bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do children with severe acute respiratory infection need cohorting & isolation before screening for COVID-19?
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Sah Ritesh Ranjan , Gupta Anju , Nallasamy Karthi , Ghosh Arnab , Verma Sanjay
Published: April 2024

This retrospective analysis was done to ascertain the SARS-CoV-2-positivity rate in children (0-12 yr) with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and compare it to those without SARI to determine the need for running a dedicated SARI isolation facility for paediatric COVID-19 care. The case records of 8780 children (0-12 yr) admitted and/or tested for SARS-CoV-2 between June 2020 and May 2021 at a tertiary care centre in north India were analyzed. The overall SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription (RT)-PCR positivity rate was 3.0 per cent (262/8780). There were 1155 (13.15%) children with SARI. Fifty of these 1155 (4.3%) children with SARI, as against 212 of the 7625 (2.8%) children without SARI, tested positive for COVID-19. The absolute difference in the positivity rate among SARI and non-SARI groups was only 1.54 per cent which translates to cohorting and isolating 65 children with SARI to pick up one extra SARS-CoV-2-positive child (compared to those without SARI). The positive predictive value of SARI as a screening test was 4.3 per cent. Our findings suggest that isolation of children with SARI as a transmission-prevention strategy for COVID-19 may not be required. This is particularly relevant in resource-limited settings.
Association between statin use & risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Authors: Ponvilawan Ben , Charoenngam Nipith , Ungprasert Patompong
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Statin use has been shown to be associated with a decreased risk of several types of cancer, however, the data on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are still inconclusive. This study aimed to systematically summarize all available data on this association and conduct a meta-analysis on the same.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed using EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from inception upto October 2019 with a search strategy that included terms such as ‘statin’ and ‘DLBCL’. Eligible studies included either case–control or cohort studies that reported the association between statin use and the risk of DLBCL. Relative risk, odds ratio (OR), hazard: risk ratio or standardized incidence ratio of this association and standard error were extracted and combined for calculating the pooled effect estimate using random-effects, generic inverse variance method.

Results:

A total of 1139 articles were screened. Of these six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included for the meta-analysis. Statin use was associated with a significantly reduced risk of DLBCL with the pooled OR of 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.88; I
2=70%). The funnel plot (fairly symmetric) was not suggestive of the presence of a publication bias.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The present systematic review and meta-analysis found that statin use is associated with a 30 per cent reduced odds of DLBCL. However, the pooled analysis utilized data from observational studies so causation cannot be concluded upon. Hence, it suggested that randomized-controlled studies are still needed to confirm this potential benefit.
Defining the role of high-dose radiation in oligometastatic & oligorecurrent cervical cancer
Authors: Mangaj Akshay , Chopra Supriya , Nout Remi A.
Published: April 2024

Around 5-8 per cent of women diagnosed with cervical cancer present with metastatic disease at presentation and 16-25 per cent of patients fail at either within irradiated fields or at distant sites post-curative therapy in advanced cervical cancers. Conventionally, chemotherapy with palliative intent constituted the mainstay of treatment with modest survival outcomes and radiation therapy was reserved for symptomatic benefit only. While targeted therapies and immunotherapy have been added in therapeutic armamentarium, the impact on the outcomes is modest. In limited metastatic disease, radiation therapy to metastatic sites from different primary cancers has shown survival benefits; however, the data are scarce in cervical cancer. With a better understanding of the molecular biology of the metastases and recurrence pattern, emphasis is laid upon total eradication of the disease rather than offering relief from symptoms. This article summarizes the role of radiation therapy in limited metastatic disease and recurrent cervical cancer.
Normative data for paediatric lymphocyte subsets: A pilot study from western India
Authors: Jodhawat Neha , Bargir Umair Ahmed , Setia Priyanka , Taur Prasad , Bala Nidhi , Madkaikar Aditi , Yadav Reetika Malik , Dalvi Aparna , Shinde Shweta , Gupta Maya , Shelar Shraddha , Kambli Priyanka , Gowri Vijaya , Lokeshwar Madhukar , Satoskar Purnima , Desai Mukesh , Madkaikar Manisha
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Accurate diagnosis of immunodeficiencies requires a critical comparison of values with age-matched controls. In India, the existing reference values for rare lymphocyte subsets are currently not available and we rely on the data originating from other countries for the interpretation of the results. Furthermore, there is limited information on normal variation for these rare-subset parameters in Indian children. So, this study aimed to establish normative values for clinically important lymphocyte subsets in Indian children at different age groups.

Methods:

148 children aged ≥16 yr were enrolled in this study. The study population included 61 per cent males and 39 per cent females and was divided into the following groups: cord blood (n=18), 0-6 months (n=9), 6-12 months (n=13), 1-2 yr (n=19), 2-5 yr (n=27), 5-10 yr (n=25) and 10-16 yr (n=37). The absolute and relative percentage of lymphocytes, T, B, natural killer cell, along with activated, naïve and memory subsets, was determined by flow cytometry.

Results:

Median values and the 10th and 90th percentiles were obtained for 34 lymphocyte sub-populations. The T and B naïve compartments showed a decreasing trend, whereas memory cells showed an increase with age. The activated T cell subset shows an increasing pattern up to one year and then declines gradually. Double negative T cells are relatively stable. TCRgd+T cell percentage increases with age.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This single-centre pilot study provides preliminary data that justifies the need for future large-scale multi centric studies to generate a reference range for interpreting extended immunophenotyping profiles in the paediatric age group, making it possible for clinicians to assess the immunological status in inborn errors of immunity, infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Contribution of Tata Memorial Centre, India, to cervical cancer care
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Chopra Supriya , Gupta Sudeep
Published: April 2024

Cervical cancer continues to be a major public health concern in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Tata Memorial Centre, India, has been at the forefront in providing treatment, developing best practice guidelines for low-cost efficacious interventions, conducting practice-changing randomized trials and engaging in regional and international collaborations for education and research in cervical cancer. This review summarizes how cervical cancer research and clinical care has evolved over the past two decades at the Tata Memorial Centre, right from testing low-cost public health screening of cervical cancers to the incorporation of the latest technological advancements and providing high-quality evidence for therapeutic management of cervical cancer. The various ongoing strategies for improving survival, toxicity reduction, translational research studies, educational activities and teaching programmes initiated by the Tata Memorial Centre at both national and international levels are discussed.
Hospital-acquired infections due to carbapenem-resistant Providencia stuartii
Authors: Sharma Swati , Pramanik Sangita , Marndi Pooja , Banerjee Tuhina
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

During the course of a retrospective survey on healthcare associated infections (HAIs) due to carbapenem-resistant organisms, an unusual prevalence of HAIs due to carbapenem-resistant Providencia stuartii (CRPS) was found. Hence this study aimed to conduct the occurrence of P. stuartii associated HAIs with special reference to the drug resistance profiling of these isolates.

Methods:

Of the eight total HAI cases (7.5% of total HAIs and 33.3% of HAIs due to Enterobacterales) of CRPS infections included in this study, three were reported from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), three were surgical site infections (SSIs), one was a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) and one was a bloodstream infection. All the eight CRPS isolates were tested for extended-spectrum β-lactamases production, AmpC hyperproduction as well as carbapenem resistance. Typing of the isolates was performed by repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR).

Results:

All the eight isolates of CRPS were found to be AmpC hyperproducers, carbapenemase producers, and harboured chromosomally located bla
NDM in seven isolates and bla
IMP genes in one. All the cases with CRPS infections had prior history of colistin therapy along with prolonged hospital stay (>20 days). The cases were located in five different wards/intensive care unit (ICU) within the hospital in one year. However, strain typing by REP-PCR revealed 100 per cent similarity and clonal relatedness in all the seven isolates carrying bla
NDM genes. Interestingly, routine hospital surveillance revealed a high carriage of P. stuartii in the axilla of patients admitted to the ICU.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study findings suggest CRPS as an important cause of HAIs. This organism often goes unnoticed due to the burden of carbapenem resistance in other Enterobacterales and non-fermenters.
Aetiology of hospital-acquired diarrhoea in under-five children from an urban hospital in East Delhi, India
Authors: Singh Nupur , Shah Dheeraj , Singh Taru , Saha Rumpa , Das Shukla , Datt Shyama , Gupta Piyush
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Majority of the studies of hospital-acquired diarrhoea conducted in Western countries have focused on the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool samples. Limited Asian and Indian literature is available on hospital-acquired diarrhoea. This study was aimed to describe the aetiological profile for hospital-acquired diarrhoea in children aged below five years.

Methods:

One hundred children aged one month to five years who developed diarrhoea (≥3 loose stools for >12 h) after hospitalization for at least 72 h were enrolled. Children who were prescribed purgatives or undergoing procedures such as enema and endoscopy or those with underlying chronic gastrointestinal disorders such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease were excluded from the study. Stool samples from the enrolled children were subjected to routine microscopic examination, modified Ziel-Nielson (ZN) staining for Cryptosporidium and culture for various enteropathogens. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the strains of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli. Rotavirus detection was done using rapid antigen kit. Toxins (A and B) of C. difficile were detected using enzyme immunoassay.

Results:

Of the 100 samples of hospital-acquired diarrhoea analysed, diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) was found to be the most common organism, detected in 37 per cent of cases (enteropathogenic E. coli-18%, enterotoxigenic E. coli-8%, enteroaggregative E. coli-4% and mixed infections-7%). Cryptosporidium was detected in 10 per cent of cases. Rotavirus was detected in six per cent and C. difficile in four per cent of cases.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The findings of this study suggest that the aetiological profile of hospital-acquired diarrhoea appears to be similar to that of community-acquired diarrhoea, with DEC and Cryptosporidium being the most common causes. The efforts for the prevention and management of hospital-acquired diarrhoea should, thus, be directed towards these organisms.
Para-aortic lymph node involvement in cervical cancer
Authors: Shylasree T.S. , Gurram Lavanya , Das Ushashree
Published: April 2024

Locally advanced cervical cancer with the involvement of para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) is a common occurrence in low-income and low-middle-income countries. With the incorporation of PALN in the recent FIGO staging, therapeutic management becomes crucial. There are varied presentations of this group which may range from microscopic involvement to extensive lymphadenopathy. Various imaging modalities have been studied to accurately diagnose PALN metastases without surgical intervention, while some investigators have studied the survival benefit of para-aortic lymph node dissection for accurate staging and guiding extent of radiation. With recent advances in radiation therapy, its application to treat bulky nodal metastases and the role of prophylactic irradiation have been reported. In this review, the available evidence and the scope of further interventions is presented.
Study of central aortic blood pressure in hypertensive patients & its relation with blood pressure-lowering drugs
Authors: Sachan Dhyanendra , Sawlani Kamal Kumar , Kumar Amit , Chaudhary Shyam Chand , Dandu Himanshu , Usman Kauser , Atam Virendra
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

In clinical settings, peripheral blood pressure (PBP) is measured routinely. It is thought that central blood pressure (CBP) which reflects aortic BP, may be more predictive of outcomes in specific populations. Hence, this study was carried out to measure CBP in patients with hypertension and to see the effect of antihypertensive drugs on CBP.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 134 hypertensive patients and 134 normotensive healthy individuals as controls. Peripheral BPs and CBPs were measured of all patients and controls. The data were correlated and the effect of antihypertensive drugs on CBP was also evaluated.

Results:

Of the 134 hypertensive patients, 44 (32.84%) were newly diagnosed and the rest 90 (67.16%) had a history of hypertension and were on treatment. Of these 90 patients on treatment, 37 (41.11%) had uncontrolled peripheral BP and 53 (58.89%) had normal peripheral BP. Of the 134 hypertensive patients, 45 (33.58%) had controlled CBP. In 90 patients, who were on antihypertensive treatment, 45 (50%) had controlled CBP and 45 (50%) had uncontrolled CBP. Patients on calcium channel blockers (CCBs) had better control of CBP.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Hypertension is diagnosed mainly by measuring peripheral BP. CBP, which correlates better with the incidence of cardiovascular events, is not routinely measured. Patients with a history of hypertension and on treatment had normal office peripheral BP, but a few of them had high CBP and may require modification in treatment for control of CBP. Control of CBP was better in patients taking CCB.
ALDH1 & CD133 in invasive cervical carcinoma & their association with the outcome of chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Javed Shifa , Sood Swati , Rai Bhavana , Bhattacharyya Shalmoli , Bagga Rashmi , Srinivasan Radhika
Published: April 2024

Background & objectives:

Chemoradiation is the standard therapy for locally advanced invasive cervical cancer and response to treatment determines the outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) play a role in response to treatment and hence the aim of this study was to evaluate if their levels in pre-treatment biopsies by immunohistochemistry (IHC) could predict response to treatment and outcome.

Methods:

The study comprised 60 patients with FIGO Stage IIB/III invasive cervical carcinoma treated by chemoradiation. They were divided into two groups based on their clinical outcome: group 1, 30 patients who had no evidence of disease at 48 month follow up and group 2, 30 patients who had disease relapse within 6-12 months of treatment completion. IHC was performed for CSC markers (ALDH1, CD133, Nanog and Oct-4), EMT markers (E-cadherin and vimentin) and squamocolumnar junction (KRT7) markers and H-scores determined. Intergroup comparison was performed. The expression of these markers was also evaluated in histological sections of cervical pre-cancer (CIN1 and CIN3) in comparison to normal cervix.

Results:

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) showed high expression of ALDH1 and KRT7 as compared to normal cervical epithelium. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and CD133 were overexpressed in 70 and 24 per cent cervical carcinoma cases whereas E-cadherin showed reduced expression in invasive carcinoma as compared to normal controls. ALDH1 overexpression was significantly associated with disease relapse in invasive cervical carcinoma treated by chemoradiation (P<0.01).

Interpretation & conclusions:

Determination of ALDH1 levels in pre-treatment cervical biopsies of invasive cervical carcinoma may be useful for prediction of response to chemoradiation, with high levels predicting for a poor response.
Conceptualizing Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vajaratkar Pooja Vivek , Dwivedi A. K.
Published: April 2024

Background:

Spirituality is a key domain of occupational therapy practice, and for some individuals and communities, all occupations are viewed as spiritual. However, occupational therapists find conceptualizing spirituality and its meaning for both themselves and their patients challenging. The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify the concept of spirituality and provide occupational therapists with guidance on how to integrate spirituality into practice.

Objectives:

This concept analysis was to clarify the concept of spirituality and how it has been articulated in studies.

Study Design:

A concept analysis approach, inspired by Walker and Avant, was used for a systematic review and selection of studies to be included.

Methods:

After selecting spirituality as a concept and having determined the aim of the analysis, the systematic selection of studies adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of seven articles was performed. Articles from 2005 to 2020 were considered as there was scarcity in this area of work; a long time frame was considered. The literature was found using research databases including CINAHL, Pub Med, OT Search, and SCOPUS.

Results:

Through the conceptual analysis of spirituality in occupational therapy, current concepts and themes of spirituality, occupational therapy assessments, and intervention in spirituality integration were identified. The empirical references highlight the application of addressing spiritual needs in occupational therapy practice. The key findings within each study were analyzed to identify the antecedents, defining attributes, and consequences of addressing spiritual needs in occupational therapy practice.

Conclusion:

The results led to a description of spirituality that could facilitate future research communication and common definition in occupational therapy practice.
A Clinical and Dermatoscopic Perspective of the Efficacy and Safety of Erbium: YAG Laser Ablation Versus 50% Trichloroacetic Acid for the Management of Xanthelasma Palpebrarum
Authors: Arora Aakanksha , Mohta Alpana , Mehta Rajesh Datt , Ghiya Bhikam Chand , Soni Prasoon , Jangir Vishnu Kumar , Yadav Manoj Kumar , Khokhar Rajesh , Mangava Vijay
Published: April 2024

Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a benign cosmetic condition. Although the role of CO2 laser is well described, there are only a few studies on Erbium: YAG in XP. Similarly, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used in XP. However, there are only a few studies comparing these modalities in the treatment of XP.

Aim:

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Erbium: YAG laser and 50% TCA in the treatment of XP with the role of dermoscope in the evaluation of lesions.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: group A (TCA) and group B (laser). All patients were subcategorized into three grades viz. I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe) using a self-devised scoring system.

Results:

About 25% and 70% of patients achieved complete clearance in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.017). The rate of recurrence was 40% and 15% in groups A and B. Dyspigmentation and erythema were the most common side effects. Pretreatment dermoscopic evaluation of the lesion showed a network of brown streaks on a background of a yellowish structureless area and was used to assess the area and margins of the lesion where the adipose tissue was found during the procedure and serial assessment of the lesion.
Comparative evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and safety of black peel versus 25% trichloroacetic acid peel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a split face study
Authors: Puri Neerja , Kumar Sumir , Kaur Sameer , Brar B K
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Peeling has withstood the test of time as a simple, minimally invasive method to renew the skin, despite the introduction of more advanced procedures like lasers.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty patients (or 60 sites) with age ranging from 15 to 45 years with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris were included in the study. Assessment at baseline was done by the global acne grading system score for including mild and moderate acne patients.

Results:

On grading the improvement according to the 5-point Global Assessment Scale (GAS), it was found that in area A (black peel), 6.7% of patients showed excellent improvement, 86.7% of patients showed good improvement, and 6.7% of patients showed fair improvement. In area B (25%TCA peel), 6.7% of patients showed excellent improvement, 80% of patients showed good improvement, and 13.3% of patients showed fair improvement.

Discussion:

None of the patients showed poor or worse outcomes in any of the areas. The difference between the groups was not significant (P = 0.688).

Conclusion:

There is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the comparison of black peel with other conventional peels in the treatment of acne vulgaris. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing black peel with TCA peel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Full Thickness Macular Hole in Aesthetician Occurring Due to Accidental Self-exposure to Cosmetic Laser Machine Trying to Take Special Precautions Against COVID-19
Authors: Banker Alay S , Mahadevia Bansri M , Shah Harita , Banker Ahan A
Published: April 2024

A 25-year-old aesthetician was operating Q-switch pulse (SPECTRA) cosmetic laser machine of 1,064 nm wavelength, for the purpose of skin bleaching. The probe suddenly slipped over the plastic sheet that had been placed to avoid COVID-19 exposure after which she complained of sudden loss of vision. She was diagnosed as having vitreous hemorrhage in her right eye and was treated conservatively for one month. She then complained of central scotoma and was diagnosed to have developed a full-thickness macular hole, for which she was advised vitrectomy surgery. The purpose of this case report is to emphasize the importance of taking precautions during the COVID-19 era and while doing that making sure how to handle the machines so as not to inflict any accidental injury to the operating physician. Macular Holes following skin bleaching with Nd:YAG laser occurring in operating aesthetician is rare as compared to that occurring in the patients.
Intra-fractional dose rate effect in continuous and interrupted irradiation of the MCF-7 cell line: Possible radiobiological implications for breath-hold techniques in breast radiotherapy?
Authors: Mosleh-Shirazi Mohammad Amin , Kazempour Somayeh , Fardid Reza , Sharifzadeh Sedigheh , Karbasi Sareh
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

To investigate the effects of different dose rates (DRs) in continuous and interrupted irradiation on in-vitro survival of the MCF-7 cell line, towards finding possible radiobiological effects of breath-hold techniques in breast radiotherapy (RT), in which intra-fractional beam interruptions and delivery prolongation can occur.

Materials and Methods:

MCF-7 cells were irradiated continuously or with regular interruptions using 6 MV x-rays at different accelerator DRs (50-400 cGy/min) to deliver a 2 Gy dose. The interrupted irradiation was delivered in a 10 s on, 10 s off manner. Then, cell survival and viability were studied using colony and MTT assays, respectively.

Results:

Survival and viability with continuous and interrupted irradiation were similar (P > 0.5). A significant increase in survival at 50, 100, and 400 cGy/min compared to 200 and 300 cGy/min was observed, also a significant decreasing and then increasing trend from 50 to 200 cGy/min and 200 to 400 cGy/min, respectively (P < 0.04). Relative to 200 cGy/min, the survival fractions at 50, 100, 300, and 400 cGy/min were 1.24, 1.23, 1.05, and 1.20 times greater, respectively. Cell viability did not show significant differences between the DRs, despite following the same trend as cell survival.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that for continuous irradiation of in-vitro MCF-7 cells, with increasing DR within the 50-400 cGy/min range, sensitivity increases and then decreases (inverse effect), also that up to doubling of treatment time in breath-hold techniques does not affect in-vitro radiobiological efficacy with 200-400 cGy/min accelerator DRs. Further confirmatory studies are required.
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate in the Extraction Socket Preservation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mohanasatheesh S , Balaji Anitha , Subramaniam Deepa , Ganapathy Vishnu , Rajendran Karthikeyan P. , Farjana Nilofer
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Various studies have suggested use of socket grafting materials after dental extraction for socket preservation. However, there is no single material that has been accepted as standard for preserving the socket. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the evidence for the use of biphasic calcium phosphate for socket regeneration.

Materials and Methods:

The team conducted a systematic literature search in accordance with the protocol registered at PROSPERO. PubMed, OVID, and EMBASE databases were used in the search. The articles were then screened using RAYYAN open-source software for the synthesis of evidence.

Results:

Of the 240 articles found in the search, two studies could be included in the review.

Conclusion:

Biphasic calcium phosphate (60% hydroxyapatite, HA and 40% beta-tricalcium phosphate, β-TCP) has a significant effect in the socket preservation and quality of bone regeneration.
Whole-Slide Imaging (WSI) Versus Traditional Microscopy (TM) Through Evaluation of Parameters in Oral Histopathology: A Pilot Study
Authors: Islam Atikul , Banerjee Abhishek , Wati Sisca M. , Roy Bireswar , Chatterjee Kumarjyoti , Singhania Kumari N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

histopathology plays a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, research, and medical education. In recent years, whole slide imaging (wsi) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional microscopy for pathological examination. This study aims to provide a comprehensive comparison of wsi and traditional microscopy(tm) in various aspects of histopathology practice.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, total of 30 cases comprising of oral premalignant and malignant cases which were diagnostically challenging was considered from the archives of the institute for validation. The slides were scanned with slide scanner and were evaluated by histopathologists. The comparative parameters which were noted were diagnostic discordances, number of fields observed to reach the diagnosis and time taken.

Results:

The mean time taken by the pathologists to reach the diagnosis was significantly less in whole slide imaging technique. The average number of fields observed was higher by using wsi that too in a lesser time compared to tm, the results were found to be statistically significant with p=0.001.however the diagnostic disparity were seen to be maximum for verrucous lesions both in wsi and tm.

Conclusion:

wsi has facilitated the specialty with rapid mode of diagnosis in a more efficient and error less manner. It has also aided in case banking as well as research possibilities. Hence with the advent of telepathology it is very much necessary to get trained with wsi as early as possible so that the professionals can render correct diagnosis.
Porphyromonas levii – A Boon for Periodontists?
Authors: Balaji Anitha , Jennifer W , Shanmugam Mohanasatheesh , Krishnan Manju , Shafiyah M. , Narayanan Krithika
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The majority of species previously categorized as Bacteroides have been reassigned into new genera. Bacteroides levii (Holdeman, Cato, and Mooretaxonomic)’s status has remained uncertain. This species shares a high degree of similarity with members of the genus Porphyromonas based on biochemical, chemical, and comparative 16s rRNA sequence analysis. As a result, Bacteroides levii (Holdeman, Cato, and Moore) was reclassified as Porphyromonas levii comb. now under the genus Porphyromonas.
Apexogenesis of an Immature Permanent Molar with Irreversible Pulpitis Using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomy: A Case Report
Authors: ArakkalVettath Mohamed Rahoof , Alshehri Yousef , Alshehri Faisal S. , Alyeezadi Mazen , Kumar Pavan , Almuthhin Muthhin , .Alzahrani Eman I , Alruwaili Rola H. Gadoe
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Carious exposure of an irreversibly inflamed vital pulp in a young permanent tooth presents a significant clinical challenge to clinicians to maintain the vitality. Direct pulp capping, partial pulpotomy, and complete pulpotomy are the available procedures to treat young permanent tooth. Mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine are currently the material of choice for these procedures. The present case report describes the successful apexogenesis of mandibular left first permanent molar using mineral trioxide aggregate. The 18-month follow-up of the case demonstrated clinical and radiographic success with absence of any signs and symptoms and continued root formation.
Comparative Evaluation of the Apical Sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE Using 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% Citric Acid as Irrigants—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Mohan Naveen , Arumugam Selvabalaji , Alaguselvaraj Joseph , Selvaraj Kandanraj , Chonat Anagha , Kumar K. Krishna
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Apical microleakage is considered to be a common reason for the clinical failure of endodontic therapy. Three dimensional sealing of the root canal is one of the main goals of endodontic treatment and is essential for preventing reinfection of the canal and for preserving the health of the periapical tissues, Recently Epoxy resin sealers have been used because of their reduced solubility apical seal and micro-retention to root dentine.

Aim and Objective:

This in vitro study was done to evaluate and compare the apical sealability of AH Plus and RealSeal SE using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite with 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid as irrigants. Materials and methods: 44 single-rooted premolars were selected and the teeth are randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10) and 2 control groups (n=2). The extent of dye penetration, from the apical to the coronal part of the root canal, was assessed using a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification for all groups.One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to compare statistically significant differences among the groups, using SPSS software version 10.0.

Results:

Group IV (Citric acid + RealSeal SE) showed a statistically lower mean microleakage when compared to all other groups.

Conclusion:

From, the present study, it was concluded that, RealSeal SE sealer with 10% citric acid as irrigant (group IV) showed better apical sealability followed by RealSeal SE sealer with 17% EDTA as irrigant (group III), when compared to AH Plus groups which showed least sealability.
Effect of Early Orthodontic Treatment on Long-Term Stability of Class II Malocclusions
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Subashree S , Avirachan Tara V. , Imran Md. , Chidambaram D. , Prasad S.M Vignesh
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up.

Results:

The initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment.

Conclusion:

Early orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term.
To Restrain or Refrain: Determination of Parental Attitude towards the Child’s Experience with Protective Stabilization
Authors: Ramadevi R. P. , Kandaswamy Saravana Kumar , Hemamalini Rangarajan , Raj Santosh , Aravinth V. , Vijila K. V. , Yamunadevi Andamuthu
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

To overcome disruptive behavior of children, pediatric dentists rely on various behavior management techniques. When dental therapy is pertinent and nonaversive techniques like tell-show-do, voice control, and positive reinforcement are ineffective; the role of advanced behavior guidance techniques like physical restraints and protective stabilization is of paramount importance.

Aim:

The study was carried out to elicit parents’ opinion and record their response to their children’s experience who underwent dental treatment with an extra assistant for protective stabilization.

Materials and Methods:

Response was elicited to a questionnaire from 50 parents of children lacking cooperative ability and were exposed to an extra assistant for protective stabilization during various dental procedures.

Results:

The dental assistant was most preferred as the extra assistant to provide active stabilization. An overwhelming 98% of the parents agreed to protective stabilization with an extra assistant as advantageous and a good 88% of the parents recommended its use for further appointments of their children.

Conclusion:

Majority of the parents approved protective stabilization with an extra assistant in future appointments of their children.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Hybrid Nano-coating of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets on Streptococcus Mutans – An In vitro Study
Authors: Duraisamy Sangeetha , Anandan Nirmala , Kannan Ravi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Nano-coating of orthodontic brackets with a combination or hybrid of metals and metal oxides may reduce the streptococcus mutans count and incidence of enamel decalcification seen around brackets in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. In total, 255 orthodontic brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California, USA) were divided into one control group (group I) of 60 and three experimental groups of 65 each (groups II, III, and IV). The experimental group brackets were coated with a combination of silver-zinc oxide, copper oxide -zinc oxide, and silver-copper oxide nanoparticles using physical vapour deposition method. The two nanoparticles used for each group were mixed in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for providing a uniform hybrid coating. Sixty brackets from each group were used for microbiological evaluation of antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in blood agar medium, and the remaining five brackets from each experimental group were used for SEM analysis to check the uniformity of the coating. Nano-coated brackets demonstrated better antibacterial properties than uncoated brackets. Copper oxide–zinc oxide nanoparticles coated brackets demonstrated better antibacterial properties than the silver–zinc oxide and silver– copper oxide coated brackets.
A Scientometric Study of Saudi PubMed-Indexed Endodontic Research
Authors: Almutairi Waleed , Alodaib Ruba , Alshaye Riyadh , Alotaiby Faraj
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Scientometric studies play a crucial role in quantitatively assessing the impact and quantity of scholarly articles, providing a basis for policy-making and informed decision-making processes. Given the ongoing transformation within the Saudi scientific community across various domains, it is essential to establish a baseline for high-quality endodontic research. A comprehensive search in the PubMed database, using the keywords [“Saudi” OR “Saudi Arabia”] within the time frame of 2014 to 2021. The screening process involved evaluating the title and abstract of each article, with only those classified as endodontic articles included for analysis in this study. The analysis included factors such as the type of paper, the authors, the citations, and the year of publication. Featuring one or more authors affiliated with a Saudi dental institution, 70 papers were specifically categorized as endodontic papers. The most prevalent type of paper was case reports, accounting for 27 articles (28%), followed by literature reviews with 13 articles (18%). The number of authors ranged from one to ten, with a general trend of increasing publication rates over the years. In terms of citations, only four papers received more than 20 citations, while the majority of papers garnered between one and ten citations. Most articles in the field of endodontics exhibited low-level evidence. Therefore, it is recommended that the quality of research output and evidence be enhanced.
Cultural Competency Training of Medical Students among Trauma Patients: Training and Assessment Strategies
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh , Mendhe Harshal G , Tiwade Yugeshwari R , Mishra Vaishnavi H
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In the field of health care, cultural competency refers to the ability of healthcare professionals to acknowledge, respect, and accordingly respond to the varied needs, beliefs, values, and practices followed by persons and the communities they serve. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of cultural factors and trauma experience, and identify the strategies that can be employed to train and assess medical students in cultural competency pertaining to trauma patients. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines and a total of 21 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives. Cultural factors play a defining role in determining the experiences of trauma patients, and how these patients and family members perceive, cope, and recover from such traumatic events. To meet the diverse needs of the community, the medical curriculum has to be flexible and must include the component of cultural competency. Like any other domain, medical educators must plan for the assessment of cultural competencies while delivering trauma education, as it will provide insights into the readiness of the students to deliver culturally sensitive and effective care to trauma patients. In conclusion, the inclusion of cultural competency training within trauma care in the medical curriculum carries immense utility as it can help healthcare professionals to effectively communicate and respond to the varied needs of trauma patients, regardless of their cultural backgrounds. This calls for the adoption of a combination of teaching–learning methods and assessment methods by medical educators so that medical students can be empowered to deliver culturally sensitive medical care to trauma patients.
Delving into Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and its Significance in Periodontal Diseases
Authors: Natarajan Prabhu M. , Ganesan Anuradha , Varma Sudhir R. , Shetty Naresh Y
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, particularly periodontitis, by virtue of its collagenolytic activity targeting collagen type I, the primary component of periodontal tissues. This review abstract elucidates the intricate involvement of MMP-1 in periodontal tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation in disease states. Elevated MMP-1 levels, observed in gingival tissues and crevicular fluid of individuals with periodontitis, correlate with the degradation of collagen fibers within the periodontium. This degradation contributes to the detachment of teeth from surrounding tissues and exacerbates alveolar bone resorption, hallmark features of periodontal breakdown. Therapeutically, targeting MMP-1 activity emerges as a promising strategy, prompting ongoing research into MMP inhibitors and host modulation therapies. Understanding MMP-1’s nuanced role in periodontal diseases paves the way for personalized treatment approaches and holds promise in reshaping periodontal disease management for improved patient outcomes and periodontal health.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of E- Cadherin in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jain Amol , Gupta Aashi
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Cancers arising in the oral cavity are more commonly of squamous cell carcinomas. E-cadherin is a calcium-dependant transmembrane glycoprotein of the type-1 cadherin superfamily is an invasion/tumor suppressor gene, which plays a vital role in epithelial cell–cell adhesion. Epithelial E-cadherin expression loss increases tumor invasiveness and metastasis.

Aim:

To determine the expression of E-cadherin in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods:

Analysis of E-cadherin expression in 10 cases of normal mucosa, 15 cases of various grades of OED, 15 cases of OSCC.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were calculated using Chi-square test and analysis of variance test (ANOVA).

Results:

An intragroup comparison of staining intensity and staining location for OED showed a highly significant difference between mild and moderate grade (P < 0.001). A significant difference of staining intensity was noted among well and moderately differentiated grades, and well and poorly differentiated grades of OSCC. A comparison of staining location among well and poorly differentiated grades of OSCC was found to be significant.

Conclusion:

Expression loss is observed as the severity of the lesion progresses in both OSCC and OED. The increased loss of expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma poorer the prognosis.
A Study Comparing Centchroman and Evening Primrose Oil in the Treatment of Benign Breast Disease
Authors: Sinha Nirupam , Tajdar Yasir , Pankaj Deepak , Kumar Nitesh , Muni Sweta , Bhushan Vibhuti
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Females seeking medical attention at breast clinics commonly present with nonmalignant breast conditions, including nonspecific breast pain or distinct masses like fibroadenomas. Due to its variability, it may be difficult to quantify breast pain. The purpose of the research was to compare centchroman and evening primrose oil to identify a cost-effective, secure, and efficient treatment for benign breast disease.

Material and Methods:

In this prospective hospital-based observational study, 100 breast diseases with or without lumpiness for 1 year were included and divided into two groups with 50 cases each, Group-A (Centchroman) and Group-B (Evening primrose oil).

Results:

Centchroman exhibited a significantly greater treatment response for alleviating pain-free mastalgia compared to evening primrose oil. Additionally, centchroman showed an excellent response (P < .05). Among participants with mastalgia, centchroman significantly reduced the number of mastalgia patients with tender nodularity post-treatment (P = .035) than evening primrose oil. On the basis of fibroadenoma, partial and complete response was significantly seen in higher number of cases in the centchroman group (P = .007).

Conclusion:

Centchroman therapy demonstrates that the treatment for benign breast disease is safe, effective, and economical.
Comparative Analgesic Efficacy of Intramuscular Dexamethasone, Ketorolac, Tramadol, and Butorphanol with Regard to Postoperative Pain After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
Authors: Chakraborty Pallavi Khan , Shai Adithya , Tilak P Balaganga Dhar , Kumar Abhinav , Kamdar Arbab , Niranjana Archana , Kisave Parag Narayan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Surgical removal of the third molar often resulted in postoperative pain which affected the quality of life of the patients. Pharmacological management of pain includes NSAIDS or steroids. The present study compared four drugs, viz. Group 1 (4 mg dexamethasone injection); Group 2 (30 mg ketorolac); Group 3 (50 mg tramadol injection); and Group 4 (1 mg butorphanol injection) in the management of postoperative pain after third molar surgery. We observed that in comparison with the first and third postoperative pain between groups, it revealed the lowest mean pain score in the butorphanol group, followed by dexamethasone and tramadol group and the highest mean score in the ketorol group (P value <0.0001). We conclude that butorphanol with low dosage can be effectively used for reducing postoperative discomfort after surgery.
Starch Glutaraldehyde Cross-Linked Hydrogel for Drug Release Properties
Authors: Bassi Mayhar , Kalpana R. , Kumar Vinay
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we synthesized and characterized a novel starch glutaraldehyde cross-linked hydrogel for drug release. The hydrogel exhibited excellent properties such as absorption capacity and drug release. By optimizing the cross-linking reaction using varying concentrations of glutaraldehyde and reaction time, we obtained a hydrogel with a three-dimensional network structure, superior swelling properties, and mechanical strength. The results revealed doxycycline sustained and controlled drug release over a prolonged period, which could be adjusted by altering the cross-linking density of the hydrogel. Overall, the starch glutaraldehyde cross-linked hydrogel shows great promise as a drug delivery system with controlled release properties, applicable in pharmaceuticals and tissue engineering.