bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of professional self-determination of future young scholars in the process of professional training in the universities of the science city
Authors: Chvanova Marina S. , Kiselyova Irina A.
Published: December 2021

The work deals with the problem of professional self-determination of students in the process of professional training in the universities of the science city. We consider the types of self-realization, present a model of professional self-determination of future young scholars, as well as methodological approaches to building a model and its components. The organizational and pedagogical conditions for the professional self-determination of students on the basis of the cluster approach are presented: the orientation of the educational process of universities in science cities to interact with enterprises, research institutes of the science city, the business community; active organizational and educational position of universities in science cities to promote employment and job placement of students at enterprises in science cities; a combination of various forms, methods of supporting the professional self-determination of students; accompaniment of the educational process with a digital ecosystem for practice-oriented interaction of students with employers and other interested social partners. The implementation of the model in practice will allow students to engage in professionally oriented interaction, including through project activities and interaction through Internet technologies with the world professionally oriented scientific community.
Using the technology of blended learning “flipped classroom” in foreign language teaching at the university
Authors: Ulyanov Sergey S.
Published: December 2021

We substantiate the need to use modern educational technology of blended learning “flipped class” in university education, introduce new principles of building the educational process in higher education, search for new organizational forms of education, interactive methods and technologies of teaching a foreign language. The solution to the research problem is based on theoretical, methodological and practical issues that are considered in the study. We focus on the fact that teaching a foreign language is based on the methodic potential of competence-based and personality-oriented approaches. We note the role of a foreign language teacher, who is a facilitator and consultant, who ensures successful communication of students in the process of performing interdisciplinary or metadisciplinary research projects that contribute to the development of metadisciplinary and communication skills. The obtained results of the pedagogical experiment suggest that the use of the “flipped classroom” blended learning technology increase the level of internal motivation of students to learn a foreign language. This technology allows to individualize and activate the educational process.
culture du soja en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Yeo Mamadou
Published: December 2021

Légumineuse au rendement exceptionnel et aux grandes vertus nutritionnelles, le soja a été testé dans tous les microclimats ivoiriens depuis 1968. Il a même été cultivé à grande échelle dans le nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire à titre expérimental. Contrairement à de nombreuses autres cultures vivrières, la culture du soja en Côte d'Ivoire n'a pas encore fait l'objet d'études historiques. Cet article contribue à combler cette lacune historiographique sur la base de sources imprimées et d'entretiens avec des témoins de la première phase (jusqu'en 1979), en mettant en lumière le processus d'introduction de la culture du soja en Côte d'Ivoire. Après les premiers essais de culture réussis depuis 1968, le soja a été introduit en 1974 comme culture de diversification. La poursuite des essais de confirmation a montré que les départements de Touba et d'Odienné, dans le nord-ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire, constituaient la zone la plus propice à la culture du soja. Un premier projet de soja y a été lancé en 1979, mais il a finalement échoué et a été abandonné en 1984.
Desastres e vulnerabilidade na região serrana do Rio de Janeiro (RSRJ)
Authors: Marques César , Baesso Daniel Cesario
Published: December 2021

As chuvas ocorridas em janeiro de 2011 na Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro deflagraram o processo de um desastre com elevado impacto social, econômico e institucional. Neste artigo, a partir do diálogo entre vulnerabilidade, desastres e justiça ambiental, reiteramos que a interpretação de tal ocorrência não estaria nas suas características “naturais”, seja pela pluviometria ou no seu relevo, mas sim no encontro dessas com padrões de desenvolvimento, de uma forma ampla, e as condições de vulnerabilidades existentes. Reitera-se a perspectiva de que a vulnerabilidade ao risco de desastre é produto da complexa relação sociedade e natureza, sendo um conceito crucial para a compreensão do desastre e da justiça ambiental, sendo que as contribuições de Daniel Hogan foram centrais para o desenvolvimento dessa área, especialmente no caso brasileiro. Como resultados, indicamos que o desastre ocorreu em uma região com existência de populações vivendo em áreas de risco de forma ampla, tendo desencadeado processos que se desdobraram tanto institucionalmente como após os eventos de 2011.
Injurias traumáticas dentales en niños y adolescentes de un Centro Dental Docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Authors: Alvarez-Raico Sandra L. , León-Manco Roberto A. , Díaz-Pizán María Elena
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de injurias traumáticas dentales según la clasificación de Andreasen en niños de 1 a 15 años de edad, atendidos en el Servicio de Odontopediatría del Centro Dental Docente de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, en el periodo enero 2012 a octubre 2017. Material y métodos: El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por historias clínicas de pacientes con injurias traumáticas dentales que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tipos de injurias traumáticas dentales, sexo, edad del paciente, lugar, causa del trauma y tipo de pieza dental afectada. Los resultados fueron presentados en frecuencias absolutas y relativas mediante tablas descriptivas de doble entrada. Resultados: se encontró un total de 9880 historias clínicas, de las cuales el 1,18% (n=117) fueron de pacientes que presentaron injurias traumáticas dentales, con una edad media de 4,36 ± 3,42 años. Conclusiones: Las injurias traumáticas dentales más frecuentes fueron las lesiones periodontales seguidas de las lesiones de la encía y/o mucosa. Los niños fueron los más afectados en la dentición primaria y las niñas en la dentición permanente. La mayoría de las lesiones traumáticas dentales se produjeron durante los juegos. La casa y el colegio fueron los lugares donde se produjo la mayor parte de los traumatismos en la dentición primaria y permanente, respectivamente. Los incisivos centrales superiores fueron las piezas dentales más afectadas en este grupo de niños.
Candidiasis hiperplásica crónica de la lengua: Una lesión con cambios displásicos
Authors: Delgado Azañero Wilson , Arrascue Dulanto Manuel , Lévano Loayza Sandro
Published: December 2021

La candidiasis hiperplásica crónica (CHC), es una infección micótica oral producida por la especie C. albicans, que se presenta en personas inmunocompetentes como una placa blanca que no desaparece al raspado y que puede ser confundida con la leucoplasia, entidad relacionada con el carcinoma oral. Para su diagnóstico es indispensable la toma de una biopsia que permita identificar la presencia de hifas y blastosporas de candida invadiendo el epitelio. En este trabajo se analizan las características clínicas y la probable causa de una CHC del dorso de la lengua diagnosticada en un paciente masculino de 54 años. Se presenta y discute la distribución del hongo dentro del epitelio, así como las alteraciones inducidas en el fenómeno de proliferación y diferenciación celular de este tejido. El tratamiento se fundamentó en la corrección del factor etiológico identificado, la eliminación mecánica de la placa micótica y la prescripción de medicación antifúngica. Debido a sus características clínicas la CHC se puede confundir con la lesión potencialmente maligna oral denominada leucoplasia. La biopsia de la lesión es fundamental para establecer el diagnóstico el cual conducirá a evitar sobre tratamientos.
Perspectives of Pregnant Women Regarding Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Klankhajhon Sirikanok , Pansuwan Kornkarn , Klayjan Kanokon , Nensat Nannaphat
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health problem. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy worldwide is nearly half of pregnant women. It impacts on women and offspring outcomes during pregnancy, intrapartum and postpartum period associated with increasing rate of preterm labor, pregnancy induced hypertension, low birth weight, perinatal death including postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, unsuccessful rate of exclusive breast feeding, and postpartum depression. Inadequate iron intake, maternal physiological changes during pregnancy, and bleeding were indicated as common causes of IDA in pregnancy. The objective was to explore the experiences of pregnant women regarding IDA.Methods: A total of eighteen women between 16-36 weeks gestation participated in the qualitative research. Women were selected by purposive sampling according to inclusion criteria to in-depth interviewed at antenatal care clinic, Watbot hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand.Results: Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews identified four main themes: iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant as a normal pregnancy; concern on food rather than hematocrit (Hct) level; maternal instinct in healthy baby; and low socioeconomic as a main obstacle.  Conclusion: The findings illustrated to enhance better understanding the nature, attitude, knowledge, perception, and behavior of pregnant women on IDA, facilitators to support women for healthy behavior, and barriers to IDA in pregnancy based on Thai context.
The Older Adults Experience Caring for Grandchildren with Special Needs
Authors: Wahyuni Sylvia Dwi , Indarwati Retno , Nugroho Aditya Budi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Nowadays, grandparents are still involved in the care of grandchildren. The previous research showed that the grandparent involvement in the care of grandchildren has a bad and good impact for older adults. This study aims to gain a deep understanding of the experience of older adults while caring for their grandchildren with special needs.Methods: Researchers use a phenomenological approach to explore the experience based on awareness that occurs in some individuals. The participants involved in this study were six older adults. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed by Colaizzi’s method.Results: All participants have grandchildren who attended school for special needs childrenin Surabaya city. This study showed all participants responded positively and related involvement in taking care of grandchildren. In addition, the decision to being a part of caring for the grandchildren came from themselves and the discussions with both parents. Most of the activities with grandchildren were spending time together. However, all participants complained of being tired and this condition can be solved by seeing grandchildren’s happiness. They believed that grandchildren care is better with grandmothers or grandfathers than with servants.Conclusion:It can be concluded that the experiences of the older adult taking care of  grandchildren are very varied and positive for the older adults. Further researchers are advised to continue to explore more detail about the psychological influence of grandparents   taking care of their grandchildren with special needs.
The Effectiveness of a Nurse-led Team-Based Hypertension Management among People with Uncontrolled Hypertension in a Community Hospital, Thailand
Authors: Oba Nongnut , Chutipanyaporn Navarat
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Uncontrolled blood pressure of people with hypertension remains a major public health issue. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Nurse-led Team-based Hypertension Management Program (NTHMP) among people with uncontrolled hypertension.Methods: This quasi-experimental one-group pre-posttest design research was done to evaluate the effectiveness of a NTHMP in a community hospital in Thailand. The sample was thirty people with uncontrolled hypertension who received outpatient care in a community hospital in Thailand. They participated in three months NTHMP which included 1) team-approached health education, 2) medication administration support, 3) motivation interviewing on behavioral adjustment and 4) home blood pressure monitoring for three months. Outcomes of the program; systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hospital admissions with signs of hypertensive urgency were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and repeated measured ANOVA.Results: The results indicated that people with uncontrolled HT had lower systolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressure compared with baseline levels (p<0.001), and no hospital admissions.Conclusion: This program provided   evidence for nurses to manage blood pressure control in people with hypertension within a collaboration with multidisciplinary team members in the community hospital.
Nurses’ Role in Taking Care of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pujiyanto Tri Ismu , Wulaningsih Indah
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is becoming one of the major public health problems. It is important to screen the GDM and for the case to be managed by nurses. Nurses are needed to care for pregnant women with GDM, and the work experience of nurses is directly related to the assistance and quality of care provided. However, nurses face some barriers in understanding the GDM and providing good management thereof. This study explored the experiences of nurses of caring for GDM patients.Methods: This study was a phenomenological approach qualitative research. Participants were 10 nurses who provide care for pregnant women with GDM selected by purposive sampling technique with sampling criteria. Data analysis used the Colaizzi method.Results: There were five categories, e.g. empathy, inspiration to find ways to treat patients very well, feeling of ambivalence, self-preservation to develop potential, and the impact on the nurses of caring for GDM.Conclusion: Sustaining the nursing workforce and improving their working experiences are essential to meet the care needs of pregnant women with GDM. Nurses should understand to promote empathy, and there is a need to improve the job satisfaction and morale of nurses. At the institutional level, policy makers should make efforts to improve the nursing clinical practice environment, increase the nursing management role, the maternity nursing education and training, achieve a proper skill mix of the health workforce, and, overall, attract, prepare and sustain nurses regarding caring for pregnant women with high risk GDM.
Measurement of dynamic parameters of micromechanical thermistor converter using software and hardware complex NI Elvis II
Authors: Borysov O.V. , Lupyna B.I. , Deineka I.S.
Published: December 2021

The dynamic parameters of micromechanical thermo-resistive directly heated converter are measured in different mediums. The hardware architecture of the designed automated stand on the base of the hardware-software complex NI Elvis II, software and user’s interface into LabVIEW environment are described. The results of thermo-resistive transducer’s characteristics measurement, received with theproposed stand, have analyzed
Features of pore formation of semiconductors by example zinc selenide and indium phosphide
Authors: Kidalov V.V. , Marakhovskyi O.V. , Cychikova Ya.O. , Sukach H.O.
Published: December 2021

The paper represent a methodology and mechanizm of obtaining porous layers in ZnSe and InP substrates by photoelectochemical etching in acid solutions. Morphology of the surface was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. By using energy dispersion X-ray analysis method (EDAX) was determined chemical composition of the obtained film`s surface
Influence of the number of receiving channels in an antenna system with a focal grating on its sensitivity
Authors: YUpikov O.A.
Published: December 2021

The antenna system with focal plane array is considered, the method for simulation of such system is described, and the influence of the number of receiving channels on the sensitivity of the system is shown. The numerical results are shown for antenna system APERTIF
Is the regime of control over proliferation of cyber weapons feasible? The Russian and U.S. approaches
Authors: Sebekin S.
Published: December 2021

The article assesses the feasibility of control over proliferation of cyber weapons, by analogy with the control over proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The Russian and U.S. approaches to this issue are considered and compared. While Russia’s stance for a long time proceeded from the idea that the regime of control over proliferation of cyber weapons is needed, the United States have denied the feasibility and validity of this approach. The author argues that, at present, the control over proliferation of cyber weapons and the establishment of a special international regime (by analogy with weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons non-proliferation regimes) is hardly feasible for a number of both technical and political reasons. They include the wide availability of cyber weapons, the scalability effect, and difficulties in identifying cyber weapons. Instead, a special regime of control over the non-use of cyber weapons is proposed. This regime could include, among other things, a ban on cyber attacks against certain targets, introduction of “red lines”, and creation of a unified database of vulnerabilities and malware.
The Palestinian problem in the context	of evolving balance of power
Authors: Zvyagel'skaya I. , Tyukaeva T.
Published: December 2021

The Palestinian issue remains one of the most persistent and intractable contemporary conflicts. While it retains its special importance for regional players, new conflicts and challenges, along with the changing regional balance of power, have gradually pushed the Palestinian issue into the background on the common Arab agenda. Under these circumstances, the problem has been undergoing transformation, with controversial implications. On the one hand, the struggle of Palestinians for their political rights and for improving their socio-economic conditions comes to the forefront of the Palestinian internal political agenda. There are emerging trends of horizontal social mobilization while the legitimacy of the Palestinian leadership is declining. On the other hand, the absence of positive developments contributes to the increased potential for radicalization and enhances probability of new military clashes.
Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade de São Paulo (1955 - 1970)
Authors: Monaco Janotti Maria de Lourdes
Published: December 2021

Para compreender o fim de uma experiência de ensino crítico e de qualidade, ministrado no Colégio de Aplicação da USP, momentos distintos de sua historicidade foram comtemplados: o contexto no qual foi criada a escola, a prática docente de ensino renovado e o término de uma experiência de vanguarda. Em outubro de 1967, uma greve de alunos com ocupação do prédio tomou amplas proporções políticas. No seu decorrer revelou as desinteligências entre os diversos setores administrativos da escola. Foi encerrada com a intervenção do DOPS, após solicitação de membros do Departamento de Educação e do diretor da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, sem que fossem consultados os Órgãos colegiados.
On the Minimum Polynomial and Applications
Authors: Halidias Nikos
Published: December 2021

In this note we study the computation of the minimum polynomial of a matrix $A$ and how we can use it for the computation of the matrix $A^n$. We also describe the form of the elements of the matrix $A^{-n}$ and we will see that it is closely related with the computation of the Drazin generalized inverse of $A$. Next we study the computation of the exponential matrix and finally we give a simple proof of the Leverrier - Faddeev algorithm for the computation of the characteristic polynomial.
Voltage Followers for the Design of Sallen-Key Active Rc-Filters
Authors: Chumakov Vladislav , Pakhomov Ilya , Titov Alexey , Butyrlagin Nikolay , Prokopenko Nikolay
Published: December 2021

In this paper consider the circuitry of voltage followers (VF) with unity-gain, intended for practical use in active Sallen-Key RC-filters (LPF, HPF, BPF, RF). The results of research and computer modeling of radiation-resistant and low-temperature VF in the LTSpice environment on models of CJFET transistors operating under the influence of neutron flux up to 10e14 n/cm2 and cryogenic temperatures up to -197°C are presented.
Application of Computer Vision and Python Scripts as Educational Mechatronic Platforms for Engineering Development in STEM Technologies
Authors: Tudić Vladimir , Kralj Damir , Hoster Josip , Tropčić Tomislav
Published: December 2021

This paper presents the process of designing, fabrication, assembling, programming and optimizing a prototype of a nonlinear mechatronic Ball-Plate System (BPS) as a laboratory platform for STEM engineer education. Due to the nonlinearity and complexity of BPS, task presents challenging issues, such as: 1) difficulties in controlling the stabilization of a given position point known as steady state error, 2) position resolution known as specific distance error and 3) adverse environmental effects - light shadow error, also discussed in this paper. The laboratory BPS prototype for education was designed, manufactured and installed at the Karlovac University of Applied Sciences at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Study of mechatronics. The low-cost two degrees BPS system uses a USB HD camera for computer vision as feedback and two DC servomotors as actuators. Due to controlling problems, an advanced block diagram of control system is proposed and discussed. An open-source control system based on Python scripts that allows the use of ready-made functions from the library allows changing the color of the ball and the parameters of the PID controller, thus indirectly simplifying control system and directly the mathematical calculation. The authors will continue their research on this BPS mechatronic platform and control algorithms.
Proposed Standard Test Protocols and Outcome Measures for Quantitative Comparison of Emissions from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
Authors: Hensel Edward C. , Eddingsaas Nathan C. , Saleh Qutaiba M. , Jayasekera S. , Sarles S. Emma , DiFrancesco A. Gary , Robinson and Risa J.
Published: December 2021

This study introduces and demonstrates a comprehensive, accurate, unbiased approach to robust quantitative comparison of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) appropriate for establishing substantial equivalence (or lack thereof) between tobacco products. The approach is demonstrated across a family of thirteen pen- and pod-style ENDS products. Methods employed consist of formulating a robust emissions surface regression model, quantifying the empirical accuracy of the model as applied to each product, evaluating relationships between product design characteristics and maximum emissions characteristics, and presenting results in formats useful to researchers, regulators, and consumers. Results provide a response surface to characterize emissions (total particulate matter and constituents thereof) from each ENDS appropriate for use in a computer model and for conducting quantitative exposure comparisons between products. Results demonstrate that emissions vary as a function of puff duration, flow rate, E-Liquid composition, and device operating power. Further, results indicate that regulating design characteristics of ENDS devices and consumables may not achieve desired public health outcomes; it is more effective to regulate maximum permissible emissions directly. Three emissions outcome measures (yield per puff, mass concentration and constituent mass ratio) are recommended for adoption as standard quantities for reporting by manufacturers and research laboratories. The approach provides a means of (a) quantifying and comparing maximal emissions from ENDS products spanning their entire operating envelope, (b) comparative evaluation of ENDS devices and consumable design characteristics, and (c) establishing comparative equivalence of maximal emissions from ENDS. A consumer-oriented product emissions dashboard is proposed for comparative evaluation of ENDS exposure potential. Maximum achievable power dissipated in the coil of ENDS is identified as a potentially effective regulatory parameter.
Sustainable Development in Portuguese Social Economy Entities: The Environmental Responsibility of Private Social Solidarity Institutions
Authors: Azevedo Graça , Curi Denise , Costa Alberto J. , Bandeira Ana Maria , Ferreira Augusta , Tomé Brizida , Joaquim Carla , Santos Carlos , Góis Cristina , Meira Deolinda , Inácio Helena , Jesus Mafalda , Teixeira Maria Goreti , Monteiro Patrícia , Duarte Ruben , Marques Rui Pedro
Published: December 2021

Social Economy institutions seek to provide answers to social problems, given that they naturally have a socially responsible mission. This study aims to answer the research question: how sustainable practices, namely environmental behaviour, have been adopted by Portuguese Private Social Solidarity Institutions (IPSS) with the purpose of contributing to Sustainable Development? To achieve this objective, qualitative research was carried out in 31 IPSS, which was framed within the scope of the TFA project (Theoretical framework for promotion of accountability in the social economy sector: the IPSS case). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, with a script based on the literature review, from May to July 2019, with those responsible for the management of these entities. A content analysis was conducted, using the NVivo12 Version 12.6.0 software, which enables data to be coded and categorised, reducing any researcher bias. The results indicate that most entities carry out activities of an environmental nature, related to the reuse of materials, the recycling of waste, the sale of materials for recycling, and user awareness. Several entities expressed financial limitations to the implementation of Environmental Management Systems and their accomplishment. However, the objections presented are not impossible to overcome, according to studies presented in other countries.
On invariant finite-difference schemes for equations of one-dimensional flows of a polytropic gas for problems with spatial symmetries
Authors: Russkov Aleksander Alekseevich , Kaptsov Evgeny Igorevich
Published: December 2021

One-dimensional polytropic gas dynamics equations for plane, radially symmetric, and spherically symmetric flows are considered. Invariant properties of equations are discussed, local conservation laws are derived. Additional conservation laws are written, which take place only in case of special values of adiabatic exponent. Classical difference scheme of Samarsky-Popov for gas dynamics has all difference analogs of conservation laws, except for additional ones. In difference schemes additional conservative laws take place in case of special state equation approximation. Scheme of Samarsky-Popov with special state equation was initially suggested by V.A. Korobitsyn. He described it as ‘thermodynamically consistend’ In current paper group properties, and conservation laws of thermodynamically consistent schemes are discussed, and numerical implementation for plane, cylinder, and spherical flows is perfomed.
Study of pulsating flows of ionizing hydrogen in the plasma accelerator based on two-dimensional model
Authors: Kozlov Andrey Nikolaevich , Konovalov Venyamin Sergeevich , Novikova Svetlana Olegovna
Published: December 2021

Numerical study of the hydrogen ionization process in the channel of the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator is presented. Calculations of pulsating and stationary flows of ionizing hydrogen were carried out within the framework of two-dimensional MHD model in the approximation of local thermodynamic equilibrium, taking into account the radiation transport and under the condition of uniform gas supply at the channel inlet. As a result of a series of calculations, the empirical condition for the stationarity of axisymmetric flows of ionizing hydrogen was determined.
INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUTRALIZATION PROCESS OF SULFATION PRODUCTS IN THE SURFACTANTS PRODUCTION
Authors: Dzevochko Oleksandr , Podustov Mykhaylo , Lysachenko Ihor , Dzevochko Alona , Vorozhbiian Roman
Published: December 2021

The process of sulfation products neutralization in the production of surfactants is not basic, but at this stage the positive effects obtained at the stage of sulfation of organic matter with sulfur trioxide gas are fixed. To preserve the degree of sulfation obtained, it is necessary to carry out the neutralization process under conditions precluding the occurrence of hydrolysis in an acidic medium. The neutralization reaction takes place with a high heat release of about 40 kJ / mol. Analysis of the literature data showed that the neutralization process is not well covered. Little data and hardware and technological design of the process. The process of neutralization in industrial conditions is carried out in apparatus with mechanical turbine mixers, to remove the heat of the exothermic reaction, the paste from the neutralizer is fed into a water-borne heat exchanger and returns to the neutralizer again. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal technological parameters of the process of neutralization of sulfate products and the development of a mathematical model of this process. The results of experimental studies of the process of sulfation products neutralization with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide are presented. During the research, the influence of technological parameters on the quality indicators of neutralization products was determined, the main of which is the degree of sulfation. The optimal technological parameters for carrying out this process in a reactor with a stirrer under laboratory conditions were found. Based on the data obtained in the basis of this process, the use of a continuous-action reactor with a turbine mixer and with a combined heat exchanger. For the transition to an industrial reactor-neutralizer, a mathematical model has been developed, which makes it possible, by means of mathematical modeling, to correct technological parameters in industrial conditions.
Resident Training and the Assessment of Orthopaedic Surgical Skills
Authors: Bagley Joshua J. , Piazza Brian , Lazarus Michelle D. , Fox Edward J. , Zhan Xiang
Published: December 2021

Background:

Medical knowledge and technical skills are foundations of surgical competency. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) and the Resident Review Committee for Orthopaedic Surgery recently mandated simulation training to improve surgical skills, listing 17 surgical skills modules to improve residents' technical skills. However, there is no established tool to measure the effectiveness of these modules. The Global Index for Technical Skills (GRITS) tool has been previously validated for evaluating general surgery residents. The aim of this study was to determine whether the GRITS tool is valid, practical, and reliable in evaluating the skills of orthopaedic residents in a simulation setting, whether the outcomes correlate to performance in the operating room, and to what extent these simulation modules are valued by residents.

Methods:

Simulation performance was assessed longitudinally on 5 residents using the GRITS assessment through postgraduate years (PGY) 1 to 5 (n = 25 evaluations) in a simulated volar forearm approach using cadaveric specimens. An additional 20 PGY-1 residents were evaluated cross-sectionally in this same time frame. Written, open-ended feedback on the simulation experience was sought and analyzed via a thematic analysis. For correlative data, evaluations (n = 65 evaluations) of a variety of authentic surgical procedures were compiled on PGY-2 through PGY-5 orthopaedic residents and compared with the simulated experiences.

Results:

GRITS scores were averaged for each group of residents, and validity and reliability were assessed using R-software. PGY-1 residents' mean GRITS evaluation score (expressed as a value from 1 to 5) was 3.4. Longitudinally, this mean score increased over the PGY years 2-5 to 4.4, 4.7, 4.9, and 4.8, respectively. Of the parameters measured by GRITS, the lowest average scores were “flow of operation” and “time and motion” across all levels, although these did improve over PGY years 2 to 5. Findings were consistent between simulation and “real-world” procedures. Open-ended responses evaluating the module were positive.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that the GRITS tool shows promise as an effective and reliable method for assessing orthopaedic resident's technical skills based on an ABOS module system.
PHARMACEUTICAL PLANT SANITATION AND CLEANLINESS: STEP ONE ALONG THE WAY FOR QUALITY, SAFE AND EFFICACIOUS DRUGS
Authors:   Tariq Khan, Husssin Shaikh Riaz
Published: December 2021

Sanitation and Cleanliness plays a very important role in the manufacturing of efficacious, safe pharmaceuticals of high quality standard. A little carelessness or negligence in the follow up of the procedure can have adverse end result on the final product.
LAS CONCEPCIONES DE LOS PROFESORES DE CIENCIAS SOBRE LOS PROCESOS EDUCATIVOS: REVISIÓN Y PROPUESTAS PARA LA FORMACIÓN INICIAL DEL PROFESORADO DE SECUNDARIA
Authors: Poyato López Francisco José , Pontes Pedrajas Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Desde hace algún tiempo, estamos trabajando en un proyecto de investigación relacionado con la mejora de la formación inicial del profesorado de secundaria, por considerar que se trata de un tema fundamental para el futuro de nuestro sistema educativo. Uno de los aspectos más relevantes de este proyecto es la exploración de las concepciones previas de los futuros profesores del área científico-técnica y el diseño de propuestas metodológicas que contribuyan a su evolución y progreso durante el proceso de formación inicial. En este contexto nos ha surgido la necesidad de realizar una revisión de trabajos anteriores sobre esta temática, con objeto de proporcionar unos fundamentos sólidos al desarrollo de los trabajos que puedan realizarse en el marco de este proyecto. La finalidad principal de este estudio consiste en mostrar un resumen de la revisión realizada sobre el pensamiento curricular del profesorado, en torno a los procesos de aprendizaje, enseñanza y evaluación de las ciencias.
SELECTED FACTORS AFFECTING THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF ADULTS
Authors: Jarmużek Joanna
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to show the importance of educational activity of adults in the process of intentional designing one’s life: flexible actions depending on the needs and overcoming the deficits. The life-long education and the learning competences are essential in today’s world, that is why a closer look was taken on educational activity of adults and to research their ability to perform a self-directed learning and diagnose their learning motivation. The problem was examined in the salutogenesis paradigm, which was first defined by Aaron Antonovsky. The key concept for Antonovsky’s concept is the sense of coherence (SOC), which is a constant disposition of personality in adult life and determines the way we think, interpret, and make decisions and actions in our lives. The sense of coherence is characterized by a dimensional character (from weak to strong SOC) and is defined as a global orientation expressed in the sense of individual certainty that its external and internal environment is understandable and meaningful and life is worth the effort and commitment (Antonovsky 1979, 1986; Antonovsky &Sagy 2001). The ability of self-directed learning was correlated with the level of sense of coherence. In this article the results of the research are presented. The research was conducted on 427 persons in Poland. The research was focused on finding different factors influencing educational activity of adults, especially on the most significant activity: self-directed learning. The dependence of chosen variables was examined, in order to point out the features which might help adults to initiate their own learning activity.
TEACHERS’ COMPUTER-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING (CALL) LITERACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN SPAIN AND IRAN
Authors: Tafazoli Dara , Gómez-Parra María-Elena , Huertas-Abril Cristina A.
Published: December 2021

The application of technology in teacher education has received significant attention recently. It would be, somehow, impossible to deny the necessity of integrating technology in language education. The deficiency and illiteracy in delivering technology-based practices into instruction are assumed as key challenges of teachers in 21st-century education. This study aimed to explore the current level of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) literacy of language teachers in Iran and Spain. Moreover, the relationships between CALL literacy and their nationality are investigated. The study was based on a sample of 318 language teachers in Iran and Spain. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. To make a sound decision, the researchers agreed to utilize the Delphi method so that appropriate experts were chosen in order to ensure a valid study. In the data analysis phase, descriptive, t-test, and one-way ANOVA analyses were performed to answer the research questions. The findings of the study revealed that there is no difference between the participants’ CALL literacy of language teachers in terms of their nationality. Finally, pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research are presented.
Using of aluminium slags and products of their pro‑cessing in metallurgical production
Authors: Tribushevskiy L. V. , Nemenenok B. M. , Rumiantseva G. A. , Arabey A. V.
Published: December 2021

The work contains the results of the analysis of technical literature and author’s research on the use of aluminium slags and products of their processing in metallurgical production. It has been shown that the bulk of reagents derived from secondary aluminum production wastes (APWs) are used with increased sodium and potassium chloride. This creates some inconvenience for out‑of‑furnace steel treatment due to the increased chloride content in the working area. It is proposed for steel processing to use APWs formed during flux‑free melting or dump aluminium slags. This allows to reduce the content of salt fluxes residues to 1.0–1.5 % and to improve working conditions at ladle furnaces when liquefying refining slags.
Analysis of the composition and processing technologies of dispersed iron‑containing waste
Authors: Urbanovich N. I. , Korneev S. V. , Volosatikov V. I. , Komarov D. O.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the types of various dusty iron‑containing waste generated in metallurgical and foundry production. Rational waste processing technologies are considered. The analysis of the chemical composition of iron‑containing waste, morphology and particle size is presented. Variants of processing and use technology that are acceptable for the conditions of the Republic of Belarus are proposed.
Pollution Level and Health Risk Assessment for the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in the Marine Environment, and Aquatic Products From the Southern Sea Area of Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Hu Yuan , Zhou Chaosheng , Xu Kailun , Ke Aiyin , Zheng Yinuo , Lu Rongmao , Xu jilin
Published: December 2021

In order to evaluate the pollution level and risk of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), seawater, sediments, and organisms were sampled from the southern sea area of Zhejiang province (Yangtze River Delta, China) between 2017 and 2019. Petroleum hydrocarbons were widely present in the aquatic environment as well as in products, and their concentrations were highly variable. The average value of PI exceeded 1 from 2017 to 2018, 45.46% to 69.19% samples for seawater and 56.87% to 50.00% samples for sediment were polluted. The results showed significant differences in the TPH concentration in various aquatic organism species. The average TPH value in aquatic organisms order was bivalve＞shrimp＞crab＞fish, further reflecting the ability to accumulate and metabolize TPH exists differently among aquatic organisms within the same culturing pond environment. It is relatively safe to eat aquatic products based on the exposure risk index far below threshold values in this study. Therefore, it will be prudent to undertake regular monitoring of TPH to ensure effective ecosystem functioning as well as seafood safety in Zhejiang southern ocean.
Atomic Force Microscopy for the Evaluation of Corneal Surface Roughness after Femtosecond Laser Flap Creation and Excimer Ablation.
Authors: Cañones-Zafra Rafael , Gros-Otero Juan , Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Casado Santiago , Ketabi Samira , Villa-Collar Cesar , Teus Miguel A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: It is well known that the femtosecond laser lamellar cut has some degree of roughness. Nevertheless, as in femtosecond laser assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK), an excimer LASIK ablation is performed, the post-ablation stromal bed should show a marked decrease in roughness. We decided to compare, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the roughness of the corneal stromal bed, after a Femtosecond lasers device (FS) flap was created with or without an excimer myopic ablation.Methods: Using 6 freshly enucleated porcine eyes, we created in every eye a flap using a femtosecond laser. Additionally in 3 eyes an excimer laser ablation to correct -3 diopters (D) was made. AFM imaging of the remaining corneal stroma was performed. Ten different square areas of 20μm x 20μm at the central area of the stroma of each corneal sample were studied. The roughness parameters used was the root-mean-square (RMS) deviation from a perfectly flap plane.Results: The RMS deviation were 360 ± 120 nm in femtosecond laser only, and 110 ± 20 nm in those cases where excimer is also involved (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Our results show that the roughness of the surface treated with excimer is clearly lower than in the group with no excimer ablation, thus the application of laser excimer after a flap creation by femtosecond laser flap creation may soften the nano-irregularities created by this technique.
Impact of Aerial Humidity on Seasonal Malaria: An Ecological Study in Zambia
Authors: Duque Carolina , Lubinda Mukuma , Matoba Japhet , Sing'anga Caison , Stevenson Jennifer , Shields Timothy , Shiff Clive
Published: December 2021

Background:. Seasonal outbreaks of malaria in many parts of Africa are generally associated with rainfall; in dry seasons malaria declines but does not always cease. We postulated that aerial moisture associated with transpiration of peri-domestic trees may provide conditions to sustain pockets of mosquitoes. This study was designed to investigate this probability. Methods: Using miniature loggers designed to record moisture and temperature, set in trees and vegetation around nine selected homesteads in rural Zambia, we have shown that local tree and plant transpiration affecting the home could support the mosquito where it rests during hot dry seasons. We assessed the conditions which supported resting mosquitoes by recording the malaria case incidence rate measured at nearby health centres and clinics during the dry months. The loggers were placed in trees near the homestead with permission from the householder. No personal data were collected.Results: Data were recorded daily for three contiguous dry seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The results throw a light on conditions that impact the survival of malaria vectors in arid seasons particularly in African situations and suggests how Anopheles arabiensis and other species may survive the dry seasons. Periods of nocturnal aerial moisture correlated with increase in malaria case incidence rates recorded in the local health centres. Discussion: Data were recorded daily for three contiguous dry seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019. The results throw a light on conditions that impact the survival of malaria vectors in arid seasons particularly in African situations and suggests how Anopheles arabiensis and other species may survive the dry seasons. Periods of nocturnal aerial moisture correlated with increase in malaria case incidence rates recorded in the local health centres. The data also support the idea that mosquito species exist sporadically in widespread population demes of vector species and this likely helps repopulate habitats when the rains return.
Clinical Analysis of Chronic Active EBV Infection Involving Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Wei Ang , Li Zhigang , Ma Honghao , Zhang Liping , Zhang Jing , He Lejian , Lian Hongyun , Zhang Qing , Chen Sitong , Xu Jiatong , Wang Dong , Liu Wei , Zhang Rui , Wang Tianyou
Published: December 2021

Objective This study aimed to analyze the clinical manifestation, prognosis, and risk factors of pediatric chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) associated with gastrointestinal tract involvement.Methods This retrospective case series study included pediatric CAEBV associated with gastrointestinal tract involvement treated at Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2017 to Jun 2021. The control group was consisted of Children with CAEBV without gastrointestinal involvement. The clinical manifestations, laboratory and ultrasound examinations, treatment and prognosis of the children were observed.Results There were 15 children with CAEBV combined with gastrointestinal involvement, including 11 males and 4 females, accounting for 20.8% (15/72) of CAEBV patients in the same period, with an onset median age of 3.71 (0.64-14.47) years. The most common clinical manifestation at onset was diarrhea (13/15). Gastrointestinal ultrasound showed air accumulation accompanied by intestinal wall swelling and thickening, mild to moderate swelling of the surrounding mesentery and omentum, and enhanced echo. The endoscopic features were hyperemia, edema, and ulcers of variable morphological characteristics. Pathological examination showed lymphocyte infiltration with EBER (+), and the common involvement locations were the colon (n=6) and gastric antrum (n=3). The median follow-up time was 13.26 (0.31-51.89) months. Ten patients survived, and 5 patients died (including one patient who died of intestinal perforation due to necrotizing enterocolitis). Compared with the control group, the case group had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and whole blood EBV-DNA copies (P=0.038, 0.040 and < 0.001) and lower NK cell activity (P < 0.001). The 3-year overall survival rate of the case group was significantly lower than that of the control group (59.3%±12.9% vs. 79.4%±4.9%, P=0.021).Conclusion The incidence of CAEBV with gastrointestinal tract involvement was low. The most common involvement location was colon. CAEBV with gastrointestinal involvement had poor prognosis. Patients who had high whole blood EBV-DNA copy levels early in their illness were more likely to develop gastrointestinal involvement.