bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuum-scale Modeling of Solar Water-splitting Devices
Authors: Singh Meenesh R. , Haussener Sophia , Weber Adam Z.
Published: September 2018

In this chapter, we discuss the methodology beyond the mathematical modeling of solar water-splitting cells. In particular, we focus on the governing mathematical equations and relationships at the continuum level for mass, energy, light, and species transport and interactions as well as their implementation in a multiscale, multiphysics model. The chapter also discusses the rationale and objectives of continuum modeling including relevant perspective and cell-design case studies that encompass limiting cases. Throughout, possible issues with modeling and their mitigation are introduced so as to help the reader understand the pitfalls and power of modeling.
Correction: Analysis of dialkyl urine metabolites of organophosphate pesticides by a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique
Authors: Sinha Sukesh Narayan , Reddy B. Venkat , Vasudev Kasturi , Vardhana Rao M. Vishnu , Ahmed M. Noor , Ashu Shaik , Kumari Alka , Bhatnagar Vijay
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘Analysis of dialkyl urine metabolites of organophosphate pesticides by a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry technique’ by Sukesh Narayan Sinha et al., Anal. Methods, 2014, 6, 1825–1834.
Self-healing, stretchable and robust interpenetrating network hydrogels
Authors: Macdougall Laura J. , Pérez-Madrigal Maria M. , Shaw Joshua E. , Inam Maria , Hoyland Judith A. , O'Reilly Rachel , Richardson Stephen M. , Dove Andrew P.
Published: September 2018

A self-healable, mechanically strong and stretchable hydrogel network that supports cell encapsulation is reported to be achieved by creation of an interpenetrating network approach between PEG and natural polymers.
Sensing the chirality of various organic solvents by helically arranged π-blades
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Shoji Yoshiaki , Hashizume Daisuke , Nagata Yuuya , Fukushima Takanori
Published: September 2018

The three-bladed dynamic propeller molecule exhibits a chiroptical property in various chiral organic solvents.
A computational approach to interface engineering of lead-free CH3NH3SnI3highly-efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lazemi Masoud , Asgharizadeh Saeid , Bellucci Stefano
Published: September 2018

Interface engineering in lead-free CH3NH3SnI3perovskite solar cells (PSCs) provides a viable path to realization of environmentally benign, low-cost, and high-efficiency PSCs.
Intermolecular interactions upon carbon dioxide capture in deep-eutectic solvents
Authors: Shukla Shashi Kant , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka
Published: September 2018

An increase in hydrogen bond acceptor basicity (β) and a decrease in hydrogen bond donor acidity (α) simultaneously promotes higher CO2 uptake in deep eutectic solvents.
Light-assisted dynamic titration: from theory to an experimental protocol
Authors: Pellissier-Tanon Agnès , Chouket Raja , Le Saux Thomas , Jullien Ludovic , Lemarchand Annie
Published: September 2018

Forced light oscillations are used to titrate any targeted species using its specific kinetics and choosing adapted control parameter values.
Probing charge transfer characteristics in a donor–acceptor metal–organic framework by Raman spectroelectrochemistry and pressure-dependence studies
Authors: Usov Pavel M. , Leong Chanel F. , Chan Bun , Hayashi Mikihiro , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Sutton Joshua J. , Gordon Keith C. , Hod Idan , Farha Omar K. , Hupp Joseph T. , Addicoat Matthew , Kuc Agnieszka Beata , Heine Thomas , D’Alessandro Deanna M.
Published: September 2018

Donor–Acceptor Metal–Organic Frameworks display redox and pressure dependent charge transfer properties.
Structural stability and electronic properties of alkaline-earth metal induced Si(111)-(3 × 2) surfaces
Authors: Chai Jun-Shuai , Li Zhen-Zhen , Xu Li-Fang , Wang Jian-Tao
Published: September 2018

Alkaline-earth metal (Ca, Sr and Ba) induced Si(111)-(3 × 2) honeycomb chain-channel (HCC) surfaces have been systematically studied by means of ab initio calculations.
Arsenene nanoribbon edge-resolved strong magnetism
Authors: Wang Sanmei , Zhang Xi , Huang Yongli , Sun Chang Q.
Published: September 2018

Edge-resolved strong magnetism in arsenene nanoribbon is attributed to electron entrapment induced by edge bond contraction and potential deepening.
Base adsorption mechanism over zeolite catalysts at different Al contents probed by the tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM)
Authors: Bräuer Pierre , D’Agostino Carmine
Published: September 2018

The TEOM is able to quantify with high accuracy the extent of physisorption and chemisorption of base probe molecules over zeolite surfaces at different Al contents.
The coordination chemistry of phosphinidene sulfides. Synthesis and catalytic properties of Pd4 and Pt4 clusters
Authors: Chai Jinkui , Tian Rongqiang , Wu Di , Wei Donghui , Xu Qun , Duan Zheng , Mathey François
Published: September 2018

Easily made 7-phosphanorbornene sulfides serve as convenient precursors for transient [RP = S] ligands that react with [ML4] (L = PPh3) to give new stable tetranuclear star-like clusters (M = Pd, Pt).
Palladium nanoparticle functionalized graphene xerogel for catalytic dye reduction
Authors: Minati L. , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois , Micheli V. , Speranza G.
Published: September 2018

We report a method to synthesize a palladium-functionalized porous graphene xerogel structure.
Online monitoring of N-nitrosodimethylamine for the removal assurance of 1,4-dioxane and other trace organic compounds by reverse osmosis
Authors: Fujioka Takahiro , Kodamatani Hitoshi , Takeuchi Haruka , Tanaka Hiroaki , Nghiem Long D.
Published: September 2018

Online monitoring of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during reverse osmosis (RO) treatment was effective in ensuring the removal of trace organic chemicals, particularly 1,4-dioxane.
Ultraviolet irradiation sensitizes Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to multiple antibiotics
Authors: Zhao Fuzheng , Hu Qing , Ren Hongqiang , Zhang Xu-Xiang
Published: September 2018

UV irradiation disturbs the regulatory system of efflux pump proteins to sensitize P. aeruginosa to multiple antibiotics. The increasing susceptibility to rifampicin and vancomycin might be caused by UV-mediated mutations in antibiotic resistance genes.
Naturally occurring gallic acid derived multifunctional porous polymers for highly efficient CO2 conversion and I2 capture
Authors: Xie Chao , Song Jinliang , Wu Haoran , Hu Yue , Liu Huizhen , Yang Youdi , Zhang Zhanrong , Chen Bingfeng , Han Buxing
Published: September 2018

Novel porous organic polymers with multifunctional sites using plant-derived polyphenols as the building blocks showed superior applications in CO2 fixation and I2 adsorption.
White-emitting organometallo-silica nanoparticles for sun-like light-emitting diodes
Authors: Ezquerro Cintia , Fresta Elisa , Serrano Elena , Lalinde Elena , García-Martínez Javier , Berenguer Jesús R. , Costa Rubén D.
Published: September 2018

All for one and one for all! The first white-emitting organometallo-silica nanoparticles, based on the formation of organometallic dots (ODs), have been applied to design one of the most stable single-component white emitting hybrid light-emitting diodes, which closely mimics sunlight.
Smart electrically responsive hybrid ion-selective membranes for selective gated transport of ionic species
Authors: Allioux Francois-Marie , Balme Sébastien , Dumée Ludovic F.
Published: September 2018

Gate-keeper ion exchange membranes with up to 6 fold increase in ionic diffusion are designed by controlling the pseudo-capacitance and resistance of hybrid semi-permeable membranes.
New insights for the preparation of cytidine containing nucleotides using a soluble ether-linked polyethylene glycol support
Authors: Depaix Anaïs , Puy Jean-Yves , Roy Béatrice , Peyrottes Suzanne
Published: September 2018

The use of a traceless linker simplifies the method.
Fabrication of carbon nanotube-multiporphyrin array composites as light-sensitizer for photocurrent generation, photochromism of viologen and catalytic degradation of methyl orange
Authors: Wang Jing , He Wen-Li , Chen Meng , Qian Dong-Jin
Published: September 2018

Multiporphyrin arrays were assembled on the surface of MWNTs to produce light-sensitive nano-composites with improved opto-electric conversion efficiency, photochromic, and photocatalytic performance.
Correction: A three-dimensional metal grid mesh as a practical alternative to ITO
Authors: Jang Sungwoo , Jung Woo-Bin , Kim Cheolgyu , Won Phillip , Lee Sang-Gil , Cho Kyeong Min , Jin Ming Liang , An Cheng Jin , Jeon Hwan-Jin , Ko Seung Hwan , Kim Taek-Soo , Jung Hee-Tae
Published: September 2018

Correction for ‘A three-dimensional metal grid mesh as a practical alternative to ITO’ by Sungwoo Jang et al., Nanoscale, 2016, 8, 14257–14263.
Self-assembled pH-responsive supramolecular hydrogel for hydrophobic drug delivery
Authors: Wang Lin , Shi Xuefeng , Zhang Jian , Zhu Yuejun , Wang Jinben
Published: September 2018

Supramolecular hydrogel, AGC16/NTS, was used to encapsulate hydrophobic drug curcumin (Cur), constructing a pH-responsive drug delivery system; the uptake of released Cur by cancer cells also occurred.
Adsorption and reduction of hexavalent chromium on magnetic greigite (Fe3S4)-CTAB: leading role of Fe(ii) and S(−ii)
Authors: Zhou Yanxia , Zhao Yiting , Wu Xiaoge , Yin Weiqin , Hou Jianhua , Wang Shengsen , Feng Ke , Wang Xiaozhi
Published: September 2018

The presence of CTAB can promote the removal of hexavalent chromium from the Fe3S4-CTAB surface.
Polyellisin, a novel polyketide from cultures of the basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii
Authors: Wang Shuang , Li Zheng-Hui , Ai Hong-Lian , He Juan , Feng Tao , Liu Ji-Kai
Published: September 2018

Polyellisin (1), an unprecedented polyketide possessing a tricyclic system sharing a spiroketal carbon, was isolated from cultures of the basidiomycete Polyporus ellisii.
Pt–Nixalloy nanoparticles: a new strategy for cocatalyst design on a CdS surface for photo-catalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Mao Liqun , Ba Qianqian , Liu Shuang , Jia Xinjia , Liu Heng , Chen Wei , Li Xiying
Published: September 2018

In this report, PtNixalloy NPs coupled with a CdS photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light have been explored.
Dynamical insights into the mechanism of a droplet detachment from a fiber
Authors: Ojaghlou Neda , Tafreshi Hooman V. , Bratko Dusan , Luzar Alenka
Published: September 2018

For all drop sizes, water residue on the fiber is maximized by using intermediate rates of forcible drop detachment.
Clustering and phase separation of circle swimmers dispersed in a monolayer
Authors: Liao Guo-Jun , Klapp Sabine H. L.
Published: September 2018

Active Brownian particles can exhibit motility-induced phase separation, in which densely packed clusters coexist with freely moving swimmers. We investigate the impact of active rotation on the coexisting densities and discover a novel state of clockwise vortices.
Multi-stimuli-responsiveness of a novel polydiacetylene-based supramolecular gel
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Fu Suya , Liu Feiyang , Yu Haiyin , Gao Jiangang
Published: September 2018

Schematic illustration of the structure, polymerization and multi-stimuli-induced chromatic transition of a novel polydiacetylene (PDA)-based supramolecular gel.
Effects of ultrasonication on the interfacial interactions between poly(3-hexylthiophene) and graphene oxide
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Liu Ying , Hu Shan , Zhou Jianjun , Li Lin , Huo Hong
Published: September 2018

Ultrasonication was used to regulate the nanostructures of P3HTs (high Mw and low Mw). Molecular order is a crucial factor affecting the interfacial interactions between P3HTs and GO, and the amounts of P3HT nanofibers absorbed onto GO surface increased with decreased molecular order of nanofibers.
Template-free solvothermal preparation of ternary FeNi2S4 hollow balloons as RuO2-like efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction with superior stability
Authors: Wang He , Tang Jianhua , Li Yinle , Chu Hang , Ge Yuancai , Baines Robert , Dong Pei , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin
Published: September 2018

Ternary transition metal sulfide hollow structures are promising materials for energy storage and conversion applications.
Sequential precipitation induced interdiffusion: a general strategy to synthesize microtubular materials for high performance lithium ion battery electrodes
Authors: Chen Fei , Zhang Weixin , Fu Junrui , Yang Zeheng , Fan Xiaoming , Zhang Weibo , Chen Zhangxian , Huang Mengqiu , Yang Shihe
Published: September 2018

A general sequential precipitation induced non-equilibrium interdiffusion method gives access to a series of LiNixCoyMn1−x−yO2 microtube materials.
Surface energy-driven ex situ hierarchical assembly of low-dimensional nanomaterials on graphene aerogels: a versatile strategy
Authors: Pan Long , Gao Peiyuan , Tervoort Elena , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. , Niederberger Markus
Published: September 2018

A surface energy-driven strategy is proposed for ex situ hierarchical assembly of low-dimensional nanomaterials on graphene aerogels, which is applicable to a broad variety of low-dimensional nanomaterials regardless of their composition, shapes and dimensionalities.
Fabricating sandwich-shelled ZnCdS/ZnO/ZnCdS dodecahedral cages with “one stone” as Z-scheme photocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Jianmin , Shen Zirong , Lv Siming , Shen Kui , Wu Rongfang , Jiang Xiao-fang , Fan Ting , Chen Junying , Li Yingwei
Published: September 2018

Novel sandwich-shelled ZnCdS/ZnO/ZnCdS dodecahedral cages are synthesized with “one stone”, exhibiting advanced performance towards photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s as emitters in polymer LEDs
Authors: Smarsly Emanuel , Daume Dominik , Braig Felix , Koser Silke , Dörsam Edgar , Bunz Uwe H. F.
Published: September 2018

11 different dialkoxy- and dialkyl-poly(para-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPE)s featuring novel branched and literature described sidechains were prepared using a Sonogashira coupling. The materials were tested as emitters in thickness dependent OLED devices.
Complement is a rat natural resistance factor to amoebic liver infection
Authors: Olivos-García Alfonso , Nequiz Mario , Liceaga Scarlet , Mendoza Edith , Zúñiga Porfirio , Cortes Azucena , López-Velázquez Gabriel , Enríquez-Flores Sergio , Saavedra Emma , Pérez-Tamayo Ruy
Published: September 2018

Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica. This illness is prevalent in poor countries causing 100,000 deaths worldwide. Knowledge of the natural resistance mechanisms of rats to amoebic liver abscess (ALA) development may help to discover new pathogenic factors and to design novel therapeutic strategies against amoebiasis. In this work, histologic analyses suggested that the complement system may play a central role in rat natural resistance to ALA. E. histolytica trophozoites disappeared from rat liver within 6 h post-infection with minimal or no inflammatory infiltrate. In vitro findings indicate that rat complement was lethal for the parasite. Furthermore, hamsters became resistant to ALA by intravenous administration of fresh rat serum before infection. The amoebicidal potency of rat complement was 10 times higher than hamster complement and was not related to their respective CH50 levels. The alternative pathway of complement plays a central role in its toxicity to E. histolytica since trypan blue, which is a C3b receptor inhibitor, blocks its amoebicidal activity. These results suggest that amoebic membrane affinity, high for C3b and/or low for Factor H, in comparison with the hamster ones, may result in higher deposition of membrane complex attack on parasite surface and death.
A novel chlorination-induced ribonuclease YabJ from Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Kim Hyo Jung , Kwon Ae-Ran , Lee Bong-Jin
Published: September 2018

The characteristic fold of a protein is the decisive factor for its biological function. However, small structural changes to amino acids can also affect their function, for example in the case of post-translational modification (PTM). Many different types of PTMs are known, but for some, including chlorination, studies elucidating their importance are limited. A recent study revealed that the YjgF/YER057c/UK114 family (YjgF family) member RidA from Escherichia coli shows chaperone activity after chlorination. Thus, to identify the functional and structural differences of RidA upon chlorination, we studied an RidA homolog from Staphylococcus aureus: YabJ. The overall structure of S. aureus YabJ was similar to other members of the YjgF family, showing deep pockets on its surface, and the residues composing the pockets were well conserved. S. aureus YabJ was highly stable after chlorination, and the chlorinated state is reversible by treatment with DTT. However, it shows no chaperone activity after chlorination. Instead, YabJ from S. aureus shows chlorination-induced ribonuclease activity, and the activity is diminished after subsequent reduction. Even though the yabJ genes from Staphylococcus and Bacillus are clustered with regulators that are expected to code nucleic acid-interacting proteins, the nucleic acid-related activity of bacterial RidA has not been identified before. From our study, we revealed the structure and function of S. aureus YabJ as a novel chlorination-activated ribonuclease. The present study will contribute to an in-depth understanding of chlorination as a PTM.
Short-term immunogenicity of standard and accelerated hepatitis B virus vaccination schedules in healthy adults: a comparative field study in China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Wang Juan , Chen Xi , Yu Menglu , Yu Shuangbin , Sun Yuanyuan , Duan Jinchao , Sun Hongying , Yuan Ping
Published: September 2018

World Health Organization recommends hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization at 0, 1, and 6 months. However, studies have suggested that shortening the interval between the first and last HBV immunization can improve completion rates. Less clear is whether accelerated immunization is as immunogenic as standard immunization. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the short-term immunogenicity of yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine in healthy adults immunized on an accelerated or standard schedule. Between June 2013 and March 2014, individuals from Jinfeng and Longmen, China were randomly assigned to receive the vaccine on an accelerated schedule (at 0, 1, and 2 months; n=201) or a standard schedule (at 0, 1, and 6 months; n=206). Subjects filled out a questionnaire asking about demographic and other health data, and they underwent physical examination. Blood was assayed for HBV surface antigen and HBV surface antibody (HBsAb) at 1–2 months after the three-dose schedule. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to determine whether the rate of anti-HBs seroconversion differed with immunization schedule. Covariance analysis was used to compare geometric mean HBsAb concentration between the two schedules. The anti-HBs seroconversion rate was 84.6% in the accelerated group and 90.3% in the standard group. After controlling for several potential confounders, the accelerated schedule was associated with significantly lower anti-HBs seroconversion rate (OR: 0.560, 95% CI: 0.318–0.988). Similarly, the accelerated schedule was associated with significantly lower geometric mean HBsAb concentration. These results suggest that the standard schedule is more likely to lead to anti-HBs seroconversion and higher HBsAb levels in adults.
Troponins in scuba divers with immersion pulmonary edema
Authors: Marlinge Marion , Deharo Pierre , Joulia Fabrice , Coulange Mathieu , Vairo Donato , Gaudry Marine , Egensperger Mylene , Belkhiri Laura , Zouggarh Myriam , Bruzzese Laurie , Fromonot Julien , Charnay Théo , Petit Camille , Guiol Claire , Mottola Giovanna , Ben Lassoued Amin , Boussuges Alain , Guieu Régis , Louge Pierre
Published: September 2018

Immersion pulmonary edema (IPE) is a serious complication of water immersion during scuba diving. Myocardial ischemia can occur during IPE that worsens outcome. Because myocardial injury impacts the therapeutic management, we aim to evaluate the profile of cardiac markers (creatine phosphokinase (CPK), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), highly sensitive troponin T (TnT-hs) and ultrasensitive troponin I (TnI-us) of divers with IPE. Twelve male scuba divers admitted for suspected IPE were included. The collection of blood samples was performed at hospital entrance (T0) and 6 h later (T0 + 6 h). Diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography or computed-tomography scan. Mean ± S.D. BNP (pg/ml) was 348 ± 324 at T0 and 223 ± 177 at T0 + 6 h (P<0.01), while mean CPK (international units (IUs)), and mean TnT-hs (pg/ml) increased in the same times 238 ± 200 compared with 545 ± 39, (P=0.008) and 128 ± 42 compared with 269 ± 210, (P=0.01), respectively; no significant change was observed concerning TnI-us (pg/ml): 110 ± 34 compared with 330 ± 77, P=0.12. At T0 + 6 h, three patients had high TnI-us, while six patients had high TnT-hs. Mean CPK was correlated with TnT-hs but not with TnI-us. Coronary angiographies were normal. The increase in TnT during IPE may be secondary to the release of troponin from non-cardiac origin. The measurement of TnI in place of TnT permits in some cases to avoid additional examinations, especially unnecessary invasive investigations.
Global millimeter VLBI array survey of ultracompact extragalactic radio sources at 86 GHz
Authors: Nair Dhanya G. , Lobanov Andrei P. , Krichbaum Thomas P. , Ros Eduardo , Zensus Johann Anton , Kovalev Yuri Y. , Lee Sang-Sung , Mertens Florent , Hagiwara Yoshiaki , Bremer Michael , Lindqvist Michael , de Vicente Pablo
Published: September 2018

Context. Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86 GHz (wavelength, λ = 3 mm) reach a resolution of about 50 μas, probing the collimation and acceleration regions of relativistic outflows in active galactic nuclei (AGN). The physical conditions in these regions can be studied by performing 86 GHz VLBI surveys of representative samples of compact extragalactic radio sources.

Aims. To extend the statistical studies of compact extragalactic jets, a large global 86 GHz VLBI survey of 162 compact radio sources was conducted in 2010–2011 using the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA).

Methods. The survey observations were made in a snapshot mode, with up to five scans per target spread over a range of hour angles in order to optimize the visibility coverage. The survey data attained a typical baseline sensitivity of 0.1 Jy and a typical image sensitivity of 5 mJy beam−1, providing successful detections and images for all of the survey targets. For 138 objects, the survey provides the first ever VLBI images made at 86 GHz. Gaussian model fitting of the visibility data was applied to represent the structure of the observed sources and to estimate the flux densities and sizes of distinct emitting regions (components) in their jets. These estimates were used for calculating the brightness temperature (Tb) at the jet base (core) and in one or more moving regions (jet components) downstream from the core. These model-fit-based estimates of Tb were compared to the estimates of brightness temperature limits made directly from the visibility data, demonstrating a good agreement between the two methods.

Results. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the jet cores in our sample range from 2.5 × 109 K to 1.3 × 1012 K, with the mean value of 1.8 × 1011 K. The apparent brightness temperature estimates for the inner jet components in our sample range from 7.0 × 107 K to 4.0 × 1011 K. A simple population model with a single intrinsic value of brightness temperature, T0, is applied to reproduce the observed distribution. It yields T0 = (3.77−0.14+0.10) × 1011 K for the jet cores, implying that the inverse Compton losses dominate the emission. In the nearest jet components, T0 = (1.42−0.19+0.16) × 1011 K is found, which is slightly higher than the equipartition limit of ∼5 × 1010 K expected for these jet regions. For objects with sufficient structural detail detected, the adiabatic energy losses are shown to dominate the observed changes of brightness temperature along the jet.
Dossier : La fabrique de la compensation écologique : controverses et pratiques – Une définition opérationnelle de la nature ordinaire adaptée à la compensation écologique. Le cas contrasté des régions Centre, Champagne-Ardenne et Paca
Authors: Pellegrin Claire , Sabatier Rodolphe , Napoléone Claude , Dutoit Thierry
Published: September 2018

Considérant les limites actuelles de la compensation écologique pour recréer des écosystèmes remarquables, nous nous fondons sur l’hypothèse que la nature ordinaire serait plus facilement reproductible et donc plus pertinente comme objet des mesures compensatoires. Face à un manque de définition scientifique opérationnelle de la nature ordinaire, nous proposons une clef de détermination de cette notion reposant sur trois critères : absence de nature remarquable, dépendance de fonctionnement vis-à-vis de l’homme et faible complexité. Nous validons notre définition en l’appliquant à trois régions françaises contrastées : Centre, Champagne-Ardenne et Paca. Puis, afin d’évaluer l’adéquation entre besoins de compensation et stock régional de nature ordinaire existante, nous estimons l’artificialisation potentielle de nos trois régions d’étude à l’horizon 2040.
Was wissen wir über die reale Dauer der ärztlichen Weiterbildung in Deutschland?
Authors: van den Bussche Hendrik , Nehls Sarah , Boczor Sigrid , Siegert Stephanie , Kocalevent Rüya-Daniela , Scherer Martin
Published: September 2018

Zielsetzung In diesem Aufsatz wird untersucht, wie lange die ärztliche Weiterbildung tatsächlich dauert, welche Gründe bei einer Überschreitung der vorgeschriebenen Mindestzeiten eine Rolle spielen und wie hoch die Unterbrecherquote bzw. die Abbruchquote ist.

Methodik Multizentrische jährliche postalische Befragung des PJ-Jahrganges 2008/09 von 7 deutschen medizinischen Fakultäten. Für die Analysen wurden deskriptive Statistiken verwendet.

Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der Ärzte und Ärztinnen in Weiterbildung (58 %) gab im 5. Jahr der Weiterbildung an, für den Abschluss (deutlich) länger als die als Mindestdauer vorgeschriebene Zeit zu brauchen. Bei Ärztinnen (65 %) war dieser Anteil höher als bei Ärzten (43 %), bei Ärztinnen mit Kind erreichte er mit ca. 91 % den höchsten Wert. Ärztinnen, die eine vermutliche Verlängerung voraussahen, schätzten diesen Zeitraum im Mittel auf 19,6 Monate (SD = 14,7), Ärzte auf 11,5 Monate (SD = 8,6).

Bei Ärztinnen spielte der Faktor Kind/Eltern die wichtigste Rolle. Die Hälfte aller Angaben der Ärzte (und 31 % der Ärztinnen) beziehen sich auf organisatorische und curriculare Probleme der Weiterbildung.

Schlussfolgerung Es ist einerseits erforderlich, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, um die Erschwernisse der Weiterführung der Weiterbildung im Zusammenhang mit Elternwerden zu minimieren bzw. eine Wiederaufnahme der Berufstätigkeit zu erleichtern. Hierzu sollten curriculare und organisatorische Maßnahmen, beispielsweise verbindlichere Rotationspläne bzw. bessere Möglichkeiten der Weiterbildung in Teilzeit, implementiert werden.
Einnahme vor oder nach dem Essen? Das ist nicht
alles…
Authors: Smollich Martin
Published: September 2018

Wechselwirkungen zwischen Arzneimitteln und Lebensmitteln können sich für die
Betroffenen gravierend auswirken: So können die Folgen einer nicht erkannten
Wechselwirkung zwischen einem Arzneimittel und der zeitnah verzehrten Nahrung
von Wirkungsabschwächung und völligem Wirkungsverlust bis hin zu
lebensgefährlichen Überdosierungen reichen 1.
Obwohl die Risiken dieser Wechselwirkungen mitunter erheblich sind, ist der
kausale Zusammenhang den meisten Patienten, aber auch vielen Ärzten weitgehend
unbekannt.
Sarcopenia – Endocrinological and Neurological Aspects
Authors: Stangl Michaela , Böcker Wolfgang , Chubanov Vladimir , Ferrari Uta , Fischereder Michael , Gudermann Thomas , Hesse Eric , Meinke Peter , Reincke Martin , Reisch Nicole , Saller Maximilian , Seissler Jochen , Schmidmaier Ralf , Schoser Benedikt , Then Cornelia , Thorand Barbara , Drey Michael
Published: September 2018

Sarcopenia in geriatric patients is often associated with or even caused by changes of the endocrine and nervous system. The multifactorial pathogenesis of sarcopenia and additional multimorbidity in geriatric patients makes it difficult to study distinct pathogenic pathways leading to sarcopenia. Patients suffering from diabetes, Cushing’s syndrome, chronic kidney disease, Klinefelter’s syndrome or motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for example are known to have impaired muscle property and reduced physical performance. These patients are typically younger and suffer from conditions caused by a known molecular disease mechanism and a peculiar sarcopenic phenotype. Therefore, these sequelae can serve as prototypic disease models to study isolated endocrinological and neurodegenerative causes for sarcopenia. This review focuses on diseases whose etiopathogenesis of muscle impairment is known. The idea is to use these diseases as proof of principles to develop a classification algorithm of sarcopenia in the elderly to make a more mechanism-oriented therapy be possible.
Kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse nach Nierentransplantation
Authors: van der Giet Markus
Published: September 2018

Nach einer Nierentransplantation ist das Risiko für das Auftreten kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse leider immer noch hoch. Traditionelle Risikofaktoren spielen
hierbei neben dem Immunsystem – einschließlich der T- und B-Zellen – eine nichtzu unterschätzende Rolle. Mittlerweile gibt es viele Hinweise, darauf, dass das
Immunsystem in der Pathogenese von Hochdruck, Atherosklerose und koronarer Herzerkrankung wichtige Weichen stellt. Gerade die Expansion proinflammatorisch
wirksamer, zytotoxischer CD4+CD28null-positiver T-Zellen ist stark mit dem Auftreten von kardiovaskulären Ereignissen nach einer
Nierentransplantation assoziiert. Die humorale Antwort nach der Organtransplantation hat ebenfalls Einfluss auf die vaskuläre Inflammation mit Endothelschaden.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die immunologischen Mechanismen zusammengefasst und auch die bekannten Effekte der häufig verwandten immunsuppressiven
Medikamente mit ihrem bereits bekannten Einfluss auf das kardiovaskuläre System dargestellt.
Augmentation of Pharmacotherapy by Sleep Deprivation with Sleep Phase Advance in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Kurczewska Ewa , Ferensztajn-Rochowiak Ewa , Jasińska-Mikołajczyk Anna , Chłopocka-Woźniak Maria , Rybakowski Janusz K.
Published: September 2018

Introduction The aim was to assess the efficacy of total sleep deprivation (TSD) with sleep phase advance (SPA) in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and associated biochemical factors.

Methods We studied nine males and 12 females, aged 49±14 years, with treatment-resistant unipolar or bipolar depression, receiving antidepressant and mood-stabilizing drugs. The four-day schedule included single TSD and three consecutive nights with SPA. Biochemical markers were measured on the day before and on 1st, 7th and 14th day after the TSD.

Results Ten subjects met criteria for response, defined as a reduction of ≥50% in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, on the 14th day. Concentrations of cortisol at baseline were lower in responders, and they decreased during therapy in both groups. In responders, there was an increase of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-1β on the 14th day.

Discussion Our preliminary study demonstrated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy augmentation by TSD and SPA in half of the patients with TRD. The main biochemical factors related to clinical response included status of cortisol and increase in IL-10 and IL-1β levels.
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone Inhibits 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation via Regulation of AMPK and mTORC1
Authors: Son Hyo , Jang Young , Jung Chang , Ahn Jiyun , Ha Tae
Published: September 2018

2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a natural phytochemical present in fermented wheat germ. It has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antibacterial activities. However, the anti-adipogenic effects of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone and the mechanisms responsible have not previously been elucidated. Such findings may have ramifications for the treatment of obesity. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (5 and 7.5 µM) significantly reduced the expression of various adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α as well as adipocyte protein 2 and fatty acid synthase. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone upregulated AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation and inhibited the mature form of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c. Notably, 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone attenuated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 activity in 3T3-L1 and mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. These findings highlight a potential role for 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in the suppression of adipogenesis. Further studies to determine the anti-obesity effects of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone in animal models appear warranted.
Pflegepersonaluntergrenzen: Nun drückt Spahn auf’s Tempo
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: September 2018

Die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG) hat die Verhandlungen mit dem GKV-Spitzenverband über Personaluntergrenzen in der Pflege platzen lassen. Hauptgrund für das Scheitern ist ein Streit um die Festlegung eines statistischen Grenzwertes, ab dem Kliniken ihr Pflegepersonal aufstocken müssten. Nun wird das Gesundheitsministerium selbst die Untergrenzen vorgeben.
Neue Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung: Mit elektronischem Logbuch zum Wissen
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: September 2018

Nach sechs Jahren Vorarbeit verabschiedete der Deutsche Ärztetag die Gesamtnovelle der (Muster)-Weiterbildungsordnung. Die Mediziner sind nun überwiegend der Meinung, diese neue Weiterbildungsordnung biete neue Möglichkeiten. Doch was heißt das für die Ärzteschaft?
The Effect of Medial Tibial Slope on Anterior Tibial Translation and Short-Term ACL Reconstruction Outcome
Authors: Sauer Steffen , Clatworthy Mark
Published: September 2018

Background Increased tibial slope has been shown to be associated with higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure rate. Little is known about the correlation of tibial slope and anterior tibial translation in ACL deficient and reconstructed knees as well as the correlation of tibial slope and ACL reconstruction outcome.

Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of tibial slope with anterior tibial translation and ACL reconstruction outcome. It is hypothesized that increased medial tibial slope is associated with increased anterior tibial translation in the ACL deficient knee. Medial tibial slope is neither expected to affect anterior tibial translation in the ACL reconstructed knee nor short-term ACL reconstruction outcome.

Materials and Methods A cohort of 104 patients with unilateral isolated ACL deficiency undergoing hamstring ACL reconstruction by a single surgeon between 2002 and 2004 was followed up prospectively. Preoperative data were collected including patient demographics, time to surgery, subjective and objective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) outcome scores, as well as manual maximum anterior tibial translation measured with the KT-1000 measuring instrument. Medial tibial slope was assessed on long lateral X-rays using the method described by Dejour and Bonnin (1994). Intraoperative data were collected including meniscal integrity; postoperative data were collected at 1-year follow-up including manual maximum anterior tibial translation (KT-1000 measured), and subjective and objective IKDC scores.

Results A significant positive correlation was seen between medial tibial slope in ACL deficient knees and KT-1000–measured anterior tibial translation (r = 0.24; p = 0.003). The positive relationship increased when meniscal integrity was factored in (r = 0.33; p < 0.001). No significant correlation was seen between medial or lateral meniscal integrity and KT-1000–measured anterior tibial translation (r = −18; p = 0.06). No significant correlation was seen between KT-1000–measured anterior tibial translation and time to surgery. One year postoperatively, 82 patients were assessed, while 26 patients were lost to follow-up; no significant correlation was found between increased medial tibial slope and poor ACL reconstruction outcome measured by post-ACL reconstruction anterior tibial translation (KT-1000) or subjective and objective IKDC scores.

Conclusion Increased medial tibial slope is associated with increased (KT-1000 measured) anterior tibial translation in ACL deficient knees. No significant correlation is found between increased medial tibial slope and poor short-term ACL reconstruction outcome.
Functional Genomics for the Identification of Modulators of Platelet-Dependent Thrombus Formation
Authors: Vermeersch Elien , Nuyttens Benedicte , Tersteeg Claudia , Broos Katleen , De Meyer Simon , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Deckmyn Hans
Published: September 2018

Despite the absence of the genome in platelets, transcription profiling provides important insights into platelet function and can help clarify abnormalities in platelet disorders. The Bloodomics Consortium performed whole-genome expression analysis comparing in vitro–differentiated megakaryocytes (MKs) with in vitro–differentiated erythroblasts and different blood cell types. This allowed the identification of genes with upregulated expression in MKs compared with all other cell lineages, among the receptors BAMBI, LRRC32, ESAM, and DCBLD2. In a later correlative analysis of genome-wide platelet RNA expression with interindividual human platelet reactivity, LLRFIP and COMMD7 were additionally identified. A functional genomics approach using morpholino-based silencing in zebrafish identified various roles for all of these selected genes in thrombus formation. In this review, we summarize the role of the six identified genes in zebrafish and discuss how they correlate with subsequently performed mouse experiments.
Aktuelles zur Therapie von Melanom und Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Immunonkologische Checkpoint-Inhibitoren und BRAF/MEK-Inhibitoren sind beim malignen Melanom in der metastasierten Situation etabliert und rücken nun in das adjuvante Setting vor. In der Sitzung zu Hauttumoren wurde auf der Jahresversammlung der American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) die Immuntherapie auch als wirk-same Option beim aggressiven Merkelzellkarzinom in allen Therapielinien bestätigt.
Wenig neue Marker für die Therapiestrategie
Authors: Braitmaier Helmine
Published: September 2018

Die Sequenziertechnologie der nächsten Generation hat viele neue genetische Verän-derungen in Tumoren aufgedeckt. Doch welche genetischen Marker können Ärzten helfen, für jede Patientin die passende Therapie zu finden? Und spielt die Krebsart überhaupt noch eine Rolle? Bisherige Studienergebnisse sind ernüchternd.
Verbesserte Therapiekonzepte beim Magenkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: September 2018

Beim Magenkarzinom sind die Therapiemöglichkeit limitiert, vor allem im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Priv.-Doz. Dr. Sylvie Lorenzen, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, sprach auf dem Deutschen Krebskongress über Verbesserungen der Prognose von Magenkarzinompatienten durch zielgerichtete Therapien.
Die akute lymphatische Leukämie – Diagnostik, Subgruppen und Therapien
Authors: Wermann Wiba , Gökbuget Nicola
Published: September 2018

The acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogenous rare malignant disease of lymphoblastic precursor cells. The peak of incidence lies in childhood (5.3/100 000), but the incidence rises again from the age of 50 onwards, showing a second peak at patients > 80 years old (2.3/100 000). The ALL is an acute life-threatening disease which untreated leads to death within a short time. The therapeutic objective is cure. By the characterization of subgroups, their targeted therapy and therapy optimization cure rates could be improved (from less than 10 % in the eighties) to more than 50 – 70 % (depending on the subgroup). To this achievement the approach has contributed with risk adapted therapy protocols, with improved supportive therapy and in particular with taking the minimal residual disease (the most important prognostic factor) as a basis for the therapy decision. Recently, with the new immunotherapies there exist further promising options of targeted therapies.
Experimental study on uniformity of dielectric barrier discharge generated by nanosecond pulse in atmospheric air
Authors: Guo Hongfei , Yan Huijie , Liu Yidi , Fan Zhihui , Wang Yuying , Ren Chunsheng
Published: September 2018

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with better uniformity, excited by nanosecond pulses, is achieved within 8 mm air gap by using a self-designed DBD structure in airflow. The self-designed DBD structure is characterized by adding a metal rod (MR) in discharge gap, which will produce a local strong electric field and induce surface and volume discharge. It is observed from sequential single periodic discharge images that the uniformity of discharge starts from the electrode edge at the airflow inlet and moves gradually toward downstream under the action of airflow. When the uniformity of discharge is transmitted to a nearby of MR, a stable uniform and symmetrical annular discharge configuration is formed. Besides, that uniform area can be expanded by adding many MRs or MR array in the discharge gap. There is an optimum distance between every two MRs to produce a continuous and maximum discharge area with better uniformity. The above phenomena are mainly ascribed to the change of electric field distribution caused by MR and the charged particles redistribution induced by airflow.
Eliminating spin-contamination of spin-flip time dependent density functional theory within linear response formalism by the use of zeroth-order mixed-reference (MR) reduced density matrix
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Filatov Michael , Lee Sangyoub , Choi Cheol Ho
Published: September 2018

The use of the mixed reference (MR) reduced density matrix, which combines reduced density matrices of the MS = +1 and −1 triplet-ground states, is proposed in the context of the collinear spin-flip-time-dependent density functional theory (SF-TDDFT) methodology. The time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation with the mixed state is solved by the use of spinor-like open-shell orbitals within the linear response formalism, which enables to generate additional configurations in the realm of TD-DFT. The resulting MR-SF-TDDFT computational scheme has several advantages before the conventional collinear SF-TDDFT. The spin-contamination of the response states of SF-TDDFT is nearly removed. This considerably simplifies the identification of the excited states, especially in the “black-box” type applications, such as the automatic geometry optimization, reaction path following, or molecular dynamics simulations. With the new methodology, the accuracy of the description of the excited states is improved as compared to the collinear SF-TDDFT. Several test examples, which include systems typified by strong non-dynamic correlation, orbital (near) degeneracy, and conical intersections, are given to illustrate the performance of the new method.
Ultra-fast wide band spectrum analyzer based on a rapidly tuned spin-torque nano-oscillator
Authors: Louis Steven , Sulymenko Olga , Tiberkevich Vasil , Li Jia , Aloi Daniel , Prokopenko Oleksandr , Krivorotov Ilya , Bankowski Elena , Meitzler Thomas , Slavin Andrei
Published: September 2018

A spintronic method of ultra-fast broadband microwave spectrum analysis is proposed. It uses a rapidly tuned spin torque nano-oscillator (STNO) and does not require injection locking. This method treats an STNO generating a microwave signal as an element with an oscillating resistance. When an external signal is applied to this “resistor” for analysis, it is mixed with the signal generated by the STNO. The resulting mixed voltage contains the “sum” and “difference” frequencies, and the latter produces a DC component when the external frequency matches the frequency generated by the STNO. The mixed voltage is processed using a low pass filter to exclude the “sum” frequency components and a matched filter to exclude the dependence of the resultant DC voltage on the phase difference between the two signals. It is found analytically and by numerical simulation that the proposed spectrum analyzer has a frequency resolution at a theoretical limit in a real-time scanning bandwidth of 10 GHz and a frequency scanning rate above 1 GHz/ns, while remaining sensitive to signal power as low as the Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise floor.
Anatomy of modified Korteweg–de Vries equation for studying the modulated envelope structures in non-Maxwellian dusty plasmas: Freak waves and dark soliton collisions
Authors: El-Tantawy S. A. , Wazwaz A. M.
Published: September 2018

In this work, we study, in a systematic way, dust-acoustic modulated envelope structures such as rogue waves (unstable waves) and dark soliton (stable waves) collisions in a complex plasma with nonthermal ions and Boltzmann electrons. In the present plasma system, we can have both negative and positive potential structures associated with the nonlinear dust-acoustic structures. Therefore, we derived the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation, by using the reductive perturbation technique, to describe the nonlinear structures at critical plasma parameters. For studying the properties of the modulated envelope structures, the mKdV equation transformed to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Depending on the modulational instability analysis, the stability and instability regions for the propagating nonlinear modulated waves have been determined precisely. After that, the properties of the dust-acoustic rogue waves are examined within the instability regions. Moreover, the effects of physical parameters, such as the ion-to-electron temperature ratio and the ion nonthermal parameter on the profile of dust-acoustic rogue waves are examined. Furthermore, our investigations extended to study the head-on collisions of two-dark solitons in the stability regions. Using the extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo perturbation method, the dark solitons in the present plasma system develop according to two quasi-Korteweg–de Vries equations. After that, the phase shifts induced by the face-to-face collisions between two-dark solitons are obtained analytically. Also, the effects of the above physical parameters on the phase shifts are reported. The results may have relevance in space and laboratory dusty plasmas.
Engineering of the resistive switching properties in V2O5 thin film by atomic structural transition: Experiment and theory
Authors: Wan Zhenni , Mohammad Hashem , Zhao Yunqi , Yu Cong , Darling Robert B. , Anantram M. P.
Published: September 2018

Bipolar resistive switching has been reported in ITO/V2O5/ITO structures. Synthesized from the sol-gel process, the nanostructured V2O5·nH2O xerogel thin film endures significant structural transition during the post-annealing step. The impact of the structural transition of the V2O5 film on the resistive switching properties is studied in this work. The switching voltage decreases from 6.5 V to 3.0 V when the annealing temperature increases from 220 °C to 280 °C and then increases up to 5.0 V at 350 °C. Above the annealing temperature of 350 °C, the reversible switching characteristics disappear. The thermogravimetric measurement shows that intercalated H2O molecules fully evaporate above 350 °C. X-ray diffraction shows that the xerogel phase gradually vanishes as the annealing temperature increases, and only α-V2O5 and β-V2O5 exist at high annealing temperatures. Ab initio simulations are performed to evaluate the formation energies of the oxygen vacancy in xerogel, α-V2O5, and β-V2O5 phases. The results are in good agreement with the experiments: the formation energy of the oxygen vacancy is significantly lower in xerogel than in α-V2O5 and β-V2O5, enabling the occurrence of reversible switching when the xerogel phase exists in the sandwich structure.