bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic and political uncertainties and sustainability disclosures in the tourism sector firms
Authors: Kumar Dilip
Published: July 2022

The paper investigates the impact of national-level economic and political uncertainties on the quantity of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability disclosures by the tourism sector firms. The findings indicate that with the increase in economic and political uncertainties, tourism firms make more of the sustainability disclosures mainly to build good relationships with various stakeholders and to spread good word of mouth about the firm’s contribution to social welfare and environmental conservatism. The findings show the role of sustainability disclosures in moderating the impact of economic uncertainty on firm value during the COVID-19 period and global financial crisis period.
The Children of Risk Communication
Authors: Paakkari Leena , Okan Orkan
Published: July 2022

For the management of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk communication has been a much-needed preventive and educative action to support citizens – including children – to adopt preventive and health protective measures. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is not the only health concern at hand that has raised concerns about the health status of children and required disease-preventive strategies. Bearing in mind the mental health problems and learning losses reported during the pandemic, in this commentary, we will argue that by now, it is time to consider critically if there could be more space for positive communication and education, both alongside and as an integral part of risk communication, to help adolescents not just to survive but also to live the fullest possible life now and in the future. Otherwise, the adolescents of COVID-19 could become ‘the children of risk communication’ to the detriment of their health and well-being.
Wave impact on a rigid and flexible wall using various viscous fluids during sloshing
Authors: Korkmaz Fatih C.
Published: July 2022

This paper addresses a study of wave impacts on the chamfered shape of a structure during sloshing, using two different fluids through experimental analysis. Horizontal oscillations are carried out on the tank under various excitation frequencies at a fixed amplitude. Rigid and relatively flexible walls are considered for measuring pressure impact and structural deformation from the wave impacts. Various wave impulses are directed at the sidewall, and the structural deformations are discussed in detail. Wave impacts for various fluids are carried out, from which the pressure-time history, strain values, and free-surface deformation measurements are highlighted. Through the analysis, the breaking wave gets distorted by bottom chamfer at around the vertical portion of the wall. Therefore, physical results are changed likely to having with the wave strike the wall. The impact from more viscous fluids have also been found to reduce both the dynamic pressure and structural strain at practically the same rates in comparison with less viscous fluids.
Principals’ digital instructional leadership during the pandemic: Impact on teachers’ intrinsic motivation and students’ learning
Authors: Berkovich Izhak , Hassan Tahani
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused education systems to embrace remote schooling and online learning. In the context of this dramatic change, the principal's role has also changed. Instead of interacting face to face, school leaders had to become distant leaders operating digitally. The field has no knowledge of digital instructional leadership. The study used new and adapted measures to explore principals’ digital instructional leadership, its mechanisms of operation, and its outcomes. In particular, the research examined how digital instructional leadership affects perceived student learning in online settings through teachers’ intrinsic motivation for digital instruction (i.e. the mediator). The study used data from 380 teachers in Bahrain. Results indicated support for mediation. This is an empirical exploratory study, and therefore it is limited in scope. Nevertheless, its concepts, measures, and findings offer valuable contributions to research and practice. The limitations, findings, and implications of the study are discussed. The significance of the study derives from the growing incorporation of hybrid schooling in education and digital instructional leadership practices in mainstream principalship.
It Rhymes
Authors: Saldaña Johnny
Published: July 2022

The author recounts the Mount St. Helen’s volcanic eruption in 1980, and its parallels to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
Patient Satisfaction of Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services
Authors: Ali Mostafa A. S. , Amirthalingam Palanisamy , Alatawi Yasser , Aljabri Ahmed
Published: July 2022

The Ministry of Health (MOH) recently developed the Health Sector Transformation Program (HTSP) to focus on patient satisfaction, safety, and care. This study explored patient satisfaction with outpatient care services.

A semi-structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data of patient satisfaction with pharmacy care services through face-to face interviews of participants and over the internet using an electronic format of the same questionnaire (web-based survey).

A total of 508 participants responded of whom, 51.8% were male and 83% were below 46 years old. The average scores of domains 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were 4.51, 4.11, 4.30, 3.70, 3.57, 3.82, 3.63, and 4.15, respectively. The general evaluation of pharmacy services demonstrated that respondents were very satisfied (245; 48.2%), satisfied (143; 28%), and willing to recommend the pharmacy to their families (380; 76.4%). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall satisfaction with pharmacy services among the 2 hospitals ( P > .05).

Most respondents were satisfied with outpatient care pharmacy services. More efforts are needed to improve the service of following up on patients’ adherence by the pharmacists.
Pancreatic Cancer From the Patient Perspective: The Time to Act is Now
Authors: Vitaloni Marianna , Michl Patrick , Löhr Matthias , Stunt Ali , Rzadkowska Patrycja , Backman Eva , Sharara Lama , Neves Vitor , Gruenberger Thomas , Maravic Zorana
Published: July 2022

Pancreatic cancer is a disease requiring urgent attention from governments and policymakers. Recently, a state of emergency has been declared for this cancer—being the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths in the European Union, it has the lowest survival rate of all common cancers. One of the major reasons pancreatic cancer is associated with such poor outcomes is because it is usually diagnosed at a late stage. Also, investment in research for effective targeted therapies is lacking. This is the perspective of a white paper developed by Digestive Cancers Europe, an umbrella organisation representing European patient organisations. It has been developed after consultation with pancreatic cancer patients, representatives of cancer patient organisations and leading pancreatic cancer healthcare professionals. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the key urgent unmet needs in pancreatic cancer from the patient perspective, ultimately with a view to improve patient care and outcomes in this very challenging disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Biologics for Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Koski Renee R. , Hill Luke , Taavola Kylee
Published: July 2022

Objective: To review published literature for biologic treatment of nasal polyps. Data Sources: PubMed search performed on February 16, 2022, using search terms: biologics, benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab, or reslizumab AND nasal polyps, nasal polyposis, or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Inclusion criteria were English language, published randomized controlled trials, post hoc analyses, and meta-analyses evaluating biologics for nasal polyposis, with or without comorbid asthma, and no date limits. Additional studies were found through references of primary and tertiary literature. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Nineteen studies, including 8 randomized controlled trials, 2 meta-analyses, and 9 post hoc analyses, examined the efficacy and safety of biologics for nasal polyposis. Agents studied included benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab, and reslizumab. Studies had similar inclusion (refractory and recurrent CRSwNP) and exclusion criteria. All studies included the use of an intranasal corticosteroid (mometasone or fluticasone) in addition to the biologic or placebo. The most commonly studied primary endpoint was change in endoscopic nasal polyp score. Data Synthesis: All studies, post hoc analyses, and meta-analyses found improvement in endoscopic, clinical, and/or radiographic endpoints with benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab, or reslizumab in patients with CRSwNP with or without comorbid asthma. Dupilumab has the most published data. Dupilumab, mepolizumab, and omalizumab are the only biologics currently Food and Drug Administration–approved for CRSwNP. Conclusion: Biologics are beneficial for treating nasal polyps with or without comorbid asthma. The choice depends on patient and provider preference and insurance coverage.
Polymerase chain reaction confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis intermediate uveitis – analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases from a tertiary care centre in South India: a retrospective study
Authors: Sreenivasan Janani , Jain Anupreeti , Kamalini P. Neha , Janani M. K. , Biswas Jyotirmay
Published: July 2022

Background

To report the role of Polymerase Chain Reaction in confirming the diagnosis of presumed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) Intermediate Uveitis.

Method

Retrospective analysis of 22 eyes of 14 cases of presumed tubercular intermediate uveitis wherein intraocular fluid was tested for MTB DNA by Nested & Real-time PCR, based on clinical suspicion of tubercular aetiology. QuantiFERON TB gold test and High-Resolution CT Chest were done. Patients were treated with anti-tubercular therapy with oral steroids & immunomodulators. In the study, eleven were male (79%) and three female (21%). The median age was 34 years. Nested PCR for both IS 6110 & MPB 64 was positive in 64% of the cases, IS 6110 positive in 23% and MPB 64 positive in 15%. Real-time PCR was positive in 48% of the cases. Vision improved in 33% of cases, maintained in 57%, and worsened in 10% of cases.

Conclusion

Presumed Tubercular intermediate uveitis can be confirmed by PCR of intraocular fluids. Anti-tubercular therapy with immunosuppression can improve vision and prevent recurrences in such cases.
Recurrent, bilateral endogenous Candida endophthalmitis with multiple focal chorioretinal lesions: management with pars plana vitrectomy and focal endolaser
Authors: Iyer Prashanth G. , Fan Jason , Diaz J. Daniel , Liu Jeremy , Lazzarini Thomas , Fan Kenneth C. , Miller Darleen , Flynn Harry W.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Bilateral endogenousCandidaendophthalmitis (ECE) treatment usually involves administering systemic and intravitreal antifungal medications. In advanced cases with vitreous seeding, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is considered. The use of focal endolaser treatment to chorioretinal lesions has not been reported. We present a case of bilateral recurrent ECE treated with PPV and endolaser to elevated focal lesions.

Case

A 45-year-old diabetic male presented with decreased visual acuity in both eyes (20/50 right eye, 20/150 left eye) and was found to have bilateral ECE with moderate vitritis and chorioretinal lesions. The initial treatment consisted of multiple intravitreal voriconazole injections to both eyes as well as systemic antifungal therapy. Resolution of ECE occurred after three months, but one year later despite therapy recurred bilaterally. Patient underwent PPV with endolaser to the elevated chorioretinal lesions in both eyes. One year later, his vision improved to 20/40 in both eyes, focal lesions were flat and resolved along with the ECE.

Conclusion

Advanced or recurrent ECE that is refractive to intravitreal antifungal therapy may be treated with PPV. Endolaser therapy to the chorioretinal lesions is an additional local option that can resolve the activity of ECE.
A hybrid metaheuristic-deep learning technique for the pan-classification of cancer based on DNA methylation
Authors: Eissa Noureldin S. , Khairuddin Uswah , Yusof Rubiyah
Published: July 2022

Background

DNA Methylation is one of the most important epigenetic processes that are crucial to regulating the functioning of the human genome without altering the DNA sequence. DNA Methylation data for cancer patients are becoming more accessible than ever, which is attributed to newer DNA sequencing technologies, notably, the relatively low-cost DNA microarray technology by Illumina Infinium. This technology makes it possible to study DNA methylation at hundreds of thousands of different loci. Currently, most of the research found in the literature focuses on the discovery of DNA methylation markers for specific cancer types. A relatively small number of studies have attempted to find unified DNA methylation biomarkers that can diagnose different types of cancer (pan-cancer classification).

Results

In this study, the aim is to conduct a pan-classification of cancer disease. We retrieved individual data for different types of cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal. We selected data for many cancer types: Breast Cancer (BRCA), Ovary Cancer (OV), Stomach Cancer (STOMACH), Colon Cancer (COAD), Kidney Cancer (KIRC), Liver Cancer (LIHC), Lung Cancer (LUSC), Prostate Cancer (PRAD) and Thyroid cancer (THCA). The data was pre-processed and later used to build the required dataset. The system that we developed consists of two main stages. The purpose of the first stage is to perform feature selection and, therefore, decrease the dimensionality of the DNA methylation loci (features). This is accomplished using an unsupervised metaheuristic technique. As for the second stage, we used supervised machine learning and developed deep neural network (DNN) models to help classify the samples’ malignancy status and cancer type. Experimental results showed that compared to recently published methods, our proposed system achieved better classification results in terms of recall, and similar and higher results in terms of precision and accuracy. The proposed system also achieved an excellent receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC AUC) values varying from 0.85 to 0.89.

Conclusions

This research presented an effective new approach to classify different cancer types based on DNA methylation data retrieved from TCGA. The performance of the proposed system was compared to recently published works, using different performance metrics. It provided better results, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method for classifying different cancer types based on DNA methylation data.
Is age at menopause decreasing? – The consequences of not completing the generational cohort
Authors: Martins Rui , Sousa Bruno de , Kneib Thomas , Hohberg Maike , Klein Nadja , Duarte Elisa , Rodrigues Vítor
Published: July 2022

Background

Due to contradictory results in current research, whether age at menopause is increasing or decreasing in Western countries remains an open question, yet worth studying as later ages at menopause are likely to be related to an increased risk of breast cancer. Using data from breast cancer screening programs to study the temporal trend of age at menopause is difficult since especially younger women in the same generational cohort have often not yet reached menopause. Deleting these younger women in a breast cancer risk analyses may bias the results. The aim of this study is therefore to recover missing menopause ages as a covariate by comparing methods for handling missing data. Additionally, the study makes a contribution to understanding the evolution of age at menopause for several generations born in Portugal between 1920 and 1970.

Methods

Data from a breast cancer screening program in Portugal including 278,282 women aged 45–69 and collected between 1990 and 2010 are used to compare two approaches of imputing age at menopause: (i) a multiple imputation methodology based on a truncated distribution but ignoring the mechanism of missingness; (ii) a copula-based multiple imputation method that simultaneously handles the age at menopause and the missing mechanism. The linear predictors considered in both cases have a semiparametric additive structure accommodating linear and non-linear effects defined via splines or Markov random fields smoothers in the case of spatial variables.

Results

Both imputation methods unveiled an increasing trend of age at menopause when viewed as a function of the birth year for the youngest generation. This trend is hidden if we model only women with an observed age at menopause.

Conclusion

When studying age at menopause, missing ages must be recovered with an adequate procedure for incomplete data. Imputing these missing ages avoids excluding the younger generation cohort of the screening program in breast cancer risk analyses and hence reduces the bias stemming from this exclusion. In addition, imputing the not yet observed ages of menopause for mostly younger women is also crucial when studying the time trend of age at menopause otherwise the analysis will be biased.
High burden of childhood tuberculosis in migrants: a retrospective cohort study from the Thailand–Myanmar border
Authors: Carroll Amy , Maung Maung Banyar , Htun Win Pa Pa , Watthanaworawit Wanitda , Vincenti-Delmas Michele , Smith Colette , Sonnenberg Pam , Nosten Francois
Published: July 2022

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children but epidemiological data are scarce, particularly for hard-to-reach populations. We aimed to identify the risk factors for unsuccessful outcome and TB mortality in migrant children at a supportive residential TB programme on the Thailand–Myanmar border.

Methods

We conducted retrospective analysis of routine programmatic data for children (aged ≤ 15 years old) with TB diagnosed either clinically or bacteriologically between 2013 and 2018. Treatment outcomes were described and risk factors for unsuccessful outcome and death were identified using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Childhood TB accounted for a high proportion of all TB diagnoses at this TB programme (398/2304; 17.3%). Bacteriological testing was done on a quarter (24.9%) of the cohort and most children were diagnosed on clinical grounds (94.0%). Among those enrolled on treatment (n = 367), 90.5% completed treatment successfully. Unsuccessful treatment outcomes occurred in 42/398 (10.6%) children, comprising 26 (6.5%) lost to follow-up, one (0.3%) treatment failure and 15 (3.8%) deaths. In multivariable analysis, extra-pulmonary TB [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.56 (95% CI 1.12–10.98)], bacteriologically confirmed TB [aOR 6.07 (1.68–21.92)] and unknown HIV status [aOR 42.29 (10.00–178.78)] were independent risk factors for unsuccessful outcome. HIV-positive status [aOR 5.95 (1.67–21.22)] and bacteriological confirmation [aOR 9.31 (1.97–44.03)] were risk factors for death in the secondary analysis.

Conclusions

Children bear a substantial burden of TB disease within this migrant population. Treatment success rate exceeded the WHO End TB target of 90%, suggesting that similar vulnerable populations could benefit from the enhanced social support offered by this TB programme, but better child-friendly diagnostics are needed to improve the quality of diagnoses.
Determinants of continuing mental health service use among older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders in general hospitals: latent class analysis and GEE
Authors: Mulalint Thida , Seeherunwong Acharaporn , Wanitkun Napaporn , Tongsai Sasima
Published: July 2022

Background

Prevalence of depression in older persons was a leading cause of disability. This group has the lowest access to service and retention in care compared to other age groups. This study aimed to explore continuing mental health service use and examined the predictive power of the mental health service delivery system and individual factors on mental health service use among older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders.

Methods

We employed an analytic cross-sectional study design of individual and organizational variables in 12 general hospitals selected using multi-stratified sampling. There were 3 clusters comprising community hospitals, advanced and standard hospitals, and university hospitals. Participants in each group were 150 persons selected by purposive sampling. We included older persons with a first or recurring diagnosis of a depressive disorder in the last 6 to 12 months of the data collection date. Data at the individual level included socio-demographic characteristics, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Attitude toward Depression and its treatment, and perceived social support. Data at the organizational level had hospital level, nurse competency, nurse-patient ratio, and appointment reminders. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, latent class analysis (LCA), and marginal logistic regression model using generalized estimating equation (GEE) were used to analyze the data.

Results

The continuing mental health service use among older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders was 54%. The latent class analysis of four variables in the mental health services delivery organization yielded distinct and interpretable findings in two groups: high and low resource organization. The marginal logistic multivariable regression model using GEE found that organizational group and attitude toward depression and its treatment were significantly associated with mental health service use (p-value = 0.046; p-value = 0.003).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that improving continuing mental health services use in older persons diagnosed with depressive disorders should emphasize specialty resources of the mental health services delivery system and attitude toward depression and its treatment.
Use of dexmedetomidine repeated subcutaneous administration for balanced anaesthesia in horses
Authors: Rabbogliatti Vanessa , Amari Martina , Brioschi Federica Alessandra , Di Cesare Federica , Zani Davide Danilo , De Zani Donatella , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Cagnardi Petra , Ravasio Giuliano
Published: July 2022

Background

A balanced anaesthetic protocol is a common concept in modern veterinary anaesthesia and aims to maintain good intraoperative cardiopulmonary function. In horses, alpha-2-agonists produce sedation and analgesia and have been shown to reduce inhalational anaesthetic requirements when administered intravenously. Furthermore, these drugs can improve recovery quality. Preliminary investigations of subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration in humans demonstrated a reduced haemodynamic impact if compared with the intravenous route suggesting that dexmedetomidine is adequately absorbed with both administration routes. The aim of the study was to compare two different dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration routes: intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) versus repeated subcutaneous (SC) injections on cardiopulmonary function and recovery in anaesthetized horses.

Results

No significant differences between groups in heart rate and systolic arterial pressure were detected. A significantly higher mean and diastolic arterial pressure were detected in the SC group at T25 (p = 0.04;p = 0.02), T75 (p = 0.02;p = 0.009), and T85 (p = 0.001;p = 0.005). In SC group there was a significantly lower dobutamine infusion rate (p = 0.03) and a significantly higher urinary output (p = 0.02). Moreover, recovery quality was higher (p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Cardiopulmonary effects in both groups were comparable and within clinical ranges with less dobutamine requirement in the subcutaneous group. Recovery was of better quality with fewer attempts in horses receiving subcutaneous dexmedetomidine. The present study suggests that intravenous constant rate infusion and subcutaneous repeated administration of dexmedetomidine at indicated dosage can be useful in balanced anaesthesia without any systemic or local adverse effects; moreover, in healthy horses undergoing general anaesthesia, repeated subcutaneous dexmedetomidine administration may be a suitable alternative if constant rate infusion is not feasible.
Enhancing very long chain fatty acids production in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Gajdoš Peter , Urbaníková Veronika , Vicenová Mária , Čertík Milan
Published: July 2022

Background

Very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) and their derivatives are industrially attractive compounds. The most important are behenic acid (C22:0) and erucic acid (C22:1Δ13), which are used as lubricants, and moisturizers. C22:0 and C22:1Δ13 have also potential for biofuel production. These fatty acids are conventionally obtained from plant oils. Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with a long history of gene manipulations resulting in the production of industrially interesting compounds, such as organic acids, proteins, and various lipophilic molecules. It has been shown previously that it has potential for the production of VLCFA enriched single cell oils.

Results

The metabolism of Y. lipolytica was redesigned to achieve increased production of VLCFA. The effect of native diacylglycerol acyltransferases of this yeast YlLro1p, YlDga1p, and YlDga2p on the accumulation of VLCFA was examined. It was found that YlDga1p is the only enzyme with a beneficial effect. Further improvement of accumulation was achieved by overexpression of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (TaFAE1) under 8UAS-pTEF promoter and blockage fatty acid degradation pathway by deletion of YlMFE1. The best-producing strain YL53 (Δmfe, pTEF-YlDGA1, 8UAS-pTEF-TaFAE1) produced 120 µg of very long chain fatty acids per g of produced biomass, which accounted for 34% of total fatty acids in biomass.

Conclusions

Recombinant strains of Y. lipolytica have proved to be good producers of VLCFA. Redesign of lipid metabolism pathways had a positive effect on the accumulation of C22:1Δ13 and C22:0, which are technologically attractive compounds.
LINC00893 inhibits the progression of prostate cancer through miR-3173-5p/SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Yu Chuigong , Fan Yu , Zhang Yu , Liu Lupeng , Guo Gang
Published: July 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the male urinary system. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality of PCa have been increasing due to the limited effects of existing treatment strategies. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00893 was reported to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer cells, but its role in PCa has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of LINC00893 in regulating the progression of PCa cells.

Methods

We first compared LINC00893 expression levels between PCa tissues and normal prostate tissues through TCGA database. The relative LINC00893 expression levels were further validated in 66 pairs of PCa tissues and para-cancerous normal tissues, as well as in PCa cell lines. Gain-of-function experiment was performed by transfecting PCa cell with LINC00893 expression vector, and CCK (Cell count kit)-8, 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, colony information and transwell assays were conducted to assess the functional phenotypes. Dual-luciferase reporter, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down assays were performed to evaluate the molecular interactions.

Results

LINC00893 was downregulated in PCa tissues and cell lines, and patients with low expression of LINC00893 were associated with a poorer overall survival rate. LINC00893 overexpression hindered the proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the migratory ability of PCa cells, and suppressed the tumorigenesis of PCa cells in nude mice. We further demonstrated that LINC00893 acted as a sponge for miR-3173-5p and inhibited its activity, which in turn regulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3)/Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling axis.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that LINC00893 suppresses the progression of PCa cells through targeting miR-3173-5p/SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 axis. Our data uncovers a novel tumor-suppressor role of LINC00893 in PCa, which may serve as a potential strategy for targeted therapy in PCa.

Grapical Abstract
Comparison of high-intensive and low-intensive electromechanical-assisted gait training by Exowalk® in patients over 3-month post-stroke
Authors: Yu Chang Seon , Nam Yeon-Gyo , Kwon Bum Sun
Published: July 2022

Background

This study was conducted to assess the effect of electromechanical-assisted gait training intensity on walking ability in patients over 3-month post-stroke.

Methods

Data from two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected under the same study design of assessment and intervention, excluding intervention time per session. After matching the inclusion criteria of two RCTs, the experimental groups of each RCT were defined as low-intensive (LI) and high-intensive (HI) group according to the intervention time per session. Primary outcome was the difference of the change in Functional Ambulatory Categories (FAC) between LI and HI gait training. Secondary outcomes were the difference of changes in mobility, walking speed, walking capacity, leg-muscle strength, balance and daily activity evaluated with Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), 10 m walk test (10MWT), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Motricity Index (MI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) respectively.

Results

The FAC improved after gait training in both groups. The secondary outcomes also improved in both groups except RMI and MI in HI group. The change of all outcomes were not different between groups except RMI. The change of RMI in the LI group was greater than that in the HI group statistically, but it did not meet minimal clinically important difference.

Conclusions

The improvement of walking ability after LI or HI gait training was not different if providing the same total gait training time. By providing the electromechanical gait training intensively, we could shorten the gait training period to improve walking ability and customize the training program according to the patient training abilities.

Trial registration

Name of the registry: Clinical Research Information Service. Trial registration number: No. KCT0002195(RCT1), No. KCT0002552(RCT2). Date of registration: 10/04/2016(RCT1), 10/05/2017(RCT2). URL of the trial registry record: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search
Atherogenic index of plasma is an independent predictor of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Samimi Sahar , Rajabzadeh Sahar , Rabizadeh Soghra , Nakhjavani Manouchehr , Nakhaei Pooria , Avanaki Foroogh Alborzi , Esteghamati Alireza
Published: July 2022

Background

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is the leading cause of liver disease that can ultimately lead to cirrhosis. Identifying a screening marker for early diagnosis of MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) can reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the association between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and MAFLD in patients with T2D.

Method

A retrospective case–control study was conducted and medical records of patients with T2D were assessed. The baseline characteristics, anthropometric indices, laboratory measurements including liver functions tests, fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, lipid profile were documented.

Results

Out of 2547 patients with T2D, 824 (32.4%) had MAFLD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant difference in female-to-male ratio (1.11 vs. 1.33, OR = 0.347, P-value < 0.001), ALT (42.5 ± 28.1 vs. 22.4 ± 11.1, OR = 1.057, P-value < 0.001), and AIP (0.6 ± 0.3 vs. 0.5 ± 0.3, OR = 5.057, P-value < 0.001) between MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, respectively. According to the AIP quartile, the prevalence of MAFLD increased significantly in patients with higher AIP quartiles (P-value < 0.001). Also, we found a cut-off of 0.54 for AIP in predicting MAFLD in patients with T2D (sensitivity = 57.8%, specificity = 54.4%).

Conclusion

In this study, we found that AIP is a good and independent predictor for MAFLD in patients with T2D which could help physicians in early diagnosis and follow-up of patients with T2D.
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and associated malnutrition among under-fives in conflict affected areas in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Geleto Gosa Ebrahim , Kassa Tesfu , Erko Berhanu
Published: July 2022

Background

Globally, there were about 50.8 million internally displaced people in 2020, of whom 42% were in sub-Saharan Africa. In areas where there are conflicts, the humanitarian emergency makes infectious disease management extremely complex. Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are among the most common infections globally including in Ethiopia that thrives during complex emergencies. However, with regards to STHs, studies in the context of conflict areas have not been documented in Ethiopia.

Methods

In southern Ethiopia, a community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. Simple random sampling method was used to enroll a total of 405 under-fives. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Kato–Katz technique was used to examine stool specimens for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm spp. The Z-score for stunting, wasting and underweight were computed using the World Health Organization anthroprocedures.

Results

The respective prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection and malnutrition was 67.4% (273) and 54.2% (219). Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant helminth parasite with a prevalence of 90%, followed by T. trichiura (12%) and hookworm spp. (5%). STHs infection was significantly associated with under-nutrition (AOR: 1.88, CI 1.22–2.90) and internal displacement (AOR: 3.08, CI 1.17–8.09). Infection with A. lumbricoides was associated with both stunting and wasting (AOR: 3.04, CI 1.48–6.26) and (AOR: 3.51, CI 1.79–6.91), respectively.

Conclusions

Both soil-transmitted helminths and malnutrition were important public health problems among under-fives in the present conflict affected areas. Internal displacement, unimproved water, absence of latrine and sanitary services were among significant determinants for STH infections.
Childhood trauma in bipolar disorder: new targets for future interventions
Authors: Hett Danielle , Etain Bruno , Marwaha Steven
Published: July 2022

Childhood trauma, particularly emotional abuse, is prevalent in bipolar disorder, and affective instability mechanistically explains the relationship between childhood trauma and poor bipolar disorder outcomes. Yet, trauma-focused interventions in bipolar disorder are lacking. This editorial calls for future early interventions to target the effects of childhood trauma and affective instability in this population.
Therapy for Stage IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Driver Alterations: ASCO Living Guideline
Authors: Singh Navneet , Temin Sarah , Baker Sherman , Blanchard Elizabeth , Brahmer Julie R. , Celano Paul , Duma Narjust , Ellis Peter M. , Elkins Ivy B. , Haddad Rami Y. , Hesketh Paul J. , Jain Dharamvir , Johnson David H. , Leighl Natasha B. , Mamdani Hirva , Masters Gregory , Moffitt Pamela R. , Phillips Tanyanika , Riely Gregory J. , Robinson Andrew G. , Rosell Rafael , Schiller Joan H. , Schneider Bryan J. , Spigel David R. , Jaiyesimi Ishmael A.
Published: July 2022

Living guidelines are routinely updated guidelines that are developed for selected topic areas with rapidly evolving evidence that drives frequent change in clinical practice. These guidelines are updated on a regular schedule, based on the work of a standing panel that reviews the literature on a continuous basis. Updates will be made regularly and can be found at https://ascopubs.org/nsclc-da-living-guideline .

PURPOSE

To provide evidence-based recommendations updating the 2021 ASCO and Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) guideline on systemic therapy for patients with stage IV non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver alterations.

METHODS

ASCO updated recommendations on the basis of an ongoing systematic review of randomized control trials from 2020 to 2021.

RESULTS

This guideline update reflects changes in evidence since the previous update. Two studies provide the evidence base. Outcomes of interest include efficacy and safety.

RECOMMENDATIONS

For patients with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, a performance status (PS) of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, clinicians should offer alectinib or brigatinib or lorlatinib. For patients with an anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement, a PS of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, if alectinib, brigatinib, or lorlatinib are not available, clinicians should offer ceritinib or crizotinib. For patients with a RET rearrangement, a PS of 0-2, and previously untreated NSCLC, clinicians may offer selpercatinib or pralsetinib. In second line, for patients with a RET rearrangement who have not received RET-targeted therapy, clinicians may offer selpercatinib or pralsetinib. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/thoracic-cancer-guidelines .
Vanity and Luck in Adam Smith's Economic Growth
Authors: Paganelli Maria Pia
Published: July 2022

What are the causes of prosperity? In addition to the division of labor, saving, capital accumulation, and good institutions, Adam Smith explains opulence through vanity and luck, two variables we tend to forget today. For Smith, wealth comes from our propensity to better our condition, combined with freedom and the security of the law. The propensity to better our condition is grounded in our vanity and can take the form of both parsimony and prodigality. The laws that guarantee freedom and security seem to be more of an accident of history than deliberate attempts to create prosperity. For Smith, vanity and accidents play a relevant role in economic growth.
Mechanisms underlying WNT-mediated priming of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yoney Anna , Bai Lu , Brivanlou Ali H. , Siggia Eric D.
Published: July 2022

Embryogenesis is guided by a limited set of signaling pathways dynamically expressed in different places. How a context-dependent signaling response is generated has been a central question of developmental biology, which can now be addressed with in vitro models of human embryos that are derived from embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Our previous work demonstrated that during early stages of hESC differentiation, cells chronicle signaling hierarchy. Only cells that have been exposed (primed) by WNT signaling can respond to subsequent activin exposure and differentiate to mesendodermal (ME) fates. Here, we show that WNT priming does not alter SMAD2 binding nor its chromatin opening but, instead, acts by inducing the expression of the SMAD2 co-factor EOMES. Expression of EOMES is sufficient to replace WNT upstream of activin-mediated ME differentiation, thus unveiling the mechanistic basis for priming and cellular memory in early development.
Human neural progenitors establish a diffusion barrier in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane during cell division
Authors: bin Imtiaz Muhammad Khadeesh , Royall Lars N. , Gonzalez-Bohorquez Daniel , Jessberger Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Asymmetric segregation of cellular components regulates the fate and behavior of somatic stem cells. Similar to dividing budding yeast and precursor cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, it has been shown that mouse neural progenitors establish a diffusion barrier in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has been associated with asymmetric partitioning of damaged proteins and cellular age. However, the existence of an ER diffusion barrier in human cells remains unknown. Here, we used fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) imaging to show that human embryonic stem cell (hESC)- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells establish an ER diffusion barrier during cell division. The human ER diffusion barrier is regulated via lamin-dependent mechanisms and is associated with asymmetric segregation of mono- and polyubiquitylated damaged proteins. Further, forebrain regionalized organoids derived from hESCs were used to show the establishment of an ER membrane diffusion barrier in more naturalistic tissues, mimicking early steps of human brain development. Thus, the data provided here show that human neural progenitors establish a diffusion barrier during cell division in the membrane of the ER, which may allow for asymmetric segregation of cellular components, contributing to the fate and behavior of human neural progenitor cells.
A radiomics nomogram for predicting the meningioma grade based on enhanced T1WI images
Authors: Duan Chongfeng , Zhou Xiaoming , Wang Jiachen , Li Nan , Liu Fang , Gao Song , Liu Xuejun , Xu Wenjian
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to develop a radiomics nomogram for predicting the meningioma grade based on enhanced T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) images.

Methods:

188 patients with meningioma were analyzed retrospectively. There were 94 high-grade meningioma to form high-grade group and 94 low-grade meningioma were selected randomly to form low-grade group. Clinical data and MRI features were analyzed and compared. The clinical model was built by using the significant variables. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the most valuable radiomics feature. The radiomics signature was built and the Rad-score was calculated. The radiomics nomogram was developed by the significant variables of the clinical factors and Rad-score. The calibration curve and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were used to evaluate the radiomics nomogram. Different models were compared by Delong test and decision curve analysis curve.

Results:

The sex, size and surrounding invasion were used to build clinical model. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) of clinical model was 0.870 (95% CI: 0.782–0.959). Nine features were used to construct the radiomics signature. The AUC of the radiomics signature was 0.885 (95% CI: 0.802–0.968). The AUC of radiomics nomogram was 0.952 (95% CI: 0.904–1). The AUC of radiomics nomogram was higher than that of clinical model and radiomics signature with a significant difference (p＜0.05). The decision curve analysis curve showed that the radiomics nomogram had a larger net benefit than the clinical model and radiomics signature.

Conclusion:

The radiomics nomogram based on enhanced T1 weighted imaging images for predicting the meningioma grade showed high predictive value and might contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of meningioma.

Advances in knowledge:

1. We first constructed a radiomic nomogram to predict the meningioma grade. 2. We compared the results of the clinical model, radiomics signature and radiomics nomogram.
Στρατηγική συμπεριφορά πελατών σε συστήματα εξυπηρέτησης
Authors: Λογοθέτης Δημήτριος
Published: July 2022

Η παρούσα διατριβή αφορά τη μελέτη συστημάτων εξυπηρέτησης υπό ένα παιγνιο-θεωρητικό πλαίσιο, όπου οι πελάτες και ο διαχειριστής του συστήματος παρουσιάζουν στρατηγική συμπεριφορά. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, τα συστήματα εξυπηρέτησης μελετώνται από μια οικονομική προοπτική, όπου οι πελάτες και ο διαχειριστής θεωρούνται ενεργές οντότητες που λαμβάνουν αποφάσεις με οικονομικά κριτήρια. Οι αποφάσεις αυτές λαμβάνονται για τη μεγιστοποίηση της ωφέλειας τους, δεδομένης της δομής κόστους-αμοιβής του συστήματος, η οποία από την πλευρά των πελατών αντιπροσωπεύει την επιθυμία τους για εξυπηρέτηση και την απροθυμία τους να υποστούν χρονικές καθυστερήσεις λόγω της συμφόρησης. Οι αποφάσεις τους είναι επίσης στρατηγικές, με την έννοια ότι οι πεποιθήσεις των ατόμων για το πώς θα αποφασίσουν οι άλλοι, επηρεάζουν τις αποφάσεις τους. Έτσι, η όλη κατάσταση μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ως ένα παίγνιο μεταξύ των οντοτήτων, όπου ο πρωταρχικός στόχος είναι ο προσδιορισμός των στρατηγικών ισορροπίας και η μελέτη της επίδρασης τους στο συγκεκριμένο σύστημα εξυπηρέτησης. Από την άλλη πλευρά, ο διαχειριστής του συστήματος αποσκοπεί στη μεγιστοποίηση του κέρδους του συστήματος και μπορεί να ελέγχει την πολιτική υπηρεσιών (επιτρέποντας στους πελάτες να υπαναχωρήσουν ή όχι), την παροχή πληροφοριών (αποφασίζοντας ποιο επίπεδο πληροφοριών είναι το καταλληλότερο) και να ρυθμίζει (με έμμεσο τρόπο) τη ροή πελατών μέσω της τιμολόγησης. Σύμφωνα με αυτό το πλαίσιο, η διατριβή αποτελείται από τέσσερα ερευνητικά προβλήματα, τα οποία εστιάζουν σε διαφορετικές πτυχές της στρατηγικής συμπεριφοράς και αναλύεται η επίδραση της σε διάφορα συστήματα εξυπηρέτησης. Όσον αφορά τον τύπο των στρατηγικών αποφάσεων, διερευνώνται τρία διαφορετικά σενάρια: το δίλημμα εισόδου-αποχώρησης, το δίλημμα παραμονής-υπαναχώρησης και οι αποφάσεις δρομολόγησης, όταν υπάρχουν διάφορες επιλογές υπηρεσιών. Μελετάμε επίσης τον τρόπο με τον οποίο επηρεάζονται αυτές οι αποφάσεις από την παροχή πληροφοριών σχετικά με διάφορα χαρακτηριστικά του συστήματος, σε πραγματικό χρόνο, καθώς και την επίδραση ορισμένων πολιτικών λειτουργίας, όπως για παράδειγμα το αν θα επιτραπεί στους πελάτες να υπαναχωρήσουν ή όχι.
Efficient compressed sensing for wireless communication systems
Authors: Ξιφιλίδης Θεοφάνης
Published: July 2022

Τα τρέχοντα ανεπτυγμένα ασύρματα τηλεπικοινωνιακά συστήματα έχουν συνδεθεί άρρηκτα με τα μεγάλα δεδομένα εκφράζοντας μία εκρηκτική αύξηση των μεταδιδόμενων και επεξεργαζόμενων ετερογενών δεδομένων απαιτώντας μία χαμηλής πολυπλοκότητας και αποδοτικής χρήσης πόρων εξαγωγή πληροφορίας. Η παραπάνω αναγκαιότητα συνιστά και το κύριο κίνητρο για πλήρη κατανόηση των πλεονεκτημάτων και περιορισμών που διέπουν την ανάλυση της επίδοσης και τη σχεδίαση των τηλεπικοινωνιακών συστημάτων. Όπως και σε άλλες επιστημονικές περιοχές, η αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης των σύγχρονων τηλεπικοινωνιακών συστημάτων υποδηλώνει τη λεπτομερή διατύπωση ενός προβλήματος βελτιστοποίησης με σχετιζόμενους στόχους και περιορισμούς που βέλτιστα μοντελοποιούν τις πρακτικές απαιτήσεις του συγκεκριμένου προβλήματος που αντιμετωπίζεται. Για αυτό το στόχο, εκ των προτέρων πληροφορία για το συγκεκριμένο πρόβλημα αποδεικνύεται ότι συνεισφέρει στην απόκτηση μιας βέλτιστης λύσης. Η συμπιεσμένη καταγραφή αποτελείται από ένα σύνολο εργαλείων βελτιστοποίησης που αποτελεσματικά μετατρέπουν ένα δισεπίλυτο πρόβλημα όπως συνδυαστικής φύσης σε ένα πρόβλημα μειωμένης διάστασης με χαμηλή υπολογιστική πολυπλοκότητα και πολυπλοκότητα υλοποίησης. Έτσι, η συμπιεσμένη καταγραφή έχει ήδη μεταφερθεί σε στην αξιολόγηση της επίδοσης ασύρματων επικοινωνιακών συστημάτων λόγω του σημαντικού γεγονότος ότι η βολική ιδιότητα της δομής ως επιπλέον πληροφορίας επαληθεύεται και στο πεδίο των ασύρματων επικοινωνιών. Αποδοτικοί αλγόριθμοι που συνδυασμένα θεωρούν τους φυσικούς περιορισμούς του ασύρματου καναλιού, ως προς την αλλοίωση που προκαλεί στο μεταδιδόμενο σήμα, υπάρχουν ήδη και εξελίσσονται ταχύτατα. Η συγκεκριμένη διατριβή συνιστά την ενσωμάτωση της συμπιεσμένης καταγραφής και της θεωρίας πληροφοριών στην στατιστική μοντελοποίηση του ασύρματου καναλιού από την σημαντική σκοπιά της στατιστικής ανεξαρτησίας. Οι τυχαίοι μηχανισμοί αλλοίωσης του ασύρματου καναλιού θεωρούνται συγκεκριμένα προσθετικός θόρυβος και διαφοροποιημένες διαλείψεις. Επιπλέον, η αποδοτικότητα των πόρων προσαρμόζεται στη συγκεκριμένη διατριβή όπως την προσβασιμότητα της πληροφορίας σε ένα μεγάλης κλίμακας ανεπτυγμένο δίκτυο. Η παραπάνω στατιστική παραδοχή χρήσιμες πληροφορίες για την επίδοση οι οποίες επεκτείνονται με όρους σύγκρισης στην πιο πρακτική περίπτωση της συσχέτισης ως προς τις κατανομές του προσθετικού θορύβου και των διαλείψεων. Τέλος, η αξία αυτών των αποτελεσμάτων που εξάγονται σε αυτή τη διατριβή επιβεβαιώνεται από την διατύπωση των δυνατών εφαρμογών αυτών των αποτελεσμάτων ως προς τη θεωρία και τις αρχές της συμπιεσμένης καταγραφής στα επικοινωνιακά συστήματα τρέχουσας γενιάς. Μέσω αυτής της σχέσης, περιορισμοί των συστημάτων τρέχουσας γενιάς μπορούν να προάγουν περαιτέρω την επίδοση των συστημάτων αυτών και να παρέχουν κατευθυντήριες γραμμές ως προς τις πρακτικές θεωρήσεις σε συγκεκριμένες εφαρμογές ως κίνητρο για τη σχεδίαση βελτιωμένων μελλοντικών τηλεπικοινωνιακών συστημάτων.