bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of carbon nanotubes with microbial enzymes: conformational transitions and potential toxicity
Authors: Chen Ming , Zeng Guangming , Xu Piao , Yan Min , Xiong Weiping , Zhou Shuang
Published: August 2017

Interaction of carbon nanotubes with microbial enzymes.
Correction: Catalytic hydrogenolysis of kraft lignin to monomers at high yield in alkaline water
Authors: Qi Shi-Chao , Hayashi Jun-ichiro , Kudo Shinji , Zhang Lu
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘Catalytic hydrogenolysis of kraft lignin to monomers at high yield in alkaline water’ by Shi-Chao Qi et al., Green Chem., 2017, 19, 2636–2645.
Design and engineering of high-performance photocatalytic systems based on metal oxide–graphene–noble metal nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Narendra , Prakash Jai , Gupta Raju Kumar
Published: August 2017

Coupling metal oxide photocatalysts with functional nanomaterials such as noble metal- and molecular graphene-based nanostructures and engineering their structural and optoelectronic properties can lead to high-performance photocatalytic systems.
Controllable structure transitions of Mn3O4 nanomaterials and their effects on electrochemical properties
Authors: Hu Yating , Zhang Yu , Yuan Du , Li Xu , Cai Yongqing , Wang John
Published: August 2017

Mn3O4 nanofibers with a tunnel size of 1.83 Å in the crystal structure show much higher volumetric capacitance than two other morphologies/crystal structures, when using 1 M LiCl aq. as the electrolyte.
Two-step controllable preparation of NiO nanocrystal anchored reduced graphene oxide sheets and their electrochemical performance as supercapacitors
Authors: Gui Jun , Zhang Jinhua , Liu Tianbao , Peng Yanfen , Chang Jie
Published: August 2017

A feasible and expandable way to prepare homogenous NiO nanocrystal coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-NiO) for high performance supercapacitor electrodes.
Influence of π-bridge conjugation on the electrochemical properties within hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Hu Weixia , Zhang Zemin , Cui Jianyu , Shen Wei , Li Ming , He Rongxing
Published: August 2017

A series of triphenylamine-based derivatives were explored to reveal the relationship between their charge-transport properties and the π-bridge conjugation degree.
Copper-catalyzed transformation of ketones to amides via C(CO)–C(alkyl) bond cleavage directed by picolinamide
Authors: Ma Haojie , Zhou Xiaoqiang , Zhan Zhenzhen , Wei Daidong , Shi Chong , Liu Xingxing , Huang Guosheng
Published: August 2017

Copper catalyzed chemoselective cleavage of the C(CO)–C(alkyl) bond leading to C–N bond formation with chelation assistance of N-containing directing groups is described.
Microwave-solvothermal synthesis of various TiO2 nano-morphologies with enhanced efficiency by incorporating Ni nanoparticles in an electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Krishnapriya R. , Praneetha S. , Vadivel Murugan A.
Published: August 2017

A novel systematic approach is demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by impregnating Ni-nanoparticles into I−/I3− electrolyte with various TiO2 nanomorphologies-based photo-anodes synthesized via microwave-solvothermal process.
Designing hybrid architectures for advanced thermoelectric materials
Authors: Zheng Yun , Luo Yubo , Du Chengfeng , Zhu Beibei , Liang Qinghua , Hng Huey Hoon , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Xu Jianwei , Yan Qingyu
Published: August 2017

The recent advances in solution-synthesized thermoelectric materials with hybrid architectures have been briefly summarized.
The synthesis of poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) in ionic liquids at atmospheric pressure
Authors: He Dan , Wu Ying , Liu Zhengping , Zhao Tuo
Published: August 2017

High performance polymer poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) was prepared under mild conditions based on 4,4-difluorodiphenylsulfone and Na2S in i-pmim PF6 (IL)/MImBS (ZI) at atmospheric pressure and compared with conventional methods.
Investigations on microwave deicing effects on graphite-modified concrete
Authors: Liu Jun-liang , Xu Jin-yu , Lu Song
Published: August 2017

The microwave deicing method is one of the non-contact deicing methods.
Electrospun PCL-PIBMD/SF blend scaffolds with plasmid complexes for endothelial cell proliferation
Authors: Bai Lingchuang , Li Qian , Duo Xinghong , Hao Xuefang , Zhang Wencheng , Shi Changcan , Guo Jintang , Ren Xiangkui , Feng Yakai
Published: August 2017

PCL-PIBMD/SF scaffolds can maintain the integrity of plasmid complexes loaded in scaffolds, and thereby enhance the proliferation of endothelial cells.
An electrochemical sensor based on Co3O4 nanosheets for lead ions determination
Authors: Yu Lei , Zhang Ping , Dai Hongxiu , Chen Ling , Ma Houyi , Lin Meng , Shen Dazhong
Published: August 2017

In this work, Co3O4 nanosheets were fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates by developing a simple electrochemical deposition and annealing method for lead ions detection.
Zinc dopant inspired enhancement of electron injection for CuInS2quantum dot-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Wu Qinqin , Cai Chunqi , Zhai Lanlan , Wang Jiantao , Kong Fantai , Yang Yun , Zhang Lijie , Zou Chao , Huang Shaoming
Published: August 2017

The PCE of doped CuInS2QDSCs increased from 5.21% to 5.90%, due to broadened optoelectronic response range and accelerated electron injection.
The effect of powder grain size on the microstructure and electrical properties of 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2
Authors: Zhang Jianxing , Huang Xiaowei , Zhang He , Xue Qiannan , Xu Hong , Wang Liangshi , Feng Zongyu
Published: August 2017

The powder grain size has an effect on the microstructure and electrical properties of 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2.
Extracting the inner wall from nested double-walled carbon nanotube by platinum nanowire: molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Xia Dan , Luo Yongchao , Li Qiang , Xue Qingzhong , Zhang Xiaomin , Liang Chunyong , Dong Mingdong
Published: August 2017

The Pt nanowire with proper diameter is able to extract the inner wall/s in nested double-walled/multi-walled carbon nanotubes. For the multi-walled carbon nanotubes, the Pt nanowire with proper diameter can only peel off the outermost wall.
One-pot extraction and aerobic oxidative desulfurization with highly dispersed V2O5/SBA-15 catalyst in ionic liquids
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Zhigang , Yao Xiaoyu , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ming , Li Hongping , Liu Hui , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming
Published: August 2017

Clean oils could be obtained with this aerobic oxidation desulfurization method under mild conditions.
Fine dispersion morphology of polystyrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) blending generation for controlled foaming behavior
Authors: Wang Wenzhao , Wang Liancai , Jiao Yang , Zeng Xinmiao , Wang Xiangdong , Lu Yongjun , Cheng Anren , Dai Pei , Zhao Xuena
Published: August 2017

Polystyrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PS/PETG) blends with different PETG contents were prepared using a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C.
Influence of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on the luminescence properties of non-conjugated copolymers based on iridium complex and carbazole units
Authors: Lin Meijuan , Luo Caiping , Xing Guang , Chen Longjie , Ling Qidan
Published: August 2017

The non-conjugated copolymers with the carrier-transporting carbazole units, phosphorescence iridium complex units and nano-scale particles POSS were synthesized. The effects of POSS on the performance of copolymer hybrid materials were investigated.
Adsorption mechanism of mussel-derived adhesive proteins onto various self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Huang Shizhe , Hou Qingfeng , Guo Donghong , Yang Hui , Chen Ting , Liu Fanghui , Hu Guangxin , Zhang Minghui , Zhang Jian , Wang Jinben
Published: August 2017

Mussel adhesion to a variety of surfaces has received considerable attention due to its ability to bind strongly to many surfaces under water.
Three-dimensional annealed WO3 nanowire/graphene foam as an electrocatalytic material for all vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Kabtamu Daniel Manaye , Chang Yu-Chung , Lin Guan-Yi , Bayeh Anteneh Wodaje , Chen Jian-Yu , Wondimu Tadele Hunde , Wang Chen-Hao
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a three-dimensional annealed tungsten trioxide nanowire/graphene sheet (3D annealed WO3 NWs/GS) foam as an excellent and low-cost electrocatalyst.
Creep-induced anisotropy in covalent adaptable network polymers
Authors: Hanzon Drew W. , He Xu , Yang Hua , Shi Qian , Yu Kai
Published: August 2017

Anisotropic polymers with aligned macromolecule chains exhibit directional strengthening of mechanical and physical properties.
Correction: Manipulation of cell adhesion and dynamics using RGD functionalized polymers
Authors: Li Juyi , Yu Yingjie , Kim Myungwoong , Li Kao , Mikhail John , Zhang Linxi , Chang Chung-Chueh , Gersappe Dilip , Simon Marcia , Ober Christopher , Rafailovich Miriam
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘Manipulation of cell adhesion and dynamics using RGD functionalized polymers’ by Juyi Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01209h.
Exchange bias in bismuth ferrite/cobalt ferrite Janus nanofibers
Authors: Budi M. A. K. , Glass E. B. , Rudawski N. G. , Andrew J. S.
Published: August 2017

Bismuth ferrite:cobalt ferrite (BiFeO3:CoFe2O4) nanofibers with tailorable exchange bias effects were synthesized utilizing a Janus type morphology, wherein both phases are coupled longitudinally along the length of each fiber.
Thermo-optical characterization and thermal properties of graphene–polymer composites: a review
Authors: Bauld Reg , Choi Dong-Yup William , Bazylewski Paul , Divigalpitiya Ranjith , Fanchini Giovanni
Published: August 2017

Graphene–polymer composites show great promise as thermal interface materials. We here offer a deeper understanding of their thermal properties using contactless photothermal deflection techniques.
Iridium(iii) complexes bearing oxadiazol-substituted amide ligands: color tuning and application in highly efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Fuli , Si Changfeng , Dong Xiaobin , Wei Donghui , Yang Xin , Guo Kunping , Wei Bin , Li Zhongyi , Zhang Chi , Li Suzhi , Zhai Bin , Cao Guangxiu
Published: August 2017

Yellow, orange to red iridium(iii) complexes bearing oxadiazol-substituted amide ancillary ligand have been synthesized and their electroluminescent properties were investigated.
Towards outstanding dielectric consumption derived from designing one-dimensional mesoporous MoO2/C hybrid heteronanowires
Authors: Cheng Yan , Meng Wei , Li Zhaoyong , Zhao Huanqin , Cao Jieming , Du Youwei , Ji Guangbin
Published: August 2017

1D mesoporous MoO2/C hybrid heteronanowires were designed for outstanding dielectric loss properties.
XMM-Newton observations of the non-thermal supernova remnant HESS J1731−347 (G353.6-0.7)
Authors: Doroshenko V. , Pühlhofer G. , Bamba A. , Acero F. , Tian W. W. , Klochkov D. , Santangelo A.
Published: August 2017

We report on the analysis of XMM-Newton observations of the non-thermal shell-type supernova remnant HESS J1731−347 (G353.6-0.7). For the first time the complete remnant shell has been covered in X-rays, which allowed direct comparison with radio and TeV observations. We carried out a spatially resolved spectral analysis of XMM-Newton data and confirmed the previously reported non-thermal power-law X-ray spectrum of the source with negligible variations of spectral index across the shell. On the other hand, the X-ray absorption column is strongly variable and correlates with the CO emission thus confirming that the absorbing material must be in the foreground and reinforcing the previously suggested lower limit on distance. Finally, we find that the X-ray emission of the remnant is suppressed towards the Galactic plane, which points to lower shock velocities in this region, likely due to the interaction of the shock with the nearby molecular cloud.
Changes of Sagittal and Axial Alignments of Patella after Open- and Closed-Wedge High-Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lee O-Sung , Ahn Soyeon , Lee Yong
Published: August 2017

The present systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed to verify the effect of open-wedge (OW) and closed-wedge (CW) high-tibial osteotomy (HTO) on sagittal and axial alignments of the patella. A vigorous search was performed for studies that compared the changes of sagittal and axial alignments of patella after OW and CW HTO. After evaluating publication bias and heterogeneity, we aggregated variables by using the random-effects model. The weighted mean differences in sagittal and axial alignment of patella were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. Also, we analyzed the changes in sagittal alignment of various OW HTO techniques, such as uniplanar, biplanar, and retrotubercle osteotomy. Overall, 20 studies that included 831 OW HTOs and 206 CW HTOs were included in this study. Patellar height decreased after OW HTO based on the Blackburne–Peel index (BPI, mean: −0.10), and Caton–Deschamps index (CDI, mean: −0.08). However, the patellar height after CW HTO showed no change after surgery (BPI [mean: −0.02], and CDI [mean: 0.02]). Among OW HTO techniques, the retrotubercle osteotomy showed the least change in patellar height after surgery. The lateral patellar tilt decreased by 1.74 degrees, and lateral patellar shift showed no change after OW HTO. However, there was a lack of evidence to conclude the change of axial alignment of patella after CW HTO. Our results supported that the sagittal alignment of patella lowered after OW HTO. However, CW HTO maintained the constant sagittal position of the patella. Among OW HTO techniques, the retrotubercle osteotomy had the least effect on the sagittal alignment of the patella. Regarding the axial alignment of the patella, OW HTO resulted in a little change of lateral patellar tilt; however, there was little evidence to confirm the change of the axial alignment of patella after CW HTO.
Interhospital Transfers of Maternal Patients: Cohort Analysis of Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2011
Authors: Morriss Frank
Published: August 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the annual rate of interhospital transfers of pregnant and postpartum women in the United States and analyze associated patient and health system characteristics as measures of regionalized perinatal care performance.

Methods Separate weighted univariate analyses of the 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) were performed for all maternal discharges, in-hospital deaths, and transfers. Multivariable logistic regression analyses for transfer dispositions adjusted for health system characteristics, maternal demographics, and diagnoses were performed. Additional perinatal service characteristics were analyzed using NIS merged with the 2011 American Hospital Association Annual Survey database.

Results An estimated 18,082 patients, 0.43% of maternal hospitalizations, were transferred to an acute care hospital; 81% occurred without childbirth delivery before transfer. Transfers were toward larger, urban teaching hospitals and hospitals with higher levels of obstetrical and neonatal care and were more likely in states with ≥4.0 maternal–fetal medicine specialists/10,000 live births. Blacks and Native Americans were more likely and Hispanics and Asians were less likely than white patients to be transferred. Privately insured women were less likely to be transferred than were others. Transfers were associated with life-threatening maternal diagnoses and fetal indications.

Conclusion Transfers reflected a risk-based regionalized system of perinatal care, with racial and payer differences.
Effektivität stationärer psychosomatischer Behandlung – Ergebnisse einer naturalistischen Zweijahresuntersuchung
Authors: Valdés-Stauber Juan , Fuchs Alexander , Reiner Sören , Bachthaler Susanne
Published: August 2017

Hintergrund Stationäre psychosomatische Behandlung entspricht den Versorgungsbedürfnissen westlicher Gesellschaften. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Effektivität in verschiedenen Settings sind notwendig, da stationär-psychosomatische Behandlung fester Bestandteil der deutschen Versorgungslandschaft geworden ist.

Fragestellung Ziel der Studie ist die Untersuchung, ob sich die Werte für die klinischen und ressourcenbezogenen Variablen signifikant verbessern und ob es Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Outcome-Variablen und Variablen aus einem mehrdimensionalen Patientenprofil gibt.

Methode Die Stichprobe besteht aus allen, in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 aufgenommenen Patienten (N=321, davon 283 in die Studie einwilligenden). Die Prä-Post-Analyse der mit validierten Tests untersuchten klinischen und ressourcenbezogenen Variablen erfolgt anhand von t-Tests, einschließlich Effektstärken. Zusammenhänge zwischen Outcome-Variablen und Variablen aus dem mehrdimensionalen Patientenprofil wurden anhand bivariater Tests und multivariater linearer Regressionsmodelle durchgeführt. Unterschiede zwischen positivem und negativem Outcome wurden mit logistischen Modellen untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Drop-out-Rate durch nicht einwilligende Patienten beträgt 11,8%, durch unvollständige Datensätze 6,9%, durch Aufgabe während des stationären Aufenthaltes 4,1% (Drop-out-Rate insgesamt: 22,8%). Funktionalität, Selbstwirksamkeit und Lebensqualität verbessern sich, allgemeine Symptombelastung, Krankheitsschwere, Depressivität, interpersonelle Probleme und Verbitterung sinken (p<0,001) mit Effektstärken zwischen 0,39 und 1,42 (durchschnittlich für klinische Zielvariablen: 0,98). Zwischen der Besserung der persönlichen Ressourcen und dem klinischen Status wurden deutliche Zusammenhänge gefunden. 10% der Patienten berichten von einer klinischen Verschlechterung.

Diskussion Stationäre psychosomatische Krankenhausbehandlung ist effektiv hinsichtlich der klinischen Besserung und der Qualität der Behandlung. Ressourcenbezogene und klinische Variablen als Outcome-Variablen korrelieren bidirektional, wobei die Art der kausalen Verbindung unklar bleibt. Prognostische Faktoren sind spärlich.

Schlussfolgerungen Ist die stationäre psychosomatische Behandlung indiziert, kann bei gegebenen strukturellen Voraussetzungen von ihrer Effektivität ausgegangen werden. Der Verlauf scheint sehr individuell zu sein. Depressivität und Verbitterung scheinen Epiphänomene aller psychosomatischen Störungen zu sein.
Clowns in Paediatric Surgery: Less Anxiety and More Oxytocin? A Pilot Study
Authors: Scheel Tabea , Hoeppner Dorothea , Grotevendt Anne , Barthlen Winfried
Published: August 2017

Background Hospital stays and medical interventions are accompanied by worries and anxiety in children and parents. Recent studies show that hospital clowns may reduce anxiety and enhance well-being. However, so far studies are based solely on subjective measures and clowns are usually not integrated in medical routine. With this pilot study, we aim to provide both psychological and physiological evidence of positive effects of clowns’ interventions in hospitalized children.

Patients/Method In a consecutive randomized intervention-control group design with 31 children aged 4 to 13 years, 17 patients were accompanied by a clown prior to surgery or during ward round (intervention group) and 14 were not (control group). Saliva samples for oxytocin measurement were taken from all patients before hospitalization (T1) and prior to surgery or after ward round (T2). Self- and parents-reports were obtained at T1, T2 as well as at time of discharge from hospital (T3) regarding children’s anxiety (STAI), worries and well-being. Clowns evaluated their success in cheering up the child. Health professionals were asked for their acceptance of clowns in hospitals.

Results Children in the intervention group had lower anxiety ratings and a higher oxytocin concentration at T2 as compared with T1; the control group showed no changes. Parents rated the well-being of their children higher if their child had clown’s contact and were more willing to recommend the hospital. The staff judged the clowns as helpful for patients.

Discussion Consistent psychological and physiological results suggest the positive impact of a clown’s intervention in hospitalized children.
Computational prediction of a simple cubic carbon allotrope consisting of C12 clusters
Authors: Bu Kun , Li Zhen-Zhen , Wang Jian-Tao
Published: August 2017

We identify by ab initio calculations a new simple cubic carbon phase in Pa3¯ symmetry, which has a 48-atom unit cell in all-sp3 bonding networks, thus termed SC48 carbon. It can be viewed as a crystalline form of C12 clusters or a combined structure of SC24 and BC12 carbon, but it is energetically more stable than the recently reported cubic carbon phases such as BC8, SC24, BC12, and fcc-C12. The structural stability is verified by phonon mode analysis. Electronic band and density of state calculations reveal that SC48 carbon is an insulator with a large direct band gap of 4.40 eV. Moreover, simulated x-ray diffraction patterns provide an excellent match to the distinct diffraction peaks found in milled fullerene soot. These results provide a solid foundation for further exploration of this new carbon allotrope.
SiGe-on-insulator fabricated via germanium condensation following high-fluence Ge+ ion implantation
Authors: Anthony R. , Haddara Y. M. , Crowe I. F. , Knights A. P.
Published: August 2017

Germanium condensation is demonstrated using a two-step wet oxidation of germanium implanted Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI). Samples of 220 nm thick SOI are implanted with a nominal fluence of 5 × 1016 cm−2 Ge+ at an energy of 33 keV. Primary post-implantation wet oxidation is performed initially at 870 °C for 70 min, with the aim of capping the sample without causing significant dose loss via Ge evaporation through the sample surface. This is followed by a secondary higher temperature wet oxidation at either 900 °C, 1000 °C, or 1080 °C. The germanium retained dose and concentration profile, and the oxide thickness is examined after primary oxidation, and various secondary oxidation times, using Rutherford backscattering analysis. A mixed SiGe oxide is observed to form during the primary oxidation followed by a pure silicon oxide after higher temperature secondary oxidation. The peak germanium concentration, which varies with secondary oxidation condition, is found to range from 43 at. % to 95 at. %, while the FWHM of the Ge profile varies from 13 to 5 nm, respectively. It is also observed that both the diffusion of germanium and the rate of oxidation are enhanced at 870 and 900 °C compared to equilibrium expectations. Transmission electron microscopy of a representative sample with secondary oxidation at 1080 °C for 20 min shows that the SiGe layer is crystalline in nature and seeded from the underlying silicon. Raman spectroscopy is used to determine residual strain in the SiGe region following secondary oxidation. The strain is compressive in nature and increases with Ge concentration to a maximum of approximately 1% in the samples probed. In order to elucidate the physical mechanisms, which govern the implantation-condensation process, we fit the experimental profiles of the samples with a model that uses a modified segregation boundary condition; a modified linear rate constant for the oxidation; and an enhanced diffusion coefficient of germanium where the enhancement is inversely proportional to the temperature and decays with increasing time. Comparison of the modeled and experimental results shows reasonable agreement and allows conclusions to be made regarding the dominant physical mechanisms, despite the semi-empirical nature of the model used.
Fabrication of highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors with electrospun polymer nanofibers
Authors: Kim Yeongjun , Jang Shin , Kang Byung Ju , Oh Je Hoon
Published: August 2017

Highly sensitive capacitive pressure sensors with poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) dielectric layers were prepared. The dielectric layers were directly produced by electrospinning P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers for various spinning times. A longer spinning time enhanced the deformability of the electrospun P(VDF-TrFE) layers, resulting in higher sensitivity owing to larger changes in the deformation of the dielectric layer. One of the capacitive pressure sensors showed a high sensitivity of 2.81 kPa−1 at a pressure ≤ 0.12 kPa, a good response time of 42 ms, and small hysteresis. The sensitivity of the sensor was five times higher than that of a typical capacitive pressure sensor. The fabricated pressure sensor could detect a tiny water droplet as light as 7 mg. It is expected that the electrospun P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers can be used as sensing materials for highly sensitive pressure sensors in wearable electronics applications.
Strain induced ferromagnetism and large magnetoresistance of epitaxial La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6 thin films
Authors: Krishna Murthy J. , Jyotsna G. , N Nileena , Anil Kumar P. S.
Published: August 2017

In this study, the structural, magnetic, and magneto-transport properties of La1.5Sr0.5CoMnO6 (LSCMO) thin films deposited on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate were investigated. A normal θ/2θ x-ray diffraction, rocking curve, ϕ-scan, and reciprocal space mapping data showed that prepared LSCMO thin films are single phase and highly strained with epitaxial nature. Temperature vs. magnetization of LSCMO films exhibits strain-induced ferromagnetic ordering with TC ∼ 165 K. In contrast to the bulk samples, there was no exchange bias and canted type antiferromagnetic and spin glass behavior in films having thickness (t) ≤ 26 nm. Temperature dependent resistivity data were explained using Schnakenberg's model and the polaron hopping conduction process. The slope change in resistivity and magnetoresistance maximum (∼65%) around TC indicates the existence of a weak double exchange mechanism between the mixed valence states of transition metal ions. Suppression of spin dependent scattering with the magnetic field is attributed for the large negative magnetoresistance in LSCMO films.
Quantum electromagnetic effects explain flaring jets throughout the universe
Authors: Blaustein Rich
Published: August 2017

Researchers theorize and simulate Quantum Electromagnetic Effects operating in extreme environments and spawning relativistic jets.
Highly anisotropic mobility in solution processed TIPS-pentacene film studied by independently driven four GaIn probes
Authors: Yoshimoto Shinya , Takahashi Kohtaro , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Yamada Hiroko , Miyahara Ryosuke , Mukai Kozo , Yoshinobu Jun
Published: August 2017

We have studied in-plane anisotropy in the field-effect mobility of solution-processed organic semiconductor 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene by using independently driven four gallium indium (Ga-In) probes. Liquid-metal Ga-In probes are highly effective for reproducible conductivity measurements of organic thin films. We demonstrated that a high mobility anisotropy of 44 was obtained by using a square four-probe method and a feedback circuit to keep the channel potential constant. The present method minimized the influences of the contact resistance and the insensitivity of anisotropy in a linear arrangement in two-dimensional field-effect transistors.
Spectroscopic measurement of the degree of ionization in a helium electron cyclotron resonance discharge in a simple cusp field
Authors: Ueda Akira , Shikama Taiichi , Teramoto Tatsuya , Higashi Takanori , Iida Yohei , Hasuo Masahiro
Published: August 2017

For an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge, a simple cusp field can improve electron confinement and enhance the degree of ionization (DOI) without sacrificing accessibility to the plasma. In this study, the spatial distribution of the DOI is experimentally revealed in a helium plasma produced with widely used 2.45 GHz and 800 W microwaves. The DOI is evaluated from the electron density and ground state atom density measured using HeI emission line intensities and by collisional-radiative model analysis. It is found that the DOI increases to more than 15% within a reasonably large volume surrounded by the ECR surface and locally reaches as high as 25%.
Roles played by invertase and gene expression in the development of the horn-shaped gall on leaves of Rhus chinensis
Authors: Ruan Zhen-Yuan , Chen Xiao-Ming , Yang Pu , Wang Bing-Yi
Published: August 2017

The present study deals with the growth and development of the horn-shaped gall, which is induced by Schlechtendalia chinensis Bell. on leaves of Rhus chinensis Mill. The relationship between gall formers and their host plants was investigated by means of the activities of various invertases, the expressions of the cell wall invertase gene (INV2), and vacuolar invertase gene (INV3) during gall development. Our results show that the increase in the sink strength of the galls required cell wall invertase and vacuolar invertase, and that vacuolar invertase had a particular impact during the early development. In addition, vacuolar invertase activity was always significantly higher in galls than in leaves. However, ionically bound cell wall invertase showed a slightly significant increased activity level when compared with the leaves after galls had entered the fast growing period. This result indicates that vacuolar invertase is related to the rapid expansion of the galls, but ionically bound cell wall invertase is involved in the rapid growth of tissues. The enhanced activity of cell wall invertase and the expression of INV2 may be a plant response to a gall-induced stress. Cytoplasmic invertase that acts as a maintenance enzyme, or takes part in the production of secondary metabolites, was elevated when intracellular acid invertase activity decreased.
A model for predicting J-integral of surface cracks in round bars under combined mode I loading
Authors: Ismail Al Emran , Noor Fazimah Mat , Mohamad Zaleha , Madlan Mohd Amran , Zulafif M. , Rasidi Ibrahim M. , Hassan Mohd Fahrul , Ariffin A.M.T , Yunos Muhamad Zaini
Published: August 2017

This study presents a method to develop an analytical aspect for J-integral prediction of surface crack in round bars under combined mode I loading. This technique is based on the local limit load approach considering a plastic deformation across the crack ligament. Then, the developed limit load is then combined with the reference stress method to predict J-integral along the crack front of surface crack in cylindrical bars.
Finite-key-size effect in a commercial plug-and-play QKD system
Authors: Chaiwongkhot Poompong , Sajeed Shihan , Lydersen Lars , Makarov Vadim
Published: August 2017

A security evaluation against the finite-key-size effect was performed for a commercial plug-and-play quantum key distribution (QKD) system. We demonstrate the ability of an eavesdropper to force the system to distill key from a smaller length of sifted-key. We also derive a key-rate equation that is specific for this system. This equation provides bounds above the upper bound of secure key under finite-key-size analysis. From this equation and our experimental data, we show that the keys that have been distilled from the smaller sifted-key size fall above our bound. Thus, their security is not covered by finite-key-size analysis. Experimentally, we could consistently force the system to generate the key outside of the bound. We also test manufacturer’s software update. Although all the keys after the patch fall under our bound, their security cannot be guaranteed under this analysis. Our methodology can be used for security certification and standardization of QKD systems.
Acute Liver Failure Due to Echovirus 9 Associated With Persistent B-Cell Depletion From Rituximab
Authors: Bajema Kristina L , Simonson Paul D , Greninger Alex L , Çoruh Basak , Pottinger Paul S , Bhattacharya Renuka , Liou Iris W , Jalikis Florencia G , Fligner Corinne L , Rakita Robert M
Published: August 2017

We describe a case of fatal acute liver failure due to echovirus 9 in the setting of persistent B-cell depletion and hypogammaglobulinemia 3 years after rituximab therapy. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing further specified the etiologic agent. Early recognition may provide an opportunity for interventions including intravenous immunoglobulin and liver transplantation.
Internet-Based Interventions for Eating Disorders
Authors: Hilbert Anja , Opitz Lisa , de Zwaan Martina
Published: August 2017

Evidence demonstrating the efficacy of treatment and prevention programs for eating disorders is accruing. However, the common face-to-face delivery of these interventions has a number of limitations, including high cost and limited accessibility. E-mental health, referring to the use of information and communication technology—particularly the Internet—in interventions for mental health disorders, has the potential to overcome these barriers and enhance the treatment and prevention of eating disorders. To date, the limited number of evaluations have documented small to moderate effect sizes in the improvement of eating disorder symptomatology through Internet-based treatment and prevention. Beyond efficacy, major questions remain regarding content, structure, and modes of delivery of Internet-based interventions; suitable diagnostic tools and safety measures; and cost-effectiveness, dissemination, and implications for public health programming. These aspects deserve attention in future research before widely recommending Internet-based interventions for eating disorders.
Maternity and Family Leave Policy
Authors: Rossin-Slater Maya
Published: August 2017

Maternity and family leave policies enable mothers to take time off work to recover from childbirth and care for new children. While the policies differ across countries, the existing research yields the following conclusions. First, despite barriers to leave take-up, implementation and extensions of programs increase leave-taking among new parents. Second, leave entitlements less than one year in length can improve job continuity for women and increase employment rates several years after childbirth; longer leaves can negatively influence women’s labor market outcomes. Third, extensions in existing paid leave policies have no impact on measures of child well-being, but the introduction of short programs can improve children’s short- and long-term outcomes. Fourth, while more research is needed, the current evidence shows minimal impacts of existing US state-level programs on employer-level outcomes.
Criticism and Authority
Authors: Lincicum David
Published: August 2017

The nineteenth century saw profound doubts about the veracity, trustworthiness, and authority of Scripture take root within ecclesial circles. This chapter considers the variegated shifts in views of the Bible across this period, arguing that differentiated challenges converged to issue a question to Christian churches about the nature of their Bible, though the contours of these challenges and their responses differed by national context. Advances in the hard sciences, and in particular geology and biology, troubled the long-standing attempt to use the natural world as a source of ‘evidences’ for the truth of the Bible. The widespread historicization of European thought gave rise to attempts to understand the Hebrews and early Christians, as well as their writings, in the context of antiquity. Finally, the concrete results of historical criticism increasingly problematized attempts to view the Bible as a unified text whose veracity was secured by trustworthy authorial claims.
Faith and Reason
Authors: Re Manning Russell
Published: August 2017

This chapter sets out the late eighteenth-century background to the emergence of ‘faith and reason’ as a composite pair, framed by the apparent Kantian disjunction between faith and reason. The author shows first that Kant’s denial of knowledge is far from a clear-cut statement of an either/or contrast of faith and reason, and, second, that it is the characteristically Kantian gesture of ‘making room’ that sets the agenda. The second section traces the relation of faith and reason as a dyadic pair in Schleiermacher, Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. A final section considers the legacy of the nineteenth-century model, notably the extent to which it provided the groundwork for the self-perception of the generation who came of age at the turn of the century that theirs was a time of crisis in which the composite model of ‘faith and reason’ split open into the distinctively twentieth-century model of ‘faith or reason’.
The Nation and Nationalism
Authors: Moxnes Halvor
Published: August 2017

This chapter discusses the relations between Christianity and nation in three different state constructions: the unification of smaller states into a nation state, older states already with a central government, and nation states that were established by peoples breaking away from empires. It emphasizes new forms of sources for nationalism such as: the Lives of Jesus studies that portrayed Jesus as a model for democratic nationalism or for national character; the use of conservative nationalism to establish the German Empire in 1871; the Anglican Church’s attempts in England to give the Church an inclusive, national character; Roman Catholic ultramontanism, which emphasized the centralized rule of the Church from Rome; the Balkan political independence movement which led to the establishment of independent Orthodox churches; and finally, the ‘mainline’ Protestant churches which influenced the formation of an American national identity.
Sin and Reconciliation
Authors: Nimmo Paul T.
Published: August 2017

This chapter explores some of the innovative approaches to the doctrines of sin and reconciliation found in the Christian theology of the nineteenth century. These accounts tended to emerge in Western Christianity, and specifically in Protestant Germany. The chapter opens with a concise rehearsal of a broadly traditional account of sin and reconciliation in the Christian tradition, and an outline of the principal streams of criticism this traditional account encountered in the Enlightenment period. It then considers in turn the constructive interaction with these core doctrinal themes of a series of significant writers: Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schleiermacher, G. W. F. Hegel, Albrecht Ritschl, and Wilhelm Herrmann. It concludes by reflecting upon the key insights which this trajectory of creative thinking has contributed to the enterprise of Christian theology.
Orthodoxy
Authors: Russell Norman
Published: August 2017

Orthodox theologians were aware of developments in Western thinking in the nineteenth century, and sought to define their religious and cultural identity in relation to them. In Russia, this found expression in the Slavophile movement and the ‘Russian School’ with its notion of ‘Godmanhood’. Within the latter context, Soloviev’s controversial sophiology was to exercise an important influence. By the end of the century, prominent members of the intelligentsia had begun to return to Orthodoxy in a movement known as the ‘Russian religious renaissance’. In the Greek-speaking world, the guiding spirit was Korais, who saw it as his mission to bring to Greece the values of the Enlightenment. Koraism inspired the liberal wing of the Greek Church, which was vigorously opposed by the conservatives. The complex relationship between the imitation of Western patterns of thought and the recovery of older Orthodox traditions has left an indelible mark on modern Orthodox theology.
Introduction
Authors: Rasmussen Joel D.S. , Wolfe Judith , Zachhuber Johannes
Published: August 2017

The Introduction sets out the volume’s programmatic aims. While previous scholarship often saw the nineteenth century as a period of secularization, there is increasing evidence that the period was instead one of vivid intellectual engagement with the Christian tradition, albeit often articulated in ways deviating from what had hitherto been accepted as orthodox. This introductory overview therefore combines attention to the abiding influence of the Christian tradition with a recognition of its radical transformation and diversification under the influence of the forces of modernity. It acknowledges that in the nineteenth century, Christian ideas have to be discerned within a broad spectrum of intellectual, political, and artistic expressions that are no longer overtly controlled by institutionalized Christianity, and their study has to draw on the expertise of scholars from various disciplines. The Introduction subsequently gives an overview of how these fundamental considerations play out in the individual sections of the Handbook.
Race and Emancipation
Authors: Halliwell Martin
Published: August 2017

Set against the history of slavery and abolitionism in the Atlantic world, the chapter first considers two essays of 1900 by African American leader W. E. B. Du Bois before addressing ways churches in the United States were often accused of complicity in perpetuating slavery. The chapter assesses the contested status of the ante-bellum black church and the covert worship slaves often needed to take in the South, before turning to the 1830 Southampton Insurrection and the 1831 Great Jamaican Slave Revolt. The focus switches to key texts that drew upon the Bible to oppose slavery, before considering how racial representations in the mid-century offered ambivalent views on racial equality. The chapter then turns to the shifting status of white and black churches during Reconstruction, and the re-entrenchment along racial lines in the late nineteenth century, before broadening out questions of identity and belonging by discussing missionary enterprises to Africa.
Life in the Spirit
Authors: Hodgson Peter C.
Published: August 2017

‘Life in the Spirit’, an ancient conviction of the Church, finds diverse new meanings among the thinkers of the nineteenth century. The chapter starts with a distinguished line of Protestants from Schleiermacher, Hegel, and Kierkegaard to Bushnell, Royce, and Troeltsch. Then it turns to three Anglicans (Coleridge, Maurice, Gore); to Möhler and the Catholic Tübingen School; and to Soloviev and Russian religious thought. It ends with ‘marginalized voices’ of the century, voices that spoke of the Spirit in the genre not of theology but of sermon, song, and story. The purpose is to display as much variety in viewpoint as possible and not to resolve contradictions. Tensions are inherent to the topic itself. It is clear that, despite the centrality of Christological issues in this century, the Spirit too comes into its own, blowing in every direction.
Introduction
Authors: Coon Jessica , Massam Diane , Travis Lisa Demena
Published: August 2017

This chapter introduces the phenomenon of ergativity, a term most commonly used to refer to systems with one or both of the following properties: (i) transitive subject (A arguments in (1)) pattern differently from intransitive subjects (S arguments) and from transitive objects (P arguments); and (ii) transitive objects and intransitive subjects pattern alike. The chapter then outlines the structure of the volume and introduces the chapters and the parts into which they are divided – accounting for ergativity; characteristics and extensions; approaches to ergativity; and case studies.
Ergativity in Nominalization
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis
Published: August 2017

This chapter provides a further investigation into the hypothesis that deverbal nominalizations across languages show an ergative case-marking pattern. It is argued that this is attributed to the presence of a defective v (or Voice) in their syntactic representation. The main concern of the chapter is to address the question what it is about nounness that obligatorily triggers the presence of an ergative case pattern. It is argued that this follows from the requirement that nominalizers embed structures that do not project external arguments. Specifically, the presence of a nominalizer head in a syntactic structure creates an environment in which only one argument can receive structural Case. As a result, an ergative case pattern emerges.
Ergativity in Discourse and Grammar
Authors: DuBois John W.
Published: August 2017

This chapter considers how a discourse profile may provide a key piece of the puzzle for explaining the distribution of ergative grammatical structures within and across the world’s languages. The ergative discourse profile, isomorphic to the ergative-absolutive pattern of syntactic alignment, is found in a typologically diverse array of languages including ergative, accusative, and active. Speakers tend to follow soft constraints limiting the Quantity and Role of new and lexical noun phrases within the clause. Evidence for the universality of the ergative discourse profile is examined from typology, child language, and diachrony. A conflicting discourse pressure for topicality motivates accusativity, giving rise to competing motivations. As one recurrent resolution of competing demands, ergativity represents an evolutionarily stable strategy realized in grammar. While discourse-pragmatic and cognitive motivations contribute crucially to a functional explanation of ergativity, additional factors must include semantics of verbs, constructions, aspects, and splits; inherited morphosyntax; and more.
Developments into and Out of Ergativity: Indo-Aryan Diachrony
Authors: Butt Miriam , Deo Ashwini
Published: August 2017

This chapter takes a close look at ergativity in Indo-Aryan, the only language family for which we have a continuous attested record for over three thousand years. Old Indo-Aryan did not have an over ergative case whereas many of the New Indo-Aryan languages do.  It tracks the diachronic trajectory of a result-stative construction from Old Indo-Aryan to its reanalysis as an ergative construction in Middle Indo-Aryan and explore the variation found in further developments in New Indo-Aryan languages, wherein several languages lose aspects of the ergative system, or innovate morphological material to reinforce the structural pattern.  We discuss the relationship of ergativity to various structural and semantic factors that have been adduced in the literature. This includes agreement patterns, possessors, aspect, evidentiality and various lexical semantic factors.
Parameterizing Ergativity: An Inherent Case Approach
Authors: Sheehan Michelle
Published: August 2017

This chapter posits a parameter hierarchy to capture micro-parametric variation in ergative (or rather non-accusative) alignment, building on the proposal that ergative is an inherent case, assigned by little vs. Initial parameters determine the distribution of this inherent case across instances of little v in a given language, sensitive to various thematic features, and subsequent dependent parameters determine further properties of ergative-assigning vs such as the presence of a movement trigger and the suppression of structural Case features. This gives rise to a number of distinct ergative types depending on the distribution of ergative case, the presence/absence of syntactic ergativity, and the source of absolutive case in transitive contexts. The resultant parameter hierarchy serves to restrict the space of variation, modeling a number of proposed implicational universals in this domain, and provides a potential solution to the subset problem in acquisition by encoding a notion of relative markedness.
Ergativity in Inuktitut
Authors: Compton Richard
Published: August 2017

This chapter provides an overview of ergativity in Inuktitut, a dialect group of the Inuit language (Eskimo-Aleut), spoken in the Eastern Canadian Arctic. The various manifestations of ergativity in the language are examined, including the ergative alignment of case assignment as well as verbal agreement morphology. Evidence for absolutive case being structural, as opposed to a morphological default, is presented using evidence from ditransitives and causatives. Bittner and Hale’s (1996a,b) influential account of ergativity in West Greenlandic is discussed and several points of their analysis are shown to be problematic as applied to Inuktitut. The ergative organization of verbal agreement and its origin in possessor agreement is also examined. Finally, the use of the antipassive construction as a type of differential object marking to indicate an indefinite or non-specific object is presented and proposals linking antipassive marking and aspect are considered.