bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION MODEL FOR DRIVER PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION TO AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE COCKPIT DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Iuskevich I. , Hein A. M. , Amokrane-Ferka K. , Doufene A. , Jankovic M.
Published: June 2020

The latest advances in the design of vehicles with the adaptive level of automation pose new challenges in the vehicle-driver interaction. Safety requirements underline the need to explore optimal cockpit architectures with regard to driver cognitive and perceptual workload, eyes-off-the-road time and situation awareness. We propose to integrate existing task analysis approaches into system architecture evaluation for the early-stage design optimization. We built the discrete-event simulation tool and applied it within the multi-sensory (sight, sound, touch) cockpit design industrial project.
THE EVOLUTION OF VIRTUAL REALITY TOWARDS THE USAGE IN EARLY DESIGN PHASES
Authors: Balzerkiewitz H.-P. , Stechert C.
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present work is to show possibilities with which 3D models in virtual reality (VR) can be created and exported. First an overview of the existing hard- and software is given. Subsequently, existing solution concepts are analysed which, however, are not used in product development. Based on these knowledge a concept for the creation of 3D models in VR and the export of these models is developed.
COMBINING AGILE APPROACHES AND RISK MANAGEMENT FOR MECHATRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Trauer J. , Schweigert-Recksiek S. , Gövert K. , Mörtl M. , Lindemann U.
Published: June 2020

As the benefits and potentials of agile approaches become increasingly clearer, also hardware product development seeks to apply those methods and procedures. However, mechatronic hardware products are often subject to stricter safety regulations so that a consequent risk management is essential. This paper presents a risk management method suitable for agile product development projects. The method together with an adapted agile procedure were applied and evaluated in a successful industrial case study. This lead to the extended application of agile approaches in other parts of the company.
IDENTIFYING GAPS IN AUTOMATING THE ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVELS
Authors: Faidi S. , Olechowski A.
Published: June 2020

Crucial in the design process, Technology Readiness Levels are a common form of technology maturity assessment. Studies suggest that the TRL scale can be subjective and biased. Automating the assessment can reduce human bias. This paper highlights important challenges of automation by presenting data collected on 15 technologies from the nanotechnology sector. Our findings show that, contrary to claims from the literature, patent data exists for low maturity technologies and may be useful for automation. We also found that there exists unexpected trends in data publications at TRL 2, 3 and 4.
VOLUMETRIC CELLS: A FRAMEWORK FOR A BIO-INSPIRED GEOMETRIC MODELLING METHOD TO SUPPORT HETEROGENEOUS LATTICE STRUCTURES
Authors: Letov N. , Zhao Y. F.
Published: June 2020

Current geometrical modelling approaches are unable to handle complex geometrical objects such as heterogeneous lattice structures. In this work, a framework for a novel bio-inspired geometric modelling method is proposed. The method can potentially support geometric modelling of heterogeneous lattice structures. The method utilises discretisation algorithms that are based on cell division processes encountered in nature. The method is verified on two 2D use-cases.
EXTENDED APPROACH TO OPTIMIZE MODULAR PRODUCTS THROUGH THE POTENTIALS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Steffan K.-E. W. H. , Fett M. , Kirchner E.
Published: June 2020

In modular products conflicting objectives may occur. This leads to characteristics as component-dependent oversizing and undersizing as well as increased complexity of the interfaces. These conflicts can be resolved using the potentials of AM processes. For the best use possible, the potentials are systematically considered in the early design phases as part of an extended procedure. The extended procedure improves the benefit-effort ratio of modular respectively individual products and a further optimization of the product architecture and consideration of synergy effects is achieved.
TRANS-EPISTEMIC DESIGN-(RESEARCH): THEORIZING DESIGN WITHIN INDUSTRY 4.0 AND COGNITIVE ASSISTIVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Keller A. , Weber S. M.
Published: June 2020

The paper suggests an innovative design research and intervention approach using a poststructuralist organizational education perspective. The potential of a high impact trans-epistemic design process is shown for the field of industry 4.0 and the specific context of cognitive assistive systems (CASs). The multi-layered approach addresses the design of technical, social and educational complexity to implement CASs sustainably on the shopfloor and exploit their potential in industry 4.0. Finally, we will shed light on how the approach can enhance deep organizational transformation in industry.
STRATEGIC PROTOTYPING TO LEARN IN STANFORD UNIVERSITY'S ME310 DESIGN INNOVATION COURSE
Authors: Domingo L. , Moore D. , Sirkin D. , Toye G. , Leifer L. , Cutkosky M.
Published: June 2020

Through a strategic learning process, prototypes unveil design directions. We provide a review of prototyping methods for novice designers to study and pedagogical practice for capstone design course faculty to juxtapose. Stanford University's ME310 graduate-level project-based learning course introduces students to various prototyping design techniques, such as Needfinding and Benchmarking, and prototyping methods, such as the Critical Experience Prototype, Critical Function Prototype, Dark Horse Prototype, Part-X is Finished, Funky System Prototype, and Functional System Prototype.
AN ANALYTICAL COST MODEL FOR INVESTMENT CASTING
Authors: Mandolini M. , Campi F. , Favi C. , Cicconi P. , Germani M.
Published: June 2020

Analytical cost estimation of investment casted products during design phase is a complex task since the quantity of parameters to be evaluated. So far, there is a short literature on such cost estimation models. This paper attempts to improve the cost model presented by Boothroyd and Dewhurst. Improvements (mainly focused on cluster assembly and investment, sintering and melting phases) were defined and verified in cooperation with two foundries. Tested on eight components, deviation between estimated and actual costs is around 14% for manual production lines and 6% for automatic ones.
FROM BAUHAUS TO DESIGN THINKING AND BEYOND: A COMPARISON OF TWO DESIGN EDUCATIONAL SCHOOLS
Authors: Thoring K. , Mueller R. M. , Giegler S. , Badke-Schaub P.
Published: June 2020

This paper compares two pioneering design educational approaches: the historic Bauhaus school founded in 1919 in Germany, and contemporary design thinking education, based on the example of the “HPI School of Design Thinking”. We compare both approaches according to six emerging categories: (1) curriculum, (2) multi-disciplinarity, (3) mind-set and culture, (4) study environment, (5) conditions for innovation, and (6) socio-economic context. We outline differences and similarities and discuss the possible impact for future design education.
DERIVATION OF STARTING SOLUTIONS BASED ON PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE FLEXIBILITY EVALUATION
Authors: Riesener M. , Dölle C. , Schuh G. , Mendl-Heinisch M. , Keuper A.
Published: June 2020

Manufacturing companies nowadays face growing numbers of heterogeneous customer requirements. Due to that, internal and external complexity lead to an increase in the associated costs. Especially companies with a high Engineer-to-Order business are strongly affected. To reduce external and internal complexity, Starting Solutions are a suitable way to do that. Starting Solutions require on the one hand the evaluation of product flexibility, on the other hand the evaluation of customer requirements. These two requirements are compared to each other and Starting Solutions are thereby derived.
HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS DESIGN: A SANDBOX OF CURRENT RESEARCH THEMES PRESENTED AT AN INTERNATIONAL MEETING
Authors: Ciccone N. , Patou F. , Komashie A. , Lame G. , Clarkson P. J. , Maier A. M.
Published: June 2020

Healthcare systems are under strain, this creates a challenge for designers to develop solutions for better health and care delivery. This paper presents a sandbox of illustrative design themes used to improve health systems based on state of the art research projects. These were collated from presentations at The Second International Meeting on Healthcare Systems Design Research, held at DTU-Technical University of Denmark. Attending groups were mapped based on their research keywords, target journals and methodologies in order to gain insight on the communities research landscape.
EXTRAPOLATION OF DESIGN GUIDELINES DURING THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN PHASE: A METHOD TO SUPPORT PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
Authors: Formentini G. , Favi C. , Bouissiere F. , Cuiller C. , Dereux P.-E. , Guillaume R. , Malchair C.
Published: June 2020

The work aims at the definition of a design methodology able to drive designers in the definition of product architectures, starting from rough information available at the conceptual design. The methodology identifies design guidelines useful for the development of product architectures optimized for a given target (i.e. assembly, cost). The methodology is based on domains which combine attributes related to a specific aspect of the target. The exploratory application of the methodology was performed to address the equipment installation of a civil aircraft for assembly/installation target.
QUALITATIVE MODELLING IN EMBODIMENT DESIGN - INVESTIGATING THE CONTACT AND CHANNEL APPROACH THROUGH ANALYSIS OF PROJECTS
Authors: Grauberger P. , Bremer F. , Sturm C. , Hoelz K. , Wessels H. , Gwosch T. , Wagner R. , Lanza G. , Albers A. , Matthiesen S.
Published: June 2020

Purposeful qualitative modelling of embodiment function relations is a challenge in embodiment design. This contribution investigates the applicability and usefulness of the Contact and Channel Approach as a qualitative modelling approach in a survey study. From 23 development and research projects, advantages and challenges regarding applicability and usefulness are identified. A further result is that many different models are used additionally to the Contact and Channel Approach. Based on the findings, research potential for optimization and development of links to other models emerges.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF USER INVOLVEMENT RESEARCH: A CONTRIBUTION TO USER-CENTRED DESIGN THEORY
Authors: Wallisch A. , Paetzold K.
Published: June 2020

The concept of involving user perspectives into product development processes has its roots in the early 1960s. Although this seems to be following a quite long tradition, as a design research field, it did not improve substantially and, so far, no consistent perception or even definition of the concept can be found. The paper points out where design research on user involvement still lacks methodological and theoretical foundation and makes the attempt of providing impulses for systemizing the existing body of knowledge within the Design Society as a research community.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: RISK IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT, AND MITIGATION – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Oehmen J. , Guenther A. , Herrmann J. W. , Schulte J. , Willumsen P.
Published: June 2020

This paper reviews the literature on risk management practices and methods in product design and development. Based on an expert workshop by the Risk Management Processes and Methods in Design Special Interest Group within the Design Society and literature review, three key areas are discussed: risk identification, assessment, and mitigation. In each area, researchers have described practices that are used in product development organizations, proposed new methods to support risk management processes and decision-making, and generated evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of these activities.
EVALUATING MBSE POTENTIAL USING PRODUCT AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS – A STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Schöberl M. , Rebentisch E. , Trauer J. , Mörtl M. , Fottner J.
Published: June 2020

As model-based systems engineering (MBSE) is evolving, the need for evaluating MBSE approaches grows. Literature shows that there is an untested assertion in the MBSE community that complexity drives the adoption of MBSE. To assess this assertion and support the evaluation of MBSE, a principal component analysis was carried out on eight product and development characteristics using data collected in an MBSE course, resulting in organizational complexity, product complexity and inertia. To conclude, the method developed in this paper enables organisations to evaluate their MBSE adoption potential.
CURRENT CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION APPROACHES IN EMPIRICAL ENGINEERING DESIGN RESEARCH – A WORKSHOP FOR EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Üreten S. , Eisenmann M. , Nelius T. , Garrelts E. , Krause D. , Matthiesen S.
Published: June 2020

The requirements on validity for studies in design research are very high. Therefore, this paper aims at identifying challenges that occur when setting up studies and suggests solution strategies to address them. Three different institutes combining their experience discussed several studies in a workshop. Resulting main challenges are to find a suitable task, to operationalise the variables and to deal with a high analysis effort per participant. Automation in data evaluation and a detailed practical guideline on studies in design research are considered necessary.
A FRAMEWORK FOR TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN DESIGN: CRITICALITY AND COMFORT ZONE FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Krus P. , Pereira L.
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes an analytical framework for estimating the domain where a type of technology can be used in a system. In order to achieve this aim, we have elaborated on the concepts of technology critical, technology sensitive, and the technology comfort zone, to analytically assess the impact of a new technology in the early phases of system design. The result is a general method to indicate the range of requirements that can result in valid designs. This tool can assist in the decision-making processes for technology portfolio selection based on sustainable principles.
E-LEARNING INFRASTRUCTURE PROTOTYPE FOR GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
Authors: Becattini N. , Škec S. , Pavković N. , Cascini G.
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the original integration of ICT tools and e-learning platform into an infrastructure to support Project-based learning for a design class that is geographically distributed across different countries. 30 Mechanical Engineering students from 4 European countries tested the infrastructure prototype for the development of an innovative solution in the field of white goods. The results produced evidence about the suitability of the proposal together with strong and weak points of the infrastructure, that can support further development and adaptation into different contexts.
A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL CONFIGURATION ALGORITHM FOR MODULAR PRODUCT ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Seiler F. M. , Krause D.
Published: June 2020

With an increasing demand for product individualisation leading to increased product architecture complexity and -costs, modular kits are one common measure to cope with this issue. The management of such a modular kit as well as the methodical determination of a specific product variant is key to the manufacturer's success. As multiple influence factors need to be taken into account when configuring product variants, we propose a multi-dimensional geometric optimisation algorithm, allowing for prioritising varying customer demands and thereby determining the ideally balanced product variant.
SUPPORTING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CONSTRAINT MODELLING IN EARLY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A SATELLITE PROPULSION CASE STUDY
Authors: Borgue O. , Valjak F. , Panarotto M. , Isaksson O.
Published: June 2020

Function and constraints modelling are implemented to design two gridded ion thrusters for additive manufacturing (AM). One concept takes advantage of AM design freedom, disregarding AM limitations and is not feasible. The other concept considers AM limitations and is manufacturable and feasible. Constraints modelling highlights AM capabilities that can be improved, showing where future investment is needed. Constraints representation can also support the creation of technology development roadmaps able to identify areas of AM technologies that must be improved.
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF COMPOSITES IN AERO-ENGINE COMPONENTS
Authors: Léonard P. L. Y. , Nylander J. W.
Published: June 2020

Environmental issues such as climate change are leading to sustainability challenges for the aerospace industry. New materials such as composites allow significant weight reduction, which leads to a lower fuel consumption. However, composites involve complex processes and there is a lack of knowledge on their social and environmental consequences. Through two cases based on real aero-engines components, this paper shows that the weight savings provided by composites reduce significantly the CO2 emissions during flight which compensates the environmental drawbacks from production and recycling.
DISCRETE-EVENT SIMULATION FOR SPECIFICATION DESIGN OF PRODUCTS IN PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Kloock-Schreiber D. , Siqueira R. , Gembarski P. C. , Lachmayer R.
Published: June 2020

Boundaries between products and services vanish and companies increasingly offer hybrid solutions known as Product Service Systems (PSS). Thereby, a holistic view that includes both the product and service parts must be taken. This paper presents a discrete-event simulation of a PSS as a method for the specification of the product part. Besides product and service, the application scenario and the decision-making are also modeled. Based on the results for a case study, the customer requirements could be guaranteed as the essential product specifications were optimized to minimize total costs.
HOW CAN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT THE LINK BETWEEN CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT? – A REVIEW
Authors: Villamil Velasquez C. , Salehi N. , Hallstedt S. I.
Published: June 2020

Linear production is related to resource scarcity and negative environmental impacts. Circular Economy (CE) emerged for society transition towards sustainability, based on regenerative systems and multiple life cycle products. Product Life cycle Management (PLM) supports the whole life cycle with the aid of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). A literature review analyzed the role of ICT enabling CE based on PLM, identifying challenges and opportunities, active and passive PLM, system perspective, stakeholder's role, and sustainability. Concluding that ICT enables the CE transition.
CHALLENGES FACED BY DESIGN ENGINEERS WHEN CONSIDERING MANUFACTURING IN DESIGN – AN INTERVIEW STUDY
Authors: Doellken M. , Zimmerer C. , Matthiesen S.
Published: June 2020

The consideration of manufacturing in design is still a challenge for design engineers. This paper presents the results of an interview study, conducted with 15 participants. 4 challenges are identified in this study: Manufacturing-specific knowledge is mostly not sufficient. The design of manufacturing-oriented concepts in terms of costs is difficult. The feasibility of manufacturing is not assessed. The dimension of cost drivers is unknown, hindering optimisation in early stages of design. Based on these results the need for further research emerges regarding the impact of these challenges.
IDENTIFYING THE EFFECT OF REVIEWERS’ EXPERTISE ON DESIGN REVIEW USING VIRTUAL REALITY AND DESKTOP INTERFACE
Authors: Horvat N. , Škec S. , Martinec T. , Lukačević F. , Perišić M. M.
Published: June 2020

This paper suggests that analysing the effect of visualisation technologies during design reviews should include variables related to design reviewers’ expertise and focus on the process variables rather than the outcomes. The experiment showed better averages in terms of design understanding for groups in desktop interface than for groups in virtual reality. However, the observed difference might also be due to experience with the technology. Finally, regardless of the visualisation technology, higher expertise group showed consistently better design understanding than lower expertise groups.
INCONSISTENCY MANAGEMENT FOR PRODUCT FAMILIES WITH MANY VARIANTS THROUGH A MODEL-BASED APPROACH IN MODULAR LIGHTWEIGHT DESIGN
Authors: Hanna M. , Schwenke J. , Krause D.
Published: June 2020

In methodical product development, numerous data are used and linked with each other, especially variant-related data. This paper presents a model-based solution for avoiding inconsistencies in the development of product families with many variants and extends it to modular lightweight design. In addition, the inconsistencies in methodical product development were classified and solution approaches were shown. Thus, inconsistencies can be avoided with the presented elaborated data model for an integrated product and process model based on the presented procedure.
A FORMALISATION APPROACH FOR COLLABORATIVE USER EXPERIENCE DESIGN
Authors: Kerpen D. , Conrad J. , Wallach D.
Published: June 2020

We propose to combine Collaborative User Experience Design (CUXD) projects with the integrated product and process modelling theory CPM/PDD to formalise the CUXD process model. CPM/PDD is discussed as a Design Theory and Methodology (DTM) to describe a product as well as the product development process based on a clear distinction of characteristics and properties. CUXD is presented as a cross-disciplinary, human-centred development model. It focuses on team collaboration, relates to concepts of Design Thinking, Agile Development as well as Lean UX and it highlights user experience metrics.
PROPOSING A GENERALIZED DESCRIPTION OF VARIATIONS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SYSTEMS BY THE MODEL OF PGE – PRODUCT GENERATION ENGINEERING
Authors: Albers A. , Rapp S. , Fahl J. , Hirschter T. , Revfi S. , Schulz M. , Stürmlinger T. , Spadinger M.
Published: June 2020

The model of PGE describes the emergence of new systems based on reference by the activities carryover, embodiment and principle variation - qualitatively different manifestations of a transfer process. We investigate indicators which constitute these different manifestations measurably for different types of systems. We propose generalized variation operators to describe system development with respect to different product elements and system types. We use case studies from automotive, production systems and simulation models.
PEVALUATING ENGINEERING DESIGN METHODS: TAKING INSPIRATION FROM SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND THE HEALTH SCIENCES
Authors: Hein A. M. , Lamé G.
Published: June 2020

Engineering design methods are typically evaluated via case studies, surveys, and experiments. Meanwhile, domains such as the health sciences as well as software engineering have developed further powerful evaluation approaches. The objective of this paper is to show how evaluation approaches from the health sciences and software engineering might further the evaluation of engineering design methods. We survey these approaches and show which approaches could be transferred to the evaluation of engineering design methods.
PUTTING USER IN CONTEXT: A PARTICIPATORY DESIGN APPROACH USING A SIMULATED BEACH ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Khayamian Esfahani B.
Published: June 2020

The research outlined in this paper investigated the sun protection behaviour in young men age 18 to 24. Firstly, field observations were conducted on the beach where the sun protection behaviour occurs. The findings highlighted the importance of gender linked with low levels of sun protection behaviour in young men. This informed the next study through participatory design sessions using a simulated beach environment. The results showed design opportunities with taking an account of gender in sun protection behaviour which opens new avenues where design has a key role in health promotion.
ADOPTION OF INSECT-EATING THROUGH PACKAGING DESIGN
Authors: Kauppi S.-M. , van der Schaar S.
Published: June 2020

Edible insects have been introduced as a novel protein source. Although the rationales for insect-eating highlight the urgency of changing diets into more sustainable solutions, there is still a need for better understanding how packaging design is related to adoption of insects. Much consumer research has been conducted to understand the acceptance of insects, but packaging design connected to practices has been given less focus. This article looks at packaging as a medium for stimulating adoption and links an empirical study on analogies for packaging design to practices of eating insects.
RELIABILITY RESEARCH ROADMAPPING WORKSHOP: IMPLICATIONS FOR ENGINEERING DESIGN
Authors: Campean F. , Delaux D. , Sharma S. , Bridges J.
Published: June 2020

Transportation industries are the centrepoint for some remarkable transformations driven by technology development and innovation. However, we have seen limited advances on methods to address reliability and resilience challenges emerging with increasingly complex systems and environments. This paper presents the outcomes of an European Reliability Research Roadmapping workshop, collating the views of automotive, aerospace and defence industries to identify current reliability challenges and research gaps and to define directions for future research and skills development.
SOCIOTECHNICAL INNOVATIONS OF SHORT FOOD SYSTEMS CASE STUDY OF THE CITY REGION ILE DE FRANCE
Authors: Serhan H. , Yannou-LeBris G.
Published: June 2020

This paper relies on four case studies designed as short food systems aimed at coupling production, distribution, and consumption to contribute to the ecological transition of the City-Region Île-de-France. Through documentary research and interviews, we explore the growth strategies and sociotechnical innovations these short food systems implemented, and the links that can be established between these innovations, localism strategies, and the regional sustainable development.
USERS’ SURVEY FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER DRONES
Authors: Rautray P. , Mathew D. J. , Eisenbart B.
Published: June 2020

The prosperity of any megacities heavily depends on smooth transport systems. In India, however, most cities are failing to keep in step with the growing demands. With new technologies, such as passenger drones, an alternate mode of intra-city transportation seems within reach. For successful development of passenger drones in a diverse country like India, understanding users’ needs are vital. This paper presents the results from a survey of potential users of passenger drones from across India. These are then used to derive concrete recommendations for passenger drones design parameters.
COMPETENCES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECODESIGN PRODUCTS
Authors: Kattwinkel D. , Bender B.
Published: June 2020

To respond to today's needs, engineers must be able to develop sustainable and environmentally compatible products and systems. To do so, they have to carry out new or changed activities and tasks within the product development process and therefore have to obtain new or changed competences. This publication examines which specific competences from the competence groups system thinking and communication are especially important for the development of Ecodesign products apart from technical know-how and should thus be included in a future higher education engineering course.
RELEVANCE OF PRODUCT INTEGRATION IN SCALED AGILE MECHATRONIC PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Schrof J. I. , Rathert F. , Paetzold K.
Published: June 2020

Industrial automotive development differs significantly from ideal agile conditions. Complex development structures, interlinkages between teams and non-functional physical dependencies between components result in agile constraints of scale and physicality. This qualitative study researches the influence of the product integration process on these constraints. The results show, that automotive integration characteristics such as duration, frequency, scope and transparency fail agile requirements and therefore cause constraints. Alternatives regarding IT and process design are discussed.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ENGINEERING (SDE)? PERSPECTIVES FROM A PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING EDUCATION: M.SC. IN SDE AT AALBORG UNIVERSITY COPENHAGEN
Authors: Valderrama Pineda A. F. , Niero M.
Published: June 2020

Sustainable Design Engineering (SDE) is an emerging research field and the development of programmes aiming at educating sustainable design engineers is very limited. One example is the SDE program at the Aalborg University in Copenhagen, which is based on a Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. In this article we aim to address the following three research questions: i) why Sustainable Design Engineering? ii) what is Sustainable Design Engineering? iii) How can Sustainable Design Engineering be implemented? By means of two examples from master thesis projects in the building and food sectors.
BARRIERS AND ENABLERS IN CO-DESIGNING WITH MARGINALISED PEOPLE
Authors: Jagtap S.
Published: June 2020

Co-design with marginalised people is crucial for sustained adoption and use of frugal innovations or Product Service Systems (PSS). Interviews were conducted with eighteen designers to identify barriers and enablers that they encounter in co-designing with marginalised people. The findings suggest that the factors supporting or hindering this co-design relate to the context of marginalised societies, co-design processes and methods, organisational issues, and aspects of collaboration. Consideration of these factors can lead to more impactful co-design with marginalised people.
REASONABLE APPLICATION OF AUGMENTED REALITY IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION
Authors: Chlebusch J. , Köhler I. , Stechert C.
Published: June 2020

Augmented Reality (AR) is to be used extensively in today's digitized teaching in order to enable students to a more efficient learning. However, teaching content must not be only digitised, but must be communicated in a meaningful way. For this purpose, a generally valid flowchart has been developed, that allows lectures to choose the right content for AR experiences. In order to create this flowchart, empirical values from test runs were combined with pedagogically proven empirical values for good teaching.
BUILDING THE HISTORY OF THE FUTURE: A TOOL FOR CULTURE-CENTRED DESIGN FOR THE SPECULATIVE FUTURE
Authors: Dong F. , Sterling S. , Schaefer D. , Forbes H.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, the authors propose a culture-centred tool called Speculative Ethnography to support the practice of design for the speculative future. Most explorations of tools and techniques of design for the speculative future focus on materialising the speculation. Instead, Speculative Ethnography provides a guideline to help designers define their speculation through the scientific imagination of the plausible future. It ensures the effectiveness of design for the speculative future and supports the interaction of culture and design for the speculative future.
ANALYSING THE EFFECT OF SELF-EFFICACY AND INFLUENCERS ON DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE
Authors: Singh H. , Cascini G. , McComb C.
Published: June 2020

Social media influencers (SMI) are gaining interest and many are studying their influence on the online audience, little is known about the role played by them in offline teams. One such attempt to study the effect of influencers in co-design team is presented in this paper, where individuals who are confident in their abilities drive the team process. Thus, self-efficacy is considered for determining influencer behaviour. Results expose the relationship between self-efficacy and influencer status on the design process, besides briefly highlighting the effects on above-average teams.
INFLUENCE OF THE PRODUCT CONTEXT OF USE ON A HYBRID SPORT-HEALTH SEMANTICS
Authors: Millet A. , Abi Akle A. , Legardeur J.
Published: June 2020

Products appearances are made of design choices influencing the way products are perceived. Products semantics is a methods used to understand and anticipate this phenomena. Nowadays, consumers consider sport products not only as “sport” but also as “health” products. Designers may then develop them as “sport-health” products. However, perception of “sport-health” products may vary according to the need to fit sport or health context of use. We present in this paper our experimental approach to understand the influence of sport and health contexts on “sport-health” semantics.
CREATIVE THINKING: COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS IMBUED WITH AI
Authors: Wendrich R. E.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a test bed for AI technology on the integration of creative AI (CAI) with hybrid design tools (HDTs). The objective is to build and develop tools and programs for creative people (e.g. designers, engineers) to use, whereby the artificial intelligence (AI) software acts as a creative collaborator rather than a mere tool. The goal is to find a set of guiding principles, metaphors and ideas that inform the development of a CAI praxis imbued with computational support tools, new theories, experiments, and applications. Results and findings are presented of early-stage research.
PARADOXICAL TENSION: BALANCING CONTEXTUAL AMBIDEXTERITY
Authors: Vettorello M. , Eisenbart B. , Ranscombe C.
Published: June 2020

The concepts of high-velocity, complexity and interdependency are nowadays vividly discussed in design-led innovation management. Design organisations seek to manage innovation in a more dynamic way to ensure competitive advantage and long-term competitiveness. Contextual ambidexterity is advised to be a dynamic capability that can facilitate firms to effectively manage incremental and radical innovation alike. This paper proposes an approach that focuses on the individual and the underlying thinking which bases its foundations on ambidextrous leadership, abductive reasoning and strategic fit.
COMPARING CONSUMERS’ PRODUCT CARE IN ACCESS AND OWNERSHIP MODELS
Authors: Tunn V. S. C. , Ackermann L.
Published: June 2020

Product-service systems are circular business models that can potentially extend product lifetimes and reduce resource consumption. However, consumer product care is crucial in these business models. We explore consumer product care of newly bought, second-hand, and accessed bicycles and washing machines through an online survey (n = 212). Our analysis shows lower consumer product care of accessed products compared to ownership. Three strategies could address this; design for care, design to reduce the need for care, contractual conditions to stimulate care or penalise the lack thereof.
EXPLORING HOW EXPERT BEHAVIOURAL DESIGNERS IDEATE IN THE BEHAVIOURAL DESIGN SPACE
Authors: Nielsen C. K. E. B. B. , Daalhuizen J. , Cash P.
Published: June 2020

Behavioural design is a critical means to address challenges surrounding human behaviour. However, practitioners and researcher face difficulties in synthesising relevant perspectives from across fields as behavioural challenges are complex and multi-dimensional. Taking a theory-building approach, this study explore how expert behavioural designers navigate in this complex design space by examining the creative outcome of their current ideation practice. The findings reveal that the designers favour ‘holding’ out of the four identified ideation patterns: holding, shifting, pairing, and mixing.
The ideal structures of self-similar -graph C*-algebras
Authors: LI HUI , YANG DILIAN
Published: June 2020

Let$(G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC})$be a self-similar$k$-graph with a possibly infinite vertex set$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}^{0}$. We associate a universal C*-algebra${\mathcal{O}}_{G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}}$to$(G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC})$. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the ideal structures of${\mathcal{O}}_{G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}}$. We prove that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between the set of all$G$-hereditary and$G$-saturated subsets of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}^{0}$and the set of all gauge-invariant and diagonal-invariant ideals of${\mathcal{O}}_{G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}}$. Under some conditions, we characterize all primitive ideals of${\mathcal{O}}_{G,\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}}$. Moreover, we describe the Jacobson topology of some concrete examples, which includes the C*-algebra of the product of odometers. On the way to our main results, we study self-similar$P$-graph C*-algebras in depth.
GROTHENDIECK GROUPS OF TRIANGULATED CATEGORIES VIA CLUSTER TILTING SUBCATEGORIES
Authors: FEDELE FRANCESCA
Published: June 2020

Let $k$ be a field, and let ${\mathcal{C}}$ be a $k$-linear, Hom-finite triangulated category with split idempotents. In this paper, we show that under suitable circumstances, the Grothendieck group of ${\mathcal{C}}$, denoted by $K_{0}({\mathcal{C}})$, can be expressed as a quotient of the split Grothendieck group of a higher cluster tilting subcategory of ${\mathcal{C}}$. The results we prove are higher versions of results on Grothendieck groups of triangulated categories by Xiao and Zhu and by Palu. Assume that $n\geqslant 2$ is an integer; ${\mathcal{C}}$ has a Serre functor $\mathbb{S}$ and an $n$-cluster tilting subcategory ${\mathcal{T}}$ such that $\operatorname{Ind}{\mathcal{T}}$ is locally bounded. Then, for every indecomposable $M$ in ${\mathcal{T}}$, there is an Auslander–Reiten $(n+2)$-angle in ${\mathcal{T}}$ of the form $\mathbb{S}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}^{-n}(M)\rightarrow T_{n-1}\rightarrow \cdots \rightarrow T_{0}\rightarrow M$ and $$\begin{eqnarray}K_{0}({\mathcal{C}})\cong K_{0}^{\text{sp}}({\mathcal{T}})\left/\left\langle -[M]+(-1)^{n}[\mathbb{S}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F4}^{-n}(M)]+\left.\mathop{\sum }_{i=0}^{n-1}(-1)^{i}[T_{i}]\right|M\in \operatorname{Ind}{\mathcal{T}}\right\rangle .\right.\end{eqnarray}$$ Assume now that $d$ is a positive integer and ${\mathcal{C}}$ has a $d$-cluster tilting subcategory ${\mathcal{S}}$ closed under $d$-suspension. Then, ${\mathcal{S}}$ is a so-called $(d+2)$-angulated category whose Grothendieck group $K_{0}({\mathcal{S}})$ can be defined as a certain quotient of $K_{0}^{\text{sp}}({\mathcal{S}})$. We will show $$\begin{eqnarray}K_{0}({\mathcal{C}})\cong K_{0}({\mathcal{S}}).\end{eqnarray}$$ Moreover, assume that $n=2d$, that all the above assumptions hold, and that ${\mathcal{T}}\subseteq {\mathcal{S}}$. Then our results can be combined to express $K_{0}({\mathcal{S}})$ as a quotient of $K_{0}^{\text{sp}}({\mathcal{T}})$.
Whiteness, Power and the Politics of Demographics in the Governance of the Canadian Academy
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Fuji , Howsam Robert
Published: June 2020

The predominance of Whiteness, and the corresponding lack of representation of people who are both racialized and minoritized, in the governance of universities is a political issue. We present the results from an intersectional diversity audit of central and senior academic administrators at five Canadian universities: Simon Fraser University, University of British Columbia, University of Toronto, University of Victoria and York University. Our findings indicate that racialized men and women are hitting ceilings in the middle administrative ranks. Conversely, we find a notable overrepresentation of White men and women in the senior administrative ranks. Our analysis suggests that White women, unlike racialized women and men, no longer face serious barriers to representation within these senior ranks. These findings raise concerns about processes of racialization that may impede career progress for some but accelerate it for others. They raise concerns about the politics of who lifts whom into the echelons of academic decision making, which in turn has implications for justice, knowledge and social meanings of competency.
My Three Selves
Authors: Pettit Philip
Published: June 2020

Having a self means being able think of myself under a certain profile that that is me: that is who I am, that is how I am. But if I raise the question as to who or how I am, there are three salient profiles in which I can cast myself, three selves with which we can identify. I can see myself just as an agent identified over time by the linkages between my experiences, my attitudes and my actions. I can see myself as the persona that I invite others to rely on and that, if sincere, I internalize. And I can see myself as the figure I cut in other people's eyes, whether or not I welcome that image. Such ambiguities help explain the complexity in philosophical discussion of the self as well as the conflict in everyday exhortations to be ourselves and know ourselves, yet also to forget ourselves and lose ourselves.
Apathy is associated with white matter network disruption and specific cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wen Ming-Ching , Thiery Alexandre , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac , Kok Trina , Xu Zheyu , Chua Shu Ting , Tan Louis C.S.
Published: June 2020

Background

Apathy is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) but its underlying white matter (WM) architecture is not well understood. Moreover, how apathy affects cognitive functions in PD remains unclear. We investigated apathy-related WM network alterations and the impact of apathy on cognition in the context of PD.

Methods

Apathetic PD patients (aPD), non-apathetic PD patients (naPD), and matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain scans and clinical assessment. Graph-theoretical and network-based analyses were used for group comparisons of WM features derived from diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI). Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of apathy and other correlates on different cognitive functions.

Results

The aPD group was impaired on neural integration measured by global efficiency (p =0.009) and characteristic path length (p= 0.04), executive function (p< 0.001), episodic memory (p< 0.001) and visuospatial ability (p= 0.02), and had reduced connectivity between the bilateral parietal lobes and between the putamen and temporal regions (p< 0.05). In PD, executive function was directly impacted by apathy and motor severity and indirectly influenced by depression; episodic memory was directly and indirectly impacted by apathy and depression, respectively; conversely, visuospatial ability was not related to any of these factors. Neural integration, though being marginally correlated with apathy, was not associated with cognition.

Conclusions

Our results suggest compromised neural integration and reduced structural connectivity in aPD. Apathy, depression, and motor severity showed distinct impacts on different cognitive functions with apathy being the most influential determinant of cognition in PD.
Networks, Informal Governance, and Ethnic Violence in a Syrian City
Authors: Mazur Kevin
Published: June 2020

In cross-national studies, ethnic exclusion is robustly associated with the onset of violent challenge to incumbent regimes. But significant variation remains at the subnational level—not all members of an excluded ethnic group join in challenge. This article accounts for intra-ethnic group variation in terms of the network properties of local communities, nested within ethnic groups, and the informal ties that regimes forge to some segments of the ethnically excluded population. Mobilization within an excluded ethnic group is most likely among local communities where members are densely linked to one another and lack network access to state-controlled resources. Drawing on a case study of the Syrian city of Homs in the 2011 uprising, this article demonstrates how the Syrian regime’s strategies of managing the Sunni population of Homs shaped patterns of challenge. On the one hand, the state’s toleration of spontaneous settlements on the city’s periphery helped to reproduce dense network ties. On the other hand, the regime’s informal bargains with customary leaders instrumentalized those ties to manage local populations. These bargains could not withstand the regime’s use of violence against challengers, which meant that these same local networks became crucial factors in impelling and sustaining costly antiregime mobilization.
‘Not dead but sleeping’: Expanding international law to better regulate the diverse effects of ceasefire agreements
Authors: Sosnowski Marika
Published: June 2020

Ceasefire agreements are legally governed by international humanitarian law because they have generally been considered in relation to how they affect levels of violence. However, new research in the fields of anthropology, security, and development studies suggests that ceasefires can have many more ramifications. These range from their ability to influence governance institutions, property and citizenship rights, economic networks, and security mechanisms. Consequently, this article suggests that a broader legal framework is needed through which to consider ceasefires and their consequences. While canvassing the option of ceasefires being types of contractual documents or as special agreements under Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions, the article concludes that the best way to regulate ceasefire agreements is through an expanded version of lex pacificatoria. Rather than being governed by hard international law, such a move would allow for the implementation of more flexible programmatic standards to influence the myriad ways ceasefires are negotiated, the conduct of belligerents, and their diverse effects on the ground during wartime.
Periodic fever syndromes: a patient diagnosed with recurrent Kawasaki disease
Authors: Turk Sena , Aydin Derya , Dogan Eser , Levent Erturk , Kutukculer Necil
Published: June 2020

Kawasaki disease, known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a multi-system disease of unknown aetiology that occurs in young children under 5 years of age. The recurrence rate of Kawasaki disease is as rare as 1–3%. Especially in cases with coronary artery involvement, recurrent Kawasaki disease should be investigated in terms of underlying rheumatologic diseases such as periodic fever syndromes, microscopic polyangiitis, polyarteritis nodosa, and systemic-onset juvenile arthritis. In this study, we report homozygote mutations in mevalonate kinase and familial Mediterranean fever genes in a recurrent Kawasaki disease with coronary dilatation.
First reported case of unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot complicated with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)
Authors: Moazenzadeh Mansoor , Jafari Fatemeh , Farrokhnia Mehrdad , Aliramezany Maryam
Published: June 2020

The incidence of novel coronavirus disease-19 (nCoV-19) and its associated complications is higher in high-risk groups. In this article, we explain the symptoms and course of the disease and the treatment for an adult patient with CHD who has been infected with novel nCoV-19.