bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations and Within-Group Differences in Physical Characteristics and Golf Performance Data in High-Level Amateur Players
Authors: Brennan Alex , Murray Andrew , Coughlan Dan , Wells Jack , Xu Jiaqing , Turner Anthony , Brearley Simon , Bishop Chris
Published: February 2024

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between a comprehensive physical testing battery and golf performance, as quantified through a variety of previously determined usable metrics from launch monitor data. Twenty-six high-level, amateur golfers undertook a series of physical assessments, including anthropometry measurements, isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), isometric bench press, countermovement jump (CMJ), seated medicine ball throws for distance, and seated thoracic rotation tests. In addition, golf shot data were recorded in an indoor biomechanics laboratory, with a driver and 6-iron to quantify clubhead speed (CHS), ball speed, carry distance, and smash factor. Pearson’s r associative analyses showed that the strongest relationships with the golf shot data were with the isometric bench press for the upper body (r values up to 0.76) and countermovement jump for the lower body (r values up to 0.82). In addition, the median split analysis of the physical performance data revealed that players who were able to exhibit greater maximal and explosive strength capabilities in the IMTP, isometric bench press, and CMJ assessments had a significantly greater CHS (g range = 1.09–1.28; p < 0.05), ball speed (g range = 1.18–1.41; p < 0.05), carry distance (g range = 1.06–1.53; p < 0.05), and smash factor (g range = 0.81–1.17; p < 0.05). These data underscore the importance of superior physical capacity for golfers, especially for maximal force production in both the lower and upper body, as well as explosive force production for the lower body.
Effects of Waste Plastic and Glass Aggregates on the Strength Properties of Ambient-Cured One-Part Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Ajayi Babatunde Luke , Babafemi Adewumi John
Published: February 2024

The production of Portland cement (PC) is associated with carbon emissions. One-part geopolymer “just add water” is a user- and environmentally-friendly binder that can potentially substitute PC. However, there is limited research on the setting time, fresh, and strength properties of one-part metakaolin (MK)-based geopolymer concrete (OMGPC) incorporating recycled aggregates. Hence, the study explored the fresh, mechanical (compressive, flexural, splitting tensile, and E-modulus) and microstructural properties of ambient cured (7-, 28-, and 90-day) OMGPC containing recycled waste plastics (RESIN8) and recycled fine waste glass aggregate (FWG) at 5% and 10% by volume of the sand. The study result shows that 2% trisodium phosphate by wt. of the binder retard the initial and final setting times of OMGPC. At the same time, the incorporation of RESIN8 and FWG aggregates improved the workability of geopolymer concrete. The lightweight properties of RESIN8 aggregate reduce the hardened density of OMGPC, while the FWG specimens show a similar density to the control. The compressive strength of RESIN8 and FWG OMGPC range from 19.8 to 24.6 MPa and 26.9 to 30 MPa, respectively, compared to the control (26 to 28.9 MPa) at all curing ages. The flexural and splitting tensile strength of the OMGPC range from 2.2 to 4.5 MPa and 1.7 to 2.8 MPa, respectively. OMGPC is a viable alternative to Portland cement, and FWG can substitute sand in structural concrete by up to 10% and RESIN8 aggregate at 5% by volume of the natural sand.
Effects of Musical Training in Music Therapy Following Cochlear Implantation—A Case Report
Authors: Magele Astrid , Wirthner Bianca , Schoerg Philipp , Sprinzl Georg M.
Published: February 2024

The most prevalent sensory impairment impacting the elderly is age-related hearing loss (HL), which affects around 65% of individuals over the age of 60 years. This bilateral, symmetrical sensorineural impairment profoundly affects auditory perception, speech discrimination, and the overall understanding of auditory signals. Influenced by diverse factors, age-related HL can substantially influence an individual’s quality of life and mental health and can lead to depression. Cochlear implantation (CI) stands as a standard intervention, yet despite advancements, music perception challenges persist, which can be addressed with individualized music therapy. This case report describes the journey of an 81-year-old musician through profound sensorineural hearing loss, cochlear implantation, and rehabilitative music therapy. Auditory evaluations, musical exercises, and quality of life assessments highlighted meaningful improvements in music perception, auditory skills, and overall satisfaction post-implantation. Music therapy facilitated emotional, functional, and musical levels of engagement, notably enhancing his ability to perceive melody, rhythm, and different instruments. Moreover, subjective assessments and audiograms indicated marked improvements in auditory differentiation, music enjoyment, and overall hearing thresholds. This comprehensive approach integrating bilateral CIs and music therapy showcased audiological and quality of life enhancements in an elderly individual with profound hearing loss, emphasizing the efficacy of this combined treatment approach.
Fuzzy-Set-Based Multi-Attribute Decision-Making, Its Computing Implementation, and Applications
Authors: Ferreira Mateus Alberto Dorna de Oliveira , Ribeiro Laura Cozzi , Schuffner Henrique Silva , Libório Matheus Pereira , Ekel Petr Iakovlevitch
Published: February 2024

This paper reflects the results of research analyzing models of multi-attribute decision-making based on fuzzy preference relations. Questions of constructing the corresponding multi-attribute models to deal with quantitative information concomitantly with qualitative information based on experts’ knowledge are considered. Human preferences may be represented within the fuzzy preference relations and by applying diverse other preference formats. Considering this, so-called transformation functions reduce any preference format to fuzzy preference relations. This paper’s results can be applied independently or as part of a general approach to solving a wide class of problems with fuzzy coefficients, as well as within the framework of a general scheme of multi-criteria decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The considered techniques for fuzzy preference modeling are directed at assessing, comparing, choosing, prioritizing, and/or ordering alternatives. These techniques have served to develop a computing system for multi-attribute decision-making. It has been implemented in the C# programming language, utilizing the “.NET” framework. The computing system allows one to represent decision-makers’ preferences in one of five preference formats. These formats and quantitative estimates are reduced to nonreciprocal fuzzy preference relations, providing homogeneous preference information for decision procedures. This paper’s results have a general character and were applied to analyze power engineering problems.
A Novel Slacks-Based Interval DEA Model and Application
Authors: Arana-Jiménez Manuel , Lozano-Ramírez Julio , Sánchez-Gil M. Carmen , Younesi Atefeh , Lozano Sebastián
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a novel slacks-based interval DEA approach that computes interval targets, slacks, and crisp inefficiency scores. It uses interval arithmetic and requires solving a mixed-integer linear program. The corresponding super-efficiency formulation to discriminate among the efficient units is also presented. We also provide a case study of its application to sustainable tourism in the Mediterranean region, assessing the sustainable tourism efficiency of twelve Mediterranean regions to validate the proposed approach. The inputs and outputs cover the three sustainability dimensions and include GHG emissions as an undesirable output. Three regions were found to be inefficient, and the corresponding inputs and output improvements were computed. A total rank of the regions was also obtained using the super-efficiency model.
Safety Analysis of Lithium-Ion Cylindrical Batteries Using Design and Process Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
Authors: Maddipatla Sahithi , Kong Lingxi , Pecht Michael
Published: February 2024

Cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are widely used in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage applications. However, safety risks due to thermal runaway-induced fire and explosions have prompted the need for safety analysis methodologies. Though cylindrical batteries often incorporate safety devices, the safety of the battery also depends on its design and manufacturing processes. This study conducts a design and process failure mode and effect analysis (DFMEA and PFMEA) for the design and manufacturing of cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on battery safety.
Three Copies of zbed1 Specific in Chromosome W Are Essential for Female-Biased Sexual Size Dimorphism in Cynoglossus semilaevis
Authors: Sun Yuqi , Li Xihong , Mai Jiaqi , Xu Wenteng , Wang Jiacheng , Zhang Qi , Wang Na
Published: February 2024

The sex chromosome, especially specific in one sex, generally determines sexual size dimorphism (SSD), a phenomenon with dimorphic sexual difference in the body size. For Cynoglossus semilaevis, a flatfish in China, although the importance of chromosome W and its specific gene zbed1 in female-biased SSD have been suggested, its family members and regulation information are still unknown. At present, three zbed1 copies gene were identified on chromosome W, with no gametologs. Phylogenetic analysis for the ZBED family revealed an existence of ZBED9 in the fish. Nine members were uncovered from C. semilaevis, clustering into three kinds, ZBED1, ZBED4 and ZBEDX, which is less than the eleven kinds of ZBED members in mammals. The predominant expression of zbed1 in the female brain and pituitary tissues was further verified by qPCR. Transcription factor c/ebpα could significantly enhance the transcriptional activity of zbed1 promoter, which is opposite to its effect on the male determinant factor-dmrt1. When zbed1 was interfered with, piwil1, esr2 and wnt7b were up-regulated, while cell-cycle-related genes, including cdk4 and ccng1, were down-regulated. Thus, zbed1 is involved in cell proliferation by regulating esr2, piwil1, cell cycle and the Wnt pathway. Further research on their interactions would be helpful to understand fish SSD.
Enterobacteriaceae in the Human Gut: Dynamics and Ecological Roles in Health and Disease
Authors: Moreira de Gouveia Maria Ines , Bernalier-Donadille Annick , Jubelin Gregory
Published: February 2024

The human gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining host health. Our review explores the prevalence and dynamics of Enterobacteriaceae, a bacterial family within the Proteobacteria phylum, in the human gut which represents a small fraction of the gut microbiota in healthy conditions. Even though their roles are not yet fully understood, Enterobacteriaceae and especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) play a part in creating an anaerobic environment, producing vitamins and protecting against pathogenic infections. The composition and residency of E. coli strains in the gut fluctuate among individuals and is influenced by many factors such as geography, diet and health. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in the microbial composition of the gut microbiota, is associated with various diseases, including obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic disorders. A consistent pattern in dysbiosis is the expansion of Proteobacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae, which has been proposed as a potential marker for intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here we develop the potential mechanisms contributing to Enterobacteriaceae proliferation during dysbiosis, including changes in oxygen levels, alterations in mucosal substrates and dietary factors. Better knowledge of these mechanisms is important for developing strategies to restore a balanced gut microbiota and reduce the negative consequences of the Enterobacteriaceae bloom.
Corticosterone Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Behaviors through p21-Mediated ROS Accumulation
Authors: Wang Guanhao , Cao Lining , Li Shuanqing , Zhang Meihui , Li Yingqi , Duan Jinjin , Li You , Hu Zhangsen , Wu Jiaan , Li Tianming , Jiang Ming , Lu Jianfeng
Published: February 2024

Stress is known to induce a reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and anxiety-like behaviors. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are secreted in response to stress, and the hippocampus possesses the greatest levels of GC receptors, highlighting the potential of GCs in mediating stress-induced hippocampal alterations and behavior deficits. Herein, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the hippocampus following corticosterone (CORT) exposure revealed the central regulatory role of the p21 (Cdkna1a) gene, which exhibited interactions with oxidative stress-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), suggesting a potential link between p21 and oxidative stress-related pathways. Remarkably, p21-overexpression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus partially recapitulated CORT-induced phenotypes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, diminished AHN, dendritic atrophy, and the onset of anxiety-like behaviors. Significantly, inhibiting ROS exhibited a partial rescue of anxiety-like behaviors and hippocampal alterations induced by p21-overexpression, as well as those induced by CORT, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting ROS or p21 in the hippocampus as a promising avenue for mitigating anxiety disorders provoked by chronic stress.
The Effect of Compression Garments on Biomechanical and Physiological Factors
Authors: Craig-Jones Andrew , Greene Daniel R. , Ruiz-Ramie Jonathan J. , Navalta James W. , Mercer John A.
Published: February 2024

To the purpose of this study was to compare muscle oscillation, muscle activation time, and oxygen consumption while wearing compression pants vs. a control garment during running. Methods. Eleven injury-free and recreationally active participants (26.73 ± 12.74 years) were recruited for this study. Participants ran in full-leg compression pants (COMP) and a loose-fitting control garment (CON). Participants ran for 6 min at three submaximal speeds: preferred speed (PS), preferred speed minus 10% (PS − 10%), and preferred speed plus 10% (PS + 10%). The muscle activity of the leg was measured through electromyography (EMG). Muscle oscillation (MO) was measured with accelerometers attached to the thigh and shank. The rate of oxygen consumption (V.O2) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during each condition. MO was assessed over the 0–60 Hz range by averaging power across 10 Hz bins per leg segment. EMG data was processed to identify the activation time. Following each condition, a belief score was recorded. Dependent variables were each compared between conditions using 2 (garment) × 3 (speed) repeated measure ANOVAs (α = 0.05). The relationship between the belief score and dependent variables (compression-control) was analyzed using Pearson’s product-moment correlation (α = 0.05). Results. MO was lower with the full-leg compression pants vs. the control garment (p < 0.05). The muscle activation time for each muscle was shorter while wearing the full-leg compression pants (p < 0.05). Neither the V.O2, RPE, SF, nor the HR were influenced by the garments (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between changes in the dependent variables and belief. Conclusion. Wearing compression pants resulted in reduced MO and activation time; however, these changes did not translate into a reduction in V.O2.
Correction: Cano-Vicent et al. Biocompatible Alginate Hydrogel Film Containing Acetic Acid Manifests Broad-Spectrum Antiviral and Anticancer Activities. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2549
Authors: Cano-Vicent Alba , Tuñón-Molina Alberto , Bakshi Hamid , Alfagih Iman M. , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Serrano-Aroca Ángel
Published: February 2024

In the original publication [...]
Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing Reveals the Upregulation and Resolution of Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Lidocaine-Treated Human Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cell Line THP-1
Authors: Feng Sheng-Wei , Lin Wei-Chun , Lee I-Ta , Luo Sheng-Dean , Wang Ching-Shuen
Published: February 2024

Lidocaine, a local anesthetic widely used in dentistry, is esteemed for its efficacy and safety. Recent research reveals its additional role in modulating the immune system, and particularly in reducing inflammation crucial for protecting tooth-supporting tissues. Notably, monocytes and macrophages, essential cellular components overseeing various physiological and pathological processes, stand as potential mediators of lidocaine’s effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how lidocaine influences cell behavior using RNA sequencing. To investigate the effect of lidocaine on THP-1 cells’ behavior, we performed an MTT assay and RNA-Seq along with qPCR analyses to evaluate the transcriptomic and proteomic changes in THP-1 cells. Our results showed that a high dose of lidocaine (>1 mM) had a significant cytotoxic effect on THP-1 cells. However, a lidocaine dose lower than 0.5 mM induced a mixed anti-inflammatory profile by significantly upregulating tissue remodeling (GDF15, FGF7, HGF, COL4A3, COL8A2, LAMB2, LAMC2, PDGFRA, and VEGFA) and through the resolution of inflammation (Cpeb4, Socs1, Socs2, Socs3, Dusp1, Tnfaip3, and Gata3) gene cassettes. This study explores the effect of lidocaine on the THP-1 in the M2-like healing phenotype and provides potential applications of lidocaine’s therapeutic effectiveness in dental tissue repair.
Biomimicking Atherosclerotic Vessels: A Relevant and (Yet) Sub-Explored Topic
Authors: Henriques Joana , Amaro Ana M. , Piedade Ana P.
Published: February 2024

Atherosclerosis represents the etiologic source of several cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral artery disease, which remain the leading cause of mortality in the world. Numerous strategies are being delineated to revert the non-optimal projections of the World Health Organization, by both designing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches or improving the interventional procedures performed by physicians. Deeply understanding the pathological process of atherosclerosis is, therefore, mandatory to accomplish improved results in these trials. Due to their availability, reproducibility, low expensiveness, and rapid production, biomimicking physical models are preferred over animal experimentation because they can overcome some limitations, mainly related to replicability and ethical issues. Their capability to represent any atherosclerotic stage and/or plaque type makes them valuable tools to investigate hemodynamical, pharmacodynamical, and biomechanical behaviors, as well as to optimize imaging systems and, thus, obtain meaningful prospects to improve the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment on a patient-specific basis. However, the broadness of possible applications in which these biomodels can be used is associated with a wide range of tissue-mimicking materials that are selected depending on the final purpose of the model and, consequently, prioritizing some materials’ properties over others. This review aims to summarize the progress in fabricating biomimicking atherosclerotic models, mainly focusing on using materials according to the intended application.
The Empire of Affectivity: Qualitative Evidence of the Subjective Orgasm Experience
Authors: Mangas Pablo , da Silva Alves Mateus Egilson , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson , Sierra Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

The subjective orgasm experience (SOE) refers to its perception and/or assessment from a psychological viewpoint. Few works have approached this construct from a qualitative perspective and have never taken a consolidated theoretical model as a reference. This study aims to provide qualitative validity evidence to the Multidimensional Model of Subjective Orgasmic Experience, derived from the Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS), to qualitatively address SOE in the contexts of sexual relationships and solitary masturbation, analyzing the terms self-generated by individuals and examining the coincidence with the semantic descriptions of orgasm proposed by the ORS. Four hundred Spanish adults aged 18 to 64 years participated. The Technique of Free Association of Words was applied, and prototypical, frequency, and similitude analyses were performed. A similar description was observed concerning the terms generated in both contexts, with a higher frequency and intensity in the context of sexual relationships. In the context of solitary masturbation, negative orgasmic descriptions were evoked. Participants were able to elicit the vast majority of ORS adjectives, with Affective being the most notable dimension, followed closely by Rewards, especially in masturbation. Most of the adjectives were evoked simultaneously with those of the Affective, with “pleasurable” standing out as the most predominant one. This work provides qualitative evidence to the SOE study, ratifying the semantic composition of the ORS and thus endorsing the Multidimensional Model of Subjective Orgasmic Experience as a good theoretical model from which to continue studying the subjective orgasmic experience.
Evolution of Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality after COVID-19 among Spanish University Students
Authors: González Rico Andrea , Di Giusto Valle Cristina , Escolar-Llamazares María-Camino , de la Torre Cruz Tamara , Luis Rico Isabel , Martín Palacio María Eugenia
Published: February 2024

The repercussions of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over recent years have posed an unprecedented challenge for the whole of society, affecting the well-being of everyone. Among all the variables affected in relation to well-being, Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation) have been highlighted. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of those variables across three temporal phases: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and up until the end of the study in April 2022. A study was conducted during these temporal phases with three cohorts from Spanish Universities. The cohorts were formed of people assessed for Anxiety (660 pre-pandemic, 460 during the pandemic, and 311 at the end of the study), Emotional Intelligence (355 pre-pandemic, 91 during the pandemic, 311 at the end of the study), and Effective Personality (708 pre-pandemic, 174 in 2018, 311 at the end of the study). Anxiety was assessed with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Emotional Intelligence with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale and TMMS-24, and Effective Personality with the Cuestionario Personalidad Eficaz-Universidad (the Effective Personality Questionnaire-University). The results showed a rise in the state of anxiety during COVID-19, with a subsequent reduction two years into the pandemic; however, anxiety rates remained higher than before the pandemic. Emotional intelligence increased in the emotional attention factor, but diminished as regards both clarity and regulation. Effective Personality was at lower levels for all factors (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation). The main conclusion was the need for assistance with the dimensions under study, in order to improve the well-being of university students after the serious effects caused by COVID-19.
Perceptions of Arabian Gulf Residents and Citizens about Physical Activity and Social Media Awareness Campaigns: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alkhaldi Ghadah , Alotaibi Afaf , Alkasabi Rawan , Alsadhan Nourah , Alageel Samah
Published: February 2024

Physical activity (PA) is crucial for preventing chronic diseases, but in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Oman, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates), PA levels are lower than in developed countries. The Gulf Health Council’s social media PA awareness campaign responded to the public’s need for discussion and motivation on this topic. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured Zoom interviews with 19 participants from GCC countries between 21 September and 21 October 2021. It aimed to explore PA barriers, facilitators, and perceptions of awareness campaigns. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically. Facilitators for PA included health value, self-efficacy, persistence, variety, familiar consequences, social support, behavior change techniques, time management, starting at young age, and enjoyment. Barriers encompassed outdoor restrictions, limited amenities, age and weight biases, gym-centric views, lack of proficiency, and injury risk. The study also examined social media awareness campaigns’ effectiveness, identifying themes like engagement, acceptability, reach, design, presentation, and perceived outcomes. Results underscore the complexity of PA facilitators and barriers in the GCC, highlighting the need for campaigns addressing values, perceptions, social connections, and practical challenges, emphasizing the role of research and public policy in boosting PA levels.
A Study on the Effect of Dynamic Photovoltaic Shading Devices on Energy Consumption and Daylighting of an Office Building
Authors: Jiang Yan , Qi Zongxin , Ran Shenglin , Ma Qingsong
Published: February 2024

Photovoltaic shading devices (PVSDs) have the dual function of providing shade and generating electricity, which can reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor daylighting levels. This study adopts a parametric performance design method and establishes a one-click simulation process by using the Grasshopper platform and Ladybugtools. The research focuses on the effect of dynamic PVSDs on daylighting and energy consumption in an office building in Qingdao. The optimal configuration of PVSDs for each month under three dynamic strategies (rotation, sliding, and hybrid) is determined here. Additionally, different control strategies and fixed PVSDs are compared to clarify the impact of various control strategies on daylighting and energy consumption. The findings reveal that, compared to no shading, dynamic PVSDs in the rotation strategy, sliding strategy, and hybrid strategy can achieve energy savings of 32.13%, 47.22%, and 50.38%, respectively. They can also increase the annual average UDI by 1.39%, 2.8%, and 3.1%, respectively. Dynamic PVSDs can significantly reduce the energy consumption of office buildings in Qingdao while improving indoor daylighting levels. A flexible control strategy that adapts to climate change can significantly improve building performance. This research can provide theoretical, methodological, and data support for the application of the PVSD in cold-climate regions in China.
Analysis of Hydration Mechanism of Steel Slag-Based Cementitious Materials under Saline–Alkaline-Coupled Excitation
Authors: Liu Jianping , Liu Bing , Ge Xiaowei , Tian Yulin , Song Ge , Liu Kaixin , Wang Yilin
Published: February 2024

In order to realize the resourceful, large-scale, and high-value utilization of steel slag, which is a bulk industrial solid waste, and to reduce the use of cement-based cementitious materials, this study adopted the coupled excitation effect of sodium carbonate–magnesium oxide–desulfurization gypsum to excite steel slag-based cementitious materials, and it preliminarily investigated the hydration process of the steel slag-based cementitious system by the analysis of the heat of hydration of the cementitious materials and the pH value of the pore solution. The hydration products and microscopic morphology of the steel slag-based gelling material were initially investigated by XRD and SEM technical means on the gelling system. The results showed that the hydrolysis of the exciter and the dissociation of the active components in the steel slag provided an alkaline environment and relevant ions for the gelling system, which promoted the generation of the AFt and hydrotalcite phases. Subsequently, the AFt provided ungenerated sites for C-S-H gels as well as calcites, and the hydrotalcite phase accelerated the transformation of the carbonate phase in the gelling system, which promoted the synergistic effect of the hydration of the steel slag and mineral slag. Eventually, a large number of C-S-H gels, calcites, and other hydration products were generated in the gelling system under the synergistic effect of the hydration of the steel slag and slag, which was manifested in the improvement in the mechanical properties at the macrolevel. In addition, this study also standardized 28 d steel slag-based gelling for carbonization maintenance, and the data show that a carbonization temperature of 70 °C, CO2 pressure of 0.7 MPa, and carbonization time of 30 min achieved the best results, with a strength of up to 51.22 MPa, illustrating that steel slag-based gelling materials are safe and can be used for the green storage of CO2.
Research on the Method of Absolute Stress Measurement for Steel Structures via Laser Ultrasonic
Authors: Tian Hongsong , Kong Yujiang , Liu Bin , Ouyang Bin , He Zhenfeng , Liao Leng
Published: February 2024

Accurate measurement of the stress in steel structures is crucial for structural health monitoring. To achieve this goal, a novel technique, the laser ultrasonic technique, was used in absolute stress measurement in this study. The feasibility of this technique has been verified through theoretical analysis and finite element (FE) analysis. A stress measurement experiment in steel specimens was conducted and the relationship between ultrasonic relative wave velocity and stress was explored. The results revealed that there is a similar linear correlation between the ultrasonic relative wave velocity and absolute stress. The stress can be obtained based on ultrasonic relative wave velocity. According to the stress measurement results, it was found that the absolute error between the measured stress and theoretical stress was largest when the stress level was low, and that the measured error of stress gradually decreased with increases in the applied stress. The relative error between the measured stress and the theoretical stress was within 10% when the stress was higher than 100 MPa. This further verifies the reliability of the laser ultrasonic technique under high-stress conditions. Additionally, the impact of temperature and surface roughness on stress measurement was analyzed. The stress error in stress measurement increased similarly linearly with the increase in temperature and increased non-linearly with the increase in roughness. The corresponding compensation methods were proposed to effectively improve the accuracy of measurement.
Kinetics of Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction over an Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode in an Alkaline Medium
Authors: Siddika Munira , Hosen Nazmul , Althomali Raed H. , Al-Humaidi Jehan Y. , Rahman Mohammed M. , Hasnat Mohammad A.
Published: February 2024

Hydrogen peroxide is a promising substitute for fossil fuels because it produces non-hazardous by-products. In this work, a glassy carbon GC was anodized in sulphuric acid at +1.8 V to prepare the working electrode. It was utilized to investigate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a basic medium containing 0.1 M NaOH as a supporting electrolyte. The objective of this investigation was to synthesize hydrogen peroxide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDE) were performed for characterization and investigation of the catalytic properties. The RDE analysis confirmed that oxygen reduction reactions followed two electrons’ process at an activated GC electrode. Hence, the prepared electrode generated hydrogen peroxide from molecular oxygen at a potential of around −0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl), significantly lower than the pristine GC surface. The transfer coefficient, standard reduction potential, and standard rate constant were estimated to be 0.75, −0.27 V, and 9.5 × 10−3 cm s−1, respectively.
Adenosine in Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Function
Authors: Stepanova Mariya , Aherne Carol M.
Published: February 2024

At the intestinal front, several lines of defense are in place to resist infection and injury, the mucus layer, gut microbiome and strong epithelial junctions, to name a few. Their collaboration creates a resilient barrier. In intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), barrier function is compromised, which results in rampant inflammation and tissue injury. In response to the destruction, the intestinal epithelium releases adenosine, a small but powerful nucleoside that functions as an alarm signal. Amidst the chaos of inflammation, adenosine aims to restore order. Within the scope of its effects is the ability to regulate intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. This review aims to define the contributions of adenosine to mucus production, microbiome-dependent barrier protection, tight junction dynamics, chloride secretion and acid–base balance to reinforce its importance in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Developmental Ethanol Exposure Impacts Purkinje Cells but Not Microglia in the Young Adult Cerebellum
Authors: Cealie MaKenna Y. , Douglas James C. , Swan Hannah K. , Vonkaenel Erik D. , McCall Matthew N. , Drew Paul D. , Majewska Ania K.
Published: February 2024

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) caused by developmental ethanol exposure lead to cerebellar impairments, including motor problems, decreased cerebellar weight, and cell death. Alterations in the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells, and central nervous system immune cells, microglia, have been reported in animal models of FASD. To determine how developmental ethanol exposure affects adult cerebellar microglia and Purkinje cells, we used a human third-trimester binge exposure model in which mice received ethanol or saline from postnatal (P) days 4–9. In adolescence, cerebellar cranial windows were implanted and mice were aged to young adulthood for examination of microglia and Purkinje cells in vivo with two-photon imaging or in fixed tissue. Ethanol had no effect on microglia density, morphology, dynamics, or injury response. However, Purkinje cell linear frequency was reduced by ethanol. Microglia–Purkinje cell interactions in the Purkinje Cell Layer were altered in females compared to males. Overall, developmental ethanol exposure had few effects on cerebellar microglia in young adulthood and Purkinje cells appeared to be more susceptible to its effects.
Mussel-Inspired Construction of Silica-Decorated Ceramic Membranes for Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Zhou Qibo , Chang Qibing , Lu Yao , Sun Jing
Published: February 2024

In recent years, ceramic membranes have received widespread focus in the area of liquid separation because of their high permeability, strong hydrophilicity, and good chemical stability. However, in practical applications, the surface of ceramic membranes is prone to be contaminated, which degrades the permeation flux of ceramic membranes during the separation process. Inspired by mussels, we imitate the biomimetic mineralization process to prepare a ceramic membrane of nano–silica on the pre-modified zirconia surface by co-deposited polydopamine/polyethyleneimine. The modified ceramic membranes were utilized for the purpose of oil–water separation. Separation performance has been tested using a disc ceramic membrane dynamic filtration device. The outcomes revealed an enhanced permeability in the modified membrane, measuring as 159 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, surpassing the separation flux of the unmodified membrane, which was 104 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. The permeation performance of the modified membrane was increased to 1.5 times. Modified ceramic membranes are highly resistant to fouling. From the beginning to the end of separation process, the oil rejection rate of the modified ceramic membrane is always higher than 99%. After a 2 h oil–water separation test run, modified ceramic membrane permeate flux can be restored to 91% after cleaning. It has an enormous capacity for application in the area of oil–water separation.
Sustainable Approaches for the Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Materials
Authors: Villa Alice , Gianchandani Pardeep , Baino Francesco
Published: February 2024

Additive manufacturing technologies collectively refer to a set of layer-wise deposition methods that typically rely on CAD-CAM approaches for obtaining products with a complex shape/geometry and high precision and reliability. If the additive manufacturing of polymers is relatively easy and scalable due to the low temperatures needed to obtain processable inks, using similar technologies to fabricate ceramic products is indeed more challenging and expensive but, on the other hand, allows for obtaining high-quality results that would not be achievable through conventional methods. Furthermore, the implementation of additive manufacturing allows for the addressing of some important concerns related to the environment and sustainability, including the minimization of resource depletion and waste production/disposal. Specifically, additive manufacturing technologies can provide improvements in energy consumption and production costs, besides obtaining less waste material and less CO2 emissions, which are all key points in the context of the circular economy. After providing an overview of the additive manufacturing methods which are specifically applied to ceramics, this review presents the sustainability elements of these processing strategies, with a focus on both current and future benefits. The paucity of specific available studies in the literature—which are included and discussed in this review—suggests that the research on additive manufacturing sustainability in the field of ceramic materials is in the preliminary stage and that more relevant work still deserves to be carried out in the future to explore this fascinating field at the boundary among ceramics science/technology, production engineering and waste management.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils from Goniothalamus tortilipetalus M.R.Hend. and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Anatachodwanit Aknarin , Promnart Phunrawie , Deachathai Suwanna , Maneerat Tharakorn , Charoensup Rawiwan , Duangyod Thidarat , Laphookhieo Surat
Published: February 2024

This work was the first investigation of the essential oil composition of Goniothalamus tortilipetalus M.R.Hend. The aim of this study is to investigate the essential oil composition extracted from different parts of Goniothalamus tortilipetalus M.R.Hend., including flowers, leaves, and twigs, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The Clevenger apparatus was used for hydrodistillation to prepare the essential oils. The essential oils were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The three major compounds of the flowers were bicyclogermacrene (15.81%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (14.68%), and E-caryophyllene (7.02%), whereas the leaves were p-cymene (39.57%), ascaridole (9.39%), and α-copaene (9.12%). In the case of the twigs, α-copaene (10.34%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (8.85%), and p-cymene (7.76%) were the major compounds. The flower essential oil showed antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 725.21 µg/mL and 123.06 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The flower essential oil also displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri, with the same MIC value of 640 µg/mL.
The Art of Fluorescence Imaging with Chemical Sensors: The Next Decade 2012–2022
Authors: Schäferling Michael , Ondrus Vladimir
Published: February 2024

Imaging methods by the means of optical sensors are applied in diverse scientific areas such as medical research and diagnostics, aerodynamics, environmental analysis, or marine research. After a general introduction to the field, this review is focused on works published between 2012 and 2022. The covered topics include planar sensors (optrodes), nanoprobes, and sensitive coatings. Advanced sensor materials combined with imaging technologies enable the visualization of parameters which exhibit no intrinsic color or fluorescence, such as oxygen, pH, CO2, H2O2, Ca2+, or temperature. The progress on the development of multiple sensors and methods for referenced signal read out is also highlighted, as is the recent progress in device design and application formats using model systems in the lab or methods for measurements’ in the field.
Static Malware Analysis Using Low-Parameter Machine Learning Models
Authors: Baker del Aguila Ryan , Contreras Pérez Carlos Daniel , Silva-Trujillo Alejandra Guadalupe , Cuevas-Tello Juan C. , Nunez-Varela Jose
Published: February 2024

Recent advancements in cybersecurity threats and malware have brought into question the safety of modern software and computer systems. As a direct result of this, artificial intelligence-based solutions have been on the rise. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the efficacy of memory-optimized machine learning solutions for the task of static analysis of software metadata. The study comprises an evaluation and comparison of the performance metrics of three popular machine learning solutions: artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVMs), and gradient boosting machines (GBMs). The study provides insights into the effectiveness of memory-optimized machine learning solutions when detecting previously unseen malware. We found that ANNs shows the best performance with 93.44% accuracy classifying programs as either malware or legitimate even with extreme memory constraints.
Construction Methods and Lessons Learned for a Non-Proprietary Ultra-High Performance Concrete Overlay
Authors: Alvarez Andres , Toledo William K. , Weldon Brad D. , Newtson Craig M.
Published: February 2024

The work presented in this paper includes the construction methods and lessons learned from the placement of a non-proprietary ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) overlay through the rehabilitation of a concrete bridge deck located in Socorro, New Mexico, USA. The selected bridge is a multi-cell, box girder bridge with four spans and a total length of 91.4 m and a width of 16.5 m with two traffic lanes. Rehabilitation of the bridge involved removing the top surface of the existing deck (deteriorated concrete), installing a high-performance deck (HPD) leveling course, and placing a 25 mm UHPC overlay. Sensors were installed in the bridge superstructure (multi-cell box girders, HPD, and overlay) for long-term monitoring. Overlay assessment included physical testing to evaluate the condition of the overlay–substrate bond by chain dragging and direct tension pull-off testing. Conclusions and lessons learned from this investigation serve as a fundamental list of best practices and recommendations for field construction of a non-proprietary UHPC overlay. Recommendations for preparatory tasks including material selection, substrate surface preparation, placement preparation, handling of materials, and UHPC mixing are provided. The recommendations also list best practices concerning the placement of the overlay, curing procedures, and quality assurance testing. Lastly, suggestions are presented for contracts pertaining to UHPC overlay projects.
A Novel Approach for Position Verification and Dose Calculation through Local MVCT Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Zerui , Lei Yuxin , Wen Junhai
Published: February 2024

Traditional positioning verification using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) may incur errors due to potential misalignments between the isocenter of CBCT and the treatment beams in radiotherapy. This study introduces an innovative method for verifying patient positioning in radiotherapy. Initially, the transmission images from an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) are acquired from 10 distinct angles. Utilizing the ART-TV algorithm, a sparse reconstruction of local megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) is performed. Subsequently, this MVCT is aligned with the planning CT via a three-dimensional mutual information registration technique, pinpointing any patient-positioning discrepancies and facilitating corrective adjustments to the treatment setup. Notably, this approach employs the same radiation source as used in treatment to obtain three-dimensional images, thereby circumventing errors stemming from misalignment between the isocenter of CBCT and the accelerator. The registration process requires only 10 EPID images, and the dose absorbed during this process is included in the total dose calculation. The results show that our method’s reconstructed MVCT images fulfill the requirements for registration, and the registration algorithm accurately detects positioning errors, thus allowing for adjustments in the patient’s treatment position and precise calculation of the absorbed dose.
Examining Parental Stress and Autism in the Early Days of the Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Haidar Ban S. , Meadan Hedda
Published: February 2024

In this convergent parallel mixed-methods study, we investigated the early impact of the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate in Illinois on 16 caregivers of children with autism. Our goal was to understand contributors to caregivers’ stress by integrating qualitative and quantitative data. Through a joint display, we explored the intricate relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of their child’s needs, the loss of essential services, and stress levels. The caregivers’ reported needs, wishes, barriers, and coping strategies informed and corroborated final quantitative results on stress levels. Significant associations were found between stress levels and caregivers’ agreement with statements on child supervision, service loss, and perceived level of their child’s independence. These findings underscore the importance for robust support systems that enhance family resilience and validate prior research during exceptional circumstances. They offer insights for policymakers and service providers seeking to improve the well-being of families raising children with autism, particularly in times of crisis.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
Authors: Úbeda Félix , Santander Sonia , Luesma María José
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Hereditary fructose intolerance or hereditary fructosemia is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a loss of function in the aldolase B gene. This disorder affects 1 in 20,000 people, constituting a rare disease with a favorable prognosis through adherence to a fructose-free diet. Despite dietary management, chronic pathology may manifest, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis to mitigate adverse effects. However, early detection of the disease poses significant challenges. Aim: Our aim was to compile pertinent information on the differential diagnosis of this pathology based on patient symptoms, facilitating the development of a diagnostic algorithm for early identification. Methodology: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted on empirical studies from PubMed, encompassing a total of 35 studies. Results: Individuals with fructose intolerance may acutely experience postprandial symptoms such as hypoglycemia, vomiting, and abdominal distension. Despite proper treatment, chronic complications such as fatty liver, Fanconi syndrome, growth deficiency, and irritable bowel syndrome may arise. The proposed diagnostic algorithm aims to minimize these adverse processes. Conclusions: Understanding the pathogenesis enables prompt diagnosis and prevention of chronicity. Establishing continuity of care from pediatric to adult medicine is crucial, and disseminating information to non-pediatric endocrinologists is imperative for managing this rare disease.