bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots
Authors: Contreras Angela , Leroy Baptiste , Mariage Pierre-Antoine , Wattiez Ruddy
Published: April 2019

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal plant highly appreciated by its content of tanshinones and salvianolic acids. Tanshinones are of particular relevance for their anti-oxidant, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory properties. Abiotic and biotic agents as silver nitrate and yeast extract have shown efficiently to stimulate tanshinone accumulation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains essentially unknown. By using hairy roots as experimental material and the elicitors mentioned, were obtained up to 22 mg of tanshinones per gram of dry weight. Differential label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to study the proteins involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. A total of 2650 proteins were identified in roots extracts, of which 893 showed statistically (p < 0.05) significant change in relative abundance compared to control roots, 251 proteins were upregulated and 642 downregulated. Among the upregulated proteins the predominant functional categories were metabolism (47%), stress defense (18%) and redox homeostasis (10%). Within the metabolism category, isoprenoid metabolism enzymes, cytochromes P450 and FAD-binding berberine proteins showed abundance profile linked to tanshinone concentration. The results presented here allowed to propose 5 new cytochromes P450 and 5 berberine enzymes as candidates to be involved into tanshinone biosynthesis, a novel finding that opens new avenues to improve tanshinone production through biotechnological approaches.
Environmental predictors of habitat suitability and occurrence of cetaceans in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Chavez-Rosales Samuel , Palka Debra L. , Garrison Lance P. , Josephson Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2019

The objective of this study was to identify the main environmental covariates related to the abundance of 17 cetacean species/groups in the western North Atlantic Ocean based on generalized additive models, to establish a current habitat suitability baseline, and to estimate abundance that incorporates habitat characteristics. Habitat models were developed from dedicated sighting survey data collected by NOAA- Northeast and Southeast Fisheries Science Centers during July 2010 to August 2013. A group of 7 static physiographic characteristics and 9 dynamic environmental covariates were included in the models. For the small cetacean models, the explained deviance ranged from 16% to 69%. For the large whale models, the explained deviance ranged from 32% to 52.5%. Latitude, sea surface temperature, bottom temperature, primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most common covariates included and their individual contribution to the deviance explained ranged from 5.9% to 18.5%. The habitat-density models were used to produce seasonal average abundance estimates and habitat suitability maps that provided a good correspondence with observed sighting locations and historical sightings for each species in the study area. Thus, these models, maps and abundance estimates established a current habitat characterization of cetacean species in these waters and have the potential to be used to support management decisions and conservation measures in a marine spatial planning context.
Chemical Synthesis of Glycopeptides and Glycoproteins
Authors: Narang Nikesh , Sharma Rohit K. , Hojo Hironobu
Published: April 2019

In this chapter, recent progress in the chemical synthesis of glycoprotein is briefly summarized. Starting from the solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptide, the synthetic method for the glycosylated peptide thioester, which is the key intermediate for glycoprotein synthesis by the ligation method, is described. The results of several O- and N-linked glycoprotein syntheses are then exemplified to show the efficiency of the ligation method.
Reverse Synthesis of Natural Glycans
Authors: Zhu Yuyang , Smith David F. , Song Xuezheng
Published: April 2019

Glycans are a major class of biomolecules posing special synthetic challenges for biologists and chemists due to their inherent complex structures. One major problem for glycoscience is the lack of access to biomedically relevant complex glycan structures. Both chemical and enzymatic syntheses are yet to meet the demand resulting from quickly growing interest on glycoscience. As an alternative approach, complex glycans can be released and harvested from several classes of glycoconjugates presented in different organisms by reactions termed “reverse synthesis”. Many enzymatic and chemical approaches have been developed for the release of glycans from natural materials, many of which are designed for analytical glycomics study. Recent advances in the oxidative release of natural glycans (ORNG) using inexpensive reagents and a simple, scalable procedure can be used to produce large amount of natural glycans from several classes of glycoconjugates, providing potential to a viable “reverse synthesis” approach to enrich complex glycan libraries. This chapter summarizes the development of enzymatic and chemical methods for reverse synthesis of glycans with a special emphasis on the newly developed ORNG method.
Novel Technologies for Quantitative O-Glycomics and Amplification/Preparation of Cellular O-Glycans
Authors: Li Zhonghua , Chernova Tatiana A. , Ju Tongzhong
Published: April 2019

Mucin-type O-glycosylation (O-glycans, O-glycome) characterized by GalNAc linked to Serine/Threonine or even tyrosine residues in proteins is one of the major types of glycosylations. In animals, O-glycans on glycoproteins participate in many critical biological processes such as cell adhesion, development, and immunity. Importantly, the O-glycome is different in a tissue/cell-specific manner, and often altered in cells at their pathological states; and this alteration, in turn, affects cellular properties and functions. Clearly, the Functional O-glycomics, which concerns biological roles of O-glycans, requires a comprehensive understanding of O-glycome. Structural and/or quantitative analysis of O-glycans, however, is an unmet demand because no enzyme can universally release O-glycans from glycoproteins. Furthermore, the preparation of complex O-glycans for biological studies is even more challenging. To meet these demands, we have developed a novel technology termed Cellular O-glycome Reporter/Amplification (CORA) for profiling cellular O-glycan structures and amplifying/preparing complex O-glycans from cultured cells. In this chapter, we describe the recent advances of CORA: quantitative-CORA (qCORA) and preparative-CORA (pCORA). qCORA takes the strategy of “metabolic stable isotopic labeling O-glycome of culture cells (SILOC),” and pCORA adapts cells to “O-glycan factories” when supplied with R-α-GalNAc(Ac)3 derivatives. qCORA and pCORA technologies can facilitate the cellular O-glycomics and functional O-glycomics studies.
Electrospray ionization-ion mobility spectrometry–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced charge stripping for the analysis of highly multiply charged intact polymers
Authors: Ozeki Yuka , Omae Mizuki , Kitagawa Shinya , Ohtani Hajime
Published: April 2019

Analysis of highly multiply charged polymers by IMS-MS/MS with collision-induced charge stripping.
Nanoscale dynamics of water confined in ordered mesoporous carbon
Authors: Ito Kanae , Faraone Antonio , Tyagi Madhusudan , Yamaguchi Toshio , Chen Sow-Hsin
Published: April 2019

The single particle dynamics of water confined in ordered mesoporous carbon matrix was investigated in the temperature range from 290 K to 170 K by quasielastic neutron scattering using three high resolution neutron spectrometers.
Construction of a novel ternary composite of Co-doped CdSe loaded on biomass carbon spheres as visible light photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic applications
Authors: Ma Changchang , Gao Xin , Wang Tao , Chen Rongru , Zhu Zhi , Huo Pengwei , Liu Yang , Yan Yongsheng
Published: April 2019

Co-CdSe/BCS photocatalyst is constructed using in situ growth of Co-CdSe nanodots on the surfaces of the biomass carbon spheres (BCS).
Role of organic components in regulating denitrification in the coastal water of Daya Bay, southern China
Authors: Zeng Jian , Chen Min , Guo Laodong , Lin Hui , Mu Xinyue , Fan Linfang , Zheng Minfang , Qiu Yusheng
Published: April 2019

The impact of dissolved and particulate organic mater on coastal water denitrification is evaluated. Particulate organic matter and its composition play a dominant role in regulating denitrifying activity.
Droplet-based single cell RNAseq tools: a practical guide
Authors: Salomon Robert , Kaczorowski Dominik , Valdes-Mora Fatima , Nordon Robert E. , Neild Adrian , Farbehi Nona , Bartonicek Nenad , Gallego-Ortega David
Published: April 2019

A step-by-step guide for droplet-based single cell RNAseq experiments, practical considerations and technical notes.
Efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells with carbon quantum dots-doped PCBM electron transport layer
Authors: Zhu Xiaomeng , Sun Jing , Yuan Shuai , Li Ning , Qiu Zhiwen , Jia Jinbiao , Liu Yining , Dong Jia , Lv Pin , Cao Bingqiang
Published: April 2019

The solar cell with carbon QDs-doped PCBM as its electron transporting layer shows the highest PCE of 18.1%.
Metal-free, green and efficient oxidative α halogenation of enaminones by halo acid and DMSO
Authors: Sorabad Ganesh Shivayogappa , Maddani Mahagundappa Rachappa
Published: April 2019

Metal free oxidative halogenation ofN-aryl enaminones has been demonstrated using a DMSO–halo acid combination under mild reaction conditions. The present method is a straightforward approach and is also applied for the synthesis of chromenone derivatives in excellent yields.
Reversible morphological switching and deformation hysteresis in electric field mediated instability of thin elastic films
Authors: Sahoo Sumita , Bhandaru Nandini , Mukherjee Rabibrata
Published: April 2019

Reversible morphology switching by external electric field in a soft elastic film between two parallel electrodes.
Importance of proton-coupled electron transfer in cathodic regeneration of organic hydrides
Authors: Ilic Stefan , Alherz Abdulaziz , Musgrave Charles B. , Glusac Ksenija D.
Published: April 2019

This communication reports a combined experimental and computational study of mechanisms by which biomimetic NADH analogs can be electrochemically regenerated.
Ligand assisted electrocatalytic water oxidation by a copper(ii) complex in neutral phosphate buffer
Authors: Kuilya Hemrupa , Alam Noohul , Sarma Debajit , Choudhury Diganta , Kalita Apurba
Published: April 2019

Electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of a copper(ii) complex, 1, [Cu(L1H)(L1)(OH2)](ClO4), with a redox active aryl oxime ligand, L1H [L1H = 1-(pyridin-2-yl) ethanone oxime] has been investigated.
Zirconium complexes supported by a ferrocene-based ligand as redox switches for hydroamination reactions
Authors: Shen Yi , Shepard Scott M. , Reed Christopher J. , Diaconescu Paula L.
Published: April 2019

The synthesis of (thiolfan*)Zr(NEt2)2 (thiolfan* = 1,1′-bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-thiophenoxy)ferrocene) and its catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination are reported.
Targeted filling of silica in Nafion by a modified in situ sol–gel method for enhanced fuel cell performance at elevated temperatures and low humidity
Authors: Xu Guoxiao , Li Shuai , Li Jing , Liu Zhao , Li Ying , Xiong Jie , Cai Weiwei , Qu Konggang , Cheng Hansong
Published: April 2019

By facilely utilizing an ionic cluster as a nano-reactor, a silica network can be targeted filled in Nafion to increase the PEMFC performance at elevated temperatures and low humidity. Moreover, the stability of Nafion can be improved for the long-term operation of PEMFC under harsh conditions.
Design and reactivity of pentapyridyl metal complexes for ammonia oxidation
Authors: Johnson Samantha I. , Heins Spencer P. , Klug Christina M. , Wiedner Eric S. , Bullock R. Morris , Raugei Simone
Published: April 2019

Computational and experimental work shows that Mo pentapyridal complexes can oxidize ammonia in the presence of a chemical mediator and evolve N2.
Organocatalytic enantioselective direct alkylation of phloroglucinol derivatives: asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-aflatoxin B2
Authors: Wang Zhonglei , Zu Liansuo
Published: April 2019

The organocatalytic enantioselective Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the phloroglucinol derivatives with enals is reported, providing general access to the benzylic chiral centers shown in a variety of phloroglucinol natural products.
Role of hydrophobic residues for the gaseous formation of helical motifs
Authors: Liu Lin , Dong Xin , Liu Yichang , Österlund Nicklas , Gräslund Astrid , Carloni Paolo , Li Jinyu
Published: April 2019

The secondary structure content of proteins and their complexes may change significantly on passing from aqueous solution to the gas phase (as in mass spectrometry experiments).
Hollow single-crystalline octahedra of hydrated/dehydrated hydroxyl ferric phosphate and crystal-water-enhanced electrochemical properties of the hydrated sample for reversible lithiation–delithiation
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Jiang Hongrui , Tian Fanghui , Ti Yamei , Zhang Miaomiao , Shen Qiang
Published: April 2019

Crystal water could modify lattice cell parameters and improve the lithium intercalation capability of Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3·2H2O hollow single-crystalline octahedra.
Mechanochemical preparation of molecular and ionic co-crystals of the hormone melatonin
Authors: Shemchuk O. , André V. , Duarte M. T. , Braga D. , Grepioni F.
Published: April 2019

Molecular and ionic co-crystals of melatonin with piperazine, DABCO and CaCl2 were obtained via kneading with ethanol: the solubility of melatonin in H2O increases by an order of magnitude when combined with CaCl2.
Halogen bonding of the aldehyde oxygen atom in cocrystals of aromatic aldehydes and 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene
Authors: Nemec Vinko , Fotović Luka , Vitasović Toni , Cinčić Dominik
Published: April 2019

Novel halogen bonded cocrystals of aromatic aldehydes have been synthesized. We present the halogen bond acceptor potential of the aldehyde group oxygen atom in competition with the hydroxy, methoxy and pyridine groups.
The impact of carbonate solvents on the self-discharge, thermal stability and performance retention of high voltage electrochemical double layer capacitors
Authors: Hess Lars H. , Wittscher Ladyna , Balducci Andrea
Published: April 2019

Advanced electrolytes for supercapacitors with high electrochemical stability are necessary to improve the suitability of supercapacitors for many applications.
Alkaline manganese electrochemistry studied byin situandoperandospectroscopic methods – metal dissolution, oxide formation and oxygen evolution
Authors: Rabe Martin , Toparli Cigdem , Chen Ying-Hsuan , Kasian Olga , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Erbe Andreas
Published: April 2019

During the oxygen evolution reaction, manganese rapidly dissolves, however, it has a disordered oxide layer with a steady state thickness.
In situ QXAS study of sulfidation/oxidative regeneration reactions of zinc molybdate (ZnMoO4) and ZnO–MoO3 materials
Authors: Girard Vincent , Chiche David , Baudot Arnaud , Bazer-Bachi Delphine , Lemaitre Laurent , Moizan-Baslé Virginie , Rochet Amélie , Briois Valérie , Geantet Christophe
Published: April 2019

QXAS combined to multivariate data analysis enabled to follow sulfidation and oxidative regeneration kinetics of Zn and Mo based materials, with a description of the evolution of the several intermediate phases.
Chlorine-assisted fabrication of hybrid supramolecular structures via electrostatic interactions
Authors: Xie Lei , Ding Yuanqi , Wang Xinyi , Xu Wei
Published: April 2019

Chlorine-assisted fabrication of hybrid structures composed of metal–organic and pure organic motifs via electrostatic interactions.
Novel macroalgae (seaweed) biorefinery systems for integrated chemical, protein, salt, nutrient and mineral extractions and environmental protection by green synthesis and life cycle sustainability assessments
Authors: Sadhukhan Jhuma , Gadkari Siddharth , Martinez-Hernandez Elias , Ng Kok Siew , Shemfe Mobolaji , Torres-Garcia Enelio , Lynch Jim
Published: April 2019

Highly efficient macroalgae based chemical factories and environmental protection have been comprehensively studied for the first time to displace fossil resources to mitigate climate change impact.
Antibody–antigen complex modelling in the era of immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing
Authors: Raybould Matthew I. J. , Wong Wing Ki , Deane Charlotte M.
Published: April 2019

This review describes a pipeline to find antigen binders in large immunoglobulin gene sequencing datasetsviahigh-throughput antibody–antigen complex modelling.
Vanadium complexes of different nuclearities in the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexanol – an experimental and theoretical investigation
Authors: Sutradhar Manas , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Roy Barman Tannistha , Kuznetsov Maxim L. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: April 2019

Catalytic activities of oxidovanadium(v) complexes towards microwave-assisted peroxidative oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexanol are explored by experimental and DFT calculations.
Synthetic control of the polar units in poly(thiophene carbazole) porous networks for effective CO2 capture
Authors: Yao Chan , Cui Di , Zhu Yiang , Xie Wei , Zhang Shuran , Xu Guangjuan , Xu Yanhong
Published: April 2019

Herein we present a rational strategy for the design of a porous organic structure based on conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), aiming for the super absorption of CO2.
Organotin metalloligands for selective sensing of metal ions
Authors: Vinayak Richa , Nayek Hari Pada
Published: April 2019

Four new organotin carboxylates, [(t-C4H9)2Sn(L1)2] (1), [(t-C4H9)2Sn(L2)2] (2), [{(n-C4H9)2Sn(L1)}2O]2 (3) and [{(n-C4H9)2Sn(L2)}2O]2 (4), are reported. All complexes selectively recognize Cu(ii) and Fe(iii) ions in solution. Complex 1 was found to be the best one for sensing those ions among all complexes.
Increased electrode activity during geosmin oxidation provided by Pt nanoparticle-embedded nanocarbon film
Authors: Kamata Tomoyuki , Sumimoto Michinori , Shiba Shunsuke , Kurita Ryoji , Niwa Osamu , Kato Dai
Published: April 2019

The musty odor compound geosmin was electrochemically detected by using Pt nanoparticle (PtNP)-embedded nanocarbon (Pt–C) films formed with unbalanced magnetron (UBM) co-sputtering.
Reversible gas–solid reaction in an electronically-stimulated palladium nanogap
Authors: Tamaoka Takehiro , Aso Ryotaro , Yoshida Hideto , Takeda Seiji
Published: April 2019

A reversible gas–solid reaction occurs on the tip surface of a positively biased palladium electrode in nitrogen in ETEM apparatus.
Anin situSERS study of plasmonic nanochemistry based on bifunctional “hedgehog-like” arrays
Authors: Guan Yuduo , Wang Zengyao , Gu Panpan , Wang Yu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Gang
Published: April 2019

Anin situSERS study of plasmonic nanochemistry is realized on hierarchical Ag “hedgehog-like” arrays with strong surface plasmon resonance.
Chiral heteronanotubes: arrangement-dominated chiral interface states and conductivities
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Wei Yadong , Liu Bingyi , Li Weiqi , Zhang Guiling , Jiang Yongyuan , Tian Wei Quan , Liu Linhua
Published: April 2019

The chiral interface states endow the chiral heteronanotubes with potential application as quantum inductances and nanosolenoids.
Chondroitin-analogue decorated magnetic nanoparticles via a click reaction for selective adsorption of low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Cheng Kai , Li Yichen , Cai Huijuan , Xu Xinyuan , Zhao Weifeng , Zhang Dongyue , Zhao Changsheng , Li Jianshu
Published: April 2019

Chondroitin-analogue polymers are synthesized to anchor on Fe3O4 nanoparticle surfaces to achieve efficient, selective and reusable adsorption of low-density lipoprotein.
On-line SEC-MR-NMR hyphenation: optimization of sensitivity and selectivity on a 62 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer
Authors: Botha Carlo , Höpfner Johannes , Mayerhöfer Britta , Wilhelm Manfred
Published: April 2019

The development of sophisticated synthetic routes for polymeric materials and more complex formulation used in current polymers require more advanced analytical techniques. A direct correlation between molar mass distribution and chemical composition is provided.
Highly sensitive detection of nitrite by using gold nanoparticle-decorated α-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays as self-supporting photo-electrodes
Authors: Kang Shenghong , Zhang Haimin , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Yunxia , Zhao Huijun , Zhou Hongjian , Cai Weiping
Published: April 2019

Gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-decorated-Fe2O3 nanorod arrays (AuNPs-Fe2O3) as a photoelectrode are applied to the detection of nitrite solution with a low limit of detection and high sensitivity.
Functionalized 2-hydrazinobenzothiazole with carbohydrates as a corrosion inhibitor: electrochemical, XPS, DFT and Monte Carlo simulation studies
Authors: Shaw Parinita , Obot I. B. , Yadav M.
Published: April 2019

Studies on hydrazinobenzothiazole compounds as efficient corrosion inhibitors for N80 steel in an acidic environment.
Ultra-high energy-storage density and fast discharge speed of (Pb0.98−xLa0.02Srx)(Zr0.9Sn0.1)0.995O3 antiferroelectric ceramics prepared via the tape-casting method
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Li Yong , Hao Xihong
Published: April 2019

A design methodology for developing antiferroelectric ceramics with ultra-high energy-storage density and fast discharge speed is proposed in this study.
Theoretical tuning of Ruddlesden–Popper type anti-perovskite phases as superb ion conductors and cathodes for solid sodium ion batteries
Authors: Yu Yuran , Wang Zhuo , Shao Guosheng
Published: April 2019

It is very important and yet extremely challenging to develop solid-state electrolytes for safe sodium ion batteries, largely due to sodium ions being significantly larger than lithium ones.
Periplanetasin-4, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the cockroach, inhibits communications between mitochondria and vacuoles
Authors: Lee Heejeong , Hwang Jae Sam , Lee Dong Gun
Published: April 2019

Communications between various organelle–organelles play an essential role in cell survival. The cross-talk between mitochondria and vacuoles comes up with the vital roles of the intercompartmental process. In this study, we found a couple of cell death features, membrane damage, and apoptosis using antimicrobial peptide from American Cockroach. Periplanetasin-4 (LRHKVYGYCVLGP-NH2) is a 13-mer peptide derived from Periplaneta americana and exhibits phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase activation without DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic features without DNA damage provide evidence that this peptide did not interact with DNA directly and exhibited dysfunction of mitochondria and vacuoles. Superoxide radicals were generated from mitochondria and converted to hydrogen peroxide. Despite the enhancement of catalase and total glutathione contents, oxidative damage disrupted intracellular contents. Periplanetasin-4 induced cell death associated with the production of superoxide radicals, calcium uptake in mitochondria and disorder of vacuoles, such as increased permeability and alkalization. While calcium movement from vacuoles to the mitochondria occurred, the cross-talk with these organelles proceeded and the inherent functionality was impaired. To sum up, periplanetasin-4 stimulates superoxide signal along with undermining the mitochondrial functions and interfering in communication with vacuoles.
Epstein–Barr virus infection is associated with clinical characteristics and poor prognosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Xia Bing , Wang Xi , Yang Ruifang , Mengzhen Li , Yang Kunpeng , Ren Li , Li Suxia , Wang Shuye , Zhang Yizhuo
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and multiple myeloma (MM) and its impact on clinical characteristics and prognosis. Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 139 MM patients who had been diagnosed and treated from January 2010 to May 2018 and 50 PBMC samples from healthy donors were obtained. PCR was carried out for detection of EBV-DNA. The results indicated a significantly higher EBV-DNA concentration among 139 MM patients compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of EBV-DNA was positively correlated with the serum free light chain ratio (sFLCR) and progressive disease (PD)/relapse (P<0.05). Especially, in EBV-DNA high-expression MM patients, EBV-DNA concentration for patients with sFLCR ≥100 was higher than that of patients with sFLCR <100. EBV-DNA concentration was higher in patients with disease PD/relapse than those without disease PD/relapse. In univariate analysis, the progress free survival (PFS) was inferior in MM patients with high expression of EBV-DNA, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high-risk according to mSMART and International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG), stage III according to R-ISS staging, extramedullary lesions, and genetic changes (P<0.05). However, in multivariate analysis, LDH, poor karyotype, R-ISS staging, and mSMART were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Taken together, our studies suggest that an association exists between EBV infection and clinical characteristics of MM patients, and EBV infection appears to have a slight impact on the prognosis of MM. However, the results require further validation in other independent prospective MM cohorts.
Chromatin fiber structural motifs as regulatory hubs of genome function?
Authors: Moraru Manuela , Schalch Thomas
Published: April 2019

Nucleosomes cover eukaryotic genomes like beads on a string and play a central role in regulating genome function. Isolated strings of nucleosomes have the potential to compact and form higher order chromatin structures, such as the well-characterized 30-nm fiber. However, despite tremendous advances in observing chromatin fibers in situ it has not been possible to confirm that regularly ordered fibers represent a prevalent structural level in the folding of chromosomes. Instead, it appears that folding at a larger scale than the nucleosome involves a variety of random structures with fractal characteristics. Nevertheless, recent progress provides evidence for the existence of structural motifs in chromatin fibers, potentially localized to strategic sites in the genome. Here we review the current understanding of chromatin fiber folding and the emerging roles that oligonucleosomal motifs play in the regulation of genome function.
Progression of Aphasia Severity in the Chronic Stages of Stroke
Authors: Johnson Lisa , Basilakos Alexandra , Yourganov Grigori , Cai Bo , Bonilha Leonardo , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose

The severity of aphasic impairment in chronic stroke survivors is typically thought to be stable by 6 months postonset. However, a recent study showed that stroke survivors with aphasia experience language improvement or decline in the chronic phase, years beyond onset. Little is known about why some individuals improve whereas others remain stable or decline. Additionally, no study has tracked changes in aphasia from assessments completed at multiple time points across many years. The current study offers a comprehensive analysis of potential predictive demographic and health information to determine which factors predict dynamic changes in aphasia severity in chronic stroke.

Methods

Individuals in the chronic stage of a single-event, left-hemisphere ischemic stroke were identified from an archival database and included for study (
N =
39). Participants were included if they had undergone 2 or more standardized language assessments acquired at time points at least 6 months apart, with the 1st assessment at least 6 months postinjury. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the impact of treatment and a variety of demographic and health factors on language change.

Results

Over time, half of the participants improved (51%), whereas approximately a quarter (26%) decreased, and a quarter (23%) remained stable. A greater number of aphasia treatment hours significantly predicted language improvement (
p
= .03), whereas older stroke age was associated with long-term decline (
p
= .04). Two interactions were found to be significant in predicting improvement in individuals with diabetes: Increased exercise and younger age at stroke were significant in predicting outcomes (
p
< .05).

Conclusions

Factors that significantly influence language recovery in chronic aphasia include stroke age and receiving aphasia treatment. For those with diabetes, increased exercise was shown to improve outcomes. Results from this study offer clinicians greater insight into the influence of patient factors on long-term recovery from stroke aphasia while suggesting a potential adjunct to language therapy: exercise.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7849304
Clinical Decision Making in Speech-Language Intervention for Toddlers With Autism and Other Social Communication Delays
Authors: Stronach Sheri T. , Schmedding-Bartley Janine L.
Published: April 2019

Purpose

This study investigated current speech-language intervention practices with young children with social communication delays including autism and the educational experiences that shape these practices.

Method

A 25-item web-based survey was completed by 264 speech-language pathologists who worked with children under the age of 3 years.

Results

A majority of respondents reported targeting a variety of areas of social communication across daily activities, regularly utilizing the parent as the primary agent, and often providing in-home services; however, a minority of respondents reported only using materials available in families' homes. Previous clinical experiences and continuing education were reported to most influence clinical decision making. Results indicated the incorporation of many aspects of evidence-based naturalistic interventions into practice and the use of continuing education opportunities to expand clinical knowledge.

Conclusion

Although speech-language pathologists reported promising directions toward recommended best practices, further research and training are needed to optimize services provided to young children and their families.
Low-cost, Battery-Powered, Efficient Wireless Intelligent Sensor (LEWIS2): Outdoors and Remote Sensing Applications
Authors: Agüero Marlon , Ozdagli Ali , Moreu Fernando
Published: April 2019

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems are used to monitor critical infrastructure, such as bridges, high-rise buildings, and stadiums, and it has been observed that SHM has the potential to both prolong the structure lifespan and to improve public safety. Within SHM studies and in the research on monitoring in general, the application of wireless sensors (WS) has recently gained considerable research interest due to the cost reduction, associated with the installation and maintenance of monitoring systems. However, despite the advances in the research on WS, there are several issues and challenges in the application of WS that require improvements, in particular for Outdoor Environment Monitoring (OEM) because of their harsh operational conditions, huge targeted areas and limited energy budgets. This paper presents a low-cost, battery-powered, efficient wireless intelligent sensor (LEWIS2) that stores acceleration and angular velocity on a memory card to accurately estimate the trajectory of different applications.
Infrastructure Stakeholders’ Perspective in Development and Implementation of New Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) Technologies for Maintenance and Management of Transportation Infrastructure
Authors: Maharjan Dilendra , Agüero Marlon , Lippitt Chris , Moreu Fernando
Published: April 2019

Infrastructure is the backbone of the US economy and a necessary input to every economic output [1]. The cost of infrastructure maintenance and management demands significant expense for government and private companies. Infrastructure owners want to increase efficiency and improve their bottom-line from existing infrastructure rather than building new ones [2]. One of the significant challenges for the engineering community has been adopting new technologies such as low-cost wireless smart sensors, augmented reality, Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-based Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). To receive first-hand insight from infrastructure owners, industry professionals and researchers, a workshop entitled ‘Infrastructure, Maintenance and Management Using New Technology’ was conducted in Fort Worth, Texas. In this paper the findings from the workshop are discussed. Stakeholders highlighted safety of the bridge inspectors as the priority in the maintenance and management work. Based on the findings of this workshop it now clear that adopting new technologies leads to higher safety for field inspectors. Key aspects include importance of new technologies for obtaining actionable data for maintenance and management, owner’s perspectives on development of future technologies, current research progress and challenges faced by infrastructure industry in implementing new technologies are presented.
Soft Soil Remediation with Permeable Low-Density Cellular Concrete (PLDCC)
Authors: Sutmoller Nico , Gomez Milton , Kevern John
Published: April 2019

This paper addresses the feasibility of using permeable low-density cellular concrete (PLDCC) in soft soil remediation applications. In discussing this feasibility, the paper will review and evaluate data from recent studies conducted at the University of Missouri Kansas City related to the physical properties of PLDCC, including permeability, infiltration, and void structure. This paper will cover the most typical applications for the utilization of PLDCC and take a brief look at the constructability and cost considerations. Three specific case studies are examined, including a wall abutment project in Bellingham, WA, a structural foundation project in New Orleans, LA, and a sinkhole remediation project in Chester County, PA. All three of these case studies utilized 25 to 35 pcf (pounds per cubic foot) (400 kg/m3 to 560 kg/m3) PLDCC for soft soil remediation.
Influence of Production Methodology on the Pozzolanic Activity of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Authors: Subedi Sujata , Arce Gabriel , Hassan Marwa , Kumar Nitin , Barbato Michele , Gutierrez-Wing Maria Teresa
Published: April 2019

Previous studies have shown the possibility of successful implementation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) in concrete production. However, its use has been constrained in the construction industry due to lack of a suitable largescale processing methodology of SCBA. In this study, the pozzolanic performance of SCBA produced using three different methodologies (i.e., uncontrolled burning, controlled burning, and post-processing of uncontrolled burning) was investigated. Experimental findings suggested that SCBA obtained from uncontrolled burning (raw SCBA) is not suitable for concrete application due to high carbon content. However, post-processing of raw SCBA yields a material with an adequate pozzolanic performance for concrete applications, which is comparable to SCBA produced under controlled burning conditions.
Evaluation of a Novel Road Thermoelectric Generator System
Authors: Tahami Seyed Amid , Gholikhani Mohammadreza , Nasouri Reza , Dessouky Samer
Published: April 2019

Capturing the unused energy is the challenging aspect in the harvesting process. Since one potentially important component for energy harvesting in the transportation sector is pavement, successful energy harvesting from roadway pavements can lead to sustainable transportation infrastructure systems. Asphalt pavement surface temperature can reach up to 70˚C in summer because of solar radiation. This paper presents a development of novel set of road thermoelectric generator system and describes the operation, design, and performance of the system installed within pavement that captures the heat energy from the temperature differential between the pavement surface and the subgrade soil. Designed prototype encompasses of thermoelectric generator, coolant module, heat collector and conductor. The efficiency and performance of the designed system were evaluated through the experiments and finite element modeling. Based on the results, the generated electrical power from the asphalt pavement could be a key source for providing off-grid power supply for sensors used in smart infrastructure, structural health monitoring, and environment sensing.
Ashes and Their Potential in Building Industry
Authors: Bulíková Lucia
Published: April 2019

The problem of processing, consuming and disposing of Secondary Energy Products is currently very much discussed in the construction sector. These products include ashes, scraps, and slags from the incineration of mined coal in the power industry. This article discusses the possibilities of using fly ash in road infrastructure as embankment fills or when adjusting soil properties and other use in construction industry.
Study on the Application of Recycled Fine Powder in Ready-Mixed Concrete
Authors: Cong Lan , Jialin Lu , Jing Chen , Hailun Wu , Dong Liu
Published: April 2019

The basic properties of the fly ash, recycled brick powder and recycled concrete powder, compared the recycled brick powder and recycled concrete powder instead of fly ash in concrete preparation, influence on the working performance and mechanical properties; and through the modifier to improve the concrete slump loss is too large, analyzes the mechanism of change influence of modifiers on mechanical properties of concrete. The results showed that the recycled brick powder and recycled concrete powder in certain fineness conditions, its performance with fly ash; retarder, activator and some surfactant composition modifier has obvious effect on the working performance and mechanical properties; and hydration calcium silicate aluminum increased the role of large the mechanical properties of concrete.
Computational BIM for Building Envelope Sustainability Optimization
Authors: Lim Yaik-Wah , Seghier Taki Eddine , Harun Muhamad Farhin , Ahmad Mohd Hamdan , Samah Azurah A. , Majid Hairudin Abdul
Published: April 2019

Building envelope plays an important role to protect a building from external climatic factors while providing a comfortable indoor environment. However, the choices of construction materials, opening sizes, and glazing types for optimized sustainability performance require discrete analyses and decision-making processes. Thereby this study explores the use of computational building information modelling (BIM) to automate the process of design decision-making for building envelope sustainability optimization. A BIM tool (Revit), a visual programming tool (Dynamo) and multi objective optimization algorithm were integrated to create a computational BIM-based optimization model for building envelope overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) and construction cost. The proposed model was validated through a test case; the results showed that the optimized design achieved 44.78% reduction in OTTV but 19.64% increment in construction cost compared to the original design. The newly developed computational BIM optimization model can improve the level of automation in design process for sustainability.
Membrane Sunspace for Old Buildings Refurbishment: Environmental Impact, Economic and Building Technology's Comparison to Conventional Solutions
Authors: Macieira Mónica , Mendonça Paulo , Guedes João Miranda
Published: April 2019

This study presents a state of the art and design proposal for membrane sunspaces, as alternative to conventional ones, in glass, commonly used in the functional refurbishment of old buildings. Sunspaces are passive solar systems that can be easily integrated in existing buildings. Enclosing balconies with glazing has an impact on existing building functional performance (useful area, thermal performance and acoustic improvement) and it may even postpone the renovation need of the intervened building. However, inevitably, many of old buildings are located in areas with access restrictions and other physical constraints on the movement of materials, components and equipment - that limits its construction and maintenance processes and thus demand for alternative solutions. Glass is being applied in all types of sunspaces, so architects and engineers take for granted that it has to be inevitably used. However, a major weakness of glass is its weight and cost, specially associated with installation complexity, framing systems and accessories needed. The fact that membrane requires less substructure, changes the architectural approach - giving more freedom to design options. Membrane construction technology and installation process could be a practical alternative to traditional construction methods for closing balconies in old buildings. For this research, a full-scale Membrane Alternative Sunspace prototype was implemented into an old building (taken as case study) to evaluate the real construction process aspects and compare it with the common glazed solutions. Results were examined from an environmental, economic and building technology's point of view - regarding production, construction and maintenance phases.
Therapie des Spasmus hemifacialis mit
Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Laskawi Rainer , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja , Urban Peter P.
Published: April 2019

Der Spasmus hemifacialis (SHF) ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die gekennzeichnet
ist durch unwillkürliche Kontraktionen der vom Nervus facialis innervierten
Muskulatur einer Gesichtshälfte. Die Symptome können tonisch oder klonisch,
intermittierend oder permanent auftreten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch.
Zur Ausschlussdiagnostik sollte eine MRT des Schädels eingesetzt werden, die
einen pathologischen Nerv-Gefäß-Kontakt nachweisen und alternative Ursachen
ausschließen kann. Häufig ist die Symptomatik nur gering ausgeprägt, so dass
keine Therapie notwendig ist. Therapie der Wahl ist die Injektion von
Botulinumtoxin zur Reduktion der pathologischen Aktivität. Die
Dekompressionsoperation nach Jannetta gilt als Alternative, wird jedoch von den
meisten Patienten nicht in Anspruch genommen.
Definition und Steuergrößen von (Hoch-)intensivem Intervalltraining in Bewegungstherapie & Gesundheitssport
Authors: Zinner Christoph , Sperlich Billy
Published: April 2019

Aufgrund ähnlicher und teilweise sogar höherer zentraler und periphererer Trainingsanpassungen im Vergleich zu niedrig-intensivem aerobem Ausdauertraining ist der Einsatz von Hochintensivem Intervalltraining (HIIT) seit einigen Jahren zum Standard in der Rehabilitation einiger Krankheitsbilder geworden. Welche Parameter zur Intensitätssteuerung während HIIT eingesetzt werden (können), hängt stark vom jeweiligen Krankheitsbild des Patienten ab. Klassische einfache physiologische Parameter sind die Herzfrequenz und die Herzfrequenzreserve. Hiermit wird das Training zumeist als % der maximalen Herzfrequenz bzw. Herzfrequenzreserve gesteuert. Kostengünstig einzusetzen sind Skalen des subjektiven Belastungsempfindens. Sollten diese einfachen Parameter nicht nutzbar sein, besteht die Möglichkeit, die maximale Leistung / Geschwindigkeit aus einem Stufentest als Orientierungsgröße zu nutzen.
Cholesterin – Baustein oder Risikofaktor?
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter
Published: April 2019

Cholesterin ist lebenswichtiger Baustein von Membranen und Ausgangspunkt vieler Syntheseleistungen des Körpers. Ein komplexes Regulationssystem sorgt für die Aufrechterhaltung der Cholesterinbalance im Körper. Sowohl Cholesterinmangel als auch erhöhte Werte beeinträchtigen die Gesundheit. Während der gesamten Lebensdauer ist Cholesterin von Bedeutung für Aufbau, Reparatur und ungestörte Funktion des Gehirns. Störungen des Metabolismus im Gehirn zählen zu den ursächlichen Faktoren neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Der lange Zeit propagierte direkte kausale Zusammenhang zwischen hoher Cholesterinaufnahme z. B. aus Eiern bzw. hohem LDL-Blutspiegel und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen konnte in wissenschaftlichen Studien nicht zweifelsfrei nachgewiesen werden. Der steigende Einsatz von Statinen zur ungezielten Cholesterinsenkung ist somit nicht begründbar.
Die generation Y ist DA: Kliniken müssen bei Mitarbeiterkommunikation umdenken
Authors: Heiß Tanja
Published: April 2019

Die Digitalisierung bietet Vorteile für den internen Austausch in Krankenhäusern. Gleichzeitig verkümmern unsere rhetorischen Fähigkeiten zu Steinzeitniveau. Geht es heute eigentlich nur noch digital?
Knee Ultrasonography to Determine Risk for Noncontact Injuries in Collegiate American Football Players
Authors: Lewis Ryan A. , Cook Cristi R. , Smith Patrick A. , Stannard James P. , Sharp Rex L. , Blecha Kyle M. , Cook James L.
Published: April 2019

Knee ultrasonography has been used effectively as a screening tool for determining risk for knee injuries in athletes. Ultrasonography may be a valuable screening tool for relative risk of noncontact knee injuries that occur over a typical playing career in collegiate American football players. In this prospective longitudinal study, we evaluated American football players (n = 48) in an academic institution affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletic program. Players underwent comprehensive ultrasonography of both knees prior to beginning their collegiate careers. Anatomic structures were evaluated for presence and severity of abnormalities. Noncontact lower extremity injuries sustained over the collegiate career of the subjects were documented. Data were analyzed for correlations, differences in proportions, and odds ratio (OR). Seventy-nine percent of the athletes had at least one ultrasonographic abnormality, with quadriceps tendon (47.9%) and patellar tendon (39.6%) abnormalities predominating. Seventy-nine percent of players had at least one noncontact lower extremity injury (23.5% involving the knee) during their careers with an average of 2.8 injuries per career. The majority of injuries occurred in the second and third playing years. There was a significantly higher likelihood of patellar tendon injury based on the presence of patellar tendon ultrasonographic pathology (p = 0.024; OR = 11x). There was a significantly higher likelihood of quadriceps muscle–tendon injury based on the presence of quadriceps tendon ultrasonography pathology (p = 0.0012; OR = 140x). All athletes sustaining meniscal injuries had preexisting joint effusion but no preexisting ultrasonographic meniscal pathology. Knee ultrasonography along with patient history and complete physical examination may help reduce injury risk through education, prevention, and training programs.