bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structured health intervention for truckers (SHIFT) cluster randomised controlled trial: a mixed methods process evaluation
Authors: Guest Amber J. , Paine Nicola J. , Chen Yu-Ling , Chalkley Anna , Munir Fehmidah , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Gray Laura J. , Johnson Vicki , Ruettger Katharina , Sayyah Mohsen , Sherry Aron , Troughton Jacqui , Varela-Mato Veronica , Yates Thomas , King James , Clemes Stacy A.
Published: July 2022

Background

This paper presents the mixed methods process evaluation of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) of the Structured Health Intervention For Truckers (SHIFT), a multi-component intervention targeting physical activity and positive lifestyle behaviours in a cohort of 382 truck drivers in the UK. The SHIFT RCT found a significant difference in daily steps between intervention and control groups at 6-months in favour of the intervention participants.

Methods

SHIFT was evaluated within a cluster-RCT and involved 25 transport sites (12 intervention and 13 control sites). Intervention components included an education session, Fitbit, text messages, and cab workout equipment. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline and 6-months follow-up. Semi-structured focus groups/interviews were conducted with drivers (n = 19) and managers (n = 18) from each site, after completion of the final follow-up health assessment (16-18 months post-randomisation). Questionnaires and interviews collected information on fidelity, dose, context, implementation, barriers, sustainability, and contamination.

Results

Questionnaire and interview data from intervention participants indicated favourable attitudes towards SHIFT, specifically towards the Fitbit with a high proportion of drivers reporting regularly using it (89.1%). 79.2% of intervention participants attended the education session, which was deemed useful for facilitating improvements in knowledge and behaviour change, dietary changes were predominantly recalled. Despite not being part of the intervention, participants reported that feedback from the health assessments motivated them to change aspects of their lifestyle (intervention = 91.1%, control = 67.5%). The cab workout equipment was used less and spoken unfavourably of in the interviews. The main barriers to a healthy lifestyle at work were reported as long hours and irregular shift patterns. The most suggested improvement for the intervention was more frequent contact with drivers. Managers were positive about the objectives of SHIFT, however almost all mentioned the challenges related to implementation, specifically in smaller sites.

Conclusions

Overall, SHIFT was predominantly implemented as intended, with minimal discrepancies seen between the delivery and protocol. Having said this, transport sites each have distinct characteristics, which may require adaptations to individual settings to encourage participation. Managers and drivers reported enthusiasm and necessity for SHIFT to be included in future Certificate of Professional Competence training.

Trial registration

ISRCTN10483894(date registered: 01/03/2017).
Efficacy of three surgical methods for gingivectomy of permanent anterior teeth with delayed tooth eruption in children
Authors: Xu Dan , Wang Peipei , Liu Hualian , Gu Min
Published: July 2022

Objective

To compare the efficacy of three surgically assisted permanent anterior tooth eruption methods (laser surgery, electrosurgery and routine surgery) in children.

Method

Sixty-three orthodontic children with retarded permanent anterior tooth were selected and according to the random number table divided into three groups: laser surgery group (group A), electrosurgery group (group B) and routine surgery group (group C). The total operative time (min), the duration of pain after gingival excision (d), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensity scores (0–10 cm), and gingival healing time (d) were all recorded. Six months after treatment, periodontal indexes of the three groups, including gingival indexes (GI), plaque indexes (PLI), probing depth (PD) were checked by the same periodontist and recorded.

Results

Surgical records showed that compared with group C, there were statistically significant differences in operative time, pain duration, pain intensity and healing time in group A and B (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in these four results between group A and group B. Periodontal examination indicators 6 months after surgery showed no statistical differences in GI, PLI and PD among group A, B and C. Oral clinical examination found that the three groups of patients with different treatment, dental eruption was normal.

Conclusion

All the three treatments can effectively solve the problem of delayed eruption of permanent anterior teeth in children. Particularly, laser surgery and high-frequency electrosurgery have good efficacy, little pain and high operability, which can be considered as a better method to aid teeth eruption.
Effect of postoperative radiotherapy in women with localized pure mucinous breast cancer after lumpectomy: a population-based study
Authors: Mo Qiuping , Wang Yongzhen , Shan JinLan , Wang Xiaochen
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Pure mucinous breast cancer is a rare subtype of invasive breast cancer with favorable prognosis, in which the effect of postoperative radiotherapy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of postoperative radiotherapy in women with localized pure mucinous breast cancer after lumpectomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare the effectiveness of postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and omitting postoperative radiotherapy (non-RT) in patients with first primary T1-2N0M0 (T ≤ 3 cm) pure mucinous breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy between 1998 and 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was compared between RT and non-RT groups using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model. Propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out to balance cohort baselines. In addition, an exploratory analysis was performed to verify the effectiveness of RT in subgroup patients.

Results

Of 7832 eligible patients, 5352 (68.3%) underwent lumpectomy with postoperative RT, 2480 (31.7%) received lumpectomy without postoperative RT. The median follow-up duration was 92 months. The median age was 66 years in the RT group and 76 years in the non-RT group.The 15-year BCSS was 94.39% (95% CI, 93.08% to 95.35%) in the RT group versus 91.45%(95% CI, 88.93% to 93.42%) in the non-RT group (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio for BCSS was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.83; P = 0.001) for RT group versus non-RT group. After propensity score matching, similar results were yielded. Adjuvant RT reduced the 15-year risk of breast cancer death from 7.92% to 6.15% (P = 0.039). The adjusted hazard ratio for BCSS were 0.66 (95%CI, 0.47 to 0.92; P = 0.014) for RT group versus non-RT group. The benefit of RT was well consistent across subgroup patients.

Conclusion

Among women with T1-2N0M0 (tumor size ≤ 3 cm) pure mucinous breast cancer, the addition of RT after lumpectomy was significantly associated with a reduced incidence of breast cancer death compared with non-RT, and the magnitude of benefit may be modest. This suggests that postoperative RT is recommended in the treatment of localized pure mucinous breast cancer.
Circ-FOXM1 promotes the proliferation, migration and EMT process of osteosarcoma cells through FOXM1-mediated Wnt pathway activation
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Qiongqiong , Shen Weimin
Published: July 2022

Background

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor that commonly occurs in adolescents with a high mortality rate and frequent pulmonary metastasis. Emerging evidence has suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulators in multiple biological activities of carcinomas. Nevertheless, the role of circRNAs derived from forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a well-accepted modulator of OS progression, has not been discussed in OS.

Methods

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was utilized to test circ-FOXM1 (hsa_circ_0025033) expression in OS cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), transwell assays and western blot analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and EMT process. Luciferase reporter assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were utilized to detect the interaction of circ-FOXM1 and RNAs.

Results

High expression of circ-FOXM1 was detected in OS cell lines. Functionally, circ-FOXM1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and EMT process, whereas induced the apoptosis of OS cells. From the aspect of molecular mechanism, circ-FOXM1 was discovered to upregulate FOXM1 expression via sponging miR-320a and miR-320b, therefore activating Wnt signaling pathway. Besides, rescue experiments elucidated that circ-FOXM1 regulated cellular activities of OS cells via FOXM1. Further, in vivo assays supported that loss of circ-FOXM1 restrained OS tumor growth.

Conclusion

Circ-FOXM1 facilitated the malignant phenotypes of OS cells through FOXM1-mediated Wnt pathway activation, revealing circ-FOXM1 as a potential biomarker for OS treatment.
Determinants of health among people who use illicit drugs in the conflict-affected countries of Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence
Authors: O’Brien Sally , Kyaw Khine Wut Yee , Jaramillo Margarita Marin , Roberts Bayard , Bijl Murdo , Platt Lucy
Published: July 2022

Background

Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar are the world’s leading heroin and cocaine producers and have also experienced prolonged periods of armed conflict. The link between armed conflict and drug markets is well established but how conflict impacts on the health and social determinants of people who use drugs is less clear. The aim was to investigate health outcomes and associated factors among people who use illicit drugs in Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review searching Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Global Health databases using terms relating to Afghanistan, Colombia and Myanmar; illicit drug use (all modes of drug administration); health and influencing factors. Quality assessment was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa-Scale and papers were analysed narratively.

Results

35 studies were included in Afghanistan (n = 15), Colombia (n = 9) and Myanmar (n = 11). Health outcomes focused predominantly on HIV, Hepatitis C (HCV), Hepatitis B and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with one study looking at human rights violations (defined as maltreatment, abuse and gender inequality). Drug use was predominantly injection of heroin, often alongside use of amphetamines (Myanmar), cocaine and cocaine-based derivatives (Colombia). Only one study measured the effect of a period of conflict suggesting this was linked to increased reporting of symptoms of STIs and sharing of needles/syringes among people who inject drugs. Findings show high levels of external and internal migration, alongside low-income and unemployment across the samples. External displacement was linked to injecting drugs and reduced access to needle/syringe programmes in Afghanistan, while initiation into injecting abroad was associated with increased risk of HCV infection. Few studies focused on gender-based differences or recruited women. Living in more impoverished rural areas was associated with increased risk of HIV infection.

Conclusions

More research is needed to understand the impact of armed-conflict and drug production on the health of people who use drugs. The immediate scale-up of harm reduction services in these countries is imperative to minimize transmission of HIV/HCV and address harms associated with amphetamine use and other linked health and social care needs that people who use drugs may face.
Toward a base-resolution panorama of the in vivo impact of cytosine methylation on transcription factor binding
Authors: Hernandez-Corchado Aldo , Najafabadi Hamed S.
Published: July 2022

Background

While methylation of CpG dinucleotides is traditionally considered antagonistic to the DNA-binding activity of most transcription factors (TFs), recent in vitro studies have revealed a more complex picture, suggesting that over a third of TFs may preferentially bind to methylated sequences. Expanding these in vitro observations to in vivo TF binding preferences is challenging since the effect of methylation of individual CpG sites cannot be easily isolated from the confounding effects of DNA accessibility and regional DNA methylation. Thus, in vivo methylation preferences of most TFs remain uncharacterized.

Results

We introduce joint accessibility-methylation-sequence (JAMS) models, which connect the strength of the binding signal observed in ChIP-seq to the DNA accessibility of the binding site, regional methylation level, DNA sequence, and base-resolution cytosine methylation. We show that JAMS models quantitatively explain TF occupancy, recapitulate cell type-specific TF binding, and have high positive predictive value for identification of TFs affected by intra-motif methylation. Analysis of 2209 ChIP-seq experiments results in high-confidence JAMS models for 260 TFs, revealing a negative association between in vivo TF occupancy and intra-motif methylation for 45% of studied TFs, as well as 16 TFs that are predicted to bind to methylated sites, including 11 novel methyl-binding TFs mostly from the multi-zinc finger family.

Conclusions

Our study substantially expands the repertoire of in vivo methyl-binding TFs, but also suggests that most TFs that prefer methylated CpGs in vitro present themselves as methylation agnostic in vivo, potentially due to the balancing effect of competition with other methyl-binding proteins.
PtoNF-YC9-SRMT-PtoRD26 module regulates the high saline tolerance of a triploid poplar
Authors: Tong Shaofei , Wang Yubo , Chen Ningning , Wang Deyan , Liu Bao , Wang Weiwei , Chen Yang , Liu Jianquan , Ma Tao , Jiang Yuanzhong
Published: July 2022

Background

Sensing and responding to stresses determine the tolerance of plants to adverse environments. The triploid Chinese white poplar is widely cultivated in North China because of its adaptation to a wide range of habitats including highly saline ones. However, its triploid genome complicates any detailed investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptations.

Results

We report a haplotype-resolved genome of this triploid poplar and characterize, using reverse genetics and biochemical approaches, a MYB gene, SALT RESPONSIVE MYB TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR (SRMT), which combines NUCLEAR FACTOR Y SUBUNIT C 9 (PtoNF-YC9) and RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (PtoRD26), to regulate an ABA-dependent salt-stress response signaling. We reveal that the salt-inducible PtoRD26 is dependent on ABA signaling. We demonstrate that ABA or salt drives PtoNF-YC9 shuttling into the nucleus where it interacts with SRMT, resulting in the rapid expression of PtoRD26 which in turn directly regulates SRMT. This positive feedback loop of SRMT-PtoRD26 can rapidly amplify salt-stress signaling. Interference with either component of this regulatory module reduces the salt tolerance of this triploid poplar.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal a novel ABA-dependent salt-responsive mechanism, which is mediated by the PtoNF-YC9-SRMT-PtoRD26 module that confers salt tolerance to this triploid poplar. These genes may therefore also serve as potential and important modification targets in breeding programs.
Physical activity induced alterations of gut microbiota in humans: a systematic review
Authors: Dziewiecka Hanna , Buttar Harpal S. , Kasperska Anna , Ostapiuk–Karolczuk Joanna , Domagalska Małgorzata , Cichoń Justyna , Skarpańska-Stejnborn Anna
Published: July 2022

Background

Gut microbiota is considered to have a great impact on human health and disease. While it is widely recognized that the gut microbiota of healthy individuals differs from those with obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and other chronic diseases, the alterations of gut microbiota with physical activity are not fully understood. Accordingly, we performed this systematic review to address the question regarding the effects of mild and intense exercise on the gut microbiota in humans.

Methods

The comparative analyses of gut microbiota were conducted following the PRISMA protocol to determine the differences in the active vs. non-active individuals (phenotypes) (n = 11), including the influence of physical activity intervention on the human gut microbiota (n = 13); the differences in the gut microbiota of athletes vs. non-athletes (n = 8); and the microbiota status at different stages of athletic performance or intervention (n = 7), with various of physical activities, sport disciplines, and activity duration. Literature searches were completed using four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, and 2090 articles were retrieved by using appropriate keywords. The low heterogeneity of the studies hasn’t allowed us to prepare a meta-analysis. After excluding 2052 articles, we ultimately selected 38 articles that met the eligibility criteria for this review.

Results

The data analyses revealed that in non-athletes rising physical activity markedly influenced the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). Aerobic training that lasted 60 min, and physical activity that characterized 60% HRmax or more also influenced beta diversity indexes. The results showed that athletes harbor a more diverse type of intestinal microflora than non-athletes, but with a relatively reduced abundance of SCFA- and lactic acid-producing bacteria, thereby suggesting an adverse effect of intense exercise on the population of gut microbiota.

Conclusion

It is concluded that the level of physical activity modulates the gastrointestinal microbiota in humans. For a long period, increasing the intensity and volume of exercise may lead to gut dysbiosis. Perhaps, proper supplementation should be considered to keep gut microbiota in large biodiversity and richness, especially under unfavorable gut conditions associated with intense exercise.

Trial registration

Prospero CRD42021264064.
CT and 18F-FDG PET abnormalities in contacts with recent tuberculosis infections but negative chest X-ray
Authors: Yoon Soon Ho , Goo Jin Mo , Yim Jae-Joon , Yoshiyama Takashi , Flynn JoAnne L.
Published: July 2022

Close contacts of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis are at risk for tuberculosis infection and the development of active tuberculosis. In current contact investigations, immunologic tests (the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay) and chest X-ray examinations are used to dichotomize contacts with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections into those with active (X-ray abnormalities) versus latent tuberculosis (normal radiographs). This article is a critical review of computed tomographic (CT) and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic (PET) findings of incipient tuberculosis without X-ray abnormalities based on a systematic literature review of twenty-five publications. The CT and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET studies revealed minimal pauci-nodular infiltrations in the lung parenchyma and mediastinal lymph nodes abnormalities with metabolic uptake in approximately one-third of asymptomatic close contacts with negative chest radiographic and bacteriological/molecular results for active tuberculosis. Tuberculosis with minimal changes challenge the validity of simply dichotomizing cases of recent M. tuberculosis infections in contacts depending on the presence of X-ray abnormalities as the recent infections may spontaneously regress, remain stagnant, or progress to active tuberculosis in human and nonhuman primate studies. Whether contacts with tuberculosis with minimal changes are interpreted as having active tuberculosis or latent tuberculosis has clinical implications in terms of specific benefits and harms under the current contact management. Advanced imaging tools may help further stratify contacts intensely exposed to M. tuberculosis on a continuous spectrum from latent tuberculosis to incipient, subclinical and active tuberculosis. Identifying incipient tuberculosis would provide an opportunity for earlier and tailored treatment before active tuberculosis is established.
Longitudinal study on background lesions in broiler breeder flocks and their progeny, and genomic characterisation of Escherichia coli
Authors: Kromann Sofie , Baig Sharmin , Stegger Marc , Olsen Rikke Heidemann , Bojesen Anders Miki , Jensen Henrik Elvang , Thøfner Ida
Published: July 2022

In broiler breeders, background mortality is rarely addressed, however, it represents the death of a vast number of birds, a constant productivity loss, welfare concerns and it might affect chick quality. The study aimed to unveil lesions leading to mortality in a study population perceived as healthy, combined with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Escherichia coli, a well-known contributor to disease problems in poultry. Broiler breeders (n = 340) originating from three distinct, putative healthy flocks and their progeny (n = 154) were subjected to a comprehensive post-mortem examination, bacteriological sampling, and sequencing of 77 E. coli isolates. Productivity data confirmed an exemplary health status of the enrolled flocks, and post-mortem examination further verified the absence of general disease problems. Among the submitted broiler breeders, exudative peritonitis (31.2%) was the most frequent lesion linked to infectious disease, whereas airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, and salpingitis occurred in 18.5%, 3.5%, 3.8% and 17%, respectively. Yolksacculitis occurred in 15.6% of the broilers, whilst pericarditis, perihepatitis and peritonitis were diagnosed in 9.7%, 7.1% and 9.1%, respectively. WGS revealed a diverse population where ST95 dominated the population retrieved from broiler breeders, whereas ST10 was highly prevalent among broilers. Both lineages could be isolated from extraintestinal sites of birds without lesions indicative of infection. In general, the genetic diversity within flocks was comparable to the diversity between farms, and the overall occurrence of resistance markers was low. In conclusion, a comprehensive insight into lesions associated with background mortality is presented, together with a vast diversity of E. coli isolated from extraintestinal sites during a non-outbreak situation.
Repeated cross-sectional sampling of pigs at slaughter indicates varying age of hepatitis E virus infection within and between pig farms
Authors: Meester Marina , Bouwknegt Martijn , Hakze-van der Honing Renate , Vernooij Hans , Houben Manon , van Oort Sophie , van der Poel Wim H. M. , Stegeman Arjan , Tobias Tijs
Published: July 2022

Humans can become infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) by consumption of undercooked pork. To reduce the burden of HEV in humans, mitigation on pig farms is needed. HEV is found on most pig farms globally, yet within-farm seroprevalence estimates vary considerably. Understanding of the underlying variation in infection dynamics within and between farms currently lacks. Therefore, we investigated HEV infection dynamics by sampling 1711 batches of slaughter pigs from 208 Dutch farms over an 8-month period. Four farm types, conventional, organic, and two types with strict focus on biosecurity, were included. Sera were tested individually with an anti-HEV antibody ELISA and pooled per batch with PCR. All farms delivered seropositive pigs to slaughter, yet batches (resembling farm compartments) had varying results. By combining PCR and ELISA results, infection moment and extent per batch could be classified as low transmission, early, intermediate or late. Cluster analysis of batch infection moments per farm resulted in four clusters with distinct infection patterns. Cluster 1 farms delivered almost exclusively PCR negative, ELISA positive batches to slaughter (PCR−ELISA+), indicating relatively early age of HEV infection. Cluster 2 and 3 farms delivered 0.3 and 0.7 of batches with intermediate infection moment (PCR+ELISA+) respectively and only few batches with early infection. Cluster 4 farms delivered low transmission (PCR−ELISA−) and late infection (PCR+ELISA−) batches, demonstrating that those farms can prevent or delay HEV transmission to farm compartments. Farm type partly coincided with cluster assignment, indicating that biosecurity and management are related to age of HEV infection.
Potential genetic robustness of Prnp and Sprn double knockout mouse embryos towards ShRNA-lentiviral inoculation
Authors: Rau Andrea , Passet Bruno , Castille Johan , Daniel-Carlier Nathalie , Asset Alexandre , Lecardonnel Jérome , Moroldo Marco , Jaffrézic Florence , Laloë Denis , Moazami-Goudarzi Katayoun , Vilotte Jean-Luc
Published: July 2022

The Shadoo and PrP prion protein family members are thought to be functionally related, but previous knockdown/knockout experiments in early mouse embryogenesis have provided seemingly contradictory results. In particular, Shadoo was found to be indispensable in the absence of PrP in knockdown analyses, but a double-knockout of the two had little phenotypic impact. We investigated this apparent discrepancy by comparing transcriptomes of WT, Prnp0/0 and Prnp0/0Sprn0/0 E6.5 mouse embryos following inoculation by Sprn- or Prnp-ShRNA lentiviral vectors. Our results suggest the possibility of genetic adaptation in Prnp0/0Sprn0/0 mice, thus providing a potential explanation for their previously observed resilience.
Theoretical formulation/development of signal sampling with an equal arc length using the frame theorem
Authors: Xu Chunying , Chen Jiawang , Ge Yongqiang , Li Miao
Published: July 2022

Nonuniform sampling with equal arc length intervals can be found in shape measurements with contact sensor arrays. In this study, the conditions of nonuniform spatial sampling with an equal arc length interval are derived from two frame theorems. First, for general nonuniform sampling, the condition is that the equal arc length interval of the sensors should be less than $$\frac{1}{4\Omega }$$

1

4
Ω

. Second, for strictly increasing sampling (the sampling point set is strictly increasing), the condition is that the equal arc length interval of the sensors should be less than $$\frac{1}{2\Omega }$$

1

2
Ω

. The $$\Omega$$
Ω
is the maximum frequency of the detected object. For the latter, if the sampling frequency is more than twice the sampling frequency required, the reconstruction error (RRMSE and MRE) is less than 5%. If the sampling frequency is more than 2.5 times, the reconstruction error is less than 3%. The simulation and the application test are carried out, and the results show that a sensor array with equal arc length interval can reconstruct the detected object with high accuracy.
A SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning IoT system with multiple sources fusion and federated Kalman filter
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Yan Xiaozhen , Wang Chenxu , Shao Yang , Zhou Zhiquan , Li Jianfeng , Hu Cong , Wang Chuntao , Ding Jinfeng
Published: July 2022

The navigation and positioning subsystem offers important position information for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system. It plays a crucial role during the underwater exploration and operations of AUV. Many scholars research underwater navigation and positioning. Various improved methods and systems were presented. However, as the diversity of the ocean environment, the random drift of the gyroscope, error accumulation, the variety of tasks, and other negative factors, the navigation and positioning results are uncertain and incredible. The accuracy, stability, and robustness are not guaranteed, which cannot meet the increasing application requirement. Therefore, we put forward a SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning IoT system with multiple resource fusion and a federated Kalman filter. In this method, we first present an improved SINS/DVL combined subsystem with a filtering gain compensation strategy. So we can enhance the accuracy and stability of the navigation and position system. Secondly, we proposed a USBL positioning subsystem with the Kalman filtering acoustic signals to improve USBL positioning performance. Lastly, we present a federated Kalman filter to fuse the positioning information from the SINS/DVL combined positioning subsystem and the USBL positioning subsystem. Through the three methods, we can enhance the positioning accuracy and robustness. Comprehensive simulation results indicated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed SINS/DVL/USBL integrated navigation and positioning system, which provides critical reference for other positioning method, and it also offers crucial position information for AUV to achieve high accuracy and efficiency tasks.
Mapping the viruses belonging to the order Bunyavirales in China
Authors: Teng Ai-Ying , Che Tian-Le , Zhang An-Ran , Zhang Yuan-Yuan , Xu Qiang , Wang Tao , Sun Yan-Qun , Jiang Bao-Gui , Lv Chen-Long , Chen Jin-Jin , Wang Li-Ping , Hay Simon I. , Liu Wei , Fang Li-Qun
Published: July 2022

Background

Viral pathogens belonging to the order Bunyavirales pose a continuous background threat to global health, but the fact remains that they are usually neglected and their distribution is still ambiguously known. We aim to map the geographical distribution of Bunyavirales viruses and assess the environmental suitability and transmission risk of major Bunyavirales viruses in China.

Methods

We assembled data on all Bunyavirales viruses detected in humans, animals and vectors from multiple sources, to update distribution maps of them across China. In addition, we predicted environmental suitability at the 10 km × 10 km pixel level by applying boosted regression tree models for two important Bunyavirales viruses, including Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV). Based on model-projected risks and air travel volume, the imported risk of RVFV was also estimated from its endemic areas to the cities in China.

Results

Here we mapped all 89 species of Bunyavirales viruses in China from January 1951 to June 2021. Nineteen viruses were shown to infect humans, including ten species first reported as human infections. A total of 447,848 cases infected with Bunyavirales viruses were reported, and hantaviruses, Dabie bandavirus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) had the severest disease burden. Model-predicted maps showed that Xinjiang and southwestern Yunnan had the highest environmental suitability for CCHFV occurrence, mainly related to Hyalomma asiaticum presence, while southern China had the highest environmental suitability for Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission all year round, mainly driven by livestock density, mean precipitation in the previous month. We further identified three cities including Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai, with the highest imported risk of RVFV potentially from Egypt, South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Kenya.

Conclusions

A variety of Bunyavirales viruses are widely distributed in China, and the two major neglected Bunyavirales viruses including CCHFV and RVFV, both have the potential for outbreaks in local areas of China. Our study can help to promote the understanding of risk distribution and disease burden of Bunyavirales viruses in China, and the risk maps of CCHFV and RVFV occurrence are crucial to the targeted surveillance and control, especially in seasons and locations at high risk.

Graphical abstract
Combating the global spread of poverty-related Monkeypox outbreaks and beyond
Authors: Tambo Ernest , Al-Nazawi Ashwaq M.
Published: July 2022

The current unprecedented Monkeypox outbreaks emergence and spread on non-endemic countries has led to over 3413 laboratory confirmed cases and one death, and yet, does not constitute a public health emergency of international concern as June 23th 2022. We urgently call for collective regional and global partnership, leadership commitment and investment to rapidly strengthen and implement Monkeypox World Health Organization outbreak Preparedness and emergency response actions plans implementation against Monkeypox outbreak. Given the importance of human–animal–environment interface and transmission dynamics, fostering global and regional One Health approach partnership and multisectoral collaboration programs have timely and robust sustained investment benefits on poverty-linked Monkeypox and other emerging epidemics population-based programs, while leveraging from lessons learnt. Moving forward requires addressing priority research questions listed and closing the knowledge gaps for Monkeypox and others neglected tropical diseases roadmap implementation in vulnerable and at risk countries.
Attitudes towards disordered eating in the rock climbing community: a digital ethnography
Authors: Strand Mattias
Published: July 2022

Background

Rock climbing is an antigravitational sport in which a low body weight may intuitively seem beneficial. A small number of studies have found an increased prevalence of disordered eating among adolescent and adult climbers. However, to date there has been no qualitative research into the attitudes towards disordered eating and body image in the rock climbing community.

Methods

This explorative study employed a netnographic approach with the aim of understanding how topics related to food, dieting, and disordered eating in the climbing community are addressed in online conversations. Discussion forums on nine major climbing websites as well as three climbing-related forums on the online community Reddit were searched for posts and comments related to the research question. The collected data were then assessed through thematic analysis, generating a number of themes and subthemes.

Results

Five overarching themes, labelled “Is there a problem?”, “Subjective experiences”, “Why and how is weight an issue?”, “The importance of context”, and “What can be done?”, were identified among the forum posts. Most forum users acknowledge that eating disorders are indeed a problem relevant to the climbing community, although a significant minority disagrees. While the assumed benefits of a low weight are clearly a dominant idea among climbers, weight may have become less important over time. Forum users also attest to ways in which climbing may in fact be helpful in fostering a positive body image, such as highlighting performance over aesthetics or emphasizing wholesome community values.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that the topic of disordered eating and negative body image is far from a blind spot or a “dark secret” within the rock climbing community, as is sometimes claimed. An undue focus on low body weight among climbers must be balanced by proper nutritional advice and healthy role models, not least for young climbers who may feel pressured to lose weight as a quick but short-sighted way to boost performance. Clinicians should be aware of the prevailing ‘weight talk’ in the climbing community and be attentive to negative body image and disordered eating in their patients.
Bioequivalence evaluation and food effect assessment of Lisinopril/amlodipine tablets in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions
Authors: Li Ting , Liu Yan-ping , Liu Shu-qin , Shi Ping , Jiang Xin , Tao Ye , Gao Xiao-meng , Ma Ya-ping , Cao Yu
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The combination of lisinopril and amlodipine has a marked additional effect on blood pressure and fewer side effects than individual monotherapy. This study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters and evaluate the bioequivalence between two Lisinopril/amlodipine tablets in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods

A single center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period crossover bioequivalence study was designed in healthy Chinese subjects under both fasting and fed conditions. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 144, 168 h after administration. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was applied to determine the plasma concentration of lisinopril and amlodipine. Maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) were used to evaluate bioequivalence. Adverse events were recorded.

Results

Ninety-two healthy subjects were enrolled, and 75 completed the study. The 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the ratio of geometric means (GMRs) of Cmax, AUC0-t,and AUC0-∞of lisinopril and amlodipine under both fasting and fed conditions fell within the conventional bioequivalence criteria of 0.80–1.25. A high-fat meal appeared to decrease the Cmaxand AUC of lisinopril. No severe adverse events were observed.

Conclusion

The trial demonstrated that the test and the reference lisinopril/amlodipine tablets were bioequivalent and well tolerated in Chinese people under fasting and fed conditions.

Trial registration

Clinical Trails.gov identifier,NCT04885660(retrospectively registered in 13/05/ 2021).
Implementation of Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Units on grouped time-series data to predict stock prices accurately
Authors: Lawi Armin , Mesra Hendra , Amir Supri
Published: July 2022

Stocks are an attractive investment option because they can generate large profits compared to other businesses. The movement of stock price patterns in the capital market is very dynamic. Therefore, accurate data modeling is needed to forecast stock prices with a low error rate. Forecasting models using Deep Learning are believed to be able to predict stock price movements accurately with time-series data input, especially the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithms. Unfortunately, several previous studies and investigations of LSTM/GRU implementation have not yielded convincing performance results. This paper proposes eight new architectural models for stock price forecasting by identifying joint movement patterns in the stock market. The technique is to combine the LSTM and GRU models with four neural network block architectures. Then, the proposed architectural model is evaluated using three accuracy measures obtained from the loss function Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Percentage Error (RMSPE), and Rooted Mean Dimensional Percentage Error (RMDPE). The three accuracies, MAPE, RMSPE, and RMDPE, represent lower accuracy, true accuracy, and higher accuracy in using the model.
Intracellular accumulation of tau inhibits autophagosome formation by activating TIA1-amino acid-mTORC1 signaling
Authors: Li Meng-Zhu , Liu En-Jie , Zhou Qiu-Zhi , Li Shi-Hong , Liu Shi-Jie , Yu Hai-Tao , Pan Qi-Hang , Sun Fei , He Ting , Wang Wei-Jin , Ke Dan , Feng Yu-Qi , Li Jun , Wang Jian-Zhi
Published: July 2022

Background

Autophagy dysfunction plays a crucial role in tau accumulation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether and how the accumulating tau may in turn affect autophagy.

Methods

The primary hippocampal neurons, N2a and HEK293T cells with tau overexpression were respectively starved and treated with vinblastine to study the effects of tau on the initiating steps of autophagy, which was analysed by Student's two-tailed t-test. The rapamycin and concanamycin A were employed to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and the vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase) activity, respectively, which were analysed by One‐way ANOVA with post hoc tests. The Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining were conducted to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying the tau effects of mTORC1 signaling alterations, as analysed by Student's two-tailed t-test or One‐way ANOVA with post hoc tests. The autophagosome formation was detected by immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. The amino acids (AA) levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results

We observed that overexpressing human full-length wild-type tau to mimic AD-like tau accumulation induced autophagy deficits. Further studies revealed that the increased tau could bind to the prion-related domain of T cell intracellular antigen 1 (PRD-TIA1) and this association significantly increased the intercellular level of amino acids (Leucine, P = 0.0038; Glutamic acid, P = 0.0348; Alanine, P = 0.0037; Glycine, P = 0.0104), with concordant upregulation of mTORC1 activity [phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1), P < 0.0001; phosphorylated 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p-p70S6K1), P = 0.0001, phosphorylated unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1 (p-ULK1), P = 0.0015] and inhibition of autophagosome formation [microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II (LC3 II), P = 0.0073; LC3 puncta, P < 0.0001]. As expected, this tau-induced deficit of autophagosome formation in turn aggravated tau accumulation. Importantly, we also found that blocking TIA1 and tau interaction by overexpressing PRD-TIA1, downregulating the endogenous TIA1 expression by shRNA, or downregulating tau protein level by a small proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) could remarkably attenuate tau-induced autophagy impairment.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal that AD-like tau accumulation inhibits autophagosome formation and induces autophagy deficits by activating the TIA1/amino acid/mTORC1 pathway, and thus this work reveals new insight into tau-associated neurodegeneration and provides evidence supporting the use of new therapeutic targets for AD treatment and that of related tauopathies.
A feasibility study on yoga’s mechanism of action for chronic low back pain: psychological and neurophysiological changes, including global gene expression and DNA methylation, following a yoga intervention for chronic low back pain
Authors: Adhikari Bandita , Starkweather Angela , Xu Wanli , Acabchuk Rebecca L. , Ramesh Divya , Eze Bright , Yang Yuxuan , Yang Gee Su , Walker Joseph , Laubenbacher Reinhard , Park Crystal L.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Yoga has been shown to reduce pain and improve function in populations with chronic low back pain (cLBP), yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of a yoga research protocol, including recruitment, retention, and data collection, and investigated the preliminary effects of yoga on psychological and neurophysiological functions, including gene expression and DNA methylation profiles, in participants with cLBP.

Methods

A one-arm trial was conducted with 11 participants with cLBP who enrolled in a 12-week yoga intervention. Data on subjective pain characteristics, quantitative sensory testing, and blood for analysis of differentially expressed genes and CpG methylation was collected prior to the start of the intervention and at study completion.

Results

Based on pre-determined feasibility and acceptability criteria, the yoga intervention was found to be feasible and highly acceptable to participants. There was a reduction in pain severity, interference, and mechanical pain sensitivity post-yoga and an increase in emotion regulation and self-efficacy. No adverse reactions were reported. Differential expression analysis demonstrated that the yoga intervention induced increased expression of antisense genes, some of which serve as antisense to known pain genes. In addition, there were 33 differentially hypomethylated positions after yoga (log2 fold change ≥ 1), with enrichment of genes involved in NIK/NF-kB signaling, a major pathway that modulates immune function and inflammation.

Discussion/conclusions

The study supports the feasibility and acceptability of the proposed protocol to test a specific mechanism of action for yoga in individuals with cLBP. These results also support the notion that yoga may operate through our identified psychological and neurophysiologic pathways to influence reduced pain severity and interference.
Anxiety and prior victimization predict online gender-based violence perpetration among Indonesian young adults during COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional study
Authors: Wirawan Gede Benny Setia , Hanipraja Magdalena Anastasia , Chrysanta Gabrielle , Imtaza Nadya , Ahmad Karima Taushia , Marlina Inda , Mahendra Dimas , Larosa Alvin Theodorus
Published: July 2022

Background

Most of human interactions moved to the cyberspace for much of the pandemic. It was no surprise that online violence was also on the rise. One of the objectives of this study was to describe the prevalence and risk factors of online gender-based violence (OGBV) perpetration during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The final analysis included 1006 respondents, 84.2% of whom were women and 94.5% were heterosexual. Over 60% of respondents admitted having perpetrated at least one type of OGBV once. It included 58.6% of women who admitted having perpetrated OGBV. Logistic regression analysis identified anxiety, online disinhibition, and history of victimization as independent risk factors of perpetration with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.30–2.56), 1.38 (95% CI 1.03–1.85), and 9.72 (95% CI 5.11–18.51), respectively. Sub-group analysis that identified these factors also facilitated increased frequency and severity of OGBV perpetration.

Conclusions

We found a high proportion of OGBV perpetration among young adults during the pandemic among all genders although women were grossly overrepresented among the respondents. Risk factors of perpetration included anxiety, online disinhibition, and prior victimization. The pandemic situation which heightened general anxiety and increased dependency on online communication may facilitate the perpetration of OGBV. The generalization of this result should pay attention to the caveat that the demographic of respondents is heavily skewed toward women.
Effect of physicochemical parameters on Anopheles mosquitoes larval composition in Akure North Local Government area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Akeju Adebayo Victor , Olusi Titus Adeniyi , Simon-Oke Iyabo Adepeju
Published: July 2022

Background

A lot of factors contribute to the breeding ofAnophelesmosquitoes, especially vectors of malaria parasites. This indirectly contributes to the transmission of these parasites. The physicochemical parameters associated with the population ofAnopheleslarvae were studied for the period of twelve months in five selected communities in Akure North Local Government area of Ondo State. This study was carried out to understand the relationship between selected physicochemical parameters and the population ofAnopheleslarvae in the study area.

Results

Electrical conductivity was significantly correlated with the abundance ofAn. gambiaeandAn. funestusin the area (r = 0.840 and 0.843, respectively). Abundance ofAnopheleslarvae follows a positive linear regression with electrical conductivity (R2 = 0.691). The pH was not significantly different in all the communities (P > 0.05); pH was negatively correlated with the abundance ofAn. gambiaeandAn. funestuslarvae,r =  − 0.530 and − 0.470, respectively.Anopheleslarvae population decreases as pH increases (R2 = 0.292). Total dissolved solid was positively correlated with the abundance ofAnopheleslarvae, though the correlation was weak (r = 0.21). There was slightly increase inAnopheleslarvae population as total dissolved solid increases (R2 = 0.048). The abundance ofAnopheleslarvae increases as the dissolved oxygen,R2 = 0.552. Dissolved oxygen was not significantly correlated withAnopheleslarvae population (r =  − 0.734 and − 0.789 , respectively), there was no significant difference across the study area (P > 0.05). Temperature was significantly correlated with the abundance ofAnopheleslarvae (r = 0.74).Anopheleslarvae increase as the temperature increases (R2 = 0.582).

Conclusions

The study revealed the important physicochemical parameters that influence the abundance ofAnopheleslarvae in the study area. Manipulation of these important parameters could help in reducing the population of the immature stages of this vector.