bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral health status in children and adolescents with Fanconi anemia
Authors: Lyko Karine , Lemes Aline Louise , Bonfim Carmem , Torres‐Pereira Cassius Carvalho , Amenábar José Miguel
Published: November 2015

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the caries experience, dental care level, and oral hygiene in children and adolescents with Fanconi anemia.

Methods

Decay‐missing‐filled teeth index, restorative index and simplified oral hygiene index were examined in two groups of children and adolescents: FA, diagnosed with Fanconi anemia (n = 35) and a healthy control group, non‐FA (n = 35). Oral hygiene habits were assessed through questionnaires completed by parents.

Results

FA group presents higher decay‐missing‐filled teeth index values, dental care index, oral hygiene index. Nevertheless, no statistical difference was observed between the groups. Frequency of visits to the dentist was higher in the non‐FA group. Frequency of tooth brushing was higher in FA group and it was performed by the subjects without the help of their parents.

Conclusions

No difference was observed in caries experience, dental care level, and oral hygiene in children and adolescents with FA when compare with non‐FA.
Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
Authors: Pedersen B. K. , Saltin B.
Published: November 2015

This review provides the reader with the up‐to‐date evidence‐based basis for prescribing exercise as medicine in the treatment of 26 different diseases: psychiatric diseases (depression, anxiety, stress, schizophrenia); neurological diseases (dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis); metabolic diseases (obesity, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes); cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral apoplexy, and claudication intermittent); pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, cystic fibrosis); musculo‐skeletal disorders (osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis); and cancer. The effect of exercise therapy on disease pathogenesis and symptoms are given and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed. We have interpreted the scientific literature and for each disease, we provide the reader with our best advice regarding the optimal type and dose for prescription of exercise.
Polygonal mounds in the Barents Sea reveal sustained organic productivity towards the P–T boundary
Authors: Alves Tiago M.
Published: November 2015

Three‐dimensional (3D) seismic‐reflection data from the Barents Sea show geometric similarities between Permian cool‐water mounds and older carbonate build‐ups. In detail, the Samson Dome area records the development of polygonal mounds in Upper Permian strata; at the same time, a gradual drowning event took place in the Barents Sea. The presence of these polygonal mounds is interpreted to reflect: (i) shallower conditions around the Samson Dome than in other parts of the Barents Sea; and (ii) earlier drowning of Upper Permian mounds towards the west and northwest into the Ottar Basin. Based on the recognition of mounds ~20 m below the Permian–Triassic stratigraphic boundary, this paper proposes for the first time that shallow areas of the Barents Sea, such as the Samson Dome, witnessed sustained organic productivity until the onset of the P–T extinction event.
Cellular events during scar‐free skin regeneration in the spiny mouse, Acomys
Authors: Brant Jason O. , Yoon Jung H. , Polvadore Trey , Barbazuk William Brad , Maden Malcolm
Published: November 2015

In contrast to the lab mouse, Mus musculus, several species of spiny mouse, Acomys, can regenerate epidermis, dermis, hairs, sebaceous glands with smooth muscle erector pili muscles and skeletal muscle of the panniculus carnonsus after full thickness skin wounding. Here, we have compared the responses of these scarring and nonscarring organisms concentrating on the immune cells and wound cytokines, cell proliferation, and the collagenous components of the wound bed and scar. The blood of Acomys is very neutropenic but there are greater numbers of mast cells in the Acomys wound than the Mus wound. Most importantly there are no F4/80 macrophages in the Acomys wound and many proinflammatory cytokines are either absent or in very low levels which we suggest may be primarily responsible for the excellent regenerative properties of the skin of this species. There is little difference in cell proliferation in the two species either in the epidermis or mesenchymal tissues but the cell density and matrix composition of the wound is very different. In Mus there are 8 collagens which are up‐regulated at least 5‐fold in the wound creating a strongly trichrome‐positive matrix whereas in Acomys there are very few collagens present and the matrix shows only light trichrome staining. The major component of the Mus matrix is collagen XII which is up‐regulated between 10 and 30‐fold after wounding. These results suggest that in the Acomys wound the absence of many cytokines resulting in the lack of macrophages is responsible for the failure to up‐regulate fibrotic collagens, a situation which permits a regenerative response within the skin rather than the generation of a scar.
Etch residue removal of CoFeB using CO/NH3 reactive ion beam for spin transfer torque-magnetic random access memory device
Authors: Jeon Min Hwan , Yang Kyung Chae , Park Jin Woo , Yun Deok Hyun , Kim Kyong Nam , Yeom Geun Young
Published: November 2015

Using a reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) system, the possibility of removing the sidewall residues remaining on etched nanoscale CoFeB features and the W hard mask after using a conventional inductively coupled plasma etching system was investigated. Upon increasing the ion energy of the Ar beam, a similar sputter yield increase was found for both CoFeB side wall residues and the W hard mask. Hence, increasing the ion beam energy to improve etch residue removal efficiency at the same time induces a degradation of the CoFeB profile because of the W hard mask erosion. However, when CO/NH3 was used as the RIBE gas mixture, at ion energy in the range of 90–110 eV, the effective residue removal from CoFeB etched features without etching the W hard mask. When the ion energy of the CO/NH3 RIBE exceeds 140 eV, again similar sputter yields are found for both CoFeB side wall residues and the W hard mask.
Speech perception at positive signal-to-noise ratios using adaptive adjustment of time compression
Authors: Schlueter Anne , Brand Thomas , Lemke Ulrike , Nitzschner Stefan , Kollmeier Birger , Holube Inga
Published: November 2015

Positive signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) characterize listening situations most relevant for hearing-impaired listeners in daily life and should therefore be considered when evaluating hearing aid algorithms. For this, a speech-in-noise test was developed and evaluated, in which the background noise is presented at fixed positive SNRs and the speech rate (i.e., the time compression of the speech material) is adaptively adjusted. In total, 29 younger and 12 older normal-hearing, as well as 24 older hearing-impaired listeners took part in repeated measurements. Younger normal-hearing and older hearing-impaired listeners conducted one of two adaptive methods which differed in adaptive procedure and step size. Analysis of the measurements with regard to list length and estimation strategy for thresholds resulted in a practical method measuring the time compression for 50% recognition. This method uses time-compression adjustment and step sizes according to Versfeld and Dreschler [(2002). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 401–408], with sentence scoring, lists of 30 sentences, and a maximum likelihood method for threshold estimation. Evaluation of the procedure showed that older participants obtained higher test-retest reliability compared to younger participants. Depending on the group of listeners, one or two lists are required for training prior to data collection.
Effect of audibility on spatial release from speech-on-speech masking
Authors: Glyde Helen , Buchholz Jörg M. , Nielsen Lillian , Best Virginia , Dillon Harvey , Cameron Sharon , Hickson Louise
Published: November 2015

This study investigated to what extent spatial release from masking (SRM) deficits in hearing-impaired adults may be related to reduced audibility of the test stimuli. Sixteen adults with sensorineural hearing loss and 28 adults with normal hearing were assessed on the Listening in Spatialized Noise–Sentences test, which measures SRM using a symmetric speech-on-speech masking task. Stimuli for the hearing-impaired listeners were delivered using three amplification levels (National Acoustic Laboratories - Revised Profound prescription (NAL-RP) +25%, and NAL-RP +50%), while stimuli for the normal-hearing group were filtered to achieve matched audibility. SRM increased as audibility increased for all participants. Thus, it is concluded that reduced audibility of stimuli may be a significant factor in hearing-impaired adults' reduced SRM even when hearing loss is compensated for with linear gain. However, the SRM achieved by the normal hearers with simulated audibility loss was still significantly greater than that achieved by hearing-impaired listeners, suggesting other factors besides audibility may still play a role.
Adaptive reverberation noise delay estimation for reverberation suppression in dual band ultrasound imaging
Authors: Brende Ole Martin , Angelsen Bjørn
Published: November 2015

The behavior of the propagation delays introduced in dual frequency band ultrasound imaging is discussed. In particular, the delay of reverberation noise components is examined. Using a delay corrected subtraction (DCS) method, it is possible to suppress the reverberation noise if the behavior of the propagation delays is known. Here, a signal adaptive estimation for the reverberation delay is introduced and applied through DCS to suppress reverberation noise in a numerically simulated signal. The reverberation reduction is compared to DCS suppression using a simpler delay estimation and shows that a signal based adaptive estimation yields a improved suppression of reverberation noise. The study indicates that the advantage of the adaptive estimation is highest when the medium has changing nonlinearity with depth.
Secondary Professional Socialization Through Professional Organizations: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Richards K. Andrew R. , Eberline Andrew D. , Templin Thomas J.
Published: November 2015

Secondary professional socialization is a phase of occupational socialization theory that focuses on graduate education in preparation for a career in academia. Due to the need to present and publish research and make professional contacts, professional organizations likely serve an important socializing function during graduate education. The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand graduate students’ perspectives of participating in professional organizations. Participants included 16 health and physical education graduate students who shared their experiences in focus group interviews. Data were analyzed using constant comparison and inductive analysis. Results indicate graduate students become involved in professional organizations primarily due to faculty encouragement. Participants highlighted networking as a benefit of involvement, and viewed professional learning and opportunities to present research as important to their career development. Results are discussed through the lens of occupational socialization theory, and limitations and implications for graduate student training are shared.
The subcellular localization and activity of cortactin is regulated by acetylation and interaction with Keap1
Authors: Ito Akihiro , Shimazu Tadahiro , Maeda Satoko , Shah Asad Ali , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko , Iemura Shun-ichiro , Natsume Toru , Suzuki Takafumi , Motohashi Hozumi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Yoshida Minoru
Published: November 2015

Promoting acetylation and thus nuclear localization of a cytoskeletal remodeling protein may limit cancer metastasis.
Science Signaling
Podcast for 24 November 2015: Antidepressants and epigenetics
Authors: Rein Theo , VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: November 2015

The antidepressant paroxetine affects epigenetic regulation of
Bdnf
.
Precision medicine by synthetic lethality
Authors: Prabakaran Sudhakaran
Published: November 2015

Inhibition of WEE1 selectively kills H3K26 methylation-deficient cells.
Blocking transcription in tumors, STAT
Authors: Nusinovich Yevgeniya
Published: November 2015

Systemically administered antisense oligonucleotide AZD9150 inhibits STAT3 and shows anticancer activity in preclinical models and patients.
Stemming the progression of cancer
Authors: Nusinovich Yevgeniya
Published: November 2015

An antibody-drug conjugate targeting LGR5 effectively treats intestinal cancer in preclinical models.
Precocious Nodal activity
Authors: VanHook Annalisa M.
Published: November 2015

An unprocessed form of Nodal can stimulate signaling through an FGF receptor.
No going back
Authors: Hines Pamela J.
Published: November 2015

Multiple fail-safe signaling pathways ensure that developing axons cross the spinal cord midline no matter what.
How dying tumor cells get noticed
Authors: Mueller Kristen L.
Published: November 2015

Formyl peptide receptor 1 helps the immune system sense dying tumor cells.
Unmet needs: Research helps regulators do their jobs
Authors: Altman Russ B. , Khuri Natalia , Salit Marc , Giacomini Kathleen M.
Published: November 2015

New medical products and the need to apply modern tools for their evaluation has spurred opportunities in regulatory science.
Neutrophil-derived microvesicles enter cartilage and protect the joint in inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Headland Sarah E. , Jones Hefin R. , Norling Lucy V. , Kim Andrew , Souza Patricia R. , Corsiero Elisa , Gil Cristiane D. , Nerviani Alessandra , Dell’Accio Francesco , Pitzalis Costantino , Oliani Sonia M. , Jan Lily Y. , Perretti Mauro
Published: November 2015

Neutrophils generate chrondroprotective AnxA1-containing microvesicles that enter immune cell–impenetrable cartilage.
Transcriptome analysis of GVHD reveals aurora kinase A as a targetable pathway for disease prevention
Authors: Furlan Scott N. , Watkins Benjamin , Tkachev Victor , Flynn Ryan , Cooley Sarah , Ramakrishnan Swetha , Singh Karnail , Giver Cindy , Hamby Kelly , Stempora Linda , Garrett Aneesah , Chen Jingyang , Betz Kayla M. , Ziegler Carly G. K. , Tharp Gregory K. , Bosinger Steven E. , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Miller Jeffrey S. , Waller Edmund K. , Blazar Bruce R. , Kean Leslie S.
Published: November 2015

Transcriptomic profiling of primate T cells during acute graft-versus-host disease reveals signaling pathways that when inhibited, ameliorate disease.
Big dipper, little dipper
Authors: Ju Yo-El
Published: November 2015

Individuals with an impaired cerebrovascular system are more likely to show

increased brain amyloid deposition, potentially a therapeutic opportunity for treating Alzheimer’s disease.
Above the landscape
Authors: Suzuki Masako
Published: November 2015

The metabolome regulates the epigenetic landscape in human pluripotent stem cells.
Phylogenetic Distribution of CRISPR-Cas Systems in Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: van Belkum Alex , Soriaga Leah B. , LaFave Matthew C. , Akella Srividya , Veyrieras Jean-Baptiste , Barbu E. Magda , Shortridge Dee , Blanc Bernadette , Hannum Gregory , Zambardi Gilles , Miller Kristofer , Enright Mark C. , Mugnier Nathalie , Brami Daniel , Schicklin Stéphane , Felderman Martina , Schwartz Ariel S. , Richardson Toby H. , Peterson Todd C. , Hubby Bolyn , Cady Kyle C.
Published: November 2015

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an antibiotic-refractory pathogen with a large genome and extensive genotypic diversity. Historically,
P. aeruginosa
has been a major model system for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying type I clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)-based bacterial immune system function. However, little information on the phylogenetic distribution and potential role of these CRISPR-Cas systems in molding the
P. aeruginosa
accessory genome and antibiotic resistance elements is known. Computational approaches were used to identify and characterize CRISPR-Cas systems within 672 genomes, and in the process, we identified a previously unreported and putatively mobile type I-C
P. aeruginosa
CRISPR-Cas system. Furthermore, genomes harboring noninhibited type I-F and I-E CRISPR-Cas systems were on average ~300 kb smaller than those without a CRISPR-Cas system.
In silico
analysis demonstrated that the accessory genome (
n
= 22,036 genes) harbored the majority of identified CRISPR-Cas targets. We also assembled a global spacer library that aided the identification of difficult-to-characterize mobile genetic elements within next-generation sequencing (NGS) data and allowed CRISPR typing of a majority of
P. aeruginosa
strains. In summary, our analysis demonstrated that CRISPR-Cas systems play an important role in shaping the accessory genomes of globally distributed
P. aeruginosa
isolates.

IMPORTANCE
P. aeruginosa
is both an antibiotic-refractory pathogen and an important model system for type I CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune systems. By combining the genome sequences of 672 newly and previously sequenced genomes, we were able to provide a global view of the phylogenetic distribution, conservation, and potential targets of these systems. This analysis identified a new and putatively mobile
P. aeruginosa
CRISPR-Cas subtype, characterized the diverse distribution of known CRISPR-inhibiting genes, and provided a potential new use for CRISPR spacer libraries in accessory genome analysis. Our data demonstrated the importance of CRISPR-Cas systems in modulating the accessory genomes of globally distributed strains while also providing substantial data for subsequent genomic and experimental studies in multiple fields. Understanding why certain genotypes of
P. aeruginosa
are clinically prevalent and adept at horizontally acquiring virulence and antibiotic resistance elements is of major clinical and economic importance.
PelvicActinomyces israeliiabscess: a differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass
Authors: Dhillon Ajit Kaur , Fairlie Neil , Finch Guy
Published: November 2015

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to our district general hospital, with a rapidly growing, increasingly tender mass in the right iliac fossa, difficulty mobilising with a fixed flexion deformity of the right hip and 15 kg weight loss in 5 months. Her 8-month long surgical history for investigation of a pelvic mass stemmed from the removal of an intrauterine device. It included radiological and surgical investigations. We report the second case in the literature, of a patient presenting with abdominal wall abscess, psoas abscess and hydronephrosis as a long-term complication ofActinomyces israeliiinfection of the ipsilateral ovary with a favourable outcome having excluded ovarian malignancy.
Use of ticagrelor in human pregnancy, the first experience
Authors: Verbruggen Marjan , Mannaerts Dominique , Muys Joke , Jacquemyn Yves
Published: November 2015

Ticagrelor was daily administered throughout pregnancy to a 37-year-old pregnant woman until 36 weeks of gestation. The patient, with Behçet disease, suffered from a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction 4 months before conception, possibly related to hypertension and tobacco abuse. Pregnancy and postpartum periods were uneventful. She delivered a healthy but small-for-gestational-age term neonate.
Fulminant antenatal pulmonary oedema in a woman with hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia
Authors: Kubota-Sjogren Yukiko , Nelson-Piercy Catherine
Published: November 2015

An asymptomatic 40-year-old para 1 black African woman with pre-existing hypertension and a booking blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg, was admitted with superimposed preeclampsia diagnosed because of worsening hypertension and significant proteinuria at 27+5 weeks gestation. Antenatally, her blood pressure was controlled with labetalol, and blood tests including serum creatinine were within normal limits for pregnancy. Three days later, the patient developed severe hypertension despite treatment, and reported sudden onset severe shortness of breath; oxygen saturations on air dropped to 93%. Auscultation revealed widespread crepitations leading to a working diagnosis of pulmonary oedema. Despite appropriate management, respiratory function continued to deteriorate and she required intubation, ventilation and emergency caesarean section under general anaesthesia. A live male infant was delivered floppy and was intubated and resuscitated. He awaits discharge home on oxygen. The mother's pulmonary oedema resolved postpartum. Echocardiogram showed left ventricular hypertrophy but normal left ventricular function and the patient's hypertension is being controlled on medication.
EVerT2—needling versus non-surgical debridement for the treatment of verrucae: study protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hashmi Farina , Torgerson David , Fairhurst Caroline , Cockayne Sarah , Bell Kerry , Cullen Michelle , Harrison-Blount Michael
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Verrucae are extremely common, and are experienced by most people at some time during their lives. Although most verrucae will spontaneously disappear without treatment, many patients seek treatment, often because they have persisted for many years, are unsightly or painful or prevent them from doing sports or other activities. There are many different treatments available; including the Falknor's needling procedure. To date, there has only been one small trial evaluating the clinical effectiveness of this treatment and no health economic analysis has been undertaken. The Effective Verruca Treatments (EVerT2) trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the needling procedure for the treatment of verrucae.

Methods and analysis

This single-centre randomised controlled trial will recruit 58 participants (aged 18 years and over with a plantar verruca) from Salford Podiatry Clinic patient lists and the surrounding area. If the participant presents with multiple verrucae, an ‘index’ verruca (largest and thickest lesion) will be identified and patients will be randomised 1:1 to the intervention group to receive the needling treatment or the control group to have the callus overlying the verruca debrided. The primary outcome is complete clearance of the index verruca at 12 weeks after randomisation. Secondary outcomes include clearance and recurrence of the treated verruca, clearance of all verrucae, number of verrucae remaining, change in size of the index verruca, pain, and participant satisfaction. A cost-effectiveness analysis of the needling versus callus debridement will be carried out from the perspective of health services over a time horizon of 12 weeks.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Salford, Department of Health Sciences Ethical Approval Committee (HSCR15/24) and the University of York, Department of Health Sciences Research Governance Committee (HSRGC/2014/98/B). Findings will be disseminated through publication and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN16429440.
An ecological analysis of PM2.5concentrations and lung cancer mortality rates in China
Authors: Fu Jingying , Jiang Dong , Lin Gang , Liu Kun , Wang Qiao
Published: November 2015

Objective

To explore the association between Particulate Matter (PM)2.5(particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) and lung cancer mortality rates and to estimate the potential risk of lung cancer mortality related to exposure to high PM2.5concentrations.

Design

Geographically weighted regression was performed to evaluate the relation between PM2.5concentrations and lung cancer mortality for males, females and for both sexes combined, in 2008, based on newly available long-term data. Lung cancer fatalities from long-term exposure to PM2.5were calculated according to studies by Pope IIIet aland the WHO air quality guidelines (AQGs).

Setting

31 provinces in China.

Results

PM2.5was associated with the lung cancer mortality of males, females and both sexes combined, in China, although there were exceptions in several regions, for males and females. The number of lung cancer fatalities calculated by the WHO AQGs ranged from 531 036 to 532 004, whereas the number calculated by the American Cancer Society (ACS) reached 614 860 after long-term (approximately 3–4 years) exposure to PM2.5concentrations since 2008.

Conclusions

There is a positive correlation between PM2.5and lung cancer mortality rate, and the relationship between them varies across the entire country of China. The number of lung cancer fatalities estimated by ACS was closer to the actual data than those of the WHO AQGs. Therefore, the ACS estimate of increased risk of lung cancer mortality from long-term exposure to PM2.5might be more applicable for evaluating lung cancer fatalities in China than the WHO estimate.
Risk and protective factors for falls on one level in young children: multicentre case–control study
Authors: Benford P , Young B , Coupland C , Watson M , Hindmarch P , Hayes M , Goodenough T , Majsak-Newman G , Kendrick D
Published: November 2015

Background

Childhood falls are an important global public health problem, but there is lack of evidence about their prevention. Falls on one level result in considerable morbidity and they are costly to health services.

Objective

To estimate ORs for falls on one level in children aged 0–4 years for a range of safety behaviours, safety equipment use and home hazards.

Design, setting and participants

Multicentre case–control study at hospitals, minor injury units and general practices in and around four UK study centres. Participants included 582 children less than 5 years of age with a medically attended fall injury occurring at home and 2460 controls matched on age, sex, calendar time and study centre.

Main outcome measure

Fall on one level.

Results

Cases’ most common injuries were bangs on the head (52%), cuts or grazes not needing stitches (29%) or cuts or grazes needing stitches (17%). Comparing cases to community controls in the adjusted analyses, significant findings were observed for only two exposures. Injured children were significantly less likely to live in a household without furniture corner covers (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.72, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.95), or without rugs and carpets firmly fixed to the floor (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.98).

Conclusions

We did not find any safety practices, use of safety equipment or home hazards associated with a reduced risk of fall on one level. Our findings do not provide evidence to support changes to current injury prevention practice.
Headway Duo microcatheter for cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization with n-BCA
Authors: Heit Jeremy J , Faisal Abigail G S , Telischak Nicholas A , Choudhri Omar , Do Huy M
Published: November 2015

Background

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon vascular lesions, and hemorrhage secondary to AVM rupture results in significant morbidity and mortality. AVMs may be treated by endovascular embolization, and technical advances in microcatheter design are likely to improve the success and safety of endovascular embolization of cerebral AVMs.

Objective

To describe our early experience with the Headway Duo microcatheter for embolization of cerebral AVMs with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (n-BCA).

Methods

Consecutive patients treated by endovascular embolization of a cerebral AVM with n-BCA delivered intra-arterially through the Headway Duo microcatheter (167 cm length) were identified. Patient demographic information, procedural details, and patient outcome were determined from electronic medical records.

Results

Ten consecutive patients undergoing cerebral AVM embolization using n-BCA injected through the Headway Duo microcatheter were identified. Presenting symptoms included headache, hemorrhage, seizures, and weakness. Spetzler Martin grades ranged from 1 to 5, and AVMs were located in the basal ganglia (2 patients), parietal lobe (4 patients), frontal lobe (1 patient), temporal lobe (1 patient), an entire hemisphere (1 patient), and posterior fossa (1 patient). 50 arterial pedicles were embolized, and all procedures were technically successful. There was one post-procedural hemorrhage that was well tolerated by the patient, and no other complications occurred. Additional AVM treatment was performed by surgery and radiation therapy.

Conclusions

The Headway Duo microcatheter is safe and effective for embolization of cerebral AVMs using n-BCA. The trackability and high burst pressure of the Headway Duo make it an important and useful tool for the neurointerventionalist during cerebral AVM embolization.
Republished: Lung consequences in adults born prematurely
Authors: Bolton Charlotte E , Bush Andrew , Hurst John R , Kotecha Sailesh , McGarvey Lorcan
Published: November 2015

Although survival has improved significantly in recent years, prematurity remains a major cause of infant and childhood mortality and morbidity. Preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation) account for 8% of live births representing >50 000 live births each year in the UK. Preterm birth, irrespective of whether babies require neonatal intensive care, is associated with increased respiratory symptoms, partially reversible airflow obstruction and abnormal thoracic imaging in childhood and in young adulthood compared with those born at term. Having failed to reach their optimal peak lung function in early adulthood, there are as yet unsubstantiated concerns of accelerated lung function decline especially if exposed to noxious substances leading to chronic respiratory illness; even if the rate of decline in lung function is normal, the threshold for respiratory symptoms will be crossed early. Few adult respiratory physicians enquire about the neonatal period in their clinical practice. The management of these subjects in adulthood is largely evidence free. They are often labelled as asthmatic although the underlying mechanisms are likely to be very different. Smoking cessation, maintaining physical fitness, annual influenza immunisation and a general healthy lifestyle should be endorsed irrespective of any symptoms. There are a number of clinical and research priorities to maximise the quality of life and lung health in the longer term not least understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimising treatment, rather than extrapolating from other airway diseases.
Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in North America and northern Eurasia. I. Numerical taxonomy and character analysis
Authors: Crins William J. , Ball Peter W.
Published: November 2015

The patterns of variation in morphological characters of the North American and northern Eurasian members of the Carex flava group (section Ceratocystis) have been examined using principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, with the aim of elucidating the phenetic relationships of these taxa. Taxa that have been reported to occur on both land masses have been compared, and in all such cases, the multivariate numerical analyses have shown them to be taxonomically identical. Additional micromorphological and ecological characters have also been examined in several taxa within the complex. Achene silica body ornamentation presents a trend toward increasing elaboration with evolutionary advancement. Analyses of soil macronutrients and acidity suggest that North American C. flava L. is a calciphile, as it is in Europe, while C. cryptolepis Mack. is a calcifuge. The infraspecific taxa within C. viridula Michx. vary in their soil preferences, or are generalists. On the basis of the morphometric, micromorphological, and ecological analyses, three distinct species (C. flava, C. cryptolepis, and C. viridula) are recognized within this complex, the last containing six infraspecific taxa. They are formally treated in the second part of this series.
Taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (Cyperaceae) in North America and northern Eurasia. II. Taxonomic treatment
Authors: Crins William J. , Ball Peter W.
Published: November 2015

The taxonomy of the Carex flava complex (section Ceratocystis) in North America and northern Eurasia is revised. Three species are recognized in this complex (C. flava L., C. cryptolepis Mack., and C. viridula Michx.). Carex viridula contains six infraspecific taxa, which are differentiated on the basis of differences in inflorescence structure, degree of perigynium curvature, leaf and bract morphology, chromosome number, and ecological preference. Three nomenclatural changes are required: C. viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha (Čelak.) B. Schmid var. elatior (Schlecht.) Crins, comb.nov.; C. viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha var. nevadensis (Boiss. & Reuter) Crins, comb.nov.; C. viridula ssp. brachyrrhyncha var. saxilittoralis (Robertson) Crins, comb, et stat.nov. This classification reflects the results of morphological, ecological, and cytological studies, and is also consistent with the hypothesized phylogenetic history of the section as a whole. A key is provided for all of the North American and northern Eurasian members of section Ceratocystis. Descriptions and distribution maps for members of the C. flava complex are also provided.
An analysis of the development of single and double flowers in Potentilla fruticosa
Authors: Innes R. L. , Remphrey W. R. , Lenz L. M.
Published: November 2015

Sectioned and intact shoot apices from Potentilla fruticosa L. plants producing singe and double flowers were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy. In both flower types the whorls of floral organs were initiated in a helical pattern similar to that of the foliage leaves, although the interval between successive primordia was decreased. The petals and stamens were initiated on a pentagonal ridge surrounding the apex. A primordium was initiated at each vertex of this ridge and about five others along each side. Initially there were no apparent differences among these primordia. The primordia at the vertices always developed into petals. In single flowers all other primordia on the ridge developed into stamens. In double flowers the primordia adjacent to those at the vertices developed petalloid characteristics in the same sequence in which they were initiated. The extra petals are thus found in positions otherwise occupied by stamens, and form at the expense of stamens. Quantitative analysis of petal and stamen numbers support this conclusion.
Encapsidated and unencapsidated double-stranded RNAs in flax rust, Melampsora lini
Authors: Dickinson M. J. , Pryor A. J.
Published: November 2015

Double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules in different strains of Melampsora lini have been assigned to three transmission groups (L, A, and B) on the basis of sexual, asexual, and infectious transmission studies. This paper correlates different transmissions with different cellular locations. The L transmission unit, comprising a single dsRNA of 4200 base pairs (bp) is present in isometric virus particles of 40 nm diameter, with a major capsid protein of 75 kDa. These properties suggest that the virus should be classified in the A group of Mycoviruses and the designation MeliV is proposed for this virus. The A and B transmission units, each composed of several discrete dsRNA molecules in the size range 1200–2800 bp, are not packaged in virus capsids but are found in some as yet undefined RNase resistant complex. The two units have different banding patterns in Cs2SO4 buoyant density gradients suggesting they are present in complexes of different composition correlating with the different transmission characteristics of the two units.
The identity of Crinigera maritima and three new genera of marine cleistothecial ascomycetes
Authors: Koch J. , Jones E. B. Gareth
Published: November 2015

Three cleistothecial marine Ascomycotina collected on driftwood along the Danish coasts are compared. The three species are described as new and each accommodated in its own new genus: Biflua physasca, Marisolaris ansata, and Dryosphaera navigans. Dryosphaera navigans is a new name for what earlier was understood as Crinigera maritima Schmidt, a cleistothecial fungus with treelike appendages covering the surface of the peridium and ascospores with slime threads spirally uncoiling from the spore wall. All three species have cleistothecia with sterile appendages, occur on driftwood associated with sand, are loosely attached to the substratum at maturity, and have appendaged ascospores. The morphological characters of the three species are compared and all are considered to have affinities to the bitunicate ascomycetes. Tentatively D. navigans is assigned to the Coronophorales, but no order or family was found to accommodate the remaining new species. An amended diagnosis is provided for Crinigera maritima Schmidt, and it is concluded that material does not show whether the fungus is an ascomycete or a fungus imperfectus.
Similitude génétique et mode de dispersion : la nature des populations clonales de peupliers baumiers (Populus balsamifera L.) au Nouveau-Québec
Authors: Comtois Paul , Payette Serge , Simon Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2015

In an attempt to understand the genetic make-up of northern populations of the balsam poplar, their genetic similarity has been estimated by means of foliar morphological and enzymatic characters. A factorial principal component analysis has shown that the morphological characters could be reduced to leaf size and shape, as well as to three accessory variables: the length of the petiole, the number of teeth and the top angle of the leaf tip. The shape and accessory characters were the most discriminant when comparing poplar stands. The fringing of poplar stands at the forest edges is determined mainly by the population density. Partition analyses of discriminant morphological characters and electrophoretically determined allele frequencies point to heavy gene exchange between poplar stands. The centres of genetic diversity of the east coast of Hudson Bay allows us to visualize species dispersal according to the "stepping stone" pattern, i.e. according to a progression that stems from successive discrete events. [Journal translation]
Karyotypic analysis of Ligniera verrucosa (Plasmodiophoromycetes)
Authors: Braselton James P.
Published: November 2015

Synaptonemal complexes in nuclei of transitional plasmodia of Ligniera verrucosa were counted through serial section analysis. The haploid chromosome number was determined to be 38, which distinguishes Ligniera from other plasmodiophorid genera, particularly Polymyxa (n = 30) and Sorosphaera (n = 33).
A computational study of quantum transport properties of hydrogen passivated graphene monoxide: NDR and rectification
Authors: Notash Mina Yaghoobi , Ebrahimzadeh Alireza Rastkar , Sardroodi Jaber Jahanbin
Published: November 2015

We computed the electronic transport properties of a structure analogue to graphene monoxide using combining non-equilibrium Green’s function and density functional theory methods. These properties were transmission spectrum and current – bias voltage characteristics, along with density of states and projected density of states of the electrodes and central molecules. We found that the computed current values in considered bias potentials had the rectification behavior and included a negative differential resistance region. We interpreted these properties using the relative localization and delocalization of molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian orbitals.
VALUATION OF OPTIONS ON OIL FUTURES UNDER THE 3/4 OIL PRICE MODEL
Authors: OUD MOHAMMED A. ABA , GOARD JOANNA
Published: November 2015

Recently, an empirically-validated one-factor model with a 3/4-power diffusion term was introduced in the literature to model oil prices and value futures contracts on oil. In this paper, we provide an exact and analytic approximation for European call option prices on futures under a 3/4-power futures model. The analytic approximation, valid for short times to expiry is then calibrated to market prices. Results from the calibration show that the analytic approximation formula outperforms current popular options on futures formulae in capturing market prices.
Accurate refinement of docked protein complexes using evolutionary information and deep learning
Authors: Akbal-Delibas Bahar , Farhoodi Roshanak , Pomplun Marc , Haspel Nurit
Published: November 2015

One of the major challenges for protein docking methods is to accurately discriminate native-like structures from false positives. Docking methods are often inaccurate and the results have to be refined and re-ranked to obtain native-like complexes and remove outliers. In a previous work, we introduced AccuRefiner, a machine learning based tool for refining protein–protein complexes. Given a docked complex, the refinement tool produces a small set of refined versions of the input complex, with lower root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) of atomic positions with respect to the native structure. The method employs a unique ranking tool that accurately predicts the RMSD of docked complexes with respect to the native structure. In this work, we use a deep learning network with a similar set of features and five layers. We show that a properly trained deep learning network can accurately predict the RMSD of a docked complex with 1.40 Å error margin on average, by approximating the complex relationship between a wide set of scoring function terms and the RMSD of a docked structure. The network was trained on 35000 unbound docking complexes generated by RosettaDock. We tested our method on 25 different putative docked complexes produced also by RosettaDock for five proteins that were not included in the training data. The results demonstrate that the high accuracy of the ranking tool enables AccuRefiner to consistently choose the refinement candidates with lower RMSD values compared to the coarsely docked input structures.
Metabolite Damage and Metabolite Damage Control in Plants
Authors: Hanson Andrew D. , Henry Christopher S. , Fiehn Oliver , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie
Published: November 2015

It is increasingly clear that (a) many metabolites undergo spontaneous or enzyme-catalyzed side reactions in vivo, (b) the damaged metabolites formed by these reactions can be harmful, and (c) organisms have biochemical systems that limit the buildup of damaged metabolites. These damage-control systems either return a damaged molecule to its pristine state (metabolite repair) or convert harmful molecules to harmless ones (damage preemption). Because all organisms share a core set of metabolites that suffer the same chemical and enzymatic damage reactions, certain damage-control systems are widely conserved across the kingdoms of life. Relatively few damage reactions and damage-control systems are well known. Uncovering new damage reactions and identifying the corresponding damaged metabolites, damage-control genes, and enzymes demands a coordinated mix of chemistry, metabolomics, cheminformatics, biochemistry, and comparative genomics. This review illustrates the above points using examples from plants, which are at least as prone to metabolite damage as other organisms.
Mito-Morphosis: Mitochondrial Fusion, Fission, and Cristae Remodeling as Key Mediators of Cellular Function
Authors: Pernas Lena , Scorrano Luca
Published: November 2015

Permanent residency in the eukaryotic cell pressured the prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestor to strategize for intracellular living. Mitochondria are able to autonomously integrate and respond to cellular cues and demands by remodeling their morphology. These processes define mitochondrial dynamics and inextricably link the fate of the mitochondrion and that of the host eukaryote, as exemplified by the human diseases that result from mutations in mitochondrial dynamics proteins. In this review, we delineate the architecture of mitochondria and define the mechanisms by which they modify their shape. Key players in these mechanisms are discussed, along with their role in manipulating mitochondrial morphology during cellular action and development. Throughout, we highlight the evolutionary context in which mitochondrial dynamics emerged and consider unanswered questions whose dissection might lead to mitochondrial morphology–based therapies.
The modulation of adiponectin by STAT5-activating hormones
Authors: White Ursula A. , Maier Joel , Zhao Peng , Richard Allison J. , Stephens Jacqueline M.
Published: November 2015

Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipocytes that plays an important role in insulin sensitivity and protects against metabolic syndrome. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are potent STAT5 activators that regulate the expression of several genes in adipocytes. Studies have shown that the secretion of adiponectin from adipose tissue is decreased by treatment with PRL and GH. In this study, we demonstrate that 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with GH or PRL exhibit a reduction in adiponectin protein levels. Furthermore, we identified three putative STAT5 binding sites in the murine adiponectin promoter and show that only one of these, located at −3,809, binds nuclear protein in a GH- or PRL-dependent manner. Mutation of the STAT5 binding site reduced PRL-dependent protein binding, and supershift analysis revealed that STAT5A and -5B, but not STAT1 and -3, bind to this site in response to PRL. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (IP) analysis demonstrated that only STAT5A, and not STAT1 and -3, bind to the murine adiponectin promoter in a GH-dependent manner in vivo. Adiponectin promoter/reporter constructs were responsive to GH, and chromatin IP analysis reveals that STAT5 binds the adiponectin promoter in vivo following GH stimulation. Overall, these data strongly suggest that STAT5 activators regulate adiponectin transcription through the binding of STAT5 to the −3,809 site that leads to decreased adiponectin expression and secretion. These mechanistic observations are highly consistent with studies in mice and humans that have high GH or PRL levels that are accompanied by lower circulating levels of adiponectin.
Time course of human motoneuron recovery after sustained low-level voluntary activity
Authors: Héroux Martin E. , Butler Annie A. , Gandevia Simon C. , Taylor Janet L. , Butler Jane E.
Published: November 2015

Motoneurons often fire repetitively and for long periods. In sustained voluntary contractions the excitability of motoneurons declines. We provide the first detailed description of the time course of human motoneuron recovery after sustained activity at a constant discharge rate. We recorded the discharge of single motor units (MUs, n = 30) with intramuscular wire electrodes inserted in triceps brachii during weak isometric contractions. Subjects ( n = 15) discharged single MUs at a constant frequency (∼10 Hz) with visual feedback for prolonged durations (3–7 min) until rectified surface electromyogram (sEMG) of triceps brachii increased by ∼100%. After a rest of 1–2, 15, 30, 60, 120, or 240 s, subjects briefly resumed the contraction with the target MU at the same discharge rate. Each MU was tested with three to four rest periods. The magnitude of sEMG was increased when contractions were resumed, and the target motoneuron discharged at the test frequency following rest intervals of 2–60 s ( P = 0.001–0.038). The increased sEMG indicates that greater excitatory drive was needed to discharge the motoneuron at the test rate. The increase in EMG recovered exponentially with a time constant of 28 s but did not return to baseline even after a rest period of ∼240 s. Thus the decline in motoneuron excitability from a weak contraction takes several minutes to recover fully.