bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Inflammatory Diarrhoea (Faecal Leukocyte Count ≥ 5/Ml Or Faecal Cal-protetctin Positive) in young patients presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Gardezi Syed Anees A. , Niazi Najmusaqib K. , Tirmizi Syed Haider , Rafique Iffat , Sadiq Rabia , Rehman Muneeb Ur , Laique Talha
Published: June 2022

One of the common dilemma and the most important cause of child death below the age of 5 years in developing countries is acute gastroenteritis. Aim: To check the frequency of inflammatory diarrhoea (faecal leukocyte count ≥ 5/ml or faecal calprotetctin positive) in young patients presenting with acute gastroenteritis in hospital. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Methodology: Patients (n=366) within the age range of 1 day to 6 years presenting to the OPD with the complaints of symptoms associated with acute gastroenteritis (diarrhoea with or without abdominal pain, vomiting and nausea) were included into the study. Patients demographic data were collected. Stool samples from the patients were obtained in sterile bottles and sent for Stool RE and CS examination. All this information was recorded on Performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results were presented as frequency and percentage. Age was presented as mean± SD. Results: Out of total 366 patients 178 (48.6%) were male and 188(51.4%) were female. Mean age of the patients presenting to the OPD/MRC was 826 days (2.2 years) ± 618 days, with a range 13 days to 2187 days (5.9 years). Frequency of inflammatory diarrhea was 193(52.7%) among patients presenting with acute gastroenteritis as compared to non inflammatory diarrhoea. Conclusion: It was concluded that frequency of inflammatory diarrhoea in young patients presenting with acute gastroenteritis is alarmingly high in our region. Various programs for the identification and eradication of causative factors and organisms should be carried out along with education of masses about this fatal condition. Keywords: Acute Gastroenteritis, Diarrhoea, Infectious Diarrhoea, Inflammatory Diarrhoea and Non-Inflammatory Diarrhoea,
Prevalence of Hypocalcemic Fits in Exclusively Breast Fed Infants
Authors: Idrees Arzoo , Khan Manzoor Ali , Zia Mohsna Saeed , Shah Syed Zakir Hussain , Mughal Ishtiaq Ahmed , Ahmed Khawaja Abrar
Published: June 2022

Aim: To determine the prevalence of hypocalcemia fits in exclusively breast fed infants. Study design: Prospective study. Place and duration of study: Department of Paediatric Medicine, Abbas Institute of Medical Sciences/Medical College Muzafarabad AJ Kashmir from 01-04-2021 to 31-03-2022. Methodology: One hundred breast fed infants were enrolled. A 0.5cc blood of child was withdrawn for conductance of serum calcium and 25(OH) vitamin D3 test while 2cc of mother blood was also withdrawn for analyzing their calcium levels as well as vitamin D status in duplicate batches. Radiological imaging through x ray image of wrist for detection of rickets was performed in each infant. Infants having complain of fits were specifically observed fit/seizure time duration of the fit, the time when it occurred, eye rotation and cyanosis condition. Any family history regarding epilepsy especially in mothers was also noted. Results: The mean age of the infants was 5.5±2.3 months with a range of 1-12 months. Majority of the infants were male gender with a parentage of 66% while there were 34% female gender infants. Within the total number of infants included 30 children were having clinically defined rickets with 25 such infants who were having vitamin D level below the level of 20ng/ml. Conclusion: There is a low prevalence of hypocalcemia fit among breast fed infants. Keywords: Prevalence, Hypocalcemic fits, Breast fed infants.
Effects of Muscle Energy Technique with and without Bowen Therapy in Text Neck Syndrome
Authors: Seemal Pakeeza , Noor Rabiya , Riaz Saba , Afzal Hamna , Anwaar Sania , Niaz Mehwish , Seemal Pakeeza
Published: June 2022

Aim: To determine the effects of Muscle energy technique with and without Bowen therapy on pain, function, range of movement, and posture in Text neck syndrome. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted in Fatima Hospital Sargodha. A total of 22 patients with text neck syndrome were included and randomly allocated to two groups. Assessment of pain, function, Cervical ROM, Craniovertebral angle, and Rounded shoulder angle was taken using a Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Neck disability index (NDI), Goniometer, and photogrammetry. Group A received treatment with hot packs and METs. Group B received a hot pack, Muscle energy technique (METs) and Bowen therapy. A total of 18 sessions were given in 6 weeks with 3 sessions per week. Both groups were reassessed after 3 weeks and 6 weeks of treatment with follow-up after 3 weeks of treatment completion. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21. Results: Findings revealed that a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed for both within a group and between-group analysis in NPRS, NDI, cervical range of motion (CROM), Craniovertebral angle (CVA), and Rounded shoulder angle (RSA). However, the Bowen group showed more improvement in terms of all outcome measures based on their mean differences. Conclusion: The combination of METs and Bowen therapy was more effective in decreasing pain, improving movement, regaining functional status, and correcting posture in individuals with Text neck syndrome rather than using METs alone. Keywords: Text neck, Muscle energy technique, Bowen technique, Pain, Range of motion
Comparison between the Effect of Closed Kinetic Chain and Open Kinetic Chain exercises in the strengthening of Vastus Medialis Obliqus in subjects with Patello-Femoral Pain Syndrome - a randomized control trial
Authors: Mustafa Misbah , Fatima Ishrat , Tariq Afeera , Fazal Muhammad Irfan , Jamal Muhammad Nauman , Sarfraz Ahmad Humayun
Published: June 2022

Aim: To compare the effects of closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercises in the strengthening of vastus medialis obliqus in subjects with Patello-femoral pain syndrome. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial. It was conducted to compare the impact of open and closed kinetic chain exercises to strengthen the Vastus medialis obliqus in PFPS patients. For this purpose, 36 patients both males and females with age 20-40 years having PFPS were allocated randomly to two experimental (group A and group B) and one control group C. Group A, practised open kinetic chain exercises and the second group B practiced closed kinetic chain exercises, the control group C was given general physical therapy exercises, for four weeks. The assessment of Pain and function of the individual taking part in this study were was done before starting the treatment, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks, using Numerical Pain rating scale and Kujala Anterior knee pain scale, respectively. Results: In conclusion, significant changes i.e. in alleviating pain and enhancing overall functionality has been seen in Group B that performed closed kinetic chain exercises for about 4 weeks. Similarly, there was also a remarked change in pain reduction besides improved function in group A and group C. By comparing all the three groups, significant advantage has been noted with closed kinetic chain exercises as compared to open kinetic chain and conventional PT techniques. Conclusion: Although, both exercise regimens were significant in pain reduction and enhancing function, but close kinetic chain exercises produced remarkable effects. Keywords: Closed kinetic chain exercises, Function Open kinetic chain exercises, Pain, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, PFPS.
داء السكري يكشف التفوق الطبي للحضارة الإسلامية على الحضارات الإنسانية القديمة: دراسة تاريخية لأربعة آلاف سنة
Authors: الربيعان خالد علي
Published: June 2022

الملخص

إن المعرفة التراكمية للإنسان، من خلال الحضارات القديمة، أوصلت البشرية إلى ما هي عليه اليوم من تفوق علمي. وبما أن الحضارات لها مراحل كالإنسان: بداوة، ثم ازدهار، فتدهور، فإن تفوق بعضها يعكس دورها في التطور الإنساني، والنضوج العلمي. وتقدّم هذه الدراسة التحليلية مقارنةً حول دور الحضارات التي عاشت منذ أربعة آلاف سنة في فهم، وتشخيص، وعلاج داء السكري الذي عُرِفَ بعمقه في التاريخ البشري. واختيرت ست حضارات هي: الفرعونية، والهندية، واليونانية، والرومانية، والصينية، ثم الإسلامية بهذا التتابع، وفق معايير هذه الدراسة، لرصد ما تركته هذه الحضارات من كتابات، أو مؤلفات أو آثار تدل على معرفتها بهذا المرض وطرق تعاملها معه.

وكشفت هذه الدراسة معرفة جميع هذه الحضارات بداء السكري، حيث أطلقت عليه أسماء متعددة ومختلفة، إلا أنها اتفقت جميعًا على وصف أعراض المرض، المتمثلة بالعطش الشديد، وكثرة التبول، وفقدان الوزن. في حين لاحظ بعضها وجود مادة السكر في البول، إما من خلال تجمّع النمل أو الذباب، أو من خلال طعمه الحلو، فكانت طريقة التشخيص التي استخدمها الأطباء حينها. وكان لهذه الحضارات، كالحضارة الإسلامية، تميزٌ في ربط هذا الداء بمضاعفاته ومحاولة تفسير أسبابه. وقد كان هناك تفاوت كبير بين الحضارات في طرق العلاج، وإن اتفق معظمها على الحد من الطعام، وزيادة النشاط البدني. وفي هذا السياق، تفوقت الحضارة الإسلامية تفوقًا واضحًا في عدة مجالات، أولًا تنظيم مهنة الطب، وربطها بالقيم والأخلاق، ونشر المستشفيات لعلاج المرضى؛ وثانيًا إعداد الأطباء والعلماء الذين درسوا هذا المرض ووضعوا له طرق التشخيص والعلاج؛ ثالثًا إعداد المؤلفات التي وصفت المرض وقنّنت علاجه.

وإضافة إلى ما سبق، تُبرز دراسة تاريخ داء السكري في الحضارات القديمة تفوقَ الحضارة الإسلامية على الحضارات الأخرى في تعاملها مع الإنسان، وما يحتاجه للمحافظة على الصحة، ودور المجتمع المتمثل بالعلماء والأفراد في تقديم النموذج المتميز في خدمة البشرية، والرقي العلمي المنضبط بالقيم والأخلاق التي تحكم مهنة الطب.
MEMBANGUN IDENTITAS BANDAR LAMPUNG DENGAN MERANCANG TYPEFACE AKSARA LAMPUNG
Authors: Ahmad Faizal Fajar , Nur Muhammad Shani , Ahlunazar Maulana Iqbal
Published: June 2022

Lampung adalah sebuah provinsi yang terletak di bagian paling selatan pulau Sumatra Indonesia. Aksara Lampung merupakan simbol visual yang berguna untuk mengungkapkan ekspresi dalam Bahasa Lampung. Aksara menjadi bukti nyata peninggalan zaman dahulu untuk menyampaikan pesan dan informasi melalui visual. Aksara Lampung memiliki visualisasi yang khas dan memiliki bentuk karakter yang serupa. Pemanfaatan aksara Lampung yang memiliki nilai representasi yang tinggi masih terbatas dalam penerapannya pada media dan banyaknya yang tidak mengerti. Membangun identitas kota sangat diperlukan, karena identitas kota tidak hanya berbicara jati diri sebuah kota namun lebih luas. Disadari bahwa pembangunan kota beridentitas yang berbasis pada kekayaan lokal akan lebih banyak melibatkan peran masyarakatnya, dan hal tersebut akan berkait dengan sosial budaya masyarakatnya. Mengetahui suatu identitas kota perlu adanya informasi berupa tulisan atau tipografi. Contoh pemanfaatan aksara Lampung yang dapat dilakukan adalah upaya eksplorasi visual ke dalam bentuk produk budaya lain yang melekat dengan keseharian masyarakat. Produk budaya yang dapat dirancang adalah typeface yang menggunakan huruf latin. Perpaduan visual antara aksara Lampung dan huruf latin dapat menghasilkan karakteristik yang khas untuk menjadikan identitas. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menjadikan Typeface Aksara Lampung sebagai identitas dan informasi mengenai kota Bandar Lampung. Tujuan lainnya adalah untuk memberi pesan kepada pembaca untuk mengangkat budaya-budaya yang berada di Indonesia khususnya budaya yang berasal dari daerah untuk mengembangkan Aksara menjadi sebuah karya yang lebih baik.
EFFECTS OF NEOLIBERAL ECONOMY ON HOUSING MARKET IN TURKEY
Authors: GÜVEN İlkim
Published: June 2022

Housing could be defined as a shelter, a place where the needs of daily life are met, a living space for individuals. In countries such as Turkey, where the neoliberal economic model is implemented, housing; is seen as a “commodity” in addition to its functions. Considering the house as a commodity makes it an important economic subject. For this reason, the relationship between the economy and the housing market is important. In this study, the short-term effects of the neoliberal economic model, which is one of the determinants of the housing market in Turkey, between 2020:1 and 2021:9 were investigated. Changes in credit conditions, annual interest rates, demographic situation, and exchange rates in the aforementioned period; evaluated in the context of housing production and housing market within the conditions of the period. In the study, the effects of the neoliberal economic model on the housing market; Credit conditions, annual interest rates, demographics, and changes in exchange rates were interpreted with the support of literature review and statistical data. The main purpose of the study is to express that the continuity of any structure that does not meet the social needs is not possible for society.
Studi Potensi Ekonomi Di Sepuluh Desa Se-Kecamatan Kutai Pantai (Samboja, Muara Jawa & Anggana)
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar , Sabran Sabran
Published: June 2022

Abstrak :

Upaya untuk mengembangkan potensi ekonomi pada dasarnya diperlukan ketersediaan data dan informasi lapangan yang memadai. Data dan informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dan dari analisis yang cermat, selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan untuk menyusun strategi peningkatan ekonomi.

      Namun potensi yang dikandung oleh kawasan ini nampaknya belum terekam dalam bentuk data yang memadai. Data yang tersedia selama ini pada umumnya tidak disusun secara sistematis dan teratur. Demikian pula data-data dari BPS tidak menjangkau sampai ke Desa maupun Kelurahan secara lengkap.
Analisis Efektivitas Jalur Antrian Pada Sistem Transaksi PT. Pos Indonesia Di Tenggarong
Authors: Juwita Intan , Iskandar Iskandar , Ilham Ilham
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the application of the queuing system at the payment counter at PT. Pos Indonesia Tenggarong Branch. In this study, the analysis of the multiple line queuing system (M/M/S) was used. The problem that exists in this study is the fact that the queue conditions at the payment counter at PT. Pos Indonesia Tenggarong Branch at 08.30-10.30 is quite busy and at 11.30-12.30 it is not busy, so the application of a queuing system is very necessary to obtain an efficient number of teller services. The results of the analysis with two service servers, the time spent by a consumer in the system (Ws) the fastest is 1.39 minutes and the longest is 4.62 minutes. Meanwhile, by using three service servers, the time spent by a consumer in the fastest (Ws) system is 1.07 minutes and the longest is 3.51 minutes compared to the standard time of the post office company for 4 minutes of service. Operations become larger, with the addition of one service teller to three service tellers at the Post Office, it is declared ineffective because the Post Office must add service fees, while the number of people queuing in the system is still in the range of 1 or people queuing in the system and the time difference service is only 30 seconds to 1 minute apart.
Analisis Kontribusi Keuntungan Atas Produk Produk Pada Usaha Moulding Keramajaya Di Tenggarong (Penerapan Linear Programming Metode Simpleks)
Authors: Gafur Abdul , Erwinsyah Erwinsyah , S Syahruddin
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the production volume of the Keramajaya Muolding Business in Tenggarong was at the optimal point to generate maximum profit. The analytical tool used is the simplex method. The primary data used is the production costs incurred in carrying out product manufacturing activities in 2019. The results of the simplex method analysis show that during 2019 the Keramajaya Molding Business in Tenggarong generated gross sales of Rp. 282.850.000 (442 units of product) consisting of 182 units of doors, 126 windows and 134 units of frame with a net profit of Rp. 36,110,000. The results of the analysis of the calculation of the simplex method obtained optimal gross sales of Rp. 220,000,000 (220 units all doors) with a net profit of Rp. 29,700,000. From these two comparisons, it can be concluded that the production of the Keramajaya Molding Business in Tenggarong in 2019 was optimal because it generated profits above Rp. 29,700,000. So that the first hypothesis in the study is accepted because it is proven true.
Kemiskinan Dan Reorientasi Pemikiran Ekonomi
Authors: Iskandar Iskandar
Published: June 2022

There were hundreds of programs nowadays that were carried out for weak and poor groups. Respectively the Department of the government had various programs for these weak and poor groups. However, according to Prof. Mubyarto’s statement that was very rare today not the matter of the fund but the matter of the interest in the poor group. The standard measurement of the interest definitely not in the volume and the number of voices like in the General Election campaign, but his actualization. In this case, the social interest not only came from the government but also from all over the social stratum.

 

Key Word : Kemiskinan, Reorientasi
Flower structure and fruit ontogeny of Richardia brasiliensis Gomes and Diodia radula (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl. (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Souza Luiz Antonio de , Lemos Giuliana Franklin , Bortolatto Amanda Rodrigues , Oliveira Jonathas Henrique Georg de
Published: June 2022

Richardia brasiliensis Gomes e Diodia radula (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl. are species of Rubiaceae belonging to the tribe Spermacoceae which has taxonomic and phylogenetic problems. The present work was an attempt to reveal structural and ontogenetic characters of the flowers and fruits of both species, which could be useful in the taxonomy of the tribe. Flowers and fruits at different stages of development were analyzed according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. Characters such as sepal structure, gynoecium morphology, mericarp number and morphology, exocarp pubescence, septum structure and sclerenchyma structure on the adaxial surface of the carpel can be interesting in the characterization of genera and species of the Spermacoceae tribe.
Análise e recontextualização na construção da BNCC do Ensino Médio: intencionalidades no documento e influência de fundações
Authors: Ribas Cristina , Urban Ana Claudia
Published: June 2022

Este artigo visa apresentar algumas análises iniciais que fazem parte de estudos da tese de doutoramento sobre estudos curriculares da BNCC do Ensino Médio, possíveis impactos ocasionados pelas modificações de concepções educacionais presentes no documento, que orientam por uma perspectiva hegemônica da educação, sem primar pelo conhecimento científico sistematizado ao sujeito estudante da escola pública, o qual o document tendo influência de institutos e fundações visam mão-de-obra e formação mercantil, ocasioando falhas na formação emancipadora, diante do viés de discursos pautados na recontextualização e reinterpretação intencionais de termos tão caros à educação.
Expressing Uzbek neologisms in Japanese and Korean languages and using them in literary works as a concept
Authors: Amanullayeva Kamola Muminovna , Kizi Shuhratova Visola Jamshid , Botirovna Murodova Vazira , Khudoyberdieva Zamona Salohiddinovna
Published: June 2022

In this article, along with the definition to the concept of neologism, neologisms and their translations and meanings, in Eastern languages, especially in Japanese and Korean languages, their meanings are widely explained on the basis of examples. At the same time, neologism was divided into species, each of which was given samples and studied. In addition, the usage of neologisms as a concept in fictions. And there are multiple concepts given as an example.
Analisis Kebijakan dan Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 pada Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional
Authors: Anjayani Dina
Published: June 2022

The Minister of Health Regulation (PMK) Number 16 of 2019 concerning Fraud Prevention in the National Health Insurance Program (JKN) as a substitute for Minister of Health Regulation Number 36 of 2015 is still being evaluated and studied in its implementation. According to the mandate of PMK Number 16 of 2019, there is still the possibility of fraud in the implementation of JKN that has not been demonstrated and followed up on by the Fraud Prevention Team (TPF). Analyze PMK policy Number 16 of 2019 and investigate for other policy options so that their implementation works properly. The Bardach Criteria are used in the study to weight the alternative policy options that will be recommended next. The analysis result indicated that PMK Number 16 of 2019 is still stagnant, and optimizing the JKN TPF function is more feasible at this time, particularly that the PMK revision will require more time and be more complicated.
Employee Opinion: Studi Deskriptif tentang Keterikatan, Kepuasan dan Komitmen Kerja Pegawai BPJS Kesehatan
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Prasetyo Rizky Fajar , Afrizayanti  , Abdullah Andi Afdal
Published: June 2022

Transformasi manajemen sumber daya manusia (SDM) mendorong setiap organisasi atau perusahaan untuk memposisikan pegawai sebagai sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki sebagai salah satu faktor kunci pendorong keberhasilan. Saat ini pegawai tidak lagi dinilai sebagai sumber daya (resource) yang akan habis pada waktu tertentu, namun dinilai sebagai aset (capital) yang akan bertambah nilainya seiring bertambahnya waktu. BPJS Kesehatan sebagai organisasi yang menempatkan fungsi manajemen SDM sebagai salah satu aspek strategis melakukan berbagai upaya meningkatkan produktivitas pegawai. Tidak hanya melalui perbaikan kebijakan, sistem, proses kerja dan perlengkapan kerja yang digunakan, namun juga peningkatan fokus pada pengelolaan SDM yang lebih optimal. Pegawai sebagai individu yang bekerja di BPJS Kesehatan tidak hanya dianggap sebagai pekerja yang harus selalu berhasil mencapai target (business orientation) namun juga dipandang sebagai individu yang memiliki aspek-aspek personal yang harus diperhatikan dan dikelola dengan baik (people orientation). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian Employee Opinion Survey (EOS) dengan tujuan memperoleh opini pegawai untuk mendapatkan informasi potensi perbaikan dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas kerja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks keterikatan kerja (employee engagement index) sebesar 91,80%, indeks kepuasan kerja (employee satisfaction index) sebesar 92,35% dan indeks komitmen kerja (employee commitment index) sebesar 94,30%.

Kata kunci: Opini pegawai, keterikatan kerja, kepuasan kerja, komitmen kerja
Contexto legal y normativo del grafiti en la imagen del espacio urbano: Centroamérica y México
Authors: Morales Cuadra Gema Margarita
Published: June 2022

Cuando se habla de imagen urbana se trata de una de las grandes tareas del proceso de ordenamiento territorial y desarrollo urbano y por tanto se refiere a ciertas funciones públicas obligatorias de las autoridades para crear y aplicar las normas en esta materia, así como controlar y vigilar el cumplimiento de las mismas. Cuando se abordan los elementos del paisaje urbano (edificaciones, vialidad, plazas y monumentos) no solo se está tratando con la imagen urbana sino que existe una íntima relación con las expresiones artísticas urbanas contemporáneas. Pero, ¿existe una legislación y normativa que permita un equilibrio entre los planes de desarrollo urbano y las expresiones espontáneas del arte urbano? El grafiti como una de las expresiones más frecuentes de este tipo en Centroamérica y México ha enfrentado diversos conflictos con el espacio urbano y es por eso que se cuestiona si existen pautas para poder dialogar con él dentro del espacio urbano. Los datos registrados sobre los países de la región que si le han dado oportunidad de expresión o lo han sancionado, se alinean o contraponen a las evidencias de sus exponentes y las diversas maneras de interactuar en los contextos sociales.
Diagnóstico Situacional de la Violencia Social en el Estudiantado que Pertenece a Grupos Vulnerables del Centro Universitario Regional de San Pedro Sula
Authors: Bulnes García Paola Carolina , Pineda Reyes Guillermo Arnoldo
Published: June 2022

La investigación consiste en un diagnóstico sobre la violencia social que enfrenta el estudiantado perteneciente a grupos vulnerables del Centro Universitario Regional de San Pedro Sula (CURSPS). El tema como tal ocupa amplios debates en la literatura internacional y en los campos académicos de las distintas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales y de las humanidades. El estudio se enmarca en el enfoque mixto, haciendo uso de la técnica del grupo de discusión y del cuestionario; el tipo de estudio se define como descriptivo, pero con una profundidad interpretativa; el diseño es de tipo no experimental porque no se pretende manipular variables. Los resultados apuntan a que, en el Centro Universitario Regional de San Pedro Sula, se manifiestan diversos tipos de violencia como el acoso sexual y la violencia verbal. Además, la percepción social de los estudiantes sobre los esfuerzos que realiza la Dirección de Servicios Estudiantiles (DISE) y otras unidades académicas respecto a la inclusión social de los grupos vulnerables es negativa. Por último, la muestra considera que existen estigmas y estereotipos hacia la población étnica y otros colectivos como la diversidad sexual, pues existen estudiantes que excluirían a un compañero(a) a su grupo de trabajo si éste tiene una orientación sexual diferente a la heterosexual.
Análisis de Organizaciones Matemáticas en torno a la Gráfica de Funciones en Libros de Referencia en Costa Rica y Honduras
Authors: Turcios Carrazco Uzzy Merary , Romero Camacho Flavia María , Araya Chacón Andrea María
Published: June 2022

Este documento muestra un extracto de un proyecto de investigación que involucró el análisis de la actividad matemática en torno a la enseñanza del tema “graficación de funciones”, en un curso para futuros docentes de matemáticas en Costa Rica y Honduras. Se hace énfasis en las Organizaciones Matemáticas (OM) presentes en el libro de texto de referencia utilizado en los cursos Álgebra II, Introducción a las Funciones e Introducción a la Matemática. Para realizar el análisis se hace uso de las herramientas que proporciona la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD). Dentro de los principales hallazgos resaltamos que se identificaron los mismos tipos de tarea en ambos libros de texto, sin embargo, existe una diferencia significativa en el desarrollo de las técnicas. En cuanto al bloque tecnológico-teórico, resaltamos que se muestra impactado por las condiciones institucionales.
First use of MRI-guided focused ultrasound to treat patients with essential tremor in Russia
Authors: Galimova Rezida M. , Nabiullina Dinara I. , Illarioshkin Sergey N. , Safin Shamil M. , Sidorova Yulia A. , Akhmadeeva Gulnara N. , Mukhamadeeva Nailya R. , Zagidullin Naufal Sh. , Kachemaeva Olga V. , Krekotin Dmitriy K. , Buzaev Igor V.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Treatment with MRI-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a new, non-invasive surgical technique for treating extrapyramidal movement disorders. This article presents the first use of MRgFUS in Russia for treating patients with essential tremor (ET).
Materials and methods. Patients (n = 26; 17 men and 9 women) aged 2182 years (median age 46.0 years) and with severe and refractory ET, underwent MRgFUS thalamotomy (ExAblate 4000, Insightec). One side was treated in 22 patients (left thalamus in 18 and right thalamus in 6), both sides were treated concurrently in two patients, and both sides were treated consecutively in two patients. Tremor was assessed using the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (CRST). Because international clinical specialists could not visit Russia due to the COVID-19 pandemic, MRgFUS was performed via telehealth on May 5, 2020, in a world first.
Results. A satisfactory result was achieved in 25 (96%) out of 26 patients. CRST scores improved by 64.7% on the side of the operation, by 10.2% on the control side, and by 37.5% overall. Intraoperative side effects included headache during sonication (42.3%), vertigo (15.4%), nausea (11.5%), vomiting (7.7%), numbness (3.8%), ataxia (3.8%), and pathological response to cold exposure (3.8%). The symptoms resolved immediately after surgery. Unstable gait was noted in five patients, which completely resolved two weeks after surgery. Median postoperative follow-up duration was 109 days [53; 231], with a maximum of 625 days. No relapses (if the hyperkinesia had completely disappeared) or increased tremor (if reduced after surgery) were observed.
Conclusion. The efficacy of MRgFUS for ET was 96%, with no long-term complications. Both bilateral concurrent and bilateral consecutive MRgFUS thalamotomy is possible, but its efficacy and safety should be assessed in a randomized study. In a world first, MRgFUS was successfully implemented using telehealth.
Current understanding of neurostimulation for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bril Ekaterina V. , Belova Elena M. , Sedov Aleksey S. , Gamaleya Anna A. , Poddubskaya Anna A. , Fedorova Natalia V. , Tomskiy Аleksey A.
Published: June 2022

Specific mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of neurostimulation in Parkinson's disease remain a topic of discussion and intense study. Understanding these mechanisms can serve as the foundation for developing and selecting more effective parameters to relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, maximize the advantages, and reduce the adverse effects and need for surgical intervention. The article discusses existing models of motor control in the basal ganglia in healthy individuals and in PD from the point of view of neuromodulation (changes in the impulse flow model, oscillatory model), as well as the current understanding of the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS): the block depolarization hypothesis, neural interference hypothesis, synaptic depression hypothesis, synaptic modulation hypothesis, and the DBS astrocytes hypothesis. Factors such as DBS location and neurostimulation parameters, affecting the clinical outcome, are considered in detail. The neuroprotective effect of DBS is also touched on.
Features of residual brain activity in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness on resting-state functional MRI
Authors: Legostaeva Liudmila A. , Kremneva Elena I. , Sinitsyn Dmitry O. , Iazeva Elizaveta G. , Sergeev Dmitry V. , Poydasheva Alexandra G. , Bakulin Ilya S. , Lagoda Dmitry Yu. , Sergeeva Anastasia N. , Morozova Sofya N. , Ryabinkina Yulia V. , Krotenkova Marina V. , Suponeva Natalia A. , Piradov Michail A.
Published: June 2022

Introduction. Rapid advances in critical care medicine have led to an increased survival rate of patients with severe brain damage and, consequently, to an increased prevalence of chronic disorders of consciousness (CDC). The lack of or fluctuations in signs of consciousness, which accompany the restoration of alertness after recovery from coma, indicate whether the type of CDC is a vegetative state or minimally conscious state. Correct diagnosis determines not only the rehabilitation outcome but also the economic outlook for a particular patient. However, the subjective nature of signs of consciousness, which are identified during clinical examination using neurological scales, is a common cause of diagnostic errors. The study of spontaneous activity using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has helped to identify resting state networks. The default mode network (DMN) is one of the most studied brain networks. Its signal can change or be absent in patients with various types of CDC. Purpose. To study the signal of residual spontaneous brain activity in patients with CDC at rest. Materials and methods. Twenty-two patients with permanent CDC underwent resting state fMRI as an additional tool in the differential diagnosis between vegetative state and minimally conscious state at the Research Centre of Neurology. Results. It was found that the nature of the signal coming from anatomical regions that are part of the DMN changes when signs of consciousness emerge. Conclusion. These changes confirm that resting state fMRI is an important additional tool for differential diagnosis of CDC types. Accumulating knowledge about the brain's functional state helps us to expand our overall understanding of the nature of consciousness.
In Search of an Alternative to the Liberal Democratic Party. The Case of Akai Ohi’s Electoral Campaign in 2021 Japanese General Election
Authors: Dornetti Filippo
Published: June 2022

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) won the Lower House Elections, held on October 31, 2021. The Japanese Party obtained an undisputed victory after a year of harsh criticism addressed to the Suga Cabinet, run by the then LDP party chief, for his ineffective management of the Pandemic crisis. How can the long and almost unchallenged rule of the LDP over Japanese politics, from its foundation in 1955 to the last electoral success, be explained? This paper addresses the topic from an historical perspective, focusing on dr. Akai Ohi’s political campaign in the last General elections. Dr. Ohi (1980) is a Japanese political scientist who ran as a candidate for the Constitutional Democratic Party, the main opposition party, in the second constituency of Hiroshima Region, one of the LDP historical strongholds. The cornerstone of his political campaign was the establishment of the electoral alliance with the Communists in his constituency. The dialogue with dr. Ohi reported in this article explores his experience as a candidate and his analysis as a political scientist.
Longitudinal analysis of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis full-sibling progenies based on multivariate analysis
Authors: Ishibashi Vanessa , Flores-Junior Paulo C. , Martinez Diego T. , Coelho Alexandre S. G. , Higa Antonio R.
Published: June 2022

Aim of study: To define an early selection strategy based on tests applied to full-sibling progenies of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis grown in the Cerrado Biome. Area of study: Prata region (MG), Brazil. Material and methods: Progeny tests were cultivated in 2006; the study followed a completely randomized design, with 79 families of full-siblings and 15 repetitions, with one plant per plot. Thinning was carried out at the age of 6 and 8 years; 615 individuals and 44 families were included in the test. The following quantitative variables were used in the statistical analysis of data on the remaining individuals: diameter at breast height (DBH) in cm, total height (H) in m, and volume in dm³ at the age of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 years. BLUP multi-trait multivariate model, with non-structured covariance structure matrix, was adopted for calculations. Main results: There were strong additive genetic correlations (above 90%) between variables DBH and H, in all analyzed ages. Strong volume correlations were estimated based on the age group over four years; volume selection efficiency reached its peak at the age of five years.  Selection based on volume at the age of 5 years leads to genetic gains in this variable; selection intensity values can range from 7.8% to 6.4% and 5.4%, and from 10% to 20% and 30%. Research highlights: The best strategy lies on carrying out the selections at the age of five years, based on 30% selection intensity.
THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF BRITISH ISLES AND ITS FIRST PEOPLE
Authors: AŞAN Ahmet Melih
Published: June 2022

The historical geography of Britain and its first peoples are discussed with the geographical perspective provided by the concepts of "Atlantic Europe" and "Western Europe". Humbly, this study aims to contribute to the expansion of the geographical perception of England through the axis of Western European historical geography in Turkish historiography by using the light of studies on the prehistoric period. Throughout the centuries, the British Isles served as an important transit station for the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea routes as a nodal point in the north of the European mainland. In this context, Britain’s regional geography has been scrutinized by centered on the strategic location of the Island within the transportation networks. Secondly, The Celts -first known settled community of the British Isles- provided the opportunity to evaluate the population of the island through the phenomenon of migration in the prehistory period from the upper scale perspective of regional geography. The Celts, who were adept at processing iron, maintained their settlements in the British Isles for many years under the influence of this tool-equipment power that determined the superiority of other communities. Furthermore, Celts have been the subject of ethnic origin studies since the age of Nationalism. In the light of the findings, the Celts genetically influenced the red-haired tough-looking breed in Ireland and western Scotland with their dark, curly-haired typologies. It was concluded that most of the blond population in the British population came from Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian ancestors. The extensive presence of the Celts in Western Europe helps us to perceive Britain’s regional geography and reveals the historical phenomenon of geographical transitivity.
BYZANTINE-CRUSADE CONFLICT IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN (ANTAKYA EXAMPLE)
Authors: İNCE Fatma
Published: June 2022

Haçlıların, haçlı seferlerini başlatmalarının en önemli itici güçlerinden birisi Peçenekler, Selçuklular ve Çaka Beyliği (1081-1093) tarafından sürekli sıkıştırılan Bizans Devleti’nin Batı’dan istemiş olduğu yardımdır. Ancak Bizans Devleti, Batı’dan bu yardımı isterken düşüncesi çok farklıydı. Onlar, haçlılardan paralı asker olarak yararlanabileceklerini, Selçuklulara karşı kaybetmiş oldukları toprakları onlar sayesinde yeniden elde edebileceklerini, işleri bittiğinde de haçlıların ülkelerine geri döneceklerini düşünüyorlardı. Yaşanan hadiseler, haçlıların Anadolu’ya sadece Bizans’a yardım etmek için değil aynı zamanda burada toprak kazanarak, yerleşmeye geldiklerini göstermiştir. Nitekim I. Haçlı Seferi sonrası kurulan haçlı kontlukları haçlıların bu niyetlerinin en bariz göstergesidir. Ayrıca onların düzenlemiş olduğu her sefer Bizans İmparatorluğu’nun parçalanması süreci haline gelmişti. Dolayısıyla da Bizans Devleti, haçlıların iyi niyetli olmadıklarını fehmedince ilk seferden itibaren onlara karşı bir takım önlemler almak zorunda kalmışlardır. Almış oldukları bu önlemler haçlıları oldukça zor durumda bırakmış bundan dolayı haçlılarda Bizans’a karşı bir nefret meydana gelmiştir. Haçlı seferleri öncesinde Bizans Devleti’nin batılılar, batılıların da Bizans Devleti hakkında çok fazla fikir sahibi olduğunu söylememiz oldukça zor. Bizanslıların ve batılıların bir arada yaşadıkları Güney İtalya gibi yerler haricinde iki taraf arasındaki ilişkiler genellikle paralı asker, elçi, tüccar, seyyah gibi unsurlar sayesindeydi. Bunlar vasıtasıyla gerçekleşen ikili ilişkilerde haçlılar Bizanslıları “korkak ve kadınsı”, Bizanslılar da batılıları “barbar” olarak tanımlamaktaydılar. Bu çalışmada Doğu Akdeniz’de Bizans-Haçlı çatışması, Antalya örneği bağlamında incelenecektir.
The Effects of Mobile Blended Active Language Learning on the English Critical Reading Skills of High School Students in Thailand
Authors: Yang Yang , Dibyamandala Jarunee , Mangkhang Charin
Published: June 2022

Due to the tumultuous COVID-19 pandemic, the use of advanced technology in language education is currently on the rise, with English education being no exception. Simultaneously, the advancement and expansion of technology provide English as a foreign language students with multiple channels and opportunities to reinforce the four skills of English (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) to varying degrees both inside and outside the classroom. While previous studies have highlighted the feasibility and sustainability of blended learning in facilitating English skills, few studies have investigated the impact of mobile blended active language learning (MBALL) on promoting the English critical reading skills of Thai high school students. In hopes of filling this gap, the present study used both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to investigate the effects of MBALL on improving Thai high school students' English critical reading skills and their opinions on the use of MBALL. Pre- and post-tests were used to compare the students' critical reading scores before and after the MBALL implementation. A questionnaire was used to determine the students’ opinions on the use of MBALL, and individual semi-structured interviews were employed to obtain more-detailed information. The results of the tests revealed that the Thai high school students' English critical reading skills had improved after implementation of the MBALL curriculum. Furthermore, the findings of the questionnaire and interviews suggested that the Thai high school students were enthusiastic about the use of MBALL.
The effect of Anatolian syrup on experimentally induced acetaminophen and lipopolysaccharide associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Erdoğan Düzcü Selma , Çetinkaya Ayhan , Efe Muhammet , Kayış Seyit Ali , Bekdaş Mervan , Yoldaş Meyri Arzu , Tırınk Ömer Faruk , Kocabey Hüseyin
Published: June 2022

Aim: Acute kidney injury develops as a result of various etiologies and pathological mechanisms, with a high mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Anatolian syrup on histopathological variables in experimentally induced acetaminophen and lipopolysaccharide associated acute kidney injury.Methods: In this study, 5 groups were formed using 40 male Wistar albino rats (200-220g, 2-4 months old), as follows: Sham, acetaminophen (1 g/kg intraperitoneal (ip)), 3) lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip), acetaminophen (1 g/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally), and lipopolysaccharide (5 mg/kg ip) + Anatolian syrup (15 days orally).Tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization in tubular epithelial cells, tubular epithelial cell necrosis, interstitial inflammation, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage and loss of brushy border were evaluated histopathologically semiquantitatively using scoring from 0 to 5.Results: In histopathological variables, tubular atrophy, tubular dilatation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, necrosis, congestion, hemorrhage, glomerular damage, and loss of brushy border were significantly reduced in the acetaminophen + Anatolian syrup group compared to the acetaminophen group and in the lipopolysaccharide + Anatolian syrup group compared to the lipopolysaccharide group (p
112 ACİL YARDIM İSTASYONLARININ MEMNUNİYET, VERİMLİLİK, GÜVENLİK VE PERFORMANS AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRME ÖLÇEĞİNİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ VE UYGULAMA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: UYSAL İbrahim , SEVİNÇ POSTACI Emine , ÇELİK Nebi , YAVUZ Fatih , GÜR Mehmet , PARLAK Furkan
Published: June 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, çalışan personel görüşleri ile 112 acil yardım istasyonlarının memnuniyet, verimlilik, güvenlik ve performans açısından değerlendirilmesi için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Betimsel tarzda yapılandırılan çalışmada aday ölçek maddelerinin elde edilmesi için 112 acil yardım istasyonlarında görevli 50 personelden açık uçlu soru uygulaması ile 44 maddeden oluşan soru havuzu elde edilmiştir. İlk uygulamada 112 acil yardım istasyonunda görev yapan 414 çalışandan elde edilen verilerle açıklayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik analizi, ikinci uygulamada 230 çalışandan elde edilen verilerle doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen bağımsız dört ölçek ile yapılan örnek uygulamadan elde edilen skorlarla katılımcıların demografik özellikleri karşılaştırma testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 26,0 ve AMOS istatistik yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 59 faklı ilde görev yapan toplam 644 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır.Bulgular: Araştırmanın ilk aşamasında oluşturulan anket formu içerisinden bağımsız dört ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Ölçek alt boyutları açısından bakıldığında güvenilirlik değerleri memnuniyet alt boyutu için 0,878; verimlilik alt boyutu için 0,856; performans alt boyutu için 0,825 ve güvenlik alt boyutu için 0,935 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında geliştirilen dört bağımsız ölçeğin 112 acil yardım istasyonlarını memnuniyet, verimlilik, performans ve güvenlik açısından geçerli ve güvenilir biçimde ölçtüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. 112 acil yardı istasyonunda görev yapan personelin cinsiyetleri, unvanları ve görev süreleri ile 112 acil yardım istasyonlarının sağladığı performans, memnuniyet, verimlilik ve güvenlik boyutları ölçek puanları ile anlamlı bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05).Sonuç: Geliştirilen ölçek, bu konudaki literatüre ve 112 acil yardım istasyonlarının güvenlik, performans, verimlilik ve memnuniyet açısından geliştirilmesine yönelik çalışmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.
Historia y legado de un Núcleo de Investigación en la Educación Matemática venezolana: El NIEM
Authors: Martínez Angélica María , Iglesias Marta , Rodríguez Idais
Published: June 2022

El Núcleo de Investigación en Educación Matemática “Dr. Emilio Medina” (NIEM), del Instituto Pedagógico “Rafael Alberto Escobar Lara” de Maracay, ha tenido como eje central, por una parte fomentar la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Matemática y por otra, apoyar la consolidación de la Educación Matemática en Venezuela. En relación a esto, se presenta la historia y legado del NIEM con el propósito de preservar y continuar los procesos de investigación que se han dado en este núcleo. Por tal motivo, bajo un enfoque descriptivo y documental, en este escrito se reportan varios aspectos, entre ellos: cómo surgió este núcleo, las actividades y producción realizadas a través de las líneas de investigación adscritas, matizado con las experiencias narradas por algunos de sus miembros, en reportes también tomados de su fundador, el Dr. Fredy González; y por el análisis, dado a los informes de gestión de años anteriores, se resalta en conclusión, la importancia del NIEM dentro de nuestra comunidad de educadores matemáticos en su formación permanente como investigadores, sobrepasando el período de pandemia, continua siendo un espacio dinamizador de nuevos retos, donde se promueve el conocimiento, el trabajo en equipo y las buenas relaciones personales e institucionales.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS EASE OF INTUBATION WITH C-MAC VS DIRECT LARYNGOSCOPE, WHEN USED FOR INTUBATION WITH CLEAR PLASTIC DRAPES OVER MAYO STAND FOR IN COVID NEGATIVE PATIENTS DURING A PANDEMIC IN RESOURCE LIMITED SETTING
Authors: Bharambe Poonam , Narkhede Harsha , Saravankumar Khalki
Published: June 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the time to endotracheal intubation, First-pass success when intubating with C-MAC and Direct laryngoscope with clear plastic drapes over a mayo stand.
Standard anaesthesia machine and monitors Drugs for pre-medication & general anaesthesia Anatomical face masks, video laryngoscope with blades 3 & 4 Macintosh blade 3 & 4, endotracheal cuffed tubes, Bougie, Clear plastic sheets, Mayo stand.
Mayo stands containment setup is suspended over the patient’s head, neck and chest. The necessary Anaesthesia equipment required for intubation will be kept inside the containment setup. General anaesthesia induced with fentanyl, Propofol & Succinylcholine. C- Mac laryngoscope with appropriate size blade will be kept with Group A patients, while Direct laryngoscope with appropriate size blade will be kept with Group B patients.
The mean duration of intubation in secs was longer in Group B compared to group A ( 27.47 sec vs 21.4 sec). Based on the intubation difficulty scale score, Group B had more second attempts needed (26.67%) than Group A 6.67%) and also the second operator required in (16.67% vs 3.33%) Group B compared to Group A (p<0.05).
Based on CL grades among Group B vs Group A a statistically significant association was observed in relation to grade 1 (63.33%vs93.34%), Grade2a ( 23.34% vs 3.33%) and grade 2b ( 13.33%vs3.33%).
We conclude that intubation with a C-MAC laryngoscope has a better glottis view, takes a lesser duration, and lesser number of attempts required for successful intubation when compared to that of the Macintosh laryngoscopy with a plastic drape on a mayo trolley.