bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of tax reforms on the local government revenues in Central and Eastern European countries in the context of their effect on socioeconomic development in the region
Authors: Felis Paweł , Bernardelli Michał , Jamroży Marcin , Malinowska-Misiąg Elżbieta , Sarnowski Jan , Otczyk Grzegorz
Published: November 2024

The study presents a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of local government tax revenues in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the years 2015–2022. It examines their structure, amounts and nature of trends observed in the indicated period, with particular emphasis on regional similarities and differences between selected countries. The analysis results in the formulation of recommendations on the principles of shaping the catalogue of sources of own revenues of local government units (LGUs) in the context of ensuring the stability of revenues and their appropriate level, allowing the administrators to support the socioeconomic development of regions and local communities. The analyses were expanded in relation to Poland and Estonia with individual data on a micro scale, which allowed to extend the study to the issue of the degree of differentiation between municipalities, accounting for their geographical location or type. The study describes the results of statistical analyses conducted at the level of both countries and individual local government units. The proposed measures managed to capture similarities in the tax policy and financial situation of local government units as well as the dynamics of changes in recent years In conclusion, recommendations were formulated with regard to zoning in real estate tax, its unification (regardless of the type of real estate), implementation of the concept of the municipal PIT, a wider use of lump-sum taxes, change in the rules of calculation of the share of local government units in state taxes and increase in the competences of local government units in the area of local government taxes.
Green’s Tensor of BIOT’s Equations by Stationary Oscillations
Authors:   Institute of Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, Almaty, Kazakhstan, L. A Alexeyeva , E. B Kurmanov ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: November 2024

Various mathematical models of deformable solids mechanics are used in the study of seismic processes in the earth's crust. The processes of waves propagation are most studied in elastic media. But these models do not take into account many real properties of the ambient array. These are, for example, the presence of groundwater, which complicates the construction and operation of surface and underground structures, affect the magnitude and distribution of stresses. Models, which take into account the water saturation form the earth's crust structures, the presence of gas bubbles, etc., are multi-component medium. A variety of multicomponent media, the complexity of the processes associated with their deformation, lead to a large difference in the methods of analysis and modelling used in the solution of wave problems. In this paper the processes of wave propagation in a two-component Biot medium under the action of periodic forces of various forms are considered. Using the Fourier transform of generalized functions, fundamental solutions are constructed - the Green's tensor of the Biot equations and its properties are studied. This tensor describes the process of propagation of harmonic waves of a fixed frequency in spaces of dimension N = 1,2,3 under the action of power sources concentrated at the origin of coordinates, described by a singular delta function. On its basis, generalized solutions of these equations are constructed under the action of various sources of periodic disturbances, which are described by both regular and singular generalized functions. For regularly acting forces, integral representations of solutions are given, which can be used to calculate the stress-strain state of a porous water-saturated medium
Why Scotland Should be Independent: Historical Context, European Identity, Future Prosperity and Unique Citizenship Challenges
Authors:   University of Aveiro, Portugal, Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: November 2024

This article explores the multifaceted argument for Scottish independence, emphasizing Scotlandʹs historical context, cultural identity, and the potential benefits of rejoining the European Union (EU). It begins with a historical overview, tracing Scotlandʹs deep roots in independence and its eventual union with England in 1707, which, despite economic benefits, subordinated Scottish interests to those of England. The article argues that Scotlandʹs distinct identity and ongoing desire for autonomy justify a renewed push for independence. Reuniting with Europe is presented as a key advantage, offering Scotland access to the EUʹs single market, financial support, and a platform for political influence. Additionally, independence would empower Scotland to harness its renewable energy resources, develop tailored economic policies, and uphold its tradition of social justice. However, the article also acknowledges the unique challenges Scotland faces, particularly in formulating citizenship policies amidst the legacy of English imperialism. Ultimately, the article posits that despite these challenges, independence offers Scotland a path to realizing its full potential as a sovereign nation committed to democracy, equality, and cooperation.
Breaking Barriers: Addressing STI Healthcare Access Challenges among Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh
Authors: Mou Musammad Marium Sultana , Khan Md Adnan , Jahan Nusrat , Bulbul Afroza , Rahman Habibur , Ferdaus Farhana , Sarkar Md Mahfuzul Haque , Akter Reshma
Published: November 2024

Background: The Rohingya refugee crisis, stemming from Myanmar's Rakhine State, has led to a significant displacement of nearly a million Rohingya seeking refuge in Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar district. Among the myriad health challenges faced by this population, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) present a pressing concern. The study aimed to explore the burden of STIs among Rohingya refugees in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, by examining the prevalence of STIs, associated risk factors and access to healthcare services.
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2023, involving 150 Rohingya refugees residing in refugee camps in Cox's Bazar. Data collection included demographic characteristics, STI symptoms, healthcare-seeking behavior, perceived barriers to healthcare access and access to transportation.
Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlation analysis and logistic regression were employed for data analysis.
Results: Preliminary findings revealed a high prevalence of STI symptoms among Rohingya refugees, with 20.0% experiencing genital ulcers, 33.3% reporting vaginal discharge and 26.7% suffering from painful urination. However, only 46.7% sought treatment from healthcare providers, with perceived barriers such as financial constraints (40.0%) and lack of awareness (26.7%) hindering access to healthcare.
Conclusion: By shedding light on the complex interplay of demographic, socioeconomic and healthcare-related factors, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the health challenges faced by displaced populations and underscores the importance of tailored healthcare strategies in humanitarian settings.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 32-34
Outcomes of Conservative Treatments Evaluations for Lumbar Radiculopathy
Authors: Ilias Mohammad , Hossain Md Shawkat , Hoque Md Ahsanul
Published: November 2024

Background: Lumbar Radiculopathy (LR) is a condition characterized by motor, reflex and sensory changes, often causing significant pain and disability. Conservative treatments are commonly recommended as initial management options. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of various conservative treatments for LR.
Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study involved 100 patients diagnosed with LR who underwent conservative treatments between January 2023 and December 2023 at our Physical Medicine Department, Institute of Applied Health Sciences (IAHS). Treatments included physical therapy, NSAIDs, epidural steroid injections and activity modification. Baseline data, including demographic information, pain intensity (VAS) functional status (ODI) and quality of life (SF-36), were collected. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Primary outcomes were changes in VAS, ODI and SF-36 scores. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and the need for additional interventions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests and ANOVA.
Results: The mean age of participants was 45.3 years, with a slight male predominance (56%). At baseline, mean VAS was 7.8, ODI was 45.6 and SF-36 was 62.5. Significant reductions in VAS (2.6), ODI (18.7), and improvements in SF-36 physical (80.3) and mental (81.7) scores were observed at 6 months (p<0.05). Patient satisfaction at 6 months was highest for epidural injections (90%), followed by NSAIDs (85%), physical therapy (80%) and activity modification (70%). The need for additional interventions decreased to 8%. The incidence of adverse events was low, with physical therapy showing the lowest rates. Initial ODI score was a significant predictor of positive outcomes (p=0.03).
Conclusion: Conservative treatments for LR are effective in reducing pain and disability and improving quality of life. All treatment modalities showed comparable efficacy, with low adverse event rates, supporting their use as first-line treatments. Initial disability levels should be considered in treatment planning to optimize outcomes. Further research is needed to refine predictive models and enhance individualized treatment strategies.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 80-85
Anesthesia in Obese Patients and Complications
Authors: Hassan Md Kamrul
Published: November 2024

Background: Almost all ages and socioeconomic categories are affected by the complex illness known as obesity, which has major social and psychological ramifications. Global obesity rates have reached epidemic proportions and obesity plays a significant role in the burden of chronic illnesses and disabilities worldwide. The aim of the study was to assess the Anesthesia in obese patient and its Complications in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and mathods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesiology, Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital (BBMH) from July 2020 to June 2022.Total sample size was 200. Adult in-patients who had undergone non-cardiac surgery and were older than 18 with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 met the inclusion criteria. Pregnancy, ambulatory surgery and missing or insufficient data on the desired outcomes were the exclusion criteria.
Results: Mean age ±SD was 32 ± 0.9 years. About 55% of the patients were female and 45% were male. Regarding ASA classification 53.5% had 2, 45.5% had 3 and 1.0% had 4 score. Regarding coexisting disease 42.5% had hypertension, 14% had dyslipidemia, 18% had DM type-2 and 7.5% had obstructive sleep apnea. Here, type of anesthesia was 55% general anesthesia, 6% normal mask ventilation, 25% regional anesthesia, 4% total intravenous anesthesia and 10% LMA (Laryngeal Mask Airway). Regarding complication 4.5% was Reintubation, 5.5 %Pneumonia, 7.5% Upper airway obstruction, 0.5% Delay emergence respectively. 2.5% Urinary retention, 5% Oliguria, 2% Wound infection. 0.5% myocardial infarction and 0.5% Cardiac arrest occurred and no death occur inpatient respectively.
Conclusion: Obesity has long been seen from a surgical standpoint as a risk factor for unfavorable post-surgical outcomes. Patients who are morbidly obese may experience respiratory adverse effects following surgery as a result of physiological disruption. The undesirable effects range depending on the surgical population.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 97-101
An 18-Month Case of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis : Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Outcome
Authors: Meem Jannatul Ferdaous , Chowdhury Bidhan Roy , Momtaz Syeda Shahnoor Hasina
Published: November 2024

Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the abnormal proliferation of Langerhans cells, which can affect various tissues and organs, often mimicking malignancies. It primarily affects children and can present with a wide range of symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. The etiology of LCH remains uncertain, though recent studies suggest it involves the aberrant growth of Langerhans cells triggering an immune response.
Case Presentation: This was a case of an 18-month-old boy who came with fever of unknown origin in the Department of Paediatrics at BBMH who later on diagnosed as Histiocytosis.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering LCH in the differential diagnosis of paediatric patients presenting with systemic symptoms such as fever, organomegaly and anaemia. Early recognition and appropriate treatment, including chemotherapy and corticosteroids are crucial for favourable outcomes. Continuous follow-up is necessary to monitor therapeutic response and manage potential complications. This report contributes to the understanding of LCH and underscores the need for further research into its etiology and treatment protocols.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 102-104
Political Ecology, Stress Analysis and Capital Investment in Water Sector: A Study of Khulna City
Authors: Salauddin Md
Published: November 2024

This study tried to find out the loopholes in water supply systems in Khulna city and carefully examined the proposed water supply projects taken by KWASA. It was found that the projects were associated with huge capital investments from government and international organizations. Projects taken were mostly technical in nature and exclude any kind of participations. Previous experiences suggest that this kind of projects are difficult to implement and faces mass resistance and judiciary complications. However, for the current projects, vulnerabilities of water sources on which these projects are taken, were overlooked or simply do not have any mechanism to protect those sources. Mayur river and 22 canals were grabbed, polluted and ignored. Ground water in Khulna city is also at risk due to increasing salinity, arsenic and presence of harmful substances. A political ecology analysis also depicts a poor coordination between concerned authorities. Amalgamation of these factors can lessen the effectiveness of the projects taken by KWASA. A more inclusive, small scale initiative is important to get benefits from these large scale projects. Demand management while increasing coverage of water supply is also crucial for a comprehensive water supply system.
Vol. 6, December 2013, pp. 1-12
A Proposed Framework for Regenerating Urban Green in Dhaka City
Authors: Faysal Kabir Shuvo  , Sheikh Serajul Hakim
Published: November 2024

Dhaka has continued to lose its share of ‘green’ to quite shocking proportions throughout the course of its ‘becoming’ a megacity. Although growth management tools like floor area ratio (FAR) is proposed to control building density in and around Dhaka city, how extent these tools are likely to effectively compensate the lost parts of green still sceptical. Having identified a significant lack of direction as well as regular follow-up on ‘greening’ in both national urban policies and existing building construction guidelines maintained by RAJUK, our paper aims to contribute to fulfil this policy void within an ‘accommodating’ scenario. We discuss a possible policy environment that seeks to propose ways to regularize Dhaka’s ‘rule-violating’ development activities through a mandatory adaptation to a strategic policy tool called ‘Compensative Greening’. Instead of existing compensation policies, we propose for a conceptual framework based on an obligatory on-site adaptation to ‘long-term greening’. We discuss how this framework should enable a sustainable mainstreaming of the violated constructions ensuring fiscal benefits for RAJUK, building owner and the ‘green industry’ alike.
Vol. 6, December 2013, pp. 13-22
An Approach to Estimate Demand and Supply of Bus Service in Particular Road Section of Dhaka
Authors: Jinat Jahan  , Syeda Bushra Binte Amin
Published: November 2024

With the increase of population demand for public transport is also increasing. On the other hand, supply is not sufficient to meet up the demand. Moreover there is no specific methodology to estimate demand and supply of bus service in a particular road. In this study, an approach has been taken to calculate the demand and supply of bus services. Rokeya shoronee has been selected as the study area because it connects a major residential area, Mirpur to Motijheel. At four bus stoppages of Rokeya Shoronee observation and counting methods have used to determine demand and current supply of buses. An average bus size has been considered as a unit. From the analysis, it has been found that there is a need of 6 buses in the selected section of the road to carry people. This process can be used to provide a guideline for determining balance between demand and supply of bus services.
Vol. 6, December 2013, pp. 119-123
Parking Demand and Supply Analysis of Major Shopping Centers in Dhaka – A Case Study of New Market Shopping Center along Mirpur Road
Authors: Khatun E Zannat  , Tanjeeb Ahmed  , Suman Kumar Mitra  , Rezwana Rafiq  , Md Arif Hasan  , Khadija Akhter  , Zikrul Hasan Fahad
Published: November 2024

In Dhaka, a rapidly urbanizing mega city, different private car friendly policies and infrastructure development encourage more people to own and use private. This large number of cars require huge parking space. On-street car parking is now creating severe transportation problems in major roads of Dhaka city, like Mirpur road, which is lined with numerous office and commercial spaces and shopping centers. This paper aims to explicate the parking scenario of the major shopping centers of Dhaka through analyzing the parking and demand supply of New Market, which is a very popular shopping center of this city. The study tried to explore the possibilities of moderating the present parking problems of this market, for which a site-specific study was conducted rather than a city-or nation-wide determination of parking characteristics. Required data has been collected from two parking surveys – parking space inventory and parking usage survey by patrol, conducted on two separate working days each covering five hour periods. The study found that the average duration of parking in New Market area is around 45 minutes and a considerable portion of cars occupy the parking area up to 3 to 5 hours which lessens parking turnover. Through analyzing the parking demand and supply of a prominent shopping center of Dhaka city, this study invokes parking characteristics which is a common feature observed in other shopping centers or even in other land uses. Therefore, the findings can be used to provide targeted solutions by addressing specific problems in the parking tendencies.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 6, Dec 2013, pp. 161-172
People’s Perception Regarding the Development of Community Facilities: A Case Study of Rajshahi City Corporation
Authors: Ilme Faridatul , Jahan Sarwar Jahan
Published: November 2024

Rajshahi is the 4th largest metropolitan city of Bangladesh. It was one of the first Municipalities in Bangladesh, established in 1876 and declared as a City Corporation in 1987. To ensure planned development of the infrastructures and community facilities a number of organizations are working within the city area. In spite of this the city seems to be facing a lot of problems. Therefore a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of the community facilities provided by the local level institutions (RCC and RDA) of Rajshahi. This study used to measure the performance of nine urban facilities: waste management, road network, recreation facilities, Katcha Bazar, Health facilities, community center, water supply, drainage, street lighting. The performance of these services is ranked using improvement and satisfaction index values. Later a number of GIS maps are generated to show the variation of the level of improvement and satisfaction for the community facilities in the core and fringes of the city. The study shows that among all the community facilities a significant improvement is occurred in the road networks, street lighting and waste management system and the level of satisfaction is also high for these facilities. The study provides a clear portrait of the performance of the community facilities by city core and fringe that will help the local level institutions to provide the facilities in the underprivileged areas of the city.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 7, Dec 2014, pp. 1-16
A Methodology for Assessing the Performance of Structural Measures to Mitigate Traffic Congestion: A Case Study of Chittagong Port Flyover
Authors: Khatun E Zannat , Showkat Sanjida , Islam Md Rabiul
Published: November 2024

An efficient transport system is characterized by accessibility and mobility of traffic works as an impetus for economic development of a country. Chittagong, the business capital of Bangladesh, requires an efficient transport system in order to boost the economic growth. To do so, Chittagong Development Authority has prepared a long term development strategy for traffic and transport system of Chittagong. Some of these strategies include infrastructure development such as flyover, over-pass and expressway construction. But it is necessary to evaluate whether these infrastructures are improving the efficiency of transport system or not. In order to do so, it is also important to identify the major suitable indicators for assessing the performance of those infrastructures for Chittagong. However, Chittagong Port flyover is one of those infrastructures that have already been implemented. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of this substantial flyover through the comparison of different suitable roadway and related factors such as Level of Service (LOS), Vehicular Operating Cost (VOC), and Value of Travel time (VOT) etc. before and after the flyover construction. To find out the information, volume survey, speed survey and questionnaire survey have been conducted. It is found that most of the time free flow exists over the flyover and vehicular operating cost reduced for truck. After separating freight transport from passenger carrying traffic, the level of service of the road just beneath the flyover has also improved. It is also found that for assessing the performance this methodology require less survey instrument, less resource and time. This methodology can be used for assessing the performance of other structural measures not only situated in Chittagong but also in any other area of Bangladesh.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 7, Dec 2014, pp. 53-62
Changing Profile of Cyclones in the Context of Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Manik Kumar , Khan Niaz Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Bangladesh - a disaster-prone country of South Asia - is considered to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world due to the adverse impacts of climate change such as sea level rise, increased salinity intrusion, short term excessive rainfall and extreme heat etc. Apart from direct impact of climate change, it has a long history of confronting with higher levels of tropical cyclones, which is now changing its pattern. It is a poor country with one third of its population living under the poverty line. This poverty scenario is often further exacerbated by the disastrous repercussions of cyclones almost every year jeopardizing the country's development activities. This paper sheds light on the profile of tropical cyclones that have swept Bangladesh over the last five decades. More specifically, it analyze the changing profile of cyclone in terms of frequency of occurrence, intensity, area of landfall, and height of storm surge based on an analysis of official cyclone data of the last 50 years that landfall in Bangladesh. It reveals that though the frequency of cyclone occurrence is reducing but their intensity is increasing day by day. Consequently, based on the analysis and overall observations of the study, the article attempts to furnish some structural, non-structural and policy recommendations both for rural and urban settings. For doing this it focus on the rural and urban adaptations strategies that can fit into the institutional development policy guide line to minimize adverse impact of cyclone in the context of its changing profile.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 7, Dec 2014, pp. 63-78
Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring dan Controling Otomatis Pada Hidroponik Hidayatullah Depok Berbasis Website
Authors: Oivia Putri Arisa , Milasari  , Prameswono Pratama Legenda
Published: November 2024

Laju urbanisasi di Indonesia, terutama di kota-kota besar, menyebabkan penyusutan lahan pertanian akibat alih fungsi lahan menjadi kawasan industri dan pemukiman. Selain itu, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dinamika sosial, serta peningkatan jumlah penduduk memperparah keterbatasan ruang untuk kegiatan pertanian. Hidroponik menawarkan solusi alternatif dengan memanfaatkan air sebagai media tanam pengganti tanah, memungkinkan budidaya tanaman pada lahan terbatas di lingkungan perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem monitoring serta kontrol otomatis sehingga tidak hanya bisa menanam namun juga memantaunya dari jarak jauh. Fokus pengembangan adalah sistem otomatisasi untuk monitoring dan kontrol hidroponik guna mengatasi keterbatasan waktu dalam perawatan tanaman, khususnya bagi pekerja. Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) digunakan untuk menghubungkan antarmuka pengguna dengan sistem kontrol hidroponik. Sistem dilengkapi dengan sensor pH, TDS, suhu, dan ultrasonik. Objek penelitian ini berupa tanaman kangkung yang diamati selama 21 hari setelah dipindahkan ke rak hidroponik. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan pembacaan sensor dengan fluktuasi antara 2% hingga 5%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, sistem otomatisasi hidroponik dinilai cukup mumpuni untuk kebutuhan skala kecil.
Pengaplikasian Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Wisenheimer ATS-400/4 Pada Sistem Catu Daya Perangkat Telekomunikasi di PT. Telkom Indonesia Witel Kaltara STO Tarakan
Authors: Habibullah Natsir , Arfan Muhammad , Setiawan Fahmi
Published: November 2024

Telekomunikasi yang semakin penting di era modern membutuhkan sistem catu daya yang handal dan berkelanjutan. Di PT. Telkom Indonesia Witel Kaltara STO Tarakan, stabilitas catu daya sangat penting untuk menjaga operasional perangkat telekomunikasi. Gangguan listrik memerlukan solusi berupa Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) yang otomatis mengalihkan daya ke sumber cadangan. Penelitian ini menguji waktu transfer dan stabilitas ATS Wisenheimer 400/4, menunjukkan bahwa perangkat ini efektif dalam menjaga keberlangsungan catu daya. Kesimpulannya, pengaplikasian ATS Wisenheimer 400/4 merupakan solusi yang efektif untuk menjamin catu daya yang berkelanjutan di PT. Telkom Indonesia.
Study of component features of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Salvia sclarea of Crimean origin
Authors: Ermachenkov R. E. , Markov A. L. , Agaev M. M. , Burtseva E. V. , Terninko I. I.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Chromatographic profiling is the most efficient way to authenticate essential oils, the key limitation of which is the number of chromatographic profiles developed. The profiling methodology allows to take into account the geographical variability of essential oils by differentiating the profile into essential oilseed growing zones. Despite the presence of developed chromatographic profiles at the moment there is no information about the possible geographical variability of the demanded essential oils of clary sage and rosemary, obtained from local essential oilseed raw materials.

Aim. Comparative study of the component composition of essential oils of clary sage and rosemary produced from raw materials of Russian and foreign origin for the characterisation of domestic essential oils.

Materials and methods. The essential oils were analysed on the software and hardware complex of the gas chromatograph "Crystal 5000.2" with flame ionisation detection. Separation was carried out on a capillary column HP-5MS UI and on a capillary column DB-WAX. The components were identified by comparing the calculated linear retention indices obtained on two columns of different polarity with reference values.

Results and discussion. The analysis of the essential oils of clary sage and rosemary identified 42 and 33 compounds, on average representing 93.7 and 96.2 % of all sample components, respectively. For the samples of clary sage of Crimean origin, a number of patterns were noted, potentially suitable for separating its component composition from essential oils of other origin. Based on the study of the component composition of the essential oil of rosemary Crimean origin, it is suggested that it is attributed to the essential oil of rosemary Spanish type in accordance with ISO and Ph.Eur.

Conclusion. The results of the study allowed to put forward a number of assumptions regarding the possibility of isolation of a specific chromatographic profile of essential oils of clary sage and rosemary from Crimea. Further experimental verification of the put forward assumptions will allow to determine the possibility of introducing clear classification criteria for oils of Crimean origin.
Supporting complexity: the psychologist’s role in multidisciplinary management of polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Farinone Sara , Catania Martina , De Rosa Liliana Italia , Kola Kristiana , Petrone Micaela , Brambilla Pisoni Matteo , Gigliotti Andrea , Bianca Pierpaolo , Maiucchi Paola , Citterio Lorena , Carrera Paola , Mancassola Giulia , Perego Gaia , Milano Francesca , Di Mattei Valentina Elisabetta , Manunta Paolo , Vezzoli Giuseppe , Sciarrone Alibrandi Maria Teresa
Published: November 2024

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common genetic kidney disease. It is characterized by the formation of cysts in kidneys. This condition has a significant impact on people’s lives. It causes not only physical suffering but also psychological suffering. People with ADPKD may experience psychological distress, depending on their personal and health conditions. The inability to accept or adapt to the disease and its resulting changes causes individuals difficulties that appear in different levels of their lives: intrapersonal, interpersonal, social, and occupational.
In the context of ADPKD, the psychologist is involved both at clinical and research levels. The psychologist has a crucial role in supporting patients by assessing how they react to the disease, to its related limitations, and to the resulting disabilities.
The proposal of psychological support, considered as an intervention instrument, is helpful both at the diagnostic stage and in follow-up, as the disease worsens. The support aims to encourage acceptance and adaptation to the disease, process changes, and physical and mental consequences.
Identifikasi Bacillus sp. Yang Diisolasi Dari Madu Liar
Authors: Ningtyas Novarina Sulsia Ista'In , Andrianto Memo , Agustin Alfiana Laili Dwi , Mutmainnash Mutmainnash
Published: November 2024

Madu merupakan cairan manis yang didapatkan dari bagian tumbuhan yang disimpan di saram lebah. Manfaat madu sebagai antioksidan, antimikroba, regulator gula darah dan membantu meningkatkan imun tubuh. Madu yang beredar dan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh manusia bersal dari madu liar dan madu budidaya. Madu liar didapatkan dari alam liar dengan kata lain tidak dibudidayakan. Sebagian besar madu liar didapatkan dan dikemas secara tradisional. Hal ini dapat memicu adanya kontaminasi salah satunya bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi Bacillus sp. yang terdapat pada 10 sampel madu liar dengan metode biokimia. Bakteri yang telah ditumbuhkan pada media agar kemudian akan diuji Katalase, uji Glukosa, uji Manitol,Laktosa, Sukrosa, Maltosa, SIM, Urea, SC, TSIA, dan Arabinosa. Hasil pada penelitian ini mendapatkan 3 jenis Bacillus yaitu 8 sampel Bacillus cereus (80%), 1 sampel Bacillus licheniformis (10%), 1 sampel  Bacillus coagulans (10%).
Pengaruh Pengencer Skim Milk Pada Semen Sapi Bali Dengan Waktu Penyimpanan Berbeda Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Di Balai Inseminasi Buatan Banyumulek Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Wiguna Akmal , Janah Maratun , Atma Candra Dwi , Munawaroh Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Skim milk atau susu skim merupakan pengencer yang dapat digunakan untuk mempertahankan dan melindungi spermatozoa selama penyimpanan agar dapat digunakan dalam proses inseminasi buatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Balai Inseminasi Buatan Banyumulek Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat pada  tanggal 15 – 26 Maret 2024. Semen di tampung dari seekor bull sapi bali dewasa dengan umur 5 tahun dengan kondisi sehat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen tal dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 1 variabel kontrol (P0), 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Variabel yang di ukur adalah motilitas dan viabilitas, data diolah dengan menggunakan microsoft excel. Hasil yang diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 menggunakan pengencer skim milk dengan waktu simpan 24 jam pada suhu 5ºC masih memenuhi persyaratan produksi karena motilitas spermatozoa di atas 70%. Sedangkan pada perlakuan P2 (48 jam), P3 (76 jam) dan P4 (96 jam) tidak layak untuk di produksi karena motilitas yang di hasilkan berada di bawah 70%. Akan tetapi viabilitas menunjukan adanya penurunan pada semua sampel.
Non-Smoke Tobacco Consumption in India: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Verma Deepak , Shimpi Leena S , Srivastava Saksham kr. , Ahmad Saifuddin , Yadav Shweta
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the economic and social impacts of non-smoke tobacco consumption in India and compares them with the tax revenue generated by the government from this industry. Non-smoke tobacco products, such as chewing tobacco and pan masala, are associated with various health and environmental problems, such as oral cancer and littering. The study uses the concept of externalities to analyse the costs and benefits of non-smoke tobacco consumption for the society and the government. Based on available data and assumptions, the study estimates the expenditure on oral cancer treatment and cleanliness, and the revenue from direct and indirect taxes on non-smoke tobacco products. The study finds that the government collects more revenue than it spends on mitigating the negative externalities of non-smoke tobacco consumption, but the social costs are still significant. The study suggests that the government should implement more effective tobacco taxation and control policies to reduce the consumption and harm of non-smoke tobacco products.
An Examination of Moderna
Authors: Cunningham Hayden Cole , Dunn Jessica , Durr David
Published: November 2024

Understanding the COVID-19 response for Moderna, a biotechnology company based out of the United States, and compiling the current outlooks regarding vaccinations, development of a diversified product line, and garnering a competitive edge in the biotechnology space is a costly endeavor Moderna is attempting to transverse. Declining revenues, rising costs, and low sales of Moderna's current product have deteriorated the value base. The recent increase in share price is motivated by anticipation of a potential avian flu outbreak and response. This study attempts to shed light on the current financial condition of Moderna.
Машинне навчання як ключовий інструмент оборонних кібероперацій: ефективність виявлення фішингових загроз
Authors: Burova Nadiia , Oprysk Roman , Kurii Yevhenii , Lakh Yuriy , Susukailo Vitalii
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: визначити ефективність використання алгоритмів машинного навчання для виявлення фішингових загроз у межах оборонних кібероперацій.
Метод дослідження: використання алгоритмів випадкових лісів, логістичної регресії та методу опорних векторів для автоматизованого аналізу URL-адрес. Програма реалізована на мові Python з використанням фреймворку Flask.
Результати дослідження: розроблене програмне рішення виявило високу ефективність у виявленні фішингових посилань, продемонструвавши точність аналізу при тестуванні на наборах реальних даних.
Практична цінність дослідження: запропонована система може бути впроваджена як частина оборонних кібероперацій для автоматизованого виявлення шкідливих посилань та підвищення кібербезпеки.
Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.
Аналіз вразливостей великих мовних моделей
Authors: Kolchenko Viktor , Sabodashko Dmytro , Shved Mariia , Khoma Yuriy , Maksymiv Nazar
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: аналіз вразливостей великих мовних моделей (LLM) на основі класифікації OWASP Top 10 для застосунків LLM, проведення оцінки потенційних загроз та розробка рекомендацій щодо підвищення рівня безпеки цих моделей.
Метод: кількісні методи, зокрема використання інструменту Garak для ідентифікації та аналізу вразливостей у великих мовних моделях.
Результати дослідження: проаналізовано декілька критичних вразливостей, серед яких ін’єкції запитів, небезпечна обробка виводів, отруєння навчальних даних, розкриття конфіденційної інформації та інші. Навіть найсучасніші моделі, зокрема GPT-4, не забезпечують повної захищеності від цих загроз.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: дослідження поглиблює розуміння безпекових ризиків, пов’язаних з використанням великих мовних моделей, і пропонує нові підходи до їх аналізу. Це може стати основою для подальших теоретичних розробок у галузі кібербезпеки стосовно LLM.
Практична цінність дослідження: дослідження пропонує рекомендації для розробників, науковців і організацій, які використовують LLM. Впровадження безпечних практик розробки та постійний аудит моделей можуть суттєво підвищити захист використання LLM.
Цінність дослідження: використано інноваційний підхід для тестування безпеки LLM через імітацію різноманітних атак, зокрема ін’єкції запитів, отруєння даних, галюцинації та витоки інформації, що дозволяє виявити потенційні слабкі місця у функціонуванні моделей.
Майбутні дослідження: у подальших дослідженнях планується розширення спектра моделей і методів, що спрямовані на оптимізацію безпеки. Це сприятиме формуванню більш комплексного розуміння проблеми та вдосконаленню стратегій забезпечення безпеки.
Тип статті: Концептуальне дослідження.
Роль і місце роїв безпілотних систем в операціях (бойових діях) та варіанти їх застосування
Authors: Semenenko Oleh , Ostrovskyi Serhii , Movchan Artur , Melnychenko Andrii , Stolinets Serhii , Petrenko Stanislav
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: визначити роль, місце, завдання роїв безпілотних систем в операціях (бойових діях) та варіанти їх застосування.
Метод дослідження: методи аналізу та синтезу, методи індукції та дедукції, методи експертного опитування, методи дослідження операцій.
Практична цінність дослідження: приведено ключові складові роїв безпілотних систем; визначено основні завдання та місце роїв безпілотних систем в операціях (бойових діях); наведено раціональні варіанти застосування роїв безпілотних систем у операціях (бойових діях); розглянуто окремі рекомендації щодо застосування роїв безпілотних систем.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: визначено, роль, місце та завдання роїв безпілотних систем, як нових елементів сучасних бойових дій. Приведено раціональні варіанти застосування у операціях (бойових діях) з урахуванням досвіду відбиття широкомасштабної збройної агресії російської федерації.
Безпека України та глобальна стабільність: стратегії та шляхи забезпечення в умовах війни
Authors: Havryliuk Ivan , Semenenko Oleh , Vodchyts Oleksandr , Dobrovolskyi Yuzef , Mytchenko Serhii , Korotia Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: визначення основних стратегій забезпечення перемоги України у російсько-українській війні та шляхів забезпечення її національної безпеки через глобальну стабільність у світі.
Метод дослідження: методи аналізу та синтезу, дедукції та індукції, метод аналогій та порівняння.
Практична цінність дослідження: визначені основні стратегії забезпечення перемоги України у російсько-українській війні; сформовані шляхи практичної реалізації цих стратегій, а також розкрито перелік заходів необхідних для реалізації цих шляхів; сформовані загальні висновки стосовно реалізації кожної зі стратегій в глобальній системі забезпечення перемоги України у війні та глобальної світової стабільності і безпеки.
Цінність дослідження: у статті проведено аналіз основних стратегій та шляхів реалізації перемоги України у війні та розкрито сучасні особливості її забезпечення.
Майбутні дослідження: напрямами подальших досліджень можу бути розроблення та вдосконалення стратегій кібербезпеки; інформаційна безпека та протидія дезінформації; реформування оборонного сектору та модернізація збройних сил; співпраця з міжнародними безпековими організаціями; енергетична безпека та диверсифікація енергопостачання; економічна стійкість як фактор національної безпеки; вплив міжнародної політики на безпеку України; психологічна стійкість та готовність населення до кризових ситуацій; інновації в оборонних технологіях.
Тип статті: теоретичний, практичний.
Prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Malaysia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chua Ker Yang , Chua Ker Yung , Chinna Karuthan , Lim Chooi Ling , Seneviwickrama Maheeka
Published: November 2024

The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. National surveys in Malaysia have shown similar trends. This review aimed to increase our understanding of the prevalence and associated factors of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted of studies reporting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Malaysian children aged <18 years. Systematic searches were conducted in October 2023 and repeated in March 2024 of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The grey literature was also included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessments were conducted by paired independent researchers. A metaanalysis of prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model and heterogeneity (I2) was calculated. Publication bias was investigated using Egger’s test. This review included 33 studies (N=273,710) conducted between 1996 and 2022. Overall, the childhood overweight, obesity and excess weight prevalence was 13.9% (95% CI, 13.0%–14.8%), 11.8% (95% CI, 10.9%–12.8%), and 24.0% (95% CI, 22.3%–25.7%), respectively. Boys had a significantly higher proportion of obesity (12.5% [95% CI, 11.1%–14.1%] vs. 9.1% [95% CI, 8.1%–10.1%]) and excess weight (25.7% [95% CI, 23.5%–28.1%] vs. 20.7% [95% CI, 18.8%–22.8%]) than girls. Sarawak natives had a higher prevalence of obesity (17.7% [95% CI, 16.0%–19.5%]). Annually, the obesity prevalence increased by 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1%–0.6%; P=0.006) and excess weight prevalence increased by 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%–1.0%; P=0.002). Heterogeneity was high (I2>90%), and publication bias was possible (P<0.001). Variability was not significantly affected by the critical appraisal score or sample size. In conclusion, the prevalence of childhood overweight, obesity, and excess weight in Malaysia doubled over 26 years. Future studies of the prevalence of childhood excess weight should follow a standardized reference for body mass index by age to ease interstudy comparisons.
Value of transabdominal ultrasonography for diagnosing functional constipation in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tran Duc Long , Nguyen Trong Tran Phu , Susantitaphong Paweena , Phinyo Phichayut , Sintusek Palittiya
Published: November 2024

Transabdominal ultrasonography is increasingly used as a novel modality for detecting pediatric functional constipation (FC). This systematic review and metaanalysis aimed to assess the diagnostic parameters of FC including rectal diameter (RD) and anterior rectal wall thickness. A systematic search was conducted of the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases through September 29, 2023, to identify studies comparing RD and anterior wall thickness using transabdominal ultrasonography in children with versus without FC. Metaanalyses were performed using random-effects models to calculate the weighted mean differences (MDs) in RD and anterior wall thickness. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis ver. 3, R, and Review Manager ver. 5.4.1 software were used to assess the optimal cutoff, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC). Fourteen studies involving 1,255 children (mean age, 6.21±2.3 years) were included. The mean RD was significantly larger in constipated children versus controls (MD, 10.35 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.97–13.74; P<0.001; I2=94%). A meta-regression showed no significant effects of age, weight, or height on RD. An optimal RD cutoff point of 31 mm was suggested by a pooled analysis with an AUC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.8–0.91; P<0.001), sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59–0.86), and specificity of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.68–0.93). The mean anterior rectal wall thickness was greater among constipated children than among controls (MD, 0.44; 95% CI, -0.26 to 1.13; P=0.22), but this difference was not statistically significant. RD measured using transabdominal ultrasonography with a cutoff point of 31 mm exhibited good diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing FC in children.
Effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with intermittent sigh breaths on carbon dioxide levels in neonates
Authors: Baingam Kulthida , Thatrimontrichai Anucha , Praditaukrit Manapat , Maneenil Gunlawadee , Dissaneevate Supaporn
Published: November 2024

Background: High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) minimizes ventilator-induced lung injuries. Spontaneous sigh breathing may augment the functional residual capacity, increase lung compliance, and recruit atelectatic alveoli.Purpose: To evaluate the difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in neonates receiving invasive HFOV as the primary mode of respiratory support before versus after sigh breaths (Sighs).Methods: This prospective study was conducted between January and December 2023. Intubated preterm and term neonates who underwent HFOV with an available arterial line were enrolled in this study after informed parental consent was obtained. Sighs were set at a frequency of 3 breaths/min and pressure of 5 cmH2O above the mean airway pressure for 2 hours. Arterial blood gas was collected before and after Sighs and analyzed using 2 dependent tests.Results: Thirty neonates with a mean gestational age of 33.6±4.1 weeks and median date of intervention of 1.88 days (interquartile range, 0.87–3.79 days) were enrolled. The mean PaCO2 level was significantly lower in the HFOV with Sighs group (45.2±6.6 mmHg) versus the HFOV alone group (48.8±3.1 mmHg) with a mean difference (MD) of -3.6 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], -6.3 to -0.9; P=0.01). Subgroup analyses indicated the ability of Sighs to reduce the PaCO2 level in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (n=15; MD [95% CI]=-4.2 [-8.2 to -0.2] mmHg; P= 0.04).Conclusion: Sighing can reduce PaCO2 levels in neonates ventilated with HFOV, particularly those with respiratory distress syndrome.