bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GPR-Based Automatic Identification of Root Zones of Influence Using HDBSCAN
Authors: Cui Xihong , Quan Zhenxian , Chen Xuehong , Zhang Zheng , Zhou Junxiong , Liu Xinbo , Chen Jin , Cao Xin , Guo Li
Published: March 2021

The belowground root zone of influence (ZOI) is fundamental to the study of the root–root and root–soil interaction mechanisms of plants and is vital for understanding changes in plant community compositions and ecosystem processes. However, traditional root research methods have a limited capacity to measure the actual ZOIs within plant communities without destroying them in the process. This study has developed a new approach to determining the ZOIs within natural plant communities. First, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a non-invasive near-surface geophysical tool, was used to obtain a dataset of the actual spatial distribution of the coarse root system in a shrub quadrat. Second, the root dataset was automatically clustered and analyzed using the hierarchical density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN) algorithm to determine the ZOIs of different plants. Finally, the shape, size, and other characteristics of each ZOI were extracted based on the clustering results. The proposed method was validated using GPR-obtained root data collected in two field shrub plots and one simulation on a dataset from existing literature. The results show that the shrubs within the studied community exhibited either segregated and aggregated ZOIs, and the two types of ZOIs were distinctly in terms of shape and size, demonstrating the complexity of root growth in response to changes in the surrounding environment. The ZOIs extracted based on GPR survey data were highly consistent with the actual growth pattern of shrub roots and can thus be used to reveal the spatial competition strategies of plant roots responding to changes in the soil environment and the influence of neighboring plants.
Multiwavelength Observations of Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Nicastro Luciano , Guidorzi Cristiano , Palazzi Eliana , Zampieri Luca , Turatto Massimo , Gardini Angela
Published: March 2021

The origin and phenomenology of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) remains unknown despite more than a decade of efforts. Though several models have been proposed to explain the observed data, none is able to explain alone the variety of events so far recorded. The leading models consider magnetars as potential FRB sources. The recent detection of FRBs from the galactic magnetar SGR J1935+2154 seems to support them. Still, emission duration and energetic budget challenge all these models. Like for other classes of objects initially detected in a single band, it appeared clear that any solution to the FRB enigma could only come from a coordinated observational and theoretical effort in an as wide as possible energy band. In particular, the detection and localisation of optical/NIR or/and high-energy counterparts seemed an unavoidable starting point that could shed light on the FRB physics. Multiwavelength (MWL) search campaigns were conducted for several FRBs, in particular for repeaters. Here we summarize the observational and theoretical results and the perspectives in view of the several new sources accurately localised that will likely be identified by various radio facilities worldwide. We conclude that more dedicated MWL campaigns sensitive to the millisecond–minute timescale transients are needed to address the various aspects involved in the identification of FRB counterparts. Dedicated instrumentation could be one of the key points in this respect. In the optical/NIR band, fast photometry looks to be the only viable strategy. Additionally, small/medium size radiotelescopes co-pointing higher energies telescopes look a very interesting and cheap complementary observational strategy.
Efficacy of Perceptual Learning-Based Vision Training as an Adjuvant to Occlusion Therapy in the Management of Amblyopia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hernández-Rodríguez Carlos Javier , Fukumitsu Hideki , Ruiz-Fortes Pedro , Soto-Negro Roberto , Merino-Suárez María , Piñero David P.
Published: March 2021

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of perceptual learning (PL) visual training in medium-term follow-up with a specific software (Amblyopia iNET, Home Therapy Systems Inc., Gold Canyon, AZ, USA) for visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) recovering in a sample of 14 moderate to severe amblyopic subjects with a previously unsuccessful outcome or failure with patching (PL Group). This efficacy was compared with that achieved in a patching control group (13 subjects, Patching 2). At one-month follow-up, a significant VA improvement in the amblyopic eye (AE) was observed in both groups, with no significant differences between them. Additionally, CS was measured in PL Group and exhibited a significant improvement in the AE one month after the beginning of treatment for 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles/º (p = 0.003). Both groups showed long-lasting retention of visual improvements. A combined therapy of PL-based visual training and patching seems to be effective for improving VA in children with amblyopia who did not recover vision with patching alone or had a poor patching compliance. This preliminary outcome should be confirmed in future clinical trials.
Detecting Climate Driven Changes in Chlorophyll-a in Deep Subalpine Lakes Using Long Term Satellite Data
Authors: Free Gary , Bresciani Mariano , Pinardi Monica , Ghirardi Nicola , Luciani Giulia , Caroni Rossana , Giardino Claudia
Published: March 2021

Climate change has increased the temperature and altered the mixing regime of high-value lakes in the subalpine region of Northern Italy. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a can help provide a time series to allow an assessment of the ecological implications of this. Non-parametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) was used to visualize and understand the changes that have occurred between 2003–2018 in Lakes Garda, Como, Iseo, and Maggiore. In all four deep subalpine lakes, there has been a disruption from a traditional pattern of a significant spring chlorophyll-a peak followed by a clear water phase and summer/autumn peaks. This was replaced after 2010–2012, with lower spring peaks and a tendency for annual maxima to occur in summer. There was a tendency for this switch to be interspersed by a two-year period of low chlorophyll-a. Variables that were significant in NPMR included time, air temperature, total phosphorus, winter temperature, and winter values for the North Atlantic Oscillation. The change from spring to summer chlorophyll-a maxima, relatively sudden in an ecological context, could be interpreted as a regime shift. The cause was probably cascading effects from increased winter temperatures, reduced winter mixing, and altered nutrient dynamics. Future trends will depend on climate change and inter-decadal climate drivers.
An Integrated Bottom-Up Approach for Leak Detection in Water Distribution Networks Based on Assessing Parameters of Water Balance Model
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Li , Chen Jinyu , Xiao Yao , Hou Dibo , Huang Pingjie , Zhang Guangxin , Zhang Hongjian
Published: March 2021

Loss of water due to leakage is a common phenomenon observed practically in all water distribution networks (WDNs). However, the leakage volume can be reduced significantly if the occurrence of leakage is detected within minimal time after its occurrence. Based on the discriminative behavior of different consumption in water balance, an integrated bottom-up water balance model is presented for leak detection in WDNs. The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm is employed to assess the parameters in the model. By analyzing the current value and the rising rate of the assessed parameters, abnormal events (e.g., leak, illegal use, or metering inaccuracy) could be detected. Furthermore, a one-step-slower strategy is proposed to estimate the weighted coefficient of pressure sensors to provide approximate location information of leak. The method was applied in a benchmark WDN and an experimental WDN to evaluate its performance. The results showed that relatively small leak could be detected in near-real-time. In addition, the method was able to identify the pressure sensors near to the leak.
Study on the Evaluation of (Heavy) Metals in Water and Sediment of Skadar Lake (Montenegro), with BCF Assessment and Translocation Ability (TA) by Trapa natans and a Review of SDGs
Authors: Krivokapić Marijana
Published: March 2021

Skadar Lake is a crypto-depression, a shallow lake, near to the Adriatic coast; the largest in the Balkan Peninsula and in southeastern Europe. The Lake is a very complex aquatic ecosystem in which anthropogenic activities have a long history in terms of the impact on wildlife and the overexploitation of natural resources. Such consequences related to heavy metals represent a global problem. Heavy metal pollution can cause severe ecological consequences in aquatic ecosystems. These pollutants accumulate in the aquatic biota from water, sediment and through the food chain, the impact can magnify. Aquatic macrophytes are good indicators of the health of a water body. This research was carried out to evaluate heavy metals concentration in water, sediment and in the aquatic macrophyte Trapa natans (water chestnut), with BCF (bio-concentration factor), BSAF (biota sediment accumulation factor) and TA (translocation ability), in order to determine the water quality of this specific part of the aquatic ecosystem of Skadar Lake near to the settlement of Vranjina, a fishing village. The determination of heavy metals was carried out by ICP-OES. (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry). Statistical analysis was established by R statistical computing software, version 3.5.3. The metal concentration in the water decreases in the following sequential order: As > Pb > Zn > Cu = Al = Cr > Cd = Hg. Meanwhile in the sediment, the descending sequence is as follows: Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > As > Cd > Hg. The ability of plants to absorb and accumulate metals from the aqueous growth medium was assessed using a bio-concentration factor. The BCF in the stem, leaf and fruit has high values, mainly, of Al, Cr, Cu and Zn, while for the biota sediment accumulation factor, the highest values were recorded for the following elements: Hg, Cd, Cu and Zn. Analysis of the translocation ability of TA shows the dominance of four metals: Pb, Cd, Hg and As. A significant positive Kendall’s correlation coefficient between sediment and stem (R = 0.73, p < 0.05), stem and leaf (R = 0.87, p < 0.05) and leaf and fruit (R = 1, p < 0.05) was established.
Intestinal Microbial Ecology and Fillet Metal Chemistry of Wild Grey Mullets Reflect the Variability of the Aquatic Environment in a Western Mediterranean Coastal Lagoon (Santa Giusta, Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: Floris Rosanna , Sanna Gabriele , Satta Cecilia Teodora , Piga Carlo , Sanna Francesco , Lugliè Antonella , Fois Nicola
Published: March 2021

Fish populations play an active role in the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems biodiversity. Their intestinal microbiota and fillet chemistry depend on abiotic and biotic factors of the water environments that they inhabit. The present study investigated the grey mullets’ gut microbiota from a transitional aquatic ecosystem (Santa Giusta Lagoon, Sardinia, Italy) by a multidisciplinary approach which refers the results of (1) gut cultivable microbiota analyses (MA), (2) the trace metal assessment of fish muscle (TM), (3) the physico-chemical water monitoring (PC). MA detected the greatest number of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms in Autumn (mean values 1.3 × 105, 2.4 × 104, 1.1 × 104 cfu g−1, respectively) when the accumulated rain and mean values of nutrients (reactive phosphorous and silica) were the highest. Marine bacteria were more numerous in Summer (mean value 7.4 × 105 cfu g−1) when the highest mean values of water temperature and salinity were registered. The gut bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas spp. (64%), Aeromonas spp. (17%), Ochrobactrum pseudogrignonense (10%), Providencia spp. (5%), Enterobacter ludwigii (2%) and Kocuria tytonicola (2%). TM showed that Ca, Na, B and Ni increased their concentrations in Winter while maxima of P, Zn, Cu and Fe were found in muscles of fish sampled in Summer. This study highlighted that the fish intestinal microbiota and metal composition of the fillet reflected the seasonal aquatic environmental variability.
Risk Assessment of Coastal Flooding under Different Inundation Situations in Southwest of Taiwan (Tainan City)
Authors: Imani Moslem , Kuo Chung-Yen , Chen Pin-Chieh , Tseng Kuo-Hsin , Kao Huan-Chin , Lee Chi-Ming , Lan Wen-Hau
Published: March 2021

The Pacific island countries are particularly vulnerable to the effects of global warming including more frequent and intense natural disasters. Seawater inundation, one of the most serious disasters, could damage human property and life. Regional sea level rise, highest astronomic tide, vertical land motions, and extreme sea level could result in episodic, recurrent, or permanent coastal inundation. Therefore, assessing potential flooding areas is a critical task for coastal management plans. In this study, a simulation of the static flooding situation in the southwest coast of Taiwan (Tainan city) at the end of this century was conducted by using a combination of the Taiwan Digital Elevation Model (DEM), regional sea level changes reconstructed by tide gauge and altimetry data, vertical land deformation derived from leveling and GPS data, and ocean tide models. In addition, the extreme sea level situation, which typically results from high water on a spring tide and a storm surge, was also evaluated by the joint probability method using tide gauge records. To analyze the possible static flood risk and avoid overestimation of inundation areas, a region-based image segmentation method was employed in the estimated future topographic data to generate the flood risk map. In addition, an extreme sea level situation, which typically results from high water on a spring tide and a storm surge, was also evaluated by the joint probability method using tide gauge records. Results showed that the range of inundation depth around the Tainan area is 0–8 m with a mean value of 4 m. In addition, most of the inundation areas are agricultural land use (60% of total inundation area of Tainan), and two important international wetlands, 88.5% of Zengwun Estuary Wetlands and 99.5% of Sihcao Wetlands (the important Black-faced Spoonbills Refuge) will disappear under the combined situation. The risk assessment of flooding areas is potentially useful for coastal ocean and land management to develop appropriate adaptation policies for preventing disasters resulting from global climate change.
Infl uence of crossbreeding and level of feeding on microstructural indicators of lamb
Authors: Dmitrik I. I.
Published: March 2021

When studying indicators that characterize the quality of meat and its nutritional value as part of the development and improvement of existing research methods, histological analysis of the tissues included in it becomes increasingly important. Histological method has been used to study the microstructure of muscle tissue (m. longissimus dorsi) and chemical composition in sheep of diff erent genotypes and reared at diff erent feeding levels. It has been found that the muscle tissue of sheep obtained from crossbreeding of breeds North Caucasus (SC) with Texel (T) has been characterized by a large amount of muscle fi bers by 5,0 and 11,3 % (P < 0,05), the smaller amount by 5,7 and 18,6 % (P < 0,05) in diameter, a higher “marbling” score by 5,2 and 8,3 points, and the lower content of connective tissue by 0,8 and 1,3 abs.% compared to purebreds North Caucasian and from crossbreeding North Caucasian with Poll Dorset breed (PD). Chemical analysis of meat revealed a tendency to increase the content of dry matter and fat by 1,1 and 0,1 abs. % in lamb genotype T×SC and less than the amount by 1,1 and 0,1 abs.% moisture compared to purebreds and PD×SC. Increasing the energy supply of sheep, regardless of breed affi liation, contributes to the formation by 10 % more number of muscle fi bers per unit area and the decrease in their diameter, which increases the “marbling” of lamb and increases its consumer quality. The results have been obtained indicate the feasibility of using morphometric indicators of muscle tissue in the development of criteria for assessing the quality of sheep meat productivity, intended for practical use in agriculture and the meat industry.
The evaluation of the economic effect of trophic connections of honey-bees and entomophilous plants
Authors: Kulakov V. N.
Published: March 2021

The paper is devoted to the study of the volume and value of biological resources of beekeeping, the feasibility and possibility of developing beekeeping on the basis of melliferous resources available in the Russian Federation. Beekeeping is an important branch of agriculture, since bee pollination of entomophilic agricultural plants is one of the most eff ective agricultural techniques, which leads to an increase in the yield of entomophilic agricultural plants by up to 300 %. The development of beekeeping on a national scale is possible only with serious state support. For such participation of the state, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the state of the industry, the biological resources of beekeeping and the prospects for development. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the feed base of beekeeping in the Russian Federation, determine potential honey reserves and prospects for the development of beekeeping in the Russia. We have touched on the topic of melliferous resources of entomophilic plants in this paper. The melliferous resources of Russia calculated in diff erent versions have been considered. The volume of melliferous resources, potential honey reserves, and the number of bee colonies that can be maintained based on the available melliferous resources in Russia have been given. The evaluation of the profi t that can be obtained with the development of beekeeping in Russia and proper pollination of entomophilic crops and wild entomophilic plants has been made. It has been noted that the melliferous resources of Russia theoretically allow to contain up to 30 million bee colonies and receive up to 452 million kg of commercial honey, which can meet the scientifi cally-based norms of honey consumption for all Russians. The total benefi t from proper pollination of entomophilic cultural and wild plants in Russia has been evaluated at an impressive amount approaching 1 trillion rubles per year.
Productive traits of cows under different technologies of housing
Authors: Kostomakhin N. M. , Gorelik O. V. , Neverova O. P. , Kharlap S. Yu. , Gorelik A. S.
Published: March 2021

Many factors are infl uenced on the dairy productivity of cows, such as heredity, breed, physiological state of the animal, stage of lactation, fatness, feeding, age, housing, and technology of their milking. Modern intensive milk production technology involves the use of free-stall housing of cows and their double milking in the milking parlour. Therefore, the study of the infl uence of milk production technology, including the conditions of cows housing on their productive traits is relevant. The purpose of the work was to study the productive traits of cows in diff erent conditions of housing. In order to carry out the research, a control (tie-up housing) and an experimental (free-stall housing) groups of mature cows have been formed. It was found as a result of research that the best reproductive traits were in the cows of the experimental group. The highest index of insemination has been occurred in the control group, it was higher by 1,5 sperm doses than in the experimental group. The period of open days in the control group was also by 21,1 % higher than in the experimental group. Animals of the experimental group had the best indicators of the coeffi cient of reproductive ability. During the fi rst stage of lactation more milk has been obtained from cows of the experimental group. It has been received for 100 days of lactation 3495±91,6 kg of natural milk from them, which was by 73 kg or 2,1 % more than from the control group cows, the diff erence was statistically insignifi cant. The highest rate of milk yield for 305 days of lactation was also found in the experimental group of cows, where it was 8715±42,7, which was higher by 90 kg or 1,1 % than in the control group. The mass fractions of fat and protein in the milk of animals of both groups had no signifi cant diff erences. Thus, the diff erence in favor of cows of the experimental group in fat content in milk was 0,05 abs.%, and in protein content – 0,03 abs.%, which allows us to conclude that there is the positive trend of the certain increase in mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in cow milk at their free-stall housing. The level of profi tability of milk production was also higher in the experimental group and amounted to 34 %.
Meat productivity of young pigs of domestic, Canadian and French breeding
Authors: Funikov G. A.
Published: March 2021

Under the conditions of large pig-breeding complexes in the raw material zone of OJSC “Smolmyaso” (Smolensk region), LLC “Meat Processing Plant Stupinsky”, LLC APC “Mashkino” (Moscow region) during 2007–2017 a scientifi c and production experiment was carried out to determine the meat productivity of young pigs of domestic, Canadian and French breeding of diff erent breed combinations. When young pigs reached the live weight of 95–105 kg a control slaughter was carried out in order to determine the meat parameters of pig carcasses of the studied combinations. It has been revealed as a result of the experiment that three-breeds young pigs of French selection have the best meat qualities in terms of such indicators as the fat depth – 20,6 mm, which was less than the minimum indicators in the subgroups of three-breeds young pigs of domestic and Canadian breeding by 5,9 and 1,9 mm, and in terms of the area of the eye of loin – 55,7 mm, it surpassed these subgroups by 21,3 and 1,4 %, respectively. When determining the qualitative composition of pig carcasses, it has been concluded that three-breeds young pigs of Canadian and French breeding have approximately the same carcass meat content, but signifi cantly exceeded these indicators of three-breeds young pigs of domestic breeding in terms of pulp yield by 1,5 and 0,7 %, and the index of meatness of carcasses was higher by 0,9 and 0,6 %, respectively. It will be able to conclude on the basis of the results of scientifi c and production experiment that in order to obtain marketable young animals with high meat qualities, it is recommended to use more widely three-breeds hybrid young pigs of Canadian and French breeding
Dynamics of live weight of young goats of the different origin in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Sambu-Khoo Ch. S. , Dvalishvili V. G. , Makarova E. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Live weight is one of the most important traits of the economic value of animals. It characterizes the breed and constitutional characteristics of animals, has a high positive correlation with meat, wool, and under hair productivity, and its age dynamics gives an idea of the animal’s precocity. In this regard, the dynamics of live weight of young goats of diff erent origins in the Republic of Tuva have been studied. The research material was young animals (yeanlings and doe kids) of goats of the Tuva population of Soviet wool breed and Tuva rough-woolen goats. The live weight and its gains from birth to 18 months of age have been determined. It has been found that in all the studied age periods, yeanlings and doe kids of Tuva rough-woolen goats had a higher live weight and increased growth rate. At birth, yeanlings surpassed their herdmates of Soviet wool breed by 28,0 %, at the age of 6 months by 27,0, at the age of 12 months by 27,2 and at 18 months of age by 30,1 %. The diff erence in live weight in doe kids was 27,3; 25,1; 20,7; 21,4 %, respectively. The data of live weight gains have showed that all the young goats had the highest growth rate during the milk growing period. The absolute gain in live weight of Tuva rough-woolen yeanlings in this period was higher by 4,8 kg compared to the Soviet woolly yeanlings.
Water protection aggregation systems for cleaning surface waste water from the territories of poultry farms
Authors: Ilyasov O. R. , Koshelev S. N. , Kostomakhin M. N. , Gavrilin I. I.
Published: March 2021

During the operation of poultry farms a large amount of poultry manure is accumulated. Surface wastewater from landfills for storing poultry manure can become the main source of pollution of natural waters. Thus, one of the most important problems of environmental protection is the development of effective systems for protecting aquatic ecosystems from pollution by waste water generated at landfills for storing poultry manure. The purpose of research was the analysis of water protection systems for treatment of surface wastewater from the territory of poultry farms. The authors of the article consider the problem of protection of water bodies from contamination by surface wastewater from the catchment area of poultry farms. The example of surface wastewater from the catchment area of the poultry farm “Sverdlovskaya” has shown the negative impact on water ecosystems. Our own studies of snow contamination from the catchment area of the poultry farm have shown a high content of not only organic and biogenic substances, but also heavy metals. A biotechnology of wastewater treatment using natural ion-exchange materials, followed by bioregeneration of the latter by higher aquatic vegetation, has been developed. The use of an accumulative phytofilter is an effective method of protecting water ecosystems from contamination by surface wastewater from catchment areas of poultry farms, and the design ensures not only the environmental friendliness of the technology, but also naturally fits into the landscape of the area.
New potato varieties under intensive phytosanitary technology in the Trans-Urals
Authors: Porsev I. N. , Zadvornev V. A. , Polovnikova V. V. , Nemirova N. A.
Published: March 2021

Cultivation of new varieties of potatoes is a guarantee of high yields and improvement of the phytosanitary situation. The selection of adaptive to adverse environmental factors and more productive potato varieties when growing them using phytosanitary intensive technology has been carried out. According to the purpose potato varieties are divided into table, technical, feed, and universal. Under the environments of the Kurgan region according to statistical data the potato crop in 2018 amounted to 93,6 thousand tons (111 % compared to the level of 2017) with an average yield of 22,0 t/ha. Potatoes are good feed for livestock. In terms of digestibility of organic matter (83–97 %), it as well as forage root crops, is in the fi rst place among plant feed. To feed animals are used the tubers raw or steamed form, as well as top in silage. Processed products, as well as mezga and barda are also excellent feed for livestock and other species of agricultural animals. It has been found during the comprehensive assessment of the quality of tubers that the studied potato varieties in the Central zone of the Kurgan region produce products of diff erent quality. The main prerequisites for realizing the genetic potential of the variety is its cultivation in agro ecological conditions that most fully meet the biological requirements, which allows us to identify not only the potential productivity of potato varieties, but also to determine the possibility of obtaining quality products. The best varieties for cultivation in the production conditions of JSC “Potato” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region were identifi ed using intensive production technology. According to the results of the production test we can recommend Gala variety (commercial yield of 36,4 t/ha) and Bellarosa variety with commercial yield of 25,6 t/ha and one hundred percent marketability of tubers.
Effectiveness of feed nitrogen use depending on the level of raw protein and the ratio of protein fractions in the rations of cows
Authors: Ryadchikov V. G. , Fileva Kuban N. S.
Published: March 2021

Protein nutrition of ruminants as well as other animal species, should be considered as an amino acid nutrition, since not protein as such, but amino acids are the main material for the synthesis of milk proteins, tissues, enzymes, many hormones, neuropeptides and others that play an important role in ensuring the vital functions of the body. Studying the eff ects of diff erent levels of DPR and ratios UPR:DPR with diff erent content of raw protein in rations for nitrogen metabolism, eff ectiveness of feed protein use and dairy productivity of cows is of great scientifi c and practical importance. The purpose of the researches was to determine the optimal levels of undigested protein in rumen (UPR) and digested protein in rumen (DPR) and to determine the possibility of reducing protein consumption in the rations of high-yielding Holstein cows during the early lactation period. It has been found that in rations with 15,7 % crude protein (CP) the optimal ratio was UPR:DPR = 35:65 (UPR – 5,44 %, DPR – 10,3 % DM), which has been confi rmed by the more active formation of free lysine and methionine in the rumen, the yield of microbial protein, higher coeffi cients of digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, fi ber, higher yield of lysine and methionine in the duodenal chyme, as well as the lowest losses of protein consumed in the process of rumen digestion. Dairy productivity of cows on this ration was at the level of that of cows on rations with 17,7 % CP – 38,7 kg/day when it contains 3,72 % fat and 3,27 % protein. On the ration with the same CP content (15,7 %), but the ratio of UPR:DPR = 50:50 there was a signifi cant decrease in feed consumption (P < 0,01) and the decrease in dairy productivity of cows, which was probably due to the low level of formation of ammonium nitrogen NH3 -N in the rumen.
Determination of the nomenclature of indicators for evaluation and analysis of operational and technical characteristics of internal combustion engines (ICE) of auto-tractor equipment
Authors: Sovin K.
Published: March 2021

The article provides performance indicators of internal combustion engines (ICE) of autotractor equipment by means of information exchange via CAN of tyres between electronic control units. The device is classified depending on its fi eld of application, as well as the list of components, operation of which is provided by application of CAN bus. Main values and performance indicators of ICE are indicated when using electronic control units: ACU, CAB, CCU, CLC, ECU, HCU, ICU, PTQ, TEC, VLC.
Development of innovative working bodies of tillage machines
Authors: Sidorov S. , Mironov D. , Lickin I. , Kostomakhin M.
Published: March 2021

It was shown that plow working bodies for cutting the soil layer of composite structures are now increasingly used. Authors developed new composite working bodies for domestic plows and conducted fi eld operational tests. Authors also produced a batch of experienced new working bodies. There was applied promising steel having a tensile strength after heat treatment of more than 1580 MPa. Authors increased wear resistance of the blade frame and bits hardening hard alloy method of plasma surfacing. There was developed overhead retractable chisel, increasing the resource of the working body by an additional 25–40 %. There was improved geometry of the blade part was achieved by creating a curved surface of the front side of the involute type skeleton. It showed that on diff erent types of soils, experienced plowshares surpassed the serial resource from 2.0 to 4 or more times. It was established that the most metal-intensive and expensive part of the working body, the skeleton, in most cases, with the maximum operating time of the entire product has a working condition, and for further operation it is enough to replace a cheaper replaceable chisel. It was shown that the advantage of experimental working bodies with an overhead chisel over serial ones is the wear on medium soils with a hardness of up to 3.2 MPa per day 1.8–2.2 times, on heavy, hardness more than 4 MPa in 2.5–4.0 times.
Sensors in the system of monitoring the technical condition of nodes and units of self-propelled agricultural machines
Authors: Kostomakhin M. , Voronov A.
Published: March 2021

The article presents material on the choice and justification of sensors that perform the transformation and communication of signals coming from units and assemblies of self-propelled agricultural machines. The main requirements of measuring means for monitoring controlled parameters of self-propelled agricultural machinery are given. It is established that analog and digital converters must be used as measuring sensors, with conversion to an electrical signal from 0 to 5 V. For optimum selection of measuring means, for simple, complex diagnostics, it is recommended to use the criterion of minimum costs, taking into account the established measurement error, and with the possibility of real physical control of the parameters at the object of diagnosis. After the fi nal choice of measuring instruments, they are carried out in the laboratory in order to determine the measuring range of the monitored quantities, their characteristics: frequency and maximum amplitude of the oscillation, and the choice of the characteristic attachment points of the measuring means. Based on the analysis and expert assessment, a list of several sensors for recording the monitored parameters used to determine the technical state of self-propelled agricultural machines was identified.
Return bit for ploughing tools
Authors: Liskin I. , Mironov D. , Sidorov S. , Afonina I.
Published: March 2021

Plough working elements performing formation cutting are the most loaded important parts, on which quality and economic indicators of ploughing depend. In terms of wear capacity, the difference for certain types of soils in Russia can range from 5 to 15 times. Developed and carried out tests of lemechs with a new, unparalleled in the world practice overhead return bit. Determination of the optimal ratio of the thickness of the cutting edge on the blade part of the front and rear side when installing the blade bit. Bits were made in which the leading edge (initial at operation) had a constant value of 4±2 mm. The rear edge had an optimal value of 6 mm from the experiments. The results of the tests showed that on the most common loam soils in the central regions of Russia, the optimal thickness value is the rear cutting edge, which turns the front edge 1.5–1.7 times. It was found that the cutting edge of the blade on the rear side when ploughing loam soils should exceed the leading edge 1.5–1.7 times in the initial period of operation and be 6–7 mm.
Environmental safety when handling toxic pesticides
Authors: Shoshmin A. , Grigoriev V. , Konstantinovskaya M.
Published: March 2021

Possibility is investigated and conditions of deactivation of the forbidden polychlorinated are defined pesticides (ZPHP). The method of an oxidizing destruktsiya in conditions appeared the most effective and universal interphase transfer by means of kationny surface-active substances. On the basis of the experimental researches universality and efficiency of a method of deactivation of ZPHP from «dirty dozen» is shown by a way oxidations by their permanganate of potassium in the sour environment at presence katamine AB. Low toxicity of products of reaction after deactivation of pesticides confirmed efficiency of a method.
Improving the quality of certification in agriculture
Authors: Kostomakhin M. N. , Kazakova V.A.
Published: March 2021

Justification of development and harmonization of interstate standards on repair of
combines, tractors and diesels for increase in effi ciency and quality of carrying out certification of works in agrarian and industrial complex is covered in article.
Management accounting as an element
of the corporate management system, problems
of its organization in economic entities
Authors: Taenchuk Ya.Yu Ya.Yu
Published: March 2021

The article describes the procedure and main problems of organizing management
accounting in the general corporate management system of the
economic entity, such as: low level of effectiveness of planning (budgeting)
mechanism or its absence; little information from the cost accounting
system; lack of well-established system for managing the activities of
the economic entity as a whole and its separate structural divisions; lack
of a mechanism for assessing the profitability of activities, etc.
Beneficios de un programa de reacondicionamiento físico y uso de mecanismos instrumentales sobre la mecánica ventilatoria del adulto mayor con enfermedad pulmonar crónica
Authors: Heyden López Franklin
Published: March 2021

Introducción:  la enfermedad pulmonar crónica está asociada a la debilidad de los músculos respiratorios que origina disnea y limitan la capacidad de ejercicio. Hay limitada evidencia a nivel nacional de los efectos de un programa de ejercicio y uso de mecanismos instrumentales en la mecánica pulmonar de las personas adultas mayores con problema pulmonar crónico. El propósito de este análisis fue conocer la efectividad de un programa de reacondicionamiento físico y uso de mecanismos instrumentales sobre la mecánica ventilatoria del adulto mayor con enfermedad pulmonar crónica. Metodología: se condujo un análisis observacional descriptivo de los efectos del Programa de Reacondicionamiento Físico del Adulto Mayor con Enfermedad Pulmonar Crónica (PRFAMEPC), el cual incluye el uso de varios mecanismos instrumentales, desarrollado en el Hospital Nacional de Geriatría y Gerontología, de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, entre enero 2012 y mayo 2018.  Se analizó el resultado de la mecánica pulmonar pre y post programa. Los resultados se expresan como promedio ± desviación estándar.  Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de t de student para medidas pareadas; también se hizo uso de la t de student para analizar por separado los grupos obstructivo y no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción. El nivel de significancia fue establecido en p≤0,05. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 21.0. Resultados:  se reclutaron un total de 53 adultos mayores. Se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -3,66; p<0,05) y resistencia (t= -2,80; p<0,05) de los músculos respiratorios de los participantes con problema pulmonar obstructivo y no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción. En los participantes con problema obstructivo se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -2.92; p<0,05) y la resistencia (t= -3,13; p<0,05) de los músculos respiratorios. En los participantes con problema no obstructivo sugestivo de restricción se identificaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza (t= -2.82; p<0,05) de los músculos. Conclusión:  se concluye que en las personas adultas mayores con enfermedad pulmonar crónica el PRFAMEPC produjo mejoras en la fuerza y resistencia muscular respiratoria.
Antibiotic prescribing in UK out-of-hours primary care services: a realist-informed scoping review of training and guidelines for healthcare professionals
Authors: Alves Paula Gomes , Hayward Gail , Leydon Geraldine , Barnes Rebecca , Woods Catherine , Webb Joseph , Booker Matthew , Ireton Helen , Latter Sue , Little Paul , Moore Michael , Nicholls Clare-Louise , Stevenson Fiona
Published: March 2021

Background

Antibiotic overuse has contributed to antimicrobial resistance, which is a global public health problem. In the UK, despite the fall in rates of antibiotic prescription since 2013, prescribing levels remain high in comparison with other European countries. Prescribing in out-of-hours (OOH) care provides unique challenges for prudent prescribing, for which professionals may not be prepared.

Aim

To explore the guidance available to professionals on prescribing antibiotics for common infections in OOH primary care within the UK, with a focus on training resources, guidelines, and clinical recommendations.

Design & setting

A realist-informed scoping review of peer-reviewed articles and grey literature.

Method

The review focused on antibiotic prescribing OOH (for example, clinical guidelines and training videos). General prescribing guidance was searched whenever OOH-focused resources were unavailable. Electronic databases and websites of national agencies and professional societies were searched following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Findings were organised according to realist review components, that is, mechanisms, contexts, and outcomes.

Results

In total, 46 clinical guidelines and eight training resources were identified. Clinical guidelines targeted adults and children, and included recommendations on prescription strategy, spectrum of the antibiotic prescribed, communication with patients, treatment duration, and decision-making processes. No clinical guidelines or training resources focusing specifically on OOH were found.

Conclusion

The results highlight a lack of knowledge about whether existing resources address the challenges faced by OOH antibiotic prescribers. Further research is needed to explore the training needs of OOH health professionals, and whether further OOH-focused resources need to be developed given the rates of antibiotic prescribing in this setting.
WACANA EKOFEMINISME TIRTO.ID
Authors: Fariz Luxy Nabela , Andhita Pundra Rengga
Published: March 2021

This research aims to study how tirto.id's attitude towards ecofeminism discourse in Kartini Kendeng conflict with PT. Semen Indonesia in Rembang, Central Java, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using Teun A. Van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) model which focuses on the elements of text, social cognition and social analysis. There are three data collection techniques that are carried out, namely, interviews, observation and literacy studies. The results showed that tirto.id had a fairly good consistency in raising the ecofeminism issue. Judging from the text elements, tirto.id presents themes, titles, leads, story telling and graphics that support the ecofeminism issue appearing in the community as a joint study that needs to be examined. Related to social cognition elements, tirto.id tried to build critical awareness about ecofeminism issue in Kartini Kendeng conflict with PT. Semen Indonesia. Until today the conflict is not over, Kartini Kendeng has consistently rejecting PT. Semen Indonesia, because it is cited, will have a destructive effect that has implications for the surrounding society. That capture is how tirto.id wants to build message through their writings. While from the social context elements, tirto.id has a holistic consideration compiling to raise the ecofeminism issue through the reporting of Kartini Kendeng. This report provides an opportunity for studies to open up the relationship between humans and the potential of environmental damage. tirto.id's consideration of preaching a special portion of the issue was able to take on the role of a bridge between reality inside and outside the text, giving rise to an inclusive perspective on women and the environment.
PENGELOLAAN EVENT GEDUNG SATE FESTIVAL 2018 OLEH DINAS PARIWISATA DAN KEBUDAYAAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Ariandani Raysha Nanda , Novianti Evi , Setianti Yanti
Published: March 2021

The realization of West Java, the inner and inner champion with innovation and collaboration. ”The West Java Disparbud seeks to preserve local cultural assets and make art and culture effective as regional assets that support the development of tourism in West Java in the frame of local wisdom.… SS One of the implementation of regional tourism promotion events held by the West Java Disparbud Marketing Sector is the Gedung Sate Festival 2018 event. Model Planning, Research, and Evaluation offers a broad research and planning methodology. With a descriptive approach. Evaluation is also carried out through media monitoring. Furthermore, the West Java Tourism and Culture Office conducted an evaluation by looking at reports on food product tenants sales of tenants, through media coverage and seeing how many media covered the 2018 Gedung Sate Festival event, through interviews with visitors at media, community feedback through social media. And based on the information we got, the response was positive and it can be said that the 2018 Gedung Sate Festival was successfully held .. The researcher recommends that planning should be thorough and anticipating obstacles that occur both in terms of publication, coordination, evaluation, research processes and technical implementation. In addition, we can be more sensitive to the obstacles of the 2018 Gedung Sate Festival.
Corpus Synodalium (March 2021) - Archiving Dossier Narrative
Authors: Dorin Rowan
Published: March 2021

Corpus Synodalium is a multi-year collaborative project (2016-) to compile a repertory of local ecclesiastical legislation (principally diocesan statutes and provincial canons) produced in Latin Christendom from 1200-1500, and to facilitate their study through the production of a corpus of full-text transcriptions. The project website allows users to explore and compare these texts using a variety of simple text analysis tools (including fuzzy and faceted searches, collocation, and time series). Users can also export search results to the first-ever digital atlas of medieval European dioceses and ecclesiastical provinces, in order to look for spatial patterns within the text corpus. The project was led by Rowan Dorin (History Department, Stanford University), with the support of a team of collaborators in the United States and Europe.
БІОРІЗНОМАНІТТЯ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЯ МІКСОМІЦЕТІВ БОТАНІЧНОГО ЗАКАЗНИКА МІСЦЕВОГО ЗНАЧЕННЯ «ШАРІВСЬКИЙ» (ХАРКІВСЬКА ОБЛ., УКРАЇНА)
Authors: В’юнник В. О. , Леонтьєв Д. В.
Published: March 2021

Дослідження біоти міксоміцетів ботанічного заказника місцевого значення «Шарівський», проведене у період 26 серпня – 15 листопада 2020 р. дозволило виявити 35 видів, що відносяться до 18 родів, 8 родин, 7 порядків та 2 підкласів класу Myxomycetes. Індекс різноманіття Маргалєфа для дослідженої біоти склав 18.6 (використовували десятковий логарифм), а індекс Менхініка – 4.1, що свідчить про відносно високий рівень різноманіття. Індекс Шеннона склав 1.4, індекс Сімпсона – 0.04, а індекс Пілоу ‒ 0.3, що вказує на високий рівень вирівненості видового спектру досліджуваної біоти. Розподіл виявлених видів за підкласами є майже однаковим, по 18 і 17 видів у двох підкласах, Lucisporomycetidae та Columellomycetidae відповідно. Найбільша кількість видів відноситься до порядків Stemonitidales та Physarales (по 8 видів), Trichiales (7). Серед родин провідне становище займає Physaraceae (8), Trichiaceae (7) та Amaurochaetaceae (6). Серед родів Cribraria Pers. (5), Arcyria F.H. Wigg., Trichia Haller та Physarum Pers. по 3 види. Більшість видів відносяться до ксилофільної екологічної групи (31; 88.6%), 3 види (8.6%) до кортикофільної і лише 1 вид (2.9%) до бріофільної, а Arcyria pomiformis продемонструвала змішану екологічну стратегію. Ці дані дають змогу охарактеризувати біоту міксоміцетів заказника як ксилофільну, що є звичайним для лісостепу. Серед субстратоутворюючих видів рослин, найбільше видів міксоміцетів було виявлено на Pinus sylvestris (24), всі інші субстратоутворюючі види значно поступаються за цим показником Quercus robur (7), Populus tremula та Fraxinus excelsior по 4 види. Досліджувана територія раніше не була об’єктом дослідження біоти міксоміцетів, тому всі виявленні види є новими для неї. Один з виявлених видів, Cribraria persoonii Nann.-Bremek вперше наводиться для лісостепової зони України та українського Лівобережжя, знайдена на мертвій деревині P. sylvestris.