bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluation of Experimental Maize Hybrids for Resistance to the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in a Warm Temperate Climate
Authors: Ni Xinzhi , Huffaker Alisa , Schmelz Eric A. , Xu Wenwei , Williams W. Paul , Guo Baozhu , Li Xianchun , Huang Fangneng
Published: April 2024

The polyphagous fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has become an invasive pest worldwide in recent years. To develop maize germplasm with multiple pest resistance and understand genetic inheritance, 12 experimental hybrids (six pairs of reciprocal crosses) with diverse genetic backgrounds and four commercial checks were examined for FAW resistance in 2013 and 2014. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design with four replications as the block factor. FAW injury on maize plants was assessed at 7 and 14 d after the artificial infestation at the V6 stage, and predatory arthropod taxa and abundance on maize seedlings were recorded 7 d after the infestation. Spodoptera frugiperda resistance varied significantly among the 16 hybrids. Two reciprocal crosses (‘FAW1430’ × ‘Oh43’ and ‘CML333’ × ‘NC358’) showed the least FAW injury. Eleven arthropod predators [i.e., six coleopterans, three hemipterans, earwigs (dermapterans), and spiders (or arachnids)] were also recorded; the two most common predators were the pink spotted ladybeetle, Coleomegilla maculata, and the insidious flower (or minute pirate) bug, Orius spp. Predator abundance was not correlated to FAW injury but varied greatly between 2013 and 2014. Principal component analysis demonstrated that, when compared with FAW resistant (or Bt-transgenic) checks (‘DKC69-71’, ‘DKC67-88’, and ‘P31P42’), five pairs of the reciprocal crosses had moderate FAW resistance, whereas a pair of reciprocal crosses (‘NC350’ × ‘NC358’ and NC358 × NC350) showed the same FAW susceptibility as the non-Bt susceptible check ‘DKC69-72’. Both parents contributed similarly to FAW resistance, or no maternal/cytoplasmic effect was detected in the experimental hybrids.
Current Management of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Giacoppo Daniele , Mazzone Placido Maria , Capodanno Davide
Published: April 2024

In-stent restenosis (ISR) remains the primary cause of target lesion failure following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), resulting in 10-year incidences of target lesion revascularization at a rate of approximately 20%. The treatment of ISR is challenging due to its inherent propensity for recurrence and varying susceptibility to available strategies, influenced by a complex interplay between clinical and lesion-specific conditions. Given the multiple mechanisms contributing to the development of ISR, proper identification of the underlying substrate, especially by using intravascular imaging, becomes pivotal as it can indicate distinct therapeutic requirements. Among standalone treatments, drug-coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty and drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation have been the most effective. The main advantage of a DCB-based approach is the avoidance of an additional metallic layer, which may otherwise enhance neointimal hyperplasia, provide the substratum for developing neoatherosclerosis, and expose the patient to a persistently higher risk of coronary ischemic events. On the other hand, target vessel scaffolding by DES implantation confers relevant mechanical advantages over DCB angioplasty, generally resulting in larger luminal gain, while drug elution from the stent surface ensures the inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia. Nevertheless, repeat stenting with DES also implies an additional permanent metallic layer that may reiterate and promote the mechanisms leading to ISR. Against this background, the selection of either DCB or DES on a patient- and lesion-specific basis as well as the implementation of adjuvant treatments, including cutting/scoring balloons, intravascular lithotripsy, and rotational atherectomy, hold the potential to improve the effectiveness of ISR treatment over time. In this review, we comprehensively assessed the available evidence from randomized trials to define contemporary interventional treatment of ISR and provide insights for future directions.
Hydrogel Composites for Multifunctional Biomedical Applications
Authors: Omidian Hossein , Akhzarmehr Arnavaz , Dey Chowdhury Sumana
Published: April 2024

Hydrogel composites are pivotal in biomedical research, showing promise across various applications. This review aims to thoroughly examine their significance and versatile roles in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Key areas of investigation include integrating growth factor delivery systems, overcoming structural limitations in tissue engineering, exploring innovations in clinical applications, and addressing challenges in achieving bioactivity and biomechanical compatibility. Furthermore, the review will discuss controlled release mechanisms for drug delivery, advancements in biocompatibility and mechanical stability, recent progress in tissue regeneration and wound healing, and future prospects such as smart hydrogels, personalized treatments, and integration with wearable technology. Ultimately, the goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how hydrogel composites impact biomedical research and clinical practice.
Determination of Ploidy Levels and Nuclear DNA Content in Cryptococcus neoformans by Flow Cytometry: Drawbacks with Variability
Authors: Chang Yun C. , Davis Michael J. , Kwon-Chung Kyung J.
Published: April 2024

Flow cytometry is commonly employed for ploidy determination and cell cycle analysis in cryptococci. The cells are subjected to fixation and staining with DNA-binding fluorescent dyes, most commonly with propidium iodide (PI), before undergoing flow cytometric analysis. In ploidy determination, cell populations are classified according to variations in DNA content, as evidenced by the fluorescence intensity of stained cells. As reported in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we found drawbacks with PI staining that confounded the accurate analysis of ploidy by flow cytometry when the size of the cryptococci changed significantly. However, the shift in the fluorescence intensity, unrelated to ploidy changes in cells with increased size, could be accurately interpreted by applying the ImageStream system. SYTOX Green or SYBR Green I, reported to enable DNA analysis with a higher accuracy than PI in S. cerevisiae, were nonspecific for nuclear DNA staining in cryptococci. Until dyes or methods capable of reducing the variability inherent in the drastic changes in cell size or shape become available, PI appears to remain the most reliable method for cell cycle or ploidy analysis in Cryptococcus.
Greek Young Audience Perceptions and Beliefs on Different Aspects of TV Watching
Authors: Orfanidou Anna G. , Panagiotou Nikos S.
Published: April 2024

Television plays a significant role in shaping the beliefs, perceptions, and attitudes of young individuals. Understanding the factors that influence these beliefs is essential for comprehending the impact of television programming on the youth population. This paper aims to investigate the correlations in beliefs regarding television programming among Greek youths aged 15–18 with their demographic characteristics, parental educational levels, school performance, and daily television viewing habits. To study the above, a structured questionnaire was electronically distributed to 204 Greek teenagers after obtaining parental consent. By identifying the factors associated with variations in beliefs, this study contributes to the existing literature on media influence and youth development. The findings indicate youth’s moderate levels of reflection regarding different aspects of television shows, including their presentation to the public and their influence on perceptions and attitudes. What is more, the youth audience haslow trust in TV news, and they moderately believe that the content of news is greatly influenced by governments and political elite agendas, while they consider TV as a major influential media type in shaping people’s political opinions. Notably, youngsters who considered themselves high-achieving students, as well as those who engaged in more frequent television viewing, including documentaries, news, and talk shows, exhibit increased concern and skepticism regarding the information presented in the television programs they watch. This is an important finding, because despite the low trust in TV as a medium, it continues to attract the attention of young people.
Public Spaces: Socioeconomic Challenges
Authors: de Noronha Teresa
Published: April 2024

This Special Issue, entitled ‘Public Spaces: Socioeconomic Challenges’ considers the concept of general well-being from the point of view of collective achievements and/or external conditions that can favorably impact the individual when implemented within an urban structure [...]
Temporal Variation in Soil Resistance to Rill Erosion in Cropland of the Dry—Hot Valley Region, Southwest China
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Xiaosong , Kong Yaping , Hou Dongdong , Ren Ping
Published: April 2024

In croplands, soil erosion resistance varies with both natural processes and human disturbances. To clarify the temporal variation in soil erosion resistance, nine cropland plots with three treatments (continuous fallow, fallow after tillage and tillage with corn) were established in the dry–hot valley region of China. A total of 144 field runoff simulation experiments were conducted from May to October to measure the soil detachment rate (Dc), rill erodibility (Kr) and critical shear stress (τc). The results revealed that the natural dry—wet alternation had little influence on the continuous-fallowed soil erosion resistance. On the other hand, the tillage disturbance that occurred in May sharply increased the Dc and Kr to 2.24 and 3 times that of the continuous-fallow treatment, respectively. Then, the erosion resistance could be enhanced with surface consolidation for the fallow-after-tillage treatment. However, after three months of fallow, the Kr was still 89.5% of the fresh tilled soil. In contrast, crop growth could significantly improve aggregate stability and reduce the Kr to 38.2% in August and even further to 23.7% in October compared to the fresh tilled soil. It could be concluded that crop growth is more efficient in enhancing erosion resistance than the mechanical effect. The above results would benefit from the accurate modeling of cropland soil erosion dynamics and guide agricultural management in dry–hot climate regions.
Pull-Through Behavior of Novel Additively Manufactured Sandwich Composite Inserts
Authors: Severson Patrick , Lutz Anna , Elhajjar Rani
Published: April 2024

Joining structural components with mechanical fasteners is common in many engineering applications across all industries. This study investigates combining additive manufactured inserts with sandwich composites consisting of aluminum honeycomb cores with carbon fiber reinforced facesheets. The combination of these components offers an integrated, lightweight solution when mechanically fastening sandwich composite components using bolted joints. The experimental and numerical investigation explores the influence insert geometry has on the structural response of a sandwich composite under pull-through load scenarios. Various failure modes are observed during experimental analysis with facesheet debonding being the initial failure mode. In addition, finite element models investigate the stress fields in the honeycomb core and overall panel deflections, validating the mechanics observed experimentally. When comparing additively manufactured inserts to standard inserts, additively manufactured inserts have increases in stiffness, maximum force, and total energy absorption of 7.1%, 53.0%, and 62.3%, respectively. These results illustrate the potential of an integrated approach to mechanical joint technology by combining additively manufactured inserts with sandwich composite components using aluminum honeycomb cores.
Effect of Initial Position and Crystallographic Orientation on Grain Selection Procedure in Z-Form Selector for Ni-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Bao Jun , Zhang Xuanning , Zhang Mai , Yang Xiqiong , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2024

The grain selection process in a Z-form selector for Ni-based single-crystal superalloy was simulated using a macro-scale ProCAST software (2013 version) coupled CAFE module combined with an experiment to investigate the grain selection procedure and mechanism with different grain positions and crystal orientation relationships. A non-stationary solidification process was found in the Z-form selector, and the liquid–solid (L–S) interface was tilted in the same direction as the selector channel during directional solidification. Given that the grain boundary was parallel to the Z-form selector, the overgrowth rate of the bi-crystal in the selector channel was very low. The initial position of the bi-crystal in the selector channel has a greater effect on the overgrowth rate than the effects of primary and secondary orientations. The grain selection was a result of the coupling of the competitive grain growth effect and geometrical restriction effect. Finally, the selection grain mechanism within the Z-form selector was discussed, coalescing the temperature field and the grain competition growth mechanism.
Fabrication of Cu2Sn1-xGexS3 Thin-Film Solar Cells via Sulfurization of Cu2GeS3/Cu2SnS3 Stacked Precursors
Authors: Tasaki Takeshi , Jimbo Kazuo , Motai Daiki , Takahashi Masaya , Araki Hideaki
Published: April 2024

Cu2Sn1-xGexS3 (CTGS) is a compound composed of relatively abundant elements in the crust of the earth. The band gap of CTGS can be tuned by substituting elements at the Sn and Ge sites, making it an attractive material for low-environmental-impact solar cells. In this study, CTGS thin films were fabricated with a controlled [Ge]/([Ge] + [Sn]) composition ratio (x) by combining the co-evaporation method and sulfurization in an infrared furnace. Furthermore, the effect of Na on the CTGS and changes in the solar cell properties were investigated by stacking and sulfurizing NaF on the precursor fabricated using the co-evaporation method. As a result, CTGS with varying x was successfully fabricated by varying the deposition time of the Cu2GeS3 layer using co-evaporation. Additionally, CTGS prepared by doping with Na showed enlarged CTGS crystals compared to Na-free CTGS. The fabricated CTGS solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of more than 4.5% after doping with Na.
Fused Filament Fabrication of Polyethylene/Graphene Composites for In-Space Manufacturing
Authors: Laurenzi Susanna , Zaccardi Federica , Toto Elisa , Santonicola Maria Gabriella , Botti Sabina , Scalia Tanya
Published: April 2024

Graphene-based composite materials are highly sought after for space applications due to their ability to encompass various properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal resistance, and radiation shielding. This versatility allows for the creation of multifunctional components that can serve various purposes in space. Three-dimensional (3D) printing of composite materials in space offers a versatile and efficient means of manufacturing components, tools, and structures that are tailored to the unique challenges and requirements of space missions. In this work, we aim to develop 3D-printed composites made of medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) matrix and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) as filler, using fused filament fabrication (FFF). Our research focuses on the challenges associated with the FFF process for fabricating MDPE/xGnP materials, particularly by optimizing filament extrusion and assessing the resulting material properties and space environmental compatibility. Firstly, we optimize the extrusion process, and use the MDPE/xGnP filaments to fabricate 3D-printed samples after defining the FFF parameters. We employ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess the melting properties and crystallization degree of the extruded filaments and 3D-printed samples, providing insights into the relationship between these properties and the characteristics of the initial powders. Electrical and tensile tests are carried out to evaluate the material properties after successfully mitigating challenges, such as warping and inadequate adhesion, to build plates during the printing process. Finally, we subject the 3D-printed composites to outgassing tests under exposure to the AM0 solar spectrum to evaluate their space environmental suitability. The results of this work demonstrate the capability of the FFF-based process to efficiently manufacture components made of MDPE/xGnP composites, providing optimized parameters for their potential in-space fabrication.
Synthesis of Bio-Based Polyester Resins for Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing
Authors: Cazin Ines , Ocepek Martin , Kecelj Janez , Stražar Aleš Stanislav , Schlögl Sandra
Published: April 2024

Driven by environmental considerations, the scientific community has directed great effort towards the synthesis of new materials derived from renewable resources. However, for photocurable resins, most commercially available building blocks still rely on petroleum-based precursors. Herein, we present a simple synthesis route for bio-based acrylate-modified polyester resins, whose viscosity is sufficiently low for processing them with vat photopolymerization 3D printing. The established synthesis route enables the gradual substitution of fossil-based raw materials with bio-based alternatives. The acid number, color and viscosity of the bio-based acrylic resins are characterized and photocurable formulations are prepared by adding a radical photoinitiator. The photopolymerization kinetics, and thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the photopolymers are investigated as a function of the resin structure and benchmarked against a commercially available petroleum-based counterpart. Finally, the processability of the new bio-based resins via digital light processing 3D printing is demonstrated and test specimens are successfully 3D printed with a resolution in the millimeter range.
A High-Performance Supercapacitor Based on Hierarchical Template-Free Ni/SnO2 Nanostructures via Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Shameem Abdul Samad , Murugan Anbazhagan , Siva Vadivel , Palanisamy Govindasamy , Kim Ikhyun , Lee Jintae , Paramasivam Sivaprakash
Published: April 2024

Novel flake-like Ni1−xSnxO2 particles were successfully prepared by template-free hydrothermal synthesis. The prepared samples were investigated for their properties by different characterization techniques. Scanning micrographs showed that the obtained particles consisted of nanoflakes. The X-ray diffraction results of the Ni1−xSnxO2 revealed the formation of mixed-phase Ni/SnO2 having the typical tetragonal structure of SnO2, and the cubic structure of Ni in a nanocrystalline nature. The doping with Ni had a certain influence on the host’s lattice structure of SnO2 at different doping concentrations. Confirmation of the functional groups and the elements in the nanomaterials was accomplished using FTIR and EDS analyses. The electrochemical performance analysis of the prepared nanomaterials were carried out with the help of the CV, GCD, and EIS techniques. The specific capacitance of the synthesized nanomaterials with different concentrations of Ni dopant in SnO2 was analyzed at different scanning rates. Interestingly, a 5% Ni-doped SnO2 nanocomposite exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 841.85 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 in a 6 M KOH electrolyte. Further, to boost the electrochemical performance, a redox additive electrolyte was utilized, which exhibited a maximum specific capacitance of 2130.33 at 5 mV s−1 and an excellent capacitance retention of 93.22% after 10,000 GCD cycles. These excellent electrochemical characteristics suggest that the Ni/SnO2 nanocomposite could be utilized as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
Fuel Characteristics and Phytotoxicity Assay of Biochar Derived from Rose Pruning Waste
Authors: Stefanów Julia , Sobieraj Karolina , Hejna Małgorzata , Pawęska Katarzyna , Świechowski Kacper
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was the characterization and evaluation of applicability as a soil amendment of biochar derived from rose pruning waste at different pyrolysis temperatures (200–500 °C) and process durations (20–60 min). The biochar properties were compared to the raw material. The biochars produced at 300 °C for 40 and 60 min demonstrated the best fuel properties. These variants showed high energy gain rates (77.6 ± 1.5% and 74.8 ± 1.5%, respectively), energy densification ratios (1.35 ± 0.00 and 1.37 ± 0.00, respectively), high heating values (24,720 ± 267 J × g−1 and 25,113 ± 731 J × g−1, respectively), and relative low ash contents (5.9 ± 0.5% and 7.1 ± 0.3%, respectively). Regarding fertilizer properties, such as pH value, ash content, heavy metal content, and pollutant elution, the biochars showed better qualities than the raw material. All tested biochar did not exceed the permissible values for heavy metals, including Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb. The most optimal properties for soil amendments were noted for biochar variants of 400 °C for 40 min, 450 °C for 20 min, and 500 °C for 20 min. Generally, biochars produced at temperatures ≥400 °C did not inhibit root elongation, except for the material produced at 450 °C for 60 min (4.08 ± 23.34%). Biochars obtained at ≥300 °C showed a positive impact on seed germination (86.67 ± 18.48–100 ± 24.14%).
Effects and Mechanism of Hyperbranched Phosphate Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers on Reducing Viscosity of Cement Paste
Authors: Chen Jing , Yang Changhui , He Yan , Wang Futao , Zeng Chao
Published: April 2024

The adsorption behavior and dispersing capability of hyperbranched phosphated polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) containing phosphate monoester and phosphate diester were investigated. The hyperbranched structures were constructed using a special monomer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAMEA) to create the branches during the polymerization. Meanwhile, the polymer architectures were tailored by varying the content of phosphate monoester and phosphate diester in the backbone via free radical solution polymerization. In contrast to comb-like PCE, hyperbranched PCEs presented a weaker dispersion capability at w/c = 0.29, but with a lower water-to-cement ratio (w/c), the hyperbranched PCEs exhibited a better dispersion capability than the comb-like PCEs. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed that the adsorption layer of hyperbranched PCEs were thicker than that of comb-like PCEs. A thicker adsorption layer thickness generated thinner diffusion water layer thickness. The increase of the free water amount due to the thinner water diffusion layer is the key mechanism for improving the dispersibility and decreasing the viscosity of cement paste.
Three-Dimensional Printed Teeth in Endodontics: A New Protocol for Microcomputed Tomography Studies
Authors: Reis Tiago , Barbosa Cláudia , Franco Margarida , Silva Ruben , Alves Nuno , Castelo-Baz Pablo , Martín-Cruces Jose , Martín-Biedma Benjamín
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to describe a support material removal protocol (SMRP) from inside the root canals of three-dimensional printed teeth (3DPT) obtained by the microcomputed tomography (microCT) of a natural tooth (NT), evaluate its effectiveness by comparing the 3DPT to NT in terms of internal anatomy and behaviour toward endodontic preparation, and evaluate if 3DPT are adequate to assess the differences between two preparation systems. After the SMRP, twenty 3DPT printed by PolyJet™ were microCT scanned before preparation and thereafter randomly assigned into two groups (n = 10). One group and NT were prepared using ProTaper Gold® (PTG), and the other group with Endogal® (ENDG). MicroCT scans were carried out after preparation, and the volume increase, volume of dentin removed, centroids, transportation, and unprepared areas were compared. For the parameters evaluated, no significant differences were found between the 3DPT and NT before and after preparation (p > 0.05), and no significant differences were found between the 3DPT PTG group and the 3DPT ENDG group (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the SMRP described is effective in removing the support material SUP706B™. PolyJet™ is adequate for printing 3DPT. Furthermore, 3DPT printed with high-temperature RGD525™ have similar behaviour during endodontic preparation with PTG as the NT, and 3DPT can be used to compare two preparation systems.
Three-Dimensional Meso-Structure-Based Model for Evaluating the Complex Permittivity of Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Xie Zhenwen , Chen Xingzao , Wang Jing , Chen Jiaqi
Published: April 2024

Microwave heating is an emerging alternative pretreatment method for road maintenance in cold seasons. The thermal behavior of asphalt pavement under microwave heating is mainly determined by the complex permittivity of the asphalt mixture. In this study, an innovative approach for calculating the complex permittivity of an asphalt mixture based on a three-dimensional meso-scale heterogeneous structure was proposed. A series of experiments was conducted to verify the accuracy of this approach. The effect of porosity, void size, moisture content and aggregate gradation on the complex permittivity for an asphalt mixture were computationally analyzed based on the validated approach. Moreover, the applicability of commonly used classical dielectric models was analyzed. The classical Lichtenecker–Rother (LR) dielectric model was modified on the basis of simulation data for various conditions. The results showed that the real part of the complex permittivity decreased with the increase in porosity. Some sudden change in the imaginary part of the complex permittivity was observed within the frequency range from 2.6 GHz to 3.9 GHz. A larger air void size would lead to a larger frequency at which sudden change occurs. The real part and imaginary part of the complex permittivity tend to be smaller when more coarse aggregates are replaced with fine aggregates. Both the real part and the imaginary part of the complex permittivity increase with higher moisture content due to the stronger dielectric property of water. Each 1% increase in moisture content would lead to about a 3~4% increase in the real part of the complex permittivity. The determination coefficients R2 for the real part and the imaginary part of the complex permittivity fitted by the modified Brown model were the maximum values, which were 0.922 and 0.980, respectively. The method presented in this study is useful for transportation agencies to optimize microwave heating during winter maintenance.
A Coupled, Global/Local Finite Element Methodology to Evaluate the Fatigue Life of Flexible Risers Attached to Floating Platforms for Deepwater Offshore Oil Production
Authors: Alves Monique de Carvalho , Corrêa Fabrício Nogueira , de Sousa José Renato Mendes , Jacob Breno Pinheiro
Published: April 2024

This study introduces a Finite Element (FE) hybrid methodology for analyzing deepwater offshore oil and gas floating production systems. In these systems, flexible risers convey the production and are connected to a balcony on one side of the platform. The proposed methodology couples, in a cost-effective manner, the hydrodynamic model of the platform with the FE model that represents the risers and the mooring lines, considering all nonlinear dynamic interactions. The results obtained and the associated computational performance are then compared with those from traditional uncoupled analyses, which may present inaccurate results for deepwater scenarios, and from fully coupled analyses that may demand high computational costs. Moreover, particular attention is dedicated to integrating global and local stress analyses to calculate the fatigue resistance of the flexible riser. The results demonstrate that the coupled global analyses adequately capture the asymmetric behavior due to all risers being connected to one of the sides of the platform, thus resulting in a more accurate distribution of fatigue damage when compared to the uncoupled methodology. Also, fatigue life is significantly affected by adequately considering the coupling effects.
Algorithm for Determination of Indicators Predicting Health Status for Health Monitoring Process Optimization
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Kosareva Natalja , Dadelo Stanislav
Published: April 2024

This article proposes an algorithm that allows the selection of prognostic variables from a set of 21 variables describing the health statuses of male and female students. The set of variables could be divided into two groups—body condition indicators and body activity indicators. For this purpose, we propose applying the multiple criteria decision methods WEBIRA, entropy-ARAS, and SAW in modelling the general health index, a latent variable describing health status, which is used to rank the alternatives. In the next stage, applying multiple regression analysis, the most informative indicators influencing health status are selected by reducing the indicator’s number to 9–11, and predictor indicators by reducing their number to 5. A methodology for grouping students into three groups is proposed, using selected influencing indicators and predictor indicators in regression equations with the dependent variable of group number. Our study revealed that two body condition indicators and three body activity indicators have the greatest influence on men’s general health index. It was established that two body condition indicators have the greatest influence on women’s general health index. The determination of the most informative indicators is important for predicting health status and optimizing the health monitoring process.
VSD: A Novel Method for Video Segmentation and Storage in DNA Using RS Code
Authors: Hong Jingwei , Rasool Abdur , Wang Shuo , Ziou Djemel , Jiang Qingshan
Published: April 2024

As data continue to grow in complexity and size, there is an imperative need for more efficient and robust storage solutions. DNA storage has emerged as a promising avenue to solve this problem, but existing approaches do not perform efficiently enough on video data, particularly for information density and time efficiency. This paper introduces VSD, a pioneering encoding method for video segmentation and storage in DNA, leveraging the Reed–Solomon (RS) error correction code. This method addresses these limitations through an innovative combination of segmentation and encoding, accompanied by RS coding to bolster error resilience. Additionally, the method ensures that the GC-content of the resultant DNA sequences remains around 50%, which further enhances the storage robustness. The experimental results demonstrate the method has commendable encoding efficiency and offers a solution to the prevailing issue of time inefficiency and error correction rates in DNA storage. This groundbreaking approach paves the way for the practical and reliable storage of large-scale video data in DNA, heralding a new era in the domain of information storage.
Assessment and Application of the Hear Score in Remote Emergency Medicine Outposts in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Šljivo Armin , Lukić Nemanja , Altic Aladin , Tomić Slobodan , Abdulkhaliq Arian , Reiter Leopold , Bota Diana Maria , Mahendran Eljakim , Natour Wisam , Gavrankapetanović Fatima , Kapisazović Emira , Duljević Haris , Lekić Lana , Radoičić Dragana , Tomić Sanja D
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives. In emergency departments, chest pain is a common concern, highlighting the critical importance of distinguishing between acute coronary syndrome and other potential causes. Our research aimed to introduce and implement the HEAR score, specifically, in remote emergency outposts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and Methods. This follow-up study conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort consisting of patients who were admitted to the remote emergency medicine outposts in Canton Sarajevo and Zenica from 1 November to 31 December 2023. Results. This study comprised 103 (12.9%) patients with low-risk HEAR scores and 338 (83.8%) with high-risk HEAR scores, primarily female (221, 56.9%), with a mean age of 63.5 ± 11.2). Patients with low-risk HEAR scores were significantly younger (50.5 ± 15.6 vs. 65.9 ± 12.1), had fewer smokers (p < 0.05), and exhibited a lower incidence of cardiovascular risk factors compared to those with high-risk HEAR scores. Low-risk HEAR score for prediction of AMI had a sensitivity of 97.1% (95% CI 89.9–99.6%); specificity of 27.3% (95% CI 22.8–32.1%); PPV of 19.82% (95% CI 18.67–21.03%), and NPV of 98.08% (95% CI 92.80–99.51%). Within 30 days of the admission to the emergency department outpost, out of all 441 patients, 100 (22.7%) were diagnosed with MACE, with AMI 69 (15.6%), 3 deaths (0.7%), 6 (1.4%) had a CABG, and 22 (4.9%) underwent PCI. A low-risk HEAR score had a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI 91.7–99.4%) and specificity of 27.3% (95% CI 22.8–32.1%); PPV of 25.5% (95% CI 25.59–28.37%); NPV of 97.14% (95% CI 91.68–99.06%) for 30-day MACE. Conclusions. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study align with existing research, underscoring the effectiveness of the HEAR score in risk stratification for patients with chest pain. In practical terms, the implementation of the HEAR score in clinical decision-making processes holds significant promise.
Peak Resembling N-acetylaspartate (NAA) on Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Brain Metastases
Authors: Ostojic Jelena , Kozic Dusko , Panjkovic Milana , Georgievski-Brkic Biljana , Dragicevic Dusan , Lovrenski Aleksandra , Boban Jasmina
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives: Differentiating between a high-grade glioma (HGG) and solitary cerebral metastasis presents a challenge when using standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), an advanced MRI technique, may assist in resolving this diagnostic dilemma. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), an amino acid found uniquely in the central nervous system and in high concentrations in neurons, typically suggests HGG over metastatic lesions in spectra from ring-enhancing lesions. This study investigates exceptions to this norm. Materials and Methods: We conducted an MRS study on 49 histologically confirmed and previously untreated patients with brain metastases, employing single-voxel (SVS) techniques with short and long echo times, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Results: In our cohort, 44 out of 49 (90%) patients demonstrated a typical MR spectroscopic profile consistent with secondary deposits: a Cho peak, very low or absent Cr, absence of NAA, and the presence of lipids. A peak at approximately 2 ppm, termed the “NAA-like peak”, was present in spectra obtained with both short and long echo times. Among the MRS data from 49 individuals, we observed a peak at 2.0 ppm in five brain metastases from mucinous carcinoma of the breast, mucinous non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma, two metastatic melanomas, and one metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Pathohistological verification of mucin in two of these five cases suggested this peak likely represents N-acetyl glycoproteins, indicative of mucin expression in cancer cells. Conclusions: The identification of a prominent peak at 2.0 ppm could be a valuable diagnostic marker for distinguishing single ring-enhancing lesions, potentially associated with mucin-expressing metastases, offering a new avenue for diagnostic specificity in challenging cases.
Association of Acidotolerant Cyanobacteria to Microbial Mats below pH 1 in Acidic Mineral Precipitates in Río Tinto River in Spain
Authors: Gómez Felipe , Rodríguez Nuria , Rodríguez-Manfredi José Antonio , Escudero Cristina , Carrasco-Ropero Ignacio , Martínez José M. , Ferrari Marco , De Angelis Simone , Frigeri Alessandro , Fernández-Sampedro Maite , Amils Ricardo
Published: April 2024

This report describes acidic microbial mats containing cyanobacteria that are strongly associated to precipitated minerals in the source area of Río Tinto. Río Tinto (Huelva, Southwestern Spain) is an extreme acidic environment where iron and sulfur cycles play a fundamental role in sustaining the extremely low pH and the high concentration of heavy metals, while maintaining a high level of microbial diversity. These multi-layered mineral deposits are stable all year round and are characterized by a succession of thick greenish-blue and brownish layers mainly composed of natrojarosite. The temperature and absorbance above and below the mineral precipitates were followed and stable conditions were detected inside the mineral precipitates. Different methodologies, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, immunological detection, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and metagenomic analysis were used to describe the biodiversity existing in these microbial mats, demonstrating, for the first time, the existence of acid-tolerant cyanobacteria in a hyperacidic environment of below pH 1. Up to 0.46% of the classified sequences belong to cyanobacterial microorganisms, and 1.47% of the aligned DNA reads belong to the Cyanobacteria clade.
Preparation of Hydrophobic Au Catalyst and Application in One-Step Oxidative Esterification of Methacrolein to Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Zheng Yanxia , Yang Yubo , Li Yixuan , Cai Lu , Zhao Xuanjiao , Xue Bing , Li Yuchao , An Jiutao , Zhang Jialiang
Published: April 2024

The water produced during the oxidative esterification reaction occupies the active sites and reduces the activity of the catalyst. In order to reduce the influence of water on the reaction system, a hydrophobic catalyst was prepared for the one-step oxidative esterification of methylacrolein (MAL) and methanol. The catalyst was synthesized by loading the active component Au onto ZnO using the deposition–precipitation method, followed by constructing the silicon shell on Au/ZnO using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) to introduce hydrophobic groups. Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) was used as a hydrophobic modification reagent to prepare hydrophobic catalysts, which exhibited a water droplet contact angle of 111.2°. At a temperature of 80 °C, the hydrophobic catalyst achieved a high MMA selectivity of over 95%. The samples were characterized using XRD, N2 adsorption, ICP, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, FT-IR, XPS, and water droplet contact angle measurements. Kinetic analysis revealed an activation energy of 22.44 kJ/mol for the hydrophobic catalyst.
Binding Mechanism of Inhibitors to BRD4 and BRD9 Decoded by Multiple Independent Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Jian , Yang Wanchun , Zhao Lu , Wei Benzheng , Chen Jianzhong
Published: April 2024

Bromodomain 4 and 9 (BRD4 and BRD9) have been regarded as important targets of drug designs in regard to the treatment of multiple diseases. In our current study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, deep learning (DL) and binding free energy calculations are integrated to probe the binding modes of three inhibitors (H1B, JQ1 and TVU) to BRD4 and BRD9. The MD trajectory-based DL successfully identify significant functional function domains, such as BC-loop and ZA-loop. The information from the post-processing analysis of MD simulations indicates that inhibitor binding highly influences the structural flexibility and dynamic behavior of BRD4 and BRD9. The results of the MM-GBSA calculations not only suggest that the binding ability of H1B, JQ1 and TVU to BRD9 are stronger than to BRD4, but they also verify that van der Walls interactions are the primary forces responsible for inhibitor binding. The hot spots of BRD4 and BRD9 revealed by residue-based free energy estimation provide target sites of drug design in regard to BRD4 and BRD9. This work is anticipated to provide useful theoretical aids for the development of selective inhibitors over BRD family members.
Recent Progress in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Flame Retardance and Fire-Warning Applications
Authors: Lin Weiliang , Yuan Yao , Xu Lulu , Wang Wei
Published: April 2024

Graphene-like 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, MXene, molybdenum disulfide, and boron nitride, present a promising avenue for eco-friendly flame retardants. Their inherent characteristics, including metal-like conductivity, high specific surface area, electron transport capacity, and solution processability, make them highly suitable for applications in both structural fire protection and fire alarm systems. This review offers an up-to-date exploration of advancements in flame retardant composites, utilizing pristine graphene-like nanosheets, versatile graphene-like nanosheets with multiple functions, and collaborative systems based on these nanomaterials. Moreover, graphene-like 2D nanomaterials exhibit considerable potential in the development of early fire alarm systems, enabling timely warnings. This review provides an overview of flame-retarding and fire-warning mechanisms, diverse multifunctional nanocomposites, and the evolving trends in the development of fire alarm systems anchored in graphene-like 2D nanomaterials and their derivatives. Ultimately, the existing challenges and prospective directions for the utilization of graphene-like 2D nanomaterials in flame retardant and fire-warning applications are put forward.
The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Moisturizing Effects of Camellia oleifera Oil and Its Potential Applications
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Peng Yunlan , Xu Zhou , Chen Jingyi , Zhang Ningbo , Liang Tao , Chen Tao , Xiao Yao , Feng Shiling , Ding Chunbang
Published: April 2024

Camellia oleifera oil (CO oil) extracted from C. oleifera seeds has a 2300-year consumption history in China. However, there is relatively little research regarding its non-edible uses. This study determined the physicochemical properties of CO oil extracted via direct pressing, identified its main components using GC-MS, and evaluated its antioxidant, moisturizing, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results revealed that CO oil’s acid, peroxide, iodine, and saponification values were 1.06 ± 0.031 mg/g, 0.24 ± 0.01 g/100 g, 65.14 ± 8.22 g/100 g, and 180.41 ± 5.60 mg/g, respectively. CO oil’s tocopherol, polyphenol, and squalene contents were 82.21 ± 9.07 mg/kg, 181.37 ± 3.76 mg/kg, and 53.39 ± 6.58 mg/kg, respectively; its unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was 87.44%, and its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was 12.56%. CO oil also demonstrated excellent moisture retention properties, anti-inflammatory effects, and certain free radical scavenging. A highly stable CO oil emulsion with competent microbiological detection was developed using formulation optimization. Using CO oil in the emulsion significantly improved the formulation’s antioxidant and moisturizing properties compared with those of the emulsion formulation that did not include CO oil. The prepared emulsion was not cytotoxic to cells and could reduce cells’ NO content; therefore, it may have potential nutritional value in medicine and cosmetics.
Effects of a WhatsApp-Assisted Health Educational Intervention for Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Protocol
Authors: Jacome-Hortua Adriana Marcela , Rincon-Rueda Zully Rocio , Sanchez-Ramirez Diana C. , Angarita-Fonseca Adriana
Published: April 2024

Although the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs in secondary prevention is well-recognized, there is a lack of studies exploring the potential of mobile health to enhance educational interventions within CR. The objective is to assess the impact of a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention, in conjunction with the usual care, compared to the usual care alone among participants enrolled in a CR program. The trial will recruit 32 participants enrolled in a CR program, who will be randomly assigned to a structured WhatsApp-assisted health educational intervention plus usual care or usual care alone group. The intervention will span 4 weeks, with assessments at baseline, 4 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is the cardiovascular risk factors knowledge score. Secondary outcomes include physical activity levels, anxiety and depression, and quality of life. Expected results include improved knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors, increased physical activity levels, and better mental health outcomes in the intervention group. Additionally, an enhancement in the overall quality of life is anticipated. These findings are expected to underscore the value of integrating mHealth with traditional CR methods, potentially shaping future approaches in chronic disease management and prevention.
Full-Color Imaging System Based on the Joint Integration of a Metalens and Neural Network
Authors: Hu Shuling , Shi Ruixue , Wang Bin , Wei Yuan , Qi Binzhi , Zhou Peng
Published: April 2024

Lenses have been a cornerstone of optical systems for centuries; however, they are inherently limited by the laws of physics, particularly in terms of size and weight. Because of their characteristic light weight, small size, and subwavelength modulation, metalenses have the potential to miniaturize and integrate imaging systems. However, metalenses still face the problem that chromatic aberration affects the clarity and accuracy of images. A high-quality image system based on the end-to-end joint optimization of a neural network and an achromatic metalens is demonstrated in this paper. In the multi-scale encoder–decoder network, both the phase characteristics of the metalens and the hyperparameters of the neural network are optimized to obtain high-resolution images. The average peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and average structure similarity (SSIM) of the recovered images reach 28.53 and 0.83. This method enables full-color and high-performance imaging in the visible band. Our approach holds promise for a wide range of applications, including medical imaging, remote sensing, and consumer electronics.
Combination of Parenteral Amino Acid Infusion and Intermittent Loading Exercise Ameliorates Progression of Postoperative Sarcopenia in Rat Model
Authors: Wada Akira , Yamashita Hayato , Togashi Ayaka , Ogawa Shunsuke , Muroi Arashi , Kido Satoshi , Furuya Shigeki
Published: April 2024

Postoperative sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in hospitalized patients. However, few studies have focused on short-term postoperative sarcopenia. Furthermore, the influence of nutritional management using amino acids (AAs) comprising a peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) solution and its combination with exercise (Exc) is unclear. Hence, we established a postoperative sarcopenic rat model to evaluate the effects of parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc on skeletal muscles and investigate the underlying mechanisms involved in the amelioration of muscle atrophy. Male F344 rats underwent surgery followed by hindlimb suspension (HS) for 5 days. The rats were divided into AA (−), AA (+), AA (−)-Exc, and AA (+)-Exc groups. They were continuously administered a PPN solution with or without AA at 98 kcal/kg/day. The Exc groups were subjected to intermittent loading for 1 h per day. Postoperative sarcopenic rats exhibited decreased muscle strength and mass and an upregulated ubiquitin–proteasome system, autophagy–lysosome system, and fast-twitch fiber-related genes, especially in the AA (−) group. The AA (+)-Exc group exhibited attenuated decreased muscle strength, increased gastrocnemius mass, and a suppressed upregulation of muscle atrophy- and fast-twitch fiber-related genes. Therefore, parenteral AA infusion combined with Exc may be effective in preventing postoperative sarcopenia in hospitalized patients.