bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Variants in ABCA4-Related Retinopathies with Structural Re-Assessment of Variants of Uncertain Significance
Authors: Gregory-Evans Kevin , Kolawole Olubayo U. , Molday Robert S. , Gregory-Evans Cheryl Y.
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Conclusive molecular genetic diagnoses in inherited retinal diseases remains a major challenge due to the large number of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) identified in genetic testing. Here, we determined the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of ABCA4 gene variants in a cohort of Canadian inherited retinal dystrophy subjects. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 64 subjects with an inherited retinal dystrophy diagnosis with variants in the ABCA4 gene. Pathogenicity of variants was assessed by comparison to genetic databases and in silico modelling. ABCA4 variants classified as VUS were further evaluated using a cryo-electron structural model of the ABCA4 protein to predict impact on protein function and were also assessed for evolutionary conservation. Results: Conclusive disease-causing biallelic ABCA4 variants were detected in 52 subjects with either Stargardt’s disease, cone-rod dystrophy, macular dystrophy, or pattern dystrophy. A further 14 variants were novel comprising 1 nonsense, 1 frameshift, 3 splicing, and 9 missense variants. Based on in silico modelling, protein modelling and evolutionary conservation from human to zebrafish, we re-classified 5 of these as pathogenic and a further 3 as likely pathogenic. We also added to the ABCA4 phenotypic spectrum seen with four known pathogenic variants (c.2161-2A>G; Leu296Cysfs*4; Arg1640Gln; and Pro1380Leu). Conclusions: This study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of ABCA4 disease-associated variants. By panel-based genetic testing, we identified 14 novel ABCA4 variants of which 8 were determined to be disease-causing or likely disease-causing. These methodologies could circumvent somewhat the need for labour intensive in vitro and in vivo assessments of novel ABCA4 variants.
Statistical Analysis Plan for the Chinese Herbal Medicine in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial
Authors: Li Qiang , Anderson Craig S. , Al-Shahi Salman Rustam , Hankey Graeme J. , Billot Laurent , Zhao Yang , Tang Guanghai , Guo Jianwen , Song Lili ,   on behalf of the CHAIN Investigators
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The traditional Chinese medicine herbal compound FYTF-919 (Zhong Feng Xing Nao prescription) may improve outcome from acute intracerebral hemorrhage by reducing brain edema, hematoma absorption, and enhancement of the immune system. We outline the statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the Chinese Herbal medicine in Acute INtracerebral hemorrhage (CHAIN) study. CHAIN is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial being undertaken at 20–30 hospitals in China. After the completion of eligibility checks, patients are randomly allocated to FYTF-919 (100 mL per day, oral) or matching placebo over 28 days. A sample size of 1,504 patients is estimated to provide 90% power (α 0.05) for a 0.06 absolute improvement in the primary outcome of utility-weighted modified Rankin scale scores at 90 days, analyzed by general linear regression. Methods: The SAP was developed by the study statistician, principal investigators, international experts, and the study project manager. The plan provides details for analyzing baseline characteristics, patient management, and outcomes. It includes provisions for covariate adjustments, subgroup analysis, the handling missing data, and in the conduct of sensitivity analyses. Discussion: A predefined SAP was established for CHAIN, facilitating transparent and verifiable analysis. The CHAIN SAP was prospectively developed with a focus on maintaining high-quality standards of internal validity to minimize potential analysis biases.
Effects and Thresholds of Young to Midlife Vascular Risks on Brain Health
Authors: Maas Matthew B. , Mahinrad Simin , Sedaghat Sanaz , Yaffe Kristine , Launer Lenore J. , Bryan R. Nick , Sidney Stephen , Gorelick Philip B. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Sorond Farzaneh A.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vascular risk factors, particularly hypertension, are important contributors to accelerated brain aging. We sought to quantify vascular risk factor risks over adulthood and assess the empirical evidence for risk thresholds.

METHODS:

We used SBP (systolic blood pressure) and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and body mass index measurements collected from participants in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) at 2- to 5-year intervals through year 30. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and domain-specific cognitive tests were performed at year 30. White matter hyperintensity volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. We used a 2-step method to fit longitudinal vascular risk factor exposures to optimized spline functions with mixed-effects models, then used the participant-specific random effects that characterized individual exposures over time in cross-sectional models adjusted for sex, race, age, and education to study effects on midlife brain health.

RESULTS:

Change in SBP up to 33 years of age was negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (−0.29 Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Z
score per mm Hg/y change [95% CI, −0.49 to −0.09];
P
=0.005), with similar effects for SBP changes from 33 to 49 years of age (−0.08 [95% CI, −0.16 to 0.01];
P
=0.08). We observed comparable, significant associations between SBP exposure during those ages, midlife performance on specific cognitive domains, and volume of white matter hyperintensity (all
P
<0.05). SBP ≤111 mm Hg was the estimated threshold below which no harmful association with midlife cognitive performance was identified.

CONCLUSIONS:

SBP in early adulthood is the vascular risk factor most strongly associated with midlife cognitive performance and white matter hyperintensity burden, with SBP 111 mm Hg suggested as a harm threshold.
Coronary and Systemic Vasodilator Responsiveness of Patients Receiving Conventional Intermittent or Nocturnal Hemodialysis
Authors: Overgaard Christopher B. , Chan William , Chowdhary Saqib , Zur Rebecca L. , Wainstein Rodrigo , Džavík Vladimír , Chan Christopher T. , Floras John S.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Nocturnal hemodialysis (nHD) restores the attenuated brachial artery vasodilator responsiveness of patients receiving conventional intermittent hemodialysis (iHD). Its impact on coronary vasodilatation is unknown.

METHODS:

We evaluated 25 patients on hemodialysis who fulfilled transplant criteria: 15 on iHD (4-hour sessions, 3 d/wk) and 10 on nHD (≈40 h/wk over 8–10-hour sessions) plus 6 control participants. Following diagnostic angiography, left anterior descending (LAD) coronary flow reserve and mean luminal diameter were quantified at baseline and during sequential intracoronary administration of adenosine (infusion and bolus), nitroglycerin (bolus), acetylcholine (infusion), acetylcholine coinfused with vitamin C, and, finally, sublingual nitroglycerin.

RESULTS:

Coronary flow reserve in those receiving nHD was augmented relative to iHD (3.28±0.26 versus 2.17±0.12 [mean±SEM];
P
<0.03) but attenuated, relative to controls (4.80±0.63;
P
=0.011). Luminal dilatations induced by intracoronary adenosine and nitroglycerin were similar in nHD and controls but blunted in the iHD cohort (
P
<0.05 versus both). ACh elicited vasodilatation in controls but constriction in both dialysis groups (both
P
<0.05, versus control); vitamin C coinfusion had no effect. Sublingual nitroglycerin increased mid-left anterior descending diameter and reduced mean arterial pressure in controls (+15.2±2.68%; −16.00±1.60%) and in nHD recipients (+14.78±5.46%; −15.82±1.32%); iHD responses were markedly attenuated (+1.9±0.86%; −5.89±1.41%;
P
<0.05, all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONS:

Coronary and systemic vasodilator responsiveness to both adenosine and nitroglycerin is augmented in patients receiving nHD relative to those receiving iHD, whereas vasoconstrictor responsiveness to acetylcholine does not differ. By improving coronary conduit and microvascular function, nHD may reduce the cardiovascular risk of patients on dialysis.
Novel Role of 5-Methyl-(6S)-Tetrahydrofolate in Mediating Endothelial Cell Tetrahydrobiopterin in Pregnancy and Implications for Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Dickinson Yasmin , Boehni Ruth , Obeid Rima , Knapp Jean-Pierre , Moser Rudolf , Lewandowski Adam J. , Douglas Gillian , Leeson Paul , Channon Keith M. , Chuaiphichai Surawee
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Folate intake during pregnancy is essential for fetal development and maternal health. However, the specific effects of folic acid (FA) and 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) on the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain unclear. We investigated whether FA and 5-MTHF have different effects on endothelial cell tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) metabolism in pregnancy and the possible consequences for endothelial NO generation, maternal blood pressure, and fetal growth.

METHODS:

We analyzed the maternal blood pressure in pregnant wild-type (

Gch1
fl/fl

) and

Gch1
fl/fl

Tie2cre mice treated with either FA or 5-MTHF starting before pregnancy, mid-pregnancy or late pregnancy. BH4, superoxide, and NO bioavailability were determined in mouse and human models of endothelial cell BH4 deficiency by high-performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTS:

In vitro studies in mouse and human endothelial cells showed that treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, elevated BH4 levels, reduced superoxide production, and increased NO synthase activity. In primary endothelial cells isolated from women with hypertensive pregnancies, exposure to 5-MTHF, but not FA, restored the reduction in BH4 levels and NO synthase activity. In vivo studies in mice revealed that oral treatment with 5-MTHF, but not FA, prevented and treated hypertension in pregnancy when administered either before or during pregnancy, respectively, and normalized placental and fetal growth restriction if administered from mid-gestation onward.

CONCLUSIONS:

Collectively, these studies identify a critical role for 5-MTHF in endothelial cell function in pregnancy, related to endothelial cell BH4 availability and NO synthase activity. Thus, 5-MTHF represents a novel therapeutic agent that may potentially improve endothelial function in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy by targeting endothelial cell BH4.
Impact of Systolic Blood Viscosity on Deep White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Park Soo‐Hyun , Kim Yeo Jin , Bae Jong Seok , Lee Ju‐Hun , Lee Sang‐Hwa , Kim Chulho , Lee Kijeong , Kim Yerim
Published: July 2024

Background

Elevated blood viscosity (BV), a critical determinant in blood rheology, is a contributing factor in cerebrovascular diseases. The specific influence of BV on small vessel disease burden remains unexplored. This study aims to examine the relationship between BV and regional white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods and Results

We enrolled a cohort of 302 patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were admitted to a hospital within 7 days of symptom onset in this study. We measured whole BV using a scanning capillary‐tube viscometer and categorized systolic blood viscosity into 3 groups based on established references. We quantified and normalized WMH volumes using automated localization and segmentation software by NEUROPHET Inc. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the correlation between systolic BV and WMH. The mean subject age was 66.7±13.4 years, and 38.7% (n=117) of the participants were female. Among a total of 302 patients, patients with higher deep WMH volume (T3) were typically older and had an atrial fibrillation, strokes of cardioembolic or undetermined cause, elevated levels of C‐reactive protein, diastolic blood viscosity and systolic BV. A multivariable adjustment revealed a significant association between high systolic BV and increased deep‐WMH volume (odds ratio [OR], 2.636 [95% CI, 1.225–5.673]).

Conclusions

Elevated systolic BV is more likely to be associated with deep WMH volume in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. These findings reveal novel therapeutic strategies focusing on blood rheology to enhance cerebral microcirculation in stroke management.
Cell–Cell Interactions: How Coupled Boolean Networks Tend to Criticality
Authors: Braccini Michele , Baldini Paolo , Roli Andrea
Published: July 2024

Biological cells are usually operating in conditions characterized by intercellular signaling and interaction, which are supposed to strongly influence individual cell dynamics. In this work, we study the dynamics of interacting random Boolean networks, focusing on attractor properties and response to perturbations. We observe that the properties of isolated critical Boolean networks are substantially maintained also in interaction settings, while interactions bias the dynamics of chaotic and ordered networks toward that of critical cells. The increase in attractors observed in multicellular scenarios, compared to single cells, allows us to hypothesize that biological processes, such as ontogeny and cell differentiation, leverage interactions to modulate individual and collective cell responses.
Jasmineira filatovae Levenstein, 1961, the deepest known sabellid is a Potamethus Chamberlin, 1919: redescription, new combination and generic emendation
Authors: TOVAR-HERNANDEZ MARIA ANA , JIRKOV IGOR A.
Published: July 2024

Jasmineira filatovae Levenstein, 1961 was described from the Bering Sea from sediments at 3812–3940 m. Later, it was reported from 6328–9735 m in the Aleutian and Japan Trenches, thus becoming the deepest sabellid ever recorded. In the present study, syntypes of J. filatovae were examined. The syntypes possess anterior and posterior peristomial rings distinctly elongated, ventral sacs, parallel lamellae, companion chaetae and avicular thoracic uncini with long handles, and lack bayonet chaetae and inter-radiolar membrane. This combination of features does not match the diagnosis of Jasmineira Langerhans, 1880, but does match that of Potamethus Chamberlin, 1919. Consequently, the new combination of Potamethus filatovae (Levenstein, 1961) is presented with a complete redescription; further, a lectotype is proposed and other specimens are regarded as paralectotypes. Specimens of P. malmgreni (Hansen, 1887) were examined form the Norwegian Sea and the Arctic Ocean for comparative purposes. The diagnosis of the genus Potamethus is emended based on the variability found in some species: 1) the inter-radiolar membrane may be present, 2) peristomial moldures present in some species, 2) thoracic uncini with long handles, and 3) a hump on the angle between external margin of neck and handle of thoracic and abdominal uncini may be present.
Reticulodermis lithogalla gen. nov. and sp. nov. of oak gall wasp from Mexico (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae)
Authors: GARCÍA-MARTIÑÓN ROSA D. , EQUIHUA-MARTÍNEZ AMANDO , VENEGAS EDITH G. ESTRADA- , MELIKA GEORGE , ROMERO-RANGEL SILVIA , CUESTA-PORTA VÍCTOR , PUJADE-VILLAR JULI
Published: July 2024

A new genus of oak gall wasp, Reticulodermis Pujade-Villar, Cuesta-Porta & Melika gen. nov. and a new species R. lithogalla García-Martiñón & Pujade-Villar sp. nov. are described from Mexico. Reticulodermis is known only from the asexual generation that induces galls on leaves of Quercus crassipes Humb. & Bonpl. (section Lobatae). We provide the diagnosis, distribution and biological data on the new species. An identification key to the genera of oak gall wasps inducing galls on the section Lobatae is given.
Peering into Cloud Physics Using Ultra-Fine-Resolution Radar and Lidar Systems
Authors: Zhu Zeen , Yang Fan , Kollias Pavlos , Lamer Katia , Luke Edward , Mead James B. , Sua Yong Meng , Vogelmann Andrew M. , McComiskey Allison
Published: July 2024

Cloud microphysical processes, such as droplet activation, condensational growth, and collisional growth, play a central role in the evolution of clouds and precipitation. Accurate representations of these processes in numerical models are challenging partially due to incomplete understanding of them at the process level arising from limited systematic observations. Most surface-based active remote sensors, including today’s operational cloud radars and lidars, have a resolution on the order of tens of meters. This resolution is insufficient to resolve cloud microphysical processes that manifest at finer (meter and submeter) scales. A new set of ultra-high-resolution ground-based radar and lidar systems have been developed to address this observational gap. The newly developed 94-GHz cloud radar has a range resolution down to 2.8 m, or a factor of 10 finer than typical radars, using a large bandwidth and quadratic phase coding techniques. The lidar has a range resolution down to 10 cm, or a factor of 100 finer than typical lidars, using a time-gated time-correlated single-photon-counting technique. Such high-resolution observations were previously only achievable through in situ aircraft measurements. Even then, aircraft measurements do not permit continuous long-term cloud observation as is possible with ground-based remote sensing instruments. In this study, the first-light cloud observations from the new radar and lidar systems are shown to reveal detailed cloud structures that conventional sensors could only perceive in a bulk sense, thus providing new avenues to investigate cloud microphysical processes and their impact on weather and climate.
Quasi-Linear Convective Systems and Derechos across Europe: Climatology, Accompanying Hazards, and Societal Impacts
Authors: Surowiecki Artur , Pilguj Natalia , Taszarek Mateusz , Piasecki Krzysztof , Púčik Tomáš , Brooks Harold E.
Published: July 2024

In this work, we use 8 years (2014–21) of Operational Programme for the Exchange of Weather Radar Information (OPERA) radar data, ESWD severe weather reports, and arrival time difference (ATD) lightning detection network (ATDnet) data to create a climatology of quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs) across Europe. In the first step, 15-min radar scans were used to identify 1475 QLCS polygons. Severe weather reports, lightning data, and morphological properties were used to classify QLCSs according to their intensity into 1151 marginal (78.0%), 272 moderate (18.5%), and 52 derecho (3.5%) events. The manual evaluation led to the recognition of QLCS morphological and precipitation archetypes, areal extent, duration, speed, forward motion, width, length, accompanying hazards, injuries, and fatalities. Results indicate that QLCSs are the most frequent during summer in central Europe, while in southern Europe, their occurrence is extended to late autumn. A bow echo feature occurred in around 29% of QLCS cases, while a mesoscale convective vortex occurred in almost 9%. Among precipitation modes, trailing and embedded stratiform types accounted for around 50% of QLCSs. The most frequent hazard accompanying QLCSs was lightning (taking up on average 94.4% of the area impacted by QLCS), followed by severe wind gusts (7.9%), excessive precipitation (6.1%), large hail (2.9%), and tornadoes (0.5%). Derechos had the largest coverage of severe wind reports (49.8%), while back-building QLCSs were the most prone to excessive precipitation events (13.5%). QLCSs caused 104 fatalities and 886 injuries. Severe wind gusts were responsible for 87.6% of fatalities and 73.6% of injuries. Nearly half of all fatalities and injuries were associated with only the 10 most impactful QLCS events, mostly warm-season derechos.
Southern Hemisphere Winter Storm Tracks Respond Differently to Low and High CO2 Forcings
Authors: Mitevski Ivan , Chemke Rei , Orbe Clara , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: July 2024

In the Southern Hemisphere, Earth system models project an intensification of winter storm tracks by the end of the twenty-first century. Previous studies using idealized models showed that storm track intensity saturates with increasing temperatures, suggesting that the intensification of the winter storm tracks might not continue further with increasing greenhouse gases. Here, we examine the response of midlatitude winter storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere to increasing CO2 from two to eight times preindustrial concentrations in more realistic Earth system models. We find that at high CO2 levels (beyond 4×CO2), winter storm tracks no longer exhibit an intensification across the extratropics. Instead, they shift poleward, weakening the storm tracks at lower midlatitudes and strengthening at higher midlatitudes. By analyzing the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget, the nonlinear storm-track response to an increase in CO2 levels in the lower midlatitudes is found to stem from a scale-dependent conversion of eddy available potential energy to EKE. Specifically, in the lower midlatitudes, this energy conversion acts to oppositely change the EKE of long and short scales at low CO2 levels, but at high CO2 levels, it mostly reduces the EKE of shorter scales, resulting in a poleward shift of the storms. Furthermore, we identify a “tug of war” between the upper and lower temperature changes as the primary driver of the nonlinear-scale-dependent EKE response in the lower midlatitudes. Our results suggest that in the highest emission scenarios beyond the twenty-first century, the storm tracks’ response may differ in magnitude and latitudinal distribution from projected changes by 2100.

Significance Statement

The Southern Hemisphere winter storm track is projected to intensify by the end of the century, with the most significant intensification occurring in the higher midlatitudes. However, we show that the intensification is not a linear function of the radiative forcing associated with increasing CO2 levels. In fact, our study shows a poleward shift at very high CO2 levels, with the storm track moving southward. This suggests that the Southern Hemisphere winter storm track may require time-sensitive adaptation strategies, as the impacts of global warming on the storm track may not be a linear function of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
Multidecadal Variability from Ocean to Atmosphere in the North Atlantic: Perturbation Potential Energy as the Bridge
Authors: Zhao Hongyuan , Li Jianping , Liu Yuan , Delarme Emerson , Wang Ning
Published: July 2024

The North Atlantic Ocean forcings are considered an important origin of the North Atlantic atmospheric multidecadal variability. Here, we reveal the energetics mechanisms of the phenomenon using the perturbation potential energy (PPE) theory. Supporting the previous model studies, a cyclic pattern involving the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) is observed: positive AMO phase (AMO+) → NAT− → AMO− → NAT+, with a phase lag of approximately 15–20 years. An atmospheric mode characterized by basinscale sea level pressure anomaly in the North Atlantic is associated with the AMO, which is termed the North Atlantic uniformity (NAU). The AMO+ induces positive uniform PPE anomalies over the ocean through precipitation heating, leading to decreased energy conversion to perturbation kinetic energy (PKE) and a large-scale anomalous cyclone. For the NAT+, tripolar precipitation anomalies result in tripolar PPE anomalies. Anomalous energy conversions occur where the PPE anomaly gradient is large, explained by an energy balance derived from thermal wind relationship. The PKE around 15° and 50°N (25° and 75°N) increases (decreases), forming the anomalous anticyclone and cyclone at subtropical and subpolar regions, respectively, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The reverse holds for the NAT− and AMO−. As the phases of the ocean modes alternate, the energetics induce the NAU−, NAO−, NAU+, and NAO+ sequentially. In the multidecadal cycle, the accumulated energetics process is related to delayed effect, and the difference in variance explanation between the NAU and NAO is attributed to the feedback mechanisms.

Significance Statement

The North Atlantic Ocean’s multidecadal changes affect the atmosphere above it. Our study explores the energy processes behind this phenomenon. The North Atlantic Ocean’s temperature distribution goes through a shift every 15–20 years, persistently affecting the air’s potential energy through the heat release related to vapor condensation. The changed potential energy converts into kinetic energy, causing the atmospheric circulation to alternate between different states. Our study provides a comprehensive explanation of how the ocean affects the region’s climate. This insight may contribute to making more accurate models and predictions of climate changes in the North Atlantic.
An Implementation of the Particle Flow Filter in an Atmospheric Model
Authors: Hu Chih-Chi , van Leeuwen Peter Jan , Anderson Jeffrey L.
Published: July 2024

The particle flow filter (PFF) shows promise for fully nonlinear data assimilation (DA) in high-dimensional systems. However, its application in atmospheric models has been relatively unexplored. In this study, we develop a new algorithm, PFF-DART, in order to conduct DA for high-dimensional atmospheric models. PFF-DART combines the PFF and the two-step ensemble filtering algorithm in the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART), exploiting the highly parallel structure of DART. To evaluate the performance of PFF-DART, we conduct an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) in a simplified atmospheric general circulation model and compare the performance of PFF-DART with an existing linear and Gaussian DA method. Using the PFF-DART algorithm, we demonstrate, for the first time, the capability of the PFF to yield stable results in a yearlong cycling DA OSSE. Moreover, PFF-DART retains the important ability of the PFF to improve the assimilation of nonlinear and non-Gaussian observations. Finally, we emphasize that PFF-DART is a versatile algorithm that can be integrated with numerous other non-Gaussian DA techniques. This quality makes it a promising method for further investigation within a more sophisticated numerical weather prediction model in the future.

Significance Statement

Data assimilation is an important tool in weather forecasting. However, fundamental issues arising from linear and Gaussian approximations still exist, which can limit our utilization of observations. The particle flow filter is a promising method that avoids these approximations, but efficient algorithms for this method have yet to be developed. In this study, we develop an algorithm for the particle flow filter that can be implemented in high-dimensional geophysical models. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that the particle flow filter runs efficiently for a yearlong experiment in an atmospheric model. The new algorithm also improves the results over a commonly used data assimilation method. The results in this work demonstrate the potential usage of the particle flow filter in the weather forecasting and other high-dimensional forecasting problems.
Patriarchal “Love School”: Entrepreneurial Heroic Masculinity and Neoliberalism in A Pentecostal Church in London
Authors: Müller Tobias
Published: July 2024

Many Pentecostal churches founded in the Global South are now rapidly growing in European cities. Although research is catching up with this development, we know little about how these processes affect gendered and racialized practices regarding sexualities, bodies, and masculinities in former colonial metropolises shaped by neoliberal capitalism. This article addresses this gap by interrogating the transnational movement of Pentecostal masculinities and their economic, sexual, and political dimensions in a church in North London. The contribution argues that the church promotes what I call entrepreneurial heroic masculinity, which consists of three main elements: a gendered conversion narrative, a pastoral masculinity of dominating behavior, and the cultivation of anti-affective, rational love. In this way, traditionalist masculinist tropes are mapped onto a world allegedly full of opportunities for material blessings where becoming a man of God means becoming a faithful self-entrepreneur, which requires strict autonomy from emotions, family, and the government. The article contributes to the critical debate on masculinity and transnational religious movements by demonstrating how the demands and promises of neoliberal capitalism are deeply entangled with the reconstitution of heroic patriarchal subjectivity.
How Does Internationalization Help Reputation? The Role of the Learning Gap
Authors: Salvoldi Rany , Brock David M.
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the intangible effects of internationalization on reputation, and proposes a mechanism by which internationalization can lead to improved reputation. Grounded in institutional and signaling theories, we begin by proposing that internationalization signals learning advantages deriving from experience in host environments and responses to foreign institutional pressures. Then, we derive the learning gap construct from two principal dimensions of the diversity of location portfolio, namely home—host cognitive distance and power asymmetry; and posit that this learning gap explains the link between internationalization and reputation. Analyses based on the legal service industry demonstrate that while international diversification is important in predicting reputational benefits at home, its effect is mediated through the learning gap deriving from each firm's internationalization, underscoring potential advantages of home—host differences.
Is job evaluation compatible with care work?
Authors: Hallee Yves , Parent-Lamarche Annick , Delattre Miguel
Published: July 2024

Using data from research on the undervaluing of predominantly female occupations, we found that the usual procedures for setting wages, notably job evaluation methods, may undervalue care work, which is predominantly done by women. Such work is difficult to analyze and evaluate because the current labor market is described by a static language of specialization and skills, whereas care workers should be judged more by their experience, which varies with the context and the situation. It is also difficult to appreciate and evaluate the true value of their work, which is sometimes invisible and often unquantifiable. According to Dejours and Gernet, care work relies on less noticeable abilities. A care worker must be able to anticipate another person's needs—an ability too often noticed only when absent—and be able to foresee, interpret, and understand the person's circumstances. The usual job evaluation methods seem confined to more objective and rational criteria.
Tramway closure representations as tools in critical urbanism: London and Glasgow on film, 1953–62
Authors: Finch Jason
Published: July 2024

Film representations of transport networks’ closure events are valuable materials in a critical, comparative urban studies. Here, 1953 and 1962 films commemorating the last nights of the London and Glasgow tramways exemplify such use. The present study examines them as part of work towards an understanding of public transport as a type of contested public space, since publics can have them removed. On the one hand, both films manufacture consent for the removal of on-street electric public transport on rails at a time when internal combustion engine vehicles, both private and public, were becoming more and more widespread in the UK. On the other, the film-makers provide affectionate views of urban transport modes which in the late twentieth century were largely considered obsolete, thus paving the way for heritage discourses of transport and even anticipating sustainability-led positions on the city that would only gain traction decades after these networks closed.
The centrality of railways in the German concentration camp system: Jewish slave labourers’ relocation experiences
Authors: de Leeuw Daan
Published: July 2024

This article scrutinises the role railways played in the existence of the German concentration camp system during the Third Reich era. Through the lens of Jewish slave labourers’ experiences, I argue that the numerous daily transports of prisoners from site to site were the backbone of the SS camp system. Grounded in survivor testimonies and Nazi administrative records, this paper traces the pathways of Dutch Jewish deportees on a single deportation transport to the concentration camps and addresses the impact of the frequent displacements upon the inmates. In general, the Germans decided which detainee was sent where, yet sometimes the victims could interfere in the selection process or evade relocation to another site. The maps in this article visualise the trajectories of several Dutch Jews; they demonstrate that prisoner relocation was a common phenomenon and reveal the vast distance that inmates covered by train.
“Higher up, further” approaching air transport in postcolonial Africa through the biographies of planes
Authors: Huber Marie
Published: July 2024

The 1960s were a pivotal moment for global air transport: the confluence of the technological innovations of the jet age and the formal decolonisation of most African countries resulted in a new connectivity between Africa and the world, as global aerial mobility rapidly intensified. This paper focuses on the multifaceted role of the jet plane in this process. Jets as flag carriers were key objects in terms of national representation on foreign ground for the newly independent nations. They featured prominently as icons of postcolonial African modernity, were diplomatic tools in the Cold War context and were valuable business assets in a competitive global market. The biographies of the first African-owned jets, Air Afrique's DC-8s and Ethiopian Airlines’ Boeing 720Bs, were analysed for this paper. Following these biographies brings to the fore the social life of planes as a new and exciting research avenue for postcolonial aerial infrastructure and geographies.
Posttraumatic Growth and Continued Bonds in Fathers Receiving Bereavement Photography Following Perinatal Loss: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Salvini Sarah , D’Souza Levita , McDowell Chiara , Vivekananda Kitty
Published: July 2024

Research exploring fathers’ experiences of using bereavement photography after perinatal loss is lacking. Using continuing bonds theory, this study aims to investigate fathers’experiences of bereavement photography and predictors of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Mixed methodology was employed with participants ( n = 29). A hierarchical regression showed that there were no significant associations between continuing bonds and PTG, but time since death predicted PTG in bereaved fathers. Further, a t test indicated that there was no significant difference in PTG for mothers and fathers. A thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data from an open-ended survey question ( n = 23) and semi-structured interviews ( n = 3) with fathers. The qualitative analysis of fathers' responses showed themes relating to bonding/connection, capturing memories, recommendations to receive photography help with grieving, validation, memory-making and continuing bonds, and engagement with photos. Fathers valued bereavement photographs as it enabled them to integrate grief over time.
The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals’ Attitudes Toward White Privilege
Authors: Deamer Samantha K. , Sonnentag Tammy L. , Wadian Taylor W.
Published: July 2024

Many White Americans are unaware of or tend to deny the existence of White privilege. One potential explanation for this denial is the belief that America functions as a meritocracy. Prior research suggests that morally reframed messages can change individuals’ beliefs when the reframed messages align with their personal moral values. Contributing to the literature on morally reframed messages, the current pair of studies challenged individuals’ beliefs about meritocracy in order to promote their awareness of White privilege. After demonstrating that morally reframed messages about America as a meritocracy can meaningful reflect five distinct moral foundations (i.e., Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Loyalty/Betrayal, Authority/Respect, Purity/Sanctity), the current studies revealed that individuals who endorsed the moral values of Authority/Respect, Loyalty/Betrayal, and Purity/Sanctity (the binding foundations) reported stronger beliefs in meritocracy and less awareness of White privilege, whereas individuals who endorsed the moral values of Harm/Care and Fairness/Reciprocity (individualizing foundations) reported weaker beliefs in meritocracy and greater awareness of White privilege (Studies 1 and 2). Although the morally reframed messages promoted individuals’ White privilege awareness compared to a control message (Study 2), the effectiveness of the messages was not enhanced when the messages aligned with individuals’ moral values (Studies 1 and 2). The current pair of studies is the first to examine if individuals’ endorsement of the five moral foundations can be used to change their beliefs about White privilege.
Using Artificial Intelligence Chatbots to Support English-as-a-Foreign Language Students’ Self-Regulated Reading
Authors: Pan Mengru , Guo Kai , Lai Chun
Published: July 2024

Self-regulated learning (SRL) has been integrated into English-as-a-Foreign Language (EFL) reading instruction to enhance students’ reading achievement. Evidence indicates that providing personalized support is critical to SRL. However, providing personalized support is time-consuming and challenging to implement in language classrooms. Although personalized support has been built into many online reading systems, the support is often delivered in a one-way manner, with little chance for follow-up discussions. This innovation in practice introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed to provide personalized SRL support for EFL students in reading. The AI chatbot was designed as a reading companion to facilitate active, out-of-class reading that expands in-class instruction. By giving autonomy to students to engage with appropriate reading materials and receive personalized self-regulated reading (SRR) guidance, the innovation empowered learners to overcome challenges in the reading process and facilitated their use of SRR strategies. The pedagogical values of the innovation were explored from students’ perspectives. Future pedagogical directions for AI-supported SRR instruction is also discussed.
Nuclear factor Y, a key player in neuronal gene regulation
Authors: Moreira Pedro , Pocock Roger
Published: July 2024

Establishing a functional nervous system is a complex process requiring tightly controlled gene expression programs to achieve the correct differentiation of distinct neuronal subtypes. The molecular programs required for neurons to acquire neuron-type-specific, and core pan-neuronal features mostly rely on sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs), which recognize and bind to cis-regulatory motifs present in the promoters of target genes. Recently, we investigated the role and mode of action of the NF-Y complex, a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional master regulator, in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system. We found that NFYA-1 is a pervasive regulator of neuron-specific and pan-neuronal gene batteries that are essential for neuronal development and function. Furthermore, we concluded that NFYA-1 acts cell autonomously by either directly binding to conserved motifs in target gene promoter regions or indirectly by regulating other transcriptional regulators to fine-tune gene expression. However, further studies are required to fully define the impact of the NF-Y complex on nervous system regulatory networks and how NF-Y coordinates with other TFs in this regard.
Revisiting Rorschach test and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-II patterns in Kraepelinian vs. DSM-wise Schizophrenia: How They Differ and What It Means for Diagnosis
Authors: Jo Young Tak , Lee Myung Joo , Lee Ji Soo , Joo Yeon Ho
Published: July 2024

Objective

This retrospective chart review study aimed to investigate the differences in the Rorschach test and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-II profiles among patients with Kraepelinian schizophrenia, those with DSM-wise schizophrenia, and controls. Kraepelinian schizophrenia is characterised by a chronic, deteriorative disease course and a predominance of negative symptoms.

Methods

Patients with Kraepelinian schizophrenia were selected based on medical record reviews. We then compared their Rorschach test and MMPI-II results with those of the DSM-wise schizophrenia group and the control group.

Results

The Rorschach test revealed a significant increase in DV2 score and a decrease in D score in patients with Kraepelinian schizophrenia compared to those with DSM-wise schizophrenia. In the MMPI-II profiles, patients with Kraepelinian schizophrenia exhibited an elevated L relative to those with DSM-wise schizophrenia.

Conclusion

Our results suggested the value of revisiting psychological tests in clinically delineated subgroups, such as Kraepelinian schizophrenia. Although patients fall under the same diagnostic category of schizophrenia, considering different phenotypes is important when interpreting psychological test outcomes. Additionally, our study indicated that both schizophrenia groups did not show as many abnormalities as expected compared to controls. This highlights the potential value of revisiting established profiles of certain psychological tests and calls for further research on other psychological tests.
Ceramic-added lime and cement mortars: A review of applications in building products
Authors: Yue Wei , Wang Bing
Published: July 2024

Ceramic-added air lime mortars have been used since ancient times owing to the pozzolanic effect provided by crushed ceramic particles that impart hydraulic properties. This work reviews the historical use, composition, reaction mechanisms, characterization techniques, and performance properties of ceramic-added air lime mortars. The fine ceramic powder composed of silica and alumina phases reacts with calcium hydroxide released during lime hydration to form calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH) via pozzolanic reaction. This provides hydraulicity and reduces setting time compared to pure air lime mortars. The coarser ceramic particles also serve as aggregate and refine the microstructure as filler. The reactivity depends on the ceramic composition, amorphous phase content, particle size distribution, and firing temperature. Optimal proportioning of the fine ceramic powder and coarse ceramic aggregate is necessary to achieve desired properties. Ceramic addition enhances the durability of air lime mortars against weathering while maintaining compatibility with lime-based masonry structures. Key novelties of this review include: (i) in-depth analysis of the influence of ceramic characteristics (mineralogy, particle size, pozzolanicity) and processing on reaction kinetics and phase evolution; (ii) systematic assessment of mechanical, physical and durability properties in comparison to conventional air lime mortars and cement-based grouts; (iii) elucidation of microstructural mechanisms governing performance using advanced characterization techniques; (iv) critical appraisal of test methods and standards for evaluation; and (v) rigorous discussion on potential applications in construction, conservation and repair, with case studies.
Asking is Hard: Appeals Language in Kickstarter Crowdfunding Campaigns
Authors: Carradini Stephen , Nystrom Eric C.
Published: July 2024

Asking for money is one of the core communicative functions of a crowdfunding campaign. This article uses a novel corpus analysis scoring technique to investigate appeals language in a corpus of 312,529 Kickstarter campaigns. Our results show distinctive use patterns involving the verbs need, raise, please, make, and hope. Conceptual patterns, such as inviting the reader to participate in the creation of a product, underlie specific formulations of successful and unsuccessful word patterns and sentences. We conclude with theoretical and practical outcomes to aid technical communicators in more effectively writing crowdfunding campaigns on Kickstarter.
Cytomorphological comparison of alcohol–formalin cell-block technique with conventional cytology in serous effusions in a low-resource setting
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Sharma Manupriya , Kaul Rashmi , Raina Sujeet
Published: July 2024

Our study compared the diagnostic accuracy of the 10% alcohol–formalin cell-block (CB) technique against traditional smears (CS) in serous effusions over 1 year. CB outperformed CS by detecting 7 missed cases and diagnosing 177 benign, 5 suspicious and 26 malignant cases compared to CS's 180 benign, 9 suspicious and 19 malignant cases. Using histopathology as a gold standard, CB showed a sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 98.3% and diagnostic accuracy of 98.1%, significantly higher than CS's 79.3% sensitivity, specificity of 97.7% and 95.2% accuracy. Using a 10% alcohol–formalin method, CB also excelled in cytomorphological characterization, especially in background elements, cellularity and cellular architecture. CB offered improved diagnostic accuracy and allowed extra sections for additional tests. In resource-constrained settings, combining CS and CB enhances cytological assessment.
A case report of de novo histoid leprosy in a Nigerian male: A diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Anaje Chetanna Chioma , Okpala Chibuzo Ifeanyi , Enechukwu Nkechi Anne , Menkiti Felix Emeka , Ezejiofor Ifeoma Florence , Umenzekwe Chukwudi Christian
Published: July 2024

Histoid leprosy is an uncommon variant of lepromatous leprosy. It poses a diagnostic challenge because of its distinctive clinical and histopathological features. It presents as smooth papules and nodules that rarely ulcerate. We present the case of a 22-year-old Nigerian man with a 2-year history of multiple, dome-shaped papules and nodules on the skin with necrotic centres. General examination showed right axillary lymphadenopathy, non-pitting oedema, foot ulcer, and glove and stocking sensation loss. Despite previous misdiagnoses, histopathological examination showed dermal expansion by histiocytes arranged in a storiform pattern. Slit skin smear yielded abundant bacilli. The patient was started on WHO multidrug treatment, resulting in the improvement of his lesions. This case emphasises the importance of increased awareness of this rare presentation of leprosy.
Characteristics of patients admitted to the intensive care unit during the 2019 measles epidemic in Samoa: A retrospective clinical case series
Authors: Vaai-Bartley Cecilia S , Bennett Elizabeth , Arasi Faamuamua , Kaspar Annette
Published: July 2024

Our report describes the characteristics of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the National Hospital of Samoa during the 2019–2020 measles epidemic. The study design was a retrospective review of clinical records; the age range was 2 months to 51 years, with the majority of cases in the 2–23 month age group (71%). Vaccination status was unknown or unrecorded for 17 (24%). Of the 54 (75%) who were not fully vaccinated, 35 (65%) did not survive. Almost all (98%) presented with multiple complications on admission, mostly pneumonia (91%). The mortality rate was 61%, implying a low survival rate particularly among young infants and toddlers, even when optimal care was available and administered.