bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of one-staged procedures to treat aortic coarctation complicated by cardiac anomalies
Authors: Lin Hongyuan , Chang Yi , Qian Xiangyang , Yu Cuntao , Sun Xiaogang
Published: July 2022

Objective

One-staged surgical treatment of aortic coarctation combined with cardiac anomalies is challenging. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of bilateral aortofemoral bypass technique in one-staged surgery treating coractation by comparing surgical outcomes with catheter intervention plus stent (hybrid).

Methods

Between January 2012 and December 2017, 50 patients underwent one-staged surgical procedures to treat coarctation and repair concomitant cardiac anomalies, like aortic root dilatation, cardiac valvular disease and so on. Among them, 30 patients underwent bilateral aortofemoral bypass and 20 patients underwent hybrid procedure to treat coarctation. We retrospectively analyzed the data of these patients and compared the early and late results.

Results

All the baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between groups except that the mean age of bypass group was 39.5 ± 14.0 years which was older than hybrid group (27.9 ± 8.5 years, P = 0.002). Technical success was achieved in all patients, with no hospital death or other severe complications. Immediately after surgery, in bypass and hybrid group, the mean upper-limb systolic blood pressure decreased from 159.4 to 119.7 mmHg and 148.4 to 111.6 mmHg, the median peak systolic gradient decreased from 68.0 to 10 mmHg and 46.5 to 10 mmHg respectively (P = 0.09). And the mean upper-lower limbs gradient decreased from 21.7 to 5.9 mmHg and 21.0 to 2.7 mmHg respectively (P = 0.104). The mean follow-up time was 76.92 ± 18.7 in bypass group and 85.4 ± 20.6 months in hybrid group. There were 4 late deaths in bypass group (one died of gastrointestinal bleeding, one died of pulmonary embolism and the other two died of heart failure caused by mechanical prosthetic valve dysfunction). The follow-up peak systolic gradient and other blood pressure parameters showed stable and no differences between two groups.

Conclusions

The bilateral aortofemoral bypass surgery is a safe and effective method which can be used in one-staged surgical strategy to treat coarctation complicated by cardiac anomalies and can be an alternative to the hybrid method.
Viral etiology among children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections and its association with meteorological factors and air pollutants: a time-series study (2014–2017) in Macao
Authors: Lei Cheng , Lou Cheong Tat , Io King , SiTou Kin Ian , Ip Chong Pak , U HongJin , Pan Baoquan , Ung Carolina Oi Lam
Published: July 2022

Background

The associations between viral etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) with meteorological factors and air pollutants among children is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore the viral etiology among children hospitalized for ARI and the association of meteorological factors and air pollutants with children hospitalization due to viral ARI.

Methods

Electronic health record data about children (aged between 1 month and 14 years) admitted for ARI at Kiang Wu Hospital in Macao between 2014 and 2017 was analyzed retrospectively. xMAP multiplex assays were used to detect viruses in the nasopharyngeal swab and distributed-lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate associations.

Results

Among the 4880 cases of children hospitalization due to ARI, 3767 (77.2%) were tested positive for at least one virus and 676 (18%) exhibited multiple infections. Enterovirus (EV)/rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (IFV) were the most common viral pathogens associated with ARI and human bocavirus (hBOV) exhibited the highest multiple infection rates. Meteorological factors and air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5 and NO2) were associated with the risk of viral ARI hospitalization. The relative risk of viral infection increased with daily mean temperature but plateaued when temperature exceeded 23 °C, and increased when the relative humidity was < 70% and peaked at 50%. The effect of solar radiation was insignificant. Air pollutants (including PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3) showed strong and immediate effect on the incidence of viral infection.

Conclusions

The effects of mean temperature, relative humidity and air pollutants should be taken into account when considering management of ARI among children.
Retraction Note: FAM83H-AS1/miR-485-5p/MEF2D axis facilitates proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Zhao Wenpeng , Guo Jiang , Li Honglu , Cai Liang , Duan Youjia , Hou Xiaopu , Diao Zhenying , Shao Xihong , Du Hongliu , Li Changqing
Published: July 2022

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08923-0
Analysis of circRNAs profile in TNF-α treated DPSC
Authors: Lei Qiyin , Liang Zezi , Lei Qiaoling , Liang Fuying , Ma Jing , Wang Zhongdong , He Shoudi
Published: July 2022

Background

Pulpitis often are characterized as sustained inflammation and impaired pulp self-repair. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the development of inflammation, but their influence in pulpitis is still unidentified, which was examined in our research.

Methods

In this study, TNF-α (20 ng/mL) was used to treat DPSCs, then MTS identified cell proliferation. The circRNAs profile in DPSCs with or without TNF-α treatment was evaluated using RNA sequencing and subsequently by bioinformatics analysis. After that, the circular structure was assessed using agarose gel electrophoresis, followed by Sanger sequencing. And the circRNAs expression was ratified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cell and tissues samples. Additionally, the plausible mechanism of circRNAs was envisaged, and the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA linkage was plotted using Cytoscape.

Results

The treatment of TNF-α inhibited cell proliferation capabilities in DPSCs, which also made 1195 circRNA expressions undergo significant alterations. Among these changes, 11 circRNAs associated with inflammation were chosen for circular structure verification, and only seven circRNAs (hsa_circ_0001658, hsa_circ_0001978, hsa_circ_0003910, hsa_circ_0004314, hsa_circ_0004417, hsa_circ_0035915, and hsa_circ_0002545) had circular structure. Additionally, five circRNAs expressions (hsa_circ_0001978, hsa_circ_0003910, hsa_circ_0004314, hsa_circ_0004417, and hsa_circ_0035915) had significantly altered between with or without TNF-α treated DPSCs. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001978 and hsa_circ_0004417 were increased in patients suffering from pulpitis. Furthermore, their ceRNA linkage and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis suggested that these two circRNAs may participate in the inflammation development of pulpitis via mitogen-activated protein kinase and the Wnt signaling pathway.

Conclusion

This study revealed that the circRNAs profile was altered in TNF-α treated DPSCs. Also, hsa_circ_0001978 and hsa_circ_0004417 may be involved in the inflammation progress of pulpitis. These outcomes provided the latest information for additional research on pulpitis.
Early introduction of the multi-disciplinary team through student Schwartz Rounds: a mixed methodology study
Authors: Abnett Harry , Tuckwell Robert , Evans Lucy
Published: July 2022

Background

Medical education has changed continually throughout the covid-19 pandemic, creating additional stress for medical students. Personal reflection can empower an individual to adapt to new challenges, and reflection has gradually become incorporated into medical student training. Schwartz Rounds (SR) offer a compassionate group reflective forum for healthcare staff. SRs have been extensively introduced throughout the NHS, however medical student rounds are yet to be widely adopted. Entirely unresearched is how the multi-disciplinary team impacts a medical student SR.

This study aims to compare medical student experience of a single-discipline and a multi-discipline SR using mixed methodology.

Methods

Two virtual SRs were run at an NHS district general hospital, using the existing structure of the Trust’s rounds. The first round included only medical students on placement at the hospital, whereas the second round also involved other student health disciplines. Following each round Likert scale questionnaires were collected, and focus groups were held with a small number of participants. Quantitative analysis used median averages as well direct comparison of scores for each round. Qualitative data from the focus groups underwent thematic analysis.

Results

The quantitative data showed a positive response to both styles of student SRs, with over 87% of participants at both rounds stating they intended to attend further rounds. Direct comparison between the two rounds showed higher feedback scores for the single-discipline round. Qualitative analysis showed strong student interest in further group reflection, noting the value of SRs in improving workplace culture and inter-professional relationships. The analysis also highlighted frustrations with the existing SR structure, namely large group sizes and scripted panellists.

Conclusions

Both data sets showed a strong positive response to SRs, and a desire to attend again. There is some evidence to suggest the addition of multiple student disciplines at SRs impaired medical student reflection. Changes to the format of the round could result in even greater success in student rounds.
The educational use of social networking sites among medical and health sciences students: a cross campus interventional study
Authors: Dash Nihar Ranjan , Hasswan Ahmed Alrazzak , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Abdullah Natasya , Eladl Mohamed Ahmed , Khalaf Khaled , Farooq Ajmal , Guraya Salman Yousuf
Published: July 2022

Background

In recent years, social networking sites (SNSs) have evolved beyond connection and networking to become a powerful instructional tool. There is still a dearth of knowledge on the professional use of SNSs for education particularly among students from diverse backgrounds. This study examined the extent and pattern of SNSs usage for education across six institutions and then conducted an interventional workshop to fortify and regulate the educational use of SNSs.

Methods

This multicenter study was done in two phases. In the first phase, an online cross-sectional survey using a validated inventory was administered to determine the prevalence, extent, and preferences of SNSs usage by undergraduate students in medicine, health sciences and dentistry across five centers. Later, the second phase of the study was undertaken in a 75-min guided live workshop about the appropriate use of SNSs in academia. Additionally, pre- and post-test surveys were conducted to assess the impact and outcome of workshop.

Results

Of the 1722 respondents, 1553 (90%) reported using SNSs with the frequency of once a month to three to five times per day for education and to stay in touch with others. Most students agreed with the benefits of SNSs for education mainly in terms of information gathering, networking and collaboration. Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest were noted as the most preferred SNSs for education. Nevertheless, 63% perceived that proper instruction was required for the efficient use of SNSs. Following the guided workshop, there was a significant improvement in web technology understanding, digital professionalism, skills and knowledge on the productive use of SNSs. Students rated the efficient for conceptual learning, connection to community practice, e-portfolio, and collaborative learning as the top four major teaching and learning strategies, respectively, in the post-workshop survey.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that SNSs can be used as learning tools in medical education. However, SNSs usage should be regulated and guided for a more collegial and coherent learning climate in the digital realm. We urge medical educators to integrate SNSs into their courses for a technologically advanced and impactful curriculum.
Retraction Note: A thematic analysis of system wide learning from first wave Covid-19 in the east of England
Authors: Jackson Carolyn , Manley Kim , Webster Jonathan , Hardy Sally
Published: July 2022

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07797-7.
Protective role of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling against high fatality associated with hepatic encephalopathy via sustaining mitochondrial bioenergetics functions
Authors: Tsai Ching-Yi , Wu Jacqueline C. C. , Wu Chiung-Ju , Chan Samuel H. H.
Published: July 2022

Background

The lack of better understanding of the pathophysiology and cellular mechanisms associated with high mortality seen in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neurological complication arising from acute hepatic failure, remains a challenging medical issue. Clinical reports showed that the degree of baroreflex dysregulation is related to the severity of HE. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key component of the baroreflex loop that maintains blood pressure and sympathetic vasomotor tone, is known to underpin impairment of baroreflex. Realizing that in addition to angiogenic and vasculogenic effects, by acting on its key receptor (VEGFR2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) elicits neuroprotection via maintenance of mitochondrial function, the guiding hypothesis of the present study is that the VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling plays a protective role against mitochondrial dysfunction in the RVLM to ameliorate baroreflex dysregulation that underpins the high fatality associated with HE.

Methods

Physiological, pharmacological and biochemical investigations were carried out in proof-of-concept experiments using an in vitro model of HE that involved incubation of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons with ammonium chloride. This was followed by corroboratory experiments employing a mouse model of HE, in which adult male C57BL/6 mice and VEGFR2 wild-type and heterozygous mice received an intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane, a toxin used to induce acute hepatic failure.

Results

We demonstrated that VEGFR2 is present in cultured neurons, and observed that whereas recombinant VEGF protein maintained cell viability, gene-knockdown of vegfr2 enhanced the reduction of cell viability in our in vitro model of HE. In our in vivo model of HE, we found that VEGFR2 heterozygous mice exhibited shorter survival rate and time when compared to wild-type mice. In C57BL/6 mice, there was a progressive reduction in VEGFR2 mRNA and protein expression, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels, alongside augmentation of apoptotic cell death in the RVLM, accompanied by a decrease in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone and hypotension. Immunoneutralization of VEGF exacerbated all those biochemical and physiological events.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that, acting via VEGFR2, the endogenous VEGF plays a protective role against high fatality associated with HE by amelioration of the dysregulated baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone through sustaining mitochondrial bioenergetics functions and eliciting antiapoptotic action in the RVLM.
COVID-19 vaccination efficacy in numbers including SARS-CoV-2 variants and age comparison: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Sobczak Marharyta , Pawliczak Rafał
Published: July 2022

Background

New vaccines are being developed to fight the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In our study we compared the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent COVID-19-related infections and mortality.

Methods

17 randomized clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines were included after search in databases. We compared COVID-19 vaccines based on symptomatic and severe infections, number of deaths and hospitalizations related to COVID-19. Also, we analyzed the efficacy of COVID-19 against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as according to different age groups. Random effects model using Mantel–Haenzeal method was used to pool relative risk (RR).

Results

Our meta-analysis shows that full vaccination could decrease not only the risk of symptomatic or severe COVID-19, the risk of hospitalization and death caused by COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccines were also effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2 (RR = 0.36; 95% CI [0.25; 0.53], p < 0.0001). However, efficacy of vaccination varied in COVID-19 variant-dependent manner. Moreover, the analysis in different age groups showed that COVID-19 vaccines had the similar results: the risk was slightly lower in adults compared to elderly cohort $$(\ge$$

(
≥

65 years): (RR = 0.16, 95% CI [0.11; 0.23]) and (RR = 0.19, 95% CI [0.12; 0.30]), respectively.

Conclusions

Data obtained from clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines looks promising, in order to fully investigate efficacy of the vaccines further clinical examination is required especially considering new SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Aberrant salience correlates with psychotic dimensions in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Pugliese Valentina , de Filippis Renato , Aloi Matteo , Rotella Paola , Carbone Elvira Anna , Gaetano Raffaele , De Fazio Pasquale
Published: July 2022

Background

Aberrant salience is a well-known construct associated with the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. However, only a few studies have investigated aberrance salience as a trait, with no study investigating the association between the five aberrant salience domains and psychotic symptoms. We aimed to explore the role of aberrant salience and its domains on psychotic dimensions in both clinically remitted and non-remitted patients.

Methods

A sample of 102 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders was divided according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) remission criteria into two groups: remitted and non-remitted. Differences regarding psychotic symptomatology assessed by the PANSS and aberrant salience measured by the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) were explored. Finally, a correlation analysis between the PANSS and the ASI was run.

Results

Significantly higher ASI scores were evident among non-remitted patients. Positive symptoms (i.e. delusions, conceptual disorganization, and hallucinatory behaviour) and general psychopathology (i.e. postural mannerisms, unusual thought content) were correlated to the aberrant salience subscales ‘sharpening of senses’, ‘heightened emotionality’ and ‘heightened cognition’ and with the ASI total score. Significant correlations emerged between negative symptoms (blunted affect and social withdrawal) and ‘heightened cognition'. Finally, lack of spontaneity of conversation was related to the subscales ‘heightened emotionality’ and ‘heightened cognition’, as well as to the ASI total score.

Conclusions

These preliminary results support the hypothesis of an association between aberrant salience and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further research is needed, especially into the mechanisms underlying salience processing, in addition to social and environmental factors and cognitive variables.
An updated HACOR score for predicting the failure of noninvasive ventilation: a multicenter prospective observational study
Authors: Duan Jun , Chen Lijuan , Liu Xiaoyi , Bozbay Suha , Liu Yuliang , Wang Ke , Esquinas Antonio M. , Shu Weiwei , Yang Fuxun , He Dehua , Chen Qimin , Wei Bilin , Chen Baixu , Li Liucun , Tang Manyun , Yuan Guodan , Ding Fei , Huang Tao , Zhang Zhongxing , Tang ZhiJun , Han Xiaoli , Jiang Lei , Bai Linfu , Hu Wenhui , Zhang Rui , Mina Bushra
Published: July 2022

Background

Heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation, and respiratory rate (HACOR) have been used to predict noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure. However, the HACOR score fails to consider baseline data. Here, we aimed to update the HACOR score to take into account baseline data and test its predictive power for NIV failure primarily after 1–2 h of NIV.

Methods

A multicenter prospective observational study was performed in 18 hospitals in China and Turkey. Patients who received NIV because of hypoxemic respiratory failure were enrolled. In Chongqing, China, 1451 patients were enrolled in the training cohort. Outside of Chongqing, another 728 patients were enrolled in the external validation cohort.

Results

Before NIV, the presence of pneumonia, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, pulmonary ARDS, immunosuppression, or septic shock and the SOFA score were strongly associated with NIV failure. These six variables as baseline data were added to the original HACOR score. The AUCs for predicting NIV failure were 0.85 (95% CI 0.84–0.87) and 0.78 (0.75–0.81) tested with the updated HACOR score assessed after 1–2 h of NIV in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. A higher AUC was observed when it was tested with the updated HACOR score compared to the original HACOR score in the training cohort (0.85 vs. 0.80, 0.86 vs. 0.81, and 0.85 vs. 0.82 after 1–2, 12, and 24 h of NIV, respectively; all p values < 0.01). Similar results were found in the validation cohort (0.78 vs. 0.71, 0.79 vs. 0.74, and 0.81 vs. 0.76, respectively; all p values < 0.01). When 7, 10.5, and 14 points of the updated HACOR score were used as cutoff values, the probability of NIV failure was 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively. Among patients with updated HACOR scores of ≤ 7, 7.5–10.5, 11–14, and > 14 after 1–2 h of NIV, the rate of NIV failure was 12.4%, 38.2%, 67.1%, and 83.7%, respectively.

Conclusions

The updated HACOR score has high predictive power for NIV failure in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. It can be used to help in decision-making when NIV is used.
Sepsis subphenotyping based on organ dysfunction trajectory
Authors: Xu Zhenxing , Mao Chengsheng , Su Chang , Zhang Hao , Siempos Ilias , Torres Lisa K. , Pan Di , Luo Yuan , Schenck Edward J. , Wang Fei
Published: July 2022

Background

Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome, and the identification of clinical subphenotypes is essential. Although organ dysfunction is a defining element of sepsis, subphenotypes of differential trajectory are not well studied. We sought to identify distinct Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score trajectory-based subphenotypes in sepsis.

Methods

We created 72-h SOFA score trajectories in patients with sepsis from four diverse intensive care unit (ICU) cohorts. We then used dynamic time warping (DTW) to compute heterogeneous SOFA trajectory similarities and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) to identify trajectory-based subphenotypes. Patient characteristics were compared between subphenotypes and a random forest model was developed to predict subphenotype membership at 6 and 24 h after being admitted to the ICU. The model was tested on three validation cohorts. Sensitivity analyses were performed with alternative clustering methodologies.

Results

A total of 4678, 3665, 12,282, and 4804 unique sepsis patients were included in development and three validation cohorts, respectively. Four subphenotypes were identified in the development cohort: Rapidly Worsening (n = 612, 13.1%), Delayed Worsening (n = 960, 20.5%), Rapidly Improving (n = 1932, 41.3%), and Delayed Improving (n = 1174, 25.1%). Baseline characteristics, including the pattern of organ dysfunction, varied between subphenotypes. Rapidly Worsening was defined by a higher comorbidity burden, acidosis, and visceral organ dysfunction. Rapidly Improving was defined by vasopressor use without acidosis. Outcomes differed across the subphenotypes, Rapidly Worsening had the highest in-hospital mortality (28.3%, P-value < 0.001), despite a lower SOFA (mean: 4.5) at ICU admission compared to Rapidly Improving (mortality:5.5%, mean SOFA: 5.5). An overall prediction accuracy of 0.78 (95% CI, [0.77, 0.8]) was obtained at 6 h after ICU admission, which increased to 0.87 (95% CI, [0.86, 0.88]) at 24 h. Similar subphenotypes were replicated in three validation cohorts. The majority of patients with sepsis have an improving phenotype with a lower mortality risk; however, they make up over 20% of all deaths due to their larger numbers.

Conclusions

Four novel, clinically-defined, trajectory-based sepsis subphenotypes were identified and validated. Identifying trajectory-based subphenotypes has immediate implications for the powering and predictive enrichment of clinical trials. Understanding the pathophysiology of these differential trajectories may reveal unanticipated therapeutic targets and identify more precise populations and endpoints for clinical trials.
The obesity paradox for survivors of critically ill patients
Authors: Zhou Dawei , Wang Chao , Lin Qing , Li Tong
Published: July 2022

The obesity paradox has been observed in short-term outcomes from critical illness. However, little is known regarding the impact of obesity on long-term outcomes for survivors of critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the influence of obesity on long-term mortality outcomes after discharge alive from ICU. The adult patients who were discharged alive from the last ICU admission were extracted. After exclusion, a total of 7619 adult patients discharged alive from ICU were included, with 4-year mortality of 32%. The median body mass index (BMI) was 27.2 (IQR 24–31.4) kg/m2, and 2490 (31.5%) patients were classified as obese or morbidly obese. The morbidly obese patients had the highest ICU and hospital length of stay. However, higher BMI was associated with lower hazard ratio for 4-year mortality. The results showed the obesity paradox may be also suitable for survivors of critically ill patients.
Penalty method for a class of differential nonlinear system arising in contact mechanics
Authors: Chu Xu , Chen Tao , Huang Nan-jing , Xiao Yi-bin
Published: July 2022

The main goal of this paper is to study a class of differential nonlinear system involving parabolic variational and history-dependent hemivariational inequalities in Banach spaces by using the penalty method. We first construct a penalized problem for such a nonlinear system and then derive the existence and uniqueness of its solution to obtain an approximating sequence for the nonlinear system. Moreover, we prove the strong convergence of the obtained approximating sequence to the solution of the original nonlinear system when the penalty parameter converges to zero. Finally, we apply the obtained convergence result to a long-memory elastic frictional contact problem with wear and damage in mechanics.

First part title: Introduction

Second part title: Preliminaries

Third part title: Convergence result for (1.1)

Fourth part title: An application
Multi-family therapy for bulimia nervosa: a qualitative pilot study of adolescent and family members’ experiences
Authors: Escoffié Anabel , Pretorius Natalie , Baudinet Julian
Published: July 2022

Background

Multi-family therapy (MFT-BN) is a new treatment for adolescent bulimia nervosa with emerging empirical support. It extends the bulimia nervosa focussed family therapy model, by offering treatment in a group setting. Up to nine families work together with a team of clinicians over the course of 20 weeks. No qualitative study to date has investigated the experience of MFT-BN. This study aimed to explore this from the adolescent and parent/caregiver perspective.

Methods

Participants from two consecutive MFT-BN groups facilitated at the Maudsley Hospital in London, UK, were invited to participate in either a focus group or individual qualitative interview about the experience of MFT-BN. Of the 19 eligible participants (from 9 families), 15 (8 parents, 1 older sibling, 6 adolescents) consented and participated. Audio-recordings of interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Three main themes were identified; (1) seeing and being seen, (2) holistic shift, (3) the unspoken. Participants reported overall shifts in cognitions, emotions, behaviours, and relationships both individually and within the family as a result of attending MFT-BN. Meeting other families with similar struggles and sharing experiences, skills and learning helped reduce isolation and promote change. There was also a sense from participants that some things did not, or could not, be spoken about in the group context and that more direct and challenging conversations might have been helpful at times.

Discussion

The current study identifies some of the perceived benefits and challenges of MFT-BN. The three themes demonstrate the holistic nature of change that can occur across the treatment, as well as the power and limits of the group therapy setting and process. Further research is needed to explore the experience of MFT-BN and its outcomes across a more diverse range of participants and treatment settings.
A randomized controlled trial on mobile phone text messaging to improve sexo-reproductive health among adolescent girls in Cameroon
Authors: Wirsiy Frankline Sevidzem , Atuhaire Catherine , Ngonzi Joseph , Cumber Samuel Nambile
Published: July 2022

Background

We conducted a single-centered randomized controlled single-blinded trial (i.e. trained interviewers; blinded to group allocation). The target population included adolescent girls in the Kumbo West Health District (KWHD) of Cameroon. This trial tested the efficacy of weekly educational one-way text messages to improve perception of adolescent girls on sexo-reproductive health.

Methods

Allocation concealment (1:1) was determined by sequentially numbered sealed opaque envelopes. A total of 398 participants either received the mobile phone sexo-reproductive health text messages (199) or not (199). A blinded program secretary send out text messages and recorded delivery. Data was collected and managed at baseline and at 6 month intervals using an interviewer-administered questionnaire before and after intervention, then analysed using the independent T-test (mean differences) and ANOVA on SPSS version 21.

Results

The mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores respectively increased significantly from 6.03, 4.01 and 3.45 at baseline to 7.99, 5.83 and 4.99 at the end of the study. After performing ANOVA for the overall correct knowledge, positive attitudes and good practices respectively for between and within the intervention groups, we obtained: (F = 15.12, P = 0.023), (F = 60.21, P = 0.001) and (F = 57., P = 0.013) which showed statistical significance thus indicating the overall improvement in adolescents girls perception as a result of the intervention and not by chance. Majority (65.3%) of the participants were satisfied with the Short Message Service (SMS).

Conclusion

This trial has contributed to the body of knowledge and evidence on the use of mobile phone technology using educative SMS to improve adolescent girl’s perception on sexo-reproductive health in Cameroon.

Trial registration

Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR201805003259293. Registered 28 March 2018.
Improving equity, diversity, and inclusion in academia
Authors: Dewidar Omar , Elmestekawy Nour , Welch Vivian
Published: July 2022

There are growing bodies of evidence demonstrating the benefits of equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) on academic and organizational excellence. In turn, some editors have stated their desire to improve the EDI of their journals and of the wider scientific community. The Royal Society of Chemistry established a minimum set of requirements aimed at improving EDI in scholarly publishing. Additionally, several resources were reported to have the potential to improve EDI, but their effectiveness and feasibility are yet to be determined. In this commentary we suggest six approaches, based on the Royal Society of Chemistry set of requirements, that journals could implement to improve EDI. They are: (1) adopt a journal EDI statement with clear, actionable steps to achieve it; (2) promote the use of inclusive and bias-free language; (3) appoint a journal’s EDI director or lead; (4) establish a EDI mentoring approach; (5) monitor adherence to EDI principles; and (6) publish reports on EDI actions and achievements. We also provide examples of journals that have implemented some of these strategies, and discuss the roles of peer reviewers, authors, researchers, academic institutes, and funders in improving EDI.
Persistence and time challenges in an open online university: a case study of the experiences of first-year learners
Authors: Xavier Marlon , Meneses Julio
Published: July 2022

Student persistence in the first year of studies is a crucial concern in online higher education. Recent accelerated growth in online programs due to the COVID pandemic has increased concerns over higher dropout rates, which are often connected to students’ time challenges—time poverty, juggling multiple commitments, and fitting studies into busy lives. However, research seldom focuses on students’ perceptions of time issues related to persistence. This study addresses this gap by exploring how 20 second-year students retrospectively viewed their experiences of time challenges and how they impacted their persistence in their first year at an online open university. Content analysis of in-depth interviews demonstrated that time pressure and time-conflicts were crucial barriers for success in the foundational semester; the main barrier was juggling study with multiple priorities. Most persisters had good time management and high levels of intrinsic motivation, satisfaction, and self-determination. However, even procrastinators with heavy work-family duties managed to persevere due to their resilience and personal motivation. Lastly, recommendations and strategies for effective student-based interventions to foster persistence are suggested.
Whole exome sequencing in a juvenile idiopathic arthritis large family with SERPINA1 gene mutations
Authors: Popescu Cyprian
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of arthritis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis are not well understood, accumulated evidence supports the mixt role of genetic and environmental factors. Few reports of multiplex families with JIA were published until now. The aim of this study was to describe the subjects affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (JIAPs) in a large family.

Methods

Here, we characterized an extended multiplex family of 5 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (PsA) at the clinical and genetic level, using whole exome sequencing.

Results

We did not confirm in our family the linkage with the genetic factors already described that might be associated with increase susceptibility to JIA. We found a carrier status of siblings who inherited a pathogenic allele of the SERPINA1 gene from their mother who herself has two heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SERPINA1 gene.

Conclusions

This study didn’t identify genetic contributive factors but highlights potentially environmental associations concerning the siblings of a family with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and psoriatic features (JIAPs). It is difficult to establish that SERPINA1 gene mutation has an etiological role as the levels of AAT are only slightly decreased and all the children harbor heterozygous variants.
Clinical and radiological characteristics and considerations in the surgical management of a giant omental cyst: a case report
Authors: Tan Hooi Hooi , Tan Shung Ken , Nik Malek Nik Fatimah Salwati , Nallusamy Mohan Arunasalam
Published: July 2022

Background

Omental cysts are rare benign tumours. They occur due to malformation of the mesenteric lymphatic spaces which fail to communicate with the systemic lymphatic drainage. Diagnosis is challenging due to its rarity, indolent clinical progress, and non-specific clinical presentation in a normally well child. This case highlights the important clinical and radiological features of a giant omental cyst and a different perspective of management using combined ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage with laparoscopic surgical excision.

Case presentation

We report a case of a giant omental cyst in a 3-year-old boy who presented with gradual abdominal distension over 3 months. He was initially treated for constipation. He had no abdominal pain or history of trauma. There was a non-shifting dullness and fluid thrill on abdominal examination. Persistent distention led to further imaging with ultrasound and computer tomography scan which revealed a giant cystic lesion occupying the whole abdominal cavity. A diagnosis of a giant omental cyst was made. The initial ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage with gradual decompression of the cyst facilitated a safe and complete laparoscopic excision of the cyst. He recovered well after surgery.

Conclusion

Attention to important clinical and radiological features helps in the diagnosis of a giant omental cyst. Management with combined ultrasound-guided pigtail drainage and laparoscopic excision is safe and feasible.
Systematic Review: Incidence of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Over 70 Years
Authors: Al Subhi Abdul Rahman , Boyle Veronica , Elston Marianne S
Published: July 2022

Context

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are known to be rare. However, there is scant literature reporting their epidemiology, particularly whether the diagnosis of PPGL has increased with advances in medical imaging and biochemical and genetic testing.

Objective

The primary objective of this systematic review was to determine the annual incidence of PPGLs and change over time.

Design

A systematic review was performed. Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection databases were searched to identify studies reporting PPGL incidence. Studies were eligible for inclusion from the database’s inception until August 30, 2021.

Results

A total of 6109 manuscripts were identified; 2282 duplicates were excluded, and a further 3815 papers were excluded after abstract and/or full text review. Twelve studies were included in the final review. The incidence of PPGL ranged from 0.04 to 0.95 cases per 100 000 per year. Incidence increased over time, from approximately 0.2/100,000 individuals in studies performed before 2000, to approximately 0.6/100,000 in studies undertaken after 2010. The mode of diagnosis changed over the same time period, with more patients diagnosed from incidental imaging findings, and fewer at autopsy or from symptoms.

Conclusion

The annual incidence of PPGL has increased over time. Much of this increase is likely from incidental identification of tumors on imaging. However, the epidemiology of PPGL remains understudied, in particular, in associations with altitude, ethnicity, and genetics. To improve early detection and management guidelines, these gaps should be addressed.
Return to sport after lumbar fusion among patients with degenerative spinal disease
Authors: Baranowski Jakub , Terebecka Agata , Kuźminko-Bojarczuk Anna , Sagan Leszek
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction and purpose
Low-back pain (LBP) is one the most common causes of medical visits. Although specific diagnosis cannot always be made, degenerative spinal disease may be one. Non-surgical approach is the treatment of choice in most cases and provides satisfactory results. However, some patients require surgery when conservative treatment fails. Among different interventions, lumbar fusion is one of the most important. Common question arising from patients qualified for this type of surgery is the possibility of returning to sport (RTS).
Description of the state of knowledge
Successful RTS may be achieved with proper rehabilitation without surgery. However, invasive intervention, including lumbar fusion, is indicated when a non-surgical approach fails. Return to recreational sport is highly plausible among patients operated for spinal structures degeneration. The timing of RTS varies on the type of sport, nonetheless one may expect to rejoin sporting activities within a year. The return to golf has been well documented in the literature in comparison to other sport types. Golfers may expect successful recovery as 79-100% of them re-engage in golfing activities. Positive RTS is feasible for professional athletes and some of them are able to compete at elite level after surgery. The need for a well-structured rehabilitation protocol is underlined.
Summary
Successful RTS can be achieved in the vast majority of cases after lumbar fusion procedures. The suggested timeframes has been set as 6-12 months depending on the sport type. There are no strict recommendations, but general criterias include: 1) complete/nearly complete pain reduction; 2) adequate flexibility, strength and range of motion; 3) radiographic evidence of successful fusion.
Changing health behaviors under lockdown: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult physical activity and well-being
Authors: Grajek Mateusz , Kujawińska Maria , Duszyńska Paulina , Grot Martina , Kobza Joanna
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Obesity is recognized as one of the increasingly common diseases of civilization. It poses a great threat to the health and life of every person. Overweight and obesity have also been called a worldwide epidemic. Obesity is most often caused by prolonged positive energy balance: bad eating habits, low physical activity and other problems such as emotional. The current pandemic situation also promotes the incidence of overweight and obesity. Aim of the study. The main aim of the study was to investigate the impact of lockdown on the occurrence of overweight and obesity in adult population, while the specific aim was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the level of physical activity among adults. Material and Methods. A total of 244 adults participated in the study on the impact of lockdown on overweight and obesity. The criterion for inclusion in the study was a correctly completed questionnaire. The questionnaire was properly completed by 237 respondents, who were then qualified for further analysis. The study was conducted during the fall and winter seasons using a proprietary survey questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010, and the results and conclusions of the scientific study were obtained from it. Results and Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the respondents do not have enough knowledge about proper nutrition. In addition, it was found that their physical activity is decreasing and they are working more and more often remotely, which limits their movement during the day.
Harmful factors at the workplace of an operating nurse
Authors: Tomaszewska Katarzyna , Majchrowicz Bożena
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Introduction: Operating theatre is a very specific work environment. The staff employed in this organizational unit, apart from specific professional qualifications, must have the ability to make quick decisions as well as the skills to utilize highly specialized medical apparatus and equipment. Operating theatre nurses are exposed to various harmful factors, thus strain resulting from this type of work can be both mental and physical.
The aim of this paper was to assess the level of knowledge of surgical nurses about harmful factors at their workstations.
Material and methods: The study was performed in a group of 625 nurses working in different types of operating rooms of public hospitals in Poland. An original questionnaire survey was used to characterize the harmful factors occurring at the operating room nurse's workstation.
Results: The results obtained prove that according to the nurses surveyed, the main problem associated with working in the operating theatre is constant exposure to harmful factors that have a significant impact on workload.
Conclusions: There are factors identified by the staff at the operating theatre nurse's workstation that affect the level of strain both physically and mentally. Shaping the right working conditions, affecting the efficiency and safety of employees should be a priority for hospital managers and directors.
Acupuncture as complementary treatment for lower back pain
Authors: Jastrzębska Ilona , Kołodziej Magdalena , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: July 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Lower back pain is one of the most common disorders in the world. Acupuncture is one the methods of treatment, but its efficiency is still researched.

Aim of the study: To verify the effectiveness of acupuncture on low back pain.

Material and Methods: Search of the PubMed database using the following keywords: acupuncture, lower back pain. Only full-length articles were taken into consideration.

Results: The studies show that acupuncture is effective in the treatment of chronic low back pain and is not inferior to the usual care. However its efficiency in treatment of acute low back pain is not satisfactory and patients still require additional pharmacotherapy.

Conclusion: Acupuncture is efficient in the treatment of chronic low back pain, however more research is needed on its efficiency in treatment of acute low back pain.

 

Keywords: acupuncture, lower back pain
Symptoms of functional disorders of the stomatognathic system among students
Authors: Odzimek Martyna
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION The stomatognathic system is a morphological and functional group of tissues and organs, the main task of which is food intake, initial chewing and digestion, but also emotional expression, speech articulation and breathing. Dysfunctions in the masticatory system may take the form of: muscle or joint pain, excessive muscle tension, crackles in the temporomandibular joints and reduced mobility, tooth clenching or ear ailments, especially in the form of: noise, hypersensitivity or deterioration of hearing.
OBJECTIVE The main aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of functional dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system among students. The research was carried out from January to February 2022 using the proprietary online questionnaire and the results were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test.
RESULTS There was a statistically significant relationship (p≤0,05) between the occurrence of stomatognathic system disorders and the location of the headache (rc = 0,0252 – weak strength of the relationship), muscle tension (rc = 0,304 - average strength of the relationship) and ear ailments (rc = 0,35 - average strength of the relationship).
CONCLUSIONS The most important issue in the treatment of stomatognathic system disorders is the interdisciplinary and holistic view of the patient. It is important to introduce multidirectional and multi-stage therapy, thanks to which we can achieve maximum therapeutic effects.
The role of social support in obesity online health communities. A literature review
Authors: Martin-Vicario Lara ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain, Gómez-Puertas Lorena ,   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain
Published: July 2022

In the treatment of obesity, social support is considered key to successful weight loss and behavioural change, and online health communities to complement obesity treatment programmes have been shown to increase obesity treatment effectiveness. This study reviews the latest literature regarding how social support provided through an online health community can help people tackle obesity, identifying the different effects of social support on online health community members, specifically, the promotion of behavioural change and increased self-efficacy. This study also reveals how the recent literature points to both a direct and indirect relationship between social support in online health communities for obesity treatment and actual weight loss. This review is likely to provide useful insights to both healthcare professionals and social platform developers.