bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent software defined networking: Long short term memory‐graded rated unit enabled block‐attack model to tackle distributed denial of service attacks
Authors: Jagtap Monica Murlidhar , Saravanan Renuka Devi
Published: July 2022

Software defined networking (SDN) is the next‐generation network. SDN enhances the programming flexibility, speed and automation to improve the network's performance. In recent times SDN has played a vital role in networking technology. It communicates with underlying hardware infrastructure and directs traffic on a network. The most complicated issue in SDN is the control plane's single point of failure (SPF). The main reason for raising the SPF problem in SDN by distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The network collapses during failures in SDN, and the control plane is considered a management controller. Therefore, a novel intrusion detection and prevention system (IDPS) is proposed in the proposed approach to address SDN's problems mentioned above. In the proposed approach, a long short term memory (LSTM) and graded rated unit (GRU) deep learning model is proposed as the “Block‐Attack” model. The main objective of using LSTM and GRU in the proposed approach is to enhance the rate of accuracy in detecting DDoS attacks in an SDN environment. The CICDDoS2019 dataset is used for experimental result analysis in the proposed approach. Initially, the dataset is fed into the preprocessing stage. Using the K‐medoid technique, raw datasets are preprocessed to reduce the model's sensitivity to low density. In the proposed approach, the support vector machine based machine learning (SVM‐ML) technique is utilized to prevent DDoS attacks in a Mininet‐based emulation. Then, LSTM and GRU deep learning (DL) techniques are used to define the block‐attack model to enhance the detection performance. The experimental results of the proposed approach “Block‐Attack” model attain 98.5% of accuracy to detect and prevent the DDoS attacks and 95.5% of accuracy for SVM based method.
Dual epigenetic agents plus rituximab–gemcitabine–oxaliplatin as salvage treatment in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients failure of salvage chemotherapy
Authors: Qu Changju , Ping Nana , Kong Danqing , Liu Aining , Liu Hailing , Xu Ting , Xia Fan , Wu Depei , Jin Zhengming
Published: July 2022

Refractory/relapsed (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients' failure of salvage chemotherapy had extremely worse prognoses. Herein, 14 R/R DLBCL patients failed to salvage chemotherapy were exposed to dual epigenetic agents (Chidamide 30 mg biw*2w and Decitabine 10 mg/m2 qd*d1–d5) and sequential R‐GemOx (rituximab 375 mg/m2 qd d6; gemcitabine 1 g/m2 d7, d14; and oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 d7) for further salvage chemotherapy. Finally, 11/14(78.6%) patients achieved overall response with 6/14(42.9%) achieving complete remission and 2‐year overall survival (OS)/progression free survival (PFS) rate was 42.7%, extremely higher than reported previously. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that 2‐year OS/PFS rate was significantly higher in patients achieved complete/partial remission or with low international prognosis index (IPI 0–2) than that in patients with steady disease or high IPI (3–5). Common grade 3–4 adverse events were hematological toxicities. All toxicities were transient and reversible. Our report implicates that combination of dual epigenetic agents and R‐GemOx is a safe and promising alternative for R/R DLBCL patients.
Long‐term follow‐up and health‐related quality of life among cancer survivors with stage IEA orbital‐type lymphoma after external photon‐beam radiotherapy: Results from a longitudinal study
Authors: Hoffmann Christian , Rating Philipp , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Eckstein Anja , Sokolenko Ekaterina , Jabbarli Leyla , Westekemper Henrike , Mohr Christopher , Schmeling Claus , Huettmann Andreas , von Tresckow Julia , Göricke Sophia , Deuschl Cornelius , Johansson Patricia , Poettgen Christoph , Gauler Thomas , Guberina Nika , Moliavi Sourour , Stuschke Martin , Guberina Maja
Published: July 2022

We assessed the long‐term outcomes and treatment‐related adverse effects of patients with Stage I, “orbital‐type” lymphomas that were uniformly treated with photons. All consecutive patients diagnosed with low‐grade, Ann Arbor Stage IEA orbital lymphoma treated between 1999 and 2020 at our department were retrospectively reviewed. We excluded patients with exclusive conjunctival involvement, typically treated with en face electrons. In order to quantify radiotherapy related side effects we applied the CTCAE criteria, analyzed changes in visual acuity, quantified dry eye symptoms by use of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score and applied the EORTC QLQ‐C30 questionnaire for quality of life (QoL) assessment. In total 66 eyes of 62 patients were irradiated with a median dose of 30.6 Gy. The median follow‐up was 43.5 months. The predominant histological subtype were MALT lymphomas. No local failure occurred in this cohort. Of nine outfield relapses, six solely occurred in the contralateral eye. The 5‐ and 10‐ years distant progression free survival rates (PFS) were 81.4% and 63.5%. The 5‐ and 10‐years overall survival rates were 85.1% and 71.9% without any tumor related death. Of the acute toxicities none was higher than CTCAE grade 1. The predominant late toxicities were dry eyes (21.2%) of CTCAE Grade <2 and radiation induced cataracts (19.7%). During long‐term follow up the average visual acuity did not deteriorate. The global QoL was worst before treatment and improved significantly after 24 months (p = 0.007). External beam radiotherapy of “orbital‐type” lymphomas with photons is an effective and gentle treatment option with excellent local control rates. From the high control rates the trend to use slightly lower total doses of 24–27 Gy with conventional fractionation is supported. As non‐coplanar radiotherapy techniques improved and total doses can slightly be reduced, the current status of radiotherapy as first line therapy is provided.
Barriers to accessing health care among young people in 30 low‐middle income countries
Authors: Nachiappan Nitish , Mackinnon Shona , Ndayizeye Jean P. , Greenfield Geva , Hargreaves Dougal
Published: July 2022

Background

Previous studies focusing on high‐income countries have shown that young people often face greater barriers to accessing healthcare than older adults. However, in low‐middle income countries (LMICs), there have been a paucity of cross‐country, quantitative studies highlighting these barriers.

Aim

This exploratory study aims to provide a scoping review of the publicly available Demographic and Heath Survey (DHS) data with a view to form the basis for further work.

Materials and methods

Data on insurance coverage, agency, and access to evidence‐based family planning from 30 countries in the DHS were compared between age groups. Data on 586,250 participants 15–24 years (33% male) and 854,660 participants 25–49 years (16% male) from 30 LMICs were analyzed.

Results

Significantly greater barriers to accessing healthcare were observed across six variables in younger population when compared to older adults across all survey questions with an average of 8.4% point difference. Also, there was wide country‐level variation: the maximum differences between age groups were 33% points; Rwanda was the only country with no age differences.

Discussion

This study highlights several possible themes for future research into improving access to healthcare for young people. These themes include more detailed evaluation of country‐specific policies to reduced barriers to healthcare for young people and further research into the causative factors that can influence healthcare utilization by young people.

Conclusion

Our analysis showcases increased barriers to healthcare access for young people in LMICs. We argue that they can only be improved by targeted policies and direct community engagement.
Inhibition of hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1α‐mediated autophagy enhances the in vitro antitumor activity of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Yao Chuanshan , Wang Feng
Published: July 2022

A hypoxic microenvironment results in significantly elevated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) level in pancreatic cancer. HIF‐1 functions to maintain the survival of cancer cells. The present study was performed to investigate whether inhibition of HIF‐1α expression was involved in the in vitro antitumor effect of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells and to explore the underlying mechanism. sh‐RNA knockout technique and western blotting were used to investigate the role of HIF‐1α in autophagy activation in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells. The survival and glycolysis were assessed using MTT assay and colorimetric kits, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated by detecting the levels of apoptosis‐related proteins using western blotting. Among the five pancreatic cancer cell lines, MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells were more sensitive to hypoxia‐induced autophagy. HIF‐1α regulated hypoxia‐induced autophagy in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells. Treatment with rhein inhibited the survival and suppressed glycolysis in MiaPaCa‐2 and PANC‐1 cells exposed to hypoxia. Bafilomycin A1 enhanced the suppressive effects of rhein on cell survival and glycolysis under hypoxia. Treatment with rhein, but not bafilomycin A1, significantly reduced HIF‐1α expression. In conclusion, inhibition of HIF‐1α‐mediated autophagy enhances the in vitro antitumor activity of rhein in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia.
CdTe quantum dots trigger oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis and autophagy in rat Schwann cell line RSC96
Authors: Bai Changcun , Yao Yongshuai , Wang Zhihui , Huang Xiaoquan , Wei Tingting , Zou Lingyue , Liu Na , Zhang Ting , Tang Meng
Published: July 2022

In the current study, the cytotoxicity and mechanisms of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) on RSC96 cells were evaluated by exposing different doses of CdTe QDs for 24 h. Two types of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy, as well as two important organelles, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, were focused after CdTe QDs exposure. The results showed that CdTe QDs induced apoptosis in RSC96 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner; promoted the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species; decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential; caused the release of cytochrome c; and also increased the expression of Bcl‐2 associated X protein, caspase‐3, and cytochrome c proteins and decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 protein. Further results also confirmed that CdTe QDs could be internalized by RSC96 cells, and the exposure and internalization of CdTe QDs could induce excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress in the cells, and the expression levels of binding immunoglobulin protein, C/EBP homologous protein, and caspase12 proteins were increased in a concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, autophagy‐related proteins LC3II, Beclin1, and P62 all increased after CdTe QDs exposure, suggesting that CdTe QDs exposure both promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited autophagosome degradation, and that CdTe QDs affected the autophagic flow in RSC96 cells. In conclusion, CdTe QDs are able to cause apoptosis and autophagy in RSC96 cells through mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways, and the possible neurotoxicity of CdTe QDs should be further investigated.
Multilayer diffusion modeling and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy for spatially resolved water diffusion measurements in human skin
Authors: Iachina Irina , Lomholt Michael A. , Eriksen Johannes H. , Brewer Jonathan R.
Published: July 2022

In this work using Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering microscopy, it was possible to directly measure the time dependent, spatially resolved change in concentration of water (D2O) in intact skin tissue with a spatial resolution of under 1 μm, and combined with a multilayer diffusion model, diffusion coefficients at different depths in the tissue were extracted. The results show that the diffusion varies at different layers throughout the Stratum Corneum (SC), indicating that the SC is not a homogeneous barrier but a complicated heterogeneous structure. Interestingly, averaging over the diffusion at the different depths and samples gave a relatively constant value of 0.047 ± 0.01 μm2/second. Treating the skin with acetone or tape stripping led to an increased diffusion coefficient of 0.064 ± 0.02 μm2/second and 0.079 ± 0.03 μm2/second, respectively. The combined method and model presented here shows potential for wide applications for measuring spatially resolved diffusion of different substances in a variety of different samples.
G-CSF Receptor Deletion Amplifies Cortical Bone Dysfunction in Mice With STAT3 Hyperactivation in Osteocytes
Authors: Isojima Tsuyoshi , Walker Emma C , Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E , Wicks Ian P , Gooi Jonathan H , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A
Published: July 2022

Bone strength is determined by the structure and composition of its thickened outer shell (cortical bone), yet the mechanisms controlling cortical consolidation are poorly understood. Cortical bone maturation depends on SOCS3-mediated suppression of IL-6 cytokine-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in osteocytes, the cellular network embedded in bone matrix. Because SOCS3 also suppresses granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) signaling, we here tested whether global G-CSFR (Csf3r) ablation altereed bone structure in male and female mice lacking SOCS3 in osteocytes, (Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice). Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice were generated by crossing Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice with Csf3r−/− mice. Although G-CSFR is not expressed in osteocytes, Csf3r deletion further delayed cortical consolidation in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f mice. Micro-CT images revealed extensive, highly porous low-density bone, with little true cortex in the diaphysis, even at 26 weeks of age; including more low-density bone and less high-density bone in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice than controls. By histology, the area where cortical bone would normally be found contained immature compressed trabecular bone in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice and greater than normal levels of intracortical osteoclasts, extensive new woven bone formation, and the presence of more intracortical blood vessels than the already high levels observed in Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f controls. qRT-PCR of cortical bone from Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f:Csf3r−/− mice also showed more than a doubling of mRNA levels for osteoclasts, osteoblasts, RANKL, and angiogenesis markers. The further delay in cortical bone maturation was associated with significantly more phospho-STAT1 and phospho-STAT3-positive osteocytes, and a threefold increase in STAT1 and STAT3 target gene mRNA levels, suggesting G-CSFR deletion further increases STAT signaling beyond that of Dmp1Cre:Socs3f/f bone. G-CSFR deficiency therefore promotes STAT1/3 signaling in osteocytes, and when SOCS3 negative feedback is absent, elevated local angiogenesis, bone resorption, and bone formation delays cortical bone consolidation. This points to a critical role of G-CSF in replacing condensed trabecular bone with lamellar bone during cortical bone formation. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Simple Evaluation of Singlet Fission Couplings for Interacting Dimer Systems
Authors: Sun Jing , Huang Chun‐Chuan , Cheng Yuan‐Chung
Published: July 2022

Singlet fission (SF) could potentially generate two triplet excitations from the absorption of a single photon, which can be applied to significantly enhance the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. Efficiency of SF for molecular dimers depend on couplings between electronic configurations, however, available theoretical methods for quantitative evaluations of these couplings often require high computational cost and thus it is still difficult to explore geometrical dependence of SF performance for molecular dimers. Herein, we present a direct derivation of the couplings relevant to SF process on the basis of rigorously localized dimeric orbitals. We then systematically show that the SF rates can be correlated with a SF overlap factor that can be easily evaluated from monomeric molecular orbitals. Furthermore, we demonstrate the validity of the overlap factor as a quantitative descriptor of effective SF coupling based on comparative studies on slip‐stacked ethylene and tetracene dimers. With the validity confirmed, we applied the descriptor to investigate a large family of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to reveal dimer geometries that could potentially exhibit highly efficient SF. Our results provide a theoretical tool that could significant increase the speed and reliability of the discovery process for efficient organic SF materials.
Defining existing practices to support the sleep of hospitalized patients: A mixed‐methods study of top‐ranked hospitals
Authors: Affini Murtala I. , Arora Vineet M. , Gulati Jasmine , Mason Noah , Klein Aviva , Cho Hyung J. , Clarke Karen , Lee Vivian , McDaniel Lauren M. , Orlov Nicola M.
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to understand the existing practices and attitudes regarding inpatient sleep at the 2020 US News and World Report (USNWR) Honor Roll pediatric (n = 10) and adult (n = 20) hospitals. Section chiefs of Hospital Medicine from these institutions were surveyed and interviewed between June and August 2021. Among 23 of 30 surveyed physician leaders (response rate = 77%), 96% (n = 22) rated patient sleep as important, but only 43% (n = 10) were satisfied with their institutions' efforts. A total of 96% (n = 22) of institutions lack sleep equity practices. Fewer than half (48%) of top hospitals have sleep‐friendly practices, with the most common practices including reducing overnight vital sign monitoring (43%), decreasing ambient light in the wards (43%), adjusting lab and medication schedules (35%), and implementing quiet hours (30%). Major themes from qualitative interviews included: importance of universal sleep‐friendly cultures, environmental changes, and external incentives to improve patient sleep.
Association between periodontal disease, tooth extraction, and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw in women receiving bisphosphonates: A national cohort‐based study
Authors: Kwoen Min‐Jeong , Park Jung‐Hyun , Kim Keun‐Suh , Lee Jae‐Ryun , Kim Jin‐Woo , Lee Hyejin , Lee Hyo‐Jung
Published: July 2022

Background

We investigated whether periodontal diseases contribute to the development of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in addition to tooth extraction, which is a major risk factor for MRONJ occurrence.

Methods

This retrospective, nationwide cohort study was performed using South Korea's National Health Insurance Service database on women aged > 50 years who took bisphosphonates for at least 1 year between 2010 and 2015. MRONJ, periodontal disease, and tooth extraction were defined using the claims data.

Results

Among the 27,168 patients analyzed, the incidence of confirmed MRONJ was significantly higher in the periodontal disease group (0.58%) than in the nonperiodontal disease group (0.31%). While extraction alone showed an increased risk of MRONJ development (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–3.52), periodontal disease without tooth extraction also indicated a similar risk (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.86–3.28); when a history of both periodontal disease and tooth extraction was present, the HR significantly increased to 2.55 (95% CI: 1.41–4.64).

Conclusions

The risk of MRONJ increased significantly when tooth extraction was performed in patients diagnosed with periodontal disease; therefore, periodontal diseases should be proactively managed in patients taking bisphosphonates.
Bacteria‐induced amino acid metabolism involved in appearance characteristics of high‐temperature Daqu
Authors: Zhang Yuandi , Shen Yi , Niu Jiao , Ding Fang , Ren Ying , Chen Xiaoxue , Han Bei‐Zhong
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Significant changes occurd in Daqu bricks on the 15th day of incubation, and brick color (yellow, brown, or dark) is generally used as a standard for quality evaluation by experienced workers. This study aimed to explore the basis behind the phenomenon through multi‐omics studies. The physicochemical properties of different high‐temperature Daqu were compared. Furthermore, PacBio sequencing and the ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatographic–Q‐exactive–mass spectrometric approach were employed to analyze the differences in the microbiome and metabolome among different Daqu samples.

RESULTS

Bacillus was the biomarker of yellow Daqu, Thermoactinomyces and Thermoascus were the key genera in brown Daqu, and Burkholderiales, Sphingomonas, and Ralstonia were biomarkers in dark Daqu. The physicochemical characteristics (especially the color values) of different high‐temperature Daqu showed strong correlations with the bacterial alpha diversity and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial genera. Amino acid metabolism pathways including tryptophan metabolism, β‐alanine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were the key factors resulting in the characteristic differences where Bacillus, Burkholderia, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas were pivotal bacterial genera. The relative abundance of Bacillus had a positive correlation with the content of 3‐hydroxykynurenamine, l‐glutamic acid, and pantothenic acid, while it showed a negative correlation with indoleacetic acid, l‐tryptophan, N‐acetylserotonin, l‐histidine, l‐aspartic acid, phosphatidylserine, 5‐methoxyindoleacetate, and L‐serine. Burkholderia, Ralstonia, and Sphingomonas had the opposite effects.

CONCLUSION

Microbes play different roles in amino acid metabolism pathways, producing different metabolites, contributing to the differences in Daqu appearance and quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of resource selection on nonbreeding season mortality of mallards
Authors: Palumbo Matthew D. , Petrie Scott A. , Schummer Michael L. , Rubin Benjamin D. , Benson John F.
Published: July 2022

Relationships between individual resource selection strategies and fitness are difficult to quantify at large spatial scales. These links are important for understanding the potential effects of management on population‐level processes. We modeled the degree to which selection of specific landscape features altered mortality risk of female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) during the non‐breeding season. We used individual resource selection estimates from adult female mallards equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) backpack transmitters (n = 56) in the Lake St. Clair region of southwestern Ontario, Canada, in August of 2014 and 2015. We determined the fate of individuals between August and January and used time‐to‐event analyses to model survival over 158 days. Furthermore, we investigated how diurnal and nocturnal resource selection and year were related to mortality risk. The survival rate for the adult female mallards was 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42–0.77). Resource types were combinations of land class types (e.g., water, marsh, flooded agriculture, supplemental feeding areas, and dry agriculture) important to mallards and varying levels of risk from anthropogenic disturbance ranging from inviolate refuges to publicly accessed areas where we predicted mortality risk to be greatest. Our results suggest that water that the public can access (i.e., public water) influenced mortality risk during multiple seasons. Specifically, selection of public water by female mallards reduced mortality risk diurnally during the non‐hunting period (hazard ratio = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48–0.96) but increased mortality risk during the first half of the hunting period (hazard ratio = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.08–2.20). Our research highlights that individual selection strategies by ducks within this landscape can influence mortality risk.
Advancing Achievements Through Increasing Collaboration in Ocean Sciences Research
Authors: Sharuga Stephanie M. , Elliton Courtney E. , Easterday Jacy M.
Published: July 2022

Ocean sciences research is highly complex and requires large investments of time and funding. There is global recognition that collaboration, partnerships, and sharing of resources are key in ocean sciences research. Collaborations among government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, academia, and industry are underutilized, leading to unnecessary duplication of research efforts, missed opportunities, and inefficient use of funding and time. One of the underpinnings of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) is the generation of scientific knowledge, infrastructure, and partnerships needed for sustainable development of the ocean. This was also a major theme at the 2022 Ocean Sciences Meeting, where a town hall and workshop event were held to discuss challenges and barriers to collaboration in ocean sciences research and possible opportunities and solutions that exist to address them. The goal was to foster discussions among a diverse group of individuals from a variety of organizations on how to advance achievements in ocean sciences through increasing collaboration. This article summarizes discussion from the events, along with written comments and survey results from the participants.
The Strain‐Modulated Single‐Mode Laser of Perovskite Microsheets with Grooves on Ultrathin Flexible Mica
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lu Xinle , Sun Liaoxin , Liu Qingquan , Zhao Xinchao , Ma Lei , Ge Anping , Wang Shaowei , Shen Xuechu , Lu Wei
Published: July 2022

Inorganic perovskites have become a widely investigated candidate for fabrication of high‐performance micro‐devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and stability to the environment. Especially, their excellent lasing characteristics as a micro/nanolaser source, combined with flexible substrates, have great potential in the field of wearable or foldable photonic device applications. Here, the high‐quality CsPbBr3 perovskite microsheets with stress‐induced grooves are directly prepared on the ultrathin fluorine mica by the chemical vapor deposition method, and the single‐mode lasers are realized in these large‐size (>15 × 15 µm) microsheets. Thanks to the flexibility of mica, bending induced tensile strain on CsPbBr3 microsheet causes the laser mode blueshift continuously and reversibly with 15.3 meV %−1, this can be well explained by the Lorentz oscillator model under lasing conditions. Furthermore, by using the first‐principles calculation, it is clarified that the bandedge blueshift originates from the distortion of {PbBr6}4− octahedra and the consequential increase of the bond length of Pb‐Br3 and the Pb‐Br3‐Pb bond angle. This work opens up a new way to realize on‐chip single‐mode lasers with microstructures, and is helpful for the application of flexible photonic device in the fields of integrated on‐chip sensors.
Consistent Abnormalities in Metabolic Patterns of Lewy Body Dementias
Authors: Lu Jiaying , Ge Jingjie , Chen Keliang , Sun Yimin , Liu Fengtao , Yu Huan , Xu Qian , Li Ling , Ju Zizhao , Lin Huamei , Guan Yihui , Guo Qihao , Wang Jian , Zuo Chuantao , Wu Ping
Published: July 2022

Background

Whether dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia (PDD) represent the same disease, distinct entities, or conditions within the same spectrum remains controversial.

Objective

The objective of this study was to provide new insight into this debate by separately identifying disease‐specific metabolic patterns and comparing them with each other and with previously established PD‐related pattern (PDRP).

Methods

Patients with DLB (n = 67), patients with PDD (n = 50), and healthy control subjects (HCs; n = 15) with brain 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were enrolled as cohorts A and B for pattern identification and validation, respectively. Patients with PD (n = 30) were included for discrimination. Twenty‐one participants had two scans. The principal component analysis was applied for pattern identification (DLB‐related pattern [DLBRP], PDD‐related pattern [PDDRP]). Similarities and differences among three patterns were assessed by pattern topography, pattern expression, clinical correlations cross‐sectionally, and pattern expression changes longitudinally.

Results

DLBRP and PDDRP shared highly similar topographies, with relative hypometabolism mainly in the middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, precuneus, cuneus, angular gyrus, superior and inferior parietal gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyrus, cingulate, and caudate, and relative hypermetabolism in the cerebellum, putamen, thalamus, precentral/postcentral gyrus, and paracentral lobule, which were more extensive than the PDRP. Patients with DLB and PDD could not be distinguished successfully by any pattern, but patients with PD were easily recognized, especially by DLBRP and PDDRP. The pattern expression of DLBRP and PDDRP showed similar efficacy in cross‐sectional disease severity assessment and longitudinal progression monitoring.

Conclusions

The consistent abnormalities in metabolic patterns of DLB and PDD might underline the potential continuum across the clinical spectrum from PD to DLB. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Low‐cost compact omnidirectional antenna for tri‐band Wi‐Fi 6E applications
Authors: Cao Zhongyao , Wei Kunpeng , Zhang Zhijun
Published: July 2022

In this paper, a low‐cost compact omnidirectional antenna is presented. By directly folding a rectangular‐shaped copper plate into an open‐loop structure, two resonant modes are generated for tri‐band operation. The shape of the rectangular has the highest yield in stamping processes for massive production. Two shorting stubs are loaded symmetrically to reduce the height of the antenna while keeping omnidirectional radiation. Moreover, a compact ground is utilized, making it more suitable to be installed on the PCB of routers. To validate the design, a prototype has been fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidths are 2.38–2.52 GHz (4.90%) and 4.16–7.40 GHz (56.06%). The gain variation in the whole operating band is less than 2.5 dB. The antenna profile and ground size are miniaturized to 0.14λ0 and 0.52λ0, respectively. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for Wi‐Fi 6 and 6E routers, with the merits of low cost, compact size, and ease of massive production.
Mixed economy and dried foods: Dental indicators reveal Heishuiguo Han Dynasty population's environmental adaptation to the semi‐arid region of northwestern China
Authors: Xiong Jianxue , Chen Guoke , Yang Yishi , Meng Hailiang , Storozum Michael , Allen Edward , Wang Hui , Wen Shaoqing
Published: July 2022

Situated in the middle Hexi corridor, a vital passage of the ancient Silk Road, the Heishuiguo site was a military town on the northwestern frontier of the Han Dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE). To understand the lifestyle of the Heishuiguo population, levels of dental caries and tooth wear were assessed. Archaeological findings and historical records revealed a mixed subsistence strategy dependent upon agricultural production and domesticated animals at Heishuiguo. This was also supported by evidence from stable isotope analysis. Teeth are an excellent material for the reconstruction of ancient diet, subsistence strategies, and social behavior. The rate of dental caries in the Heishuiguo population fell into the range of mixed economic population. Tooth wear analysis, however, shows a conflicting result. Anterior tooth wear is particularly severe at Heishuiguo, indicating subsistence practices similar to hunter‐gatherers and modern Xinjiang Kazakhs. As a major Han garrison, the majority of the Heishuiguo populace were either immigrants or the descendants of immigrants. Their diet, with rich nutritional value, portability, and adapted to long‐term preservation needs, suited environmental requirements at Heishuiguo. However, these foods generally required heavier use of cutting and tearing motions with the anterior teeth. Frequent occlusion (alignment) as a result of such actions resulted in severe tooth wear. Such tooth wear may be attributed to a preference for tough, dry foods, such asnangcake along the Heishuiguo population, as well abundant meat consumption. Such a dietary culture resulted from the hot and dry climate, complex geographical conditions, and abundant resources at Heishuiguo. The result was that a unique lifestyle and dietary culture gradually formed at Heishuiguo due to this creative adaptation to the local environment.
Severe traumatic lesions in the Late Neolithic cattle from the site of At‐Vršac, Serbia
Authors: Marković Nemanja , Bulatović Jelena , Krstić Nikola , Marinković Darko , Pantović Ivana , Russell Nerissa , Rothschild Bruce , Marić Miroslav
Published: July 2022

This paper aims to assess the etiology and differential diagnosis of severe pathological lesions in wild and domestic cattle from the Late Neolithic site of At‐Vršac in the northeast part of the present‐day Serbia. Excavations of this multilayered site revealed the remains of a Late Neolithic settlement belonging to the Vinča culture network of the Central Balkans. An aurochs metacarpal bone, two domestic cattle fragments of fused ulna and radius and of tibia, all with massive bone proliferations were recovered during the archaeological excavations in 1976. Paleopathological study was undertaken using an interdisciplinary approach, including AMS dating, radiography, computed tomography (CT), and histopathology. The results show severe oblique healed fracture with secondary pronounced bone reaction in the aurochs metacarpal bone and in the domestic cattle ulna–radius, while traumatic alteration infected with disseminated osteomyelitis was found in the domestic cattle tibia. These pathologies of wild and domestic cattle are discussed to reveal the level of environmental and human influence on the origin and development of the lesions in the Late Neolithic cattle.
Optimization of electromagnetic shielding and mechanical properties of reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane composite foam
Authors: Oraby Hussein , Naeem Ibrahim , Darwish Mohammad , Senna Magdy H. , Tantawy Hesham Ramzy
Published: July 2022

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is an effective polymer filler for shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI). Its shielding efficiency rises as its concentration in polymer matrices increases. However, higher filler loading impedes polymer foaming and deteriorates the mechanical properties of the resulting foam. The goal of this work is to determine the optimal RGO concentration that can be loaded into polyurethane (PU) matrix to produce a composite foam with a high level of electromagnetic shielding along with good mechanical properties. To that end, different PU foam samples containing varying amounts of RGO were synthesized. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra‐red (FT/IR) and universal testing machine. Furthermore, the shielding efficiency of the samples was measured using a vector network analyzer over the frequency range of 8–12 GHz. The results revealed that the increase in RGO concentration enhances the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared composite foam materials. The shielding effectiveness reached −23 dB at 5 wt% RGO concentration. The polyurethane‐RGO composite foam materials have been identified as potentially viable materials for use in electromagnetic shielding applications.
Effects of preoperative walking on bowel function recovery for patients undergoing gynecological malignancy laparoscopy
Authors: Xia Xiaoli , Ding Guirong , Shi Lingyun , Wang Meixiang , Tian Jing
Published: July 2022

To investigate effects of preoperative walking on bowel function recovery for patients after gynecological malignancy laparoscopy. The 156 patients with gynecoligical cancers after laparoscopy in Jiangsu from June 2020 to September 2021 were selected as research subjects, who were randomized into an experimental group (n = 78) and a control group (n = 78). Both of the groups received routine nursing care during the study. In addition, the experimental group underwent low‐moderate intensity walking exercise 1 week before surgery. The bowel function (including the time of first defecation, the time of first passage of flatus/”gas‐out time” and the recovery time of bowel sound), adverse events (nausea, vomiting abdominal distension and abdominal pain), as well as postoperative complications (ileus symptoms, deep venous thrombosis, infections and etc.), were measured daily. The time of first defecation, the time of first passage of flatus and the recovery time of bowel sound in experimental group were less than the control group after treatment (p < .05). Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the adverse reactions (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and ileus symptoms) of the experimental group were weaker than those of the control group at different time points after the intervention (p < .05). Walking before surgery can effectively promote the recovery of bowel function and reduce the adverse reactions, as well as the risk of ileus related to gynecological malignancy laparoscopy.
Ventdef: A new engineering model for vented gas deflagration based on NFPA 68 (2018)
Authors: Shen Amy , Miller Derek
Published: July 2022

Hydrogen production and storage equipment are often located inside confined enclosures such as containers or buildings. Deflagration vent panels are one of the most common and simplest methods to mitigate the consequences of gas deflagrations in confined systems. There are well‐established methods for sizing vent panels, such as the National Fire Protection Association standard NFPA 68, but these are often challenging to apply to hydrogen (a highly reactive gas) if the conservative worst stoichiometric fuel/air concentration is used. This paper presents a new engineering model, Ventdef, based on NFPA 68 (2018) and applied section 7.2.3.2 in NFPA 68 (2018) for the calculations of Su and Pmax using actual gas concentrations. In addition, Ventdef also predicts overpressure external to the deflagration vent and has a new, less conservative method for predicting the size of the external fireball. The model is validated against a series of recent full‐scale hydrogen confined volume deflagration tests performed under the EU‐funded project “Improving hydrogen safety for energy applications through pre‐normative research on vented deflagrations” (HySEA). Since the modifications to NFPA 68 are based on combustion fundamentals, the approach should be equally applicable to other flammable gases.
Diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Joshi Vijay , Nagji Zaneeta
Published: July 2022

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia that currently carries a poor prognosis and remains incurable, though antifibrotic therapy can slow disease progression. This article provides an overview of its diagnosis, treatment and the management of co‐morbidities.
Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2022 highlights
Authors: Ogden Joy
Published: July 2022

The Diabetes UK Professional Conference 2022 was held online in March, covering a wide range of issues relevant to primary care, including recognising type 1 diabetes in children, managing insulin pump failure, and updated NICE guidance on type 2 diabetes. Joy Ogden presents some of the conference highlights.
Application of Nomogram Method for the Analysis of Magnetoelectric Interactions in Magnetostrictive–Piezoelectric Composites
Authors: Bichurin Mirza I. , Sokolov Oleg V. , Leontiev Viktor S.
Published: July 2022

The magnetoelectric (ME) effect is beginning to be extensively studied. However, the main issue in the design of new ME devices is the evaluation and selection of the ME composite and the calculation of its ME voltage coefficients. As the calculation of ME voltage coefficients based on the generalized Hooke's law is a laborious task, the well‐known method of nomograms is presented to simplify it. To attract the further interest of researchers in this field toward the nomogram method, this article presents a detailed method to obtain the ME voltage coefficients of two ME composites: nickel spinel (NFO)–lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and Terfenol‐D–piezoquartz (X‐cut) in the low‐frequency range and the longitudinal mode of electromechanical resonance (EMR). The results confirm that the nomogram method, in contrast to the general method, allows a quicker and easier determination of the ME voltage coefficients with considerable accuracy.
Low Frequency Band Gap and Wave Propagation Properties of a Novel Fractal Hybrid Metamaterial
Authors: Cheng Shu-liang , Yang Hong-yun , Ding Qian , Yan Qun , Sun Yong-tao , Xin Ya-jun , Wang Liang
Published: July 2022

In order to achieve the attenuation of low‐frequency sound, in this paper, a hybrid metamaterial structure with a complete band gap below 500 Hz is proposed, which is subjected to second‐order fractal, series fusion, and whether the structure is framed or not to form 8 different structures. Based on the finite element method and Bloch's theorem, the bandgap and transport properties of all model structures are evaluated, and the bandgap and propagation properties of metamaterial structures with different fractal levels are elucidated in terms of band structure and group velocity. In addition, the third‐order fractal structure and the dependence of the band gap on the material are also studied. The results show that the structure has a superior band gap width, and the complete band gap of its tandem fusion structure accounts for up to 45.502% in the range of 500 Hz, and the second‐order fractal has a complete band gap of 45.588% in the range of 1000 Hz. Compared with other structures, it can produce lower and better band gap. The research in this paper provides a new strategy for realizing acoustic metamaterial structures with low frequency band gaps.
Strain effects on electronic, optical properties and carriers mobility of Cs2SnI6 vacancy‐ordered double perovskite: A promising photovoltaic material
Authors: Rezini Billel , Seddik Taieb , Mouacher Readh , Vu Tuan V. , Batouche Mohammed , Khyzhun Oleg Y.
Published: July 2022

Perovskite halides have attracted substantial attention as materials for solar cell applications because of their fascinating optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties. We report the results of the first‐principles calculations of the strain effects on electronic and optical properties and carrier mobility of vacancy‐ordered Cs2SnI6 double perovskite. The calculated band gap energy of unstrained Cs2SnI6 is about 1.257 eV when using the Tran‐Blaha modified Becke Johnson (mBJ) exchange potential, which is in good agreement with experimental measurements. Under the applied strains, the energy band gap value increases up to 1.316 eV for −4% compressive strain and decreases to 1.211 eV for 4% tensile strain. This effect is mainly due to the fact that the conduction band minimum shifts under compressive and tensile strains. Based on carrier mobility calculations, we notice that under tensile strain the hole and electron carrier mobility diminish, whereas the carrier mobility increases by 16.3% for electrons and by 9.1% for holes under −4% compressive strain. Moreover, data of the calculated optical constants indicate that applied strains can affect the optical properties of Cs2SnI6 perovskite.
Structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry demonstrates that fine‐scale seascape heterogeneity is essential in shaping mesophotic fish assemblages
Authors: Swanborn Denise J. B. , Stefanoudis Paris V. , Huvenne Veerle A. I. , Pittman Simon J. , Woodall Lucy C.
Published: July 2022

Benthic components of tropical mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are home to diverse fish assemblages, but the effect of multiscale spatial benthic characteristics on MCE fish is not well understood. To investigate the influence of fine‐scale benthic seascape structure and broad‐scale environmental characteristics on MCE fish, we surveyed fish assemblages in Seychelles at 30, 60 and 120 m depth using submersible video transects. Spatial pattern metrics from seascape ecology were applied to quantify fine‐scale benthic seascape composition, configuration and terrain morphology from structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry and multibeam echosounder bathymetry and to explore seascape–fish associations. Hierarchical clustering using fish abundance and biomass data identified four distinct assemblages separated by the depth and geographic location, but also significantly influenced by variations in fine‐scale seascape structure. Results further revealed variable responses of assemblage characteristics (fish biomass, abundance, trophic group richness, Shannon diversity) to seascape heterogeneity at different depths. Sites with steep slopes and high terrain complexity hosted higher fish abundance and biomass, with shallower fish assemblages (30–60 m) positively associated with aggregated patch mixtures of coral, rubble, sediment and macroalgae with variable patch shapes. Deeper fish assemblages (120 m) were positively associated with relief and structural complexity and local variability in the substratum and benthic cover. Our study demonstrates the potential of spatial pattern metrics quantifying benthic composition, configuration and terrain structure to delineate mesophotic fish–habitat associations. Furthermore, incorporating a finer‐scale perspective proved valuable to explain the compositional patterns of MCE fish assemblages. As developments in marine surveying and monitoring of MCEs continue, we suggest that future studies incorporating spatial pattern metrics with multiscale remotely sensed data can provide insights will that are both ecologically meaningful to fish and operationally relevant to conservation strategies.
Advisory Board shares insights about wave of resignations in student affairs
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: July 2022

A near record 4.4 million or 3% of Americans quit their jobs in April, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. Because that figure encompasses all industries, it's hard to say exactly how many are resigning from higher education, let alone the specific area of student affairs. Although that overall number is broken down to reflect resignations in state and local education, which equals 61,000 or 0.6% for April, it didn't show data for private schools or break it down to just higher ed or student affairs. However, other data show that the field of student affairs has been seeing resignations at higher than usual rates.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Tris‐Dendrimers Conjugated with Ibuprofen and Naproxen
Authors: Pedro‐Hernández Luis Daniel , Ramirez‐Ápan Teresa , Martínez‐García Marcos
Published: July 2022

We report the synthesis of bifunctional AB2C dendrimers with tris(hydroxymethyl)‐aminomethane (Tris) conjugates with ibuprofen or naproxen within the interior and hydroxy groups on the periphery. Their postfunctionalization was investigated utilizing triethylene glycol monomethyl ether derivative. All the Tris‐dendrimers were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR in one and two dimensions. In addition, the anticancer activity tests showed that the conjugates of first generation with ibuprofen were active against human prostate cancer PC‐3 and human lung adenocarcinoma SKLU‐1 cancer cells. The conjugates of second generation with ibuprofen were less active than the first generation. The first generation naproxen conjugates were active against four cancer cell lines, and the second generation with naproxen were less active than the first generation. The conjugate of first generation with naproxen showed high anticancer activity, like the activity of cisplatin, but less toxic against healthy COS‐7 cells.