bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methodological recommendations for cognition trials in bipolar disorder by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force
Authors: Miskowiak KW , Burdick KE , Martinez‐Aran A , Bonnin CM , Bowie CR , Carvalho AF , Gallagher P , Lafer B , López‐Jaramillo C , Sumiyoshi T , McIntyre RS , Schaffer A , Porter RJ , Torres IJ , Yatham LN , Young AH , Kessing LV , Vieta E
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To aid the development of treatment for cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder, the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) convened a task force to create a consensus‐based guidance paper for the methodology and design of cognition trials in bipolar disorder.

Methods

The task force was launched in September 2016, consisting of 18 international experts from nine countries. A series of methodological issues were identified based on literature review and expert opinion. The issues were discussed and expanded upon in an initial face‐to‐face meeting, telephone conference call and email exchanges. Based upon these exchanges, recommendations were achieved.

Results

Key methodological challenges are: lack of consensus on how to screen for entry into cognitive treatment trials, define cognitive impairment, track efficacy, assess functional implications, and manage mood symptoms and concomitant medication. Task force recommendations are to: (i) enrich trials with objectively measured cognitively impaired patients; (ii) generally select a broad cognitive composite score as the primary outcome and a functional measure as a key secondary outcome; and (iii) include remitted or partly remitted patients. It is strongly encouraged that trials exclude patients with current substance or alcohol use disorders, neurological disease or unstable medical illness, and keep non‐study medications stable. Additional methodological considerations include neuroimaging assessments, targeting of treatments to illness stage and using a multimodal approach.

Conclusions

This ISBD task force guidance paper provides the first consensus‐based recommendations for cognition trials in bipolar disorder. Adherence to these recommendations will likely improve the sensitivity in detecting treatment efficacy in future trials and increase comparability between studies.
Outcomes for bipolar patients assessed in the French expert center network: A 2‐year follow‐up observational study (FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise for Bipolar Disorder [FACE‐BD])
Authors: Henry Chantal , Godin Ophelia , Courtet Philippe , Azorin Jean‐Michel , Gard Sébastien , Bellivier Frank , Polosan Mircea , Kahn Jean‐Pierre , Roux Paul , Aubin Valerie , Costagliola Dominique , Leboyer Marion , Etain Bruno ,   the FACE‐BD collaborators
Published: September 2017

Objective

A new health care system for patients with bipolar disorders was established in France under the auspices of Fondation FondaMental, based on thorough clinical assessment of patients and on close collaborations between expert centers and referring practitioners. We report the results of outcomes after 2 years of observational follow‐up of adult patients assessed within the network.

Method

A total of 984 patients were included in the study. We compared several parameters (e.g., mood episodes and hospitalization) 1 year before inclusion and after 2 years of observational follow‐up using the patient as his or her own control. Other outcomes were compared at baseline and during follow‐up. We estimated the evolution of these parameters over a period of 2 years using mixed models for continuous parameters and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model for categorical variables, adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results

Mean age was 42.7 (±12.5) years and 58.8% were women. The number of hospitalization days decreased by 55% when comparing 1 year before inclusion vs the follow‐up period. In addition, patients showed a clear functional improvement associated with a reduction of residual mood symptoms, diminished psychiatric comorbidities, improvement of sleep and a better adherence to treatment.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates an overall improvement of patients followed for 2 years after an assessment in expert centers for bipolar disorders. This new organization based on a thorough clinical assessment and on personalized recommendations (drug treatments, psycho‐social strategies and lifestyle measures) sent to health care professionals, and actively involving patients and families, improves the prognosis of BD patients.
DO PRIVATE TUTORS ENHANCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ABILITY? REGRESSION DISCONTINUITY EVIDENCE FROM A POLICY EXPERIMENT IN INDIA
Authors: Chatterjee Somdeep
Published: September 2017

Empirical evidence has shown that returns to English language ability are substantial in India. Research has also focused on the impact of private tutoring in the context of developing economies to find evidence that remedial teaching leads to better student achievement and higher test scores. In this paper I analyze whether private tutoring helps in developing English language ability. Simple OLS estimates suggest statistically significant effects but estimated coefficients are rather small at 0.2 percentage points. Presence of confounders and selection bias may potentially understate the true effects of private tutoring on English language ability. To address this issue, I exploit a unique policy experiment in India in a regression discontinuity framework to identify cohorts eligible for private tutoring and compare their outcomes to the ineligible. I use this potentially exogenous policy variation as an instrument for private tutoring and find significant increases in English language ability estimated at 16 percentage points which is much larger than the simple OLS effects. Since standard academic curriculum is not directed towards improving foreign language ability, private tutoring as an input in the education production function seems to offer high marginal returns. From a policy perspective, this implies that private tutoring should be encouraged for enhancing English ability even though there are concerns that this provides disincentives for teachers to teach in school.
Holocene environmental history of the Ångermanälven Estuary, northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Warnock Jonathan P. , Bauersachs Thorsten , Kotthoff Ulrich , Brandt Hauke‐Tom , Andrén Elinor
Published: September 2017

The Baltic Sea has experienced a complex geological history, with notable swings in salinity driven by changes to its connection with the Atlantic and glacio‐isostatic rebound. Sediments obtained during International Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347 allow the study of the effects of these changes on the ecology of the Baltic in high resolution through the Holocene in areas where continuous records had not always been available. Sites M0061 and M0062, drilled in the Ångermanälven Estuary (northern Baltic Sea), contain records of Holocene‐aged sediments and microfossils. Here we present detailed records of palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental changes to the Ångermanälven Estuary inferred from diatom, palynomorph and organic‐geochemical data. Based on diatom assemblages, the record is divided into four zones that comprise the Ancylus Lake, Littorina Sea, Post‐Littorina Sea and Recent Baltic Sea stages. The Ancylus Lake phase is initially characterized as oligotrophic, with the majority of primary productivity in the upper water column. This transition to a eutrophic state continues into the Initial Littorina Sea stage. The Initial Littorina Sea stage contains the most marine phase recorded here, as well as low surface water temperatures. These conditions end before the Littorina Sea stage, which is marked by a return to oligotrophic conditions and warmer waters of the Holocene Thermal Maximum. Glacio‐isostatic rebound leads to a shallowing of the water column, allowing for increased benthic primary productivity and stratification of the water column. The Medieval Climate Anomaly is also identified within Post‐Littorina Sea sediments. Modern Baltic sediments and evidence of human‐induced eutrophication are seen. Human influence upon the Baltic Sea begins c. 1700 cal. a BP and becomes more intense c. 215 cal. a BP.
Immunological efficacy of herbal medicines in prostate cancer patients treated by personalized peptide vaccine
Authors: Koga Noriko , Moriya Fukuko , Waki Kayoko , Yamada Akira , Itoh Kyogo , Noguchi Masanori
Published: September 2017

This randomized phase II study investigated the immunological efficacy of herbal medicines (HM) using Hochu‐ekki‐to and Keishi‐bukuryo‐gan in combination with personalized peptide vaccination (PPV) for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Seventy patients with CRPC were assigned to two arms; PPV plus HM or PPV alone. Two to four peptides were chosen from 31 peptides derived from cancer antigens for a s.c. injection of PPV given eight times according to the patient's human leukocyte antigen type and levels of antigen‐specific IgG titer before PPV treatment. Peptide‐specific CTL, IgG, regulatory T cells (Treg), monocytic myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (Mo‐MDSC), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) responses were measured before and at the eighth vaccination. Clinical outcomes were also analyzed. Combination therapy of PPV with HM was well tolerated without severe adverse events. There was no significant change in antigen‐specific IgG, CTL, Treg or clinical outcomes. Combination therapy of PPV with HM stabilized the frequency of Mo‐MDSC (1.91%–1.92%, P = 0.96) and serum levels of IL‐6 (19.2 pg/mL to 16.1 pg/mL, P = 0.63) during the treatment. In contrast, the frequency of Mo‐MDSC and levels of IL‐6 in the PPV‐alone group were significantly increased (0.91%–1.49% for Mo‐MDSC and 9.2 pg/mL to 19.4 pg/mL for IL‐6, respectively). These results suggest that the combined use of HM has the potential to prevent the immunosuppression induced by Mo‐MDSC or IL‐6 during immunotherapy. More research is needed to validate the findings of the present study.
Education‐related inequality in restorative dental treatment need over 11 years in two areas of Finland
Authors: Raittio Eero , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Helminen Sari , Suominen Anna L.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to analyse education‐related inequality in restorative dental treatment need among adults aged 30 years and older living in Northern and Southern Finland in 2000 and 2011.

Methods

Data were taken from the Health 2000 and 2011 population‐based follow‐up surveys, including information gathered by interviews and clinical dental examination. Final effective sample sizes were 2423 people in 2000 and 1192 people in 2011. Restorative dental treatment need was measured with number of decayed and/or fractured teeth (DT + FrT). Education‐related inequality in number of DT + FrT and factors explaining it were analysed using the Poisson regression analysis, relative index of inequality and slope index of inequality.

Results

Average number of DT + FrT decreased from 2000 to 2011. Absolute and relative education‐related inequalities in them decreased approximately 50% and 25% from 2000 to 2011, respectively. Tooth brushing frequency and time since last dental visit explained approximately 30%‐40% of the education‐related inequality. The contribution of time since last dental visit to the education‐related inequality was smaller in 2011 than in 2000.

Conclusions

It seems that, from 2000 to 2011, the need for restorative dental treatment decreased simultaneously with the education‐related inequality in it among adults aged 30 years and older living in Northern and Southern Finland.
Prevention of total thyroidectomy in noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) based on combined interpretation of ultrasonographic and cytopathologic results
Authors: You Sung‐Hye , Lee Kyu Eun , Yoo Roh‐Eul , Choi Hye Jeong , Jung Kyeong Cheon , Won Jae‐Kyung , Kang Koung Mi , Yoon Tae Jin , Choi Seung Hong , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Kim Ji‐hoon
Published: September 2017

Objective

To explore the potential preoperative ultrasonography (US) and cytopathological features to avoid total thyroidectomy in NIFTP.

Context

Recently, it has been proposed that that noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) be classified as tumours, rather than cancer.

Patients

A total of 142 surgically proven follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinomas (FVPTCs; 45 NIFTP, 97 non‐NIFTP; mean size: 20.4±11.0 mm, range: 10.0‐65.0 mm) from 142 patients were included in this study.

Measurements

Three preoperative features of thyroid nodules (each US finding, US and Bethesda category) were compared in NIFTP and non‐NIFTP groups. The preoperative decision‐making process to avoid total thyroidectomy in NIFTP was evaluated based on combination of those features.

Results

In each US finding, there was only significantly less macrocalcification in the NIFTP group than in the non‐NIFTP group (8.8% [4/45] vs 32.0% [31/97], P = .006). In US category, all of the NIFTP nodules were a low or intermediate suspicion (100% [45/45]). In Bethesda category, 26.7% [12/45] of the NIFTP was diagnosed as either suspicious malignancy or malignant, which increased the risk of a total thyroidectomy. In our study, a total thyroidectomy might be avoided in all of the NIFTP cases if lobectomy was selected for the nodules classified as a low or intermediate suspicion in US, despite being classified as a suspicious malignancy or malignant by cytopathology.

Conclusions

Combining the US and cytopathological results could sensitively reduce total thyroidectomy in cases of NIFTP.
Despite available habitat at range edge, yellow‐cedar migration is punctuated with a past pulse tied to colder conditions
Authors: Krapek John , Hennon Paul E. , D'Amore David V. , Buma Brian
Published: September 2017

Aim

To explore the recent (past ~1,000 year) migration history of yellow‐cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis), a climate‐threatened tree, which appears to lag behind its potential climatic niche at a leading northern range edge, and infer its continued migration potential under changing climate.

Location

Southeast Alaska,USA.

Methods

We located 11 leading range edge yellow‐cedar stands near Juneau, Alaska, determined their proportional occupancy of modelled habitat and estimated stand ages to determine approximate time of establishment. We used future climate projections to determine the potential vulnerability of these leading edge populations using a well‐established risk factor for yellow‐cedar mortality in the region.

Results

Despite abundant potential habitat, and having existed in the study area > 675 years, yellow‐cedar has only occupied a small proportion (<0.8%) of suitable habitat. Yellow‐cedar appears to have undergone a past pulse of successful regeneration and establishment during the Little Ice Age climate period, with little expansion in recent decades. Under high emissions future climate scenarios, nine of 11 stands (82%) may become exposed to climate conditions that predispose yellow‐cedar to root freezing injury by 2070.

Main conclusions

We show that yellow‐cedar's migration near a northern range edge is episodic, with a past pulse of establishment during the Little Ice Age. When planning for the conservation and management of this culturally and economically valuable tree, forest managers should consider yellow‐cedar's currently limited migration at the leading edge, mortality emerging farther north in recent decades and potential vulnerability of range edge stands by 2070. The range of intense, climatic driven yellow‐cedar mortality is expanding northward and rapidly approaching the species' leading edge in southeast Alaska. Yellow‐cedar's episodic migration demonstrates that species may not respond linearly to a warming climate and that other factors controlling dispersal to suitable habitat must be considered for accurate range predictions.
BMP signaling regulates the skeletal and connective tissue differentiation during caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna)
Authors: Rajaram Shailja , Patel Sonam , Uggini Gowri Kumari , Desai Isha , Balakrishnan Suresh
Published: September 2017

Caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821) involves an initial wound healing stage, followed by blastema that is formed of fast proliferating cells. In order to replicate the lost fin, correct differentiation of the blastemal cells into various tissues is the prime essence. Among the molecular signals governing proper differentiation of blastemal cells, members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family are crucial. Herein, we investigated the specific effects of inhibition of BMP signaling using LDN193189 on skeletal and connective tissue formation in the regenerating tail fin of P. latipinna during early differentiation phase. It was observed that BMP inhibition leads to reduction in the length of regeneration, which can be correlated with compromised proliferation of blastemal cells. Decreased expression of cell proliferation marker like pcna together with reduced BrdU positive cells consolidate the above observation. Further, histological analysis revealed stunted progression of skeletal tissues and this correlated with the reduced expression of sox9, runx2 and dlx5, Osc and Osn genes in response to BMP inhibition. Also, defective bone patterning was observed due to BMP inhibition, which was associated with diminished levels of shh, ptc‐1, gli2 and other BMP ligands. Moreover, histochemical analysis revealed that collagen, one of the most prominent components of connective tissue, was formed below par in treated fin tissues which was subsequently confirmed by biochemical and transcript level analyses. Overall our results highlight the importance of the BMP pathway in proper differentiation of skeletal and connective tissues during the differentiation stage of regenerating caudal fin.
Characterizing adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and intellectual disability: outcomes of a case‐finding study
Authors: Bryant L. D. , Russell A. M. , Walwyn R. E. A. , Farrin A. J. , Wright‐Hughes A. , Graham E. H. , Nagi D. , Stansfield A. , Birtwistle J. , Meer S. , Ajjan R. A. , House A. O.
Published: September 2017

Aims

To report the results of a case‐finding study conducted during a feasibility trial of a supported self‐management intervention for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the study sample in terms of diabetes control, health, and access to diabetes management services and support.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional case‐finding study in the UK (March 2013 to June 2015), which recruited participants mainly through primary care settings. Data were obtained from medical records and during home visits.

Results

Of the 325 referrals, 147 eligible individuals participated. The participants’ mean (sd) HbA1c concentration was 55 (15) mmol/mol [7.1 (1.4)%] and the mean (sd) BMI was 32.9 (7.9) kg/m2, with 20% of participants having a BMI >40 kg/m2. Self‐reported frequency of physical activity was low and 79% of participants reported comorbidity, for example, cardiovascular disease, in addition to Type 2 diabetes. The majority of participants (88%) had a formal or informal supporter involved in their diabetes care, but level and consistency of support varied greatly. Post hoc exploratory analyses showed a significant association between BMI and self‐reported mood, satisfaction with diet and weight.

Conclusions

We found high obesity and low physical activity levels in people with intellectual disability and Type 2 diabetes. Glycaemic control was no worse than in the general Type 2 diabetes population. Increased risk of morbidity in this population is less likely to be attributable to poor glycaemic control and is probably related, at least in part, to greater prevalence of obesity and inactivity. More research, focused on weight management and increasing activity in this population, is warranted.
Risk of lower extremity amputations in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in the USA: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Zhong , DeFalco Frank J. , Ryan Patrick B. , Schuemie Martijn J. , Stang Paul E. , Berlin Jesse A. , Desai Mehul , Rosenthal Norm
Published: September 2017

Aims

To examine the incidence of amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors overall, and canagliflozin specifically, compared with non‐SGLT2 inhibitor antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs).

Materials and Methods

Patients with T2DM newly exposed to SGLT2 inhibitors or non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs were identified using the Truven MarketScan database. The incidence of below‐knee lower extremity (BKLE) amputation was calculated for patients treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin, or non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs. Patients newly exposed to canagliflozin and non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs were matched 1:1 on propensity scores, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used for comparative analysis. Negative controls (outcomes not believed to be associated with any AHA) were used to calibratePvalues.

Results

Between April 1, 2013 and October 31, 2016, 118 018 new users of SGLT2 inhibitors, including 73 024 of canagliflozin, and 226 623 new users of non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs were identified. The crude incidence rates of BKLE amputation were 1.22, 1.26 and 1.87 events per 1000 person‐years with SGLT2 inhibitors, canagliflozin and non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs, respectively. For the comparative analysis, 63 845 new users of canagliflozin were matched with 63 845 new users of non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs, resulting in well‐balanced baseline covariates. The incidence rates of BKLE amputation were 1.18 and 1.12 events per 1000 person‐years with canagliflozin and non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs, respectively; the hazard ratio was 0.98 (95% confidence interval 0.68–1.41;P = .92, calibratedP = .95).

Conclusions

This real‐world study observed no evidence of increased risk of BKLE amputation for new users of canagliflozin compared with non‐SGLT2 inhibitor AHAs in a broad population of patients with T2DM.
Behaviors associated with mating success in the “purring” wolf spider Gladicosa gulosa
Authors: Sweger Alexander L. , Vaughn Corey J. , Uetz George W.
Published: September 2017

Studies of sexual selection in animal systems frequently use courtship and receptivity behaviors as metrics for mating success, and this is generally built upon data associating such behaviors with mating. Spider systems are becoming increasingly popular in sexual selection research, and the wolf spider Gladicosa gulosa has the potential to help answer unique questions in animal communication. However, this species is understudied, and no quantitative data exist that demonstrate which male and female behaviors may be indicators of mating success. We paired male and female G. gulosa and recorded the behaviors involved in their courtship and mating. We found a number of significant behaviors from both males and females, and we suggest which behaviors/variables are perhaps most predictive of mating success. Beyond building a data‐based foundation for future work, we also suggest that the relationship of certain male and female variables may shed light on some of the more unique features of this species.
Stabilizing an amyloidogenic λ6 light chain variable domain
Authors: Luna‐Martínez Oscar D. , Hernández‐Santoyo Alejandra , Villalba‐Velázquez Myriam I. , Sánchez‐Alcalá Rosalba , Fernández‐Velasco Daniel A. , Becerril Baltazar
Published: September 2017

Light chain amyloidosis is a lethal disease where vital organs are damaged by the fibrillar aggregation of monoclonal light chains. λ6a is an immunoglobulin light chain encoded by the germ‐line gene segment implicated in this disease. AR is a patient‐derived germ‐line variant with a markedly low thermodynamic stability and prone to form fibrils in vitro in less than an hour. Here, we sought to stabilize this domain by mutating some residues back to the germ‐line sequence, and the most stabilizing mutations were the single‐mutant AR‐F21I and the double‐mutant AR‐F21/IV104L, both located in the hydrophobic core. While mutation Arg25Gly in 6aJL2 destabilized the domain, mutating Gly25 back to arginine in AR did not contribute to stabilization as expected. Crystallographic structures of AR and 6a‐R25G were generated to explain this discrepancy. Finally, 6a‐R25G crystals revealed an octameric assembly which was emulated into 6aJL2 and AR crystals by replicating their structural parameters and suggesting a common assembly pattern.

Database

The atomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession numbers 5IR3 and 5C9K.
Elucidation of GlcNAc‐binding properties of type III intermediate filament proteins, using GlcNAc‐bearing polymers
Authors: Ise Hirohiko , Yamasaki Sadanori , Sueyoshi Kazuaki , Miura Yoshiko
Published: September 2017

Vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and peripherin belong to type III intermediate filament family and are expressed in mesenchymal cells, skeletal muscle cells, astrocytes and peripheral neurons, respectively. Vimentin and desmin possess N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine (GlcNAc)‐binding properties on cell surfaces. The rod II domain of these proteins is a GlcNAc‐binding site, which also exists in GFAP and peripherin. However, the GlcNAc‐binding activities and behaviors of these proteins remain unclear. Here, we characterized the interaction and binding behaviors of these proteins, using various well‐defined GlcNAc‐bearing polymers synthesized by radical polymerization with a reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer reagent. The small GlcNAc‐bearing polymers strongly interacted with HeLa cells through vimentin expressed on the cell surface and interacted with vimentin‐, desmin‐, GFAP‐ and peripherin‐transfected vimentin‐deficient HeLa cells. These proteins present high affinity to GlcNAc‐bearing polymers, as shown by surface plasmon resonance. These results show that type III intermediate filament proteins possess GlcNAc‐binding activities on cell surfaces. These findings provide important insights into novel cellular functions and physiological significance of type III intermediate filaments.
Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Schisandrin C promote mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells
Authors: Takanche J. S. , Lee Y.‐H. , Kim J.‐S. , Kim J.‐E. , Han S.‐H. , Lee S.‐W. , Yi H.‐K.
Published: September 2017

Aim

To examine the properties of Schisandrin C as an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compound, and whether its characteristics promote mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).

Methodology

HDPCs were extracted from fresh third molars and cultured for experiments. Reactive oxidative stress (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) formation were analysed by a Muse cell analyser. Western blotting and gelatin zymography were used to identify the presence of antioxidants, as well as anti‐inflammatory and mitochondrial biogenesis with specific antibody. An unpaired Student's t‐test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Schisandrin C inhibited lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated inflammatory molecules; interleukin 1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha, intracellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9, NO production, ROS formation, nuclear factor kappa B translocation (P < 0.05) through the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Schisandrin C increased the expression of superoxide dismutase enzymes as well as haem oxygenase‐1 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha through the phosphorylated‐protein kinase B (p‐Akt) and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor‐2 pathways (P < 0.05). The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Schisandrin C promoted mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions

Schisandrin C has the potential to reduce inflammation and oxidation and to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, Schisandrin C may be considered for use as an anti‐inflammatory compound for oral inflammation through mitochondrial biogenesis.
Elastic properties of multi‐layered ceramic systems for SOCs
Authors: Masini Alessia , Šiška Filip , Ševeček Oldřich , Chlup Zdeněk , Dlouhý Ivo
Published: September 2017

SOCs (Solid Oxide Cells) operate in harsh conditions and have to withstand considerable static and cyclic stresses, both mechanical and thermal. Thus, their mechanical stability is threatened. One fundamental aspect is the structural integrity of the cell. In fact, mechanical failure of a single cell can damage the whole stack, reducing the lifetime and the efficiency of the entire system.

This study focuses on the ceramic layered structure of an Yttria‐stabilized electrolyte supported cell. Its elastic modulus has been measured through destructive and nondestructive techniques (three‐point bending test, impulse excitation technique, tensile test). Many literature sources deal with properties of the most common electrolytes and electrodes, yet co‐sintering effects and interactions between layers are still not fully comprehended. In this contribution the overall elastic performance of the cell has been investigated, focusing on the role that the interface between layers plays in the changing of resulting mechanical properties. To enable this investigation, layers were added to the electrolyte one by one, thus allowing individual interactions to be distinguished with the help of numerical simulations. Results obtained for consecutive samples through different techniques have been compared and discussed.
Updated view on epidemiology and clinical aspects of pilomatricoma in adults
Authors: Han Geo , Kim Ae‐Ree , Song Hae Jun , Oh Chil Hwan , Jeon Jiehyun
Published: September 2017

Background

Clinically, pilomatricoma offers potential for a wide spectrum of differential diagnoses. It typically occurs in pediatric patients with the head being the most common location. A second peak of clinical presentation occurs in adults at age 50–65 years, suggesting a bimodal pattern of occurrence.

Objective

To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features of pilomatricoma in adults over 20 years old, as it is a common and frequently misdiagnosed tumor.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of pilomatricomas surgically removed at a tertiary hospital between January 1994 and December 2014. A search of the all‐pathological database of patients aged over 20 years old with a pathological diagnosis of pilomatricoma was carried out.

Results

The clinical preoperative diagnosis of pilomatricoma was made in 34.0% of cases. Tumor location showed a predilection to the head and neck. Of the reported concomitant neoplasm, a majority had accompanying skin tumors.

Conclusion

We conclude that clinical features in adults were similar to those of children. This study outlines clinical presentations that should help to guide differential diagnoses. Additionally, because of similarities between the distribution and depth of vellus hair follicles and pilomatricomas, it is probable that vellus hair bulbs may be the origin of this tumor.
Micro‐to‐nano domain structure and orbital hybridization in rare‐earth‐doped BiFeO3 across morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Chen Cheng‐Sao , Tu Chi‐Shun , Chen Pin‐Yi , Chang Wei Sea , Idzerda Yves U. , Ting Yi , Lee Jenn‐Min , Yu Chang Wei
Published: September 2017

This work demonstrates the critical role of orbital hybridizations in the FeO6 octahedral distortion, composition‐driven phase transition, and bonding covalency in multiferroic (Bi1−xSmx)FeO3 (x = 0.10‐0.20) ceramics in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Sequential composition‐driven transitions from the polar rhombohedral R3c to antipolar orthorhombic Pbam and then Pnma phases were revealed as the system crosses the MPB with increasing Sm. A coexistence of ferroelectric (FE) rhombohedral R3c and antiferroelectric (AFE) PbZrO3‐like orthorhombic Pbam symmetries was identified by the 1/2{000}, 1/4{100}, 1/4{110}, 1/4{111}, and 1/4{121} superlattice diffractions at x = 0.12‐0.16. In addition to R3c and Pbam space groups, the nonpolar SmFeO3‐like orthorhombic Pnma space group becomes the predominant phase at x = 0.20 confirmed by the 1/2{100} superlattice diffractions. The Fe L3‐edge and oxygen K‐edge synchrotron X‐ray absorptions indicate that the O 2p–Fe 3d and O 2p–Bi 6s/6p orbital hybridizations were decreased as the system approaches the MPB.
Association between HIV and blood pressure in adults and role of body weight as a mediator: Cross‐sectional study in Uganda
Authors: Okello Samson , Ueda Peter , Kanyesigye Michael , Byaruhanga Emmanuel , Kiyimba Achilles , Amanyire Gideon , Kintu Alex , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Muyindike Winnie R. , Danaei Goodarz
Published: September 2017

The authors sought to describe the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and blood pressure (BP) levels, and determined the extent to which this relationship is mediated by body weight in a cross‐sectional study of HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected controls matched by age, sex, and neighborhood. Mixed‐effects models were fit to determine the association between HIV and BP and amount of effect of HIV on BP mediated through body mass index. Data were analyzed from 577 HIV‐infected and 538 matched HIV‐uninfected participants. HIV infection was associated with 3.3 mm Hg lower systolic BP (1.2‐5.3 mm Hg), 1.5 mm Hg lower diastolic BP (0.2‐2.9 mm Hg), 0.3 m/s lower pulse wave velocity (0.1‐0.4 mm Hg), and 30% lower odds of hypertension (10%‐50%). Body mass index mediated 25% of the association between HIV and systolic BP. HIV infection was inversely associated with systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse wave velocity. Comprehensive community‐based programs to routinely screen for cardiovascular risk factors irrespective of HIV status should be operationalized in HIV‐endemic countries.
Case of lipoatrophic diabetes induced by juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Baba Yusuke , Kaneko Hiyori , Takemoto Minoru , Ide Kana , Haga Yuki , Kanda Tatsuo , Akita Shinsuke , Kubota Yoshitaka , Kuroda Masayuki , Kitagawa Yutaka , Yokote Koutaro
Published: September 2017

Lipodystrophy is a rare condition that is often accompanied by one or more metabolic diseases. Here, we report a case of lipoatrophic diabetes induced by juvenile dermatomyositis. Although pioglitazone was not effective for lowering blood glucose levels, our observation suggested that it improved liver function slightly. The effectiveness of metreleptin for lowering blood glucose levels could not be determined, as we administered it in a short period. Liver biopsy showed burned‐out non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. The present results show that the successful treatment of lipoatrophic diabetes induced by juvenile dermatomyositis requires an early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.
Risks of different skin tumour combinations after a first melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in Dutch population‐based cohorts: 1989–2009
Authors: van der Leest R.J.T. , Hollestein L.M. , Liu L. , Nijsten T. , de Vries E.
Published: September 2017

Background

Skin cancer patients are primarily at increased risk of developing subsequent skin cancers of the same type. Shared risk factors might also increase the occurrence of a different type of subsequent skin cancer.

Objective

To investigate risks of different skin tumour combinations after a first melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC).

Methods

All melanoma and SCC patients included in the national Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR) and all BCC patients included in the regional Eindhoven Cancer Registry (ECR) between 1989 and 2009 were followed until diagnosis of a subsequent different skin cancer (melanoma, SCC or BCC), date of death or end of study. Cumulative risks, standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and absolute excess risks (AER) of subsequent skin cancers were calculated.

Results

A total of 50 510 melanoma patients and 64 054 patients with a SCC of the skin were included (national data NCR). The regional data of the ECR consisted of 5776 melanoma patients, 5749 SCC patients and 41 485 BCC patients. The 21‐year cumulative risk for a subsequent melanoma after a first SCC or BCC was respectively 1.7% and 1.3% for males and 1.3% and 1.2% for females; SCC after melanoma or BCC was 4.6% and 9.3% (males) and 2.6% and 4.1% (females); BCC after melanoma or SCC was respectively 13.2% and 27.8% (males) and 14.9% and 21.1% (females). SIRs and AERs remained elevated up to 21 years after the first melanoma, SCC or BCC.

Conclusion

This large population‐based study investigating risks of developing a different subsequent cutaneous malignancy showed high‐cumulative risks of mainly KC and markedly increased relative and absolute risks of all tumour combinations. These estimates confirm a common carcinogenesis and can serve as a base for follow‐up guidelines and patient education aiming for an early detection of the subsequent cancers.
Prevalence and Correlates of Elder Abuse in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Blay Sergio L. , Laks Jerson , Marinho Valeska , Figueira Ivan , Maia Deborah , Coutinho Evandro S. F. , Quintana Ines M. , Mello Marcelo F. , Bressan Rodrigo A. , Mari Jair J. , Andreoli Sergio B.
Published: September 2017

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of elder abuse and to investigate potential sociodemographic, health behavior, and medical correlates.

Design

Cross‐sectional data were collected in face‐to‐face assessments.

Setting

São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Participants

Individuals aged 60 to 75.

Measurements

Information on elder abuse was obtained using the Brazil‐adapted, nine‐item Hwalek‐Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test. Sampling design–adjusted descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used in analyses.

Results

The overall prevalence of abuse was 14.4% (n = 46/259, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.82–20.61) in São Paulo and 13.3% (n = 27/197, 95% CI = 8.76–19.74) in Rio de Janeiro. Unadjusted analyses indicated that poor education, low physical activity, unemployment, heart disease, and psychiatric problems were associated with abuse, but in adjusted analyses, self‐reported elder abuse was significantly associated only with psychiatric problems (São Paulo: OR = 4.48, 95% CI = 1.75–11.45; Rio de Janeiro: OR = 21.61, 95% CI = 6.39–73.14).

Conclusion

Elder abuse is prevalent in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, but whether concomitants of abuse are cause, effect, or both is unclear because this was a cross‐sectional study. These findings highlight the importance of the problem, as well as the need to develop measures to increase awareness, facilitate prevention, and fight against abuse of elderly adults.
SFAS 133 and income smoothing via discretionary accruals: The role of hedge effectiveness and market volatility
Authors: Tessema Abiot , Deumes Rogier
Published: September 2017

This study investigates whether the Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 (SFAS 133) influences firms’ income smoothing via discretionary accruals decisions. Moreover, we investigate whether the level of hedge effectiveness and market volatility affects the impact of SFAS 133 on firms’ income smoothing via discretionary accruals decisions. Consistent with our predictions, we find a significant increase in income smoothing via discretionary accruals activity after the adoption of SFAS 133. We also find that income smoothing via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133 increases with the level of hedge ineffectiveness. By contrast, we find that perfect hedgers do not engage in more income smoothing via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133. Finally, we find that the higher the market volatility is the larger the income smoothing is via discretionary accruals after the adoption of SFAS 133. This implies that higher market volatility makes it more difficult for firms to meet hedge accounting requirements, thereby increasing unmanaged earnings volatility and income smoothing. Prior studies suggest that regulators are expressing concern about the effect of earnings management on the quality of reported earnings and the functioning of capital markets (e.g., Barton, ). In this regard, our findings imply that accounting standard setters should take into account the trade‐off between transparency and income smoothing.
Differences between inflammatory and catabolic mediators of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis lesions following initial mechanical therapy: An exploratory study
Authors: Ghighi M. , Llorens A. , Baroukh B. , Chaussain C. , Bouchard P. , Gosset M.
Published: September 2017

Background and Objective

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in inflammatory and catabolic mediators expressed in peri‐implantitis compared to periodontitis lesions after non‐surgical therapy. Peri‐implantitis is associated with a faster rate of bone loss when compared with periodontitis, and peri‐implant non‐surgical therapy is ineffective to cure peri‐implantitis. This may be due to persistent inflammation in peri‐implantitis tissues after initial mechanical treatment.

Material and Methods

Eleven patients with peri‐implantitis and 10 with severe chronic periodontitis received non‐surgical therapy. They were included at re‐evaluation (8 weeks) if they presented pocket depth ≥6 mm with bleeding on probing, and the indication for open flap debridement surgery. Connective tissues were harvested during surgery from diseased sites. Healthy gingiva were harvested during third molar extraction in a third group of healthy patients (n=10). Explants were incubated for 24 hours in media culture and the release of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) in the conditioned media was analyzed by an exploratory multiplex immunoassay. When difference was found in the conditioned media, an immunohistochemistry was performed to compare expression in the tissues.

Results

Connective tissues from non‐stabilized peri‐implantitis exhibited a distinct cytokine profile compared to periodontitis lesions that did not respond to initial therapy. Indeed, TIMP‐2 was significantly increased in media from peri‐implantitis (P≤.05). In addition, the in situ expression of TIMP‐2, interleukin‐10 and RANKL was also significantly increased in peri‐implantitis tissues (P≤.05). However, the ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin‐positive cells did not vary (P≥.05).

Conclusion

This study suggests that peri‐implantitis and periodontitis connective tissues exhibit differences in response to non‐surgical treatment, which may contribute to a different pattern of disease evolution.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 levels in periodontal disease patients: A systematic review
Authors: de Morais E. F. , Pinheiro J. C. , Leite R. B. , Santos P. P. A. , Barboza C. A. G. , Freitas R. A.
Published: September 2017

Periodontal disease is characterized as a disorder of the oral microbiota resulting in an immune response which, in turn, leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8) has been reported as the major metalloproteinase involved in periodontal disease, being present at high levels in gingival crevicular fluid and salivary fluid (SF). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the expression of MMP‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid and SF in patients with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL and Science Direct databases. Studies concerning the use of MMP‐8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease that evaluated its effectiveness as a biomarker for periodontal disease were selected. The search strategy provided a total of 6483 studies. After selection, six articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. The studies demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of MMP‐8 in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of periodontal disease. The findings on higher MMP‐8 concentrations in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls imply the potential adjunctive use of MMP‐8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Thrombocytosis in 715 Dogs (2011–2015)
Authors: Woolcock A.D , Keenan A. , Cheung C. , Christian J.A. , Moore G.E.
Published: September 2017

Background

Thrombocytosis is a hematologic abnormality in dogs that has been associated with various neoplastic, metabolic, and inflammatory conditions.

Objective

To classify thrombocytosis in dogs based on severity and evaluate whether there are associations between severity and underlying disease processes.

Animals

Seven hundred and fifteen dogs with thrombocytosis and 1,430 dogs with normal numbers of platelets.

Methods

Retrospective study. Medical records of dogs with increased (>500 × 103/μL; thrombocytosis group) and normal (300–500 × 103/μL; control group) platelet counts between 2011 and 2015 were reviewed. Dogs were characterized by severity of platelet increase and diagnosis. Diagnostic categories included neoplasia, endocrine disease, inflammatory disease, or miscellaneous.

Results

A total of 1,254 complete blood counts with thrombocytosis from 715 dogs were included in the study. Median platelet count in this population was 582 × 103/μL (500–1,810 × 103/μL). No correlation between severity of thrombocytosis and diagnosis was identified. Causes of secondary thrombocytosis included neoplasia (55.7%), endocrine disease (12.0%), and inflammatory disease (46.6%). Immune‐mediated disease was common (22.2%), associated with frequent glucocorticoid administration, and had a significantly higher median platelet count (636 × 103/μL [500–1,262 × 103/μL] versus 565 × 103/μL [500–1,810 × 103/μL]) when compared to the other inflammatory processes (P < 0.001). The diagnoses in the thrombocytosis dogs differed significantly from the control population (P < 0.001).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Thrombocytosis is commonly associated with carcinoma and immune‐mediated disease in dogs.
Submissive Lobby Fodder or Assertive Political Actors? Party Loyalty of Career Politicians in the UK House of Commons, 2005–15
Authors: Heuwieser Raphael J.
Published: September 2017

Are career politician members of parliament (MPs) more or less likely to vote against the party line than their peers? Despite growing interest in the behavior of career politicians across parliamentary systems, answers to this question are marked by considerable theoretical and empirical uncertainty. I derive the two most common (but opposing) behavioral predictions before testing them over all legislative votes of two UK House of Commons terms (2005–15) using multilevel modeling of new and disaggregated data on MPs' occupational backgrounds. The finding that career politicians are more likely to rebel challenges conventional wisdom and provides an important empirical foundation for the ongoing debate.