bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efeito da contaminação por inseticida tiametoxam sobre o comportamento da mosca de interesse forense Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius)
Authors: Reginaldo Letícia da Silva , Melo Antonio Carlos Stradiotto , Paula Michele Castro de , Santos Poliana Galvão dos , Guimarães Ingrid de Carvalho , Antonialli-Junior William Fernando
Published: October 2021

Muitos fatores podem interferir na estimativa do Intervalo Pós-Morte (IPM) que é o tempo entre a morte e o achado de corpo, dentre eles substâncias que alteram os padrões de desenvolvimento dos insetos colonizadores de carcaças. Neste estudo testamos a hipótese de que, se um recurso simulando um cadáver estiver contaminado pelo inseticida tiametoxam, moscas varejeiras da espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) irão evitar explorá-lo e consumi-lo. Foram feitos testes de dupla escolha nos quais as moscas podiam optar por recurso contaminado ou não contaminado. Os resultados mostraram que estas moscas varejeiras não evitam carne contaminada com inseticida e, além disso consomem o recurso, contudo, ao fazerem isso executam comportamentos atípicos, como expor o ovipositor, e limpar-se frequentemente. Estes resultados sugerem que caso um cadáver seja contaminado com o inseticida tiametoxam, as moscas irão explorá-lo como recurso, no entanto, como esse produto altera o seu comportamento, seu ciclo de vida possivelmente será alterado, bem como a ordem de chegada das espécies, o que poderá afetar a estimativa do IPM, tendo importante impacto sobre as perícias forenses.
Wpływ chryzyny na parametry histomorfometryczne kości owariektomizowanych szczurów
Authors: Zych Maria , Wojnar Weronika , Bońka Anna , Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak Ilona
Published: October 2021

Osteoporoza jest schorzeniem wynikającym między innymi z niedoboru estrogenów u kobiet w okresie menopauzalnym. Choroba ta charakteryzuje się zmniejszoną wytrzymałością kości na uszkodzenia mechaniczne. Osłabienie układu szkieletowego wynika z zaburzeń na poziomie mikroarchitektury tkanki kostnej. Aby zapobiec rozwojowi osteoporozy pomenopauzalnej, można stosować terapię hormonalną, która jednak niesie za sobą wiele działań niepożądanych. W związku z tym poszukuje się bezpiecznej alternatywy dla hormonalnej terapii zastępczej. W tym celu wykorzystywane są związki pochodzenia roślinnego, w tym substancje o charakterze flawonoidów, nazywane fitoestrogenami. Celem pracy było zbadanie, czy związek o strukturze flawonoidu – chryzyna – może wykazywać ochronne działanie na tkankę kostną na poziomie mikroarchitektury u szczurów z eksperymentalnie wywołaną osteoporozą. Badania prowadzono na samicach szczurów szczepu Wistar podzielonych na grupy: SHAM – pozornie operowane, OVX – owariektomizowane i OVX+CHR – owariektomizowane, którym podawano doustnie chryzynę w dawce 50 mg/kg przez 4 tygodnie. Po izolacji kości zanalizowano parametry makrometryczne oraz wykonano preparaty histologiczne i oznaczono szereg parametrów histomorfometrycznych. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że chryzyna podawana szczurom owariektomizowanym powoduje nieznaczną poprawę badanych parametrów.
Badanie stanu trzeźwości pracowników – dopuszczalna forma nadzoru nad pracownikami czy nieuzasadniona ingerencja w ich dobra osobiste
Authors: Dopieralski Alan
Published: October 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zarówno ocena prawna dopuszczalności badania stanu trzeźwości pracowników z punktu widzenia jego legalności, jak i próba scharakteryzowania nie tylko samej kontroli trzeźwości jako formy nadzoru nad pracownikiem, ale również szeroko pojmowanych dóbr osobistych, które są w fazie ciągłego rozwoju oraz niebywale są związane z nadzorem pracodawcy nad pracownikiem. Artykuł także ma za zadanie odpowiedzieć na pytanie: jakie podmioty tak naprawdę są uprawnione do badania stanu trzeźwości pracowników.
Przesłanki wydania polecenia pracy zdalnej na gruncie przepisów „tarczy antykryzysowej”
Authors: Bonawenturski Kacper
Published: October 2021

Praca zdalna, nosząca dziś znamię instytucji „czasu nadzwyczajnego”, nagle stała się codziennością wielu pracowników i pracodawców. Możliwość wydania przez pracodawcę polecenia świadczenia pracy poza miejscem jej stałego wykonywania została uregulowana w art. 3 „tarczy antykryzysowej”. Analiza obowiązującego unormowania, niezbędna do właściwego stosowania instytucji, skłania do wyodrębnienia pewnych przesłanek – warunków – możliwości zastosowania przedmiotowej instytucji, którymi są przede wszystkim: działanie w celu przeciwdziałania COVID-19, istnienie między stronami stosunku pracy (posiadanie przez nie przymiotu pracownika i pracodawcy, jednak z pewnymi zastrzeżeniami), ograniczenie czasowe wykonywania takiej pracy, tożsamość pracy poleconej w stosunku do pracy zawartej w umowie o pracę, a także wskazanie miejsca świadczenia pracy, które nie jest miejscem jej stałego wykonywania. Przedstawione przesłanki zostają poddane analizie i wykładni, by zaprezentować je w sferze doktrynalnej, jak i praktycznej.
Monadologia neurologica. Wykładnia monadologicznej teorii świadomości według Olivera Sacksa
Authors: Paź Bogusław
Published: October 2021

Głównym przedmiotem niniejszego tekstu jest prezentacja Oliviera Sacksa, neurologa i psychiatry, wykładni monadologicznej teorii świadomości i osobowego podmiotu, która ma swoje źródło w filozofii Leibniza. Celem zaś jest wykazanie, że w neurologii i psychiatrii znajdujemy zjawiska, które ilustrują i potwierdzają główne twierdzenia Monadologii. W szczególności chodzi o wykazanie, iż O. Sacks w swoich neurologiczno-psychiatrycznych opisach stanów pacjentów przyjął monadyczną koncepcję świadomości. Z filozoficznego punktu widzenia  przedsięwzięcie brytyjskiego neurologa sprawiło, że pozornie abstrakcyjna i nienaoczna monadologiczna teoria niemieckiego myśliciela: po pierwsze, zyskała swój empiryczny model, który wyraża główne jej tezy i po drugie, ukazany został jej, tj. monadologii, nowy sens i wartość jako głębokiej metafizycznej podstawy rozumienia człowieka.
Uczucia estetyczne i poznanie integralne. W perspektywie estetyki pragmatycznej Johna Deweya
Authors: Ziółkowska-Juś Anna
Published: October 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie roli uczuć estetycznych (specyficznych dla doświadczenia estetycznego) w poznaniu integralnej z punktu widzenia pragmatyzmu Johna Deweya. Zaproponowana koncepcja poznania integralnego wymaga zjednoczenia intelektu ze zmysłami, uczuciami, cielesnością oraz wyobraźnią i intuicją, czyli sferą estetyczną. Praktykowanie tego rodzaju poznania prowadzi do zdobywania informacji i holistycznego rozwoju człowieka, osiągnięcia przezeń wewnętrznej harmonii i satysfakcji. Pierwsza część artykułu dotyczy związku doświadczenia estetycznego z poznaniem integralnym. Druga część przedstawia znaczenie uczuć w postawie pragmatycznej Deweya. Trzecia część analizuje specyfikę uczuć estetycznych. Ostatnia część ma na celu rozważenie, w jaki sposób i dlaczego uczucia estetyczne przyczyniają się do poznania integralnego.
Państwo prawa w obiektywie społecznego nauczania Kościoła katolickiego. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Boike Paweł
Published: October 2021

Najpierw autor krótko referuje historyczny rozwój idei rządów w granicach prawa. Następnie przechodzi do opisu oceny, z jaką ta kategoria filozofii społecznej spotykała się ze strony Urzędu Nauczycielskiego Kościoła w XIX i XX w. Niechęć ustępuje akceptacji wraz z encykliką Jana XXIII Pacem in terris oraz dwoma dokumentami II Soboru Watykańskiego: deklaracją Dignitatis Humanae i konstytucją Gaudium et spes. Kościół opowiada się za poszanowaniem zasady państwa prawa, ale nie rozumie jej na sposób pozytywistyczny. Zdaniem Urzędu Nauczycielskiego w aspektach formalnych praworządności widzieć należy gwarancje służące zabezpieczeniu przyrodzonych praw osoby ludzkiej.
Więzi rodzinne a problematyka dóbr osobistych
Authors: Grablis Kinga
Published: October 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza statusu więzi rodzinnych jako dobra osobistego w oparciu o dotychczasowe orzecznictwo i poglądy doktryny. Rozważania koncentrują się na poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na pytanie o zasadność przyznania im statusu dobra osobistego w rozumieniu art. 23 k.c. Autorka zwraca uwagę na niepewność prawną związaną z funkcjonującymi w obrocie prawnym uchwałami Sądu Najwyższego, prezentującymi odmienne stanowiska co do analizowanego zagadnienia, i konieczność jej rozstrzygnięcia.
Problem zmiany nazwiska pasierba w świetle przepisów kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego
Authors: Kabza Ewa
Published: October 2021

W artykule dokonano krytycznej analizy art. 90 k.r.o. odnoszącego się do zmiany nazwiska pasierba przy uwzględnieniu polskiego i zagranicznego dorobku piśmiennictwa i judykatury oraz sformułowano kilka uwag de lege ferenda. Zidentyfikowano także sześć obszarów problemowych: 1) brak wymogu uzyskania zgody drugiego rodzica na zmianę nazwiska dziecka, 2) uniezależnienie dopuszczalności wnioskowania o zmianę nazwiska od sprawowania nad dzieckiem bieżącej pieczy, 3) oderwane od rzeczywistych stosunków rodzinnych wyjątki w zakresie dopuszczalności zmiany nazwiska, 4) niedające się dłużej utrzymać ratio legis wyłączeń z art. 90 § 2 k.r.o., 5) brak wyraźnego zakreślenia granic czasowych na dokonanie zmiany nazwiska oraz 6) zbyt wysoko ustalona granica wiekowa dla dziecka, po przekroczeniu której jest zobowiązane do wyrażenia zgody na zmianę nazwiska.
Na służbie imperium Zła. Sudopłatow i Sierow o 17 września 1939 r.
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2021

W 1994 r. ukazały się Pawła Sudopłatowa "Wspomnienia niewygodnego świadka". „Prawdopodobnie od chwili opublikowania tajnego przemówienia Chruszczowa nikt bardziej nie rozszerzył naszej wiedzy o tym okresie” (Robert Conquest). Sudopłatow to człowiek o ogromnych kompetencjach w zakresie operacji specjalnych oraz szpiegostwa, po 1938 r. pozostający w stałym kontakcie z Ławrientijem Berią i Józefem Stalinem. W 2019 r. ukazały się w języku polskim "Tajemnice walizki generała Sierowa. Dzienniki pierwszego szefa KGB. 1939–1963". Są to prowadzone w zasadzie na bieżąco przez niemal ćwierć wieku pamiętniki szefa sowieckiej bezpieki, a później sowieckiego wywiadu wojskowego GRU. Sierow jako jedyny w Związku Radzieckim był szefem zarówno „cywilnego” Komitetu Bezpieczeństwa Państwowego, jak i wojskowego Głównego Zarządu Wywiadu (GRU). Iwan Aleksandrowicz Sierow czynnie uczestniczył w absolutnie wszystkich najważniejszych wydarzeniach lat 1939–1945/1947, i to na najwyższym szczeblu decyzyjnym, pozostając w stałym kontakcie najpierw ze Stalinem, a później z Chruszczowem. W ten sposób czytelnik otrzymał pamiętniki, względnie wspomnienia dwóch najwyżej stojących w hierarchii funkcjonariuszy sowieckich służb pecjalnych. „Żywoty równoległe”. Z istoty swoich funkcji i obowiązków oraz stawianych przed nimi zadań musieli brać aktywny udział m.in. w rozpoczęciu II wojny światowej. Ta zaś – jak wiadomo – rozpoczęła się paktem Ribbentrop–Mołotow i m.in. napaścią 17 września 1939 r. Związku Sowieckiego na Polskę. Żaden z nich ani Sierow, ani Sudopłatow, w zasadzie nie krył swoich zbrodni, a nawet nieraz wyrażał się cynicznie o własnych poczynaniach. Żaden niczego nie żałował. Wykonywali właściwą robotę dla dobra Związku Radzieckiego. Sudopłatow, dyktujący swoje wspomnienia po 1992 r., zauważył, że „los państw nadbałtyckich, który początkowo decydował się na Kremlu i w Berlinie, podobny był do losu państw wschodnioeuropejskich zadecydowanego w Jałcie. […] Pominięto milczeniem fakt, że [Stalin] podpisał również tajną transakcję o podziale Europy najpierw z Rooseveltem i Churchillem w Jałcie, a później w Poczdamie z Trumanem”. Ronald Reagan nazwał Związek Radziecki imperium Zła i to trafne określenie trzeba też odnieść do samych korzeni bolszewizmu, do gleby, na której się rodził. Bolszewizm był projektem inżynierii społecznej, którego istotą było Zło Absolutne. Funkcjonariusze totalitarnego – komunistycznego systemu byli zupełnie pozbawieni cech ludzkich. Zezwierzęcenie obejmowało całe armie funkcjonariuszy bezpieki i partii komunistycznej. Co w człowieku tkwi? – ale to jest pytanie dla psychiatry. Próbowała na nie odpowiedzieć psychoanaliza, także socjologia czy filozofia. Zbrodnia jest właściwa całemu systemowi komunistycznemu podczas całego jego istnienia.
“Each one brings with his faith and thought – even in chains – thrones to the highs and down” – on the European significance of the Polish republican heritage
Authors: Müßig Ulrike
Published: October 2021

Constitutional history may be done on national or on comparative scale. If approached comparatively, it requires an external look to a historical legal system. This look, though, is the more accurate the more one considers the legal cultural spirit. As a German legal historian, it is decisive to distance myself from any Hegelian Volksgeist-thinking. Rather, my interest in the Polish republican tradition forging the national memory in the years of statelessness and imposed authoritarianism is guided by a Burckhardtian way. As he read the Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) in terms of the rise of the individual, there seems to be a Polish legal culture in terms of a republican stimulus of “non-domination”. If this paper argues that Polish republicanism has a share in Poland’s vital and leading role in the fall of communism from 1989 onwards, it is not so naïve to assume a direct line from the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when nobility was acquiring real power at the expense of royal prerogatives, to the twentieth century. It is more like a visit to Monet’s Bassin aux nymphéas in the Parisian Musée Marmottan: Blossoms are placed on the canvas in thick strokes, merging colours into another. The water lilies are only recognizable, if you stand ba ck from the painting and admire the wholepicture. It is in this way that Polish Republicanism matters, not only forPoland, but also for Europe.
Szkody wyrządzone przez zwierzęta w świetle regulacji przepisu art. 431 Kodeksu cywilnego
Authors: Piernik-Wierzbowska Kamila
Published: October 2021

Posługiwanie się zwierzęciem oraz jego chów wiążą się z koniecznością określonego zachowania zarówno wobec zwierzęcia, jak i otoczenia. Zwierzęta, jako żywe organizmy, nie poddają się całkowicie woli ani kierownictwu człowieka i stwarzają zwiększone niebezpieczeństwo dla otoczenia, w którym się znalazły. Ten motyw stanowi m.in. o wprowadzeniu w art. 431 Kodeksu cywilnego zaostrzonej odpowiedzialności opartej na domniemaniu winy w nadzorze. Widoczne w orzecznictwie zawężenie tej odpowiedzialności do przypadków, w ramach których zwierzę wyrządziło szkodę całkowicie i wyłącznie z własnego popędu, pozostaje w sprzeczności z celem tej regulacji i nie znajduje uzasadnienia.
Aksjologiczne problemy prawa ochrony środowiska
Authors: Rakoczy Bartosz
Published: October 2021

Przedmiotem analizy były aksjologiczne problemy ochrony środowiska. Za najistotniejszy z nich uznać należy antropocentryczny i biocentryczny spór o prawo ochrony środowiska. Koncepcja biocentryzmu dąży do upodmiotowienia środowiska i jego elementów. Upodmiotowienie to może przebiegać w dwóch kierunkach i może dotyczyć całego środowiska lub też jego elementów (np. zwierząt). Aksjologiczne problemy prawa ochrony środowiska obejmują również kwestie konfliktów między poszczególnymi wartościami. Ich rozwiązywanie jest możliwe obecnie jedynie w duchu zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju.
A Progressive Approximation Approach for the Exact Solution of Sparse Large-Scale Binary Interdiction Games
Authors: Contardo Claudio , Sefair Jorge A.
Published: October 2021

We present a progressive approximation algorithm for the exact solution of several classes of interdiction games in which two noncooperative players (namely an attacker and a follower) interact sequentially. The follower must solve an optimization problem that has been previously perturbed by means of a series of attacking actions led by the attacker. These attacking actions aim at augmenting the cost of the decision variables of the follower’s optimization problem. The objective, from the attacker’s viewpoint, is that of choosing an attacking strategy that reduces as much as possible the quality of the optimal solution attainable by the follower. The progressive approximation mechanism consists of the iterative solution of an interdiction problem in which the attacker actions are restricted to a subset of the whole solution space and a pricing subproblem invoked with the objective of proving the optimality of the attacking strategy. This scheme is especially useful when the optimal solutions to the follower’s subproblem intersect with the decision space of the attacker only in a small number of decision variables. In such cases, the progressive approximation method can solve interdiction games otherwise intractable for classical methods. We illustrate the efficiency of our approach on the shortest path, 0-1 knapsack and facility location interdiction games.

Summary of Contribution: In this article, we present a progressive approximation algorithm for the exact solution of several classes of interdiction games in which two noncooperative players (namely an attacker and a follower) interact sequentially. We exploit the discrete nature of this interdiction game to design an effective algorithmic framework that improves the performance of general-purpose solvers. Our algorithm combines elements from mathematical programming and computer science, including a metaheuristic algorithm, a binary search procedure, a cutting-planes algorithm, and supervalid inequalities. Although we illustrate our results on three specific problems (shortest path, 0-1 knapsack, and facility location), our algorithmic framework can be extended to a broader class of interdiction problems.
Rare health conditions 51: Aarskog syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis, Adie syndrome, Fowler's syndrome
Authors: Barber Chris
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this series is to highlight a range of rare health conditions. Rare health conditions are those that affect no more, and usually fewer, than 1 person in every 2000. Many healthcare assistants and nurses will encounter some of these conditions, given the high number of them. This 51st article will briefly explore four of these conditions: Aarskog syndrome, Adie syndrome, autoimmune hepatitis and Fowler's syndrome.
Childhood atopic eczema: Management and diagnosis
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: October 2021

Suneeta Kochhar details how nurses can treat children affected by this often painful condition
River Dissolved Oxygen Prediction Based on Random Forest and LSTM
Authors: Huan Juan , Chen Bo , Xu Xian Gen , Li Hui , Li Ming Bao , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2021

Highlights

Random Forest (RF) and LSTM were developed for river DO prediction.

PH is the most important feature affecting DO prediction.

The model base on RF is better than the model not on RF, and the dimensionality of the input data is reduced by RF.

RF-LSTM model is outperformed SVR, RF-SVR, BP, RF-BP, LSTM, RNN models in DO prediction.

Abstract. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of dissolved oxygen in rivers, a dissolved oxygen prediction model based on Random Forest (RF) and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) is proposed. First, the Random Forest performs feature selection, which reduces the input dimension of the data and eliminates the influence of irrelevant variables on the prediction of dissolved oxygen. Then build the LSTM river dissolved oxygen prediction model to fit the relationship between water quality data and dissolved oxygen, and finally use real water quality data in the river for verification. The experimental results show that the mean square error (MSE), absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) of the RF-LSTM model are 0.658, 0.528, 13.502, 0.811, 0.744, respectively, which are better than other models. The RF-LSTM model has good predictive performance and can provide a reference for river water quality management. Keywords: Dissolved oxygen prediction, LSTM, Random forest, Time series, Water quality management.
Development and Validation of an Animal Thermal Environment Interaction Laboratory
Authors: Smith Benjamin C. , Weyer Sara E. , Ramirez Brett C. , Hoff Steven J. , Gates Richard S.
Published: October 2021

Highlights

A custom-designed laboratory for thermal environment interaction research was constructed.

All instrumentation systems were commissioned.

Operation performance of the laboratory with sows was evaluated.

Abstract. A pilot-scale laboratory was designed and built to meet the specific needs of conducting precision livestock farming (PLF) research related to animal response to its thermal environment. The two room (8.5 × 3.7 × 2.9 m; W × L × H) laboratory was built inside an existing structure utilizing common construction methods and materials. Each room was fully instrumented to characterize the thermal (dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity) and gaseous (O2, CO2) environment and facilitate both direct and indirect calorimetry measurements. The laboratory’s instrumentation set-up allows for expansion into additional thermal (black-globe temperature), lighting analysis (wavelength and intensity), and gas (NH3) as experiments demand. Ventilation was a “modified push-pull” style with one common supply fan and an exhaust fan for each room operating at a slight negative pressure. Each room also featured an airflow measurement device that was individually calibrated. The commissioning of the environmental control demonstrated all sensors were functioning correctly. Operational performance of the laboratory with sows demonstrated the ventilation and environmental controls were effective at controlling room temperature when ambient temperature was warmer than room setpoint. This laboratory can be used for various poultry and swine experiments for developing and refining PLF technologies before advancing to field trials in commercial facilities. Unique and extensive research laboratories are needed to readily facilitate the research and development of PLF technologies related to characterizing and controlling the animal occupied zone thermal environment that align with industry needs. Traditional production facilities present challenges related to biosecurity, instrumentation capabilities, labor, and travel to remote sites. Keywords: Commissioning, PLF, Poultry, Swine, Ventilation.
An Idea for Predicting Residual Stress Field of Roll Tensioned Circular Saw Blade
Authors: An Yuan , Li Bo , Zhang Boyang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a concise and fast 2D model of the roll tensioning process was built using the finite element method. Elastic thermal expansion is used to simulate rolling plastic deformation. A 3D model considering contact between roller and circular saw blade was also built. Through comparison of residual stress results obtained by the 2D model, 3D model, and X-ray stress test method, the correctness and feasibility of the 2D model were proven. While accounting for the diversity of circular saw blade structure, this paper provided an idea for rapidly predicting the residual stress field of a roll-tensioned circular saw blade.
Second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation based on birefringence phase matching of BaMgF4 crystal
Authors: Yan Shuo , Liu Zhanwei , Liu Haigang , Sun Yiwei , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng
Published: October 2021

B
a
M
g

F

4

is a ferroelectric nonlinear crystal with a very wide transparency window ranging from 125 nm to

13

µ

m

of the wavelength. Therefore, it is a candidate material to generate ultraviolet or deep ultraviolet laser, which is very important in lithography, semiconductor manufacturing, and advanced instrument development. Here, the second-order birefringence phase-matching processes of the

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal were studied, including second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG). In the experiments, we measured the phase-matching angle, nonlinear frequency conversion efficiency, and angle bandwidth of SHG and SFG processes of

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal, which are in well agreement with the theoretical calculations. This study may promote the research of nonlinear optical process of

B
a
M
g

F

4

crystal and also the further development of all-solid-state vacuum ultraviolet lasers.
Highly sensitive long-period fiber-grating-based biosensor inherently immune to temperature and strain
Authors: Dandapat Krishnendu , Tripathi Saurabh Mani
Published: October 2021

For two simultaneously varying external perturbation parameters, namely, temperature and strain, we propose and theoretically demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme of developing inherently insensitive biosensors based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs). The insensitivities have been achieved by inherently nullifying (i) temperature-induced phases of the core and cladding modes by judiciously adjusting the core dopants and their concentrations and (ii) strain-induced phase changes generated inside one LPFG with that inside the other LPFG by optimizing the grating parameters (grating period, strength, and length). The resulting biosensor has ultrahigh overall bulk refractive index sensitivity of

∼

3

µ

m

/

R
I
U

for biosamples (RI varying in the range of 1.33 to 1.34 RIU) and an affinity sensitivity of

∼

1.4

n
m

/

n
m

for biomolecules (

R
I

∼
1.45

R
I
U

). Our study should find application in developing ultrasensitive, high-precision bio/chemical sensors that are inherently immune to environmental temperature and strain variations.
Physical factors affecting the propagation length of Bloch surface modes in one-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Villa-Villa F. , Gutiérrez-Villarreal J. M. , Pérez-Aguilar H. , Gaspar-Armenta J. A.
Published: October 2021

In this work we present a detailed study of the propagation length of Bloch modes along the surface between a bulk medium and a one-dimensional truncated photonic crystal and how this quantity is affected by different parameters like the number of periods composing the photonic crystal, absorption of materials, the leak of energy due to the intrinsic structure of the system, and the roughness of involved surfaces that is inherently present depending on the manufacturing method and the materials themselves. To analyze the influence of different factors affecting the propagation length, we use essentially three different methods: the characteristic matrix for systems composed of smooth surfaces, along with the numerical fitting of a Lorentz curve around the resonance; the boundary integral method based on the Green function for two-dimensional systems that include random rough surfaces; and the numerical analysis of the energy propagation along the surface when a Gaussian beam impinges on it. We have found that the propagation length can vary from a few nanometers to some millimeters depending on the different mentioned factors, along with the relative position of the modes within the bandgaps. Bloch modes located at the center of bandgaps propagate longer distances than those residing near the edges. Absorption and roughness provoke a drastic decreasing of the propagation length as they increase at small rates. Finally, the number of periods composing the structure also produces an increase of the propagation length reaching a maximum and then dropping almost suddenly to zero when it grows at a constant pace.
Fibre polarisation state compensation in entanglement-based quantum key distribution
Authors: Shi Yicheng , Poh Hou Shun , Ling Alexander , Kurtsiefer Christian
Published: October 2021

Quantum key distribution (QKD) using polarisation encoding can be hard to implement over deployed telecom fibres because the routing geometry and the birefringence of the fibre link can alter the polarisation states of the propagating photons. These alterations cause a basis mismatch, leading to an increased quantum bit error rate (QBER). In this work we demonstrate a technique for a dynamically compensating fibre-induced state alteration in a QKD system. This compensation scheme includes a feedback loop that minimizes the QBER using a stochastic optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of this technique is implemented and verified in a polarisation entanglement QKD system over a deployed telecom fibre.
Phase-only femtosecond optical pulse shaping based on an all-dielectric polarization-insensitive metasurface
Authors: Abbaszadeh Afshin , Tehranian Ali , Salehi Jawad A.
Published: October 2021

Recently, metasurfaces capable of manipulating the amplitude and the phase of an incident wave in a broad frequency band have been employed for femtosecond optical pulse shaping purposes. In this study, we introduce a phase-only pulse shaper based on an all-dielectric CMOS-compatible polarization-insensitive metasurface, composed of Si nano cylinders sitting on a fused silica substrate. The required phase profile of the metasurface for desired waveforms are calculated using an iterative Fourier transform algorithm, and the performance of the pulse shaper metasurface in implementing the phase masks was assessed using full-wave simulations. Such approach for realizing a polarization-insensitive metasurface-based phase-only pulse shaper has never been investigated to the best of our knowledge. It is demonstrated that the simulated results of the proposed metasurface-based pulse shaper is in great agreement with the results of the algorithm, while exhibiting a very high transmission efficiency. This work indicates yet another exciting but not fully examined application of meta-structures that is the optical pulse shaping.
Investigation of longitudinal uniformity of the core structure in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Yuan Xin , Gao Fuyu , Wang Xiaoyang , Song Ningfang
Published: October 2021

In this study, a low-noise Fabry–Perot interference-based method is promoted to measure the longitudinal uniformity of the distance between six pairs of opposite silica–air interfaces within the core of a seven-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. The experimental results demonstrate that the precision of the method is improved to the subnanometer scale. Based on the test results, a model is established to study the effect of the longitudinal uniformity of the core structure on the fiber loss, and the simulation results indicate that the fiber loss could reach ∼22.73 dB/km, which is consistent with the practical loss value.
Remote Michelson interferometric phase sensor based on dual-core fiber transmission and linear phase demodulation
Authors: Bai Yuanshuo , Xie Weilin , Liu Songhan , Zhou Haijun , Meng Yinxia , Zhang Ling , Wei Wei , Dong Yi
Published: October 2021

We present a remote Michelson interferometric phase sensor based on dual-core fiber transmission and linear phase demodulation. The former allows for synchronous transmission of both sensing signal and reference lights, enabling efficient suppression for the environmental disturbances along the transmission link and for the incoherent phase noise between the two lights. The latter is conducted by two optical phase-locked loops, one of which consists of a fiber stretcher that is used to eliminate the residual phase noises, thus stabilizing the operation point while the other relies on a phase modulator that is used to track the remote phase changes, thus achieving a highly linearized phase demodulation. A remote phase sensing over a 20 km fiber link with less than 3% nonlinear phase error over

3
π

range has been readily realized, corresponding to more than 10 times extension in a linear phase demodulation range. The proposed system shows great potential in the field of remote phase sensing for a variety of physical quantities.
Ultra-narrow passband-tunable filter based on a high-Q silicon racetrack resonator
Authors: Xu Jin , Zhang Yujia , Guo Xuhan , Huang Qingzhong , Zhang Xinliang , Su Yikai
Published: October 2021

An ultra-narrow narrow passband-tunable optical filter employing a high-Q silicon racetrack resonator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a SOI platform. The high-Q silicon racetrack resonator is realized by utilizing the multimode waveguide racetrack, and the Q factor is measured as high as

8.1
×

10
5

. The structure of the device is based on a thermally tunable Mach–Zehnder interferometer coupled racetrack. The tunability of the bandwidth is realized by tuning the coupling coefficient between the racetrack resonator and the input or output ports. Finally, the bandwidth of the filter can be tuned from 1.92 to 11.00 pm (240 MHz to 1.375 GHz), and the free spectral range is about 0.28 nm (35 GHz), with the footprint of

0.21

m
m

2

.
Poincaré sphere representation of scalar two-beam interference under spatial unitary transformations
Authors: Halder Atri , Norrman Andreas , Friberg Ari T.
Published: October 2021

We consider two partially correlated scalar light beams in a spatially unitary interference setup. We introduce a state vector in a Poincaré-sphere-like geometrical configuration that fully specifies such an optical system and its evolution under spatial unitary transformations. We also identify three particular unitary operations together with their geometrical representations that can be optically implemented to realize an arbitrary spatial unitary transformation. Our work forms an advantageous geometrical platform to characterize distinguishability, visibility, degree of coherence, and classical entanglement, as well as their spatial unitary evolutions, in scalar two-beam light interference.
Mid-infrared soliton self-frequency shift in chalcogenide glass
Authors: Alamgir Imtiaz , Shamim Md Hosne Mobarok , Correr Wagner , Messaddeq Younès , Rochette Martin
Published: October 2021

Emerging applications in the mid-infrared (MIR) stimulate the growth and development of novel optical light sources. Soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) in soft glass fiber currently shows great potential as an efficient approach toward the generation of broadly tunable femtosecond pulses in the MIR. In this work, we demonstrate a highly efficient tunable soliton source based on SSFS in chalcogenide glass. We show a simple and fully fiberized system to generate these continuously tunable Raman solitons over a broad spectral range of 2.047–2.667 µm, which consumes no more than 87 pJ per pulse. The spectral measurements suggest that the generated pulses are as short as 62 fs with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 43%. This result is realized thanks to an 8 cm long

A
s

2

S

3

microstructure optical fiber tapered into a microwire. Thanks to their broad transparency, their high nonlinearity, and their adjustable chromatic dispersion, chalcogenide microwires are promising components for the development of compact and highly efficient MIR optical sources with low power consumption.
Giant Goos-Hänchen shifts controlled by exceptional points in a PT-symmetric periodic multilayered structure coated with graphene
Authors: Yue Qinxin , Zhen Weiming , Ding Yiping , Zhou Xiang , Deng Dongmei
Published: October 2021

We theoretically study the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts of Gaussian beams reflected in parity-time (PT) symmetric multilayered structure coating graphene structures. And there are the exceptional points (EPs) in this structure, whose position can be adjusted by the real part of the dielectric constant and the incident angle. Moreover, we find that the value and direction of the GH shifts change significantly under different EPs, so we could control the GH shifts by the position of the EPs. When the dielectric constant is fixed, the GH shifts can also be adjusted by the Fermi energy of graphene and the period number of the PT-symmetric structure. With the increase of the period number of the PT system, the system will produce the Bragg resonance, which refers to the phenomenon of total reflection caused by the interaction between the wave and the periodic structure with a specific frequency. And at the Bragg resonance, the special GH shifts independent of the incident direction can be obtained with large reflectivity. In addition, the incident direction of the beam can also affect the GH shifts in this asymmetric structure. Our results may find great applications in highly sensitive sensors, optoelectronic switches, and all-optical devices.
Astigmatism and spherical aberrations as main causes for degradation of ultrafast laser-induced cavitation in water
Authors: Aguilar Alberto , Bernard Aurélien , De Saint-Jean Amélie , Baubeau Emmanuel , Bertail Aurélien , Mauclair Cyril
Published: October 2021

The generation of cavitation bubbles in water by focused laser pulses has been thoroughly studied, particularly due to the wide range of applications in biomedical fields, in particular for ophthalmic laser surgery. The presence of optical aberrations in any optical system deteriorates the precision of light focusing and may reduce the laser interaction efficiency in transparent media. In this paper, we analyze the influence of several controlled optical geometrical aberrations in the formation and dynamics of cavitation bubbles in water caused by laser-induced optical breakdown using femtosecond laser pulses. The maximum cavitation bubble diameter reduces with increasing aberrations, showing a drop of the energy coupling efficiency, ultimately leading to the absence of cavitation bubble. The study reveals that the secondary astigmatism and spherical aberrations degrade more rapidly the beam concentration than the other aberrations studied here (namely astigmatism first and second, coma, spherical and trefoil). The cavitation energy threshold becomes equally increased. This observation relates very well to numerical simulations evaluating the laser fluence at and around the focusing plane in the presence of aberrations. These results open the door to more controlled ultrafast laser assisted surgeries and processing in transparent media.
Spatiotemporal thermal analysis of tapered fibers in optical cavity sensing applications at 633 nm and 1550 nm
Authors: Ullah Ubaid , Imran Cheema M.
Published: October 2021

Fiber optic sensors with tapered silica fibers as sensing heads are attractive for various sensing applications. A mode propagating in a tapered fiber generates heat and induces temperature changes in and along the surface of the tapered fiber. The mode’s effective index also changes due to the thermo-optic coefficients of silica and analyte surrounding the tapered fiber. It is essential to analyze the spatiotemporal thermal response of tapered fibers due to the heat generated by a propagating mode to optimize the sensor’s performance. Here, we investigate the thermal response of air-clad and water-clad tapered fibers in Fabry-Pérot cavity sensors by analytically solving the heat equation in conjunction with finite element method simulations at 633 nm and 1550 nm. We find that the tapered fiber surface temperature and resonant wavelength of the cavity sensor change by ten times more at 633 nm than at 1550 nm. We also find an optimum radius of tapered fiber for sensing in aqueous solutions where thermal error becomes zero. The optimum radius is 0.35 μm at 633 nm and 0.85 μm at 1550 nm for a 25 cm long cavity made of 99.99% reflectivity mirrors with 2 cm long tapered fiber at 10 mW input power. We believe that the present work will give researchers better insight into understanding and controlling thermal-dependent properties of tapered fibers, specifically towards sensing applications and generally towards related technologies such as tapered fiber amplifiers and supercontinuum sources.
The Ōshū Fujiwara—An interdisciplinary study on the history, culture and medical assessment of the oldest known mummified human remains in Japan (late Heian, 12th century AD)
Authors: Schmid Sarah Rebecca , Habicht Michael , Eppenberger Patrick , Seiler Roger , Steineck Raji , Rühli Frank
Published: October 2021

This study documents a rare case of mummified human remains from Japan, dating to the late Heian period, 12th Century AD. The remains have only been scientifically investigated once in 1950 so far. The results of this investigation were translated, analyzed, and interpreted using methods of the 21st century. The remains have been traditionally identified as the four ruling generations of the Ōshū Fujiwara clan, who built a cultural and economic center in Hiraizumi. Accordingly, this paper will first examine the historical and cultural significance of Hiraizumi and its ruling class before re-evaluating the findings of the 1950 investigation. This study is the first in the Western scientific literature to provide a comprehensive historical, cultural, and medical evaluation of these mummies.
Does information structuring improve recall of discharge information? A cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Siegrist Victoria , Mata Rui , Langewitz Wolf , Gerger Heike , Furger Stephan , Hertwig Ralph , Bingisser Roland
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The impact of the quality of discharge communication between physicians and their patients is critical on patients’ health outcomes. Nevertheless, low recall of information given to patients at discharge from emergency departments (EDs) is a well-documented problem. Therefore, we investigated the outcomes and related benefits of two different communication strategies: Physicians were instructed to either use empathy (E) or information structuring (S) skills hypothesizing superior recall by patients in the S group.

Methods

For the direct comparison of two communication strategies at discharge, physicians were cluster-randomized to an E or a S skills training. Feasibility was measured by training completion rates. Outcomes were measured in patients immediately after discharge, after 7, and 30 days. Primary outcome was patients’ immediate recall of discharge information. Secondary outcomes were feasibility of training implementation, patients’ adherence to recommendations and satisfaction, as well as the patient-physician relationship.

Results

Of 117 eligible physicians, 80 (68.4%) completed the training. Out of 256 patients randomized to one of the two training groups (E: 146 and S: 119) 196 completed the post-discharge assessment. Patients’ immediate recall of discharge information was superior in patients in the S-group vs. E-group. Patients in the S-group adhered to more recommendations within 30 days (p = .002), and were more likely to recommend the physician to family and friends (p = .021). No differences were found on other assessed outcome domains.

Conclusions and practice Implications

Immediate recall and subsequent adherence to recommendations were higher in the S group. Feasibility was shown by a 69.6% completion rate of trainings. Thus, trainings of discharge information structuring are feasible and improve patients’ recall, and may therefore improve quality of care in the ED.
Mechanistic modelling of COVID-19 and the impact of lockdowns on a short-time scale
Authors: Ahmed Danish A. , Ansari Ali R. , Imran Mudassar , Dingle Kamal , Bonsall Michael B.
Published: October 2021

Background

To mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, some countries have adopted more stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions in contrast to those widely used. In addition to standard practices such as enforcing curfews, social distancing, and closure of non-essential service industries, other non-conventional policies also have been implemented, such as the total lockdown of fragmented regions, which are composed of sparsely and highly populated areas.

Methods

In this paper, we model the movement of a host population using a mechanistic approach based on random walks, which are either diffusive or super-diffusive. Infections are realised through a contact process, whereby a susceptible host is infected if in close spatial proximity of the infectious host with an assigned transmission probability. Our focus is on a short-time scale (∼ 3 days), which is the average time lag time before an infected individual becomes infectious.

Results

We find that the level of infection remains approximately constant with an increase in population diffusion, and also in the case of faster population dispersal (super-diffusion). Moreover, we demonstrate how the efficacy of imposing a lockdown depends heavily on how susceptible and infectious individuals are distributed over space.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that on a short-time scale, the type of movement behaviour does not play an important role in rising infection levels. Also, lock-down restrictions are ineffective if the population distribution is homogeneous. However, in the case of a heterogeneous population, lockdowns are effective if a large proportion of infectious carriers are distributed in sparsely populated sub-regions.
Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants differ in their psychological responses to patterns of lifetime adversity
Authors: Cooper Daniel K. , Bámaca-Colbert Mayra , Layland Eric K. , Simpson Emily G. , Bayly Benjamin L.
Published: October 2021

Background

Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants are often exposed to multiple types of adversity across their lifetime (e.g., maltreatment, household dysfunction, discrimination) and this exposure can increase the risk for adult mental health problems.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to (a) identify subgroups of individuals exposed to unique combinations of childhood adversity and lifetime discrimination among Puerto Ricans and Mexican immigrants, and (b) compare the prevalence of mental health problems across different risk profiles.

Method

We used existing data from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants included Puerto Rican (N = 402) and Mexican adults (N = 1351) born outside but living in the continental U.S.

Findings

Through latent profile analysis, we selected a three-profile solution for Puerto Ricans: (a) Low Exposure (low on all adversity items; 58% of sample), (b) Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Only (high on ACEs items, average or lower than average on discrimination items; 32%), and (c) Dual Exposure (high on all adversity items; 10%). For Mexicans, we selected a four-profile solution: (a) Low Exposure (52%), (b) ACEs Only (24%), (c) Maltreatment and Discrimination (15%), and (d) Dual Exposure (9%). For Mexicans, we found that the Dual Exposure and the Maltreatment and Discrimination profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems. For Puerto Ricans, the Dual Exposure and ACEs Only profiles had the highest levels of mental health problems, suggesting that Puerto Ricans may be more vulnerable to the effects of childhood adversities as compared to Mexican immigrants. Results from our study indicate that different patterns of adversity exposure are linked to different levels of mental health outcomes, and therefore, may require different intervention dosage. Understanding which groups of individuals are at highest and lowest risk for mental health problems is critical for developing effective, tailored interventions to prevent the negative effects of childhood adversity and discrimination for Latinxs.