bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linker functionalisation triggers an alternative 3D-topology for Zn-isophthalate-4,4′-bipyridine frameworks
Authors: Schneemann Andreas , Rudolf Robin , Henke Sebastian , Takahashi Yukiko , Banh Hung , Hante Inke , Schneider Christian , Noro Shin-ichiro , Fischer Roland A.
Published: May 2017

A series of four Zn2+ metal–organic frameworks containing functionalised isophthalate linkers and 4,4′-bipyridine pillars have been prepared and characterised.
Microwave-assisted deposition of a highly active cobalt catalyst on mesoporous silica for photochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Fenton Thomas , Gillingham Samantha , Jin Tong , Li Gonghu
Published: May 2017

Uniform Co(iii) sites were obtained on the silica surfaces. Thermal treatment under vacuum resulted in significant changes in the properties of the Co(iii) sites.
La(iii) biodistribution profiles from intravenous and oral dosing of two lanthanum complexes, La(dpp)3 and La(XT), and evaluation as treatments for bone resorption disorders
Authors: Weekes D. M. , Cawthray J. F. , Rieder M. , Syeda J. , Ali M. , Wasan E. , Kostelnik T. I. , Patrick B. O. , Panahifar A. , Al-Dissi A. , Cooper D. , Wasan K. M. , Orvig C.
Published: May 2017

Two La3+ containing compounds are tested in vivo as potential oral treatments for osteoporosis.
Straightforward metal-free synthesis of an azacalix[6]arene forming a host–guest complex with fullerene C60
Authors: Chen Zhongrui , Canard Gabriel , Azarias Cloé , Jacquemin Denis , Siri Olivier
Published: May 2017

The straightforward metal-free synthesis of an azacalix[6]arene from simple aryl units is described together with its full characterization. This macrocycle features a rare 1,2,4,5-alternate conformation and is able to form a 1 : 1 stable host–guest complex with C60.
Facile one-step synthesis of a composite CuO/Co3O4 electrode material on Ni foam for flexible supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kim Hee-Je , Kim Sang Yong , Lim Lun Jae , Reddy Araveeti Eswar , Gopi Chandu V. V. Muralee
Published: May 2017

CuO/Co3O4 nanospheres were grown on Ni foam via a simple, one-step hydrothermal synthesis. The resultant CuO/Co3O4 composite electrode exhibits superior specific capacitance and cyclic stability compared to the Co3O4 electrode.
Artificial miniaturized luminescent materials based on perylene-covered glass surfaces
Authors: Mameri Samir , Siekierzycka Joanna R. , Brouwer Albert M.
Published: May 2017

Cu(i)-Catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was used to construct a luminescent monolayer for an ICT-showing pyrrolidino-perylene association (5PMI) on glass surfaces, which represents a rare perylene chromophore, to date, anchored to a solid surface.
Thiophene-benzothiadiazole based D–A1–D–A2 type alternating copolymers for polymer solar cells
Authors: Kini Gururaj P. , Hoang Quoc Viet , Song Chang Eun , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk , So Won-Wook , Uddin Mohammad Afsar , Woo Han Young , Lee Jong-Cheol
Published: May 2017

A series of D–A1–D–A2 type regioregular copolymers based on difluorobenzothiadiazole (DFBT) and dialkoxybenzothiadiazole (ROBT) structures for high performance PSCs.
Liposome encapsulation attenuated venenum bufonis induced vascular irritation in rabbit ear vein via regulating TLR/MAPK/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Cao Qin , Guo Jianming , Qian Dawei , Ma Hongyue , Peng Yunru , Shang Erxin , Zhao Buchang , Duan Jinao
Published: May 2017

Venenum bufonis (VB) induced vascular irritation was related with the regulation of TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and liposome encapsulation significantly attenuated VB induced vascular irritation while maintaining its anticancer activity.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel 12-aryl berberine analogues with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitory activity
Authors: Zhou Xiaobo , Chen Ming , Zheng Zhiyuan , Zhu Guo-Yuan , Jiang Zhi-Hong , Bai Li-Ping
Published: May 2017

Seven novel 12-phenyl berberines (3a–3f,3k) showed more potent inhibitory effect on hypoxia-induced HIF-1 transcriptional activity than the parent berberine.
Highly sensitive pressure switch sensors and enhanced near ultraviolet photodetectors based on 3D hybrid film of graphene sheets decorated with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Guang , Zhang Hulin , Zhang Shangjie , Liao Feiyi , Huang Zhenlong , Bie Bixiong , Lin Yuan
Published: May 2017

Highly sensitive pressure switch sensors and enhanced near ultraviolet photodetectors based on 3D Ag/GNs hybrid film were proposed and fabricated, and this work presented a simple route to obtain high performance devices.
Insight into the role of bound water of a nucleating agent in polymer nucleation: a comparative study of anhydrous and monohydrated orotic acid on crystallization of poly(l-lactic acid)
Authors: Song Ping , Sang Lin , Zheng Liuchun , Wang Chao , Liu Kankan , Wei Zhiyong
Published: May 2017

The bound water of orotic acid and its dehydration transition play a negative role in nucleation effects on PLLA crystallization.
Liquefied walnut shell-derived carbon nanofibrous mats as highly efficient anode materials for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Tao Lei , Zheng Yunwu , Zhang Yanhua , Ma Huan , Di Mingwei , Zheng Zhifeng
Published: May 2017

Mechanically flexible walnut shell-derived carbon nanofibers (CNFs) of 175 nm diameter were fabricated from a liquefied walnut shell—polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid solutionviaconventional electrospinning followed by one-step carbonization.
Highly efficient synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes from organoalane reagents and alkynyl bromides mediated by a nickel catalyst
Authors: Mo Song , Shao Xue-Bei , Zhang Gang , Li Qing-Han
Published: May 2017

Highly efficient and simple cross-coupling reactions of alkynylbromides with organoalane reagents for the synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes derivatives using Ni(OAc)2 (2–5 mol%)/(o-furyl)3P (4–10 mol%) as a catalyst are reported.
Overcoming the blood–brain barrier for glioma-targeted therapy based on an interleukin-6 receptor-mediated micelle system
Authors: Shi Wei , Cui Xuexue , Shi Jinlong , Chen Jian , Wang Yi
Published: May 2017

An interleukin-6 receptor-mediated micelle-drug system was prepared for cascade-targeting chemotherapy of glioma, which exhibited high BBB-crossing and glioma-targeted efficiency.
Dehalogenation of diatrizoate using nanoscale zero-valent iron: impacts of various parameters and assessment of aerobic biological post-treatment
Authors: He Pan-Pan , He Chuan-Shu , Liu Qi , Mu Yang
Published: May 2017

The potential of nanoscale zero-valent iron for dehalogenation of iodinated contrast media was demonstrated.
Green corrosion inhibitors for aluminium and its alloys: a review
Authors: Xhanari Klodian , Finšgar Matjaž , Knez Hrnčič Maša , Maver Uroš , Knez Željko , Seiti Bujar
Published: May 2017

A comprehensive review on natural compounds as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium and aluminium alloys in different solutions is presented.
Facile synthesis of Ag3VO4/β-AgVO3 nanowires with efficient visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Zhonghua , Liu Jiawen
Published: May 2017

Ag3VO4/β-AgVO3 nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by chemical precipitation and hydrothermal method.
Low-temperature solution-processed MoOx as hole injection layer for efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Li Jingling , Guo Qiling , Jin Hu , Wang Kelai , Xu Dehua , Xu Gang , Xu Xueqing
Published: May 2017

In this work, quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) based on a low-temperature solution-processed MoOx hole injection layer were fabricated.
Ab initio mechanical and thermal properties of FeMnP1−xGaxcompounds as refrigerant for room-temperature magnetic refrigeration
Authors: Ma Shuang , Wurentuya B. , Wu Xiaoxia , Jiang Yongjing , Tegus O. , Guan Pengfei , Narsu B.
Published: May 2017

We report here the FeMnP1−xGaxcompounds could be a possible candidate refrigerant for room-temperature magnetic refrigeration.
A general seed-mediated approach to the synthesis of AgM (M = Au, Pt, and Pd) core–shell nanoplates and their SERS properties
Authors: Kumar-Krishnan Siva , Estevez-González M. , Pérez Ramiro , Esparza Rodrigo , Meyyappan M.
Published: May 2017

Graphical abstract describing a general pH-dependent synthetic steps for the preparation of AgM (Au, Pt and Pd) triangular core–shell nanoplates and hollow nanoframes.
Tailor-made zwitterionic polyurethane coatings: microstructure, mechanical property and their antimicrobial performance
Authors: Wang Chunhua , Ma Chunfeng , Mu Changdao , Lin Wei
Published: May 2017

Introduction of zwitterions into polyurethane markedly increases micro-phase separation and tensile property, and endow the surfaces with anti-mold adhesion performance.
Nanocellulose-mediated hybrid polyaniline electrodes for high performance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Zheng Wenzheng , Lv Ruihua , Na Bing , Liu Hesheng , Jin Tianxiang , Yuan Dingzhong
Published: May 2017

Cellulose, abundant in nature, is very attractive for application in energy storage devices.
Temperature-controlled evolution of microstructures that promote charge separation in a TaON photoanode for enhanced solar energy conversion
Authors: Pei Lang , Xu Zhe , Yan Shicheng , Zou Zhigang
Published: May 2017

The microstructure of TaON can be easily tuned by changing the heating temperature via a water-saturated ammonia nitriding route, thus affecting the bulk charge separation and transfer of the material.
The contributions of molecular vibrations and higher triplet levels to the intersystem crossing mechanism in metal-free organic emitters
Authors: Huang Rongjuan , Avó João , Northey Thomas , Chaning-Pearce E. , dos Santos Paloma L. , Ward Jonathan S. , Data Przemyslaw , Etherington Marc K. , Fox Mark A. , Penfold Thomas J. , Berberan-Santos Mário N. , Lima João C. , Bryce Martin R. , Dias Fernando B.
Published: May 2017

Dual luminescence (RTP and TADF) is observed in a series of donor–acceptor–donor molecules.
BRMS1 gene expression may be associated with clinico-pathological features of breast cancer
Authors: Lin Li-Zhong , Cai Miao-Guo , Dai Yue-Chu , Zheng Zhi-Bao , Jiang Fang-Fang , Shi Li-Li , Pan Yin , Song Han-Bing
Published: May 2017

Our aim is to investigate whether or not the breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) gene expression is directly linked to clinico-pathological features of breast cancer. Following a stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, case–control studies with associations between BRMS1 and breast cancer were selected from articles obtained by way of searches conducted through an electronic database. All statistical analyses were performed with Stata 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, U.S.A.). Ultimately, 1,263 patients with breast cancer were found in a meta-analysis retrieved from a total that included 12 studies. Results of our meta-analysis suggested that BRMS1 protein in breast cancer tissues was significantly lower in comparison with normal breast tissues (odds ratio, OR = 0.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04–0.15). The BRMS1 protein in metastatic breast cancer tissue was decreased than from that was found in non-metastatic breast cancer tissue (OR = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.13–0.29), and BRMS1 protein in tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages 1 and 2 was found to be higher than TNM stages 3 and 4 (OR = 4.62, 95%CI = 2.77–7.70). BRMS1 protein in all three major types of breast cancer was lower than that of control tissues respectively. We also found strong correlations between BRMS1 mRNA levels and TNM stage and tumor size. The results our meta-analysis showed that reduction in BRMS1 expression level was linked directly to clinico-pathological features of breast cancer significantly; therefore, suggesting the loss of expression or reduced levels of BRMS1 is potentially a strong indicator of the metastatic capacity of breast cancer with poor prognosis.
Speed synchronism of permanent magnet synchronous motor with dual contra‐rotating rotors under load variation
Authors: Zhong Yichang , Huang Shoudao , Luo Derong , He Ruizhi
Published: May 2017

A new control approach for speed synchronism of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with dual contra‐rotating rotors is developed. During recent years, the PMSM with dual contra‐rotating rotors has become a hot topic in academic research due to its high efficiency and simple structure. However, it is difficult to guarantee the stability of the system when the motor runs under the condition of load variation. To make sure the stability of PMSM with dual contra‐rotating rotors in all cases, a master–slave motor control method is proposed. To improve the performance and system robustness, a sliding model control method is chosen as speed control law. The proposed control strategy is implemented on a TMS320F28335 DSP board. The test results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Customer‐driven demand response model for facilitating roof‐top PV and wind power integration
Authors: Mahmoudi Nadali , Shafie‐khah Miadreza , Saha Tapan K. , Catalão João P.S.
Published: May 2017

Integrating wind and solar energy resources poses intermittency to power systems, which faces independent system operators with new technical and economic challenges. This study proposes a novel model to integrate the uncertainties of wind power on the supply side and roof‐top solar photovoltaic (PV) on the demand side. To cope with their uncertainties, a demand response (DR) aggregator is proposed, which is enabled to participate in reserve markets. To this end, a new DR model is developed considering both customers’ options to reduce and increase load through the DR aggregator. As such, besides improving the existing DR models (load shifting and curtailment), two DR programmes, i.e. load growth and load recovery, are mathematically modelled. Numerical studies indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model to reduce the total operation cost of the system and facilitate the integration of wind power and roof‐top PV.
Robust adaptive beamforming based on sparse representation technique
Authors: Li Hui , Zhao Yongbo , Cheng Zengfei , Liu Ziwei , Shui Penglang
Published: May 2017

The problem of robust adaptive beamforming is addressed within the sparse representation framework. The basic idea of the proposed method is to calculate the adaptive beamformer (BF) with the combination of some easily obtained basic BFs, i.e. the conventional data‐independent BFs and the loaded sample matrix inversion BFs. Through using the prior information of the spatial angular sector in which the signal of interest is located, a set of basic BFs pointed at this angular sector are calculated firstly. Then based on the observation that an adaptive BF with favourable performance can be obtained by the combination of only several basic BFs, a new sparse representation‐based optimisation model is proposed to search for the adaptive BF. However, the initial optimisation model involves a non‐convex constraint which makes the problem intractable. The authors show that the non‐convex constraint can be relaxed properly and replaced with a convex one, and the resulting problem can be solved effectively with the interior point method. The obtained BF is robust against model mismatch caused by look direction error, imperfect array calibration etc. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method are demonstrated through extensive numerical experiments.
Fast network restoration by partitioning of parallel black start zones
Authors: Shen Cong , Kaufmann Paul , Braun Martin
Published: May 2017

The restoration of large electrical power systems after a blackout is often a challenging task. A typical restoration process includes the partitioning of the power systems into subsystems and the successive booting of large non‐black start (NBS) units by black start (BS) units. A proper partitioning of the starting zone can reduce the restoration time significantly.

This paper investigates a novel network partitioning algorithm to improve the restoration time and ratio of generation and load in each subsystem. The proposed algorithm consists of three stages. In the first stage, the number of subsystems is determined by the number of available BS units and their electrical distance. In the second stage, NBS units are assigned to each subsystem in the way that the rebooting time difference among subsystems is minimised. In the third stage, the substations are assigned to one of the subsystems to achieve the optimal ratio of generation and load in each subsystem.

With the proposed algorithm, the switching transient and steady‐state over‐voltages at the receiving end of unload lines are kept within acceptable ranges and the self‐excitation phenomenon does not occur in the subsystems. Furthermore, the start‐up sequence of NBS units in each subsystem is determined simultaneously. The proposed algorithm is flexible and can be adjusted very easily according to the real status of the power system. The validity and performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulations using a New England 39 Nodes network and a real network from south China.
Preparation and oxidation behaviour of cobalt‐coated copper powder
Authors: Oh Sang Joo , Lee Jong‐Hyun
Published: May 2017

Spherical copper (Cu) particles with an average particle size of ∼2 µm were coated with cobalt (Co) via electroless plating in an acid bath to prepare Co‐coated Cu particles. The prepared particles maintained the initial core–shell structure even under heating up to 350°C in air. However, as the temperature exceeded 350°C, oxide phases of the Co3O4, CuO, and Cu2 O phases were formed with microstructural change. Immediately after the oxidation of the Co shell, out‐diffusion of the Cu core through the relatively porous cobalt oxide shell and copper oxidation occurred, thereby forming the outermost copper oxide shell. At 400°C, the copper oxide shell grew and the destruction of the cobalt oxide shell oxidised the edge region of an initial copper core. At the highest temperature of 600°C, a hole was formed at the centre of a particle due to excess out‐diffusion of Cu.
Thiamine‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Ag2 S microcrystals and their optical properties
Authors: Cui Xingyu , Yuan Chen , Li Sha , Hu Tong , Bao Jiehua , Chen Shuwei
Published: May 2017

Facile thiamine‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of silver sulphide (Ag2 S) microcrystals in the water/ethanol binary solution is reported. The reaction conditions including the contents of reactants, solvents and reaction times, were optimised. The morphology, phase composition and optical properties of the as‐prepared Ag2 S product were characterised with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectrometry and photoluminescence (PL). The results indicate that the synthesised cubic Ag2 S microcrystals have strong PL in the blue‐light range. A possible synthesis mechanism was proposed for the cubic Ag2 S microcrystals. It is noteworthy that no toxic hydrogen sulphide was released from the environmentally friendly synthesis reaction proposed in the present work. This is for the first time that thiamine, an ordinary and cheap biomolecule, was used as the S source for the preparation of Ag2 S microcrystals.
Rapidly convergent Steffensen-based methods for unconstrained optimization
Authors: Afzalinejad Mohammad
Published: May 2017

A problem with rapidly convergent methods for unconstrained optimization like the Newton’s method is the computational difficulties arising specially from the second derivative. In this paper, a class of methods for solving unconstrained optimization problems is proposed which implicitly applies approximations to derivatives. This class of methods is based on a modified Steffensen method for finding roots of a function and attempts to make a quadratic model for the function without using the second derivative. Two methods of this kind with non-expensive computations are proposed which just use first derivative of the function. Derivative-free versions of these methods are also suggested for the cases where the gradient formulas are not available or difficult to evaluate. The theory as well as numerical examinations confirm the rapid convergence of this class of methods.
Intestinal Stomas—Postoperative Stoma Care and Peristomal Skin Complications
Authors: Steinhagen Emily , Colwell Janice , Cannon Lisa
Published: May 2017

Intestinal stomas are necessary for several colon and rectal conditions and represent a major change in the new ostomate's daily life. Though dehydration is the most frequent etiology requiring readmission, irritant contact dermatitis and a host of other peristomal skin conditions are more common complications for ostomates. Wound, ostomy, and continence nurses are invaluable resources to both ostomy patients and providers. A few simple interventions can prevent or resolve most common peristomal complications. Good stoma care is possible in a resource-poor environment.
Stoma Complications
Authors: Krishnamurty Devi , Blatnik Jeffrey , Mutch Matthew
Published: May 2017

When created properly, an ileostomy or colostomy can dramatically improve a patient's quality of life. Conversely, when a patient develops complications related to their stoma, the impact on physical and mental health can be profound. Unfortunately, significant morbidity is associated with stoma creation conveying high rates of both early and late-term complications. Early complications include stomal ischemia/necrosis, retraction, mucocutaneous separation, and parastomal abscess. Late complications include parastomal hernia, prolapse, retraction, and varices. This review will discuss commonly occurring nondermatological stoma complications and detail management strategies for the ostomate and the surgeon.
Interstitial Lung Disease in Women of Child-Bearing Age
Authors: Mylvaganam Ruben , Dua Sakshi , Nelson-Piercy Catherine , Mathur Aditi
Published: May 2017

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an inflammatory and fibrotic infiltrative process of the lung that is often associated with collagen vascular disease in women. Untreated, it results in collagen deposition in the lung interstitium that can lead to a slow suffocating death. Pregnancy planning is often not discussed with women who have ILD due to concerns about potentially aggravating the disease process, or due to lack of knowledge about the safety of medications used to treat ILD. With improved understanding of the pathophysiology of both autoimmune disease and ILD, it has become clear that safe, planned pregnancies are possible in most women with ILD. In this article, our aim is to review diagnosis, treatment, and disease course of ILD in women who are planning a pregnancy or are pregnant. Better understanding of the disease process and knowledge of safe treatments will likely lead to improved pregnancy planning in women with ILD.
Primary versus Staged Closure of Exomphalos Major: Cardiac Anomalies Do Not Affect Outcome
Authors: Rees Clare , Tullie Lucinda , Pierro Agostino , Kiely Edward , Curry Joe , Cross Kate , Yates Robert , Eaton Simon , De Coppi Paolo
Published: May 2017

Aim The objective of the study is to describe management of exomphalos major and investigate the effect of congenital cardiac anomalies.

Methods A single-center retrospective review (with audit approval) was performed of neonates with exomphalos major (fascial defect ≥ 5cm ± liver herniation) between 2004 and 2014.

Demographic and operative data were collected and outcomes compared between infants who had primary or staged closure. Data, median (range), were analyzed appropriately.

Results A total of 22 patients were included, 20 with liver herniation and 1 with pentalogy of Cantrell. Gestational age was 38 (30–40) weeks, birth weight 2.7 (1.4–4.6) kg, and 13 (60%) were male. Two were managed conservatively due to severe comorbidities, 5 underwent primary closure, and 15 had application of Prolene (Ethicon Inc) mesh silo and serial reduction. Five died, including two managed conservatively, none primarily of the exomphalos. Survivors were followed up for 38 months (2–71). Cardiac anomalies were present in 20 (91%) patients: 8 had minor and 12 major anomalies. Twelve (55%) patients had other anomalies. Primary closure was associated with shorter length of stay (13 vs. 85 days, p = 0.02), but infants had similar lengths of intensive care stay, duration of parenteral feeds, and time to full feeds. Infants with cardiac anomalies had shorter times to full closure (28 vs. 62 days, p = 0.03), but other outcomes were similar.

Conclusion Infants whose defect can be closed primarily have a shorter length of stay, but other outcomes are similar. Infants with more significant abdominovisceral disproportion are managed with staged closure; the presence of major cardiac anomalies does not affect surgical outcome.
Prosthetics in Facial Reconstruction
Authors: Klimczak Jaclyn , Helman Samuel , Kadakia Sameep , Sawhney Raja , Abraham Manoj , Vest Allison K. , Ducic Yadranko
Published: May 2017

Reconstruction of the head and neck can be a challenging undertaking owing to numerous considerations for successful rehabilitation. Although head and neck defects were once considered irretrievably morbid and associated with a poor quality of life, advances in surgical technique has immensely contributed to the well-being of these patients. However, all patients are not suitable surgical candidates and many have sought nonsurgical options for functional and cosmetic restoration. As such, the advent of prostheses has ameliorated those concerns and provided a viable alternative for select patient populations. Prosthetic reconstruction has evolved significantly over the past decade. Advances in biocompatible materials and imaging adjuncts have spurred further discovery and forward progress. A multidisciplinary approach to head and neck reconstruction focused on appropriate expectations and patient-centered goals is most successfully coordinated by a team of head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, and prosthetic specialists. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the current trends for prosthetic rehabilitation of head and neck defects, and further elaborate on the limitations and advancements in the field.
Assessment of Iron Status and the Effect of Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Premature Infants
Authors: Weinheimer Claudia , Burdine Jordan , Luedtke Sherry , Adesanya Olubukunola
Published: May 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate iron deficiency in preterm infants and determine impact of blood transfusions on serum iron (SI) and ferritin (FTN).

Study Design A prospective evaluation of baseline and weekly hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct), SI, FTN levels in premature infants with birth weights (BWs) < 2,500 g or gestational age (GA) < 34 weeks was performed to determine the impact of GA, BW, and blood transfusion on iron status. Comparisons of the baseline and 1 month values of these measures were performed as well as pre- and posttransfusion.

Results In 125 preterm infants, the mean Hgb, Hct, and SI levels at birth were lower for infants < 28 weeks GA. Post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant lower iron values in infants ≤ 28 weeks GA compared with infants at 28 to 34 weeks GA (p = 0.013) and infants ≥ 34 weeks GA (p = 0.007). FTN and SI values at 1 month were not significantly impacted by blood transfusions.

Conclusion Infants < 28 weeks have lower SI levels at birth. The SI and FTN at 1 month of age were not significantly influenced by blood transfusions.
Serum Endocan Level as a Predictive Marker for Hemodynamically Significant Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth Weight İnfants
Authors: Tayman Cuneyt , Cakır Ufuk , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet , Serkant Utku , Oğuz Serife , Halil Halit
Published: May 2017

Background Diagnosis and treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants is still an important problem for clinicians. Echocardiography is the gold standard for determination of PDA based on clinical and hemodynamic significance. Clinical decision making may be aided by measuring circulating biomarkers such as natriuretic and endothelial propeptides. We aimed to investigate the significance of serum endocan and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the diagnosis and follow-up of hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) in very low birth weight infants.

Materials and Methods In this study, 84 premature infants with gestation age less than 32 weeks were included. Forty-two premature infants with hsPDA were determined as the study group and 42 premature infants without PDA were assigned as the control group. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for serum endocan and pro-BNP levels.

Results Serum levels of pro-BNP and endocan in the study group at the time of diagnosis of PDA were found to be significantly higher than the control group, and the levels decreased significantly after medication. Multivariate regression analysis showed that birth weight and the presence of PDA were significantly correlated with serum endocan levels. The cutoff values of pro-BNP and endocan for PDA prediction were 290 pg/mL and 506 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusion Endocan and pro-BNP assays have clinical importance in the diagnosis, initiation therapy, and follow response to therapy in very low birth weight infants with hsPDA.
Safely Decreasing Rigid Bronchoscopies for Foreign-Body Aspiration in Children: An Algorithm for the Emergency Department
Authors: Haller Layla , Barazzone-Argiroffo Constance , Vidal Isabelle , Corbelli Regula , Anooshiravani-Dumont Mehrak , Mornand Anne
Published: May 2017

Introduction Rigid bronchoscopy was traditionally performed in the management of foreign-body aspiration (FBA). More recently, since development of a less invasive method, flexible bronchoscopy has been proposed in some centers for the management of FBA. For the past few years, we have applied a decisional algorithm, privileging flexible bronchoscopy for diagnosis and, in some cases, for extraction of foreign body (FB). Our aims are first to analyze our current management of FBA and second to examine the bronchoscopic findings and complications.

Materials and Methods Retrospective medical chart review of all patients with clinical suspicion of FBA who underwent bronchoscopy (flexible and/or rigid) from 2009 through 2014.

Results An FB was found in 23 (33%) of the 70 patients included in the study (45 boys, 25 girls; median age: 21.5 months). Diagnosis of FBA was made on first intention in 22/23 (96%) and extraction was performed in 7/23 (30%) by flexible bronchoscopy. Rigid bronchoscopy was necessary for the extraction of the 16/23 (70%) remaining FBs. The rigid procedure was performed as first intention in only two (3%) patients, and one of the two was negative. Among the clinical signs of FBA, none were > 90% specific except for apnea (100%), but which was poorly sensitive (22%). Seven clinical and radiologic signs were found to be significantly different between FB+ and FB− groups: sudden choking, cyanosis, apnea, decreased breath sounds, atelectasis, mediastinal shift, and air trapping. Conversely, when none of these symptoms or signs and no clear history of sudden choking were present (in 15/70 patients), no FB was found. No life-threatening complications or death were observed.

Conclusion Our current management of FBA allows us to avoid almost all negative rigid bronchoscopies. In addition, we identified some symptoms and clinical and radiologic signs whose absence was highly predictive of negative bronchoscopy. We propose a novel algorithm for management of FBA that will help decrease the number of negative bronchoscopies.
Neuer Jahrgang – neues Layout!
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: May 2017

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

schon als Sie die erste „Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie“ (ZGN) des Jahres 2017 aus Ihrem Briefkasten oder Postfach genommen haben, wird Ihnen aufgefallen sein, dass „irgendetwas anders ist“. Richtig! Mit Beginn des 221. Jahrgangs erscheint die ZGN – ebenso wie ein Großteil der Fachzeitschriften des Thieme-Verlags – in einem neuen Design, das einen zeitgemäßen und übersichtlicheren Eindruck vermittelt und dabei sowohl an bewährten Erkennungsmerkmalen (allen voran der verlagstypischen Farbgebung) festhält als auch besser an die moderne Nutzung in elektronischen und Print-Medien angepasst ist. Der Verlag hofft auf Ihren Zuspruch zu dem neuen „Outfit“ und freut sich über eine entsprechende Resonanz.
Risikofaktoren des postoperativen Deliriums in der Herzchirurgie.
Authors: Gernhardt Christian , Kluge Sophie , Meon Mira , Schmidtke Claudia , Karluß Antje , Sedemund-Adib Beate , Wetterling Tilman , Sievers Hans-Hinrich , Junghanns Klaus
Published: May 2017

Hintergrund Das Delir ist eine häufige Komplikation nach Herzoperationen und mit negativen Folgen wie erhöhter Mortalität und Morbidität verbunden. Daher ist die Kenntnis von Risikofaktoren für präventive Maßnahmen erforderlich.

Fragestellung Welches sind prädisponierende Risikofaktoren des Delirs?

Methodik Prospektive Longitudinalstudie an 241 elektiven herzchirurgischen Patienten mit präoperativer Erhebung potenzieller Risikofaktoren und zweifach täglicher Delirmessung über die ersten 5 postoperativen Tage.

Ergebnisse 13 % der Patienten erlitten ein Delir. Verminderte kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit (OR: 3,80; 95 %-KI: 1,66 – 8,66), höhere Komorbidität (OR: 1,36; 95 %-KI: 1,07 – 1,73) und höheres Alter (OR: 1,08; 95 %-KI: 1,02 – 1,13) konnten als Risikofaktoren für ein Delir ermittelt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Ein Delir nach Herzoperation ist häufig. Insbesondere kognitiv eingeschränkte, kränkere, ältere Patienten sind betroffen.
Beobachten statt funktionieren
Authors: Marquardt Katja
Published: May 2017

Interview Claudia Strothoff arbeitet auf einer tagesklinischen Station der
Kinderpsychiatrie am Uniklinikum Münster und ist dort auch als Praxisanleiterin
tätig. Im Gespräch mit der PPH erzählt die Gesundheits- und
Kinderkrankenpflegerin, die zurzeit eine Ausbildung zum systemischen Elterncoach
absolviert, von ihren Erfahrungen mit Pflegeschülern in der Psychiatrie.
Cocos nucifera Oil Decreases Edema and Mechanical Hypernociception Induced by Bothrops jararacussu Venom in Mice
Authors: Lisboa-Neto Álvaro , Ribeiro Anita , Feitosa Eliane , Wanderley Carlos , de Oliveira Ana , Almeida Jackson , Palheta-Junior Raimundo
Published: May 2017

Bothropic venoms cause intense local damage, pain, edema, and myonecrosis. Cocos nucifera is the naturally most widespread fruit plant on Earth, and both the fruit and the plant have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of several inflammatory disorders. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of virgin coconut oil that was obtained from C. nucifera on paw lesions that were induced by venom from the Bothrops jararacussu snake in mice. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical profile of virgin coconut oil. The analysis of the main components showed that saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were prominent components of the oil. Virgin coconut oil at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg reduced local edema that was induced by B. jararacussu venom. The 200-mg dose of virgin coconut oil prevented edema that was induced by histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin. However, virgin coconut oil did not prevent edema that was induced by substance P or prostaglandin E2. Virgin coconut oil also reduced peritoneal leukocyte infiltration that was induced by carrageenan and also decreased B. jararacussu venom-induced mechanical hypernociception of the paw. Virgin coconut oil exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on paw injury that was induced by B. jararacussu venom in mice, most likely by inhibiting leukocyte migration and reducing the action of the same inflammatory agents. The analgesic activity of virgin coconut oil appears to depend on opioid receptors.
„Die Krücke steht in der Ecke …“ – Erfahrungen psychisch kranker Menschen in einem Versorgungsmodell der ambulanten sektorenübergreifenden vernetzten Versorgung
Authors: Magez Julia , Ruppert Daniel , Valentini Jan , Stegbauer Constance , Götz Katja
Published: May 2017

Das Ziel der qualitativen Studie war es, die Erfahrungen psychisch Erkrankter mit der Versorgung im NetzWerk psychische Gesundheit (NWpG) zu erheben. Die Rekrutierung erfolgte über die Netzwerke. Es fanden Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt 40 Patienten in 5 Netzwerken statt. Die Analyse der Fokusgruppen wurde mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse durchgeführt. Die Versorgung im NWpG wurde durchwegs positiv wahrgenommen. Bedürfnisorientiertheit, 24-Stunden-Erreichbarkeit per Telefon, der Einbezug von Angehörigen sowie auch aufsuchende Betreuung wurden als relevant für die eigene Versorgung erlebt. Ein eigenverantwortliches und selbstständiges Dasein wird durch das NWpG gezielt unterstützt.
Telemedizin: Chancen und Grenzen in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Deisz Robert , Rademacher Susanne , Marx Gernot
Published: May 2017

Tele-Intensivmedizin ist eine Möglichkeit, das Behandlungsergebnis, gemessen an der Sterblichkeit, Behandlungsdauer sowie Morbidität, zu verbessern. Sie ermöglicht wohnortnahe intensivmedizinische Versorgung und die Möglichkeit des Daten- und Informationsaustauschs mit spezialisierten Zentren in Echtzeit. Im Folgenden stellen wir die unterschiedlichen Realisierungsmöglichkeiten und ihre Effekte sowie die Grenzen der Tele-Intensivmedizin dar.
Transient propagation dynamics of flowing plasmas accelerated by radio-frequency electric fields
Authors: Dedrick James , Gibson Andrew Robert , Rafalskyi Dmytro , Aanesland Ane
Published: May 2017

Flowing plasmas are of significant interest due to their role in astrophysical phenomena and potential applications in magnetic-confined fusion and spacecraft propulsion. The acceleration of a charge-neutral plasma beam using the radio-frequency self-bias concept could be particularly useful for the development of neutralizer-free propulsion sources. However, the mechanisms that lead to space-charge compensation of the exhaust beam are unclear. Here, we spatially and temporally resolve the propagation of electrons in an accelerated plasma beam that is generated using the self-bias concept with phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. When combined with measurements of the extraction-grid voltage, ion and electron currents, and plasma potential, the pulsed-periodic propagation of electrons during the interval of sheath collapse at the grids is found to enable the compensation of space charge.
Fluid simulation of species concentrations in capacitively coupled N2/Ar plasmas: Effect of gas proportion
Authors: Liang Ying-Shuang , Liu Gang-Hu , Xue Chan , Liu Yong-Xin , Wang You-Nian
Published: May 2017

A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model and the experimental diagnostic are employed to investigate the dependencies of species concentrations on the gas proportion in the capacitive N2/Ar discharges operated at 60 MHz, 50 Pa, and 140 W. The results indicate that the N2/Ar proportion has a considerable impact on the species densities. As the N2 fraction increases, the electron density, as well as the Ar+ and Arm densities, decreases remarkably. On the contrary, the N2+ density is demonstrated to increase monotonically with the N2 fraction. Moreover, the N density is observed to increase significantly with the N2 fraction at the N2 fractions below 40%, beyond which it decreases slightly. The electrons are primarily generated via the electron impact ionization of the feed gases. The electron impact ionization of Ar essentially determines the Ar+ density. For the N2+ production, the charge transition process between the Ar+ ions and the feed gas N2 dominates at low N2 fraction, while the electron impact ionization of N2 plays the more important role at high N2 fraction. At any gas mixtures, more than 60% Arm atoms are generated through the radiative decay process from Ar(4p). The dissociation of the feed gas N2 by the excited Ar atoms and by the electrons is responsible for the N formation at low N2 fraction and high N2 fraction, respectively. To validate the simulation results, the floating double probe and the optical emission spectroscopy are employed to measure the total positive ion density and the emission intensity originating from Ar(4p) transitions, respectively. The results from the simulation show a qualitative agreement with that from the experiment, which indicates the reliable model.
Time-resolved, dual heterodyne phase collection transient grating spectroscopy
Authors: Dennett Cody A. , Short Michael P.
Published: May 2017

The application of optical heterodyne detection for transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) using a fixed, binary phase mask often relies on taking the difference between signals captured at multiple heterodyne phases. To date, this has been accomplished by manually controlling the heterodyne phase between measurements with an optical flat. In this letter, an optical configuration is presented which allows for collection of TGS measurements at two heterodyne phases concurrently through the use of two independently phase controlled interrogation paths. This arrangement allows for complete, heterodyne amplified TGS measurements to be made in a manner not constrained by a mechanical actuation time. Measurements are instead constrained only by the desired signal-to-noise ratio. A temporal resolution of between 1 and 10 s, demonstrated here on single crystal metallic samples, will allow TGS experiments to be used as an in-situ, time-resolved monitoring technique for many material processing applications.
A prospectus on kinetic heliophysics
Authors: Howes Gregory G.
Published: May 2017

Under the low density and high temperature conditions typical of heliospheric plasmas, the macroscopic evolution of the heliosphere is strongly affected by the kinetic plasma physics governing fundamental microphysical mechanisms. Kinetic turbulence, collisionless magnetic reconnection, particle acceleration, and kinetic instabilities are four poorly understood, grand-challenge problems that lie at the new frontier of kinetic heliophysics. The increasing availability of high cadence and high phase-space resolution measurements of particle velocity distributions by current and upcoming spacecraft missions and of massively parallel nonlinear kinetic simulations of weakly collisional heliospheric plasmas provides the opportunity to transform our understanding of these kinetic mechanisms through the full utilization of the information contained in the particle velocity distributions. Several major considerations for future investigations of kinetic heliophysics are examined. Turbulent dissipation followed by particle heating is highlighted as an inherently two-step process in weakly collisional plasmas, distinct from the more familiar case in fluid theory. Concerted efforts must be made to tackle the big-data challenge of visualizing the high-dimensional (3D-3V) phase space of kinetic plasma theory through physics-based reductions. Furthermore, the development of innovative analysis methods that utilize full velocity-space measurements, such as the field-particle correlation technique, will enable us to gain deeper insight into these four grand-challenge problems of kinetic heliophysics. A systems approach to tackle the multi-scale problem of heliophysics through a rigorous connection between the kinetic physics at microscales and the self-consistent evolution of the heliosphere at macroscales will propel the field of kinetic heliophysics into the future.
Validation of NBudget for estimating soil N supply in Australia's northern grains region in the absence of soil test data
Authors: Herridge David F.
Published: May 2017

Effective management of fertiliser nitrogen (N) inputs by farmers will generally have beneficial productivity, economic and environmental consequences. The reality is that farmers may be unsure of plant-available N levels in cropping soils at sowing and make decisions about how much fertiliser N to apply with limited information about existing soil N supply. NBudget is a Microsoft (Armonk, NY, USA) Excel-based decision support tool developed primarily to assist farmers and/or advisors in Australia’s northern grains region manage N. NBudget estimates plant-available (nitrate) N at sowing; it also estimates sowing soil water, grain yields, fertiliser N requirements for cereals and oilseed crops and N2 fixation by legumes. NBudget does not rely on soil testing for nitrate-N, organic carbon or soil water content. Rather, the tool relies on precrop (fallow) rainfall data plus basic descriptions of soil texture and fertility, tillage practice and information about paddock use in the previous 2 years. Use is made of rule-of-thumb values and stand-alone or linked algorithms describing, among other things, rates of mineralisation of background soil organic N and fresh residue N. Winter and summer versions of NBudget cover the 10 major crops of the region: bread wheat, durum, barley, canola, chickpea and faba bean in the winter crop version; sorghum, sunflower, soybean and mung bean in the summer crop version. Validating the winter crop version of NBudget estimates of sowing soil nitrate-N against three independent datasets (n=65) indicated generally close agreement between measured and predicted values (y=0.91x+16.8; r2=0.78). A limitation of the tool is that it does not account for losses of N from waterlogged or flooded soils. Although NBudget also predicts grain yields and fertiliser N requirements for the coming season, potential users may simply factor predicted soil N supply into their fertiliser decisions, rather than rely on the output of the tool. Decisions about fertiliser N inputs are often complex and are based on several criteria, including attitudes to risk, history of fertiliser use and costs. The usefulness and likely longevity of NBudget would be enhanced by transforming the current Excel-based tool, currently available on request from the author, to a stand-alone app or web-based tool.
Investigating the effect of vetiver and polyacrylamide on runoff, sediment load and cumulative water infiltration
Authors: Amiri Elham , Emami Hojat , Mosaddeghi Mohammad R. , Astaraei Ali R.
Published: May 2017

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental problems currently facing Iran, and soil conservation is crucial for managing natural resources. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a vetiver cultivation system, known to be a valuable bioengineering technique, and polyacrylamide (PAM) addition on runoff, sediment load (SL) and cumulative water infiltration under field conditions in a loamy soil. The experimental treatments were vetiver cultivation, PAM (applied at 20 and 40kgha–1) and a mixture of vetiver and different PAM application rates. Three simulated rainfall intensities of 15, 30 and 45mmh–1 were applied on the treated soils. Runoff and SL were collected at different time steps. The results showed that vetiver significantly decreased runoff and SL and increased cumulative water infiltration at different rainfall intensities, whereas the effect of PAM on runoff, SL and cumulative water infiltration depended on the PAM level. At the 15mmh–1 rainfall intensity, PAM application increased the runoff, but decreased SL and cumulative water infiltration. At the 30mmh–1 rainfall intensity, the 20kgha–1 PAM level decreased the runoff and SL. At the 45mmh–1 rainfall intensity, the higher PAM level was more effective to enhance the cumulative water infiltration and to reduce the runoff and SL. In general, although simultaneous application of vetiver and PAM significantly decreased the runoff volume and SL and increased water infiltration compared with the control, vetiver considerably decreased the runoff and SL. This suggests that vetiver may sufficiently decrease soil erosion and PAM is therefore unnecessary in controlling runoff and soil erosion where vetiver is applied.