bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Analytics in 21st century education: a review
Authors: Chiappe Andres , Rodríguez Lilian Patricia
Published: June 2017

Abstract Learning Analytics is a topic of growing interest among educational research community. As a result of a systematic literature review, this article describes the usefulness of Learning Analytics as a key element to support a proper 21st century education and to intervene its current crisis from the perspective of different educational stakeholders such as teachers, students, principals and family. From a 1384 document corpus, 100 of them were processed through an abstracting and in-depth reading and a further categorizing stage. Results showed that Learning Analytics provides important inputs for a well-informed decision making of educational stakeholders. Also, despite its importance and educational potential, current implementation of Learning Analytics should no longer be restricted to highly technical profiles but to be open to the academic community and the population in general. In that sense, it is proposed that the skills and knowledge related to Learning Analytics must be included in an updated version of “21st century information literacy”.
POST-SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL SPONDYLOTIC MYELOPATHY
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ LUIS MARIO ALTAMIRANO , NAVA ULISES LORETO , GONZÁLEZ RUBÉN TORRES , LEDESMA IVÁN RAMSÉS ÁGUILA , FLORES ERIKA VANESSA TAPIA , SANTOS RENÉ MORALES DE LOS , ATANASIO JOSÉ MANUEL PÉREZ , MARTÍNEZ EULALIO ELIZALDE
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the incidence and type of postoperative hospital complications in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) treated by anterior approach, and to describe comorbidities present in patients who had complications. Methods: Retrospective, observational, descriptive cohort study of secondary sources (medical records), over a period of 3 years. We included 180 cases treated by anterior approach, excluding revision surgeries. Results: There was an incidence of complications of 11.11% (20 cases), with no statistically significant difference between sexes. The main complication was pneumonia (50%), associated to prolonged intubation (40%), followed by neurological impairment (20%). In the hospital outcome he was found most often to another hospital discharge (65%, 13 cases). The main comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension (31.58%, p = 0.46), followed by smoking (26.32%, p 0.10). Conclusions: The highest hospital incidence of postoperative complications was found in patients with CSM treated by anterior approach in relation to that reported in the literature. There was a high incidence of airway complications not correlated with soft tissue edema or hematoma in more than half of the cases. The incidence of airway complications shows an area of opportunity to improve extubation protocols and management of the airways in post-surgical special care unit. Level of Evidence III. SIRELCIS Registry: R-2014-3401-5. Study conducted without commercial support.
Ending the history of silence: reconstructing European Slave trading in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Allen Richard B.
Published: June 2017

Abstract: Thirty-eight years ago, Hubert Gerbeau discussed the problems that contributed to the “history of silence” surrounding slave trading in the Indian Ocean. While the publication of an expanding body of scholarship since the late 1980s demonstrates that this silence is not as deafening as it once was, our knowledge and understanding of this traffic in chattel labor remains far from complete. This article discusses the problems surrounding attempts to reconstruct European slave trading in the Indian Ocean between 1500 and 1850. Recently created inventories of British East India Company slaving voyages during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and of French, Portuguese, and other voyages involving the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius and Réunion between 1670 and the 1830s not only shed light on the nature and dynamics of British and French slave trading in the Indian Ocean, but also highlight topics and issues that future research on European slave trading within and beyond this oceanic world will need to address.
Immune-Related Adverse Events as a Biomarker in Non-Melanoma Patients Treated with Programmed Cell Death 1 Inhibitors
Authors: Judd Julia , Zibelman Matthew , Handorf Elizabeth , O'Neill John , Ramamurthy Chethan , Bentota Sasini , Doyle Jamie , Uzzo Robert G. , Bauman Jessica , Borghaei Hossein , Plimack Elizabeth R. , Mehra Ranee , Geynisman Daniel M.
Published: June 2017

Background

The programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors (CKIs) can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We sought to evaluate whether the development of irAEs correlates with treatment response in non-melanoma malignancies.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received anti-PD-1 CKI monotherapy at Fox Chase Cancer Center. Endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), time to next therapy or death (TTNTD), and overall survival (OS). Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression models were used to determine the association between irAE incidence and ORR, and Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank tests and Cox regression models were used for the comparison of TTNTD and OS.

Results

Between November 2011 and November 2016, 160 patients were treated with >1 dose of an anti-PD-1 CKI. Seventy-three (46%) were treated on a clinical trial. Immune-related adverse events were noted in 64 patients (40%), with steroids required in 36 (23%). Of the 142 patients evaluable for clinical response, 28 patients (20%) achieved a partial response at first scan. An association between irAEs and ORR was seen in clinical trial patients (p = .007), but not in non-trial patients (p = .13). When controlling for clinical trial participation and cancer type using multivariate analysis, low-grade irAEs had higher ORR (p = .017) and longer TTNTD (p = .008). No association between irAE incidence and OS was seen (p = .827). Immune-related adverse events that required steroid treatment were marginally associated with increased TTNTD (p = .05, hazard ratio 0.62) but were not associated with OS (p = .13).

Conclusion

We demonstrate several positive associations between the development of irAEs and clinical outcomes in non-melanoma patients treated with PD-1 CKIs, for which further validation is required.
The Will to Enclose: Foucault's Archive in the Era of Cold War Big Data
Authors: Pribilsky Jason
Published: June 2017

This article explores Foucault's concept of the archive within the context of archival practices emanating during the early Cold War. This period witnessed the feverish acquisition of "big data" (cross-cultural surveys, databases, etc.) as well as the technological innovations to facilitate it (computer punch cards, cybernetic networks), in service of revealing key factors and drivers that would lead all so-called "backwards peoples" through universal phases of modernization. As Foucault's thinking on the archive was taking shape, the global behavioral sciences were compiling the archives that would produce compelling understanding of human's true nature, considering everything from competitiveness to creativity to economic outlook. How can Foucault's concerns about the archive be read within the context of the early Cold War and the globalizing behavioral sciences?
Fernlesen mit Foucault? Überlegungen zur Praxis des distant reading und zur Operationalisierung von Foucaults Diskursanalyse
Authors: Trilcke Peer , Fischer Frank
Published: June 2017

Our paper offers a critical examination of the concept and practice of Distant Reading, as coined by Franco Moretti in 2000. We consider several definitions of the term and look for possible operationalizations. It becomes clear that Distant Reading has largely been a theoretical vehicle or mere buzzword in the past one and a half decades that adapts only slowly to the practices and technological standards of the Digital Humanities. In the light of these findings, we conclude with an examination of the operational potential of Foucauldian discourse analysis.
Eine andere Ordnung der Dinge? Foucault, Baudrillard und die Kybernetik
Authors: Feustel Robert
Published: June 2017

Michel Foucault's connection of power and subjectivity has been an influential tool for analyzing and criticizing modern societies. However, there is reasonable doubt concerning the question if knowledge and power are still linked the way Foucault described it. Hasn't there been a major epistemological shift resulting from discourses formed by cybernetics? Has already a new "order of things" been implemented? In order to discuss these questions, the paper focuses on Jean Baudrillard's polemic Oublier Foucault from 1977.
Retrospective study of tumor and tumor like conditions of ovary from a rural hospital in Kerala
Authors: Valson H. , Arakeri Satish , Maria Davis Dally , S. Divya
Published: June 2017

Background: Ovarian tumor and tumor like conditions are seen in women from early childhood to post-menopausal age. The ovaries are a pair of female sex glands responsible for the germ cell maturation, storage and release; cyclically. It also plays an important role in steroidogenesis. The ovaries are a totipotential structure and hence, neoplasms from all 3 germinal layers can be seen arising from it and manifesting clinically as ovarian tumors and tumor like conditions with its occurrence more during the late reproductive life. Ovarian tumors represent about 30% of all cancers of the female genital system. They manifesting in a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features.Methods: This is retrospective observational study where analysis of all cases which were encountered surgically during the period Mar 2012 to Mar 2017. The cases diagnosed as ovarian tumors were subjected to thorough investigation by CA125, ultrasound (USG) abdomen and pelvis and Computerised Tomography (CT) scan. Emergency presentations with twisted cysts were operated in emergency setting and histopathological examination (HPE) done to identify the nature of tumor. IHC was done wherever necessary to sub classify and confirm the histological diagnosis. Surgeries were done either by conventional laparotomy or by laparoscopy.Results: We have analyzed 175 cases retrospectively after histopathological diagnosis. The commonest lesions were ovarian cysts, out of which 63 cases (36%) were simple serous cyst adenomas followed by mucinous cyst adenomas 30 cases (17.14%). Germ cell tumors with struma ovarii were 34 cases (19.42%). The interesting part of the study was that we had a very high incidence of large endometriomas diagnosed as ovarian cysts before surgery 16 cases (9.4%). Two cases (1.14%) of ovarian malignancy were detected.Conclusions: The above study has revealed a spectrum of ovarian tumors over a wide age range from adolescent to late reproductive to menopausal and late menopausal age group. The incidence of malignancy was (1.14%).
Abdominal obesity in primary care
Authors: Shankar Sethu Prabhu , Kartikeya Golepu
Published: June 2017

Background: Obesity is one of the important challenge in primary care. Abdominal obesity is associated with future cardiovascular disease when compared to non-obese individuals. The objective was to study the prevalence of abdominal obesity in patients attending primary care physician and to analyse abdominal obesity across different age groups and gender.Methods: The study was done as cross-sectional study at primary care centres in and around Pondicherry. Patients visiting primary care physician were included in the study. All adult patients of age more than 18 years, of both sexes visiting the primary care physician were included in study. Pregnant women, patients with abdomen diseases and patients those who are not willing to give written consent for participation in the study were excluded from the study. Demographic profile, anthropometric measurements were recorded. Abdominal circumference of all patients were recorded using a standard measuring tape. Abdominal obesity was diagnosed when the abdominal circumference was more than 90 centimetres in male and more than 80 centimetres in female.Results: A total number of 1030 patients were included in the study. There were 189 patients in age group 60-69. Females 535 outnumbered males 484. In the age group 50-59, 33 (40%) of males and 45 (44%) of females had increased abdominal circumference more than 90 centimetres in males and 80 centimetres in females. Across all age groups 121 (24%) males had abdominal circumference more than 90 centimetres in the study and 147 (28%) females had abdominal circumference more than 80 centimetres.Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is common at primary care level. The prevalence of abdominal obesity is more in females when compared with males. Hence all primary care physicians have to be stressed about the importance of abdominal obesity.
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in patients of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Shivpuje Anjali V. , Page Shrikant
Published: June 2017

Background:2D Echo can evaluate LV anatomy, function and diagnose post AMI complications in early stages, thus help in management and determining the prognosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate LV function in patient following AMI and also to find out the incidence of various echocardiographically detectable complications of following AMI.Methods: The present study was conducted on patients visiting our tertiary health centre during study duration. 50 patients were included in the study. Patients with prior history of acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis and early repolarisation syndrome, and primary myocardial disease diagnosed by serum enzyme levels were not included in the study. Patients were classified as per Killip classification and 2D echo study was performed in all patients.Results: Maximum incidence of AMI was found in 51-60 years of age, with male predominance (64%). Anterior wall AMI (58%) was more common. 94% of patients had wall motion abnormalities. Incidence of LV thrombus was found to be 24%. In present study, as the extent and severity of wall motion abnormalities increased, the incidence of LV thrombus also increased. Thus, 2DE study of LV regional wall motion can predict the incidence of LV thrombus.Conclusions: The echocardiographic assessment of LV function in patients of AMI is important as, it detects the regional wall motion abnormality, LVEF and also the complications like LV thrombus, pericardial effusion and LV aneurysm. These observations are of great value in the management of AMI.
Impacto da degradação ambiental sobre a caracterização da ictiofauna do estuário do Rio Paraíba (Nordeste do Brasil)
Authors: Alves Ticiano Vanderlei de Siqueira
Published: June 2017

A industrialização é um agente indutor do crescimento urbano, que, realizado de forma desordenada, provoca a ocupação indevida do solo, trazendo consequências às áreas de preservação. As implicações produzidas pela ocupação indevida das margens dos cursos d’água produzem como resultados principais: a abreviação dos processos de erosão, o assoreamento dos rios, a deterioração da qualidade da água e a redução da biodiversidade aquática e terrestre local. O presente trabalho visou analisar, preliminarmente, no estuário do Rio Paraíba, o impacto da degradação das Áreas de Preservação Permanente na estruturação da ictiofauna, por intermédio do estudo comparativo entre duas margens equivalentes e em estados distintos de preservação. Utilizando-se de 320 metros de redes de emalhar em cada uma das margens, realizaram-se as coletas para a caracterização da composição íctica local. Por meio de índices ecológicos, como abundância, riqueza, similaridade, entre outros, foi possível distinguir a ictiofauna das duas margens. Supõe-se que o bom estado de conservação da vegetação de mangue da margem não degradada proporciona, às diversas espécies de peixes, um ambiente complexo, rico em alimentos e abrigos. Recomenda-se que este estudo seja realizado no período de um ano, levando em consideração as alterações sazonais dos parâmetros ambientais.
Um sistema de processamento escalável de consultas analíticas sobre data warehouses criptografados e armazenados na nuvem
Authors: Cruz Lopes Claudivan , Times Valéria Cesário
Published: June 2017

Sistemas de processamento de consultas para bancos de dados criptografados têm sido propostos como uma solução para proteger a confidencialidade de dados armazenados em servidores não confiáveis, tais como provedores de computação em nuvem, e para reduzir o impacto da criptografia no desempenho de consultas sobre dados criptografados. Pouca atenção, no entanto, tem sido dedicada em determinar como a escalabilidade provida pela computação em nuvem pode ser usada para melhorar o desempenho de consultas analíticas sobre Data Warehouses (DW) criptografados. Nesse sentido, este artigo descreve um sistema de processamento escalável de consultas analíticas sobre DW criptografados armazenados na nuvem, em que são especificados os componentes arquiteturais que dão suporte a esta escalabilidade.
Um estudo sobre a motivação em canais de distribuição
Authors: Oliveira Maria de Fátima Silva , Marques Isabelita De Caldas , Da Silva Genésio José , Ferreira Ricardo José
Published: June 2017

A escolha do canal de distribuição é uma das principais decisões inseridas na Administração de Marketing de uma empresa, já que isso interfere significativamente no seu sucesso. Por outro lado, o relacionamento entre a empresa e os seus distribuidores deve ser mediado por um sistema de incentivos que desperte o interesse dos distribuidores em vender a marca do fabricante. Este estudo, caracterizado como uma pesquisa aplicada, tem como objetivo analisar as variáveis que motivam os distribuidores a negociarem os produtos de uma indústria de sorvetes e gelados sediada em João Pessoa. Como método para levantamento de dados utilizou-se uma pesquisa de campo aplicada ao gestor da empresa e a uma amostra de 66 de seus participantes de canal. Os resultados indicaram que os principais critérios utilizados pelo gestor para selecionar os membros de canal foram: porte, localização, instalações físicas e abertura do participante ao fortalecimento da marca, sendo a maioria varejistas de pequeno porte. Quanto à motivação, junto ao poder legitimado, as recompensas do tipo entrega sem atrasos e imagem da marca são os critérios mais usados pelo fabricante para motivar seus distribuidores. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de ampliação de tipos de membros de canal comerciais entre fabricante e distribuidor.
The Dutch Empire in Intellectual History
Authors: Fitzmaurice Andrew
Published: June 2017

This article examines the ways in which ideas of greatness, reason of state, and state formation were employed in the creation of the Dutch empire. It focuses, in particular, on the role of corporations, including the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or Dutch East India Company, in providing a platform for the implementation of those ideas. It then shows how the state moved to appropriate the entire domain of political thought from such corporations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, while noting the revival of their political role in the twentieth century. The paper then turns to the question of the impact of this history on the present and therefore to a consideration of the methodological issues involved in that question. This article is part of the forum 'Visions of Dutch Empire'. Het Nederlandse 'empire' in de intellectuele geschiedenisDit artikel onderzoekt de manieren waarop ideeën over grootheid, raison d’État, en staatsvorming gebruikt werden in de vorming van een Nederlands ‘empire’. Het focust in het bijzonder op de rol van handelsondernemingen, inclusief de Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, in het bieden van een platform voor de implementatie van deze ideeën. Vervolgens laat het zien hoe de staat zich het politieke denken van dit soort ondernemingen toe-eigende in de achttiende en negentiende eeuw, terwijl de politieke rol van ondernemingen een revival kende in de twintigste eeuw. Tenslotte zal de vraag naar de invloed van deze geschiedenis op het heden, en de methodologische kwesties die daarmee gepaard gaan, aan bod komen. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het forum 'Visions of Dutch Empire'.
Age comparative study of chronic sub dural hematoma and its outcome :- A retrospective study
Authors: Kumar ,Dr. Bhavadasan K Dr. Nilesh Potdar ,Dr. S Suresh
Published: June 2017

Objective:-Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common disease among the elderly and with increasing incidence in the younger population, we have chosen to focus on CSDH in the different age groups so we can differentiate between presentation and radiological finding and etiological factor in each groups. Methods :-We conducted a retrospective review of 196 patients undergoing surgery for CSDH over a period of five years (2011–2016). Risk factors such as age, head trauma, anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agent therapy and co-morbidity were investigated along with gender, laterality, surgical method and recurrence. We divided our patient in four groups according to age. Results:-Seventy-two percent of the patients were male and the mean age was 70% years (range 2–92 years). Headache was the most common symptom of presentation (63%). Maximum numbers of patients were found in the age group 61-75 years 74(38%) . Association of head trauma in each group is the main etiological factor. CSDH is associated with brain atrophy in elderly and older age group. Conclusion :-Recurrence and bilateral disease are more common in old age group .Trauma to head is most common etiological factor in each age group .brain atrophy is etiological factor associated with old age group . Antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy is associated as risk factor for the CSDH in all age groups.The use of antiplatelet or anticoagulant should be restricted to truly indicated patients.
Environmental Friendly and Waste Management in Dental Clinic – A Review
Authors: Vivek Dr.Rajul
Published: June 2017

The environmental concern about mercury is that it does not degrade, but it can change from one form to another and will migrate through the environment. Under certain conditions in surface waters, microorganisms can convert some forms of mercury to methyl mercury, which is highly toxic. Fish and other aquatic organisms can absorb methyl mercury, and because fish cannot eliminate methyl mercury from their tissue, methyl mercury can bio accumulates up the food chain. Regular consumption of fish with methyl mercury in high enough concentrations can cause harm to both wildlife and humans. Dental amalgam has been the subject of attention by environmental regulators because it contains elemental mercury as a major component. Therefore, recommend that immediate steps must be taken to ensure appropriate preventive measures to avoid mercury vapours in order to prevent potential health hazards to dentistry personnel. Strong regulatory and administrative measures are needed to deal with mercury pollution on emergency basis. This paper discuss about the environmental health hazardous for dentist like mercury, lead, silver and other biomedical waste in dental clinic.
The impact of preanalytical variable like delay in sample transportation and post analytical variable like deep freezer temperature on combined Measurement Uncertainty.
Authors: Dr Suma HR Dr.Kavita Rasalkar ,
Published: June 2017

Measurement uncertainties in patient’s clinical chemistry parameters include variation in both preanalytical and analytical phases, as well as intra-individual biological variations are also observed. All laboratories have to develop tools to identify the sources of uncertainties in all phases in laboratory testing and thereby reduce uncertainty. Focusing on combined uncertainty and reducing them can improve quality of laboratory testing. In our laboratory we took one factor (i.e., Sample transportation time) in preanalytical phase & one factor (i.e., Retained sample storage temperature) in post analytical phase to begin with for measuring uncertainties in these phases. We also tried to study the impact of these uncertainties on few analytes measurements. Parameters like calcium and AST were found to be highly sensitive to the delays in sample transportation indication error in reporting of these parameters on transportation delay. Parameters like chloride and urea were found to be highly sensitive to the retesting indication no retesting or delayed testing of such parameters should not be entertained.
The Comparison of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy and Delayed Cholecystectomy in Management of Patients with Complicated Cholecystytis and High Asa Scores
Authors: Türkoglu , Taner Çiftçi , Edip Erdal Yılmaz , MD, Zübeyir Bozdağ , Murat Kapan , Ahmet , Metehan Gümüş Zülfü Arikanoglu ,
Published: June 2017

Background: The results of fifty-eight patients with complicated cholecystitis and high ASA scores treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy or delayed cholecystectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Material and Methods: The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical interventions as percutaneous cholecystostomy (n:28) and delayed cholecystectomy group (n:30). In group 1, percutaneous cholecystostomy was performed in a single session in 25 patients and repeated twice in 3 patients due to catheter dislocation. Fifteen and 13 patients had ASA III and ASA IV respectively in this group. Results: Laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy was performed in 18 and 8 patients respectively in the second group. The 4 of laparoscopic cholecystectomies were converted to open surgery. All patients had ASA III in this group. Conclusion: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is a safe practice in patients with high ASA scores, most notably in ASA 4 patients and in patients with complicated acute cholecystitis. Delayed cholecystectomy can be performed in ASA 3 patients.
Glucono-Delta-Lactone Inhibits E. Coli Induced-Upregulated Blood Coagulation
Authors: Charles R. Spillert, Ph.D* Michael Kaufer, MD and
Published: June 2017

Endotoxin, when added to human blood produces many deleterious agents which can upregulate the clotting system. In previous studies it has been shown that these hypercoagulable effects can, in part, be bioassayed by the reduction in this endotoxinassociated clotting time when compared to control (saline) values. The cellular generation of tissue factor, the initiator of the clotting cascade is more pronounced in diseases and conditions causing the greatest mortality and morbidity. Glucono-deltalactone, when added to the endotoxin treated aliquots mitigates this clotting state whether it is added to the blood samples before incubation or after incubation, just prior to the addition of calcium ions to initiate the clotting process. The reduction in clotting reveals anticoagulant properties which enhances the need to develop the biomedical applications of glucono-delta-lactone.
Statecraft and study abroad: Imagining, narrating and reproducing the state
Authors: Lansing Jade , Farnum Rebecca L.
Published: June 2017

Study abroad in higher education is on the rise, marketed as an effective way to produce global citizens and undermine international boundaries. In practice, however, programmes frequently reify rather than challenge states: participants 'study Morocco' rather than 'exploring Marrakech'.
This framing reproduces real and imagined realities of the nation-state, presented as externally distinct and internally homogeneous. This article considers how study abroad discourses and practices in North America and Europe 'sell' developing states as abstract 'goods' embodying an authentic
'other'. A case study from Dar Si Hmad's Ethnographic Field School in southwest Morocco considers how various stakeholders reinforce and challenge this approach. The paper concludes by calling for a more nuanced conversation about the utility and impact of states as the predominant lens of
overseas study.
EEFEITOS MÚLTIPLOS DA COBERTURA MORTA DO SOLO EM CULTIVO ORGÂNICO DE CENOURA
Authors: Favarato Luiz Fernando , Souza Jacimar Luis de , Guarçoni Rogério Carvalho
Published: June 2017

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos multifuncionais de cinco tipos de resíduos orgânicos, como cobertura morta de canteiros de cenoura, no sistema orgânico de produção. Os tratamentos foram: 1-Testemunha; 2-Pseudocaule de bananeira; 3-Palha de café; 4-Capim Cameron picado; 5-Casca de arroz e 6-Bagaço de cana triturado. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetiçõessendo avaliados o gasto com mão de obra, o número total de plantas e massa da matéria fresca de plantas daninhas, número total de raízes, produtividade, peso médio de raiz e percentual de raízes rachadas ebifurcadas. Não se observou aumento da matéria orgânica do solo com a utilização dos resíduos, devido ao curto ciclo cultural da cenoura. Resíduos ricos em potássio, como a palha de café e pseudocaule debananeira, confirmaram potencial de fornecimento do elemento ao solo, reduzindo perdas durante o ciclo cultural. As quantidades de plantas daninhas remanescentes foram reduzidas pelas coberturas, comconsequente redução significativa no gasto e no valor financeiro da mão de obra para as duas operações de capina manual dos canteiros.
Early‐season Stress Can Have Small Effect on Soybean Seed Protein and Oil Content
Authors: Orlowski John M. , Serson William R. , AL‐Amery Maythem , Gregg Gary L. , Lee Chad D.
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas

Early‐season stress can increase or decrease seed protein.

Early‐season stress can increase or decrease seed oil.

Changes in protein and oil were inconsistent across years and sites.
Application of Geographically Weighted Regression to Improve Grain Yield Prediction from Unmanned Aerial System Imagery
Authors: Haghighattalab Atena , Crain Jared , Mondal Suchismita , Rutkoski Jessica , Singh Ravi Prakash , Poland Jesse
Published: June 2017

Phenological data are important ratings of the in‐season growth of crops, though this assessment is generally limited at both spatial and temporal levels during the crop cycle for large breeding nurseries. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for phenotyping tens of thousands of small field plots without requiring substantial investments in time, cost, and labor. The objective of this research was to determine whether an accurate remote sensing‐based method could be developed to estimate grain yield using aerial imagery in small‐plot wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield evaluation trials. The UAS consisted of a modified consumer‐grade camera mounted on a low‐cost unmanned aerial vehicle and was deployed multiple times throughout the growing season in yield trials of advanced breeding lines with irrigated and drought‐stressed environments at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. We assessed data quality and evaluated the potential to predict grain yield on a plot level by examining the relationships between information derived from UAS imagery and the grain yield. Using geographically weighted (GW) models, we predicted grain yield for both environments. The relationship between measured phenotypic traits derived from imagery and grain yield was highly correlated (r = 0.74 and r = 0.46 [p < 0.001] for drought and irrigated environments, respectively). Residuals from GW models were lower and less spatially dependent than methods using principal component regression, suggesting the superiority of spatially corrected models. These results show that vegetation indices collected from high‐throughput UAS imagery can be used to predict grain and for selection decisions, as well as to enhance genomic selection models.
Photosynthetic Response of Maize to Nitrogen Fertilization in the Semiarid Western Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Lamptey Shirley , Li Lingling , Xie Junhong , Zhang Renzhi , Yeboah Stephen , Antille Diogenes L.
Published: June 2017

Agriculture in rainfed dry areas is often challenged by inadequate water and nutrient supplies. Responses to these challenges include adequate fertilization, but it is unknown whether different nitrogen (N) rates from that commonly used in the Loess Plateau can alleviate this issue. Field experiments were conducted over three cropping seasons to investigate the effect of different N fertilization levels on soil water dynamics, photosynthetic activity, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) grown in the Western Loess Plateau of China. Fertilizer was applied at planting at rates between 0 and 300 kg N ha−1 at regular increments of 100 kg N ha−1 (referred to as N0 and N300, respectively), and treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design. Results showed that water use efficiency in the N200 and N300 treatments was ∼60% higher than N0 and N100 (P < 0.05), which translated into increased crop biomass and therefore grain yield (≈70–80%). These observations were consistent with all measurements of photosynthetic traits and suggested that, under the conditions of this study, the ecophysiological response of the crop may be optimized at N application rates in the range of 200 to 300 kg ha−1, depending on soil water availability. Agronomic efficiency calculations at this level of N fertilization reported consistently higher values and consequently suggested that environmental losses of applied fertilizer N were small. The current experimental results for the N application rates in the range of 200 to 300 kg ha−1 could be useful for improving N fertilizer and soil water management practices of maize production while maintaining a relatively stable yield level in rainfed dry areas. Future work should focus on optimizing timing and improving the placement of fertilizer N applied to maize.
Stocker Beef Production on Low‐Water‐Input Systems in Response to Legume Inclusion: II. Water Footprint
Authors: Baxter Lisa L. , West Charles P. , Sarturi Jhones O. , Brown C. Philip , Green Paul E.
Published: June 2017

Information on the water footprint of pasture‐based beef production is useful for optimizing the allocation of groundwater to crop and livestock production. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of including legumes on three water footprints of grass‐based, beef stocker grazing systems with respect to observed and total (observed plus predicted from hay production) liveweight gain (LWG). Water inputs for the calculations included total or effective rainfall, total or corrected drip irrigation, and water directly consumed by the steers. When including rainfall in the calculation, water footprints were 16.2 to 40.5 vs. 1.7 to 8.6 m3 kg−1 LWG when including groundwater only. Inclusion of legumes into the system reduced each water footprint with respect to observed LWG in all years (P ≤ 0.01). When total LWG was considered, the water footprint was lower in the grass‐legume system if rainfall (total or effective) was included (P < 0.01) but greater if the evaluation was restricted to irrigation and drinking water as inputs (P < 0.01). Overall, including legumes reduced the water footprint of beef LWG, largely because of greater rates of gain from the greater quality forages. Quantifying water use in the stocker phase adds a missing component in evaluating limited resources in the beef production life cycle. Managing legumes in mixture with warm‐season grasses and as a protein bank can increase the efficiency of beef grazing systems, resulting in an overall lower water footprint for animal weight gain.
Influencia de los parámetros climáticos, soportado en tecnología de información y comunicación, determina un microclima apropiado del invernadero - Cerro de Pasco
Authors: Sosa José
Published: June 2017

Se analiza la influencia de los parámetros climáticos, como la temperatura y humedad relativa ambiental, soportado en las tecnología de información y comunicación (Tic’s), determina un microclima apropiado, templado seco, dentro del invernadero en la Comunidad Urbana de Champamarca - Cerro de Pasco, año 2012. La información procedió de los equipos tecnológicos instalados en los puntos de monitoreo tanto interno como externo del invernadero. Los resultados muestran la necesidad del empleo de las Tic’s para la formación adecuada del microclima templado seco, mediante el control de la temperatura atmosférica interna del invernadero por medio de la ventilación.El manejo inadecuado de los parámetros de temperatura y humedad relativa, contribuye a la formación de otras condiciones climáticas inadecuadas para la producción agrícola pertenecientes al clima templado seco. Asimismo aporta al deterioro de la estructura física del invernadero. Los análisis reflejan las condiciones necesarias para una producción agrícola perteneciente a un clima templado seco, llegando a concluir la validación de la hipótesis planteada en este trabajo de investigación.Palabras clave: Invernadero, microclima templado seco, parámetros climáticos ,Tic’sDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2016.v19i1.03
Factores condicionantes de la calidad en la Educación Universitaria Peruanc
Authors: Díaz Ricardo
Published: June 2017

El propósito de este estudio fue establecer cómo afectan a la calidad educativa en la universidad peruana, los factores condicionantes considerados en el modelo de calidad para las carreras profesionales. Por tanto el estudio es no experimental, tipificado como científico, factual, teórico, bivariado y ex post facto, atendiendo a lo propuesto por Elías (2005, p. 25). Para su desarrollo se tomó de la población 140 estudiantes, una muestra de 102 estudiantes de post grado de la Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle “La Cantuta” y de la Universidad Particular Alas Peruanas; a ellos se les aplicó dos cuestionarios, con los cuales se recogió la información necesaria. El análisis de los datos recogidos permitió identificar diversos factores que afectan la calidad de las universidades estudiadas; asimismo, se llegó a establecer que el nivel de calidad educativa se siente afectado por los factores condicionantes considerados en el modelo de calidad para las carreras profesionales en el ámbito universitario.Palabras claves: Factores condicionantes, Calidad educativa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2016.v19i1.04
Asociatividad para la exportación directa de tapices de la ciudad de Ayacucho-2014
Authors: Oré Eusterio
Published: June 2017

Problema: Uno de los problemas más significativos de productores de tapices de la ciudad de Ayacucho, no es su tamaño, sino su aislamiento que repercute en: a) altos costos operativos. b) no lograr economía de escala. c) no acceder a nuevos mercados, d) desconocer nuevas formas de hacer negocio, e) falta de modernización empresarial y reconversión industrial, baja productividad y competitividad, falta de investigación, desarrollo e innovación, f) mínima y deficiente oferta exportable. Objetivo: Fue determinar el modelo de asociatividad que impulse la exportación directa de los tapices de la ciudad de Ayacucho. Tipo de investigación: Aplicada. Metodología: Inductivo y deductivo. Diseño descriptivo-correlacional y no experimental. Población: 150 empresas formalmente constituidas en el año 2014; para recolectar datos utilizamos cuestionario auto administrado; en la tabulación utilizamos la estadística inferencial. Resultados. Como resultado de análisis de datos concluimos que la falta de asociatividad de los productores limita la exportación directa los tapices de la ciudad de Ayacucho.Palabras clave: Asociatividad para la exportaciónDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2016.v19i1.07
Indicadores de cambios climáticos en el desierto
Authors: Deza Jaime
Published: June 2017

Los trabajos de ubicación y estudio de sitios arqueológicos en las quebradas y orillas de ríos secos en la costa peruana, norte y centro en especial, que se viene realizando desde la década de los años setenta del siglo pasado, demuestran una asociación de tales sitios con la existencia de relictos de bosques desapare­cidos, que señalarían ambientes diferentes a los actuales, en los que el hombre ha desarrollado su cultura Los restos más antigüos se encuentran ubicados en las cuencas que se ubican a seis – diez kilómetros de distancia del litoral actual, ya en ríos de corto recorrido o afluentes de los ríos actuales, en cuyas márgenes se registran restos de cazadores con diez mil años de antigüedad; pero también en cuencas que se ubican a veinte kilómetros del litoral en las que se identifica, arquitectura planificada con antigüedad de cinco mil años antes del presente.Estos datos nos estarían indicando un avance de la línea de lluvias hacia las estribaciones andinas ac­tuales, y el nacimiento o expansión de las pampas desérticas costeñas con una posible cronología que nos permitiría conocer las características paleoclimáticas de la región, e inclusive establecer comparaciones o correlacionarlas con otras. El estudio tiene como objetivo general, identificar en el espacio y el tiempo la presencia humana y su relación de la orografía con esta hipótesis climática en el desierto de Guayaquil, margen izquierda del valle Zaña, como una contribución de indicadores para el estudio de los cambios climáticos en la costa norte peruana.Palabras clave: Paleoclima, paleolítico, talleres líticos, Andes Centrales, petroglifos, panandinos.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/CienciayDesarrollo.2016.v19i2.08
Adaptation of seasonal staff
Authors: Pascenko Artem Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2017

The researcher of the following article discusses the question of adaptation of seasonal staff in modern Russian conditions. The notion of a seasonal employee, the ways of his/her motivation to work have been provided
About a nature of aesthetic taste
Authors: Klimov Viktor Petrovich , Klimova Galina Pavlovna
Published: June 2017

The researchers of the article deal with traditional outlooks upon the origin of taste and its relationship with art and its current situation of taste functioning in terms of increasing globalization, virtualization and informational support rates in present society. The special concern contributes taste rebranding and semantic network modeling taste regard responds.
The role of student government in decision making by the administration of educational establishment
Authors: Mordvinov Aleksey Andreevich
Published: June 2017

The article considers the process of student's government participation at educational organizations of higher education and professional educational organizations in the activities of working groups to discuss some issues concerning students. Attention is paid to the legal component of the work of student's self-government. Analyzing the situation on this issue throughout the country, the author has noted the main directions of the development of student’s government as a civil institution of a democratic society.
The principles of foreign language learning as a leading factor of a learning process
Authors: Getmanskaya Maria Konstantinovna , Bagramova Nina Vitalyevna
Published: June 2017

The article is devoted to one of the most important components of learning process – learning principles. Learning principles is a set of rules that allows to make an educational process more efficient. The article covers some traditional and modern classifications of principles. The analysis of modern principles of teaching foreign languages has been done here. A number of social contradictions relevant to the modern educational process are mentioned (for example, the increasing amount of digestible information and a limited number of hours allocated for acquisition). The article is addressed to students of linguistic universities and faculties of foreign languages, graduate students, methodologists, teachers of foreign languages, specialists in the field of linguistics, and anyone interested in problems of teaching foreign languages.
The analysis of the impact of factors on the changing indicators of profits from sales
Authors: Pak Ekaterina Valeryevna
Published: June 2017

Increasing efficiency of activities is one of the most important tasks for trade organization. In this study, the author has analyzed the dynamics of the «Profit from sales» indicator, which is the financial result from the main type of activity, trade, and the “Vek-Vostok”, LLC company has been taken as an example. The work considers the order to form profits from sales. Based on the results of the study, the ways to increase profits of the organization have been revealed.
A Blueprint for the Construction of a Sino-Russian Free Trade Area in the Context of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Feng Anquan
Published: June 2017

According to the author, the geographically adjacent countries of China and Russia have strongly complementary economic structures and have seen rapid development of economic and trade cooperation in recent years, but overall trade between them is relatively low in volume and lacks variety in structure. The Belt and Road initiative has provided new opportunities to deepen Sino-Russian economic and trade cooperation. The two countries should take this opportunity to strengthen infrastructure interconnection, improve the existing economic cooperation mechanism and trade structure, and promote the construction of a Sino-Russian free trade area.
Electronic literature: language and digital culture education practice» e-learning course in the system of learning a foreign language
Authors: Shevnitsyna Darya Olegovna
Published: June 2017

Teaching foreign languages ​​is an actively developing field of e-learning. Creating an online course on teaching a foreign language is one of the possible options for the systematization and organization of all components of the learning process. The electronic training course is an educational electronic publication or resource for supporting the educational process in institutions of general, special, professional education. The article considers the main components of a specialized online course «Electronic Literature: language and digital culture education practice» and its introduction into the educational process within the framework of the educational program for undergraduates who major in Pedagogical Education at Novosibirsk State Technical University. This interdisciplinary resource is relevant for teaching foreign languages ​​and literature, it plays an important role in improving the level of linguistic and cultural competence.
Legal nature of real estate sale and purchase contract
Authors: Sebyakina Anastasia Alekseevna
Published: June 2017

In the article, based on the court practice and studies of practicing lawyers, the analysis of the legal nature and features of the sales contract about real estate, which will be built in the future, is carried out. The article concludes that the future real estate sales contract is a type of investment contracts, which is most frequently found in legal practice. The results of the analysis can be used when structuring investment relations in real estate construction.
Development of military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to increase its role within scientific and technological competition at the international level: scientific aspects
Authors: Yarullina Ilsiya Khatypovna
Published: June 2017

The article considers scientific direction of the development of military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to increase its role within scientific and technological competition at the international level, where measures are being taken. These measures relate to scientific interpretation of individual positions, patterns and their interrelations, concepts and models of scientific views on any questions relating to the development of Russian scientific and technological part in the field of military-industrial complex.