bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable tourism and the emergence of new environmental norms
Authors: Ogonowska Malgorzata , Torre Dominique
Published: February 2022

Since 1990s environmental protection and awareness became major issues. Consumers are more and more aware of environmental issues and conscious of existing pollution caused by mass tourism. Consequently a new segment of demand desiring sustainable tourism products have appeared, enhancing service providers to offer this type of products. This paper analyzes the evolution of service provider’s offer adapting to demand preferences modification. Using a theoretical framework, it explains how environmental quality standards become general norms in tourism industry. By analyzing cases of monopoly and duopoly, it considers different possible frameworks and strategic choices that may be implemented by the incumbent. Though, it explains the role of supply in the emergence of new environmental norms.
Gen Y consumers’ perceptions of quick service restaurant and the mediating role of purchase intentions – A case study of McDonald’s in Singapore
Authors: Lim Christine , Loh Sheena
Published: February 2022

This paper examines purchase intentions and brand loyalty with five dimensions of Quick Service Restaurant. The objectives of the study are to investigate the associations between consumers’ perceptions of Quick Service Restaurant and brand loyalty, and whether purchase intentions mediate these relationships. The measures used for the constructs were adapted from past studies and our hypotheses were tested using online survey data. This research was conducted from the perspective of Generation Y consumers in Singapore and we used McDonald’s, the market leader in the Singapore fast food industry, as the context for this study. The findings provided support for all the hypotheses, namely, that consumers’ perceptions of location, product menu, food quality, service crew and collectibles were positively related to purchase intentions. Moreover, the results indicate that the purchase intention variable played a mediating role in the relationship between location, product menu, food quality and brand loyalty. The findings have some useful managerial implications for the foodservice industry.
Governance for sustainable tourism: A review and directions for future research
Authors: Borges Maria , Eusébio Celeste , Carvalho Nuno
Published: February 2022

Over the past two decades there has been a growing interest in the topic of governance in the context of several domains of the social sciences. More recently, the growing attention given by investigators to governance and its implication for tourism development has raised several core questions. However, research is still fragmented and different interpretations of the governance concept might lead to multiple reflections. This paper aims to present and discuss some fundamental theoretical issues related to governance within the context of tourism, tourism destinations and sustainable development. Conceptualisation, dimension and scale of governance are presented based on a literature review. This approach will also be used to do a synthesis of the main methodologies that have been used so far for data collection and analysis in scientific studies within these fields. The paper argues that the concept of governance is multidimensional and that there are no standardized solutions to ensure success through a universal approach to governance. Private and public sector and other actors are being forced to promote synergies within the same geographical area of intervention in order to face global competition and governance arrangements can facilitate this. The review also reveals that there is still only limited systematic and comparable empirical evidence of the role of governance in sustainable tourism destinations. Finally, because governance might represent a new pattern of interaction between government, private sector and society to cope with old and new problems or to create new opportunities to develop a sustainable tourism, some pathways for future research on this topic are also identified.
The blooming paradise: algae blooms, environmental change and tourism
Authors: Foghagen Christer
Published: February 2022

Tourism has become an important sector for many rural areas in Sweden. For the island Öland tourism is an important economic niche and along with agriculture, the backbone of the local economy. Island tourism systems can however, be vulnerable to environmental change. Algae blooms have repeatedly affected Baltic Sea coastlines in recent years, and destination planners in Öland reported losses of 27 million Euros for the season in 2005 alone. This article investigates related impacts on tourist decisions within the camping sector, through interrelationships of algae blooms, weather conditions, supply of camping facilities and distance to attractions outside the camping area. It goes on to evaluate how important camping visitors state these different factors to be for their choice of destination. The method used in this article is a stated preference where the respondents are requested to evaluate a number of hypothetical alternatives. The results show that camping is an important niche within Swedish summer tourism. However, high reliance on sea, sun and sand as the primary tourism product might be challenged by weather extremes, precipitation and biotic change in the future. Proactive strategies and adaptation strategies are important steps to take in order to mitigate potential negative impacts for the future.
Revisiting the role of incoming tour operators (ITOs): initial findings from Eastern Norway
Authors: Mei Xiang
Published: February 2022

Rapid changes due to technological advancements suggest that tour operators’ (TOs) role in the distribution channel needs to be revisited. Based on Eastern Norway, a destination which has much growth potentials, TOs’ traditional role may be still useful due to the fragmented tourism industry. However, TOs’ general roles as intermediaries are not appreciated and understood by many industry operators. Focusing the discussion on incoming tour operators (ITOs), such operators can no longer solely survive by concentrating on its traditional customer base. In order to thrive in the increasingly competitive environment, ITOs must now seek new customer bases and redefine their role and “place” in the distribution channel.
How do Motivation, Pre-Visit Information Search and Destination Image affect Post-Visit Behavioural Intention? The case of an island destination
Authors: Chang Li-Hui , Stylos Nikolaos , Yeh Shih-Shuo , Tung Yu-Yun
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine tourists’ pre and post visit behaviours in Kinmen and the change of their perceived destination image about the place. Questionnaire interview was used to survey international tourists to Kinmen, Taiwan. The relevant survey was based on a self-administered questionnaire that finally generated 563 responses out of initially 610 questionnaires that were distributed. Thus, the return rate was 94%. The results indicate that pre-visit behaviour (comprised of motives, information search, and destination image) can influence post-visit behavioural intention directly and through decision making. Decision making also possess direct impact on post-visit behavioural intention, but has no mediating effect. The study has also indicated that certain socio-demographic variables possess significant influence on tourists’ pre-visit behaviours. Firstly, young and non-married respondents with less monthly salary are more likely to visit Kinmen for learning motives. Secondly, education level is the strongest predictor for tourists’ information search behaviours. Finally, socio-demographic variables possess little impact on destination image.
E-CRM dilemmas in developing markets: The case of a tourism company in Serbia
Authors: Kapoulas Alexandros , Ratković Dražen
Published: February 2022

This paper explores introduction of e–Customer Relationship Management in the tourism services industry in Serbia. By using a case study methodology, this paper reflects the attitudes of top management in Serbia’s biggest tourist agency regarding e-CRM implementation, where five top managers were interviewed, starting from general director, down to regional directors. Findings indicate that managers of this particular company are divided into two groups, based mostly on their age, but also based on their educational background. In this study, key informant interviews were conducted with the General Director, Commercial Director, Marketing Director, Product and Sales Manager and Turkish and Alpine Department Manager. They were identified as the key decision makers in the process of adoption of e-CRM at the “Alpha” tour operator. Same number of interviewees was used by Kothari et al. (2007) in their study regarding the process of adoption of an e-Procurement technology in a hotel company. As a result, most managers agreed that online customization of the arrangements, as an investment, would create only a niche market; and by niche market they mean a small market segment that is not worth spending money on.
People’s motivation, constraints and willingness to pay for green hotels
Authors: Chang Li-Hui , Hsiao Yu-Chen , Nuryyev Guych , Huang Mei-Ling
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among visitors’ demographics, motivations, constraints and willingness to stay in green hotels in Taiwan. The data, consisting of 461 usable questionnaires, were collected from the following green hotels in Taiwan: Hotel Royal Chihpen in Taitung County, Hotel Color in New Taipei City, and Guey Lin Hotel in Taoyuan County. Four hypotheses were developed regarding the effects demographics on motivation and constraints, as well as the effect of the latter two on willingness to pay. The results indicate that demographics are correlated with the visitors’ motivation and constraints, which in turn affect their willingness to pay for green hotels.
Trade with the EU, Variable Geometry and Human Rights in the EAC
Authors: Nissen Aleydis
Published: February 2022

The Economic Partnership Agreement between the East African Community (EAC) and the European Union (EU) is of particular importance for the Kenyan floriculture sector. While the other EAC Partner States remain reluctant to ratify this agreement, they allowed the Republic of Kenya to start its implementation under the principle of variable geometry in June 2021. Kenya and the EU then started a strategic dialogue in which they pledged to strengthen their cooperation on human rights issues. This article identifies two priorities for floriculture workers: Kenya’s ratification of the core labour rights Convention No. 87 on the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise and the broadening of an enabling space for an active, organised and transparent civil society.
Morphometric Variability in Soapnut (Sapindus Mukorossi) in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sankhyan Hari , Kairon Vinod , Singh N.B.
Published: February 2022

In order to select better seed sources for improved genetic gain and quality production of Sapindus mukorossi, (Ritha) twenty four seed sources and two D.B.H. classes from Himachal Pradesh were evaluated for fruits and seeds morphometric traits. The study revealed significant variation among different seed sources for all traits. Over all Banjar seed source was found to be superior followed by Garsa seed source for all morphometric traits. All traits found genetically controlled as revealed by high heritabilities.
Traditional utilization pattern of NTFPs among the tribal communities in Paderu division of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Neelima P. , Rao P. , Lakshminarayana K. , Kumar O.
Published: February 2022

The present paper consummates the traditional utilization pattern of NTFPs among the tribal communities in Paderu division of Visakhapatnam district, A.P, India. It has been observed that the traditional knowledge of NTFP utilization is on sharp decline due to modernization and lack of interest of the younger generations of the ethnic communities. Proper documentation of the NTFP species and their utilization pattern among the tribal communities is necessary to understand the exploitation of green resources among them. In the present investigation a total of 144 NTFP species belonging to 63 families were recorded and they were categorized into wild food, food additives, animal food, construction, materials, fuel, medicine, poison, social uses and environmental uses based on their traditional utilization pattern among the tribal communities in Paderu division.
Influence of weather sequence on rabi jowar crop yield at Solapur
Authors: KHAMBETE N. N. , VENKATARAMAN S.
Published: February 2022

The variations  in the grain. and fodder yield of M-35-1 jowar in sowing date trials at Solapur in two typical rainfall years are examined from the meteorological standpoint. The temperature regimes in the vegetative and flowering phases, moisture accretion at or near crop emergence, rainfall Incidence in the vegetative crop phase and soil moisture storage, emerge as the factors chiefly affecting ear development, initial crop stand fodder yield and grain out-turn respectively. The final yield is a result of the interplay of the above effects. More such multi-location studies appear warranted.
Quantitative precipitation forecasting for hydrological prediction over catchment areas with inadequate agrological data by the method of atmospheric water balance
Authors: GUPTA G. R. , SRIVASTAVA K. K. , MEHRA H. C. , BANSAL S. R.
Published: February 2022

In this paper attempt has been made to estimate rate of precipitation per unit area in and around northeast India containing the catchment of river Bhagirathi by the method of tmospheric water balance as developed by Palmen.
In order to overcome the inadequacy of upper air temperature, wind and humidity data, due to the absence of a waves radiosonde / rawin station in the catchment and the paucity of a close network of such stations in the neighbourhood, radiosonde /rawin data of remote stations like Allahabad, Calcutta, Gauhati, Delhi, Nagpur, Visakhapatnam and port Blair have been made use of for working out the specific humidities at isobaric levels by drawing isopleths of specific humidities and interpolating the values at intermediate points. The isopleths themselves have been drawn with due regard to the airmass prevailing over the area during the rainstorm period. Similarly, isopleths of U and V components of the observed upper winds prevailing over the region have been drawn with reference to the synoptic situation. Upper wind data of pilot balloon stations have also been utilised in addition to those of the radiosonde/  rawin stations for the drawing of isopleths of wind. The divergence of wind has then been calculated by using finite difference method.
The rates of precipitation at different stations and consequently the isohyets of total amounts of precipitation for 9 hours have been compared with those of the observed rainfall at 0830 and 1730 hours of the same day, for individual days of the rainstorm period. The estimated precipitation for 9-hour has also been compared with the observed precipitation at 0830 IST of the next day as the calculated isohyetal patterm for 24 hours was identical with that of the 9 hours except in the magnitudes of the station precipitation. The mean observed storm precipitation has also been compared with the mean calculated amounts of precipitation for the same period as also the precipitation for the period of the storm and 1-day prior to the storm. Storm efficiencies have been calculated between the observed rainfall and the estimated amounts of rainfall. Daily and the mean vertical distribution of the horizontal transport of moisture has been plotted for the storm period.
On interaction between tropical cyclones over Indian seas and neighbourhood
Authors: MUKIIERJEE A. K . , Gupta H.V. , GURUNADIlAM G .
Published: February 2022

During November 1977 two severec yclonic storms. one over Arabian Sea. another over Ray of Bengal came close to each other and started interacting. As a  result Bay storm moved northnor hwcstwards and Arabian Sea storm moved eastsoutheastwards. ased on the theory of motion of binary tropical cyclones as enunciated by Haurwitz, the angles of rotation of the binaryaxis have been computed and found to have excellent agreement with the observed results. Towards the end another cyclone formed over ndianOceansouth of equator. The possibility of  inte raction of two cyclones on both sides of equator has also been indicated.
Dry spell probability by Markov chain model and its application to crop developmental stages
Authors: VICTOR U. S. , SASTRY P. S. N.
Published: February 2022

A first order Markov chain model has been fitted to daily  rainfall data of tbe monsoon months in the Delhi region. Conditional probabilities, length of dry spells for different cumulative probabilities with particular reference to  developmental stages of bajra crop in the kharif season have been computed and illustrated by means of   nomograms.
A mathematical model on the suppression of hail growth
Authors: SINHA D. K. , BANERJI BRATATI , CHAUDHURI SUTAPA
Published: February 2022

This paper presents essentially a dynamic model on the suppression of hail growth in mathe matical terms. The interaction between the hygroscopic seeding and microphysical parameters are considered and their effects on the total amount of hail and rainfall available at the surface are investigated. The present model reveals some important charlatanistic features on the control of the growth of a hailstone. Correlations are observed between seeding and embryo radius as well as between seeding and the density of the hailstone.

 

The concentration of ice is found to reduce sufficiently in the seeded case with a possibility of less availability of hail at the surface. The present model is compared with the model developed by the same group of authors (Banerji et al. loc. cit.). It is found that the hygroscopic seeding controls the growth of hailstone.
Time distribution of design storm rainfall over various sub-catchments of river Mahanadi
Authors: MUKHERJEE K. , APTE N.Y.
Published: February 2022

In estimation of design flood a basic parameter used is design storm. Design storm computation includes spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall .In the present study an attempt has been made to compare the values of time distribution of rainfall of different sub-catchments of the river Mahanadi with that of the entire catchment.
Verification of medium range forecasts produced by a global spectral model
Authors: BASU B.K.
Published: February 2022

A 40 wave 121ayer global spectral model based on diabatic primitive equations in spherical coordinates has been integrated for a 23-dayperiod starting with the initial fields of 12 GMT of 15 December 1986. Results of verification of model outputs, following the procedure laid down by WMO, are presented in this study. Model verification statistics have been computed for the global regime as well as the Indian window (45° E-120° E, 15 S-55° N). It is found that uninitialised analysis and forecast are well correlated for a period up to 5 days for both the global domain and the Indian window.
A meso-scale study of unusually heavy rainfall satellite over south Kerala
Authors: GUPTA G. R.
Published: February 2022

On 17-18 October 1964 unusually heavy rainfall (40.10 cm) occurred in association with a thunderstorm at Trivandrum in Kerala State. A meso-scale study of the rainfall is attempted which shows a small vortex traveling across Trivandrum on the night of 17October and causing unusually heavy rainfall. The orography might have further accentuated the situation at Ponmudi where 40.64 cm rainfall at a distance of 10 km occurred. Thus, existence of a low  level meso-scale vortex & sudden strengthening of winds in upper troposphere provided favorable conditions for development of severe thunderstorm activity over Trivandrum. Region of maximum rainfall followed the track of this vortex.
Interannual variability of precipitation in Sri Lanka: comparative study of observation periods 1881-1980, 1931-1980, 1951-1980
Authors: NAUMANN M.
Published: February 2022

On the basis of the annual absolute rainfall totals over a 100-year period (1881-1980) the interannual rainfall variability of 14 meteorological stations Sri Lanka is being discussed by means of different statistical indices in comparison with the observation periods 1931-1980 and 1951-1980. Number, frequency and probability of occurrence of drought (<75%) of the arithmetical rainfall mean), drought-free (>75%) and wet years (>125 %) were examined under temporal and regional aspect (wet and dry zone of Sri Lanka). There is a very distinct rainfall variability in all three observation periods with in the dry zone in the wet zone, the drought years within longer drought-free periods are fewer an occur sporadically. According to an evaluation key the drought years .1975-1978 are on an extraordinary high level comparable only with the years 1908-1911. Drought years with a maximum intensity are 1974 (with in the dry zone) and 1908(1976 (within the wet zone) and wet years 1957 {in dry Zone) and 1963 (in wet zone).
Implementasi Model ATIK untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Halus Anak dalam Kegiatan Menggambar Menggunakan Crayon di PAUD Saya Anak Indonesia
Authors: Ningsih Dwi Yuniati , Watini Sri
Published: February 2022

Kemampuan menggambar merupakan salah satu kemampuan yang dapat mengembangkan Motorik Halus Anak Usia Dini. Faktanya kemampuan tersebut berkurang bahkan hilang ketika anak memasuki jenjang Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model ATIK dalam meningkatkan Motorik halus anak dalam kegiatan menggambar menggunakan Krayon di PAUD Saya Anak Indonesia Kecamatan Cilincing Jakrta Utara. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyak terjadi kegagalan dalam memberika pembelajaran untuk anak Usia Dini pada kemampuan menggambar, dibuktikan dengan hilangnya kompetensi menggambar anak pada saat di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Tindakan Kelas anak Usia Dini. metode penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) Guru di PAUD Saya Anak Indonesia Kecamatan Cilincing, Jakarta Utara dengan analisis data model Borg & Gall. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa Observasi dan Wawancara. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan berdasarkan pada uji efektivitas, maka Model ATIK ini efektif dalam Meningkatkan Fisik Motorik Anak Melalui kegiatan Menggambar Menggunakan Krayon.
Membaca Ulang Kisah Natal dari Bingkai Spiritualitas Pentakosta
Authors: Manurung Kosma
Published: February 2022

Christmas is a celebration commemorating the birth of the Lord Jesus which in the Bible record is a story whose beginning was in God's plan long before the event itself occurred. By using a descriptive analysis approach and literature review, this research intends to offer a perspective on the Christmas story from the Pentecostal spirituality frame. This article contains several examples of the idea of Christmas in the Bible both in the Old Testament and reviews the first Christmas story in the New Testament and also the meaning of Christmas in the context of Pentecostal spirituality. It is concluded that Christmas is the fulfillment of God's promise, Christmas is about divine reconciliation, Christmas also talks about mission, and Christmas is God's means to restore the effects of sin. Natal adalah sebuah perayaan memperingati kelahiran Tuhan Yesus yang dalam catatan Alkitab merupakan sebuah kisah yang permulaannya sudah ada dalam rencana Allah jauh sebelum peristiwa itu sendiri terjadi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif analisis dan kajian literatur penelitian ini bermaksud menawarkan sebuah sudut pandang tentang kisah natal dari bingkai spritualitas Pentakosta. Artikel ini berisikan beberapa contoh ide natal dalam Alkitab baik di Perjanjian Lama maupun ulasan kisah natal pertama di Perjanjian Baru dan juga arti natal dalam bingkai spritulitas Pentakosta. Disimpulkan bahwa natal adalah pengenapan janji Allah, natal berintikan tentang rekonisiali ilahi, natal juga berbicara tentang misi, dan natal menjadi sarana Allah untuk memulihkan dampak dosa.
Konsep Memuliakan Tuhan Berdasarkan Lukas 17:11-19 dan Signifikansinya Dalam Kehidupan Abad Modern
Authors: Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: February 2022

In modern times the understanding of the phrase glorifying God has been reduced to only spiritual and church activities or actions. Excavation of the biblical text on the story of Luke 17:11-19 becomes the basis or pattern for compiling its implications for the lives of believers in this modern era. For believers, glorifying God is an attitude of the heart and deepest awareness of the existence of God as the only Supreme Being. The research hopes to provide a correct understanding of the phrase glorifying God according to the story in Luke 17:11-19 so that believers can apply it correctly in their daily lives. The method used is descriptive qualitative research through a literature study approach. The results of the research found that actions and attitudes are the fruit of a state of the soul that glorifies God. Some important points about it are: first, humility is the first step to glorify God. Second, there is an acknowledgment of the authority of the Lord Jesus and giving the highest respect. Third, glorifying God contains a high level of trust and obedience. Fourth, placing God as the only necessity of life. Fifth, glorifying God properly will be marked by the fruits of concrete life that can be felt directly by God and others. Sixth, believers who glorify God will be able to become living models for others. Seventh, being able to let go of the world and all the modern pleasures it offers to focus on living only for God.Pada masa modern ini pemahaman terhadap frasa memuliakan Tuhan mengalami reduksi hanya sebatas pada aktivitas atau tindakan rohani dan bergereja. Penggalian teks Alkitab pada kisah Lukas 17:11-19 menjadi dasar atau pola untuk menyusun implikasinya terhadap kehidupan umat percaya di era modern ini. Bagi umat percaya, memuliakan Tuhan  merupakan sikap hati dan kesadaran jiwa terdalam akan keberadaan Tuhan sebagai satu-satunya yang Maha Mulia. Penelitian ini memiliki harapan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang benar terhadap frasa memuliakan Tuhan sesuai kisah dalam Lukas 17:11-19 sehingga umat percaya dapat menerapkannya secara benar dalam keseharian hidup. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah riset kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan studi kepustakaan. Hasil riset menemukan bahwa tindakan dan sikap adalah buah dari keadaan jiwa yang memuliakan Tuhan. Beberapa poin penting tentang hal itu yaitu: pertama, kerendahan hati menjadi langkah awal memuliakan Tuhan. Kedua, adanya pengakuan otoritas Tuhan Yesus dan memberikan penghormatan setinggi-tingginya. Ketiga, memuliakan Tuhan memuat sikap percaya tingkat tinggi dan ketaatan. Keempat, menempatkan Tuhan sebagai satu-satunya kebutuhan hidup. Kelima, memuliakan Tuhan secara benar akan ditandai dengan buah-buah kehidupan konkrit yang dapat dirasakan langsung oleh Tuhan dan sesama. Keenam, umat percaya yang memuliakan Tuhan akan mampu menjadi model yang hidup bagi sesama. Ketujuh, mampu melepaskan dunia beserta semua kenikmatan  modern yang ditawarkan di dalamnya untuk fokus hidup hanya bagi Tuhan.
Nutritional support in a patient with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Bisotto Jóyce da Rosa , Gorini Albert Pinto Coelho , Claudino Luana Dias , Zatt João Vitor Dal Ponte , Boer Daniel Trahtman de , Kern Gustavo Matas , Abdalla Yasser Abrahão , Fontana Vanessa Cardoso , Lutz Leticia Misturini , Coelho Jaqueline Costa
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be taken into account in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since diarrhea negatively affects the patient's quality of life. Given this condition, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) enterocolitis may present with fever, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea, and hematochezia. Objective: This study aimed to report the effect of enteral supplementation with L-glutamine and oligomeric enteral nutritional therapy (ENT) formula in patients with cytomegalovirus, and with refractory diarrhea associated with wasting HIV syndrome. Methods: The information contained in this report was obtained through a review of the medical record and a review of the literature. Results: This is the report of S. S. A, a female, 27 years old, who was admitted to Hospital Ernesto Dornelles, in Porto Alegre, from 11/15/2020 to 12/30/2020, diagnosed with HIV for a month, without undergoing treatment. The patient was hospitalized due to worsening abdominal pain starting 2 days ago, with diarrhea and mental confusion. On physical examination, she presented pain in the lower abdominal region. From anthropometry, the measured weight of 67kg, the self-reported height of 1.67m, and BMI of 24kg/m2. On 11/17, she presented PCR-CMV positive for CMV and underwent laparotomy for pneumoperitoneum with endarterectomy due to perforation of the distal ileum. In use of ganciclovir for CMV. On December 2, the upper digestive endoscopy with biopsy showed an esophagus with the Z-line located close to the diaphragmatic clamping, with esophageal mucosa with extensive, friable, serpiginous ulcers, being a valuable diagnosis in CMV enterocolitis. From 12/04 to 12/08, she used exclusive enteral L-glutamine 20g/day. On 12/09, she started an oligomeric formula via the low-flow enteral route with progression to the caloric and protein targets. On 12/30, the patient had improved diarrhea, with a depressible and painless abdomen, and had been discharged. Final Considerations: In the present report, it was obtained a beneficial effect with the nutritional intervention using L-glutamine and enteral oligomeric formula in the treatment of diarrhea. Thus, the improvement in the condition in just 5 days can be explained by the rhythm of the enterocyte cell cycle, which occurs in an average period of 3 days, and it is possible that the 4 day period of nutritional intervention is sufficient to increase endogenous levels of L-glutamine.
A case report on the septic arthritis in a newborn: therapeutic approaches and major considerations
Authors: Martins Glendha Stephanie , Zilio Mateus Garcia , Queiroz Daniel Pimenta , Vendramini Gabriela Garbuio , Borgo Marcelo , Oliveira Luis Otávio Garcia de , Rego Felipe Fonseca , Mendes Airton José
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The prevalence of septic arthritis (SA) is higher in underdeveloped countries than in developed countries, and the number of hospitalizations of children for this cause is decreasing and the most prevalent age group is between 0 and 4 years of age. Clinical history and detailed physical examination are essential to make an accurate diagnosis, but the neonatal period has certain limitations. Objective: To report a case of septic arthritis that occurred in a newborn admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to its serious condition, morbidity, and unusual evolution of the pathology in the pediatric population, scarcity of epidemiological data on the subject, still aiming address aspects of the treatment of the disease. Case report: Male patient, born on 09/11/2020 at Santa Casa de Tupã, Sao Paulo, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 6 days, through cesarean delivery and without complications, obtaining APGAR 9 and 10, and maintained in a room with the mother. The morning after birth, the newborn (NB) began to groan and have mild respiratory distress. The patient evolved with worsening of the breathing pattern and oxygen was concentrated at 6L/min in Hood's Halo, presenting hyperthermia, hyperemia, and edema in the right elbow. Laboratory tests showed an increase in C-Reactive Protein and worsened hematimetric indices of the blood count, and antibiotic therapy was then started with oxacillin 50 mg/kg/dose and amikacin 15 mg/kg/day. The ultrasound of the right elbow showed skin thickening, absence of collections, and no changes in vasculature, being suggestive of cellulite. A new ultrasound of the right elbow showed bulging, intra-articular collection, and discreet collection with extra-articular communication in the medial region, being suggestive of septic arthritis. Blood culture collection resulted in the growth of gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus) in a pair of samples. The patient received intravenous treatment with Vancomycin for 14 days with clinical and laboratory improvement of the infection and was discharged with the use of oral Clindamycin for another 14 days and physical therapy follow-up for rehabilitation of movement of the affected limb. Final considerations: Due to the unusual evolution of SA in the neonatal period, and the scarcity of literature on the pathology in this age group, the importance of further studies on the subject, and greater surveillance for neonatal diagnosis, in addition to early treatment to reduce of complications.
The culture of the perfect body: analysis of the use of dietary and anorectic elements to weight loss and eating disorders
Authors: Marouelli Erika Bueno , Ferreira Stéfanne Sara , Scriboni Andreia Borges
Published: February 2022

Eating disorders are psychological disorders that directly affect the physical health of those who suffer from them, with a high mortality rate. Women are more prone to eating disorders than men, which is why most research focuses on women. Thus, 10% of patients with eating disorders are men. The results of bibliographical research are presented through in-depth interviews about the perception of the body that Social Work and Psychology professionals, who worked in both the public and private sectors, as an element that can influence eating disorders. This perception has been analyzed as an element that influences eating disorders. This research reaches three main conclusions: First, the body is considered by professionals as an instrument to stop time when personal identity problems arise, especially when the patient is a woman. Second, professionals perceive their patients' bodies as a responsibility in open conflict with social perceptions seen as something unattainable, ideal, and subject to unattainable parameters. Finally, the perception of the body is guided by social imaginaries in which morality (taboo and sin) and the biological are predominant.
The health of young people in Sri Lanka: conducive environment for road to adulthood – a desk review
Authors: Vidanapathirana Janaki , Wijegoonewardene Nimali
Published: February 2022

Investing in young people is considered a high priority for developing a strong foundation for the future and it has higher benefit-cost ratios. Identifying the present environment in Sri Lanka for the health of young people is important for providing recommendations for the future.  This desk review was carried out to review the current environment that is facilitating the health of young people in Sri Lanka. The documents relevant for understanding the current context of policies and strategies on the health of young people were studied. Databases including Google Scholar and PubMed, websites, and documents collected from the experts and key persons were searched. A narrative report with key recommendations was prepared by synthesis of the information extracted. According to the review, there are policies, laws guidelines, and programs in Sri Lanka that address youth health and support access for services and also provide an environment that is conducive for access. These are supported directly and indirectly to the access and provision of the health of youth. There are many positive aspects for youth in the areas of education and health, although there are certain challenges and gaps yet to be addressed. There are very few misleading legal frameworks that prevent youth from accessing sexual health services. Restructuring of school and higher education systems, focusing on a skill-based education system, is an investment that will have a direct effect on promoting the health status of youth. The establishment and strengthening of youth-friendly services will be of utmost importance to improve the status of Sri Lankan youth, addressing the health issues in youth will need inter-sectoral collaboration.
Voices in the Hill: Stories of Trauma and Inspiration
Authors: Goldberg Susan , O'Connor Camille
Published: February 2022

Narrative interviews documenting individual and community trauma in the Hill District of Pittsburgh emerged from a capstone undergraduate community engagement psychology course that was a joint project between Duquesne University and FOCUS Pittsburgh. The interview project, which we gave the name Voices in the Hill, sought life stories and existential meaning-making of people involved with the Hill District of Pittsburgh, a formerly flourishing African-American community now mired in poverty due to a juncture of sociological, historical, and political forces. Themes that emerged from the interviews included abuse, mental health issues, and failures of the larger society. With the facilitation of FOCUS Pittsburgh, we discuss how these traumatized people created existential meaning and empowerment in their lives. We explore how their individual stories emerged from larger societal processes such as racism, discrimination, and loss of community, as well as other impacts of “root shock.” We also share the moving impact of the work on students.
Length of College Service Experience Effect on Future Life Over Time
Authors: Gamble Susan , Nichols Allison , Miltenberger Margaret , Hicks Kelly , Wilkins Shirley
Published: February 2022

The college experience offers many opportunities for students to become engaged in service activities. Most studies about these activities have been conducted on populations of students who have either just completed their service activity or just graduated from college. Inconsistent findings on how the length of service activities during college influence choices later in life have left researchers unsure of the value in lengthening service opportunities. To determine if the length of service makes a difference on benefits associated with service, an online survey of 277 former college student volunteers ranging in age from 21 to 71 was completed. Findings showed a positive effect with the length of service on future service attitudes, dispositions, and behavior. The study found that as the length of the time period volunteers served for one organization in college increased, the more likely they were to give service later in life, value giving service to others in need, and believe they could make a difference in their community.
Gandhian philosophy: Relevance in present system of education
Authors: Dua Anshula
Published: February 2022

Mahatma Gandhi ideology was diversified in the ancient era, as for social upliftment he emphasised on secularism, gender equality, education to the girl child, moral values in life and to avoid untouchability. For economic benefit he initiated the swadeshi movement that is to boycott the imported goods for the benefit of the country. For international peace, he emphasised that we should avoid war and solve the disputes peacefully. For environmental protection he always believed in cleanliness, health and hygiene. Following on his footstep our present Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi started the Swach Bharat Mission in 2014. In the field of education he emphasised on basic education along with craft centered education which helps the students in earning their livelihood. In the view of prevailing situation, an attempt has been made in the present article to examine the relevance of Gandhian philosophy in present system of education. Father of the nation worked for every aspect whether it’s social, economic or international but whether these contribution find their place in present scenario? Will the contribution in the field of education help the students in the 21st century? Well according to researches Gandhiji gave the scheme of education for modern India, which is known as the first blue print of national system of education, which is job centered, value based and mass oriented.
The method development for synthesizing chiral CCC-NHC Zr pincer complexes
Authors:   , Chakraborty Amarraj
Published: February 2022

There are numerous classes of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) that have been synthesized since the discovery of stable NHCs in 1988. Their application as ligands in metal complexes has received much attention because of their strong sigma-donor and poor pi-acceptor properties. Within these NHC metal complexes, we are interested in studying zirconium metal complexes with pincer NHC ligands. Recently, achiral CCC-NHC pincer zirconium complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activity in intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes were reported. Herein is reported new reaction conditions which yield pure, chiral CCC-NHC Zr pincer mono(amido) dibromo complex. The enantiopure crystal structure of the same complex is reported. Attempts to synthesize chiral CCC-NHC Zr pincer bis- and tris- amido complexes with the iodo salt of the ligand precursor are summarized. Moreover, syntheses of chiral bis(imidazolinium) ligand precursors with different counter anions are reported with optimized reaction conditions.
Landowner willingness to participate in a grassland conservation program facilitating ecosystem services
Authors:   , Jayalath Tharaka A. Jayalath
Published: February 2022

Grasslands provide a number of goods and services that benefit humans, but only a few have a market value. Despite the benefits provided, native grasslands continue to be degraded. Lack of a proper valuation, including a monetary value of nonmarket goods and services, has become one of the factors contributing to this trend. The objective of this research was to quantify the cost of increasing provision of ecosystem services from grasslands in the Gulf Coastal Plains and Ozarks Landscape Conservation Cooperative geographic area of the United States and identify effective landowner engagement strategies for their provision. A contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to estimate landowner willingness to accept (WTA) compensation in exchange for implementing management practices preserving grassland ecosystems. The mean WTA compensation level was $290.10 per acre per year during a 10-year contract. Results will be helpful in quantifying future funding levels necessary for implementation of coordinated conservation activities in grasslands and other ecosystems and developing conservation programs in the United States and other countries.
The influence of multimodal distractions on computer user performance
Authors:   , Niu Ziyi
Published: February 2022

Information systems provide users with valuable information that is relevant to users’ tasks, as well as irrelevant information that is not helpful to the user. Irrelevant information become a distraction and distract the users from their current task, there by impairing performance. Guided by distraction-conflict theory, processing efficiency theory, attentional control theory, cognitive load theory and memory for goals theory, this study investigated the distraction effect by exploring the research question, “How do task-irrelevant distractions interrupt the users of information systems and influence their performance?”. To investigate how distractions from technology influence users’ performance, this experimental research examined the relationship between the variables of distraction, cognitive load, anxiety and task performance. Data were gathered through lab experiment using imotion eye tracking system. The major findings revealed that task-irrelevant distraction negatively influenced the users by increase anxiety and cognitive load as well as increase the time devoted to primary task. We also found that the cognitive load partially mediates the relationship between distraction and time spending on task.
DISCOVERY OF PROTEINS SECRETED BY CHICK LIMB BUD CELLS IN RESPONSE TO MECHANICAL LOADING
Authors:   , Marr Misti Lane
Published: February 2022

The global objective of this research was to identify the proteins secreted by stem cells in response to mechanical stress. Since it has been shown in previous studies that conditioned medium from compressed chick limb bud cells cultured in alginate can initiate chondrogenesis in non-compressed cells, it was hypothesized that the conditioned medium contains valuable growth/differentiation factors. Due to cartilage?s limited capacity for repair, factors that stimulate stem-cell mediated regeneration are highly sought. To discern these proteins, conditioned medium was collected from cyclically compressed stage 23/24 chick limb buds suspended in alginate. The proteins were extracted, separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis, and evaluated by mass spectroscopy. While a few regulators of chondrogenesis were observed, such as FGF receptor, actin, and IP3 receptor, many potential peptides were not found in the database. However, this study showed that ascertaining proteins produced by chondrocytes in response to mechanical stimulation should be pursued.
DIFFERENCES IN ACCEPTABILITY OF THREE POTENTIAL TREATMENTS FOR ATTENTIONDEFICIT/ HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER WHEN RECOMMENDED BY A SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER,A SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST, AND A PEDIATRICIAN
Authors:   , Carter Stacy Lynn
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the current study was to examine levels of treatment acceptability associated with three frequently implemented interventions (medication, token economy with response cost, and time-out) for children with characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). An additional purpose was to investigate the influence that the professional affiliation or label (i.e., special education teacher, school psychologist, and pediatrician) of the consultant making a treatment recommendation may have on the acceptability of a proposed treatment for a child displaying characteristics of ADHD. The participants consisted of 63 members of school assistance teams recruited from southwestern school districts. Participants read a case description of a child displaying characteristics of ADHD and a treatment vignette which manipulated the type of treatment recommended and the occupational title of the consultant making the treatment recommendation. Participants then rated the acceptability of the treatments using the Abbreviated Acceptability Rating Profile. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in treatment acceptability ratings, with medication receiving less acceptable ratings than the other treatments and that the medication treatment was considered less acceptable when recommend by a special education teacher than when recommended by either a school psychologist or a pediatrician. A statistically significant interaction was identified between the consultant recommending the treatment and the type of treatment. This study investigated whether the consultant making a treatment recommendation impacted the level to which the treatment was accepted. This is unique in that the influence of the consultant making a treatment recommendation has not previously been studied in the literature on treatment acceptability. This finding may be useful when considering the frequency in which consultants from different occupations make recommendations. Recommendations for future research in treatment acceptability are discussed.