bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Renaissance Proto-Parametrization
Authors: Rossi Maria Laura , Maiezza Pamela
Published: October 2018

The chapter proposes the definition of a workflow aimed at the BIM modeling of historical architectures referable to the classical language of Renaissance treatises. Through the experimentation on a case study conditioned by pre-existences, the authors exploit the potential offered by BIM software to contain standardized and rewritable information through the management of the temporal phases. Starting from the discontinuous model, ideal geometries are defined using a continuous mathematical language. These geometries are gradually adapted to the case study by consecutive steps of modification. The different phases of the modeling are recorded in the database, favoring the transparency of the process. HBIM thus becomes an instrument not only of modeling and documentation, but also of analysis and interpretation of the architectural complexity of the historical built heritage.
Teaching Media and Information Literacy in the 21st Century
Authors: Gretter Sarah , Yadav Aman
Published: October 2018

In our hyper-connected era, individuals are constantly exposed to images and information that shape our digital culture. Possessing the competencies to understand how information is conveyed in our daily lives can therefore empower citizens to recognize its functions and effects on human communication. This chapter looks at the importance of media and information literacy for individuals in the 21st century. It provides a brief history of the concept, as well as a detailed exploration of the competencies that compose it. It also refers to the role that educators play in its instruction and concludes with recommendations for teachers to start embedding MIL principles in their teaching.
Nigerian Undergraduate Students' Computer Competencies and Use of Information Technology Tools and Resources for Study Skills and Habits' Enhancement
Authors: Otunla Adekunle Olusola , Amuda Caleb Okoro
Published: October 2018

Information technology (IT) policy implementation by higher educational institutions is geared towards innovative teaching and learning delivery. This chapter investigates undergraduate students' computer and IT tools and resources competences and use in enhancing study skills and habits. The study adopted ex-post facto research design and involved a total of 450 undergraduate students from three universities in Rivers State, Nigeria. Five research questions were answered using three duly validated instruments and data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that undergraduate students in Rivers State, Nigeria were technologically capable and are competent in the use of IT tools and resource. The study also establishes the fact that undergraduate students perceived themselves to possess information literacy skills. It was suggested that undergraduate students should use IT tools towards their studies and research.
Open Data Repositories in Knowledge Society
Authors: Khan Nadim Akhtar , Sohrabzadeh Sara , Jhamb Garvita
Published: October 2018

Open data is data that can be freely used, re-used, and redistributed by anyone – subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share alike. Open data is an important resource in present knowledge-based society used for supporting decision-making activities in government agencies, research Institutions, higher educational institutions, etc. The research activities as well as policy-making decisions are highly benefited by the availability of open data. There should be no restrictions to its reuse like legal, financial, or technological. The chapter discusses the concept of open data and its importance in present times for supporting advanced research activities in different domains of human knowledge. It also provides a glimpse of open data repositories at global level and attempts to showcase select open data repositories set by different organizations and institutions for making different datasets available in varied areas for facilitating specialized research and development activities.
Quantum Information Science Vis-à-Vis Information Schools
Authors: Paul P. K. , Chatterjee D. , Bhuimali A.
Published: October 2018

Quantum information science (QIS) is a combination of quantum science (which combines radio physics, condensed physics, and electronics) and information science (which combines computer science, information technology, mathematics, information studies, and documentation studies). Quantum information science (QIS) is actually an extension of quantum computing. Quantum information science (QIS) is mistakenly taken as quantum information theory, but it has several differences with this. Quantum information science (QIS) is mainly responsible for improved and faster acquisition, transmission, and processing of information. The 20th century is marked by three monumental achievements, namely, computer science, quantum physics, and information theory, which have not only stunned the civilized world but also ushered into a new world – a new paradigm of science and technology.
Cognitive and Psychological Factors in Cross-Language Information Retrieval
Authors: Li Rowena
Published: October 2018

While a lot of research has focused on the effectiveness of system functionality, few studies have examined information needs and social aspects related to cross-language information retrieval. This chapter aims to speculate the human and social aspects of cross-language information retrieval. It explores CLIR users' unique social and cultural contexts, their psychological and cognitive structures, and their distinctive relevance judgment. It examines in depth the barriers embedded in cultural, linguistic, and cognitive dimensions, which might hinder further advancement in cross-language information retrieval.
An Insight Into Deep Learning Architectures
Authors: Garg Nishu , P Nikhitha , Tripathy B. K.
Published: October 2018

Information retrieval can be visualized as the extraction of the desired information from the flooded resources that spread over world wide web. Image retrieval is the fundamental and critical problem that arises in the retrieval activities. In this regard, it is considered to be a challenging task which requires utmost care. Diverse characteristics of data such as noisy, heterogeneity impose a great barrier over image retrieval applications. This chapter aims to come up with a state-of-the-art approach for overcoming these problems by clubbing together widely recognized deep architecture along with natural language processing. This novel design methodology utilizes the latent query features, deep belief network, restricted Boltzmann machine for learning tasks. This collaborative work can be used to reduce the epoch in the learning periods whereas the rest of the methods fail to achieve the constraints.
Knowledge Acquisition on Dante Alighieri's Works
Authors: Locuratolo Elvira Immacolata , Lenzi Valentina Bartalesi
Published: October 2018

The approach followed for the identification and the implementation of visualization diagrams able to support the knowledge acquisition on Dante's works is described. Two high-level structures and an implementation model are proposed. An example of citation histogram is given; one of its possible refinements is considered. The chapter is part of the Towards a Digital Dante Encyclopedia, a three-year Italian National Project which aims to build a digital library endowed with services to support scholars in creating, evolving, and consulting an encyclopedia on Dante Alighieri and on his works.
Theory and Practice of Online Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Ma Will W. K.
Published: October 2018

The concept of knowledge sharing finds historical support in theories on the acquisition and creation of knowledge. While the key to knowledge sharing depends on frequent and regular social interaction, the recent rapid development of the internet has enhanced much of the social interaction taking place among individuals at any time, at any place, and with any person. Through a review of the literature, this chapter defines online knowledge sharing, discusses the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors in explaining online knowledge behavior, explores the various forms of knowledge sharing in different online learning environments, and reviews the measurement of online knowledge sharing. The chapter also discusses online knowledge-sharing issues that should be addressed in future.
Massive Digital Libraries (MDLs)
Authors: Weiss Andrew Philip
Published: October 2018

Massive digital library (MDL) is a term coined to define a class of digital libraries gathering mass-digitized print books and monographs, which rival the size of brick-and-mortar libraries. Specific examples of MDLs, including Google Books, HathiTrust, DPLA, Internet Archive, et al., are presented. The issues raised by MDLs include mass-aggregation of digital content and the ability to maintain source-material accuracy and veracity; copyright, fair use, and the mass-digitization of materials not in the public domain; and disparities in the level of diversity, especially with regard to Spanish-language, Japanese-language, and Hawaii-Pacific materials. Finally, the impact of MDLs on Digital Humanities, especially with regard to the Google Books digital corpus and the Google Ngram Viewer, will be investigated.
Mission, Tools, and Ongoing Developments in the So.Re.Com. “A.S. de Rosa” @-Library
Authors: Silvana de Rosa Annamaria
Published: October 2018

The goal of this chapter is to present background, mission, ongoing developments, and future research directions of the So.Re.Com. “A.S. de Rosa” @-library: a digital platform integrating scientific documentation, networking, and training purposes in the field of social representations and communication (So.Re.Com.). It is built on an on-going multi-year project aimed at an empirical meta-theoretical analysis of the whole literature on social representations. Guided by the main goal of evaluating the impact of the scientific production driven by the social representations theory in the social arena faced with social demand, the aim is to take stock of the scientific field developed in more than 50 years by conducting an empirical meta-theoretical analysis of the literature on social representations, mapping the development of different paradigms, the related research methods, the thematic areas, and their impact on the various applied fields within the multi-generational community of scientists and across different geo-cultural contexts.
Web 2.0 From Evolution to Revolutionary Impact in Library and Information Centers
Authors: Wani Zahid Ashraf , Zainab Tazeem , Hussain Shabir
Published: October 2018

A key element of the technology is that it allows people to create, share, collaborate, and communicate. The Web 2.0 differs from ordinary websites as it does not require any web design or publishing skills to participate, making it easy for people to create and publish or communicate their work to the world. The nature of this technology makes it an easy and popular way to communicate information to either a select group of people or to a much wider audience. The Web 2.0 paradigm has gained substantial momentum in the last decade. The influence of Web 2.0 principles and technologies has fueled an explosion of information and media content on the web, and individual and corporate adoption of the technologies continues to rise. In this milieu, it is imperative to understand and learn about the present and evolving Web 2.0 tools and their application in different walks of life. The proposed study made an endeavor to dig deep into the genesis, development, and application of various Web 2.0 tools in library and information science.
Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
Authors: Hartsock Ralph , Alemneh Daniel G.
Published: October 2018

Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) have been a recent addition to the library's online access system, or digital project. This chapter traces the history of dissertations, from their printed form and issuance in microform by various agencies. It examines the changes in textual content and its presentation from the pre-digital to digitized documents, and the relation to software developed for music and other fields. It then examines the evolution of audio and video formats for the accompanying materials, particularly in the performing arts, and the content of these materials. It concludes with issues in ETDs management and ensuring long-term access and preservation, such as digital quality and copyright.
The Foundation of (Business) Ethics' Evolution
Authors: Tran Ben
Published: October 2018

Business schools are at a crossroads, and it is time to seriously rethink or redesign business education. The purpose of this chapter is to cover the foundation of (business) ethics and the meaning of business ethics. In so doing, this chapter will cover the topic of accreditation in higher educational institutions, and the teaching of business ethics courses in higher educational institutions.
The Morality of Reporting Safety Concerns in Aviation
Authors: Tani Kawtar
Published: October 2018

A previous investigation into the morality of actions suggested that individuals' levels of cognitive moral development strongly influence their decisions regarding what is right or wrong, and focused upon the rights, duties, and obligations involved in a particular ethical situation. Using the cognitive moral development framework, this chapter sought to explore the moral reasoning behind aviation employees' intentions to report wrongdoing in the aviation context. Findings indicated that a significant association between participants' intentions to intervene in a wrongdoing situation and their level of moral reasoning exists. Specifically, the modal level of participants' moral reasoning was consistent with the conventional level of moral theories and was higher for participants who stated that they would intervene than for participants who stated they would not intervene in a wrongdoing situation.
Gender Differences in Advertising Engagement Using the Case of Facebooks Ads
Authors: Lahuerta-Otero Eva , Cordero-Gutiérrez Rebeca
Published: October 2018

In recent years, social media have transformed the worldwide web into a participatory community where both users and companies co-create, share, and modify content. The importance and the attention that social media has gained is widely studied among the scientific community as their growth seems unstoppable. The rise of online advertising has made companies design new marketing plans to adapt both their strategic and tactic operations to meet multichannel customers' needs. Since social media marketing is a core part of any firms' marketing strategy, companies and organizations are starting to use Facebook Ads as a marketing tool. In spite of the extensive statistics the software provides, little research is done on the effectiveness of social marketing campaigns according to gender. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to analyze several Facebook campaigns in the education sector to discover which gender group reacts best to advertising.
A Model for Connected E-Government in the Digital Age
Authors: Fan Qiuyan
Published: October 2018

Local government in Australia plays an important role in local economies and communities. The chapter reviews e-government development at the local level in Australia and proposes a connected e-government model that aims to increase the quality of government services and improve the effectiveness of local government operations. A framework for developing more connected and responsive e-government at the local level is of paramount importance. Connected government requires not only a user-centric focus for the development of e-government services but also government business process and information integration. Reusable services and connected IT architecture are essential characteristics of connected e-government. The proposed model links to third party efforts, which provides more effective way of developing a more connected e-government by potentially breaking down bureaucratic barriers. As technology evolves, people are demanding access to local government via digital channels. The proposed model adopts an integrated multichannel service delivery approach to connected e-government.
Project Management in Government
Authors: Furlong Shauneen
Published: October 2018

The case for 21st century government success continues unabated; impatient stakeholders are more demanding; people, process, and content are profoundly impacted; opportunity is rampant, but so is risk and complexity; still, transformational e-government looks to leadership, integration, change, and innovation through enhanced project management. This chapter builds upon previous publications. There is another dimension to the transformational e-government navigation toolkit that coalesces with enhanced project management and creates a multi-dimensional approach to transformation; it is existential change leadership that focuses on human mindset behavior along with critical leadership, integration, change, and innovation.
Censorship in the Digital Age the World Over
Authors: Weaver Kari D.
Published: October 2018

Censorship is found in all human societies but is of increasing concern and complexity in the modern, digital age. This chapter explores the history of censorship, current concerns surrounding censorship, organizations and agencies working against censorship, potential solutions, and future research in this area of study. Though censorship is unlikely to ever disappear completely, all individuals can and should be aware of it and contribute to the overall social dialogue on issues of censorship.
Environmental Adaption Method
Authors: Chandila Anuj , Tiwari Shailesh , Mishra K. K. , Punhani Akash
Published: October 2018

This article describes how optimization is a process of finding out the best solutions among all available solutions for a problem. Many randomized algorithms have been designed to identify optimal solutions in optimization problems. Among these algorithms evolutionary programming, evolutionary strategy, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and genetic programming are widely accepted for the optimization problems. Although a number of randomized algorithms are available in literature for solving optimization problems yet their design objectives are same. Each algorithm has been designed to meet certain goals like minimizing total number of fitness evaluations to capture nearly optimal solutions, to capture diverse optimal solutions in multimodal solutions when needed and also to avoid the local optimal solution in multi modal problems. This article discusses a novel optimization algorithm named as Environmental Adaption Method (EAM) foable 3r solving the optimization problems. EAM is designed to reduce the overall processing time for retrieving optimal solution of the problem, to improve the quality of solutions and particularly to avoid being trapped in local optima. The results of the proposed algorithm are compared with the latest version of existing algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO-TVAC), and differential evolution (SADE) on benchmark functions and the proposed algorithm proves its effectiveness over the existing algorithms in all the taken cases.
Accelerated theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression in South Africa: A series of nine cases
Authors: Bröcker Erine , Van den Heuvel Leigh , Seedat Soraya
Published: October 2018

Introduction: This case series documents local experience using accelerated theta-burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a supplementary treatment for depression in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD).Methods: Nine consenting patients (MDD = 7; BD [major depressive episode] = 2) received the accelerated theta-burst protocol consisting of three magnetic pulses delivered 20 ms apart and repeatedly delivered every 200 ms, resulting in a 5 Hz theta rhythm over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Treatment comprised 20 sessions delivered over 8 days. Accelerated theta burst rTMS treatment provides more stimuli over a shorter period of time, thus potentially increasing feasibility and cost-effectiveness. Improvement was monitored using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale at baseline, day 5 and day 8 of rTMS treatment. All patients remained on their prescribed medication for the duration of rTMS treatment. We performed a Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test to determine whether there was a difference in scores from baseline to post-treatment. The CES-D scores decreased significantly from baseline (Mdn 38.0; IQR 31.0; 51.0) to post-treatment (Mdn 17.0; IQR 11.0; 28.5; Z = -2.55, p = 0.011). The CGI severity scores also decreased significantly between baseline (Mdn 4.0; IQR 4.0; 5.0) and post-treatment (Mdn 3.0; IQR 3.0; 4.0; Z = -2.43, p = 0.015).Results: Five patients demonstrated at least a 50% symptom reduction on the CES-D scale. The most commonly reported adverse effect was mild headache, which lasted a few hours during and post-rTMS treatment.Conclusion: A limitation of these findings is that this was a small case series without a control arm; however, the findings suggest that the accelerated theta burst rTMS protocol for depression was well tolerated with most patients also experiencing symptomatic improvement by day 8.
Platelet-rich plasma stimulated proliferation, migration, and attachment of cultured periodontal ligament cells
Authors: Rattanasuwan Kanyawat , Rassameemasmaung Supanee , Kiattavorncharoen Sirichai , Sirikulsathean Anongporn , Thorsuwan Jarinee , Wongsankakorn Wilasinee
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation, migration, and attachment of cultured periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Materials and Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess number of PDL cells cultured in medium with or without PRP. Cell migration toward medium with or without PRP was assessed using the Boyden chamber. Cell attachment was assessed by counting cells on PRP or non-PRP coated dentin specimens. Group differences were analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 0.05 significance level. Results: In the MTT and cell migration assay, the number of cells in 5% and 10% PRP-treated groups were significantly higher than that in the non-PRP-treated group (P < 0.05). In the attachment assay, the number of cells on the dentin specimens in 10% PRP-treated group was significantly higher than that in the non-PRP treated group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PRP could stimulate proliferation, migration, and attachment of PDL cells.
Surface roughness implant-retained mandibular bar and ball joint overdentures and adherence of microorganisms
Authors: Rocío Valenzuela , Valenzuela Daniel
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the surface roughness of the implant-retained mandibular bar overdenture (BOD) and the implant-retained mandibular ball joint overdenture (BJOD) in jaw and its relation with the adhesion of molds and yeasts and mesophyll aerobe, in time 30 and 180 days in mouth. Materials and Methods: Five-systems titanium bar CARES® and synOcta® Straumann® Dental Implant System, Holding AG Inc., Basel, Switzerland (BOD), and five-systems joint ball Klockner® Implant System; Soadco Inc., Escaldes-Engordany; Andorra (BJOD), were used in two parallel groups of five participants, in an essay to simple blind person. To 30 and 180 days, the overdentures were withdrawn and evaluated the Ra: ųm. SJ-301® Mitutoyo Corporation Inc., Kanagawa, Japan, and the adhesion of microorganisms (colony-forming unit/ml). Results: The results were as follows: the Ra: Um (30th and 180th): BOD, 0.965–1.351; BJOD, 1.325–2.384. Adhesion: Molds and yeasts, BOD, 2.6 × 102 and 4.6 × 103; BJOD, 3.0 × 102 and 5.3 × 104. Adhesion: Mesophyll aerobe, BOD, 3.8 × 106 and 5.8 × 106; BJOD, 4.3 × 106 and 7.1 × 107. Conclusions: At 30 days (P = 0.489), there were no differences in BOD and BJOD for adhesion of molds and yeasts and mesophyll aerobe between both overdentures. At 180 days (P = 0.723), there were differences in the adhesion of mold and yeast and mesophyll aerobe, being greater in BJOD.
Multivariate method to identify inequalities in oral healthcare access
Authors: Fonseca Emílio Prado Da
Published: October 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to apply a multivariate method for municipality's classification according access to oral health in adults. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Were used multivariate classification called nonhierarchical cluster analysis K-means. The strategy brings together municipalities' similarity as access to oral health, where the most similar are next and the most different from getting further away. In addition, it allows reducing the intragroup variance and maximizing intergroup variance. It was assumed the number of four groups. Results: Among adults, 3,185 (52.63%) visited the dentist less than a year, and 357 (5.90%) have never been to the dentist. Homogeneous groups showed differences in the time since the last visit to the dentist for adults. The analysis of variance by the F statistic rejected the hypothesis that the variances are equal for the variables related to the time since the last visit to the dentist. Conclusion: It was possible to identify the inequalities in the access to oral healthcare services for adults and locate spatially municipalities whose subjects take longer to visit the dentist.
First dental visit: Age, reason, and experiences of Saudi children
Authors: Alshahrani Nourah Falah , Alshahrani Ayesha Nasser A , Alahmari Maram Awdah , Almanie Asrar Mohammed , Alosbi Abrar Mohammed , Togoo Rafi A
Published: October 2018

Objective: A study was conducted among parents/guardians of children attending the Outpatient Department of King Khalid University College of Dentistry, Abha, to assess the attitude and knowledge regarding children's first dental visit and related aspects. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among a convenient sample of 320 parents/guardians. All the parents/guardians willing to participate in the study and whose children visiting the dentist for the first time were included in the study. Children's behavior was assessed using Frankl's scale. Results: Majority (29%) of the children visited the dentist for the first time at the age of 3–6 years, while the least percentage (8%) visited the dentist for the first time at the age of 0–1 year. A statistically significant difference was found between the responses (P ≤ 0.05). Most (72.67%) of the children were being accompanied by parents during their first dental visit. About 40.33% of the parents said that overall experience of the first visit of their children was good. About 39.67% of the children had positive behavior during their first dental visit. About 37.33% of the participants said that pain was the main reason for them to get their children to dentist. Conclusion: It was concluded that bulk of the parents were unaware about the appropriate age of their children's first dental visit. Most of the parents brought their children to dentist after their children experienced pain or suffered from dental caries. There is a need to raise awareness among masses regarding the importance of taking oral health care of their children quite seriously at the earliest budding stage of their life.
Critical Success Factors for Building Information Modelling Implementation
Authors: Amuda-Yusuf Ganiyu
Published: October 2018

Adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the global construction industry is fast growing. This paper expounds the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for BIM implementation and explore their ranking and underlying relationships. A total of 28 CSFs was identified from the review of previous studies on success factors. Survey questionnaire containing these 28 factors was used to collect data from industry practitioners in Nigeria. Benchmark metrics was developed to rank the success factors. The topmost five success factors for BIM implementation in order of importance are: standard platforms for integration and communication; cost of development; education and training; standardization (product and process); and clear definition and understanding of users’ requirement. Analysis of variance shows that significant differences exist in the pattern of rating for the topmost CSFs based on turnover. Factor analysis was further adopted to group the 28 CSFs into five components, using rotated component matrix method. The five components extracted are: (i) industry stakeholders’ commitment and knowledge of BIM, (ii) capacity building for technology adoption, (iii) organisational support, (iv) collaborative synergy among industry professional and (v) cultural orientation. The rankings of the CSFs provide basis for prioritising the most significant factors that industry stakeholders should focus attention for successful implementation of BIM. In addition, the underlying relationships among the success factors identified in this study, will assist industry stakeholders to determine best strategy to adopt in implementing BIM at industry level.
Structural study of three heteroaryl oximes, heteroaryl-N=OH: Compounds forming strong C3 molecular chains
Authors: Low John Nicolson , Wardell James Lewis , Da Costa Cristiane Franca , Souza Marcus Vicinius Nora , Gomes Ligia Rebelo
Published: September 2018

In order to further investigate the structural chemistry of oximes and to further establish the main structural arrangements adopted, we have determined the crystal structure of and carried out Hirshfeld surface calculations on three heteroaryl oximes, namely (Z)-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde oxime (1), (Z)-1H-pyrrole-2 carbaldehyde oxime (2) and (Z)-5-nitrofuran-2-carbaldehyde oxime (3). As confirmed by both techniques, the major intermolecular interactions in each compound are classical N—H···O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into C3 chains. Such an arrangement has been previous reported as an important aggregation mode for oximes. Secondary interactions, C—H···π and C—H···O interactions, in compounds 1 and 2, and interactions involving the nitro group oxygen atoms in compound 3 link the chains into three dimensional arrays.
Influence of the physicochemical parameters of solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Parinari macrophylla Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae)
Authors: Balde Mamadou , Ennahar Said , Dal Stephanie , Sigrist Severine , Wele Alassane , Marchioni Eric , Julien-David Diane
Published: September 2018

The extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants requires methods which are as diverse as the chemical nature of the compounds themselves. In this study, a 96-well microplate was used where solvent mixtures spanning wide ranges of selectivity and polarity were tested with the objective of extracting a broad range bioactive compounds from plant material. Microplate wells were filled with plant material and the solvents and their mixtures were added. The obtained extracts were assessed in terms of their total antioxidant activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and effects on cell viability. An aqueous extract, generally used by traditional therapists, was also included in the study. The results showed that the extracts using methanol with acetic acid (0.1%, v:v), chloroform/ethanol, butanol/DMF, butanol/acetonitrile, ethylene glycol with acetic acid (0.1%, v:v), MTBE/DMSO, ethylene glycol, pentane/ethanol (v:v), ethanol, DMF, DMF with acetic acid (0.1%, v:v), DMSO, DMSO with acetic acid (0.1%, v:v) and THF had a higher antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract. Extracts with greater antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract were obtained largely from solvent mixtures with the exception of ethanol, DMF, DMSO and THF. The antioxidant activity obtained in TEAC varied between 1474.1±4.4 and 3183.0±16.0 μmol TE/g dry extract respectively for aqueous and THF extracts; in ORAC between 1727.7±8.4 and 2683.5±11.7 μmol TE/g dry extract for aqueous and DMSO acetic acid 1%, respectively, with mean ±SEM. In TEAC the THF extract had the highest antioxidant potential with 3183.0±16.0 μmol TE / g dry extract. The DMSO acetic acid (0.1%, v:v) extract had the highest antioxidant potential in ORAC with 2683.5±11.7 μmol TE / g dry extract. Cell viability test using β-pancreatic cells showed that only the acidified methanol extract was toxic after one hour of incubation. After 24 hours, cell viability was less than 70% for extracts using butanol/acetonitrile, MTBE/DMF, acidified methanol, pentane/ethanol and acidified DMF.
Cytotoxic, antiglycation and carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies of chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes
Authors: Shamshad Bushra , Jamal Rifat Ara , Ashiq Uzma , Mahroof-Tahir Mohammad , Saleem Muhammad
Published: September 2018

In order to further reveal the chemistry and biochemistry of chromium(III) complexes, the present work illuminates the formation of chromium(III) complexes with aroylhydrazine ligands with their physical, chemical and spectral studies. Another significant contribution of this study is the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity, antiglycation property and carbonic anhydrase inhibition study of synthesized chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes. Synthesis and structural investigation of aroylhydrazine ligands (1-7) and their chromium(III) complexes (1a-7a) were carried out by using elemental analysis (C, H, N), physical (conductivity measurements) and spectral (EI-Mass, ESI-Mass, FTIR and UV-Visible) methods. These physical, analytical and spectral data supports that all chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes exhibit an octahedral geometry in which ligand exhibits as a bidentate coordination and two water molecules coordinated at equatorial positions with general formula [Cr(L)2(H2O)2]Cl3. Cytotoxic investigations shows that synthesized chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes were not found to be toxic against normal cells so these compounds were further studied for other biological activities. Moreover, aroylhydrazine ligands and their chromium(III) complexes were examined for their antiglycation activity in which ligands were found inactive whereas chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes showed significant inhibition of the process of protein glycation. Similarly, in carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies all aroylhydrazine ligands were observed inactive while some of chromium(III)-aroylhydrazine complexes showed potential in carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
Liquid-liquid extraction of Zr(IV) from sulphuric acid medium using tri-n-octyl amine in kerosene
Authors: Swain Jaykishon , Sahoo Amit , Bhatta Bhikari Charana
Published: September 2018

The extraction behavior of Zr(IV) with tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) in kerosene was studied through a new method of solvent extraction. The mechanism of extraction and the species extracted were identified. Quantitative extraction of Zr(IV) with TOA in kerosene was studied by changing different parameters such as acid variation, diluent effect, metal concentration variation, extractant variation, effect of salting out reagent concentration and effect of temperature. It was observed that the percentage of extraction of Zr(IV) increased when the concentration of TOA and the percentage of extraction also increased when the metal ion concentration increased. The percentage of Zr(IV) became 97.4% with 0.1 M TOA from 3.0 M sulphuric acid. Kerosene was found to be effective diluent for the extraction of Zr(IV) with TOA.
Synthesis, crystal structures, substitutional and comparative structural analysis of copper diphosphates LiNaCuP2O7, LiKCuP2O7 and Rb0.5Na1.5CuP2O7
Authors: Fitouri Ines , Boughzala Habib
Published: September 2018

The title compounds are members of the M2O-CuO-P2O5 system (M = Li, Na, K and Rb), where the lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium phases have already been structurally characterized. The studied diphosphates LiNaCuP2O7, LiKCuP2O7 and Rb0.5Na1.5CuP2O7 belong to a large family of materials of general formula, MM’CuP2O7 (M, M’ = Monovalent cation) where the elements M and M’ ionic radii are decisive in the structural type determination. They were synthesized by solid-state reactions. The X-ray structural analysis show that these compounds crystallize in the P21/n monoclinic lattice where the CuO5 pyramidal square are linked to nearly eclipsed P2O7 groups by corner sharing to build up corrugated layers [CuP2O7]2- extending perpendicularly to [010]. The Li+, Na+, K+ and Rb+ cations reside in the interlayer space and in cavities delimited by the anionic network. In this study, the synthesis, the structure, the powder diffraction, the infrared spectroscopy, the thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and a structural comparison are presented. The structural models were validated by Bond Valence-Sum (BVS) and charge distribution (CHARDI) analysis.
Editorial Board
Authors: Arslan Hakan
Published: September 2018

Editorial Board
El lugar del conflicto en la experiencia de saber pedagógico de profesoras de artes en educación secundaria
Authors: García-Huidobro Munita María Rosario
Published: October 2018

En esta investigación se buscó comprender cómo un grupo de maestras, de educación secundaria en Chile, ha ido conformando sus saberes pedagógicos desde sus experiencias personales y artísticas. El estudio fue desarrollado a partir de una metodología narrativa, donde los relatos de las participantes fueron considerados como experiencias de saber. Este artículo se centra en explicar una de las dimensiones que, tras el análisis del estudio, fue considerada central en el saber de las participantes: el lugar del conflicto. Para ello, tras situar el marco desde donde se sitúa el saber docente, nos enfocamos en contar los conflictos que se vinculan con la experiencia de ser mujer y madre y cómo esa experiencia influye en la enseñanza de las artes. También se revisan los conflictos que surgen a causa de experiencias normativas vinculadas al currículum. Por último, se relata cómo los conflictos vividos a lo largo del desarrollo profesional conforman configuraciones políticas en el saber docente y un posicionamiento docente de apertura a lo nuevo. Finalmente, este estudio nos permite concluir la importancia de los conflictos en las experiencias pedagógicas, ya que al ser múltiples se configuran como saberes necesarios que conforman un espacio político y de constante aprendizaje profesional. Además, permiten entender que el saber docente no es algo fijo o simplemente cognitivo, ya que los diversos conflictos que se viven en la experiencia personal y profesional movilizan los saberes en el aula y los transforman.
Las concepciones sobre una evaluación justa de los estudiantes. Un estudio fenomenográfico desde la perspectiva de los docentes
Authors: Murillo F. Javier , Hidalgo Nina
Published: October 2018

La presente investigación se centra en comprender las concepciones de los docentes acerca de qué es una evaluación justa. Las concepciones de los profesores son las creencias implícitas que tienen sobre el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y tienen una fuerte incidencia sobre sus prácticas evaluativas y sobre el desarrollo de los estudiantes. Para lograr nuestro objetivo hemos desarrollado un estudio cualitativo de carácter fenomenográfico. Los participantes son 30 docentes de Educación Primaria y Secundaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados muestran que las concepciones de evaluación justa de los docentes están divididas, estando algunas más cercanas al principio de igualdad y otras al de equidad. La conclusión final del estudio es la influencia del contexto del centro educativo en la concepción de evaluación justa del docente y la relevancia de conocer las concepciones de los docentes para poder implementar prácticas evaluativas que logren una educación y una sociedad más justa.
Análisis de las expectativas de los centros de Bachillerato de alta y baja eficacia escolar. Percepción de la Inspección Educativa
Authors: Luzarraga Martín Jon Mikel , Nuñez Lozano Juan Manuel , Etxeberria Murgiondo Juan
Published: October 2018

La investigación educativa ha demostrado que las expectativas existentes en las comunidades educativas de los centros escolares están relacionadas con el desempeño de los estudiantes. Así mismo diversos estudios confirman la relación de las mismas con la mejora escolar en las primeras etapas educativas. Con este trabajo se amplía al Bachillerato y se analizan las relaciones existentes entre las expectativas y los resultados de los centros de la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca. Para ello, mediante los resultados de las Pruebas de Acceso a la Universidad durante cinco años consecutivos y distintas variables contextuales, se seleccionan 16 centros de alta y 16 centros de baja eficacia. Se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a los inspectores educativos de referencia de estos centros y se contrastan las expectativas de ambos grupos. Los resultados señalan que a lo largo del Bachillerato, al igual que ocurre en las anteriores etapas, las expectativas existentes en las comunidades educativas de los centros escolares son un factor que sigue relacionándose con los resultados de los mismos. De ello se deduce que el tener altas expectativas y transmitirlas a su entorno, involucra a la comunidad educativa en una tarea importante que se traduce en buenos resultados.
Desarrollo de la competencia de análisis ontosemiótico de futuros profesores de matemáticas
Authors: Giacomone Belén , Godino Juan D. , Wilhelmi Miguel R. , Blanco Teresa F.
Published: October 2018

Una enseñanza adecuada de las matemáticas requiere el conocimiento y la competencia de los profesores para identificar la variedad de objetos y significados involucrados en la resolución de tareas escolares. En este artículo se describe el diseño, la implementación y análisis retrospectivo de un proceso formativo dirigido a futuros profesores de matemáticas, centrado en desarrollar esta llamada competencia de análisis onto-semiótico. Para esto, se utilizan algunas herramientas teóricas y metodológicas del enfoque Onto-Semiótico del conocimiento matemático. En esta experiencia, los futuros profesores primero resuelven tareas matemáticas sobre visualización y razonamiento diagramático; luego, analizan los objetos y significados puestos en juego en la resolución de cada tarea implementada. Además, las estrategias que los estudiantes producen en sus soluciones se discuten y comparten en entornos reales de clase. El análisis de los datos es cualitativo y está orientado a la identificación de prácticas didácticas significativas sobre el estado inicial de los significados personales de los estudiantes, el reconocimiento de conflictos y progresos en el desarrollo de la competencia pretendida. Los datos se recogen de las respuestas escritas de los estudiantes, las notas del investigador observador y las grabaciones en audio de las clases. Los resultados revelan la complejidad involucrada en el desarrollo de esta competencia de análisis onto-semiótico, así como su relevancia para lograr una enseñanza de las matemáticas de alta calidad. Finalmente, el análisis retrospectivo del diseño formativo permite al profesor y al investigador reflexionar sobre cada uno de los factores que condicionan los procesos de enseñanza y así, determinar mejoras potenciales para futuras implementaciones.
Actitudes hacia la violencia y papel importante del alumnado en el aula de educación física
Authors: Menéndez Santurio José Ignacio , Fernández-Río Javier
Published: October 2018

La violencia escolar es una realidad que está teniendo un fuerte impacto en el ámbito educativo. De ahí que el número de estudios que hay sobre este aspecto hayan crecido de forma importante en los últimos años. Por su parte, el papel importante del alumnado en clase cumple un rol fundamental para tratar de entender los procesos motivacionales en educación física. Sin embargo, aún existe carencia de trabajos que hayan explorado la relación entre estas dos variables. Por tanto, los objetivos principales de esta investigación fueron dos: analizar la capacidad de predicción del papel importante del alumnado en las clases de educación física sobre sus actitudes hacia la violencia, y determinar las posibles diferencias entre las actitudes hacia la violencia y el papel importante del alumnado en función del género. Un total de 917 estudiantes (457 mujeres y 460 hombres) de entre 12 y 18 años, procedentes de 11 centros (42 grupos naturales en total) de educación secundaria del norte de España participaron en el estudio. Los participantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre las actitudes hacia la violencia y la subescala del papel importante del Cuestionario del Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte-2 adaptado a la educación física. Se encontraron correlaciones negativas entre el papel importante del alumnado y las actitudes hacia la violencia. Asimismo, los resultados del análisis de regresión lineal mostraron que el papel importante del alumnado predecía de forma significativa y negativa las actitudes hacia la violencia. De igual forma, se encontraron diferencias significativas en función del sexo en las actitudes hacia la violencia. Estos resultados reflejan la importancia de crear climas de implicación a la tarea y centrados en el alumnado en aras de prevenir la violencia escolar y la discriminación de género.
Entre el poder y el valor: aportaciones de la filosofía de Luis Villoro a la reflexión sobre los fines y principios de la educación intercultural en América Latina
Authors: Valladares Liliana
Published: October 2018

En este trabajo se destacan algunas de las aportaciones de Luis Villoro a la filosofía de la educación, particularmente las bases conceptuales que fundamentan su ética-política, como marco interpretativo para el entendimiento de los fines y principios de la educación intercultural en América Latina. Se argumenta en torno a cómo la aplicación de algunas de las categorías desarrolladas por este autor representa una estrategia analítica que permite revisitar la pregunta por los fines de la educación intercultural, identificando los arreglos socioeducativos que predominan en los discursos políticos educativos. Se distingue entre aquellos arreglos socioeducativos interculturales comprometidos con el valor -caracterizados por ser de carácter transformativo de las estructuras de dominación prevalecientes en las sociedades actuales-, y aquellos arreglos comprometidos con el poder, -caracterizados por ser de carácter reiterativo, que consolidan y reproducen las desigualdades, asimetrías y exclusiones socioeducativas-.
As relações familiares com adolescentes usuários de substâncias psicoativas: percepção dos pais
Authors: Zerbetto Sonia Regina , Ruiz Bianca Oliveira , Galera Sueli Aparecida Frari , Zanetti Ana Carolina Guidorizzi
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em discutir a experiência das famílias que cuidam de adolescentes consumidores de substâncias psicoativas, no âmbito de seu funcionamento. Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, tendo como participantes da pesquisa os genitores de adolescentes consumidores de drogas, de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial-Álcool e Drogas do interior paulista. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e os dados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo, categorial temática. Os resultados apontam que estes genitores apresentam dificuldade de estabelecer diálogo assertivo com seus filhos e filhas, em desenvolver seu papel hierárquico e de estabelecer limites ao adolescente. Tais situações geram sentimentos ambivalentes e emoções negativas que os mobilizam a buscar apoio no âmbito familiar, informacional, religioso e instrumental. Conclui-se que o cuidado deve envolver o adolescente que consome drogas e sua família, considerando os aspectos interacionais, organizacionais e comunicacional do coletivo familiar.