bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLA2R-IgG4 antibody as a predictive biomarker of treatment effectiveness and prognostic evaluation in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Huang Yiqing , Zhou Junyi , Zhou Kezhi , Huang Biao , Xue Jing , Zhang Xiran , Liu Bin , Zhang Zhijian , Zhou Leting , Cai Ting , Zhang Yi , Hu Zhigang , Wang Liang , Liu Xiaobin
Published: October 2022

Background

The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2021 guidelines recommend Rituximab (RTX) as the first-line therapy and phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody as a biomarker for remission and prognosis in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis of 70 patients with IMN treated with either rituximab (RTX) or cyclophosphamide (CTX) and steroid. Quantitative detection of PLA2R-IgG and PLA2R-IgG4 antibodies at sixth month after treatment, determined using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA), were used for treatment effectiveness analysis and prognostic evaluation in patients with IMN.

Results

After 12 months of therapy, the remission rate of proteinuria, including complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) in the RTX group and the CTX group, were 74% versus 67.5% (P = 0.114), respectively. Both PLA2R-IgG and PLA2R-IgG4 levels were decreased in patients with remission of proteinuria after 6 months of therapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve analysis exhibited that the AUC of PLA2R-IgG4 and the PLA2R-IgG as laboratory criteria for proteinuria remission were 0.970 versus 0.886 (P = 0.0516), respectively, after 6 months of treatment. The cut-off value of PLA2R-IgG4 was 7.67 RU/mL and the sensitivity and specificity of remission rate at 6th month were 90.9% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of the PLA2R-IgG4 and PLA2R-IgG to predict the outcome after 12 months of treatment were 0.922 versus 0.897 (P = 0.3270), respectively. With the cut-off value of PLA2R-IgG4 being 22.985 RU/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of remission rate at 12th month were 100% and 87.1%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the PLA2R-IgG4 level (P = 0.023), the rate of decrease of PLA2R-IgG4 level (P = 0.034), and eGFR level (P = 0.012) were significantly associated with remission.

Conclusions

We found that the patients in the RTX group and CTX group achieved effective remission of proteinuria after 12 months of treatment. PLA2R-IgG4 may be a more effective biomarker for treatment effectiveness analysis and prognostic assessment, compared with anti-PLA2R-IgG for PLA2R associated IMN.
Effectiveness of the Structured and Conventional Methods of Viva Examination in Medical Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Anbarasi K , Karunakaran JV , Ravichandran Latha , Arthi B
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Oral examination (viva voce) is one of the common assessment methods for medical students. Literature shows that Conventional Oral Examination (COE), is a widely adopted method and uses a consolidated scoring system. There came an alternative method, Structured Oral Examination (SOE) that uses the recommended rating scale (prevalidated questions and markings). The emergence of a new method raised the research question of whether the conventional or structured oral examination is effective in assessing medical students. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and structured vivavoce examination across the specialties in medical education. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted on 18 peer-reviewed articles about conventional and structured oral examination among medical students. Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: The level of evidence was moderate where the MERSQI score ranges from 7.5 to 15.5 for the 18 articles included in the review process. SOE overcomes COE by assessing students’ cognitive skills, communication skills, behaviour, and attitude whereas COE principally assesses the recall knowledge. Analytical and reasoning power remains the predominant domain in SOE. With psychometric properties like good reliability, sensitivity, and acceptability, SOE remains the best strategy for the evaluation of medical students. Pooled results in the forest plot showed no difference in the viva voce marks between COE and SOE with a mean difference of 0.46 (p=0.53). Conclusion: The review analysis revealed that there is no difference in the mean marks scored by COE and SOE. However, a SOE will allow examiners to assess the medical students’ learning achievement with no partiality, stress, and anxiety compared to COE.
ANALYSIS OF THE AIRFRAME REPAIR NODE
Authors:   Military University of Technology, Rośkowicz Marek , Barca Iga
Published: October 2022

Polymer composite materials can be used both for the production of semi-monocoque structures and for the repair of aircraft airframes. Of all the elements of the semi-monocoque structure, the airframe skin is most often damaged during operation. The fragments of the skin between the frame elements of the semi-monocoque structure are considered as a thin-walled plate. The paper presents an analysis of the repair node of a metal plate subjected to uniform shear. The model of the repaired plate made in the Ansys Workbench environment was used for the analysis. The boundary conditions were defined by means of an articulated frame using the possibilities of the computing environment in the scope of, defining elements among others. The model was initially verified experimentally, assuming that it can be used to carry out a comparative analysis of two methods of repairing a damaged plate, using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) and GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) materials. Analyzing the obtained results, it was found that the repair does not restore the original strength of the damaged structure, however, it reduces the stress of the plate material around the opening by 10%.
Modeling of Polyculture Fish Feed Using Mathematical Programming
Authors: Chetna . , Krishan . , Siwach Vikash , Tonk Manju Singh , Mehta Phagun , Tonk Anu
Published: October 2022

This study incorporates the application of a linear programming technique for composition of fish feed mixture to minimize the cost without sacrificing the nutrients levels. Designing the best fish diet for fry, fingerling, and growth stages is the main goal of this study. Regarding nutrient composition and manufacturing costs, the study's results show that a variety of elements can be combined much more effectively than in commercially available feed. The combinations lead to significantly reduced costs while raising nutrient intake, which might be quite advantageous to neighboring fish farmers. . The suggested model was solved with Microsoft Excel to make it more user-friendly.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity, Gene Flow and Demographic History of Frigate Tuna (Auxis thazard) Populations in Tanzanian Marine Waters Using Mitochondrial DNA Control Region
Authors: Maduhu Elizabeth Mayunga , Chenyambuga Sebastian Wilson , Msalya George Mutani , Munubi Renalda Nanziga
Published: October 2022

Aim: To investigate genetic diversity, gene flow and demographic history of frigate tuna                   (Auxis thazard) populations found in Tanzanian marine waters.

Study Design: The study used a descriptive research design whereby fish samples were randomly collected from four locations and the genetic variation within and among the four populations analyzed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region.

Place and Duration of the Study: Fish samples were collected from landing sites in Tanga, Dar es Salaam, Mtwara and Zanzibar, Tanzania. The study was conducted between July 2020 and June 2021.

Methodology: A total of 100 frigate tuna were randomly sampled from small-scale fishermen at the landing sites of Dar-es-Salaam (20), Tanga (30), Mtwara (30), and Zanzibar (20). For each fish, 50 g muscle tissue was obtained and put in a vial containing 95% ethanol. DNA was extracted from the muscle using a commercial DNA Kit (Quick-DNATM Miniprep Plus Kit, Zymo Research Corp.) according to the instructions of the manufacturer and a fragment of 432 bp of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced using ABI PRISIM™ 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Haplotype and nucleotide diversity, gene flow and historic demographic were estimated from 92 fish samples.

Results: A total of 88 haplotypes were identified in all fish samples. The highest haplotype diversity was found in Zanzibar (1.000 ± 0.017) and Mtwara (1.000 ± 0.010) populations while the lowest was observed in Tanga population (0.992 ± 0.012). Tanga population had the highest nucleotide diversity (0.078 ± 0.018) while Dar es Salaam had the lowest (0.016 ± 0.009). The highest genetic differentiation (FST) was found between Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam (0.178) and the lowest was observed between Mtwara and Zanzibar (0.016). The genetic distances between pairs of populations were small. The phylogenetic tree revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 which consisted of nine haplotypes was dominated by Tanga population with seven haplotypes while the remaining two haplotypes were from Mtwara and the reference sequences of Euthynnus affinis (Kawakawa tuna). Cluster II had 84 haplotypes of individuals from all four populations, with no population specific subcluster. The number of immigrants per generation was highest between Mtwara and Zanzibar (Nm=18.310) and lowest between Tanga and Dar-es-Salaam (Nm=1.180). The neutrality test indicated negative values, suggesting a recent population expansion.

Conclusion: There is high genetic diversity within the populations, but there is no significant genetic differentiation among the four frigate tuna populations, suggesting that the four populations comprise a single panmictic population.
Delineating Stations along the Coastline of Delta State, Nigeria into Pollution Categories: Multivariate Approach
Authors: Kaine A. E. , Ikomi R. B. , Iloba K. I.
Published: October 2022

Aquatic ecosystems disturbance globally are increasing at alarming rate and it has debilitating effects on the ecological balance of the systems. The disturbances experienced by aquatic systems arise mainly from human influences. In this present study, we delineated six stations into pollution categories using multivariate approach (principal component analysis; PCA). The six stations selected were; SW 1- sea water (Benin River mouth/sea), SW2- Benin River (Benin River mouth/sea), SW3- sea water (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW4-River mouth (Escravos River mouth/sea), SW5- sea water (Forcados River mouth/sea) and SW6-River mouth (Forcados River mouth/sea). The PCA we constructed to visualize the relationship between the sampled stations and selected physico-chemical parameters showed that the first PCA component had a variance of 53.29% with an eigenvalue of 6.93 while the second PCA component explained 38.10% with an eigen value of 4.95. SW1 and SW2 were negatively correlated with DO, THC and conductivity, and nitrate, COD, TSS and temperature were negatively correlated with SW5 and SW6. Phosphate, salinity and turbidity were positively correlated with SW3 and SW4. Sulphate, pH and BOD were not associated with any of the stations sampled. Of the six stations we delineated, four were categorized as heavily polluted and they include; SW1, SW2, SW5 and SW6, while SW3 was moderately polluted and SW4 was fairly polluted. This showed that the selected stations within the coastlines of Delta State, Nigeria are heavily impacted by human influences.
Political Instability as Root of Armed Conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Rugaza David
Published: October 2022

The oppressive policies of military regimes occasioned political instability in the Democratic. Republic of Congo (DRC). This oppression led to the formation of armed groups leading to persistent armed conflict. This study was based on understanding the role of political instability in armed warfare in DRC. The aims of the study included: investigating the origin of political instability in the DRC, examining how political instability is a colonial legacy, determining how rebel groups perpetuated armed conflict, and investigating how political instability is the root of armed conflict in DRC. A qualitative research methodology based on a narrative review was used to examine published literature on armed conflict in the DRC. The study found that persistent political oppression led to the formation of rebel movements that perpetuated armed conflict. The study recommends developing a string politically stable system in DRC as an antidote to future         armed warfare.
Assessment of Wheat Genotypes under Low Irrigation Conditions Using Agro-physiological Traits and Grain Quality in North Delta of Egypt
Authors: M. N. A. El-Hawary, , Khedr Rania A. , Shalaby Nagwa E. , Hussein Eman M. A.
Published: October 2022

Water scarcity in Egypt and globally makes producing new varieties having high grain yield using less water requirements is an important goal for wheat breeders. The present research was conducted to assess the response of sixteen bread wheat genotypes under normal irrigation (five irrigations) and low irrigation (one irrigation, 25 days, after sowing irrigation.) during 2018/19 and 2020/21 seasons at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Egypt. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used for each irrigation treatment separately. Results showed that the normal irrigation treatment had considerably higher mean values for all studied traits except, proline, malondialdehyde, activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes,1000-kernel weight, protein content, wet and dry gluten which had significantly higher mean values under low irrigation treatment. Under low irrigation conditions, the four genotypes Sakha 95, Line 4, Line 8 and Misr 3 superior other genotypes in grain yield with insignificant difference among them. Sakha 95 and Line 8 had the highest chlorophyll a and b, proline content, chlorophyll florescence, activity of both catalase and peroxidase enzymes. While, Line 4 had the highest activity of catalase and peroxidase, heaviest 1000-kernel weight and high content of crude protein. In addition to Misr 3 recorded the best values of both wet and dry gluten. It could be recommended with cultivation Sakha 95 or Misr 3 to achieve high grain yield with less irrigation water. While Line 8 and Line 4 need more evaluation to use it in the regions which suffering from water shortage also it will be benefit for breeder to use these genotypes in wheat breeding program.
Effects of Coir Dust Mulch on Evapotranspiration of PH4 Maize in Coastal Region of Kenya
Authors: Muti S. M. , Kibe A. M. , Nge’tich W. , Muindi E.
Published: October 2022

Although the Coastal region of Kenya is awash with abundance of moisture bearing South Easterly monsoons, (and therefore tropical rainfall) from the adjacent vast Indian Ocean, heat stress, high velocity wind regimes are major factors limiting crop productivity in the region. Occurrence of these abiotic factors tend to occasion cloud free conditions, high atmospheric demand and vapor pressure deficit that results in increased soil moisture deficit, which more often coincides with critical stages of maize growth resulting in poor maize yields. A 2x3 randomized complete block design experiment was set in 2007 and 2008 seasons at Pwani university farm using PH4 maize variety and coir dust mulch treatments at two levels, with and without mulch, to evaluate effects of coir dust mulch in ameliorating the effects of high temperatures and high velocity wind regimes on soil moisture status. The results showed that PH4 maize evapotranspired at an average rate of 157.5 mm and 151.3 mm per phasic growth stage in non-mulched and coir mulched maize crops, respectively during the relatively wetter season I; and by 156.3 mm and 151.0 mm in non-mulched and coir mulched maize crops, respectively during the relatively drier season II. Coir mulching reduced the average rates of water use per phasic growth stage by 3.9% and 3.4% during the relatively wetter and drier seasons I and II, respectively. The results showed that during the relatively wetter season I, between 534-549.6 mm of soil moisture had to be expended as basal evaporation before any tangible dry matter yields could be obtained, while during the relatively drier season, 167.7-190.1 mm had to be expended. This basal evaporation values represented 48.2% and 17.0% of long rain’s total precipitation during seasons’ I and II, respectively, indicating that much of the received precipitation was not effectively used for grain production, but mainly lost as non-productive component of seasonal evapotranspiration. The results also indicated coir mulching resulted in decreased seasonal evapotranspiration but significantly increased conserved 100 cm-profile soil moisture early in the season, when compared to non-mulched control treatments. This conserved moisture was available later in the season for increased dry matter and grain yields. Coir mulching increased WUE by 8.4%. The study showed that adoption of a simple agronomic practice of applying a 10 cm thick layer of coir dust mulch could increase maize productivity by 10.4% and help improve livelihoods of people in Coastal region.
Sildenafil (Viagra®): A Pharmacokinetic (PK) Review
Authors: Nandi Tirtha , Biswas Kushal , Sharmin Sifat
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve or/and maintain a sufficient penile erection for successful, satisfactory, and pleasant vaginal intercourse. National Institute of Health's division of NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) defines erectile dysfunction as a condition in which one person cannot get or keep an erection firm enough for satisfactory sexual intercourse. The usual symptoms include problems achieving a solid erection, difficulties maintaining the erected condition of the penis, and decreased sexual desire. Several factors can contribute to these penile disorders. These include neurogenic injury, endocrinological disorders, drug-affected pathology, cardiovascular disease, etc. The aim of this review was to discuss the mechanism, structure activity relation (SAR), and pharmacokinetic properties of sildenafil.

Methods: A careful literature search was conducted to compile all the recent information available for sildenafil PK. Primary literature searches included PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley online resources, etc.

Results: After the completion of the lengthy process of drug discovery, sildenafil citrate was approved by the FDA to be used for erectile dysfunction in March 1998. It was the very first oral treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Conclusion: Although several selective PDE 5 inhibitors are available now, sildenafil citrate is still one of the most prescribed drugs for treating penile erectile disorders.
A Study on Price Spread and Marketing Efficiency of Fish Marketing in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri Districts of Telangana
Authors: Sindhu M. , Sravanthi K. , Baba Md. Ali
Published: October 2022

Aim: To analyze the price spread and marketing efficiency in marketing of fish in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts of Telangana state.

Study Design: The study was conducted in Nalgonda, Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts of Telangana state during the year 2019-20. Nalgonda district was purposively selected as it has highest area under fish farming in Telangana. Suryapet and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri districts were part of undivided Nalgonda district before formation of new districts in Telangana in 2016. Hence, they were also included in the study.

Methodology: A sample of 60 fish farmers and 30 market intermediaries were randomly selected for the study. Primary data was collected from respondents using pre-tested questionnaire by survey method. Price spread, producers share in consumer rupee and marketing efficiency of fish were computed.

Results: Three marketing channels were found prominent for marketing of fish viz., Channel 1  (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Wholesaler at Hyderabad ⇨ Retailer at Hyderabad ⇨ Consumer), Channel 2 (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Wholesaler at Kolkata ⇨ Retailer at Kolkata ⇨ Consumer) and Channel 3 (Fish farmer ⇨ Commission Agent/Trader ⇨ Vendor ⇨ Consumer). Among the three channels, Channel 3 was found highly efficient with marketing efficiency of 2.04% followed by Channel 1 (1.80%) and least for Channel 2 (1.33%).

Conclusion: Encouraging fish farmers to form into Co-operatives or Fish Farmer Producer Organization and bringing awareness in producers and consumers on daily prices of various fish species will help in developing the marketing of fish.
Financing Agricultural Sector, a Panacea for Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Anthony Bernard Ojonugwa , Tijjani Bilyaminu
Published: October 2022

This study examined the impact of various sources of agricultural financing on food security in Nigeria using time series data that span a period from 1981 to 2020. To achieve the study, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model was employed to analyze the data. Food security in Nigeria was conceptualized as food availability proxied by agricultural output in Nigeria. As such, agricultural output was modelled by having commercial bank credit, agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund, and government expenditure on agriculture, inflation and interest rate as independent variables. The study employed time series data from 1981 to 2020. The estimated ARDL model suggested commercial bank credit to agriculture, agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund, government expenditure on agriculture and interest rate have a significant influence on food security measured by agricultural output. Consequently, to improve food security in Nigeria, this study recommended among others that commercial banks should be encouraged to channel their credit to agriculture, and the government should ensure more guarantees on loans to encourage farmers in accessing credit. Finally, to encourage access to food, effort should be made to improve the per capita income of the people in other to meet the demand for food.
Penetration Depth Analysis of UMTS Networks Using Received Signal Code Power
Authors: Ekah Ukoette Jeremiah , Emeruwa Chibuzo
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the coverage of three UMTS networks in Calabar, using the received signal code power (RSCP). A drive test conducted with the aid of a TEMS investigation software, collected log files of RSCP which were analyzed as coverage plots by a TEMS discovery software and further put through statistical measures using excel. The low values of calculated standard error depicts that the data used in this study is accurate and not manipulated. The data distribution in MTN and 9mobile network were slightly leptokurtic but slightly mesokurtic for Airtel network. Again, the data distribution for the three networks were approximately symmetric. Finally, 81.5%, 96.36% and 92.1% of the drive test routes for 9 mobile, Airtel and MTN network met with the NCC performance threshold. The result of this study will assist RF engineers in the optimization of UMTS networks and also in designing propagation models for accurate transmission of UMTS network signals in the study area.
Nursing diagnosis prevalent in the care of organ donor patients in brain death / Diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica
Authors: Bezerra Gabriela Duarte , Nascimento dos Santos Marcia Eduarda , Braga Sara Teixeira , Alves Luana de Souza , Gonçalves Laís Barreto de Brito , Pinheiro Woneska Rodrigues
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: anvestigar na literatura, os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao potencial doador de órgãos em morte encefálica. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, conduzida pela questão norteadora: Quais as evidências científicas à cerca dos diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica? A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, BDENF, CINAHL, MEDLINE e Cochrane Library. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por sete artigos que abordam os diagnósticos de enfermagem prevalentes na assistência ao paciente doador de órgãos em morte encefálica. Os dados foram organizados em duas categorias temáticas: Principais diagnósticos, alterações fisiopatológicas e características definidoras e Conhecimento dos profissionais de Enfermagem diante da morte encefálica para o diagnóstico precoce. Conclusão: a assistência ao potencial doador é fundamental para a efetivação da doação, logo, os diagnósticos de enfermagem são a base para que esses profissionais planejem toda a assistência.
Abiogenesis through gradual evolution of autocatalysis into template‐based replication
Authors: Pavlinova Polina , Lambert Camille N. , Malaterre Christophe , Nghe Philippe
Published: October 2022

How life emerged from inanimate matter is one of the most intriguing questions posed to modern science. Central to this research are experimental attempts to build systems capable of Darwinian evolution. RNA catalysts (ribozymes) are a promising avenue, in line with the RNA world hypothesis whereby RNA pre‐dated DNA and proteins. Since evolution in living organisms relies on template‐based replication, the identification of a ribozyme capable of replicating itself (an RNA self‐replicase) has been a major objective. However, no self‐replicase has been identified to date. Alternatively, autocatalytic systems involving multiple RNA species capable of ligation and recombination may enable self‐reproduction. However, it remains unclear how evolution could emerge in autocatalytic systems. In this review, we examine how experimentally feasible RNA reactions catalysed by ribozymes could implement the evolutionary properties of variation, heredity and reproduction, and ultimately allow for Darwinian evolution. We propose a gradual path for the emergence of evolution, initially supported by autocatalytic systems leading to the later appearance of RNA replicases.
Effectiveness of a New Service Delivery Model for Management of Knee Osteoarthritis in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hunter David J. , Bowden Jocelyn L. , Hinman Rana S. , Egerton Thorlene , Briggs Andrew M. , Bunker Stephen J. , French Simon D. , Pirotta Marie , Shrestha Rupendra , Schofield Deborah J. , Schuck Karen , Zwar Nicholas A. , Silva S. Sandun M. , Heller Gillian Z. , Bennell Kim L. ,   and the PARTNER Study Team
Published: October 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness and health costs of a new primary care service delivery model (the Optimising Primary Care Management of Knee Osteoarthritis [PARTNER] model) to improve health outcomes for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to usual care.

Methods

This study was a 2‐arm, cluster, superiority, randomized controlled trial with randomization at the general practice level, undertaken in Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. We aimed to recruit 44 practices and 572 patients age ≥45 years with knee pain for >3 months. Professional development opportunities on best practice OA care were provided to intervention group general practitioners (GPs). All recruited patients had an initial GP visit to confirm knee OA diagnosis. Control patients continued usual GP care, and intervention patients were referred to a centralized care support team (CST) for 12‐months. Via telehealth, the CST provided OA education and an agreed OA action plan focused on muscle strengthening, physical activity, and weight management. Primary outcomes were patient self‐reported change in knee pain (Numerical Rating Scale [range 0–10; higher score = worse]) and physical function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score activities of daily living subscale [range 0–100; higher score = better] at 12 months. Health care cost outcomes included costs of medical visits and prescription medications over the 12‐month period.

Results

Recruitment targets were not reached. A total of 38 practices and 217 patients were recruited. The intervention improved pain by 0.8 of 10 points (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.2, 1.4) and function by 6.5 of 100 points (95% CI 2.3, 10.7), more than usual care at 12 months. Total costs of medical visits and prescriptions were $3,940 (Australian) for the intervention group versus $4,161 for usual care. This difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The PARTNER model improved knee pain and function more than usual GP care. The magnitude of improvement is unlikely to be clinically meaningful for pain but is uncertain for function.
SAMHSA awards $45.1 million for HIV/AIDS behavioral health needs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2022

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is awarding $45.1 million in grants to meet the behavioral health needs of people who either are at risk for contracting or are living with HIV/AIDS. “SAMHSA programs such as these are representative of our commitment to helping America's communities reduce disease transmission,” said HHS Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use Miriam E. Delphin‐Rittmon, Ph.D., who leads SAMHSA, in announcing the awards on Sept. 29. “They also help equip communities to facilitate people's access to appropriate treatments and recovery supports for their mental health and substance use disorders,” she added.
Immune Profiling and Multiplexed Label‐Free Detection of 2D MXenes by Mass Cytometry and High‐Dimensional Imaging
Authors: Fusco Laura , Gazzi Arianna , Shuck Christopher E. , Orecchioni Marco , Alberti Dafne , D'Almeida Sènan Mickael , Rinchai Darawan , Ahmed Eiman , Elhanani Ofer , Rauner Martina , Zavan Barbara , Grivel Jean‐Charles , Keren Leeat , Pasqual Giulia , Bedognetti Davide , Ley Klaus , Gogotsi Yury , Delogu Lucia Gemma
Published: October 2022

There is a critical unmet need to detect and image 2D materials within single cells and tissues while surveying a high degree of information from single cells. Here, a versatile multiplexed label‐free single‐cell detection strategy is proposed based on single‐cell mass cytometry by time‐of‐flight (CyTOF) and ion‐beam imaging by time‐of‐flight (MIBI‐TOF). This strategy, “Label‐free sINgle‐cell tracKing of 2D matErials by mass cytometry and MIBI‐TOF Design” (LINKED), enables nanomaterial detection and simultaneous measurement of multiple cell and tissue features. As a proof of concept, a set of 2D materials, transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides (MXenes), is selected to ensure mass detection within the cytometry range while avoiding overlap with more than 70 currently available tags, each able to survey multiple biological parameters. First, their detection and quantification in 15 primary human immune cell subpopulations are demonstrated. Together with the detection, mass cytometry is used to capture several biological aspects of MXenes, such as their biocompatibility and cytokine production after their uptake. Through enzymatic labeling, MXenes’ mediation of cell–cell interactions is simultaneously evaluated. In vivo biodistribution experiments using a mixture of MXenes in mice confirm the versatility of the detection strategy and reveal MXene accumulation in the liver, blood, spleen, lungs, and relative immune cell subtypes. Finally, MIBI‐TOF is applied to detect MXenes in different organs revealing their spatial distribution. The label‐free detection of 2D materials by mass cytometry at the single‐cell level, on multiple cell subpopulations and in multiple organs simultaneously, will enable exciting new opportunities in biomedicine.
Atomic‐Resolution Imaging of the Ice Nucleating Silver Iodide Surface: Does this Polar Surface Reconstruct at the Atomic Scale?
Authors: Sabath Franziska , Aleff Christian , Latus Annamaria , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika
Published: October 2022

Silver iodide (AgI) particles are known for their outstanding ice nucleation ability. The effective ice nucleation has been explained by the structural similarity of the AgI surfaces and the basal plane of ice Ih. However, the relevant AgI surfaces are polar, i.e., thermodynamically instable. This fact implies the existence of a stabilization mechanism. The nature of this stabilization mechanism remains, however, unknown. Additionally, calculations suggest that exclusively the silver‐terminated and not the iodine‐terminated surfaces nucleate ice. So far, no atomically resolved images at any AgI–water interface exist. This is most likely due to the delicate synthesis and the photolytic degradation of AgI. Here, atomic‐resolution images of the AgI–water interface of freshly cleaved crystals are provided. Most importantly, the atomic structure of these surfaces closely resembles the bulk‐truncated geometry, regardless of the termination. In an attempt to reduce ion adsorption, crystals cleaved in ethanol are investigated. Also in this case, a bulk‐truncated geometry is obtained. The measurements thus reveal no indication for a reconstruction of the AgI cleavage planes neither in water nor in ethanol. This study provides atomic‐scale insights into the interfacial structure, which is essential for understanding the excellent ice nucleation ability of AgI.
Biointerfacial Analysis of HEK293 Cells in Contact with Hydrogels based on Poly‐N‐Isopropylacrylamide and Copolymers
Authors: Capella Virginia , Liaudat Ana C. , Broglia Martin F. , Barbero Cesar A. , Bosch Pablo , Rodríguez Nancy , Rivarola Claudia R.
Published: October 2022

Several researches have demonstrated that synthetic hydrogels can mimic the mechanical and physicochemical properties of native extracellular matrices and act as cell‐scaffold. The biointerface can influence over tissue activities such as adhesion, signaling, cell–cell communications, and proliferation. In this work, the behavior of human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) in contact with hydrogel surfaces based on poly‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and copolymers is studied. Ionic and neutral hydrogel surfaces are synthesized by free radical polymerization and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling capacity, and wettability at culture conditions. Viability, proliferation, and bioadhesive capacity are analyzed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Neutral Red assays, [3H]‐thymidine technique, Acridine Orange and Hoechst dye. Noncytotoxic and proliferative effects are observed in all cases. HEK293 cells are mainly adapted and adhered on neutral and low ionic charge surfaces showing typical cell morphology, and normal mitotic rates. While, lower adhesion, abnormal nuclear and cytoplasmic morphologies with mitotic/fragmentation processes are observed after contact with high ionic surfaces. The cellular cycle after cultive on PNIPAM, assessed by flow cytometry, is not affected regarding control surfaces (polystyrene). Therefore, hydrogel surfaces with neutral and low ionic charges can be apt to in vitro tissue development and possible applications of biomedical treatments.
Non‐Stoichiometric NiFeMo Solid Solutions; Tuning the Hydrogen Adsorption Energy via Molybdenum Incorporation
Authors: Rafei Mouna , Wu Xiuyu , Piñeiro Garcia Alexis , Miranda la Hera Vladimir , Wågberg Thomas , Gracia‐Espino Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Solution precursor plasma spraying is used to produce catalytic trimetallic coatings containing Ni, Fe and Mo directly onto stainless‐steel mesh, Ni foam and carbon paper. The resulting material is mostly comprised of face centered cubic FeNi3 alloy forming a highly porous coating with nanostructured features. The addition of Mo (up to ≈14 at%) generates no new crystal phases but only an increase in the lattice parameter, indicating the formation of FeNi3Mox solid solutions. The FeNi3Mox solid solutions are used as electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. The addition of Mo increases the HER activity significantly reaching an optimum performance at ≈9 at% Mo (FeNi3Mo0.40) with an overpotential at −10 mA cm−2 of 112 mV and a Tafel slope of 109 mV dec−1. The enhanced HER activity is attributed to the formation of a FeNi3Mox solid solution with an increased work function that is correlated to smaller hydrogen adsorption energies. Theoretical activity maps reveal that sites near superficial Mo atoms forms catalytic hot spots and are responsible for the observed activity.
Metal‐Gallium Arsenide Based Tribovoltaic Nanogenerators and its Application for High‐Precision Self‐Powered Displacement Sensors
Authors: Wang Meiqi , Yang Jiayi , Liu Shuangshuang , Meng Yan , Qin Yong , Li Xiuhan
Published: October 2022

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on metal and semiconductors have attracted great interest due to their direct‐current (DC) output characteristics and better integration with an integrated circuit. In order to increase the DC output performance, a new type of metal‐gallium arsenide tribovoltaic nanogenerator (MG‐TVNG) is developed. The DC output characteristics of gallium arsenide‐based and silicon‐based devices are compared by a conductive atomic force microscope (CAFM), and the output of gallium arsenide‐based devices is dozens of times higher than that of silicon‐based devices, which verifies the influence of physical factors such as carrier mobility and surface state density on the tribovoltaic effect. The current density of 28.3 A m−2 can be obtained when using a single metal probe to slide on p‐type gallium arsenide, outperforming previously reported silicon TVNGs. The effects of operating parameters such as sliding velocity and load pressure on the output of the MG‐TVNG are further characterized. An MG‐TVNG‐based micro/nano grid displacement sensor is also successfully demonstrated and shows good potential in microscale displacement detecting.
Interactive Aqueous Ink from Core‐Shell Liquid Metal and PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Peng Hao , Peng Yan , Lan Jingyun , Zhou Jiancheng , Zhang Jiuyang
Published: October 2022

Liquid metals (LMs) and conjugated polymers are both critically important materials in modern technologies including soft robotics, printable circuits, and stretchable electronics. Although broadly applied, the joint use of LMs and conjugated polymers are rarely explored due to the notoriously interfacial challenges of the high surface tension of LMs and the unfavorable rigid backbones of conjugated polymer chains. This work successfully introduced conjugated polymers (poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate, (PEDOT:PSS)) into the system of liquid metals to provide a highly stable, aqueous, and electrically conductive ink (LM‐PEDOT:PSS inks, LMPInks) for flexible electronics. The PSS segments act as a strong ionic bridge to effectively stabilize core‐shell structure of the PEDOT and LMs in the homogenous ink. Different from previous insulated LM‐inks, LMPInk is aqueous and more importantly, electrically conductive without posttreatments due to the intrinsically conductive PEDOT:PSS. Interestingly, with low content of LM particles (<2 wt%), the printed circuits inherit the valuable transparency of PEDOT:PSS (transmission >92% in visible region), which has never been observed in LM‐based organic systems. Furthermore, such LMPInks show distinguished electrical robustness, which can automatically recover their initial electrical conductivity even after severe physical damage. With the above phenomenal advantages, various flexible circuits on different substrates are successfully provided.
Multielement Polychromatic 2D Liquid Crystal Dammann Gratings
Authors: Zhao Zimo , Chen Bohan , Salter Patrick S. , Booth Martin J. , O'Brien Dominic , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M.
Published: October 2022

Multielement and multiwavelength switchable Dammann gratings are demonstrated in polymerizable nematic liquid crystal (LC) devices fabricated using two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing. To begin with, a single element 2D Dammann grating, with a diffraction efficiency of around 60%, is fabricated in a thin polymerizable LC layer such that the grating could be activated and deactivated with the application and removal of an external applied voltage. The impact of the fabrication parameters on the resulting intensity distribution in the far‐field diffraction pattern is presented and discussed, along with results for the response times, which are found to be less than that recorded for the regions of the LC device that did not consist of the laser‐written grating. A multielement device is then presented that exhibits two different Dammann gratings that are activated by the application of two different voltage amplitudes. Results for the corresponding far‐field intensity profiles and response times are presented, which demonstrate that high quality laser written switchable Dammann gratings can be fabricated in polymerizable LCs. These switchable elements have potential in programmable beam shaping, microscopy and optical communication devices.
Pd‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Sequential Sonogashira Coupling and Dual Annulations Cascade for the Synthesis of Benzofuro[3,2‐c]‐Triazalo/Pyrrolo‐Quinolines
Authors: Deokar Dipak B. , Laha Soumi , Sridhar B. , Kumar Tiwari Dharmendra , Likhar Pravin R.
Published: October 2022

Palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction followed by dual annulation has been achieved for the synthesis of various triazolo/pyrrolo fused benzofuro‐quinolines from readily available starting materials. The developed protocol proceeds through palladium‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, benzannulation followed by C−H activation triggered second annulation reaction cascades in a single pot. In particular, the polycyclic compound formed by this method consists of three different heterocyclic structures: benzofuran, quinoline, and triazole/pyrrole. The method provides simple access to obtain a range of fused benzofurotriazalo/pyrrolo‐quinolines in good to moderate yields.

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Tricycle‐Fused Dispirooxindoles via Organocatalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reactions of 2‐Pyrones and Trifluoroethylisatin Ketimines
Authors: Xue Jing , Wang Meng , Zhao Qian , Wang You‐Cheng , Yang Qian‐Qian , Han Bo
Published: October 2022

An asymmetric synthesis of a series of tricycle‐fused dispirooxindoles frameworks assembled in different rings was disclosed via multicomponent cascade 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions of electron‐deficient 2‐pyrones and trifluoroethylisatin ketimines under the catalysis of hydroquinine or (DHQD)2PHAL with 61→99% ee and >19:1 dr. Meanwhile, these potentially biologically important dispirooxindoles fused pyrrolidinyl/tetrahydropyranone/pyrrolidinyl frame‐works bear eight contiguous stereocenters and functionalized pharmacophores which could further transfer to linaer dispirooxindoles and spirooxindoles bearing epoxyethyl moiety with retentive enantioselectivity.

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Construction of Cyclopenta[b]naphthalenol Frameworks by Weinreb Amide‐Directed Umpolung Ring Opening of Methylenecyclopropanes
Authors: Wei Hao‐Zhao , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: October 2022

A cascade cyclization from Weinreb amide‐tethered methylenecyclopropanes and alkynes has been disclosed in this paper, which extends the umpolung ring opening of methylenecyclopropanes, giving a synthetic approach for the construction of polycyclic cyclopenta[b]naphthalenol framework. In the protocol, four carbon‐carbon bonds and two carbocycles are formed without the use of transition metals, providing a tool for constructing the structure‐related polycyclic compounds.

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Native Oxidation and Complex Magnetic Anisotropy‐Dominated Soft Magnetic CoCrFeNi‐Based High‐Entropy Alloy Thin Films
Authors: Zhang Junyi , Wang Xiao , Li Xiaona , Zheng Yuehong , Liu Renwei , Luan Junhua , Jiao Zengbao , Dong Chuang , Liaw Peter K.
Published: October 2022

Soft magnetic high‐entropy alloy thin films (HEATFs) exhibit remarkable freedom of material‐structure design and physical‐property tailoring, as well as, high cut‐off frequencies and outstanding electrical resistivities, making them potential candidates for high‐frequency magnetic devices. In this study, a CoCrFeNi film with excellent soft magnetic properties is developed by forming a novel core–shell structure via native oxidation, with ferromagnetic elements Fe, Co, and Ni as the core and the Cr oxide as the shell layer. The core–shell structure enables a high saturation magnetization, enhances the electrical resistivity, and thus reduces the eddy‐current loss. For further optimizing the soft magnetic properties, O is deliberately introduced into the HEATFs, and the O‐incorporated HEATFs exhibit an electrical resistivity of 237 µΩ·cm, a saturation magnetization of 535 emu cm−3, and a coercivity of 23 A m−1. The factors that determine the ferromagnetism and coercivity of the CoCrFeNi‐based HEATFs are examined in detail by evaluating the microstructures, magnetic domains, chemical valency, and 3D microscopic compositional distributions of the prepared films. These results are anticipated to provide insights into the magnetic behaviors of soft magnetic HEATFs, as well as aid in the construction of a promising material‐design strategy for these unique materials.
Operando Laboratory‐Based Multi‐Edge X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Spectroscopy of Solid Catalysts
Authors: Genz Nina S. , Kallio Antti‐Jussi , Oord Ramon , Krumeich Frank , Pokle Anuj , Prytz Øystein , Olsbye Unni , Meirer Florian , Huotari Simo , Weckhuysen Bert M.
Published: October 2022

Laboratory‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and especially X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) offers new opportunities in catalyst characterization and presents not only an alternative, but also a complementary approach to precious beamtime at synchrotron facilities. We successfully designed a laboratory‐based setup for performing operando, quasi‐simultaneous XANES analysis at multiple K‐edges, more specifically, operando XANES of mono‐, bi‐, and trimetallic CO2 hydrogenation catalysts containing Ni, Fe, and Cu. Detailed operando XANES studies of the multielement solid catalysts revealed metal‐dependent differences in the reducibility and re‐oxidation behavior and their influence on the catalytic performance in CO2 hydrogenation. The applicability of operando laboratory‐based XANES at multiple K‐edges paves the way for advanced multielement catalyst characterization complementing detailed studies at synchrotron facilities.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Energy Transfer Enables the Synthesis of β‐Lactams via Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Oddy Meghan J. , Kusza Daniel A. , Epton Ryan G. , Lynam Jason M. , Unsworth William P. , Petersen Wade F.
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of 2‐azetidinones (β‐lactams) from simple acrylamide starting materials by visible‐light‐mediated energy transfer catalysis is reported. The reaction features a C(sp3)−H functionalization via a variation of the Norrish–Yang photocyclization involving a carbon‐to‐carbon 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer (supported by deuterium labelling and DFT calculations) and can be used for the construction of a diverse range of β‐lactam products.
A Missing Link in Multisubstituted Pyrrolidines: Remote Stereocontrol Forged by Rhodium‐Alkyl Nitrene
Authors: Tang Xinxin , Tak Raj K. , Noda Hidetoshi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: October 2022

Pyrrolidines are significant N‐heterocycles in medicinal chemistry and are among the top ten ring systems found in drug molecules. While simple derivatives are commercially available, densely decorated derivatives with precise stereochemical arrangements remain difficult to obtain. Methods for synthesizing multisubstituted pyrrolidines with nonadjacent stereocenters are particularly scarce. To bridge this gap, we report the stereoselective synthesis of remotely decorated, trisubstituted β‐prolines via Rh‐catalyzed C−H amination. The transformation proceeds well in the presence of various functionalities with exclusive anti‐selectivity. Carboxylic acids in the products serve as gateways for diverse downstream transformations. Furthermore, the combined experimental and computational study sheds lights on the origin of high diastereoselectivity.