bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput screening of optimal process conditions using model predictive control
Authors: Krausch Niels , Kim Jong Woo , Barz Tilman , Lucia Sergio , Groß Sebastian , Huber Matthias C. , Schiller Stefan M. , Neubauer Peter , Cruz Bournazou Mariano N.
Published: September 2022

Modern biotechnological laboratories are equipped with advanced parallel mini‐bioreactor facilities that can perform sophisticated cultivation strategies (e.g., fed‐batch or continuous) and generate significant amounts of measurement data. These systems require not only optimal experimental designs that find the best conditions in very large design spaces, but also algorithms that manage to operate a large number of different cultivations in parallel within a well‐defined and tightly constrained operating regime. Existing advanced process control algorithms have to be tailored to tackle the specific issues of such facilities such as: a very complex biological system, constant changes in the metabolic activity and phenotypes, shifts of pH and/or temperature, and metabolic switches, to name a few. In this study we implement a model predictive control (MPC) framework to demonstrate: (1) the challenges in terms of mathematical model structure, state, and parameter estimation, and optimization under highly nonlinear and stiff dynamics in biological systems, (2) the adaptations required to enable the application of MPC in high throughput bioprocess development, and (3) the added value of MPC implementations when operating parallel mini‐bioreactors aiming to maximize the biomass concentration while coping with hard constrains on the dissolved oxygen tension profile.
Bilateral expansion of mandible and maxillae in a 5‐year‐old girl
Authors: Movahedi Nasim , Malek Abdolreza , Ziaee Vahid
Published: September 2022

A 5‐year‐old girl with symmetrical expansion of mandible and both maxillae, lack of eruption of several teeth an hypertrophied palate was presented to our clinic. upon detailed laboratory, imaging and histopathological evaluation, the diagnosis of “Cherubism” a rare autoinflammatory bone disease was confirmed.
Sequence Selective Ring‐opening Terpolymerisation Facilitates Higher Order Switchable Catalysis
Authors: Plajer Alex J.
Published: September 2022

Sequence selective ring‐opening terpolymerisation (ROTERP) allows the design of block polymerisation cascades with three distinct mechanistic cycles. Ring‐opening polymerisation (ROP), ring‐opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) and ROTERP can be combined in cascades where the onset of the most complex process supresses the occurrence of the simpler ones. The cascades furthermore enable the incorporation of different heteroallenes between blocks.
Influence of Lithium Difluoro (Oxalato) Borate Additive on the Performance of LiCoPO4−LiFePO4 Solid‐Solution by Carbothermal Reduction
Authors: Sreedeep Sreekumar , Praneetha Selvarasu , Lee Yun‐Sung , Aravindan Vanchiappan
Published: September 2022

We report the effect of lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) additive on the electrochemical performance of LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4@C, along with the fabrication of a full‐cell with Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode. Here, we used a scalable carbothermal reduction for the synthesis of LiCoPO4−LiFePO4 solid‐solution, LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4@C. The electrochemical activity of LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4@C cathode is studied by varying LiDFOB (up to 2 wt%) concentration and showed significant improvement compared to the normal electrolyte in half‐cell assembly. Among the various concentrations of LiDFOB, 1.5 and 2 wt% additions are optimized owing to the higher discharge capacity of 114 and 116 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention of 65 and 73 % after 60 cycles, respectively. The Li+ ion diffusion coefficients are calculated from both cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy analysis and show a decrease in the value as the concentration of LiDFOB is increased from 0.5 to 2 wt%, with an order of magnitude in the range of ∼10−14 cm2 s−1. The full‐cell, LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4@C/LTO is also fabricated and displayed a discharge capacity of 95 mAh g−1. The possibility of using such full‐cell assembly with various temperature conditions is studied from −10 to 25 °C.
Influence of Chloride and Nitrate Anions on Copper Electrodeposition onto Au(111) from Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Geng Tanja , Schick Benjamin W. , Uhl Matthias , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Kibler Ludwig A. , Ceblin Maximilian U. , Jacob Timo
Published: September 2022

Invited for this issue's Front Cover is the group of Prof. Timo Jacob in collaboration with Prof. Alexander Kuehne, both from Ulm University (Germany). The cover picture shows copper electrodeposition on a gold‐coated quartz crystal from copper(II) chloride in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (DES), as monitored by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/celc.202101263.
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus nivolumab as first‐line treatment for advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Xueyan , Li Huijuan , Chen Xiaoyu
Published: September 2022

Background

The cost effectiveness of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (atezo‐beva) versus nivolumab treatment for advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma is still uncertain. In this study, the cost effectiveness of these treatments was assessed in the United States.

Methods

A cost‐effectiveness analysis integrating a network meta‐analysis framework was performed using data from the IMbrave150 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03434379) and CheckMate 459 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02576509) trials. In total, 1244 patients were enrolled. A partitioned survival model was used to evaluate cost effectiveness. A deterministic one‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were further performed to evaluate model robustness. Subgroup analyses were also performed.

Results

Compared with the outcomes using nivolumab, the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival with atezo‐beva was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.48–0.98), and the HR for progression‐free survival was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.47–0.85). Atezo‐beva treatment was associated with an increase of 1.13 life‐years and an increase of 0.69 quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), as well as a $78,280 increase in cost per patient. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was $113,892 per QALY. The incremental net health benefit and the incremental net monetary benefit were 0.17 QALYs and $24,770, respectively, at a willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) threshold of $150,000 per QALY. The model was most sensitive to the HR for progression‐free survival. The probability of atezo‐beva being considered cost effective was 78%, and it was >50% in most of the subgroups at the WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY.

Conclusions

At a WTP threshold of $150,000 per QALY and under current drug pricing, atezo‐beva is likely considered cost‐effective as a first‐line treatment for advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma compared with nivolumab.
A high step‐up isolated DC–DC converter based on voltage multiplier cell
Authors: Andres Bernardo , Romitti Leonardo , Dupont Fabrício H. , Roggia Leandro , Schuch Luciano
Published: September 2022

Generating sources of renewable systems, like photovoltaic module or fuel cell, have a low‐output voltage that has to be boosted for most of applications, such as grid‐tie inverters. To accomplish this, an isolated DC–DC high step‐up single‐ended primary‐inductor converter (SEPIC) with a Greinacher voltage doubler cell is presented. It has the advantage of continuous input current, high efficiency, and high‐voltage gain and isolation and demands a single switch, being suitable for low‐power grid‐tie photovoltaic systems. The operating principles and steady‐state analysis are presented, including the detailed analysis of resonant stage, and the effects of transformer winding capacitances on converter operation are investigated. Moreover, the effects of resonance frequency variations on converter efficiency are experimentally investigated. Experimental results on a 50 kHz and 200 W prototype are presented to validate the proposed concept.
Advanced biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration
Authors: Daghrery Arwa , Bottino Marco C.
Published: September 2022

The periodontium is a suitable target for regenerative intervention, since it does not functionally restore itself after disease. Importantly, the limited regeneration capacity of the periodontium could be improved with the development of novel biomaterials and therapeutic strategies. Of note, the regenerative potential of the periodontium depends not only on its tissue‐specific architecture and function, but also on its ability to reconstruct distinct tissues and tissue interfaces, suggesting that the advancement of tissue engineering approaches can ultimately offer new perspectives to promote the organized reconstruction of soft and hard periodontal tissues. Here, we discuss material‐based, biologically active cues, and the application of innovative biofabrication technologies to regenerate the multiple tissues that comprise the periodontium.
Validity of Danish public criteria for providing flash glucose monitoring to participants with type 1 diabetes—An explorative cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Ida R. , Priergaard Mie K. , Kofoed‐Enevoldsen Allan
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Flash glucose monitor (FGM) use is increasing. A set of Danish criteria for regulating the use has been released. We assessed their validity.

Methods

Patients with type 1 diabetes attending our clinic were offered Freestyle Libre Sensor for 12 months and stratified into fulfilling the Danish regional criteria (RC+) or not (RC−). Primary endpoint was achieving individualized target HbA1c. Secondary endpoints were HbA1c reduction ≥5%, time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), daily scans, change in median HbA1c, and noted experiences.

Results

Two hundred seventy‐eight participants were included. Forty‐four participants met target HbA1c after 1 year. No difference between RC+ and RC− was observed (p = .136). Higher age was associated with probability to meet target HbA1c (RR = 3.15, [95% CI: 1.15, 8.62]) as was frequent scans (RR = 1.88, [95% CI: 0.99, 3.57]). One hundred twenty‐three participants met an HbA1c reduction ≥5%, the majority represented in RC+ (p = .023). Higher baseline HbA1c was associated with a reduction of HbA1c ≥5% after 1 year (RR = 1.97, [95% CI: 1.40, 2.78]). There was no difference between RC+ and RC− in TIR, TBR, and daily scans. Positive experiences dominated from both participants and healthcare professionals. More positive experiences were noted from healthcare professionals in RC− (p = .003) but no difference in reported experiences among participants in RC+ and RC− (p = .880).

Conclusion

The Danish Regional Criteria seems not a valid tool for regulation of FGM. Participants of older age and participants with more frequent daily scans might benefit more from FGM.
Polyethylene Glycol Dodecyl Ether as Interfacial Modifier for Improving Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Xia , Liu Juanmei , Wu Jihuai , Li Guodong , Chen Qi , Cai Fangfang , Zhu Sijia , Tian Jingxu , Sun Weihai , Lan Zhang
Published: September 2022

The rapid development of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) makes its best research efficiency comparable with that of silicon solar cells. However, the large‐scale application of PSCs still faces the dual challenges of improving efficiency and stability. Herein, an interfacial modifier of polyethylene glycol dodecyl ether (Brij) with ether group (C–O–C) and long alkyl chain is introduced into the interface of the perovskite layer and hole transport layer. It is demonstrated that the interaction of the ether group on Brij with uncoordinated lead ions on the perovskite passivates the point defects and reduces carrier recombination. The introduction of Brij tunes the energy gradient among electron transport layer/perovskite layer/hole transport layer and promotes the carrier extraction and transportation. The long alkyl chain of Brij covers the surface of perovskite and effectively improves the moisture resistance of perovskite films and the environmental stability of devices. Under an optimal Brij concentration, the modified perovskite solar cell achieves the best power conversion efficiency of 22.57%, along with improved environmental stability, while the pristine device obtains an efficiency of 20.66%.
Advances in Anode Materials for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Kong Shutian , Zhao Juntao , Li Feng , Chen Tao , Wang Zhiwen
Published: September 2022

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), unique biosystems that generate energy through exoelectrogens, have undergone significant development in the last decades. Although MFCs have great prospects in environmental protection and power generation, there are still problems of inefficiency and high cost, which are largely attributed to the low performance of anode materials used in MFCs because the anode plays a crucial role in MFCs as a carrier for microbial attachment. In the last few years, researchers have shown great interest in developing advanced anode materials to enhance the performance of MFCs. Herein, an overview of recent progress in the development of anode materials for MFCs is offered. In addition, novel anode modification strategies are summarized. Finally, challenges and development directions of next‐generation anode materials with the potential to finally enable the commercial application of MFCs are discussed.
Charging characterization of a high‐capacity lithium‐sulfur pouch cell for state estimation: An experimental approach
Authors: Shateri Neda , Auger Daniel J. , Fotouhi Abbas , Brighton James
Published: September 2022

LithiumSulfur (LiS) battery is a next‐generation technology, which is promising for applications that require higher energy density in comparison to the available lithium‐ion batteries. Along with the ongoing research on LiS cell material development and manufacturing to improve this technology, engineers are also working on LiS battery management systems (BMS). The existing BMS algorithms, which are developed for lithium‐ion batteries, are not useable for the LiS mainly due to its constant voltage plateau during the discharge phase. As a result, the LiS system has poor observability during discharge, which limits the BMS functionality that can be implemented from discharge information alone, and it is worth considering if information from charging is useful. In this study, the charging behavior of a high‐capacity pouch cell is investigated and characterized for the purpose of state estimation in a BMS. Several tests are conducted on prototype LiS cells at different temperatures and age levels. An online feature extraction method is then used in combination with a classification technique to estimate the cell's states during charging. The proposed charging estimators can provide accurate initialization for state estimation accuracy during discharge by providing good estimates of the post‐charging state of charge (ie, around 3%) and capacity after fading (ie, around 2%).
Dimorphic Mechanisms of Fragility in Diabetes Mellitus: the Role of Reduced Collagen Fibril Deformation
Authors: Wölfel Eva M. , Schmidt Felix N. , vom Scheidt Annika , Siebels Anna K. , Wulff Birgit , Mushumba Herbert , Ondruschka Benjamin , Püschel Klaus , Scheijen Jean , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Vettorazzi Eik , Jähn-Rickert Katharina , Gludovatz Bernd , Schaible Eric , Amling Michael , Rauner Martina , Hofbauer Lorenz C. , Zimmermann Elizabeth A. , Busse Björn
Published: September 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging metabolic disease, and the management of diabetic bone disease poses a serious challenge worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to high fracture risk in DM is hence of particular interest and urgently needed to allow for diagnosis and treatment optimization. In a case–control postmortem study, the whole 12th thoracic vertebra and cortical bone from the mid-diaphysis of the femur from male individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) (n = 6; 61.3 ± 14.6 years), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 11; 74.3 ± 7.9 years), and nondiabetic controls (n = 18; 69.3 ± 11.5) were analyzed with clinical and ex situ imaging techniques to explore various bone quality indices. Cortical collagen fibril deformation was measured in a synchrotron setup to assess changes at the nanoscale during tensile testing until failure. In addition, matrix composition was analyzed including determination of cross-linking and non-crosslinking advanced glycation end-products like pentosidine and carboxymethyl-lysine. In T1DM, lower fibril deformation was accompanied by lower mineralization and more mature crystalline apatite. In T2DM, lower fibril deformation concurred with a lower elastic modulus and tendency to higher accumulation of non-crosslinking advanced glycation end-products. The observed lower collagen fibril deformation in diabetic bone may be linked to altered patterns mineral characteristics in T1DM and higher advanced glycation end-product accumulation in T2DM. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Atomic force microscopy measurements and model of DNA bending caused by binding of AraC protein
Authors: Lowe Mary , Glezer Benjamin , Toulan Brendan , Hess Brian
Published: September 2022

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to conduct single‐molecule imaging of protein/DNA complexes involved in the regulation of the arabinose operon of Escherichia coli. In the presence of arabinose, the transcription regulatory protein AraC binds to a 38 bp region consisting of the araI1 and araI2 half‐sites. The domain positioning of full‐length AraC, when bound to DNA, was not previously known. In this study, AraC was combined with 302 and 560 bp DNA and arabinose, deposited on a mica substrate, and imaged with AFM in air. High resolution images of 560 bp DNA, where bound protein was visible, showed that AraC induces a bend in the DNA with an angle 60° ± 12° with a median of 55°. These results are consistent with earlier gel electrophoresis measurements that measured the DNA bend angle based on migration rates. By using known domain structures of AraC, geometric constraints, and contacts determined from biochemical experiments, we developed a model of the tertiary and quaternary structure of DNA‐bound AraC in the presence of arabinose. The DNA bend angle predicted by the model is in agreement with the measurement values. We discuss the results in view of other regulatory proteins that cause DNA bending and formation of the open complex to initiate transcription.
Decadal variability in the austral summer precipitation over the Central Andes: Observations and the empirical‐statistical downscaling model
Authors: Sulca Juan , Takahashi Ken , Tacza José , Espinoza Jhan‐Carlo , Dong Bo
Published: September 2022

The decadal variability in summer precipitation over the Central Andes (10°–30°S) is investigated from 1921 to 2010 using low‐pass filtered time series of the central and eastern El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Pacific (C and E) indices, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) index, the Atlantic SST indices, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and ERA‐20C reanalysis. Additionally, an empirical‐statistical downscaling (ESD) model was built. A rotated empirical orthogonal function (REOF) analysis shows that the first leading mode of precipitation (RPC1) represents 38.2% of the total decadal variance. RPC2, RCP3, and RPC4 represent 18.8, 12.8, and 9.7% of the total decadal variance, respectively. Furthermore, RPC1 features highest loadings over most of the region. RPC2 features a dipole of highest loadings over the southernmost Bolivian Altiplano and lowest loadings over the northwestern Argentinian Andes. Conversely, RPC3 presents highest loadings over the eastern‐central Bolivian Altiplano and northwestern Argentinian Andes. RPC4 features highest loadings over the southern Bolivian Andes. RPC1 and RPC3 wet summers are associated with moisture transport from the Amazon basin, but RPC1 features the strengthening upper‐level Bolivian high‐Nordeste low system over South America. Conversely, RPC2 and RPC4 wet summers are associated with local processes induced by southward displacement of the South Atlantic Convergence Zone and warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the Indian Ocean, respectively. According to the ESD model, the decadal variability in the central and eastern Pacific (CP and EP) and Atlantic Ocean reproduces the decadal component of the DJF precipitation over most of the Central Andes.
Functional Outcomes of Swallowing Following Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rasool Alysha , Randall Derrick R. , Chau Jason K. M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

Identification and evaluation of swallowing dysfunction in patients undergoing upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is limited. This study evaluated subjective swallowing function pre and postoperatively in patients undergoing multi‐level reconstructive pharyngeal sleep surgery.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively‐administered Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) scores was conducted among adult patients undergoing surgery for OSA at a tertiary sleep surgery center. Preoperative and 1, 3, and 6‐month postoperative time points were assessed. Patients were subdivided into two groups based on the degree of upper airway reconstruction performed. All patients underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty +/−tonsillectomy and tongue‐base reduction. Patients undergoing Phase 1 reconstructive surgery additionally underwent tongue‐base advancement procedures.

Results

A total 100 patients underwent airway reconstructive surgery. Forty‐one patients underwent Phase 1 surgery; 59 patients underwent Mini‐Phase 1 surgery. Neither group demonstrated preoperative dysphagia. Both groups experienced significant subjective dysphagia at 1‐month postoperatively, which was greater among Phase 1 patients (mean EAT‐10 14.8; SD 10.4) versus Mini‐Phase 1 patients (mean EAT‐10 6.7; SD 7.5) (p < 0.001). Swallowing function among both groups normalized by 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Phase 1 patients with pre‐operative dysphagia (mean EAT‐10 9.6; SD 5) demonstrated initial worsening of their swallowing postoperatively; however, reported improved swallowing versus pre‐operative levels by 6 months postoperatively (mean EAT‐10 3.6; SD 4.3) (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Pharyngeal surgery resulted in no significant, persistent adverse change in swallowing function. Among both groups, significant subjective dysphagia was reported at 1 month postoperatively, yet returned to preoperative levels by 6 months postoperatively. OSA patients with pre‐existing dysphagia undergoing Phase 1 surgery trended towards improved swallowing function postoperatively.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 133:199–204, 2023
Divergence of mutational signatures in association with breast cancer subtype
Authors: Perry Gili , Dadiani Maya , Kahana‐Edwin Smadar , Pavlovski Anya , Markus Barak , Hornung Gil , Balint‐Lahat Nora , Yosepovich Ady , Hout‐Siloni Goni , Jacob‐Hirsch Jasmine , Sklair‐Levy Miri , Friedman Eitan , Barshack Iris , Kaufman Bella , Gal‐Yam Einav Nili , Paluch‐Shimon Shani
Published: September 2022

Abnormal molecular processes occurring throughout the genome leave distinct somatic mutational patterns termed mutational signatures. Exploring the associations between mutational signatures and clinicopathological features can unravel potential mechanisms driving tumorigenic processes.

We analyzed whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of tumor and peripheral blood samples from 37 primary breast cancer (BC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Comprehensive clinico‐pathologic features were correlated with genomic profiles and mutational signatures.

Somatic mutational landscapes were highly concordant with known BC data sets. Remarkably, we observed a divergence of dominant mutational signatures in association with BC subtype. Signature 5 was overrepresented in hormone receptor positive (HR+) patients, whereas triple‐negative tumors mostly lacked Signature 5, but expectedly overrepresented Signature 3. We validated these findings in a large WGS data set of BC, demonstrating dominance of Signature 5 in HR+ patients, mostly in luminal A subtype. We further investigated the association between Signature 5 and gene expression signatures, and identified potential networks, likely related to estrogen regulation.

Our results suggest that the yet elusive Signature 5 represents an alternative mechanism for mutation accumulation in HR+ BC, independent of the homologous recombination repair machinery related to Signature 3. This study provides theoretical basis for further elucidating the processes promoting hormonal breast carcinogenesis.
Targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammation: Mechanisms and intervention therapy
Authors: Zhang Su , Meng Yang , Zhou Lian , Qiu Lei , Wang Heping , Su Dan , Zhang Bo , Chan Kui‐Ming , Han Junhong
Published: September 2022

Emerging evidence indicates that resolution of inflammation is a critical and dynamic endogenous process for host tissues defending against external invasive pathogens or internal tissue injury. It has long been known that autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders are characterized by dysregulated immune responses, leading to excessive and uncontrol tissue inflammation. The dysregulation of epigenetic alterations including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications to histone proteins, and noncoding RNA expression has been implicated in a host of inflammatory disorders and the immune system. The inflammatory response is considered as a critical trigger of epigenetic alterations that in turn intercede inflammatory actions. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism that dictates the outcome of targeting epigenetic regulators for inflammatory disease is required for inflammation resolution. In this article, we elucidate the critical role of the nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway, JAK/STAT signaling pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic inflammatory diseases. And we formulate the relationship between inflammation, coronavirus disease 2019, and human cancers. Additionally, we review the mechanism of epigenetic modifications involved in inflammation and innate immune cells. All that matters is that we propose and discuss the rejuvenation potential of interventions that target epigenetic regulators and regulatory mechanisms for chronic inflammation‐associated diseases to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Study examines MH trends, employment‐based health coverage
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: September 2022

The percentage of the U.S. population under age 65 with employment‐based health coverage and diagnosed with a mental health disorder increased from 14.2% in 2013 to 18.5% in 2020, according to a new study that examines how diagnoses are changing and related changes in the use of health care services and spending.
A mass supercritical and critical Sobolev fractional Schrödinger system
Authors: Liu Mei‐Qi , Li Quanqing
Published: September 2022

We study the following coupled fractional Schrödinger system:

with prescribed masses

Here
are prescribed,
, and
are all positive constants. In this system,
are unknown and appear as Lagrange multipliers. Any
solving such system (for some
) is called the normalized solution in the literature, where the normalization is settled in
. For this model case of
and
with dimension
, for sufficiently large
, we show that there exists a positive normalized solution. We also show that, in the case of
and
, the nonexistence of positive normalized solution.
A 5‐channel local B0 shimming coil combined with a 3‐channel RF receiver coil for rat brain imaging at 3 T
Authors: Chen Qiaoyan , Luo Chao , Tie Changjun , Cheng Chuanli , Zou Chao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong , Li Ye
Published: September 2022

Purpose

We aimed to improve B0 magnetic field homogeneity and minimize the interference between RF coils and local B0 shimming coils with few channel numbers.

Methods

To design and construct the prototype for B0 shimming of the rat brain, we first evaluated the interferences of single shimming loops on RF receiver loops. Then, B0 shimming of the whole rat brain was implemented using an optimization procedure. The positions and currents of the local shimming coils with channel numbers from 3 to 6 were optimized to improve shimming performance. Based on the simulation results, a 5‐channel local shimming coil, combined with a 3‐channel RF receiver coil, was constructed and evaluated by animal experiments.

Results

There was marginal SNR loss within 5% after integrating the local shimming coil into the RF receiver coil. With respect to the Siemens standard shims up to second order, the B0 inhomogeneity in one whole rat brain was reduced from 39.6 Hz to 24.7 Hz by using the local shimming coil. A large portion of the EPI distortions was recovered after using the 5‐channel local shimming coil. The temporal SNR using the local shimming coil was higher than that using the Siemens standard shims up to second order, with an improvement of more than 24%.

Conclusions

The local shimming coil can improve B0 magnetic field homogeneity despite minor effects on the RF coil and can benefit a variety of applications that are sensitive to B0 inhomogeneity. Nevertheless, EPI for rat brain is still very challenging.
Reducing Congestion and Improving Railway Usage Through Signage
Authors: Sugama Yasushi , Ito Daishin , Kodaira Takayuki , Hattori Ryoji
Published: September 2022

Coupons promoted through station signage and a smartphone app assist in alleviating crowded travel times and promoting safer railway system use.
Enhancing Brightness in Edge‐Lit Backlight Units
Authors: Shen Bing
Published: September 2022

MLA‐based GEFs serve as a valuable alternative for optical designers and engineers aiming to optimize performance with brighter, more efficient backlight.
Automotive Displays—The Bigger the Better!
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: September 2022

In the world of dashboards, trends continue toward larger and more displays
Turnover‐attachment motive of Saudi Arabia nursing workforce: A Cross‐Sectional study
Authors: Mariano Maria E. M. , Woodman Alexander , Al Zahrani Eidan M. , Al Naam Yaser A. , Farrelly Rory R. , Al‐Jamea Lamiaa H. , Al Mutair Abbas , Al‐Ansari Rehab Y. , Quiambao Jenifer V. , Balilla Jeffhraim
Published: September 2022

Aim

This study aimed to explore the association of turnover‐attachment motive with socio‐demographic data among Saudi and foreign nurses in a hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A cross‐sectional correlation study was conducted among n = 180 registered Saudi and foreign nurses working at a private tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The turnover‐attachment motive survey was used to evaluate the eight motivational forces. Data were analysed using JASP version 16 statistical software and Orange 3 version 3.26.0. The data were subjected to correlation analysis and multiple linear regression.

Results

Only 8% of participants were identified with a high intention to leave driven by alternative, behavioural, normative and constitutive forces. Younger healthcare workers tend to have higher intentions to quit the job; the 29–33 age group has a statistically significant negative effect, increasing intention to leave. It was found that those with 5–6 years of clinical experience at Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Hospital, Al Khobar and no experience abroad had statistically significantly lower intention to leave.

Conclusion

This study presented the factors influencing nursing staff to stay or leave work in a hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia that can be a basis for reviewing existing policies and procedures to improve nurses' working conditions.
Effectiveness of anger‐focused emotional management training in reducing aggression among nurses
Authors: Tanabe Yuriko , Asami Takeshi , Yoshimi Asuka , Abe Kie , Saigusa Yusuke , Hayakawa Maya , Fujita Junichi , Ide Keiko , Suda Akira , Hishimoto Akitoyo
Published: September 2022

Aim

The aim of this study was to conduct a 5‐h training programme on anger‐focused emotional management for nurses and verify its effectiveness.

Design

The study used a one‐group pretest–posttest design.

Methods

Participants (N = 283) attended a programme comprising lectures and exercises. The Japanese version of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was administered pre‐, post‐ and 3‐month posttraining. Regression analyses were used to assess the effects of the programme by gender.

Results

For the total aggression score, the difference between the pre‐ and posttraining scores was −2.827 points and remained at −1.602 points 3‐month posttraining. Physical aggression scores decreased posttraining, but the scores increased after 3 months. There were statistically significant gender differences in hostility scores; pre‐training scores were slightly higher for men than for women and lower for men after 3 months. Total and physical aggression scores were higher for men than for women. The training programme decreased aggression, and the effect persisted after 3 months.
Improvement of aerospace thermoplastic composite adhesion to coating with dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment
Authors: Lapena Mauro H. , Lopes Cristina Moniz Araujo
Published: September 2022

Atmospheric pressure plasma with dielectric barrier discharge is used to improve the adhesion of novel composite carbon fiber reinforced low melting poly (aryl ether ketone) (CF/LMPAEK) to aerospace coatings under ambient and gas flow (Ar‐O2). The surface activation is evaluated by contact angle measurement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Different atmospheres are used to prevent aging of the treated surface. The water contact angle is considerably reduced after plasma treatment, and the formation of oxygen and nitrogen polar groups is confirmed by XPS analysis. Plasma treatment improves the adhesion of CF/LMPAEK to the topcoat on the primer coating system to the traditional abrasion treatment level. This effect even is intensified with Ar‐O2 plasma. The topcoat alone presents a higher adherence, which provides a reduced coating usage option.
De novo design and Rosetta‐based assessment of high‐affinity antibody variable regions (Fv) against the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD)
Authors: Boorla Veda Sheersh , Chowdhury Ratul , Ramasubramanian Ranjani , Ameglio Brandon , Frick Rahel , Gray Jeffrey J. , Maranas Costas D.
Published: September 2022

The continued emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants has accentuated the growing need for fast and reliable methods for the design of potentially neutralizing antibodies (Abs) to counter immune evasion by the virus. Here, we report on the de novo computational design of high‐affinity Ab variable regions (Fv) through the recombination of VDJ genes targeting the most solvent‐exposed hACE2‐binding residues of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) protein using the software tool OptMAVEn‐2.0. Subsequently, we carried out computational affinity maturation of the designed variable regions through amino acid substitutions for improved binding with the target epitope. Immunogenicity of designs was restricted by preferring designs that match sequences from a 9‐mer library of “human Abs” based on a human string content score. We generated 106 different antibody designs and reported in detail on the top five that trade‐off the greatest computational binding affinity for the RBD with human string content scores. We further describe computational evaluation of the top five designs produced by OptMAVEn‐2.0 using a Rosetta‐based approach. We used Rosetta SnugDock for local docking of the designs to evaluate their potential to bind the spike RBD and performed “forward folding” with DeepAb to assess their potential to fold into the designed structures. Ultimately, our results identified one designed Ab variable region, P1.D1, as a particularly promising candidate for experimental testing. This effort puts forth a computational workflow for the de novo design and evaluation of Abs that can quickly be adapted to target spike epitopes of emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants or other antigenic targets.
High aquaporin expression correlates with increased translocation of quinclorac from shoots to roots in resistant Echinochloa crus‐galli var. zelayensis
Authors: Tong Yao , Li Yong‐Feng , Yi Shan‐Chi , Fan Dan‐Li , Qiu Zhuo‐Xun , Wei Chen‐Yang , Huang Meng‐Ge , Zeng Dong‐Qiang , Tang Wen‐Wei
Published: September 2022

Background

Echinochloa crus‐galli var. zelayensis is a troublesome weed in rice fields and can be controlled by using quinclorac. However, over‐reliance on quinclorac has resulted in resistant (R) barnyardgrass, which differs significantly in its ability to transport quinclorac compared to susceptible (S) barnyardgrass. This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms for this different translocation between R and S barnyardgrass.

Results

Larger amount of quinclorac was transferred from shoots to roots in R compared to S barnyardgrass. After 1 day of quinclorac [300 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1] foliar treatment, its content in shoots of R was 81.92% of that in S barnyardgrass; correspondingly, in roots of R was 1.17 fold of that in S barnyardgrass. RNA‐sequencing and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) confirmed the expression levels of PIPs belonging to aquaporins (AQPs) in R were higher than in S barnyardgrass, with or without quinclorac treatment. With co‐application of quinclorac and AQPs inhibitors [mercury(II) chloride (HgCl2)] treatment, even though the expression levels of PIPs and the transport rates of quinclorac were both suppressed in R and S barnyardgrass, this process was less pronounced in R than in S barnyardgrass.

Conclusion

This report provides clear evidence that higher PIPs expression results in rapid quinclorac translocation from shoots to roots and reduces the quinclorac accumulation in the shoot meristems in R barnyardgrass, thus reducing the control efficacy of quinclorac. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Validation of a novel path planner for stereotactic neurosurgical interventions—A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Wankhede Ajeet , Madiraju Likhita , Siampli Eleni , Fischer Elizabeth , Cleary Kevin , Oluigbo Chima , Monfaredi Reza
Published: September 2022

Background

The gold standard workflow for targeting structures in the brain involves manual path planning. This preoperative manual path planning is very time‐intensive and laborious, especially when some outcome measures such as maximum ablation and penetration depth has to be optimised.

Methods

Our novel path planner generates an optimal path which maximises the hippocampus penetration and distance from critical structures using a precomputed cost map and a reward map.

Results

The average penetration ratio for 12 cases is 88.13 ± 23.23% for a resolution of 1° and a safety margin of 1 mm. Average run time for the path planner based on 1° resolution was 1.99 ± 0.68 min.

Conclusions

Results show that the algorithm can generate safe and clinically relevant paths with a quantitative representation of the penetration depth and is faster than the average reported time for manual path planning.
Benzothiazole Derivatives Targeting G‐Quadruplex DNA: Synthesis, DNA Interaction and Living Cell Imaging
Authors: Wei Chunying , Li Haiying
Published: September 2022

The small molecule fluorescence probes for G‐quadruplexes (G4) play a vital role in the detection of G4. In this work, two novel D−π−A benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized, and their interactions with different secondary structure DNA, cytotoxicity, and intracellular distribution were investigated in detail. Both compounds have a high affinity and about 100‐fold turn‐on fluorescence response to the promoter G4 in buffer solution, moreover, the compound also stabilizes effectively the promoter G4 structure. Besides, both compounds have no influence on the conformation of the promoter G4, but they induce the folding of bcl‐2 from the coiled chain into the mixed‐type G4 in salt‐free buffer solution. The binding stoichiometries of the compound to bcl‐2, c‐kit2, and c‐myc G4 are near 2 : 1, 1 : 1, and 3 : 1, respectively, and the interactions are an enthalpy‐driven process. Furthermore, both compounds inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells, with IC50 values of 3.23 and 38.9 μM. The compound mainly distributes in the cytoplasm of living cells and might interact with DNA. The current results provide the valuable information for design of fluorescence probes targeting G4 in the living cell.
Energy justice in renewable energy projects: How learning about indigenous knowledge systems could inform systemic practice
Authors: Sankaran Shankar , McIntyre‐Mills Janet
Published: September 2022

This article is aimed at organisations and researchers to urge them to adopt more systemic ways to deal with energy justice issues in renewable energy projects being built around the world to help meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 7. It will focus on solar and wind farms. While these projects positively contribute towards achieving UNSDG 7 (viz., affordable clean energy), they have also created a variety of justice issues, which need to be addressed. While measures have been taken more recently to redress these issues, we make the case that the application of systemic thinking and practice could maximise the positives and minimise negative impacts of creating short‐term fixes without addressing the underlying root causes of the issues. Using two case studies, we will show how working systemically with indigenous populations and considering indigenous knowledge systems could help in dealing with justice issues.
AKG induces cell apoptosis by inducing reactive oxygen species‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and by suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR‐mediated autophagy in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fan , Xie Xuexia , Li Guoliang , Bao Dongping , Li Haomin , Wu Guohao , Lai Yiqi , Xing Yaping , Ouyang Peng , Chen Guo , Wang Zhifeng , Lai Caiyong
Published: September 2022

Background: Alpha‐ketoglutarate (AKG) or 2‐oxoglutarate is a key substance in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and has been known to play an important role in cancerogenesis and tumor progression. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, and it has a high mortality rate. Autophagy is a phenomenon of self‐digestion, and its significance in tumor genesis and progression remains debatable. However, the mechanisms underlying how AKG regulates autophagy in RCC remain unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of AKG and its molecular mechanisms.

Methods: RCC cell lines 786O and ACHN were treated with varying doses of AKG for 24 h. CCK‐8, Transwell, and scratch wound healing assays were utilized to evaluate the role of AKG in RCC cells. Autophagy protein and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway protein levels were analyzed by Western blot.

Results: AKG inhibited the proliferation of RCC cells 786O and ACHN in a dose‐dependent manner according to the CCK‐8 assay. In addition, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis revealed that AKG dose‐dependently triggered apoptosis and autophagy in RCC cells. By promoting cell apoptosis and autophagy, AKG dramatically suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, AKG induces autophagy by promoting ROS generation and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Conclusions: The anti‐tumor effect of AKG promotes autophagy in renal cancer cells via mediating ROS‐PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and may be used as a potential anticancer drug for kidney cancer.
Effect of Qing Chang oral liquid on the treatment of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and the cellular immunity
Authors: Zhi‐qiang Yan , Qian‐lin Chen , Li‐zhi Fu , Wen‐gui Fu , Hua Zheng , Hong‐mei Tang , Shao‐qin Zhai , Chun‐lin Chen
Published: September 2022

Background

Qing Chang oral liquid (QOL) is a veterinary drug, which mainly composed of Artemisiae annuae herba, Dichroae radix, Agrimonia pilosa and Sanguisorbae radix.

Objectives

This study aims to explore the effect of Qing Chang Oral Liquid (QOL) on the treatment effect of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and to the cellular immunity.

Methods

Healthy Roman chickens were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, model group, QOL high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups. All the groups were orally administered with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts (except the blank group). After 5 days of oral administration, the high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups of QOL were added to the drinking water at 2.4, 1.8 and 1.2 ml/kg, respectively. The blank and model groups were fed normally, and this experiment lasted for 7 days. The clinical signs were observed, and the relative weight gain, survival rate, cecum lesion score and oocyst value were measured to evaluate the effect of QOL. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood T‐lymphocyte subsets and cecal IL‐2, IL‐17, IFN‐γ mRNA expression were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Results

The chickens in the model group were in poor mental state, gathered together, had loose stools or bloody stools and had less food intake and less exercise. The chicken mental state improved, the food intake and drinking water increased, and the faeces are normal in the high‐, medium‐ and low‐dose groups, especially in the high‐dose group, the anti‐coccidial indexes were up to 173.08. No significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) in the peripheral blood CD3+, CD3+CD4+ between the experimental groups. Compared with the blank group, there were different degrees of increase in each dose drug group of the cecal IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐17 mRNA expression, but the high‐dose group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study suggests that QOL has positive anti‐coccidial effect but has no obvious effect on the cellular immunity.
Left Ventricle Contouring of Apical Three-Chamber Views on 2D Echocardiography
Authors: Gomez Alberto , Porumb Mihaela , Mumith Angela , Judge Thierry , Gao Shan , Kim Woo-Jin Cho , Oliveira Jorge , Chartsias Agis
Published: September 2022

We propose a new method to automatically contour the left ventricle on 2D echocardiographic images. Unlike most existing segmentation methods, which are based on predicting segmentation masks, we focus at predicting the endocardial contour and the key landmark points within this contour (basal points and apex). This provides a representation that is closer to how experts perform manual annotations and hence produce results that are physiologically more plausible. Our proposed method uses a two-headed network based on the U-Net architecture. One head predicts the 7 contour points, and the other head predicts a distance map to the contour. This approach was compared to the U-Net and to a point based approach, achieving performance gains of up to 22% in terms of landmark localisation ($${<}4.5$$

<
4.5

 mm) and distance to the ground truth contour ($${<}3.0$$

<
3.0

 mm).