bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic flood evacuation planning facilitates effective transfer of vulnerable population in coastal megacities
Authors: Yin Jie
Published: May 2023

Emergency responders in coastal cities are always required to provide effective operations to evacuate at-risk populations during the preparedness and response phase of threatening storm floods. However, existing contingency plans primarily focused on the evacuation of general public rather than special arrangement for vulnerable populations who constituted a large proportion of flood fatalities. Here, we present a system-level methodology to elaborate citywide coastal flood evacuation plans for optimal deployment of shelters and effective transfer of groups with special needs. We conduct a comparative analysis between Shanghai and New York City (NYC) which are both among the most exposed coastal megacities to flooding, but represent two distinct institutional systems of emergency operation. The results show dramatic disparities in evacuation patterns for the elderly people of the two cities, and demonstrate the improved performance of risk-informed, strategic evacuation planning in advance of coastal flooding. Our work provides new insights into operational emergency evacuation decisions and informs flood management policy development for major coastal cities globally.
Feasibility and acceptability of a serious game to study the effects of environmental distractors on emergency room nurse triage accuracy: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fiorentino Assunta , Antonini Matteo , Vuilleumier Séverine , Stotzer Guy , Kollbrunner Aurélien , Jaccard Dominique , Simon Josette , Hugli Olivier , Pasquier Jérome , Delmas Philippe
Published: May 2023

Background: Emergency room nurse triage entails complex clinical decision making under stress and time constraints. Workplace distractors, such as noise and task interruptions, have been pointed to as possible reasons for triage inaccuracy, though studies have not borne this out. To train nurses to perform the task, a serious game was developed to simulate the triage process and environment. A pilot study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the serious game and to collect preliminary data on the effects of two distractors—noise and task interruptions—on emergency room nurse triage accuracy.
Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial was designed for the study. A sample of 70 emergency room nurses was randomly assigned to four groups: three experimental groups exposed to different distractors (noise, task interruptions, and both) and one control group exposed to none. The nurses in each group had two hours to complete a series of 20 clinical vignettes where they had to establish a chief complaint and assign an emergency level. Their responses were then compared against a gold standard predetermined by experts.
Results: Among 70, 55 nurses completed about 15 vignettes each in the allotted time. No inter-group differences emerged in terms of triage performance. Only a few minor technical issues arose during the sessions. Nurses had a very favorable appreciation of the serious game on triage as measured through a semantic differential scale.
Conclusions: Results show that both the structure of our study and the serious game on triage can be used to carry out a future RCT on a larger scale. Two minor technical bugs were identified and corrected, the series of vignettes to complete in two hours must be shortened to 15, and the test should be held during work hours to support recruitment and reduce the possible impact of nurse fatigue on triage performance. The absence of a distractor effect raises questions about whether distractors have an effect and at what frequency and intensity of noise and task interruptions might have an impact on triage performance and whether this dose is realistic.
Amino acid deprivation induces TXNIP expression by NRF2 downregulation
Authors: Ahn Se Hee , Jang Se-Kyeong , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Gyeongmi , Park Ki Soo , Jin Hyeon-Ok , Park In-Chul
Published: May 2023

TXNIP is an essential regulator of cellular metabolism, including glucose homeostasis, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol accumulation, and is implicated in metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. However, how TXNIP expression is regulated in response to amino acid (AA) deprivation is not well understood. In the present study, deprivation of AAs, especially arginine, glutamine, lysine, and methionine, induced TXNIP expression in H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Unexpectedly, TXNIP induction by AA deprivation was dependent on NRF2 downregulation, but not ATF4 activation. Furthermore, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), prevented TXNIP expression in H460 cells deprived of AA. Taken together, TXNIP expression by AA deprivation is mediated by ROS production by NRF2 downregulation. Our findings suggest that TXNIP expression might be associated with the redox homeostasis of AA metabolism.
Explaining wall-bounded turbulence through deep learning
Authors: Cremades Andres , Hoyas Sergio , Quintero Pedro , Lellep Martin , Linkmann Moritz , Vinuesa Ricardo
Published: May 2023

Despite its great scientific and technological importance, wall-bounded turbulence is an unresolved problem that requires new perspectives to be tackled. One of the key strategies has been to study interactions among the coherent structures in the flow. Such interactions are explored in this study for the first time using an explainable deep-learning method. The instantaneous
velocity field in a turbulent channel is used to predict the velocity field in time through a convolutional neural network. Based on the predicted flow, we assess the importance of each structure for this prediction using the game-theoretic algorithm of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). This work provides results in agreement with previous observations in the literature and extends them by quantifying the importance of the Reynolds-stress structures, finding a connection between these structures and the dynamics of the flow. The process, based on deep-learning explainability, has the potential to shed light on numerous fundamental phenomena of wall-bounded turbulence, including the objective definition of new types of flow structures.
Final results from a phase 1 trial and expansion cohorts of cabozantinib and nivolumab alone or with ipilimumab for advanced/metastatic genitourinary tumors
Authors: Girardi Daniel , Niglio Scot , Nadal Rosa , Kydd Andre , Simon Nicholas , Ley Lisa , Cordes Lisa , Chandran Elias , Steinberg Seth , Trepel Jane , Lee Sunmin , Lee Min-Jung , Rastogi Shraddha , Sato Nahoko , Cao Liang , Banday A. Rouf , Boudjadi Salah , Merino Maria , Toubaji Antoun , Akbulut Dilara , Redd Bernadette , Bagheri Mohammad , Costello Rene , Gurram Sandeep , Agarwal Piyush , Chalfin Heather , Valera Vladimir , Streicher Howard , Wright John , Sharon Elad , Figg William , Parnes Howard , Gulley James , Saraiya Biren , Pal Sumanta , Quinn David , Stein Mark , Lara Primo , Bottaro Donald , Mortazavi Amir , Apolo Andrea
Published: May 2023

Cabozantinib and nivolumab (CaboNivo) alone or with ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) have shown promising efficacy and safety in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and rare genitourinary (GU) tumors in a dose-escalation phase 1 study. We now report the final data analysis of the safety, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the phase 1 patients and 7 expansion cohorts. CaboNivo cohorts included: 1) mUC, 2) mRCC, 3) adenocarcinoma of the bladder/urachal, and CaboNivoIpi cohorts included: 1) mUC, 2) mRCC, 3) penile cancer, 4) rare GU tumors, and an exploratory biomarker correlation with peripheral blood immune subsets (NCT02496208). Patients (n = 120) received CaboNivo (n = 64) or CaboNivoIpi (n = 56), with median follow-up of 49.2 months. In 108 evaluable patients (CaboNivo n = 59; CaboNivoIpi n = 49), 33 of whom had mUC, ORR was 38% (overall study) and 42% in mUC, complete response 11% and 21%, partial response 27% and 21%, duration of response 20 and 28 months, respectively. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 84% of CaboNivo patients and 80% of CaboNivoIpi patients. In response to treatment, immunosuppressive monocytic MDSCs, classical monocytes, and all dendritic cell subsets decreased; Activated proliferative CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and CTLA-4 on CD4+ T cells increased and were associated with improved PFS and OS. Both CaboNivo and CaboNivoIpi demonstrated clinical activity and safety in many metastatic GU histologies, with distinctive patterns of response among innate and adaptive peripheral blood immune subsets and potential differential adaptive resistance in response between CaboNivo and CaboNivoIpi to prolonged effector T-cell activation.
Microbiota-associated metabolic reprograming influenced clinical outcome in the randomized dendritic cell-based clinical trial in stage III melanoma
Authors: ALVES-COSTA-SILVA Carolina , Bourgin Mélanie , Piccinno Gianmarco , Schreibelt Gerty , Durand Sylvère , Fidelle Marine , Sow Cissé , Birebent Roxanne , Aprahamian Fanny , Manghi Paolo , Asnicar Francesco , Pinto Federica , Armanini Federica , Terrisse Safae , Routy Bertrand , Eggermont Alexander , Kroemer Guido , Segata Nicola , Derosa Lisa , Bol Kalijn , De Vries I. Jolanda M. , Zitvogel Laurence
Published: May 2023

Background: Melanoma is a malignancy where tumor immunosurveillance plays a major prognostic role, prompting the development of immunotherapy strategies, dominated earlier on by dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy and recently, by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome earned its credentials among predictors of survival in melanoma, by influencing the peripheral and tumoral immune tonus.
Methods: In the MIND-DC phase III clinical trial (NCT02993315), 148 stage IIIB/IIIC cutaneous melanoma patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to adjuvant treatment with autologous conventional and plasmacytoid mature natural DC (nDC) versus placebo. Blood and stool samples were collected in 144 patients before and after 2 biweekly nDC injections to perform longitudinal metagenomics (MG) and metabolomics (MB), with the aim of finding predictors of 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS).
Results: Different microbial species were associated with prognosis of these patients with stage III melanoma, with the health-related Faecalibacterium prausnitzii standing out as the main beneficial taxon for no recurrence at 2 years (p=0.009). Therapy coincided with major perturbations of plasma acylcarnitines, as well as carboxylic and fatty acids (FA). Incidentally, despite randomization, patients in the nDC treatment arm exhibited a bias in their MG and MB baseline profiles, with a relative under-representation of F. prausnitzii, and perturbations of biliary salts and FA, compared to the control arm. Stool F. prausnitzii anticorrelated with plasma medium chain acylcarnitines and the combination of both of these MG and MB biomarkers markedly determined RFS.
Conclusions: Altogether, the host-microbial interaction might be influenced by nDC-based immunotherapy in melanoma, a cancer highly dependent on lipid metabolism for its dissemination. We value the systematic MG profiling in randomized trials to avoid bias in baseline host-microbe metabolic and immune parameters.
Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi improves growth and quality of exotic Swietenia macrophylla King seedlings in nursery
Authors: Ajeesh R. , Kamalolbhavan Binu , V Santhoshkumar A , Gopal Surendra
Published: May 2023

Aims
Exotic tree species to get established outside their place of origin have to form new associations with the local AMF species that are sufficient to compensate the gap that the native AM fungal symbionts provide to them in their place of origin. The present study throws some aspects on the efficacy of three native species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on growth and seedling quality of Swietenia macrophylla, an exotic to peninsular India.
Methods
Polybag raised seedlings were inoculated with (Funelliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus proliferus) at different levels (10, 20, and 50 g inoculum per seedling).
Results
Among the AMF species, seedlings treated with Funelliformis mosseae showed improved growth. The physiological parameters of these seedlings were also good. The mycorrhizal efficiency index (MEI) of seedlings inoculated with Funelliformis mosseae was 58.28%. Root colonization (35.33%) and total pore count was also found to be higher for this mycorrhizal symbiosis. The experiment showed that mycorrhizal association also helped to reduce the nursery period of the inoculated seedlings.
Conclusions
It was demonstrated that the native AM fungal community can be efficiently used for improving the growth and nutrient status of AM-inoculated mahogany seedlings. Funneliformis mosseae proved to be one such native species of AMF. It also contributed to the increase in the physiological aspects of the mahogany seedlings. If properly managed, the nursery time of the seedlings can be substantially reduced which can bring down the cost of production to a greater extent.
Skin Disease Detection using Image Processing and Machine Learning
Authors: Prasad P. M.K. , priya Nowbathula Bhagya , Jahnavi Samal , Gayatri Nallamilli , Srav Thota
Published: May 2023

In these modern times, due to air pollution human skin is affected in many ways and these have become the most prevalent diseases worldwide. It may cause diseases like Actinic keratosis, Melanoma, Psoriasis, Eczema Skin disease is the fourth leading cause of non-toxic disease globally, affecting 7.9–60% of individuals in all age groups. The advancement of medical technology has led easier ways in identification of these diseases but the cost of such diagnosis is very expensive and limited. So, Image processing techniques guide to build computerized screening systems at initial stage. In this research work, we have come with a method to identify and classify the diseases. The implementation of the project consists of a dual stage approach to detect skin diseases based on their classification and severity. The second stage involves the training and testing of images using Naive- Bayes classifier to identify the skin disease.
Nomogram for predicting the preoperative lymph nodes metastasis in resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cheng Hao , Xu Jin-Hong , Kang Xiao-Hong , Liu Xiao-Mei , Wang Hai-Feng , Wang Zhi-Xia , Pan Hao-Qi , Zhang Qing-Qin , Xu Xue-Lian
Published: May 2023

Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a critical prognostic factor in resectable pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, determining treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop a clinical model to adequately and accurately predict the risk of LNM in PC patients. Methods 13200 resectable PC patients were enrolled from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, and randomly divided into a training group and an internal validation group at a ratio of 7:3. An independent group (n = 62) obtained from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University was enrolled as the external validation group. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen independent risk factors for LNM. The minimum Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) was performed to select the optimal model parameters and construct a nomogram for assessing the risk of LNM. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). In addition, an online web calculator was designed to assess the risk of LNM. Result A total of six risk predictors (including age at diagnosis, race, primary site, grade, histology, and T-stage) were identified and included in the nomogram. The areas under the curves (AUCs) [95% confidential interval (CI)] were 0.711 (95%CI: 0.700-0.722), 0.700 (95%CI: 0.683–0.717), and 0.845 (95%CI: 0.749–0.942) in the training, internal validation and external validation groups, respectively. The calibration curves showed satisfied consistency between nomogram-predicted LNM and actual observed LNM. The concordance indexes (C-indexes) in the training, internal, and external validation sets were 0.689, 0.686, and 0.752, respectively. The DCA curves of the nomogram demonstrated good clinical utility. Conclusion We constructed a nomogram model for predicting LNM in pancreatic cancer patients, which may help oncologists and surgeons to choose more individualized clinical treatment strategies and make better clinical decisions.
Quantum annealing for neural network optimization problems: A new approach via tensor network simulations
Authors: Lami Guglielmo , Torta Pietro , Santoro Giuseppe E. , Collura Mario
Published: May 2023

Here, we focus on the problem of minimizing complex classical cost functions associated with prototypical discrete neural networks, specifically the paradigmatic Hopfield model and binary perceptron. We show that the adiabatic time evolution of QA can be efficiently represented as a suitable Tensor Network. This representation allows for simple classical simulations, well-beyond small sizes amenable to exact diagonalization techniques. We show that the optimized state, expressed as a Matrix Product State (MPS), can be recast into a Quantum Circuit, whose depth scales only linearly with the system size and quadratically with the MPS bond dimension. This may represent a valuable starting point allowing for further circuit optimization on near-term quantum devices.
‘Chandler’ Ceviz (Juglans regia L.) Çeşidinin Fenolojik ve Pomolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Farklı Çöğür Anaçlarının Etkisi
Authors: KOŞAR Mevlüt Batuhan , AHI KOŞAR Dilan , SÖNMEZ Eküle , ERTÜRK Umran
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma çöğür anacı olarak kullanılan Kaman-1 ve Serr çeşitleri ile Keles genotipi üzerine aşılı ‘Chandler’ çeşidinin fenolojik, verim ve pomolojik özellikler yönünden incelenmesi amacıyla 2019-2021 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Ağaçlarda fenolojik özellik olarak tomurcuk kabarması, tomurcuk patlaması, yapraklanma, erkek ve dişi çiçeklerde reseptiflik tarihleri kaydedilmiştir. . Meyvelerde pomolojik özellik olarak ise meyve ağırlığı, meyve büyüklüğü, randıman ve çürük-büzük oranı değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada Keles üzerine aşılı ağaçlarda yapraklanma, erkek ve dişi çiçek oluşumu diğer anaçlara aşılı ağaçlara göre daha geç gerçekleşmiştir. Chandler çeşidinde anaçların etkisi önemli bulunmuş ve Kaman-1 ile Serr anacına aşılı ağaçlardan daha yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir. Anaçların meyve kalite özelliklerinden iç ağırlığı, randıman oranı, kabuk kalınlığı ve çürük meyve oranı üzerine etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle sert kabuklu meyvelerde ekonomik yönden önemli parametreler olarak kabul edilen yüksek randıman oranı ve düşük çürük meyve oranı yönünden Serr ve Keles anaçlarının daha iyi sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde verim ve meyve kalite parametreleri yönünden Serr anacının performansının araştırmada kullanılan diğer anaçlara göre daha iyi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Erzincan İlindeki Tüketicilerin Tulum Peyniri Tüketim Tercihlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KUMBASAROĞLU Hediye
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı Erzincan’da ikamet eden tüketicilerin coğrafi işaret ile etiketlenmiş olan Erzincan tulum peyniri tüketim tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Araştırmada Erzincan ilinde ikamet eden 271 tüketiciyle yüz-yüze görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Toplanan datalar tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve frekans tablolarının oluşturulmasında kullanılmıştır. Tulum peyniri tüketimini etkileyen faktörler, çok değişkenli lineer regresyon analizi ile tespit edilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olan tulum peyniri tüketim miktarını, köyde yaşayan tanıdıkların olması, ailenin ortalama geliri, ailenin ortalama aylık harcaması, beyaz peynir tüketim sıklığı, kaşar peynir tüketim sıklığı, beyaz peynir tüketim miktarı, kaşar peynir tüketim miktarı, tulum peynirinin fiyatı, tulum peynirinin salamura olması, tulum peynirinin coğrafi işaretli ürün olması ve tulum peyniri satış noktası gibi parametrelerin etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır. Oluşturulan modelin, tulum peyniri tüketimindeki değişkenlerin açıklanma oranı %77.50 seviyesinde olup varyans analizi (ANOVA) çözümüne göre anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçta tulum peyniri için ürün hakkında bilgilendirici çalışmaların yapılması ve sağlık açısından faydalarının anlatılması ile tüketim miktarının artışına katkı sağlayacağı önerilmektedir
WITHDRAWN: Calcium Dobesilate Attenuates Renal Ischemiareperfusion Injury in a Mouse Model
Authors: Yang Le-Le , Cao Xiao-Jing
Published: May 2023

Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfill the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been
withdrawn the journal Current Molecular Medicine.

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The Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention: A Review with Emphasis
on Baicalein, Fisetin, and Biochanin A
Authors: Rais Juhi , Khan Habiba , Arshad Mohd.
Published: May 2023

Cancer is a disease in which repeated rounds of mutations cause uncontrolled growth of cells, which prospers at the expense of their neighbor cells and then eventually leads to the destruc-tion of the whole cellular community. Chemopreventive drugs either prevent DNA damage, which results in malignancy, or they stop or reverse the division of premalignant cells with DNA damage, which inhibits the growth of cancer. There is an obvious need for an alternate strategy given the on-going rise in cancer incidence, the ineffectiveness of traditional chemotherapies to control cancer, and the excessive toxicity of chemotherapies. From antiquity to date, the saga of the usage of plants as medicine has been the mainstay among people worldwide. In recent years, extensive studies have been conducted on medicinal plants, spices, and nutraceuticals, as these have gained much populari-ty in reducing the risk of several cancer types in humans. Extensive studies on cell culture systems and animal models have demonstrated that various medicinal plants and nutraceuticals from various natural resources and their products, such as major polyphenolic constituents, flavones, flavonoids, antioxidants, etc, provide considerable protection against many cancer types. As shown in the litera-tures, the major aim of studies conducted is to develop preventive/therapeutic agents which can in-duce apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. Projects are going on worldwide to find better ways to eradicate the disease. The study of phytomedicines has shed new light on this topic as research to date has proven that they have antiproliferative and apoptotic capabilities that will aid in the development of novel cancer prevention options. Dietary substances, such as Bai-calein, Fisetin, and Biochanin A have shown that they have an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, suggesting that they may work as chemopreventive agents. This review discusses the chemopreven-tive and anticancer mechanisms of such reported natural compounds.
New Strategies in the Chemical Control of Fusarium oxysporum Using
Synthetic Bioisosteres of Secondary Metabolites: A Review of the Synthetic
Methods for Novel Compounds with Potential Antifungal Activity
Authors: Borrego-Muñoz Paola , Coy-Barrera Ericsson , Quiroga Diego
Published: May 2023

One of the main problems affecting the world is food scarcity which is occasioned by different
causes, including difficult climatic conditions, economic and technical limitations, infrastructure
and transportation, food safety and insecurity, and diseases caused by microorganisms (phytopathogens)
such as Fusarium oxysporum whose damage triggers a series of irreversible effects on
several crops, causing economic losses worldwide. Given the complexity that the chemical control of
phytopathogens represents, various investigations have been refocused on exploring new biomimetic
actions that lead to synthesizing new compounds with potential antifungal activity. In addition, computational
chemistry and chemoinformatics tools (molecular docking and molecular dynamics) make
it possible to understand and often predict these compounds' mechanisms of action, thereby formulating
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models. These strategies have established an
important advance in designing new molecules capable of inhibiting pathogens from a rational development
of antifungal compounds. This article reviewed the novel synthetic bioisosteres of secondary
metabolites biologically active against Fusarium oxysporum, their synthetic protocols, and the strategies
implemented for its control. The most innovative examples of this class of active organic compounds
are presented, such as N,S-dialkyl dithiocarbamates, Schiff bases, N-alkyl substituted amides,
and several heterocyclic systems with potential antifungal activity. Likewise, the use of computational
tools is discussed, showing how these results can conduce to the design of new antifungal agents.
Antidiabetic Effects of Genistein: Mechanism of Action
Authors: Abbasi Ebrahim , Khodadadi Iraj
Published: May 2023

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease recognized by abnormal glucose level due to defects
in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both. Administration of soybean and isoflavones are accompanied
by a lower risk of diabetes. The present review analyzed the previous published papers related to genistein.
This isoflavone, which has been used for the prevention of some chronic diseases can inhibit hepatic
glucose production, increase β-cell proliferation, reduce β-cell apoptosis, and show potential antioxidant
and anti-diabetic effects. Therefore, genistein may be useful in the management of diabetes. The beneficial
effects of this isoflavone on metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer
have been reported in animal and human studies. Moreover, genistein reduces hepatic glucose production,
normalizes hyperglycemia, and gut microbiota and exhibits potential anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic,
and hypolipidemic effects. However, studies on the underlying mechanisms of the action of genistein are
very limited. Therefore, the present study reviews multifaceted aspects of genistein to reveal a possible
anti-diabetic mechanism of this agent. Genistein by regulating several signaling pathways can be used for
the prevention and management of diabetes.
Pumpkin Seeds (Cucurbita spp.) as a Nutraceutical Used In Various Lifestyle
Disorders
Authors: Wal Ankita , Singh Manju Rawat , Gupta Arpit , Rathore Shruti , Rout Rupali Rupasmita , Wal Pranay
Published: May 2023

Background:

The pumpkin, a very well-edible plant that is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, has long been utilised as a functional food and an herbal remedy. Pumpkins include a wealth of phytoestrogens, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E in their seeds that may have medicinal, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. In recent years, knowledge of the nutritional benefits and medicinal uses of pumpkin seeds has grown significantly. An abundant source of nutrients and a well-known multipurpose food, pumpkin has recently given scientists fresh insights. Primary and secondary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, poly saturated fatty acids, carotenoids, tocopherols, tryptophan, delta-7-sterols, & numerous other phytochemicals, are abundant in the pumpkin fruit, including the meat, seed, and peel.

Objective:

In this review, the nutraceutical importance of pumpkin's seed anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular preventive and anti-cancer effects are explored along with the nutraceutical effects of anti-depressants, anti-helminthic and anti-oxidants effects are involved.

Methods:

A comprehensive analysis of the literature search was conducted. A number of databases have been searched using the common terms "pumpkin,", "pumpkin seeds", "cucurbita,", "functional food", "phenolic compounds", "minerals,", and "phytochemicals" using PubMed and Google Scholar as search engines. The content was based on information from publications like Bentham Science, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Nature, Plos One, etc. We have focused on the review and research papers published between 2000 and 2023.

Result:

Meanwhile, some research gaps on the biological activities of pumpkin seeds and their potential as a functional food element have been discovered in the current literature. The pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds bioactives and the characterization and identification of functional molecules have received very little attention in the literature. It is necessary to conduct more studies to connect the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Pumpkin seeds.

Conclusion:

The therapeutic benefits of pumpkin seeds & the potential disease-preventing mechanisms are updated in this review article, also on the chemical make-up, nutritional value, phytochemical research, pharmacological characteristics, bioavailability, food use, & industrial applications of pumpkin.
The Antimicrobial Activity of Cu/CuxO Composites Synthesized by Thermal Oxidation of Copper Tablets
Authors: Kayed Kamal , Mansour Ghaytha , Alsoki Esaaf
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

One of common bacteria is Staphylococcus aureus, which is a gram- positive, coagulasepositive,
golden color in culture. That causes a wide range of clinical infections, resistance to β-lactam antibiotics.

Objectives:

In this paper, we investigate the ability of copper nanoparticles in Cu/CuxO composites to inhibit
Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the effect of oxidation temperature on the inhibition efficacy.

Methods:

Cu/CuxO composites were synthesized on the surfaces of copper samples by thermal oxidation of copper
pressed tablets at various temperatures. The optical reflectivity spectra of the Cu/CuxO composites were measured.
The edges of the plasma in these spectra were observed in the range 526-600 nm. In order to verify the antibacterial
behavior of these composites, inhibition zone tests were realized for Staphylococcus aureus.

Results:

The results showed that, the widest zone of inhibition was for the treated sample at temperature 100°C. In
addition, we found that the thermal oxidation reduces the ability of copper nanoparticles to inhibit bacteria.

Conclusions:

The results we obtained are summarized in the following points: 1) Thermal oxidation reduces the
reflectivity of copper samples. 2) The plasma edge increases with the increase in the oxidation temperature. 3) Increasing
the oxidation temperature leads to a decrease in bacterial inhibition rates
Use of Nanomaterials in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Fattahi N.
Published: May 2023

Over the past few decades, studies on bone tissue engineering have inspired innovation in novel materials, processing methods, performance evaluations, and applications. Nanomaterials have great promise for the creation of novel treatment solutions, such as bone regeneration and repair, as well as the replacement of organs and tissues. Bone tissue engineering is facilitated by nanomaterials that replicate bone characteristics and provide special functions. Nanomaterials can be employed in their natural state as drug delivery system carriers or as fillers to strengthen bone regeneration scaffolds. This chapter is focused on nanomaterials used in or being developed for bone regeneration. The present chapter aims to inspire readers to explore new avenues for designing and developing efficient and effective nanomaterials for bone regeneration applications.
School dropout in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in upper basic students of the Bachillero educational unit
Authors: Chávez-García Wilson Enrique , Moreira-Morales Denny Beatriz , Manzaba-Basurto Lorena Elizabeth , Álava-Castro Danny José , Avila-Rosales Francisca Margarita
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the educational system, thus causing a loss of learning and a delay in knowledge in students, which led many to abandon their studies. The objective of the research was to analyze school dropout in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic in the students of Basic Superior of the Unidad Educativa Bachillero del Cantón Tosagua in the year 2021. The qualitative-quantitative approach was used since it analyzed, measured, and quantified data to present the information through statistical tables, 34 dropout students from the institution were considered, for which the data collection instrument was used; the survey addressed to parents and guardians of the courses where the dropout students were. The method used was the bibliographic, and analytical-synthetic, allowed to deepen the study, which was based on material found in books, magazines, blogs and web pages, which contained information related to the topic raised. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative influence on the educational system, since it led to less learning and an increase in school dropouts.
Development of historical immersive learning media to strengthening Pancasila Student Profiles in vocational high school
Authors: Nugroho Alifi Nur Prasetia
Published: May 2023

This study aims to develop historical immersive learning media to improve the Pancasila student profiles in Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Indonesia. This research and development use ADDIE's research steps method (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate). The results show that immersive learning media can enhance the understanding and appreciation of Pancasila values among SMK students. The media effectively stimulates students' interest in history and encourages them to apply Pancasila values daily. The study concludes that immersive learning media can potentially strengthen the Pancasila student profiles and promote the development of responsible, tolerant, and patriotic citizens in Indonesia. The result of media tests on vocational students obtained satisfactory results, with the average overall score reaching 4.25 or in the category of "Very Decent."  The findings suggest that implementing immersive learning media in SMKs should be encouraged and supported by policymakers, educators, and other stakeholders in the education sector.
The Effects of Online Access to General Practice Medical Records Perceived by Patients: Longitudinal Survey Study
Authors: Thielmann Rosa R L C , Hoving Ciska , Cals Jochen W L , Crutzen Rik
Published: May 2023

Background

Patient online access to medical records is assumed to facilitate patient empowerment and advance patient-centered health care. However, to date, the actual effects of online access to medical records perceived by patients and other outcomes are insufficiently empirically tested.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of online access to medical records on patient empowerment, informed decision-making, and the patient-provider relationship perceived by patients.

Methods

A nationwide, 2-wave, longitudinal survey study was conducted among Dutch adults (N=2402). Linear regression analyses were performed. In model 1, the perceived effects of online access to medical records (measured at T1 [first measurement; July 2021]) on 16 outcomes (measured at T2 [second measurement; January 2022]), which were associated with the use of online access to general practice medical records in previous research, were investigated. Model 2 included sociodemographic factors and patient characteristics as confounders.

Results

Users indicated more strongly than nonusers that online access to medical records would increase their participation in health care, improve the relationship with their general practitioner, and support informed decision-making. These results were robust when adjusted for the influence of confounders. Effect sizes were very small, with unstandardized regression coefficients (B) ranging between −0.39 and 0.28. Higher digital and health literacy were associated with higher ratings of almost all effects.

Conclusions

Online access to medical records has the potential to empower patients and foster informed decision-making among patients. The effects in this study were small but might grow over time. Other factors, such as the attitude of general practitioners toward online access to medical records, might moderate these effects. The results indicate that the potential benefits of online access to medical records might be unevenly distributed. We suggest future exploration of the conditions under which online access to medical records can improve health care system functioning and efficiency without increasing health inequality.
Hemosuccus pancreaticus as a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Chooklin S.M. , Chuklin S.S. , Posivnych M.M. , Krystopchuk S.A.
Published: May 2023

Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a life-threatening condition that should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and high serum amylase. The varied presentation of hemosuccus pancreaticus and the limited literature evidence due to its rarity make it challenging to diagnose. Diagnostic modalities include contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans, endoscopic procedures (esophagoduodenoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and angiography. Therapeutic management through an interventional radiology using coil embolization is safe and effective in hemodynamically stable patients with hemosuccus pancreaticus. Endosonography can be an innovative approach for the diagnosis and treatment of patients in whom contrast cannot be administered; however, its safety and efficacy need to be confirmed by future studies. This review presents current views on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hemosuccus pancreaticus.
Emergencies in addiction medicine (general questions)
Authors: Skoroplit S.M. , Zagurovskyi V.M. , Kursov S.V.
Published: May 2023

The article examines the substances used by drug addicts and modern general issues regarding the provision of emergency medical care to patients who are in a drug-induced state. An overview of the toxicological situation in Ukraine and in the world has been given. The general principles of providing emergency medical aid during the development of emergencies in drug-addicted patients caused by drug overdose and abstinence have been presented.
Features of pain in patients with gunshot wounds depending on the location of injury at the stages of treatment
Authors: Kuchyn Iu.L. , Horoshko V.R.
Published: May 2023

The incidence of gunshot wounds during the Anti-Terrorist Operation/Joint Force Operation is 54–70 %. More attention should be paid to the problem of pain treatment in patients with gunshot wounds, because about 70 % have negative treatment outcomes, which leads to pain chronicity. Chronic pain, in turn, is associated with several mutually aggravating factors — this can lead to the development of extremely serious long-term consequences. The features of pain in this category of patients have not been sufficiently studied. Taking into account continuity and consistency, clear and high-quality pain control is necessary at all stages of treatment.
Analysis of clinical series with the use of adjuvants to general anesthesia during elective caesarean section
Authors: Padalko A.A. , Dziuba D.O. , Halushko O.A.
Published: May 2023

Background. Caesarean section remains one of the most common surgical interventions in the world. The main disadvantages of the general anesthesia in caesarean section are a high risk of awareness during the operation and a pronounced hemodynamic reaction to the surgical trauma in a patient. The most dangerous period of intervention in terms of these complications is the period before the birth of a child. This article analyzes our own clinical cases of the general anesthesia during elective caesarean section with the addition of adjuvants and compares anesthetic management with world practices. In all cases from our own clinical practice, total intravenous anesthesia with artificial lung ventilation was performed. Intravenous forms of medical drugs were used as adjuvants: paracetamol (1000 mg) and clonidine (100 μg), 30 minutes before the elective surgical intervention. The newborns were examined with the Apgar scale and umbilical venous blood gas analysis was carried out. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of patients was based on recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Caesarean Section and guidelines of the PROSPECT working group. Results. The analysis of our own clinical cases revealed the presence of a hemodynamic reaction of the patient’s body to the operative injury (in the period before the birth of a child), which does not exceed safe levels; absence of anesthetic complications and cases of accidental awareness during surgery; absence of a negative influence of adjuvants on newborns; sufficient depth of anesthesia and reduction of the intraoperative doses of opioids and intravenous anesthetics (“on patient’s request”). Conclusions. The analysis of clinical cases argues for the need to use “safe adjuvants” (acetaminophen, clonidine) to general anesthesia during elective caesarean section and the necessity for further research.
Emergencies in addiction medicine: alcohol intoxication
Authors: Skoroplit S.M. , Zagurovskyi V.M. , Kursov S.V. , Mihnevich K.H. , Ohiienko L.F.
Published: May 2023

The article examines the pathological effect of alcohol on the human body, as well as the types of pathological conditions caused by the effect of alcohol, and modern general issues regarding the provision of emergency medical assistance to persons in critical condition due to the effects of alcohol. An overview of the toxicological situation in the country and the world has been presented. Algorithms for providing emergency medical aid for various types and severity of alcohol intoxication have been described.
Emergencies in addiction medicine: intoxication with alcohol surrogates
Authors: Skoroplit S.M. , Mihnevich K.H. , Zagurovskyi V.M. , Kursov S.V. , Ohiienko L.F.
Published: May 2023

The article describes in detail practical measures for acute poisoning with false alcohol surrogates, such as methanol, ethylene glycol, and dichloroethane. Important attention has been paid to the pathogenesis and clinical picture of poisonings, as well as the stages and severity of their course. The influence of false alcohol surrogates on various organs and systems is given. Necessary methods of laboratory and instrumental examination of victims, principles of sorting patients, prognosis of poisonings have been described. Treatment measures and their sequence have been listed in detail.
The Study of Seismic Hazard in Near-Fault Areas Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Approach
Authors: Aglia Grisella , Wijaya Martin , Rahardjo Paulus Pramono
Published: May 2023

Earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia and usually destroys both high and low-rise buildings as well as triggers liquefaction and Tsunami. This means it is important to provide a robust building design with the ability to resist earthquake load and other induced phenomena. One of the methods commonly used to determine the relevant response spectrum of the bedrock is seismic hazard analysis which can be either Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) or Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). The application of PSHA allows the representation of the response spectrum of an earthquake using the return period, thereby providing the engineers with the flexibility of selecting the appropriate natural period. Meanwhile, DSHA is based on geological observations and empirical data that can be easily understood. This research discussed the greater influence of seismic hazard analysis on the bedrock response spectrum of near-fault areas including Bandung situated at a distance of 12.9 km from Lembang Fault, Palu at 3 km from Palu Fault, and Yogyakarta at 8.5 km from Opak Fault. Moreover, EZFRISK Program was used to generate a response spectrum at bedrock and the results showed that PSHA is consistently more conservative than DSHA. It was also noted that there are significant differences at shorter periods for Palu site but these differences were observed at the natural period between 1s and 2s for Bandung and Yogyakarta sites.
Dam Break Analysis of Sermo Dam
Authors: Sumira Maria , Anggraheni Evi , Prastica Rian Mantasa Salve
Published: May 2023

Sermo Dam is located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and serves multiple purposes including providing drinking water, supplementing irrigation systems in the Kalibawang area, and flood control. According to data published by the World Commission, 60% of mitigation measures taken to overcome the impact of dam structure failures are unsuccessful. The simulation of dam failure serves as a crucial aspect of flood mitigation plans and strategies because it is more destructive than natural flood waves. This research used HEC-RAS 5.0.7 to examine the flood inundation mapping and simulate dam failure in two dimensions. However, Dam Break Analysis was adopted to provide a Dam Emergency Action Plan Guide to guide managers and the community. The overtopping scenario was adapted to model the failure of the Sermo Dam based on the frequent occurrence of heavy and extreme precipitation in the affected area. Data were analyzed using unsteady flow and PMF discharge with peak inflow discharge of 1276.6 m³/s, which result in an inundation area of 9394 hectares and a maximum flood height of 17 m. Dam failure-induced floods tend to potentially affect eight sub-districts including Kokap, Pengasih, Sentolo, Wates, Panjatan, Galur, Lendah, and Temon. The piping scenario is also considered based on the potential damage that tends to occur. In the piping scenario, the biggest flooding area was 5112 hectares with a maximum flood height of 13 m. About six sub-districts are potentially affected by dam failure-induced floods with Kokap and Sentolo being excluded from the list.  Therefore, it is crucial to establish early warning systems and infrastructure to mitigate disaster risks. The results of this research can also inform evacuation planning, damage estimation, and post-flood rehabilitation efforts in the affected areas.