bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Managing Antineoplastic and Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Sherman Elizabeth M. , Gill Taylor K.
Published: September 2023

The disease states of HIV and cancer are constantly evolving. New therapies are introduced, and literature published advancing each area. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV and malignancies is associated with improved HIV- and cancer-related outcomes. Combining antiretroviral therapy (ART) and antineoplastic therapy is often complicated by significant drug–drug interactions, drug–disease state monitoring interactions, and overlapping toxicities. Definitive studies including both antineoplastics and antiretrovirals are uncommon, and clinical judgment must often be used to determine the appropriate course of treatment. Adjusting ART in response to significant drug interactions or overlapping toxicities is often more feasible than modifying antineoplastic protocols. A multidisciplinary care team that includes primary care providers, infectious disease clinicians, hematologists/oncologists, and clinical pharmacists should be utilized to address the challenges of combining HIV and cancer treatment. Specifically, new oral agents and long-acting antiretrovirals for HIV and immuno-therapy for cancer treatment bring exciting advancements. This chapter reviews concepts regarding the safe and effective use of ART and antineoplastic therapy in people living with HIV and cancer. Drug interaction mechanisms and medication toxicities are discussed as well as drug–disease interactions. The chapter concludes with an overview of strategies for clinical management of people with cancer and HIV.
Caring for Older People with HIV
Authors: Sangarlangkarn Aroonsiri , Zeuli John D. , Avihingsanon Anchalee
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the differences in HIV care and management for persons with HIV who are aged 50 years or older compared to their younger counterparts. Importantly, older patients with HIV present unique and complex cases, and disease-centric guidelines do not apply to every patient. Management of diseases in older patients with HIV should be individualized based on aging phenotypes identified by the Veterans Aging Cohort Study index, interactions with multimorbidities, and patient preferences. Learners will understand how to conduct a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment to assess function, mobility/fall risk, frailty, cognition, mood, and issues related to polypharmacy. Learners will also discuss a comprehensive medication assessment, nutrition and weight changes, social and monetary issues impacting care, symptom burdens and pain, and advanced planning. Lastly, learners will be presented with specific co-exiting conditions common to aging that are impacted by HIV, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, bone disease, peripheral neuropathy, certain cancers, and recommended vaccinations.
Dermatologic Complications of HIV
Authors: Mutyambizi Kudakwashe , Weeks Craig S. , Bolduc Philip
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes the dermatologic complications of HIV infection and treatment. The chapter includes information about the incidence, presentation, and management of inflammatory dermatoses in HIV including seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and xerosis, papular pruritic eruption of AIDS, and HIV-associated eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. In addition, common and important cutaneous adverse drug reactions among people with HIV and management factors are presented for antiretroviral drug classes. Lastly, learners are presented with the diagnosis and management of viral, fungal, bacterial, and parasitic opportunistic infections occurring in HIV patients and presentation and treatment of cancers associated with HIV and aging. An important addition in this edition is a review of recent monkeypox data.
Neurological Effects of HIV Infection
Authors: Hasbun Rodrigo , Kass Joseph S.
Published: September 2023

There is a high prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive patients and in patients treated with ART with virologic suppression. Rapid screening tools such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and the Frontal Assessment Battery test have been evaluated for their use in diagnosing HAND in the clinic. HAND is associated with significant cognitive, behavioral, and motor abnormalities that can impact ART adherence, retention-in-care in older individuals, virologic success, and quality of life. The differential diagnosis of meningitis in people living with HIV (PWH) is broad (e.g., viral, bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, or lymphomatous). All adults with meningitis should be tested for HIV. Meningitis in PWH is usually treatable, and a cause should be investigated. This chapter delineates the clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management of the neurologic effects of HIV, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, meningitis, myelopathy, distal symmetric polyneuropathy, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, neurologic complications that people living with HIV experience with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and intracranial lesions.
HIV Health Care Programs and Insurance Coverage in the U.S. Health Care System
Authors: McGorman Leslie , Packett Bruce J.
Published: September 2023

It has been more than 12 years since passage of the landmark Affordable Care Act (ACA), and more than 8 years since implementation of the Health Insurance Marketplace, which greatly expanded the availability of health coverage for persons living with HIV (PWH) in the United States. However, serious challenges such as affordability and access to treatment still remain and are especially evident in the 12 states that have chosen not to expand their Medicaid coverage. The ACA required all US citizens to have some form of health coverage, although the nature of that coverage varied widely. Subsequently, the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 repealed the ACA’s “individual mandate” to purchase insurance. As a result, individuals who were unable to afford insurance may have been heavily impacted by chronic lack of access to health coverage. Health care programs and insurance coverage for PWH in the United States continues to involve a mix of governmental funding and private systems because of the lack of universal health care coverage. Medicaid remains the largest source of coverage for PWH: to date, 38 states and the District of Columbia have chosen to adopt Medicaid expansion in some form. The federally administered Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program continues to provide “safety net” medical and supportive services for PWH.
Cysteine Enrichment Mediates Co-Option of Uricase in Reptilian Skin and Transition to Uricotelism
Authors: Mori Giulia , Liuzzi Anastasia , Ronda Luca , Di Palma Michele , Chegkazi Magda S , Bui Soi , Garcia-Maya Mitla , Ragazzini Jasmine , Malatesta Marco , Della Monica Emanuele , Rivetti Claudio , Antin Parker B , Bettati Stefano , Steiner Roberto A , Percudani Riccardo
Published: September 2023

Uric acid is the main means of nitrogen excretion in uricotelic vertebrates (birds and reptiles) and the end product of purine catabolism in humans and a few other mammals. While uricase is inactivated in mammals unable to degrade urate, the presence of orthologous genes without inactivating mutations in avian and reptilian genomes is unexplained. Here we show that the Gallus gallus gene we name cysteine-rich urate oxidase (CRUOX) encodes a functional protein representing a unique case of cysteine enrichment in the evolution of vertebrate orthologous genes. CRUOX retains the ability to catalyze urate oxidation to hydrogen peroxide and 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU), albeit with a 100-fold reduced efficiency. However, differently from all uricases hitherto characterized, it can also facilitate urate regeneration from HIU, a catalytic property that we propose depends on its enrichment in cysteine residues. X-ray structural analysis highlights differences in the active site compared to known orthologs and suggests a mechanism for cysteine-mediated self-aggregation under H2O2-oxidative conditions. Cysteine enrichment was concurrent with the transition to uricotelism and a shift in gene expression from the liver to the skin where CRUOX is co-expressed with β-keratins. Therefore, the loss of urate degradation in amniotes has followed opposite evolutionary trajectories: while uricase has been eliminated by pseudogenization in some mammals, it has been repurposed as a redox-sensitive enzyme in the reptilian skin.
A Rapidly Expanding Hemorrhagic BRAF-Mutant Orbital Atypical Glomus Tumor
Authors: Chang Enchi K. , Chiou Carolina A , Lefebvre Daniel R. , Stagner Anna M.
Published: September 2023

A healthy 32-year-old woman presented with the acute onset of left sided eye pain, upper eyelid fullness, and binocular diplopia during light weightlifting. Examination elevated intraocular pressure, proptosis, upper eyelid ptosis, and motility deficits. CT demonstrated a well-circumscribed, homogeneous-appearing extraconal mass in the superior left orbit. The patient underwent an urgent orbitotomy with the excision of a hemorrhagic mass. Histopathology showed a glomus tumor with atypical features and hemorrhagic infarction, best classified as having uncertain malignant potential. A B-Raf proto-oncogene V600E mutation was detected with immunohistochemistry, which suggests a more aggressive tumor behavior yet presents an opportunity for targeted primary or adjunctive therapy. This is the first reported case of a B-Raf proto-oncogene-mutant atypical glomus tumor arising in the orbit.
Kinematics of the Upper Eyelid and the Globe During Downward Excursion With Comparative Analysis in Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Abboud Jean-Paul J. , Badawe Heba , Nguyen John , Khraiche Massoud L. , Sivak-Callcott Jennifer A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

To analyze the kinematics of the upper eyelid and the globe on downward excursion for potential use in monitoring thyroid eye disease (TED) progression in an objective manner.

Methods:

Ten normal volunteers and 10 patients with TED were studied. A high-speed (240 fps) digital camera with a coaxial light source set at a constant distance from the subjects’ eyes was used to record the excursion of the upper eyelid and the globe from extreme upgaze to extreme downgaze. Clinical data, including age, gender, race, thyroid function tests, Vision, Inflammation/Congestion, Strabismus/motility restriction, Appearance/exposure score (primary surgeons’ preference of TED grading system), exophthalmometry, and eyelid measurements were collected for all patients with TED. Frame-by-frame analyses of the videos were performed using Python software (version 3.6) and the Open Source Computer Vision Library. Temporal resolution was obtained by measuring the number of frames from initiation of eyelid and globe movement from extreme upgaze (t0) to extreme downgaze (tf). Spatial resolution was obtained by measuring the number of pixels the eyelid margin and the globe traversed from t0 to tf. The data were then plotted on a graph to calculate the velocity of the upper eyelid and the globe during downward excursion.

Results:

Velocimetric calculations using high-speed photography suggests that downward excursion of the upper eyelid, and the globe occurs in 2 phases: the acceleration phase and the deceleration phase. Comparative analysis of slow-motion videography demonstrates that patients with TED were found to have attenuation in the early acceleration phase of upper eyelid excursion compared with normal subjects. In patients with TED, the difference in velocity between the eyelid and the globe occurs in the early deceleration phase.

Conclusions:

The upper eyelid normally synchronizes intimately with the globe during downward eye movement. Data from this study reveal that attenuation mostly in the early deceleration phase of eyelid movement relative to the globe accounts for the dynamic eyelid lag seen on clinical examination. Further analysis is needed to show if a quantified von Graefe sign can be used as an objective means of monitoring progression in TED.
“They Talk to Me Like a Person” Experiences of People in an Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment Program
Authors: Jackson Jennifer , Colborne Marnie , Gadimova Farida , Kennedy Mary Clare
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore client experiences in a community-based injectable opioid agonist therapy (iOAT) program.

Study Setting

The study occurred across two cities in Alberta, Canada.

Study Design

The research team conducted secondary interpretive description analysis on qualitative interview transcripts.

Data Collection

Twenty-three iOAT clients were interviewed as part of a prior quality improvement initiative. Using secondary analysis of the transcripts, interviews were analyzed for themes, to create an understanding of clients' experiences.

Principal Findings

Participants accessed iOAT through other health services, for treatment of opioid use disorder. Participants reported that building trusting and supportive relationships with nurses was crucial to their success in the program. Through these relationships, participants experienced stopping and starting. They stopped behaviors such as illicit drug use, having withdrawal symptoms and anxiety, and prohibited income generation activities. They started taking care of themselves, accessing housing, increasing financial stability, receiving primary care, and connecting with friends and family. The global experience of iOAT was one of positive change for participants.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are largely consistent with other published examples—iOAT programs create benefits for both clients and their communities. Although clients may join the program to access the hydromorphone, the relationships between staff and clients are the key driver of success.
A Pathway to Treatment for Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Clark Roshunya Shavon , Pares-Avila Jose A.
Published: September 2023

Background

Addiction to opioids, a well-known public health crisis, is now more prevalent in pregnant women as evidenced by the parallel rise with pregnant women in the epidemic with the general population. Evidence is now available that substantiates the need for global awareness to increase efforts in the treatment of pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) as this vulnerable population lacks equal access to opioid abuse treatment across the United States.

Aim

The overarching aim and purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase access to treatment for pregnant women with OUD who are currently underserved in a community located in Florida.

Methods

Between January and April 2022, the 4Ps (parents, partners, past, and pregnancy), a validated screening tool, was implemented in an organization that accepts individuals with substance abuse. Each positive screen was referred for assessment for buprenorphine induction and medication-assisted treatment follow-up. Descriptive statistics were collected counting the number of screens completed, the number of positive screens, the number of referrals, and the number of patients remaining in treatment for 30 and 60 days.

Results

Twenty-two screens were completed. The results yielded an increase in referrals, a 75% increase in treatment of pregnant women, and an average of 83% of participants remained in treatment.

Conclusion

The implementation of a validated screening tool assisted in increasing access to treatment for pregnant women with OUD. Once implemented, the screening tool forges a pathway for referrals and evidence-based treatment for pregnant women with OUD.
Educating Nursing Students About Chronic Pain Management and Opioids
Authors: Sirjani Hedieh H. , Hawkins Janice E. , Kekeh Michele A. , Akpinar-Elci Muge
Published: September 2023

Background

Healthcare professionals' knowledge of safe use of opioids for chronic pain management is critical in preventing opioid abuse and overdose. Undergraduate curricula of health professional schools, including undergraduate nursing programs, need to improve and adopt a comprehensive educational plan regarding this issue.

Method

This study implemented and assessed an educational module on undergraduate nursing students' knowledge and attitudes regarding prescription opioids.

Results

The educational module improved nursing students' knowledge and attitudes. Students reflected positively on the module.

Conclusion

Undergraduate nursing students benefited from the educational module on prescription opioids and preferred to include a similar module in their undergraduate curricula.
A combined therapy of myo-inositol, d-chiro-inositol and l-methyl folate vs metformin improves women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Parvez Saba , Hameed Aleena , Siddique Sadia , Zubair Amraha , Khan Auon Zaib , Mumtaz Hassan , Hasan Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a range of blood vessel and heart problems. Cardiovascular complications are any situations that may cause cardiac muscle injury. In terms of mortality rates, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks high. Our study’s primary objective was to examine the effect of polypill on future cardiovascular events in a sizable group of post-MI patients.

Methodology:

A single-blind, randomized controlled trial was done from June 2021 and July 2022. Randomization assigned 1104 patients (552 males and females) to either the polypill group (100 mg Aspirin, 40 mg Atorvastatin, and 10 mg Ramipril) or standard treatment group. The two sample student’s t- test and chi-square test were used to compare the groups.

Results:

People in the experimental group were found to age of 43.44±5.78 years old, while control group were 52.98±5.76 years old. Study group systolic blood pressure was 49.32±1.93 mm Hg, compared to control group’s 48.34±10.07 mm Hg. The average range for LDL levels mg/dl in the study group was 10.39, while control group ranged from 29.09 to 27.62. 165 patients (29.89%) died in study group & 247 (44.74%) patients had improved quality of life. 214 (38.76%) patients died in control group and only 127 (23%) patients had improved quality of life.

Conclusion:

Combination therapy has been shown to reduce the risk of vascular events and overall mortality in a clinical trial. Although it is important to use caution when interpreting treatment impact in observational studies, the findings of this investigation provide credence to the idea that combination therapy is beneficial.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Children's Illness-Related Concerns Scale
Authors: Almulla Hebah A. , Lewis Frances Marcus , Oxford Monica L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite the effect of maternal breast cancer on many children, there is no valid or reliable quantitative measure of the concern that children attribute to their mothers' disease, which constrains both science and clinical practice.

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and psychometrically evaluate the initial measures of child-reported, illness-related concerns associated with maternal cancer.

Methods

The study was conducted in three phases: scoping review, item extraction from a battery of items obtained from school-aged children about general issues related to their mothers' breast cancer, and testing of the three proposed structural models of these extracted items using confirmatory factor analysis. The scoping review yielded five categories of illness-related concerns: altered family routines, uncertainty, concerns about illness contagion, maternal death, and maternal well-being. To reflect these five categories, 18 items were extracted from a 93-item questionnaire completed by 202 school-aged children regarding their mothers' breast cancer. Next, three structural models were hypothesized to assess the construct validity of illness-related concerns: five-, three-, and one-factor models. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test and compare the models.

Results

The five-factor model best fit the data, and each factor showed adequate internal consistency reliability. These findings align with the a priori five-factor model informed by the scoping review.

Conclusion

The results provide initial evidence of the construct validity of the 18-item Children's Illness-Related Concerns Scale, which can be used to assess children's concerns and inform future intervention studies.
Histological and Immunological Evaluation of the Osteogenic Effects of Compact Bone–Delivered Stem Cell on Spongiosis Bone in the Rat Zygomatic Arch Defect Model
Authors: Tatar Burak Ergün , Gelbal Caner , Uslu Can , Yılmaz Bengi , Tomruk Canberk , Uyanıkgil Yiğit , Akkoç Tunç , Bozkurt Mehmet
Published: September 2023

Background

In stem cell applications, apart from bone marrow and adipose tissue, compact bone is also used as an alternative. However, studies on this subject are limited. In our study, we investigated the effect of stem cell derived from compact bone on rat zygomatic arch defect.

Methods

Fifteen rats were included in the study. Five rats were killed to obtain stem cells before the experiment. The rats were divided into 2 groups with 5 rats each. In group 1, compact bone–derived stem cell was applied. In group 2, adipose tissue–derived stem cell was applied. Right zygomatic arch defect was created in rats in both groups. Zygomatic bones were decellularized by cryosurgery. Stem cells were transferred to zygomatic bones. The number of stem cells, stem cell differentiation, and superficial markers obtained from the groups were examined. Histologically, cell structure, osteocyte count and osteopontin scores, elemental composition of the groups, percentages of resemblance to intact bone, osteocytes numbers, and cells were examined by electron microscopy of the bones in the groups after killing.

Results

The number of stem cells administered to the groups was 5 × 107 and 3.2 × 107 for group 1 and group 2, respectively (P > 0.05). Histologically, the morphology of the cells in group 1 was found to be healthier than group 2. The number of osteocytes was 97.56 ± 15.4 and 132.93 ± 10.8 in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P < 0.05). The osteopontin score was 3.47 ± 0.73 and 65 ± 0.64 in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P < 0.05). In the electron microscope examination, the morphologies of the cells in group 1 were seen more normal. The Ca/P ratio of the groups was 1.51 and 1.59 in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P > 0.05). Osteocyte counts were 10.7 ± 2.8 and 6.1 ± 1.2 in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P < 0.05). Morphological similarity percentages to normal bone were 88.4% and 79.6% in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Stem cells obtained from compact bone gave positive results in zygomatic arch defect. This method can also be used as an alternative in stem cell applications.
Exploring the Role of Central Venous Oxygen Saturation in the Evaluation and Management of Severe Hypoxemia in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Kanj Amjad N. , Rovati Lucrezia , Zambrano Claudia Castillo , Marquez Alberto , Robbins Kellie , Puentes Gustavo Cortes , De Moraes Alice Gallo , Gajic Ognjen
Published: September 2023

Background

While central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) has been used as an endpoint for the treatment of circulatory shock, its role in guiding the evaluation and treatment of patients with severe hypoxemia remains to be assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of low ScvO2 in a cohort of hypoxemic patients and the association of this finding with differences in clinical management and patient outcomes.

Methods

Retrospective review of data from adult ICU patients with hypoxemia who required invasive mechanical ventilation for over 24 hours and had at least one ScvO2 measured within 6 hours of a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 200.

Results

Of 442 mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxemia, 249 (56%) had an ScvO2 < 70%. When compared to patients with ScvO2 ≥ 70%, those with low ScvO2 had worse systemic oxygenation and hemodynamic parameters and were more likely to receive RBC transfusions (31.7% vs 18.1%, p = 0.001), epinephrine (27.3% vs 16.6%, p = 0.007) and inodilators. Outcomes such as median ICU length of stay (7.5 vs 8.3 days, p = 0.337) and hospital mortality (39.8% vs 35.7%, p = 0.389) were not different between groups. When stratified by the central venous-to-arterial CO2 difference (∆PCO2), patients with a low ScvO2 and normal ∆PCO2 had lower median PaO2 and hemoglobin levels and received more RBC transfusions, while those with an increased ∆PCO2 had a lower pulse pressure and cardiac index and were more likely to receive epinephrine and milrinone.

Conclusion

Low ScvO2 is frequently observed in mechanically ventilated patients with severe hypoxemia, and these patients receive different interventions. Clinicians often use therapies targeting systemic oxygen delivery to correct low ScvO2. Prospective research is needed to identify patients with severe hypoxemia that might benefit from interventions targeting systemic oxygen delivery.
CLINICAL UTILITY OF INTERLEUKIN-1 INHIBITORS IN PEDIATRIC SEPSIS
Authors: Manchikalapati Ravi , Schening Jonathon , Farias Andrew J. , Sacco Keith A.
Published: September 2023

The pathophysiology of pediatric sepsis is characterized by increased innate immune activation earlier in life. Interleukin-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis, and ferritin is a stable surrogate biomarker for elevated IL-1 levels. Data in adult sepsis have shown that use of anakinra, an anti–IL-1 receptor antagonist, led to improved clinical outcomes in patients with features of macrophage activation and hyperferritinemia. However, data in pediatric sepsis are lacking. Our narrative review sought to highlight the current understanding of using IL-1 inhibitors in pediatric sepsis. We identified five studies including one case report and four retrospective case series that described clinical outcomes in relation to use of anakinra for secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). A few patients in this pooled heterogenous cohort of 72 patients had concomitant infection meeting the criteria for sepsis. All studies measured ferritin levels and reported a decrease in ferritin after initiating anakinra. Twelve patients died after treatment initiation. There was no clear comparison in clinical outcomes between infected and noninfected patients. The pathophysiology of pediatric sepsis suggests that there is a need for blinded clinical trials using targeted immunomodulation such as IL-1 inhibitors in pediatric sepsis cohort with an immunophenotype suggesting increased innate immune activation.
Proposal of Thalassovita gen. nov. and Alloyangia gen. nov. as replacement names for the illegitimate prokaryotic generic names Thalassobius and Yangia, respectively
Authors: Deshmukh Umakant Bhoopati , Oren Aharon
Published: September 2023

The prokaryotic generic names

Thalassobius

Arahal et al. 2005 and

Yangia

Dai et al. 2006 are illegitimate because they are later homonyms of the genus names

Thalassobius

Solier 1849 (Coleoptera) and

Yangia

Zheng 1997 (fossil Rodentia), respectively Principle two and Rule 51b(4) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes]. We therefore propose the replacement generic names Thalassovita and Alloyangia, with type species Thalassovita gelatinovora and Alloyangia pacifica, respectively.
Bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation of ferroptosis-related genes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia pathogenesis
Authors: Luo Yifan , Zhang Zongli , Xi Shibing , Li Tao
Published: September 2023

Objective

We aimed to study the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) by conducting bioinformatics analyses and identifying and validating the associated ferroptosis-related genes to explore new directions for treating BPD.

Methods

The dataset GSE32472 on BPD was downloaded from the public genome database. Using R language, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the BPD and normal group were screened. In the present study, we adopted weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) for identifying BPD-related gene modules and ferroptosis-related genes were extracted from FerrDb. Their results were intersected to obtain the hub genes. After that, to explore the hub gene-related signaling pathways, the hub genes were exposed to gene ontology enrichment analysis. With the purpose of verifying the mRNA expression of the hub genes, a single-gene gene set enrichment analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were conducted. Immune cell infiltration in BPD was analyzed using the CIBERSORT inverse fold product algorithm.

Results

A total of 606 DEGs were screened. WGCNA provided the BPD-related gene module darkgreen4. The intersection of DEGs, intramodular genes, and ferroptosis-related genes revealed six ferroptosis-associated hub genes (ACSL1,GALNT14,WIPI1,MAPK14,PROK2, andCREB5). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the hub genes screened for BPD were of good diagnostic significance. According to the results of immune infiltration analysis, the proportions of a cluster of differentiation (CD)8, CD4 naive, and memory resting T cells and M2 macrophage were elevated in the normal group, and the proportions of M0 macrophage, resting mast cell, and neutrophils were increased in the BPD group.

Conclusions

A total of six ferroptosis-associated hub genes in BPD were identified in this study, and they may be potential new therapeutic targets for BPD.
Synthetic antifreeze glycoproteins with potent ice-binding activity
Authors: Deleray Anna C. , Saini Simranpreet S. , Wallberg Alexander C. , Kramer Jessica R.
Published: September 2023

Antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) are produced by extremophiles to defend against tissue damage in freezing climates. Cumbersome isolation from polar fish has limited probing AFGP molecular mechanisms of action and limited developing bioinspired cryoprotectants for application in agriculture, foods, coatings, and biomedicine. Here, we present a rapid, scalable, and tunable route to synthetic AFGPs (sAFGPs) usingN-carboxyanhydride polymerization. Our materials are the first mimics to harness the molecular size, chemical motifs, and long-range conformation of native AFGPs. We found that ice-shaping and ice-recrystallization inhibition activity increases with chain length and Ala is a key residue. Glycan structure had only minor effects and all glycans examined displayed antifreeze activity. The sAFGPs are biodegradable, non-toxic, and internalized into endocytosing cells. sAFGPs were found to be bystanders in cryopreservation of human red blood cells. Overall, our sAFGPs functioned as surrogates for bona fide AFGPs, solving a long-standing challenge in access to natural antifreeze materials.
The impact of leadership behaviors on startup's entrepreneurship in Vietnamese Southern areas in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Pham Thi-Hong-Diep , Le Quoc Hoi , Ho Huong
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This paper examines the impact of leadership behaviors on startup's entrepreneurship in Vietnamese southern areas in the time of Covid-19.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses OLS regression model to evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors on startup's entrepreneurship in Vietnamese southern areas. Besides, the paper also uses AHP method to identify the factors that influence leadership behaviors in startups in the context of economic shock like the Covid-19 pandemic.

Findings

Results reveal that the transformational leadership behavior has a positive correlation with startup's entrepreneurship while the transactional and laissez-faire leadership behaviors are negatively related to startup's entrepreneurship. In addition, using AHP method, certain determinants of leadership behaviors in startups have been specified; among which, the most profound influencing factors are respectively hi-tech use (0.081), training policy (0.079) and check (0.78). In contrast, the factors with negligible impacts include recruitment policy (0.004) and culture (0.037) in startups in the context of economic shock like the Covid-19 pandemic.

Research limitations/implications

This research only evaluates this impact in the Covid-19 times. In the future, comparisons between the time after the Covid-19 at traditional enterprises and state enterprises are to be done to clarify the difference of this impact.

Practical implications

By using OLS model and AHP model with the data collected from 209 start-ups, the paper examines the impact of leadership behaviors on start-up's entrepreneurship in the time context of economic shock like the Covid-19 pandemic and propose some recommendations to enhance entrepreneurship in startups in the developing countries.

Social implications

This study is a step forward in the entrepreneurship research branch that investigates the entrepreneurship issue from the perspectives of social and interpersonal processes. With the identification of the leadership behaviors’ role in shaping start-up's entrepreneurship come highly applicable implications towards the emergence of more effective entrepreneurial startups in the time of Covid-19 and this prevalent digital context.

Originality/value

With the identification of the leadership behaviors' role in shaping startup's entrepreneurship come highly applicable implications toward the emergence of more effective entrepreneurial startups in the time of Covid-19 and this prevalent digital context. This study is conducted to analyze the impact of leadership behaviors on startup's entrepreneurship in the southern areas of Viet Nam having the most startups but affected the most seriously by the Covid-19 pandemic, which has not research on this topic for startups in a developing country like Vietnam in the context of an economic shock.
Emotional intelligence and psychological capital as moderators in the relationship between employee commitment and work engagement: evidence from employees in banking from India
Authors: Narayanasami Sangeetha , Joseph Michael Sammanasu , Parayitam Satyanarayana
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to empirically examine the effect of employee commitment (EC) (affective, normative and continuance) and emotional intelligence (EI) on work engagement (WE) (vigor, dedication and absorption). Furthermore, the moderating effects of psychological capital (PsyCap) and EI on strengthening WE are investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

A carefully crafted survey instrument was developed, and data were collected from 511 employees working in the banking sector in southern India. First, the psychometric properties of the measures were checked. Second, the results were analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS macros.

Findings

The results indicate EC and EI positively predict WE; EI moderates the relationship between EC and WE; and PsyCap (second moderator) moderates the relationship between EI (first moderator) and EC influencing WE.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s limitations include the common method and social desirability biases inherent in any social science research based on surveys. However, the authors have taken adequate care to minimize these limitations. In addition, this study has several implications for practicing managers interested in enhancing WE.

Originality/value

The three-way interaction between EC, EI and PsyCap, which is investigated in this study, represents an original and unique contribution to this study. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, previous researchers have not done the moderated-moderation, especially in the context of a developing country such as India. This research advances the growing literature on EC and WE. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Benefits, barriers, and facilitators of developing B2B mobile applications
Authors: Asamoah Daniel Adomako , Dinsmore John Bowman , Swani Kunal
Published: September 2023

Purpose

While few studies have examined business-to-business (B2B) mobile application (app) usage, none have examined the challenges in developing these technological assets. This study aims to examine B2B marketing executives’ perceptions regarding benefits, barriers and facilitators in app development.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey of 311 B2B marketing executives at selling firms in the USA was conducted to identify key themes related to the benefits, barriers and facilitators in developing B2B apps. The research featured “open-ended” questions exclusively, and advanced textual and thematic analysis of executives’ responses produced several key themes.

Findings

Results show that the perceived benefit of lowering customer servicing and costs drives development more so than trying to realize new revenue opportunities (e.g. “saving” vs. “making” money). Achieving internal buy-in/participation was perceived as a larger barrier than the commitment of financial resources. Additionally, training and education were viewed as the strongest facilitators of an app’s success over its design and functionality. Implications for B2B firms are discussed.

Research limitations/implications

The open-ended format of this research captures a greater breadth of perspectives at the expense of more granular analysis of any particular issue.

Originality/value

The themes generated from the responses offer novel insights into the benefits sought in developing an app, as well as the technological, organizational and environmental factors that act as barriers and facilitators. The open-ended format of this research captures a greater breadth of perspectives at the expense of a more granular analysis of any particular issue.
Property tax incentives to divorce strategically
Authors: Santolini Raffaella
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The paper aims to examine the role played by property tax in influencing strategic decisions regarding marital separation and divorce in Italian municipalities.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of 6,458 Italian municipalities by applying the ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variables (IVs) approaches.

Findings

The estimation results show a small increase in marital separations and divorces as the difference between the municipal secondary and primary home tax rate increases. Specifically, an increase of 1‰ in the property tax rate differentials is accompanied by an increase of six marital separations and four divorces per 1,000 inhabitants.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of the analysis is that the strategic behavior of the married couple is inferred from econometric analysis with data aggregated at the municipal level. To investigate this phenomenon more precisely, it would be useful to have individual data collected by surveys on strategic divorce decisions due to property tax incentives.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the scant existing literature on the tax incentives for strategic divorce. It is the first study to empirically investigate the effects of property tax on separation and divorce decisions by investigating the Italian context. In Italy, a property tax was introduced in 1993, encouraging “false” divorces by spouses with a second home since the tax on the secondary home was set at a rate higher than that on the primary residence. Moreover, there were no tax deductions and no additional tax breaks on the secondary home, while they were established on the primary one. Higher property taxes and the absence of tax breaks on the secondary home may have encouraged a strategic behavior whereby many married couples filed for false separation and divorce in order to recover part of property tax rebates.
The maturity of sustainable supply chain management practices: an applied study on pharmaceutical firms
Authors: Laghouag Abderrazak
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to contribute to empirical research dealing with the measurement of green and sustainable supply chain management(SSCM) practices. The paper intends to empirically evaluate the practices maturity related to green supply chain management (GSCM) in one of the most strategic sectors in Saudi Arabia, namely, pharmaceutical sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a research questionnaire, data were collected from 111 respondents in pharmaceutical companies. Data analysis has been conducted based on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program to evaluate the extent to which pharmaceutical companies in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are mature regarding each sustainable SCM dimension.

Findings

The results reflect high adoption of green practices related to SCM by pharmaceutical companies operating in KSA that are highly meeting environmental requirements that represent one of the core objectives of KSA vision 2030.

Research limitations/implications

The study presents a platform based on which future studies can link the maturity of Sustainable SCM with the firm's performance.

Practical implications

This study provided professionals and managers in the pharmaceutical sector with in-depth insights regarding the maturity of their green practices related to SCM. This study also proposed a framework that could be by managers to continuously assess their Sustainable SCM practices.

Originality/value

This research intends to demonstrate to what extent SSCM in pharmaceutical sector are mature.
Exploring the theoretical and practical implications of eigenbehavior at the intersection of second-order cybernetics and ecosystem management
Authors: Miranda Marcelo D. , Abades Sebastián
Published: September 2023

Purpose

In this conceptual paper the authors aim to discuss the implications of a second-order cybernetic approach and eigenbehavior in ecosystem management. The authors argue that traditional management practices rely on the agreement of stakeholders, but this approach cannot satisfy multiple-objective realities, making radical constructivism necessary.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined this conjecture using a multi-agent simulation exercise. Agents display individual behavior consistent with the organizing principles proposed by von Foerster (eigenform and eigenbehavior), Hoffman (perception and fitness) and Maturana (domains of realization). This exercise is complemented with an ecosystem management classification exercise to show how convergence is achieved when a team of trained professionals describes entities of low versus high complexity in a spatially explicit domain.

Findings

The authors showed that eigenforms can diverge significantly depending on the complexity of the problem. The capacity of observers to stabilize an eigenform and create a common ground for understanding depends on the complexity of the problem at hand and their cognitive diversity. The authors highlighted the difficulties that arose when observation and modification through the intervention of the environment cannot be detached. The authors argue that this situation deeply permeates ecosystem resource management due to the unpredictable outcomes displayed by entities embedded into open system dynamics.

Originality/value

Finally, the authors propose that the association between indication and transformation can be operationally interconnected as Eigenperception, which corresponds to a novel dynamic state bridging the gap between noise and eigenform. This concept of Eigenperception encapsulates entities that arise from eigenbehavior, encompassing observations, meanings, human transformative actions and ecological processes, all in a simultaneous manner.
The impact of skippable advertising on advertising avoidance intention in China
Authors: Yin Shimin , Li Bin , Zhou Qi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Skippable video advertising offers users the option to skip directly to their desired video content after viewing a limited amount of advertising and is becoming a format increasingly preferred by advertisers. This study constructed a mediator model based on advertising attitude to examine the influence of users' perceived control and perceived intrusiveness on brand attitude and advertising avoidance intention in skippable video ads.

Design/methodology/approach

The study considered the structural equation model using a self-reporting measure method. The research model was tested using a sample of 302 respondents.

Findings

The results showed that perceived control positively affected ad and brand attitude and negatively affected advertising avoidance intention. Perceived intrusiveness negatively affected attitudes toward the advertising and the brand but positively affected advertising avoidance intention. Ad attitude and brand attitude had no significant influence on advertising avoidance intention. The results also confirmed that ad attitude mediates the path from perceived control and intrusiveness to brand attitude.

Originality/value

This study further enriches the theoretical development of skippable video ads and expands the perspective and scope of interactive advertising research.
Knowledge sharing in open-source software development communities: a review and synthesis
Authors: Okong’o Winifred , Ndiege Joshua Rumo Arongo
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of the literature on knowledge sharing in open source software (OSS) development communities by examining the existing research and identifying the knowledge gaps and opportunities that can inform areas for future research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review was conducted of literature published between January 2011 and February 2023. A total of 24 papers were identified and reviewed.

Findings

The findings reveal that the literature on knowledge sharing in OSS development communities from developing countries are limited. Additionally, there exists a limited focus on the development of frameworks to support knowledge sharing in OSS communities. The transient nature of OSS development contributors’ results in knowledge loss; thus, knowledge retention needs further investigation.

Research limitations/implications

This study only included papers whose titles, keywords or abstracts included the search keywords “knowledge sharing” and “Open Source Software”. While the keywords were carefully applied, when applying the search, it cannot be ruled that some relevant studies might have been missed. The study was also limited to conferences and journal papers published in English. Despite the limitations, the study provides a systematic review of knowledge sharing in OSS communities and presents findings that can be useful to researchers and practitioners interested in this area.

Originality/value

The study provides a systematic literature review of published papers and identifies themes and future research areas on knowledge sharing in OSS communities. Additionally, this review offers insights into future research avenues for theory, content and context on knowledge sharing in OSS development communities.