bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaktionssintern von AlMg–MgO zur Herstellung von Bauteilen auf Spinellbasis
Authors: Dierkes S. , Kuntz M. , Grathwohl G.
Published: February 2022

Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von Spinellbasis-Werkstoffen durch Reaktionssintern wird vorgestellt. Die Oxidation von metallischem Aluminium wird sowohl durch das Legierungselement Magnesium als auch durch den Kontakt mit Magnesiumoxid beschleunigt, so dass bei der hier gewählten Zusammensetzung eine besonders günstige Reaktionskinetik erreicht wird. Für den Erfolg des Verfahrens ist die exakte Steuerung der auftretenden Effekte, insbesondere der Zeitpunkt der Benetzung von MgO durch Aluminium, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Ein vollständiger Abschluss der Reaktion kann bei Temperaturen von 900 bis 1000 °C erreicht werden, wobei sich ein charakteristisches Keramikgefüge mit einer dominierenden geschlossenen Porosität einstellt. Der Werkstoff wird dadurch weitgehend gasdicht. Durch die Volumenkonstanz bei der Reaktionssinterung eignet sich das Material unter anderem zur Verbindung mit anderen Bauelementen aus Keramik oder Metall.
Writing assistant scoring system for English second language learners based on machine learning
Authors: Lyu Jianlan
Published: February 2022

To reduce the workload of paper evaluation and improve the fairness and accuracy of the evaluation process, a writing assistant scoring system for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners is designed based on the principle of machine learning. According to the characteristics of the data processing process and the advantages and disadvantages of the Browser/Server (B/S) structure, the equipment structure design of the project online evaluation teaching auxiliary system is further optimized. The panda method is used to read the data, the clean method is used to realize the data preprocessing, the model test is carried out, the cross validation method is selected, the data is divided in advance, and the process of programming the problem scoring system is further optimized, the automatic scoring technology is constructed by English teaching recognition module, feature extraction module and scoring module, the table structure of programming problems is designed, the auxiliary evaluation program of English writing is designed, and the design of writing auxiliary scoring system is completed. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the accuracy of the system is close to 90%, and the total average difference is 0.56. The system can normally take out a variety of test papers. Considering the subjectivity of manual scoring and the impact of key code setting on scoring, the carefully set key code can effectively improve the scoring accuracy of the system. The scoring strategy of the automatic scoring system is effective and the scoring effect is good, and it can be used in practical application.
The positron and mechanical parameters of a cold-worked aluminum alloy (3004) Using PALT, PADBT and HV**
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed , Mostafa Mostafa Y. A , Abdel-Rahman M. , Abdel-Rahman M. A. , Badawi Emad A. , Lin Y. C.
Published: February 2022

In the present work, the influence of plastic deformation on the properties of a 3004 Al-alloy was studied with different techniques. Crystallite size, dislocation density, defect density, micro-strain, and stored dislocation energy are presented and compared for different three techniques.

Methodology

Many techniques for detecting defects have been developed, such as the positron annihilation lifetime technique (PALT), the positron annihilation Doppler broadening technique (PADBT), and the Vickers hardness test (HV).

Implications

The positron mean lifetime value of a non-deformed sample is 173±4.8 ps, which increases until the thickness reduction reaches a 10% deformation then saturated at saturation trapping of the positron in defect states with a mean of 221±5 ps. At an S-parameter of 0.3709±0.0031, a W-parameter of 0.5885±0.0057 was obtained at zero deformation: this decreases until saturation at 10% deformation.

Findings

A good correlation between the three techniques is observed for mean crystallite size. A good correlation was also noted between PALT and PADBT from 0 to 10% thickness reduction. HV has good correlations with PALT and PADBT from 0 to 6% thickness reduction: then a clear difference was found from 6 to 15% thickness reduction.

Originality

such results confirm the fact that the used technique can effects on the obtained results in some limitations.
Is Zoom viable for sociophonetic research? A comparison of in-person and online recordings for sibilant analysis
Authors: Calder Jeremy , Wheeler Rebecca
Published: February 2022

This study is part of a larger project investigating whether Zoom is a viable data collection method for sociophonetic research, examining whether Zoom recordings yield different acoustic measurements than in-person recordings for the exact same speech for 18 speakers. In this article we analyze five spectral measures of sibilants (peak, center of gravity, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) which have been shown to be conditioned by dimensions of identity like speaker gender and sexual orientation in much previous sociolinguistic research. We find that, overall, Zoom recordings yield significantly lower peak, center of gravity, and standard deviation measurements and significantly higher skewness and kurtosis values than in-person recordings for the same speech, likely due to a lower sampling rate on Zoom recordings. However, a preliminary analysis controlling for sampling rate across recording methods reveals the opposite patterns for nearly all measures, suggesting that Zoom stretches the spectral space when compared with the in-person recorder. Because the values of these measurements can lead analysts to draw social interpretations relating to a speaker’s performance of gender and sexual identity, we caution against comparing across Zoom and in-person recordings, as differences in measurements may result from the recording method used to collect the data.
First record of the Peale’s free-tailed bat Nyctinomops aurispinosus (Peale, 1848) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Chile revealed by acoustic surveys, with notes on ecology and distribution
Authors: Rodríguez-San Pedro Annia , Ugarte-Núñez Joaquín A. , Beltrán Clemente , Allendes Juan Luis
Published: February 2022

The bat fauna from the extreme north of Chile is poorly known, principally due to a lack of dedicated surveys. To better assess the diversity of bats there, we conducted acoustic surveys at Arica city and three coastal valleys (Azapa, Lluta and Camarones) in the Arica and Parinacota region, Chile. We obtained 82 acoustic records of the Peale’s free-tailed bat (Nyctinomops aurispinosus) in nine sites within the region. This species had not been previously documented in Chile but was known from adjacent Tacna province, Peru. Echolocation calls of N. aurispinosus can be distinguished from other molossid bat species occurring in the area by its lower frequency range. Our data suggest a wide distribution of N. aurispinosus across the coastal valleys of the Arica and Parinacota region, where they were active in both natural and anthropized habitats. This southernmost record of N. aurispinosus for the Pacific coast, extends its known range ca. 150 km southward, and increases up to 15 the number of bat species in Chile.
Comparison of three methods for measuring the bending stiffness of ultrafine metal wires
Authors: Li Jianna , Shao Huiqi , Chen Xi , Shao Guangwei , Jiang Jinhua , Chen Nanliang
Published: February 2022

Ultrafine metal wires have been widely used as structural constituents of metal meshes for electromagnetic interference shielding. To investigate the bending property of metal wires during the knitting process, the three-point bending, cantilever bending, and pure horizontal bending methods were carried out and compared. The relationships among the bending property, the twist pitch and the number of twisted wire strings were also analyzed. The specific dependence of the bending stiffness on twist pitch resulted from the internal frictional constraints, and a twist pitch of 4.5 mm was chosen as the optimized twisted parameter. The bending properties evaluated by the three methods were equally sensitive to the twist pitch, and a similar linear trend of bending stiffness with the number of twisted wire strings was found. The values of bending stiffness from the three methods were significantly different, and the descending order was the three-point bending, the cantilever bending, and the pure horizontal bending method. The correlation coefficient of the three methods was higher than 0.935, which is a strong positive correlation. From the investigation came a conclusion that the three-point bending method is more useful in realistic conditions because of its diversity and universality for various bending deformations.
Surface preparation effects on anodization and corrosion resistance of pure titanium grade 2
Authors: Buddhasuwan Panisara , Khamwannah Jirapon , Lothongkum Gobboon
Published: February 2022

A layer of TiO2 nanotubes is widely used as a surface application on Titanium (Ti) implants because the nanotubes help promote cell adhesion and provide better cell response than the metal surface. Although several studies have reported the relationship between TiO2 nanotubes and cell osseointegration rate, the corrosion rate of the TiO2 nanotube layer under the circumstance of usage has yet to be fully evaluated. In this work, we have studied the effect of surface preparation conditions on the corrosion behavior of a TiO2 nanotube layer on a pure Ti substrate. The surface of the titanium substrate was prepared by different methods, followed by one-step anodization to obtain a TiO2 nanotube array. A surface roughness non-contact tester and field emission scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the surface roughness and surface morphology of the as-received, mechanically polished, and chemically polished substrate both pre and post anodization. The corrosion behavior of the prepared substrates was also investigated in Phosphate Buffered Saline solution using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The results suggest that surface roughness at the nanoscale of the prepared surfaces has no relationship with corrosion resistance. However, after anodization, the corrosion rate has a good relationship with the standard deviation of inner tube/pore diameter.
Effects of laser and electron beam welding on the mechanical properties of bake hardening sheets
Authors: Özkul İskender , Şehirli Servet , Akkurt Adnan
Published: February 2022

Bake hardening sheets are frequently used materials in the automotive industry. The unique feature of these materials like hardening with the paint baking process is convenient for the manufacturer. Also, the bonding technique is a common issue for assembly lines. With new technologies regarding the welding process after the 1990s, the concept of welding has changed. In this study, the electron beam and laser beam sources, which are still considered new, are used for welding 260 BH bake hardening sheets used in the automotive industry as galvanized and non-galvanized. The characterization analysis of the mechanical behavior of the bonded materials was conducted. The macroscopic and microscopic structural modifications, as well as residual stresses, were measured, and they were compared with each other. From the experiments, very effective results have been found. The results were analyzed in detail from different perspectives in terms of material properties and types of weldment processes.
Multi-energy X-ray CT and data-constrained modeling of shale 3D microstructure
Authors: Li Jianli , Yang Yu-Shuang , Wang Haipeng , Yu Lingjie , Liu Keyu , Ma Jie , Wei Yadong
Published: February 2022

Three Longmaxi Formation shale samples from different well depths were analyzed for their total organic carbon (TOC) content and mineral phases. Synchrotron-based multi-energy X-ray computed tomography (CT) slices have been acquired for these samples. Deviations of the sample center away from the harmonic trajectory during X-ray CT imaging were corrected to improve the accuracy of CT reconstructed tomographic slices. The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of porosity and mineral in the samples was derived using the data-constrained modeling (DCM) method. The equivalent spherical diameters of connected pore-organics clusters and the connection probabilities were calculated to evaluate the spatial agglomeration and the spatial correlation of pore-organics in the samples. Numerical results showed that the distribution of the connected regions size and the connection probabilities of pore-organics for three samples have similar characteristics. The connection probabilities versus the distance follow exponential law. The connection probability appeared to be positively correlated to the number of pore-organics connected clusters when the distance between the voxels is shorter than 10 μm. Comparing samples from the three well depths, both the numbers of connected regions and connection probabilities of the samples from a deeper well are higher. The approach would be applicable for structural characterization of other similar materials.
Platform Configuration: A Longitudinal Study and Conceptualization of a Legacy News Publisher’s Platform-Related Innovation Practices
Authors: Chua Sherwin , Westlund Oscar
Published: February 2022

Purpose

Publishers are innovating their practices in the face of global platform companies’ growing dominance on journalism. This study examines how publishers innovate their editorially oriented activities vis-à-vis third-party platforms with respect to six stages of news production. In doing so, this article introduces and advances platform configuration as a conceptual framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This five-year longitudinal case study of a Singaporean legacy news publisher uses a mix-method qualitative approach. It includes in-depth interviews with 35 staff, newsroom observations and close monitoring of the publisher’s website and apps.

Findings

This study offers three key findings about the publisher’s platform configuration. First, multidirectionality: the publisher simultaneously leveraged on platforms’ capacities (building platform presence), while also reducing dependence on them (platform counterbalancing). Second, specificity: the publisher added, removed and/or modified editorially oriented activities with respect to the six stages of news production. Third, commitment: the publisher calibrated its commitment to specific activities oriented towards either building platform presence and/or platform counterbalancing.

Practical implications

This article introduces a 2 × 2 platform configuration matrix that classifies and explains how and why publishers engage in platform configuration.

Theoretical and social implications

Scholars can draw on platform configuration to study and advance theorizing on the evolving publisher-platform interrelationship. Platform configuration is useful for understanding how publishers reconcile their innovation practices and strategize their commitment to news activities in relation to platforms with broader journalistic and financial objectives.

Originality/value

This is the first study that introduces and advances the concept of platform configuration with regard to publishers’ innovation practices. Both the platform configuration concept and matrix allow researchers to classify and operationalize future longitudinal and short-term studies into the publisher-platform dynamic.
Modeling analysis of microenvironment of 3D cell mechanics based on machine vision
Authors: Zhang Yuejin , Ye Mengqiu , Wang Juan , Li Guanghui , Zhong Meiling , Zhan Aiyun
Published: February 2022

Aiming at the problem of poor construction accuracy of the cellular three-dimensional (3D) mechanical microenvironment, this article studies the cellular 3D mechanical microenvironment based on machine vision. The gelatin methacrylate microgel column was prepared by NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast and precursor solution of gelatin methacrylate microgel. The gelatin methacrylate microgel array with magnetic end was adopted. The external magnetic field was used to load microgel array and build 3D mechanics microenvironment model. The deformed pictures of hydrogel under magnetic field were obtained by fluorescence microscope. The scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the pore structure of gelatin methacrylate hydrogel. The pictures obtained by machine vision method were used to calculate the deformed parameters of sample. The machine vision method adopted the discrete cosine transform for autofocus, and then used the image analysis and processing technology to identify and estimate the cell motion parameters. After getting the cell motion parameters, Comsol multiphysics (COMSOL) multiphysics multifield coupling finite element analysis software was adopted. The correlative numerical simulation method and gel deformed simulation method were used to obtain the mechanical changes of cells in the 3D mechanical microenvironment. Experimental results show that the modulus of gelatin methacrylate microgel is changed significantly during the tensile loading. The tensile strain and the cell spreading area are nonlinearly related. The increase in stiffness of the hydrogel substrate helps to promote cell proliferation to a certain extent.
Efficient data aggregation technique for medical wireless body sensor networks
Authors: Belhaj Mohamed Mbarka , Meddeb-Makhlouf Amel , Fakhfakh Ahmed , Kanoun Olfa
Published: February 2022

A central issue in Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSNs) is the large amount of measurement data for monitoring vital parameters, which need to be continuously measured, immediately processed and timely transmitted. This requires a big storage space and computing effort leading to a high-power consumption. Reducing the amount of transmitted data contributes significantly to an extension of the sensor operation time. In this contribution, we focus exactly at this aspect. We propose a data aggregation method based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) combining multiple physiological signals, which are the ElectroCardioGram (ECG), ElectroMyoGram (EMG) and Blood Pressure (BP), in one signal before transmission. The simulation and implementation results reveal a reduction of energy consumption to 87.32 %, ensuring a high accuracy level (80.53 %) and a relatively execution time (48.47 ms).
Reynolds stress tensor and velocity measurements in technical flows by means of magnetic resonance velocimetry
Authors: John Kristine , Wüstenhagen Carolin , Schmidt Simon , Schmitter Sebastian , Bruschewski Martin , Grundmann Sven
Published: February 2022

Magnetic Resonance Velocimetry (MRV), an imaging method based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), enables the measurement of flow parameters such as the velocity and the Reynolds Stress Tensor (RST) in complex structures without optical or physical access to the flow field. Several previous studies investigated the application of MRV velocity measurement in technical flows and obtained results that agreed well with reference data. However, only a few studies have investigated RST measurements using MRV beyond medical applications, and even though the qualitative results were promising, further work is required to establish this method. This study demonstrates the application of two-dimensional three-component (2D3C) velocity and six-component (2D6C) RST measurements in the flow field behind the sudden expansion of a scaled replica of the FDA benchmark nozzle. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) data accessible from an interlaboratory study was used for comparison. Furthermore, two different orientations of the imaging plane were measured to investigate the effect of the imaging orientation on the results. The measurement uncertainty of the mean axial velocity is 1.2 % related to the bulk velocity. The RST results agree well with the PIV data, but quantitative deviations occur in the areas where the influence of systematic errors was expected. Comparing different imaging orientations demonstrates that the sequence design affects the quantitative results of the measurement.
Electrochemical quantification of biomarker myeloperoxidase
Authors: Hoyo Javier , Bassegoda Arnau , Tzanov Tzanko
Published: February 2022

Point of care testing (PoCT) devices permit precise and rapid detection of disease-related biomarkers contributing to an early disease diagnosis and administration of an appropriate treatment. The enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a relevant biomarker for infection and inflammation events assessment; however its direct electrochemical quantification is hindered by the limited accessibility to the iron atom in its active center. Herein, such hindrance of the MPO biomolecule is overcome using the redox mediator 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The charge involved in the electrochemical reduction of the MPO-oxidized ABTS is correlated with the concentration of MPO. The use of ABTS allowed for the electrochemical assessment of a wide range of MPO concentrations (10–1000 nM) including those reported for wound infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and early adverse cardiac events. The developed electroanalytical approach is rapid and inexpensive, and thus suitable for implementation in PoCT devices.
Enhancing the in vivo stability of polycation gene carriers by using PEGylated hyaluronic acid as a shielding system
Authors: Liu Jiaxue , Bao Xiaoli , Kolesnik Irina , Jia Boyan , Yu Zihan , Xing Caiyun , Huang Jiawen , Gu Tingting , Shao Xiaotong , Kletskov Alexey , Kritchenkov Andreii S. , Potkin Vladimir , Li Wenliang
Published: February 2022

To increase the in vivo stability of cationic gene carriers and avoid the adverse effects of their positive charge, we synthesized a new shielding material by conjugating low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a hyaluronic acid (HA) core. The HA-PEG conjugate assembled with the positively charged complex, forming a protective layer through electrostatic interactions. DNA/polyetherimide/HA-PEG (DNA/PEI/HA-PEG) nanoparticles had higher stability than both DNA/polyethyleneimine (DNA/PEI) and DNA/PEI/HA complexes. Furthermore, DNA/PEI/HA-PEG nanoparticles also showed a diminished nonspecific response toward serum proteins in vivo. The in vivo transfection efficiency was also enhanced by the low cytotoxicity and the improved stability; therefore, this material might be promising for use in gene delivery applications.
Combined growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 rescues growth retardation in glucocorticoid-treated mdxmice but does not prevent osteopenia
Authors: Wood Claire L , van ‘t Hof Rob , Dillon Scott , Straub Volker , Wong Sze C , Ahmed S Faisal , Farquharson Colin
Published: February 2022

Short stature and osteoporosis are common in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and its pathophysiology may include an abnormality of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis, which is further exacerbated by long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Hence, an agent that has anabolic properties and may improve linear growth would be beneficial in this setting and therefore requires further exploration. A 5-week-old x-linked muscular dystrophy (mdx) mice were used as a model of DMD. They were treated with prednisolone ± GH + IGF-1 for 4 weeks and then compared to control mdx mice to allow the study of both growth and skeletal structure. GC reduced cortical bone area, bone fraction, tissue area and volume and cortical bone volume, as assessed by micro computed tomography (CT) In addition, GC caused somatic and skeletal growth retardation but improved grip strength. The addition of GH + IGF-1 therapy rescued the somatic growth retardation and induced additional improvements in grip strength (16.9% increase, P  < 0.05 compared to control). There was no improvement in bone microarchitecture (assessed by micro-CT and static histomorphometry) or biomechanical properties (assessed by three-point bending). Serum bone turnover markers (Serum procollagen 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), alpha C-terminal telopeptide (αCTX)) also remained unaffected. Further work is needed to maximise these gains before proceeding to clinical trials in boys with DMD.
Altered endometrial oestrogen-responsiveness and recurrent reproductive failure
Authors: Al-Lamee Hannan , Ellison Amy , Drury Josephine , Hill Christopher J , Drakeley Andrew J , Hapangama Dharani K , Tempest Nicola
Published: February 2022

Graphical abstract

Recurrent reproductive failure (RRF) encompasses recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). These highly prevalent, distressing conditions have many unanswered questions regarding aetiology and management. Oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the predominant oestrogen receptor expressed in the vascular endothelium of the endometrium during the window of implantation (WOI). The establishment of normal endometrial receptivity is integrally associated with progesterone receptor (PR). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether women with RRF have clinical, type-specific endometrial aberrations of ERβ, PR and Ki-67 expression during the WOI. Thirty-eight endometrial biopsies were collected; 29 RRF (10 RIF, 9 recurrent loss of early pregnancy (RLEP) and 10 recurrent fetal loss (RFL)) and 9 fertile controls (FC). Within RIF, RLEP and RFL groups, the perivascular compartment showed significantly lower levels of ERβ vs FC (P  = 0.02, P  = 0.03 and P  = 0.01, respectively). Vascular endothelium also displayed significantly lower levels of ERβ within RIF and RFL cohorts vs FC (P  = 0.03 and P  = 0.003). The expression of Ki-67 was significantly lower within vascular endothelium of all RRF; RIF (P  = 0.02), RLEP (P  = 0.02) and RFL (P  <0.01). PR was significantly reduced (P  <0.001) in the perivascular area of women with RIF. These findings provide novel insights into biological correlates of clinical subtypes of RRF. The endometrium of women with RRF display significantly altered levels of ERβ, PR and Ki-67 during the WOI, furthering our understanding of the defective endometrial phenotype of women suffering from RRF, with possible impaired glandular function, angiogenesis and decidualisation.

Lay summary

Recurrent reproductive failure (RRF) refers to a group of devastating conditions with many unanswered questions regarding their causes and treatment options. The lining of the womb, the endometrium, is primed and suitable for successful embryo implantation for a short time during the menstrual cycle; the window of implantation (WOI). Oestrogen is a key hormone that plays an important role in regulating the endometrium and its effects are exerted via two oestrogen receptor subtypes. Oestrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the main oestrogen receptor present during the WOI. Progesterone receptor allows the other main hormone, progesterone, to influence the endometrial activity and Ki-67 reflects the proliferative activity of the cells within the endometrium. We investigated the expression of these markers in endometrial samples collected from women with RRF and proven fertility. We found that the endometrium of women with RRF has significantly lower levels of ERβ and Ki-67 during the WOI, possibly leading to unsuccessful pregnancies.
Lithuanian Education: Effective, Efficient, High Quality and Equitable?
Authors: Želvys Rimantas , Dukynaitė Rita , Stumbrienė Dovilė , Jakaitienė Audronė
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses the problem of educational quality. The definition of quality is very broad; therefore, it is more convenient to use the term “educational effectiveness”. Effectiveness can be measured by choosing quantitative indicators that should reflect the level of student achievement as well as equity. It is also important to measure educational efficiency – the output in relation to the input. The current review presents key findings of research conducted in the domain of educational effectiveness and efficiency. The main conclusion of the research paper is that the currently existing mythology of educational quality should be replaced by evidence-based education policy.
Transdisciplinary Learning: From Transversal Skills to Sustainable Development
Authors: Lavrinoviča Beata
Published: February 2022

The concept of transdisciplinarity has been extensively researched since the 1970s and still does not have one comprehensive definition, as it is considered highly context-dependent. Merging the knowledge synthesized by the scholars of transdisciplinary research, practice, and learning, transdisciplinary learning features have been identified and briefly elaborated on in this article, pointing out the functional and instructional nature of transdisciplinarity in modern education systems. Simultaneously, the article reflects on the connection of transdisciplinarity with the Education for Sustainable Development and transversal skills design, stating the significance of transdisciplinarity in tackling complex and uncertain social and environmental problems. As an approach, it promotes mutual and transformational learning, transcendence, problem-solving and transgression and is reflected in the values of active participation of learners and their orientation towards real-world problem-solving, blending disciplinary knowledge and constructing new knowledge, skills, competencies, and values collaboratively with peers, teachers, and the wider society.
Epilepsija sergančių asmenų emocijų, kognityvinių ir socialinių funkcijų ryšys su demografiniais, klinikiniais ir instrumentinių tyrimų duomenimis
Authors:   , Jasionis Arminas
Published: February 2022

Disertacija siekta įvertinti epilepsija sergančių asmenų kognityvines, socialines kognityvines funkcijas, emocinę būklę ir jų ryšį su demografiniais, klinikiniais ir instrumentinių tyrimų rodikliais. Atliktas retrospektyvinis skerspjūvio tyrimas, kurio metu 111 tiriamųjų (iš jų 81 sirgo epilepsija, 30 buvo sveiki) atliko kognityvinius testus, vertinančius dėmesį, darbinę atmintį, vykdomąsias funkcijas, verbalinį sklandumą, verbalinę ir neverbalinę atmintį, emocijų atpažinimą bei minčių teoriją. Testų rezultatai lyginti tarp epilepsija sergančių ir kontrolinės grupės asmenų, bei tarp skirtingomis epilepsijos formomis sergančių tiriamųjų, ir susieti su demografiniais, klinikiniais ir instrumentinių tyrimų rodikliais. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad epilepsija sergančių asmenų funkcijos yra blogesnės nei kontrolinės grupės asmenų, o tarp skirtingomis epilepsijos formomis sergančių asmenų jos reikšmingai nesiskiria. Sergant epilepsija aukštesnis išsilavinimas ir moteriška lytis susiję su geresnėmis atskiromis kognityvinėmis funkcijomis, o ilgesnė epilepsijos trukmė, dažnesni priepuoliai, didesnis vartojamų vaistų nuo epilepsijos skaičius, aukštesnis depresijos lygis ir radiologiniai pakitimai – su blogesnėmis. Be to, geresni socialinių kognityvinių funkcijų rezultatai yra susiję su gyvenimo kokybės rodikliais. Tyrimo rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad geresnes socialinės kognityvinės funkcijas įgiję epilepsija sergantys asmenys įgyja aukštesnį išsilavinimą, o įsidarbinimo ir šeimos sukūrimo galimybės su socialinėmis kognityvinėmis funkcijomis nėra susijusios.
NEW RECORDS FOR THE NEOTROPICAL ANOMALONINAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) IN SOUTH AMERICA
Authors: De Oliveira Araujo Rodrigo , Alvarado Mabel , Rodrigues Fernandes Daniell , Mazariegos Luis
Published: February 2022

We report for the first time the genera Aphanistes and Habronyx in Colombia, Castrosion and Ophiopterus in Peru, and Anomalon in Trinidad and Tobago. Besides, we provide the first record of Anomalon fuscipes in Brazil, A. sinuatum in Trinidad and Tobago, and A. ugaldei in Peru.
ABEJAS EN SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS: REVISIÓN DE LA DIVERSIDAD TAXONÓMICA Y FUNCIONAL, Y PERSPECTIVAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN
Authors: MORALES-ALBA Andrés F. , CARVAJAL-COGOLLO Juan E. , Morales Castaño Irina Tatiana
Published: February 2022

Las abejas son insectos de gran importancia ecológica ya que son responsables de procesos como la polinización en ambientes naturales y agrícolas, contribuyendo a la salud y resiliencia de los ecosistemas. Se hizo una revisión para abordar las dimensiones taxonómica y funcional de la diversidad de abejas en cultivos de palma, papa, café, granadilla, gulupa y maracuyá. Se realizó la búsqueda de información en bases de datos usando palabras claves y operadores boléanos. Se construyeron curvas análogas a las de acumulación de especies y se realizó un análisis de complementariedad, para evaluar la diversidad taxonómica. Se utilizó un análisis de conglomerados para identificar tipos funcionales y se evaluó la riqueza funcional de cada cultivo. Se encontraron 19 publicaciones de abejas asociadas a cultivos, con registros de 116 especies. El cultivo de palma presentó la mayor riqueza con 48 especies, seguido de papa (44) y café (41). Se identificaron 11 tipos funcionales, donde el más representativo fue el de abejas con corbícula, eusociales, que anidan en cualquier cavidad (ScEuCc). La riqueza funcional fue mayor en el café (3,33), seguido de papa (2,83) y gulupa (2,00). La alta diversidad de abejas en agroecosistemas parece estar relacionada con la cercanía de cada cultivo a fragmentos de bosque, de acuerdo a las publicaciones analizadas. Los agroecosistemas podrían ofrecer un recurso alternativo a las abejas al permitirles combatir la disminución de sus hábitats, por lo que sugerimos ampliar las investigaciones de los beneficios de los cultivos agrícolas sobre las abejas y viceversa.
Women in Research in Economics in Uruguay
Authors: Amarante Verónica , Bucheli Marisa , Moraes María Inés , Pérez Tatiana
Published: February 2022

We analyse gender gaps in published works on economics in Uruguay. First of all, we describe the evolution of the professional context and female participation in the discipline. We then provide an empirical analysis of the research output based on two databases: one containing working papers and technical documents and the other including articles published in journals. The main results are: a) men produce more published articles than women but there is no gender gap in working papers; b) women and men are unevenly represented throughout different fields; c) collaboration with non-local authors is more likely among men than women; d) non-local co-authorship is strongly associated with the gender gap in journal articles production.
Conductas de riesgo para la salud en adolescentes escolarizados del municipio de Tabio, Colombia
Authors: Paredes Iragorri Maria Cecilia , Tovar Añez María Belén , Pinzón Flórez Carlos Eduardo , Delgado García Karem Johanna , Celemín Alvarez Silvia Natalia , Becerra Uribe Natalia , Soto Orduz Natalia
Published: February 2022

Objetivos Identificar los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud y describir su relación con las características sociodemográficas en los adolescentes de un colegio del municipio de Tabio, provincia de Sabana Centro, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
Metodología Estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal en población adolescente escolar de 14 a 19 años, durante el año 2018, elegidos por medio de muestreo por conveniencia. Se obtuvo información mediante el cuestionario en español de la herramienta RAAPS (Rapid Assessment for Adolescent Preventive Services), que evaluó los comportamientos de riesgo, previa firma de consentimiento y asentimiento informado. Se realizó análisis estadístico en el programa STATA versión 14.0.
Resultados Se incluyó una muestra de 217 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 15,8 años (53% mujeres y 47% hombres). La mayoría de zona rural y estrato 2. Dentro de los comportamientos de riesgo detectados se destacan la falta de uso de cinturón de seguridad y casco en casi la mitad de los participantes, síntomas de tristeza en 37,3% (que afecta más a las mujeres), consumo de alcohol en el 45,2% y actividad sexual en el 30,9% (son más frecuentes en el grupo de 17 a 19 años y en el sexo masculino).
Conclusión Los hallazgos confirman la presencia de comportamientos de riesgo para la salud en los adolescentes de la población estudiada, que deben ser intervenidos a través de estrategias preventivas efectivas y que alertan sobre la necesidad de implementar un sistema periódico de vigilancia.
Indivíduo, história e responsabilidade
Authors: Martinho Francisco Carlos Palomanes
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo pretende realizar uma reflexão a respeito do papel do indivíduo na História problematizando as diversas interpretações a esse respeito no campo historiográfico: dos Annales, passando pelo marxismo e os estudos biográficos. Ao mesmo tempo, a questão do indivíduo será refletida tomando como referência suas ações concretas no espaço e no tempo históricos.
Association of fluoroquinolone resistance and ESBL production in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 and ST893 in Iran
Authors: Talebzadeh Hamid , Mellali Hamid , Solgi Hamid
Published: February 2022

The spread of multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae is a serious threat to the public health. In this study, the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance and virulence determinants among ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates was investigated. A total of 50 third-generation cephalosporin resistant K. pneumoniae strains were collected from patients’ clinical cultures between September 1st, 2019 and February 30th, 2020. Clonal relatedness of clinical isolates was determined by multilocus sequence typing. All 50 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carried at least one of the ESBL resistance determinants. The bla
CTX-M-15 gene was the major ESBL determinant found in K. pneumoniae (88%), followed by bla
SHV (86%) and bla
TEM (78%). PMQR was detected in 96% of the isolates and aac(6′)-Ib-cr was the most common (78%) as well as multiple mutations in gyrA (S83I, D87G) and parC (S80I) were found. Selected isolates were assigned to seven sequence types (STs) (ST11, ST893, ST147, ST16, ST377, ST13, and ST392). Overall, hypervirulent phenotypes were identiﬁed in 26 (52%) of the isolates. Among the 50 isolates, 28 (56%) were positive for ybt, 23 (46%) for rmpA, 17 (34%) for iroB, 15 (30%) for magA, 4 (8%) for alls and 3 (6%) for iucA genes. The K1 capsular type was the most prevalent (11/50; 22%) among isolates. The emergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp) ST11 and ST893, which co-carried ESBL, PMQR determinants and different virulence genes has become a threat to the treatment of inpatients in the clinical setting.
Characteristics in the whole-genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 from Turkey
Authors: Turumtay Halbay , Allam Mushal , Sandalli Aytül , Turumtay EMİNE AKYÜZ , Genç Hacer , Sandalli Cemal
Published: February 2022

The study aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance determinants in a carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). K. pneumoniae was isolated from a urine sample and it was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing in Turkey. This strain was named as Kpn Rize-53-TR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for seventeen antibiotics by VITEK-2 and the result was confirmed by MIC. The whole genome of isolate was sequenced by Illumina and was analysed by bioinformatic tools for MLST, replicon types, and antimicrobial resistance genes. The whole genome data was submitted to NCBI. The isolate was found to be resistant to all tested β-lactam antibiotics and the highest MIC values were found for piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam (≥128). No resistance to colistin and moderate susceptibility to amikacin and tetracycline was observed. The isolate carried 12 resistance genes belonging to 10 resistance classes; ere(A), fosA, oqxB, cmlA1, aac(a)-IIa, bla
KPC-2, bla
TEM-1A, bla
SHV-67, bla
CTX-M-15, bla
OXA-1-2-9. Mutations were detected in gyrA (83Y) and parC (80I) genes. Clonal subtype of the isolate was ST147, and it had wzi420 and wzc38 alleles. Its serotype was O3/O3a. The bla
KPC-2 was firstly found in both ST147 clonal group in Turkey and in serotype O3/O3a in the world. By plasmid replicon typing, five plasmids IncFII(K), Col(BS512), IncR, IncFIA(HI1) and IncFIB(pQil) were determined in Kpn Rize-53-TR and bla
KPC-2 was located on IncFII(K) plasmid. The presence of bla
KPC-2 on the plasmid with other resistance genes accelerates its own spread together with other resistance genes.
Ewolucja nierówności dochodowych i majątkowych w Indiach w latach 1951–2019
Authors:   dr, Katedra Ekonomii Rozwoju, Instytut Ekonomii, Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska, Zaremba Michał
Published: February 2022

An increasing amount of research and available data shows a clear increase in the level of inequality in worldwide terms over the past 30–40 years. In this context, India is a unique case due to the enormous ethnic and linguistic diversity and specific social institutions that have arisen over the centuries. The study is divided into three parts. The first one presents the problem of the inequalities in the contemporary world and their relationship with the processes of economic growth. The second part is devoted to an analysis of the inequalities in India in the years 1951–1989, and the third part is an analysis of this problem since 1990. The article ends with a conclusion, which briefly presents the analyses that were carried out. The study mainly uses historical analyses based on domestic and foreign literature, as well as an analysis of the existing data. According to the analyses studied, the shares of individual percentiles in income and wealth remained relatively constant throughout the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, with shares in the upper strata decreasing slightly over that time. In fact, there was an actual petrification of traditional structures and inequalities. These circumstances changed in the mid-1980s and accelerated significantly in the early 1990s along with liberal reforms based on the Washington consensus. As a result, the level of inequality has increased significantly over the past 30 years. This means that despite more than 70 years of economic reform, it was ultimately impossible to build a strong, egalitarian society. In the long run, this may lead not so much to the consolidation of the democratic system as to the emergence of a plutocracy in place of democracy, and New Delhi’s superpower ambitions will remain within the sphere of theories and plans.
Oddziaływanie cyberświata na kondycję jednostki i społeczeństw
Authors:   prof. dr hab. n. med., Zakład Biologii Medycznej, Narodowy Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Horbaczewskiego w Tarnopolu, Ukraina, Fedoniuk Larysa , Leśniak-Moczuk Arkadiusz D. ,   mgr, Wydział Prawa, Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska
Published: February 2022

The rapid pace of the development of digital media and information and communication technologies has contributed to the entanglement of individuals in a new reality with virtual properties. In cyberspace, individuals are integrated using new forms of social communication. This creates a new type of information society. The aim of the article is an attempt to examine the issue of the impact of the latest technological achievements in the sphere of carriers and information exchange concerning the functioning of an individual in the network society resulting in the transformation of societies. The arguments presented in the article allowed for the verification of the thesis that the manifestations of the functioning of an individual at the interface between the real and virtual world contribute to changes in society, which accelerate the implementation of artificial intelligence. To verify the thesis, the method of critical analysis of sources was used, in the form of available literature on the subject, published both in the form of a publication and posted on the Internet. Separate from physical space, a technologically new form of space has been created in the form of a cyberworld. Augmented reality is at the interface between the real and virtual worlds. The fields of the internet user's functioning are expanding in many spheres of life. This involves both benefits and a number of threats to the individual, but also changes in the characteristics of society are inevitable. Beyond the horizon of these changes artificial intelligence is looming, it is being used in ever more new areas of human existence, carrying unpredictable consequences at the present stage of civilization’s progress. The current pace of the development of artificial intelligence will lead to an avalanche of changes with unpredictable consequences, when it exceeds the intellectual potential of man and begins to improve itself.
Nowoczesny plan rozwoju gospodarczo-społecznego II Rzeczypospolitej – Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy (COP)
Authors:   prof. dr hab., Instytut Historii, Zakład Historii XIX–XX w., Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach, Polska, Chyra-Rolicz Zofia
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses our attention on the plan for the Central Industrial Region (COP) for the economic and social activity of the undeveloped rural South-East regions of the II Republic of Poland, it was extremely innovative for its time. COP was initialized with joint industrial development, urbanization and the establishment of many new enterprises of military industry, which have brought about improved chances for a better life and civilized progress for the inhabitants of the region. It was a good example of a planned economy, and served to strengthen the state, alleviating poverty and social conflicts, presenting chances for the aspirations of citizens. It integrated various partners: state and local administration, state and private enterprises, co-operatives. The role of the co-operatives (mainly consumer, agricultural trade, housing, banking) in this plan, are less well-known, but nevertheless it is worth noting the many good examples demonstrated by these units. The paper is based on a historical analysis of the literature, scientific workshops and contemporary co-operative journalism. COP was a good example of the policy of state interventionism. The realization of this project was interrupted during the Second World War. The Nazi occupiers used the industrial base to achieve their military goals. Even in these circumstances, the co-operative’s network was developed, serving the everyday needs of Polish society and forming a basis for a Resistance Movement. The project had a precursory character, thereby allowing sufficient scope for the development of the social economy (today known as the social market economy), acting to preserve the various needs of the environment, what is specified today as its goals. After the war, industrial development was continued in the form of a socialist centrally planned economy, in the new area of the People’s Republic of Poland.
Evaluation of Anti-Aflatoxin M1 effects of heat-killed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Brazilian commercial yogurts
Authors: Pires Rogério C. , Portinari Marina R. P. , Moraes Giulia Z. , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi , Gonçalves Bruna L. , Rosim Roice E. , Oliveira Carlos A. F. , Corassin Carlos H.
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to assess the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in 72 samples of yogurt from eight processing plants in São Paulo, Brazil, and the ability of heat-killed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1010 yeast cells/g) to reduce AFM1 (0.5 µg/kg) in experimental yogurts (n = 3). Analyses were conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Only seven samples (9.8%) had AFM1 at a mean level of 0.071 ± 0.08 µg/kg. S. cerevisiae efficiently reduced (P < 0.05) the AFM1 levels in spiked yogurts, with a maximum reduction of 46% after 30 days of storage. Further studies should investigate potential effects of S. cerevisiae on the sensory properties of yogurts.