Peg IFNα-2a in Polycythemia Vera (PV). Results of a Phase 2 Study by the French “PV-NORD” Group.
Authors: Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Cassinat Bruno , Turlure Pascal , Cambier Nathalie , Bellucci Sylvia , Roussel Murielle , Grange Marie-José , Grandchamp Bernard , Rain Jean-Didier , Chomienne Christine , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: April 2020

Background: IFNα can control erythrocytosis in 75% of PV while avoiding leukemogenicity of myelosuppressive drugs, but 20–25% of patients stop therapy due to side effects. Peg IFNα −2b, allowing weekly use, showed similar efficacy but no better tolerance in 3 trials. We conducted a phase 2 trial of peg-IFNα 2a in PV, a drug never tested in MPD to our knowledge.

Study design: Inclusion criteria in PVN1 trial (www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00241241). were PV diagnosis (PVSG criteria), age 18–65 years, no previous treatment or only phlebotomies, or cytoreductive treatment &lt;2 years. The primary endpoint was response to peg-IFNα 2a (CR: Ht &lt;45% in men &lt; 42% in women without phlebotomy, no splenomegaly, normal WBC and plt counts; PR: Ht as above but with persistent splenomegaly or elevated plts, or 50–99% reduction in phlebotomies); secondary endpoints were toxicity and evolution of circulating V617F JAK2 allele (%V617F) by quantitative PCR during treatment.

Results: 33 of the 40 pts enrolled had a 12 mos FU: M/F : 14/19, median age 50 yrs (range 22–65). Median time from diagnosis: 6 months (range 1–65). 9 pts (27%) had previously received HU, 6 (18%) had a history of thrombosis. Median Ht: 60% in males and 50% in females. Median WBC and plt counts: 9.109/l (range 4–23) and 598.109/l (range 171–1428), resp. 7 pts (21%) had splenomegaly. 1 patient was not evaluable for response (allergic reaction at first injection). At 6 mos, all pts were responders: 26 CR (81%), 6 PR (19%). At 12 mos, 2/32 pts had stopped treatment (1 grade 2 thrombocytopenia, 1 skin reaction), 27 (84%) were in CR and 3 pts in PR. Median peg-IFNα 2a dose received during the 1st year was 113 μ g/w (range 30–180). Neither thrombosis nor hemorrhage was reported. Only grade 1 to 3 toxicities were reported, lasting &lt;3 mos in 90% of cases: muscle and joint pain (n=20, 19 grade 1–2), fatigue (n=17, all grade 1–2), skin intolerance (n=14, one grade 3), neurological symptoms (n=8, all grade 1–2). Grade1 fever and depression were observed in 4 and 3 pts, resp. Molecular response was observed in 24 of 27 (89%) pts with serial samples, from a mean %V617F of 49% to a mean of 27% (mean decrease of 44%; P&lt;.001), including one pt with no longer detectable mutant JAK2. In 7 pts, microsatellite analysis with 9p markers showed clear changes in the allelic ratios between samples during treatment in parallel with a decrease in %V617F, showing that the abnormal clone had a 9p LOH. Those 7 pts with 9pLOH were slower molecular responders, and had higher WBC counts at diagnosis (p=.005).

Conclusion: After 1 year, 94% hematological and 89% molecular response is obtained with peg-IFN-α 2a in PV, treatment being stopped due to side effects in only 9% of pts. Pts with 9pLOH had similar hematological and molecular response rates, although molecular response was slower. Peg-IFNα 2a could be a treatment of choice for PV, until specific targeted therapies are available.