bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social leverage effect: Institutions transform weak reputation effects into strong incentives for cooperation
Authors: Lie-Panis Julien , Fitouchi Léo , Baumard Nicolas , André Jean-Baptiste
Published: July 2023

Institutions allow cooperation to persist when reciprocity and reputation provide insufficient incentives. Yet how they do so remains unclear, especially given that institutions are themselves a form of cooperation. To solve this puzzle, we develop a mathematical model of reputation-based cooperation in which two social dilemmas are nested within one another. The first dilemma, characterized by high individual costs or insufficient monitoring, cannot be solved by reputation alone. The second dilemma, an institutional collective action, involves individuals contributing to change the parameters of the first dilemma in a way that incentivizes cooperation. Our model demonstrates that this nested architecture creates a leverage effect. While insufficient on its own to incentivize cooperation in the first dilemma, reputation incentivizes contributions to the institutional collective action which, in turn, strengthen the initially weak incentives for cooperation in the first dilemma. Just as a pulley system transforms minimal muscular strength into significant lifting capability, institutions act as cooperative pulleys, transforming initially weak reputational incentives into powerful drivers of cooperative behavior. Based on these results, we suggest that institutions have developed as social technologies, designed by humans to exploit this social leverage effect, just as material technologies are designed to exploit physical laws.
Study protocol for a pragmatic evaluation of the Worcestershire Meeting Centre Programme for people affected by dementia
Authors: Stephens Nathan , Evans Shirley , Evans Chris , Brooker Dawn
Published: July 2023

Background: Pragmatic evaluation can assess whether complex health programmes have the desired effects (or not), as well as understand how effects are caused across real-world contexts. This is critical when scaling programmes because of increasing components and contexts that create methodological, political, and practical challenges. This paper reports the protocol for a pragmatic evaluation of a scaling programme referred to as the Worcestershire Meeting Centres Programme [WMCP]. WMCP aims to increase the availability of the Meeting Centre intervention for people affected by dementia across a county of England. Methods: The paper describes the mixed methods research framework and how it works according to the principles of pragmatic evaluation. Three connected research phases aim to: (1) explore change from the perspective of diverse programme stakeholders; (2) measure change to establish impact; and (3) monetarily account programmes costs and benefits to estimate the programmes Social Return on Investment [SROI]. Ethical considerations are discussed from the perspective of people affected by dementia. The purposeful sampling approach, and qualitative and quantitative research methods to be used are discussed. Dissemination: The protocol provides a real-world example of how programme complexity as well as effectiveness/cost-effectiveness may be understood using SROI, including the data collection and analysis methods that can be drawn from in the process. This is the first paper that considers and maps SROI according to the principles of pragmatic evaluation. Results will develop on limited evidence of scaling costs and outcomes in a contextually sensitive way that is needed in dementia. Dissemination will be focused on programme improvement through ongoing reporting to programme funder and providers. Local Authorities interested in the programme will be informed about the research to influence evidence-based translation practices. An intervention description and results papers will be presented at conferences and published in peer reviewed and open access journals.
Deactivation with and without Representation: The Role of Dispute Arbitration for Seattle Rideshare Drivers
Authors: Schwartz Lindsey , Weber Nic , Brown Eva Maxfield
Published: July 2023

For drivers who depend on an app in order to make a living, losing access to their account (or, being deactivated) is the equivalent of being digitally fired. Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) like Uber or Lyft justify frequent and prompt driver deactivations as a matter of customer safety. However, mounting evidence shows these companies do not follow their own deactivation policies to give drivers fair warning and due process. In 2021, the City of Seattle implemented a Deactivation Rights Ordinance that was meant to improve the workplace rights of rideshare drivers. This unique legislation was the first in the USA to grant rideshare drivers the right to legally challenge a deactivation through a dispute arbitration process. This report evaluates the impact of Seattle’s Deactivation Rights Ordinance (DRO) and the performance of the Driver Resolution Center (DRC) from July 1, 2021 through January 31, 2023. We rely upon data from three empirical studies: A survey of 134 Seattle-area drivers; Focus groups with 16 Seattle-area rideshare drivers; and, a statistical analysis of ~1400 deactivation cases from July 2021-January 2023. The findings contribute to recent research on account deactivation in app-based gig work, but are notably the first to utilize verified deactivation data.
What's in a Label? On Neighbourhood Labelling, Stigma and Housing Prices
Authors: Andersson Henrik , Blind Ina , Brunåker Fabian , Dahlberg Matz , Fredriksson Greta , Granath Jakob , Liang Che-Yuan
Published: July 2023

In an attempt to identify local areas at risk, the Swedish police classifies a selected set of marginalised neighbourhoods as ``vulnerable''. The classification, first used in 2015, spurs a lot of public debate, and have been hypothesised to shape the perception of localities, potentially stigmatising neighbourhoods. We study the short to long term effect on housing prices (up to six years) of the initial classification. Implicitly, we thereby study the effect of assigning negative labels to neighbourhoods, something that we believe is often an inherent part of area-based policies. Using the synthetic control method, we find that being labelled as vulnerable caused average housing prices in the designated neighbourhoods to drop with around 3.7% in the short run and about 6.5% in the long run. In line with ideas of racial stigma, we also find that areas with a larger share of minorities (pre-classification) where more negatively affected.
Third Way for AI Development: Introducing the Architecture of Even Distribution of Synthetic Intelligence in Society
Authors: Gorski Damian
Published: July 2023

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence creates both opportunities and risks. Although AI has the potential to solve many issues facing humanity, the current models of societies organization increase the spectrum and scale of threats from this direction. This text presents an alternative approach on how societies can function and develop in the emerging age of AI. The new approach is based on the concepts of even distribution of Synthetic Intelligence in society, personal computing power (PCP) inalienably assigned to each human being, and the architecture of local computing clusters belonging to citizens and operating in a common, standardized technology stack to provide unified environment for deploying AI systems. The new proposal is, in fact, the restoration and strengthening of the best-proven approach on our planet provided over millennia by biological evolution: a relatively even distribution of intelligence within the entire species. The first section of the article focuses on determining main AI threats amplified by current models of societies organization (the threat of so-called “race to the precipice” that may lead entire humanity toward a catastrophe as well as threat of concentration of power by narrow group as a result of leveraging the significant AI potential). The following sections outline the key concepts of the new model, a set of social and technological changes that should be implemented, scenarios of international propagation, and possible impact on the de-escalation of AI threats.
Risk Factors Affecting Khalitya (Hair Fall) As Per Deha Prakruti- A Case Control Study Among Adults
Authors: Shete AS , Ujwala Pawar , Nakel MP
Published: July 2023

Introduction- Ayurveda is the system of medicine for the concept of diseases and health. It is based on concept of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala.As we are following of western life style and food habits blindly, the equilibrium state of Doshas is rapidly disturbing and thus results in shortening of average life expectancy and also now prone towards the Khalitya (hair fall) in early age. Aim & Objectives- Aim- To assess risk factors associated with the Khalitya (Hair fall) in relation to different Deha Prakriti. Objectives- To define level of Khalitya (hair fall) in different Deha Prakriti with the use of hair pull test. To assess the effect of aharaj and viharaj factors in causing Khalitya. Material and Methods- Study design – It is an observational case control study. Male adults of age group between 20 to 50 years were selected. Convenient sampling was used. Cases (50) and controls (50) were selected in 1: 1 proportion. Results and Discussion- Age factor play an important role in Khalitya (p = 0.0365); as age increases the possibility of hair fall also increases. It is well known that, as the level of stress and anger increases, the propensity to develop Vata and Pitta also increases and thereby causes to hair fall. Conclusions- Age is the significant risk factor in causing Khalitya (hair fall); as age increases, there is increased tendency to have hair fall and thus in long run, this will contribute to increased proportion of male pattern baldness among adults.
Potential Pharmacological Activities of Pumpkin Seeds as a Functional Food: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Manshi  , Chaturvedi Neelam
Published: July 2023

Pumpkin, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae and genus Cucurbita, is gaining appeal across the world for a number of reasons. Pumpkin seeds have always been discarded as waste even with containing essential pharmaceutical micro and macro constituents such as proteins, antioxidative phenolic compounds, tocopherols, triterpenes, saponins, phytosterols, lignans, and carotenoids as well as these compounds D-chiro-inositol, trigonelline, and nicotinic acid. Pumpkin seeds are also rich in fibre, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals including zinc, iron, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and copper that may be used in the food industry. Pumpkin seeds are now generally used in traditional medicine in treatment of many diseases, including hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, hyperglycemia, inflammation, dyslipidemia, bacteria, fungal infections, and tumours. As a result, pumpkin seeds are now often utilised as a herbal treatment or health-improving agent for both people and animals, and food scientists are providing the pumpkin-infused products to the food and health industries. Hence, food manufacturers have worked to broaden the range of appetiser, baking, and snack uses for pumpkin seeds. This review article provides insights into the pharmacological activities of pumpkin seeds and the possible processes which, might reduce the chance of a wide range of problems.
न्यायवैशेषिकाभिमताः पञ्चावयवाः
Authors: आचार्य पुरुषोत्तम
Published: July 2023

प्रस्तुतोऽयमालेखो न्यायवैशेषिकदर्शनयोरवयवविवेचने केन्द्रितो वर्तते । आलेखोऽयं गुणात्मकस्वरूपे सज्जीकृतः । आलेखेऽस्मिन् पुस्तकालयीयविधिद्वारा प्राप्ततथ्यानां विश्लेषणं कृत्वान्ते निष्कर्षः प्रदत्तो वर्तते । अत्र न्यायवैशेषिकाचार्याभिमतस्यावयवस्य स्वरूपं विश्लिष्टं विद्यते । न्यायशास्त्रेऽनुमानस्य भेदद्वयं स्वीक्रियते स्वार्थपरार्थभेदेन । यत्र परार्थानुमानं तत्र नूनमेव प्रतिज्ञादिपञ्चावयववाक्यानामावश्यकत्वं भवति । प्रतिज्ञाहेतूदाहरणोपनयनिगमनानां पञ्चानामेवावयवत्वं प्रतिपाद्य तादृशपञ्चावयववाक्यानां समुदाय एव परमो न्याय इति हि न्यायसिद्धान्तः । अवयवस्वरूपचिन्तनक्रमे सर्वप्रथमं न्यायवैशेषिकैरभिमतमवयवं विविच्य पञ्चानां प्रतिज्ञाद्यवयवानां स्वरूपं क्रमशः प्रस्तुतमत्र । परार्थानुमानेऽवयववाक्यानामावश्यकत्वं नूनमेव भवति । स्वार्थानुमाने चावयववाक्यानामावश्यकत्वाभावेन न्यायाप्रयोज्यानुमानं स्वार्थानुमानं न्यायप्रयोज्यानुमानं परार्थानुमानमिति निष्कर्षोऽत्र प्रस्तुतः । अस्मान्निष्कर्षान्न्यायवैशेषिकसम्बद्धस्यावयवस्वरूपस्यावबोधने जिज्ञासूनां कृतेऽयमालेख उपयोगी    भविष्यतीत्यपेक्ष्यते ।
नेपालको विद्यालय तहको पाठ्यक्रममा नैतिक शिक्षा
Authors: कंडेल युवराज
Published: July 2023

नैतिकता भनेको समाजले 'सही' वा 'गल' मान्ने व्यवहारको प्रणाली हो । नैतिक शिक्षा भनेको समाजको असल र सही व्यवहारलाई भविष्यका नागरिकहरूमा हस्तान्तरण गर्ने क्रियाकलाप हो  । नैतिक शिक्षाको उपयोग निश्चित धर्म संस्कृति या नीतिका कथाहरूमा अभ्यस्त हुने या तुल्याउने मात्र नभई यसलाई मानव जीवनका मूल्यहरूसँग सम्बन्धित गराई आचरण, चरित्र, गुण र त्यसलाई व्यवहारमा उतार्ने उपयुक्त माध्यम समेत हो ।  नैतिक शिक्षा विषयको पाठ्यक्रमको मूलभूत उद्देश्य आधुनिक समाजका लागि सुयोग्य, स्वावलम्बी एवम् कर्तव्य र अधिकारलाई सन्तुलित ढङ्गले प्रयोग गर्न सक्ने प्रतिस्पर्धी नागरिक तयार गर्नु हो । नेपालमा परापूर्वकालदेखि नै शिक्षाको प्रमुख उद्देश्य विद्यार्थीहरूमा उच्च नैतिकता र असल चरित्र निर्माण गर्नु रहेको थियो । नेपालको शिक्षामा आमूल परिवर्तन ल्याएको रा.शि.प.यो.ले लागु गरेको नयाँ शिक्षामा नैतिक शिक्षालाई महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान दिइएको थियो । देश गणतान्त्रिक व्यवस्थामा गएपछि तयार गरिएको राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा नीति र शिक्षाका उद्देश्यहरूले सिर्जनशीलता, रचनात्मकता, अध्ययनशीलता, सकारात्मक चिन्तन र सदाचारजस्ता गुण विकास गर्ने कुरालाई जोड दिएको छ र यसैमा आधारित रहेर राष्ट्रिय पाठ्यक्रम प्रारूप २०७६ समेत तयार गरिको छ ।  वर्तमान पाठ्यक्रमअनुसार सामाजिक अध्ययन विषयलाई बालबालिकामा नैतिकता विकास गर्ने मुख्य विषयको रूपमा लिइएको  छ । यो विषयमा नैतिकता विकसित गर्ने पाठ्यवस्तुहरूलाई विभिन्न एकाइहरूमा समावेश गरिएको पाइन्छ । यस आलेखमा विद्यालय तहको पाठ्यक्रममा नैतिक शिक्षा सम्बन्धित विषयवस्तुहरू कसरी समावेश गरिएको छ भन्ने कुराको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ ।
An Adversity that Led to Achievement: Analyzing Dhruva's Rise from Humiliation
Authors: Sigdel Ranjan
Published: July 2023

This essay explores the story of Dhruva, a legendary prince in Hindu mythology, who overcame humiliation and achieved cosmic reign through his grit and unwavering devotion. This essay examines the story of the prince Dhruva not from Bhagavata Mahapurana but from a long poem by a contemporary Nepali poet Panthi. In this version the content, theme, language and styles are almost identical to its source tale i.e. Bhagavat Mahapurana. However, in many verses the gem of poetic genius of poet Panthi clearly shines through. The essay focuses on two key aspects of Dhruva's story: his humiliation by his step-mother, which prompted him to embark on a spiritual journey, and his attainment of cosmic reign, which symbolized his elevation to the highest level of spiritual realization. The essay analyzes the themes of adversity and perseverance that underpin Dhruva's story and shows how they offer valuable insights into how a feeling of humiliation could potentially lead one to achieving ultimate goal.
Unleashing Organisational Effectiveness through Strategic HRD: A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Sthapit Arhan
Published: July 2023

not available
Adoption of Digital Banking: Insights from a UTAUT Model
Authors: Nepal Srijana , Nepal Bidush
Published: July 2023

The study examines the factors that affect the adoption of digital banking by clients of commercial banks in Nepal. The paper used a survey questionnaire to collect primary data from a sample of 384 respondents and applied statistical tools including descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, reliability testing, and regression analysis to analyse the data. The results showed that facilitating conditions, effort expectancy, and habit had a significant positive impact on digital banking adoption, while social influence and performance expectancy did not have a significant effect. The regression analysis identified habit as the strongest predictor of digital banking adoption, followed by effort expectancy and facilitating conditions. Overall, the findings suggest that banks should focus on making their digital banking services convenient and reliable to encourage more widespread adoption.
Workplace Harassment and Intention to Leave in Nepalese Organisations: A Mediating Role of Psychological Stress
Authors: Malla Shreya , Tamang Puja
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyse the impact of workplace harassment on intention to leave where psychological stress as mediator was used to examine its intensity on the relationship between workplace harassment and intention to leave. Convenience and snowball sampling technique was adopted to select the employees working in different sectors situated within the Kathmandu Valley. Regression Analysis from Hayes macro process was conducted from the responses of 199 respondents to generate the results of mediation effect. The findings indicate that workplace harassment has a positive significant impact on employee’s intention to leave. In addition, it was found that the psychological stress mediates the relationship between workplace harassment and intention to leave. Future studies can be conducted through qualitative methods among the employees of different sectors or specific industries for indepth analysis of the harassment and its consequences the employees are facing.
Factors Affecting Students’ Achievement Motivation in Private Colleges of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Thapa Utsaha , Dhakal Shilpa
Published: July 2023

This research study aims to examine the factors affecting students’ achievement motivation with a sample size of 104 students from 37 private colleges in Kathmandu. The study followed a cross-sectional research design, where the structured questionnaire was distributed online and offline, and the data were analysed using multiple regression. The results showed positive classroom relationship as the factor most influencing the students’ achievement motivation and should be considered. In a nutshell, this study identified the possible factors for student achievement motivation that might help develop strategies for improving the student’s academic performance.
Land Use and Cover Change Detection in Shankharapur Municipality, Kathmandu Using Spectral Indices
Authors: Shakya Rabin
Published: July 2023

The surging increase of the urban population has been accompanied by a sharp increase in urban built-up areas. The growth of population contributing to rapid expansion of built-up area in recent decades has caused a substantial Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change across Nepal and in particular Kathmandu Valley (KV). In this study, a Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) was applied to three Landsat imagery collected over time (2002, 2013, and 2022) and one Sentinel-2 imagery that provided recent and historical LULC conditions for, Shankharapur municipality that lies in the eastern part of Kathmandu. The three-land use land cover categories were identified and mapped from the value of NDBI and NDBI. We found that over a period of 20 years (from 2002 to 2022), the Shankharapur municipality has lost 14.64% and 25.97% of its forests and sparse vegetation, and increase in the settlement/open land by 5.48% and 226.73% as indicated by NDVI and NDBI for Landsat imagery respectively. The increase in settlement/open land can be summed to the augmented activities like constructing new building and increase forest and land defragmentation including construction of road and land planning to fulfill the demand of influx of people after the earthquake of 2015. The results of NDVI and NDBI from Sentinel-2 imagery also support the increase in settlement/open land and decrease in forest and sparse vegetation. Also, agriculture cover increased by 4.25 sq.km between 2002 to 2013 and increased by 4.85 sq.km. from 2013 to 2022 as indicated by NDVI derived from Landsat imagery. However, the significant amounts of losses of forest and sparse vegetation during 20 years have been absorbed by the expanding urbanized areas and agriculture land as more land is subjected to the built-up and land planning along with the wood-logging as a result of aftermath of the earthquake, 2015, where population has increased by 19.4 % in the span of 10 years from 2011 to 2021 and is never retreating in terms of changing land cover. Therefore, such trends if unchecked can result in loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services associated with deteriorating conditions for human well-being.
Measurement of Foramen Magnum Dimensions in Computed Tomography of Head
Authors: Paudel Sharma , Yadav Dorik Lal , Kayastha Prakash , Suwal Sundar , Dahal Prajwal , Maharjan Santosh , Regmi Pradeep Raj
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Dimensions of the foramen magnum are clinically important because of the vital structures passing through it and for sex determination of the skull. The objective of this study was to measure various dimensions of the foramen magnum in Computed Tomography (CT) and correlate them with sex.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 120 CT head images in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, from July to October 2019. The shape of the foramen magnum (FM), anteroposterior diameter (APD), transverse diameter (TD), FM area and FM index were calculated. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 25 and Excel 2016. Discriminant function analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used for gender verification.
RESULTS: The mean values of the APD, TD, area and FM index in males and females were 33.56 ± 4.30 mm, 29.76 ± 4.10 mm, 792.94 ± 191.60 mm2, 85.01 ± 8.67 and 30.01 ± 2.04 mm, 25.33 ± 4.6 mm, 599.63± 128.13 mm2, 83.17 ± 7.78  respectively.  All dimensions were significantly greater in males (r = 0.906, P<0.001). The most common shape of the foramen magnum was oval (40.8%). The accuracy of sex identification was 68.3% using dimensions of the foramen magnum.
Conclusion: There was sexual dimorphism in the diameter and area of the foramen magnum which can be used for sex determination.
Association between Alopecia Areata and Thyroid Dysfunction in Western Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pratistha , Shrestha Meera , Gurung Sabhayata
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by patchy loss of hair. The etiopathogenesis of the disease is still unclear, but the role of autoimmunity is strongly suggested. Alopecia areata is associated with autoimmune thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus. So the main aim of this study is to study the association between alopecia areata and thyroid dysfunction.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study involving 105 patients with alopecia areata. Thyroid function tests (free T3, T4, TSH ) were performed in all the patients with alopecia areata. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20.  A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statically significant.

Results: Within alopecia areata patients, in only one male patient (1.9%) T3 was abnormal, in four female patients (7.5%) and six male patients (11.5 %) T4 was abnormal, and in six female patients (11.3%) and three male patients (5.8%) TSH was abnormal.

Conclusion: In our study, there was no significant association between alopecia areata and thyroid function tests.
Social Media Use and Negative Health Impacts
Authors: Sharma Prakash
Published: July 2023

N/A
Determinación del CL50 y evaluación de la actividad genotóxica del arsénico sobre los eritrocitos nucleados de la sangre periférica del pez cebra (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Scotto Carlos , Céspedes-Lizárraga Ricardo , Medina-Gómez Hugo
Published: July 2023

Es conocida la importancia del pez cebra (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822) como animal modelo para entender cómo se producen diversos procesos biológicos por genotoxicidad. En la presente investigación se obtuvo la CL50 (concentración letal media) para el arsénico (As) que fue 0,3 mg. L-1. Luego se usó la sangre periférica para poder visualizar el daño genotóxico causado por el As en los eritrocitos nucleados mediante el ensayo cometa. Se encontraron todos los tipos de cometas de acuerdo con la concentración de As, el tipo 0 (sin daño) en el control y en el resto desde la CL50 estaban presentes todos los tipos de cometa siendo más abundantes el tipo 3 y 4 (daño severo y grave). Las concentraciones 1/10, 1/5 y 1/2 de la CL50 se evidenció los tipos de cometa tipo 1 y 2 con mayor frecuencia demostrándose la alta sensibilidad del ensayo cometa y la gran versatilidad como animal modelo del pez cebra.
Viabilidad de Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1846 con dependencia alimentaria del saco vitelino
Authors: Mamani-Ochochoque Juan , Atencio-Hancco Yeni Karina , Huanca-Ramos Edwin Uriel , Quispe-Quispe Miriam Judith , Argota-Pérez George
Published: July 2023

El objetivo del estudio fue describir la viabilidad de Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1846 con dependencia alimentariadel saco vitelino. la tendencia a la muerte de las prelarvas durante los primeros siete días fue en aumento. El estudio serealizó en el laboratorio de cultivo prototipo de la Fundación Titicaca Perú (FUNTI-PERU), Puno, Perú. Se utilizó comomaterial biológico, 100 unidades de prelarvas de O. luteus donde se distribuyeron en dos acuarios con 50 ejemplarescada uno. Se controló la calidad ambiental del agua medidor multiparamétrico HANNA HI98194 (temperatura =12°C-15°C, oxígeno disuelto = 6,0 mg·L-1 – 6,3 mg·L-1, pH = 7,0 – 7,5). Durante 15 días se realizó el recambio de aguadurante cinco veces con una frecuencia cada tres días. Las prelarvas de O. luteus no se alimentaron durante los primerossiete días y desde el octavo al décimo día se le suministró como dieta exógena Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758. Sinembargo, al octavo día cuando se suministró A. salina la tendencia fue a la disminución de la mortalidad. Se concluye,que la supervivencia de O. luteus disminuye una vez que trascurren los tres primeros días, aun cuando existe presenciadel saco vitelino. Asimismo, existió tendencia a mantenerse la viabilidad cuando hubo dependencia de la alimentaciónexógena mediante la A. salina.
STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY OF MARKET ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Blahopoluchna A. H. , Kyryliuk I.M. , Liakhovska N.O.
Published: July 2023

In modern realities, hotel enterprises operate in conditions of uncertainty, which is associated with rapid changes in the market environment. In order for the hotel business to be able to survive and implement their services in the long run, it is necessary to effectively implement the process of strategic management. Properly chosen development strategy will allow hotel companies to determine the priority of certain services that will be provided in certain specific situations.

The strategic development of hotel enterprises in conditions of uncertainty is currently a topical issue, because despite the similarity of common approaches, each company creates a unique combination of basic and functional strategies.

Given the crisis in the national economy and the current socio-political problems, it is necessary to formulate its own development strategy, which will take into account the patterns of market economy, the impact of external and internal factors of the market environment and work effectively to reduce risks.

The market of hotel and restaurant services is not homogeneous and sufficiently studied, is subject to changes in the crisis of economic development, which actualizes the use of marketing tools to achieve efficiency of producers of hotel and restaurant services in an unstable market environment. The starting point in defining and using the modern concept of marketing is the idea of ​​human needs and wants (physical needs and needs for food, clothing, warmth, security; social needs and needs for knowledge and self-expression). People's needs are limitless, but resources to meet them are limited. Therefore, the consumer will choose the services that give him the greatest satisfaction within his capabilities.
CHALLENGES TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DCFTA WITH THE EU
Authors: Zubko Tetiana
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to determine the factors influencing the DCFTA + EU on sectors of the domestic economy. The methodological basis of the study is a combination of theoretical generalization, quantitative analysis, comparison, systematization, to identify opportunities and challenges of deepening integration with the EU for the development of Ukraine. The article analyzes the four-year period (from 2017 to 2020) of the implementation of the DCFTA and identifies prospects and shortcomings in the main economic and social spheres of implementation. The key characteristics of the economies of Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine are analyzed and the main trends of foreign trade of these countries are identified.

The results of the study indicate the ambiguous impact of the DCFTA + on the analyzed sectors of the economy, taking into account external events and the internal state of the country (decline of industry and science, pandemic, war). After the aggression of Russia and Belarus against Ukraine, the amount of Ukrainian grain for export is declining, logistical difficulties have arisen and, given the rapid rise in grain prices on the world market, any investment in agriculture will yield tangible results both now and in the future. However, the benefits of reforms in Ukraine with the introduction of the DCFTA should largely be expected not now, but in the long run. It is noted that some barriers to trade with EU countries are caused by high standards for goods. The need to improve marketing, advertising, legislation and use of diplomats, the international prestige of Ukraine is determined.

The generalization of the main advantages and challenges of the implementation of the DCFTA for the sectors of the economy allowed to determine the time limits of the impact of these factors, and allows to identify the main directions of change in the socio-economic space of Ukraine.
INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FACTORS ON CHANGE IN CONDUCT OF CONSUMER SERVICE CONSUMERS
Authors: Blahopoluchna A. H. , Liakhovska N.O.
Published: July 2023

Consumer behavior involves certain decisions, activities, ideas or experiences that meet the needs and desires of consumers. This applies to all activities directly related to the receipt, consumption and disposal of products and services, including decision-making processes. Many factors influence the decision-making process. They can be psychological, social, cultural, economic, personal and organizational. These factors influence people's consumer behavior, which ultimately influences consumers' choices about using the hospitality industry. Psychological factors influencing consumer behavior are motivation, perception and attitude. Social factors are family, group, role and status. Cultural factors include culture, subculture and social class. Economic factors include personal income, family income, and income expectations. Other factors that are personal include age, occupation, income and lifestyle.

Behavior is an organizational factor that includes marketing strategies, work organization, brand name and company image, and not least factors that influence consumer choice - these are external environmental factors that include economic, political, social, legal, technology and competition . Identifying and understanding the factors that influence consumer behavior can influence their choices and regulate the demand for certain services that can meet the needs and desires, thus increasing the income and profitability of the institution.

Understanding the impact of internal and external factors helps hospitality organizations develop marketing strategies to meet consumer needs and gain market advantage. It has been studied that the consumer cannot make decisions alone, but makes decisions under the influence of several other people who perform different roles. Therefore, consumer behavior as a buyer is strongly influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. These factors help consumers develop product and brand benefits.

Research has shown that the age of consumers influences their choice of accommodation and food. Older consumers are more demanding of comfort and nutrition. Data for this study were collected through a self-administered questionnaire.

The questionnaire was compiled after an extensive survey and analysis of the scientific literature. The questionnaire presents a list of external and internal factors that affect the behavior of consumers of hospitality services. Each factor was evaluated in 2 points. Points were translated into percentages.
MANAGEMENT OF SALES ACTIVITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Bovkun Olga
Published: July 2023

The article examines the essence and approaches to managing sales activities of an industrial enterprise in conditions of financial instability, as rapid changes in environmental conditions require entrepreneurs to find ways to preserve the company's competitive position. It has been proven that the most progressive way of organizing the sales activities of an industrial enterprise is distribution planning, which can be defined as a planned, professionally managed vertical marketing system that takes into account the interests of both the manufacturer and intermediaries. In this case, the manufacturers create in their structure a department for planning work with distributors, which is engaged in identifying the needs of their partners and developing programs to motivate intermediaries. The effectiveness of the sales activity of the enterprise largely depends on the correct definition of its functions, intermediate and final goals, that is, on the ability to manage it. In the most general sense, management is an element of production, business and other relations, which have the task of coordinating and harmonizing the activities of people and labor teams regarding the organization of the production of material goods, their development, implementation, sale, consumption. The organization of sales activities at the enterprise is one of the most important components of its functioning. Sales activity provides the enterprise with the main cash flow for its operation. Summing up, it should be noted that doing business in Ukraine is characterized by constant changes in factors affecting the activities of the company, its partners, suppliers, consumers and potential customers. All this leads to the fact that it is impossible to manage the business in conditions of rapidly changing circumstances and to make an adequate forecast of the development of events in the market, which determines the importance of a new approach to the management of the company's activities, especially sales.
POZA GRANICE PERCEPCJI: „MEMORY SURFACES AND MENTAL PRAYERS” BILLA VIOLI
Authors: PITRUS Andrzej
Published: July 2023

Andrzej Pitrus analyzes and interprets Bill Viola’s tape „Memory Surfaces and Mental Prayers”(1977). The cycle was created as one of the earlier works by Viola, and deals with the issue ofperception. The artist also refers to his fascination with cultures, philosophy, and religions of theEast. All three pieces included in the tape are discussed: „The Wheel of Becoming”, „The MorningAfter the Night of Power” and „Sweet Light”. Each of them uses different techniques and creativestrategies to explore the medium, which was a relatively new artistic tool in the second part of theseventies. Bill Viola’s work seems to be quite unique as it combines explorations of technology withmusings about the very nature of human perception. The artist is quite convinced that a humanbeing is not able to see the world as it really is. His perception is limited both by his own senses,and technologies he creates and uses.
PSYCHOLOGICZNE I SPOŁECZNE KONSEKWENCJE UTRATY DZIECKA W WYNIKU PORONIENIA
Authors: Guzewicz Monika
Published: July 2023

This article refers to a situation of losing a child in the prenatal period which is a difficultexperience affecting numerous families. Need of providing proper and purposeful help encouragesa research on multifaceted consequences of this situation in different areas of life. Psychologicaloutcomes usually disclose directly after the moment when the loss occurs and they evolve as thetime goes. Proper overcoming of a loss of a child is the best solution for this situation. Unfortunatelyfor many reasons it remains impossible. That is why experienced emotions and pain inevitablybecome a source of depressive symptoms. Article also concerns family, social and religious dimensionof discussed phenomena. The paper presents results of the research on the prevalence of depressivesymptoms among women experiencing the loss of a child before birth. The analysis was based ona research conducted on patients (N = 60) of Szpital św. Aleksandra in Kielce. To investigate theprevalence of depression and for the purpose of assessment of the intensity of its components theBeck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. The results prove the presence of depression symptomsamong the participants of the survey. Following highly diagnostic items can be mentioned: senseof guilt, low mood and irritability.
UCZESTNICTWO ŚWIECKICH W DUSZPASTERSTWIE MIGRANTÓW W ŚWIETLE NORM PRAWA KANONICZNEGO
Authors: Wojnicz Piotr
Published: July 2023

Contemporary migration is a major challenge for the international community. Migrationis not only a change of the demographic character of the region or the increase of cheap labour.Migration is primarily a tragedy of millions of people who are deprived of the homes, are forced byhuman and natural factors to seek better social conditions of living.The Church created the canonical structure of the pastoral care of migrants. These structuresoperate on three levels: universal, national and diocesan. A major achievement was the creationof the Pastoral Care of Migrants. However, these structures which are closest to the migrantsembody the ideas of pastoral care of migrants the most. Very important elements of this structureare: personal parish for migrants and chaplain of migrants. The main aim of these structures isto create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between the world of migrants and the localcommunity and to facilitating the integration.However, the most important thing is the activity of individual believers who in everyday lifeimplement Christian values. Proper adoption and solidarity with world of migrants should be thedeterminant attitude of Christians towards people who have left their homeland.
Nowa dyrektywa interpretacyjna jako odpowiedź na barierę MŚP w zakresie niejasności przepisów prawa podatkowego – kilka uwag
Authors: Szecówka Paweł
Published: July 2023

Co potwierdzają wyniki badań, niejasność przepisów prawa podatkowego jest poważnym problemem dla wszystkich przedsiębiorców, a dla sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw szczególnym. Niejasność ta, stanowi poważną barierę w prowadzeniu działalności gospodarczej w Polsce. Nauka nie może wobec tego problemu pozostawać bierną. Niniejsza praca ukazuje szerokie spectrum skutków, jakie może przynieść gospodarce dalsza obecność tego problemu w realiach funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw. Propozycją zwalczenia tej bariery jest nowa dyrektywa interpretacyjna. Stosowanie jej w praktyce przez organy administracji podatkowej mogłoby całkowicie odmienić relację państwo-podatnik.
Przestępstwo kradzieży z włamaniem w świetle orzecznictwa Sądu Najwyższego w odniesieniu do wykładni norm prawa karnego materialnego
Authors: Kluza Jan
Published: July 2023

Przestępstwo kradzieży z włamaniem funkcjonujące w polskim systemie prawa karnego dość długo jest odpowiednim przykładem na dokonanie analizy zasad jakimi powinno się kierować przy dekodowaniu norm prawa karnego materialnego. Ze względu na to, że zasady odpowiedzialności karnej podlegać muszą ścisłym regułom dotyczącym zasady proporcjonalności wywodzonym z Konsytuacji RP, również opis czynu zabronionego i zasady wykładni jego znamion muszą być precyzyjne i nie mogą prowadzić do rozszerzającej wykładni znamion tego czynu. Wyłom w takim postrzeganiu tych wskazań czyni utrwalone stanowisko Sądu Najwyższego i doktryny postrzegające pojęcie włamania jako autonomiczne pojęcie na gruncie prawa karnego, z czym autor stanowczo się nie zgadza postulując prymat wykładni językowej nad wykładnią celowościową w obrębie prawa karnego.
Kościoły i parafie diecezji ełckiej (cz. 5)
Authors: Guzewicz Wojciech
Published: July 2023

The article presents parishes and churches: Our Lady of Częstochowa in Drygały, St. Andrzej Bobola in Dubeninki, St. Adalbert in Ełk (cathedral), the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Ełk and St. Rafał Kalinowski in Ełk.
Kościoly i parafie diecezji ełckiej (cz. 6)
Authors: Guzewicz Wojciech
Published: July 2023

The article presents seven parishes and churches from the area of the city of Ełk. They are: Christ the Servant, Bl. Karolina Kózkówna, the Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen of the Apostles, St. John the Apostle and Evangelist, St. Thomas the Apostle, the Holy Spirit and God's providence.
Zasady ogólne jako podstawa prawna czynności organu administracji podejmowanych w stadium wszczęcia postępowania
Authors: Kopacz Marta
Published: July 2023

The article points to the need to co-apply the general principles of administrative proceedings with the provisions constituting their concretization. This issue was referred to the stage of initiation of the administrative procedure. Attention was drawn to the normative nature of the general principles. The importance of general principles in administrative proceedings is presented. The procedural steps of the administrative body taken at the stage of initiating the administrative procedure are listed. The methods of initiating administrative proceedings were also indicated. Each act of this stage of the procedure was related to the general principles of the administrative procedure. It has been shown that most of the general rules apply at the stage of initiation of the administrative procedure. It has been inferred that these principles have a direct impact on the type and content of procedural actions of the administrative body undertaken at this stage and in the course of directing the activities of the participants in the proceedings.
TERMINATION OF WAR: FACTORS AFFECTING THE OUTCOME (IN THE EXAMPLE OF THE SECOND KARABAKH WAR)
Authors: Iskandarov Khayal , Gawliczek Piotr , Tomasik Jerzy
Published: July 2023

Termination of war has become one of the most important aspects of modern warfare for the last couple decades. There are a number of factors presented by the historians, military analysts and defence policy critics, which affect the outcome of the war. The presented paper describes the comparative analysis of pre-war strength of Azerbaijan and Armenia, indicates the factors leading to Azerbaijan’s resounding victory and Armenia’s defeat in the Second Karabakh War. The authors highlight four generalized factors in order to shed light on Azerbaijan’s victory. The paper examines the means of war termination and associates only one of them – “Negotiated by Third Party” with the outcome of the Second Karabakh War.
Organizacje społeczne w realizacji zadań proobronnych
Authors: Soboń Andrzej , Adamczewska Marta
Published: July 2023

Involvement of social organizations in defence issues is both an opportunity and a challenge for the state, which should properly use the potential of social organizations. The research carried out among the V4 Group countries and Lithuania confirmed that all countries less or more use pro-defence organizations. It is one of the state’s security interests. The legal acts that define the participation of citizens in defence issues in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Lithuania are constitutions, which provide the right of citizens to association. The Lithuanian Riflemen’s Association, which is a pro-defence organization in Lithuania, included in the defence system of Lithuania, is of particular importance. A clear specification of the tasks, rights and obligations performed by pro-defence organizations is required. The authors recommend that pro-defence issues in Poland should be defined in a similar way like in Lithuania, including pro-defence organizations to the state’s defence activities.
Kościoły i parafie diecezji ełckiej (cz. 8)
Authors: Guzewicz Wojciech
Published: July 2023

The article presents seven parishes and churches from the area of the city of Giżycko. They are: St. Bruno, St. Casimir the Prince, St. Anna, St. Maximilian Maria Kolbe and the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete.
Separation of Bovine Serum Albumin Using Chromatographical Column: Parameters and Simulation
Authors: Khoshaba Haweel Cecilia , J. Ali Ahmed , N. Alias Samar
Published: July 2023

A liquid-solid chromatography of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) on (diethylaminoethyl-cellulose) DEAE-cellulose adsorbent is worked experimentally, to study the effect of changing the influent concentration of (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) at constant volumetric flow rate Q=1ml/min. And the effect of changing the volumetric flow rate (1, 3, 5, and 10 ml/min) at constant influent concentration of Co=0.125mg/ml. By using a glass column of (1.5cm) I.D and (50cm) length, packed with adsorbent of DEAE-cellulose of height (7cm). The influent is introduced in to the column using peristaltic pump and the effluent concentration is investigated using UV-spectrophotometer at 30oC and 280nm wavelength. A spread (steeper) break-through curve is gained at lean feed concentration of 0.125mg/ml, while the flow rate greater than (3ml/min) is almost the same. So it is butter to work at low volumetric flow rate between (1-3) ml/min. The equilibrium-dispersion model of liquid-solid chromatography for a binary mixture, related with Langmuir isotherm correlation is used in the modeling of this work. The resulting model is solved numerically by using MATLAB V.6.5 program.