bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fungal and Bacterial Contaminants Associated with the Spoilage of Mushroom Spawn
Authors: Bhargav Prerna , Gupta Dharmesh , Jarial R. S. , Sharma Nivedita , Thakur Rajneesh
Published: March 2023

Contamination has been a major problem associated with spawn of mushroom. In this study, the contaminating microorganisms in the spawn were isolated, identified and described. Results indicated that majority of microorganisms causing spawn contamination were mainly fungal pathogens; a very low percentage of bacterial contamination was observed. The fungal species causing contamination were Fusarium chlamydosporum, Phoma exigua, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium pallidoroseum. Only one bacterial contaminant i.e. Bacillus sp. was reported under study. Aspergillus fumigatus was the major fungal contaminant and Bacillus sp. was the only bacterial contaminant isolated from spawn incubation room environment, whereas from spawn inoculation room contaminants isolated wereFusarium pallidoroseum and Staphylococcus sp.
Career Choice and Academic Programme among Senior High School Students in the Ashanti Mampong Municipality, Ghana
Authors: Dawson-Ahmoah Joseph , Emma Poku Agyeman , Adu Joseph , Asare Bernard Ogyiri , Britwum Francis
Published: March 2023

The study examined career choice and academic programmes among senior high school students in the Ashanti Mampong Municipality. The study was guided by three research questions and three hypotheses. The study used the descriptive cross-sectional survey design with a quantitative approach. Multi-stage sampling procedures (purposive, proportionate, and simple random sampling) were used to select a sample of 336 respondents for the study. The instrument used to gather data was the questionnaire. The data was analysed using means and standard deviation while hypotheses were tested using an independent sample t-test. Results revealed that environmental factors, institutional factors, and personal characteristics influenced students' career choices and academic programmes. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in the perception of male and female students regarding the environmental factors that influenced their selection of career choice and academic programme. The study further revealed gender differences in institutional factors when making decisions about their career choice and academic programme. The study again revealed no gender difference in the mean score of students’ perception regarding their personal characteristics that influenced their choice of career and academic programme. Based on these findings, it was recommended that educators and school counsellors should focus on parents’ socio-economic status when counselling students on career choice and academic programmes.
Determination of the Anti-inflammatory and Anti-microbial Activity of a Cosmetic Product Silver Stop® Cream
Authors: Dimitrov Zhechko P. , Popova Teodora P. , Gotova Irina M. , Ignatov Ignat , Todorova Teodora , Petrova Toshka E. , Huether Fabio
Published: March 2023

The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of a cream containing extracts of African geranium (Pelargonium sidoides DC.), black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in colloidal nanosilver (AgNPs) at a concentration of 30 ppm, denoted as SILVER STOP® cream (SS® cream) was examined In vitro. The research was performed with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-6538 and two clinical strains). Suspension tests for determination the time of antimicrobial action of SS® cream were used. SS® cream showed significant antimicrobial activity. In suspension with a density of 104 cells.mL-1S. aureus died after 60 minutes of exposure to SS® cream. In suspension with concentration of 106 cells.mL-1, after 2 h only single cells remained viable. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using human epithelial cell line HT-29, incubated with a type strain of S. aureus. After treatment with SS® cream, results have shown a statistically significant reduction of the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokinesIL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and IL-1β.
PENGARUH KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP MINAT KUNJUNG KEMBALI DI RESTORAN KAIZEN BBQ GRILL & SHABU-SHABU SURABAYA DENGAN CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI
Authors: Putri Angelina , Suhartono Carmenita , Kristanti Monika
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan yang terdapat pada restoran Kaizen BBQ Grill & Shabu-Shabu terhadap minat kunjung kembali konsumen dengan customer experience sebagai variabel mediasi. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dan menggunakan purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 171 responden yang pernah mengunjungi restoran Kaizen BBQ Grill & Shabu-Shabu setidaknya sekali dalam 3 bulan terakhir (September - November 2022). Penelitian ini menggunakan software Smart PLS untuk pengolahan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa  kualitas layanan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap minat kunjung kembali, kualitas layanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap customer experience, customer experience berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat kunjung kembali dan customer experience memediasi pengaruh kualitas layanan terhadap minat kunjung kembali.
PENGARUH INTERNET OF THINGS DAN EXPERIENCE TERHADAP REVISIT INTENTION TAMU HOTEL ASTON INN JEMURSARI SURABAYA
Authors: Angkasa Eugene Katama , Oktavio Adrie , Rahnjen Devi
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh internet of things terhadap revisit intention tamu Hotel Aston Inn Jemursari Surabaya dengan experience sebagai variabel mediasi. Hasil analisis PLS-SEM dengan menggunakan data 150 orang tamu hotel menemukan bahwa internet of things mempengaruhi experience, internet of things mempengaruhi revisit intention, experience mempengaruhi revisit intention, dan experience terbukti mampu menjadi mediator dari hubungan antara internet of things dan revisit intention.
The Menstrual Cup
Authors: Mouhanna Joelle Natalie , Simms-Cendan Judith , Pastor-Carvajal Sabrina
Published: March 2023

This JAMA Insights in the Women’s Health series aims to expand clinician knowledge about the safety and best practices of menstrual cup use to support patients who choose this product by discussing the advantages, insertion and removal process, and potential risks of menstrual cup use.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α Inhibitors in the Treatment and Occurrence of Acne
Authors: Sandoval Aaron Gabriel W. , Vaughn Lauren T. , Huang Jennifer T. , Barbieri John S.
Published: March 2023

Importance

Tumor necrosis factor–α inhibitors (TNFis) approved to treat several inflammatory diseases are sometimes used off label to treat severe forms of acne that are refractory to conventional therapies. However, use of TNFis can also be followed by acne occurrence, suggesting an association between TNFis and acne. Most of the literature on the topic comprises case reports and series that have not been reviewed in a systematic manner.

Objective

To characterize the demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes of patients receiving TNFis to treat acne and patients who develop acne following treatment of other conditions with TNFis.

Evidence Review

A systematic literature review was performed and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guidelines. PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception through October 17, 2022. Included studies reported on patients of any sex or age who received TNFis whose treatment was followed by resolution or occurrence of acne. Two independent reviewers screened studies based on predefined criteria and extracted data from each study, which were quantitatively combined.

Findings

A total of 53 studies reporting on 64 patients who received TNFis for the treatment of acne (n = 47) or who experienced acne after treatment with TNFis for a different condition (n = 17) (mean age, 28.7 years; range, 12-64 years; 6 female individuals [8.8%]) were included. The TNFis used included adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept. Among the 47 patients treated for acne with TNFis, most had previously received antibiotics (31 [66.0%]) or isotretinoin (32 [68.1%]). Most (44 [93.6%]) experienced partial improvement (25 [53.2%]) or clearance (19 [40.4%]) with very few adverse effects reported (3 [6.4%]). Acne manifested as part of an inflammatory syndrome for 30 patients (63.8%). Among the 17 patients treated TNFis for a different condition followed by the occurrence of acne, only 1 patient (5.9%) reported having a history of acne. Therapy with TNFis was either discontinued (8 [47.1%]) or altered (6 [35.3%]) in most patients due to acne occurrence, typically with improvement in symptoms.

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this systematic review suggest that TNFis can be effective in treating refractory acne but can also be associated with the occurrence of acne in certain instances. Further studies elucidating the role that TNF plays in treating and inducing acne could yield insight into off-label TNFi use and acne pathogenesis, potentially guiding clinical care of patients with acne treated or induced by TNFis.
Patient Attribution—A Call for a System Redesign
Authors: Riley William , Love Kailey , Wilson Charlton
Published: March 2023

This Viewpoint discusses several shortcomings in patient attribution systems from the perspective of physicians and patients and proposes strategies to improve patient attribution accuracy to better advance the goals of alternative payment models.
Projected COVID-19 Mortality Reduction From Paxlovid Rollout
Authors: Khunte Mihir , Kumar Soryan , Salomon Joshua A. , Bilinski Alyssa
Published: March 2023

This decision analytical model study assesses projections of simulated effects of Paxlovid rollout on hospitalizations and mortality using 10 models.
A Dual‐Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode‐Based and Rocking‐Chair Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhang Wu , Li Haizeng , Elezzabi Abdulhakem Y.
Published: March 2023

The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking‐chair fashion if it can inherently self‐discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual‐mode electrochromic platform having self‐coloring and self‐bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly‐designed Prussian blue (PB)‐WO3 rocking‐chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO3/PB electrodes endow the self‐color‐switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn2+/K+, it is further shown that the colored PB‐WO3 rocking‐chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual‐mode light‐control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built‐in voltage of the dual‐mode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self‐powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors.
Manipulating Ionic Behavior with Bifunctional Additives for Efficient Sky‐Blue Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhou Wei , Shen Yang , Cao Long‐Xue , Lu Yu , Tang Ying‐Yi , Zhang Kai , Ren Hao , Xie Feng‐Ming , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: March 2023

Perovskite Light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have emerged as a promising technique for future high‐definition displays due to their outstanding electroluminescent characters. However, the development of blue PeLEDs toward practical applications is seriously hindered by their inferior performance, which mainly arises from the detrimental halide ionic behavior and thus severe nonradiative recombination in mixed‐halide blue perovskite materials. Herein, efficient sky‐blue PeLEDs featuring spectrally stable emission at 483 nm are realized by employing bifunctional passivators of Lewis‐base benzoic acid anions and alkali metal cations to simultaneously passivate the under‐coordinated lead atoms and suppress halide ion migration. A decent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.58% and a maximum EQE of 18.65% are achieved, which is further boosted to 28.82% through the optical outcoupling enhancement. This work demonstrates unique insight into the generality and individuality of this category of benzoates and puts forward a feasible guidance in choosing appropriate additives for efficient perovskite materials.
In‐Depth Occlusion of Dentinal Tubules and Rapid Remineralization of Demineralized Dentin Induced by Polyelectrolyte‐Calcium Complexes
Authors: Zhou Zihuai , Li Jiachen , Wang Zhe , Zhang Hongli , Wang Yiru , Shen Dongni , Wu Zhifang , Shen Minjuan , Pan Haihua , Wang Qi , Tang Ruikang , Hannig Matthias , Fu Baiping
Published: March 2023

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is triggered by external stimuli irking fluid flow through exposed dentinal tubules (DTs). Three commercially available desensitizing agents as control in this study only achieve limited occlusion depths of ≈10 µm in the DTs as well as scarce remineralization of demineralized dentin matrix. Herein, polyelectrolyte‐calcium complexes pre‐precursor (PCCP) process is proposed for managing DH that demineralized dentin with exposed DTs is rubbed with ultrahighly concentrated polyelectrolyte‐calcium suspension (4 g L−1‐5.44 m) followed by phosphate solution (3.25 m), each 10 min, leading to heavy remineralization of demineralized dentin and compact occlusion of the DTs over 200 µm after 1 day of in vitro and in vivo incubation. For the first time, it is demonstrated that the PCCP process relies on the pH‐dependent electrostatic attraction between electropositive polyelectrolyte‐calcium complexes and electronegative inwalls of DTs comprised of collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite crystals under alkaline condition. The PCCP process might shed light on a promising dentin desensitizing strategy for DH management via rapid in‐depth DT occlusion and remineralization of demineralized dentin.
Influence of Water Content on Speciation and Phase Formation in Zr–Porphyrin‐Based MOFs
Authors: Koschnick Charlotte , Terban Maxwell W. , Canossa Stefano , Etter Martin , Dinnebier Robert E. , Lotsch Bettina V.
Published: March 2023

Controlled synthesis of phase‐pure metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their application in technological areas such as catalysis or gas sorption. Yet, knowledge of their phase formation and growth remain rather limited, particularly with respect to species such as water whose vital role in MOF synthesis is often neglected. As a consequence, synthetic protocols often lack reproducibility when multiple MOFs can form from the same metal source and linker, and phase mixtures are obtained with little or no control over their composition. In this work, the role of water in the formation of the Zr–porphyrin MOF disordered PCN‐224 (dPCN‐224) is investigated. Through X‐ray total scattering and scanning electron microscopy, it is observed that dPCN‐224 forms via a metal–organic intermediate that consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters linked by tetrakis(4‐carboxy‐phenyl)porphyrin molecules. Importantly, water is not only essential to the formation of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters, but it also plays a primary role in dictating the formation kinetics of dPCN‐224. This multidisciplinary approach to studying the speciation of dPCN‐224 provides a blueprint for how Zr‐MOF synthesis protocols can be assessed and their reproducibility increased, and highlights the importance of understanding the role of water as a decisive component in Zr‐MOF formation.
Trans‐Reflective Structural Color Filters Assisting Multifunctional‐Integrated Semitransparent Photovoltaic Window
Authors: Liang Ningning , Tian Ruiqi , Xu Ye , Yao Huifeng , Yang Hua , Wei Yi , Xin Xia , Chen Ruixiang , Zhai Tianrui , Wang Zhaohui , Hou Jianhui
Published: March 2023

Multifunction‐integrated semitransparent organic photovoltaic cells (STOPVs), with high power generation, colorful transmittance/reflectance, excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection, and thermal insulation, are fully in line with the concept of architectural aesthetics and photoprotection characteristics for building‐integrated photovoltaic‐window. For the indelible rainbow color photovoltaic window, one crucial issue is to realize the integration of these photons‐ and photoelectric‐related multifunction. Herein, dynamic transmissive and reflective structural color controllable filters, with asymmetrical metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) configurations (20 nm‐Ag‐HATCN‐30 nm‐Ag) through machine learning, are deliberately designed for colorful STOPV devices. This endows the resultant integrated devices with ≈5% enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) than the bare‐STOPVs, gifted UV (300–400 nm) blocking rates as high as 93.5, 94.1, 90.2, and 94.5%, as well as a superior infrared radiation (IR) (700‐1400 nm) rejection approaching 100% for transparent purple‐, blue‐, green‐ and red‐STOPV cells, respectively. Most importantly, benefiting from the photonic recycling effect beyond microcavity resonance wavelength, a reported quantum utilization efficiency (QUE) as high as 80%, is first presented for the transparent‐green‐STOPVs with an ultra‐narrow bandgap of 1.2 eV. These asymmetrical Febry‐Pérot transmissive and reflective structural color filters can also be extended to silicon‐ and perovskite‐based optoelectric devices and make it possible to integrate additional target optical functions for multi‐purpose optoelectric devices.
Target‐Driven Design of Deep‐UV Nonlinear Optical Materials via Interpretable Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Mengfan , Tikhonov Evgenii , Tudi Abudukadi , Kruglov Ivan , Hou Xueling , Xie Congwei , Pan Shilie , Yang Zhihua
Published: March 2023

The development of a data‐driven science paradigm is greatly revolutionizing the process of materials discovery. Particularly, exploring novel nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with the birefringent phase‐matching ability to deep‐ultraviolet (UV) region is of vital significance for the field of laser technologies. Herein, a target‐driven materials design framework combining high‐throughput calculations (HTC), crystal structure prediction, and interpretable machine learning (ML) is proposed to accelerate the discovery of deep‐UV NLO materials. Using a dataset generated from HTC, an ML regression model for predicting birefringence is developed for the first time, which exhibits a possibility of achieving fast and accurate prediction. Essentially, crystal structures are adopted as the only known input of this model to establish a close structure‐property relationship mapping birefringence. Utilizing the ML‐predicted birefringence which can affect the shortest phase‐matching wavelength, a full list of potential chemical compositions based on an efficient screening strategy is identified. Further, eight structures with good stability are discovered to show potential applications in the deep‐UV region, owing to their promising NLO‐related properties. This study provides a new insight into the discovery of NLO materials and this design framework can identify desired materials with high performances in the broad chemical space at a low computational cost.
Reversible Thermochromic Bismuth Iodide Enabled by Self‐Adjustment
Authors: Wen Rui , Wang Yanyan , Ma Xinjie , Yan Yikun , Ma Qi , Gao Jinpeng , Sun Huaming , Huang Hao , Gao Ziwei
Published: March 2023

Light‐harvesting materials with dynamical management of light transmittance hold great promise in smart photovoltaics (PV). Here, a novel organic–inorganic halide, MVBi2I8 (MV = methyl viologen cation), exhibiting reversible thermochromism and constant bandgap of ≈1.65 eV over a wide temperature range of 77–453 K, is presented as a candidate. The compound consists of 0D (Bi4I16)4– clusters and MV2+ cations. And the adjacent (Bi4I16)4– clusters are in touch with each other, forming a 3D interaction for the inorganic part. The experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the ionic and covalent interactions in the crystal undergo a self‐adjusting process in response to temperature changes. The self‐adjustment and electron transfer between inorganic clusters and organic cations enable excellent reversible thermochromism and constant narrow bandgaps over a wide temperature range, which is expected for smart PV windows integrated with information displays and potentially other technologies.
Mg–B–Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Negligible Incubation Time for Hydrogen Release
Authors: Satya Aditya Marla V. V. , Panda Srikanta , Kutiyar Sanket , Tatiparti Sankara Sarma V.
Published: March 2023

Depleting fossil fuels and greenhouse emissions render hydrogen (H) a promising alternative for powering automobiles. MgH2 with its promising H‐weight capacity ≈7.6 wt% can be used for this purpose. However, it exhibits long incubation times with no significant H‐release during the early stages. The present Mg–B–reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites can reduce such incubation time drastically. Herein, Mg, rGO, and elemental B as a light weight catalyst at various proportions (viz. B/C (from rGO) weight ratios of 0, 0.09, 0.22, 0.36, and 0.90) are used to synthesize Mg–B–rGO nanocomposites by ball milling. They are eventually subjected to hydrogen uptake at ≈320 °C and PH2 ≈ 15 bar followed by H‐release in vacuum. The nanocomposite with B/C ≈ 0.22 exhibits remarkably negligible incubation time (≈43 s) vis‐à‐vis ≈11 min by B/C = 0. This B/C ≈ 0.22 nanocomposite experiences charge (electron) transfer from Mg and B to C, located external to MgH2 unit cell. This causes Mg←H→B “Tug‐of‐war” within MgH2 unit cell, containing B in its interstitials (due to ball milling) and shrinking it. This leads to “structural catalysis” of H‐release, understood by X‐ray photoelectron, valence band, Raman spectra, and novel electron density maps. These novel materials can alleviate the need for activation cycles for their application.
Polyphotosensitizer‐Based Nanoparticles with Michael Addition Acceptors Inhibiting GST Activity and Cisplatin Deactivation for Enhanced Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhao Qinxin , Liang Ganghao , Guo Boda , Wang Wenkuan , Yang Chao , Chen Dong , Yang Feiya , Xiao Haihua , Xing Nianzeng
Published: March 2023

Glutathione S‐transferase (GST), which is a key enzyme in the conjugation reaction of glutathione (GSH), is overexpressed in cancer cells, leading to cisplatin deactivation and ultimately drug resistance. In addition, many tumors are immune “cold tumors,” limiting the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polyphotosensitizer‐based nanoparticle (NP2) with Michael addition acceptors inhibiting GST activity and cisplatin deactivation is designed. Under the 808 nm light irradiation, on the one hand, the Michael addition acceptor in NP2 can react with GST and inhibit its activity, thereby decreasing the GSH conjugation and reducing the GSH‐mediated deactivation of cisplatin and improving its chemotherapeutic effect. On the other hand, NP2+L induces more ROS production in prostate tumor cells, which can further induce type II immunogenic cell death (ICD) and stimulate a stronger antitumor immune response. It is found that NP2 under the 808 nm light irradiation (NP2+L) can increase PD‐L1 expression on the surface of prostate cancer cells. Subsequently, NP2+L combined with PD‐L1 treatment is found to simultaneously enhance the efficacies of chemotherapy and photodynamic immunotherapy in prostate tumors, providing a new paradigm for the clinical multimodal treatment of tumors.
Long‐term outcomes in ALG13‐Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation
Authors: Shah Rameen , Johnsen Christin , Pletcher Beth A. , Edmondson Andrew C. , Kozicz Tamas , Morava Eva
Published: March 2023

ALG13‐CDG is a rare X‐linked disorder of N‐linked glycosylation. Given the lack of long‐term outcome data in ALG13‐CDG, we collected natural history data and reviewed individuals surviving to young adulthood with confirmed pathogenic variants in ALG13 in our own cohort and in the literature. From the 14 ALG13‐CDG patients enrolled into our Frontiers of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Consortium natural history study only two patients were older than 16 years; one of these two females is so far unreported. From the 52 patients described in the medical literature with confirmed pathogenic variants in ALG13 only five patients were older than 16 years (all females), in addition to the new, unreported patient from our natural history study. Two male patients have died due to ALG13‐CDG, and there were no surviving males older than 16 years with a confirmed ALG13‐CDG diagnosis. Our adolescent and young adult cohort of six patients presented with epilepsy, muscular hypotonia, speech, and developmental delay. Intellectual disability was present in all female patients with ALG13‐CDG. Unreported features included ataxia, neuropathy, and severe gastrointestinal symptoms requiring G/J tube placement. In addition, two patients from our natural history study developed unilateral hearing loss. Skeletal abnormalities were found in four patients, including osteopenia and scoliosis. Major health problems included persistent seizures in three patients. Ketogenic diet was efficient for seizures in three out of four patients. Although all patients were mobile, they all had severe communication problems with mostly absent speech and were unable to function without parental support. In summary, long‐term outcome in ALG13‐CDG includes gastrointestinal and skeletal involvement in addition to a chronic, mostly non‐progressive neurologic phenotype.
Assessing the distribution of mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) in the Brazilian Amazon to guide more effective conservation
Authors: Cardoso Mylena Neves , Shimano Yulie , Cruz Paulo Vilela , Boldrini Rafael , Mariano Rodolfo , Nessimian Jorge Luiz , Molineri Carlos , Salles Frederico Falcão , de Andrade André Felipe Alves , De Marco Paulo , Juen Leandro
Published: March 2023

Environmental changes are increasingly frequent, resulting in adverse impacts on biodiversity. These effects are more harmful when superimposed on areas of high biodiversity such as the Amazon region, in which the gaps in knowledge of the number of existing species and how they are distributed.

This article reviews the known geographical distributions of Ephemeroptera in the Brazilian Amazon based on the current uneven sampling effort to identify which species and biodiversity hotspots are poorly protected, and where more work is required to address the conservation needs of this group.

A sampling effort index was created to identify which areas have the highest potential mayfly richness and the greatest concentration of knowledge gaps. The mayfly records were combined with environmental variables to generate predictive models of the areas suitable for mayflies using species distribution modelling, and species that lack protection in conservation units and indigenous territories were indicated as priorities for future inventories. Caenis pflugfelderi, Microphlebia surinamensis, Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus and Tricorythodes sp. nov. were identified as threatened in the Brazilian Amazon given that they were recorded in an unprotected area of intense land use with a restricted potential distribution.

Mayflies have been recorded in only 5% of the Brazilian Amazon biome. The model indicated a greater diversity in the northern and north‐eastern Amazon. The sampling effort index indicated a total area of 46,225 km2 in mayfly biodiversity not protected by conservation units or indigenous territories.

This study raises awareness of the importance of intensifying studies of Ephemeroptera in the Brazilian Amazon, and demonstrates that the conservation units or indigenous territories do not protect many species.
Modifizierte Prüfverfahren zur baustellengerechten Bestimmung der Klebrigkeit von Frischbetonen
Authors: Weiß Maximilian , Przondziono Robin , Breitenbücher Rolf
Published: March 2023

Für die Bewertung der Verarbeitbarkeit von Frischbetonen ist die gängige Konsistenzprüfung (Ausbreitmaß, Verdichtungsmaß) in den meisten Fällen ausreichend. In bestimmten Fällen, z. B. bei einer anschließenden Oberflächenbearbeitung (Flügelglätten), zeigte sich in der Praxis vielfach, dass Frischbetone mit bestimmten PCE‐Fließmitteln klebriger sind als andere, wodurch die Bearbeitung der Oberfläche durch maschinelles Flügelglätten erheblich erschwert werden kann. Demzufolge wäre es hilfreich, wenn bereits bei der Frischbetonprüfung auf der Baustelle weitergehende quantitative Informationen zur Klebrigkeit des Frischbetons generiert werden könnten. Im Rahmen umfangreicher Versuchsreihen wurden zur praxisgerechten Erfassung der dafür relevanten rheologischen Eigenschaften der Frischbetone zum einen der konventionelle Ausbreitversuch modifiziert (gestuftes Ausbreitmaß) und zum anderen ein Kugeleinsinkversuch weiterentwickelt.
Fuel‐dependent, shape‐selective, distinct blue and green photoluminescence from α‐Bi2O3 and β‐Bi2O3 synthesised using microwave combustion
Authors: Bashir Aamir , Mestry Sriraj S. , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind , Bhaduri Gaurav A.
Published: March 2023

In the current study, α‐Bi2O3 and β‐Bi2O3 were synthesised using a one‐step, novel, solid–solid combustion technique. The reaction rate was increased with the use of microwaves (molecular heating) compared to direct or indirect heating. A strong relationship was observed between the fuel, polymorphic structure, shape and optical properties of the synthesised Bi2O3. Photoluminescence studies reveal that two major visible emissions are observed for all samples. The two emissions are distinct with a broad peak in blue and a narrow peak in green. The intensity of the green characteristic emission depends strongly on the heating method used for synthesis and is more intense for microwave‐synthesised samples.
The role of industry 4.0‐enabled data‐driven shared platform as an enabler of product‐service system in the context of circular economy: A systematic literature review and future research directions
Authors: Atif Sehrish
Published: March 2023

The integration of innovative technologies creates a circular economy (CE) system that enhances the value and legitimacy of their trade. Recently, many global industries have shifted their focus towards product‐service system (PSS) to perpetuate in today's competitive market without negatively influencing the environmental detrition and retaining the extended producer responsibility (EPR). Thus, this study will advance an understanding of how I4.0 technologies derivate renewables from waste to create sustainable energy sources rather than consuming virgin resources (normally considered a linear model) from a data management and product lifecycle perspective. This research used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to analyse and categorise a literature survey of 126 research articles published over the years (2013–2022). The analysis indicates that the early research is mostly focused on defining the key variables (CE, I4.0 and PSS) and developing various frameworks to promote eco‐efficient services and sustainable development using I4.0 technologies and is engineering focused. It is established that two propositions leverage CE; the first one is value co‐creation, which enhances perceived value. In contrast, the other one is related to the application of data‐driven platforms using I4.0 technologies for sculpting the strategy and other decision support. More studies need to be analysing CE, I4.0 and PSS. To support researchers, managers and policymakers, this study has analysed the applicability of theoretical propositions regarding the application of I4.0 technologies with CE and PSS and presented a theoretical framework for the I4.0‐enabled share platform that may be tested using empirical data.
Economic evaluations of mental health interventions in criminal justice
Authors: Knapp Martin , Wong Gloria
Published: March 2023

Background

Mental health interventions targeting crime perpetrators are available. An overview of the current scenario of their economic benefits will help policy decisions.

Aim

To provide an update on economic evidence for mental health interventions in criminal justice, and to identify challenges and responses in using economic evidence to inform policy.

Method

Narrative review with an analysis frame that organises evidence around four points on the criminal justice system pathway: (a) point of contact; (b) post‐arrest; (c) incarceration/punishment and (d) post‐incarceration.

Results

There is a paucity of high‐quality economic evidence, especially from cost‐benefit analyses. However, there is some evidence of cost‐effectiveness in support of interventions at the point of incarceration, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, multisystemic therapy for juvenile delinquents, therapeutic communities, electronic monitoring and telepsychiatry in forensic psychiatry settings. There is also evidence that post‐incarceration interventions such as assertive community treatment can be cost‐effective.

Conclusion

There remain large evidence gaps. There are also challenges in turning economic evidence on mental health interventions in criminal justice into policy changes and improved practice, such as hidden costs, silo budgeting and delayed pay‐off. Research incorporating multi‐sectoral costs and benefits recommended by health economics and health technology assessment groups should be prioritised to support difficult resource allocation decisions faced by policy makers.
Balancing sub‐reaction activity to boost electrocatalytic urea synthesis using a metal‐free electrocatalyst
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Shuang , Zhu Xiaorong , Bo Shuowen , Cheng Kai , He Nihan , Qiu Mengyi , Xie Chao , Song Dezhong , Liu Youzhen , Chen Wei , Li Yafei , Liu Qinghua , Li Conggang , Wang Shuangyin
Published: March 2023

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis via coupling of nitrate with CO2 is considered as a promising alternative to the industrial urea synthetic process. However, the requirement of sub‐reaction (NO3RR and CO2RR) activities for efficient urea synthesis is not clear and the related reaction mechanisms remain obscure. Here, the construction, breaking, and rebuilding of the sub‐reaction activity balance would be accompanied by the corresponding regulation in urea synthesis, and the balance of sub‐reaction activities was proven to play a vital role in efficient urea synthesis. With rational design, a urea yield rate of 610.6 mg h−1 gcat.−1 was realized on the N‐doped carbon electrocatalyst, superior to that of noble‐metal electrocatalysts. Based on the operando SR‐FTIR measurements, we proposed that urea synthesis arises from the coupling of *NO and *CO to generate the key intermediate of *OCNO. This work provides new insights and guidelines into urea synthesis from the aspect of activity balance.
Facile Synthesis of Amino Acid Decorated Water‐Soluble Fullerene Derivatives with Anti‐influenza Activity†
Authors: Bolshakova Valeriya S. , Sinegubova Ekaterina O. , Esaulkova Yana L. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Khakina Ekaterina A. , Slesarenko Nikita A. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Zarubaev Vladimir V. , Troshin Pavel A. , Kraevaya Olga A.
Published: March 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we present a facile synthesis of amide‐type water‐soluble fullerene derivatives decorated with five residues of amino acids. As compared to the previously developed approaches, the proposed method enables usage of a broad range of amino acids, including those unstable under Friedel‐Crafts reaction conditions. Furthermore, it is fully tolerant to the nature of the sixth addend X in C60R5X precursor compounds and allows one to obtain fullerene derivatives with X=Cl, H, alkyl. The synthesized amide‐type water‐soluble fullerene derivatives demonstrated promising antiviral activities against rimantadine‐resistant influenza А/Puerto Rico/8/34 (Н1N1) virus in vitro.
Chronic health conditions among long‐term survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer: A comparison of outcomes in Israel and the United States
Authors: Hayek Samah , Libresco Gilad , Barda Noam , Chao Chun , Xu Lanfang , Cannavale Kimberly L. , Izraeli Shai , Armenian Saro H.
Published: March 2023

Background

There is a paucity of information on health outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors living outside North America and Europe. This study compared outcomes in AYA cancer survivors in Israel with individuals without cancer and similar demographics and access to health care, and to AYA cancer survivors living in the United States.

Methods

This study included 12,674 2‐year survivors of AYA (aged 15–39 years) cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 at Clalit Health Services (CHS) in Israel. CHS participants without cancer (N = 50,696) were matched 4:1 to survivors on age, sex, ethnicity, and membership duration. Poisson regression was used to determine incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for chronic conditions. The US Kaiser Permanente Southern California AYA cohort (N = 6778) was used to estimate weighted (age, sex) standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for CHS survivors.

Results

CHS AYA cancer survivors were more likely to have any chronic condition (IRR, 1.6 95% CI, 1.5–1.7), compared with participants without cancer. Survivors had an increased risk across nearly all conditions examined, with especially elevated risks for osteoporosis (IRR, 4.7; 95% CI, 4.1–5.5) and cardiomyopathy (IRR, 4.2 95% CI, 3.4–5.3). Compared with the Kaiser Permanente Southern California cohort, CHS survivors had an overall lower (SIR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.65–0.72) incidence of developing any health condition, with noticeably lower incidence of hyperlipidemia (SIR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.64–0.75).

Conclusion

AYA cancer survivors in Israel are at increased risk for developing chronic conditions compared with individuals without cancer, but the overall incidence was lower than in US survivors. These findings may allow for refinement of surveillance recommendations for AYA survivors, taking into consideration regional differences in sociodemographic characteristics and cancer care.

Plain language summary

The burden of chronic conditions was consistently greater in Israeli adolescent and young adult cancer survivors compared with individuals without cancer, with clear differences in risk of specific conditions by cancer diagnosis.

However, the overall incidence of chronic conditions in Israeli survivors was generally lower than in US survivors.
Application of Ion Chromatography for the Reliable Quantification of Ammonium in Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Experiments: A Practical Guide
Authors: Bragulla Sebastian C. H. , Lorenz Julian , Harms Corinna , Wark Michael , Friedrich K. Andreas
Published: March 2023

Assessing novel electrocatalysts for the electrochemical ammonia synthesis (EAS) requires reliable quantitative trace analysis of electrochemically produced ammonia to infer activity and selectivity. This study concerns the development of an ion chromatography (IC) method for quantitative trace analysis of ammonium in 0.1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte, which is applied to EAS gas‐diffusion electrode (GDE) experiments with commercial chromium nitride as electrocatalyst. The developed IC method is highly sensitive, versatile, and reliable, achieving a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 6 μg l−1 (6 ppbmol) ammonium. The impacts of the sample matrix, dilution, and neutralization, as well as contamination, on the quantitative analysis by IC are analyzed. Experimental constraints result in an effective LOQ including dilution of 60 μg l−1 for the determination of ammonium in 0.1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte, owing to necessary sample dilution. The practical guide presented herein is intended to be very relevant for the field of EAS as a guideline and applicable to a broad range of catalyst systems and ion chromatography devices.
The medulla controls effector primed γδT‐cell development in the adult mouse thymus
Authors: James Kieran D. , White Andrea J. , Jenkinson William E. , Anderson Graham
Published: March 2023

γδT cells are produced in the thymus throughout life and provide immunity at epithelial‐rich sites. Unlike conventional αβT cells, γδT‐cell development involves intrathymic acquisition of effector function, with priming for either IL17 or IFN‐γ production occurring during embryonic or adult life, respectively. How the thymus controls effector‐primed γδT‐cell generation in adulthood is poorly understood. Here, we distinguished de novo γδT cells from those undergoing thymus recirculation and/or retention using Rag2GFP mice alongside markers of maturation/effector priming including CD24, CD25, CD73, and IFN‐γ, the latter by crossing with IFN‐γYFP GREAT mice. We categorize newly developing γδT‐cells into an ordered sequence where CD25+CD73−IFN‐γYFP− precursors are followed sequentially by CD25−CD73+IFN‐γYFP− intermediates and CD25−CD73+IFN‐γYFP+ effectors. To determine intrathymic requirements controlling this sequence, we examined γδT‐cell development in Relb−/− thymus grafts that lack medullary microenvironments. Interestingly, medulla deficiency did not alter CD25+ γδT‐cell precursor generation, but significantly impaired development of effector primed stages. This impact on γδT‐cell priming was mirrored in plt/plt mice lacking the medullary chemoattractants CCL19 and CCL21, and also Ccl21a−/− but not Ccl19−/− mice. Collectively, we identify the medulla as an important site for effector priming during adult γδT‐cell development and demonstrate a specific role for the medullary epithelial product CCL21 in this process.
Hybrid dingo and whale optimization algorithm‐based optimal load balancing for cloud computing environment
Authors: Ramya K. , Ayothi Senthilselvi
Published: March 2023

Cloud computing is the most rapidly growing technology that facilitates virtualized computer resources to the users through its service providers. Load balancing and task scheduling is the important concern in the cloud computing scenario from the service provider point of view. The process of load balancing is responsible for allocating the dynamic workload among the cloud systems, such that equal sharing of the resources without the virtual machines (VMs) being overloaded or underloaded. This load balancing process not only needs to allocate the tasks to suitable VMs but also need to maintain trade‐off among VMs. Thus, a potential dynamic and optimized load balancing strategy is essential for improving resource utilization, services, reliability, and throughput by maintaining equilibrium between VMs with minimized makespan. In this article, hybrid dingo and whale optimization algorithm‐based load balancing mechanism (HDWOA‐LBM) is proposed for effective load balancing those aids in maximized throughput, reliability, and resource utilization in the clouds. This HDWOA‐LBM is proposed by mimicking the hunting characteristics of dingo (equivalent to tasks) and VMs as their prey to be hunted. It inherited the process of exploration and exploitation through the chasing and approaching, encircling, and harassing inherent with dingo optimization algorithm (DOA) to determine the optimal allocation of incoming tasks to the suitable VM. In specific, it utilized the merits of whale optimization for improving the exploitation phase of DOA to balance the trade‐off between local and global search. The simulation experiments of the proposed HDWOA‐LBM conducted using CloudSim confirmed better throughput of 21.28%, maximized reliability of 25.42%, minimized makespan of 22.98%, and improved resource allocation of 20.86%, on par with the competitive intelligent load balancing schemes used for investigation.
Psychometric approaches to defining cognitive phenotypes in the Old Order Amish
Authors: Zaman Andrew , Caywood Laura , Prough Michael , Clouse Jason , Harrington Sharlene , Adams Larry , Fuzzell Denise , Fuzzell Sarada , Laux Renee , Hochstetler Sherri D. , Ogrocki Paula , Lerner Alan , Vance Jeffery M. , Haines Jonathan L. , Scott William K. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Cuccaro Michael L.
Published: March 2023

Objective

Memory and cognitive problems are central to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Psychometric approaches to defining phenotypes can aid in identify genetic variants associated with AD. However, these approaches have mostly been limited to affected individuals. Defining phenotypes of both affected and unaffected individuals may help identify genetic variants associated with both AD and healthy aging. This study compares psychometric methods for developing cognitive phenotypes that are more granular than clinical classifications.

Methods

682 older Old Order Amish individuals were included in the analysis. Adjusted Z‐scores of cognitive tests were used to create four models including (1) global threshold scores or (2) memory threshold scores, and (3) global clusters and (4) memory clusters. An ordinal regression examined the coherence of the models with clinical classifications (cognitively impaired [CI], mildly impaired [MI], cognitively unimpaired), APOE‐e4, sex, and age. An ANOVA examined the best model phenotypes for differences in clinical classification, APOE‐e4, domain Z‐scores (memory, language, executive function, and processing speed), sex, and age.

Results

The memory cluster identified four phenotypes and had the best fit (χ2 = 491.66). Individuals in the worse performing phenotypes were more likely to be classified as CI or MI and to have APOE‐e4. Additionally, all four phenotypes performed significantly differently from one another on the domains of memory, language, and executive functioning.

Conclusions

Memory cluster stratification identified the cognitive phenotypes that best aligned with clinical classifications, APOE‐e4, and cognitive performance We predict these phenotypes will prove useful in searching for protective genetic variants.
Cognitive reserve and dementia risk management in people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Allen Andrew P. , McGlinchey Eimear , Fallon Marianne , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary
Published: March 2023

Key Points

Dementia risk is elevated in people with intellectual disability, particularly for those with Down syndrome

Differences in lifestyle factors have been cited as factors that exacerbate dementia risk in people with intellectual disability

Lifestyle factors can be targeted to enhance cognitive reserve and reduce dementia risk for people with intellectual disability