bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Capital in Dengue Control: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Siyam Nur , Martini  , Wahyuningsih Nur Endah , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: November 2024

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease whose prevention and control depend on the participation of all community levels. Complex factors including social determinants, such as social capital, influence the prevention and control of DHF by the community. DHF is a neglected disease that commonly occurs in communities with limited resources. Increasing community social capital is among the major strategies to build successful and sustainable control. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of social capital in optimizing the implementation and sustainability of DHF prevention and control programs. A systematic literature review was conducted with PRISMA by searching for articles on PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Articles were selected through several screening stages, and subjected to a quality assessment. A total of 10 articles concluded that social capital could increase the potential prevention and control of DHF in the community. These included six interventional or experimental and four observational studies. The results showed a diversity of social capital in each location, which was consistent with the characteristic condition of the community and capable of affecting DHF control. The role of social capital has been found as a direct target of intervention, a mediator, or segmentation at the individual or community level. Most interventions are targeted at strengthening social capital directly to influence control outcomes, program acceptance, and sustainability. Increasing social capital is essential to addressing the barriers against effective community engagement, enhancing the role of DHF control, and ensuring sustainable participation.
A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Wolbachia-Aedes Innovation for Controlling Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Authors: Budiyanti Rani Tiyas , Kussariana Nissa
Published: November 2024

Wolbachia technology is an innovative strategy for controlling dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and has been implemented in Indonesia. However, the community has pros and cons about its implementation. Some community’s rejection was caused by limited socialization, community knowledge, and perception. They still doubt the safety, effectiveness, and efficiency of Wolbachia-Aedes’s innovation. This study aims to map global and Indonesian research on Wolbachia-Aedes innovation. The study used a quantitative descriptive method with a bibliometric approach. Data were obtained from publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2014 to 2024 complemented by VOSviewer analysis. The results revealed 568 publications related to Wolbachia-Aedes innovation, with varying annual publication rates. In Indonesia, 32 publications have been produced since 2014, with the majority of research concentrated in Yogyakarta. Australian researchers are the leading contributors. International collaboration on Wolbachia-Aedes innovation is apparent, particularly among countries such as Burkina Faso, Greece, Benin, Cameroon, the United States, and Panama. Based on the co-words map, three clusters have related keywords. Further systematic reviews are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of and strategies for implementing the Wolbachia-Aedes innovation, as well as potential risks, impacts, and benefits of implementing this innovation.
Mapping of the Oviposition Ability, Survival Rate, and Distribution of Dengue Vector in Bengkulu City, Indonesia
Authors: Gunasari Lala Foresta Valentine , Pasandra Tsaniyah , Massardi Nikki Aldi , Triana Dessy
Published: November 2024

Vector surveillance is pivotal for dengue prevalence. The oviposition ability, survival rate, and distribution of dengue vector species can indicate the population density and are components of mosquito survival strategies. The density of dengue vectors is influenced by altitude, population density, water sources, and vegetation characteristics in their breeding habitats. This study aims to determine the oviposition ability, survival rate, and distribution of dengue vectors in Bengkulu City. This study employed a quantitative method with a descriptive observational design. Data were obtained by collecting Aedes spp. eggs from 67 urban villages in Bengkulu City. The survival rate was determined through colonization, and the distribution of mosquito species was analyzed based on the mosquitoes resulting from colonization. Beringin Raya was identified as the urban village with the highest oviposition ability, while Kandang was identified as the lowest. The highest survival rate of dengue vectors was found in Jalan Gedang, while the lowest was found in Sumber Jaya, Muara Dua, Padang Jati, and Tengah Padang. Aedes aegypti dominated 36 urban villages, while Aedes albopictus dominated 26 urban villages. In conclusion, dengue vectors were distributed across all urban villages in Bengkulu City, with Aedes aegypti being the dominant species.
A Predictive Map of Larvae Presence Risk Based on Modeling Algorithm in Urban Settings of Endemic Area
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Suhartono Eko , Hidayat Ahmad , Prastya Septyan Eka , Ramadhan Ahmad Rasyid Ridha
Published: November 2024

Dengue is an infectious disease that is still a concern and requires severe treatment. One of the prevention efforts is health promotion activities regarding Dengue prevention in risk areas. Preparing a health promotion strategy will be effective and efficient if it is based on target area study data, which can be done by identifying risks and creating area mapping based on larval presence data. Jorong District has the highest incidence rate in Tanah Laut Regency, divided into 11 villages. This research used map methods and design. The research population was 10,003 households, and the sample size was 100 households, which was taken using simple random sampling. The larvae risk data were analyzed univariately and presented as a risk percentage. The research results showed that Jorong Village had the highest risk (62.66%) and Alur Village had the lowest risk (41.28%). There are five villages with a high category, namely Sabuhur Village (50.65%), Jorong (62.66%), Asam Jaya (59.93%), Asri Mulya (56.72%), and Batalang (55.03%). About 84% of high-risk villages had larvae, and 80% of low-risk villages had no larvae. It was concluded that risk mapping was proven to have 82% accuracy (good) in predicting the presence of larvae.
Costs Analysis for Pathology Clinic Services at “RSK” District Hospital in Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Suryawati Chriswardani , Nandini Nurhasmadiar
Published: November 2024

The local government-owned hospital, “RSK”, in the northern region of Central Java Province, is expected to propose a new clinical tariff for pathology clinic services urgently. A more accurate calculation method is necessary because the current process of determining hospital service costs lacks a broader cost analysis. This is particularly important for pathology clinics, which are not just a part of the hospital’s services but are essential for diagnosing illnesses and determining the risk and prognosis of diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to form part of the broader cost analysis for “RSK” hospitals. The secondary data collected were investment, operational, and maintenance costs and other relevant input and output data. The cost analysis adopted a modified double distribution or step-down method, which used two distributions of costs. Firstly, an indirect cost was distributed to direct costs, followed by a second distribution to direct costs. Finally, laboratory consumables costs were added to the final distribution results. The analysis results showed that there were 54 types of services, with unit costs (UC) of pathology clinic services ranging from IDR 46.566 (USD 2.95) to IDR 406,220 (USD 25.71). However, hospital management was expected to prepare a new hospital tariff for the local government. Several factors that needed to be considered for new hospital rates included UC, government subsidies, Ina-CBG (Indonesia-Case Based Groups) rates from BPJS, competitive hospital tariff, and the community’s ability to pay.
The Implementation of Drug Abuse Rehabilitation to Prevent Relapse: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Erliyani Novi , Sriatmi Ayun , Adi Mateus Sakundarno
Published: November 2024

Rehabilitation is an integrated recovery program for individuals with drug abuse disorders. However, addiction is a chronic and relapsing condition. This study aims to explore how the implementation of rehabilitation programs can prevent relapse in individuals recovering from drug abuse. A systematic literature review methodology was employed in this study. Relevant literature was identified through electronic searches of valid databases using keywords related to drug rehabilitation and relapse prevention. The articles were retrieved and screened using the Watase UAKE website. Databases including MDPI, Frontiers Media, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, SAGE, OAMJMS, Mary Ann Liebert, BMC, Routledge, Springer, Emerald Insight, EASA, and Informa Healthcare were systematically searched using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), excluding meta-analysis, to obtain empirical studies published between 2014 and 2024. Out of the 489 articles collected, 27 were included in the analysis. The results showed that the successful implementation of drug rehabilitation programs is influenced by various factors, including intrinsic motivation, social support, and fulfillment of psychological needs during the rehabilitation process. Rehabilitation programs can shift clients’ perspectives, enabling a better understanding of life’s values and meaning. This is essential for relapse prevention after rehabilitation. Additionally, relapse prevention programs play a critical role in enhancing the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts. While many factors contribute to relapse, therapeutic interventions are important for predicting retention in therapeutic communities for substance abuse treatment.
Measuring and Comparing Health System Delays in Leprosy Detection Based on the First Healthcare Service Visit in Tegal Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Dharmawan Yudhy , Mawarni Atik , Dharminto
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of leprosy patients with disabilities among new cases in Tegal Regency was high in 2021, reaching 10%. This problem is due to the delays in the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy, including health system delays associated with patients’ visits to healthcare services. This study aims to measure and compare health system delays based on the types of healthcare service first visited by leprosy patients. This study employed a cross-sectional design involving a sample of 125 leprosy patients recruited in 2022. Data were collected through interviews with leprosy patients using a validated case detection delay questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Among the respondents, 67% were male. Patients sought initial care at various types of healthcare services, with community health centers being the most frequently visited (53%). The average health system delay was 3.3 months, with the longest delay observed when the first visit was to a medical doctor (5.4 months). A significant difference in health system delays was found across the types of healthcare services first visited by leprosy patients (p = 0.001). Further research is recommended to enhance the leprosy detection capacity of healthcare staff in Tegal Regency.
Finding ways to minimize gas shortages for consumers in the context of large-scale emergencies in the gas industry
Authors: Senderov Sergey , Khamisov Oleg , Vorobev Sergey , Danilov Gleb
Published: November 2024

The existing structure of the gas transportation network of Russia is characterized by the presence of critically important objects, the loss of operability of which cannot be compensated by any of the previously considered measures. Therefore, it is necessary to justify the development of the gas transportation network with the creation of additional gas transportation capacities outside the arcs of the existing graph. This problem can be solved by segmenting the existing network into simple polygons with the possibility of creating arcs connecting previously unconnected nodes, i.e. polygons starting with a quadrangle are of interest. The specific cost of creating such arcs, as a first approximation, is an order of magnitude higher than the specific cost of creating additional arcs in the existing corridors of main gas pipelines. The authors of the article propose a mathematical model for solving this problem. The results of the study on the aggregated calculation scheme of the gas transportation network of Russia are presented, conclusions are made on the operability of the proposed approach.
Development of effective algorithms for calculating current distribution coefficients of an electric power system
Authors: Akhmetbaev Dauren , Dzhandigulov Abdygali , Akhmetbaev Arman , Bystrova Svetlana
Published: November 2024

Calculations of steady-state modes of a complex electric power system are significantly simplified if we use the coefficients of distribution of the setting currents. The use of the theory of directed graphs for the formation of the matrix of the coefficients of distribution of the setting currents is directly related to the determination of the values of all possible and specific trees of the graph of a complex electric network. The authors have developed and implemented an improved algorithm. calculation of current distribution coefficients of the electric power system. The concepts of the “base” of the graph and the “hanging” contour are introduced. In this case, to calculate the current distribution coefficients, it is necessary to take into account all possible and specific trees of only the graph base. A method is indicated for supplementing the matrix of current distribution coefficients of the graph base to the current distribution matrix of the original graph. The paper proposes methods for simplifying the network topology based on the development of diacoptic principles.
Measurement and analysis of electric power quality indicators with targeted identification of the perpetrators of non-compliances on the example of the Belarusian energy system
Authors: Drako Mikhail , Maiseyenkа Аleh , Kolik Viachaslau
Published: November 2024

The existing problems of ensuring the established [1] standards of electric power quality indicators (EPQI) in electric networks of different nominal voltage are considered. The authors' practical experience in identifying the perpetrators of non-compliances in terms of non-sinusoidal voltage with the determination of their actual contributions (AC) based on the results of measurements made by their own accredited electrotechnical laboratory is summarized.
Influence of the temperature schedule of heating network and using differential pressure regulators on the reliability of heat supply systems
Authors: Zvonareva Julia , Vankov Yuri , Sabirov Irek
Published: November 2024

The methods of increasing reliability of heat supply systems are analyzed. A digital twin of the existing heat supply system has been created. Various modes operation of the system are modeled and control and decision-making system in the conditions operation of the heat network is considered on the example of one of heat supply systems of the Republic of Tatarstan. The indicators of reliability of heat supply to consumers at using these methods are determined. As a result of the application of control methods and increasing reliability of the thermal power systems, probability of failure-free operation and the coefficient of hydraulic stability of heat supply system were calculated, the influence of the temperature schedule and the use of differential pressure regulators (DPR) on the reliability of the system in general were analyzed. Special attention is paid to the hydraulic balancing of the heat supply system to increase her reliability.
Transformer protection, automation and monitoring systems
Authors: Piskunov Sergey , Mokeev Alexey , Ulyanov Dmitry
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of research on improving the protection, automation and monitoring systems of power transformers (PT) in 6-35 kV distribution networks. The authors have developed improved algorithms for differential and distance protection of a transformer based on measuring voltage and current synchrophasors, proposed additional criteria for blocking protection in the event of a magnetization inrush current (MIC), and considered the functions of the transformer monitoring and automation system based on synchrophasor technology.
Methods for ensuring the efficiency and safety of energy system facility equipment based on digital technologies
Authors: Sultanov Mahsud , Boldyrev Ilya , Ivanitckii Maxim , Menshikov Pavel
Published: November 2024

The results of developing a methodology for ensuring a high level of efficiency and safety of energy equipment are presented. Approaches for assessing and predicting parameters that determine the reliability of energy system equipment, and the structure of a cloud data collection and processing system, are proposed. The results obtained in this work can be used to ensure the efficiency and safety of energy system facility equipment.
Prospective power systems models development algorithms
Authors: Mashalov Eugene , Neuymin Vladimir , Snegirev Denis , Mihajlenko Andrej , Teplukhin Daniil , Klassen Viktor
Published: November 2024

This research aims to automate the creation of prospective models essential for long-term power system planning. Several algorithms and accompanying tools have been developed to transform an existing power system simulation model (SM) into a series of prospective simulation models (PSMs). This article outlines a general approach to SM conversion using a command system, enabling the binding of SM variants to specific planning periods and operating conditions (OC). Several tools to ensure PSM quality and adequacy, including forecasted power consumption balancing and security-constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF), are presented. Advanced techniques for assessing transient stability model quality and implementing hierarchical power system modeling are also integral parts of this development process.
Principles of controlling intersystem power flows in the conditions of the electricity market
Authors: Yusifbayli Nurali , Alizade Rana
Published: November 2024

The principles of electricity market control in relation to intersystem communications is analyzed in the paper. Electricity market can be both intersystem communications and legal entities of transmission and distribution networks of power systems. As an example, parallel operation of two power systems through the intersystem communication with different operating costs was considered.
Operation modes of the power system of Azerbaijan under conditions of penetration of large volumes of RES
Authors: Alizade Rana , Nasibov Valeh
Published: November 2024

The nature of changes in the operating modes of the power system when introducing large volumes of renewable energy sources (RES), mainly wind and solar energy, is considered in the paper. Studies were conducted for two modes: 1) at parallel operation with the Russian power system - the Russian power system carries out normalized primary frequency regulation; 2) at isolated operation - the Azerbaijani power system itself carries out frequency regulation, while the Georgian power system operates in parallel with the Azerbaijani power system. Static and dynamic models of the power system were developed.
Method of identification and operational control of unauthorized electricity withdrawal in distribution networks
Authors: Omorov Turatbek , Zakiriaev Kubnychbek , Takyrbashev Beishenaly , Zholdoshov Tolkunbek
Published: November 2024

This article addresses the problem of operational identification and control of unauthorized electricity withdrawals (UEW) in distribution electric networks (DEN) under the operation of the Automated System for Commercial Metering of Electricity (ASCME). The issue involves significant uncertainty regarding the current state of the network and external disturbances, represented by unauthorized electricity consumers. To reduce uncertainty and obtain necessary information, the concept of a virtual DEN model is introduced, representing the ideal state of the network without unauthorized consumers. A new method based on this virtual model is proposed for solving the problem. Conditions for identifying the current state of the DEN are established. Vectors of actual current and voltage values in the virtual network are identified. Additionally, a criterion for localizing UEW and a computational algorithm for automated control are formulated. The results improve the reliability of DEN operations and can be used to develop specialized software for the UEW localization subsystem within the ASCME framework.
Efficiency Evaluation of Evacuated Solar Tube Collectors in Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Prokhorov Dmitry V. , Vasilev Semen S.
Published: November 2024

Calculations of solar radiation incident on an inclined surface were performed considering the installation location, local time, azimuth angle, tilt angle, atmospheric transparency coefficient and surface albedo. The calculations were based on long-term meteorological observation archives. The accuracy of the solar radiation calculations for the inclined surface was verified. A comparative analysis was conducted between the calculation results carried out for the installation location, tilt angle, and azimuth angle of the experimental setup and pyranometer measurements. Thermal energy production by evacuated solar tube collectors was also calculated. These calculations were performed on an hourly basis, taking into account the total solar radiation falling on the inclined surface and the atmospheric air temperature. The calculated values were compared with experimental data obtained from an ultrasonic heat meter. The payback period of solar heating systems for various locations was used as an efficiency indicator for the solar collectors. The article estimated the payback period for Verkhoyansk town in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Economic efficiency strongly depends on the installation location of the solar collector and the thermal energy tariff at the installation site.
A Case Study of the Largest 3D Printed Villa: Breaking Boundaries in Sustainable Construction
Authors: Alqaryouti Yousef , Al Suwaidi Mariam , AlKhuwaildi Raed Mohmood , Kolthoum Hind , Youssef Issa , Al Imam Mohammed
Published: November 2024

This research paper showcases a detailed case study of the largest 3D printed villa, an architectural wonder completed on December 7, 2023, in Dubai, UAE. The project was a collaboration between Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment and 3DXB GROUP, and it set a new Guinness World Record. This groundbreaking achievement marks a new era in sustainable construction and 3D printing technology. The paper delves into the intricate process of designing and constructing the villa, highlighting innovative techniques and materials used. It also showcases the collaborative efforts of Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment and 3DXB, demonstrating their crucial support and partnership in achieving this feat. The study provides a thorough analysis of the technical aspects of 3D printing used in the villa, including material properties, design considerations, and the logistical challenges overcome during construction. Additionally, it reflects on the project’s implications for the future of the construction industry. The successful completion of the world’s largest 3D printed villa is not only a milestone for Mohammed Bin Rashid Housing Establishment but also a beacon of innovation that could inspire further advancements in sustainable construction practices worldwide. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research and development in 3D printing technology to further its application in large-scale construction projects.
Application of AI for modelling and structural analysis of a parametric 2D frame with voice assistant
Authors: Sebastian Kiopierre , Huaccha Miguel , Rosales Bryan , Maria Gian Lucas Santa , Delgadillo Rick M.
Published: November 2024

Structural calculations are essential for civil engineering, but specialized software for their analysis is limited. The lack of availability of efficient tools has generated the need to explore new ways to optimize these calculations. This work addresses the aforementioned problem, proposing the use of Python and automation technologies to offer an innovative and accessible solution to improve efficiency in the field of structural analysis of 2D frames. This proposal seeks to reduce work times by relying on AI, as well as to promote accessibility in this field. To achieve this purpose, the Python library AnaStruct, specifically designed for structural analysis using matrix methods, is used. This tool enables the detailed definition of structural elements, constraints and loads, as well as the visualization of the analysis results. In addition, the Speech Recognition library is implemented for interaction through voice reception, which speeds up the data entry process and structural analysis commands. Through surveys conducted, it is observed that the program achieved an average reduction of the analysis time between 73.33% and 94.29%, compared to traditional methods. Where 100% of the respondents unanimously confirmed that it improves efficiency, and 78.6% expressed their willingness to recommend it for future projects.
Capacity design of a steel building with eccentric braced frames and its influence on seismic behavior
Authors: Vargas Esther , Diaz Francisco
Published: November 2024

The study focused on the design of a steel structure with eccentric braced frames by capacity and its influence on the behavior under different levels of earthquakes.This work contributes significantly to structural engineering by creating comparative tables and graphs detailing loads and stresses in strength design versus capacity design across all elements and levels of the structure. Plans and visual representations from DM Structural Engineering were used to process data through Etabs, modeling the structure, and verifying the revisions to the E-030 regulations. The spectra were calculated with spreadsheets and the design was carried out according to AISC 341-16 and AISC 360-16 regulations. The seismic performance evaluation followed the guidelines of ASCE 41-13 and Vision 2000 of SEOAC 2000.The results showed that the design complies with the distortion limits of the E.030 regulation; as well as adequate capacity for design demands according to AISC 341-16 and AISC 360-16, and satisfactory seismic performance according to Vision 2000. This work validates the effectiveness of capacity design in steel structures and provides a solid comparative basis for future work in earthquake resistant design.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Floating Stone Columns Using Unit Cell Model Test
Authors: Shien Ng Kok , Bin Azmi Yusuf Iskandar , Bin Nik Omar Nik Aslam Hafiz
Published: November 2024

Stone columns serve as a remedial measure to alleviate settlements and expedite the consolidation process, particularly in soft soils where excessive settlement and slow consolidation are the common problems. This paper presents the experimental and numerical investigation into the effects of area replacement ratio and stone column length on the consolidation settlement of floating stone columns using finite element software i.e. PLAXIS 3D. The model setup adopted unit cell concept resembling an infinite column grid pattern with uniform load. The study examined two distinct area replacement ratios (15% and 33%) and five varying lengths of stone columns (80 mm, 160 mm, 240 mm, 320 mm, and 400 mm). The findings indicated that as column length and area replacement ratio increase, settlement decreases, together with the improvement in consolidation rate. Generally, the numerical results agreed with the experimental results albeit slightly faster rate of consolidation obtained.
Experimental investigation on the Effect of Superplasticizer on Concrete Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP)
Authors: Alwathaf Ahmed , Jaber Mu’tasim Abdel , Hunaiti Yasser
Published: November 2024

In this research, experimental investigation of concrete containing recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and Superplasticizer (SP) was conducted to study the effect of RAP replacement and SP on some important factors such as slump, water absorption, and density for different concrete mixes. Twenty concrete mixtures were prepared using crushed RAP as a coarse aggregate at different replacement percentages; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% by weight of natural coarse aggregate (NA). Superplasticizer dosage varied from 0% to 2.1% (liters per 100 kg of cement). The test results showed that the trend of the relationships of slump and water absorption for concrete with RAP and SP were similar to the traditional concrete (100% NA). Higher slump and water absorption were attained for concrete with higher RAP replacement. In addition, higher SP content revealed higher slump and water absorption. The higher increase in slump and water absorption reached to 38% and 25% respectively compared to control concrete (0% SP). However, more inclusion of RAP aggregate resulted in lower density for concrete and no discernable trend was observed between concrete density and SP content across various RAP replacements.
Tensile Membranes and Public Spaces Thermal Comfort: An Analytical Review
Authors: Cortiços Nuno D. , Duarte Carlos C.
Published: November 2024

Urbanization altered urban microclimates intensifying the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and thereby increasing outdoor thermal discomfort. Tensile membrane structures (TMS), due to their shading and cooling properties, present a viable solution for enhancing thermal comfort in urban public spaces. This paper synthesizes numerical outcomes from several studies integrating empirical data, computational models, and subjective assessments to evaluate the impact of TMS on thermal comfort. Results indicate that TMS can reduce ambient temperatures by 2-3°C and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) by approximately 2.3-2.4°C or up to 5.4ºC on Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) values, therefore enhancing user thermal comfort. The study underscores the critical role of design factors such as form, aperture, location, and strategic placement in optimizing TMS effectiveness. It also highlights the importance of considering local climatic conditions and user behaviours in the design and implementation of shading solutions. Subjective assessments reveal higher comfort levels in shaded areas, emphasizing the psychological benefits of TMS. Overall, TMS not only mitigate heat stress but also enhances the aesthetic and functional quality of urban environments, contributing to sustainable and liveable urban development. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights for urban planners, designers, and policymakers in creating more comfortable and resilient public spaces.
Human impact on atmospheric composition
Authors: Kanakidou Maria
Published: November 2024

The development of human civilization with increasing population and needs for energy, food and comfort leads to the production of numerous air pollutants as products or by-products of energy production and industrial activities. Greenhouse gases is a major category of air pollutants with impacts on climate and ecosystem development. Atmospheric aerosols are also important with multiple impacts on climate, as well as human and ecosystem health. We here provide an insight into the sources, sinks and impacts of these air pollutants and their link to energy production. Targeting a carbon-free economic growth will contribute in mitigating air pollution by reducing these air pollutants and their undesirable effects. Trend analysis of air pollutant levels shows that clean air directives, implemented to protect human health and reduce acid rain, have been efficient in limiting air pollution by short-lived species, with mean atmospheric lifetimes less than a year. For greenhouse gases that have longer lifetimes in the atmosphere, i.e. decades or centuries and therefore long periods are required to reduce their atmospheric levels, immediate action is needed to support future sustainability.
Innovative and sustainable solar cells based on abundant elements on the Earth crust
Authors: Pasini Stefano , Foti Gianluca , Parisini Antonella , Spoltore Donato , Fornari Roberto , Bosio Alessio , Marchionna Stefano
Published: November 2024

Antimony selenide is a very promising material for photovoltaic applications, with the potential to become a competitive alternative to more traditional silicon, CdTe and CIGS-based technologies. A notable feature of Sb2Se3 is its strong anisotropy, and this property is reflected in the performance parameters of the solar cell. In this study a novel method is explored to control the grain orientation and its effects on the photovoltaic parameters of the solar cells. Furthermore, an innovative approach to create a low-resistivity, Ohmic back-contact is presented, which is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and performance of Sb2Se3-based solar cells.
Nuclear energy basics
Authors: Leray Sylvie
Published: November 2024

In the first part of the paper, the basic features of nuclear fission and fusion energy are addressed. In the second part, an overview of energy consumption in the world is presented, which highlights the growing need for electricity from non-CO2-emitting sources, among which nuclear power is expected to play a role. The perspectives for the future of nuclear energy are then discussed, showing that it develops mostly in emerging countries, and highligting the role that small modular reactors are likely to have in the future. The third part is devoted to the question of nuclear waste management and to the non-radioactive environmental impact of nuclear energy in comparison with other sources of energy.
Tokamak, fusion reactor device: Welding and joining for plasma facing components
Authors: Crea Francesco
Published: November 2024

Nuclear fusion might be an unlimited, everywhere available source of energy for electrical production. Among the various machines designed and prototyped to demonstrate electricity production from nuclear fusion the tokamak is certainly the most promising. Tokamaks are complex devices, consisting of various components, which in turn are composed of many parts. This contribution reports on the joining and welding techniques used and specifically developed for the elements of a tokamak, with a focus on plasma facing components as the divertor targets.
Microgrids control: AC or DC, that is not the question
Authors: Cucuzzella Michele , Scherpen Jacquelien M. A. , Machado Juan E.
Published: November 2024

In these lecture notes, we delve into the models of the most commonly used DC-DC power converters: namely, the buck converter and the boost converter. Furthermore, we derive models for a DC microgrid consisiting of multiple buck and/or boost converters interconnected via (dynamic) resistive-inductive power lines and supplying the so-called ZIP loads, which are characterized by the parallel combination of constant impedance (Z), current (I), and power (P) load components. Furthermore, we introduce the primary control objectives in DC microgrids, focusing on voltage regulation and current sharing. Finally, we explore the most advanced control techniques to achieve these objectives. Importantly, these lecture notes are not intended to advocate total replacement of Alternating Current (AC) power systems with their Direct Current (DC) counterparts, but rather aim to offer a balanced perspective between them, acknowledging the historical dominance of AC power systems while underscoring the contemporary relevance of DC microgrids, which, with their inherent advantages, represent a viable complement to the existing infrastructure, fostering innovation and resilience in modern power networks.
Probing the interplay of multiplicity and eﬀective energy on strangeness production in pp collisions with ALICE
Authors: Ercolessi Francesca
Published: November 2024

The strong interaction between quarks and gluons, the elementary constituents of the hadronic matter, is described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Under extreme conditions of high temperature and energy density, the QCD predicts a transition from the hadronic phase to a colour deconfined medium called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). The QGP can be investigated in the laboratory through ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, such as the ones between lead (Pb) ions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The enhanced production of strange hadrons in heavy-ion collisions with respect to proton-proton (pp) collisions was historically considered one of the signatures of QGP formation. At the LHC, the ALICE Collaboration observed that the ratio of strange to non-strange hadron yields increases with the charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity, starting from pp collisions and evolving smoothly across larger interaction systems and energies, ultimately reaching Pb-Pb collisions. The origin of this effect in small collision systems remains an open question. This work exploits a novel approach to study strangeness production in pp collisions, introducing, for the first time, the concept of effective energy in hadronic collisions at the LHC.
Revues de systèmes radiographiques portables : lequel choisir ?
Authors: Marcelin Sara
Published: November 2024

La sélection d’un système radiographique portable est cruciale pour obtenir des diagnostics précis par imagerie, que ce soit en pratique ambulatoire ou en clinique. Aujourd’hui, une vaste gamme de systèmes est disponible, chacun présentant ses propres caractéristiques. Il est donc essentiel d’évaluer plusieurs critères pour choisir celui qui correspond le mieux à son activité. Le générateur et le capteur, avec leurs spécificités respectives, formeront ensemble, en étant bien choisis, un système portable performant parfaitement adapté à une utilisation individuelle.
Führungskräfte und die Gesundheit Ihrer Teams: Wir haben Einfluss!
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: November 2024

Vorgesetzte haben mehr Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit ihrer Mitarbeiter als deren Ärzte oder Therapeuten – und der Einfluss der Vorgesetzten ist genauso groß, wie der des Partners bzw. der Partnerin der Mitarbeitenden.
Angriff auf Personal: Krankenhäuser fordern härtere Strafen bei Gewalt
Authors: Pabst Inga
Published: November 2024

Die Gewalttätigkeit von Patienten und Angehörigen wird ein immer größeres Problem. Für Bestürzung sorgte zuletzt der körperliche Angriff auf Mitarbeitende des Elisabeth-Krankenhauses in Essen. Nun werden härtere Strafen gefordert – und manche Einrichtung setzt auf Selbstverteidigung.
Pflegekompetenzgesetz: Türöffner für mehr Befugnisse in der Pflege
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Am 6. September legte Bundesgesundheitsminister Prof. Dr. Karl Lauterbach (SPD) den Referentenentwurf für das Pflegekompetenzgesetz vor. In ihren Stellungnahmen reagierten die Verbände mehrheitlich positiv. Jetzt befindet sich das Gesetz in der politischen Beratung.
Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein: Es wird eng
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: November 2024

In kommunale Klinikbetreiber werden vielerorts massiv Steuergelder gepumpt. Andere Krankenhäuser, wie das Evangelische Klinikum Niederrhein, haben diese Möglichkeit nicht.
Rechtskolumne: Compliancestrategie in der Regulierungsflut stärken
Authors: Weimer Tobias
Published: November 2024

Die Regulierungsdichte im Gesundheitswesen nimmt immer stärker zu. Neben dem Krankenhaustransparenz und den Regelungen zum Pflegestudium, die bereits in Kraft getreten sind, liegen noch diverse andere Reformvorhaben in der Pipeline, unter anderem die Krankenhausstrukturreform sowie die Reformen der Notfallversorgung und der Rettungsdienste. Damit kommen hohe Anforderungen auf das Klinikmanagement zu.
Digitale Präzisionsdiagnostik: Neue Waffen im Kampf gegen Sepsis
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: November 2024

Hierzulande bildet Sepsis inzwischen die dritthäufigste Todesursache. In zwei deutschen Forschungsprojekten wurden neue Methoden entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe sich ihre Erreger im Krankenhaus frühzeitig entdecken und passgenau therapieren lassen. Die Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend.
Künstliche Intelligenz: Wenn Avatare mitfühlender als der Arzt sind
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: November 2024

Forscher versuchen weltweit, Emotionen von Menschen mittels künstlicher Intelligenz zu erkennen. Dabei kombinieren sie mehrere Sensoren wie zum Beispiel die Audio- und Videoanalyse. Möglicherweise werden in Zukunft bald Arzt-Avatare oder Roboter einfühlsame Patientengespräche führen.
Robotische Assistenzsysteme: Im Takt der Zukunft: Robotik und KI in der Medizin
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Pflegekräfte und Ärzte sind Mangelware. Um den wachsenden Bedarf an Fachkräften zu decken und gleichzeitig weiterhin eine hohe medizinische und pflegerische Qualität sicherzustellen, rückt der Einsatz von KI-gestützten Robotern und Assistenzsystemen immer stärker in den Fokus. Ein Überblick.
Krankenhausreform: Die Existenzangst der Spezialkliniken
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: November 2024

Fach- und Rehakliniken befürchten empfindliche Nachteile durch die bevorstehende Reform der Kranken-hausfinanzierung. Ohne Veränderungen am geplanten Krankenhausversorgungsverbesserungsgesetz (KHVVG) stünden viele Fachkrankenhäuser vor dem Aus. kma hat sich in der Branche umgehört.
Entlassmanagement: Vom Underdog zum Spitzenthema
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: November 2024

Viele Patienten brauchen im Anschluss an einen Krankenhausaufenthalt weitere pflegerische Unterstützung oder medizinische Rehabilitation. Doch das Entlassmanagement steht am Ende der Patient Journey und ist für viele Kliniken ein immer noch häufig unterschätztes Thema – gerade betriebswirtschaftlich.
Design and fabrication of tetradymites-based vertically oriented single and multilayer thin-film thermoelectric generators
Authors: Mbaye Mamadou T. , Pradhan Sangram K. , Bahoura Messaoud
Published: November 2024

Tetradymites-based thermoelectric materials and devices have received renewed attention due to their engineering and design flexibility, large scalability, and commercial viability in producing electricity from waste heat for niche applications in small power generation and micro refrigeration. In fact, most commercially available bulk thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are made from tetradymites. In contrast to their bulk counterparts, thin-film vertical TEGs have not been widely adopted. This can be attributable to complexities in design and fabrication methodologies, device measurement challenges, and the hurdle of maintaining a large enough temperature gradient for optimal device performance. In this study, we utilize a facile approach for the design, fabrication, and characterization of tetradymite-based n-type Bi2Te3 and p-type Sb2Te3 single-layer thermoelectric generators, as well as n-type Bi2Te3/Bi2Te2.83Se0.17 and p-type Sb2Te3/Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 alternating multilayer superlattice TEGs. State-of-the-art characterization techniques were employed to investigate the structural, chemical, and thermoelectric properties of the materials. XRD analysis showed a preferential orientation along the (100) plane with a high intensity peak at 2θ = 25.5°, and XPS spectra exhibited a high-resolution peak at 531.5 eV corresponding to the Bi 4f7/2 core level. The structural data analysis confirmed the dominant metallic phase of the materials as well as their high crystalline nature. Device characterization showed that the multilayer device performed better than the single-layer devices with a recorded voltage, power, and power density of 11 mV, 12 pW, and 15.87 mW/m3 at ΔT = 18 °C, respectively, in comparison to 9.4 mV, 7.8 pW, and 10.31 mW/m3 for the most performing single-layer devices.
Multilayer architected polymer nanostructure for microwave absorber-based EMI shielding
Authors: Rengaswamy Kumaran , M Anjali , Rengaswamy Jayaganthan , Krishnamurthy Chitti Venkata , Subramanian Venkatachalam
Published: November 2024

Reflection-based electromagnetic interference shielding materials, though effectively stop the radiation, redirect the interference to nearby electronic devices, creating secondary pollution. In this sense, it is better to use absorption-dominant lightweight and flexible materials with high shielding effectiveness. This paper reports the fabrication of a multilayered polymer nanocomposite for enhancing electromagnetic interference shielding applications through absorption. By using a doctor-blade technique, three individual layers of poly(vinylidene fluoride) based polymer nanocomposite, each with different fillers, were prepared and stacked together to form a 3 mm thick multilayered (four-layer) composite. The fillers were 5% Ag-decorated graphene nanoplatelets, acid-functionalized MWCNT, and barium hexaferrite. Between 8 and 18 GHz, this multilayered composite absorbs a maximum of 90% of incident microwave radiation, resulting in a shielding in the range of 20–45 dB. This structure is very useful for developing flat and lightweight absorbers. For comparison, a homogeneously prepared nanocomposite comprising all these three fillers is found to give a shielding of around 53 dB with a reflection ranging between 78% and 89%.
Age determination in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) using spur sheath and spur developmental stages: a review
Authors: Grant Tom , Serena Melody , Williams Geoff A. , Temple-Smith Peter
Published: November 2024

Reliable techniques and criteria for identifying sex and age class are important to understand the population biology of species in the course of wildlife research and monitoring. In platypuses, males have a keratinous spur on the inner surface of the ankle on each hind leg that undergoes characteristic age-related morphological changes within the first 3 years of life. Females, in contrast, do not develop a spur but instead develop a vestigial spur sheath that is lost toward the end of their first year. Spur developmental stages can be used to assign male platypuses to three age categories: ‘juveniles’ (≤12 months old), ‘sub-adults’ (13–24 months old) and ‘adults’ (>2 years of age), which are capable of breeding. Male spurs grow from a mean length of 12.4 (±0.5) mm after emergence from the nesting burrow to 18.6 (±0.6) mm by the end of the first year of life in Victoria. Platypus age categories have at times been inaccurately assigned. Here, we present an annotated pictorial guide of these age categories, suitable for use by wildlife rescuers and researchers in a field setting, and in veterinary surgeries, to facilitate accurate identification by those not familiar with this aspect of platypus biology.