bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Strategies for Robust Combinatorial Optimization with Approximate Separation
Authors: Kawase Yasushi , Sumita Hanna
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the following robust optimization problem. Given a set family representing feasibility and candidate objective functions, we choose a feasible set, and then an adversary chooses one objective function, knowing our choice. The goal is to find a randomized strategy (i.e., a probability distribution over the feasible sets) that maximizes the expected objective value in the worst case. This problem is fundamental in wide areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, game theory, and optimization.To solve the problem, we provide a general scheme based on the dual linear programming problem.In the scheme, we utilize the ellipsoid algorithm with the approximate separation algorithm. We prove that there exists an α-approximate algorithm for our robust optimization problem if there exists an α-approximate algorithm for finding a (deterministic) feasible set that maximizes a non-negative linear combination of the candidate objective functions.Using our result, we provide approximation algorithms for the max-min fair randomized allocation problem and the maximum cardinality robustness problem with a knapsack constraint.
Dry matter yield and egg organoleptic attributes of Moringa oleifera and Allium sativum fed laying hens
Authors: Agbetuyi Oluwafemi Abel , Ekeocha Anthony Henry , Aganga Ademiju Adeolu
Published: March 2023

Dry matter yields of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MLP) and Allium sativum bulb powder (ABP), and egg organoleptic attributes of laying hens fed dietary treatments was determined using 240 ISA Brown laying hens of 18 weeks old. The birds were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 4 replicates of 12 birds each. The treatments were T1 = control diet, T2 = MLP replaced with soya bean meal at 1%, T3 = MLP replaced with soya bean meal at 3%, T4 = MLP replaced with soya bean meal at 1% + 0.1% ABP and T5 = MLP replaced with soya bean meal at 3% + 0.3% ABP. The feeding trial lasted for 6 months. Data were collected on dry matter yields and egg organoleptic attributes. Data collected were subjected to General Linear Model Procedure of SAS v13. Significant means were separated using Tukey’s Procedure tested at a 5% level of significance. The average moisture content in Moringa oleifera leaf and Allium sativum bulb were about 75.32% and 78.28% while dry matter yields were 24.68% and 21.72% respectively. Colour, taste, off-flavour and overall acceptability of the eggs were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the inclusion of MLP and ABP in laying diets. Eggs in T5 recorded the highest value (8.05) of overall acceptability and had the lowest off-flavour (2.38). The dry matter yields are economically useful in poultry diet, while the dietary treatments lead to an improvement in the value chain of poultry eggs, owning to consumers preference.
Sodium butyrate induces ferroptosis in endometrial cancer cells via the RBM3/SLC7A11 axis
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Shu Wan , Zhao Rong , Liu Yan , Wang Hongbo
Published: March 2023

Ferroptosis is a form of programmed cell death with important biological functions in the progression of various diseases, and targeting ferroptosis is a new tumor treatment strategy. Studies have shown that sodium butyrate plays a tumor-suppressing role in the progression of various tumors, however, the mechanism of NaBu in endometrial cancer is unclear. Cell viability, clone formation, proliferation, migration, invasion abilities and cell cycle distribution were assessed by CCK8 assay, Clone formation ability assay, EdU incorporation, Transwell chambers and flow cytometry. The level of ferroptosis was assayed by the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation, the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the morphology of mitochondria. Molecular mechanisms were explored by metabolome, transcriptome, RNA-pulldown and mass spectrometry. The in-vivo mechanism was validated using subcutaneous xenograft model. In this study, NaBu was identified to inhibit the progression of endometrial cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RBM3 has a binding relationship with SLC7A11 mRNA. NaBu indirectly downregulates the expression of SLC7A11 by promoting the expression of RBM3, thereby promoting ferroptosis in endometrial cancer cells. In conclusion, Sodium butyrate can promote the expression of RBM3 and indirectly downregulate the expression of SLC7A11 to stimulate ferroptosis, which may be a promising cancer treatment strategy.
Comprehensive Analysis of the role of DIAPH3 in Cancers and Validation in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Xiao-ming , Li Deng-xiong , Bai Yun-jin , Wu Rui-cheng , Han Ping
Published: March 2023

Background
Cancer is still a serious public health concern across the world at present. Previous studies have suggested that DIAPH3 might play a role in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the prognostic and immunological role of DIAPH3 in human cancers remains unclear.
Method
The TCGA, GTEx, TIMER2 and GEPIA2 database were utilized to investigate expression difference of DIAPH3 between normal tissues and cancers. For survival analysis, K-M plotter and Pronogscan website were employed. The genetic alteration analysis for DIAPH3 were conducted via cBioPortal database. The DIAPH3 related proteins were screened by the STRING website, and incorporated into KEGG and GO analysis using ‘clusterProfiler' package. Then, we used CIBERSORT algorithm to investigate the percentage of TIICs. For correlation analysis with molecular and immunological subtype, TMB, and MSI, the TISIDB database and SangerBox platform were utilized. To validate the function of DIAPH3 in BLCA, human bladder cancer cells T24 and 5637 were transfection by siRNA and Lipofectamine 8000. The efficiency of knockdown towards target gene was evaluated by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The CCK-8 assays, clone formation assays, transwell, and wound healing assays were performed to test the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of cells.
Results
Various type of cancers had increased DIAPH3 expression than normal tissues, and DIAPH3 expression played an adverse prognostic role in most of cancers. Then, function analyses indicated that actin, microtubule and phagocytosis related pathways were enriched in DIAPH3 related proteins. DIAPH3 was strongly correlated to tumor immunity cells infiltration, especially MDSC. In addition, the link between DIAPH3 with immunological subtype, molecular subtype, TMB, and MSI were also observed. Furthermore, the knockdown of DIAPH3 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
Conclusion
In summary, our study demonstrated a correlation between DIAPH3 expression and prognosis, clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration cells, and immunotherapy response based on a pan-cancer analysis. The knockdown of DIAPH3 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. These findings might expand our knowledge of DIAPH3 as potential predictive biomarker or therapy target for cancers.
Antioxidant effects of marjoram (Origanum majorana l.) and its improvement of the intestinal mucosa morphology in pulmonary hypertensive chickens
Authors: Bahadoran Shahab , Teymouri Younes , Hassanpour Hossein , Mohebbi Abdonnaser
Published: March 2023

Background
Marjoram as an herbal plant has different medicinal effects. In this study, the effects of dietary marjoram extract on the enzymatic oxidant (lipid peroxidation)/antioxidant status (enzyme activity and gene expression), growth performance, intestinal mucosa morphology (duodenum), and pulmonary hypertensive response were evaluated in cold-induced pulmonary hypertensive chickens.
Results
Chicks were reared for 35 days and treated with 0.05% vitamin C (positive control) and 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% marjoram extracts. Pulmonary hypertension syndrome was induced using cold stress in all groups. RV: TV ratio was lower in all treatments of chickens than in the control (p < 0.05). Weight gain of chickens in all treatments was increased in days 22–35 compared to control (p < 0.05) while the feed conversion ratio was only decreased in the chickens fed marjoram 0.2%. Lipid peroxidation was decreased in all groups while the activity of catalase (CAT) was increased in the marjoram 0.2% group compared to the control (p < 0.05). In the lung, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) transcripts were decreased in the marjoram 0.2% group compared to the control (p < 0.05). In the right ventricle of the heart, SOD and CAT transcripts were increased in the marjoram 0.2% group compared to other groups of chickens whereas GPX transcript was decreased (p < 0.05). The duodenal villus length and surface area in the chickens fed vitamin C, and villus lamina propria thickness in the chickens fed vitamin C and marjoram were higher than control (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The dietary supplementation of marjoram could modulate pulmonary hypertensive response in broilers and ameliorate intestinal secretion through its antioxidant effects.
Robot-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy with displaced B3 and absence of minor fissure: A case report
Authors: Tomioka Yasuaki , Watanabe Jo , Iga Norichika , Yamane Masaomi
Published: March 2023

Introduction

B3 downward-shifting is a rare bronchial anomaly characterized by abnormal pulmonary arteries associated with downward displacement of B3 and complete fusion between the right upper and middle lobes.

Case presentation

We report a case of robot-assisted thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy in a patient with lung cancer with B3 downward-shifting. An 81-year-old male was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in S3 of the right upper lung. Preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed a B3 bronchus derived from the middle lobe bronchus and an anterior segmental pulmonary artery variation. Robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery right upper lobectomy with ND2a-1 was performed via four-port incisions and an assist incision. No interlobar fissure was observed between the right upper and middle lobes. After dissecting B1 + 2, the displaced B3 root was dissected. The displaced A3a was difficult to dissect because of an extremely severe complete fissure. Therefore, we dissected the bronchus preceding from the cranial side. To confirm a minor fissure, indocyanine green was administered intravenously, and the interlobar boundary was identified as the line separating the dark and green lung parenchyma. The boundary was divided using mechanical staples. No surgical complications occurred.

Conclusions

Using three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and systemic indocyanine green administration, we successfully performed a right upper lobectomy through robotic-assisted thoracic surgery.
Comparison of transumbilical single-site laparoscopy and traditional laparoscopy for children with high-level intra-abdominal testes
Authors: Bu Weizhen , Li Xiaohua , Hu Shaohua , Wan Zhisheng , Chen Songqiang , Zhao Zhenli
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Laparoscopy is the most frequently performed surgery in children with high-level intra-abdominal testes. The aim of the study was to compare outcomes of transumbilical single-site laparoscopy and traditional laparoscopy in children with high-level intra-abdominal testes at Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center.
Methods:Retrospective review of children with high-level intra-abdominal testes undergoing transumbilical single-site laparoscopy between March 2019 and March 2022 was performed.The patients were divided into transumbilical single-site laparoscopy and traditional laparoscopy groups. The age, clinical characteristics of high-level intra-abdominal testes, and internal ring were evaluated. The results were assessed for complications, operative time, tension of spermatic cord, location of the testis being fixed, hospital stay, and satisfaction
Results: Seventy-two children were included in the analysis, thirty-eight patients in traditional laparoscopy, thirty-four patients in intransumbilical single-site laparoscopy. The median duration of surgery was 89.29 mintues in intransumbilical single-site laparoscopy versus 91.26 mintues in traditional laparoscopy (p=0.699) .The median age in intransumbilical single-site laparoscopy was 21.00 months, traditional laparoscopy was 20.53 months.There was no signifcant difference in spermatic cord location of the testis being fixed,and hospital stay in both groups, and no postoperative complications were reported in both groups. However, parents of intransumbilical single-site laparoscopy have higher satisfaction than traditional group(p=0.048).
Conclusion:The transumbilical single-site laparoscopy for children with high-level intra-abdominal testes was safely adopted at our institution, should be considered as the preferred surgical approach.
Human Death Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia: A Finite Mixture Count Regression Analysis
Authors: Kambata Dara Kafala , Debeko Dereje Danbe
Published: March 2023

Background
The Sidama region is one of the Ethiopian regions facing high burdens of human death due to road traffic accidents.
Objective
The aim of current study was to identify the determinants of human death due to road traffic accidents in Sidama regional state, Ethiopia.
Methods
A total of 291 road traffic accident data collected from July 2020-June 2021 was obtained from the department of traffic control and crime investigation, Sidama region. The two-component zero inflated finite mixture models (2-ZIFMM) to accommodate the unobserved heterogeneity of the traffic data used in the analysis.
Results
Out of the 291 accidents recorded in the region, nearly 47% of them had resulted in at least one human death. Drivers who were between 17–30 years old had accounted the highest proportion of road traffic accidents in the region (66.7%). About 87% of the total traffic accidents took place on the dry road condition in the region. A driver who had the least (1–5 years) driving experiences had caused nearly 2 times higher road traffic accident that had resulted human deaths compare to drivers who had 5 and more driving experience, on average. The main source of human death due to traffic accidents was due to motor motorcycles that were caused during vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle to pedestrian crash because of drivers were over speeding.
Conclusions
Drivers in the younger age, road type, whether condition on the road, driving in the mid-day (12:00–2:00 pm) had increased incidence rate of human death due to road traffic accident in the region. The government and other stakeholders should create over all awareness among drivers and set strong restriction on the legal age for driving license, should monitor and evaluate the service years of drivers and the vehicles.
Bovine Practitioner No. 21 (1986 November). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Cover, Masthead, Table of Contents, and other editorial information.
Use of orally administered oxidised copper wire particles for copper therapy in cattle
Authors: Deland M. P. B. , Lewis D. , Cunningham P. R. , Dewey D. W.
Published: March 2023

Oxidised copper wire particles (OCWP) were given per os to cattle as an alternative to subcutaneous copper glycinate injections. OCWP were recovered from the stomachs of cattle slaughtered 3 months after treatment. OCWP (50g) treatment resulted in sustained higher plasma copper concentrations than subcutaneous injections of copper glycinate. OCWP given at high doses (300g) raised liver copper concentrations to 16 mmol/kg without clinical effects, it is concluded that OCWP could be a practical alternative to current injection methods of copper therapy.
Detection of antibody to alcelaphine herpesvirus-1 by ELISA in cattle with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever.
Authors: Wan Siao-kun , Castro Anthony E.
Published: March 2023

ELISA for malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was positive in 30 of 128 samples from cattle of affected herds in California and Colorado; the serum neutralization test was negative. 11 of another 47 samples from experimentally and naturally infected cattle in Colorado were positive to ELISA, while 4 samples contained small amounts of neutralizing antibody. Among 35 serum samples from cattle in Indiana, positive for bovid herpesvirus 1, 11 were positive to MCF herpesvirus, although all of 88 samples from Oklahoma positive for herpesvirus 1 were negative in ELISA for MCF.
Hypophusiary involvement and immuno/growth depression in rabies I. bovine paralytic rabies (BPR)
Authors: Torres-Anjel M. J. , Wolff W. , Mollett T. A. , Martz F. A. , Kintner L. , Blenden D. C. , Turk M. , Volz D. , Riordan M. , Wilson M. , Stafford M.
Published: March 2023

This investigation was designed to study the feasibility of extrapolating our formerly described rabies virus (RV) associated immuno- and growth-depression data from the mouse and the rat and more recently the rabbit, to the bovine model. Such information was not available from any of the classical bovine rabies studies.

This work is dedicated to the memory of Tadeus ("Tad”) J. Wiktor, Dr. med. vet., mentor, friend and permanent source of inspiration.
Mastitis microbiology simplified
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Hueston W. D. , Angrick E.
Published: March 2023

A system for determining whether mastitis is due to contagious or environmental pathogens is described. The sampling format for herds with bulk milk somatic cell counts (SCC) >500 000/ml or Wisconsin mastitis test (WMT) score >15 is to test all cows with high SCC or WMT and a random sample of cows representative of the total herd with respect to age and lactation stage; for herds with clinical mastitis cases but bulk milk SCC <300 000 and WMT <10, samples are taken from cows with high SCC or WMT and from those with clinical mastitis. Bacterial culturing of the samples on sheep blood agar, thallium/crystal violet/ferric citrate agar and McConkey's agar allows determination of whether Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. or coliforms are present; catalase, coagulase and cAMP tests provide further classification of the mastitis pathogens present.
New look at old pathogens
Authors: Eberhart R. J.
Published: March 2023

Control measures aimed at reducing the spread of and reservoir of mastitis infection are discussed. Special characteristics, diagnosis and control of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus are outlined, and the influence of Se and, possibly, vitamin E, upon resistance to mastitis is considered. Mastitis infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycoplasma are briefly described; these forms of mastitis rarely respond to antibiotics therapy.
Update of teat dipping (pre- and post-), backflushing, and dry-cow therapy
Authors: Eberhart R. J.
Published: March 2023

Postmilking teat dipping is considered to be the single most effective practice available for reducing the spread of contagious mastitis bacteria provided that an effective germicidal product is used. Teat dipping after the last milking of the lactation has been shown to be effective in reducing new Staphylococcus aureus infections, whilst barrier teat dips appear to be effective in reducing new coliform infections. Possible benefits of pre-milking teat dipping for control of environmental mastitis are discussed. Back-flushing systems that are available commercially for flushing disinfectant through the milking unit after each cow appear to reduce the spread of contagious mastitis organisms, but have little or no effect upon environmental pathogens. Dry cow treatment of all cows is recommended; partial insertion of the cannula into the teat canal resulted in higher cure rate and lower new infection rate than did complete insertion.
Use of nutritional consultation in beef cattle practive
Authors: Hentschl Arnold F.
Published: March 2023

When first becoming involved with herd health maintenance activities with feedlot producers it became obvious that although respiratory disease caused a substantial loss to the producer, improved management of the ration and related matters could provide an improved financial return to the producer.

To address the topic of feedlot nutritional consultation it is appropriate to begin by discussing the ration of incoming feeder cattle.
Mycotoxicoses of Importance to the Bovine Practitioner
Authors: Cardeilhac Paul T.
Published: March 2023

Diseases of cattle caused by molds and fungi have a long history in veterinary medicine. Many diseases result from the growth of molds in the animal, and they are called mycoses. These have been roughly divided into Derma- tomycoses such as Trichophytosis of cattle, and deep (systemic) mycoses such as actinomycosis. Increased interest and training in medical mycology have yielded great advances in this area of disease. The conditions are frequently complications of the use of antibiotics. The most fascinating aspect of mycology to the toxicologist is the field of mycotoxicosis. This is the study of the myco- toxins produced during various phases of mold growth whether it occurs within the animal or on feed which will be consumed by the animal.
International Congress on Cattle Diseases (6th : 1970): Program
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the 6th International Congress on Cattle Diseases, 1970.
Allergic Pneumonitis in Cattle
Authors: Fox Francis H.
Published: March 2023

During the past year we have investigated herd outbreaks of an unusual respiratory syndrome in two widely separated  dairy herds in New York State and one in Canada. The Canadian herd consisted of approximately 70 purebred Holstein milking animals; one of the N.Y. herds was comprised of 40 purebred Guernsey milkers and the other was a “commercial” dairy consisting of approximately 70 head, mostly Holsteins with a few Guernseys and Jerseys. In each herd, the history, signs, progression of the syndrome and subsequent sequellae have been identical.
Rational approach to the development of diagnostic techniques and therapeutic regimes for subfertile bulls
Authors: Rhynes Willard E.
Published: March 2023

The establishment of regional centers of excellence in reproductive study and treatment has been advocated as the answer to our lack of practical knowledge of this field. The veterinary practitioner, the livestock industry, and the scientific community could all benefit from such a solution.
Appraisal of the "partial-hygiene" diary program
Authors: Dahl John C.
Published: March 2023

Appraisal of partial-hygiene program in dairy industry.
Practitioner's approach to herd health programming
Authors: Hudson Donald B.
Published: March 2023

Paper presented at the Colorado State University's Annual Conference for Veterinarians, February 18, 1970.
Bovine plasma thromboplastin antecedent (factor xi) deficiency
Authors: Heider L. E.
Published: March 2023

Case report of a Holstein female with Factor XI Deficiency.
Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (4th : 1971). Program
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Program information for the Convention of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (4th : 1971).
International Congress on Cattle Diseases (7th : 1972): Program
Authors: Of Bovine Practitioners American Association
Published: March 2023

Program information for the International Congress on Cattle Diseases (7th : 1972).
"Honker syndrome" in feedlot cattle
Authors: Williams Don E. , Pier Allen C.
Published: March 2023

Among the many respiratory afflictions found in feedlot cattle is a syndrome which has come to be referred to as the “honker.” The affected animal exhibits a dyspnea characterized by a loud, gutteral sound on inspiration which is much deeper in tone than that exhibited by an animal with diptheria.
Evaluating and selecting protein supplements for wintering beef cows
Authors: Totusek Robert , Gill Donald
Published: March 2023

The goal of any livestock producer or veterinarian when evaluating the alternatives for supplying supplemental nutrients for wintering beef cows should be that of selecting a package or program which will maintain adequate nutrition at least cost. Feeds, whether they are commercial supplements or forages, should be selected on the basis of quality. Most of the problems observed in terms of poor performance on commercial feeds relate to two problems: (1) An improper selection of optimum feed to fulfill the nutritional needsmost economically, or (2) Low or inferior quality of supplement. Poor quality feeds are marketedbecause producers and their advisors frequently fail to recognize that high quality feeds cost money.
Some viral diseases associated with cow-calf production.
Authors: Hibbs Clair M.
Published: March 2023

Published with the approval of the Director, as Paper No. 43-20, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Presented at the COW-CALF SEMINAR, December 8, 1973, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas.
AABP News
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description of the the 8th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners (1975),  officers, district news, events, awards, and other news.
Role of blood profiles in cattle health problems
Authors: Guss Samuel B.
Published: March 2023

Fifteen herds located on the major soil types in Pennsylvania were selected.  Twenty-five of the cows in each herd were bloo sampled four times annually for two years.  At the same time blood was taken from the cows, forage, grain and water samples were taken.  Soil samples were collected from all of the forage-producing fields. Blood parameters are compared with findings of several others who have published on this subject.
Bovine pediatrics
Authors: White R. Gene
Published: March 2023

Discussion of problems with the calf up to six weeks of age on the range, understanding that there will be some overlap with calves in confinement.

Paper presented to the Annual Conference for Veterinarians, Kansas State University, June 1975.
Control of mastitis
Authors: Jasper D. E.
Published: March 2023

Description of seminar on the control of mastitis sponsored by the International Dairy Federation, April 7-10, 1975, University of Reading, Berkshire, England.
Drug interactions
Authors: Edwards William C.
Published: March 2023

This article is a general review with suggested reading on the subject of drug interactions.
Royal Smithfield Show
Authors: Edgson Andrew
Published: March 2023

Description of the Royal Smithfield Show, one of the longest established held in the United Kingdom.
Use of dentition to determine age in British cattle
Authors: Andrews A. H.
Published: March 2023

The history of the Smithfield Rules which are used to determine the age of cattle entering the Royal Smithfield Show in London is outlined and the actual regulations defined. The results of a survey to study the eruption of the anterior teeth in 2900 British cattle between 12 and 60 months are given and the data are compared with the Smithfield Rules. A brief discussion of the findings in relation to estimating the age of individual cattle is also presented.
Nutritional health program for high producing dairy herds
Authors: Morrow David A.
Published: March 2023

Procedures followed to develop a nutritional health programme for dairy clients of the Michigan State Univ. Ambulatory Clinic are outlined. Broadly, the programme includes education of the clients, raising dairy replacements rapidly and economically, forage testing to accurately develop least-cost balanced rations, feeding-management programmes for the lactating and dry cow, and metabolic profile testing to assess the effectiveness of other parts of the programme. Results of the programme are summarized; within 23 Holstein-Friesian and 1 Jersey herd, numbering 1502 cows with average yield of 13 788 lb milk and 560 lb butterfat, occurrence in a 12-month period of nutritionally related diseases (e.g. milk fever, ketosis, displaced abomasum, indigestion, internal parasites, obesity) ranged from 1 to 7%.
Toxic nitrate accumulation in the sorghums
Authors: Clay B. R. , Edwards W. C. , Peterson D. R.
Published: March 2023

The sorghums are valuable crop plants to the cattle industry. Their use as forages is varied and widespread throughout the United States. As pasture they may become hazardous to grazing ruminants if toxic accumulations of cyanide and/or nitrates exist. As hay the major toxic threat is excessive nitrates since cyanide is readily lost as gaseous HCN during the curing process.

The sorghum plant is a hardy soil feeder which allows for tremendous dry matter production in a relatively short period of time. This feature also allows for excessive nitrate accumulations when there is a luxury of soil nitrogen or if the plant becomes stressed. An understanding of sorghum culture and the plant’s growth processes is essential to the prevention and management of toxic nitrate accumulations.
Intramammary vaccination and hyperimmunized colostrum as a prevention for scours caused by an antibiotic resistant E coli
Authors: Gardner Don L.
Published: March 2023

3 wk before calving, 3 cows were hyperimmunized against specific enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli by the infusion into each quarter of 5 ml formalin-killed E. coli bacterin and a subcutaneous injection of 5 ml of the bacterin with adjuvant. All cows calved normally and had normal appearing colostrum. Of 11 calves born in an area in which calf scours were prevalent and given 3 half-gallon feeds of colostrum from the hyperimmunized cows, only 1 was lost due to scours.
IX International Congress on Cattle Diseases
Authors: International Congress on Cattle Diseases
Published: March 2023

Description of the 9th International Congress on Cattle Diseases.
Prosthetic Materials in the Repair of External Abdominal Hernias in Cattle
Authors: Edwards G. B.
Published: March 2023

Paper from the 9th International Congress on Cattle Diseases.
Electrolytes May Have Adverse Effect
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Article summarized from the Western Livestock Journal, 1976 March.
Oral Vaccine for Prevention of E. Coli Diarrhea in Calves
Authors: Walton Samuel G.
Published: March 2023

Concerning a problem evolved in a Holstein dairy herd where calves less than 12 hours old developed a profuse watery diarrhea.
10th Annual Conference, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, December 12-15, 1977
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Description and program for the 10th Annual Conference of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners, December 12-15, 1977.  Stouffer's Riverfront Towers, St. Louis, Missouri.
AABP Association and International News
Authors: Bovine Practitioners American Association of
Published: March 2023

Association news, obituaries, book reviews, description of international conferences of interest.
Diagnosis of the Surgical Disorders of the Bovine Abdomen
Authors: Pinsent P. J. N.
Published: March 2023

This paper is concerned with the classification of the surgical disorders of the bovine abdomen into logical groups from the point of view of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, using traumatic reticulo- peritonitis as a diagnostic baseline.
Report on a British Cattle Veterinary Association meeting
Authors: Andrews A. H.
Published: March 2023

Report on a British Cattle Veterinary Association meeting, 1977, National Agricultural Centre, Stoneleigh, England.
Richard-Gotze Clinic for Cattle Diseases, Hannover Veterinary School
Authors: Stöber M.
Published: March 2023

Description of the Richard-Gotze Clinic for Cattle Diseases. English translation by Mrs. Laverne Jones, Oklahoma State University Library and Prof. Dr. Stöber.
Intenational Congress on Cattle Diseases, Mexico City, August 16-19, 1978
Authors: World Association for Buiatrics
Published: March 2023

Hightlights of the Intenational Congress on Cattle Diseases, Mexico City, August 16-19, 1978.
11th AABP Annual Conference 1978
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Description program for the 11th Annual Convention American Association of Bovine Practitioners, 1978 and information about officers, district news, events, awards, and other news.
Problem solving and self-evaluation for dairy practitioners
Authors: University of Minnesota. Department of Large Animal Veterinary Clinical Sciences
Published: March 2023

Self-evaluation program presented at the AABP Annual Conference, San Francisco, California, 1976.
New perspectives on the epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhea - mucosal disease (BVD)
Authors: Heuschele Werner P.
Published: March 2023

Based on what is currently known about BVD, the author recommends BVD vaccine as a regular part of the preventive medical program for cattle.
Production, reproduction, veterinarian
Authors: Zemjanis Raymond
Published: March 2023

Veterinary services for greatest effectivity must be programmed as an integral part of monitoring reproductive performance.  Paper presented at the Xth World Association for Buiatrics Congress, Mexico City, August 16-19, 1978.
Bovine Practitioner No. 14 (1979 November). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Cover, masthead, table of contents, and other editorial information.
Genetic selection for ease of calving
Authors: Stables J. W.
Published: March 2023

First of all, I think we should try to outline our meaning of dystocia. For argument’s sake, if we think of someone inserting a hand into the vagina to check the position of a calf at birth, do we consider this as a difficult calving? I suppose that if we consider that the act of examination was necessary, then obviously the operator had some doubts as to the dam’s ability to calve without assistance, so difficulty at calving could be pencilled on to the dam’s health record. It would be my personal view that any examination of this type must be considered as indicating a calving problem, and that varying degrees of necessary assistance can then be recorded. I hope however that we can return to this subject a little later in my talk, and more obviously, in discussion afterwards.
Calf coronavirus and rotavirus infections: An update
Authors: Mebus C. A.
Published: March 2023

Since the initial report of rotavirus causing diarrhea in human infants, the literature on rotavirus has become voluminous. Rotaviral infection has been recorded in many species: mouse, cattle, sheep, deer, pig, horse, monkey, prognhorn antelope, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, addax, rabbit, cat and dog.
Malignant catarrhal fever
Authors: Mebus C. A. , Kalunda M. , Ferris D. H.
Published: March 2023

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a disease of cattle, buffalo, American bison, and deer caused by a herpesvirus. The disease can occur in one or in a combination of 4 forms - peracute, head and eye, intestinal and mild. The most commonly recognized natural disease is the head and eye form. Generally MCF has a low morbidity and high mortality.
Viral skin diseases in cattle
Authors: Palmer J. E.
Published: March 2023

A brief account of nine skin conditions caused by viruses: Pox Viruses, Bovine Papular Stomatitis, Lumpy Skin Disease, Bovine Herpes Mammillitis, Bovine Papilloma Virus - Warts, Bluetongue, Bovine Virus Diarrhea, Malignant Catarrhal Fever, and Vesicular Stomatitis.
Malignant catarrhal fever
Authors: Hutchinson L.
Published: March 2023

Incidence:- Sporadic single cases in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand- Enzootic form in Africa (African or wildebeest type?)

 

[Symposium: Clinical Aspects of Bovine Viral Diseases]
Bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Kenyon S. J.
Published: March 2023

Although BLV antigens have been detected in the urine of infected cows, infectious BLV has not been detected, and attempts to transmit the virus by inoculation of urine into susceptible recipients have failed. Neither BLV nor its antigens have been detected in saliva or semen, and neither secretion has been implicated in the natural transmission of the virus.

[Symposium: Clinical Aspects of Bovine Viral Diseases]
XXI World Veterinary Congress
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Description of the XXI World Veterinary Congress, Moscow, USSR, July 1-7, 1979. Includes summaries of selected papers.

Also includes the In Memoriam for Prof. Dr. h.c. Sven Hoflund.
Retrospective investigation and random sample survey of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema in Northern California
Authors: Heron Billy R. , Suther Dan E.
Published: March 2023

A retrospective investigation (RI) of Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema (ABPE) involved 14 veterinarians, 20 premises, and 30 occurrences of the disease in 10 Northern California counties. There were 9,851 cattle at risk in the investigation, and 6,046 of these were adults. The adult mortality rate was 2.61 %. Attack rates and case fatality rates were variable; but in general, inversely related. Calves were not significantly affected. Cases were noted in all months except February and December.

A statistically designed random sample survey (RS) was conducted on 81 premises in three of the counties. Equivalent mortality rates were found in the RI and the RS for each class of cattle. Sex differences were not statistically significant. Type of forage management was found to be significant (p < .005) to the occurrence of ABPE. The incidence of ABPE was estimated at 594 adult cases with 121 deaths out of 90,688 cattle in Lassen, Modoc, and Siskiyou counties. The total estimated economic costs for ABPE in these three counties was $127,550.00 in 1973.
Sodium ion poisoning in livestock from oil field wastes
Authors: McCoy C. P. , Edwards W. C.
Published: March 2023

Disposal of salt water presents a potentially serious environmental pollution problem. Solar evaporating ponds provide a temporary solution but the residue salts remain as a potential polluter. Flooding of slush pits and evaporation ponds is another potential source of brine contamination of fresh water supplies.
East Coast fever
Authors: Mare C. John
Published: March 2023

This general account of Theileria parva infection of cattle and Indian water buffalo in Africa contains brief notes on aetiologic agents and their vectors, clinical signs, pathological changes, immunity, diagnosis, treatment, control and immunization.
Study of farm animals near 765kV transmission lines
Authors: Amstutz Harold E. , Miller David B.
Published: March 2023

A two-year study on 11 cattle farms through which overhead power cables passed showed no apparent effects on health, behaviour or performance by electric or magnetic fields created by the 765kV line.
Clinical picture of the enzootic and sporadic forms of bovine leukosis
Authors: Stober M.
Published: March 2023

As enzootic lymphatic leukosis of adult cattle has been the most frequent tumorous ailment in large ruminants in our country. It became notifiable in 1965 and an official program was elaborated to eradicate it in the Federal Republic of Germany (and in other European countries). Contrary to the other forms of bovine leukosis, animals infected by the BL-virus develop (within 2 weeks to 3 months) specific antibodies in their serum; these antibodies serve to detect the carriers of the virus at an early state, when all the other symptoms eneumerated here are still lacking. Since the introduction of the serological control campaign in 1978 which uses the agar-gel immuno-diffusion-test and gradually superceded the former control by counting the number of circulation lymphocytes to find the animals affected with persistent lymphocytosis, we only very rarely get cases of tumorous enzootic leukosis in our clinic; therefore, the following report is based on an earlier situation and these animals were, at that time, not been tested serologically:

We had a total of 470 cases of tumorous leukosis of all types as indoor patients during the 15 years from 1960 to 1974. Among them, 439 were of the enzootic lymphatic adult type; 27 concerned calves with juvenile or adolescent (thymic) lymphatic leukosis, one animal suffered from lymphatic leukosis of the skin ( and we saw two more cases of this kind in the meantime); two patients showed monocytic leukosis and one animal was diagnosed as mastocytic reticulosis with tissue mast-cells in the blood, so we may classify it as mastocytic leukosis.
XI International Congress on Cattle Diseases
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Summary of the XI International Congres on Cattle Diseases, Tel Aviv, Israel
In Memoriam: Clemente Sanchez Garnica y Montes
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Clemente Sanchez Garnica y Montes biography.
Good Lord God made them all
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners
Published: March 2023

Summary for The Lord God Made Them All by James Herriot.
Effect of a teat sealer on coliform mastitis
Authors: Farnsworth R. J. , Sorensen D. K. , Johnson D. W.
Published: March 2023

The practice of disinfecting teat ends after milking has become an important tool in the control of intramammary infection due to Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. but has shown little benefit in controlling mastitis due to coliforms. It has been theorized that since at least part of the coliform infection occurs in the period between milkings, a mechanical teat sealer may assist in preventing this type of infection. The effect of a teat sealer which contained no germicide was studied. The ability of the film to prevent environmental bacterial contamination between milkings was studied by comparing bacterial numbers present after the film was removed with unsealed teats. The effect on growth of bacteria sealed under such a film was studied by dipping over staphylococcus-contaminated teats, removing the dip and comparing the numbers with controls.
Investigations in the ability of cattle to distinguish colors
Authors: Graf R.
Published: March 2023

Summary of paper presented at the XI International Congress on Diseases of Cattle, Tel Aviv, Israel, Oct. 20-23, 1980.
Sodium bicarbonate does not prevent acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema
Authors: Breeze R. G. , Carlson J. R. , Potchoiba M. J. , Nocerini M. R. , Hammond A. C.
Published: March 2023

Feeding calves with hay containing 4% NaHCO3 did not prevent severe respiratory disease induced by an oral dose of 0.35 g tryptophan per kg body weight. Levels of 3-methylindole in rumen fluid after tryptophan treatment were similar in calves fed NaHCO3 to levels in calves fed only hay.
Estrus synchronization of beef cows with a palpable corpus luteum using PGF2α
Authors: Ott R. S. , Lock T. F. , Brodie B. O. , Memon M. A. , Mansfield M. E.
Published: March 2023

There are many small herds of purebred beef cattle ranging from twenty to fifty cows. Breeders of these herds would like to produce calves by artificial insemination using semen from the well-known sires of their breeds. Most beef cattle breed associations now allow registration of calves born from artificial insemination. However, these herds are part-time endeavors, and the owners seldom have either the time or management experience necessary for artificial insemination unless the procedure can be simplified.

To test under field conditions, an artificial insemination method that would require minimal labor and management.
Information system for vesicular diseases
Authors: Astudillo Vincente M. , Deppermann Regina
Published: March 2023

Information system for animal diseases epidemiological surveillance.
Possible relationship between feeding, fertility, and blood parameters of milking cows
Authors: Avidar Y. , Gordin S. , Davidson M. , Francos G.
Published: March 2023

Blood parameters from 1000 Israeli-Flolstein breed milking cows in 30 kibbutz dairy herds, were studied during a period of 3 years and the relationship to feeding and fertlity was studied. The cows were raised and kept under similar management and A.I. regimes. Herds with high OCR (Overall conception rate) of 48.3 ± 1.3 were considered good ones, while farms with low OCR (30.0 ± 1.3) were considered poor ones. High producing cows were cows that gave 28 kg (and over) milk/day while low producing cows were those that gave 27 (and less) kg milk/day, this at a period of up to 90 days postpartum.

Feed composition had a significant effect (p 0.001) on OCR. In the high OCR herds, cows were fed concentrates and roughage at a ratio of 69:31, while in the low OCR herds the ratio was 80:20, based on dry matter. There was also a good correlation (p 0.001) between OCR and the blood parameter Δ Pi (a difference obtained by subtracting the level of the whole blood inorganic-P from the serum inorganic-P). In cows from herds with high OCR A Pi was 0.75 ± 0.06 (n=107), while in herds with low OCR this value was 1.33 ± 0.05 (n = 106). There was no significant difference between feeding or OCR and the blood parameters urea, total proteins, albumine, glucose, totallipids, cholesterol inorganic and organic-P, calcium and magnesium.
Bovine Practitioner No. 17 (1982 November). Front matter
Authors: American Association of Bovine Practitioners American Association of Bovine Practitio
Published: March 2023

Cover, masthead, table of contents, and other editorial information.
Ocular anomalies of incomplete albino Hereford cattle
Authors: Ojo S. A. , Huston K. , Leipold H. W. , Gelatt K. N.
Published: March 2023

Eye anomalies of 15 Hereford albino cattle were observed clinically and compared with those detected histologically. Iris colour ranged from blue and white to a combination of blue, white and brown or grey. The irides were thinner than normal and permitted trans-illumination. The tapetal fundi were usually a red-yellow, and the nontapetal fundi were incompletely pigmented. Optic nerve head and nontapetal fundi colobomata varied markedly in size. The typical colobomata of the optic nerve head and nontapetal fundi were divided into small and large types. In the small colobomata, the retina was thinned primarily by loss of photoreceptors, outer nuclear layer, and to a lesser extent the inner nuclear layer. There was no choroid in the coloboma, and the sclera was normal. In the large typical colobomata, changes of the optic nerve head, retina, choroid, and sclera were pronounced. The ventral optic nerve head was marked by irregular depressions of varying depths. The retinal pigment epithelial layer was incomplete and replaced with occasional irregular groups of cells. The choroid was absent in the colobomata and the sclera thinner than normal.
Effects of a sustained-release oxytetraycline bolus for anaplasmosis carriers
Authors: Byford Ronnie L. , Riner John L. , Kocan Katherine M. , Hair Jakie A.
Published: March 2023

Pairs of cattle with experimental anaplasmosis were given oxytetracycline at 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg as a 20% sustained-release bolus. Blood samples, collected weekly for 120 days after treatment were examined for complement fixating (CF) antibodies, packed cell volume, and patent infections. In a second experiment groups of 3 cattle with natural infections were similarly dosed at 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 mg/kg twice at an interval of 60 days. Blood samples were collected weekly for 180 days after the first treatment. Pooled blood samples (175 ml), collected from each treatment group were treated with neoarsphenamine and injected i/v into splenectomized calves. Sustained-release boluses reduced CF titres at all dose levels. One naturally infected group became CF negative. However, calves inoculated with blood from these animals developed anaplasmosis indicating that Anaplasma had not been eliminated.
Foot-and-mouth disease vaccination
Authors: Mebus C. A. , McKercher P. D.
Published: March 2023

Experience has shown that highly potent inactivated vaccines can be produced at an acceptable cost and that when properly used in an organized campaign, FMD can be controlled and eventually eradicated.