bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of anisotropy of collagen structures through spatial frequencies of Mueller matrix images for cervical pre-cancer detection
Authors: Zaffar Mohammad , Pradhan Asima
Published: December 2019

Analysis of spatial frequency of Mueller matrix (MM) images in the Fourier domain yields quantifying parameters of anisotropy in the stromal region in normal and precancerous tissue sections of human uterine cervix. The spatial frequencies of MM elements reveal reliable information of microscopic structural organization arising from the different orientations of collagen fibers in the connective tissue and their randomization with disease progression. Specifically, the local disorder generated in the normal periodic and regular structure of collagen during the growth of the cervical cancer finds characteristic manifestation in the Fourier spectrum of the selected Mueller matrix elements encoding the anisotropy effects through retardance and birefringence. In contrast, Fourier spectra of differential polarization gated images are limited to only one orientation of collagen. Fourier spectra of first row elements M11, M12, M13, and M14 and first column elements M11, M21, M31, and M41 discriminates cervical inter-epithelial neoplasia (CIN)-I from normal cervical tissue samples with 95%–100% sensitivity and specificity. FFT spectra of first and fourth row elements classify CIN-I and CIN-II grades of cervical cancerous tissues with 90%–100% sensitivity and 87%–100% specificity. Normal and CIN-II grade samples are successfully discriminated through Fourier spectra of every MM element while that of M31 element arises as the key classifier among normal, CIN-I, and CIN-II grades of cervical cancer with 100% sensitivity and specificity. These results demonstrate the promise of spatial frequency analysis of Mueller matrix images as a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach for cancer/precancer detection.
M-ary phase-shift keying-based single-input-multiple-output free space optical communication system with pointing errors over a gamma–gamma fading channel
Authors: Malik Suman , Sahu Prasant Kumar
Published: December 2019

The performance of free space optical (FSO) communication systems is severely affected due to a number of reasons, such as atmospheric impairments, fading due to turbulence, and misalignment between transmitter and receiver sections. In this paper, we have analyzed the atmospheric turbulence and pointing error effect on M-ary phase-shift keying modulation (M-PSK)-based FSO system link performance over a gamma–gamma fading channel. In our analysis, the effect of a weak-to-strong atmospheric turbulence channel condition and pointing errors are taken into consideration. To deal with the performance degradation, a single-input-multiple-output (SIMO) link along with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity scheme is employed. The closed-form expressions for the estimation of average bit error rate (BER), outage probability, and spectral efficiency are derived in terms of the Meijer G-function. The analytical results are presented to indicate the effect of turbulence and pointing errors on BER. The outage probability and spectral efficiency of the proposed SIMO-FSO system with MRC technique improved significantly. The accuracy of all the analytical results is verified by Monte Carlo simulation.
Innovative fiber Bragg grating filter based on a graphene photonic crystal microcavity
Authors: Bozorgzadeh Forough , Ahmadi Davood , Sahrai Mostafa
Published: December 2019

We propose a new model for a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) filter based on one-dimensional defective photonic bandgap structures, which operates within telecom windows. The device is realized in an asymmetric

S
i
O

2

/

T
i
O

2

photonic crystal (PC) microcavity with the defect layer of the graphene disk placed in the center of the structure. The theoretical analysis of the optical properties of the narrowband FBG filter is given based on the combination of the density matrix approach with the transfer matrix method. The effect of the incident angle and the polarization of the probe field on the transmittance spectra is calculated. Also, tuning the filtering wavelength and the number of guided modes is performed by changing the properties of PC’s defect layer. It is shown that depending on the ratio of the coupling fields’ intensity, the probe field absorption can be minimized and even be amplified in

λ
0

=
1550

n
m

. The results show very promising potential for fabrication of FBG filters operating in the near-infrared regime for light wave communications.
Experimental demonstration of full-field quantum optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ibarra-Borja Zeferino , Sevilla-Gutiérrez Carlos , Ramírez-Alarcón Roberto , Cruz-Ramírez Hector , U’Ren Alfred B.
Published: December 2019

We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first implementation of full-field quantum optical coherence tomography (FF-QOCT). In our system, we are able to obtain full three-dimensional (3D) information about the internal structure of a sample under study by relying on transversely resolved Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interferometry with the help of an intensified CCD (ICCD) camera. Our system requires a single axial scan, obtaining full-field transverse single-photon intensity in coincidence with the detection of the sibling photon for each value of the signal-idler temporal delay. We believe that this capability constitutes a significant step forward toward the implementation of QOCT as a practical biomedical imaging technique.
La participación del estudiantado en el diseño curricular de la educación para la paz transformadora
Authors: Ramos Muslera Esteban Andrés , Montañés Serrano Manuel
Published: December 2019

Teniendo como finalidad mejorar la currícula del programa Jóvenes Voluntari@s Universitari@s por la Paz del Área de Paz del Instituto Universitario en Democracia, Paz y Seguridad (IUDPAS) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (UNAH), se desarrolló un proceso participativo entre los y las participantes recurriendo a la metodología de la sistematización consistente en una crítica reconstrucción de la experiencia educativa con la que propiciar la reflexión colectiva sobre el proceso vivido. En este artículo se expone el marco teórico de partida, la metodología empleada y los resultados del proceso implementado.
Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors
Authors: Ouslimani Sabrine Fazia , Tennah Safia , Azzag Naouelle , Derdour Salima Yamina , China Bernard , Ghalmi Farida
Published: December 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of the Toxoplasma gondii in horses in different parts of Algeria and to determine risk factors for the infection.

Materials and Methods: A total of 736 blood samples were collected from horses of various breeds, gender, coat colors, and ages. All horses came from various farms, racecourses, and equestrian centers. The seroprevalence was investigated by three different methods: Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) as reference method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and latex agglutination test (LAT).

Results: Out of the 736 sera, 178 (24.18%) were positive for IFAT, 133 (18.07%) for LAT, and 317 (43.07%) for ELISA. It was found that IFAT and LAT were in high agreement (Kappa 0.79), indicating that LAT and IFAT had similar capabilities in the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies from horse sera. Risk factors analysis based on IFAT results indicated that the habit of the animals was significant risk factors (p≤0.05) for Toxoplasma infection. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in horses living on farms. Moreover, a higher seroprevalence was found in older animals compared to younger ones. Furthermore, the seroprevalence in females was significantly higher than that in males and gelding. Breed, coat color, and water sources are also important factors to influence the seroprevalence of T. gondii.

Conclusion: The results indicated that T. gondii is present in horses throughout Algeria and thus represents a risk for both human and animal health. These results underline the need to increase the vigilance and the preventive measures against this disease not only to protect the horses but also to limit the spread of the parasite.
Small ruminants as a pathway to reduce urban poverty: An empirical analysis of Sudan
Authors: Elzaki Raga , Abdalla Samar , Al-Mahish Mohammed
Published: December 2019

Aim: This study aimed to measure the energetic incidence of poverty and determines the main factors that cause urban poverty. Moreover, the study examines the key role of the livestock sector in poverty reduction in urban regions and develops an analytical tool to aid in urban area poverty mitigation through goats and sheep ownership. Materials and Methods: The study mainly depends on primary data assembled through structured and unstructured questionnaires, which were distributed among the targeted groups in the urban area in Sudan. Poverty line and poverty indices were calculated and measured using various well-known methods. The causes of poverty were estimated using logistic regression, and the effect of small ruminants in poverty alleviation was estimated using multivariate regression analysis. Results: The study findings indicate that both food and income poverty lines are less than the standard poverty line. In addition, the results imply that rural migration and crime predictors are among the most important factors in increasing urban poverty in the study area. Furthermore, livestock ownership has a significant impact on poverty reduction. Conclusion: The study concludes that small ruminants are playing a key role in reducing urban poverty. Thus, the study urges planners and policy-makers to support policies that promote livestock sector development as a strategy to alleviate poverty in Sudan.
Integrating tsunami risk assessments in development planning: lessons from Western India
Authors: Bradley Richard , Guillas Serge , Jain Garima , Johnson Cassidy , Malladi Teja , Wesely Julia
Published: December 2019

A natural, if idealised, picture of the role of risk assessments in planning sees decision-makers drawing on the risk projections provided by natural and social scientific models and fashioning policies or plans that maximise expected benefit relative to this information. In this paper we draw on our study of the use tsunami science in development planning in Western India to identify ways in which this idealised picture fails to reflect important difficulties encountered by both the science and policy domains, including the representation and communication of scientific uncertainty and the management of this uncertainty within the planning system. We highlight aspects of the management of these uncertainties pose pressing problems and make some suggestions as to how they might be resolved.
Male health and obesity – diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Authors: Gamidov Safar I. , Shatylko Taras V. , Gasanov Natig G.
Published: December 2019

Obesity may present as a significant medical problem for any person, regardless of age or gender. In men obesity causes considerable psychological stress, sexual dysfunction, subfertility, hypogonadism and cardiovascular conditions. These problems may form numerous pathological associations between each other, creating a vicious circle. The main factors which influence male fertility and sexual function in obesity and metabolic syndrome are imbalance of sex hormones and systemic inflammation. In many patients symptomatic treatment is necessary for above-mentioned manifestations, but it is always rational to act on their pathophysiology and to recommend to lower the body mass by diet and lifestyle modification. When it proves impossible for the patient to follow such recommendations and when behavioral approach fails, central-acting and peripheral-acting medications may be used, including orlistat, sibutramine and liraglutide. Bariatric surgery should be offered to patients with high body mass index in whom conservative management fails. Without elimination of excess body mass it is difficult to solve problems regarding sexual dysfunction, hypogonadism and subfertility in obese males. All these issues and available modes of pharmacological treatment are described in this review.
Obesity – threat to the reproductive potential of Russia
Authors: Andreeva Elena N. , Sheremetyeva Ekaterina V. , Fursenko Valentina A.
Published: December 2019

Obesity is a recurring polyetiological disease. Overweight are 3060% of women of reproductive age, and 2527% are obese. By 2025, it is expected that 50% of women on our planet will be obese. Obesity in women of reproductive age is accompanied by a high frequency of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, endometrial pathology, infertility. During pregnancy, this group of women has a higher risk of short term loss, including pregnancy in the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. Weight gain and obesity can lead to decreased fertility in women. The body mass index of a woman of reproductive age negatively affects the course of pregnancy, namely: the risk of gestational diabetes, increased blood pressure, eclampsia, the pathological course of the birth act and the pathology of the newborn increase. Obesity in women of reproductive age is an independent risk factor for cancer: breast cancer and endometrial cancer, and also leads to a decrease in the survival rate for ovarian cancer. Obesity often accompanies polycystic ovary syndrome, which occurs in every 10th patient of reproductive age. The combination of these diseases increases the risk of cardiometabolic conditions such as impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Weight loss in these patients is a necessary component of complex therapy aimed at improving reproductive potential.
Angiotensin II and transforming growth factor β affect cardiovascular and renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: benefits of dpp-4 inhibitors treatment
Authors: Shvangiradze Teona A. , Bondarenko Irina Z. , Troshina Ekaterina A. , Shestakova Marina V. , Nikankina Larisa V. , Fedorova Natalia S.
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and peripheral insulin resistance, which is accompanied by an high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nephropathy. Metabolic syndrome and T2DM are accompanied by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, which is also associated with increased risk of CVD and kidney damage. Obesity lead to a wide range of pathophysiological changes, that stimulate cardiac fibrosis, and various fibrosis processes initiation, including activation of transforming growth factor (TGF-).
AIMS: To determine activity of angiotensin II (Ang II) and TGF- in patients with obesity and T2DM and their association with heart and kidney damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ang II and TGF- were identified in the peripheral blood of 66 obese patients aged 48-65 years. The first group included 21 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and T2DM; The second group included 22 patients with T2DM and excluded CHD; The third group 20 patients with normal glucose metabolism and excluded CHD.
RESULTS: The values of TGF- in the 1st group (patients with CHD) were statistically lower than in the group of metabolically healthy obesity (p=0.021). Patients who received DPP-4 inhibitors had a lower Ang II level compared to patients with other hypoglycemic therapy (p=0.005). TGF- positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in all patients (r=-0.414, p=0.006). TGF- negatively correlated with the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis in patients of the 2nd group (r=-0.42, p=0.09) and LDL-cholesterol in all patients (r=-0.426, p=0.038).
CONCLUSIONS: TGF- negatively correlated with the factors that contribute to CVD progression. TGF- correlated with pathological angiogenesis and changes in normal cardiac geometry in obesity, T2DM and CHD. DPP-4 inhibitors can improve the cardiovascular prognosis in this group of patients by affecting Ang II level. Low levels of TGF- were associated with higher cardiovascular risk and were commonly found in patients with more severe nephropathy.
A proposta de parceria transatlântica de comércio e investimentos: uma visão a partir do debate macroeconômico
Authors: Lourenço André Luís Cabral de , Silva Aline Michelle da , Do Nascimento Neto Genival Porfírio , Alves Helderlane Carneiro , Piroit Laetitia Henriette , Nunes da Silva Maria Alessandra , Sena Valéria Cristina de Souza Lima Galvão de
Published: December 2019

A Parceria Transatlântica de Comércio e Investimentos é uma proposta do governo Obama para ampliação dos laços comerciais entre EUA e União Europeia. O presente artigo tem por objetivo avaliar dois conjuntos de trabalhos – ortodoxo e heterodoxo – que buscam avaliar os impactos macroeconômicos e setoriais dessainiciativa. Usando como referência a literatura macroeconômica contemporânea para examinar as bases teóricas subjacentes aos dois conjuntos de contribuições, conclui-se que ambos enviesam o resultado da análise dos impactos do possível acordo, embora em direções opostas. O consequente prejuízo sobre o debate público pode ter contribuído para seu virtual congelamento pelo governo Trump.
Relações intersetoriais e dinâmica do complexo lácteo de Minas Gerais no período 2005 a 2008
Authors: Finamore Eduardo Belisário , Gomes Adriano Provezano
Published: December 2019

O artigo teve como objetivos identificar a composição e o peso setorial do complexo lácteo de Minas Gerais, bem como a dinâmica temporal da demanda agregada utilizando as matrizes de insumo-produto de 2005 e 2008. Em um primeiro momento foi avaliada as relações setoriais para o ano de 2008 por meio de indicadores de grau de autonomia e em um segundo momento analisou-se a dinâmica dos componentes dademanda agregada entre 2005 e 2008. Verificou-se que, em 2008, a produção do agrupamento formado pelos setores “Leite de vaca”, “Leite resfriado” e “Produtos de laticínios” apresentou um nível de autonomia no suprimento de insumos elevado para as vendas. Entre 2005 e 2008 foi observado uma mudança estrutural importante no complexo lácteo mineiro, em que a matéria-prima “Leite de vaca” é na maior parte destinada às exportações interestaduais e não para atender a demanda intermediária do próprio estado.
Categorías culturales en la instrumentalización del proceso lector y escritor
Authors: Vanegas Vanegas Doris , Ramón Vanegas Aura Alexandra
Published: December 2019

La forma como organizamos el conocimiento del mundo en categorías y lo expresamos a través del lenguaje influye en la calidad del proceso lector y escritor. No obstante, se da por obvio el reconocimiento y uso de las categorías, sin detenerse en ellas durante la mediación de la lectura y la escritura; hecho que afecta su instrumentalización cognitiva. Concebir categorías culturales como nociones de un sistema, un factor, una clasificación, una función, por ejemplo, no siempre se da por sí mismo. Motivo por el cual, en la fundamentación teórica y metodológica de las categorías propuestas, se ha tenido en cuenta el reconocimiento del imaginario cultural, el pensamiento categorial, y la delimitación de funciones cognitivas de entrada, de elaboración y de salida, propuestas por Feuerstein (1993) como vía para la instrumentalización cognitiva que se evidencia en la lectura y la escritura. Una heurística de la realidad y del lenguaje como metodología ha facilitado la precisión y el estudio de las categorías culturales. Ya es conocida la utilidad de las herramientas cognitivas como mapas conceptuales y mentefactos; pero, sin duda, las categorías culturales también ayudan en la instrumentalización cognitiva de la lectura y la escritura, esenciales en la formación investigativay profesional. Los resultados se evidencian en el inventario de categorías culturales, en su clasificación y en cómo favorecen la instrumentalización de las funciones cognitivas presentes en la lectura y la escritura. Las categorías culturales también viabilizan la instrumentalización del lenguaje y de la cultura.
La argumentación en la política pública de la Cátedra de la Paz
Authors: Cediel Gómez Yulia Katherine , Olave Arias Giovanny , Cisneros Estupiñán Mireya
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar el rol de la argumentación en tres documentos que forman parte de la política pública que reglamenta la implementación de la Cátedra de la Paz en las instituciones educativas colombianas. La evaluación tiene como base los planteamientos de la filosofía para la paz y de la retórica argumentativa contemporánea. La metodología que se utiliza es la teoría fundamentada. El estudio muestra que se privilegia una mirada normativa de la argumentación, la cual instrumentaliza este tópico como un elemento para la resolución de los conflictos. Se concluye que es necesario posicionar la enseñanza de la argumentación desde la retórica con el fin de brindar herramientas para la profundización lingüística de los conflictos y la valoración de la diferencia en las democracias multiculturales actuales.
Addressing sustainability challenges with a broader concept of systems, target, and transformation knowledge
Authors: Kueffer Christoph , Schneider Flurina , Wiesmann Urs
Published: December 2019

Systems, targets and transformations are guiding metaphors of environmental and sustainability research. Is the framing of these concepts still adequate to address today’s wicked sustainability challenges?
Public perceptions of climate engineering: Laypersons’ acceptance at different levels of knowledge and intensities of deliberation
Authors: Merk Christine , Klaus Geraldine , Pohlers Julia , Ernst Andreas , Ott Konrad , Rehdanz Katrin
Published: December 2019

Over the past years, new options for addressing global warming and atmospheric CO2-concentrations ‐ such as bioenergy carbon capture and storage ‐ have been included in computer models that estimate how much more can be emitted before the global mean temperature
increase surpasses 1.5°C. While the public in general remains mainly unaware of these, similar proposals in the past have triggered public protests. The prospect of public opposition therefore calls into question the use of these options in the models.Even if societies decarbonized
rapidly, it is unlikely that they will achieve the 1.5°C target without also resorting to CO2 removal, by means, for example, of bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Such methods were included in the special report Global Warming of 1.5°C published by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2018. This report also discusses solar radiation management, such as stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) which might be used to change global temperatures. However, public debate about the acceptability of these methods remains absent. We look
at laypersons’ perceptions of BECCS and SAI at three stylized stages of increasing knowledge and deliberation. We found a high level of uncertainty among survey respondents as to whether to accept the use of these methods, which decreases when additional information is supplied by stakeholders.
When comparing survey participants to members of a citizens’ jury, we found lower levels of acceptance for SAI and similar levels for BECCS among jury members who had deliberated the methods intensively. Despite fears of distracting from the aim of reducing emissions, decision-makers
should publicly discuss these methods to avoid planning based on incorrect assumptions about the political feasibility of CO2 removal. People want to be informed about both approaches and the threat of SAI makes them focus their attention on mitigation.
Physics at Lower Secondary Schools: Comparison between the Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland and Slovenia
Authors: Kácovský Petr , Koudelková Věra , Snětinová Marie
Published: December 2019

Results of the worldwide PISA study in science performance from past years (2009, 2012 and 2015) show that Czech pupils are placed in the OECD average, whereas some countries with similar cultural and historical background are statistically significantly above it as well as above the results of the Czech Republic. As an example, Estonia, Poland and Slovenia belong to these countries and therefore they were chosen for the presented comparative study. The study focuses on comparison of national curricula of these countries,especially on fundamental aspects important for physics education at lower secondary schools. The study highlights the comparison of teaching content and learning outcomes in physics, interdisciplinary education and cross-curricula subjects, educational methods and assessment and field-specific key competences. One of the most evident differences that this study has detected is in the level of autonomy that the curricular documents give schools in deciding what the learning process will look like. This result as well as other findings will be discussed in the paper.
The effects of a visible-annotation tool for sequential knowledge construction on discourse patterns and collaborative outcomes
Authors: Shin Yoonhee , Jung Jaewon
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to explore learners’ discourse patterns and outcomes while using a visible-annotation tool as a collaborative representation tool. The tool used in this study introduced two types of sharing activities before the problem-solving phase to support sequential knowledge construction. Forty participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to two variables: type of sharing activities (meaning sharing activity (M) and opinion sharing activity (O)), and type of representation function to guide sharing activities (word-based function (W) and sentence-based function (S)). All three groups performed sharing activities during the same period. After completing these, the participants carried out a lesson-planning task in pairs during the problem-solving phase. All annotations across three learning phases were categorised to investigate discourse patterns. The findings revealed that Group MWOS, provided with M based on W and O based on S, had the most effective knowledge construction process, showing sequential discourse patterns. In addition, differences in discourse patterns among groups positively influenced the level of collaborative outcomes.
Text Analysis on Punishment Clauses in Korean Law: Changes in the Number, Level, and Balance of Punishment Clauses Over 30 Years
Authors: Kim Jaeyoon
Published: December 2019

For this study, I completed a comprehensive review of punishment clauses in the Korean Legal Code from 1985 to 2016. Using a web crawler and text analysis, I gathered data on the laws and then identified the content of the penal sentence in each clause. By investigating the data, I was able to quantify and assess changes over time in: (1) the number of punishment clauses; (2) the severity of sentences; and (3) the balance between imprisonment and fines. In order to examine the causes of these changes, I separated the data into different sentence levels and sectors. I found that low-level punishment clauses had grown quickly, and some of the sectors responsible for the change included civil engineering and sex offenses. This comprehensive review of the penal sentences revealed issues of concern related to overcriminalization, overpenalization, and an imbalance of punishment level in the Korean Legal Code.
Drug interactions and creatinine levels are associated with QTc prolongation in intensive care units: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Hosseinpoor Zeinab , Farzanegan Behrooz , Seyyedi Seyyed Reza , Rajabi Mehdi , Baniasadi Shadi
Published: December 2019

Background

Prolongation of the QTc interval may lead to life threatening arrhythmias. QTc prolongation is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The objectives of this study were to identify the role of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and other predictors (age, sex, cardiovascular diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities) in life threatening QTc prolongation in patients admitted to medical (M), surgical (S) and emergency (E) ICUs.

Methods

This prospective, observational study included patients above the age of 18 years who were admitted to SICU, EICU, and MICU at a tertiary respiratory referral center. Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was performed during the first 5 days of ICU admission. Risk factors and DDIs which were anticipated to be associated with the prolongation of the QTc interval were assessed for all patients.

Results

Two hundred patients were included in the study. QTc prolongation occurred in 10.7% of patients and the majority of patients presenting with QTc prolongation had creatinine levels above 1.3 mg/dL during their 5 days of ICU admission. Incidence of pharmacodynamic (PD) DDIs was significantly higher in patients with QTc prolongation vs. other patients. Creatinine levels above 1.3 mg/dL and PD DDIs were associated with QTc prolongation during 5 days of ICU admission.

Conclusions

High serum creatinine and PD DDIs can increase the risk of QTc prolongation in patients admitted to the ICU. QTc interval measurements should be performed prior to initiation or after starting any drug that is associated with QT prolongation, specifically in patients with the known risk factors.
Effects of NP Shapes on Non-Newtonian Bio-Nanofluid Flow in Suction/Blowing Process with Convective Condition: Sisko Model
Authors: Eid Mohamed R.
Published: December 2019

The present mathematical simulation deals with the study of heat transfer characteristics of the shape of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on blood flow past an exponentially stretching sheet using Sisko nanofluid taking into account the Biot number effect. Influences of non-linear thermal radiation and suction/injection are considered. The one-phase model is used to describe the Sisko nanofluid flow. Similarity variables are performed to convert the non-linear PDEs into ordinary ones. These equations together with initial and boundary conditions are provided in a non-dimensional form and then resolved numerically utilizing the fourth–fifth-order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF45) technique. The attitude of diverse flow quantities is investigated and examined via the study of parameters like the Au-NP volume fraction, the non-linear stretching parameter, and the Biot number. It is found that the Biot number improves the heat transfer rate markedly. In the blowing case, the blade-shaped Au-NPs show the highest heat transfer rate; in the suction case, the contrary is observed for spherical Au-NPs.
Quantum theory of surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) of molecules in strongly coupled plasmon–exciton systems
Authors: Neuman Tomáš , Aizpurua Javier , Esteban Ruben
Published: December 2019

Localised surface plasmons can couple strongly with the electronic transitions of a molecule, inducing new hybridised states of light and matter, the plasmon–exciton polaritons. Furthermore, molecules support vibrational degrees of freedom that interact with the electronic levels, giving rise to inelastic resonant Raman scattering under coherent laser illumination. Here we show the influence of strong plasmon–exciton coupling on resonant Raman processes that populate the vibrational states of the molecule and that lead to the characteristic surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra. We develop analytical expressions that give insight into these processes for the case of moderate illumination intensity, weak electron–vibration coupling and no dephasing. These expressions help us to elucidate the twofold role of plasmon–exciton polaritons to pump the system efficiently and to enhance the Raman emission. Our results show a close analogy with the optomechanical process described for off-resonant Raman scattering but with a difference in the resonant reservoir. We also use full numerical calculations to study the effects reaching beyond these approximations and discuss the interplay between the fluorescence background and the Raman lines. Our results allow for better understanding and exploitation of the strong coupling regime in vibrational pumping and in the surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering signal.
Crystal structure of 4-dimethylamino-pyridin-1-ium uracil-1-acetate, C13H16N4O4
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wang Lin , Liang Sen
Published: December 2019

C13H16N4O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 4.7965(12) Å, b = 10.053(2) Å, c = 27.570(6) Å, β = 90.292(8)°, V = 1329.3(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0426, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1115, T = 292(3) K.
The crystal structure of 3-carboxy-5-methylpyridin-1-ium-2-carboxylate, C8H7NO4
Authors: Zhu Yuanliang , Ma Jingwei , Li Shaofeng , Cai Bin
Published: December 2019

C8H7NO4, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 14.1361(10) Å, b = 15.8923(12) Å, c = 6.6410(6) Å, V = 1491.9(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0406, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1155, T = 150(2) K.
Crystal structure of (2,7-dihexyl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diyl)bis(diphenylphosphane), C51H56OP2
Authors: Nyalungu Nonjabulo , Alapour Saba , Friedrich Holger B. , Bala Muhammad D.
Published: December 2019

C51H56OP2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.1788(4) Å, b = 13.0247(4) Å, c = 18.0172(5) Å, β = 119.874(2)°, V = 4106.1(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0363, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0981, T = 173(2) K.
Are There Sex-Specific Neuromuscular or Force Responses to Fatiguing Isometric Muscle Actions Anchored to a High Perceptual Intensity?
Authors: Keller Joshua L. , Housh Terry J. , Hill Ethan C. , Smith Cory M. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: December 2019

Keller, JL, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Smith, CM, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Are there sex-specific neuromuscular or force responses to fatiguing isometric muscle actions anchored to a high perceptual intensity? J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 156–161, 2022—The purpose of this study was to use the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) clamp model to examine sex-specific changes in neuromuscular responses and force after a sustained isometric leg extension muscle action anchored to RPE = 8. Twenty adults (10 men and 10 women) performed sustained, isometric leg extension muscle actions at RPE = 8. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic signals were recorded from the dominant leg. Neuromuscular and force values resulting from the sustained muscle action were normalized to pretest maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). The level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05. The pretest MVIC was significantly (p < 0.001) greater (averaged across sex) than posttest MVIC force (55.5 ± 10.0 vs. 47.6 ± 11.1 kg). There was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease from pretest (95.4 ± 7.7 Hz) to posttest (76.2 ± 5.9 Hz) in EMG mean power frequency (MPF) for the men. The normalized force (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from the initial timepoint (57.1 ± 16.4%) to the final timepoint (44.3 ± 15.7%) of the sustained muscle action. Normalized EMG MPF (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p = 0.001) from the initial timepoint (96.4 ± 17.5%) to final timepoint (87.8 ± 18.1%). The men and women exhibited similar fatigue-induced changes in force and neuromuscular parameters; therefore, these findings did not indicate different sex-specific responses after the fatiguing task anchored to a high perception of exertion. The force corresponding to RPE = 8 did not match the anticipated value; so, RPE and percentages of MVIC cannot be used interchangeably, and sustained isometric muscle actions anchored to RPE may elicit unique neuromuscular adaptations.
Listening to Fast-Tempo Music Delays the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue
Authors: Centala Jacob , Pogorel Cameron , Pummill Scott W. , Malek Moh H.
Published: December 2019

Centala, J, Pogorel, C, Pummill, SW, and Malek, MH. Listening to fast-tempo music delays the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 617–622, 2020—Studies determining the effect of music on physical performance have primarily focused on outcomes such as running time to exhaustion, blood lactate, or maximal oxygen uptake. The electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) is determined through a single incremental test and operationally defined as the highest exercise intensity that can be sustained indefinitely without an increase in EMG activity of the working muscle. To date, no studies have examined the role of fast-tempo music on EMGFT. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to determine whether fast-tempo music attenuates neuromuscular fatigue as measured by the EMGFT. We hypothesized that listening to fast-tempo music during exercise would increase the estimated EMGFT compared with the control condition. Secondarily, we hypothesized that maximal power output would also increase as a result of listening to fast-tempo music during the exercise workbout. Ten healthy college-aged men (mean ± SEM: age, 25.3 ± 0.8 years [range from 22 to 31 years]; body mass, 78.3 ± 1.8 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.02 m) visited the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 7 days. The EMGFT was determined from an incremental single-leg knee-extensor ergometer for each visit. In a randomized order, subjects either listened to music or no music for the 2 visits. All music was presented as instrumentals and randomized with a tempo ranging between 137 and 160 b·min−1. The results indicated that listening to fast-tempo music during exercise increased maximal power output (No Music: 48 ± 4; Music: 54 ± 3 W; p = 0.02) and EMGFT (No Music: 27 ± 3; Music: 34 ± 4 W; p = 0.008). There were, however, no significant mean differences between the 2 conditions (no music vs. music) for absolute and relative end-exercise heart rate as well as end-exercise rating of perceived exertion for the exercised leg. These findings suggest that listening to fast-tempo music increased overall exercise tolerance as well as the neuromuscular fatigue threshold. The results are applicable to both sport and rehabilitative settings.
Validity of the Wattbike 3-Minute Aerobic Test: Measurement and Estimation of V̇o 2max
Authors: Hanson Nicholas J. , Scheadler Cory M. , Katsavelis Dimitrios , Miller Michael G.
Published: December 2019

Hanson, NJ, Scheadler, CM, Katsavelis, D, and Miller, MG. Validity of the Wattbike 3-minute aerobic test: measurement and estimation of V̇o
2max. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 400–404, 2022—The Wattbike includes a 3-minute aerobic test (3mAT) along with an estimation of V̇o
2max. The estimation equation that is used is from a previous study using a different protocol and sedentary subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (a) the 3mAT is able to elicit V̇o
2max, and (b) whether this estimation is accurate. Thirteen cyclists (10 men; age: 29.2 ± 10.0 years, height 178.7 ± 8.3 cm, and mass 75.1 ± 12.5 kg) with a range of experience volunteered for this study. At the first visit, a self-paced V̇o
2max (SPV) test was performed to obtain the “true” V̇o
2max. At the second session, subjects completed the 3mAT. Primary dependent variables included maximal values of oxygen consumption (V̇o
2), carbon dioxide production (V̇co
2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no difference (p = 0.367) between V̇o
2max values (3mAT estimation: 54.3 ± 9.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, 3mAT measured: 52.5 ± 8.7, SPV: 54.0 ± 9.7). Paired-samples t-tests showed that HR (p = 0.027) was higher in the SPV (184.7 ± 10.6 vs. 180.9 ± 6.3 b·min−1), whereas RER and V̇co
2 were both higher in the 3mAT (1.29 ± 0.10 vs. 1.19 ± 0.06 and 4.92 ± 1.01 vs. 4.62 ± 0.98, respectively; both p < 0.05). The intraclass correlation between the V̇o
2max measured from the SPV and 3mAT was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88–0.99, p < 0.001), and between the 3mAT measured and estimated values was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.71–0.97 p < 0.001). If an athlete has access to a Wattbike, they can complete the 3mAT, receive their V̇o
2max estimation, and be confident of its accuracy.
Relationship Between Distinct Physical Capacities in Young Welsh Rugby Players
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Ashcroft Peter , Evans Nathan , Tombs Chris , Pereira Lucas A. , Jeffreys Ian
Published: December 2019

Loturco, I, Ashcroft, P, Evans, N, Tombs, C, Pereira, LA, and Jeffreys, I. Relationship between distinct physical capacities in young Welsh rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 441–447, 2022—We examined the correlations between aerobic fitness (assessed by the 30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT]), maximum isometric strength, vertical jump, and speed performance of 37 under-16 (U16) Welsh regional rugby players. The physical assessments used in this research are part of a regional development program under the auspices of the players' development pathway created by the Welsh Rugby Union. The tests were performed in the following order: vertical jumps, isometric midthigh pull, 40-m sprint velocity, and 30-15 IFT. A Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to estimate the magnitude of the relationships between the different physical variables. Overall, we found significant associations between jump height, sprint velocity, maximum isometric strength, and 30-15 IFT performance (r ranging from 0.44 to 0.70). Moreover, strong positive interrelationships were observed between strength, speed, and jump qualities (r ranging from 0.51 to 0.80). Although these findings remain to be established in prospective studies, it seems that U16 athletes are capable of simultaneously improving their aerobic fitness and neuromuscular performance. This can be confirmed by the close correlations between the 30-15 IFT and every neuromechanical parameter reported here. Therefore, practitioners are recommended to use multifaceted training schemes with their young rugby players, including different components of endurance, speed, strength, and power training.
Does HMB Enhance Body Composition in Athletes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Holland Brett M. , Roberts Brandon M. , Krieger James W. , Schoenfeld Brad J.
Published: December 2019

Holland, BM, Roberts, BM, Krieger, JW, and Schoenfeld, BJ. Does HMB enhance body composition in athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 585–592, 2022—The purpose of this article was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature to determine the effects of HMB on body composition in athletes. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (a) were an experimental design published in a peer-reviewed, English-language journal; (b) included human athletic populations; (c) assessed body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), or fat-free mass (FFM) using a validated measure; (d) and had a minimum supplementation period of 4 weeks. Separate analyses were performed for BM, FM, and FFM using robust variance random-effects meta-regression for multilevel data structures, with adjustments for small samples. The final analysis of BM comprised a total of 208 subjects from 7 studies. Analysis of FFM and FM encompassed 5 studies comprising 161 subjects and 5 studies comprising 128 subjects, respectively. The principal finding of this analysis suggests HMB may have a small, positive impact on FFM in athletes (0.30 ± 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.07 to 0.68; p = 0.08), although this seems specific to when protein intake is suboptimal (<1.6 g·kg−1·d−1). Consistent with previous research on athletes, HMB demonstrated no significant effect on BM (−0.02 ± 0.04; 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.10; p = 0.70) and a small, nonsignificant effect on FM (−0.33 ± 0.23; 95% CI: −0.96 to 0.31; p = 0.22). More research is required to establish HMB's influence on FFM in athletes. It is also important to consider the dosage of HMB and training parameters of athletes because these will likely influence the efficacy of supplementation.
Viva La Razabilly
Authors: Kattari Kimberly
Published: December 2019

The contemporary rockabilly subculture is often thought to primarily reflect, embody, and celebrate the white Southern American culture that gave rise to the music and fashion in the 1950s. Accordingly, some have suggested that the active participation of Latinxs seems perplexing. This article draws on ten years of ethnographic research to explore why Latinxs do not view their enthusiasm for Southern-born rockabilly music and culture as an incongruity. This essay first considers why rockabilly resonates with Latinx participants, underscoring and documenting its relevance across several generations, then examines how Latinxs have uniquely engaged with and customized the subculture in ways that reflect their bicultural heritage and experiences. This work draws ethnomusicological attention to the reasons Latinxs have identified with rockabilly culture and the ways they have contributed to it, contesting assumptions of the characteristic “whiteness” of this subculture. The documentation, acceptance, and acknowledgment of Latinx involvement in rockabilly is not without political significance, particularly given the subculture's historical incorporation of Confederate imagery. The growth, strength, and recognition of Latinx rockabilly represent a meaningful rewriting of the genre's racial politics, highlighting the historical involvement of non-Anglos in the scene and encouraging diverse participation today.
The relationship between cortisol and IGF-I influences metabolic alteration in pediatric overweight and obesity
Authors: Ricotti Roberta , Solito Arianna , Mariotti Zani Elena , Caputo Marina , Genoni Giulia , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Mancioppi Valentina , Agosti Emanuela , Aimaretti Gianluca , Bellone Simonetta , Prodam Flavia
Published: December 2019

Background/objective

Data on metabolic impairments in Cushing’s syndrome and GH deficiency all suggest that the relationship between cortisol and GH/IGF-I axis in obesity may have a role in the related diseases. However, studies focusing only on one of these hormones are often controversial in paediatrics. We aimed to explore the simultaneous relationship between cortisol and IGF-I with the metabolic alterations in paediatric obesity.

Subjects/methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center. We recruited 876 (441 males and 435 females) overweight and obese children and adolescents. A complete clinical and biochemical evaluation including OGTT was performed. Cortisol and IGF-I SDS were divided in quartiles and then crossed to explore the reciprocal influence of high/high, low/low, and high/low levels of each one on the metabolic alterations of obesity.

Results

Subjects in the higher quartiles of IGF-I-SDS and cortisol had an increased risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high levels of triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol. Diversely, lower IGF-I-SDS quartiles were associated with higher blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and reduced insulin sensitivity levels with the rise of cortisol quartiles.

Conclusions

We observed that apart from glucose metabolism that is associated with low IGF-I and high cortisol levels, the other parameters known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk were related to high levels of both IGF-I and cortisol, even if within normal range. Cortisol and IGF-I play a complex role in the comorbidities of obesity, and the evaluation of both variables could clarify some of the discordant results.
Competencias en LIJ y estrategias didácticas del anime: Ponyo no cantil (2008), de Hayao Miyazaki, y Hans Christian Andersen
Authors: García-Manso Angélica
Published: December 2019

El cine de animación japonés (anime) se encuentra totalmente integrado en el ocio infantil y juvenil contemporáneo. Llama la atención el hecho de que el anime se haya inspirado desde sus orígenes en fuentes de LIJ occidentales, como sucede en el filme Ponyo (2008), del realizador Hayao Miyazaki. En este se hibrida el cuento La sirenita, del danés H. C. Andersen, con una leyenda tradicional japonesa. El estudio analiza las estrategias que permiten descubrir esta intertextualidad a partir, precisamente, de las competencias que en dicha LIJ posee el espectador: a través de la mediación iconográfica de figuras como Julio Verne y el sincretismo con la mitología grecolatina. El resultado sugiere una relectura del cuento de Andersen a partir de claves humanistas.