bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation among Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Farahani Maryam , Esmaeili Maryam , Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Hajibabaee Fatemeh , Haghani Shima , Ariyamloo Parasto
Published: October 2022

Background

The quality of health services is determined on the basis of meeting customers’ needs and expectations. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems have faced high degrees of uncertainty as well as a variety of challenges. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation among Iranian nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 266 nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran selected via stratified sampling in 2020. The study data were collected using a questionnaire including demographic information, patient safety friendly hospital initiatives, and Kim’s customer orientation scale. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS V.16 software and were analysed using descriptive statistics, dispersion indices and correlation tests.

Results

The mean age and mean duration of working as a nurse were 38.60+7.94 and 13.87+7.41 years, respectively. From the nurses’ perspective, the means of patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation were 97.35±16.59 and 16.40±2.62, respectively, both of which were at the moderate level. In addition, patient safety friendly hospital standards and all its dimensions were positively correlated to customer orientation (p<0.001).

Conclusion

From the nurses’ viewpoint, the patient safety friendly hospital standards and customer orientation were both at the moderate level during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, patient safety friendly hospital standards and all its dimensions were significantly associated with customer orientation. In other words, increase in the patient safety friendly hospital standards was accompanied by an increase in the nurses’ customer orientation. These results can provide the organisations delivering health services with the opportunity for management on the basis of multicriteria decision making so as to adapt with the patient safety friendly hospital standards and to internalise customer orientation among nurses.
Tumor-targeted interleukin-12 synergizes with entinostat to overcome PD-1/PD-L1 blockade-resistant tumors harboring MHC-I and APM deficiencies
Authors: Minnar Christine M , Chariou Paul L , Horn Lucas A , Hicks Kristin C , Palena Claudia , Schlom Jeffrey , Gameiro Sofia R
Published: October 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved unprecedented success in treating multiple cancer types. However, clinical benefit remains modest for most patients with solid malignancies due to primary or acquired resistance. Tumor-intrinsic loss of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and aberrations in antigen processing machinery (APM) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) pathways have been shown to play an important role in ICB resistance. While a plethora of combination treatments are being investigated to overcome ICB resistance, there are few identified preclinical models of solid tumors harboring these deficiencies to explore therapeutic interventions that can bypass ICB resistance. Here, we investigated the combination of the epigenetic modulator entinostat and the tumor-targeted immunocytokine NHS-IL12 in three different murine tumor models resistant to αPD-1/αPD-L1 (anti-programmed cell death protein 1/anti-programmed death ligand 1) and harboring MHC-I, APM, and IFN-γ response deficiencies and differing tumor mutational burden (TMB).

Methods

Entinostat and NHS-IL12 were administered to mice bearing TC-1/a9 (lung, HPV16 E6/E7+), CMT.64 lung, or RVP3 sarcoma tumors. Antitumor efficacy and survival were monitored. Comprehensive tumor microenvironment (TME) and spleen analysis of immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines was performed. Additionally, whole transcriptomic analysis was carried out on TC-1/a9 tumors. Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were analyzed for translational relevance.

Results

We demonstrate that the combination of entinostat and NHS-IL12 therapy elicits potent antitumor activity and survival benefit through prolonged activation and tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+T cells, across αPD-1/αPD-L1 refractory tumors irrespective of TMB, including in the IFN-γ signaling-impaired RVP3 tumor model. The combination therapy promoted M1-like macrophages and activated antigen-presenting cells while decreasing M2-like macrophages and regulatory T cells in a tumor-dependent manner. This was associated with increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), and CXCL13 in the TME. Further, the combination therapy synergized to promote MHC-I and APM upregulation, and enrichment of JAK/STAT (janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription), IFN-γ-response and antigen processing-associated pathways. A biomarker signature of the mechanism involved in these studies is associated with patients’ overall survival across multiple tumor types.

Conclusions

Our findings provide a rationale for combining the tumor-targeting NHS-IL12 with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat in the clinical setting for patients unresponsive to αPD-1/αPD-L1 and/or with innate deficiencies in tumor MHC-I, APM expression, and IFN-γ signaling.
Therapeutic efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates targeting GD2-positive tumors
Authors: Kalinovsky Daniel V , Kibardin Alexey V , Kholodenko Irina V , Svirshchevskaya Elena V , Doronin Igor I , Konovalova Mariya V , Grechikhina Maria V , Rozov Fedor N , Larin Sergey S , Deyev Sergey M , Kholodenko Roman V
Published: October 2022

Background

Both ganglioside GD2-targeted immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated clinical success as solid tumor therapies in recent years, yet no research has been carried out to develop anti-GD2 ADCs against solid tumors. This is the first study to analyze cytotoxic activity of clinically relevant anti-GD2 ADCs in a wide panel of cell lines with varying GD2 expression and their effects in mouse models of GD2-positive solid cancer.

Methods

Anti-GD2 ADCs were generated based on the GD2-specific antibody ch14.18 approved for the treatment of neuroblastoma and commonly used drugs monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) or F (MMAF), conjugated via a cleavable linker by thiol-maleimide chemistry. The antibody was produced in a mammalian expression system, and its specific binding to GD2 was analyzed. Antigen-binding properties and biodistribution of the ADCs in mice were studied in comparison with the parent antibody. Cytotoxic effects of the ADCs were evaluated in a wide panel of GD2-positive and GD2-negative tumor cell lines of neuroblastoma, glioma, sarcoma, melanoma, and breast cancer. Their antitumor effects were studied in the B78-D14 melanoma and EL-4 lymphoma syngeneic mouse models.

Results

The ch14.18-MMAE and ch14.18-MMAF ADCs retained antigen-binding properties of the parent antibody. Direct dependence of the cytotoxic effect on the level of GD2 expression was observed in cell lines of different origin for both ADCs, with IC50 below 1 nM for the cells with high GD2 expression and no cytotoxic effect for GD2-negative cells. Within the analyzed cell lines, ch14.18-MMAF was more effective in the cells overexpressing GD2, while ch14.18-MMAE had more prominent activity in the cells expressing low GD2 levels. The ADCs had a similar biodistribution profile in the B78-D14 melanoma model compared with the parent antibody, reaching 7.7% ID/g in the tumor at 48 hours postinjection. The average tumor size in groups treated with ch14.18-MMAE or ch14.18-MMAF was 2.6 times and 3.8 times smaller, respectively, compared with the control group. Antitumor effects of the anti-GD2 ADCs were also confirmed in the EL-4 lymphoma model.

Conclusion

These findings validate the potential of ADCs targeting ganglioside GD2 in treating multiple GD2-expressing solid tumors.
Intratumoral immunotherapy using a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo, induces robust antitumor immune responses and enhances immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Lee Won Suk , Kim Dong Sung , Kim Jeong Hun , Heo Yoonki , Yang Hannah , Go Eun-Jin , Kim Jin Hyoung , Lee Seung Joon , Ahn Byung Cheol , Yum Jung Sun , Chon Hong Jae , Kim Chan
Published: October 2022

Background

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical innate immune sensors that elicit antitumor immune responses in cancer immunotherapy. Although a few TLR agonists have been approved for the treatment of patients with early-stage superficial cancers, their therapeutic efficacy is limited in patient with advanced invasive cancers. Here, we identified the therapeutic role of a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo (LP), which promotes antitumor immunity and enhances the immune checkpoint blockade.

Methods

We generated LP by combining a TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, with a TLR3 agonist, Poly (I:C). Immune responses to stimulation with various TLR agonists were compared. Tumor-bearing mice were intratumorally treated with LP, and their tumor sizes were measured. The antitumor effects of LP treatment were determined using flow cytometry, multiplexed imaging, and NanoString nCounter immune profiling. The immunotherapeutic potential of LP in combination with α-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or α-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) was evaluated in syngeneic MC38 colon cancer and B16F10 melanoma.

Results

The LP treatment induced a potent activation of T helper 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2)-mediated immunity, tumor cell apoptosis, and immunogenic tumor cell death. Intratumoral LP treatment effectively inhibited tumor progression by activating tumor-specific T cell immunity. LP-induced immune responses were mediated by CD8+T cells and interferon-γ, but not by CD4+T cells and CD25+T cells. LP simultaneously activated TLR2 and TLR3 signaling, thereby extensively changing the immune-related gene signatures within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, intratumoral LP treatment led to systemic abscopal antitumor effects in non-injected distant tumors. Notably, LP treatment combined with ɑPD-1 and ɑCTLA-4 further enhanced the efficacy of monotherapy, resulting in complete tumor regression and prolonged overall survival. Furthermore, LP-based combination immunotherapy elicited durable antitumor immunity with tumor-specific immune memory in colon cancer and melanoma.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that intratumoral LP treatment improves the innate and adaptive antitumor immunity within the TME and enhances the efficacy of αPD-1 and αCTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade.
Outcomes of UK military personnel treated with ice cold water immersion for exertional heat stroke
Authors: Wood Felix , Roiz-de-Sa D , Pynn H , Smith J E , Bishop J , Hemingway R
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Despite mitigation efforts, exertional heat stroke (EHS) is known to occur in military personnel during training and operations. It has significant potential to cause preventable morbidity and mortality. International consensus from sports medicine organisations supports treating EHS with early rapid cooling by immersing the casualty in cold water. However, evidence remains sparse and the practice is not yet widespread in the UK.

Methods

Following changes to enable on-site ice cold water immersion (ICWI) at the Royal Marines Commando Training Centre, Lympstone, UK, we prospectively gathered data on 35 patients treated with ICWI over a 3-year period. These data included the incidence of adverse events (e.g. death, cardiac arrest or critical care admission) as the primary outcome. Basic anthropometric data, cooling rates achieved and biochemical and haematological test results on days 0–5 were also gathered and analysed.

Results

Despite being a cohort of patients in whom we might expect significant morbidity and mortality based on the severity of EHS at presentation, none experienced a serious adverse event. In this cohort with rapid initiation of effective cooling, biochemical derangement appeared less severe than that reported in previous studies. Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with a lower cooling rate across a range of values previously reported as potentially of clinical significance.

Conclusions

This case series supports recent updates to UK military guidance that ICWI should be more widely adopted for the treatment of EHS. Clinicians should be aware of likely patterns of blood test abnormalities in the days following EHS. Further work should seek to establish the impact of lower rates of cooling and develop strategies to optimise cooling in patients with higher BMI.
Effect of upadacitinib on reducing pain in patients with active psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis: post hoc analysis of three randomised clinical trials
Authors: McInnes Iain B , Ostor Andrew J K , Mease Philip J , Tillett William , Baraliakos Xenofon , de Vlam Kurt , Bessette Louis , Lippe Ralph , Maniccia Anna , Feng Dai , Gao Tianming , Zueger Patrick , Saffore Christopher , Kato Koji , Song In-Ho , Deodhar Atul
Published: October 2022

Objective

Evaluate the effect of upadacitinib on pain outcomes in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) across 3 randomised trials (SELECT-PsA 1 and 2 for PsA; SELECT-AXIS 1 for AS).

Methods

Patients were randomised to upadacitinib 15 mg once daily or placebo (all 3 studies), or adalimumab 40 mg every other week (SELECT-PsA 1 only). Pain outcomes included proportion of patients achieving ≥30%, ≥50% and ≥70% reduction from baseline in patient global assessment of pain and other end points.

Results

A higher proportion of patients receiving upadacitinib versus placebo achieved ≥30%, ≥50% and ≥70% reduction in pain end points as early as week 2; these improvements with upadacitinib were generally sustained or increased through year 1 (PsA 1/2 studies: 64%/48%, 58%/42% and 38%/22%, respectively; SELECT-AXIS 1 study: 76%, 72% and 54%). Results were similar with adalimumab in PsA 1 (59%, 49% and 32%). Patients who switched from placebo to upadacitinib 15 mg were able to reach a similar level of improvement as the continuous upadacitinib groups by year 1 (PsA 1/2 studies: 46%–60%, 35%–49% and 15%–34%; AS study: 83%, 72% and 46%). Results were similar with other pain end points.

Conclusion

Rapid and sustained improvements in pain outcomes across several end points were consistently shown with upadacitinib over 1 year in patients with active PsA or AS who had either inadequate response to prior non-biologic or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (PsA studies) or were biologic-naïve with inadequate response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (AS study).
Breakup of oxygen nucleus on four doubly charged fragments in 16O+p interactions at incident momentum of 3.25 GeV/c per nucleon
Authors: Olimov Kosim , Gulamov Kadyr G. , Olimov Alisher K. , Olimov Khusniddin K.
Published: October 2022

The new experimental data on breakup of oxygen-16 nucleus on four doubly charged ([Formula: see text]) fragments in [Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] interactions at 3.25 GeV/[Formula: see text] per nucleon are presented. The number of such interaction events (with the formation of four doubly charged fragments) with simultaneous production of [Formula: see text] with no recoil proton has proved to be equal to the number of events with simultaneous production of [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] in events with a recoil proton. For the first time, the experimental cross-section of the diffractive dissociation of the oxygen-16 nucleus on four [Formula: see text]-particles in [Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] interactions at 3.25 GeV/[Formula: see text] per nucleon has been determined to be [Formula: see text] (diffr.)[Formula: see text] mb. The temperature of the diffractive breakup of oxygen nucleus on four [Formula: see text]-particles has been calculated to be [Formula: see text] MeV within the framework of the statistical model of fast fragmentation of Feshbach–Huang–Goldhaber. Using the obtained slope of the integral distribution on the square of a transverse momentum of a recoil proton in the laboratory system for the events of diffractive breakup of an oxygen nucleus on four [Formula: see text]-particles, we have calculated the radius of a target proton to be [Formula: see text] fm, which agrees very well with the corresponding radius, [Formula: see text] fm, determined a few years ago in the Jefferson Lab Proton Radius (PRad) experiment.
Object Detection Using Deep Learning CenterNet Model with Multi-Head External Attention Mechanism
Authors: Sirisha Museboyina , Sudha S. V.
Published: October 2022

Deep learning algorithms are highly effective at handling complex and challenging tasks such as image classification and detection. Over the past few decades, there have been a variety of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with varying architectures to improve accuracy in object detection. However, a variety of factors, including brightness, enclosures, viewing distances, and background components, can affect the appearance, size, and shape of objects making the object detection task even more challenging. A multi-head external attention mechanism-based CenterNet model has been proposed to enhance the accuracy in detection of objects. The feature extraction process is carried out using Hourglass-104 network and Adaptive Feature Pyramid Network (AFPN). High-level features are derived through contextual modeling using an adaptive feature fusion (AFF) module with multi-head external attention. A hybrid feature selection method called adaptive hybrid feature selection (AHFS) determines the best features followed by prediction of the objects by the improved CenterNet. In order to assess the object detection accuracy, the experiment was conducted using the MS-COCO dataset on average precision (AP), mean average precision (mAP), and average recall (AR) metrics. Our proffered method achieves 64.76% on the MS-COCO dataset, improving the accuracy by 2.5% compared to other state-of-the-art models.
Enhanced Ultrasound Classification of Microemboli Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Tafsast Abdelghani , Khelalef Aziz , Ferroudji Karim , Hadjili Mohamed Laid , Bouakaz Ayache , Benoudjit Nabil
Published: October 2022

Classification of microemboli is important in predicting clinical complications. In this study, we suggest a deep learning-based approach using convolutional neural network (CNN) and backscattered radio-frequency (RF) signals for classifying microemboli. The RF signals are converted into two-dimensional (2D) spectrograms which are exploited as inputs for the CNN. To confirm the usefulness of RF ultrasound signals in the classification of microemboli, two in vitro setups are developed. For the two setups, a contrast agent consisting of microbubbles is used to imitate the acoustic behavior of gaseous microemboli. In order to imitate the acoustic behavior of solid microemboli, the tissue mimicking material surrounding the tube is used for the first setup. However, for the second setup, a Doppler fluid containing particles with scattering characteristics comparable to the red blood cells is used. Results have shown that the suggested approach achieved better classification rates compared to the results obtained in previous studies.
Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Using GIS-Based Modified DRASTIC Models, Case Study: Fasarood Plain, South Iran
Authors: Bahrami Mehdi , Esslamzadeh Mohammad Javad , Zarei Abdol Rassoul
Published: October 2022

Severe droughts and vast anthropogenic activities have propelled groundwater resource contamination in Iran. An accurate investigation of groundwater vulnerability objectively reflects an area’s potential for groundwater contamination and supplies a reference for contamination control and prevention. Therefore, the groundwater vulnerability of the Fasarood plain, south of Iran, was evaluated using the DRASTIC index (DI), Fuzzy-based DRASTIC index (FDI), Composite DRASTIC index (CDI), and Nitrate Vulnerability Index (NVI) methods. The input hydrogeological parameters were rated, weighted, and integrated via a geographical information system (GIS). The results of all models showed very low to moderate intrinsic and anthropogenic vulnerabilities to groundwater pollution. The zones with the most significant exposure may refer to geological formations and improper agriculture activity. The conclusions recommend that the area which was identified as having a higher groundwater pollution risk needs scientific land-use practise along with appropriate watershed management. The agriculturalists working in more vulnerable areas with high nitrate concentrations must begin practising an organic farming system and should replace chemical fertilisers with biofertilisers to reduce the groundwater contamination rate. Also, government departments should encourage reasonable control of groundwater pollution prohibition and withdraw based on changes in groundwater vulnerability in the area.
Does US Infectious Disease Equity Market Volatility Index Predict G7 Stock Returns? Evidence Beyond Symmetry
Authors: Gohar Raheel , Salman Asma , Uche Emmanuel , Derindag Omer Faruk , Chang Bisharat Hussain
Published: October 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Baker et al. (2020) [The unprecedented stock market reaction to COVID-19. The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10, 742–758.] proposed the infectious disease equity market volatility (ID-EMV) index, which tracks US equity market volatility caused by infectious diseases. We extended the literature by using this newly developed ID-EMV index to examine its asymmetric effect on the share market returns of the G7 countries, which include the United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Germany, France, Canada, and the United States of America. Moreover, we used novel techniques like the quantile-on-quantile regression test, quantile cointegration test, and quantile unit root test. The quantile cointegration test indicates that the infectious disease EMV index is cointegrated with G7 stock returns. Moreover, the quantile-on-quantile regression technique reveals that the infectious disease index positively affects stock returns during bullish states of the stock markets. In contrast, it negatively affects stock returns during bearish states of the stock market returns. The negative effect of the bearish states implies that investors may discourage investments during the downturns of the economy, whereas they need to boost their investments during economic booms.
What Makes Inventions Become Traditions?
Authors: Perry Susan E. , Carter Alecia , Foster Jacob G. , Nöbel Sabine , Smolla Marco
Published: October 2022

Although anthropology was the first academic discipline to investigate cultural change, many other disciplines have made noteworthy contributions to understanding what influences the adoption of new behaviors. Drawing on a broad, interdisciplinary literature covering both humans and nonhumans, we examine ( a) which features of behavioral traits make them more transmissible, ( b) which individual characteristics of inventors promote copying of their inventions, ( c) which characteristics of individuals make them more prone to adopting new behaviors, ( d) which characteristics of dyadic relationships promote cultural transmission, ( e) which properties of groups (e.g., network structures) promote transmission of traits, and ( f) which characteristics of groups promote retention, rather than extinction, of cultural traits. One of anthropology's strengths is its readiness to adopt and improve theories and methods from other disciplines, integrating them into a more holistic approach; hence, we identify approaches that might be particularly useful to biological and cultural anthropologists, and knowledge gaps that should be filled.
The Archaeology of Settler Colonialism in North America
Authors: Montgomery Lindsay Martel
Published: October 2022

Beginning in earnest in the 1990s, archaeologists have used the material record as an alternative window into the experiences and practices of Black and Indigenous peoples in North America from the sixteenth century onward. This now robust body of scholarship on settler colonialism has been shaped by postcolonial theories of power and broad-based calls to diversify Western history. While archaeologists have long recognized the political, cultural, biological, and economic entanglements produced by settler colonialism, the lives of Indigenous peoples have largely been studied in isolation from peoples of African descent. In addition to reinforcing static ethnic divisions, until recently, most archaeological studies of settler colonialism have focused on early periods of interethnic interaction, ending abruptly in the nineteenth century. These intellectual silos gloss over the intimate relationships that formed between diverse communities and hinder a deeper understanding of settler colonialism's continued impact on archaeological praxis.
Biolegality: How Biology and Law Redefine Sociality
Authors: van Wichelen Sonja , de Leeuw Marc
Published: October 2022

As an empirical concept, biolegality emerged at the height of biotechnological advances in Euro-American societies when rapid changes in the life sciences (including molecular biology, immunology, and the neurosciences) and their attendant techniques (including reproductive technologies and gene editing) started to challenge ethical norms, legal decisions, and legal forms. As a theoretical concept, biolegality deepens the Foucauldian notion of biopolitics with an operation of legality that emphasizes how biology and its attendant technologies alter legal form, knowledge, practice, and experience. These empirical and theoretical developments affect how we understand sociality. While public discourse remains preoccupied with the call for more regulation—thereby underscoring law's lag in its dealings with technology—the social science scholarship describes instead how bioscience and biotechnology are fragmenting and rearranging legal knowledge about property, personhood, parenthood, and collective identity. As it opens broader anthropological debates around exchange, self, kinship, and community, the study of biolegality brings a novel currency to the discipline, addressing how biology and law inform new ways of relating and knowing.
Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland
Authors: Breen Cathy , O’Connell Jean , Geoghegan Justin , O’Shea Donal , Birney Susie , Tully Louise , Gaynor Karen , O’Kelly Mark , O’Malley Grace , O’Donovan Clare , Lyons Oonagh , Flynn Mary , Allen Suzanne , Arthurs Niamh , Browne Sarah , Byrne Molly , Callaghan Shauna , Collins Chris , Courtney Aoife , Crotty Michael , Donohue Ciara , Donovan Caroline , Dunlevy Colin , Duggan Diarmuid , Fearon Naomi , Finucane Francis , Fitzgerald Ita , Foy Siobhan , Garvey John , Gibson Irene , Glynn Liam , Gregg Edward , Griffin Anne , Harrington Janas M. , Heary Caroline , Heneghan Helen , Hogan Andrew , Hynes Mary , Kearney Claire , Kelly Dervla , Neff Karl , le Roux Carel W. , Manning Sean , McAuliffe Fionnuala , Moore Susan , Moran Niamh , Murphy Maura , Murrin Celine , O’Brien Sarah M. , O’Donnell Caitríona , O’Dwyer Sarah , O’Grada Cara , O’Malley Emer , O’Reilly Orlaith , O’Reilly Sharleen , Porter Olivia , Roche Helen M. , Rhynehart Amanda , Ryan Leona , Seery Suzanne , Soare Corina , Shaamile Ferrah , Walsh Abigail , Woods Catherine , Woods Conor , Yoder Ruth
Published: October 2022

Background: This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management of obesity in adults in Ireland, adapted from the Canadian CPG, defines obesity as a complex chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adiposity that impairs health. The guideline reflects substantial advances in the understanding of the determinants, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of obesity. Summary: It shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving patient-centred health outcomes, functional outcomes, and social and economic participation, rather than weight loss alone. It gives recommendations for care that are underpinned by evidence-based principles of chronic disease management; validate patients’ lived experiences; move beyond simplistic approaches of “eat less, move more” and address the root drivers of obesity. Key Messages: People living with obesity face substantial bias and stigma, which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality independent of body weight. Education is needed for all healthcare professionals in Ireland to address the gap in skills, increase knowledge of evidence-based practice, and eliminate bias and stigma in healthcare settings. We call for people living with obesity in Ireland to have access to evidence-informed care, including medical, medical nutrition therapy, physical activity and physical rehabilitation interventions, psychological interventions, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. This can be best achieved by resourcing and fully implementing the Model of Care for the Management of Adult Overweight and Obesity. To address health inequalities, we also call for the inclusion of obesity in the Structured Chronic Disease Management Programme and for pharmacotherapy reimbursement, to ensure equal access to treatment based on health-need rather than ability to pay.
Right Ventricular Maladaptation to Pressure Overload in Fischer Rats Is Associated With Profound Deficiency in Adenylate Kinase 1 and Impaired Ventricular Energetics
Authors: Zelt Jason G.E. , Cadete Virgilio , Deng Yupu , Godoy Rafael , Cuillerier Alexanne , Rowe Katelynn , Abdul-Ghani Mohammad , Megeney Lynn , Burelle Yan , Giulivi Antonio , Stewart Alexandre F.R. , Provencher Steeve , Breuils-Bonnet Sandra , Bonnet Sébastien , deKemp Robert , Beanlands Rob , Mielniczuk Lisa M. , Stewart Duncan J.
Published: October 2022

Background:

We explored the mechanism of maladaptive right ventricular (RV) remodeling in Fischer compared with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to pressure overload.

Methods:

Pulmonary hypertension was induced by injection of the VEGFR antagonist, SU5416, followed by a 3-week exposure to hypoxia (Sugen chronic hypoxia). In vivo oxidative metabolism was assessed by RV/left ventricle ratio of [
11
C]acetate positron emission tomography clearance (kmono). Unbiased, global transcriptional and proteomic profiling was performed in Fischer and SD rats at baseline and after Sugen chronic hypoxia.

Results:

All Fischer rats succumbed to RV failure by 5 weeks, whereas SD rats showed preserved RV function and 88% survival beyond 9 weeks (
P
<0.0001). Fischer rats exhibited increased oxidative metabolism at 4 weeks (
P
<0.05) and impaired RV efficiency compared with SD (work metabolic index: 52±10 versus 91±27 mmHg·mL/cm
2
, respectively;
P
<0.05), but no differences in mitochondrial complex activity. AK1 (adenylate kinase 1) was among the top 10 differentially expressed genes between Fischer and SD rats, with markedly lower RV expression in Fischer rats (FC: 3.36,
P
<0.05), confirmed by proteomic analysis and validated by Western blotting (>10-fold reduction,
P
<0.001). While whole-genome sequencing failed to reveal any coding region mutations in Fischer rats, there was a unique variant in a highly conserved upstream flanking region likely involved in the regulation of AK1 expression.

Conclusions:

Therefore, Fischer rats exhibit profound AK1 deficiency and inefficient cardiac energetics likely related to reduced adenosine triphosphate shuttling from the mitochondria to the contractile fibers. This represents a novel mechanism for RV failure in response to chronic increases in afterload.
A New Transcription and Assessment of 4Q9 (4QGenesisj)
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert
Published: October 2022

This article presents a new transcription of 4Q9 on the basis of the new photographs and the identification of four more fragments. The irregular hand and the scribal errors indicate that the scribe was not very skilled. Orthographically and morphologically the text is very close to the Samaritan Pentateuch.
One new species of Comesoma Bastian, 1865 (Nematoda: Araeolaimida: Comesomatidae) and redescription with molecular characterisation of Sphaerolaimus callisto Zograf, Pavlyuk, Trebukhova & Nguyen, 2020 (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Sphaerolaimidae) from the South China Sea
Authors: Fu Sujing , Cai Lizhe , Leduc Daniel , Lin Heshan
Published: October 2022

One new Comesoma Bastian, 1865 species and one known Sphaerolaimus species are described from the intertidal areas of a sand beach and mangrove wetland, respectively, in Beihai City, P.R. China (South China Sea) using morphological and molecular data. Comesoma sinica n. sp. is characterised by body length 2366-2925 μm, long cephalic setae 24-32 μm, cuticle without lateral differentiation, spiral amphids with 2.5 turns, bent spicules and 3.5-4.3 cloacal body diam. long, gubernaculum parallel with spicules, and males with 20 minute precloacal supplements in the form of small pores. Molecular analyses of 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA indicate that Comesoma sinica n. sp. is closely related to other Comesomatidae genera. Sphaerolaimus callisto Zograf, Pavlyuk, Trebukhova & Nguyen, 2020, which was originally described from an estuary of northern Vietnam, the South China Sea, is characterised by long spicules and vulva situated far posterior to mid-body (82% of body length from anterior extremity), and is recorded from mangrove wetlands in Beihai City. In addition, as Sphaerolaimus longispiculatus Yang, Liu & Guo, 2021 is highly similar to S. callisto in morphology, these two species should be synonymised. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA show that S. callisto is closely related to other species of Sphaerolaimus.
On the Colonial History of the Ideas of God(s) in Africa
Authors: Lunkwitz Diana
Published: October 2022

This contribution examines contested ideas of god(s) as held by Protestant missionaries and the German explorer Hugo Zöller in the early colonial period of Cameroon and in neighbouring West African countries in the 1880s. While many present studies on African Traditional Religion(s) tend to perpetuate an understanding of religion around one supreme god, Zöller’s reports included discontinuities and open questions. An intertextual reading approach is used to question historical and translation barriers and analyse the ideas of god(s) in reception history, including through the report of a later mission director and a handbook of religion. It becomes apparent that all the analysed historical material assumed one supreme god or one origin of religion, albeit according to the different interests of each foreign writer’s point of view. A decolonising reading that focuses on the foreigner’s idea of god(s) in the local people’s view then offers interesting insights into the perception and interpretation of the exploitative trade with ‘products’ from Cameroon linked to the coloniser’s own religion. That shift in perspective animadverts on the entire colonising trade system. This contribution thus proposes a decolonial historiography of religion in Africa in order to extend the critical investigation of reception history and perspectives.
Rescuing Ottoman History from the Turks
Authors: Eldem Edhem
Published: October 2022

History in Turkey has always been the prey of political and ideological pressures emanating from the state and government. For decades, most of this political ‘monitoring’ was dominated by the Kemalist view of history, which often bypassed or marginalized the Ottoman past. However, the last three decades or so have witnessed a gradual but radical shift, and Ottoman history has made a comeback, to the point of warranting the use of the term ‘neo-Ottomanist’ to describe governmental policies under the Justice and Development Party (akp). This qualitative change has been further enhanced by a quantitative one, concerning an unprecedented echoing of the new government- and state-sponsored grand narrative by the media and popular culture, leading to a serious and threatening siege of the discipline from non-academic circles. The time has come for the discipline to reflect on this phenomenon and evaluate its dangers and damages.
The ‘Turkish-Type’ Presidential System: an Imperial Civilisational Restoration?
Authors: Moudouros Nikos
Published: October 2022

This article analyses the ideological background on which the Justice and Development Party’s (akp) policy rested for the adoption of the presidential system in Turkey. It examines the presidential system as an akp claim aiming at the resolution of Turkey’s ‘basic historical contradiction’ through the effort to restore the Ottoman imperial legacy. In the same context, the analysis extends to the ideological content of ‘New Turkey’, which focuses on the adoption of a ‘Turkish-type’ presidential system. At this level the importance of the identification of a powerful state with the centralisation of executive power is emphasised as a natural result of the restoration of the Ottoman imperial legacy. Finally, the article presents specific problematic aspects arising from the social and ideological polarisation accompanying the transition of Turkey to the presidential system.
Aspects of Populism and Nostalgia in the akp’s Turkey
Authors: Theodorou Michalis
Published: October 2022

As a consequence of a long series of domestic and international political, economic and social developments that resulted in the rise of political Islam in Turkey, the Justice and Development Party (akp) came to power in 2002. Since then, it has been the dominant party in the country, developing a political narrative and a public discourse that have many attributes of modern populism. In line with its strategy to consolidate its power, the akp espouses a populist public discourse that is distinctive and multifaceted. One of its most important manifestations is the mobilization of the population through neo-Ottoman nostalgia, in a context of politicization of emotion to connect with the broader masses.
Historical Novel as a Propaganda Tool: Reviving the Ottoman Past in Fiction
Authors: Yıkık Ahmet
Published: October 2022

From the nineteenth century to the present day, a considerable number of Turkish novels have been published which either incorporate facts from Ottoman history directly into their plots, or rely on that history to form the background of the action. These novels play a significant role in the formation of Turkish national consciousness. The scope of this article is to analyse the historical novels İtiraf (Confession) and Her Yerde Kan Var (There is blood everywhere), which were written during the reign of the Justice and Development Party (akp). The article uses a sociology of literature approach to examine the two books’ depiction of the Ottoman Empire—their ‘Ottoman image’.
Imperial Genealogies and Ottoman Nobility in Republican Turkey: Reassessing the Distinction Between Public and Private Archives
Authors: Bouquet Olivier
Published: October 2022

As Grand Vizier from 1782 to 1785, Halil Hamid Pasha established a pious foundation (vakıf) in 1783. Administered by his descendants, the foundation gave impetus to various forms of family genealogy in the last two centuries. Celal Bükey and his son Erol Bükey administered the foundation (tevliyet) from 1973 to 1981 and from 1992 to 2002 respectively. Using their personal documents, the article studies the way father and son handled the various symbolic materials they had inherited from their predecessors in order to transform an ancien régime lineage into a republican dynasty organized through new family memorial references. Underlining the extent to which family archives need to be addressed as a cumulative process of preserving documents as deeds that legally guarantee ownership, the article also reassesses the line usually drawn by scholars between private papers and public archives.
Patrons, Painters, Women In Distress: The Changing Fortunes of Nevʿizade Atayi and Üskübi Mehmed Efendi in Early Eighteenth-Century Istanbul
Authors: Artan Tülay
Published: October 2022

Images of Ottoman women in verse and manuscript painting that have long been interpreted as realistic representations of their everyday life stand in stark contrast with how women are represented, addressed, and pigeonholed in religious books of conduct. While no distinction is made between the elite and commoners in these depictions of pleasurable outdoor activities, the regular, routine roles that the women played in the family and society disappear from sight. In light of a rare but well-known court scene showing women in public space and at a real trial of 1582, appended in all illustrated copies of Nevʿizade Atayi’s Ḫamse, I discuss the specifics of the legal opinion with which Pir Mehmed Efendi was associated, and how the trial was recollected in Istanbul’s literate circles after more than a century. Whether the production of the five illustrated Ḫamses in the first quarter of the eighteenth century was a concerted effort on the part of a specific group of artists, both Istanbulites and Inner Asians, is discussed in the second part of the article.
The Kutubiyya Mosque of Marrakesh Revisited
Authors: Almagro Antonio , Jiménez Alfonso
Published: October 2022

The aim of this article is to present a new survey of the Kutubiyya Mosque in Marrakesh (Morocco) produced between 2015 and 2018 using photogrammetric techniques. This work intends to close a surprising gap in the available information for one of the most important monuments of Western Islamic architecture. We also present our preliminary observations, formed during the course of producing these drawings. Although a building such as this mosque—with one part in use and therefore maintained regularly and another part heavily restored as a ruin—is difficult to investigate archaeologically, an analysis of the chronology and the construction process is proffered. We reject the prevalent theory that there were two subsequent mosques, with the newer one serving as a substitute for the older building. Instead, by presenting new dates and arguments, we propose that the Kutubiyya represents a single mosque built in two phases, the first part of which later fell into ruin.
Recognition for Good Europeans: On Axel Honneth’s Recognition
Authors: Kretz David
Published: October 2022

Axel Honneth’s Recognition tells a history of the concept of recognition along national lines. This response argues that a focus on transnational cross-pollination would be preferable on the grounds of historical accuracy, philosophical fecundity, and political cosmopolitanism. It would recognize its existent protagonists as the good Europeans they actually were and bring in others now relegated to the margins. It would lay the groundwork for a creative integration of national traditions, beyond the subsumption of French and British under German models. It would facilitate a theoretical dialogue with traditions beyond the Old Continent. I suggest that Hobbes could be a starting point for such a historical narrative, pointing to the importance of social recognition for his political theory (via Oakeshott), but also to traces of an incipient notion of moral-political recognition closer to the post-Kantian paradigm that Honneth champions.
Development of the Temporal Sense Scale (TSS) for General Populations
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Yanzheng , Hennessy Dwight , Zhao Sibo , Ji Haoyi
Published: October 2022

While measures of the subjective passage of time currently exist, few, if any, have been structured parsimoniously for use in general populations. The purpose of this study was to develop the Temporal Sense Scale (TSS) for general use in any population and test its validity with measures of positive and negative life evaluations in selected samples. Two randomly selected samples were collected in urban China. The first consisted of medical staff from a public hospital (), and the second consisted of heterogeneous nonmedical employees (). A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify demographics, life satisfaction, well-being, and temporal sense in both samples. Reliability and validity tests were performed on the TSS. Further analyses were conducted to examine the extent to which temporal sense was associated with positive psychological outcomes (well-being and life satisfaction) and psychopathologies (depression and suicidal ideation). The TSS showed high validity and strong internal reliability within both samples (Cronbach ). Fast temporal sense was positively associated with well-being and life satisfaction, and negatively associated with depression and suicidal ideation in both groups, even after controlling for age, gender, and other relevant factors. The TSS is presented as a valid measure of a general perception of the passage of time. Further, a general fast passage of time may be seen as an indicator of positive psychological outcomes such as life satisfaction and happiness, while a general negative passage of time is indicative of negative psychological outcomes, including depression and suicidal ideation. The Social Reference Theory is applied to account for the associations.
L’expédition d’Hatchepsout au pays de Pount
Authors: Mahfouz El-Sayed , Ragab Asmaa
Published: October 2022

Depuis nos premiers pas en Egyptologie, Ramadan El-Sayed était un grand nom au moins parmi les égyptologues égyptiens, parfois grâce à sa réputation scientifique internationale et d’autres fois en raison de son image effrayante pour sa rigueur et son intensité. Malheureusement, il n’a jamais été un de nos enseignants ou directeurs de recherches, pourtant, nous le considérons toujours comme le pionnier des chercheurs égyptiens étudiant l’Egyptologie en France. À Ramadan El-Sayed qui nous inspire toujours, nous dédions ces réflexions sur le pays de Pount.

L’expédition que la reine Hatchepsout a envoyée au pays de Pount est figurée sur les murs de la partie sud de la terrasse intermédiaire du temple de Deir el-Bahari. Ce bas-relief présente un intérêt particulier pour diverses raisons : l’expédition à Pount est considérée comme l’un des exploits les plus importants du règne d’Hatchepsout.Cette expédition est clairement la première mission vers Pount au Nouvel Empire ; sa représentation sur le mur d’un temple, c’est-à-dire, le château de millions d’années de la reine Hatchepsout, est la seule mention directe de relation entre l’Egypte et Pount dans l’institution religieuse. Les scènes mêmes sont bien détaillées surtout dans la représentation du voyage de la flotte et de l’environnement de Pount, de telle sorte que beaucoup d’égyptologues se sont appuyés sur elles pour construire leurs hypothèses sur la localisation de Pount.
The Occupational Structure of England and Wales: the 1939 National Register
Authors: Calabrese Matteo , Philips Robin , Keenan Robert , Leeuwen Bas van
Published: October 2022

A gap in the census surveys for England and Wales between 1921 and 1951 hinders the analysis of their labour structure for the interwar years. The present article uses a dataset containing occupational titles from the National Register – a census-like enumeration of 1939, recently digitised by the genealogy service ‘Find My Past’ – which was previously assigned numerical codes (the pst system). The study expands the existing data analysis on the occupational structure of England and Wales by introducing three further variables: the gender of the surveyed individuals, their age, and the shares of the inactive population per gender and age groups.
A New Ethics of Compassion for Animals: Said Nursi on the Rights of Flies
Authors: Özdemir (إبراهيم أوزدمير) İbrahim
Published: October 2022

This paper will try to present and discuss Said Nursi’s (d. 1960) ethics of compassion and the possibility of a new ethics of compassion derived from the Qurʾānic Weltanschauung. It will start with a slight detour in the history of philosophy to keep the evolution of an ethics of compassion in perspective. Then, it will deal with Said Nursi’s perception of compassion as he discovers mercy and compassion as universal values manifested by all creatures. For him, like al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111), Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240), and Rūmī (d. 672/1273), the existence and reality of divine mercy are as clear as the sun. Therefore, the compassion observed in humans, animals, and plants reflects and indicates universal compassion: it is from God. The paper’s primary focus will be on Nursi’s treatise on flies.