bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theory of spacetime impetus
Authors: Silverberg Larry M. , Eischen Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2022

This article introduces the theory of spacetime impetus (SI). The theory unites Newtonian theory (NT) and the theory of general relativity (GR). To develop SI, we reformulated NT in spacetime and replaced the particle primitive in NT with the fragment of energy primitive in field theory.
SI replaces Newton’s second law F = ma governing the motion of particles, where F, m, and a are, respectively, interaction force, mass, and acceleration, with the change equation P = k governing the motion of fragments of energy,
where P and k are, respectively, action force and the curvature of a path in spacetime. To verify SI, we conducted three tests: Test 1 predicted the precession angles of Mercury and Jupiter, test 2 predicted the bending angle of light as it grazes the surface of the sun, and
test 3 predicted the radius of the photon sphere. All three tests were in agreement with GR, the third corresponding to strong Riemannian curvature in GR. The equations of motion in SI are in terms of Cartesian coordinates and time and are relatively simple to solve. Undergraduate students
in science and engineering and others with similar mathematical skills can validate the results for themselves.
Emission, propagation, and reflection of light as mechanical phenomena in inertial frames
Authors: Filipescu Filip Dambi
Published: January 2022

The kinematics of balls with mass in the inertial frames is like that in the frame at absolute rest. Practical examples of balls with mass studied at the limit when their mass is zero indicate that the kinematics of massless balls is like that of balls with mass. Light as a wave or
particle is a massless entity. Therefore, it is natural to apply the kinematics behavior of the massless balls to light in its interactions with matter during the phenomena of emission and reflection. Thus, the kinematics of light depends on its kinetics of electromagnetic nature and by its
mechanical interactions of emission and reflection with the matter. Light behaves in the inertial frames like in the frame at absolute rest, and the speed of light is the constant  c  in the inertial frames in which
the source and mirror are at rest. The terrestrial experiments with light cannot prove the motion of Earth. This study explains the result of the experiment performed at CERN, Geneva, in 1964. Including the massless balls within Newtonian mechanics, the emission, propagation, and reflection
of light can be considered mechanical phenomena.
A new understanding of the origin of electric current
Authors: Fan Wei
Published: January 2022

Because charge, current, resistance, and voltage are understood based on the perspective of electricity, they can describe various electrical phenomena well, but they cannot explain their origins. Therefore, this article attempts to propose a new understanding of these phenomena from
the perspective of mechanics to obtain a feasible way of explaining their origin and to solve problems that cannot be explained from the perspective of electricity. Specifically, this paper attempts to explain the origin of electric charge to obtain a new understanding of the origin of current
and to obtain a new understanding of voltage and resistance by explaining the origin of current. Finally, from the perspective of mechanics, the origin of charge can be understood as a manifestation of electron momentum, the origin of current can be understood as a momentum flow, the origin
of resistance can be understood as a momentum resistance, and the origin of voltage can be understood as a potential pressure (potential difference) of electron orbital potential. This new understanding of the origin of current from a mechanical perspective can provide a new theoretical explanation
for high-temperature superconductivity.
Evaluating Risk Management Readiness of Organizations towards COVID-19: A Case of the Small-scale Boutique Hotels
Authors: Bassim M. H. M. , Ekanayake C. M. , Senevirathne S. Pulina L. W. , Udayakumar V. , Wickramaarachchi N. P. , Munasinghe R. M. , Dunuwila V. R.
Published: January 2022

COVID-19 is a pandemic that has disrupted the tourism industry worldwide. This study identifies the risk-response strategies of small-scale boutique hotels to analyse business readiness in the face of COVID-19. A similar study has not been previously conducted in the Sri Lankan context. The research was conducted on small-scale boutique hotels in Sri Lanka using the convenience sampling method whereby four boutique hotels were selected from the Southern province. The gathered data were analysed using thematic analysis and the key variables identified were the managers’ perception and resource availability. The study found that 1) the boutique hotels were mainly dependent on foreign customers and thus faced heavy losses and 2) the strategy for continuing their business operations was based on downsizing, pay cuts, and targeting local customers through promotional offers on social media. The findings also revealed that efforts to attract local tourism were not successful. The lack of a contingency plan in the case of disruption of foreign tourism was evident. Based on the analysis, the risk-response strategies used for recurring shocks (e.g. floods, fire, etc.) are inadequate to face a crisis that has a long and unpredictable impact in nature. It was further evident that the hotel owners did not understand how to evaluate the risks of their business apart from what they have been facing continuously over the years.
Level of Stresses and Coping Strategies in Management of Stress in Healthcare Undergraduates; Sri Lankan University Perspectives
Authors: Peiris T. S. A. , Hettihewa S. K. , Prasadi G. A. M. , Karunaratna A. C.
Published: January 2022

University is the best platform which provides opportunities for undergraduates to develop their successful career. However, it is noticed that university life has become stressful for undergraduates due to different reasons. Stress is known as a serious issue which affects the performance of undergraduates of healthcare system. Coping strategies are in demand for managing stress in the context of delivering prudent healthcare professionals to the nation. This study aimed to identify the types of stressors and coping strategies practiced by healthcare undergraduates of University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. The study was based on a cross sectional survey. Data were collected from 343 healthcare undergraduates from Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ruhuna, having used stratified random sampling method and a self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 16.0 software. The study revealed that majority of undergraduates (98.8%) were affected by stress. The level of stress reported regarding examinations was very high (52.7%) compare to the other stressors. Results showed that the commonly practiced coping strategies were sleeping (93.6%) and talking to a friend/ meeting loved ones (89.8%). Results suggested that facilities rendered by two faculties including student counselling services (79.9%), mentoring programme (75.8%) and career guidance services (69.4%) were used by considerable number of undergraduates as coping strategies. There were statistical significant differences among coping strategies with regard to gender, year of study, faculty and degree programme. Our findings suggested that the majority of healthcare undergraduates in University of Ruhuna were affected by stress. The present study revealed that most of students used positive stress management strategies while some students used maladaptive coping strategies. The results provided valuable information for academics in healthcare undergraduate programmes and university administrators in supporting students with stress.
Vehicle Registration and Traffic Violation Details Detection System by Capturing the Vehicle Number Plate in Sri Lanka
Authors: Conara T.A. K. , Gunasekara S. V. S. , Premadasa H. K. S.
Published: January 2022

In most parts of the world, traffic law violations have been identified as a significant cause of road fatalities, with the majority occurring in developing countries. It is impossible for a police officer to distinguish between the license numbers of vehicles that break the laws and the license numbers of speeding vehicles. The main objective of this study is quickly identify vehicles that have broken traffic rules and collect information about their owners. For vehicle identification, this device employs image detection and character recognition technologies. The extracted vehicle number can be compared with database to see whether this vehicle belongs to the right person or not, as well as vehicle details, driver reference, and traffic violation details etc. As a result, developing such a method as a solution to various traffic problems is critical.
Aerodynamic Optimization of the Sizing and Blade Designs of Hovering Corotating Coaxial Rotors
Authors: Chan Keen Ian
Published: January 2022

Corotating coaxial rotors are seeing renewed interest in distributed electric propulsion systems and electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The recent literature reports many interesting investigations, using prescribed rotor blades, into the flow phenomena as well
as aerodynamic and aeroacoustic benefits of corotating rotors. However, the subject of the design of blade geometries, optimized to a design goal, for corotating rotors is currently lacking in the literature. This paper is written from such a design perspective, by extending a previous generalized
approach to the aerodynamic optimization of counterrotating rotors to corotating rotors. The previous requirement for upper and lower counterrotating rotor torques to be equal can now be lifted in the case of corotating rotors, enabling improved versatility in the optimization of corotating
blade designs. The optimization is demonstrated on an application example to address the conflicting conditions that index angles (high) for aeroacoustic benefits of reduced noise are at odds with those (low) for aerodynamic efficiency. The approach demonstrated in this paper is to set the
index angle for reduced noise and then recover back the aerodynamic efficiency by using the newly developed aerodynamic optimization technique.
Ecophysiological Response and Morphological Adjustment of Argania spinosa L. Skeels under Contrasting Climates: Case Study of Marginal Populations
Authors: Ait Bihi Mohamed , Ain-Lhout Fatima , Hatimi Abdelhakim , Fahmi Fadma , Tahrouch Saida
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we investigated the seasonal physiological performance and morphological adjustment of Argania spinosa growing under contrasting climatic and biogeographic conditions.Two marginal populations were selected in the main distribution area of the species, one at the Northwest and the other one at the South-west. Trees from the North showed a Mediterranean pattern in Photosynthetic performances, exhibiting maximal carbon assimilation during spring and minimum in summer. In contrast, trees from the South showed a different pattern with maximum values recorded in winter and minimum in spring. Photochemical efficiency of PSII results evidenced the absence of damage to PSII in both sites, probably due to an efficient energy dissipation processed by carotenoid pigments. We recorded increased LMA values in the South, which improves drought resistance. Increasing stomatal length and decreasing stomatal density were registered during the drought season in both populations. A. Spinosa is sensitive to changes in the length of drought stress at its Southern limit. The scarcity of rainfall leading to persistent drought has limited the distribution of the species to the banks of dry Wadis and depressions, where it finds some water compensations during summer. In the North, the summer drought severely impacted the species carbon assimilation.
Assessment of level of knowledge understood and memorized of panoramic anatomical landmarks among dental students in Benghazi, Libya
Authors: Elsheikhi Fatma , Betamar Naeima , Bugaighis Iman
Published: January 2022

Background: Evaluation of skill competency and quality requirements of dental students plays an essential role in dental education. Aim: To investigate the level of knowledge of cranio-dentofacial anatomic structures observed on panoramic radiographs by 4th-year dental students and graduates in internship year at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 4th-year dental students and 92 interns attending the 2018/2019 academic year participated in this study to identify 24 landmarks on a traced panoramic radiograph. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square analyses were performed (P < 5%). Results: The overall correct answer rate for 24 anatomical landmarks was 26.2% (±0.23) among the 4th-year students and 29.68% (±0.24) among interns. Significant differences were observed only between hard tissues and soft tissues/air layer. For both groups, Head of the condyle was the most identified (79.5% for the 4th-year and 71.7% for interns), while the middle nasal concha was the least recognized structure (100% incorrect answer). Conclusions: Both 4th-year students and interns had a similar level of knowledge in identifying anatomical structures shown on panoramic radiography. The teaching program should focus on familiarizing dental students with the unidentified anatomical structures on panoramic radiographs.
Observational designs for real-world evidence studies
Authors: Taur Santosh Ramesh
Published: January 2022

In the era of evidence-based medicine, real-world evidence (RWE) studies have opened avenues to utilize real-world data (RWD) effectively for improving clinical decision-making. However, the transformation of RWD into a meaningful RWE can only be achieved when the researcher asks the right clinical question, selects the right RWD source for variables of interest, uses the right study design, and applies the right statistical analysis. The generated RWE needs to have internal as well as external validity to be actionable. The “fit-for-purpose” observational study designs include descriptive, case–control, cross-sectional, and cohort. This article focuses on the advantages and disadvantages including the inherent bias of each study design. The RWE study decision guide has also been provided to aid the selection of appropriate study designs.
Case Report: An Eyelid Nodule Caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis Diagnosed by Mitochondrial 12S rRNA Sequence
Authors: Tirakunwichcha Suppapong , Sansopha Lalana , Putaporntip Chaturong , Jongwutiwes Somchai
Published: January 2022

A 59-year-old female living in Rayong Province, eastern Thailand, presented with painless, right upper eyelid nodule for 3 months. Upon removal of the eyelid mass, a well-circumscribed, firm globular mass with diameter about 1 cm was found. Histopathological examination revealed an immature female dirofilarial worm reminiscent of Dirofilaria repens, characterized by prominent sharp longitudinal ridges at external surface of the cuticle. Analysis of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequence showed that the worm belongs to Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis. It is likely that some infections previously reported as D. repens based on histological examination may have actually been due to Candidatus D. hongkongensis.
Influence of urea fertilizer on early growth of African Rose Wood (Pterocarpus erinaceous Poir.) seedlings in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Sodimu A.I. , Olaifa R.K. , Baba G.O. , Dahunsi O.M. , Rasheed F.M. , Ademuwagun A.A.
Published: January 2022

Influence of urea fertilizer on early growth and development of Pterocarpus erinaceous seedlings were investigated. Two hundred (200) uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots filled with top soil. Four urea fertilizer rates (0.035; 0.065; 0.095; 0.0125 g) and control were applied to the seedlings in the pots 20 × 25 × 25 cm, filled with 800 g of top soil collected from forest plantation. Assessment on the metrical character of the seedlings was done fortnightly. The fertilization of the selected seedlings with urea fertilizer was done round the seedlings in the nursery pots using ring method. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. The results show that fertilizer rates had significant (p < 0.05) effect on the growth and development of seedlings of P. erinaceous. Seedlings treated with 0.095 g of urea produced the highest mean values of 12.00 ± 0.66 cm; 0.33 ± 0.01 mm; 190 cm2 and 12.65 ± 0.67 for stem height, collar diameter, leaf area (LA) and number of leaves respectively. Seedlings fed with 0.125 g had the lowest values of 11.19 ± 0.61cm for height, 0.32± 0.01 mm for collar diameter 11.54 ± 0.70 for number of leaves and 124 cm2 for the LA. Urea fertilizers had significant effect on the early growth of the seedlings, therefore fertilization at 0.095 g per pot is recommended for raising P. erinaceous seedlings.
Planting date and fertilizer type influenced soil quality indices and soybean (Glycine max L.) yields in derived savannah of Nigeria
Authors: Nwite J.C.
Published: January 2022

Soybean is grown in many parts of Northern Nigeria, with little climatic challenges and soil organic matter. There is need to investigate possible influence of planting date of the crop in Southeastern Nigeria, an environment that is rather foreign to the crop. A study was carried out in 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons at Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, to evaluate the influence of different planting dates and fertilizer types on selected soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield of soybean. A split plot in a randomized complete block design was used with planting date (May and June) as the main plots, while six fertilizer types (poultry-droppings manure 5 t ha–1, swine-droppings manure 5 t ha–1, rice-husk dust 5 t ha–1, NPK 15:15:15 at 150 kg ha–1, urea at 100 kg ha–1 and the control) constituted the sub-plots. At crop maturity, some soil quality indices and pod and grain yields (t ha–1) of soybean were assessed. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen contents were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by both planting date and fertilizer type in 2018 and 2019, while soil pH was improved significantly (p < 0.05) only by fertilizer type in these two cropping seasons. Mean-weight diameter of aggregates, soil bulk density and SOC stock as well as soybean yields were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by both planting date and fertilizer type in the two seasons. Generally, planting in May improved soil total nitrogen and soybean pod yield whereas planting in June improved the other soil quality indices and soybean grain yield, the best soil amendment in either case being poultry-droppings manure but sometimes parameter-specific. The choice of planting date (May or June) in soybean production in the derived savannah and the soil amendment to use in the enterprise thus has both agronomic and environmental implications. Such a choice would depend on the indices of soil quality and/or the aspects of soybean yields (pod or grain) whose improvements the farmer intends to achieve at crop maturity.
Effects of animal manures on enzymes activities and physico-chemical properties of a degraded humid ultisol
Authors: Afangide A.I. , Okoli N.H. , Okon M.A. , Egboka N.T. , Inyang P.
Published: January 2022

Application of animal manures for soil amendment plays a major role in the improvement of soil properties and enzymatic activities of a degraded Ultisol. This study assessed the effects of poultry manure (PM) and swine manure (SM) on the activities of catalase and urease enzymes and some soil properties. The PM and SM were applied at the rate of 30 t ha–1 each on experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Soil samples were collected at day 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and analyzed for catalase and urease enzymes and some soil properties using standard procedures. The results showed increase in soil pH (in H2O) from 4.0 to 5.4 following manure application. At 0-15 cm soil depth, PM and SM recorded 28.1 and 28.8% increases in soil pH (in H2O), respectively. Soil organic carbon was highest (2.6 g kg–1) at 0-15 cm depth for soil amended with SM while the lowest value of 1.1 g kg–1was obtained at 15-30 cm depth for soil unamended with SM. In PM-amended soil, catalase activities ranged from 1.32 to 6.77 mg g–1 while its activities in SM-treated soil significantly (p < 0.05) varied between 1.55 and 8.11 mg g–1. Urease showed ranges of 0.72-3.90 mg g–1 and 0.96-4.71 mg g–1 in PM-amended and SM-treated soils, respectively. The results uphold that animal manures improve soil properties and are enzymatically controlled.
Morphological, phytochemical and molecular characterization of five common Jatropha species in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Odogwu B.A. , Ukomadu J. , Igwe I.
Published: January 2022

The economic and medicinal important genus Jatropha contains many distinctly different species. To elucidate the genetic relationship of five common occurring Jatropha species namely J. multifida, J. podagrica, J.tanjorernsis, J. curcas, and J. gossypifolia, thirty-nine morphological, six phytochemical features and one arbitrary marker was used to screen and explore their similarity. Morphological data was obtained from the measurement of vegetative and reproductive parts while the presence of five phytochemicals was determined using differentphytochemical tests. The DNA of all five Jatropha species were amplified and sequenced using Ribolose 1, 5- biphosphate carboxylase molecular marker. The DNA sequences were then aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for nucleotide 2.8.0 version of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and phylogenetic trees were constructed using Paleontological Statistical software and Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0.26 software. From the results of the classical and phylogenetic cluster analysis, the five Jatropha species was separated into two major clusters. The highly distinctive J. gossypifolia was the only species that clustered separately from the other Jatropha species. Although, J. tanjorensis has been reported to be a hybrid from J. curcas and J. gossypifolia, the species did not segregate and cluster with these species, but segregated with J. multifida, and J.podagrica, indicating that this species is more closely related to J. multifida, and J. podagrica than J. curcas and J.gossypifolia. The result therefore provide information that would be useful in the plant improvement programs for the genus Jatropha.
Assessing the bioconcentration of heavy metals in Nypa Palm (Nypa fruticans (Wurmb) from selected mangrove forests in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Gbosidom V.L. , Kalagbor I.A. , Wokoma O.A.F. , Akien-Alli J.
Published: January 2022

The bioconcentration of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and Ni in tissues of Nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) was investigated during wet and dry seasons from selected mangrove forests, using the randomized complete block design. Soil and plant samples were randomly collected from plant dominated growth stations and analyzed for heavy metal content using the Perkin Elmer Analysts 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained showed the bio-transfer factors of heavy metals at wet season as Pb (1.08mg/kg), Zn (1.42 mg/kg), Cd (6.14 mg/kg), Cr (0.56 mg/kg) Ni (0.90 mg/kg) and dry season as Pb (0.86 mg/kg), Zn (1.15 mg/kg), Cd (5.44 mg/kg), Cr (0.66 mg/kg), Ni (1.12 mg/kg). The result further showed the bio-translocation factors of the metals at wet seasons as Pb (0.59 mg/kg), Zn (0.76 mg/kg), Cd (3.25 mg/kg), Cr (0.22 mg/kg), Ni (0.54 mg/kg) and dry season as Pb (0.64 mg/kg), Zn (1.03 mg/kg) Cd (3.07 mg/kg), Cr (0.24 mg/kg), Ni (0.61 mg/kg) respectively. Findings indicate the study plant as a hyper accumulator of Ni, Cd and Zn, and non-hyper accumulator of Cr and Pb. It is thus recommended that N. fruticans be utilized for phytoremediation of Ni, Cd and Zn in polluted mangrove ecosystem.
Effect of captive rearing on meat and haemolymph nutritional characteristics of snail (Archachatina marginata swainson)
Authors: Odiaka I.E. , Kehinde A.S. , Babatunde O.O. , Adebisi-Fagbohungbe T.A. , Abuldulazeez F.A. , Ganiyu O.A. , Oyediran O.B. , Udaghe O.M.
Published: January 2022

An experiment was conducted to investigate and compare the impact of treatment, which is the source of snail (wild and captive reared) on the proximate and mineral composition (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe and Mn) of the meat and haemolymph of African land snails (Archachatina marginata). Ninety (90) adult snails (250.00 + 0.5g) were randomly distributed into two (2) treatments, each of three replicates, (15 snails per replicate), in a Complete Randomized Design. Samples of meat and haemolymph collected using standard procedures were subsequently analyzed for their nutritional qualities, using standard chemical analytical procedures. All data collected were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, while significant variation were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test of the same package. The proximate composition of the meat revealed higher (P>0.05) DM (26.00%), Ether extract (2.17%) and NFE (3.57%) in SC, while there was a non-significant variation (P<0.05) in most proximate factors for haemolymph, except NFE (4.27%), which was higher (P>0.05) in SW. The mineral profiling of the meat revealed  elevated (PP>0.05) levels of Fee (22.30mg/kg) and Mn (4.79mg/kg) of SC, the haemolymph recorded improved levels (P>0.05) for all mineral elements in SC. In conclusion, the captive rearing of snail had improved impact on thenutritional qualities of SC.
Utilization of spent millet from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) as experimental diets for Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Ogbe K.U. , Adikwu I.A. , Akombo P.M. , Dasuma E.
Published: January 2022

Brewer’s waste is one of the promising carbohydrate and protein source by-products for fish diets. A 10-wk feeding trial experiment involving 10 different diets (10 diets for Spent millet, from locally fermented drink (Burukutu) with increasing levels of brewer’s waste (40% crude protein) was carried out to evaluate the use of spent millet, from Burukutu production in Clarias gariepinus diets in place of normal Corn. Growth performance was compared against a control diet formulated to have similar composition to a typical commercial diet. 10 experimental diets replaced successively 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the Corn carbohydrate with Spent millet from locally fermented drink, Burukutu.. The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. A relatively good growth performance and nutrient utilization by Clarias gariepinus fed the test diets were observed. However, the results showed significant difference (p<0.05) in weight gain, SGR, FCR and RGR between treatments, with the control performing best. The result also showed that survival rate was high in all the treatment which indicate that, spent millet from burukutu production has no adverse effect on the experimented fish. Based on this research, it wasconcluded that 50% of the corn carbohydrate in a typicalcommercial diet could be replaced with spent grain (millet) from locally fermented drink (BKT) withno adverse effect on growth and feed utilization for Clarias gariepinus.
Effect of stem bark hydroalcoholic extract of cocoa (T. Cacao) on liver function of Wistar albino rats induced with anaemia
Authors: George-Opuda I.M. , Adegoke O.A. , Oluwatayo O.B. , Odeghe O.B. , Ndibe J.
Published: January 2022

The study investigated the effect of stem bark hydroalcoholic extract of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) on liver function of phenlyhydrazine (PHZ)-induced forty anaemic (treated) and normal albino rats divided into 8 groups of five rats each in the study. The activities of marker enzymes such as aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were assayed. In addition serum total protein, total bilirubin, albumin were determined. There was a significantly (p<0.05) decrease in AST of anaemic not treated rats compared to normal control rats with the exception of serum total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, ALT and ALP where no significant (p>0.005) change was recorded. In the group (anaemic rats) treated with bark extract of Theobroma cacao at the doses of 100, 200, and 500mg/kg, AST was significantly (p<0.05) reduced while there was significant (p>0.05) increase in serum total protein, total bilirubin, albumin, ALT and ALP. In the group (non anaemic rats) treated with graded doses of the extract 200mg, 500mg and 1000mg, there was a significant (p<0.05) of total bilirubin diect bilirubin, and AST while no significant (p>0.05) change was recorded. The study illustrate that the bark extract of Theobroma cacao possess antioxidant and membrane permeability properties. Dose of Theobroma cacao at 500mg does not have antianaemic potentials.
Microwave assisted extraction, phytochemical and antimicrobial evaluation of ethyl acetate extracts of stem bark of Ficus exasperata (Vahl)
Authors: Ugbenyo N.O. , Anyam J.N. , Yahaya M.K. , Habib L.O. , Abdulsalam S.
Published: January 2022

Stem bark of Ficus exasperata was extracted using ethyl acetate by microwave-assisted solvent extraction. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation were carried out on the extract. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes and steroids. Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that the extract is active against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis. The zones of inhibition (mm) for the test organisms were (24 - 31) mm. Minimum inhibition concentrations (mg/L) of extract against MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 2.5, 1.25,1.25, 2.5, 1.25, 1.25, 1.25 and 2.5 respectively. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (mg/L) of extract against Methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis Shigella dysenteriae Candida stellatoidea and Candida tropicalis were 5, 2.5, 2.5, 5, 5, 2.5,2.5 and 5 respectively. The extract showed high inhibition against MRSA and Candida tropicalis.
Ethno-botanical uses and taxonomic composition of some Aju Mbaise (Mbaise wraps)
Authors: Ekeke C. , Ogazie C.A. , Ugiomoh I.G. , Mbalewe, M.C.
Published: January 2022

This document focuses on the ethnobotanical uses and taxonomic composition of some Aju Mbaise (Mbaise wraps). A total of 31 plant species belonging to 24 families were identified in the wraps collected from the study area. These plants are used in the treatment of ailments such as hypertension, typhoid, malaria, boost fertility in females, post-partum (immediately after birth), treatment of diabetes, treatment of arthritis, and induce weight loss. Annonaceae family constituted 9.68% of the total plant family, followed by Acanthaceae, Combretaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Rubiaceae with 6.45% each. Among the plant species, Cnestis ferruginea (Connaraceae) occurred in five wraps. This is followed by Alternanthera bettzickiana (Amaranthaceae), Craterispermum cerinanthum (Rubiaceae), and Napoleona imparalis (Lecythidaceae) found in four wraps while Acanthus montanus (Acanthaceae), Barteria nigritana (Passifloraceae), Nephrolepis exaltata (Nephrolepidaceae), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Poaceae), Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae), Scleria naumanniana (Cyperaceae), and Sida rhomboidea (Malvaceae) are in three ailments each. These plant species and families with high occurrence are the most effectively used plant groups in the study for the treatment of these diseases.
Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in Kwara State.
Authors: Adekunle O.C. , Mustapha A. , Odewale G. , Ojedele R.O.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and imipenem was documented. The prevalence of bla VIM , ,bla CTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 % and 16.7 % respectively.Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo â-lactamase- producing and antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area.

Keywords: Metallo â-lactamase enzyme, P. aeruginosa, clinical samples, antibiotic-resistance genes
Social Justice through Shakespeare: A critical asset
Authors: Moosa Hassana
Published: January 2022

No abstract
Dziecięcy repertuar muzyczny w procesie elementarnej edukacji muzycznej
Authors: Korzeniowski Adam
Published: January 2022

Children’s musical repertoire in the process of elementary music education

The aim of the article is the initial/preliminary systematization of the types of children’s musical repertoire. The definition of the repertoire and its forms were analyzed and interpreted. Based on the analysis of the literature on the subject, the categories of children’s repertoire were described in correlation with musical activities. An attempt was also made to describe the structure of the children’s musical repertoire.
Zabawowe sposoby wprowadzania zapisu muzycznego w zakresie wysokości dźwięku — propozycje dla nauczycieli klas I–III
Authors: Szczyrba-Poroszewska Joanna
Published: January 2022

Fun ways to introduce of musical notation in terms of pitch — suggestions for teachers in grades 1–3

An important issue in music education of children is introduction of musical alphabet. The main aims are reminding teachers of two ways to record pitch, introducing the guidelines for learning formulated by psychologists, presentation of selected ways of introducing musical notation in a way adapted to the abilities of early school children.
E-wykluczenie — zagrożenie dla współczesnej edukacji
Authors: Kmiecik Gabriela
Published: January 2022

Digital exclusion — a danger to the education today

Contemporary media and new technologies became an integral part of our lives. We can experience their influence in nearly every part of our everyday life. In the hands of an adept and sensible user, they can become a powerful educational tool. Their misuse however, often leads to a number of problems and negative effects. The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced us to transfer social, political, economic and cultural aspects of our lives into the digital realm. The following article takes up the issue of digital exclusion, a pressing international problem, as well as the challenges that the polish educational system faced during distance-learning. Studies mentioned in the article illustrate the difficulties which the students, their parents, teachers and headmasters encountered at every level. The conclusions point at the direction the post-pandemic school ought to take while transitioning back to classrooms.
Walka z czarną śmiercią w świetle wybranych pism i traktatów z XIV w.
Authors: Smołucha Janusz
Published: January 2022

Combatting the Black Death in the light of selected writings and treatises from the XIVth century

This article analyzes texts that show attempts to resist the plague epidemic in Europe in the second half of the XIVth century. Much information on this subject has survived in writings by Italian authors, including Giovanni Boccaccio, Matteo Villani, and Francesco Petrarch. In Italian cities, the sickness led to demographic disaster, permanently changing the social order and the daily life of their inhabitants. Using the above mentioned texts, the author reflects on the triumphal march of the plague, searching for answers to the question as to the extent to which contemporary doctors were responsible for the state of affairs. When they encountered the first attack of the plague, they were helpless, not possessing either appropriate knowledge of medicines. Authors of chronicles noted that when examining the sick, doctors only took simple steps such as measuring temperature and analyzing body fluids, and the drew on philosophy and astrology when doing so. Sharper and sharper criticism fell on their heads as a result, and accusations not just of ignorance but also of cowardice. This was because many medical persons fled from territories affected by plague. Francesco Petrarch was one of the fiercest critics of doctors at this time. In the course of the epidemic, he lost Laura, the love of his life, and his beloved son. Petrarch wrote of the plague and the death that accompanied it in several tracts and poetic pieces. In those, he showed the fear and terror that haunted people when the world they had hitherto known lay in ruins.
Kiła, ospa, angielskie poty. Zapomniane epidemie w Prusach i na Pomorzu w latach 1527 i 1529
Authors: Możdżeń Julia
Published: January 2022

Syphilis, smallpox, English sweats. Forgotten epidemics in Prussia and Pomerania in 1527 and 1529

This article aims to analyze narrative material recorded in Prussian and Pommeranian towns in the course of an epidemic of syphilis and smallpox in 1527 and of English sweats in 1529 (chroniclers’ accounts and letters). The point of departure is the extensive and detailed description contained in the Preuβische Chronik by the Gdańsk chronicler Simon Grunau. To test its credibility, the information it contains is compared with other current accounts on the subject of the course of the epidemics. Hitherto the epidemics of 1527 and 1529 have not aroused the interest of scholars writing about Prussia and Pomerania. The author of this article has collected manuscripts and printed source material, which is included in an annex. The article analyzes: the reactions to the appearance of sickness on the part of city authorities noted by chroniclers (including, Simon Grunau, Thomas Kantzow, and Johannes von Freiberg) and of the inhabitants of Szczecin, Gdańsk, Königsberg, Toruń, and Elbląg; descriptions of the remedial measures proposed; and interpretations of the ways the sicknesses spread among people and domestic animals. The article compares these with accounts surviving in contemporary letters, including those of Martin Luther, Prussian Duke Albrecht Hohenzollern, and Philip Melanchthon; it also considers accounts from the extensive medical writing preserved in old printed texts. An analysis of the epidemic of 1527 makes it possible to identify several diseases (smallpox and bird flu) that chroniclers identify with syphilis. The surviving accounts of witnesses point to convergent reactions of people to new illnesses with those observed today.
Simultaneous effect of cathode potentials and magnetite concentrations on methanogenesis of acetic acid under different ammonia conditions
Authors: Yulisa Arma , Lee Joonyeob , Park Sang Hyeok , Hwang Seokhwan
Published: January 2022

Electromethanogenesis (EM) is a system that facilitates direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in anaerobic digestion (AD) by providing an external power supply to favor desired reactions. Substrates of AD commonly contain ammonia (NH3) as biodegradation product of nitrogen-rich compounds that can deteriorate the stability of AD process. Optimized cathode potential (VCAT) and magnetite (Mag) concentration ([Mag]) are expected to improve AD efficiency in the presence of NH3. Response surface analysis with central composite face-centered design was used in this study to investigate the effect of VCAT and [Mag] under different total ammonia nitrogen concentration ([TAN]). Highest cumulative methane production was achieved at VCAT = -737.4 mV, [Mag] = 18.2 mM, and [TAN] = 1.5 g/L; highest acetate degradation rate was achieved at VCAT = 757.6 mV, [Mag] = 21.4 mM, and [TAN] = 1.5 g/L. The study demonstrated that VCAT promotes either microbial growth or electrochemical NH3 removal. A Shift from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic pathway was also observed by the increase of hydrogenotrophic methanogen populations at the end of experiment. This study is beneficial for process control of AD under different NH3 conditions.
ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF TIME DELAY ON THE STABILITY OF HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER
Authors: CHAU MINH THUYEN
Published: January 2022

Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) has highly effective in improving the power quality of power system. In this paper, a stable analysis of HAPF considering the time delay was made. The mathematical model of HAPF with time delay has been established. Based on that, the stable domain of the HAPF parameters was determined based on the Routh’s stability standard. Simulation results based on Matlab software have shown that: time delay has a marked impact on the stability of the HAPF system. This research has practical significance in the design and control of HAPF in real system.
Strategic and Sustainable Implementation of 5S in a Beef Abattoir
Authors: Kufigwa Babedi , Gwangwava Norman , Addo-Tenkorang Richard
Published: January 2022

In recent time workplace organization and easy information retrieval help in achieving optimum productivity through maximum utilization of the resources available, significantly reducing industrial lead-time and waste thus resulting in low production cost and increase return-on-investment (ROI). This paper is a study of the effective and efficient implementation of 5S processes in a beef abattoir. Thus, the paper employs both qualitative (case study) and quantitative (statistical analysis like 5S scorecard and 5S audit performance) methods. This research identifies and outlines 5S “best practice” issues overlooked such as unneeded items lying around, torn sign displays, labels and shelves not partitioned, bins not clearly stored in demarcated areas and storage tools not clearly shown with sign panels and labels. Furthermore, budget constraints and the abattoir unreadiness to adopt the 5S system inhibits the smooth implementation of the 5S phases required. Therefore, this research managed to map out a 5S lean-system implementation framework for the case company X beef abattoirs. Finally, the research recommended effective process on how 5S can efficiently save the industry on planning to reduce waste in processes such as lead-time in effective information retrieval system, safety issues to mitigate non-value adding activities and space utilization, for improved productivity.
Discurso colonial en videojuegos serios y posibilidades para decolonialidad en terceros espacios
Authors:   Universidad de Colorado Boulder, Rodriguez Espinola Amanda
Published: January 2022

Organizaciones internacionales han encargado la producción de videojuegos para crear conciencia sobre el desarrollo económico y los problemas humanitarios, estableciendo redes basadas en la empatía intergrupal y las diversas realidades que enfrentan los jugadores. Sin embargo, existe una brecha en el estudio de los juegos digitales como herramientas que pueden mejorar la empatía entre grupos y las implicaciones del discurso que tienen estos juegos sobre la otredad. El propósito de este artículo es explorar las formas en que los videojuegos construyen nociones de alteridad arraigadas en el pensamiento colonial, posicionando a los desarrolladores y jugadores como reproductores de esta retórica. Este artículo explorará el concepto de empatía y cómo los videojuegos serios pueden usarse como herramientas para fomentarlo. Luego, se usa el juego EVOKE para ejemplificar este género y resaltar sus limitaciones. Finalmente, se ofrece una alternativa para fomentar la empatía a través de videojuegos serios dentro de un proyecto decolonial. La importancia del proyecto radica en reunir los campos del estudio de juegos y del cambio social a través de la empatía y proponer una lente decolonial a través de la cual reconocer las relaciones problemáticas entre los juegos para el cambio y la empatía.
PERANAN SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU DALAM MENUNJANG KELANCARAN PRODUKSI PADA PT. DASKO DAVITEK PERSADA
Authors: BR Purba Aloina , Anan Malesa
Published: January 2022

Inventory of raw materials plays an important role for the company, because it isan element of company assets that have material value in a relatively large amountand value, as well as assets that are sensitive to time, decline in market prices,damage and excess costs caused by errors in handling. The formulation of theproblem in this study is whether the application of the accounting informationsystem for raw material inventory at pt. Dasko davitek persada has beenimplemented effectively and efficiently and how is the role of the accountinginformation system for inventory of appropriate raw materials so that it can supportthe smooth running of production at pt. Dasko davitek persada. Pt. Dasko davitekpersada has been implemented effectively and efficiently, as well as to determinethe role of the appropriate raw material inventory accounting information systemin supporting the smooth production process at pt. Dasko davitek persada.Keywords : Accounting Information System, Raw Material Inventory, Smoo