bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condition based monitoring for fault detection in windmill gear box using artificial neural network
Authors: Abishekraj N , Jeeva Prashanna G R , Suriyaa M S , Barathraj T , Mohanraj D
Published: September 2020

Gears are condemning element in a diverse industrial application such as machine tool and gearboxes. Many contributing losses occur due to an unexpected breakdown of the gears. Recently, in many researches fault diagonsis has been the most contributing content in the gears. Vibration analysis has been used as a deciding tool for several machinery maintenance decisions. The most efficient form of indication is by the increment in the vibration level. By measuring and analysing the machine’s vibration, it is possible to determine both the nature and severity of the defect, and hence predict the machine’s failure. The vibration signal of a gearbox carries the signature of the fault in the gears and early fault detection of the gearbox is possible by analysing the vibration signal using different signal processing techniques. The present work depicts about the predictive maintenance program implementation based on the experimental data set of the gear box assembly in wind turbines by using the Artificial neural network and comprises of the prediction of variation in the accuracy of the experimental data set. The code values are generated using python 3.7 version software. The accuracy of the Model was found to be 61.86%. This accuracy indicates the functioning of the gears and can also be used for predictions in real time scenario.
Design and Development of Bio-Sensitive Robotic Arm using Gesture Control
Authors: Bakshi Subhodeep , Ingale Karan , Jain Atishay , Karuppudiyan S
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a model of a robotic arm is designed and manufactured using a 3D printer, which is to be operated via human gesture by using the Accelerometer and Gyroscope Module. This arm is proposed to help in the medical field, in military operations, in hazardous conditions and in industries to maximize human safety. The robot arm is designed such that, it has 5 degrees of freedom controlled by the 3-axis accelerometer mounted on the IC placed on the glove of the user. The module will replicate the movement of the user’s hand to extend, retract, and rotate accordingly to accurately position as required for the application. The user’s finger action is used to manipulate the working of the gripper. Therefore, gesture control in a broad sense is a computerized interface that allows computers to record and interpret those gestures into commands to adhere to actions.
Development and Workspace Analysis of Smart Actuation based Planar Parallel Robotic Motion Stage
Authors: Singh Deep , Choudhury Rutupurna , Singh Yogesh , Mukherjee Manidipto
Published: September 2020

The applications of light weight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously because of their various desirable characteristics such as low weight, lower inertia, higher stiffness, energy efficiency etc. Higher accelerations and accuracies can be achieved using planar parallel manipulators (PPMs). Also, Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) based actuators are replacing huge and bulky actuators as SMA actuators provide higher work per unit mass as compared to other actuators and also undergoes silent actuation by simple actuation process. In the present study, three configurations (3PRP, PPR-2PRP and PRR-2PRP) of 3 degrees of freedom U-shaped base planar parallel robotic manipulator have been presented using SMA based smart actuators. The manipulator constitutes of one fixed base and one moving platform. The SMA spring acts as linear actuators mounted on the base which is connected to the end effector with the help of three limbs. A detailed experimental study was carried out to understand the workspace associated with each configuration. The movement of manipulators was investigated with the various combinations associated with the input SMA translation joints. And the study showed that the various configurations acquire different areas of workspace in the manipulator region. This study also shows the essence of SMA springs in PPMs for precise and accurate positioning of the end-effector and also its tracking ability for the development of future micro-motion stage. Note: P refers to Passive Prismatic Joint, R refers to Passive Revolute Joint and P refers to Active Prismatic Joint.
Identification of tool wear status and correlation of chip morphology in micro-end milling of mild steel (SAE 1017) using acoustic emission signal
Authors: Prakash M , Kanthababu M , Arul Jeya Kumar A , Arun N , Prasanna Venkadesan V
Published: September 2020

This study describes the identification of micro-end mill wear by means of acoustic emission (AE) signals received from an AE sensor during the micro-end milling (slot milling) of mild steel. The obtained AE signals were processed in the time-domain to compute root mean square (RMS) and dominant frequency and amplitude are obtained from frequency-domain. The RMS value shows the linear trend with the tool wear, and helps to classify the tool wear regions, such as initial, progressive and accelerated wear regions. The Welch power spectral density and spectrogram (short term Fourier transform) analysis help to identify the tool rotational, tool passing and machining frequencies. The discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) technique is used to discretize the AE signal in to five frequency ranges. AE specific energy was obtained from the discretized AE signals. The AE specific energy indicated that a combined type of material removal mechanism occurred in micro-end milling, similar to the macro-end milling. However, ploughing is also observed from the surface topography. Chip structures are also studied and correlated with the micro-end mill wear for tool wear identification.
Experimental investigation and modeling of drilling process parameters for surface roughness of Al6061/SiC/Gr hybrid composite using RSM
Authors: Sai Tarun Kumar P , Muniappan A.
Published: September 2020

Surface quality and material removal rate (MRR) are two significant factors in the manufacturing which influence precision thus mirrors the productivity of the industry. Objective of this work is motivated to determine the optimum operating parameters for the drilling Aluminum hybrid composite. The metal hybrid composite of Aluminum was fabricated by stir casting process. Silicon carbide and graphite particles were added to improve material properties. The main cutting parameters, namely, spindle swiftness, feed amount and type of coolant are considered in this study. In this work, the experimentations were planned by a Box-Behnken design (BBD) method. The impact of procedure parameters on the reactions are assessed and ideal cutting conditions for limiting surface roughness and boost the MRR were resolved utilizing reaction tables, reaction charts, association tables, 3-D surface plots and attractive quality investigation. To approve, affirmation tests have been completed and anticipated outcomes have been seen as in great concurrence with experimental discoveries.
Deep Learning – A Review
Authors: Kota Vamsi Madhav , Manoj Kumar V , Bharatiraja C
Published: September 2020

In recent years, tech giants in various parts are showing Curiosity on Artificial Intelligence by investment on the project that can be a game-changer for both corporate and researchers. A company such as Google, Baidu, and Yandex have already started their multimillion-dollar project in this pitch. This article presents the latest progress and also tries to paint a predictive picture of future research directions and developments in the domain of deep learning. Each of the said research directions and avenues is analyzed and summarized in a brief yet concise manner in this article. Initially, an outline of the three elementary models of deep learning that including multilayer perceptions and perceptrons, convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks. Building on the bases of foundation, further analyses of the emerging new types of convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks are also undertaken in this current study. This article then summarizes deep learning and its applications in the domain of artificial intelligence, counting speech processing, computer vision, and natural language processing. Finally, the purpose of deep learning is discussed. The current article also delves a little deeper into the inner workings of the neural networking architecture associated with object detection and computer vision.
Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of AZ91d Magnesium Composite Reinforced With B4C and Graphite by Casting Process
Authors: Aatthisugan I , Razal Rose A
Published: September 2020

In this study, we have manufactured AZ91D magnesium - based alloy and its composite reinforced with boron carbide (B4C) and Graphite (Gr) at various weight percentages by bottom pouring stir casting process. The work is aimed at comparing the microstructure and mechanical properties of developed composites with its matrix AZ91D magnesium alloy. The B4C reinforcement particles were added 1.5, 3, 4.5 weight percentage respectively to the matrix material and also solid lubricant graphite was added 1.5 weight percentage into composite. Density, Porosity, Rockwell hardness test, tensile test, and Optical Microstructure were evaluated. The developed composites reveal increased 11.18% hardness value when compared to base material, which could be accredited to the occurrence of B4C particles. Also, this study indicates that increase in percentage addition of B4C and graphite leads to increase in density and tensile strength of the developed composites. Optical microstructure images show the uniform distribution of particles into matrix.
Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Composites
Authors: Aatthisugan I , Banerjee Aishik , Hasan Mohammed Moinuddin , Patel Aditya Singh , Pushkar Kumar , Dey Suraj , Sohail Saud Bin , Khateeb Syed Mohammad , Das Animesh
Published: September 2020

Sintering temperature might have varied effects on the properties of composites in general. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of sintering temperature on the properties of Aluminium composites fabricated by powder metallurgy process. Alumina and Silicon Carbide were different types of reinforcements in this work. Green compacts of Aluminium composites were made at a compressing load of 1 tonne and 2 tonne separately. These compacts were sintered at 2 different sintering temperatures of 400°C and 450°C in oxygen free environment using muffle furnace for 1 hour, followed by annealing process which took 12 hours. Sintered compacts were than subjected to micro-structural examination and mechanical properties evaluation. Higher hardness has been attained for the composites containing 2.5% Silicon Carbide. Optical microstructure images show the uniform distribution of particles into aluminium matrix.
Effects of grinding α–β Titanium with 3% CNTs in CBN grinding wheel: An Experimental Study
Authors: Stephen Deborah Serenade , Sethuramalingam Prabhu
Published: September 2020

Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) have found an immovable niche in the world of manufacturing in the form of reinforcements in composites. Their many advantageous properties have allowed their usage in innumerable ways and this has led to a plethora of innovations in engineering. In advanced manufacturing of very-hard-to-machine materials like titanium, where surface integrity is of prime importance, the presence of multi-walled CNTs even as less as 3% alongside Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) in grinding wheels, has demonstrated improved surface finish on Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V). This proposed grinding wheel for use on Titanium, reduces surface roughness and improves Material Removal Rate (MRR) on the Titanium work pieces. It also shows slight improvement in the contour of the wheel.
Enhancement of surface quality in Wire EDM machining of Magnesium alloy using ANN modeling approach
Authors: Sreenivasulu M. , Muniappan A. , Bharathiraja G. , Karunagaran N.
Published: September 2020

Wire electrical discharge machining is an sophisticated technology that contracts with very high speed cutting performance characteristics and precision machining process. In This paper deals about the surface quality enhancement by demonstrating various device parameters using ANN modeling for wire EDM process and the work piece required for machining was magnesium mix alloy. For exploratory game plan the machining parameters for example pulse off time, pulse on time, wire feed and current(voltage) were considered. The experiment was organized by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Central Composite Design (CCD) was used. Surface quality was foreseen by ANN modeling. Different enlistment limits were utilized to improve the methodology parameters for surface quality. The foreseen characteristics were uncommonly near the test regard and the best assortment was 4.3%. Confirmation test was moreover coordinated to endorse the results and ANN predicted results have been seen as in exceptional concurrence with test revelations.
Influence of Shot Peening on Surface Characteristics of Case Hardened SAE9310 Gear Material
Authors: Karthick S , Oliver Nesaraj S
Published: September 2020

The shot peening is the cold working process by which the compressive residual stresses are induced in the component, and that increases surface hardness, which can be helpful to avoid the fatigue failure of the component. Shot peening process is using to improve the fatigue life of the automobile and aerospace components. Effectiveness of the shot peening in surface characteristics can be measured by the Almen Intensity, Surface hardness and Surface roughness. The impact of shot peening on case-hardened differential bevel gear is defined in this study. In the shot peening process, the surface of the gear rammed by the small hardened cut wire shots with high velocity and overlapping indentations are created on the gear surface. Hence, thecharacteristics of surface of the gear can be greatly improved by shot peening. For bevel gears, bending fatigue crack is the major failure mode. This study is discussed to enhance the mechanical and surface properties of SAE9310 bevel gear by using the shot peening process. The optimization of shot peening process is done by including multi-performance characteristics i.e. Intensity, Surface hardness and surface roughness of the bevel gear. The analysis includes air pressure, nozzle distance, shot flow rate, exposure time as process parameters. The main objective of this study to decide the optimized shot peening process parameters for required performance characteristics and most influencing factors on surface layer characteristics. The experiments have been conducted using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array design techniques.
Application of principles of a Artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Anush Lakshman S. , Ebenezer D.
Published: September 2020

As the world is tuning smart in every possible way, various engineering problems and processes are being made smart by the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). As various AI methods are being tried in variety of applications in mechanical engineering like fault detection, autonomous vehicles, manufacturing, smart buildings etc., it becomes essential to survey and understand their suitability and performance to heighten the use of AI. Hence, this paper aims to survey the use of AI methods like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm, deep learning, fuzzy logic, hybrid technique and case-based reasoning in some of the mechanical engineering applications and attempt to find out which AI method suits better for the applications discussed.
Surface roughness evaluation in machining titanium alloys using non-textured and textured cutting inserts
Authors: Abishekraj N. , Gowtham T. , Krishnaraj V. , Bibeye Jahaziel R. , Geetha Priyadarshini B.
Published: September 2020

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is well known for its difficulty in machining due to its ultimate hardness. The temperature generated at the tool-chip interface is typically high which results in poor surface finish and rapid tool wear. The current focus of work was to analyze the influence of response parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness on the non-textured and textured cutting inserts. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized to generate the analytical relation between the process parameters and their interaction with the responses namely surface roughness. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was implemented to correlate with the significant factors and the correctness of the model. The machining was done experimentally using the textured and non-textured tools and the surface roughness was measured to analyze the influence of process parameters. It was found that the surface roughness was immensely reduced while using microtextured cutting tools.
An Experimental and Characteristic Study of Abaca Fiber Concrete
Authors: Anthony Reynold , Awasthi Surya Yash , Singh Prakhar , Prasath Kumar V.R.
Published: September 2020

The natural fibers can be an effective material to reinforce in concrete to improvedurability and strength, more compared to effect of synthetic materials on concrete. This study states about the effect of concrete with abaca fiber. The specimens of concrete were cast with the addition of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of abaca fiber and the respective tests were carried out on 7, 14 and 28 days of healing to assess compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength. The addition of super plasticizer along with the fiber helped in reducing the water content to match the highwater absorption capability of the fiber in the concrete. Among the above mentioned fiber percentage added to the concrete, it was observed that 0.5% gives the maximum compressive strength, which concludes to be the optimum percentage of abaca fiber addition. Optimum percent of abaca fiber was achieved with the split tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis was conducted on reinforced concrete with 0.5 percent abaca fiber to test the picture structure and elementary concrete composition.
An Experimental Study on the Effect of Magnetized Water on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Venkatesh S , Jagannathan P , Prasath kumar V R
Published: September 2020

This experimental study involves the examination of magnetized water on the workability and strength properties of the concrete. The water is magnetized in static treatment process with two different strengths of magnetswith 0.986 and 2 Tesla. The water exposed to magnetic fieldis used in concrete on replacing ordinary water it results to increasethe workability and mechanical properties of the concrete. The compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests wascarried using 24hour magnetized water in production of concrete. Concrete made with magnetized water possess higher strength than concrete made with ordinary water. The extent of the study is to improve the nature of the water according to the standards and reduce the water-cement ratio thereby reduce the utilization of cement content and porosity of the concrete.
APPLICATION OF MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING OF SETTING INPUT PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR DRILLED PRODUCT QUALITY OF Al Si7 Cu4
Authors: Balasubramanian S , Asvath G , Sundar Singh Sivam S P
Published: September 2020

Apparently, the drilling geometry and treatment influence the drill operation and its performance. Factually, the performance given by the drill bit is powerfully associative with efficiency, hence with economical fabrication. As a further matter, typical performance indicator, that is deviation from diameter, Cylindricity, tool wear, surface roughness is have been changed by drilling geometry. This fact that stress needed for novelty in drill design with further performance indicator optimization for quality of hole. In that prospect, here new drilling geometries were used. Various Drilling trials stayed directed utilizing the L9 orthogonal array. Various treatment processes like heat treatment, cryogenic or untreated (just as received) were carried out. Various tool nomenclature involving changing of helix angle were considered. The investigation performed on AlSi7Cu4 alloy with standard cutting tool, utilized all by trial made under dry cutting conditions. Later, drills were used to obtain hole on AlSi7Cu4, and their performance were examined and optimized to suggest optimum constraints of best attention. To estimate the performance of the drills, the drill quality of the hole stayed studied in terms of deviation of diameter, Cylindricity, and tool wear, surface roughness by the parameter optimization and the percentage of contribution were carried out by VIKOR methodology. As a result, geometry was developed by consideration of these negativities, and was found to show up superiority in performance when compared to other geometries in terms of quality of hole.
Effect of Stone-Thrower-Walls Defect on Mechanical Properties of Bi-layer Graphene - A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Joshi Mukul , Sharma Ekant , Anand Ankur , Thirugnanam M. , Rajasekaran G.
Published: September 2020

This paper mainly focusing on the effects of topological defects like Stone-Thrower-Wales (STW) defect on the mechanical properties of bilayer graphene. The effect of STW defects on crack propagation mechanism were analyzed using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. The results obtained are plotted to visualize the failure characteristics and the maximum stress that the material can withstand before undergoing fracture. These data are then validated with literature and experimentally obtained data.
The effects of cutting environment on surface roughness and tool life in milling of AISI 4340
Authors: Muhamad Shalina Sheik , Ghani Jaharah A. , Che Haron Che Hassan , Yazid Hafizal
Published: September 2020

In this work, AISI 4340 alloy was machined using PVD tungsten multilayer TiAlN/AlCrN coated carbide inserts under two different cutting environments: cryogenic cooling using liquid nitrogen (LN) and dry cutting condition. The experiments were performed at varying cutting parameters of cutting speed: 200–300 m/min, feed rate: 0.15–0.30 mm/tooth, axial depth of cut: 0.3–0.5 mm, and radial depth of cut: 0.2-0.5 mm. Nine variations in tool life and surface roughness were observed when machining under different machining parameters of AISI 4340 at 32 HRC. The analysis includes the tool life and surface roughness as well as its relationship. Cryogenic LN showed significant improvement towards increasing the tool life to a maximum of 41.7% relative to dry cutting. The experiment showed that the cryogenic application was able to reduce the surface roughness by up to 43.9 % when compared to dry machining. Thus application of cryogenic cooling reduces tool wear, reduces cutting temperature and produces good surface quality which is believed to be the main factor causing an improvement compared to dry cutting.
Contouring reflective plates through image resizing and Iterative Intensity Integration Technique (IIIT)
Authors: Vijaya A , Subramanian G
Published: September 2020

Iterative Intensity Integration Technique (IIIT) is an intensity based correlation technique used to obtain the slope and curvature of loaded reflecting plates. Energy conservation principle forms the basis for this technique. The total quantity of light reflected by specimen before and after loading is assumed to be identical. It is best suited for contouring reflective plates that produce constant image size in load and unload state. But the corner and simply supported plates having the free edges to rotate while loading make reflected image enlarge/shrinks. Hence, preprocessing one of the images is mandatory to make it equal to size of other. In this present study, reflecting plates of corner supported rhombus and rectangular plate with holes are chosen and the experiments are conducted for central loading. One of images is resized and those images are subjected to IIIT. A suitable correction procedure is applied to results obtained from IIIT to get the final result. The same plates are modelled using ANSYS for known displacement and the partial slope and curvature values are determined. The obtained ANSYS results are exported to MATLAB for comparison of results with experiments and the least square errors are presented.
Experimental Exploration on Surface Roughness in Abrasive Water Jet machining using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Venkata Ravi Kumar S , Muniappan A , Bharathiraja G , Karunagaran N
Published: September 2020

This paper presents research work involved in AWJ machining of AZ91 mg alloy material. AWJ critical has been confirmed to be an operative technology for processing numerous engineering materials. Surface abnormality of machined quantities is single and the most significant machining appearances that play an significant role in responsible the quality of machineries. Procedure parameters namely, traverse speed, water density and stand-off distances are measured in the current study. The properties of these parameters on surface quality have been studied based on the investigational results. Extreme pressure and lowest stand-off distance cause falling down in the surface quality in AZ91 magnesium alloy.
How to Burn? Straight vs Horizontal vs Suspended
Authors: Rakshantha M , Venkat Yeleti Bunny , Sanjana S , Gousik R , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

Burning is an inevitable process that happens in nature and has a massive impact on life. Technically, burning or combustion emphasizes on the reaction process that consumes oxidizer and fuel to deliver heat and burnt products. Based on the direction of reaction propagation and fuel orientation, burning or combustion is classified in to forward or reverse combustion. Forward combustion is a process which comprises of movement of air and the propagation of ignition zone in the same direction while in reverse combustion, air moves opposite to the direction of the propagation of the ignition zone. Forward combustion escalates rapidly in solid fuels when compared to reverse combustion. The conductivity of the burning solid fuel, convection due to the atmospheric air around and buoyancy effects which takes place due to the difference in air densities plays a major role in the forward combustion process. In this work, thin uniform cross-sectioned solid materials such as matchsticks, candles and incense sticks have been considered as fuel to investigate forward flaming and smoldering. The experiments were carried out in ambient atmospheric conditions. The results based on visualizations suggest that the orientation of the fuel has a greater impact on burning rates and provides us the information on how to burn it in a beneficial way.
Smoldering Combustion of Hexagonal Incense Material with Forced Airflow
Authors: Venkat Yeleti Bunny , Rakshantha M , Sanjana S , Sri Vijay Prabhu R , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

Most of the forest fires and building fires are occurring due to the low-temperature flame-less phenomenon called smoldering combustion. The present study is carried for the understanding of fluid flow patterns over the fuel and also fuel under smoldering combustion. The fuel equipped here is a hexagon since most of the modern architectural shapes for buildings, parking lots, hexagon-shaped houses, honeycomb-patterned facades, etc. Regression rates are calculated for the fuel under smoldering. For experimentation, a tabletop wind tunnel is fabricated, and an axial fan is fixed with a speed regulator to investigate the smoldering combustion under the flow and behavior of the fluid flow. The results suggest that the smoldering phenomenon is significantly dependent on the orientation, flow speed and the direction of smoldering with respect to the flow.
Design and development of impinging jet facility for flow visualization studies
Authors: Rather Abdul Hamid , Kannan B T
Published: September 2020

Smoke flow visualization is employed to investigate the behavior of a round jet issuing from a straight tube and impinging on a flat plate or bodies mounted on a support. Smoke jet impingement facility is a tool used in aerodynamic research to provide information about the behavior of a round jet of smoke impinging on a model. The smoke impingement jet facility utilizes smoke as seeding for scattering towards visualization. In this study, an impingement jet facility is designed and fabricated that ought to be of low price and straightforward to use. This project aims to offer educators and students an economical means to demonstrate flow impingement over completely different objects employing an easy variety of construction. This work utilizes a smoke generator that can produce good quality smoke and have sufficient density to be visible. The application of this smoke jet impingement jet facility over several test visualization techniques is that it produces high-quality visualizations. The facility has proven to be an economic addition in supporting other research projects and is anticipated to be a valuable ‘hands-on’ addition to existing aerospace laboratory teaching.
Heat transfer analysis of the DOT 4 brake fluid using a double pipe heat exchanger
Authors: Sharma C , Siddiqui M , Imran Md , Manikandaraja G
Published: September 2020

An important factor in the heat exchanger is the enhancement of the heat transfer rate. Heat exchangers succumb to numerous losses resulting because of convection, conduction, and radiation from the experimental set-up which hinders its performance. This project focuses on developing a parallel flow model for the analysis of DOT4 brake fluid considering the numerous energy losses based on experimental results. Various parameters like mass flow rate, inlet temperature on the overall heat transfer rate, and their effects are studied. Basis of the results, parameters are considered for better performance which has been taken into consideration for doing theoretical calculations. This project aims at analyzing the brake fluid both experimentally and theoretically by fabrication of the heat exchanger using mild steel and copper, henceforth experimenting to obtain the analysis of the fluid.
Mathematical modelling and analysis of solar water collector with flat and V-groove absorber plate with helical and plain water flow path tubes
Authors: Navakrishnan S , Sudhakar P
Published: September 2020

A mathematical model for Solar Flat Plate Collector (SFPC) has been developed to compare the thermal performance between different geometrical profiles of the collector like Flat plate, V-groove absorber plate and with plain and helical strip inserted in the absorber tube. Water, used as working fluid, is passed through the tubes to investigate the thermal performance. Different geometry of the absorber plate and tube are used to increase the heat gain by the collector. The temperatures at inlet and outlet are measured and analysis of collector recovery factor, heat gain, losses like bottom loss, edge loss and efficiency of collector has been done. The comparative study on the thermal performance shows 4% higher collector efficiency for helical strip absorber tube than the other geometric profiles. Also, the results of mathematical analysis closely agree with the experimental results.
Modeling and simulation of an active solar water heating system for Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Raji L , Shodiya S , Ngala G M , Baba M T
Published: September 2020

The recent interests in renewable energy throughout the world has created a need for research in the area of solar technology, specially solar water heating system. A numerical experimental investigation was conducted to develop a model of an active solar water heating system to produce domestic hot water at 90oC using Typical meteorogical year (TMY 2) solar weather condition data of Maiduguri. The numerical experiment was used for simulation and TRNSYS 16 software was also used to determine the hourly thermal performance of the model. The main component of the TRNSYS deck file constructed for this purpose is Type 109, accompanied by other components require for the model. TMY 2 weather data of Maiduguri was processed to obtain the monthly average daily hot water for Maiduguri, and the recommended average day of each months were also used. The weather condition of the month of August was considered for the design. The result of simulation shows that an active solar system collector area of 2.04m2 with inlet flow rate of 120kg/hour for hot water application, tilted at an angle of 12o to the horizontal would be capable of producing daily domestic hot water of 0.1m3 volume to the desired temperature of 90o C. The validation computed by using statistical tool of Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient Efficiency (NSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reveal the system ambient temperature and storage tank temperature of 1.60C,0.82 and 3.60C,0.96 respectively. For the experiment conducted, the model has capacity of predicting the performance of system with 82% and 96% degree of accuracy for that the experiment conducted. The early hours of each months as compared by the collectors showed that the serpentine solar collector has higher thermal performance than the riser-header flat plate collector but after 15:00 hours, Riser-header solar collector performance is better. This means that that riser-header solar collector has higher performance better than serpentine solar collector.
On the effect of repulsive magnetic field on partially premixed flames
Authors: Revanth A V , Malaikannan G , Malhotra Vinayak
Published: September 2020

The premixed flames are important with wide range of applications from burners, gas turbine combustor, mixing studies to practical, functional, engineering and scientific research applications. One of the interesting cases of premixed flames is partially premixed flames which has redirected the attention of the scientific community. The partially premixed flames represent incomplete burning, safety hazards, heterogeneous heat and mass transfer. The flame stability of premixed flames comprises an integral role in most of the propulsion applications. For efficient combustion operations and applications, flame stability is mandatory and different approaches have been tried. However, the complexity of the problem has prevented a thorough understanding. One aspect of transitional energy interaction which is yet to be tried is the interaction of magnetic energy with the thermal energy in partially premixed flames. The energy interactions are likely to alter the high energy field supporting flame stabilization and control. The major application includes, enhancement of fundamental understanding and optimization of potential gas turbine combustors, spacecrafts and magnetic nozzles etc. Thorough experimental investigation was carried out utilizing Bunsen burner and designated magnets for varying number of external energy sources, continual variation in interspace distances, and different configurations in repulsion fields. The magnetic effect on the flames is characterized in terms of geometric flame classification viz., Blue flame length (BFL), Yellow flame length (YFL) and Gross flame length (GFL) along with the visible structural changes in the flames. Results clearly state that presence of magnetic energy in the immediate vicinity significantly affect the flame behaviour. With systematic reduction in the separation distance, a non-monotonous drop in the BFL is observed for the cases of 2,3,4 magnet configuration(s) with reduction in the interspace distance.
Exploration of Zeolite 5A as a catalyst in the after-treatment system of a CI engine powered by plastic oil blend
Authors: Premkumar S , Balaji G.
Published: September 2020

Catalytic converters are commonly used for automotive engines to reduce regulatory emissions. Catalysts used in commercial converters are expensive and they work in particular temperature ranges. To overcome those problems, Zeolite 5A powder is chosen and used as a catalytic material in the catalytic converter to reduce the emissions from the Compression Ignition (CI engine). Zeolite 5A was molded into solid by adding distilled water and carboxymethyl cellulose as binder material. The prepared solid mold was used as catalytic material in the exhaust gas after-treatment system. The waste plastics were pyrolyzed into oil and blended equivalently with diesel (50:50 ratios) for this investigation. The performance and emission readings were taken by varying the engine loads (0, 1.32, 2.6, 3.9 and 5.2 kW) in the single-cylinder 5.2 kW CI engine. The NO and HC emission were reduced by 37% and 33% respectively at the full load condition.
A Numerical Approach to Study the Steady State Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Annular Porous Heat Exchanger
Authors: Ghosh Subhankar , Senthilkumar S. , Deep Dewanshu , Bharanitharan K. J.
Published: September 2020

Heat exchangers are one of the most heavily studied devices and extensive work has been performed over the years to increase their effectiveness. The present work investigates the heat transfer characteristics of an APHE (annular porous heat exchanger) in terms of different parameters. A modified design for the APHE is proposed, which resembles a conventional double pipe heat exchanger, with the annular portion of the outer pipe filled with a specific type of porous medium in order to intensify the heat transfer process. Commercial CFD package ANSYS Fluent has been utilized to investigate the performance of the proposed design numerically. Introduction of porous medium induces an increase in pressure loss which is undesirable; hence, a trade-off is present between hydrodynamic and thermodynamic performance. In the present work different inlet parameters have been modified such as different values of porosity (70% to 90%), different inlet velocities of hot fluid (1 m/s to 9 m/s), different inlet velocities of cold fluid (5 mm/s to 25 mm/s), and different inlet temperature of hot fluid (400 K to 480K), and their effects on the outlet parameters have been studied. The change in heat transfer has been presented quantitatively along with other significant parameters such as mass flow rate, pressure drop and hot gas outlet temperature. These results have been compared with the values for conventional heat exchangers in order to establish the effectiveness of APHE.
A computational study and experiments to investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of a small naturally aspirated diesel engine through changes in combustion chamber geometry, injection parameters and EGR
Authors: Menon Pradeep , Kamble Tushar , Mittal Mayank
Published: September 2020

Investigation of the combustion process in engines for improved fuel economy and emissions is best done by combining experiments and simulations. In the present work both experiments and simulations are conducted considering a naturally aspirated common-rail direct-injection (CRDI) diesel engine. The CFD model is developed based on experiments conducted at two operating points, representing to a 0.9 l, two-cylinder, diesel engine. The developed CFD model is then used to study the effects of different in-cylinder strategies attempted at reducing emissions, without compromising on performance. Previous researches conducted on diesel engine CFD simulations are generally based on large-bore large-capacity single-cylinder engines, and mostly investigated a single operating point. The present study investigates the effects of combustion chamber geometry, injection timing, multiple injections as well as EGR, individually as well as in combination, on NOx and soot emissions, at two different operating points in a small naturally aspirated CRDI diesel engine.
Development of a CFD Model and Validation with PIV-data to Study the Fluid Motion in a Small PFI SI Engine
Authors: Alam Afaque , Shinde Gaurav , Mittal Mayank
Published: September 2020

In-cylinder fluid motion has a substantial impact on air-fuel mixture formation, combustion process and emission formation. In the present paper, a simulation study of the in-cylinder fluid flow is performed using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of a port-fuel-injection (PFI) engine (volume: 110 cc). First, a 1-D model is developed, and validated with the cylinder pressure traces acquired in an optical engine experimentally. The model provided the boundary conditions for multi-dimensional numerical simulations. The predicted velocity fields from CFD are then compared with the measured data obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) at various crank angle positions with low throttle opening condition. A good relevance is observed on comparing numerically estimated results with experimental results.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Flow over Two Unsymmetrical Tandemly Arranged Airfoils – Numerical Simulation
Authors: Abbey Saransh , Dankhara Kevin , Senthilkumar S.
Published: September 2020

There have been many insects having a tandem wing configuration that gives them a major advantage for maneuvering with various desirable speed, such as dragonflies and butterflies, but subsequently have been used for a wider range of applications. So, it is well known that the tandem airfoil arrangement will have better aerodynamic characteristics than those of the single airfoil arrangement. The present work aims at numerically predicting the aerodynamic characteristics of the single airfoil and tandem airfoil arrangements of the Wortmann FX 63-137 airfoil profile at a Reynolds number of 0.5 x 106. The numerical simulations are performed using commercial CFD software, ANSYS-Fluent. Turbulent flows are modeled using the k-ω RANS model with a second-order upwind scheme. The pressure-velocity coupling is done through the SIMPLE algorithm. In the tandem arrangement, airfoils are positively staggered in the flow direction with variable gaps ranging from 0.1m to 0.7m with an increment of 0.2m and the perpendicular distance between the leading edges of two airfoils is fixed at 0.3 m and simulations are performed for a various angle of attacks with a range of 0 to ± 14°. The aerodynamic characteristics of the single and tandem arrangements of the same airfoil are compared and the effect of wake from the primary airfoil on a secondary airfoil at different angles of attack is also studied for the same conditions.
Design and Fabrication of a Turbine having NACA 2415 Blades and Feasibility Study of its Application in Cooling Tower
Authors: Ur Rahman Md Wakil , Rashid Fazlur , Jahangir Safwan Bin , Anam Iftekhar
Published: September 2020

In modern world, energy is a blessing, but its production is a problem with many human and economic ramifications. Comparing with others, solar and wind energies are much popular but have their own problems, primarily cost. Some of experiments are at MIT’s Media Laboratory are happening with cheap alternative energy sources. Wind energy is more efficient according to research, than solar energy. Mathematically it is proven, with the help of a 3 square meter turbine where velocity of wind is 36 km per hour and with 30% of total efficiency about 300 watt can be obtained. The main contents of this project and thesis include the design, construction and calculating the performance of aerofoil shaped turbine blade. To construct the aero foil shaped turbine three blades and a wood-hub are used. A shaft is fitted with hub with 5 cm diameter; a metallic gear is there for supporting the other end. In addition, gearing system is there to make the speed of output shaft are more high. A24 volt generator is also connected to the output shaft. The primary output was 6 watt & can apply this output power in various purposes like to run energy saving lamp, to charge mobile battery & other charge storage battery. A model has been used for simulation since the site of the actual turbine was not feasible for collecting effective data. The model was tested at different wind speeds and rpm of the rotor with respect to the amount of electricity produced.
Development and test of a new carbon capture system using Zeolite with addition of Activated carbon and Monoethanolamine for IC engines
Authors: Ajith Kumar P S , Varghese Akhil , Vaishanth S S , Balaji G
Published: September 2020

Global warming is one of the major concerns of the modernera. It is caused bythe surplus presence ofgases like CO2, CH4, NOx, and SF6, which can entrap the sun’s warmth within our atmosphere leading to the greenhouse effect. Past surveys showthat the atmospheric CO2levels, which has been on a steady rise due to burning of fossil fuels as well as incomplete combustion in IC engines, is the key factor to the climate change problem the world is facing right now. One of the ways to reduce thisCO2crisis is to capture carbon emissions at the source itself. This paper deals with a process to reduce CO2 levels by employing a combination of zeolite, activated carbon and monoethanolamine (MEA) with the help of Aluminium fine wire mesh. The properties of zeolite 5A have been adapted in capturing the CO2 due to their high micro porous structure and MEA due to its high CO2 absorbing characteristics. A slurry is prepared and the aluminium wire mesh is dipped in it, dried and is later kept in the exhaust pipe for the results. A comparison of the carbon emission with and without mesh is tabulated and presented with discussions.
Experimental investigation of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with pine oil and cotton seed oil
Authors: Khan Mohd Quasim , Joshi Jitendra , Singh Harshit , Ayatuallah  , Singh Anurag , Manikandaraja G , Malarmannan S
Published: September 2020

Increase in energy demand, stringent emission norms and depletion of oil resources has led to find alternative fuels that are compatible with internal combustion engines. This paper presents the study of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with pine oil and cotton seed oil blended in the blending ratio 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 respectively. The experiment was carried out in four stroke single cylinder diesel engine by varying the load from 0% to 80%. The result shows the blend of cotton oil and pine oil used as a fuel has increased the brake thermal efficiency with reduction in exhaust gas temperature and specific fuel consumption. By using different blends, it shows the reduction in emission parameters such as CO, CO2, NOX and smoke and yields satisfactory results.
Study of expansion ratio on dual bell nozzle of LOX-RP1 engine for replacing the existing bell nozzle to dual bell nozzle
Authors: Samantra Ashis Kumar , Santhosh K S , Rashid Khalid , Jayashree A
Published: September 2020

Numerical study was conducted on the LOX-RP1 engine bell nozzle to replace the dual bell nozzle for determining the optimum expansion ratio and greater thrust at sea level. Here base nozzle is a conventional Rao’s TIC nozzle, where throat radius, exit radius, inflection angle and exit angles are 138mm, 826mm, 33° and 8° respectively. The total length of dual bell nozzle and existing bell nozzle are kept same. Numerical analyses were carried out in ANSYS FLUENT software on different dual bell nozzle geometry to evaluate the thrust and expansion ratio. Numerical analysis is performed by two dimensional, axi-symmetric, steady state, pressure based solver with SST k-ω turbulence model at different ambient pressures to recreate the patterns of flow in the nozzle at different nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) and expansion ratio. The profile has made by commercial software SOLID WORKSTM. Numerical simulations and flow separation locations are validated with the experimental data published earlier. It is observed that with area ratio 150 and inflection angle 15° the thrust has increased by 5.46% at sea level and around 10.5% in vacuum, where the increase in exit radius and mass is only 96 mm and 6 kg respectively.