bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating
Machine Common Sense
Authors: Santos Henrique , Shen Ke , Mulvehill Alice M. , Kejriwal Mayank , McGuinness Deborah L.
Published: October 2023

Achieving machine common sense has been a longstanding problem within Artificial Intelligence. Thus far, benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous, semantic evaluations of common sense reasoning (CSR) systems have been lacking. One expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbolic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards more dependable systems with common sense. We propose a novel benchmark, called Theoretically Grounded common sense Reasoning (TG-CSR), modeled as a set of question answering instances, with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense, such as space, time, and emotions. The benchmark is few-shot i.e., only a few training and validation examples are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of overfitting. Results from recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical models. Due to its semantic rigor, this benchmark can be used to evaluate the common sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-symbolic systems.
Beckett’s Prose Fiction and Waiting for Godot
Authors: Engelberts Matthijs
Published: October 2023

Waiting for Godot is not often presented as homologous with Beckett’s narrative fiction. However, a close consideration of the status of the boy(s) in the play shows that the drama text undermines the dichotomy between inner and outer world, which Beckett was addressing in comparable ways in his novels and art criticism.
Mapping Postcolonial Marginalisation and Reactive/Adaptive Models of Masculinity
Authors: Mutekwa Anias
Published: October 2023

This article examines the representation of postcolonial marginalisation and adaptive/reactive models of masculinity in NoViolet Bulawayo’s novel, We Need New Names. It focuses on the representations of masculinities in the text and their ramifications and entanglements at the global, regional and local levels. The analysis is mediated via a triangulation of the concepts of hegemonic masculinity, masculine (over)compensation and masculine hybridisation. It establishes that a culture of both hegemony and domination mediates and permeates masculine relations resulting in the enactment of reactive and adaptive responses in the form of both masculine (over)compensation and masculine hybridisation. These responses are mainly enacted by those subaltern masculinities who are at the receiving end of domination and hegemony. Additionally, these responses favour the enhancement of male domination and/or patriarchy as opposed to gender equality. They also do not favour the promotion of a culture of tolerance, democracy and/or human rights discourses that are central to the realities of much of the contemporary world.
Introduction
Authors: Koerber Amy , Starkey Jesse C. , Ardon-Dryer Karin , Cummins R. Glenn , Eko Lyombe , Kee Kerk F.
Published: October 2023

In the ‘Introduction,’ Amy Koerber lays the groundwork for understanding the complexities of the academic publishing landscape. Likening the scholarly knowledge production process to reality television, this chapter gives a glimpse at the elaborate tangle of players and scenarios academic authors need to navigate in order to publish their research. This chapter introduces the term “predatory publishing” and gives a brief overview of how the term entered the academic publishing scene, along with other relevant sources that explore the topic. The complex case of the publisher, MDPI, is shared to show how new publishers are disrupting the traditional academic publishing models and creating an environment where authors need to use a range of tools and techniques to ensure their work will be published and archived properly. This chapter also explains other potential pitfalls (e.g., fake peer review) that authors must be aware of, before presenting an argument that inclusivity and diversity must be included in discussions about equitable knowledge production distribution in the global flow of academic research. The chapter concludes with an overview of the rest of the chapters in the volume.
1. Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues in the Knowledge Creation Paradigm: The Case of OMICS International, Open Access, and ‘Predatory’ Publishing
Authors: Eko Lyombe , Koerber Amy , Starkey Jesse C. , Ardon-Dryer Karin , Cummins R. Glenn , Kee Kerk F.
Published: October 2023

In Chapter 1, ‘Ethical, Legal, and Policy Issues in the Knowledge Creation Paradigm: The Case of OMICS International, Open Access, and ‘Predatory’ Publishing,’ Lyombe Eko explores the ethical, policy, and legal issues brought to the forefront by the so-called predatory publishing and predatory conferences industry, using as a case study the legal actions taken by the United States government agency, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) against OMICS Group, Inc., and its affiliates in federal court. After providing an overview and legal analysis of the FTC v. OMICS Group case, the author invites readers to consider how this litigation might forever transform the realities of ethical, legal, and economic dimensions of scholarly publishing. Viewing predatory publishing from an economic perspective, in particular, raises important questions about who profits from predatory publishing and predatory conferences. This presents an opportunity to consider the different motivations at play in this complex game of ‘pay to play’ or ‘pay to publish trash,’ as the Indian government calls it.
Retracted article: Barbarism – The Active Dystopia
Authors: Palmer Jack
Published: October 2023

This is a retracted article, whose corrected version, bearing the same title, is avalaible under the DOI:  https://doi.org/10.11649/slh.3125. The article was corrected on request of the author, who noted that some of his corrections had not been introduced in the text. The publisher sincerely apologises for the oversight. In this article, I argue that dystopia also has an ambivalently “active” function in Bauman’s sociology. Across his work, as a counter-image to the “active utopia” of socialism, the traces of the “active dystopia” can be tracked, defined as a pointed elucidation of the possibilities for barbarism latent within the present, the clearest expression of which is presented in Modernity and the Holocaust (1989). The article proceeds roughly in three steps. Firstly, I revisit the arguments in Bauman’s foundational cultural and critical sociology that developed alongside his revisionist reading of Marxism in the 1960s and 1970s, on epistemologies of the future, common sense and the limitations of the predictive ambitions of social science. Then, I develop a particular focus on an unpublished, though essential, typescript entitled “Is the Science of the Possible Possible?”, suggesting that it is usefully read in terms of the emphasis on possibility and potentiality in Modernity and the Holocaust. Throughout these sections, I intersperse a reading of Modernity and the Holocaust in the light of this foundational work, presenting it as an exemplary form of critical sociology as active dystopia, which elucidates the possibility for barbarism residing within modern societies. Finally, I consider how his thinking situates him in a lineage of critical thought animated by the “active dystopia”, arguing that what is often mistaken for gloominess and pessimism is, in fact, a crucial resource for sociology in its speculative imagination of possible futures.
Electrospinning drafting system for polyamide 6 and polyamide 6.6 nanofiber production
Authors: Belino NJR , Barata TRA , Paul Roshan
Published: October 2023

Electrospinning or electrostatic spinning is a straightforward, economical and unique method to produce novel fibers with diameters in the range of 100 nm and even less. However, this process is characterized by uncontrolled and chaotic oscillation of the charged electrospinning jet, which leads to the formation of beads, beaded fibers and uneven nanofibers. This research work aims at the development of an electrospinning system to control the deposition of electrospun nanofibers of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 6.6 (PA6.6) through the use of a series of metal rings, along the charged jet path, and the addition of a secondary direct current voltage power supply connected to these metal rings, which enables greater control over the polymer jet stream. In the present work, the effects of the addition of the charged metal rings with different applied voltages and some electrospinning parameters on the morphological appearance and average size diameter of the electrospun PA6 and PA6.6 fibers are investigated. The use of the developed electrospinning system with metal rings connected to the second power supply with increasing voltages proved to be successful in obtaining thinner PA6 and PA6.6 nanofibers with a lower standard deviation and the formation of few beads.
Modified Intravenous Cannula Ventilation Tubes for Otic Barotrauma Prevention
Authors: Yii Matthew , Rowson Antonia , Truong Michelle , Tan Hannah , Kilby Joseph , Gan Chrisdan , Webb Howard , Hill Fiona
Published: October 2023

Objectives: Middle ear barotrauma is a common complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). Tympanostomy tube placement prevents barotrauma by facilitating middle ear equalization. We describe variations on techniques published by Mooney et al and Zhang et al for placing modified peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) ventilation tubes, which can be performed at the bedside under topical anesthesia. We aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technique when performed to prevent otic barotrauma in patients undergoing HBOT. Methods: We performed an analytical observational study at a tertiary metropolitan Australian hospital with a state-wide adult hyperbaric service between 2018 and 2022. Patients were identified via unit audits. Patient, HBOT, and procedural factors were analyzed against complications using Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction and simple logistic regression. Results: Over 4 years, 112 patients (220 ears) underwent modified PIVC ventilation tube insertion. Mean age was 58.6 years (95% CI: 55.7-61.6, SD: 15.9). Thirty-eight patients (33.9%) were female, 74 (66.1%) were male. Thirty-four ears (15.5%) had preexisting barotrauma at the time of tympanostomy tube insertion. Patients underwent a mean of 11.5 dives (95% CI: 9.0-14.0, SD: 13.4), with ventilation tubes being required for a mean of 15.0 days (95% CI: 9.0-14.0, SD: 24.0) to complete HBOT. Fourteen ventilation tubes (6.4%) developed blockage during HBOT, and 12 (5.5%) prematurely extruded. Sixteen ears (7.3%) required reinsertion of ventilation tubes. Nine ears (4.1%) suffered barotrauma despite ventilation tube insertion. Conclusions: Otic barotrauma prophylaxis is paramount for safety during HBOT. We describe a safe, effective, and convenient technique for barotrauma prevention using modified PIVCs.
Authentic cult: media representations of cultural consumption and legitimization of cultural hierarchies
Authors: Heřmanová Marie
Published: October 2023

The article explores legitimization strategies related to cultural consumption in the Czech media space by comparing the representations of cultural products in influencer communication on social media and in legacy (print and online) media outlets. Departing from the theoretical debate on the intersection of cultural omnivorousness and the emergence of algorithmic culture, the article poses the question: what strategies do influencers on social media and journalists in legacy media outlets employ to present consumption of cultural products as legitimate, interesting, and cool? Based on qualitative content analysis of 10 Instagram profiles of prominent Czech influencers and culture sections of 10 Czech legacy media, it discusses two main discursive legitimization strategies: (1) the notion of authenticity, used by social media influencers and (2) the notion of cult, used by legacy media in two distinctive ways – as (a) legendary, part of the pop cultural canon and (b) new, contemporary, part of up-to-date cultural savviness.
Exploring the visual distinguishability and topic autocorrelation of murals unearthed in China from the spatial perspective
Authors: Sun Shouqiang , Zeng Ziming , Li Qingqing
Published: October 2023

Murals unearthed in China have outstanding regional characteristics and one of the largest period spans in scale and variety. To explore the visual distinguishability and topic autocorrelation of murals unearthed in China from the spatial perspective, multiple classification models are employed to classify murals unearthed in China through visual features. Then, the k-means is employed to mine topics, and they are analysed through topic intensities (TIs), Moran’s Index (MI) and spatial topic concentration degrees (STCDs). In addition, the characteristics of topic distribution and evolution are summarised and revealed in the spatial dimension. From a spatial perspective, it verifies the distinguishability of visual features of murals through ViT_BOW_GNB, and the precision of this model is 98.17%. Thirteen topics are clustered through k-means, and the distribution of mural topics is spatial autocorrelation according to MI. Besides, the topic evolves from the political centre to the surrounding area, and the topics with high intensities are highly concentrated in spatial. This study reveals the spatial characteristics of the mural at the level of visual features and semantics, which facilitates the digital management, conservation and knowledge discovery of cultural heritage resources.
A design of 2-DoFs spherical parallel manipulator with adjustable workspace
Authors: Kim Sooyoung , Joe Seonggun , Nardin Anderson B. , Kim Byungkyu
Published: October 2023

Spherical parallel manipulators (SPMs) have promising industrial applications due to their strong mechanical performance. However, they face challenges such as singularity avoidance, tight tolerance manufacturing requirements, and the need for versatile and dexterous end-effector functionalities. Additionally, SPMs lack customizability due to singularity and collision issues. This work introduces a novel design principle that addresses these challenges by benchmarking two analytical methods: structural synthesis using screw theory and dimensional synthesis using dimensionless parameters. A proof of concept of a 2-DoF SPM that can operate within a cylindrical constraint and realize a full workspace without collision is presented. This design allows for adjustable reachable workspace at the end-effector, despite significant geometric constraints. These findings on mechanical design solutions provide customizability for SPMs, and a 3D model with an aspect ratio of 1/12 is presented and discussed for potential practical applications. Overall, it is identified that both a simulation using Recurdyn and inverse kinematic model show the desired movements at the moving platform with the maximum error of 0.0013°.
Corrosion inhibitive effect of organic dyestuffs towards API 5L X56 steel and its structural features evaluation
Authors: Thangagiri Baskaran , Jeyasubramanian K , Sakthivel A , Sonia Pankaj , Saravana Sathiya Prabhahar R , Sunil BDY , Gupta Manish
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a report on the corrosion resistance behaviour of organic corrosion inhibitors like titan yellow (1) and hydroxyl naphthol blue (2) on API 5L X56 steel in 3.5% NaCl as a corrosive medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation methods were used in the investigation. The protective film-forming tendency of inhibitor 1 and 2 on steel surfaces was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The quantity of metallic iron dissolved in the corroding medium was validated through inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. The adsorption behaviour of inhibitors 1 and 2 on steel surfaces in a corrosive environment follows the Langmuir isotherm. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation results indicate that both 1 and 2 act as inhibitors in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Further, an increase in the water contact angle as well as a decrease in iron content in the solution by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry explains the corrosion resistance behaviour of the steel towards the protection of underground pipelines, and industrial equipment.
Viability and performance assessment of bipolar linear self-servo mechanism-based Maglev electrical discharge machining by processing Al-6062 alloy
Authors: Kar Siddhartha , Sahoo Rajesh
Published: October 2023

The enhancement of process efficiency and eradication of basic setbacks of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) process has paved the way for its technological advancement. The discharge irregularities observed during conventional EDM operation due to servo-feedback delay have been addressed by implementing a novel bipolar linear self-servo strategy in Maglev EDM. The paper evaluates the viability of the novel Maglev EDM and analyses its performance in machining aluminum (Al) 6062 alloy. The Maglev EDM uses a systematic combination of magnetic repulsive forces to attain tool positioning in the Z-direction, which serves as the servo gap control mechanism. Experiments were carried out on Al-6062 alloy by utilizing brass tools and surrounding air as dielectric. The voltage–current waveforms exhibited stable and uniform discharges devoid of the short-circuiting and arcing phenomenon. Material removal rate, specific energy, and centerline average surface roughness of 6.717 µg/s, 2.397 J/µg, and 3.735 to 4.507 µm were attained at a discharge power of 16.1 J/s, proving the operational viability of the Maglev EDM. The experimental results were further compared with data available in the previously reported literature. Resolidified layers, globules, lumps of debris, melted debris, micro-pores, micro-voids, micro-cracks, and craters were detected from field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis of the processed work surface. The existence of tool material in the processed surface by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis certified the material migration and surface alloying.
Holocene transformation of natural steppe into an agricultural landscape in the Polabí and Pojizeří Lowlands, Czech Republic, based on mollusc evidence
Authors: Horáčková Jitka , Podroužková Štěpánka , Juřičková Lucie
Published: October 2023

Recent zonal steppes of Eastern Europe and South-West Asia have their origin in the glacial steppe with its specific continental climate. The westernmost edge of the steppe belt in Central Europe has been climatically shifted from a continental course during the Last Glacial to a rather oceanic one during the Holocene. Steppe enclaves could survive only locally in the driest parts of this area, but as we have confirmed, early arrival of Neolithic agriculture played a significant role in their preservation as well. While pollen analyses can provide the main pattern of landscape development, mollusc successions provide more information about landscape details we need for a better understanding of a steppe transformation towards the recent agricultural ecosystems. Based on the study of 18 mollusc successions in two neighbouring lowlands in the chernozems and alluvial areas of Central and North Bohemia, we described a postglacial development of these two climatically different agricultural landscapes. Based on mollusc evidence, we illustrated the impoverishment of forest communities and the continual occurrence of open habitats throughout the forest climatic optimum of the Holocene. Since the Neolithic colonisation, several erosion events were observed in many profiles documented by a lack of preserved fossil molluscs and layer redeposition which are in excellent agreement with the reconstruction of the fluvial sedimentation and vegetation in the Elbe River floodplain and with the continual settlement of this area. Because we have evidence of a fully developed forest fauna in the Eem interglacial from the Polabí lowland we know that the impoverishment of forest communities and the occurrence of open habitats during the interglacial forest climatic optimum is characteristic only of the Holocene.
“You Feel Like You Did Something So Wrong”: Women's Experiences of a Loved One's Child Sexual Abuse Material Offending
Authors: Salter Michael , Woodlock Delanie , Jones Christian
Published: October 2023

This article examines the experiences of female partners and relatives of child sexual abuse material offenders and the (il)legibility of their experiences within prevailing theoretical frameworks and policy responses to violence against women. Drawing on survey and interview data with clients of a specialist support agency, we situate the lack of understanding and support available to these women within the systematic depoliticization of child sexual abuse. The article traces how women developed their own social critique of child sexual exploitation as a form of gendered violence and called for a feminist reengagement with the politics of child sexual abuse.
Endovascular Recanalization of Aortic Isthmus Atresia with an “Electrified Wire Technique”
Authors: Arulrajah Kugarajah , Spanos Konstantinos , Panuccio Giuseppe , Gandet Thomas , Rickers Carsten , Kölbel Tilo
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

For aortic coarctation in adults endovascular repair is the treatment of choice with an acceptable safety profile. Aortic isthmus atresia is a related condition with a complete occlusion of the aorta not allowing catheterization across the isthmus. This technical note describes a recanalization of an aortic isthmus atresia using radiofrequency with an “electrified wire technique.”

Technique:

A guidewire was selectively denuded of PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) at the distal end and was placed through a catheter distal to the aortic isthmus atresia. The denuded end of the wire was clamped to an electrosurgery pencil. By pushing the wire toward a tulip-snare, which was placed as a target proximal of the occlusion via left trans-brachial access, and shortly activating of the electrosurgery pencil the electrified wire recanalized the occlusion and was snared and used to guide implantation of a balloon-expandable covered stent.

Conclusion:

The electrified wire puncture technique can be used to recanalize adult aortic isthmus atresia after failed conventional attempts.

Clinical Impact

The electrified wire technique offers an off-the shelf option to modify standard guidewires for the use with radiofrequency to cross a complete aortic isthmus occlusion after failed conventional attempts. This new technique may be applied also in other situations like dissection flap fenestration, transcaval access and similar.
Ethical Considerations for Engaging Children and Adolescents Living with HIV in Research in African Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gillette Emma , Nyandiko Winstone , Chory Ashley , Scanlon Michael , Aluoch Josephine , Choudhury Nandini , Lagat Daniel , Ashimosi Celestine , Biegon Whitney , Munyoro Dennis , Lidweye Janet , Nyagaya Jack , Wilets Ilene , DeLong Allison , Kantor Rami , Vreeman Rachel , Naanyu Violet
Published: October 2023

Research engaging children and adolescents living with HIV (CALWH) is critical for youth-friendly services and HIV care, and researchers need to ensure that such engagement is ethical. We conducted a systematic review to identify key ethical considerations for the engagement of CALWH in research. The review focused on primary research articles conducted in African countries that examined ethical issues in CALWH engaged in research. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria; the following seven key domains were extracted: 1) justifications for engaging CALWH in research; 2) community involvement; 3) informed consent/assent; 4) caregiver involvement; 5) perceptions of benefits; 6) perception of the risks of involvement; and 7) confidentiality. These domains can inform the ethical engagement of CALWH in research.
Tumor response assessment by measuring the single largest lesion per organ in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor
Authors: He Li-Na , Chen Tao , Fu Sha , Jiang Yongluo , Zhang Xuanye , Chen Chen , Du Wei , Luo Linfeng , Li Anlin , Wang Yixing , Yu Hui , Zhou Yixin , Wang Yuhong , Yang Yunpeng , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Fang Wenfeng , Zhang Li , Hong Shaodong
Published: October 2023

Background:

For Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST1.1), measuring up to two target lesions per organ is an arbitrary criterion.

Objectives:

We sought to compare response assessment using RECIST1.1 and modified RECIST1.1 (mRECIST1.1, measuring the single largest lesion per organ) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy.

Methods:

Concordance of radiologic response categorization between RECIST1.1 and mRECIST1.1 was compared using the Kappa statistics. C-index was calculated to evaluate prognostic accuracy of radiologic response by the two criteria. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were conducted for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:

Eighty-seven patients who had at least two target lesions in any organ per the RECIST1.1 were eligible for comparison analysis. Tumor response showed excellent concordance when measured using the RECIST1.1 and mRECIST1.1 (Kappa = 0.961). C-index by these two criteria was similar for PFS (0.784 versus 0.785) and OS (0.649 versus 0.652). Responders had significantly longer PFS and OS versus non-responders ( p < 0.05), whichever criterion adopted. Radiologic response remained a significant predictor of PFS and OS in multivariate analysis ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The mRECIST1.1 was comparable to RECIST1.1 in response assessment among aNSCLC patients who received single-agent PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. The mRECIST1.1, with reduced number of lesions to be measured, may be sufficient and more convenient to assess antitumor activity in clinical practice.
Attitudes toward gender roles in child-rearing and their socioeconomic differentials in contemporary China
Authors: Yang Yichun
Published: October 2023

Gender inequality in the division of childcare between parents has long been a focal topic in the field of family and marriage research. Drawing on Chinese Childbearing and Parenting Intentions and Behaviors Survey (CCPIBS) and employing latent class analysis modeling strategies, this article examines attitudes toward gender roles in child-rearing among Chinese people and how they are shaped by socioeconomic determinants. The empirical findings show that the distribution of attitudes toward the gender division in childcare conforms to three ideal types: the traditional “mother-oriented” parenting style, the “father-oriented” parenting style, and the “parental collaboration” parenting style. Among these, the “mother-oriented” type continues to be predominant, but the “father-oriented” and “parental collaboration” types are gaining acceptance. The results also show that attitudes toward gender division in child-rearing are influenced by multiple socioeconomic determinants in contemporary China: educationally and occupationally advantaged groups, urban hukou holders, and younger cohorts are more likely to hold more egalitarian and liberal views regarding child-rearing, suggesting that trends in gender ideology in child-rearing could be explained using structural theories of attitudinal change.
Influence of Narrow Reading and Narrow Reading Plus Morphological Awareness Training on Vocabulary Development
Authors: Yuan Xin , Tang Jing
Published: October 2023

The present study sought to investigate the effects of narrow reading and a combination of narrow reading and morphological awareness training on intermediate Chinese college English learners’ vocabulary acquisition and retention. To these ends, 54 Chinese college English as foreign language learners (EFL) were randomly divided into three groups—a narrow reading group (NR group); a narrow reading plus morphological intervention group (NRMI group), and a control group (CR group). The two experimental groups read the same five thematically-related expository passages over 5 weeks with the NRMI group receiving extra morphological training; while the CR group read five texts on different topics over the same period of time. Linear mixed model analysis results indicated that while two treatment groups performed significantly better than the CR group on both receptive and productive vocabulary tests, the NRMI group improved the most in vocabulary learning.
Experiences of LGBTQ + Plastic Surgeons in the US and Canada
Authors: Newsom Keeley D. , Akhavan Arya A. , Tran Khoa D. , Chen Wendy , Peters Blair R. , Borschel Gregory H.
Published: October 2023

Background: The LGBTQ + community faces discrimination within the workplace, with growing evidence emerging about the mistreatment of LGBTQ + surgeon trainees. The purpose of this study was to better understand the experiences of LGBTQ + surgeons in plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS). Methods: A web-based survey was made available to all plastic surgeons who identified as LGBTQ + across the US and Canada from October 2021 to November 2022. The questionnaire used validated tools assessing “outness” and microaggressions, as well as rates of censorship of speech and/or mannerisms and experiences of discrimination. Outcomes were measured as frequencies and analyzed as a function of location (US vs Canada), gender identity (transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) versus cisgender), and level of training (attending vs in-training). Qualitative responses were also recorded. Results: A total of 43 self-identified LGBTQ + individuals engaged with the survey, 38 of which completed it (88%). Nearly all (96.8%) reported experiencing heteronormative microaggressions, 36.7% reported discrimination from plastic surgery attendings, and 73.3% censor themselves around Plastic Surgery attendings. TGD respondents were more likely to have experienced discrimination than cisgender respondents ( P < .01). One-third (33%) of respondents indicated that they hesitate to be out at their institution for fear of bias and/or discrimination. Conclusion: LGBTQ + plastic and reconstructive surgeons reported a significant amount of microaggressions, self-censorship, and discrimination while at work, and these experiences varied as a function of level of training and gender identity. PRS should strive to eliminate these mistreatments, educate its workforce, and address LGBTQ + underrepresentation within the field.
Updated Review Article: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor Impact, FDA Approval, and Resistance Pathways
Authors: Hunter Rodney J. , Park Jooyoung , Asprer Kristen J. , Doan Andrew H.
Published: October 2023

Objective: To describe the mechanism of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors, mechanisms of resistance, and summarize various clinical trials used to determine the efficacy and safety of CDK4/6 inhibitor used for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2−), advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Data Sources: An extensive literature search using PubMed and notable sources was performed (2016 to February 2022) using the following search terms: CDK4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, abemaciclib, ribociclib, CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, FAT1 gene, luminal A breast cancer, luminal B breast cancer, HR+/HER2− breast cancer. Abstracts from conferences, national clinical trials, and drug monographs were reviewed. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant clinical studies or those conducted in humans and updated clinical trials were considered. Data synthesis: The various clinical trials reviewed and results have led to numerous studies and expansions of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Although the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors has improved progression-free survival in patients with HR+, HER2− breast cancer, studies have shown that resistance pathways can cause cells to be insensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitors, leading to continued cell proliferation. Conclusions: CDK4/6 inhibitors are recommended as first-line therapy in combination with endocrine therapy for patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. However, mutations and acquired resistance can occur that affect a patient’s response to treatment. Additional research needs to be conducted on strategies to overcome resistance and determine how ethnicity plays a role in resistance pathways.
OsSTS, a Novel Allele of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4 (OsMKK4), Controls Grain Size and Salt Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Shen Lan , Guo Longbiao , Zhang Guangheng , Gao Zhenyu , Zhu Li , Hu Jiang , Dong Guojun , Ren Deyong , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Zeng Dali , Yan Changjie , Qian Qian
Published: October 2023

Soil salinization is one of the most common abiotic stresses of rice, which seriously affects the normal growth of rice. Breeding salt-tolerant varieties have become one of the important ways to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development. However, the mechanisms underlying salt tolerance control still need to be clarified. In this study, we identified a mutant, termed salt-tolerant and small grains(sts), with salt tolerance and small grains. Gene cloning and physiological and biochemical experiments reveal that sts is a novel mutant allele of Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Kinase 4 (OsMKK4), which controls the grain size, and has recently been found to be related to salt tolerance in rice. Functional analysis showed that OsSTS is constitutively expressed throughout the tissue, and its proteins are localized to the nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm. It was found that the loss of OsSTS function enhanced the salt tolerance of rice seedlings, and further studies showed that the loss of OsSTS function increased the ROS clearance rate of rice seedlings, independent of ionic toxicity. In order to explore the salt tolerance mechanism of sts, we found that the salt tolerance of sts is also regulated by ABA through high-throughput mRNA sequencing. Salt and ABA treatment showed that ABA might alleviate the inhibitory effect of salt stress on root length in sts. These results revealed new functions of grain size gene OsMKK4, expanded new research ideas related to salt tolerance mechanism and hormone regulation network, and provided a theoretical basis for salt-tolerant rice breeding.
Association between Yili goose sperm motility and expression profiles of mRNA and miRNA in testis
Authors: Wu Yingping , Zhang Lihua , Li Haiying , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ding Yawen , Yao Yingying , Wang Ling
Published: October 2023

Background

The study was conducted to find out the candidate microRNA (miRNA) and genes that associated with sperm motility of Yili goose through small RNA sequencing of testicular tissue of Yili goose, and provide a theoretical basis for the study of the regulation mechanism of sperm motility of Yili goose gander.

Results

In this study, five male geese with high sperm motility and five male geese with low sperm motility were slaughtered to obtain their testis tissues for small RNA sequencing, and biological information methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that a total of 1575 known miRNAs and 68 novel miRNAs were identified in the testis tissue of Yili goose, and 71 differentially expressed miRNAs and 660 differentially expressed genes were screened. GO functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were mainly involved in the binding, kinase activity, structural constituent of cytoskeleton and intermediate filament cytoskeleton. KEGG functional analysis showed that miRNAs target genes were significantly enriched in arginine and proline metabolism, glycolysis / gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism and beta-Alanine metabolism and other pathways. miRNAs-mRNAs interaction network suggests miR-140/miR-140-3p/miR-140-3p-NKAIN3, let-7d-BTG1 and miR-145-5p/miR -145a-5p-CLEC2E may play an important role in testis development and spermatogenesis.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that the sperm motility of Yili goose may be regulated by different miRNAs, and the target genes are significantly enriched in pathways related to sperm metabolism, indicating that miRNAs affect the sperm motility of Yili goose by regulating the metabolic process of sperm and the expression of related genes. This study can provide a reference for revealing the regulation mechanism of Yili goose sperm motility at the molecular level.
Association between oral microbial dysbiosis and poor functional outcomes in stroke-associated pneumonia patients
Authors: Ren Yueran , Liang Jingru , Li Xiao , Deng Yiting , Cheng Sanping , Wu Qiheng , Song Wei , He Yan , Zhu Jiajia , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhou Hongwei , Yin Jia
Published: October 2023

Background

Despite advances in our understanding of the critical role of the microbiota in stroke patients, the oral microbiome has rarely been reported to be associated with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP). We sought to profile the oral microbial composition of SAP patients and to determine whether microbiome temporal instability and special taxa are associated with pneumonia progression and functional outcomes.

Methods

This is a prospective, observational, single-center cohort study that examined patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who were admitted within 24 h of experiencing a stroke event. The patients were divided into three groups based on the occurrence of pneumonia and the use of mechanical ventilation: nonpneumonia group, SAP group, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) group. We collected oral swabs at different time points post-admission and analyzed the microbiota using 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The microbiota was then compared among the three groups.

Results

In total, 104 nonpneumonia, 50 SAP and 10 VAP patients were included in the analysis. We found that SAP and VAP patients exhibited significant dynamic differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiota and that the magnitude of this dysbiosis and instability increased during hospitalization. Then, by controlling the potential effect of all latent confounding variables, we assessed the changes associated with pneumonia after stroke and explored patients with a lower abundance ofStreptococcuswere more likely to suffer from SAP. The logistic regression analysis revealed that an increase in specific taxa in the phylumActinobacteriotawas linked to a higher risk of poor outcomes. A model for SAP patients based on oral microbiota could accurately predict 30-day clinical outcomes after stroke onset.

Conclusions

We concluded that specific oral microbiota signatures could be used to predict illness development and clinical outcomes in SAP patients. We proposed the potential of the oral microbiota as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker in the clinical management of SAP patients.

Clinical Trial registration

NCT04688138. Registered 29/12/2020,https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04688138.
The miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks of the response to NaHCO3 stress in industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Cao Kun , Sun Yufeng , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhao Yue , Bian Jing , Zhu Hao , Wang Pan , Gao Baochang , Sun Xiaoli , Hu Ming , Guo Yongxia , Wang Xiaonan
Published: October 2023

Background

Industrial hemp is an important industrial crop and has strong resistance to saline-alkaline stress. However, research on the industrial hemp response to NaHCO3 stress is limited. Therefore, the response mechanisms of industrial hemp under NaHCO3 stress were analysed through miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks.

Results

Seedlings of two salt–alkali tolerant and sensitive varieties were cultured in a solution containing 100 mM NaHCO3 and randomly sampled at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. With prolonged NaHCO3 stress, the seedlings gradually withered, and the contents of jasmonic acid, lignin, trehalose, soluble protein, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the roots increased significantly. The abscisic acid content decreased and then gradually increased. Overall, 18,215 mRNAs and 74 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed under NaHCO3 stress. The network showed that 230 miRNA–mRNA interactions involved 16 miRNAs and 179 mRNAs, including some key hub novel mRNAs of these crucial pathways. Carbon metabolism, starch, sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and the spliceosome (SPL) were crucial pathways in industrial hemp's response to NaHCO3 stress.

Conclusions

It is speculated that industrial hemp can regulate SPL pathway by upregulating miRNAs such as novel_miR_179 and novel_miR_75, thus affecting starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and carbon metabolism and improving key physiological indices such as jasmonic acid content, trehalose content, and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities under NaHCO3 stress.
Tango-therapy vs physical exercise in older people with dementia; a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bracco Lucía , Pinto-Carral Arrate , Hillaert Linda , Mourey France
Published: October 2023

Background

Dementia is a growing health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. Gait and mobility disorders are often present and represent a major risk factor for falls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of tango-therapy in gait speed, functional mobility, balance, falls, ability to perform activities of daily living and quality of life.

Methods

A randomised controlled trial with 31 participants living in a specialised dementia unit, aged 65 to 93 years old, who were randomly assigned to tango group (IG) or physical exercise group (CG). The primary outcome was gait speed and Timed Up and Go test. The secondary outcomes include the Short Physical Performance Battery, the ability to perform activities of daily living (Katz Index) and quality of life (Quality of life in Alzheimer Disease). Measurements were performed at baseline, and after one and three months of training.

Results

After 3 months, IG improved gait speed (p = 0.016), implying a statistically significant difference between groups in favour of IG (p = 0.003). CG significantly worsened the time to complete the TUG (p = 0.039). Both groups declined in their ability to perform activities of daily living, being statistically significant only in the CG (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Tango interventions showed efficacy in improving gait speed and in mitigating the decline in functional mobility and ADL skill capacities. Allowing older people with dementia access to non-pharmacological interventions may be a successful strategy to prevent functional decline.

Trial registration

Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05744011).
Prevalence, associated factors and clinical implications of medication literacy linked to frailty in hemodialysis patients in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Linfang , Liu Yang , Yang Fengxue , Yu Shaobin , Fu Ping , Yuan Huaihong
Published: October 2023

Background

Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients have complex medication regimens that require a high level of skill to interpret medication information. However, there is currently a lack of research evaluating the ability to read and understand medication labels in Chinese MHD patients. In addition, the relationship between frailty and medication literacy among MHD patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to assess the potential factors affecting medication literacy in MHD patients and to explore the relationship between frailty and medication literacy.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China. Using a general questionnaire, we collected demographic, clinical and laboratory data. Medication literacy was assessed by the Chinese Medication Literacy Scale, and frailty was assessed by the FRAIL Scale. Univariate analyses examined potential factors associated with medication literacy. An ordered logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between medication literacy and these factors. Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the association between medication literacy and frailty.

Results

A total of 290 MHD patients were included in the analysis. Inadequate, marginal, and adequate medication literacy was found in 56 (19.3%), 153 (52.8%), and 81 (27.9%) patients, respectively. Ordered logistic regression revealed factors associated with inadequate medication literacy: age (OR = 0.281, 95% CI = 0.139–0.565, p < 0.001 for < 65 years); education (OR = 8.612, 95% CI = 3.524–21.046, p < 0.001 for ≤ primary school education; OR = 3.405, 95% CI = 1.683–6.887, p = 0.001 for junior high school education); presence of caregiver medication assistance (OR = 2.302, 95% CI = 1.173–4.516, p = 0.015); frailty (OR = 0.440, 95% CI = 0.216–0.893, p = 0.023 for frail patients); and high β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) (OR = 1.010, 95% CI = 1.002–1.019, p = 0.012). Spearman’s analysis showed that medication literacy was negatively correlated with frailty in MHD patients (R=-0.189, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Medication literacy levels in MHD patients needed improvement and were associated with certain patient characteristics, including age, education level, presence of caregiver support, β2-microglobulin levels, and risk of frailty. This study identified subgroups of MHD patients, such as those who were older, had lower education, had caregiver assistance, had high β2-microglobulin levels, or were frail, to have inadequate medication literacy. These findings underscore the need for routine screening and targeted interventions to improve medication literacy in this population.