bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mining Large Open Online Learning Networks: Exploring Community Dynamics and Communities of Performance
Authors: Xing Wanli , Du Hanxiang
Published: July 2022

Online learning communities are becoming increasingly popular as they are known to support collaborative dialogue and knowledge building. Previous studies have typically focused on small, closed learning communities from an individual, static, and aggregated perspective. This research aims to advance our understanding of open and large online learning networks by exploring and characterizing community level dynamics and communities of performance. To achieve this goal, we mined a large open online learning network of over 30,000 students and approximately one million posts. First, we analyzed overall community network development by building temporal social networks. Subsequently, we studied sub-community dynamics using community detection algorithms, and, following that, investigated the interaction between community dynamics and communities of performance using best colleague correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results found that large open online learning communities begin with a very large network having numerous small sub-communities. These communities consist of students who are similar in performance with strong links. The overall network size gradually shrinks, as does the number of sub-communities, and these communities evolve over time for their membership formulation with students who are more different in performance with weaker ties. Theoretical, practical, and methodological implications are then discussed. This study pushed the online learning community research to examine large and open networks by taking a more community-based and dynamic view of investigation.
Relationship of Healthy Building Determinants With Back and Neck Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gherscovici Ezequiel D. , Mayer John M.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Back pain and neck pain are very common, costly, and disabling. Healthy building determinants within the built environment have not been adequately assessed as contributors to these conditions. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the relationship of healthy building determinants with back and neck pain.

Data Source

PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and PEDRo. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies were included if they met the following criteria: Adults, comparison of healthy building determinants (air quality, ventilation, dust and pests, lighting and views, moisture, noise, safety/security, thermal health, water quality) with back and neck pain, original research, English. Studies were excluded if full text articles were unavailable and if the focus was patient and materials handling or ergonomics.

Data Extraction

Data extraction and other review procedures were elaborated according to PRISMA guidelines. Data Synthesis: Data were synthesized with an approach adapted from Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine and American Physical Therapy Association.

Results

37 articles enrolling 46,223 participants were eligible. Most articles were cross-sectional (31/37) and fair quality (28/37). None were interventional. Evidence was found to generally support a relationship indicating that as healthy building determinants worsen, the risk of back and neck pain increases.

Conclusion

Although the available evidence precludes interpretations about causality, the study's findings are starting points to guide future research, knowledge creation, and health promotion initiatives about the relationships of the built environment with back and neck pain.
Legislation and Policies for the Right to Maternity Protection in South Africa: A Fragmented State of Affairs
Authors: Pereira-Kotze Catherine , Malherbe Kitty , Faber Mieke , Doherty Tanya , Cooper Diane
Published: July 2022

Background:

Maternity protection rights incorporate comprehensive benefits that should be available to pregnant or breastfeeding working women.

Research Aim:

To describe South Africa’s maternity protection legal and policy landscape and compare it to global recommendations.

Method:

A prospective cross-sectional comparative policy analysis was used to review and describe national policy documents published from 1994–2021. Entitlements were mapped and compared to International Labour Organization standards. The document analysis was supplemented by interviews conducted with key national government department informants. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate policy and interview content.

Results:

Elements of maternity protection policy are incorporated into South Africa’s constitutional dispensation, and some measures are consistent with international labor and social security standards. However, the policy framework is fragmented and difficult to interpret. The fragmented policy environment makes it challenging for employees to know their maternity rights’ entitlements and for employers to understand their responsibilities. Confusion regarding maternity protection rights is amplified by the complexity of ensuring access to different forms of maternal protection in pre- and postnatal stages, oversight by multiple government departments, and heterogenous working environments.

Conclusions:

Maternity protection in South Africa is fragmented and difficult to access. Overcoming these challenges requires legislative and implementation measures to ensure greater policy coherence and comprehensive guidance on maternity protection rights. Addressing gaps in maternity protection in South Africa may provide insights for other countries with shortcomings in maternity protection provisions and could contribute to improved breastfeeding practices.
Online Addictions Among Adolescents and Young Adults in Iran: The Role of Attachment Styles and Gender
Authors: Salehi Elham , Fallahchai Reza , Griffiths Mark
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the role of attachment styles and gender among different online addictions (social media addiction, online gaming addiction, and internet addiction) among adolescents and young adults via an online survey. The participants comprised 943 Iranian students (440 females) selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The survey included the nine-item form of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (Laconi et al., 2019), nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (Pontes & Griffiths, 2015), Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (Andreassen et al., 2016), and Parent and Peer Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Gullone & Robinson, 2005). The results showed that online addictions were negatively correlated with secure attachment style, while insecure styles were positively correlated with all three types of online addiction. The results also showed that young adults were more involved in online activities, online addictive behaviors increased with age, and online gaming addiction was more prevalent among males than females. These findings indicate that individuals with a secure attachment style are less susceptible to online addictions and individuals with an insecure attachment style report more online addiction.
Providing Extra Information Increases Blood Donor Return After Deferral While Offering an Alternative Good Deed Does Not: Results From a Field Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Spekman Marloes L. C. , van Tilburg Theo G. , Merz Eva-Maria
Published: July 2022

Donating blood (components) is considered a “good deed,” especially in voluntary, nonremunerated contexts where blood is donated for unknown recipients. For donor and recipient safety, blood banks apply deferral criteria. Deferred donors are less likely to return for future donations. Based on theory (e.g., on emotion, habit, and identity) and practice, several methods have been suggested to encourage return after deferral, yet few of these methods have been tested in rigorous study designs, or in the field. In this study, we therefore investigated whether offering an alternative “good deed” or providing additional information about deferral would increase donor return. Results of a randomized controlled field trial at 10 Dutch blood donation centers showed that offering alternative good deeds after deferral did not significantly increase donor return, while providing additional information did increase whole blood donor return. This suggests that additional information contributes to the continuation of pro-social behavior.
Cooling of Cells and Organs Confers Extensive DNA Strand Breaks Through Oxidative Stress and ATP Depletion
Authors: Tolouee Marziyeh , Hendriks Koen D. W. , Lie Fia Fia , Gartzke Lucas P. , Goris Maaike , Hoogstra-Berends Femke , Bergink Steven , Henning Robert H.
Published: July 2022

Cooling at 4°C is routinely used to lower metabolism and preserve cell and tissue integrity in laboratory and clinical settings, including organ transplantation. However, cooling and rewarming produce cell damage, attributed primarily to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon rewarming. While DNA represents a highly vulnerable target of ROS, it is unknown whether cooling and/or rewarming produces DNA damage. Here, we show that cooling alone suffices to produce extensive DNA damage in cultured primary cells and cell lines, including double-strand breaks (DSBs), as shown by comet assay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cooling-induced DSB formation is time- and temperature-dependent and coincides with an excess production of ROS, rather than a decrease in ATP levels. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that DNA damage activates the DNA damage response marked by the formation of nuclear foci of proteins involved in DSB repair, γ-H2Ax, and 53BP1. Subsequent rewarming for 24 h fails to recover ATP levels and only marginally lowers DSB amounts and nuclear foci. Precluding ROS formation by dopamine and the hydroxychromanol, Sul-121, dose-dependently reduces DSBs. Finally, a standard clinical kidney transplant procedure, using cold static storage in UW preservation solution up to 24 h in porcine kidney, lowered ATP, increased ROS, and produced increasing amounts of DSBs with recruitment of 53BP1. Given that DNA repair is erroneous by nature, cooling-inflicted DNA damage may affect cell survival, proliferation, and genomic stability, significantly impacting cellular and organ function, with relevance in stem cell and transplantation procedures.
Supplementation With Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, and Copper Re-Establishes T-Cell Function and Improves Motor Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Garcia Elisa , Hernández-Ayvar Fernanda , Rodríguez-Barrera Roxana , Flores-Romero Adrián , Borlongan Cesar , Ibarra Antonio
Published: July 2022

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes a dysfunction of sympathetic nervous system innervation that affects the immune system, leading to immunosuppression syndrome (ISS) and contributing to patient degeneration and increased risk of several infections. A possible therapeutic strategy that could avoid further patient deterioration is the supplementation with Vitamin E or trace elements, such as Zinc, Selenium, and Copper, which individually promotes T-cell differentiation and proliferative responses. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, and Copper supplementation preserves the number of T-lymphocytes and improves their proliferative function after traumatic SCI. Sprague–Dawley female rats were subjected to moderate SCI and then randomly allocated into three groups: (1) SCI + supplements; (2) SCI + vehicle (olive oil and phosphate-buffered saline); and (3) sham-operated rats. In all rats, the intervention was initiated 15 min after SCI and then administered daily until the end of study. Locomotor recovery was assessed at 7 and 15 days after SCI. At 15 days after supplementation, the quantification of the number of T-cells and its proliferation function were examined. Our results showed that the SCI + supplements group presented a significant improvement in motor recovery at 7 and 15 days after SCI. In addition, this group showed a better T-cell number and proliferation rate than that observed in the group with SCI + vehicle. Our findings suggest that Vitamin E, Zinc, Selenium, and Copper supplementation could be part of a therapy for patients suffering from acute SCI, helping to preserve T-cell function, avoiding complications, and promoting a better motor recovery. All procedures were approved by the Animal Bioethics and Welfare Committee (Approval No. 201870; CSNBTBIBAJ 090812960).
Unwrapping Victoria’s general environmental duty to plastics communities: Synthetic statutes
Authors: Shirley L M , Aprile Miranda , Byrne Hayley , Jessup Brad , Liu Shuai
Published: July 2022

The manufacture, storage and disposal of plastics can have significant negative impacts on communities living near plastics facilities, which we have termed ‘plastics communities’. This article discusses how the general environmental duty, under Victoria’s reformed Environment Protection Act 2017, can be utilised by plastics communities. This duty has the potential to reduce the harm caused by plastics industries and contribute towards broader environmental justice.
Educating Nursing Students About Female Genital Cutting/Mutilation Using a Standardized Patient in a Virtual Dramatization Simulation
Authors: Wyss Lora , Donnenwirth Jo Ann , Ross Ratchneewan , Hess Rosanna F.
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Female genital cutting/mutilation (FGC/M) is a ritual to remove any or all of the external female genitalia. Educational strategies regarding the teaching of FGC/M for nursing students are scarce. The focus of this article is to describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a virtual, FGC/M-related dramatization simulation with a standardized patient (SP).

Methods:

This educational intervention used an East African immigrant woman as the SP with 35 undergraduate nursing students in two nursing schools in the Midwest United States.

Results:

Participants appraised the simulation as an effective way to teach and learn about FGC/M. Debriefing was a key part of the simulation.

Discussion:

Students felt the simulation was novel and engaging for a highly sensitive topic. The SP thought the virtual setting made it more comfortable for her to reveal sensitive facts. The researchers confirmed that the simulation required extensive time commitment to develop, critique, and implement.
Same Gaming: An Exploration of Relationships Between Gender Traits, Sexual Orientation, Motivations, and Enjoyment of Playing Video Games
Authors: Kneer Julia , Zhang Yubo , Żerebecki Bartosz Grzegorz , Wulf Tim
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Existing research has focused on sex and gender to explain video games playing motivations and enjoyment. This study investigated gender traits and sexual orientation to further explain why people play games and what leads to gaming enjoyment.

Methods

Participants ( N = 198) answered questions on gender traits (positive/negative feminity/masculinity), gaming motivations, enjoyment, sexual orientation (32.0% of the sample belonged to the lesbian, gay, and bisexual community, later LGB community), and demographics.

Results

Only certain gender traits are linked to specific gaming motivations. Negative masculinity increased competence and relatedness while negative femininity decreased autonomy. Similar results were found for sexual orientation. LGB people showed less competence and intuitive control motivations. Additionally, LGB people spent more time playing video games than non-LGB people. They reported playing puzzles more as well. No other differences were found for game genre selection.

Discussion

The lack of differences based on sexual orientation and gender traits shows that video games offer an environment for everybody and thus have the potential to bring people together.
A Parent Education Program for Single Fathers’ Parent-Child Relationship in Rural China: A Pretest–Posttest-Follow-Up Study
Authors: Luo Yan , Zhang Anao , Qi An
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This study evaluates a parent education program (PEP), a 13-session group intervention, for single fathers’ parental self-efficacy and father-child relationship in rural areas in China. Methods: Through convenience sampling, 16 single fathers received a parental education program for their parental self-efficacy and the father-child relationship between May 30 and August 30, 2020. Results: Most single fathers (14 out of 16) completed all intervention sessions and assessments. Statistically significant improvements were observed for pre-, post-, and follow-up scores for parental self-efficacy, father-child relationship, and certain subdomains of family participation. Conclusions: A group-based parental education program for parental self-efficacy and parent-child relationship shows promise for supporting single fathers from rural areas in China and in improving the wellness of their children.
Social Work Licensure and Regulation in the United States: Current Trends and Recommendations for the Future
Authors: Morrow Deana F.
Published: July 2022

Purpose: This article provides a review of current trends in social work licensure and regulation in the United States. Methods: Topics include practice regulation, the purpose of licensure, the gap between social work education and regulation, and practice mobility. Results: Recommendations for advancing licensure and regulation practices for the future are also provided. Conclusion: Includes narrowing the gap between Council on Social Work Education standards and Association of Social Work Boards exam content, improving licensure preparation in educational settings, resolving macro practice concerns about social work licensure, developing consistency across license titles, providing transparency in exam pass rate demographics, achieving practice mobility, and advancing empirical research on testing and practice competence.
“If You Can Just Break the Stigma Around It”: LGBTQI+ Migrants’ Experiences of Stigma and Mental Health
Authors: Haghiri-Vijeh Roya , Clark Nancy
Published: July 2022

Migrants, that is people who experience forced displacement or move based on being lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, two-spirit, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+), experience increased trauma and stigma when compared to heterosexual and cisgender people. The aim of this paper is to highlight LGBTQI+ migrants’ experiences of health and social care encounters in Canada. Gadamerian hermeneutics and an intersectionality lens was used to understand LGBTQI+ migrants’ experiences. A total of 16 semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with LGBTQI+ migrants. Themes of stigma and discrimination were identified as (1) “I never went back”: Stigma as an exclusionary experience, (2) “Is [your country of birth] really that bad”: Fear, safety, and cultural stigma, and (3) “The circle … is not going to fix my life”: LGBTQI+ migrants’ call for affirming care. Results suggest that health and social care practices are stigmatizing and discriminatory which negatively impacts LGBTQI+ migrant mental health. Salient practices for promoting mental health included affirming LGBTQI+ identities and orientations through health and social care practices that are culturally safe as well as trauma and violence informed.
Postoperative Application of Dexmedetomidine is the Optimal Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Postoperative Delirium After Cardiac Surgery: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Shang Limei , Hou Ming , Guo Fengying
Published: July 2022

Background:

Previous pairwise meta-analyses demonstrated the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative delirium (POD) after cardiac surgery; however, the optimal time of applying dexmedetomidine remains unclear.

Objective:

This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the optimal time of using dexmedetomidine to reduce the incidence of POD following cardiac surgery.

Methods:

We first retrieved eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from previous meta-analyses, and then an updated search was performed to identify additional RCTs in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library from January 1, 2021 to October 31, 2021. Two authors screened literature, collected data, and evaluated bias risk of eligible studies. Finally, we performed Bayesian network analysis using R version 3.6.1 with the “gemtc” and “rjags” package.

Results:

Eighteen studies with 2636 patients were included, and all studies were identified from previous meta-analyses. Results showed that postoperative dexmedetomidine reduced the risk of POD compared with normal saline (NS) (odds ratio [OR], 0.13; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.03-0.35) and propofol (PRO) (OR, 0.19; 95%CrI, 0.04-0.66). Postoperative dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower incidence of POD compared with perioperative dexmedetomidine (OR, 0.21; 95% CrI, 0.04-0.82). Moreover, postoperative dexmedetomidine had the highest probability of ranking best (90.98%), followed by intraoperative dexmedetomidine (46.83%), PRO (36.94%), perioperative dexmedetomidine (30.85%), and NS (60.02%).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of POD compared with PRO and NS in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and postoperative application of dexmedetomidine is the optimal time.
“A Different Way to Survive”: The Experiences of Family Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Masoud Sara , Glassner Ashlie A. , Mendoza Mayra , Rhodes Shanae , White Carole L.
Published: July 2022

Family caregivers of persons living with dementia often experience challenges to their health and quality of life related to their caregiving role. The COVID-19 pandemic added substantially to the responsibilities of family caregivers, potentially putting them at greater risk of poor health outcomes and impeded quality of life. To better understand the impact of the pandemic on the experiences of family caregivers, a multimethods study was conducted. Family caregivers of persons living with dementia were invited to complete a cross-sectional survey and a subset of survey respondents were invited to participate in focus groups for added insight. A total of 161 caregivers responded to the survey and 30 participated in the focus groups. Qualitative data from focus groups were used to elucidate deeper insight into quantitative findings from the survey. Findings reflect that the pandemic affected family caregiver health and wellness, access of care and resources, identity, and resilience.
Demand for and Occurrence of Medication Cost Conversations: A Narrative Review
Authors: Everson Jordan , Henderson Sarah C. , Cheng Audrey , Senft Nicole , Whitmore Christine , Dusetzina Stacie B.
Published: July 2022

High medication prices can create a financial burden for patients and reduce medication initiation. To improve decision making, public policy is supporting development of tools to provide real-time prescription drug prices. We reviewed the literature on medication cost conversations to characterize the context in which these tools may be used. Our review included 42 articles: a median of 84% of patients across four clinical specialties reported a desire for cost conversations ( n = 7 articles) but only 23% reported having held a cost conversation across six specialties ( n = 16 articles). Non-White and older patients were less likely to report having held a cost conversation than White and younger patients in 9 of 13 and 5 of 9 articles, respectively, examining these associations. Our review indicates that tools providing price information may not result in improved decision making without complementary interventions that increase the frequency of cost conversations with a focus on protected groups.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Community-Engaged Homicide Research
Authors: AbiNader Millan A. , Messing Jill T. , Pizarro Jesenia , Campbell Jacquelyn
Published: July 2022

COVID-19 transformed society, affecting how every sector conducted work. Researchers, law enforcement, and social service agencies had to adapt procedures to a virtual space—moving participant recruitment, warrant requests, and protection orders online. Researcher-practitioner partnerships also altered, halting in-person data collection and agencies having limited time to support guests, regardless of interest. While some COVID-19-related challenges will likely subside, the future of these partnerships seems to have permanently shifted. In this research note, we reflect on these shifts using an example of an intimate partner homicide study to discuss research adaptions to COVID-19 and the future of community-engaged homicide research.
Partisan schism in America’s newest swing state
Authors: Hood MV , McKee Seth C
Published: July 2022

We assess the opinions of Georgia voters regarding the 2020 presidential election, election administration, and voting laws following passage of Senate Bill (SB) 202. After the 2020 presidential election and subsequent 2021 Senate runoffs, contests all won by Democrats in Georgia, the Republican-controlled legislature passed SB 202 to appease their agitated and disaffected base of supporters. It appears that SB 202 had the effect of boosting Republican voters’ confidence in Georgia’s election system while registering the opposite effect among Democratic voters. Indeed, across a host of questions, including several asking about specific provisions in SB 202, we find a partisan schism in opinions expressed by Democrats and Republicans.
AIDS melodrama now: Queer tears in It’s a Sin and Pose
Authors: Duckels Gabriel
Published: July 2022

This short article compares the British TV show It’s a Sin and the American TV show Pose as landmark new examples of AIDS melodrama – a genre of tear-jerking, mass-market AIDS narrative which has renewed popularity due to contemporary investment in the queer histories of AIDS in the United Kingdom and the United States. While both shows deploy melodramatic aesthetics to stage the grief, virtue, and injustices endured by queer people living with HIV/AIDS in London and New York City prior to the arrival of antiretroviral medication, I argue that the squeezed budget and truncated format of It’s a Sin – reduced from a longer series, to eight episodes, to five episodes – means that each episode builds towards the climax of the dead gay male body in anachronistic, contradictory ways. By contrast, I find that the lush excess of Pose transcends realism to dodge stereotypes of Black suffering and construct a queer history of AIDS in New York that is not reliant on the white gay male imaginary; a variation of what Saidiya Hartman calls critical fabulation. This short article thus aims to show that the cultural politics of melodrama remain central to the representation of AIDS history, and that AIDS melodrama can be a radical as well as reductive or ambivalent genre.
Theorizing the 2017 blockchain ICO bubble as a network scam
Authors: Swartz Lana
Published: July 2022

In the popular imagination and in academic literature, scams are usually seen as dyadic, involving a con artist and a mark. This article retheorizes scams as networked, collective activity. Scams, like all commerce, are shaped by and in turn shape communication channels. The “network scam” is therefore offered as a lens for understanding scams in the digital economy more broadly. As a case study, this article documents the 2017 Initial Coin Offering (ICO) Bubble. ICOs were supposed to be a new, radically disruptive way of crowdfunding to finance the development of a new, radically disruptive blockchain technological ecosystem. All told, ICOs raised an estimated $5 billion in 2017 alone. But by all analyses—both from observers and participants, both during the bubble and after—the vast majority of ICO turned out to be scams. This article uses these scams to theorize the “network scam” as a collaborative effort to bring about a shared future, but one that is fundamentally characterized by arbitrage on uneven belief among participants in that future ever coming to pass.
Platforms as phish farms: Deceptive social engineering at scale
Authors: McNealy Jasmine E.
Published: July 2022

Phishing is a method of social engineering—it attempts to influence behavior and/or beliefs—in which a party either “imitates a trusted source” (Felix & Hauck, 1987) or induces another party to trust or place more or a different kind of trust in it. I argue that by their very nature, social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and others are large-scale phishing operations designed to collect information about users surreptitiously. Although providing terms of service and privacy policies, an individual has no way of knowing the extent of the platform’s personal data collection. This article reconsiders platforms as organizational phishing, and just as harmful as that done by hackers or others seeking unjust enrichment. To do this, this article identifies the significant elements of platform phishing by examining the descriptions of platform conduct provided in regulatory actions taken by the US Federal Trade Commission.
“Have you learned your lesson?” Communities of practice under algorithmic competition
Authors: Watkins Elizabeth Anne
Published: July 2022

Gig workers are typically thought of as individuals toiling in digitized isolation, not as communities of shared learning. While it’s accurate to say they don’t have the same information-sharing norms as people in traditional employment arrangements, some do gather, in part in digital communities. Online forums, in this space, have become popular sites for gathering, sharing information, and comparing practices. These behaviors provide an opportunity to examine gig workers as emergent communities of practice, and to analyze how work, identity, skills, and workspaces co-constitute each other as sociotechnical environments of work change. In this research, I examine workers’ interactions in an online forum, and focus on how they talk about scams. Analysis reveals that talking about scams is a way for workers to enact belonging in their community of practice. Victims are belittled by other workers, who frame vulnerability, and lack of foresight due to unfamiliarity with the forum itself, as a lack of authenticity. Repudiations are denunciations through which workers assert their belonging. These findings illuminate the practices of what I call “para-organizational” work, with implications for knowledge management in structures of algorithmic competition.
Introduction to special issue on scams, fakes, and frauds
Authors: Poster Winifred R
Published: July 2022

Deception is a pervasive feature of the online marketplace: from phone calls by fake tech support workers at Microsoft, to fraudulent emails asking for advance fee payment, and fake postings for jobs on employment platforms. Building off interdisciplinary discussions within science and technology studies (STS), this special issue expands research on the underside, illicit, and irregular forms of digital behavior. Our focus is on how scams, fakes, and frauds are embedded in the digital economy. In particular, we look at the institutions shaping online scams, the labor involved in performing and/or navigating them, and the role of platforms in hosting them.
Policing “Fake” Femininity: Authenticity, Accountability, and Influencer Antifandom
Authors: Duffy Brooke Erin , Miltner Kate M. , Wahlstedt Amanda
Published: July 2022

Although social media influencers enjoy a coveted status position in the popular imagination, their requisite career visibility opens them up to intensified public scrutiny and—more pointedly—networked hate and harassment. Key repositories of such critique are influencer “hateblogs”—forums for anti-fandom often dismissed as frivolous gossip or, alternatively, denigrated as conduits for cyberbullying and misogyny. This article draws upon an analysis of a women-dominated community of anti-fans, Get Off My Internets (GOMIBLOG), to show instead how influencer hateblogs are discursive sites of gendered authenticity policing. Findings reveal that GOMI participants wage patterned accusations of duplicity across three domains where women influencers seemingly “have it all”: career, relationships, and appearance. But while antifans’ policing of “fake” femininity may purport to dismantle the artifice of social media self-enterprise, such expressions fail to advance progressive gender politics, as they target individual-level—rather than structural—inequities.
Blogging with dementia: Writing about lived experience of dementia in the public domain
Authors: Brooks Jenni , Savitch Nada
Published: July 2022

Public narratives around dementia have historically been negative, and have not been shaped by people with dementia themselves, but stories of living with dementia are becoming more common in the public domain. This qualitative study explored the motivations and experiences of bloggers by conducting interviews with six bloggers with dementia in the UK. Thematic analysis suggested that the asynchronous nature of blogging offered a valuable, personalised space for people with dementia to tell their own stories in their own way. Blogging as a format posed some practical challenges, but bloggers developed strategies to overcome these. Motivations for blogging were on three levels: the personal (as a journal, and as a ‘room of one’s own’); community (as solidarity for other people with dementia, and as comfort for families and friends) and society (as an educational and campaigning tool). Whilst the study is small, and there are many voices of people with dementia missing from the blogging community, this research demonstrates the potential for blogging by people with dementia to change public narratives and perceptions of dementia.
Power, populism, and a policy of grace: Moral perspectives in The Tyranny of Merit and Cut Loose
Authors: Chen Victor , Bland Timothy Beryl
Published: July 2022

We argue that the compelling critical perspective put forward by Michael Sandel in The Tyranny of Merit could benefit from the account of power that Cut Loose advanced in its earlier typology. First, the ways that principles of meritocracy serve the interests of particular social groups become clearer when we consider more fully the tensions that inherently exist between merit and other conceptions of the good. Second, the allure of these competing moral perspectives – above all, fraternal morality – helps us make sense of the turn toward nativist populism that we have seen in the United States and elsewhere. Amid the steady unraveling of religious and republican ties, a White working class has responded to its relative economic decline, in part, by seeking solace in ethnocentrism. Third, we argue that the morality of grace can offer an alternative source of existential meaning, which meritocracy – with its focus on contentless excellence – lacks, and which egalitarianism – with its materialist and secular viewpoint – often struggles to cultivate. Here, we turn to Sandel’s earlier book, What Money Can’t Buy, for inspiration, seeing grace as not just the absence of a meritocratic ethic of merciless competition, but a source of value, fulfillment, and connection in itself. We end our essay with a description of what such an economy and politics of grace might look like.
Deep Learning–Based Intraoperative Stent Graft Segmentation on Completion Digital Subtraction Angiography During Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Kappe Kaj O. , Smorenburg Stefan P. M. , Hoksbergen Arjan W. J. , Wolterink Jelmer M. , Yeung Kak Khee
Published: July 2022

Purpose:

Modern endovascular hybrid operating rooms generate large amounts of medical images during a procedure, which are currently mostly assessed by eye. In this paper, we present fully automatic segmentation of the stent graft on the completion digital subtraction angiography during endovascular aneurysm repair, utilizing a deep learning network.

Technique:

Completion digital subtraction angiographies (cDSAs) of 47 patients treated for an infrarenal aortic aneurysm using EVAR were collected retrospectively. A two-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) with a U-Net architecture was trained for segmentation of the stent graft from the completion angiographies. The cross-validation resulted in an average Dice similarity score of 0.957 ± 0.041 and median of 0.968 (IQR: 0.950 – 0.976). The mean and median of the average surface distance are 1.266 ± 1.506 mm and 0.870 mm (IQR: 0.490 – 1.430), respectively.

Conclusion:

We developed a fully automatic stent graft segmentation method based on the completion digital subtraction angiography during EVAR, utilizing a deep learning network. This can provide the platform for the development of intraoperative analytical applications in the endovascular hybrid operating room such as stent graft deployment accuracy, endoleak visualization, and image fusion correction.
Ruling with a velvet glove: The catalyzing role of humble leadership in transforming employees’ empowerment role identity into proactivity
Authors: Wen Bo , Guo Shenghao , Hu Qianqian , Wan Jinhan
Published: July 2022

Employees have always striven for a sense of empowerment while employers endeavor to forge a more proactive workforce that will strengthen organizations. However, the possible link between empowerment and proactivity, as well as the influence of other factors, has seldom been explored. This study fills this gap by examining how humble leadership can help employees with empowerment role identity to further strengthen their vitality and ultimately elicit proactive behavior. Using data collected from a sample of 326 employee-supervisor dyads in the information and communications technology (ICT) industry in China, we argue that employees’ vitality mediates the positive correlation between their empowerment role identity and proactive behavior. In light of the Johnson-Neyman technique, this study further indicates that the relationship between empowerment role identity and employee vitality is significantly positive when humble leadership is rated above 5.195 on a 7-point Likert scale; however, this relationship turns negative when humble leadership drops below 1.429. Thus, humble leadership moderates the mediating role that vitality plays in helping employees with empowerment needs to achieve greater proactivity. These findings deepen our understanding of how subordinates with relatively high power demands and enthusiasm can be effectively motivated in the workplace.
An Analysis of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Groove Morphology and Tendon Instability
Authors: Shoap Seth C. , Dennis Elizabeth R. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Wilkerson James , Wahood Menar , Rosenwasser Melvin P.
Published: July 2022

Background:

The extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon has a distinct subsheath at the distal ulna. Symptomatic tears of this subsheath and subluxation of the ECU tendon often require reconstruction. We sought to determine the anatomical constraints of the ECU subsheath.

Methods:

The ECU subsheath was exposed on 12 fresh-frozen upper extremities. The tip of the ulnar styloid, the distal ulnar joint surface, and the proximal extent of the distal radio-ulnar joint were identified and dimensions measured. Subluxation of the tendon was then assessed with and without an intact subsheath in 9 specimens. The travel of the tendon was measured in pronation through supination and flexion before and after sectioning of the subsheath.

Results:

The ECU subsheath is 8.9 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 0.8 mm) wide proximally and 9.0 mm (SD = 1.2 mm) distally. The distal ulnar insertion is 0.5 mm (SD = 0.8 mm) proximal to the tip of the styloid, and stretches 10.2 mm (SD = 2.7 mm) proximally. From maximum pronation to maximum supination and flexion, the ECU tendon traveled 3.32 mm (SD = 4.24) medially when the subsheath was intact and 5.42 mm (SD = 5.0 mm) after sectioning. The maximum depth of the ulnar groove was 2.5 mm (1.59-3.56 mm). There was no significant association between changes in ECU subluxation and the depth of the ECU groove (Spearman’s rho = 0.25).

Conclusion:

The ECU subsheath is roughly 1 cm square stretching proximally from the ulnar styloid. ECU groove depth is not a significant independent predictor of tendon subluxation.
Biomechanical Outcomes of Surgically Repaired TFCC Palmer Type 1B Tears: A Systematic Review of Cadaver Studies
Authors: Koeyvoets Claire Elisabeth Arnolda , Teunissen Joris Sebastiaan , Feitz Reinier , Hovius Steven , Hagert Elisabeth , van der Heijden Egberta Petronella Adriana
Published: July 2022

Background:

Palmer type 1B triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears are a common cause of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability. Unfortunately, the best surgical technique for TFCC reinsertion is still unknown, and up to a quarter of patients report instability after repair. The purpose of this systematic review of cadaver studies was to compare the biomechanical outcomes of different surgical techniques used for Palmer 1B TFCC tears.

Methods:

A systemic review of all cadaver studies published before January 2022 was performed using the PubMed and EMBASE databases. Only cadaver studies on reinsertion techniques for Palmer type 1B lesions were included. Biochemical outcome parameters evaluated were stability of the DRUJ and strength of the repair.

Results:

A total of 248 articles were identified. Five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Four different surgical techniques were identified. In 3 studies, transosseous tunnel repair was tested and resulted in the most stable DRUJ and strongest TFCC repair compared with the suture anchor repair, the peripheral capsular repair, and the outside-in repair.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the transosseous tunnel repair might be a good technique for restoring DRUJ stability. However, more cadaver studies are needed to identify the most optimal technique.
Patient Likelihood to Repeat Surgery After Highly “Successful” Hand Procedures
Authors: Chan Justin P. , London Daniel A. , Franko Orrin
Published: July 2022

Background:

Outcomes for routine hand procedures, such as carpal tunnel release, trigger finger release, and first dorsal compartment release, are typically reported as “highly successful” with “infrequent complications” based on classic literature. No contemporary study has utilized a large prospective registry to assess patient willingness to repeat surgery. We utilized a prospective hand registry to evaluate the proportion of patients that would repeat surgery after common hand procedures.

Methods:

We utilized a prospective, hand surgery registry to collect postoperative patient likelihood to repeat surgery in patients undergoing surgery for 9 common hand procedures. All measures were reported at 12, 24, or 52 weeks. We analyzed the percentage of patients that would repeat the procedure for all diagnoses, as well as stratified by the most common 9 isolated diagnoses.

Results:

At the time of analysis, 1905 patients met our inclusion criteria. The average percentage of patients across all procedures that would repeat surgery was 81.6%. When stratified by the most common 9 diagnoses the percentage of patients that would repeat surgery ranged from 51.9% (ulnar nerve surgery at the elbow) up to 87.5% (endoscopic carpal tunnel release).

Conclusions:

After undergoing routine hand procedures, a significant percentage of patients would choose not to repeat surgery. Hand surgeons can do better in setting clear and realistic preoperative expectations when counseling patients prior to even routine hand surgeries.
Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Curtailing the Expression of COX-II and Inflammatory Cytokines as Well as by Alleviating the Oxidative Stress
Authors: Jabeen Qaiser , Haider Syed Ihtisham , Asif Awais , Rasheed Rubina , Gul Shaheen , Arshad Shafia
Published: July 2022

Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet traditionally been used as home remedy for backaches, joint pain, colic, and rheumatism. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of plant in an adjuvant-induced arthritis paradigm. Immune-mediated rheumatoid arthritis was developed by injecting complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats and the aqueous methanolic crude extract was administered. The animals were physically monitored for changes in paw edema size and arthritic score. Hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory indicators evaluated. Genetic expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), necrosis factor (NF-κB), and cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme were studied using real-time qPCR. PGE2 levels in blood were quantified through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). On the 14th day, Immunoglobulin E (IGE) exhibited a substantial decline in paw edema and arthritic score. At the doses of 500 mg/Kg ( P ≤ .05) and 1000 mg/Kg ( P ≤ .001), IGE significantly reduced TNF-α, interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression. IGE significantly lowered the MDA levels at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/Kg (13.18 ± .70 and 9.04 ± .26 μM/L respectively) as compared to arthritic control (30.82 ± 1.12 μM/L) group. IGE significantly improved the antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT and SOD ( P ≤ .001) in treated animals. TNF-α, interleukins, and COX-II mRNA expression were also significantly reduced at the doses of 300 ( P ≤ .05), 500 ( P ≤ .01) and 1000 mg/Kg ( P ≤ .001) which were expressed as fold changes. This study shows that Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex sweet has a strong potential to alleviate immune-mediated arthritis by lowering oxidative stress and downregulating the proinflammatory cytokines signaling mechanisms.
Research on a hybrid controller combining RBF neural network supervisory control and expert PID in motor load system control
Authors: Gao Hongliang , Xiong Lang
Published: July 2022

Considering the contradiction among the response speed, overshoot and stability of system when the motor load system adopts PID control, a control strategy combining RBF (Radial Basis Function) neural network supervisory control and expert PID control is designed to effectively improve this problem in this paper. First of all, the related algorithms of RBF neural network supervisory control composed of RBF neural network and PID control (RSC-PID) is introduced. This method can make the motor load system reach a steady state faster than simple PID control. But RSC-PID is also unsatisfactory in terms of overshoot. Based on the RSC-PID control method, a hybrid controller combining RBF neural network supervisory control and expert PID control (RSC-EPID) is proposed. This method combines RSC-PID control theory with expert PID control ideas, further improves the stability and rapidity of the system, reduces the overshoot. Moreover, when the input signal is a time-varying signal with interference, the motor load system shows better anti-interference performance after using RSC-EPID. The simulation results show that RSC-EPID control improves the tracking effect of the output signal of the motor load system, ensures the stability of the system, and improves the performance of the system.