bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunologic studies of the proteins of human synovial fluid
Authors: Schur Peter H. , Sandson John
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluid and serum were compared by immunoelectrophoresis. The quantity of the large molecular weight proteins (beta 2 macroglobulin, beta lipoprotein, alpha 2 macroglobulin) was markedly reduced in normal synovial fluid. Small molecular weight proteins were present in all synovial fluids. Using an antiserum to synovial fluid, a protein (beta 2F) was detected in inflammatory synovial fluids. This protein appears to be a degradation product of fibrinogen, and was not present in either normal synovial fluid or serum.
Studies in latex agglutination: An approach to the determination of optimum conditions for discrimination between rheumatoids and normals
Authors: Brooks George W. , Cobb Sidney
Published: February 2007

Optimum conditions for latex agglutination by rheumatoid factors have been investigated with respect to pH, ionic strength, gamma globulin concentration and heat of inactivation. A large number of sero‐negative cases of rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Best discrimination between rheumatoids and normals was found at pH 8.4 instead of at pH 8.2, with 0.6 per cent instead of 1.0 per cent sodium chloride, without gamma globulin and without heat except for 15 minutes inactivation at 56 C.
A double‐blind comparison of the anti‐rheumatic properties of amopyroquin‐HCl (Propoquin) and chloroquine‐diphosphate
Authors: Lansbury John , Menduke Hyman
Published: February 2007

Propoquin and chloroquine were given in equal doses to 25 rheumatoid patients for 3 to 5 months. No clinically or statistically significant difference between the two drugs was detected. Both appeared to have an anti‐rheumatic effect. No serious toxicity was encountered. Neither disease of long duration nor concomitant corticosteroid administration appeared to influence the responses.
Localization of “fibrinoid” deposit in lupus nephritis: An electron microscopic demonstration of glomerular endothelial cell phagocytosis
Authors: Browne John T. , Hutt Martin P. , Reger James F. , Smith Stuart W.
Published: February 2007

Renal biopsies from two patients with active lupus nephritis showed Feulgenpositive “fibrinoid” forming glomerular capillary “wire loops.” Electron microscopy demonstrated this material on the endothelial side of basement membrane, within endothelial cell vesicles, and in the capillary lumen. This localization suggests that “wire loop” pathogenesis involves formation in the glomerular capillary lumen of a complex DNA‐containing precipitate which undergoes endothelial cell phagocytosis and deposition on the subendothelial side of the basement membrane.
Separation of rheumatoid factors of different specificities using columns conjugated with gamma‐globulin
Authors: Williams Ralph C. , Kunkel Henry G.
Published: February 2007

Polyaminostyrene columns diazotized to human Fr II, aggregated human Fr II, and rabbit γ‐globulin, were used to separate rheumatoid factors of three general types. One group showed primary specificity for human γ‐globulin; the second, for rabbit γ‐globulin; and the third showed reactivity with both rabbit and human γ‐globulin systems.
Rheumatoid arthritis with serologic evidence suggesting systemic lupus erythematosus: Clinical, serologic and chromatographic studies
Authors: Willkens Robert F. , Decker John L.
Published: February 2007

Fourteen patients with antinuclear activity demonstrable in their serum were studied in detail. All had severe, deforming rheumatoid arthritis with visceral manifestations, and eight had chronic leg ulcers. Serum protein chromatography provided evidence that, in these patients, macromolecular globulins comprised a greater proportion of the antinuclear activity than was true in systemic lupus erythematosus. The factors were considered to be a manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis possibly provoked by chronic bacterial infection.
Modification of the Waaler‐Rose test using formalinized sheep erythrocytes
Authors: Milcrom Felix , Tonder Olav , Loza Ulana
Published: February 2007

A slide modification of the Waaler‐Rose test was developed using formalinized sheep erythrocytes. Good agreement of the results obtained with the standard procedure and the slide modification was observed.
The occurrence of the mucocutaneous lesions of reiter's syndrome (“keratosis blennorrhagica”) in a patient with classical rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shalit Ivan E. , Wilske Kenneth R. , Decker John L. , Ford Denys K. , Lever Walter F. , Ragan Charles
Published: February 2007

A case developing manifestations of Reiter's syndrome eight years after the onset of classical rheumatoid arthritis is reported. Clinical and histological study revealed features of both diseases. The uniqueness of this combination emphasizes that Reiter's syndrome is not a variant of rheumatoid arthritis and, indeed, suggests that the two tend to be mutually exclusive.
Effect of chloroquine on the sulfhydryl group and the denaturation of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Gerber Donald A.
Published: February 2007

Chloroquine diphosphate was demonstrated to be capable of blocking the sulfhydryl disulfide interchange reaction that ordinarily occurs during the denaturation of bovine serum albumin by either heat or urea. Chloroquine was also shown to inhibit the reduction of ferricyanide by cysteine, and to bind to certain sulfhydryl groups of human serum protein when present in concentrations found in patients taking the compound for rheumatoid arthritis.
Excretion of tryptophan metabolites by patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Flinn John H. , Price J. M. , Yess Norma , Brown R. R.
Published: February 2007

The urinary excretion of tryptophan metabolites was measured in control subjects, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, and in patients with related disorders. After tryptophan loading, 12/15 female patients and 4/5 male patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and a positive latex test had significantly elevated levels of one or more of the tryptophan metabolites measured. Hydroxykynurenine and kynurenine were the metabolites most frequently elevated. Although excretion of 4‐pyridoxic acid was in the normal range in these subjects, administration of supplements of pyridoxine restored tryptophan metabolism toward normal in a group of 11 female patients in which this was studied. The data suggests that a high percentage of these patients have a functional pyridoxine deficiency demonstrable in tryptophan metabolism only by means of a tryptophan loading test.
The costovertebral joints. Anatomical‐clinical observations in arthritis
Authors: Nathan H. , Weinberg H. , Robin G. C. , Aviad I.
Published: February 2007

Costovertebral arthritis was found to be a frequent condition in a study of 346 skeletons and 100 roentgenograms. It followed a definite pattern of distribution, which seems to be related to the anatomical characteristics of the joints and the ribs involved at the different thoracic levels. No differences were found between the races and sexes. In a few patients in which the diagnosis of costovertebral arthritis was established, local treatment was tried with good results.
Calcinosis universalis complicating dermatomyositis‐its treatment with Na2EDTA. Report of two cases in children
Authors: Herd J. Kenneth , Vaughan John H.
Published: February 2007

The treatment of calcinosis by chelation in two children with dermatomyositis is described. The amount of calcium in skin, muscle and fascia was chemically determined before and after chelation in one child. The amount in fascia was strikingly less after chelation than before chelation, though still elevated. Neither child showed clinical improvement. Treatment of calcinosis with chelating agents might be more effective if the drug were given over more prolonged periods.
Enzymatic degradation of chondromucoprotein by cell‐free extracts of human cartilage
Authors: Fessel Jon Michael , Chrisman O. Donald
Published: February 2007

Normal and fibrillated human articular cartilage contains significant levels of an agent which reduces the viscosity of cartilage protein‐polysaccharides. This agent is cyanide and heat sensitive and has typical enzyme behavior. It splits the mucoprotein at or near the P‐P bond. This enzyme may initiate the degradation of ground substance seen in early osteoarthritis.
Aseptic necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a case involving six joints
Authors: Ruderman Mark , McCarty Daniel J.
Published: February 2007

Aseptic necrosis involving 6 joints (shoulders, hips, one knee and one ankle) is described in a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with systemic corticosteroids. This is the largest number of joints involved by this process in a single case yet reported. Vasculitis, with ischemia of bone, is thought to be the pathogenesis of the necrotic changes observed.
Renal lesions associated with gold therapy light and electron microscopic studies
Authors: Lee John C. , Dushkin Miriam , Eyring E. J. , Engleman E. P. , Hopper James
Published: February 2007

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on renal biopsies of three patients who developed proteinuria following injections of gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The renal lesions were shown to be lipoid nephrosis in one patient and membranous glomerulonephritis in two patients. One of the three cases developed a typical nephrotic syndrome. In the cases presented, gold was felt to be the antigenic stimulus promoting the development of the renal lesion.
Iron metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Raymond F. Douglas , Bowie Morris A. , Dugan Ann
Published: February 2007

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were found to have a rapid plasma clearance of iron, a low serum iron, and a diminished absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract. These abnormalities appear to be manifestations of an abnormal iron metabolism which is probably present in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Anemia represents the end result of the more severe degrees of the abnormality. Chronic blood loss, hemolysis, increased blood volume, and bone marrow depression represent secondary complications superimposed on the underlying abnormality.
Staphylococcus suppurative arthritis occurring in neuropathic knee joints a report of four cases with a discussion of the mechanisms involved
Authors: Martin John R. , Root Howard S. , Kim Soon Ok , Johnson Louis G.
Published: February 2007

Suppurative arthritis in a Charcot's joint is rare. Four patients with this complication were observed; in all of them infection was due to Staphylococcus pyogenes. Both knees were infected in one patient but in the other three the process was monoarticular. The infection appears to have been born by the lymphatic or vascular channels to the joint with the possible exception of one knee of the patient with bilateral involvement where invasion from neighboring tissues could not be excluded.
Diagnostic specificity and possible pathogenetic significance of inclusions in synovial leucocytes
Authors: Astorga Gonzalo , Bollet Alfred Jay
Published: February 2007

Synovial fluid leucocytes from 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis contained cytoplasmic inclusions; homogenates of these cells gave positive tests for rheumatoid factor in 66 (94 per cent), including 15 who had no demonstrable rheumatoid factor in serum or synovial fluid. Similar inclusions were seen in 14 of 71 patients with other rheumatic diseases, but only 3 (4 per cent) gave positive tests for rheumatoid factor. The inclusions apparently consisted of phagocytized precipitates containing rheumatoid factor; in vitro phagocytosis of rheumatoid factor‐fraction II precipitates activated lysosomal enzymes.
Studies of the incidence and significance of anti‐gamma globulin factors in the aging
Authors: Litwin Stephen D. , Singer Jacques M.
Published: February 2007

The anti‐gamma globulin factors which were found in 30 per cent of an aging population reacted poorly with rabbit gamma globulin and anti‐D coats. They did not contain agglutinators against Gm (a), (b), or Inv. (a). Their reactivity was like that of anti‐gamma globulin factors most frequently encountered in non‐rheumatoid disorders. Past age 70, distribution of these factors was approximately equal in those with and without evident chronic disease. However, in the group between 50 and 70, there was a much higher incidence of anti‐gamma globulin factors in subjects with various unrelated chronic conditions. The presence of these factors could not be correlated with a high incidence of hemagglutinating antibodies to thyroglobulin, an increased number of weakly positive VDRL slide tests, and an upward trend in mean gamma globulin levels found in this aging group.
Lysis of the patella due to metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Benedek Thomas G. , Clayton Mack L. , Ropes Marion W.
Published: February 2007

Primary neoplasms rarely originate in the patella, and metastases to the patella are even less frequent. The latter is probably explained by the scant blood supply of this sesamoid bone. Carcinomatous synovitis of one knee was an early manifestation of pulmonary carcinoma in a 67‐year‐old man. This was associated with rapid, complete lysis of the patella; no other osseous metastases were evident.
Iodinated human serum albumin (I131) localization studies of rheumatoid arthritis joints by scintillation scanning (preliminary report)
Authors: Weiss Thomas E. , Maxfield William S. , Murison Paul J. , Hidalgo John U.
Published: February 2007

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gout were studied after intravenous injection of an iodinated human serum albumin I131 (IHSA) tracer. Scintillation scanning and external scintillation counting demonstrated that most arthritic joints have greater than normal localization of IHSA. The degree of localization usually paralleled the clinical involvement, but in some cases it reflected more joint activity than was evident clinically. The scans offer a graphic method of recording and studying arthritic activity in joints.
Sex hormones, bone changes and osteoarthritis in DBA/2JN mice
Authors: Sokoloff Leon , Varney David A. , Scott James F.
Published: February 2007

Several possible mechanisms by which sex hormones may influence development of osteoarthritis in mice have been investigated. No relationship existed between the joint disease and mineral content of the bone. A sexual dimorphism in femur length is described for the first time. Strain differences in the effect of sex hormones on the joints of STR/1N and other strains of mice cannot be accounted for by a proposed “dyschondrogenesis.”
Use of “synovial” cell cultures in the search for virus in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ford Denys K. , Oh Jang O.
Published: February 2007

Synovial cells obtained from rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid subjects were grown in culture for periods up to 5 months. No spontaneous degeneration, suggestive of latent viral infection, was observed in the rheumatoid cultures. No significant difference could be demonstrated between multiplication of Newcastle disease virus in rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid cultures. No virusinterfering or ‐inactivating activity could be demonstrated in the culture fluid from rheumatoid synovial cultures.
A biochemical and electron microscopy study of rice bodies from rheumatoid patients
Authors: Albrecht Manfred , Marinetti Guido V. , Jacox Ralph F. , Vaughan John H.
Published: February 2007

Rice bodies (corpora oryzoidea) from rheumatoid patients were studied biochemically and by electron microscopy. The data indicate that only a relatively small portion of the rice bodies is identical to fibrin, and the bulk is composed of other fibrinlike mucoproteins and a small amount of lipids. Some lipids and neuraminic acid are located on the surface. The recurrence of rice bodies is prevented by synovectomy. Fibrous rice bodies represent an end product of synovial inflammation, proliferation, and subsequent secondary degeneration.
Book review
Authors: Stevens Jack
Published: February 2007

THE SURGICAL RELIEF OF PAIN IN ARTHRITIC DISEASE. By Robert A. Herfort, M.D., F.A.C.S., Attending Surgeon, St. Agnes Hospital, White Plains, New York; Attending Surgeon, Grasslands Hospital, Valhalla, New York; Consulting Surgeon, St. Barnabas Hospital, New York, New York. 89 pages, 9″ × 6″ (22.5 cm. × 15 cm.). 20 illustrations. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1967. In preparation—no price listed.
Elimination of Na131I from Knee Joints with Degenerative Changes
Authors: Hernborg Jerker
Published: February 2007

The rate of elimination of Na131I from the knee joint was measured in 16 patients with bilateral degenerative changes and with pronounced pain on one side only. The elimination was significantly faster on the painful side. Similarly in 11 patients with painful degenerative changes after a previous fracture of the tibial condyle, the elimination of the radioisotope from the affected knee was faster than from the unaffected contralateral side. No difference in the rate of elimination was found between the two sides in 23 patients with similar but painless joint changes. The difference was believed to be due to synovitis in the painful joints.
Effects of Rheumatoid Sera on Fibroblast Proliferation and Hyaluronic Acid Synthesis
Authors: Castor C. William , Wright Deloisteen , Buckingham R. B.
Published: February 2007

Rheumatoid serum depresses synovial fibroblast proliferation in vitro and tends to enhance the rate of hyaluronic acid formed per cellular unit. Quantitatively, the observed effects are not large, are apparently not disease specific, and not related to the titer of rheumatoid factor as measured by latex fixation. An improved method for measuring acid mucopolysaccharide in tissue culture medium is described.
Stimulation of Protein–Chondroitin Sulfate Synthesis by Normal and Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage
Authors: Jay Bollet Alfred
Published: February 2007

A stimulatory effect on 35S uptake of rat costal cartilage by a commercial cartilage and bone marrow extract known as Rumalon was confirmed. In addition, the preparation was found to increase35S incorporation in vitro into chondroitin sulfate by human articular cartilage from the knee joint, both normal and osteoarthritic sites. This effect was limited to young rats, but no age limitation in effect was found with human cartilage. In other in vitro studies, the augmented 35S incorporation into chondroitin sulfate was found in fractions eluted from Dowex‐1 columns; a stimulation of incorporation of 3H‐serine into protein‐polysaccharide was also found in the same fraction. The effects of 3H‐serine and 35S uptake were augmented by addition of amino acids to the incubation medium and were inhibited by puromycin. In addition, increased incorporation of 3H‐uridine into RNA was observed in the same system.
Influence of human rheumatoid factor on numbers of antibody‐producing cells
Authors: Brown John C. , Epstein Wallace V.
Published: February 2007

Human rheumatoid factor administered to mice 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection of human IgC as antigen causes a 68 per cent reduction in the numbers of spleen cells capable of forming rosettes with IgG‐coated sheep erythrocytes. Normal human macroglobulin does not cause such an inhibition of antibody‐producing cells. The inhibitory effect of rheumatoid macroglobulin appears immunologically specific.
Liver xanthine oxidase in gouty patients
Authors: Carcassi Aldo , Marcolongo Roberto , Marinello Enrico , Riario‐Sforza Giuseppe , Boggiano Carlo
Published: February 2007

The activity of xanthine oxidase was studied in liver biopsy material from normal subjects and patients with primary gout. Increased enzyme activity was present in all patients with gout. The possibility that increased xanthine oxidase activity may represent a primary biochemical lesion in gout is discussed.
Beneficial effect of immobilization of joints in rheumatoid and related arthritides: A splint study using sequential analysis
Authors: Gault Sarah J. , Spyker Joan M.
Published: February 2007

The more actively involved upper extremity of a patient or one of equally involved upper extremities was immobilized for three weeks with a plaster of paris splint and an arm sling. In seven consecutive patients the immobilized side showed unquestionably the least amount of active joint involvement by the end of the three week period. There were no lasting undesirable side effects such as decrease of joint range of motion or loss of muscle strength of stage I, stage II, and early stage III joints.
On the mechanisms of transport and biological significance of antibodies in external secretions
Authors: Tomasi Thomas B.
Published: February 2007

Recent evidence suggests that the antibodies present in certain external secretions are produced locally, and that the predominant immunoglobulin in these secretions appears to be γA, which is complexed to a nonimmunoglobulin glycoprotein referred to as the secretory “piece” or T chain. The secretory immunoglobulin system may be of importance in determining local flora and the resistance of mucous membranes to colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and may be involved in hypersensitivity reactions on mucous surfaces as well as in certain so‐called autoimmune processes.
Synovial collagenase: Its presence in culture from joint disease of diverse etiology
Authors: Harris Edward D. , Cohen George L. , Krane Stephen M.
Published: February 2007

Closed needle biopsy of synovium from inflamed joints yields enough tissue to detect production and/or release of collagenase from these tissues. Collagenase activity was found in synovium from 8 of 8 patients with probable rheumatoid arthritis, in 6 of 9 patients with nonrheumatoid inflammatory synovitis, and in 1 of 6 patients with degenerative joint disease. One of 2 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis had activity in synovium regrown after synovectomy. Therefore synovial collagenase is not unique to rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis induced in rabbits by lysates of granulocyte lysosomes
Authors: Weissmann Gerald , Spilberg Isaias , Krakauer Kathrin
Published: February 2007

From rabbit heterophile leukocytes, granules were prepared which had a high specific activity of acid hydrolases. When lysates of such granules were injected into the skin and joints of other rabbits, acute inflammation was regularly produced. Repeated intraarticular injections led to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of synovial lining cells, round cell infiltration of synovium in the vicinity of blood vessels, pannus formation, and cartilage degradation. The data suggest that escape of granule contents from lysosomes into the joint cavity is sufficient to account for proliferative and degradative changes observed in several forms of clinical and experimental arthritis.
Specificity and reactivity of cytoplasmic and nucleolar antibody in SLE sera
Authors: Watanabe Nobuo , Fisher Herbert M. , Epstein Wallace V.
Published: February 2007

The serum of 2 of 31 patients with SLE was found to contain an antibody to a previously unrecognized RNA‐containing antigen found in human mononuclear cell cytoplasm and nucleolus. When tissue fixed, this antibody proved capable of fixing the patient's own rheumatoid factor and human complement components. No recognizable inhibition of complement fixation by rheumatoid factor could be demonstrated by the fluorescent antibody technic.
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte motility in vitro. II. Stimulatory effect of monosodium urate crystals and urate in solution; partial inhibition by golchicine and indomethacin
Authors: Phelps Paulding
Published: February 2007

Studies were performed to determine the effect of monosodium urate crystals on motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN's) in vitro, using a modification of the Boyden chamber technic. A stimulatory effect on the random motility of PMN's (not chemotaxis) was demonstrated which could be explained entirely on the basis of the urate in solution and could be blocked by uricase, colchicine, and indomethacin.
External counting and scintiphotography in rabbits with arthritis
Authors: Sholkoff Stephen D. , Glickman Morton G. , Schachter Julius , Rowland Malcolm
Published: February 2007

Bedsonia arthritis in rabbits was studied by Anger camera Scintiphotography and external counting, using pertechnetate 99m as the label. This method of evaluating the intensity of the arthritis and the changes in the disease proved more sensitive and more accurate than did clinical and roentgenographic examinations.
Leukocyte‐connective tissue cell interaction. I. Stimulation of hyaluronate synthesis by live and dead leukocytes
Authors: Yaron Michael , Castor C. William
Published: February 2007

During the interaction of fibroblasts and leukocytes in vitro, there was a two‐ to sixfold increase in the total amount of hyaluronate formed, and a corresponding increase in the rate (pg./cell/day) of hyaluronate synthesis. Increased glucose uptake from the culture medium (two‐ to fourfold) was associated with stimulation of hyaluronate formation. Cultures receiving leukocytes suffered an 8 to 33 per cent decrement in the fibroblast population. Leukocytes themselves consumed little glucose and produced no detectable hyaluronate. Viable and non‐viable lymphocytes and PMN's induced qualitatively similar behavioral alterations in synovial fibroblasts. Fibroblasts from normal and rheumatoid joints responded similarly to WBC. Normal and rheumatoid WBC had similar potential for altering the behavior of fibroblasts in vitro. Erythrocytes had little effect on fibroblast cultures.
The microvasculature of the synovial membrane of the monkey: Ultrastructural studies
Authors: Schumacher H. Ralph
Published: February 2007

The normal synovial microvasculature of Cebus albifrons monkeys is characterized by fenestrated superficial capillaries and venules, and deeper vessels with thicker, active‐appearing endothelium from which intravenously injected tracers occasionally were seen to have leaked. Carbon tracer was also identified in endothelial phagosomes. The possible roles of these vessels in joint inflammation is discussed. Leakage of still unidentified pathogenic agents from synovial vessels may be an early event in joint inflammation.
Osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint: Hook‐like osteophytes
Authors: Swezey Robert L. , Peter J. B. , Evers Peter L.
Published: February 2007

Hook‐like osteophytic projections of the radial side of the distal head of the metacarpals are recorded in 7 per cent of 100 cases of Osteoarthritis. The development of such hooks is probably a response to articular cartilage degeneration and joint stress in the older age group. These hooks should not be confused with those of Jaccoud's disease.
The adverse effect of intravenous iron‐dextran in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Reddy P. S. , Lewis Marvin
Published: February 2007

The use of intravenous iron‐dextran caused a significant exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis in 5 out of 7 patients.
Comparative bioassay of drugs in adjuvant‐induced arthritis in rats: Flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid, and phenylbutazone
Authors: Winder Claude V. , Lembke Lois A. , Stephens Marvin D.
Published: February 2007

By injecting adjuvant into the tail rather than paw, valid bioassays were achieved in terms of paw volume and body growth after preventive treatment for 18 days, treatment of the established disease for 6 weeks, and 6 weeks after termination of 6 weeks of therapy. By these six criteria, and with doses of the fenamates (per kilogram) equivalent to human dosage, flufenamate was 2.6 to 5.6 and mefenamate 0.35 to 1.8 times as potent as phenylbutazone.
Radioimmunoassay of rheumatoid factor
Authors: Franchimont P. , Suteanu S.
Published: February 2007

A radioimmunological method for assaying rheumatoid factor is proposed and analyzed. The method is based on the reaction between rheumatoid factor, either purified or present in serum, and purified labeled yg globulin. This assay permits a quantitative estimation of rheumatoid factor levels in rheumatoid‐positive serum and provides evidence that rheumatoid‐negative serum contains factors which can bind labeled yg globulin. Normal serum assayed by this method does not ordinarily contain such factors.
Identification of collagen in synovial fluid
Authors: Kitridou Rodanthi , McCarty Daniel J. , Prockop Darwin J. , Hummeleh Klaus
Published: February 2007

Collagen fibrils have been identified by electron microscopy and hydroxyproline assay in synovial fluid sediments from patients with a variety of joint diseases. Phase contrast and polarized light microscopy alone proved inadequate to distinguish these fibrils from fibrin strands. The potential sources and significance of the presence of collagen fibrils in synovial fluid sediments are discussed.
Immunological studies of an experimental chronic arthritis resembling rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Astorga Gonzalo P.
Published: February 2007

Erysipelothrix insidiosa, injected intravenously into rabbits, produced a subacute generalized arthritis. The arthritic rabbits exhibited several serological manifestations considered characteristic of human rheumatoid arthritis. There was also hyperplasia of the synovial cells and hypertrophy of the villi, with infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells. It is concluded that this experimental condition may provide a model for the study of rheumatoid arthritis.
Human lymphocyte transformation induced by anti‐gamma globulin factors
Authors: King Richard A. , Messner Ronald P. , Williams Ralph C.
Published: February 2007

Human lymphocyte transformation was induced using cells from normal subjects and 19S human anti‐γ globulin preparations (rheumatoid factors). Considerable variation in the degree of lymphocyte stimulation using 19S human anti‐γ globulins and lymphocytes from normal donors was noted when identical experiments were repeated at 1 to 3 week intervals. When human 19S anti‐γ globulin factors were compared with 7S rabbit antibodies to human γ globulins, a much greater lymphocyte‐stimulating effect was noted with rabbit antisera. When an individual donor's lymphocytes were serially tested using rabbit antibody to human γG globulin as stimulating reagent, some correlation was noted between the amount of leukocyte‐associated γG and relative degrees of stimulation.
Characteristics of antinuclear factors in felty's syndrome
Authors: Brunner Carolyn M. , Davis Iv John S. ,
Published: February 2007

Antinuclear factors in the sera of 8 patients with Felty's syndrome were studied by various immunologic technics. All sera showed antinuclear factor activity. However, antinuclear factors in Felty's sera did not fix human complement, while antinuclear factors in 9 out of 10 control sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus did. This difference could be explained neither by a difference in antinuclear factor titer of the IgG class, nor by a blockage of complement fixation by rheumatoid factor. The findings of other investigators and the possible significance of antinuclear factor complement fixation are discussed.
Bone erosion in relation to subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules
Authors: Dorfman Howard D. , Norman Alex , Smith Richard J.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of bone erosion produced by subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules about the elbow are reported. The usual pattern of articular and para‐articular bone resorption is contrasted with the rare manifestation of bone‐scalloping by rheumatoid nodules. Rheumatoid nodules must be included in the differential diagnosis of cortical bone erosions.
Volar tenosynovitis of wrist in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ranawat Chitranjan S. , Straub Lee Ramsay
Published: February 2007

The diagnosis of volar synovitis of the wrist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is described. The patient may present with one or all of the following symptoms: (1) carpal tunnel syndrome, (2) pain and swelling over the volar aspect of the wrist and (3) progressive loss of active flexion of the fingers. Swelling is due to proliferative synovitis. It changes the normal contour of the wrist by accentuating the palmar slope and obliterating the forearm slope. Results of 60 volar tenosynovectomies performed on 52 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were observed for an average follow‐up period of 3 1/2 years are described. Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 83% of the patients. The causes of failure are discussed. Early volar tenosynovectomy is indicated for patients who have progressive loss of active finger flexion due to volar tenosynovitis of the wrist.
Survivorship and Death in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Uddin Jamal , Kraus Fapha Arthur S. Scd , Garfield Kelly H.
Published: February 2007

Data are presented on survivorship and causes of death of 475 patients with rheumatioid arthritis, first seen betwen 1954 and 1966. The observed cumulative survival rate was lower than expected in each sex at each year of follow‐up, particularly in the later years. The adjusted rate was generally lower in males than in females. Eighteen of the 86 deaths due to known causes were attributed to infection, a significantly excessive proportion.
D‐Penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zuckner Jack , Ramsey Robert H. , Dorner Robert W. , Gantner Jr George E.
Published: February 2007

D‐penicillamine was administered to 15 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A fall in the titer of rheumatoid factor was demonstrated in all patients. The sedimentation rate decreased in most patients. There was no consistent alteration in immunoglobulins A, G or M or in lymphocyte transformation attributable to penicillamine. Ceruloplasmin serum levels were lowered significantly in 7 patients. Clinical improvement in the arthritis resulted in 10 patients.
Cardiac necrobiotic (Rheumatoid?) granulomas without arthritis. report of two cases
Authors: Good Armin E. , Lang Klaus , Olson John R. , Allen Frishette W.
Published: February 2007

Cardiac necrobiotic lesions resembling rheumatoid granulomas were discovered in 2 patients without evidence of arthritis. Evidence from the literature indicates that pulmonary and subcutaneous nodules may occur before arthritis or before the appearance of the rheumatoid factor, and that cardiac lesions may occur early in the course of rheumatoid disease. Even in the absence of obvious arthritis and the rheumatoid factor, rheumatoid disease should be considered part of the differential diagnosis of acquired valvular heart lesions.
Rheumatoid‐like nodules presenting as “pump bumps” in a patient without rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sturgill Benjamin C. , Hamilton Allan J.
Published: February 2007

Bilateral “pump bumps” removed from the heels of a 23‐year‐old woman had the histologic appearance of rheumatoid nodules. The patient had no symptoms, physical signs or laboratory evidence of rheumatoid arthritis.
6‐Sulfanilamidoindazole induced arthritis and periarthritis in rats. a new model of experimental inflammation
Authors: Miller Morgan L. , Ward John R. , Cole Barry C. , Swinyard Ewart A.
Published: February 2007

Several oral or subcutaneous administrations of 6‐sulfanilamidoindazole (6‐SAI) to adult rats regularly induced acute, self‐limiting arthritis and periarthritis confined primarily to the hind paws. The incidence of arthritis in orally medicated rats was related, in part, to the body weight of the animals at time of the initial feeding. Histologically, the lesions were nonsuppurative and proliferative. Lymphocytes were present in all stages of inflammation preceding the appearance of fibroblasts which were the most consistent and striking cellular components. Inflammation was not associated with anemia, elevation of serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, or alterations in sedimentation rates and total and differential WBC counts. Evidence is presented which suggests that the phlogistic effects of 6‐SAI are independent of crystal formation in the periarticular tissues, provocation of latent mycoplasma infections, kinin formation through activation of the Hageman factor, immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of an anaphylactoid‐like reaction.
Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Davis Wirt , Sammarco James , Mast William , Chase Samuel W.
Published: February 2007

Intraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in deleterious changes in living rabbit articular knee cartilage. These changes were characterized by an increased frequency of chondrocyte nuclear degeneration and prominent cyst formation as compared with control animals. Degenerative changes were localized to the cartilage of the medial tibial plateau. This localization may be related to the different histologic pattern seen in this cartilage surface as compared to other areas of the knee. The correlation between certain pre‐existing patterns of cartilage histology and susceptibility to degenerative change may provide a clue to the localization of degenerative joint disease in humans.
An automated test for rheumatoid factor
Authors: Stevens Roy W. , Stroebel Ernst , Gaafar Hassan
Published: February 2007

A continuous flow system utilizing a plasma fraction II‐charcoal suspension for the detection and quantitation of rheumatoid factor has been developed. Tests indicate that the reactivity levels of the automated procedure and those of manual latex particle technics are comparable.
Meningococcal arthritis. report of two cases
Authors: Eichner Harvey L. , Deller John J.
Published: February 2007

Two cases of meningococcal arthritis are reported, 1 an acute septic arthritis resembling gonococcal arthritis following a transient bacteremia; the other, a delayed arthritis with painless knee effusions following resolution of meningitis. Arthritis is an occasional manifestation of meningococcemia with or without meningitis. It may occur as a polyarthritis without effusion during acute septicemia, or as a subacute arthritis with effusion involving one or a few larger joints while the generalized infection subsides. The pathogenesis of these two varieties of meningococcal arthritis may be different. In rare instances, an isolated septic arthritis without typical meningococcemia is found.
The inhibitory effect of salicylate on the acetylation of human albumin by acetylsalicylic acid
Authors: Neal Pinckard R. , Hawkin David , Farr Richard S.
Published: February 2007

The transacetylation reaction between aspirin and human serum albumin (HSA) is partially inhibited by pharmacologic concentrations of salicylate anion. This inhibition was noted with respect to the inhibition of enhanced acetrizoate binding and by autoradiography of peptide maps of aspirin‐acetylated HSA. The acetylation of a single lysine residue in a peptide 7“A” has been found to be responsible for the previously reported, enhanced binding of acetrizoate by aspirin‐altered albumin. At least 5 other peptides are also acetylated, but they do not influence acetrizoate binding. The results are discussed in view of the unique pharmacologic activities of aspirin, and also, with respect to biologic reactions ascribed to aspirin therapy.
Cardiac tamponade in rheumatoid arthritis. a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Romanoff H. , Rozin R. , Zlotnick A.
Published: February 2007

A 44‐year‐old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed electrocardiographic changes compatible with a myopericarditis. During an exacerbation of her disease she developed an acute cardiac tamponade that was treated successfully by partial pericardiectomy.
Studies of isolated synovial lining cells of rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid synovial membranes
Authors: Douglas Kinsella T. , Baum John , Ziff Morris
Published: February 2007

Synovial membranes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides were digested with tryps.n to produce suspensions of synovial cells. The cells were stained by the direct fluorescent antibody technique for IgG, IgM and the β1c (C3) component of complement, using fluorescein and rhodamine isothiocyanate‐labeled antisera. A characteristic diffuse staining pattern for IgG and β1c was observed in the cytoplasm of the phagocytic lining cells of rheumatoid synovium. In seropositive patients, inclusions containing IgG, IgM, and β1c were also stained in these cells. The role of these immunoglobulins, localized in the lining cells, is discussed in relation to rheumatoid inflammation.
Connective Tissue Activation. I. The Nature, Specificity, Measurement and Distribution of Connective Tissue Activating Peptide
Authors: Castor C. William , Dorstewitz Emily L. , Smith Susan F. , Ritchie James C.
Published: February 2007

A polypeptide which induces hypermetabolism in normal synovial fibroblasts in tissue culture is described. The metabolic changes induced included a marked increase in hyaluronate formation, lactate formation and glucose uptake; formation of soluble and fibrous collagen was depressed. An assay method is presented which permits quantitative comparisons of samples for connective tissue activating peptide (CTAP) activity. The CTAP appeared to be widely distributed in human tissues, the amount of activity being a function of cell density. A role for CTAP in rheumatoid inflammation is proposed.
Antibacterial Activity of Synovial Fluid During Therapy of Septic Arthritis
Authors: Parker Richard H. , Schmid Frank R.
Published: February 2007

Therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobial agents in infected joints during systemic therapy were demonstrated in 29 patients by measuring synovial fluid antibacterial activity. Antimicrobial agents used were penicillin G, phenoxymethyl penicillin, nafcillin, cephaloridine, tetracycline, erythromycin and lincomycin. Passage of antibiotic into synovial fluid was evaluated in simultaneously collected serum and synovial fluid specimens by two methods: a) a tube‐dilution procedure for antibacterial liter of the two fluids against the microorganism recovered from the joint or a suitable laboratory species and b) a bioassay test of antibiotic concentration. In general, the bioassay results closely supported the information obtained by tube‐dilution antibacterial activity determination. Demonstration that effective concentrations of an antibiotic are present in an infected joint during systemic therapy obviates the need for local instillation of drug into the synovial space. Since passage of antimicrobial agents into synovial fluid during systemic therapy can be reliably established by the more simple tube‐dilution method, every patient with septic arthritis should be monitored by such determinations during the course of therapy.
Chronic Synovitis as a Manifestation of Calcium Crystal Deposition Disease
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Harris Benjamin K. , Schwartz Abraham , Marshall Gerald
Published: February 2007

A 67‐year‐old woman had an 8‐year history of chronic polyarthritis associated with extensive chondrocalcinosis. Synovial biopsy on two occasions showed crystalline material in the synovium, associated with chronic granulomatous reaction. Polarizing microscopy studies suggested the presence of both calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate crystals. Electron diffraction studies were also consistent with the presence of a mixed crystal population. The chronic arthritis seen appears to be the result of chronic synovial inflammation induced by calcium crystal deposits.
A Study of Regenerated Synovium After Synovectomy of the Knee in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ranawat Chitranjan S. , Straub Lee Ramsay , Freyberg Richard , Granda Jose L. , Rivelis Marcos
Published: February 2007

The knee joints of 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were biopsied to study the regenerated synovium 6 months to 6 years after synovectomy. Three of the 12 patients had clinical and microscopic evidence of the recurrence of rheumatoid inflammation. Biopsies in the remaining 9 patients all showed mild‐to‐moderate synovitis. In 4 of these 9 patients who were biopsied at intervals of 31/2 to 6 years after synovectomy, microscopic features of rheumatoid inflammation were quantitatively less severe than those observed in the initial specimens.
Joint Lubrication with Artificial Lubricants
Authors: Radin Eric L. , Paul Igor L. , Weisser Paul A.
Published: February 2007

The joint lubricating properties, in vitro, in bovine metatarsal‐phalangeal joints, of silicone fluid, methyl cellulose and polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone were compared to buffer, serum and synovial fluid. As had been previously reported, synovial fluid was almost twice as good as serum and buffer, which are equivalent in their joint lubricating qualities. Of the three artificial lubricants tested, only polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone is superior to buffer or serum as a joint lubricant at 37 °C. At 55 °C both polyvinyl‐pyrrolidone and methyl cellulose had the same effect. At no time was any of the artificial lubricants tested as effective at reducing joint friction as was synovial fluid. Silicone fluid was consistently an inferior joint lubricant compared with buffer or serum. It was concluded that effective joint lubrication with artificial lubricants depends on their boundary and hydrophilic properties, rather than directly on their flow characteristics.
Mycoplasma Hyorhinis Swine Arthritis. II. Morphologic Features
Authors: Ennis R. S. , Dalgard D. , Willerson J. T. , Barden J. A. , Decker J. L.
Published: February 2007

Mycoplasma hyorhinis arthritis, induced in young Yorkshire swine, can be considered as a three‐stage process. The first 3 weeks of the disease were characterized by a severe polyserositis and mild synovitis. In the second stage, mononuclear cell infiltration of the synovium and other tissues was apparent. In the final stage, beginning about 3 months after inoculation, lymphocytic aggregates had become nodular, synovial hypertrophy was pronounced, and bone and cartilage destruction by pannus was common. Continued activity was apparent to Day 224.
Intra‐Articular Thiotepa in Rheumatoid Disease. A Clinical Analysis of 123 Injected MP and PIP Joints
Authors: Ellison Monty R. , Flatt Adrian E.
Published: February 2007

This report deals with 30 patients with established rheumatoid disease who received an intra‐articular injection of Thiotepa into the small joints of the hands. One hundred twenty‐three individual joints have been injected, and the follow‐up period averages 4.8 years. The study represents a follow‐up report on an original trial begun in 1962 by Dr. Adrian E. Flatt at the University of Iowa Hospitals. Our results are assessed on the basis of four parameters: symptomatic pain relief, clinical response to injection, postinjection radiographic progression, and postinjection progression of clinical deformity. An attempt is made to relate the results to the stage of local disease in the injected joints, as well as to the systemic disease state in each individual. Only 7 of our 30 patients had a good result when all four parameters were considered. Our analysis of these 7 patients, and our indications for the continued use of Thiotepa are included in this report.
Levels of Three Hydrolases in Rheumatoid and Regenerated Synovium
Authors: Granda J. L. , Ranawat C. S. , Posner A. S.
Published: February 2007

The levels of three hydrolases, β‐glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and cathepsin‐D were measured in rheumatoid and regenerated synovium. Only cathepsin‐D levels proved to be valuable as an index of inflammation. The levels found were: normal = 0.566 (μEq tyrosine/hr/mg protein); regenerated synovium = 0.667 ± 0.343; and rheumatoid synovium = 1.481 ± 0.487. The levels of cathepsin‐D increased in the regenerated synovium in relation to the time after synovectomy, reaching the levels of rheumatoid synovium after 3½ years.
The Release of DNA into Serum and Synovial Fluid
Authors: Hughes Graham R. V. , Cohen Selwyn A. , Lightfoot Robert W. , Meltzer Jay I. , Christian Charles L.
Published: February 2007

In 5 of 15 patients receiving high dose corticosteroids for a variety of disorders, and in 7 of 11 patients undergoing cardiac surgery involving periods of extra‐corporeal circulation, circulating DNA was detected. DNA was also detected in 41 of 63 synovial fluid samples tested. It is suggested that release of DNA is a relatively common phenomenon and may follow a variety of causes of cellular injury. The release of this antigen in SLE patients with circulating antiDNA antibodies may provide an opportunity for in vivo immune complex formation and resultant renal damage.