bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk-Based Selection of Individuals for Oral Cancer Screening
Authors: Cheung Li C. , Ramadas Kunnambath , Muwonge Richard , Katki Hormuzd A. , Thomas Gigi , Graubard Barry I. , Basu Partha , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Somanathan Thara , Chaturvedi Anil K.
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE:

We evaluated proof of principle for resource-efficient, risk-based screening through reanalysis of the Kerala Oral Cancer Screening Trial.

METHODS:

The cluster-randomized trial included three triennial rounds of visual inspection (seven clusters, n = 96,516) versus standard of care (six clusters, n = 95,354) and up to 9 years of follow-up. We developed a Cox regression–based risk prediction model for oral cancer incidence. Using this risk prediction model to adjust for the oral cancer risk imbalance between arms, through intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses that accounted for cluster randomization, we calculated the relative (hazard ratios [HRs]) and absolute (rate differences [RDs]) screening efficacy on oral cancer mortality and compared screening efficiency across risk thresholds.

RESULTS:

Oral cancer mortality was reduced by 27% in the screening versus control arms (HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.98), including a 29% reduction in ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users (HR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.99). This relative efficacy was similar across oral cancer risk quartiles ( P interaction = .59); consequently, the absolute efficacy increased with increasing model-predicted risk—overall trial: RD in the lowest risk quartile (Q1) = 0.5/100,000 versus 13.4/100,000 in the highest quartile (Q4), P trend = .059 and ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users: Q1 RD = 1.0/100,000 versus Q4 = 22.5/100,000; P trend = .026. In a population akin to the Kerala trial, screening of 100% of individuals would provide 27.1% oral cancer mortality reduction at number needed to screen (NNS) = 2,043. Restriction of screening to ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users with no additional risk stratification would substantially enhance efficiency (43.4% screened for 23.3% oral cancer mortality reduction at NNS = 1,029), whereas risk prediction model–based screening of 50% of ever-tobacco and/or ever-alcohol users at highest risk would further enhance efficiency with little loss in program sensitivity (21.7% screened for 19.7% oral cancer mortality reduction at NNS = 610).

CONCLUSION:

In the Kerala trial, the efficacy of oral cancer screening was greatest in individuals at highest oral cancer risk. These results provide proof of principle that risk-based oral cancer screening could substantially enhance the efficiency of screening programs.
Breast Cancer in Adolescent and Young Adult Women Under the Age of 40 Years
Authors: Cathcart-Rake Elizabeth J. , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Bleyer Archie , Johnson Rebecca H.
Published: January 2021

In the United States, one in 196 women is diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 40 years. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs), of age 15-39 years at diagnosis, experience a number of unique challenges when confronting breast cancer. The incidence of invasive breast cancer has increased among AYA women in the United States since 2004, and most of this change is due to an increase in young women diagnosed with distant disease. AYAs are more likely than older women to present with aggressive subtypes and advanced disease, and they often require systemic staging at diagnosis. Clinical trials should be considered whenever possible, particularly in AYAs with locally advanced or metastatic disease at diagnosis and those with disease progression or recurrence. A significant proportion of AYAs carry germline cancer predisposition mutations, which necessitates prompt genetic testing for all AYAs at diagnosis and may influence choice of local therapy. Suppression of ovarian function, as an adjunct to chemotherapy, may improve breast cancer survival in AYAs. To provide optimal care for AYAs with breast cancer, clinicians should engage multidisciplinary teams that offer fertility preservation, genetic counseling, physical and occupational therapy, nutrition, and psychosocial support, along with medical expertise in tailoring cancer-directed therapy and symptom management toward young women.
Effects of an “Active-Workstation” Cluster RCT on Daily Waking Physical Behaviors
Authors: ARGUELLO DIEGO , THORNDIKE ANNE N. , CLOUTIER GREGORY , MORTON ALVIN , CASTANEDA-SCEPPA CARMEN , JOHN DINESH
Published: January 2021

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sit-to-stand and treadmill desks on sedentary behavior during a 12-month, cluster-randomized multicomponent intervention with an intent-to-treat design in overweight office workers.

Methods

Sixty-six office workers were cluster-randomized into a control (n = 21; 8 clusters), sit-to-stand desk (n = 23; 9 clusters), or treadmill desk (n = 22; 7 clusters) group. Participants wore an activPAL™ accelerometer for 7 d at baseline, month 3, month 6, and month 12 and received periodic feedback on their physical behaviors. The primary outcome was total daily sedentary time. Exploratory outcomes included total daily and workplace sedentary, standing and stepping time, and the number of total daily and workplace sedentary, standing, and stepping bouts. Intervention effects were analyzed using random-intercept mixed linear models accounting for repeated measures and clustering effects.

Results

Total daily sedentary time did not significantly differ between or within groups after 12 months. Month 3 gains were observed in total daily and workplace standing time in both intervention groups (sit-to-stand desk: mean Δ ± SD, 1.03 ± 1.9 h·d−1 and 1.10 ± 1.87 h at work; treadmill desk: mean Δ ± SD, 1.23 ± 2.25 h·d−1 and 1.44 ± 2.54 h at work). At month 3, the treadmill desk users stepped more at the workplace than the control group (mean Δ ± SD, 0.69 ± 0.87 h). Month 6 gains in total daily stepping were observed within the sit-to-stand desk group (mean Δ ± SD, 0.82 ± 1.62 h·d−1), and month 3 gains in stepping at the workplace were observed for the treadmill desk group (mean Δ ± SD, 0.77 ± 0.83 h). These trends were sustained through month 12 in only the sit-to-stand desk group.

Conclusions

Active-workstation interventions may cause short-term improvements in daily standing and stepping. Treadmill desk users engaged in fewer sedentary bouts, but sit-to-stand desks resulted in more frequent transitions to upright physical behaviors.
In Vivo Visualization of Tissue Damage Induced by Percutaneous Muscle Biopsy via Novel High-Resolution MR Imaging
Authors: PREISNER FABIAN , FRIEDMANN-BETTE BIRGIT , WEHRSTEIN MICHAELA , VOLLHERBST DOMINIK FRANZ-JOSEF , HEILAND SABINE , BENDSZUS MARTIN , HILGENFELD TIM
Published: January 2021

Purpose

Percutaneous muscle biopsy is the gold standard for tissue assessment in clinical practice and scientific studies. The aim of this study was to assess and quantify the ensuing tissue damage by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

In this prospective study, we enrolled 22 healthy participants who underwent MRI of the thigh musculature about 1 wk after a percutaneous muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle. A total of 17 participants also volunteered for a second MR examination 2 wk after biopsy. Volumes of susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) lesions and muscle edema were assessed by SWI and T2-weighted MRI, respectively, after manual segmentation by two independent readers. For quantitative in vivo hematoma volume assessment, we additionally determined signal changes induced by experimental hematoma in an ex vivo model.

Results

Mean overall volume of SWI lesions 1 wk after biopsy was 26.5 ± 21.7 μL, accompanied by a mean perifocal edema volume of 790.1 ± 591.4 μL. In participants who underwent two examinations, mean volume of SWI lesions slightly decreased from 29.8 ± 23.6 to 23.9 ± 16.8 μL within 1 wk (P = 0.13). Muscle edema volume decreased from 820.2 ± 632.4 to 359.6 ± 207.3 μL at the same time (P = 0.006). By calibration with the ex vivo findings, signal alterations on SWI corresponded to a blood volume of approximately 10–50 μL.

Conclusions

Intramuscular hematoma and accompanying muscle edema after percutaneous biopsy are small and decrease rapidly within the first 2 wk. These in vivo findings underline the limited invasiveness of the procedure.
Sex Difference in Hip Adduction during the Stance Phase of Running: A Swing Phase Problem?
Authors: LIU JIA , SALEM GEORGE J. , POWERS CHRISTOPHER M.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The purpose of the current study was 1) to evaluate sex differences in peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phases of running and 2) to determine whether peak hip adduction during late swing is predictive of peak hip adduction during stance.

Methods

A total of 15 female and 16 male heel strike runners ran over ground at a speed of 4 m·s−1. Hip joint kinematics during running were quantified using a 3D motion capture system. Sex differences in peak hip adduction during the late swing and stance phases were compared using independent-samples t-tests. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between late swing and stance phase hip adduction.

Results

Compared with males, females exhibited significantly greater peak hip adduction during both the late swing (8.5° ± 2.6° vs 6.1° ± 2.8°, P = 0.019) and the stance phases of running (13.3° ± 4.2° vs 9.6° ± 3.4°, P = 0.011). Furthermore, late swing peak hip adduction was predictive of subsequent stance phase peak hip adduction (r = 0.63, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Sex differences in hip adduction during stance are influenced in part by late swing phase hip adduction. Further studies are needed to identify potential causes of excessive hip adduction during the late swing phase of running.
Forecasting eco-evolutionary dynamics in the Northern Blue butterfly (Lycaeides idas)
Authors: Gompert Zachariah , Lucas Lauren
Published: January 2021

Natural selection can drive rapid evolutionary change, particularly in human-altered habitats. Rapid adaptation to global change requires standing genetic variation for ecologically important traits, but at present little is known about how much relevant genetic variation most populations possess. With this in mind, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in a series of natural butterfly populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) in 2012 to quantify the contribution of environment-dependent natural selection to evolution in these butterfly populations, and determine whether selection varies enough across space and time to maintain variation that could facilitate adaptation to global change. In 2018, we visited 11 focal populations to collect samples for DNA, estimate population sizes (using distance sampling and mark-release-recapture methods), and survey arthropod communities at the sites. Our analyses are ongoing, and this is a preliminary report, but thus far we have found that census population sizes are much higher than contemporary effective population sizes (though these metrics are highly correlated), and that both are independent of genetic diversity levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selection plays a central role in eco-evolutionary dynamics in this system.

 

Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.
Optimal statistical arbitrage trading of Berkshire Hathaway stock and its replicating portfolio
Authors: Chen An-Sing , Yang Che-Ming
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we make use of the replicating asset for statistical arbitrage trading, where the replicating asset is constructed by a portfolio that mimics the returns from a factor model. Using the replicating asset in the context of statistical arbitrage has never been done before in the literature. A novel optimal statistical arbitrage trading model is applied, and we derive the average transaction length and return for the Berkshire A stock and its replicating asset. The results show that the statistical arbitrage method proposed by Bertram (2010) is profitable by using the replicating asset. We also compute the average returns under different transaction costs. For the statistical arbitrage using the replicating asset of the factor model, average annual returns were at least 33%. Robustness is examined with the S&P500. Our results can provide hedge fund managers with a new technique for conducting statistical arbitrage.
The prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes among Afghan women in Iran; Findings from community-based survey
Authors: Dadras Omid , Nakayama Takeo , Kihara Masahiro , Ono-Kihara Masako , Seyedalinaghi Seyedahmad , Dadras Fateme
Published: January 2021

Backgrounds

An estimated 2.5 million Afghans are living in the Iran and almost half of them are young women at the childbearing ages. Although the evidence indicates lower rates of antenatal care and higher incidence of pregnancy complications in Afghan compared to Iranian women, the underlying reasons are not well defined. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and examine the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health, and housing issues on pregnancy outcome in Afghan women living in Iran.

Methods

In July 2019, we enrolled 424 Afghan women aged 18–44 years old using the time-location sampling at three community health centers in the south region of Tehran province. The data was collected through face to face interviews using the researcher-developed questionnaire. Using bivariate and multivariate analysis, the impact of poor antenatal care, intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and poor mental health was assessed on the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome.

Results

More than half (56.6%) of Afghan women reported at least one pregnancy complication in their recent pregnancy. The results showed that undocumented, illiterate, and unemployed Afghan women with lower socioeconomic status are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, we observed lower prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among documented immigrants with health insurance compared to those with no health insurance. It is also been found that the food insecurity [Adjusted OR = 3.35, 95% CI (1.34–8.36)], poor antenatal care [Adjusted OR = 10.50, 95% CI (5.40–20.39)], intimate partner violence [Adjusted OR = 2.72, 95% CI (1.10–6.77)], and poor mental health [Adjusted OR = 4.77, 95% CI (2.54–8.94)] could adversely impact the pregnancy outcome and we observed higher incidence of adverse outcomes among those suffering from these situations.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study that explored the prevalence and associated factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes and the impact of intimate partner violence, food insecurity, poor mental health on pregnancy outcome among Afghan women in Iran. Enhancing the psychosocial support and empowering Afghan women through expanding the social network and safety net should be a priority for the central government and international parties. Psychological counseling should be incorporated into routine maternity care for Afghan refugees. Access to free antenatal care is a right for all Afghan women and it should be facilitated by universal health insurance for all Afghans regardless of their legal status.
A framework for the risk prediction of avian influenza occurrence: An Indonesian case study
Authors: Yousefinaghani Samira , Dara Rozita , Poljak Zvonimir , Song Fei , Sharif Shayan
Published: January 2021

Avian influenza viruses can cause economically devastating diseases in poultry and have the potential for zoonotic transmission. To mitigate the consequences of avian influenza, disease prediction systems have become increasingly important. In this study, we have proposed a framework for the prediction of the occurrence and spread of avian influenza events in a geographical area. The application of the proposed framework was examined in an Indonesian case study. An extensive list of historical data sources containing disease predictors and target variables was used to build spatiotemporal and transactional datasets. To combine disparate sources, data rows were scaled to a temporal scale of 1-week and a spatial scale of 1-degree × 1-degree cells. Given the constructed datasets, underlying patterns in the form of rules explaining the risk of occurrence and spread of avian influenza were discovered. The created rules were combined and ordered based on their importance and then stored in a knowledge base. The results suggested that the proposed framework could act as a tool to gain a broad understanding of the drivers of avian influenza epidemics and may facilitate the prediction of future disease events.
Evaluation of a generalized knowledge-based planning performance for VMAT irradiation of breast and locoregional lymph nodes—Internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions
Authors: Rago Maria , Placidi Lorenzo , Polsoni Mattia , Rambaldi Giulia , Cusumano Davide , Greco Francesca , Indovina Luca , Menna Sebastiano , Placidi Elisa , Stimato Gerardina , Teodoli Stefania , Mattiucci Gian Carlo , Chiesa Silvia , Marazzi Fabio , Masiello Valeria , Valentini Vincenzo , De Spirito Marco , Azario Luigi
Published: January 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the performance of eleven Knowledge-Based (KB) models for planning optimization (RapidPlantm (RP), Varian) of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) applied to whole breast comprehensive of nodal stations, internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions.

Methods and materials

Six RP models have been generated and trained based on 120 VMAT plans data set with different criteria. Two extra-structures were delineated: a PTV for the optimization and a ring structure. Five more models, twins of the previous models, have been created without the need of these structures.

Results

All models were successfully validated on an independent cohort of 40 patients, 30 from the same institute that provided the training patients and 10 from an additional institute, with the resulting plans being of equal or better quality compared with the clinical plans. The internal validation shows that the models reduce the heart maximum dose of about 2 Gy, the mean dose of about 1 Gy and the V20Gy of 1.5 Gy on average. Model R and L together with model B without optimization structures ensured the best outcomes in the 20% of the values compared to other models. The external validation observed an average improvement of at least 16% for the V5Gy of lungs in RP plans. The mean heart dose and for the V20Gy for lung IPSI were almost halved. The models reduce the maximum dose for the spinal canal of more than 2 Gy on average

Conclusions

All KB models allow a homogeneous plan quality and some dosimetric gains, as we saw in both internal and external validation. Sub-KB models, developed by splitting right and left breast cases or including only whole breast with locoregional lymph nodes, have shown good performances, comparable but slightly worse than the general model. Finally, models generated without the optimization structures, performed better than the original ones.
Association of the erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance index and the geriatric nutritional risk index with cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients
Authors: Yajima Takahiro , Yajima Kumiko , Takahashi Hiroshi
Published: January 2021

Objective

Hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) may be associated with protein-energy wasting. We investigated the relationship of the ESA resistance index (ERI) and the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

Methods

A total of 180 maintenance HD patients were enrolled. The patients were stratified by the GNRI of 91.2, a previously reported cut-off value, and the ERI of 13.7 (IU/week/kg/g/dL), a cut-off value for predicting cardiovascular-specific mortality, and they were classified into four groups (group 1[G1]: higher GNRI and lower ERI, G2: higher GNRI and higher ERI, G3: lower GNRI and lower ERI, G4: lower GNRI and higher ERI).

Results

The ERI was independently associated with the GNRI (β = −0.271, p = 0.0005). During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, higher ERI and lower GNRI were independently associated with cardiovascular mortality, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–7.34, and aHR, 6.64; 95%CI, 2.60–16.93, respectively). The 7-year survival rates were 96.1%, 70.3%, 77.3%, and 50.1% in G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively. The aHR values for G4 versus G1 were 12.63 (95%CI, 3.58–44.59). With regards to model discrimination, adding the GNRI alone, the ERI alone, and both to the traditional risk model significantly improved the net reclassification improvement by 0.421, 0.662, and 0.671, respectively. Similar results were obtained for all-cause mortality.

Conclusion

The ERI was independently associated with the GNRI, and could predict cardiovascular mortality in HD patients. Moreover, the combination of GNRI and ERI could improve the predictability for cardiovascular mortality.
Escogiendo ministros y formando políticos: los partidos en gabinetes multipartidistas
Authors: Inácio Magna
Published: January 2021

El artículo examina la elección de los ministros y estima las posibilidades de selección de los políticos profesionales vis-à-vis la selección de técnicos o políticos novatos en gabinetes multipartidistas. La selección ministerial es analizada como un cálculo partidario para convertir la designación ministerial en un recurso para la retención y/o proyección de sus cuadros partidarios. Se testearon dos hipótesis: a) la lealtad, los vínculos partidarios y la pertenencia a partidos competitivos aumentan las chances de selección de políticos profesionales para el cargo de ministro; b) las probabilidades de selección de políticos novatos o tecnócratas aumentan con la expertise o la pertenencia a partidos en fase de expansión organizacional. El análisis se concentra en los gobiernos multipartidistas formados en Brasil (1995-2010). Los resultados muestran que la trayectoria dentro del partido es decisiva para la selección de políticos profesionales, mientras que la pertenencia al partido del presidente favorece el ingreso de nuevos cuadros en el gobierno. El estudio presenta evidencias sobre la complejidad de la selección ministerial en gabinetes multipartidistas a la luz de los dilemas organizacionales enfrentados por los partidos.
Gabinetes de partido único y democracias presidenciales. Indagaciones a partir del caso argentino
Authors: Camerlo Marcelo
Published: January 2021

El estudio de los gabinetes presidenciales se ha focalizado predominantemente en las formaciones de coalición, distinguiendo a los ministros en función de su afiliación partidaria particularmente en los momentos de instauración y terminación del gabinete. Este artículo desplaza el foco de análisis hacia los gabinetes de partido único para indagar las modalidades de selección de ministros en situaciones donde el soporte legislativo de coalición pierde relevancia. Se propone un modelo de análisis que incluye la observación de afiliaciones extrapartidarias, capacidades técnicas individuales y vínculos personales con el presidente, y se lo aplica al estudio del caso argentino. Los resultados sugieren que presidentes bien posicionados tienden a aplicar estrategias de distribución de ministerios más cerradas, con grados de institucionalidad que dependen de la organización partidaria del presidente y su estilo de liderazgo.
El clivaje etario: backlash cultural en Chile
Authors: Bunker Kenneth
Published: January 2021

Literatura reciente sugiere que los factores culturales están ganando poder predictivo sobre determinantes ideológicos en la explicación del comportamiento electoral en democracias establecidas. Pero, ¿ocurre lo mismo en democracias nuevas? Este artículo busca responder a esta pregunta tomando como referencia el caso de Chile. Utiliza datos de encuestas para comparar factores culturales con los determinantes ideológicos y cohortes de edad globales con generaciones políticas locales. Muestra que el patrón en Chile coincide con el observado en democracias desarrolladas.
El Estado líquido: discusiones sobre la volatilidad de las políticas públicas y evidencias de Argentina y Brasil (1995-2006)
Authors: Cingolani Luciana
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: El artículo se propone ofrecer un análisis integral sobre la manera en que ha sido abordada la cuestión de la inestabilidad de las políticas públicas: su impacto en el desarrollo económico de los países, la heterogeneidad de enfoques teóricos que la estudian, las maneras en que ha sido conceptualizada y las posibles causas que la literatura ha delineado explicando el fenómeno. Ofrece asimismo un diagnóstico sobre los niveles de inestabilidad de las políticas en Argentina y Brasil entre los años 1995 y 2006 y discute brevemente algunas previsiones de la teoría a la luz de los resultados observados. Estos resultados arrojan una serie de conclusiones: a) hay un nivel sustancialmente más alto de inestabilidad de las políticas en Argentina que en Brasil; b) hay una desproporción entre la importancia del concepto como determinante del desarrollo y su sistematización como variable independiente, y c) se produce una serie de contradicciones entre diferentes corrientes neoinstitucionales, y entre algunas de estas teorías y la evidencia empírica. ABSTRACT: The article aims to present a comprehensive analysis of different aspects concerning the concept of policy instability: its impacts on economic development, the multiple and hetereogeneus theoretical approaches that address it, the construction of its definition and the possible causes behind it. It also offers a diagnosis of policy instability levels in Argentina and Brazil between 1995 and 2006, and discusses some of the theoretical previsions in light of the evidence found. The general findings suggest that: a) there is a significantly higher level of policy instability in Argentina than in Brazil, b) there is a mismatch between the importance of policy stability as a determinant of development and its systematization as independent variable, and c) a series of contradictions can be found between different rational choice neoinstitutionalist theories, and between some of these theories and the empirical evidence.
La matriz movimientista de acción colectiva en Argentina: la experiencia del espacio militante kirchnerista
Authors: Pérez Germán J. , Natalucci Ana
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: La asunción de Néstor Kirchner fue interpretada por algunas organizaciones sociales y piqueteras como parte de un proceso de reconstitución política. A partir de este hito, redefinieron su estrategia organizacional y de confrontación con el régimen político; se propusieron conformar frentes que pudieran reposicionar a las organizaciones y a sus dirigentes en un proceso de recreación del imaginario movimientista fuertemente enraizado en la cultura política de los sectores populares en Argentina. La propuesta de este artículo es reconstruir el espacio militante kirchnerista emergente en este contexto. Se pretende analizar su proceso de emergencia, tratando de dar cuenta de los vínculos generados entre esas experiencias y la dinámica de la movilización. Finalmente, se propone una evaluación de las virtudes políticas de una matriz movimientista en el horizonte político contemporáneo en Argentina. ABSTRACT: The assumption of Néstor Kirchner was interpreted by some social organizations and piqueteros as part of a process of political reconstruction. From this milestone, they redefined its organizational strategy and confrontation with the political regime; they also proposed forming fronts that could reposition the organizations and their leaders, in a process of re-creation of imaginary movements strongly rooted in the political culture of popular sectors in Argentina. The proposal of this article is to reconstruct the kirchnerista militant space emerging in this context. The intention is to analyse the process of emergency, trying to account for the links generated between those experiences and dynamics of mobilization. Finally, there is an assessment of the political virtues of a matrix of mobilization movements in the contemporary political horizon in Argentina.
De la España que emigra a la España que acoge: contexto, dimensión y características de la inmigración latinoamericana en España
Authors: Muñoz De Bustillo Rafael , Antón José Ignacio
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una panorámica del fenómeno de la inmigración latinoamericana en España. Para ello, se analiza, por un lado, la evolución y composición de los flujos migratorios en España a lo largo de los últimos años. Por otra parte, se examinan las principales características demográficas y socioeconómicas de los latinoamericanos residentes en España, destacando las diferencias existentes con los españoles y con otros colectivos de extranjeros.
Impunidad en El Salvador y Guatemala: «de la locura a la esperanza: ¿nunca más?»
Authors: Martínez Barahona Elena , Gutiérrez Salazar Martha Liliana , Rincón Fonseca Liliana
Published: January 2021

El tema de las transiciones a la democracia ha sido abordado principalmente desde las élites políticas. Los estudiosos han encontrado que en el primer momento de la transición es el pulso entre dichos grupos el que determinará qué tipo de medidas se adoptan, y si incluyen los juicios a los represores. Sin embargo, más allá de dichas decisiones, el Poder judicial, la sociedad civil e incluso cambios de gobierno pueden influir el proceso, y las políticas de verdad y justicia adoptadas en un principio pueden cambiar mucho tiempo después. Este tema, que se viene estudiando en el Cono Sur de América Latina, ha sido menos explorado en Centroamérica, donde el énfasis inicial se puso en la verdad, y los esfuerzos por judicializar las violaciones del pasado apenas cuentan con algunos resultados iniciales en el ámbito nacional. Es por ello que este trabajo se propone explorar y explicar el desarrollo y estado actual de los mecanismos de justicia transicional en Guatemala y El Salvador, poniendo énfasis en la judicialización de los crímenes ocurridos durante los conflictos armados, su evolución y el papel que han jugado diversos actores nacionales en estos procesos.
Opareí. La justicia de transición en Paraguay
Authors: Rosaria Stabili Maria
Published: January 2021

El propósito del artículo es analizar, después de haber ofrecido una reconstrucción sintética del régimen de Stroessner, las complejas dinámicas de la justicia de transición en Paraguay. Especial atención se dedica al descubrimiento, en 1992, de los «Archivos del Terror» y a la constitución y funcionamiento de la Comisión de Verdad y justicia creada, en octubre 2003, por el presidente de la República, Nicanor Duarte Frutos. También se reflexiona sobre las reacciones de los políticos y del Poder Judicial a las recomendaciones y medidas de reparación sugeridas del informe final de dicha Comisión.
Designaciones y organización partidaria: el partido de redes gubernamentales en el peronismo kirchnerista
Authors: Scherlis Gerardo
Published: January 2021

Este artículo contribuye a comprender la estructura organizativa del peronismo, la fuerza política dominante en Argentina, a partir de la observación de las designaciones partidarias en el Estado. Para ello el trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre el alcance, los mecanismos, las motivaciones y los criterios de las designaciones partidarias en el Estado federal argentino, con particular énfasis en lo ocurrido durante la presidencia de Néstor Kirchner (2003- 2007). El argumento más general sostiene que las designaciones han devenido en este período en una herramienta esencial para lograr un control efectivo sobre el aparato estatal mientras que sirven, simultáneamente, para reconfigurar las élites partidarias del peronismo bajo el liderazgo del presidente. Los datos, surgidos de una amplia serie de entrevistas a expertos, permiten finalmente ofrecer un nuevo marco teórico para estudiar el vínculo entre partido y gobierno en el contexto de la democracia argentina contemporánea.
Encuadrando el delito: pánico moral en los periódicos Argentinos
Authors: Aruguete Natalia , Amadeo Belén
Published: January 2021

El asalto a Carolina Píparo a la salida de un banco en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, estremeció a la opinión pública por tratarse de una víctima embarazada que, a raíz de un disparo recibido en el ataque, debió someterse a una cesárea después de la cual su hijo sobrevivió sólo una semana. Este trabajo analiza el tipo de tratamiento que recibió el llamado «caso Píparo» a través de un análisis de contenido exploratorio e inductivo de la cobertura que los diarios Clarín y La Nación dieron al tema. El objetivo es elaborar un libro de códigos que pueda ser validado en estudios de casos similares mediante el análisis de contenido de la prensa gráfica. Se busca aplicar la teoría del framing para, desde la detección de los encuadres noticiosos empleados, discutir si éstos son compatibles con el concepto de pánico moral planteado por Stanley Cohen.
A láthatóság joga Michelle Obama Így lettem című önéletrajzában
Authors: Kovács Ágnes Zsófia
Published: January 2021

Michelle Obama Így lettem (Becoming) című önéletrajzírása 2018-ban jelent meg, a kötet kb. 400 oldal szövegét 63 darabból álló képmelléklet illusztrálja. A könyv a szerző társadalmi láthatatlanságának leküzdéséről szól. A dolgozat a szövegben és a fotómellékletben vizsgálja a láthatatlanság leküzdésének megvalósulását. Azt elemzi, hogyan viszonyulnak a képek a főszövegben megfogalmazott történethez. A főszövegben az elbeszélő hang jelentéskonstruáló szerepe a címben szereplő „létrejövés” (magyar fordítás: így lettem). Az elbeszélő „létrejövésének” folyamata alapvető témája az afroamerikai önéletrajzírói hagyománynak. Az elbeszélő énkonstrukciója narratív és vizuális performativitásnak eredménye. A képeken az énkonstrukció hangsúlyozottan női: előtérbe kerül a női test (a ruha, a mozgás, a mimika, a smink), valamint a hagyományos női privát szférába tartozó cselekvések (gyereknevelés, kertészkedés, főzés, lakberendezés, jótékonykodás, gyógyítás, sport) közéleti szerepe. A dolgozat amellett érvel, hogy a képkockákon konkrét küzdelem folyik a társadalmi láthatóságért. A „láthatóság jogának” nevezett hatásmechanizmus során a hagyományos privát szféra elemei társadalmi kezdeményezésekké alakulnak és hatékonyan ellenszegülnek az amerikai publikus szféra afroamerikai nőkre vonatkozó leegyszerűsítő és ellenséges képi sablonjainak. A dolgozat tézise szerint Michelle Obama önéletrajzában a képek a szövegnél határozottabb módon állnak ellen az amerikai publikus szféra rasszista sztereotípiáinak, amikor társadalmi kérdések keretében mutatják be Michelle Obama privát életének elemeit.
Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic and Electrochemical
Studies of Reduced Graphene Oxide Doped Nickel Oxide Nanocomposites
Authors: Manikandan Venkatachalam , Elancheran Ramakrishnan , Revathi Palanisamy , Vanitha Umapathy , Suganya Palani , Krishnasamy Kuppusamy
Published: January 2021

Elimination of organic pollutants from waste waters under the sunlight irradiation is a venerable
challenge in the fields of environmental and materials science. This work aims to the fabrication of
novel self-assembled, controlled rGO@NiO nanocomposite using eco-friendly simple co-precipitation
method. The crystallite size, morphology and optical properties of the rGO, NiO and rGO@NiO were
characterized using TG/DTA, FTIR, UV, XRD, SEM with EDAX and TEM techniques. The optical
bandgap of the pure NiO, rGO and rGO@NiO nanocomposites was estimated as 3.75, 5.43 and 3.64
eV, respectively. Hence rGO@NiO nanocomposite might be considered as a semi-conductor and can
be utilized as a photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of prepared rGO@NiO nanocomposite was
evaluated by using rhodamine B and methyl violet dyes. The degradation results revealed that almost
90% of dye degradation is carried out within a period of 60 min. The cyclic voltammetry studies
indicated that the prepared rGO@NiO nanomaterials exhibited appreciable super capacitance value
(233 F g-1) at a current density of 1 A g-1.
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Biological Potentials and Structure Activity
Relationship of New Quinazoline and Quinazoline-4-one Derivatives
Authors: Borik Rita M. , Hussein Mohammed A.
Published: January 2021

In this work, a new derivative of ethyl 5-chloro-2-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamido)benzoate (1)
was synthesized by reacting the amino group of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (0.01 mol) and
methyl 2-amino-5-chlorobenzoate in presence of PCl3. Cyclcondensation of 1 with hydrazine hydrate
afforded the corresponding 2-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-amino-6-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one (2). Also,
new Schiff base 3 was prepared via reaction of 2-(4-hydroxyphenethyl)-3-amino-6-chloroquinazolin-
4(3H)-one (2) with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde. The synthesized compounds were characterized
by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Also, the median lethal doses (LD50s) of
compounds 1-3 in rats were 1125, 835 and 1785 mg/kg b.w., respectively. IC50 values of compounds
(1, 3) as measured by DPPH• method was 136.47 and 73.54 μg/mL, respectively. IC50 values of
compounds (1-3) as measured by ABTS•+ radical method was 0.8, 0.92 and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively.
Antiulcerogenic activity at dose 1/20 LD50 in albino rats was 47.94, 24.60 and 56.45%, respectively.
However, the anti-inflammatory effect at dose 1/20 LD50 of compounds (1-3) induced edema model
after 120 min were 74.19, 69.93 and 59.03%, respectively. The synthesized compounds also possess
hepatocytes and gastric mucosa protective activity against ibuprofen induced ulceration and
LPS-induced liver toxicity, respectively in rats via normalization of oxidative stress biomarkers and
inflammatory mediators (Na+/K+-ATPase, ALT, AST, LDH, TNF-α, NO, TBARS, GPx, CAT and
SOD). Also, TNF-α, NO, PGE2 and COX-2 were inhibited in peritoneal macrophage cells at a
concentration of 100 μg/L. Molecular docking suggested that the most active compounds 1 and 2 can
be positioned within the active sites of COX-2 at Arg121 & Tyr356 similarly to ibuprofen (Arg-120,
Glu-524 and Tyr-355). The compound 3–COX-2 complex generated by docking, revealed intricate
interactions with a COX-2 channel, including hydrogen bonds with key residues Arg121 and phe519.
These findings suggest that compounds 1-3 exhibited good antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory
activity and safe on liver enzymes in rats.
ORGANIZATION OF COMPLEX MANAGEMENT MODEL-BASED PRODUCTION OPERATIONAL-CALENDAR AND NETWORK PLANNING
Authors: Titov V. V. , Bezmelnitsyn D. A.
Published: January 2021

The paper considers a methodological approach to the system coordination of operational-calendar, network and tactical planning in the conditions of individual and serial production of complex high-tech products. It is proposed to organize an operational management system with this type of production based on the use of optimization tasks for volume-calendar, operational-calendar and network planning.

Planning in such productions is usually organized on the basis of network planning, determining the critical path. However, this does not solve the main problem — resource usage restrictions are not taken into account, and an effective algorithm for solving it is not developed. Here you can create a set of options for leading operations to perform them over time, which allows you to shift work schedules in one direction or another, and take into account the use of resources over time. It is also important that the problem of setting the duration of work (operations) is not approximately solved in integers.

The optimization criterion is a minimum of work completion time and a minimum of work in progress. In General, the problem of network production planning, taking into account resource constraints, is reduced to the problem of linear integer programming.

Operational production management is organized as an iterative, rolling process (reducing production risks), implemented by a single task with tactical management. In General, the developed system of models is undoubtedly of interest for the theory and practice of industrial enterprise management.
Burial Constructions of the Population of Abrau Penninsula in the Early Iron Age
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology RAS, A. Malyshev , S. Gorlanov ,   Institute of Archaeology RAS
Published: January 2021

Cultural and ethnic belonging and ethnogenesis of inhabitants of the Black Sea foothills of Northern-Western Caucasus is an object of long-time discussions. Patterns of funeral constructions of Anapa-Novorossiisk neighbourhood in the Iron Age could provide diametric different conclusions. Study of data of the Early Iron Age funeral constructions helps to discover traditions of the population of the Abrau peninsula of the Bronze Age, who used stone for burial places. Remarkable change of ancient tradition connected with replacement and assimilation of aborigines appeared after the middle of the 4th century BC with the distribution of the Bospor Kingdom influence in the region. Archaeological material demonstrates appearance of the local “ellinistic” elite and the cultivation of the steppe space of the Anapa valley by the settlers from theKuban region. They brought burial rite in ground pits and in tombs. At the beginning of new millennium burial culture became standard for all Abrau peninsula. Only in the necropolises of the south-west of the region it intricately intertwined with the traditions of the aboriginal population of the foothills.
A Connection Between the Settlement Dynamic of the Eastern Pamir and Paleoclimatic Changes in the Late Glacial and Holocene
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, V. Alekseitseva , S. Shnaider ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS, N. Rudaya ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS, N. Saifuloev ,   A. Donish Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to a review of the data on the chronology of the occupation of the Eastern Pamirs high-lands and the paleoecological reconstructions. At this moment it is known that there are two main episodes of the settlement of the region in the Final Pleistocene – Middle Holocene: 12–8 ka BP. (the main archaeological sites are the Istyk cave and the Kurteke grotto) and 8–6 thousand years ago (Oshkhona, Shakhty, Istykskaya cave, Kurteke). The review shows that these episodes coincide with the periods of the most favorable paleoclimatic conditions. The climate of the region in general is characterized as arid desert, with a predominance of open spaces of desert-steppe and desert appearance. The time intervals about 15–13 thousand years ago and about 9–8 thousand years ago are characterized with a transition from xerophilic groups to more mesophilic, which indicates a humidification of the climate during these periods. The researchers note that these climatic changes are likely to be pan-regional. The revealed cyclicality of climate changes in the Eastern Pamir region is comparable to archaeological data: the time intervals in when an increase in the climate humidity of the region is noted are similar to the intervals in when, according to archaeological data, the region was populated. Further paleoecological reconstructions of the Eastern Pamirs will reveal the connection between the cyclicality of climatic changes in the region and human settlement in its territory.
MENINO VESTE AZUL, MENINA VESTE ROSA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO REFORÇADAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Sena Dalila Maite Rosa , Fraga Jaíne Teixeira da , Mendonça João Guilherme Rodrigues
Published: January 2021

RESUMOEsse trabalho trata-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência, e tem como finalidade integrar os conhecimentos teóricos e práticos na solidificação de uma aprendizagem científica adquirida nos componentes curriculares da disciplina “Inovações Curriculares e Didática”, relacionando-a às vivências e ações docentes. O estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as relações de gênero estabelecidas na educação infantil. Utilizamos como referencial teórico as contribuições de Louro, (1997, 2002), Felipe, (2004, 2012), Meyer, (2005), Beauvoir (1970) Freire (1996) entre outras leituras que se fizerem necessárias. Foi possível apurar a necessidade de discussão sobre a forma que a escola e os docentes estão contribuindo para a construção de padrões de comportamentos e seus papeis na sociedade. Inferimos também a necessidade de formação e reflexão sobre as temáticas gênero e sexualidade para o trabalho pedagógico docente na educação infantil.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero. Currículo. Educação Infantil.
GÊNERO E DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL NA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: (RE)VISITANDO EXPERIÊNCIAS DE UM PIBID INTERDISCIPLINAR DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: De Avila Milena Aires , Feitosa Raphael Alves , Santos Felipe Ramon
Published: January 2021

A partir de subsídios teóricos baseados em uma teoria social crítica e feminista, buscamos dar sentido crítico para a formação docente, tendo em vista a construção de uma narrativa sobre uma experiência educativa relacionada à realização de um projeto do PIBID-EA sobre gênero e diversidade sexual. Devido a dados alarmantes com relação às consequências da violência contra LGBTs discutiremos o papel fundamental da escola na desconstrução de mitos e preconceitos, e com isso, a promoção de valores democráticos. Em nossa narrativa rememoramos a realidade política e social do período, o percurso teórico realizado, as ações educativas e suas implicações em nossa formação enquanto futuros educadores e educadoras. A partir dessas questões nos reconhecemos enquanto sujeitos de uma realidade onde, a partir de uma EA crítico-feminista é possível a construção de práticas educativas, que busquem o rompimento de estruturas sociais de dominação para a construção de uma educação emancipatória.
Meta-Analysis Reveals the Prognostic Relevance of Nuclear and Membrane-Associated Bile Acid Receptors in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Rohr Michael , Aljabban Jihad , Rudeski-Rohr Trina , Lessans Spencer , Nakkina Sai Preethi , Hadley Dexter , Zhu Xiang , Altomare Deborah A.
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Bile acids (BAs) arising from duodenogastric reflux are known to facilitate gastric cancer (GC) development. Although BAs traditionally contribute to carcinogenesis through direct cellular cytotoxicity, increasing evidence implicates nuclear and membrane BA receptors (BARs) as additional factors influencing cancer risk. Indeed, some BARs are already linked with GC, but conflicting evidence and lack of information regarding other endogenous BARs warrant further investigation. In this study, we meta-analyzed multiple data sets to identify clinically relevant relationships between BAR expression and prognosis, clinicopathology, and activity in GC.

METHODS:

We collected transcriptomic data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze associations between BAR expression and GC prognosis, subtype, and clinicopathology. We also used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to assess and predict functions, upstream regulators, and downstream mediators of membrane and nuclear BARs in GC.

RESULTS:

BARs showed differential distribution in GC; membrane BARs (G protein-coupled BAR 1, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2) were enriched in diffuse-, genome-stable, and mesenchymal-type tumors, whereas nuclear BARs (pregnane-X-receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, and farnesoid-X-receptor) were enriched in chromosome instability and metabolic subtypes. High expression of all membrane but not nuclear BARs was associated with poor prognosis and unfavorable GC clinicopathologic features. Similarly, expression patterns of membrane but not nuclear BARs varied geographically, aligning with Helicobacter pylori infection and GC mortality rates. Finally, GC-related oncogenes, namely transforming growth factor β1, were associated with membrane BARs, whereas many metabolic-associated genes were associated with nuclear BARs.

DISCUSSION:

Through transcriptomic meta-analysis, we identified distinct expression profiles between nuclear and membrane BARs that demonstrate prognostic relevance and warrant further investigation.