bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
V CONGRESO DE EDUCACIÓN SALESIANA. Asociatividad juvenil y transformación socioeducativa para el desarrollo sostenible 15-16-17 noviembre 2022
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

La asociatividad juvenil es uno de los pilares fundamentales de la labor educativa en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. El tema fue protagónico durante el V Congreso de Educación Salesiana. En él se discutieron los efectos de la asociatividad juvenil en la transformación socioeducativa, considerando el aumento de desigualdades y vulnerabilidades en el ámbito educativo, especialmente tras la pandemia, que ha afectado gravemente a la juventud en América Latina y el Caribe. Las ponencias publicadas en este volumen abordan el tema y sus consecuencias, como el aumento del abandono escolar y el desempleo juvenil, a la vez que plantean temas de incidencia del sistema preventivo, la formación ética, ecológica y espiritual y el uso de herramientas tecnológicas en el ámbito educativo
Asociacionismo salesiano universitario, liderazgo juvenil y acción participativa postpandemia para la transformación social
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Andrade Martínez César Miguel
Published: November 2024

La enriquecedora experiencia en materia de enseñanza-aprendizaje extracurricular y los resultados positivos obtenidos desde los grupos juveniles del Asociacionismo Salesiano Universitario (ASU) en instituciones educativas de varios países del mundo reflejan la implementación del Sistema Preventivo de Don Bosco (SPDB) que, “ofrece una triple realidad dinámica, interrelacionada: un impulso pastoral, es decir, un proyecto educativo integral; una pedagogía como propuesta de vida cristiana y un método práctico” (Rodríguez, 2018, p. 76).
Innovación disruptiva en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de Lengua y Literatura a partir del uso de herramientas tecnológicas
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Cortez Solano Jenny Patricia
Published: November 2024

El interés por potenciar las habilidades tecnológicas dentro del entorno de enseñanza-aprendizaje de Lengua y Literatura se desarrolló en el contexto del aislamiento social a causa del COVID-19, lo que sin duda fue un verdadero reto para los docentes a nivel mundial, pues se requería la incorporación de nuevas metodologías al desarrollo de clases bajo la modalidad de telepresencia. Uno de los primeros problemas que atravesó este proceso fue mantener el interés de los estudiantes, debido a que se encontraban expuestos a diferentes estímulos: redes sociales, juegos en línea, música y vídeos que resultan siempre más atractivos que una clase tradicional.
Guía didáctica de escritura basada en el Diseño Universal de Aprendizaje (DUA)
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Esquivel Napoleón , López Patricio ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

El siguiente trabajo aborda la elaboración de una guía didáctica, que consiste en un recurso pedagógico empleado por el docente para organizar la acción formativa de los estudiantes durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje (González et al., 2018). La guía fue elaborada en base en el Diseño Universal del Aprendizaje (DUA), el diamante curricular y la misión y visión de la institución Fundación Don Bosco, para responder a las necesidades y la diversidad de niños y adolescentes que asisten a ese centro educativo.
Experiencias de enseñanza-aprendizaje en Educación Inicial con la aplicación del Diseño Universal de Aprendizaje en el contexto de la educación virtual producida por la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Montenegro Guevara Laura Elizabeth , Maila Males Grace Stefanía ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Vilañez Delgado Johan Santiago ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

Por la emergencia sanitaria que ha atravesado el mundo producto de la pandemia generada por el COVID-19, los niños tuvieron que cambiar su estilo de vida y aprendizaje regular de clases presenciales a clases virtuales. Esta transición permitió evidenciar que los educandos no aprendían de la misma manera, ni potenciaban sus destrezas y habilidades pues, al estar tras una pantalla, se coartaba su interacción y participación en su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Programa de actividades para el desarrollo de destrezas en niños de 2 a 23 meses de la comunidad Nueva Vida
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Reyes Ruiz María Inmaculada , González Rivera Pedro Luis ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

En la actualidad, los temas asociados a la educación inicial concentran su atención en promover el desarrollo integral de los niños desde los primeros años de vida. El desarrollo infantil es un proceso continuo y ordenado, que se inicia desde la concepción y continúa a lo largo de la vida, en el que se producen cambios graduales en todos los aspectos del ser humano y se va desarrollando por estímulos específicos del entorno que lo rodea.
Factores externos que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Jiménez Solano Vicente Mario , Villamar Muñoz Jessica Lourdes ,   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

El proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje es una de las tareas más criticadas y analizadas, ya que conduce a pensar: ¿De qué manera se puede mejorar el proceso educativo a fin de que sea significativo y asumido por el estudiante? Sin embargo, en este proceso se ve a la persona como un sujeto aislado, como alguien que responderá a todo modelo que se le proponga, cayendo en la tentación de homogeneizar a los sujetos; por esto es importante reflexionar sobre los factores que intervienen en el proceso educativo, ya que varios de esos procesos son intrínsecos, entre los que están la motivación, la salud y el sueño, que son parte interna del niño, niña y adolescente.
Precedentes y estándares fundamentales en materia constitucional. Comentarios a decisiones destacadas de la Corte Constitucional 2019-2025
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador
Published: November 2024

Este libro presenta un análisis profundo y sistemático de los precedentes y estándares fundamentales establecidos por la Corte Constitucional de Ecuador entre 2019 y 2025, destacando decisiones que han marcado el desarrollo del derecho constitucional en el país. La obra, elaborada por un grupo de académicos y juristas comprometidos con la interpretación y aplicación de la Constitución, ofrece una revisión crítica de sentencias clave en diversas áreas relacionadas con derechos fundamentales y principios constitucionales. Con el respaldo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana y la Corte Constitucional, esta obra aporta una herramienta valiosa para el estudio y la comprensión del derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. Dirigida a estudiantes, abogados, jueces y estudiosos de la materia, esta obra busca contribuir al fortalecimiento del Estado de derecho y a la protección efectiva de los derechos constitucionales en Ecuador.
Juzgar con perspectiva de género. La identificación de estereotipos en la jurisprudencia y un breve caso de cómo las mujeres pueden vestirse a su antojo
Authors:   Asesora de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, Terán Gabriela L.
Published: November 2024

A través de este breve artículo se pretende exponer y analizar uno de los principales casos en los que la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador se pronunció jurisprudencialmente respecto del ejercicio jurisdiccional con perspectiva de género, como una herramienta que contribuye a visibilizar y tratar las desigualdades que afectan a las personas, para poder repararlas y erradicarlas, incluso del imaginario judicial constitucional. En vista de que este artículo tiene como su corpus principal una sentencia del máximo organismo de justicia constitucional del Ecuador, se utilizará el análisis jurisprudencial como la principal herramienta, desde la cual se visibilizarán aportes transversales sobre la temática relacionada con un problema social que permea en el ejercicio del derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación.
Derechos de los animales. El impacto del Caso ‘Mona Estrellita’ en la jurisprudencia ecuatoriana
Authors:   Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Ecuador, Solano Paucay Vicente
Published: November 2024

En la última década, el reconocimiento de los derechos de la Naturaleza ha emergido como un enfoque revolucionario en el ámbito jurídico, ofreciendo la oportunidad de reconfigurar nuestras percepciones y estructuras sociales, políticas y jurídicas. Este paradigma innovador, destaca el potencial emancipador de estos derechos, los cuales desafían el antropocentrismo y abogan por la protección de todas las formas de vida desde una perspectiva contrahegemónica. Sin embargo, es crucial evaluar cuidadosamente las reformas normativas para evitar impactos negativos en los derechos humanos, asegurando su aplicación efectiva.
Accesibilidad e interseccionalidad en el derecho a la buena administración pública. Comentario a la sentencia 673-17-EP/23 sobre los derechos de una persona no vidente en situación de calle
Authors:   Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Ecuador, Parra Cortés Lina Victoria
Published: November 2024

La sentencia 673-17- EP/23 de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador (en lo sucesivo, la Corte) constituye un primer abordaje a un tema al que la jurisprudencia constitucional ha prestado poca atención en el país, las personas en situación de calle y sus derechos. Como se verá adelante, la Corte Constitucional aborda algunos aspectos relevantes como la vulnerabilidad y la especial afectación que sufren las personas en situación de calle en el goce de sus derechos y en acceso a servicios públicos. Es sin duda la sentencia hito en la materia, pues luego de navegar por el buscador de decisiones de la entidad, no se encontró otra sobre la temática. Esto releva su aspecto novedoso conforme la Ley Orgánica de Garantías Jurisdiccionales y Control Constitucional
La interpretación de la selva viva (kawsak sacha) en la Sentencia 60-19-AN/23, caso Sarayaku
Authors:   Universidad de las Américas, Morales Naranjo Viviana
Published: November 2024

Durante su primera experiencia sinestésica el pintor ruso Wassily Kandinsky, al escuchar la interpretación de la composición Loghenrin de Richard Wagner, transformó su forma de ver y sentir el mundo. Tras este encuentro sinestésico con el arte el profesor de derecho romano abandonó las leyes para estudiar pintura en la Academia de Bellas Artes de Múnich, convirtiéndose años más tarde en uno de los principales referentes del arte abstracto. Una pieza musical, al igual que cualquier manifestación humana —como las decisiones judiciales, por ejemplo— puede ser percibida no solo a través del oído y la vista sino por medio del tacto, el olfato, el corazonar.
A percepção materna sobre o processo de descoberta do diagnóstico de Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus
Authors: Dos Ramos Tamires Nascimento , De Sousa Lucivanda Cavalcante Borges , Nascimento Iasmim Oliveira , Arrais Roney da Silva
Published: November 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: O nascimento de uma criança que não corresponda às expectativas maternas, uma criança atípica, que nesse estudo é representado pela Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZ), é algo de grande impacto na vida dessas mulheres, e o momento do diagnóstico é a principal representação de quebra dessa expectativa. OBJETIVO: Compreender o processo de descoberta do diagnóstico da SCZ do filho(a) e seus impactos na dinâmica familiar, e na relação mãe-filho. MÉTODO: Foram entrevistadas 11 mães de crianças diagnosticadas com a infecção por Zika vírus, residentes na região Nordeste do país. RESULTADOS: Mostraram que o momento do diagnóstico impacta negativamente na experiência dessas mulheres, levando-as a um complexo processo de aceitação e em uma mudança de rotina representada pela sobrecarga e desemprego que são potencializadores do sofrimento psíquico. Os resultados foram discutidos com base na literatura sobre a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus, Psicologia Perinatal, Parentalidade e Desenvolvimento Humano. CONCLUSÃO: Os objetivos foram alcançados, revelando a repercussão significativa na vida dessas mães a partir do diagnóstico.
A Sedimentological Study of Manganese Powder from Devada, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Dhana Raju R. , Krishna Rao J. S. R.
Published: November 2024

Though much work has been done on the manganese ore deposits of Koduru, Devada, Duvvam and Garividi, no attempt has been made so far to study the powder form occurring as thin beds Intercalated with the primary ore bands. Therefore, an attempt is made in the present paper to know the source of the manganese powder, its depositional environment, mineral constituents and textural features. For this purpose, the manganese powder from Devada was subjected to magnetic separation, and the magnetic and non-magnetic parts were analysed by size analysis, ore microscopic and X-ray studies.

The following are some of the Significant conclusions arrived at from this investigation (1) From the size analysis it is shown that the source of the manganese powder is very near and almost in situ, and the powder was formed due to crushing from the primary bedded ores. (2) The elongation and roundness studies show that most of the grams are not spherical, the average length is about 1.4 to 1.7 times the average width; and this also indicates a near source for the manganese powder. (3) The magnetic part consists of vredenburgite, magnetite and hematite with little pyrolusite, while the non-magnetic part comprises pyrolusite, psilomelane, hematite, hollandite, braunite, bixbyite, geothite and limonite. (4) A new mineral, quenselite (PbMnO2(OH)) is reported for the first time from this area. (5) The magnetic susceptibility of different powder fractions is correlated with the amount of the sum of vredenburgite and magnetite; of these, coarse fractions contammg much vredenburglte are having high magnetic susceptibilies.
Significance of Grain Size Frequency Data in Interpreting Depositional Environment of the Permian Barakar Sandstone in Rajmahal Basin, Bihar
Authors: Khan Zahid A.
Published: November 2024

The Barakar sandstones are medium to coarse grained, poorly sorted, nearly symmetrical, and leptokurtic sands. The variations in mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis indicate change in environmental energy conditions. Environmental interpretations indicate that the Barakar sandstones closely resemble modern fluvial sands rather'than either dune or beach sediments.
Effect of Pumping a Leaky Aquifer on Source Beds - A Case Study
Authors: Jagannathan V.
Published: November 2024

As a result of contribulion by leakage to a semi-confined aquifer when it is pumped, water levels decline in the source beds. In the phreatic aquifer, a sympathetic cone of depression is developed and its magnitude is determined by its specific yield and radius of influence of the leaky confined aquifer. Equations are presented for describing the drawdowns in the source bed and for determining its storage characteristics. These are illustrated with the results of a hydrological test conducted in the Sutlej basin.
Grunerite from Garnet-Ankerite-Siderite Magnetite Assemblage from Huliyar, Tumkur District, Karnataka
Authors: Nadagouda D. B. , Hanagodimath R. S.
Published: November 2024

Grunerite is a characteristic mineral of metamorphosed iron-rich siliceous sediments. Though it occurs commonly in the oxide, silicate and carbonate facies of banded iron formations, its association with ankerite, garnett siderite and magnetite appears to be somewhat rare. Detailed petrographic, optical ana chemical studies together with X-ray diffraction pattern of the separated amphibole from the ankerite-siderite-garnet assemblage from Huliyar indicate that the amphibole belongs to the grunerite end member [82% Fe7Si8O22(OH2)] of the cummingtonite-grunerite series.
Vengad Conglomerate of Wynad Schist Belt, Kerala
Authors: Raghavan Nambiar A.
Published: November 2024

The Vengad Conglomerate is a basal polymict conglomerate, separating the high-grade Wynad Group of rocks from the low grade Vengad Group. The conglomerate along with the other members of the Vengad Group has undergone two phases of deformation and has attained lower amphibolite facies metamorphism. The petrography and chemistry of the pebbles and the matrix indicate the source area to be a mixed terrain consisting of tonalite-trondhjemite gneisses, mafic-ultramafic rocks, quartzites and quartz veins.
Multiple Deformation in the Almora Group of Rocks Around Paharpani, District Nainital (U.P.)
Authors: Goel O. P. , Kandpal G. C. , Garhia S. S.
Published: November 2024

The medium grade metasedimentary rocks of Precambrian age around Paharpani, occurring in association with magmatites, gneisses, granites and/or granodiorites constitute a part of the Almora Group. The rocks show complex structures resulting from multipe deformations. Mesoscopic and macroscopic struc1ures indicate that the intense first deformation produced tight to isoclinal reclined folds (F1), leading to thrusting of the Almora Group of rocks over the low grade metasedimentary rocks of the Ramgarh Group along the South Almora Thrust. The effect of less severe deformation on these F1 folds was the formation of warps, crenulations and upright to inclined folds (F2), which show a variation in trend from NW/WNW to SE/ESE and plunge from 12° to 40°, The last phase of deformation produced NNE-ENE trending asymmetrical, open folds (F3) and crenulations. Superposition of F2 folds has resulted in type 1 interference patterns of Ramsay.
Space-Time Controls in Precambrian Uranium Mineralisation in India
Authors: Mahadevan T. M.
Published: November 2024

A review of the geochronological and stratigraphic data of the Indian Precambrian in relation to the major uranium mineralised belts in India brings out the time as we11 as space-bound character of the uranium mineralisation. An early period of quartz-pebble conglomerate type mineralisation met with in parts of South Karnataka, Eastern India and parts of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan falls in the timeband of 2900-2600 milion years. The hydrothermal shear-controlled mineralisation occurring along the Singhbhum shear zone of Bihar and in the shears dissecting the Dongargarh system of Madhya Pradesh have a time-range of 1400-1600 million years. The next inferred period is between 1200 and 700 million years and includes the mineralisation episodes in the granulite mobile belt of the Southern Peninsular Shield, the Sarguja-Palamau area of the Chotanagpur migmatite-granulite belt and the Sikar-Dariba-Mahendragarh region in Rajasthan. Uranium mineralisation along the MCT region of Himalaya is of two periods, an early shear controlled disseminated mineralisation in the time range of 1200-1400 million years and a subsequent vein-type around 750 million years.

The distribution of geochemically enriched zones with special reference to uranium in space is controlled by many geological and regional factors arising from the styles or evolution of the Precambrian crust. These include-(i) The restriction of quartz-pebble conglomerates to the late Archaean crust and specific sedimentary environments of fluvial regimes, (ii) The paucity of uranium in the tonalite crust and its enrichment in K-rich granitoids wit11 higher Rb, (iii) depletion of uraniumin the granub ite crust and enrichment ia lower grade metamorphic belts and (iv) remobilisation and localisation of uranium deposits in major zones of crustal dislocation, especially along cratonic boundaries with mobile belts and within mobile belts. Recognition of these criteria helps in understanding the distribution of known belts of U enrichment and choosing areas for further exploration.

A comparison of the periods of uranium mineralisation with the suggested chelogenic cycles brings out a broad correlation, but such a relationship may prove to be rather limited when new discoveries of uranium are made especially of low grade ores, since chelogenic events are episodic, while crustal processes are continuous.
Igneous Source of Sulfur of Sulfides from Madhan-Kudhan and Kolihan Deposits, Khetr Copper Belt, Rajasthan
Authors: Jaireth S.
Published: November 2024

δ34S values of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite from the two deposits have been interpreted following 'Ohmoto-procedure'. Analysis of appropriate logaO2-logaS2 diagram shows that a hydrothermal fluid having sulfur with δ34S values varying between + 3‰ to +5‰ explains best the recorded range of δ34S values. Such a sulfur in hydrothermal fluid can be derived frem an igneous source only.
Chrysoberyl Pegmatites of South Kerala and their Metallogenic Implications
Authors: Soman K. , Nair N. G. K. , Druzhinin A. V.
Published: November 2024

Recent investigations prove that the southern part of Kerala and the adjoining areas further to the south in Tamil Nadu constitute a chrysoberyl-pegmatite field in the granulite terrain of southwestern India. Gem stones like chrysoberyl and its varieties, sapphire, topaz and zircon are mostly derived from pegmatites, though some come from the alluvial beds also. Chrysoberyl-pegmatites occur in a predominantly garnet-sillimanite ± graphite gneissic terrain with intermittent bands of garnet-biotite gneiss and enderbites. Geochronological data reveal that the pegmatites were emplaced 445-474 m.y. ago. Fluid inclusion studies show that the pegmatite minerals contain liquid carbon dioxide and give an entrapment temperature of 500-570°C. CO2 densities permit a pressure estimate of 250 Mpa and more, which is also consistent with the sillimanite-andalusite and quartz-chrysoberyl associations in the pegmatites. The similarities in geology, the ages of pegmatites and granites and also the mineral composition of pegmatites of southwestern India and the alluvial gem gravels of Sri Lanka suggest that the al1uvial gem beds of Sri Lanka may also be of pegmatitic origin.
Some Geological Observations on the Area Between Khalsar and Darbuk in the Shyok Valley, Ladakh
Authors: Rai Hakim
Published: November 2024

The study of the area between Khalsar and Darbuk, in the Shyok Valley, reveals that ophiolitic melange with granitic intrusions is dominating. The Khardung acid volcanics do not extend to the east as was shown in earlier maps. Rocks of this area are the continuation of the Shyok tectonic zone.
Iron-Formation of the Chiknayakanhalli Greenstone Belt, Karnataka, India
Authors: Devaraju T. C. , Anantha Murthy K. S. , Khanadali S. D.
Published: November 2024

The iron-formation of the Chiknayakanhalli (CN Halli) greenstone belt constitutes the youngest lithological unit of the late Archaean supracrustal geosynclinal sequence (3 to 2.4 b.y. old) which unconformably overlies the older (3 b.y.) granitic gneisses. They are consistently located in the core parts of the synclinal fold structures and occur over-lying either carbonates or chlorite schists. There are four main sedimentary facies, viz., oxide - (OF), mixed oxide-silicate - (MOSF), mixed oxide.silicate carbonate-(MOSCF), . and carbonate-facies-(CF) constituting the iron-formation, All the facies types are strongly banded on metre to micron scale and frequently show small to large scale fold structures of both depositional and tectonic origin. While the lighter bands account for 43 to 57 per cent of the rocks and contain either silica (chert to quartz) and lor silicate (grunerite), the dark bands are chiefly made up of hematite, magnetite and goethite in OF, magnetite in MOSF, siderite and magnetite in MOSCF and ankerite-ferroan ankerite in CP. Although some of hematite and goethite could be interpreted as secondary after magnetite, a good proportion of these and the bulk of magnetite are syngenetic sedimentary. Grunerite appears to have been derived by the metamorphism of the precursor minnesotaite. The striking simplicity in chemical composition and distinctly low minor and trace element contents .are in accordance with the formation of eN Halli Iron-Formation through the process of inorganic chemical deposition. The carbonates underlying the iron-formation show upward iron enrichment and the iron-formation is interpreted as terminal phases of chemical sedimentary carbonate deposition in an essentially 'quiet' and' closed' environment.
Main Features of the Precambrian Banded Iron-Formations of Finland
Authors: Laajoki Kauko
Published: November 2024

Precambrian banded (cherty) Iron-Formations are encountered in Finland in four main rock associations: 1) Late Archaean (c.2800 Ma) occurrences hosted either by greenstones or turbiditic schists in eastern and northern Finland. 2) Early Proterozoic (Lapponi) (>2200 Ma) iron-formations associated closely with metavolcanics in Central Lapland. 3) Early Proterozoic (Karelia) (c. 2050 Ma) metasedlment-hosted occurrences in Kainuu. 4) Early Proterozoic (Svecofennia) (c. 1900 Ma) occurrences hosted either by metavolcanics or metasediments in southern and central Finland.

The occurrences are mostly relatively small and of low grade (Fetot mostly below 30%). With the exception of central Lapland, the occurrences are relatively highly metamorphosed. representing the medium grade as revealed by the fact that grunerite or other iron-rich amphiboles and garnet are commonly present; pyroxene is encountered in only one locality. The low grade Kittila occurrences in Lapland are distinguished by stilpnomelane, biotite, Fe-chlorite and carbonate with minor minnesotaite.

Chemically, the Finnish occurrences are like the iron-formations described from the other Precambrian shields. The Kainuu occurrences and at least a part of the Lapponi occurrences are. however, unusually rich in phosphorus; the average P205, content being c. 2.5% at Puolaoka. Phosphorus occurs as discrete phosphorite (apatite) bands some millimetres thick. Manganese-bearing types are encountered in Kittila and Kainuu.
Proterozoic Conglomerates of Bar, Debari, Umra and Jaisamand in South Central Rajasthan - A Study in Strain Analysis
Authors: Bhattacharya P. , Banerjee D. M.
Published: November 2024

Dunnet's matching curve technique has been applied for evaluating the finite strain of basal conglomerate clasts occurring at the base of Delhi as well as Aravalli rock formations. The study revealed that deformation shown by the enclosing clasts are close to the theoretical values.
Secondary and Primary Growths in the Zircons from Paragneisses and Migmatites of Arvika (Sweden) and Nelaug (Norway) Regions
Authors: Gupta L. N.
Published: November 2024

Secondary growths which include overgrowths, outgrowths, and multiple growths are formed during metamorphism and partial melting. Primary growths include growth twins and parallel growths. Twinning may occur during the early crystallization of zircon in magmatic rocks. The process of synneusis may result in parallel growths or attachment of zircons that have initially undergone separate growth histories.

The occurrence of primary growths in paragneisses and migmatites is due to their derivation from magmatic sources and their survival during mechanical transportation and crushing of the samples at the time of separation.
Seismicity of the North-East India Region Part II: Earthquake Swarms Precursory to Moderate Magnitude to Great Earthquakes
Authors: Gupta Harsh K. , Singh H. N.
Published: November 2024

Since 1897, ten earthquakes of M ≥ 7½ have occurred in north-east India region and its vicinity including the great earthquakes of June 12, 1897 and August 15, 1950, both of M 8.7. The last earthquake belonging to this category, occurred on August 17, 1952. With the exception of three earthquakes, others are found to be associated with the epochs of background/normal seismicity, precursory swarm, quiescence and mainshock (and the associated foreshocks and aftershocks). In our investigations, the earthquake data have been critically examined and taking due care of prevalent location - capabilities and other parameters. The mainshock magnitude (Mm) is related to the magnitude of the largest events in the swarm (̅Mp) and the time interval Tp (in days) between the beginning of the swarm and the main shock. The regression equations are:

                                 Mm = 1.37  ̅Mp - 1.41

and                            Mm = 3 log10 Tp - 3.27

Installation of the World Wide Standard Seismograph Network during 1962-63 improved the earthquake detection and location capabilities considerably in the northeast India region and all earthquakes of mb ≥ 4.5 are being located. Consequently, for the period 1963 through 1985, we have investigated all events of mb ≥ 6.1 for occurrence of precursory swarms. Ten such events have occurred, four of which in a quick succession in the Arakan Yoma fold belt within a time span of six months only, and constitute a well defined swarm. Two other earthquakes are possibly gap events of Arakan Yoma swarm. Out of the remaining four, three are found to be associated with epochs of normal/background seismicity, precursory swarm, quiescence and main. shock (and the associated foreshocks and aftershocks). The latest killer earthquake in northeast India of Dec. 30, 1984 of mb 5.6, which occurred in the vicinity of the Arakan Yoma fold belt and Shillong Plateau, was preceded by a well-defined precursory swarm and seismic quiescence.

The most important thing is to recognize the precursory swarms and quiescence in real time, before the occurrence of the main shock. We believe to have recognized one such sequence in the vicinity of Arakan Yoma fold belt. On the basis of Mp and Tp values, lateral extent of the swarm activity and the fact that no event of mb ≥ 6.1 has occurred since 1975 in the preparation zone defined by the 1963-65 swarm, we estimate that an earthquake of M 8 ½ could occur any time from now in an area bound by 21°N and 25½°N latitudes and 93°E and 96°E longitude, with a focal depth of 100±40km.

We have also recognized a region in Eastern Syntaxis where repeated swarms have occurred during 1968, 1977 and 1980. The largest events in these swarms, however, were only of mb 5 and the swarms were very localized. These may have been caused by magmatic emplacement at shallow crustal depths.
A Note on Fossil Bovids from Nittur, District Bellary, Karnataka
Authors: Sathe V. G. , Salahuddin  , Badam G. L.
Published: November 2024

A rich fossil bovid assemblage recovered from Nittur in Karnataka in association with Lower Palaeolithic tools is one of the very few fossil discoveries made from the Krishna basin. The antiquity of man-animal relationship in the area is pushed back to the Late Pleistocene times. The discovery has also a bearing on the palaeoecological conditions obtaining around Nittur during Late Pleistocene period.
Dolomitisation of Micritic Limestones in Deeper Water Proterozoic Limestone-Shale Alternations, Larji Window, Lesser Himalayas, Northwest, India
Authors: Gundu Rao C. , Sharma Dwijendra K.
Published: November 2024

The dun pink micritic limestone and purple shale alternations unit resemble the deeper Water carbonates. The dull pink micritic limestones of the unit give a weak 1:4 dilute acid reaction and negative test for Mann's stain solution for dolomite. Despite this, the samples showon XRD Charts, a prominent peak for ordered dolomite (104) 2.88 Å to the total exclusion of calcite. The important point of the present example is, despite complete dolornitisation, the resulting dolostone neither shows change in porosity nor in size and shape of the micritic particles. The kind and intensity of dolomitisation observed in the present example are difficult to explain in terms of the existing dolomitisation models for deeper water limestones.
REE Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Ultramafic Rocks of Chalk Hills, Salem
Authors: Kutty T. R. N. , Murthy S. R. N. , Anantha Iyer G. V.
Published: November 2024

REE geochemistry of plagioclase-free, plagioclase-bearing and titanoclinohumite-bearing ultramafic suite of Chalk Hills is presented. The rare earth elements are determined by spark source mass-spectrography combined with a preanalytical chemical concentration reaching ± 4 accuracy and 0.01 ppm detection limit. Plagioclase-free ultramafics are 10 times LREE depleted. while HREE abundance is 1-2 times those of chondrite. Since the samples are not serpentinised, these REE patterns are considered to be primary and compare well with those of high temperature peridotites, particularly on CeN-YbN diagram. The plagioclase-bearing ultramafics and the gabbros have LREE contents 4-22 times chondritic, while the HREE varies from 2-12. The REE patterns of ultramafics from the smaller body show uniform increase in (La/Yb)N ratios from 7 to 15. Higher abundance levels of incompatible alkali elements which do not correlate with the MgO contents, may suggest metasomatic introduction of these elements into the smaller body.

Petrogenetic modeling, based on partial melting of spinel peridotites as the source rocks with 2 times chondritic abundance, points towards the residual nature of the plagioclase-free ultramafics after extracting 8-10% of the melt. On the other band, the observed REE patterns of the plagioclase-bearing ultramafics and the gabbros not only indicate the absence of rocks more siliceous than syenogabbros but also suggest that they represent compositions of a depleted parent melt from which they originated. Thus the ultramafic association of Chalk Hills is distinctly different from the igneous suites associated with ophiolites and alpine peridotites.
Proto-Penner River Course and its Role in the Distribution of Alluvial Diamonds: An Evidence from Landsat Data
Authors: Chetty T. R. K. , Satyanarayana Rao R.
Published: November 2024

A possible Proto-Penner river course, running in a NNE direction from the elbow of capture near Penna Ahobilarn and joining the river Tungabhadra near Kurnool, in Andhra Pradesh, has been inferred from a Satellite Remote Sensing based geomorphic study. Occurrence of lag-gravel and diamonds, remnant alluvial tracts, anomalous drainage pattern, etc. are cited as evidences. Some potential areas such as remnant alluvial patches along Proto-Penner river course and alluvial plains along adjacent streams and topographic depressions are indicated as possible areas for alluvial diamond exploration. Various geomorphic features occurring in Archaean denudational hill province and Cuddapah structural hill province are delineated.
A Note on the Lower Miocene and Recent Species of the Ostracode Genus Loxoconchella from India
Authors: Khosla S. C. , Nagori M. L.
Published: November 2024

Three taxa of the ostracode genus Loxoconchella are described and illustrated. Of these, two species - L. multibullata n. sp, and Loxoconchella sp. - are recorded from the Quilon beds (Lower Miocene) of Kerala and one species - L. dorsobullataokhaensis n. subsp, - from the shallow water near Okha Port, Gulf of Kachchh.
Satellite Magnetic Map and Tectonic Correlation
Authors: Mishra D. C.
Published: November 2024

The satellite magnetic data (MAGSAT) over India is analysed with reference to the major tectonic elements of the country. The recorded magnetic anomaly varies from +6 gamma over the eastern part of the Indian shield to -9 gamma over the Himalayas. Deccan Trap is characterized by 'nosing' of the magnetic contours. Tibet plateau and Shillong massif show distinct magnetic anomalies. The magnetic crust derived from this data depicts a variation from 30 km under the Cambay basin and the western part of the Narmada-Son lineament to 40 km under the Aravallis and 42 km under the-Singhbhum and the Dharwar cratons. The general thickness of the magnetic crust under the Himalayas is 35-36 km with a thickening of 2-4 km under the Tibet plateau and the Shillong massif.
Non Penetrating Wells for Characterising Aquifer Constants
Authors: Gupta S. K.
Published: November 2024

Hydraulics of flow in cavity wells can be aproximated to unsteady state flow in spherical coordinates. The equation proposed by Chauhan et al (1975) can be used for non-leaky aquifer conditions placing the piezometer at a distance exceeding 20 times the radius of the cavity. Solutions to the equation can be found graphically by match point technique or using inverse 'lerfc' function. Solutions are yet to be developed for finite radius wells in leaky aquifer conditions or when source boundaries are present.
Global Hydrogeological Cyclicity
Authors: Bogomolov Yu. G. , Usenko V. S. , Beletsky S. S.
Published: November 2024

An in-depth analysis of the origin of the lithosphere and hydrosphere from a global perspective indicates a close relationship between the geotectonic rhythms and hydrogeological cycles corresponding to the Caledonian, Hercynian and Alpine Orogenies. The processes of evolution of the hydrogeological cycle are the result of the unique properties of water. The beginnings of water circulation in the earth's history are elucidated using the fundamental concepts of geological and hydrogeological processes. Some of the practical conclusions that emerge from such a study are: (i) After the hydrosphere had appeared on the earth's surface, two unique stages are conspicuous: first an increase in the volume of oceans and later an increase in river waters as a result of addition from groundwater discharge. (ii) The hydrological cycle may be viewed as an independent natural mechanism in the upper shells of the earth.
Aquifer - Water Table Aquitard Model for Hard Rock Areas
Authors: Sridharan K. , Mohan Kumar M. S. , Lakshmana Rao N. S.
Published: November 2024

Two layered models are gellerally accepted to represent groundwater flow in fractured media. This paper presents a rigorous numerical analysis of an aquifer - water table aquitard system, which may be applied for hard rock areas. In this study, the water table aquitard considered is compressible and the system is of two-layered nature. The model is quasi three dimensional and takes into account the vertical variations of head in the aquitard. The water table is treated as an unknown boundary.

A new iterative scheme for analysing aquifer-water table aquitard system has been presented. It has been found that rigorous analysis may be necessary in the well field solutions while approximate methods are sufficient for a regional study in hard rock areas.
Application of Kriging Techniques in Groundwater Hydrology
Authors: Marsily Ghislain de , Ahmed Shakeel
Published: November 2024

Many common parameters of groundwater hydrology are found to be "regionalized variables", i.e. they are highly variable but exhibit a certain spatial structure. Geostatistics, which has been developed for the estimation of the grade of ore bodies, is found to be equally applicable to groundwater problems as well.

The basic principles of a geostatistical estimation are outlined, and the usual kriging equations given. The extension of kriging to multivarliate problems is also described. An example is given of the use of these methods for the estimation of the transmissivity using a limited number of observations, both pumping test and specific capacity data. The study was carried out on the chalk aquifer (3000 km2) lying partly in northern France and partly in western Belgium. Both values of transmissivity (72 data points) and specific capacity (235 data points) show a log-normal distribution. All the three methods of cokriging, kriging combined wlth linear regression and kriging with the mean as a function of another variable yielded same results for the transmissivity values estimated.
Record of Cyclolobus walkeri from the Base of Member-C Zewan formation, Kashmir
Authors: Kalia Prabha , Pande Prabhas
Published: November 2024

The Upper Permian index species Cyclolobus walkeri is recorded and described from the base of C-Member, Zewan Formation, Guryul ravine, Sri nagar, Kashmir. On the basis of the present record of the Upper Permian C. walkeri (Diener, 1903), C-Member is correlated with the mid-Dzulfian Chhidruan Stage. By extension, the units above and below belong to the Dzulfian series though the existing record of fauna is inconclusive regarding the age of the members B and D.
Crustal Structure and Delineation of Gondwana Basin in the Mahanadi Delta Area, India from Deep Seismic Soundings
Authors: Kaila K. L. , Tewari H. C. , Mall D. M.
Published: November 2024

A Gondwana graben with a maximum sedimentary thickness of about 2.8 km has been mapped in the Cuttack-Kendrapara area of the Mahanadi basin. This graben is bounded by faults towards its north and south. The velocities which are about 3.9 km/sec around Cuttack change to 3.4 to 3.2 km/sec towards Kendrapara. South of the Gondwana graben lies the shallow basement area, the shallowest part of which is at a depth of about 200 metres under alluvium (velocity 1.6 to 2.0 km/sec). This basement high probably formed the barrier northwest of which the Gondwana graben was formed. Southeast of this, in the coastal area and in the adjacent offshore region, new basins developed during Tertiary period which received Tertiary and younger sediments. Two coastal depressions which may be extending into the Bay of Bengal have been identified: the Konarak depression which received a maximum sedimentary thickness of about 2400 metres on land and the Paradip depression which has a maximum sedimentary thickness of 2200 metres on land. These depressions are fault-controlled and the velocity over the major part is 2.4 km/sec followed by a deeper layer with velocity 4.2 km/sec in the Konarak depression which may be represented by limestone formations or basalt flows.

In the crustal depth sections, there are velocity discontinuities at average depths of 6.0, 17.5, 20.5 and 34.5 km along various profiles which have been mapped fairly weIl. The crustal velocity model in the Mahanadi delta area shows a velocity of 1.6 km/sec at the top which is followed by a velocity of 2.45 km/sec at about 0.3 km depth. The velocity in the basement is 5.9 km/sec at a depth of 1.1 km which changes to 6.45 km/sec at 6.0 km depth. A low velocity layer about 3.0 km thick with velocity 6.0 km/ sec is indicated at 17.5 km, velocity changing to 7.1 km/sec at 20.5 km depth. The velocity at the Moho depth 34.5 km, changes to 8.1 km/sec. The crustal thickness in this area is found to be 30-34 km which is smaller than that in the Indian shield (40 km) and in the Narmada-Son lineament area (37-42 km).
Distribution, Factor Analysis and Ecology of Benthic foraminifera within Inner Shelf Regime of Vengurla-Bhatkal Sector, West Coast, India
Authors: Nigam Rajiv
Published: November 2024

One hundred and two taxa of benthic foraminifera are reported from the neritic environment (15-60 m) of Vengurla-Bhatkal area. Q-mode factor analysis reveals 6 important foraminiferal assemblages accounting for 92% of the information given in original data matrix. The assemblages are - Nonion - Bulimina Ammobaculites, Bolivina, Bulimina - Nonionella - Ammobaculites Nonionella - Bulimina and Ammonia. Based on the ecology of the fauna it is concluded that a general hyposalinal environment prevails in the study area. Geographical distribution of well-known hyposalinaI species/assemblage can be used to study the spread of brackish water along the coastal area.
Lonar Lake and Co-Linear Carbonatites of Western India
Authors: Mishra Satya Prakash
Published: November 2024

The carbonatites of Mer Mundwara and Sarnu in Rajasthan and the Lonar lake of Maharashtra are located on a NW-SE trending straight line. This, when extrapolated further. meets the shore line of the Peninsular Shield of India where it turns sharply from N-S to NE-SW direction. This geometric alignment extends through Mt. Abu pluton, ultramafic bodies of Abu Road and Jobat areas, the Pb-Zn-Cu deposit of Ambaji and Pb-Cu occurrences of a part of Agnigundala belt and a group of thermal springs in Maharashtra. The line is sub-parallel to the join of Precambrian volcanic vent of Mandli and the Newania carbonatite of Rajasthan along the extension of Godavari graben. The empirical pattern signifies that the Lonar is located along a line of possibly deep tectonic significance.
Influence of Coastal Processes Along the Modern Delta Front of Godavari in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Sambasiva Rao M.
Published: November 2024

Studies reveal that during sw monsoon period, the beach is subjected to erosion and during the NE monsoon period there is more addition of material. The reasons for the same have been analysed based on the movement of currents and water discharge into the sea through various distributaries of river Godavari. Overall there is deposition of material than erosion along the present delta front. The present rate of progradation is about 2.5km over a period of 40 years at the confluence of Gautami Godavari. This does not depict the overall growth of the delta front. The progradation along the present front however, is not uniform and depends upon the dominating processes within the region.
Geomorphic Evolution of Shetrunji Estuarine Delta, Saurashtra
Authors: Ganapathi S. , Merh S. S.
Published: November 2024

The various geomorphic features point to a sequence of transgression (+20 m), regression (-10 m), transgression (+6 to +8 m) and regression (present-day sea-level) which acted over a coastline, which also showed differential movement along the Shetrunji Fault.
Coastal Geomorphology of Kerala
Authors: Nair M. M.
Published: November 2024

Coastal geomorphological map of Kerala was prepared on a scale of 1 : 500,000 using LANDSAT imagery. Aerial photographs were used wherever necessary, followed by field checking. The coastal features identified include beaches, beach cliffs. stacks. islands, shore platforms, spits, bars, beach ridges, estuaries, lagoons, mudflats, tidal flats and deltaic plains.

Of the various lineaments identified over the Kerala region. the fault lineaments parallel to the coast as well as those at right angles to it are found to be neotectonically active and control the configuaration of the shoreline primarily.

Of the 560 km shoreline of Kerala, a cumulative 360 km length of shoreline is vulnerable and shows wide fluctuations in its stability. Based on their vulnerability and dynamism, the shoreline is divided into (1) permeable, gently sloping, sandy shoreline (2) semi-permeable, cliffed, sedimentary shoreline and (3) impermeable, crystalline shoreline, arranged in order of intensity of erosion. Apart from the known factors of slope morphometry, lithology and storm-wave generation, the non-parametric factors responsible for coastal erosion include presence or absence of mud banks near-shore and instability of off-shore regions.

The Kerala coast is described as a submergent coast, falling under the 'Terrigenous coast of primary morphologic disequilibrium '. Accordingly, the long-term tendency of coastal evolution is to increase the linear extent of erosional coastal segments at the expense of intervening depositional areas and, when the process goes to completion, a coast of equilibrium results.
Algae from the Silurian Manchap formation, Tidong Valley (Kinnaur), Himachal Himalaya
Authors: Bhargava O. N. , Bassi U. K.
Published: November 2024

? Solenopora sp, indeterminate codiacid, dasyclad Vermiporella sp., and Cyanophite Girvanella sp., are reported from the Silurian Manchap Formation exposed in the Tidong Valley. The Manchap Formation in this area represents a reefoid environment.
Damesellidae from the Cambrian of Kashmir
Authors: Shah S. K. , Sudan C. S.
Published: November 2024

One species each of the genera Damesella and Blackwelderioides are being described for the first time from India. Damesella shergoldi sp. nov. occurs as an enormous population immediately above the uppermost horizon of Middle Cambrian in Magam section of Kashmir and the Blackwelderioides cf. monkei (Walcott) also occurs at an identical stratigraphic position in the section at Trahagam. Their comparisons are made with taxa reported from other parts of Autralo-Asian Province.