bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Tumor‐Penetrated Nanocages Improve Accessibility to Cancer Stem Cells for Photothermal‐Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Tan Tao , Wang Hong , Cao Haiqiang , Zeng Lijuan , Wang Yuqi , Wang Zhiwan , Wang Jing , Li Jie , Wang Siling , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping
Published: October 2018

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to account for the initiation of cancer metastasis, but their accessibility remains a great challenge. This study reports deep tumor‐penetrated biomimetic nanocages to augment the accessibility to CSCs fractions in tumor for anti‐metastasis therapy. The nanocages can load photothermal agent of 1,1‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3,3‐tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (DBN) and chemotherapeutic epirubicin (EBN) to eradicate CSCs for photothermal‐chemotherapy of breast cancer metastasis. In metastatic 4T1‐indcued tumor model, both DBN and EBN can efficiently accumulate in tumor sites and feasibly permeate throughout the tumor mass. These biomimetic nanosystems can be preferentially internalized by cancer cells and effectively accessed to CSCs fractions in tumor. The DBN+laser/EBN treatment produces considerable depression of primary tumor growth, drastically eradicates around 80% of CSCs fractions in primary tumor, and results in 95.2% inhibition of lung metastasis. Thus, the biomimetic nanocages can be a promising delivery nanovehicle with preferential CSCs‐accessibility for effective anti‐metastasis therapy.
Planar Dual‐Gate Paper/Oxide Field Effect Transistors as Universal Logic Gates
Authors: Gaspar Diana , Martins Jorge , Bahubalindruni Pydi , Pereira Luís , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

Electronics on paper enable some specific applications out of conventional ones which require innovative approaches and concepts on the design of devices and systems. Within this context, this work demonstrates that a unique set of characteristics can be combined in planar dual‐gate oxide–based field effect transistors with a back floating electrode using paper simultaneously as substrate and dielectric. The working principle of these transistors relies on the formation of electric double layers at the semiconductor/paper and paper/back floating electrode interfaces (associated to ions displacement within the paper) that can be disturbed by a voltage applied at a secondary gate, by the back floating potential or by the combination of both. This feature allows for the control of the on‐voltage of the transistors, from depletion to enhancement mode, for instance. Moreover, this specific characteristic allows the implementation of universal logic gates (NAND and NOR) using only one transistor, by setting the proper combination of the voltage level applied at each gate. This way a simple and universal device architecture can be envisaged towards the simplification of the production of low power electronic systems on paper.
A lattice boltzmann approach to surfactant‐laden emulsions
Authors: Mukherjee Siddhartha , Berghout Pieter , Van den Akker Harry E.A.
Published: October 2018

We present a pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann method to simulate liquid–liquid emulsions with a slightly soluble surfactant. The model is investigated in 2‐D, over a wide parameter space for a single, stationary, immiscible droplet, and surface tension reduction by up to 15% is described in terms of a surfactant strength Λ (which roughly follows a Langmuir isotherm). The basic surfactant model is shown to be insufficient for arresting phase segregation—which is then achieved by changing the liquid–liquid interaction strength locally as a function of the surfactant density. 3‐D spinodal decomposition (phase separation) is simulated, where the surfactant is seen to adapt rapidly to the evolving interfaces. Finally, for pendent droplet formation in an immiscible liquid, the addition of surfactant is shown to alter the droplet‐size distribution and dynamics of newly formed droplets. © 2018 The Authors.AIChE Journalpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Institute of Chemical Engineers.AIChE J, 65: 811–828, 2019
Independent predictive factors for the persistence and tolerance of cow's milk allergy
Authors: Topal Erdem , Çeliksoy Mehmet Halil , Arga Mustafa , Kaynak Mustafa Sinan , Duman Yücel , Demirtaş Semih , Alataş Cem , Tonbul Hayrettin , Ökmen Zeynep Hazıroğlu , Dalkılıç Huri Maral
Published: October 2018

Background

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is usually transient, with most children tolerating ingested cow's milk by 3 years of age. This study aimed to determine factors that promote or hindering the development of tolerance to CMPA.

Methods

A logistic regression model was used to determine independent risk factors associated with tolerance and persistence of CMPA.

Result

A total of 178 children diagnosed with CMPA were included in the study. The patients’ median age was 32 months (minimum‐maximum, 14 to 144 months), and their median follow‐up period was 30 months (minimum‐maximum, 12 to 54 months). In the follow‐up, CMPA persisted in 62 (34.8%) patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to patient's age. Group I was <3 years old and group II was ≥3 years old. The factors independently associated with the persistence of CMPA for group I were as follows: comorbid food allergies (p = 0.021), the presence of an immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated reaction (p = 0.001), and respiratory system symptoms (ie, tachypnea) (p = 0.036). The presence of gastrointestinal‐related discomfort (p = 0.001) was an independent risk factor associated with the development of tolerance. The presence of comorbid food allergies (p = 0.03) was the only independent predictive factor for CMPA persistence for group II.

Conclusion

The prognosis in cases of CMPA, a food allergy, is good, with tolerance developing over time. The presence of IgE‐mediated CMPA, respiratory‐related symptoms (ie, tachypnea), and the presence of comorbid food allergies have negative effects on tolerance.
A Pair of Bacterial Siderophores Releases and Traps an Intercellular Signal Molecule: An Unusual Case of Natural Nitrone Bioconjugation
Authors: Trottmann Felix , Franke Jakob , Ishida Keishi , García‐Altares María , Hertweck Christian
Published: October 2018

In microbial interactions bacteria employ diverse molecules with specific functions, such as sensing the environment, communication with other microbes or hosts, and conferring virulence. Insights into the molecular basis of bacterial communication are thus of high relevance for ecology and medicine. Targeted gene activation and in vitro studies revealed that the cell‐to‐cell signaling molecule and disease mediator IQS (aeruginaldehyde) of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related bacteria derives from the siderophore pyochelin. Addition of IQS to bacterial cultures (Burkholderia thailandensis) showed that the signaling molecule is captured by a congener of another siderophore family, malleobactin, to form a nitrone conjugate (malleonitrone) that is active against the IQS‐producer. This study uncovers complex communication processes with derailed siderophore functions, a novel nitrone bioconjugation, and a new type of antibiotic against Gram‐negative bacteria.
Zugang zu 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornenen durch Phospha‐Aza‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktionen
Authors: Wonneberger Peter , König Nils , Kraft Fabian B. , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: October 2018

Das erste Beispiel für eine Phospha‐Aza‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion zwischen einem elektronenarmen Imin und 2H‐Phospholen liefert 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornene in einer hoch chemoselektiven und mäßig diastereoselektiven Reaktion. Die als Diene fungierenden intermediären 2H‐Phosphole entstehen in situ aus den entsprechenden 1H‐Phospholen. Theoretische Berechnungen bestätigen, dass die Phospha‐Aza‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion einen normalen Elektronenbedarf aufweist. Die reaktive P‐N‐Bindung in 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornenen kann durch Nucleophile unter Bildung von 2,3‐Dihydrophospholen gespalten werden.
Mechanistic Studies of Plasmon Chemistry on Metal Catalysts
Authors: Kazuma Emiko , Kim Yousoo
Published: October 2018

Chemical reactions induced by the localized surface plasmon (LSP) of metal nanostructures could be important for a sustainable society to achieve highly efficient conversion from solar energy to chemical energy. However, the reaction mechanism of plasmon chemistry in metal catalysis is still controversial. Mechanistic studies of plasmon chemistry involving direct interactions between the LSP and molecules are reviewed and discussed in terms of the excitation mechanisms of the molecules. We focus on the studies performed using plasmonic metal nanoparticles and highlight the recent progress in plasmon chemistry investigated using scanning probe microscopy with high spatial resolution to obtain mechanistic insights that cannot be obtained by macroscopic analytical methods. This Minireview delivers an overview of the mechanistic understanding of plasmon chemistry in metal catalysis at the current stage, and provides guidance for future studies with respect to clarifying reaction mechanisms.
Access to 1‐Phospha‐2‐azanorbornenes by Phospha‐aza‐Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Wonneberger Peter , König Nils , Kraft Fabian B. , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie
Published: October 2018

The unprecedented phospha‐aza‐Diels–Alder reaction between an activated electron‐poor imine and 2H‐phospholes yields 1‐phospha‐2‐azanorbornenes in a highly chemoselective and moderately diastereoselective reaction. The intermediate 2H‐phospholes, which act as dienes, are formed in situ from the corresponding 1H‐phospholes. Theoretical calculations confirm that the phospha‐aza‐Diels–Alder reaction is of normal electron demand. The reactive P−N bond in 1‐phospha‐2‐azanorbornenes can be cleaved by nucleophiles leading to the formation of 2,3‐dihydrophospholes.
Robotic Emergencies: Are You Prepared for a Disaster?
Authors: Carlos Grace , Saulan May
Published: October 2018

The surgical robot is a complex tool that surgeons use to perform a variety of minimally invasive procedures. Perioperative nurses play a vital role in patient care when the surgical robot is in use; a key goal is to ensure optimal patient safety while using this complex, innovative technology. Robotics proficiency requires extensive and continuous education for all members of the perioperative team. Successful robotics programs should employ focused initiatives and a multidisciplinary approach for the prevention and management of robotic emergencies. To facilitate the appropriate response and minimize patient harm, members of the surgical team should be aware of their expected roles and responsibilities. The robotics program should have specific procedures and protocols, such as a critical event checklist and an emergent conversion‐to‐open procedure checklist that define each surgical team member's task during an emergency, and robust ongoing education, skills review, and competency validation for robotics team members.
Single‐Event Multilevel Surgery to Correct Movement Disorders in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Wick Jane M. , Feng Jing , Raney Ellen , Aiona Michael
Published: October 2018

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a common motor disability that may be congenital or acquired. Children with CP often have gait, balance, and posture abnormalities, some of which may be severe enough to interfere with safe ambulation or other activities of daily living. Nonsurgical and surgical interventions are part of the management plan for children with CP. Historically, surgeons addressed gait deviations individually and sequentially with single‐level surgeries. However, computerized motion analysis and advances in orthopedic internal fixation devices have improved the outcomes for patients undergoing single‐event multilevel surgery. This article provides perioperative RNs with a basic understanding of movement disorders that can be corrected with single‐event multilevel surgery, the role of computerized motion analysis in making treatment decisions for ambulatory pediatric orthopedic patients with CP, and various treatment options for the movement disorders of children with CP.
Influence of water addition on the modification of polyethylene surface by nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Liu X. , Wang G. , Liu J. , Zhang J. , Liu S. , Wang C. , Yang Z. , Sun J. , Song J.
Published: October 2018

Polyethylene (PE) has many excellent material properties (low density, high flexibility, good chemical resistance, etc.), and is widely used in industrial and medical fields. However, the practical applications of PE are sometimes limited due to its poor wettability. In this article, we employ pure nitrogen atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) and N2‐H2O APPJ to hydrophilize PE surfaces. Wettability, time stability, chemical composition, micromorphology, and mechanical properties of the treated surfaces are investigated by contact angle measurement, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electric digital display push–pull machine. The pure nitrogen APPJ can hydrophilize PE surfaces without inducing obvious microstructure changes, and relatively better wettability (water contact angle = 13°) could thereby be achieved. On the other hand, the N2‐H2O APPJ creates micro/nanoscale pores on the treated hydrophilic surfaces, contributing to the better time stability and lower tensile strength. The results reported here clearly demonstrate the great potential of nitrogen APPJs with different water mixing ratios in controlling surface wettability and microstructures of polymer surfaces. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47136.
Preparation and characterization of a unique low‐cost microfiltration membrane from a technologically compatible poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) blend for water filtration application
Authors: Remanan S. , Bose M. , Das A. K. , Das N. C.
Published: October 2018

A membrane material is developed from the poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (EMA/PVDF) blend by partial chemical etching/swelling of the EMA copolymer. EMA/PVDF blends were prepared at various concentrations from 90/10 to 60/40 ratio, and the developed membrane was microporous nature. Prepared membranes were taken for water permeability measurement, and 80/20 blend membrane was selected for further filtration studies by considering the blend composition and optimum properties. Separation of various pollutants such as BSA proteins, oil–water emulsion, and E. coli bacteria have been studied in a cross‐flow filtration setup using 80/20 membrane. The prepared membrane was also taken for the industrial effluent separation, shows improved water parameters at the permeate side. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47218.
Controlled release of poly(vinyl sulfonate) scale inhibitor to extend reservoir treatment lifetime
Authors: Veisi Masoumeh , Johnson Stephen , Shafer‐Peltier Karen , Liang Jenn‐Tai , Berkland Cory , Chen Ming , Barati Reza
Published: October 2018

Precipitate scale formation is a major issue for the oil industry, plugging equipment, and reservoirs and resulting in increased operational costs. Poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) is often used as a scale inhibitor to prevent the formation of barium sulfate scale. However, PVS effectiveness is limited by its short lifetime in reservoir. In this article, PVS has been entrapped in polyelectrolyte complex nanoparticles (PECNPs), altering its charge and thus enabling improved adsorption on the rock surface. As the ionic strength of the surrounding brine increases, the PVS is then released from the PECNPs, making it available to inhibit scale formation gradually. Positively charged PECNPs were made using a combination of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and PVS. After NPs optimization, static adsorption tests were performed, which confirm the nanoparticles' rapid and strong adsorption. An increase in the ionic strength of the displacing fluid was used to decompose the PECNPs structure and release the PVS into solution. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47225.
Psychosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study
Authors: Hanly John G. , Li Qiuju , Su Li , Urowitz Murray B. , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Bernatsky Sasha , Clarke Ann E. , Wallace Daniel J. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Merrill Joan T. , Fortin Paul R. , Gladman Dafna D. , Bruce Ian N. , Petri Michelle , Ginzler Ellen M. , Dooley M. A. , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Zoma Asad A. , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Jonsen Andreas , Khamashta Munther A. , Alarcón Graciela S. , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Lim S. Sam , Inanc Murat , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Jacobsen Soren , Peschken Christine A. , Kamen Diane L. , Askanase Anca , Theriault Chris , Farewell Vernon
Published: October 2018

Objective

To determine, in a large, multiethnic/multiracial, prospective inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the frequency, attribution, clinical, and autoantibody associations with lupus psychosis and the short‐ and long‐term outcomes as assessed by physicians and patients.

Methods

Patients were evaluated annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including psychosis. Scores on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, and the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) were recorded. Time to event and linear regressions were used as appropriate.

Results

Of 1,826 SLE patients, 88.8% were female and 48.8% were Caucasian. The mean ± SD age was 35.1 ± 13.3 years, the mean ± SD disease duration was 5.6 ± 4.2 months, and the mean ± SD follow‐up period was 7.4 ± 4.5 years. There were 31 psychotic events in 28 of 1,826 patients (1.53%), and most patients had a single event (26 of 28 [93%]). In the majority of patients (20 of 25 [80%]) and events (28 of 31 [90%]), psychosis was attributed to SLE, usually either in the year prior to or within 3 years of SLE diagnosis. Positive associations (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) with lupus psychosis were previous SLE NP events (HR 3.59 [95% CI 1.16–11.14]), male sex (HR 3.0 [95% CI 1.20–7.50]), younger age at SLE diagnosis (per 10 years) (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.01–2.07]), and African ancestry (HR 4.59 [95% CI 1.79–11.76]). By physician assessment, most psychotic events resolved by the second annual visit following onset, in parallel with an improvement in patient‐reported SF‐36 summary and subscale scores.

Conclusion

Psychosis is an infrequent manifestation of NPSLE. Generally, it occurs early after SLE onset and has a significant negative impact on health status. As determined by patient and physician report, the short‐ and long‐term outlooks are good for most patients, although careful follow‐up is required.
Decoupling Controller with Disturbance Observer for LTI MIMO Systems
Authors: Yin Hao , Lin Shuyi , Ye Fei , Zhang Weidong
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a decoupling multivariable control strategy for linear time‐invariant (LTI) multi‐input/multi‐output (MIMO) systems is proposed. The strategy includes a multivariable disturbance observer (MDOB) and a decoupling controller. This MDOB is introduced to improve the system performances when the system encounters severe external disturbances.H2optimal scheme is utilized to design the MDOB filter. The controller is developed based on an inverse control method, through which the design process can be simplified. Simulation results certify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Vertical vibration control of an in‐wheel motor‐driven electric vehicle using an in‐wheel active vibration system
Authors: He Ren , Wang Jun‐Cheng
Published: October 2018

The objective of this study is to present a novel in‐wheel (IW) active vibration system for an IW motor (IWM)‐driven electric vehicle to overcome the negative effects of vertical vibration due to road roughness and the impact of rotary inertial forces from the IWM. First, the reason for the poor ride comfort of the general electric wheel structure is examined by theoretical derivation. Second, a 6 degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) vehicle model is established and the corresponding cost function based on 10 ride comfort indexes is proposed. Third, a fuzzy optimal sliding mode (FOSM) control method is presented and the IW active vibration system is designed by applying this proposed control theory. Then, normalization and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodologies are adopted to select reasonable weighted coefficients of performance indexes. Finally, the advantages of the electric vehicle with the IW active vibration system are illustrated by MATLAB/Simulink. Analysis results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Classifying Drinking Water Systems to Improve Their Effectiveness
Authors: Grigg Neil S.
Published: October 2018

Standardized data collection about water providers could paint a comprehensive picture of this group, nationally and globally; ownership is a critical factor in governance and equipping providers to perform well.
Self‐healing encapsulation and controlled release of vaccine antigens from PLGA microparticles delivered by microneedle patches
Authors: Mazzara J. Maxwell , Ochyl Lukasz J. , Hong Justin K. Y. , Moon James J. , Prausnitz Mark R. , Schwendeman Steven P.
Published: October 2018

There is an urgent need to reduce reliance on hypodermic injections for many vaccines to increase vaccination safety and coverage. Alternative approaches include controlled release formulations, which reduce dosing frequencies, and utilizing alternative delivery devices such as microneedle patches (MNPs). This work explores development of controlled release microparticles made of poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) that stably encapsulate various antigens though aqueous active self‐healing encapsulation (ASE). These microparticles are incorporated into rapid‐dissolving MNPs for intradermal vaccination.

PLGA microparticles containing Alhydrogel are loaded with antigens separate from microparticle fabrication using ASE. This avoids antigen expsoure to many stressors. The microparticles demonstrate bi‐phasic release, with initial burst of soluble antigen, followed by delayed release of Alhydrogel‐complexed antigen over approximately 2 months in vitro. For delivery, the microparticles are incorporated into MNPs designed with pedestals to extend functional microneedle length. These microneedles readily penetrate skin and rapidly dissolve to deposit microparticles intradermally. Microparticles remain in the tissue for extended residence, with MNP‐induced micropores resealing readily. In animal models, these patches generate robust immune responses that are comparable to conventional administration techniques. This lays the framework for a versatile vaccine delivery system that could be self‐applied with important logistical advantages over hypodermic injections.
Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds with a Pt/Co3O4‐CeO2 Catalyst
Authors: Inoue Kenichiro , Somekawa Shoichi
Published: October 2018

For emission control of volatile organic compounds (VOC), e.g., in the painting and printing industries, conventional Pt/Al2O3 and Co3O4‐CeO2 catalysts are used. On the Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, aromatic hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring such as toluene can be oxidized at a lower complete oxidation temperature than on Co3O4‐CeO2, under typical treatment conditions. However, ethyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol can be oxidized at a lower complete oxidation temperature on Co3O4‐CeO2 than on Pt/Al2O3. In this study, platinum was directly supported on Co3O4‐CeO2. Using chloroplatinic acid, the platinum cohered and the catalytic activity did not improve. But when the platinum was supported using platinum colloid coated with dispersant, high‐dispersion support of the platinum on the Co3O4‐CeO2 surface was achieved, and toluene, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol could be oxidized at less than 250 °C.
Kinetic Model of Two‐Phase Epoxidation with Ionic Liquids as Micellar Catalysts
Authors: Schäffer Johannes , Zehner Bastian , Korth Wolfgang , Cokoja Mirza , Jess Andreas
Published: October 2018

The biphasic catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene using the ionic liquid (IL) 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐octyl‐imidazolium perrhenate ([OMMIM]ReO4) as micellar catalyst and H2O2 as oxidant was investigated. Kinetic experiments were carried out in the intrinsic kinetic regime as proved by variation of stirring rate and temperature. Variation of catalyst concentration allowed for determination of the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the catalytic IL. The effect of substrate concentrations on the reaction rate was also assessed. Based on the experiments, a kinetic model adapted from enzyme catalysis was proposed to account for the micellar reaction environment. The model takes into account the onset of micelle formation at the CMC. The application of the kinetic model illustrated the good agreement with the experimental data. The model will be applied to other micellar epoxidation reactions and for the design of an appropriate reaction setup in the future.
Dysprosium Single‐Molecule Magnets with Bulky Schiff Base Ligands: Modification of the Slow Relaxation of the Magnetization by Substituent Change
Authors: Long Jérôme , Basalov Ivan V. , Forosenko Natalia V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Mamontova Ekaterina , Cherkasov Anton V. , Damjanović Marko , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Trifonov Alexander A.
Published: October 2018

The synthesis, and magnetic and photoluminescence investigations of two bifunctional dysprosium complexes based on tridentate Schiff base ligands is reported. Magnetic investigations reveal a genuine single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior, with out‐of‐phase signals up to 60 K, and tunable emission arising from the Schiff base ligands.
Polyarteritis nodosa with ureteric stenosis
Authors: Funai Naoko , Kobori Go , Machida Satoru , Tokura Yoshiki
Published: October 2018

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a primary systemic medium‐vessel vasculitides. In systemic PAN, the most frequent skin lesions are purpura, livedo, and nodules. We report a case of PAN with stenosis of the ureter. A 60‐year‐old Japanese woman had a 5‐year history of subcutaneous nodules, purpura, livedo‐like dark erythema on the bilateral lower legs, with histopathology of necrotizing vasculitis of medium‐sized arteries. Radiologically, hydronephrosis of both kidneys was found with stenosis of the ureters. She received radical nephrectomy of the right kidney and ureter and retention of ureteral stent for the left one. The removed ureter showed stenosis with prominent fibrosis of the lamina propria and muscular layer. We diagnosed the condition as systemic PAN with ureteric stenosis. Oral prednisolone exerted a good therapeutic effect. There have been reported 16 cases of systemic PAN with ureteric stenosis, including our case. Ureteric stenosis is one of the important manifestations of systemic PAN.
Fast purification of graphene oxide solution by continuous counter current hollow fibre dialysis: A step towards large scale production
Authors: Bhunia Prasenjit , Kumar Monish , De Sirshendu
Published: October 2018

Continuous countercurrent hollow fibre based dialysis was used to purify a graphene oxide (GO) solution rapidly. A 12 kDa cutoff membrane was used for this purpose. The deposited layer of GO particles and flakes acted as a dynamic membrane that entrapped electrolytes, to some extent. This method took 17 h to purify 1 L of GO solution compared to several weeks by batch dialysis without compromising purification efficiency. A one‐dimensional steady state model was used to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficient and predict the concentration profiles of feed and dialysate side. Thus, the demonstrated method was a step towards large scale production of GO.
Optical measurement standards for reflective e‐paper to predict colors displayed in ambient illumination environments
Authors: Hertel Dirk
Published: October 2018

Color displays are viewed in ambient conditions ranging from indoor lighting to bright sunlight. For emissive displays such as phones or tablets, color and readability are disturbed by ambient light reflected from the screen. However, ambient light is required to view e‐paper, so color measurements must be reflection‐based. This article describes how a bidirectional reflectance distribution function‐based methodology for measuring the disturbing reflection on emissive displays has been applied to measure the useful reflection from e‐paper displays. These measurements have been embedded in recently developed optical measurement standards for e‐paper that contain color measurement specifications for spectral reflection and—if a front light is present—spectral radiance of each displayed color. Then the measurements are combined with ambient illumination models to predict how display colors would appear in realistic lighting conditions. Although developed for e‐paper, this concept can be applied to any type of color display. Examples illustrate the standard measurement methodology, and how to predict displayed colors on both handheld e‐paper and emissive displays in both indoor and daylight viewing conditions.
Two‐Step Co‐Immunoprecipitation (TIP)
Authors: Sciuto Maria Rita , Coppola Valeria , Iannolo Gioacchin , De Maria Ruggero , Haas Tobias L.
Published: October 2018

In the past few decades, numerous approaches have been developed to investigate protein‐protein and protein‐nucleic acid interactions (PPIs and PNIs). Affinity purification methods such as co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP) are commonly used to detect and isolate the macromolecular complexesresulting from these interactions. In this article, we describe a two‐step co‐immunoprecipitation (TIP) technique. As compared to standard co‐IP, TIP provides increased specificity in the isolation of PPIs or PNIs under native expression conditions, dramatically reducing the abundance of nonspecific binders and thus facilitating downstream analyses of the interaction complexes. Here, we report a detailed TIP procedure that we used to purify a protein‐protein complex from Burkitt lymphoma cells and from primary human CD4+ T cells. In addition, this unit describes an application of TIP for the isolation of transcription‐factor‐bound chromatin. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Can environmental, social, and governance rating agencies favor business models that promote a more sustainable development?
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres María Jesús , Fernández‐Izquierdo María Ángeles , Rivera‐Lirio Juana M. , Escrig‐Olmedo Elena
Published: October 2018

The development of sustainable finance favors the appearance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rating agencies as providers of ESG information and tools for measuring the contribution of companies to sustainable development. This paper attempts to show whether assessment methods adopted by eight ESG agencies are consistent with the Integrative ESG Sustainable Value Framework proposed according to the literature and sustainable business models (SBMs) conceptualization. An exploratory research analyzes whether these methods are identifying and/or driving more SBMs that contribute to promote the creation of sustainable value, seeking to generate economic, social, and environmental value. Results indicate that ESG rating agencies identify the short‐term results in the internal organizational perspective mainly in the environmental dimension, whereas social aspects are emphasized from the external organizational perspective. However, ESG rating agencies are not driving a more SBMs that must integrate ESG criteria in a holistic way with a short‐term and long‐term perspective.
Mucinous adenocarcinoma of gallbladder: Subcategorisation on fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Vallonthaiel Archana George , Yadav Rajni , Jain Deepali , Mathur Sandeep R. , Iyer V. K.
Published: October 2018

Background

Mucinous adenocarcinoma (MC) of gallbladder is a rare histological subtype of gallbladder carcinoma (CaGB) which presents at an advanced stage and is associated with a poor prognosis compared to the conventional CaGB. This variant has been described mostly as reports or series, except for a single detailed histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Till date, there are no studies describing the cytomorphology of MC in detail. Hence, we undertook this study to analyse the cytomorphological features of MC.

Methods

A retrospective cytomorphological analysis was performed on MC identified out of all CaGB diagnosed on cytology over a period of last 4 years. The architectural and cellular features were recorded in a structured proforma.

Results

Thirty‐three cases (33/987, 3.3%) were identified as MC. Extracellular mucin >90% was seen only in 3 cases whereas the remaining 30 had 50%‐90% mucin. The predominant architectural pattern was tight epithelial fragments (14/33). The tumour cells were mostly of intermediate size (31/33) and had moderate amount of cytoplasm (31/33). Majority of the cases showed moderate nuclear pleomorphism (28/33) and nuclear chromatin was fine granular (17/33) or vesicular (14/33). Most of the cases had single and small nucleoli (26/33). Presence of inflammation composed predominantly of polymorphs was noted in 25 cases. Majority of the cases showed no (15/33) or scant necrosis (13/33).

Conclusion

The morphological features of MC can very well be demonstrated on cytology. As they are associated with poor prognosis compared to conventional CaGB, cytopathologists should try to document the subtype.
Foxc2 is required for proper cardiac neural crest cell migration, outflow tract septation, and ventricle expansion
Authors: Inman Kimberly E. , Caiaffa Carlo Donato , Melton Kristin R. , Sandell Lisa L. , Achilleos Annita , Kume Tsutomu , Trainor Paul A.
Published: October 2018

Background: Proper development of the great vessels of the heart and septation of the cardiac outflow tract requires cardiac neural crest cells. These cells give rise to the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia, the smooth muscle layer of the great vessels, some cardiomyocytes, and the conotruncal cushions and aorticopulmonary septum of the outflow tract. Ablation of cardiac neural crest cells results in defective patterning of each of these structures. Previous studies have shown that targeted deletion of the forkhead transcription factor C2 (Foxc2), results in cardiac phenotypes similar to that derived from cardiac neural crest cell ablation. Results: We report that Foxc2‐/‐ embryos on the 129s6/SvEv inbred genetic background display persistent truncus arteriosus and hypoplastic ventricles before embryonic lethality. Foxc2 loss‐of‐function resulted in perturbed cardiac neural crest cell migration and their reduced contribution to the outflow tract as evidenced by lineage tracing analyses together with perturbed expression of the neural crest cell markers Sox10 and Crabp1. Foxc2 loss‐of‐function also resulted in alterations in PlexinD1, Twist1, PECAM1, and Hand1/2 expression in association with vascular and ventricular defects. Conclusions: Our data indicate Foxc2 is required for proper migration of cardiac neural crest cells, septation of the outflow tract, and development of the ventricles. Developmental Dynamics 247:1286–1296, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Advances and Perspective on Design and Synthesis of Electrode Materials for Electrochemical Sensing of Heavy Metals
Authors: Hou Huijie , Zeinu Kemal M. , Gao Shun , Liu Bingchuan , Yang Jiakuan , Hu Jingping
Published: October 2018

The increase in release of toxic heavy metals into natural water attracts much attention due to its devastating effect on ecology and human health. The design and implementation of green electrode materials is pivotal for improving the electrochemical performance of in situ heavy metal monitoring. This work reviews various novel electrode materials and hybrid materials that improve electrochemical detection. Modified green and novel electrode materials offer better performance due to their improved deposition with wide linear and enhanced response under optimized sensing parameters. In particular, recent works related to gold, carbon materials, bismuth, and metal oxide‐based electrodes are reviewed. The environmentally friendly (“green”) characteristics, as well as their versatility and flexibility, are especially emphasized. In addition, synthesis methods and novel designs of electrode integration are highlighted. Most of the substantial achievements as well as breakthroughs in recent years are surveyed, and the challenges and prospective in this field are also identified.
A Review of Advanced Energy Materials for Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Kong Long , Yan Chong , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhao Meng‐Qiang , Titirici Maria‐Magdalena , Xiang Rong , Zhang Qiang
Published: October 2018

Magnesium–sulfur batteries promise high volumetric energy density, enhanced safety, and low cost for electrochemical energy storage. The current obstacles to practical applications of reliable magnesium–sulfur batteries are finding electrolytes that can meet a multitude of rigorous requirements along with efficient sulfur cathodes and magnesium anodes. This review highlights recent advances in designing better electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes. A suitable electrolyte for magnesium–sulfur batteries should allow to reversibly electroplate/strip divalent magnesium ions and should be compatible with the sulfur cathode and the other cell's components. Another challenge to be addressed is the careful engineering of the interface and microstructure in the sulfur scaffold to effectively mitigate the soluble magnesium polysulfide shuttle and to enhance the reaction kinetics. We highlight that the ongoing research in this field encourages the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanisms and the interplay among the different components by diverse characterization techniques.
Chemistry of α‐Phosphanyl α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Peulecke Normen , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. , Heinicke Joachim W.
Published: October 2018

After a short introduction on potential applications and types of phosphanyl‐substituted α‐amino acids the current knowledge on syntheses of acyclic and heterocyclic α‐phosphanyl α‐amino acids, their structural features, properties, reactivity and usability in Ni‐catalyzed ethylene oligomerizations is reviewed with the aim to encourage further studies with these new hybrid phosphane ligands and their N‐ and carboxy‐protected as well as functionalized derivatives are still unexplored.
Ammonium Ion Intercalated Tungsten Oxide Nanorods with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency and Low Cytotoxicity
Authors: Fang Zhenxing , Wang Boran , Wang Wei , Yan Jiefeng , Pang Guangsheng
Published: October 2018

Hexagonal (NH4)xWO3 has emerged as a promising photothermal agent in recent years due to the charge compensation reaction when cation intercalation occurs. We chose the ammonium ion to intercalate into the hexagonal crystal channel of tungsten oxide because of its appropriate ion radius and unique interaction with the hexagonal channel. The transmission electron microscope image shows that the morphology of the as‐prepared (NH4)xWO3 is a nanorod with a 10 nm radius and 50 nm length. The product exhibits strong absorption across the whole near infrared and ultraviolet light spectrum, as well as part of the visible light spectrum. Moreover, it exhibits a photothermal conversion efficiency up to 69.3 % at 808 nm with good photothermal stability, and features excellent biocompatibility during the co‐culture process with MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Ethynyl‐Tolyl Extended 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole Dyes: Solution and Solid‐state Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Emitters
Authors: Munch Maxime , Curtil Mathieu , Vérité Pauline M. , Jacquemin Denis , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles
Published: October 2018

Dual solution/solid‐state emissive fluorophores based on a 2‐(2′‐Hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) core bearing one or two ethynyl‐tolyl moieties at different positions were synthesized via an expedite two‐step synthetic procedure. HBO derivatives are known to display intense Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) emission in the solid‐state but are mildly emissive in solution due to the detrimental flexibility of the excited‐state opening efficient non‐radiative pathways. The sole introduction of a rigid ethynyl moiety led to a sizeable enhancement of the fluorescence quantum yield in solution, up to a 15‐fold increase in toluene as compared to unsubstituted HBO dyes while keeping the high solid‐state fluorescence efficiency. The position of the substitution on the π‐conjugated core led to subtle fine‐tuning of maximum emission wavelengths and quantum yields. Moreover, we show that the ethynyl tolyl substituent at the para position of the phenol ring is a suitable moiety for an efficient stabilization of the corresponding emissive anionic HBO derivatives in dissociative solvents like DMF THF or EtOH. These observations were confirmed in CH3CN by a basic titration. For all dyes, the nature of the excited‐state involved in the fluorescence emission was rationalized using ab initio calculations.
Performance of a light timber‐framed compartment in natural fire subjected to lateral load
Authors: Jessop Daniel , Abu Anthony , Wade Colleen , Spearpoint Michael , Gerlich Hans
Published: October 2018

A common approach for designing buildings for lateral stability during and post‐fire in New Zealand is to ensure that a fire‐rated structure does not collapse when subjected to a nominal horizontal force. For external walls of residential buildings, which are required to resist a lateral load of 0.5 kPa, it is hypothesised that the adjacent unrated construction could provide sufficient support. A natural fire experiment has been conducted to evaluate the fire performance of a laterally loaded light timber‐framed compartment, with external dimensions of 4.33 m × 3.35 m and a stud height of 2.4 m constructed with a timber truss roof and plasterboard ceiling. During the experiment, the ceiling collapsed at 12 to 13 minutes, and the bottom chord of the roof truss failed in tension after 28 minutes which resulted in the fire‐rated wall losing its lateral stability at 28 minutes. The fire severity experienced in the compartment has been estimated to correspond to an equivalent time of 33‐minute exposure to a standard furnace time‐temperature. It is concluded that there is no need to provide nominal (additional) moment‐resisting fixity at the base of the fire‐rated wall when exposed to the standard fire for no more than 30 minutes.
Positive and negative religious coping as predictors of distress among minority older adults
Authors: O'Brien Brittany , Shrestha Srijana , Stanley Melinda A. , Pargament Kenneth I. , Cummings Jeremy , Kunik Mark E. , Fletcher Terri L. , Cortes Jose , Ramsey David , Amspoker Amber B.
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The study replicated and extended previous findings by investigating relationships between positive and negative religious coping and psychological distress in minority older adults.

Methods

Older adults were evaluated during screening and baseline procedures of a psychotherapy clinical trial for late‐life worry and anxiety. Participants were age 50 years or older and recruited from low‐income and predominantly minority neighborhoods. Participants screening positive for worry (PSWQ‐A ≥ 23) with no significant cognitive impairment (Six‐Item Screener for cognitive impairment ≤2) completed a diagnostic interview and baseline assessments. Positive and negative religious coping were assessed with the positive and negative coping subscales of the Brief Religious Coping scale. Psychological distress was assessed with measures of depression, anxiety, and worry. A set of multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between religious coping and each measure of psychological distress.

Results

Negative religious coping was associated with greater anxiety, worry, and depression. Positive and negative religious coping interacted such that positive religious coping buffered the effects of negative religious coping on anxiety and depression. Significant main effects and interactions remained after controlling for age, gender, race, years of education, and study.

Conclusions

The findings of this study are consistent with prior work showing that negative religious coping is associated with greater psychological distress. This study replicates previous findings that positive religious coping may buffer the harmful effects of negative religious coping and extends understandings of the specific psychological impacts that positive and negative religious coping may have on older, minority adults.
Interhemispheric connectivity during lateralized lexical decision
Authors: Chu Ronald K. , Meltzer Jed A.
Published: October 2018

The well‐established right visual field (RVF‐lh) advantage in word recognition is commonly attributed to the typical left hemisphere dominance in language; words presented to the LVF‐rh are processed less efficiently due to the need for transcallosal transfer from the right to left hemisphere. The exact stage for this hemispheric transfer is currently unsettled. Some studies suggest that transfer occurs at very early stages between primary visual regions, whereas other studies suggest that transfer occurs between the left visual word form area and its right hemisphere homolog. This study explores these conflicting accounts and finds evidence for both. Participants conducted a lateralized lexical decision task with both unilateral and bilateral display conditions. Connectivity analyses were conducted from magnetoencephalography signals that were localized to the left middle occipital gyrus (LMOG), right middle occipital gyrus (RMOG), left visual word form area (LVWFA), and right visual word form area (RVWA). Results from unilateral trials showed asymmetrical interhemispheric connectivity from the RMOG to LMOG and symmetrical interhemispheric connectivity between the LVWFA and RVWFA. Furthermore, bilateral presentations led to reduced interhemispheric connectivity between both homologous region of interest pairs. Together, these results suggest that lateralized word recognition involves multiple stages of interhemispheric interactions and that these interactions are reduced with bilateral displays.
The changing dynamics of rill erosion on sloping farmland during the different growth stages of a maize crop
Authors: Luo Jian , Zheng Zicheng , Li Tingxuan , He Shuqin
Published: October 2018

Rill erosion is a serious concern in the hilly region of China with purple soil, and maize is extensively cultivated in this region. Evaluations of the dynamic mechanisms of rill erosion in sloping farmland areas are particularly important during the maize growing season to determine whether rill erosion can occur. A new ridge tillage (RT) system was designed using local agricultural methods in China. Twelve artificial rainfall experiments were conducted in three 1 × 2 m experimental plots with a slope of 15°, which is a typical slope in the study area. The rainfall intensities were designated as 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm min−1. The rainfall experiments were performed in the field to determine the characteristics of run‐off and sediment transport related to rill erosion processes during different stages of maize growth and to analyse how hydraulic parameters and the sediment yield of the rill erosion process are related. The results showed that rill flow patterns were mainly classified as subcritical transition flow during all the growth stages of maize. The effects of hydrodynamic parameters on the sediment yield were ordered as follows: Reynolds number > stream power > Froude number > shear stress. The total sediment yield varied by stage as follows: seedling stage > jointing stage > mature stage > tasseling stage. The sediment yield and run‐off rate exhibited a linear relationship that was well described at the hillslope scale. To initiate soil loss in sloping farmland areas with purple soil during the maize growing season, the critical hydrodynamic shear stress and stream power must be at least 46.505 Pa and 1.541 N m−1 s−1, respectively.