bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Effective Data Replication Strategy and the Improvement of the Storage Environment
Authors: Ramesh Cheripelli , Srinivasulu Bijjam , Suresh Babu M. , Keerthi M. , Indira Priyadarshini G. , Grace Verghese Marlene
Published: February 2025

Data replication is one of many data protection methods that help data centers prevent business disruptions. It copies stored data to a remote or local system. It enhances redundancy if the main storage backup system fails. It reduces system failure downtime and facilitates natural disasters and human mistake recovery. This paper discusses how to establish advanced file remote replication and store the same dataset on different computers for data protection and content dissemination. Customers can restore data access in DR arrays in case of primary production storage array failure. A user-friendly interface lets Unushered management console users manage data. Advanced replication solutions optimize a single file resource to replicate to multiple target systems to improve data security, disaster recovery, and availability. Advanced replication technologies are better for enterprises with critical data needs, high data availability, and complex IT infrastructures because they are more robust and feature rich. These technologies assist current data management techniques to protect data and preserve business continuity during disruptions or disasters. This research will assist unity storage administrators in configure and troubleshooting Advanced File Replication.
Lie Affgebras Vis-à-Vis Lie Algebras
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Ryszard R. , Brzeziński Tomasz , Radziszewski Krzysztof
Published: February 2025

It is shown that any Lie affgebra, that is an algebraic system consisting of an affine space together with a bi-affine multiplication satisfying affine versions of the antisymmetry and Jacobi identity, is isomorphic to a Lie algebra together with an element and a specific generalized derivation (in the sense of Leger and Luks in J Algebra 228:165–203, 2000). These Lie algebraic data can be taken for the construction of a Lie affgebra or, conversely, they can be uniquely derived for any Lie algebra fibre of the Lie affgebra. The close relationship between Lie affgebras and (enriched by the additional data) Lie algebras can be employed to attempt a classification of the former by the latter. In particular, up to isomorphism, a complex Lie affgebra with a simple Lie algebra fibre

$$\mathfrak {g}$$

g

is fully determined by a scalar and an element of

$$\mathfrak {g}$$

g

fixed up to an automorphism of

$$\mathfrak {g}$$

g

, and it can be universally embedded in a trivial extension of

$$\mathfrak {g}$$

g

by a derivation. The study is illustrated by a number of examples that include all Lie affgebras with one-dimensional, non-abelian two-dimensional,

$$\mathfrak {s}\mathfrak {l}(2,\mathbb {C})$$

s
l
(
2
,
C
)

and

$$\mathfrak {s}\mathfrak {o}(3)$$

s
o
(
3
)

Lie algebra fibres. Extensions of Lie affgebras by cocycles and their relation to cocycle extensions of tangent Lie algebras is briefly discussed and illustrated by Lie affgebras with the Witt and Virasoro algebra fibres.
Investigation of the sensitivity of human A549 cells to paclitaxel and sesquiterpene lactone alantolactone via apoptosis induction
Authors: Bayar Irem , Erzurumlu Yalcin , Akkoc Senem , Bulut Zafer , Nizamlioglu Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Alantolactone (ALA), a sesquiterpene lactone compound obtained from Inula helenium root, is known to have anticancer activity in many types of cancer. Paclitaxel (PAX) is an effective first-line chemotherapeutic drug and is widely used in the treatment of lung cancer. The in vitro anticancer efficacy of combined treatment of ALA with PAX was investigated in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. The results show that ALA potentiated the effect of PAX-induced growth restriction and apoptosis in A549 cells. The combined administration more effectively decreased the Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax gene expression in cells compared to ALA or PAX alone. Also, co-treatment of ALA and PAX caused apoptotic nuclear formations. Additionally, coadministration increased the caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels more than PAX or ALA alone. The increase in NF-κB gene expression levels suggests that an NF-κB-independent apoptotic trigger mechanism operates in cells. Together, the present in vitro findings suggest that ALA may contribute as a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of lung cancer.
Lupin flour as a wheat substitute in conventional and sourdough breadmaking: impact on bread physicochemical properties and volatile profile
Authors: Nigro Gianfilippo , Gasparre Nicola , Vurro Francesca , Pasqualone Antonella , Rosell Cristina M.
Published: February 2025

Enhancing the nutritional profile of baked goods while addressing sustainability challenges means finding different sources of functional, sensory and nutritional ingredients. The aim of this study was to evaluate native lupin flour versus spontaneously fermented lupin flour as ingredient for wheat breadmaking. For that purpose, wheat flour was supplemented with 15–30 g/100 g lupin flour (LF15, LF30) or freeze-dried lupin sourdough (LS15, LS30) and dough and breads were assessed in comparison with wheat bread (control). Both lupin flour and lupin sourdough decreased dough stability, delayed the fermentation and lowered the pH. The incorporation of lupin flour increased the hardness of the crumb, except for when adding sourdough (15 g/100 g) that increased the bread expansion and enriched the volatile profile of bread. The analysis of the volatile compounds confirmed that lupin flour conferred fatty, green odor due to octanal, and when in the form of sourdough brought sour, and almond notes from acetic acid and benzaldehyde, respectively. Overall, lupin addition is a strategy to produce bread aligned with current trends towards sustainable and plant-based diets, particularly in the form of spontaneous type IV whole lupin sourdough up to 15 g/100 g wheat replacement.
Enzyme cascades for nucleotide sugar regeneration in glycoconjugate synthesis
Authors: Elling Lothar
Published: February 2025

Leloir glycosyltransferases are instrumental in the synthesis of glycoconjugates. Nucleotide sugars as their donor substrates are still considered expensive making preparative enzymatic syntheses economically unattractive. The review highlights the development and advancements of in situ regeneration cycles that utilize nucleotides as byproducts from glycosyltransferase reactions to synthesize respective nucleotide sugars. This approach reduces costs and avoids inhibition of Leloir glycosyltransferases. Regeneration cycles for ten nucleotide sugars are explored emphasizing enzyme cascades from salvage pathways and nucleotide biosynthesis. Additionally, the review highlights advancements involving sucrose synthase for the in situ regeneration of nucleotide sugars from sucrose. Sucrose synthase as the first example of a reversible glycosyltransferase reaction paved the way to establish economic syntheses of glycosylated natural products. Important aspects like enzyme immobilization and protein fusion to optimize processes are discussed. Overall, the review underscores the significance of advanced in situ regeneration cycles for nucleotide sugars for cost-effective access to high-value glycoconjugates.

Key points

• Enzyme cascades for in situ regeneration of nucleotide sugars

• Effective cycles for large-scale synthesis of glycoconjugates

• Regeneration of nucleotide sugars from sucrose by sucrose synthase

Graphical abstract
Pimitespib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Japan: an expanded access program
Authors: Naito Yoichi , Iwagami Shiro , Doi Toshihiko , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori
Published: February 2025

Background

Pimitespib, an oral heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, significantly prolonged progression-free survival in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in CHAPTER-GIST-301 study. This expanded access program was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pimitespib in Japanese patients with advanced GIST.

Methods

This multicenter, open-label, single-arm study was conducted in patients (≥ 20 years) with histologically confirmed GIST who had been previously treated with imatinib, sunitinib and regorafenib and had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–1. Patients received pimitespib 160 mg/day for five days, followed by a 2-day rest, in 21-day cycles.

Results

Between February and August 2022, 23 patients were enrolled (median age 59.0 years). Over a median pimitespib treatment duration of 81.0 days, adverse events occurred in 22 patients (95.7%). The most common adverse events were diarrhea (73.9%), nausea (39.1%) and increased blood creatinine (30.4%). Serious adverse events occurred in two patients (tumor hemorrhage and tumor pain); neither was related to pimitespib. One patient had grade 3 diarrhea that was considered treatment-related. Four patients (17.4%) had eye disorders, all of which were grade 1 and treatment-related. The median progression-free survival was 4.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–6.2), the overall response rate was 0% (95% CI 0–16.1) and the disease control rate was 66.7% (95% CI 43.0–85.4).

Conclusions

Pimitespib was well tolerated and effective in patients with advanced GIST in real-world practice in Japan. No new safety signals were identified.

Trial registration: jRCT2031210526 registered 1 February 2022.
Influence of infection control for COVID-19 on nutrition in relatively healthy Japanese HD patients: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chiba Yuki , Takahashi Ryotaro , Makino Rui , Yoshida Mai , Okamoto Koji , Nagasawa Tasuku , Kato Ichiro , Ito Sadatoshi , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Miyazaki Mariko
Published: February 2025

Background

Infection control for the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to decreased physical activity and nutritional deterioration in the general population; however, the influence on hemodialysis (HD) patients is not well discussed.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective study utilized the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), Survival Index, and Nutritional Risk Index for Japanese HD patients (NRI-JH) to assess nutritional status and body composition over five observation periods. The primary endpoint was the body fluid removal rate (%) pre- and post-HD, whereas secondary endpoints included changes in GNRI, SI, body composition, and differences in NRI-JH.

Results

We enrolled 139 HD patients in three facilities. The results showed a decrease in GNRI score, which indicates nutritional deterioration, between February 2020 and August 2020 (96.8 (93.2–98.9) vs. 93.8 (90.8–97.6)) (P = 0.0005). Multivariable analysis revealed that nutritional deterioration was associated with higher C-reactive protein and lower hemoglobin levels (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0010, respectively), which were more noticeable in the urban facility. Furthermore, nutritional deterioration was linked to a decrease in soft lean and somatic cell mass and an increase in body fat mass, suggesting reduced physical activity.

Conclusions

Nutritional deterioration was observed shortly after the first COVID-19 outbreak, suggesting an association with decreased physical activity.
Determinants of naturalization and invasion of Tetraclinis articulata in eastern Mediterranean drylands: Is it a “superinvader”?
Authors: Cohen Oded , Sheffer Efrat , Bar-Shmuel Nitsan , Weber Gil , Guy Aviv , Avioz Tamir , Osem Yagil
Published: February 2025

Tetraclinis articulata, endangered in the western Mediterranean, is suspected to have become invasive in the eastern Mediterranean. This study assessed its naturalization/invasion status across Israel, where it was planted over 6000 ha in semi-arid and Mediterranean regions. We hypothesized that T. articulata colonizes undisturbed sites with low competition in combination with favourable microhabitat conditions for germination and establishment. We measured the density of regenerating T. articulata saplings in 46 eastern Mediterranean plantation sites up to 60 m away from plantation margins. Saplings were observed in 74% of the sites, of which 79% contained saplings beyond the plantation margins. The density of saplings decreased with distance from the margins and was significantly higher in Mediterranean than in semi-arid sites. Higher sapling densities were associated with tall, dense, woody vegetation formations, northern hillslope aspects with moderate slopes, soft bedrock, high stone/rock cover and absence of livestock grazing. We found that microclimatic refuges act as stepping stones for seedling recruitment, potentially explaining the successful colonization by this slow-growing species in dryland climates. Contrary to the common invader archetype, T. articulata exhibits late successional characteristics, preferentially establishing in well-developed woodlands and forests, in line with the recently defined “superinvader” archetype. Exhibiting superinvader behaviour, the invasion potential of T. articulata in natural eastern Mediterranean dryland ecosystems poses a serious threat. Reducing seed sources regionally, including drastic action such as clearing mature forests to protect biodiversity, is vital to preventing spread, especially in Mediterranean climates, and near woodlands. In the larger scheme of things, afforestation efforts in drylands using exotic drought-resistant tree species must consider this potential outcome.
Modeling dynamic pressure loss by absorption in oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers without separator
Authors: Willich Felix , Holzapfel Florian , Vrabec Jadran
Published: February 2025

A model for the dynamic pressure loss in standard oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers without gas-oil separator for avionics applications is introduced. The dynamics of such a device under load variations are primarily determined by the throttle between the oil chamber and the gas chamber. During operation, gas is absorbed by the oil upon compression and desorbed upon expansion, which are processes that extend over time and entail hysteresis. It is found that the assumption of isothermal conditions is sufficient. An excellent alignment is achieved by the model and the measured hysteresis across diverse drop test scenarios, adjusting a single parameter to a value that is physically reasonable. The standard deviation of the error in pressure is

$${\sigma _{p}=0.49\,\textrm{bar}}$$

σ
p

=
0.49

bar

. Moreover, the model rests on thermodynamic considerations and experimental gas solubility data, while it is consistent with other laboratory data from the literature.
Precision mapping and treatment of spring dead spot in bermudagrass using unmanned aerial vehicles and global navigation satellite systems sprayer technology
Authors: Henderson Caleb , Haak David , Mehl Hillary , Shafian Sanaz , McCall David
Published: February 2025

Spring dead spot is a disease of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) caused by Ophiosphaerella spp., of fungi which infect the below ground structures of plants, causing damage to the turf canopy. Previous research suggests that precision management strategies based on manually identified disease within unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery using GIS software and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-equipped sprayers can reduce the fungicide required for spring dead spot management. However, this methodology is time consuming and impractical for golf course superintendents. This paper introduces a novel approach to spring dead spot identification utilizing a custom Python script, the Simple Ophiosphaerella Damage Detector (SODD), to identify and record locations of spring dead spot from UAV imagery using basic feature extraction techniques. Initial tests comparing the outputs from SODD to spring dead spot manually identified by researchers on four fairways, comparisons of K-means cluster maps showed similarities ranging between 71 and 88% although incidence counts were inconsistent. Precision treatment methods based on SODD were evaluated across 16 golf course fairways at three locations in Virginia organized as a randomized complete-block design with four replications and four treatment methods; spot and zonal treatments based on SODD identified incidence and density, respectively, compared against full-coverage and non-treated controls. Applications were made with a Toro Multipro5800 with GeoLink GNSS-equipped sprayer in Fall of 2021. Spot and zonal treatment strategies showed similar control to full-coverage applications (p≤0.001) while reducing the percentage of the fairways treated by 48% and 52%, respectively (p≤0.001). These results highlight the capabilities for SODD as a tool for disease map generation.
Estimation of weed distribution for site-specific weed management—can Gaussian copula reduce the smoothing effect?
Authors: Schatke Mona , Ulber Lena , Kämpfer Christoph , von Redwitz Christoph
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Creating spatial weed distribution maps as the basis for site-specific weed management (SSWM) requires determining the occurrence and densities of weeds at georeferenced grid points. To achieve a field-wide distribution map, the weed distribution between the sampling points needs to be predicted. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of grid sampling design and spatial interpolation technique to improve prediction accuracy. Gaussian copula as alternative method was tested to overcome challenges associated with interpolating weed densities such as smoothing effects.

Methods

The quality of weed distribution maps created using combinations of different sampling grids and interpolation methods was assessed: Inverse Distance Weighting, different geostatistical approaches, and Nearest Neighbor Interpolation. For this comparison, the weed distribution and densities in four fields were assessed using three sampling grids with different resolutions and arrangements: Random vs. regular arrangement of 40 grid points, and a combination of both grid types (fine grid).

Results

The best prediction of weed distribution was achieved with the Kriging interpolation models based on weed data sampled on the fine grid. In contrast, the lowest performance was observed using the regular grid and the Nearest Neighbor Interpolation. A patchy distribution of weeds did not affect the prediction quality.

Conclusion

Using the Gaussian copula kriging did not result in a reduction of the smoothing effect, which still represents a challenge when employing spatial interpolation methods for SSWM. However, using a randomly distributed raster with a fine resolution could further optimize the precision of weed distribution maps.
Do human-induced habitat changes impact the morphology of a common amphibian, Bufo bufo?
Authors: Bettencourt-Amarante Soline , Abensur Raphaëlle , Furet Robin , Ragon Clara , Herrel Anthony
Published: February 2025

Human activities induce habitat modifications and the intensification of land use including urbanisation and agriculture. Human-modified habitats are often fragmented, generating patches separated by dispersal barriers. In order to cross landscape obstacles, animals need to adapt or show plastic responses allowing effective dispersal and the pursuit of fitness-relevant activities. Due to their limited dispersal capacity and the need for terrestrial and aquatic habitats to complete their biphasic life cycle, amphibians can be expected to be particularly vulnerable to changes in the landscape. Yet data to test these ideas remain relatively scarce. To test whether human-induced habitat modifications impact the morphology of animals with low dispersal ability we measure 15 morphological traits on 137 common toads (Bufo bufo) across four habitat types represented by two or three independent sites across the Ile de France region. The results shown morphological differences among habitat types and sexes. Animals show habitat specific morphologies that may allow them to survive in human-modified habitats. Moreover, females have larger heads possibly to avoid trophic resource competition with males. Males, on the other hand show longer limbs possibly related to their greater movements when finding females during the reproductive season. Overall, our results that animals living in different habitat types are morphologically different with differences between natural and urban habitat being the greatest. Whether these differences are due to local adaptation or plastic responses remains to be investigated.
Digital ecosystems and their influence on business relationships
Authors: Baptista Cristina Sales , Nunes Danilo
Published: February 2025

Our study focuses on digitalization and its effects on business relationships, particularly on the innovative aspect of how the development of digital ecosystems influences these relationships. Digital ecosystems are defined as socio-technical environments in which individuals, organizations, and digital technologies develop collaborative and competitive relationships to create value for their end customers through shared digital platforms. The main characteristics of a digital ecosystem include the existence of digital platforms and symbiosis, which refers to the interdependence between business ecosystems. Methodologically, we adopted a case study research strategy to capture the nature of the activities, resources, and actors involved, as well as the effect of digital ecosystems on the development of business relationships. This study demonstrates that digital ecosystems enhance collaboration and influence companies’ activities and resource ties by enabling real-time communication and information sharing among different actors. This collaboration extends to entities from different industries and digital platforms, which effectively integrate data between companies in real time. Furthermore, actors embedded in digital ecosystems gain several advantages, such as cost reduction, lower network latency (due to the proximity between actors), greater flexibility in establishing new connections within a shorter time frame, and accelerated time-to-market (due to the availability of multiple actors within the same environment). Moreover, actors seek to foster both cooperative and competitive relationships among participating companies, allowing each entity to purchase or transact services in a significantly simpler and more efficient manner.
Update on Pediatric Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Ferreira Johanna , Sheflin-Findling Shari
Published: February 2025

Purposeof Review

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to steadily increase in the United States and remain a major public health challenge. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HCV infection in children, focusing on recent advancements in screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

Recent Findings

Effective screening strategies, including universal screening of pregnant women and nucleic acid testing for all perinatally exposed infants at 2 to 6 months of age, have been implemented to identify infected individuals early. Direct-acting antiviral agents have revolutionized treatment, offering high cure rates for children of all ages.

Despite significant progress, challenges remain in achieving HCV elimination. These include the need for improved access to testing and treatment, as well as ongoing efforts to develop a preventive vaccine. Continued research and implementation of effective strategies are essential to reduce the burden of HCV infection.
Is there any effect of hcc location on selective internal radiation therapy with 90yttrium response?
Authors: Akgun Elife , Erdim Cagrı , Ibicioglu Burcu , Guzelbey Tevfik , Akkas Burcu Esen , Kılıckesmez Ozgur
Published: February 2025

Background

We planned this retrospective study to evaluate the effect of the central vs peripheral location effect on the success of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with 90Yttrium-90 (90Y) glass microspheres in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC).

Material and methods

Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with HCC who were eligible for SIRT with 90Y glass microspheres were included in this study. The location being central versus peripheral was defined as explained: Straight lines through the bifurcation of the right and left branches of the portal vein to the center of the HCC and the peripheral surface of the liver were traced on the same plane. The coefficient was determined as a ratio of the center of the HCC to the distance from the hilum of the liver at the portal vein bifurcation. Value under ½ accepted as central location (Group 1, n = 17), over ½ values are accepted as peripheral location (Group 2, n = 21). Treatment responses were analyzed after 2 months of the treatment with magnetic resonance imaging, and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) for FDG-avid ones. Differences in treatment responses rates, treatment approach, the absorbed doses and the volumes of each liver segments between groups were investigated.

Results

In Group 1; mean age was 67. In 5 cases split infusion, in 10 cases tumor selective treatment approach were applied. According to PERCIST/mRECIST criteria treatment responses categories: complete response in 2/1 cases, partial response in 7/9 cases, stable disease in 3/4 cases, progressive diseases in 2/3 cases; respectively. AFP value decreased in 2 cases, increased in 7 cases, and was stable in 1 case. Mean absorbed doses were 347.9 Gy for tumor, 140.6 Gy for perfused normal tissue, and 26.1 Gy for the normal liver. In Group 2; the mean age was 71.5. In 5 cases split infusion, and in 1 case non-selective treatment approach were applied. According to PERCIST/mRECIST criteria treatment responses categories: complete response in 7/6 cases, partial response in 7/10 cases, stable disease in 2/2 cases, and progressive diseases in 3/3 cases; respectively. AFP value decreased in 9 cases, increased in 2 cases, and was stable in 2 cases. Mean absorbed doses were 495.9 Gy for tumor, 134 Gy for perfused normal tissue, and 17.3 Gy for the normal liver.There is no statistically significant difference in terms of gender, treatment response rates, tumor volumes, perfuse tissue volumes between 2 groups. However, tumor-selective approach and absorbed doses of the perfused normal tissue and the tumor were significantly higher in Group 2 (p = 0.007, 0.04, and 0.02; respectively).

Conclusion

Contrary to expectation, centrally located HCCs could be treated as successfully as peripherally located HCCs. However, the complete response rate in the peripheral located tumor is more frequent than centrally located ones.
IL-1β and associated molecules as prognostic biomarkers linked with immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer: an integrated statistical and machine learning approach
Authors: Sahoo Karishma , Sundararajan Vino
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally, necessitating novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment. This study proposes an efficient pipeline leveraging an integrated bioinformatics and machine learning framework to enhance the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC.

Methods

A selection of methylated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) and features (genes) was made using both statistical and Machine learning (ML) approaches from publically available datasets. These genes were subjected to STRING network construction and hub genes estimation, separately. Also, essential miRNAs (micro-RNAs) and TFs (Transcription factors) as regulatory elements were revealed and findings were validated through scRNA-seq analysis, promoter methylation, gene expression levels correlated with pathological stage, and interaction with tumor-infiltrating immune cells.

Results

Through an integrated analysis pipeline, we identified 27 hub genes, among which CTNNB1, GSK3B, IL-1β, MYC, PXDN, TP53, EGFR, SRC, COL1A1, and TGBF1 showed better diagnostic behaviour. Machine learning approach includes the development of K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) models using TCGA datasets, achieving an accuracy range between 99 and 100%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) value for each model is 1.00, signifying good classification performance. The high expression of some diagnostic genes was associated with poor prognosis, concluding IL-1β as both a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker. Additionally, the NF-κB and microRNAs (miR-548d-3p, miR-548-ac) and TFs (NFκB and STAT5A) play a major role in the comprehensive regulatory network for CRC. Furthermore, hub genes such as IL-1β, TGFB1, and COL1A1 were significantly correlated with immune infiltrates, suggesting their potential role in CRC progression.

Conclusion

Overall, the elevated expression of IL-1β coupled with abnormal DNA methylation, and its consequent effect on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are relevant prognostic and therapeutic marker in CRC. Additional molecular candidates reveal insights into the epigenetic regulatory targets of CRC and their association with immune cell infiltration.
A 10-year bibliometric analysis in the field of osteosarcoma treatment from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Shen Yiguo , Shao Xiaobo , Chen Jiansong , Tang Xin
Published: February 2025

Objective

This paper aims to explore the research hot spot and development trend in osteosarcoma treatment using a bibliometric method based upon Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) platform over the last decade.

Methods

The literature related to osteosarcoma and cure which were published from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrieved from the database of WoSCC and made an overall analysis for the papers published including number of articles, distribution of countries and institutions, author information, and keywords, with the CiteSpace 6.2.R5.

Results

A total of 3131 papers were retrieved, including 2601 articles and 530 reviews, and the number of papers published has been increasing year by year in the last decade. There were 415 countries and 10,719 research institutions participating into the study. China’s output of literature was the highest relying on its 1490 papers published, followed by The United States (548 papers). Shanghai Jiaotong university had the largest number of papers published (121 papers) and Central South University ranked second (82 papers). A total of 16,816 authors participated in the study. The number of the paper published by Massimo Serra of the Rizzoli Orthopaedics Institute was the largest (27 papers), followed by Dominique Heymann of the University of Sheffield (20 papers). The visualization analysis of keywords by CiteSpace software showed that the drug resistance, drug delivery, tumor tissue engineering and gene expression have become hotspots in the field of osteosarcoma treatment. Drug resistance significantly limits the effectiveness of current cancer treatments. Drug delivery technology not only enhances the targeting and efficacy of drugs but also helps to overcome drug resistance. The stem cells, targeted therapy, and tumor microenvironment represent the new research trends. In particular, the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor development, progression, and drug resistance, and it offers numerous potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusion

Our investigation has identified key research foci and hotspots in osteosarcoma treatment, including drug resistance mechanisms, innovations in drug delivery technology, stem cell development, tumor microenvironment analysis, the development of novel therapies, and the clinical translation of tumor tissue engineering.
A multilevel bridge corrosion detection method by transformer-based segmentation in a stitched view
Authors: Lu Ziyue , Jiang Tengjiao , Slavič Janko , Frøseth Gunnstein T.
Published: February 2025

Corrosion is one of the main damage mechanisms in civil engineering structures today. Rapid identification and accurate assessment of corrosion in structures are essential to ensure the efficient allocation of limited funds for the maintenance and renewal of existing structures. Vision-based neural networks have been widely used in corrosion detection, in which convolutional neural network (CNN)-like models remain dominant. However, these conventional network models exhibit a saturating performance. Because of the self-attention mechanism, the transformer is the newest breakthrough in computer vision and is becoming state of the art. As the complexity of structures increases, transformer-based methods have no saturating performance. This study proposes a corrosion localization and evaluation architecture for a larger view based on semantic segmentation and image stitching for automatic localization and diagnosis of corrosion from stitched images. The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved better corrosion detection performance (F1-score = 68.2%) than that of the mainstream CNN-like models U-Net (F1-score = 61.8%) and DeepLabV3 + (F1-score = 60.1%). Image stitching is utilized for corrosion segmentation in larger view images, and the field test shows that the proposed architecture could stitch corrosion prediction from different images.
Value of focused lung ultrasound in diagnosing and monitoring pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy
Authors: Metzler Emma Katrine , Everløff Nina , Juul Amanda Dandanell , Laursen Christian Borbjerg , Graumann Ole , Pietersen Pia Iben
Published: February 2025

Background

Pneumothorax is a common complication after CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy. Pneumothorax is most often diagnosed with a conventional chest X-ray after a two-hour observation period. Ultrasound has been shown to be superior to conventional X-rays in diagnosing pneumothorax in some settings and it can be repeated without radiation exposure.

Purpose

The aim of the study was firstly to explore the sensitivity and specificity of thoracic ultrasound compared to conventional chest x-ray following CT-guided transthoracic lung biopsy, and secondly to investigate the dynamic changes of pneumothorax size using ultrasound.

Methods

This prospective study was conducted at Odense University Hospital in the Department of Radiology. Adult patients undergoing CT-guided lung biopsy were eligible for inclusion. A total of 26 patients were included in the study and were scanned five times in sitting upright and supine positions during the two-hour observation time using the FLUS Protocol.

Results

Pneumothorax was diagnosed via chest x-ray in 11 (42%) patients. With the patient in an upright position, the ultrasound had a sensitivity of 63.6% and a specificity of 93.3%. These numbers rose to 72.3% and 100% in the supine position. Monitoring the pneumothoraces showed a slight increase in size during the two hours.

Conclusions

Ultrasound can be used to diagnose pneumothorax after CT-guided lung biopsy. All pneumothoraxes that were identified by ultrasound were detected within the first 30 min. The dynamic changes of pneumothoraxes showed that the size of the pneumothorax did not increase to a level where the patient needed intervention or admittance.
A comprehensive protection scheme for regenerative braking energy utilization system in electrified railways
Authors: Hu Haitao , Yang Kai , Chen Junyu , Ge Yinbo , Wang Ke , He Zhengyou
Published: February 2025

The regenerative braking energy utilization system (RBEUS) stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways. Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies, ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system (TPSS) integrated with RBEUS. This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios. Firstly, fault categories are streamlined into three levels: system, equipment, and warning. Subsequently, a novel multi-port active power differential protection method, aligned with RBEUS operational principles, is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection. Building upon this foundation, a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established, addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions. Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety, a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth. Finally, through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions, the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
Through a Glass Darkly: Perceptions of Ethnoracial Identity in Artificial Intelligence Generated Medical Vignettes and Images
Authors: Andrew Kevlian , Montalbano Michael J.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Medical education professionals expect artificial intelligence (AI) systems to be an efficient faculty resource for content creation. However, prior findings suggest that machine learning algorithms may exacerbate negative stereotypes and undermine efforts for diversity, equity, and inclusivity. This investigation explores the potential of OpenAI’s ChatGPT (OCG) and Microsoft’s Bing A.I. Image Creator (MBIC) to perpetuate ethnoracial stereotypes in medical cases.

Materials and Methods

A series of medically relevant vignettes and visual representatives were requested from ChatGPT and MBIC for five medical conditions traditionally associated with certain ethnoracial groups: sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, beta-thalassemia, and aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. Initial prompting, self-prompting, and prompt engineering were iteratively performed to ascertain the extent to which AI outputs for generated vignettes and imagery were mutable or fixed.

Results

The ethnoracial identity in the vignettes of the clinical conditions adhered more closely than described in epidemiologic studies. Following prompt engineering and self-prompting, an increase in diversity was seen. On initial prompting, the most common ethnoracial identity depicted was Caucasian. Secondary prompting resulted in less diversity with higher conformation to the traditionally expected ethnoracial identity.

Conclusion

The prevalence of dataset bias and AI’s user-dependent learning abilities underscore the importance of human stewardship. The increasing use of AI in generating medical education content, like MCQs, demands vigilant use of such tools to combat the reinforcement of the race-based stereotypes in medicine.
Closed-Loop Stimulation Approaches and Memory Consolidation in Animals
Authors: Reith Tobias , Zhang Shu , Marshall Lisa
Published: February 2025

Purpose of Review

Sleep rhythms - particularly the coupling between cortical slow oscillations, thalamo-cortical spindles and hippocampal ripples - are proposed to contribute to multi-regional interactions crucial for memory consolidation. Animal studies are optimal to assess activity of deeper lying brain structures. Our systematic review, aims to assess animal studies employing closed-loop stimulation in the context of sleep-associated memory consolidation, to compare findings and methodologies, and provide suggestions for future research from a translational perspective.

Recent Findings

Results highlight the functional relevance of temporal coupling between sleep rhythms, but also disclose a high temporal and spatial specificity of responses, and dependence on the firing of neuromodulatory nuclei.

Closed-loop stimulation procedures present a means to experimentally investigate causal relationships between network activity and behavior, but also network neuroplasticity. It is suggested to investigate the possibility of substituting visual detection steps by machine learning. Furthermore, the inclusion of female subjects is encouraged.
Effects of solution ageing in compressive behaviour of SLM-In718 triply periodic minimal surfaces
Authors: Majeed Mobin , Situ Rong , Javanbakht Zia
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) from Inconel® alloy 718 (In718). Although many aspects of SLM-In718 have been studied, its as-built (AB) and heat treated (HT) performance under compression has not been thoroughly investigated. To this end, sheet-based diamond, gyroid, and primitive morphologies along with bulk specimens were manufactured and tested under AB and HT conditions. Standard solution ageing (solution treatment + two-step ageing) was carried out to improve some of the inherent deficiencies of SLM-In718 such as the development of brittle Laves and

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phases. It was found that the overall mechanical performance of the HT TPMS specimens were improved in terms of stiffness, strength, and energy absorption among others. Furthermore, the geometry of the TPMS specimens dictated the extent of enhancement such that the diamond geometry outperformed the others in many aspects. In contrast, the primitive structure demonstrated the most stable plateau stage in both AB and HT conditions. Microstructural analysis revealed occasional precipitation of second-phases carbide particles at grain boundaries. Moreover, niobium was made available by dissolution of Laves phases during solution treatment which was later used in precipitation of strengthening

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phases during ageing. Finally, a new scheme for analysing the energy absorption was devised which could provide a new perspective towards studying energy efficiency of porous structures. Accordingly, it was found that heat treatment improves the mechanical properties contributing the first two stages of energy absorption (initial and plateau) while limiting the fraction of the final stage. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that although heat treatment could address issues like residual stresses and microstructural shortcomings of SLM-In718, the extent of this rectification is further controlled by cell topology of the TPMS structure.
A computational workflow for crafting large-scale coral inspired modules through additive manufacturing
Authors: Guillén Juan Francisco García , Chao Yu-Han , Reich Stefan , Buchmann Carl
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to optimise the design of modular organic polymer shapes inspired by coral organisms through a computational workflow, with the objective of providing any existing free-form structure with a new skin by adding a new layer composed by modules robotically manufactured. The rise of digital fabrication in architecture has led to the growth of free-form design as a popular method in the industry. This is due in part to the availability of advanced software tools such as Grasshopper (GH), a graphical algorithm editor tightly integrated with Rhinoceros’s 3D modeling tools, and the advancement of robotic fabrication technologies. GH enables designers to build complex forms through visual programming, offering a highly intuitive way to generate and manipulate free-form structures with precision and efficiency. When combined with the capabilities of robotic manufacturing, this design approach allows for the production of unique, complex modules that can be assembled into larger structures. Robotic manufacturing provides a high degree of precision and flexibility, making it possible to produce components with intricate details and variable geometries that would be difficult, if not impossible, to create using traditional manufacturing methods. The integration of computational design with robotic manufacturing also presents opportunities for sustainability in architecture. By optimizing the design and production of building components, material waste can be minimized, and components can be designed for disassemble and recycling at the end of their life cycle. This study explores the integration of these methods with Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing (LSAM) by developing a methodology and later presenting a demonstrator using an existing timber structure, which we refer to as the “Timber Skeleton” (TS). The goal is to enhance the aesthetic and functional qualities of free-form structures, such as TS, while addressing the challenges of sustainability and efficiency in construction.
Endovascular Treatment of an Infrarenal Aortic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma Causing Critical Limb Ischemia in an 80-year-old Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Galassi Luca , Valente Maria Gabriella , Facchinetti Federica , Harder Gaia
Published: February 2025

Aortic angiosarcomas (AAS) occur in approximately one case per million people annually and are often difficult to diagnose due to their nonspecific clinical and radiological symptoms. An 80-year-old female presented with the absence of pulses of both lower limbs and feet tissue loss. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed the occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta extending to the aortic bifurcation, involving both common and external iliac arteries up to the superficial femoral artery bilaterally. A Fogarty embolectomy of both side femoral axes was performed followed by a covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation (CERAB) with a covered stent graft and two covered iliac stents placed in a kissing stent configuration. Histological examination of the Fogarty embolectomy samples revealed an aortic localization of epithelioid angiosarcoma. Healing of feet trophic lesions was observed 2 months after surgery, regardless of physical and rehabilitation team intervention progressive cachexia and physical deterioration led the patient to death 5 months postoperatively. Due to their nonspecific clinical presentation, AAS are typically late diagnosed with poor prognosis despite treatment. Endovascular treatment was chosen as the only feasible option, given the high risk of limb loss and poor general health conditions. Moreover, it led to significant improvement in patient’s quality of life with no postoperative complications. Endovascular treatment associated with a physical and rehabilitation program may be advised as a less invasive alternative, for palliative or emergent clinical presentation in order to avoid short-term complications with poor impact on survival and quality of life.
GLP-1 receptor agonists—another promising therapy for Alport syndrome?
Authors: Boeckhaus Jan , Mabillard Holly , Sayer John A.
Published: February 2025

Alport syndrome (AS) is a progressive monogenic glomerular kidney disease characterised by kidney function decline, hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities, often leading to early-onset kidney failure (KF). While current therapies, such as renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi), offer some benefits, many patients still experience KF at a young age, highlighting the need for additional treatment options. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as promising agents with demonstrated cardiovascular and nephroprotective effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Evidence from several major clinical trials has shown that GLP-1 RAs can reduce cardiovascular events and slow CKD progression by reducing albuminuria. Their potential mechanisms of action include anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and antioxidative effects, making them particularly relevant for the treatment of AS, where inflammation and fibrosis play crucial roles in disease progression. This review explores the therapeutic potential of GLP-1 RAs in AS, summarising pre-clinical and clinical data and elucidating the pathways through which GLP-1 RAs might offer renoprotective benefits. We advocate for further research into their application in AS and recommend the inclusion of AS patients in future clinical trials to better understand their impact on disease progression and patient outcomes.