bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cataracts in Infancy
Authors: Calhoun Joseph H.
Published: December 2021

A cataract is a loss of transparency of any size or degree in that unique organ of vision, the crystalline lens of the eye. To the layman a cataract often connotes a visually significant opacity that impairs vision and requires surgery.

ANATOMY OF THE LENS

The lens is a biconcave transparent organ that can alter its shape to meet different optical needs. It lies immediately posterior to the iris and just anterior to the vitreous humor. A portion of the lens is visible through the pupil. The lens is held or suspended in place by the zonules or suspensory ligaments, which arise from the reqion of the ciliary processes and attach to the equator of the lens.

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE LENS

The lens is unique in many ways. At about the 4-mm stage in the embroy. the surface ectoderm over the advancing optic vesicle begins to thicken, and then invaginates to form the lens pit, which later separates from the surface ectoderm to form a spherical cavity, the lens vesicle. Those cells originally on the surface of the ectoderm now line the lens vesicle surrounded by the basement membrane of these cells, the future lens capsule. By the seventh week of life, those cells on the posterior part of the vesicle have elongated and proliferated to obliterate the cavity of the lens vesicle to form the embryonic nucleus, which remains unchanged throughout life (Fig 1).
Cystic Fibrosis: Current Approach to Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Wheeler William B. , Colten Harvey R.
Published: December 2021

Major advances have been made in understanding the basic abnormalities in cystic fibrosis, in DNA technology and genetic research, and in basic treatment of the patient with cystic fibrosis. As our knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease increases, our care becomes more sophisticated and the patients survive longer. As larger numbers of adults with cystic fibrosis survive, an entirely new set of problems have been encountered and must be solved.
Alcohol and Psychoactive Drug Use During Pregnancy
Authors: Zuckerman Barry , Alpert Joel J.
Published: December 2021

The impact of alcohol and psychactive drug use during pregnancy on the newborn has been discussed in two recent articles in Pediatrics in Review1,2 and continues to be a topic of clinical importance. Some of the effects of these substances are known. Heroin and methadone use results in low birth weight and narcotic abstinence syndrome, although long-term effects on development are uncertain.1 The risk of heavy drinking is unquestioned,2 but investigators disagree as to the effects of lesser amounts of alcohol.2-5 Results of some studies do not show an association between less than heavy drinking during pregnancy and adverse newborn outcome,6-11 in contrast to the consistent findings of the risks associated with cigarette smoking,4,11
Assessing the perception of stakeholders regarding the impact of coastal tourism on the environment in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area
Authors: Stan Mari-Isabella , Aivaz Kamer-Ainur , Vintilă Dragoş-Florian , Lonițiu Lonela
Published: December 2021

The coastal and marine area is one of an endlessly increasing number of human activities and provisions, the most significant of which are those associated with tourism. With the start of the MARSPLAN BS-II project in 2019, the planning of public participation actions of stakeholders to identify areas and important features for each maritime activity to develop and implement MSP has started. This study, using an appropriate exploratory approach, namely Grounded Theory, aims to assess stakeholders' perceptions of the environmental impact of tourism in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area to identify potential barriers that may arise from the perspective of implementing the Black Sea MSP. Even if the impact of tourism on the environment cannot be studied in-depth and fully proven, it is obvious, through our results, that tourism should fully enjoy the management and planning efforts.
Relationship between Google search and the Vietcombank stock
Authors: Pham Tien Phat , Hoang Sinh Duc , Popesko Boris , Hussain Sarfraz , Quddus Abdul
Published: December 2021

The overall objective of this research is to analyze the financial condition of failing companies prior to bankruptcy, in comparison with non-failing companies, which are matched on the industry, size, and time-period. The sample consists of 168 SMEs from the wholesale and retail industry, whose financial statements were analyzed for the 2011-2015 period. The analysis is primarily based on the ratio analysis and the models developed for bankruptcy prediction and financial statement manipulation. Mann-Whitney U test is used to compare differences between failing and non-failing SMEs for a set of twenty variables. Research findings indicate that there is a significant difference between failing and non-failing SMEs, especially in accruals, asset quality, leverage, profitability, and liquidity. For the very first time in the transition economy of CEE Bosnia and Herzegovina, the pre-bankruptcy behavior of failing SMEs is analyzed, providing insights into potentially manipulated areas, which represent the main contribution of the research.
Scenario approach to agricultural development in Azerbaijan
Authors: Hajiyeva Nadjiba Gabilqizi
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the optimal scenario to develop agriculture for the effective diversification of the Azerbaijani economy. By constructing an intersectoral balance model and using regression analysis, we propose the approach for determining optimal agriculture development scenarios taking into account the current development trends of the industry: innovative, inertial, and balanced. Using the balance model helps to account for the cause-and-effect relationships between the indicators of the development of all sectors of the Azerbaijani economy and comprehensively assess the impact of agricultural development on the diversification of the national economy. In contrast to the classical balance model, the modified model proposed in our article provides possibilities to assess not just the production potential of industries but also their contribution to the formation of the country's GDP and diversification of the economy on the way to neutralizing oil dependence.
A practical model to implementing IFRS in the national accounting system: The case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Valiyev Akif , Huseynov Arif , Gadimli Nushaba , Huseynov Ilham , Elmar Abasov
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to develop a methodological approach to substantiating the effective consolidation model of national accounting standards (NAS) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for Azerbaijan. Using the questionnaire method, the advantages, and obstructions of IFRS implementation in Azerbaijan have been assessed, depending on the practicing models of consolidation of NAS and IFRS. Using fuzzy sets made it possible to determine the levels of development of advantages and obstructions associated with the introduction of IFRS into national accounting practice in Azerbaijan. We determined the most effective model of consolidation of NAS and IFRS for the enterprises of Azerbaijan. The effectiveness of implementing models for the consolidation of NAS and IFRS has been assessed to provide a balance between advantages and destructive factors in the implementation of IFRS.
Anatomía topográfica
Authors: Maldonado Moreno Rebeca Alexandra , Jiménez Quiñónez Kimberly Yadira , Santillan Jaramillo Vanessa Carolina , Brito Abril Juan Carlos , Contreras Herrera Viviana Rocío , Calderón Reza Juan Carlos , Pacheco Naranjo Adrian Mauricio , Vera Moncayo Ángel Vicente , Pinargote Chiriguaya Manuel Cristóbal , Bermúdez Quijano María Gabriela , Dávila Suconota Mauricio Sebastián
Published: December 2021

Aprender consiste en “descubrir, asimilar e incorporar la verdad en la experiencia hasta el punto de influir significativamente en la conducta” (Rogers). Esto significa que el aprendizaje ocurre cuando se produce un cambio importante en alguna de las dimensiones fundamentales del ser humano, tales como la dimensión cognitiva, la actitudinal, la ecológica, etc. Entenderemos entonces que, si la educación es un fenómeno holístico y sistémico, en el que intervienen muchos factores, entre ellos la salud, significa que, por ejemplo, las enfermedades, los trastornos, los síndromes o problemas tendrán una base anatómica. Por eso, los docentes de este siglo deberá incorporar destrezas tecnológicas para impartir sus cátedras, logrando así transmitir conocimiento a una generación eminentemente virtual, Con lo anteriormente mencionado se comprende la importancia de esta obra para los docentes comprometidos con la superación educativa en todos los niveles. Por todo ello esta obra compendia los saberes magistrales de la anatomía descriptiva, logrando a los lectores ubicarlos en cada plano corte y disección anatómica, empleando como herramienta el dibujo, ya que en este podemos captar en una misma lamina todas las referencias anatómicas deseadas por los autores.
Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais
Authors: Krüger Cristiane , Baldassari Adriana Cristina Castanho , Lopes Luis Felipe Dias , Silva Lizana Ilha da
Published: December 2021

Os avanços tecnológicos possibilitam o acesso e compartilhamento rápido de dados e informações pessoais, o que demanda maior segurança e exigência de atitudes conscientes dos diversos profissionais que lidam com essas questões. Os profissionais de contabilidade se destacam neste universo por serem responsáveis por dados de clientes, fornecedores e colaboradores. O cenário de insegurança informacional levou à criação da LGPD, legislação específica para o tratamento de dados pessoais. Motivada por esse contexto, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar os determinantes para conformidade da LGPD junto aos profissionais de contabilidade. Para alcançar tal propósito foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e de levantamento. Na coleta dos dados desenvolveu-se e aplicou-se um questionário on-line com profissionais de contabilidade. A amostra final pesquisada totalizou 194 respondentes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. O modelo validado apresentou as dimensões de comportamentos e atitudes pessoais e os mecanismos de governança como determinantes, explicando 26,3% da conformidade com a LGPD. Esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão de aspectos comportamentais dos profissionais da contabilidade frente à nova legislação, é uma abordagem inédita e supre uma lacuna na área contábil, apresentando contribuições úteis para instituições de ensino, órgãos de classe e empresas da área.
BORSA YATIRIM FONLARINA DAYALI STATİK VE DİNAMİK PORTFÖY OPTİMİZASYON ANALİZLERİ
Authors: BÜBERKÖKÜ Önder
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada ABD S&P500 endeksinde yer alan ve 9 farklı sektörü esas alan borsa yatırım fonları (Exchange-traded funds, ETFs) dikkate alınarak Markowitz (1952) ortalama-varyans yöntemi ile bu yönteme alternatif teşkil eden koşullu riske maruz değer yöntemi, risk paritesi yöntemi ve Kelly kriterinin portföy optimizasyon performansları statik ve dinamik optimizasyon yaklaşımları kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Analizler öncelikle incelenen dönem için tek bir optimal portföy üreten statik optimizasyon yaklaşımı ile yapılmıştır. Ardından analizler aylık bazda güncellenen veri setine bağlı olarak her ay için farklı optimal portföyler üreten dinamik optimizasyon yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Optimal portföylerin performanslarının karşılaştırılmasında Jensen (alfa) kriterinin yanı sıra Sharpe, Calmar, Sortino, Treynor ve Bilgi rasyolarından yararlanılmıştır. Çalışma bulguları açık bir şekilde koşullu riske maruz değer yönteminin en iyi performansı sergileyen yöntem olduğu sonucuna işaret etmektedir.
Improving the technology of rolling rail steels by a comprehensive optimization parameter
Authors: Umanskii A. A. , Yur'ev A. B.
Published: December 2021

The authors have developed a technique for improving the rolling modes of rail steels based on a complex optimization parameter. The technology of rolling rail profiles in the roughing stands of rail-and-structural steel mills and the technology of rolling ball blanks and grinding balls from the rejection of continuously cast blanks of rail steels are selected as the methodology objects. The generalized optimization parameter is the generalized Harrington desirability function, which depends on the partial desirability indicators according to the criteria of energy efficiency, quality of rolled products, material conservation and mill productivity. The share of influence of the listed partial optimization criteria on the generalized desirability function is taken into account by using weighting coefficients. Justification of the coefficient values is based on the results of a comparative analysis of reserves for reducing costs or losses in value terms. An algorithm for applying the technique has been developed. The analysis and generalization of the available initial data and additional research were carried out as a part of the first block. These studies are aimed at obtaining justified analytical dependencies of particular optimization criteria and measured rolling parameters. The second block is justification of the specific direction of rolling modes, the choice of which is carried out on the basis of checking the compliance of boundary conditions. The third block includes development of the parameters of the new rolling mode and assessment of its applicability and effectiveness. The fourth block involves pilot testing of a new rolling mode in the conditions of an existing rolling mill and if it is necessary, adjusting the methodology for determining the forecast values of the measured indicators. With the use of the developed methodology, the modes of rolling of railway and sharp rails in the roughing stands of universal rail-and-structural steel mill of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” were improved, and the mode of rolling grinding balls from the rejection of rail blanks at the cross-screw rolling mill of JSC “GMZ” was changed. There is a significant improvement in the quality, technical and economic indicators, which indicates the effectiveness of the developed methodology.
Modeling of thermal stresses during hardening the product surface by thermal pulse
Authors: Temlyantsev M. V. , Bazaikina O. L. , Temlyantseva E. N. , Tsellermaer V. Ya.
Published: December 2021

A particular solution of a linear variant of the dynamic thermal elasticity problem is considered in application to modeling the conditions of surface hardening of metal products by an energy pulse. The authors determined the equation of medium motion with the model of temperature pulse tested earlier for compatibility with special cases of the equations of parabolic and hyperbolic thermal conductivity. The problem of loading a flat plane of a short circular cylinder (disk) with a temperature pulse is presented. Pulse is a consequence of adopted structure of the volumetric power density of the heat flux, the time multiplier of which has the form of a single wave of the Heaviside function. Classical thermoelastic displacement potential and the method of its division into the product of independent variables functions were used to construct the thermal stress tensor. Differential equations for multiplier functions and their general solutions were found. Natural boundary conditions were set for the components of thermal stress tensor, and their tasks were solved. The obtained solutions are in the form of segments of functional series (the Bessel function in radial coordinate and the exponential function in axial coordinate). The article considers a numerical example of loading a disk made of 40KhN steel which has the mechanical properties sensitive to temperature treatment. Maple computer mathematics package was used in the calculations. Approximate solutions take into account the first 24 terms of the functional series. Estimation of the example makes it possible to explain the presence of stress peaks and stress intensity as a consequence of mutually inverse processes of temperature stress growth and reduction of elasticity coefficients with temperature rise. The numerical example warns against relying only on estimates of solutions to thermoelasticity problems without taking into account the plastic and viscous properties of the material.
Strength and fracture mechanism during torsion of ultrafine-grained austenitic steel for medical applications
Authors: Klevtsov G. V. , Valiev R. Z. , Fesenyuk M. V. , Klevtsova N. A. , Tyur'kov M. N. , Abramova M. M. , Raab G. I.
Published: December 2021

The article considers evaluation of torsional strength and fracture of austenitic corrosion-resistant steel 08Kh18N9 with an ultrafine-grained (UFG) and coarse-grained (CG) structure, widely used in medicine for the production of plates, screws, rods for bone osteosynthesis and other medical products. The structure of the CG steel was studied using an Axiovert 40 MAT metallographic microscope, and the fine structure of the UFG steel was investigated with a JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope. Torsion tests of the cylindrical samples with a diameter of 10 mm were carried out at a temperature of 20 °C on MK-50 installation. JEOL JCM-6000 scanning electron microscope was used for the microfractographic studies of fracture surfaces. The analysis of the “Torque - torsion angle” diagrams showed that the torsional ultimate strength (τt) and yield strength (τ0.3) of UFG steel increase by 1.3 - 3.8 times, and the relative shear (g) decreases by 2.4 times in comparison with CG steel. High values of torsional strength properties of UFG steel make it possible to provide high torque without destroying the product. Consequently UFG steel 08Kh18N9 in comparison with CG steel is a more promising material for the manufacture of medical screws and other medical products that experience significant loads during the torsion process. Three areas were identified on the surface of all fractures: fibrous central part, transitional (middle) part, and a relatively smooth peripheral part. Fracture begins with the formation of shear pits in the middle and peripheral parts, which, with further rotation of the sample, are completely rubbed out (in case CG steel), or remain (in case of UFG steel). Final failure occurs under the action of normal stresses in the central part of the sample.
Penentuan Komposisi Bahan Bakar Nabati Dalam Bahan Bakar Minyak Campuran Menggunakan Metode Direct Counting C-14
Authors: Sanusi Neneng Laksminingpuri , Ramadhani Moch Faizal , Nurfadhlini Nurfadhlini , Aisyah Lies
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK. Telah dilakukan penentuan komposisi bahan bakar nabati (BBN) dalam bahan bakar minyak campuran (BBMC) dengan metode direct counting C-14. Penentuan komposisi BBN dalam BBMC dilakukan dengan cara memipet 10 mL BBMC ke dalam vial gelas kemudian ditambahkan 10 mL larutan sintilator Ultima Gold F (UGF) ke dalamnya. Vial tersebut dikocok agar campuran menjadi homogen kemudian dicacah menggunakan LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counter) Elmer Perkin 2900TR selama 20 menit sebanyak 30 siklus. Hasil pencacahan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tSIE (transformed external standard spectrum) dan cpm (cacahan permenit). Hasil analisis memperlihatkan nilai cpm yang meningkat seiring kenaikan persentase BBN dalam BBMC. Nilai cpm terendah dan tertinggi untuk sampel bensin, avtur, dan solar berturut-turut adalah 14,2363 dan 62,0343, 10,664 dan 44,535, serta 9,410 dan 61,789. Terdapat korelasi kuat antara nilai tSIE dan nilai cpm pada bensin dan solar tapi tidak pada avtur. Hasil analisis terhadap sampel uji menunjukkan bahwa sampel tersebut berada di luar grafik deret sampel. Metode direct counting ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi dalam uji mutu BBMC.ABSTRACT. The composition of biofuel (BF) in mixed oil fuel (MOF) has been determined using the C-14 direct counting method. Determination of the composition of BF in MOF was carried out by pipetting 10 mL of BBMC into a glass vial and then adding 10 mL of Ultima Gold F (UGF) scintillator solution into it. The vial was shaken so that the mixture became homogeneous and then counted using the Elmer Perkin 2900TR LSC (Liquid Scintillation Counter) for 20 minutes for 30 cycles. The results of the counting are displayed in the form of tSIE (transformed external standard spectrum) and cpm (counts per minute). The results of the analysis show that the value of cpm increases with the increase in the percentage of BF in MOF. The lowest and highest cpm values for gasoline, avtur, and diesel samples were 14.2363 and 62.0343, 10.664 and 44.535, and 9.410 and 61.789, respectively. There is a strong correlation between tSIE and cpm values for gasoline and diesel but not for avtur. The results of the analysis of the test sample indicate that the sample is outside the sample series graph. This direct counting method is expected to be a reference in the BBMC quality test.
STUDI PENGARUH FILLING RATIO PADA MODEL LOOP HEAT PIPE
Authors: Fadillah Rizky , Kusuma Mukhsinun Hadi , Giarno Giarno , Kholil Ahmad
Published: December 2021

Pembuangan panas sisa hasil peluruhan pada saat sistem pendingin aktif mengalami kegagalan masih menjadi permasalahan termal. Loop heat pipe (LHP) sebagai salah satu teknologi sistem pendingin pasif berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam menangani permasalahan termal tersebut. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh filling ratio terhadap unjuk kerja termal model LHP yang dibuat pada berbagai variasi filling ratio yang diberikan dan fenomena perpindahan kalor yang terjadi di dalamnya. Metode eksperimen dilakukan dengan cara mengoperasikan LHP pada filling ratio 100 %, 150 % dan 200%. Dalam eksperimen ini, laju aliran udara di condenser diberikan sebesar 2 m/s, beban kalor sebesar 35, 45, 55, dan 65oC. Model LHP divakum dengan tekanan awal -74 cm Hg. Hasil eksperimen yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa LHP memiliki unjuk kerja termal terbaik ketika dioperasikan pada filling ratio 200%, yaitu dengan nilai hambatan termal sebesar 0,0017 oC/W. Fenomena perpindahan kalor yang didapatkan berupa distibusi suhu di dalam LHP yaitu overshoot, zigzag dan stable. Kesimpulan studi menunjukan bahwa filling ratio terbesar yang diberikan pada LHP memberikan unjuk kerja termal terbaik, karena semakin banyak fluida kerja yang ada didalam model LHP menyebabkan semakin agresifnya pendidihan dan semakin besar transfer kalor pada LHP.
STUDI EKSPERIMEN PENGARUH BEBAN KALOR TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TERMAL MODEL LOOP HEAT PIPE
Authors: Nugraha Aziz Yudha , Kusuma Mukhsinun Hadi , Giarno Giarno , Wardoyo Wardoyo
Published: December 2021

Sistem pendingin pasif sangat diperlukan sebagai redundance apabila sistem pendingin aktif pada instalasi nuklir mengalami kegagalan operasi. Konspe teknologi sistem pendinginan pasif yang potensial digunakan dalam menyerap dan membuang kalor dengan baik adalah loop heat pipe (LHP). Diharapkan LHP menjadi solusi manajemen termal dalam keselamatan pengoperasian instalasi nuklir. Tujuan studi eksperimen ini adalah untuk mengetahui fenomena perpindahan kalor yang terjadi di dalam model LHP yang dibuat sendiri dan bagaimana unjuk kerja termalnya dalam menyerap dan melepas kalor. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan melakukan eksperimen model LHP pada variasi beban kalor pada suhu air panas 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, dan 65°C. Fluida kerja di dalam evaporator menggunakan air demineral dengan filling ratio 200 %. Pembuangan kalor pada bagian condenser menggunakan udara dengan laju pendinginan sebesar 2 m/s. Model LHP divakum dengan tekanan sebesar -74 cm Hg. Hasil studi eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan fenomena overshoot, zigzag, dan stable seperti fenomena umum perpindahan kalor yang terjadi pada LHP. Unjuk kerja termal terbaik didapatkan dengan hambatan termal terkecil sebesar 0,0017 ºC/W, yaitu diperoleh pada saat model LHP dioperasikan pada beban kalor 65°C. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi beban kalor yang diterima oleh evaporator menyebabkan semakin kecilnya nilai hambatan termal model LHP.
PERHITUNGAN INVENTORI NUKLIDA PADA PIN SEL BAHAN BAKAR REAKTOR PWR
Authors: Paulus Santo , Bakhri Syaiful , Surbakti Tukiran
Published: December 2021

Perhitungan fisika reaktor untuk deplesi bahan bakar telah dilakukan, yang mengarah pada inventori isotop Pu di dalam bahan bakar sisa. Perhitungan inventori sotop bahan bakar dilakukan dengan program computer WIMSD-5B menggunakan data nuklir ENDFB-VII.1. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi jumlah atom Pu didalam bahan bakar selama reactor dioperasikan 3 tahun. Nilai parameter fluks dihitung program WIMSD dengan model  pin bahan bakar yang terletak di zona bahan bakar aktif. Bahan bakar yang dimodelnya terdiri dari tipe A dan B.  Hasil perhitungan faktor perkalian tak hingga pin sel PWR yang dihitung menggunakan paket program WIMSD berturut-turut adalah 1,13614 dan 1,19171 untuk bahan bakar tipe A dan B. Dari hasil perhitungan dapat dinyatakan bahwa jumlah Pu yang tersisa tergantung pada model bahan bakar yang digunakan. Nilai faktor perkalian tak hingga juga  sangat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk model bahan bakar yang digunakan
Leading Reflective Practices in Montessori Schools
Authors: Damore Sharon , Rieckhoff Barbara
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we report the results of a qualitative study examining the development of leadership competencies as Montessori school leaders gain experience using a coaching protocol with their teachers. Extending previous work, the emphasis is on the school leaders’ specific roles as instructional supervisors leading reflective practices. National standards, both traditional and Montessori, are a foundation to investigate a group of Montessori school leaders’ development in reference to articulated competencies, specifically for the school leader to tend to their own learning and effectiveness through reflection, study, and improvement, and to empower teachers to the highest levels of professional practice and to continuous learning and improvement. After the use of a prescribed coaching protocol, 12 Montessori school leaders from 6 schools across the United States were interviewed using a set of semistructured questions. The study results support that reflective practices lead to both improvement of practice with this group of Montessori school leaders and their respective teachers. We conclude that self-reflection is critical to a Montessori leader’s success, empowering them to model and influence reflective practices, with direct impacts on teacher reflection and school improvement. This conclusion becomes relevant as we observe our Montessori school leaders assuming numerous and complicated administrative roles, from management and teacher evaluation to instructional supervision, mentoring, and coaching teachers.
The socio-cultural space of Berlin in V. Nabokov’s novel “The Gift”
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Mastepak T. G.
Published: December 2021

The paper analyzes techniques of contrasting the loci of “German” and “emigrant” Berlin (opposition “center–periphery”), ways of representing the images of native Germans and Russians, variants how immigrants “domesticate” socio-cultural space being alien to them (nominating loci “in Russian way”; consciousness transformation of foreign space into own one due to its cultural and linguistic content, etc.). Fedor sees the images of Germans as depersonalized but emigrants as individualized. Native Berliners are perceived as a less cultured nation, yet seamlessly integrated into the sociocultural landscape of their native city. Exiles from Russia occupy a “marginal” place in the geography of the city and the social hierarchy of the European capital while standing out in contrast in the space of Berlin (appearance, speech). Overcoming social minority is refusing integration and trying to preserve cultural identity (language, literature, art, social connections, and authority among Russian writers and scientists) in a foreign country. The “alien” socio-cultural space of Berlin has twofold semantics: first – mortality and non-genuineness and second – a creative cradle. It encourages Fedor to rethink his memories of childhood, family, and father and sets the vector for personal and creative development. Berlin embodies a “foreign,” “hostile,” “uncomfortable” space but helps to strengthen the values laid down in childhood and survive in exile, which is existentially meaningful. External restrictions contribute to the birth of internal freedom, allowing the hero to rise above social smallness, preserve his own dignity, determine the choice of authorities, and Express his own views in love and creativity.
Genesis, evolution and semantics of the color terms kük ‘blue’, zäŋgär ‘sky blue’, jäšel ‘green’ in the Bashkir language
Authors:   Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, Muratova R. T.
Published: December 2021

The paper aims at studying the genesis, evolution, and development of the color terms kük (blue), zäŋgär (sky blue), jäšel (green) in the Bashkir language. The semantics of the terms under study reveals the interesting shifts both in the dialects of the Bashkir language and Turkic languages in general. Bashkir language dictionaries and corpus data of Bashkir prose and folklore have served as sources of examples for identifying the meanings of words. In the literary Bashkir language, the lexeme kük is used to denote “blue,” zäŋgär – “sky blue,” jäšel – “green.” However, there are discrepancies in the meanings of these tokens in the dialects: kük can denote all three colors; zäŋgär – indicates in some dialects only “sky blue,” while in others – “blue”; jäšel means “green” in some dialects and “blue” in others. The lexemes of kük and jäšel go back to the Pre-Turkic words, the word zäŋgär – to Persian. The lexeme kük in the Bashkir language also has retained the pre-Turkic meaning of “grey, gray,” and at the same time, it has a connotative meaning “western” in this language, different from other Turkic languages. Most of the additional meanings of the word jäšel are connected with the fact that originally it was the name of the color of young fresh vegetation, greenery: fresh, young, covered with greenery, not ripe, unripe. Only the word zäŋgär is used to designate only a color – “sky blue” or “blue.”
The epic “Künnü körgen Kün Köök” in self-recording and audio recording
Authors:   Institute of Philology SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Arbachakova L. N.
Published: December 2021

The paper compares the variants of the Shor heroic epic “Künnü körgen Kün Köök” (“Kün Köök that saw the Sun”) recorded in 1999 with an interval of two months in the narrator’s self-recording (written in January 1999) and in audio recording (recorded in March 1999 by L. Arbachakova from V. E. Tannagashev (1932–2007). The version in the audio recording was performed by the Kai narrator accompanied by komus in the performer’s apartment in Myski city. V. E. Tannagashev learned this epic from his teacher P. N. Amzorov. The small period between the recordings resulted in insignificant discrepancies in the versions that were complementary and hardly influenced the qualitative content of the legend. The Kai narrator’s memory did not let him down, with the plots almost coinciding and different epic formulas used only in some fragments of typical places, or there were some permutations or omissions of lines. Sometimes the narrator uses synonymous words, or there are repetitions and reservations. However, there are practically no such flaws in the self-recordings. The typical points used by the kaichi, sometimes expanded and colorful, sometimes compressed, probably depended on his mood, as well as on different ways of fixing the epic (in the kaichi’s selfrecording and audio recordings). Live performance is influenced by the mood, health of the narrator, and other factors. Self-recordings made by hand are the most time-consuming since they require physical effort, perseverance, attention. It is perhaps for this reason that the recording turned out to be more shortened.
A Model of the State Regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Fishing Industry
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University (Vladivostok, Russian Federation), Matveeva Elena V.
Published: December 2021

The article proposes a model of “corporate social responsibility in accordance with the government’s mandate”, which provides for government bodies’ active regulation of the fishing industry’s involvement in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Organizational and managerial instruments for the model’s implementation are proposed; they take into account the multicomponent managerial, institutional and external mechanisms. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to increase the involvement of entrepreneurship in CSR in the context of the new challenges of our time. The aim of this work was to develop and substantiate the model of “corporate social responsibility in accordance with the government’s mandate” taking into account the role of the fishing industry in the system of the country’s national interests. The methods used in the work included content analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical analysis of quantitative and qualitative processing of data obtained as a result of an expert survey. The materials that formed the basis for this article were the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on the problem under study, analytical materials of monitoring of the effectiveness of fishing business structures’ activities, regulatory legal acts of the federal level, strategies for socioeconomic development, state programs for the development of the country and the Far Eastern Federal District. This work on ensuring the involvement of the Russian fisheries sector entrepreneurial structures in CSR is likely to contribute to the successful implementation of CSR practices in these structures’ business processes, which is an important task for the national economy. The proposed mechanism for implementing the CSR model in accordance with the government’s mandate has good conditions for effective implementation.
Development of a Methodology for Evaluating Cryptocurrencies as a Promising Means of Payment in the Digital Economy
Authors:   Samara State University of Economics (Samara, Russian Federation), Kuptsova Tatiana A. , Chaplygin Vladimir G. ,   WSB University in Gdańsk (Gdańsk, Poland)
Published: December 2021

The article presents the main results of a study of cryptocurrency as a financial instrument of the future from the standpoint of various methodological approaches aimed at identifying trends in its functioning within the framework of the theory and practice of monetary circulation. The fundamental hypothesis of the study is the prospect of introducing cryptocurrency as a legitimate means of payment to replace the classical forms of money in the context of the transformation of the world economy. This study and its results will contribute to solving a global scientific problem – the formation of a scientifically grounded theoretical and statistical base in the context of the specifics of cryptocurrency’s functioning and the possibility of its functioning as a legitimate means of payment in the modern economy. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to reassess the existing monetary system along with financial mechanisms and operating institutions in view of the emerging crisis of confidence in the current system of state regulation of the economy. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the development of modern economic theory from the standpoint of the functioning of cryptocurrency as a component of monetary circulation via approaches that study cryptocurrency as an alternative to outdated financial mechanisms. This work opens up an opportunity for further research in the field of cryptocurrency relations, its further improvement and implementation in the national financial system.
Integration of Science and Education in Universities of the Regions: Multichannel Funding and Different Organization Models
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation), Untura Galina A. ,   Novosibirsk State University (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation)
Published: December 2021

Integration of science, higher education, innovative entrepreneurship contributes to the solution of topical problems caused by global challenges. The article shows that universities integrate scientific, educational, innovative activities both within their structural units and in cooperation with other participants in regional innovative systems. The aim is to identify the trends in multichannel funding of universities in the regions, which creates the conditions for the integration of educational and research activities, and summarize the experience of universities that have created strategic academic units (SAUs) as one of the forms of integrating science and higher education. Based on the statistical analysis of financial receipts to universities from various sources in 2015 and 2019 (form VPO_2), the trends and structure of the funding distribution by type of educational and research activities in the regions of the Russian Federation were compared. It has been revealed that educational activities dominate in universities, accounting for about 70% of all income, and research activities 12–13%. Regional cases of the universities (ITMO, NNU, TSU, NSU, SFU) were analyzed. They integrated science and education in the form of SAUs. The cases were prepared on the basis of a content analysis of roadmaps for the period 2016–2020, interviews, and other open information. The analysis has showed that the organizational model of each SAU is created on the basis of the uniqueness and competitiveness of the university’s scientific and educational specialization by mechanisms that ensure the integration of the educational process and research activities through the involvement of students, graduate students in research and innovative projects. It is concluded that the flexibility and versatility of training programs and research at the university in the SAU format is formed in cooperation with many participants in regional innovation systems, which leads to the demand for its services by enterprises in the regions of the European part of the country and Siberia. The synergy of educational, research and innovation activities is achieved within the framework of both one university and through its network interaction with other Russian and international universities, scientific organizations, and enterprises. The experience of creating SAUs can be used by regional administrations, corporations in the development of world-class scientific and educational centers within the framework of the Science national project and national research and flagship universities of the strategic academic leadership program.
Employment and the Formation of Professional Competencies of “Workers of the Future”
Authors:   Siberian State Industrial University (Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation), Pyankova Lyudmila А.
Published: December 2021

In the context of the general transformation of the leading sectors of the economy, the general employment paradigm is also changing, namely, the approach to the formation of professional competencies for job seekers in the labor market. These trends are increasing with the acceleration of the digitalization of society, which also penetrates into the analyzed processes. The article provides an overview of the models of professional competencies and their development, as a result of which the author has developed her own approach to this issue. Namely, it has been determined that the ongoing transformations increase the importance not only in the existing competencies of applicants, but also in the personal and intellectual abilities they have. In the modern world, the advantage is given to people belonging to the category of “work for the future”. They are the ones who strive to achieve the highest possible results, while finding ways for continuous development, and are more adaptable to digital transformation, including in the labor market. Despite the fact that the goals and objectives of the evaluation system of applicants’ professional competencies will remain the same for they seem common in the analyzed area of management and meet strategic corporate goals of companies’ development. The new will be the information support, which includes artificial intelligence, which first forms the set of applicants’ professional competencies, and then evaluates them. Taking into account the ongoing transformations, the article proposes a new model for the formation of professional competencies. The harmonization of the competency model of each applicant will form a single ensemble that does not contain incompatible competencies (for example, high innovation and strict compliance with regulations). The innovation of the developed model lies in the systematic distribution of competencies among employees, their direct management, and companies’ management. It is by using the proposed model, university graduates and people with experience who decided to change the profession will be able to determine their direction, to evaluate the correctness of the choice of profession, to present themselves to potential employers not only as high professionals in their field, but also to reveal their psychological data, cognitive abilities that are focused on results. Singularity of the changes that occur proves the relevance of the model and determines the aim of the article, which is to develop a model for the formation of professional competencies in the employment market, taking into account the ongoing changes and the growth of society’s technological activity.
Pre-Retirees’ Human Capital Potential Usage for Reducing Unemployment and Employing University Students and Graduates: Theoretical Aspects
Authors:   Altai State University (Barnaul, Russian Federation), Malikova Valeriya V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the accumulation of intellectual human capital and highlights the characteristic age periods of its formation. A graphic model of the accumulation and interaction of intellectual human capital of pre-retirees and young people has been developed. On the basis of the analysis of migration processes in Altai Krai, the relevance of such interaction has been justified. A theoretical and comparative analysis of the employment status of higher and secondary specialized educational institution graduates has been carried out. There is an increase in the unemployment of young specialists with higher education and the discrepancy of performed work under the received specialty due to lack of experience. A variant of acquiring such experience is proposed by means of students’ study and work combining in senior courses in interaction with specialists of pre-retirement age, who possess intellectual human capital and remain in the labor market due to the increase in the retirement age. The author believes that the proposed interaction between students and pre-retirees should be implemented within the framework of the Demography and Labor Productivity and Employment Support national projects.
Analysis of the Labour Productivity Impact on Indicators of Economic Growth at the National, Sub-Federal, and Regional Levels
Authors:   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation), Samusenko Svetlana A.
Published: December 2021

Labour productivity has a predominant impact on economic growth and the rate of postcrisis economic recovery. The increase in labour productivity, in turn, depends on the employed population’s standard of living. A comparative longitude analysis of these indicators’ dynamics reveals the potential for the economic growth of the territory. The historically determined asymmetry in the economic development of Russian regions requires analysis carried out at the national, sub-federal (federal districts), and regional levels. In the study, the author evaluates the dynamics of the per capita gross regional product (GRP), labour productivity, and real wages in constant prices at purchasing power parity for Russia, the Siberian Federal District, and Krasnoyarsk Krai. The results of this analysis allow comparing economic growth and labour productivity growth in Russia and Russian regions with international trends. The author has found that labour productivity per working hour measured in constant prices in Russia, Siberia, and Krasnoyarsk Krai is several times lower than the corresponding indicators of countries leading in productivity and economic growth. The dynamics of per capita GRP and labour productivity, measured both in current and constant prices, is positive. The statistical relationship between labour productivity growth and cyclical processes in the national economy is noted; in the crisis and post-crisis periods, there is outstripping growth in labour productivity due to the mobilization of the workers’ labour potential. The economy of the Siberian Federal District has been characterized by a steady excess of the growth rate of labour productivity over the growth rate of per capita GRP, while in Krasnoyarsk Krai and Russia this trend has manifested since 2014 with the onset of the crisis. This process indicates a change in the mechanisms of economic growth: with the entry into the crisis phase, human labour, as well as its efficiency, becomes the only significant factor in maintaining the stability of national and regional economies. The obtained results also show the depressive impact of a long-term decline in real wages on labour productivity and economic growth during the economic crisis. The structural analysis demonstrates that labour productivity growth has a strong positive effect on economic growth, while the growth of the employment rate has a moderate positive effect. A decline in the share of the working-age population in the demographic structure has a pronounced negative impact on economic growth in the long-term period. The study results can be used in the development of national and regional policies related to stimulating economic growth.
On Diagnosing the Quality of Enterprise Employees’ Working Life in the Context of the Concept of Decent Work
Authors:   Biysk Institute of Technology (Branch) of Polzunov Altai State Technical University (Biysk, Russian Federation), Milyaeva Larisa G.
Published: December 2021

The most important socioeconomic category reflecting the satisfaction of employees of enterprises (organizations) with the conditions of employment is the quality of working life (QWL). Today, QWL is associated with the concept of decent work. Meanwhile, the analysis of the profile literature revealed the ambiguity of indicators (parameters) of decent quality of working life, on the one hand, and the same type of proposed procedures for diagnosing the QWL level using typical gradations, on the other. Thus, the differences in the known methods of assessing the QWL level are essentially limited by the diversification of indicators of decent work (respectively, decent quality of working life) and methods of interpreting primary information (questionnaire data, results of expert assessments, analyzed statistics or reports). The main point in the author’s position is the conceptualization of the decent quality of working life (DQWL): the concept has a specific purpose and, accordingly, requires the development of a special methodological tool for its diagnosis. In the article, the key points of the methodology for the DQWL study that are associated with the substantiation of the target functions and the list of criterion indicators, are substantiated; the principal differences between the functions of DQWL and QWL are emphasized; the author’s methods (development of the QWL Expert Assessment Map in the conditions of realization of the concept of decent work; determination of the relative importance of the DQWL functions; identification of the DQWL functional priority profile) are presented, their application is illustrated by examples, and the obtained results are analyzed. In the conclusion, the typical nature of the presented methodological tools for the DQWL diagnosis and management is emphasized; this nature justifies the legality of replicating the tools in specialized publications.