Peculiarities of Respiratory Rhythm in Healthy Young Men and Women under Different Conditions
Authors: Kovalenko S.A. , Zavhorodnia V.A. , Kudii L.I. , Lutsenko O.I. 
Published: January 2022

Introduction.The functioning of physiological systems in the body occurs in certain rhythms with its own variability, which reflects the complex interaction of regulatory mechanisms. The nature of therespiratory rhythm in humans, both at rest and under load, has certain features that are manifested in the duration of spirocycles (phases and their ratio), their variability, manifestation and direction of reactions, which may depend on gender.Purpose.Carrying out of the comparative analysis of variability of a respiratory rhythm at rest and reactions of its characteristics in the conditions of orthoprobe and psychoemotional load inhealthy young men and women.Methods.The measurements involved 88 men and 30 women aged 17-23 years under conditions close to the state of basal metabolism, in the supine position, in orthoprobe and performing the test of psycho-emotional load.The obtained pneumograms, which were recorded using a piezoelectric sensor, were analyzed using a computer program developed by us.The duration of the spirocycle and its phases were defined as the distance between the corresponding points ofthe pneumogram. Studies of respiratory rhythm (breath-to-breath) were performed by the method of temporal analysis on the following indicators: the average value of the respiratory cycle (M), its mode (Mo), the average values of the phases of inspiration (In), exhalation (Exp), their ratio (In / Exp), variation of spirocycle duration (dX), standard deviation (SDNN) and coefficient of variation (SV). The reactivity of changes in indicators was calculated in % relative to baseline at rest.Results. The pattern of respiratory rhythm in people of different sexes differs significantly both at rest and under the influence of dosed loads. At rest, the sexual features of the respiratory rhythm were revealed, which were manifested by slower breathing with less variability in men compared with the group of women.Under conditions of orthostasis, greater changes in respiratory rhythm were found in women who were characterized by slow breathing, mainly due to the active phase of inspiration, together with its relatively greater variability. Psycho-emotional load contributed to the acceleration of respiration in subjects of different sexes, against which the variability of rhythm in men decreased, while in women the changes were multidirectional.Originality. Peculiaritiesof respiratory rhythm in persons of different sexes are shown. Significant gender differences in the duration of the respiratory cycle and its variability at rest have been established. Peculiarities of manifestation and direction of reactions according to indicators of respiratory rhythm variability under the influence of orthoprobe and psychoemotional load in men and women are revealed.Conclusions.Establishing gender differences in the duration of the spirocycle and indicators of its variability indicate the need to take into account this factor to increase the diagnostic and prognostic value of the method of temporal analysis of respiratory rhythm variability in assessing the functional state of the human body. It is necessary to find out the peculiarities of the respiratory rhythm in women, takinginto account the phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle.Keywords:respiratory rhythm, variability of spirocycle duration, deceleration of breathing, inspiratory phase, orthoprobe, psycho-emotional load.