bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sedentary Lifestyle on Obesity
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Kulliyat, AKTCH, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.., Nomani Abid Nadeem
Published: April 2022

One of the biggest health hazards is a sedentary or inactive lifestyle. Sedentary behaviour entails spending too much time sitting or lying down without activity. Vital practices for good health are physical activity and regular exercise. However, many people do not exercise regularly. “All causes of death raised by Sedentary lifestyles, the risk of CVD, diabetes mellitus, and obesity doubled due to sedentary lifestyle and chances of colon cancer increase, development of high blood pressure, progression of osteoporosis, occurrence of lipid disorders, depression, and anxiety are also caused due to sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary behaviour is becoming a major public health concern according to the WHO. Despite being connected to a variety of chronic health disorders; sedentary lifestyles appear to be becoming more prevalent in many countries. The health concerns connected with a sedentary lifestyle are being confirmed by recent study.
The Effect of Plyometric Training and Strength Training among Male College Volleyball Players - A Comparative Study
Authors:   Senior Physiotherapist, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India., Kumar Ajit
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The performance of sports persons can be enhanced through scientific inputs from physiotherapists, as demonstrated in this study.Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of plyometric training versus strength training in improving the power, standing broad jump, and vertical jump performance of college-level volleyball players.Methodology: Fifty subjects were randomly assigned to either of one group equally after assessment. Subjects in Group 1 were trained with plyometric training while subjects in Group 2 (n = 25) were trained with strength training. The pre-test and post-test data of standing broad jump, power, vertical jump performance were taken before and after the intervention respectively using standing long jump test, power by Sayer’s formula, and vertical jump test.Results: In Group 1, average power before the intervention was 3409.39 ± 290.19 watts and after the intervention, it was 3912.30 ± 100.00 watts. In Group 2, average power before the intervention was 3318.30 ± 236.17 watts, and after the intervention, it was 3709.2 ± 298.86 watts. Thus, in both the groups, intervention led to a significant improvement in power. In Group 1, average vertical jump height before the intervention was 42.16 ± 4.52 cm and after the intervention, it was 49.68 ± 4.95 cm. In Group 2, average vertical jump height before the intervention was 40.96 ± 3.93 cm and after intervention, it was 47.08 ± 4.76 cm. Conclusion: Both the groups showed improvement after the training, but the group trained with plyometric training showed better results than the strength training group.
Use of Trending Web Technology Tools in Technological Institution Libraries: A Study
Authors:   Librarian, KLS Gogte Insitute of Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka, India., Kumbar Basavaravaraj S
Published: April 2022

The research paper extracts the information and factors about the adopting social media sites and awareness on possibilities of adoption. On use of Social Media Sites and factors to use them in engineering and technological institution library for various services. The study is based on a survey research method. The paper cover four VTU regional divisions affiliated college as random samples. The questionnaire is distributed through e-mail with Google Form design. 40 college libraries are selected for research sample. The study is limited to use of Social Medeia Sites and its use by the professionals and awareness on the web tools. The paper also explores the expression on some reasons for using them. The SPSS statistical software is used to analyse for the received data.
Dynamika zachwaszczenia łanu owsa nieoplewionego w warunkach zróżnicowanych systemów uprawy roli
Authors: Deryło Stanisław , Szymankiewicz Kazimierz , Pisarski Ryszard
Published: April 2022

The strict field experiment was conducted at The Experimental Station in Czeslawice, a part of the Aricultural University in Lublin in the years 2000–2002.The experiment was set up on podzolic soil formed from loess, a good wheat complex. The research focused on the infestation of a naked oats canopy at the following developmental stages: propagation, shooting and grain wax maturity cultivated under various systems of soil tillage. In the studied soil tillage systems, the short-lived species proved to dominate, including Capsella bursa-pastoris, Galinsoga parviflora, Chenopodium album, Apera spica-venti, Matricaria maritima ssp. indora, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Viola arvensis and Myosotis arvensis. They constituted from 74.3% to 55,1% of the total weed number. The least dynamics of weeds inhabiting the naked oats canopies was recorded at the grain wax maturity stage. The chemical treatment of the oats canopies over the shooting stage appeared to be most efficient for weed reduction. The highest weed biomass in an oats canopy was reported in the objects with simplified soil tillage and direct sowing. The applied treatment measures did not affect the development of weed biomass significantly.
Ocena zawartości azotanów w wodach rzeki Dunajec
Authors: Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara , Niemiec Marcin
Published: April 2022

Human activities transform the natural environment and cause an extreme biogen inflow to surface waters. The current investigation was aimed to estimate the effect of agricultural and domestic human activities at lowland area of the Dunajec watershed on water quality, both from the spatial and time perspective, which was assessed considering their nitrates content. Water was sampled during the vegetation periods 2003 and 2004 in one of the Dunajec River section flows through the rural areas between Zgłobice, above the industrial center in Tarnów and below Czchów dam reservoirs. Nitrates contents in the Dunajec waters depended both on the date and point of sampling and ranged between 0.38 and 4.84 mg NO3-N dm-3. In 2004 nitrates content on average was higher than in 2003 by 27%. The highest nitrates concentration was stated below Brzozowianka draining rural areas with poor sewage system. High nitrates concentrations were found at Zgłobice, a point closing typical of the agricultural section. The least nitrates content was found at Janowice below Pale nianka draining extensive farming areas. Markedly larger variations of nitrates content were observed in 2003 than in 2004. The highest nitrate concentrations were registered after intensive rainfall and top-dressing with nitrogen, wheras their lowest levels were found in the summer because of intensive development of vegetation. Water enrichment with nitrates in the agricultural area was observed at spring dates, but the reverse relation was noticed at other dates. Nitrates content fulfilled recommended values for A1 category of consumption water but most samples may be considered as sensitive to eutrophication because of nitrates concentration.
Wpływ wprowadzenia dolistnego nawożenia mikroelementami runi długotrwałego doświadczenia w Czarnym Potoku na zawartość wapnia
Authors: Kopeć Michał , Szewczyk Wojciech
Published: April 2022

Basing on long-term fertilizer experiment localized on a mountain meadow (Czarny Potok near Krynica – 20o54’ E; 49o24’ N), the effect of treatment with Mikrovit-1 fertilizer on changes in the sward calcium concentrations was studied. The experiment set up in 1962 comprises 8 treatments and since 1985 it has been conducted in 0 CaO and +CaO series. Liming was repeated in 1985. Treatments with two doses of nitrogen (90 and 180 kg N ha-1) applied in two forms (ammonium nitrate and urea) against phosphorus-and-potassium fertilization provide the basis of the experiment. As a result of systematic mineral fertilization the meadow sward was characterized with very low content of calcium. For 18 years prior to liming the quantity of calcium taken up on NPK treatments had been almost twice bigger than in the period between the 18th and 36th year of the experiment. As a result of microelement fertilization applied in the 33rd year of the studies, sward calcium concentration increased in comparison with the four-year period preceding the measure application, which was particularly noticeable on treatment with incomplete NPK fertilization and in 2nd cut. Appli ed microelement fertilization more positively affected an increase in calcium concentrations in sward of the limed series than in the unlimed one. A lack of significant response to Mikrovit-1  fertilization on NPK treatments should be ascribed to very low doses of microelement fertilizer applied  for conservative fertilization.
Plonowanie mieszanek Festulolium braunii (K. Richt.) A. Camus z Trifolium repens L. w zależności od udziału komponentów i poziomu nawożenia azotem
Authors: Kitczak Teodor , Czyż Henryk
Published: April 2022

The aim of the experiment done in 2000–2002 on sandy soil of a good-rye-complex was to find optimal proportions of Trifolium repens and Festulolium braunii seeding with various doses of nitrogen fertilization. The field experiment of two factors was arranged by the split-plot method in four replicates. The area of one plot was 12 m2, 1st factor: share of Trifolium repens cv. sown with Festulolium (Felopa) (0, 30 and 50%), 2nd factor: level of nitrogen fertilization (0, 80, 140 and 200 kg N ha-1). The floristic composition of sward and the content of protein were analysed, and the yields of green and dry matter were recorded. Botanical analysis showed that the share of Trifolium repens in both mixtures reached 46–29% in the first year and 39–19% in second year of full utilization. A sagnificant interaction between mixtures and doses of nitrogen fertilization was found. The combination where Trifolium repens was sown in 30%, Festulolium in 70%, and dose of nitrogen – 140 kg ha-1, was the most advisable.
Badania nad nawożeniem pastwiska nawozami płynnymi
Authors: Kozłowski Stanisław , Goliński Piotr , Zielewicz Waldemar , Biniaś Józef
Published: April 2022

The type of fertilizer and the method of its application are important factors influencing the process of optimisation of grassland fertilization. Foliar application of sward fortification with liquid fertilizers is gaining in importance again. Lists of fluid fertilizers offered by fertilizer distributors are getting longer and longer. In our experiments, we used the following two fertilizers: a highly concentrated aqueous solution of ammonium saltpetre and urea frequently referred to in Poland as RSM and, from the group of liquid multi-component fertilizers, Basfoliar 12-4-6 containing 12% N, 4% P and 6% K as well as some macro- and microelements.  Traditional fertilization using ammonium saltpetre, potassium salt and superphosphate was treated as the control object, while the experimental plot with no fertilization was used as a control. The subject of the experiments included a permanent pasture and a temporary pasture established by sowing different cultivars of Lolium perenne. The results of our experiments show that the saltpetre-ammonium and Basfoliar 12-4-6 solution can be considered as interesting fertilizers which can fortify plant elements of the pasture sward with nutrients. Changes in the quantitative and qualitative botanical composition of the pasture sward appear to confirm the specific response of plant species to the application of nutrients contained in fluid fertilizers. The application of foliar fertilization of the sward pasture with RSM and Basfoliar 12-4-6 allowed obtaining fodder of good qualitative parameters comparable with those found in the pasture sward fertilized traditionally, i.e. with ammonium saltpetre and superphosphate. The mode of action of the RSM and Basfoliar 12-4-6 is similar to that of ammonium saltpetre. Wider possibilities of their application will depend on their price as well as costs of their application.
Zmienność w występowaniu składników organicznych i mineralnych w Phalaris arundinacea
Authors: Golińska Barbara , Kozłowski Stanisław
Published: April 2022

The objective of the research project was to assess the chemical composition of the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) and its variation from selected meadows dominated by this grass in the Wielkopolska region. Investigations were carried out in the years 1999–2003 on the plant material derived from selected valley permanent meadow complexes situated in the regions of Wielkopolska, especially in the Note River valley. Samples of plant material from successive regrowths were collected for chemical analyses during the vegetative period from selected 15 objects. Using commonly applied analytical methods, the concentration of nitrogen compounds, chlorophyll dyes, elements of carbohydrate-lignin complex and mineral components were determined. The obtained results indicate that the chemical properties of Phalaris arundinacea justify the placement of this species in the group of valuable fodder grasses. One of the characteristic features of the chemical composition of reed canary grass is its close to optimal concentration of crude protein and mineral components. However, in order to promote this grass as interesting fodder grass, it is necessary to supply appropriate quantities of its seeds to the market. The seed problem can be solved temporarily by the registration of foreign cultivars, but a long-term solution is the development of native cultivars of Phalaris arundinacea. The observed variability in the occurrence of organic and mineral components indicates that there are possibilities of selecting proper material for breeding of this grass species.
Walory użytkowe odmian gazonowych Festuca ovina wysiewanych w siewie czystym i mieszankach na trawnikach ozdobnych
Authors: Kwietniewski Henryk
Published: April 2022

In this paper we showed the results of 4-years’ experiments on the usefulness of some cultivars and mixtures of grasses for decorative lawns in the Mazurian Lakeland conditions. The following characteristics were estimated in 9º scale: winter hardiness, turf compactness, colour, leaf fineness and general aspect of lawns. Amond the studied cultivars of Festuca ovina the best features for pure sowing were founo for cultivars ‘Witra’, both designed in the Department of Grassland Sciences and Nieznanice 'Klomb'.
Addition of in‐Play Cooling Breaks During Intermittent Exercise while Wearing Lacrosse Uniforms in the Heat Attenuates Increases in Rectal Temperature
Authors: Osakabe Jumpei , Yamamoto Miyuna , Matsumoto Takaaki , Umemura Yoshihisa
Published: April 2022

To reduce the risk of heat-related illness, appropriate body cooling strategies are needed during men’s lacrosse competitions in hot-humid environments. The current study investigated whether additional in-play cooling breaks would attenuate the core (rectal) body temperature rise during exercise designed to mimic the activity patterns of a men’s lacrosse match while wearing uniform in hot-humid environments. In randomized and counterbalanced order, ten physically active men completed two experimental trials comprising four quarters of 15-min intermittent cycling exercises separated by a 10-min simulated half-time break and two 2-min quarter breaks in a climate chamber (35°C, 50% relative humidity). The two trials included a regular simulated match condition (REG) and a water break time out condition (WBTO) that included additional 2-min breaks 7.5-min into each quarter. Rectal temperature was significantly lower (p=0.017) in the WBTO condition (38.23±0.23°C) compared with the REG condition (38.50±0.46°C) at the end of the 4th quarter. In addition, ratings of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, heart rate and the physiological strain index were significantly lower (all p<0.05) in the WBTO condition compared with the REG condition. The current results indicated that, even when wearing lacrosse uniforms, the implementation of WBTO attenuated the core body temperature elevation only in the latter stages of an intermittent cycling exercise protocol designed to mimic the exercise pattern of a men’s lacrosse match. Therefore, WBTO may provide a feasible and effective cooling strategy for lacrosse players to reduce the risk of heat-illness.
Health and safety in 3D printing
Authors: García Héctor , López Pola Teresa
Published: April 2022

Fused deposition modelling, or 3D printing, is an additive manufacturing technique that is quickly gaining popularity because of its ability to produce usable parts with several geometries. It provides multiple advantages in everyday life. However, the emerging risks of using 3D printers at home is an issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that a person spends, on average, 80-90% of their time inside a building, up to 60% of that time is at home. Therefore it is essential to control the pollutants in the indoor environment. This paper evaluated the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and nanoparticle emissions during 3D printing with the most common Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) materials. Real-time aerosol monitors were used to characterise particulate emission, and laboratory analysis was used to check the VOCs levels.  During printing, an increase of VOCs and nanoparticles was observed. This  increase was more significant during printing with ABS filaments than during printing with PLA filaments. The nanoparticles size emitted for the ABS filament was smaller than the particles emitted for the PLA filament. A carcinogen substance like benzene was found during printing. The pollutants levels observed may cause health problems, and it is recommended that  printing be avoided without engineering controls in place, e.g. a good ventilation and extraction system.
Young people in science: how to attract and retain
Authors: Petruk Galina
Published: April 2022

Привлечение и удержание молодых научно-педагогических кадров в академической и университетской среде – одна из важнейших социально-экономических задач в реализации государственной политики. Омоложение кадров вузов и сектора науки является в настоящее время достаточно острой проблемой, особенно в удаленных от центра районах России. В статье представлены результаты научно-практического исследования путей совершенствования работы вуза по привлечению и удержанию молодежи в числе научно-преподавательского состава. Новизна выводов и предлагаемых практических рекомендаций заключается в реализации ряда мероприятий по созданию условий для привлечения и удержания молодежи в региональных университетах и академических институтах.
Stock pricing factors
Authors: ALIEV Oleg M.
Published: April 2022

Subject. This article deals with stock pricing factors. Objectives. The article aims to identify factors affecting the share prices of Russian companies. Methods. For the study, I used content, logical, and comparative analyses. Results. The article describes the factors that influence the price of a company's shares, but are not always directly related to its management and operations. Conclusions. There is a certain lack of scientific works confirming or refuting the applicability of fundamental indicators in the problem of predicting the changes in stock prices in the Russian market, when high volatility of financial markets and increased uncertainty due to political events have changed the relationship between the market value of shares and the fundamental indicators of the issuing company. Therefore, the significance of fundamental indicators should be checked in conjunction with external factors, which makes it possible to check the appropriateness of the application of fundamental analysis in modern realities.
Commercial banks as monetary policy impetus conduits: Loans to non-financial organizations and the GDP
Authors: AFANAS'EVA Oksana N.
Published: April 2022

Subject. This article simulates the impact of commercial banks as conduits of impetus transmitted by monetary policy to the economy, on economic growth in various countries in 2000–2020. The key task of modeling is to identify the impact of variability in the volume of bank loans provided to non-financial organizations on GDP.
Objectives. The article aims to contribute to the discussion on the role of commercial banks and bank loans to non-financial organizations in the implementation of monetary policy and the achievement of the goal of economic growth.
Methods. For the study, I used a new mathematical apparatus that differs from the classical econometric approach.
Results. The article proposes a model of the impact of bank loans to non-financial organizations on GDP, which helps determine two management scenarios: sustainable unidirectional (positive) impact of growth in indicators of bank lending to non-financial organizations on GDP for a certain period or periods; complete absence of control actions.
Conclusions. The article concludes that different countries implement either the first management scenario or the second one to achieve the goals of economic growth.
“More Important than COVID-19”: Temporary Visas and Compounding Vulnerabilities for Health and Well-Being from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Australia
Authors: Walsh Moira , Due Clemence , Ziersch Anna
Published: April 2022

Refugees and asylum seekers on temporary visas typically experience interacting issues related to employment, financial precarity, and poor health and well-being. This research aimed to explore whether these issues were exacerbated by the social impacts of COVID-19. Interviews were conducted both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic with 15 refugees and asylum seekers living in South Australia on temporary visas. While this research found that COVID-19 did lead to a range of negative health and other outcomes such as employment challenges, a key finding was the reiteration of temporary visas as a primary pathway through which refugees and asylum seekers experience heightened precarity and the associated pervasive negative health and well-being outcomes. The findings emphasize the importance of immigration and welfare policy.
From Ethics to Refusal: Protecting Migrant and Refugee Students from the Researcher's Gaze
Authors: Gavilanes Vianney A.
Published: April 2022

This piece makes a methodological contribution to refugee studies in the context of the “ethical turn” in the field by arguing for a spectre orientation to the student voice that resituates participant knowledge as diffused rather than explicit. This orientation, as a methodological stance, goes beyond reflexivity and practices a refusal to engage in damage-centred research. Drawing from a broad theoretical and conceptual literature within the contexts of forced migration, this short essay expands the current literature focusing on procedural ethics by offering a more humanizing methodology for conducting research with migrant and refugee youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Narrativa-s de resistencia: el diálogo entre la sanción de la Ley de Identidad de género y las voces de lxs sujetos implicadxs
Authors: Prieto Courries Federico C
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo trazar un recorrido por los diferentes momentos que se fueron presentando hasta alcanzar la sanción de la Ley 26.743 de Identidad de Género, en el año 2012, en la República Argentina. Se pretende que este recorrido dialogue con las voces de lxs propixs sujetxs implicadxs, dando lugar así, a sus narrativas de resistencia. Se intentará que el recorrido propuesto nos brinde la posibilidad de pensar, críticamente, los problemas y procesos históricos, sociales y culturales a los que se confrontan lxs sujetxs que pertenecen a colectivos socio sexuales disidentes.
Editorial
Authors: Bermúdez Rico Rosa Emilia , Ruiz Vallejo Fernando
Published: April 2022

Editorial
La externalización de los servicios de información turística en el contexto de la COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad de Alicante (España), Garulo Ramón Carlos , Díez Sánchez Juan José ,   Universidad de Alicante (España), Sellers Rubio Ricardo ,   Universidad de Alicante (España)
Published: April 2022

Spanish legislation allows public authorities to outsource the provision of certain services when they lack their own means to do so Thus, tourist information services are one of the services that authorities tend to outsource because tourism’s broad and flexible time margins cannot always be covered by the public sector. In addition, tourism has been one of the economic sectors hardest hit by the recent COVID‑19 pan‑ demic, with significant effects on employment, demand and the arrival of international tourists, among oth‑ ers. Thus, the general objective of this work is focused on analysing the effect that the COVID‑19 pandemic has had on the outsourcing of tourist information services. As such, an investigation has been designed that researches the tenders from the Spanish State Contract Platform from 2018 to 2020. The results seem to suggest a positive trend and that COVID‑19 has had a slight influence. The research also seems to indicate that public administrations do not use the Common Procurement Vocabulary (CPV) code adequately in their tender processes, although it seems to be being corrected.
Análise netnográfica dos impactos do COVID-19 no turismo do Brasil
Authors:   Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia Catarinense (Brasil), Silva Daiko Lima e , Borges Vicente de Paula Censi ,   Universidade Federal do Piauí (Brasil), John Elaine ,   Anima Digital - UNISOCIESC (Brasil)
Published: April 2022

Brazilian tourism has experienced the restrictions on mobility and new rigid health procedures as a result of the COVID‑19. pandemic The present research aimed at analysing the impacts of coronavirus on tourism as based on the perceptions of specialists in the area, as given live on the social network Instagram and in interviews. In order to study the impacts, an exploratory qualitative approach was chosen, using the techniques of net(h)nography. Thus, of the results obtained, the study highlights the understanding that post‑COVID‑19 tourism will recover at a slower pace than other sectors of the economy acquiring formats that privilege domestic tourism, requiring public managers to exercise perspicacity in development and management processes that allow tourist destinations to adapt to the new market demands.
La fiscalidad como estímulo para la sostenibilidad en destinos turísticos maduros
Authors:   Universidad de Jaén (España), Pulido-Fernández Juan Ignacio , Durán Román José Luis ,   Universidad de Jaén (España), Cárdenas-García Pablo Juan ,   Universidad de Jaén (España), Carrillo-Hidalgo Isabel ,   Universidad de Jaén (España)
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of demand in mature tourist destina‑ tions by grouping tourists into homogeneous segments or subgroups, identifying for each of these segments which socio‑demographic variables and characteristics of the trip explain their willingness to pay both for a more sustainable destination as well as for an improvement in the tourist experience at the destination. The study is carried out in Andalusia home to a series of unsustainable mature mass‑tourism destinations. To achieve the proposed objective, 1,068 surveys have been carried out at the main exit points of the Anda‑ lusian region and a two‑stage cluster technique used to identify for each segment which variables explain its WTP. Five clusters have been identified, with the variables type of companions, length of stay, origin and daily budget ofe greatest discriminating power in the formation of said clusters.
Reproducir la vida en un entorno dinámico: construcción de capacidades turísticas en San Andrés Ixtlahuaca, Oaxaca, México
Authors:   Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Oaxaca (México), Reyes Macedo Sandra Maribel , Reyes Santiago María del Rosario ,   El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (México), Méndez García Elia María del Carmen ,   Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Oaxaca (México)
Published: April 2022

This research works with skill dynamics and new rural community approaches to analyse how to generate community tourism skills and management, principally related to cope with water shortages in San Andrés Ixtlahuaca, Oaxaca. Qualitative tools were used to understand community learning processes, and quantitative tools were used to identify training and relationships. The results evidence dynamic capac‑ ity for acquisition, internalisation and transformation of knowledge relating to tourism. New knowledge is organized and integrated into traditional know‑how toward a strategy for the continuity of community life in terms of conservation and better use of communal resources
Coordinación público privada en la implementación de programas a nivel local. Caso centros comerciales a cielo abierto (Mar del Plata, Argentina)
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (Argentina), Cacciutto Mariangel
Published: April 2022

The link between commerce and tourism is widely known, given the need for shops and services for the development of the activity and due to the consideration of commercial streets as recreational tourist attractions. Thus, this article set out to analyze public‑private coordination in the implementation of the Centros Comerciales a Cielo Abierto program in the city of Mar del Plata (Argentina), taking into account the resources put into play by each actor, in what is considered a governance process. It is a qualitative study, which has an interpretative approach, while taking into account the point of view of the actors involved from the use of semi‑structured inter‑ views; this information was collated and complemented with that from secondary sources. Regarding the results of the case, implementation could be achieved due to a favorable local context of government support, available financial resources, and a structure of fluid relationships between the intervening actors. The change in munici‑ pal management, as well as the lack of confidence on the part of merchants about the impact of the program, are factors that have influenced its discontinuity.
Greening the Desert
Authors:   Southern Methodist University, Metzger Pamela R. , Meeks Kristin ,   Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center, Pishko Jessica
Published: April 2022

Greening the Desert brings a criminal justice lens to the phenomenon of legal deserts in small, tribal, and rural (STAR) communities—vast areas with few, if any, practicing attorneys. The report explores STAR criminal justice communities and describes strategies and initiatives to green these criminal law deserts. Using case studies, the report offers concrete examples of successful innovations. It also includes cautionary notes about risks that may arise with the implementation of strategies to recruit, train, and retain STAR practitioners.
Ending Injustice: Solving the Initial Appearance Crisis
Authors:   Southern Methodist University, Metzger Pamela R. , Hoeffel Janet C. ,   Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center, Meeks Kristin , Sidi Sandra
Published: April 2022

Most Americans expect that if they are arrested, they will quickly appear before a judge, learn about the charges, and have an attorney assigned to defend them. The reality is vastly different. After arrest, a person can wait in jail for days, weeks, or even months before seeing a judge or meeting an attorney. This report chronicles the resulting initial appearance crisis and highlights its devastating consequences. More importantly, it provides policymakers and advocates with actionable recommendations.
Budding Change
Authors:   Southern Methodist University, Metzger Pamela R. , Smiegocki Victoria , Meeks Kristin
Published: April 2022

Budding Change explores what happened when Dallas County District Attorney John Creuzot (DA Creuzot) radically changed his office’s policies about the prosecution of first-time misdemeanor marijuana cases. The report concludes that DA Creuzot’s 2019 policies were associated with significant reductions in police enforcement of marijuana misdemeanor laws. As a result, marijuana screening caseloads within the District Attorney’s Office declined substantially. Budding Change shows that prosecutorial policies can have a profound impact on policing behaviors.
The Rural Texas Sheriff
Authors:   Southern Methodist University, Davies Andrew L.B. , Liu Valeria ,   Deason Criminal Justice Reform Center, Torossian Elisa
Published: April 2022

The Rural Texas Sheriff reports on a focus group conducted in conjunction with the Deason Center's 2019 Rural Criminal Justice Summit. The report places rural Texas sheriffs and their agencies in a national context. It also offers insight into the focus group's perceptions of rural law enforcement and jail management. With first-hand accounts of these sheriffs’ experiences, the report offers a compelling look at the personal and professional lives of Texas’ rural sheriffs.
Genetics agrees: Africa is thriving in diversity
Authors: Hanchard Neil
Published: April 2022

Populations in African countries have much more genetic variation than previously thought. We sequenced the DNA of 400 individuals and showed how people moved and interacted both with each other and with their environment in the past. Our findings, including both old and newly discovered gene variants, have deep implications for the future of genetics in medicine.
Unruptured cerebral aneurysm risk stratification: Background, current research, and future directions in aneurysm assessment
Authors: Silva Michael A. , Chen Stephanie , Starke Robert M.
Published: April 2022

Background:

The optimal management of unruptured cerebral aneurysms is widely debated in the medical field. Rapid technology advances, evolving understanding of underlying pathophysiology, and shifting practice patterns have made the cerebrovascular field particularly dynamic in recent years. Despite progress, there remains a dearth of large randomized studies to help guide the management of these controversial patients.

Methods:

We review the existing literature on the natural history of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and highlight ongoing research aimed at improving our ability to stratify risk in these patients.

Results:

Landmark natural history studies demonstrated the significance of size, location, and other risk factors for aneurysm rupture, but prior studies have significant limitations. We have begun to understand the underlying pathophysiology behind aneurysm formation and rupture and are now applying new tools such as flow dynamics simulations and machine learning to individualize rupture risk stratification.

Conclusion:

Prior studies have identified several key risk factors for aneurysmal rupture, but have limitations. New technology and research methods have enabled us to better understanding individual rupture risk for patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
Can further subdivision of the Raymond-Roy classification of intracranial aneurysms be useful in predicting recurrence and need for future retreatment following endovascular coiling?
Authors: Saqib Rukhtam , Wuppalapati Siddhartha , Sonwalkar Hemant , Vanchilingam Karthikeyan , Chatterjee Somenath , Roberts Gareth , Gurusinghe Nihal
Published: April 2022

Background:

The Raymond-Roy classification has been the standard for neck recurrences following endovascular coiling with three grades. Several modified classification systems with subdivisions have been reported in literature but it is unclear whether this adds value in predicting recurrence or retreatment. Our aim is to assess if these subdivisions aid in predicting recurrence and need for retreatment.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all patients undergoing endovascular coiling between 2013 and 2014. Patients requiring stent assistance or other embolization devices were excluded from the study. The neck residue was graded at time of coiling on the cerebral angiogram and subsequent 6, 24, and 60 months MRA. Correlation between grade at coiling and follow-up with need for subsequent retreatment was assessed.

Results:

Overall, 17/200 (8.5%) cases required retreatment within 5 years of initial coiling. 4/130 (3.1%) required retreatment within 5 years with initial Grade 0 at coiling, 6/24 cases (25%) of those Grade 2a, 4/20 cases (20%) Grade 2b, 3/8 (38%) Grade 3, and none of those with Grade 1. Large aneurysms ≥11 mm had an increased risk of aneurysm recurrence and retreatment. About 9.7% of ruptured aneurysms required retreatment versus 4.4% for unruptured. About 55% of carotid ophthalmic aneurysms were retreated.

Conclusion:

Although the modified classification system was significantly predictive of progressive recurrence and need for retreatment, no significant difference between the subdivisions of Grade 2 was observed. Similar predictive value was seen when using the Raymond-Roy classification compared to the new modified, limiting the usefulness of the new system in clinical practice.
Howard S. Becker - Kanıt
Authors: Abdulhakimoğulları Engin Durukan
Published: April 2022

Günümüzde anket, mülakat, doküman incelemesi, kurumların tuttuğu istatistiki veriler gibi geleneksel veri toplama yöntemleri ve kaynaklarının yanı sıra büyük veri (big data) olarak adlandırılan internet temelli yeni veri kaynakları da bulunmaktadır. Becker ise tam da bu noktada Kanıt (2021) adlı kitabında bu verilerin hangi koşullar altında genel bir fikri destekleyen ilgili kanıt olarak kabul edilebileceğine odaklanıyor. Yazar öncelikle kitabın konusu olan kanıt kavramını tanımlamaktadır: “Veriler, bilim insanları onları bir iddiayı desteklemek için kullandığında kanıt haline gelirler.” (16). Başka bir ifadeyle kanıt, araştırmacının kullandığı verilerin, toplum hakkındaki gözlemlerinin teoriye, toplum hakkında fikirlere dönüştürülmesidir. Yani sosyal teorilerin şekillenip gelişmesi kullanılan verilerin kanıtlama yetkinliğine bağlıdır. Bu bağlamda söz konusu kitapta Becker, araştırma sürecinde elde edilen verilerin topluma dair teoriye dönüştürüldüğü oldukça kritik bir aşamayla ilgilenmektedir. Çünkü bu aşamada genelde göz ardı edilen ve hatta tartışma konusu yapılmayan bir ayrıntı yer almaktadır. Becker da tam olarak bu detaya dikkatimizi çekmektedir: fikirlerimizi kanıtlamak için kullandığımız veriler ne kadar güvenilirdir?
Catalytic Materials by Design
Authors: Baiker Alfons , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk , Miiller Christian A. , Schmid Leo
Published: April 2022

Recent activities of our group in the design of catalytic materials are briefly surveyed. Special attention is given to sol-gel-derived mixed oxide aerogels and organic-inorganic hybrid gels, and to supported noble metals with controlled particle size. Examples discussed embrace: organically
modified titania-silica aerogels for the epoxidation of bulky olefins, Ru-containing silica hybrid gels for the synthesis of formic-acid derivatives, and colloid-derived supported gold catalysts with controlled metal particle size.
Synthesis of -Tosyloxylated gem-Difluoroalkanes via Elusive [2,3]-Sulfonyloxy Migration
Authors: Wang Honggen , Tu Fang-Hai , Wang Yi , Li Zhan , Yang Shuang , Li Yin , Tan Dong-Hang , Li Qingjiang , Gao Hui
Published: April 2022

gem-Difluoroalkanes widely exist in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. Reported herein is a facile synthesis of tosyloxylated gem-difluoroalkanes via an oxidative fluorination of readily available vinyl sulfonates. An intriguing [2,3]-sulfonyloxy migration, which has been rarely known, is involved as a key step. The OTs group within the products enables a divergent and modular synthesis of a wide variety of functionalized gem-difluoroalkanes via simple and reliable SN2 reactions. Notable features of this protocol include mild reaction conditions, high efficiency and remarkably good functional group tolerance. Theoretical mechanistic studies were conducted, supporting a rate-determining [2,3]-sulfonyloxy shift is involved.
Charge Concentration Limits The Hydrogen Evolution Rate in Organic Nanoparticle Photocatalysts
Authors: O'Connor Max , Aubry Taylor J. , Reid Obadiah G. , Rumbles Garry
Published: April 2022

Colloidal organic nanoparticles (NPs) have proven to be a promising class of photocatalyst for performing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) due to their dispersibility in aqueous environments, their strong absorption within the visible region, and the tunabilty of their component materials’ redox potentials. Currently, there is little understanding of how charge generation and quenching mechanisms in organic semiconductors change when these materials are formed into nanoparticles that share a high interfacial area with water, nor is it known what mechanism limits the efficiency of hydrogen evolution in prior reports. Herein, we use Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity (TRMC) to study aqueous NPs and bulk thin films composed of a blend of EH-IDTBR and PTB7-Th and examine the relationship between composition, interfacial surface area, charge carrier dynamics, and photocatalytic activity. We find that NP photocatalytic activity corresponds directly to the low-fluence estimations of the yield mobility product, and that the NPs have additional higher-order quenching processes relative to bulk samples of the same material composition. These results suggest that catalytic activity in these particles is limited by the concentration of electrons and holes in operando and not a finite number of active surface cites or the catalytic rate at the interface. This provides a clear design goal for the next generation of efficient photocatalytic particles.
Big data en el mundo del retail: segmentación de clientes y sistema de recomendación en una cadena de supermercados de Europa
Authors: Cam Gensollen César Rogelio
Published: April 2022

En esta investigación se presentan los conceptos y técnicas utilizados en un proyecto de big data para una compañía europea de supermercados. Se propuso la segmentación de clientes, utilizando el algoritmo k-medias, y un sistema de recomendación a través de la librería LightFM de Python. Entre las principales conclusiones, se puede indicar la importancia de definir adecuadamente el problema por resolver, el uso correcto de la infraestructura de big data, y la relevancia del análisis exploratorio del conjunto de datos y su preprocesamiento, así como la aplicación de la metodología de proyectos TDSP (Team Data Science Process), orientada a los proyectos de big data.
EXPLOITATION OF INTERNET BY MILLENNIALS ENSUING COVID PANDEMIC
Authors: Bhandari Kalyani
Published: April 2022

21st century has been era of digitalization which is totally assisted by internet networks. Internet has been developing its wings in every possible way in order to make human life simpler, luxurious and entertaining. Withholding many beauties, it has been favoriting all generation people. But young millennials who are born simultaneously with the emerge of internet technology are found to be more fascinated and attracted by this technology and thus are in the 1st rank in internet use. The COVID-19 pandemic has something powerful to change many things. Along with human health and psychology, it had also changed the internet use pattern of the people worldwide. In this review, impact of pandemic on internet use behavior mostly by college studying youths is analyzed. Time spent by surfing internet is hiked unexpectedly due to this pandemic as daily scheduled has of many citizens is altered. It is found that some of the students have taken this as an opportunity to explore and develop knowledge about new technologies. Online class has been normalized in many places and they are not deprived of education. But various disastrous impact is also seen. Third world countries students are having problem in study due to poor internet management. Students are facing problem of Internet Addiction using it all time. Mental stress, anxiety, aggressiveness, etc. can be seen when they are disconnected from internet for certain period of time. Here seems to drag attention of socialists and psychologist towards measures that needs to be adopted to minimize these dreadful impacts of internet use and emphasize more on benefits.
noir et le blanc du Fils d’Agatha Moudio, discours sur l’altérité et la mêmeté
Authors: Tetne Maurice
Published: April 2022

This article examines self-representation in relation to others in Le fils d’Agatha Moudio by Francis Bebey, a novel about the arrival of European during the colonial era in Cameroon.
Pediatric Swallowing and Feeding Assessment and Management
Authors: Ghazi Shamim
Published: April 2022

“Pediatric Swallowing and Feeding Assessment and Management” by J Arvedson, L Brodsky, and M Lefton-Greif (San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing: 2020) is about new interventions for feeding problems and swallowing disorders.  Its contents inform speech and language specialists on the nature of swallowing, the etiology of relevant diseases, methods to evaluate disorders, and evidence-based therapies in the interventions for feeding problems in infants and children. In addition, the book could be useful for the pediatrician, gastroenterologist, otorhinolaryngology, occupational therapist, psychiatrist, nurses, lactation consultants, and families of children with feeding/swallowing problems. Intervention approaches are illustrated with case reports. In the third edition of this book, which was published in 2020, novel approaches and evaluation methods are discussed. In Chapters three to eight, the most important screening methods and instrumental evaluation (for example FEES, VFSS and ultrasound), as well as clinical evaluation of swallowing are presented. The advantages, disadvantages, implementation of each method is discussed in the ninth to thirteenth chapters, mainly focusing on interventions.
How can health agencies achieve their goals?
Authors: Kent George
Published: April 2022

Reaching ambitious goals such as ending an epidemic in the world or in a specific region requires good strategies. This essay addresses the challenge of navigating toward a goal by exploring how India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) could end severe malnutrition of children. The path toward goals is simple: Do more of what works and less of what doesn’t work, repeatedly, until the goal is reached.
Challenges and Countermeasures in the Teaching of Material Mechanics in Vocational Colleges
Authors: Wang Shang , Ma Jinru , Zhen Xuesong , Yu Jie
Published: April 2022

Material Mechanics is an important subject for science and engineering students in vocational colleges. However, its teaching effect has not been up to par for a long time. In order to improve the teaching quality, this paper discusses four problems existing in the teaching of Material Mechanics and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Rich animations and Mises stress nephograms can be formed using new techniques, such as finite element simulation, making it easier for students to understand abstract concepts. The introduction of engineering-related cases can enhance students’ interest, and students’ hands-on skills and innovation can be improved with open mechanics laboratory. The suggestions are worthy of reference and should be flexibly applied to the teaching of Material Mechanics.
Research on the Dissemination and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dietotherapy Culture
Authors: Wu Chaohong , Li Yajun
Published: April 2022

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) culture has seen an unprecedented rise in popularity across the world in recent years, as China’s international stature has improved, and its cultural soft power has grown. At the same time, people are becoming more aware of all kinds of respiratory and cerebrovascular diseases, along with other health-concerning factors. Therefore, people are gradually casting their eyes on TCM dietotherapy culture, which has been studied by the Chinese people for thousands of years and has made indelible contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases and the Chinese nation’s longevity. However, its principle of action, prevention and control efficacy, as well as standards have been questioned; thus, its development prospects are of concern to the people. On this basis, this study explores the development status, transmission channels, and development prospects of TCM dietotherapy culture.