bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hydrolytically Stable Metal–Organic Framework for Simultaneous Desulfurization and Dehydration of Wet Flue Gas
Authors: Pang Jing‐Jing , Yao Zhao‐Quan , Huang Hong‐Liang , Li Lin , Li Quan‐Wen , Lu Nan , Song Zi‐Han , Xu Jian , Bu Xian‐He
Published: December 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great prospects as adsorbents for industrial gas purification, but often suffer from issues of water stability and competitive water adsorption. Herein, we present a hydrolytically stable MOF that could selectively capture and recover trace SO2 from flue gas, and exhibits remarkable recyclability in the breakthrough experiments under wet flue‐gas conditions, due to its excellent resistance to the corrosion of SO2 and the water‐derived capillary forces. More strikingly, its SO2 capture efficiency is barely influenced by the increasing humidity, even if the pore filling with water is reached. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the delicate pore structure with diverse pore dimensions and chemistry leads to different adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics as well as segregated adsorption domains of SO2 and H2O. Significantly, this non‐competitive adsorption mechanism enables simultaneous desulfurization and dehydration by a single adsorbent, opening an avenue toward cost‐effective and simplified processing flowcharts for flue gas purification.
Engineering d‐p Orbital Hybridization in a Single‐Atom‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Shen Jiadong , Chen Junjie , Xu Xiaosa , Li Jin , Wang Zhenyu , Wang Yu , Lin Pengzhu , Sun Jing , Huang Baoling , Zhao Tianshou
Published: December 2024

Regulating lithium salt dissociation kinetics by enhancing the interaction between inorganic fillers and lithium salts is vital for enhancing the ionic conductivity in solid‐state composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). However, the influence of fillers’ external electronic environments on lithium salt dissociation dynamics remains unclear. Here, we design single‐atom sites in metal–organic framework fillers for poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based CPEs, boosting lithium salt dissociation through an electrocatalytic strategy. This strategy enhances lithium‐ion conductivity by tuning the coupling strength between the d and p orbitals of the fillers, as captured by a newly identified descriptor (λ) via high‐throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations and machine learning. The optimal single atom (Ti) sites are incorporated into a ZIF‐8 matrix for PEO‐based CPEs, achieving an ionic conductivity exceeding 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C. Additionally, the electrolyte forms a robust solid electrolyte interphase and is compatible with LiCoO2, LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2, and sulfur cathodes. Consequently, the solid‐state lithium metal battery with the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability, maintaining performance over 5000 cycles at 10 C with LiFePO4 cathodes and stable operation at −30 °C. These findings highlight the transformative potential of engineering d‐p orbital hybridization by incorporating single‐atom sites into inorganic fillers for designing highly ion‐conductive CPEs.
Photoredox Activation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Distonic Radical Cation Reactivity in [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Mondal Subhashis , Debnath Saradindu , Lo Rabindranath , Maity Soumitra
Published: December 2024

Altering the reactivity model of a molecule can potentially eliminate limitations existing in its current paradigm. When it comes to the activation of Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes (DACs), Lewis acids have been the state‐of‐the‐art. Although a variety of polarized 2π components have been successfully coupled with DACs for [3+2] cycloaddition, unpolarized alkenes prove to be a roadblock due to an inherent polarity mismatch with the Lewis acid‐mediated 1,3‐zwitterionic intermediate. Hereby, harnessing the distonic radical cation mode of cleavage by photoredox catalysis overcomes this mismatched reactivity of the zwitterionic intermediate, providing a unique route to highly substituted cyclopentanes and cyclopentenes. Expansion of this strategy to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes enables access to bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHs) through a facile [3σ+2σ] cycloaddition. Detailed mechanistic insights are also provided using dispersion‐corrected density functional theory.
Tailored Silica‐Based Sensors (SBA‐Pr‐Ald‐MA) for Efficient Detection of Iron (III) Ions: A Comprehensive Theoretical and Experimental Viewpoint
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Ebrahimi Dorsa , Feizi‐Dehnayebi Mehran , Badiei Alireza , Abu‐Dief Ahmed M.
Published: December 2024

The synthesis and characterization of SBA‐Pr‐Ald‐MA as a modified mesoporous silica material made from SBA‐15 are presented in this work. Meldrum's acid (MA), 2‐chloroquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde, and 3‐(chloropropyl)‐trimethoxysilane were used to functionalize the SBA‐15. The detection limit of 7.80 × 10−8 M for SBA‐Pr‐Ald‐MA demonstrated its exceptional selectivity toward Fe3+ ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted using B3LYP/6‐311g(d,p)/LANL2DZ to investigate the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), geometry optimization, molecular orbital analysis, quantum chemical descriptors, and photoinduced electron transfer (PET). Geometry optimization and the MEP diagram verified the mechanism of the interaction obtained from experimental results. PET analysis indicated that the electrons transition to the LUMO of the Pr‐Ald‐MA + Fe3+ complex, leading to maximum fluorescence quenching efficiency. Future research could explore the sensor's application in real‐world environmental monitoring systems and extend its application to detect other hazardous metal ions.
Investigation of the Products and the Migration of Sodium and Chlorine During Pyrolysis of High‐Sodium Coal Mixed With Phosphorite
Authors: Tian Zhihua , Wang Qinhui
Published: December 2024

The impact of adding phosphorite during the pyrolysis of high‐sodium Shaerhu coal to address severe deposition and corrosion issues caused by the release of volatile sodium and chlorine compounds was explored. During pyrolysis, sodium compounds volatilize and condense on cooler surfaces, leading to deposits that corrode metal and reduce boiler efficiency. By copyrolyzing phosphorite with coal, the study finds that tar yield decreases, whereas char yield increases, with slightly improved char reactivity. The pyrolysis gas yield also increases, with higher concentrations of methane and hydrogen, enhancing energy utilization. Calcium compounds in phosphorite react with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, forming high‐melting‐point, insoluble sodium compounds and water‐soluble chlorides, thereby reducing the release of sodium and chlorine. This reduces fouling and corrosion, improving equipment efficiency. Additionally, recycling copyrolyzed phosphorite for yellow phosphorus production can enhance conversion ratios, supporting the production of higher‐value phosphorus chemicals.
Shape Memory Behavior of Polyacrylamide/Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite Aerogel
Authors: Yousefpour Navid Zahra , Alamdarnejad Ghazaleh , Kokabi Mehrdad
Published: December 2024

The development of lightweight, stimuli‐responsive materials remains a significant challenge in materials science. Shape memory aerogels represent a promising category of smart materials, yet their widespread application has been limited by performance constraints. This study explores the synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels enhanced with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and transformed into aerogels through freeze‐drying. The obtained aerogels were characterized using mercury intrusion porosimetry, weighing method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that the aerogels possessed high porosity (over 80%), low density (0.098 g cm−3), high specific surface area (152 m2 g−1), and an average pore diameter of 1280 nm. Electrical conductivity analysis demonstrated an electrical percolation threshold at 2.5 wt.% of MWCNTs. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis indicated a 400% increase in the Young's modulus in the presence of nanoparticles. The mentioned aerogel exhibited shape memory behavior under direct thermal stimulation, and the results also showed that the shape recovery ratio and shape recovery speed of the nanocomposite aerogel were 14% and 74% higher than those of the PAAm aerogel, respectively. The enhancements in mechanical and shape memory properties, combined with inherent lightweight nature, suggest promising applications across various technical fields, from aerospace to biomedical engineering.
Supporting minority cultures during initial engagements with body donors in the dissecting room: A pilot study exploring perspectives of Pasifika medical students around culture and cultural safety
Authors: Madgwick Jacob , Anderson Lynley , Cornwall Jon
Published: December 2024

The first experience of medical students in the dissecting room (DR) is a challenging event. Few data exist around whether or how culturally appropriate support is required in the DR for students from ethnic minorities. This pilot study explored Pasifika (peoples with heritage from the Pacific Islands) students' first experience of the DR and exposure to body donors to explore cultural perspectives around this event. Participants were second year Pasifika medical students with no prior engagement with body donors. Following a first exposure to body donors, semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted. Questioning explored how Pasifika students experienced initial DR engagement in regard to Pasifika culture and cultural safety. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically. Eight Pasifika students were interviewed (ages 18–32 years, mean 21.3 years, five females); mean interview duration 24.5 min. Four themes were identified: cultural observations, student behaviors, cultural safety, and cultural comfort. Dominant messages included the cultural challenges presented by this event, conformity of cultural behavior, identification of cultural safety being appropriate, and illumination of potential cultural support strategies. Current mechanisms supporting cultural safety were identified as adequate, which juxtaposed against behavior where students could not act in a culturally authentic manner. Suggestions were made around improving cultural comfort, such as the presence of elders or Christian‐focused elements such as prayer. Enhanced cultural support could increase cultural comfort for the initial DR and body donor experience of Pasifika students, which may facilitate increased cultural knowledge and promote cultural diversity within the medical student cohort.
Non‐Covalent Self‐Assembly Behaviors Based on Racemic Binaphthol Scaffolds
Authors: Feng Zhimin , Sun Tingting , Luo Xu , Luo Yi , Tan Jiao , Ni Xin‐Long
Published: December 2024

Understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in the construction and organization of multi‐scale structures is crucial for the design and manufacture of complex functional systems with long‐range molecular arrangements. In this paper, a series of compounds have been synthesized using racemic binaphthols as the skeleton and a Suzuki coupling reaction for derivatization at the 6,6′ positions, which resulted in various structures bearing different functional groups. Control over the self‐assembly of these racemic binaphthol derivatives was successfully achieved by adjusting the types and positions of the substituents in the parent binaphthol compound, which revealed the key factors influencing the types of the non‐covalent interactions and the self‐assembly process. For example, the single‐crystal structures of the resulting compounds indicated that assembly structures such as single helix and double helix based on non‐traditional hydrogen bond motifs could be obtained, and fascinating non‐covalent self‐assembly structures such as molecular ladders and catenane discovered.
Distributed generalized Nash equilibrium seeking strategy design for multi‐cluster games of high‐order players
Authors: Liu Cong , Liu Yangyang , Wang Jing , Hu Yang , Liu Yongmin , Deng Zhenhua
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a multi‐cluster game (MCG) of autonomous players is explored. Different from the existing MCGs, the high‐order dynamics of players is taken into account in our problem. Owing to the high‐order dynamics of players, existing strategies for MCGs are unable to tackle our problem. For purpose of seeking the variational generalized Nash equilibrium (vGNE) of the game, a distributed strategy is designed on the basis of gradient descent and state feedback, in which a distributed estimator is embedded for the players to estimate the decisions of other players. Furthermore, the asymptotical convergence of the strategy is analyzed via Lyapunov stability theory and variational analysis. Finally, the effectiveness of our method is verified through a numerical simulation.
Highly Stable Cyclic Performance of Benzoquinone‐Based Organic Cathode in Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Sajid Muhammad , Ur Rahman Sami , Tao Fang‐Yu , Xie Dan , Ur Rehman Muhammad Saif , Salah Abdulwahab , Zhang Jing‐Ping
Published: December 2024

An organic polymer, poly‐(2,3‐dithio‐1,4‐Benzoquinone) (PDBQ) was synthesized through condensation polymerization and characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, FT‐IR, BET, TGA, NMR and XPS. FT‐IR results displayed the carbonyl and thio functionality of the material, elemental composition, and chemical states were confirmed by XPS and EDS. The material exhibited a sheet‐like interconnected morphology and good thermal stability. The fabricated cathode delivered a high specific capacity of 157.39 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mAg−1 with high reversibility in full‐cell aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). The congenital soft structure enhances the reversibility, Zn+2 insertion‐desertion, and stability of the electrode material in coin‐cell batteries. Owing to these characteristics the battery delivered higher stability with capacity retention of 97.65 % after 1500 cycles and remained at 73.2 % after 20,000 cycles at a high current density of 2.0 Ag−1 with almost 100 % columbic efficiency. The energy storage behavior of the fabricated cathode was further studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as the charge storage mechanism through ex‐situ FT‐IR, EDS, and XPS. These results are promising to achieve the objective of stable organic material as a cathode for AZIBs.
Does the transfer of knowledge from the pioneer generation to the second‐generation speed‐up the learning curve of robot‐assisted partial nephrectomies? TRANSFER trial (UroCCR n°83)
Authors: Vignot Louis , Khene Zine‐Eddine , Mellouki Adil , Morrone Arnoult , Bernhard Jean‐Christophe , Bensalah Karim , Chevallier Daniel , Doumerc Nicolas , Roupret Morgan , Nouhaud Francois‐Xavier , Lebacle Cédric , Long Jean‐Alexandre , Pillot Pierre , Tillou Xavier , Tibi Brannwel , Durand Matthieu , Ahallal Younes , Bentellis Imad
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The objective is to compare the learning curves between two pioneer and three second‐generation surgeons for RAPN in terms of WIT, CD and positive surgical margins.

Materials and methods

The charts of consecutive RAPNs of three centres were reviewed from the UroCCR prospective database. The experience was assessed by a regression model for each group. There was a univariate analysis on three consecutive sequences of 15 procedures. The learning speed for WIT was explored graphically by polynomial regression after cubic splines. Finally, CUSUM charts were obtained.

Results

There were 1203 RAPN in the pioneer group and 119 performed by second‐generation surgeons. There was a significant difference in the distribution of tumour size (p < 0.001) and the RENAL score (p < 0.001). The operative time was longer in the first group (p > 0.001). Independent factors for a higher WIT were the second group (p < 0.001), higher experience (p < 0.001) the collinearity between the group and experience (p < 0.001), the RENAL score (p < 0.001) and blood loss (p < 0.001). Adjusted Loess regressions showed a plateau of WIT at 400 procedures for the pioneers and a significant decrease at 20 procedures for the second generation. CUSUM chart analysis showed a ‘staircase’ pattern of the learning process, with three major steps at 150, 200 and 300 procedures. The major limitation is the difference in sample size between the two arms.

Conclusions

Learning curve patterns would reflect a transfer of knowledge to the second‐generation, as opposed to the establishment of standards by the pioneers.
Facile Approach to Develop Peptide‐Stabilized CdS/CdSe Quantum Dots for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Suryakanta Uday , Panigrahi Bijayananda , Mishra Sourav , Das Swatilekha , Bhatta Sushil Ranjan , Ghosh Sunil K. , Mandal Dindyal
Published: December 2024

This study presents a mild, one‐pot synthetic approach for the synthesis of multicolor, water soluble, photo luminescent CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs). To achieve this goal, cyclic peptides containing cysteine residues are rationally designed and synthesized. Among the peptides tested, those containing two cysteine residues exhibit superior stabilizing properties, ensuring the solubility and long‐term stability of the QDs in aqueous solutions for several months. The newly synthesized QDs exhibit unique excitation‐dependent multicolor photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 20.55% and 45.50% for CdS and CdSe, respectively, providing versatility for imaging applications. Cellular uptake studies using HCT 116 cells reveal effective internalization of the QDs into both the cytoplasm and nucleus, highlighting their potential applications in bioimaging and drug delivery. This green synthesis approach underscores the crucial role of peptide chemistry in nanoparticle stabilization, paving the way for the development of functional nanomaterials tailored for specific uses in bioimaging and nanomedicine.
Oleaginous Yeast Biology Elucidated With Comparative Transcriptomics
Authors: Weintraub Sarah J. , Li Zekun , Nakagawa Carter L. , Collins Joseph H. , Young Eric M.
Published: December 2024

Extremophilic yeasts have favorable metabolic and tolerance traits for biomanufacturing‐ like lipid biosynthesis, flavinogenesis, and halotolerance – yet the connection between these favorable phenotypes and strain genotype is not well understood. To this end, this study compares the phenotypes and gene expression patterns of biotechnologically relevant yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Debaryomyces subglobosus grown under nitrogen starvation, iron starvation, and salt stress. To analyze the large data set across species and conditions, two approaches were used: a “network‐first” approach where a generalized metabolic network serves as a scaffold for mapping genes and a “cluster‐first” approach where unsupervised machine learning co‐expression analysis clusters genes. Both approaches provide insight into strain behavior. The network‐first approach corroborates that Yarrowia upregulates lipid biosynthesis during nitrogen starvation and provides new evidence that riboflavin overproduction in Debaryomyces yeasts is overflow metabolism that is routed to flavin cofactor production under salt stress. The cluster‐first approach does not rely on annotation; therefore, the coexpression analysis can identify known and novel genes involved in stress responses, mainly transcription factors and transporters. Therefore, this work links the genotype to the phenotype of biotechnologically relevant yeasts and demonstrates the utility of complementary computational approaches to gain insight from transcriptomics data across species and conditions.
Citizen scientist and researcher produced similar environmental niche to larger and nonendangered Felidae species
Authors: Alice da Silva Marianna , Nabout João Carlos
Published: December 2024

Knowledge of species' geographic distribution and climatic tolerances is essential in conservation biology research. In this context, data provided by both researchers and citizen scientists are crucial for biodiversity conservation plans. However, the similarity between data collected by citizen scientists and researchers may be influenced by species traits. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the environmental niche similarity of felid species detected by professional scientists and citizen scientists, and to investigate whether this similarity could be explained by habitat type, body size, or species threat level. We found that larger and nonendangered species exhibited environmental niches identified by citizen scientists that were similar to those recorded by researchers. Larger and nonendangered species are more accessible to both researchers and citizen scientists; therefore, structured citizen science projects could focus research efforts on smaller and more geographically restricted species. However, special attention must be given to endangered species, as unstructured or poorly planned structured projects may negatively affect local populations, potentially leading to population decline.
Environmental Indicators for Assessment of Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in the Water and Wastewater Sector
Authors: Smol Marzena , Mejia Alfonso , Gastaldi Massimo , D'Adamo Idiano
Published: December 2024

Water and wastewater sector actively participates in circular economy (CE) transition; however, there is no official CE monitoring framework to measure the level of progress toward the CE model in this sector. The paper presents a set of environmental indicators that could support water and wastewater treatment companies in the assessment of CE implementation. CE indicators were grouped into six areas of CE implementation in this sector: reduction—prevention of wastewater generation; reclamation (removal)—contamination removal from water and wastewater; reuse—water reuse for nonpotable usage; recycling—water reuse for potable usage; recovery—recovery of raw materials and energy from water‐based waste; and rethink—rethinking use of raw materials. The following indicators were proposed in specific CE areas: reduction—tap water consumption reduction, wastewater generation reduction, waste reduction, sewage sludge generation reduction, and water footprint; reclamation—pollutants removal from water and pollutants removal from wastewater; reuse—water reuse from wastewater for nonpotable usage and recycling of technical water for nonpotable usage; recycling—water reuse from wastewater for potable usage; recovery—raw materials recovery, bio‐based fertilizers, energy recovery, processing of sewage sludge, composting of sewage sludge, biogas production, and processing of ashes; and rethink—CE technologies, life cycle assessment reports, CE products, and CE business models, industrial symbiosis, and carbon footprint. The proposed CE indicators can be used not only to assess the level of transformation toward CE but also to support further policies on strategic CE initiatives in organizations operating in the water and wastewater sector. Moreover, they could support the strategic planning of further CE initiatives in organizations. The proposed list of CE indicators is not closed because in the coming years, more and more CE solutions are expected to be developed and implemented in water and wastewater treatment plant companies, involving also economic and social aspects, in order to support the sustainable development.
Executive Green Cognition on Corporate Greenwashing Behavior: Evidence From A‐Share Listed Companies in China
Authors: Hao Xiaoli , Miao Erxiang , Wen Shufang , Wu Haitao , Xue Yan
Published: December 2024

Greenwashing has become a strategy for companies to comply with environmental regulations, while also projecting an eco‐friendly image. This study examined how executives' green cognition affected the corporate greenwashing using both fixed effect and moderated mediation models. The findings indicated that the executives' green cognition significantly reduced the greenwashing behavior, whereas its effectiveness decreased with the increasing financial constraints. Additionally, the executives' green cognition helped mitigate the greenwashing by promoting innovation in green management, while this effect was limited by financial constraints. Furthermore, in highly competitive industries and with substantial ownership stakes among senior executives, the impact of green cognition on greenwashing was constrained. However, when the roles of the chairman and general manager were separate, senior executives' green cognition effectively avoided the greenwashing. Moreover, after the COVID‐19 pandemic, the inhibitory effect of executives' green cognition on greenwashing became more pronounced. This study could offer valuable insights into reducing corporate greenwashing and enhancing environmental credibility.
Elucidation of Dysregulated Pathways Associated With Hypoxia in Oestrogen Receptor‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shamis Suad A. K. , Quinn Jean , Al‐Badran Sara , McKenzie Molly , Hatthakarnkul Phimmada , Lynch Gerard , Lian Guang‐Yu , Numprasit Warapan , Romics Laszlo , Andersen Ditte , Mallon Elizabeth , McMillan Donald C. , Edwards Joanne
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a well‐established prognostic marker in breast cancer (BC). Nevertheless, this prognostic value is yet to be confirmed in BC subtypes. This study aims to investigate the prognostic effects of CAIX in oestrogen receptor (ER)‐negative (ER−) BCs and to establish pathways related to cytoplasmic CAIX expression in ER− and lymph node‐negative BCs.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the prognostic role of CAIX protein expression in ER− tissue microarrays (TMAs) (n = 191). CAIX‐positive samples (n = 37) were transcriptionally profiled by TempO‐Seq and analysed by STRING. Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) analysis was used to validate differentially expressed genes.

Results

Overexpression of cytoplasmic CAIX was an independent predictor of recurrence free survival, disease‐free survival and overall survival in ER− cohort. RNA transcriptomic analysis identified 10 significant genes in ER− cohort and 3 genes in the node‐negative group. The STRING database demonstrated a significant interaction between MUCL1 and GALNT6, which were linked with extracellular matrix organisation, degradation of the extracellular matrix and disease of glycosylation pathways. In the node‐negative group, SPNS2 is mainly involved in the sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis pathway. A significant correlation between cytoplasmic SphK1 and cytoplasmic hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α was observed. Among the 10 genes, 7 genes (SERHL2, GALNT6, MUCL1, MMP7, PITX2, CEACAM6 and SPNS2) were selected, and their expression was quantitatively assessed by RT‐qPCR. The PCR data of these genes showed that SERHL2, GALNT6, MUCL1, PITX2, and SPNS2 mRNA levels were expressed in MDA‐MB‐231 BC cell lines at variable levels of hypoxic exposure.

Conclusion

Cytoplasmic CAIX was independently associated with poor prognosis in ER− BC. Gene expression profiles shed light on the pathways and genes associated with hypoxia in ER− BC. In node‐negative patients, SPNS2 was of particular interest.
The Efficacy and Safety of Albumin‐Bound Paclitaxel Combined With Anlotinib and PD‐1/L1 Inhibitors For Treating Patients With Extensive‐Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastasis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Xiaobing , Wu De , Peng Yi , Tang Jing , Wu Yuebing
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) suffering from brain metastases (BM) has a poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment selection. In this study, we explored the efficacy and safety of combination treatment of albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐ptx), anlotinib, and PD‐1/L1 inhibitors for such special population.

Methods

A total of 55 patients diagnosed with ES‐SCLC and BM were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients received a combination therapy consisting of nab‐ptx, anlotinib, and PD‐1/L1 inhibitors. The primary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events (AEs).

Results

The results demonstrated promising efficacy of the combination therapy for such patients, with an ORR of 36.36%, median PFS and OS of 5.0 and 10.0 m, correspondingly. Subgroup analyses indicated that treatment efficacy closely correlated with patients' Ds‐GPA (Diagnosis‐specified Graded Prognosis Assessment) scores. Mechanistic studies revealed that this regimen likely operates by reducing immune suppression to activate immune function, thereby exerting synergistic anti‐tumor effects. The common AEs include decreased appetite, nausea, leukopenia, hypertension, proteinuria, hand‐foot syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, rash, and thyroid toxicity, most of which are generally mild and can be alleviated with symptomatic treatment.

Conclusion

The combination of nab‐ptx, anlotinib, and PD‐1/L1 inhibitors exhibited substantial efficacy and acceptable safety in the treatment of BM from ES‐SCLC. This novel therapeutic approach holds promise for improving the outcomes for patients with this challenging disease. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and investigate the long‐term benefits of this combination regimen.
Prognosis Prediction of Cardiovascular Event With Glucose‐Albumin Ratio on Patients With Cancer and Prescribed With Anthracycline
Authors: Cheang Iokfai , Li Ying , Zhu Xu , Chen Ziqi , Ren Qing‐Wen , Wu Mei‐Zhen , Xu Xin , Tse Hung‐Fat , Yiu Kai‐Hang , Li Xinli
Published: December 2024

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of the glucose‐albumin ratio (GAR) in predicting the prognosis of cancer patients prescribed anthracycline‐based chemotherapy.

Methods

We included cancer patients who underwent anthracycline‐based chemotherapy, drawn from the population‐based cohort Clinical Data Analysis Reporting System of Hong Kong between January 2000 and December 2019. Demographics, medical history, baseline laboratory, and metabolic indicators, including GAR, were collected. We employed random survival forests (RSF) with the variable importance (VIMP) method to rank the importance of these variables. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association between GAR levels and event risks.

Results

A total of 18,700 patients were included in the analysis. The top 2 factors for predicting overall cardiovascular event risk were GAR and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Our results revealed that a higher GAR was significantly associated with poorer cardiovascular prognosis in patients with cancer prescribed with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. Compared to the lowest quartile, higher GAR levels were significantly associated with increased risk of all‐cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization of heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality regardless of the adjustments (all p trend < 0.001).

Conclusion

GAR is a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients undergoing anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. Monitoring GAR levels before and during treatment may help identify patients at higher risk of adverse outcomes, facilitating personalized treatment strategies and improving clinical management.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Cancer‐Related Fatigue Among Children and Adolescents Undergoing Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Huang Beili , Rabbani Rasheda , Askin Nicole , Okoli George , Jain Richa , Sung Lillian , Jeyaraman Maya M. , Mahar Alyson , Woodgate Roberta , Zarychanski Ryan
Published: December 2024

Background

The literature on fatigue in children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment is highly variable, creating uncertainties about its prevalence and identifying those at higher risk.

Objectives

The primary purpose was to describe the prevalence of fatigue among patients (< 21 years) undergoing cancer treatment across cancer types. Secondary outcomes included the prevalence of severe fatigue and factors associated with fatigue.

Methods

Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were conducted from inception to May 22, 2023. Two reviewers independently identified relevant citations and extracted data. Pooled prevalence estimates were derived using an inverse variance, random‐effects model. We used Joanna Briggs's critical appraisal checklist to assess study quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42020179307).

Results

We included 47 studies: 26 for prevalence and 29 for factors associated with fatigue. The pooled prevalence of fatigue was 73% (95% [Confidence Interval, CI: 66%–79%; I2 96%; 26 studies; 2699 patients], and severe fatigue was 30% [95% CI 14%–46%, I2 98%; 8 studies; 1027 patients]). Subgroup analyses based on cancer type, study design, fatigue scale, fatigue reporting personnel, sample frame, and response rate did not reveal significant differences in fatigue prevalence. Fatigue prevalence significantly differed by treatment setting (inpatient [83%] vs. outpatient [55%] vs. inpatient and outpatient [69%]; p: 0.02). Due to considerable heterogeneity among studies, data on fatigue‐associated factors are presented descriptively.

Conclusions

The prevalence of fatigue among children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment is variable but notably high. Systematic evaluation of factors associated with fatigue is essential to understanding which children are at high risk of developing fatigue.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO: CRD42020179307
Take key steps to protect against breach‐of‐contract claims
Authors: O’Brien Timothy
Published: December 2024

For years, breach‐of‐contract claims by student‐athletes against colleges and universities have been vigorously defended. Although claims in the past were often rejected by the courts based on a variety of legal theories, the tide appears to have turned in the last several years. Now more than ever, courts are recognizing the legal rights and corresponding entitlements that belong to student‐athletes. The House, Fontenot, and Johnson cases, and others like them, are paving a new path in this regard while simultaneously focusing national attention on topics ranging from name, image, and likeness rights and payments to the potential employment status of student‐athletes.
Prevent, address cyberbullying of student‐athletes
Authors: Romano Robert J.
Published: December 2024

Cyberbullying on social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, can involve sending abusive messages to someone directly, tagging an individual in a derogatory social media post, posting embarrassing photos, or sharing videos that include disparaging comments about the individual. No matter the platform or format, research has shown that cyberbullying can cause extreme harm to the targeted individual.
The Metaverse: A Liquid Consumer Utopia A Journey Into Gen Z's Usage Intention Behavior Using the TRAM Model
Authors: Bassiouni Dina H. , Meshreki Hakim
Published: December 2024

A utopian analytical lens is adopted in this research to explore metaverse usage intentions through an adaptation of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology Readiness Index (TRI), within the TRAM framework. While most metaverse research has been qualitative and exploratory, this study employs a quantitative approach to unravel the terrain between the affective and cognitive scaffoldings influencing metaverse adoption within a developing country among one segment of its early adopters: Gen Z. By focusing on a region often overlooked in scholarly discourse, the research aims to broaden the applicability and relevance of the TRAM model. Findings reveal that for the metaverse to achieve widespread acceptance, it must offer an immersive and enjoyable experience. Optimism and perceived enjoyment emerge as crucial predictors of usage intention, while skepticism significantly diminishes enjoyment, presenting a barrier to adoption. This study underscores the critical interplay between TAM and TRI in understanding the metaverse acceptance, offering insights into the cognitive (utility) and affective (individual traits) dynamics that will shape the trajectory of this era's transformative technology.
Novel Colors in Packaging: Boosting Consumers Learning Through Greater Expectation Violation
Authors: Lin Xin , Ji Shuhan , Liu Mengying , Huang Jianping
Published: December 2024

Companies often change product packaging colors to drive innovation and boost sales. However, these changes may violate expectations, resulting in inconsistent associations between new colors and original labels. It remains unclear whether consumers can learn these new associations. This study delved into the effect of expectation violation on consumer learning of color–label (flavor/brand) associations by varying the degree of violation between colors (adjacent and complementary) and labels. To assess associative strength, we compared learning effects under strong (color–flavor) and weak (color–brand) associations. Experiment 1 demonstrated higher accuracy in the visual search for packaging with complementary colors after learning. It was supported in Experiment 2. Between experiments, weaker associations showed greater improvement in response times (RTs). Our results suggest greater expectation violation in packaging color enhances associate learning. However, entrenched strong associations may impede the formation of new ones. These findings advance expectation violation theories and guide companies in using packaging color changes to innovate. Taking complements violating expectations can facilitate consumer learning.
Antioxidative Potential of 3‐Methoxyluteolin: Density Functional Theory (DFT), Molecular Docking, and Dynamics—A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Trang Vu Minh , Ha Nguyen Xuan , Son Ninh The
Published: December 2024

The current study first describes the antioxidative potential of 3‐methoxyluteolin. The experimental result is supported by computational approaches. The studied flavone (IC50 12.40 µg/mL) was comparable to ascorbic acid in antioxidative activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (IC50 11.38 µg/mL). From DFT (density functional theory) calculations, its principal radical mechanism in gas and lipid was the FHT (formal hydrogen transfer), whereas the SPL‐ET (sequential proton loss‐electron transfer) was the main way in water. Hydroxyl groups were crucial radical scavenging sites, especially at carbon C‐4′. Kinetic evidence indicated that the reactions between the studied compound with HOO˙ radicals resulted in the koverall (overall rate constant) of 2.5 × 109 and 1.07 × 103 (M s)−1 in water and pentyl ethanoate, respectively. The studied molecule also chelated to Zn metal ion to form Zn(3‐methoxyluteolin)2 complex with the lowest binding energy value of −322.911 kcal/mol. Considering the neurodegenerative inhibitory potentials of the studied compound, molecular docking results revealed that 3‐methoxyluteolin interacted with the active sites of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with the binding affinities of −9.493 and −8.812 kcal/mol, respectively, which are stronger than the reference compound tacrine. To assess the structural stability and binding interactions with each studied protein, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted. The results indicated that the 3‐methoxyluteolin complexes with AChE and BChE remained stable during a simulation period.
Management of Chronic Total Occlusion With Heavily Calcified Distal Cap: Three‐Dimensional Vascular Wall Assessment Enables Move‐the‐Cap Technique via Retrograde Approach
Authors: Matsumura Hidenari , Shimoji Kenichiro , Iwahori Hiroya , Yoshijima Nobuhiro
Published: December 2024

The complexity of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) involving calcification is high, and completing the procedure with an antegrade approach is often challenging. However, calcification is also a significant obstacle in the retrograde approach, where it has been reported as a predictor of CTO PCI failure even after successful channel crossing. Overcoming calcification in the retrograde approach is, therefore, crucial. CTOs with heavily calcified distal caps often hinder the advancement of retrograde wires, leading to procedure failure. This report discusses two cases where we successfully employed the retrograde move‐the‐cap technique to perform reverse‐controlled antegrade and retrograde tracking and dissection in the presence of heavily calcified distal caps, enabled by precise three‐dimensional assessment of the vascular wall from multiple angles based on appropriate landmarks.
Application of Drug‐Coated Balloons in Complex High Risk and Indicated Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Somsen Yvemarie B. O. , Rissanen Tuomas T. , Hoek Roel , Ris Tijmen H. , Stuijfzand Wynand J. , Nap Alexander , Kleijn Sebastiaan A. , Henriques José P. , de Winter Ruben W. , Knaapen Paul
Published: December 2024

There is a growing trend of patients with significant comorbidities among those referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Consequently, the number of patients undergoing complex high risk indicated PCI (CHIP) is rising. CHIP patients frequently present with factors predisposing to extensive drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation, such as bifurcation and/or heavily calcified coronary lesions, which exposes them to the risks associated with an increased stent burden. The drug‐coated balloon (DCB) may overcome some of the limitations of DES, either through a hybrid strategy (DCB and DES combined) or as a leave‐nothing‐behind strategy (DCB‐only). As such, there is a growing interest in extending the application of DCB to the CHIP population. The present review provides an outline of the available evidence on DCB use in CHIP patients, which comprise the elderly, comorbid, and patients with complex coronary anatomy. Although the majority of available data are observational, most studies support a lower threshold for the use of DCBs, particularly when multiple CHIP factors coexist within a single patient. In patients with comorbidities which predispose to bleeding events (such as increasing age, diabetes mellitus, and hemodialysis) DCBs may encourage shorter dual antiplatelet therapy duration—although randomized trials are currently lacking. Further, DCBs may simplify PCI in bifurcation lesions and chronic total coronary occlusions by reducing total stent length, and allow for late lumen enlargement when used in a hybrid fashion. In conclusion, DCBs pose a viable therapeutic option in CHIP patients, either as a complement to DES or as stand‐alone therapy in selected cases.
Prevalence of Arrhythmias in Patients With Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Chitturi Kalyan R. , Kumar Sant , Hill Andrew P. , Lorente‐Ros Marta , Cellamare Matteo , Merdler Ilan , Abusnina Waiel , Haberman Dan , Lupu Lior , Chaturvedi Abhishek , Ozturk Sevket Tolga , Cermak Vijoli , Sawant Vaishnavi , Zhang Cheng , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Tsimploulis Apostolos , Waksman Ron , Hashim Hayder D. , Case Brian C.
Published: December 2024

Background

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an important cause of angina with nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). It is unclear whether CMD is associated with arrhythmia.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with ANOCA and CMD compared to those in patients with ANOCA without CMD.

Methods

In this observational study of the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry (NCT05960474), patients with ANOCA who underwent invasive coronary functional assessment for CMD were included. The diagnosis of arrhythmia was based on 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG), or clinical diagnosis accompanied by ECG evidence within 1 year before CMD evaluation.

Results

The study included 262 patients; 66 (25.2%) were CMD‐positive. Patients with CMD were older, and there was no difference in history of heart failure and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those without CMD. Premature atrial contractions (PACs) (25.8% vs. 5.6%; p < 0.001), supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (24.2% vs. 6.6%; p < 0.001), premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) (43.9% vs. 10.7%; p < 0.001), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) (28.8% vs. 3.1%; p < 0.001), and accelerated idioventricular rhythm (9.1% vs. 2.6%; = 0.02) were more common in CMD‐positive patients. In a multivariate analysis adjusting for baseline differences and other variables clinically associated with arrhythmia, CMD was associated with PACs (odds ratio [OR]: 4.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–11.9), SVT (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.5–8.6), PVCs (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 2.6–13.0), and NSVT (OR: 9.5; 95% CI: 3.2–27.7).

Conclusion

Patients with ANOCA and CMD have a higher likelihood of arrhythmias, especially ventricular arrhythmias.
Impact of X‐Ray Protective Drapes on Operator and Patient Radiation Exposure During Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: de Ceuninck Michel , Dujardin Karl , Vanhaverbeke Maarten , Muyldermans Philip , de Walle Stefaan Van , Pauwelyn Maarten , Bergez Bernard , Desimpel Francine , Vanderheeren Philippe , Dekerpel Filip , Kamoen Victor , Beveren Jan Van , Bruneel Wim , Coillie Patrick Van , Cokelaere Benny
Published: December 2024

Background

As cardiac catheterization operators are exposed to radiation exposure throughout their careers, optimal radiation protection is crucial. Our study was designed to assess the effects of supplementary protective measures beyond standard radiation protection attire and barriers, measuring their influence on scatter radiation exposure levels for both the operator and the patient.

Aims

The objective of this trial is to assess the impact of a lead shield on scatter radiation exposure for both the operator and the patient.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial in which procedures were allocated to incorporate the use of a reusable lead apron designed to shield the lower body of the patient. Both operators and patients were outfitted with real‐time procedure‐specific dosimeters to monitor exposure. All patients undergoing radial access procedures were entered into a randomization process. The study's dual primary outcomes included the relative operator dose above (RODt) and under (RODu) the protective gear, as well as the scatter patient radiation dose (RPD), which was calculated as the measured radiation exposure (µSv) standardized against the dose area product (DAP).

Results

Out of 400 procedures that were randomized, data from 346 procedures was complete for analysis. The use of the pelvic shield resulted in a substantial decrease in the RODt and RODu, with reductions of 25% and 40%, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was also a 38% reduction observed in the scatter RPD. In patients with a high BMI, the effectiveness of the pelvic shield varied.

Conclusion

Employing an auxiliary pelvic shield significantly diminishes scatter radiation exposure for both the operator and the patient.