bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospection, Enquête et Collectes des Accessions de Poivron (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivés dans la Région de Diffa, Niger
Authors: Saley Moussa Diagara , Amadou Harouna Issa , Kéllou Kaka Kiari Boukar , Boubacar Moussa Mamoudou , Moustapha Grema , Ali Mahamane
Published: November 2022

Le poivron est une plante polyvalente utilisé soit comme épice, soit comme légume-fruit dans la plupart des mets. Sa poudre communément appelé paprika est un condiment largement consommé dans le monde. Au Niger, particulièrement dans la région de Diffa, le poivron est la spéculation la plus cultivée et la plus commercialisée, représentant ainsi le poumon économique de la région. Une prospection suivie d’une enquête et d’une collecte des accessions de poivron a été effectuée dans cinq (5) départements de production de la région de Diffa. Dix-neuf (19) sites/villages ont été prospectés à travers la région. Tous les sites/villages visités ont été géo référencées et une carte a été établie. Au total cinquante un (51) accessions ont été collectées. Il ressort de l’entretien que la culture du poivron est plus pratiquée par la classe d’âge moins avancée avec une fréquence qui varie de 77% (Nguigmi) à 50% (Diffa). Cette culture est pratiquée majoritairement par les hommes dans toutes les zones prospectées. Les résultats montrent également que les kanuri sont majoritairement producteurs de cette spéculation avec une fréquence qui varie de 100% (Bosso et Diffa) à 84% (Nguigmi). La culture est en régression dans certaines localité compte tenu des certaines contraintes biotiques (ravageurs) et abiotiques (inondation, insécurité). Apres les récoltes les fruits sont commercialisés dans les marchés locaux ou régionaux, majoritairement dans le département de Diffa (87%) et en moindre importance dans le département de Bosso (32%). Le prix d’un sac de poivron sec de 17 kg varie de 11 000 à 44 000 FCFA selon les périodes et la disponibilité en quantité et en qualité des fruits.
Pandeminin ilk döneminde bir üniversite hastanesinde sağlık çalışanlarında COVID-19 kümelerinin epidemiyolojik incelemesi
Authors: SEZGİN Edanur , ŞİYVE Neslişah , ÇELİK Saadet Göksu , YILDIRIM ÜSTÜNER Buket , KESKİN Salih , BAŞOĞLU ŞENSOY Ecem , BAYRAK Gamze , ŞENTÜRK DURUKAN Nurcan , COŞKUN BEYAN Ayşe , EMECEN Ahmet Naci , ERGÖR Gül
Published: November 2022

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı bir üniversite hastanesinde COVID-19 tanısı almış sağlık çalışanlarının hastane içinde oluşturdukları kümelerin epidemiyolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi ve bulaş özellikleri açısından incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Hastanemizde pandeminin başından itibaren COVID-19 olan çalışanların ve temaslılarının telefon görüşmesi ile takibi ve risk değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Bu tanımlayıcı çalışmada, bir üniversite hastanesi’nde 20 Mart 2020 ile 10 Eylül 2020 tarihleri arasında oluşan kümelerdeki epidemiyolojik veriler kullanılmıştır. Aynı birimde, aynı zaman diliminde 3 ve üzeri sağlık çalışanının tanı aldığı durumlar küme olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yaş, cinsiyet, meslek, semptom varlığı temas risk durumu gibi tanımlayıcı özellikler yanında her küme için bulaş zinciri takvimleri oluşturulmuştur. Atak hızları, %95 güven aralığı ile birlikte hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada değerlendirilen tarihlerde toplam 98 sağlık çalışanı COVİD-19 tanısı almış, bu çalışanlar içinde toplam 4 küme tespit edilmiştir. Kümelerde toplam 19 olgu vardır, 9’u erkek (%47.4), 10’u kadındır (%52.6); yaş ortalaması 35.6 (±6.96)’dır. Olgulardan 8’i (%42.1) doktor, 6’sı (%31.6) hemşiredir. Kümelerdeki olgularla temaslı toplam 171 kişi vardır, toplam 314 temas değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bu temaslılardan 14 kişi COVID-19 tanısı almıştır. Hastane içi sekonder atak hızı %8.19 (%95 GA: 4.74-13.05) bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarının yüksek riskli bir çalışma ortamı olmakla birlikte, kendi aralarındaki iş nedenli ya da sosyal temaslar da bu riski artırmaktadır. Küçük ve iyi havalandırması olmayan odaları paylaşmak, kalabalık çalışma ortamı, nöbet koşulları, uzun mesai saatleri hastane içi riski artıran nedenlerdendir. Çalışmamız, düzenli sürveyans ile toplanan verilerin belirli aralıklarla değerlendirilerek kümelerin epidemiyolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesini sağlamış, bulaşın azaltılmasına yönelik önlemlerin alınmasına katkıda bulunmuştur.
DENEYİMSEL DEĞER BOYUTLARININ MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYETİNE ETKİSİ: BURDUR MAKÜ LAVANTA TEPESİ HOTEL ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: SONGUR Ahmet , ELİBOL Ali
Published: November 2022

Günümüzde yaşanan yoğun rekabet ortamında işletmelerin mal ve hizmetlerin yanında müşterilere yaşatabilecek eşsiz ve unutulmaz deneyimler oluşturmaları gerekmektedir. Bunun için işletmelerin ürün, hizmet veya faaliyetlerin değerlendirilmesinde algıları belirleyen deneyimsel değer unsurlarını yönetmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, deneyimsel değer boyutlarının müşteri memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Burdur ilinde hizmet veren tek beş yıldızlı otel olan Burdur MAKÜ (Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi) Lavanta Tepesi Hotel’de konaklayan müşteriler araştırmanın evrenini oluşturmaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme tekniğiyle 156 müşteriye ulaşılmıştır. Veri analizi sürecinde anket tekniği ile toplanan verilere açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen temel sonuçlara göre; hotel müşterileri deneyimsel değer algılarının müşteri memnuniyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve müşterilerin deneyimsel değer algıları arttığı zaman müşteri memnuniyeti düzeylerinin de arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda konaklama işletmelerinin deneyimsel değer ve uygulama alt boyutlarını da dikkate alarak pazarlama stratejilerini belirlemeleri önerilmektedir. Konaklama işletmeleri bu sayede müşterilerin işletmeden memnun kalmalarını sağlayarak onların memnuniyet düzeylerini arttırabilecektir.
BİST İMALAT SANAYİ SEKTÖRÜNDE FAALİYET GÖSTEREN İŞLETMELERİN NAKİT AKIŞ PROFİLLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: SATIR Haluk , KISAKÜREK Mustafa
Published: November 2022

Nakit akış tablosu esas, yatırım ve finansman faaliyetlerinden oluşan nakit akış bileşenleri ile raporlanmaktadır. Bu bileşenlerin her birinde meydana gelen pozitif ve negatif nakit akış yönüne göre finansal bir desen gerçekleşmektedir. Gerçekleşen bu nakit akış desenleriyle olası sekiz nakit akış profili belirlenmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul’da işlem gören imalat sanayi sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin nakit akış profillerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla imalat sanayi alt sektörlerindeki işletmelerden oluşan toplam 70 işletmenin 2012-2021 dönemine ait nakit akış tablosu verileri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucuna göre, işletmelerin tüm yıllarda sırasıyla başarılı işletme niteliğine sahip profil 2, büyüyen işletme niteliğine sahip profil 4 ve genç işletme niteliğine sahip profil 6 ile temsil edilen işletmelerden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.
TÜRKİYE’DE AŞI TAŞIMA SİSTEMİNDE AHP VE TOPSIS YÖNTEMLERİ İLE TAŞIMA TÜRÜ SEÇİMİ
Authors: DANIŞAN Tuğba , GÜMÜŞ Gülşen , ERCAN Zeynep , GÜVEN Emel , EREN Tamer
Published: November 2022

Türkiye’de aşı uygulaması son dönemlerde artma eğiliminde olan bir faaliyet olmaya başlamıştır. Bu durum aşı taşıma problemlerini de gündeme getirmektedir. Aşı taşımada en önemli uygulama soğuk zincir uygulamasıdır. Soğuk zincir, üretim aşamasından başlayıp uygulama aşamasına kadar ürünün düşük sıcaklıkta saklanması olarak tanımlanabilir. Aşı için gerekli olan sıcaklığı korumak için, kullanılan taşıma ekipmanları oldukça fazla öneme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda gerçekleştirilen çalışmada Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemleri kullanılarak en uygun aşı taşıma alternatifi seçilmiştir. Çalışmada ÇKKV yöntemlerinden Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve İdeal Çözüme Benzerlik Bakımından Sıralama Performansı Tekniği (TOPSIS-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. AHP yöntemi ile aşı soğuk zincirinde kullanılan ekipmanların seçilme kriterleri ağırlıklandırılmıştır. TOPSIS yöntemi ile de belirlenen alternatifler değerlendirilerek sıralanmıştır. Sonuç olarak en uygun alternatifin aşılar için özel hazırlanmış buzdolabı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
4-6 YAŞ KUR’AN KURSU ÖĞRETİCİ KİTAPLARININ GELİŞİM PSİKOLOJİSİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ*
Authors: YILDIRIM Suzan
Published: November 2022

Okul öncesi dönemde çocuğun psikolojik gelişimine uygun bir şekilde 4-6 yaş Kur’an kurslarında masallar ve oyunlarla verilen din ve değerler eğitimi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı’na (DİB) bağlı olarak il müftülükleri bünyesinde açılan, 4-6 yaş Kur’an Kursu Öğretici Kitapları 1 ve 2 içerisinde yer alan konular, çocuk gelişim psikolojisi açıdan incelenmiştir. Çalışma, bütüncül tekli durum desenli nitel bir araştırmadır. Veri toplama basılı dokümanlar üzerinden yapılmış ve bu dokümanlar betimlenmiştir. İncelenen dokümanlarda; Kur’an Kursları Öğretici 1. Kitapta “Allah Bizi Duyuyor, Peygamberimizin Çocuklara Sevgisi, Sahabenin İkramı, Sadaka, Şeftali Ağacı Hikâyesi” ve 2. Kitapta “Zeytin Yağlı Pırasa” başlıklı bölümlerde yanlış anlamaya müsait olacak ifadeler yer almaktadır. Bayram namazlarının anlatıldığı bölüm ise cinsiyetçi bir bakış ile sunulmuştur. İkinci kitapta hikâyeler daha uzun, görsel daha azdır. Ayrıca, her iki kitapta “Vedûd, Hâlık, mucize, vefat etti, ölüm vs.” gibi soyut kavramlar geçmektedir.
Pengaruh Romantisisme terhadap Tren Psikologis Maḥmūd ‘Abbās al-‘Aqqād dalam Kritik Sastra Arab Modern
Authors: Mutmainah Mia , Tasnimah Tatik Mariyatut
Published: November 2022

This study aims to reveal the influence of the Western romanticism movement on the psychological style developed by Maḥmūd ‘Abbās al-‘Aqqād in assessing and understanding Arabic literary works in the modern era. This research is library research using the analytical-descriptive method. The result of this study shows that the psychological trend of al-‘Aqqād’s criticism is strongly influenced by the romanticism movement. Romanticism is a revolutionary movement in the artistic, literary, and intellectual fields that emerged in Europe as a form of resistance to the conditions around the 18th century. This movement emphasizes the individuality aspect to highlight the liberation of feelings and emotions. This aspect of individuality then became the basis of al-‘Aqqād’s criticism in assessing literary works which, according to him, were full of individual personalities. Thus, the psychological trend in Arabic literary criticism developed by al-‘Aqqād cannot be separated from the immense influence of the romanticism movement that emerged in the West. The results of this study increasingly show the significance of the West's role in the development of Arabic literary criticism in the modern era.
al-Af‘āl al-Kalāmīyah al-Injāzīyah ‘inda Searle fī al-Qiṣṣah al-Qaṣīrah Lu’lu’at al-Ṣabāḥ li-Kāmil Kīlānī
Authors: Alya Fihalisa Mughi Tri , Chotimah Dien Nur
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the various forms and functions of the illocutionary speech acts that contained in the Kāmil Kīlānī’s short story Lu’lu’at al-Ṣabāḥ.  This research uses pragmatic approaches in descriptive qualitative studies.  Using reading and taking notes as data collection techniques, and data reduction, data presentation techniques and making conclusion as data analysis techniques. The results of this study showed that there are five forms of speech act contained in conversations between the short story’s characters of Lu’lu’at al-Ṣabāḥ by Kāmil Kīlānī, namely assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration. The details are that there are 10 assertive speeches, 10 directive speeches, 2 commissive speeches, 1 expressive speech, and 1 declarative speech. And there are 11 functions of illocutionary speech act contained in the short story Lu’lu’at al-Ṣabāḥ by Kāmil Kīlānī: there are 2 speech functions of explaining, 3 speech functions of stating, 2 speech functions of telling, 3 speech functions of affirming, 4 speech function of advising, 4 speech function of requesting, 2 speech function of warning, 2 speech function of offering and threating, 2 speech function of sadness and setting.
Current Complications of Cast Removal with Oscillating Saws and a Novel Method for Reducing Such Complications
Authors: Sevencan Adnan
Published: November 2022

Background:

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the complications associated with conventional methods of cast removal and to compare them with the complications associated with a novel method involving the use of externally guided aids for skin protection.

Methods:

Two hundred and eight cooperative patients ≥5 years of age who had no experience with cast removal were included in the study. Patients were selected arbitrarily and were divided into 2 groups. In Group 1 (106 patients [115 casts]; 60% male; average age, 20 years), conventional protection methods were used. In Group 2 (102 patients [108 casts]; 62% male; average age, 26 years), tong-shaped, externally guided, steel plate aids were used for skin protection. After the insertion of the protective part between the skin and the cast materials, the outer portion of the aid guided the operator to stay in a safe cutting line. The cast removal procedures in each group were documented, and skin injuries, burns, patient anxiety, operator anxiety, and processing time were noted.

Results:

In Group 1, the skin mark/scratch rate was 18%, the full-thickness skin laceration rate was 0.9%, the burn sensation rate was 22%, and the rate of first/second-degree burns was 2.5%. Anxiety was classified as moderate by 57% of the patients and as severe by 8%. Moderate anxiety was reported by 20% of the cast operators. In Group 2, only 6% of the patients experienced moderate anxiety and the removal time was reduced by >25%. When the groups were compared with regard to severe complications such as skin laceration (resulting in bleeding), visible burn, and severe anxiety, the former 2 complications were eliminated in Group 2 but the difference between the groups was statistically significant in the last category only (p = 0.325, p = 0.247, p = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusions:

Eliminating saw blade-to-skin contact with a tong-like, externally guided flexible steel aid provides a high level of safety, decreases removal time by 5 to 10 minutes (depending on cast length), and makes cast removal a better experience for both patients and operators.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Distributed Optimization for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Upper-Triangular Structure
Authors: Meng Qingtan , Ma Qian , Zhou Guopeng
Published: November 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Research on electroacupuncture parameters for Cancer Pain based on data mining
Authors: Li Quan-yao , Yang Wen-xiao , Liu Hui , Jiao Li-Jing , Gong Ya-bin , Shi Jun
Published: November 2022

Background: Cancer pain, a common complication of this disease, has been widely treated by electroacupuncture in recent years. However, there are numerous treatment parameters that are not conducive to clinical translation applications. This study aims to summarize the stimulation parameters commonly used in electroacupuncture treating cancer pain by data mining and visualization techniques to provide a basis for the future acupuncture technology transformation and selection of optimal stimulation parameters．
Methods: Nine databases, including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, OVID, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, China Biology Medicine disc, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Database, were searched for clinical studies on electroacupuncture treatment cancer pain published between January 2012 and September 2022. A database was established using Microsoft Excel 2020 and analyzed with SPSS Modeler 18.1 software and SPSS statistics 26.0 software.
Results: Twenty-four articles were included according to the established criteria. The most used electroacupuncture stimulation parameters were a dilatational wave, the current frequency of 2/100 Hz, stimulation duration of 30 min per treatment, and frequency of treatment once a day.
Fifty-eight acupoints were mentioned, and the total frequency of acupoints involved was 156 times. The most used ones include Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP06), Hegu (LI04), Neiguan (PC06), Quchi (LI11), Taichong (LR03), Ashi point, Jiaji Point, and those most generally used acupoints that are closely arranged on the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming and the Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin. The association analysis of acupoints revealed that the most supported acupoint pair was Sanyinjiao (SP06) and Zusanli (ST36). Cluster analysis demonstrated three groups, one for obligatory acupoints, one for Ashi point, and the third for Jiaji point.
Conclusions
A dilatational wave, the current frequency of 2/100 Hz, 30-min stimulation, and acupoints of the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming and the Spleen Channel of Foot Taiyin selection are frequently used in electroacupuncture for treating cancer pain.
Due to the limitations of this study, further research and more standardized, multi-center, large-sample clinical trials can be carried out to guide optimizing acupuncture treatment schemes and promote the formation of TCM-characteristic technologies for cancer pain.
Highly enantio- stereoselective Ni-catalyzed reductive cyclization for cyclopentanes with chiral quaternary center of trisubstituted allylic siloxane
Authors: Liu Guodu , Chen Wanjun , Yan Xinlong , Fan Lin , Guo Xu , Yang Jian , Chen Yiming , Huang Haoran , Zhou Shaofang
Published: November 2022

Construction of chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters is a significant challenge of asymmetric synthesis. Catalytic synthesis of these structures with trisubstituted allylic alcohols is highly important. However, most of reported methodologies required precious transition-metal catalyst. Herein we reported the first highly asymmetric stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanes bearing chiral quaternary carbon stereocenters of trisubstituted allylic siloxanes by reductive cyclization of all carbon 1,6-alkynones with the earth-abundant Nickel catalysis Ni(cod)2 and P-chiral monophosphine ligand (S)-BIDIME. Various multi-substituted functionalized cyclopentanes were obtained in high yield (96%), excellent enantioselectivity (>99% ee) and perfect stereoselectivity (>99:1 E/Z). Thirty-two all carbon 1,6-alkynones were synthesized and successfully applied. Clarified mechanism study was investigated first time by detailed React-IR and DFT calculations to anticipate and confirm the ligand-control for the excellent enantioselectivity and stereoselectivity. Gram scale reaction and control experiments was carried out. New reaction design was proposed for further application of this methodology.
BARBARITY AND GENDER IN THE EARLIEST GREEK HISTORIANS
Authors: СУРИКОВ И.Е.
Published: November 2022

Древнейшие греческие историки (Акусилай Аргосский, Гекатей Милетский, Ферекид Афинский, Харон Лампсакский, Гелланик Лесбосский, Ксанф Лидийский и др.), принадлежали, наряду с Геродотом и в отличие от Фукидида, к ионийской традиции историописания. Именно в позднеархаической Ионии появился у греков сам концепт варварства (самые ранние случаи употребления слова «варвар» встречаем у нескольких ионийских авторов рубежа VI–V вв. до н.э.). Концепт этот имел, помимо прочего, свой гендерный аспект. Существовала отчетливая тенденция сближать варваров с женским полом, которая порождалась рядом факторов — от чисто внешних, привходящих, до более принципиальных (признавали приоритет эмоций над разумом как у женщин, так и у варваров, тем и другим приписывались разного рода девиации и т.п.). В статье рассмотрен релевантный источниковый материал, содержащийся в сохранившихся фрагментах ранних историков. Этот материал отличается чертой, которая в целом может быть определена формулировкой «феминизация варварского и варваризация фемининного».

The earliest Greek historians (Acusilaus of Argos, Hecataeus of Miletus, Pherecydes of Athens, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus of Lesbos, Xanthus of Lydia and others) belonged, side by side with Herodotus and in contrast to Thucydides, to the Ionian tradition of historical writing. It was exactly in Late Archaic Ionia that the very concept of barbarity made it appearance in the Greek tradition (the earliest cases of use of the word “barbarian” we can see in several Ionian authors of the late 6th and early 5th centuries B.C). The concept in question had, among other aspects, a gender-conditioned one. There was a distinct trend to bring together barbarians and women, which was generated by a number of factors, both purely external, attendant ones and ones based on principle (barbarians as well as women were considered creations with priority of emotions over reason, and deviations of various kinds were ascribed to both). The article deals with the relevant source material that extant fragments of early historians contain. That material is notable for a feature, which in general may be defined by the formula “feminizing the barbarian and barbarizing the feminine”.
A WOMAN AS A SUBJECT OF VIOLENCE IN THE ANCIENT WRITTEN MYTHOLOGICAL TRADITION
Authors: БОГАЧЕНКО Т.В.
Published: November 2022

В статье рассматриваются античные сюжеты, в которых женщина выступает источником и исполнителем физического насилия, проводится их предварительная классификация и сравнительно-типологический анализ, а также характеризуется отношение к ним самих античных авторов. Исследование позволило прийти к выводу о типологическом разнообразии подобных персонажей и высокой степени их интегрированности в античные представления об устройстве мира.

The article deals with ancient plots in which a woman acts as a source and executor of physical violence, conducts their preliminary classification and comparative-typological analysis, and also characterizes the attitude of the ancient authors themselves to them. The study made it possible to come to the conclusion about the typological diversity of such characters and a high degree of their integration into ancient ideas about the structure of the world.
A BARBARIC VIEW OF A GENDER ROLE MACEDONIAN FEMALE WARRIORS OF THE 4th CENTURY BC
Authors: КЛЕЙМЕНОВ А.А.
Published: November 2022

Цель исследования заключается в анализе феномена македонских воительниц Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики. Задачами являются определение характера и степени достоверности античных сообщений об особых качествах указанных женщин, определение возможных предпосылок формирования этих черт, сравнение особенностей поведения Кинаны и ее дочери Адеи-Эвридики с традиционной для Македонии женской гендерной ролью. Исследование опиралось на всесторонний анализ письменных источников, сравнительно-исторический метод, метод контент-анализа. Определено, что античный нарратив достаточно достоверно отражает особенности поведения Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики, плохо вписывающегося в характерные для греческого мира установки, не допускавшие активного участия женщин в боевых действиях. Присутствовавшие у Кинаны и Адеи-Эвридики воинские качества были сформированы под влиянием иллирийских традиций, носительницей которых была первая жена Филиппа II Аудата. Немалую роль в обеспечении возможности для реализации уникальных для женщин из дома Аргеадов навыков сыграли особенности македонского государства, где представительницы правящей династии являлись значимыми субъектами политической жизни и при определенных обстоятельствах могли решать военные задачи. Еще одним фактором стала политическая ситуация эпохи диадохов, когда исчезновение легитимного центра вла-сти активизировало борьбу за власть и сделало военную силу главным средством удовлетворения политических амбиций.

The main aim of this research is the analysis of the phenomenon of Macedonian female warriors Cynane and Adea-Eurydice. The research objectives are determination of the nature and degree of reliability ancient reports on the special qualities of these women, identification of possible prerequisites for the formation of these traits, comparison of the behavior of Cynane and her daughter Adea-Eurydice with the traditional female gender role for Macedonia. A multi-faceted approach to the ancient narrative sources, methods of comparative historical analysis and content analysis have been used. It defends that the ancient narrative fairly reliably reflects the peculiarities of the behavior of Cynane and Adea-Eurydice, which differs significantly from the attitudes characteristic of the Greek world that did not allow active participation of women in hostilities. The military qualities present in Cynane and Adea-Eurydice were formed under the influence of Illyrian traditions, the bearer of which was Audata, the wife of Philip II. A significant role in providing opportunities for the implementation of unique skills for women from the Argead house was played by the peculiarities of the Macedonian state, where representatives of the ruling dynasty were significant subjects of political life and, under certain circumstances, could solve military tasks. Another factor was the political situation of the age of diadochos, when the disappearance of the legitimate center of power intensified the struggle for power and made military force the main means of satisfying political ambitions.
КАЗУС ШАМАХАНСКОЙ ЦАРИЦЫ: «ЖЕНСКИЙ» ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ МУЖСКОГО НАСИЛИЯ?
Authors: СЕЛИВАНОВА Л.Л.
Published: November 2022

На современном этапе происходит переосмысление понятия «варварства» и его роли в мировой истории. Как наиболее коварная форма деструкции оно особенно ярко проявляется в гендерном ракурсе. Половые роли в традиционных обществах определены с самого рождения человека: мужское — активное, прямое, открытое, агрессивное начало, публичная сфера, женское — пассивное, опосредованное, скрытое, подчиненное, частная сфера: семья, брак, домашнее хозяйство. Однако они не являются застывшими, приобретая вcë бoлee пpoизвoльный xapaктep по мере развития общества. Статья посвящена теме гендерных парадоксов варварства в мировой истории, отраженных в литературе. О том, как мужчины прибегают к «женскому» инструментарию насилия для получения власти и богатства, идёт речь в этой статье на примере «Сказки o зoлoтoм пeтyшкe» А.С. Пушкина и связанных с ней аллюзий, знаков и символов. Особое внимание в этом контексте автор уделяет месту и роли религиозного скопчества. Автор заключает, что по мере усложнения цивилизационного развития гендерное варварство тоже усложняется и может приобретать такие изощренные формы, когда происходит латентный обмен половыми ролями в рамках традиционных ценностей.

Our age happens to reconceptualize “barbarism” and its role in the history of the world. It reveals itself as most insidiously destructive from a gender perspective. Traditional societies define gender roles from the moment of one’s birth: the male role is seen as being active, straightforward, open, and aggressive, with a focus on the public sphere, whereas the female role is presented as passive, indirect, concealed, subordinate, and consigned to the private sphere, including the family, married life, and the household. These roles, however, are not set in stone, and they acquire a more and more arbitrary character with the development of society. This article examines barbarism’s gender paradoxes as reflected in literary works, focusing on the male use of the “female” toolkit of violence for procuring power and wealth based on allusions, signs, and symbols in the text of “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel” by A.S. Pushkin. In this context, the author pays particular attention to the place and role of the sect of the Skoptsy. The author concludes that the mounting complexity of human development triggers the rising complexity of gender barbarism, whose more and more sophisticated forms include a latent exchange of gender roles within the traditional system of values. Keywords: gender barbarism, the sect of the Khlysty, the sect of the Skoptsy, a “female” toolkit, the Shamakhi Queen, A.S. Pushkin, “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel”, the ancient East, Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Russia in the 18th –20th centuries.
ARCHAEOLOGY AND GENDER RECONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY NOMADS (AN EXAMPLE OF THE SARMATIANS)
Authors: ВДОВЧЕНКОВ Е.В.
Published: November 2022

В статье выявляются возможности исследования гендерной структуры и отношений у сарматов на основании археологических данных. Особое внимание уделено погребениям женщин с предметами вооружения и в целом значению оружия для сарматского социума. В результате исследования делается вывод, что системный анализ мужской и женской субкультур разного возраста позволяет реконструировать гендерные роли и статусы в изучаемой группе.

The article reveals the possibilities of studying the gender structure and relations among the Sarmatians on the basis of archaeological data. Particular attention is paid to the burials of women with weapons and, in general, the importance of weapons for Sarmatian society. As a result of the study, it is concluded that the systematic analysis of male and female subcultures of different ages allows us to reconstruct gender roles and statuses in the study group.
THE NECROPOLIS “BELINSKOE HILLFORT” IN THE EASTERN CRIMEA IN THE CONTEXT OF GENDER ATTRIBUTION OF THE FUNERAL GOODS
Authors: ЗУБАРЕВ В.Г. , ЯРЦЕВ С.В. , ВНУКОВ А.А. , МАЛИНИН М.А.
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена анализу античных склепов и могил некрополя Белинского городища. Памятник расположен в Восточном Крыму и датируется II–V вв. н.э. На начальном этапе Белинское городище являлось одной из самых мощных пограничных крепостей Боспорского царства. Специфика жизни воинского гарнизона крепости, безусловно, нашла свое отражение и в особенностях погребального обряда местного населения. Особый интерес у авторов вызвали погребения с ярко выраженными нарушениями гендерной атрибуции. На основе анализа материала собственных археологических раскопок, авторы приходят к выводу, что наличие женского погребального инвентаря в мужских захоронениях или наоборот — мужского в женском, отражают не только прижизненный статус усопшего, но и некоторые религиозные воззрения жителей крепости. По мнению авторов, подобные предметы могли представлять собой жертвоприношение богам или предкам. Наличие же в некоторых погребальных комплексах вещей, принадлежавших разным этническим группам, исследователи связывают с существующей во II–III вв. н.э. на Белинском городище практикой межэтнических браков.

The article deals with the analysis of ancient crypts and graves in the necropolis of “Belinskoe hillfort”. The archaeological site is located in the Eastern Crimea and dates from the 2–5th centuries AD. At its initial stage, the Belinskoe hillfort settlement was one of the most powerful frontier fortresses of the Bosporan kingdom. The specific lifestyle of the military garrison of the fortress was undoubtedly reflected in the funeral rites of the local population. The authors were particularly interested in burials with pronounced gender attribution disorders. On the basis of an analysis of the material from their own archaeological excavations, the authors conclude that the presence of female funerary implements in male burials or vice versa — of the male in the female, reflects not only the lifetime status of the deceased, but also certain religious beliefs of the fortress residents. According to the authors, such objects may have represented an offering to the gods or ancestors. Researchers link the presence of items belonging to different ethnic groups in some burial complexes to the practice of inter-ethnic marriages in the Belinsky hillfort in the 2nd –3rd centuries A.D.
THE INEXTRICABLE LINK BETWEEN CIVILIZATION AND BARBARISM: TYPES OF MARTIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN FRANCE IN THE 14th – 15 th CENTURIES
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА М.В.
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена проблеме сосуществования различных форм брачно-семейных отношений в средневековой Франции в XIV–XV веках. Цивилизаторская деятельность Церкви, направленная на внедрение христианских нравственных норм, смягчение нравов, тем не менее не смогла искоренить бытование таких форм взаимоотношений в супружеской паре, которые даже по меркам Средневековья могли бы считаться чересчур жестокими и грубыми, то есть варварскими. Однако существование таких форм в какой-то мере отвечало превалирующему в этот исторический период отношению к женщинам как более слабым, менее умным и вздорным созданиям, требующим постоянного контроля, чему способствовала и сама Церковь. Средневековый человек, для которого важным было сохранение реноме своей семьи и брака, обращал большое внимание на соответствие поведения каждого отдельного члена общества общепринятым нормам и правилам. Отклонение от них, что могло вызвать исключение индивида из сообществ, грозило разрушением социального порядка, поэтому могло жёстко наказываться, даже переходя рамки разумного.

The article is devoted to the problem of the coexistence of the different forms of marriage and family relationships in medieval France in the XIV-XV centuries. The civilizing activities of the Church and the legal regulation of the life of subjects by royalty, aimed at introducing Christian moral norms, softening morals and observing laws, nevertheless, could not eradicate the existence of such forms of relations in a married couple, which, even by the standards of the Middle Ages, could be recognized too cruel and rude, that is, barbaric Nevertheless, the existence of such forms to some extent corresponded to the prevailing attitude in this historical period towards women as weaker, less intelligent and absurd creatures requiring constant control, which was also facilitated by the Church itself. A medieval individual, for whom it was important to preserve the reputation of his family and marriage, paid great attention to the compliance of the behavior of each individual member of society with generally accepted norms and rules. Deviation from them, causing the exclusion of the individual from the community, threatening to destroy the social order, that is why it could be severely punished, even going beyond the reasonable limits.
INCONSISTENT IMAGE OF A WOMAN-WARRIOR IN WESTERN EUROPEAN LITERARY SOURCES OF 14th –16th CENTURIES: THE MASULINITY OF POWER AND FEMININE BARBARIANS
Authors: Бычков П. П.
Published: November 2022

На протяжении Средневековья складывалась собственная модель интерпретации античного мифа об амазонках, согласно которой они представлялись варварским народом, обитавшим вместе с монстрами на окраинах ойкумены. Но в преддверии эпохи Возрождения создаются литературные источники, по-иному раскрывавшие образ амазонок, в частности, Кристина де Пизан выбирает их в качестве защитниц чести женского пола. В то же время и на заре Нового времени сочинения европейских авторов утверждали, что Индия и прочие отдалённые страны населены амазонками и соседствующими с ними монстрами и каннибалами. Даже после того, как европейцы установили, что Христофор Колумб обнаружил не западный проход в Индию, а новый континент, сопоставление Америки и амазонок будет сохраняться в образе аллегорической женской фигуры, покорённой мужчиной-конкистадором. Для инверсии ролей завоевателя и подданной женщинам XV–XVI вв. необходимо было сконструировать маскулинный образ при помощи мужского костюма и инсигний.

During the Middle Ages was formed an original interpretive model of Amazon Myth which represented them as barbarians living among monsters on the outskirts of the Ecumene. But as the Renaissance was approaching, other interpretation of this archetype emerged: particularly, Christine de Pizan included Amazon queens in her “Book of the City of Ladies” as the defenders of womanhood. Imagination and medieval literary tradition inhabited India and other distant lands by Amazons and their cannibal and monstrous neighbor, and even upon the revelation that Columbus discovered not a passage to India but a whole new continent Amazons would still represent America as an allegorical figure conquered by a masculine warrior. It was necessary for a woman to construct a masculine representation in XV–XVIth cc. if she needed to replace a man as a ruler or a warrior, particularly with insignia and a man’s costume.
“CIVILIZATION” AND “BARBARITY” IN BRITAIN’S LITERARY PRACTICE FROM THE END OF 18th TO THE BEGINNING OF 19th CENTURY
Authors: АЙЗЕНШТАТ М.П.
Published: November 2022

В статье автор анализирует литературную практику на основе материалов популярного либерального издания «Эдинбургского обозрения, или критического журнала». Это было издание, специально посвященное критическим обзорам книг, вышедших в Британии, Париже, Берлине и других городах мира. Их тематика охватывала широкий круг тем по политике, экономике, общественным пробле-мам и истории. Рецензии освещали либеральный взгляд на историю в контексте идей Просвещения. Авторы обзоров восприняли теоретическое осмысление исторического процесса шотландскими просветителями. Они предполага-ли, что все люди в своем развитии проходят одни и те же стадии: дикость, варварство и цивилизацию. В контексте идей о стадиях развития рецензенты рассматривали труды, где говорилось о путешествиях, встречах с иной культурой чиновников, миссионеров и военных. При несовершенстве предложенной схемы вслед за авторами книг рецензенты оценивали уровень развития народов и племен, населявших Африку, Америку и Азию. Как правило, они относили их к стадии дикости и варварства. Полагая, что британцы до-стигли высшего уровня — цивилизации, авторы ряда книг и рецензенты выдвигали планы по цивилизации этих народов.

The author analyses the literary practice liberal edition “The Edinburgh review, or critical journal”. It was original special edition with review of books from Britain, Paris, Berlin and other towns of the world. Their problems spread all themes over economy, politics, civil problems, etc. and history from liberal opinions on them from enlightenment position. The authors of journal shared Scotland enlightenment’s theo-retical opinion about historical development. They thought all people gone same stages: savage, barbarity and civilization. From that opinion the authors analyzes books wrote about travels meeting with another culture. As the author of books reviewers thought the tribes and people of America, Asia and Africa were at the stages of savage and barbarity. And Britons as civilized nation should bring civilization to them.
HERALDIC ASPECTS OF MALE AND FEMALE BARBARISM ON THE TERRITORY OF NEW GRANADA IN THE LATE 18th– EARLY 19th CENTURIES
Authors: ЕЛОХИН К.А.
Published: November 2022

Статья посвящена варварству в отношении гербов — их диффамации со стороны как мужчин, так и женщин, как частными лицам, так и главами корпораций. В качестве примера была приведена территория испанского вице-королевства Новая Гранада в конце XVIII – начале XIX вв. На основании проведённого исследования делаются некоторые выводы. Во-первых, общим у мужчин и женщин, совершавших варварские поступки — диффамацию гербов и других знаков власти, было чувство вины за бунт против короля как отца нации. Психологический комплекс, который они не могли изжить годами. Во-вторых, женщины вдохновляли, призывали к диффамации, и действовали собственным примером, в отличие от мужчин, которые приказывали и преимущественно действовали чужими руками, и лишь, в крайнем случае, собственными. Это характерно не только по отношению к государственным знакам власти, но и к корпоративным (гербам городов). В-третьих, социальное положение варваров, совершавших диффамацию гербов, было различным, и не имело никакого значения. В-четвёртых, при диффамации гербов, знамён, и других знаков власти, мужчины предлагали альтернативу — изобретённые ими, или в их окружении, гербы и знамёна, женщины же такой альтернативы не предлагали. Это говорит о том, что женское злонамеренное варварство было более агрессивным, чем мужское.

The article is devoted to barbarism in relation to coats of arms — their defamation by both men and women, both by private individuals and heads of corporations. As an example, was given the territory of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Granada in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Based on the study, there are some conclusions. First, the common thing among men and women who committed barbaric acts — defamation of coats of arms and other signs of power, was a sense of guilt for rebelling against the king as the father of the nation. A psychological complex that they could not get rid of for years. Secondly, women inspired, called for defamation, and acted by their own example, in contrast to men, who ordered and mostly acted with someone else's hands, and only as a last resort, with their own. This is typical not only in relation to state signs of power, but also to corporate ones (coats of arms of cities). Thirdly, the social status of the barbarians who defamated the coats of arms was different and did not matter. Fourthly, when defamating coats of arms, banners, and other signs of power, men offered an alternative — coats of arms and banners invented by them, or in their environment, women did not offer such an alternative. This suggests that female malevolent barbarism was more aggressive than male.
GENDER IN THE HISTORY OF BARBARITY
Authors: БУДАНОВА В.П.
Published: November 2022

В статье представлен исторический и теоретический анализ одного из новых направлений исследования бытования варваров — гендерной истории варварства. Гендер рассматривается как системная категория сложившейся в варваристике базовой терминологии. Впервые предпринята попытка проанализировать познавательный потенциал варваристики, включив в ее понятийную структуру гендерный подход. Рассматриваются наиболее значимые термины, понятия и концепты, их роль в структуре когниции варвара. Обозначены и раскрыты в исторической ретроспективе ключевые характеристики понятия «гендерное варварство» как устойчивого социокультурного явления. Специально анализируются субъекты и «мишени» гендерной истории, зарождающиеся концепты «латентного» варварства. Рассмотрены условия всеобщей экспансии архаической семантики терминов «варвар» и «варварство», особенности их трансляции и трансмутации во времени и пространстве.

The article presents a historical and theoretical analysis of one of the new directions of the study of the existence of barbarians — the gender history of barbarism. Gender is considered as a systemic category of the basic terminology that has developed in barbarism. For the first time, an attempt has been made to analyze the cognitive potential of barbarism by including a gender approach in its conceptual structure. The most significant terms, concepts and concepts, their role in the structure of the barbarian cognition are considered. The key characteristics of the concept of “gender barbarism” as a sustainable socio-cultural phenomenon are identified and disclosed in historical retrospect. The subjects and “targets” of gender history, emerging concepts of “latent” barbarism are specially analyzed. The conditions of the general expansion of the archaic semantics of the terms “barbarian” and “barbarism”, the features of their translation and transmutation in time and space are considered.
We Drink Good 4.5-Billion-Year-Old Water
Authors: Ceccarelli Cecilia , Du Fujun
Published: November 2022

Water is crucial for the emergence and evolution of life on Earth. Recent studies of the water content in early forming planetary systems similar to our own show that water is an abundant and ubiquitous molecule, initially synthesized on the surfaces of tiny interstellar dust grains by the hydrogenation of frozen oxygen. Water then enters a cycle of sublimation/freezing throughout the successive phases of planetary system formation, namely, hot corinos and protoplanetary disks, eventually to be incorporated into planets, asteroids, and comets. The amount of heavy water measured on Earth and in early forming planetary systems suggests that a substantial fraction of terrestrial water was inherited from the very first phases of the Solar System formation and is 4.5 billion years old.
Ocean Worlds In Our Solar System
Authors: Castillo-Rogez Julie C. , Kalousová Klára
Published: November 2022

Spacecraft-based missions have discovered an increasing number of ocean worlds in our Solar System, with even more candidates awaiting confirmation. The science of ocean worlds shares some commonalities with that of Earth’s oceans, making them exciting targets of future exploration. A major known difference, however, is that ice shells up to tens of kilometers thick may present barriers to the introduction of chemical gradients necessary for life’s development over the long term. Hence, ocean worlds differ substantially in terms of their energy budget and chemistry, with Europa and Enceladus being currently considered the most promising candidates for life-search missions.
Water in Differentiated Planets, the Moon, and Asteroids
Authors: Peslier Anne H. , De Sanctis Maria Cristina
Published: November 2022

The distribution of water in differentiated Solar System bodies depends on many factors including size, distance from the Sun, and how they incorporated water. Most of this water is likely locked as hydrogen in mantle minerals and could amount to several Earth oceans worth in mass for the largest planets. An essential compound for the development of life, water also has a tremendous influence on planetary evolution and volcanism. Only Earth has an active exchange of water between surface and mantle. Surface water on other differentiated bodies mostly results from degassing by volcanoes whose mantle sources are inherited from magma ocean processes early in their history. Airless bodies also acquire surface water by impacts, spallation, and from the solar wind.
Recent Advances in our Understanding of Water and Aqueous Activity in Chondrites
Authors: Vacher Lionel G. , Fujiya Wataru
Published: November 2022

Water played a critical role in the evolution of rocky material and planetesimals in the early Solar System. Many primitive asteroids (the sources of chondrites) accreted a significant amount of water ice and were affected by aqueous alteration and/or fluid-assisted metamorphism. These secondary parent body processes have strongly modified the primary mineralogy of chondrites in favor of a wide diversity of secondary phases that formed by interaction with water. The mineralogical and isotopic characterization of these secondary phases in chondrites and returned samples from hydrous asteroids Ryugu and Bennu can help us reconstruct the dynamical evolution of water in the early Solar System and understand the timing and mechanisms of aqueous alteration on hydrous asteroids.
Origin of Water in the Terrestrial Planets: Insights from Meteorite Data and Planet Formation Models
Authors: Izidoro Andre , Piani Laurette
Published: November 2022

Water condensed as ice beyond the water snowline, the location in the Sun’s natal gaseous disk where temperatures were below 170 K. As the disk evolved and cooled, the snowline moved inwards. A low temperature in the terrestrial planet-forming region is unlikely to be the origin of water on the planets, and the distinct isotopic compositions of planetary objects formed in the inner and outer disks suggest limited early mixing of inner and outer Solar System materials. Water in our terrestrial planets has rather been derived from H-bearing materials indigenous to the inner disk and delivered by water-rich planetesimals formed beyond the snowline and scattered inwards during the growth, migration, and dynamical evolution of the giant planets.