bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ‘On Farm’ Hydropriming Conditions In Wheat: Soaking Time And Water Volume Have Interactive Effects On Seed Performance
Authors: Tanwar Hemender , Mor Virender Singh , Sharma Sushma , Khan Mujahid , Bhuker Axay , Singh Vikram , Yadav Jitender , Sangwan Sonali , Singh Jogender , Yashveer Shikha , Singh Kuldeep
Published: December 2021

Seed priming is a simple and cost effective method to obtain a better plant stand under diverse environmental conditions. The current study was designed to determine the optimal priming duration and water volume for wheat seed. For this experiment, three wheat genotypes with distinct genetic and adaptive backgrounds were chosen. Seeds of each genotype were hydroprimed for 7 durations, i.e. 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours, in three different water volumes, i.e. half, equal, and double volume with respect to seed weight. The control was unprimed (dry) seed. The germination characteristics and seedling vigour potential of hydroprimed seeds were evaluated in the lab by recording several parameters such as germination percentage and speed, seedling growth, and vigour indices at two different temperature levels. The results showed that optimal duration for hydropriming of wheat seed is 12 hours with an equal volume with respect to original seed weight, closely followed by 8 hours with double volume. Reduction in seed performance was observed at 16 and 20 hours priming particularly at double volume treatment. Effect of temperature on seed germination showed improvement in seedling vigour at 25°C when compared to 20°C, although germination percentage decreased slightly. Volume of water and priming duration showed significant interactive effects demonstrating that a higher volume can give equivalent results at a shorter duration and vice versa.
Inhibition of Angiogenesis and Tumor Progression of Mk-0429, an Integrin Αvβ3 Antagonist, on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nakagawa Takayuki , Ohta Kouji , Naruse Takako , Sakuma Miyuki , Okuda Satoshi , Fukada Syohei , Yamakado Nao , Akagi Misaki , Sasaki Kazuki , Niwata Chieko , Ono Shigehiro , Takechi Masaaki , Aikawa Tomonao
Published: December 2021

PurposeIntegrin αvβ3 is an essential molecule for tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effect of MK-0429, an integrin αvβ3 antagonist, on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effect of MK-0429 on cellular function and angiogenesis in vitro with the use of an immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUEhT-1, which is immortalized by the electroporatic transfection of hTERT. The effect of MK-0429 on the integrin αvβ3 signaling pathway was examined by FAK and ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. The anti-angiogenic effect of MK-0429 was evaluated by in vitro tube formation assay. The anti-tumor effect on OSCC was assessed by administrating MK-0429 to mouse oral cancer xenografts.ResultsMK-0429 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion of HUEhT-1 in a dose-dependent manner. FAK and ERK phosphorylation were significantly blocked by MK-0429 treatment. Tube formation was suppressed by MK-0429 in dose-dependent manner. Tumor progression was significantly suppressed by MK-0429 administration in mouse oral cancer xenografts. Histological study revealed that MK-0429 decreased tumor vascularization.ConclusionThese results indicated integrin αvβ3 as a therapeutic target for OSCC and suggested that MK-0429 might be clinically applicable as an anti-tumor agent with potent antiangiogenic activity.
Reduction of Environmental Chemicals, Toxicity and Particulate Matter in Wet Scrubber Device to Achieve Zero Emissions
Authors: Ramaswamy Krishnaraj , Jule Leta Tesfaye , N Nagaprasad , subramanian Kumaran , R Shanmugam , L Priyanka Dwarampudi
Published: December 2021

When fine particles generated by the foundry industry are present in the atmosphere, they have an impact on the climate because of their influence on atmospheric radioactive phenomena. As a result of this scenario, there is a rising amount of legislation restricting the emission of pollutants from foundry industries and related businesses. In response to this situation, many researchers have concentrated on end-of-pipe technologies, one of which is the wet scrubber, which is a device that is primarily used in foundries to control pollution and is one of the devices that has been incorporated. The disadvantage of using this wet scrubber, on the other hand, is that it contributes to secondary pollution when it is used. In order to combat secondary pollution, a model of an enhanced wet scrubber system that incorporates a multi-sand filtering technology was developed. The performance of this redesigned wet scrubber system was evaluated with the use of computational fluid dynamics software. Because of the introduction of the filtration tank's computation, it was discovered that successful filtration was accomplished using sand filters, meaning that environmental chemicals and particles were totally filtered from 0.17 kg at the entrance to zero kg of particles at the outflow.
Single-cell Sequencing Resolves Landscape of Immune cell and Regulatory Mechanisms in HIV-infected immune non-responders
Authors: Li Haiyu , Wang Yujing , Li Yue , Yang Yi , Xia Yuxin , Liao Kui , Song Fangzhou , Deng Shixiong , chen yaokai
Published: December 2021

Immune non-responder (INR) after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the main cause of opportunistic infection and high mortality in AIDS patients, but the mechanism underlying immune reconstitution failure is poorly understood. Here we performed scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from Immune nonresponder (INR) and responder (IR) HIV-1-infected subjects. We then describe the mitochondrial function of MAIT by flow cytometry in INRs and IRs. We founded there were diminished frequencies and numbers of MAIT cells in INRs, and MAIT cells from INRs displayed transcriptional profiles associated with the impairment of mitochondrial function and apoptosis signaling. ScATAC-seq and flow cytometry revealed diminished mitochondrial fitness in MAIT cells from INRs, and MAIT had low expression of transcription factor A for mitochondria (TFAM) and PPARA. These findings demonstrate the restoring mitochondrial function could modulate the immune dysfunction characteristic of MAIT, which against bacterial co-infections in INRs subjects.
Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of the Anthocyanin Regulatory Networks in Malus Domestica Borkh. Peel with Different Color Patterns
Authors: Duan Pengwei , Ma Xiaojian , Qin Lizhe , Du Jizhuang , Xu Guoliang , Ni Qunzhou , Yang Sumiao , Shi Haiqiang
Published: December 2021

Background:Coloring is an important external quality of ‘Fuji’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and there are two color patterns of apple peels, i.e., stripe and blush. The objectives of this study were to reveal the anthocyanin biosynthesis metabolic pathway in striped and blushed peels of Malus domestica using metabolomics and transcriptomics, to identify different anthocyanin metabolites, and to analyze the differentially expressed genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Result:The metabolite concentration and gene expression were profiled in the striped and blushed fruit peels of apple harvested at three ripening periods to elucidate the color formation mechanism. At the green fruit period, there were 83 DAMs,including 30 flavonoids, 674 DEGs (521 up-regulated and 153 down-regulated),including 3 MYB related genes (up-regulated, LOC103415449, LOC103421948, LOC103432338) and 2 bHLH genes(up-regulated, LOC103436250, LOC103437863) between striped and blushed apple.At the color turning period, there were 48 DAMs,including 20 flavonoids, 880 DEGs (274 up-regulated and 606 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3H genes (down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed BZ1 gene (down-regulated) and 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated) and 2 up-regulated MYB related genes (LOC103411576, LOC103412495), 5 down-regulated MYB related genes(LOC103400953, LOC103408672, LOC103415404, LOC103420697, LOC103421948), 1 differentially expressed bHLH gene(down-regulated, LOC103400870). At the complete coloring period，there were 95 DAMs,including 34 flavonoids, 2258 DEGs (1159 up- and 1099 down-regulated), including 3 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(down-regulated), 1 differentially expressed E2.3.1.133, HCT genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP98A genes (up-regulated), 4 differentially expressed CHS genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed E5.5.1.6 genes(up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed CYP75B1 genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed F3R genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed ANS genes (up-regulated), 1 differentially expressed DFR genes (up-regulated), 2 differentially expressed BZ1 genes (up-regulated) and 1 differentially expressed MYB related gene (up-regulated, LOC103401575) .There were both 10 kinds of cyanidin in apple peel at color turning period and complete coloring period, Keracyanin and Cyanin were up-regulated at color turning period and Cyanidin-3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)glucoside was up-regulated at complete coloring period.Conclusions: Our researches provide important information on the anthocyanin metabolites and the candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways of Fuji apple in M.domestcia.
Imaginary Penalty and Identity Conflict: The Dilemma and Strategies of Multiple identities in Substance Abusers in Chinese Drug Policy
Authors: Song Apei , Ren Zhongyuan
Published: December 2021

Background: Exploring why the national drug policy failed is an important issue. Although the theory of "Imaginary Penalty" points out the relationship between ideology and policy-making, it ignores the systemic nature of drug control and the voice of drug addicts. Methods: This study takes substance abusers who live in urban communities as the research participants. Using qualitative research data, this study explores how individual drug abuse experiences are identified and classified by structural forces and how individuals manage their daily life. Results: The study finds that law enforcement agencies (Narcotics Control Office (NCO), Police Station , and Community Assistance Group (CAG)) have different attitudes toward Substance abusers and generate different managements, forming multiple governance models, and then shaping the multiple and incomplete Substance abusers’ identity dilemma. Drug addicts perceive the dilemma, and they adopt the strategies of spatial isolation (hidden flow), disconnection from experience (temporal isolation), and instrumental cooperation to continuously re-adjust and achieve identity recovery from the bottom up with the "possible citizens" narrative logic. Conclusion/importance: Through evaluating the effectiveness of self-management strategies, this research integrates the Chinese drug rehabilitation situation, expands the specific performance of "Imaginary Penalty" in the law enforcement system, and presents the limitations and positive value of self-management strategies.
Lingual Position of the Wrought Wire Clasp for Removable Partial Dentures Esthetic
Authors: Alfahdawi Ibrahim
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe esthetic repair of a removable partial appliance is a critical function that determines the success of the therapy. The most challenging challenge is to achieve While maintaining stability, retention, and protect teeth's health, optimal esthetics is achieved. Removable partial prosthesis is an odious therapeutic option that we still have to use in some circumstances and is a common procedure. However, these patients anticipate receiving a prosthesis. ObjectiveTo determine wrought wire clasp for removable partial dentures for esthetic. Materials and MethodsAfter taking impressions (primary and final) for the maxilla or the mandible of many patients, stone castings were pouring in class III (dental stone) using a 30 ml water to 100 g powder ratio. For the installation of prosthetic teeth, a uniform denture base plate wax template was made on each stone cast, and lingual clasps were inserted around the abutment teeth. Dental plaster is used to flake the lower piece of the traditional brass flasks (class II). The denture foundation was meticulously deflasked, after the curing cycle, the surplus is removed and the denture surface is polished. ResultsDentures that have been treated using this method have a high level of retention. Excellent aesthetics, make it more sanitary and dentures with the lingual clasps method are more comfortable for the patient. ConclusionDentures made with this procedure have better retention, a better esthetic, are good hygienic, and are high comfortable for the patient than dentures made using labial clasps.
Prognostic Factors for Evolution of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Utilizing Poisson Regression and Continuous Time Markov Chains
Authors: abo-elreesh Iman Mohamed Attia Abd-Elkhalik
Published: December 2021

In the present paper, the deleterious effects of obesity, type 2diabetes and insulin resistance, systolic and diastolic hypertension on the rate of progression of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are illustrated using a new approach utilizing the Poisson regression to model the transition rate matrix. The observed counts in the transition counts matrix are used as response variables and the covariates are the risk factors for fatty liver. Then the estimated counts from running the Poisson regression are used to estimate the transition rates using the continuous time Markov chains (CTMC) followed by exponentiation of the estimated rate matrix to obtain the transition probability matrix at specific time points. Using a hypothetical data of 150 participants followed up every year for a total of 28 years recording their demographic characteristics and their timeline of follow up are demonstrated. The findings revealed that insulin resistance expressed by MOMA-IR 2 has the most deleterious effects among other factors for increasing the rate of forward progression of patients from state 1 to state 2 as well as from state 2 to state 3 and from state 3 to state 4. The higher the level of HOMA-IR is, the more rapid the rate of progression is.
Biomolecular Characterization of Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 Isolated from Soil and Chromatographic Analysis of D-serine in its Cellular Fraction
Authors: Kapil Shikha , Bhattu Monika , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Vipasha
Published: December 2021

The current work was carried out to investigate serine enantiomers in bacterial cells. The bacteria isolated from the pomace dumping soil site (bacteria id A1C1) showed maximum growth (O.D600 = 1.97±0.4 X 109cells/ml) within 48h in the minimal salt media supplemented with L-serine. The isolated strain was identified as ‘Bacillus tequilensis’ through 16sRNA sequencing. The study’s peculiarity reflects the fact that the isolated strain was explored for the first time to detect the presence of serine enantiomers. The strain was quantified for D-serine content by using RP-HPLC. The D-serine concentration was calculated as 0.919±0.02 nM in the bacterial cellular fraction by using a standard curve plot and linear curve equation. Further, recovery % was also calculated for the spiked samples which vary from 85-90%. The optimum growth parameters were recorded as 37℃±0.5, 150±0.5 RPM, and 7±0.5pH. The strain was Gram-positive, rod shape, large, irregular, off-white-coloured, and synthesized endospores. A1C1 showed positive results (within 14±2h of incubation) for indole production, lactose fermentation, and protease (0.9 mm, clear zone). The antibacterial assay showed 5% and 2% efficacy of the extracellular fraction against MTCC 40 and MTCC 11949 respectively within 12h of incubation. These results demonstrate that Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 has antibacterial activity, the potential to secrete extracellular enzymes, and D-serine content in the intracellular fraction of the cultivated cells. Given results demonstrate the industrial significance and implication of the isolated strain for the synthesis of commercially valuable products.
Ploidy Level, Karyotype, and Genome Size of Bletilla Species (Orchidaceae) From China
Authors: He Yan , Yang Lulu , Zhang Yanjun , Liang Qiong
Published: December 2021

Bletilla is an Orchidaceae genus with high medical value, including detumescence, antibacterial, and hemostasis. In this study, detailed estimates of ploidy level, karyotype, and genome size were first obtained, and a comprehensive cytological analysis was carried out to better understand the evolution of the genus. The karyotypes of Bletilla were mainly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes with lengths ranging from 1.25 to 4.93 μm. There was moderate cytological variation in Bletilla (chromosome number 2n = 32 to 76). Diploid with 2n = 34 and 2n = 36 was detected in Bletilla ochracea and Bletilla formosana, respectively, whereas diploid (2n = 32) was dominant in Bletilla striata, dysploidy (2n = 34, 2n = 36) and polyploid (2n = 48, 51, 64, 76) variations were also observed. Three species had a relatively symmetric karyotype, and which of B. ochracea was more asymmetry. The genome size (1C-values) varied from 2.94 pg (B. striata) to 3.33 pg (B. ochracea), of which B. ochracea was significantly larger than the others (P < 0.05). A positive correlation (P < 0.01) between 1Cx vs. haploid chromosome length (HCL) and asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes (AsK%) was observed.
Reduction of Early Fruit Abscission by Main-branch-girdling in Macadamia Is Related to the Favorable Status of Carbohydrates and Endogenous Hormones
Authors: Yang Wei Hai , Lu Chao Zhong , Chen Wei , Xu Huan Yu
Published: December 2021

Fruit abscission occurring severely in the early fruit development affects macadamia yield. Developing effective methods to improve fruit retention is a priority for macadamia cultivation and production. Girdling is an important horticultural practice that has been widely used to increase fruit yield. Previous studies have shown that girdling fails to increase macadamia yield despite enhancing the early fruit set, but few have examined the effect of girdling on its related physiological mechanism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of main-branch girdling (MBG) on early fruit retention and also on the levels of carbohydrates and endogenous hormones in the leaves, bearing shoots and fruit of macadamia. Herein, MBG was performed at fruit set using a single-blade knife on 9-year-old macadamia trees (Macadamia integrifolia). Results showed that MBG significantly reduced young fruit drop, concurrent with significant increases in the contents of starch in both the leaves and the bearing shoots and in glucose, fructose, and sucrose levels in the husk and seed. It was suggested that the availability of carbohydrate for fruit retention was improved by MBG. Additionally, MBG increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin-riboside (ZR, a type of cytokinin) concentrations and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) contents in the husk and the seed, indicating that MBG reduced the early fruit drop by modifying the balance of endogenous hormones. Therefore, a positive interplay between carbohydrates and endogenous hormones induced by MBG was involved in the reduction of early fruit abscission in macadamia.
Different Sweet Orange‒Rootstock Combinations Infected by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus under Greenhouse Conditions: Effects on the Roots
Authors: Bodaghi Shahrzad , Pugina Gabriel , Meyering Bo , Bowman Kim D. , Albrecht Ute
Published: December 2021

Grafting a scion onto a rootstock results in physical and physiological changes in plant growth and development, which can affect tree vigor, productivity, and tolerance to stress and disease. Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive citrus diseases and has become endemic in Florida since its introduction in 2005. It is associated with the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), which cause severe metabolic disruptions in affected plants. Although most scion cultivars are highly susceptible, some rootstock cultivars are tolerant and allow the grafted tree to cope better with the disease. The objectives of this study were to identify rootstock traits that can be used to assess cultivars under controlled greenhouse conditions in advance of longer-term field trials. We used 10 commercially important rootstocks with different genetic backgrounds and known field performance in graft combination with ‘Valencia’ sweet orange scion. Trees were graft-inoculated with CLas and compared against mock-inoculated trees. Tree health and CLas populations were assessed regularly, and root growth was monitored using a minirhizotron imaging system. Plants were excavated and destructively sampled 21 months after inoculation to assess biomass distributions and other CLas-induced effects. We found significant differences between healthy and infected trees for most variables measured, regardless of the rootstock. In contrast to leaf CLas titers, root titers were significantly influenced by the rootstock, and highest levels were measured for ‘Ridge’ sweet orange and sour orange. Root growth and root biomasses were reduced upon infection but differences among rootstocks did not always agree with reported field performances. Despite severe biomass reductions plants maintained their relative distribution of biomass among different components of the root system, and no dead roots were observed. Root respiration was reduced by CLas infection and was overall higher in tolerant cultivars suggesting its potential as a physiological marker. This study improves our knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses of assessing rootstock traits of grafted trees in a controlled greenhouse setting. Results from the study suggest that in addition to HLB tolerance, other rootstock traits will ultimately have major contributions to field survival and productivity of the grafted trees in an HLB endemic production environment.
Influence of Environmental Parameters, Pinching, and Ethephon Application on Growth and Branching of Potted Stevia
Authors: Warner Ryan M.
Published: December 2021

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is an herb grown commercially for the extraction of intensely sweet-tasting, non-caloric, steviol glycosides produced primarily in the leaves and used as a sugar substitute. While most stevia production occurs as an industrial field crop, more recently, consumer demand for stevia for home gardens and patio containers has increased. Research on how environmental inputs impact growth, branching, and flowering of stevia under greenhouse conditions for potted plant production is currently lacking. A series of experiments was conducted to quantify how methods to promote branching, fertilizer concentration, photoperiod and temperature impact branch production, growth and development, and flowering of stevia. Both manual decapitation and ethephon application increased lateral branch production, though hard pinching (cutting plants back to leave four nodes) yielded a more desirable plant architecture. Neither temperature nor fertilizer concentration impacted the number of branches produced by plants given a hard pinch. Shoot dry biomass was similar at fertilizer concentrations (applied at each watering) of 50, 100, and 200 mg⋅L−1 N, but decreased at 300 or 400 mg⋅L−1 N. Stevia responded to photoperiod as a facultative short-day plant, with earliest flowering occurring, both in days to flower and the number of nodes produced before flowering, at photoperiods <13 hours. The number of nodes produced on the longest branch increased as temperature increased from 17 to 26 °C. Plant height and longest branch length were shorter at 17 °C than at higher temperatures. The results of these studies indicate that for potted plant production, stevia should be grown under a photoperiod of 14 hours or longer with moderate nutrient levels, a minimum temperature of 20 °C, and plants should receive one or more manual pinches to promote branching.
1-Methylcyclopropene Preharvest Application and Its Effect on Storability of ‘Comice’ and ‘Bosc’ Pears
Authors: KC Achala N. , Rasmussen Ann L. , DeShields Joseph B.
Published: December 2021

Sprayable formulation of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was tested as a preharvest application on European pears to determine the best timing and rate of 1-MCP application for maintaining fruit firmness and quality of trees during harvest and in storage after harvest. Two rates of 1-MCP, 0.06 and 0.13 g⋅L−1 active ingredient (a.i.) (minimum and maximum rates, respectively), were sprayed 1 week and 2 weeks before commercial harvest on two cultivars, Bosc and Comice, in 2017 and 2018. After 2 months in cold storage (0 ± 1 °C), differences in fruit firmness of both cultivars were observed among treatments. For ‘Bosc’, fruit treated with both rates 1 week before harvest were 50% firmer than nontreated control fruit. For ‘Comice’, fruit treated with the maximum rate both 2 weeks and 1 week before commercial harvest were 46% and 31% firmer than nontreated control fruit, respectively. However, after 4 months in storage, no differences in fruit firmness of both ‘Bosc’ and ‘Comice’ were observed among treatments. The sprayable 1-MCP application applied 2 weeks before commercial harvest also affected the fruit firmness on trees. The maximum rate of 1-MCP treatment consistently maintained the fruit firmness by 5.0 N compared with fruit treated with the minimum rate and nontreated controls. This effect was significant until 1 week after commercial harvest for both cultivars and until 2 weeks after commercial harvest for ‘Bosc’. The poststorage fruit firmness and overall eating quality of ‘Bosc’ were unaffected by the maximum rate of 1-MCP application as well as the extended harvest time. However, for ‘Comice’, the overall eating quality was negatively impacted by 1-MCP treatments. This study suggests that the maximum rate (0.13 g⋅L−1 a.i.) of 1-MCP application 2 weeks before commercial harvest maintains the fruit firmness of ‘Bosc’ for at least 2 weeks more and offers an extended harvest window for better preharvest management. Furthermore, this treatment improves the physiological fruit quality such as senescence scald during the poststorage period without significantly affecting the poststorage ripening of ‘Bosc’ after 4 months of storage.
Effect of Colored Shading Nets on the Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Sweet Pepper Grown under Semi-arid Conditions
Authors: Mohawesh Osama , Albalasmeh Ammar , Deb Sanjit , Singh Sukhbir , Simpson Catherine , AlKafaween Nour , Mahadeen Atif
Published: December 2021

Colored shading nets have been increasingly studied in semi-arid crop production systems, primarily because of their ability to reduce solar radiation with the attendant reductions in air, plant, and soil temperatures. However, there is a paucity of research concerning the impact of colored shading nets on various crops grown under semi-arid environments, particularly the sweet pepper (Capsicum annum) production system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three colored shading net treatments (i.e., white, green, and black shading nets with 50% shading intensity and control with unshaded conditions) on the growth and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) of sweet pepper. The results showed that all colored shading nets exhibited significantly lower daytime air temperatures and light intensity (22 to 28 °C and 9992 lx, respectively) compared with the control (32 to 37 °C and 24,973 lx, respectively). There were significant differences in sweet pepper growth performance among treatments, including plant height, shoot dry weight, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, and vitamin C in ripened fruit. The enhanced photosynthetic rates were observed in sweet pepper plants under the colored shading nets compared with control plants. WUE increased among the colored shading net treatments in the following order: control ≤ white < black < green. Overall, the application of green and black shading nets to sweet pepper production systems under semi-arid environments significantly enhanced plant growth responses and WUE.
Evaluating Beautyberry and Fig Species as Potential Hosts of Invasive Crapemyrtle Bark Scale in the United States
Authors: Wu Bin , Xie Runshi , Knox Gary W. , Qin Hongmin , Gu Mengmeng
Published: December 2021

Crapemyrtle bark scale [CMBS (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae)], a newly emerged pest in the United States, has spread to 16 U.S. states and unexpectedly spread on a native species american beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) in Texas and Louisiana in 2016 since it was initially reported on crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia sp.) in Texas in 2004. The infestation of CMBS negatively impacted the flowering of crapemyrtles. We observed the infestation on the two most commercially available edible fig (Ficus carica) cultivars Beer’s Black and Chicago Hardy in a preliminary trial in 2018. To help estimate CMBS potential in aggravating risks to the ecosystem stability and the green industry, we conducted a host range and suitability test using ‘Bok Tower’ american beautyberry as a positive control with other eight beautyberry (Callicarpa) species [mexican beautyberry (C. acuminata), ‘Profusion’ bodinieri beautyberry (C. bodinieri), ‘Issai’ purple beautyberry (C. dichotoma), japanese beautyberry (C. japonica var. luxurians), ‘Alba’ white-fruited asian beautyberry (C. longissima), taiwan beautyberry (C. pilosissima), luanta beautyberry (C. randaiensis), and willow-leaf beautyberry (C. salicifolia)] and three fig (Ficus) species [creeping fig (F. pumila), roxburgh fig (F. auriculata), and waipahu fig (F. tikoua)] over 25 weeks. All the tested beautyberry species and waipahu fig sustainably supported the development and reproduction of nymphal CMBS and were confirmed as CMBS hosts. Furthermore, comparing with the control, mexican beautyberry, ‘Profusion’ bodinieri beautyberry, taiwan beautyberry, and willow-leaf beautyberry were significantly less suitable, while ‘Issai’ purple beautyberry, japanese beautyberry, ‘Alba’ white-fruited asian beautyberry, and luanta beautyberry were as suitable as ‘Bok Tower’ american beautyberry. Thus, when using beautyberries in landscapes, their different potential to host CMBS should be considered to minimize spreading CMBS through the native ecosystems.
Intraspecific virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes against the pests Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Campos-Herrera Raquel , Vicente-Díez Ignacio , Galeano Magda , Chelkha Maryam , del Mar González-Trujillo María , Puelles Miguel , Labarga David , Pou Alicia , Calvo Javier , Belda José Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are excellent biocontrol agents against various insect pests. Novel biotechnological approaches can enhance their utility against insects above-ground, opening a new venue for selecting superior EPN against certain insects. We hypothesize that different populations of the same species but from different origins (habitat, ecoregion) will differ in their virulence. This study aimed to evaluate the virulence of various EPN populations against two pests of worldwide incidence and damage to high value crops: Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). We tested 10 EPN populations belonging to three EPN species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Koppert, MG-618b, AM-203, RM-102), Steinernema feltiae (Koppert, RS-5, AM-25, RM-107), and Steinernema carpocapsae (Koppert, MG-596a). Each EPN population was tested at two concentrations. Frankliniella occidentalis was tested at 160 and 80 IJs/cm2 and T. absoluta at 21 and 4 IJs/cm2. Control treatments followed the same experimental procedure but only adding distilled water. Overall, whenever different, higher IJs concentration resulted in lower adult emergence, higher larval mortality, and shorter time to kill the insects. Considering the low concentration, S. feltiae provided the best results for both insects and instars investigated, while H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae required a high concentration to reach similar or slightly better results. Differences among populations of each of the species were detected, but only the native populations of H. bacteriophora populations showed consistently higher control values against both insects/instar compared with the commercial one. Differences among S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae populations depended on the IJs concentration, insect, and instar. We consider S. feltiae a very promising species for their application against F. occidentalis and T. absoluta, with the Koppert population as the most consistent among the populations tested. Specific EPN-populations of S. carpocapsae and H. bacteriophora were good candidates against certain instar/insects at high concentrations. This study emphasized the importance of intraspecific variability for EPN virulence.
ESTHETIQUE ET ENJEUX DU DISCOURS DAUTORITE DANS REPUBLIQUE A VENDRE DISAAC TEDAMBE
Authors:   Assistant Duniversite Alecole Normale Superieure de Bongor, au Tchad., Kalpet Emmanuel , Kokinague Eric ,   Assistant Affilie Aluniversite de NDjamena, Au Tchad., Mamadi Robert ,   Maitre-Assistant Aluniversite Adam Barka dAbeche, Au Tchad.
Published: December 2021

Le but de cet article est de degager lesthetique et les enjeux du discours dautorite dans Republique a vendre dIsaac Tedambe. Il sagit dun discours conformiste. Lauteur met en exergue une joute oratoire a travers les caracteristiques du discours dautorite telles que les arguments dautorite, le style sublime, les figures de style, la subversion, la legitimation, la grandiloquence, la sublimation, limpudence. Tout discours dautorite a une finalite. SaperÃ§oivent dans ce roman des enjeux decoulant de la rhetorique mise en Å“uvre pour ce faire. Nous notons entre autres, le verdict, la promesse et linterdit. The goal of this article is to release the esthetics and the stakes of the speech of authority in Republique a vendre byIsaac Tedambe. It is about a dimension of conformist speech The Writer puts forward a verbal sparring match through the characteristics of the speech of authority such as the arguments of authority, the style sublimates, the stylistic devices, subversion, legitimation, the grandiloquence, sublimation, impudence. Any speech of authority has finality. Is perceived in this novel some stakes which rise from the rhetoric implemented with this intention. We list the verdict, the promise and the interdict.
ISOLATION, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF DIAZOTROPIC BACTERIA FROM VIRGIN SOIL FROM ARAKU VALLEY AND ASSESSMENT OF OF AMMONIA ACCUMULATION AT SALINE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Dept.of Biotechnology, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar University - Srikakulam, Etcherla., Nakka Simmanna , Uday Bhaskar S. ,   Dept.of Biotechnology, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar University - Srikakulam, Etcherla.
Published: December 2021

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are widely distributed in nature where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen in soil or in association with plant. They have been found in a wide variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats in both temperate and tropical regions of the word. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are found in symbiotic associations with plants free living in soil. The objective of the present research was to isolate free living Nitrogen fixing bacteria from virgin soil samples in araku valley and assessment of their ammonia accumulation at saline conditions. 10 soil samples were collected in different place from virgin areas. For isolation of the free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, Nitrogen free media like Jensens Medium and Azotobacter Agar were used. Serially diluted soil samples were spread on the agar media and incubated for 48 hours. Eleven morphologically different bacteria were separated on made pure colonies on nutrient agar media. All bacteria were under go biochemical characterization which reveals that all these bacteria related to Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Clostridium. High ammonia liberating isolate MGN-10 was molecular characterizes as Azotobacter chroococcum and this soil application increase the plant growth in terms of growth parameters.
PURPURA THROMBOTIQUE THROMBOCYTOPENIQUE APRES VACCIN CONTRE LE SRAS-COV2
Authors:   Hopital Militaire Mohammed V, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Hamza Kassimi , Chakib Chouikh ,   Hopital Militaire Mohammed V, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Hicham Hammadi ,   Hopital Militaire Mohammed V, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Khalil Mounir ,   Hopital Militaire Mohammed V, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc., Hicham Balkhi ,   Hopital Militaire Mohammed V, Faculte de Medecine et de Pharmacie de Rabat, Universite Mohammed V, Rabat, Maroc.
Published: December 2021

Le purpura thrombotique thrombocytopenique est une maladie rare , grave , et potentiellement mortelle en abcence de traitement specifique. Il sagit dune microangiopathie thrombotique caracterisee par la formation spontanee dans la microcirculation sanguine de thrombi riches en plaquettes et en facteur Willebrand responsables dune anemie hemolytique mecanique, dune thrombopenie de consommation et de signes dischemie multiviscerale. Nous rapportons un cas dun patient de 40 ans tabagique chronique, ayant recu 2 doses du vaccin contre le SRAS-CoV-2 un mois avant son admission a lhopital qui sest presente dans un tableau de purpura thrombotique thrombocytopenique, pour laquelle il a recu 15 seances dechanges plasmatiques, avec une bonne evolution clinico-biologique.
MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION ON ADOLESCENT RURAL GIRLS OF NADIA DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL
Authors:   M. Phil. Student, Department of Education, University of Kalyani, Dist, Nadia, Pin. 741 235., Malakar Sudipta , Prasad Sikdar Deb ,   Professor, Department of Education, University of Kalyani, Pin. 741 235.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Adolescence is a period when so many physical, emotional, cognitive changes areoccur, menstruation is one of the major changes that happen in a female body but it is surrounded by so many social taboos and supernatural societal belief. The main focus of the present study was to measure the effectiveness of planned teaching on menstrual hygiene and input the knowledge among them. Materials and method: A study was conducted from September, 2020 to December, 2020 in rural area of Nadia district, West Bengal among 120 adolescent school girls in the age group of 14Ã¢Â€Â“17 years. Data were collected by the self-made and pretested questionnaires. Results: After analysis it was found that, better practice was adopted after post-test as compared to that of pre-tests planned teaching become effective on adolescence rural girls, and there is a significant relationship between pre-test and post- test regarding attitude about menstrual hygiene. It also shows that, there is a significant positive relationship at 0.05 level between planned teaching and Practice, planned teaching and Attitude at 0.01 level. Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene practices and attitude amo0ng rural adolescence girls of Nadia district is not satisfactory before planned teaching programme, so girls should be educated properly regarding menstrual hygiene and it may bring them out of misconception and batter practiced attitude in future life.
CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOODS IN VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY IN THAI BINH CITY
Authors:   Faculty of Sociology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities,Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam., Thi Minh Tam Pham , Thuy Hang Dao ,   Faculty of Sociology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities,Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Published: December 2021

The study of household livelihoods has been a familiar research topic, especially in developing countries. This research used the following methods namely document analysis, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires to point out the challenge for the sustainable development of household livelihoods in peri-urban areas. The sample of questionnaire survey and in-depth interview was 298 and 30 representatives of agricultural households, correspondingly. This research was conducted in Thai Binh city that is located in the northern coastal region of Vietnam. The results showed that there are 2 major challenges for the sustainable development of household livelihoods: the natural resources and human capital challenges. In addition, there were other challenges such as consumer market, livelihood transformation strategy, and economic capital challenges. Last but not least, some suggestions were proposed to solve those challenges mentioned.
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF DIGIT LENGTHS AND DIGIT RATIOS OFVITILIGO SUBJECTS IN PORT HARCOURT, RIVERS STATE
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., I.U. Gwunireama , T.R. Ogoun ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bayelsa Medical University Yenegoa., O.M. Adheke ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., L.I. Wariboko ,   Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Published: December 2021

Vitiligo is a skin pigmentation disorder that is caused by a loss of melanocytes, characterized by white spots around certain parts of the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between digit length, digit (2D:4D) ratio and vitiligo among vitiligo patients within a south-southern Nigeria. Informed consents were obtained from 98 vitiligo adult subjects (69 females and 29 males) in the age range of 18 â€“ 50 years. The measurements that were obtained were the digit lengths of second and fourth fingers for both hands using the digital vernier caliper. The mean and standard deviation values were calculated for all measurements. A Pearson correlation was used to analyse the relationship between the various measurements for both hands in the study. Results showed that the mean Â± standard deviation of the various parameters for the female category. Right 2D length was 6.67Â± 7.53cm, left 2D length was 6.68 Â± 7.32cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.86 Â± 8.57cm and 6.89 Â± 8.50cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the female category were 0.98 Â± 0.15 and 0.98 Â± 0.12 respectively. In the males, right 2D length was 6.66 Â± 9.66cm, left 2D length was 6.64 Â± 9.86cm, right 4D length and left 4D length were 6.99 Â± 10.09cm and 7.03Â± 10.40cm respectively. While, the mean and standard deviation values for right and left 2D:4D ratios for the male category were 0.95 Â± 0.03 and 0.95 Â± 0.03 respectively. In the females for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.761, p = 0.000) while there was a significant negative correlation between 4D length and digit ratio (r = -0.473, p = 0.000) at p < 0.01. For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.783, p = 0.000). In the males for the right hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.976, p = 0.000). For the left hand, there was a significant positive correlation between 2D length and 4D length (r = 0.981, p = 0.000).It can be concluded that the knowledge of 2D:4D ratio among vitiligosubjects could be helpful in clinical anthropometry however, more research has to be done considering that the sample size of this study is relatively small.
Burnout, inter-role conflicts, and job performance among bankers who have children during social isolation
Authors: Ninh Nguyen Hai
Published: December 2021

Social isolation is a globally accepted policy of governments worldwide to halt the rapid spread of coronavirus in the community. As a result, all banks must be closed, and bank officers must work from home through the Internet instead of at their offices. Hence, stressors and conflicts wreak havoc on bank officers’ mental health and work productivity. This study focused on determining the influence of burnout and inter-role conflicts on the working performance of bankers who have got children. An online structured questionnaire was utilized to survey 326 bankers throughout the nation. The PLS-SEM and Smart PLS were adopted to analyze and test hypotheses. The findings corroborated the harmful effects of burnout and inter-role conflicts on the job performance of bankers who have got children. Three variables were determined to positively affect burnout, such as occupational stress, parenting stress, and inter-role conflicts, whereas the role ambiguity and role overload sparked the inter-role conflicts of bankers. This study recommended four practical suggestions for both bankers and banks’ policymakers, including: achieving work-family balance is a challenging task; the need to implement more robust organizational support policies to remove the burden and job-stressors; the administrative workload should be reduced and cut off; and bankers individually should get familiar with saying “No” to the unimportant and taking care of themselves during pandemic isolation.
Takı Uygulamalarında Geçicilik Olgusu
Authors: Ertan Ayata Neşem
Published: December 2021

Modern takının tarihinde; takı nesnesinin var olmadığı ya da diğer bir tanımla, yapılan çalışmanın takının “kendisini” oluşturmadığı bazı avangart örnekler bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, kavramsal sanatın etkileriyle nesnesizleşen çalışmalardır. Bu çalışmada tematik olarak incelenen bahsi geçen örnekler, çalışmanın çeşitli görüntüleme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı belgelerle, kaynaklarda yer almaktadırlar. Üretildikleri dönemde çok tartışılan ve halen günümüzde takı sanatçılarını etkileyen bu kavramsal örnekler, yapılan bu çalışmada; kaynaklarda tariflendiği şekilde, “geçici takılar” adı altında kategorize edilip, örneklendirilerek incelenmiştir.