bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blocking borehole conductivity logs at the resolution of above-ground electromagnetic systems
Authors: Davis Aaron , Hauser Juerg
Published: December 2019

Borehole conductivity logs provide an in situ measurement of the electrical conductivity of the subsurface. Despite the measurements being a proxy for the true earth structure, they are often used as ground truth when inferring subsurface electrical conductivity boundaries between lithologies. Borehole conductivity measurements are therefore commonly used to plan and benchmark electromagnetic (EM) surveys and to establish the credibility of a given inversion technique. A consequence of the diffusion physics of EM prospecting is that not all subsurface features present in a conductivity log can be resolved by an EM system, nor can they be recovered by a subsequent inversion. Quantification of the ability of an EM system to determine layer boundaries in the subsurface is therefore an issue meriting investigation. We have developed a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method to segment borehole conductivity logs at the scale recoverable by a given EM system as the foundation for an objective comparison between the inversion results and conductivity logs. A common consequence of RJMCMC inversions for EM problems is that few layers are required to fit the data. Similarly, we find that a borehole log blocked at the scale sensed by an EM system consists of a limited number of segments. Segmentation of borehole conductivity logs is determined by the physics of EM prospecting and by factors such as base frequency, number of gates, system geometry, and noise levels. For a survey line intersecting a borehole near Carnarvon, Western Australia, we see that different inversion schemes result in images of the subsurface that are consistent with a borehole conductivity log segmented according to the mechanics of the EM system and accounting for the physics of EM prospecting.
Diffraction imaging using the two-way imaging condition
Authors: Zhang Dongliang , Fei Tong W. , Tsingas Constantine , Luo Yi
Published: December 2019

Diffraction imaging can increase the spatial resolution of seismic images beyond conventional means to provide interpreters with high-resolution structural and stratigraphic sections. The reflection image of a specular reflector only exists in either the positive- or negative-dip structure image; however, the image of a diffractor appears in the both positive- and negative-dip images. By applying a sample-by-sample multiplication imaging condition to the opposite dip images, the diffraction energy is retained while the reflection energy is significantly attenuated. The two dip images are generated by separating the source and receiver wavefields into different propagation directions. Two challenges are faced when we use the left-downgoing source and receiver wavefields to calculate the positive-dip structure image and the right-downgoing source and receiver wavefields to generate the negative-dip structure image. First, we need to compute the up- and downgoing wavefields by the Hilbert transform with respect to time and depth for the source and receiver wavefields. This operation requires two additional forward modeling calculations with the Hilbert-transformed source and receiver wavefields. Second, the information provided by the upgoing wave is missing if we only use the downgoing wave to generate two opposite dip structure images. To overcome the limitations of the one-way imaging condition, we use the two-way imaging condition of positive- and negative-dip structure images. Impulse response analysis demonstrates that the two-way imaging condition has the ability to image the positive- and negative-dip structure images separately. Without up and downgoing wavefield separation, the upgoing source and receiver wavefields can generate the same structure dip as using the downgoing source and receiver wavefields. Results indicate that using the two-way imaging condition can provide broader illumination and enhance the diffraction image because of the additional contribution from the upgoing wavefield. In addition, it saves almost half the computation cost compared to using the one-way imaging condition.
Time-lapse imaging using 3D ultra-high-frequency marine seismic reflection data
Authors: Faggetter Michael J. , Vardy Mark E. , Dix Justin K. , Bull Jonathan M. , Henstock Timothy J.
Published: December 2019

Time-lapse (4D) seismic imaging is now widely used as a tool to map and interpret changes in deep reservoirs as well as investigate dynamic, shallow hydrological processes in the near surface. However, there are very few examples of time-lapse analysis using ultra-high-frequency (UHF; kHz range) marine seismic reflection data. Exacting requirements for navigation can be prohibitive for acquiring coherent, true-3D volumes. Variable environmental noise can also lead to poor amplitude repeatability and make it difficult to identify differences that are related to real physical changes. Overcoming these challenges opens up a range of potential applications for monitoring the subsurface at decimetric resolution, including geohazards, geologic structures, as well as the bed-level and subsurface response to anthropogenic activities. Navigation postprocessing was incorporated to improve the acquisition and processing workflow for the 3D Chirp subbottom profiler and provide stable, centimeter-level absolute positioning, resulting in well-matched 3D data and mitigating 4D noise for data stacked into [Formula: see text] common-midpoint bins. Within an example 4D data set acquired on the south coast of the UK, interpretable differences are recorded within a shallow gas blanket. Reflections from the top and bottom of a gas pocket are imaged at low tide, whereas at high tide only the upper reflection is imaged. This case study demonstrates the viability of time-lapse UHF 3D seismic reflection for quantitative mapping of decimeter-scale changes within the shallow marine subsurface.
Misfolded α-synuclein causes hyperactive respiration without functional deficit in live neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Ugalde Cathryn L. , Annesley Sarah J. , Gordon Shane E. , Mroczek Katelyn , Perugini Matthew A. , Lawson Victoria A. , Fisher Paul R. , Finkelstein David I. , Hill Andrew F.
Published: December 2019

The misfolding and aggregation of the largely disordered protein, α-synuclein, is a central pathogenic event that occurs in the synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative disorders that includes Parkinson's disease. While there is a clear link between protein misfolding and neuronal vulnerability, the precise pathogenic mechanisms employed by disease-associated α-synuclein are unresolved. Here, we studied the pathogenicity of misfolded α-synuclein produced using the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assay. To do this, previous published methods were adapted to allow PMCA-induced protein fibrillization to occur under non-toxic conditions. Insight into potential intracellular targets of misfolded α-synuclein was obtained using an unbiased lipid screen of 15 biologically relevant lipids that identified cardiolipin (CA) as a potential binding partner for PMCA-generated misfolded α-synuclein. To investigate whether such an interaction can impact the properties of α-synuclein misfolding, protein fibrillization was carried out in the presence of the lipid. We show that CA both accelerates the rate of α-synuclein fibrillization and produces species that harbour enhanced resistance to proteolysis. Because CA is virtually exclusively expressed in the inner mitochondrial membrane, we then assessed the ability of these misfolded species to alter mitochondrial respiration in live non-transgenic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Extensive analysis revealed that misfolded α-synuclein causes hyperactive mitochondrial respiration without causing any functional deficit. These data give strong support for the mitochondrion as a target for misfolded α-synuclein and reveal persistent, hyperactive respiration as a potential upstream pathogenic event associated with the synucleinopathies.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Medical error reporting software program development and its impact on pediatric units’ reporting medical errors
Authors: Unal Aysun , Seren İntepeler Seyda
Published: December 2019

Objective: The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to developing web-based, anonymous reporting system to increase reporting of medication errors, blood transfusion errors and patient falls in pediatric units and to compare the computerized system with the written system already in use at the institution.

Methods: This study was conducted in all pediatric units of a research hospital. All physicians and nurses working in these units agreed to participate in the study. All units were visited to introduce the new reporting system. The number and quality of the reports sent on the new system in years 2014 and 2015 were compared to the reports sent the previous year using the written system.

Results: There was considerable increase in rates of reporting: 234% increase in medication error reporting rate, and 100% increase in the reports of blood transfusion errors. One of the most important results of this study that near-miss errors were not reported at all while the written system of the study institution was being used, whereas it was the most commonly reported type of errors in the electronic error reporting system.

Conclusion: The web-based reporting system, which makes reporting easy, promoted the development of safety culture among doctors and nurses in common language.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.732

How to cite this:Unal A, Intepeler SS. Medical error reporting software program development and its impact on pediatric units’ reporting medical errors. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):10-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.732

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CyTOF workflow: differential discovery in high-throughput high-dimensional cytometry datasets
Authors: Nowicka Malgorzata , Krieg Carsten , Crowell Helena L. , Weber Lukas M. , Hartmann Felix J. , Guglietta Silvia , Becher Burkhard , Levesque Mitchell P. , Robinson Mark D.
Published: December 2019

High-dimensional mass and flow cytometry (HDCyto) experiments have become a method of choice for high-throughput interrogation and characterization of cell populations. Here, we present an updated R-based pipeline for differential analyses of HDCyto data, largely based on Bioconductor packages. We computationally define cell populations using FlowSOM clustering, and facilitate an optional but reproducible strategy for manual merging of algorithm-generated clusters. Our workflow offers different analysis paths, including association of cell type abundance with a phenotype or changes in signalling markers within specific subpopulations, or differential analyses of aggregated signals. Importantly, the differential analyses we show are based on regression frameworks where the HDCyto data is the response; thus, we are able to model arbitrary experimental designs, such as those with batch effects, paired designs and so on. In particular, we apply generalized linear mixed models or linear mixed models to analyses of cell population abundance or cell-population-specific analyses of signaling markers, allowing overdispersion in cell count or aggregated signals across samples to be appropriately modeled. To support the formal statistical analyses, we encourage exploratory data analysis at every step, including quality control (e.g., multi-dimensional scaling plots), reporting of clustering results (dimensionality reduction, heatmaps with dendrograms) and differential analyses (e.g., plots of aggregated signals).
Advances in understanding the effects of in utero exposure to chemicals
Authors: Foster Warren G.
Published: December 2019

The uterine environment in which a foetus develops is critical to infant, child, and adult health. Adverse intra-uterine environments have been linked to increased risk for neurobehavioral disorders and metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Rapid cell division, tissue growth, differentiation, and organization of major organs are all features rendering the developing foetus sensitive to insult from exogenous chemicals. Therefore, interest in measurement of developmental exposure to environmental chemicals during critical periods of foetal development has grown. However, determining the consequences of developmental exposure to toxic chemicals presents epidemiologists, toxicologists, and regulatory health authorities with numerous important challenges. Improvements in analytical methods have led to greater sensitivity and thus detection of chemical residues at far lower concentrations, yet the biological relevance of the documented exposure is often unknown and difficult to determine. Although the benefit of quantifying exposure during critical windows of development is well recognized, access to appropriate biological fluids at relevant periods of development continues to pose a challenge. Moreover, knowledge gaps in the toxicological data together with lack of mechanistic insight make interpretation difficult and challenge confidence in conclusions of the human health consequences. Herein, a brief overview of several important issues central to understanding the consequences of developmental exposure to environmental toxicants is considered.
Study protocol for a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial to assess the effectiveness of targeted active malaria case detection among high-risk populations in Southern Lao PDR (the AcME-Lao study)
Authors: Lover Andrew A. , Dantzer Emily , Hocini Sophia , Estera Ronaldo , Rerolle Francois , Smith Jennifer L. , Hwang Jimee , Gosling Roly , Yukich Joshua , Greenhouse Bryan , Jacobson Jerry , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Hongvanthong Bouasy , Bennett Adam
Published: December 2019

Introduction:Novel interventions are needed to accelerate malaria elimination, especially in areas where asymptomatic parasitemia is common, and where transmission generally occurs outside of village-based settings. Testing of community members linked to a person with clinical illness (reactive case detection, RACD) has not shown effectiveness in prior studies due to the limited sensitivity of current point-of-care tests. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of active case finding in village-based and forested-based settings using novel high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).

Methods and analysis:This study is a cluster-randomized split-plot design trial. The interventions include village-based mass test and treat (MTAT), focal test and treat in high-risk populations (FTAT), and the combination of these approaches, using high-sensitivity rapid diagnostic tests (HS-RDTs) to assesP. falciparuminfection status. Within four districts in Champasak province, Lao PDR fourteen health center-catchment areas will be randomized to either FTAT or control; and within these HCCAs, 56 villages will be randomized to either MTAT or control. In intervention areas, FTAT will be conducted by community-based peer navigators on a routine basis, and three separate rounds of MTAT are planned. The primary study outcome will be PCR-basedPlasmodium falciparumprevalence after one year of implementation. Secondary outcomes include malaria incidence; interventional coverage; operational feasibility and acceptability; and cost and cost- effectiveness.

Ethics and dissemination:Findings will be reported on clinicaltrials.gov, in peer-reviewed publications and through stakeholder meetings with Ministry of Health and community leaders in Lao PDR and throughout the Greater Mekong Subregion.

Trial registration:clinicaltrials.govNCT03783299(21/12/2018)
Smart Homes as Product-Service Systems: Two Focal Areas for Developing Competitive Smart Home Appliances
Authors: Kim Sojung , Christiaans Henri , Baek Joon Sang
Published: December 2019

Smart homes are a strong match for the characteristics of product-service systems (PSSs), but practitioners lack the knowledge necessary to approach their designs from a systemic perspective. Positing that smart home appliances (SHAs) are the building blocks of smart homes as competitive PSSs, this article investigates the attributes of SHAs as design elements and the advantages of PSSs as design goals. Based on systematic literature reviews and interviews with SHA experts in South Korea, the authors propose a revised set of SHA attributes and discuss the two focal areas for developing competitive PSSs with SHAs: smartness for personalized user experiences and smartness for expanded cooperation. The article contributes to the fast-changing smart home industry by capturing the attributes that define today’s SHAs, demonstrating that these attributes can contribute to the development of smart homes as a competitive PSS, and identifying areas of focus for those who develop SHAs and systems.
INFORMAÇÃO PARA E PELOS SURDOS: SOBRE TRANSMISSÃO AUDIOVISUAL EM LIBRAS E DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRITICIDADE
Authors: Carvalho Jaciara Sá , Brito Rita de Cássia Martins da Costa
Published: December 2019

Resumo: Cerca de 5% da população brasileira possui algum grau de perda de audição (IBGE, 2010). São dez milhões de brasileiros com dificuldades de acesso às informações sobre as realidades de seu país e do mundo, ao conhecimento sistematizado pelas ciências etc. Alguns programas audiovisuais recorrem a legendas em Português e/ou intérpretes da Língua Brasileira de Sinais – Libras, atuando nas chamadas “janelinhas”, sendo exceção os produzidos por profissionais surdos e apresentados por eles em primeiro plano na tela. Sob tal contexto de discussão, e partindo da premissa da formação humana ao longo da vida, este artigo apresenta uma problematização acerca das diferenças entre a transmissão de informações por surdos e por intérpretes a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica. O trabalho sugere que uma informação transmitida de surdo para surdo, em audiovisuais, estaria mais próxima ao conteúdo original da mensagem e ao universo linguístico e cultural das comunidades Surdas. Também expõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de ampliação do repertório informacional para o desenvolvimento (permanente) da consciência crítica (FREIRE, 1979) pelos surdos que anseiam “ser mais”.Palavras-chave: Surdez. Libras. Acesso à informação. Abstract: About 5% of the Brazilian population has some degree of hearing loss (IBGE, 2010). There are ten million Brazilians who have difficulty accessing information about the realities of their country and of the world, knowledge drawn up by the sciences, etc. Some audiovisual programs use Portuguese subtitles and/or Brazilian Sign Language interpreters (Libras) acting in their little "windows" as they are called, with the exception of those produced by deaf professionals and presented to them in the foreground of the screen. Under this context of discussion, and based on the premise of human lifelong training, this article presents an examination of the differences between the transmission of information by deaf people and by interpreters, based on bibliographic research. The paper points out that information transmitted from deaf to deaf in audiovisuals would be closer to the original content of the message, and to the linguistic and cultural universe of the deaf community. It also presents a reflection on the need to expand the informational repertoire for the (permanent) development of critical consciousness (FREIRE, 1979) by deaf people who yearn to "be more."Keywords: Deafness. Libras. Access to information.
A CATEGORIA CIDADANIA NA BNCC DE GEOGRAFIA: AS FINALIDADES FORMATIVAS NO PROCESSO DE RECOMPOSIÇÃO BURGUESA
Authors: Andrade Rodrigo Coutinho , Costa Luiz Fellype Xavier
Published: December 2019

Após a análise das premissas teóricas, epistemológicas e ético-políticas da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e sua refração nas competências para a Geografia nos diferentes níveis de ensino da Educação Básica, assim como exame de parte dos estudos das áreas de educação e ensino de geografia, identificamos na definição e instrumentalização da categoria cidadania rotunda convergência às predileções para a formação do “homem de novo tipo”. Partimos da premissa de que as menções à categoria, enquanto “exercício”, se coadunam aos mesmos princípios da Pedagogia Flexível com a finalidade de contemplar as novas morfologias do trabalho no contexto de recomposição burguesa, almejando a consolidação dos mecanismos de conformação da classe trabalhadora às transformações do/no mundo do trabalho, inexorável dos derivados para a reprodução social e material da/na ordem societária burguesa. Neste sentido, tomamos como objetivo o exame crítico das definições e usos da categoria em voga na BNCC e sua refração nas competências para a relação ensino-aprendizagem em Geografia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa básica, de análise qualitativa, de caráter explicativo, que se insere na categoria de pesquisa bibliográfico-documental.
Determination of copper in whole blood by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry
Authors: Attar Tarik , Harek Yahia , Larabi Lahcene
Published: December 2019

Â A selective and sensitive method for determination of copper in blood by adsorptive differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry is presented. The method is based on adsorptive accumulation of the complexes of Cu (II) ions with benzenesulfonyl hydrazide onto hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by the reduction of the adsorbed species by differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry. The effect of various parameters such as supporting electrolyte, concentration of benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, accumulation potential, accumulation time and stirring rate on the selectivity and sensitivity were studied. The optimum conditions for determination of copper include perchloric acid 0.03 M, concentration of benzenesulfonyl hydrazide 7.5Ã—10-5 M, the accumulation potential of -350 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), the accumulation time of 50 s, and the scan rate of 50 mV s-1. Under optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were established for the concentration of Cu (II) in the range of 0.62-275 ng mL-1, with detection limit of 0.186 ng mL-1 for Cu (II). The procedure was successfully applied to the determination of copper ion in whole blood samples.
Grýta þetta pakk: Haturstjáning í íslensku samhengi
Authors: Eyþórsdóttir Eyrún , Loftsdóttir Kristín
Published: December 2019

Hatursorðræða er talin vaxandi vandi í hinum vestræna heimi í dag. Oft hefur verið vísað til tjáningar Donalds Trumps og stjórnmálamanna sem tengjast Brexit sem samþykktar á tjáningu haturs og, samhliða því, sköpunar jarðvegs til áframhaldandi haturstjáningar. Einnig deila ákveðnir fjölmiðlar hatursfullum boðskap gegn minnihlutahópum. Innan þessa jarðvegs haturs spretta upp ýmiskonar haturssamtök sem beita sér gegn minnihlutahópum, bæði í orði og með ofbeldi. Þessi grein skoðar heimasíður þar sem fram kemur neikvæð umfjöllun gegn minnihlutahópum á Íslandi. Fjallað er um heimasíður stjórnmálaflokka, fjölmiðla og haturssamtaka með það að markmiði að greina framsetningu þeirra á minnihlutahópum hérlendis. Til viðbótar eru tekin nokkur dæmi um neikvæð viðhorf til minnihlutahópa sem sjá má í umræðu stjórnmálamanna. Niðurstöðurnar endurspegla það að neikvæð tjáning í garð ólíkra minnihlutahópa er nokkuð almenn, en jafnframt má greina fjölgun á rýmum þar sem einstaklingum virðist finnast þeir geta tjáð mjög neikvæð viðhorf. Þá ber mest á neikvæðri tjáningu í garð múslíma.
Assembling community energy democracies
Authors: van Veelen Bregje , Eadson Will
Published: December 2019

Calls for greater ‘energy democracy’ foresee a greater role for voluntary sector activity – including through community groups’ ownership of energy projects – to help produce more open, participatory and just energy systems. This article offers a novel conceptualisation of democracy through viewing community energy projects as assemblages of heterogeneous elements, and traces their enlacement with a wide range of social and political relations. This enables us to explore how a position of distributed agency affects the possibilities, challenges and realities of enacting new forms of democracy. Drawing on empirical research in England and Scotland, we trace the relations that community groups form in the process of setting up energy projects. In doing so, we go beyond the binary view that sees such groups as inherently democratic responses to undemocratic systems or as co-opted actors in governmental programmes, instead exploring the multiple ways these new socio-material configurations ‘become-democratic’. Through furthering an understanding of energy democracy that emphasises democracy-as-process, we demonstrate its inherent emergent, contingent and uncertain qualities.
The fight against ‘gender’ and ‘LGBT ideology’: new developments in Poland
Authors: Korolczuk Elżbieta
Published: December 2019

Recent developments show that Poland’s anti-gender campaigns, initiated around 2012 by the Polish Catholic Church and ultraconservative organisations, will continue into the next parliamentary term. While the right-wing populist Law and Justice party has made attacks on ‘gender ideology’ a key element of the critique of individualism and neoliberal globalisation, anti-gender rhetoric is also today being adopted by neo-fascists, who combine a desire to maintain a gender hierarchy and hatred towards ‘sexual degenerates’ with anti-European Union sentiments and Islamophobia.
Mie-type GaAs nanopillar array resonators for negative electron affinity photocathodes
Authors: Peng Xincun , Poelker Matt , Stutzman Marcy , Tang Bin , Zhang Shukui , Zou Jijun
Published: December 2019

This paper presents modeling results of Mie-type GaAs nanopillar array resonant structures and the design of negative electron affinity photocathodes based on Spicer’s three-step model. For direct-bandgap GaAs with high intrinsic absorption coefficient in the 500 ∼ 850 nm spectral range, photoelectrons were found to be highly localized inside the nanopillars near the top and side surfaces where electrons can be efficiently transported and emitted into vacuum, and the light reflectance can be reduced to ∼1% level at resonance wavelengths. Predictions of spectrally resolved photoemission indicate that these nanophotonics resonators, when properly optimized, can increase the photo-electron emission quantum efficiency at resonance wavelengths to levels limited only by the surface-electron escape probability, significantly outperforming traditional flat wafer photocathodes. Ultrafast photoelectric response is also expected from these nanostructured photocathodes due to the much shorter photoelectron transport distance in nanopillars compared to flat wafers. Given these unique optoelectronic properties, GaAs nanophotonic resonance structured photocathodes represent a very promising alternative to photocathodes with flat surfaces that are widely used in many applications today.
Propagation of Gaussian Schell-model beams through a jet engine exhaust
Authors: Ding Chaoliang , Korotkova Olga , Li Daliang , Zhao Daomu , Pan Liuzhan
Published: December 2019

Theoretical predictions of light beam interactions with jet engine exhaust are of importance for optimization of various optical systems, including LIDARs, imagers and communication links operating in the vicinity of aircrafts and marine vessels. Here we extend the analysis previously carried out for coherent laser beams propagating in jet engine exhaust, to the broad class of Gaussian Schell-Model (GSM) beams, being capable of treating any degree of coherence in addition to size and radius of curvature. The analytical formulas for the spectral density (SD) and the spectral degree of coherence (DOC) of the GSM beam are obtained and analyzed on passage through a typical jet engine exhaust region. It is shown that for sources with high coherence, the transverse profiles of the SD and the DOC of the GSM beams gradually transition from initially circular to elliptical shape upon propagation at very short ranges. However, such transition is suppressed for sources with lower coherence and disappears in the incoherent source limit, implying that the GSM source with low source coherence is an excellent tool for mitigation of the jet engine exhaust-induced anisotropy of turbulence. The physical interpretation and the illustration are included.
Strong field enhancement in individual Φ-shaped dielectric nanostructures based on anapole mode resonances
Authors: Wu Jiepeng , Zhang Fanwei , Li Qiang , Feng Qianbin , Wu Yu , Wu Lijun
Published: December 2019

Due to their ability to produce high electric field enhancements in relatively large nanoscale volumes with minimum absorption and nonradiating properties, anapole modes excited in high index dielectric nanostructures have attracted considerable attentions in these years. We propose a design strategy to simultaneously excite the anapole mode efficiently and maintain its resonant wavelength, which has been remained as a challenge in the conventional dielectric nanostructures. Based on analyzing the relationship between the field enhancement factor and scattering intensity of the electric and toroidal dipoles, we introduce two and four nanocuboids into the nil field intensity areas in the silicon disk system, respectively. The geometric volume of the system can be increased effectively and the electric field enhancement is boosted to be 190% and 250% while the resonant wavelength of the anapole mode is almost maintained constant. The systems combined with a slot in the strongest field intensity area also follow the same law, revealing that the design strategy can be easily extended to other geometric, material and frequency systems. Different from the design strategy to add new components into the areas with strong field intensity, the incorporations occurring at the minimum intensity area is another design scheme to engineer the properties of the resonant systems and can find broad applications in nano-device designs.
Essentials of resonance-enhanced soliton-based supercontinuum generation
Authors: Qi Xue , Schaarschmidt Kay , Chemnitz Mario , Schmidt Markus A.
Published: December 2019

Supercontinuum generation is a key process for nonlinear tailored light generation and strongly depends on the dispersion of the underlying waveguide. Here we reveal the nonlinear dynamics of soliton-based supercontinuum generation in case the waveguide includes a strongly dispersive resonance. Assuming a gas-filled hollow core fiber that includes a Lorentzian-type dispersion term, effects such as multi-color dispersive wave emission and cascaded four-wave mixing have been identified to be the origin of the observed spectral broadening, greatly exceeding the bandwidths of corresponding non-resonant fibers. Moreover, we obtain large spectral bandwidth at low soliton numbers, yielding broadband spectra within the coherence limit. Due to the mentioned advantages, we believe the concept of resonance-enhanced supercontinuum generation to be highly relevant for future nonlinear light sources.
Enhanced p-CuI/n-ZnO photodetector based on thermal evaporated CuI and pulsed laser deposited ZnO nanowires
Authors: Niu Songren , Zhao Fengzhou , Hang Yu , Wang Cheng , Xin Lianjie , Zhang Menglong , Xu Man , Zhang Dengying , Chu Xinbo , Zhang Lichun
Published: December 2019

The p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors have been fabricated by thermal evaporation technique and pulsed laser deposition with a tubular furnace. The morphology, structure, and the light response performances of the device were investigated. The p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors demonstrated a high on/off ratio of 5500, high peak responsivity of 0.235 A/W, and high specific detectivity of

1.23

×

10

12

c
m
H
z

1

/

2

/

W

at

−

5

V

bias voltage under 385 nm light illumination. Furthermore, the p-CuI/n-ZnO heterojunction photodetectors exhibited excellent reproducibility and stability.
Carbon dioxide absorption spectroscopy with a mid-infrared silicon photonic waveguide
Authors: Ottonello-Briano Floria , Errando-Herranz Carlos , Rödjegård Henrik , Martin Hans , Sohlström Hans , Gylfason Kristinn B.
Published: December 2019

Carbon dioxide (

C
O

2

) is a gas vital for life on Earth.
It is also a waste product of human activities and is widely used in
agriculture and industry. Its accurate sensing is therefore of great
interest. Optical sensors exploiting the mid-infrared light absorption
of

C
O

2

provide high selectivity, but their
large size and high cost limit their use. In this Letter, we
demonstrate

C
O

2

gas sensing at 4.2 µm wavelength
using an integrated silicon waveguide, featuring a sensitivity to

C
O

2

of 44% that of free-space sensing.
The suspended waveguide is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator
substrate by a single-lithography-step process, and we route it into a
mid-infrared photonic circuit for on-chip-referenced gas measurements.
Its demonstrated performance and its simple and scalable fabrication
make our waveguide ideal for integration in miniaturized

C
O

2

sensors for distributed
environmental monitoring, personal safety, and medical and high-volume
consumer applications.
GaN/AlN quantum-disk nanorod 280 nm deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wei Tongbo , Islam S. M. , Jahn Uwe , Yan Jianchang , Lee Kevin , Bharadwaj Shyam , Ji Xiaoli , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Protasenko Vladimir , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep
Published: December 2019

We report optically and electrically pumped

∼

280

n
m

deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with ultra-thin GaN/AlN quantum disks (QDs) inserted into AlGaN nanorods by selective epitaxial regrowth using molecular beam epitaxy. The GaN/AlN QD LED has shown strong DUV emission distribution on the ordered nanorods and high internal quantum efficiency of 81.2%, as a result of strain release and reduced density of threading dislocations revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Nanorod assembly suppresses the lateral guiding mode of light, and light extraction efficiency can be increased from 14.9% for planar DUV LEDs to 49.6% for nanorod DUV LEDs estimated by finite difference time domain simulations. Presented results offer the potential to solve the issue of external quantum efficiency limitation of DUV LED devices.
Orientation-dependent optic-fiber accelerometer based on excessively tilted fiber grating
Authors: Xie Lang , Luo Binbin , Zhao Mingfu , Deng Ou , Liu Enhua , Liu Peng , Wang Yajie , Zhang Lin
Published: December 2019

An orientation-dependent optic-fiber accelerometer based on the excessively tilted fiber grating (ExTFG) inscribed in SM28 fiber is demonstrated, which is based on the optical power demodulation scheme. Without any complicated processing, the cladding mode resonances of the bare ExTFG show high sensitivity to slight perturbation of bending. Due to its excellent azimuth-related bending properties, such a bare ExTFG fixed on a simple cantilever beam has exhibited strong orientation-dependent vibration properties. The experimental results show that a TE mode of the sensor can provide a maximum acceleration sensitivity of 74.14 mV/g at 72 Hz and maximum orientation sensitivity of 9.1 mV/deg while, for a TM mode, a maximum acceleration sensitivity of 57.85 mV/g at 72 Hz and maximum orientation sensitivity of 7.4 mV/deg could be achieved. These unique properties enable the sensor to act as a vector accelerometer for applications in many vibration measurement fields.
Modulation format/bit rate recognition based on principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs): erratum
Authors: Zhou Junhe , Fan Panpan
Published: December 2019

The aim of this erratum is to add an omitted reference.
Farenheit 451: relações entre o leitor de histórias em quadrinhos com cenários distópicos
Authors: CUSTÓDIO NEVES ANDRÉ ROBERTO , Dos Santos Andréa Pereira
Published: December 2019

Relações entre o livro best-seller Farenheit 451, (Ray Bradbury, 1953), adaptado para o formato em quadrinhos e o leitor. Sua narrativa distópica delineia questões relevantes, como injustiças sociais, política e manipulação da mídia, enquanto metáforas que possam ressignificar o papel sociocultural dos indivíduos. Quadrinhos são recursos que contribuem para formação do pensamento humanizado, devido sua narratividade ser formada pela junção de imagens e textos. Este artigo propõe uma pesquisa descritiva por meio de referenciais bibliográficos e levantamento de dados, demonstrando possibilidades de introjeção de conhecimento através de uma leitura crítica.
PDDE Escolas Sustentáveis: a inclusão da Educação Ambiental no Projeto Político-Pedagógico de escolas públicas em Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Siqueira José Flávio Rodrigues , Soares Fabiano Francisco , Zanon Angela Maria
Published: December 2019

Apresentamos as atividades financiadas pelo PDDE Escolas Sustentáveis para quantificar as escolas sul-mato-grossenses que incluíram a temática socioambiental no projeto político-pedagógico. A pesquisa foi realizada entre 2014 a 2018, por ser período de planejamento e execução do referido PDDE. Utilizamos a análise documental nos planos de ação; empregamos o método Ciência da História e orientamos as discussões em estudiosos, como: Loureiro (2003, 2012) e Veiga (1995, 1998). Assim, entre as 160 escolas, revelamos que 89 têm atividades na dimensão do Currículo enquanto outras 02 destinaram os recursos exclusivamente para esta dimensão. Foi possível reconhecer que ambas destinaram os recursos em consonância com os documentos normativos do PDDE Escolas Sustentáveis e podem promover práticas condizentes com a educação ambiental transformadora.
The Cosmocene Ecology: alternatives on the horizon of the Anthropocene and climate change
Authors: Pereira Vilmar Alves
Published: December 2019

Este texto tem a pretensão de estabelecer algumas reflexões sobre o horizonte Antropoceno em que se avalia o impacto das atividades humanas como determinantes na alteração ecológica do planeta com sinais evidentes nas grandes mudanças climáticas e a partir desse contexto sugerir alternativas na busca de uma compreensão em defesa da vida tendo como referência o que denominamos Ecologia Cosmocena – não enquanto uma era, mas enquanto uma necessidade hermenêutica de reposicionarmos a referida relação. Essa teoria ecológica tem apresentado indicativos da necessidade humana de reavaliação de condutas, bem como de redefinição do papel do ser humano mediante a esse horizonte de múltiplas crises. Também acena para maiores vivências e aprendizagens com o cosmos, além da ampliação de sentidos da condição humana. Esta ecologia situa-se no campo de estudos dos Fundamentos da Educação Ambiental.
La pacificación como paradigma de la justicia transicional en el Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición SIVJRNR
Authors: Cuervo Criales Beatriz
Published: December 2019

En el desarrollo de la investigación “La Justicia transicional en la Jurisdicción especial para la paz, ¿cambio de paradigmas?” se logró establecer que los planteamientos teóricos, epistemológicos y normativos que hacen parte del Acuerdo suscrito entre el Gobierno Nacional y las FARC no son suficientes para la consolidación de la paz, mientras no exista la voluntad y el interés por parte del Estado y de la sociedad de promover un desarrollo social, político y económico con miras a la equidad, y menos aún, si estos no se hallan dirigidos hacia el logro de la convivencia pacífica en los términos del preámbulo y de los artículos 2 y 22 de la Carta Política de Colombia y de su trascendencia como valor supremo; máxime cuando lo que se evidencia hasta el momento es que la ejecución y el desarrollo de lo acordado obedece más a una política de pacificación que a la construcción de una paz estable y duradera, tal como sucedió con la implementación de la Ley de Justicia y Paz, ya que el paradigma de la Justicia Transicional en los dos modelos implementados en Colombia es la pacificación con sanción penal y no la consecución de la paz.
Urban residency and leukocyte profiles in a traditionally migratory songbird
Authors: Becker Daniel J. , Schultz Elizabeth M. , Atwell Jonathan W. , Ketterson Ellen D.
Published: December 2019

Many animals are shifting migrations in response to human activities. In particular, human-induced changes to climate and habitat (e.g., urbanization) likely facilitate animals becoming year-round residents. Because migration can be energetically expensive, shifts to sedentary behavior could minimize energetic demands incurred and any immunosuppressive effects. Residency in urban habitats could also provide abundant resources and allow sedentary animals to invest more in immunity. However, urban habitats could also expose sedentary animals to novel stressors that counter such benefits. To examine how recent shifts to residency affects physiology in ways that may shape infectious disease dynamics, we analyzed leukocyte profiles of two dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) populations from southern California: the Laguna Mountain population, in which birds breed in high-elevation forests and migrate altitudinally, and the urban University of California San Diego population, which was likely established by overwintering migrants in the 1980s and has since become non-migratory. Over a two-year study of each population’s breeding season, we found no difference in the ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes between populations. However, urban residents had more leukocytes than birds from the altitudinal migrant population. A multivariate analysis suggested urban residents had fewer monocytes, but effect sizes were small. These results suggest no differences in energy demands or stressors between urban resident and altitudinal migrant populations during their breeding season. However, urban residency may confer immunological benefits through anthropogenic resources, which could have important consequences for disease dynamics..
Haemosporidian parasites and leukocyte profiles of pre-migratory rosy starlings (Pastor roseus) brought into captivity
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar , Marinov Martin P. , Bobeva Aneliya , Ilieva Mihaela , Bedev Kiril , Atanasov Teodor , Zehtindjiev Pavel
Published: December 2019

Immune response to pathogens such as avian malaria (Plasmodium spp.) and related haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp.) can lead to increases in energy demands of birds. Migrations are energetically costly for birds and require resources that could be otherwise invested in immune defence against pathogens. Here, we examined the prevalence and intensity of haemosporidian parasites (Apicomplexa, Haemosporida) in rosy starlings (Pastor roseus), an irruptive migrant on the Balkans, during their pre-migratory period. We further evaluated if these infections affected the stress levels of birds brought into overnight captivity, using leukocyte profiles (ratios of heterophils to lymphocytes, or H/L ratios). Haemosporidian parasites were detected based on microscopic examination, PCR and sequencing. We found high prevalence of haemosporidian parasites (83.9%) in rosy starlings (n=31), with predominant infections of Haemoproteus pastoris (cytochrome b lineage LAMPUR01) (80.1%). All birds had high heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (mean = 3.86), indicating the transition to captivity was stressful. However, there was no added stress from blood parasite infection during captivity, since infected birds did not have significantly higher heterophil/lymphocyte ratios than uninfected birds, despite all birds facing the same stress conditions. There was a negative correlation between intensity of H. pastoris and monocyte proportions, which may indicate an association with infection, or an artefact of the stress-induced shift in leukocyte profile following captivity. Our findings suggest that blood parasites have minimal additional impact on rosy starlings during an acute stress scenario (overnight captivity), arguing that they carry little cost to the energetically challenging migratory flight.
Near-field spectrum retrieving through non-degenerate coupling emission
Authors: Chen Yikai , Shen Zhonghua
Published: December 2019

We present a scheme to retrieve the initial spectrum of probe molecules in the near field. This is achieved by replacing conventional glass substrates with a hybrid mode photonics chip to create rich and persistent mode distributions and by observing the far-field scattering pattern. The manner of coupling from near field to far field is confirmed by the calculated dependence of the coupled emission signal on the unique material properties. By using an optimization algorithm to retrieve the intensity ratio of near-field optical signals in each frequency band gradually without the need for complicated instruments and time-consuming acquisition processes, our method can achieve broadband non-distortion spectral analysis in an enhanced optical antenna by selecting substrate parameters.
Visitas domiciliares puerperais: promoção da saúde do binômio mãe-filho
Authors: Hollanda Gabriela Silva Esteves de , Lima Vanessa Kelly da Silva , Oliveira Bruna Monik Morais de , Bezerra Raylla Araújo , Carvalho Carolina Maria de Lima , Santos Lydia Vieira Freitas dos
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: identificar as principais vivências, necessidades e dúvidas de puérperas de um município do interior do Ceará, com a finalidade de promover a saúde do binômio mãe-filho. Métodos: estudo descritivo de caráter qualitativo realizado no município de Acarape – Ceará, de abril a maio de 2015, com sete puérperas que receberam visita domiciliar, a partir de um convite no grupo de educação em saúde para gestantes. As visitas foram observadas e registradas em diário de campo para a análise de conteúdo dos dados. Resultados: foram elencadas quatro categorias Impressões das puérperas acerca do parto e dúvidas com os acontecimentos no seu corpo no período pós-parto; Atenção aos recém-nascidos; Interação mãe e recém-nascido; Planejamento familiar. Considerações Finais: as visitas domiciliares proporcionaram a discussão de temas importantes para as puérperas, de maneira complementar ao pré-natal, tornando-as mais empoderadas diante do autocuidado e do cuidado com o filho recém-nascido.
O Sentido (Conceito) de Liberdade na Teoria do Discurso de Ernesto Laclau
Authors: Freitas Felipe Corral
Published: December 2019

De origem marxista, a teoria do discurso laclauniana tem como objetivos ampliar e redefinir a compreensão da atividade política, bem como redimensionar as relações de conflitos que configuram as relações sociais para além da polarização entre proletariado e burguês, se colocando numa linha pós-marxista. Influenciado pelo pós-estruturalismo, Laclau entende que não existe nenhum fundamento capaz de definir a estruturalidade última de uma identidade política e, por isso, sedimentar um discurso para todo o sempre. É nesta esteira que Laclau desconstrói o entendimento de emancipação segundo a teoria marxista e desenvolve uma perspectiva de liberdade mais complexa e menos restritiva em termos de teoria política. Então, apresentar o que constitui liberdade, seu lugar e seu momento a partir da teoria do discurso de Laclau designa o objetivo deste artigo.