bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Growing Mass under the Nail: Subungual Eccrine Poroma
Authors: Yorulmaz Ahu , Aksoy Gunes Gur , Ozhamam Esra Ucaryilmaz
Published: June 2020

Eccrine poroma is a benign adnexal tumour, which originates from the acrosyringium of eccrine sweat glands. Eccrine poroma is an uncommon neoplasm, the typical clinical presentation of which is a solitary soft sessile reddish papule protruding from a cup-shaped shallow depression. Many challenges remain in the diagnosis of eccrine poroma because it does not always present with classical features and may mimic any other cutaneous benign and malignant lesions. Eccrine poromas may occur on any skin surface with sweat glands; on the other hand, the most common sites of involvement include the palms and soles, which are rich in eccrine sweat glands. Here, we present a case of subungual eccrine poroma, which is an extremely rare presentation of poromas. We also highlight dermoscopic features of eccrine poroma and review the available literature on the subject.
Comparing Reading Speeds for Reading Standardized Single Sentences and Paragraphs in Patients with Maculopathy
Authors: Kortuem Constanze , Marx Tobias , Altpeter Elke Karin , Trauzettel-Klosinski Susanne , Kuester-Gruber Stephan
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare reading speeds (RS) of either paragraphs of text or single sentences in patients with maculopathy by investigating the repeatability of RS to decide which text type to use in studies on patients with maculopathy. Methods: RS was measured for standardized texts in 25 participants with a central scotoma due to maculopathy (mean age 77.8 years ± 9.9 SD, mean binocular visual acuity 0.65 logMAR (±0.85 SD), median magnification requirement 3-fold). Reading 3 single sentences taken from the Radner reading charts (sample #1, #2, and #3) of 14 words and reading 3 paragraphs of International Reading Speed Texts (IReST, sample # 3, #6, and #10) with a mean of 132 (±3.2 SD) words, each in German, were compared. The 6 texts were read aloud in random order from a closed-circuit TV system, with size adjusted according to the individual magnification requirement. Reading time was measured by stopwatch, and speed was calculated in correctly read words per minute (wpm). Differences in RS depending on text length (single sentence vs. paragraph) and text sample were calculated by the Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The mean RS showed no significant difference between 2 charts of the same kind (sentences: 93 wpm ± 37 SD; paragraphs: 95 wpm ± 38 SD). RS differences between 2 charts were lower in paragraphs than in single sentences. Highest correlations of RS between all 6 texts existed between the 3 IReST text samples (r = 0.98, 0.98, and 0.98) compared with the 3 Radner sentences (r = 0.89, 0.81, and 0.90). The inter-chart reliability (coefficient of repeatability) was smaller for the paragraphs (12.9 wpm) than for the single sentences (36.4 wpm). Conclusion: In patients with maculopathy, single sentences are well suited for single measurement of RS. For repeated measurements (e.g., monitoring the course of a reading disorder or assessing effects of interventions), paragraphs are preferable because of their lower variability of RS between the paragraphs.
Prognostic Role of Examined and Positive Lymph Nodes after Distal Pancreatectomy for Non-Functioning Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: Guarneri Giovanni , de Mestier Louis , Landoni Luca , Partelli Stefano , Gaujoux Sébastien , Andreasi Valentina , Nessi Chiara , Dokmak Safi , Fontana Michele , Dousset Bertrand , Ruszniewski Philippe , Bassi Claudio , Falconi Massimo , Sauvanet Alain
Published: June 2020

Background: The most appropriate nodal staging system for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-PanNETs) remains unclear. Despite some evidence is available for pancreaticoduodenectomy, the adequate nodal staging is still unknown for distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of the number of positive lymph nodes (PLNs) after DP for NF-PanNETs and to define the minimal number of lymph nodes to be harvested for an appropriate nodal staging. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent DP with curative intent (R0-R1) for sporadic well-differentiated NF-PanNETs in 4 European high-volume centres. NF-PanNETs with nodal involvement (N+) were subclassified into N1 (1–3 PLNs) and N2 (4 or more PLNs). Univariate and multivariate analyses of disease-free survival (DFS) were performed. Results: Of 271 patients in the study, 62 (23%) had nodal involvement (N+). A higher probability of N+ was associated with the following factors: grading, resection margin status, perineural and microvascular invasion, and the number of examined lymph nodes. Three-year DFS rate for N0, N1, and N2 patients was 92, 72, and 50%, respectively (p < 0.001). At multivariate analysis, independent predictors of DFS were grading, T stage, presence of necrosis, and nodal status. For patients with ≥12 examined/resected lymph nodes, the N status remained a significant predictor of disease recurrence (p < 0.001), while it failed to predict recurrence in patients with <12 lymph nodes examined/resected (p = 0.116). Conclusions: A minimal number of 12 nodes should be harvested in case of DP for NF-PanNET for an appropriate nodal staging. The number of positive lymph nodes is an independent predictor of DFS after DP for NF-PanNET, and the N0/N1/N2 nodal classification seems to be more relevant than the current N0/N+ staging.
Brazilian cohorts with potential for life-course studies: a scoping review
Authors: Araujo Waleska Regina Machado , Santos Iná S. , Menezes Filho Naercio Aquino , Souza Maria Thereza Costa Coelho de , Cunha Antonio Jose Ledo Alves da , Matijasevich Alicia
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: To identify the Brazilian cohorts that started either in the prenatal period or at birth, to describe their characteristics and the explored variables, and to map the cohorts with potential for studies on early determinants on health and the risk of falling ill on later stages of the life cycle. METHODS: A scoping review was carried out. The articles were searched in the electronic databases PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL). The descriptors used were [(((“Child” OR “Child, Preschool” OR “Infant” OR “Infant, Newborn”) AND (Cohort Studies” OR “Longitudinal Studies”)) AND “Brazil”)]. The inclusion criteria were Brazilian cohorts that started the baseline in the prenatal period or at birth and with at least two follow-ups with the participants. In order to meet the concept of LCE, we excluded those cohorts whose follow-ups were restricted to the first year of life, as well as those that did not address biological, behavioral and psychosocial aspects, and cohorts with data collection of a single stage of the life cycle. RESULTS: The search step identified 5,010 articles. Eighteen cohorts were selected for descriptive synthesis. The median number of baseline participants was 2,000 individuals and the median age at the last follow-up was 9 years. Sample loss at the last follow-up ranged from 9.2 to 87.5%. Most cohorts monitored two phases of the life cycle (the perinatal period and childhood). The Southern region had the highest number of cohorts. The main variables collected were sociodemographic and environmental aspects of the family, morbidity aspects, nutritional practices and lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the continuity of these cohorts, the approach to different social contexts and the performance of follow-ups with participants in different phases of the life cycle for the strengthening and expansion of life course epidemiology analyses in Brazil.
Improvement in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Outpatients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: DeVore Adam D. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Thomas Laine , Albert Nancy M. , Butler Javed , Patterson J. Herbert , Spertus John A. , Williams Fredonia B. , Duffy Carol I. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Fonarow Gregg C.
Published: June 2020

Background:

Among patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF), improvements in left ventricular EF (LVEF) are associated with better outcomes and remain an important treatment goal. Patient factors associated with LVEF improvement in routine clinical practice have not been clearly defined.

Methods:

CHAMP-HF (Change the Management of Patients with Heart Failure) is a prospective registry of outpatients with HF with reduced EF. Assessments of LVEF are recorded when performed for routine care. We analyzed patients with both baseline and ≥1 follow-up LVEF assessments to describe factors associated with LVEF improvement.

Results:

In CHAMP-HF, 2623 patients had a baseline and follow-up LVEF assessment. The median age was 67 (interquartile range, 58–75) years, 40% had an ischemic cardiomyopathy, and median HF duration was 2.8 years (0.7–6.8). Median LVEF was 30% (23–35), and median change on follow-up was 4% (−2 to −13); 19% of patients had a decrease in LVEF, 31% had no change, 49% had a ≥5% increase, and 34% had a ≥10% increase. In a multivariable model, the following factors were associated with ≥5% LVEF increase: shorter HF duration (odds ratio [OR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.17–1.25]), no implantable cardioverter defibrillator (OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.34–1.55]), lower LVEF (OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.10–1.19]), nonischemic cardiomyopathy (OR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.09–1.36]), and no coronary disease (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03–1.35]).

Conclusions:

In a large cohort of outpatients with chronic HF with reduced EF, improvements in LVEF were common. Common baseline cardiac characteristics identified a population that was more likely to respond over time. These data may inform clinical decision making and should be the basis for future research on myocardial recovery.
Microbe‐Derived Butyrate and Its Receptor, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3, But Not Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Mitigate Neointimal Hyperplasia Susceptibility After Arterial Injury
Authors: Nooromid Michael , Chen Edmund B. , Xiong Liqun , Shapiro Katherine , Jiang Qun , Demsas Falen , Eskandari Maeve , Priyadarshini Medha , Chang Eugene B. , Layden Brian T. , Ho Karen J.
Published: June 2020

Background

Arterial restenosis after vascular surgery is a common cause of midterm restenosis and treatment failure. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of microbe‐derived butyrate, FFAR2 (free fatty acid receptor 2), and FFAR3 (free fatty acid receptor 3) in mitigating neointimal hyperplasia development in remodeling murine arteries after injury.

Methods and Results

C57
BL
/6 mice treated with oral vancomycin before unilateral femoral wire injury to deplete gut microbiota had significantly diminished serum and stool butyrate and more neointimal hyperplasia development after arterial injury, which was reversed by concomitant butyrate supplementation. Deficiency of
FFAR
3 but not FFAR2, both receptors for butyrate, exacerbated neointimal hyperplasia development after injury.
FFAR
3 deficiency was also associated with delayed recovery of the endothelial layer in vivo.
FFAR
3 gene expression was observed in multiple peripheral arteries, and expression was increased after arterial injury. Treatment of endothelial but not vascular smooth muscle cells with the pharmacologic
FFAR
3 agonist 1‐methylcyclopropane carboxylate stimulated cellular migration and proliferation in scratch assays.

Conclusions

Our results support a protective role for butyrate and
FFAR
3 in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after arterial injury and delineate activation of the butyrate‐
FFAR
3 pathway as a valuable strategy for the prevention and treatment of neointimal hyperplasia.
Art Centers and Peripheral Art [A Lecture at the University of Hamburg, October 15, 1982]
Authors: Hadjinicolaou Nicos
Published: June 2020

Change in the history of art has many causes, but one often overlooked by art historical institutions is the complex, unequal set of relationships that subsist between art centers and peripheries. These take many forms, from powerful penetration of peripheral art by the subjects, styles and modes of the relevant center, through accommodation to this penetration to various degrees and kinds of resistance to it. Mapping these relationships should be a major task for art historians, especially those committed to tracing the reception of works of art and the dissemination of ideas about art. This lecture, delivered by Nicos Hadjinicolaou in 1982, outlines a “political art geography” approach to these challenges, and demonstrates it by exploring four settings: the commissioning of paintings commemorating key battles during the Greek War of Independence; the changes in Diego Rivera's style on his return to Mexico from Paris in the 1920s; the impact on certain Mexican artists in the 1960s of “hard edge” painting from the United States; and the differences between Socialist Realism in Moscow and in the Soviet Republics of Asia during the mid-twentieth century. The lecture is here translated into English for the first time and is introduced by Terry Smith, who relates it to its author's long-term art historical quest, as previously pursued in his book Art History and Class Struggle (1973).
Tragedy of the Possible: Aimé Césaire in Cuba, 1968
Authors: Frost Jackqueline , Lefevre Tavárez Jorge E.
Published: June 2020

In 1968, Aimé Césaire travelled to Cuba to participate in the Havana Cultural Congress, a mass international meeting where delegates discussed the place of culture in the struggle against imperialism, neo-colonialism, and underdevelopment. Among the likes of C.L.R. James, Nicolás Guillén, René Depestre, Michel Leiris, and Daniel Guérin, it was in Havana that the Martinican politician undertook the until-now untranslated interview with Sonia Aratán for the Casa de las Américas revue and delivered his Cultural Congress conference paper – previously believed by Césaire scholars to be lost. Both texts shed light on Césaire’s little-known views on Fidel Castro, the Cuban Revolution and Marxism in the context of late-1960s tricontinentalism. By reconstructing Césaire’s exchanges with Cuban writers before and during the Congress, we propose a consideration of the role of Cuba in Césaire’s political thought as a tragic possibility, combining the catastrophe of Caribbean history with the uncertain potential of new social forms.
Jerzy Wróblewski’s Concept of Legal Interpretation in its Axiological and Epistemological Context
Authors: Bekrycht Tomasz
Published: June 2020

The work of Jerzy Wróblewski has had a huge impact not only on the theory and philosophy of law, both in Poland and internationally, but also on the whole of ​​jurisprudence, especially the fields of doctrinal legal research and the practical application of the law (in particular on adjudication). The aim of this study is to present one of Wróblewski’s most influential concepts, namely the theoretical model of judicial interpretation, from the point of view of axiology and epistemology in the field of jurisprudence.
Artur Kozak’s Juriscentrist Concept of Law: a Central European Innovation in Legal Theory
Authors: Mańko Rafał
Published: June 2020

Artur Kozak (1960–2009) was one of the most original and innovative philosophers of law to emerge from the so-called ‘middle generation’ of Polish post-War jurisprudence. Kozak’s principal achievement was to break away from the analytical paradigm of legal theory, dominant in the in Poland at the time, and engage legal theory in a fruitful dialogue with contemporary sociology and philosophy, including such currents as social constructionism or postmodernism. To name his original theoretical project, Kozak coined a new term – ‘juriscentrism’ (juryscentryzm), consciously evoking Richard Rorty’s concept of ethnocentrism. Juriscentrist legal theory was mainly focused on providing legitimacy for the newly gained power of the legal community in a post-socialist society, but its theoretical resonance is universal. Kozak’s premature death made it impossible to complete the theoretical project of juriscentrism, nonetheless he managed to elaborate its main tenets, including the concept of juristic discretional power and a juriscentrist concept of law. Kozak’s legacy in contemporary Polish legal theory is particularly visible in Wrocław, where not only the post-analytical paradigm in Poland is the strongest, but also the first Polish school of critical legal theory has recently emerged.
Stanisław Ehrlich’s Critique of Legal Dogmatics: Then and Now
Authors: Zomerski Wojciech
Published: June 2020

The main aim of this paper is to reconstruct Stanisław Ehrlich’s critique of legal dogmatics by which he understood a legal discipline that explains in a systematic manner the normative material which consists of description, classification and systematization of norms. As an additional aim of this article is to remind about Ehrlich’s achievements and contribution to the regional legal theory, this is preceded by the author’s biographical note. The reconstruction of Ehrlich’s critique of legal dogmatics consists of three elements. Firstly, I discuss the author’s understanding of legal dogmatics and attitude towards it in the context of the domestic legal theory. Secondly, I consider the theoretical background of Ehrlich’s critique of legal dogmatics and I argue that it might be seen as a part of three broader threads in the author’s writings: realism, decision-focused concept of law and pluralism. Finally, I reconstruct Ehrlich’s critique of legal dogmatics formulated in the 1950s and in the 1960s. This is followed by a brief summary and consideration of Ehrlich’s possible application in the broadly understood legal theory. I shall argue that Ehrlich’s critique of legal dogmatics and his realistic concept of law might be interesting for all who examine the law in its broader social context, looking at it from the external point of view, adopting critical as well as post-analytical attitudes towards the law. As possible fields of Ehrlich’s application, I identify ongoing discussions on rule of law, legal education, adjudication and judicial formalism. I shall also argue that Ehrlich’s realistic concept of the law remains an interesting piece of Central Eastern European critical thought.
Conceptualising Judicial Application of Law in the Polish Theory of Legal Interpretation
Authors: Golecki Mariusz J. , Wojciechowski Bartosz
Published: June 2020

The article presents the issue of the judicial application of the law in contemporary Civil Law jurisdictions. This topic arouses a great deal of controversy, because it is associated with granting courts a wide range of discretionary powers, including lawmaking. In the theoretical-legal literature this issue is often dealt with by juxtaposing different ideologies on the judicial application of law: bound, free or legal and rational. This division was introduced and developed by Jerzy Wróblewski, whose concept of the judicial application of law is presented and critically analyzed in the present article, with particular attention paid to the principle of the separation of powers. In recent Polish theoretical-legal literature, discussion on this issue has tended to focus less on whether the courts in our legal system possess lawmaking competence, and more on whether they should be allowed such competence. This is due to the fact that a view now prevails in the literature which holds that, in certain cases, there is a need for creative interpretation of the law, as this can remedy the poor quality of the law enacted by the legislator.
City as Canvas
Authors: El Maarouf Farouk , El Maarouf Moulay Driss
Published: June 2020

The city reflects a politics of possession, upon which pieces of land ultimately get encircled by walls for exploitation. Walls—the entities that frame up the city—are territory ma(r)kers, yet this architectural gesture, far from being innocent, symbolizes a lurking desire at owning territories in the ma(r)king. This paper brings this idea home by examining the other meanings of the wall in contemporary Morocco, by closely studying the poetics and politics of the wall in the context of the Jidar street art festival of Rabat, situated, as it were, in the intersection of concepts (such as festival, paint, street art, wall, patronage, cooptation, resistance, local and global). We argue that the JSAF presents, among other things, a venue for local artists to perform and translate their thoughts and artistic visions into murals of a grand scale. Yet under the gaze of power, their performances accentuate the existentialist yet ambivalent position of city walls not only as embodiments of visual escape, but also as terrains of artistic/economic opportunities, incompatible social emotions, and contentious politics.
Lineage diversity, morphological and genetic divergence in Daphnia magna (Crustacea) among Chinese lakes at different altitudes
Authors: Ma Xiaolin , Ni Yijun , Wang Xiaoyu , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo
Published: June 2020

The biogeography and genetic structure of aquatic zooplankton populations remains understudied in the Eastern Palearctic, especially the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, we explored the population-genetic diversity and structure of the cladoceran waterflea Daphnia magna found in eight (out of 303 investigated) waterbodies across China. The three Tibetan D. magna populations were detected within a small geographical area, suggesting these populations have expanded from refugia. We detected two divergent mitochondrial lineages of D. magna in China: one was restricted to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the other was present in lowland China. Several different haplotypes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were most similar to those from various parts of Siberia, suggesting that as a source region. We also found substantial genetic differentiation between D. magna populations from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and those from lowland China. Moreover, significant morphological differences were identified: D. magna from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau had a larger head length, body length and body width than did those from lowland China. Geographical and environmental factors were correlated with the observed morphological variation and genetic divergence of D. magna in China. Our data offer an insight into the divergence of freshwater zooplankton due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
Parsing and Managing Inconsistency in Investor-State Dispute Settlement
Authors: Arato Julian , Brown Chester , Ortino Federico
Published: June 2020

Inconsistency in legal interpretation is among the most salient problems in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) and it is one of the key issues being addressed by the reform efforts in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Group III. While some degree of interpretive inconsistency is endemic to any legal order, systemic inconsistency tends to undermine the basic purposes of the investment treaty regime – namely protecting and promoting foreign direct investment through predictable international legal rules and institutions. This article seeks to parse the problem of inconsistency at a more granular level, in order to distinguish between types of norms where a degree of inconsistency is (relatively) manageable and (potentially) tolerable, and those where inconsistency is unacceptable. We argue that it is with regard to structural ‘rules of the game’ where inconsistency is most destructive.
The Diversity Deficit in International Investment Arbitration
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K. , Behn Daniel , Franck Susan D. , Giorgetti Chiara , Kidane Won , de Nanteuil Arnaud , Onyema Emilia
Published: June 2020

The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Working Group III on ISDS (Investor-State Dispute Settlement) Reform considers issues of adjudicator diversity to be an area of concern for the legitimacy of the ISDS system. Studies show that nearly all of the most prominent and repeatedly appointed arbitrators in ISDS cases are men from the Global North with significant prior experience in ISDS cases. Rather than being seen as fair, just, and devoid of bias, decisions are sometimes suspected to be the products of adjudicators who share a particular world view. This article focuses on four key issues: (1) how a lack diversity affects the real and perceived legitimacy of the ISDS system; (2) empirical evidence on the current extent of the diversity problem in ISDS; (3) the causes of the perpetuation of the diversity deficit in ISDS; and (4) what can be done to improve diversity in ISDS.
Gospeltainment: Music and Profit in Nigeria
Authors: Adeola Taiye Shola
Published: June 2020

Nigerian gospel music is an emblematic and significantly informative entertainment industry; it is both an artistic and a contemporary religious genre that reveals social transformations nationally, regionally and globally. The historical fusion of entertainment with spirituality in Nigerian music reflects at once the influence of secular music upon the composition process and the performance context, the pressures of audience demand, the idiosyncrasies of each musician, as well as financial and commercial trends. The radical effects of change in the local labour market and in the world economy are not really new; these have been features of Nigerian gospel music since its origin. But now these factors define this music at the performance level as well.
The Pragmatics and Sociolinguistics of Maasai Greetings
Authors: Goodness Devet
Published: June 2020

The speech act of greeting is one of the most frequent linguistic interactional routines performed among the Maasai of Arusha in Tanzania. The structure of their greetings demonstrates a number of culturally specific features of Maasai society, illuminated by analysing data collected through interviews and non-participatory observations of both men and women. The structure of Maasai greetings highlights the importance of maintaining gentility and exercising deference in everyday affairs. Politeness and civility are demonstrated by acknowledging vertical ranking between those who greet each other; sustaining propriety is determined by recognition of social status and by a heightened gender sensitivity which is ever present. Good manners are performed not only by following verbal codes scrupulously, such as tone of voice and word choice; non-verbal signals are just as important in the demonstration of Maasai etiquette; these include the posture adopted when a greeting is initiated, the adjustment of spatial distance and by whom once a greeting has commenced, the manner of shaking hands, as well as the length of time spent greeting.
Clinoconidium inouyei comb. nov. (Cryptobasidiaceae), producing galls on shoot buds of Machilus japonica in Japan

Authors: KAKISHIMA MAKOTO , SHIBATA SAHO , HIROOKA YUURI
Published: June 2020

A new combination, Clinoconidium inouyei, is proposed to accommodate Uredo inouyei (syn. Ustilago inouyei, Melanopsichium inouyei, Ustilago machili) from Japan, producing galls on shoot buds of Machilus japonica (Lauraceae). This taxonomic treatment is based on observations of gastroid sporulation in peripheral lacunae of the host galls and basidiospore morphology. This is also supported by phylogenetic analyses with LSU and ITS regions of rDNA. This species is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to C. onumae producing galls on shoot buds of Cinnamomum tenuifolium reported from Japan, but has larger basidiospores.
Going unnoticed for 40 years: about the presence of the exotic Suaeda paradoxa (Chenopodiaceae, Suaedoideae) in Argentina

Authors: JOCOU ADRIEL I. , MINUÉ CARLOS R. , BRIGNONE NICOLÁS F. , GANDULLO RICARDO
Published: June 2020

As a part of ecologic studies conducted in wetlands of Patagonia, Argentina, and in the frame of taxonomic studies within Chenopodiaceae for South America, we collected specimens of Suaeda that did not match the features to any of the species currently known to the Flora of Argentina. The aim of this contribution is to report for the first time the presence of Suaeda paradoxa in Argentina, by the means of the study of living plants and herbarium material, original descriptions, type material, and complementing with a distribution map, photos, a diagnostic key, and a comparative table to the herbaceous species of Suaeda in Argentina. Also, some comments regarding ecological and distributional features are discussed. This is the first record of S. paradoxa outside its native distribution range.
Redescriptions of three species of Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Japan
Authors: TANAKA HIROTAKA
Published: June 2020

Three Japanese species of the genus Pulvinaria Targioni Tozzetti (P. araliae Shinji, 1935, P. enkianthi Takahashi, 1955 and P. flava Takahashi, 1955) are redescribed and illustrated based on type specimens and some newly collected adult female specimens. Lectotypes are designated for P. enkianthi and P. flava from syntypes of these species and, in the absence of any original material, a neotype is designated for P. araliae using a specimen collected from the type locality. To facilitate comparisons, a table of diagnostic morphological character states of the redescribed species and the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758), is also provided.
First record of Nesomesochorinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from America north of Mexico with descriptions of two new species of Nonnus Cresson
Authors: WAHL DAVID B. , BENNETT ANDREW M.R.
Published: June 2020

The subfamily Nesomesochorinae is recorded for the first time from America north of Mexico. Two new species of Nonnus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Nesomesochorinae) are described, both from Arizona, USA and Mexico. Diagnostic characters and figures are provided to distinguish these two new species from congeners in North and Central America.
Description of Bradinopyga konkanensis sp. nov. (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae) from the coastal region of Maharashtra, India
Authors: JOSHI SHANTANU , SAWANT DATTAPRASAD
Published: June 2020

Bradinopyga konkanensis sp. nov. is described based on three males and one female collected from the coastal region of Maharashtra, India. Important characters are illustrated and compared with morphologically similar species Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur, 1842), Indothemis carnatica (Fabricius, 1798), and Indothemis limbata sita Campion, 1923. Bradinopyga konkanensis sp. nov. is so far the only Western Ghats endemic Odonata species associated with lateritic coastal habitats.
A new species of Orthetrum Newman, 1833 (Odonata: Libellulidae) from the Andaman Islands, India
Authors: BEDJANIČ M. , KALKMAN V.J. , SUBRAMANIAN K.A.
Published: June 2020

Orthetrum andamanicum sp. nov. (holotype ♂: India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, South Andaman island, Chidiyatapu, N 11.51, E 92.71; 08-xii-1998; deposited in RMNH, Leiden; RMNH.INS.1152911), is described as new to science. Based on additional photographic records, notes on mature males’ life colouration, distribution and habitat of this Andaman endemic are provided.
New species, Agnoea digitiella sp. nov., of the family Lypusidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) based on morphology and COI sequences
Authors: KIM SORA , LEE SEUNGHWAN
Published: June 2020

In this study, Agnoea digitiella Kim sp. nov. of the little known family Lypusidae are new to science. New taxonomical description and illustrations of its adult and genitalia are provided. Additionally, intra- and inter genetic divergence within the genus, and Neighbor-joining analyses are also supported that A. digitiella sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from congeneric species in the COI gene.
First record of the genus Korana Distant, 1910 (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Eurasia
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M.
Published: June 2020

Korana rorulenta (Stål, 1855) is recorded for the first time from the United Arab Emirates and Iran. Phlepsius isinus Dlabola, 1979 is placed in synonymy under K. rorulenta. Photos of external view and drawings of male genitalia for K. rorulenta are provided.
The type material of Mordellidae described by Achille Costa (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea)
Authors: SELNEKOVIČ DÁVID , IMPROTA ROBERTA
Published: June 2020

A complete list of the type material of Mordellidae described by Achille Costa is provided. Mordellistena picipes Costa, 1854 stat. restit. is restored as a valid species and a diagnostic description of the lectotype is given. Natirrica meridionalis Costa, 1854 is proposed as a new synonym of Mordellistena humeralis (Linnaeus, 1758). Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Tomoxia bucephala Costa, 1854; Mordella coronata Costa, 1854 (= Variimorda villosa (Schrank, 1781)); M. interrupta Costa, 1854 (= Variimorda villosa (Schrank, 1781)); M. brevicauda Costa, 1854 (= M. brachyura Mulsant, 1856); M. perspicillata Costa, 1854 (= Mediimorda bipunctata Germar, 1827); M. viridescens Costa, 1859; Variimorda basalis (Costa, 1854); Mordellistena stricta Costa, 1854 (= M. pumila (Gyllenhal, 1810)); M. picipes Costa, 1854; M. confinis Costa, 1854; M. minima Costa, 1854; Natirrica meridionalis Costa, 1854 (= Mordellistena humeralis (Linnaeus, 1758)). The male genitalia of the Variimorda basalis lectotype are illustrated here for the first time. Photographs of the labels are provided for the type specimens.
A new deep-sea species of Epimeria Costa in Hope, 1851 (Amphipoda, Amphilochidea, Epimeriidae) from off southwestern Mexico
Authors: WINFIELD I. , HENDRICKX M.E.
Published: June 2020

A single ovigerous female specimen of a new species of Epimeria Costa in Hope, 1851 was collected from deep sea, off southwestern Mexico, in the eastern Pacific. Epimeria karamani sp. nov., is most similar to females of E. cora J.L. Barnard, 1971, E. pacifica Gurjanova, 1995 and Epimeria morronei Winfield, Ortiz & Hendrickx, 2013. However, it differs from these species by: eyes long and slightly kidney-shaped; pleonite 3 strongly carinate, with dorsal tooth produced and acute; urosomite 1 with a wide mid-dorsal notch and a strong, upright blunt tooth; coxa 3 anterior margin slightly truncate and with two processes marginally; coxa 4 ventral margin linear, with facial granules and simple setae; gnathopods palm with distal bifid setae; telson straight medially, distal margin crenulate and with minute setae. The new species described herein increases the number of Epimeria species from the Pacific Ocean to 14, and from the eastern Pacific to three.
Annotated list of amphibian and reptile taxa described by Ilya Sergeevich Darevsky (1924–2009)
Authors: BARABANOV ANDREI V. , DORONIN IGOR V.
Published: June 2020

Ilya S. Darevsky co-described 70 taxa (three genera, 46 species, 21 subspecies) in 44 publications belonging to five orders, eight families of amphibians and reptiles during his career in herpetology. Of this number, three taxa are fossil and 57 taxa are currently considered as valid. By the regions where new taxa were discovered Southeast Asia and Western Asia (includes Caucasus and Asia Minor) dominates. The largest number of descriptions was published in the Russian Journal of Herpetology.
Electrically conductive carbon fiber layers as lightning strike protection for non-conductive epoxy-based CFRP substrate
Authors: Manomaisantiphap Siwat , Kumar Vipin , Okada Takao , Yokozeki Tomohiro
Published: June 2020

A large amount of electrically conductive fillers is needed to enhance a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) electrical conductivity enough to withstand lightning strikes of peak currents. However, such large alien constituents hamper the inherent good mechanical properties of CFRP structures. In this work, a solution has been proposed to retain both desired properties in a CFRP laminate. Layer-wise hybrid laminate has been demonstrated as a solution for lightning strike protection of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). Top few layers of a hybrid laminate are prepared using electrically conductive polymer-based resin (CF/C-POLY) to provide effective dissipation of lightning current while epoxy-based CFRP substrate (CF/Epoxy) provides the main structural strength. An insulating adhesive layer is used to bond CF/C-POLY and CF/Epoxy to prepare the laminate. The hybrid laminates were tested for their effectiveness against lightning strikes. Laminates were struck by modified lightning waveform of component A with peak current of -14 kA and -40 kA. The performance of the laminates against lightning strike were evaluated using high speed camera, high-speed and thermal camera. It is found that CF/C-POLY layer successfully defended the main structural component i.e. CF/Epoxy from lightning direct damage.
Contributions of Stepan V Lomov to the research and development of composite materials
Authors: Jain Atul , Boisse Philippe , Carvelli Valter , Gorbatikh Larissa , Ivanov Dmitry , Long Andrew , Zako Masaru , Verpoest Ignaas
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the scientific and engineering contributions of Prof. Stepan V. Lomov in a career spanning over 3 decades. Starting from his early work on the modelling of dry textiles, different aspects of composite materials have benefited from his inspiring contribution. His wide scientific curiosity drove the research on several topics, covering permeability, forming, damage, fatigue, nano-engineered composites, as well as development of analytical and numerical models at different scales. The paper presents a full spectrum of his scientific career aiming to link his achievements and the future research on composite materials.
Coins Are Cold and Cards Are Caring: The Effect of Pregiving Incentives on Charity Perceptions, Relationship Norms, and Donation Behavior
Authors: Yin Bingqing (Miranda) , Li Yexin Jessica , Singh Surendra
Published: June 2020

Charities often include low-value monetary (e.g., coins) and nonmonetary (e.g., greeting cards) pregiving incentives (PGIs) in their donation request letters. Yet little is known about how donors respond to this marketing strategy. In seven studies, including two large-scale field experiments, the authors demonstrate that the effectiveness of PGIs depends on the organization’s goals. People are more likely to open and read a letter containing a monetary PGI (vs. a nonmonetary PGI or no PGI). In addition, monetary PGIs increase response rates in donor acquisition campaigns. However, the return on investment for direct mail campaigns drops significantly when PGIs are included. Furthermore, average donations for appeals with a nonmonetary PGI or no PGI are similar, while those with a monetary PGI are actually lower than when a nonmonetary PGI or no PGI is included. This is because monetary PGIs increase exchange norms while decreasing communal norms. This effect remains significant when accounting for alternative explanations such as manipulative intent and the anchoring and adjustment heuristic.
The value of non-invasive computed tomography coronary angiography in imaging patients with coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Krysztofiak T , Ahmad F , Adams J , Stobo DB , Good R , Byrne J
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is associated with higher complication rates in patients following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). CT coronary angiography (CTCA) has emerged as an attractive alternative. We assessed the impact of CTCA on subsequent ICA.

Methods

We identified 213 CABG patients undergoing CTCA between 2015 and 2018. In 151 the indication was suspected recurrence of angina. We then identified patients undergoing ICA within 1 year of CTCA.

Results

CTCA obviated the need for ICA in 115 cases (76%). CTCA was better at identifying targets for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to saphenous vein grafts (SVG’s) than to native vessels (89% vs 47%). 7 out of 10 lesions of “probable” significance by CTCA proved flow-limiting, and 4 out of 13 “indeterminate” lesions. CTCA concordance was 97% for left internal mammary (LIMA) grafts.

Conclusion

CTCA directed management in a majority of patients without ICA. It identified a cohort of patients likely to be candidates for SVG PCI, but was less effective in identifying PCI targets in the native vessels. CTCA renders invasive LIMA cannulation redundant unless a target lesion is suspected.
Non-HPV-Related Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Patient Cohort
Authors: Dougherty Michael I. , Dougherty William , Kain Joshua J. , Hughley Brian B. , Shonka David C. , Fedder Katherine L. , Jameson Mark J.
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is rare in patients younger than 40 years. Many practitioners suspect HNSCC is a more aggressive disease in this age group, and perhaps increasing in incidence; however, there are scant and conflicting data to support this assertion. We sought to compare outcomes for young patients with non-human papillomavirus (HPV)–related HNSCC to those of older patients.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review of patients with HNSCC treated from 2004 to 2016 at 2 tertiary referral centers. Patients aged 18 to 40 with p16-negative HNSCC were included in the young patient cohort (n = 59). A randomly selected stage- and subsite-matched cohort aged 55 to 65 was analyzed for comparison (n = 114).

Results:

When considering all patients with HNSCC, patients younger than 40 were more likely to have oral tongue cancer (62.7%) compared to patients age 55 to 65 (16.9%). When an older patient cohort was stage- and subsite-matched to the young patient cohort, there were more never smokers (49.2% vs 17.5% of older patients, P < .01) and females (40.7% vs 24.6% of older patients, P = .028) in the young patient group. The young patient cohort had better average overall survival than the older group (14.4 vs 8.1 years, respectively, P = .02), but similar average disease-free survival (6.2 years vs 6.6 years, respectively, P = .67); 50.9% of young patients had tumors with adverse histologic features versus 42.0% of older patients ( P = .28). The young patients demonstrated a superior average conditional survival after recurrence (9.8 years vs 3.2 years for older patients, P < .01).

Conclusions:

Despite the limitations of study design, these data suggest that young patients who develop non-HPV-related HNSCC tend to have similarly aggressive disease, but longer overall survival and better survival after recurrence. These findings may be attributable to better overall health as evidenced by fewer comorbidities.
One Group’s Advantage or Another Group’s Disadvantage? How Comparative Framing Shapes Explanations of, and Reactions to, Workplace Gender Inequality
Authors: Bruckmüller Susanne , Braun Maike
Published: June 2020

Gender inequality is usually described as women’s disadvantage, only rarely as men’s advantage. Moreover, it is often illustrated by metaphors such as the glass ceiling—an invisible barrier to women’s career advancement—metaphors that often also focus on women’s disadvantage. Two studies ( N = 228; N = 495) examined effects of these different ways of framing gender inequality. Participants read about gender inequality in leadership with a focus on either women or men, and either without a metaphor ( women underrepresented vs. men overrepresented) or with a women-focused or men-focused metaphor ( glass ceiling/ labyrinth vs. old boys’ club). Metaphors caused participants to perceive gender inequality as (somewhat) more important. Regardless of metaphor use, women-focused descriptions led to more explanations of inequality focusing on women relative to explanations focusing on men, as well as to more suggestions of interventions targeting women at the expense of interventions aimed at systemic changes.
Big data and explanation: Reflections on the uses of big data in media and communication research
Authors: Helles Rasmus , Ørmen Jacob
Published: June 2020

In the article, we argue that the advent of data mining techniques and big data in media and communication studies present problems that involve fundamental methodological questions, requiring us to revisit existing ways in which the link between theory, operationalization and data are explained and justified. We note that the discourse of instrumental optimization that surrounds big data clouds epistemic debates about their appropriate integration in scholarly explanations, and argue that a discussion of these problems can usefully depart from a distinction between the two main types of data mining models (supervised and unsupervised). We argue that both types pose specific challenges and give examples of ways they have been productively overcome. In particular, we argue that while big data approaches have introduced novel opportunities for research, they have fundamentally been incorporated into media and communication studies in ways that comply with existing, prototypical explanatory schemes. Our examples link specific empirical studies to general strategies of scientific explanation, focusing on neo-positivist, critical realist and interpretivist explanations.
Cerebral perfusion is associated with blast exposure in military personnel without moderate or severe TBI
Authors: Sullivan Danielle R , Miller Mark W , Wolf Erika J , Logue Mark W , Robinson Meghan E , Fortier Catherine B , Fonda Jennifer R , Wang Danny JJ , Milberg William P , McGlinchey Regina E , Salat David H
Published: June 2020

Due to the use of improvised explosive devices, blast exposure and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have become hallmark injuries of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. Although the mechanisms of the effects of blast on human neurobiology remain active areas of investigation, research suggests that the cerebrovasculature may be particularly vulnerable to blast via molecular processes that impact cerebral blood flow. Given that recent work suggests that blast exposure, even without a subsequent TBI, may have negative consequences on brain structure and function, the current study sought to further understand the effects of blast exposure on perfusion. One hundred and eighty military personnel underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging and completed diagnostic and clinical interviews. Whole-brain analyses revealed that with an increasing number of total blast exposures, there was significantly increased perfusion in the right middle/superior frontal gyri, supramarginal gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and posterior cingulate cortex as well as bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, insulae, middle/superior temporal gyri and occipital poles. Examination of other neurotrauma and clinical variables such as close-range blast exposures, mTBI, and PTSD yielded no significant effects. These results raise the possibility that perfusion may be an important neural marker of brain health in blast exposure.
Displacement uncertainties with multiview correlation schemes
Authors: Hild François , Roux Stéphane
Published: June 2020

Multiview correlation is based on the use of explicitly parameterizing surfaces whose deformation is to be measured. In the present analyses, the surfaces are modeled as triangular facets (for local approaches), and with finite-element meshes (for global approaches) using a linear interpolation between nodal displacements. Displacement uncertainty due to the presence of noise in the images is considered. The noise floor levels of the latter are compared for both local and global cases with two different sets of pictures. A priori estimates based on the Hessian of the registration procedure are derived analytically, and a simplified expression is provided that is shown to be in very good agreement with their a posteriori evaluations. The uncertainty difference between local and global approaches is interpreted from their different spatial resolutions.