bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Pain During Glide Path Creation with the Use of a Rotary or Reciprocating System
Authors: TUFENKCİ Pelin , ADIGUZEL Mehmet , YILMAZ Koray
Published: March 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the intraoperative pain levels of patients caused from using different glide path systems in creating the glide path before the root canal shaping the teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis.Materials and Methods: The study included 88 patient with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molar tooth. The teeth were randomly assigned to four groups according to use of glide path files: R-pilot (RP), WaveOne Gold Glider (WOG G), One G (OG), Proglider (PG). In all the groups, the patients were asked to specify the pain level by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U was used to determine significant differences at p< 0.05.Results: In the present study, it was determined that the lowest intraoperative pain level was observed in PG, followed by OG, RP, and WOG G. Statistically significant differences were observed between PG and RP and between PG and WOG G groups (p<.05).Conclusion: All of the file systems used in creating the glide path in root canal treatment caused intraoperative pain. The minimum intraoperative pain was found with PG glide path file, whereas RP and WOG G caused higher level of intraoperative pain.
The Relationship Between Experiential Learning and Career Outcomes for Alumni of International Development Studies Programs in Canada
Authors: Tiessen Rebecca , Grantham Kate , Cameron John
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we explore the relationship between experiential learning and career outcomes for international development studies (IDS) graduates from the perspective of program alumni, by presenting the results of a national survey completed by 1,901 IDS alumni across Canada. Employing study data, we answer the following research questions: (1) What do IDS alumni consider important experiential learning opportunities? and (2) What is the perceived relationship between experiential learning and career outcomes? We argue that documenting IDS graduate perspectives on the relationship between experiential learning and career paths can inform current program opportunities and highlight the relationship between work-integrated learning and career success in this field.
Building an Inclusive Campus: Developing Students’ Intercultural Competencies Through an Interreligious and Intercultural Diversity Program
Authors: Green Amy Rose , Tulissi Adriana , Erais Seth , Cairns Sharon Lynn , Bruckner Debbie
Published: March 2019

Post-secondary institutions are increasingly recognizing the need to foster intercultural competence (ICC) in students; however, the ways in which these institutions can do so has not been fully explored. The purpose of the current mixed methods study was to investigate changes in post-secondary students’ ICC (N = 35) following participation in an interreligious and intercultural diversity program, based upon changes in students’ scores on the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI). A thematic analysis of post-program questionnaires was used to triangulate the data and provide more insight into changes experienced by participants. Quantitative results revealed significant increases in students’ overall ICC, and significant decreases in the discrepancy between students’ perceived ICC and their actual ICC. Qualitative results revealed five overall themes: (1) shifting perspectives, (2) enhancing intercultural engagement skills, (3) connecting, (4) inspiring action, and (5) personal growth. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Student Needs, Employment Realities, and PhD Program Design in Canada: The Case of Planning PhD Programs
Authors: Ross Timothy , Mah Julie , Biggar Jeff , Zwick Austin , Modlinska Ewa
Published: March 2019

PhD graduates in Canada routinely find themselves considering employment outside academia. This paper explores PhD program design in relation to PhD students’ employment realities through a case study of Canadian planning PhD programs. Two questions guided the study: (1) How could planning PhD programs be redesigned to prepare students for a wider variety of career options post-graduation? And (2) What are some of the institutional challenges hindering PhD program reform? To engage these questions, we surveyed planning PhD students and program directors, gathered email input from planning practitioners, and held a workshop and roundtable at two different academic conferences. Findings suggest that program reforms, such as offering more external research partnership opportunities to PhD students, could help to better support multiple career pathways for PhD students. Our findings also suggest that planning scholars and practitioners need to question their views of the academia–practice relationship and PhD students’ roles and aims.
Measuring School–Family Conflict and Enrichment in University Student Parents: A Measurement Validation Study
Authors: van Rhijn Tricia Marie , Acai Anita , Lero Donna S.
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to extend work–family research to the school–family context by adapting Carlson and colleagues’ Work–Family Conflict and Enrichment scales. Using two samples of student parents primarily from Canadian universities, the adapted scales were assessed for reliability, construct validity, and factor structure. The measures had three factors for school–family conflict (school-to-family conflict, behaviour-based conflict, and family-to-school conflict) and five for school–family enrichment (school-to-family growth and affect; and family-to-school development, affect, and efficiency). The two adapted scales were confirmed to be reliable and valid for use with university student parents. Data from the confirmatory factor analysis provided strong support for the factor structure of the School–Family Enrichment Scale, but suggested that additional testing and development of the School–Family Conflict Scale may be required.
Gráfico del latido de una era. Peter Saville y el legado de Factory Records
Authors: Azorín Puche José Miguel
Published: March 2019

En este artículo hablamos de como una discográfica independiente de Manchester acogió uno de hitos del diseño gráfico más influyentes de las últimas décadas del siglo XX.
Entrevista a Ana Jiménez (Mercrominah)
Authors: Mosaic
Published: March 2019

Entrevista a Ana Jiménez, una artista profesional en el mundo del videojuego e ilustradora viñetista en su tiempo libre. Candy Crush la llevó a trabajar a Suecia. Del crudo frío y el silencio de los suecos nació su faceta creativa más salvaje: Mercrominah, un alter ego en las redes sociales donde, por medio de viñetas de humor negro, crudo y salvaje, suele representar todo lo que le pasa por la cabeza.
Predicting the results of evaluation procedures of academics
Authors: Poggi Francesco , Ciancarini Paolo , Gangemi Aldo , Nuzzolese Andrea Giovanni , Peroni Silvio , Presutti Valentina
Published: March 2019

Background. The 2010 reform of the Italian university system introduced the National Scientific Habilitation (ASN) as a requirement for applying to permanent professor positions. Since the CVs of the 59149 candidates and the results of their assessments have been made publicly available, the ASN constitutes an opportunity to perform analyses about a nation-wide evaluation process.

Objective. The main goals of this paper are: (i) predicting the ASN results using the information contained in the candidates’ CVs; (ii) identifying a small set of quantitative indicators that can be used to perform accurate predictions.

Approach. Semantic technologies are used to extract, systematize and enrich the information contained in the applicants’ CVs, and machine learning methods are used to predict the ASN results and to identify a subset of relevant predictors.

Results. For predicting the success in the role of associate professor, our best models using all and the top 15 predictors make accurate predictions (F-measure values higher than 0.6) in 88% and 88.6% of the cases, respectively. Similar results have been achieved for the role of full professor.

Evaluation. The proposed approach outperforms the other models developed to predict the results of researchers’ evaluation procedures.

Conclusions. Such results allow the development of an automated system for supporting both candidates and committees in the future ASN sessions and other scholars’ evaluation procedures.
Single cell RNA-seq identifies the origins of heterogeneity in efficient cell transdifferentiation and reprogramming
Authors: Francesconi Mirko , Di Stefano Bruno , Berenguer Clara , de Andrés-Aguayo Luisa , Plana-Carmona Marcos , Mendez-Lago Maria , Guillaumet-Adkins Amy , Rodriguez-Esteban Gustavo , Gut Marta , Gut Ivo G , Heyn Holger , Lehner Ben , Graf Thomas
Published: March 2019

Forced transcription factor expression can transdifferentiate somatic cells into other specialised cell types or reprogram them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with variable efficiency. To better understand the heterogeneity of these processes, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to follow the transdifferentation of murine pre-B cells into macrophages as well as their reprogramming into iPSCs. Even in these highly efficient systems, there was substantial variation in the speed and path of fate conversion. We predicted and validated that these differences are inversely coupled and arise in the starting cell population, with Mychigh large pre-BII cells transdifferentiating slowly but reprogramming efficiently and Myclow small pre-BII cells transdifferentiating rapidly but failing to reprogram. Strikingly, differences in Myc activity predict the efficiency of reprogramming across a wide range of somatic cell types. These results illustrate how single cell expression and computational analyses can identify the origins of heterogeneity in cell fate conversion processes.
A multicellular way of life for a multipartite virus
Authors: Sicard Anne , Pirolles Elodie , Gallet Romain , Vernerey Marie-Stéphanie , Yvon Michel , Urbino Cica , Peterschmitt Michel , Gutierrez Serafin , Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane
Published: March 2019

A founding paradigm in virology is that the spatial unit of the viral replication cycle is an individual cell. Multipartite viruses have a segmented genome where each segment is encapsidated separately. In this situation the viral genome is not recapitulated in a single virus particle but in the viral population. How multipartite viruses manage to efficiently infect individual cells with all segments, thus with the whole genome information, is a long-standing but perhaps deceptive mystery. By localizing and quantifying the genome segments of a nanovirus in host plant tissues we show that they rarely co-occur within individual cells. We further demonstrate that distinct segments accumulate independently in different cells and that the viral system is functional through complementation across cells. Our observation deviates from the classical conceptual framework in virology and opens an alternative possibility (at least for nanoviruses) where the infection can operate at a level above the individual cell level, defining a viral multicellular way of life.
Dual control of NAD+ synthesis by purine metabolites in yeast
Authors: Pinson Benoît , Ceschin Johanna , Saint-Marc Christelle , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand
Published: March 2019

Metabolism is a highly integrated process resulting in energy and biomass production. While individual metabolic routes are well characterized, the mechanisms ensuring crosstalk between pathways are poorly described, although they are crucial for homeostasis. Here, we establish a co-regulation of purine and pyridine metabolism in response to external adenine through two separable mechanisms. First, adenine depletion promotes transcriptional upregulation of the de novo NAD+ biosynthesis genes by a mechanism requiring the key-purine intermediates ZMP/SZMP and the Bas1/Pho2 transcription factors. Second, adenine supplementation favors the pyridine salvage route resulting in an ATP-dependent increase of intracellular NAD+. This control operates at the level of the nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyl-transferase Nma1 and can be bypassed by overexpressing this enzyme. Therefore, in yeast, pyridine metabolism is under the dual control of ZMP/SZMP and ATP, revealing a much wider regulatory role for these intermediate metabolites in an integrated biosynthesis network.
Generalization of learned responses in the mormyrid electrosensory lobe
Authors: Dempsey Conor , Abbott LF , Sawtell Nathaniel B
Published: March 2019

Appropriate generalization of learned responses to new situations is vital for adaptive behavior. We provide a circuit-level account of generalization in the electrosensory lobe (ELL) of weakly electric mormyrid fish. Much is already known in this system about a form of learning in which motor corollary discharge signals cancel responses to the uninformative input evoked by the fish’s own electric pulses. However, for this cancellation to be useful under natural circumstances, it must generalize accurately across behavioral regimes, specifically different electric pulse rates. We show that such generalization indeed occurs in ELL neurons, and develop a circuit-level model explaining how this may be achieved. The mechanism involves regularized synaptic plasticity and an approximate matching of the temporal dynamics of motor corollary discharge and electrosensory inputs. Recordings of motor corollary discharge signals in mossy fibers and granule cells provide direct evidence for such matching.
The complete structure of the human TFIIH core complex
Authors: Greber Basil J , Toso Daniel B , Fang Jie , Nogales Eva
Published: March 2019

Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) is a heterodecameric protein complex critical for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and nucleotide excision DNA repair. The TFIIH core complex is sufficient for its repair functions and harbors the XPB and XPD DNA-dependent ATPase/helicase subunits, which are affected by human disease mutations. Transcription initiation additionally requires the CdK activating kinase subcomplex. Previous structural work has provided only partial insight into the architecture of TFIIH and its interactions within transcription pre-initiation complexes. Here, we present the complete structure of the human TFIIH core complex, determined by phase-plate cryo-electron microscopy at 3.7 Å resolution. The structure uncovers the molecular basis of TFIIH assembly, revealing how the recruitment of XPB by p52 depends on a pseudo-symmetric dimer of homologous domains in these two proteins. The structure also suggests a function for p62 in the regulation of XPD, and allows the mapping of previously unresolved human disease mutations.
Structural mechanisms of phospholipid activation of the human TPC2 channel
Authors: She Ji , Zeng Weizhong , Guo Jiangtao , Chen Qingfeng , Bai Xiao-chen , Jiang Youxing
Published: March 2019

Mammalian two-pore channels (TPCs) regulate the physiological functions of the endolysosome. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human TPC2 (HsTPC2), a phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2)-activated, Na+ selective channel, in the ligand-bound and apo states. The apo structure captures the closed conformation, while the ligand-bound form features the channel in both open and closed conformations. Combined with functional analysis, these structures provide insights into the mechanism of PI(3,5)P2-regulated gating of TPC2, which is distinct from that of TPC1. Specifically, the endolysosome-specific PI(3,5)P2 binds at the first 6-TM and activates the channel – independently of the membrane potential – by inducing a structural change at the pore-lining inner helix (IS6), which forms a continuous helix in the open state but breaks into two segments at Gly317 in the closed state. Additionally, structural comparison to the voltage-dependent TPC1 structure allowed us to identify Ile551 as being responsible for the loss of voltage dependence in TPC2.
A Study on Knowledge Level of KVK Trained Vegetable Growers
Authors: Malla Aditya Kumar
Published: March 2019

India is the second largest producer of vegetables next to China in the world accounting for about 12 per cent of world production. Vegetables play a vital role in the maintenance of human health and make the diet nutritive and balanced. The study was conducted in Begunia, Bolagarh and Khordha blocks of Khordha district, Odisha. Both purposive and random sampling procedure was followed for selection of the district, blocks, gram panchayats, villages and the respondents. The total sample size of the study was 120. The response was obtained from each individual respondent in a structured interview schedule which was pretested with 10 per cent samples other than the respondents of the study. The information from the respondents was collected by the researcher during the period of 3rd March to 15th May 2017. Thus the data collected were tabulated and subjected to empirical measurement and analysis. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is a noble concept developed by Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) which rests upon a solid base of transfer of technology (ToT) from the laboratory to farmer's field. With regards to the knowledge level of vegetable growers, 77.50 per cent belonged to medium knowledge level category. They had more knowledge in soil and land preparation with the highest mean score of 2.93. All of 13 socioeconomic variables were a positive and significant relationship with the level of knowledge obtained from correlation study.
Extracts of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (Combretaceae) Galls Ameliorates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rats Status
Authors: Djifaby Sombié Pierre Alexandre Eric , Hafizur Rahman , Kiendrébéogo Martin , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Nacoulma Odile Germaine
Published: March 2019

Background: A good number of medicinal and dietary plants are used for diabetes treatment in Burkina Faso.

Aim of the Study: The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of Guiera senegalensis galls extracts and its potential mechanisms in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methodology: The methanol extract was administered by gavage to healthy Wistar rats for the determination of toxicity, to normal and diabetic Wistar rats for the determination of glucose reduction level, lipid profile, insulin level and glycaemic parameters in serum. The histology and immunohistochemistry of the pancreas were also determined.

Results: The acute toxicity results showed that the medium lethal dose (LD50) of the methanol galls extract of Guiera senegalensis is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats. Guiera senegalensis methanolic extract (250 mg/kg) and the tolbutamide (100 mg/kg) recorded a significantly (p < 0.05) lower level of triglyceride compared to the diabetic group. The methanol extract (250 and 500 mg/kg pc) signiﬁcantly (p < 0.05) decreased the blood glucose level and increased the serum insulin level in diabetic rats. Interestingly, improved ß-cell function and antioxidant status were also observed in G. senegalensis-treated diabetic rats when compared to tolbutamide-treated diabetic rats.

Conclusion: These data showed direct evidence that G. senegalensis has antidiabetic activity by decreasing blood glucose level, improving insulin secretion and β-cell functions and modulating antioxidant status.
Finely Pore‐Engineered Ultra‐Stable Cluster–Cluster‐type Metal–Organic Frameworks with Shifting One‐Step Ethylene Purification
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wen , Fan Shu‐Cong , Li Zhuo , Zhang Qi‐Qi , Zhang Yu‐Fan , Wang Zheng‐Yuan , Yuan Wenyu , Wang Ying , Zhai Quan‐Guo
Published: November 2024

One‐step ethylene (C2H4) purification from multicomponent mixtures to obtain polymerized grade C2H4 is vital in industry but still difficult to achieve. Herein untramicropore engineering is demonstrated in unique cluster–cluster‐type metal–organic framework (CCMOF) adsorbents (SNNU‐107‐X, X = OH/Cl/F) with shifting one‐step ethylene purification from the ternary mixture. Triangular prismic [Cd8(TAZ)9] and hollow hexagonal prismic [Cd42(TAZ)42] clusters (TAZ = tetrazolate) connect each other directly without inter‐cluster linkers to generate SNNU‐107‐X CCMOFs with fixed hexagonal large pore and alterable quadrilateral small pore. It is curious that these unique CCMOFs can keep their 3D porous frameworks in aqueous solution with pH = 2–13 for 30 days and even in boiling water for 15 days. Regulated by terminal coordinated anions (OH/Cl/F) located in quadrilateral pores, SNNU‐107‐X exhibits controllable and shifting ethylene adsorption and separation performance. In particular, SNNU‐107‐F can separate 99.999% C2H4 from C2H2/CO2/C2H4 ternary mixture with a productivity of 274.4 L kg−1 by one‐step process superior to almost all advanced materials. The time‐dependent kinetic adsorption, in situ FT‐IR spectra, DFT, and GCMC calculations indicate that the shifting ethylene separation of SNNU‐107‐X is ascribed to a thermodynamic and dynamic coupling effect modulated by single terminal anions in the ultramicropore space.
Seasonal Effects on Outdoor Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gupta Ritesh Kant , Kumar D. Kishore , Sudhakar Vediappan , Beckedahl Johannes M. , Abate Antonio , Katz Eugene A. , Visoly‐Fisher Iris
Published: November 2024

The critical challenge for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their operational stability. PSCs’ outdoor operation exposes the cells to a combination of stress factors that are difficult to reproduce by indoor testing due to diurnal and seasonal variations. This highlights the need for outdoor testing under operational conditions. The effect of climate conditions on outdoor operational lifetime/ degradation of n‐i‐p PSCs is systematically studied herein. Their lifetime indicators are determined in different seasons, and correlated with the outdoor irradiance and temperatures measured simultaneously. Based on this outdoor measurement analysis and indoor light cycling stability tests, it is suggested that ambient temperatures induce a more significant effect than the irradiance on the PSC's lifetime/ degradation. The study also suggests different roles played by the temperatures during the diurnal light versus dark periods: the day/ light time maximum temperatures have a more significant effect on the long‐term degradation. In contrast, minimum temperatures during the night/ dark cycles significantly affected the diurnal reversible degradation and the initial fast degradation. The results show that the commonly used lifetime indicators T80 and T50 are climate‐dependent, and their use for comparative purposes is valid only if measured in similar climatic conditions.
Design Principle and Regulation Strategy of Noble Metal‐Based Materials for Practical Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer
Authors: Du Yubei , Liu Jiaqing , Chen Jiayi , Wang Sibo , Tang Yawen , Wang An‐Liang , Fu Gengtao , Lu Xue Feng
Published: November 2024

Green hydrogen holds immense promise in combating climate change and building a sustainable future. Owing to its high power‐to‐gas conversion efficiency, compact structure, and fast response, the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) stands out as the most viable option for the widespread production of green hydrogen. However, the harsh operating conditions of PEMWE make it heavily dependent on noble metal‐based catalysts (NMCs) and incur high operational and maintenance costs, which hinder its extensive adoption. Hence, it is imperative to improve the performance and lifespan of NMCs and develop advanced components to reduce the overall costs of integrating PEMWE technology into practical applications. In light of this, the fundamental design principles of NMCs employed in acidic water electrolysis are summarized, as well as recent advancements in compositional and structural engineering to enhance intrinsic activity and active site density. Moreover, recent innovations in stack components of practical PEMWE and their impact on cost‐benefit and lifespan are presented. Finally, the current challenges are examined, and potential solutions for optimizing NMCs and PEMWE in electrocatalytic hydrogen production are discussed.
Results of the 2024 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald R. , Stewart Kim A.
Published: November 2024

AORN conducted its 22nd annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June 2024. A multiple regression model was used to examine how several variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect perioperative nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2024 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation (eg, on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, shift differentials, benefits) on total compensation are also examined. Additional analyses explore the current state of the nursing shortage and the sources of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Ultrafast ppb‐Level Detection of Nitro‐Furan Based Antibiotics in Aqueous Medium by an Oxadiazole‐Grafted Luminescent Sensor
Authors: Chanda Alokananda , Mandal Sanjay K.
Published: November 2024

This work is primarily focused on the utilization of an oxadiazole grafted 2D luminescent metal‐organic framework, {[Zn2(4‐tpom)2(oxdz)2]⋅4H2O}n (1), in the detection of trace amounts of nitrofuran‐based antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin (NFT) and nitrofurazone (NFZ) in aqueous medium. The π–electron rich moieties and the H‐bond accepting sites in the dual linkers (4‐tpom and oxdz2−) enable the framework to interact efficiently with NFT and NFZ exhibiting a turn‐off fluorescence response with the respective KSV (6.55×104 M−1 and 4×104 M−1) and LOD (89 ppb and 78 ppb) values. Furthermore, the efficiency of 1 in sensing commercially sold antibiotic tablet, Martifur‐100 (contains nitrofurantoin as an active ingredient), is demonstrated as an example with an LOD value of 277 ppb. Its multicycle reusability and the ultrafast response toward these antibiotics are also reported. The nature of quenching of 1 by NFT and NFZ has been investigated with experimental and theoretical considerations.
A Semiparametric Two‐Sample Density Ratio Model With a Change Point
Authors: Feng Jiahui , Wong Kin Yau , Lee Chun Yin
Published: November 2024

The logistic regression model for a binary outcome with a continuous covariate can be expressed equivalently as a two‐sample density ratio model for the covariate. Utilizing this equivalence, we study a change‐point logistic regression model within the corresponding density ratio modeling framework. We investigate estimation and inference methods for the density ratio model and develop maximal score‐type tests to detect the presence of a change point. In contrast to existing work, the density ratio modeling framework facilitates the development of a natural Kolmogorov–Smirnov type test to assess the validity of the logistic model assumptions. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the finite‐sample performance of the proposed tests and estimation methods. We illustrate the proposed approach using a mother‐to‐child HIV‐1 transmission data set and an oral cancer data set.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Applications in the Study of Executive Functions: A Review
Authors: Chen Muyu , Zhao Guang , Peng Li
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of advanced cognitive functions essential for human survival and behavioral regulation. Understanding neurophysiological mechanisms of EFs as well as exploring methods to enhance them are still challenging problems in cognitive neuroscience. In recent years, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been widely used in the field of EF research and has made notable progress. This article aimed to discuss the impact of TMS technology on EF research from both basic and applied research perspectives.

Methods

We searched for literature on TMS and EFs published in the last decade (2013–2023) and reviewed how TMS has been applied in the field of EF.

Findings

We found that the combination of TMS with neuroimaging techniques was helpful in exploring the brain mechanisms of EFs and investigating the executive dysfunctions caused by other neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, TMS could be considered as one of the most important techniques to enhance EFs among patient populations, even healthy people, with high safety and credibility. Meanwhile, we discussed the application of TMS in the research of EFs and made suggestions for future research directions. We suggested that a multidisciplinary structure of methods such as epigenetics and endocrinology could be integrated with TMS for investigating deeper in EF domains, and a substantial number of high‐quality clinical studies are required to further elucidate the effects of TMS on EFs.

Conclusions

TMS holds great promise for gaining insight into investigating the neural mechanisms of EFs and improving executive functions among different populations.
Sustainable and Scalable Enzymatic Production, Structural Elucidation, And Biological Evaluation of Novel Phlorizin Analogues
Authors: Minsat Laurène , Li Yueying , Peyrot Cédric , Martinez Agathe , Borie Nicolas , Peru Aurélien , Godon Blandine , Nève Clément , Brunissen Fanny , Brunois Fanny , Dosso Abdouramane , Allais Florent , Renault Jean‐Hugues
Published: November 2024

It is not unusual for naturally occurring compounds to be limited for their use in cosmetics due to their low water solubility. Recently, aiming at accessing novel phlorizin (a glycosylated bioactive recovered from apple tree wood and already used in cosmetics as antioxidant ingredient) analogues, we reported the synthesis of very promising – but low water‐soluble – biomass‐derived chalcones (CHs) and dihydrochalcones (DHCs) exhibiting antioxidant and anti‐tyrosinase activities. Glycosylating bioactive compounds being one of the most common strategies to increase their water solubility, herein we report the enzymatic glycosylation of the CHs mentioned above, as well as DHC using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases (CGTase), enzymes well‐known for catalyzing the selective α(1→4) transglycosylation. Indeed, while most natural glycosides are β‐glycosides (such as phlorizin), the selected enzyme produces selectively new α‐glycosides, thus expanding their structural diversity. A first step of separation using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) led to mono‐, di‐ or triglycosides‐enriched fractions, which were then submitted to a comprehensive purification strategy for an in‐depth chemical profiling of the synthesized α‐glycosides, revealing that the major compounds were glycosylpyranosides. Surprisingly, among the diglycosides characterized, besides the expected maltoside compounds, nigeroside derivatives were also identified in significant amounts, depending on the starting compound structure. Finally, evaluating the antiradical, anti‐tyrosinase and antimicrobial activities of the major glycosides revealed them as potential sustainable alternatives to current petro‐sourced cosmetic ingredients.
Guideline for anticancer assays in cells
Authors: Ma Fei‐Fei
Published: November 2024

Evaluation of anticancer effects on cell levels plays a crucial role in drug discovery. This guideline summarizes various methods for assessing anticancer effects and mechanisms, including cell viability, cell cycle, cell metabolism, cell damage and death, cell behaviors and function, it also briefly reviews the basic principles and specific experimental procedures. It is worth noting that it is recommended to use more than three methods to verify the accuracy of experimental results, so as to provide necessary references for the screening and evaluation of anticancer drugs and foods.
Advancing Hydrologic Modelling Through Bias Correcting Weather Radar Data: The Valgrosina Case Study in the Italian Alps
Authors: Citrini Andrea , Lazoglou Georgia , Bruggeman Adriana , Zittis George , Beretta Giovanni P. , Camera Corrado A. S.
Published: November 2024

The urgency of understanding the intricate input–output relationships of the hydrologic cycle is amplified by the accelerating climate change impacts in mountain environments. This study focuses on optimising water resource management of a dammed valley in the Central Alps (Northern Italy). The research aims to integrate radar data and precipitation interpolation techniques (TIN, Copula, cumulative distribution function; CDF techniques, inverse distance weighting; IDW, thin plate spline; TPS, ordinary kriging; OK and detrended kriging; DK) into a semi‐distributed hydrologic model, by utilising hourly precipitation data from 22 rain gauges and a composite weather radar product spanning 2010–2020. Two main objectives were pursued: (i) to develop and evaluate various radar precipitation correction methods against a benchmark dataset and (ii) to calibrate and assess the performance of the GEOFrame hydrologic model forced with corrected precipitation input. Point‐based and spatial correction approaches were evaluated against ground measurements through leave‐one‐out tests. The former derives dependence functions between the biased radar series and those of the closest three rain gauges to the target point applying a triangular irregular network. The latter combines deterministic and geospatial interpolations to the rain gauge/radar residuals to derive a corrected surface by incorporating radar values as trends. Precipitation series exceeding the composite scaled score of the benchmark dataset were used as input for hydrologic modelling. The spatial method combining radar values with ordinary kriging provided the best results for both correction and modelling (hourly KGE > 0.75). The spatial approaches proved easier to apply than the point‐based methods. In addition, correcting precipitation significantly improved low‐flow simulation from negative hourly lnNSE to values greater than 0.25. As a further step, given the overall good performance of the spatial methods, they could be used operationally as an ensemble to analyse management scenarios.
Trust‐Aware Sybil Attack Detection for Resilient Vehicular Communication
Authors: Morton Thomas L. , Borah Abinash , Paranjothi Anirudh
Published: November 2024

Connected autonomous vehicles, or Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), hold great promise, but concerns persist regarding safety, privacy, and security, particularly in the face of Sybil attacks, where malicious entities falsify neighboring traffic information. Despite advancements in detection techniques, many approaches suffer from processing delays and reliance on broad architecture, posing significant risks in mitigating attack damages. To address these concerns, our research proposes a Trust Aware Sybil Event Recognition (TASER) framework for assessing the integrity of vehicle data in VANETs. This framework evaluates information exchanged within local vehicle clusters, maintaining a cumulative trust metric for each vehicle based on reported data integrity. Suspicious entities failing to meet trust metric thresholds are statistically evaluated, and their legitimacy is challenged using directional antennas to verify their reported GPS locations. We evaluate our framework using the OMNeT++ discrete event simulator, SUMO traffic simulator, and VEINS interface with TraCI API. Our approach reduces attack detection times by up to 66% in urban scenarios, with accuracy varying by no more than 3% across simulations containing up to 30% Sybil nodes and operates without reliance on roadside infrastructure.
Shape Memory Polymer Scaffolds—Utility for In Vitro Osteogenesis of Canine Multipotent Stromal Cells
Authors: Gasson Shelby B. , Dobson Lauren K. , Pfau‐Cloud Michaela R. , Beltran Felipe O. , Gregory Carl A. , Grunlan Melissa A. , Saunders W. Brian
Published: November 2024

A biodegradable, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffold based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) represents an attractive alternative therapy for the repair of critically sized bone defects given its ability to press‐fit within irregular defects. Clinical translation of SMP scaffolds requires successful movement beyond proof‐of‐concept rodent studies through a relevant large‐animal model and into the clinical setting. In addition to representing a clinical veterinary population, the canine species is a strong translational model for humans due to similarities in orthopedic disorders, biomechanics, and bone healing. The present study was performed to assess in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of canine multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs) cultured on SMP scaffolds in preparation for future canine in vivo studies. Two different SMP scaffold compositions were utilized: a “PCL‐only” scaffold prepared from PCL‐diacrylate (PCL‐DA) and a semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) formed from PCL‐DA and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PCL:PLLA). The PCL:PLLA scaffolds degrade faster and are more mechanically rigid versus the PCL scaffolds. Canine bone marrow–derived MSCs (cMSCs) were evaluated in terms of attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. cMSCs exhibited excellent cytocompatibility, attachment, and proliferation on both SMP scaffold compositions. PCL scaffolds were more conducive to both early‐ and late‐stage in vitro osteogenesis of cMSCs versus PCL:PLLA scaffolds. However, cMSCs deposited mineralized extracellular matrix over 21 days when cultured on both SMP scaffold compositions. These results demonstrate that the SMP scaffolds are suitable for in vitro cMSC attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, representing a significant step toward canine in vivo studies and potential translation to human patients.
Autophagy in the Cellular Consequences of Tobacco Smoking: Insights into Senescence
Authors: Akhtari Maryam , Jalalvand Mobina , Sadr Makan , Sharifi Hooman
Published: November 2024

Smoking is a significant contributing factor to the development of many complex diseases. One of the most important stimuli for aging in the human body is constant exposure to environmental factors such as cigarette smoke. Free radicals in cigarette smoke cause reactive oxygen species production at the cellular level and induce inflammatory responses. The respiratory system of smokers exhibits age‐related characteristics, such as enhanced oxidative stress, accumulated damaged proteins, and increased inflammation. Autophagy is triggered by tobacco smoke as a protective mechanism to prevent and reduce molecular stress. However, smoking can interfere with the normal functioning of autophagy in various ways. Smoking‐induced impairment of autophagy leads to irreversible cellular damage accumulation, causing cells to undergo cellular aging or senescence. Senescent cells lose their ability to divide and display a distinct secretory phenotype called the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and produce numerous growth factors, immune modulators, and inflammatory cytokines. This review discusses the effects of tobacco smoke exposure on autophagy alteration, cellular aging, and senescence induction in exposed animal models, as well as in exposed epithelial and immune cells in the body.
Circ‐ECH1 May Compete With miR‐708‐5p to Regulate Ntrk2 in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Cheng Hanrong , Li Dongcai , Tang Yuming , Hu Tianyong , Wu Benqing
Published: November 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects patients' quality of life. Circular RNAs participated in BPD. However, circ‐ECH1's role in BPD has not been reported yet. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of circ‐ECH1 in BPD. Hyperoxia‐treated type II alveolar epithelial cells (L2 cells) were used as the in vitro BPD model. CCK‐8, flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were used to evaluate cell viability. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the subcellular localization. Circ‐ECH1 overexpression (or inhibited) and miR‐708‐5p mimics were used to investigate the roles of circ‐ECH1 and miR‐708‐5p in BPD. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase reaction (qRT‐PCR) detected the expressions of circ‐ECH1, miR‐708‐5p, and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Ntrk2). Ntrk2 expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Changes in lung tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Pulmonary fibrosis was examined by Mason staining. TUNEL staining was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis in lung tissues. RNA sequencing was performed in the lung tissues of BPD rats. The binding between circ‐ECH1 and miR‐708‐5p was confirmed through dual luciferase activity. Hyperoxia reduced cell viability and increased cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation. In addition, hyperoxia decreased the expression levels of circ‐ECH1, which is mainly located in the cytoplasm. Circ‐ECH1 overexpression increased cell viability but reduced cell apoptosis and ROS accumulation. On the contrary, interference with circ‐ECH1 further promoted cell apoptosis and reduced cell activity. Furthermore, circ‐ECH1 overexpression reduced the incidence of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cell apoptosis. RNA sequencing, followed by qRT‐PCR, confirmed that the expressions of Ntrk2 and miR‐708‐5p were affected by circ‐ECH1. miR‐708‐5p mimics reversed the role of circ‐ECH1 in the BPD. Mechanistically, circ‐ECH1 may bind with miR‐708‐5p to regulate Ntrk2 expression. Circ‐ECH1 may compet with miR‐708‐5p to regulate Ntrk2 expression in BPD. The findings provided a new target for BPD treatment.
Recent infection testing to inform HIV prevention responses and surveillance in a programme context: lessons from implementation within a nationally scaled female sex worker programme in Zimbabwe
Authors: Jones Harriet S. , Machingura Fortunate , Gaihai Leah , Makamba Memory , Chanyowedza Thomas , Masvikeni Panganai , Matsikire Edward , Matambanadzo Primrose , Musemburi Sithembile , Chida Phillip N. , Dirawo Jeffery , Mugurungi Owen , Bourdin Sarah , Hensen Bernadette , Platt Lucy , Murphy Gary , Hargreaves James R. , Cowan Frances M. , Rice Brian
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In the context of key population HIV testing programmes, identifying new HIV acquisitions, tracking incidence, and responding with prevention and treatment interventions will be critical for achieving HIV epidemic control. Laboratory tests for recently acquired HIV used as part of a “recent infection testing algorithm” (RITA), offer a potential tool to support this work. We implemented a RITA for female sex workers (FSWs) in Zimbabwe to explore opportunities and programmatic benefits.

Methods

Between October 2021 and January 2023, recency testing was offered to FSWs attending the Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research (CeSHHAR) Zimbabwe's key populations programme. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were taken at 86 clinic sites across 10 provinces and Laboratory LAg Avidity and viral load testing conducted. RITA results were analysed and linked to programme data to explore geographical differences and calculate HIV incidence. We describe concurrent efforts in HIV testing for social (social network testing [SNT]) and sexual (index case testing [ICT]) contacts of those testing HIV positive.

Results

Among 24,976 FSWs tested at programme sites, 9.5% (2363/24,976) were confirmed HIV positive. We enrolled 55.5% (1311/2363) of eligible HIV‐positive FSWs to our study, of whom 11.7% (153/1311) were identified as having recently acquired HIV. It took a median of 37 days (IQR 20–67) for samples to be processed. Enrolment rates varied between provinces but the proportion of recently acquired HIV was similar (range: 18.4% to 4.0%). Overall HIV incidence was 3.4 (95% CI 2.7−4.0) per 100py. Where results could be linked to routinely collected data, we found no evidence of a difference in test‐positivity between the ICT and SNT contacts of those with recently acquired compared to those with long‐term HIV.

Conclusions

Implementation of a RITA was possible within a nationally scaled sex worker programme, and while challenging to implement, can provide an understanding of transmission dynamics and HIV incidence in this context. Sub‐optimal recruitment and data linkage limited the interpretation of our findings and opportunities for strategic gains though focusing on HIV prevention efforts.
Authenticity Perceptions of Informational and Transformational Advertising: Decoding the Role of Construal Level Mindset
Authors: Papadopoulou Christina , Hultman Magnus , Oghazi Pejvak
Published: November 2024

Femvertising, a progressive advertising approach, combines product promotion with empowering messages for women. Recent trends, especially in feminine hygiene, have shifted towards such empowering narratives, moving away from traditional stigmatized portrayals of women. This research investigates how femvertising impacts consumer perceptions in feminine hygiene advertising. Focusing on transformational versus informational advertising, we examine femvertising's effects on purchase behavior together with the role of perceived authenticity, and the impact of consumers’ construal level mindset. The findings from four experimental studies reveal that transformational messages significantly boost purchase behavior more than informational ones. Key to this effect is the alignment of message framing with the consumer's construal level and the mediating role of perceived authenticity. These results provide critical insights for brands using femvertising strategies, emphasizing the importance of authentic, resonant messages aligned with the target audience's mindset.
Performance of Dysmorphology‐Based Screening for Genetic Disorders in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease Supports Wider Genetic Testing
Authors: Helm Benjamin M. , Helvaty Lindsey R. , Conboy Erin , Geddes Gabrielle C. , Graham Brett H. , Lah Melissa , Wetherill Leah , Landis Benjamin J. , Ware Stephanie M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Dysmorphology evaluation is important for congenital heart disease (CHD) assessment, but there are no prior investigations quantifying the screening performance compared to standardized genetics evaluations. We investigated this through systematic dysmorphology assessment in CHD patients with standardized genetic testing in primarily pediatric patients with CHD.

Methods

Dysmorphology evaluations preceding genetic testing results allowed us to test for associations between dysmorphic status and genetic diagnoses while adjusting for extracardiac anomalies (ECAs). We use a test‐negative case–control design on a pediatric inpatient CHD cohort for our study.

Results

Of 568 patients, nearly 96% of patients completed genetic testing, primarily chromosome microarray (CMA) ± exome sequencing‐based genetic testing (493/568, 86.8%). Overall, 115 patients (20.2%) were found to have genetic diagnoses, and dysmorphic patients had doubled risk of genetic diagnoses, after ECA adjustment (OR = 2.10, p = 0.0030). We found that 7.9% (14/178) of ECA−/nondysmorphic patients had genetic diagnoses, which increased to 13.5% (26/192) in the ECA−/dysmorphic patients. Nearly 43% of ECA+/dysmorphic patients had genetic diagnoses (63/147). The positive predictive value of dysmorphic status was only 26.3%, and the negative predictive value of nondysmorphic status was 88.7%.

Conclusions

Dysmorphology‐based prediction of genetic disorders is limited because of diagnoses found in apparently isolated CHD. Our findings represent one of the only assessments of phenotype‐based screening for genetic disorders in CHD and should inform clinical genetics evaluation practices for pediatric CHD.