bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer lexicon in modern Russian Language
Authors: Kosyreva Marina Sergeevna
Published: October 2021

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of different types of translation activity in the process of teaching students of non-philological specialties at Hanoi National University of Education. Being the direct participant of bilingual communication, the student applies the following behavioral vectors: reproduction of the semantic-structural peculiarities of the original text and adaptation of the translation text to a new linguocultural perception. This is namely the key to success in the bilingual communication, since the translator fulfills the communicative, ideological, cumulative (culturological) and even a correctional functions attempting to create the original text without flaws and shortcomings of the original text due incompetence of its author. Fulfilling any of these functions, the translator must desubjectivize the original text (extract the subjective meaning) and the translation text (taking into account the characteristics of the addressee) for the purpose of adequate objectification of the translation text in accordance with the situation. In this regard, the modern methods and techniques implemented in the pedagogical practice of Hanoi National University of Education are particularly relevant. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the attempt to determine the peculiarities of using games as a means of improving effectiveness of the Russian language class and implementation of game-based learning at Hanoi National University of Education.
Effect of storage on physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of goat milk fermented by Lactobacillus strains isolated from minas artisanal cheeses
Authors: Valente Gustavo , Acurcio Leonardo B. , Figueiredo Ranier C. , Sant'Anna Felipe M. , Brito Rommel F. , Freitas Luigi P. V. , Silva Andréia M. , Souza Marcelo R. , Penna Cláudia F. A. M.
Published: October 2021

Lactobacillus spp. are lactic acid bacteria which have important implications for the food industry due to their fermentation capacities. The aims of this research were to produce fermented goat milks with Lactobacillus plantarum B7 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1, isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheeses, and to evaluate their physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorial qualities during 30 days of storage at 7°C. The goat milks, fermented by B7, D1, co-culture and a Lactobacillus casei Shirota control, possessed acceptable physico-chemical characteristics to meet fermented milk standards established by Brazilian legislation and maintain the viability of Lactobacillus spp. throughout the shelf life of the products. The products were microbiologically safe. D1 fermented goat milk gave higher consumer sensory quality acceptance and purchase intention (p<0.05) than other treatments, thus Lactobacillus rhamnosus D1 is recommended for fermented goat milk production.
Variation of soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its Influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change: a review
Authors: Adingo Samuel , Yu Jie-Ru , Xuelu Liu , Li Xiaodan , Jing Sun , Xiaong Zhang
Published: October 2021

Soil microbial carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is the efficiency with which microorganisms convert absorbed carbon (C) into their own biomass C, also referred to as microorganism growth efficiency. Soil microbial CUE is a critical physiological and ecological parameter in the ecosystem’s C cycle, influencing the processes of C retention, turnover, soil mineralization, and greenhouse gas emission. Understanding the variation of soil microbial CUE and its influence mechanism in the context of global environmental change is critical for a better understanding of the ecosystem’s C cycle process and its response to global changes. In this review, the definition of CUE and its measurement methods are reviewed, and the research progress of soil microbial CUE variation and influencing factors is primarily reviewed and analyzed. Soil microbial CUE is usually expressed as the ratio of microbial growth and absorption, which is divided into methods based on the microbial growth rate, microbial biomass, substrate absorption rate, and substrate concentration change, and varies from 0.2 to 0.8. Thermodynamics, ecological environmental factors, substrate nutrient quality and availability, stoichiometric balance, and microbial community composition all influence this variation. In the future, soil microbial CUE research should focus on quantitative analysis of trace metabolic components, analysis of the regulation mechanism of biological-environmental interactions, and optimization of the carbon cycle model of microorganisms’ dynamic physiological response process.
HLA alleles measured from COVID-19 patient transcriptomes reveal associations with disease prognosis in a New York cohort
Authors: Warren René L. , Birol Inanc
Published: October 2021

Background

The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) gene locus plays a fundamental role in human immunity, and it is established that certain HLA alleles are disease determinants. Previously, we have identified prevalent HLA class I and class II alleles, including DPA1*02:02, in two small patient cohorts at the COVID-19 pandemic onset.

Methods

We have since analyzed a larger public patient cohort data (n = 126 patients) with controls, associated demographic and clinical data. By combining the predictive power of multiple in silico HLA predictors, we report on HLA-I and HLA-II alleles, along with their associated risk significance.

Results

We observe HLA-II DPA1*02:02 at a higher frequency in the COVID-19 positive cohort (29%) when compared to the COVID-negative control group (Fisher’s exact test [FET] p = 0.0174). Having this allele, however, does not appear to put this cohort’s patients at an increased risk of hospitalization. Inspection of COVID-19 disease severity outcomes, including admission to intensive care, reveal nominally significant risk associations with A*11:01 (FET p = 0.0078) and C*04:01 (FET p = 0.0087). The association with severe disease outcome is especially evident for patients with C*04:01, where disease prognosis measured by mechanical ventilation-free days was statistically significant after multiple hypothesis correction (Bonferroni p = 0.0323). While prevalence of some of these alleles falls below statistical significance after Bonferroni correction, COVID-19 patients with HLA-I C*04:01 tend to fare worse overall. This HLA allele may hold potential clinical value.
Design of Blockchain Based Smart Contract for Tendering
Authors: Kiyeng Denies , Karume Simon Maina , Masese Nelson
Published: October 2021

Information technology is the backbone for all 21st century organizations that are looking forward to offer better customer service and gain competitive advantage. Today, blockchain technology is being adopted by a number of organizations such as financial services, healthcare, agriculture and even government. . However, the tendering sector have not been able to take advantage of the new blockchain technology, owing to the absence of blockchain based frameworks and a model for secure tendering. This study focuses on block-chain with its BYOE (Bring Your Own Encryption) concept in the procurement sector. The research comes up with a design of a blockchain based smart contract model for organizations in Kenya following ASD approach. In addition a discussion of challenges and opportunities of Blockchain based tendering is also presented.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF LOHITAKSHA MARMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UPPER LIMB
Authors: Verma Raju , Manohar Jannu , Nath Pashupati , Gupta Satish Chand
Published: October 2021

Marma is a unique concept of Ayurveda. Marma is the site of prana. Prana is constituted by Agni, Soma, Vayu, Satwa, Rajah, Tamah, Bhuthatma and Panchendriyas. According to Acharya Sushruta, Shareera Dosha and Manasika Dosha along with Bhootatma reside in the Marma. So, if Marma gets injured all the Dosha gets vitiated. The Lohitaksha Marma in upper limb is the Shakhagata Marma Vaikalyakar in nature and it is a Sira Marma. It is two in number. The injury effect of this Marma is mentioned as RaktaKshaya and due to which Pakshaghata or Marana will be observed. In the Sira Vyadha context, Lohitaksha Sira is mentioned as Avedhya Sira in the limbs.
FUNCTIONAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF BHRINGARAJA: A REVIEW
Authors: Air Sneha S , Bhat Pravin M
Published: October 2021

Bhringaraja (Eclipta alba) of the Asteraceae family is used in various Kalpa to treat eye disease because of its Chakshushya properties. It is also used in naktyandhtva and widely used in liver disease, anemia, eye disease, problem-related to hairs. It is having antibacterial, analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, antihepatotoxic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective properties. It contains chemical compounds including coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids etc. Because of these properties, it is used in various eye diseases. The eye is also made from the Panchamahabhutas like other body parts. Every part of the body is developed from a neural tube i.e., ectoderm and mesoderm like this every part or layer of the eyeball develop from the optic vesicle, the ectoderm and mesoderm, as the origin is the same. Also, many eye-related symptoms are seen in various systemic diseases. Eclipta alba can be used in various diseases which has ocular manifestation with different concentrations and in various formulation with appropriate concentration along with other herbs. So, we need to develop appropriate formulation for evidence-based medicine.
AN OUTLOOK ON PILONIDAL SINUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NADI VRANA: A REVIEW
Authors: S Aishwarya , Aradhyamath Siddayya
Published: October 2021

Pilonidal sinus is an epithelium lined tract, containing hairs and unhealthy diseased granulation tissue. It is a very common disease encountered in clinical practice. It is often challenging owing to its higher chances of recurrence. Due to its similarity in features, the disease is being compared to Nadivrana according to the classics of Ayurveda. Despite the vast advancements in the field of medicine and surgery, the management of this disease remains agnostic. Though there are around 17 different techniques enumerated for the treatment of this condition, no gold standard method has been evolved in treating it. The classic of Ayurveda explains a set of treatment methodologies that not only provides a cure to the disease but also prevents the recurrence of the same which is the most notable complication of the disease. This article is aimed at throwing light into the disease and its various treatments adopted, both from modern and ayurvedic perspectives.
Constraints in the Diffusion of E-NAM and the Policy Measures
Authors: Kaur Baljit , Kundu K. K. , Sharma Nitin
Published: October 2021

The study's major goal is to look at how prices and market arrivals have changed before and after the installation of e-NAM, as well as the challenges that stakeholders experience in adopting this technology. Based on the facilities gained from the designated APMCs linked with e-NAM through personal interviews, data from randomly selected farmers and dealers, cum commission agents, and committee officials was collected. Several users were interviewed in order to achieve this goal relating to various challenges faced by e-NAM stakeholders while participating in the process of selling and buying through the e-NAM site. Farmers in the selected APMCs faced significant challenges due to the complicated and time-consuming method of trading in the e-NAM system, a lack of knowledge about e-trading (farmers frequently do not understand the meaning displayed in the machine), and frequent visits to the bank for payment realisation.
Board Gender Heterogeneity, Corporate Diversification and Cash Flow Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria: An Independent and Joint Effect Analysis
Authors: Jonathan Ndubuisi Chinedu , Bridget Udekwesili Akwuobi , Ogochukwu Nkiru Onyeogubalu
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of board gender heterogeneity and corporate diversification on cash flow performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the effect of gender heterogeneity and business subsidiary on operating, investing and financing cash flow performances. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design; as the goal is not to manipulate any variable but rather to establish effect. The population comprised quoted DMBs and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of six (6) banks whose annual reports were accessible for the period of 2005-2020 which is the time scope of this study. The data were analysed using the multiple regression technique. The results showed that gender heterogeneity and corporate diversification does not have a statistically significant effect on cash flow performance jointly and individually. Based on these findings, the study recommended that Gender heterogeneity should be allowed on the boards of DMBs not necessarily to promote cash flow performance, but for equity, fairness and relative peace as supported by previous literature.
The Effect of Additional Cayenne (Ananas comosus [L]. Merr) Solution on the Prefferencelevel Red Tilapia Shredded
Authors: Wicaksono Afrandy , Rostini Iis , Rostika Rita , Pratama Rusky Intan
Published: October 2021

This research aims to determine the right concentration of cayenne solutionso the red tilapia product most liked. The method used in this study was experimental. The research consisted of 4 treatments and 20 panelists as replicates. The treatments were addition of pineapple fruit extract solution as much as 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% of the total weight of the fish meat filet and the soaking process for each treatment for 30 minutes.Based on the calculation of the value of the criteria in the form of color, aroma, taste, and texture obtained, the most important is the taste that determines the final decision of the panelists in choosing the processed product of shredded fish meat with a weight value of 0.46.Based on the parameters of preference, the product of  red tilapia shredded with 20% pineapple solution was the best treatment and the most preferred by the panelists, with organoleptic values: color 6.5; fragrance 6.3; taste 7.2; and texture 6.0. The results of the proximate test of red tilapia with the addition of a 20% pineapple solution in the soaking process for 30 minutes was the most preferred treatment by the panelists. The results were 6.2% water content, 30.18% protein, 17.72% fat and carbohydrates 41.97%.
School Based Action Research on Implemetation of Life Skill Education for Positive Behaviour Outcome
Authors: Gyaltshen Nidup , Lethro Pema
Published: October 2021

The research study titled “School Based Action Research on the implementation of Life Skills Education in schools”, broadly aimed to observe positive behavioral change in teachers and students through the implementation of Life Skills Education in schools. This is to be achieved by converging on a sub theme: “Can Life Skills Education address and deal with disciplinary issues in Tshangkha Central School”. The research is carried out at Tshangkha Central School, Trongsa with classes IX – XII students.

This paper assesses whether life skills education can curb out the disciplinary problems in the school. It begins with a review of the literature on indiscipline; its types; causes; life skill education, and utilizes that literature to identify how ten core life skills could be applied to address and deal with disciplinary issues. Research methodology implored are questionnaire, applicability and transferability test, interview and school disciplinary records register. It is primarily a mixed method.

After the analysis of the data there has been evidence of Life Skills Education (LSE) being successful in addressing and dealing with disciplinary issues in Tshangkha Central School (TCS).
Geophysical Investigation of Groundwater Using Vertical Electrical Sounding in Mubi and Maiha Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Kasidi S. , Victor V.
Published: October 2021

This research work is aimed electrical resistivity survey for groundwater development conducted in Mubi and Maiha local government area of Adamawa State, in order to delineate the groundwater potential zones and determining the depth and thickness of sediments layers, and recommend suitable depth for drilling. Fourteen vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out within the study area using Schlumberger electrodes configuration was used for the field data acquisition. The field data obtained was analyzed using IX1D computer software and, VES1-14 resistivity model indicate 3-4 layered earth models. The interpretation shows positive inference in terms of a well-defined weathered basement and as such, it is likely to possess requisite hydro-geological characteristics that could supply underground water in fair quantity to well when drilled. Therefore, VES number denoted (R) are recommended for drilling at approximate depths of 40±5 to 50±5 meters.
Promotion of Children Health with Giving Supplement of Rainbow Nutrition: A Review
Authors: Alwadkar Sagar , Wankhede Pratibha , Wanjari Mayur
Published: October 2021

Introduction: "Eat the Rainbow" is an educational approach intended to encourage children to incorporate fruits and vegetables in their daily diet so that they can receive all the foods they need for their health. According to UNICEF, school children are the future generation of tomorrow, the age group from 6 to 12 years is considered the school-age children. They grow steadily but gradually and generally eat four to five times a day, which include snacks. Maintaining their health, development, and growth during this age group is extremely important. These age groups of children face rapid mental and physical development and therefore proper nutrition is very crucial at this point in life. In children, the eating habits developed at birth usually persist into adulthood. Eating habits are influenced by food choices. During this time many dietary habits, likes, and dislikes are established. Parents, friends and especially television media affect their food choices and eating habits.
Undescended Testicle Operated with Orchiopexy Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Wanjari Mayur , Wankhede Pratibha , Mendhe Deeplata , Alwadkar Sagar , Rodge Hina
Published: October 2021

The testicles develop in the abdomen while a male baby is still in the uterus. Before birth, the testicles typically drop from inside the abdomen down into the scrotum. The scrotum is the sack of skin hanging behind the penis where the testicles are housed.

Undescended testicles fail to drop into the scrotum before birth or in the first few months of life. The condition is also called cryptorchidism.

Here we discussed, A 15 Years old male child was brought to Acharya Vinobha Bhave Rural Hospital with a complaint of undescended testis and is brought for surgical management. The history of previous illness as narrated by the father the child was born with an undescended testis on the right side.
A Rare Case Report on Hirschsprung’s Disease
Authors: Wankhede Pratibha , Gulghane Achal , Wanjari Mayur
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Hirschsprung’s disease is a condition that affects the large intestine and causes problems passing stool. It was first identified by “Ruysch” in 1961 and popularized by Hirschsprung’s in 1886. A missing nerve cell in the baby's colon muscles causes the condition, which is present at birth.

Clinical Findings: Difficulty in passing stool, Abdominal pain, fever, (Temperature 100-degree f) Vomiting, Failure to thrive, poor feeding.

Diagnostic Evaluation: CBC Infestation, Blood test, Hb -10.4 gm%, Total RBC Count -4.37 million /cu mm, RDW-13.3%, HCT-30.5%, Total WBC Cont-4000 /cu mm, Monocytes- 13%, Granulocytes-65%, Lymphocytes-30%, AST (SGOT)-28 U/L.

Therapeutic Intervention: Blood Transfusion, Inj. Aminoven 200 mg BD, Cefotaxime 400 mg BD IV, Inj. Amikacin 130 mg OD, Inj. Metrogyl 90 mg BD, Inj. Pantocid 10 mg OD.

Outcome: After Treatment the child show improvement in his passing stool frequently and relived Vomiting, fever, and increases feeding pattern.

Conclusion: My patient was admitted to pediatric ward no 22 at AVBRH with a known case of Hirschsprung's Disease, and he had complained of difficulty in passing stool, at birth after getting appropriate treatment and surgery his condition was improving.
Application of Response Surface Methodology in Development and Optimization of Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Tolvaptan in Bulk and Formulation
Authors: Sutar A. S. , Magdum C. S.
Published: October 2021

Design of Experiment assisted stability indicating RP-HPLC was developed and optimized using response surface methodology for determination of Tolvaptan.  Mobile phase was developed and optimized using Design of Experiment with response surface methodology. Acetonitrile and phosphate buffer with pH 5.5 (70:30% V/V) was optimized as mobile phase. The flow rate was maintained at 1ml/min. Stress studies were performed as per guidelines. Method was validated in accordance with regulatory requirements and results were within specified limits of regulatory guidelines. Tolvaptan was eluted at 3.24 min. It shows linearity from 2.5-15 µg/ml. Coefficient of correlation was 0.999, LOD and LOQ values were 1.0871 (µg/ml) and 3.2942 (µg/ml). Precision was determined with % RSD of 0.8669 and 0.9709%, mean percentage Recovery value was found to be 99.88 ±1.2. All stress degradation products are very well resolved from drug peak which indicate suitability indicating nature of the developed method. Design of Experiment technique can help in fast and economical optimization of mobile phase which inturn will save time for method development. The developed method is simple, accurate, sensitive which can be utilised as stability indicating method for identification of degradation products in routine analysis of the drug.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Self-Instructional Module on Knowledge Regarding Selection of Play Articles for Children and Its Importance among Parents of 6-12 Years Children
Authors: Meshram Pritam , Mendhe Deeplata
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Kids are humanity's hope. The children of today are the masters of the world of the future. The saying goes, "Health is richness." Therefore, if children are happy, they will be healthier for the future generation, a healthy nation's result. Play articles are more than just playing things, but while they should be enjoyable, they should also be children's age-appropriate physical and emotional growth. It is necessary to consider playing items or playing articles as a cognitive learning tool for children.

Objective: Assess the knowledge and effectiveness of the self-instructional module regarding the selection of play articles for children and its importance among parents of 6-12 years of children. Associate the post-test knowledge score with selected demographic variables among parents of 6-12 years of children.

Methods: Study research design is a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test. Population in this study parent of 6-12 years children selected area of Wardha city with 80 parents to use close-ended structured questionnaires have been used in this study for assessing knowledge.

Results: The finding of the study shows that the post-test, the sample was had a poor level of knowledge score, none of them had a poor level of knowledge score, none of them had an average level of knowledge, none of them had a good level of knowledge score, 52 (78.75%) had an excellent level of knowledge score and 28 (21.25%) have a very good level of knowledge, The minimum score was 13 and the maximum score was 19, the mean score was 16.79 ± 1.290 with a mean percentage score of 55.96%.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that 28 (21.25%) having a very good level of knowledge and 52(78.75%) having an excellent level of knowledge.
Fabrication of Chitosan Based Antibacterial Implant for Multibacterial Bone Infection
Authors: Pawar Ashish Y. , Jadhav Sejal R. , Derle Deelip V.
Published: October 2021

Despite advancements in medicines and novel surgical methods, osteomyelitis is still a complex and difficult to treat multi-bacterial bone infection. It generates in tissue necrosis along with rupturing of bone in chronic cases leading towards limited vascularity at infection site, local treatment might not show accountable level of antibiotic at infection site. The present research aims towards development and evaluation of bio-degradable implant of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride to treat local osteomyelitis. Chitosan is widely investigated biodegradable polymer with hydroxyl moiety which is active and can be altered chemically to develop biomedical and therapeutic dosage forms. Here this active group was modified using epichlorohydrin & crosslinked Chitosan matrices were used as carrier to formulate different Ciprofloxacin implant. In vivo parameters and in vitro study was conducted for optimized batch. The formulation having 40% drug loading (EC4) was found to be optimum when all evaluation parameters were tested. The concentration of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride (HCl) in bone and surrounding tissues is much higher than minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) even after a month. After observing the water uptake and extended release of drug from all formulations the drug loading was found to be higher. The present work concluded that, the highly branched chitosan remarkably reduce the percent (%) drug release up to a month which could be useful in the treatment of osteomyelitis.
Clinical Presentations of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mousa Ahmad Mujahed Abdulqader , Anna Zadorozhna , Julia Dieieva , Zhanna Tereshchenko , Serhii Konovalov
Published: October 2021

Purpose of Review: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is denoted as the symptomatic inflammations of sin nasal mucosa persists for ≥12 weeks. The purpose of this study was to review the recent literatures for digging out a clear concept on the clinical presentations of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and assess the potentialities of the features.

Recent Findings: According to the findings, descriptions and discussions of several recent studies it was observed that, a package of clinical features and presentations are associated with chronic rhinosinusitis. Some are major and some are minor potentials. The frequencies and severities of symptoms and features are directly dependent on the duration of that disease.

Summary: Basically, rhinosinusitis or CRS is an inflammatory and infectious disease which affects the nasal cavities as well as the paranasal sinuses of patients. Rhinosinusitis with polyps is more common in male than that in female. There are many possible clinical features of CRS. But as per the frequencies, duration and effects nasal congestion, nasal discharge (Anterior/posterior nasal drip), pain/pressure on the face, impaired ability to smell (Hyposmia/anosmia), dizziness, fever and cough are the most common clinical features of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Bayesian Analysis of an Optimal Five Period Cross-over Design
Authors: Nyakundi Cornelious Omwando , Tum Isaac Kipkosgei
Published: October 2021

A crossover design is a repeated measurements design such that each experimental unit receives different treatments during the different time periods. In a majority of bioequivalence studies, design and analysis of cross-over using classical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and test are normally associated with erroneous results. The Bayesian method is desirable in the analysis of crossover designs to eliminate errors associated with carryover effects. The objective of this study was to compare the Bayesian and the - test analysis methods on treatments and carryover effects for an optimal two treatments, five periods and four sequence C (2, 5, 4) design. The treatments and residual estimates were obtained using Best Linear Unbiased Estimation (BLUE) method. In the Bayesian method of analysis, the posterior quantities were obtained for the mean intervals of treatments and carry-over effects and the highest posterior density (HPD) graphs were plotted and interpreted using conditional probability statements. For validation purposes, the Bayesian method results were compared with the existing -tests results. From the Bayesian analysis, the probability of significant treatment difference in the presence of carryover effects was 1, while from the -test, the calculated value of 11.73 was greater than the two sided tabulated value at 95  level of significance. The two analysis methods implied significant differences in the treatment effects. In conclusion, it was established that Bayesian method of analysis can be used for bioequivalence analysis even when the carry-over effects are present and hence it is highly recommended for bioequivalence studies.
Psicologia do Desenvolvimento: Há Questões Novas?
Authors: Ana Maria Almeida Carvalho
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste texto é contribuir para o questionamento de certas concepções sobre a infância e osentido do estudo do desenvolvimento. Recorrendo ao trabalho de Evelyn Thoman que, já na década de80, examinou e questionou alguns pressupostos, em suas palavras, “mitos”, que orientam a Psicologiado Desenvolvimento – os mitos do neonato defi ciente, das competências aditivas, da neutralidadeemocional e do futurismo – refl etimos sobre sua evolução e recorrência na atualidade e apontamosalguns caminhos que temos seguido em nosso trabalho e que consideramos promissores para a críticadesses pressupostos e para a redefi nição de conceitos como interação social, sociabilidade, seletividade,vínculo e cultura de pares.
Metformin may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy via lncRNA H19 in breast cancer
Authors: Chen Jida , Qin Chuan , Zhou Yulu , Chen Yongxia , Mao Misha , Yang Jingjing
Published: October 2021

Autophagy and ferroptosis have been major foci of biomedical research in recent years. Elucidation of their intrinsic molecular relationships is important for cancer prevention and treatment. Metformin can directly inhibit tumorigenesis, although the mechanism responsible for this is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that metformin and lncRNA‐H19 can regulate both autophagy and ferroptosis. Autophagy inducers and H19 can reverse the production of lipid reactive oxygen species and the inhibition of autophagy induced by metformin. The present study suggests that metformin may induce ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy via H19, and this discovery may facilitate the development of novel therapies for the treatment of breast cancer.
Preparing Polypropylene Auxetic Foam by a One‐Pot CO2Foaming Process
Authors: Li Niexin , Liu Ziqi , Shi Xingbo , Fan Donglei , Xing Haiping , Qiu Jian , Li Minggang , Tang Tao
Published: October 2021

At present, the direct preparation of polymer foam with negative Poisson ratio (auxetic foam) from nonpolar polymer resins is still a challenge. Herein, a one‐pot CO2foaming method is established to directly prepare closed‐cell auxetic foams with different cellular structures (bimodal cell structure and homogeneous cell structure) from polypropylene (PP) resin by introducing hydrophilic additives (NaCl) into PP and regulating foaming conditions. The effects of foaming temperature, saturation time, and size of added NaCl on Poisson's ratio are studied. The comparison with PP/talc composites shows that the presence of NaCl plays a crucial role in the formation of the negative Poisson ratio of foam. Furthermore, the regulation of the size of negative Poisson ratio is achieved by controlling the amount of NaCl in PP/NaCl composites. This study has important reference significance for the preparation of nonpolar polymer auxetic foams.
From Stoichiometric Reagents to Catalytic Partners: Selenonium Salts as Alkylating Agents for Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions in Water
Authors: Martins Nayara Silva , Ángel Alix Y. Bastidas , Anghinoni João M. , Lenardão Eder J. , Barcellos Thiago , Alberto Eduardo E.
Published: October 2021

The ability of chalcogenium salts to transfer an electrophilic moiety to a given nucleophile is well known. However, up to date, these reagents have been used in stoichiometric quantities, producing a substantial amount of waste as byproducts of the reaction. In this report, we disclose further investigation of selenonium salts as S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) surrogates for the alkylation of nucleophiles in aqueous solutions. Most importantly, we were able to convert the stoichiometric process to a catalytic system employing as little as 10 mol % of selenides to accelerate the reaction between benzyl bromide and other alkylating agents with sodium cyanide in water. Probe experiments including 77Se NMR and HRMS of the reaction mixture have unequivocally shown the presence of the selenonium salt in the reaction mixture.

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Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclic Acetals with Spirooxindole Skeleton
Authors: Shikari Amit , Mandal Koushik , Chopra Deepak , Pan Subhas Chandra
Published: October 2021

An organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of cyclic acetal with spirooxindole skeleton has been developed via a domino reaction between isatin and γ‐hydroxy enones. Bifunctional squaramide catalyst with adamantyl motif was found to be the most effective for the cascade reaction. With 10 mol% of the catalyst, the desired products were obtained in 1.8:1 to 9:1 diastereo‐ and 86% to >99% enantioselectivities from a range of substituted isatins and γ‐hydroxy enones.

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Enantioselective Nitro‐Michael Addition Catalyzed by N‐Terminal Guanidinylated Helical Peptide
Authors: Tamaribuchi Kenya , Tian Jiaqi , Akagawa Kengo , Kudo Kazuaki
Published: October 2021

Enantioselective Michael addition of β‐dicarbonyl compounds toward nitroalkenes were realized by using an immobilized, N‐terminal‐guanidinylated peptide, H2N−C(=NH)−Trp−Trp−(Leu−Leu−Aib)3−PEG−PS‐resin (Aib=2‐aminoisobutyric acid), as catalyst. Viable nucleophiles were acetylacetone, dimethyl malonate, and β‐ketoesters. The electrophiles include the β‐nitrostryrenes with various substituents on the benzene ring and the aliphatic nitroalkenes. Sterically congested α‐ethoxycarbonyl‐β‐nitrostryrene also successfully reacted. The resin‐supported catalyst could be recycled for five times.

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Food insecurity and COVID‐19 risk in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Mueller Valerie , Grépin Karen A. , Rabbani Atonu , Navia Bianca , Ngunjiri Anne S. W. , Wu Nicole
Published: October 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic prompted social distancing, workplace closures, and restrictions on mobility and trade that had cascading effects on economic activity, food prices, and employment in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Using longitudinal data from Bangladesh, Kenya, and Nigeria covering a period from October 2020 to April 2021, the paper assesses whether knowledge of a person infected with COVID‐19 is associated with food insecurity, job loss and business closures, and coping strategies to smooth consumption. The likelihood of households to experience food insecurity at the extensive and intensive margins increased among those who knew an infected person in Bangladesh and Kenya.
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for treating patients with hepatitis C virus reinfection following direct‐acting antiviral‐induced sustained virologic response
Authors: Liu Chen‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Jen , Su Tung‐Hung , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Pei‐Jer , Kao Jia‐Horng
Published: October 2021

Data regarding the patient characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following viral eradication by a prior course of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) and the clinical performance of pangenotypic DAAs to retreat such patients are lacking. The demographics and potential routes of transmission were shown in 22 patients with confirmed reinfection following HCV clearance by a prior course of DAAs. Twenty patients received retreatment with pangenotypic sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) according to label recommendations. The sustained virologic response (SVR12) rates and the tolerance following treatment were reported. The incidence rates of reinfection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive and HIV‐negative patients were 8.33 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 5.33‐12.78) and 0.30 per 100 person‐years (95% CI: 0.12‐0.77), respectively. Eighteen (81.8%) patients had HIV coinfection. The elapsed time between SVR12 and reinfection ranged from 3 to 36 months. Twenty (90.9%) patients had different viral genotypes/subtypes before and after HCV reinfection. Prior to reinfection, 15 (68.2%) patients achieved SVR12 using SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB. Twelve and eight patients were retreated with SOF/VEL for 12 weeks and GLE/PIB for 8 weeks, respectively, in whom SVR12 was all achieved. All patients completed the assigned course of retreatment without interruption and all had excellent tolerance. The risk of HCV reinfection is higher in HIV‐positive patients than HIV‐negative patients following DAA‐induced SVR. Treating reinfected patients with SOF/VEL or GLE/PIB as DAA‐naïve patients has excellent effectiveness and tolerance, irrespective of the type of prior DAA exposure or viral genotypes/subtypes.
Collaborative study for the quantification of total contents of 2‐ and 3‐monochloropropanediol and glycidol in food emulsifiers by GC–MS
Authors: Kuhlmann Jan
Published: October 2021

An international robin round was carried out to validate a method for the quantification of 2‐monochloropropane‐1,3‐diol (2‐MCPD), 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol (3‐MCPD) and 2,3‐epoxy‐1‐propanol (glycidol) being present as fatty acid esters in plant‐based food emulsifiers. The evaluated method was a modification of the American Oil Chemist's Society (AOCS) Official Method Cd29b‐13. Briefly, this method consists from parallel analysis of two sample aliquots that are spiked with different sets of internal standards. Mild alkaline interesterification overnight in the freezer releases the core analytes. Reaction stop and glycidol conversion into monobromopropanediol (MBPD) is realized by addition of acidified sodium bromide solution. Subsequently, matrix removal and analyte extraction are achieved by two liquid/liquid (l/l) extraction steps. After derivatisation with phenylboronic acid (PBA) the final extracts are analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quantification is carried out by internal one‐point‐calibration. Six laboratories from four European countries participated in the trial and reported eight data sets for 10 test materials (mono‐ and diacylglycerides as well as polyglycerol polyricinoleates) that were analyzed as blind duplicates, giving a total of 20 samples. Result outliers were eliminated according to ISO 5725‐2. At 2‐MCPD levels above 0.02 mg/kg, 3‐MCPD levels above 0.07 mg/kg and glycidol levels above 0.11 mg/kg repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 1.9% to 24.0%, reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 6.7% to 29.2% and HorRat R values ranged from 0.4 to 1.6. The tested method showed to be suitable for the determination of 2‐MCPD, 3‐MCPD and glycidol in food emulsifiers consisting from mono‐ and diacylglycerides as well as polyglycerol polyricinoleates.
Biological responses to P‐limitation in indigenous bacteria isolated from drinking water
Authors: Abkar Leili , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: October 2021

Biofilm formation in direct biofiltration causes operational issues such as accelerated head loss accumulation rate resulting in short filter runtime. Applying coagulant in low P level source water may impose bacteria to the P‐limited condition. It is hypothesized that the nutrient limitation, specifically P, as an essential macronutrient for bacteria causes stress and triggers excess extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Two of the most biofilm‐producing bacteria were isolated from a full‐scale biofilter, provided the opportunity to study the indigenous biofilter bacteria. The isolated bacteria were identified using full‐length 16S rRNA and characterized. The biological behavior of the species was studied under different P‐limited conditions in a nutrient‐limited medium simulating freshwater nutrient availability. Carbohydrate and Protein‐EPS were increased when decreasing the available P in the medium, suggesting that lack of P can trigger higher EPS.

Article Impact Statement

This study demonstrated that the lower P levels are directly related to excessive extracellular polymeric substances production and consequently the biofilter performance.
Definitive screening accelerates Taxol biosynthetic pathway optimization and scale up in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell factories
Authors: Walls Laura E. , Martinez José L. , del Rio Chanona E. Antonio , Rios‐Solis Leonardo
Published: October 2021

Background

Recent technological advancements in synthetic and systems biology have enabled the construction of microbial cell factories expressing diverse heterologous pathways in unprecedentedly short time scales. However, the translation of such laboratory scale breakthroughs to industrial bioprocesses remains a major bottleneck.

Methods and Major Results

In this study, an accelerated bioprocess development approach was employed to optimize the biosynthetic pathway of the blockbuster chemotherapy drug, Taxol. Statistical design of experiments approaches were coupled with an industrially relevant high‐throughput microbioreactor system to optimize production of key Taxol intermediates, Taxadien‐5α‐ol and Taxadien‐5α‐yl‐acetate, in engineered yeast cell factories. The optimal factor combination was determined via data driven statistical modelling and validated in 1 L bioreactors leading to a 2.1‐fold improvement in taxane production compared to a typical defined media. Elucidation and mitigation of nutrient limitation enhanced product titers a further two‐fold and titers of the critical Taxol precursors, Taxadien‐5α‐ol and Taxadien‐5α‐yl‐acetate were improved to 34 and 11 mg L‐1, representing a three‐fold improvement compared to the highest literature titers in S. cerevisiae. Comparable titers were obtained when the process was scaled up a further five‐fold using 5 L bioreactors.

Conclusions

The results of this study highlight the benefits of a holistic design of experiments guided approach to expedite early stage bioprocess development.
Fabrication of a Function‐Integrated Water Oxidation Catalyst through the Electrochemical Polymerization of Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Iwami Hikaru , Kondo Mio , Masaoka Shigeyuki
Published: October 2021

Water oxidation (2H2O→O2+4H++4e−) is an essential reaction for artificial photosynthesis. In nature, photosystem II efficiently catalyzes this reaction through the synergistic effect of the catalytic center and charge transporters. However, the development of artificial catalytic systems for water oxidation in which the catalytic center is surrounded by charger transporters remains challenging. Herein, a function‐integrated water oxidation catalyst was fabricated by the electrochemical polymerization of mononuclear ruthenium complexes bearing carbazole moieties. A new precursor complex, Ru(bda)(czpy)2 (2; bda2−=2,2′‐bypyridine‐6,6′‐dicarboxylate, czpy=9‐[2‐(4‐pyridinyl)ethyl]carbazole), was successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, and elemental analysis. Under electrochemical conditions, the carbazole moieties of 2 dimerized to form a polymeric material, Poly‐2. Poly‐2 exhibited an excellent charge‐transporting ability and catalyzed electrochemical water oxidation with high efficiency. Notably, nonpolymeric systems were not catalytically active, indicating that synergism between the catalytic center and charge transporters enhanced the catalytic performance of Poly‐2.
Challenges and Solutions for Plastic Packaging in a Circular Economy
Authors: Schmidt Jannick , Auer Maximilian , Moesslein Jochen , Wendler Pascal , Wiethoff Stefan , Lang‐Koetz Claus , Woidasky Jörg
Published: October 2021

New regulations require improvement of plastic packaging waste management to meet higher recycling rates. One solution for today's multilayers and other sorting challenges is tracer‐based‐sorting (TBS). TBS uses fluorescent tracers to provide sorting information on packagings. Industrial printing tests with tracer materials showed good printing quality. For TBS waste management feasibility studies, extensive packaging sorting plant input analyses were carried out, focusing on materials, color, label type, and label whereabouts. Sorting tests on a TBS‐modified NIR‐sorter resulted in excellent detection rates. LCA showed the reduced climate impact of TBS compared to conventional sorting technology. Implementation and transfer of TBS to other industries show high potential.
Computer simulation of tumour resection‐induced brain deformation by a meshless approach
Authors: Yu Yue , Bourantas George , Zwick Benjamin , Joldes Grand , Kapur Tina , Frisken Sarah , Kikinis Ron , Nabavi Arya , Golby Alexandra , Wittek Adam , Miller Karol
Published: October 2021

Tumour resection requires precise planning and navigation to maximise tumour removal while simultaneously protecting nearby healthy tissues. Neurosurgeons need to know the location of the remaining tumour after partial tumour removal before continuing with the resection. Our approach to the problem uses biomechanical modelling and computer simulation to compute the brain deformations after the tumour is resected. In this study, we use meshless Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics as the solver. The problem geometry is extracted from the patient‐specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and includes the parenchyma, tumour, cerebrospinal fluid and skull. The appropriate non‐linear material formulation is used. Loading is performed by imposing intra‐operative conditions of gravity and reaction forces between the tumour and surrounding healthy parenchyma tissues. A finite frictionless sliding contact is enforced between the skull (rigid) and parenchyma. The meshless simulation results are compared to intra‐operative MRI sections. We also calculate Hausdorff distances between the computed deformed surfaces (ventricles and tumour cavities) and surfaces observed intra‐operatively. Over 80% of points on the ventricle surface and 95% of points on the tumour cavity surface were successfully registered (results within the limits of two times the original in‐plane resolution of the intra‐operative image). Computed results demonstrate the potential for our method in estimating the tissue deformation and tumour boundary during the resection.
The RNA‐binding protein La/SSB associates with radiation‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks in lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Staudacher Alexander H. , Li Yanrui , Liapis Vasilios , Brown Michael P.
Published: October 2021

Background

Platinum‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy are standard treatments for non‐small cell lung cancer, which is the commonest, most lethal cancer worldwide. As a marker of treatment‐induced cancer cell death, we have developed a radiodiagnostic imaging antibody, which binds to La/SSB. La/SSB is an essential, ubiquitous ribonuclear protein, which is over expressed in cancer and plays a role in resistance to cancer therapies.

Aim

In this study, we examined radiation‐induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in lung cancer cell lines and examined whether La/SSB associated with these DSB.

Method

Three lung cancer lines (A549, H460 and LL2) were irradiated with different X‐ray doses or X‐radiated with a 5 Gy dose and examined at different time‐points post‐irradiation for DNA DSB in the form of γ‐H2AX and Rad51 foci. Using fluorescence microscopy, we examined whether La/SSB and γ‐H2AX co‐localise and performed proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co‐immunoprecipitation to confirm the interaction of these proteins.

Results

We found that the radio‐resistant A549 cell line compared to the radio‐sensitive H460 cell line showed faster resolution of radiation‐induced γ‐H2AX foci over time. Conversely, we found more co‐localised γ‐H2AX and La/SSB foci by PLA in irradiated A549 cells.

Conclusion

The co‐localisation of La/SSB with radiation‐induced DNA breaks suggests a role of La/SSB in DNA repair, however further experimentation is required to validate this.