bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Method for Motivation by Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Authors: Akao Yoji
Published: November 2014

This paper presented a study on proposing a method for motivation with the use of QFD. It was reported by three students who majored in MOT at Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University in 2009. QFD has been widely used in manufacture and service industries for making improvement with the existing products and programs. However, in this study, QFD was not used in the sense of “activation” to improve motivation. Rather, it took the viewpoint of “what is required by customers”, the central theme QFD, to approach the problem. With reference to the process of knowledge conversion suggested by the SECI Model, the study operated with the basic principles and steps of QFD. In the paper, the major steps of QFD leading to setting quality planning were outlined and the implication of the study was discussed.
Challenges to Business Excellence: Some Empirical Evidence
Authors: Brown Alan
Published: November 2014

The business excellence models are used by many organisations around the world as a strategic driver for business improvement and in some cases as the basis for applications for awards based on the models. These include the Baldrige, EFQM, Australian Business Excellence Framework and many other national and regional models. Whilst many award recipients showcase their achievements, comparatively little is known about the challenges and impediments they face in reaching and sustaining high levels of success as evidenced by winning awards. This paper seeks to identify challenges faced by examining the experience of a sample of Australian Business Excellence Award winners. Findings suggest that the primary challenges include; leadership support, drive and consistency throughout the organisation and communicating strategy and making it meaningful for people at all levels. The study also found variability in challenges across organisations.
Innovative Engineering Organizational Excellence Best Practices Through Capturing Tacit Knowledge: Evidence from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Magd Hesham A. E.
Published: November 2014

This article studies the way tacit knowledge is dealt with in a high turnover business environment through a qualitative research approach in an engineering organization in Saudi Arabia with respect to organizational culture and values and the effect in competitive stance. The study found peer review process and managerial supervisory style to be effective in enabling new employees in a short time with knowledge critical for them to do a successful job, core values, and open door policy to be necessary factors in forming a fertile environment for a quick tacit knowledge harvesting. The study also showed that a good competitive stance and customer satisfaction can be achieved and maintained through implementation of an innovative peer review process. The study revealed that noneffective utilization of knowledge management technical resources was evident in the current study which may impact on achieving competitive advantage.
The effect of selected supercritical CO2 plant extract addition on user properties of shower gels
Authors: Vogt Otmar , Sikora Elżbieta , Ogonowski Jan
Published: November 2014

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels.
An experimental study on drying characteristics and kinetics of figs (Ficuscarica)
Authors: Sarvestani F. Sabet , Rahimi A. , Hatamipour M.S.
Published: November 2014

In this study, the thin-layer drying characteristics of Figs (Ficus carica) are investigated in a pilot scale forced convective dryer. Experiments carried out under various operating conditions including air temperature (40, 50, 60, 70°C), air velocity (0.65, 2.1, 3.45, 4.85 m/s) and air humidity (0.005, 0.010, 0.015 kg/kg) and the effects of these operating conditions on the drying kinetics and the drying time determined. The obtained kinetics data are fitted into a conceptually developed model. The equilibrium moisture content of the dried figs is determined at different values of temperature and relative humidity of air. The values of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) are obtained from the Fick’s second law and a temperature-dependent relation is proposed for this parameter.
Role of Preschoolers in Motivation for Physical Activity in Their Families
Authors: Piech Krzysztof , Grad Rafał
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Family-oriented strategies of promoting physical activity are underused. In the last few years there has been a significant decrease in number of research on family as a promoter of physical activity. The research, when conducted, focuses on the influence parents' activity has on that of their children. There is a need for assessment of child's influence on parents' physical activity. Material and methods. The survey utilises an opinion poll in the form of a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 100 parents who were invited together with their children to a recreational fair. Results. The survey shows that child may be the person encouraging their parents to active recreation. Symptoms of this are: encouraging the parents to take part, satisfaction with the decision to take part in the event and the amount of positive sensations during play. The parents were of opinion that their both, children's as well as teacher's encouragement, was the most important factor in their decision to participate. Conclusions. The research indicated that after the fair children encouraged their parents to play together, whereas parents used games from the fair in their family free time. Because of the fact that the offered model of recreational event for families engaged and interested the participants, it is worth promoting in pedagogical sphere.
Synchronous SSVEP Data Acquisition System
Authors: Kotyra Sławomir , Wójcik Grzegorz M. , Smolira Marcin
Published: November 2014

Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials have been known for several decades and they appear in the primary visual cortex of brain as a result of light stimulation of the sense of sight. In this article a simple method for electroencephalographic data acquisition is presented. The system is based on the DSM-51 unit connected to goggles with blinking diodes and Mindset-1000 EEG amplifier with 16 channels. We present self-developed hardware and method of effective synchronization for the light stimulation and brain activity recording.
On the capacity of survival analysis with the R language
Authors: Krajka Andrzej , Krawczak Paweł , Mlak Radosław
Published: November 2014

In order to make the big data mining analysis we meet the limit of computer capacity. We concentrate here on such a situation. We describe the problem, test the key fragment of the algorithm and conclude on the possibilities of similar computations
Rare Late Miocene Seal Taxa (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Sea Basin
Authors: Koretsky I. , Rahmat S. , Peters N.
Published: November 2014

Rare Late Miocene Seal Taxa (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Sea Basin. Koretsky, I., Rahmat, S., Peters, N. - Th e discovery of new late Miocene fossil true seals from the North Sea Basin in Northern Europe provides important information regarding the radiation of monachines and phocines in the Eastern Atlantic. Examination of the first fossil seal remains from the Gram Formation, western Denmark, allowed redescriptions and emended diagnoses of several taxa. Analysis of diagnostic material recovered from western Denmark and Th e Netherlands shows the presence of at least three phocid genera and reveals new information on the taxonomic variability of true seals. Due to the close relationships that exist between these phocid faunas, a correlation was demonstrated between different localities of Northern and Western Europe and provides the opportunity to associate localities of the Western and Central Paratethys with the eastern and western shores of the North Atlantic. Morphological analyses of postcranial material identifi ed three new late Miocene species (Pontophoca jutlandica, Subfamily Monachinae; Gryphoca nordica and Platyphoca danica, both Subfamily Phocinae), suggesting that the maximum evolutionary diversity of mid-Tertiary phocids occurred first in the Paratethys and later in the North Atlantic Basins.
Spatial Variation of the Land Snail Brephulopsis Cylindrica (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae): A Fractal Approach
Authors: Kramarenko S. S. , Dovgal I. V.
Published: November 2014

Spatial Variation of the Land Snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Enidae): a Fractal Approach. Kramarenko, S. S., Dovgal, I. V. - Th e results of investigations of intrapopulation patterns in the land snail Brephulopsis cylindrica (Menke, 1828) variation are discussed in the article. Th e self-similar intrapopulational groups (demes) with sets of random (chaotic) and ranked (clinal) patterns of morphological characters were observed. It is argued that the self-similar elements lead to the formation of spatial variability patterns with distinct fractal nature. Thus the relative roles both of the random and the regular components can be detected for separate characters according to the degrees of nearness or remoteness of fractal dimension to 2.0.
Presence of human non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus genotypes in an Amsterdam hospital in 2007 to 2011 compared to national and international published surveillance data: a comprehensive review
Authors: Janes V A , Minnaar R , Koen G , van Eijk H , Dijkman-de Haan K , Pajkrt D , Wolthers K C , Benschop K S
Published: November 2014

Enteroviruses (EV) and human parechoviruses (HPeV) are endemic worldwide. These infections are a constant cause of hospitalisation and severe disease, predominantly in young children and infants. Coordinated monitoring and surveillance are crucial to control these infections. We have monitored EV and HPeV epidemiology in Amsterdam from 2007 to 2011 with real-time RT-PCR and direct genotyping, facilitating highly sensitive surveillance. Moreover, we conducted a literature survey of existing surveillance data for comparison. Only 14 studies were identified. While HPeV1 was most frequently detected in Amsterdam, EV-B viruses dominated nationally and internationally. Furthermore, the top 10 strains detected differed yearly and per study. However, detection and typing methods were too varied to allow direct comparison and comprehension of the worldwide distribution and circulation patterns of the different genotypes. This limited a direct response to anticipate peaks. Uniform European monitoring programmes are essential to aid prediction of outbreaks and disease management.
The Good Food Box Pilot Project as a Contribution to Addressing Food Accessibility in the Elderly
Authors: Rose Bell Emily , Rose Maureen , Roll Caryn , Dupont Stéphanie
Published: November 2014

The Good Food Box (GFB) is a program that offers fresh produce to community members. The implementation of a GFB pilot project targeting the elderly in Côte Saint-Luc (CSL) is described. Feasibility is evaluated in terms of partnerships necessary to realize the project and suitability of the GFB among seniors. Outcomes, lessons learned, and future directions are also discussed. GFBs were delivered biweekly for 10 weeks to 14 participants over the age of 65 years. Baseline and final surveys were administered to assess user satisfaction and effects of the project. Overall, participants were satisfied, finding the location convenient and the produce to be of excellent quality. Respondents also indicated an increased quantity of fresh fruits and vegetables in their home and an enhanced connection with the community. Many participants commented on excessive quantity and difficulty preparing certain products, demonstrating that the GFB may not be practical for all seniors. Smaller quantities and volunteer assistance could improve the program. Following the successful pilot project, the GFB was expanded to all members of the CSL community. Using the GFB as a major source of fresh produce will positively impact the health and quality of life for those who reside within the community.
Dialytic Separation of Bundled, Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes from Carbonaceous Impurities
Authors: Mulvey J. , Feinberg Evan , McDevitt Michael , Scheinberg David
Published: November 2014

Separating functionalized single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) from functionalized amorphous carbon is challenging, due to their polydispersity and similar physicochemical properties. We describe a single-step, dialytic separation method that takes advantage of the ability of heavily functionalized SWCNTs to bundle in a polar environment while maintaining their solubility. Experiments on functionalized SWCNTs were compared with functionalized, C60 fullerenes (buckyballs) to probe the general applicability of the method and further characterize the bundling process. This approach may simultaneously be used to purify a functionalization reaction mixture of unreacted small molecules and of residual solvents, such as dimethylformamide.
High Birth Weight Is a Risk Factor of Dental Caries Increment during Adolescence in Sweden
Authors: Julihn Annika , Molund Ulrika , Drevsäter Emma , Modéer Thomas
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to assess whether birth weight is associated with dental caries during the teenage period. In this register-based cohort study, all children of 13 years of age (n = 18,142) who resided in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, in 2000, were included. The cohort was followed until individuals were 19 years of age. Information regarding dental caries was collected from the Public Health Care Administration in Stockholm. Data concerning prenatal and perinatal factors and parental socio-demographic determinants were collected from the Swedish Medical Birth Register and National Registers at Statistics Sweden. The final logistic regression model showed that birth weight ≥4000 g, adjusted for potential confounders, was significantly associated with caries increment (DMFT ≥ 1 (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled, T = teeth)) between 13 and 19 age (OR, 1.22; 95% CI = 1.09–1.36). The relatively enhanced risk OR was further increased from 1.22 to 1.43 in subjects with birth weight ≥4600 g. On the contrary, subjects with birth weight <2500 g exhibited a significantly lower risk (OR, 0.67; 95% CI = 0.50–0.89) for exhibiting caries experience (DMFT ≥ 4) at 19 years of age. In conclusion, high birth weight can be regarded as a predictor for dental caries, and especially, birth weight ≥4500 g is a risk factor for caries increment during adolescence.
A Chemical Risk Ranking and Scoring Method for the Selection of Harmful Substances to be Specially Controlled in Occupational Environments
Authors: Shin Saemi , Moon Hyung-Il , Lee Kwon , Hong Mun , Byeon Sang-Hoon
Published: November 2014

This study aimed to devise a method for prioritizing hazardous chemicals for further regulatory action. To accomplish this objective, we chose appropriate indicators and algorithms. Nine indicators from the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals were used to identify categories to which the authors assigned numerical scores. Exposure indicators included handling volume, distribution, and exposure level. To test the method devised by this study, sixty-two harmful substances controlled by the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea, including acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and styrene were ranked using this proposed method. The correlation coefficients between total score and each indicator ranged from 0.160 to 0.641, and those between total score and hazard indicators ranged from 0.603 to 0.641. The latter were higher than the correlation coefficients between total score and exposure indicators, which ranged from 0.160 to 0.421. Correlations between individual indicators were low (−0.240 to 0.376), except for those between handling volume and distribution (0.613), suggesting that each indicator was not strongly correlated. The low correlations between each indicator mean that the indicators and independent and were well chosen for prioritizing harmful chemicals. This method proposed by this study can improve the cost efficiency of chemical management as utilized in occupational regulatory systems.
Volatile Profiling of Aromatic Traditional Medicinal Plant, Polygonum minus in Different Tissues and Its Biological Activities
Authors: Ahmad Rafidah , Baharum Syarul , Bunawan Hamidun , Lee Minki , Mohd Noor Normah , Rohani Emelda , Ilias Norashikin , Zin Noraziah
Published: November 2014

The aim of this research was to identify the volatile metabolites produced in different organs (leaves, stem and roots) of Polygonum minus, an important essential oil producing crop in Malaysia. Two methods of extraction have been applied: Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) and hydrodistillation coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Approximately, 77 metabolites have been identified and aliphatic compounds contribute significantly towards the aroma and flavour of this plant. Two main aliphatic compounds: decanal and dodecanal were found to be the major contributor. Terpenoid metabolites were identified abundantly in leaves but not in the stem and root of this plant. Further studies on antioxidant, total phenolic content, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities were determined in the essential oil and five different extracts. The plant showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity in polar (ethanol) extract for all the tissues tested. For anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, leaf in aqueous extract and methanol extract showed the best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. However, in microbial activity, the non-polar extracts (n-hexane) showed high antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared to polar extracts. This study could provide the first step in the phytochemical profiles of volatile compounds and explore the additional value of pharmacology properties of this essential oil producing crop Polygonum minus.
Detecting Landscape Changes in High Latitude Environments Using Landsat Trend Analysis: 1. Visualization
Authors: Fraser Robert , Olthof Ian , Kokelj Steven , Lantz Trevor , Lacelle Denis , Brooker Alexander , Wolfe Stephen , Schwarz Steve
Published: November 2014

Satellite remote sensing is a promising technology for monitoring natural and anthropogenic changes occurring in remote, northern environments. It offers the potential to scale-up ground-based, local environmental monitoring efforts to document disturbance types, and characterize their extents and frequencies at regional scales. Here we present a simple, but effective means of visually assessing landscape disturbances in northern environments using trend analysis of Landsat satellite image stacks. Linear trends of the Tasseled Cap brightness, greenness, and wetness indices, when composited into an RGB image, effectively distinguish diverse landscape changes based on additive color logic. Using a variety of reference datasets within Northwest Territories, Canada, we show that the trend composites are effective for identifying wildfire regeneration, tundra greening, fluvial dynamics, thermokarst processes including lake surface area changes and retrogressive thaw slumps, and the footprint of resource development operations and municipal development. Interpretation of the trend composites is aided by a color wheel legend and contextual information related to the size, shape, and location of change features. A companion paper in this issue (Olthof and Fraser) focuses on quantitative methods for classifying these changes.
Detecting Landscape Changes in High Latitude Environments Using Landsat Trend Analysis: 2. Classification
Authors: Olthof Ian , Fraser Robert
Published: November 2014

Mapping landscape dynamics is necessary to assess cumulative impacts due to climate change and development in Arctic regions. Landscape changes produce a range of temporal reflectance trajectories that can be obtained from remote sensing image time-series. Mapping these changes assumes that their trajectories are unique and can be characterized by magnitude and shape. A companion paper in this issue describes a trajectory visualization method for assessing a range of landscape disturbances. This paper focusses on generating a change map using a time-series of calibrated Landsat Tasseled Cap indices from 1985 to 2011. A reference change database covering the Mackenzie Delta region was created using a number of ancillary datasets to delineate polygons describing 21 natural and human-induced disturbances. Two approaches were tested to classify the Landsat time-series and generate change maps. The first involved profile matching based on trajectory shape and distance, while the second quantified profile shape with regression coefficients that were input to a decision tree classifier. Results indicate that classification of robust linear trend coefficients performed best. A final change map was assessed using bootstrapping and cross-validation, producing an overall accuracy of 82.8% at the level of 21 change classes and 87.3% when collapsed to eight underlying change processes.
Raman Imaging with a Fiber-Coupled Multichannel Spectrograph
Authors: Schmälzlin Elmar , Moralejo Benito , Rutowska Monika , Monreal-Ibero Ana , Sandin Christer , Tarcea Nicolae , Popp Jürgen , Roth Martin
Published: November 2014

Until now, spatially resolved Raman Spectroscopy has required to scan a sample under investigation in a time-consuming step-by-step procedure. Here, we present a technique that allows the capture of an entire Raman image with only one single exposure. The Raman scattering arising from the sample was collected with a fiber-coupled high-performance astronomy spectrograph. The probe head consisting of an array of 20 × 20 multimode fibers was linked to the camera port of a microscope. To demonstrate the high potential of this new concept, Raman images of reference samples were recorded. Entire chemical maps were received without the need for a scanning procedure.
Rethinking Sustainable Development: Considering How Different Worldviews Envision “Development” and “Quality of Life”
Authors: Hedlund-de Witt Annick
Published: November 2014

The concept of sustainable development does not articulate what needs to be sustained, developed, or how, and is consequently intersubjective and intercultural. I therefore argue that it is essential to consider different worldviews when discussing sustainable development, and I offer broad, provisional suggestions as to how we can begin doing this. I first discuss how the notion of sustainable development at its heart is an attempt to unite conservation with growth. I then consider how different worldviews relate to this unitary ideal, by articulating how they envision “development” and “quality of life”. I do this by drawing on the Integrative Worldview Framework, which distinguishes between multiple, ideal-typical worldviews. However, I argue that more important than any typology of worldviews is the reflexive attitude a worldview-perspective supports. I conclude with implications for more reflexive and inclusive forms of policy-making, also in light of the to-be-formulated Sustainable Development Goals.
Cholesterol Balance in Prion Diseases and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Shim Su , Cheng Yo , Corda Erica , Gilch Sabine
Published: November 2014

Prion diseases are transmissible and fatal neurodegenerative disorders of humans and animals. They are characterized by the accumulation of PrPSc, an aberrantly folded isoform of the cellular prion protein PrPC, in the brains of affected individuals. PrPC is a cell surface glycoprotein attached to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) anchor. Specifically, it is associated with lipid rafts, membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphinoglipids. It has been established that inhibition of endogenous cholesterol synthesis disturbs lipid raft association of PrPC and prevents PrPSc accumulation in neuronal cells. Additionally, prion conversion is reduced upon interference with cellular cholesterol uptake, endosomal export, or complexation at the plasma membrane. Altogether, these results demonstrate on the one hand the importance of cholesterol for prion propagation. On the other hand, growing evidence suggests that prion infection modulates neuronal cholesterol metabolism. Similar results were reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): whereas amyloid β peptide formation is influenced by cellular cholesterol, levels of cholesterol in the brains of affected individuals increase during the clinical course of the disease. In this review, we summarize commonalities of alterations in cholesterol homeostasis and discuss consequences for neuronal function and therapy of prion diseases and AD.
Essai d'analyse de deux séries de bifaces du Moustérien de tradition acheuléenne de Bretagne (Bois-du-Rocher et Kervouster). Application des méthodes de classification hiérarchique de I.C. Lerman
Authors: Etienne Régis , Monnier Jean Laurent
Published: November 2014

Les méthodes de classification hiérarchique appliquées à deux séries de bifaces du "Moustérien de tradition acheuléenne" (Bois-du-Rocher et Kervouster) ont mis en évidence des groupes de formes . L'étude , d'abord menée uniquement sur les contours des faces , a été précisée par l'adjonction des profils . Les formes classiques (ovalaires, cordiformes , limandes , discoïdes) se séparent bien ; il apparait en outre des catégories originales (hexagonaux , pentagonaux , losangiques , piriformes , etc.) basées sur l'angulosité des contours ainsi que sur l'opposition base/pointe.
Utilisation des réactions nucléaires induites par les protons pour l'étude des monnaies d'argent et d'or.
Authors: Barrandon Jean-Noël
Published: November 2014

Modem numismatics having need of more and more precise quantitative basis, a analysis non-destructive method based on proton-induced nuclear reactions has been developped . This proton-activation analysis allows the dosage of slight quantities at the scale of the P. P. M present in silver , gold , or alloy of these metals coins.
An assessment of the current role of conventional radiocarbon dating laboratories in archaeology
Authors: Stenhouse M. J. , Baxter M. S.
Published: November 2014

The objective of this paper is to present for users a perspective view of current trends in radiocarbon da-ting and to assess the significance of the recent developments which now offer the possibility for both routine dating of milligram quantities of carbon and 14c analysis to a precision of +_ 16 years. Sample contamination is a major factor in accelerator dating so that continued development of specialised sample pretreatment and preparative methods in essential before routine dating by this method is viable. High precision 14C analysis is best suited to calibration studies and geophysical investigations in which sample size and reliability pose no problem. On the other hand the sample limitations associated with a typical archaeological artifact do not justify routine high precision dating. Thus in the foreseeable future normal precision labs, will continue to provide the major service to the archaeological community and can increase user confidence by incorporation in the analysis programme of intralaboratory and inter- laboratory comparison experiments.
Radiocarbon dating of archaeological and geographical samples and their evaluation
Authors: Ergin M. , Kis M. , Guler R.
Published: November 2014

Various samples obtained from different places in Anatolia were dated using radiocarbon technique. The results of unknown aged archaeological samples were chronogically evaluated. The wood and charcoal samples taken from archaic mine galleries showed that development of mining dates back to 2000 B.C. in Anatolia, Shells found around Konya plain proved that this place was occupied by a lake and the dates suggest that the lake level attained its maximum 20.000 years ago, and it possibly dried 14.000 years ago,
Datations de statues anciennes de l'église d'Avioth (Meuse)
Authors: Coppens René , Jaegy R.
Published: November 2014

., Avioth's church in Meuse, built in the 14 century near a no longer existing church of the 12 century, has two statues the origins of which need being examinated. The first of them would be a Virgin-statue from the 12tn century. This early origin has been confirmed by a radiocarbon datation that shows it has been carved out a tree cut down in 1095. Of the second one, a Queen-Virgin's head only subsists that would either be a recent false (beginning of the 2O0'1 century) imitating a 15tn century statue of stone, or the remaining part of a very ancient statue which was mutilated during the french revolution in 1789. The radiocarbon datation proves the wood comes from a tree cut down around 1250 and, consequently, does not contradict the second hypothesis.
Datations d'apports de tuiles et briques sur des sites gallo-romains à l'aide de mesures archéomagnétiques opérées sur d'abondants échantillonnages
Authors: Goulpeau Louis , Langouet L
Published: November 2014

To exploit fragments of tiles and bricks, collected during systematic surface prospections, in vue of refined datages of gallo-roman sites, measures of the dip of thermoremanent magnetization have been made on large samplings from excavations (FREHEL, 500 fragments, LAVRET, 300 fragments). To each piece is associated a reference trihedral bound with the edges ; a core-sample, apt to go in a spinner, is cut. After determination of the side on which the element lay while it was baked, a histogram of the dips can first be built. Then, to better distinguish the deliveries, the deviation, that is the angle between the magnetic north and an horizontal edge of the element - a variable characteristic of the in-filling of the kiln, combined with the dip, makes clusters appear. For the dating, the associated finds help to remove indéterminations resulting from the sole use of the dips.
Analyse de monnaies de bronze grecques au moyen de la méthode PIXE et par activation aux neutrons rapides. Problèmes de méthode
Authors: Demortier Guy , Bodart F. , Hackens T.
Published: November 2014

Utilisant deux techniques nucléaires : 1 'activation aux neutrons rapides et la méthode PIXE, nous comparons les mesures de concentration en l'étain globale et superficielle dans des monnaies et des flans de bronze grecs. Ces tests comparatifs des deux méthodes ont pour but de préciser si les concentrations en Sn dabs les alliages entrant dans la fabrication de ces monnaies anciennes peuvent servir de base à une datation sérieuse. Les résultats obtenus sur base de l'analyse de 13 flans semblant provenir du reliquat de la dernière journée de frappe ne permettent pas d'affirmer que les concentrations dans l'alliage de base sont uniformes. Les analyses globales d'une part et locales (tant à coeur que dans la patine) d'autre part pour 7 pièces sciées indiquent que la corrosion élimine préférentiel lement le cuivre en surface des objets. Une tentative d'identification des teneurs en profondeur par la seule analyse de surface est proposée.
A study of some 18th century cast iron ammunition
Authors: Nicholson O. P. , McDonnell J. G.
Published: November 2014

Two items from the Russian naval vessel "Estafii" which sank off Shetland in 1780, have been examined matallurgically. The cannonball is phosphoric grey cast iron with an unusually fine graphite distribution. The dense and adherent surface scale is supported and reinforced by the very extensive original phosphide network, which has not corroded. The bar shot, of cast iron reinforced with a wrought iron bar, is of high quality low phosphorus grey iron and has corroded extensively. The reinforcing bar had been carburized to a depth of approximately 2 mm.
Scientific examination of urns with of the type the little cups attached
Authors: Rottlander R.C.A. , Hartke I.
Published: November 2014

Dans la poterie Romaine provinciale il y a un type des urnes funèbres, avec petites écuelles appliquées, qui n'est pas fréquent. Il est daté au premier siècle après J.C. et a été trouvé à Cologne et ses environs. En fouilles, les écuelles sont presque vides en dehors d'un reste de matière noire comme du charbon. On ne sait rien de l'utilisation des êcuelles. Dans notre laboratoire nous les avons examinées avec notre méthode de l'analyse de la graisse. En plus on a pu montrer que les urnes furent réalisées à l'aide d'un treillis carré.
Source obsidian rare earth patterns and obsidian artefact provenience
Authors: Yellin Joseph , Perlman Isadore
Published: November 2014

The rare earth distributions in obsidian source material examined. For seven sources from Turkey examined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) the rare earth patterns provide a unique signature for the assignment of provenience for archaeological finds. Considerable economy in INAA measurements may be achieved for obsidian artefact provenience assignment.
Un outil pour l'analyse des paysages et la recherche de structures antiques : le filtrage optique de photographies aériennes
Authors: Chouquer G. , Favory F.
Published: November 2014

Cette étude se propose de présenter les principes d'une recherche menée par le Centre de Recherches d'Eistoire Ancienne de Besançon, en collaboration avec le Laboratoire de Physique Générale et Optique de Besançon (Université de Franche-Comté-CNRS France). La mise en valeur des traces de cadastres . antiques dans le paysage agraire actuel (parcellaire, réseau vicinal, etc..) est réalisée par le traitement optique de photographies aériennes verticales, filtrées en lumière cohérente. L'équipe de recherche a mis au point une chaîne de traitement automatisée, en mesure de procéder à l'exploration complète des images aériennes, et d'offrir à la communauté scientifique une quantité importante de données relatives à la structure d'un paysage. Cette formule permet d'exploiter tous les avantages du traitement optique d'images : affichage du résultat en temps réel, sélection d'un grand nombre de directions, enregistrement des images filtrées sur un support durable, possibilité d'analyser d'importantes séries d'images aériennes.
Recent work using soil phosphorus analysis in archaeological prospection
Authors: Keeley H. C. M.
Published: November 2014

Detection of high levels of soil phosphorus (P) has been used for many years as an indication of the activities of Man and his animals. A variety of chemicals have been employed to extract what thought to be "archaeological" P from the soil. Recent work using P analysis on archaeological sites is described and recommendations made as to the most useful methods available.
Importation de matériel céramique ifriqiyen en Mauritanie
Authors: Louhichi Adnan , Picon Maurice
Published: November 2014

The Tagdaoust excavation in Mauritania yielded a large number of imported ceramic artifacts. Originating from different countries bordering on the Mediterranean, these artifacts suggest the existence of well established trade routes across the Sahara during the medieval period.

It is possible to demonstrate that a certain number of these ceramic artifacts were indeed imported to Tagdaoust from Tunisia. In no way do they differ from those specimens resulting from the excavations undertaken on many medieval habitats in the Kairouan area. However, additional research to determine whether the production sites of these artifacts are located either in the Kairouan area or in the Tunis area, must be undertaken.

In an attempt to demonstrate that some of the Tegdaoust findings actually originated in Tunisia, a geochimical method was u- sed.This research permits one to highlight and to discuss the various principles upon which the determination of the origins of such artifacts is based, within the context of such above-mentionned methodologies.
Classification des lampes importées sur le site de Tegdaoust (Mauritanie)
Authors: Davidson Robert , Picon Maurice
Published: November 2014

Les lampes importées des pays riverains de la Méditerranée ont été classées en 13 types différents. La répartition chronologique de ces différents types, l'aspect visuel des pâtes et les caractéristiques de formes permettent de supposer qu'on a affaire à des importations régulières provenant d'un petit nombre d'ateliers, aux IXè, Xè et Xlè siècles. Avant cette période et après les importations seraient plus irrégulières et d'origines variées.

L'étude en laboratoire confirme les grandes lignes de l'interprétation archéologique. Elle illustre bien ce qu'on peut tirer d'une simple classification chimique des pâtes, sans disposer d'aucune référence d'origine connue. En introduisant dans la classification précédente de telles références , on peut montrer que les régions de Kai- rouan,de Tunis et de la Kala'a des Banu Hammad ne font pas partie des principaux centres de production qui approvisionnèrent Tegdaoust en lampes.
Les peintures murales de l'acropole de Léro étude physico-chimique et colorimétrique des rouges et des violets d'hématite ou histoires d'ocres
Authors: Delamare F.
Published: November 2014

We examined some paint layers from roman wall paintings colored with red and purple haematite. Studying their section with an electron microprobe yielded the concentrations of the various contained minerals .Studying the pigments with a scanning electron microscope showed that the coloration of the paint layer depends in fact on the granulometry of the haematite for the hue {Q~ i .1 ^m for the red ; 0 - -5 pun for the purple) and on the haematite concentration in the very top surface for the saturation. In each of these layers, the haematite used was pure and not an ochre. Colorimetry yield to eliminate the ochres of Apt as possible source of haematite.
Exemple de prospection géoélectrique sur le site historique d'Érétrie
Authors: El-Agamy Hischam , Hesse Albert
Published: November 2014

Deux campagnes de prospection électrique par profils de résistivité ont permis de mettre en évidence sur le site antique d'Erétrie un important chenal d'écoulement d'une rivière issue des reliefs voisins. Plusieurs profils montrent des anomalies très caractéristiques pour diverses profondeurs d'investigation. La dissymétrie de ces profils laisse penser qu'une ségrégation a pu s'opérer entre des dépôts fins au Nord et des dépôts grossiers au Sud qui sont à mettre en relation avec l'évolution deltaïque du site et les mouvements de la ligne de rivage.
Silver evaluation in Roman Republican Victoriatus
Authors: Mancini Carlo
Published: November 2014

La méthode de la transmission de neutrons a été employée pour déterminer la concentration d'argent dans les « Victoriatus » Romains Républicains.

L'analyse de 361 monnaies a révélé un titre d'argent moyen d'environ 65 %.

La comparaison des résultats obtenus, dans les mêmes monnaies, avec la NAA et l'analyse chimique prouve la validité de l'analyse par transmission de neutrons.
Nouvelle méthode thermique d'étude des foyers préhistoriques
Authors: Laloy J. , Massard Pierre
Published: November 2014

L'estimation de la durée d'occupation des sites archéologiques mis à jour est capitale pour la reconstitution des habitudes de vie de leurs populations. La résolution approchée de l'équation de Fourier de la chaleur, appliquée aux foyers plats, permet de déduire le temps de fonctionnement de ceux-ci de l'épaisseur des sédiments sous-jacents modifiés par la cuisson. Compte-tenu des limitations inhérentes à la méthode proposée, la vérification expérimentale est satisfaisante. Le « chronomètre paléothermique » ainsi réalisé paraît également susceptible d'applications géologiques.
Les processus de sédimentation actuels au pied des parois calcaires.
Authors: Le Ber Marc
Published: November 2014

Pour reconstituer quantitativement les caractéristiques mésoclimatiques qui régnaient au moment du dépôt des formations de pied de paroi, il est nécessaire d'étudier les processus de sédimentation actuels. Ceux-ci sont sous la dépendance des composantes du milieu, notamment du mésoclimat qui dépend lui-même de la topographie et du climat régional. Avant le détachement d'éléments calcaires, la roche subit une télodiagénèse qui résulte des contraintes cryergiques, thermiques et biologiques. La définition physique de l'entropie permet de penser que le calcul de la quantité d'entropie créée à chaque instant dans la roche (connaissant les températures) permet de quantifier l'accroissement de fatique et de la dégradation de la roche aux différentes profondeurs et de prévoir ainsi la rupture et le dépôt d'éléments calcaires. A l'abri-sous-roche de « La Guillarmie », le mésoclimat est doux ; la colonisation de la paroi par les végétaux introduit un facteur important de biofraction. L'impact mésoclimatique sur la paroi est appréhendé par des mesures de températures dans la roche.
L'apport de la thermoluminescence dans l'étude d'un foyer préhistorique. Exemple de la structure de combustion A17 du gisement magdalénien d'Étiolles (Essonne, France)
Authors: Coudret Paule , Larrière-Cabiran Marylène
Published: November 2014

Le foyer de l'habitation A 17 du gisement magdalénien d'Etiolles (Essonne) est constitué d'une petite cuvette ceinturée par un double cercle de blocs de grès calés par des fragments de calcaire et de meulière.

Son étude s'attache à résoudre les problèmes inhérents à sa nature, son organisation et sa fonction. L'apport de la thermoluminescence (TL) dans une telle étude nous a permis de préciser et d'expliciter les résultats obtenus par les méthodes purement archéologiques que sont les reconstitutions de pierres fragmentées et les analyses macroscopiques des traces d'altération décelables sur ces roches. L'examen des courbes de TL a conduit à classer les pierres en deux catégories : les pierres dont la température de chauffe a été insuffisante pour effacer la TL géologique (T inférieure ou égale à 250 °C), et les pierres chauffées entre 300 et 550 X dont la TL géologique a été partiellement ou complètement effacée. La confrontation des températures obtenues Sur les échantillons avec leur localisation au sein de la structure de combustion a abouti à la mise en évidence des aménagements successifs dont cette structure a fait l'objet.
Utilisation de basalte provenant de l'Étna dans les constructions de Locri Epizefiri-Centocaniere (Calabre)
Authors: De Francesco A. M. , Frisatto W.
Published: November 2014

L'étude pétrographique et géochimique de blocs de basalte utilisés dans les fondations de l'ancienne cité de Grande Grèce, Locri, a permis de démontrer que ces roches provenaient de l'Etna. Elles n'ont pas été apportées à Locri en tant que matériaux de construction mais ont probablement d'abord été utilisées comme lest à bord des bateaux avant d'être récupérées dans la construction de bâtiments. L'origine sicilienne de ces basaltes confirme, par une nouvelle approche, l'existence de rapports entre Locri et la Sicile orientale, rapports déjà notés dans les sources historiques.
Résultats palynologiques à la grotte de Sclayn (Belgique). Contribution à l'étude du dernier interglaciaire
Authors: Schneider Anne-Marie
Published: November 2014

Une séquence du dernier interglaciaire est présentée ; trois phases à prédominance de thermophiles la caractérisent. Le début de l'Eemien avec I 'extension d'UImus est facilement identifié. La possibilité de rapporter les deux épisodes chauds suivants à l'Eemien, au Saint-Germain I ou II est discutée.
Contribution méthodologique à l'analyse quantitative des propriétés mécaniques des roches fragiles élastiques
Authors: Prost Dominique Christian , Chatellier Jean-Yves
Published: November 2014

Les expériences empiriques de taille effectuées par des préhistoriens montrent que des roches comme le silex, l'obsidienne, le basalte, etc., n'en présentent pas moins des différences non négligeables pour celui qui les taille.

Le but de ce travail a consisté à mesurer non plus empiriquement, mais quantitativement, ces différences. L'élasticité et l'isotropie sont apparues comme les propriétés mécaniques déterminantes à mesurer. Nous avons testé plusieurs méthodes d'analyse : seule, la méthode ultrasonore à ondes stationnaires semble la mieux adaptée pour résoudre ce genre de problème.

Grâce à elle, on peut, avec une grande précision, mettre en évidence des variations d'élasticité ou d'isotropie relativement faibles. Cela permettrait à l'avenir d'aider à résoudre certains problèmes dans les domaines de la technologie lithique, de l'étude fonctionnelle des outils et du choix de la matière première.
Influence de l'anisotropie du champ primaire en magnéto-tellurique et en prospection électrique avec champ primaire uniforme pour la détection à faible profondeur
Authors: Tabbagh Alain , Hesse Albert
Published: November 2014

Les champs primaires uniformes en prospection géophysique présentent l'avantage d'une plus grande profondeur d'investigation ; en contrepartie les anomalies subissent des déformations très importantes selon la direction du champ et on dispose de peu d'indications sur la profondeur des structures.

Ces effets sont présentés et analysés à partir de modèles calculés et d'expériences systématiques sur le terrain avec différentes orientations d'émetteur E.M. ou d'électrodes linéaires pour l'injection d'un courant. Par analogie avec la réduction au pôle utilisée en prospection magnétique, un calcul verticalisant le champ primaire pour réduire les effets d'anisotropie apparente est proposé, mais son intérêt est limité du fait de l'appauvrissement de l'information qu'il entraîne.
Identification de brai de bouleau (Betula) dans le Néolithique de Giribaldi (Nice, France) par la spectrométrie de masse
Authors: Binder Didier , Bourgeois Guy , Benoist Françoise , Vitry Christiane
Published: November 2014

Des brais de bouleau (Betula sp.) ont été reconnus dans les dépôts du Néolithique moyen de Giribaldi à Nice (Alpes-Maritimes, France) sous forme d agrégats ou bien adhérant à des outils en os ; il s'agit, à notre connaissance, des témoins d'utilisation les plus méridionaux de ce produit communément employé en Europe du Nord, depuis la préhistoire jusqu'à nos jours, comme adhésif, médicament ou parfum. Cette identification a été réalisée grâce à la caractérisation des composés terpéniques par couplage «chromatographie en phase gazeuse / spectrométrie de masse» (GC/MS). La détermination s'appuie sur l'analyse de produits de référence d'origine connue.