bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Durability of a Drag Reducing Solution
Authors: Mik V. , Myska J. , Chara Z. , Stern P.
Published: June 2019

Effectiveness of drag reduction by small addition of a surfactant in the turbulent flow of water depends on the structure and concentration of the additive, temperature of the solution and turbulence intensity, possible flow disturbance by a mechanical obstacle and the content of ions in water, but also on the age of the surfactant solution. We show how important aging effects are in connection with total surfactant concentration, in particular how rheological parameters of the drag reducing solution change with time.
Physical Aging and Thixotropy in Sludge Rheology
Authors: Baudez J.C.
Published: June 2019

Sewage sludge presents a dual rheological behaviour with an abrupt change between the two regimes. Using a new technique of reconstruction of the velocity profile, the behaviour can be modelled by a unique equation including liquid and solid components but also a structural parameter. It is also rigorously demonstrated that the only one rheological behaviour in steady state in the liquid regime is a truncated power-law which can be defined only for a shear rate and a shear stress higher than a critical value, γ̇c and τc. Moreover, the critical shear rate and shear stress increase with the solid content and depend on the fractal dimension of flocs which implies that thixotropic effects are all the more important as the sludge is thick and fresh.
Shear Flow and Large Amplitude Oscillation Shear Study of Solutions of Aggregating Micellar Casein Particles
Authors: Pitkowski Anne , Nicolai Taco , Durand Dominique
Published: June 2019

Small micellar casein particles were formed in aqueous solutions of native casein after addition of polyphosphate. These so-called submicelles aggregated and gelled with a rate that increased with increasing temperature. The evolution of the viscosity during this process was determined at constant shear rate or shear stress. When applying a small shear stress the viscosity increased strongly until the shear rate became immeasurably slow, but when the applied shear stress exceeded a critical value (σc) the aggregates broke up and the viscosity reached a maximum. At longer times the viscosity decreased rapidly at first, followed by a very slow decrease. σc was independent of the shear rate and heating temperature, but increased strongly with increasing casein concentration. At constant shear rate the stress remained close to σc, but fluctuated irregularly. After cessation of shear flow, gels were formed rapidly. Oscillation shear measurements for σ > σc showed a strongly non-linear response at the time of maximum viscosity.
The Viscosity of Extremely Low Concentrated Anionic Polyelectrolyte Solutions
Authors: Gampert Bernhard , Wilkes Christoph , Eich Thomas
Published: June 2019

Polyelectrolytes are macromolecules which carry a large quantity of ionizable groups along their chains. By dissolving them in suitable solvents, for example water, these groups dissociate in highly charged macroions and an equivalent quantity of low-molecular counter ions. Through the connection between polymer and electrolyte properties this class of materials obtains its peculiar characteristic behaviour. The experiments undertaken here, were carried out using a commercial, anionic polyacrylamide with different hydrolysis factors in aqueous solutions. The reduced viscosity reaches a maximum which depends on the polymer concentration. The maximum also depends on the molar mass and is a function of the hydrolysis factor of the polymer.
Fetal cardiotocography monitoring using Legendre neural networks
Authors: Alsayyari Abdulaziz
Published: June 2019

A new technique for electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) using an efficient structure of neural networks based on the Legendre series is presented in this paper. Such a structure is achieved by training a Legendre series-based neural network (LNN) to classify the different fetal states based on recorded cardiotocographic (CTG) data sets given by others. These data sets consist of measurements of fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC). The applied LNN utilizes a Legendre series expansion for the input vectors and, hence, has the capability to produce explicit equations describing multi-input multi-output systems. Simulations of the proposed technique in EFM demonstrate its high efficiency. Training the LNN requires a few number of iterations (5–10 epochs). The applied technique makes the classification of the fetal state available through equations combining the trained LNN weights and the current measured CTG record. A comparison of performance between the proposed LNN and other popular neural network techniques such as the Volterra neural network (VNN) in EFM is provided. The comparison shows that, the LNN outperforms the VNN in case of less computational requirements and fast convergence with a lower mean square error.
Molecular and morphological reappraisal of Spyridiocolax capixabus (Spyridiaceae, Rhodophyta), a rare endemic parasite from Brazil
Authors: Chen Daniella Harumi , Soares Luanda Pereira , Fujii Mutue Toyota
Published: June 2019

The monotypic red algal parasite genus Spyridiocolax was proposed from material from the coast of Espírito Santo to accommodate Spyridiocolax capixabus, endemic from Brazil. The species is rare, and we performed a morphological reappraisal and the first molecular characterization of S. capixabus. Parasite specimens growing on Spyridia clavata were collected in the type locality, Itaoca Beach, Espírito Santo. Spyridiocolax capixabus forms colorless warts on the branches of S. clavata, and the secondary pit connections were described for the first time. Male, female and tetrasporophytic structures were observed growing in the same host plant. The plastid rbcL sequences of parasite and host were identical. A divergence of one nucleotide was found to the nuclear SSU rRNA gene, suggesting that the parasite retains the chloroplast of its host. Both plastidial and nuclear phylogenies supported the close relationship of S. capixabus and S. clavata. The data obtained corroborate other studies with rhodophycean parasites, which show morphological and molecular similarities between parasites and hosts. To maintain the monophyly of the host genus, the transfer of S. capixabus to Spyridia is proposed here on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Our study constitutes a starting point for reinvestigating the red algal parasites in Brazil.
A step forward in identifying the right human chorionic gonadotropin assay for testicular cancer
Authors: Ferraro Simona , Panteghini Mauro
Published: June 2019

Clinical practice guidelines for the management of germ cell tumors recommend the measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and/or free hCGβ subunit for earlier diagnosis/recognition of the residual disease, for the prognostic evaluation and for the post-chemotherapy surveillance. However, the marketed hCG assays are validated and approved only for pregnancy purposes, with the sole exception of the Elecsys ‘hCG+β’ assay (Roche Diagnostics), cleared in Europe for oncological application. Theoretically, the hCG assay design for oncological purposes should fulfil the recommendations of the International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers requiring the use of antibodies displaying an equimolar recognition of both intact hCG and hCGβ monomer. Further analytical requirements should also be considered, such as optimal analytical sensitivity to allow an early tumor detection and low cross-reactivity for luteinizing hormone (LH). For the Elecsys assay, the detection limit (0.2 U/L) and the reported cross-reactivity for LH (0.12%) may be considered adequate if compared with the recommended requirements. Another issue is the definition of decision limits for oncologic purposes. After 3 years of clinical experience using the Elecsys assay in the oncology setting, we were able to define limits partitioned by sex and age as follows: males <50 years, 0.3 U/L; males >50 years, 2.3 U/L; female <50 years, 2.1 U/L; female >50 years, 5.6 U/L. There is an urgent need to disseminate appropriate educational information and to boost the clinical use of selective, highly sensitive and precise assays, specifically manufactured for cancer application.
Least-Squares Methods for Elasticity and Stokes Equations with Weakly Imposed Symmetry
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Cai Zhiqiang , Park Eun Young
Published: June 2019

This paper develops and analyzes two least-squares methods for the numerical solution
of linear elasticity and Stokes equations in both two and three dimensions.
Both approaches use the

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm to define least-squares functionals.
One is based on the stress-displacement/velocity-rotation/vorticity-pressure (SDRP/SVVP)
formulation, and the other is based on the stress-displacement/velocity-rotation/vorticity (SDR/SVV) formulation.
The introduction of the rotation/vorticity variable enables us to weakly enforce the symmetry of the stress.
It is shown that the homogeneous least-squares functionals
are elliptic and continuous in the norm of

H
⁢

(
div
;
Ω
)

{H(\mathrm{div};\Omega)}

for the stress, of

H
1

⁢

(
Ω
)

{H^{1}(\Omega)}

for the
displacement/velocity, and of

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

{L^{2}(\Omega)}

for the rotation/vorticity and the pressure.
This immediately implies optimal error estimates in the energy norm for conforming finite element
approximations. As well, it admits optimal multigrid
solution methods if Raviart–Thomas finite element spaces are used to approximate the stress tensor.
Through a refined duality argument, an optimal

L
2

{L^{2}}

norm error estimates for the displacement/velocity
are also established.
Finally, numerical results for a Cook’s membrane problem of planar elasticity are included in order to illustrate the
robustness of our method in the incompressible limit.
Difference Schemes on Uniform Grids for an Initial-Boundary Value Problem for a Singularly Perturbed Parabolic Convection-Diffusion Equation
Authors: Shishkin Grigorii I. , Shishkina Lidia P.
Published: June 2019

The convergence of difference schemes on uniform grids for an initial-boundary value problem for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation is studied; the highest x-derivative in the equation is multiplied by a perturbation parameter ε taking arbitrary values in the interval

(
0
,
1
]

{(0,1]}

.
For small ε, the problem involves a boundary layer of width

𝒪
⁢

(
ε
)

{\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon)}

, where the solution changes by a finite value, while its derivative grows unboundedly as ε tends to zero.
We construct a standard difference scheme on uniform meshes based on the classical monotone grid approximation (upwind approximation of the first-order derivatives).
Using a priori estimates, we show that such a scheme converges as

{

ε
⁢
N

}

,

N
0

→
∞

{\{\varepsilon N\},N_{0}\to\infty}

in the maximum norm with first-order accuracy in

{

ε
⁢
N

}

{\{\varepsilon N\}}

and

N
0

{N_{0}}

; as

N
,

N
0

→
∞

{N,N_{0}\to\infty}

, the convergence is conditional with respect to
N, where

N
+
1

{N+1}

and

N
0

+
1

{N_{0}+1}

are the numbers of mesh points in x and t, respectively.
We develop an improved difference scheme on uniform meshes using the grid approximation of the first x-derivative in the convective term by the central difference operator under the condition

h
≤

m
⁢
ε

{h\leq m\varepsilon}

, which ensures the monotonicity of the scheme; here m is some rather small positive constant.
It is proved that this scheme converges in the maximum norm at a rate of

𝒪
⁢

(

ε

-
2

⁢

N

-
2

+

N
0

-
1

)

{\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon^{-2}N^{-2}+N^{-1}_{0})}

.
We compare the convergence rate of the developed scheme with the known Samarskii scheme for a regular problem.
It is found that the improved scheme (for

ε
=
1

{\varepsilon=1}

), as well as the Samarskii scheme, converges in the maximum norm with second-order accuracy in
x and first-order accuracy in
t.
A glimpse of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications
Authors: Shah Tejas V. , Vasava Dilip V.
Published: June 2019

Over the past two decades, biodegradable polymers (BPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications such as drug carrier, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, medical devices, and antibacterial/antifouling biomaterials. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as chemical, mechanical and physiochemical properties of BPs, their improved processibility, functionality and sensitivity towards stimuli. The present review intended to highlight main results of research on advances and improvements in terms of synthesis, physical properties, stimuli response, and/or applicability of biodegradable plastics (BPs) during last two decades, and its biomedical applications. Recent literature relevant to this study has been cited and their developing trends and challenges of BPs have also been discussed.
Maximal subalgebras of finite-dimensional algebras
Authors: Iovanov Miodrag Cristian , Sistko Alexander Harris
Published: June 2019

We study maximal associative subalgebras of an arbitrary finite-dimensional associative algebra B over a field

𝕂

{\mathbb{K}}

and obtain full classification/description results of such algebras.
This is done by first obtaining a complete classification in the semisimple case and then lifting to non-semisimple algebras.
The results are sharpest in the case of algebraically closed fields and take special forms for algebras presented by quivers with relations.
We also relate representation theoretic properties of the algebra and its maximal and other subalgebras and provide a series of embeddings between quivers, incidence algebras and other structures which relate indecomposable representations of algebras and some subalgebras via induction/restriction functors.
Some results in literature are also re-derived as a particular case, and other applications are given.
#MeToo: A tentacular movement of positionality and legal powers
Authors: Marusek Sarah , Wagner Anne
Published: June 2019

Kraken theory aims at showing that legal theory and practice are not built as a single block, but are more a kind of tentacular movement of positionality and legal powers, offering competing theoretical and practical angles from which Kraken and Octopus can choose their distinctive moves to act for and/or against #MeToo. It shows how these varieties of rumors are distributed in #MeToo, when they may scrutinize their next strategic moves (be it at the surface or for purposes of defamation), and why the mechanism of distinctiveness inherent in this hashtag is explored within the spatio-temporal perspectives of U.S.A. and France.
Selective receptor-mediated impairment of growth factor activity in neonatal- and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
Authors: Al-Essa Mazen , Dhaunsi Gursev S.
Published: June 2019

Background

Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (n-ALD) and X-linked ALD (X-ALD) patients present with demyelination, poor growth and progressive mental retardation. Growth factors are known to play a vital role in the development of children.

Objective

To examine the mitogenic activity of various growth factors in skin fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients.

Methods

Skin fibroblast cultures from n-ALD and X-ALD patients, and controls were treated with 50 ng/mL of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to examine DNA synthesis by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Expression of receptors for PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was measured by western blotting. Serum levels of IGF-1 were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Fibroblasts from n-ALD and X-ALD patients had significantly (p < 0.01) less BrdU incorporation in response to fetal bovine serum (FBS). The mitogenic effect of PDGF, bFGF and IGF-1 was significantly lower in n-ALD as compared to control and X-ALD cells. X-ALD cells showed significant impairment in IGF-1-induced DNA synthesis. Expression of the FGF receptor (FGF-R) was significantly reduced in n-ALD cells. PDGF receptor remained unaffected, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in n-ALD and X-ALD patients as compared to controls.

Conclusions

Growth factor activity differs in n-ALD and X-ALD patients, with marked impairment of IGF-1 function through receptor down-regulation.
Idioms: The type-sensitive storage model
Authors: Horvath Julia , Siloni Tal
Published: June 2019

Idiom surveys conducted on both English and Hebrew motivate a distinction between phrasal idioms, which are headed by a lexical head, and clausal idioms, which involve sentential functional material. The surveys show that these two types of idioms have different patterns of distribution across diathesis alternations. A verbal passive phrasal idiom necessarily shares its idiomatic meaning with the corresponding transitive, while the unaccusative, adjectival passive and transitive can head their own phrasal idioms. This behavior of phrasal idioms contrasts with the strong tendency of clausal idioms to be specific to a single diathesis. The Type-Sensitive Storage (TSS) model, which we propose, accounts for these findings, by motivating a different storage (lexical listing) strategy for each idiom-type. Phrasal idioms are argued to be stored as subentries, while clausal idioms are independent entries. Assuming the verbal passive is derived post-lexically, thus lacking its own lexical entry, the model explains why it cannot host idiomatic meanings specific to it. In contrast, the adjectival passive, unaccusative and transitive have their own lexical entries under the model, and thus can have their own idiomatic meanings. Clausal idioms are stored as independent entries, and therefore their storage does not depend on the existence of other lexical entries.
Extension of complete monotonicity results involving the digamma function
Authors: Nantomah Kwara
Published: June 2019

By using some analytical techniques, we prove a complete monotonicity property of a certain function involving the (p, k)-digamma function. Subsequently, we derive some inequalities for the (p, k)- digamma function. As special cases of the established results, we deduce some new results concerning the p-digamma and the k-digamma functions. Our results are extensions of some previous results due to Qiu and Vuorinen, Mortici, and Merovci.
Strafzumessung und Medienberichterstattung
Authors: Hoven Elisa
Published: June 2019

Die deutsche Justiz wird in der öffentlichen Diskussion mit einer gewissen Regelmäßigkeit als »zu milde« oder »zu täterfreundlich« kritisiert. Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Menschen bezieht ihre Informationen über Urteile und Strafzumessung allein aus den Medien. Der Beitrag untersucht daher, ob und unter welchen Voraussetzungen in den Medien kommunizierte Strafurteile als unangemessen niedrig empfunden werden. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie präsentiert, in deren Rahmen knapp 800 Studierende verschiedener Fachbereiche auf Grundlage von Medienberichten eine Strafzumessungsentscheidung getroffen haben.
Delinquenz im Altersverlauf
Authors: Boers Klaus
Published: June 2019

In der kriminologischen Verlaufsforschung werden die Kontinuität und der Abbruch delinquenten Verhaltens im Altersverlauf analysiert. Dazu müssen wiederholt dieselben Personen befragt werden. Neben der Entwicklungsdynamik ermöglichen solche Paneldaten, sowohl kausale Annahmen als auch die Wirkungen von Kontrollinterventionen zu untersuchen. Seit den 1930er Jahren haben sich zunächst eher persönlichkeitsorientierte multifaktorielle und später soziologische Forschungsperspektiven herausgebildet. Im Rahmen Letzterer konnten in jüngerer Zeit auch die Wirkungen polizeilicher und justizieller Kontrollen genauer untersucht werden. In einer Verlaufsperspektive sind weniger sich spontanbewährende gelegentliche Täter von Interesse, als vielmehr wiederholt auffällige (Gewalt-)Täter. Solche Intensivtäter sind ganz überwiegend nicht bis ins höhere Erwachsenenalter, sondern vor allem im Jugend- und Heranwachsendenalter aktiv. Individuelle und (etwas stärker) soziale Ursachen beeinflussen miteinander die Entstehung und den Abbruch delinquenter Verläufe. Formelle Kontrollinterventionen fördern delinquente Normorientierungen sowie die Bindung an delinquente Gruppen und reduzieren schulische oder berufliche Erfolgschancen. In deren Folge kommt es verstärkt zu delinquentem Verhalten.
Social-and-Economic Order of Organizational Interaction in the Systems of Production Management
Authors: Lobanova Alla , Tulenkov Mykola V.
Published: June 2019

The results of social-and-economic order analysis in the context of formation and representing organizational interaction between managing subjects of production management are considered in the article. It was proved that social-and-economic order, as a type of social order, is acting as the determinative prerequisite of formation efficient organizational interaction in any system of present-day management. It was well-grounded that social-and-economic order of organizational interactions is caused by economic requirements and economic interests of production subjects has a relevant legal content, and its determinative element stands for ordering ownership relations, i.e., order between people as far as owning and managing means of production are concerned. The author’s models of representing organizational interaction in the systems of production management depending on forms and methods of division relations of ownership for means of production are presented in the article.
Alpha-synuclein as therapeutic target in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Assêncio Franziska Richter
Published: June 2019

180 Jahre vergingen zwischen James Parkinson’s “An essay on the shaking palsy” und der Entdeckung der zentralen Rolle von alpha-synuclein in der Pathogenese von Parkinson’s disease (PD). Der Identifikation einer PD verursachenden Mutation im alpha-synuclein Gen folgte rasch der Nachweis des Proteins in Lewy Körperchen, den charakteristischen Proteineinschlüssen im Gehirn der Patienten. Trotz vieler ungeklärter Fragen, Forschungsergebnisse zur Entstehung, Ausbreitung und Neurotoxizität der alpha-synuclein Pathologie geben Hoffnung auf die Entwicklung einer Krankheits-modifizierenden Therapie, über die Dopaminersatztherapie hinaus. Die Hypothese, dass alpha-synuclein Pathologie sich ähnlich wie ein Prion ausbreitet, wird kontrovers diskutiert, und initiierte viele interessante neue Forschungsansätze und therapeutische Zielstrukturen. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst die Evidenz für eine zentrale Rolle von alpha-synuclein in der Pathogenese der PD zusammen, gefolgt von einer Diskussion neuer Therapiestrategien.
Potential effects of electrical energy transmission – the case study from the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea)
Authors: Otremba Zbigniew , Jakubowska Magdalena , Urban-Malinga Barbara , Andrulewicz Eugeniusz
Published: June 2019

The operation of offshore wind turbines and electricity transmission through submarine cables over long distances generate electromagnetic or static magnetic fields (depending on the technical solution) that may modify the natural geomagnetic field and cause induced electric and electromagnetic fields in the water. The present study synthesizes the current knowledge and speculates on the possible environmental impact of electrical energy transfer based on the example of the Polish Marine Areas (southern Baltic Sea). We review the possible effects of the electrical energy induction and transfer against the existing and planned wind turbine installations. Furthermore, we consider different cable design variants as a way of environmental impact mitigation. Possible impacts of induced magnetic fields on marine organisms and, consequently, on the ecosystem functioning are also addressed.
Activity modelling of the solid–liquid equilibrium of deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Kollau Laura J.B.M. , Vis Mark , van den Bruinhorst Adriaan , de With Gijsbertus , Tuinier Remco
Published: June 2019

Compared to conventional solvents used in the chemical industry, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as promising potentially sustainable solvents. DESs are binary mixtures and the resulting liquid mixture is characterized by a large melting point depression with respect to the melting temperatures of its constituents. The relative melting point depression becomes larger as the two components have stronger attractive interactions, resulting in non-ideal behavior. The compositional range over which such binary mixtures are liquids is set by the location of the solid–liquid phase boundary. Here we present experimental phase diagrams of various recent and new DESs that vary in the degree of non-ideality. We investigate whether thermodynamic models are able to describe the solid–liquid equilibria and focus on relating the parameters of these models to the non-ideal behavior, including asymmetric behavior of the activity coefficients. It is shown that the orthogonal Redlich–Kister-like polynomial (OP) expansion, including an additional first order term, provides an accurate description. This theory can be considered as an extension of regular solution theory and enables physical interpretation of the fit parameters.
Twelve Years of Energy Efficiency in Historic Buildings in Sweden
Authors: Claesson Marie , Broström Tor
Published: June 2019

The Swedish National Research programme for Energy Efficiency in historic buildings was initiated in 2006 by the Swedish Energy Agency. This article gives an overview of the programme: objectives, projects and the general results of the programme. The research programme aims to develop knowledge, methods and technical solutions that contribute to energy efficiency in historically valuable buildings without destroying or damaging the historical value of the buildings, including decoration, furnishings, interiors or equipment. The programme is not limited to listed and monumental buildings but covers a wider range of historic buildings that account for a large part of the energy use in the building sector. For one and two-family houses, around 25 % of the energy use is associated with buildings built before 1945. The same number for multifamily houses is around 15 %. The programme is currently in its third consecutive four-year-stage. Previous four-year-stages were completed in 2010 and 2014. Over time, the scope of the programme and the projects have developed from mainly dealing with indoor climate control in monumental buildings towards addressing more general issues in the much larger stock of non-listed buildings. Technical research, based on quantitative analysis, dominate throughout all three stages, however most projects have had interdisciplinary components. The results from the programme have been presented in 31 journal papers, 67 conference papers, five books and five PhD theses. The projects have also contributed to CEN standards and resulted in a number of Bachelors and Master’s theses. An equally important long-term effect of the programme is that the number of Swedish researchers in the field have increased from practically none in 2007 to 18 senior researchers and twelve PhD students from ten universities in 2014. The research programme on Energy Efficiency in historic buildings is unique in an international context. Hopefully it can serve as an example for other countries on how to address an important interdisciplinary research challenge.
Boundary least squares method with three-dimensional harmonic basis of higher order for solving linear div-curl systems with Dirichlet conditions
Authors: Yuldasheva Marina B. , Yuldashev Oleg I.
Published: June 2019

Solving linear divergence-curl system with Dirichlet conditions is reduced to finding an unknown vector function in the space of piecewise-polynomial gradients of harmonic functions. In this approach one can use the boundary least squares method with a harmonic basis of a high order of approximation formulated by the authors previously. The justification of this method is given. The properties of the bilinear form and approximating properties of the basis are investigated. Convergence of approximate solutions is proved. A numerical example with estimates of experimental orders of convergence in
$\begin{array}{}
{\bf V}_h^p
\end{array}$-norm for different parameters h, p (p ⩽ 10) is presented. The method does not require specification of penalty weight function.
Validity of self-reported assessment of Severity of Dependence Scale in Medication-Overuse Headache
Authors: Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Straand Jørund , Russell Michael Bjørn , Lundqvist Christofer
Published: June 2019

The interview-based Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) predicts the outcome of withdrawal therapy in Medication-Overuse Headache (MOH). We aimed to compare the interview-based SDS with a self-administrated written version. Fifty-three MOH patients, 19 chronic headache patients without medication overuse and 25 population controls were recruited from a previous randomized controlled trial. The SDS was scored in a telephone interview by headache experts, further, the participants filled in the SDS as a part of a self-administered questionnaire. The SDS assesses scores dependence through five questions, each scored from 0 to 3. A score of ≥5 is associated with MOH. Mean SDS scores were 2.8 (SD 3.0) vs. 3.1 (SD 2.9), p = 0.12, for the interview vs. the self-reported questionnaire, with a correlation 0.78. There was a non-significant bias of 0.32 (95% limits of agreement of −3.6; 4.2) between the two methods in the Bland-Altman analysis. A self-reported SDS questionnaire can be used, and may yield valuable information as a screening tool prior to headache consultations or studies. The possibilities of designing web-based self-treatment tools based on SDS self-assessment and brief intervention may be a future approach for a large group of patients.
Shifting Spaces and Constant Patriarchy: The Characterizations of Offred and Claire in The Handmaid’s Tale and Outlander
Authors: Herrera Hannah
Published: June 2019

Starz’s Outlander and Hulu’s The Handmaid’s Tale follow the stories of two women as they come to terms with the new spaces they are forced to enter. In the series Claire Randall of Outlander and Offred of The Handmaid’s Tale are taken from one space and placed in a new, oppressive space dominated more heavily by patriarchal norms than the one they stem from. Offred and Claire display similarities when dealing with women’s issues such as motherhood and female sexuality. The series also highlight how women must deal with shifting times and discourses regarding societal expectations of women. Due to the complexities that Offred and Claire project when confronting challenges, both women are represented as ‘difficult’ women who defy hegemonic gendered norms of female representation on television. As they experience oppression, subjugation, empowerment, and rebellion, they develop as individuals, are far from perfect, have complicated pasts, and represent how women come to terms with convoluted identities.
Proverbia de Animalibus: The Greek Rendering of Hebrew Animal Names in Proverbs
Authors: Beeckman Bryan
Published: June 2019

In den letzten Jahren wurde in Leuven ein neuer Ansatz entwickelt, um die Übersetzungstechnik der LXX-Bücher zu untersuchen: der »content- and context-related approach«. Dieser Ansatz basiert auf der Wiedergabe inhalts- und kontextbezogener Kriterien, z. B. bezüglich hebräischer Hapax Legomena. Vor diesem Hintergrund konzentriert sich diese Studie auf die Übersetzungstechnik von LXX Proverbien und betrachtet die griechische Übersetzung hebräischer Tiernamen, um die Übersetzungstechnik in diesem Buch herauszuarbeiten.
There is No »Fear« in »the Fear of the LORD«: Translating יראה as εὐσέβεια in Old Greek Isaiah
Authors: Kozman Rony
Published: June 2019

Im alt-griechischen Text von Jes 11,2 und 33,6 steht εὐσέβεια (»Frömmigkeit«) anstelle von φόβοϛ (»Angst«) für das erste Wort des Satzes יהוה יראת (»Die Angst vor dem Herrn«). Dieses kommt dem Stil, der Semantik und der Theologie der Übersetzung zugute. Die »Frömmlichkeit« betont die Poesie von 11,2b und die Parallelen zwischen 11,1–9 und 33,3–8. Die »Frömmigkeit« vermeidet es außerdem, das Fromme mit der negativen Semantik der »Angst« (d. h. der Angst vor göttlicher Bestrafung) zu charakterisieren, die im unmittelbaren Kontext vorhanden ist (10,24–34; 33,3,8–8). Die »Frömmigkeit« trägt zu einem kumulativen theologischen Porträt von Zions Begegnung mit dem Gericht Gottes bei: Während die Frommen gerettet werden (33,5–6), werden die Gottlosen eschrocken sein, wenn der fromme Davidische Herrscher sie von Zion befreit (11,2b.4; 33,5–6.14; 59,20).
To Be or to Have a nephesh?
Authors: Pleijel Richard
Published: June 2019

Der Artikel untersucht die Bedeutung von Gen 2,7 für die Deutung des hebräischen Begriffs נפשׁ. Die Auffassung von Gen 2,7 als anthropologischen locus classicus hat, so wird argumentiert, dieser Passage den Vorzug eingeräumt, wenn es um die Erfassung der Bedeutung von נפשׁ geht. Dadurch wurde eine »monistische« Deutung von נפשׁ vorherrschend. Dies hat zu einer Annahme über die Bedeutung von נפשׁ geführt, die die Deutung von נפשׁ als übergreifendem Konzept in der Hebräischen Bibel beeinflusst hat. Allerdings gibt es linguistische Belege, die die »monistische« Deutung von נפשׁ in Frage stellen.
The Thunder of the Prophets: Elijah and Elisha’s גה’’ר (1Kgs 18:42; 2Kgs 4:34–35)
Authors: Richey Madadh
Published: June 2019

In den Prophetenerzählungen von 1. und 2. Könige sollen sowohl Elia als auch Elisa eine Handlung vollzogen haben, die im Hebräischen mit der Wurzel גה״ר bezeichnet wird – der erstere, um einen Sturm zu rufen (I Reg 18,42) und der letztere um ein Kind wiederzubeleben (II Reg 4,34–35). Aufbauend auf aktuelle Arbeiten, die diese Wurzel darauf zurückführen, die Erzeugung eines Geräuschs zu bezeichnen, versucht dieser Artikel die Wurzel von einem verwandten, mandäischen Verb herzuleiten, das die Bedeutung »Donner« nahelegt. Die vielseitigen, potentiellen Folgerungen dieser Bedeutungszuschreibung werden dann in den literarischen und historischen Kontext eingeordnet.
The Effects of a Short Term Aerobic Training on Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and IL-6 in Obese Females
Authors: Afsharmand Zohreh , Eizadi Mojtaba , Farbod Maryam , Shakeri Nader
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Obesity participates in the progression of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular
disorders. We aimed to assess the impacts of aerobic training on serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and
risk factors for cardiovascular dysfunction in obese women.
Methods: Physically inactive, obese women matched for age (38 ± 5 years) and body mass
index (BMI) (30 ≤BMI ≤36 kg/m2) were randomly divided into exercise (moderate aerobic
training, 6 weeks, 3 d/wk, n = 13) and control (no training, n = 13) groups. Pre- and post-training
measurements of anthropometric markers, serum IL-6 and cardiovascular risk factors were
done. Within and between groups comparisons were performed by paired sample t-test and
independent sample t test, respectively.
Results: Aerobic training induced significant decreases in body weight, BMI, body fat (%) and
abdominal obesity as anthropometric markers (P < 0.05). Compared to pre-training condition,
serum IL-6, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) showed no alterations by aerobic training in the exercise group (P > 0.05). However,
participants in the aerobic training group revealed a significant increase in high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and a decrease in TG/HDL and LDL/HDL (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Short-time aerobic training does not appear to contribute to circulating serum levels
of IL-6 in obese females; however, it affects lipid profile and may be considered as a beneficial
non-pharmaceutical intervention against cardiovascular diseases in obese women.
From Homeland to Homelands and Back Again
Authors: Anderson Myrdene
Published: June 2019

Today Saami people mostly reside in arctic regions of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. Their prehistoric trajectories, predating “borders,” are as nonlinear as the antecedent trajectories that implicate more and more, eventually all, of us humans. Saami and other Fourth World peoples share concerns about the survival of their cultures, their languages, themselves. Their “homeland” consists in the rights they claim in their now enveloping nation-states. In contrast, refugees' historic trajectories have entailed the transgression of borders—centripetally and centrifugally, by gradual or urgent leaks and absorptions—sometimes landing them in the same, already contested, spaces. In this essay, traditionally nomadic Saami encounter the most contemporary of global migrants and refugees.
A Mitochondrial Transcription Termination Factor,ZmSmk3, Is Required fornad1Intron4 andnad4Intron1 Splicing and Kernel Development in Maize
Authors: Pan Zhenyuan , Ren Xuemei , Zhao Hailiang , Liu Lei , Tan Zengdong , Qiu Fazhan
Published: June 2019

The expression systems of the mitochondrial genes are derived from their bacterial ancestors, but have evolved many new features in their eukaryotic hosts. Mitochondrial RNA splicing is a complex process regulated by families of nucleus-encoded RNA-binding proteins, few of which have been characterized in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we identified the Zea mays small kernel 3 (Zmsmk3) candidate gene, which encodes a mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) containing two mTERF motifs, which is conserved in monocotyledon; and the target introns were also quite conserved during evolution between monocotyledons and dicotyledons. The mutations of Zmsmk3 led to arrested embryo and endosperm development, resulting in small kernels. A transcriptome of 12 days after pollination endosperm analysis revealed that the starch biosynthetic pathway and the zein gene family were down-regulated in the Zmsmk3 mutant kernels. ZmSMK3 is localized in mitochondria. The reduced expression of ZmSmk3 in the mutant resulted in the splicing deficiency of mitochondrial nad4 intron1 and nad1 intron4, causing a reduction in complex I assembly and activity, impairing mitochondria structure and activating the alternative respiratory pathway. So, the results suggest that ZmSMK3 is required for the splicing of nad4 intron 1 and nad1 intron 4, complex I assembly and kernel development in maize.
Methods of Determining Retardation Coefficients of Organic Compounds in Aquifers
Authors: Munjed A. Maraqa
Published: June 2019

Sorption is an important mechanism that affects the mobility of organic compounds in the subsurface environment. Sorbed compounds move slower than that of groundwater, causing retardation in their movement. Accurate determination of retardation coefficients (R) of organic compounds in aquifers is critical for understanding their movement, fate, and remediation. Several methods, including predictive tools, laboratory experiments, and field experiments have been utilized for determining sorption-related retardation. The objective of this paper was to review and compare between the different methods used for the determination of R of organic compounds, with emphasis on predictive- and laboratory-based approaches. Predictive tools are based on the use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). Laboratory methods utilize different types of reactors including batch, stirred-flow, circulation-through-column, or miscible displacement through packed columns. In addition, data from the column method have been analyzed in various ways to determine R. Discrepancies between results from different methods or from different analysis approaches have been reported. This create uncertainty about the suitability of some of these methods or the used analysis approaches. This paper highlights the possible causes for the observed discrepancy and establishes the limitations and appropriateness of the used methods and analysis approaches.
Molecular Characterization Reveals Genetic Differences Between Wild and Captive Populations of Mandiangin Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
Authors: Nuryanto Agus , Susilo Maria Bramasti , Amurwanto Adi
Published: June 2019

Captive population of Mandiangin giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is a new strain developed from wild pop-ulations in Riam Kanan Dam. No much is known about the genetic constituent of this strain compared to the parental population. This re-search was done to obtain information whether genetic alteration has occurred in captive population compared to their wild parental pop-ulation. Wild population was caught from Riam Kanan Dam, while captive population was collected from Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) “Freshwater Aquaculture Centre” Mandiangin, South Kalimantan. The captive population of Batanghari strain from BPBAT Sungai Gelam, Jambi was also analyzed. Molecular assess-ment was done using CO1 PCR-RFLP which was developed by digest-ing the amplicon of the CO1 gene from all populations using two re-striction enzymes, namely HindIII and TaqI and resulted CO1-HindIII and CO1-TaqI RFLP markers. All tested populations showed uniform patterns of those CO1-RFLP markers but with different fragment sizes among populations. This means all resulted RFLP markers were mono-morphic in each populations but polymorphic among giant gourami populations. In other words, no genetic diversity within population but substantial genetic differences was observed between wild and cap-tive Mandiangin populations. This proved that genetic alteration has occurred in Mandiangin captive populations compared to the wild pa-rental giant gourami population. In conclusion, captive and wild pop-ulations of Mandiangin giant gourami were genetically different. This result is vital as scientific base for future development of inland fish-eries, especially for breeding strategy of Mandiangin giant gourami.
Isolation and Detection of Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances-Producing Bacteria from Fermented Mare’s Milk Sumbawa
Authors: Mulyawati Alifia Issabella , Ardyati Tri , Jatmiko Yoga Dwi
Published: June 2019

Bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) produced by bacteria is a promising future food preservative agent. This study aimed to obtain bacterial strains that can produce broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and identify the best BLIS producer species based on 16S rDNA sequences. The bacterial strains were isolated from fer-mented mare’s milk using MRS and M17 agar medium. The isolates then were initially screened based on its antibacterial activity of crude cells against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The selected strains were cultured and harvested for its cell-free supernatant (CFS). The pH of CFS was adjusted to 6.5 then used for antibacterial activity as-says against ten pathogenic bacteria. Also, the proteinaceous nature of BLIS compound was confirmed by testing with proteinase K. The gDNA of selected isolates was extracted and the 16S rDNA was am-plified using the polymerase chain reaction method then sequenced. The 16S rDNA sequences of the selected strains were used to identify the species using BLAST nucleotides from NCBI then the phylogenetic trees were constructed. 32 isolates was obtained, but only three iso-lates (BC9, SB7, and DC12) were selected as a result of antibacterial screening for further assays. The neutralized-CFS (N-CFS) of these isolates exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The N-CFS could be assumed as BLIS. The isolate of BC9 was identified as Ba-cillus amyloliquefaciens strain BC9 that has 99.99 % similarity with B. amyloliquefaciens KC-1, SB7 was Lactobacillus plantarum strain SB7 that has 99.99 % similarity with Lb. plantarum JMC 1149T, and DC12 was Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain DC12 that has 100 % sim-ilarity with Lb. rhamnosus DSM 20021T. Thus, the BLIS produced by those strains is potential for future food and beverages preservations.
Vegetation Analysis of the Secondary Forest Area of ​​Mount Merapi National Park
Authors: Haryadi Haryadi , Sunarto Sunarto , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: June 2019

Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP) is a natural con-servation area with the main function of preserving the diversity of plants, animals and their ecosystems. In 2010, Mount Merapi suffered a large eruption which caused damage to the forest ecosystem inside. One of the locations that suffered severe damage was at Cangkrin-gan Resort. After the eruption, the affected vegetation began to grow again. The purpose of this study is to monitor and determine the di-versity of secondary forest plants in the MMNP area. The method used was a method of path and use a point-intercept transect as the sam-pling unit. The results showed that after the eruption, the Acacia de-curens dominated at each level starting from sapling, poles and trees. Based on the results of the study showed that the eruption of Mount Merapi that occurred in 2010 resulted in a change in vegetation struc-ture in the area with the Shannon-Weiner diversity index which is still low, amounting to 1.86 for seedling, 1.32 for the sapling and 0.22 for poles. At the tree level 100% is still dominated by Acacia decurens.
Isolation and Characterization of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria from Cow Urine
Authors: Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Maslahah Iah Novi
Published: June 2019

Cow urine contains urea as nitrogen source, therefore it can be expected to isolate the beneficial bacteria for plants, for example indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or auxin producing bacteria. The objective of research was to obtain IAA producing bacteria from cow urine, to characterize bacterial isolate, and to measure its ability to stimulate the growth of green bean seedlings (Vigna radiata). The methods used in this study were collecting urine from cow cattle, obtaining IAA-pro-ducing bacteria from urine, measuring IAA using Salkowski method, and applying selected bacterial supernatants on green bean seedling plants. The number of IAA producing bacteria that was successfully purified was 18 isolates. There are five isolates, namely US 5, BS1, BS 2, BS 4 and BS 5 which have the ability to solubelize phosphate on Pikovskaya agar. The five isolates were also able to fix free nitro-gen on N Free media and did not show hypersensitivity on tobacco leaves. The results of the growth of isolates in blood agar showed positive for US 5 and BS 2 as beta hemolysin producers. Further-more, isolate BS 4 was chosen to produce exogenous IAA quantita-tively. Isolate BS 4 produced IAA 6.364 ppm at the 45 h incubation at stationary phase. The use of BS 4 supernatant on green bean seed-lings showed an effect on plant height and lateral root length better than control (without treatment) on 6 days after planting. Morpho-logical characteristic of isolate BS 4 was rod shape, Gram positive, endospore producing, aerobic, and had similarity with genus Bacillus