bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security: a review on coastal regions of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain MS , Majumder AK
Published: September 2018

Bangladesh is severely vulnerable to climate change and its devastation on coastal livelihood and food security has been substantiated. Climate induced hazards will lead to food insecurity directly and indirectly by affecting the coastal biophysical and socioeconomic states. This review article found the potential impacts on coastal agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors those are the main source of livelihood and food security to coastal people. Furthermore, most of the rural coastal people are hard poor in which women are major in portion and contribute to ensure food security for the entire family. Scrutinizing on ‘vulnerability’ revealed that it is not gender neutral and socio-economically underprivileged groups and marginal people are invaded disproportionately in which women is ranking in the top of the order. Hence, existing gender-poverty nexus along with socio-economic and political aspects make women more endangered to climate vulnerability and food security. It also found that existing policies and adaptation mechanisms failed to address the influence of powers on marginalize women and growing trend of feminization of food insecurity. In addition, also found the necessity for immediate pertinent caucus before the onset of this imminent concernment by aggregating gender and identified vulnerable groups.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 62-69, June, 2018
Trans-boundary water conflicts between Bangladesh and India: water governance practice for conflict resolution
Authors: Parven A , Hasan MS
Published: September 2018

Bangladesh and India Sharing fifty-four trans-boundary rivers water that flows from India to Bangladesh. Bangladesh is mostly dependent on India for their water and has no control over the water shed management policy of the rivers. Being a smaller, weaker military and economy than India, Bangladesh cannot influence the watershed management policies and face floods and water scarcity, reducing yield production and fish productivity, an ecological imbalance in estuarine areas, saline water intrusion in the southwestern part of Bangladesh and reduced navigation. Water governance is the combination of the political, social, economic and administrative system, which manage the water resources and provide services in the different level of society. Based on the water governance definition the researchers find out the different stakeholder in the management of water governance and the lack of practices of the theoretical concept of water governance and try to indicate the possibilities of the better solutions (Conflict or cooperation) of this trans-boundary water conflicts between both countries. The paper also compared the present negotiation process with different kinds of modes of wicked problem in water resource management. The study recommends few suggestions to minimize the conflict over the utilization of trans-boundary water resources management for example, a hydro-community like EU water framework Directive that is based on the soft power of peer review rather than a penalizing measure.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 8 (1): 79-84, June, 2018
Poland Syndrome- A Rare Congenital Condition
Authors: Hossain Homayra Tahseen , Khandaker Md Abul Kashem , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Adnan Munshi MB Md Shoaib , Islam Nazmul
Published: September 2018

Named after Sir Alfred Poland, Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly classically characterized by the absence of unilateral chest wall muscles and sometimes ipsilateral symbrachydactyly (abnormally short and webbed fingers). The aetiology is probably a vascular disruption sequence of the subclavian arteries. In most cases, Poland Syndrome is sporadic. We report a 26 year old male patient with typical features of Poland Syndrome associated with bronchiectasis and mitral valve prolapse- a very rare association. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a Poland Syndrome with rare association reported from Bangladesh.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 166-169
Adolescent Girls with Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis: A Rare Disease
Authors: Saha Joysree , Begum Kohinoor , Khanom Kamil Ara , Prasad Indrajit , Akter Sumaya
Published: September 2018

Gonadal dysgenesis is a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea ,which is a relatively common problem among teenage girls.Primary amenorrhoea occurs in patient with gonadal dysgenesis because of absence or limited ovarian function due to inappropriate development.Streak gonads are unable to produce estrogens and/or androgens,resulting in minimal to no development of secondary sexual characteristics.Adrenal androgens may induce production of pubic hair,but patient will have minimal breast development.These patients may have a family history of infertility, short stature,sensorineural deafness,ataxia,mild mental retardation or gonadoblastoma. Here two cases of primary amenorrhoea due to pure gonadal dysgenesis are presented. 1 st  one was a 18yr old girl whose mother consulted with a gynaecologist at the age of 16yr because of her worries about absence of menarche of her daughter and secondone was a 14yr old girl whose mother consulted with a gynaecologist at the age of 16yr because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics as well as menarche of her daughter. In both cases, blood test showed very high levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH), low levels of oestradiol& very low level of AMH. USG findings of both cases showed a bit hypoplastic uterus and volume of ovaries were smaller than normal. A diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy of both gonads of one case was performed.Another case did not give consent for laparoscopy.Hormonal replacement therapy was applied on them for establishment of normal menstruation and menstruation was established in both cases.  An early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent long term consequences of Gonadal dysgenesis.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 170-174
Bochdalek Hernia in Asymptomatic Adults: A Case Report of Radiological Importance
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Monjurul , Yasmin Rubina , Haque Md Azharul
Published: September 2018

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias (CDH) is a rare entity with incidence of 1:3000 live births. Late presentation is unusual and in most cases is diagnosed in adolescents or early childhood. Asymptomatic diaphragmatic hernia in the absence of trauma is very rare in adults. The finding of CDH in adults is mostly incidental. Left sided hernia i.e. Bochdalek hernia is more common. It is more commonly associated with other anomalies. The morbidity and mortality are mainly due to pulmonary hypoplasia. We report a case of CDH, posterolateral defect (Bochdalek type), with mild mediastinal shifting to right side in a young lady, who was asymptomatic throughout the life and referred to us for evaluation of incidental findings of chest X-ray abnormality who was suffering from cholelithiasis. The surgical approach for the resolution of this pathology is variable and it depends on the presence and severity of visceral complications.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 175-178
Letter To The Editor Vol.36(4)
Authors: Shahida SM
Published: September 2018

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 181
College News Vol.36(4)
Authors: Ahasan HAM Nazmul
Published: September 2018

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 182-187
Color Vision Tests in Pilots’ Medical Assessments
Authors: Marechal Marie , Delbarre Maxime , Tesson Joachim , Lacambre Carole , Lefebvre Hélène , Froussart-Maille Françoise
Published: September 2018

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of eight color vision tests to screen for and accurately measure hereditary color-deficiency in order to improve color vision assessment methods for aircraft pilots.METHODS: This prospective study included
29 color-deficient subjects and 23 healthy subjects. All performed the following tests: Ishihara plates, Farnsworth D15, Lanthony desaturated 15 Hue, Munsell 100 Hue, Beyne and Fletcher-Evans CAM lanterns, Nagel anomaloscope, and the Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test. The sensitivity
and specificity of color-deficiency diagnosis were evaluated for each test, as well as the test’s relevance for assessing aircraft pilots.RESULTS: The Ishihara plate test demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 1.00 for color-deficiency screening. The CAD test
and anomaloscope showed both a sensitivity and specificity of 1.00. The Beyne lantern, Fletcher lantern, Farnsworth D15, and the Lanthony 15 Hue tests all showed a specificity of 1.00 and sensitivities of, respectively, 0.69, 0.97, 0.58, and 0.79. During aircraft pilot selection tests, the
CAD test classified 10% of color-deficient subjects as safe to fly, the anomaloscope 17%, and the Beyne and Fletcher lantern tests, respectively, 31% and 3%.DISCUSSION: The discrepancy in results confirms that current color vision test protocols need to be reassessed. The CAD test
could be an interesting alternative to the series of tests used to assess flight crew, but it seems more selective than current tests.Marechal M, Delbarre M, Tesson J, Lacambre C, Lefebvre H, Froussart-Maille F. Color vision tests in pilots’ medical assessments. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(8):737–743.
Fatigue Incident Antecedents, Consequences, and Aviation Operational Risk Management Resources
Authors: Morris Megan B. , Wiedbusch Megan D. , Gunzelmann Glenn
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Flight crew fatigue is an important factor in aviation, leading organizations to implement fatigue risk management programs to reduce risk. The U.S. Air Force Air Mobility Command (AMC) has implemented the Aviation Operational Risk Management (AvORM) program to aid
mission schedulers and flight crews in mitigating flight risks and identifying appropriate levels of risk. The AvORM program uses a scheduling tool and underpinning biomathematical fatigue model. This study examined self-reported fatigue-related incidents within AMC, which provides some indirect
and anecdotal evidence as to the effectiveness of the scheduling tool.METHODS: Archival data from the AMC Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) Safety Reporting System was examined. Report content themes were created through an inductive approach in terms of fatigue prevalence,
antecedents, and consequences.RESULTS: Fatigue was estimated as a factor in 4% of the reports. The two most commonly referenced fatigue antecedents were associated with mission/duty length and mission scheduling/planning factors. Factors associated with aircraft operation violations
were the most cited consequences of fatigue. Fatigue was almost twice as likely to be reported as a secondary rather than primary contributing factor. Aircrew reported both positive and negative aspects of AvORM resources in mission planning and fatigue mitigation.DISCUSSION: Examination
of ASAP reports suggests that fatigue is a contributing factor to safety incidents. Although the AvORM program highlights potential flight risks by utilizing a scheduling tool built upon an underlying biomathematical fatigue model, human fatigue continues to impact safety, suggesting an ongoing
need for improved fatigue risk management and mitigation.Morris MB, Wiedbusch MD, Gunzelmann G. Fatigue incident antecedents, consequences, and aviation operational risk management resources. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2018; 89(8):708–716.
What Has Private Law Ever Done for Justice?
Authors: Michelon Claudio
Published: September 2018

This article identifies and explains an important and distinctive way in which a traditional set of private law rules, doctrines, and concepts (ie those that allocate particular goods to particular individuals) relate to distributive justice. Such rules, doctrines, and concepts are instrumentally valuable vis-à-vis a just allocation of goods in two different ways. On the one hand, and less controversially, they sometimes possess the ability to cause (or contribute to causing) such states of affairs into being. The article shows that they also discharge a constitutive function in relation to distributive justice, one that is required by conceptions of distributive justice that are centred around allocation-unbound justificatory criteria (which constitute the vast majority of the available accounts of distributive justice).
A Licence Not to Censor: The Cinematograph Act 1909 in Scotland
Authors: Bohlmann Julia
Published: September 2018

The legal and administrative framework for film exhibition in Scotland has been viewed through the prism of practices adopted in the rest of the United Kingdom despite the existence of a separate legal system north of the English border. This article is the first to identify and explain the discrepancy that existed between the Scottish regulatory framework and that existing in the rest of Britain, covering the period from the passing of the Cinematograph Act 1909 to the publication of the Edinburgh Cinema Enquiry in 1933. Discussing hitherto neglected documents, such as the Scottish Office Precedent Books, municipal records, education authority minutes and local newspapers, the article adopts a social-historiographical methodology. It contends that the discrepancy was the result of a decentralised tradition of governance and political motivations to maintain the integrity of Scotland's legal system. This means that the full implementation of the Cinematograph Act 1909 was resisted in Scotland, leading to a laissez-faire approach in the realm of film censorship that was heavily criticised by local pressure groups. The article will first establish the historical context of regulating places of public entertainment in Scotland and subsequently discuss the emergence of film censorship practices in the rest of the UK following the passing of the Cinematograph Act 1909. The second half will explain the different legal interpretation of the 1909 Act in Scotland and its consequences for the applicability of the British Board of Film Censors’ ‘A’ certificate.
Cannibals and Capital: George King'sSweeney Todd(1936) and Representations of Class, Empire and Wealth
Authors: Phillips Gyllie
Published: September 2018

The story of Sweeney Todd has its origins in the era of Victorian stage melodrama, a form with well-documented connections to critiques of Victorian class structures and economic hardship. As well, the musical versions of the story by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler (1979), including the 2007 film by Tim Burton, have been identified with anti-capitalist sentiment. In all the discussions of Sweeney Todd and class, however, surprisingly little scholarly attention is paid to the first sound film version of the story, which appeared in Britain at the height of the economic crisis of the 1930s: Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936), directed by George King and starring Tod Slaughter. The King-Slaughter collaborations converting Victorian stage melodramas to screen were part of the body of 1930s films identified as ‘quota quickies’, which have been characterised as cheap and badly made. Scholars such as Rachel Low and, more recently, David Pirie dismissed the quota quickies as films unworthy of close attention, but this article joins the revisionist trend that takes issue with these judgements both of 1930s quota quickies and the films of King and Slaughter. King's Sweeney Todd responds to the bleak economic experience and anxieties of its audiences through its narrative and generic changes to its Victorian precursors, as well as through its limited but creative uses of film form. Specifically, King's film challenges the idea of the naturalised authority of the wealthy, questions the origins of wealth and the function of labour, and transforms the abject body of the horror genre into a metaphor for the circulation of capital.
Weak Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilization on Switchgrass Photosynthesis, Biomass, and Soil Respiration
Authors: Hui Dafeng , Yu Chih-Li , Deng Qi , Saini Priya , Collins Kenya , Koff Jason de
Published: September 2018

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer plus biochar may increase crop yield, but how biochar will interact with N fertilization to affect bioenergy crop switchgrass physiology, biomass, and soil CO2 emission (i.e., soil respiration) from switchgrass fields remains unclear. Here, we assessed this issue by conducting a field experiment near Nashville TN with two levels of biochar treatment (a control without biochar addition and biochar addition of 9 Mg ha−1), and four N fertilization levels (0 kg N ha−1, 17 kg N ha−1, 34 kg N ha−1, and 67 kg N ha−1, labeled as ON, LN, MN, and HN, respectively). Results showed that both biochar addition and N fertilization did not influence switchgrass leaf photosynthesis and biomass, but biochar addition enhanced leaf transpiration, and reduced water use efficiency. Soil respiration was reduced by biochar addition, but significantly enhanced by N fertilization. Biochar and N fertilization interactively influenced soil respiration and seasonal variation of soil respiration was mostly controlled by soil temperature. Our results indicated that switchgrass can maintain high productivity without much N input, at least for several years. The findings from this study are useful to optimize N fertilization and biochar addition in the switchgrass fields for maintaining relatively high productive switchgrass biomass while reducing soil CO2 emission.
Synergistic Effect of Sulfur and Nitrogen in the Organic and Mineral Fertilization of Durum Wheat: Grain Yield and Quality Traits in the Mediterranean Environment
Authors: Rossini Francesco , Provenzano Maria Elena , Sestili Francesco , Ruggeri Roberto
Published: September 2018

In recent years, awareness on sustainable land use has increased. Optimizing the practice of nitrogen fertilization has become crucially imperative in cropping management as a result of this current trend. The effort to improve the availability of organic nitrogen has incurred a bottleneck while seeking to achieve a high yield and quality performance for organic winter cereals. Field experiments were conducted, under rainfed Mediterranean conditions, over a period of two subsequent growing seasons. The objective was to investigate the effect of soil and foliar S application on the performance of three durum wheat cultivars fertilized with either organic or inorganic N. The hypothesis to be verified was if different S fertilization strategies could improve grain yield and quality when coupled with mineral or organic N fertilizer. There were three levels of treatment with mineral N fertilizer (120, 160 and 200 kg ha−1), two levels of organic N fertilizer (160 and 200 kg ha−1), two levels of S fertilizer applied to the soil (0 and 70 kg ha−1), and two levels of foliar S application at flag leaf stage (0 and 5 kg ha−1). Cultivars were Dylan, Iride and Saragolla. Analyzed traits were grain yield, yield components and quality features of grain. Overall, at the same N rate, grain yield and quality were markedly higher for mineral than organic N source. Cultivar × Year × N treatment interactions significantly affected grain yield and quality indices. Iride showed a high yield stability throughout the mineral N rates in the most favorable year (2011) and, in the same year, was the top performing cultivar in organic N treatments. Dylan was the top performing cultivar for protein content, while Saragolla for the SDS sedimentation test. Soil S fertilization had no effect on grain quality, whereas it significantly increased grain yield (+ 300 kg ha−1) when coupled with organic rather than a mineral N source. However, foliar S application at flag leaf stage did not affect grain yield, but it significantly enhanced quality indices such as test weight (81 vs. 79.9 kg hL−1), protein content (13.7% vs. 12.9 %) and SDS value (72.5 vs. 70.5 mm). A rate of 160 kg ha−1 of N (both mineral and organic) determined the optimal response for both grain yield and quality. Finally, soil and foliar application of S may help to contain the large yield and quality gap that still exists between mineral and organic fertilization of durum wheat.
Effect of Additional Shielding Gas on Welding Seam Formation during Twin Wire DP-MIG High-Speed Welding
Authors: Hu Yu , Xue Jiaxiang , Dong Changwen , Jin Li , Zhang Zhanhui
Published: September 2018

For diminishing welding defects such as incomplete penetration, which may easily occur during the twin wire Double Pulsed Metal Inert Gas (DP-MIG) high-speed welding, a novel method using additional shielding gas is introduced in this paper. A branch for the additional shielding gas was specially set near the back end of the protection hood for the DP-MIG nozzle. The constructed gas branch was used for enabling manual intervention in the formation of a high-temperature solid–liquid weld seam just emerging from the nozzle and also for secondary gas protection on the surface of the weld seam. The butt welding test was carried out in the 2205 duplex stainless steel plate and the weld seam was then characterized by a tensile test, metallographic analysis, X-ray non-destructive testing (NDT), hardness analysis, and impact test. The results showed that the introduction of an appropriate amount of additional shielding gas can effectively improve and diminish the unfused weld seam and also improve the mechanical properties such as the tensile properties of the weld joint, the hardness and toughness of the weld joints. Therefore, the introduction of additional shielding gas has further research potential in theory and process practice.
Effect of Oxygen Supply on Surfactin Production and Sporulation in Submerged Culture of Bacillus subtilis Y9
Authors: Ha Sanghyun , Kim Ho Myeong , Chun Ho Hyun , Hwang In Min , Lee Jong-Hee , Kim Jin-Cheol , Kim In Seon , Park Hae Woong
Published: September 2018

Fermentation parameters for surfactin production and sporulation in a submerged culture of Bacillus subtilis Y9 with various oxygen transfer rates in 5 L jar fermenters were investigated. The oxygen-uptake rate (OUR) was positively correlated with volumetric surfactin productivity. When OUR value increased from 0 to 250 s−1, productivity increased up to 45 mg/L·h; however, no further increase was observed at OUR values above 255 s−1. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLa increased with increasing agitation speed. However, a reduction in surfactin production was observed at the highest agitation speed of 500 rpm. Productivity sharply decreased after spore appearance, and remained low until the end of the culture. A mesh-type sparger was installed to generate microsized air bubbles. When the system was operated at 400 rpm with the mesh-type sparger, KLa was higher than that at 500 rpm with an original sparger. Under agitation at 400 rpm with the mesh-type sparger, productivity was maintained above 42.3 mg/L·h until 24 h, resulting in the highest surfactin concentration of 875 mg/L. Thus, a mesh-type sparger promotes KLa, leading to an increase in productivity.
A Tutorial on Dynamics and Control of Power Systems with Distributed and Renewable Energy Sources Based on the DQ0 Transformation
Authors: Levron Yoash , Belikov Juri , Baimel Dmitry
Published: September 2018

In light of increasing integration of renewable and distributed energy sources, power systems are undergoing significant changes. Due to the fast dynamics of such sources, the system is in many cases not quasi-static, and cannot be accurately described by time-varying phasors. In such systems the classic power flow equations do not apply, and alternative models should be used instead. In this light, this paper offers a tutorial on the dynamics and control of power systems with distributed and renewable energy sources, based mainly on the dq0 transformation. The paper opens by recalling basic concepts of dq0 quantities and dq0-based models. We then explain how to model and analyze passive networks, synchronous machines, three-phase inverters, and how to systematically construct dq0-based models of complex systems. We also highlight the idea that dq0 models may be viewed as a natural extension of time-varying phasor models, and discuss the correct use and validity of each approach.
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors in Guangxi, South China
Authors: Wang Yapeng , Yu Chao , Tao Jinhua , Wang Zifeng , Si Yidan , Cheng Liangxiao , Wang Hongmei , Zhu Songyan , Chen Liangfu
Published: September 2018

The temporal and spatial distributions of tropospheric ozone and its precursors (NO2, CO, HCHO) are analyzed over Guangxi (GX) in South China. We used tropospheric column ozone (TCO) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard the Aura satellite (OMI/MLS), NO2 and HCHO from OMI and CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument in the period 2005–2016. The TCO shows strong seasonality, with the highest value in spring and the lowest value observed in the monsoon season. The seasonal variation of HCHO is similar to that of TCO, while NO2 and CO show slightly different patterns with higher values in spring and winter compared to lower values in autumn and summer. The surface ozone, NO2 and CO observed by national air quality monitoring network sites are also compared with satellite-observed TCO, NO2 and CO, showing good agreement for NO2 and CO but a different seasonal pattern for ozone. Unlike TCO, surface ozone has the highest value in autumn and the lowest value in winter. To reveal the difference, the vertical profiles of ozone and CO from the measurement of ozone and water vapor by airbus in-service aircraft (MOZAIC) observations over South China are also examined. The seasonal averaged vertical profiles of ozone and CO show obvious enhancements at 2–6 km altitudes in spring. Furthermore, we investigate the dependence of TCO and surface ozone on meteorology and transport in detail along with the ECMWF reanalysis data, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3BV42 dataset, OMI ultraviolet index (UV index) dataset, MODIS Fire Radiative Power (FRP) and back trajectory. Our results show that the wind pattern at 800 hPa plays a significant role in determining the seasonality of TCO over GX, especially for the highest value in spring. Trajectory analysis, combined with MODIS FRP suggests that the air masses that passed through the biomass burning (BB) region of Southeast Asia (SEA) induced the enhancement of TCO and CO in the upper-middle troposphere in spring. However, the seasonal cycle of surface ozone is associated with wind patterns at 950 hPa, and the contribution of the photochemical effect is offset by the strong summer monsoon, which results in the maximum surface ozone concentration in post-monsoon September. The variations in the meteorological conditions at different levels and the influence of transport from SEA can account for the vertical distribution of ozone and CO. We conclude that the seasonal distribution of TCO results from the combined impact of meteorology and long-term transport.
Proliferative and Invasive Colorectal Tumors in Pet Dogs Provide Unique Insights into Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wang Jin , Wang Tianfang , Sun Yanfang , Feng Yuan , Kisseberth William C. , Henry Carolyn J. , Mok Irene , Lana Susan E. , Dobbin Kevin , Northrup Nicole , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Zhao Shaying
Published: September 2018

Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs represent a valuable but undercharacterized cancer model. To better use this resource, we performed an initial global comparison between proliferative and invasive colorectal tumors from 20 canine cases, and evaluated their molecular homology to human colorectal cancer (CRC). First, proliferative canine tumors harbor overactivated WNT/β-catenin pathways and recurrent CTNNB1 (β-catenin) mutations S45F/P, D32Y and G34E. Invasive canine tumors harbor prominent fibroblast proliferation and overactivated stroma. Both groups have recurrent TP53 mutations. We observed three invasion patterns in canine tumors: collective, crypt-like and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We detected enriched Helicobacter bilis and Alistipes finegoldii in proliferative and crypt-like tumors, but depleted mucosa-microbes in the EMT tumor. Second, guided by our canine findings, we classified 79% of 478 human colon cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas into four subtypes: primarily proliferative, or with collective, crypt-like or EMT invasion features. Their molecular characteristics match those of canine tumors. We showed that consensus molecular subtype 4 (mesenchymal) of human CRC should be further divided into EMT and crypt-like subtypes, which differ in TGF-β activation and mucosa-microbe content. Our canine tumors share the same pathogenic pathway as human CRCs. Dog-human integration identifies three CRC invasion patterns and improves CRC subtyping.
Microemulsion-Based One-Step Electrochemical Fabrication of Mesoporous Catalysts
Authors: Serrà Albert , Vallés Elisa
Published: September 2018

Electrochemical technology has been proposed as an alternative or complementary method to classical inorganic synthesis for the fabrication of effective metallic solid catalysts. Microemulsion-based electrodeposition is a novel, fast, and one-step procedure to obtain mesoporous catalysts with extraordinarily effective areas, which can be used in heterogeneous catalysis for degradation of pollutants and clean energy production. The fabrication process involves conducting microemulsions containing ionic species (dissolved in aqueous solutions) as precursors of the metallic catalysts. The presence of nanometric droplets of organic or ionic-liquid components in the microemulsion defines the mesoporosity of the catalysts during a one-step electrodeposition process. This method also allows the fabrication of metal catalysts as supported mesoporous films or mesoporous nanowires with very high effective areas. Additionally, reactants have excellent accessibility to the overall surface of the catalysts. The different catalysts fabricated with the help of this technology have been tested for competitive degradation of organic pollutants and anodes' materials for fuel cell devices.
Online Characterization Algorithms for Optical Coating Production with Broadband Monitoring
Authors: Tikhonravov Alexander , Kochikov Igor , Isaev Temur , Lukyanenko Dmitry , Yagola Anatoly
Published: September 2018

Algorithms for the online determination of thicknesses of already-deposited layers are important for the reliable control of optical coating production. Possible ways of constructing such algorithms in the case of coating production with direct broadband monitoring are discussed. A modified triangular algorithm is proposed. In contrast to the well-known triangular algorithm, the new algorithm does not determine all thicknesses of previously deposited layers but only those for which an increase in the accuracy of their determination is to be expected. The most promising algorithms are compared in terms of their accuracy and operational speed. It is shown that the modified triangular algorithm is much faster than the triangular algorithm, and both algorithms have close accuracy. The operational speed of the modified triangular algorithm can be a decisive factor for its use in modern broadband monitoring systems.
Temperature Effects on the Elastic Constants, Stacking Fault Energy and Twinnability of Ni3Si and Ni3Ge: A First-Principles Study
Authors: Liu Lili , Chen Liwan , Jiang Youchang , He Chenglin , Xu Gang , Wen Yufeng
Published: September 2018

The volume versus temperature relations for Ni 3 Si and Ni 3 Ge are obtained by using the first principles calculations combined with the quasiharmonic approach. Based on the equilibrium volumes at temperature T, the temperature dependence of the elastic constants, generalized stacking fault energies and generalized planar fault energies of Ni 3 Si and Ni 3 Ge are investigated by first principles calculations. The elastic constants, antiphase boundary energies, complex stacking fault energies, superlattice intrinsic stacking fault energies and twinning energy decrease with increasing temperature. The twinnability of Ni 3 Si and Ni 3 Ge are examined using the twinnability criteria. It is found that their twinnability decrease with increasing temperature. Furthermore, Ni 3 Si has better twinnability than Ni 3 Ge at different temperatures.
Thermal and Chemical Expansion in Proton Ceramic Electrolytes and Compatible Electrodes
Authors: Løken Andreas , Ricote Sandrine , Wachowski Sebastian
Published: September 2018

This review paper focuses on the phenomenon of thermochemical expansion of two specific categories of conducting ceramics: Proton Conducting Ceramics (PCC) and Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors (MIEC). The theory of thermal expansion of ceramics is underlined from microscopic to macroscopic points of view while the chemical expansion is explained based on crystallography and defect chemistry. Modelling methods are used to predict the thermochemical expansion of PCCs and MIECs with two examples: hydration of barium zirconate (BaZr1−xYxO3−δ) and oxidation/reduction of La1−xSrxCo0.2Fe0.8O3−δ. While it is unusual for a review paper, we conducted experiments to evaluate the influence of the heating rate in determining expansion coefficients experimentally. This was motivated by the discrepancy of some values in literature. The conclusions are that the heating rate has little to no effect on the obtained values. Models for the expansion coefficients of a composite material are presented and include the effect of porosity. A set of data comprising thermal and chemical expansion coefficients has been gathered from the literature and presented here divided into two groups: protonic electrolytes and mixed ionic-electronic conductors. Finally, the methods of mitigation of the thermal mismatch problem are discussed.
A Tribute to Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel (1918–2017)
Authors: Oberprieler Rolf G. , Lyal Christopher H. C. , Pullen Kimberi R. , Elgueta Mario , Leschen Richard A. B. , Brown Samuel D. J.
Published: September 2018

This tribute commemorates the life and work of Guillermo (Willy) Kuschel, who made substantial contributions to the understanding of weevil systematics, evolution and biology. Willy was born in Chile in 1918 and studied philosophy, theology and biology. He became fascinated by weevils early on and completed his Ph.D. degree on South American Erirhinini. Subsequent employment by the University of Chile provided him with many opportunities to further his weevil research and undertake numerous collecting expeditions, including to remote and rugged locations such as the Juan Fernandez Islands and southern Chile. In 1963 he accepted a position at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Zealand, where he became Head of the Systematics Group in the Entomology Division. His emphasis on field work and collections led to the establishment of the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, which he guided through its greatest period of expansion. His retirement in 1983 offered him increased opportunities to pursue his weevil research. In 1988 he presented a new scheme of the higher classification of weevils, which ignited and inspired much subsequent research into weevil systematics. The breadth and quality of his research and his huge collecting efforts have left a legacy that will benefit future entomologists, especially weevil workers, for decades to come. This tribute presents a biography of Willy and accounts of his contributions to, and impact on, the systematics of weevils both regionally and globally. All of his publications and the genera and species named after him are listed in two appendices.
Information Theory and Cognition: A Review
Authors: Sayood Khalid
Published: September 2018

We examine how information theory has been used to study cognition over the last seven decades. After an initial burst of activity in the 1950s, the backlash that followed stopped most work in this area. The last couple of decades has seen both a revival of interest, and a more firmly grounded, experimentally justified use of information theory. We can view cognition as the process of transforming perceptions into information—where we use information in the colloquial sense of the word. This last clarification is one of the problems we run into when trying to use information theoretic principles to understand or analyze cognition. Information theory is mathematical, while cognition is a subjective phenomenon. It is relatively easy to discern a subjective connection between cognition and information; it is a different matter altogether to apply the rigor of information theory to the process of cognition. In this paper, we will look at the many ways in which people have tried to alleviate this problem. These approaches range from narrowing the focus to only quantifiable aspects of cognition or borrowing conceptual machinery from information theory to address issues of cognition. We describe applications of information theory across a range of cognition research, from neural coding to cognitive control and predictive coding.
Identification of Power Transformer Winding Fault Types by a Hierarchical Dimension Reduction Classifier
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Gao Wensheng , Kari Tusongjiang , Lin Huan
Published: September 2018

Frequency response analysis (FRA) demonstrates significant advantages in the diagnosis of transformer winding faults. The instrument market desires intelligent diagnostic functions to ensure that the FRA technique is more practically useful. In this paper, a hierarchical dimension reduction (HDR) classifier is proposed to identify types of typical incipient winding faults. The classifier procedure is hierarchical. First, measured frequency response (FR) curves are preprocessed using binarization and binary erosion to normalize FR data. Second, the pre-processed data are divided into groups according to the definition of dynamic frequency sub-bands. Then, hybrid algorithms comprised of two conventional and two novel quantitative indices are used to reduce the dimension of the FR data and extract the features for identifying typical types of transformer winding faults. The classifier provides an integration of a priori expertise and quantitative analysis in the furtherance of the automatic identification of FR data. Twenty-six sets of FR data from different types of power transformers with multiple types of winding faults were collected from an experimental simulation, literature, and real tests performed by a grid company. Finally, real case studies were conducted to verify the performance of the HDR classifier in the automatic identification of transformer winding faults.
Mixed Kernel Function Support Vector Regression with Genetic Algorithm for Forecasting Dissolved Gas Content in Power Transformers
Authors: Kari Tusongjiang , Gao Wensheng , Tuluhong Ayiguzhali , Yaermaimaiti Yilihamu , Zhang Ziwei
Published: September 2018

Forecasting dissolved gas content in power transformers plays a significant role in detecting incipient faults and maintaining the safety of the power system. Though various forecasting models have been developed, there is still room to further improve prediction performance. In this paper, a new forecasting model is proposed by combining mixed kernel function-based support vector regression (MKF-SVR) and genetic algorithm (GA). First, forecasting performance of SVR models constructed with a single kernel are compared, and then Gaussian kernel and polynomial kernel are retained due to better learning and prediction ability. Next, a mixed kernel, which integrates a Gaussian kernel with a polynomial kernel, is used to establish a SVR-based forecasting model. Genetic algorithm (GA) and leave-one-out cross validation are employed to determine the free parameters of MKF-SVR, while mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and squared correlation coefficient (r2) are applied to assess the quality of the parameters. The proposed model is implemented on a practical dissolved gas dataset and promising results are obtained. Finally, the forecasting performance of the proposed model is compared with three other approaches, including RBFNN, GRNN and GM. The experimental and comparison results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms other popular models in terms of forecasting accuracy and fitting capability.
A Statistical Modeling Methodology for Long-Term Wind Generation and Power Ramp Simulations in New Generation Locations
Authors: Ekström Jussi , Koivisto Matti , Mellin Ilkka , Millar Robert John , Lehtonen Matti
Published: September 2018

In future power systems, a large share of the energy will be generated with wind power plants (WPPs) and other renewable energy sources. With the increasing wind power penetration, the variability of the net generation in the system increases. Consequently, it is imperative to be able to assess and model the behavior of the WPP generation in detail. This paper presents an improved methodology for the detailed statistical modeling of wind power generation from multiple new WPPs without measurement data. A vector autoregressive based methodology, which can be applied to long-term Monte Carlo simulations of existing and new WPPs, is proposed. The proposed model improves the performance of the existing methodology and can more accurately analyze the temporal correlation structure of aggregated wind generation at the system level. This enables the model to assess the impact of new WPPs on the wind power ramp rates in a power system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, it is verified against hourly wind speed measurements from six locations in Finland and the aggregated wind power generation from Finland in 2015. Furthermore, a case study analyzing the impact of the geographical distribution of WPPs on wind power ramps is included.
Analysis to Input Current Zero Crossing Distortion of Bridgeless Rectifier Operating under Different Power Factors
Authors: Liu Jinqi , Liu Yizhou , Zhuang Yuan , Wang Cong
Published: September 2018

The principles and operating characteristics of bridgeless rectifiers under different power factors are discussed with emphasis on analyzing the input current distortion. Firstly, two driving modes are analyzed and compared. Based on the results of comparison it is concluded that the complementary drive mode is a better choice in terms of reducing the current distortion when bridgeless rectifier operates on non-unity power factor. Then, the mechanism causing input current zero-crossing distortion is analyzed. The input current during the distortion is expressed by the piecewise function when a bridgeless rectifier operates under complementary drive mode. Based on the piecewise function, the harmonic analysis is performed. Besides, the relationships between the input current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and the filtering inductance, the input current amplitude and the power factor angle are also investigated, which is useful when designing bridgeless rectifiers and selecting the corresponding parameters. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified through the simulation and experiment.
When Is Green Too Rosy? Evidence from a Laboratory Market Experiment on Green Goods and Externalities
Authors: Fernandes Maria Eduarda , Valente Marieta
Published: September 2018

In a context where sustainable consumption and production need to be encouraged, economic experiments can provide significant insights into how individuals consider environmental externalities in their choices and how public policy can foster the environmental public good. Experimental studies aiming to evaluate market mitigation of externalities through the provision of green goods usually choose to adopt neutral language in terms of framing. Our study implements an incentivized economics experiment to explore how supply and demand consider negative externalities. Furthermore, the study addresses the impact of using non-abstract wording when describing negative externalities. Two types of goods can be produced and bought, namely goods generating negative externalities on other consumers (either labelled as B or brown) and goods that cause no harm to others (either labelled A or green). We conclude that the provision of green goods increases from 18.1% in the abstract frame to 70% in the environmental frame. Framing is, therefore, a relevant variable for the outcome of this experimental market. This has important implications for economic experiments aiming to evaluate pro-environmental behaviours and provide policy orientations for the provision of green goods.
Indoor Multi-Risk Scenarios of Climate Change Effects on Building Materials in Scandinavian Countries
Authors: Loli Arian , Bertolin Chiara
Published: September 2018

Within the built environment, historic buildings are among the most vulnerable structures to the climate change impact. In the Scandinavian countries, the risk from climatic changes is more pronounced and the right adaptation interventions should be chosen properly. This article, through a multidisciplinary approach, links the majority of climate-induced decay variables for different building materials with the buildings’ capacity to change due to their protection status. The method tends to be general as it assesses the decay level for different building materials, sizes, and locations. The application of the method in 38 locations in the Scandinavian countries shows that the risk from climatic changes is imminent. In the far future (2071–2100), chemical and biological decays will slightly increase, especially in the southern part of the peninsula, while the mechanical decay of the building materials kept indoors will generally decrease. Furthermore, the merge of the decay results with the protection level of the building will serve as a good indicator to plan the right level and time of intervention for adapting to the future climatic changes.
Rational Use of Medicines in Neonates: Current Observations, Areas for Research and Perspectives
Authors: Allegaert Karel
Published: September 2018

A focused reflection on rational medicines use in neonates is valuable and relevant, because indicators to assess rational medicines use are difficult to apply to neonates. Polypharmacy and exposure to antibiotics are common, while dosing regimens or clinical guidelines are only rarely supported by robust evidence in neonates. This is at least in part due to the extensive variability in pharmacokinetics and subsequent effects of medicines in neonates. Medicines utilization research informs us on trends, on between unit variability and on the impact of guideline implementation. We illustrate these aspects using data on drugs for gastroesophageal reflux, analgesics or anti-epileptic drugs. Areas for additional research are drug-related exposure during breastfeeding (exposure prediction) and how to assess safety (tools to assess seriousness, causality, and severity tailored to neonates) since both efficacy and safety determine rational drug use. To further improve rational medicines use, we need more data and tools to assess efficacy and safety in neonates. Moreover, we should facilitate access to such data, and explore strategies for effective implementation. This is because prescription practices are not only rational decisions, but also have psychosocial aspects that may guide clinicians to irrational practices, in part influenced by the psychosocial characteristics of this population.