bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and composition of gas hydrate in sediment recovered from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well, determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Ripmeester J A , Lu H , Moudrakovski I L , Dutrisac R , Wilson L D , Wright F , Dallimore S R
Published: March 2017

Gas hydrate in core samples recovered from depths between 898 and 1107 m in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al.Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The PXRD results show that the gas hydrate present is Structure I (sI), with typical lattice constants of 1.186 to 1.188 nm (at 100K). The 13CNMR spectra, obtained at 173K, show the characteristic sI hydrate pattern for methane distributed over the two sI hydrate
cages.Variable line widths reflect the mineral content. The Raman spectra also reflect the presence of methane encaged in the two sI hydrate cages. The occupancy ratios for methane in the small and large cages, derived from the NMR and Raman spectra, were used to estimate hydration numbers according
to the solid-solution theory of van der Waals and Platteeuw. Hydration numbers range from 6.1 to 6.3, in good agreement with those determined for pure gas hydrate.
Mallik 2002 cross-well seismic experiment: project design, data acquisition, and modelling studies
Authors: Bauer K , Pratt R G , Weber M H , Ryberg T , Haberland C , Shimizu S
Published: March 2017

Crosshole seismic experiments were carried out using two, 1160 m observation wells (JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 3L-38 and 4L-38), each located 42.5 mfrom the central, 1188 mproduction research well (JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38). These provide images of a
gas-hydrate-bearing interval between 900 m and 1100 m depth, and portions of the surrounding sedimentary sequences. Following
a baseline survey, three time-lapse monitor surveys were carried out during a production experiment to evaluate the seismic detection of gas hydrate dissociation. Initial, 1-D and 2-D studies of the P-wave arrivals indicate that the highly saturated gas-hydrate-bearing sediments are associated with
high velocities, strong attenuation, and some seismic anisotropy. Modelling studies indicate that the dissociation caused by the production test will introduce only very weak changes in the seismic data. Advanced processing will be
required to detect these effects.
High-resolution seismic imaging over thick permafrost at the 2002 Mallik drill site
Authors: Schmitt D R , Welz M , Rokosh C D
Published: March 2017

A short, high-resolution, two-dimensional profile and a single-fold, 'pseudo' - three-dimensional, reflection-seismic volume were acquired at the 2002 Mallik drill site on Richards Island in the Mackenzie Delta. The two-dimensional profile displays horizontal
high-amplitude variations of limited lateral extent (i.e. <100 m) that are present both within and above the gas hydrate stability zone; these observations are in agreement with earlier seismic surveys at the site. The current pseudo - three-dimensional survey showed the 'bright spot' and
dimmed zoned variations, and confirmed lateral heterogeneity of reflectivity within the permafrost zone and the gas hydrate stability zone. The reflectivity variations may be due to small-scale changes in pore-space saturation, both within and above the gas hydrate stability zone, resulting in
substantially changed compressional-wave speeds. Future work will include detailed modelling of expected seismic responses based on variations between pore fluid and solid.
Rockbursts in Ontario mines during 1984
Authors: Hedley D G F , Wetmiller R J
Published: March 2017

En 1984, plus de 100 coups de toit se sont produits dans sept mines de l'Ontario, importante augmentation par rapport aux années précédentes. La série de plusieurs coups de toit dans quatre mines dans l'espace de quelques heures à
quelques mois a été un événement inhabituel. Ces coups de toit on été enregistrés par le réseau régional et, dans la plupart des cas, par les systèmes microsi smiques installés dans les mines. Il a été possible d'établir une
correspondance entre les magnitudes enregistrées par le réseau régional et leurs sources exactes telles que localisées par les réseaux miniers. Ce rapprochement a beaucoup aidé à évaluer les mécanismes, les causes et l'étendue des coups de toit. La
plupart des coups de minéralisés tabulaires minces, fortement inclinés comme à Red toit dans les mines de Sudbury failles.
Exploring the role of the church as a ‘reformation agency’ in enhancing a socially transformative agenda in South Africa
Authors: Van Wyk Micheal M.
Published: March 2017

International political, social, economic and religious developments influence how local communities operate. The South African church society is influenced by such developments taking place globally and which clearly influence how local churches function. This article explores the role of the contemporary church as a ‘reformation agency’ in enhancing a socially transformative agenda in South Africa. A qualitative research approach – an interpretative phenomenology design – was employed to negotiate a shared understanding through conversation and intersubjective meaning-making with church ministers, with the primary focus being their subjective experience of the changing role of the church in enhancing a transformative agenda in a South African context. A purposive sampling (n = 6) consisted of local church leaders who participated in the face-to-face and telephonic semi-structured interviews to achieve the purpose of the study. The findings clearly show that deliberate and intentional actions by churches allow them to become a voice for the marginalised, to create spaces for searching for excellence and to increase the quality of servant leadership, all as vehicles for transforming church society. Furthermore, servant leadership is a social phenomenon, a philosophy-in-practice aimed at leading by example to achieve a common goal. To accomplish this, church ministers are required to spearhead the challenge as a prerequisite to creating ‘lived experienced’ opportunities for members as an inward-outward spiritual journey. Finally, church leaders believed that transformation is a secular dimension, but that it can also be aligned towards God’s redemption plan and enhancing a socially just transformation agenda. Ultimately, this study proposed several recommendations to allow the local church to be relevant in practicing and promoting stronger unity and reconciliation amongst all churches nationally and globally.
Volatility of mixed atmospheric humic-like substances and ammonium sulfate particles
Authors: Nie Wei , Hong Juan , Häme Silja A. K. , Ding Aijun , Li Yugen , Yan Chao , Hao Liqing , Mikkilä Jyri , Zheng Longfei , Xie Yuning , Zhu Caijun , Xu Zheng , Chi Xuguang , Huang Xin , Zhou Yang , Lin Peng , Virtanen Annele , Worsnop Douglas R. , Kulmala Markku , Ehn Mikael , Yu Jianzhen , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The volatility of organic aerosols remains poorly understood due to the complexity of speciation and multiphase processes. In this study, we extracted humic-like substances (HULIS) from four atmospheric aerosol samples collected at the SORPES station in Nanjing, eastern China, and investigated the volatility behavior of particles at different sizes using a Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (VTDMA). In spite of the large differences in particle mass concentrations, the extracted HULIS from the four samples all revealed very high-oxidation states (O : C > 0.95), indicating secondary formation as the major source of HULIS in Yangtze River Delta (YRD). An overall low volatility was identified for the extracted HULIS, with the volume fraction remaining (VFR) higher than 55 % for all the regenerated HULIS particles at the temperature of 280 °C. A kinetic mass transfer model was applied to the thermodenuder (TD) data to interpret the observed evaporation pattern of HULIS, and to derive the mass fractions of semi-volatile (SVOC), low-volatility (LVOC) and extremely low-volatility components (ELVOC). The results showed that LVOC and ELVOC dominated (more than 80 %) the total volume of HULIS. Atomizing processes led to a size-dependent evaporation of regenerated HULIS particles, and resulted in more ELVOC in smaller particles. In order to understand the role of interaction between inorganic salts and atmospheric organic mixtures in the volatility of an organic aerosol, the evaporation of mixed samples of ammonium sulfate (AS) and HULIS was measured. The results showed a significant but nonlinear influence of ammonium sulfate on the volatility of HULIS. The estimated fraction of ELVOC in the organic part of the largest particles (145 nm) increased from 26 %, in pure HULIS samples, to 93 % in 1 : 3 (mass ratio of HULIS : AS) mixed samples, to 45 % in 2 : 2 mixed samples, and to 70 % in 3 : 1 mixed samples, suggesting that the interaction with ammonium sulfate tends to decrease the volatility of atmospheric organic compounds. Our results demonstrate that HULIS are important low-volatility, or even extremely low-volatility, compounds in the organic-aerosol phase. As important formation pathways of atmospheric HULIS, multiphase processes, including oxidation, oligomerization, polymerization and interaction with inorganic salts, are indicated to be important sources of low-volatility and extremely low-volatility species of organic aerosols.
Reconciling differences in stratospheric ozone composites
Authors: Ball William T. , Alsing Justin , Mortlock Daniel J. , Rozanov Eugene V. , Tummon Fiona , Haigh Joanna D.
Published: March 2017

Abstract. To accurately estimate decadal trends in stratospheric ozone requires stable long-term observations. Recently, several ozone composites have been published that combine observations from multiple instruments to span more than three decades. Despite this, trends disagree by latitude and altitude, even between composites built upon the same instrument data. We confirm that the leading causes of differences in decadal trend estimates lie in (i) steps in the composite timeseries when the instrument source data changes and (ii) artificial sub-decadal trends in the underlying instrument data. These artefacts introduce features that can alias with regressors in multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis; both lead to inaccurate trend estimates. Here, we aim to remove these artefacts by applying particle filtering, sequential Monte Carlo Bayesian estimation, which uses only the data itself in addition to prior knowledge about ozone variability and known problems during instrument operation. We apply the particle filter to stratospheric ozone in 10° bands from 60° S–60° N and from 46–1 hPa (~ 21–48 km) for 1985–2012. There are two main outcomes: (i) we independently identify and confirm many of the data problems previously identified, but which remain unaccounted for in existing composites; (ii) we construct an ozone composite, with uncertainties, that is free from most of these problems. To analyse the new data series, we use dynamical linear modelling (DLM), which provides a more robust estimate of long-term changes through Bayesian inference than MLR. Particle filtering and DLM, together, provide a step forward in improving estimates of decadal trends. Our results indicate a significant recovery of ozone since 1998 in the upper stratosphere, of both northern and southern mid-latitudes, in all four composites analysed, and particularly in the new particle filter composite. The particle filter results also show no hemispheric difference in the recovery at mid-latitudes, in contrast to a feature that is present, but not consistent, in the four composites. We recommend using the particle filter method to construct a new composite based not on existing composites, as we do here, but on the original instrument data: such a product would provide a further advance for the estimation of decadal changes in stratospheric ozone.
Environmental Effects of Carbon Taxes: A Review and Case Study
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhao Junjing
Published: March 2017

A carbon tax imposes additional costs on emission-intensive fuels so as to reduce emissions. The primary aim of this paper is to investigate the environmental effects of carbon taxes. First, this paper reviews existing studies which evaluated the effects of carbon taxes on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for different countries. The review shows that carbon taxation is an effective instrument to reduce CO2 emissions. Then, Transportation and Environment Strategy Impact Simulator (TRESIS) is used to assess the impacts of a carbon tax on car use and CO2 emissions in the Sydney metropolitan area, and results shows that it would reduce CO2 emissions by 3.7 percent and reduce car kilometres driven by 3.5 percent in 2017. Its potential economic impact in terms of revenue generated is also presented in this paper.
Two new species of the Rhyacophila nigrocephala species group from China (Insecta, Trichoptera, Rhyacophilidae)
Authors: Sun Changhai
Published: March 2017

Two new species of the Rhyacophila nigrocephala species group, R. voluta sp. nov. and R. linguiformis sp. nov., are described, diagnosed and illustrated. Rhyacophila voluta sp. nov. is similar to R. pentagona Malicky & Sun, 2002 in male genitalia, but can be diagnosed by the inferior appendages of the same length as the complex of preanal appendages and dorsal lobe of segment IX, fused base of the basal segments of inferior appendages, and slightly incised distal margin of apical segment of inferior appendage. Rhyacophila linguiformis sp. nov. is similar to R. rima Sun & Yang, 1995 and R. esorima Mey, 1996 in male genitalia, but can be diagnosed by the progressively narrowed complex of preanal appendages and the dorsal lobe of segment X, the short anal sclerites, and the small gap between the upper and lower lobes of apical segment of inferior appendages. An updated checklist of 23 species recorded from China is presented.
Raising post‐secondary education participation of young people transitioning from care: The effects of extended legislative support
Authors: Tootell Naomi , Harvey Andrew
Published: September 2024

Out‐of‐home care is associated with a range of negative social outcomes for the young people who experience it. The most promising path to improved life chances for care‐experienced young people is arguably through education, especially post‐secondary education. Currently, no national data are collected on the post‐secondary education participation of care‐experienced young people. However, the evidence that exists suggests their participation rate is likely very low. Historically, one reason for post‐secondary participation gaps has been the fact that care ended abruptly at 18 years, forcing care‐experienced young people into independence much faster and earlier than the vast majority of their same‐age peers. The recent extension to care to 21 years for most young people in care across all Australian jurisdictions has changed the out‐of‐home care landscape considerably. A central question is whether the extension of care will, in itself, result in increased post‐secondary education access and success for care‐experienced young people. We address this question through an examination of the current out‐of‐home care and education landscape, including state and territory legislation, Australian Government policy and current post‐secondary settings and outcomes.
Elevated myocardial extracellular volume fraction as a new predictor of conduction defects after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Halil Inanc Ibrahim
Published: September 2024

Key points

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now the standard of care for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS).

New conduction defects remain a challenge following TAVR in patients requiring permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI).

CMRI identified myocardial fibrosis (MF) with an increased extracellular volume (ECV) is a new predictor for these conduction defects following TAVR.
Moisture content determination along production line of ibuprofen soft gelatin capsule manufacturing by near infrared spectroscopy and ensemble deep neural networks
Authors: Romero Alejandro , Villa‐Medina Joe , Ropero Jorge , Cubillán Néstor
Published: October 2024

In the manufacturing process of ibuprofen soft gelatin capsules, controlling moisture content at each production line stage, including in their components—gelatin, fill content, and shell—is vital to ensure quality and stability. This study developed and assessed an analytical method for rapid and non‐destructive moisture determination using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with deep neural networks (DNN) on all stages of the ibuprofen production line. The NIRS‐DNN classifier models were able to distinguish between the three components, achieving accuracy scores of up to 99%. The DNN models for moisture quantification also demonstrated high accuracy, with R2 values exceeding 0.997 across all production stages and prediction errors to those of previously reported models. A significant advantage of the NIRS‐DNN approach was its ability to maintain accuracy over a wide moisture concentration range, from 7% to 48%. The ensemble model, NIRS‐EDNN, seamlessly integrated classification and quantification, revealing its potential for real‐time process control in soft gel manufacturing. The comprehensive sampling approach ensured a diverse representation of moisture content, thereby enhancing the understanding of its impact on the final product stability, demonstrating that this methodology is potentially applicable to any soft gelatin capsule tracking worldwide.
Study on Thermal Runaway Behavior and Early Warning Algorithm of Ternary Lithium Battery Pack Under Preload Force
Authors: Wei Senrong , Du Jianhua , Liang Haobin , Wang Canxiong , Zheng Suzhen , He Xingfeng , Wang Jiabin , Xiong Leji , Ou Yingjie , Tu Ran
Published: September 2024

Overcharging is a primary cause of thermal runaway in ternary lithium‐ion batteries, often leading to serious safety incidents. Early detection of thermal runaway during overcharging is therefore critical. This study investigates a 5 Ah ternary lithium battery pack, applying appropriate preload force to simulate real‐world conditions. Various overcharge experiments are conducted under different conditions, and changes in battery voltage, temperature, and expansion force are thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that under the same initial conditions, higher charging rates accelerate the temperature rise in the lithium battery. Additionally, the internal gas generation rate increases, causing a faster rise in edge pressure and leading to earlier battery cracking. Building on these findings, a three‐level early warning algorithm is developed, which comprehensively considers voltage, temperature, and expansion force changes. Experimental validation demonstrates that this algorithm can accurately identify the current stage of thermal runaway and detect the transition to the third warning stage 604 s before complete failure, thus providing critical protection for the safe operation of the battery pack. This study offers valuable guidance for enhancing the monitoring and early warning capabilities of battery management systems.
Discospondylitis, osteomyelitis and sublumbar abscessation with a pathological vertebral fracture in a dog managed by ventral omentalisation and concurrent dorsal vertebral stabilisation
Authors: Thatcher Heidi B. , Driver Colin J. , D'Aout Clarisse , Henderson Elisabeth R.
Published: September 2024

This report describes a chronic case of discospondylitis and sublumbar abscessation managed with a combination of omentalisation and vertebral stabilisation. Although there are previous reports of omentalisation in patients presenting with sublumbar abscesses, there are no documented cases of these surgeries being combined with stabilisation of a vertebral body fracture secondary to discospondylitis. This case specifically discusses an initial conservative approach and subsequent surgical intervention. A 5‐year‐old, female, neutered, cocker spaniel presented with a 2‐month history of lethargy, non‐localised pain, reluctance to move and pyrexia. Diagnostic investigations revealed a fracture of the third lumbar vertebrae, associated discospondylitis and sublumbar abscessation due to suspected foreign material. Conservative management with rest and antimicrobial therapy was initiated; however, after worsening of clinical signs, surgery was subsequently carried out. We report post‐operative follow‐up of 4 years, which revealed an overall positive outcome, with no long‐term recurrence of clinical signs or adverse effects.
Online Child Grooming Detection: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Mylonas Nikolaos , Stylianou Nikolaos , Chatzakou Despoina , Spathi Theoni , Alevizos Stefanos , Drandaki Annika , Koufakis Alexandros , Kalpakis George , Tsikrika Theodora , Vrochidis Stefanos
Published: September 2024

In the era of ever-growing online social networking communities, reports of online crimes of various forms and targeting are growing exponentially, highlighting the imperative need for the development and enforcement of solutions and measures aimed at early detection and prevention. Specifically, in today’s landscape, child sexual abuse (CSA) and especially online grooming activities are even more prominent given the more intense involvement of young people in these communities. Grooming detection techniques, designed using machine learning, have been at the forefront of prevention and protection of minors. However, current approaches face significant challenges that affect their efficacy and usability. In this chapter, we investigate the challenges faced towards creating effective grooming detection systems and propose future directions to be explored as part of CESAGRAM project’s response to child sexual abuse.
Geo-temporal Crime Forecasting Using a Deep Learning Attention-Based Model
Authors: Caffaro Fabio , Bongiovanni Lorenzo , Rossi Claudio
Published: September 2024

Crime prediction is a crucial problem in law enforcement, and the ability to forecast where and when crimes are likely to occur can help police departments allocate their resources effectively and prevent crimes. In this chapter, we propose a geo-temporal crime forecasting model based on a transformer architecture. We use a public dataset from the Boston Police Department and forecast crimes in each cell of a 1 km × 1 km grid. We use an encoder–decoder structure to capture the spatiotemporal patterns of the crimes. The encoder elaborates the crimes that occurred in each cell during the previous n days, and the decoder generates predictions of future crimes in each cell for the next m days. Our model considers both spatial and temporal correlations, which is challenging for traditional models. We evaluate the model on the Boston crime dataset and compare it with traditional solutions. Our experiments show that our model outperforms traditional models, achieving better accuracy in crime prediction. Overall, our proposed geo-temporal crime forecasting model is a promising approach for predicting crime in a given area.
Strengthening Local Authorities’ Capabilities and Capacities Regarding the Protection of Public Space: A Co-Productive Approach
Authors: Gravenberch Vivian V. , van Soomeren Paul , Houweling Sara , Napolano Carla , de la Torre Pilar
Published: September 2024

This chapter is based on the outcomes and results of the Secu4All project and answers the question to which extent a partnership approach can strengthen local authorities’ capabilities and capacities in protecting public space. The study explores the feasibility and effectiveness of standardisation and a partnership approach in enhancing safety and security in public spaces by delving into the factors defining the protection of public space. Secondly, it discusses international standards such as Risk Management Guidelines 31000:2018, worldwide CPTED standard ISO 22341:2021 and the newly published CEN/TS 14383-2:2022 (The new CEN TS 14383-2:2022 supersedes the old TR. It builds on ideas from risk management (ISO 31000 series), quality management (ISO 9000 series), CPTED (ISO 22341:2021) and new approaches, new types of crime, and UN/EU standards/documents (like the ICCS)) as well as other approaches, such as the Secu4All project-developed quick vulnerability assessment tool (VAT). This research also highlights the importance of collaborative efforts and the application of the latest generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles. The implementation of online and in situ (offline) training programmes, which emphasise the need for multi-stakeholder engagement and experiential learning, has proven to be an effective approach to the protection of public space.
Vulnerability Assessment for Places of Worship in the EU
Authors: Apostolou Konstantinos , Levis Joseph , Karafylli Christina , Karafylli Maria , Gravenberch Vivian , van der Stok Anna , Batkowski Rafał , Podogrocki Marcin , Hellenberg Timo , Rantanen Hannu
Published: September 2024

The ProSPeReS project is aimed toward developing a protection system for places of worship against man-made threats while moving beyond sole conventional technical security measures and preserving a balance between the security of places of worship (PWs) and their open nature. The basis of this endeavor and simultaneously an essential element for informed decision-making with respect to the protection of PWs, is a risk-based approach applied through vulnerability assessment (VA). During the project, various VAs were undertaken for selected PWs, entailing site surveys and in situ VA workshops with the participation of the sites’ personnel, competent local authorities, and first responders. The results of the VAs performed during the project, revealed gaps not only related to technical security measures but also security culture, awareness, involvement, and training of PW staff regarding security procedures, and finally, the lack of cooperation and information exchange among stakeholders in general. These gaps, combined with the inherent traits of PWs such as their open nature, high concentration of people, and their symbolic/cultural value, result in them being soft targets, vulnerable to various potential man-made threats.
BorderUAS Project: Semiautonomous Border Surveillance Platform Combining a Lighter-Than-Air (LTA) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with Ultra-High-Resolution Multisensor Surveillance Payload: A Comprehensive Overview
Authors: Athanasakis Ioannis , Myttas Dimitrios , Katsilieris Theodore D. , Bellou Elisavet , Zervakis Michalis , Antonakakis Marios , Koutras Nikolaos , Boulougaris George , Georgiou Marios , Salom Iva , Todorovic Dejan , Salajster Ivan , Nico Giovanni , Masci Olimpia , Kontopodis Ioannis , Iriarte Francisco , Leskovsky Peter
Published: September 2024

Border surveillance plays a critical role in ensuring national security by detecting and preventing illegal activities. This chapter presents a novel approach utilizing a lighter-than-air (LTA) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with ultra-high-resolution multisensor payload, meant for border surveillance (relevant to transnational organized crime activities), search and rescue (SaR), and rough terrain detection. The BorderUAS Project proposes a payload platform equipped with a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a shortwave/longwave infrared (SWIR/LWIR) and acoustic sensors, coupled with optical and hyperspectral cameras intended for indirect detection. To achieve its goals, BorderUAS is further capitalizing on border police infrastructure (command and control centers), innovative data models for irregular crossing patterns and routes identification, events detection, as well as advanced audio/video analytics, data fusion, and storage. First results show that the proposed solution offers increased operational flexibility, rapid deployment, and comprehensive multisensory coverage and analysis of the surveyed areas.
Military-Grade, Data Exchange Platform (DXP) Enhancing Cybersecurity Automation and Information Sharing, and Its Application on Autonomous Military Systems
Authors: Skoufis Christos , Sophocleous Marios , Lazarou Frini
Published: September 2024

This chapter describes the specific cybersecurity needs of a military-grade Data Exchange Platform and the innovative approach adopted to achieve its design within the framework of the EU-funded project EDIDP HERMES. This Data Exchange Platform offers an innovative approach to address the challenges relating to automation, autonomy, information sharing, collaboration, and outsourcing in the field of cybersecurity. It specifically focuses on enhancing the cyber defence capabilities of autonomous military systems, with a particular emphasis on unmanned ground vehicles. This work acknowledges the limitations of current cybersecurity approaches in providing the required level of autonomous security for such systems. The work establishes the common requirements that are agreed upon by participating Member States. These requirements guide the design process in ensuring that the Data Exchange Platform meets the identified demands and specifications. The key features of the Data Exchange Platform are highlighted through demonstrations, stressing its effectiveness in enhancing cybersecurity operations for automated military systems.
The Search and Rescue Project: Emerging Technologies for Early Location of Entrapped Victims Under Collapsed Structures and Advanced Wearables for Risk Assessment and First Responder Safety in SAR Operations
Authors: Karma Sofia , Ntanos Christos
Published: September 2024

Extreme weather events currently observed on a global scale have been correlated with the current “climate crisis,” which, combined with population growth and urbanization, has exacerbated the consequences in terms of disaster casualties, property losses, and environmental impacts. The Search and Rescue project, among other related initiatives, has implemented part of the Disaster Risk and Resilience priorities outlined in the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Its primary goal was to establish and promote a comprehensive framework encompassing system and equipment interoperability, training, and awareness by providing cutting-edge technologies and innovative tools for the first responders.
Enhancing Pathogen Contamination Incident Management Through Advanced Operational Picture and Collaboration Among Incident Commanders and First Responders
Authors: Valouma Katerina , Perlepes Leonidas , Voumvourakis Lefteris , Kostaridis Antonis , Vourvachis Iosif , Iliadis Dimitrios , Grossi Francesca , Ioannidou Dimitra , Xhelili Arlind , El-Khawad Livia , Sander Luca E.
Published: September 2024

Pathogens are critical in emergencies due to their substantial and potentially lethal impact on the public and First Responders (FRs). Waterborne pathogen outbreaks, stemming from natural events, accidents, or intentional harm, demanding novel tools for FRs to manage such incidents, including rapid pathogen sensors, secure water sampling tech, decision support, and forensic investigation tools. The PathoCERT initiative aims to enhance FRs coordination in such crises, enabling swift and precise pathogen detection, elevating situational awareness, and bolstering control measures for waterborne pathogen emergencies. PathoCERT integrates, among other tools, the PathoIMS incident management system, facilitating monitoring and coordination across FR activities. This system operates in headquarters and mobile control centers, supporting commanders and team leaders by offering incident, alarm, and resource management, along with visual information representation and reporting. PathoIMS provides a comprehensive and tailored operational view, ensuring effective waterborne pathogen incident response, the capabilities of which will be demonstrated and validated during the pilots that will be executed within the project.
Strengthening European Mobility Policy: Governance Recommendations from Innovative Interdisciplinary Collaborations
Authors: Keseru Imre , Basu Samyajit , Ryghaug Marianne , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe
Published: October 2024

This introduction chapter provides context and definitions to support engagement with the book, including current EU mobility ambitions, our understanding of interdisciplinarity, and the aims and purpose of the book project.
Facilitating Sustainable Logistics Policy Development Using Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis: A Case of Preference Mapping for Cargo Bike Last-Mile Delivery
Authors: Huang He , Zhang Xu , Corrente Salvatore , Siraj Sajid , Kiba-Janiak Maja
Published: October 2024

We recommend facilitating sustainable logistics policy development using multicriteria satisfaction analysis. With regard to this policy recommendation, through a case study of preference mapping for cargo bike last-mile delivery we demonstrate the following: (1) The proposed MUlticriteria Satisfaction Analysis (MUSA) based public perception elicitation survey tool offers an alternative approach to map public preferences in sustainable policy decision-making; (2) The findings suggests different cities have different sustainability priorities for sustainable urban freight transport; and (3) City managers and logistics practitioners could offer tailored policies and services to address citizens’ needs.
Recommendations for Future Interdisciplinary Collaborations Within Transport and Mobility
Authors: Ryghaug Marianne , Skjølsvold Tomas Moe , Keseru Imre , Basu Samyajit
Published: October 2024

This book explores the potential of interdisciplinary collaborations between Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) to address challenges in transport and mobility. Through a series of experimental research teams, the authors aimed to integrate diverse disciplinary insights to produce innovative policy recommendations. Despite encountering difficulties and traditional disciplinary boundaries, the project highlights the importance of institutional support, adequate resources, and long-term commitment to fostering effective interdisciplinary research. The concluding chapter reflects on these experiences and offers recommendations for enhancing future interdisciplinary efforts in this field.
Subsurface Microbial Colonization at Mineral-Filled Veins in 2-Billion-Year-Old Mafic Rock from the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa
Authors: Suzuki Yohey , Webb Susan J. , Kouduka Mariko , Kobayashi Hanae , Castillo Julio , Kallmeyer Jens , Moganedi Kgabo , Allwright Amy J. , Klemd Reiner , Roelofse Frederick , Mapiloko Mabatho , Hill Stuart J. , Ashwal Lewis D. , Trumbull Robert B.
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in subsurface microbiology have demonstrated the habitability of multi-million-year-old igneous rocks, despite the scarce energy supply from rock-water interactions. Given the minimal evolution coupled with exceedingly slow metabolic rates in subsurface ecosystems, spatiotemporally stable igneous rocks can sustain microbes over geological time scales. This study investigated a 2-billion-year-old mafic rock in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa, where ultradeep drilling is being executed by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). New procedures were successfully developed to simultaneously detect indigenous and contaminant microbial cells in a drill core sample. Precision rock sectioning coupled with infrared, fluorescence, and electron microscopy imaging of the rock section with submicron resolution revealed microbial colonization in veins filled with clay minerals. The entry and exit of microbial cells in the veins are severely limited by tight packing with clay minerals, the formation of which supplies energy sources for long-term habitability. Further microbiological characterization of drilled rock cores from the Bushveld Igneous Complex will expand the understanding of microbial evolution in deep igneous rocks over 2 billion years.
TRPC4/5 inhibitors: Phase I results and proof of concept studies
Authors: Grimm Simone , Just Stefan , Fuertig Rene , Dwyer Jennifer B. , Sharma Vikas M. , Wunder Andreas
Published: September 2024

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) ion channels are expressed in areas of the brain responsible for processing emotion and mood and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of internalizing disorders such as major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. This review outlines the rationale for targeting TRPC ion channels for drug development, with specific focus on TRPC4 and TRPC5. We provide preclinical evidence that the lack of TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels or its pharmacological inhibition attenuate fear and anxiety without impairing other behaviors in mice. We also report on clinical studies of BI 1358894, a small molecule inhibitor of TRPC4/5 ion channels, demonstrating reduced psychological and physiological responses to induced anxiety/panic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers. Furthermore, we highlight an imaging study that investigated the acute effects of BI 1358894 and showed reduced activation in several brain regions involved in emotional processing. We conclude that these findings demonstrate a critical role for TRPC4 and TRPC5 in emotional processing, even though it remains an open question if the biological signatures of TRPC4/5 inhibition reported here translate into clinical efficacy and indicate that a TRPC4/5 inhibitor might provide a more effective treatment of internalizing disorders.
Synaptic basis of rapid antidepressant action
Authors: Kavalali Ege T. , Monteggia Lisa M.
Published: September 2024

The discovery of ketamine’s rapid antidepressant action has generated intense interest in the field of neuropsychiatry. This discovery demonstrated that to alleviate the symptoms of depression, treatments do not need to elicit substantive alterations in neuronal circuitry or trigger neurogenesis, but rather drive synaptic plasticity mechanisms to compensate for the underlying pathophysiology. The possibility of a rapidly induced antidepressant effect makes therapeutic pursuit of fast-acting neuropsychiatric medications against mood disorders plausible. In the meantime, the accumulating clinical as well as preclinical observations raise critical questions on the nature of the specific synaptic plasticity events that mediate these rapid antidepressant effects. This work has triggered the current growing interest in alternative psychoactive compounds that are thought to have similar properties to ketamine and its action. This review covers our insight into these questions based on the work our group has conducted on this topic in the last decade.
β-Citronellol: a potential anti-inflammatory and gastro-protective agent-mechanistic insights into its modulatory effects on COX-II, 5-LOX, eNOS, and ICAM-1 pathways through in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and network pharmacology studies
Authors: Iqbal Urooj , Malik Abdul , Sial Nabeela Tabassum , Mehmood Malik Hassan , Nawaz Shoaib , Papadakis Marios , Fouad Dalia , Ateyya Hayam , Welson Nermeen N. , Alexiou Athanasios , Batiha Gaber El-Saber
Published: September 2024

Background

The current study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and pronounced gastro-protective activities of β- Citronellol using in vitro, in vivo assays and in silico approaches.

Methods

In vitro assays, denaturation of bovine serum albumin, egg protein, and human Red Blood Cells (RBCs) membrane stabilization were performed, using Piroxicam as standard. For in vivo assessment, Histamine (0.1 ml from 1% w/v) and Formaldehyde (0.1 ml from 2% v/v) were used to mediate inflammation. In silico molecular docking and network pharmacology were employed to probe the possible target genes mediating gastroprotective effect of β-Citronellol at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, using indomethacin-induced (25 mg/kg i.p) gastric ulcer in rats. Moreover, Gastric tissues were evaluated for morphological, histopathological, and bio-chemical analysis of PGE2, COX-I, COX-II, 5-LOX, eNOS, ICAM-1, oxygen-free radical scavengers (SOD, CAT), and oxidative stress marker (MDA).

Results

β-Citronellol prevented denaturation of proteins and RBCs membrane stabilization with maximum effect observed at 6,400 µg/mL. Citronellol decreased rat’s paw edema. Network pharmacology and docking studies revealed gastro-protective potential of Citronellol possibly mediated through arachidonic acid pathways by targeting COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, and 5-LOX. Citronellol reduced the ulcer indices, and histopathological changes. Further, β-Citronellol (50 and 100 mg/kg) increased gastric PGE2, COX-1, and eNOS; while suppressing COX-2, 5-LOX and ICAM-1. Citronellol markedly enhanced the oxidative balance in isolated rat stomach tissues.

Conclusions

The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and gastro-protective effects of β-Citronellol against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model in rats through mediating COX-I, COX-II, PGE2, 5-LOX, eNOS, and ICAM-1 inflammatory markers.

Graphical abstract
The narrative that should guide applied behavioural science
Authors: Dold Malte
Published: October 2024

This article serves as a commentary on Michael Hallsworth's 2023 piece, ‘A manifesto for applying behavioural science,’ featured in Nature Human Behaviour. The manifesto was prompted by methodological, practical and normative critiques directed at behavioural science and its role in public policy. In this commentary, I argue that the manifesto presents numerous insightful and constructive reform proposals regarding the scope, methods and values in behavioural science, which can help advance the field of behavioural public policy. While there is much to agree with, I contend in this commentary that applied behavioural science can and should delve deeper into the study of socially and culturally embedded processes of goal formation. Additionally, it should explore the institutional conditions necessary for individuals to formulate their goals competently and in a self-determined manner.
Healthcare Cost of Multiple Sclerosis and in Relation to Disability Level in Alberta
Authors: McCombe Jennifer A. , Smyth Penelope , Kate Mahesh , So Helen , Vu Khanh , Luu Huong , Martins Karen J.B. , Aponte-Hao Sylvia , Nguyen Phuong Uyen , Richer Lawrence , Williamson Tyler , Klarenbach Scott W.
Published: October 2024

Background:

We aimed to (1) report updated estimates of direct healthcare costs for people living with MS (pwMS), (2) contrast costs to a control population and (3) explore differences between disability levels among pwMS.

Methods:

Administrative data were used to identify adult pwMS (MS cohort) and without (control cohort) in Alberta, Canada; disability level (based on the Expanded Disability Status Scale) among pwMS was estimated. One- and two-part generalized linear models with gamma distribution were used to estimate the incremental direct healthcare cost (2021 $CDN) of MS during a 1-year observation period.

Results:

Adjusting for confounders, the total healthcare cost ratio was higher in the MS cohort (n = 13,089) versus control (n = 150,080) (5.24 [95% CI: 5.08, 5.41]) with a predicted incremental cost of $15,016 (95% CI: $14,497, $15,535) per person-year. Among the MS cohort, total predicted direct healthcare costs were higher with greater disability, $14,430 (95% CI: $13,980, $14,880) to $58,697 ($51,514, $65,879) per person-year in mild and severe disability, respectively. The primary health resource cost component shifted from disease-modifying therapies in mild disability to supportive care in moderate and severe disability.

Conclusion:

Adult pwMS had greater direct healthcare costs than those without. Extrapolating to the population level (where 14,485 adult pwMS were identified in the study), it is estimated that $218 million per year in healthcare costs may be attributable to MS in Alberta. The significantly larger economic impact associated with greater disability underscores the importance of preventing or delaying disease progression and functional impairment in MS.
A schema for coding health equity scholarship within pediatric research
Authors: Abdi Najma , Tso Sabrina W. , Roduin Cheyenne , Nylander Elisabeth , Jones Amanda L. , Groshong Susan L. , Paulsen Julia , Saelens Brian E.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Seattle Children’s Research Institute is identifying the amount and type of health equity scholarship being conducted institution wide. However, methods for categorizing how scholarship is equity-focused are lacking. We developed and evaluated the reliability of a health equity scholarship coding schema applied to Seattle Children’s affiliated scholarship.

Methods:

A 2021–2022 Ovid MEDLINE affiliation search yielded 3551 affiliated scholarship records, with 1079 records identified via an existing filter as scholarship addressing social determinants of health. Through reliability testing and examining concordance and discordance across three independent coders of these records, we developed a coding schema to classify health equity scholarship (yes/no). When health equity scholarship proved positive/Yes, the coders assigned a one through five maturity rating of the scholarship towards addressing inequities. Subsequent reliability testing including a new coder was conducted for 992 subsequent affiliated scholarship records (Oct 2022–June 2023), with additional testing of the sensitivity and specificity of the existing filter relative to the new coding schema.

Results:

Reliability for identifying health equity scholarship was consistently high (Fleiss kappas ≥ .78) and categorization of health equity scholarship into maturity levels was moderate (Fleiss kappas ≥ .47). The coding schema identified additional health equity scholarship not captured in an existing filter for social determinants of health scholarship. Based on the new schema, 23.3% of Seattle Childrens’ affiliated scholarship published October 2002–June 2023 was health equity focused.

Conclusions:

This new coding schema can be used to identify and categorize health equity scholarship to help quantitate the health equity focus of portfolios of human-focused research.
Droplet impact on a superhydrophobic solid substrate with a superhydrophilic annulus
Authors: Ma Ziqiang , Zhang Wanqiu , Zhang Qi , Zhou Xinping
Published: October 2024

Direct numerical simulations of the droplet impact on a flat solid surface with an annular part are conducted. We investigate droplet impact on a superhydrophobic substrate with a superhydrophilic annulus to understand the formation conditions of droplets in different states. The location and size of superhydrophilic annulus are carried out through the phase diagram. We describe the formation process of droplets in three different states and the spreading radius with time to catch the rupture time of the film. Two different ruptures occur in the spreading stage or the retraction stage, respectively. The rupture times from these two mechanisms observed numerically are found to be a key factor resulting in partial rebound and lens-shaped/ring-shaped droplets. Finally, the influence of non-dimensional numbers on the formation of the ring-shaped droplet is demonstrated. The Weber number can alter the amplitude of the up and down oscillation on the droplet's upper surface, while the Froude number affects primarily the time to form the central penetrating hole. This gives the guidance and method to control the ring-shaped droplets formation time.