bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВЫБОР СЫРЬЯ И ЕГО ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ОВСЯНОГО НАПИТКА
Authors: Кольтюгин Илья Сергеевич
Published: October 2024

Напитки из плодово-ягодного и овощного сырья занимают в рационе питания достаточно большой объем и являются традиционной составляющей потребляемых продуктов. Однако наряду с этими напитками приобретают все большую популярность напитки из зернового сырья, наибольший интерес вызывает зерно овса. Кроме того, Алтайский край является ведущим регионом по производству и переработке этой культуры.  Статья посвящена анализу состава зерна овса и продуктов, которые из него вырабатываются крупяной отраслью, а также обоснован выбор технологии, в которой в качестве сырья для напитка «немолоко» предлагается использовать овсяную крупу. Проведен анализ имеющихся источников по химическому составу зерна овса, дана характеристика наиболее ценных биологически активных веществ, отмечена его физиологическая роль для организма человека. Содержание белков в зернах овса выше, чем в других зерновых культурах, овес выгодно отличается тем, что его аминокислотный состав остается достаточно хорошо сбалансированным даже при высоком содержании белка. Таким образом, по пищевой ценности овес во многих отношениях превосходит другие зерновые культуры. Пищевая ценность белков определяется в первую очередь содержанием «незаменимых» аминокислот, по которой судят о его биологической ценности. Наличие в углеводном комплексе бета-глюкана характеризует его физиологическую ценность. Содержание в зерне некоторых минеральных веществ значительно превышает рекомендуемую дневную норму, что относит овес к сырью с высокими функциональными возможностями. На основании анализа продуктов, вырабатываемых из зерна овса, сделан выбор сырья, наиболее отвечающего требованиям, предъявляемым к производству овсяного напитка. В связи с этим, проанализирована технология производства крупы, с точки зрения современных направлений переработки овса. Отмечены особенности проведения гидротермической обработки зерна при производстве крупы, ее влияние на структурно-механические и биохимические свойства полуфабрикатов и готового продукта
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЗАМЕНЫ ХРОМО-НИКЕЛЕВЫХ ГАЛЬВАНИЧЕСКИХ ПОКРЫТИЙ ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ ДЛЯ ЗАЩИТЫ ДЕТАЛЕЙ НЕФТЯНОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НИКЕЛЬ-МОЛИБДЕНОВЫМИ
Authors: Кулемина Алёна Александровна , Ковенский  Илья Моисеевич Ковенский  Илья Моисеевич , Чаугарова Лариса Зиннуровна , Овсянников  Виктор Евгеньевич Овсянников  Виктор Евгеньевич
Published: October 2024

Постановка задачи: представлены результаты исследований посвященных решению одной из важнейших задач металловедения - защите нефтяного оборудования от коррозии и износа с использованием гальванических покрытий. Рассмотрены гальванические покрытия элементов погружных насосов хромо-никелевыми сплавами, и предложена замена их на никель-молибденовые. Используемые методы: были изготовлены образцы из деталей погружного насоса и контрольные образцы с электролитическими никель-молибденовыми покрытиями. Для получения покрытий использовали лабораторную установку, осаждение велось из сернокислых электролитов. Производился визуальный контроль деталей погружных насосов, определялся химический состав покрытий, микротвердость, пористость, шероховатость и прочность сцепления. Скорость коррозии определяли гравиметрическим методом. Изучение структурных особенностей проводили с помощью оптической и электронной микроскопии. Новизна: проведен сравнительный анализ традиционно используемых хромо-никелевых покрытий с никель-молибденовыми покрытиями. Предложены покрытия, обладающие улучшенными характеристиками. Практическая значимость: предложены оптимальные режимы получения никель-молибденовых покрытий для замены токсичных хромсодержащих покрытий. Результат: установлено, что причиной преждевременного выхода из строя явились коррозионные язвы вследствие недостаточной плотности покрытий детали цилиндр, а также нарушение геометрии детали типа плунжер в следствии нарушенной технологии механической обработки. Сопоставляя ранее полученные результаты, а также проведя дополнительные исследования было установлено, что никель-молибденовые покрытия, содержащие 12,5 и более % Мо можно применять в качестве защитных для деталей плунжерного насоса от коррозионных повреждений.
Разработка архитектуры программного обеспечения для поддержки принятия решений при выборе стратегий проектирования из множества альтернатив
Authors: Калач А.В. , Борзых Н.Ю. , Смоленцева Т.Е.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены этапы построения архитектуры программного обеспечения для многокритериального анализа стратегий проектирования, учитывающее компетенции лиц, принимающих решения (ЛПР). Рассматриваемое в работе программное обеспечение основано на алгоритме управления входным набором критериев, направленного на автоматизацию процесса выбора оптимальной стратегии в проектных организациях. Описана логическая структура реляционной базы данных, обеспечивающая эффективное хранение и обработку информации о ЛПР, критериях, альтернативах и их оценках. Представлена модульная архитектура программного обеспечения, реализованная на языке C# с использованием .NET Framework и паттерна MVVM. Особое внимание уделено модулю многокритериального анализа, реализующего комбинацию методов анализа иерархий, PROMETHEE и TOPSIS, что позволяет учесть различные аспекты многокритериальной оптимизации. Программное обеспечение предоставляет гибкие инструменты для управления критериями, учитывает интересы различных ЛПР и легко адаптируется к изменениям предпочтений. Представлены результаты сравнительного анализа эффективности разработанного продукта, демонстрирующие значительное сокращение времени на анализ стратегий по сравнению с ручной обработкой. Предлагаемая архитектура программного обеспечения нацелена на повышение точности и обоснованности принимаемых решений, сокращение временных и ресурсных затрат, а также повышение качества управления проектами в условиях многокритериальности и неопределенности.

The article examines the stages of building software architecture for multi-criteria analysis of design strategies, taking into account the competencies of decision-makers (DMs). The software considered in the work is based on an algorithm for managing the input set of criteria and is aimed at automating the process of selecting the optimal strategy in project organizations. The logical structure of a relational database is described, ensuring efficient storage and processing of information about DMs, criteria, alternatives, and their evaluations. A modular software architecture implemented in C# using the .NET Framework and the MVVM pattern is presented. Special attention is paid to the multi-criteria analysis module, which implements a combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, PROMETHEE, and TOPSIS methods, allowing for various aspects of multi-criteria optimization to be taken into account. The software provides flexible tools for managing criteria, considers the interests of various DMs, and easily adapts to changes in preferences. The results of a comparative analysis of the developed product's efficiency are presented, demonstrating a significant reduction in time for strategy analysis compared to manual processing. The proposed software architecture aims to improve the accuracy and validity of decisions made, reduce time and resource costs, and enhance project management quality in conditions of multi-criteria and uncertainty.
An Electrochemical Pipette for the Study of Drug Metabolite
Authors: Nikzad Nastaran , Punchihewa Buwanila T. , Minda Vidit , Gutheil William G. , Rafiee Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Electrochemistry offers an effective means of mimicking enzymatic metabolite pathways, particularly the oxidative pathways catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 superfamily. The electrochemical generation and identification of metabolites are time-sensitive, necessitating adjustable cell designs for accurate mechanistic interpretation. We present a thin-layer electrode (TLE) that addresses the needs of both analytical and synthetic electrochemical generation of drug metabolites. The TLE’s ability to conduct experiments on a minute-to-hour timescale allows for detailed observation of reaction mechanisms for metabolites not easily identified by traditional methods. The utility of the TLE for drug metabolite was benchmarked for electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, acebutolol, and 2-acetyl-4-butyramidophenol, known to produce quinone imine metabolites, i.e., NAPQI, upon oxidation. When combined with a microelectrode (µE), the TLE enables probing the concentration pro-files for metabolic oxidation of these drugs. The micromole scale and pipette-type structure of the TLE facilitate comprehen-sive structural elucidation of intermediates and products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques.
Is BigSMILES the Friend of Polymer Machine Learning?
Authors: Qiu Haoke , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: October 2024

Computational methods, exemplified by machine learning (ML), have provided theoretical guidance and solutions for the development of sustainable polymers, accelerating advancements in materials for societal needs such as equipment, environment, health, and green energy. In previous polymer ML workflows, the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System (SMILES) notation has consistently served as the primary representation of polymer structures, though the inherent randomness of polymers has long posed challenges for SMILES in the representation learning of polymer ML. Recently, BigSMILES and its extensions have paved the way for more versatile and concise representation of polymer structures. However, whether BigSMILES outperforms SMILES in polymer ML workflows has yet to be systematically explored and demonstrated. To fill this scientific gap, we conducted extensive experiments investigating this question, encompassing a variety of polymer property prediction and inverse design tasks based on both image and text inputs. Our findings reveal that in 11 tasks involving homopolymer systems, BigSMILES-based ML workflows exhibit performance comparable to or even exceeding that of SMILES, underscoring the efficacy of BigSMILES in representing polymer structures. Furthermore, BigSMILES offers a more compact textual representation compared to SMILES, significantly reducing the computational cost of model training, particularly for large language models. Through these comprehensive experiments, we for the first time demonstrate that BigSMILES can achieve performance on par with SMILES, while also facilitating faster model training and reducing energy consumption, which could have a substantial impact on a wide range of polymer tasks in the future, including property prediction (and classification) and polymer generation across various polymer types.
Engineer Reversible Nanocomposite by Programming Amorphous Polymer Conformation Under Nanoconfinement
Authors: Chen Tiffany , Qian Yiwen , Laine Antoine , Kwon Junpyo , Liu Luofu , Pal Subhadeep , Gupta Supriya , Vargo Emma , Su Gregory , Ritchie Robert , Keten Sinan , Wang Rui , Salmeron Miquel , Xu Ting
Published: October 2024

We utilize nanoconfinements to program how polymers entangle and disentangle as chain clusters to engineer pseudo bonds with tunable strength, multivalency, and directionality. When amorphous polymers are grafted to nanoparticles that are one magnitude larger in size than individual polymer, programming grafted chain conformations can “synthesize” high performance nanocomposites with moduli of ~25GPa and a circular lifecycle without forming and/or breaking chemical bonds. These nanocomposites dissipate external stresses by disentangling and stretching grafted polymers up to ~98% of their contour length, analogous to that of folded proteins; use both polymers and nanoparticles for load bearing; and exhibit a non-linear dependence on composition throughout the microscopic, nanoscopic and single particle levels.
Thiol-Thiol Cross-Clicking Using Bromo-Ynone Reagents
Authors: Nicque Marvin , Meffert Jan , Maes Diederick , Bevernaege Kevin , Iftikhar Mehwish , Madder Annemieke , Winne Johan
Published: October 2024

Thiols are used in many click reactions, and are also excellent platforms for biomolecular click or bioconjugation reactions. The direct cross-coupling of two thiols is an attractive biomimetic concept for click chemistry, but leads to statistical mixtures of homo- and heterodimers. Here, we introduce a novel class of thiol-click reagents, bromo-ynones, where the kinetic differentiation between the first and second thiol addition onto these reagents facilitates a stepwise one-pot “cross-clicking” of two distinct thiols in aqueous media, without the need for intermediate isolation or purification. The two thiols are linked through a single carbon atom, mimicking a disulfide bridge. We demonstrate the use of bromo-ynones in the synthesis of various cross-coupled thiols, including small molecule drugs, fluorophores, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins. The resulting adducts are robust under physiological conditions and by judicious choice of the bromo-ynone reagent, the adducts can be stable even in the presence of excess free thiols.
Exploration of Fluorinated Pyrazolidine-3,5-diones for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of the P2Y12 Receptor in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Stéen E. Johanna L. , van der Schatte Olivier Anne , van der Wildt Berend , Pereira Pedro , Schuit Robert , Alkayal Khaled , Gabella Carena Leopoldo , van Klaveren Sjors , Zarzycka Barbara , Beaino Wissam , de Esch Iwan , Windhorst Albert
Published: October 2024

The purinergic receptor P2Y12 (P2Y12R) has emerged as a promising biomarker for selectively imaging the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia. Developing PET tracers for this target is an active area of research, as imaging of specific microglial phenotypes can provide valuable insights into their dynamics in neuroinflammation. A key challenge is identifying high affinity P2Y12R ligands with optimal properties for targeting this receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of fluorinated pyrazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives as potential P2Y12R PET tracers, designed based on a lead structure with favorable physicochemical properties for brain permeability. All synthesized derivatives exhibited strong affinity for P2Y12R in vitro, with Ki values ranging from 1.21 to 5.66 nM. One candidate was selected for radiolabeling with fluorine-18 ([18F]6d) and evaluated in healthy rats using dynamic PET imaging under baseline conditions and efflux transporter-blocking, in addition to ex vivo biodistribution and metabolism studies. Unfortunately, [18F]6d showed low brain uptake, potentially due to ionization of the pyrazolidine-3,5-dione core in vivo or poor tracer stability. These findings highlight the need for novel chemical entities as starting points for targeting P2Y12R in the CNS.
Taming Complexity in Heterogeneous Catalysis Using Pulsed Flow and Transient Spectroscopy
Authors: O'Connor Christopher , High Eric , Kim Taek-Seung , Reece Christian
Published: October 2024

A precise understanding of heterogeneous catalyst structure and activity is required to design more efficient, greener, industrial chemical processes. In-depth insight into structure-activity-relationships is possible using idealised model systems in precisely controlled environments, but the significant complexity of industrial catalytic systems makes the direct application of this knowledge difficult. Herein, we demonstrate that precise environmental control is possible over non-idealised catalytic materials in complex environments. We find that ambient pressure pulsed flow and transient spectroscopy experiments of CO oxidation over a powdered Pd/-Al2O3 catalyst accurately recreate the transient activity and coverage dependencies measured in ultra-high vacuum over Pd/Al2O3/NiAl(110) and Pd(111) single crystal systems. Numerical simulations using the kinetics established over single crystal systems quantitatively predicts the transient and steady-state activity and recreates the coverage dependencies in CO rich environments, confirming the state of the Pd/-Al2O3 catalyst is consistent with Pd(111). This successful combination of techniques is broadly applicable, affording a direct bridging of the complexity gap in heterogeneous catalysis, and providing a pathway to more efficient catalyst design.
Boosting urea electro-oxidation activity by pairing nanoporous nickel with borate anions
Authors: Malik Bibhudatta , Bartl Johannes , Tubul Nophar , Barad Hannah-Noa
Published: October 2024

In this work, we elucidate the crucial role of borate anions ([B(OH)4]-) for the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) using a nanoporous metallic nickel (NP-Ni) catalyst grown on Si substrates. The UOR activity of the NP-Ni catalyst has been studied at various boric acid (H3BO3) concentrations, demonstrating superior activity at a specific electrolytic composition of 0.5 M KOH, 0.33 M urea, and 50 mM of H3BO3. Based on a wide range of electrochemical techniques, such as, cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), Pb-anodic deposition, and chronoamperometry (CA), we develop a potential mechanism for the [B(OH)4]--mediated UOR. The high double layer capacitance, surface density of Ni redox sites, and urea oxidation currents, clearly demonstrate the significant impact of [B(OH)4]- during electrolysis. Furthermore, we find that UOR catalyzed by the NP-Ni is controlled by diffusion both in presence and absence of [B(OH)4]-. Finally, a set of physical characterizations, including XPS, SEM, and TEM were performed to correlate the composition and structure of the NP-Ni to the [B(OH)4]--mediated increased UOR activity. The boosted UOR we obtain can open new avenues for treatment of wastewater and assist with environmental remediation.
Carbon-to-nitrogen atom swap enables direct access to benzimidazoles from drug-like indoles
Authors: Paschke Ann-Sophie , Brägger Yannick , Botlik Bence , Staudinger Erich , Green Ori , Morandi Bill
Published: October 2024

The ability to selectively edit organic molecules at the atomic level has the potential to streamline lead discovery and optimization in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. While numerous atom insertion and deletion reactions have recently been reported, examples of single atom swaps remain scarce due to the challenge of orchestrating the selective cleavage and formation of multiple chemical bonds around the same atom. We herein report a method for the carbon-to-nitrogen atom swap in N-alkyl indoles, allowing for the direct conversion of indoles to the corresponding benzimidazoles. The reaction leverages the innate reactivity of the indole scaffold to engage in an initial oxidative cleavage step, followed by oxidative amination, Hofmann-type rearrangement and cyclization. This complex sequence of steps is mediated by the simple combination of commercially available PIDA and ammonium carbamate as nitrogen atom source. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups which is demonstrated by the interconversion of 15 drug-like molecules implying its immediate applicability across a wide range of discovery programs. Furthermore, it shows how leveraging the innate reactivity of a common heterocycle can unlock otherwise challenging skeletal editing reactions.
Predicting 3D Structures of Lasso Peptides
Authors: Ouyang Xingyu , Ran Xinchun , Xu Han , Zhao Yi-Lei , Link A. James , Yang Zhongyue
Published: October 2024

Lasso peptides (LaPs), characterized by their entangled slipknot-like structures, are a large class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), with examples functioning as antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, and molecular switches. Despite thousands of LaP sequences predicted by bioinformatics, only around 50 distinct LaPs have been structurally characterized in the past 30 years. Existing computational tools, such as AlphaFold2, AlphaFold3 and ESMfold, fail to accurately predict LaP structures due to their irregular scaffold featuring a lariat knot-like fold and the presence of an isopeptide bond. To address this challenge, we developed LassoPred, designed with a classifier to annotate the ring, loop, and tail of an LaP sequence and a constructor to build a 3D structure. Leveraging LassoPred, we predicted 3D structures for 4,749 unique LaP core sequences, creating the largest in silico-predicted lasso peptide structure database to date. LassoPred is publicly available through a web interface (https://lassopred.accre.vanderbilt.edu/) and a command-line tool, supporting future structure-function relationship studies and aiding in the discovery of functional lasso peptides for chemical and biomedical applications.
Developing General Reactive Element-Based Machine Learning Potentials as the Main Computational Engine for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Yang Changxi , Wu Chenyu , Xie Wenbo , Xie Daiqian , Hu Peijun
Published: October 2024

Machine learning potentials (MLPs) have emerged as a promising technique to significantly enhance efficiency by replacing computationally expensive quantum mechanical calculations. However, developing truly universal MLPs remains challenging, as the consensus is that MLPs can only be used for similar structures that they have been trained on, while the vast and diverse chemical space is difficult to fully sample using the common system-dependent sampling methods. Here, our approach leverages a unique random exploration via imaginary chemicals optimization (REICO) strategy, which enables unbiased exploration of chemical space by focusing on atomic interactions. The resulting EMLP is inherently general and reactive, capable of accurately predicting elementary reactions without explicit structural or reaction pathway inputs. Benchmarked across various representative calculations of heterogeneous catalysis, our EMLP achieves quantitative agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This demonstrates the potential of EMLP as a powerful, general, and user-friendly tool for modeling complex chemical systems, paving the way to replace DFT calculations for large and intricate systems. Our approach is also applicable to broader fields such as materials science and molecular biology, representing a paradigm shift in MLPs-related research.
Beyond Core-Shell Micellar Structures: complex structures in simple surfactants
Authors: Musseli Cezar Henrique , Bjørnestad Victoria Ariel , Prévost Sylvain , Lund Reidar , Cascella Michele
Published: October 2024

Small-angle X-ray/neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) techniques provide valuable nanostructural information of self-assembling molecules. However, extracting the information from these experiments can be a challenging task, usually relying on predetermined assumptions. Conventional models for surfactant micelles consider a core-shell structure with a hydrophobic tail encapsulated by the hydrophilic part. This approach is successful in many cases, but can fail even for common surfactants such as Triton X-100 (TX-100). We employ SAXS and SANS combined with Metainference molecular simulations to investigate TX-100 assemblies, showing how more complex models, with diffuse core-shell boundaries, multilayering, and polydispersity, are needed to explain the aggregation. Compared to regular micelles formed by chemically similar C12EO10 molecules, we discuss the role of the hydrophobic core in micellization, finding that the relatively shorter and less hydrophobic tail of TX-100 favours polymorphism.
Combining Machine-Learning and Classical Potentials for Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation of Chemisorption
Authors: Luan Binquan , dos Santos Carine Ribeiro dos Santos , Zheng Bowen , Oliveira Felipe Lopes , Neumann Barros Ferreira Rodrigo , Steiner Mathias , Gu Grace X.
Published: October 2024

Chemisorption, characterized by the strong and highly selective chemical bonding formation between a gas molecule and a solid sorbent, plays a critical role in various applications such as surface functionalization, carbon capture, and hydrogen storage. Sorption processes are typically modeled by means of Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation. However, GCMC methods are limited to physisorption processes described by molecular-mechanics, or, classical, interatomic potentials. Therefore, a computationally efficient GCMC method that accounts for chemisorption is needed. Here, we report hybrid interatomic potentials that are specifically designed for GCMC simulations of chemisorption. Namely, the sorbate-sorbate interaction is described by classical potentials and the sorbate-sorbent interaction is rendered by a machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained on simulation data extracted from quantum calculations. To prove the principal, we have applied the method to the simulation of \ce{CO2} chemisorption in the porous metal-organic framework Mg-MOF-74. By comparing the GCMC simulated \ce{CO2} adsorption isotherms and isobars, respectively, with the experimental data, we obtain better agreement compared to other classical and quantum-chemical simulation methods while keeping computational cost at a minimum. With the rise of transferable MLIP, we expect that the method could enable computationally efficient and highly accurate sorption studies in reticular materials.
STUDY ON THE INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FOR AFRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION WITH A FRACTIONALDERIVATIVE OF VARIABLE ORDER
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Alimbekova Nurlana , Bakishev Aybek , Berdyshev Abdumauvlen
Published: October 2024

This article studies the convergence of a numerical method for solving an initial-boundary value problem of a fractional differential equation with a variable order of the fractional derivative. In the generalized fractional differential filtration equation with a transitional filtration law in heterogeneous porous media, it is assumed that the order of the fractional derivative depends on the spatial variable. The main attention is paid to the development and theoretical justification of a method that provides high accuracy and efficiency of calculations with a variable order of the fractional derivative. For the numerical solution, an approximation was developed that combines the finite difference method for the time derivative and the finite element method for the spatial variable. The fractional derivative of variable order in the sense of Caputo is approximated by a formula of second order in time. The convergence of the constructed method is proven with order O(τ2+hk+1) for the case α(x)ϵ(0,1). The results of computational experiments for various functions of the order of the fractional derivative are presented, confirming the reliability of the theoretical analysis. The conclusions drawn emphasize the importance and relevance of the further development of numerical methods for fractional differential equations of variable order in modern mathematics and applied sciences, including the modeling of complex processes.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FISH RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Shapen Kuanysh , Gabbassov Mars , Rakhymova Aigerim , Kasymkhanov Aibek
Published: October 2024

In the field of fisheries, one of the key tasks is to determine the total and commercial stocks of fish resources in a water body, as well as to establish the maximum allowable catch of fish to maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem. Mathematical models play an important role in this process, providing effective resource management and predicting fish population dynamics, which ensures the sustainable development of fisheries and the protection of aquatic ecosystems from depletion. The aim of this study is to develop a new mathematical model for assessing changes in fish resource stocks using the cohort method. The work proposes an alternative approach to calculating changes in fish resource stocks based on statistical theory. The model developed in this work represents a new approach to calculating fish resources for practical application, which can be useful for fisheries enterprises and government bodies involved in fish resource management. The advantage of this work lies in the development of a mathematical model based solely on known statistical data and data obtained from fisheries laboratories in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Modern statistical methods were applied to solve the mathematical model, which allow for the identification of unknown factors affecting the dynamics of fish populations, thereby increasing the accuracy of forecasts and the efficiency of resource management.
APPLICATION OF THE POTENTIAL THEORY TO SOLVING A MIXEDPROBLEM FOR A MULTIDIMENSIONAL ELLIPTIC EQUATION WITHONE SINGULAR COEFFICIENT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Tulakova Ziyodakhon , Ergashev Tuhtasin
Published: October 2024

Potential theory has played a paramount role in both analysis and computation for boundary value problems for elliptic equations. In the middle of the last century, a potential theory was constructed for a two-dimensional elliptic equation with one singular coefficient. In the study of potentials, the properties of the fundamental solutions of the given equation are essentially and fruitfully used. At the present time, fundamental solutions of a multidimensional elliptic equation with one degeneration line are already known. In this paper, we investigate the double- and simple-layer potentials for this kind of elliptic equations. Results from potential theory allow us to represent the solution of the boundary value problems in integral equation form. By using some properties of Gaussian hypergeometric function, we prove limiting theorems and derive integral equations concerning a densities of the double- and simple-layer potentials. The obtained results are applied to find a solution of the mixed problem for the multidimensional singular elliptic equation in the half-space
The Effect of Adolescent Therapeutic Group Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Occurrence of Depression
Authors: Andalasari Niken , Keliat Budi Anna , Putri Yossie Susanti Eka
Published: October 2024

Adolescents are tasked with developing identity vs. role confusion, where the search for identity will shape the individual's character. There has been an increase in the use of social media among adolescents, causing an increase in the number of depression in adolescents. The need for promotive and preventive efforts to prevent depression in adolescents. This study aims to determine the effect of therapeutic group therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in preventing depression in adolescent social media users. This study was conducted on 70 students aged 15-18 years old using a purposive sampling technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study uses a quasi-experimental pre-post-test design with intervention and control groups. The intervention group was given therapeutic and cognitive behavioral therapy, and the control group was given therapeutic group therapy without cognitive behavioral therapy. The results of this study indicate a significant effect on the control group. The combination of therapeutic group therapy therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy can be recommended as a therapy for reducing depression in adolescent social media users.
Awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers for the initial wave of COVID-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pirker Thomas , Al-Busaidi Ibrahim
Published: October 2024

aims: The TMGH-Global COVID-19 Collaborative was a multinational, multicentre, cross-sectional survey assessing the awareness and preparedness of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the first wave of the pandemic across 57 countries. Here, we report the results from Aotearoa New Zealand. methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted at Christchurch Hospital between February and May 2020. Data were collected from a convenience sample of HCWs and analysed using descriptive and multivariate regression to determine awareness (out of 40) and preparedness (out of 15) scores and influencing factors. results: Of the 158 participants (response rate 20.8%), most were women (73%) and doctors (58%) with a median age of 38 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29–49). The median awareness and preparedness scores were 33.6 (IQR 31.1–35.1) and 8 (IQR 6–8), respectively. Mainstream media was the primary source of information on COVID-19 among HCWs. The awareness score was significantly affected by gender and profession, whereas the preparedness score was influenced by age, profession, clinical experience duration and COVID-19 training. conclusions: Although frontline HCWs had high awareness levels, preparedness was low. Variables influenced awareness and preparedness differently. These findings identified gaps in pandemic readiness and factors that can be leveraged to enhance future pandemic preparedness and response in New Zealand.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS DERIVED FROM METOCLOPRAMIDE DRUG AND MEASUREMENT of BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
Authors:   1College of Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. Youssef.Mohsen1205m@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Mohsen Ibrahim Youssef , Khalaf Muna Ismael ,   2Assistant Professor PHD., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad Iraq. muna.i@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: October 2024

This study included the synthesis of some new Schiff bases and heterocyclic compounds [1‐6] from the reaction of metoclopramide with some aromatic aldehydes by the classical Schiff method, then the Schiff bases were treated with chloroacetyl chloride and thioglycolic acid to obtain cyclic derivatives of beta-lactams [5,6] and 4-thiazolidinone [3,4], respectively. These derivatives were characterized by their melting points by FT IR, 1H NMR. Some compounds prepared were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by oxidation with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydryl (DPPH). Comparison of the antioxidant activity of the bioactive molecules of the compounds [3–6] with that of the conventional drug metoclopramide showed encouraging results.
Reforma laboral: flexibilización a través de la subcontratación
Authors: Garibay Melo Olivia , González Gómez Diana Xóchitl , Soto-Alarcón Jozelin María
Published: October 2024

En las últimas décadas, el sector laboral mexicano ha experimentado una serie de reformas que han incidido en el desempeño de los trabajadores. El objetivo de presente artículo es analizar las reformas laborales en materia de subcontratación y como es que ha evolucionado la presencia de este tipo de régimen en el mercado laboral. El enfoque que se utiliza es el de flexibilización a partir de la teoría neoclásica, en el entendido que está representado por agentes considerados racionales en competencia perfecta, mismo que visualizan su propia maximización. Se emplean datos de los censos económicos, las estadísticas del IMSS y la ENOE. Los principales resultados muestran una presencia del outsourcing significativa pero bajo nuevos términos propuestos por el Estado.
FROM DISCRIMINATION TO INCLUSION: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ON PROTECTING TRANSGENDER RIGHTS IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Bhatnagar Astha , Asthana K.B.
Published: October 2024

Emphasising the legal, ethical, and social challenges faced by transgender employees, this paper examines the development and current situation of transgender rights in the workplace. Starting with the historical evolution of transgender rights, it moves to important legal events such as Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins (1989), Macy v. Holder (2012), and the key Bostock v. Clayton County (2020) ruling thereby affording Title VII protections to transgender persons. Notwithstanding these developments, research reveals ongoing disparities in legal protections between many nations motivated by tensions between transgender rights and other human rights concerns including freedom of expression and religious views. The paper also covers the moral consequences of workplace discrimination and the major part companies play in creating inclusive surroundings. Legal and policy proposals demand Title VII to be changed to particularly safeguard transgender people, improve enforcement policies, and apply thorough federal statutes offering consistent protections. The last point emphasises the need of improving legal rights and building inspiring environments to achieve real inclusion for transgender people, therefore promoting a more fair and equal society.
EVALUATING THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ABHA PROJECT UNDER TATA POWER DDL’S CSR INITIATIVES
Authors: Kumar Vikramendra
Published: October 2024

This research assesses the social and economic effects of the ABHA Project; a CSR intervention by Tata Power DDL targeting vulnerable groups in North and West Delhi. It is expected to include services for the development of deprived communities, which for them mean they will address healthcare, education, and employment services. The method used in the study was ethnographic which included direct observation, surveys, and interviews. The study examines the social, economic and community impact of the project towards empowering the society and enhancing the economic status of the society. According to the data collected, the living standards of the beneficiaries were significantly improved, education, and income sources were enhanced. Nevertheless, some issues concerning distribution of the resources and the sustainability of the programs were raised. Patterns were found with the help of affinity diagrams in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of participants. Based on the findings of this research, the following recommendations are made for Tata Power’s future CSR practices, especially for the expansion of the ABHA project to ensure the delivery of maximum social and economic impact.
CURRENT SCENARIO AND RESOURCES FOR WRESTLERS AND THEIR PERFORMANCE IN HARYANA
Authors: Anjli  , Pandey Dharam Pani
Published: October 2024

Background: Wrestling is the game which has been practiced since ancient times and it is one of the popular sports in India. This is an ongoing study in which all the Government approved wrestling academies in all 23 districts of Haryana has to cover. In this paper, 7 districts have discovered. The objectives of the study are to check the availability of services that are provided in the academies of Haryana with the special reference to physiotherapy services.Methods: All Government and Government approved academies of 7 districts of Haryana state were taken in the study and remaining 16 districts are yet to be covered. Survey method in the form of questionnaire is used to find out the current scenario and resources for wrestlers and their performance in Haryana state.Result: Majority of wrestlers say that there is no physiotherapist available during training sessions, only 9.5% of them say yes to physiotherapy services available during training sessions. Whereas injuries are most common in wrestling; So, physiotherapy services will definitely enhance the level as well as performance of Haryana wrestlers in world wide.Conclusion: Physiotherapy services are most important aspect in wrestling. If physiotherapy is added, it can enhance the performance as well as boost up their career.
VITAMIN B1 AND ITS STATUS IN VEGETARIANS AND VEGANS
Authors: R. Ranjit  , Galchenko A.
Published: October 2024

Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin whose alternative name is thiamine or thiamin. The metabolically active form of vitamin B1 is thiamin diphos-phate, also known as thiamin pyrophosphate. Thiamin diphosphate is a coenzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and in the Krebs cycle. Thus, it is directly involved in catabolism. In addition, vitamin B1 also takes part in the pentose phosphate shunt, which contributes to the synthesis of nucleotides and their derivatives. Similarly, thiamin diphosphate plays an important role in myelin synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and the metabo-lism of neurotransmitters and hormones. There is also evidence for its direct regulation of ion channel activity. Lack of vitamin B1 affects all organs and tissues, but the earliest manifestations of its deficiency are found in the nervous system. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the nervous tissue is extremely and continuously dependent on glucose oxidation, which can be disrupted in case of insuffi-ciency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Secondly, myelin production is interrupted. Thirdly, there is an imbalance of neurotransmitters. The fourth reason is the high activity of transmembrane ion-exchange processes in the nervous tissue. All these lead to damage to the central and periph-eral nervous system and, in severe cases, the development of beriberi or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. B1 hypervitaminosis is an unlikely event. The hydrophilic thiamin diphosphate is rapidly excreted through the urine with an increase in its serum con-centrations. In addition, the intake of large amounts of thiamin with food significantly reduces its intestinal absorption. As thiamin is relatively safe even in high quantities, the high vitamin B1 dose is used to treat symptoms of chronic cluster headaches and some neurodegenerative diseases. Thiamin is quite evenly distributed in both animal- and plant-derived products. Its highest concentrations are found in the outer layer of cereals, leg-umes, seeds, or nuts. As a result, most studies show that thiamin intake is higher in vegans and vegetarians than in omnivores. But, with regard to the status of vitamin B1, not everything is so crystal clear. There are not many studies done on this topic to date. The lack of general consensus on a single accepted methodology for assessing the status of vitamin B1 seems to be the main hurdle. Although most of the data indicate a better supply of vitamin B1 in vegans and vegetarians, further research and standardization of methods are still needed.
PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI BAGI PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI TAMBAK GARAM DI DESA BULU CINDEA
Authors: Rahmi Rahmi , Syarif Asriyanti , Ibrahim Juliani , Yani Fitri Indah , Nanda Abd. Rakhim , Mansida Amrullah
Published: October 2024

Garam merupakan salah satu produk tambak yang diandalkan oleh masyarakat di Desa Bulu Cindea. Potensi garam di desa ini sangat melimpah karena bahan baku yang ada setiap saat. Namun demikian proses pengelolaannya masih bersifat sederhana, belum tersentuh oleh pengembangan teknologi. Potensi tersebut dapat dikembangkan secara maksimal melalui pengembangan tehnologi geomembran yang terbukti dapat memaksimalkan hasil, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bagi warga desa. Metode yang dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian ini yaitu sosialisasi dan pengembangan demplot tambak garam dengan teknologi geomembran.  Pengembangan teknologi ini menghasilkan kualitas garam yang terbaik dengan waktu panen relatif singkat sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai jual produk garam.  Program pengabdian ini dapat menjadi salah satu contoh bagi warga desa lain sehingga nantinya akan berefek bagi peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesejahteraan warga.  Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan dampak positif bagi pengembangan pengetahuan warga desa yang turut berpartisipasi, yang diukur dengan nilai post test warga desa hingga mencapai 74% setelah pelaksanaan program ini.
MANAJEMEN BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE SFA (Stochatisc Frontier Analysis) MELALUI PELATIHAN DI DESA MOOTINELO KWANDANG GORONTALO UTARA
Authors: Nento Wila Rumina , Lamadi Arafik , Djibran Moh. Muchlis
Published: October 2024

Tambak udang di Desa Mootinelo masih tergolong konvensional dengan metode pengelolaan yang tradisional. Selain tingkat pengetahuan para petambak yang belum memadai, kualitas lingkungan yang kurang mendukung, serangan penyakit, serta pemberian pakan yang tidak standar juga merupakan faktor penyebab produksi udang vaname di Desa Mootinelo tidak maksimal, yang tentunya berimbas pada pendapatan para petambak yang masih tergolong sedang bahkan rendah. Sesuai tujuan PMM ini yaitu meningkatnya produktivitas masyarakat dengan pendekatan efisiensi teknis yaitu SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis), agar permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra yaitu aspek pengetahuan dasar mengenai teknis budidaya udang vaname dan aspek pengolahan produk dapat diatasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan ini terdiri dari bebrapa tahapan, yakni tahapan persiapan yang dimulai dengan observasi Lokasi. Selanjutnya, tahapan pelatihan dan penyuluhan kepada peserta dengan cara penyampaian materi hingga pemberian pelatihan terkait produk usaha. Tahapan terakhir yakni pendampingan peserta yang berjumlah 10 orang petambak udang vanaem dalam penggunaan alat DO meter untuk mengukur parameter kualitas air. Dengan adanya suatu upaya pendekatan efisiensi teknis yaitu SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis), permasalahan utama yang dihadapi mitra yaitu aspek pengetahuan dasar mengenai teknis budidaya udang vaname dan aspek pengolahan produk dapat teratasi. Dalam hal ini, peningkatan pengetahuan kelompok pembudidaya ‘Vaname Jaya’ mengenai karakteristik dan efisiensi teknis budidaya melalui metode SFA, serta peningkatan keterampilan dalam membuat produk olahan udang yakni eby furrai. Selain itu, masyarakat terlatih dalam penggunaan alat DO meter dalam mengukur kualitas air tambak dan pembuatan pakan ikan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dari udang vanname yang bahan-bahannya terdiri dari dedak halus dan tepung maizena. Kesimpulan dari hasil pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk PMM ini adalah mitra petambak udang vaname telah mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi teknis dan karakteristik usaha budidaya melalui metode SFA, serta mitra dapat meningkatkan nilai jual udang vaname melalui diversifikasi olahan udang vaname menjadi produk eby furai.
MEMBANGUN KEBERLANJUTAN LINGKUNGAN MELALUI INOVASI SOSIAL MEKARSARI PROGRAM CSR PT INDONESIA POWER UBP GRATI DI DESA RANUKLINDUNGAN, PASURUAN
Authors: Hasani Mj Rizqon , Khayubi Akhmad , Asmadi Muhammad , Adhi Bangkit Kresna
Published: October 2024

Program MEKARSARI (Model Berkelanjutan Berbasis Pengelolaan Sampah dan Pemberdayaan Ranu Grati) merupakan inisiatif sosial di Desa Ranuklindungan, Kecamatan Grati, Kabupaten Pasuruan, yang diusung oleh PT INDONESIA POWER UBP GRATI. Latar belakang program ini adalah masalah pencemaran lingkungan yang timbul akibat pengelolaan sampah organik yang tidak memadai, yang berdampak buruk terhadap ekosistem Danau Ranu. Di sisi lain, masyarakat perikanan di desa ini masih bergantung pada pakan ikan komersial yang mahal, serta mengalami kendala dalam menjaga kualitas air di keramba ikan akibat kurangnya teknologi aerasi. Program ini bertujuan mengatasi tantangan pengelolaan sampah organik yang belum terkelola dengan baik serta meningkatkan sektor perikanan melalui integrasi teknologi biokonversi maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan energi terbarukan berbasis solar cell. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis kebutuhan, pelatihan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah, produksi pakan ikan dari maggot, dan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Pelaksanaan teknologi tepat guna (TTG) seperti mesin pencacah sampah dan sistem aerasi berbasis solar cell juga dilakukan sebagai bagian dari implementasi program. Hasil menunjukkan program ini mampu mengurangi 8,9 ton sampah organik per tahun dengan penurunan emisi CO₂ sebesar 8,9 ton per tahun. Selain itu, produksi pakan mandiri dari maggot menghemat biaya pakan hingga Rp 300.000 per hari bagi petani ikan. Program ini juga meningkatkan partisipasi sosial dan mendorong penerapan model ekonomi sirkular yang berkelanjutan. MEKARSARI berhasil menjadi solusi inovatif yang mengintegrasikan pengelolaan sampah, produksi pakan ikan, dan energi terbarukan, serta memberikan manfaat ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan yang signifikan.