bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Sturge-Weber and Phakomatosis Pigmentovascularis with Glaucoma, an Overlap Syndrome
Authors: Patil Bharat , Sinha Gautam , Nayak Bhagabat , Sharma Reetika , Kumari Sadhana , Dada Tanuj
Published: May 2015

Aim. To report a case of bilateral Sturge-Weber and Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis with secondary glaucoma in a child.Method. Case report.Results. A 4-year-old male child was referred to us for control of intraocular pressure (IOP). Sleeping IOP was 36 mm Hg in right eye and 28 mm Hg in the left eye. The sclera of both the eyes showed bluish black pigmentation—melanosis bulbi. Fundus examination of both eyes showed diffuse choroidal hemangiomas with glaucomatous cupping. Nevus flammeus was present on both sides of face along all the 3 divisions of trigeminal nerve with overlying hypertrophy of skin and on left forearm. Nevus fuscocaeruleus was present on upper trunk. All skin lesions were present since birth and were stationary in nature. CT scan of head revealed left-sided cerebral atrophy. Intraocular pressure was controlled after treatment with topical antiglaucoma medications. Pulsed Dye Laser has been advised by dermatologist for skin lesions. Patient has been advised for regular follow-up.Conclusion. The two overlapping dermatological disorders and their association with glaucoma are a rare entity. Management should be targeted both for dermatological and eye conditions.
The Role of PPAR Gamma in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Dantas Andréa Tavares , Pereira Michelly Cristiny , de Melo Rego Moacyr Jesus Barreto , da Rocha Laurindo Ferreira , Pitta Ivan da Rocha , Marques Cláudia Diniz Lopes , Duarte Angela Luzia Branco Pinto , Pitta Maira Galdino da Rocha
Published: May 2015

Fibrosis is recognized as an important feature of many chronic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by immune dysregulation and vascular injury, followed by progressive fibrosis affecting the skin and multiple internal organs. SSc has a poor prognosis because no therapy has been shown to reverse or arrest the progression of fibrosis, representing a major unmet medical need. Recently, antifibrotic effects of PPARγligands have been studiedin vitroandin vivoand some theories have emerged leading to new insights. Aberrant PPARγfunction seems to be implicated in pathological fibrosis in the skin and lungs. This antifibrotic effect is mainly related to the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signal transduction but other pathways can be involved. This review focused on recent studies that identified PPARγas an important novel pathway with critical roles in regulating connective tissue homeostasis, with emphasis on skin and lung fibrosis and its role on systemic sclerosis.
The Long-Term Settlement Deformation Automatic Monitoring System for the Chinese High-Speed Railway
Authors: Wang Xu , Wu Liangqin , Zhou Yi , Wang Yanru
Published: May 2015

The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway is one of the milestones of China’s high-speed railway development and its security plays a significant role in China’s economic and social development. However, the evaluation methods used for large-scale security operations and important infrastructure systems, such as the high-speed railways, are discrete and nonlinear; thus they cannot issue emergency warnings in a timely manner. The emergence of optical fiber sensing technology can solve this problem. This technology has progressed rapidly in its application to the monitoring of railway security and it has attracted much attention within the industry. This study considers the newly built passenger railway line between Shijiazhuang and Jinan as an example. The web-based, all-in-one fiber Bragg grating static level is described as well as a set of online monitoring systems, which is automated, real-time, remote, visual, and adaptable to the standards of the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway. According to our theoretical analysis, the planned automated monitoring of settlement deformation for the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway and the real-time analysis and calculation of monitoring data can ensure the operational security of this section of China’s high-speed railway system.
A New Application of the Hill Repressor Function: Automatic Control of a Conic Tank Level and Local Stability Analysis
Authors: Pérez-Correa José Ricardo , Lefranc Gastón , Fernández-Fernández Mario
Published: May 2015

The Hill function is commonly used as a building block to model different dynamic patterns found in the response of genetic regulatory circuits within microorganisms and cells. These circuits are characterized by fast response and robustness against unmeasured disturbances. Therefore, microorganisms and cells can survive even if they are subjected to strong changes in their environment. However, as far as we know, the Hill function has not been used before to design process control systems. In this work, the repressor Hill function is applied to control the level of a conic tank. To eliminate the offset, we added integrative action. A local analysis was applied to define stability limits for the control parameters. A cost function that includes the error and the control effort was used to compare the performance of the Hill control against a standard PI and a PID-Dahlin controller.
Optimal Production Planning for Manufacturing Systems with Instantaneous Stock-Dependent Demand and Imperfect Yields
Authors: He Longfei , Peng Huangli , Niu Zhanwen , Lu Haili , Xie Xiangli
Published: May 2015

We consider an EPL model like manufacturing system in presence of production imperfectness and stock-demand dependence simultaneously. During the production process, the system can evolve from in-control state into out-of-control state at any random time, after which the defective items will be generated likely causing quantity loss. Meanwhile, the market demand rate is instantaneously dependent on the timely holding inventory. The manufacturer has to determine his production run length and cycle time by taking into account possible imperfect production, stock-dependent demand, and inventory holding capacity bound. We empolder a model to capture this problem and develop computational algorithm to solve it. We further conduct numerical studies to validate our model and solving method. Sensitivity analyses are reported to show the effect of parameters on the system performance.
Plasticity Induced by Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Bilateral Motor Cortices Is Not Altered in Older Adults
Authors: Dickins Daina S. E. , Sale Martin V. , Kamke Marc R.
Published: May 2015

Numerous studies have reported that plasticity induced in the motor cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is attenuated in older adults. Those investigations, however, have focused solely on the stimulated hemisphere. Compared to young adults, older adults exhibit more widespread activity across bilateral motor cortices during the performance of unilateral motor tasks, suggesting that the manifestation of plasticity might also be altered. To address this question, twenty young (<35 years old) and older adults (>65 years) underwent intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) whilst attending to the hand targeted by the plasticity-inducing procedure. The amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single pulse TMS was used to quantify cortical excitability before and after iTBS. Individual responses to iTBS were highly variable, with half the participants showing an unexpected decrease in cortical excitability. Contrary to predictions, however, there were no age-related differences in the magnitude or manifestation of plasticity across bilateral motor cortices. The findings suggest that advancing age does not influence the capacity for, or manifestation of, plasticity induced by iTBS.
Laparoscopy as a Diagnostic and Definitive Therapeutic Tool in Cases of Inflamed Simple Lymphatic Cysts of the Mesentery
Authors: Abdelaal Abdelrahman , Sulieman Ibnouf , Aftab Zia , Ahmed Ayman , Al-Mudares Saif , Al Tarakji Mohannad , Almuzrakchi Ahmad , Toro Adriana , Di Carlo Isidoro
Published: May 2015

Mesenteric cysts are rare benign abdominal tumors. These cysts, especially those of lymphatic origin, very rarely become inflamed. The diagnosis of inflamed lymphatic cysts of the mesentery may be difficult. We herein report two cases of inflamed simple lymphatic cysts of the mesentery definitively diagnosed and excised by laparoscopy.
Phenotypic Detection of Genitourinary Candidiasis among Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic Attendees in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
Authors: Obisesan Oluranti J. , Olowe Olugbenga A. , Taiwo Samuel S.
Published: May 2015

The management of genitourinary candidiasis (GC) is fraught with challenges, especially, in an era of increasing antifungal resistance. This descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May 2013 and January 2014 determined the prevalence and characteristics of GC and the species ofCandidaamong 369 attendees of a Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) clinic of Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Appropriate urogenital specimen collected from each attendee was examined by microscopy and culture forCandida, with preliminary species identification by CHROMAgarCandidaand confirmation by Analytical Profile Index (API) 20C AUX. The age range of attendees was 1-80 years, mean age was36.32±11.34years, and male to female ratio was 1 to 3. The prevalence of genitourinary candidiasis was 47.4%, with 4.9% in males and 42.5% in females (p<0.0001). The age groups 31–45 and 16–30 have the highest prevalence of 23.3% and 16.8%, respectively. The species ofCandidarecovered includeCandida glabrata46.9%,Candida albicans33.7%,Candida dubliniensis9.7%,Candida tropicalis5.7%,Candida krusei1.7%,Candida lusitaniae1.7%, andCandida utilis0.6%. This study reported non-C. albicansCandida, especiallyC. glabrata,as the most frequently isolated species in GC, contrary to previous studies in this environment and elsewhere.
Endogenous Estrogen-Mediated Heme Oxygenase Regulation in Experimental Menopause
Authors: Pósa Anikó , Szabó Renáta , Csonka Anett , Veszelka Médea , Berkó Anikó Magyariné , Baráth Zoltán , Ménesi Rudolf , Pávó Imre , Gyöngyösi Mariann , László Ferenc , Kupai Krisztina , Varga Csaba
Published: May 2015

Estrogen deficiency is one of the main causes of age-associated diseases in the cardiovascular system. Female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: pharmacologically ovariectomized, surgically ovariectomized, and 24-month-old intact aging animals were compared with a control group. The activity and expression of heme oxygenases (HO) in the cardiac left ventricle, the concentrations of cardiac interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the cardiac left ventricle, and the effects of heme oxygenase blockade (by 24-hour and 1-hour pretreatment with tin-protoporphyrin IX, SnPP) on the epinephrine and phentolamine-induced electrocardiogram ST segment changesin vivowere investigated. The cardiac HO activity and the expression of HO-1 and HO-2 were significantly decreased in the aged rats and after ovariectomy. Estrogen depletion was accompanied by significant increases in the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. The aged and ovariectomized animals exhibited a significantly elevated MPO activity and a significant ST segment depression. After pretreatment with SnPP augmented ST segment changes were determined. These findings demonstrate that the sensitivity to cardiac ischemia in estrogen depletion models is associated with suppression of the activity and expression of the HO system and increases in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and biomarkers.
A Data Dropout Compensation Algorithm Based on the Iterative Learning Control Methodology for Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Alonso-Quesada S. , De la Sen M. , Ibeas A.
Published: May 2015

This paper deals with the convergence of a remote iterative learning control system subject to data dropouts. The system is composed by a set of discrete-time multiple input-multiple output linear models, each one with its corresponding actuator device and its sensor. Each actuator applies the input signals vector to its corresponding model at the sampling instants and the sensor measures the output signals vector. The iterative learning law is processed in a controller located far away of the models so the control signals vector has to be transmitted from the controller to the actuators through transmission channels. Such a law uses the measurements of each model to generate the input vector to be applied to its subsequent model so the measurements of the models have to be transmitted from the sensors to the controller. All transmissions are subject to failures which are described as a binary sequence taking value 1 or 0. A compensation dropout technique is used to replace the lost data in the transmission processes. The convergence to zero of the errors between the output signals vector and a reference one is achieved as the number of models tends to infinity.
Three-Dimensional Induced Polarization Parallel Inversion Using Nonlinear Conjugate Gradients Method
Authors: Ma Huan , Tan Handong , Guo Yue
Published: May 2015

Four kinds of array of induced polarization (IP) methods (surface, borehole-surface, surface-borehole, and borehole-borehole) are widely used in resource exploration. However, due to the presence of large amounts of the sources, it will take much time to complete the inversion. In the paper, a new parallel algorithm is described which uses message passing interface (MPI) and graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate 3D inversion of these four methods. The forward finite differential equation is solved by ILU0 preconditioner and the conjugate gradient (CG) solver. The inverse problem is solved by nonlinear conjugate gradients (NLCG) iteration which is used to calculate one forward and two “pseudo-forward” modelings and update the direction, space, and model in turn. Because each source is independent in forward and “pseudo-forward” modelings, multiprocess modes are opened by calling MPI library. The iterative matrix solver within CULA is called in each process. Some tables and synthetic data examples illustrate that this parallel inversion algorithm is effective. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the joint inversion of surface and borehole data produces resistivity and chargeability results are superior to those obtained from inversions of individual surface data.
Hedgehog and Resident Vascular Stem Cell Fate
Authors: Mooney Ciaran J. , Hakimjavadi Roya , Fitzpatrick Emma , Kennedy Eimear , Walls Dermot , Morrow David , Redmond Eileen M. , Cahill Paul A.
Published: May 2015

The Hedgehog pathway is a pivotal morphogenic driver during embryonic development and a key regulator of adult stem cell self-renewal. The discovery of resident multipotent vascular stem cells and adventitial progenitors within the vessel wall has transformed our understanding of the origin of medial and neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during vessel repair in response to injury, lesion formation, and overall disease progression. This review highlights the importance of components of the Hh and Notch signalling pathways within the medial and adventitial regions of adult vessels, their recapitulation following vascular injury and disease progression, and their putative role in the maintenance and differentiation of resident vascular stem cells to vascular lineages from discrete niches within the vessel wall.
Conservative, Surgical, and Prosthetic Treatment of a Patient with a Periapical Lesion Associated with an Atypical Intraoral Sinus Tract
Authors: Wolgin Michael , Tschoppe Peter , Kielbassa Andrej M.
Published: May 2015

This report describes a clinical case with an atypical intraoral sinus tract formation from diagnosis and treatment to short-term outcome and definitive prosthetic rehabilitation. In detail, the patient underwent conservative nonsurgical root canal treatment followed by guided bone augmentation of the regions involved in periapical inflammation and sinus tract formation. The removal of the inflammatory source of the lesion as well as the affected tissue clearly led to a healing of the surrounding bone tissues. Subsequently, the tooth was reconstructed using a fibreglass post and a metal-ceramic crown; an implant was successfully placed in the previously inflamed bone region.
Analysis of Water Hammer with Different Closing Valve Laws on Transient Flow of Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixture
Authors: Subani Norazlina , Amin Norsarahaida
Published: May 2015

Water hammer on transient flow of hydrogen-natural gas mixture in a horizontal pipeline is analysed to determine the relationship between pressure waves and different modes of closing and opening of valves. Four types of laws applicable to closing valve, namely, instantaneous, linear, concave, and convex laws, are considered. These closure laws describe the speed variation of the hydrogen-natural gas mixture as the valve is closing. The numerical solution is obtained using the reduced order modelling technique. The results show that changes in the pressure wave profile and amplitude depend on the type of closing laws, valve closure times, and the number of polygonal segments in the closing function. The pressure wave profile varies from square to triangular and trapezoidal shape depending on the type of closing laws, while the amplitude of pressure waves reduces as the closing time is reduced and the numbers of polygonal segments are increased. The instantaneous and convex closing laws give rise to minimum and maximum pressure, respectively.
The Parametric Model of the Human Mandible Coronoid Process Created by Method of Anatomical Features
Authors: Vitković Nikola , Mitić Jelena , Manić Miodrag , Trajanović Miroslav , Husain Karim , Petrović Slađana , Arsić Stojanka
Published: May 2015

Geometrically accurate and anatomically correct 3D models of the human bones are of great importance for medical research and practice in orthopedics and surgery. These geometrical models can be created by the use of techniques which can be based on input geometrical data acquired from volumetric methods of scanning (e.g., Computed Tomography (CT)) or on the 2D images (e.g., X-ray). Geometrical models of human bones created in such way can be applied for education of medical practitioners, preoperative planning, etc. In cases when geometrical data about the human bone is incomplete (e.g., fractures), it may be necessary to create its complete geometrical model. The possible solution for this problem is the application of parametric models. The geometry of these models can be changed and adapted to the specific patient based on the values of parameters acquired from medical images (e.g., X-ray). In this paper, Method of Anatomical Features (MAF) which enables creation of geometrically precise and anatomically accurate geometrical models of the human bones is implemented for the creation of the parametric model of the Human Mandible Coronoid Process (HMCP). The obtained results about geometrical accuracy of the model are quite satisfactory, as it is stated by the medical practitioners and confirmed in the literature.
Towards Extremely Sensitive Ultraviolet-Light Sensors Employing Photochromic Optical Microfiber
Authors: Chen George Y. , Wang Zilong
Published: May 2015

We propose an extremely responsive ultraviolet-light sensor (−1.39 × 106 dB/(W/cm2)) based on photochromic optical microfiber. A densely packed planar coil of ZBLAN optical microfiber is doped with photochromic dyes. Under ultraviolet radiation, the photochromic microfiber experiences temporary photodarkening, and the change in the transmission of the probe light provides a measure of the incident ultraviolet light. This novel design grants an enhancement in sensitivity (3.13 nW/cm2) by at least one order of magnitude compared to traditional electrical counterparts.
Effect of Melatonin Intake on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Reproductive Organs of Rats under Experimental Diabetes
Authors: Gobbo Marina G. , Costa Carolina F. Pereira , Silva Danilo G. Humberto , de Almeida Eduardo A. , Góes Rejane M.
Published: May 2015

This study investigated the antioxidant system response of male reproductive organs during early and late phases of diabetes and the influence of melatonin treatment. Melatonin was administered to five-week-old Wistar rats throughout the experiment, in drinking water (10 μg/kg b.w). Diabetes was induced at 13 weeks of age by streptozotocin (4.5 mg/100 g b.w., i.p.) and animals were euthanized with 14 or 21 weeks old. Activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and lipid peroxidation were evaluated in prostate, testis, and epididymis. The enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation were not affected in testis and epididymis after one or eight weeks of diabetes. Prostate exhibited a 3-fold increase in GPx activity at short-term diabetes and at long-term diabetes there were 2- and 3-fold increase in CAT and GST, respectively (p≤0.01). Melatonin treatment to healthy rats caused a 47% increase in epididymal GPx activity in 14-week-old rats. In prostate, melatonin administration normalized GST activity at both ages and mitigated GPx at short-term and CAT at long-term diabetes. The testis and epididymis were less affected by diabetes than prostate. Furthermore, melatonin normalized the enzymatic disorders in prostate demonstrating its effective antioxidant role, even at low dosages.
Temporoparietal Headache as the Initial Presenting Symptom of a Massive Aortic Dissection
Authors: Parikh Manan , Agrawal Abhinav , Thyagarajan Braghadheeswar , Alagusundaramoorthy Sayee Sundar , Martin James
Published: May 2015

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical emergency often presenting with severe chest pain and acute hemodynamic compromise. The presentation of aortic dissection can sometimes be different thus leading to a challenge in prompt diagnosis and treatment as demonstrated by the following presentation and discussion. We present a case of a 71-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with complaints of left sided temporoparietal headache and was eventually diagnosed with a thoracic aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and descending aorta, with an intramural hematoma in the descending aorta. This case illustrates the importance of keeping in mind aortic dissection as a differential diagnosis in patients with acute onset headaches in which any intracranial source of headache is not found.
Diagnostic Value of Semiquantitative Analysis of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging with GD-EOB-DTPA in Focal Liver Lesions Characterization: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ippolito Davide , Colombo Maddalena , Trattenero Chiara , Bonaffini Pietro Andrea , Talei Franzesi Cammillo , Fior Davide , Sironi Sandro
Published: May 2015

Purpose.To assess the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSCE-MRI) in differentiation between benign and malignant liver lesions by assessment of tumoral perfusion parameters.Methods Materials.Seventy-three patients with known focal liver lesions, including 45 benign (16 FNH, 27 angiomas, and 2 abscesses) and 28 malignant ones (17 metastases, 9 HCCs, and 2 cholangiocarcinoma) underwent 1.5 T MRI upper abdominal study, with standard protocol that included dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences. On dedicated workstation, time-intensity curves were determined and the following perfusion parameters were calculated: relative arterial, venous and late enhancement (RAE, RVE, RLE), maximum enhancement (ME), relative enhancement (RE), and time to peak (TTP).Results.All diagnoses were established either by histopathology or imaging follow-up. Perfusion mean values calculated in benign lesions were RAE 33.8%, RVE 66.03%, RLE 80.63%, ME 776.00%, MRE 86.27%, and TTP 146.95 sec. Corresponding perfusion values calculated in malignant lesions were RAE 22.47%, RVE 40.54%, RLE 47.52%, ME 448.78%, MRE 49.85%, and TTP 183.79 sec. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was achieved in all the perfusion parameters calculated, obtaining different cluster of perfusion kinetics between benign and malignant lesions.Conclusions.DSCE-MRI depicts kinetic differences in perfusion parameters among the different common liver lesions, related to tumour supply and microvascular characteristics.
Primary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Changes in Children withHelicobacter pyloriInfection over 13 Years in Northern Italy
Authors: Manfredi Marco , Gismondi Pierpacifico , Maffini Valentina , Bizzarri Barbara , Fornaroli Fabiola , Madia Carmen , Salerno Antonino , Cangelosi A. Marta , de’Angelis Gian Luigi
Published: May 2015

The eradication therapy ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection is still a challenge for gastroenterologists. One of the main causes of failure inH. pylorieradication is the antibiotic resistance mainly to clarithromycin. Culture from biopsies is maybe the most used method among the antimicrobial susceptibility techniques. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial susceptibility changes in children withH. pyloriinfection over 13 years and we confirmed that clarithromycin resistance has been increased (16% versus 26%) though with no statistically signficant value. Therefore, clarithromycin should not be used in empiric treatment ofH. pylorieradication therapy in children, but its use should be limited only to children with known antimicrobial susceptibility. On the other hand, metronidazole resistance has decreased over this time period in statistically significant manner (56% versus 33%,p=0.014). Furthermore, ampicillin resistance has been confirmed to be very rare (3% versus 0%) in children withH. pyloriinfection. In conclusion, inH. pyloriinfection, if we do not know the antibiotic susceptibility of patients, we should recommend an eradication therapy based on the local distribution of antibiotic resistance rates trying to limit the therapeutic failures.
Clinical Effectiveness of Modified Laparoscopic Fimbrioplasty for the Treatment of Minimal Endometriosis and Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Franjoine Sarah E. , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , AbdelHafez Faten F. , Geng Cuiyu , Liu James H.
Published: May 2015

Objective. To study the reproductive outcomes of modified laparoscopic fimbrioplasty (MLF), a surgical technique designed to increase the working surface area of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. We postulated that an improvement in fimbrial function through MLF will improve reproductive outcomes.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Setting. Academic tertiary-care medical center.Patients. Women with minimal endometriosis or unexplained infertility, who underwent MLF during diagnostic laparoscopy (n=50) or diagnostic laparoscopy alone (n=87).Intervention. MLF involved gentle, circumferential dilatation of the fimbria and lysis of fimbrial adhesions bridging the fimbrial folds.Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was pregnancy rate and the secondary outcome was time to pregnancy.Results. The pregnancy rate for the MLF group was 40.0%, compared to 28.7% for the control group. The average time to pregnancy for the MLF group was 13 weeks, compared to 18 weeks for the control group. The pregnancy rate in the MLF group was significantly higher for patients ≤35 ys (51.5% versus 28.8%), but not for those >35 ys (17.6% versus 28.6%).Conclusion. MLF was associated with a significant increase in pregnancy rate for patients ≤35 ys.
Erythritol‐Enriched Air‐Polishing Powder for the Surgical Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Taschieri Silvio , Weinstein Roberto , Del Fabbro Massimo , Corbella Stefano
Published: May 2015

Peri‐implantitis represents a major complication that can compromise the success and survival of implant‐supported rehabilitations. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment protocols were proposed to improve clinical parameters and to treat implants affected by peri‐implantitis. A systematic review of the literature was performed on electronic databases. The use of air‐polishing powder in surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis was investigated. A total of five articles, of different study designs, were included in the review. A meta‐analysis could not be performed. The data from included studies reported a substantial benefit of the use of air‐polishing powders for the decontamination of implant surface in surgical protocols. A case report of guided bone regeneration in sites with implants affected by peri‐implantitis was presented. Surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, though demanding and not supported by a wide scientific literature, could be considered a viable treatment option if an adequate decontamination of infected surfaces could be obtained.
Application of Polyurethane Polymer and Assistant Rails to Settling the Abnormal Vehicle-Track Dynamic Effects in Transition Zone between Ballastless and Ballasted Track
Authors: Zhao Caiyou , Wang Ping , Yi Qiang , Meng Duo
Published: May 2015

This paper describes tests on a transition section between ballasted and ballastless tracks in the Liupanshui-Zhanyi railway in China. The originally unsettled transition zone is exposed to sudden car shaking and a series of track transition problems during train passage. As an example, the influences of polyurethane polymer and a combination of polyurethane and assistant rails to increase track stiffness distribution and track transition decay rates on the dynamic vehicle and track behaviour were investigated. The measured results indicate using only polyurethane and using both polyurethane and assistant rails not only effectively makes the track stiffness change more even but also increases the track decay rate at the target frequencies. These positive effects further reduce the wheel-rail interaction forces and vehicle and rail vertical acceleration, which decreases more when combining polyurethane and assistant rails than when using only polyurethane because the former outperforms the latter for smoothing the track stiffness distribution and increasing the track decay rate. Based on abating wheel-rail impact during the transition from ballasted to ballastless track and improving traffic operation and passenger comfort, combining polyurethane and assistant rails had the greatest effect and may be an effective remedy.
Experimental Study of Hydrogasification of Lignite and Subbituminous Coal Chars
Authors: Gil Stanisław , Smoliński Adam
Published: May 2015

The experimental facility for pressure hydrogasification research was adapted to the pressure of 10 MPa and temperature of 1300 K, which ensured repeatability of results and hydrogen heating to the process temperature. A hydrogasification reaction of chars produced from two rank coals was investigated at temperatures up to 1173 K, pressures up to 8 MPa, and the gas flow rates of 0.5–5 /min. Reactivity of the “Szczerców” lignite char was found to be slightly higher than that of the subbituminous “Janina” coal char produced under the same conditions. A high value of the char reactivity was observed to a certain carbon conversion degree, above which a sharp drop took place. It was shown that, to achieve proper carbon conversion, the hydrogasification reaction must proceed at a temperature above 1200 K.
Injection Performance of a Gas-Solid Injector Based on the Particle Trajectory Model
Authors: Yang Daolong , Li Jianping , Du Changlong , Jiang Hongxiang , Zheng Kehong
Published: May 2015

Gas-solid injectors are widely used feeding equipment in pneumatic conveying systems. The performance of a gas-solid injector has a significant influence on the type of application it can be employed for. To determine the key factors influencing the injection performance and address clogging problems in a gas-solid injector during a pneumatic conveying process, the particle trajectory model has been utilised as a means to perform simulations. In the particle trajectory model, the gas phase is treated as a continuous medium and the particle phase is treated as a dispersed phase. In this work, numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different nozzle positions in a gas-solid injector. A gas-solid injector test-bed was constructed based on the results of the simulations. The results show that the nozzle position is the key factor that affects the injection performance. The number of extrusive particles first increases and then decreases with the change in the nozzle position from left to right. Additionally, there is an optimum nozzle position that maximises the injection mass and minimises the number of particles remaining in the hopper. Based on the results of this work, the injection performance can be significantly increased and the clogging issues are effectively eliminated.
Immunological, Viral, Environmental, and Individual Factors Modulating Lung Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Vandini Silvia , Bottau Paolo , Faldella Giacomo , Lanari Marcello
Published: May 2015

Respiratory syncytial virus is a worldwide pathogen agent responsible for frequent respiratory tract infections that may become severe and potentially lethal in high risk infants and adults. Several studies have been performed to investigate the immune response that determines the clinical course of the infection. In the present paper, we review the literature on viral, environmental, and host factors influencing virus response; the mechanisms of the immune response; and the action of nonimmunological factors. These mechanisms have often been studied in animal models and in the present review we also summarize the main findings obtained from animal models as well as the limits of each of these models. Understanding the lung response involved in the pathogenesis of these respiratory infections could be useful in improving the preventive strategies against respiratory syncytial virus.
Occurring ofIn VitroFunctional Vasculogenic Pericytes from Human Circulating Early Endothelial Precursor Cell Culture
Authors: Cantoni Silvia , Bianchi Francesca , Galletti Margherita , Olivi Elena , Alviano Francesco , Galiè Nazzareno , Ventura Carlo
Published: May 2015

Pericytes are periendothelial cells of the microcirculation which contribute to tissue homeostasis and hemostasis by regulating microvascular morphogenesis and stability. Because of their multipotentialex vivodifferentiation capabilities, pericytes are becoming very interesting in regenerative medicine field. Several studies address this issue by attempting to isolate pericyte/mesenchymal-like cells from peripheral blood; however the origin of these cells and their culture conditions are still debated. Here we showed that early Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) expressing CD45+/CD146+/CD31+ can be a source of cells with pericyte/mesenchymal phenotype and function, identified as human Progenitor Perivascular Cells (hPPCs). We provided evidence that hPPCs have an immunophenotype consistent with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue (hASCs) and fetal membranes of term placenta (FM-hMSCs). In addition, hPPCs can be subcultured and exhibit expression of pluripotent genes (OCT-4, KLF-4, andNANOG) as well as a remarkable vasculogenic potential. Our findings could be helpful to develop innovative cell-based therapies for future clinical applications with distinct therapeutic purposes.
Increased Performances of the Biological Diagnosis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome by the Use of a Multiplex Assay
Authors: Sénant M. , Rostane H. , Fernani-Oukil F. , Hosking F. , Bellery F. , Courchinoux A. , Tartour E. , Darnige L. , Dragon-Durey M-A.
Published: May 2015

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by development of venous and/or arterial thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Biological criteria are the persistent presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) and/or anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and/or anti-B2GP1 autoantibodies’ positivity. The assays’ performances are of crucial importance. We evaluated a multiplex assay allowing simultaneous detection of IgG anti-cardiolipin, anti-B2GP1, and anti-factor II. 300 samples were tested. Patients were categorized according to clinical scores of APS from 0 to 3 based on presence or not of arterial or venous thrombosis, fetal loss, and autoimmunity. We used a multiplex assay for APS for simultaneous detection of aCL, anti-B2GP1, and factor II and compared its performances to ELISA assays. Presence of LA was also assessed. We performed a correlation study of the tested assays and compared their clinical efficacy by ROC curve analysis. We obtained significantly higher performances with the multiplex assay than ELISA with higher area under the curve (AUC). The disease rate increased with the number of positive markers from 9% for 1 marker to 100% for 4 markers positive for patients with high risk scores. The multiplex APS assay exhibited higher performances particularly in case of primary APS and is useful for rapid diagnosis of APS.
Highly Expressed Genes in Rapidly Proliferating Tumor Cells as New Targets for Colorectal Cancer Treatment
Authors: Bazzocco Sarah , Dopeso Higinio , Carton-Garcia Fernando , Macaya Irati , Andretta Elena , Chionh Fiona , Rodrigues Paulo , Garrido Miriam , Alazzouzi Hafid , Nieto Rocio , Sanchez Alex , Schwartz Simo , Bilic Josipa , Mariadason John M. , Arango Diego
Published: May 2015

Purpose: The clinical management of colorectal cancer patients has significantly improved because of the identification of novel therapeutic targets such as EGFR and VEGF. Because rapid tumor proliferation is associated with poor patient prognosis, here we characterized the transcriptional signature of rapidly proliferating colorectal cancer cells in an attempt to identify novel candidate therapeutic targets.

Experimental Design: The doubling time of 52 colorectal cancer cell lines was determined and genome-wide expression profiling of a subset of these lines was assessed by microarray analysis. We then investigated the potential of genes highly expressed in cancer cells with faster growth as new therapeutic targets.

Results: Faster proliferation rates were associated with microsatellite instability and poorly differentiated histology. The expression of 1,290 genes was significantly correlated with the growth rates of colorectal cancer cells. These included genes involved in cell cycle, RNA processing/splicing, and protein transport. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX) were shown to have higher expression in faster growing cell lines and primary tumors. Pharmacologic or siRNA-based inhibition of GAPDH or PPOX reduced the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, using a mouse xenograft model, we show that treatment with the specific PPOX inhibitor acifluorfen significantly reduced the growth of three of the seven (42.8%) colon cancer lines investigated.

Conclusions: We have characterized at the transcriptomic level the differences between colorectal cancer cells that vary in their growth rates, and identified novel candidate chemotherapeutic targets for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3695–704. ©2015 AACR.
EphB1 Suppression in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Regulating the DNA Damage Control System
Authors: Kampen K.R. , Scherpen F.J.G. , Garcia-Manero G. , Yang H. , Kaspers G.J.L. , Cloos J. , Zwaan C.M. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink M.M. , Kornblau S.M. , De Bont E.S.J.M.
Published: May 2015

Loss of ephrin receptor (EphB1) expression may associate with aggressive cancer phenotypes; however, the mechanism of action remains unclear. To gain detailed insight into EphB1 function in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), comprehensive analysis of EphB1 transcriptional regulation was conducted. In AML cells, EphB1 transcript was inversely correlated with EphB1 promoter methylation. The presence of EphB1 allowed EfnB1 ligand–mediated p53 DNA binding, leading to restoration of the DNA damage response (DDR) cascade by the activation of ATR, Chk1, p53, p21, p38, CDK1tyr15, and Bax, and downregulation of HSP27 and Bcl2. Comparatively, reintroduction of EphB1 expression in EphB1-methylated AML cells enhanced the same cascade of ATR, Chk1, p21, and CDK1tyr15, which consequently enforced programmed cell death. Interestingly, in pediatric AML samples, EphB1 peptide phosphorylation and mRNA expression were actively suppressed as compared with normal bone marrow, and a significant percentage of the primary AML specimens had EphB1 promoter hypermethylation. Finally, EphB1 repression associated with a poor overall survival in pediatric AML. Combined, the contribution of EphB1 to the DDR system reveals a tumor-suppressor function for EphB1 in pediatric AML.

Implications: The tumor-suppressor function of EphB1 is clinically relevant across many malignancies, suggesting that EphB1 is an important regulator of common cancer cell transforming pathways. Mol Cancer Res; 13(6); 982–92. ©2015 AACR.
Prognostic Value of Serial Brain Natriuretic Peptide Measurements in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Pesaro Antonio E.P. , Katz Marcelo , Caixeta Adriano , Makdisse Márcia R. , Correia Alessandra G. , Pereira Carolina , Franken Marcelo , Fava Anderson N. , Serrano Jr. Carlos V.
Published: May 2015

Objectives: Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are associated with adverse outcomes. The role of serial BNP monitoring after AMI has been poorly investigated. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of in-hospital serial BNP measurements in AMI patients. Methods: Patients with AMI (n = 1,924) were retrospectively evaluated. We selected patients with at least 2 in-hospital BNP measurements. The association between in-hospital mortality and BNP measurements (earliest, highest follow-up and the variation between measurements) were tested in multivariate models. Results: Serial BNP levels were determined in 176 patients. Compared to the rest of the population, these patients were older and had higher mortality rates. In the adjusted models, only the highest follow-up BNP remained associated with in-hospital death (odds ratio 1.06; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.01-1.15; p = 0.014). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the highest follow-up BNP was the best predictor of in-hospital death (area under the curve = 0.75; 95% CI 0.64-0.86). Conclusions: Serial BNP monitoring was performed in a high-risk subgroup of AMI patients. The highest follow-up BNP was a better predictor of short-term death than the baseline and in-hospital variation values. In AMI patients, a later in-hospital BNP assessment may be more useful than an early measurement.
Effect of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Different Regions of the World: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Sardar Partha , Udell Jacob A. , Chatterjee Saurav , Bansilal Sameer , Mukherjee Debabrata , Farkouh Michael E.
Published: May 2015

Background

Regional variation in type 2 diabetes mellitus care may affect outcomes in patients treated with intensive versus standard blood glucose control. We sought to evaluate these differences between North America and the rest of the world.

Methods and Results

Databases were searched from their inception through December 2013. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of intensive therapy with standard therapy for macro‐ and microvascular complications in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected. We calculated summary odds ratios (
OR
s) and 95%
CI
s with the random‐effects model. The analysis included 34 967 patients from 17 randomized controlled trials (7 in North America and 10 in the rest of the world). There were no significant differences between intensive and standard therapy groups for all‐cause mortality (
OR
1.03, 95%
CI
0.93 to 1.13) and cardiovascular mortality (
OR
1.09, 95%
CI
0.90 to 1.32). For trials conducted in North America, intensive therapy compared with standard glycemic control resulted in significantly higher all‐cause mortality (
OR
1.21, 95%
CI
1.05 to 1.40) and cardiovascular mortality (
OR
1.41, 95%
CI
1.05 to 1.90) than trials conducted in the rest of the world (all‐cause mortality
OR
0.93, 95%
CI
0.85 to 1.03; interaction P=0.006; cardiovascular mortality
OR
0.89, 95%
CI
, 0.79 to 1.00; interaction P=0.007). Analysis of individual macro‐ and microvascular outcomes revealed no significant regional differences; however, the risk of severe hypoglycemia was significantly higher in trials of intensive therapy in North America (
OR
3.52, 95%
CI
3.07 to 4.03) compared with the rest of the world (
OR
1.45, 95%
CI
0.85 to 2.47; interaction P=0.001).

Conclusion

Randomization to intensive glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was associated with increases in all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and severe hypoglycemia in North America compared with the rest of the world. Further investigation into the pathobiology or patient variability underlying these findings is warranted.
Volume Overload and Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease: Clinical Observational and Animal Studies
Authors: Hung Szu‐Chun , Lai Yi‐Shin , Kuo Ko‐Lin , Tarng Der‐Cherng
Published: May 2015

Background

Volume overload is frequently encountered and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease (
CKD)
. However, the relationship between volume overload and adverse outcomes in
CKD
is not fully understood.

Methods and Results

A prospective cohort of 338 patients with stage 3 to 5
CKD
was followed for a median of 2.1 years. The study participants were stratified by the presence or absence of volume overload, defined as an overhydration index assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy exceeding 7%, the 90th percentile for the healthy population. The primary outcome was the composite of estimated glomerular filtration rate decline ≥50% or end‐stage renal disease. The secondary outcome included a composite of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular causes. Animal models were used to simulate fluid retention observed in human
CKD
. We found that patients with volume overload were at a higher risk of the primary and secondary end points in the adjusted Cox models. Furthermore, overhydration appears to be more important than hypertension in predicting an elevated risk. In rats subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and a high‐salt diet, the extracellular water significantly increased. This fluid retention was associated with an increase in blood pressure, proteinuria, renal inflammation with macrophage infiltration and tumor necrosis factor‐α overexpression, glomerular sclerosis, and cardiac fibrosis. Diuretic treatment with indapamide attenuated these changes, suggesting that fluid retention might play a role in the development of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions

Volume overload contributes to
CKD
progression and cardiovascular diseases. Further research is warranted to clarify whether the correction of volume overload would improve outcomes for
CKD
patients.