bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ozono por efecto tracking en líneas de medio y alto voltaje en el crecimiento de la Lonicera periclymenum
Authors: Briones-Pacheco Omar , Andaluz-Granda Lenin
Published: May 2024

El presente articulo expone los resultados centrados en el impacto del ozono generado por efecto tracking en el aislamiento de líneas de medio y alto voltaje en el desarrollo de la vida vegetal ocurridos en la Subestación Eléctrica Portoviejo 1 de CNEL EP Manabí. El experimento destacó la aceleración del crecimiento de plantas cercanas a dos transformadores de potencia de 69 a 13.8 kV y de 16 a 20 MVA, para demostrarlo se emplearon 2 grupos con 4 ejemplares cada uno de la planta trepadora Madreselva Lonicera periclymenum, uno influenciado con ozono en cantidad de 1.1 ppm y otro sin ello, aplicando como medios de ejecución un generador y medidor de O3 y como medios de obtención de datos cualitativos la observación diaria del comportamiento de los sujetos estudiados respecto a sus cambios visibles y dirección de crecimiento y cuantitativos la medición del largo y ancho del tallo y el área foliar de las hojas más grandes de cada individuo  usando el flexómetro, pie de rey y cinta métrica como instrumentos. Las conclusiones arrojadas del experimento exhibieron satisfactoriamente que el grupo con ozono (grupo A) mostró un efectivo avance de crecimiento frente al que no estuvo expuesto a este comprobando sus beneficios en la vegetación por su poder de desinfección de diversas plagas y por la aportación de oxígeno puro permitiendo un desarrollo sano y explicando por qué estás crecen en dirección a este gas.
The Impact of Individualism/Collectivism and Masculinity/Femininity on Brand Loyalty: A Mediation Role of Perceived Ease of Use
Authors: Mohamed Zakaria Abdiwali
Published: May 2024

Cultural dimensions have varying impacts on brand loyalty. This signifies that each cultural dimension is associated with brand loyalty in different ways. The influence of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity dimensions on brand loyalty is dependent on the levels of these dimensions in different countries. Given the significance of cultural dimensions in relation to brand loyalty, this study aims to investigate the impact of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity on brand loyalty, while also exploring the mediating role of perceived ease of use. The data for this study was collected through an online survey questionnaire, with a total of 501 respondents participating. The collected data was analyzed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the study revealed that both individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity dimensions have significant effects on brand loyalty. Additionally, the study indicated that masculinity/femininity dimension significantly impacts perceived ease of use. Furthermore, the study found that perceived ease of use partially mediates the relationship between masculinity/femininity dimensions and brand loyalty. Perceived ease of use was also found to have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. This study contributes to the existing literature on brand loyalty by providing insights into the effects of individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity on brand loyalty. Additionally, it contributes to understanding the mediating effect of perceived ease of use in the relationship between individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and brand loyalty.
Lanskap Linguistik Sebagai Konstruksi Simbolik di Ruang Publik Pada Pameran Kontemporer Narawandira di Karaton Yogyakarta Hadiningra
Authors: Amrina Lia Amalia , Santoso Adhitya Rechandy Christian
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini mengungkap penggunaan bahasa dalam informasi yang menjelaskan pameran kontemporer Narawandira (Karaton, alam, dan kesinambungan) di Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat dari sudut pandang lanskap bahasa. Dalam penelitian ini membahas mengenai variasi bahasa yang digunakan serta makna yang terkandung dalam setiap gambar di pameran kontemporer narawandira. Data didapatkan dari lima puluh gambar yang diambil dari pameran kontemporer tersebut kemudian diklasifikasikan dan dianalisis berdasarkan variasi bahasa dan makna. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Narawandira di Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat menggunakan tanda-tanda multibahasa untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang pameran kontemporer yang membahas tentang alam dan Karaton. Namun, beberapa tanda bilingual (bahasa Indonesia dan Inggris) dan simbol-simbol aksara Jawa lebih dominan. Multibahasa (Inggris, Jawa, dan Indonesia) digunakan untuk pelestarian bahasa dan memberikan informasi satu arah kepada wisatawan mancanegara. Hal ini juga merupakan tanda komposisi sosiolinguistik di kota Yogyakarta, yang sebagian besar merupakan kawasan cagar budaya.
Efektivitas Model Multiliterasi Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Pemahaman Materi Cerita Rakyat
Authors: Firdausiyah Mardiana , Kironoratri Lintang , Ermawati Diana
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model multiliterasi terhadap kemampuan membaca pemahaman khususnya materi cerita rakyat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 3 sekolah dasar, yaitu di SD 1 Klumpit, SD 6 Klumpit dan SD 3 Padurenan, dengan jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode pretest-posttest. Teknik pengambilan sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni teknik sampling jenuh, dengan jumlah populasi siswa kelas IV adalah 56 siswa berasal dari 3 sekolahan terdiri dari 36 siswa laki-laki dan 20 siswa perempuan. Rata-rata nilai pretest kemampuan membaca pemahaman adalah mencapai 49-53. Sedangkan rata-rata nilai posttest kemampuan membaca pemahaman adalah mencapai 82-87. Hasil uji normalitas nilai pretest posttest memperole hasil sig>0,05 dengan data pretest 0.198 , 0.396, 0.184 dan data posttes 0.816, 0.510, 0.508 sehingga Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak.. Uji N-gain dari selisih nilai pretest dan posttest diperoleh nilai 0,65 (SD 1 Klumpit) dan 0,67 (SD 3 Padurenan) 0,3≤g≤0,7 dengan kriteria peningkatan sedang, 0,75 (SD 6 Klumpit) g≥0,7 dengan kriteria peningkatan tinggi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat keefektifan penggunaan model  multiliterasi terhadap kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa dalam materi cerita rakyat
Citra dan Cinta "Kartini" pada Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Rohman Muh. Fatoni
Published: May 2024

Sastra merupakan gagasan penulis yang berasal dari pemikiran sosial berdasarkan lingkungan tempat tinggal dan pengalaman yang diperolehnya. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini bagaimana dimensi karakter tokoh perempuan “Kartini” dalam Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja dan bagaimana pendangan tokoh laki-laki terhadap tokoh perempuan dalam Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja. Tujuan penulisan untuk mendeskripsikan dimensi karakter tokoh perempuan “Kartini” dan Kekerasan rumah tangga yang Dialami oleh Tokoh “Kartini” dalam Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penulisan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kritik sastra feminisme dalam Novel Achdiat K. Mihardja. Dengan demikian, dapat diperoleh gambaran dimensi karakter tokoh perempuan “Kartini”, dan bagaimana penyebab permasalahan yang dialami oleh tokoh Kartini dalam Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja. Hasil dari penulisan ini mendapatkan dimensi psikologis, dan dimensi sosiologis pada tokoh Kartini dalam Novel Atheis karya Achdiat K. Mihardja serta penyebab permasalahan yang dialami oleh tokoh Kartini seperti kekerasan fisik, kekerasan seksual, kekerasan psikologis dalam Novel Atheis Karya Achdiat K. Mihardja, dsb.
Tantangan dan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing (BIPA) Terhadap Kemampuan Berbahasa Indonesia Pada Siswa/Siswi di Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK) Sekolah Wesley Malang
Authors: Kii Agustinus Ama , Susilawati Lis , Muliyono Nurwakhid
Published: May 2024

Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini  untuk menjelaskan tentang tantangan dan strategi dalam proses pembelajaran BIPA kepada para pemelajaran yang ada di Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK) Sekolah Wesley Malang. Proses pembelajaran BIPA yang dinamis akan membuat para pengajar untuk terus berkreatifitas dalam menghadapi tantangan dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan meningkatkan kualitas guru yang berkompeten, menguasai IPTEK, mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik dan efektif akan mendukung proses pembelajaran yang berinovatif, berinteraktif serta atraktif dalam pembelajaran BIPA khususnya pada siswa-siswi yang mengikuti pendidikan di Satuan Pendidikan Kerjasama (SPK) Wesley. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh berdasarkan dari hasil wawancara dan observasi yang dilakukan pada siswa SD sampai SMA di SPK Sekolah Wesley. Hasil dari tantangan dan strategi dari penelitian ini akan dideskripsikan dalam pembelajaran BIPA untuk siswa-sisiwi yang menempuh pendidikan di SPK Sekolah Wesley. Para pengajar BIPA selalu menghadapi tantangan ketika melaksanakan program pembelajaran BIPA di SPK Sekolah Wesley diantaranya tidak ditemukan pemerataan dalam motivasi siswa, usia yang berbeda dan sifat dan sikap siswa-siswi yang belum dewasa. Tantangan lainnya yaitu kesulitan para pengajar BIPA untuk meyakinkan kepada orang tua siswa bahwa penting dan manfaatnya mempelajari Bahasa Indonesia. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah diatas yaitu menyiapkan kemampuan yang lebih terhadap para pengajar secara maksimal dalam kreatifitas dan kemandirian. Para pengajar mampu mengakplikasikan pengajaran yang menyenangkan (joyfull learning) yaitu dengan pengajaran lewat proyek. Dengan kegiatan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan akan membuat para pemelajar berkreasi dan menstimulasi para pemelajar itu sendiri. Selain itu dapat mengarahkan cara berpikir pemelajar dan orang tua tentang betapa penting dan bermanfaatnya mempelajari bahasa Indonesia.
Framing Pemberitaan Dukun Pengganda Uang Banjarnegara Program Berita Jawa Tengah (Model Pendekatan Robert Entman
Authors: Hidayah Restu Novi , Ulfiyani Siti , Arifin Zainal
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan guna menganalisis strategi penyajian berita oleh program Jawa Tengah Hari Ini di TVRI Jawa Tengah dalam membentuk persepsi masyarakat. Penelitian ini juga ditujukan guna mengeksplorasi pandangan masyarakat terhadap berita yang disampaikan melalui media televisi. Metode yang dipergunakan yaitu pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif melalui penerapan teknik menyimak tingkat lanjut yang dikenal dengan istilah menyimak bebas dan terampil. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan April 2023, dengan fokus pada liputan mengenai kasus seorang dukun yang diduga terlibat dalam sebuah pembunuhan. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi empat fase berbeda yang meliputi: (1) pemaparan kasus dukun yang mengklaim sebagai pencipta kekayaan namun terlibat dalam pembunuhan, (2) penyingkapan jumlah korban yang menjadi mangsa pembunuhan, (3) identifikasi korban, dan (4) penelusuran status dukun tersebut sebagai tersangka dan saksi dalam kasus tersebut.
Kata kunci: framing, TVRI Jawa Tengah, dukun ST, pembunuhan
Scottish Performance in the Programme for International Student Assessment, 2006–2022: Falling Attainment and Rising Inequality
Authors: Paterson Lindsay
Published: May 2024

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), run by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), is the largest regular investigation of school students’ attainment globally. It has been conducted usually every three years since 2006, measuring attainment of 15-year-olds in reading, mathematics and science. It also records wide-ranging information about students’ social characteristics and about their experience of school. The most recent round, in 2022, showed Scottish attainment to have fallen in all three domains. Although the decline since 2018 was partly due to the disruption caused by the Covid pandemic, this was not the whole explanation because Scottish scores have been falling since 2006. At the same time, social inequality has been widening. The paper summarises the evidence on this, and, by comparing the Scottish results with those in England, considers whether part of the explanation might be the different policies on the school curriculum in the two systems.
Sustainable Art Practice: The Future of Biodesign Education
Authors: Ostia Lolo
Published: May 2024

Biodesign represents a convergence of art, biotechnology, and sustainability, necessitating a cultivation of curiosity within educational and informal learning environments to foster its development. Notably, Generation Z demonstrates a significant interest in sustainability, with climate change ranking as their top environmental concern. This underscores the urgency of addressing pressing ecological issues. Regenerative design and zero waste practices are not fleeting trends but enduring movements, emphasizing the need for sustainable approaches in design. Growing Biodesigners involves integrating traditional artistic education with fundamental laboratory skills, equipping students with both creative and technical proficiencies. Innovation within Biodesign stems from the intersection of aesthetics and utilitarianism, encouraging a reexamination of humanity's relationship with the natural world and prompting novel solutions inspired by biological systems. However, the expansion of Biodesign faces challenges, primarily rooted in the limited accessibility of research, which is often confined within academic circles and presented in formats daunting to those outside academia. To overcome these barriers, achieving a truly interdisciplinary ecosystem is essential, necessitating engagement with communities beyond traditional disciplines of design, art, and science. By involving diverse populations, fresh perspectives are brought to the table, and valuable folkloric knowledge is unlocked, enriching Biodesign research and advancing sustainability within artistic practices.
Analizando el protocolo SPIKES desde la perspectiva del paciente oncológico
Authors: Solana Lopez Irene , Meilan Uzcategui Manuel , Martínez Moreno Elia , Juez Martel Ignacio , Gutiérrez Abad David , Lahoz León Elena , Mateo Rodríguez Olga , Martínez Moreno Jaime , De Zea Luque Carlos , Martín Fernández de Soignie Ana Manuela , Escalona Martín Fatima , Santana Gómez Isabel , Guerra Martínez Juan Antonio
Published: May 2024

Introducción: Establecer una adecuada comunicación forma parte del proceso terapéutico y del abordaje integral del paciente oncológico. El protocolo SPIKES emite una serie de recomendaciones generales destinadas a facilitar este proceso. No existe hasta la fecha un cuestionario que permita personalizar de una manera sistematizada la comunicación de malas noticias. Existen estudios que apoyan la hipótesis de que la personalidad influye en los modos comunicativos. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue intentar establecer matices en el protocolo SPIKES con base en los rasgos de personalidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio unicéntrico, observacional, prospectivo, descriptivo y correlacional, realizado sobre una muestra de 51 pacientes oncológicos con base en un cuestionario de personalidad y un cuestionario de comunicación, el cual se basa a su vez en el protocolo SPIKES. Resultados: Las puntuaciones registradas en todos los dominios del cuestionario de comunicación fueron elevadas. Ninguna correlación con los dominios del cuestionario de personalidad resultó significativa. Conclusiones: Existen determinadas necesidades tendentes a la universalidad en torno a la comunicación de malas noticias que el protocolo SPIKES recoge adecuadamente, por lo que puede considerarse el gold standard. No se pueden establecer matices en este cuestionario en función de los rasgos de personalidad con base en los resultados de este trabajo. En la fase de estrategia, conviene prestar atención a la planificación vital y familiar en el seno de la enfermedad oncológica.
Esophageal pressure monitoring and its clinical significance in severe blast lung injury
Authors: Shao Shifeng , Wu Zhengbin , Wang Yi , Wang Yaoli , Wang Zhen , Ye Huan , Zhao Hui
Published: May 2024

Background

The incidence of blast lung injury (BLI) has been escalating annually due to military conflicts and industrial accidents. Currently, research into these injuries predominantly uses animal models. Despite the availability of various models, there remains a scarcity of studies focused on monitoring respiratory mechanics post-BLI. Consequently, our objective was to develop a model for monitoring esophageal pressure (Pes) following BLI using a biological shock tube (BST), aimed at providing immediate and precise monitoring of respiratory mechanics parameters post-injury.

Methods

Six pigs were subjected to BLI using a BST, during which Pes was monitored. We assessed vital signs; conducted blood gas analysis, hemodynamics evaluations, and lung ultrasound; and measured respiratory mechanics before and after the inflicted injury. Furthermore, the gross anatomy of the lungs 3 h post-injury was examined, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was conducted on the injured lung tissues for further analysis.

Results

The pressure in the experimental section of the BST reached 402.52 ± 17.95 KPa, with a peak pressure duration of 53.22 ± 1.69 ms. All six pigs exhibited an anatomical lung injury score ≥3, and pathology revealed classic signs of severe BLI. Post-injury vital signs showed an increase in HR and SI, along with a decrease in MAP (p < 0.05). Blood gas analyses indicated elevated levels of Lac, CO2-GAP, A-aDO2, HB, and HCT and reduced levels of DO2, OI, SaO2, and OER (p < 0.05). Hemodynamics and lung ultrasonography findings showed increased ELWI, PVPI, SVRI, and lung ultrasonography scores and decreased CI, SVI, GEDI, and ITBI (p < 0.05). Analysis of respiratory mechanics revealed increased Ppeak, Pplat, Driving P, MAP, PEF, Ri, lung elastance, MP, Ptp, Ppeak − Pplat, and ΔPes, while Cdyn, Cstat, and time constant were reduced (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

We have successfully developed a novel respiratory mechanics monitoring model for severe BLI. This model is reliable, repeatable, stable, effective, and user-friendly. Pes monitoring offers a non-invasive and straightforward alternative to blood gas analysis, facilitating early clinical decision-making. Our animal study lays the groundwork for the early diagnosis and management of severe BLI in clinical settings.
Changes in gastrocnemius MTU stiffness and their correlation with plantar pressure in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Li Feng , Guo Jiayi , Zhang Zhijie
Published: May 2024

Background

Abnormal, excessive, and repetitive knee load is a critical risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). The gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit (MTU) interacts with foot biomechanics and is vital in cushioning the knee load. Abnormal gastrocnemius activation and plantar pressure during walking in patients with knee OA may negatively affect gastrocnemius MTU stiffness, increasing knee load. Few studies investigated the relationship between gastrocnemius MTU stiffness and plantar pressure. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in gastrocnemius MTU stiffness in patients with knee OA and their correlations with plantar pressure and clinical symptoms.

Methods

Thirty women patients with unilateral knee OA and 30 healthy women participants were recruited. Shear wave elastography was used to quantify gastrocnemius MTU stiffness in ankle resting and anatomical 0° positions, defined as natural and neutral positions in this study. A plantar pressure analysis system was used to collect the plantar pressure parameters on the symptomatic side in patients with knee OA. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were used to measure the severity of clinical symptoms.

Results

Medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG and LG) stiffness on both the asymptomatic and symptomatic sides in patients with knee OA was increased compared with that in healthy participants. The MG and LG optimal cutoff stiffness in the natural position was 15.73 kPa and 14.25 kPa, respectively. The optimal cutoff stiffness in the neutral position was 36.32 kPa and 25.43 kPa, respectively, with excellent sensitivity and specificity. The MG and LG stiffness were positively correlated with the percentages of anterior and medial plantar pressure and negatively correlated with the length of pressure center path. The LG and MG were significantly correlated with WOMAC and VAS scores.

Conclusion

Patients with knee OA have increased gastrocnemius muscle stiffness, closely related to plantar pressure and clinical symptoms. Monitoring the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with knee OA can provide an essential basis for its prevention and treatment.
Influential factors for risk assessment and allocation on complex design-build infrastructure projects; the Texas experience
Authors: Demetracopoulou Vassiliki , O’Brien William J. , Khwaja Nabeel
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The design-build (DB) delivery method is used to deliver increasingly complex transportation infrastructure projects associated with higher uncertainty. As such, allocating risks in the contract between the owner and design-builder becomes challenging and often leads to higher initial bids, increased contingency, or claims. Learnings from implementation worldwide have underlined the need for improving risk allocation in DB contracts. Most existing studies address risk allocation mechanisms to manage contingency at the contract level. Other studies have recognized the need for owners to adapt their processes to better allocate risks in DB contracts. This study explored the influential factors for risk assessment and allocation for complex DB infrastructure projects, addressing the opportunity to improve transportation owners’ risk allocation processes before the design-builder is selected and the DB contract is awarded.

Method: The objectives of this work were achieved by utilizing empirical data collected through 20 interviews with Texas Department of Transportation and private sector experts. The interview data were analyzed using inductive and axial coding. Inductive coding allowed themes to emerge without a pre-existing framework, identifying six influential factors and six pertinent risks on complex DB projects.

Results: These factors include the (i) Quality of DB teams, (ii) Level of up-front investigation, (iii) Limitations on the timing of letting, (iv) Design optimization opportunities, (v) Project-specific requirements, and (vi) Relationships with third parties. Through axial coding, the interaction and frequency between the factors and risks were also examined. The coded interactions demonstrated how the identified factors influence allocation for six pertinent risks including right-of-way acquisition, stakeholder approval, site conditions, permits and third-party agreements, railroad interaction, and utility adjustments and coordination. Findings indicate that the evaluation of these interactions can shift the risk allocation from baseline norms established by an agency to correspond to project-specific needs.

Contribution: In contributing to the infrastructure project management, this is the first study to examine the factors that influence risk allocation in complex DB projects and examine interactions with pertinent risks, setting the foundation for optimizing allocation based on project-specific needs. In practice, the findings presented in this study can guide owners in adapting their allocation practices, managing, and developing their strategic plan for delivering complex DB projects. The findings can also assist contractors in pricing risks more efficiently and increase competitive bidding.
Bond-slip behavior of steel reinforcing bars in ultra-high performance concrete for field-cast connection of precast bridge decks
Authors: Shokrgozar Ali , Aryal Bipin , Ebrahimpour Arya , Mashal Mustafa
Published: May 2024

In Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC), Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is often used for connecting precast concrete bridge components, including deck portions of the Deck Bulb-T girders. An alternative low-cost non-proprietary UHPC has been proposed for use in place of the proprietary UHPC for connecting the precast components. The pullout behavior of steel reinforcing bars in closure pour with typical range for embedment lengths is studied for both proprietary and non-proprietary UHPC materials.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease with a left-to-right shunt: phenotypic spectrum and approach to management
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Constantine Andrew , Chessa Massimo , Dimopoulos Konstantinos
Published: May 2024

Patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with a left-right shunt include a wide spectrum of pathophysiological substrates, ranging from those characterized by pulmonary over-circulation to those with advanced pulmonary vascular disease. The former group may benefit from shunt repair in carefully selected cases but, when advanced pulmonary vascular disease has developed, defect closure should be avoided, and pulmonary vasodilators may be used to improve effort tolerance and hemodynamics. There is a paucity of evidence, however, to support decision-making in the care of these patients. We discuss the principles of management in patients with pulmonary hypertension and a predominant left-right shunt. The recommendations and statements made in this paper are based on pathophysiological considerations and expert opinion.
Association between types of antihypertensive medication and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population study
Authors: Choi JungMin , Lee So-Ryoung , Choi Eue-Keun , Lee Kyung-Yeon , Ahn Hyo-Jeong , Kwon Soonil , Kim Bongseong , Han Kyung-Do , Oh Seil , Lip Gregory Y. H.
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with hypertension are at a high risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent research has indicated the varying effects of antihypertensive medications on developing AF.

Objectives

We investigated the relationship between different types of antihypertensive medications and the risk of AF occurrence.

Methods

We analyzed data from 113,582 subjects with national health screening examinations between 2009 and 2014. The study population was categorized according to antihypertensive medication type. The primary outcome was the incidence of AF.

Results

Among 113,582 subjects (mean age 59.4 ± 12.0 years, 46.7% men), 93,557 received monotherapy [angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCB), or diuretics], while 34,590 received combination therapy (ARB/beta-blockers, ARB/CCB, ARB/diuretics, or ARB/CCB/diuretics). During a mean follow-up duration of 7.6 ± 2.1 years, 3.9% of patients were newly diagnosed with AF. In monotherapy, ACEi and CCB had similar AF risks as ARB, while beta-blockers and diuretics showed higher AF risks than ARB. In combination therapy, ARBs/CCBs and ARBs/diuretics had the lowest AF risk, whereas ARBs/beta-blockers had the highest compared to ARB/CCB. Among the specific ARBs, the AF risk varied insignificantly, except for telmisartan and candesartan.

Conclusions

In hypertensive patients receiving monotherapy, ACEi and CCB showed a similar AF risk as ARBs, while beta-blockers and diuretics were associated with a higher risk. Among those receiving combination therapy, ARBs/CCBs and ARBs/diuretics had the lowest AF risk, whereas ARBs/beta-blockers showed the highest risk. Various types of ARBs have different associations with AF risk.
A comprehensive investigation of clustering algorithms for User and Entity Behavior Analytics
Authors: Artioli Pierpaolo , Maci Antonio , Magrì Alessio
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Government agencies are now encouraging industries to enhance their security systems to detect and respond proactively to cybersecurity incidents. Consequently, equipping with a security operation center that combines the analytical capabilities of human experts with systems based on Machine Learning (ML) plays a critical role. In this setting, Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) platforms can effectively handle network-related events to trigger cybersecurity alerts. Furthermore, a SIEM may include a User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) engine that examines the behavior of both users and devices, or entities, within a corporate network.

Methods

In recent literature, several contributions have employed ML algorithms for UEBA, especially those based on the unsupervised learning paradigm, because anomalous behaviors are usually not known in advance. However, to shorten the gap between research advances and practice, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the effectiveness of these methodologies. This paper proposes a thorough investigation of traditional and emerging clustering algorithms for UEBA, considering multiple application contexts, i.e., different user-entity interaction scenarios.

Results and discussion

Our study involves three datasets sourced from the existing literature and fifteen clustering algorithms. Among the compared techniques, HDBSCAN and DenMune showed promising performance on the state-of-the-art CERT behavior-related dataset, producing groups with a density very close to the number of users.
Soil CO2 flux maps as tools to reduce the risk on soil diffuse degassing areas
Authors: Viveiros Fátima , Silva Catarina , Goulart Catarina , Gaspar João L. , Ferreira Teresa
Published: May 2024

Carbon dioxide released permanently from soils in diffuse degassing areas may constitute a permanent hazard for the population. Several villages in the Azores archipelago (Portugal) are placed in areas with anomalous soil CO2 degassing and lethal indoor CO2 concentration (>10 vol%) has been already recorded in some buildings. The 2021-2022 dislodgements of population at Vulcano (Italy) and La Palma (Spain) volcanic islands due to high soil CO2 degassing highlight the importance of defining criteria to produce human CO2 exposure risk maps, which are useful to mitigate the risk and should constitute valuable tools for land-use planners. Risk is assessed in the current study by combining susceptibility, exposure, and vulnerability maps. The defined criteria were applied to two villages in Furnas Volcano (São Miguel Island, Azores), showing that 58% and 98% of the buildings, respectively, at Furnas and Ribeira Quente villages are at high risk of CO2 exposure.
Two-layer iterative energy dispatch for a multi-energy-flow VPP in the distribution power grid
Authors: Li Wanbin , Zhou Zaiyan , Zhang Yuqi , Jin Guiyue , Wang Wenxin , Ren Yanchao , Wan Yuchao , Liu Yimin , Liu Chunxiu
Published: May 2024

In light of the growing urgency surrounding energy and environmental concerns, this paper presents a two-layer iterative energy dispatch strategy tailored for a multi-energy-flow virtual power plant (VPP) operating within the distribution power grid. The proposed strategy unfolds in two key phases. First, it establishes an energy dispatch framework designed specifically for the multi-energy-flow VPP within the distribution power grid. Subsequently, it introduces an improved ant colony algorithm aimed at optimizing the output power of each VPP. In addition, the paper presents an optimization method for substation energy dispatch. This method uses a delay-aware consensus algorithm with the substation dispatch cost increment rate as the consensus variable, taking into account the communication delay between VPPs. Integrating a proportional–derivative (PD) control mechanism enhances the convergence speed of the delay-aware consensus algorithm and enables real-time energy dispatch of the multi-energy-flow VPP. The paper presents its conclusions by validating the efficacy of the proposed approach through simulation, thereby addressing the challenges and adapting to the shifting energy and environmental landscape.
I-V response test of 60–150 W mono-crystalline solar panel
Authors: Awoyinka T. D. , David T. W. , Somefun T. E. , Somefun C. T. , Orovwode H. E.
Published: May 2024

This work investigates the discrepancies in electrical parameters of mono-crystalline solar panels between Ago-Iwoye weather conditions and the manufacturer’s specified ideal conditions. Manufacturer’s specifications are typically based on 1,000 W/m2 global solar irradiance, AM 1.5, and 25°C operating temperature, while actual weather conditions at installation sites can vary significantly. Mono-crystalline (single-crystal) silicon solar panels of capacities 60, 80, 100, and 150 W were evaluated through current-voltage (I-V) response tests at an installation site in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, with solar irradiance exposure from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. The analysis of I-V and P-V curves revealed a significant reduction in maximum power output by 28.6%, 25.9%, 28.9%, and 19.36%, respectively, compared to the manufacturer’s stated values. This deviation underscores the importance of considering local weather conditions during solar PV projects, and we recommend adding an additional 20%–30% of the total solar panel capacity during installations to account for variations in solar irradiance and operating temperatures, ensuring optimal performance and effective solar power generation in Ago-Iwoye and similar areas.
Research on the application of deep learning techniques in stock market prediction and investment decision-making in financial management
Authors: Zhao Rui , Lei Zhenhua , Zhao Ziyu
Published: May 2024

Introduction: This paper introduces a deep learning approach based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Networks (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism for stock market prediction and investment decision making in financial management. These methods leverage the advantages of deep learning to capture complex patterns and dependencies in financial time series data. Stock market prediction and investment decision-making have always been important issues in financial management.

Methods: Traditional statistical models often struggle to handle nonlinear relationships and complex temporal dependencies, thus necessitating the use of deep learning methods to improve prediction accuracy and decision effectiveness. This paper adopts a hybrid deep learning model incorporating CNN, BiLSTM, and attention mechanism. CNN can extract meaningful features from historical price or trading volume data, while BiLSTM can capture dependencies between past and future sequences. The attention mechanism allows the model to focus on the most relevant parts of the data. These methods are integrated to create a comprehensive stock market prediction model. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods through experiments on real stock market data. Compared to traditional models, the deep learning model utilizing CNN, BiLSTM, and attention mechanism demonstrates superior performance in stock market prediction and investment decision-making.

Results and Discussion: Through ablation experiments on the dataset, our deep learning model achieves the best performance across all metrics. For example, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is 15.20, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is 4.12%, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 2.13, and the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is 4.56. This indicates that these methods can predict stock market trends and price fluctuations more accurately, providing financial managers with more reliable decision guidance. This research holds significant implications for the field of financial management. It offers investors and financial institutions an innovative approach to better understand and predict stock market behavior, enabling them to make wiser investment decisions.
Compensation characterization of the UPQC system under an improved nonlinear controller based on the MSTOGI-PLL device
Authors: Yu Yuting , Li Dan , Chu Yanting
Published: May 2024

To solve the delay problem of a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system during the separation of the fundamental positive-order components and to better filter out the DC and harmonic components to realize accurate phase locking, a mixed second- and third-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (MSTOGI-PLL) has been designed to replace the traditional synchronous reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL). Under the premise of adopting the new phase-locking device of MSTOGI-PLL, the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) controller or the super-twisting algorithm (STA) sliding mode controller is used in the DC voltage control module instead of the traditional PI controller, and the suitability of the two nonlinear controllers with the MSTOGI-PLL device is investigated. First, the new MSTOGI-PLL device is designed, and the new phase-locking method is applied to make the UPQC realize accurate phase locking under the non-ideal situation of the grid voltage containing unbalance, DC component, harmonics, and so on. Based on the above foundation, the ADRC or STA controller is independently adopted to replace the PI controller to construct the UPQC system with the ADRC + MSTOGI phase-locking device and the second-order STA + MSTOGI phase-locking device. Finally, a simulation comparison is carried out in a Simulink simulation platform regarding the UPQC system under different phase-locking devices, and the simulation results demonstrate that MSTOGI-PLL can successfully filter out the DC component and resolve the phase-locking process delay issue. Additionally, the UPQC system with ADRC + MSTOGI-PLL exhibits superior immunity and response speed to the PI controller and the second-order STA controller.
206,977 newborn screening results reveal the ethnic differences in the spectrum of inborn errors of metabolism in Huaihua, China
Authors: Xiao Gang , Feng Zonghui , Xu Chaochao , Huang Xuzhen , Chen Maosheng , Zhao Min , Li Yanbin , Gao Yang , Wu Shulin , Shen Yuyan , Peng Ying
Published: May 2024

Background

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare diseases caused by inherited defects in various biochemical pathways that strongly correlate with early neonatal mortality and stunting. Currently, no studies have reported on the incidence of IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in Huaihua, China.

Methods

A total of 206,977 neonates with self-reported ethnicity who underwent IEM screening at Huaihua from 2015 to 2021 were selected for observation. Among them, 69 suspected IEM-positive neonates were referred for urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, biochemical detection, next-generation sequencing, and Sanger sequencing.

Results

Sixty-nine newborns were diagnosed with IEMs, with an overall incidence of 1:3,000. The two most common disorders were 2-methylbutyryl glycinuria (1:7,137) and phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency (1:22,997). Moreover, the incidence of IEMs in the minority ethnic group (Miao, Dong, Tujia and Yao) (1:1,852) was markedly higher than in the Han ethnic group (1:4,741). Some ethnic features variants were identified; NM_001609.4:c.1165A>G in the ACADSB gene for Miao and Dong ethnic groups, NM_014251.2:c.852_855del in the SLC25A13 gene for Miao ethnic groups.

Conclusion

This study revealed the IEM incidence within the minority ethnic groups is markedly higher than among the Han nationality and the gene variant spectrum is dramatically different in Huaihua, China. Hence, It serves as a theoretical reference for the screening and diagnosing of neonatal IEMs of multi-ethnic groups in the Huaihua area, and across China.
Deciphering male influence in gynogenetic Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. pengsenensis): insights from Nanopore sequencing of structural variations
Authors: Chen Qianhui , Wu Biyu , Li Chao , Ding Liyun , Huang Shiting , Wang Junjie , Zhao Jun
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigate gynogenetic reproduction in Pengze Crucian Carp (Carassius auratusvar.pengsenensis) using third-generation Nanopore sequencing to uncover structural variations (SVs) in offspring. Our objective was to understand the role of male genetic material in gynogenesis by examining the genomes of both parents and their offspring. We discovered a notable number of male-specific structural variations (MSSVs): 1,195 to 1,709 MSSVs in homologous offspring, accounting for approximately 0.52%–0.60% of their detected SVs, and 236 to 350 MSSVs in heterologous offspring, making up about 0.10%–0.13%. These results highlight the significant influence of male genetic material on the genetic composition of offspring, particularly in homologous pairs, challenging the traditional view of asexual reproduction. The gene annotation of MSSVs revealed their presence in critical gene regions, indicating potential functional impacts. Specifically, we found 5 MSSVs in the exonic regions of protein-coding genes in homologous offspring, suggesting possible direct effects on protein structure and function. Validation of an MSSV in the exonic region of the polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase gene confirmed male genetic material transmission in some offspring. This study underscores the importance of further research on the genetic diversity and gynogenesis mechanisms, providing valuable insights for reproductive biology, aquaculture, and fostering innovation in biological research and aquaculture practices.
“On the books” yet “off the record”-occupational injury and migrant women: scoping review findings from OECD countries, with implications for New Zealand
Authors: Radka Kelly , Wyeth Emma H. , Craik Brooke , Ergler Christina R. , Derrett Sarah
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Little appears to be known regarding the work-related injury (WRI) experiences of migrants (those born in a country other than their identified host country) and specifically, women migrants.

Methods

As part of a wider PhD project investigating the WRI experiences of New Zealand (NZ) migrants, a review of NZ mainstream media coverage of migrants WRIs was undertaken, which identified no representations of migrant women's WRI experiences. In turn, a scoping review was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed publications reporting empirical findings about WRI experiences and outcomes for migrants in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries, including NZ. This paper aims to identify and describe findings for migrant women specifically. From 2,243 potential publications, 383 proceeded to full text review; ultimately 67 were retained. These 67 publications were reviewed to identify findings specifically for occupationally injured migrant women; 22 such publications (from 21 studies) were found. This paper reports: the characteristics of identified studies; characteristics of migrant women within; frameworks and theories used, and knowledge (and gaps) related to occupationally injured migrant women.

Results

Publications came from only four OECD countries, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Spain. A range of study designs, and topic areas (working conditions, legal rights, identities, the role of gatekeepers, and precarity), were identified; however, only three studies reported findings for longer-term experiences and outcomes of WRIs. Nine publications considered theoretical models underpinning research, including theories about precarious work, stigmatization, and citizenship. However, there was a paucity of analyses of the WRI experience throughout the life-course, highlighting a gap in understanding of how these experiences are “lived” over the long term by occupationally injured migrant women.

Discussion

Scoping review findings were synthesized using a provisional “matryoshka framing narrative” model, to be refined through forthcoming qualitative interviews with occupationally injured NZ migrant women. This model highlights the multitude of influences in WRI experiences, potentially specific to migrant women, suggesting the consequences of WRIs may be uneven, with migrant women experiencing different, and potentially, greater disparities in outcomes. These findings provide an impetus to investigate knowledge gaps and urgently address potential disparities in WRI outcomes for migrant women specifically.
Khat use and related determinants among pregnant women within Haramaya, Ethiopia: a mixed methods study
Authors: Wood Elizabeth A. , Stark Heather , Case Stuart J. , Sousa Barbara , Moreno Melanie , Motuma Aboma , Wilfong Tara
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Khat, a green leafy plant grown in East Africa and throughout the Arabian Peninsula, is chewed for its psychoactive and amphetamine-like effects, serving as a significant aspect of culture, economic livelihood, and global trade. Khat consumption during pregnancy has been associated with adverse effects, including anemia, premature rupture of membranes, and low birth weight, among others.

Methods

This cross-sectional, explanatory sequential mixed methods study was conducted in the Haramaya District of eastern Ethiopia using a questionnaire and focus group discussions. Questionnaires assessed socio-demographic information, pregnancy history, and diet, including khat use. Data were analyzed using SPSS v28 to include descriptive statistics, proportions, odds ratios, binary logistic regression, and chi-square analysis. FGDs expanded on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of khat in the region, including pregnant or lactating women from two different kebeles. Two independent reviewers conducted a qualitative content analysis to examine the qualitative findings from the FGDs. Transcripts from the focus groups were entered into NVivo 14 to aid in capturing salient themes.

Results

A total of 444 pregnant women with a median age of 25 years completed the questionnaire. Two-thirds of the women, 66.9%, reported currently consuming khat while pregnant, and 72.7% of them reported daily consumption. The FGD analysis resulted in the discovery of five themes: Economic Livelihood, Maternal Significance, Medicinal Implications of Khat, Pesticide Use, and Social and Cultural Applications.

Discussion

This study revealed an alarming high prevalence of khat consumption among pregnant women in the Haramaya District, highlighting the pressing need for long-term studies to assess the health consequences. The role of khat as both an economic staple and an energy source for daily activities underscores the challenges in curbing its use. The documented health risks associated with the chemicals used in khat cultivation, including cancer, call for interventions to enhance safe agricultural practices in households involved in khat farming.
Mixed volatility in a single device: memristive non-volatile and threshold switching in SmNiO3/BaTiO3 devices
Authors: Hamming-Green Ruben , Van den Broek Marcel , Bégon-Lours Laura , Noheda Beatriz
Published: May 2024

Analog neuromorphic circuits use a range of volatile and non-volatile memristive effects to mimic the functionalities of neurons and synapses. Creating devices with combined effects is important for reducing the footprint and power consumption of neuromorphic circuits. This work presents an epitaxial SmNiO3/BaTiO3 electrical device that displays non-volatile memristive switching to either allow or block access to a volatile threshold switching regime. This behavior arises from coupling the BaTiO3 ferroelectric polarization to SmNiO3 metal–insulator transition; the polarization in the BaTiO3 layer that is in contact with the SmNiO3 layer modifies the device resistance continuously in a controllable, non-volatile manner. Additionally, the polarization state varies the threshold voltage at which the Joule-heating-driven insulator-to-metal phase transition occurs in the nickelate, which results in a negative differential resistance curve and produces a sharp, volatile threshold switch. Reliable current oscillations with stable frequencies, large amplitude, and a relatively low driving voltage are demonstrated when the device is placed in a Pearson–Anson-like circuit.