bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chrysin-Induced Regression of Angiogenesis via an Induction of DNA Damage Response and Oxidative Stress in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Melanoma
Authors: Sassi Aicha , Fredon Maxime , Cotte Alexia K. , Fuselier Camille , Schneider Christophe , Martiny Laurent , Monchaud David , Chekir-Ghedira Leila , Aires Virginie , Delmas Dominique
Published: June 2023

Despite the progress made in treatments, melanoma is one of the cancers for which its incidence and mortality have increased during recent decades. In the research of new therapeutic strategies, natural polyphenols such as chrysin could be good candidates owing to their capacities to modulate the different fundamental aspects of tumorigenesis and resistance mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and neoangiogenesis. In the present study, we sought to determine whether chrysin could exert antitumoral effects via the modulation of angiogenesis by acting on oxidative stress and associated DNA damage. For the first time, we show a link between chrysin-induced antiproliferative effects, the activation of the DNA damage pathway, and its ability to limit angiogenesis. More specifically, herein, we show that chrysin induces single- and double-stranded DNA breaks via the activation of the DNA damage response pathway: ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated)/Chk2 (checkpoint kinase 2) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related)/Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1) pathways. Strong activation of this DNA damage response was found to be partly involved in the ability of chrysin to limit angiogenesis and may partly involve a direct interaction between the polyphenol and DNA G-quadruplex structures responsible for the replication fork collapse. Moreover, these events were associated with a marked reduction in melanoma cells’ capacity to secrete proangiogenic factor VEGF-A. The disruption of these key protein actors in tumor growth by chrysin was also confirmed in a syngeneic model of B16 melanoma. This last point is of importance to further consider the use of chrysin as a new therapeutic strategy in melanoma treatment.
Proteomic Characterization of SAS Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to Both BPA and Neutron Irradiation Doses
Authors: Perico Davide , Tong Ying , Chen Lichao , Imamichi Shoji , Sanada Yu , Ishiai Masamichi , Suzuki Minoru , Masutani Mitsuko , Mauri Pierluigi
Published: June 2023

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a selective radiotherapy based on nuclear reaction that occurs when 10B atoms accumulated in cancer cells are irradiated by thermal neutrons, triggering a nuclear fission response leading to cell death. Despite its growing importance in cancer treatment, molecular characterization of its effects is still lacking. In this context, proteomics investigation can be useful to study BNCT effect and identify potential biomarkers. Hence, we performed proteomic analysis with nanoLC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) on extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from SAS cultures treated or not with 10B-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and different doses of neutron irradiation, to study the cellular response related to both boron administration and neutrons action. Despite the interference of fetal bovine serum in the medium, we were able to stratify BPA− and BPA+ conditions and to identify EVs-derived proteins characterizing pathways potentially related to a BNCT effect such as apoptosis, DNA repair and inflammatory response. In particular, KLF11, SERPINA1 and SERPINF2 were up-regulated in BPA+, while POLE and SERPINC1 were up-regulated in BPA−. These results provide the first proteomic investigation of EVs treated with BNCT in different conditions and highlight the potentiality of proteomics for improving biomarkers identification and mechanisms understanding of BNCT.
Psychosocial Treatment of an Adolescent in a Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program
Authors: Krock Matthew , Burkhart Kimberly , Barksdale Edward
Published: June 2023

Interpersonal violence is the leading cause of death in adolescents. Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) address the emotional and behavioral sequelae of assault and homicide. Few studies have been published on pediatric HVIPs, and no study offers a conceptualization model for treatment approaches. This paper demonstrates the use of empirically supported practices by outlining the services provided and subsequent treatment trajectory of an adolescent receiving care from an HVIP at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. This case study follows the Case Study Report (CARE) guidelines and is the first to demonstrate the use of intensive case management, Psychological First Aid (PFA), and Skills for Psychological Recovery (SPR) in the treatment of an adolescent presenting to the emergency department (ED) due to assault associated with bullying. Through the use of these treatment approaches to address symptoms of posttraumatic stress, the patient moved from physical recovery to posttraumatic growth. Assessment and trauma-informed treatment suggestions are provided to support evidence-based practices within HVIPs.
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Cutting-Edge Shape Factor on the Cutting Performance of Titanium Alloy
Authors: You Zhangping , Yuan Haiyang , Ye Xiaoping
Published: June 2023

Titanium alloys are extensively utilized in the aerospace industry due to their exceptional properties, encompassing high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Nevertheless, these alloys present inherent challenges as difficult-to-machine materials characterized by low thermal conductivity and high chemical reactivity. The machining of titanium alloys often gives rise to elevated cutting forces and temperatures, thereby resulting in compromised machining quality and substantial tool wear. This study explores the influence of the cutting-edge shape factor on tool performance and optimizes the cutting-edge structure through finite element simulation. Remarkably, the cutting performance of the tool demonstrates significant enhancement following cutting-edge passivation. Alterations in the geometric shape of the cutting-edge after passivation exert a notable impact on the tool’s cutting performance, with a superior performance observed for shape factor K > 1 compared to alternative edge structures. Additionally, numerical simulation is employed to analyze the influence of passivation values Sγ and Sα on cutting force and temperature, which are crucial factors affecting cutting performance. The results underscore the significant impact of Sγ on cutting force and temperature. Furthermore, within the confines of maintaining an identical shape factor K, the blade segment group featuring Sγ = 40 μm and Sα = 25 μm exhibits the lowest maximum cutting temperature, thereby indicating the optimal tool design attainable through this study.
Effects of Cooling Rate and Emulsifier Combination on the Colloidal Stability of Crystalline Dispersions Stabilized by Phospholipids and β-Lactoglobulin
Authors: Reiner Jasmin , Schüler Charlotte , Gaukel Volker , Karbstein Heike Petra
Published: June 2023

A lot of applications for (semi-)crystalline triacylglycerol (TAG)-in-water dispersions exist in the life science and pharmaceutical industries. Unfortunately, during storage, these dispersions are often prone to changes in particle size due to unforeseen crystallization and recrystallization events. This results in the alterations of important product properties, such as viscosity and mouthfeel, or the premature release of encapsulated material. In this study, we investigated the effects and interplay of formulation, i.e., emulsifier combination, and processing parameters, i.e., cooling rate, on the colloidal stability of dispersed TAGs and aimed to improve their colloidal stability. We chose phospholipids (PLs) and β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) as the emulsifiers for our model systems, which are commonly applied in many food systems. When dispersions were characterized directly after cooling, we obtained smaller particles and narrower size distributions after fast cooling. Over the course of eleven weeks, the creaming behavior, particle size, melting behavior and polymorphism were characterized. The dispersions stabilized with solely β-lg exhibited a slight increase in particle size, whereas a decrease in size was found when PLs were added. Our results indicate that mass transport phenomena between TAG droplets and particles took place during storage. This migration of TAG molecules changed the composition and size distribution of the dispersed phase, especially at higher PL concentration (0.1 wt%). In our case, this could be prevented by using a lower concentration of PLs, i.e., 0.05 wt%.
Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Durio zibethinus Murray and Value Added for Cosmetic Product Formulation
Authors: Mungmai Lapatrada , Kanokwattananon Chanapa , Thakang Supawadee , Nakkrathok Arkhanut , Srisuksomwong Pawalee , Tanamatayarat Patcharawan
Published: June 2023

Durio zibethinus Murray, or durian fruit, is considered the “King of fruit” in various parts of Southeast Asia. It is classified in the Durio genus, which has been reported to be beneficial in the medical and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties, biological activities, and cosmetic applications of the polysaccharide extractions from the green (GH) and white (WH) fruit-hulls and the ethanolic extracts from the pulp (P) and seeds (S) of D. Zibethinus. The extracts were developed as cosmetic products, and skin irritation was assessed by volunteers. P, S, GH, and WH extracts gave percentage yields of 12.13, 4.01, 1.60, and 1.18, respectively. The morphological structure of GH was highly porous, while the surface of WH was flattened, with no porosity observed. The seed extract showed the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 0.33 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and IC50 0.08 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively, while no anti-tyrosinase activity was detected in any individual extract. The total phenolic content, DPPH assay, and anti-tyrosinase activity after blending the extracts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in the individual extracts. Combining extracts such as SGH and SGWH gave IC50 values of anti-tyrosinase activity at 8.69 ± 1.82 mg/mL and 0.067 ± 0.00 mg/mL, respectively. No durian extracts exhibited growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Cutibacterium acnes. A gel formulation containing durian extract was prepared by a cold process. It had good stability, with no skin irritation reported by the volunteers. Both crude durian and polysaccharide extracts showed promise as active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Perspectives of Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 Self-Isolating for 10 Days at Home: A Qualitative Study in Primary Care in Greece
Authors: Symintiridou Despoina , Pagkozidis Ilias , Mystakidou Stavroula , Birtsou Charis , Ploukou Stella , Begou Stavroula , Andreou Martha , Dandoulakis Michael , Theodoropoulos Elias , Manolaki Chrysanthi , Avakian Ioanna , Makridou Efthymia , Avgerinou Christina , Papageorgiou Dimitra Iosifina , Smyrnakis Emmanouil
Published: June 2023

The aim of this qualitative research, conducted in Spring 2021, was to identify the inconveniences and the psychological and social impact of 10 days of home isolation, required by law, in non-hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Greece and to improve management. Thirty-seven semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis identified four key emergent themes, i.e., everyday life during self-isolation, psychological issues, social issues, and information and guidance. Food provisioning was of particular concern. Solidarity was expressed to individuals in need. Isolation was not always viable due to space constraints and the necessity to care for sick family members. Fear of transmission to vulnerable groups, hospitalisation, irreversible complications, and death as well as anxiety, insecurity, guilt, and alienation were articulated. COVID-19 disrupted the normal functioning of families and led to revision of interpersonal relationships. Patients avoided re-integration in society due to the transmitter stigma and to limit the risk of infection spread in the community. Over-information promoted fear. Mild illness raised doubts about information validity. Primary care provided monitoring and psychological support. Home isolation caused disruption in various aspects of participants’ life, ranging from logistic problems to dealing with the psychological burden of isolation and illness. Primary care could play a central role in supporting patients.
Deep Ultraviolet Photodetector: Materials and Devices
Authors: Fang Wannian , Li Qiang , Li Jiaxing , Li Yuxuan , Zhang Qifan , Chen Ransheng , Wang Mingdi , Yun Feng , Wang Tao
Published: June 2023

The application of deep ultraviolet detection (DUV) in military and civil fields has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers’ attention. Compared with the disadvantages of organic materials, such as complex molecular structure and poor stability, inorganic materials are widely used in the field of DUV detection because of their good stability, controllable growth, and other characteristics. Rapid advances in preparing high-quality ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have enabled the realization of various high-performance DUV photodetectors with different geometries, which provide an avenue for circumventing numerous disadvantages in traditional detectors. Herein, the development history and types of DUV detectors are briefly introduced. Typical UWBG detection materials and their preparation methods, as well as their research and application status in the field of DUV detection, are emphatically summarized and reviewed, including III-nitride semiconductors, gallium oxide, diamond, etc. Finally, problems pertaining to DUV detection materials, such as the growth of materials, the performance of devices, and their future development, are also discussed.
Are Extensive Open Lung Resections for Elderly Patients with Lung Cancer Justified?
Authors: Panagopoulos Nikolaos , Grapatsas Konstantinos , Leivaditis Vasileios , Galanis Michail , Dougenis Dimitrios
Published: June 2023

Background: Older patients with malignancies are more comorbid than younger ones and are usually undertreated only because of their age. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety of open anatomical lung resections for lung cancer in elderly patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent lung resection for lung cancer in our institution and categorized them into two groups: the elderly group (≥70 years old) and the control (<70). Results: In total, 135 patients were included in the elderly group and 375 in the control. Elderly patients were more frequently diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (59.3% vs. 51.5%, p = 0.037), higher differentiated tumors (12.6% vs. 6.4%, p = 0.014), and at an earlier stage (stage I: 55.6% for elderly vs. 36.6%, p = 0.002). Elderly patients were more vulnerable to postoperative pneumonia (3.7% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.034), lung atelectasis (7.4% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.040), and pleural empyema (3.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.042), however, with no increased 30-day-mortality (5.2% for elderly vs. 2.7%, p = 0.168). Survival was comparable in both groups (43.4 vs. 45.3 months, p = 0.579). Conclusions: Elderly patients should not be excluded from open major lung resections as the survival benefit is not reduced in selected patients.
A Smartphone Application for Personalized Tooth Shade Determination
Authors: Kusayanagi Tomoya , Maegawa Sota , Terauchi Shuya , Hashimoto Wataru , Kaneda Shohei
Published: June 2023

Tooth shade determination methods for evaluating the effectiveness of whitening products at home are limited. In this study, an iPhone app for personalized tooth shade determination was developed. While capturing dental photographs in selfie mode before and after whitening, the app can maintain consistent illumination and tooth appearance conditions that affect tooth color measurement. An ambient light sensor was used to standardize the illumination conditions. To maintain consistent tooth appearance conditions determined by appropriately opening the mouth, facial landmark detection, an artificial intelligence technique that estimates key face parts and outlines, was used. The effectiveness of the app in ensuring uniform tooth appearance was investigated through color measurements of the upper incisors of seven participants via photographs captured in succession. The coefficients of variation for incisors L*, a*, and b* were less than 0.0256 (95% CI, 0.0173–0.0338), 0.2748 (0.1596–0.3899), and 0.1053 (0.0078–0.2028), respectively. To examine the feasibility of the app for tooth shade determination, gel whitening after pseudo-staining by coffee and grape juice was performed. Consequently, whitening results were evaluated by monitoring the ∆Eab color difference values (1.3 unit minimum). Although tooth shade determination remains a relative quantification method, the proposed method can support evidence-based selection of whitening products.
Multiple Bone Destruction Secondary to Mycobacterium kansasii Pulmonary Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Dai Lu , Wu Yanyan , Zhou Xi , Liu Sen , Fan Junping , Xie Huaiya , Wang Luo , Tian Xinlun , Xu Wenbing
Published: June 2023

Mycobacterium kansasii infections predominantly manifest in immunocompromised people and are primarily responsible for lung disease and systemic disseminated infection. Osteopathy is a rare consequence of M. kansasii infection. Here, we present imaging data from a 44-year-old immunocompetent Chinese woman diagnosed with multiple bone destruction, particularly of the spine, secondary to M. kansasii pulmonary disease, which is easily misdiagnosed. The patient underwent an emergency operation after experiencing unexpected incomplete paraplegia during hospitalization, indicating an aggravation of bone destruction. Preoperative sputum testing and next-generation sequencing of DNA and RNA of intraoperative samples confirmed the diagnosis of M. kansasii infection. Treatment with anti-tuberculosis therapy and the subsequent patient response supported our diagnosis. Given the rarity of osteopathy secondary to M. kansasii infection in immunocompetent individuals, our case offers some insight into this diagnosis.
Peritoneal Carcinosis: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
Authors: Reginelli Alfonso , Giacobbe Giuliana , Del Canto Maria Teresa , Alessandrella Marina , Balestrucci Giovanni , Urraro Fabrizio , Russo Gaetano Maria , Gallo Luigi , Danti Ginevra , Frittoli Barbara , Stoppino Luca , Schettini Daria , Iafrate Franco , Cappabianca Salvatore , Laghi Andrea , Grassi Roberto , Brunese Luca , Barile Antonio , Miele Vittorio
Published: June 2023

Peritoneal carcinosis is a condition characterized by the spread of cancer cells to the peritoneum, which is the thin membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. It is a serious condition that can result from many different types of cancer, including ovarian, colon, stomach, pancreatic, and appendix cancer. The diagnosis and quantification of lesions in peritoneal carcinosis are critical in the management of patients with the condition, and imaging plays a central role in this process. Radiologists play a vital role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with peritoneal carcinosis. They need to have a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, the underlying neoplasms, and the typical imaging findings. In addition, they need to be aware of the differential diagnoses and the advantages and disadvantages of the various imaging methods available. Imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and quantification of lesions, and radiologists play a critical role in this process. Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and PET/CT scans are used to diagnose peritoneal carcinosis. Each imaging procedure has advantages and disadvantages, and particular imaging techniques are recommended based on patient conditions. Our aim is to provide knowledge to radiologists regarding appropriate techniques, imaging findings, differential diagnoses, and treatment options. With the advent of AI in oncology, the future of precision medicine appears promising, and the interconnection between structured reporting and AI is likely to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes for patients with peritoneal carcinosis.
Coronary Angiography Upgraded by Imaging Post-Processing: Present and Future Directions
Authors: Caullery Benoit , Riou Laurent , Barone-Rochette Gilles
Published: June 2023

Advances in computer technology and image processing now allow us to obtain from angiographic images a large variety of information on coronary physiology without the use of a guide-wire as a diagnostic information equivalent to FFR and iFR but also information allowing for the performance of a real virtual percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and finally the ability to obtain information to optimize the results of PCI. With specific software, it is now possible to have a real upgrading of invasive coronary angiography. In this review, we present the different advances in this field and discuss the future perspectives offered by this technology.
Fusion of Graph and Tabular Deep Learning Models for Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Rao Patike Kiran , Chatterjee Subarna , Nagaraju K , Khan Surbhi B. , Almusharraf Ahlam , Alharbi Abdullah I.
Published: June 2023

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a considerable global health challenge, emphasizing the need for precise and prompt prediction of disease progression to enable early intervention and enhance patient outcomes. As per this study, we introduce an innovative fusion deep learning model that combines a Graph Neural Network (GNN) and a tabular data model for predicting CKD progression by capitalizing on the strengths of both graph-structured and tabular data representations. The GNN model processes graph-structured data, uncovering intricate relationships between patients and their medical conditions, while the tabular data model adeptly manages patient-specific features within a conventional data format. An extensive comparison of the fusion model, GNN model, tabular data model, and a baseline model was conducted utilizing various evaluation metrics, encompassing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The fusion model exhibited outstanding performance across all metrics, underlining its augmented capacity for predicting CKD progression. The GNN model’s performance closely trailed the fusion model, accentuating the advantages of integrating graph-structured data into the prediction process. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using grid search, ensuring a fair comparison among the models. The fusion model displayed consistent performance across diverse data splits, demonstrating its adaptability to dataset variations and resilience against noise and outliers. In conclusion, the proposed fusion deep learning model, which amalgamates the capabilities of both the GNN model and the tabular data model, substantially surpasses the individual models and the baseline model in predicting CKD progression. This pioneering approach provides a more precise and dependable method for early detection and management of CKD, highlighting its potential to advance the domain of precision medicine and elevate patient care.
All That Glitters in cfDNA Analysis Is Not Gold or Its Utility Is Completely Established Due to Graft Damage: A Critical Review in the Field of Transplantation
Authors: Jiménez-Coll Victor , El kaaoui El band Jaouad , Llorente Santiago , González-López Rosana , Fernández-González Marina , Martínez-Banaclocha Helios , Galián José Antonio , Botella Carmen , Moya-Quiles María Rosa , Minguela Alfredo , Legaz Isabel , Muro Manuel
Published: June 2023

In kidney transplantation, a biopsy is currently the gold standard for monitoring the transplanted organ. However, this is far from an ideal screening method given its invasive nature and the discomfort it can cause the patient. Large-scale studies in renal transplantation show that approximately 1% of biopsies generate major complications, with a risk of macroscopic hematuria greater than 3.5%. It would not be until 2011 that a method to detect donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) employing digital PCR was devised based on analyzing the differences in SNPs between the donor and recipient. In addition, since the initial validation studies were carried out at the specific moments in which rejection was suspected, there is still not a good understanding of how dd-cfDNA levels naturally evolve post-transplant. In addition, various factors, both in the recipient and the donor, can influence dd-cfDNA levels and cause increases in the levels of dd-cfDNA themselves without suspicion of rejection. All that glitters in this technology is not gold; therefore, in this article, we discuss the current state of clinical studies, the benefits, and disadvantages.
Analysis of Intestinal and Nasopharyngeal Microbiota of Children with Meningococcemia in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: INMACS-PICU Study
Authors: Bozan Gurkan , Pérez-Brocal Vicente , Aslan Kaan , Kiral Eylem , Sevketoglu Esra , Uysal Yazici Mutlu , Azapagasi Ebru , Kendirli Tanil , Emeksiz Serhat , Dursun Oguz , Yildizdas Dincer , Anil Ayse Berna , Akcay Nihal , Kihtir Hasan Serdar , Havan Merve , Ulgen Tekerek Nazan , Ekinci Faruk , Kilic Omer , Moya Andres , Dinleyici Ener Cagri
Published: June 2023

Microbiota composition might play a role in the pathophysiology and course of sepsis, and understanding its dynamics is of clinical interest. Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an important cause of community-acquired serious infection, and there is no information regarding microbiota composition in children with meningococcemia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the intestinal and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition of children with IMD. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, multi-center study, 10 children with meningococcemia and 10 age-matched healthy controls were included. Nasopharyngeal and fecal samples were obtained at admission to the intensive care unit and on the tenth day of their hospital stay. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified following the 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation. Results: Regarding the alpha diversity on the day of admission and on the tenth day at the PICU, the Shannon index was significantly lower in the IMD group compared to the control group (p = 0.002 at admission and p = 0.001, on the tenth day of PICU). A statistical difference in the stool samples was found between the IMD group at Day 0 vs. the controls in the results of the Bray–Curtis and Jaccard analyses (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively). There were differences in the intestinal microbiota composition between the children with IMD at admission and Day 10 and the healthy controls. Regarding the nasopharyngeal microbiota analysis, in the children with IMD at admission, at the genus level, Neisseria was significantly more abundant compared to the healthy children (p < 0.001). In the children with IMD at Day 10, genera Moraxella and Neisseria were decreased compared to the healthy children. In the children with IMD on Day 0, for paired samples, Moraxella, Neisseria, and Haemophilus were significantly more abundant compared to the children with IMD at Day 10. In the children with IMD at Day 10, the Moraxella and Neisseria genera were decreased, and 20 different genera were more abundant compared to Day 0. Conclusions: We first found alterations in the intestinal and nasopharyngeal microbiota composition in the children with IMD. The infection itself or the other care interventions also caused changes to the microbiota composition during the follow-up period. Understanding the interaction of microbiota with pathogens, e.g., N. meningitidis, could give us the opportunity to understand the disease’s dynamics.
The Multidimensional Logistic Model According to the Forecast of Employment of Graduates of Institutions of Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Khassenova Laura A. , Yessirkepova Altyn M. , Seidakhmetov Marat K. , Bigeldiyeva Zarema A. , Zhakipbekov Dinmukhamed S.
Published: June 2023

This article constructs a multidimensional logistic model for predicting the employment of graduates of higher educational institutions trained under the program of academic mobility, using the example of Kazakh universities. The purpose of the research is to identify the relationship between academic mobility and the employment of university graduates, as well as the necessary skills and competencies that can promote academic mobility in higher education institutions. This paper presents the results of calculating correlation coefficients and conducting a chi-square test, which demonstrated a relationship between the dependent variable and other questions in the graduate questionnaire. After the discovery of pairwise relationships, a multivariate logistic model was built that included statistically significant categories of responses. As a result, it was determined that the usefulness of participation in the academic mobility program is influenced by foreign language proficiency, an increase in academic mobility, the development of educational programs based on the needs of the labor market, as well as an increase in the weight of those methods that form practical skills in information analysis and the creation of public spaces in the labor market. The model demonstrated good predictive properties, which can be used to predict those individuals who were helped by academic mobility in finding employment.
Experimental Comparison of a New 1.2 kV 4H-SiC Split-Gate MOSFET with Conventional SiC MOSFETs in Terms of Reliability Robustness
Authors: Liu Hao , Wei Jiaxing , Wei Zhaoxiang , Liu Siyang , Shi Longxing
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we compare a new 1.2 kV rated 4H-SiC split-gate (SG) MOSFET with the conventional planar-gate (PG) MOSFETs. Both structures were fabricated with the same design rules and process platform. Therefore, the structures have similar electrical parameters, such as ON-state drain-source resistance (RON), breakdown voltage (BV), threshold voltage (Vth), and body diode forward voltage (VSD). It is shown that the Ciss/Coss/Crss capacitances of the SG-MOSFET can be reduced by 7%/8%/17%, respectively, compared with PG-MOSFET. It is also shown that the SG-MOSFET has the potential to reduce switching losses without compromising the static performance. Moreover, it maintains the robustness of the device, and an optimized layout design with spaced holes in the gate poly is adopted. Therefore, there is no obvious degradation between the SG-MOSFET and the PG-MOSFET in terms of avalanche and short-circuit endurance capabilities.
A Product-Design-Change-Based Recovery Control Algorithm for Supply Chain Disruption Problem
Authors: Chen Jingze , Kang Haodong , Wang Hongfeng
Published: June 2023

In very recent years, large-scale disruptions brought by major global and local emergencies have posed many challenges with respect to the recovery control of supply chain systems. This work investigates a problem regarding the optimal control of a supply chain by considering product design change in order to enable manufacturers to recover their disrupted supply chain quickly. A two-layer optimization model is developed, in which the lower model is used to optimize the product design change path, and the upper model is used to select the appropriate alternative suppliers and schedule the delivery of customer orders. To solve the developed model, a hybrid ant colony optimization (HACO) algorithm is designed, which is combined with a Gurobi solver and uses some special strategies. The validity of the proposed algorithm is illustrated experimentally through computational tests and systematic comparison with the existing methods. It is reported that the losses caused by supply chain disruptions are reduced significantly. The proposed model and algorithm can provide a potentially useful tool that can help manufacturers decide upon the optimal form of recovery control when a supply chain system experiences a massive supply disruption.
Towards Resilient and Secure Smart Grids against PMU Adversarial Attacks: A Deep Learning-Based Robust Data Engineering Approach
Authors: Berghout Tarek , Benbouzid Mohamed , Amirat Yassine
Published: June 2023

In an attempt to provide reliable power distribution, smart grids integrate monitoring, communication, and control technologies for better energy consumption and management. As a result of such cyberphysical links, smart grids become vulnerable to cyberattacks, highlighting the significance of detecting and monitoring such attacks to uphold their security and dependability. Accordingly, the use of phasor measurement units (PMUs) enables real-time monitoring and control, providing informed-decisions data and making it possible to sense abnormal behavior indicative of cyberattacks. Similar to the ways it dominates other fields, deep learning has brought a lot of interest to the realm of cybersecurity. A common formulation for this issue is learning under data complexity, unavailability, and drift connected to increasing cardinality, imbalance brought on by data scarcity, and fast change in data characteristics, respectively. To address these challenges, this paper suggests a deep learning monitoring method based on robust feature engineering, using PMU data with greater accuracy, even within the presence of cyberattacks. The model is initially investigated using condition monitoring data to identify various disturbances in smart grids free from adversarial attacks. Then, a minimally disruptive experiment using adversarial attack injection with various reality-imitating techniques is conducted, inadvertently damaging the original data and using it to retrain the deep network, boosting its resistance to manipulations. Compared to previous studies, the proposed method demonstrated promising results and better accuracy, making it a potential option for smart grid condition monitoring. The full set of experimental scenarios performed in this study is available online.
Ship Trajectory Prediction Based on the TTCN-Attention-GRU Model
Authors: Lin Zu , Yue Weiqi , Huang Jie , Wan Jian
Published: June 2023

As shipping continues to play an increasingly important role in world trade, there are consequently a large number of ships at sea at any given time, posing a risk to maritime traffic safety. Therefore, the tracking and monitoring of ships at sea has gradually attracted the attention of scholars. Ship trajectory prediction comprises an important aspect of ship tracking and monitoring. Trajectory prediction describes the forecasting of a ship’s future trajectory over a period of time through use of historical trajectory information of the ship, so as to predict the sailing dynamics of the ship in advance. Accurate trajectory prediction can help maritime regulatory authorities improve supervision efficiency and reduce collisions between ships. Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) offers good time memory ability and has shown better performance in time series prediction in recent years. Ship trajectory sequence belongs to the category of time series. Thus, in this paper, we introduce TCN into the field of ship trajectory prediction and improve on it, and propose Tiered-TCN (TTCN). The attention mechanism is a way to help neural networks learn data features by highlighting features that have a greater impact on predicted values. Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) is an important variant of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), which bears a strong nonlinear fitting ability. In this paper, TTCN, attention mechanism and GRU network are integrated to construct a hybrid model for trajectory prediction, which is referred to as TTCN-Attention-GRU (TTAG). By optimizing the advantages of each module, the prediction effect is achieved with high precision. The experimental results show that the TTAG model is superior to all the baseline models presented in this paper.
Calcium Borohydride Ca(BH4)2: Fundamentals, Prediction and Probing for High-Capacity Energy Storage Applications, Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
Authors: Comanescu Cezar
Published: June 2023

Calcium borohydride (Ca(BH4)2) is a complex hydride that has been less investigated compared to its lighter counterpart, magnesium borohydride. While offering slightly lower hydrogen storage capacity (11.5 wt% theoretical maximum, 9.6 wt% under actual dehydrogenation conditions), there are many improvement avenues for maximizing the reversible hydrogen storage that have been explored recently, from DFT calculations and polymorph investigations to reactive hydride composites (RHCs) and catalytic and nanosizing effects. The stability of Ca(BH4)2, the possibility of regeneration from spent products, and the relatively mild dehydrogenation conditions make calcium borohydride an attractive compound for hydrogen storage purposes. The ionic conductivity enhancements brought about by the rich speciation of borohydride anions can extend the use of Ca(BH4)2 to battery applications, considering the abundance of Ca relative to alkali metal borohydrides typically used for this purpose. The current work aims to review the synthetic strategies, structural considerations of various polymorphs and adducts, and hydrogen storage capacity of composites based on calcium borohydrides and related complex hydrides (mixed anions, mixed cations, additives, catalysts, etc.). Additional applications related to batteries, organic and organometallic chemistry, and catalysis have been briefly described.
Enhancement of the Catalytic Effect on the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid Using MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Jiwanti Prastika Krisma , Alfaza Asmaul Mashad , Kadja Grandprix T. M. , Natalya Suci A. C. , Sagita Fuja , Einaga Yasuaki , Purwaningsih Aning , Amalina Ilma , Rizki Intan Nurul
Published: June 2023

The rising concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) as one of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is a major source of worry. Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is one of many ways to convert CO2 gas into usable compounds. An electrochemical technique was applied in this study to reduce CO2 using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode modified with MXene (Ti3C2Tx) material to improve electrode performance. MXene concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL (MXene-BDD 0.5), 1.0 mg/mL (MXene-BDD 1.0), and 2.0 mg/mL (MXene-BDD 2.0) were drop-casted onto the BDD surface. MXene was effectively deposited on top of the BDD surface, with Ti weight loads of 0.12%, 4.06%, and 7.14% on MXene-BDD 0.5, MXene-BDD 1.0, and MXene-BDD 2.0, respectively. The modified working electrode was employed for CO2 electroreduction with optimal CO2 gas aeration. The existence of the MXene substance in BDD reduced the electroreduction overpotential of CO2. For the final result, we found that the MXene-BDD 2.0 electrode effectively generated the most formic acid product with a maximum reduction potential as low as −1.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).
Homologous Overexpression of Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 8 Enhanced Free Fatty Acid Accumulation in Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides WJ11
Authors: Xin Feifei , Gao Meng , Chang Yufei , Dang Wenrui , Wang Ruixue , Yuan Hongjuan , Xie Zhike , Zhao Yanlei , Song Yuanda , Rong Chunchi , Zhang Huaiyuan
Published: June 2023

Thioesterases play an essential role in the metabolism of fatty acids since they are considered one of the key enzymes to change the total amount and composition of fatty acid in an organism’s cells. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8 (ACOT8) exhibits substrate specificity mainly for short- to long-chain acyl-CoA. To identify and characterize the ACOT8 enzyme’s superfamily in Mucor circinelloides, three genes were characterized and homologously expressed in M. circinelloides WJ11 which has been used as a model organism to investigate the mechanism of lipid accumulation. Multiple sequence alignment showed that McACOT8s had significant conserved motifs in the ACOT8 family. Experimental data indicated that the biomass of the three recombinant strains (McACOT8a, McACOT8b and McACOT8c) was slightly lower than that of the control strain Mc2075, but the total fatty acid (TFA) content was significantly increased by 30.3, 21.5 and 23.9%, respectively, and the free fatty acid production increased from 12.9% (control strain) to 19.2, 25.2 and 26.2% (recombinant types), respectively, with a maximum increase of 103.1% in McACOT8c. The three strains did not show any significant improvement in fatty acid composition compared to the control strain. However, in terms of fatty acid composition of free fatty acid, McACOT8b and McACOT8c contained γ-linolenic acid (C18:3), which was not detected in the control strain or in McACOT8a, indicating that ACOT8b and ACOT8c had substrate specificity for C18:3. These results displayed that ACOT8 can increase TFA accumulation and that it may be an important target of genetic manipulation for microbial oil production.
Development of a Ready-to-Eat Fish Product Enriched with Fish Oil Entrapped in a κ-Carrageenan Egg White Fish Protein Hydrolysate Dry Powder
Authors: Gómez-Guillén María Carmen , Pérez-García Selene , Alemán Ailén , López-Caballero María Elvira , Sotelo Carmen G. , Montero María Pilar
Published: June 2023

This work describes the development of a ready-to-eat (RTE) product based on an equal mixture of fish mince from three undervalued fish species with different fat contents and protein gelling capacity, which was enriched with fish oil entrapped in a κ-carrageenan egg white fish protein hydrolysate powder, obtained by either spray drying (SD) or heat drying (HD) at 80 °C (HD80). Previously, the spray-dried (SD) powder and heat-dried powders obtained at 45 °C, 60 °C and 80 °C (HD45, HD60 and HD80) were characterised in terms of water solubility, lipid oxidation (TBARS), hygroscopicity and ζ potential. All HD powders showed higher hygroscopicity and lower TBARS than the SD powder. The dry powder was incorporated into a blend composed of salt-ground batter and raw mince to improve binding and textural properties. Changes in water-holding capacity, colour, shear strength and microorganisms were monitored during the processing steps. The RTE product presented a high protein content and a noticeable amount of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids. The use of undervalued fish species together with fish oil and a protein hydrolysate from fish waste contribute to improving the sustainability of fishery resources, being conducive to obtaining a potentially functional RTE product.
Foaming and Other Functional Properties of Freeze-Dried Mare’s Milk
Authors: Cais-Sokolińska Dorota , Teichert Joanna , Gawałek Jolanta
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the freeze-drying process on the preservation of mare’s milk. This was achieved through the characterization of the functional properties of reconstituted freeze-dried mare’s milk. The chemical composition, bulk density, foam capacity, and ability to form emulsions of the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid index were investigated. The freeze-drying process did not change the proportion of the milk components in the dry matter. The moisture content of the freeze-dried mare’s milk was 10.3 g/kg and the bulk was below 0.1 g/mL. The foaming capacity was 111.3%; hence, the foaming capacity of the milk was very poor. The oil binding capacity was 2.19 g/g of protein. The freeze-drying process improves the binding degree and retention of oil by milk proteins, but produced foam was unstable, short-lived, and lacked the ability to retain air fractions. The atherogenic index and thrombogenic index values calculated for reconstituted milk were 1.02 and 0.53, respectively. The hypercholesterolemia fatty acid index was 25.01.
Potential of Syzygnium polyanthum as Natural Food Preservative: A Review
Authors: Julizan Nur , Ishmayana Safri , Zainuddin Achmad , Van Hung Pham , Kurnia Dikdik
Published: June 2023

Food preservation is one of the strategies taken to maintain the level of public health. Oxidation activity and microbial contamination are the primary causes of food spoilage. For health reasons, people prefer natural preservatives over synthetic ones. Syzygnium polyanthum is widely spread throughout Asia and is utilized as a spice by the community. S. polyanthum has been found to be rich in phenols, hydroquinones, tannins, and flavonoids, which are potential antioxidants and antimicrobial agents. Consequently, S. polyanthum presents a tremendous opportunity as a natural preservative. This paper reviews recent articles about S. polyanthum dating back to the year 2000. This review summarizes the findings of natural compounds presented in S. polyanthum and their functional properties as antioxidants, antimicrobial agents, and natural preservatives in various types of food.
A Novel Edible Coating Produced from a Wheat Gluten, Pistacia vera L. Resin, and Essential Oil Blend: Antimicrobial Effects and Sensory Properties on Chicken Breast Fillets
Authors: Barazi Aykut Önder , Mehmetoğlu Arzu Çağrı , Erkmen Osman
Published: June 2023

Antimicrobial edible coatings can eliminate the risk of pathogen contamination on the surface of poultry products during storage. In this study, an edible coating (EC) based on wheat gluten, Pistacia vera L. tree resin (PVR), and the essential oil (EO) of PVR was applied on chicken breast fillets (CBF) by a dipping method to prevent the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes. The samples were packed in foam trays wrapped with low-density polyethylene stretch film and stored at 8 °C for 12 days to observe the antimicrobial effects and sensory properties. The total bacteria count (TBC), L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium were recorded during storage. The samples coated with EC, containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% v/v EO (ECEO), showed significant decreases in microbial growth compared to the control samples. The growth of TBC, L. monocytogenes, and S. Typhimurium was suppressed by 4.6, 3.2, and 1.6 logs, respectively, at the end of 12 days on the samples coated with ECEO (2%) compared to the uncoated controls (p < 0.05). Coating with ECEO (2%) also preserved the appearance, smell, and general acceptance parameters better than uncoated raw chicken (p < 0.05) on the fifth day of storage. In grilled chicken samples, ECEO (2%) did not significantly change the appearance, smell, and texture (p > 0.05) but increased the taste and general acceptance scores. Therefore, ECEO (2%) can be a feasible and reliable alternative to preserve CBFs without adversely affecting their sensory properties.
Effectiveness of Polyphenols on Perinatal Brain Damage: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies
Authors: Pontes Paula Brielle , Toscano Ana Elisa , Lacerda Diego Cabral , da Silva Araújo Eulália Rebeca , Costa Paulo César Trindade da , Alves Swane Miranda , Brito Alves José Luiz de , Manhães-de-Castro Raul
Published: June 2023

Polyphenol supplementation during early life has been associated with a reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in diseases caused by oxygen deprivation, including cerebral palsy, hydrocephaly, blindness, and deafness. Evidence has shown that perinatal polyphenols supplementation may alleviate brain injury in embryonic, fetal, neonatal, and offspring subjects, highlighting its role in modulating adaptative responses involving phenotypical plasticity. Therefore, it is reasonable to infer that the administration of polyphenols during the early life period may be considered a potential intervention to modulate the inflammatory and oxidative stress that cause impairments in locomotion, cognitive, and behavioral functions throughout life. The beneficial effects of polyphenols are linked with several mechanisms, including epigenetic alterations, involving the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. To highlight these new perspectives, the objective of this systematic review was to summarize the understanding emerging from preclinical studies about polyphenol supplementation, its capacity to minimize brain injury caused by hypoxia-ischemia in terms of morphological, inflammatory, and oxidative parameters and its repercussions for motor and behavioral functions.