bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Covariance Representation with Global Informative Prior for 3D Action Recognition
Authors: Zhang Jianhai , Feng Zhiyong , Su Yong , Xing Meng
Published: November 2021

For the merits of high-order statistics and Riemannian geometry, covariance matrix has become a generic feature representation for action recognition. An independent action can be represented by an empirical statistics over all of its pose samples. Two major problems of covariance include the following: (1) it is prone to be singular so that actions fail to be represented properly, and (2) it is short of global action/pose-aware information so that expressive and discriminative power is limited. In this article, we propose a novel Bayesian covariance representation by a prior regularization method to solve the preceding problems. Specifically, covariance is viewed as a parametric maximum likelihood estimate of Gaussian distribution over local poses from an independent action. Then, a Global Informative Prior (GIP) is generated over global poses with sufficient statistics to regularize covariance. In this way, (1) singularity is greatly relieved due to sufficient statistics, (2) global pose information of GIP makes Bayesian covariance theoretically equivalent to a saliency weighting covariance over global action poses so that discriminative characteristics of actions can be represented more clearly. Experimental results show that our Bayesian covariance with GIP efficiently improves the performance of action recognition. In some databases, it outperforms the state-of-the-art variant methods that are based on kernels, temporal-order structures, and saliency weighting attentions, among others.
Bi-Directional Co-Attention Network for Image Captioning
Authors: Jiang Weitao , Wang Weixuan , Hu Haifeng
Published: November 2021

Image Captioning, which automatically describes an image with natural language, is regarded as a fundamental challenge in computer vision. In recent years, significant advance has been made in image captioning through improving attention mechanism. However, most existing methods construct attention mechanisms based on singular visual features, such as patch features or object features, which limits the accuracy of generated captions. In this article, we propose a
Bidirectional Co-Attention Network (BCAN)
that combines multiple visual features to provide information from different aspects. Different features are associated with predicting different words, and there are
a priori
relations between these multiple visual features. Based on this, we further propose a bottom-up and top-down bi-directional co-attention mechanism to extract discriminative attention information. Furthermore, most existing methods do not exploit an effective multimodal integration strategy, generally using addition or concatenation to combine features. To solve this problem, we adopt the
Multivariate Residual Module (MRM)
to integrate multimodal attention features. Meanwhile, we further propose a Vertical MRM to integrate features of the same category, and a Horizontal MRM to combine features of the different categories, which can balance the contribution of the bottom-up co-attention and the top-down co-attention. In contrast to the existing methods, the BCAN is able to obtain complementary information from multiple visual features via the bi-directional co-attention strategy, and integrate multimodal information via the improved multivariate residual strategy. We conduct a series of experiments on two benchmark datasets (MSCOCO and Flickr30k), and the results indicate that the proposed BCAN achieves the superior performance.
Pedestrian-Aware Panoramic Video Stitching Based on a Structured Camera Array
Authors: Zhu Anqi , Zhang Lin , Chen Juntao , Zhou Yicong
Published: November 2021

The panorama stitching system is an indispensable module in surveillance or space exploration. Such a system enables the viewer to understand the surroundings instantly by aligning the surrounding images on a plane and fusing them naturally. The bottleneck of existing systems mainly lies in alignment and naturalness of the transition of adjacent images. When facing dynamic foregrounds, they may produce outputs with misaligned semantic objects, which is evident and sensitive to human perception. We solve three key issues in the existing workflow that can affect its efficiency and the quality of the obtained panoramic video and present Pedestrian360, a panoramic video system based on a structured camera array (a spatial surround-view camera system). First, to get a geometrically aligned 360○ view in the horizontal direction, we build a unified multi-camera coordinate system via a novel refinement approach that jointly optimizes camera poses. Second, to eliminate the brightness and color difference of images taken by different cameras, we design a photometric alignment approach by introducing a bias to the baseline linear adjustment model and solving it with two-step least-squares. Third, considering that the human visual system is more sensitive to high-level semantic objects, such as pedestrians and vehicles, we integrate the results of instance segmentation into the framework of dynamic programming in the seam-cutting step. To our knowledge, we are the first to introduce instance segmentation to the seam-cutting problem, which can ensure the integrity of the salient objects in a panorama. Specifically, in our surveillance oriented system, we choose the most significant target, pedestrians, as the seam avoidance target, and this accounts for the name
Pedestrian360
. To validate the effectiveness and efficiency of Pedestrian360, a large-scale dataset composed of videos with pedestrians in five scenes is established. The test results on this dataset demonstrate the superiority of Pedestrian360 compared to its competitors. Experimental results show that Pedestrian360 can stitch videos at a speed of 12 to 26 fps, which depends on the number of objects in the shooting scene and their frequencies of movements. To make our reported results reproducible, the relevant code and collected data are publicly available at
https://cslinzhang.github.io/Pedestrian360-Homepage/
.
Detecting Non-Aligned Double JPEG Compression Based on Amplitude-Angle Feature
Authors: Wang Jinwei , Huang Wei , Luo Xiangyang , Shi Yun-Qing , Jha Sunil Kr.
Published: November 2021

Due to the popularity of JPEG format images in recent years, JPEG images will inevitably involve image editing operation. Thus, some tramped images will leave tracks of
Non-aligned double JPEG
(
NA-DJPEG
) compression. By detecting the presence of NA-DJPEG compression, one can verify whether a given JPEG image has been tampered with. However, only few methods can identify NA-DJPEG compressed images in the case that the primary quality factor is greater than the secondary quality factor. To address this challenging task, this article proposes a novel feature extraction scheme based
optimized pixel difference
(
OPD
), which is a new measure for blocking artifacts. Firstly, three color channels (RGB) of a reconstructed image generated by decompressing a given JPEG color image are mapped into spherical coordinates to calculate amplitude and two angles (azimuth and zenith). Then, 16 histograms of OPD along the horizontal and vertical directions are calculated in the amplitude and two angles, respectively. Finally, a set of features formed by arranging the bin values of these histograms is used for binary classification. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results show that it significantly outperforms the existing typical methods in the mentioned task.
Vulnerability Forecasting: Theory and Practice
Authors: Leverett Éireann , Rhode Matilda , Wedgbury Adam
Published: November 2021

It is possible to forecast the volume of CVEs released within a time frame with a given prediction interval. For example, the number of CVEs published between now and a year from now can be forecast within 8% of the actual value. Different predictive algorithms perform well at different lookahead values other than 365 days, such as monthly, quarterly, and half year. It is also possible to estimate the proportions of that total volume belonging to specific vendors, software, CVSS scores, or vulnerability types. Some vendors and products can be predicted with accuracy, others with too much uncertainty to be practically useful. This article documents which vendors are amenable to being forecasted. Strategic patch management should become much easier with these tools, and further uncertainty reductions can be built from the methodologies in this article.
In Situ Stress Measurements on Thin Film Au Positive Electrode during the First Discharge of Li-O2 Batteries
Authors: Dykes Hannah , Rosy  , Sharon Daniel , Noked Malachi , Çapraz Özgür
Published: November 2021

The formation and growth of the Li2O2 discharge product impacts the reversibility of the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions in Li-O2 batteries which may lead to a shorter cycle life. A clear understanding of the surface reactions and the growth mechanism of Li2O2 requires probing dynamic changes on the surface of the positive electrodes in situ during the discharge of a Li-O2 battery. To investigate this, we establish an experimental system by adopting a multi-beam optical sensor (MOS) and developing a custom-made battery cell. First, the accuracy and reliability of the system was demonstrated by analyzing the stress accumulation on the Au negative electrode during Li plating/stripping, and the results were consistent with an earlier single-beam scanning deflectometry report. Then, the Li-O2 battery was discharged in LiNO3 in diglyme electrolyte by applying either linear sweep voltammetry or by applying constant current under an O2 environment. Control experiments in Argon-saturated electrolytes indicate surface stress generation due to charge-induced stress. The stress generation on Au positive electrode is attributed to the formation of Li2O2 reaction products on the Au surface and charge-induced stress.
Entropy Measurements of Li-Ion Battery Cells with Li- and Mn-Rich Layered Transition Metal Oxides via Linear Temperature Variation
Authors: Friedrich Franziska , Pieper Susanne , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: November 2021

Changes in the partial molar entropy of lithium- and manganese-rich layered transition metal oxides (LMR-NCM) are investigated using a recently established electrochemical measuring protocol, in which the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of a cell is recorded during linear variation of the cell temperature. With this method, the entropy changes of LMR-NCM in half-cells were precisely determined, revealing a path dependence of the entropy during charge and discharge as a function of state of charge, which vanished as a function of OCV. This observation is in line with other hysteresis phenomena observed for LMR-NCM, of which the OCV hysteresis is the most striking one. For a systematic investigation of the entropy changes in LMR-NCM, measurements were conducted during the first activation cycle and in a subsequent cycle. In addition, two LMR-NCM materials with different degrees of overlithiation were contrasted. Contributions from configurational and vibrational entropy are discussed. Our results suggest that the entropy profile during activation exhibits features from the configurational entropy, while during subsequent cycling the vibrational entropy dominates the entropy curve.
Enhancement of Charge Transfer in TiO2/BiOI Heterojunction Using BiFeO3 as Interface Modifier for Photoelectrochemical Conversion
Authors: Jiang Yuanyuan , Pathak Rajesh , Zhang Tiansheng , Xu Haibin , Li Xiaoyi , Jian Ronghua , Wu Fan
Published: November 2021

The solution-processed TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI ternary heterojunction with cascade energy level alignments was developed for photoelectrochemical conversion, in which, BiOI was deposited on BiFeO3 sensitized TiO2 mesoporous film by spin-coating method. BiFeO3 as ferroelectric material was served here as a mediator for improvement of charge separation and transfer. The photocurrent generation in TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI sample are very stable, even measured after 50 light on/off cycles with 2000 s. Moreover, compared with the TiO2/BiOI film, TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI film showed about twice as high photocurrent density and photocatalytic activity. Kelvin probe force microscope showed that the surface potential of TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI film was 0.456 V, which was obviously larger than 0.226 V in TiO2/BiOI sample. The increased surface potential should originate from the polarization electric-field E
self by BiFeO3 interlayer, in which the direction of electric-field was directed toward the BiOI. The presence of E
self consequently resulted in the better dissociation of photo-generated electrons and holes. Charge transport dynamics suggested that charge transfer rate increased from 6.813 s−1 of TiO2/BiOI heterojunction to 22.280 s−1 of TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI heterojunction, and surface charge recombination rate reduced from 10.305 s−1 of the TiO2/BiOI to 7.707 s−1 of TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI heterojunction, which results in the enhanced photoelectrochemical conversion in TiO2/BiFeO3/BiOI heterojunction.
Complete Three-Electron Vanadium Redox in NASICON-Type Na3VSc(PO4)3 Electrode Material for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Perfilyeva T.I. , Drozhzhin O.A. , Alekseeva A.M. , Zakharkin M.V. , Mironov A.V. , Mikheev I.V. , Bobyleva Z.V. , Marenko A.P. , Marikutsa A.V. , Abakumov A.M. , Antipov E.V.
Published: November 2021

Here we introduce a new NASICON-type Na3VSc(PO4)3 positive electrode material for Na-ion batteries demonstrating reversible (de)intercalation of 3 Na cations per formula unit within a wide voltage range with complex voltage-composition dependence. The total electrochemical capacity of the material is 170 mAh g−1 that corresponds to the complete three-electron V2+/V3+/V4+/V5+ process. All the (de)sodiation stages follow a predominantly solid-solution mechanism, as shown by operando X-ray powder diffraction. The oxidation of vanadium up to +5 upon the charge of Na3VSc(PO4)3 to 4.5 V vs Na/Na+ causes the significant transformation of the unit cell. According to ex situ Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy it is accompanied by the increasing distortion of the vanadium coordination environment and shortening of the vanadium-oxygen bonds. This leads to the irreversible character of the charge-discharge curve, and the initial structure can be restored after the strong overdischarge to ≈1.5 V vs Na/Na+.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-ζ1 deletion triggers defective heart morphogenesis in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Katraki-Pavlou Stamatiki , Kastana Pinelopi , Bousis Dimitris , Ntenekou Despoina , Varela Aimilia , Davos Constantinos H. , Nikou Sophia , Papadaki Eleni , Tsigkas Grigorios , Athanasiadis Emmanouil , Herradon Gonzalo , Mikelis Constantinos M. , Beis Dimitris , Papadimitriou Evangelia
Published: November 2021

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor ζ1 (PTPRZ1) is expressed in fetal but not adult heart and seems to affect heart development. In both mouse and zebrafish animal models, loss of PTPRZ1 results in dilated left ventricle cavity, decreased ejection fraction, and fraction shortening, with no signs of cardiac hypertrophy. PTPRZ1 also seems to be involved in atrioventricular canal specification, outflow tract morphogenesis, and heart angiogenesis. These results suggest that PTPRZ1 plays a role in heart development and support the hypothesis that it may be involved in congenital cardiac pathologies.
Leveraging avidin-biotin interaction to quantify permeability property of microvessels-on-a-chip networks
Authors: Gao Feng , Sun Haoyu , Li Xiang , He Pingnian
Published: November 2021

Our study developed a novel method that allows permeability coefficient to be measured in microvessels developed in nonpermeable microfluidic platforms using avidin-biotin technology. It overcomes the major limitation of nonpermeable microfluidic system and provides a simply designed easily executed and highly reproducible in vitro microvessel model with permeability accessibility. This model with in vivo-like endothelial junctions, glycocalyx, and permeability properties advances microfluidics in microvascular research, suitable for a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications.
Systems genetics analysis defines importance of TMEM43/LUMA for cardiac- and metabolic-related pathways
Authors: Gu Qingqing , Xu Fuyi , Orgil Buyan-Ochir , Khuchua Zaza , Munkhsaikhan Undral , Johnson Jason N. , Alberson Neely R. , Pierre Joseph F. , Black Dennis D. , Dong Deli , Brennan Jaclyn A. , Cathey Brianna M. , Efimov Igor R. , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Purevjav Enkhsaikhan , Lu Lu
Published: November 2021

Broad cellular functions and diseases including muscular dystrophy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC5) and cancer are associated with transmembrane protein43 (TMEM43/ LUMA). The study aimed to investigate biological roles of TMEM43 through genetic regulation, gene pathways and gene networks, candidate interacting genes, and up- or downstream regulators. Cardiac transcriptomes from 40 strains of recombinant inbred BXD mice and two parental strains representing murine genetic reference population (GRP) were applied for genetic correlation, functional enrichment, and coexpression network analysis using systems genetics approach. The results were validated in a newly created knock-in Tmem43-S358L mutation mouse model (Tmem43S358L) that displayed signs of cardiac dysfunction, resembling ARVC5 phenotype seen in humans. We found high Tmem43 levels among BXDs with broad variability in expression. Expression of Tmem43 highly negatively correlated with heart mass and heart rate among BXDs, whereas levels of Tmem43 highly positively correlated with plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Through finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between Tmem43S358L mutant and wild-type (Tmem43WT) lines, 18 pathways (out of 42 found in BXDs GRP) that are involved in ARVC, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease were verified. We further constructed Tmem43-mediated gene network, in which Ctnna1, Adcy6, Gnas, Ndufs6, and Uqcrc2 were significantly altered in Tmem43S358L mice versus Tmem43WT controls. Our study defined the importance of Tmem43 for cardiac- and metabolism-related pathways, suggesting that cardiovascular disease-relevant risk factors may also increase risk of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases via TMEM43-mediated pathways.
Development of Wireless Sensor Device for Machine English Oral Pronunciation Noise Detection
Authors: Zhu Yaning
Published: November 2021

There is often noise in spoken machine English, which affects the accuracy of pronunciation. Therefore, how to accurately detect the noise in machine English spoken language and give standard spoken pronunciation is very important and meaningful. The traditional machine‐oriented spoken English speech noise detection technology is limited to the improvement of software algorithm, mainly including speech enhancement technology and speech endpoint detection technology. Based on this, this paper will develop a wireless sensor network based on machine English oral pronunciation noise based on air and nonair conduction, reasonably design and configure air sensors, and nonair conduction sensors to deal with machine English oral pronunciation noise, so as to improve the naturalness and intelligibility of machine English speech. At the hardware level, this paper mainly optimizes the AD sampling, sensor matching layout, and internal hardware circuit board layout of the two types of sensors, so as to solve the compatibility problem between them and further reduce the hardware power consumption. In order to further verify or evaluate the performance of the machine spoken English speech noise detection sensor designed in this paper, a machine spoken English training system based on Android platform is designed. Compared with the traditional system, the training system can improve the intelligence of machine oriented oral English noise detection algorithm, so as to continuously improve the accuracy of system detection. The machine English pronunciation is adjusted and corrected by combining the data sensed by the sensor, so as to form a closed‐loop design. The experimental results show that the wireless sensor sample proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in detecting the accuracy of machine English oral pronunciation, and its good closed‐loop system is helpful to further improve the accuracy of machine English oral pronunciation.
A Prediction Model for Prediabetes Risk in Middle-Aged and Elderly Populations: A Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Wu Jiahua , Zhou Jiaqiang , Yin Xueyao , Chen Yixin , Lin Xihua , Xu Zhiye , Li Hong
Published: November 2021

Background. To investigate indicators for prediabetes risk and construct a prediction model for prediabetes incidences in China. Methods. In this study, 551 adults aged 40–70 years had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and normal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels at baseline. Baseline data including demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic profile measurements were collected. The associations between possible indicators and prediabetes were assessed by the Cox proportional-hazards model. The predictive values were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). Results. During an average of 3.35 years of follow-up, the incidence of prediabetes was found to be 19.96% (n = 110). In the univariate analyses, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), 2 h plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c, serum uric acid (SUA), waist circumference (WC), smoking, and family history of diabetes (FHD) were found to be significantly correlated with prediabetes. In the multivariable analyses, WC (hazard ratio (HR): 1.032; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.010, 1.053;

p
=
0.003

), FHD (HR: 1.824; 95% CI: 1.250, 2.661;

p
=
0.002

), HbA1c (HR: 1.825; 95% CI: 1.227, 2.714;

p
=
0.003

), and FPG (HR: 2.284; 95% CI: 1.556, 3.352;

p
<
0.001

) were found to be independent risk factors for prediabetes. A model that encompassed WC, FHD, HbA1c, and FPG for predicting prediabetes exhibited the largest discriminative ability (AUC: 0.702). Conclusions. WC, FHD, HbA1c, and FPG are independently correlated with the risk of prediabetes. Furthermore, the combination of these predictors enhances the predictive accuracy of prediabetes.
Alleviating Chilling Injury in Stored Pomegranate Using a Single Intermittent Warming Cycle: Fatty Acid and Polyamine Modifications
Authors: Taghipour Leila , Rahemi Majid , Assar Pedram , Ramezanian Asghar , Mirdehghan Seyed Hossein
Published: November 2021

Pomegranate is a perishable superfruit with important human health-promoting phytochemicals. The use of cold storage is inevitable for its long-term preservation. As pomegranate is sensitive to temperatures below 5°C, it is therefore necessary and worthwhile to introduce a postharvest technique that is safe, applicable, and commercially acceptable to maintain the fruit quality under a cold storage condition. The efficacy of intermittent warming (IW) in the form of a single warming period (1 day at 20°C with 70% relative humidity (RH) before returning the treated fruit to storage) during the cold storage of ‘Rabab-e-Neyriz’ pomegranate (70 days at 2 ± 0.5°C and 90 ± 5% RH) was evaluated. To find the best treatment time, warming was performed at 4 temporary interruption points in storage (after 15, 25, 35, or 45 days of storage). For each interruption date, the treated fruit were compared to the controls twice, once immediately after treatment and once at the end of the storage period. It was founded that a single warming period at the right time during cold storage (before irreversible damage occurs) activated multiple mechanisms and physiological responses in pomegranate fruit peel that are significantly responsible for alleviating the severity of chilling damage to this commodity. In other words, warming on the 15th day was the most efficient treatment, resulting in better preservation of unsaturated fatty acids from peroxidation, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and preservation of the unsaturated/saturated fatty acids (UFAs/SFAs) ratio (membrane integrity index) in the peel during storage and lower chilling injury symptoms. Moreover, the content of spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) (as important antioxidants acting as membrane safety agents) was significantly increased immediately after treatment, followed by a continuous increase in Spm and a higher level of Put compared to control until the end of storage.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Colonization in Early Life Ameliorates Inflammaging of Offspring by Activating SIRT1/AMPK/PGC‐1α Pathway
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Song Xueli , An Yaping , Wu Xuemei , Zhang Wanru , Li Jia , Sun Yue , Jin Ge , Liu Xiang , Guo Zixuan , Wang Bangmao , Lei Ping , Cao Hailong
Published: November 2021

Inflammaging refers to chronic, low‐grade inflammation during aging, which contributes to the pathogenesis of age‐related diseases. Studies have shown that probiotic intervention in the aging stage could delay aging‐related disorders. However, whether the application of probiotics in early life could have antiaging effects on offspring was unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization in early life on inflammaging of offspring. Pregnant mice with the same conception time were given LGG live bacteria (LC group) or LGG fixed bacteria (NC group) from the 18th day after pregnancy until natural birth. The progeny mice were treated with 107 cfu of live or fixed LGG for 0‐5 days after birth, respectively. LGG colonization could be detected in the feces of 3‐week offspring. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of 3‐week‐old offspring showed that colonization of LGG in early life could alter the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of LGG colonization in early life on the microbiota lasted to 8 months old. The abundance of longevity‐related bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia muciniphila) increased significantly in the LGG colonization group. In addition, LGG colonization increased the abundance of short‐chain fatty acid‐ (SCFA‐) producing bacteria and the production of cecal SCFAs. LGG colonization in early life protected the intestinal barrier, enhanced antioxidant defense, attenuated epithelial cell DNA damage, and inhibited intestinal low‐grade inflammation in 8‐month‐old progeny mice. Mechanically, LGG could upregulate Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/Adenosine 5 ′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator 1‐α (PGC‐1α) pathway and repress activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), while the protective effect of LGG was blunted after SIRT1 gene silencing. Together, LGG colonization in early life could ameliorate inflammaging of offspring, which would provide a new strategy for the prevention of age‐related diseases.
Open Set Sheep Face Recognition Based on Euclidean Space Metric
Authors: Xue Hongcheng , Qin Junping , Quan Chao , Ren Wei , Gao Tong , Zhao Jingjing
Published: November 2021

As the essential content of intelligent animal husbandry, identifying each livestock is the only way to achieve modern and refined scientific husbandry. This paper proposes a sheep face recognition method based on European spatial metrics and realizes noncontact sheep identity recognition by training the network using sheep face image samples in the natural environment. The SheepBase data set was first proposed in this process, which contains 6559 images of Inner Mongolia fine-wool sheep and Sunite sheep. To enhance the diversity of the data, the sheep face images were data-enhanced. Secondly, to solve the problems of more redundant information in the sheep face image and the poor posture and angle of the sheep face, we propose the sheep face detection and correction (SheepFaceRepair) method. This method aims to detect the sheep face area in the image to be recognized and align the sheep face area. On this basis, we offer an open sheep facial recognition network (SheepFaceNet) based on the European spatial metric. This method incorporates the biological identity information features of the sheep face to achieve sheep identity. We also tested the effectiveness of this method in the SheepBase data set. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper is much higher than the other methods, and the precision of recognition reaches 89.12%. In addition, we found that integrating the biometrics of the sheep face can effectively improve the network’s recognition capacity.
CMV-Related Gastric Ulcer and Gastroduodenitis in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Beany Andrawus , Rainis Tova
Published: November 2021

Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- related gastroduodenal infection is rare in immunocompetent hosts, and although it is considered a self-limiting condition in most cases, there is scarce literature to assert its management. Case Presentation. We report a case of a 66-year-old immunocompetent male patient diagnosed with a giant gastric ulcer caused by CMV infection. The ulcer manifested as refractory vomiting and melena. Rapid and full resolution was observed on proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy. Conclusion. Gastric CMV infection might mimic an advanced gastric tumor in individuals with an intact immune system. The condition is rare, and the diagnosis is challenging and oftentimes overlooked. However, a rapid resolution has been documented in all cases, even without antiviral therapy.
Salivary Biomarkers (Opiorphin, Cortisol, Amylase, and IgA) Related to Age, Sex, and Stress Perception in a Prospective Cohort of Healthy Schoolchildren
Authors: Krahel Anna , Paszynska Elzbieta , Otulakowska-Skrzynska Justyna , Rzatowski Szymon , Hernik Amadeusz , Slopien Agnieszka , Hanć Tomasz , Szczesniewska Paula , Bryl Ewa , Boucher Yves , Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor Marta , Gawriolek Maria , Dmitrzak-Weglarz Monika
Published: November 2021

Background. The use of easily accessible biomarkers for assessing young patients’ health is weighty. This cohort study is aimed at measuring stress/immune biomarkers in the saliva of healthy school-age children and comparing subgroups according to age, sex, and stress perception. Material and Methods. 503 children under 12 years old (8.7±1.3) were included with anthropometric evaluation (height, waist, hip circumference, body weight, and body mass index (BMI)). Levels of opiorphin (OPI), free cortisol, alpha-amylase (sAA), and secreted immunoglobulin (sIgA) were determined by quantitative assays (ELISA) in unstimulated saliva. Unpairedt-test, Welch test, and Mann–WhitneyUtest were applied for appropriate group comparisons, and the correlation between variables was analyzed with Spearman’s rank coefficient. Results were considered significant atp<0.05. Results. sIgA and sAA exhibited significant differences depending on age and sex: IgA (ng/mL):86±68.6vs.104.9±72.1for (6-7 y.o.) and (8-11 y.o.), respectively, and108.1±80.1vs.94.6±62.2for male and females, respectively; sAA (U/mL):78.9±54.4vs.100.5±81.2for (6-7 y.o.) and (8-11 y.o.). No difference related to age or sex between groups was observed for cortisol and OPI. However, OPI levels were higher and correlated to prior stress exposure in children (0.31±0.4vs.0.26±0.5 ng/mL,p=0.031). sAA was negatively correlated to low mood self-declaration in children in the last two weeks (r=−0.10,p=0.045). Conclusions. sIgA and sAA can be used as sex- and age-related biomarkers in children 6-12 y.o., which is not the case for free cortisol and opiorphin. However, OPI reflected previous exposure to stress, suggesting its use for evaluating stress-related changes in children
Multiobjective Differential Evolution with Discrete Elite Guide in Internet of Vehicles Roadside Unit Deployment
Authors: Wang Feng , Wang Chenle , Wang Kan , Jiang Qiaoyong , Wang Bin , He Wenjuan
Published: November 2021

In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), roadside units (RSUs) are installed at roadside and intersections to process vehicle‐to‐infrastructure communication, collect and analyse intelligent vehicle traffic data, send information to vehicles, and achieve early warning of safe driving of vehicles. Owning to the high cost of implementing and maintaining RSUs, it is of vital importance to determine where and how many RSUs to deploy. Optimal RSU deployment requires both a small number of RSUs and the maximum coverage of vehicle running process, which constitutes a conflicting multiobjective problem. Nevertheless, existing works do not explicitly utilize multiobjective algorithm to solve the RSU deployment problem. Therefore, a multiobjective differential evolution approach is proposed in this work to solve the problem. Firstly, to conquer the complexity of urban road RSU deployment, the static model is established. Secondly, in the proposed multiobjective differential evolution with discrete elitist guide (MODE‐deg), the sigmoid function is applied to discrete individual values. Finally, elitist individuals are selected based on crowding distance ranking and nondominated ranking to generate new individuals, which further improve the convergence speed and population performance. Experimental results show that MODE‐deg can generate the optimal nondominant solution set with good convergence and diversity, in contrast to other multiobjective evolutionary algorithms in five test functions of ZDT.
Efficient Semantic Enrichment Process for Spatiotemporal Trajectories
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liu Mingyu , Han Jingjing , Ji Genlin , Liu Xintao
Published: November 2021

The increasing availability of location‐acquisition technologies has enabled collecting large‐scale spatiotemporal trajectories, from which we can derive semantic information in urban environments, including location, time, direction, speed, and point of interest. Such semantic information can give us a semantic interpretation of movement behaviors of moving objects. However, existing semantic enrichment process approaches, which can produce semantic trajectories, are generally time‐consuming. In this paper, we propose an efficient semantic enrichment process framework to annotate spatiotemporal trajectories by using geographic and application domain knowledge. The framework mainly includes preannotated semantic trajectory storage phase, spatiotemporal similarity measurement phase, and semantic information matching phase. Having observed the common trajectories in the same geospatial object scenes, we propose a semantic information matching algorithm to match semantic information in preannotated semantic trajectories to new spatiotemporal trajectories. In order to improve the efficiency of this approach, we build a spatial index to enhance the preannotated semantic trajectories. Finally, the experimental results based on a real dataset demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approaches.
Intercropping and Nitrogen Fertilization Altered the Patterns of Leaf Senescence in Sorghum
Authors: Moi Peter E. , Kitonyo Onesmus M. , Chemining’wa George N. , Kinama Josiah M.
Published: November 2021

Leaf senescence regulates grain yield. However, the modulation of leaf senescence in sorghum under legume-based intercrop systems and nitrogen (N) fertilization is not known. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of intercropping two sorghum (Gadam and Serena) and cowpea (K80, M66) varieties and sole cropping systems and different fertilizer N rates (0, 40, and 80 kg·N·ha−1) on the time course of postflowering sorghum leaf senescence and understand how senescence modulates grain yield. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement with three replications. Leaf senescence was assessed from flowering to maturity at (a) whole-plant level by the visual scoring of green leaves and (b) flag leaf scale by measuring leaf greenness with a SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter. A logistic function in SigmaPlot was fitted to estimate four traits of leaf senescence, including minimum and maximum SPAD (SPADmin, SPADmax), time to loss of 50% SPADmax (EC50), and the rate of senescence. Irrespective of the cowpea variety, intercropping reduced sorghum grain yield by 50%. The addition of N increased yield by 27% but no effect was detected between 40 and 80 kg·N ha−1. Intercropping delayed leaf senescence at the whole plant by 0.2 leaves plant−1 day−1 but reduced SPADmax of the flag by 8 SPAD units and rate of senescence by 4 SPAD units day−1 compared with sole crop system. Fertilizer N delayed leaf senescence (

P
≤
0.05

) at whole-plant and flag leaf scales. Cropping System × nitrogen modulated senescence at whole-plant and flag leaf scales and sorghum grain yield but marginally influenced other traits. While EC50 did not correlate with grain yield, faster rates of senescence and leaf greenness were associated with high yield under the sole crop system. Overall, N was the main factor in driving sorghum leaf senescence while the intercropping effect on senescence was nonfunctional. Effects of competition in sorghum-legume intercropping and source-sink relationships on the patterns of leaf senescence deserve further investigation.
Meta-Analysis on the Improvement of Symptoms and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Tumors Based on Medical Care and Exercise Intervention
Authors: Le Qiqi , Wang Chengyan , Shi Qi
Published: November 2021

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa. It is the result of a combination of multiple factors, but the current research has not yet clarified its pathogenesis, so further research and exploration are needed. This article is mainly based on the meta-analysis of the improvement of gastrointestinal tumor-related symptoms and prognosis based on medical care and exercise intervention. The control group followed routine care after enrollment. In addition to routine care, patients in the intervention group exercised through assessment, formulation of exercise prescriptions, implementation of supervision, and adjustment. By viewing the subjects' physical examination reports, determine their blood routine, urine routine, blood lipids, blood sugar, liver and kidney function, and electrocardiogram examination. In this experiment, dual-contrast ultrasound in each T staging was greater than 0.8, indicating that the diagnostic method is very accurate in the preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer T staging. The results show that exercise intervention can improve the pain of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after chemotherapy, relieve cancer-induced fatigue, and improve the quality of life.
Intelligent Auxiliary Artificial Wood Plank Pattern Design Based on the Subject Search Algorithm of Multimedia Resources
Authors: Zhao Lihua
Published: November 2021

Regarding the restriction of the wood processing enterprises in the market, intelligent artificial wood materials are mainly based on the demand for pattern quality levels, and the calculation method of multimedia resource theme search is used to achieve the pattern design of intelligent auxiliary artificial wood materials. First, analyze the pattern characteristics of intelligent auxiliary artificial wood materials. After analyzing the characteristics, use the multimedia resource subject search calculation method to carry out the binarization design. At the same time, use the self-learning method to optimize the convergence efficiency and reduce the design time. Finally, pass the softmax designer extracts design schemes for patterns and straight lines.
An Exploratory Study on the Treatment of Obstructive Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome by Nasal Cavity Expansion
Authors: He Ling , Lin Zhijin
Published: November 2021

Background. Respiratory disorder is a disease with a very high incidence, in which obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome is the most harmful. It has become a common and frequently occurring disease, which seriously influences the health of the affected population. The pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is numerous. With the continuous research on OSAHS disease, it has been found that one of its main pathogeneses is caused by the anatomical characteristics of upper airway obstruction induced during sleep. The narrowing and collapse of any plane can affect the ventilation of the upper respiratory tract. In recent years, with the deepening of research, the importance of the upper respiratory tract obstruction as a source of the disease has attracted increasing attention. Nasal stenosis can cause increased nasal resistance, increased pharyngeal inhalation negative pressure, soft palate collapse, and narrow pharyngeal cavity, resulting in open mouth breathing, which can be the initiating factor of the upper airway obstruction. With the development and popularization of nasal endoscopy technology, domestic and foreign scholars have reported more on the treatment of rhinogenic OSAHS with nasal cavity expansion, but they are different. There is still more controversy; the main controversy centered on the effective rate of surgical treatment and the improvement of objective indicators. Therefore, this study performed individualized nasal cavity expansion for patients with OSAHS who are mainly rhinogenic, from subjective symptoms, objective indicators, and effective rate of surgery. Methods and Patients. Conduct research and analysis to provide references for the clinical treatment of such patients. For patients with the obstructive apnea-hypopnea syndrome with nasal congestion, individualized nasal cavity expansion was performed to study the clinical effect of nasal cavity expansion in the treatment of OSAHS. This article mainly screens cases through big data and selects a large hospital in China to perform individualized nasal cavity expansion surgery to treat 43 adult OSAHS patients with nasal congestion. Results. There are uploaded sleep monitoring, nasal reflex, nasal resistance, and nasal symptoms before and after surgery. Conclusion. Spirometer examination records, along with apnea-hypopnea index and minimum arterial blood oxygen saturation, the minimum cross-sectional area of the nasal cavity, nasal cavity volume, nasal airway resistance, total nasal respiratory volume, and other information. Also we fill in the nasal obstruction symptom assessment scale, sleepiness scale, and study and analyze the surgical effect of nasal cavity expansion.
Vasculitic Tibial Mononeuropathy Associated with Inherited Immune Dysregulation: A Review of Tibial Mononeuropathies with Electrodiagnostic Considerations
Authors: Liu James , Ding Yue , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Richardson James
Published: November 2021

Compressive tibial mononeuropathies are uncommon and can be caused by conditions including posterior compartment syndrome, soleal sling syndrome, and tarsal tunnel syndrome. Therefore, it is critical to consider noncompressive etiologies when a tibial mononeuropathy is suspected. This is a patient with a history of rare inherited immune dysregulation that presented to the electrodiagnostic laboratory with severe neuropathic pain in the right foot associated with plantarflexion weakness, concerning for a tibial mononeuropathy. However, the patient’s clinical presentation and results on electrodiagnostic testing were not consistent with any of the above entities. Therefore, noncompressive etiologies of tibial mononeuropathies such as vasculitis had to be considered. The patient subsequently underwent sural nerve biopsy which confirmed small-vessel vasculitis as the cause of the tibial mononeuropathy. She was then started on appropriate immunosuppressive treatment which resulted in significant pain relief and was discharged home. This case highlights the importance of considering noncompressive causes of tibial nerve injury. Compressive and vasculitic tibial mononeuropathies along with their electrodiagnostic considerations are reviewed. Furthermore, this case highlights the critical role of the electromyographer and ability to maximize the impact on patient care through a solid foundation in anatomy, pathophysiology, and electrodiagnosis blended with clinical acumen.
An Efficient Classification of Neonates Cry Using Extreme Gradient Boosting-Assisted Grouped-Support-Vector Network
Authors: Chang Chuan-Yu , Bhattacharya Sweta , Raj Vincent P. M. Durai , Lakshmanna Kuruva , Srinivasan Kathiravan
Published: November 2021

The cry is a loud, high pitched verbal communication of infants. The very high fundamental frequency and resonance frequency characterize a neonatal infant cry having certain sudden variations. Furthermore, in a tiny duration solitary utterance, the cry signal also possesses both voiced and unvoiced features. Mostly, infants communicate with their caretakers through cries, and sometimes, it becomes difficult for the caretakers to comprehend the reason behind the newborn infant cry. As a result, this research proposes a novel work for classifying the newborn infant cries under three groups such as hunger, sleep, and discomfort. For each crying frame, twelve features get extracted through acoustic feature engineering, and the variable selection using random forests was used for selecting the highly discriminative features among the twelve time and frequency domain features. Subsequently, the extreme gradient boosting-powered grouped-support-vector network is deployed for neonate cry classification. The empirical results show that the proposed method could effectively classify the neonate cries under three different groups. The finest experimental results showed a mean accuracy of around 91% for most scenarios, and this exhibits the potential of the proposed extreme gradient boosting-powered grouped-support-vector network in neonate cry classification. Also, the proposed method has a fast recognition rate of 27 seconds in the identification of these emotional cries.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: A Promising Therapeutic Alternative for Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Psilopatis Iason , Pergaris Alexandros , Giaginis Constantinos , Theocharis Stamatios
Published: November 2021

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract in the United States. Epigenetic alterations are implicated in endometrial cancer development and progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors are a novel class of anticancer drugs that increase the level of histone acetylation in many cell types, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptotic cell death. This review is aimed at determining the role of histone acetylation and examining the therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors in endometrial cancer. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms histone deacetylase, histone deacetylase inhibitor, and endometrial cancer were employed, and we were able to identify fifty-two studies focused on endometrial carcinoma and published between 2001 and 2021. Deregulation of histone acetylation is involved in the tumorigenesis of both endometrial carcinoma histological types and accounts for high-grade, aggressive carcinomas with worse prognosis and decreased overall survival. Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit tumor growth, enhance the transcription of silenced physiologic genes, and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in endometrial carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. The combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors with traditional chemotherapeutic agents shows synergistic cytotoxic effects in endometrial carcinoma cells. Histone acetylation plays an important role in endometrial carcinoma development and progression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors show potent antitumor effects in various endometrial cancer cell lines as well as tumor xenograft models. Additional clinical trials are however needed to verify the clinical utility and safety of these promising therapeutic agents in the treatment of patients with endometrial cancer.