bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resilience in children and young people with intellectual disabilities: a review of literature
Authors: Raghavan Raghu , Griffin Edward
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Building the resilience of children with intellectual disabilities (ChID) can help reduce the personal, social and economic costs associated with mental ill health among such children. The purpose of this paper is to review the research evidence on resilience in ChID and to suggest areas for further research.

Design/methodology/approach

Journal articles published in the last 20 years were searched in on-line databases to find potential papers for this review. The inclusion criteria were to search for published journal articles covering the theme of resilience in ChID and their families. All identified titles and abstracts were screened which resulted in 50 articles. These were scrutinised more thoroughly and 34 remaining articles were selected for review.

Findings

Resilience is a dynamic process involving interactions between various risk and protective processes both internal and external to the individual that act to mediate the influences of adverse life events. Five key themes were identified within the literature which helped to form a picture of the current understanding of resilience among ChID and their careers. These were increased risk factors associated with ID, the role of personal attributes on resilience, family and resilience, schooling and resilience, and cultural factors which enhance resilience.

Originality/value

Despite the consistency with which poor outcomes for ChID have been reported there is little investigation of the specific causes, contributory factors and processes that might improve them. This paper contributes to greater understanding of resilience factors for children and young people with ID and provides areas for further research.
Adherence of clinicians to guidelines for the prescription of antipsychotic drugs to people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Ramerman Lotte , de Kuijper Gerda , Hoekstra Pieter J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Antipsychotic drugs are frequently prescribed to people with intellectual disabilities (ID) to ameliorate psychotic symptoms and behavioural symptoms with and without mental condition. Guidelines recommend systematic evaluation of treatment effects and adverse effects, and limiting the treatment duration. Studies have shown that adherence to prescription guidelines is beneficial for clients’ outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the adherence to antipsychotic drug prescription guidelines in two treatment settings.

Design/methodology/approach

A checklist, based on existing antipsychotic drug prescription guidelines, was used to evaluate the adherence of prescribers to guidelines in two settings in the Netherlands, i.e., in specialized intellectual disability (ID) care organizations and mental health care organizations. Data from medical records of clients who used antipsychotic drugs (n=299) were compared to the items of the checklist.

Findings

Treatment effects were measured with validated scales in both settings in only 2.7 per cent of cases. Prescriptions were for problem behaviour in the absence of a psychotic disorder or psychotic symptoms in 90 per cent (specialized ID care) and in 79 per cent (mental health care) of cases. In specialized ID care pipamperone (31.9 per cent) and in mental health care risperidone (48.5 per cent) was most often prescribed. Adverse effects were monitored more frequently in specialized ID care.

Originality/value

The adherence to guidelines for prescribing antipsychotic drug to people with ID is insufficient in the Netherlands, because of shortcomings in the evaluation of treatment and adverse effects.
The business model and intellectual capital in the value creation of firms
Authors: Ujwary-Gil Anna
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze business model (BM) and intellectual capital (IC) of a firm with a focus on their common elements. The common bases in the field of strategic management for these two concepts are, among others, resource-based view, knowledge-based view, intellectual capital-based view, dynamic capabilities, and configurational approach. It indicates areas in which these two concepts can benefit from each other, e.g. in classification of components, their configuration, or dynamic approach. This general review examines the following research questions: What are the common concepts for the BM and IC? What are their common components? What does the dynamic approach to IC and BM mean?

Design/methodology/approach

The Web of Science™ Core Collection database was selected for the period 1975-2014 and the Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) indexed in Scopus® (Elsevier) was incorporated into the analysis for the period it had been indexed by Scopus (1990-2015). These databases were selected because they offer a reliable overview of historical data regarding journals, articles, and citation impact. The key filter criteria were the presence of the phrases “business model” or “intellectual capital” in the article title, abstract, and key words in order to narrow down the selection to the most appropriate results for the research area.

Findings

This paper investigates two concepts from the point of view of their underpinnings in management, definitions, and components, as well as value creation. Analysis of the foundations in management allows the author to present a cohesive model, which depicts a comprehensive approach to analysis of these two concepts. Many common elements have been identified and investigated.

Originality/value

First, it provides an indication of the common underpinnings of the analyzed concepts within the framework of strategic management and proposals for their development toward resource, knowledge, and IC accumulation, combination and heterogeneity-based views. Second, it presents an analysis of the BM and IC components, showing common elements between them. Third, it provides a description and analysis of dynamic view of BM and IC components in a value creation context.
Directing our own careers, but getting help from empowering leaders
Authors: Kim Minseo , Beehr Terry A.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential effects of empowering leadership on followers’ subjective career success through psychological empowerment, protean career orientation, and career commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

Full-time employees working in the USA were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Participants answered surveys at three separate points over a six-week period (n=261). Structural equation modeling and bootstrapping were used to verify the indirect effect of empowering leadership on career satisfaction controlling for common method variance and growth need strength.

Findings

Empowering leadership was positively related to followers’ subsequent psychological empowerment, which in turn predicted protean career attitudes and career commitment, but only career commitment had a significant relationship with career satisfaction.

Research limitations/implications

Empowering leadership behaviors focus on potentially career-enhancing factors, including providing followers with the confidence, inspiration, and authority to assume control of their work lives. Empowering leaders benefit their followers’ careers, and psychological empowerment and career commitment may be important mechanisms in the empowering leadership-career success relationship when their effects are considered simultaneously. Employees’ development of a protean career orientation has less direct effect on subjective career success than simple commitment to a career.

Originality/value

Empowering leadership has been overlooked in career literature. The findings advance the understanding of how empowering leader behaviors could help employees’ subjective career success in a serial mediation model. Additionally, the study empirically demonstrates that psychologically empowered employees are more likely to engage in protean career actions and navigate their own career goals.
Keep the expert! Occupational expertise, perceived employability and job search
Authors: De Vos Ans , Forrier Anneleen , Van der Heijden Beatrice , De Cuyper Nele
Published: May 2017

Purpose

In the current war for talent employers are concerned about the idea that the best employees are more likely to leave the organization for another employer (i.e. the management paradox). This study tests this management paradox. The purpose of this paper is to advance our understandings of how employees’ occupational expertise is associated with job search intensity, through its assumed relationships with perceived internal and external employability in the internal and the external labor market. The authors thereby tested the research model across three different age groups (young, middle-aged, and senior employees).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a survey among 2,137 professional workers and applied multi-group structural equation modeling.

Findings

Perceived internal employability negatively mediated the relationship between occupational expertise and job search intensity, whilst there was a positive mediational effect of perceived external employability. Age had a moderating effect on the association between perceived internal employability and job search intensity.

Research limitations/implications

The findings contribute to the scholarly literature on the management paradox, and the empirical work on employability and age.

Practical implications

Organizations can recoup their investments in expert workers’ employability and enhance their retention by providing opportunities for internal career development.

Originality/value

This study is original by including both internal and external employability. By doing so, the authors thereby shedding new light on how occupational expertise might explain job search and how this relationship differs depending on employee age, thereby using a large sample of respondents.
Strategic management research on emerging economies
Authors: Venkateswaran Ramya Tarakad , Ojha Abhoy K.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Universalizing approaches to knowledge when combined with a dominating cultural discourse is problematic for management research paradigms as “West meets East”. This study aims to examine the case of the rapidly expanding, mainstream strategic management research in and on emerging economies through a critical perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyze the strategic management society’s special conferences and workshops on “Emerging India” that aimed to write a fresh chapter of research on India as an emerging economy, using the methodology of critical discourse analysis (CDA). The authors treat this conference as representative of several such conferences and workshops being organized in emerging economies.

Findings

The results detect some troubling undercurrents of privilege and marginalization. The authors find support for a dominating cultural discourse embedded in the rapidly expanding, universalizing strategic management research perspectives in and on emerging economies.

Research limitations/implications

The implications for indigenous knowledge creation is discussed with a concluding call for academic reflexivity through revisiting different philosophies of science in management research and studying the social mechanisms of international knowledge exchange.

Originality/value

The theoretical framework combining the process of universalizing knowledge (Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1999) with a dominating cultural discourse sustained through a system of pressures and constraints (Said, 1978, 1993) is an original contribution. The choice of an emerging economy site is not very common, and the use of CDA on an event like a conference is valuable to research methodology.
Divergent patterns in institutional entrepreneurship of MNCs in emerging economies
Authors: Becker-Ritterspach Florian , Lange Knut , Becker-Ritterspach Jutta
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework that addresses the question of how and why multinational corporations (MNCs) from developed economies engage in divergent patterns of institutional entrepreneurship (IE) in emerging markets.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors combine IB’s concept of institutional voids with comparative capitalism’s insights into the institutional embeddedness of firm capabilities and IE. This theoretical cross-fertilisation is instrumental in developing a refined understanding of institutional voids and how MNCs proactively engage with them.

Findings

The authors emphasise the notion of institutional voids as a relative concept and, thereby, move away from an ethnocentric view of emerging markets as “empty spaces” that are void of institutions. The authors’ framework proposes that MNCs from liberal and coordinated market economies experience institutional voids differently and engage in different patterns of IE.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation of this work is that the propositions are restricted to the country-of-origin effect and that the observations are based on anecdotal evidence only. Against these limitations the authors call for a more comprehensive research agenda in their conclusion.

Social implications

The paper sensitises policymakers in emerging markets for the potentially different patterns of involvement of MNCs in their institutional environments. Specifically, the authors argue that MNCs may have a strong inclination to rebuild critical elements of their home country’s institutional setting in emerging markets. This touches upon questions of national sovereignty and highlights the need for emerging market policymakers to decide which kinds of institutional settings they would like or not like to see imported.

Originality/value

The paper provides a new and critical perspective of the mainstream IB concept of institutional voids. The authors’ key contribution is to highlight that the home country institutional context may substantially matter in how MNCs perceive and respond to institutional voids in emerging markets.
Creativity discourses as a normative device in corporate offshoring
Authors: Burris Andi
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to apply a postcolonial perspective on the findings from ethnographic research in a multi-national corporation in Shanghai and shed light on the ways that western creativity narratives are deployed as a means to mobilise and transform workers into self-governing, obedient corporate subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

The research applied ethnographic approaches to understand how creativity narratives are enacted in cross-cultural settings.

Findings

Creativity discourses in China often provoke anxieties around national capacity, economic growth and indigenous innovation. Locally trained knowledge workers in China are often assessed as less creative than their western counterparts and the reason attributed to cultural, pedagogical and political differences. However, these factors are not static in China’s fluid economic landscape and neither do Chinese workers uniformly accept that they are less creative.

Originality/value

This paper sheds light on a previously unexamined aspect of dominant western creativity discourses, which may be useful in future work amongst practitioners in international business settings.
Challenges for the development of an integrated agro-food-energy-biochemical nexus in Thailand
Authors: Sukphisal Burin , Wongsurawat Winai
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to synthesize the history of bio-refinery in Thailand and analyze the public policy challenges hindering the industry’s growth and development since year 2000.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors assembled dispersed data on the industry structure, history of investment and the current state of bio-refinery in Thailand from numerous public organizations and media outlets. The chronicle covers the initial launching and subsequent market growth of ethanol, biodiesel and bio-chemicals. The most innovative analysis in this study is the identification of the key players in the bio-refinery value chain. The authors supply insights about each player’s stake, bargaining power, strategies and relative success/failure during the past few decades.

Findings

Instead of working together to develop bio-refinery, it appears the Thai petroleum companies, policymakers and automotive companies often delay or block developments that would benefit bio-fuel and bio-chemical producers and crop growers. Conflicts of interests have caused policymakers and regulators to favor already overly protected industries. Seventeen years of bio-fuel policy from 2000 to 2016 has shown that the major objectives of the government’s bio-fuel/bio-refinery policies have failed.

Originality/value

Using Thailand as a case study, this paper illustrates the critical role of politics, special interest groups and lobbying in determining the viability of bio-fuel/bio-refinery industries in developing countries.
Modeling Iranian innovation network in nanotech for policy: applying an adopted version of SKIN model
Authors: Mahmoudzadeh Morteza , Alborzi Mahmood
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council could significantly increase the production of scientific articles in the field by imposing ten-year incentive policies so that Iran ranked 7 in this area in the year 2015. But this progress was insufficient to speed up the production and commercialization of nanotechnology products and Iran ranked 44 with a share of 0.03 per cent of nanotechnology production in the world. Therefore, Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council as a governmental policymaker institution in this area has sought for the policy threefold increase of funding to speed up the production and commercialization of products in this field. But given that the result was not so clear, this research was formed in the form of modeling Iran Nanotechnology Innovation Network and testing various scenarios to increase its efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses simulation framework of innovation networks (SKIN) in an attempt to model the production innovation network in Iran in the field of nanotechnology that can measure the effect of incentive policies in changing the network structure and, consequently, increasing the level and pace of innovation in it. Given that the volume of articles produced in Iranian universities in the field of Nanotechnology had a high speed and volume in comparison with the volume of technical knowledge produced by companies, and because the SKIN framework did not consider the distinction between the two, in the first step, the framework is developed using the model of absorptive capacity of knowledge provided by Cohen and Levinthal (1990) and then the developed model was used to model the Innovation Network.

Findings

Finally, two policies of threefold increase of budget (Scenario 1) and increasing the support for joint projects (with maintaining the current budget level) (Scenario 2) were tested in this model. The social network analysis method was used to analyze the results of the two scenarios, where innovation network topology was compared (as an index to measure the network efficiency) in three states of current status of the network (the baseline scenario), implementing the first and second scenarios of extraction and with each other.

Originality/value

This paper models Iranian Nanotechnology Innovation Network for studying the evolution of the network as a result of executing different supportive scenarios.
Interactive educational game, an android mobile app for children learning alphabets
Authors: Salman Afan Galih , Antonius Christian
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate a mobile educational application that supports fun learning for children. This paper describes an educational game application “Laut ABC”, which is an Android-based app that aims to be a learning tool with an attractive design that would help children learn alphabets. The results show that educational game app “Laut ABC” is a effective learning tool and can be used as an alternative for learning alphabets using an interesting and fun-learning concept.

Design/methodology/approach

Research methods include methods of data collection, design and implementation. Data collection was done through research literature, interviews and questionnaires and analyzing some similar applications. Designing game application using storyboard and implementation was the done using the waterfall model for the software development life cycle.

Findings

Most respondents stated that the introduction of alphabets is important for young children. They chose uppercase or capital letters to be used in the game. A majority of the respondents answered that the order of writing alphabets is important. These respondents agreed that educational games are a means for children to learn alphabets, as well as learn to write and pronounce alphabets. The application can also provide writing exercises to train childrens’ memory. The usual difficulties parents’ stated were that the children feel tired and are not in the mood to learn, have poor concentration, have difficulty in responding and seem to be disinclined to learn. Most of the parents mentioned that the critical points in children’s applications were the design of the educational application and completeness as a whole.

Originality/value

The paper reports the development of game’s design —- display, navigation, instruction and feedback. It can be said that the users had no difficulty in playing the game.
Business process management and supply chain collaboration: effects on performance and competitiveness
Authors: Pradabwong Jiraporn , Braziotis Christos , Tannock James D.T. , Pawar Kulwant S.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This study aims to examine the interrelationships among business process management (BPM), supply chain collaboration (SCC), collaborative advantage and organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 204 manufacturing firms in Thailand, and the interrelationships proposed in the framework were tested via structural equation modelling.

Findings

This study highlights the role of intra- and inter-organisational practices and clearly demonstrates the joint role and impact of BPM and SCC, respectively. The results provide empirical evidence that BPM improves both organisational performance and collaborative activities. Also, SCC and collaborative advantage can have indirect positive impacts on organisational performance.

Research limitations/implications

This work could be expanded by adopting a supplementary dyadic or extended supply chain (SC) approach and could also consider contextual factors, which were outside of the scope of this study.

Practical implications

The BPM approach has a positive impact on organisational performance, which is essential for collaborative activities between a firm and its SC partners. Further, effective BPM and SCC practices lead to enhanced performance and collaborative benefits. Practitioners should be better able to define and measure specific actions relating to their BPM and SCC practices.

Originality value

This paper stresses the need to consider the interrelationships between BPM, SCC, collaborative advantage and organisational performance for both direct and indirect effects. Rather than focusing only on improvement at individual firm level, SCC is vital to compete in the market. Improving the effectiveness of SC allows higher organisational performance levels than those that could be achieved in isolation.
Competence in supply chain management: a systematic review
Authors: Derwik Pernilla , Hellström Daniel
Published: May 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to present an integrated view of the literature published on all aspects and facets of competence in supply chain management (SCM) and furthermore provides a framework for classifying and analyzing literature to facilitate further study, practice and research.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review identified 98 peer-reviewed scientific journal publications on the subject of competence in SCM.

Findings

This review identifies and classifies the key content of the subject based on whose competence (level of analysis) and the type of competence (competence element), resulting in a framework that brings together aspects at the individual and organizational level, and of the functional, relational, managerial and behavioral elements of competence from the SCM literature. It furthermore displays the timeliness and wide-ranging character of the subject, as presented by the evolutionary timeline and the main research streams.

Research limitations/implications

Although competence in SCM is a key to business success, the subject is ambiguous and an explicit need exists for more research. This paper provides a foundation for future examination of and theory building in this subject. It also alerts researchers to complementary studies outside of their own “customary” domains.

Practical implications

This paper can support managers in their pursuit to secure competence in SCM and thereby improve outcomes on both individual and organizational level. It can furthermore assist in the development of relevant programs and training sessions.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first systematic literature review on the subject of competence in SCM. In addition, it proposes a taxonomy for mapping and evaluating research on this subject.
Working with persons with an intellectual disability: the transferential process between therapist and client and the systems they inhabit
Authors: Cotter Pádraig , Hollwey Sara , Carr Alan
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to appraise “transference” and “countertransference” when working with people with intellectual disabilities (PWID).

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the literature was conducted, followed by a discussion.

Findings

No research articles were found. Potential reasons for this are discussed. Historical influence, complexity of the topic and resistance among professionals may be contributing factors. Despite this, these phenomena are important for several reasons. These include the high levels of trauma these clients experience; the manner in which they have been marginalised by mainstream society; the strong likelihood of PWID evoking difficult countertransference from therapists; and the myriad of coping mechanisms and defences that these clients may employ.

Research limitations/implications

Research is needed to further current understanding of these issues.

Practical implications

An awareness of these issues amongst practitioners and other key members of a PWID’s system is important.

Originality/value

This is the first review and commentary on these issues.
Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage – the role of heritage exhibitions in tackling social isolation
Authors: Lupson Marc
Published: May 2017

Purpose

Using the “Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus: Our Heritage” exhibition as a case study, the purpose of this paper is to look at how heritage exhibitions can be used to address social isolation and also serve as a way to give an identity to a community with a disability.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reviews the process of creating the exhibition, some of its most significant elements and its impact.

Findings

A heritage exhibition can be an effective way to address social isolation and inclusion.

Originality/value

This was a unique exhibition with considerable impact on members of the Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus community and with the potential to have a broader value in promoting change in attitudes towards disability.
The D‐lactate dehydrogenase MoDLD1 is essential for growth and infection‐related development in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Zhou Tengsheng , Qin Li , Zhu Xiaohan , Shen Wenyun , Zou Jitao , Wang Zonghua , Wei Yangdou
Published: May 2017

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is initiated by the attachment of conidia to plant surfaces. Germ tubes emerging from conidia develop melanized appressoria to physically penetrate the host surface. Previous studies revealed that appressorium development requires the breakdown of storage lipids and glycogen that occur in peroxisomes and the cytosol respectively, culminating in production of pyruvate. However, the downstream product(s) entering the mitochondria for further oxidation is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular basis underlying the metabolic flux towards the mitochondria associated with the infectious‐related development in M. oryzae. We showed that D‐lactate is a key intermediate metabolite of the mobilization of lipids and glycogen, and its oxidative conversion to pyruvate is catalysed by a mitochondrial D‐lactate dehydrogenase MoDLD1. Deletion of MoDLD1 caused defects in conidiogenesis and appressorium formation, and subsequently the loss of fungal pathogenicity. Further analyses demonstrated that MoDLD1 activity is involved in the maintenance of redox homeostasis during conidial germination. Thus, MoDLD1 is a critical modulator that channels metabolite flow to the mitochondrion coupling cellular redox state, and contributes to development and virulence of M. oryzae.
Bureaucratic Readiness in Managing Local Level Participatory Governance: A Developing Country Context
Authors: Waheduzzaman Wahed , Van Gramberg Bernadine , Ferrer Justine
Published: May 2017

Participatory governance in developing countries is broadly viewed as an essential prerequisite for successful implementation of public projects. However, it poses many challenges for public bureaucrats in terms of their skills and willingness to engage citizens. Despite the growing evidence of the pervasiveness of participatory governance, research to date has not explored bureaucratic readiness to adopt participatory practices. This research presents findings of a bureaucratic readiness assessment for participatory governance in Bangladesh by exploring how public bureaucrats perceive the value of participation; how they are educated to collaborate with stakeholders; and the extent to which their attitudes are amenable to enhancing participatory governance. Our findings suggest that we can classify readiness in terms of both motivational and educational factors. The study has implications for how readiness can be developed in public officials that may assist in fostering participatory governance in Bangladesh and be informative to other countries experiencing similar issues.
Extrametricality in Latin
Authors: Kostakis Andrew
Published: May 2017

It is generally claimed that all coda consonants in Latin are moraic and therefore contribute to the weight of a syllable. Contrary to that characterisation, however, I argue that word‐final [s] was always extrametrical – as were all consonants after long vowels. That claim accounts for a number of phonological patterns that are poorly understood. Those patterns range from vowel length alternations in words like sūs ‘swine.nom.sg’ and suis ‘swine.gen.sg’ to underapplied rhotacism in words like opus ‘work’, which resists the analogical shift from [s] to [r] that is found in words like honour (< honōs) ‘honour.nom.sg’. In addition, extrametricality clarifies the idiosyncratic behaviour of word‐final [s] in Old Latin verse, in which the final syllable of a word like minus ‘less’ scans as light more often than it scans as heavy. Extrametrical consonants furthermore exhibit anomalous phonotactic patterns. For example, only word‐final [s] can create a coda with rising sonority. The resulting optimality theoretic analysis advances a detailed account of moraicity in Latin phonology and more generally informs our understanding of complex patterns in moraic structure that fall out from constraint interaction.
Effects of High‐g Impact on Physical, Electrical, and Optical Characteristics of Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wen Xin , Okraszewski Brandon , Babber Pragun , Cash James , Cain Stephen , Klotzkin David
Published: May 2017

Previously, one of the tools available in automotive or aircraft accident analysis was the examination of the indicator bulbs. Currently, indicator bulbs have been largely replaced by light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here a series of studies was carried out on impact effects on LEDs to determine whether their properties change after impact, and whether it is related to its working status (lit or unlit). The LEDs were measured before mechanical shock with a series of tests, including current–voltage, current–light, bandwidth, subject to impact ranging from 450 g to 2000 g, and then retested. The tests showed consistent slight but statistically significant increases in forward voltages at a given current after impact, which could be used to estimate the impact. Some LEDS were imaged before and after impact with thermal and X‐ray imaging, but no mechanical changes were seen. It was not possible to determine the LED's working status from these test results.
Is advertising under‐resourced in a growth market? Intangible endogeneity and informed trading issues
Authors: Hodgson Allan , Lhaopadchan Suntharee , Ratiu Raluca
Published: May 2017

We examine advertising value relevance when advertising competes against other intangibles for scarce funding in a growth market. Manufacturing firms that strategically increase advertising are rewarded—they provide a direct and indirect Granger lead to stock prices above sales and income. In service firms, stock prices and intangible budgets are independently determined—with increased expenditures beyond established (optimal) levels penalised. Insider trading, conditioned on advertising, extracts 60‐day arbitrage returns of 22.5 percent, consistent with VECM signals. Highlighted is the importance of maintaining optimum intangible budgets, observing cues from informed traders and in identifying analyst following that constrains insider rent extraction.
Corporate social responsibility performance, financial distress and firm life cycle: evidence from Australia
Authors: Al‐Hadi Ahmed , Chatterjee Bikram , Yaftian Ali , Taylor Grantley , Monzur Hasan Mostafa
Published: May 2017

This study examines the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance and financial distress and additionally the moderating impact of firm life cycle stages on that association. Based on a sample of 651 publicly listed Australian firm‐years’ data covering the 2007–2013 period, our regression results show that positive CSR activity significantly reduces financial distress of the firm. In addition, the negative association between positive CSR performance and financial distress is more pronounced for firms in mature life cycle stages. Our results are robust to alternative proxy measures of financial distress, CSR performance and life cycle stages.
Functional neuroimaging offers insights into delirium pathophysiology: A systematic review
Authors: Haggstrom Lucy , Welschinger Robert , Caplan Gideon A
Published: May 2017

Objective

This systematic review describes the current functional neuroimaging literature in delirium, discusses pathophysiological implications of these results and highlights areas for further study.

Methods

In accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, an extensive search of medical databases was undertaken, identifying eighteen studies of variable quality and design suitable for inclusion.

Results

Functional neuroimaging has highlighted significant abnormalities during delirium, with disturbances in cerebral haemodynamics and functional connectivity potentially playing a key role in delirium pathophysiology.

Conclusions

Although employing functional neuroimaging in delirium remains difficult, these findings demonstrate the potential of functional imaging to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of delirium, to lead to more efficient interventions and targeted therapies and to reduce the burden of this underdiagnosed syndrome.
Rationale and design of a randomized trial to assess the safety and efficacy of MultiPoint Pacing (MPP) in cardiac resynchronization therapy: The MPP Trial
Authors: Tomassoni Gery , Baker James , Corbisiero Raffaele , Love Charles , Martin David , Sheppard Robert , Worley Seth J. , Lee Kwangdeok , Niazi Imran ,   the MPP Investigators
Published: May 2017

Background

Although the majority of Class III congestive heart failure (HF) patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) show a clinical benefit, up to 40% of patients do not respond to CRT. This paper reports the design of the MultiPoint Pacing (MPP) trial, a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CRT using MPP compared to standard biventricular (Bi‐V) pacing.

Methods

A maximum of 506 patients with a standard CRT‐D indication will be enrolled at up to 50 US centers. All patients will be implanted with a CRT‐D system (Quartet LV lead Model 1458Q with a Quadra CRT‐D, Abbott) that can deliver both MPP and Bi‐V pacing. Standard Bi‐V pacing will be activated at implant. At 3 months postimplant, patients in whom the echocardiographic parameters during MPP are equal or better than during Bi‐V pacing are randomized (1:1) to either an MPP or Bi‐V arm.

Results

The primary safety endpoint is freedom from system‐related complications at 9 months. Each patient's response to CRT will be evaluated using a heart‐failure clinical composite score, consisting of a change in NYHA functional class, patient global assessment score, HF events, and cardiovascular death. The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of responders in the MPP arm compared with the Bi‐V arm between 3 and 9 months.

Conclusion

This trial seeks to evaluate whether MPP via a single quadripolar LV lead improves hemodynamic and clinical responses to CRT, both in clinical responders and nonresponders.
A Study on Black‐Body Celadon Excavated in The Altar Guan and Literature Ge (Longquan Ge) Kilns by EDXRF
Authors: Huang Y. , Yan L.‐T. , Sun H.‐Y. , Feng X.‐Q.
Published: May 2017

Samples of celadon were collected from the Altar Guan Kiln in Hangzhou, and from the Xiaomeizhen and Xikou Kilns, two subordinate kilns of the Longquan Kiln producing black‐body celadon called Literature Ge. Both the elemental contents in the sample bodies and the glaze were measured. The results reveal that the sample bodies contain fingerprint information for provenance, while this was lost in the glaze during the production process. The TiO2, MnO and Rb2O contained in the bodies are fingerprints to distinguish between celadons from the Xiaomeizhen and Xikou Kilns. In the Altar Guan Kiln, some low‐TiO2 samples were found and their body colour is much lighter than some others, but they do not differ with regard to iron content. This indicates that both titanium and iron are indispensable for the blackness of the bodies: they may react to form some black minerals during the firing process. Ultimately, samples from the Literature Ge and Altar Guan Kilns differ in their body constituents. Principal component analysis reveals that the samples can be divided into two groups, corresponding to the two different areas.
Extending the seductive allure of neuroscience explanations effect to popular articles about educational topics
Authors: Im Soo‐hyun , Varma Keisha , Varma Sashank
Published: May 2017

Background

The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations (SANE) is the finding that people overweight psychological arguments when framed in terms of neuroscience findings.

Aim

This study extended this finding to arguments concerning the application of psychological findings to educational topics.

Sample

Participants (n = 320) were recruited from the general public, specifically among English‐speaking Amazon Mechanical Turk workers residing in the United States.

Methods

We developed eight articles that orthogonally varied two processes (learning vs. development) with two disciplines (cognitive vs. affective psychology). We increased neuroscience framing across four levels: psychological finding alone, with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal), with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal) and graph, and with an extraneous neuroscience finding (verbal) and brain image. Participants were randomly assigned to one level of neuroscience framing and rated the credibility of each article's argument.

Results

Seductive allure of neuroscience explanations effects were not ubiquitous. Extraneous verbal neuroscience framings, either alone or accompanied by graphs, did not influence the credibility of the application of psychological findings to educational topics. However, there was a SANE effect when educational articles were accompanied by both extraneous verbal neuroscience findings and brain images. This effect persisted even after controlling for individual differences in familiarity with education, attitude towards psychology, and knowledge of neuroscience.

Conclusion

The results suggest that there is a SANE effect for articles about educational topics among the general public when they are accompanied by both extraneous verbal neuroscience findings and brain images.
Defective α2antiplasmin cross‐linking and thrombus stability in a case of acquired factor XIII deficiency
Authors: Mitchell Joanne L. , Wright Sonja , Kazi Sajida , Watson Henry G. , Mutch Nicola J.
Published: May 2017

Acquired factor XIII (FXIII) deficiency is a rare and life‐threatening condition that is often misdiagnosed or missed completely. A 72‐year‐old woman presented with symptoms of major unprovoked bleeding but routine coagulation screening tests and platelet count were normal. Low activated FXIII (FXIIIa) activity levels and abnormal urea clot stability led to diagnosis of acquired FXIII deficiency. A modified Bethesda inhibitor titre of 1.6 Bethesda units/ml indicated the presence of a FXIII inhibitor. Bleeding responded to a single dose of FXIII concentrate and immunosuppression with prednisolone induced remission. A subsequent relapse was treated with combined prednisolone and Rituximab resulting in a prolonged, ongoing remission. Here we analyse the mechanisms underlying this idiopathic case of acquired FXIII deficiency. Prospective analysis of patient plasma revealed minimal FXIIIa activity and antigen in presentation and relapse samples. Thrombi formed from these samples lysed rapidly and showed an absence of cross‐linked α2AP. Western blotting revealed the presence of FXIII‐B, indicating only FXIII‐A and FXIII‐A2B2 were affected. FXIII activity and antigen levels normalised on remission. Our data suggest the presence of inhibitor‐induced clearance of FXIII from plasma. As a consequence, reduced thrombus stability was evident due to defective α2AP cross‐linking, thereby explaining symptoms of excessive bleeding.
When Industrial Democracy Meets Corporate Social Responsibility — A Comparison of the Bangladesh Accord and Alliance as Responses to the Rana Plaza Disaster
Authors: Donaghey Jimmy , Reinecke Juliane
Published: May 2017

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Industrial Democracy are two paradigmatic approaches to transnational labour governance. They differ considerably with regard to the role accorded to the representation of labour. CSR tends to view workers as passive recipients of corporate‐led initiatives, with little attention paid to the role of unions. Industrial Democracy centres on labour involvement: those affected by governance need to be part of it. Examining the Bangladesh Accord and Alliance as governance responses to the 2013 Rana Plaza disaster, this article offers a comparative perspective of how Industrial Democracy‐oriented and CSR‐oriented initiatives translate into differences in implementation. The article highlights that while CSR can foster effective problem‐solving in the short run, Industrial Democracy is necessary to build governance capacities involving workers in the long run.
Pharmacological interventions in the Wnt pathway: inhibition of Wnt secretion versus disrupting the protein–protein interfaces of nuclear factors
Authors: Zimmerli Dario , Hausmann George , Cantù Claudio , Basler Konrad
Published: May 2017

Mutations in components of the Wnt pathways are a frequent cause of many human diseases, particularly cancer. Despite the fact that a causative link between aberrant Wnt signalling and many types of human cancers was established more than a decade ago, no Wnt signalling inhibitors have made it into the clinic so far. One reason for this is that no pathway‐specific kinase is known. Additionally, targeting the protein–protein interactions needed to transduce the signal has not met with success so far. Complicating the search for and use of inhibitors is the complexity of the cascades triggered by the Wnts and their paramount biological importance. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is involved in virtually all aspects of embryonic development and in the control of the homeostasis of adult tissues. Encouragingly, however, in recent years, first successes with Wnt‐pathway inhibitors have been reported in mouse models of disease. In this review, we summarize possible roads to follow during the quest to pharmacologically modulate the Wnt signalling pathway in cancer.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Black Students and High School Completion in Quebec and Ontario: A Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Livingstone Anne‐Marie , Weinfeld Morton
Published: May 2017

The paper contributes to the literature on black students and racial disparities in high school completion in Canada and makes original use of the 2006 Census to analyze the educational attainment of 18‐ to 19‐year‐olds in Ontario and Quebec. Results of a logistic regression indicate that in both provinces, black/white disparities in graduation rates disappear when income, family structure, language, gender, and place of residence are taken into account. Higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage among black children pose challenges for high school completion. These findings do not imply that racism has no impact; indeed, the paper concludes that high school completion may not be the outcome most suitable for evaluating the effects of racism on educational attainment. Future studies should examine the causes of racial disparities in intermediate outcomes of school success (i.e., grades, special education placement, academic tracking, and disciplinary sanctions), and their effects on the graduation rates and postsecondary pathways of black students.

Cet article contribue à la littérature portant sur les élèves noirs et les inégalités raciales au niveau de l'obtention d'un diplôme secondaire des 18–19 ans en Ontario et au Québec. Les résultats d'une régression logistique démontrent que, dans les deux provinces, les inégalités entre les noirs et les blancs au niveau du taux de diplomation disparaissent lorsque le revenu, la structure familiale, la langue, le sexe et le statut d'immigration sont pris en considération. Des taux plus élevés de désavantage économique chez les enfants noirs constituent un obstacle pour l'obtention d'un diplôme d’études secondaires. De plus, l'utilisation de la diplomation afin d’évaluer la présence de racisme dans les écoles peut s'avérer un critère faible. Il est possible que la présence de racisme s'avère détectable uniquement lors de l'utilisation d'indicateurs mesurant de façon plus précise l'expérience dans les écoles ainsi que le cheminement à long terme des étudiants noirs, tels que le taux d'inscription et la performance au niveau de l’éducation postsecondaire.