bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aquaporin‐4 activation facilitates glymphatic system function and hematoma clearance post‐intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Wenchao , Liang Chuntian , Peng Shasha , Bao Shuangjin , Xue Fang , Lian Xia , Liu Yinghong , Wang Gaiqing
Published: November 2024

Efficient clearance of hematomas is crucial for improving clinical outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The glymphatic system, facilitated by aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), plays a crucial role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) entry and metabolic waste clearance. This study examined the role of the glymphatic system in ICH pathology, with a focus on AQP4. Collagenase‐induced ICH models were established, with AQP4 expression regulated through mifepristone as an agonist, TGN‐020 as an inhibitor, and Aqp4 gene knockout. Fluorescence tracing and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were employed to observe glymphatic system functionality, hematoma, and edema volumes. Neurological deficit scoring was performed using the modified Garcia Scale. AQP4 expression was quantified using RT‐qPCR and Western blotting, and cellular localization was explored using immunofluorescence. The brain tissue sections were examined for neuronal morphology, degenerative changes, and iron deposition. Three days post‐ICH, the AQP4 agonist group showed increased AQP4 protein expression and perivascular polarization, decreased hemoglobin levels, and reduced iron deposition. Conversely, the inhibition group exhibited contrasting trends. AQP4 activation improved glymphatic system function, leading to a wider distribution, improved neurological function, and reduced hematoma. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout of AQP4 have opposing effects. The glymphatic system, facilitated by AQP4, plays a crucial role in hematoma clearance following cerebral hemorrhage. Upregulation of AQP4 improves glymphatic system function, facilitates hematoma clearance, and promotes brain tissue recovery.
Macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Hou Ningxin , Zhou Hongmin , Li Jun , Xiong Xiaoxing , Deng Hongping , Xiong Sizheng
Published: November 2024

Background

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a macrovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The limitation of the current management is that most patients can only be followed up until the AAA diameter increases to a threshold, and surgical intervention is recommended. The development of preventive and curative drugs for AAA is urgently needed. Macrophage‐mediated immune inflammation is one of the key pathological links in the occurrence and development of AAA.

Aims

This review article aims to evaluate the impact of immunometabolism on macrophage biology and its role in AAA.

Methods

We analyze publications focusing on the polarization and metabolic reprogramming in macrophages as well as their potential impact on AAA, and summarize the potential interventions that are currently available to regulate these processes.

Results

The phenotypic and functional changes in macrophages are accompanied by significant alterations in metabolic pathways. The interaction between macrophage polarization and metabolic pathways significantly influences the progression of AAA.

Conclusion

Macrophage polarization is a manifestation of the gross dichotomy of macrophage function into pro‐inflammatory killing and tissue repair, that is, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. Macrophage functions are closely linked to metabolic changes, and the emerging field of immunometabolism is providing unique insights into the role of macrophages in AAA. It is essential to further investigate the precise metabolic changes and their functional consequences in AAA‐associated macrophages.
Key imaging perspectives on Achilles tendon tears—A radiological roadmap: Pictorial essay
Authors: Patle Amit , Srirambhatla Annapurna , Arora Abhishek J. , Lakkireddy Maheshwar , Velladurai Madhavan , Maley Deepak Kumar , Kapoor Mohit
Published: November 2024

Achilles tendon tears (ATT) are commonly encountered in clinical practice although it is the strongest tendon in the body. ATT are reported to occur in 0.04% of the population annually. ATT may result from high impact sports trauma such as sudden dorsiflexion while weight bearing or repeated microtrauma to a compromised tendon. Multiple factors can decrease the tensile strength of the tendon predisposing it to rupture. The treatment approach for ATT is multifaceted, dependent on factors such as the degree of tear, distance between the retracted portions, tear location, and also on patient factors such as occupation and underlying predisposing factors. In this pictorial essay, we present the imaging features of normal Achilles tendon and in ATT across different modalities and outline essential reporting criteria for ATT.
Superb Microvascular Imaging Is Better Than Power Doppler Ultrasound in Diagnosing Subclinical Synovitis in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis in Remission
Authors: Kurtulus Ozturk Esin , Kelesoglu Dincer Ayse Bahar , Ozturk Saffet
Published: November 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the value and reliability of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in detecting subclinical synovial inflammation in patients with inflammatory arthritis.

Methods

All patients with inflammatory arthritis who had achieved clinical remission were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated with SMI and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Subclinical synovitis was graded by a semiquantitative score (0–3) for each imaging method. Imaging findings and synovitis scores were compared between the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group and non‐RA group.

Results

Eighty RA patients with 270 joints and 38 non‐RA patients with 112 joints were recruited. In all patients, the remission rates of SMI and PDUS were 73.7% and 79.7%, respectively. The remission rates by SMI were found lower and the sensitivity of SMI was higher than PDUS in both RA and non‐RA groups. Compared with PDUS, the number of joint count with synovial vascular flow signals was found to be significantly higher in SMI in each group (p < 0.001). Moreover, semiquantitative ultrasound scores were found significantly higher with SMI in each joint (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SMI appears to be better than PDUS in detecting synovial signals in terms of joint number and vascularity scoring in monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory arthritis in clinical remission. Future research should focus on SMI and new ultrasound‐based activity scores to identify and achieve true remission.
The composition and mode of delivery of diabetes‐related footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand): A systematic review
Authors: Al Husaini Maasooma , Searle Angela , Chuter Vivienne
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Diabetes‐related foot disease (DFD) is a significant and costly complication of diabetes in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Diabetes footcare education is considered a cornerstone of DFD prevention and management, with podiatrists playing a key role in education provision. This systematic review evaluated the nature and composition of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists to people living with diabetes in Australia and NZ.

Methods

Medline, EBSCO, Megafile Ultimate and Cochrane library databases were conducted from inception until January 31, 2024 to identify studies reporting on the mode of delivery and composition, including frequency, of diabetes footcare education provided to people with diabetes by podiatrists in Australia and NZ.

Results

From a total of 226 abstracts screened, 4 studies with 878 participants were included. Three studies were from Australia and 1 from NZ. Studies included podiatrists in both private and public health sectors and used cross‐sectional web‐based surveys or observation. Components of diabetes footcare education included education on neuropathy and vascular foot health, footwear and general foot health/hygiene. This education was provided by podiatrists from both countries routinely. Verbal education was the most frequently used method of delivery. There was no significant difference between content, mode of delivery and frequency of diabetes footcare education between private and public practitioners in either country. No studies reported on culturally responsive content or education delivery methods.

Conclusion

There are little available data on the composition or mode of delivery of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and NZ to people living with diabetes. A range of footcare education is provided, most frequently verbally. Further qualitative research is required to conclusively establish the composition and delivery methods used for diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists. In addition, the provision of culturally responsive diabetes footcare education and availability of related culturally responsive supporting resources is yet to be established.
HLA‐B*15 Is Associated With SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection in a Brazilian Population
Authors: Facco João V. , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Duarte Adriana da Silva Santos , Zangirolami Audrey B. , Benites Bruno D. , Saad Sara T. O.
Published: November 2024

Studies have suggested an association between polymorphisms in class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex, specifically the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2. To explore this, 135 individuals with positive serological tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 were recruited. All the samples were collected before the advent of vaccines, avoiding immunization effects. Participants were divided into high and low neutralizing antibody titer groups, and polymorphisms in HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 genes were examined using PCR‐SSO. Allele prevalence in the study population was compared to the National Bone Marrow Volunteer Donors Register (REDOME) in São Paulo and between the high and low titer groups within the study population. Results indicated that the HLA‐B*15 polymorphism was more prevalent in the COVID‐19 positive group compared to the control population (COVID‐19 = 0.1370; Control = 0.0875; p = 0.0067). The HLA‐B*18 polymorphism was less prevalent in the COVID‐19 group (COVID‐19 = 0.0185; Control = 0.0534; p = 0.0064). Additionally, the HLA‐A*30 polymorphism was more prevalent in the high titer group within the (high = 0.10937; low = 0.02816; p = 0.0125). Other polymorphisms showed no significant differences. These findings align with international studies, suggesting these genes plays a role in COVID‐19 pathophysiology, however, further research is required to fully understand their impact.
The 2024 Outbreak of Parvovirus B19 as a Global Obstetrical Threat Insights From an Obstetrics Referral Center in Northern Italy
Authors: Tassis Beatrice , Testa Lea , Pampo Fulvia , Boito Simona , Tiso Giulia , Accurti Veronica , Cetin Irene , Persico Nicola
Published: November 2024

A significant increase in Parvovirus B 19 (B19V) infections has been reported in the last months in some European countries. This outbreak could be highly detrimental for pregnant women, considering the capacity of the virus to harm the fetus. However, the magnitude and spread of this outbreak is yet unclear. Evidence from other areas is required and there is the need to focus more on the impact on pregnancy. To this aim, pregnant women with B19V infection who were managed in a referral hospital located in Milan, Northern Italy were reviewed. The primary aim was comparing the number of ascertained cases of B19V infection in the period January–July 2024 to the number of cases recorded in the previous 9 years (2015–2023). Overall, the number of B19V infections markedly increased in the first 7 months of 2024. Until 2023, the number of cases per year were below 7, with no cases reported in 2020–2022, while in the period January‐July 2024, the number raised to 59 (p < 0.001). Maternal characteristics and fetal outcomes before and after January 2024 did not differ. In conclusion, Italy is also involved in the ongoing outbreak of B19V infection and pregnant women are exposed to this threat.

Synopsis:

An outbreak of Parvovirus B19 infections is currently ongoing in Italian pregnant women.
Viral Loads of Pneumoviruses: Correlation With Coinfection Rates and Disease Severity
Authors: Talah Sarah , Carbonneau Julie , Hamelin Marie‐Eve , Gilca Rodica , Boivin Guy
Published: November 2024

We looked at the interactions between viral loads, coinfection rates and disease severity for children infected with two pneumoviruses: human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The HMPV RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs of hospitalized children was significantly higher in mono‐infections compared to coinfections but this was not the case for RSV, which could be explained by different innate immune responses. Also, the viral load of neither of the two viruses was associated with disease severity although RSV‐infected children had higher severity scores than HMPV‐infected children.
Detecting the Vertical Structure of Extreme Precipitation in the Headwater Area of Yellow River Using the Dual‐Frequency Precipitation Radar Onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission
Authors: Song Jia , Qi Weiqing , Lyu Yi , Zhang Haiwei , Song Yang , Shi Tao , Wen Yixin , Yong Bin
Published: November 2024

In the context of global warming, the rise in extreme precipitation events in high‐altitude headwater areas has introduced greater hydrological uncertainty. However, the limited understanding of the physical mechanisms driving extreme precipitation in these areas hinders efforts to mitigate the potential rise in future precipitation risks. This study analysed the extreme precipitation events in the headwater area of the Yellow River (HAYR) from May to September each year from 2015 to 2020 using satellite‐based data from Dual‐frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Core Observatory and Integrated Multi‐satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG). The results show that stratiform precipitation (SP) determines the spatial extent of extreme precipitation events, while convective precipitation (CP) largely affects the rainfall intensity. Statistical analysis from different extreme precipitation events indicates that the rain rate of CP is 2 to 3 times higher than that of SP, thus zones of intense precipitation in the study area are normally dominated by CP. Vertically, the topographic lifting in complex mountainous regions exerts opposite effects on the precipitation rates of SP and CP, weakening the precipitation intensity of SP while enhancing that of CP. The peak precipitation rate in the midstream and downstream regions is observed at approximately 5 km, whereas the upstream region displays a distinctive double‐peaked distribution, with one peak at 8.5 km and another near the surface. This study provides a better understanding of the interior structure evolution process of plateau precipitation, as well as the associated microphysical properties, and highlights some insights to improve microphysical parameterization in the future model developments.
“Everyone Wants to Drive There”: Challenges to Transport Sustainability in Rural Tourism Destinations
Authors: Waleghwa Beatrice , Ioannides Dimitri
Published: November 2024

Understanding transport challenges is inevitable for transitioning to a low‐carbon rural tourism future. Using social representation theory, this study examines how tourism and transport practitioners perceive transport challenges in rural destinations and how they overcome these problems. The multi‐method qualitative approach adopted involves semi‐structured interviews with practitioners, participant observation, and document analysis in the Swedish destinations of Åre and Sälen. Findings reveal social representations of transport challenges at both destinations, namely, “a car‐dependent society”, a “non‐desirable transport future” and “wicked transport problems”. Practitioners in these places address these challenges in several ways. Surprisingly, one solution is to promote flying to the destinations. This particular solution, not to mention the destinations' overreliance on private automobile use illustrates that they have not yet begun transitioning to a low carbon transport future. This situation highlights the urgency to encourage sustainable mobility development to and within these destinations.
RETRACTION: Thermoreversible Structurally Recoverable Dual‐Network Elastomer Hydrogel
Authors: Lei K. , Sun C. , Yang C. , Zheng Z. , Wang X.
Published: November 2024

“Thermoreversible Structurally Recoverable Dual‐Network Elastomer Hydrogel,” Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 305, no. 1 (2020): 1900633, https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.201900633.

The above article, published online on 03 December 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, David Huesmann; and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The retraction has been agreed after an investigation took place when the authors requested a correction to the article, admitting they‐had accidentally reused an image they previously published. Upon further review, the Editor‐In‐Chief saw that this reused image was‐also clearly manipulated by the authors to create Figure 7b by rotation plus the removal of cells from the original image seen both in Figure 7a and also in the previous journal article figure. Upon questioning, the authors acknowledged they‐had edited the previously published image. As a result, the figures, data, and conclusions are considered unreliable and therefore the article must be retracted.
Self‐Comparing With Virtual Influencers: Effects on Followers' Wellbeing
Authors: Nasr Lina I. , Mousavi Sahar , Michaelidou Nina
Published: November 2024

While there is pervasive research on virtual influencers (VIs) and their impacts on consumer behaviors, there is a lack of understanding of their effects on followers' wellbeing. Drawing on social comparison theory, in this study, we examine how followers self‐compare with VIs and what the effects of this process are on their wellbeing. Based on a qualitative study, involving 31 interviews with followers of VIs on Instagram, we found that they experience both upward and downward comparison. The upward comparison made them feel envious, jealous (i.e., contrastive), or inspired, optimistic, and admired (i.e., assimilative) while the downward assimilative comparison made the followers worry or feel sympathy with the VI they follow. Moreover, we found another set of emotions that can be triggered by the process of social comparison with a VI, such as feelings of shame due to the nature of the influencers not being human. Individuals cope with the negative effects of self‐comparing through emotional and behavioral regulations.
Physiological Effects of TolC‐Dependent Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Escherichia coli: Impact on Motility and Growth Under Stress Conditions
Authors: Di Maso Amanda M. , Ruiz Cristian
Published: November 2024

Enterobacteriaceae possess eight TolC‐dependent multidrug efflux pumps: AcrAB‐TolC, AcrAD‐TolC, AcrEF‐TolC, MdtEF‐TolC, MdtABC‐TolC, EmrAB‐TolC, EmrYK‐TolC, and MacAB‐TolC, which efflux bile salts, antibiotics, metabolites, or other compounds. However, our understanding of their physiological roles remains limited, especially for less‐studied pumps like EmrYK‐TolC. In this study, we tested the effects on swimming motility and growth under stress conditions of Escherichia coli mutants individually deleted for each inner‐membrane transporter component of all eight TolC‐dependent pumps, a mutant deleted for the AcrB‐accessory protein AcrZ, and a mutant simultaneously deleted for all eight pumps (ΔtolC). We found that all mutants tested, except the ΔemrY and ΔacrZ mutants, displayed increased swimming motility. Additionally, the loss of each individual TolC‐dependent pump or AcrZ did not reduce growth and sometimes even enhanced it compared to the parental strain under various growth conditions: temperature (LB at 25, 30, 37, and 42°C), pH (LB at pH 6.0, 7.4, and 9.0; and LB buffered to pH 6.0, 7.4, and 8.25), LB with limited air exchange, and nutritional stress (M9‐glucose or M9‐glycerol). In contrast, the ΔtolC mutant grew significantly slower than the parental strain under all conditions tested except in LB‐TRIS pH 7.4 and LB with limited air exchange. Overall, these findings indicate that while individual TolC‐dependent pumps are generally dispensable for growth under many stress conditions in the absence of antimicrobials, possibly due to their partially overlapping substrate profiles, TolC‐dependent efflux is required for maximal growth under most conditions.
The Nexus Between De‐Globalization and OFDI From Emerging Economies: Moderating Roles of Institution and Government
Authors: Yang Jinjuan , Zeng Yan , Li Rui
Published: November 2024

The recent wave of de‐globalization has slowed the outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) process globally, with varying effects across countries. Using panel data from 25 emerging economies between 1980 and 2018, we examine the impact of de‐globalization on OFDI. Our findings show that higher de‐globalization pressure from developed countries drives emerging economies to invest more globally. Threshold regressions reveal that this positive effect is significant only when a minimum GDP threshold is met. Moreover, better institutional quality and increased government involvement strengthen the positive impact of de‐globalization on OFDI.
Blockchain Adoption and Collaborative Emission Reduction in Vertical‐Shareholding Supply Chain
Authors: Wu Xue‐Yan , Chi Xue , Pu Xujin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the role of blockchain technology in collaborative emission reduction in vertical‐shareholding supply chains. The collaborative emission reduction decisions of the manufacturer and retailer are examined for four scenarios of whether or not to adopt blockchain technology in the manufacturer‐ and retailer‐led supply chain. The results show that under the manufacturer‐led, they have incentive alignment to adopt blockchain technology when the unit cost of using blockchain technology is low and the retailer's misrepresentation factor is high, regardless of the manufacturer's shareholding ratio. However, under the retailer‐led, their incentive alignment is closely related to the manufacturer's shareholding ratio.
SRY+ Derivative X Chromosome in a Female With Apparently Typical Sexual Development
Authors: Brewer Casey J. , Coyan Alyxis G. , Smith Nicki , Jones Brittany , Smolarek Teresa A. , Liu Jie
Published: November 2024

Background

When the SRY gene is present in a 46,XX fetus, some degree of testicular development is expected. Our laboratory performed prenatal genetic testing for a fetus that had screened positive for Y chromosome material by noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) but that had apparently typical female development by ultrasound imaging. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance of the NIPS results.

Methods

We analyzed fetal material obtained via amniocentesis procedure by G‐banding, microarray, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Optical genome mapping (OGM) was also performed.

Results

G‐band analysis revealed a normal 46,XX karyotype. Microarray and FISH analyses together detected an SRY+ gain of 5.7 Mb from terminal Yp that was translocated to terminal Xq, with a loss of 1.6 Mb from terminal Xq. The final karyotype was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q28;p11.2). Prenatal ultrasound and postnatal physical examination revealed apparently typical female genitalia. The Xq deletion encompassed a gene, IKBKG, that is sensitive to loss of function, suggesting that preferential inactivation of the derivative X chromosome allowed for typical female development. OGM software did not directly identify this translocation.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates how the SRY gene may be present in a 46,XX biological female without differences of sexual development.
Youth Mental Health: The Role of Culture & KTE Approaches in Expanding the Research Workforce
Authors: Anderson Brandi , Bloxom Quincy
Published: November 2024

Despite efforts to expand the youth mental health workforce, disparities continue to persist in service provision, the effectiveness of existing programs and practices, and in research. While there is no quick fix to rectify these issues, expanding the research workforce can serve as a preliminary step in reducing many of the disparities that exist. The current work highlights the necessity for increased efforts to recruit a population of experts (i.e., practitioners) into the research workforce that possesses a level of knowledge and expertise largely untapped by research producers. Furthermore, knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) methodologies are offered as innovative approaches that can be harnessed to facilitate this change. To provide rationale for expanding not only the research workforce but reimagining historical notions of what research is, and who qualifies as belonging in this space, with examples of action steps that can be utilized by producers to attract practitioners. The use of KTE and related approaches to attract practitioners to research has positive implications including but not limited to expanding the youth mental health workforce.
Improving B1+$$ {B}_1^{+} $$‐inhomogeneity tolerance by resolving non‐bijection in MP2RAGE R1 mapping: A 2D look‐up table approach demonstrated at 3 T
Authors: Ruijters Lenno , Lund Torben Ellegaard , Vinding Mads Sloth
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Regarding in vivo, robust longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) mapping, the goal of the present paper is two‐fold. First, to verify that non‐bijective mapping in magnetization‐prepared 2 rapid gradient echo (MP2RAGE) imaging can be resolved through a two‐dimensional look‐up table approach. Second, that the expanded parameter space from this can be used to improve ‐inhomogeneity tolerance without other prerequisites.

Theory

By deriving a second contrast from the magnitude images of the MP2RAGE acquisition, ambiguities in the original MP2RAGE image resulting from non‐bijective transfer curves can be resolved. Such ambiguities may occur when protocols are optimized, such as for higher ‐inhomogeneity tolerance. A 2D look‐up table approach combines the available information to resolve these ambiguities during mapping.

Methods

At 3 T, we acquired MP2RAGE images with standard acquisition parameters and (non‐bijective) parameters optimized for ‐inhomogeneity tolerance. From 3 subjects across multiple sessions, we assessed the ‐inhomogeneity tolerance through excitation‐pulse amplitude scalings.

Results

The R1 maps resulting from the ‐optimized protocols showed greatly reduced effects across images but without additional scanner time. Meanwhile, these maps could only successfully be derived by a 2D look‐up table approach.

Conclusion

We show that it is possible to optimize for ‐inhomogeneity tolerance in MP2RAGE through sequence‐parameter settings, while still successfully estimating the R1 map with a two‐dimensional look‐up table approach. This without the need for an additional map. The increased parameter space enabled by the two‐dimensional look‐up table approach may further be used to adjust MP2RAGE acquisitions for improved scan times, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and/or contrast‐to‐noise ratio.
Exploring Public Perceptions of Telenursing: A Q Methodology Study
Authors: Kim Ick‐Jee
Published: November 2024

Aims

To investigate public perceptions of telenursing in South Korea, an Asian country that is transitioning to the introduction of telenursing and possesses a high level of information and communication technology. This study sought to uncover strategies for the successful introduction and extension of telenursing by identifying the characteristics of existing perceptions.

Design

Q methodology was applied.

Methods

A total of 188 Q populations were selected from the literature, Internet sources, newspaper articles and in‐depth interviews about telenursing, from which the final 37 Q statements were derived. Forty‐nine people who were expected to have diverse perspectives about telenursing were selected purposively and participated in Q‐sorting. The data were obtained from November 2022 to December 2022 and analysed with principal component analysis and varimax rotations using PQMethod version 2.11.

Results

Five types of perceptions regarding telenursing in South Korea were identified: ‘Factor I: Preference for convenience and efficiency of telenursing, Active acceptance’, ‘Factor II: Complete support for telenursing, Total acceptance’, ‘Factor III: Complete skepticism for telenursing, Total nonacceptance’, ‘Factor IV: Expectance of the supplementary roles of telenursing, Immediate acceptance’ and ‘Factor V: Expectance of the supplementary roles of telenursing, Prolonged acceptance’.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients and the public were not involved in this study's design, recruitment and implementation.
Recent Advances in Biomaterial‐Based Scaffolds for Guided Bone Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Tupe Akshay , Patole Vinita , Ingavle Ganesh , Kavitkar Gaurav , Mishra Tiwari Ruchi , Kapare Harshad , Baheti Radhika , Jadhav Pranali
Published: November 2024

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) has emerged as a promising approach for the regeneration and repair of bone defects caused by trauma, disease, or aging. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in BTE, with a focus on the development and application of biomaterial‐based scaffolds, including natural (e.g., collagen, chitosan), synthetic (e.g., polylactic acid [PLA], polycaprolactone [PCL]), and composite materials (e.g., hydroxyapatite‐based composites). It discusses their properties, benefits, and limitations. Additionally, this review examines innovative fabrication strategies such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and freeze‐drying, which enhance scaffold customization and performance. This review aims to provide insights into future directions of BTE research and its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Functionalization strategies, including surface modifications, coating, and the incorporation of growth factors and cells, are reviewed for their roles in improving scaffold bioactivity. In vivo and in vitro research have demonstrated the therapeutic promise of these scaffolds, while current clinical trials offer insights into their translational use. Challenges facing the translation of these technologies into clinical practice are also highlighted.
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐Hexafluoropropylene) Composites With Carbon Based Nanofillers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Langrock Alex , Kareem Haval , Auletta Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2024

In the current work, a series of flexible polymer matrix composites (PMCs) based on poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) as the polymer matrix and carbon nanofillers, namely single‐walled nanotubes (SWCNT) or carbon blacks (CB), were fabricated via a facile preparation method of blending and solution casting. The electrical conductivity, morphology, dielectric constant, mechanics, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of the composite films were adjusted by varying the carbon type (CB = Ketjenblack, Vulcan, or SWCNT = Tuball) and amount (0.1–15 wt%). The influence of the conductive nanofillers on the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) and microwave absorbing properties in the X‐band frequency range (8–12 GHz) were investigated. By increasing the carbon content, the EMI shielding properties of the composite films were improved due to an increase in the magnitude of the electromagnetic properties. As the loading of these carbon fillers approach the percolation threshold, the dielectric constant of the composite can dramatically increase because of the construction of a microcapacitor network. However, these nanofillers/polymer composites generally have high dielectric loss near the percolation threshold due to the direct connection between carbon nanofillers. The PVDF‐HFP/Tuball composite particularly contributed low dielectric loss to the electromagnetic (EM) wave, resulting in excellent microwave absorption properties with a SE per unit thickness of 337.5 dB/mm and 2.5× less weight compared with conventional aluminum with the same SE, demonstrating the promise of using these materials as practical EMI shields.
Preparation and Performance Study of PEK‐C‐OH/MWCNT‐COOH/Graphite Composite Bipolar Plates for PEMFCs With Improved Interface Properties
Authors: Li Wenkai , Zeng Haodong , Xie Zhiyong
Published: November 2024

Bipolar plates are an essential part of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and due to the specificity of their functions, various properties are required. In this study, a composite bipolar plate with a “sandwich” structure was prepared to solve the problems of graphite/resin composite bipolar plate, which is challenging in balancing the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, and the interface is not tightly bonded. Through the bidirectional modification between graphite‐carbon/nanotubes and resin, the graphite phase and resin phase are connected by chemical bonding, which enhances the direct interfacial bonding performance, effectively broadens the conductive pathway, and improves the mechanical properties. The prepared composite bipolar plate showed a conductivity of 244.01 S/cm, a hydrophobicity angle of 121.4°, a flexural strength of 53.38 MPa, a corrosion current density of 0.76 μA/cm2, and a corrosion voltage density of 0.354 V. The composite bipolar plate showed good performance, and it is expected to be one of the candidates for future graphite/resin composite bipolar plate materials.
Fabrication and Radiation Shielding Properties of (HDPE/Colemanite)‐(HDPE/Bi2O3) Multi‐Layer Composites
Authors: Duran Selcen Uzun , Alver Ümit , Demirköz M. Bilge , Mucogllava Brunilda , Çava Kutay , Aslan Mustafa , Özkalaycı Fatih , Dindar Osman
Published: November 2024

In this study, 5, 10, and 15 wt% colemanite (Ca2B6O11‐5H2O) and 15 wt% Bi2O3 filled high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were fabricated by conventional melt extrusion processing techniques in the form of a layered structure to absorb both neutron radiation and secondary radiation resulting from neutron‐induced reactions. In the layered structure, HDPE was used to slow down neutrons, while colemanite and Bi2O3 were used to trap thermal neutrons and secondary gamma radiation respectively. The properties of the colemanite/HDPE and Bi2O3/HDPE composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties (tensile and hardness) of the composites were also investigated. The results showed that the addition of colemanite and Bi2O3 particles did not significantly alter the thermal and mechanical properties of the HDPE composites. The total macroscopic cross‐section of the composites was determined using a 239Pu‐Be (α,n) neutron source, while their linear and mass attenuation coefficients were determined using a 137Cs gamma‐ray source. The material with the best neutron absorption rate is 15 wt% colemanite‐filled HDPE (2.31 ± 003 cm−1), while the best gamma‐absorbing material is 15 wt% Bi2O3 filled HDPE (0.114 cm−1). The 15 wt% colemanite, 15 wt% Bi2O3 doped HDPE layered structure has 1.72 ± 0.05 cm−1 macroscopic cross‐sections and 0.098 linear attenuation coefficient. The results show that filled colemanite HDPE composites improve neutron shielding properties and Bi2O3 filled HDPE composites provide good shielding performance for gamma rays.
Iron Deficiency in Collegiate Athletes Obtaining Preparticipation Hemoglobinopathy Screening in the Upper Midwest
Authors: Thompson Christineil , Trushina Eugenia , Fairweather DeLisa , Block Darci , Wang Zhen , Foster Nathan , Steien Dana , Galardy Paul , Al‐Huniti Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Objective

Iron and other biologically important metals are essential to mitochondrial function but are not routinely evaluated. Their equilibrium is critical to the optimal performance of cells with high metabolic activity such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal myocytes. Teenagers are at a high risk of iron deficiency even without anemia. Metal ion imbalances can cause cognitive impairments, muscle weakness, and sudden cardiac death. We aim to assess the current prevalence of iron deficiency among collegiate athletes in the Upper Midwest.

Methods

Our study is a multicenter, retrospective chart review of outpatient clinics in a regional healthcare system between January 2012 and December 2023, and a national public database between 2017 and March 2020. We reviewed the ferritin concentrations of regional collegiate athletes having preparticipation sport evaluations and nationally in the NHANES database.

Results

We identified 643 unique individuals aged 16–21 years with 253 having ferritin screening. Iron deficiency (ferritin <20 mcg/L) was present in 24.5% and hypoferritinemia (ferritin <50 mcg/L) was present in 66.7% of collegiate athletes. From the NHANES database, 12.7% of active sampled participants aged 16–21 years were iron deficient.

Conclusion

Our study findings suggest the need for universal screening for iron deficiency among collegiate athletes given the high prevalence of iron deficiency in both the retrospective chart review and NHANES database analysis. Given the critical role of metal ion homeostasis to optimal mitochondrial function, these findings may warrant the inclusion of ferritin testing in cardiac, neurological, and skeletal muscle evaluations.
Recycling of puffed polystyrene beads waste as a low‐cost antifouling ultrafiltration membrane for water purification
Authors: Mansor Eman S. , Radwan Emad K.
Published: November 2024

Currently, plastic waste, limited water resources, and water contamination are challenges of universal concerns. Recycling plastic waste as a membrane for water/wastewater treatment is of great significance from the perspective of environmental protection and safe drinking water supply. In this study, we used for the first time the puffed polystyrene beads waste (PPSBW) as a basic material for the fabrication of an ultrafiltration membrane and Pluronic F127 (PF127) as a plasticizer and hydrophilizing agent. Different ratios of PF127 were added to the casting solution, and the characteristics of the blank PPSBW and PF127‐modified membranes (PPSBW‐PF127) were evaluated in detail. The addition of PF127 increased the turbidity and viscosity of the casting solution, decreased the contact angle (increased the hydrophilicity), decreased the pure water flux, and increased the rejection of humic acid. The PPSBW membrane with 3 wt.% of PF127 showed the highest antifouling properties, the highest cleaning efficiency, and kept a satisfactory BSA and pure water flux for 4 runs. Overall, PF127 improved the hydrophilicity, organic matter separation, and enhanced the antifouling properties of the PPSBW‐derived membrane.

Highlights

Renew flow: Repurposing plastic waste as a UF membrane was successfully achieved.

The PPSBW‐PF127 membrane was applied for wastewater treatment.

Mechanical properties showed reasonable response by adding Pluronic F127.

The PPSBW‐PF127 membrane demonstrated a significant rejection and permeability.

The PPSBW‐PF127 membrane showed the highest antifouling and cleaning properties.
Regulation of Glass Transition Temperature in Thermo‐Responsive Epoxy Shape Memory Polymers: The Roles of Chemical Crosslinking Density and Chain Flexibility
Authors: Guan Yijia , Guo Hui , Jia Xiaofeng , Qin Jieyi , Yang Yue , Cao Kun , Li Tao , Liao Jianguo , Zhang Yanru
Published: November 2024

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are novel kinds of smart materials whose shape can be changed in external conditions such as heat stimulus. Due to their excellent structural versatility and high elastic strain, they have important applications in the field of biomaterials. Here, a series of amorphous shape memory polymer materials are prepared and their shape memory properties and glass transition temperature (T
g) are also investigated. A special kind of epoxy polymer, whose shape can be changed at around physiological temperature, is synthesized by regulating the crosslinking density and introducing flexible aliphatic epoxy chains. The shape memory function of this epoxy polymer is studied by deformation test. In addition, to explore their application in the field of biomedical materials, the biocompatibility of the materials are evaluated, including the effects on the erythrocyte hemolysis rate and cell activity. The experimental results show that this kind of epoxy polymer has good shape memory function and biocompatibility.
Antifungal activity of chalcone derivatives containing 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline and studies on them as potential SDH inhibitors
Authors: Deng Tianyu , Xin Hui , Luo Xingping , Zhou Qing , Wang Yuhong , Hu Chunmei , Fu Hong , Xue Wei
Published: November 2024

Background

A large number of pathogenic fungi have caused serious damage to the global crop yield, and drug resistance is always a topic that cannot be avoided for traditional fungicides. Therefore, finding efficient, green, and low‐toxic fungicides is our primary task, which brings opportunities for the development of natural product green pesticides.

Results

Twenty chalcone derivatives containing 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline were designed and synthesized, and the compounds were tested for their fungicidal effects against eight plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. The results demonstrate that the original splicing did not have fungicidal activity, so a piperazine fragment was introduced; the test results revealed that H1–H10 all had good antifungal activity. Among them, H4 showed the highest inhibitory activity against Phytophthora capsici (Pc) with a median effect concentration (EC50) value of 5.2 μg/mL, which was higher than that of the control drugs Azoxystrobin (EC50 = 80.2 μg/mL) and Fluopyram (EC50 = 146.8 μg/mL). After the study, it was demonstrated that H4 mainly acted on the cell membrane against Phytophthora capsici and inhibited the activity of the marker enzyme of mitochondria (SDH) in the fungus.

Conclusion

H4 has significant resistance to Phytophthora capsici and also plays a significant role in inhibiting SDH activity, providing a new direction for the development of green pesticides. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing agrochemical delivery in citrus leaves with geraniol: a promising strategy for controlling huanglongbing (HLB)
Authors: Chen Shuning , Yuan Ao , Wang Huafeng , Yang Daibin , Cui Li , Hao Fengjiao , Yan Xiaojing , Yuan Huizhu
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease in citrus, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which primarily resides in the phloem where chemicals cannot effectively reach, posing a significant challenge in controlling HLB. To address these challenges, plant essential oils (EOs), widely used as transdermal enhancers and known for their benefits for plant tissues, were investigated for their potential to enhance chemical permeation.

RESULTS

In this study, seven EOs – eugenol, carvacrol, eucalyptol, geraniol, linalool, cinnamaldehyde, and d‐limonene – were evaluated for their potential to enhance chemical penetration into citrus leaves. Preliminary screening with tracer methods revealed that geraniol provided the greatest enhancement of permeation, achieving the deepest and broadest distribution into the spongy tissue of the citrus leaf. The permeation levels of rhodamine B and crystal violet through the cuticular layer were elevated from 0.55 mg L−1 and 0.11 mg L−1 to 20.04 mg L−1 and 7.14 mg L−1, respectively, by the addition of geraniol. Further validation through high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) confirmed that the penetration of fludioxonil and tetracycline into citrus leaf tissues was enhanced by 15.07‐fold and 20.43‐fold, respectively. In planta experiments confirmed that adding geraniol to tetracycline and oxytetracycline via foliar application eliminated CLas bacteria in HLB‐affected citrus more efficiently than controls.

CONCLUSION

Our study underscores the potential of geraniol as an effective EO‐based permeation enhancer for combating HLB. By significantly improving the delivery and efficacy of bactericidal treatments, geraniol offers a promising strategy for managing this catastrophic citrus disease, potentially transforming the approach to controlling HLB. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced Catalyst Recovery and Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue Using a ZnO/TiO2/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite: Physicochemical Characteristics and Environmental Implications
Authors: Barua Bhargab Madhab , Singh Laishram Robindro , Bhushan Mayank
Published: November 2024

A facile wet chemical approach was adopted to synthesize zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and iron (II, III) oxide, followed by the synthesis of ZnO–TiO2–Fe3O4 nanocomposite via physical mixing. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, UV–visible spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy to investigate various physical and chemical characteristics of the prepared samples. Furthermore, the catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (Rh B) dyes was carried out using prepared nanomaterials as catalysts under UV–visible light illumination. It was observed that the degradation efficiency of the nanocomposite was equivalent to or slightly better than TiO2 nanoparticles and higher than ZnO nanoparticles against both dye solutions. Its removal efficiency using an external magnetic field is much higher than that of the constituent nanoparticles, owing to its higher saturation magnetization. So, the obtained results suggest that the produced nanocomposite can be employed as a high‐potential catalyst for reducing organic dyes and pollutants in wastewater treatments.
To Examine the Adsorption Behavior and Dissociation of Hydrogen Selenide (H2Se) Gas on Pristine and Transition‐Metal (Fe, Mn)‐Doped Boron Nitride Nanosheets: A DFT Study
Authors: Talha Abu , Rahman Provati , Tasnim Anika , Ahmed Mohammad Tanvir , Roman Abdullah Al , Roy Debashis
Published: November 2024

In this study, the adsorption and dissociation of H2Segas on pristine and transition metal (TM) atoms doped nanosheets have been  investigated theoretically using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. To understand the adsorption mechanics, we have examined the adsorption energy, the charge transfer between the adsorbent and adsorbate, the band structure, the density of states (DoS), as well as the optical properties. The structural stability of TM atoms (Fe, Mn)‐ doped BN nanosheets have been verified by finding the cohesive energy. The adsorption energies of H2Se on pristine BN, Fe–BN, and Mn–BN sheets are −0.012, −7.627, and −10.001  eV, respectively; that is, the H2Se gas get dissociated when interacted with the Fe–BN and Mn–BN nanosheets. The relaxed geometrical structures of complexes and electron density difference (EDD) map analysis displayed that the H2Se gas makes bond with TM‐doped nanosheets, that is, dissociated. Furthermore, we viewed the optical properties of the pure, TM‐doped nanosheets as well as the gas‐adsorbed complex structure to demonstrate the adsorption behavior. Therefore, our obtained results demonstrated that the Fe‐ and Mn‐doped BN sheets are good candidates for adsorption and dissociation of H2Se gas.