bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notes on Characterizations of 2d Rational SCFTs: Algebraicity, Mirror Symmetry, and Complex Multiplication
Authors: Kidambi Abhiram , Okada Masaki , Watari Taizan
Published: November 2024

S. Gukov and C. Vafa proposed a characterization of rational superconformal field theories (SCFTs) in dimensions with Ricci‐flat Kähler target spaces in terms of the Hodge structure of the target space, extending an earlier observation by G. Moore. The idea is refined, and a conjectural statement on necessary and sufficient conditions for such SCFTs to be rational is obtained, which is indeed proven to be true in the case the target space is . In the refined statement, the algebraicity of the geometric data of the target space turns out to be essential, and the Strominger–Yau–Zaslow fibration in the mirror correspondence also plays a vital role.
Managing the risk of continued operation with out‐of‐service safety instrumented system devices
Authors: Kottawar Kedar , Sharma Jyoti , Summers Angela E. , Roche Eloise
Published: November 2024

Safety instrumented systems (SIS) are used to reduce the frequency of hazardous events in the process industry. When SIS equipment has a detected failure or requires online maintenance, the processing facility must decide whether to continue operation or shut down. Continued operation can pose risks beyond what was deemed acceptable as per the company's risk criteria. Understanding the peak risk is important to ensure that all stakeholders are aware of the risk and have compensating measures that ensure continued safe operation until the SIS equipment is returned to service. The paper proposes using Peak Risk Analysis (PRA) to identify unacceptable risks and to document the compensating measures required to support continued safe operation with out‐of‐service SIS equipment.
Using stable oxygen isotope dual‐inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Seal Robert R. , Reid Lauren T. , Jordan James A. , Mumford Adam C.
Published: November 2024

Rationale

Vein calcite in Devils Hole has been precipitating continuously in oxygen‐isotope equilibrium at a constant temperature for over 500 000 years, providing an unmatched δ18O paleoclimate time series. A substantial issue is that coeval calcite (based on matching δ18O values) has uranium‐series ages differing by 12 000 years.

Methods

An unparalleled high‐accuracy δ18O chronology series from continuously submerged calcite was used to correct the published uranium‐series ages of non‐continuously formed calcite in two cores, cyclically exposed by water‐table decline during glacial–interglacial transitions. This method relies on the premise that the δ18O values of coevally precipitated calcite are identical, allowing matching calcite δ18O values to establish formation ages.

Results

Exposed calcite can have apparent ages that are 12 000 years too young due to unrecognized uranium mobility and resulting mixed ages identified in over 50 mixed uranium‐series ages from previous studies. Secondary uranium in fluids, sourced from the formation or dissolution of porous carbonate deposits (folia) with high uranium‐238 (238U) concentrations, has migrated up to 10 mm into vein calcite.

Conclusions

The continuously submerged Devils Hole δ18O chronology is not explained by orbital forcing. Rather, this chronology represents a regional climate record in the southern Great Basin of sea‐surface‐temperature (SST) variations off California, variations that preceded the last and penultimate deglaciations by 5000 to approximately 10 000 years. Temporal discrepancies between the continuously submerged Devils Hole chronology and other regional δ18O records (e.g., the Leviathan chronology) can be explained by unrecognized cryptic, pernicious uranium mobility, leading to model estimations that may be thousands of years younger than actual ages. Consequently, paleo‐moisture availability, water‐table, and groundwater recharge models based on these mixed uranium‐series ages are too young by as much as 12 000 years. The potential for post‐formation uranium addition in subaerial cores and speleothems underscores the need for caution in uranium‐series dating, highlighting δ18O time‐series comparisons as a method for identifying mixed ages.
Validation of an Augmented Reality Based Functional Method to Determine and Render the Hip Rotation Centre During Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Neuville Quentin , Frantz Taylor , Van Gestel Frederick , Janssen Bart , Vandemeulebroucke Jef , Duerinck Johnny , Scheerlinck Thierry
Published: November 2024

Background

We present a method to determine and visualise the functional centre of rotation (FCOR) of the hip during total hip arthroplasty using an augmented reality head mounted display (AR‐HMD).

Methods

We developed software allowing a HoloLens to provide inside‐out infrared tracking of markers affixed to cadaver femurs and 3D printed acetabuli. Two observers rotated 20 cadaver femurs twice in a matching cup, producing 80 measurements. The FCOR of the acetabulum and femoral head was determined based on the point cloud generated from the displacement of the femoral trackers to the acetabular tracker.

Results

Compared to the ground truth, the FCOR resulted in an absolute error of 2.9 ± 1.4 mm for the acetabulum and 2.9 ± 1.2 mm for the femur, with 95th percentiles below 5.6 and 4.7 mm.

Conclusion

The proposed AR‐HMD system offers an accurate and reproducible way to determine the femoral and acetabular FCOR in an experimental setting.
Literacy in the Time of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kalantzis Mary , Cope Bill
Published: November 2024

The latest mutation of Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, is more than anything a technology of writing. It is a machine that can write. In a world‐historical frame, the significance of this cannot be understated. This is a technology in which the unnatural language of code tangles with the natural language of everyday life. Its form of writing, moreover, is multimodal, able not only to write text as conventionally understood, but also to “read” images by matching textual labels and to “write” images from textual prompts. Within the scope of this peculiarly mechanical manufacturing of writing are mathematics, actionable software procedure, and algorithm. This paper explores the consequences of Generative AI for literacy teaching and learning. In its first part, we speak theoretically and historically, suggesting that this development is perhaps as momentous for society and education as Pi Sheng's invention of moveable type and Gutenberg's printing press—and in its peculiar ways just as problematic. In the paper's second part, we go on to propose that literacy in the time of AI requires a new way to speak about itself, a revised “grammar” of sorts. In a third part, we discuss an experimental application we have developed that puts Generative AI to work in support of literacy and learning. We end with some findings and implications for literacy education and with a proposal for what we will call cyber‐social literacy learning.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Multimetallic 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe
Authors: Han Hui , Cui He , Wang Jiabo , Ge Kai , Yang Yongfang
Published: November 2024

In this study, 2D multimetallic MOFs combined with the advantages of 2D nanosheets, with the synergetic effect of multimetallic nodes, exhibited good photocatalytic activity for reduction of CO2. Herein, a 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe were successfully prepared via one‐pot stirring of the solutions of multimetal salts and organic ligands at room temperature. Introduction of the second and third metal (Cu and Fe) into MOF‐Co does not change the 2D morphology of MOFs, although it improved the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance by broadening the light absorption range of 2D MOF‐Co, accelerating the separation efficiency and transfer rate of photogenerated carriers. Upon irradiation with full‐spectrum light, the average CO yield of 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe achieved 17.06 µmol·g−1·h−1, being about 1.8 and 1.2 times that of 2D MOF‐Co and 2D MOF‐Co/Cu. This work provides an insight into 2D multimetallic MOFs‐based photocatalysts in catalytic CO2 reduction.
A Dual‐Mode Electrochemical Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Detecting Acetamiprid Based on Hollow Porous Fe2O3 Cubes
Authors: Cheng Jing , Liu Hanbiao , Liu Jianhui , Yi Jiangle , Zhou Changli , Tian Dong , Xia Fangquan
Published: November 2024

Acetamiprid, a widely utilized pesticide, poses risks to human health due to the bioaccumulation of its residues. Detecting pesticide residues is crucial for effective pesticide management. To enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of pesticide detection, researchers have developed dual‐mode sensors that allow for mutual validation of the two signals. In this paper, a dual‐mode electrochemical sensor for detecting acetamiprid was constructed using H2O2 and methylene blue (MB) as probes. The electrochemical signal of MB was measured using square wave voltammetry (SWV) mode, followed by the detection of the reduction signal of H2O2 in amperometric i‐t curve (i‐t) mode. The two signals complemented each other, thereby reducing errors and enhancing measurement accuracy. Additionally, hollow porous Fe2O3 cubes were synthesized to catalyze the reduction of H2O2 to enhance mass transfer rates. The detection limit in SWV mode was 0.034 pM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation represented as ΔI = 5.39lgc‐33.80 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 pM to 0 .1µM. The detection limit in i‐t mode was 0.38 nM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation expressed as ΔI = ‐7.26lgc‐77.20 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 nM to 0.1 µM. This dual‐mode electrochemical sensor offers a promising approach for detecting pesticide residues.
Nitrobenzene and Aniline‐Mediated Direct Olefination of Methyl Substituted N‐Heteroarenes With Benzylic Alcohols
Authors: Dong Chunping , Mei Xin , Hu Caijuan , Du Xiaojiao , Li Jian
Published: November 2024

Metal‐free, strong‐base‐free, and solvent‐free synthesis of alkenyl heteroarenes through PhNO2/PhNH2 mediated direct olefination of methyl substituted N‐heteroarenes with benzylic alcohols was described. Detailed mechanistic studies indicated that in situ formed imine was the active intermediate for the olefination. PhNO2 protected benzylic alcohols from overoxidation, and PhNH2 not only acted as the coupling partner for the formation of intermediate imine, but also provides an alkaline condition for the generation of enamine salt. Gram scale reaction and the synthesis of three pharmaceutically relevant conjugated olefins were also successful using this methodology.
Chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration in mothers: A two‐study investigation
Authors: Rinne Gabrielle R. , Guardino Christine M. , Soriano Metzy , Dunkel Schetter Christine
Published: November 2024

Dysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is one mechanism through which chronic stress during pregnancy and parenthood may affect parental, child, and family health. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) may be well‐suited to elucidate associations between chronic stress and HPA axis regulation because HCC reflects cortisol output over several months. However, most previous studies that examine chronic stress in conjunction with cortisol in pregnant individuals or mothers use measures that reflect HPA axis output over a relatively limited time. We report findings from two longitudinal studies that tested associations between chronic stress and HCC in women during the perinatal period (Study 1; n = 144) and mothers of young children (Study 2; n = 102). Both studies measured chronic stress with a measure developed to comprehensively assess chronic stressors in community samples. Hair samples were collected three times in Study 1 (mid‐pregnancy, one month postpartum, and 12 months postpartum) and twice in Study 2, approximately one year apart. Chronic stress was associated with higher HCC in both studies. Exploratory analyses indicated that the strength of associations between chronic stress and HCC differed as a function of the life domain of chronic stress. Chronic work and family demands were associated with higher postpartum HCC in Study 1 whereas neighbourhood/housing and discrimination chronic stress were associated with higher HCC in Study 2. These findings provide evidence of a biological pathway through which chronic stress may influence health in mothers and support the utility of hair cortisol as a neuroendocrine measure of chronic stress during pregnancy and parenthood.
Biomimetic Microstructure with Anti‐Slip and Anti‐Adhesion for Efficient Handling of Brittle Material Surfaces in High‐Temperature Environments
Authors: Zhan Haozhen , Wu Jianming , Zhang Jiachun , Li Qianqian , Fu Shixun , Chen Jian , Zhao Jiahui , Ji Yuanming , Wang Xipeng , Deng Kai , Ji Keju
Published: November 2024

Non‐destructive handling such as wafer handling usually requires a high‐temperature environment, however, most bionic materials fail in high temperatures due to material decomposition. In this study, inspired by the unique microstructure of locust toe pads with low adhesion and high friction, bionic high‐temperature friction pads are designed and fabricated, selecting high‐temperature‐resistant silicone rubber as the material. The interfacial mechanical properties at high temperatures are analyzed. The samples with terminal bulges possess preferable roughness adaptability, enabling the advantages of low adhesion and high friction in high temperatures. The high‐temperature non‐destructive handling experiment using a robotic arm verifies the feasibility of bionic high‐temperature friction pads in industrial applications and provides a valuable solution for non‐destructive handling in high‐temperature environments.
Catenation Control in Stable Zr‐MOFs for Fine‐Tuning LNG‐ANG‐Related Methane Storage
Authors: Ma Si , Shi Le , Zhong Yuanlong , Cao Honghao , Yang Zhenning , Yang Jian , Wang Kun , Chen Zhijie
Published: November 2024

The liquefied natural gas and adsorbed natural gas (LNG‐ANG) coupling systems are emerging as an attractive solution to solve boil‐off gases generated by LNG tanks. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for methane storage and delivery owing to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable pore structures. However, systematically tuning LNG‐ANG‐related methane adsorption performance of MOFs has yet to be explored. In this context, an interpenetrated zirconium‐based (3,8)‐connected the‐MOF, Zr‐TTB‐1, with limited porosity is synthesized. The further delicate modulation of reaction conditions allows the assembly of a non‐interpenetrated counterpart, Zr‐TTB‐2, with significantly improved porosity. Such molecular‐level catenation control results in a substantial increase in low‐temperature methane adsorption performance related to LNG‐ANG. The volumetric working capacity of non‐interpenetrated Zr‐TTB‐2 is up to 255 cm3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP) cm−3 under LNG‐ANG condition (159 K, 6 bar, and 298 K, 5 bar), outperforms more than twice that of interpenetrated counterpart—Zr‐TTB‐1 (115 cm3 (STP) cm−3). To this end, the investigation provides an efficacious example of regulating the methane working capacity in LNG‐ANG systems through molecular‐level structural control of designed porous frameworks.
Selective Hydrogen Oxidation Catalyst for PEM Fuel Cells: Tungsten Cluster‐Tuned Platinum Single Atoms
Authors: Guo Xu , Hao Ahui , Li Shuang , Li Xiangyan , Wan Xin , Liu Xiaofang , Shui Jianglan
Published: November 2024

The selective hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalyst is crucial for enhancing the performance of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) against degradation caused by reverse currents. In this study, a catalyst comprising platinum single atoms (Pt1) finely tuned by tungsten nanoclusters (WNC) on an accordion‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon support (ANC) is presented. The tungsten nanoclusters, derived from phosphotungstic acid, are embedded within the carbon support, while the Pt single atoms are uniformly dispersed on its surface. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the WNC effectively reduce the hydrogen adsorption strength on Pt1 to an optimal level, thereby facilitating HOR catalysis. Notably, this adjustment also weakens oxygen adsorption, rendering Pt1 less effective for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction. Consequently, the catalyst Pt1/WNC‐ANC exhibits high resistance to degradation from reverse currents when oxygen leaks into the anode. Meanwhile, it demonstrates an ultralow HOR overpotential with an outstanding mass activity, 13 times greater than commercial Pt/C. This work provides a highly active and selective low‐Pt HOR catalyst, paving the way for the development of cost‐effective, long‐lasting, and robust PEMFCs.
Cleaning of Photovoltaic Modules through Rain: Experimental Study and Modeling Approaches
Authors: Norde Santos Fernanda , Wilbert Stefan , Ruiz Donoso Elena , El Dik Julie , Campos Guzman Laura , Hanrieder Natalie , Fernández García Aránzazu , Alonso García Carmen , Polo Jesús , Forstinger Anne , Affolter Roman , Pitz‐Paal Robert
Published: November 2024

Predicting the amount of soiling accumulated on the collectors is a key factor when optimizing the trade‐off between reducing soiling losses and cleaning costs. An important influence on soiling losses is natural cleaning through rain. Several soiling models assume complete cleaning through rain for daily rain sums above a model specific threshold and no cleaning otherwise. However, various studies show that cleaning is often incomplete. This study employs two statistical learning methods to model the cleaning effect of rain, aiming to achieve more accurate results than a simple totally cleaned/no cleaning answer while also considering other parameters besides the rain sum. The models are tested using meteorological and soiling data from 33 measurement stations in West Africa. Linear regression seems to be a good alternative for predicting the reduction in soiling levels after a rainfall.
Self‐Powered Clamp‐On Pyroelectric Tactile Sensor for Intelligent Recognition of Film Materials
Authors: Yin Shengjie , Li Hongyu , Ji Yun , Li Yuke , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya
Published: November 2024

Tactile sensors are a potential solution for material identification. However, current potential tactile sensors for material identification are pressed, expensive, and applications‐confined. Here we report a clamped‐on pyroelectric tactile sensor on the basis of a ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 material to identify different film materials. The fabricated device exhibits different heat absorption capacities while in contact with different materials, leading to a different temperature change in the ferroelectric material under the same illumination. As a result, the device can recognize different materials by comparing the pyroelectric charge via integrating the obtained current under the same irradiation of 365 nm light‐emitting diode. The clamped‐on pyroelectric tactile sensor can identify six individual materials with a high accuracy of 98.8% and a fast response of 40 ms. All of the above processes can be accomplished with an intelligent material identification system. The device provides a new solution for material identification and lays a foundation for smart factories and laboratories.
Aglaia elliptifolia Leaf Extract Inhibits Autophagy‐Related 4B Protease and Suppresses Malignancies of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Shu Chih‐Wen , Chang Chia‐Che , Wu Ya‐Chun , Yang Hsiu‐Chen , Lee Cheng‐Hsin , Dahms Hans‐Uwe , Lin Wei‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Lin , Liu Pei‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Autophagy is a self‐eating pathway for maintaining normal cellular physiology, while dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancer progression. Autophagy‐related 4B gene (ATG4B) is a cysteine protease to regulate autophagosome formation and is positively correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. An increasing number of reports have implied that ATG4B might be an attractive drug target for CRC. Natural products are the most important source of drug development for cancer therapy due to their high degree of diversity in chemical structure. However, there are few natural products targeting autophagy regulation, especially targeting ATG4B. We aim to identify effective natural compounds from costal plants against ATG4B as potential CRC therapies. We extracted the whole plants, stem, and leaves from nine coastal plant species of Taiwan using different solvents including acetone, methanol, or chloroform. We then evaluated their effects on ATG4B activity and cancer malignancy in CRC cells (DLD‐1, HCT116, and SW620). Among these 26 extracts, we found that the methanol leaf extract of A. elliptifolia significantly inhibited ATG4B proteolytic activity. Moreover, cell viability and colony formation and mobility were decreased in CRC cells treated with the extract. The extract further reduced the number of living cells and induced subG1 proportion of CRC cells. The cytotoxicity of A. elliptifolia leaf extract was also enhanced in CRC cells under starvation, whereas it had no additional effects in ATG4B or autophagy deficient cells. Taken together, the methanol leaf extract of A. elliptifolia might contains bioactive compounds for inhibiting ATG4B and autophagy activity to diminish viability and mobility of CRC cells, indicating its potential as an anti‐CRC drug for future development.
Clothianidin Exposure Induces Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage
Authors: Cheng Wei‐long , Zhang Zhi‐hui , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Zhao Guo‐ping , Wang Yan‐bo
Published: November 2024

Clothianidin (CLO) is a high‐frequently detected neonicotinoid pesticide in fruits and vegetables, whose exposure security deserves attention. This study evaluated the apoptotic toxicity of CLO on Caco‐2 cells at doses of 100 nM, 10 μM, and 1 mM. After exposure, CLO induced to a remarkable change of signaling proteins that participated in the process of cell apoptosis, including caspase 3, cleaved‐caspase 3, and caspase 9. CLO treatment further induced a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the protein level of cytochrome C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ were also found elevated, indicating an oxidative damage caused by CLO treatment. Moreover, the production of ROS occurred in advance of Ca2+ elevation, since inhibiting ROS production could recover the elevation of Ca2+ induced by CLO exposure. The protein level of metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) was downregulated after the treatment of CLO. Molecular docking simulation indicated that CLO had good binding characteristics with CYP3A4. Amino acid sites Arg105, Arg130, and Leu373 in CYP3A4, and nitro group and chlorothiazole group in CLO structure might be the potential binding action target. These results indicated that CLO exposure could induce an apoptotic effect on Caco‐2 cells, possibly acting through combining and inhibiting its metabolic enzyme CYP3A4, and then leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Thus, CLO exposure might be a potential risk factor for human intestinal health.
Current landscape of minimally invasive pancreatectomy for neoplasms: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ngongoni Rejoice F. , Mlambo Busisiwe , Shih I‐Fan , Li Yanli , Wren Sherry M.
Published: November 2024

Background

To evaluate recent minimally invasive pancreatectomy (MIP) trends for neoplastic disease and compare perioperative outcomes.

Methods

Patients who underwent open (OS) or MIP (laparoscopic‐LS or robotic‐RS) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or non‐pancreati‐coduodenectomy resections (non‐PD) were identified from PINC AI Healthcare Database. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regressions.

Results

OS was the predominant approach for PD (87.8%); MIP was more common in non‐PD (48.5%) than PD with a substantial RS uptake (11.7%–29.9%). In PDs, outcomes were similar except OS had a longer length of stay (LOS) and lower costs. In non‐PDs, MIP patients were less likely to have prolonged LOS, intensive care unit admission, and overall complications than OS. Conversion to OS was lower in the RS approach than LS in PD and non‐PD.

Conclusions

MIP for non‐PD has become the most common operative approach with improved outcomes; MIP‐PD has flat adoption and similar outcomes to OS. Robotics facilitates MIP (PD and non‐PD) completion through fewer conversions to open surgery (OS).
LigaSure versus conventional Milligan MORGAN hemorrhoidectomy in Nigerian patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids
Authors: Mustapha Babatunde , Alatise Olusegun Isaac , Olasehinde Olalekan , Adisa Adewale , Wuraola Funmilayo Olanike , Mohammed Tajudeen Olakunle , Aderounmu Adewale , Henry Abiyere Omagbeitse , Adesunkanmi AbdulHafiz Oladapo , Adeyeye Ademola , Qozeem Asafa Opeyemi , Mohammed Maigana
Published: November 2024

Background

Hemorrhoidectomy is considered as the most effective approach for patients with grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids; the operative procedure may be associated with significant postoperative pain and other complications. Several surgical techniques and devices have been developed to overcome these postoperative problems.

Objective

To compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes of hemorrhoidectomy performed with the LigaSure and the conventional Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy among Nigerian patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids.

Methodology

All consenting adult patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized to either conventional Milligan–Morgan or LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy. Outcome measures were the duration of the procedure, estimated blood loss, and resolution of symptoms, which were assessed using the Sodergren hemorrhoids severity score (SHSS). Postoperative pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the short‐term recurrence rate was also checked at 3 months.

Data were analyzed using the computer software IBM SPSS version 23.

Results

Fifty‐two patients were randomized equally into the two arms. The median blood loss in the LigaSure group was 10.0 mL, whereas the median blood loss in the Milligan–Morgan group was 26.5 mL, (p = 0.0001). The median postoperative pain at 2 weeks using the VAS was 5.5 in the LigaSure group, and in the Milligan–Morgan group, it was 6.0 (p = 0.002). The mean duration of surgery in the LigaSure group was 18.04 min and 34.19 min in the Milligan–Morgan group (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy is faster and associated with less blood loss compared to conventional Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.
Omission of lymph node dissection along the recurrent laryngeal nerve for lower thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with short esophageal invasion
Authors: Koterazawa Yasufumi , Goto Hironobu , Saiga Hiroshi , Azumi Yuki , Sawada Ryuichiro , Harada Hitoshi , Urakawa Naoki , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kanaji Shingo , Yamashita Kimihiro , Matsuda Takeru , Oshikiri Taro , Kakeji Yoshihiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy is the primary treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, intensive dissection of lymph nodes (LNs) along the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is associated with RLN palsy and pulmonary complications leading to poor survival. Therefore, this study aimed identify the risk factors for LNs metastasis along the RLN in patients with ESCC.

Methods

The present study included 168 patients with lower thoracic esophageal and esophagogastric junction (EGJ) squamous cell carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy with total mediastinal lymphadenectomy at Kobe University Hospital. Left/Right cervical paraesophageal (101 L/R), left/right recurrent nerve (106 recL/R), and left tracheobronchial LNs (106 tbL) were defined as LNs along the RLN. We evaluated the pathological distance between the proximal tumor boundary and the EGJ using images of the fixed specimen (PB‐EGJ length).

Results

LN metastasis along the RLN was observed in 19 (11%) patients. The percentage of patients with a longer PB‐EGJ length and cLNs metastasis was higher in the LNs metastasis along the RLN positive‐group than in the RLN‐negative group (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.013, respectively). The incidence of LNs metastasis along the RLN was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0–7.7%) when the PB‐EGJ length was <4 cm. Univariate analysis showed that patients with cLNs metastasis negative had a low risk for LNs metastasis along the RLN (odds ratio = 0.26 and 95% CI = 0.083–0.82).

Conclusions

Patients with a PB‐EGJ length <4 cm and negative for cLNs metastasis may be candidates for the omission of lymphadenectomy along the RLN.
Transient gravity‐driven flow of a third‐grade fluid (TGF) on an inclined plane with non‐isothermal effects, exothermic reactions, and porous medium influence
Authors: Khan Idrees , Zulkifli Rozli , Chinyoka T. , Ling Zhi , Ahmad Zubair
Published: November 2024

Comprehending the dynamics of reactive viscoelastic third‐grade fluids (VTGF) in gravity‐driven flows along inclined planes is crucial for numerous engineering and industrial applications. This research focuses to explore the transient behavior of such a fluid under non‐isothermal conditions, with an emphasis on the impact of exothermic reactions. The inclined plane region, filled with a porous material of constant permeability, is modeled using a modified version of Darcy's law to account for resistance to flow. The viscosity‐temperature dependence follows the Nahme‐type principle, while convective cooling at the free surface is simulated using Newton's cooling law. The exothermic chemical reaction of the material is described using Arrhenius kinetics. The resulting mathematical model for energy balanced and momentum comprises a set of non‐homogeneous and nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), which are transformed into dimensionless form and solved using semi‐implicit numerical techniques based on finite difference methods (FDM) implemented in Matlab. The study visually examines thermo‐dynamical phenomena such as thermal runaway due to the exothermic reaction and investigates how velocity and temperature respond to variations in system parameters. The numerical findings indicate that the interplay between porous medium, viscosity variation, and thermal effects significantly influences the flow and thermal behavior, providing valuable insights for optimizing and controlling such fluid systems in practical applications.
Computation of stretching disks fluid flow of hybrid nanofluid under the effect of variable magnetic field
Authors: Zada Jan , Khan Aamir , Farooq Muhammad , Alsubaie Abdullah Saad , Rezapour Shahram , Inc Mustafa
Published: November 2024

Our investigation revolves around probing into the entropy generation and heat transfer phenomena within the context of an unsteady flow of variable magnetic hybrid nanofluid confined between parallel disks. This incorporation of carbon nanotubes (both single‐walled and multi‐walled) as nano‐particles dispersed within a blend of water and ethylene glycol (50%W + 50% EG). To gain a comprehensive understanding of the physical behavior exhibited by hybrid nanofluids, we have introduced innovative models tailored explicitly for this fluid classification. This research also investigates a swirling flow generated by the rotational movement of circular disks along the z‐direction. Employing the Buongiorno model, specifically a two‐phase nanofluid model, allows for a detailed examination of the thermal behavior of nanoparticles. This analysis highlights the impact of Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis on temperature and concentration distributions within the system. The numerical outcomes and results derived from this analysis have been computed through the HAM and for accuracy is compared with bvp4c program, providing valuable insights into the thermal behavior and distinctive characteristics of these hybrid nanofluids. The novelty of this work has never been shared or compared with any other method. Hybrid nanofluid as Ethylene Glycol cum water transferring heat and mass in SWCNT and MWCNT respectively observed.
Quantization Rules
Authors: Nair V. Parameswaran
Published: November 2024

Berezin-Toeplitz quantization which is most natural in the context of geometric quantization is introduced. Symbols and star-products are briefly discussed.
Water Reuse in the European Union: Risk Management Approach According to the Regulation (EU) 2020/741
Authors: Maffettone Roberta , Manoli Kyriakos , Drei Pietro , Cacciatori Caterina , Bellini Roberta , Gawlik Bernd Manfred
Published: November 2024

In 2020, the Regulation (EU) 2020/741 on minimum requirements for water reuse in agricultural irrigation was approved with the aim to promote water reuse in the European Union. This regulation outlines minimum water quality and monitoring requirements, permitting and transparency provisions related to water reuse, as well as risk management requirements regarding the safe reuse of treated urban wastewater. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission developed technical guidelines based on established global approaches and European legal frameworks to assess and manage health and environmental risks associated with water reuse. These guidelines were developed with inputs from experts, EU Member State representatives, and stakeholders, and were informed by workshops, consultations, and case studies from various European Member States. This chapter presents the proposed methodology for the preparation of the risk management plan of a water reuse system where reclaimed water is used for agricultural irrigation, according to the elements listed in Annex 2 of the aforementioned regulation on water reuse.
Challenges to Navigation Rights and High Seas Freedoms in the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Beckman Robert
Published: November 2024

This paper analyses the current challenges to navigation rights and high seas freedoms in the Indo-Pacific, with a particular focus on the South China Sea. First, it sets out the possible actions the Indo-Pacific States could take to challenge what they believe are China’s excessive maritime claims that pose a threat to the rules-based legal order set out in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”).
Legal Stability and Change in the Context of the South China Sea Dispute
Authors: Nishimoto Kentaro
Published: November 2024

This chapter considers the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) arguments in a note verbale dated September 18, 2020, where the PRC referred to the necessity of “developing and improving UNCLOS” in response to international criticism regarding its claims in the South China Sea. How the PRC’s narratives on the incompleteness of the UNCLOS regime and the need for development and improvement are relevant to the South China Sea dispute is discussed, against the backdrop of different mechanisms through which UNCLOS has been able to respond to changing circumstances.
State Jurisdiction Over Submarine Pipelines: Southeast Asian Practice from the Relevant Provisions of National Laws
Authors: Vu Hai Dang
Published: November 2024

This Chapter evaluates the practice of Southeast Asia in adopting domestic regulations relating to coastal State’s jurisdiction over submarine pipelines. It does so by reviewing relevant provisions in legislations adopted by nine coastal ASEAN Member States and how they apply to submarine pipelines. The States reviewed are Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. It then provides an overall evaluation of the regional practice to see how the jurisdiction over submarine pipelines in the region is regulated in national laws.
Marine Scientific Research in the Protection of the Marine Environment Under the International Legal Framework: A Sustainable Development Goals Perspective
Authors: Batool Minerva , Chang Yen-Chiang
Published: November 2024

Marine Scientific Research (MSR) under Sustainable Development Goal—14 (SDG 14) has envisioned a new dimension of cooperation for marine environmental protection. This chapter has taken the approach of MSR as provided in SDG 14 to provide a cooperative approach for MSR to protect the marine environment. This chapter analyzes the international law provisions dealing with MSR envisioning cooperation for the protection of the marine environment. The chapter has taken three perspectives of the marine environment: (i) climate change, (ii) fisheries preservation, and (iii) marine protected areas, along with scientific approaches required for marine pollution prevention. The conclusion of this chapter follows the challenges and opportunities for MSR cooperation, which could be a future course of research on the subject matter.
Gravitational Bremsstrahlung in black-hole scattering at $$ \mathcal{O}\left({G}^3\right) $$: linear-in-spin effects
Authors: Bohnenblust Lara , Ita Harald , Kraus Manfred , Schlenk Johannes
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We compute the far-field time-domain waveform of the gravitational waves produced in the scattering of two spinning massive objects. The results include linear-in-spin (S) couplings and first-order gravitational corrections (G3), and are valid for encounters in the weak-field regime. Employing a field-theory framework based on the scattering of massive scalar and vector particles coupled to Einstein-Hilbert gravity, we derive results for leading and the next-to-leading spectral waveforms. We provide analytic expressions for the required scattering data, which include trees, one-loop amplitudes and their cuts. The expressions are extracted from numerical amplitude evaluations with the Caravel program, using analytic reconstruction techniques applied in the classical limit. We confirm a recent prediction for infrared physics of the classical observable, and observe the surprising appearance of a ultraviolet singularity, which drops out in the far-field waveform.
NLO EW and QCD corrections to polarised same-sign WW scattering at the LHC
Authors: Denner Ansgar , Haitz Christoph , Pelliccioli Giovanni
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We present the first calculation of same-sign WW scattering at the LHC in the fully leptonic decay channel including the modelling of polarisation for intermediate electroweak bosons and radiative corrections up to NLO EW+QCD accuracy. The predictions rely on a pole expansion and on the split of polarisation states at matrix-element level. Doubly-polarised and unpolarised signals are investigated together with full off-shell results. A detailed phenomenlogical analysis is carried out focusing on differential observables that discriminate between polarisation states, paving the way for refined polarisation-oriented analyses of vector-boson scattering with Run-3 LHC data.
A multiverse model in T2 dS wedge holography
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Landgren Filip
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We construct a multiverse model where empty AdSd+1 space is cut off by a pair of accelerated dSd space universes, at a finite AdS boundary cutoff which we treat as a T2 deformation in the holographic dual, and one in the AdS interior, the IR brane; and denote the construction as T2 dS wedge holography. We glue together several copies of this configuration along the UV cutoff and the IR branes in a periodic matter. To provide the model with dynamics similar to those of near Nariai black holes used in other multiverse toy models, we specialize to d = 2 and add dS JT gravity as an intrinsic gravity theory on the IR branes. We then study the entanglement entropy with respect to a finite cutoff observer, who finds a Page curve transition due to an entanglement island connecting the UV cutoff and IR brane. This process involves the coarse-graining of information outside the causally accessible region to the observer. Our model provides an explicit realization of entanglement between IR and UV degrees of freedom encoded in the multiverse.
Logarithmic soft theorems and soft spectra
Authors: Alessio Francesco , Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Using universal predictions provided by classical soft theorems, we revisit the energy emission spectrum for gravitational scatterings of compact objects in the low-frequency expansion. We calculate this observable beyond the zero-frequency limit, retaining an exact dependence on the kinematics of the massive objects. This allows us to study independently the ultrarelativistic or massless limit, where we find agreement with the literature, and the small-deflection or post-Minkowskian (PM) limit, where we provide explicit results up to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(G5). These confirm that the high-velocity limit of a given PM order is smoothly connected to the corresponding massless result whenever the latter is analytic in the Newton constant G. We also provide explicit expressions for the waveforms to order ω−1, log ω, ω(log ω)2 in the soft limit, ω → 0, expanded up to sub-subleading PM order, as well as a conjecture for the logarithmic soft terms of the type ωn−1(log ω)n with n ≥ 3.
Topological solitons stabilized by a background gauge field and soliton-anti-soliton asymmetry
Authors: Amari Yuki , Eto Minoru , Nitta Muneto
Published: November 2024

Abstract

We study topological lumps supported by the second homotopy group π2(S2) ⋍ ℤ in a gauged O(3) model without any potential term coupled with a (non)dynamical U(1) gauge field. It is known that gauged-lumps are stable with an easy-plane potential term but are unstable to expand if the model has no potential term. In this paper, we find that these gauged lumps without a potential term can be made stable by putting them in a uniform magnetic field, irrespective of whether the gauge field is dynamical or not. In the case of the non-dynamical gauge field, only either of lumps or anti-lumps stably exists depending on the sign of the background magnetic field, and the other is unstable to shrink to be singular. We also construct coaxial multiple lumps whose size and mass exhibit a behaviour of droplets. In the case of the dynamical gauge field, both the lumps and anti-lumps stably exist with different masses; the lighter (heavier) one corresponds to the (un)stable one in the case of the nondynamical gauge field. We find that a lump behaves as a superconducting ring and traps magnetic field in its inside, with the total magnetic field reduced from the background magnetic field.
Upper Bound for the Grand Canonical Free Energy of the Bose Gas in the Gross–Pitaevskii Limit for General Interaction Potentials
Authors: Caporaletti Marco , Deuchert Andreas
Published: November 2024

We consider a homogeneous Bose gas in the Gross–Pitaevskii limit at temperatures that are comparable to the critical temperature for Bose–Einstein condensation. Recently, an upper bound for the grand canonical free energy was proved in Boccato et al. (SIAM J Math Anal 56(2):2611–2660, 2024) capturing two novel contributions. First, the free energy of the interacting condensate is given in terms of an effective theory describing the probability distribution of the number of condensed particles. Second, the free energy of the thermally excited particles equals that of a temperature-dependent Bogoliubov Hamiltonian. We extend this result to a more general class of interaction potentials, including interactions with a hard core. Our proof follows a different approach than the one in Boccato et al. (SIAM J Math Anal 56(2):2611–2660, 2024): We model microscopic correlations between the particles by a Jastrow factor and exploit a cancellation in the computation of the energy that emerges due to the different length scales in the system.
Study of two-dimensional nonlinear coupled time-space fractional order reaction advection diffusion equations using shifted Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto collocation method
Authors: Anjuman  , Chopra Manish , Das Subir , Altenbach Holm
Published: November 2024

In this article, the nonlinear coupled two-dimensional space-time fractional order reaction-advection–diffusion equations (2D-STFRADEs) with initial and boundary conditions is solved by using Shifted Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto Collocation method (SLGLCM) with fractional derivative defined in Caputo sense. The SLGLC scheme is used to discretize the coupled nonlinear 2D-STFRADEs into the shifted Legendre polynomial roots to convert it to a system of algebraic equations. The efficiency and efficacy of the scheme are confirmed through error analysis while applying the scheme on two existing problems having exact solutions. The impact of advection and reaction terms on the solution profiles for various space and time fractional order derivatives are shown graphically for different particular cases. A drive has been made to study the convergence of the proposed scheme, which has been applied on the proposed mathematical model.
Gap filling between GRACE and GRACE-FO missions: assessment of interpolation techniques
Authors: Lecomte Hugo , Rosat Severine , Mandea Mioara
Published: November 2024

We propose a benchmark for comparing gap-filling techniques used on global time-variable gravity field time-series. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the GRACE Follow-On missions provide products to study the Earth’s time-variable gravity field. However, the presence of missing months in the measurements poses challenges for understanding specific Earth processes through the gravity field. We reproduce, adapt, and compare satellite-monitoring and interpolation techniques for filling these missing months in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On products on a global scale. Satellite-monitoring techniques utilize solutions from Swarm and satellite laser ranging, while interpolation techniques rely on GRACE and/or Swarm solutions. We assess a wide range of interpolation techniques, including least-squares fitting, principal component analysis, singular spectrum analysis, multichannel singular spectrum analysis, auto-regressive models, and the incorporation of prior data in these techniques. To inter-compare these techniques, we employ a remove-and-restore approach, removing existing GRACE products and predicting missing months using interpolation techniques. We provide detailed comparisons of the techniques and discuss their strengths and limitations. The auto-regressive interpolation technique delivers the best score according to our evaluation metric. The interpolation based on a least-squares fitting of constant, trend, annual, and semi-annual cycles offers a simple and effective prediction with a good score. Through this assessment, we establish a starting benchmark for gap-filling techniques in Earth’s time-variable gravity field analysis.
SU(2)-Equivariant Quantum Channels: Semiclassical Analysis
Authors: Aschieri Tommaso , Ruba Błażej , Solovej Jan Philip
Published: November 2024

We study completely positive and trace-preserving equivariant maps between operators on irreducible representations of $${{\,\textrm{SU}\,}}(2)$$

SU

(
2
)

. We find asymptotic approximations of channels in the limit of large output representation and we compute traces of functions of channel outputs. Our main tool is quantization using coherent states. We provide quantitative error bounds for various semiclassical formulas satisfied by quantizations of functions on the sphere.