bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUE FATORES POLÍTICOS INFLUENCIAM AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS REGULADAS E NÃO REGULADAS NOS PEQUENOS MUNICÍPIOS DO NORDESTE BRASILEIROS?
Authors: Gerigk Willson , Ribeiro Flávio , Lepchak Alessandro
Published: June 2018

A presente pesquisa estudou os municípios brasileiros com menos de cinco mil habitantes da região nordeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de determinar que fatores políticos exerceram influência sobre as políticas públicas reguladas e não reguladas. Como políticas públicas reguladas utilizou-se os gastos municipais com educação e com saúde e como não regulada os com administração/planejamento. A abordagem da pesquisa é quantitativa, com o emprego da análise de dados em painel pelo método de efeitos fixos. As variáveis explicativas são os seguintes fatores políticos: (i) ciclo político orçamentário; (ii) ideologia políticas, (iii) alinhamento político entre os pequenos municípios e os níveis superiores de governo; e (iv) competição política. A amostra inicial constitui-se dos municípios que disponibilizaram dados junto à MF/STN/FINBRA, entre 2001 e 2012, totalizando 2.414 observações. Os resultados indicaram que os ciclos políticos orçamentários influenciaram as políticas reguladas e não reguladas nos municípios com menos de cinco mil habitantes e que a opção dos gestores foi priorizar os gastos com educação e saúde nas eleições municipais. A ideologia política não é um fator que diferencia a aplicação de recursos nas áreas analisadas. As formas de alinhamentos políticos entre os governos locais e os superiores revelaram baixa influência sobre as áreas de gastos pesquisadas. A competição política no âmbito do Legislativo municipal sugere que quanto mais acirrada a competição política, maiores os gastos com a área administrativa e de saúde. Por fim, a pesquisa contribuiu na avaliação dos efeitos de fatores políticos sobre dois extremos das políticas públicas nos pequenos municípios (políticas reguladas e não reguladas) e, também, por detalhar a compreensão desses efeitos em um grupo específico de municípios, ampliando a compreensão sobre esses fatores e seus impactos no âmbito municipal.Palavras chave: Pequenos municípios brasileiros. Políticas públicas, Gastos locais regulados. Gastos locais não regulados. Fatores políticos.
RELAÇÃO ENTRE A QUALIDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO RECEBIDA E O NÍVEL DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DA ÁREA DE NEGÓCIOS
Authors: Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Neitzke Ana Claudia Afra , Voese Simone Bernardes
Published: June 2018

Neste paper são apresentados os resultados de uma pesquisa com foco em investigar a relação entre a qualidade da informação recebida por profissionais da área de negócios e o nível de tomada de decisão desses indivíduos. A motivação deste estudo adveio de debates sobre a massificação de dados e os seus reflexos na gestão das organizações. O estudo é descritivo, de caráter quantitativo e teve um questionário como instrumento de coleta cuja amostra final foi composta por 311 profissionais de duas cidades do Paraná. A validação do instrumento ocorreu por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória e coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. As principais técnicas utilizadas para tratamento dos dados foram: Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Correlação de Spearman, Análise de Conglomerados e Análise de Variância. As dimensões originais do modelo foram unificadas em dois fatores para a qualidade da informação, que simbolizam a congruência da informação com tipificações organizacionais e a sua utilidade e usabilidade. Os achados indicaram que grupos de indivíduos que tomam decisões táticas têm uma representação destoante dos demais sobre a qualidade da informação, sendo plausível admitir que para eles a qualidade da informação assume uma nova conotação, que é nivelada em termos de coerência interna da informação e a sua proficiência à praxe. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para uma melhor análise da lacuna da literatura relatada por Petter, DeLone e McLean (2013), referente a falta de variáveis representativas ao constructo qualidade da informação, bem como suas relações com o processo decisório.Palavras-chave: Qualidade da informação. Níveis de Tomada de decisão. Negócios.
RENTABILIDADE DE CLIENTES E GESTÃO EM HOTÉIS: UM ESTUDO EM PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Luna Sara Beatriz da Silva , Leitão Carla Renata Silva
Published: June 2018

A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a prática da análise da rentabilidade de clientes nos hotéis pernambucanos. A pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva e usa como método de abordagem o estatístico. Como técnicas, utilizou a documentação direta e indireta. Na documentação indireta, utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica; a documentação direta envolveu a observação direta extensiva, realizada através da aplicação de questionário. O universo da pesquisa foi composto pelos 113 hotéis pernambucanos cadastrados no Sistema de Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas e Jurídicas que Atuam no Setor do Turismo (CADASTUR), do Ministério do Turismo. A amostra foi composta pelos 22 hotéis que responderam ao questionário enviado. Como resultado, observou que a maioria dos hotéis, embora considere importante, não realiza a análise da rentabilidade de clientes e que a maioria, embora possua um banco de dados de clientes, não tem as informações sobre a rentabilidade contemplada em seu sistema informacional. Assim, a pesquisa buscou contribuir com o estudo do uso das informações sobre a rentabilidade de clientes na gestão dos hotéis, bem como da utilização da sua análise por essas entidades, o que pode contribuir para o estudo sobre as práticas da gestão hoteleira.Palavras-chave: Rentabilidade de Clientes. Gestão. Hotéis.
Mass transfer during electrodeposition of metals at a periodically changing rate
Authors: Maksimovic Miodrag , Popov Konstantin
Published: June 2018

1. Introduction 2. Mass transfer in the steady state periodic condition 2.1.
Reversing current 2.2. Pulsating current 2.3. Alternating current
superimposed on direct current 3. The influence of the charge and discharge
of the electrical double layer 4. The validity of the mathematical model
4.1. Reversing current in the millisecond range 4.2. Reversing current in
the second range 4.3. Pulsating current 4.4. Pulsating overpotential 5.
Conclusion
Cretaceous-tertiary boundary layer at Stevns Klint (Denmark): Copper and copper(II) porphyrins
Authors: Premovic Pavle , Nikolic Nikola , Tonsa Ivana , Dulanovic Dejan , Pavlovic Mirjana
Published: June 2018

High concentrations (up to 4000 ppm) of copper(II) porphyrins have been
detected in the kerogen of the Cretaceous/Tertiary (KT) boundary informal
type sediment, the Fish Clay, at Stevns Klint, Denmark. These pigments
have also been found in the Danish KT sediment at Nye Kl?v, which is about
300 km away from Stevns Klint. However, copper(II) porphyrins cannot be
detected in the Danich boundary rock of the Dania site, which is separated
from Stevns Klint by about 200 km. It is proposed that the kerogen
copper(II) porphyrins are derived from humic materials of terrestrial
(peat/soil) sources already enriched with these compounds, which were
redeposited in the Danish KT boundary Basin. In addition, our results show
that the kerogen copper(II) porphyrins are present, for comparison, in the
Permian Kupferschiefer shale from Poland. The amounts are comparable to
those in the Fish Clay kerogen. To our opinion, the same processes
responsible for the kerogen copper(II) porphyrin enrichment have occurred in
the Stevns Klint KT boundary sediment and in the Kupferschiefer.
Thermodynamic analysis of copper(I) sulfide chlorination by calcium chloride in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Vracar Rajko , Cerovic Katarina
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of possible, but insufficiently
studied, chemical reactions occurring during the chlorination of copper(I)
sulfide by calcium chloride in the presence of oxygen. It formed the basis
for assessing the probability and priority of their occurrence. Phase
stability diagrams have been plotted for the Cu-S-O-Cl system in the
coordinates log p(S2)-log p(O2)-log p(Cl2) in the temperature range from 473
to 773 K.
The fatty acids and alkanes of Satureja adamovicii Silic and Satureja fukarekii Silic
Authors: Kitic Dusanka , Palic Radosav , Ristic Novica , Stojanovic Gordana
Published: June 2018

The content and composition of fatty acids and alkanes of Satureja adamovicii
Silic and Satureja fukarekii Silic were analized by GC. It was found that
unsaturated acids prevailed and that the major components were palmitic,
oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. The hydrocarbon fractions of pentane
extracts were shown to consist of the alkane homologues (C17 to C34) with
nonacosane and hentriacontane being prevailing compounds.
Erratum
Authors: Editorial E
Published: June 2018

Reactivity of b-aroylacrylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane Lj. S. STEVOVIC
1, B. J. DRAKULIC 2, I.O. JURANIC 3, S.Z. DRMANIC 4 and B.Z. JOVANOVIC
4 1 INOTEH-Belgrade, 2 Center for Chemistry IChTM, Belgrade, 3 Faculty of
Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 4 Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy,
University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia {Published in JSCS 63 (1998) 359-365}
The first item in Table III is erroneously reported. The correct version is:
TABLE III. Crystallisation solvent, melting points and yields* of compounds (1-10)
Nursing perspective in organ donation process: experience report / Perspectiva da enfermagem no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos: relato de experiência / Perspectiva de la enfermería en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos..
Authors: Gomes Cecília Silva , Araújo Dhenise Meneses , Oliveira Haglaia Brito , Sampaio Nadja Freitas
Published: June 2018

Objetivo: descrever a experiência de acadêmicas voluntárias na perspectiva da atuação da equipe de enfermagem na assistência para reconhecimento, manutenção e captação de órgãos e tecidos viáveis para captação e transplantes. Metodologia: trata-se de um relato de experiência durante estágio extracurricular na Organização de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos de um município no estado do Piauí, no período de maio à agosto de 2017. Resultados: as vivências foram desenvolvidas nos setores críticos de hospitais estaduais e municipais como salas de estabilização, unidades semi-intensiva e intensiva, salas de recuperação pósanestésica e ambiente extrahospitalar nas Unidades de Pronto Atendimento e nos serviços de verificação de óbito e instituto médico legal. Conclusão: ao fim da vivência foi possível adquirir conhecimentos e experiências acerca da atuação da equipe de enfermagem em todo o processo de doação de órgãos, assim como reconhecimento da importância de divulgação e sensibilização sobre a temática para o meio acadêmico e a comunidade. Descritores: Morte Encefálica. Transplante de Órgãos. Equipe de enfermagem.
SPECIFICITY OF POETRY OF EARLY ADYGHE LITERATURE
Authors: Alkhasova Svetlana Mikhaylovna
Published: June 2018

For the first time the article considers the features of the authors’ works of early pre-written Adyghe literature: their specificity and context. The general characteristic of the state of the oral creativity of the pre-written epoch is given; the main tendencies of the creativity of the story-tellers are noted. The paper analyzes the heritage of the most remarkable authors of the pre-written literature giving a scientific description of the poetic creativity of the story-tellers, who vividly reflected the characteristics of their time. The results of the research will contribute to the further development of one of the topical problems of modern Adyghe (Kabardian-Circassian) literary criticism - the problem of the evolution of the national literature, its ethno-national specificity, stylistic features and context. Successful solution of the set theoretical and practical tasks will supplement the history of the national literature, its individual-specific features.
MOTIVES OF N. A. ZABOLOTSKY’S “SENSIBLE BEING” IN TRANSLATIONS INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Butova Anna Vladimirovna , Dubskih Angelina Ivanovna
Published: June 2018

Foreign readers’ interest in N. Zabolotsky’s creative heritage that increased in the last decades of the XX century stipulates relevance of this work, the purpose of which is to reveal how successfully the “details” of the poetic universe created by Zabolotsky were represented in translations of his poems into English. The main task is to determine the degree of accuracy of translation of Zabolotsky’s word usage and the features of his worldview into English, particularly in those poems, which are associated with the image or motives of “Reason”. The conducted research has shown that the theme of “reasonable being” is very difficult for translators. Misunderstanding of the fundamental bases of the poet’s creative work leads to appearance of semantic, stylistic and other inaccuracies in translations. The materials of the article can be used for reading lectures and special courses on translation, as well as in the practice of translating poetic texts from Russian into English.
MODES OF LITERARY TRANSLATION OF REPETITIONS INTO THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE NOVEL “THE LOST WORLD” BY ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE)
Authors: Korshunova Elena Sergeevna
Published: June 2018

The article analyzes repetition as an expressive means of literary speech by the example of the novel “The Lost World” by Arthur Conan Doyle. Repetition is understood as a speech device based on repeating sounds, words, morphemes, synonyms or syntactic constructions, which are located near each other. During the research, such types of stylistic repetitions, found in the text of the source, as anaphora, epiphora, framing, anadiplosis, polysyndeton, syntactic parallelism, some phraseological units containing repetitions, as well as the cases of tautology are characterized. The paper reveals the functions of the above mentioned repetitions. The modes of translation of stylistic repetitions are considered. The author concludes that most of the repetitions in the translation remain, having literary expressiveness, and a third of the repetitions do not play a significant role in the formation of expressiveness, therefore they are deliberately omitted or translated using other language means.
SPECIFICITY OF TRANSLATING THE FICTION TEXT REALIA (BY THE MATERIAL OF TWO TRANSLATIONS OF THE NOVEL “THE HEART OF A DOG” BY M. A. BULGAKOV)
Authors: Pastukhova Elena Nikolaevna
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the issues of classification and translation of realia as culturally marked elements of the fiction text. The work analyzes the lexical units that nominate the Russian and Soviet cultural and historical realia found in the novel “The Heart of a Dog” by M. A. Bulgakov. The scientific novelty of this research is studying the ways of rendering the meaning of these names into English and establishing the degree of adequacy of translations performed by A. Pyman and M. Glenny at different time periods. As a result of the research it is established that approximate translation, i.e. interpretation and search for a functional analogue, is used more often than any other method. In most cases, the translators managed to convey the subject content of the culturally marked vocabulary, while losing its national flavor. The socio-political vocabulary of the Soviet period caused the greatest difficulties in translation for both the authors, which is obviously explained by the lack of understanding of the socio-cultural situation described by M. Bulgakov in his work.
SPECIFICITY OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL SEMANTICS OF ADJECTIVAL COMBINATIONS OF THE LEXEME “GOSSIP”
Authors: Sheiko Dar'ya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2018

The problem of studying lexico-semantic relations of words is one of the key ones in modern lexicology. The article analyzes the specificity of the lexical compatibility of the lexeme “gossip” with the adjectives of two lexico-semantic groups with the meaning “spatial location” and “temporal characteristic”. The author concludes that the basic spatial characteristic of the lexeme “gossip” is realized through such locus as “city” considered as a multifactor complicated social and cultural establishment, and the basic temporal characteristic of “gossip” is continuum on the scale “description of origin”.
MARKERS OF REALITY / UNREALITY OF EXISTENCE IN THE SPHERE OF PASSIVE-PROCESS FRENCH SENTENCES
Authors: Shcherbakova Alla Vyacheslavovna , Zyryanova Mariya Vladimirovna
Published: June 2018

The article examines the specificity of realizing the meaning of reality/hypotheticity of existence expressed by verbal mood within the passive-process French sentence. The study is conducted from the viewpoint of the functional-semantic conception, which considers the logical-semantic aspect when interpreting syntactic and semantic phenomena. It is shown that the principles of using mood forms that are the markers of reality/hypotheticity of existence of a passive-process feature are determined by structural and semantic peculiarities of the passive-process sentence.
THE ROLE OF RESEARCH COMPETENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL-METHODOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS
Authors: Korzun Oksana Olegovna , Savkina Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Published: June 2018

The article identifies the place of research competence in the structure of a foreign language teacher’s professional-methodological competence. The authors justify the choice of the term “professional-methodological competence”, propose their own structure of this notion. The analysis of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education indicates the necessity to include research competence into the structure of professional-methodological competence. The research findings will be useful for higher school teachers training bachelor students - future foreign language teachers.
Performance Optimal PI controller Tuning Based on Integrating Plus Time Delay Models
Authors: Dalen Christer , Di Ruscio David
Published: June 2018

A method for tuning PI controller parameters, a prescribed maximum time delay error or a relative time delay error is presented. The method is based on integrator plus time delay models. The integral time constant is linear in the relative time delay error, and the proportional constant is seen inversely proportional to the relative time delay error. The keystone in the method is the method product parameter, i.e., the product of the PI controller proportional constant, the integral time constant, and the integrator plus time delay model, velocity gain. The method product parameter is found to be constant for various PI controller tuning methods. Optimal suggestions are given for choosing the method product parameter, i.e., optimal such that the integrated absolute error or, more interestingly, the Pareto performance objective (i.e., integrated absolute error for combined step changes in output and input disturbances) is minimised. Variants of the presented tuning method are demonstrated for tuning PI controllers for motivated (possible) higher order process model examples, i.e., the presented method is combined with the model reduction step (process–reaction curve) in Ziegler–Nichols.
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China
Authors: Liu Dengguo , Lou Diming , Liu Juan , Fang Liang , Huang Weiming
Published: June 2018

A Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Results showed that NOx emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 5.0 to 19.1, and PM emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 0.001 to 0.189. A nonlinear model was established based on scientific statistical method, which showed that NOx and PM emission factors significantly decreased with speed increasing. The model also showed a “long tail effect” of NOx and PM emission factors beyond 30 km·h−1. Furthermore, hybrid bus exhausted less NOx, PM, and PN emissions compared to conventional bus in the acceleration condition. Exhaust rates of NOx, PM and PN emissions (unit: g·s−1) increased with speed increasing under steady state driving condition, while PN emissions commonly showed a unimodal distribution at the speed of 20 km·h−1.
The Role Perceptions of Newly Appointed Senior School Leaders in the Western Cape, South Africa and Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Van Vuuren Nelius Jansen
Published: June 2018

The role of the senior school leader, in school leadership teams, has been intensely deliberated over the years. Professional learning and leadership approaches and experiences for newly appointed senior school leaders have been extensively linked to the role perceptions of new school leaders. The importance of appropriate recommendations for policy and practice highlight the need for complex developmental support ingenuities to support their perceived development needs. Extensive teaching experience may be the only requirement for being appointed as a senior school leader, as also suggested by the Western Cape Education system (WCED). A developing system such as the Abu Dhabi Education  Council (ADEC) system, highly qualified individuals make up for a lack of experience. Both these perceptions support the notion that no further professional development is required for newly appointed school leaders, the problem addressed in this paper. This article report and compare the main findings of the perceived roles and responsibilities of newly appointed senior school leaders in the Western Cape, South Africa, and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The perceived roles and responsibilities of newly appointed school leaders, suggest a unique and specialist development approach to support effective leadership. The outcomes of this study further suggest a need for contextualised, individualised training and support in their individualised roles and responsibilities. The paper, therefore, employs a mixed-method approach to gather data to understand the perceived roles and responsibilities of newly appointed senior school leaders in the Western Cape, South Africa and Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Literature: The Archipelago Perspective
Authors: Noudelmann François
Published: June 2018

The history of the notion “continent” teaches us the relativity of geographical divisions. Let's consider the connotations of continent: holding together different lands presumes a continuity between them, and thus a similar content (continent, continuity, content). So, thinking about literature in term of space, and especially in the shape of a continent, leads one to question its status and its role. “Thinking literature across continents” implies crossing borders but we must question the meaning of passing through borders. What passes is, in itself, meaningless: it is the movement of passing, the transition itself, that gives meaning to what passes. Every voice, in every language, opens up one of these transitions. But a transition from one continent to another cannot be thought of as a translation that preserves a continuity of sense. What is forgotten in this map of multiple continents? The oceans, the seas, the islands, the peninsulas, the archipelagos. Today a multilateral perspective implies an “archipelagic paradigm” that highlights the ties between isolated territories, far from any continental identity. From this new perspective, let us think about what we could call the “discontinent.”
From Dreamweaver to Drupal: A University Library Website Case Study
Authors: Buell Jesi , Sandford Mark
Published: June 2018

In 2016, Colgate University Libraries began converting their static HTML website to the Drupal platform. This article outlines the process librarians used to complete this project using only in-house resources and minimal funding. For libraries and similar institutions considering the move to a content management system, this case study can provide a starting point and highlight important issues.
Managing In-Library Use Data: Putting a Web Geographic Information Systems Platform through its Paces
Authors: Godfrey Bruce , Stoddart Rick
Published: June 2018

Web Geographic Information System (GIS) platforms have matured to a point where they offer attractive capabilities for collecting, analyzing, sharing, and visualizing in-library use data for space-assessment initiatives. As these platforms continue to evolve, it is reasonable to conclude that enhancements to these platforms will not only offer librarians more opportunities to collect in-library use data to inform the use of physical space in their buildings, but also that they will potentially provide opportunities to more easily share database schemas for defining learning spaces and observations associated with those spaces. This article proposes using web GIS, as opposed to traditional desktop GIS, as an approach for collecting, managing, documenting, analyzing, visualizing, and sharing in-library use data and goes on to highlight the process for utilizing the Esri ArcGIS Online platform for a pilot project by an academic library for this purpose.
President's Message
Authors: Yelton Andromeda
Published: June 2018

June 2018 message from LITA President Andromeda Yelton.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT METHOD OF TITANIUM SILVERING
Authors: Matyushin M.A. , Yudina T.F. , Ershova T.V.
Published: June 2018

The applicability of the dielectrics activation method to the problem solution of preliminary preparation of titanium before the deposition of metallic coatings was shown. The advantages over used in industry methods were focused. The optimum composition of the modifying solution and operation were defined.
Hazardous Materials Transportation
Authors: Moreno Jeffrey O. , Tutrone Jason D.
Published: June 2018

The movement of hazardous materials is a common and essential transportation function. A key distinction between the transportation of hazardous materials and of nonhazardous materials is the level of safety regulation. Two main types of regulation apply to all transportation: economic and safety. For hazardous materials, safety regulation involves the regulation that applies to nonhazardous materials plus rules specific to the hazards that hazardous materials pose.

Matters relevant to the transport of hazardous materials in the United States are addressed in this article. Various transport modes are reviewed and required shipping documents are explained. Regulation of hazardous and nonhazardous materials transportation, including federal and state transportation, economic, and safety regulation, are discussed.
Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design
Authors: Belfiore Laurence A. , Gómez‐García Miguel‐Ángel
Published: June 2018

When the thermal and mass transfer boundary layers on the outside of a catalytic pellet provide significant resistances to heat and mass transfer between the pellet and the bulk gas stream moving through a packed bed, reactor design strategies must account for these rate processes to develop accurate predictions of reactor performance. It is necessary to relate temperature and reactant conversion in the bulk gas phase to their counterparts on the external surface of the catalytic pellets. Volumetrically averaged rates of reactant consumption throughout the catalyst can be predicted in terms of the effectiveness factor and the kinetic rate law that employs temperature and molar densities on the external surface of the pellet. The methodology discussed in this chapter allows one to calculate temperature and species concentrations in the bulk gas stream and on the external surface of the catalytic pellet.

Nonisothermal design strategies are illustrated specifically for the gas‐phase synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen in fixed‐bed catalytic reactors. The classic Prater equation is modified to estimate the intrapellet temperature rise for exothermic reactions in macroporous catalysts by considering (i) thermal diffusion, (ii) the effect of collision integrals on ordinary molecular diffusion coefficients, and (iii) temperature effects on the enthalpy change for chemical reaction. The high‐pressure synthesis of ammonia in fixed‐bed catalytic reactors is discussed via effectiveness factor calculations for Maxwell‐Stefan multicomponent diffusion in restricted pores at small Knudsen numbers when the gas mixture exhibits significant thermodynamic nonidealities according to the Peng‐Robinson equation of state.
An experimental demonstration of AAB renewal in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Cohenour Jessica M. , Volkert Valerie M. , Allen Keith D.
Published: June 2018

Operant renewal is a return of extinguished behavior due to changes in contextual stimuli that control the occurrence or nonoccurrence of a response. Well‐established in classical conditioning and operant research, renewal presents itself in three forms—ABA, ABC, and AAB—and poses threats to treatment maintenance where extinction procedures are utilized. As AAB renewal may be less likely to occur than ABA or ABC renewal, the current study sought to determine if AAB renewal would occur with three participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder who were taught a simple lever pull response. Results showed that lever pulls increased for two of three participants when we introduced novel stimuli (i.e., a light and a buzzer) to alter the contextual environment after extinction. These findings suggest that AAB renewal may account for some instances of response recovery after extinction and that the procedure of this study may be beneficial to the further study of renewal and the variables that affect its occurrence within a translational model.
Topical brimonidine reduces IPL‐induced erythema without affecting efficacy: A randomized controlled trial in patients with facial telangiectasias
Authors: Vissing Anne‐Cathrine E. , Dierickx Christine , Karmisholt Katrine E. , Haedersdal Merete
Published: June 2018

Background

Laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) are standard symptomatic treatments for superficial telangiectasias, but postoperative erythema, oedema, and pain may prolong downtime.

Objectives

To investigate whether topical brimonidine reduces IPL‐induced inflammation in patients with moderate to severe facial telangiectasias.

Methods

A randomized, two‐centre, single‐blinded, split‐face trial on adjuvant brimonidine and air‐cooling versus air‐cooling alone (control) in 19 patients treated in Denmark (n = 10 patients) and Belgium (n = 9). Brimonidine was applied to the allocated side after each of three facial IPL‐treatments, given at 3‐week intervals. Patients were assessed up to 1 month after the final treatment. Outcome measures included blinded clinical on‐site evaluation of erythema and oedema (5‐point‐scales), objective erythema‐scores (red‐filter analysis), patient‐evaluated pain (Visual Analogue Scale), IPL‐efficacy (blinded photo‐evaluation of telangiectasia clearance), and patient preference.

Results

In total, 19 patients were enrolled and completed the study. IPL induced moderate to severe erythema after each treatment. Application of brimonidine, reduced erythema to baseline values compared to air‐cooling alone and sustained efficacy 24 hours after treatment (median difference reduction: score 1 at each assessment, P ≤ 0.022). Objective erythema‐scores supported clinical findings, demonstrating a median erythema reduction of 50–95% after application of brimonidine and air‐cooling compared to 9–28% reduction after air‐cooling alone (P ≥ 0.002). No difference in reduction of IPL‐induced oedema was observed between facial sides (P ≥ 0.227). Brimonidine and air‐cooling slightly and consistently reduced postoperative pain compared to air‐cooling alone (VAS 1.0 after brimonidine versus VAS 1.5–2.0 after air‐cooling alone at treatment 1–3, P ≤ 0.032). At 1‐month follow‐up, patients experienced excellent clearance of telangiectasias (75–100% clearance) on both facial sides (P = 1.000). Patient preference supported clinical data and 79% of patients preferred brimonidine to control (P = 0.019).

Conclusion

Compared to air‐cooling alone, adjuvant brimonidine reduces IPL‐induced erythema and associated pain while maintaining a high IPL‐efficacy. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:1002–1009, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of two cosmetic compounds on the growth, biofilm formation activity, and surface properties of acneic strains of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Gannesen Andrei V. , Borrel Valerie , Lefeuvre Luc , Netrusov Alexander I. , Plakunov Vladimir K. , Feuilloley Marc G. J.
Published: June 2018

Increasing popularity of preservative‐free cosmetics necessitates in‐depth research, specifically as bacteria can react to local factors by important metabolic changes. In this respect, investigating the effect of cosmetic preparations on pathogenic strains of commensal species such as acneic forms of Cutibacterium acnes (former Propionibacterium acnes) and bacteria behaving both as commensals and opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus is of major interest. In this study, we studied the effect of commonly used cosmetics, Uriage™ thermal water (UTW) and a rhamnose‐rich polysaccharide (PS291®) on RT4 and RT5 acneic strains of C. acnes and a cutaneous strain of S. aureus. UTW affected the growth kinetic of acneic C. acnes essentially by increasing its generation time and reducing its biomass, whereas only the S. aureus final biomass was decreased. PS291 had more marginal effects. Both compounds showed a marked antibiofilm activity on C. acnes and S. aureus. For S. aureus that appeared essentially due to inhibition of initial adhesion. Cosmetics did not modify the metabolic activity of bacteria. Both C. acnes and S. aureus showed marked hydrophobic surface properties. UTW and PS291 had limited effect on C. acnes but increased the hydrophobic character of S. aureus. This work underlines the effect of cosmetics on cutaneous bacteria and the potential limitations of preservative‐free products.
Metagenomic insights into the roles of Proteobacteria in the gastrointestinal microbiomes of healthy dogs and cats
Authors: Moon Christina D. , Young Wayne , Maclean Paul H. , Cookson Adrian L. , Bermingham Emma N.
Published: June 2018

Interests in the impact of the gastrointestinal microbiota on health and wellbeing have extended from humans to that of companion animals. While relatively fewer studies to date have examined canine and feline gut microbiomes, analysis of the metagenomic DNA from fecal communities using next‐generation sequencing technologies have provided insights into the microbes that are present, their function, and potential to contribute to overall host nutrition and health. As carnivores, healthy dogs and cats possess fecal microbiomes that reflect the generally higher concentrations of protein and fat in their diets, relative to omnivores and herbivores. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are highly abundant, and Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria also feature prominently. Proteobacteria is the most diverse bacterial phylum and commonly features in the fecal microbiota of healthy dogs and cats, although its reputation is often sullied as its members include a number of well‐known opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter, which may impact the health of the host and its owner. Furthermore, in other host species, high abundances of Proteobacteria have been associated with dysbiosis in hosts with metabolic or inflammatory disorders. In this review, we seek to gain further insight into the prevalence and roles of the Proteobacteria within the gastrointestinal microbiomes of healthy dogs and cats. We draw upon the growing number of metagenomic DNA sequence‐based studies which now allow us take a culture‐independent approach to examine the functions that this more minor, yet important, group contribute to normal microbiome function.
Roux Stasis Syndrome and Gastric Food Stasis After Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy with Uncut Roux‐en‐Y Reconstruction in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Park Young Suk , Shin Dong Joon , Son Sang‐Yong , Kim Ki‐Hyun , Park Dong Jin , Ahn Sang‐Hoon , Park Do Joong , Kim Hyung‐Ho
Published: June 2018

Background

Uncut Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy (uRYGJ) was developed to prevent slow peristalsis in the Roux limb after Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy (RYGJ). This study compared the incidence of Roux stasis syndrome (RSS) and severe gastric food stasis in gastric cancer patients who underwent RYGJ or uRYGJ after laparoscopic curative distal gastrectomy.

Methods

Between January 2006 and June 2012, 319 patients underwent RYGJ or uRYGJ. After covariates were adjusted by propensity score matching, 39 patients in the RYGJ group and 65 patients in the uRYGJ group were included in the final analysis. RSS was defined as the presence of symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal fullness, requiring refasting without ileus or obstruction within 30 days post‐surgery. Gastric food stasis was measured endoscopically at 1 and 3 years after gastrectomy.

Results

Operative outcomes and morbidities were similar between the two groups, whereas the incidence of RSS was higher in the RYGJ group than in the uRYGJ group, although the difference was not significant (7.7 vs. 0%; odds ratio (OR) 0.157; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0–1.059, p = 0.111). Comparison of endoscopic findings revealed that severe gastric stasis 1 year after surgery was significantly less frequent in the uRYGJ group (46.2 vs. 13.8%; OR 0.247; 95% CI 0.102–0.599, p = 0.002). The same result was reproduced 3 years after surgery (39.4 vs. 15.5%; OR 0.279; 95% CI 0.088–0.882, p = 0.030).

Conclusions

Compared with RYGJ, uRYGJ after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is a safe and effective procedure for preventing severe postoperative gastric food stasis.
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Social Anxiety
Authors: Chesham Rachel K. , Malouff John M. , Schutte Nicola S.
Published: June 2018

Social anxiety is a common, debilitating psychological problem. In the present study, two meta-analyses examined the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety. The first meta-analysis tested whether virtual reality exposure therapy reduces social anxiety more than a waitlist control condition. The results of the first meta-analysis, consisting of six studies and 233 participants, showed a significant overall effect size, indicating that virtual reality exposure therapy was effective in reducing social anxiety. The second meta-analysis tested whether the standard treatment for social anxiety, which includes in vivo or imaginal exposure, leads to greater effects than virtual reality exposure therapy. The second meta-analysis, consisting of seven studies and 340 total participants, showed essentially no difference in effect sizes between virtual reality exposure and in vivo or imaginal exposure. The results of the two meta-analyses support the use of virtual reality in the treatment of social anxiety.
Cholesteatoma in children and adults: are there really any differences?
Authors: Jackson R , Addison A B , Prinsley P R
Published: June 2018

Background

Cholesteatoma is widely considered to be more aggressive in children than adults, yet few studies have directly compared the operative findings and surgical outcomes between these two groups. This study aimed to assess differences between childhood and adult cholesteatoma.

Methods

The operative caseload of a single consultant surgeon was reviewed between January 2006 and May 2017 using the online Common Otology Audit database. Extracted data were categorised according to patient age (children, aged below 16 years, and adults, aged 16 years or over) and compared.

Results

This study included data from 71 operations on children and 281 operations on adults, performed for cholesteatoma. Childhood cholesteatoma demonstrated significantly more extension (into the sinus tympani, mastoid antrum and mastoid air cells) and ossicular erosion (of the malleus, incus and stapes superstructure) compared to adults. No significant differences were seen in revision rates, post-operative complications or hearing gain.

Conclusion

Childhood cholesteatoma was more extensive and destructive compared to adults, representing a more aggressive disease in this cohort.
Selection of the appropriate cochlear electrode array using a specifically developed research software application
Authors: Stefanescu E H , Motoi S
Published: June 2018

Objective

To evaluate the usefulness and reliability of a research software application for the estimation of an individual's cochlear duct length as a basis for electrode selection.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, 21 consecutive patients (23 ears) implanted with a cochlear electrode were investigated. The study comprised 19 children (2 bilateral) and 2 adults.

Results

The measured ‘A’ distances (the largest distance from the round window to the contralateral wall) corresponded to cochlear duct lengths of 28.5–36.4 mm. The mean cochlear duct length was 34.05 ± 1.72 mm (33.60 ± 2.27 mm in females and 34.35 ± 1.27 mm in males). Full insertion was achieved in all but two cases. No misplaced electrode array or electrode fold-over was detected. In all but three ears, the electrode was chosen based on the research software application's indication.

Conclusion

The results show a good correlation between the pre-operatively predicted insertion depths using the software application and those post-operatively measured using X-ray. The insertion length predicted by the software was always longer than that measured via X-ray.
Torture and Laughter: Naxal insurgency, custodial violence, and inmate resistance in a women's correctional facility in 1970s Calcutta
Authors: SEN ATREYEE
Published: June 2018

This article explores the politics of surveillance, suppression, and resistance within a women's correctional facility in 1970s Calcutta, a city in eastern India. I highlight the excessively violent treatment of women political prisoners, who were captured and tortured for their active participation in a Maoist guerrilla (Naxal) movement. I argue that the state officials who formed the lowest rung of the government's machinery to supress the movement—the police, prison guards, and wardens—partially usurped these carceral worlds during conditions of social unrest to create small regimes of de facto sovereignty over prison publics. During that critical period in the history of political uprising in the region, the central government coercively implemented a series of ‘constitutional actions’ in the name of internal security threats and withdrew civil liberties from Indian citizens. Political opponents were captured and imprisoned, and prisons became a space for licensed excess. I show how women political prisoners cooperated and conspired with women convicts (the latter having nurtured their own coping skills and structures to deal with persecution and negligence while in the detention system) to develop multiple forms of resistance to the extra-legal use of authority in prison, especially in the context of a volatile socio-political environment in the city.
Patterns of diagnostic transition in eating disorders: a longitudinal population study in Sweden
Authors: Schaumberg Katherine , Jangmo Andreas , Thornton Laura M. , Birgegård Andreas , Almqvist Catarina , Norring Claes , Larsson Henrik , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: June 2018

Background

Transition across eating disorder diagnoses is common, reflecting instability of specific eating disorder presentations. Previous studies have examined temporal stability of diagnoses in adult treatment-seeking samples but have not uniformly captured initial presentation for treatment. The current study examines transitions across eating disorder diagnostic categories in a large, treatment-seeking sample of individuals born in Sweden and compares these transitions across two birth cohorts and from initial diagnosis.

Methods

Data from Swedish eating disorders quality registers were extracted in 2013, including 9622 individuals who were seen at least twice from 1999 to 2013. Patterns of remission were examined in the entire sample and subsequently compared across initial diagnoses. An older (born prior to 1990) and younger birth cohort were also identified, and analyses compared these cohorts on patterns of diagnostic transition.

Results

Although diagnostic instability was common, transition between threshold eating disorder diagnoses was infrequent. For all diagnoses, transition to remission was likely to occur following a diagnosis state that matched initial diagnosis, or through a subthreshold diagnostic state. Individuals in the younger cohort were more likely to transition to a state of remission than those in the older cohort.

Conclusions

Results indicate more temporal continuity in eating disorder presentations than suggested by previous research and highlight the importance of early detection and intervention in achieving remission.
Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: The Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt
Authors: OBREGÓN LILIANA
Published: June 2018

Before 1492, European feudal practices racialized subjects in order to dispossess, enslave and colonize them. Enslavement of different peoples was a centuries old custom authorized by the law of nations and fundamental to the economies of empire. Manumission, though exceptional, helped to sustain slavery because it created an expectation of freedom, despite the fact that the freed received punitive consequences. In the sixteenth century, as European empires searched for cheaper and more abundant sources of labour with which to exploit their colonies, the Atlantic slave trade grew exponentially as slaves became equated with racialized subjects.

This article presents the case of Haiti as an example of continued imperial practices sustained by racial capitalism and the law of nations. In 1789, half a million slaves overthrew their French masters from the colony of Saint Domingue. After decades of defeating recolonization efforts and the loss of almost half their population and resources, Haitian leaders believed their declared independence of 1804 was insufficient, so in 1825 they reluctantly accepted recognition by France while being forced to pay an onerous indemnity debt. Though Haiti was manumitted through the promise of a debt payment, at the same time the new state was re-enslaved as France's commercial colony. The indemnity debt had consequences for Haiti well into the current century, as today Haiti is one of the poorest and most dependent nations in the world.
“My French is rusty”: Proficiency and bilingual gesture use in a majority English community
Authors: AZIZ JASMINE R. , NICOLADIS ELENA
Published: June 2018

Gestures serve many functions, including aiding language access and message construction, particularly in spatial tasks. Some researchers have argued that gesture frequency is linked to proficiency in bilinguals, although results have been inconsistent. We tested Nicoladis’ (2007) proposal that bilinguals’ proficiency interacts with task: namely, more spatial tasks elicit greater proficiency effects. French–English bilinguals completed a cartoon-retell task (high spatial) and an interview task (low spatial) in both languages. We measured bilingual proficiency categorically by first language (L1) and continuously by assessing receptive vocabulary, oral fluency, and word types. Participants gestured more in the cartoon-retell task, but there were minimal proficiency effects and no interactions between proficiency and task. Interestingly, only participants with English as their L1 gestured more in their second language (L2), potentially due to ‘rustiness’, or lexical access difficulties in French from low usage in the majority English community.
AN ARITHMETIC EQUIVALENCE OF THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS
Authors: DELÉGLISE MARC , NICOLAS JEAN-LOUIS
Published: June 2018

Let $h(n)$ denote the largest product of distinct primes whose sum does not exceed $n$. The main result of this paper is that the property for all $n\geq 1$, we have $\log h(n)<\sqrt{\text{li}^{-1}(n)}$ (where $\text{li}^{-1}$ denotes the inverse function of the logarithmic integral) is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis.