bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Health, Overweight or Obesity, and Lung Function in Older Australian Adults
Authors: Opio Jacob , Wynne Katie , Attia John , Hancock Stephen , McEvoy Mark
Published: December 2024

Background: Few studies have explored the links between adiposity, metabolic health, and lung function. This study examined the cross-sectional association between spirometric lung function and overweight/obesity, with and without metabolic abnormalities, in older adults. Methods: The research involved 3,318 older adults from the Hunter Community Study Cohort who had a BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 or higher. Participants were grouped based on BMI and metabolic health risk. Obesity was defined as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or more, while metabolic health was determined by the absence of risk factors according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Lung function was assessed via spirometry, measuring FEV1, FVC, predicted FEV1, predicted FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Lung dysfunction was classified into restrictive, obstructive, mixed patterns, and deviations from predicted FEV1 and FVC. Results: The mean lung function measurements were as follows: FEV1 2.4 L (0.7), FVC 2.9 L (0.8), predicted FEV1% 88.7% (17.6), predicted FVC% 85.6% (15.7), and FEV1/FVC 82.5% (8.5). Compared to the metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) group, the odds of lung dysfunction were as follows. For the restrictive pattern, the MHOW group had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.00 (95% CI: 0.70–1.47, p = 0.959) and the MHO group had an OR of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.13–2.49, p = 0.011). For the obstructive pattern, the MHOW group had an OR of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20–0.77, p = 0.007) and the MHO group had an OR of 0.36 (95% CI: 0.12–1.05, p = 0.061). For the mixed pattern, the MHOW group had an OR of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.18–0.87, p = 0.021) and the MHO group had an OR of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.10–0.87, p = 0.027). Conclusions: A higher BMI and variations in metabolic health are associated with an increased likelihood of restrictive lung function patterns. Conversely, obesity is inversely related to obstructive lung function patterns.
The Relationship Between the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Exercise and Sport Performance—A Scoping Review
Authors: Mantzioris Evangeline , Villani Anthony , Forsyth Adrienne
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Athletes seek healthy diets for their health and performance. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been widely studied for its health benefits. We conducted a scoping review of the scientific literature for studies reporting on the relationship between MedDiet adherence and performance and health outcomes in athletes. Methods: Five bibliographic databases were searched from inception to December 2023. We included studies with any competing, recreational, professional, elite, or occupational athlete (of any age) who played a physical sport as part of a team or as an individual, in which the MedDiet was used as an intervention, or adherence was measured. A total of 7993 unique records were identified, screened, and assessed for eligibility. Results: A total of 32 studies were included: 23 observational studies, 6 randomised controlled trials, and 3 quasi-experimental studies. Almost all studies (n = 31) were conducted in Mediterranean countries. Anthropometrics (n = 19) and body composition (n = 12) were the two most measured outcomes. There was a wide range of athlete ages and calibres and great variability in the outcomes reported; however, there were limited reports for each outcome. Only one RCT reported on specific sport-related performance outcomes. Three RCTs provided individualised dietary recommendations for macronutrients based on sports nutrition guidelines, but only two of them assessed macronutrient intake. Conclusions: This is the first scoping review of MedDiet adherence on outcomes related to sport. We found a limited evidence base across different sports and athletes, with few studies conducted outside of Mediterranean countries. Importantly, more intervention studies are needed to provide high-level causal evidence on the impact of the MedDiet pattern on performance and health outcomes in athletes.
Italian Nursing Research: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1980 to 2020
Authors: Luciani Michela , Barisone Michela , Bentivegna Marco , Fioremisto Antonietta , Galeazzi Giulia , La Monica Marco Alfonso , Musci Alessandra , Ausili Davide , Dal Molin Alberto
Published: December 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore Italian nurses’ publications from 1980 to 2020. Background/Objectives: Several studies have been conducted internationally to assess nursing research output. In Italy, there are some older studies, but a comprehensive analysis of the Italian nursing scientific production after 2010 is needed. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted through a retrospective descriptive study. All articles (n = 3423) published by Italian nurses (n = 2170) and indexed in Scopus were included, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Publication trends show a steady growth, with an increase in publications in journals with higher IFs. Most publications were focused on clinical research and used quantitative methods (n = 2473 articles (86.71%)). The most frequently conducted quantitative studies were observational studies (52.91%), followed by experimental studies (12.5%), instrumental studies (6.72%), and other methodologies (0.15%). Qualitative studies accounted for n = 318 articles (11.15%), and mixed-method studies accounted for n = 61 articles (2.14%). Conclusions: The overall improvement in Italian nursing research is due to the increase in the number of nurses with PhDs and academics in the country. More funding and nursing research positions are needed to further improve research.
Challenges and Strategies in Nursing Leadership: A Qualitative Study on Leaders in Mental Health Care
Authors: Lysfjord Else Marie , Gjevjon Edith Roth , Skarstein Siv
Published: December 2024

Aim: To explore the challenges and strategies among new and experienced nursing leaders in mental healthcare; furthermore, to identify factors that support or hinder their leadership roles. Background: Strong nursing leadership is crucial for the quality of patient care and is associated with higher job security and better patient outcomes. Understanding what factors contribute to effective leadership is essential for the development of future leaders. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through interviews with 20 nursing leaders in mental healthcare in Norway, including 10 new leaders (<2 years in the role) and 10 experienced leaders (>10 years in the role). Data were analyzed using a six-step thematic analysis. Results: New leaders set high standards and faced demanding tasks, which made the role stressful. They experienced uncertainty and self-doubt about their effectiveness and expressed a need for support from mentors or colleagues. Experienced leaders focused on strategic leadership, task prioritization, and employee motivation, emphasizing the importance of being inspirational, patient, and accessible. Discussion: This study highlights the different challenges faced by new and experienced leaders in mental healthcare. New leaders need support to build confidence and manage the demands of their roles, while experienced leaders benefit from their strategic approach and ability to motivate staff. Conclusions and implications for nursing and/or health policy: The findings suggest that mentoring programs and support networks are essential for developing and motivating nursing leaders. New leaders should receive support to overcome self-doubt and stress associated with their roles. Experienced leaders can, through being mentors, expand their strategic skills and increase own insight and abilities regarding leadership. These insights have significant implications for health policy, which should include resources and programs aimed at supporting leadership development in nursing.
A Re-Evaluation of the Utility of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised for Measuring the Spectra in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Zarate Daniel , Brown Taylor , Stavropoulos Vasileios
Published: December 2024

The present study examines the potential of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) as a measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTop) model. Two structural models were evaluated. In Model 1, the SCL-90-R dimensions were allocated to somatoform (comprising somatization), internalizing (comprising obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety), and antagonistic disinhibited (comprising hostility) spectra. Model 2 included an additional detachment spectrum (comprising paranoid ideation and psychoticism). Method: A total of 1594 adolescents [52.2% boys; age ranged from 14 to 17 years; mean age (SD) = 16.04 years (0.737 years)] from the general community in Athens completed the SCL-90-R and the Funf-Faktoren-Fragebogen fur Kinder (FFFK). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the proposed models. Results: The findings supported Model 1, demonstrating adequate global fit, salient and significant factor loadings, discriminant validity, reliability, and external validity of the factors. Conclusions: These results indicate that the SCL-90-R scales of somatization, obsessive–compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and phobic anxiety are appropriate measures for the corresponding HiTop dimensions. However, the scales for paranoid ideation and psychoticism were not suitable for this purpose. The theoretical contributions and conclusions are discussed, highlighting the implications of these findings for the clinical and theoretical application of the SCL-90-R in psychopathological assessment and research.
Evaluating Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin in Pediatric CKD: Correlations with Renal Function and Mineral Metabolism
Authors: Steflea Ruxandra Maria , Stoicescu Emil Robert , Aburel Oana , Horhat Florin George , Vlad Silviu Valentin , Bratosin Felix , Banta Andreea-Mihaela , Doros Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Background: Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires reliable biomarkers for early detection and monitoring. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a potential marker due to its responsiveness to renal impairment and involvement in mineral metabolism. Objectives: To evaluate serum NGAL levels in pediatric CKD patients and explore correlations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ferritin, calcium-phosphorus (Ca*P) product, and total serum protein. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 54 pediatric CKD patients and 29 healthy controls. Laboratory assessments encompassed serum NGAL, creatinine, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, and total serum protein. eGFR was calculated using the Schwartz formula. Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses determined associations between NGAL and other parameters. Results: NGAL levels were significantly higher in CKD patients compared to controls (median 453 ng/mL vs. 78 ng/mL, p < 0.001). A strong negative correlation existed between NGAL and eGFR (r = –0.81, p < 0.001). NGAL showed moderate positive correlations with ferritin (r = 0.56, p = 0.009) and CaP product (r = 0.57, p = 0.006) and a moderate negative correlation with total serum protein (r = –0.36, p = 0.225). Regression analysis confirmed NGAL as a significant predictor of eGFR, ferritin, and CaP product. Conclusions: Elevated serum NGAL levels are associated with decreased renal function and alterations in mineral metabolism in pediatric CKD patients. NGAL may serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing disease progression and guiding clinical management in this population.
Prevalence and Symmetry of Positional Anomalies in Second Permanent Molars: Study of Romanian Patients
Authors: Moca Rahela Tabita , Moca Abel Emanuel , Juncar Mihai
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of positional anomalies in second permanent molars among Romanian patients. These molars play a crucial role in occlusion but can exhibit positional issues such as tilting, rotation, infraocclusion, and impaction. Methods: This retrospective study examined the digital models of 103 patients aged 12–40, which were obtained by using the Medit i500 intraoral scanner. Positional anomalies were categorized by tilting, rotation, infraocclusion, and impaction. Results: The results showed a high prevalence of anomalies, particularly infraocclusion and buccal tilting in upper molars and oral tilting and mesio-buccal rotations in lower molars. The significant symmetry of anomalies within the same dental arch was noted. Gender and malocclusion type did not significantly influence anomaly frequency. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for the vigilant monitoring of second permanent molars to maintain functional occlusion and suggest potential common etiological factors within dental arches. Despite this study’s limitations, including sample size and retrospective design, this study underscores the clinical importance of the early detection and management of molar anomalies. Future research should expand on these findings, considering genetic and environmental influences on dental development.
Rhein: An Updated Review Concerning Its Biological Activity, Pharmacokinetics, Structure Optimization, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Fu Yuqi , Yang Le , Liu Lei , Kong Ling , Sun Hui , Sun Ye , Yin Fengting , Yan Guangli , Wang Xijun
Published: December 2024

Rhein is a natural active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine that has attracted much attention due to its wide range of pharmacological activities. However, its clinical application is limited by low water solubility, poor oral absorption, and potential toxicity to the liver and kidneys. Recently, advanced extraction and synthesis techniques have made it possible to develop derivatives of rhein, which have better pharmacological properties and lower toxicity. This article comprehensively summarizes the biological activity and action mechanism of rhein. Notably, we found that TGF-β1 is the target of rhein improving tissue fibrosis, while NF-κB is the main target of its anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, we reviewed the current research status of the pharmacokinetics, toxicology, structural optimization, and potential drug applications of rhein and found that the coupling and combination therapy of rhein and other active ingredients exhibit a synergistic effect, significantly enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we emphasize the necessity of further studying rhein’s pharmacological mechanisms, toxicology, and development of analogs, aiming to lay the foundation for its widespread clinical application as a natural product and elucidate its prospects in modern medicine.
Fast-Swelling Tamarind Xyloglucan/PVA Hydrogels with Interconnected Macroporous Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ninjumrat Umpornpan , Chuysinuan Piyachat , Inprasit Thitirat , Ummartyotin Sarute , Chainok Kittipong , Pisitsak Penwisa
Published: December 2024

This work demonstrates the preparation of fast-swelling hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and tamarind xyloglucan (XG), utilizing freeze-drying to achieve an interconnected macroporous structure. Although XG is non-toxic and abundant, it has poor mechanical properties. Therefore, XG was mixed with PVA and crosslinked with citric acid (CA). Without XG, the crosslinked PVA sample contained partially aligned channels several hundred microns wide. The addition of XG (25% w/w) reduced the structural order of the hydrogels. However, the addition of XG improved the swelling ratio from 308 ± 19% in crosslinked PVA to 533.33% in crosslinked PVA/XG. XG also increased the porosity, as the porosity of the crosslinked PVA, XG, and PVA/XG samples was 56.09 ± 2.79%, 68.99 ± 2.06%, and 66.49 ± 1.62%, respectively. Resistance to compression was decreased by the incorporation of XG but was increased by CA crosslinking. The determination of the gel fraction revealed that CA crosslinking was more effective for the PVA component than the XG component. The swelling of all hydrogels was very rapid, reaching equilibrium within 10 s, due to the interconnected macroporous structure that allowed for capillary action. In conclusion, the prepared hydrogels are non-cytotoxic and well suited for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, wound dressings, and hygienic products.
Numerical Simulation of Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion Around High-Rise Buildings with Different Rotation Angles
Authors: Huang Xiaohui , Wang Peng , Song Lihua , Bai Yufeng , Zhang Lijie , Gao Lizhen
Published: December 2024

The increase in urban building density will have a significant impact on pedestrian wind environments, especially in high-density urban building environments. Architectural designers should consider the impact of the urban microclimate through reasonable architectural designs and layouts, effectively improve the pedestrian wind environment, and enhance the comfort of urban dwellers and the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, on the basis of the Reynolds number average Navier–Stokes (RANS) method, a standard k-ε turbulence model was adopted to simulate the effects of high-rise buildings with different rotation angles on the flow and dispersion of pollutants. The results showed that the rotation angle has an obvious influence on the flow structure, turbulent kinetic energy, and near-ground concentration, and the effect is more significant with the increase in building height. When the building is rotated by a certain angle (10°, 20°, and 30°), the whole flow is deflected and no longer symmetrical. When the rotation angles are 20° and 30°, it is found that two large vortices are formed in the wake region of the entire building array, as if the building array can be regarded as a whole. Because the pollution source is located in the recirculation zone or the reverse-flow zone, the high-concentration area is mainly concentrated upwind of the source. As the building is rotated counterclockwise (10°, 20°, and 30°), the pollutant plume is also deflected counterclockwise, presenting an asymmetry.
Multi-Sensor Image Classification Using the Random Forest Algorithm in Google Earth Engine with KOMPSAT-3/5 and CAS500-1 Images
Authors: Lee Jeonghee , Kim Kwangseob , Lee Kiwon
Published: December 2024

This study conducted multi-sensor image classification by utilizing Google Earth Engine (GEE) and applying satellite imagery from Korean Multi-purpose Satellite 3 (KOMPSAT-3), KOMPSAT-5 SAR, Compact Advanced Satellite 500-1 (CAS500-1), Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 within GEE. KOMPSAT-3/5 and CAS500-1 images are not provided by GEE. The land-use and land-cover (LULC) classification was performed using the random forest (RF) algorithm provided by GEE. The study experimented with 10 cases of various combinations of input data, integrating Sentinel-1/-2 imagery and high-resolution imagery from external sources not provided by GEE and those normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The study area is Boryeong city, located on the west coast of Korea. The classified objects were set to six categories, reflecting the region’s characteristics. The accuracy of the classification results was evaluated using overall accuracy (OA), the kappa coefficient, and the F1 score of the classified objects. The experimental results show a continued improvement in accuracy as the number of applied satellite images increased. The classification result using CAS500-1, Sentinel-1/-2, KOMPSAT-3/5, NDVI from CAS500-1, and NDVI from KOMPSAT-3 achieved the highest accuracy. This study confirmed that the use of multi-sensor data could improve classification accuracy, and the high-resolution characteristics of images from external sources are expected to enable more detailed analysis within GEE.
New Challenges in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis: How Biosensing Tools Can Lead to Population Screening Opportunities
Authors: Tortora Fabiana , Guastaferro Antonella , Barbato Simona , Febbraio Ferdinando , Cimmino Amelia
Published: December 2024

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Despite its high incidence, cystoscopy remains the currently used diagnostic gold standard, although it is invasive, expensive and has low sensitivity. As a result, the cancer diagnosis is mostly late, as it occurs following the presence of hematuria in urine, and population screening is not allowed. It would therefore be desirable to be able to act promptly in the early stage of the disease with the aid of biosensing. The use of devices/tools based on genetic assessments would be of great help in this field. However, the genetic differences between populations do not allow accurate analysis in the context of population screening. Current research is directed towards the discovery of universal biomarkers present in urine with the aim of providing an approach based on a non-invasive, easy-to-perform, rapid, and accurate test that can be widely used in clinical practice for the early diagnosis and follow-up of bladder cancer. An efficient biosensing device may have a disruptive impact in terms of patient health and disease management, contributing to a decrease in mortality rate, as well as easing the social and economic burden on the national healthcare system. Considering the advantage of accessing population screening for early diagnosis of cancer, the main challenges and future perspectives are critically discussed to address the research towards the selection of suitable biomarkers for the development of a very sensitive biosensor for bladder cancer.
Enhancing Intelligent Shoes with Gait Analysis: A Review on the Spatiotemporal Estimation Techniques
Authors: Joseph Anna M. , Kian Azadeh , Begg Rezaul
Published: December 2024

The continuous, automated monitoring of sensor-based data for walking capacity and mobility has expanded gait analysis applications beyond controlled laboratory settings to real-world, everyday environments facilitated by the development of portable, cost-efficient wearable sensors. In particular, the integration of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) into smart shoes has proven effective for capturing detailed foot movements and spatiotemporal gait characteristics. While IMUs enable accurate foot trajectory estimation through the double integration of acceleration data, challenges such as drift errors necessitate robust correction techniques to ensure reliable performance. This review analyzes current literature on shoe-based systems utilizing IMUs to estimate spatiotemporal gait parameters and foot trajectory characteristics, including foot–ground clearance. We explore the challenges and advancements in achieving accurate 3D foot trajectory estimation using IMUs in smart shoes and the application of advanced techniques like zero-velocity updates and error correction methods. These developments present significant opportunities for achieving reliable and efficient real-time gait assessment in everyday environments.
An Improved STC-Based Full Coverage Path Planning Algorithm for Cleaning Tasks in Large-Scale Unstructured Social Environments
Authors: Wang Chao , Dong Wei , Li Renjie , Dong Hui , Liu Huajian , Gao Yongzhuo
Published: December 2024

Some large social environments are expected to use Covered Path Planning (CPP) methods to handle daily tasks such as cleaning and disinfection. These environments are usually large in scale, chaotic in structure, and contain many obstacles. The proposed method is based on the improved SCAN-STC (Spanning Tree Coverage) method and significantly reduces the solution time by optimizing the backtracking module of the algorithm. The proposed method innovatively introduces the concept of optimal backtracking points to sacrifice the spatial complexity of the algorithm to reduce its computational complexity. The necessity of backtracking in such environments is proved to illustrate the generalization ability of the method. Finally, based on secondary coding, the STC solution is explicitly expressed as a continuous and cuttable global path, which can be generalized to Multi-robot Covered Path Planning (MCPP) to avoid the path conflict problem in the multi-robot system, and the paths assigned to each robot have good balance. The method of this study is proven to be effective through simulations in various random environments and a real environment example. Compared with the advanced methods, the computational time is reduced by 82.47%.
Telehealth for Rural Veterans in the United States: A Systematic Review of Utilization, Cost Savings, and Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Quayson Bright Parker , Hough Jill , Boateng Rebecca , Boateng Isaac Duah , Godavarthy Ranjit , Mattson Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Veterans living in rural areas of the United States face various health challenges that demand timely access to care to improve their well-being and quality of life. Telehealth (i.e., the use of telecommunications technology to connect people with care providers remotely) has become vital in addressing the accessibility gap for people constrained by vehicle ownership, income, geographic isolation, and limited access to specialists. This study aims to examine the current evidence on rural veterans’ use of telehealth for their healthcare needs, evaluates the cost savings associated with telehealth, as well as veterans’ use of telehealth during COVID-19. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted on three databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus) to select relevant articles published from 2017 to 2023. A total of 36 articles met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into three objectives: veterans’ medical conditions managed through telehealth (n = 24), veterans’ transportation cost savings using telehealth (n = 4), and telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 8). The results indicated that telehealth is a viable option for managing various medical conditions of rural veterans, including complex ones like diabetes and cancer. Additionally, telemedicine was a useful platform in bridging the healthcare accessibility gap during disasters or pandemics like COVID-19 evident from its increased usage during the pandemic. Lastly, telehealth was associated with cost and time savings between USD 65.29 and USD 72.94 per visit and 2.10 and 2.60 h per visit, respectively. However, the feasibility of telehealth for veterans’ medical conditions such as rheumatism, cancer, HIV, and diabetes is underexplored and calls for further investigation post-COVID-19. Lastly, the limited literature on rural veterans’ transportation cost savings using different mobility options—taxi, Uber, public transportation, and rides from friends and family—is another critical gap.
Striving for Sustainability in Educational Institutions: Assessing the Effectiveness of an Intervention Using the ‘Getting Involved in a Change Process (ECP)’ Tool
Authors: Jaworski Mariusz , Chojnowska Ewa , Viitaharju Leena
Published: December 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of using the ‘Getting Involved in a Change Process (ECP)’ tool in promoting sustainable eating practices. A total of 16 public educational institutions (5 primary schools and 11 kindergartens) participated, with interventions spanning six months. Methods included regular workshops with kitchen staff. These workshops focused on optimizing food resources, improving meal quality, and promoting environmental awareness. Of the institutions involved, 87.5% (14 out of 16) completed the intervention, and 68% successfully implemented at least one sustainable change, ranging from increasing plant-based options to reducing food waste (Z = −2.971; p = 0.003). The findings suggest that, while the ECP tool is effective in motivating staff and reducing the environmental impact of public meals, full integration requires a supportive organizational structure and continued education. These insights contribute to the growing body of research on sustainable food systems in public institutions and their role in climate change mitigation.
Promoting and Prioritizing the Sustainable Development Goals in Young People
Authors: Mulero Lorena , Grau Dolors , Cunill Jordi , Fàbregas Anna , Rossell Josep M.
Published: December 2024

This project studies how to raise awareness of the environment and sustainability among secondary school students. The goal is for them to become aware of their role in transforming the world, in order to integrate the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into students’ daily educational environment. The goal is to attain the highest possible level of diversity in terms of age, possible knowledge of the SDGs, and environmental awareness. Another important factor is geographical distribution, with the inclusion of students from rural and urban schools. The study was developed within the framework of Forest and Sustainability, a project designed for secondary schools in Catalonia, using interactive learning tools. Survey participants (a total of 1106) are asked to choose and prioritize five SDGs. To obtain information on the trends in the responses, the program Minitab Statistical Software (v.22) was used. The SDGs with the highest score are SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). The humanitarian and health factors concern members of the sample group most, with very interesting results when comparing the responses by gender, educational level, and rural or urban schools’ participants.
Furniture Development Framework for Cultural Conservation: A Case Study of Peranakan Chinese in Singapore
Authors: Huang Wenhong , Rahman Ahmad Rizal Abdul , Gill Sarjit S. , Ahmad Effendi Raja Ahmad Azmeer Raja
Published: December 2024

The Peranakan Chinese, formed through intermarriage between Chinese immigrants and Southeast Asian indigenous people, represent a unique example of cultural amalgamation. As modern society evolves, the conservation of their culture faces significant challenges, particularly in balancing heritage preservation with contemporary relevance. Addressing how Peranakan cultural products can meet the functional and emotional needs of modern audiences while achieving sustainable cultural development is a question worthy of in-depth exploration. This study uses the “SR” furniture series from Singapore’s “I” brand as a case study to examine how cultural products can integrate Peranakan heritage into modern life while promoting cultural conservation. Guided by affordance theory and thematic analysis, this research identifies four key strategies: (1) Cultural Integration and Expression; (2) Modern Innovation in Furniture Design; (3) Promotion and Sustainability; and (4) Social Engagement and Education. Based on these strategies, this study proposes a framework for cultural conservation in furniture development. This framework offers actionable strategies for designers, businesses, and policymakers to create products that meet both functional and emotional needs while fostering cultural conservation and adaptation in a globalized context.
Estimation of Conditional Covariance Matrices for a Class of High-Dimensional Varying Coefficient Factor-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity Model
Authors: Liu Yujiao , Li Yuan , Zhang Xingfa
Published: December 2024

This paper explores a class of High-Dimensional Varying Coefficient Factor-GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) model, designed to capture dynamic relationships between variables and account for the heterogeneity of time series data. By exploiting the structure of the model, a mixed approach is proposed to estimate conditional covariance matrices. Furthermore, asymptotic properties for the estimators are established, providing a theoretical foundation for their consistency and efficiency. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the performance of estimators, and a real data example of portfolio allocation is presented to illustrate the practical application of the approach.
Competitive Integration of Social Tourism Enterprises Through an Organizational Management System: The Case of El Jorullo in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco
Authors: Peña-Casillas Carlos Salvador , Espinoza-Sánchez Rodrigo , López-Sánchez José Alejandro , Aguilar-Navarrete Perla
Published: December 2024

Ejidos are a unique form of land ownership in Mexico based on cooperative and mutual aid, characterized by management problems. Some ejidos have given rise to social tourism enterprises (STE), which seek to respond to local needs by carrying out traditional agricultural and livestock activities complemented by tourism. This sector requires integration to compete. The cases addressed are the STEs in the ejido called El Jorullo, a tourist destination in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico. Therefore, this research’s general aim was to analyze a proposal for a strategic management system for the STEs of ejido El Jorullo based on social capital to promote their competitiveness. The methodology is qualitative, based on social network analysis (SNA) to identify the social capital of the participants of El Jorullo and their enterprises from the perspective of the theory of organizational population ecology and subsequently, the emptying of this information to feed a technology-based management system. The results indicate the six stages of the proposed system for integrating the enterprises. This allows identifying an option for STEs to become more competitive through the integration and involvement of various stakeholders.
Triptolide Causes Spermatogenic Disorders by Inducing Apoptosis in the Mitochondrial Pathway of Mouse Testicular Spermatocytes
Authors: Zhao Jiantao , Cao Maosheng , Yi Haisheng , He Guitian , Chen Tong , Liu Lingyun , Guo Kaimin , Cao Yin , Li Chunjin , Zhou Xu , Zhang Boqi , Wang Hongliang
Published: December 2024

Triptolide (TP) is a diterpenoid compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii. It has antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects and stimulates immunity. However, its serious side effects, especially reproductive toxicity, limit its clinical application. This study employed a testicular injury model established by intraperitoneally injecting TP (0.2 mg/kg) in C57BL/6J male mice (age = 7–8 weeks) for 14 days. The control and TP mice’s testicular tissues were subjected to transcriptome sequencing to assess potential testicular damage mechanisms. Based on the transcriptome sequencing results and relevant literature reports, further experiments were performed. In addition, to alleviate triptolide-induced testicular damage, we treated the mice with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The acquired data revealed that compared with the control mice, the TP-treated mice’s testes indicated severe damage. Transcriptome sequencing identified differentially expressed genes that showed enrichment in cell differentiation, apoptotic process, cell cycle, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and the p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, TUNEL assays and Western blot analysis showed that in the TP mice’s testicular tissues, the spermatocytes had mitochondrial pathway apoptosis as well as abnormal mitochondrial morphology and structure. Triptolide induces oxidative stress in testicular tissue by enhancing pro-oxidative systems and inhibiting antioxidant systems. NAC reduced testicular damage and apoptosis by alleviating TP-induced oxidative stress. This study also employed a GC2 cell line for in-vitro analyses, and the results were consistent with the in vivo experiments. This study provides evidence for alleviating TP’s adverse effects on the male reproductive system for better clinical application.
Venom from Loxosceles Spiders Collected in Southeastern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions Cause Hemotoxic Effects on Human Blood Components
Authors: Silva-Magalhães Rafaela , Gomes dos Santos Ayla Mel , Silva-Araújo Ana Luiza , Peres-Damásio Pamella Luize , Gonçalves de Alvarenga Valéria , Souza de Oliveira Luciana , Sanchez Eladio Flores , Chávez-Olórtegui Carlos , Varela Luana Silveira da Rocha Nowicki , Paiva Ana Luiza Bittencourt , Guerra-Duarte Clara
Published: December 2024

Spiders of the genus Loxosceles represent a public health problem in Brazil due to the severity of the cutaneous and systemic effects that may result from their bite. In the systemic form of loxoscelism, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur. Despite the seriousness of Loxosceles accidents, the venom of some species has not yet been properly characterized considering these hemotoxic effects, such as that of Loxosceles amazonica, Loxosceles aff. Variegata, and Loxosceles similis. To better understand their toxic potential, this study aimed to characterize the hematotoxic properties of these Loxosceles venoms. The crude venom was obtained from specimens of L. amazonica, L. aff. Variegata, and L. similis available from Funed’s arachnidary. In washed platelets, L. aff. variegata inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen and convulxin, whereas L. amazonica and L. similis venoms were able to induce platelet aggregation. In the in vitro hemolysis assays, all venoms experimentally induced direct hemolysis of human erythrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, with different intensities. Furthermore, evidence suggest that the ABO and Rh systems may influence hemolytic activity. Finally, the studied Loxosceles venoms degraded fibrinogen, suggesting possible alterations in the coagulation cascade. Based in the here-presented preliminary study, in vivo assays in model animals are needed to verify the real toxic potential of these species’ venom, building up knowledge to elucidate the action of Loxosceles venoms in blood.
Genome Analysis of Anti-Phage Defense Systems and Defense Islands in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Preservation and Variability
Authors: Jdeed Ghadeer , Morozova Vera V. , Tikunova Nina V.
Published: December 2024

Anti-phage defense systems are widespread in bacteria due to the latter continuous adaptation to infection by bacteriophages (phages). Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has a high degree of intrinsic antibiotic resistance, which makes phage therapy relevant for the treatment of infections caused by this species. Studying the array of anti-phage defense systems that could be found in S. maltophilia helps in better adapting the phages to the systems present in the pathogenic bacteria. Pangenome analysis of the available S. maltophilia strains with complete genomes that were downloaded from GenBank, including five local genomes, indicated a wide set of 72 defense systems and subsystems that varied between the strains. Seven of these systems were present in more than 20% of the studied genomes and the proteins encoded by the systems were variable in most of the cases. A total of 27 defense islands were revealed where defense systems were found; however, more than 60% of the instances of systems were found in four defense islands. Several elements linked to the transfer of these systems were found. No obvious associations between the pattern of distribution of the anti-phage defense systems of S. maltophilia and the phylogenetic features or the isolation site were found.
Stress Biomarkers in Pigs: Current Insights and Clinical Application
Authors: Papatsiros Vasileios G. , Maragkakis Georgios , Papakonstantinou Georgios I.
Published: December 2024

Our study aimed to contribute to the understanding of the stress process in pigs to better assess and control their stress levels. Nowadays, pigs in intensive farming are exposed to several stress factors, such as weaning, transportation, diseases and vaccinations. As a result, the animals experience significant stress responses and inflammatory reactions that affect their health, growth and productivity. Therefore, it is crucial to assess their stress levels, and the use of stress biomarkers could be useful in their evaluation. An up-to-date overview of the different biomarkers that can be used for the assessment of stress is given. It also discusses the methods used to investigate these biomarkers, particularly non-invasive approaches, such as saliva sampling, as practical tools for monitoring animal welfare. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of using multiple biomarkers for a comprehensive evaluation of stress and points to the need for further research to standardize the sampling procedures and improve stress management in pig farming.
Comparison and Integrated Application for Runoff Simulation Models in Small and Medium-Sized River Basins of Southeast China Coastal Area
Authors: Yan Xie , Gao Yunpeng , Chen Xingwei , Yao Huaxia
Published: December 2024

Runoff simulation is of fundamental importance for hydrological research. This study evaluated the applicability of multiple hydrological models and their ensembles for simulating runoff in small and medium-sized river basins of southeastern coastal China, focusing on the Xixi tributary of Jinjiang River and the Songxi and Chongyang tributaries of Minjiang River in Fujian Province. Four lumped hydrological models were selected for analysis: GR4J, IHACRES, TVGM, and MISDc-2L. The Bayesian model averaging method was utilized to compare the performance of each individual model and the multi-model ensemble in runoff simulation. Results: (1) For the calibration and validation periods of four hydrological stations, the mean values of KGE, NS, and R2 for the models GR4J, IHACRES, TVGM, and MISDc-2L were all above 0.7, and the mean values of |RE| were below 8.3%, without significant simulation accuracy variations when basin size changes, demonstrating strong regional applicability for runoff simulation; (2) The multi-model ensemble simulations using Bayesian model averaging of GR4J, TVGM, and MISDc-2L exhibited higher accuracy than individual models; (3) The MISDc-2L model demonstrated strong applicability in daily runoff simulations for both small and medium-sized river basins in Fujian Province and the large-sized Dongting Lake basin, showing that it is worthy of further application in other river basins across China. The findings of this study provide a reference for the selection and application of hydrological models for runoff simulation in small and medium-sized river basins of southeastern coastal China.
Spatial Sediment Erosion and Yield Using RUSLE Coupled with Distributed SDR Model
Authors: Ghimire Sanyam , Singh Umesh , Panthi Krishna Kanta , Bhattarai Pawan Kumar
Published: December 2024

Estimating sediment yield in a river is a challenging task in the water resources field. Different methods are available for estimating sediment erosion and yield, but generally they are not spatially distributed in nature. This paper presents the application of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) for estimating soil erosion and integrates it with spatially distributed Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) to calculate sediment yield in a Himalayan river. The study area is Kabeli sub-catchment, located upstream of the Koshi River Basin in the eastern part of Nepal. The Kabeli River is where numerous hydropower projects are envisaged, and sediment-related issues are of major concern. With the use of the RUSLE, the mean annual soil erosion is estimated at 35.96 tons/ha/yr. The estimated specific sediment yield (SSY) from the distributed SDR method is 6.74 tons/ha/yr, which is close to the observed SSY of 7.26 tons/ha/yr using the data records of ~8 years. Based on correlation analysis, the topographic factor (LS) is the most sensitive RUSLE parameter with respect to sediment erosion. The sloping areas near the river hillslope are particularly vulnerable to soil erosion. The results indicate that the approach employed in this study may be potentially applied in other catchments with similar physiographic characteristics for the estimation of sediment yield.
Exploring the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil Using Deep Learning and Digital Imaging Measurement
Authors: Huang Yanni , Wang Zhoujie
Published: December 2024

This work aims to improve the accuracy of traditional models for analyzing the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil by integrating digital imaging measurement with deep learning techniques. The work first reviews current research on the basic characteristics of unsaturated soil and the applications of deep learning in this field. Next, it examines the impact of soil specimens’ physical properties on their hydraulic properties. This includes acquiring hydraulic parameters and the soil-water characteristic curve through full-surface digital imaging measurements. Finally, a soil hydraulic property model based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is implemented, trained, and validated. Results indicate that the model’s predicted soil-water characteristic curve aligns closely with the experimental findings from previous studies. Moreover, the proposed BPNN-based unsaturated soil hydraulic property model uses the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, which reduces computational time and noise compared to alternative algorithms. Meanwhile, analysis of the model parameters suggests that ten neurons in the hidden layer provide optimal performance. By incorporating correlations between physical parameters, such as soil particle size and soil hydraulic properties, the model demonstrates lower error rates compared to other literature models. Overall, this BPNN model effectively represents the relationship between soil’s physical and hydraulic parameters, streamlining traditional soil correlation coefficient estimation.
Evaluating the Spatial Variations in Bed Sediment and Their Depositional Environments Using Particle-Size Analysis of Wadi Fatima, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khan Mohd Yawar Ali
Published: December 2024

The assessment of grain size and sediment output is crucial for analyzing the pace of sediment erosion, engineering dams and reservoirs, anticipating the impact of climate change and human activities on river systems, and comprehending the presence of trace and heavy metal pathogens and micropollutants. In July 2024, 16 samples of bed sediments were collected from the mainstream of Wadi Fatima and its tributaries in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia to identify the depositional environments and the hydrodynamic conditions using Passega diagram, Linear Discriminate Function (LDF) and bivariate plots. The results indicate that the sediments being studied exhibit polymodal properties in both the upstream and midstream regions of the main channel of Wadi Fatima. However, in the downstream region, the samples show trimodal properties. Regarding tributaries, the WFT1, WFT2, and WFT4 sediments exhibit polymodal properties, except for WFT3, which is bimodal. Folk’s classification system categorizes the samples into four distinct classes/facies: gravel, sandy gravel, gravely sand, and sand, with respective proportions of 13%, 62%, 6%, and 19%. The sediments found in Wadi Fatima contain a range of graphic mean (MZ) values, from −3.34 (indicating medium gravel) to 2.48 (indicating fine sand). On average, the MZ value is −0.79, which shows extremely fine gravel. The standard deviation (sorting (σi)) values of the samples analyzed from Wadi Fatima vary between 0.71 (moderately sorted) and 3.44 (very poorly sorted), with an average of 2.00 (very poorly sorted). The data exhibits a range of skewness (Sk) values, ranging from −0.41 (showing a very coarse Sk) to 0.82 (representing a indicating a very fine Sk). On average, the data shows a Sk value of −0.02, indicating a symmetrical distribution. The kurtosis (K) values span from 0.51 (indicating a very platykurtic distribution) to 2.65 (indicating a very leptokurtic distribution), with an average of 0.95 (indicating a mesokurtic distribution).