bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of the endometrium from Chinese Erhualian sows that differ in calcium ion concentration and litter size
Authors: Ma X. , Li P. , Zhang Q. , He L. , Su G. , Huang Y. , Lu Z. , Hu W. , Ding H. , Huang R.
Published: May 2019

Embryonic survival rate, an important factor in the fecundity of sows, is affected by endometrium‐secreting histotroph. A higher concentration of calcium ion has been observed in the uterus of highly prolific Erhualian sows (EH) compared with those of less prolific (EL) sows. This suggests that EH sows have better establishment and maintenance of pregnancies, thus increasing embryonic survival rate during the peri‐implantation period. To understand the mechanisms of how the endometrium‐secreting histotroph affects embryonic survival rate during the Erhualian peri‐implantation period, the expression patterns of endometrial mRNA in the EH and EL sows on day 12 of gestation were analyzed using RNA sequencing technology. A total of 164 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (Padj < 0.05, |log2(FC)| ≥ 1), including 46 upregulated and 118 downregulated genes in EH compared to EL. Gene Ontology enrichment indicated that a subset of DEGs was involved in calcium ion binding and cell adhesion. Solute carrier family 8 member A3 and solute carrier family 24 member 4, identified as upregulated genes (Padj < 0.05) in EH, were considered key candidate genes expressed in the endometrium affecting embryonic survival rate during the peri‐implantation period. The results improve understanding of the genetic mechanism underlying the variation in litter size of Erhualian pigs during the peri‐implantation period.
Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care
Authors: Breiteneder Heimo , Diamant Zuzana , Eiwegger Thomas , Fokkens Wytske J. , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia , Nadeau Kari , O’Hehir Robyn E. , O’Mahony Liam , Pfaar Oliver , Torres Maria J. , Wang De Yun , Zhang Luo , Akdis Cezmi A.
Published: May 2019

The specialties of allergy and clinical immunology have entered the era of precision medicine with the stratification of diseases into distinct disease subsets, specific diagnoses, and targeted treatment options, including biologicals and small molecules. This article reviews recent developments in research and patient care and future trends in the discipline. The section on basic mechanisms of allergic diseases summarizes the current status and defines research needs in structural biology, type 2 inflammation, immune tolerance, neuroimmune mechanisms, role of the microbiome and diet, environmental factors, and respiratory viral infections. In the section on diagnostic challenges, clinical trials, precision medicine and immune monitoring of allergic diseases, asthma, allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, and new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of drug hypersensitivity reactions are discussed in further detail. In the third section, unmet needs and future research areas for the treatment of allergic diseases are highlighted with topics on food allergy, biologics, small molecules, and novel therapeutic concepts in allergen‐specific immunotherapy for airway disease. Unknowns and future research needs are discussed at the end of each subsection.
Chronic adult‐onset of growth hormone/IGF‐I hypersecretion improves cognitive functions and LTP and promotes neuronal differentiation in adult rats
Authors: Martín‐Rodríguez Juan Francisco , Ramos‐Herrero Víctor Darío , Parras Gloria G. , Flores‐Martínez Álvaro , Madrazo‐Atutxa Ainara , Cano David A. , Gruart Agnès , Delgado‐García José María , Leal‐Cerro Alfonso , Leal‐Campanario Rocío
Published: May 2019

Aim

Besides their metabolic and endocrine functions, the growth hormone (GH) and its mediated factor, the insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), have been implicated in different brain functions, including neurogenesis. Long‐lasting elevated GH and IGF‐I levels result in non‐reversible somatic, endocrine and metabolic morbidities. However, the subcutaneous implantation of the GH‐secreting (GH‐S) GC cell line in rats leads to the controllable over‐secretion of GH and elevated IGF‐I levels, allowing the experimental study of their short‐term effects on brain functions.

Methods

Adult rats were implanted with GC cells and checked 10 weeks later, when a GH/IGF‐I‐secreting tumour was already formed.

Results

Tumour‐bearing rats acquired different operant conditioning tasks faster and better than controls and tumour‐resected groups. They also presented better retentions of long‐term memories in the passive avoidance test. Experimentally evoked long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus was also larger and longer lasting in the tumour bearing than in the other groups. Chronic adult‐onset of GH/IGF‐I hypersecretion caused an acceleration of early progenitors, facilitating a faster neural differentiation, maturation and integration in the dentate gyrus, and increased the complexity of dendritic arbours and spine density of granule neurons.

Conclusion

Thus, adult‐onset hypersecretion of GH/IGF‐I improves neurocognitive functions, long‐term memories, experimental LTP and neural differentiation, migration and maturation.
Business ethics in the broiler industry
Authors: Beets S. Douglas
Published: May 2019

The chicken meat, or broiler, business in the United States is a vertically integrated industry in which integrator corporations control all aspects of the business. Primarily through a series of business acquisitions, an industry duopoly has evolved. The two dominant integrator corporations, Pilgrim's Pride and Tyson Foods, are profitable, and their officers and stockholders benefit from the corporations’ financial success. The multitude of local growers who nurture the chickens to maturity for the integrators, however, benefit minimally from the financial success of the integrators, as the growers face a myriad of financial, environmental, community, and health problems. Many growers have difficulty in extracting themselves from an occupation that requires their initial, personal expenditure, or debt of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Additionally, many who live in regions or states of broiler growing facilities suffer from gases emitted by these facilities and correspondingly lower property values. Several demographic, economic, education, health, and quality of life metrics were analyzed for the 50 U.S. states to provide insights regarding the ethics of the broiler industry and why some states produce significantly more broilers than others.
Pharmacokinetic and haemodynamic interactions between amlodipine and losartan in human beings
Authors: Park Jin‐Woo , Kim Kyoung‐Ah , Il Kim Yong , Park Ji‐Young
Published: May 2019

The combination of calcium channel blockers (CCB) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) for the treatment of hypertension showed improved efficacy and safety. Amlodipine is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, whereas losartan is metabolized by CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. The potential pharmacokinetic interactions between amlodipine and losartan were assessed. An open‐label, three‐period, fixed‐sequence trial was conducted. Amlodipine, losartan and combined amlodipine and losartan were administered to 24 healthy male participants during periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, for 9 days each. The pharmacokinetics of amlodipine, losartan and EXP‐3174, an active metabolite of losartan, were assessed at steady‐state. Twenty participants completed the study without serious adverse events. Losartan did not influence the exposure of amlodipine at steady‐state (AUCτ, 165.15 ng h/mL [amlodipine alone] vs 172.36 ng h/mL [combination], P = 0.389) [geometric mean ratio (GMR) (90% confidence interval [CI]), 1.060 (0.954‐1.178)]. In addition, the exposure of EXP‐3174 was not affected by amlodipine (AUCτ, 1159.46 ng h/mL vs 1105.10 ng h/mL, P = 0.295) (GMR [90% CI], 0.957 [0.891‐1.027]). However, amlodipine significantly decreased the exposure of losartan at steady‐state (AUCτ, 1241.50 ng h/mL vs 1082.02 ng h/mL, P = 0.006) (GMR [90% CI], 0.875 [0.813‐0.942]) and increased oral clearance of losartan (84.65 L/h vs 97.26 L/h, P = 0.002). Combination use of two drugs caused additive haemodynamic changes compared to treatment of amlodipine or losartan alone. The co‐administration of amlodipine and losartan was tolerable and did not cause substantial pharmacokinetic interaction, even though losartan disposition was affected. Combination use of the two drugs caused additive haemodynamic changes compared to monotherapy of amlodipine or losartan.
Examining the psychological well‐being of refugee children and the role of friendship and bullying
Authors: Samara Muthanna , El Asam Aiman , Khadaroo Ameerah , Hammuda Sara
Published: May 2019

Background

Refugee children might have experienced violent and traumatic events before settling into a new country. In the United Kingdom, the number of refugee children is increasing; however, little is known about their psycho‐social and physical well‐being.

Aim

This study aims to investigate the psychological well‐being and behaviour of refugee children compared to British‐born children on a number of psychological, social, behavioural, and health‐related issues and to investigate the role of friendship as a protective factor.

Samples

This study utilized a sample of 149 refugee children recruited from two charities, 79 of which are children aged 6–10 years and 70 older refugee children aged 11–16 years. The study also included 120 non‐refugee children recruited from primary schools aged 6–10 years.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study that investigates the psycho‐social well‐being of refugee children compared to non‐refugee British‐born children. The study explored symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, emotional and behavioural problems (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), self‐esteem, friendships and popularity, bullying and victimization, physical health, and psychosomatic problems.

Results

Young refugee children reported more peer problems, functional impairment, physical health, and psychosomatic problems compared to the control children and older refugee children groups. On the other hand, older refugee children had lower self‐esteem (academic and social self‐peers) compared to the younger refugee children group. The differences between the groups were explained by friendship quality, number of friends, peer bullying/victimization, or sibling bullying/victimization except for physical health and psychosomatic problems.

Conclusions

While refugee children were found to be at risk on various levels, the findings also point to the fact that social relationships including friendship quality and number of friends played an essential protective role. Conversely, bullying was a risk factor that explained many of the refugees’ problems. These findings pave the way for future research to further probe into the well‐being of refugee children in the United Kingdom while also targeting relevant intervention schemes specifically tailored to address their needs.
Learning to see the familiar: Technological assemblages in a higher education (non)classroom setting
Authors: Bell Adam , Taylor Katie Headrick , Riesland Erin , Hays Maria
Published: May 2019

If an objective of public higher education is to engage with a diversity of communities, then coursework should be less insulated within classrooms. This work describes and analyzes a university course design that supports undergraduate students to experience learning as relational and transformational via Site Visits within various communities. We focus on “technological assemblages” as a way to understand students’ reorientation to the process and purpose of learning (and teaching). We analyze experiences within the course as momentsof disorientation, reassembly and stabilizationin which students use their mobile devices, bodies and interactions‐in‐place to understand familiar locations as socially and historically contingent sites of learning (and teaching). We argue that this instructional model does important work of putting students at the nexus of building relationships between the university and other community settings around the city.
Androgen receptor (AR) splice variant 7 and full‐length AR expression is associated with clinical outcome: a translational study in patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Del Re Marzia , Crucitta Stefania , Sbrana Andrea , Rofi Eleonora , Paolieri Federico , Gianfilippo Giulia , Galli Luca , Falcone Alfredo , Morganti Riccardo , Porta Camillo , Efstathiou Eleni , van Schaik Ron , Jenster Guido , Danesi Romano
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To investigate if full‐length androgen receptor (AR‐FL) is associated with resistance to androgen receptor (AR)‐directed therapy independently and/or combined with AR splice variant 7 (AR‐V7).

Patients and Methods

Plasma samples were prospectively collected from 73 patients with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer before first‐ or second‐line AR‐directed therapy. mRNA was isolated from exosomes and AR‐FL and AR‐V7 were analysed by droplet digital PCR.

Results

AR‐FL was detected in all patients and 22% of them were AR‐V7‐positive at baseline. AR‐FL expression was significantly higher in AR‐V7‐positive vs AR‐V7‐negative patients (P < 0.0001). After stratifying patients by tertile for AR‐FL expression, progression‐free survival (PFS) was 22 vs 18 vs 4 months for lower vs intermediate vs higher tertile, respectively (P = 0.0003). The median PFS and overall survival were significantly longer in AR‐V7‐negative vs AR‐V7‐positive patients (20 vs 4 months, P < 0.0001; not reached vs 9 months, P < 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

Resistance to AR‐directed therapy was associated with the presence of AR‐V7; however, AR‐FL expression may help better refine response and survival of patients to AR‐directed therapy. Both biomarkers, if validated in prospective trials, could be used to select the best treatment strategy.
Forest fragmentation in China and its effect on biodiversity
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Coomes David A. , Gibson Luke , Hu Guang , Liu Jinliang , Luo Yangqing , Wu Chuping , Yu Mingjian
Published: May 2019

Land‐use change is fragmenting natural ecosystems, with major consequences for biodiversity. This paper reviews fragmentation trends – historical and current – in China, the fourth largest country on Earth, and explores its consequences. Remote sensing makes it possible to track land‐use change at a global scale and monitor fragmentation of dwindling natural landscapes. Yet few studies have linked fragmentation mapped remotely with impacts on biodiversity within human‐modified landscapes. Recent reforestation programs have caused substantial increases in forest cover but have not stopped fragmentation, because the new forests are mostly monocultures that further fragment China's remnant old‐growth lowland forests that harbour the highest levels of biodiversity. Fragmentation – and associated biodiversity declines – is unevenly distributed in China's forests, being most problematic where agricultural expansion is occurring in the southwest and northeast, serious in the densely populated eastern regions where urbanisation and transport infrastructure are modifying landscapes, but less of a problem in other regions. Analyses of temporal trends show that the drivers of forest fragmentation are shifting from mainly agricultural expansion to urbanisation and infrastructure development. Most of China's old‐growth forests persist in small, isolated fragments from which many native species have disappeared, on land unsuitable for human utilisation. Fragmentation throughout China is likely to have major consequences on biodiversity conservation, but few studies have considered these large‐scale processes at the national level. Our review fills this research gap and puts forward a systematic perspective relevant to China and beyond.
Transforming growth factor beta in human milk and allergic outcomes in children: A systematic review
Authors: Khaleva Ekaterina , Gridneva Zoya , Geddes Donna T. , Oddy Wendy H. , Colicino Silvia , Blyuss Oleg , Boyle Robert J. , Warner John O. , Munblit Daniel
Published: May 2019

Background

Human milk (HM) transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is critical for inflammation regulation and oral tolerance promotion. Previous reports suggested that variations in HM TGF‐β levels are associated with allergic outcomes.

Objective

We undertook a systematic review (PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017069920) to reassess the evidence on the relationships between HM TGF‐β and allergic outcomes in children.

Methods

Electronic bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched. Two independent reviewers screened reference lists, extracted the data and assessed risk of bias using the National Institute for Clinical Excellence methodological checklist.

Results

A total of 21 studies were identified. Sixteen studies assessed relationships between HM TGF‐β and risk of eczema; 14, allergic sensitization; nine, wheezing/asthma; six, food allergy; three, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis. Five cohorts (5/18, 28%) reported a protective effect of TGF‐β1, while 3 (3/10, 30%) suggested increased risk of allergic outcomes development and 1 (1/10, 10%), a protective effect of TGF‐β2 on eczema. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to significant heterogeneity in methodology, age of outcome assessment and differing statistical approaches. 71% (15/21) of studies carried a high risk of bias.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

In contrast with previous findings, we did not find strong evidence of associations between HM TGF‐β and allergic outcomes. Differences in studies' methodology and outcomes do not allow unconditional rejection or acceptance of the hypothesis that HM TGF‐β influences the risk of allergy development. Future studies on diverse populations employing standardized methods, accurate phenotyping of outcomes and evaluation of the effect of TGF‐β in combination with other HM immune markers, microbiome and oligosaccharides are required.
Disrupted regulation of serpinB9 in circulating T cells is associated with an increased risk for post-transplant skin cancer
Authors: Peters F S , Peeters A M A , van den Bosch T P P , Mooyaart A L , van de Wetering J , Betjes M G H , Baan C C , Boer K
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a serious complication after organ transplantation and patients benefit from an early risk assessment. We hypothesized that functional differences in circulating T cells may represent risk factors for post-transplant cSCC development. Here, we analysed genome-wide DNA methylation of circulating T cells of kidney transplant recipients before the clinical onset of cSCC, to identify differences associated with post-transplant cSCC development. This analysis identified higher DNA methylation of SERPINB9, which is an intracellular inhibitor of granzyme B, a protein that induces apoptosis in target cells. High DNA methylation of SERPINB9 in circulating T cells was confirmed in a second patient cohort during recurrent cSCC, indicating that high SERPINB9 methylation represents a persistent risk factor for cSCC development. At the functional level, the inverse correlation between DNA methylation and messenger RNA expression present in non-cSCC patients was absent in the cSCC patients. Also, a significant difference in serpinB9 protein expression between cSCC patients and non-cSCC patients was observed. It was concluded that disturbed regulation of serpinB9 in circulating T cells represents a novel risk factor for post-transplant cSCC in kidney transplant recipients.
A novel homozygous splice‐site variant of NCAPD2 gene identified in two siblings with primary microcephaly: The second case report
Authors: Lin Yunting , Zeng Chunhua , Lu Zhikun , Lin Ruizhu , Liu Li
Published: May 2019

Here we describe the second case of primary microcephaly caused by a novel homozygous splice‐site variant at the NCAPD2 gene. The proband was born with microcephaly, and developed intellectual disability. Whole exome sequencing identified a canonical splice‐site variant, c.3477+2T>C, at the NCAPD2 gene. Sanger sequencing showed that the proband and her sibling, a symptomatic fetus, carried a homozygous c.3477+2T>C variant, while the unaffected parents were heterozygous and her younger brother had wild‐type alleles. To date, only one case of primary microcephaly with a homozygous splice‐site pathogenic variant at the NCAPD2 gene has been reported. Our study of two siblings provides additional evidence that NCAPD2 is a causative gene of primary microcephaly. This finding adds new knowledge in the etiology of microcephaly and contributes to more accurate counseling of affected families.
Associations between Students’ Perceptions of the Psychosocial School Environment and Indicators of Subjective Health in Finnish Comprehensive Schools
Authors: Markkanen Ilona , Välimaa Raili , Kannas Lasse
Published: May 2019

The study examined how far students’ perceptions of the psychosocial school environment are associated with self‐rated health, life satisfaction and subjective health complaints. Students’ perceptions were associated with one or more indicators of subjective health. Perceived health was better in direct proportion to positive perceptions. Student relations and school strain were the factors that stood out in both genders, with regard to all the health indicators. School engagement, parental support and educational aspiration were found to be important for overall perceived health of the students. This study indicates the importance of the psychosocial school environment for students’ health.
Impact of single‐incision laparoscopic surgery on postoperative analgesia requirements after total colectomy for ulcerative colitis: a propensity‐matched comparison with multiport laparoscopy
Authors: Famiglietti F. , Wolthuis A. M. , De Coster J. , Vanbrabant K. , D'Hoore A. , de Buck van Overstraeten A.
Published: May 2019

Aim

To compare the requirements for postoperative analgesia in patients with ulcerative colitis after single‐incision versus multiport laparoscopic total colectomy.

Method

All patients undergoing single‐incision or multiport laparoscopic total colectomy as a first stage in the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis between 2010 and 2016 at the University Hospital of Leuven were included. The cumulative dose of postoperative patient‐controlled analgesia was used as the primary end‐point. A Z‐transformation was performed combining values for patient‐controlled epidural analgesia and patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia, resulting in one hybrid outcome variable. The two groups were matched using propensity scores. Subgroup analysis was performed to analyse the impact of extraction site on postoperative pain.

Results

A total of 81 patients underwent total colectomy for ulcerative colitis (median age 35 years). Thirty patients underwent single‐incision laparoscopy, while 51 patients had a multiport approach. The mean normalized patient‐controlled analgesia dose was significantly lower in patients undergoing single‐incision laparoscopy (−0.33 vs 0.46, P < 0.001). This difference was no longer significant in subgroup analysis for patients with stoma site specimen extraction (P = 0.131). The odds of receiving tramadol postoperatively was 3.66 times lower after single‐incision laparoscopy (P = 0.008). The overall morbidity rate was 32.1% (26/81). The mean Comprehensive Complication Index in single‐incision and multiport laparoscopy group was 18.33 and 21.39, respectively (P = 0.506). Hospital stay was significantly shorter after single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (6.3 days vs 7.6 days, P = 0.032).

Conclusion

Single‐incision total colectomy was associated with lower postoperative analgesia requirements and shorter hospital stay, with comparable morbidity. However, the specimen extraction site played a significant role in postoperative pain control.
The Aesthetic Preference for Nature Sounds Depends on Sound Object Recognition
Authors: Van Hedger Stephen C. , Nusbaum Howard C. , Heald Shannon L. M. , Huang Alex , Kotabe Hiroki P. , Berman Marc G.
Published: May 2019

People across the world seek out beautiful sounds in nature, such as a babbling brook or a nightingale song, for positive human experiences. However, it is unclear whether this positive aesthetic response is driven by a preference for the perceptual features typical of nature sounds versus a higher‐order association of nature with beauty. To test these hypotheses, participants provided aesthetic judgments for nature and urban soundscapes that varied on ease of recognition. Results demonstrated that the aesthetic preference for nature soundscapes was eliminated for the sounds hardest to recognize, and moreover the relationship between aesthetic ratings and several measured acoustic features significantly changed as a function of recognition. In a follow‐up experiment, requiring participants to classify these difficult‐to‐identify sounds into nature or urban categories resulted in a robust preference for nature sounds and a relationship between aesthetic ratings and our measured acoustic features that was more typical of easy‐to‐identify sounds. This pattern of results was replicated with computer‐generated artificial noises, which acoustically shared properties with the nature and urban soundscapes but by definition did not come from these environments. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that the recognition of a sound as either natural or urban dynamically organizes the relationship between aesthetic preference and perceptual features and that these preferences are not inherent to the acoustic features. Implications for nature's role in cognitive and affective restoration are discussed.
Converting FENO by different flows to standard flow FENO
Authors: Lassmann‐Klee Paul G. , Lehtimäki Lauri , Lindholm Tuula , Malmberg Leo Pekka , Sovijärvi Anssi R.A. , Piirilä Päivi Liisa
Published: May 2019

In clinical practice, assessment of expiratory nitric oxide (FENO) may reveal eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthmatic and other pulmonary diseases. Currently, measuring of FENO is standardized to exhaled flow level of 50 ml s−1, since the expiratory flow rate affects the FENO results. To enable the comparison of FENO measured with different expiratory flows, we firstly aimed to establish a conversion model to estimate FENO at the standard flow level, and secondly, validate it in five external populations. FENO measurements were obtained from 30 volunteers (mixed adult population) at the following multiple expiratory flow rates: 50, 30, 100 and 300 ml s−1, after different mouthwash settings, and a conversion model was developed. We tested the conversion model in five populations: healthy adults, healthy children, and patients with COPD, asthma and alveolitis. FENO conversions in the mixed adult population, in healthy adults and in children, showed the lowest deviation between estimated from 100 ml s−1 and measured FENO at 50 mL s−1: −0·28 ppb, −0·44 ppb and 0·27 ppb, respectively. In patients with COPD, asthma and alveolitis, the deviation was −1·16 ppb, −1·68 ppb and 1·47 ppb, respectively. We proposed a valid model to convert FENO in healthy or mixed populations, as well as in subjects with obstructive pulmonary diseases and found it suitable for converting FENO measured with different expiratory flows to the standard flow in large epidemiological data, but not on individual level. In conclusion, a model to convert FENO from different flows to the standard flow was established and validated.
Downregulation of the histone methyltransferase SETD2 promotes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells
Authors: Sheng Yaru , Ji Zhongzhong , Zhao Huifang , Wang Jinming , Cheng Chaping , Xu Weimin , Wang Xue , He Yuman , Liu Kaiyuan , Li Li , Voeltzel Thibault , Maguer‐Satta Veronique , Gao Wei‐Qiang , Zhu Helen He
Published: May 2019

Objectives

Epigenetic modifiers were important players in the development of haematological malignancies and sensitivity to therapy. Mutations of SET domain‐containing 2 (SETD2), a methyltransferase that catalyses the trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine 36 (H3K36me3), were found in various myeloid malignancies. However, the detailed mechanisms through which SETD2 confers chronic myeloid leukaemia progression and resistance to therapy targeting on BCR‐ABL remain unclear.

Materials and methods

The level of SETD2 in imatinib‐sensitive and imatinib‐resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells was examined by immunoblotting and quantitative real‐time PCR. We analysed CD34+CD38− leukaemic stem cells by flow cytometry and colony formation assays upon SETD2 knockdown or overexpression. The impact of SETD2 expression alterations or small‐molecule inhibitor JIB‐04 targeting H3K36me3 loss on imatinib sensitivity was assessed by IC50, cell apoptosis and proliferation assays. Finally, RNA sequencing and ChIP‐quantitative PCR were performed to verify putative downstream targets.

Results

SETD2 was found to act as a tumour suppressor in CML. The novel oncogenic targets MYCN and ERG were shown to be the direct downstream targets of SETD2, where their overexpression induced by SETD2 knockdown caused imatinib insensitivity and leukaemic stem cell enrichment in CML cell lines. Treatment with JIB‐04, an inhibitor that restores H3K36me3 levels through blockade of its demethylation, successfully improved the cell imatinib sensitivity and enhanced the chemotherapeutic effect.

Conclusions

Our study not only emphasizes the regulatory mechanism of SETD2 in CML, but also provides promising therapeutic strategies for overcoming the imatinib resistance in patients with CML.
Impact of the Strategic Role of IT on Explorative and Exploitative Innovation Activities: The Role of Environmental Uncertainty
Authors: Wang Yi , Chen Yang , Wang Nianxin , Nevo Saggi , Kou Gang , Alsaadi Fawaz E.
Published: May 2019

While numerous studies have examined the relationship between IT and innovation, comparatively few explore IT's contribution to explorative and exploitative innovation activities. A better understanding of the influence of IT's strategic role on exploration and exploitation innovation is critical for tracing the complex IT–innovation relationship. To address this gap, we develop a theoretical model that describes the contingent relationship between IT's strategic role and explorative and exploitative innovation activities. By testing the model using a multisource, matched sample of data from Chinese firms, we find that the IT roles of automation, information, and transformation differentially influence exploration and exploitation, underscoring IT's multifaceted role in organizational innovation activities. Specifically, IT‐enabled transformation positively affects exploration, and IT‐enabled information positively affects both exploration and exploitation. We also evidence the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty in these relationships by uncovering that IT‐enabled automation is negatively related to exploration, whereas IT‐enabled transformation positively affects both explorative and exploitative innovation activities with high environmental uncertainty. Our article contributes to the knowledge in the field by demonstrating the value of a firm's transformative IT investments to develop explorative and exploitative innovation activities in the presence of environmental uncertainty.
The Impact of Online Review Content and Linguistic Style Matching on New Product Sales: The Moderating Role of Review Helpfulness
Authors: Topaloglu Omer , Dass Mayukh
Published: May 2019

This article investigates the moderating role of review helpfulness on the effects of online review content and linguistic style matching on new product sales. Using data from 105,494 online reviews from a popular website, IMDB.com, following 264 movie releases, the article shows that the impact of review style and content on new product sales is contingent upon review helpfulness. In particular, results suggest that linguistic style matching, positive emotion, and cognitive components of online review content significantly impact new product sales when the reviews are deemed helpful by the readers. These findings collectively suggest that online review research benefits from deeper textual analysis that includes review content and linguistic style compared to traditional methods that rely solely on numerical ratings. Also, review helpfulness plays a critical role in consumer decision‐making considering a rapidly increasing amount of online information is now available to consumers.
Influence of impacted canines on the stress distribution during dental trauma with and without a mouthguard
Authors: Firmiano Tainah C. , Oliveira Maiolino T. F. , de Souza João B. , Soares Carlos J. , Versluis Antheunis , Veríssimo Crisnicaw
Published: May 2019

Background/Aim

Maxillary canines have a high incidence of impaction which may be associated with unexpected damage during maxillofacial trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate how an impacted canine could influence the stress distribution in the dentoalveolar complex during a simulated impact before and after surgical removal plus the protective effect offered by a mouthguard.

Materials and Methods

Cross‐sectional finite element models of the central incisor and support structures of a patient with an impacted canine in a transverse position were made using ImageJ and Marc/Mentat software. The following impact conditions were simulated: (a) incisor with impacted canine; (b) incisor with surgical socket after impacted canine extraction; and (c) incisor after bone healing. The impacts were also simulated with a 3 mm custom‐fitted ethylene vinyl acetate mouthguard. A non‐linear dynamic impact finite element analysis was performed in which a rigid object hit the model at 1 m/s. Maximum and minimum principal stresses as well as von Mises stresses were analyzed.

Results

Higher values of compressive and tensile stresses occurred on the cortical bone in the models after impacted canine extraction. The highest stress concentrations in the enamel and dentin structures were observed after bone healing. The mouthguard reduced the stress in the alveolar bone and dental structures.

Conclusions

Use of mouthguards during impact reduced the compressive and tensile stresses in the alveolar bone, mainly in the fragile regions of the impacted canine or surgical socket.
Changes in the aetiological factors of dental trauma in children over time: An 18‐year retrospective study
Authors: Kırzıoglu Zuhal , Oz Esra
Published: May 2019

Background/Aim

Dental trauma causes significant aesthetic, functional and psychosocial problems that often require emergency attention in children. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the factors related to dental injuries in children. A secondary aim was to better understand how to improve the education given to children, parents and teachers in schools regarding dental trauma.

Materials and methods

Records of children who were referred to the Department of Pedodontics at Suleyman Demirel University were reviewed. A total of 1971 patients with a history of dental trauma who attended the clinic from 1999 to 2017 were evaluated. The following information was recorded: age, gender, year, aetiology, location, season and time elapsed after trauma. Results were evaluated using the Pearson chi‑square test.

Results

The patients’ average age was 8.56 ± 0.08. Dental injuries were frequent in the 7‐ to 12‐year age group (55.9%). Children in the 0‐ to 6‐year age group attended the clinic more frequently during the years 2013 and 2017 compared to previous years. Boys had a higher frequency of trauma than girls (P < 0.05). The most frequent cause of trauma was falls (46%). The accidents occurred predominantly in the street (41.8%). Trauma that took place at home increased in the later years of the study period, whereas the percentage of injuries occurring in schools decreased. The ratio of patients who attended the clinic within the first two days after trauma was 33.4% between 1999 and 2007, and this increased to 59.8% between 2013 and 2017. The majority of the injuries occurred during the summer.

Conclusions

The aetiological factors related to trauma in children, and the number of patients who attended the clinic, have not changed over the 18‐year period but the elapsed time to attend the clinic has changed. Education will increase the awareness regarding the importance of emergency intervention immediately following dental trauma.
More precise phenotyping of cluster headache using prospective attack reports
Authors: Snoer A. H. , Lund N. , Jensen R. H. , Kristoffersen E. S. , Barloese M. , Hansen J. M.
Published: May 2019

Background and purpose

The clinical characteristics of cluster headache (CH) are based mainly on retrospective attack descriptions of ‘usual’ attacks, but whether these reports are reliable is uncertain. The aim was to compare retrospective and prospective attack descriptions and describe the within‐ and between‐patient variability of attacks.

Method

Fifty‐seven CH patients underwent a semi‐structured interview obtaining a retrospective account of usual CH attacks. Patients thereafter prospectively recorded the clinical characteristics of up to 10 attacks per patient in a headache diary. Four different attack characteristics were investigated: (i) severity, (ii) duration, (iii) number of autonomic symptoms and (iv) number of migrainous symptoms. Retrospective and prospective data were compared. Within‐ and between‐patient variability of attacks was assessed.

Results

Retrospective attack descriptions (n = 57) were significantly longer (P = 0.046) and more severe (P < 0.0001) for untreated attacks compared with prospective reports (n = 500). The number of autonomic symptoms was significantly higher in the retrospective reports compared to the prospective reports (P < 0.0001). Within‐patient variability for attack duration, pain severity and number of autonomic and migrainous symptoms was low. Compared to men, more women reported longer (P = 0.026) and more severe (P = 0.028) attacks with more migrainous symptoms (P = 0.033).

Conclusions

Important differences were found between prospectively and retrospectively reported attacks with duration and severity of untreated attacks overestimated in retrospective attack descriptions. CH attacks display low within‐patient variability, but the presentation of CH attacks varies between patients. The high prevalence of symptoms typically associated with migraine should raise more diagnostic awareness for CH, especially in women who are more often misdiagnosed as having migraine.
Observation of plugging behaviour reveals entrance‐guarding schedule of morphologically specialized caste in Colobopsis nipponicus
Authors: Fujioka Haruna , Abe Masato S. , Okada Yasukazu
Published: May 2019

The success of social insects is often attributed to the specialized morphologies and behaviours of workers. One of the most elaborate specializations in ant species is the workers’ plugging behaviour, in which their uniquely shaped heads are used for nest defence. These species generally nest in tree cavities. Without morphologically specialized workers (major workers) plugging the nest entrance, nests are easily attacked and replaced by conspecific and heterospecific cavity‐dwelling ants and other predators. Therefore, major workers are expected to defend the nest at all times. However, empirical evidence on the social time investment for nest defence is still lacking. Here, we investigated how major workers of Colobopsis nipponicus achieve nest defence (plugging behaviour) in terms of their work schedule. Our results showed that the nests had more major workers than entrances. The observation of artificial plastic nests over 6 days in the laboratory revealed that the nest entrance was guarded almost continuously by multiple major workers. The entrance‐guarding schedule was not equally divided among major workers, and there were no clear shift patterns in the timing of changeovers. We highlight the importance of investigating the time investment of workers to fully understand the defence strategies of this morphologically specialized caste.
Scale dependence of sex‐specific movement in a small‐bodied stream fish
Authors: Clark Scott R. , Kreiser Brian R. , Schaefer Jacob F. , Stewart Laura K.
Published: May 2019

Animal movement at localised scales is often modulated by competing pressures such as avoiding predators while acquiring resources and mates. The relative magnitude of these trade‐offs may affect males and females differently, often resulting in sex‐specific differences in movement.

Sex‐biases in movement have been linked to mating systems (e.g. monogamy or polygamy) in birds and mammals; however, this relationship has received less attention among fishes. Using passive integrated transponder tags and a series of stationary antennas, we evaluated the movement dynamics of a small‐bodied, sexually dimorphic stream fish Fundulus olivaceus over a 30‐day period in a fourth‐order tributary to the Pascagoula River in Mississippi (U.S.A.).

We documented dissimilar sex‐specific movement behaviours at different spatial scales that were likely to be facilitated by differential resource demands and competitive pressures. Females exhibited an increased propensity to engage in longer, exploratory moves (>30 m); whereas most males remained active within an established territory, making few long‐distance longitudinal movements.

Local activity levels (proportion of individuals moving) were positively related to density (manipulated during the study), and density was found to affect the magnitude of sex‐specific movement. In contrast to females, males increased local activity and movement distance at the reduced density, presumably to expand territory size or mate‐searching behaviours, suggesting local mate competition may suppress the movement distance of males.

Despite some evidence substantiating a relationship between movement and mating system, our results suggest that the documented sex‐specific differences may be related to traits that co‐evolve with mating systems, rather than the mating system per se. Our findings also highlight the importance of spatial scale when evaluating patterns of sex‐biased movement tendencies.
Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti‐discoloration system, reduce tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Swaaij Bregje W. M. , van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) , Bakker Eric W. P. , Graziani Filippo , Slot Dagmar E.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

To investigate whether chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX‐MW), with an anti‐discoloration system(ADS), is effective in preventing extrinsic tooth surface discoloration. Additionally, this paper seeks to evaluate whether CHX combined with an ADS maintains its efficacy with respect to reducing plaque and gingivitis scores.

Material and methods

MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐Central were searched up to October 2018 to identify eligible studies. Papers evaluating the effect of CHX‐MW+ADS compared to CHX without an ADS were included. A descriptive analysis and when feasible a meta‐analysis was performed.

Results

Screening resulted in 13 eligible publications, presenting 16 comparisons. Six of these evaluated the MW in a non‐brushing model and ten as an adjunct to toothbrushing. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that the majority showed no differences in bleeding, gingivitis and plaque scores. This was confirmed by the meta‐analysis. In non‐brushing experiments, the difference‐of‐means (DiffM) for plaque scores was 0.10 (P = 0.45, 95%CI: [−0.15; 0.34]) and for the gingival index 0.04 (P = 0.15,95%CI: [−0.02; 0.11]). The DiffM in brushing studies for plaque scores was 0.01 (P = 0.29, 95%CI: [−0.01; 0.02]) and for the gingival index 0.00 (P = 0.87,95%CI: [−0.05; 0.06]). With respect to staining scores, the meta‐analysis revealed that in non‐brushing studies, the standardized mean difference was 3.19 (P = 0.0005,95%CI: [−3.98; −1.41]) while in brushing studies, the DiffM was 0.12 (P = 0.95,95%CI: [−3.32; 3.55]).

Conclusion

There is moderate quality evidence from non‐brushing studies that the addition of an ADS to CHX‐MW reduces tooth surface discoloration and does not appear to affect its properties with respect to gingival inflammation and plaque scores. In brushing studies, there is also moderate quality evidence that ADS does not affect the anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis efficacy of CHX. The majority of comparisons and the meta‐analysis including these indicate no significant effect of ADS on tooth staining in situations where the mouthwash is used in addition to toothbrushing.
Acute medical stabilisation of adults with anorexia nervosa: experience of a defined interdisciplinary model of care
Authors: Braude Michael R. , Con Danny , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel , Nandurkar Ruchira , Chua Ling‐Ern , Newnham Evan D.
Published: May 2019

Background

Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are vulnerable to physiological decompensation and often require inpatient management by an eating disorders unit.

Aims

Patients admitted to an Australian tertiary medical centre for medical stabilisation of AN were assessed as part of quality assurance. Analysis included: (i) medical complications during acute inpatient stabilisation; (ii) predictors of refeeding syndrome; (iii) predictors governing length of stay (LOS); and (iv) outcomes pre‐ and post‐implementation of multidisciplinary treatment guidelines.

Methods

A retrosepctive analysis of 95 consecutive admissions (60 individual patients) between November 2011 and August 2017 was performed.

Results

Patients had a median LOS of 9.6 days (interquartile range 5.8–19.7) and a mean weight gain of 1.4 kg (standard deviation 2.9). Medical complications included the following: hypoglycaemia (11.6%) and refeeding electrolyte derangement (26.3%). Advancing age (odds ratio (OR) 1.06 per year, P = 0.019), nasogastric tube requirement (OR 3.4, P = 0.014) and Code Grey(s) (security calls) (OR 7.1, P = 0.010) were associated with refeeding electrolyte derangement. Parameters associated with increased LOS included the following: lower body mass index (P = 0.029), Code Grey(s) (P = 0.029) and tachycardia (P = 0.013). Following multivariate analysis, the post‐guidelines implementation group required less intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement, though had lower rates of refeeding electrolyte derangement (OR 0.33 (0.11–0.99)).

Conclusion

Patients with moderate to severe AN are at risk of dangerous medical complications, and older patients may have heightened predisposition to refeeding electrolyte derangement. Early identification of medically high‐risk patients is imperative to implement timely, life‐saving interventions.