bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tracking the Message: Applying Single Molecule Localization Microscopy to Cellular RNA Imaging
Authors: Arnould Benoît , Quillin Alexandria L. , Heemstra Jennifer M.
Published: March 2023

RNA function is increasingly appreciated to be more complex than merely communicating between DNA sequence and protein structure. RNA localization has emerged as a key contributor to the intricate roles RNA plays in the cell, and the link between dysregulated spatiotemporal localization and disease warrants an exploration beyond sequence and structure. However, the tools needed to visualize RNA with precise resolution are lacking in comparison to methods available for studying proteins. In the past decade, many techniques have been developed for imaging RNA, and in parallel super resolution and single‐molecule techniques have enabled imaging of single molecules in cells. Of these methods, single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has shown significant promise for probing RNA localization. In this review, we highlight current approaches that allow super resolution imaging of specific RNA transcripts and summarize challenges and future opportunities for developing innovative RNA labeling methods that leverage the power of SMLM.
Oligonucleotides Containing C5‐Propynyl Modified Arabinonucleic Acids: Synthesis, Biophysical and Antisense Properties
Authors: Pontarelli Alexander , Wilds Christopher J.
Published: March 2023

The introduction of chemical modifications on the nucleic acid scaffold has allowed for the progress of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the clinic for the treatment of a variety of disorders. In contribution to the repertoire of gene‐silencing nucleic acid modifications, herein we report the synthesis and incorporation of C5‐propynyl arabinouridine (araUP) and arabinocytidine (araCP) into mixed‐base ASOs containing a pyrimidine core. Substitution of the core with araUP and araCP resulted in stabilization of the duplex formed with RNA but not with DNA. Similar results were obtained with ASOs bearing phosphorothioate linkages or methoxyethyl (MOE) wings in a gapmer design. All modified ASOs were compatible with E. coli RNase H mediated degradation of target RNA. Substitution of DNA for araUP and araCP in the central portion of a gapmer with MOE wings demonstrated improved nuclease resistance. These results suggest C5‐modified arabinonucleic acids may serve as a potential chemical modification for therapeutic ASOs.
Boosting Direct Oxidation of Methane with Molecular Oxygen at Low Temperature over Rh/ZSM‐5 Catalyst
Authors: Yu Xing , Mao Jianing , Wu Bo , Wei Yao , Sun Yuhan , Zhong Liangshu
Published: March 2023

As a clean fossil energy and chemical feedstock, development of breakthrough strategies for direct conversion of methane (CH4) into various chemicals under mild reaction conditions is highly desired. Herein, Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst was reported to convert CH4 to oxygenates with molecular oxygen (O2) in the presence of CO at low temperature with promising catalytic performance. The oxygenates productivity reached as high as 5638.0 μmol gcat.−1 h−1. Structure characterization confirmed the existence of highly dispersed Rh2O3 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.4 nm in the Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst. Based on control experiments and mechanism study, it was suggested that CO plays a pivotal role over the Rh/ZSM‐5 catalyst to boost direct oxidation of methane. CO participates in water‐gas‐shift reaction to produce in‐situ H species, which enables to form *OH, *OOH and H2O2 active species by reacting with O2. The as‐obtained *OH, *OOH and H2O2 species will thus render high activity for methane oxidation.
Highly Stereospecific On‐Surface Dimerization into Bishelicenes: Topochemical Ullmann Coupling of Bromohelicene on Au(111)
Authors: Voigt Jan , Martin Kévin , Neziri Egzona , Baljozović Miloš , Wäckerlin Christian , Avarvari Narcis , Ernst Karl‐Heinz
Published: March 2023

The on‐surface dimerization into bis(hexahelicene) on a gold(111) surface has been studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary mass spectrometry. C−C Ullmann coupling of (rac)‐2‐bromo‐hexahelicene leads to formation of the (M,M)‐ and (P,P)‐diastereomers of 2,2’‐bis(hexahelicene), whilst formation of the (M,P)‐diastereomer is not observed. Upon cooling, the bis(hexahelicene) aggregates into an ordered two‐dimensional lattice with partly randomly distributed enantiomers. The highly specific diastereomeric coupling is explained by the surface alignment of educt in combination with the strong steric overcrowding in a possible surface‐confined (M,P)‐product.
SSAE‐KPLS: A quality‐related process monitoring via integrating stacked sparse autoencoder with kernel partial least squares
Authors: Ye Zhenyu , Wu Ping , He Yuchen , Pan Haipeng
Published: March 2023

Kernel partial least squares (KPLS) is widely employed to address the issue of nonlinearity inherent in complex industrial processes. However, KPLS can only extract shallow features from process measurements. This paper proposes a new quality‐related process monitoring method via integrating stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE) with KPLS (SSAE‐KPLS). First, an SSAE model is employed to exploit the nonlinearity within process variables. Through SSAE, hierarchical features are learned to extract latent representations of process variables from multiple sparse autoencoder (SAE) layers. Second, the learned hierarchical features from SSAE are used as input, and the final quality variables are used as output. A KPLS model is then built to exploit the nonlinear relationship between the hierarchical features extracted from process variables and the final product quality for process monitoring. Third, Hotelling's and statistics are employed to detect the quality‐unrelated and quality‐related faults, respectively. Finally, experiments on a numerical example and the commonly used industrial benchmark of the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) are conducted to illustrate the efficacy and merits of the proposed SSAE‐KPLS based quality‐related process monitoring method by comparing it with other related methods.
Multilayer privacy‐preserving model for security and privacy access control in edge computing
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Madhavan P.
Published: March 2023

In a recent scenario of a computing environment, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a greater impact in several applications and services. For that Edge Computing techniques are effectively incorporated, in which the sensitive data are stored on servers. As a result, edge computing allows for data storage and operation at the network's edge to emerge as optimistic advancement. Regardless, the distinctive characteristics of edge computing including real‐time computing, content perception and parallel processing have introduced a number of innovative challenges in the domain of privacy preservation and data security. Edge computing provides an extension of the cloud for designing and deploying new security resolutions in the area of IoT. In this paper, a Trusted Platform Module with Ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption technique is introduced to provide a solution to a multilayer privacy‐preserving model for efficient data storage. The developed model is adaptable and has a reliable data access control mechanism. Further, the results of the experiments demonstrate that the suggested technique operates better and give 83% results in terms of storage cost, load testing, effective runtime execution, higher security, credibility, and efficiency.
Single‐cell transcriptomic analysis deciphers key transitional signatures associated with oncogenic evolution in human intramucosal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yang , Liu Yan‐Bo , Xu Jia‐Cheng , Zhang Yi‐Fei , Ruan Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Yi , Wu Lin‐Feng , Hu Jian‐Wei , Zhang Zhen , He Meng‐Jiang , Chen Tian‐Yin , Xu Xiao‐Yue , Zhang Jing‐Wei , Zhang Yi‐Qun , Zhou Ping‐Hong
Published: March 2023

Background and aims

The early diagnosis and intervention of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are particularly important because of the lack of effective therapies and poor prognosis. Comprehensive research on early ESCC at the single‐cell level is rare due to the need for fresh and high‐quality specimens obtained from ESD. This study aims to systematically describe the cellular atlas of human intramucosal ESCC.

Methods

Five paired samples of intramucosal ESCC, para‐ESCC oesophageal tissues from endoscopically resected specimens and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were adopted for scRNA‐seq analysis. Computational pipeline scMetabolism was applied to quantify the metabolic diversity of single cells.

Results

A total of 164 715 cells were profiled. Epithelial cells exhibited high intra‐tumoural heterogeneity and two evolutionary trajectories during ESCC tumorigenesis initiated from proliferative cells, and then through an intermediate state, to two different terminal states of normally differentiated epithelial cells or malignant cells, respectively. The abundance of CD8+ TEXs, Tregs and PD1+CD4+T cells suggested an exhausted and suppressive immune microenvironment. Several genes in immune cells, such as CXCL13, CXCR5 and PADI4, were identified as new biomarkers for poor prognosis. A new subcluster of malignant cells associated with metastasis and angiogenesis that appeared at an early stage compared with progressive ESCC was also identified in this study. Intercellular interaction analysis based on ligand–receptor pairs revealed the subcluster of malignant cells interacting with CAFs via the MDK–NCL pathway, which was verified by cell proliferation assay and IHC. This indicates that the interaction may be an important hallmark in the early change of tumour microenvironment and serves as a sign of CAF activation to stimulate downstream pathways for facilitating tumour invasion.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the changes of cell subsets and transcriptional levels in human intramucosal ESCC, which may provide unique insights into the development of novel biomarkers and potential intervention strategies.
Composition and Physical Stability of the Colloidal Dispersion in Veiled Virgin Olive Oil
Authors: Breschi Carlotta , Ferraro Giovanni , Guerrini Lorenzo , Fratini Emiliano , Calamai Luca , Parenti Alessandro , Lunetti Lorenzo , Zanoni Bruno
Published: March 2023

Veiled virgin olive oil (VOO) samples of nine different olive cultivars are chosen to have a wide range of physicochemical and biological properties of colloidal dispersions. The contents of proteins and phospholipids range from 40 to 190 mg kg−1 and from 70 to 200 mg kg−1, respectively. The effect of lab‐scale centrifugation on cloudy appearance is studied measuring the decrease of turbidity grade values. The time to obtain unveiled oils (20 NTU) is modeled by a logistic equation, and a clear relationship between the initial water content and the above time is observed with a different trend between two groups of the VOO samples. Four VOO samples are selected to study the aggregation phenomena of microdroplets of water, pulp particles, and olive stone fragments via optical microscopy and dynamic light scattering during lab‐scale gravity sedimentation. All VOOs are unstable with the cloudiness disappearing within the 230 days of investigation due to an overall diameter increase of cloudy components which is modeled by a power‐law equation. The VOO samples, characterized by both small diameter values of dispersed components (150–250 nm) and high values of water content, show the fastest aggregation kinetics, but they have the longest time of cloudiness stability.

Practical Applications: Water content and size distribution of VOO cloudy components can be key factors to control the colloidal stability. If removal of cloudy appearance is required, centrifugation can be applied to obtain a fast oil clarification which shows a power law relationship of water content with time. Instead, if physical stability of the colloidal dispersion is required, the aggregation phenomena should be slow down through VOO processing to obtain small diameters of the cloudy components. Tuning both the water content and dispersed phase diameter in the VOO can be the first step towards the control of phenomena related to the colloidal dispersion for every olive oil processing organization, above and beyond the simple removal of cloudy appearance by filtration.
Fluorine‐regulated carbon nanotubes decorated with Co single atoms for multi‐site electrocatalysis toward two‐electron oxygen reduction
Authors: Tian Yunrui , Chen Rui , Liu Xiaoqing , Yin Lichang , Yang De'an , Hou Feng , Liang Ji
Published: March 2023

Producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via a two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (2 e−‐ORR) is a promising alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process, because of its exceptional low‐risk and distributed features. The low yield of H2O2 on typical electrocatalysts, usually associated with limited and vulnerable catalytically active sites on their surface, has been the major restriction for improving the practical viability of this technology. Herein, we report an ultrafast microwave‐based strategy for constructing distant coordination of Co single‐atom sites with secondary fluorene heterodopants on carbon nanotubes, which successfully converts the 2 e−‐ORR active centers from a single Co atom to multiple surrounding carbon atoms, increasing both the quantity and durability of active sites for 2 e−‐ORR. Consequently, a high H2O2 yield of up to 18.6 mol g−1 L−1 has been achieved, accompanied by a Faraday efficiency of 90%. Besides, an accumulative H2O2 concentration of 5.2 g L−1 is obtained after 20 h electrocatalysis, showing the material's high stability and feasibility for practical applications. Density functional theory simulations confirm the optimal adsorption of *OOH on these carbon sites, providing very low kinetic barriers for 2 e−‐ORR. Thus, this work provides a high‐performance electrocatalyst for 2 e−‐ORR, and more importantly strategy for promoting the performance of single‐atom catalysts.

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CO₂‐shallow groundwater interaction and related hydrogeochemical mechanisms: A review on reduced‐scale CO2 release field experiments
Authors: Zielinski João Pedro T. , Melo Clarissa L. , Iglesias Rodrigo S. , Reginato Pedro R.
Published: March 2023

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been highlighted as a crucial technology for reducing carbon emissions, yet CO₂ leakage from the reservoir is still a matter of great public concern, especially because of water pollution reasons. Hence, reduced‐scale CO₂ release experiments have been conducted worldwide to study hydrogeochemical response in shallow groundwaters. Although other reviews have been previously published, this study reviews critical data to establish a geochemical process‐based framework of the scientific findings. Following this, four mechanisms were found to be responsible for hydrogeochemical behavior: (i) ion exchange is mainly responsible for short‐lived increase in Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr concentrations; (ii) sorption and desorption processes were related to heavy metal and trace element variations, seemingly due to the presence of oxyhydroxides and clay minerals; (iii) silicate and carbonate dissolution played different roles as a function of specific aquifer mineralogy, releasing metals or influencing divalent cations response; (iv) conservative, mixing and oxidation processes were pointed out as possible mechanisms regulating variations of Cl⁻, SO₄2⁻ and NO₃⁻. Although studies suggested no parameter exceeded potable limits, most experiments were short‐lived, possibly overlooking the CO₂ leakage response in a long‐term exposure. Hence, further work is still needed specially to support relevant environmental legislation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐institutional study of clinical outcomes of patients with head and neck cancer presenting with cN3 disease
Authors: Witek Matthew E. , Morris Christopher G. , Alexander Gregory S. , Dontu Pragnya , Koroulakis Antony I. , Regine William F. , Mendenhall William M.
Published: March 2023

Background

To evaluate disease control, toxicities, and variables associated with clinical outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and clinical N3 disease (HNSCC N3) treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy.

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients with HNSCC N3 treated at two high‐volume academic centers between 1996 and 2019.

Results

We identified 85 patients with a median follow‐up of 2.8 years. Five‐year overall survival, regional control, and freedom from distant metastases rates were 38%, 80%, and 80%, respectively. Severe complications were identified in 19% of patients.

Conclusions

Favorable regional control is achievable with definitive chemoradiation therapy for patients with HNSCC N3 disease. Distant metastases are a common pattern of failure and should be a focus of prospective study.
A multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in IMRT era from a nonendemic population: Turkish Society for Radiation Oncology Head and Neck Cancer Group Study (TROD 01‐001)
Authors: Yildirim Halil Cumhur , Kupik Gulnihan Eren , Mustafayev Teuta Zoto , Berber Tanju , Yavuz Berrin , Cetinayak Oguz , Akagunduz Ozlem , Bıcakcı Beyhan Ceylaner , Arslan Suheyla Aytac , Soykut Ela Delikgoz , Gundog Mete , Figen Metin , Teke Fatma , Canyilmaz Emine , Birgi Sumerya Duru , Duzova Mursel , İgdem Sefik , Abakay Candan Demiroz , Atasoy Beste , Kaydihan Nuri , Parvizi Murtaza , Uslu Gonca Hanedan , Saginc Halil , Akman Fadime , Ozyar Enis
Published: March 2023

Background

We aimed to evaluate patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a nonendemic population.

Methods

In a national, retrospective, multicenteric study, 563 patients treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy at 22 centers between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed.

Results

Median age was 48 (9–83), age distribution was bimodal, 74.1% were male, and 78.7% were stage III‐IVA. Keratinizing and undifferentiated carcinoma rates were 3.9% and 81.2%. Patients were treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy (48.9%), or radiotherapy combined with induction chemotherapy (25%) or adjuvant chemotherapy (19.5%). After 34 (6–78) months follow‐up, 8.2% locoregional and 8% distant relapse were observed. Three‐year overall survival was 89.5% and was lower in patients with age ≥50, male sex, keratinizing histology, T4, N3 and advanced stage (III‐IVA).

Conclusions

Patients with NPC in Turkey have mixed clinical features of both east and west. Survival outcomes are comparable to other reported series; however, the rate of distant metastases seems to be lower.
Why subclinical involvement is prescribed the same high dose as gross tumor volume: A study on high‐dose clinical target volume in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy plan of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Qiu Zichen , Lin Feifei , Wu Zheng , Wu Taihua , Wang Mingli , Hu Jiang , Xie Dehuan , Lyu Shaowen , Ma Jun , Tao Yalan , Su Yong
Published: March 2023

Background

Most nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) protocols define primary gross tumor volume (GTVnx) plus a range from 2 to 5 mm as the high‐dose clinical target volume (hd‐CTV). However, in China, hd‐CTV is defined as GTVnx plus 0 mm.

Methods

A total of 40 patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic NPC (T1–T4 ten cases each) treated with IMRT were consecutively enrolled. Real and virtual treatment plans were designed according to the definitions of hd‐CTV recommended by China and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG), respectively.

Results

The hd‐CTV in China was significantly smaller than that of RTOG. Exposure doses to 5 mm subclinical involvement and OARs as well as NTCP in the China treatment plan were significantly lower than those of RTOG.

Conclusion

It could be recommended to divide the hd‐CTV into GTV and subclinical target volume and to prescribe different doses for the GTV and subclinical involvement in the IMRT plan of NPC.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Fluorosulfate Containing Macrocycles for Chemoproteomic Workflows
Authors: Faucher Franco F. , Abegg Daniel , Ipock Phillip , Adibekian Alexander , Lovell Scott , Bogyo Matthew
Published: March 2023

Macrocyclic peptides are attractive for chemoproteomic applications due to their modular synthesis and potential for high target selectivity. We describe a solid phase synthesis method for the efficient generation of libraries of small macrocycles that contain an electrophile and alkyne handle. The modular synthesis produces libraries that can be directly screened using simple SDS‐PAGE readouts and then optimal lead molecules applied to proteomic analysis. We generated a library of 480 macrocyclic peptides containing the weakly reactive fluorosulfate (OSF) electrophile. Initial screening of a subset of the library containing each of the various diversity elements identified initial molecules of interest. The corresponding positional and confirmational isomers were then screened to select molecules that showed specific protein labeling patterns that were dependent on the probe structure. The most promising hits were applied to standard chemoproteomic workflows to identify protein targets. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid, on‐resin synthesis of diverse macrocyclic electrophiles to generate new classes of covalent ligands.
Efficacy and safety of low‐dose oral isotretinoin monotherapy versus combined therapy with picosecond laser for the treatment of acne scars in Asian population
Authors: Xue Huan , Ye Dan , Huang Shiliu , He Shujuan , Li Youbao , Liu Jing , Hu Die , Zhu Yu , Hu Guanglei , Dong Yan , Shen Hua , Zeng Wei‐Hui , Wang Zhao
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Acne scars are common in patients with moderate to severe acne. Isotretinoin is the first‐line treatment for those patients, but whether oral isotretinoin can improve acne scar is not clear. Picosecond lasers (FxPico) has been reported to improve acne scars. In the present study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of low‐dose isotretinoin with or without FxPico treatment for acne scars.

Materials and Methods

A total of 48 patients with acne scars were enrolled and were randomly assigned to receive low dose oral isotretinoin or not. For all the patients in both treatment groups, one side of face were randomly assigned to be treated with picosecond laser. Assessments, including photos, échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné (ECCA) and Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) score, the number of lesions, melanin and erythema indexes, transepidermal water loss were assessed at 0, 1, 2, and 3 month. Side effects, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and satisfaction were recorded before and after the study.

Results

A total of 44 patients completed the study (24 received oral low dose isotretinoin and 20 did not). Low dose oral isotretinoin treated group showed significant improvement on ECCA (from 112.5 [50–180] to 105 [50–160]), GAGS score (from 12.6 ± 3.3 to 10.1 ± 3.0), the count of papules (from 4.3 ± 3.7 to 1.0 ± 1.5) than the blank group, and higher improvement were noticed after isotretinoin combined with FxPico. All the side effects were temporary and tolerable, no adverse effects were observed. Higher DLQI and patients' satisfaction were achieved by oral isotretinoin alone and isotretinoin combined with FxPico.

Conclusions

This is the first paper showing the improvement of scars by early low dose‐isotretinoin intervention with or without the combination of picosecond laser. Early intervention with oral low‐dose isotretinoin is effective for the treatment and prevention of acne scars, the combined therapy with FxPico can achieve better outcome.
On the role of reduced habitat in the phase transition of a stochastic model for seed dispersal
Authors: Coletti Cristian F. , Marić Nevena , Rodriguez Pablo M.
Published: March 2023

Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats facing plant species nowadays. We formulate a simple mathematical model of seed dispersal on reduced habitats to discuss survival of the species in relation to the habitat size and seeds production rate. Seeds get dispersed around the mother plant via several agents in a random way. In our model, seeds landing sites are distributed according to a homogeneous Poisson point process with a constant rate on
. We will assume that each seed will successfully germinate and grow into a new plant with the same characteristics as the mother plant. The time is discrete, scaled according to generations of plants, or can represent years, since annual plants go through an entire growing cycle during 1 year. Then we will assume there are two symmetric barriers with respect to the origin and consider that the growth cannot evolve past the barriers. Imposing barriers correspond to the physical limitation of the habitat. We appeal to tools of probability theory to formalize and study such a model, which can be seen as a discrete‐time one‐dimensional branching random walk with barriers. By means of coupling techniques and the comparison with suitably constructed multitype branching processes, we localize the critical parameter of the process around which there is survival with positive probability or extinction almost surely. In addition, we consider a discrete‐space version of the model for which exact results are also obtained.
Protection of γ‐Amino Butyric Acid on Radiation Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice
Authors: Ji Chenxuan , Wu Ming , Zou Jiaqi , Fu Jiayi , Chen Hongzhang , Li Wenzhi , Wu Xiaoyong
Published: March 2023

Scope

Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) represents positive effects in stress model, but the exact antioxidant remains unclear. This study aims to determine what GABA do and how GABA interfere on oxidative stress in the small intestine of radiation‐induced intestinal injury (RIII) mice.

Methods and results

C57BL/6J mice are gavaged. (1) Investigating the effects of GABA (50 100 mg kg−1 BW d−1) on basic information of healthy mice, and the survival time of RIII mice. (2) Evaluating the effect between GABA and theanine (100 mg kg−1 BW d−1) to RIII mice on the small intestine, by observing jejunum pathology, oxidative stress in small intestine and its mitochondria, and apoptosis protein expression. GABA reduces the weight loss and prolongs the median survival time of RIII mice. GABA and theanine reduce liver hyperemia, protect the villus crypt of jejunum, increase the antioxidant of duodenum and its mitochondria, to maintain the normal function and morphology. Besides, GABA increases B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) expression and inhibits Caspase‐3 activation, thereby inhibiting mitochondria‐induced apoptosis.

Conclusion

GABA reduces the oxidative stress of small intestine in RIII mice, and maintains the normal morphology and function of mitochondria, which mechanism is that high Bcl‐2 expression inhibits the autophagy of mitochondrial pathway, thus reducing intestinal barrier damage.
Steerable composite right–left‐hand‐based printed antenna circuitry for 5G applications
Authors: Jwair Marwah Haleem , Elwi Taha A.
Published: March 2023

In this article, the proposed antenna structure is designed for modern wireless communication systems. The antenna structure is consistent with 11‐unit cells of composite right–left‐hand (CRLH) inclusions mounted on an FR4 substrate. Therefore, the antenna size is miniaturized effectively to 30 × 20 mm2 to cover the frequency bands around 2.45 GHz, for Wi‐Fi, and 4.2–6 GHz, for sub‐6 5G, networks. The design process is conducted on a circuit model and numerical simulations by evaluating the unit cell transmission phase spectra. For this, a comparison between the circuit model and the numerical simulations is invoked for validation. Such an antenna is found to provide a maximum gain of 6.2 dBi at 4.6 GHz. Next, 11 PIN diodes control the current motion between the antenna patch and the CRLH array. Therefore, PIN arrays are connected to the patch and the ground plane to maintain the surface current motion that realizes main lobe beam steering. The proposed antenna performance is simulated numerically using the CSTMWS software package. Then, it is fabricated and tested experimentally for validation. An excellent agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. Finally, it is found this antenna provides excellent beam steering −92° to 92° to suit many modern networks.
Joule‐Thomson Expansion and Optical Behaviour of Reissner‐Nordström‐Anti‐de Sitter Black Holes in Rastall Gravity Surrounded by a Quintessence Field
Authors: Gogoi Dhruba Jyoti , Sekhmani Yassine , Kalita Digbijay , Gogoi Naba Jyoti , Bora Jyatsnasree
Published: March 2023

This paper deals with the thermodynamics, Joule‐Thomson expansion and optical behaviour of a Reissner‐Nordström‐anti‐de Sitter black hole in Rastall gravity surrounded by a quintessence field. The black hole solution obtained in this framework is different from a corresponding black hole in General Relativity. The black hole metric function, as well as the Hawking temperature, is affected by the presence of energy‐momentum conservation violation. The presence of energy‐momentum conservation violation also affects the isenthalpic and inversion temperature curves, and with an increase in the Rastall parameter, the inversion temperature rises slowly. The impacts of other parameters, such as charge, structural constant etc., are investigated and compared. The black hole shadow, as well as the energy emission rate of the black hole, decreases with an increase in the Rastall parameter. Hence, the black holes evaporate slowly in presence of energy‐momentum conservation violation.
Influence of Nitrogen Substitution on the Electronic Structure of Ti2O3: Insights into the Doping‐Induced Insulator‐to‐Metal Transition
Authors: Xiao Ting , Liu Xinzhi , Wang Jiaou
Published: March 2023

Although changes in the electronic structure of Ti2O3 across the insulator‐to‐metal transition (IMT) by thermal excitation are generally investigated, the role of chemical doping in this context deserves attention. To gain insights into that, soft X‐ray photoelectron (XPS) and absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are adopted to investigate the electronic structure of Ti2O3 upon N doping. Core‐level and valence‐band spectra shift consistently to lower binding energies with N doping, indicating a downward movement of the Fermi level (EF) toward the surface. Meanwhile, valence‐band data reveals an increase in the electron population of the conduction band upon doping. The XAS results at the Ti L‐ and O K‐edge indicate that the a1g orbitals are partially occupied in the Ti3+ sites by N doping, with an enhanced Ti 3d–O 2p hybridization. Consistently, the density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrate the metallic behavior in an N‐substituted system. It is important that N substitution results in a mixing of the a1g and egπ states because of considerable broadening of a1g orbitals across EF. These observations demonstrate the importance of Ti 3d‐a1g occupation relevant for transportation. This may provide significant insights into the IMT behavior after N doping in Ti2O3.
Large Negative Magnetoresistance in All‐2D‐Materials‐Based Spin Valves
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zou Kaixin , Gao Zhansheng , Ma Yifei , Xu Lingyun , Lu Feng , Luo Zhaochu , Wang Wei-Hua , Ning Shuai , Luo Feng
Published: March 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic materials have attracted enormous interest and opened up a new direction to novel spintronic applications. Herein, a large negative magnetoresistance (MR) in all‐2D‐materials‐based vertical magnetic spin valves with nano/micro bubbles existing at the interface between the spacer layer (MoS2) and the top ferromagnetic electrode layer (Cr0.85Te or Fe3GeTe2) is demonstrated. The large negative MR, with a magnitude of ≈21.5% attained in Cr0.85Te/MoS2/Fe3GeTe2, could be fully suppressed by the elimination of the bubbles after a short argon‐protected annealing, indicating the determining role of the bubbles in modulating the spin‐related transport behavior. First‐principles calculations based on density function theory (DFT) illustrate that the compressive strain can significantly modify the spin‐resolved electronic band structures of the 2D ferromagnetic materials, and hence alter the spin polarization near the Fermi level, accounting for the negative MR phenomena with the conventional two‐current model. Herein, a new route to all‐2D‐materials‐based spintronic devices via strain engineering is provided, and also offers a new insight into the role of bubbles formed during fabricating 2D heterostructures in developing exotic properties and novel functionalities.
Hierarchically Porous and Magnetic MgFe2O4@MgAl‐LDHs Microspheres Synthesized by a Bio‐Templating Strategy for Efficient Removal of Congo Red from Water**
Authors: Hu Kaiyuan , Luo Hui , Han Yang , Zuo Min , Li Jia
Published: March 2023

LDHs (Layered double hydroxides) has broad application prospects as adsorbent. Herein, a facile bio‐template route was developed using pine pollens to fabricate a novel 3D hierarchical MgFe2O4@MgAl‐LDHs adsorbent for rapid removal of organic pollutant from water. The agglomeration of the LDH sheets was prevented and evenly distributed over the surface of MgFe2O4which resulting in large surface area (108.660 m2 g−1). The adsorption and regeneration of the adsorbent were examined. The as‐prepared MgFe2O4@MgAl‐LDHs exhibited excellent adsorption capacity (191.20 mg g−1) for Congo Red and still remained 81.61 % (156.03 mg g−1) of the first time after regenerated 3 times with methanol. Additionally, it could be conveniently recycled via an external magnetic field. The high adsorption capacity, easy recycling, and the low‐cost and readily available biomass made MgFe2O4@MgAl‐LDHs attractive for water remediation.
Effect of loading strain rate and short PVA fibers on the tensile mechanical performance of carbon TRM
Authors: Dong Zhifang , Dai Jie , Deng Mingke
Published: March 2023

Textile reinforced mortar (TRM) is an alternative reinforcement material in terms of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) intervention due to the excellent compatibility with the substrate. The coupling effect of the seismic strain rate (10−4−10−1 s−1) and short polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the mechanical properties of carbon TRM was studied under the uniaxial tensile load. Forty groups of tensile samples were designed to obtain the relationships between the strain rate and the volume content of PVA fibers, as well as the number of grids and types of matrices. The crack distribution, failure mode and stress–strain responses of the tensile samples were presented. The results showed that the crack and peak strength can be enhanced to 4.0–7.2 MPa and 10.1–17.3 MPa when the strain rates ranged from 10−5 to 10−1 s−1, respectively. The strain‐rate sensitivity in the crack and peak strength was confirmed. Short PVA fibers and reinforced textile grids can effectively enhance the crack and peak strength and improve the crack pattern under the static and seismic strain rates. Finally, based on the strain rate and short fibers index, a quantitative model was proposed to estimate the tensile strength of TRM under the static and dynamic strain rates.
A primer on stream temperature processes
Authors: Leach Jason A. , Kelleher Christa , Kurylyk Barret L. , Moore R. Dan , Neilson Bethany T.
Published: March 2023

Stream temperature is one of the most critical factors controlling aquatic ecosystem health. Practitioners and researchers from a range of fields, including biology, ecology, hydrology, engineering, and watershed management, are concerned with how climate and environmental changes are impacting stream thermal regimes. This primer provides an introduction to the various energy and water exchange processes that underpin stream temperature patterns from small headwater streams to large river systems. An overview of the various energy exchanges is provided, including (1) advection associated with hydrologic processes, and energy exchanges at (2) the stream–atmosphere interface and (3) stream–bed interface. The interaction and spatiotemporal variability of these energy exchange processes are discussed using a water and energy balance framework. A sound physical understanding and appreciation of the complex controls governing stream thermal regimes will help inform effective management strategies to sustain healthy aquatic ecosystems in a changing world.

This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Science of Water

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes

Science of Water > Water Quality

Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Celestial conformal colliders
Authors: Hu Yangrui , Pasterski Sabrina
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We start by observing that the light-ray operators featured in the conformal collider literature are celestial primaries. This allows us to rephrase the corresponding 4D CFT correlators as probing a conformally soft matter sector of the 2D celestial CFT (CCFT). To demonstrate the utility of this perspective we show how the recent w1+∞ symmetry observed in CCFT suggests a natural extension of the conformal collider operators.
Deciphering colour building blocks of massive multiparton amplitudes at 4-loops and beyond
Authors: Agarwal Neelima , Pal Sourav , Srivastav Aditya , Tripathi Anurag
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The soft function in non-abelian gauge theories exponentiate, and their logarithms can be organised in terms of the collections of Feynman diagrams called Cwebs. The colour factors that appear in the logarithm are controlled by the web mixing matrices. Direct construction of the diagonal blocks of Cwebs using the new concepts of Normal ordering, basis Cweb and Fused-Web was recently carried out in [1]. In this article we establish correspondence between the boomerang webs introduced in [2] and non-boomerang Cwebs. We use this correspondence together with Uniqueness theorem and Fused web formalism introduced in [1] to obtain the diagonal blocks of four general classes of Cwebs to all orders in perturbation theory which also cover all the four loop Boomerang Cwebs connecting four Wilson lines. We also fully construct the mixing matrix of a special Cweb to all orders in perturbation theory.
Whole body irradiation with intensity-modulated helical tomotherapy prior to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: analysis of organs at risk by dose and its effect on blood kinetics
Authors: Köksal Mümtaz , Baumert Jonathan , Jazmati Danny , Schoroth Felix , Garbe Stephan , Koch David , Scafa Davide , Sarria Gustavo R. , Leitzen Christina , Massoth Gregor , Delis Achilles , Heine Annkristin , Holderried Tobias , Brossart Peter , Müdder Thomas , Schmeel Leonard C.
Published: March 2023

Background

Intensity-modulated helical tomotherapy (HT) is a promising technique in preparation for bone marrow transplantation. Nevertheless, radiation-sensitive organs can be substantially compromised due to suboptimal delivery techniques of total body irradiation (TBI). To reduce the potential burden of radiation toxicity to organs at risk (OAR), high-quality coverage and homogeneity are essential. We investigated dosimetric data from kidney, lung and thorax, liver, and spleen in relation to peripheral blood kinetics. To further advance intensity-modulated total body irradiation (TBI), the potential for dose reduction to lung and kidney was considered in the analysis.

Patients and methods

46 patients undergoing TBI were included in this analysis, partially divided into dose groups (2, 4, 8, and 12 Gy). HT was performed using a rotating gantry to ensuring optimal reduction of radiation to the lungs and kidneys and to provide optimal coverage of other OAR. Common dosimetric parameters, such as D05, D95, and D50, were calculated and analysed. Leukocytes, neutrophils, platelets, creatinine, GFR, haemoglobin, overall survival, and graft-versus-host disease were related to the dosimetric evaluation using statistical tests.

Results

The mean D95 of the lung is 48.23%, less than half the prescribed and unreduced dose. The D95 of the chest is almost twice as high at 84.95%. Overall liver coverage values ranged from 96.79% for D95 to 107% for D05. The average dose sparing of all patients analysed resulted in an average D95 of 68.64% in the right kidney and 69.31% in the left kidney. Average D95 in the spleen was 94.28% and D05 was 107.05%. Homogeneity indexes ranged from 1.12 for liver to 2.28 for lung. The additional significance analyses conducted on these blood kinetics showed a significant difference between the 2 Gray group and the other three groups for leukocyte counts. Further statistical comparisons of the dose groups showed no significant differences. However, there were significant changes in the dose of OAR prescribed with dose sparing (e.g., lung vs. rib and kidney).

Conclusion

Using intensity-modulated helical tomotherapy to deliver TBI is a feasible method in preparation for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Significant dose sparing in radiosensitive organs such as the lungs and kidneys is achievable with good overall quality of coverage. Peripheral blood kinetics support the positive impact of HT and its advantages strongly encourage its implementation within clinical routine.
Differentiated goods in a dynamic Cournot duopoly with emission charges on output
Authors: Naimzada Ahmad , Pireddu Marina
Published: March 2023

We extend the dynamic Cournot duopoly framework with emission charges on output by Mamada and Perrings (Econ Anal Policy 66:370–380, 2020), which encompassed homogeneous products in its original formulation, to the more general case of differentiated goods, in order to highlight the richness in its static and dynamic outcomes. Each firm is taxed proportionally to its own emission only and charge functions are quadratic. Moreover, due to an adjustment capacity constraint, firms partially modify their output level toward the best response. Like in Mamada and Perrings (Econ Anal Policy 66:370–380, 2020), the only steady state coincides with the Nash equilibrium, and it will be considered admissible when it guarantees the positivity of the marginal emission charge. We find that the full efficacy of the environmental policy, which applies to an equilibrium that is globally asymptotically stable anytime it is admissible, is achieved in the case of independent goods, as well as with a low good interdependence degree in absolute value, independently of being substitutes or complements. When goods are substitutes and their interdependence degree is high, the considered environmental policy is still able to reduce pollution at the equilibrium, but the latter is stable just when the policy intensity degree is large enough. When instead goods are complements and their interdependence degree is high in absolute value, the considered environmental policy produces detrimental effects on the pollution level and the unique equilibrium is always unstable, when admissible. This highlights that, from the static viewpoint, even in the absence of free riding possibilities, the choice of the mechanism to implement has to be carefully pondered, according to the features of the considered economy.
Improving active participation during enterprise operations modeling with an extended story-card-method and participative modeling software
Authors: De Vries Marne , Opperman Petra
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the need for process automation, using agile software development practices. However, when agile methods are used in scaled contexts, many software development efforts fail, mainly due to lacking requirements engineering practices. When business-oriented software needs to be developed within a scaled context, the story-card method (SCM), developed as part of a previous study, assists in structuring emerging software requirements within a taxonomy that represents enterprise operation. The SCM helps agile team members to develop a common understanding about enterprise operation when they construct the enterprise operation taxonomy. Digital participatory enterprise modeling (PEM) may increase collaboration and understanding among team members, especially when team members are geographically dispersed, when they co-model their understanding of enterprise operations. Using design science research to further evolve the existing SCM, we identified two concerns regarding the existing SCM: (1) The modeling software did not encourage active participation during modeling, and (2) Low quality of the resulting cooperation structure diagram (CSD) that is used to derive an enterprise operation taxonomy, i.e., the need to further extend the existing SCM. As main contribution of this article, we addressed previous deficiencies of the SCM, developing an extended SCM (eSCM), based on principles and guidelines that would encourage online participation during PEM, also providing a comprehensive case to demonstrate the eSCM. As a second contribution, we used survey-feedback from research participants, as well as activity tracking to evaluate whether the modeling tool encouraged active PEM. Our third contribution is to evaluate the quality of the resulting CSDs with suggestions for future improvement.
Admitting privileges: A construction ecology perspective on the unintended consequences of medical school admissions
Authors: Taylor Janelle S. , Wendland Claire L. , Kulasegaram Kulamakan , Hafferty Frederic W.
Published: March 2023

Medical-school applicants learn from many sources that they must stand out to fit in. Many construct self-presentations intended to appeal to medical-school admissions committees from the raw materials of work and volunteer experiences, in order to demonstrate that they will succeed in a demanding profession to which access is tightly controlled. Borrowing from the field of architecture the lens of construction ecology, which considers buildings in relation to the global effects of the resources required for their construction, we reframe medical-school admissions as a social phenomenon that has far-reaching harmful unintended consequences, not just for medicine but for the broader world. Illustrating with discussion of three common pathways to experiences that applicants widely believe will help them gain admission, we describe how the construction ecology of medical school admissions can recast privilege as merit, reinforce colonizing narratives, and lead to exploitation of people who are already disadvantaged.
Intervention Programs Targeting the Mental Health, Professional Burnout, and/or Wellbeing of School Teachers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Beames Joanne R. , Spanos Samantha , Roberts Anna , McGillivray Lauren , Li Sophie , Newby Jill M. , O’Dea Bridianne , Werner-Seidler Aliza
Published: March 2023

This paper outlines a systematic review and meta-analyses to identify, describe, and evaluate randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of psychological programs targeting the mental health, professional burnout, and/or wellbeing of school classroom teachers. Eighty-eight unique studies were identified for inclusion in the review, and of those 46 were included in the meta-analyses (23 randomised controlled trials). In randomised controlled trials, the programs examined had large effects on stress (g=0.93), and moderate effects on anxiety (g=0.65), depression (g=0.51), professional burnout (g=0.57), and wellbeing (g=0.56) at post. In non-randomised controlled trials, programs had moderate effects on stress (g=0.50), and small effects on anxiety (g=0.38) and wellbeing (g=0.38) at post. Studies were heterogeneous in design and methodological quality was generally poor, particularly in non-randomised controlled trials. There was an inadequate number of comparisons to perform sub-group analyses, meta-regression, or publication bias analyses. Most of the programs examined required significant time, effort, and resources to deliver and complete. These programs may not translate well outside of research trials to real-world contexts due to teachers being time-poor. Priorities for research include using methodologically rigorous designs, developing programs for teachers with teachers (i.e. co-design), and considering implementation factors to ensure feasibility, acceptability, and uptake. Systematic Review Registration Number: PROPSERO - CRD42020159805.