bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid
Authors: Ballentine Michael D , Embry Elizabeth G , Garcia Marco A , Hill Lawrence J
Published: March 2019

The current study investigates whether metal deposition onto an existing nanorod can be carried out using an ionic liquid, and the effect this has on catalytic performance. Platinum, gold, and silver nanoparticles were deposited onto CdSe@CdS (core@shell) nanorods from metal salts in an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) without additional surfactants or reducing agents. Photocatalytic dye degradation experiments showed that catalysts with platinum particles deposited using the ionic liquid out-performed similar materials synthesized using organic solvents and ligands. We concluded that metal particles can be deposited onto well-defined semiconductor nanorods using ionic liquids and metal salts without the need for additional reagents, and the deposited particles did not cause significant aggregation even when these materials were taken into organic media. It is possible that a broad range of metal/semiconductor heterostructured particles can be prepared using the methods reported here.
Childhood obesity – are we dealing with it appropriately?
Authors: Sathiadas M. G.
Published: March 2019

Obesity in children is on the rise and many countries have taken initial steps to prevent this epidemic. According to the theory of epigenetics the risk of obesity can be passed from one generation to the next, because of behavioural and/ or biological factors. Over the last years there has been more interest to explain the trans-generational diseases with the theory of epigenetics. Identifying an underlying cause for obesity is important but majority of the time it is the change in lifestyle. Early diagnosis and the metabolic derangements associated with obesity have to be detected in a timely manner. The body fat mass is a better predictor of the metabolic derangement when compared to the BMI. Measurement of BMI is practical and cost effective in our set up. Clinicians are encouraged to screen all children from 6 to 18 years old for obesity by making BMI measurements part of usual care. Physicians should also be talking with parents, many of whom do not realize when a child is obese and offer comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions. The behavioural interventions are mainly life style modification and motivation.
Marx and Keynes: from exploitation to employment
Authors: Helmedag Fritz
Published: March 2019

Marx's and Keynes's analyses of capitalism complement each other well. In a largely general model including the public sector and international trade it is shown that the labour theory of value provides a sound foundation to reveal the factors influencing employment. Workers buy ‘necessaries’ out of their disposable wages from an integrated basic sector, whereas the ‘luxury’ division's revenues spring from other sources of income. In order to maximize profits, the wage–good industry controls the level of unit labour costs. Ultimately, effective demand governs the volume of work. On this basis, implications for economic policy are outlined.
Editorial
Authors: Horno López Antonio , Lorenzo Hernández María
Published: March 2019

Editorial del noveno número de Con A de Animación.
Sara Carramiñana, o cómo salir de la zona de confort: realizando animación 3D en Japón
Authors: Carpizo de Diego Silvia
Published: March 2019

Sara Carramiñana (Calahorra, 1981), lleva más de cuatro años realizando animación en Japón. Licenciada en Arquitectura y con el Máster de Animación de la Universitat Politècnica de València, su cortometraje de fin de estudios, Death Scissors (2011) obtuvo el Premio Ibercaja de Animación y fue seleccionado en varios festivales en España y Sudamérica del Sur. Realizó sus primeras animaciones profesionales en Flash en Jam Media, una compañía de Belfast (Irlanda), para la serie Zig & Zag (2016-), emitida en Irlanda y Reino Unido. Pero el país del Sol Naciente le llamaba y finalmente cambió los tréboles por flores de cerezo, el “set dancing” por el “bon odori”, y el “bodhran” por el “taiko”. En Japón ha trabajado principalmente como animadora CGI para películas y series, algunas tan celebradas como Houseki no kuni (Kodansha, Toho, 2017-), que hace un espectacular uso de la animación 3D dándole un aspecto de animación dibujada. Sara nos cuenta su experiencia en Con A de animación.
Entrevista a José Luis Farias, director de 3D Wire - Animación, videojuegos y new media
Authors: Viñolo Locubiche Samuel
Published: March 2019

José Luis Farias Gómez (Madrid, 1979) se ha convertido en poco tiempo en una figura esencial para entender la evolución de la industria de la animación española en la última década, gracias a la enorme relevancia internacional de eventos como Mercado 3D Wire, Bridging the Gap, o más recientemente los Premios Iberoamericanos Quirino. Es asesor y colabora con diversas entidades y festivales internacionales como CARTOON, Annecy, Pixelatl, Festival de Animación de Medellín, ANIMATION! Ventana Sur, o la Universidad de Athens. A su vez, mantiene su faceta como productor a través de Paramotion Films, productora audiovisual creada en 2002 junto a Alfonso Fulgencio y dedicada a la producción de animación, la postproducción digital y la formación audiovisual. Esta entrevista, realizada por Samuel Viñolo para Con A de animación, se contestó desde Buenos Aires, donde José Luis Farias se encontraba asistiendo a la edición 2018 de ANIMATION! Ventana Sur.
Salivary Amylase as Potential Biochemical Marker in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Satish B , Kumar Prashant , Avanti S , Singh Shruti
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a major global health problem. Diagnosing and monitoring diabetes is the best way for its prevention, thus reducing the burden of disease. As saliva is easily available and accessible when compared with serum, salivary biomarkers have gained importance in recent years and, therefore, can be helpful in diagnosing the disease.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to estimate the salivary amylase level in patients with types I and II diabetes mellitus and to correlate these findings with those of nondiabetic individuals in order to ascertain its value as a biochemical indicator for diagnosing and monitoring the patients.

Materials and methods: Three groups of patients were selected for the present study. Group A: 20 nondiabetic, healthy individuals; group B: 20 type I diabetes mellitus patients; group C: 20 type II diabetes mellitus patients. Fasting and postprandial unstimulated saliva samples were collected and subjected for analysis of salivary amylase. Estimation of salivary amylase was determined by direct substrate method.

Results: The mean fasting salivary amylase level for types I and II diabetic and nondiabetic individuals was 245.60, 239.10, and 149 U/dL respectively, whereas the mean postprandial salivary amylase was 257.35, 246.15, and 154.2 U/dL respectively. The mean value of variables was compared using Student's t test and one-way analysis of variance test.

Conclusion: The mean salivary amylase level was significantly increased in both types I and II diabetic individuals as compared with healthy nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the mean of types I and II diabetic patients.
On a positive solution for $(p,q)$-Laplace equation with Nonlinear
Authors: Zerouali Abdellah , Karim Belhadj , Chakrone Omar , Boukhsas Abdelmajid
Published: March 2019

In the presentp aper, we study the existence and non-existence results of a positive solution for the Steklov eigenvalue problem driven by nonhomogeneous operator $(p,q)$-Laplacian with indefinite weights. We also prove that in the case where $\mu>0$ and with $1<q
0$ there exists an interval of principal eigenvalues for our Steklov eigenvalue problem.
Evaluation of a Home Urinalysis Kit in Dogs
Authors: Krimer Paula M. , Tanner Matthew Cole , Camus Melinda S.
Published: March 2019

Dry reagent strip evaluation of urine is a standard screening and diagnostic test used to assess overall health and help detect or rule out specific disease conditions. A commercial at-home urinalysis reagent strip kit using a smartphone app to evaluate free-catch urine is being marketed directly to dog and cat owners. We compared agreement between simultaneous urinalysis using the commercial kit and standard reference methods in 48 canine urines submitted to our referral laboratory. Agreement was defined by analyte based on clinical impact. Sensitivity, specificity, and Cohen’s kappa evaluated categorical data, and a paired t test was used for continuous variables (significance P < .05). The commercial kit had ≥1 disagreement with the reference method per sample and produced results if the test strip was absent or reversed. Specific gravity and pH concurred with the reference method in only 31% (P < .011) and 27% (P < .001) of cases, respectively. The sensitivity was low for all analytes except ketones, which had 77% false positives. False-positive nitrites and leukocytes were also frequent (36 and 19%, respectively). False negatives for blood (27%), nitrites (38%), and protein (54%) were common. This kit is inaccurate; its use for clinical decisions is not recommended.
Knowledge of and opinion on organ transplantation among priests of selected Christian religion
Authors: Grochala M. , Boratyński W.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: As Polish society is in its majority Christian, the knowledge and attitudes presented by priests may have a tangible impact on Church mem-bers’ decisions concerning organ donation. Purpose: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and decisions of priests of various Christian denomina-tions regarding organ transplants in Poland. Materials and methods: The paper presents the re-sults of a study carried out in the form of a question-naire survey of 86 priests. Survey participants in-cluded priests of 3 most common Christian denomi-nations in Poland: Catholic, Protestant and Eastern Orthodox. Results: Awareness of the current regulatory frame-work among the clergy is relatively low. Only a small percentage gave correct answers to questions about applicable laws regulating the matter of organ transplantation in Poland. Conclusions: Data gathered during the study implies a positive attitude among priests towards organ transplantation performed to save life and improve health. A vast majority of survey participants support the idea of transplantation. The problem is low awareness of existing documents and laws regulating organ transplantation.
Operative treatment of pressure ulcers using pedicled flaps
Authors: Bielecki M. , Bielecki P. , Żebrowski P. , Misiak B. , Lewko J
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To present the results of surgical treatment concerning pressure ulcers. Materials and methods: All patients underwent surgical treatment at the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic from 1997 to 2016. One operator performed the procedures. A total of 28 pressure ulcers were operated (25 patients). The clinical material consisted of 15 pressure ulcers located in the lower back area, six pressure ulcers located in the ischial area, three pressure ulcers located in the trochanteric area and four pressure ulcers located in the heel area. Results: One conducted the result evaluation based on the criteria of complications proposed by Seiler. In case of all surgically treated patients, pressure ulcers appeared after 2-5 weeks after the surgery. One patient experienced hematoma below the slide piece. One could observe seroma in case of 5 patients. In this situation, it was required to apply a local postoperative puncture. Four patients experienced marginal skin necrosis (2 of them required resection of dead skin edges in operating block conditions which were later re-stitched using “side to side” technique). During the 3-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of operated pressure ulcers. Conclusions: Deep septic pressure ulcers, according to the division introduced by Seiler, connected with bone infection require the application of muscular-skin pieces. This procedure is aimed at improving local tissue blood supply. Proper preoperative preparation of the patient, careful planning of the surgery and suitable postoperative treatment of the patient are as significant as the surgery itself.
Immunohistochemical Fascin-1 expression correlate with lymph node and distant metastases in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pryczynicz A , Nizioł M. , Miniewska K. , Kamińska D. , Kuczyńska P. , Zińczuk J. , Zaręba K , Guzińska-Ustymowicz K
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is characterized by its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Furthermore, mortality is one of the highest among all types of cancers. It has been observed that the expression of Fascin-1 (the actin-bundling protein which enables the motility of cells) is higher in cancer cells and is correlated with invasiveness and metastasis.
Purpose: To investigate the expression of Fascin-1 in histopathological specimens from patients treated for pancreatic cancer and its relationship with histopathological parameters.
Materials and methods: The study was performed on a group of 52 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the Medical University of Bialystok Clinical Hospital. The expression of Fascin-1 was evaluated in tissue samples using the immunohistochemical method and was rated as “present” or “absent”. The analysis of histopathological parameters was performed in correlation with Fascin-1 expression.
Results: Fascin-1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells in 42/52 cases (80.8%). Fascin-1 expression occurred more frequently among patients with lymph node metastases (92.6%) than without this type of metastases (68%) (p=0.024). Likewise, the expression of the investigated protein was observed more often with the presence of distant metastases (100%) than without those metastases (74.4%) (p=0.043). There were no statistically significant differences about age, sex, histological type of cancer, grade of histological differentiation, desmoplasia, inflammatory infiltration, foci of hemorrhage, necrosis, and MVD.
Conclusion: The expression of Fasicn-1 is correlated with the presence of metastases and can be a useful marker of pancreatic cancer involvement.
Ovarian cancer and inflammation. Part 2. Anti-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Terlikowska K.M. , Dobrzycka B , Terlikowski SJ
Published: March 2019

Inflammation plays a key role in epithelial ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and progression. The growth and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer may be due to local cytokine-induced immunosu-ppression, which may lead to an immunity impairment. Thus, cytokine antagonism may be an essential factor in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Based on the increased knowledge on the role of the immune system in ovarian cancer, major improvements are to be expected of immunotherapy based treatment of this disease. This article aims to summarize the current literature views on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation with a specific focus on anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Olanzapine Bağlı Obsesif-Kompülsif Semptomlar Oluşan Bir Capgras Sendromu Olgusu
Authors: EKMEN Betül Uyar
Published: March 2019

Capgras sendromu, kişinin kendisine yakın olan diğer

kişilerin, nesnelerin, kendisinin tıpatıp benzerleri ile değiştirildikleri

biçiminde sanrısal bir inanıştır. Bu sendrom daha çok şizofreni kavramı içinde

yer alır. Capgras sendromunun tedavisi; altta yatan bozukluğun tedavisidir.

Klozapin, risperidon, olanzapin ve ketiapin gibi tedavi için kullanılan atipik

antipsikotikler hastalarda obsesif kompülsif semptomlar meydana getirebilirler.

Bu durumda hastanın psikotik belirtileri mevcut tedaviden fayda görüyorsa

mevcut antipsikotik tedavi kesilmez. Bunun yerine serotonin geri-alım

inhibitörü ya da klomipramin gibi obsesif kompülsif belirtiler için etkili

başka bir grup ilaç eklenebilir. Bu yazıda olanzapin tedavisinden fayda gören

Capgras sendromu bulunan, şizofreni tanısı konmuş bir hastadan bahsedilmiştir.

Olanzapin tedavisi, hastada obsesif kompülsif semptomlar meydana getirmiştir.

Obsesif kompülsif belirtiler, Yale-Brown Obsesyon Kompulsiyon Derecelendirme

Ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Hasta olanzapinden fayda gördüğü için olanzapin

kesilmemiştir. Bunun yerine tedaviye fluoksetin eklenmiştir. Hastanın obsesif

kompülsif belirtileri tedaviye fluoksetin eklenmesiyle azalmıştır.
Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species
Authors: Kelly Michele , Cárdenas Paco , Rush Nicola , Sim-Smith Carina , Macpherson Diana , Page Mike , Bell Lori J.
Published: March 2019

Due to the possession of huge contort strongyles, and a lack of triaenes in an otherwise ‘astrophorine’ spicule complement, the phylogenetic position of the endemic, monospecific New Zealand sponge genus, Lamellomorpha Bergquist, 1968, has remained enigmatic. The genus was established within Jaspidae de Laubenfels, 1968 (in the abandoned order Epipolasida Sollas, 1888), but it was not until 2002 that the genus was transferred formally to Astrophorina Sollas, 1887, albeit incertae sedis, by Hooper & Maldonado (2002). In this study, we recognise specimens of Lamellomorpha from the Subantarctic New Zealand region and Chatham Rise, considered by Bergquist to be conspecific with the type species, L. strongylata Bergquist, 1968, first described from the Three Kings-Spirits Bay region of Northland, as the new species, L. australis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. These two species of Lamellomorpha have differences in external morphology and colour, skeletal architecture and spicules, natural products, geographical distribution, and depth ranges. Sequencing of the COI Folmer barcode/mini-barcode and of 28S (C1–C2 domains) of these two species suggests phylogenetic affinities of Lamellomorpha with the tetractinellid suborder Astrophorina and the family Vulcanellidae Cárdenas et al., 2011. Two Subantarctic New Zealand species of the vulcanellid genus Poecillastra Sollas, 1888, P. ducitriaena Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. and P. macquariensis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov., provide further support for the close relationship of Lamellomorpha and Poecillastra.
¿Semillas criollas que opinas sobre ellas? Un estudio sobre la percepción de los agricultores familiares del municipio de Saudade Iguaçu/ PR
Authors: Telles Carolini Dos Santos , Godoy Cristiane Maria Tonetto , Oliveira Paulo Henrique de , Vargas Thiago De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

In the current scenario loss of genetic variability is a serious problem, due to the current production model that recommends the use of genetically modified and hybrid seeds. In this sense, there are proposals for sustainable agricultural systems and production, one of the existing strategies to guarantee the food and environmental security of the populations is the use of creole seeds, opposing conventional production. The present article aims to address the perception of family farmers in the municipality of Saudade do Iguaçu, Paraná, in relation to the use and importance of creole seeds in the production of properties. To achieve this goal, the semi-structured interview technique was used with 26 family farmers. The results show that there are some cultivars of creole seeds in the rural properties, mainly the beans Creole. However, the farmers' perception of these seeds is still linked to the notion of low productivity, believing that commercial seeds are the best, allied to the application of agrochemicals. In this sense, it is important to demystify this perception created by the modernization of agriculture, so that sustainable rural development can be achieved.
Sustainable energy public policies planning: encouraging the production and use of renewable energies
Authors: Maciel Filho Plinio Nogueira , Alcócer Juan Carlos Alvarado , Pinto Olienaide Ribeiro de Oliveira , Dolibaina Lunie Imamura de Lima
Published: March 2019

This work analyses the model of energy production and the use of renewable energy in Brazil with a sustainable development point of view. In this regard, it is pointed out the production of renewable energy as an alternative solution to reduce expenses costs through initial investment in the implementation of an own energy generation model towards sustainability. The diversification of the energy matrix with clean and renewable sources in substitution of the energy model based on fossil energy sources, besides being environmentally correct, has a relevant national importance. In the methodological scope it is rational to leave this writing as a theoretical study, a qualitative approach and a technical bibliographic procedure. Some results, a priori, indicate that the use of alternative sources minimizes the consumption of conventional energy sources, which generates large degradation to the environment. Many of these alternative sources are plentiful in the country. Finally, we present some public policies that the Federal Government is implementing in Higher Education Federal Institutions (IFES) for the incentive and use of renewable energies.
El conexionismo
Authors: Fernández Trespalacios José Luis
Published: March 2019

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La aportación de Séneca al estoicismo romano
Authors: Suances Marcos Manuel
Published: March 2019

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Algo más de doscientos años de preocupación por la Naturaleza en Melilla y su tierra
Authors: González Bueno Antonio
Published: March 2019

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Desertización en África
Authors: Soria Pérez Manuel
Published: March 2019

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La lengua heredada y el uso que se hace de ella
Authors: Mohamed Laarbi Ali
Published: March 2019

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La Biblioteca de la Cámara Oficial de Comercio, Industria y Navegación de Melilla
Authors: Gallego Aranda Salvador
Published: March 2019

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Apuntes sobre el Nacionalismo en el Rif
Authors: Pérez González Ángel
Published: March 2019

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Reseñas
Authors: Barrio Fernández de Luco Claudio , Uchen Daniel , Vélez Rafael , Moga Romero Vicente , García Baena Pablo
Published: March 2019

1º RESEÑA de : Gozalbes Cravioto, Enrique. La Ciudad Antigua de Rusadir. Aportaciones a la Historia de Melilla en la Antigüedad. Melilla : Ayuntamiento. Servicio de Publicaciones, 1991. 2º RESEÑA de : Bravo Nieto, Antonio; Moga Romero, Vicente. Melilla, Imágenes de su Historia : Álbum de cromos. Melilla : Ayuntamiento, 1991. 3º RESEÑA de : Moga Romero, Vicente; Rodríguez Picazo, Julia; Reyes López, Amelia. Melilla. Las edades históricas de una ciudad mediterránea : Historia ilustrada de Melilla. Melilla : Ayuntamiento, 1991. 4º RESEÑA de : Carcaño Mas, Francisco. Melilla. Rifeñerías; Las Plazas Menores de África. Melilla : Ayuntamiento, 1991. 5º RESEÑA de : López-Casanova, Arcadio. Razón de Iniquidad. Melilla : Ayuntamiento-UNED, 1991.
La amenaza de las nuevas tecnologías en los negocios: el ciberespionaje empresarial
Authors: Fernández Díaz Carmen Rocío
Published: March 2019

La globalización de los mercados y la constante evoluciónde las nuevas tecnologías convierten cada vez más a la empresaen objeto de ataques cibernéticos. Uno de los más frecuentes yde los que más daños generan es el ciberespionaje, que conlleva unaviolación de la propiedad inmaterial de una empresa. El correctoabordaje de este delito, adaptado a las diferentes modalidades comisivas,en constante evolución, teniendo en cuenta sus diversas finalidadesy considerando aristas aún desconocidas en nuestro país,como la inteligencia competitiva, constituye un auténtico desafíopara el Derecho penal español. El presente trabajo estudia este delitoen nuestro país, desde un punto de vista crítico para detectar sus posiblescarencias y la necesidad de encontrar soluciones a las mismas,acudiendo para ello a la legislación, la jurisprudencia y la doctrinaespañolas, pero también considerando otras experiencias nacionales,como la de Italia, Alemania o Estados Unidos.Due to the market globalization and the constantevolution of new technologies, companies become more often theobject of cyber attacks. One of the most frequent and most damagingis cyberespionage, which involves a violation of the intangibleproperty of a company. The correct approach to this crime,adapted to the different manners in which it is committed, in constantevolution, constitutes an authentic challenge for Spanishcriminal law, if we consider its different purposes and areas thatare still unknown in our country, such as competitive intelligence.The present work studies this crime in our country from a criticalpoint of view to detect its possible failures, and also the needto find solutions for them. To do so, therefore have been consultedthe Spanish legislation, case-law and doctrine, but also analyzedother national experiences, like the one in Italy, Germany or theUnited States.
Perspectivas de la Ley de Segunda Oportunidad de la Persona Física
Authors: Montilla Arjona Luis
Published: March 2019

Transcurridos tres años desde la publicación de laLey 25/2015, de 28 de julio, de mecanismos de segunda oportunidad,reducción de la carga financiera y otras medidas de orden social,continúa existiendo gran desconocimiento tanto para el profesionalcomo para el profano de las posibilidades que ofrece, y lo quees más importante para el verdadero interesado: la persona física,empresario o no, con sobreendeudamiento y riesgo de insolvencia.Y cuando existen campañas de extensión de su contenido entre losprofesionales, para hacer que llegue al destinatario final, son otrasleyes y disposiciones de carácter local las que centran la atenciónaunque por motivos alejados de su finalidad, pero que han enseñadoque tras la situación de peligro de «muerte civil» por el estado de insolvencia,existen otras posibilidades, o realidades actuales, parahuir del riesgo de caer, hasta ahora irremediablemente, en la economíasumergida.Having transcurred three years since the publicationof the Law 25/2015, July 28th, about second chance mechanisms, reductionof financial burden and other social order measures, a greatignorance of its possibilities for both profesional and profane continuesto exist, and what is most important for the true interested:the natural person, entrepreneur or not, with overindebtedness anda risk of insolvency. And when campaigns for the extension of itscontents amongst professionals do exist, in order for it to arrive toits final adressee, other laws and dispositions of local character arethe ones that focus attention although due to reasons far from theirpurpose, but which have taught that after the situation of danger of«civil death» by a state of insolvency, other possibilities do exist, orcurrent realities, to evade the risk of falling, hopelessly until now, towardsthe submerged economy.
Reseña de: Gómez García, J.A., Derecho y Analogía, estudios de hermenéutica jurídica. Edt. UNED, 2017
Authors: De Borja Gallego Pérez De Sevilla Francisco
Published: March 2019

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Isolation of Microorganisms from Fermenting Parkia biglobosa in Kuje Market, Abuja
Authors: Makwin Makut Danladi , Anna Olatilu OluKemi
Published: March 2019

Lactic acid bacteria constitute one of the most abundant groups of microorganisms in most fermented food products across Nigeria. The biochemical signatures of these species make the ideal catalysts for a range of processing events with the food industry. This study was undertaken to isolate and screen for lactic acid bacteria strains obtainable from fermented Parkia biglobosa seeds purchased at a rural seed market in Abuja. Data obtained revealed that seven morphologically distinct bacteria isolates were obtained using antifungal induced (0.3 mg/ml Fluconazole) yeast extract, malt extract, peptone, glucose, agar media. The seven bacterial isolates were given the designations TEA, TEB, TEC, TED, TEF, TEJ, and TEL respectively. The obtained all but two isolates (TEB and TEL) were all capable of fermenting fructose, glucose, lactose, sucrose and trehalose as the sole carbon source in the broth. Morphological examination revealed that the isolates obtained were non-spore forming gram positive colonies ranging from creamy to white, clear, cocci and rod-shaped, smooth textured and flat elevation with transparent opacity. Their Growth measurements were determined by measuring the optical density of the cells in broth using spectrophotometer at 600nm over a 96 hour incubatory period in nutrient broth at 37oC. Isolate TEC displayed the highest overall growth pattern over the 24 hour period via optical density readout 1.85, 2.40, 2.65, 2.80. All isolates except TEB were negative for catalase and citrate, thereby suggesting that TEB was a specie of the Citrobacter family. All isolates tested negative for coagulase, indole and motility tests. Suggestions from the data obtained lean towards the use and suitability of the isolated bacteria as ideal cultures for commercial fermentation.
Pesticide Use Practices by Market Gardeners in the Santa Area of the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Abdulai A. N. , Konje C. N. , Achiri Tange Denis , Tarla D. N. , Nsobinenyui D.
Published: March 2019

Aims: This work aimed at establishing the different Garden crop pests and how farmers use different pesticides to manage these pests.

Place and duration of the Work: This work was carried out in Santa from January to March 2013

Methodology: The methodology involved the use of structured questionnaires which were administered to 120 farmers to obtain information on demographics, constraints to successful crop production, general farm system and agronomic practices, knowledge of insect pest problems, types of pesticides used, dosage and rate of application, and different pests crops suffered from. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test.

Results: The study indicates that majority of market gardeners in Santa community are males (70%) with ages from 30-39 and most of them are married (76%). Famers worked with relied on pesticides for pest control and did not dispose of empty pesticide containers properly such as throwing on the farm; use as drinking bowls and returned it to the pesticide vendors.

Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the pesticides used in pests and diseases control in vegetable production and health symptoms like stomach disorders, burns, and catarrh experienced by gardeners. A majority (94%) of farmers suffered from serious insect pest attacks on their farms and the most important pest was the cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) which affected (65%). A majority (96%) of farmers also reported diseases attacks with late blight (Phytophthora infestans) affecting more than four-fifth (81%) of the farms especially in the rainy season.
Determinants of Occupational Injury among Building Construction Employees in Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Lette Abate , Kumbi Musa , Hussen Abduljewad , Nuriye Shemsu
Published: March 2019

Introduction: An occupational injury is the primary cause of workplace absenteeism, disability, retirement, mutilation, and mortality. Therefore, injuries in the workplace pose major public health and developmental problems especially in developing countries. Therefore, the present study identified the prevalence of injury and its determinants among building construction employees in Robe town, Ethiopia.

Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among building construction employees in Robe town from March 01-25/2017. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The data was entered into EPiData 3.1and analysed by using SPSS version 20 software. Face to face interview was conducted on 402 respondents using structured and pretested questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the effect of explanatory variables on injuries.

Results: The overall prevalence of injury among building construction employees was 39.2% [95 % CI: (34.4, 44.2)] in the past one year. The three leading causes of injuries were falls from the same level (38.5%), followed by injuries caused by movable or falling object (23.1%), and falls from elevation (13.4%). Being male, use of personal protective equipment, health and safety training, regular supervision and job satisfaction were factors significantly associated with injury.

Conclusion: This study reported a relatively higher prevalence of injury among building construction workers compared to other studies. Factors such as being male, working without using personal protective equipment, absence of health and safety trainings, lack of regular supervision and job dissatisfaction were associated with significantly higher levels of occupational injury among construction workers. Therefore, employers should focus on providing safety training, promoting use of personal protective equipment during work, regular workplace supervision, and satisfying their employees by creating good work environments and working situations to reduce the rate of occupational injury.
Variable Fluid Properties and Thermal Radiation Effects on Natural Convection Couette Flow through a Vertical Porous Channel
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Bichi Yusuf A.
Published: March 2019

The present article investigates natural convection Couette flow through a vertical porous channel due to combined effects of thermal radiation and variable fluid properties. The fluid considered in the model is of an optically dense with all its physical properties assumed constant except for its viscosity and thermal conductivity which are temperature dependent. The flow equations are simplified using non-linear Rosseland heat diffusion and as a consequence it resulted to high non-linearity of the flow equations. Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is used to solve the emanating equations and the influences of the essential controlling physical parameters involved are presented on graphs, tables and were discussed. In the course of investigation; it was found that both the fluid velocity and its temperature within the channel were seen to increase with growing thermal radiation parameter while the fluid’s velocity and temperature were observed to descend with increase in thermal conduction of the fluid. Similarly; the fluid velocity was found to increase with decrease in the fluid viscosity.  To validate the accuracy of the present investigation; the results obtained here in have been compared with a published work where good agreement was found.
Psychosocial Characteristics, Training Attitudes and Well-being of Students: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Nor Norshaffika I. Zaiedy , Smith Andrew P.
Published: March 2019

Background: The first aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychosocial characteristics on four training attitudes (motivation to learn, learning, transfer intention and cognitive dissonance) and well-being. The second — and main — aim was to examine the impact of attitudes to training on individual levels of well-being.

Methodology: This study used a longitudinal approach comprising two phases of data collection. One-hundred and eighty first-year psychology students participated in Phase 1, and 95 students participated in both phases. The participants were required to complete a survey measuring various psychosocial characteristics (coping, personality, work characteristics, organisational citizenship behaviour [OCB] and commitment), four training attitudes and positive and negative well-being.

Results: The results showed that specific psychosocial characteristics, particularly the positive variables (positive coping, positive work characteristics, OCB, and commitment) had significant correlations with positive training attitudes (motivation to learn, learning, and transfer intention). In addition, motivation to learn, learning, and transfer intention had a significant positive correlation with positive well-being, while cognitive dissonance had a significant negative correlation with positive well-being. However, these relationships were no longer significant when other variables were included. Furthermore, it was revealed that personality and commitment were the stronger predictors for well-being. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed. 

Conclusions: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge, but more research is required to confirm the relationships between attitudes to training and well-being. Future research could also examine these relationships in more detail, especially in the context of specific training programmes.
Switchable Out‐of‐Plane Polarization in 2D LiAlTe2
Authors: Liu Zhun , Sun Yuanhui , Singh David J. , Zhang Lijun
Published: March 2019

Covalent‐polar semiconductors that show intrinsic 2D vertical polarization present new device opportunities. These materials differ from ordinary ferroelectrics in that they are able to maintain polarization normal to a surface even with an unscreened depolarization field. Identifying phases that exhibit intrinsic 2D vertical polarization is an ongoing challenge. Here the discovery of a new promising phase via computational material design, specifically 2D LiAlTe2, is reported. The design concept is developed from a physical understanding of 3D hyperferroelectric covalent polar semiconductors. A structure determination method combining a swarm intelligence algorithm and first‐principles calculations is used to identify energetically stable structures. In addition to the expected layered version of bulk LiAlTe2, β‐LiAlTe2, a novel 2D structure, γ‐LiAlTe2, is found. In this phase, the vertical dipole can be switched between 0.07 and −0.11 e Å. This switching is triggered by the movement of the Li atom between two local energy minima. The associated asymmetric double‐well energy profile can be continuously tuned by the applied electric field as well as strain. There is, therefore, a reversible transition between two polar states. This discovered off‐plane switchability provides an opportunity for a 2D γ‐LiAlTe2‐ based interfacial phase change memory device; for example, by growing γ‐LiAlTe2/GeTe heterostructures.
Radical Addition of Thiols to Oxa(aza)bicyclic Alkenes in Water
Authors: Yao Yongqi , Yang Wen , Wang Chaoyang , Gu Fenglong , Yang Weitao , Yang Dingqiao
Published: March 2019

An air‐promoted radical addition reaction of various thiols to oxa(aza)bicyclic alkenes is reported, leading to the corresponding exo adducts in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) in water without the use of any metal catalyst, photoredox catalyst or radical initiator reagent under mild conditions. The reaction has a wide scopeof oxa(aza)bicyclic alkenes and thiols, which provides an easy and clean way for the direct preparation of thioethers. A proposed mechanism of an exo free radical attacking the double bond of an oxa(aza)bicyclic alkene was investigated by DFT calculations of stepwise reaction pathways and control experiments.
Stable Potential Windows for Long‐Term Electrocatalysis by Manganese Oxides Under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Li Ailong , Ooka Hideshi , Bonnet Nadège , Hayashi Toru , Sun Yimeng , Jiang Qike , Li Can , Han Hongxian , Nakamura Ryuhei
Published: March 2019

Efficient, earth‐abundant, and acid‐stable catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are missing pieces for the production of hydrogen via water electrolysis. Here, we report how the limitations on the stability of 3d‐metal materials can be overcome by the spectroscopic identification of stable potential windows in which the OER can be catalyzed efficiently while simultaneously suppressing deactivation pathways. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach using gamma manganese oxide (γ‐MnO2), which shows no signs of deactivation even after 8000 h of electrolysis at a pH of 2. This stability is vastly superior to existing acid‐stable 3d‐metal OER catalysts, but cannot be realized if there is a deviation as small as 50‐mV from the stable potential window. A stable voltage efficiency of over 70 % in a polymer–electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer further verifies the availability of this approach and showcases how materials previously perceived to be unstable may have potential application for water electrolysis in an acidic environment.
Zur Neuausgabe des Nationalen Anhangs DIN EN 1991‐1‐3/NA „Schneelasten“ in 2019‐04
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Schwind Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Mit der Neuausgabe des Nationalen Anhangs zu Eurocode 1, Teil 1‐3 „Schneelasten“ wurden Anwendungserfahrungen und Auslegungen sowie Vereinfachungen zu den Formbeiwerten gegenüber den bisherigen Schneelastnormen normativ berücksichtigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Hintergründe und die wesentlichen Änderungen in der Neuausgabe des Nationalen Anhangs DIN EN 1991‐1‐3/NA:2019‐04 gegenüber der Ausgabe von 2010 ausführlich erläutert. Zu den neuen Regelungen gehören bspw. die Konkretisierung der Schneelasten auf großflächigen Flachdächern, die Regelung der Schneelasten auf flach geneigten Dächern im Bereich von aufgeständerten Solarthermie‐ und Photovoltaikanlagen und die Aufnahme eines informativen Anhangs „Eislasten“.
Effect of added sugars and amino acids on acrylamide formation in white pan bread
Authors: Shen Yanting , Chen Gengjun , Li Yonghui
Published: March 2019

Background and objectives

The products of the Maillard reaction formed from reducing sugars and amino groups are attracting increasing interests as an important dietary antioxidant source. However, acrylamide is also formed during the process, which is a potential carcinogenic substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various types and amounts of added sugars and amino acids on the formation of acrylamide in white pan bread. Breads were prepared with five sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, and ribose) at three levels (0, 6, and 12 g/100 g flour) and seven amino acids (lysine, alanine, proline, glycine, arginine, threonine, and asparagine) at three levels (0, 0.1 g, and 0.3 g/100 g flour), and the acrylamide content was analyzed by GC‐MS for both the crust and the crumb.

Findings

Bread with 6 g/100 g flour fructose had the highest crust acrylamide content of 102.6 μg/kg as compared with other sugars, while the addition of ribose caused the lowest crust acrylamide content (41.0 μg/kg). The addition of asparagine into the bread formula dramatically increased the acrylamide content of crust as expected, while the addition of glycine and proline decreased crust acrylamide. Significant contents of acrylamide were also detected in bread crumbs.

Conclusions

Both the type and amount of added sugars and amino acids in bread formulas affect the amount of acrylamide produced in bread products.

Significance and novelty

Our study provides a systematic understanding of the effects of added sugars and amino acids on acrylamide formation in wheat bread. This research will benefit industries in developing reduced acrylamide formulas for common bakery products.
Enhanced Conversion in the Direct Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate from Ethanol and CO2 by Process Intensification
Authors: Arbeláez Oscar , Hernández Elena , González Lina-María , Bustamante Felipe , Villa Aída-Luz
Published: March 2019

To overcome the low equilibrium conversion in the direct synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO2 under moderate reaction conditions, the reaction was conducted in a membrane reactor packed with pelletized Cu‐Ni:3‐1 supported on activated carbon. A SiO2/γ‐Al2O3 commercial membrane and zeolite A membranes synthesized on commercial Al2O3 supports were evaluated in the membrane reactor. Although characterization of the membranes by X‐ray diffraction confirmed the presence of a zeolite A layer on the supports, gas permeation and permselectivity tests of ethanol and water evidenced some defects of the synthesized membranes. An increase in conversion with respect to a conventional packed‐bed reactor was observed in the membrane reactors prepared on Al2O3, but equilibrium conversion was not attained. However, with the commercial membrane, the ethanol conversion was higher than the equilibrium conversion.
Biomass Gasification Integrated with Chemical Looping System for Hydrogen and Power. Coproduction Process – Thermodynamic and Techno‐Economic Assessment
Authors: Jiang Peng , Berrouk Abdallah S. , Dara Satyadileep
Published: March 2019

Three biomass gasification‐based hydrogen and power coproduction processes are modeled with Aspen Plus. Case 1 is the conventional biomass gasification coupled with a shift reactor, cases 2 and 3 involve integration of biomass gasification with iron‐based and calcium‐based chemical looping systems. The effects of important process parameters on the performance indicators such as hydrogen yield and efficiencies are evaluated by sensitivity analyses. These parameters include gasification temperature, molar ratios of steam to biomass in the gasifier, Fe2O3 to syngas in the fuel reactor, Fe/FeO to steam in the steam reactor, CaO to CO, and steam to CO in the carbonator. The energy and exergy balance distributions for the above three cases are comprehensively discussed and compared. Furthermore, techno‐economic assessments are performed to evaluate the three cases in terms of capital cost, operating cost, and leveled cost of energy.
Local partial least squares based on global PLS scores
Authors: Shen Guanghui , Lesnoff Matthieu , Baeten Vincent , Dardenne Pierre , Davrieux Fabrice , Ceballos Hernan , Belalcazar John , Dufour Dominique , Yang Zengling , Han Lujia , Fernández Pierna Juan Antonio
Published: March 2019

A local‐based method for near‐infrared spectroscopy predictions, the local partial least squares regression on global PLS scores (LPLS‐S), is proposed in this work and compared with the usual local PLS (LPLS) regression approach. LPLS‐S is based on the idea of replacing the original spectra with a global PLS score matrix before using the usual LPLS. This is done with the aim of increasing the speed of the calculations, which can be an important parameter for online applications in particular, especially when implemented on large databases. In this study, the performance of the two local approaches was compared in terms of efficiency and speed. It could be concluded that the root‐mean‐square error of prediction of LPLS and LPLS‐S were 1.1962 and 1.1602, respectively, but the calculation speed for LPLS‐S was more than 20 times faster than for the LPLS algorithm.