bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the texture of cream cheese with different methods
Authors: Bara-Herczegh Ottília , Csanádi József , Barakonyi Sándor
Published: May 2018

Rheological characterization of cheeses, especially processed cheeses is very important, because the quality is determined mainly by the texture properties, and the technology and the storage conditions have significant impact on the required texture. Rheological and texture properties are mainly affected by the chemical composition and the type and quantity of the processing conditions. After production the structure is going through of major changes during cooling period and the storage, so a description of knowledge well-defined circumstances, using the parameters may provide useful additional information to the qualification. The structure formation of the final product is also useful feed-back information for the manufacturer.Different type the Sole-Mizo Co. produced processed cheeses (nature and ham flavoured) were investigated by sensory and rheological methods (texture analyses and flow behaviour). The gross composition and the quality according to the sensory test met with the requirements, their quality were located in good and excellent category. The texture of samples was studied by Texture Analyser QTS 25. The nature cheeses were investigated in the total shelf-life according to a programme, the ham flavoured samples only during a shorter period. We determined the hardness value dependence versus shelf-life. The hardness can be a useful parameter in the qualification of cream cheese. The flow behaviour of ham favoured samples was investigated by viscometer at different temperature. The apparent viscosity changed with the temperature. Flow curves showed a same character as the typical non-Newtonian pseudo plastic fluids. It was created a consistency index (as a rheological parameter) and its changes can be associated whit with temperature induced changes in the structure of processed cheeses.
Laboratory assembly for analysis of fuel injection systems in the modern internal combustion engines
Authors: Alexa Vasile , Ratiu Sorin , Kiss Imre
Published: May 2018

The complexity of the processes taking place in a system of fuel injection management for an internal combustion engine requires extra effort for a proper understanding of the operating principles. This paper is intended to be an intuitive practical application able to simulate the complex electronic control of injection, through a PC and specialized software. The application provides an intuitive and friendly analysis of the processes occurring during the operation of an injection computer. Moreover, the system allows the determination of the gasoline amount injected by the various types of fuel injectors, in a certain period of time and at different pressures of the fuel, depending on the load, speed and thermal regime of the engine. The laboratory assembly for a fuel injection system is intended as an experimental stand with exclusive didactical applicability. We want to observe the main characteristics of a fuel feeding and injection system, as the identification of components for the control system, data acquisition system and fuel injection system, the analysis of the different types of signals that can be used to actuate the injectors, the establishing the principles of injector operation in accordance with the control electronics, the visualization of the injection cadence and amount injected, depending on the engine speed and load, the programming of injection computers etc.
Smart Materials Technology-Based Products Applications in the Automotive Industry
Authors: Kiss Imre , Alexa Vasile , Raţiu Sorin
Published: May 2018

The developments of new and innovative materials are contributing significantly to the large scale such as automotive industry. Century by century uncountable inventions and developments were dedicated to synchronized technological advancement. Smart materials are highly efficient materials and their performance comes at high costs associated with the high level of R&D involved. Therefore, invention of these materials conceptualized to produce effective sensors and actuators according to the purpose. Some everyday items are already incorporating such smart materials, and the number of applications for them is growing steadily. Invention of functional and intelligent materials introduced new concept of intelligent infrastructure systems, autonomous systems, smart structures and robotics in the bygone years. Smart materials include the piezoelectric materials (PZT).
Colour evolution of conventionally and organically cultivated Hungarian red spice paprika varieties
Authors: Koncsek Arnold , Horváth Zsuzsanna H. , Véha Antal , Daood Hussein G. , Helyes Lajos
Published: May 2018

Colour evolution of conventionally and organically cultivated Szegedi-20, Meteorit, Mihálytelki and Kármin spice paprika varieties was studied in green, break, pale red, deep red and over-ripened maturity stages. As the ripening stages forwarded the organic samples gradually lost their initial extractable colour (ASTA value) gain toward their conventional counterparts. The over-ripened colour levels were satisfactorily high in the conventional (169.9-264.8 ASTA) and in the organic (160.8-210.5 ASTA) paprika varieties as well, although the colour accumulation was 9.0-62.8 ASTA lower in the organic samples. Significant and perceptible visual colour differences (ΔE*ab) were found between the organic and conventional crops. The lightness difference (ΔL*) indicated that the organic paprika generally were lighter than the conventional ones. The positive hue difference (ΔH*ab) showed that the colour of deep red and over-ripened organic Szegedi-20, Mihálytelki and Kármin paprika crops were more yellow compared with the conventional group. The lightness (L*) and hue angle (h°ab) were found the most suitable instrumental colour parameters to distinguish the ripening stages and the colour characteristics of the samples. The better colour evolution of conventional crops was attributed to the soil characteristics, nutrient supply and chemical plant protection that were specifically designed for the needs of paprika in the conventional farming.
Purification of Dairy Wastewaters by Advanced Oxidation Processes and Membrane Filtration
Authors: Zakar Mihály , Lakatos Erika , Keszthelyi-Szabó Gábor , László Zsuzsanna
Published: May 2018

Membrane separation processes are space and cost-efficient, easy to scale-up operations, which have proved to treat food industrial wastewaters efficiently. Beside the advantages like high separation efficiency without any chemical changes and low energy-intensity, membrane filtration also has drawbacks, like decreased operational efficiency caused by flux decile resulting from fouling and concentration polarization. Combination of oxidation pre-treatment and membrane filtration is a promising method for decreasing fouling due to the physicochemical changes caused by pre-oxidation of the wastewater in structure of colloidal pollutants and in the interactions between the foulants and the membrane material. The aim of this work is to identify the parameters affecting the membrane fouling during treatment of dairy wastewaters, and present the current trends of research in this field.
PRODUÇÃO DE CONCENTRADO PROTEICO DE SORO EM ESCALA PILOTO: ASPECTOS TECNOLÓGICOS
Authors: Moreira Renam De Oliveira , Rodrigues Junior Paulo Henrique , Francisquini Júlia D’Almeida , Stephani Rodrigo , Perrone Ítalo Tuler , Carvalho Antônio Fernandes de
Published: May 2018

A ultrafiltração de soro de leite, para a produção de concentrados proteicos de soro (CPS) e de isolados proteicos de soro (IPS), é amplamente utilizada em todo o mundo, e estudos de produção em escala piloto possibilitam ma ior entendimento destas tecnologias. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos tecnológicos da produção do CPS em escala piloto. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas no permeado e no retentado em pó em relação aos teores de compostos nitrogenados, acidez, pH, teores de sólidos solúveis, cinzas e atividade de água. A composição dos permeados em diferentes fatores de concentração não apresentou diferenças significativas durante a concentração nas condições de temperatura e pressão utilizadas. O concentrado apresentou variações no teor de proteína total, proteínas do soro, NNP, umidade, cinzas, porém, não apresentou mudanças no pH, o que pode ser atribuído ao aumento do poder tamponante das proteínas. Foi definido o modelo matemático entre as frações nitrogenadas com a concentração, possibilitando calcular o teor aproximado de proteínas de um fator de concentração desejado
Nutritional requirements for germination and in vitro development of three Orchidaceceae species in the southern Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Hunhoff Viviane Luiza , Lage Lais Alves , Palú Ednamar Gabriela , Krause Willian , Silva Celice Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Tissue culture is an alternative form of producing healthy, vigorous and regular plants on a large scale. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the most efficient culture medium for in vitro plantlet germination and development of three Orchidaceae species. Seeds disinfested of three species were dispersed in distilled water and dripped into basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 3 x 4 (three species x four culture media), with 5 replications. Four treatments were established: (1) full-strength MS medium, with the full nutrient concentration (MSØ), (2) full-strength MS medium plus 0.3% activated charcoal (MSØ ACh), (3) half- strength MS medium (½ MS) and (4) half- strength MS medium with 0.3 % activated charcoal (½ MS ACh). Germination was evaluated after 15, 20, 25, 30, and 60 days. The shoot height, leaf number and length, root number and length of plantlets of the three studied species were assessed. In A. variegata, 73% germinated after 60 days in ½ MS ACh medium. In the same period, 100% of E. viparum and S. gloriosa seeds germinated in MSØ ACh medium. The plant height, leaf number and length, root number and length were significantly higher for the species A. variegata and E. viviparum in MSØ ACh medium. The culture media ½ MS and MSØ with addition of activated charcoal favored in vitro germination for the three orchid species of this study.
Investigation of secondary school students’ cognitive structure about the concept of atom through the drawing technique
Ortaokul öğrencilerinin atom kavramına ilişikin bilişsel yapılarının çizim tekniği ile incelenmesi
Authors: Eryılmaz Muştu Özlem , Ucer Sare
Published: May 2018

In the current study, the purpose is to determine the secondary school students’ cognitive structure related to the concept of atom by using the drawing technique. The study was conducted with the participation of 90 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade students in 2016-2017 school year. The students were asked two open-ended questions to illustrate the concept of atom in their minds and to explain where they have learned the information expressed in their drawings about the atom so that the atom models in their minds could be elicited. The students’ responses to these questions were categorized by means of qualitative analysis and frequencies were calculated for them. At the end of the study, it was determined whether the atom models drawn by the students are false or acceptable. It was seen that the students rarely illustrated nucleus and electrons in their drawings and they usually drew spheres. Moreover, the students stated that they learned this information mostly from different textbooks or the Internet. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.  ÖzetÇocuklar, etraflarında olan olaylara karşı aşırı meraklıdırlar ve kavramlara kendileri kişisel anlamlar yüklemektedir. Öğrencilerin kavramları anlayabilmeleri için kavramların zihinlerine doğru bir şekilde kodlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada; ortaokul öğrencilerinin atom kavramı ile ilgili bilişsel yapılarının çizim tekniği ile belirlemesi amaçlanmıştır. 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde gerçekleştirilen çalışma; 5., 6., 7. ve 8. sınıflarında  öğrenim görmekte olan toplam 90 ortaokul öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öğrencilerin zihinlerindeki atom modellerini belirlemek amacıyla atom kavramı ile ilgili bir çizim yapmaları ve bu çizdikleri şekle ait bilgiyi nereden öğrendiklerini ifade edebilmeleri için iki adet açık uçlu soru sorulmuştur. Öğrencilerin verdikleri cevaplar nitel analiz yöntemiyle kategorilere ayrılmış ve frekans değerleri elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin çizdikleri atom modellerinin yanlış veya kabul edilebilir seviye olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin çizimlerinde nadiren çekirdek ve elektronlara yer verdiği genellikle küre şeklinde çizim yaptıkları görülmektedir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin bu bilgilere genellikle farklı ders kitaplarından veya internetten öğrendiklerini ifade ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Single pulse femtosecond laser ablation of silicon – a comparison between experimental and simulated two-dimensional ablation profiles
Authors: Moser Regina , Domke Matthias , Winter Jan , Huber Heinz P. , Marowsky Gerd
Published: May 2018

Ultrashort laser pulses are widely used for the precise structuring of semiconductors like silicon (Si). We present here, for the first time, a comparative study of experimentally obtained and numerically simulated two-dimensional ablation profiles based on parameters of commercially relevant and widely used near-infrared and diode pumped femtosecond lasers. Single pulse laser ablation was studied at a center wavelength of 1040 nm and pulse duration of 380 fs (FWHM) in an irradiating fluence regime from 1 J/cm2 to 10 J/cm2. Process thresholds for material transport and removal were determined. Three regimes, scaling with the fluence, could be identified: low and middle fluence regimes and a hydrodynamic motion regime. By comparing the simulated and experimental ablation profiles, two conclusions can be drawn: At 2 J/cm2, the isothermal profile of 3800 K is in excellent agreement with the observed two-dimensional ablation. Thus exceeding a temperature of 3800 K can be accepted as a simplified ablation condition at that fluence. Furthermore, we observed a distinct deviation of the experimental from the simulated ablation profiles for irradiated fluences above 4 J/cm2. This points to hydrodynamic motion as an important contributing mechanism for laser ablation at higher fluences.
Changes in Main Trace Components of Different Alcoholic Crude Chinese Spirits during Storage
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Maobing , Liu Xiaoyu
Published: May 2018

In distillation of crude spirits, alcohol content gradually reduces. At varying alcohol contents, trace element types and contents differ in crude spirits. In this study, three samples with 72.7, 65.3 and 55.8 %vol were obtained according to distilled liquor order. Crude spirit samples were analysed every 3 months, with detection of contents lasting for 2.5 years. Primary aldehydes, alcohols and esters were analysed by gas chromatography. Results of this study indicate that higher alcohol content in crude spirits results in higher amounts of aldehydes, alcohol and ester and lower acid content. During storage period of 2.5 years, alcohol contents changed minimally, and varied changes were observed for aldehydes, trends of different acids and esters.
Depression among oncological patients
Authors: Humeniuk Ewa , Dąbska Olga , Pawlikowska-Łagód Katarzyna , Krupa Aleksandra
Published: May 2018

Introduction. The issue of depression in the context of cancer is a very important and complex problem. Suffering from depression and cancer at the same time concerns from 20% to 80% of the patients.

Aim. Assessment of depression occurrence among oncological patients depending on the profile of the disease.

Material and methods. The research group consisted of 63 oncological patients. Diagnostic poll method, survey technique was used. Occurrence and intensity level of depression symptoms were measured according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) which was accompanied by the authorial questionnaire analyzing socio-demographic situation of the surveyed as well as the cancer profile i.e. type of cancer, ailments accompanying the disease and the frequency of their occurrence, undertaken therapies and their results.

Results. The analysis conducted with the help of BDI questionnaire presented the following results: more than half of the surveyed (54%, n=34) suffered from moderate depression and roughly 1/10 (n=7) of the surveyed suffered from severe depression. Only 1/3 (n=22) of the surveyed showed no signs of depression and complained only about low mood. Side effects of the treatment preventing patients from everyday functioning determined the occurrence of depression symptoms. Severity of cancer symptoms, duration of illness, time of diagnosis and number of attempts to fight the disease had no influence on the occurrence of depression symptoms.

Conclusions. Cancer influences every part of a patient’s life. Because of this, a holistic approach should be applied when treating such patients and that approach should be based on cooperation of doctors with clinical psychologists.
Physical activity among nursing students measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and their BMI
Authors: Waksmańska Wioletta , Bobiński Rafał , Wiczkowski Andrzej , Pielesz Anna
Published: May 2018

Introduction.Excessive body weight associated with modern lifestyle may result from overeating due to stress, sleep deprivation leading to increased appetite, insufficient physical activity and changes in dietary habits.

Aim.The aim of the study was to assess the amount of physical activity among female working undergraduate and graduate nursing students and the influence of this activity on their BMI values.

Material and methods.Undergraduate extramural students consisted 58 students (group I) and graduate full-time and extramural students – 45 (group II). The research involved calculating each student’s BMI value which was categorized in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. The measurement of physical activity was conducted on the basis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).

Results.Group I students more frequently presented abnormal body weight, with 47% being overweight. In group II, 24.5% of the respondents were overweight and 4.5% were underweight. We revealed a significant correlation between the time spent on intensive physical activity, both at work and during recreation at home, and the BMI value decreases as the time devoted to intensive physical activity increases.

Conclusions.The education system is recommended to be redesigned in such a way as to enable students to spend more time on physical activity.
Towards a reconstruction of Tin-trade routes in mediterranean protohistory
Authors: Woudhuizen Fred C.
Published: May 2018

In dieser Arbeit wird ein für die Bronzezeit des Mittelmeerraums grundlegendes Thema angesprochen: Woher stammt das Zinn zur Herstellung von Bronzeobjekten? Tatsächlich lassen sich nur zwei Möglichkeiten erkennen: der Mittlere Osten (Afghanistan und die Region Oxus an seiner nordöstlichen Grenze) oder der Westen (Erzgebirge, Bretagne, Cornwall oder Gallizien).
La vuelta a la ingenuidad: un comentario sobre el realismo natural de Hilary Putnam
Authors: González Luna Eduardo M.
Published: May 2018

La vuelta a la ingenuidad: un comentario sobre el realismo natural de Hilary Putnam.
Influence of a Vented Mouthguard on Physiological Responses in Handball
Authors: Schulze Antina , Laessing Johannes , Kwast Stefan , Busse Martin
Published: May 2018

Schulze, A, Laessing, J, Kwast, S, and Busse, M. Influence of a vented mouthguard on physiological responses in handball.J Strength Cond Res34(7): 2055–2061, 2020—Mouthguards (MGs) improve sports safety. However, airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in performance are theoretical disadvantages regarding their use. The study aim was to assess possible limitations of a “vented” MG on aerobic performance in handball. The physiological effects were investigated in 14 male professional players in a newly developed handball-specific course. The measured values were oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate, and lactate. Similar oxygen uptake (V̇o2) values were observed with and without MG use (51.9 ± 6.4 L·min−1·kg−1vs. 52.1 ± 10.9 L·min−1·kg−1). During maximum load, ventilation was markedly lower with the vented MG (153.1 ± 25 L·min−1vs. 166.3 ± 20.8 L·min−1). The endexpiratory concentrations of O2(17.2 ± 0.5% vs. 17.6 ± 0.8%) and CO2(4.0 ± 0.5% vs. 3.7 ± 0.6%) were significantly lower and higher, respectively, when using the MG. The inspiration and expiration times with and without the MG were 0.6 ± 0.1 seconds vs. 0.6 ± 0.1 seconds and 0.7 ± 0.2 seconds vs. 0.6 ± 0.2 seconds (all not significant), respectively, indicating that there was no relevant airflow restriction. The maximum load was not significantly affected by the MG. The lower ventilation for given V̇o2values associated with MG use may be an effect of improved biomechanics and lower respiratory drive of the peripheral musculature.
Body Composition Assessment in Female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Softball Athletes as a Function of Playing Position Across a Multiyear Time Frame
Authors: Peart Ashley , Wadsworth Danielle , Washington Jessica , Oliver Gretchen
Published: May 2018

Peart, A, Wadsworth, D, Washington, J, and Oliver, G. Body composition assessment in female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I softball athletes as a function of playing position across a multiyear time frame. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3049–3055, 2019—The purpose of this study was to record changes in total body mass, lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and body fat percentage (BF%) in female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level softball athletes over a multiyear time frame using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (iDXA). Forty-two (20.36 ± 1.59 years) NCAA Division I collegiate softball athletes volunteered over 2 years. Subjects tested 3 times throughout the season (pre-season, mid-season, and post-season) in 2015–2017. Total and regional LBM, FM, and BF% were measured by the iDXA. A mixed-design analysis of variance was performed to examine LBM, FM, BF%, and player position interaction over time. Where appropriate, post hoc tests were used to determine statistically different variables (p ≤ 0.05). Lean body mass decreased significantly (p = 0.048) from mid-season (50.02 ± 0.28) to post season (49.67 ± 0.37). Fat mass and BF% decreased significantly for all playing positions over the season except for pitchers, who showed significantly (p < 0.000) higher levels of FM (26.56 ± 1.74) and BF% (31.77 ± 1.14) than all other positions. The current study revealed that all athletes decreased in LBM during the competitive season. Pitchers from this study consistently maintain a higher FM and BF% than the catchers, infielders, and outfielders. These data reveal that more emphasis of training and conditioning for optimal performance should be focused on the pitching position to maintain a healthy body composition.
Autogenous Shrinkage of Cement Paste Interpreted by Electrical Resistivity and Capillary Stress at Early Age
Authors: Tao Jiayin , Wei Xiaosheng , Fu Lei
Published: May 2018

Autogenous shrinkage caused by the self-desiccation of cement-based materials at early age requires more attention from researchers because it can increase the risk of cracking in concrete. This article presents the relationships among autogenous shrinkage after final setting, the estimated effective capillary stress, and electrical resistivity of cement pastes. Autogenous shrinkage, internal relative humidity, chemical shrinkage, and electrical resistivity were measured for the plain cement paste that had water to cement ratios (W/C) of 0.3, 0.35, and 0.4 at early age. Electrical resistivity and its rate curve were presented to analyze the influence of W/C on the hydration process. A fitting function containing W/C, electrical resistivity, and three constant parameters was put forward to quantify the relationship between autogenous shrinkage and electrical resistivity. The autogenous shrinkage of cement paste at different ages can be predicted by the resistivity at 24 h; the relationship between electrical resistivity at 24 h and the effective capillary stress S·σcap at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h was also established to support the effectiveness of relating the self-desiccation development trend and electrical property of cement paste. This study introduces innovative and quick methods to estimate the autogenous shrinkage of cement paste by electrical resistivity.
High Tide
Authors: Osborne Thomas J.
Published: May 2018

The book’s core, this chapter treats Douglas’s somewhat unconventional personality and his management of staff before surveying his role in the commission’s handling of 12 representative issues and/or cases that came before that agency during his executive directorship (1985-2011). In many ways a maverick administrator, he carefully selected staffers and then trained them to be coastal warriors. His 26-year tenure as agency chief attested to his superb political skills, which he deployed not only to defeat various attempts to fire him, but also to maximize the clout of the Coastal Act. Lawsuits and/or commission decisions involving Malibu beach access, the Jonathan Club, Marine Forests Society, Bolsa Chica Wetlands, and the 241 Toll Road are highlighted.
The Unsettled Layers of Bangkok
Authors: Sopranzetti Claudio
Published: May 2018

This chapter explores the history of Bangkok since its founding in 1782 by reconstructing the contingent and open-ended processes that created the conditions of possibility for the emergence of motorcycle taxis in the 1980s. In particular, it focuses on four elements. The first is a mode of administration: a set of formalized, yet often informal, interactions between state officials, citizens, and territory—the dynamic of transforming authority into influence—which emerged at the turn of the twentieth century and continued to organize street life in Bangkok. The second revolves around a group of actors: millions of young and relatively unspecialized migrants from rural Thailand who, beginning in the late 1950s, provided the city with cheap labor. The third condition is technological: affordable motorcycles, which flooded Thailand in the 1960s. Finally, the last one is a physical setting: the maze of long and narrow alleys, known as soi, that solidified in the 1970s and rendered far-reaching mass public transportation in Bangkok virtually impossible. Contemporary Bangkok, this chapter shows, is the ever-changing product of incomplete attempts to impose order over the city, unexpected consequences and pushbacks, and the tensions and contradictions that resulted from them.
Epilogue
Authors: Sopranzetti Claudio
Published: May 2018

This epilogue follows the life of the motorcycle taxi drivers and the political situation in Thailand since the 2014 military coup. In particular, it explores how the government of Prayth Cha-o-cha is attempting to cement the cracks that the Red Shirts mobilization revealed in 2010. Once again, the chapter argues, these plans will not be completely successful and will create unintended consequences that will expose new fragility in the power of state forces.
Size Matters
Authors: Avieli Nir
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on the definition and characterization of Israeli cuisine. Based on interviews with dozens of chefs, restaurateurs, and food critics, and defying existing conventions of Israeli cuisine as an amalgam of diasporic Jewish cuisines, local produce, and (according to some) local Palestinian cuisine, the chapter argues that a defining element of Israeli food is large portions of “satisfying” dishes made from mediocre ingredients. Satiety, in this sense, is explained as a cultural rather than physiological trait. The implications of this tendency for excessive portions are discussed in personal, social, and national contexts. The chapter shows how the meanings Israelis attribute to their desire for large portions shed light on hidden aspects of contemporary Israeliness.
HIV on Trial
Authors: Hoppe Trevor
Published: May 2018

After the first successful conviction of an HIV-positive person in Michigan, the number of criminal cases quickly grew throughout the 1990s. In this chapter, I go inside the courtroom to show how courts justify their often-harsh sentences by calling HIV-positive defendants murderers and by casting HIV as a deadly weapon. I draw on an original dataset including court transcripts from over one hundred criminal court cases in Michigan and Tennessee that led to convictions. Even in cases in which the defendant could not have plausibly infected their partner, judges scold defendants for being a deadly threat to society. The various intricacies of each case seem to matter little—suggesting that HIV, not the defendant, was on trial.
Punishing Disease
Authors: Hoppe Trevor
Published: May 2018

The criminalization fever has arrived, and recent developments suggest it may be contagious. In 2014, Iowa reconsidered its HIV-specific criminal law after a widely reported case involving an HIV-positive gay man accused of having sex with a condom yielded a twenty-five-year prison term and lifetime sex offender registration. After a statewide advocacy campaign, the Iowa legislature moved to reduce the penalties for cases involving low risk—a success that was widely heralded by advocates as a sign of “modernization.” Less discussed was the simultaneous move to add a bevy of other infectious diseases to the criminal law, including tuberculosis and hepatitis. Left-leaning advocacy groups celebrated this shift as a triumph over AIDS stigma. Iowa’s legislative reform comes on the heels of a similar expansion in Tennessee, where the legislature voted to extend their HIV-specific criminal statute to individuals infected with Hepatitis B or C. These troubling developments suggest that the logic of criminalizing diseases is spreading and becoming more deeply entrenched in American society. This chapter reviews how this happened and explains why it is a problem for American society.
Epilogue
Authors: Boeri Miriam
Published: May 2018

The book ends with the climax of Harry’s story, written as a slice-of-life account in the first person—from a perspective only he can tell. Bringing readers to the present time, Boeri narrates a criminal investigation and a court case to illustrate in dramatic detail the continuing saga of the drug war, racial injustice, and mass incarceration.
Energy and Extrasensation
Authors: Lemon Alaina
Published: May 2018

Capitalist and socialist countries alike accused the other of brainwashing its citizens, creating cogs and robots instead of artists or free thinkers. These worries, again, have historical roots in transnational, imperial-era scientific, spiritual, and artistic conversations about the ways energy and matter create or hinder thought and willful action. We can trace them, for instance, through the ways Russian directors appropriated Western psychophysics and Eastern martial arts and yoga into theatrical training. Means of dividing and aligning energy and matter—as signs of contact and its failures—have proliferated across media for performance. On various stages, energy and matter are shaped to test for free movements of thought or feeling, the impulses that belie automation. At the same time, it is by attending to the social division of sensory fields—and to differences among ways those divisions are themselves made visible or not—that we can see where efforts to signal contact lead to additional, unexpected effects.
Afterword
Authors: Lemon Alaina
Published: May 2018

How to live despite and beyond technologies for intuition. Contact need not pose paradoxes or problems when we perceive the ubiquity of crossings and when we recognize thoughts to move always among beings, through and with channels of and for matter, resting only under certain conditions inside the braincase.
Censorship and the Work of Art (Where They Barbed the Fourth Corner Open
Authors: Luk Sharon
Published: May 2018

As interned communities were barred from normative channels of communication and self-representation, this chapter argues that the life of paper facilitated distinctive forms of both individual and collective being, in the latters’ essential dialectic. Chapter Four analyzes how this dialectic operates through the letter’s dialogical form in ways that necessarily exceed dominant Anglophonic literary assumptions and processes. With attention to how interned communities thus turned to aesthetic practices to exist through and beyond the terms of “population management,” this chapter places the life of paper broadly within pre-existing Japanese aesthetic traditions and corresponding onto-epistemologies of presence, absence, and the work of art. Close readings of letters focus on how they communicate affect to produce alternate forms of knowledge and truth-value under historical constraint: ultimately creating an archive of material for the re-assertion of social bonds, sutured through difference and across generations.
STK25 regulates oxidative capacity and metabolic efficiency in adipose tissue
Authors: Sütt Silva , Cansby Emmelie , Paul Alexandra , Amrutkar Manoj , Nuñez-Durán Esther , Kulkarni Nagaraj M , Ståhlman Marcus , Borén Jan , Laurencikiene Jurga , Howell Brian W , Enerbäck Sven , Mahlapuu Margit
Published: May 2018

Whole-body energy homeostasis at over-nutrition critically depends on how well adipose tissue remodels in response to excess calories. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase (STK)25 as a critical regulator of ectopic lipid storage in non-adipose tissue and systemic insulin resistance in the context of nutritional stress. Here, we investigated the role of STK25 in regulation of adipose tissue dysfunction in mice challenged with a high-fat diet. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed mice resulted in impaired mitochondrial function and aggravated hypertrophy, inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis in adipose depots. Reciprocally, Stk25-knockout mice displayed improved mitochondrial function and were protected against diet-induced excessive fat storage, meta-inflammation and fibrosis in brown and white adipose tissues. Furthermore, in rodent HIB-1B cell line, STK25 depletion resulted in enhanced mitochondrial activity and consequently, reduced lipid droplet size, demonstrating an autonomous action for STK25 within adipocytes. In summary, we provide the first evidence for a key function of STK25 in controlling the metabolic balance of lipid utilization vs lipid storage in brown and white adipose depots, suggesting that repression of STK25 activity offers a potential strategy for establishing healthier adipose tissue in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids.
Red Cell Distribution Width with CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score is associated with Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Kılıcgedik Alev , Naser Abdulrahman , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Kulahcioglu Seyhmus , Bakal Ruken Bengi , Unkun Tuba , Yilmaz Fatih , Kahveci Gokhan , Kirma Cevat
Published: May 2018

Background: The use of the CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system and red cell distribution width (RDW) as post-op Atrial Fibrillation (POAF) predictors may be promising for the identification of patients that are at a higher risk of POAF.Methods: A total of 358 patients (57 patients with POAF, and 301 patients with non-POAF ) with sinus rhythm undergoing a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation were included in the study retrospectively. Preoperative RDW levels and electrocardiograms with sinus rhythm were recorded. Patients with at least one 12-lead electrocardiogram with atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period, with or without medical or electrical cardioversion, were considered to have postoperative atrial fibrillation. A CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for all of the patients.Results: RDW levels were significantly higher in POAF group. RDW levels were significantly correlated with CHADS2 ( r = 0.15, P = .007) and CHA2DS2-VASc (r = 0.19 P = .0001) scores. CHA2DS2-VASc scores were significantly higher in patients with POAF, whereas CHADS2 scores did not differ between groups. In multivariate analysis, left atrial diameter (LAD) (OR:2.44 [95% CI 1.16 – 5.1], P = .018), age (OR:1.04 [95% CI 1.01 – 1.08], P = .01), and RDW (OR:1.16 [95% CI 1.0 – 1.36], P = .05) were found to be predictive for POAF. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of RDW was 0.65 (0.57 – 0.72, P = .0001) with 68.4% sensitivity and 51.2 % specificity to predict POAF.Conclusion: Our study showed that age, LAD, and the reduced probability of RDW are predictors of POAF, and that RDW is strongly associated with the thromboembolic risk as determined by CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores.
Genomic Selection for Late Blight and Common Scab Resistance in Tetraploid Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Enciso-Rodriguez Felix , Douches David , Lopez-Cruz Marco , Coombs Joseph , de los Campos Gustavo
Published: May 2018

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a staple food crop and is considered one of the main sources of carbohydrates worldwide. Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and common scab (Streptomyces scabies) are two of the primary production constraints faced by potato farming. Previous studies have identified a few resistance genes for both late blight and common scab; however, these genes explain only a limited fraction of the heritability of these diseases. Genomic selection has been demonstrated to be an effective methodology for breeding value prediction in many major crops (e.g., maize and wheat). However, the technology has received little attention in potato breeding. We present the first genomic selection study involving late blight and common scab in tetraploid potato. Our data involves 4,110 (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs) and phenotypic field evaluations for late blight (n=1,763) and common scab (n=3,885) collected in seven and nine years, respectively. We report moderately high genomic heritability estimates (0.46 ± 0.04 and 0.45 ± 0.017, for late blight and common scab, respectively). The extent of genotype-by-year interaction was high for late blight and low for common scab. Our assessment of prediction accuracy demonstrates the applicability of genomic prediction for tetraploid potato breeding. For both traits, we found that more than 90% of the genetic variance could be captured with an additive model. For common scab, the highest prediction accuracy was achieved using an additive model. For late blight, small but statistically significant gains in prediction accuracy were achieved using a model that accounted for both additive and dominance effects. Using whole-genome regression models we identified SNPs located in previously reported hotspots regions for late blight, on genes associated with systemic disease resistance responses, and a new locus located in a WRKY transcription factor for common scab.
Vivir formalmente en 45 metros cuadrados
Authors: Herran Coppelia
Published: May 2018

Medellín ha experimentando una fuerte renovación urbana durante las administraciones 2004-2011 en las que se desarrollaron los mejores proyectos de infraestructura, espacio público y vivienda en las zonas más pobres y violentas, convirtiéndola en un laboratorio especializado en temas de ciudad, mientras se proyecta como una urbe innovadora e incluyente. Para comprender las diversas significaciones asociadas al cambio que viene experimentando Medellín, este artículo dirige la mirada hacia un proyecto de Vivienda de Interés Social en edificios ubicados en la comuna 2, con el objetivo de conocer cómo se establece la dimensión social y material que confluye en esta intervención. Para esto, se realizó un análisis socioespacial basado en teorías como la trialéctica del espacio propuesta por Henri Lefebvre, los imaginarios de Armando Silva y las reflexiones sobre la acumulación desigual de la ciudad capitalista de David Harvey. Para conocer el uso y la significación que le otorgan los habitantes a este proyecto, se llevó a cabo una investigación de carácter cualitativo para identificar los encuentros y desencuentros que emergen cuando se transforma una ciudad que busca incrementar la calidad de vida de sus ciudadanos a través de la mejora de la vivienda.
Trabajos de grado de Diseño Industrial (1990-1998). Registro analítico del archivo
Authors: Solórzano Montoya David
Published: May 2018

El objetivo principal de este artículo es presentar de manera breve los resultados de una investigación para identificar cuáles fueron los campos de conocimiento sobre el diseño, las premisas teóricas y metodologías abordados en los trabajos de grado del programa de pregrado de Diseño Industrial de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, entre 1990 y 1998.
Concept models for design practice
Authors: Ruecker Stan
Published: May 2018

Los modelos conceptuales son guías para la vida. Algunos han sido desarrollados y validados en otros campos, y adoptados por los diseñadores para su uso. Los modelos conceptuales sirven para tomar decisiones y actuar, y aquellos validados, hacen que la toma de decisiones y la acción sean más rápidas, eficientes y exitosas. No es necesario que los modelos conceptuales estén completos para ser útiles, pero sí que los elementos que contienen sean relevantes para la actividad a desarrollar y que el modelo sea una representación lo suficientemente precisa para ser predictiva. Sin embargo, el diseño, al igual que muchas otras disciplinas inventivas (la arquitectura, la arquitectura del paisaje, la planificación urbana, la ingeniería, la informática) no se ha ocupado tradicionalmente del desarrollo y la validación de modelos conceptuales más allá de los aplicables a un proyecto único. En este artículo, argumentamos que ha llegado el momento de que las disciplinas inventivas produzcan cada vez más sus propios modelos conceptuales para beneficiar a sus profesionales en diferentes tipos de proyectos, al igual que en otras disciplinas donde la producción del conocimiento es secuencial (gran parte de las ciencias exactas) o agregativa (como en muchas de las humanidades).
El suicidio desde un enfoque psicosocial y de salud comunitaria: Los resultados del diagnóstico de Santa María de Dota, San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Maroto Vargas Adriana , Castillo Echeverría Carolina
Published: May 2018

El artículo expone los resultados del diagnóstico comunitario que se realizó en el marco del proyecto de la Universidad de Costa Rica “Desarrollo de capacidades en la comunidad de Santa María de Dota para la prevención del suicidio”, el cual tenía como objetivo contribuir con la comprensión de este fenómeno en dicha comunidad a partir de la identificación de aquellos factores que inciden sobre la conducta suicida. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa y participativa con técnicas como entrevistas, grupos de discusión y talleres. En los resultados se exponen las principales problemáticas de la comunidad y los aspectos positivos considerados respectivamente como factores de riesgo y factores protectores para el suicidio, así como la percepción que se tiene de este y las herramientas comunitarias para enfrentarlo.
La transnacionalización de los grupos empresariales diversificados y el rostro cambiante de las élites económicas centroamericanas
Authors: Benedicte Bull Benedicte , Kasahara Yuri
Published: May 2018

Este artículo presenta resultados de un estudio sobre las estrategias de los Grupos Empresariales Diversificados (GED) centroamericanos en frente a la globalización. Busca comprender cómo estos han cambiado en el proceso de integración económica en términos de su expansión al exterior, los sectores enfocados y su integración con las compañías transnacionales. Se plantea que, en general, los GED han cedido espacio para las grandes Compañías Transnacionales, a despecho de importantes excepciones y surgimiento de nuevos grupos. Sin embargo, mantienen su influenza por medio de sus redes de contactos nacionales e internacionales.
Periodismo bajo fuego: La nueva guerra del crimen organizado en Centroamérica
Authors: Sánchez Reyes María Isabel
Published: May 2018

Este artículo recoge los principales hallazgos de una investigación desarrollada sobre las condiciones en las cuales ejercen su profesión los periodistas que informan sobre la violencia criminal en Centroamérica, una región que ha pasado de la guerra civil a un nuevo conflicto con el crimen organizado: la del narcotráfico, las pandillas y otros grupos criminales que en algunas zonas operan bajo total impunidad y en connivencia con las autoridades estatales, civiles y militares. El diagnóstico se elaboró con la aplicación de un cuestionario y entrevistas a comunicadores de seis países centroamericanos que fueron víctimas de agresión en el cumplimiento de su labor. El estudio busca estimular la reflexión acerca de la amenaza que representa el crimen organizado para el ejercicio periodístico libre y profesional en Centroamérica.
El Salvador y la Revolución rusa (1917-1932)
Authors: Ching Erik , Ramírez José Alfredo
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo se pregunta sobre el impacto de la Revolución rusa en El Salvador, enfocándose específicamente en cómo moldeó la conciencia subjetiva de la población. El Salvador estaba lejos y era de poco interés para los rusos, y los salvadoreños, por su parte, observaron desde la distancia cómo la sociedad rusa sufría dramáticos cambios. La revolución promovió posturas anticomunistas, las cuales fueron dominantes en los medios de comunicación salvadoreños, así como puntos de vista en favor de la revolución, los cuales se manifestaron en espacios más clandestinos. Al final, Rusia fue un ejemplo distante y difuso a seguir, que conservó poca relación directa con las dinámicas salvadoreñas. Sin embargo, para aquellos salvadoreños que creían en la necesidad de un cambio transformativo en su sociedad, la revolución o al menos, la idea que ellos tenían en mente los motivó a la acción.
Élites en El Salvador: Cambios y continuidades (2000-2016)
Authors: Robles Rivera Francisco
Published: May 2018

En este artículo se analizan los cambios y continuidades en las élites económicas y en los ejes de acumulación en El Salvador en la década del 2000. Se discute que a diferencia de lo que se previó a inicios de los años noventa, es decir, el posicionar a El Salvador como un centro financiero regional, la mayor apertura comercial y la venta de empresas de capital privado salvadoreño ha modificado los ejes de acumulación de estas, orientando sus intereses, en especial, a las economías vinculadas con las remesas y los servicios. Finalmente, se discute de forma breve el impacto que tuvieron los gobiernos del FMLN y sobre todo la emergencia de nuevos agentes económicos vinculados al proyecto de ALBA petróleos.
En Honduras defender la vida es un pecado. Una etnografía de los discursos, prácticas y peligros de la oposición a la minería. Nick Middeldorp. Comayagüela, Distrito Central (Honduras): Impresiones Industriales, 2017
Authors: Palma Herrera José Luis
Published: May 2018

Desde el punto de vista de la investigación universitaria, este libro aumenta conocimiento científico al escaso acervo de literatura académica dedicada al estudio de la minería en Honduras, pues, hasta la fecha, podemos mencionar solo tres trabajos universitarios han trascendido las fronteras hasta convertirse en material de consulta obligada para quien desee conocer la temática minera en este pequeño pero rico país en recursos. El primero, un estudio doctoral de The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, EE. UU. (1973); el segundo, un análisis conjunto entre la Clark University, EE. UU. y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras (2017); y, finalmente, el libro de Nick Middeldorp de la Universidad de Wageningen, Países Bajos (2017), en el cual nos muestra por primera vez una perspectiva etnográfica donde los movimientos sociales son la base de una sociedad que lucha contra la aplicación del modelo de desarrollo basado en el extractivismo en su país y, concretamente, en su comunidad.