bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steady-state solutions of split beams in electron storage rings
Authors: Jebramcik Marc Andre , Khan Shaukat , Helml Wolfram
Published: November 2022

Recently, a novel operation method for synchrotron light sources with transversely split beams has been explored to fulfill the rising demand for flexible and high-throughput X-ray sources required in such diverse fields as time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy, molecular chemistry in organic cells, high-resolution medical imaging, quantum materials science or sustainable energy research. Within that novel operation mode, additional stable regions are produced in the horizontal phase space by operating an electron storage ring on a resonance that is driven by the nonlinear sextupole or octupole magnets. In the longitudinal phase space, a similar split can be produced by introducing an oscillation of the synchrotron phase via a modulation of the phase of the radiofrequency resonator. Strong radiation damping in electron storage rings, however, has to be overcome before additional regions in phase space can become populated by particles and form stable islands. This damping mechanism changes the dynamics of the system and causes diffusion between the different islands in phase space, raising the question what kind of equilibrium state exists in the asymptotic temporal limit. In this paper, a finite-differences approximation in rotating action-angle coordinates is used to solve the Vlasov–Fokker–Planck equation and to study the obtained equilibrium states for the longitudinal as well as the transverse case. The number of solution vectors and the magnitude of the corresponding singular values of the matrix of the underlying finite-differences equation are used as abstract indicators to define the required parameter set that provides stable additional beamlets. As a consequence, the beamlets have a stability that is close to that of the main beam in terms of diffusion caused by the radiation damping and quantum excitation.
In silico, in vitro and in vivo characterization of host-associated Latilactobacillus curvatus strains for potential probiotic applications in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Cathers Hannah S. , Mane Shrinivasrao P. , Tawari Nilesh R. , Balakuntla Jayanth , Plata Germán , Krishnamurthy Madan , MacDonald Alicia , Wolter Marilyn , Baxter Niel , Briones Julian , Nagireddy Akshitha , Millman Gregory , Martin Roberto E. , Kumar Arvind , Gangaiah Dharanesh
Published: November 2022

Salmon aquaculture is the fastest growing animal protein production system in the world; however, intensive farming leads to poor weight gain, stress, and disease outbreaks. Probiotics offer the potential to enhance growth performance and feed efficiency in Atlantic salmon, as well as immunostimulate fish against common pathogens, benefitting farmers and consumers with more efficient production. Here, we isolated and identified 900 native microbial isolates including 18 Lactobacilli from the farmed salmon intestines. Based on whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, the Lactobacillus candidates belonged to Latilactobacillus curvatus (L. curvatus) species and formed two distinct phylogenetic groups. Using bioinformatics and in vitro analyses, we selected two candidates L. curvatus ATCC PTA-127116 and L. curvatus ATCC PTA-127117, which showed desirable safety and probiotic properties. The two L. curvatus candidates were evaluated for safety and efficacy (higher final weight) in Atlantic salmon alongside spore-forming Bacilli isolated from salmon, poultry, and swine. All the tested candidates were safe to salmon with no adverse effects. While we did not see efficacy in any Bacillus supplemented groups, compared to untreated group, the group administered with the two L. curvatus strains consortium in feed for seven weeks in freshwater showed indicators of improvement in final body weight by 4.2%. Similarly, the two L. curvatus candidates were also evaluated for safety and efficacy in Atlantic salmon in saltwater; the group administered with the two L. curvatus strains consortium in feed for 11 weeks showed indicators of improvement in final body weight by 4.7%. Comprehensive metabolomics analyses in the presence of different prebiotics and/or additives identified galactooligosaccharide as a potential prebiotic to enhance the efficacy of two L. curvatus candidates. All together, these data provide comprehensive genomic, phenotypic and metabolomic evidence of safety and desirable probiotic properties as well as indicators of in vivo efficacy of two novel endogenous L. curvatus candidates for potential probiotic applications in Atlantic salmon. The in vivo findings need to be confirmed in larger performance studies, including field trials.
Relationship between nitrapyrin and varying nitrogen application rates with nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen use efficiency in a maize field
Authors: Borzouei Azam , Karimzadeh Hedayat , Müller Christoph , Sanz-Cobena Alberto , Zaman Mohammad , Kim Dong-Gill , Ding Weixin
Published: November 2022

Reducing nitrogen losses can be accomplished by mixing fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors (NI). In some agricultural systems, increasing soil N supply capacity by the use of NI could lead to improved N use efficiency (NUE) and increased crop yields. This study examined the effect of different N rates and NI in maize in the north of Iran. The maize was fertilized with urea at three levels (69, 115 and 161 kg N.ha−1) alone or with nitrapyrin as NI. Increasing the N application rate resulted in a considerable rise in growing-season N2O emissions. When nitrapyrin was used, N2O emissions were dramatically reduced. NI treatment reduced N2O emissions in the growth season by 88%, 88%, and 69% in 69, 115, and 161 kg of N.ha−1, respectively. NI treatment reduced yield-scaled N2O emissions; the lowest quantity of yield-scaled N2O was found in 69 N + NI (0.09 g N2O–N kg−1 N uptake). Additionally, grain yield increased by 19%, 31% and 18.4% after applying NI to 69 N, 115 N, and N69, N115 and N161. Results showed that 115 N + NI and N69 treatments showed the highest (65%) and lowest (29%) NUEs, respectively. Finally, our findings show that NI can reduce N2O emissions while increasing NUE and yield, but that the application method and rate of nitrapyrin application need to be improved in order to maximize its mitigation potential.
Evidence of air pollution-related ocular signs and altered inflammatory cytokine profile of the ocular surface in Beijing
Authors: Jing Dalan , Jiang Xiaodan , Zhou Peng , Ren Xiaotong , Su Jie , Hao Ran , Zhang Mingzhong , Wan Yu , Li Xuemin
Published: November 2022

We evaluated how different degrees of air pollution affect the ocular surface of a cohort of human subjects in Beijing by correlating in-patient test outcomes with tear cytokines. A cross-sectional study involving 221 volunteers was carried out in different districts of Beijing. Air pollution indices were recorded for 7 d (including the visit day). The indices recorded were the air quality index (AQI), which is a dimensionless measure that quantitatively describes the state of air quality, concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The Ocular Symptom Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire provided. Subsequently, subjects underwent slit-lamp examination, which included meibomian gland examination, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctivochalasis grade, tear meniscus height (TMH), tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), Schirmer I test, and conjunctival impression cytology. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in tears were measured by microsphere-based immunoassay analysis. According to the value of the AQI, participants are divided into a slightly polluted (SP) group (n = 103) which the AQI value is less than or equal to 100 and a heavily polluted (HP) group (n = 118) whose AQI value is more than 100. Air pollution is related to ocular discomfort based on tear cytokine concentrations. PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were positively correlated with OSDI, MG expressibility, meibum score, meiboscore, conjunctival congestion score, Schirmer I test value, TMH, goblet-cell density, concentrations of IL-6, and VEGF were negatively correlated with TBUT. PM2.5 and PM10 appear to be the major risk factors to the ocular surface, with NO2 being another important risk factor based on this study. The symptoms and signs of eye discomfort in the SP group were significantly less severe than those in the HP group, and tear cytokine concentrations (IL-6 and VEGF) were lower. Air pollution degrees were significantly correlated with tear cytokine concentrations, indicating an alteration of cytokine balance at the ocular surface under different degrees of air pollution.
An ionic silver coating prevents implant-associated infection by anaerobic bacteria in vitro and in vivo in mice
Authors: Soma Tomoya , Iwasaki Ryotaro , Sato Yuiko , Kobayashi Tami , Ito Eri , Matsumoto Tatsuaki , Kimura Atsushi , Homma Fuka , Saiki Keitarou , Takahashi Yukihiro , Miyamoto Kana , Matsumoto Morio , Nakamura Masaya , Morita Mayu , Ishii Ken , Asoda Seiji , Kawana Hiromasa , Xingyu Zhu , Aizawa Mamoru , Nakagawa Taneaki , Miyamoto Takeshi
Published: November 2022

Currently, implants are utilized clinically for bone transplant procedures. However, if infectious osteomyelitis occurs at implant sites, removal of bacteria can be challenging. Moreover, altered blood flow at peri-implant infectious sites can create an anaerobic environment, making it more difficult to treat infection with antibiotics. Thus, it would be beneficial if implants could be modified to exhibit antibacterial activity, even in anaerobic conditions. Here, we show antibacterial activity of silver ions coated on titanium rods, even against the anaerobic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we implanted silver-coated or control uncoated titanium rods along with P. gingivalis in mouse femoral bone BM cavities and observed significantly inhibited P. gingivalis infection with silver-coated compared with non-coated rods, based on in vivo bio-imaging. Osteonecrosis by infectious osteomyelitis and elevation of the inflammatory factors C-reactive protein and IL-6 promoted by P. gingivalis s were also significantly reduced in the presence of silver-coated rods. Overall, our study indicates that silver ion coating of an implant represents a therapeutic option to prevent associated infection, even in anaerobic conditions or against anaerobic bacteria.
Domain wall enabled steep slope switching in MoS2 transistors towards hysteresis-free operation
Authors: Song Jingfeng , Qi Yubo , Xiao Zhiyong , Wang Kun , Li Dawei , Kim Seung-Hyun , Kingon Angus I. , Rappe Andrew M. , Hong Xia
Published: November 2022

The device concept of ferroelectric-based negative capacitance (NC) transistors offers a promising route for achieving energy-efficient logic applications that can outperform the conventional semiconductor technology, while viable operation mechanisms remain a central topic of debate. In this work, we report steep slope switching in MoS2 transistors back-gated by single-layer polycrystalline PbZr0.35Ti0.65O3. The devices exhibit current switching ratios up to 8 × 106 within an ultra-low gate voltage window of $$V_{{{\mathrm{g}}}} = \pm \! 0.5$$

V

g

=
±

0.5

V and subthreshold swing (SS) as low as 9.7 mV decade−1 at room temperature, transcending the 60 mV decade−1 Boltzmann limit without involving additional dielectric layers. Theoretical modeling reveals the dominant role of the metastable polar states within domain walls in enabling the NC mode, which is corroborated by the relation between SS and domain wall density. Our findings shed light on a hysteresis-free mechanism for NC operation, providing a simple yet effective material strategy for developing low-power 2D nanoelectronics.
Seawater-magma interactions sustained the high column during the 2021 phreatomagmatic eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba
Authors: Maeno Fukashi , Kaneko Takayuki , Ichihara Mie , Suzuki Yujiro J. , Yasuda Atsushi , Nishida Kiwamu , Ohminato Takao
Published: November 2022

Phreatomagmatic eruptions are among the most hazardous types of volcanic eruptions on Earth. Here, we show how rapidly ascended magma interacted with seawater in a shallow sea environment based on a high-resolution timeseries record of a sizeable phreatomagmatic eruption that occurred at the Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba volcano, Ogasawara, on 13 August 2021. The eruption started on the seafloor at a depth of <70 m and breached the sea surface to produce a 16 km-high, water-rich sustained eruption column. The magma volume, ~0.1 km3, including the tuff cone and the pumice raft, is consistent with SO2 emissions estimated from satellite observations and geochemistry. Most eruption and deposit observations can be explained by the effective near-vent accumulation of pyroclasts emitted during jet-seawater interactions fed by magma discharging at a rate of 3–6 × 105 kg/s. Our results contribute to understanding the dynamics and hazards of shallow submarine volcanism.
Genomic insights into phage-host interaction in the deep-sea chemolithoautotrophic Campylobacterota, Nitratiruptor
Authors: Yoshida-Takashima Yukari , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Zhang Yi , Nunoura Takuro , Takai Ken
Published: November 2022

The genus Nitratiruptor represents one of the most numerically abundant chemolithoautotrophic Campylobacterota populations in the mixing zones of habitats between hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater in deep-sea hydrothermal environments. We isolated and characterized four novel temperate phages (NrS-2, NrS-3, NrS-4, and NrS-5) having a siphoviral morphology, infecting Nitratiruptor strains from the Hatoma Knoll hydrothermal field in the southern-Okinawa Trough, Japan, and conducted comparative genomic analyses among Nitratiruptor strains and their phages. The Nitratiruptor temperate phages shared many potential core genes (e.g., integrase, Cro, two structural proteins, lysozyme, and MazG) with each other despite their diverse morphological and genetic features. Some homologs of coding sequences (CDSs) of the temperate phages were dispersed throughout the non-prophage regions of the Nitratiruptor genomes. In addition, several regions of the phage genome sequences matched to spacer sequences within clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in Nitratiruptor genomes. Moreover, a restriction-modification system found in a temperate phage affected an epigenetic feature of its host. These results strongly suggested a coevolution of temperate phages and their host genomes via the acquisition of temperate phages, the CRISPR systems, the nucleotide substitution, and the epigenetic regulation during multiple phage infections in the deep-sea environments.
Asylum seeking and refugee adolescents’ mental health service use and help-seeking patterns: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Namer Yudit , Freţian Alexandra , Podar Diana , Razum Oliver
Published: November 2022

Almost a third of all people who entered Germany to seek protection since 2010 were under the age of 18. Asylum-seeking and refugee (ASR) adolescents in Germany face reduced entitlements to healthcare and experience barriers in accessing mental healthcare, despite documented mental health needs. This mixed-methods study aims to describe the mental health needs and service use of ASR adolescents in Germany and identify the predictors of their help-seeking patterns. Here we report findings of cross-sectional data collected between February 2019 and November 2020 in schools and refugee accommodations in three German federal states. Our subsample consists of ASR between the ages of 11 and 18, coming from Syria, Afghanistan, and Iraq (N = 216). Cross-sectional data are supplemented by semi-structured interviews with nine mental health professionals in one region of the study. Our findings reveal an underutilization of mental health services relative to the emotional difficulties reported. Perceived and experienced access barriers, age, and externalizing and internalizing symptoms predict different help-seeking patterns. Psychotherapy-related social resources, as well as reporting of emotional difficulties, are predictors of actual or intended psychotherapeutic service utilization. Based on our quantitative and qualitative findings, we highlight the need for widespread, accessible, and low-threshold mental health initiatives designed to work with ASR adolescents, for additional assistance in navigating the mental healthcare system, as well as for support to important people in ASR adolescents’ lives who fill the gap between mental health needs and accessible mental healthcare services.
Sensitive SERS detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma-related miRNAs in saliva via a gold nanohexagon array coupled with hybridization chain reaction amplification
Authors: Wang Youwei , Zhang Yatong , Du Qiu , Cao Demao , Lu Xiaoxia , Meng Zhibing
Published: November 2022

Schematic diagram of HCR amplification strategy for the detection of miRNAs. (A) The preparation process of AuNHs array. (B) Synthesis of SERS probes (C) HCR process and SERS detection of miR-31 and miR-21.
A regression-based machine learning approach for pH and glucose detection with redox-sensitive colorimetric paper sensors
Authors: Lee Taeha , Lee Hyung-Tak , Hong Jiho , Roh Seokbeom , Cheong Da Yeon , Lee Kyungwon , Choi Yeojin , Hong Yoochan , Hwang Han-Jeong , Lee Gyudo
Published: November 2022

Machine learning-based analysis of colorimetric paper sensors for pH and glucose detection.
An esterase-activatable curcumin prodrug for tumor-targeting therapy
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Lele , Tao Menglin , Wang Minghui , Dong Ling , Hai Zijuan
Published: November 2022

Armed with a tumor-targeting RGD peptide and anin situesterase-triggered drugrelease, prodrug Cur-RGD can efficiently improve the therapeutic effect ofcurcumin in tumors.
Elemental chalcogen reactions of a tetravalent uranium imidophosphorane complex: cleavage of dioxygen
Authors: Aguirre Quintana Luis M. , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Jiang Ningxin , Niklas Julie E. , Bacsa John , Maron Laurent , La Pierre Henry S.
Published: November 2022

The activation and atom-transfer reactions between a homoleptic U(iv) imidophosphorane complex and O2, S8, and Se0 are reported.
Improving IDP theoretical chemical shift accuracy and efficiency through a combined MD/ADMA/DFT and machine learning approach
Authors: Bakker Michael J. , Mládek Arnošt , Semrád Hugo , Zapletal Vojtěch , Pavlíková Přecechtělová Jana
Published: November 2022

This work extends the multi-scale computational scheme for the quantum mechanics (QM) calculations of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) chemical shifts (CSs) in proteins that lack a well-defined 3D structure.
Self-assembly of a CTAB surfactant on gold nanoparticles: a united-atom molecular dynamics study
Authors: Kalipillai Pandurangan , Raghuram E. , Bandyopadhyay Sulalit , Mani Ethayaraja
Published: November 2022

Self-assembly of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactants on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) obtained from united-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Properties of spinel-type Ti–Li–M composite oxides (M = Li, Na, Cu, and Ag) predicted by density functional theory
Authors: Tada Kohei , Kitta Mitsunori , Tanaka Shingo
Published: November 2022

The performance of spinel-type titanates can be categorised by (1) the magnitude of O-displacement and (2) the orbital correlation between the Ti–O framework and the 8a site cations.
Solvent-polarity-dependent conformation and ESIPT behaviors for 2-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3-hydroxychromone: a novel dynamical mechanism
Authors: Zhao Jinfeng , Jin Bing , Tang Zhe
Published: November 2022

This work not only rules out the possibility of mutual transformation among BI3HC-A, BI3HC-B, and BI3HC-C forms in the S1 state but also proposes a solvent-polarity-regulated ESIPT behavior for BI3HC-A and BI3HC-C fluorophores.
Low-doped LaVO4:Eu3+ phosphor for multimode optical thermal sensing
Authors: Kolesnikov Ilya E. , Mamonova Daria V. , Kurochkin Mikhail A. , Medvedev Vassily A. , Kolesnikov Evgenii Yu.
Published: November 2022

Low-doped LaVO4:Eu3+ powder provides accurate thermal sensing using different ratiometric strategies, charge transfer band position and bandwidth.
Fabrication of novel direct Z-scheme + isotype heterojunction photocatalyst g-C3N4/TiO2 with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation synergy and 2D/0D structure
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Wu Mingkun , Chen Zhengjun , Dong Lihui , Li Bin , Tao Lin , Wang Haonan , Li Danyang
Published: November 2022

A novel strategy for fabricating C3N4/TiO2 Z-scheme heterojunctions based on C3N4 isotype heterojunctions is presented. This scheme exploits the structural plasticity of C3N4 to achieve a breakthrough in activity without adding new materials.
A triphenylphosphine coordinated Cu(i) Fenton-like agent with ferrocene moieties for enhanced chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhong Jingjing , Hong Zhaoguo , Huang Sudi , Zhong Qiongqiong , Zhang Liangliang , Zhao Shulin , Liang Hong , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: November 2022

A Triphenylphilosophy Coordinated Cu (i) CDT Agent (Fc OD Cu) with Ferrocene Moieties was rationally constructed, its CDT efficiency is higher than that of Ba OD Cu (without ferrocene moods) and Fc OD (without Cu (i) moods).
The structure of a pentachromium(ii) extended metal atom chain at 3 K: Cotton's conjecture proven
Authors: Cornia Andrea , Nicolini Alessio , McMonagle Charles J. , Probert Michael R.
Published: November 2022

Cryocrystallography down to 3 K and twin refinement disclose the actual solid-state symmetry of [Cr5(C15H11N5)4(NCS)2], an archetypal EMAC. As conjectured by F. A. Cotton, the molecule is unsymmetric, with alternating long/short Cr–Cr separations.
Red light-induced highly efficient aerobic oxidation of organoboron compounds using spinach as a photocatalyst
Authors: Yan Peng , Zeng Rong , Bao Bo , Yang Xiu-Ming , Zhu Lei , Pan Bin , Niu Sheng-Li , Qi Xiao-Wei , Li Yu-Long , Ouyang Qin
Published: November 2022

A simple and general red light-induced oxidation of organoboron compounds to obtain hydroxyl has been developed with spinach as the photocatalyst in alcohol.
Electric dipole modulation for boosting carrier recombination in green InP QLEDs under strong electron injection
Authors: Zhang Tianqi , Liu Pai , Zhao Fangqing , Tan Yangzhi , Sun Jiayun , Xiao Xiangtian , Wang Zhaojing , Wang Qingqian , Zheng Fankai , Sun Xiao Wei , Wu Dan , Xing Guichuan , Wang Kai
Published: November 2022

Efficient green InP QLEDs with a high carrier recombination rate were demonstrated based on MoO3 electric dipole modulation.
Molecular crowding elicits the acceleration of enzymatic crosslinking of macromolecular substrates
Authors: Sato Ryo , Minamihata Kosuke , Wakabayashi Rie , Goto Masahiro , Kamiya Noriho
Published: November 2022

Molecular crowding elicits the acceleration of enzyme-mediated protein–protein conjugation compared with that found under non-crowded conditions.
Synthesis and electrochromic properties of polyamines containing a 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine-N,N′-diyl unit in the polymer backbone: Ru-catalyzed N–H insertion polycondensation of 1,4-phenylenebis(diazoacetate) with 4,4′-diaminotriphenylamine derivatives
Authors: Wang Yun-Chi , Shao Yu-Jen , Liou Guey-Sheng , Nagao Sota , Makino Yusuke , Akiyama Eita , Kato Masaaki , Shimomoto Hiroaki , Ihara Eiji
Published: November 2022

Polycondensation of a bis(diazocarbonyl) compound and diaminotriphenylamine derivatization via Ru-catalyzed N–H insertion to afford electroactive polyamine.
Highly sensitive detection of polyborosiloxane (PBS) hydrolysis with mannitol using electrochemical methodology
Authors: Liu Baoliang , Zhang Xiaoyang , Zhang Qikun , Sun Yucheng , Lu Zaijun
Published: November 2022

The change in current in the solution was detected with high sensitivity by applying an electrochemical methodology that showed the hydrolysis of PBSs.
Flexible selection of the functional-group ratio on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surface using a single-gas plasma treatment
Authors: Ohkubo Yuji , Okazaki Yuki , Nishino Misa , Seto Yosuke , Endo Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Kazuya
Published: November 2022

During plasma treatment of polymers, etching occurs and functional groups are introduced on their surface.
Microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of Mg–8Li–2Y–Zn/Al multilayered composites fabricated by cross asynchronous accumulative roll bonding
Authors: Hu Hao , Zhang Tongying , Wang Junli , Li Jinsheng
Published: November 2022

Mg–8Li–2Y–Zn/Al multilayered composites were successfully fabricated by the CAARB process, and have excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity, expanding their applications.
Label-free optical bio-sensing of non-cancerous and cancerous tissues from mice: distinct spectroscopic features of thiazole orange
Authors: Gala Ravisha , Gandhi Vishwa V. , Barooah Nilotpal , Kunwar Amit , Bhasikuttan Achikanath C. , Mohanty Jyotirmayee
Published: November 2022

Demonstrated a reliable distinction in the emission and circular dichroism spectral features of TO dye, on binding to the DNAs from non-cancerous and cancerous tissues, which offers a label-free optical method for the diagnosis of cancer tissues.
Photoswitches with different numbers of azo chromophores for molecular solar thermal storage
Authors: Sun Shaodong , Liang Shuofeng , Xu Wen-Cong , Wang Minghao , Gao Jiangang , Zhang Qijin , Wu Si
Published: November 2022

Photoswitches with different numbers of azo chromophores are designed for molecular solar thermal storage. The relationship between the molecular structures and the energy storage performance is investigated.
A high performance thermal expansion offset composite cathode for IT-SOFCs
Authors: Liu Kang , Lu Fei , Jia Xusheng , He Hao , Su Jinrui , Cai Bin
Published: November 2022

Both PPD of single cells and thermal matching of cathode/electrolyte layers can be improved markedly by the addition of an appropriate amount of SZM in the PBSC cathode.
Highly efficient bromine capture and storage using N-containing porous organic cages
Authors: Lee Sunggyu , Kevlishvili Ilia , Kulik Heather J. , Kim Hee-Tak , Chung Yongchul G. , Koh Dong-Yeun
Published: November 2022

Two distinct N-containing POCs show exceptional Br2 vapor adsorption ability and different reversibility of adsorption by forming charge-transfer complexes with polybromide species, as demonstrated by experimental investigations and DFT calculations.
2D-Double transition metal MXenes for spintronics applications: surface functionalization induced ferromagnetic half-metallic complexes
Authors: Dihingia Kripa Dristi , Saikia Swagata , Yedukondalu N. , Saha Supriya , Sastry G. Narahari
Published: November 2022

Surface functionalization induced ferromagnetism and half-metallicity of 2D-Double transition metal-based carbide and nitride MXenes makes them promising materials for nano-spintronic and electronic device applications.
New two-dimensional Ge–Sb–Te semiconductors with high photovoltaic performance for solar energy conversion
Authors: Gan Yu , Miao Naihua , Zhou Jian , Sun Zhimei
Published: November 2022

Three new stable semiconducting Ge–Sb–Te monolayers exhibit high visible-light absorbance (105–106 cm−1) and photovoltaic efficiency (26–30% at 0.1 μm), considerably larger than the currently dominant commercial photovoltaic semiconductor Si.
Performance evaluation of cognitive relay networks for end user mobile over mixed realistic channels
Authors: Khodeir Mahmoud A. , Al‐Mistarihi Mamoun F. , Ibrahem Lama N.
Published: November 2022

Cognitive relay network is a spectrum dynamic paradigm that exploits the unused portions of the licensed spectrum. This is based on merging both cooperative relaying techniques and cognitive radio network to achieve spectrum efficiency and enhance the overall system performance. In this paper, the presence of mobile users at the destination node is considered. Here, the end users can navigate at relatively fast vehicular velocities causing dynamic multipath fading and high Doppler shift. which can be fairly modelled using Nakagami‐fading channel (i.e. ). In a spectrum scarcity environment, a secondary user must deploy an optimal power allocation policy to get higher transmission rates while the overall interference affecting the primary user (PU) is kept below a certain threshold value. In particular, the outage probability (OP) performance is studied over the mixed Rayleigh and Nakagami‐m fading channels for different scenarios and a tight closed‐form expressions are derived for the system OP of underlay dual‐hop cognitive relay networks with a single amplifiy‐and‐forward (AF) relay with and without the use of the direct link transmission and selection diversity at the destination with interference power constraints for the primary network over independent and non‐identical (i.n.i.d) Rayleigh and Nakagami‐m fading channels when based on the statistical characteristics of signal‐to‐noise ratio. Numerical results are presented to evaluate the impact of the fading parameter, m, the maximum aggregated intrusion constraint, and the locations of the primary users (PUs) on different channel scenarios at high vehicular speeds. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to verify and validate analytical results.
Stabilisation in distribution of hybrid ordinary differential equations by periodic noise
Authors: Bahar Arifah , Dong Ran , Mao Xuerong
Published: November 2022

Many systems in the real world are periodic due to periodic phenomena in nature. Periodic hybrid stochastic differential equations are often used to model them. In many situations, it is inappropriate to study whether the solutions of periodic hybrid stochastic differential equations will converge to an equilibrium state (say, 0 or the trivial solution) but more appropriate to discuss whether the probability distributions of the solutions will converge to a stationary distribution, known as stability in distribution. This paper aims to determine whether or not a periodic stochastic state feedback control can make a given nonlinear periodic hybrid differential equation, which is not stable in distribution, to become stable in distribution. This problem will be referred to as stabilisation in distribution by periodic noise. There is little known on this problem so far. This paper initiates the study in this direction.
Integral equation analysis of multiport H‐plane microwave circuits by using 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions accelerated by the Ewald Method
Authors: Quesada Pereira Fernando D. , Huescar de la Cruz Antonio M. , Gómez Molina Celia , Melcón Alejandro Álvarez , Boria Esbert Vicente E.
Published: November 2022

An integral equation technique for the analysis of multiport H‐plane microwave circuits composed of an unlimited number of arbitrarily shaped metallic and/or dielectric elements is proposed. The structure under study is divided into different regions after the application of the surface equivalence principle. Following this approach, the access waveguide ports are modelled by means of parallel plate Green's functions, whereas the central region is characterised by 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions. The use of this kind of Green's functions represents a novelty for solving H‐plane integral equation problems. For the first time, the Ewald method has been employed in order to accelerate the computation of the 2D rectangular cavity Green's functions and their derivatives, needed in the integral equation. In addition, convergence studies show the numerical convenience of using the Ewald method to achieve a fast and accurate evaluation of these Green's functions. Results show that the analysis can be very efficient if the structure is segmented in a proper way based on fitting the cavity resonator within the geometry of the structure under analysis. In fact, all the walls of the structure that are coincident with the auxiliary resonator need not to be discretised during the numerical solution. Finally, several simulation examples of practical inductive microwave circuits are presented and discussed, showing a good agreement and higher computational efficiency when compared to results provided by commercial full‐wave software tools and measurements.
A simple and highly efficient flyback inverter control strategy for AC module application
Authors: Mohammadi Saleh , Izadfar Hamid Reza , Eskandarian Naser
Published: November 2022

A simple and efficient control structure of a flyback converter is proposed in this paper considering its intrinsic dynamic characteristics. The proposed control strategy makes use of a PI controller with a low pass filter to overcome the limitations on determining the gains of the feedback control system result from the right‐half‐plane (RHP) zero and LC filter dynamics. Therefore, the target output current is properly tracked and the disturbances are attenuated by the proposed control system. Furthermore, the stability requirements are satisfied and a zero steady‐state error is obtained by appropriately regulating the control signal. This control method is very fast applying the minimum number of delays in its scheme which causes the computational burden to be significantly reduced. Finally, the theoretical claims are confirmed by simulation and experimental results on a 200‐W laboratory prototype.
Passive localisation of mixed near‐field and far‐field signals using the transformed symmetric nested array
Authors: Du Bo , Cui WeiJia , Wang Jianhui , Ba Bin , Wang Yinsheng
Published: November 2022

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of mixed near‐field (NF) and far‐field (FF) signals is one of the key issues in the study of array signal processing. For more precise localisation performance, sparse arrays have drawn the attention of an increasing number of academics. Excitingly, sparse arrays enable larger array apertures and higher degrees of freedom (DOFs) than traditionally used uniform linear arrays. Consequently, this study proposes a transformed symmetric nested array (TSNA) for the passive localisation application regarding mixed NF and FF. There are three processes that go into building the proposed array. In the first step, we swap the positions of the uniform linear arrays and the sparse linear arrays in the nested array. In the second step, we place the corresponding array sensors extracted from the uniform linear array behind the uniform linear array to form a new subarray. In the last step, the TSNA is constructed by folding the formed array in half. Furthermore, we give the formula of the largest consecutive lags of the TSNA and its corresponding constructor. Finally, through theoretical analysis and computer performance simulation, this study illustrates the proposed array's numerous advantages over currently used symmetric sparse arrays.
Coping with loss
Authors: Temmink K. D. , Pols O. R. , Justham S. , Istrate A. G. , Toonen S.
Published: November 2022

Context.The stability of mass transfer is critical in determining pathways towards various kinds of compact binaries, such as compact main-sequence white-dwarf binaries, and transients, such as double white-dwarf mergers and luminous red novae. Despite its importance, very few systematic studies of the stability of mass transfer exist.

Aims.We study the behaviour of mass-losing donor stars in binary systems in a systematic way. We focus on identifying and understanding the parameter space for stable mass transfer in low- and intermediate-mass binaries with post-main-sequence donor stars as well as the properties of ultimately unstable binary systems at the onset of the instabilities.

Methods.We employed the 1D stellar evolution code MESA to simulate the mass-transfer evolution of 1404 binary systems with donor-star masses between 1 M⊙and 8 M⊙. We studied the behaviour of the binaries during mass transfer, without assuming that the donor star responds adiabatically to mass loss. We treated the accretor as a point mass, which we do not evolve, and assumed the mass transfer is conservative.

Results.We considered several criteria to define when unstable mass transfer occurs. We find that the criterion that best predicts the onset of runaway mass transfer is based on the transition to an effectively adiabatic donor response to mass loss. Using this quasi-adiabatic criterion, we determine the location of the stability boundary to within a relative uncertainty of five per cent in the mass ratio at the onset of mass transfer. Defining this critical mass ratio (qqad) in terms of accretor mass over donor mass, we find thatqqad ∼ 0.25 for stars with radiative envelopes that cross the Hertzsprung gap, while for convective giantsqqaddecreases from ∼1 at the base of the red giant branch to ∼0.1 at the onset of thermal pulses on the asymptotic giant branch. Compared with recent similar studies, we find increased stability of mass transfer from convective giants. This is because an effectively adiabatic response of the donor star only occurs at a very high critical mass-transfer rate due to the short local thermal timescale in the outermost layers of a red giant. Furthermore, we find that forq > qqadmass transfer is self-regulated, but that for evolved giants the resulting mass-transfer rates can be so high that the evolution becomes dynamical and/or the donor can overflow its outer lobe.

Conclusions.Our results indicate that mass transfer is stable for a wider range of binary parameter space than typically assumed in rapid binary population synthesis. Moreover, we find a systematic dependence of the critical mass ratio on the donor star mass and radius, which may have significant consequences for predictions of post-mass-transfer populations.
Notvertretungsrecht in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Duttge Gunnar
Published: November 2022

Was ist neu?

Mit Wirkung zum 1.1.2023 werden Ehegatten kraft Gesetzes (automatisch) zu Stellvertretern in sämtlichen „Angelegenheiten der Gesundheitssorge“, d.h. auch für Therapieentscheidungen nahe dem Lebensende. Einer vorausgehenden Bevollmächtigung ad personam durch den Patienten (soweit er noch geschäftsfähig ist, sog. „Gesundheitsvollmacht“) bedarf es dann nicht mehr. Um möglichem Missbrauch entgegenzuwirken, hat sich der Gesetzgeber jedoch zugleich darum bemüht, Sicherungsvorkehrungen zu etablieren. Insbesondere ist eine zeitliche Befristung und eine generelle Nachrangigkeit der gesetzlichen Stellvertretung gegenüber Vollmacht und gerichtlicher Betreuung vorgesehen, was die neue Vertretungsbefugnis für Ehegatten eher zu einer Maßnahme der Überbrückung in Notlagen macht. Blickt man auf den für Klinikeinrichtungen und Ärzteschaft damit verbundenen bürokratischen Aufwand, wird man allerdings am Sinn des neuen Rechts zweifeln.
Efficacy and Safety of Percutaneous Radiological Gastrostomy (PRG) as a Rescue Measure for Enteral Feeding in Patients with Advanced Head, Neck, and Upper Digestive Malignancies
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Chahal Anurag , Malla Sundeep , Bharti Sachidanand G. , Kumar Sunil , Biswas Ahitagni , Sahoo Ranjit , Pramanik Raja , Pathy Sushmita , Bhaskar Suman , Chandrashekhara S.H. , Sreenivas V. , Thulkar Sanjay
Published: November 2022

Background Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy is an established mode of enteral feeding for nutritional support for patients with dysphagia from upper digestive tract malignancy. Its role as a rescue measure in patients with advanced malignancy, presenting with absolute dysphagia and failure of nasogastric tube insertion has not been well established.

Purpose This study was performed to assess technical success and long-term outcomes of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy (push type) for nutritional support for patients with absolute dysphagia as a last ditch nonsurgical rescue effort for enteral access.

Materials and Methods This was a prospective observational study of 31 patients who underwent push-type percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy over a period of 2 years (March 2017–March 2019). The study was a part of a larger trial approved by the institutional ethics committee. Patients were followed till the removal of tube, death, or 1 year, whichever was earlier. Gastrostomy tube-related problems and complications were documented. Descriptive summary statistics were employed to analyze the success rate and complications.

Results Thirty-one patients with mean age 56 years (26–78 years) including 18 males and 13 females with head and neck squamous cell cancer and esophageal cancer presenting with absolute dysphagia or significant dysphagia with failed nasogastric or endoscopic enteral access were included. Overall technical success was 93.5% (29/31), achieved in 26/31 patients with just fluoroscopy guidance and 3/5 patients with computed tomography guidance. One major (3.3%) and two minor (6.5%) complications were encountered. Five out of 29 gastrostomy tubes had to be exchanged, after a mean of 44 days (1–128 days) after insertion.

Conclusion Percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy is a safe and effective intervention even as a rescue measure in patients with absolute dysphagia from advanced upper digestive tract malignancies.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Impaired Neurodevelopment—What May Be the Missing Link?
Authors: Kramer Boris W. , Niklas Victoria , Abman Steven
Published: November 2022

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and poor neurodevelopmental outcome after preterm birth are closely associated. However, mechanistic links are uncertain. We are exploring the hypothesis that decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 after preterm birth due to the abrupt end of supply by the placenta impairs growth during critical windows of development in most organs, including the lung and brain. Throughout gestation, the fetus uses glycolysis as its main source of energy. Metabolism is mainly stopped at pyruvate, which serves as a “metabolic crossroad”, allowing for the production of amino acids and other “building blocks” for new cells. Metabolic pathways are differentially regulated in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The ratio between pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) determines the biochemical activity which irreversibly metabolizes pyruvate to acetyl-co-A. Metabolites in the nucleus modulate epigenetic remodeling, an essential mechanism of normal growth and maturation during development. IGF-1 has been shown to contribute significantly to the development of virtually all organs, especially related to the regulation of microvascular growth, based on extensive studies of the brain, retina, lung, and intestine. With a preterm birth, the abrupt withdrawal of the placental supply of IGF-1 and its local production directly affects metabolism and microvascular development, which may contribute to a high risk for organ maldevelopment and injury after birth. We speculate that reduced bioavailability of IGF-1 is a possible link between lung and brain development disruption and increases susceptibility for major pulmonary and neurocognitive morbidities in preterm babies.

Key Points
What do we visually focus on in a World Heritage Site? A case study in the Historic Centre of Prague
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Kang Jian , Wu Yue , Yang Da , Meng Qi
Published: November 2022

Since socio-economic development is associated with artificial construction, heritage environments must be protected and renewed while adapting to such development. Many World Heritage Sites’ visual integrity is endangered by new construction. The paper aims to explore people’s visual focus patterns concerning the integrity of heritage to ensure that traditional culture is not endangered by the construction and development of modern life, and to protect Outstanding Universal Values. In this study, visual heatmaps are generated to investigate people’s visual integrity in the Historic Centre of Prague from micro to macro viewpoints using an eye tracker. We found that humans’ perspectives are unobstructed or concentrated, and the view of main attractions is generally maintained by a buffer zone. However, newly constructed high-rise buildings can result in major visual concerns. Therefore, new buildings with large heights and strong contrasting colours should be restricted to World Heritage Sites. Moreover, complex artistic effects (facade midline, domes, mural painting, faces of sculptures) will likely attract people’s attention. In contrast, visual focus is not concentrated on greenery, roofs and floors. Accordingly, greenery could become a flexible space to serve as a background for buildings and landscape nodes. Furthermore, visual focal factors are associated with two significant aspects: people and the environment. Since people and transportation could pose visual concerns, tourism managers should optimise for characteristics such as controlling the density of pedestrian flow and planning parking spaces. The visual patterns identified could be useful for the design, conservation, and management of visual integrity in cultural heritage sites to avoid the spread of artificial constructions within the boundaries of heritage sites, which may lead to their being endangered or delisted.
Shock compression of magnesium alloy by ultrashort loads driven by sub-picosecond laser pulses
Authors: Ashitkov Sergey , Komarov Pavel , Romashevskiy Sergey , Struleva Evgenia , Evlashin Stanislav
Published: November 2022

The shock compression of magnesium (Mg-4Al-2Zn) alloy polycrystalline films on glass under ultrashort loads driven by sub-picosecond laser pulses was investigated. The continuous diagnostics of motion and reflectivity changes of the free rear surface of the samples was carried out in the picosecond range (≤200 ps) in a single pulse mode using ultrafast spectral interferometry. We present the data on elastoplastic shock wave evolution at a propagation distance of several hundreds of nanometers, elastic precursor decay, shear, and tensile strengths at the extreme strain rate of ∼109 s−1.
Partially regular weak solutions to the fractional Navier–Stokes equations with the critical dissipation
Authors: Yang Jiaqi
Published: November 2022

We show that there exist partially regular weak solutions of Navier–Stokes equations with fractional dissipation −Δs in the critical case of s=32, which satisfy certain local energy inequalities and whose singular sets have a locally finite two-dimensional parabolic Hausdorff measure. Actually, this problem had been studied by Chen and Wei [Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 36(10), 5309–5322 (2016)]; in this paper, they established the partial regularity of suitable weak solutions for s=32. A point is that they admitted the existence of suitable weak solutions but did not give the proof. It should be noted that, when s=32, the existence of suitable weak solutions is not trivial due to the possible lack of compactness. To overcome this difficulty, we shall use a parabolic concentration-compactness theorem introduced by Wu [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 239(3), 1771–1808 (2021)]. For the partial regularity theory, we will apply the idea of Chen and Wei.
Simulations of neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating synergy in high power EAST scenarios
Authors: Yang D. K. , Liao L. Y. , Li Y. H. , Zhong G. Q. , Zhang X. J. , Zhang W. , Hao B. L. , Hu L. Q. , Wan B. N. , Hu Z. M. , Zhang Y. M. , Gorini G. , Nocente M. , Tardocchi M. , Li X. Q. , Xiao C. J. , Fan T. S.
Published: November 2022

The EAST plasmas heated with deuterium neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) have been simulated by the TRANSP code. The analysis has been conducted using the full wave solver TORIC5, the radio frequency (RF)-kick operator, and NUBEAM to model the RF heating effects on fast ion velocity distribution. In this work, we present several simulated results compared with experiments for high power EAST scenarios, indicating that the interactions between ICRH and fast ions can significantly accelerate fast ions, which are confirmed by the increased neutron yield and broadened neutron emission spectrum measurements.