bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Problem of Restoring and Classifying a 3D Object in Creating a Simulator of a Realistic Urban Environment
Authors: Gorodnichev Mikhail , Erokhin Sergey , Polyantseva Ksenia , Moseva Marina
Published: July 2022

Since the 20th century, a rapid process of motorization has begun. The main goal of researchers, engineers and technology companies is to increase the safety and optimality of the movement of vehicles, as well as to reduce the environmental damage caused by the automotive industry. The difficulty of managing traffic flows is that cars are driven by a person and their behavior, even in similar situations, is different and difficult to predict. To solve this problem, ground-based unmanned vehicles are increasingly being developed and implemented; however, like any other intelligent system, it is necessary to train different road scenarios. Currently, an engineer is driving an unmanned vehicle for training and thousands of kilometers are being driven for training. Of course, this approach to training unmanned vehicles is very long, and it is impossible to reproduce all the scenarios that can be found in real operations on a real road. Based on this, we offer a simulator of a realistic urban environment which allows you to reduce the training time and allows you to generate all kinds of events. To implement such a simulator, it is necessary to develop a method that would allow recreating a realistic world in one passage with cameras (monocular) installed on board the vehicle. Based on this, the purpose of this work is to develop an intelligent vehicle recognition system using convolutional neural networks, which allows you to create mesh objects for further placement in the simulator. It is important to note that the resulting objects should be optimal in size so as not to overload the system, since a large number of road infrastructure objects are stored there. Also, neural complexity should not be excessive. In this paper, the general concept and classification of convolutional neural networks are given, which allow solving the problem of recognizing 3D objects in images. Based on the analysis, the existing neural network architectures do not solve the problems mentioned above. In this connection, the authors first of all carried out the design of the system according to the methodology of modeling business processes, and also modified and developed the architecture of the neural network, which allows classifying objects with sufficient accuracy, obtaining optimized mesh objects and reducing computational complexity. The methods proposed in this paper are used in a simulator of a realistic urban environment, which reduces the time and computational costs when training unmanned transport systems.
Leaving No One Behind: A Photovoice Case Study on Vulnerability and Wellbeing of Children Heading Households in Two Informal Settlements in Nairobi
Authors: Karuga Robinson , Steege Rosie , Njoroge Inviolata , Liani Millicent , Wiltgen Georgi Neele , Otiso Lilian , Muturi Nelly , Okoth Linet Atieno , Theobald Sally , Tolhurst Rachel
Published: July 2022

Children heading households (CHH) in urban informal settlements face specific vulnerabilities shaped by limitations on their opportunities and capabilities within the context of urban inequities, which affect their wellbeing. We implemented photovoice research with CHHs to explore the intersections between their vulnerabilities and the social and environmental context of Nairobi’s informal settlements. We enrolled and trained four CHHs living in two urban informal settlements—Korogocho and Viwandani—to utilise smartphones to take photos that reflected their experiences of marginalisation and what can be done to address their vulnerabilities. Further, we conducted in-depth interviews with eight more CHHs. We applied White’s wellbeing framework to analyse data. We observed intersections between the different dimensions of wellbeing, which caused the CHHs tremendous stress that affected their mental health, social interactions, school performance and attendance. Key experiences of marginalisation were lack of adequate food and nutrition, hazardous living conditions and stigma from peers due to the limited livelihood opportunities available to them. Despite the hardships, we documented resilience among CHH. Policy action is required to take action to intervene in the generational transfer of poverty, both to improve the life chances of CHHs who have inherited their parents’ marginalisation, and to prevent further transfer of vulnerabilities to their children. This calls for investing in CHHs’ capacity for sustaining livelihoods to support their current and future independence and wellbeing.
SCORN: Sinter Composition Optimization with Regressive Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Li Junhui , Guo Liangdong , Zhang Youshan
Published: July 2022

Sinter composition optimization is an important process of iron and steel companies. To increase companies’ profits, they often rely on innovative technology or the workers’ operating experience to improve final productions. However, the former is costly because of patents, and the latter is error-prone. In addition, traditional linear programming optimization methods of sinter compositions are inefficient in the face of large-scale problems and complex nonlinear problems. In this paper, we are the first to propose a regressive convolutional neural network (RCNN) approach for the sinter composition optimization (SCORN). Our SCORN is a single input and multiple outputs regression model. Sinter plant production is used as the input of the SCORN model, and the outputs are the optimized sintering compositions. The SCORN model can predict the optimal sintering compositions to reduce the input of raw materials consumption to save costs and increase profits. By constructing a new neural network structure, the RCNN model is trained to increase its feature extraction capability for sintering production. The SCORN model has a better performance compared with several regressive approaches. The practical application of this predictive model can not only formulate corresponding production plans without feeding materials but also give better input parameters of sintered raw materials during the sintering process.
Effective Realization of Multi-Objective Elitist Teaching–Learning Based Optimization Technique for the Micro-Siting of Wind Turbines
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Nabeel , Shaukat Nadeem , Ahmad Ammar , Abid Muhammad , Hashmi Abrar , Rajabi Zohreh , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
Published: July 2022

In this paper, the meta-heuristic multi-objective elitist teaching–learning based optimization technique is implemented for wind farm layout discrete optimization problem. The optimization of wind farm layout addresses the optimum siting among the wind turbines within the wind farm to accomplish economical, profitable, and technical features. The presented methodology is implemented with multi-objective optimization problem through different targets such as minimizing cost, power output maximization, and the saving of the number of turbines. These targets are investigated with some case studies of multi-objective optimization problems in three scenarios of wind (Scenario-I: fixed wind direction and constant speed, Scenario-II: variable wind direction and constant speed, and Scenario-III: variable wind direction and variable speed) for the optimal micro-siting of wind turbines in a given land area that maximizes the power production while minimizing the total cost. To check the effectiveness of the algorithm, firstly, the results obtained for the three different scenarios have been compared with past studies available in the literature. Secondly, the numbers of turbines have also been optimized by using teaching–learning based optimization. It has been observed that the proposed algorithm shows the optimal layouts along with the optimal number of turbines with minimum fitness evaluation. Finally, the concept of elitism has been introduced in the teaching–learning based optimization algorithm. It is proposed that if elitist-teaching–learning based optimization with elite size of 15% is used, computational expense can be significantly reduced. It can be concluded that that the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are more accurate and advantageous than others.
Landscape Pattern Evolution in a Mining City: An Urban Life Cycle Perspective
Authors: Shang Yuhang , Ye Xin , Dong Lun , Liu Shiming , Du Tiantian , Wang Guan
Published: July 2022

Quantitative studies on how mining activities shape the evolution of regional landscape patterns can contribute to the scientific understanding of how mining cities develop. Based on the theories of life cycle and landscape ecology, this paper takes Jixi, a typical Chinese mining city, as a case study to analyze the landscape pattern features at different mining city development stages. First, we constructed a mining city development cycle index system. Second, the optimal granularity for landscape pattern analysis was determined. Finally, landscape evolution was analyzed at the type and landscape levels based on the mining city development cycle. The main conclusions are: (1) Jixi has gone through four stages since 1990: lead-in (1990–1998), development (1998–2009), maturity (2009–2016), and transition (2016–2020); (2) the optimal grain size for landscape pattern analysis is 90 m; (3) through the various development stages, the landscape fragmentation degree, complexity, and diversity show a tendency to rise first and then fall. Thus, mining cities should carry out sustainable development planning from the perspective of industrial transformation in the early stages, and policy orientation in the development process should have different emphases according to each stage.
Climate Change and Food Security Prioritizing Indices: Applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Social Network Analysis (SNA)
Authors: Allipour Birgani Ramesh , Takian Amirhossein , Djazayery Abolghasem , Kianirad Ali , Pouraram Hamed
Published: July 2022

Food security and climate change are multidimensional issues. Therefore, a lack of knowledge about the most essential variables made these concepts more complex for decision-making and highlighted the need for credible decision support methods. Here, we aim to develop an accurate tool by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to explore the priority indicator of food security under climate change in Iran and social network analysis (SNA) to support decisions. The following steps were conducted for the AHP approach: a literature review, a Likert questionnaire and experts’ interviews for variable selection and the variables’ weight determination and prioritization by pairwise comparison questionnaire, designed based on the hierarchy matrix of the criteria and sub-criteria of food security and climate change. The SNA was employed to understand the robustness of the informants’ points of view for indicator selection. After the analysis, 61 criteria were extracted. Sustainability was the important criterion, weighted 0.248. The most important sub-criteria (indicators): groundwater sources, household income, underweight adolescent ratio, food wastage and an annual average of precipitation, weighted 0.095, 0.091, 0.125, 0.227 and 0.236, respectively. The SNA showed that professionals with academic origins focused on the sustainability component. The AHP tool is a credible technique to distinguish the most important criteria. The results might be employed to estimate or predict food security under climate change and simplify decision making in Iran.
Exploring Biodiversity and Disturbances in the of Peri-Urban Forests of Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Petaloudi Lydia-Maria , Ganatsas Petros , Tsakaldimi Marianthi
Published: July 2022

Forests host important plant biodiversity. Nevertheless, due to climate change and human disturbances, the floristic quality of forest ecosystems is degraded. Greek peri-urban forests biodiversity is threatened by anthropogenic activities such as forest fragmentation, pollution, garbage, etc. Measurement of biodiversity status and the floristic quality assessment can be used to estimate the degree of forest degradation caused by anthropogenic disturbances. In this study, we compared and evaluated six forest ecosystem types in the peri-urban forests of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, by using Shannon’s biodiversity index as well as and α and β diversity Sørensen indices. Furthermore, we recorded the prevailing anthropogenic disturbances and compared the plant families and the ruderal species appearing in each forest ecosystem. Finally, the average conservatism value (C value) of the plant species found in each ecosystem was determined in order to calculate the ecosystem floristic quality index. Analysis of the results showed that the floristic and ecological parameters tested greatly vary among ecosystems. Broadleaf forests of higher altitude hosted the greatest biodiversity, and the higher floristic quality index and plant conservation value. On the contrary, most disturbances and most ruderal species were recorded in ecosystems of lower altitude, adjacent to the city (Pinus brutia forest and Maqui vegetation), the least disturbed ecosystems were found in the steep slopes (Castanea sativa forest). Most ruderal species found belonged to the Asteraceae and Rosaceae families. Accessibility and attractiveness of stands were positively correlated with disturbances. Insufficient management, lack of protection measures, and littering removal contribute to the increase in the level of disturbance.
An Energy Storage Assessment: Using Frequency Modulation Approach to Capture Optimal Coordination
Authors: Chen Wan , Liu Baolian , Nazir Muhammad Shahzad , Abdalla Ahmed N. , Mohamed Mohamed A. , Ding Zujun , Bhutta Muhammad Shoaib , Gul Mehr
Published: July 2022

To reduce the allocation of energy storage capacity in wind farms and improve economic benefits, this study is focused on the virtual synchronous generator (synchronverter) technology. A system accompanied by wind power, energy storage, a synchronous generator and load is presented in detail. A brief description of the virtual synchronous generator control strategy is given. The capacity allocation is based on different optimization goals and the optimal energy storage capacity configuration of the coordinated frequency modulation (FM) control strategy. The detail of the dual-loop control strategy is carried out by establishing the grid-connected transfer function model of the synchronverter energy storage and a theoretical model of life cycle cost is established. The optimal control strategy of coordinated FM for wind storage is implemented using MATLAB software. The simulation showed that the proposed strategy provided the energy storage capacity at high wind speed, which is configured to be 5.9% of the installed capacity of the wind turbine, marking a reduction of 26% compared with the 8% capacity required for independent support. In addition, the proposed method has improved the energy storage capacity configuration of the coordinated FM control strategy.
On a Fractional Parabolic Equation with Regularized Hyper-Bessel Operator and Exponential Nonlinearities
Authors: Baleanu Dumitru , Binh Ho Duy , Nguyen Anh Tuan
Published: July 2022

Recent decades have witnessed the emergence of interesting models of fractional partial differential equations. In the current work, a class of parabolic equations with regularized Hyper-Bessel derivative and the exponential source is investigated. More specifically, we examine the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions in Hilbert scale-spaces which are constructed by a uniformly elliptic symmetry operator on a smooth bounded domain. Our main argument is based on the Banach principle argument. In order to achieve the necessary and sufficient requirements of this argument, we have smoothly combined the application of the Fourier series supportively represented by Mittag-Leffler functions, with Hilbert spaces and Sobolev embeddings. Because of the presence of the fractional operator, we face many challenges in handling proper integrals which appear in the representation of mild solutions. Besides, the source term of an exponential type also causes trouble for us when deriving the desired results. Therefore, powerful embeddings are used to limit the growth of nonlinearity.
Neurocognitive Mechanisms Underlying Internet/Smartphone Addiction: A Preliminary fMRI Study
Authors: Han Suk Won , Kim Cheol Hwan
Published: July 2022

The present study investigated the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying smartphone/internet addiction. We tested a specific hypothesis that the excessive, uncontrolled use of smartphones should be related to the ability of controlling attention in a purely endogenous and self-regulatory manner. In an fMRI experiment, in which 43 adults participated, we had participants detect and identify specified target stimuli among non-targets. In some trials, 10 s oddball movies were presented as distractors. While the participants try to filter out the distractors and focus their attention on the main task, the activation profiles of the frontoparietal brain regions were examined. The results showed that the people with a higher risk of being addicted to smartphone use failed to filter out distractors via the endogenous control of attention. The neuroimaging data showed that the high-risk group showed significantly lower levels of activation in the frontopolar cortex (FPC). We conclude that people at a high risk of smartphone addiction have difficulty endogenously shifting their attention from distracting stimuli toward goal-directed behavior, and FPC plays a critical role in this self-regulatory control of attention.
Cellular Stress and Senescence Induction during Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Guimarães-Pinto Kamila , Ferreira Jesuíno R. M. , da Costa André L. A. , Morrot Alexandre , Freire-de-Lima Leonardo , Decote-Ricardo Debora , Freire-de-Lima Celio Geraldo , Filardy Alessandra A.
Published: July 2022

Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection that, despite being discovered over a century ago, remains a public health problem, mainly in developing countries. Since T. cruzi can infect a wide range of mammalian host cells, parasite–host interactions may be critical to infection outcome. The intense immune stimulation that helps the control of the parasite’s replication and dissemination may also be linked with the pathogenesis and symptomatology worsening. Here, we discuss the findings that support the notion that excessive immune system stimulation driven by parasite persistence might elicit a progressive loss and collapse of immune functions. In this context, cellular stress and inflammatory responses elicited by T. cruzi induce fibroblast and other immune cell senescence phenotypes that may compromise the host’s capacity to control the magnitude of T. cruzi-induced inflammation, contributing to parasite persistence and CD progression. A better understanding of the steps involved in the induction of this chronic inflammatory status, which disables host defense capacity, providing an extra advantage to the parasite and predisposing infected hosts prematurely to immunosenescence, may provide insights to designing and developing novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and treat Chagas disease.
Commentary on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kabakama Severin , Konje Eveline T. , Dinga Jerome Nyhalah , Kishamawe Colman , Morhason-Bello Imran , Hayombe Peter , Adeyemi Olufela , Chimuka Ernest , Lumu Ivan , Amuasi John , Acheampong Theophilus , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: July 2022

Rates of vaccination against COVID-19 remain lower in sub-Saharan Africa than in other low and middle-income regions. This is, in part, attributed to vaccine hesitancy, mainly due to misinformation about vaccine origin, efficacy and safety. From August to December 2021, we gathered the latest experiences and opinions on four vaccine hesitancy-related areas (policies, perceived risk religious beliefs, and misinformation) from 12 sub-Saharan African researchers, four of whom have published about COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The authors included two political and business experts, six public health specialists, five epidemiologists, and four biostatisticians from ten sub-Saharan African countries( Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe). The authors’ overarching opinions were that political influences, religious beliefs and low perceived risk exists in sub-Saharan Africa, and they collectively contribute to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Communication strategies should target populations initially thought by policy makers to be at low risk, use multiple communication avenues and address major concerns in the population.
False Positivity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Patients with Acute Tropical Diseases in Thailand
Authors: Luvira Viravarn , Leaungwutiwong Pornsawan , Thippornchai Narin , Thawornkuno Charin , Chatchen Supawat , Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Muangnoicharoen Sant , Piyaphanee Watcharapong , Chantratita Narisara
Published: July 2022

Serology remains a useful indirect method of diagnosing tropical diseases, especially in dengue infection. However, the current literature regarding cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and dengue serology is limited and revealed conflicting results. As a means to uncover relevant serological insight involving antibody classes against SARS-CoV-2 and cross-reactivity, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM, and IgG ELISA, based on spike and nucleocapsid proteins, were selected for a fever-presenting tropical disease patient investigation. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Tropical Medicine during March to December 2021. The study data source comprised (i) 170 non-COVID-19 sera from 140 adults and children presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness and 30 healthy volunteers, and (ii) 31 COVID-19 sera from 17 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients. Among 170 non-COVID-19 samples, 27 were false positives (15.9%), of which IgA, IgM, and IgG cross-reactive antibody classes were detected in 18 (10.6%), 9 (5.3%), and 3 (1.8%) cases, respectively. Interestingly, one case exhibited both IgA and IgM false positivity, while two cases exhibited both IgA and IgG false positivity. The false positivity rate in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgM was reported in adults with dengue infection (11.3% and 5%) and adults with other tropical diseases (16.7% and 13.3%). The urea dissociation method applied to mitigate false positivity resulted in significantly decreased ELISA-based false and true positives. In conclusion, the analysis of antibody against SARS-CoV-2 in sera of patients with different tropical diseases showed that high IgA and IgM false positivity thus potentially limits serological assay utility in fever-presenting patients in tropical areas.
Using Neutrino Oscillations to Measure H0?
Authors: Anchordoqui Luis A.
Published: July 2022

Recently, the idea of using neutrino oscillations to measure the Hubble constant was introduced. We show that such a task is unfeasible because for typical energies of cosmic neutrinos, oscillations average out over cosmological distances and so the oscillation probability depends only on the mixing angles.
The Transmission Route and Selection Pressure in HCV Subtype 3a and 3b Chinese Infections: Evolutionary Kinetics and Selective Force Analysis
Authors: Xu Ru , Rong Xia , Aranday-Cortes Elihu , Vattipally Sreenu , Hughes Joseph , McLauchlan John , Fu Yongshui
Published: July 2022

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 (GT-3) represents 22–30% of all infections and is the second most common genotype among all HCV genotypes. It has two main subtypes, GT-3a and GT-3b, that present epidemiological differences in transmission groups. This report generated 56 GT-3a and 64 GT-3b whole-genome sequences to conduct an evolutionary kinetics and selective force analysis with reference sequences from various countries. Evolutionary analysis showed that HCV GT-3a worldwide might have been transmitted from the Indian subcontinent to South Asia, Europe, North America and then become endemic in China. In China, GT-3a may have been transmitted by intravenous drug users (IDUs) and become endemic in the general population, while GT-3b may have originated from IDUs and then underwent mutual transmission between blood donors (BDs) and IDUs, ultimately becoming independently endemic in IDUs. Furthermore, the spread of GT-3a and GT-3b sequences from BD and IDU populations exhibit different selective pressures: the proportion of positively selected sites (PPSs) in E1 and E2 from IDUs was higher than in BDs. The number of positive selection sites was higher in GT-3b and IDUs. These results indicate that different selective constraints act along with the GT-3a and GT-3b genomes from IDUs and BDs. In addition, GT-3a and GT-3b have different transmission routes in China, which allows us to formulate specific HCV prevention and control strategies in China.
Monitoring Urban Zoonotic Virus Activity: Are City Rats a Promising Surveillance Tool for Emerging Viruses?
Authors: Camp Jeremy V. , Desvars-Larrive Amélie , Nowotny Norbert , Walzer Chris
Published: July 2022

Urban environments represent unique ecosystems where dense human populations may come into contact with wildlife species, some of which are established or potential reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause human diseases. Finding practical ways to monitor the presence and/or abundance of zoonotic pathogens is important to estimate the risk of spillover to humans in cities. As brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) are ubiquitous in urban habitats, and are hosts of several zoonotic viruses, we conducted longitudinal sampling of brown rats in Vienna, Austria, a large population center in Central Europe. We investigated rat tissues for the presence of several zoonotic viruses, including flaviviruses, hantaviruses, coronaviruses, poxviruses, hepatitis E virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and influenza A virus. Although we found no evidence of active infections (all were negative for viral nucleic acids) among 96 rats captured between 2016 and 2018, our study supports the findings of others, suggesting that monitoring urban rats may be an efficient way to estimate the activity of zoonotic viruses in urban environments.
Study on the Sugar-Producing Effect of High-Temperature Anaerobic Straw Biosaccharification Strain
Authors: Xu Chengjiao , Ding Mengqi , Cui Chenhao , Zhao Peichao , Yang Shanshan , Ding Jie , Ren Nanqi
Published: July 2022

The utilization of straw waste cellulose will be beneficial by economic, social, and environmental means. The present study sought to screen the high-efficiency cellulose sugar-producing strain from corn straw. The 16S high-throughput sequencing method and the combination of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the strain confirmed the strain to be Clostridium thermocellum, which was named Clostridium thermocellum FC811. Moreover, the single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of environmental factors on saccharification efficiency. The optimal saccharification conditions of cellulose saccharification of FC811 strain selected through response surface analysis were as follows: temperature of 58.9 °C, pH of 7.21, culture time of 6.60 d, substrate concentration of 5.01 g/L, and yeast powder concentration of 2.15 g/L. The soluble sugar yield was 3.11 g/L, and the conversion rate of reducing sugar was 62.2%. This study will provide a reference for resource and energy utilization of straw materials, simultaneous fermentation of sugar and hydrogen production, and their large-scale production and application.
Modeling the 2D Inundation Simulation Based on the ANN-Derived Model with Real-Time Measurements at Roadside IoT Sensors
Authors: Wu Shiang-Jen , Hsu Chih-Tsu , Shen Jhih-Cyuan , Chang Che-Hao
Published: July 2022

This study aims to develop a smart model for the two-dimensional (2D) inundation simulation based on the derived artificial neural network (ANN) model with real-time measurements at the roadside IoT (Internet of Things) sensors; in detail, the flooding zones and associated area can be quantified by combining the inundation-depth estimates at the ungauged locations (defined by the virtual IoT sensor, VIOT) via the corresponding inundation-estimation equations, established using the ANN-derived model with the measurements at the IoT sensors (named SM_EID_VIOT model). Moreover, the resulting inundation-depth estimates at the ungauged locations from the proposed SM_EID_VIOT model can be improved by means of the real-time error-correction approach for the 2D inundation simulation. To demonstrate the reliability of the results from the proposed SM_EID_VIOT model, 1000 simulations of the rainfall-induced flood events within the study area of the Miaoli City of Northern Taiwan are generated as the model-training and validation datasets. Consequently, the proposed SM_EID_VIOT could estimate the inundation depths with an acceptable accuracy at the ungauged locations in time and space based on a low root mean square error (RMSE) of under 0.01 m and a high coefficient of determination (R2) of over 0.8; and it also can delineate the flooding zone to quantify the corresponding area in high reliability in terms of the precision ratio of about 0.7.
Feature Papers of Water Resources Management, Policy and Governance
Authors: Loukas Athanasios , Garrote Luis
Published: July 2022

Water resource management aims to environmentally and economically satisfy the water demands of various water uses in a hydrological basin [...]
US investment giants Vanguard Group and BlackRock on the path to establishing a global oligopoly
Authors:   Department of International Relations and Diplomacy, Faculty of Economics, Management and International Relations, Moscow University for the Humanities, Filimonova Anna Igorevna
Published: July 2022

Vanguard, Blackrock, and State Street, the largest US investment funds, form the Big Three, often referred to as the "Three that own the US". These three financial corporations are intertwined and hold strategically significant stakes in industrial, energy, transport, pharmaceutical, food, information and technology companies, the vast majority of which are multinational corporations themselves. Through dominance in the system of corporate elections, the Big Three, or rather its main protagonist Blackrock, gets the opportunity to "manage the management" of other companies and corporations, and thereby dominate the financial, technological and other global markets, suppress the activities of competitors, establish and spread their value system and influence the economy and politics of the United States itself through the closest interaction with the US Federal Reserve System.
Sound emission in vocals
Authors:   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities, Sheremet Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: July 2022

All educating activities of a teacher of a higher educational institution in the field of vocals are primarily aimed at the formation of the student's professional competencies, the totality of which will contribute to the fulfillment of the creative potential of the individual, the development of high musical intelligence, spiritual culture, as well as artistic and singing skills and abilities. The article focuses on such an important pedagogical problem in the framework of education in the area of "Vocal Art" as sound emission.
Development of artistic music perception and the ability to convey the content of the performed musical work to the audience
Authors:   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities, Krinitskaya Svetlana Sergeevna , Zhukova Marina Vasilievna ,   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: July 2022

The modern system of professional higher education in the field of academic vocal has rich experience and time-tested traditions. The multi-level complex of vocal education includes not only the development of hearing, musical memory, singing skills, etc. One of the most important tasks for the teacher is the problem of developing the correct artistic perception of music and the ability to convey to the audience the content of the performed musical work, conceived by the author. A modern pedagogue should reveal the potential of future vocalists in the conditions of their professional training in higher educational institutions of our country. Educational standards require a more complete, optimal approach to the learning process, the achievement of unity in the perception and understanding of music, and the assessment of musical works by students.
Estimación de la tasa de deforestación en Pastaza y Orellana- Ecuador mediante el análisis multitemporal de imágenes satelitales durante el período 2000-2020
Authors: Quezada Anahi Stefania , Sevilla Tapia Jorge David , Avilés Sacoto Estefanía Caridad
Published: July 2022

El presente trabajo se concentra en el análisis multitemporal de imágenes satelitales para determinar el estado de deforestación en las provincias de Pastaza y Orellana de la región amazónica del Ecuador durante el periodo 2000-2020, debido a que estas provincias albergan la mayor área de bosque primario con una extensión de 5125000 ha; dicho análisis se lo realizó utilizando imágenes satelitales Landsat 7 y 8 mediante el preprocesamiento, procesamiento, clasificación de uso de suelo y cobertura vegetal y composición de mapas a través de los softwares ENVI y ArcMap. En base a los datos obtenidos del análisis multitemporal se aplicó la ecuación propuesta por la FAO para el cálculo de la tasa de deforestación en los periodos: 2000-2005, 2005-2010, 2010-2015 y 2015-2020, en donde los datos resultantes evidenciaron el cambio de la cobertura del suelo, debido al crecimiento de la frontera agrícola, pastizales, zonas descubiertas, el crecimiento urbano y la aparición de actividades mineras y petroleras que infieren directamente en la pérdida de cobertura forestal.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CONFORMAL COOLING CHANNELS OF COMPOSITE MOLDS
Authors: Lyubimyy N. , Pol'shin A. , Tihonov A. , Gerasimov M. , Lyamina S. , Golubeva N.
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the issue of evaluating the performance of a composite metal-metal-polymer mold. The use of a composite mold, including a forming plate consisting of a metal, and a metal polymer introduced with a low cooling efficiency of such a mold. For this reason, it is important to develop technological solutions that ensure the efficient operation of the cooling system. The article provides mathematical calculations of the required amount of heat flow when molding thermoplastics into a mold. Further, based on the calculated data, a study is made using finite elements of the thermal conductivity of the metal-polymer part. The design of the composite forming plate of the mold described in the article involves the manufacture of a cooling channel profile as close as possible to the forming part of the mold and located in the metal-polymer part. Based on the analysis of the temperature viscosity of the metal-polymer part of the mold, conclusions and recommendations are given for the design of a curved investment mold. It allows designers to calculate the optimal geometric parameters of the cooling system. The design and manufacture of conformal cooling stages in the metal-polymer part is likely to be preferable for cooling the forming part of the mold by bringing the cooling reversal surface closer to the surface of the forming mold, resulting in increased durability and productivity of the composite mold.
STATE AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF GRINDING TECHNIC AND TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Bogdanov V. , Anciferov S. , Bogdanov D. , Sychyov E.
Published: July 2022

The analysis of the state and direction of development of equipment and technology for grinding materials in the Russian and foreign cement industry is carried out. The equipment used for grinding with ball mills, vertical mills and press-roll grinders is considered. The effectiveness of the use of ball mills and their advantage over other grinding units used in large-capacity production is shown. One of the main directions for the development of the efficiency of the grinding process in ball drum mills has been determined. It consists in the development of intra-mill devices that are aimed at destroying stagnant zones in the feed, intensifying the work of grinding bodies and creating conditions within the mill classification of the crushed material. The design and principle of operation of a ball drum mill equipped with an inclined inter-chamber partition is described. It ensures the transverse-longitudinal movement of grinding bodies in the mill body. The advantages of using an inclined inter-chamber partition are given, which include a reduction in the weight of the mill load and the hydraulic resistance of partition, improved aspiration, reduced power consumption and provision of transverse-longitudinal movement.
Deux cartes de synthèse du Cameroun
Authors: Champaud Jacques
Published: July 2022

A partir des données utilisées pour la réalisation d’un atlas statistique du Cameroun, deux approches synthétiques sont proposées : une typologie des arrondissements croisant la scolarisation et le salariat ; une classification des villes au moyen d’un ensemble de variables socio-économiques.
Lota (Chili) : la ville qui survit au charbon
Authors: Guerrero Raul
Published: July 2022

Logique de classe et logique des villes : Lota, pôle charbonnier de 60 000 habitants (Chili), apparaît comme éclaté entre ville haute, «Company Town», espace de vie et de travail ; et ville basse, chargée du maintien de l’ordre, mais ouverte et vécue comme espace de liberté.
La France mesurée
Authors: Pelletier Monique
Published: July 2022

A la cartographie de cabinet se substitua à la fin du XVIIe et au XVIIIe siècle une cartographie de terrain dont la précision et la cohésion sont la conséquence de l’établissement d’un canevas géométrique couvrant tout le territoire français. La première carte de France, celle de Cassini, plus géométrique que topographique, est l’illustration, voire la caricature, des nouvelles méthodes.
Une expérience : chorèmes et modèles à l’école élémentaire
Authors: Clary Maryse , Dufau Guy , Durand Raoul , Ferras Robert
Published: July 2022

Les jeunes élèves, selon une expérience pédagogique en cours, utilisent facilement chorèmes et modèles graphiques. L’étude du paysage urbain et de la ville est particulièrement riche, et l’essentiel sur chacune d’elles peut s’exprimer sans grandes difficultés.
Le Lunellois : un modèle de «pays» en Bas-Languedoc
Authors: Ferras Robert
Published: July 2022

Le «centrage » du Lunellois sur Lunel met l’accent sur la richesse du contexte géographique, beaucoup plus varié que ne le laisserait supposer l’apparente uniformité d’ensemble de la basse plaine du Vidourle. Ce vieux «pays» qui a préservé son individualité correspond en fait à la zone d’influence d’une petite ville qui possède un certain poids commercial et bénéficie de la proximité du littoral méditerranéen.
1981, 1984, 1986, la dynamique électorale en France
Authors: Cheylan Jean-Paul
Published: July 2022

The «residuals» cartographie method is used to feature out the dynamics of French political trends when considering the two periods that separate three elections of different nature : the Presidency election of 1981 (first ballot), the European election of 1984 and the Legislative election of 1986. The dynamics of each trend is interpreted with respect to their usually known spatial distribution. One then sees that spatial reorganisation arise mainly between 1984 and 1986.
Carte sans image
Authors: Grelot Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2022

Mise sous forme numérique, la carte perd sa propriété essentielle de reflet de l’espace bidimensionnel. La lecture et l’analyse géographique s’en trouvent perturbées, alors que la micro-informatique met le dessin cartographique à portée de chacun. L’utilisateur doit exercer sa critique afin que les images qu’il crée deviennent des cartes signifiantes.
Chacun voit midi à sa porte...
Authors: Théry Hervé
Published: July 2022

Regarder la Terre sous des angles inhabituels pourrait nous aider à mieux comprendre le point de vue des autres. Des cartes dessinées en utilisant le logiciel Concepts Computerized Atlas montrent ce que l’on verrait depuis un satellite situé à la verticale de diverses villes du Monde et au-dessus de divers points du territoire français.
Les cartes en champs de forces (piézoplèthes)
Authors: Schneider Charles
Published: July 2022

Présentation de déformations cartographiques fondées sur l’analyse des structures. Propriétés et différences avec les méthodes antérieures.
Les structures génotypiques multilocus des populations d'huîtres plates en France
Authors: Blanc Françoise , Blanc Charles-Pierre
Published: July 2022

La estructura genética de las poblaciones de ostra plana Ostrea edulis se describe sobre la base de los genotipos multilocus. Asociado al tratamiento de datos de tipo multivariante, este nuevo procedimiento permite determinar los subconjuntos genéticos intrapoblacionales identificables en una muestra compuesta resultante de transferencias como en la laguna de Thau.
Le paysage anglais : du jardin à la campagne
Authors: Lehmann Gilly
Published: July 2022

Le rôle des jardins dans le paysage anglais tient tout autant à ce qui se passe dans les esprits qu’aux réalités concrètes. L’apogée dans la création des jardins et des parcs influant sur le paysage campagnard a lieu au 18e siècle. Les créateurs d’alors visent à construire un paysage idéal ; les périodes suivantes proposeront aussi les leurs.
Le paysage révélé : l’empreinte du passé dans le paysage contemporain
Authors: Chouquer Gérard
Published: July 2022

Il est possible à travers les images du paysage contemporain, de retrouver l’empreinte des aménagements réalisés aux époques antérieures. La recherche procède par l’étude des anomalies repérées dans le couvert végétal et le dessin du parcellaire rural, et par la détection de régularités significatives dans la morphologie et la métrique agraires.
L’anamorphose au secours de l’analyse sociologique : l’alcoolisme en France
Authors: Larané André
Published: July 2022

Voici une anamorphose des 95 départements français. Sous un aspect familier, elle offre un support pédagogique à l’analyse des ratios de type «nombre de x... pour 100 000 habitants ». Un exemple, celui de la répartition de l’alcoolisme en France.
Essai de synthèse d'une image géographique par combinaison de données satellitaires et d’un MNT
Authors: Schneider Charles
Published: July 2022

A classified satellite image superposition on a digital elevation model (DEM) allows to place the thematic informations on the relief, and to extract some thematic maps and 3D views of landscapes from this data set.
Le commentaire de cartes, la géographie et les concours
Authors: Reynaud Alain
Published: July 2022

In front of detractors of the topographic maps, it is important to repeat that it keeps all its interest, but to be also fully aware that it is only a kind of geographical document among many others. Present critics find that maps' commentary plays too great a part in the competitive examinations conducted by the State for admission to posts on teaching staff of high schools, especially in the agrégations, the most difficult ones, in which all other geographical documents are excluded. Paradoxically, maps' commentary weighs heavier since 1968, when kinds of geographical documents are more numerous at the same time. This contradiction explains probably actual controversies and certain excessive reactions on both sides.
La «France antarctique» et la cartographie prémonitoire d’André Thevet (1516-1592)
Authors: Lestringant Frank
Published: July 2022

Utopie fiction et manipulation : à la fois erreurs techniques et calcul stratégique composent, au XVIe siècle, des terres nouvelles dont Thevet n'a pas le monopole. A travers le «gouffre» de la rivière de Ganabara ou Janaire, un Brésil fantastique et un continent austral inventé.
Archéologie d'un paysage précolombien. Les Andes au nord de Quito (XVe -XVIe siècle)
Authors: Gondard Pierre
Published: July 2022

Inadequacy between some elements of contemporary landscape and present land use take us back to ancient planning and societies who developed it. Photointerpretation features typology and cartography of sites are the first necessary steps. The map is then the result of site and environment characteristics and of rare written sources. This enlarged view brings out a few new factors in the knowledge of the precolombian organization of the Andine space.
G.I.S. ou pas ?
Authors: Rimbert Sylvie
Published: July 2022

What can academic or local planning authorities expect from a G.I.S. (in French S.I.G.) ? A great deal as far as their formation is concerned : by visualizing, processing data, manipulating and questioning. It is a turnkey in the renewal of cartography.
Un système régional de télécommunications spatiales : Arabsat
Authors: Gau Gérard , Sourbès Isabelle
Published: July 2022

Competing for some part with the Intelsat system, the regional space telecommunications have developed only recently. The Arabsat system shows the complexity of political, cultural and economical relationships between Arab countries.
Les tendances d'évolution des pratiques de loisirs sportifs. Essai de construction d'un modèle d'analyse prospective
Authors: Pociello Christian
Published: July 2022

In an attempt to model recreational and sport evolution one needs to analyze a system dealing with variables in and out the field. The future of the sport practices are seen as evolving around three models labelled as «competitive», «adventurous» and «participative» on a background of diversified activities within social internal differences. Individual and environmental approaches are probably the two leading trends nevertheless strongly related to the economy and the media.
L'escalade en France : des équipements et à l'espace de pratique
Authors: Bourdeau Philippe
Published: July 2022

L'escalade, longtemps liée à l'alpinisme, s'individualise comme sport autonome. Les contraintes géographiques qui liaient sa pratique aux régions montagneuses s'atténuent progressivement par l'aménagement de sites naturels ou artificiels dans la plupart des régions françaises. La géographie de l'escalade obéit à de nouveaux critères, où le «naturel» tient une place de plus en plus secondaire.
La France des régions aux Jeux Olympiques de Séoul
Authors: Erraïs Borhane , Ben Larbi Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Les différentes régions françaises participent très inégalement à la «production» d'athlètes de haut niveau. Les plus «riches» d'entre elles concentrent l'essentiel des participants aux Jeux Olympiques. Leur capacité à susciter des équipements sportifs de pointe est sans doute l'explication majeure.
Le stade de football : une carte de la ville en réduction
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: July 2022

El análisis del público de los partidos de fútbol del Olímpico de Marsella pone de manifíesto la recomposición geográfica y social de la ciudad en las gradas del estadio. Dicha situation no es estatica ya que la dinámica social de cada espectador se traduce en una trayectoria particular por los diferentes espacios de las tribunas. Espectador de su proprio espectáculo, cada grupo de hinchas busca tambien su propia identificación a través de la diversidad de los papeles que desempeñan los jugadores.
Le Rugby à Treize, sport et marqueur culturel
Authors: Brun Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2022

La práctica del rugby a trece se circumscribe a los departamentos meridionales del espacio francés. El análisis del porcentaje de indfgenas permite distinguir los departamentos con implantación antigua, productores de jugadores, de los demás cuyos equipos proceden de la inmigración.
Berlin : antagonismes, complémentarités
Authors: Pailhé Joël
Published: July 2022

Le Grand Berlin coupé en deux défie les notions de centre et périphéries utilisées en géographie urbaine.