bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Molding Processing on Properties of Al2O3-Al Cermet Prepared via Powder Metallurgy Method
Authors: Wang Rui Hua , Bai Xiao Bo , Jiang Xiao Dong , Yi Deng Liang , Wang Fang , Chen Ai Xia , Song Jie Guang , Chen Lin
Published: August 2018

Cermet while maintaining the excellent properties of ceramic materials, but also have the advantages of a metal material, is an important new engineering materials. In this paper, Al-Al2O3 cermet is prepared using different molding process via the powder metallurgy method to study the properties of Al-Al2O3 cermet. The conclusions are shown the density of the initial and late increase is not obvious with the cermet body forming pressure increases, but the increase in density of 20-30MPa is more obvious. The density of the cermet material increases with prolonging holding pressure time is shown, the initial increase speed is faster, and the later growth rate becomes weaker. In the different molding pressure, the pressure is 40MPa and 15min, sintering temperature is 700°C and 1h, the sample density is 2.084g/cm3, the highest density, the best performance, aluminum and alumina distribution is the most uniform.
Isothermal Oxidation Resistance of Zr3[Al(Si)]4C6-Based Composite Ceramics at 1000-1300°C in Air
Authors: Yu Lei , Liu Hui , Liang Kai , Zang Zhen Di , Shi Jia Cheng , Shen Yi Ru , Tian Qi , Wang Xu Hong
Published: August 2018

The isothermal oxidation behavior of Zr3[Al(Si)]4C6-ZrB2-ZrC composite ceramics at 1000-1300 °C in air has been investigated. The oxidation kinetics of the composites and generally follows a parabolic law. At the same oxidation temperature and time, the weight gain per unit surface area, oxidation rate constant and oxide thickness of the composites are higher than those of monolithic Zr3[Al(Si)]4C6 ceramic. With the incorporation of ZrB2 and ZrC, the oxidation resistance of the composites becomes poor. The surfaces of the oxide layer have a loose and porous structure, consisting of mainly ZrO2 and little mullite, and there are no dense oxide films preventing the inward diffusion of oxygen element effectively.
Preparation of YAM Coating on the ZrB2 Composites and their Ablation Resistance
Authors: Li Shi Bin , Song Jie Guang , Ru Hong Ying , Bai Xiao Bo , Yi Zhi Hai
Published: August 2018

The YAM coatings on the ZrB2 composites surface were prepared by co-precipitation technique and with Al (NO3)3 and Y(NO3)3 solutions acting as precursor. The effect of matrix surface treating conditions, dipping times and calcination temperature was investigated. Phase compostion, coating morphology and interface between matrix and coating were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The results indicated that the YAM coating was formed after calcined at 1250°C in vaccum. The thickness of coating was increased with the dipping times, the smoothest coating was obtained by two dipping times, and matrix surface coarsing was beneficial for improving the adhension between matrix and coating. The ablative teste was evaluated at 2000°C by oxy-acetylene flame, the ablative properties was obviously improved by coating compared with uncoated composites.
Fabrication and Growth Mechanism of Nanoleaf Sodium Titanate Coating on High-Purity Titanium Surface
Authors: Wang Ya Ming , Song Yong Fa , Lu Zhi , Wang Guang Xin , Yan Yan Fu , Deng Shun Lan , Guo Shuai Dong , Osaka Akiyoshi
Published: August 2018

Highly-ordered nanoleaf sodium titanate were successfully synthesized on high-purity titanium surface by catalyst oxidation method. Sodium metaborate powder was coated on titanium substrates, heated in an electric furnace at 650°C for 5 hours and then subjected to a water bath rinse. The structure and morphology of oxide coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the fabricated coatings were composed of rutile and sodium titanium, providing the excellent biocompatibility and nanoscale even gap structure between bamboo-shaped sodium titanate. The mechanism about the growth of highly-ordered nanoleaf sodium titanate also discussed in the current work.
Preparation of Low Dielectric Constant Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics for Radome Application
Authors: Li Ling , Zhu Bao Xin , Wang Hong Sheng , Zhang Jie
Published: August 2018

The porous silicon nitride ceramics with low dielectric constant and high flexural strength were obtained by adding pore-forming agent through partial sintering technique. The effects of pore-forming agent amount on the properties of porous silicon nitride ceramics were investigated. Microstructure was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the porous structure is formed by the overlap of pillar β-Si3N4 with high length diameter ratio. The porosity of samples rises with the increase of pore-forming agent content, which leads to the decrease of the dielectric constant and loss, but the decrease of flexural strength. When the pore-forming agent of PMMA with mass fraction of 20% was added, the volume density, porosity, dielectric constant and loss of porous silicon nitride ceramics were 1.17g/cm3, 66.5%, 2.33 and 0.8×10-3 respectively, with higher flexural strength of 75MPa which is satisfactory as low dielectric material for core layer of broadband radome.
High Piezoelectric Properties and High TC in KNN-Based Lead-Free Ceramics Sintered in Reducing Atmosphere
Authors: Zhen Yi Chao , Cen Zhen Yong , Feng Wei , Wang Xiao Hui , Li Long Tu
Published: August 2018

Lead-free MnO doped 0.955K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.045Bi0.5Na0.5ZrO3(abbreviate as KNN-0.045BNZ) ceramics have been prepared by a conventional solid-state sintering method in a reducing atmosphere. The addition of MnO suppresses grain growth and eliminates the liquid phase. MnO dopant changes the crystalline structures of KNN-0.045BNZ ceramics from the classical Morphotropic Phase Boundary (MPB) with rhombohedral phase (R) and tetragonal phase (T) to the suppressed MPB with R/T phase. The 0.4% MnO doped KNN-0.045BNZ ceramics show an excellent electrical properties with quasi static piezoelectric constantd33=300 pC/N, Curie temperatureTC= 350 °C, insulation resistivity ρ=4.83 × 1011(Ω・cm), and high field piezoelectric constants =438 pm/V (atEmax= 25 kV/cm). The results indicate that the 0.4%Mn doped KNN-0.045BNZ ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric candidate material for commercial applications.
The Effects of Halogen Exchange on the Structural Features, Thermal Behavior and Photoluminescence of Y/Eu Layered Rare-Earth Hydroxide (LRH) Nanosheets
Authors: Huang Jun Jie , Liu Qiu Rong , Zhang Rui , Wu Xiao Li
Published: August 2018

Solid-solution nanosheets (down to ~5 nm thick, in the form of flower like assemblies) of the (Y0.95Eu0.05)2NO3∙nH2O were directly synthesized via chemical precipitation at the freezing temperature of ~4°C. In situ exchange of the interlayer NO3- with halogen anions produced a series of halogen derivatives (Y0.95Eu0.05)2X∙nH2O (X= F-, Cl-, Br- and I-) of the same layered structure and two-dimensional crystallite morphology. The basal spacing of the derivatives was discussed from the geometric size/spatial orientation of the anions and also from anion-host interaction via electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding. The thermal behavior and photoluminescence spectroscopies were found to be strongly related to the anion-host interactions.
Energy Transfer and Spectroscopic Characterization of New Green Emitting Li3Ba2Gd3(WO4)8:Tb3+ Phosphor
Authors: Guo Wen Lei , Jiao Yan Ting , Wang Ping Shun , Liu Qi , Liu Shan , Hou Feng
Published: August 2018

A new tungstate family, Li3Ba2Gd3(WO4)8doped with Tb3+is synthesized by using a conventional high-temperature solid-state method to explore new pure green phosphors for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). The results from the X-Ray patterns show that the crystal structures of the hosts are composed of tungstate zigzags and the Gd3+-Gd3+units, which are isolated by the [WO4]2-groups. The critical concentration of Tb3+is up to x=2.0 in the singly doped phosphors, which is ascribed to the interaction of the isolated Gd3+ions being mitigated by [WO4]2-groups. The characteristic green emission peaks at around 547 nm are also observed, which result from the5D4→7F5transition of Tb3+ions, and the optimal doping concentration is x=2.0.
The Study of Heating Mode of an Expansion Insulation Material
Authors: Fang Kai , Chen Yu Feng , Zhang Shi Chao , Sun Hao Ran , Sun Xian Kai , Yan Da Chen , Tao Liu Shi
Published: August 2018

A new kind of alumina fiber-based expandable insulation material was designed using expandable graphite, alumina fiber and aluminum phosphate adhesives, and fabricated through wet mixing, vacuum suction filter, pressure drying. This material had 100%-300% of volume expansion ratio under temperatures from 400 to 1000°C, well heat insulation performance and mechanical property after expansion. Due to the special expanding property of expandable graphite, the heating mode will seriously impact on the properties of material. In this paper, the influence of two different heating-up modes on the material properties had been studied. At slowly heating-up mode, the expansion ratio almost maintained at 115%, and the compression strength increased visibly comparing with fast heating-up. At one-side heating-up mode, the expansion ratio was lower than the all-side heating-up mode, which respectively were 164.9 % and 226.9% at 800°C, and the compression strength increased slightly because of the extension of heat treatment time.
Effect of WO3 on the Performances of Cordierite Ceramics Synthesized by Using Kyanite as Raw Materials
Authors: Qin Meng Li , Wang Xi Tang , Wang Zhou Fu , Ma Yan , Liu Hao
Published: August 2018

In order to synthesize cordierite ceramics with low thermal expansion coefficient and good properties, in our work, the cordierite ceramics were prepared by using talc, natural containing zirconium kyanite, common kyanite and industrial Al2O3 as raw materials, introducing the right amount of WO3 (introducing tungsten acid) as catalyst. The effects of the introduced WO3 on the phase composition, sintering characters, microstructure and thermal expansion coefficient of the cordierite ceramics were investigated. The results show that the introduction of WO3 can eliminate the intermediate phase magnesia-alumina spinel and promote the formation of cordierite; the as-prepared cordierite ceramics synthesized by using natural containing zirconium kyanite as raw materials have high densification degree and low thermal expansion coefficient (1.53×10-6/°C, Rt~1000 °C).
SiGe vs. Si Selective Wet Etching for Si Gate-all-Around
Authors: Komori Kana , Rip Jens , Yoshida Yukifumi , Wostyn Kurt , Sebaai Farid , Liu Wen Dar , Lee Yi Chia , Sekiguchi Ryo , Mertens Hans , Hikavyy Andriy , Holsteyns Frank , Horiguchi Naoto
Published: August 2018

Gate All-Around (GAA) is considered a key design feature for future CMOS technology. SiGe vs. Si selective etch is required for Si nanowire formation in GAA. It is confirmed the selective SiGe removal with commodity chemical (mixtures of hydrofluoric acid (HF), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acetic acid (CH3COOH, HAc)), however the thick oxidized layer on Si NW was observed after commodity chemical process, which is indicated the significant Si NW loss. On the other hand, the formulated mixture ACT® SG-101, which is focusing on SiGe oxidizer, chemical pH, solvent polarity & corrosion inhibitor for chemical concept, was performed higher selectivity and lower Si loss than commodity chemical. The formulated mixture has also been used to form an inner spacer for cavity etch scheme and confirmed uniform cavity etch and inner spacer filling on topological test structure.
Atomic Layer Deposition of TiN below 600 K Using N2H4
Authors: Hinckley Adam , Muscat Anthony
Published: August 2018

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to grow titanium nitride (TiN) on SiO2with TiCl4and N2H4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ellipsometry were used to characterize film growth. A hydrogen-terminated Si (Si-H) surface was used as a reference to understand the reaction steps on SPM cleaned SiO2. The growth rate of TiN at 573 K doubled on Si-H compared to SiO2because of the formation of Si-N bonds. When the temperature was raised to 623 K, O transferred from Ti to Si to form Si-N when exposed to N2H4. Oxygen and Ti could be removed at 623 K by TiCl4producing volatile species. The added surface reactions reduce the Cl in the film below detection limits.
Carbon Removal and Native Oxide Cleaning on Si and SiGe Surfaces in Previum Chamber
Authors: Wang Fei , Jotheeswaran Bubesh , Tolle John , Lin Xing , Gao Pei Pei , Demos Alex
Published: August 2018

Advanced technology node demands new capabilities in pre-cleaning substrates of epitaxy films. In particular, cleaning carbon and native oxide on Si and SiGe surfaces are required. In this paper, we present an approach to cleaning both carbon and Si/SiGe native oxide using Previum chamber with two distinct chemistries. FTIR and SEM are used to characterize the conversion and sublimation steps of cleaning native oxide, and carbon film etch rate by hydrogen radicals is presented. The carbon cleaning and oxide cleaning capabilities are integrated in Previum chamber and significantly improved cleaning results are supported by SIMS.
Determination of HCl Transport Coefficients in Real FOUP Polymers for HCl Cross-Contamination Assessment from FOUP to Wafer
Authors: Tran Minh-Phuong , González-Aguirre Paola , Beitia Carlos , Lungren Jorgen , Moon Sung In , Fontaine Hervé
Published: August 2018

The HCl transport coefficients of commercial FOUPs made of polymers such as polycarbonate (PC), Entegris Barrier Material (EBM) and composite of Entegris Barrier Material/carbon nanotubes (EBMCNT)) were experimentally determined by the sorption kinetic method taking into account the surface effect. Afterward, these transport coefficients were used as input data for the membrane polymer model. The HCl concentration profiles within different FOUPs polymers were simulated in different contamination scenarios, queue time and purge steps. Having the polar group in polymeric chains, PC showed a higher affinity to HCl rather than EBM and EBMCNT, leading to a higher HCl diffusivity. According to simulation data, the HCl contaminant, therefore, penetrates deeper into FOUPs walls made of PC. In contrary, the EBM and EBMCNT have low HCl penetrating depth and the total HCl uptake mass is mostly present near the surface (< 20 µm) for EBM and EBMCNT. In addition, the transferred HCl onto Cu-coated wafers stored in PC and EBMCNT FOUPs was also discussed and compared.
TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY (TE) IS A USEFUL TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF LIVER IRON CHELATION IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE PATIENTS
Authors: DELICOU SOPHIA
Published: August 2018

Sickle cell disease patients often need regular blood transfusions to improve both the quality of life and survival from the veno-occlusive complications of the disease. Deferasirox, a convenient long acting oral agent, has recently been introduced in clinical practice with promising efficacy.This study aims to evaluate the association of liver stiffness and possible fibrosis with iron deposition and confirm the use of elastography as a validated test of responding to chelation with low cost and easy access. 15 patients with sickle cell disease and systemic or occasional transfusionswere evaluated with MRI,transient elastography and biochemistry, for liver iron(LIC) and liver stiffness(LSM) before onset and one year after taking Deferasirox.All patients completed the study.Our results showed improvement in hepatic iron and hepatic stiffness after chelation therapy; Furthermore ALT, AST, LDH and ferritin levels have improved after 12 months of therapy with deferasirox.During the study no serious adverse events were encountered indicating the safety of the drug.Transient liver elastography findings correlate with serum ferritin and LIC in patients with sickle cell disease and it is a useful tool for assessing the response of liver iron chelation therapy.  Keywords: Sickle cell disease, iron chelation, transient elastography, transfusion, iron overload
PREVALENCE OF THALASSEMIA AMONG NEWBORNS: A RE-VISITED AFTER 20 YEARS OF A PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM IN NORTHEAST THAILAND.
Authors: Fucharoen Goonnapa
Published: August 2018

Background: To provide accurate prevalence information of thalassemia in northeast Thailand after 20 years implementation of a prevention and control program, thalassemia screening was carried out in newborns.   Methods: Study was done on 350 cord blood specimens collected consecutively at Maternal and Child Hospital, Regional Health Promotion Center 7, Khon Kaen, Thailand. All kinds of a- and β-thalassemias were identified using combined hemoglobin (Hb) and DNA analyses. Results: Among 350 newborns examined, subjects with thalassemia genes were identified in 184 (52.6%) cases with as many as 22 different genotypes. The most prevalent one was Hb E (39.1%). The incidence of 3.1% a0-thalassemia, 25.9% a+-thalassemia, 5.4% Hb Constant Spring and 1.4% of Hb Paksé were encountered. Heterozygous β-thalassemia was found in 2 cases (0.6%). Hb capillary electrophoresis could demonstrate Hb E in all cases with Hb E and detected different levels of Hb Bart’s for different a-thalassemia genotypes but not in all cases with a-thalassemia. No newborn with severe thalassemia diseases was encountered.Conclusion: This study reveals that a-thalassemia, β-thalassemia and Hb E carriers as well as complex thalassemia syndromes are still prevalence and indicates a need for continuing a prevention and control program in the region.
MuniGov 2.0, A New Residency Requirement: Local Government Professionals in Second Life
Authors: Mergel Ines A , Gardner Michelle , Broviak Pamela , Greeves William
Published: August 2018

The virtual world Second Life allows social interactions among avatars - online representations of real-life people – and is slowly adopted in the public sector as a tool for innovative ways to interact with citizens, interorganizational collaboration, education and recruitment (Wyld 2008). Governments are setting up online embassies, voting simulations, interactive learning simulations and virtual conferences. While there are very prominent and elaborate examples on the federal and state level of government, we have seen only a handful of applications on the local level. One of these local examples is MuniGov2.0 – a collaboration of municipal government professionals who regularly meet in Second Life. The goal of the group is to support each others geographically distributed implementation attempts to incorporate new technologies in the public sector. Interviews with the founding members and core group show clear mission-specific needs that Second Life collaboration can support, but that there are also technological and behavioral challenges involved using this highly interactive environment. The article will highlight the challenges, how they were met, lessons learned, future directions of the project and ends with recommendations for the use of Second Life in local government.
Positive interaction between work and home, and psychological availability on women’s work engagement: A “shortitudinal” study
Authors: Łaba Karolina , Geldenhuys Madelyn
Published: August 2018

Orientation: Women’s work engagement is affected by how well they balance their work and personal life, and their level of confidence in their capability at work.Research purpose: Determine whether women’s daily psychological availability mediates daily positive work-home interaction and daily positive home-work interaction on daily work engagement.Motivation for the study: Research into negative work–home and home–work interaction is in abundance. Limited studies focus on the positive effects on women’s experiences at work (i.e. work engagement). Little is known about women’s psychological availability and how it affects their work. Furthermore, little research provides us insights into the day-level experiences of women at work.Research approach/design and method: A quantitative, shortitudinal design was used. Data analyses accounted for multilevel structure in the data (within-person vs. between-person differences). Female employees (n = 60) from various industries in Gauteng, completed electronic diaries in the form of a survey for 10 consecutive working days.Main findings: Daily psychological availability mediates between daily positive work-home interaction and daily work engagement. Daily positive home-work interaction did not predict daily work engagement, but had a significant effect on daily psychological availability.Practical/managerial implications: Examining systems and structures that promote opportunities for women to become more psychologically available at work impacts their sustainable retention.Contribution/value-add: This study found significant relationships between day-level uses of personal resources and spillover effects of home-work and work-home on day-level work engagement. The study further contributes to the literature on positive work–home and home–work interaction.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease with unusual presentation of peripheral neuropathy and ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Arwani Mais , Purohit Abhishek , Haddad Abdullah , Rana Sandeep
Published: August 2018

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a well-described disease. It is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, ataxia, pyramidal, and extrapyramidal signs. There are well-defined electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and markers found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The gold standard for diagnosing CJD remains brain biopsy. We present a case of a patient with a family history of biopsy-proven CJD who initially presented with symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. A month later, he developed ataxia, ophthalmoparesis, and then dysarthria. His initial workup was relatively unrevealing, showing an elevated protein in his CSF. He was thought to have Miller Fisher syndrome variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome. He neither, however, responded to plasmapheresis nor IVIG. He later started to develop progressive dementia. Repeated MRI showed restricted diffusion in the caudate and putamen, as well as in the cortex (cortical ribboning). Lumbar puncture was then found to be positive for 14-3-3 protein, total-tau protein, and real-time quaking-induced conversion assay, which are highly suggestive of CJD. We present a case of CJD with an unusual presentation resulting in misdiagnosis, prolonged workup, and potentially harmful treatment modalities. This case highlights the importance of broadening our definition of CJD to encompass more cases with unusual presentations.
Comparing climate change indices between a northern (arid) and a southern (humid) basin in Mexico during the last decades
Authors: Montero-Martínez Martín José , Santana-Sepúlveda Julio Sergio , Pérez-Ortiz Naydú Isabel , Pita-Díaz Óscar , Castillo-Liñan Salvador
Published: August 2018

Abstract. It is a matter of current study to determine potential
climate changes in different parts of the world, especially in regions like
a basin which has the potential to affect socioeconomic and environmental
issues in a defined area. This study provides a comparison between several
climate change indices trends of two very different basins in Mexico, one
located in the northern arid region (the Conchos River basin) and the other
in the southern humid area (the Usumacinta River basin). First, quality
control, homogenization, and completion of the missing data were applied
before calculating the climate change indices and their respective trends
for the combined period 1961–1994. A clear warming signal was found for the
two basins in addition to an increment in the DTR, in agreement with other
studies in Mexico. Also, the Conchos River basin was found to be more humid
and the Usumacinta River basin drier, in accordance to a supposed seesaw
behavior indicated in previous analysis.
Late Holocene channel pattern change from laterally stable to meandering – a palaeohydrological reconstruction
Authors: Candel Jasper H. J. , Kleinhans Maarten G. , Makaske Bart , Hoek Wim Z. , Quik Cindy , Wallinga Jakob
Published: August 2018

Abstract. River channel patterns may alter due to changes in hydrological regime
related to changes in climate and/or land cover. Such changes are well
documented for transitions between meandering and braiding rivers, whereas
channel pattern changes between laterally stable and meandering rivers are
poorly documented and understood. We hypothesize that many low-energy
meandering rivers had relatively low peak discharges and were laterally
stable during most of the Holocene, when climate was relatively stable and
human impact was limited. Our objectives in this work are to identify a Late
Holocene channel pattern change for the low-energy Overijsselse Vecht river,
to develop and apply a novel methodology to reconstruct discharge as a
function of time following a stochastic approach, and to relate this channel
pattern change to reconstructed hydrological changes. We established that the
Overijsselse Vecht was laterally virtually stable throughout the Holocene
until the Late Middle Ages, after which large meanders formed at lateral
migration rates of about 2 m yr−1. The lateral stability before the
Late Middle Ages was constrained using a combination of coring information,
ground-penetrating radar (GPR), radiocarbon (14C) dating, and
optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. We quantified bankfull
palaeodischarge as a function of time based on channel dimensions that were
reconstructed from the scroll bar sequence and channel cut-offs using coring
information and GPR data, combined with chronological constraints from
historical maps and OSL dating. We found that the bankfull discharge was
significantly greater during the meandering phase compared to the laterally
stable phase. Empirical channel and bar pattern models showed that this
increase can explain the channel pattern change. The bankfull discharge
increase likely reflects climate changes related to the Little Ice Age and/or
land use changes in the catchment, in particular as a result of peat
reclamation and exploitation.
Monitoring, cataloguing, and weather scenarios of thunderstorm outflows in the northern Mediterranean
Authors: Burlando Massimiliano , Zhang Shi , Solari Giovanni
Published: August 2018

Abstract. High sampling rate (10 Hz) anemometric measurements of the Wind, Ports, and Sea monitoring network in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea have been analysed to extract the thunderstorm-related signals and catalogue them into three families according to the different time-scale of each event, subdivided among 10 min, 1, and 10 h events. Their characteristics in terms of direction of motion and seasonality/daily occurrence have been analysed: the results showed that most of the selected events come from the sea and occur from 12:00 to 00:00 UTC during the winter season. In terms of peak wind speed, the strongest events all belonged to the 10 min family, but no systematic correlation was found between event duration and peaks.Three events, each one representative of the corresponding class of duration, have been analysed from the meteorological point of view, in order to investigate their physical nature. According to this analysis, which was mainly based on satellite images, meteorological fields obtained from GFS analyses related to convection in the atmosphere, and lightning activity, the thunderstorm-related nature of the 10 min and 1 h events was confirmed. The 10 h event turned out to be a synoptic event, related to extra-tropical cyclone activity.
Historicidade da propriedade privada capitalista e os cercamentos
Authors: De Calasans Melo Andrade Diogo
Published: August 2018

O objetivo desse artigo é diferenciar os diversos tipos de “propriedade privada”que surgiram em nossa história, desde a Idade Antiga, passando pela Idade Média, até chegar a atual propriedade privada capitalista. Para tanto, identificou-se a relação entre a Revolução Francesa e a Revolução Agrária com surgimento da propriedade privada capitalista. Por outro viés, detectou-se que com as expropriações, decorrentes dos cercamentos, houve a dissolução entre trabalho e propriedade. Com isso, promoveu-se o acúmulo de capital e a expulsão da população do campo para a cidade. Por fim, percebeu se que esse fenômeno, de origem inglesa, ainda existe, atualmente, impedindo o acesso à terra e empurrando a população pobre para a periferia das cidades.
Entendimento de professores universitários sobre o seu fazer: ensino como atividade preponderante e extensão como atividade ainda periférica
Authors: Nehring Cátia Maria , Koltermann Battisti Isabel , Cezar Pozzobon Marta Cristina
Published: August 2018

As dimensões ensino, pesquisa e extensão são tratadas de diferentes formas a partir da natureza e da organização acadêmica das instituições de educação superior. A indissociabilidade entre elas possibilita o estabelecimento e o desenvolvimento do espírito científico universal. Esta escrita baseia-se em uma investigação que objetiva discutir a constituição do professor da educação superior e levanta as seguintes questões: qual relação os professores que atuam em universidades estabelecem entre suas atividades de ensino, de pesquisa e de extensão? Eles compreendem a indissociabilidade entre as três atividades como política de suas instituições? Qual é o papel atribuído à extensão a partir da perspectiva de que esta dimensão é um elemento de diálogo e aprendizagem entre universidade e sociedade? Os dados empíricos consideraram um questionário respondido por professores que atuam em universidades com jornada de trabalho de tempo integral. As análises organizaram-se a partir de duas unidades e consideram proposições apresentadas, especialmente, por Mazzilli (2011), Síveres (2011, 2013) e Dias e Ketzer (2007) e identificadas no documento “Plano nacional de graduação: um projeto em construção” (FORGRAD, 2004). De acordo com o levantamento, o princípio da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão não está estabelecido, essa relação precisa ser construída como uma política institucional, e a atividade de extensão ainda é percebida como atividade periférica no fazer do professor universitário.
Comparative Utilization of Reverse and Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Analysis of a High-volume Center
Authors: Chalmers Peter N. , Salazar Dane H. , Romeo Anthony A. , Keener Jay D. , Yamaguchi Ken , Chamberlain Aaron M.
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to determine how reverse and total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA and TSA) comparative utilization, postoperative diagnoses, demographics, and perioperative data have changed between 2005 and 2015.

Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective review of all primary TSAs and RTSAs.

Results:

Our cohort included 1,192 RTSAs and 1,600 TSAs. Although both RTSA and TSA volume increased, RTSA increased from 27% to 52% of shoulder arthroplasty. The number of RTSAs performed for osteoarthritis and irreparable rotator cuff tears increased, and the proportion of RTSAs performed for rotator cuff tear arthropathy decreased. The mean age decreased for RTSA and TSA, and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores increased for both.

Discussion:

Over the past decade, RTSA has become the most common primary shoulder arthroplasty, reflecting the clinical success of the procedure. This increase is due to both an increase in the number of RTSAs performed for rotator cuff tear arthropathy as well as expanding surgical indications for RTSA.

Level of Evidence:

Retrospective, level IV
Chronic Achilles Ruptures: Reconstructive Options
Authors: Schweitzer Karl M. , Dekker Travis J. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: August 2018

Achilles tendon ruptures, if neglected or identified late, lead to impairments in function and gait. Surgical reconstruction is typically required to restore the resting length and tension to the gastrocnemius-soleus complex. A variety of reconstructive options have been described, depending on several factors, including chronicity, residual gap size, remaining tissue quality and vascularity, location of tendon rupture or deficiency, and patient-specific factors. Despite the many surgical options described from local soft-tissue rearrangements and tendon transfers, to the use of allograft tissue and synthetic material augmentation, there is understandably a paucity of evidence-based guidelines available to direct surgeons in the optimal procedure for each patient-specific situation. Reconstructive options for the patient with a chronic Achilles rupture are detailed and reviewed here, to serve as a framework for the treating surgeon in these complex cases.
Treatment of upper urinary tract stones with flexible ureteroscopy in children
Authors: Xiao Jing , Wang Xiangyu , Li Jun , Wang Miaomiao , Han Tiandong , Zhang Caixiang , Du Yuan , Hao Gangyue , Tian Ye
Published: August 2018

Introduction: This single-centre, retrospective study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in treating children with upper urinary tract stones.

Methods: From June 2014 to October 2015, a total of 100 children (74 boys and 26 girls) with upper urinary tract stones were treated using FURS. A 4.7 Fr double-J stent was placed two weeks before operation. Patients were considered stone-free when the absence of residual fragments was observed on imaging studies. The preoperative, operative, and postoperative data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: A total of 100 pediatric patients with a mean age of 3.51±1.82 years underwent 131 FURS and holmium laser lithotripsy. Mean stone diameter was 1.49±0.92 cm. Average operation time was 30.8 minutes (range 15–60). The laser power was controlled between 18 and 32 W, and the energy maintained between 0.6 and 0.8 J at any time; laser frequency was controlled between 30 and 40 Hz. Complications were observed in 69 (69.0 %) patients and classified according to the Clavien system. Postoperative hematuria (Clavien I) occurred in 64 (64.0 %) patients. Postoperative urinary tract infection with fever (Clavien II) was observed in 8/113 (7.1%) patients. No ureteral perforation and mucosa avulsion occurred. The overall stone-free rate of single operation was 89/100 (89%). Stone diameter and staghorn calculi were significantly associated with stone-free rate.

Conclusions: FURS and holmium laser lithotripsy is effective and safe in treating children with upper urinary tract stones.
A cross-sectional study of sexual function and fertility status in adults with congenital genitourinary abnormalities in a U.S. tertiary care centre
Authors: McCloskey Hannah , Kaviani Aaron , Pande Rashmi , Boone Timothy , Khavari Rose
Published: August 2018

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate sexual function, sexual knowledge, and fertility status in adult patients with congenital genitourinary abnormalities (CGUA).

Methods: Adult patients with CGUA who were referred to a single transitional urology clinic between 2014 and 2017 were prospectively recruited to participate in the study. Questionnaires about general demographics, bowel and bladder continence, fertility, and sexuality were gathered. Validated questionnaires, including the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) and Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women (BISF-W), were also collected.

Results: A total of 167 adults with CGUA were referred to our clinic within the defined time frame. Sixty patients (25 males, 35 females) with a mean age of 25.4 years (range 18–75) met inclusion criteria and responded to questionnaires pertaining to sexuality and fertility. Forty-five (75%) responded to the fertility questionnaire; 26 (58%) had never heard of assisted reproductive technologies, and only one had received prior fertility counselling. Fifty-eight participants (97%) responded to the sexuality questionnaire; 21 (36%) reported a history of sexual activity, with 12 (21%) being currently sexually active. Twenty (34%) wanted to learn more about sexuality and/or fertility. The SHIM response rate was 44%, and only three females (9%) completed the BISF-W in its entirety.

Conclusions: Adults with CGUA desire more sexuality and fertility education, yet they are uncomfortable completing current questionnaires. Our sexuality and fertility questionnaires are too challenging for this patient population to complete despite assistance. Thus, modifications are urgently needed. Additionally, medical providers should discuss sexual and reproductive health with these patients earlier and in more detail.
Understanding and Preventing Youth Cyberbullying in China: Causes, Effects, and Prevention
Authors: Xue Yiyi
Published: August 2018

Although bullying is hardly a new phenomena, the development of digital technology has granted bullies easy access to social media and other platforms that have perhaps made victims of bullying more susceptible than ever before. An analysis of existing scholarship and original statistical research was conducted to understand the frequency and severity of online harassment among teenagers in China. This paper examines the phenomenon of cyberbullying, the current social experience of Chinese teenagers, and potential ways to both assist teenage victims of cyberbullying and prevent online harassment in the future.
Determinants of Health Coverage Awareness for Poor Beneficiaries of the Thai Universal Health Coverage Scheme
Authors: NaRanong Anchana
Published: August 2018

The Thai universal health coverage scheme (UHCS), or “30 Baht Scheme”, has played an important role in increasing the accessibility of health care services for low income earners. The objective of this paper is to study poor beneficiaries’ awareness of the UHCS. Quantitative research methods were employed. Data were collected, and multiple regression performed, to explore the determinants of health coverage awareness. The regression shows that age, education level, and number of years as card holder are significant determinants of health coverage awareness. Those with a higher age or level of education scored higher than those who were younger or with a low level of education or no education. Those who held UHCS cards for long periods of time possessed higher health coverage awareness than those who had recently received their membership cards. Greater exposure to news and information, therefore, is needed for those of a younger age and those who have less education, if awareness is to be increased. The same applies to those who have only held UHCS cards for a short period.
Restorative justice as empowerment: how to better serve the goals of punitive retribution
Authors: van Willigenburg Theo
Published: August 2018

Restorative justice as empowerment: how to better serve the goals of punitive retribution

Restorative justice practices are applied only to the margins of criminal justice systems. These systems generally punish the wrongdoer in order to give him his ‘just desert’. For restorative justice to be more attractive, we need to understand why punitive retribution is such a powerful motive. If the scales of justice are out of balance because of suffering inflicted (to the offended), why would the infliction of more suffering (to the offender) bring redemption? It is argued that much of the sting of being harmed by an offender derives from the identity implications of the act. Punitive retribution may satisfy short-lasting vindictive desires, but its main symbolic function is to restore the victim’s self-image and dignity by humiliating the perpetrator. This is done in a notoriously indirect and ineffective way, though. It is argued that restorative justice can do much better, if it is understood in terms of empowering the offended. This involves procedures that restore the victim’s autonomy, prestige and self-confidence. Apart from bringing the offended back into the driver’s seat of the process, restorative justice empowers the survivors of crime by helping them face offenders, face themselves and face their community. Restorative justice is not only much more rewarding than punitive retribution, it also provides better ways of communicating personal and public disapproval of crime.
The Power of Parables in Critical Thinking
Authors: Farmer Linda L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

Parables are not frequently found in critical thinking textbooks. And, yet, because parables are relatively simple, engaging stories, they can present various principles of good reasoning and attitudes of a critical thinker in a way that is fun and accessible to the students in our classrooms. Using two well-known parables, W. K. Clifford’s Ship Owner and John Wisdom’s Invisible Gardener (as retold by Antony Flew), I outline how parables like these can be used in the teaching of critical thinking, and what the benefits of doing so are. I also argue that the religious context in which the parables were set is not a detriment to their pedagogical value but, rather, can be an added benefit.
Community of Philosophical Inquiry and the Play of the World
Authors: Kennedy David ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2018

This paper seeks to identify the role of play in the design and function of Socratic dialogue as practiced in community of philosophical inquiry (CPI) in classrooms. It reviews the ideas of some major play theorists from various fields of study and practice—philosophy, cultural anthropology, evolutionary psychology, cognitive psychology, psychoanalysis, and education—and identifies the epistemological, ontological, and axiological judgments they share in their analyses of the phenomenon of play. It identifies five psychodynamic dimensions in which the Socratic play of “following the argument where it leads” can be identified: the “play space,” the “time of play,” “the rules of the game,” “the stakes in play,” and “play and power.” Finally, it suggest that there is a historical relationship between the reconstruction of Socratic dialogue in CPI and the cultural reconstruction of “child” in post-modern philosophy, with special attention to Gilles Deleuze’s and Felix Guattari’s notion of “becoming-child” as emblematic of an emergent “post-human” style of subjectivity.
Validation of a Muscle-Specific Tissue Image Analysis Tool for Quantitative Assessment of Dystrophin Staining in Frozen Muscle Biopsies
Authors: Aeffner Famke , Faelan Crystal , Moore Steven A. , Moody Alexander , Black Joshua C. , Charleston Jay S. , Frank Diane E. , Dworzak Johannes , Piper J. Kris , Ranjitkar Manish , Wilson Kristin , Kanaly Suzanne , Rudmann Daniel G , Lange Holger , Young G. David , Milici Anthony J.
Published: August 2018

Context.—

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare, progressive, and fatal neuromuscular disease caused by dystrophin protein loss. Common investigational treatment approaches aim at increasing dystrophin expression in diseased muscle. Some clinical trials include assessments of novel dystrophin production as a surrogate biomarker of efficacy, which may predict a clinical benefit from treatment.

Objectives.—

To establish an immunofluorescent scanning and digital image analysis workflow that provides an objective approach for staining intensity assessment of the immunofluorescence dystrophin labeling and determination of the percentage of biomarker-positive fibers in muscle cryosections.

Design.—

Optimal and repeatable digital image capture was achieved by a rigorously qualified fluorescent scanning process. After scanning qualification, the MuscleMap (Flagship Biosciences, Westminster, Colorado) algorithm was validated by comparing high-power microscopic field total and dystrophin-positive fiber counts obtained by trained pathologists to data derived by MuscleMap. Next, the algorithm was tested on whole-slide images of immunofluorescent-labeled muscle sections from Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and control patients.

Results.—

When used under the guidance of a trained pathologist, the digital image analysis tool met predefined validation criteria and demonstrated functional and statistical equivalence with manual assessment. This work is the first, to our knowledge, to qualify and validate immunofluorescent scanning and digital tissue image-analysis workflow, respectively, with the rigor required to support the clinical trial environments.

Conclusions.—

MuscleMap enables analysis of all fibers within an entire muscle biopsy section and provides data on a fiber-by-fiber basis. This will allow future clinical trials to objectively investigate myofibers' dystrophin expression at a greater level of consistency and detail.
Estudo dos efeitos fisiológicos do ácido Ciclopentilideno-Bis (Tioglicólico) - ACPTG em Phaseolus Vulgaris L. cv Rico 23 em três concentrações
Authors: Brutti Marilene Dos Reis , Neves Luiz Augusto Salles das
Published: August 2018

In order to verify the mutation capacity of the chemical compound CPATG {Cyclopentilideno-Bis (Tioglicolic) Acid} synthetized by the Chemistry Departament of UFSM in Phaseolus vulgaris L. the germination (%), hypocotyl lenght (cm) , and epycotyl lenght (cm) were analized on the M1 generation, 168 hours after sowing in Petri dishes with CPATG concentration of 1%, 2%, and 3%.The concentration of 3% was more genotoxic considering germination, hypocotyl and epycotyl lenghts were more affected by the 1% concentration. Seedling height decreased with increasing CPT AG concentration.
The Roof Method
Authors: Shen Zhuping
Published: August 2018

See several examples of ways to use the Roof Method to find set intersections, unions, and complements on intervals.
Making Imaginary Roots Real
Authors: Murray Natasha T. K.
Published: August 2018

Students in an entry-level algebra class attempt to make sense of the relationship between imaginary zeros and their nonimaginary counterparts.
Number Talks: Gateway to Sense Making
Authors: Sun Kathy L. , Baldinger Erin E. , Humphreys Cathy
Published: August 2018

Support your high school students in the challenging transition from memorization to understanding.
Promoting a Conceptual Understanding of Mathematics
Authors: Smith Margaret , Bill Victoria , Raith Mary Lynn
Published: August 2018

This article provides an overview of the eight effective mathematics teaching practices first described in NCTM's Principles to Actions: Ensuring Mathematical Success for All.
Probability and Commutativity: A Possible Misconception
Authors: Winters J. Jeremy , Kimmins Dovie L.
Published: August 2018

Ann stated, “If you roll two dice (number cubes) and the numbers are 1 and 2, saying that 1 and 2 and 2 and 1 are different things, that is not true. It is like saying 8 + 9 and 9 + 8 have different outcomes.”
The Beautiful Tree Project: Exploring Measurement in Nature
Authors: McLennan Deanna Pecaski
Published: August 2018

The outdoors offers children a rich space for learning and inspires authentic mathematical opportunities.
Coaching through Focusing on Student Thinking
Authors: Gibbons Lynsey K. , Knapp Melinda C. , Lind Teresa
Published: August 2018

Why is it so crucial that coaches and teachers concentrate their interactions on students' mathematical reasoning?