐induced supersensitivity are pertussis toxin sensitive, demonstrating involvement of Gi/Go proteins in both processes.
Radioimmunodetection of human cervical carcinoma xenograft by 111In‐labeled monoclonal antibody MAb Cx‐99
Authors: Yuan C.‐C. , Tsai L.‐C. , Lee T.‐W. , Ng H.‐P. , Yeh S.‐H.
Published: July 2002

Radioimmunodetection (RAID) is more sensitive and specific than conventional diagnostic methods. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against cervical carcinoma antigen, MAb Cx‐99, was labeled with 111Indium (111In). This immunoconjugate was intravenously injected into athymic nude mice bearing cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) xenografts. The tissue distribution study showed that the xenograft tumor had higher binding activity than most other tissues after 48 h from injection, demonstrated by localization ratio of tumor or tissues (c.p.m./g) against blood (c.p.m./g). However, this localization ratio was also high in the liver, spleen and kidney. The imaging study by immunoscintigraphy also showed that the tumor and liver were distinct from other background tissues 2 days after injection. This preliminary study showed that 111In‐labeled MAb Cx‐99 may have potential for RAID of cervical cancer, especially for tumors in the pelvis.
Sociodemographic and clinical variables modifying the smoking‐related risk of low birth weight
Authors: Spinillo A. , Capuzzo E. , Iasci A. , Nicola S. , Piazzi G. , Baltaro F.
Published: July 2002

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical variables modifying the smoking‐related risk of low birth weight (<2500 g). Method: This case‐control study included a population of 967 singleton low birth weight deliveries and 967 selected controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to test statistical significance of the interactions between smoking in pregnancy and other risk factors for low birth weight. Results: Increasing maternal age and parity potentiate the smoking‐related risk of a low birth weight infant. The effect of maternal smoking on the risk of low birth weight was significantly increased in patients with a history of previous spontaneous abortion (excess risk 2.30, 95% C.I. 1.24–4.27) and in patients of high compared with patients of intermediate or low social class (excess risk 1.97, 95% C.I. 1.1–3.57). Smokers with less than two prenatal visits per trimester were at significantly greater risk of delivering a low birth weight infant (excess risk 2.36, 95% C.I. 1.14–4.87) than their counterparts with more frequent prenatal visits. Among clinical variables, the effect of maternal smoking on the risk of low birth weight was significantly increased in women with a history of first trimester hemorrhage during the current pregnancy (excess risk 2.67, 95% C.I. 1.30–5.49). Conclusions: The smoking‐related risk of low birth weight is very high in some subgroups of women. Identification of these subgroups could be important for prenatal counseling.
A chloroplast envelope‐transfer sequence functions as an export signal in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Yan-Yun , Akhtar M.Kalim , Ourmozdi Elizabeth P , Kaderbhai Naheed , Kaderbhai Mustak A
Published: July 2002

The small subunit precursor of pea ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase engineered with prokaryotic elements was expressed in Escherichia coli. This resulted in a dependable level of synthesis of the precursor protein in E. coli. The bacterially synthesised plant precursor protein was translocated from the cytoplasm and targeted to the outer membrane of the envelope zone. During the translocation step, a significant proportion of the precursor was processed to a soluble, mature SSU and found localised in the periplasm. The determined amino acid sequence of the isolated precursor showed that it had a deletion of an arginine residue at position −15 in the transit peptide. Expression of this transit peptide‐appended mammalian cytochrome b
5 in E. coli displayed a targeting profile of the chromogenic chimera that was similar to that observed with the plant precursor protein.
Enhanced toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3A δ‐endotoxin in coleopterans by mutagenesis in a receptor binding loop
Authors: Wu Sheng-Jiun , Koller C.Noah , Miller Deborah L. , Bauer Leah S. , Dean Donald H.
Published: July 2002

We used site‐directed mutagenesis to modify the Bacillus thuringiensis cry3A gene in amino acid residues 350–354. Two mutant toxins, A1 (R345A,Y350F,Y351F) and A2 (R345A,ΔY350,ΔY351), showed significantly improved toxicity against Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). The mutant toxin A1 was also more potent against both Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle) and Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle), while A2 displayed enhanced toxicity only in L. decemlineata. Competitive binding assays of L. decemlineata brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) revealed that binding affinities for the A1 and A2 mutant toxins were ca. 2.5‐fold higher than for the wild‐type Cry3 toxin. Similar binding assays with C. scripta BBMV revealed a ca. 5‐fold lower dissociation rate for the A1 mutant as compared to that of Cry3A.
Ion Exchange in Nickel Biosorption by Seaweed Materials
Authors: Williams Ceri J. , Edyvean Robert G. J.
Published: July 2002

This study focuses upon the nature of the biosorption of nickel by a brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima and two seaweed‐derived materials, dealginated seaweed waste and alginate fiber. An ion exchange relationship in the sequestration of nickel ions and the concomitant release of calcium ions has been identified. A millimolar equivalent relationship between nickel uptake and calcium release has been elucidated. Alginate fiber was found to adsorb nickel ions faster than either dealginate or E. maxima. This study is significant in that it sheds some more light on the chemical interactions that occur in biosorption processes. Full understanding of the mechanisms of biosorption and associated chemical interactions will allow the development of full‐scale wastewater treatment systems.
Folding study of an Aib‐rich peptide in DMSO by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bürgi R. , Daura X. , Mark A. , Van Gunsteren W. , Bellanda M. , Mammi S. , Peggion E.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: To evaluate the ability of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using atomic force‐fields to correctly predict stable folded conformations of a peptide in solution, we show results from MD simulations of the reversible folding of an octapeptide rich in α‐aminoisobutyric acid (2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐propanoic acid, Aib) solvated in di‐methyl‐sulfoxide (DMSO). This solvent generally prevents the formation of secondary structure, whereas Aib‐rich peptides show a high propensity to form secondary structural elements, in particular 310‐ and α‐helical structures. Aib is, moreover, achiral, so that Aib‐rich peptides can form left‐ or right‐handed helices depending on the overall composition of the peptide, the temperature, and the solvation conditions. This makes the system an interesting case to study the ensembles of peptide conformations as a function of temperature by MD simulation. Simulations involving the folding and unfolding of the peptide were performed starting from two initial structures, a right‐handed α‐helical structure and an extended structure, at three temperatures, 298 K, 340 K, and 380 K, and the results are compared with experimental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data measured at 298 K and 340 K. The simulations generally reproduce the available experimental nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) data, even when a wide range of conformations is sampled at each temperature. The importance of adequate statistical sampling in order to reliably interpret the experimental data is discussed.
Cytoplasmic domains of the reduced folate carrier are essential for trafficking, but not function
Authors: SADLISH Heather , WILLIAMS Frederick M.R. , FLINTOFF Wayne F.
Published: July 2002

The reduced folate carrier (RFC) protein has a secondary structure consistent with the predicted 12 transmembrane (TM) domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and a large cytoplasmic loop between TM6 and TM7. In the present study, the role of the cytoplasmic domains in substrate transport and protein biogenesis were examined using an array of hamster RFC deletion mutants fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The N- and C-terminal tails were removed both individually and together, or the large cytoplasmic loop was modified such that the domain size and role of conserved sequences could be examined. The loss of the N- or C-terminal tails did not appear to significantly disrupt protein function, although both termini appeared to have a role in the efficiency with which molecules exited the endoplasmic reticulum to localize at the plasma membrane. There appeared to be both size and sequence requirements for the intracellular loop, which are able to drastically affect protein stability and function unless met. Furthermore, there might be an indirect role for the loop in substrate translocation, since even moderate changes significantly reduced the Vmax for methotrexate transport. Although these cytoplasmic domains do not appear to be absolutely essential for substrate transport, each one is important for biogenesis and localization.