bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in Weight Status and Development of Hypertension
Authors: Parker Emily D. , Sinaiko Alan R. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Margolis Karen L. , Daley Matt F. , Trower Nicole K. , Sherwood Nancy E. , Greenspan Louise C. , Lo Joan C. , Magid David J. , O’Connor Patrick J.
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the association of BMI percentile and change in BMI percentile to change in blood pressure (BP) percentile and development of hypertension (HTN).

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort included 101 606 subjects age 3 to 17 years from 3 health systems across the United States. Height, weight, and BPs were extracted from electronic health records, and BMI and BP percentiles were computed with the appropriate age, gender, and height charts. Mixed linear regression estimated change in BP percentile, and proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of incident HTN associated with BMI percentile and change in BMI percentile.

RESULTS:

The largest increases in BP percentile were observed among children and adolescents who became obese or maintained obesity. Over a median 3.1 years of follow-up, 0.3% of subjects developed HTN. Obese children ages 3 to 11 had twofold increased risk of developing HTN compared with healthy weight children. Obese children and adolescents had a twofold increased risk of developing HTN, and severely obese children had a more than fourfold increased risk. Compared with those who maintained a healthy weight, children and adolescents who became obese or maintained obesity had a more than threefold increased risk of incident HTN.

CONCLUSIONS:

We observed a strong, statistically significant association between increasing BMI percentile and increases in BP percentile, with risk of incident HTN associated primarily with obesity. The adverse impact of weight gain and obesity in this cohort over a short period underscores the early need for effective strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity.
GLOCALIZATION AND LOCAL ALTERNATIVE ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: UBREŽIOVÁ Iveta , HORSKÁ Elena , MORAVČÍKOVÁ Kamila , UBREŽIOVÁ Andrea
Published: February 2016

The main objective of the paper is to introduce the term glocalization from economic as well as from sociological point of view and to describe the concepts of alternative economies. Companies and firms are no longer operating only in their domestic markets, but they are considered as international corporations with customers in all parts of the world. Marketing departments of these companies try to understand conditions and cultural traditions in different regions of the world, otherwise there is no chance for the company to be successful in international and even global level. Localization, as very important part of glocalization, offers us opportunity to think about alternative economic systems and to confront it with globalization. Therefore, alternative economic systems and its two basic types are described theoretically and then, we introduce their practical implementation in social reality. We point out the attention on the examples from the Slovak Republic and highlight the background of origins and problems connected with establishing of these systems. Finally, we summarize the most important facts which result from the comparison of the systems.1
http://conf.rd.asu.lt/index.php/rd/article/view/63/102
Authors: KRIKŠČIŪNAS Bronislavas
Published: February 2016

The aim of this work is to investigate learning motivation peculiarities of rural unemployed people that are unready for labor market. Research object – learning motivation. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, anonymous questionnaire survey, qualitative and statistic data analysis. Chi square criteria (χ2), significance level p < 0.05 are applied for comparison of results. 76 people unready for labor market in Šakiai region participate in this research: 32 of them are young people under 25 years of age, 18 – returnees from imprisonment, 26 – disabled persons; 36 men and 40 women. Majority of respondents have secondary education, however, only 11.1 % of all returnees from imprisonment are in this group. The researched of all the three groups give preference to the second – modern definition of career. Labor Exchange Office or their own decisions have impact on the respondents mostly. It is worth pointing out that Labor Exchange Office has stronger impact on the disabled (57.7 %) while the youth under 25 tend to decide themselves (53.1 %). Other factors do not have significant influence. The first four learning motives are the most significant to all the three groups of the researched, the least attractive motives are „I am studying for prestige“ and „Random circumstances determined intention to study“. It is unexpected that the motive „I intend to go to further education “is of little importance for the young people. People with disabilities and former prisoners have stronger motivation to learn than unemployed young people under 25 do. Hypothesis is only partly approved – the differences between the groups are not significant and statistically unreliable.
RECEIVING THROUGH GIVING: SCIENTIFIC MEMOS OF WEB BASED LEARNING
Authors: KASPERIŪNIENĖ Judita , DAUKILAS Sigitas
Published: February 2016

In this article the author has offered constructivist grounded theory scientific memos of professors and their students self-regulated learning in social networks. Memos were written following posthuman philosophical tradition seeking to clarify the processes emerging when human web residents having meaningful and valuable real-world experiences navigated in virtual settings. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 professors and instructors and 12 their students from four different universities in two main Lithuanian towns. The grounded theory data still lack saturation and at this stage the substantive grounded theory named Receiving through giving showed the complicated process of collective sharing. Empirical data indicated the vibratory flow of sharing: the respondents demand to receive from the experts and withdrawal while presenting personal knowledge and skills. The oscillation of motivation for sharing depended on the strength of net activities. The differences in sharing nature were observed: professors and instructors protected their data and purposively managed the networked time, while students expressed openness and knowledge grab from various channels with low selection. The author treated social network as a thing controlled by the respondents and as a companion species influencing its occupier’s goals and desires, raising the questions about the researcher’s role either as an observer or active participant of the net processes.
PROVISION OF EQUAL RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES RELATING WITH LABOUR RELATIONS IN PUBLIC SECTOR
Authors: PERKUMIENĖ Dalia , MERKIENĖ Rasa , OGUZ Ozgur
Published: February 2016

Human rights are one of the most popular topics in modern global communities. Therefore, the adoption of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Equal Opportunities and the establishment of the institution that governs the execution of this law is a significant legal step which permits to actually ensure the compliance of one of the most fundamental rights of the individual, i.e. non-discrimination on the basis of gender. Equality, being one of the fundamental principles of human rights, is governed by international contracts and legal acts of the Republic of Lithuania. The results of the questionnaires permit to claim that the administration of Kaunas district municipality pays too little attention to the provision of the information about the Law on Equal Opportunities of the Republic of Lithuania and amendments where of to the employees of Kaunas district municipality. Thus there are a lot of problems related to the provision of equal opportunities to the employees at work.
Őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszia és axillaris blokkdissectio korai emlőrákban – Algoritmus magyarázatokkal, nyitott kérdésekkel
Authors: Cserni Gábor
Published: February 2016

Absztrakt

Az őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopszia bevezetése lényegesen megváltoztatta az emlőrákos
betegek axillájának hagyományos, hónalji blokkdissectióval történő kezelését, és
napjainkra sokkal árnyaltabbá tette azt. Azt, hogy a korai emlőrákos betegek
közül kinél kell őrszemnyirokcsomó-biopsziát végezni és kinél kell e helyett
vagy ez után hónalji blokkdissectiót alkalmazni, több paraméter befolyásolja. A
lehetséges opciókat a közlemény egy algoritmus formájában foglalja össze, és
ennek az algoritmusnak az egyes elemeit magyarázza, az ezzel kapcsolatos
legfontosabb ismeretanyagot foglalja össze.
Fulmináns lefolyású, mellkasi empyemát okozó izolált mellkasfali fasciitis necrotisans
Authors: Kovács Ottó , Szántó Zoltán , Krasznai Géza
Published: February 2016

Absztrakt

Közleményünkben egy 64 éves férfi beteg fulmináns lefolyású, ismeretlen eredetű,
mellkasi empyemával társult izolált mellkasfali nekrotizáló fasciitis esetét
mutatjuk be. A beteg kísérő betegségei között hypertonia, ischaemiás
szívbetegség, pitvarfibrilláció miatti oralis antikoagulálás szerepelt. A valódi
kórokot – a rapid lefolyás miatt – csak post mortem sikerült megállapítani. A
sectiós lelet alapján a kiindulást kis kiterjedésű tompa mellkasi trauma
(haematoma) okozta, amely az anamnézisből nem derült ki és fizikális
vizsgálattal sem volt észlelhető. Esetünk kapcsán áttekintjük a diagnosztikus
buktatókat, amelyek a késedelmes felismeréshez vezetnek. A gyors diagnózis
felállítását követően a sebészi debridement, célzott széles spektrumú
antibiotikum- és maximális intenzív terápia a nekrotizáló fasciitis kezelésének
alappillérei.
Kardiometabolikus betegségek megelőzése és gyógyítása jógával
Authors: Apor Péter
Published: February 2016

Yoga and other body-mind techniques enjoy an increasing popularity in many fields of health maintaining practices, in prevention of some illnesses and in curative medicine in spite of our incomplete knowledge about its applicability and effects. There are large differences among the various yoga-schools and the heterogeneity of indications etc. In this article a bucket of recent information is offered for the inquirers on the potential advantages of yoga (diet, mind-exercises, asanas, pranayamas) for decreasing cardio-metabolic risk factors, stabilizing mental health, and its addictive use in curative medicine. Few adverse side-effects may occur only in the case of misapplication. Its advantages are low costs, availability for broad population, and very few contraindications. Disadvantages include differences in the ability of yoga instructors and in yoga practices. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(9), 323–327.
Dietary quality varies according to data collection instrument: a comparison between a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo , Souza Rita Adriana Gomes de , Cnop Mara Lima De , Monteiro Luana Silva , Coura Camila Pinheiro , Brito Alessandra Page , Pereira Rosangela Alves
Published: February 2016

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised (BHEI-R), estimated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple 24-hour recalls (24h-R). The Wilcoxon paired test, partial correlations (PC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman method were used. The total BHEI-R scores and its components (“total fruits”, “whole fruits”, “total vegetables”, “integral cereals”, “saturated fat”, “sodium”, and “energy intake derived from solid fat, added sugar, and alcoholic beverages”) were statistically different, with the ICC and PC indicating poor concordance and correlation. The mean concordance estimated for the total BHEI-R and its components varied from 68% for “integral cereals” to 147% for “whole fruits”. The suitable concordance limits were violated for most of the components of the BHEI-R. Poor concordance was observed between the BHEI-R estimated by the FFQ and by multiple 24h-R, which indicated a strong reliability of the BHEI-R on the instrument used to collect information on food consumption.
Contracepção pós-abortamento: relação com a atenção em contracepção e intenção reprodutiva
Authors: Borges Ana Luiza Vilela
Published: February 2016

Resumo Aconselhamento em contracepção e oferta de insumos contraceptivos são parte da atenção pós-abortamento e influenciam positivamente o uso de métodos contraceptivos. Estudos que mostram tais evidências são realizados, predominantemente, em países sem restrições legais ao aborto e com adequada atenção às mulheres que interrompem a gravidez. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito das práticas contraceptivas em contextos de ilegalidade do aborto, caso do Brasil, em que a atenção em contracepção pós-abortamento é inadequada. O objetivo foi analisar o efeito da atenção em contracepção no uso de preservativo masculino, anticonceptivo oral e injetável nos seis meses pós-abortamento, considerando a intenção reprodutiva. Os resultados mostraram que a atenção em contracepção tem efeito positivo apenas sobre o uso do anticonceptivo oral nos seis meses pós-abortamento, desde que a mulher tenha passado por consulta médica no mesmo mês em que recebeu orientações sobre contracepção. Uma ou outra ação não tem efeito significativo quando ocorre isoladamente.
Persistência da taxa de câmbio real: um estudo a partir do estimador local de Whittle
Authors: Marques André M.
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Diante do regime de câmbio flexível desde 1973, com a abertura comercial e a maior integração financeira entre os países, aumentou também a volatilidade da taxa cambial e a dificuldade de se encontrar evidências favoráveis à hipótese da paridade do poder de compra. O estudo investiga a possibilidade de queda na persistência da taxa de câmbio real em um contexto de aumento da integração financeira e comercial entre as economias. Com dados mensais para uma amostra de 20 países, a hipótese de mudança na persistência é testada com base na estimação do coeficiente fracionário d para dois períodos (1975-1994; 1995-2011). A utilização de um estimador robusto em relação à heteroscedasticidade condicional pode fornecer indícios mais confiáveis acerca da estacionariedade da taxa de câmbio real e consequentemente da paridade do poder de compra. Os resultados sugerem que não houve mudança significativa na persistência da taxa de câmbio real, que continua não estacionária.
Custo de acessibilidade entre residência e trabalho: um enfoque das características individuais, familiares e locais
Authors: Betarelli Junior Admir Antonio
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Este artigo analisa o quanto as características individuais, familiares e locais podem influenciar na probabilidade de a própria pessoa ocupada ter maior ou menor custo de acessibilidade no deslocamento da sua residência ao local de trabalho. Para tanto, utiliza-se o tempo médio gasto do domicílio ao trabalho (disponível na PNAD) como custo de acessibilidade, cuja variável de resposta ordenada é estimada por máxima verossimilhança com o modelo logit ordenado generalizado (MLOG). Os principais resultados alcançados apontam que as famílias sem filhos promovem um efeito negativo sobre a probabilidade de um menor custo de acessibilidade; o aumento da idade faz elevar as chances dos indivíduos de se preocuparem com os seus custos de acessibilidade; e, quando as pessoas ocupadas recebem auxílio de transporte, aumentam as chances de terem até 30 minutos de percurso entre sua residência e trabalho.
Do que é feito um país campeão? Análise empírica de determinantes sociais e econômicos para o sucesso olímpico
Authors: Oliveira Neto Edimilson Torres de , Bertussi Geovana Lorena
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os determinantes sociais, econômicos e políticos do sucesso olímpico para o período pós-guerra. Para isso, realizamos uma regressão de painel de efeito fixo, com uma amostra de 102 países para o período de 1960 a 2012. As variáveis dependentes utilizadas são: a soma do total de medalhas que o país ganhou em uma edição dos JogosOlímpicos e o total de medalhas de ouro que o país conquistou. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os determinantes mais significantes para essas variáveis explicadas são o PIB per capita, o nível de autocracia, a média do total de anos de estudo e o fato de o país sediar os Jogos.
Dívida pública brasileira: uma análise comparativa dos três principais indicadores de esforço fiscal do governo
Authors: Athayde David Rebelo , Vianna André Coelho
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Este artigo busca comparar os três indicadores da dívida pública brasileira mais utilizados como medidores de condição fiscal do país: a Dívida Líquida do Setor Público (DLSP) e a Dívida Bruta do Governo Geral (DBGG), calculadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil, e a Dívida Bruta do Governo Geral, calculada pelo Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI). O objetivo deste trabalho é responder qual deles seria, atualmente, o que melhor expressa o esforço fiscal do governo. Para tanto, foram feitos exercícios de correlação entre esses indicadores e dois parâmetros econômicos relacionados à capacidade e à disposição do governo em honrar seus compromissos fiscais: crescimento econômico e superávit primário. Os mesmos exercícios foram repetidos para um período de maior volatilidade nos mercados financeiros internacionais, como forma de averiguar como tais indicadores reagem em momentos em que o governo, em geral, necessita se financiar a custos maiores. Os resultados sugerem que a Dívida Bruta do Governo Geral, calculada pelo Banco Central do Brasil, é o melhor indicador, dentre os três pesquisados, para a medição do desempenho fiscal brasileiro nos últimos anos.
A sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo em Minas Gerais: uma aplicação do método da pegada ecológica
Authors: Gonzalez Marcos Henrique Godoi , Andrade Daniel Caixeta
Published: February 2016

Resumo: Embora sejam intensas as preocupações com o desenvolvimento sustentável, escassas são as tentativas de se mensurá-lo entre as unidades subnacionais no Brasil. Com o intuito de contribuir para o preenchimento dessa lacuna, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a sustentabilidade ecológica do consumo da população do Estado de Minas Gerais no ano de 2008 por meio do cálculo de sua pegada ecológica. A análise se baseia nas contribuições mais recentes para tal metodologia, buscando comparar o impacto local e a disponibilidade global de recursos. Concluiu-se que, apesar de estar dentro da própria capacidade de suporte do Estado, em termos per capita, a demanda absoluta por capital natural gera uma pressão excessiva quando comparada à disponibilidade mundial de capital natural, uma vez que, caso a população de todo o mundo mantivesse o mesmo padrão de consumo dos mineiros, seriam necessários 2,64 planetas Terra para sustentá-la.
A new approach to poverty in Brazil: a bidimensional measurement of well-being
Authors: Ribeiro Lilian Lopes , Marinho Emerson Luis Lemos
Published: February 2016

Abstract: This article analyzes poverty in Brazilian families using a bi-dimensional measure that considers both income and time allocation. The Vickery methodology (1977), in which poverty isoquant curves are built for each type of family structure, is used to identify the proportion of generalized poverty. The percentage of involuntarily and voluntarily poor families is also estimated. Among the results obtained, it can be seen that poverty rates increase significantly when time is considered as a resource because working parents, especially in single-parent families, very often do not have the time to perform essential household chores. A higher percentage of generalized poverty is found among single-parent families and among those with a higher number of children. The highest percentage of involuntarily poor people is found among families with a high number of children.
ETNOECOLOGIA E ETNOBOTÂNICA DA PALMEIRA CARNAÚBA NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Ferreira de , Silva Richeliel Albert Rodrigues , Rocha Talita Geovanna Fernandes , Santana José Augusto da Silva , Vieira Fábio de Almeida
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar aspectos etnoecológicos e etnobotânicos da carnaúba (Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore, Arecaceae) em uma comunidade extrativista do município de Ipanguaçu, estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram entrevistados moradores considerados informantes-chaves, utilizando a técnica da indução não específica, turnê guiada e observação direta para confirmar as informações obtidas. Segundo a maioria dos moradores do Assentamento Pedro Ezequiel de Araújo, o carnaubal da região é uma formação vegetal natural. Na investigação etnoecológica, 73% dos informantes relataram a ocorrência de "um tipo diferente de carnaúba", conhecida como "carnaúba branca", fenotipicamente distinta da "carnaúba comum" por apresentar estipe claro, frutos menores e ausência de espinhos no pecíolo, além de ser rara no local de estudo. Grande parte dos informantes observam os processos fenológicos da carnaúba, sendo condizentes ao afirmar que a espécie possui dispersão quiropterocórica. Na etnobotânica, o pó cerífero foi citado por todos como o produto mais importante extraído da carnaúba e a folha a parte mais usada, seguida dos frutos, caule e raiz. Foram relatadas ainda as divisões de trabalho na extração do pó da carnaúba. Os resultados desta pesquisa irão contribuir para difundir os conhecimentos etnobotânicos e etnoecológicos da carnaúba, subsidiando estratégias de manejo e conservação das populações naturais.
CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUED LAMINATED PANELS PRODUCED WITH STRIPS OF BAMBOO (Guadua magna) NATIVE FROM THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO
Authors: Teixeira Divino Eterno , Bastos Rodrigo Pinheiro , Almeida Sergio Alberto de Oliveira
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Panels were produced with strips of bamboo (Guadua magna) in layers crossed at angles of 90° and bonded with phenol-formaldehyde or PVA based resin, glued in three and five plies. The panels were tested and the physical and mechanical properties determined. The tests were primarily related to the commercial adhesives used as well as the number of layers of bamboo used. The density ranged from 0.690 to 0.768 g.cm-3. Panels bonded with PVA resin showed low mechanical strength, with MOR between 6.7 and 7.8 MPa. Those bonded with phenol-formaldehyde adhesive showed high strength, with modulus of rupture (MOR) ranging from 55.5 to 87.0 MPa, which is excellent for boards similar to wood-based panels. Panels with phenolic resin also had reduced thickness swelling, up to 8.4%. The panels made with three layers showed higher resistance to bending than those made with five layers.
PLANEJAMENTO ESPACIAL DA COLHEITA CONSIDERANDO ÁREAS MÁXIMAS OPERACIONAIS
Authors: Augustynczik Andrey Lessa Derci , Arce Julio Eduardo , Silva Arinei Carlos Lindbeck da
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Um dos maiores desafios com que se deparam os gestores na realização do planejamento da produção florestal se refere às questões logísticas das operações de colheita. O planejamento operacional da colheita florestal deve ser realizado de forma a conciliar as questões econômicas e ambientais, buscando aumentar a eficiência e mitigar danos relacionados à abertura da cobertura florestal. A inclusão de relações espaciais no planejamento da colheita florestal usualmente é realizada por meio de restrições de adjacência. Para resolver este tipo de problema os principais enfoques utilizados são a abordagem URM (Unit Restriction Model) e a abordagem ARM (Area Restriction Model). Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo foi realizar o planejamento florestal otimizado dos 236 talhões de uma floresta composta por Pinus taeda e Eucalyptus sp., incorporando ao modelo restrições clássicas como área disponível e equilíbrio, entre outras, e as restrições de adjacência do tipo URM e ARM, avaliando seu efeito no resultado da otimização. Com os resultados da otimização é possível concluir que abordagens ARM e URM são alternativas viáveis para tratar de problemas de agendamento da colheita florestal, sendo que para a área em questão a abordagem ARM é a mais adequada, devido à possibilidade de obter maiores retornos econômicos, respeitando áreas limites de colheita.
A equipe enquanto lugar de formação: a educação permanente em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras drogas
Authors: Silva Daniela Luciana Silva e , Knobloch Felícia
Published: February 2016

Este artigo visa analisar criticamente a experiência de implantação de um processo de educação permanente pelos profissionais de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas (CAPS ad) do município de Campinas, SP, Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram coletados por grupos focais com os trabalhadores do referido serviço e a análise do material produzido nestes encontros se utilizou de narrativas.
Organizações sociais como modelo de gestão da assistência à saúde em Pernambuco, Brasil: percepção de gestores
Authors: Pacheco Hélder Freire , Gurgel Júnior Garibaldi Dantas , Santos Francisco de Assis da Silva , Ferreira Simone Cristina da Costa , Leal Eliane Maria Medeiros
Published: February 2016

O estudo analisa a percepção dos agentes públicos quanto à adoção do modelo de gestão baseado na transferência de responsabilidades gestoras para Organizações Sociais na assistência à saúde. Utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa multimétodo, tendo, como técnicas de pesquisa, entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores públicos estaduais, e a realização de grupo focal com gestores municipais da saúde, no Estado de Pernambuco, além de análise de dados documentais. Os resultados apontam divergências quanto à percepção dos gestores no tocante à regulação do Estado sobre essas organizações e discordâncias políticas sobre o modelo em si. Conclui-se que existem visões distintas, com respeito ao modelo de gestão adotado, de acordo com a posição que ocupa o gestor público no Sistema Único de Saúde no Estado.
Fungos Micorrízicos Arbusculares em Dois Fragmentos Florestais de Restinga Periodicamente Inundável em Marambaia, RJ
Authors: Camara Rodrigo , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Paula Ranieri Ribeiro , Silva Eliane Maria Ribeiro da
Published: February 2016

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) em dois fragmentos florestais (FF 1 e FF 2) de Restinga periodicamente inundável, dispostos em um gradiente de saturação hídrica do solo em Marambaia, RJ. Em cada área foram coletadas amostras da camada superficial (0-5 cm), para avaliação da comunidade de FMA e dos atributos do solo. Entre as seis espécies de FMA encontradas, cinco foram comuns a ambas as áreas e Acaulospora scrobiculata se restringiu a FF 1. Acaulospora e Glomus foram os gêneros mais adaptados às condições ambientais dos ecossistemas. Não houve diferença significativa entre os fragmentos quanto à riqueza de espécies de FMA. Contudo, a abundância de esporos foi maior no FF 1. Parte destes resultados pode ser um reflexo dos menores valores de P disponível, teor de água e temperatura do solo no FF 1, quando comparado ao FF 2.
Análise Econômica e de Sensibilidade em um Povoamento Implantado no Sudoeste da Bahia
Authors: Virgens Aline Pereira das , Freitas Luis Carlos de , Leite Ângelo Márcio Pinto
Published: February 2016

RESUMO A execução de um projeto florestal deve ser norteada por ferramentas de análise econômica, de forma que se possa respaldar os investimentos realizados. Objetivou-se neste trabalho promover uma análise econômica e de sensibilidade em projetos de reflorestamento de eucalipto na microrregião de Vitória da Conquista, BA. Utilizou-se como critério o Valor Presente Líquido, a Taxa Interna de Retorno, o Valor Periódico Equivalente e o Custo Médio de Produção. A análise de sensibilidade foi realizada através da variação da taxa anual de juros, da produção e do preço da madeira. O custo de implantação apresentou valor de 2.091,92 reais/ha. Se tratando do processo de condução, obteve-se um valor de 915,29 reais/ha, corrigidos para o ano zero. Apesar da característica de longo prazo, a atividade florestal constituiu alternativa de renda para os pequenos produtores, apresentando viabilidade econômica em todos os critérios avaliados.
ERICA: use of screens and consumption of meals and snacks by Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Souza , Barufaldi Laura Augusta , Abreu Gabriela de Azevedo , Leal Vanessa Sá , Brunken Gisela Soares , Vasconcelos Sandra Mary Lima , Santos Marize Melo dos , Bloch Katia Vergetti
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the length of exposure to screens and the prevalence of consumption of meals and snacks by Brazilian adolescents in front of screens. METHODS We evaluated 74,589 12 to 17-year old adolescents from 1,247 schools in 124 Brazilian municipalities. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Its segment regarding nutrition contained questions about using TV, computers, and video game systems, having meals while watching TV, and consuming snacks in front of screens. Consumption of meals and snacks in front of screens was analyzed according to the following variables: geographical region, gender, age range, type of school (public or private), and school shift. The prevalences and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated under a complex sampling design. RESULTS A great deal of the adolescents (73.5%, 95%CI 72.3-74.7) reported spending two or more hours a day in front of screens. That habit was more frequent among male adolescents, private school students, morning shift students, and students from Brazil’s South region. More than half of the adolescents (56.6%, 95%CI 55.4-57.8) reported almost always or always having meals in front of TV, and 39.6% (95%CI 38.8-40.5) of them said they consumed snacks in front of screens exactly as often. Both situations were the most prevalent ones among the girls, who attended public schools and were from Brazil’s Midwest region. CONCLUSIONS Length of exposure to screens and consumption of meals and snacks almost always or always in front of screens are high among Brazilian adolescents. It is necessary to develop strategies aiming to reduce the length of screen use, considering the media reality that children and adolescents have been experiencing from earlier and earlier ages. That context must therefore be analyzed in an indissociable way.
ERICA: leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Cureau Felipe Vogt , Silva Thiago Luiz Nogueira da , Bloch Katia Vergetti , Fujimori Elizabeth , Belfort Dilson Rodrigues , Carvalho Kênia Mara Baiocchi de , Leon Elisa Brosina de , Vasconcellos Mauricio Teixeira Leite de , Ekelund Ulf , Schaan Beatriz D
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents and their association with geographical and sociodemographic variables. METHODS The sample was composed by 74,589 adolescents participating in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). This cross-sectional study of school basis with national scope involved adolescents aged from 12 to 17 years in Brazilian cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants. The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was categorized according to the volume of weekly practice (< 300; 0 min). The prevalences were estimated for the total sample and by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess associated factors. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity was 54.3% (95%CI 53.4-55.2), and higher for the female sex (70.7%, 95%CI 69.5-71.9) compared to the male (38.0%, 95%CI 36.7-39.4). More than a quarter of adolescents (26.5%, 95%CI 25.8-27.3) reported not practicing physical activity in the leisure time, a condition more prevalent for girls (39.8%, 95%CI 38.8-40.9) than boys (13.4%, 95%CI 12.4-14.4). For girls, the variables that were associated with physical inactivity were: reside in the Northeast (RP = 1.13, 95%CI 1.08-1.19), Southeast (RP = 1.16, 95%CI 1.11-1.22) and South (RP = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18); have 16-17 years (RP = 1.06, 95%CI 1.12-1.15); and belong to the lower economic class (RP = 1.33, 95%CI 1.20-1.48). The same factors, except reside in the Southeast and South, were also associated with not practicing physical activity in the leisure time for the same group. In males, as well as the region, being older (p < 0.001) and declaring to be indigenous (RP = 0.37, 95%CI 0.19-0.73) were also associated with not practicing physical activities in the leisure time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents is high. It presents regional variations and is associated with age and low socioeconomic status. Special attention should be given to girls and to those who do not engage in any physical activity during the leisure time, so that they can adopt a more active lifestyle.
ERICA: sexual initiation and contraception in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Borges Ana Luiza Vilela , Fujimori Elizabeth , Kuschnir Maria Cristina Caetano , Chofakian Christiane Borges do Nascimento , Moraes Ana Júlia Pantoja de , Azevedo George Dantas , Santos Karine Ferreira dos , Vasconcellos Mauricio Teixeira Leite de
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of sexual initiation and contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse of Brazilian adolescents, according to sociodemographic features. METHODS The data were obtained from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), a national school-based cross-sectional study. We included 74,589 adolescents from 32 geographic strata (27 capitals and five sets of municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants of each of the five macro-regions of the Country). Information on sexual initiation and contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse (male condom and oral contraceptive pill) has been used. We have estimated prevalence and confidence intervals (95%CI) considering sample weights according to sex, age, type of school, residence status, macro-region and capitals. RESULTS We observed that 28.1% (95%CI 27.0-29.2) of the adolescents had already initiated sexual life, with higher prevalence among those aged 17 years (56.4%, 95%CI 53.9-58.9), males (33.5%, 95%CI 31.8-35.2), studying at public schools (29.9%, 95%CI 28.5-31.4), and from the Northern region (33.9%, 95%CI 32.3-35.4), mainly from Macapa, Manaus, and Rio Branco. Among those who had started their sexual life, 82.3% (95%CI 81.1-83.4) reported the use of contraceptive methods at the last intercourse, and the prevalence of use was higher among adolescents aged 17 years (85.3%, 95%CI 82.7-87.6), females (85.2%, 95%CI 83.8-86.5) and those living in the Southern region (85.9%, 95%CI 82.9-88.5). Male condom was used by 68.8% (95%CI 66.9-70.7), with no difference by type of school or macro-regions; the contraceptive pill was used by 13.4% (CI95% 12.2-14.6), and more frequently used among women (24.7%, 95%CI 22.5-27,0) and 17-year-old adolescents (20.8%, 95%CI 18.2-23.6) from urban settings(13.7%, 95%CI 12.5-14.9) and from the Southern region (22.6%, 95%CI 19.0-26.8), and less often in the Northern region. CONCLUSIONS ERICA’s data analysis on sexuality and contraception shows heterogeneities in the prevalence of sexual initiation and use of contraceptive methods among Brazilian adolescents, depending on their age, where they live, and the type of school they study at. Younger adolescents and those living in the Northern region seem to be more vulnerable to the consequences of unprotected sexual intercourses.
ERICA: prevalence of dyslipidemia in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Faria Neto José Rocha , Bento Vivian Freitas Rezende , Baena Cristina Pellegrino , Olandoski Marcia , Gonçalves Luis Gonzaga de Oliveira , Abreu Gabriela de Azevedo , Kuschnir Maria Cristina Caetano , Bloch Katia Vergetti
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in Brazilian adolescents, as well as the prevalence of altered levels of such parameters. METHODS Data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) were used. This is a country-wide, school-based cross-sectional study that evaluated 12 to 17-year old adolescents living in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. The average and distribution of plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated. Dyslipidemia was determined by levels of total cholesterol ≥ 170 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL, or triglycerides ≥ 130 mg/dl. The data were analyzed by gender, age, and regions in Brazil. RESULTS We evaluated 38,069 adolescents – 59.9% of females, and 54.2% between 15 and 17 years. The average values found were: total cholesterol = 148.1 mg/dl (95%CI 147.1-149.1), HDL cholesterol = 47.3 mg/dl (95%CI 46.7-47.9), LDL cholesterol = 85.3 mg/dl (95%CI 84.5-86.1), and triglycerides = 77.8 mg/dl (95%CI 76.5-79.2). The female adolescents had higher average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol, without differences in the levels of triglycerides. We did not observe any significant differences between the average values among 12 to 14 and 15- to 17-year old adolescents. The most prevalent lipid alterations were low HDL cholesterol (46.8% [95%CI 44.8-48.9]), hypercholesterolemia (20.1% [95%CI 19.0-21.3]), and hypertriglyceridemia (7.8% [95%CI 7.1-8.6]). High LDL cholesterol was found in 3.5% (95%CI 3.2-4.0) of the adolescents. Prevalence of low HDL cholesterol was higher in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of Brazilian adolescents has alterations in their plasma lipids. The high prevalence of low HDL cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia, especially in Brazil’s North and Northeast regions, must be analyzed in future studies, to support the creation of strategies for efficient interventions.
ERICA: smoking prevalence in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho , Szklo André Salem , Costa Letícia Casado , Kuschnir Maria Cristina C , Silva Thiago Luiz Nogueira da , Bloch Katia Vergetti , Szklo Moyses
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalences of tobacco use, tobacco experimentation, and frequent smoking among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated participants of the cross-sectional, nation-wide, school-based Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), which included 12- to 17-year-old adolescents from municipalities of over 100 thousand inhabitants. The study sample had a clustered, stratified design and was representative of the whole country, its geographical regions, and all 27 state capitals. The information was obtained with self-administered questionnaires. Tobacco experimentation was defined as having tried cigarettes at least once in life. Adolescents who had smoked on at least one day over the previous 30 days were considered current cigarette smokers. Having smoked cigarettes for at least seven consecutive days was an indicator for regular consumption of tobacco. Considering the complex sampling design, prevalences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated according to sociodemographic and socio-environmental characteristics. RESULTS We evaluated 74,589 adolescents. Among these, 18.5% (95%CI 17.7-19.4) had smoked at least once in life, 5.7% (95%CI 5.3-6.2) smoked at the time of the research, and 2.5% (95%CI 2.2-2.8) smoked often. Adolescents aged 15 to 17 years had higher prevalences for all indicators than those aged 12 to 14 years. The prevalences did not differ significantly between sexes. The highest prevalences were found in the South region and the lowest ones, in the Northeast region. Regardless of sex, the prevalences were found to be higher for adolescents who had had paid jobs, who lived with only one parent, and who reported having been in contact with smokers either inside or outside their homes. Female public school adolescents were found to smoke more than the ones from private schools. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use among adolescents is still a challenge. Intending to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use among young people, especially the ones under socioeconomic vulnerability conditions, Brazil must consolidate and increase effective public health care measures.
Agricultural watershed modeling: a review for hydrology and soil erosion processes
Authors: Mello Carlos Rogério de , Norton Lloyd Darrell , Pinto Leandro Campos , Beskow Samuel , Curi Nilton
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Models have been used by man for thousands of years to control his environment in a favorable way to better human living conditions. The use of hydrologic models has been a widely effective tool in order to support decision makers dealing with watersheds related to several economic and social activities, like public water supply, energy generation, and water availability for agriculture, among others. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss some models on soil and water movement on landscapes (RUSLE, WEPP, GeoWEPP, LASH, DHSVM and AnnAGNPS) to provide information about them to help and serve in a proper manner in order to discuss particular problems related to hydrology and soil erosion processes. Models have been changed and evaluated significantly in recent years, highlighting the use of remote sense, GIS and automatic calibration process, allowing them capable of simulating watersheds under a given land-use and climate change effects. However, hydrology models have almost the same physical structure, which is not enough for simulating problems related to the long-term effects of different land-uses. That has been our challenge for next future: to understand entirely the hydrology cycle, having as reference the critical zone, in which the hydrological processes act together from canopy to the bottom of aquifers.
Cheese bread enriched with biofortified cowpea flour
Authors: Cavalcante Rodrigo Barbosa Monteiro , Morgano Marcelo Antônio , Silva Kaesel Jackson Damasceno e , Rocha Maurisrael de Moura , Araújo Marcos Antônio da Mota , Moreira-Araújo Regilda Saraiva dos Reis
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT The development and enrichment of food are of great importance not only for the industry but also to improve the population's nutrition, where you can create new products or optimize existing ones. The consumption of fortified products in the diet is an option for the control of deficiency diseases. This study aimed to develop enriched cheese bread with whole biofortified cowpea flour and evaluate their acceptance and chemical composition. Two formulations, F1 and F2, were prepared containing 5.6 and 8% of cowpea flour as a substitute for starch, respectively. To check acceptance, three sensory tests were used (Hedonic Scale, Purchase Intent, and Paired Comparison), F1 being sensory viable according to assessors, being chemically analyzed. Minerals were determined by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source. The moisture was determined by drying at 105 °C, ash by calcination in muffle at 550 °C, proteins by the macro-Kjeldahl method, and lipids by hot extraction in a Soxhlet extractor. Carbohydrates were obtained by difference and the calories were calculated. The addition of cowpea increased the amounts of copper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and zinc, as well as protein and carbohydrate values. On the other hand, there was a reduction of the moisture concerning lipids and the total caloric value compared to the standard formulation. It was concluded , therefore, that the cowpea, a regional raw material in market expansion is presented as an option for the enrichment of baked foods that do not contain gluten, such as cheese bread.
Phytochemical profile of morphologically selected yerba-mate progenies
Authors: Valduga Alice Teresa , Gonçalves Itamar Luís , Dartora Nessana , Mielniczki-Pereira Albanin Aparecida , Souza Lauro Mera de
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT Yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) is a native South American species. Plant progenies are populations that differ in terms of their productivity, morphology and phytochemical profile. This study aimed to determine the concentration of primary and secondary metabolites, such as antioxidants, in leaves, of yerba-mate progenies selected based on morphological characteristics. We evaluated the centesimal composition of secondary metabolites in the leaves of five yerba-mate plants. Methylxanthines and phenolic compounds were determined by UPLC-PDA, and antioxidant activity by measuring DPPH scavenging. Significant differences were found in centesimal composition and the contents of caffeine, theobromine, rutin and chlorogenic acid, as well as antioxidant activities, in selected progenies. The IC50 values were correlated with the chlorogenic acid levels ( r2 = 0.5242) and soluble content ( r2 = 0.7686). The morphological characteristics observed in yerba-mate leaves can be used as a tool for plant selection, to obtain matrices with different phytochemical profiles as a genetic material source.
EDM: Neutron electric dipole moment measurement
Authors: Fierlinger Peter
Published: February 2016

An electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron would be a clear sign of new physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. The search for this phenomenon is considered one of the most important experiments in fundamental physics and could provide key information on the excess of matter versus antimatter in the universe. With high measurement precision, this experiment aims to ultimately achieve a sensitivity of 10-28 ecm, a 100-fold improvement in the sensitivity compared to the state-of-the-art. The EDM instrument is operated by an international collaboration based at the Technische Universität München.
Personalized hormonal treatment for prostate cancer: An opportunity for improvement
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar
Published: February 2016

Not applicable.
One thousand patients with symptomatic aortic valve disease and malignancy: Can they withstand aortic valve replacement?
Authors: Mistiaen Wilhelm Peter
Published: February 2016

Aortic valve disease is the third most common cardiovascular disease among the elderly. Once it becomes symptomatic, the short-term prognosis is poor. These patients often have comorbid conditions such as malignancies. The main question is to identify if such patients can undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR) which is the only way to improve prognosis. One thousand patients underwent valve replacement in a 7-year time span. A retrospective file study was performed to evaluate the presence of malignancies, other pre-operative comorbid conditions, severity of heart diseases, operative data and post-operative complications. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test. Malignancies were found in 137 patients. With respect to comorbid conditions, there were no significant differences between cancer and non-cancer patients, except for a higher mean transvalvular gradient (P = 0.027) and less obesity (P = 0.033) or hyperlipidemia (P = 0.052). Post-operative results showed a trend of delirium cases in cancer patients (P = 0.071), and there was a borderline shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.087). There were no significant differences in other post-operative complications or mortality, which was 5.8% for cancer patients and  4.5% for non-cancer patients (P = 0.704). Elderly patients with a history of malignancies can withstand major cardiac surgeries such as AVR. They did not exhibit comorbid conditions or major post-operative complications. Mortality was also comparable. If such patients have an acceptable cancer prognosis, they should not be denied the life-saving AVR. However, the decision to offer AVR should be made by a multidisciplinary team involving cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and oncologists. Once such decision is made, it should not be delayed.

 