bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Temperature Profiles using Low-Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing from In-Well Measurements
Authors: Bradley Nicholas , Haavik Kjetil Eik , Landrø Martin
Published: September 2023

Distributed fiber-optic sensing for in-well measurements is primarily used for monitoring purposes. Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is used to record acoustic disturbances and is sensitive to changes in strain, pressure, and temperature. Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is used to measure temperature along the fiber. Here, we compare temperature changes measured by DAS and DTS in wells over different time periods. We affirm the linear dependency between DAS’s phase change and temperature, with the derived strain rate being proportional to the time derivative of the temperature response. Given that low-frequency (LF) DAS is sensitive to strain, pressure, and temperature effects, one must choose quiet periods in the well or condition the data to only analyze the effect of temperature on the fiber. We show that LF-DAS data can be used to track temperature changes over several weeks.

We then propose a method, using liquid column movements, to invert LF-DAS data for absolute temperature profiles. The temperature profile in a well can be measured using DTS. However, DTS data are not always available, and conventional Raman scattering DTS is not used in subsea wells with long lead-in lengths. Hence, it would be desirable to acquire the temperature response from LF-DAS data to use as a multipurpose tool for in-well monitoring. Here, we show that when purely investigating the response to an initial displacement of the fluid column (i.e., from rest), LF-DAS can be used along with reference sensors, such as the wellhead and downhole temperature gauge data to estimate the depth variations in temperature in production and injection wells.
Characterization and Performance Evaluation of Modified Apatite Ore as a New Acid-Soluble Weighting Agent for Drilling Fluids
Authors: Zhao Xin , Zhang Heng , Wang Shuai , Su Wenzhi , Sun Hao , Ren Xiaoxia
Published: September 2023

Drilling in oil and gas reservoir formations requires the solid weighting agent used in drilling fluids to have good acid solubility to facilitate plugging removal in subsequent operations. Limestone is the most commonly used acid-soluble weighting agent, but its low density and significant thickening effect lead to a low weighting limit. To achieve control of drilling fluid density, rheology, sag stability, and acid solubility, the feasibility of using apatite (AP) ore as an acid-soluble weighting agent for drilling fluids has been discussed after it was modified by the nitrogen-containing organic polybasic phosphonic acid sodium salt. The basic characteristics of AP and modified AP (MAP) were analyzed. After that, the rheological, filtration, and sag stability properties of MAP-weighted water-based drilling fluids with densities of 1.2 g/cm3 and 1.6 g/cm3 were evaluated, and acid solubility, filter-cake permeability, core permeability damage, and plugging removal tests by acid solutions were performed to evaluate the formation protection effect. The results show that the density of AP is 2.98 g/cm3, and the main component is hydroxyapatite. Its negative electricity and hydrophilicity were enhanced after surface modification, so its dispersion stability in water was enhanced, thereby improving the rheology, filtration, and sag stability properties of the MAP-weighted drilling fluid. The solubility of MAP in 10% HCl solution reached 90.13%, and the core contamination experiments show that after being soaked in HCl solution, the return permeability of contaminated cores reached higher than 90%, indicating that the MAP invading the core can be efficiently dissolved and removed in the acidic working fluids used in the subsequent completion and stimulation operations, thus effectively protecting the reservoir formation. The properties of MAP are superior to those of limestone, and it can be used as a new acid-soluble weighting agent for drilling fluids, considering both drilling fluid performance regulation and reservoir formation protection.
Physics-Guided V-Net: An Efficient Surrogate Model for Well Placement Optimization in Petroleum Reservoirs
Authors: Xu Rui
Published: September 2023

Determination of the optimal well placement strategy in oil or gas fields is crucial for economic reservoir development. The optimization process, however, can be computationally intensive as a result of the potentially high-dimensional search space and the expensive numerical simulation. In this study, machine-learning-based surrogate models are constructed as efficient alternatives to numerical simulators to accelerate the optimization process. A V-Net neural network architecture is used with features of skip connections, 3D convolutional filters, and a residual learning structure to handle 3D parameter fields effectively. Physical guidance is incorporated into the neural network training process by adding governing equation constraints to the loss function in the discretized form, resulting in a physics-guided machine learning architecture: PgV-Net. Well placement optimization problems in a 3D oil-bearing formation with strong porosity and permeability heterogeneity are studied using the PgV-Net-based surrogate model along with genetic algorithms (GAs). Three optimization problems with increased complexity are solved, and the results are compared with regular approaches using a numerical simulator. Good agreement between the two approaches is observed, and the computational efficiency improves dramatically (up to 30 times). The proposed PgV-Net neural network training architecture reduces the requirement of expensive training data and can be used for more challenging problems such as multiphase flow modeling.
Storage in the Deep Aquifer: Stochastic Process in Time and Frequency Domain Using Groundwater Level Response to Seismic Activation of the Tohoku Earthquake, Japan, 2011
Authors: Shih David Ching-Fang
Published: September 2023

This study delves the interplay of Rayleigh wave-groundwater-aquifer dynamics, utilizing seismic data from designated stations, particularly the magnitude 9 event on March 11, 2011 (02:46:23 PM epicenter), Tohoku Earthquake, Japan. Auto spectra uncover significant peaks, linking groundwater shifts with Rayleigh waves' vertical motion. High coherence between groundwater levels and seismogram vertical shifts confirms this connection. Coherence analysis validates it within a frequency range. Aquifer storage coefficient estimation aligns with confined aquifer norms, ranging from 1.0E-05 to1.0E-03. This consistency holds true across different methods and other earthquake event, highlighting seismic impact. The research emphasizes seismic relevance for groundwater insight. Expanding datasets is recommended for coefficient precision. These insights enhance understanding of aquifer behavior during seismic events, aiding groundwater management and earthquake readiness in susceptible regions. Further research should expand datasets for coefficient accuracy. Insights advance aquifer behavior comprehension during seismic events, guiding groundwater management and earthquake readiness in prone regions.
Tocilizumab for the Treatment of Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency and TNF Receptor-Associated Periodic Syndrome: cases report and literature review
Authors: Li Yandie , Lu Meiping
Published: September 2023

Background Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) are systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs), which are rare diseases with early-onset, severe condition and difficult diagnosis and treatment. Although different SAIDs have standard treatments, some SAIDs are poorly controlled after routine treatment, which seriously affects the growth and development of children and their quality of life. The purpose of our study is to provide more treatment strategies for SAIDs.Cases presentation: We presented 2 Chinese patients with MKD and TRAPS who were resistant to TNF-α blockade. The patients with MKD and TRAPS still have periodic fever and rash after using etanercept, baricitinib and glucocorticoid. IL-1 antagonists are not available in Chinese Mainland, then they commenced intravenous tocilizumab (240mg every 3 weeks). After they were treated by one or two doses of tocilizumab, they were not suffered from fever and rash so far. Before treatment of tocilizumab in MKD patient, WBC and TNF-α were normal, ESR and CRP increased significantly, and IL-6 increased slightly. After treatment of tocilizumab, ESR and CRP fell to normal, however, IL-6 increased occasionally. In TRAPS patient, ESR, CRP, WBC, IL-6 and TNF-α were increased significantly. After treatment of tocilizumab, ESR, CRP, WBC, IL-6 and TNF-α fell to normal. Two patients were treated with tocilizumab for more than 6 months, and they achieved in clinical and serological remission. Two patients had no adverse reactions after injection of tocilizumab.Conclusions Without IL-1 antagonists in Chinese Mainland, tocilizumab is useful as an alternative drug to the treatment of SAIDs who are resistant to TNF-α blockade.
What is the price of wetlands? Educational experience of economic valuation in Chile
Authors: Araya-Piñones Angelo , Bakit José , Flores Mario , Guerrero Matías , Silva Mariela , Valencia-Ceballos Leslie , Varela Fabiola , Poblete Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

Coastal wetlands are important habitats for human well-being due to their ecosystem services, which require tools to ensure their conservation. Environmental management proposes to estimate the economic value of environmental resources that make decisions in both the ecological and economic spheres. A learning experience was carried out in the context of postgraduate students, addressing the contents of the Economic Aspects of Sustainable Development subject, to then give way to the implementation of two economic valuation methods. The valuation of El Culebrón Wetland was carried out using Contingent Valuation (CV) and Defensive Expenditure (DE) estimation methods in an academic framework. The 20-year valuation results were US$5,750,000 (CV) and US$3,050,009 (DC). The experience allowed us to estimate the economic value of wetlands and reflect on the opportunities and complexities that the application of these methodologies implies, linked to decision-making with an emphasis on the conservation of these vulnerable and productive ecosystems, leaving ethical questions about economic valuation.
Influence of Microgravity on Spontaneous Calcium Activity of Primary Hippocampal Neurons.
Authors: Lecoq Pierre-Ewen , Dupuis Chloé , Mousset Xavier , Benoit-Gonnin Xavier , Peyrin Jean-Michel , Aider Jean-Luc
Published: September 2023

The influence of variations of gravity, either hypergravity or microgravity, on the brain of astronauts is a major concern for long journeys in space, to the Moon or to Mars, or simply long-duration missions in the ISS. Monitoring brain activity, before and after ISS missions already demonstrated important and long term effects on the brains of astronauts. In this study, we focus on the influence of gravity at the cell level on primary hippocampal neurons.
A dedicated setup has been designed and built to perform live calcium imaging during parabolic flights. Using this technology, throughout the CNES parabolic flights campaign, organized by Novespace in spring 2022, we were able to observe neurons inside microfluidic devices and monitor their calcium activity during gravity changes over different parabolas. Our preliminary results clearly indicate a modification of the calcium activity associated to variations of gravity.
Recent increase in the surface mass balance in central East Antarctica is unprecedented for the last 2000 years
Authors: Ekaykin Alexey , Veres Arina
Published: September 2023

The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is the largest storage of ice on Earth, and its reaction on the continuing global warming is crucial to project the future sea level rise1. The increasing air temperature causes not only accelerating mass loss on the AIS’s margins, but also an increased surface mass balance (SMB) in its interior with a poorly known SMB-air temperature sensitivity2. A vast area of the AIS suffers from the lack of the SMB data. Here we present a new robust SMB dataset for the past 2200 years obtained from firn cores drilled in the vicinity of Vostok station (central East Antarctica), combined with the instrumental SMB data for the last 52 years. The new SMB time-series reveals the same ‘hockey stick’ shape as in other available cores: a slight decrease in the SMB till early 19 century followed by a sharp increase afterwards. The mean SMB value between 168 BCE and 1816 CE was 1.82 ± 0.05 g cm-2 year-1, while in 1970–2021 it was 2.25 ± 0.13 g cm-2 year-1. The latter value is unprecedented in the pre-industrial era. The temporal SMB variability correlates significantly with the local near-surface air temperature with the SMB-temperature sensitivity of 11–16% per 1°C.
Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population.
Authors: Dumas Louise-Emilie , Vandersteen Clair , Metelkina-Fernandez Victoria , Gros Auriane , Auby Philippe , Askenazy Florence
Published: September 2023

Background and objective: Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 alter quality of life and may cause psychic impairments. Olfactory disorders represent a prevalence between 8% to 85% and persist in up to 30% of COVID-19 cases. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact at 6 months of the post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and dimensions of anxiety and depression in general population. The second objective is to compare objective and subjective evaluations of olfactory disorders using these same criteria.
Methods: It was a prospective, longitudinal (baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1)) open-label cohort study. The study population persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Olfactory disorders were assessed with Sniffin' Sticks Test® (TDI score) and a Visual Analogue Scale. An Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of life and diet questionnaire were used to evaluate patients’ quality of life. Hedonic experiences were assessed with Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale and Anxiety and Depression dimensions with The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. At T0 and T1, the study population was separated on “normosmic” (NG) and “olfactory disorder” (ODG) groups based on TDI score.
Results: 56 patients were recruited (58.93% women and 41.07% men) with 39.04 years old on average and post-COVID-19 olfactory disorder for an average of 5.32 months. At T1, the ODG have a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences compared to the NG. There is no significant difference between the two groups for the dimensions of anxiety and depression. Objective and subjective assessments at T0 were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, the subjective evaluation of the NG was significantly correlated with all the criteria while the ODG only correlated with the hedonic experiences.
Conclusion: Patients with post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders persistent for more than 6 months presented a degraded quality of life and hedonic experience. The subjective evaluation influenced the quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression more than the olfactory disorder itself.
ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
The Optical Behavior of Nano Filled Resin Composite Loaded With Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: fathy Heba , Haroun Hassan , Riad Mona
Published: September 2023

Objectives Assessment of the effect of incorporation of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs), different concentrations into resin composite with different thicknesses on its color modulation.Materials and methods GONPs were prepared with 0.05 wt.% and 0.2 wt.%. concentration. 10 mm diameter × 3mm height 70 nano-filled resin composite discs were prepared. 10 specimens of resin composite discs were prepared without GONPs incorporation and served as a control (G0). The other 60 specimens were divided into 2 equal groups (G1& G2) according to the concentration of the nanoparticles. Each group was divided into 3 equal subgroups according to the thickness of the resin composite containing GONPs; [T1: GONPs dispersed in the bottom 1 mm of the disc, T2: dispersed in the bottom 2 mm of the disc and T3: dispersed in the total thickness of the disc (3 mm)]. ∆E values were calculated using a Vita Easyshade Spectrophotometer.Results Incorporation of GONPs into resin composite induced significant color change and among the 6 experimental groups except for the G1T1 group showed a non-significant color change.Conclusion Dispersion of GONPs has a detectable effect on the color change of resin composite. Meanwhile, dispersion in low concentration for only the bottom 1mm thickness of resin composite has an undetectable effect on its color.
Discriminators of Antarctic Atmospheric River Environments
Authors: Baiman Rebecca , Winters Andrew , Pohl Benjamin , Favier Vincent , Wille Jonathan , Clem Kyle
Published: September 2023

Although rare, atmospheric rivers (ARs) substantially influence the interannual variability of Antarctic surface mass balance. We identify characteristics unique to AR environments by comparing (1) AR, (2) Analog (environments that feature high-low pressure couplets, similar to AR environments, but no AR), and (3) Top AR (high-precipitation AR timesteps) during 1980–2017 around Antarctica. We find significant differences between AR and Analog environments including more intense and poleward-shifted mid-tropospheric geopotential height couplets as well as larger atmospheric moisture anomalies. We find similar significant enhancement in synoptic-scale dynamic drivers of Top ARs compared to AR environments, but no significant difference in local integrated water vapor anomalies. Instead, our results highlight the importance of large-scale dynamic drivers of Top AR timesteps, including connections between high-precipitation ARs and Rossby waves excited by tropical convection. This deeper understanding of environments conducive to ARs provides context for interpreting future changes to the Antarctic surface mass balance.
Risk Factors for Mortality and Functional Status Among Survivors of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Yang Yu-Hang , Zhang Tie-Ning , Wen Ri , Xu Wei , Wang Li-Jie , Gao Shan-Yan , Yang Ni , Liu Chun-Feng
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Although the mortality rate of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) continues to decrease, the increased incidence of clinical sequelae in survivors has become a focus of clinical practice. This study aimed to determine the functional status at hospital discharge among PARDS survivors using the Functional Status Scale and identify risk factors associated with its mortality.
Methods
We retrospectively collected and analyzed clinical data of patients with PARDS assessed upon admission and discharge from the pediatric intensive care unit of our hospital between January 2013 and January 2020. Patients were categorized into survival and non-survival groups for intergroup comparisons of clinical characteristics and therapeutic interventions.
Results
Of the 149 study participants, 96 (64.4%) died while hospitalized and 53 (35.6%) survived until discharge. Severe PARDS, defined as an oxygenation index score of ≥ 16, was an independent risk factor for mortality. Although surviving participants showed improvements in clinical status, the rate of new morbidity at discharge was 24.5%, with respiratory, feeding, and motor functions being the domains most affected.
Conclusion
Severe PARDS was an independent risk factor for mortality. Despite the survival of one out of three patients with PARDS, approximately a quarter of survivors experienced new morbidities after discharge. The most commonly affected functions included those related to respiration, feeding, and motor activity; therefore, special attention should be given to maintaining these functions in survivors.
The application of quality control in pulmonary ultrasound practice for residents
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zheng Yujin , Sun Zhe , Ma Jiaojiao , Xi Xuehua , Jia Xinying
Published: September 2023

Objective To explore the effect of quality control in the practice of lung ultrasound in residents.
Methods A quality control system of lung ultrasound was established by developing a standardized scanning protocol, theoretical and operational training, and quality scores to evaluate the practical effects of 14 residents who participated in lung ultrasound examinations of hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic from December 2022 to January 2023.
Results The average scores of according years of training for residents participating in lung ultrasonography gradually increased. Compared with the overall mean (7.73 ± 1.36 points), there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of first and second-year residents (7.41±1.58 points, 7.54±1.12 points, P > 0.05), and there was a statistically significant difference in the scores of third-year resident or above (8.79 ± 1.01 points, P< 0.05). First and second-year residents had problems such as too deep image depth, lack of body markers, and lack of some lung subdivisions.
Conclusion The establishment of a lung ultrasound quality control system makes residents master lung ultrasound and join the clinical practice, especially in ensuring the quality of ultrasound examination for junior residents.
Hydromorphone hydrochloride preconditioning combined with postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by improving mitochondrial function and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
Authors: Qiu Liuji , Yan Yan , Zhong Guocheng , Hou Zhiqi , Ye Yongcai , Lin Jiaying , Luo Dexing
Published: September 2023

Background Therapeutic methods such as thrombolytic therapy or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can quickly restore blood flow in myocardial ischemic area. Thanks to these therapeutic methods, the death risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been reduced significantly. However, these therapeutic strategies may also cause myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) and poor prognosis of patients. Previous studies have revealed protective effect of the opioid drug hydromorphone hydrochloride (HH) on brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats and mice. However, there are few studies on the effect of HH on MIRI. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of HH on MIRI.
Methods Except Sham group, MIRI models were established by ligating and relaxing the left anterior descending coronary artery, and HH (0.3μmol/L) was injected through the tail vein 10 min before ligation (HH-pre group), 10 min after reperfusion (HH-post group) and twice at the above two time points (HH-pre+post group). After intervention, the cardiac function of rats was evaluated by echocardiography, and the serum of rats was collected for the detection of levels of myocardial injury markers. Next, the area of myocardial infarction was evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, followed by the measurement of levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Besides, the relative content of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was detected by qRT-PCR; mitochondrial biogenesis and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)signaling pathway were evaluated by western blot.
Results Compared with the I/R group, rats in the HH-pre group, HH-post group and HH-pre+post group exhibited improved cardiac function, decreased myocardial infarction area, reduced serum myocardial injury markers, alleviated oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, up-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, the HH-pre+post group was superior to the HH-pre group or the HH-post group in the above aspects.
Conclusion: HH has protective effect on MIRI. HH preconditioning combined with postconditioning shows optimal efficacy, and such efficacy may be achieved by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress, and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
High-grade glioma in infants and very young children: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes
Authors: Arafah Omar , Maher Eslam , Mosaab Amal , Naguib Eman , Mohamed Amal , Ahmed Soha , Taha Hala , El-Beltagy Mohamed , El-Naggar Shahenda , El-Ayadi Moatasem
Published: September 2023

Purpose
High-grade gliomas (HGG) in infants and very young children (less than 3 to 5 years old) pose significant challenges due to the limited scientific literature available and high risks associated with treatments. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of this cohort.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2007 to 2022 at Children’s Cancer Hospital, Egypt (CCHE-57357). Cases included children aged < 5 years old with pathologically confirmed CNS glioma grades III-IV. Baseline clinical and radiological characteristics, besides prognostic factors associated with survival, were assessed.
Results
In total, 76 cases were identified, 7 of them (9.2%) were < 1 year old, and 25 (32.9%) were aged 1 to 3 years. Most tumors were cerebral (55.3%). Gross- or near-total resection (GTR/NTR) was achieved in 32.9% of all cases. Of the tested cases, H3K27M-alteration was present in 5 subjects only. The 3-year OS and EFS for all cases were 26.9% and 15.4%, respectively. Extent of resection was the most important prognostic factor, as those achieving GTR/NTR experienced more than double the survival compared to those who do not (1-year EFS = 46.6% vs 21.4%, p=0.05). Age had a “bimodal” effect on EFS, with those aged 1 to 3 years old (1-year EFS = 40%) faring better than younger (EFS = 0%; p=0.02) and older age groups (1-year EFS = 28.1%; p=0.05). Subjects with midline tumors had worse survival compared to non-midline tumors (1-year EFS = 18.5% vs 35%, respectively, p=0.02).
Conclusion
This study in a large cohort of HGG in infants and very young children offers insights into the characteristics and treatment challenges. Extent of resection, age group, and tumor localization are important prognostic factors. Further research with larger sample size is warranted to refine treatment approaches and improve outcomes.
Implementing Community-Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response to identify and prevent maternal and perinatal mortality in Kaduna State, Nigeria: Results and lessons from a pilot study
Authors: Tilton Alice , Ejembi Clara Ladi , Salawu Moshood , Aliyu Elkana , Shittu Oladapo , Matawal Punshak Watle , Olumeyan Shade , Abdulkarim Khadijah
Published: September 2023

Background: There is low utilisation of antenatal care, health
facility delivery, and post-natal care in Kaduna State, Nigeria,
contributing to high maternal and perinatal mortality. Our research
aimed to determine if community-Maternal and Perinatal Death
Surveillance and Response, inclusive of verbal and social
autopsies, increased antenatal care coverage (ANC), facility
deliveries, and postnatal care coverage (PNC).

Methods: Mixed methods were used to monitor and evaluate the
project. Data sources included health facility summary data from
January 2021 to December 2022, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and
Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with health care workers from local
facilities and men and women from the two communities. Indicators
analysed included ANC coverage, skilled birth attendance rate, PNC
coverage and qualitative indicators linked to trust of healthcare
workers, blame for adverse events, and adoption of remedies to
modifiable causes of maternal and or perinatal deaths. Quantitative
and qualitative analyses were done on Microsoft Excel.

Results: Social autopsies were found to be acceptable and
valued by community members. Actions developed may have had a
lifesaving impact: maternity clinic run by an unskilled attendant
was closed down, 24-hour free transportation for pregnant women
provided by taxi drivers, and pre-emptive blood donations by
community members to support emergency preparedness for childbirth.
Qualitative data suggested that c-MPDSR led to increases in health
facility attendance for antenatal care, improved quality of care,
and increased trust between community members and health facility
staff.

Conclusions: c-MPDSR with verbal and social autopsies supports
communities in Kaduna State to identify and discuss the causes of
maternal and perinatal deaths and design actions that save lives
and improve the health of women and newborns.
Extreme coastal El Niño events are tightly linked to the
development of the Pacific Meridional Modes
Authors: Martinez-Villalobos Cristian , Dewitte Boris , Garreaud René
Published: September 2023

Coastal El Niño events —instances of anomalous ocean warming in the far eastern Tropical Pacific during basin-scale neutral or cold conditions— can have severe societal impacts for countries along the west coast of South America, as exemplified by the 2017 and 2023 Peru-Ecuador floods. Due to brevity of the observational record, it is not well understood whether these events are driven
by local or large-scale processes. Here, to overcome this limitation, we use a data-driven modeling approach to address their return period and forcing mechanisms. It is shown that extreme coastal El Niño events result from the constructive interactions of the Pacific Meridional Modes (PMM). Specifically, the North PMM yields a dipole-like anomaly SST pattern along the equator that favors its development, while the positive phase of the South PMM reinforces it. A smaller group of more moderate coastal events are remotely driven by zonal wind anomalies in
the western Tropical pacific without the PMMs’ influence. The role of PMMs in the development of extreme coastal El Niño suggests that they may be more predictable than previously thought.
Outcome of Chairside CAD/CAM Ceramic Restorations on Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth: A Prospective Study
Authors: Hu Su-Ning , Li Jing-Wen , Zhang Xi-Xi , Wei Rong , Liang Yu-Hong
Published: September 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and risk factors for chairside CAD/CAM full cusp coverage restorations on endodontically treated posterior teeth after 3 years offollow-up.
Methods: A total of 246 endodontically treated posterior teeth of 226 patients were included and restored with CAD/CAM full cusp coverage all-ceramic restorations according to a standardized protocol. Patients were recalled after treatments 1 to 3 years and underwent clinical and radiological examinations. At recall, modified FDI criteria were used to determine treatment outcomes by 2 evaluators. Success was determined when FDI scores were 1-2, and failure was indicated when FDI scores were 5. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate potential risk factors.
Results: 183 patients presented at recall, and the clinical outcomes of 201 teeth were analyzed with a recall rate of 82.0%for teeth and 81.7% for patients after 1-3 years offollow-up.187 of 201 teeth were found to have FDI scores of 1-2, and the success rate was 92%. No teeth were extracted during the follow-up period. Fourteenfailed cases with an FDI score of 5 presented restoration dislocation, fracture of restoration or/and tooth. Logistic regression analysis revealed that oral parafunction (OR 2.281, 95% CI 2.2~47.5, P value 0.01) was a risk factor for success rate.
Conclusion: Chairside CAD/CAM all-ceramic full cusp coverage restoration was (could be) a promising alternative for restoring endodontically treated posterior teeth.
COVID 19 vaccination as a trigger of acute genital ulcers in an autoimmune predisposed adolescent - a case report and literature review
Authors: Pokora Karolina , Kowalczyk Karolina , Cwynar Marlena , Peterek Robert , Stojko Rafał , Madej Paweł , Drosdzol-Cop Agnieszka
Published: September 2023

Acute genital ulcers (AGU) can affect girls and women of all ages. In children, they
often appear as an emergency and remain a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians,
gynecologists, and dermatologists. Prompt diagnosis and identification of disease-
related factors help to implement appropriate treatment. Firstly, it is crucial to properly
compile the medical background of the patient. Infectious, autoimmune, malignant,
traumatic, or vaccines are the possible conditions. Also, new infectious agents, such
as SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinations against it - COVID-19, may play a significant role
in the development of atypical clinical symptoms. We present a case of a 12-years-
old girl with acute genital ulcers and history of autoimmune diseases. She had
periodic fever - aphthous stomatitis - pharyngitis - adenopathy (PFAPA) syndrome
and Henoch-Schönlein purpura in the past. Additionally, she was vaccinated against
SARS-CoV-2 shortly before the lesions appeared. Review of literature is focused on
the possible causal link between appearance of AGU, autoimmunity, and COVID-19
vaccination.
SUMO1 mediated salubrinal-treated the abnormal remodeling of the subchondral bone in osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Xinle , Li Jie , Wu Qiu , Liu Daquan , Yokota Hiroki , Yang Lei , Zhang Ping
Published: September 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder characterized by cartilage degradation and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. As a post-translational modification, small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases including arthritis. However, their role in OA remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, although salubrinal is reported to inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation in osteoporosis, its effect on OA is not well understood.
Methods: To elucidate the role of salubrinal in OA and any linkage to SUMOylation, 54 mice were employed in 3 randomly assigned groups (n = 18), including the sham control (control), osteoarthritis (OA), and salubrinal-treated OA (OAS). OA was induced by transecting the medial collateral ligament and removing the medial meniscus. Salubrinal was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2mg/kg daily for 2 weeks.
Results: Salubrinal reduced the osteoclast surface and elevated the osteoblast number in the trabecular subchondral bone. It also suppressed osteoclast activities and promoted osteoblast differentiation from bone marrow-derived cells. HE staining and CT imaging revealed that salubrinal improved the microstructure of the subchondral bone, and it reduced OARSI scores and CC/TAC. Silencing SUMO1 attenuated salubrinal’s beneficial effects on osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
Conclusions: Salubrinal improved the abnormal remodeling of the subchondral bone in OA, and its beneficial effects were partly mediated by SUMO1.
Bird detection Algorithm Incorporating Attention Mechanism
Authors: Liang Yuanqing , Wang Bin , Huang Houxin , Pang Hai , Yue Xiang
Published: September 2023

The safety of the substation is related to the stability of social order and people's daily lives, and the habitat and reproduction of birds can cause serious safety accidents in the power system. In this paper, to solve the problem of low accuracy rate when the YOLOv5l model is applied to the bird-repelling robot in the substation for detection, a C3ECA-YOLOv5l algorithm is proposed to accurately detect the four common bird species near the substation in real time: pigeon, magpie, sparrow and swallow. Four attention modules—Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE), Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), an efficient channel attention module (ECA), and Coordinate Attention (CA)—were added to the backbone network at different times—after the C3-3 network layer, before the SPPF network layer, and in the C3 network layer (C3-3, C3-6, C3-9, and C3-3)—to determine the best network detection performance option. After comparing the network mean average precision rates (mAP@0.5), we incorporated the ECA attention module into the C3 network layer (C3-3, C3-6, C3-9, and C3-3) as the final test method. In the validation set, the mAP@0.5of the C3ECA-YOLOv5l network was 94.7%, which, after incorporating the SE, CBAM, ECA, and CA attention modules before the SPPF network layer following the C3-3 network layer of the backbone, resulted in mean average precisions of 92.9%, 92.0%, 91.8%, and 93.1%, respectively, indicating a decrease of 1.8%, 2.7%, 2.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. Incorporating the SE, CBAM, and CA attention modules into the C3 network layer (C3-3, C3-6, C3-9, and C3-3) resulted in mean average precision rates of 93.5%, 94.1%, and 93.4%, respectively, which were 1.2%, 0.6%, and 1.3% lower than that obtained for the C3ECA-YOLOv5l model.
An improved gray wolf optimizer for minimizing drilling deformation and residual stress in AA2024 sheet
Authors: Wu Rui , Huang Shiyao , Zhang Wenqian , Zhu Min , Zheng Zhong , Li Tao , Xue Huan
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem of large deformation and residual stress after drilling of aircraft skin Aluminum Alloy 2024 (AA2024) sheet, an Improved Gray Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) is proposed to optimize its fixture layout to make the deformation and residual stress smaller. A layout coding scheme is designed to obtain the maximum deformation and residual stress under different fixture layouts. Then a kriging prediction model is developed with a prediction error of 3.7% for deformation and 2.2% for residual stress. The model is integrated with the IGWO to provide a comprehensive set of optimal solutions. The specific improvements of IGWO included initializing the population with good point set to increase population diversity, incorporation of Lévy flight to prevent local optimum, adjustable distance control parameter tuning for balance the global and local searches, and optimizing the population by non-dominated sort and crowding distance. Ultimately, experimental studies and algorithmic comparisons are carried out to verify the efficacy of both the proposed model and the algorithm.
Life Activities of Elderly Patients With Operated Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: kara zehra , Avcı Suna , Melikoglu Seçil Erden , Sulu Cem , Demir Ahmet Numan , Uysal Serhat , Özkaya Hande Mefkure , Kadıoğlu Pınar
Published: September 2023

Aim
To evaluate the clinical findings of nonfunctional pituitary adenomas (NFA) in the geriatric population, functional status, cognitive function, quality of life and frailty.
Material-Method
We evaluated operated NFA cases aged 65 years and older followed up in our clinic between 2010 and 2022. Patients seen in the geriatric outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were included in the study as a control group. Bioimpedance was used to assess muscle strength, walking speed, and muscle to fat ratio in patients. In addition, quality of life, anxiety, depression, cognitive function, and frailty were assessed.
Results
The study included 43 patients with NFA and 60 patients with hypertension (HT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnoses. The mean age, sex ratios and body mass index (BMI) of the patients with NFA and the control group diagnosed with HT and type 2 DM were similar (age: 70.9±0.66; 73.1±0.8 (p=0,6), FM /M: 24/19, 35/25 (p=0.1) and BMI:28.3±3.9/28.5±4.8 (p=0.9), respectively). Cognition status (MMT: 28;29, p=0.002), frailty scores (2[2-3]; 1[1-2], M[IQR], p<0.001), sarcopenia rates (62%; 30%, p=0.007) was worse in patients with NFA.
Conclusion
In the study comparing patients diagnosed with surgical pituitary NFA with patients of similar age and comorbidity, the frailty score and rate of sarcopenia were higher and their cognition was worse.
Complications arising from surgical and postoperative treatment of patients with pituitary NFA make geriatric patients more frail. We emphasize that patients with NFA in this age group should be examined more carefully.
Forecasting of Daily Pan Evaporation Rate using Deep Learning Techniques for Three Different Agro-Climatic Regions of Chhattisgarh State
Authors: Majhi Babita , Naik Rupesh , Dash Sujata , Mallik Saurav , Al-Rasheed Amal , Abbas Mohamed , Soufiene Ben Othman
Published: September 2023

Accurate measurement or computation of evaporation loss is crucial for developing and successfully implementing water resource management strategies, irrigation planning, reservoir management, hydropower generation, drought and flood mitigation, urban planning and increasing agricultural productivity, especially in drought-prone areas. Evaporation can be measured directly using evaporimeters or forecasted using empirical models based on climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunlight, and solar radiation, that influence the evaporation process. Modeling evaporation using climatic factors is difficult, especially when accounting for the wide range of agro-climatic conditions as it is an exceedingly nonlinear process. This paper uses different machine learning (ML) and deep learning algorithms to estimate pan evaporation (EP) for three distinct agro-climatic zones in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh. In this research, the performance of three machine learning models (Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, and XGBoost) and four deep learning models (Deep Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, and Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory) are evaluated and outcomes from each location are compared. Simulation results demonstrated that across all three regions, deep-Learning models outperform machine-learning and conventional models. Out of all deep learning models DRNN perform the best. As the results exhibit that the (EP) loss per day is less than 1 mm, the proposed model can be used for irrigation scheduling, water resource management which is very important for agriculture and its related activities.
Improved bioprocess for enhanced xylitol synthesis by newly isolate Meyerozyma caribbica (CP02)
Authors: Singh Saumya , Arya Shailendra Kumar , Krishania Meena
Published: September 2023

The present work models the fermentation process parameters of the newly isolated, Meyerozyma caribbica CP02 for enhanced xylitol production and its fermentability study on rice straw hydrolysate. The impact of process variables was initially studied one at a time each followed by statistical validation. Temperature 32°C, pH 3.5, 200 rpm, 1.5% (v/v) inoculum, 80 gL− 1 initial xylose was optimized and a sequential two-stage agitation in fermentation process was adopted. At optimized conditions, xylitol yield of 0.77 gg− 1 and 0.64 gg− 1 was actualized using media containing commercial and rice straw derived xylose, respectively. For scale up, in 3L batch bioreactor, the highest xylitol yield (0.63 gg− 1) was attained at 72 h with media containing rice straw derived xylose (59.22 gL− 1) along with inhibitors (1.82 gL− 1 aliphatic acids, 0.141 gL− 1 furans, 0.95 gL− 1 total phenols). This implies, M. caribbica CP02 demonstrated good hydrolysate fermentability even at high initial xylose concentration. Therefore, isolate CP02 has potential commercial feasibility in bio-refineries for high yield xylitol production with minimal hydrolysate processing.
Thermal evaluation of geometrical innovations in concentric and eccentric evacuated single and double solar collectors
Authors: Teles Mavd Paula , Lino Fatima A.M. , Silva Janayna Rocha , Nóbrega Claudia Rosa do Espirito Santo , Ismail Kamal A.R.
Published: September 2023

In this study, an experimental and numerical investigation of eight geometrical configurations of evacuated tube solar collectors was conducted. The configurations were tested simultaneously in outdoor installation under the same test conditions. The parameters such as collector eccentricity, solar concentration, vacuum, collector absorber, and cover tube materials were investigated. The numerical model developed in MATLAB was validated with experimental results. The results show that the eccentricity and the absorptivity of the material of the absorber are the parameters that have the highest influence on the collector performance. The use of reflective film in the eccentric solar collectors’ configurations can increase efficiency by 33%. The vacuum presented an efficiency increase variation between 1% and 4% in the eccentric tube collectors. For the concentric collectors configurations, the use of the vacuum between the tubes can reach an increase of 9% in its performance. The eccentricity of the collector using reflective film and vacuum allows an effective solar concentration in the collector absorber presenting a 26% higher efficiency when compared with the concentric collector.
How to implement masters’ level of health care providers‘ education in internships – exploring the views of students, clinicians and educators in midwifery and public health nursing
Authors: Kasper Jürgen , Sundar Turid Kristin Bigum , Valla Lisbeth , Lilleengen Anne Marie , Haug Anne Grete Rydtun , Marsdal Kjersti Engen , Borgen Iren , Hjellset Victoria Telle
Published: September 2023

In the course of worldwide attempts of academization of professional educations and the Bologna process nursing educations have become both Bachelor and Master’s programmes at colleges, polytechnics and universities. The study investigates the question, how public health nurses’ and midwifes’ training on Master’s level in internships is operationalized by those involved in the conduct of these parts of the programmes. The study also aimed at providing a better understanding of barriers and facilitators of realizing the Master’s level in internships. Using theory of planned behaviour as a theoretical and methodological framework, individual in depth interviews were conducted with representatives of all involved parties. After content analysing the interview data focus group meetings were held purposing on validation of the findings from the first part of the study. The findings show controversial discussion about, whether a Master’s level is needed, and challenges met during attempts to enable students practicing Master’s level during their clinical placements. The main result is the lack of a consensus about the role of an internship in the didactic context of a Master program and about how students, practice and educational institutions should interact on this matter. Varying assumptions regarding roles, accountability, and professional functions of a Master student working in practice have been condensed in a set of five distinct models. Rather than comparing and ranking the models against each other, their pure coexistence is discussed as a barrier of implementing advanced nursing practice and recommendations are provided for steps to resolve this confusion.