bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The differential association between local neurotransmitter levels and whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity in two distinct cingulate cortex subregions
Authors: Li Meng , Danyeli Lena Vera , Colic Lejla , Wagner Gerd , Smesny Stefan , Chand Tara , Di Xin , Biswal Bharat B. , Kaufmann Jörn , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Speck Oliver , Walter Martin , Sen Zümrüt Duygu
Published: March 2022

Reproducible resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) patterns and their alterations play an increasing role in neuropsychiatric research. Studies that limit the analysis of metabolites and rsFC strengths to a predefined canonical network suggest that the rsFC strength positively correlates with the local glutamate (Glu) levels and negatively correlates with the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. The contribution of regional neurotransmitter activity to rsFC strengths from a given seed to the whole‐brain remains unclear. In this study, 121 healthy participants (50 female/71 male) underwent multimodal resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 T, allowing for acquisition of multiple, neuroanatomically well‐defined MRS voxels in the same session. We examined the association between rsFC and local neurotransmitter levels in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and the anterior mid‐cingulate cortex (aMCC) by varying rsFC strengths at the whole‐brain level. Our results showed that both glutamatergic and GABAergic edge weights (defined as the across‐participants partial correlation coefficients between the local metabolite levels and the rsFC of the seed region to each target parcel) were positively correlated with the rsFC strengths in the pgACC and negatively correlated with the rsFC strengths in the aMCC. The region‐dependent directionality of associations may indicate that region‐specific microscale properties, such as neurotransmitter receptor architecture, modulate the interaction between brain regions at the macroscale level.
Promoting transfer of hybrid training: Interaction of task‐contingent conscientiousness and supervisor support
Authors: Blume Brian D. , Huang Jason L. , Wang Zhonghao , Ford J. Kevin
Published: March 2022

Research on training has accumulated knowledge of factors influencing transfer of training. However, little is known about how these factors interact to impact training activity level and training transfer. Based on recent advances in the contingency approach to personality, we examine person–situation interaction by testing how task‐contingent conscientiousness influences trainees to utilize supervisor support differently during training and transfer. We situate the current investigation in hybrid management training courses where a field sample of employees (N = 200) first attended required in‐person workshops and then received voluntary online modules. Results show that task‐contingent conscientiousness moderated both the linkage between supervisor support and training activity level and the linkage between training activity level and transfer of training. Specifically, for trainees with higher task‐contingent conscientiousness, supervisor support tended to have a stronger association with training activity level, and training activity level tended to translate into more transfer of training. Our findings provide unique insights into when supervisor support may be more beneficial depending on trainees' individual differences. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this research.
A taxonomy of hydrological processes and watershed function
Authors: McMillan Hilary
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a taxonomy (hierarchical organization) of hydrological processes; specifically, runoff generation processes in natural watersheds. Over 130 process names were extracted from a literature review of papers describing experimental watersheds, perceptual models, and runoff processes in a range of hydro‐climatic environments. Processes were arranged into a hierarchical structure, and presented as a spreadsheet and interactive diagram. For each process, additional information was provided: a list of alternative names for the same process, a classification into hydrological function (e.g., flux, storage, release) and a unique identifier similar to a hashtag. We hope that the proposed hierarchy will prompt collaboration and debate in the hydrologic community into naming and organizing processes, towards a comprehensive taxonomy. The taxonomy provides a method to label and search hydrological knowledge, thereby facilitating synthesis and comparison of processes across watersheds.
School‐based mindfulness intervention for depressive symptoms in adolescence: For whom is it most effective?
Authors: Saarinen Aino , Hintsanen Mirka , Vahlberg Tero , Hankonen Nelli , Volanen Salla‐Maarit
Published: March 2022

Introduction

There is accumulating evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions in alleviating depressive symptoms. A crucial question is, however, whether mindfulness interventions are more effective for some individuals than others, depending on individual characteristics before a mindfulness intervention. We exploratorily investigated whether the effectiveness of school‐based mindfulness intervention against depressive symptoms is modified by executive functions, rumination, and emotion regulation among adolescents.

Methods

The longitudinal data included adolescents with at least mild depressive symptoms at the baseline (n = 369, at the 6th–8th grade, 68.4% female) who were randomized into a 9‐week school‐based mindfulness intervention group, into an active control group receiving relaxation program, or into an inactive control group. Adolescents' executive functions, rumination, and emotion regulation (i.e., acceptance, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal) were assessed at the baseline; and depressive symptoms at three time points (at the baseline and at 9‐week and 6‐month follow‐ups).

Results and Conclusions

In adolescents with at least mild depressive symptoms at the baseline, high catastrophizing, high acceptance, and low executive functions were found to increase the effectiveness of mindfulness‐based intervention against depressive symptoms. There seemed to be some sex differences. Thus, when aiming to alleviate depressive symptoms, mindfulness‐based intervention may possibly be more effective for adolescents with high catastrophizing, high acceptance, and low executive functioning (than for adolescents with the opposite dispositions). However, as this study was exploratory by nature and corrections for multiple testing were not used, the findings must be regarded as preliminary and need confirmation in further studies.
Strength‐based parenting and stress‐related growth in adolescents: Exploring the role of positive reappraisal, school belonging, and emotional processing during the pandemic
Authors: Allen Kelly‐Ann , Waters Lea , Arslan Gökmen , Prentice Marcelle
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has changed the way families live, interact, and connect with others, resulting in higher levels of stress for many teenagers who struggle with the ongoing uncertainty and disrupted school and family life. The current study examined the psychosocial factors that influence the capacity of adolescents to grow through the stress of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

The sample included 404 secondary school students ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 14.75, SD = 1.59; 50.2% female, 46.8% male, and 3% non‐/other gendered or declined to answer) from an independent high school in Australia. Data were collected from a battery of questionnaires that assessed strength‐based parenting (SBP) and the effect of three psychosocial factors (positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and school belonging) on stress‐related growth.

Results

Structural equation modeling showed that (SBP) was significantly associated with stress‐related growth (SRG). Positive reappraisal and emotional processing were also positively and significantly associated with SRG and mediated the effect of SBP on SRG. Moreover, school belonging was positively linked to positive coping, emotional processing, and SRG, as well as mediating the association of SBP with positive reappraisal, emotional processing, and SRG in adolescents during the pandemic.

Conclusions

The results show that teenagers can experience SRG during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and adolescents adapting by engaging in constructive coping responses such as positive reappraisal and emotional processing is positively related to SRG.
Parent and teacher involvement and the development of students' academic engagement: A growth curve analysis over four time points
Authors: Rickert Nicolette P. , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

This study sought to examine how warm involvement from parents and teachers contributes to the development of students' academic engagement, and whether the relative contributions of adults differ as students begin the transition to middle school.

Methods

Trivariate latent growth curve modeling was used to examine 1011 third–sixth graders' (95% White, 52.7% female) reports of parent and teacher involvement and engagement across fall and spring of 2 consecutive school years in the United States.

Results

Even though engagement showed different patterns of normative change across grades, parents' and teachers' initial levels and changes in involvement uniquely and positively predicted initial levels and changes in student engagement, respectively. However, initial levels of adult involvement made unique negative contributions to engagement trajectories for students in some grade segments, especially those whose engagement was changing most rapidly. Students with higher initial levels of adult involvement were more likely to experience losses in involvement the following school year, making them susceptible to declines in engagement, even though they remained higher in engagement than students with lower levels of adult involvement.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that to maintain or promote engagement over late elementary and early middle school, students need “continuity of caregiving,” in which involvement from both adults is sustained or augmented over the time that engagement trajectories are unfolding.
Efficacy of bioreactor‐activated bone substitute with bone marrow nuclear cells on fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture in sheep
Authors: Ding Ming , Koroma Kariatta Esther , Wendt David , Martin Ivan , Martinetti Roberta , Jespersen Stig , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Overgaard Søren
Published: March 2022

Bioreactors have been used for bone graft engineering in pre‐clinical investigations over the past 15 years. The ability of bioreactor‐incubated bone marrow nuclear cells (BMNCs) to enhance bone‐forming potential varies significantly, and the three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of BMNCs within the scaffold is largely unknown. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the efficacy of a carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) with/without BMNCs on spine fusion rate and fusion mass microarchitecture using a highly challenging two‐level posterolateral spine fusion without instrumentation; and (2) to evaluate 3D distribution of BMNCs within scaffolds characterized by immunohistochemistry. Fusion rate and fusion mass were quantified by micro‐CT, microarchitectural analysis, and histology. While the homogenous 3D distribution of BMNCs was not observed, BMNCs were found to migrate towards a substitute core. In the autograft group, the healing rate was 83.3%, irrespective of the presence of BMNCs. In the CHA group, also 83.3% was fused in the presence of BMNCs, and 66.7% fused without BMNCs. A significant decrease in the fusion mass porosity (p = .001) of the CHA group suggested the deposition of mineralized bone. The autograft group revealed more bone, thicker trabeculae, and better trabecular orientation but less connection compared to the CHA group. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the ability of bioreactors to incubate a large‐sized substitute coated with viable BMNCs with the potential for proliferation and differentiation. These findings suggested that a bioreactor‐activated substitute is comparable to autograft on spine fusion and that new functional bone regeneration could be achieved by a combination of BMNCs, biomaterials, and bioreactors.
Protective effects of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) on oxidative brain injury in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Tunali Sevim , Bal‐Demirci Tulay , Ulkuseven Bahri , Yanardag Refiye
Published: March 2022

Diabetes is usually accompanied by increased production of free radicals or impaired antioxidant defenses. The brain is a target tissue of the oxidative attacks caused by diabetes, and there are observed changes in the biochemical parameters of this tissue in the hyperglycemic state. In this study, we aimed to show the effect of N(1)‐2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene‐N(4)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene‐S‐methyl‐thiosemicarbazidato‐oxovanadium (IV) (VOL) compound on diabetic damaged brain tissue, induced by streptozotocin (STZ) on 3.0–3.5‐month‐old male rats. Single dose of STZ at 65 mg/kg was used to make rats diabetic. Four groups were created randomly. Group (i): control (intact) animals; Group (ii): VOL given control animals; Group (iii): STZ‐induced diabetic animals; and Group (iv): orally VOL administered STZ‐induced diabetic rats. VOL (0.2 mM/kg/day) administration to control and diabetic animals was performed for a period of 12 days. At the end of day 12, the brain tissues were taken and homogenized. The clear supernatants were used for the determination of glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nonenzymatic glycosylation (NEG), and protein levels. Alanine and aspartate transaminases and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), and oxidative stress marker enzymes activities were also estimated from the homogenates. According to the obtained results, there is found significant elevation of MDA and NEG levels and activities of transaminases, MPO and XO; whereas the GSH content and the activities of AChE and antioxidant enzymes were strongly decreased in the STZ‐induced diabetic brain tissues in comparison to control group animals. Twelve days of administration of VOL complex to the diabetic animals reversed all biochemical parameters significantly in diabetic brain tissues. Our findings suggest that the VOL complex may be an ideal candidate to be used as an anti diabetic agent to improve oxidative injury and protect the brain tissue against damage caused by diabetes. This healing effect of the VOL complex may be due to its antioxidant activity and the insulin‐mimetic effects of vanadium.
Genetic variations in ATM and H2AX loci contribute to risk of hematological abnormalities in individuals exposed to BTEX chemicals
Authors: Jafari Roshan Samaneh , Mansoori Yaser , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Sabour Davood , Daraei Abdolreza
Published: March 2022

Background

Loci controlling DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) repair play an important role in defending against the harmful health effects of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), but their gene variants may alter their repair capacity. The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship of functional polymorphisms ATM‐rs228589 A>T, WRN‐rs1800392 G>T and H2AX‐rs7759 A>G in DBS repair loci with the abnormal hematological indices in workers who exposed to BTEXs.

Methods

We included 141 cases with one or more abnormal hematological parameters, who had been occupationally exposed to BTEX chemicals and 152 controls with a similar exposure condition but without any abnormal hematological parameters. Atmospheric concentrations of BTEXs were measured and whole blood samples were taken from the participants to determine hematologic parameters and SNP genotyping.

Results

Results showed that T allele of ATM‐rs228589 and G allele of H2AX‐rs7759 had a higher frequency in cases than controls (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). Also, AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 and AG and GG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were higher in cases compared to controls. The AT and TT genotypes of ATM‐rs228589 have significant associations with a risk of hematological abnormalities in the codominant (AT vs. AA, p = 0.018), dominant (AT + TT vs. AA, p = 0.010) and overdominant (AT vs. AA + TT, p = 0.037) models. The GG and AG genotypes of H2AX‐rs7759 were in relation with increased risk of abnormal hematological indices under codominant (GA vs. AA, p = 0.009 & GG vs. AA, p = 0.005), dominant (AG + GG vs. AA, p = 0.001), and recessive (GG vs. AA + AG, p = 0.025) models.

Conclusions

These observations may help to understand the mechanisms of BTEX hematotoxicity and identify useful biomarkers of risk assessment for workers exposed to BTEX.
Preparation of supported Fe2O3‐Cl/β‐zeolite catalyst and its application in the selective oligomerization reaction of isobutene in mixed C4
Authors: Li Jianshu , Sun Dahai , Liu Shuai , Tian Hui
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Isobutene oligomerization is a very promising reaction, and it has always been a research hotspot in the separation of mixed C4. A supported catalyst is a promising olefin oligomerization catalyst. In the work reported, a supported Fe2O3‐Cl/β‐zeolite molecular sieve catalyst was synthesized by changing the loading amount of various active components, and its catalytic effect on the selective oligomerization of isobutene was studied. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques. The experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor, and the effects of Fe loading, temperature and reaction space airspeed were studied.

RESULTS

The catalyst has a good catalytic effect on this reaction with the load at 3%, the temperature at 70 °C, the pressure at 1 MPa and the reaction airspeed at 2 h−1.

CONCLUSIONS

The conversion of isobutene was above 90%, the selectivity of C8 was around 80% and the loss of n‐butene was very small. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Imaging of surface microdomains on individual extracellular vesicles in 3‐D
Authors: McNamara Ryan P. , Zhou Yijun , Eason Anthony B. , Landis Justin T. , Chambers Meredith G. , Willcox Smaranda , Peterson Tiffany A. , Schouest Blake , Maness Nicholas J. , MacLean Andrew G. , Costantini Lindsey M. , Griffith Jack D. , Dittmer Dirk Peter
Published: March 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted from all cell types and are intimately involved in tissue homeostasis. They are being explored as vaccine and gene therapy platforms, as well as potential biomarkers. As their size is below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, direct visualizations have been daunting and single‐particle studies under physiological conditions have been hampered. Here, direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) was employed to visualize EVs in three‐dimensions and to localize molecule clusters such as the tetraspanins CD81 and CD9 on the surface of individual EVs. These studies demonstrate the existence of membrane microdomains on EVs. These were confirmed by Cryo‐EM. Individual particle visualization provided insights into the heterogeneity, structure, and complexity of EVs not previously appreciated
Sodium‐glucose cotransporter type 2 channel inhibitor: Breakthrough in the treatment of neutropenia in patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b?
Authors: Kaczor Magdalena , Greczan Milena , Kierus Karolina , Ehmke vel Emczyńska‐Seliga Ewa , Ciara Elżbieta , Piątosa Barbara , Rokicki Dariusz , Książyk Janusz , Wesół‐Kucharska Dorota
Published: March 2022

Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD 1b) is an inherited metabolic defect caused by biallelic mutations in the SLC37A4 gene encoding microsomal glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Ineffective G6P transport into the ER leads to hypoglycaemia, hyperlactatemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepato‐ and/or nephromegaly. Clinical manifestations of the disease include recurrent, severe infections and inflammatory bowel (Crohn‐like) caused by neutropenia and diminished bactericidal and fungicidal activity of neutrophils. Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) administration is currently a standard therapy to prevent adverse effects of neutropenia, but the treatment is associated with a high risk of severe side effects. On the other hand, short‐treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor – empagliflozin (EMPA) was reported to act directly on the mechanism of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction in GSD 1b. We observed significant improvement in clinical and laboratory parameters after introducing EMPA to treatment, that is reduced frequency of infections, lower number of bowel movements, and improved postoperative wound healing. EMPA is effective in the treatment of neutropenia in our GSD 1b patients, which allows for dose reduction and even withdrawal of G‐CSF. We did not observe any significant side effects of EMPA treatment in our patients.
ASCA National Model implementation predicting school counselors’ job satisfaction with role stress mediating variables
Authors: Fye Heather J. , Schumacker Randall E. , Rainey John Steve , Guillot Miller Lynne
Published: March 2022

The present study surveyed a sample of school counselors (N = 220) on American School Counselor Association (ASCA) National Model implementation and role stress related to their job satisfaction. A path analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between the variables. ASCA National Model implementation predicted school counselor job satisfaction with role ambiguity and role incongruity as significant mediating variables. Role conflict was not a significant mediating variable. Implications, limitations, and future research for the school counseling profession are discussed.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of Kambin's triangle based on automated magnetic resonance image segmentation
Authors: Su Zhihai , Liu Zheng , Wang Min , Li Shaolin , Lin Liyan , Yuan Zhen , Pang Shumao , Feng Qianjin , Chen Tao , Lu Hai
Published: March 2022

The three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of Kambin's triangle is crucial for surgical planning in minimally invasive spine surgery via the transforaminal approach. Few pieces of research have, however, used image segmentation to explore the 3D reconstruction of Kambin's triangle. This study aimed to develop a new method of 3D reconstruction of Kambin's triangle based on automated magnetic resonance image (MRI) segmentation of the lumbar spinal structures. An experienced (>5 years) “ground truth” spinal pain physician meticulously segmented and labeled spinal structures (e.g., bones, dura mater, discs, and nerve roots) on MRI. Subsequently, a 3D U‐Net algorithm was developed for automatically segmenting lumbar spinal structures for the 3D reconstruction of Kambin's triangle. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision, recall, and the area of Kambin's triangle were used to assess anatomical performance. The automatic segmentation of all spinal structures at the L4/L5 levels and L5/S1 levels resulted in good performance: DSC = 0.878/0.883, precision = 0.889/0.890, recall = 0.873/0.882. Furthermore, the area measurements of Kambin's triangle revealed no significant difference between ground truth and automatic segmentation (p = 0.333 at the L4/L5 level, p = 0.302 at the L5/S1 level). The 3D U‐Net model used in this study performed well in terms of simultaneous segmentation of multi‐class spinal structures (including bones, dura mater, discs, and nerve roots) on MRI, allowing for accurate 3D reconstruction of Kambin's triangle.
Waste‐derived fertilizers can increase phosphorus uptake by sugarcane and availability in a tropical soil#
Authors: Raniro Henrique Rasera , Soares Thaís de Marchi , Adam Christian , Pavinato Paulo Sergio
Published: March 2022

Background

The use of highly water‐soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers can lead to P fixation in the soil, reducing fertilization efficiency. Waste‐derived, low water‐solubility sources can potentially increase sugarcane's P uptake compared to triple superphosphate by reducing adsorption to the soil.

Aims

We aimed to test struvite, hazenite, and AshDec® for their agronomic potential as recycled fertilizers for sugarcane production in a typical tropical soil. We hypothesize that these sources can reduce P fixation in the soil, increasing its availability and sugarcane's absorption.

Methods

In a greenhouse pot experiment, two consecutive sugarcane cycles, 90 days each, were conducted in a Ferralsol. The recovered sources struvite, hazenite, AshDec®, and the conventional triple superphosphate were mixed in the soil in three P doses (30, 60, and 90 mg kg–1), aside a control (nil‐P). At both harvests, sugarcane number of sprouts, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass yield, shoot phosphorus, and soil P fractionation were investigated.

Results

At 90 days, struvite and hazenite performed better for dry mass yield (70.7 and 68.3 g pot–1, respectively) than AshDec® and triple superphosphate (59.8 and 57.4 g pot–1, respectively) and for shoot P, with 98.1, 91.6, 75.6, and 66.3 mg pot–1, respectively. At 180 days, struvite outperformed all treatments for dry mass yield (95.3 g pot–1) and AshDec® (75.5 mg pot–1) for shoot P. Struvite was 38% and hazenite 21% more efficient than triple superphosphate in P uptake, while AshDec® was 6% less efficient. Soil had higher labile P under struvite, hazenite, and AshDec® than triple superphosphate by the end of the first cycle, while only the later increased nonlabile P by the end of the experiment (180 days).

Conclusions

Waste‐derived P sources were more efficient in supplying P for sugarcane and delivering labile P in 180 days than triple superphosphate.
Characterization of bitter‐tasting and antioxidant activity of dry‐hopped beers
Authors: Wang Limin , Hong Kai , Agbaka Johnpaul I , Song Yumei , Lv Chenyan , Ma Changwei
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Bitter flavors and antioxidant activities are critical characteristics and indicators, respectively, of beer quality. To gain a better understanding of dry‐hopped beer's bitterness, this work comprehensively evaluated the perceived bitterness intensity and bitterness attributes from aspects of beer aroma and non‐volatile bitter compounds using sensory analysis under two conditions: (i) with and (ii) without nose clips. To quantify bitter and volatile compounds, the work conducted chromatographic analyses: high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Simultaneously, this work assessed the antioxidant activity of commercially dry‐hopped beers.

RESULTS

First, dry‐hopped beer in this study contained abundant non‐volatile bitter compounds (hop bitter acids, polyphenols and flavonoids), and aroma was validated using HPLC, UPLC‐MS and GC‐MS methods. Moreover, the bitter‐tasting perception test findings demonstrated that many dry‐hopped beers had a higher bitterness intensity when evaluated without a nose clip, whereas this phenomenon was adverse in several ale beers. Additionally, the ‘lingering’ and ‘harsh’ characteristics were diminished when beer aroma was blocked out (with nose clip) for dry‐hopped beer. Meanwhile, most dry‐hopped beers had greater antioxidant activity than ale beers (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

This work revealed the bitterness complexity of dry‐hopped beer; besides non‐volatile bitter compounds, beer aroma had an impact on the perceived bitterness intensity and attributes, and dry‐hopped beer had a relatively intense antioxidant capacity. This study facilitated the development of a detailed knowledge about the assessment of bitter‐tasting perceptions in dry‐hopped beers and provided a basis for the development of functional beer benefiting human health. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fast location and segmentation of high‐throughput damaged soybean seeds with invertible neural networks
Authors: Huang Ziliang , Wang Rujing , Zhou Qiong , Teng Yue , Zheng Shijian , Liu Liu , Wang Liusan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Fast identification of damaged soybean seeds has undeniable importance in seed sorting and food quality. Mechanical vibration is generally used in soybean seed sorting, but this can seriously damage soybean seeds. The convolutional neural network (CNN) is considered an effective method for location and segmentation tasks. However, a CNN requires a large amount of ground truth data and has high computational cost.

RESULTS

First, we propose a self‐supervision manner to automatically generate ground truths, which can theoretically create an almost unlimited number of labeled images. Second, instead of using popular CNNs, a novel invertible convolution (involution)‐enabled scheme is proposed by using the bottleneck block of the residual networks. Third, a feature selection feature pyramid network (FS‐FPN) based on involution is designed, which selects features more flexibly and adaptively. We further merge involution‐based backbones and FS‐FPN into a unified network, achieving an end‐to‐end seed location and segmentation model; the best mean average precision of location and segmentation achieved was 85.1% and 81% respectively.

CONCLUSION

The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method greatly improves the performance of the baseline network with faster speed and fewer parameters, enabling it to detect soybean seeds more effectively. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Light‐field head‐mounted displays reduce the visual effort: A user study
Authors: Panzirsch Michael , Weber Bernhard , Bechtel Nicolai , Grabner Nicole , Lingenauber Martin
Published: March 2022

Head‐mounted displays (HMDs) allow the visualization of virtual content and the change of view perspectives in a virtual reality (VR). Besides entertainment purposes, such displays also find application in augmented reality, VR training, or tele‐robotic systems. The quality of visual feedback plays a key role for the interaction performance in such setups. In the last years, high‐end computers and displays led to the reduction of simulator sickness regarding nausea symptoms, while new visualization technologies are required to further reduce oculomotor and disorientation symptoms. The so‐called vergence–accommodation conflict (VAC) in standard stereoscopic displays prevents intense use of 3D displays, so far. The VAC describes the visual mismatch between the projected stereoscopic 3D image and the optical distance to the HMD screen. This conflict can be solved by using displays with correct focal distance. The light‐field HMD of this study provides a close‐to‐continuous depth and high image resolution enabling a highly natural visualization. This paper presents the first user‐study on the visual comfort of light‐field displays with a close‐to‐market HMD based on complex interaction tasks. The results provide first evidence that the light‐field technology brings clear benefits to the user in terms of physical use comfort, workload, and depth matching performance.
Sexual and physical revictimization in U.S. military veterans
Authors: Scoglio Arielle A. J. , Molnar Beth E. , Lincoln Alisa K. , Griffith John , Park Crystal , Kraus Shane W.
Published: March 2022

The present study examined revictimization, defined as sexual or physical assault in adulthood that followed a history of childhood maltreatment. We aimed to identify factors associated with revictimization over time in a group of U.S. military veterans deployed following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks (9/11). As revictimization is associated with multiple negative mental health outcomes in the literature, identifying risk and protective factors can aid in the prevention of revictimization and associated poor health outcomes among veterans. In this sample, the proportion of adult revictimization was 2.7% for men, 95% CI [2.0, 3.6] and 22.9% for women, 95% CI [20.5, 25.8]. Using multilevel logistic models, we found that women, β = 2.2, p < .001; Navy veterans, β = 1.5, p < .001; and participants who reported posttraumatic stress symptoms, β = 0.2, p = .028, were at significantly higher risk of revictimization across time compared to nonrevictimized counterparts. Social support while in the military was protective, β = −0.1, p < .001, against revictimization. In addition, childhood abuse experiences combined with characteristics such as female gender were related to an increased risk of revictimization during and following military service. The findings highlight opportunities for intervention and areas of strength within this population; social connection garnered during military service may serve as a protective factor against revictimization. Future research is needed to examine the role of social support in possibly lowering veterans’ risk of revictimization over time, particularly for post‐9/11 veterans struggling with transitioning from military to civilian life.
Preoperative Ultrasound‐Guided Incisional Biopsy Enhances the Pathological Accuracy of Incisional Biopsy of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Yu Nianzhou , Wu Lisha , Su Juan , Huang Kai , Liu Siliang , Lu Lixia , Li Yixin , Jiang Zixi , Zheng Aojie , Zhu Zirui , Liao Mengting , Zhao Shuang , Wei Tianhong
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To assess the feasibility of preoperative ultrasound (US)‐guided incisional biopsy through a prospective controlled clinical trial.

Methods

This was a prospective, double‐arm, single‐center study of Chinese patients. Thirty patients were enrolled in the study. Fourteen patients received incisional biopsies for which the choice of biopsy area relied on a clinical evaluation, and 16 patients received incisional biopsies for which the choice of biopsy area relied on a US‐guided evaluation. The following procedure was used in the US‐guided incisional biopsy group: 1) clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of skin lesions; 2) US examination; 3) incisional biopsy; 4) surgical excision; and 5) histopathological examination. The same procedure was used in the non–US‐guided group except without US examination.

Results

In the non–US‐guided group, the mean tumor thicknesses obtained from incisional biopsy and postoperative histopathological examination were 2.1 and 4.1 mm, respectively. Seven melanomas were underestimated by incisional biopsy, resulting in margins narrower than currently recommended. In the US‐guided group, the mean tumor thicknesses obtained from US, incisional biopsy, and postoperative histopathological examination were 3.4, 2.9, and 2.7 mm, respectively. In only 3 melanomas was the tumor thickness of the incisional biopsy less than that of the postoperative histopathological examination, demonstrating that US‐guided biopsy obtains the maximum thickness area.

Conclusions

Preoperative US‐guided incisional biopsy can enhance the pathological accuracy of incisional biopsy, which may allow us to better perform surgical excision with safe peripheral surgical margins.
Pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Rosendahl Ann‐Helen , Schönborn Katrin , Krieg Thomas
Published: March 2022

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is an autoimmune‐triggered chronic fibrosing disease that affects the skin and many other organs. Its pathophysiology is complex and involves an early endothelial damage, an inflammatory infiltrate and a resulting fibrotic reaction. Based on a predisposing genetic background, an altered balance of the acquired and the innate immune system leads to the release of many cytokines and chemokines as well as autoantibodies, which induce the activation of fibroblasts with the formation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of a stiff and rigid connective tissue. A curative treatment is still not available but remarkable progress has been made in the management of organ complications. In addition, several breakthroughs in the pathophysiology have led to new therapeutic concepts. Based on these, many new compounds have been developed during the last years, which target these different pathways and offer specific therapeutic approaches.
Monitoring war‐generated environmental security using remote sensing: A review
Authors: Kaplan Gordana , Rashid Tatjana , Gasparovic Mateo , Pietrelli Andrea , Ferrara Vincenzo
Published: March 2022

The negative impact humans have on the environment directly affects the environmental security. Over the years, it has been proven that wars make drastic and sometimes unrecoverable environmental damage. Remote sensing has played a main role in providing necessary data for spatiotemporal analysis. This paper reviews remote sensing implementation of war activities for environmental monitoring. This review is timely due to the exponentially increasing number of works published in recent years. This paper's main objective is to locate the papers and find geographic link, sensor use, and environmental degradation type. Following a discussion of remote sensing's capabilities, this overview illustrates numerous environmental damages caused by military operations in various world places. Our study found that wars have a detrimental influence on the ecosystem across the world, with major reasons being forest loss, oil spills, and urban growth. According to the findings, remote sensing, particularly middle‐resolution satellite images, is extensively and successfully employed for environmental security monitoring. The rehabilitation of a deteriorated environment should be one of the key areas of future study.
Selective transfer of nerve to supinator to restore digital extension in central cord syndrome: An anatomical study and a case report
Authors: Melamed Eitan , Patel Neehar , Duarte Elisa Cristiana Winkelmann , Nascimento Alexandra S. C. Q. , Bertelli Jayme Augusto
Published: March 2022

Background

Nerve transfers are increasingly used to restore upper extremity function in patients with spinal cord injury. However, the role of nerve transfers for central cord syndrome is still being established. The purpose of this study is to report the anatomical feasibility and clinical use of nerve transfer of supinator motor branches (NS) to restore finger extension in a central cord syndrome patient.

Materials and Methods

The posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), its superficial division, and branches were dissected in 14 fresh cadavers, with a mean age of 65 (58–79). Measurements included number and length of branches of donor and recipient, diameters, regeneration distance from coaptation site to motor entry point and axonal counts. A NS transfer to extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extensor digiti quinti (EDQ) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) was performed in a 28‐year‐old patient, with central cord syndrome after a motorcycle accident, who did not recover active finger extension at 10 months post injury.

Results

The PIN consistently divided into a deep and superficial branch between 1.5 cm proximal to, and 2 cm distal to the distal boundary of the supinator. The superficial branch provided a first common branch to the ECU and EDQ. In 12/14 dissections, the EDC was innervated by a 4 cm long branch that entered the muscle on its radial deep surface. In all cases, the superficial branch of the PIN could be separated in a retrograde fashion from the PIN and coapted with NS. The mean myelinated fiber count in nerve to EDC was 401 ± 190 compared to 398 ± 75 in the NS. At 48 months after surgery, with the wrist at neutral, the patient recovered full metacarpophalangeal extension scoring M4. Supination was preserved with the elbow extended or flexed.

Conclusions

Restoration of finger extension in central cord syndrome is possible with a selective transfer of the NS to EDC, and is anatomically feasible with a short regeneration distance and favorable axonal count ratio.
Motion correction for three‐dimensional chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging without direct water saturation artifacts
Authors: Breitling Johannes , Korzowski Andreas , Kempa Neele , Boyd Philip S. , Paech Daniel , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Goerke Steffen
Published: March 2022

In chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI, motion correction is compromised by the drastically changing image contrast at different frequency offsets, particularly at the direct water saturation. In this study, a simple extension for conventional image registration algorithms is proposed, enabling robust and accurate motion correction of CEST‐MRI data. The proposed method uses weighted averaging of motion parameters from a conventional rigid image registration to identify and mitigate erroneously misaligned images. Functionality of the proposed method was verified by ground truth datasets generated from 10 three‐dimensional in vivo measurements at 3 T with simulated realistic random rigid motion patterns and noise. Performance was assessed using two different criteria: the maximum image misalignment as a measure for the robustness against direct water saturation artifacts, and the spectral error as a measure of the overall accuracy. For both criteria, the proposed method achieved the best scores compared with two motion‐correction algorithms specifically developed to handle the varying contrasts in CEST‐MRI. Compared with a straightforward linear interpolation of the motion parameters at frequency offsets close to the direct water saturation, the proposed method offers better performance in the absence of artifacts. The proposed method for motion correction in CEST‐MRI allows identification and mitigation of direct water saturation artifacts that occur with conventional image registration algorithms. The resulting improved robustness and accuracy enable reliable motion correction, which is particularly crucial for an automated and carefree evaluation of spectral CEST‐MRI data, e.g., for large patient cohorts or in clinical routines.
Quality of life assessment instruments in adult patients receiving home parenteral and enteral nutrition: A scoping review
Authors: Chen Chulin , Zhu Dongmei , Zhao Zehua , Ye Xianghong
Published: March 2022

Quality of life (QoL) assessment is important to evaluate the effect of the intervention for patients treated with home parenteral and enteral nutrition (HPEN). The purpose of this scoping review is to describe, evaluate, and recommend QoL instruments used in adult patients receiving HPEN. We used the Arksey and O'Malley framework and performed literature searches in five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) to identify possibly relevant articles that focused on QoL of adult patients receiving HPEN. Of the studies that qualify for full‐text screening, two independent researchers extracted data. Twenty‐seven QoL instruments were identified, consisting of seven generic instruments, 12 disease‐specific instruments, and eight therapy‐specific instruments. The Short Form‐36 was the most widely used generic instrument and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 was the most commonly employed disease‐specific instrument. The recently developed therapy‐specific tools, NutriQoL and HPN‐QoL, were increasingly employed in studies either alone or in combination with other types of instruments. Important aspects of each instrument were summarized to aid clinicians and researchers in selecting an appropriate instrument when measuring the QoL of adult HPEN patients. Findings could also help to identify the necessity to develop new tools or to modify pre‐existing ones to measure QoL of HPEN patients.
A mechanics‐informed artificial neural network approach in data‐driven constitutive modeling
Authors: As'ad Faisal , Avery Philip , Farhat Charbel
Published: March 2022

A mechanics‐informed artificial neural network approach for learning constitutive laws governing complex, nonlinear, elastic materials from strain–stress data is proposed. The approach features a robust and accurate method for training a regression‐based model capable of capturing highly nonlinear strain–stress mappings, while preserving some fundamental principles of solid mechanics. In this sense, it is a structure‐preserving approach for constructing a data‐driven model featuring both the form‐agnostic advantage of purely phenomenological data‐driven regressions and the physical soundness of mechanistic models. The proposed methodology enforces desirable mathematical properties on the network architecture to guarantee the satisfaction of physical constraints such as objectivity, consistency (preservation of rigid body modes), dynamic stability, and material stability, which are important for successfully exploiting the resulting model in numerical simulations. Indeed, embedding such notions in a learning approach reduces a model's sensitivity to noise and promotes its robustness to inputs outside the training domain. The merits of the proposed learning approach are highlighted using several finite element analysis examples. Its potential for ensuring the computational tractability of multi‐scale applications is demonstrated with the acceleration of the nonlinear, dynamic, multi‐scale, fluid‐structure simulation of the supersonic inflation dynamics of a parachute system with a canopy made of a woven fabric.
Exploring the inclusion of developmental stress trajectories on past adult mortality patterns: Quantifying skeletal plasticity and adult mortality risk in post‐medieval London using a probability tree model
Authors: Sabazali Cynthia , Cheverko Colleen M.
Published: March 2022

Sufficient evidence supports arguments that early life conditions can influence adult morbidity and mortality in the past and present. Critical periods in which individuals are more susceptible to stressors leading to long‐term effects vary, but how often and to what degree these long‐term effects occur is less certain. To evaluate skeletal stress markers that fully develop during different life history stages (i.e., childhood and adolescence) and explore their influence on adult morbidity and mortality, we constructed four growth trajectory categories to estimate the effect of developmental timing of stress indicators on adult mortality risk in skeletal samples from post‐medieval London (n = 118 individuals). To construct these growth trajectory categories, linear enamel hypoplasia and tibial length were used as evidence of early life stress during childhood and extended into adolescence. Pairwise relationships between growth trajectory scores and variables such as age, sex, and cemetery were explored using Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests. Long‐term effects were also evaluated using Factorial ANOVA as a multifactorial method to test correlations between categorical variables of early life stress and adult mortality risk. Results suggest there was no relationship between age‐at‐death and growth trajectory score, with the only significance in growth disruption score being between tibial stunting and age‐at‐death in males. Socioeconomic status did not impact results of this study, with only two statistically significant relationships noted for one cemetery. Results comparing males and females also yielded no significant differences, indicating sex was not a significant covariate. Overall, this paper presents a model that can help investigate differences between various developmental origins frameworks and be built upon by future researchers using different stress indicators, datasets, and skeletal samples to investigate potential change through time in lived experiences and how that change through time impacts patterns of mortality risk.