bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma-Bioenriched Vermicompost Induces Defense Response and Promotes Plant Growth in Thai Rice Variety “Chor Khing”
Authors: Wonglom Prisana , Ruangwong On-Uma , Poncheewin Wasin , Arikit Siwaret , Riangwong Kanamon , Sunpapao Anurag
Published: August 2024

Vermicompost (VC) produced by African nightcrawler earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) is a natural fertilizer with a rich microbial community. Trichoderma asperelloides PSU-P1 is an effective antagonistic microorganism with multifaceted activity mechanisms. This research aimed to develop Trichoderma-bioenriched vermicompost (TBVC) to promote plant growth and induce the defense response in the Thai rice variety “Chor Khing”. T. asperelloides PSU-P1 was tested against Rhizoctonia solani, the pathogen of sheath blight disease, using a dual-culture assay. The results showed that T. asperelloides PSU-P1 effectively inhibited R. solani in vitro growth by 70.48%. The TBVC was prepared by adding a conidial suspension (108 conidia/mL) to vermicompost. The viability of Trichoderma persisted in the vermicompost for 6 months and ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 × 107 CFU/mL. Vermicompost water extracts significantly enhanced seed germination, root length, and shoot length compared to a control group (p < 0.05). Plants that received the TBVC displayed significantly longer shoot and root lengths and higher total chlorophyll content than control plants (p < 0.05). The TBVC induced defense response by increasing the enzyme activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in comparison with control plants. Rice grown in the TBVC had a significantly reduced incidence of sheath blight caused by R. solani in comparison with control rice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the fungal community of rice plants was analyzed via the high-throughput next-generation sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The fungal community in the TBVC had greater alpha diversity than the community in the VC. Phylum Ascomycota was dominant in both samples, and a heat map showed that Trichoderma was more prevalent in the TBVC than in the VC. Our results indicate that the enrichment of VC with Trichoderma increases growth, enhances the defense response, and reduces the incidence of sheath blight disease in the Thai rice variety “Chor Khing”.
Diversity and Pathogenicity of Six Diaporthe Species from Juglans regia in China
Authors: Jia Aoli , Lin Lu , Li Yixuan , Fan Xinlei
Published: August 2024

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is cultivated extensively in China for its substantial economic potential as a woody oil species. However, many diseases caused by Diaporthe greatly affect the health of Juglans regia trees. The present study revealed the presence of Diaporthe species from Juglans regia. A total of six species of Diaporthe were isolated from twigs of Juglans regia in three provinces in China, including two known species (Diaporthe gammata and D. tibetensis) and four novel species (D. chaotianensis, D. olivacea, D. shangluoensis and D. shangrilaensis). Phylogenetic relationships of the new species were determined by multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, calmodulin (cal) gene, histone H3 (his3) gene, translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene and β-tubulin (tub2) gene. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all Diaporthe species obtained in this study were confirmed as pathogens of Juglans regia. This study deepens the understanding of species associated with several disease symptoms in Juglans regia and provides useful information for effective disease control.
An Empirical Test of the Impact of the Online Review–Review Skepticism Mechanism on Behavioral Intentions: A Time-Lag Interval Approach between Pre- and Post-Visits in the Hospitality Industry
Authors: Wen Tianhao , Ha Hong-Youl
Published: August 2024

The relationship between online review types and their outcomes is dynamic. However, it remains unclear how the influence of the three prominent kinds of online reviews (ratings, photos, and text) evolves from the initial to the phases of the restaurant visit cycle. To address this gap in the literature, this study administers a survey in mainland China using two time-lag intervals. Based on the data collection methodology proposed in the consumption-system approach, this survey separates the pre- (T1) and post- (T2) stages of specific restaurant visits. While rating reviews’ direct impact on behavioral intentions increases during the visit cycle, that of photo reviews does not change before and after restaurant visits. As for text reviews, these do not directly influence behavioral intentions before a restaurant visit; however, the impact increases after a visit, highlighting a difference in behavioral responses between the pre- and post-restaurant-visit phases. Rating reviews’ direct effect on review skepticism is negatively significant after visiting a restaurant; moreover, review skepticism is important in mediating the relationship between rating reviews and behavioral intentions after a visit.
Key Factors Affecting Carbon-Saving Intensity and Efficiency Based on the Structure of Green Space
Authors: Zhang Guohao , Du Chenyu , Ge Shidong
Published: August 2024

Urban green spaces (UGSs) play a critical role in regulating global carbon cycling and mitigating the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Research increasingly demonstrates that UGSs not only sequester carbon through photosynthesis but also effectively save carbon emissions by mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, understanding the carbon-saving capacity (CSC) and the role of landscape patterns of UGSs in warming cities remains limited. Therefore, we have evaluated the carbon-saving capacity of UGSs in the main urban area of Shangqiu City by utilizing high-resolution remote sensing data and machine learning techniques. The study has focused on green patches larger than 10,000 m2 and has analyzed the influence of landscape patterns of UGSs on carbon saving intensity (CSI) and carbon saving efficiency (CSE). The results reveal that the total CSI and the average CSE of UGSs are 7716 t CO2 and 2.9 t CO2 ha−1 in Shangqiu, respectively. Landscape patterns of UGSs can explain 82% and 64% of the variability in CSI and CSE variance, respectively. Specifically, green space area is the critical determinant of CSI and CSE, followed by the perimeter–area ratio, shape index, and fractal dimension of UGSs. Therefore, this study advocates for the strategic integration of UGSs into city planning, emphasizing their spatial distribution and configuration to maximize their cooling and carbon-saving capacity.
Spatial Cognition, Modality and Language Emergence: Cognitive Representation of Space in Yucatec Maya Sign Language (Mexico)
Authors: Le Guen Olivier , Tuz Baas José Alfredo
Published: August 2024

This paper analyzes spatial gestures and cognition in a new, or so-called “emerging”, visual language, the Yucatec Maya Sign Language (YSML). This sign language was created by deaf and hearing signers in various Yucatec Maya villages on the Yucatec Peninsula (Mexico). Although the sign language is not a signed version of spoken Yucatec Maya, both languages evolve in a similar cultural setting. Studies have shown that cultures around the world seem to rely on one preferred spatial Frame of Reference (FoR), shaping in many ways how people orient themselves and think about the world around them. Prior research indicated that Yucatec Maya speakers rely on the use of the geocentric FoR. However, contrary to other cultures, it is mainly observable through the production of gestures and not speech only. In the case of space, gestures in spoken Yucatec Maya exhibit linguistic features, having the status of a lexicon. Our research question is the following: if the preferred spatial FoR among the Yucatec Mayas is based on co-expressivity and spatial linguistic content visually transmitted via multimodal interactions, will deaf signers of an emerging language created in the same cultural setting share the same cognitive preference? In order to answer this question, we conducted three experimental tasks in three different villages where YMSL is in use: a non-verbal rotation task, a Director-Matcher task and a localization task. Results indicate that YMSL signers share the same preference for the geocentric FoR.
New Insights Concerning Phytophotodermatitis Induced by Phototoxic Plants
Authors: Grosu (Dumitrescu) Cristina , Jîjie Alex-Robert , Manea Horaţiu , Moacă Elena-Alina , Iftode Andrada , Minda Daliana , Chioibaş Raul , Dehelean Cristina-Adriana , Vlad Cristian
Published: August 2024

The present review explores the underlying mechanisms of phytophotodermatitis, a non-immunologic skin reaction triggered by certain plants followed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation emitted by sunlight. Recent research has advanced our understanding of the pathophysiology of phytophotodermatitis, highlighting the interaction between plant-derived photosensitizing compounds (e.g., furanocoumarins and psoralens) and ultraviolet light leading to skin damage (e.g., erythema, fluid blisters, edema, and hyperpigmentation), identifying these compounds as key contributors to the phototoxic reactions causing phytophotodermatitis. Progress in understanding the molecular pathways involved in the skin’s response to these compounds has opened avenues for identifying potential therapeutic targets suitable for the management and prevention of this condition. The review emphasizes the importance of identifying the most common phototoxic plant families (e.g., Apiaceae, Rutaceae, and Moraceae) and plant species (e.g., Heracleum mantegazzianum, Ruta graveolens, Ficus carica, and Pastinaca sativa), as well as the specific phytochemical compounds responsible for inducing phytophototoxicity (e.g., limes containing furocoumarin have been linked to lime-induced photodermatitis), underscoring the significance of recognizing the dangerous plant sources. Moreover, the most used approaches and tests for accurate diagnosis such as patch testing, Wood’s lamp examination, or skin biopsy are presented. Additionally, preventive measures such as adequate clothing (e.g., long-sleeved garments and gloves) and treatment strategies based on the current knowledge of phytophotodermatitis including topical and systemic therapies are discussed. Overall, the review consolidates recent findings in the field, covering a diverse array of phototoxic compounds in plants, the mechanisms by which they trigger skin reactions, and the implications for clinical management. By synthesizing these insights, we provide a comprehensive understanding of phytophotodermatitis, providing valuable information for both healthcare professionals and researchers working to address this condition.
Clinicopathological Aspects of Dilation and Curettage (D&C) Biopsies Taken from Patients Living at High Altitude in Taif, KSA, with a Special Emphasis on Chronic Endometritis
Authors: Hagag Howaida M. , Ismail Khadiga A. , Almutairi Mashael M. , Alnefaie Bushra I. , Alajmani Seham H. , Altalhi Ashwaq M. , Alkhamash Abdulaziz H. , Althobaiti Naif S. , Alhumaidi Mohammed Awadh , Bawahab Ahmed Abdulwahab , Hasan Abdulkarim
Published: August 2024

Background: Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammation of the uterine lining. Although it has a minimal clinical presentation, CE adversely affects the reproductive ability of women. The aims of this study were to detect pathological endometrial patterns in D&C biopsies and to evaluate chronic endometritis in patients living in a high-altitude area (1800 m above sea level) in order to determine the clinical pathological features and prevalence. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at King Faisal Maternity Hospital included 100 samples of D&C biopsies from women complaining of various gynecological symptoms not due to gestational causes. The biopsies underwent tissue processing, H&E staining, and CD138 detection. Blood samples were taken for serological detection of infectious diseases, complete blood count, and chemical parameters. Results: The mean age of women in the study with CE was 48.5 ± 8.5 years, and that of those without CE was 46.9 ± 9.7 years. The most common complaints were abnormal uterine bleeding, accounting for 83%. CE was present in 8% of cases, and there was a nonsignificant difference in hematological parameters between women with CE and those with other pathological diagnoses. There were also nonsignificant differences in chemical parameters, except for FSH and LH levels, which showed a significant difference, with p-values of 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. It can be concluded that the most common gynecological complaint of women in this study was abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusions: The most commonly diagnosed pathological endometrial disorder in D&C biopsies was disordered proliferative endometrium, followed by endometrial polyps and endometrial hyperplasia. All of these are usually associated with hormonal disturbance, which appeared to be very common in the women in this study. The prevalence of chronic endometritis detected in our study was 8%, which is relatively high.
Ab Initio Investigation of the Hydration of the Tetrahedral d0 Transition Metal Oxoanions NbO43−, TaO43−, CrO42−, MoO42−, WO42−, MnO4−, TcO4−, ReO4−, and of FeO4, RuO4, and OsO4
Authors: Goodall Barbara L. , Ferguson Jane P. , Pye Cory C.
Published: August 2024

The geometries and vibrational frequencies of various configurations of XO4m−(H2O)n, X = Fe, Ru, Os, m = 0; X = Mn, Tc, Re, m = 1; X = Cr, Mo, W, m = 2; and X = Nb, Ta, m = 3; n = 0–6 are calculated at various levels up to MP2/6-31+G* and B3LYP/6-31+G*. These properties are studied as a function of increasing cluster size. The experimental and theoretical bond distances and vibrational spectra are compared where available, and predictions are made where they are not.
Evaluation of the Impact of Parylene C Deposition Method on the Functional Properties of Fabrics
Authors: Miśkiewicz Pamela , Puszkarz Adam K. , Machnowski Waldemar , Nosal Andrzej
Published: August 2024

The article presents the results of research on the impact of the use of an original, innovative method of deposition of Parylene C on the functional properties of fabrics with various potential applications (e.g., thermal and chemical protective clothing, packaging, covers and others). Verification of the effects of the method used was based on interdisciplinary research taking into account the impact of coating fabrics on changes in their structure (micro-CT), surface properties (contact angle), barrier properties (water and chemical liquid wetting), electrostatic properties (charge decay), biophysical properties describing heat and mass transfer (by the Alambeta system and thermal imaging) and flammable properties. Four fabrics made of synthetic organic fibres (meta-aramid, para-aramid) and natural inorganic fibres (basalt) were selected for testing. Given the complex structure of textile substrates, the results confirmed that the two assumed thicknesses of the Parylene C coating were consistent with the actual measurements. The findings indicated that the coatings significantly reduced water and acid absorption in the fabrics compared to unmodified ones. Thermal insulation property tests revealed that coated fabrics exhibited higher thermal conductivity than unmodified fabrics. Additionally, the presence of Parylene C on aramid fabrics resulted in a modest increase in their ignition resistance.
Effect of Crevice Size on Crevice Corrosion of N80 Carbon Steel in CO2-Saturated NaCl-HAc Solution
Authors: Hu Pengfei , Cai Guangyi , Li Yizhou
Published: August 2024

The effect of crevice size on the crevice corrosion of N80 carbon steel was investigated by electrochemical measurements and surface analysis in a CO2-saturated NaCl-HAc solution. The N80 carbon steel exhibits a high susceptibility to crevice corrosion in this environment, which can be initiated immediately without an induction period for specimens with crevice sizes of 100 μm, 300 μm, and 500 μm. Typically, crevice solutions become more acidic during crevice corrosion; however, in this study, the crevice solution became alkaline, resulting in galvanic corrosion between the inner and outer steel surfaces and leading to severe crevice corrosion. The pH levels of the crevice solution for specimens with 100 μm and 300 μm crevice sizes are similar, but both are notably higher than that of the specimen with a 500 μm crevice size. As a result, there is no significant difference in the crevice corrosion phenomenon between specimens with 100 μm and 300 μm crevice sizes, but it is more severe than in the specimen with a 500 μm crevice size.
Enhanced Supercapacitor and Cycle-Life Performance: Self-Supported Nanohybrid Electrodes of Hydrothermally Grown MnO2 Nanorods on Carbon Nanotubes in Neutral Electrolyte
Authors: Bouachma Soraya , Zheng Xiaoying , Moreno Zuria Alonso , Kechouane Mohamed , Gabouze Noureddine , Mohamedi Mohamed
Published: August 2024

Efficient and sustainable energy storage remains a critical challenge in the advancement of energy technologies. This study presents the fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of a self-supporting electrode material composed of MnO2 nanorods grown directly on a carbon paper and carbon nanotube (CNT) substrate using a hydrothermal method. The resulting CNT/MnO2 electrodes exhibit a unique structural architecture with a high surface area and a three-dimensional hierarchical arrangement, contributing to a substantial electrochemical surface area. Electrochemical testing reveals remarkable performance characteristics, including a specific capacitance of up to 316.5 F/g, which is 11 times greater than that of conventional CP/MnO2 electrodes. Moreover, the CNT/MnO2 electrodes demonstrate outstanding retention capacity, exhibiting a remarkable 165% increase over 10,000 cycles. Symmetric supercapacitor devices utilizing CNT/MnO2 electrodes maintain a large voltage window of 3 V and a specific capacitance as high as 200 F/g. These results underscore the potential of free-standing CNT/MnO2 electrodes to advance the development of high-performance supercapacitors, which can be crucial for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions in various industrial and manufacturing applications.
Utilization of Fibrous Mat Residues from Upholstered Furniture as Sustainable Fillers in Plywood Production
Authors: Bartoszuk Katarzyna , Kowaluk Grzegorz
Published: August 2024

Nonwoven upholstery fabric is a waste product which is mainly generated during upholstered furniture production. The polyester composition makes it problematic to recycle and reuse this product. This study examined the manufacturing process of nonwoven fabric-reinforced plywood composites and their selected mechanical and physical properties. Nonwoven fabric was integrated between veneers bound with urea–formaldehyde resin to improve standard layered composites’ mechanical and physical properties. Several board variants were produced, differing in the position of the nonwoven layers in the composite structure. The composites were evaluated for modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond, and screw withdrawal resistance, among others. The results showed that the addition of nonwoven fabric significantly improved some properties, like internal bond and screw withdrawal resistance. Variants with strategically placed nonwoven layers showed the highest performance increases. The results underscore the potential of nonwoven fabric as an effective reinforcing material, offering a path to developing high-performance plywood composites suitable for demanding applications. Another environmental advantage is that the nonwoven fabric waste used in the tested plywood production has not been subjected to burning or landfilling but, through its incorporation into plywood structure, has positively contributed to the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) policy. The findings advocate for a circular economy approach, in which industrial waste is effectively repurposed, contributing to the development of green materials in the wood-based composite industry.
Evaluation of the Tellurium Dioxide Crystal Shear Acoustic Wave Attenuation at 40–140 MHz Frequency
Authors: Mi Zhiyuan , Zhao Huijie , Guo Qi , Yu Yue , Liang Yaoxing
Published: August 2024

The attenuation of slow shear acoustic waves in the (110) plane of tellurium dioxide (TeO2) crystals was investigated. The strong acoustic anisotropy of TeO2 crystals results in a non-uniform acoustic power distribution, which can introduce errors in conventional acousto-optic testing methods. In this study, we propose a general method to measure the acoustic power distribution along the propagation direction of acoustic waves in non-collinear acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTFs). Additionally, we analyze the errors introduced by the non-uniform acoustic field resulting from strong acoustic anisotropy in acousto-optic testing methods. The measurements were carried out for a crystal cutoff angle of 6.5° from the [110] axis, for the ultrasound frequency range from 40 to 140 MHz. The attenuation coefficients were determined and their quadratic dependence on ultrasound frequency was confirmed.
A Study on the Performance of Adaptive Neural Networks for Haze Reduction with a Focus on Precision
Authors: Alshahir Ahmed , Kaaniche Khaled , Abbas Ghulam , Mercorelli Paolo , Albekairi Mohammed , Alanazi Meshari D.
Published: August 2024

Visual clarity is significantly compromised, and the efficacy of numerous computer vision tasks is impeded by the widespread presence of haze in images. Innovative approaches to accurately minimize haze while keeping image features are needed to address this difficulty. The difficulties of current methods and the need to create better ones are brought to light in this investigation of the haze removal problem. The main goal is to provide a region-specific haze reduction approach by utilizing an Adaptive Neural Training Net (ANTN). The suggested technique uses adaptive training procedures with external haze images, pixel-segregated images, and haze-reduced images. Iteratively comparing spectral differences in hazy and non-hazy areas improves accuracy and decreases haze reduction errors. This study shows that the recommended strategy significantly improves upon the existing training ratio, region differentiation, and precision methods. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, with a 9.83% drop in mistake rate and a 14.55% drop in differentiating time. This study’s findings highlight the value of adaptable neural networks for haze reduction without losing image quality. The research concludes with a positive outlook on the future of haze reduction methods, which should lead to better visual clarity and overall performance across a wide range of computer vision applications.
Extrapolation of Physics-Inspired Deep Networks in Learning Robot Inverse Dynamics
Authors: Li Zhiming , Wu Shuangshuang , Chen Wenbai , Sun Fuchun
Published: August 2024

Accurate robot dynamics models are crucial for safe and stable control as well as for generalization to new conditions. Data-driven methods are increasingly used in robotics dynamics modeling for their superior approximation, with extrapolation performance being a critical efficacy indicator. While deep learning is widely used, it often overlooks essential physical principles, leading to weaker extrapolation capabilities. Recent innovations have introduced physics-inspired deep networks that integrate deep learning with physics, leading to improved extrapolation due to their informed structure, but potentially to underfitting in real-world scenarios due to the presence of unmodeled phenomena. This paper presents an experimental framework to assess the extrapolation capabilities of data-driven methods. Using this framework, physics-inspired deep networks are applied to learn the inverse dynamics models of a simulated robotic manipulator and two real physical systems. The results show that under ideal observation conditions physics-inspired models can learn the system’s underlying structure and demonstrate strong extrapolation capabilities, indicating a promising direction in robotics by offering more accurate and interpretable models. However, in real systems their extrapolation often falls short because the physical priors do not capture all dynamic phenomena, indicating room for improvement in practical applications.
Signaling Security Games with Attack Planner Deception
Authors: He Santing , Li Mingchu , Zhang Runfa
Published: August 2024

This paper studies a class of attack behavior in which adversaries assume the role of initiators, orchestrating and implementing attacks by hiring executors. We examine the dynamics of strategic attacks, modeling the initiator as an attack planner and constructing the interaction with the defender within a defender–attack planner framework. The individuals tasked with executing the attacks are identified as attackers. To ensure the attackers’ adherence to the planner’s directives, we concurrently consider the interests of each attacker by formulating a multi-objective problem. Furthermore, acknowledging the information asymmetry where defenders have incomplete knowledge of the planners’ payments and the attackers’ profiles, and recognizing the planner’s potential to exploit this for strategic deception, we develop a defender–attack planner model with deception based on signaling games. Subsequently, through the analysis of the interaction between the defender and planner, we refine the model into a tri-level programming problem. To address this, we introduce an effective decomposition algorithm leveraging genetic algorithms. Ultimately, our numerical experiments substantiate that the attack planner’s deceptive strategy indeed yield greater benefits.
Study of Flexibility Transformation in Thermal Power Enterprises under Multi-Factor Drivers: Application of Complex-Network Evolutionary Game Theory
Authors: Cheng Lefeng , Peng Pan , Lu Wentian , Huang Pengrong , Chen Yang
Published: August 2024

With the increasing share of renewable energy in the grid and the enhanced flexibility of the future power system, it is imperative for thermal power companies to explore alternative strategies. The flexible transformation of thermal power units is an effective strategy to address the previously mentioned challenges; however, the factors influencing the diffusion of this technology merit further investigation, yet they have been seldom examined by scholars. To address this gap, this issue is examined using an evolutionary game model of multi-agent complex networks, and a more realistic group structure is established through heterogeneous group differentiation. With factors such as group relationships, diffusion paths, compensation electricity prices, and subsidy intensities as variables, several diffusion scenarios are developed for research purposes. The results indicate that when upper-level enterprises influence the decision-making of lower-level enterprises, technology diffusion is significantly accelerated, and enhanced communication among thermal power enterprises further promotes diffusion. Among thermal power enterprises, leveraging large and medium-sized enterprises to promote the flexibility transformation of units proves to be an effective strategy. With regard to factors like the compensation price for depth peak shaving, the initial application ratio of groups, and the intensity of government subsidies, the compensation price emerges as the key factor. Only with a high compensation price can the other two factors effectively contribute to promoting technology diffusion.
Chest X-ray Findings and Prognostic Factors in Survival Analysis in Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tabakoglu Nilgun Tan , Hatipoglu Osman Nuri
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: This study aims to analyze survival in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients using chest radiography and biochemical parameters, determine common dialysis etiologies and causes of death, reveal prognostic factors, and contribute to clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with data from 33 peritoneal dialysis and 37 hemodialysis patients collected between October 2018 and February 2020. Survival and mortality were retrospectively tracked over 70 months (October 2018–June 2024). Chest X-ray measurements (cardiothoracic index, pulmonary vascular pedicle width, right pulmonary artery diameter, diaphragmatic height) and biochemical parameters (urea, albumin, creatinine, parathormone, ferritin, hemoglobin, arterial blood gas, potassium) were analyzed for their impact on survival. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Bayesian analysis, McNemar test, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, Cox regression, Bayesian correlation test, linear regression analysis (scatter plot), and ROC analysis. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and urogenital disorders were the main dialysis etiologies. Peritonitis (38.5%) and cardiovascular diseases (47.4%) were the leading causes of death in peritoneal and hemodialysis patients, respectively. Significant chest X-ray differences included pulmonary vascular pedicle width and pulmonary artery diameter in hemodialysis and diaphragm height in peritoneal dialysis. Kaplan–Meier showed no survival difference between methods. Cox regression identified age, intact parathormone levels, iPTH/PVPW ratio, and clinical status as survival and mortality factors. The iPTH/PVPW ratio cut-off for mortality prediction was ≤6.8. Conclusions: Age, intact parathormone levels, pulmonary vascular pedicle width, and clinical status significantly impact survival in dialysis patients. Management of hypertension and diabetes, management and follow-up of urogenital disorders, infection control, patient education, and regular cardiovascular check-ups may improve survival rates. Additionally, the iPTH/PVPW ratio can predict mortality risk.
Functional Orthodontic Therapy for Mandibular Condyle Fracture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hennig Christoph-Ludwig , Krause Franziska , Nitzsche Ann , Tolksdorf Konrad , Reise Markus , Kranz Stefan , Dederichs Marco , Schultze-Mosgau Stefan , Jacobs Collin
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to compile the currently available evidence regarding the functional and morphologic outcomes of functional orthodontic therapy for mandibular condyle fracture. We performed searches in PubMed and Google Scholar as well as manually (IOK issues 2008–2019) using the keywords “trauma”, “TMJ”, “activator”, “condylar fracture”, “fracture”, “mandibular condylar fracture”, “occlusal splint” and “functional appliance”. Screening and analysis of study eligibility were performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The search strategy identified 198 studies published between 1971 and 2018, with 93 studies remaining after removing duplicate hits. Of the 93 studies, 19 were included in this study, considering the inclusion criteria. There were 12 follow-up, 4 prospective, and 3 purely retrospective studies. Some of the studies showed good functional results of mandibular condyle fracture treatment, in addition to subjective patient satisfaction. The incisal edge difference could be increased to physiological ranges of >35 mm by means of activator therapy. Partial mandibular deviations to the fractured side remained post-therapy, especially after unilateral fractures. Fractures without significant dislocation and luxation showed radiographic changes in shape, described as hypoplastic and ellipsoid, in addition to good morphologic results. One study found that collum length shortened twofold after a luxated fracture compared with fractures without significant dislocation, despite activator therapy. Straightening of the fragment occurred only in the low-dislocated fragments. Overall, children showed a higher remodeling potential than adult patients. Several studies observed an improved clinical outcome for functional therapy after mandibular condyle fracture. The outcome is essentially determined by fracture type, fracture height, and age. Further studies, especially prospective studies, are necessary to improve the evidence of functional orthodontic therapy for mandibular condyle fractures.
Subclinical Enthesopathy in Psoriasis—An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Dascălu Rucsandra Cristina , Bărbulescu Andreea Lili , Dinescu Ștefan Cristian , Biță Cristina Elena , Stoica Loredana Elena , Vreju Florentin Ananu
Published: August 2024

The present study is aimed at assessing the presence and prevalence of subclinical entheseal changes in Psoriasis (PsO) patients using musculoskeletal ultrasonography (US), conjoined with the analysis of possible differences in terms of demographic, clinical, or biological features. We carried out an observational study on 54 patients with PsO and 40 controls. Subclinical enthesopathy, according to OMERACT definitions, was identified in 20 of the psoriasis patients (37.03%), a significantly difference compared to the controls (5 patients; 10.20%). A comparison between US examinations for psoriasis patients and controls indicates that all the examined areas manifested changes in a significantly higher percentage of patients than the controls. The most common structural changes were represented by thickened tendon (85%), calcification (65%), erosions (35%), power Doppler (PD) signal (20%), and bursitis (5%). The difference in mean MASEI (Madrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index) score between the psoriasis and control groups was statistically significant (10.56 + 2.96 vs. 2.9 + 2.20; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, ultrasound is an easily accessible and vital follow-up method for psoriasis patients to enable an early, subclinical detection of entheseal involvement, i.e., the first red-flag sign for a future transition to psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
Modeling the Impact of Grain Size on Corrosion Behavior of Ni-Based Alloys in Molten Chloride Salt via Cellular Automata
Authors: Feng Jinghua , Gao Jianxi , Mao Li , Bedell Ryan , Liu Emily
Published: August 2024

Molten chloride salts hold significant promise as both thermal transfer and storage media for next-generation concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. However, molten chlorides pose a considerable corrosion risk to structural materials, particularly Ni-based alloys. One approach to enhancing corrosion resistance is through the optimization of grain structure; however, it remains uncertain whether increasing or decreasing grain size enhances corrosion resistance. A cellular automata (CA) program was developed to evaluate the interplay between grain size and corrosion in Ni-based alloy. Our CA program tracks alloy composition, surface roughness, and thickness loss via a graphical user interface, displaying corrosion and diffusion status, and multiple user input cards for tuning the simulation. CA simulations of Inconel 625 indicate enhanced corrosion resistance with increased grain size, with passivating oxides offering limited protection. Additionally, the temporal evolution of alloy surface roughness demonstrates notable fluctuations, with abrupt increases attributed to corrosion along vertical grain boundaries and sudden decreases to grain detachment from the protective film.
Leaching of Rare Earths from End-of-Life NdFeB Magnets with Citric Acid Using Full Factorial Design, Response Surface Methodology, and Artificial Neural Network Analysis
Authors: Romano Pietro , Zuffranieri Adriana , Rahmati Soroush , Adavodi Roshanak , Ferella Francesco , Vegliò Francesco
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the increasing demand and rising prices of rare earth elements (REEs), along with their attendant supply risk (about 95% of these elements are supplied by China), have led the European Commission to consider REEs as critical raw materials. Developing and optimizing processes for recovering REEs from secondary sources such as NdFeB magnets is fundamental in this context. A novel method to recover REEs by leaching with citric acid and subsequently separating these elements using the solvent extraction method has been introduced. Therefore, this research investigates the leaching efficiency of REEs, Fe, and B from NdFeB magnets. A full factorial design, with 18 experimental setups, was conducted to optimize the citric acid concentration (1–3 mol/L), leaching time (1–3 h), and solid–liquid ratio (5–10%wt./vol.). All tests were carried out at room temperature and 150 rpm. Different optimizations (response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis) are used to maximize the REEs’ leaching efficiency. RSM resulted in a maximum extraction yield of total rare earth elements (TREEs) of about 89% in the investigated experimental plan. This result is similar to that for ANN analysis (about 86%), but more accurate than that for RSM. In fact, for the ANN, an overall R-value higher than 0.99 was obtained. This result indicates that the developed ANN can be used as an accurate model for estimating the leaching efficiencies of REEs from NdFeB magnets.
A Comparative Study of the As-Built Microstructure of a Cold-Work Tool Steel Produced by Laser and Electron-Beam Powder-Bed Fusion
Authors: Åsberg Mikael , Lin Fengxiang , Karlsson Patrik , Oikonomou Christos , Strandh Emil , Uhlirsch Markus , Krakhmalev Pavel
Published: August 2024

A high-alloy (Cr-Mo-V) cold-work tool steel was manufactured by laser powder-bed fusion (PBF-LB) without preheating and by electron-beam powder-bed fusion (PBF-EB) with the build temperature set at 850 °C. The solidification rates, cooling, and thermal cycles that the material was subjected to during manufacturing were different in the laser powder-bed fusion than electron-beam powder-bed fusion, which resulted in very different microstructures and properties. During the solidification of the PBF-LB steel, a cellular–dendritic structure was formed. The primary cell size was 0.28–0.32 µm, corresponding to a solidification rate of 2.0–2.5 × 106 °C/s. No coarse primary carbides were observed in the microstructure. Further rapid cooling resulted in the formation of a martensitic microstructure with high amounts of retained austenite. The high-retained austenite explained the low hardness of 597 ± 38 HV. Upon solidification of the PBF-EB tool steel, dendrites with well-developed secondary arms and a carbide network in the interdendritic space were formed. Secondary dendrite arm spacing was in the range of 1.49–3.10 µm, which corresponds to solidification rates of 0.5–3.8 × 104 °C/s. Cooling after manufacturing resulted in the formation of a bainite needle-like microstructure within the dendrites with a final hardness of 701 ± 17 HV. These findings provide a background for the selection of a manufacturing method and the development of the post-treatment of a steel to obtain a desirable final microstructure, which ensures that the final tool’s performance is up to specification.
Design, Modeling, and Testing of a Long-Stroke Fast Tool Servo Based on Corrugated Flexure Units
Authors: Chen Ning , Wen Zhichao , Rong Jiateng , Tian Chuan , Liu Xianfu
Published: August 2024

To further enhance the performance of the fast tool servo (FTS) system in terms of stroke, load capacity, and application area, this paper proposes a novel fast tool servo device driven by a voice coil motor (VCM), based on a three-segment uniform corrugated flexure (CF) guiding mechanism, with a large stroke, high accuracy, and high dynamics. To describe the unified static characteristics of such device, the compliance matrix method is applied to establish its model, where the influence of CF beam structural parameters on the FTS device is investigated in detail. Furthermore, resolution and positioning accuracy tests are conducted to validate the features of the system. The testing results indicate that the maximum stroke of the FTS device is up to 3.5 mm and the positioning resolution values are 3.6 μm and 2.4 μm for positive and negative stroke, respectively, which further verifies the device’s effectiveness and promising application prospect in ultra-precision microstructure machining.
The Impact of Titanium Hydroxyapatite Doping on the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Photocured Resin
Authors: Li Xiaopan , Yao Chao , Shen Junfu , Zhu Siqi , Kong Yiyun , Yao Chun , Zhou Yuankai , Xia Jing
Published: August 2024

Photocured resin materials are widely used in various fields, such as 3D printing, medical applications, and dentistry. However, the strength, wear resistance, and antibacterial properties of photocured resin are relatively limited, rendering it susceptible to potential failures. In this recent study, photocured composite resins incorporating titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ti-HAp) were fabricated to investigate their mechanical and biological properties. It was found that the hardness and wear resistance increased with the addition of an appropriate amount of hydroxyapatite (HAp). Specifically, the 6wt%HAp resin demonstrated superior hardness. Compared with the 6wt%HAp resin, the acid resistance and wear resistance improved when an appropriate amount of Ti-HAp was added. Notably, the resin containing 0.56%Ti-HAp demonstrated superior wear resistance. Additionally, the antibacterial performance improved with higher titanium (Ti) content, showcasing a 71.9% improvement in the resin containing 1.37%Ti-HAp compared with the 6wt%HAp resin, alongside commendable remineralization capabilities. In summary, the Ti-HAp composite resin showed enhanced mechanical and biological properties, meeting clinical standards in terms of mechanical and antibacterial properties.
Identification of Lower Respiratory Tract Pathogens in Cancer Patients: Insights into Fatal Outcomes
Authors: Mourad Dalia F. , Radwan Samah , Hamdy Rana , Elkhashab Dina M. , Kamel Mahmoud M. , Abdel-Moneim Ahmed S. , Kadry Dalia Y.
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate LRTIs in cancer patients, focusing on pathogen distribution, and outcomes based on tumor types and antimicrobial treatments. The study included 110 cancer patients exhibiting symptoms of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), consisting of 67 males and 43 females across a wide age range from under 1 year to over 60 years old. Exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection was conducted before admission. In addition to classical microbiological methods, fast-track detection using Multiplex Real-Time PCR was employed, utilizing the FTD-33 test kit. The findings revealed a diverse landscape of infections, notably Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. Parainfluenza 3 and 4 viruses, rhinovirus, influenza A subtype H1N1pdm09, influenza B and C viruses, HCoV-229, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1 were infrequently detected. Furthermore, the existence of mixed infection highlighted the complexity of disease conditions in cancer patients. An analysis of antimicrobial treatment highlighted significant variations in fatal outcomes for carbapenem and colistimethate sodium. It was concluded that mixed infections were commonly identified as potential causes of LRTIs among cancer patients, while viral infections were less frequently detected. It underscores the complexity of antimicrobial treatment outcomes.
Agro Active Potential of Bacillus subtilis PE7 against Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.), the Causal Agent of Gummy Stem Blight of Cucumis melo
Authors: Jeong Seo Kyoung , Han Seong Eun , Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran , Jung Woo Jin , Maung Chaw Ei Htwe , Kim Kil Yong
Published: August 2024

Microbial agents such as the Bacillus species are recognized for their role as biocontrol agents against various phytopathogens through the production of diverse bioactive compounds. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis PE7 in inhibiting the growth of Didymella bryoniae, the pathogen responsible for gummy stem blight (GSB) in cucurbits. Dual culture assays demonstrate significant antifungal activity of strain PE7 against D. bryoniae. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by strain PE7 effectively impede mycelial formation in D. bryoniae, resulting in a high inhibition rate. Light microscopy revealed that D. bryoniae hyphae exposed to VOCs exhibited abnormal morphology, including swelling and excessive branching. Supplementing a potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium with a 30% B. subtilis PE7 culture filtrate significantly decreased mycelial growth. Moreover, combining a 30% culture filtrate with half the recommended concentration of a chemical fungicide yielded a more potent antifungal effect than using the full fungicide concentration alone, inducing dense mycelial formation and irregular hyphal morphology in D. bryoniae. Strain PE7 was highly resilient and was able to survive in fungicide solutions. Additionally, B. subtilis PE7 enhanced the nutrient content, growth, and development of melon plants while mitigating the severity of GSB compared to fungicide and fertilizer treatments. These findings highlight B. subtilis PE7 as a promising biocontrol candidate for integrated disease management in crop production.
Isolation of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in Immunocompromised Patients from a Single Center in Spain: A Zoonotic Pathogen from Companion Animals
Authors: Viñes Joaquim , Verdejo Miguel , Horvath Laura , Vergara Andrea , Vila Jordi , Francino Olga , Morata Laura , Espasa Mateu , Casals-Pascual Climent , Soriano Àlex , Pitart Cristina
Published: August 2024

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a commensal opportunistic bacterium predominantly residing in the skin of companion animals, particularly dogs, has the potential to induce skin and soft tissue infections in pets, and zoonotic infections, including catheter-related complications. This study documents four cases of S. pseudintermedius infection or colonization in patients who had close contact with dogs or cats. Identification of the bacterial species was performed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and antibiotic susceptibility was determined using microdilution assay. DNA was sequenced using Nanopore technology followed by in silico analysis. Three isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin, with one belonging to the prevalent European lineage ST551, and the other two were attributed to a novel multilocus sequence type, ST2672. The remaining isolate was attributed to the novel multilocus sequence type ST2673 and was methicillin susceptible. All four isolates exhibited an array of virulence factors that contributed to colonization, damage to host immune cells, and biofilm formation. All the ST551 isolates included in the comparative analysis displayed clonality within the European continent. The importance of describing zoonotic infections associated with S. pseudintermedius resides in the scarcity of available scientific literature, further accentuated by its heightened resistance profile and potential complications, particularly in the context of catheter-related infections.