bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using genomics to understand the origin and dispersion of multidrug and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Portugal
Authors: Perdigão João , Gomes Pedro , Miranda Anabela , Maltez Fernando , Machado Diana , Silva Carla , Phelan Jody E. , Brum Laura , Campino Susana , Couto Isabel , Viveiros Miguel , Clark Taane G. , Portugal Isabel
Published: February 2020

Portugal is a low incidence country for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Now figuring among TB low incidence countries, it has since the 1990s reported multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB cases, driven predominantly by two strain-types: Lisboa3 and Q1. This study describes the largest characterization of the evolutionary trajectory of M/XDR-TB strains in Portugal, spanning a time-period of two decades. By combining whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility data for 207 isolates, we report the geospatial patterns of drug resistant TB, particularly the dispersion of Lisboa3 and Q1 clades, which underly 64.2% and 94.0% of all MDR-TB and XDR-TB isolates, respectively. Genomic-based similarity and a phylogenetic analysis revealed multiple clusters (n = 16) reflecting ongoing and uncontrolled recent transmission of M/XDR-TB, predominantly associated with the Lisboa3 and Q1 clades. These clades are now thought to be evolving in a polycentric mode across multiple geographical districts. The inferred evolutionary history is compatible with MDR- and XDR-TB originating in Portugal in the 70’s and 80’s, respectively, but with subsequent multiple emergence events of MDR and XDR-TB particularly involving the Lisboa3 clade. A SNP barcode was defined for Lisboa3 and Q1 and comparison with a phylogeny of global strain-types (n = 28 385) revealed the presence of Lisboa3 and Q1 strains in Europe, South America and Africa. In summary, Portugal displays an unusual and unique epidemiological setting shaped by >40 years of uncontrolled circulation of two main phylogenetic clades, leading to a sympatric evolutionary trajectory towards XDR-TB with the potential for global reach.
Author Correction: B-cell translocation gene 2 enhances fibroblast growth factor 21 production by inducing Kruppel-like factor 15
Authors: Kim Yong Deuk , Hwang Seung-Lark , Jeon Hwang-Ju , Jeon Yong Hyun , Nedumaran Balachandar , Kim Kyeongsoon , Lee Sung-Eun
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: The Kunitz Domain I of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-2 Inhibits Matriptase Activity and Invasive Ability of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Wu Shang-Ru , Teng Chen-Hsin , Tu Ya-Ting , Ko Chun-Jung , Cheng Tai-Shan , Lan Shao-Wei , Lin Hsin-Ying , Lin Hsin-Hsien , Tu Hsin-Fang , Hsiao Pei-Wen , Huang Hsiang-Po , Chen Chung-Hsin , Lee Ming-Shyue
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Identification and characterization of a novel β-D-galactosidase that releases pyruvylated galactose
Authors: Higuchi Yujiro , Matsufuji Hitomi , Tanuma Masanari , Arakawa Takatoshi , Mori Kazuki , Yamada Chihaya , Shofia Risa , Matsunaga Emiko , Tashiro Kosuke , Fushinobu Shinya , Takegawa Kaoru
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Machine Learning Classifies Core and Outer Fucosylation of N-Glycoproteins Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hwang Heeyoun , Jeong Hoi Keun , Lee Hyun Kyoung , Park Gun Wook , Lee Ju Yeon , Lee Soo Youn , Kang Young-Mook , An Hyun Joo , Kang Jeong Gu , Ko Jeong-Heon , Kim Jin Young , Yoo Jong Shin
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
ACTsmart – development and feasibility of digital Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for adults with chronic pain
Authors: Gentili Charlotte , Zetterqvist Vendela , Rickardsson Jenny , Holmström Linda , Simons Laura E. , Wicksell Rikard K.
Published: February 2020

Accessibility of evidence-based behavioral health interventions is one of the main challenges in health care and effective treatment approaches are not always available for patients that would benefit from them. Digitization has dramatically changed the health care landscape. Although mHealth has shown promise in addressing issues of accessibility and reach, there is vast room for improvements. The integration of technical innovations and theory driven development is a key concern. Digital solutions developed by industry alone often lack a clear theoretical framework and the solutions are not properly evaluated to meet the standards of scientifically proven efficacy. On the other hand, mHealth interventions developed in academia may be theory driven but lack user friendliness and are commonly technically outdated by the time they are implemented in regular care, if they ever are. In an ongoing project aimed at scientific innovation, the mHealth Agile Development and Evaluation Lifecycle was used to combine strengths from both industry and academia in the development of ACTsmart – a smartphone-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy treatment for adult chronic pain patients. The present study describes the early development of ACTsmart, in the process of moving the product from alpha testing to a clinical trial ready solution.
Cassiosomes are stinging-cell structures in the mucus of the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana
Authors: Ames Cheryl L. , Klompen Anna M. L. , Badhiwala Krishna , Muffett Kade , Reft Abigail J. , Kumar Mehr , Janssen Jennie D. , Schultzhaus Janna N. , Field Lauren D. , Muroski Megan E. , Bezio Nick , Robinson Jacob T. , Leary Dagmar H. , Cartwright Paulyn , Collins Allen G. , Vora Gary J.
Published: February 2020

Snorkelers in mangrove forest waters inhabited by the upside-down jellyfish Cassiopea xamachana report discomfort due to a sensation known as stinging water, the cause of which is unknown. Using a combination of histology, microscopy, microfluidics, videography, molecular biology, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we describe C. xamachana stinging-cell structures that we term cassiosomes. These structures are released within C. xamachana mucus and are capable of killing prey. Cassiosomes consist of an outer epithelial layer mainly composed of nematocytes surrounding a core filled by endosymbiotic dinoflagellates hosted within amoebocytes and presumptive mesoglea. Furthermore, we report cassiosome structures in four additional jellyfish species in the same taxonomic group as C. xamachana (Class Scyphozoa; Order Rhizostomeae), categorized as either motile (ciliated) or nonmotile types. This inaugural study provides a qualitative assessment of the stinging contents of C. xamachana mucus and implicates mucus containing cassiosomes and free intact nematocytes as the cause of stinging water.
Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult Zebrafish haematopoiesis
Authors: Dobrzycki Tomasz , Mahony Christopher B. , Krecsmarik Monika , Koyunlar Cansu , Rispoli Rossella , Peulen-Zink Joke , Gussinklo Kirsten , Fedlaoui Bakhta , de Pater Emma , Patient Roger , Monteiro Rui
Published: February 2020

Gata2 is a key transcription factor required to generate Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from haemogenic endothelium (HE); misexpression of Gata2 leads to haematopoietic disorders. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of the zebrafish gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for correct HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants will be useful in exploring further the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
Ru(ii) water oxidation catalysts with 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine and tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands: assembly of photo-active and catalytically active subunits in a dinuclear structure
Authors: de Palo Alice , La Ganga Giuseppina , Nastasi Francesco , Guelfi Massimo , Bortoluzzi Marco , Pampaloni Guido , Puntoriero Fausto , Campagna Sebastiano , Marchetti Fabio
Published: February 2020

A combined DFT and experimental study indicates that one water molecule is allowed to enter the first coordination sphere of a one-site catalyst, thus activating water oxidation.
Optimisation of cancer classification by machine learning generates an enriched list of candidate drug targets and biomarkers
Authors: Ramroach Sterling , Joshi Ajay , John Melford
Published: February 2020

A novel list of potential biomarkers was generated from RNA-seq expression data and used to optimise cancer classification.
Impact of plasma concentration of transferrin on targeting capacity of nanoparticles
Authors: Sepand Mohammad Reza , Ghavami Mahdi , Zanganeh Steven , Stacks Sabrina , Ghasemi Forough , Montazeri Hamed , Corbo Claudia , Derakhshankhah Hossein , Ostad Seyed Nasser , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein , Mahmoudi Morteza
Published: February 2020

Disease type affects the natural targeting capacity of protein corona coated antiparticles.
Computational screening of MN4 (M = Ti–Cu) based metal organic frameworks for CO2 reduction using the d-band centre as a descriptor
Authors: Mao Xin , Tang Cheng , He Tianwei , Wijethunge Dimuthu , Yan Cheng , Zhu Zhonghua , Du Aijun
Published: February 2020

Designing a new synthesized MOF for CO2 reduction based on d band center.
Two-dimensional Ca4N2 as a one-dimensional electride [Ca4N2]2+·2e− with ultrahigh conductance
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Ding Zijing , Liu Jie , Hu Wei , Yang Jinlong
Published: February 2020

Two dimensional Ca4N2 can serve as a one-dimensional electride [Ca4N2]2+·2e− with anionic electrons confined in the surface channels and possess high electrical conductance.
Functional nanoarrays for investigating stem cell fate and function
Authors: Lee Jin-Ho , Luo Jeffrey , Choi Hye Kyu , Chueng Sy-Tsong Dean , Lee Ki-Bum , Choi Jeong-Woo
Published: February 2020

An overview of the recent progress of nanoarray synthesis and applications for controlling stem cell fate and monitoring live cell functions.
External oxidant-free alkylation of quinoline and pyridine derivatives
Authors: Shen Linhua , Gao Xianying , Luan Nannan , Liu Zhenwei , Li Jingya , Zou Dapeng , Wu Yangjie , Wu Yusheng
Published: February 2020

A novel and efficient method for the alkylation of quinoline and pyridine derivatives under mild conditions has been developed.
Comparison of the phenolic profiles and physicochemical properties of different varieties of thermally processed canned lychee pulp
Authors: Wang Zhineng , Wu Guangxu , Shu Bin , Huang Fei , Dong Lihong , Zhang Ruifen , Su Dongxiao
Published: February 2020

Lychee pulp is rich in phenolics and has a variety of biological activities.
The influence of hydrogen concentration in amorphous carbon films on mechanical properties and fluorine penetration: a density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Park Hwanyeol , Woo Daekwang , Lee Jong Myeong , Park Se Jun , Lee Sungwoo , Kim Ho Jun , Yoon Euijoon , Lee Gun-Do
Published: February 2020

Amorphous carbon films have attracted significant attention due to their superior mechanical and electronic properties, making them a strong candidate as an etch hard mask material for the fabrication of future integrated semiconductor devices.
A geopolymer route to micro- and meso-porous carbon
Authors: Pei Yi-Rong , Yang Jae-Hun , Choi Goeun , Choy Jin-Ho
Published: February 2020

We report the synthesis of microporous carbon through a geopolymer route starting from natural clay kaolinite.
Self-assembly of pyrene-appended glucono gelators: spacer regulated morphological change and inversion of circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Liu Zongwen , Jiang Yuqian , Jiang Jian , Yuan Chenhuan , Wang Decai , Liu Minghua
Published: February 2020

Pyrene-appended glucono gelators with different spacer lengths (two and four methylene units) were designed and found to form supramolecular gels in organic aqueous solvents.
Nanofibrous TiO2produced using alternating field electrospinning of titanium alkoxide precursors: crystallization and phase development
Authors: Nealy Sarah L. , Severino Courtney , Brayer W. Anthony , Stanishevsky Andrei
Published: February 2020

An uncommon alternating field electrospinning of titanium alkoxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxypropyl cellulose precursors leads to high-yield synthesis of TiO2nanofibers with controllable microstructure and phase composition.
Phosphorus-containing amino acids with a P–C bond in the side chain or a P–O, P–S or P–N bond: from synthesis to applications
Authors: Arribat Mathieu , Cavelier Florine , Rémond Emmanuelle
Published: February 2020

Strategies for the preparation of phosphorus-containing amino acids and their utility in the organic chemistry, physico-chemistry, agrochemistry, and pharmacology fields are reported.
Chromosome compaction and chromatin stiffness enhance diffusive loop extrusion by slip-link proteins
Authors: Bonato A. , Brackley C. A. , Johnson J. , Michieletto D. , Marenduzzo D.
Published: February 2020

We find that diffusive loop extrusion is more efficient on striffer and confined chromatin.
Anisotropic behaviours of droplets impacting on dielectrowetting substrates
Authors: Vo Quoc , Fujita Yuta , Tagawa Yoshiyuki , Tran Tuan
Published: February 2020

Non-uniform electric field generated by interdigitated electrodes on a substrate enhances directional spreading of an impacting droplet on the substrate.
Correlation of droplet elasticity and volume fraction effects on emulsion dynamics
Authors: Poling-Skutvik Ryan , Di Xiaojun , Osuji Chinedum O.
Published: February 2020

In suspensions of incompressible droplets with thermally tunable softness, droplet dynamics are independently controlled by both volume fraction and temperature.
Flexibility modulates the catalytic activity of a thermostable enzyme: key information from optical spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Biswas Pritam , Adhikari Aniruddha , Pal Uttam , Singh Priya , Das Monojit , Saha-Dasgupta Tanusri , Choudhury Sudeshna Shyam , Das Ranjan , Pal Samir Kumar
Published: February 2020

The temperature dependent catalytic activity of almond beta-glucosidase controlled by concerted motions of loop regions (LRs).
Circularly polarized luminescence from AIEgens
Authors: Song Fengyan , Zhao Zheng , Liu Zhiyang , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2020

This work systematically summarizes recent advances in circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) based on aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens).
Simple and efficient synthesis of bicyclic enol-carbamates: access to brabantamides and their analogues
Authors: Záborský Ondrej , Petrovičová Ľudmila , Doháňošová Jana , Moncol Ján , Fischer Róbert
Published: February 2020

A simple and short synthesis of bicyclic enol-carbamates with high E/Z selectivity and the synthesis of brabantamide A analogue are presented.
Magnetic-field-induced energy bandgap reduction of perovskite KMnF3
Authors: Wang Ryan Taoran , Xu Alex Fan , Yang Lory Wenjuan , Chen Jason Yuanzhe , Kitai Adrian , Xu Gu
Published: February 2020

Broad impact may be anticipated when an energy bandgap is varied substantially by a small change in the physical environment.
Amyloid β chaperone — lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase acts as a peroxidase in the presence of heme
Authors: Phillips Margaret , Kannaian Bhuvaneswari , Yang Justin Ng Tze , Kather Ralf , Yuguang Mu , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Pervushin Konstantin
Published: February 2020

The extracellular transporter, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) binds to heme and heme metabolites with high affinity. It has been reported that L-PGDS protects neuronal cells against apoptosis induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Our study demonstrates that when human WT L-PGDS is in complex with heme, it exhibits a strong peroxidase activity thus behaving as a pseudo-peroxidase. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies confirm that heme in the L-PGDS–heme complex is hexacoordinated with high-spin Fe(III). NMR titration of heme in L-PGDS points to hydrophobic interaction between heme and several residues within the β-barrel cavity of L-PGDS. In addition to the transporter function, L-PGDS is a key amyloid β chaperone in human cerebrospinal fluid. The presence of high levels of bilirubin and its derivatives, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, by binding to L-PGDS may reduce its chaperone activity. Nevertheless, our ThT binding assay establishes that heme and heme metabolites do not significantly alter the neuroprotective chaperone function of L-PGDS. Guided by NMR data we reconstructed the heme L-PGDS complex using extensive molecular dynamics simulations providing a platform for mechanistic interpretation of the catalytic and transporting functions and their modulation by secondary ligands like Aβ peptides and heme metabolites.
Carbohydrate antigen-125, calcium, and hemoglobin as predictive clinical indicator for ocular metastasis in male liver cancer patients
Authors: Xu Qian-Hui , Zhu Pei-Wen , Li Biao , Shi Wen-Qing , Lin Qi , Min You-Lan , Ge Qian-Min , Yuan Qing , Shao Yi
Published: February 2020

Background Primary liver cancer (PLC) is a common type of cancer among men worldwide. Little is known regarding the relationship of liver cancer with ocular metastasis (OM). Drinking has been also reported to be related not only to the occurrence of liver cancer but also to the causes of some ocular lesions.

Purpose A diagnostic standard for the levels of serum biomarkers associated with OM derived from liver cancer in men is urgently needed.

Material and methods We examined the association between OM in liver cancer and its serum biomarkers. A total of 1254 male patients with liver cancer were recruited in this retrospective study between July 2002 and December 2012. We assessed the relationship between drinking preference and OM in male patients with liver cancer, and aimed to identify an independent prognostic factor or establish a quantitative indicator for OM.

Results By assessing the potential indicators, carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA-125), calcium, and hemoglobin (Hb) were found to be most valuable in the diagnosis of OM in male patients with liver cancer.

Conclusion CA-125, calcium, and Hb are independent risk factors of OM in patients with liver cancer who consume alcohol.
Discriminative adversarial networks for specific emitter identification
Authors: Chen Peibo , Guo Yulan , Li Gang , Wang Ling , Wan Jianwei
Published: February 2020

The crucial issue in specific emitter identification (SEI) is the extraction of fingerprint features which can represent the differences among individual emitters of the same type. Considering that these emitters have the same intentional modulation on pulse, the fingerprint features originated from the unintentional modulation on pulse are extremely imperceptible and less detectable. However, existing feature extractions, either traditional handcrafted ones or deep learning based ones, have failed to ensure that their extracted features are rich in the unintentional modulation information (UMI) and not interfered by the intentional modulation information (IMI). To adequately take advantage of deep learning to address SEI, this Letter proposes a novel neural networks, named discriminative adversarial networks (DAN). By demarcating a clear boundary between IMI and UMI, DAN isolates IMI and thus reduces the burden of UMI mining during its feature extraction process. Experimental results demonstrate that DAN outperforms most methods in the literature.
Modelling Pedestrian Crossing Behaviour based on Human Factor
Authors: Nasrudin Naasah , Marzukhi Marlyana Azyyati , Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Yusoff Zaharah Mohd , Khalid Nurul Shakila
Published: February 2020

Research on pedestrian crossing behaviour in urban areas is extensive and has contributed to very useful insights into the role of road, traffic and pedestrian characteristics on the crossing decisions of pedestrians, their compliance with traffic rules and the related safety. However, human factors are rarely incorporated in pedestrian crossing behaviour research. The objective of this research is to analyse the development of pedestrian crossing choice models on the basis of road traffic and human factors. For that purpose, a questionnaire was distributed to 663 respondents among pedestrians in the Shah Alam district. The respondents were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their travel motivations, ability characteristics, risk perceptions and preferences with respect to walking and road crossing, as well as their opinion on drivers, etc. From the modelling analysis, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between Human Factor and Crossing Behaviour; there were two components of Human Factor that influenced pedestrian crossing behaviour to emerge, namely a “risk-taker” and a “rule-follower”. Based on ‘path coefficient’ of Human Factor analysis, this study concludes that a ‘risk-taker’ component contributed more to Crossing Behaviour. The findings of this research can be used to evaluate the implementation of new pedestrian crossings and a redesign of existing pedestrian crossing environments.
Minimum Required Distance of Strain Gauge from Specimen for Measuring Transmitted Signal in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test
Authors: Kim Daesung , Shin Hyunho
Published: February 2020

The minimum required distance of the strain gauge on the transmitted bar of the split Hopkinson bar has been determined from the position of a metallic specimen via an explicit finite element analysis. The minimum required distance was determined when the strain-time profiles at r = 0, 0.5Ro and 1.0Ro, were coincident (r is the radial position and Ro is the radius of the bar.). The determined minimum required distance, f(x), is presented as a function of the relative specimen diameter to that of the bar (x = D/D0): j(x) = - 0.9385.x3 + 0.6624.x2 - 0.7459.x + 1.4478 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.9). This result demonstrates the Saint-Venant's principle of rapid dissipation of localized stress in transient loading. The result will be useful for the design/modification of the pseudo-one-dimensional impact instruments that utilise a stress pulse transmitted through the specimen. The result will also allow one to avoid unnecessarily remote strain gage position from the specimen.
HOUSTON WE HAVE A PROBLEM – Fehlermanagement in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Grossenbacher-Eggmann Sabrina
Published: February 2020

Im Krankenhaus kann ein Fehler die Patienten schwer schädigen. Physiotherapeutische Behandlungen sind davon nicht ausgenommen. Eine offene Fehlerkultur identifiziert Fehlerquellen und verbessert die Behandlungsqualität. Entsprechend sollten auch Therapeuten für die Patientensicherheit aktiv werden.
Einfluss der Imitation von Bewegungen im Vergleich zur verbalen oder autodidaktischen Übungsanleitung
Authors: Keller Aileen
Published: February 2020

Für genaue Bewegungsausführungen und bessere Behandlungsergebnisse ist bei der Kommunikation mit Patienten eine präzise Übungsanleitung nötig. Bisher existieren
die imitative, verbale und autodidaktische Übungsanleitung.

Die vorliegende empirische Studie untersuchte diese drei Formen der Übungsanleitung am Beispiel des Deep Squat aus dem „Functional Movement Screen“, um die
Anleitung mit dem höchsten Nutzen für Patienten herauszufinden und Empfehlungen für die physiotherapeutische Behandlung zu geben.

Die in die Studie eingeschlossenen 51 gesunden Probanden wurden gleichermaßen auf eine Interventionsgruppe (imitative Übungsanleitung in Form eines Videos) und
zwei Vergleichsgruppen (verbale bzw. autodidaktische Anleitung) aufgeteilt.

Die Übungsanleitung via Imitation erzielte die höchste Präzision der Bewegungsausführung.
Testsequenzen für den Praktiker
Authors: Kubat Heike , Schulze Elke
Published: February 2020

Was macht eine „gute Sensomotorik“ in der kraniozervikalen Region aus? Bei Patienten mit kraniozervikalen Symptomen (Nacken-, Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerzen,
Schwindel, Gleichgewichtsstörungen oder Ohrsensationen) ist häufig die sensomotorische Leistungsfähigkeit gestört.

Dieser 3. Teil der Artikelreihe beschreibt spezifische sensomotorische Tests zur Überprüfung der notwendigen HWS-Funktionen wie den Joint-Position-Error- und
modifizierten Fly-Test sowie sequenzielle Kopf- und Augenbewegungen.
Diagnostik der pAVK – arterielle Verschlussdruckmessung
Authors: Mühlberger Dominic , Ahrendt Johann W. , Mumme Achim , Hummel Thomas
Published: February 2020

Die periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (pAVK) ist ein häufiges Krankheitsbild mit einer zunehmenden Prävalenz im Alter. Ursache dafür ist in über 90 % der Fälle eine Arteriosklerose. Patienten mit einem erniedrigten Knöchel-Arm-Index (ankle-brachial-index, ABI) weisen, sowohl asymptomatisch als auch symptomatisch, eine erhöhte kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität auf. Daher ist die Dopplerverschlussdruckmessung mit Erhebung des ABI von zentraler Bedeutung. Ein ABI von unter 0,9 gilt als Grenzwert für eine pAVK. Aber auch ein erhöhter ABI von über 1,3 ist, als Zeichen einer Mediasklerose, häufig bei Patienten mit einem Diabetes mellitus oder chronischen Nierenerkrankungen vorzufinden und ebenfalls als pathologisch zu werten.
New Technology of Thermoplastic Coating for Osmotic Pump Tablets: Study on in vivo Drug Release
Authors: Yuan Chun Ping , Hou Hui Min , Cheng Zhi Hong , Ge Qing Hua , Song Ding Zhong , Xi Jian Qiang
Published: February 2020

Aim The in vivo pharmacokinetics of thermoplastic-coated tablets prepared by a new technology of thermoplastic coating in Beagle dogs were studied, and the correlation between in vitro release and in vivo absorption was analyzed.

Methods The in vitro release profiles of metformin hydrochloride thermoplastic-coated tablets and nifedipine thermoplastic-coated tablets were investigated. The single-dose pharmacokinetic study of these tablets in Beagle dogs was performed, and the obtained results were separately compared with the data of conventional osmotic pump tablets reported in the literature.

Results Metformin hydrochloride thermoplastic-coated tablets and nifedipine thermoplastic-coated tablets displayed controlled drug-release characteristics and had a good in vivo–in vitro correlation in Beagle dogs, respectively. The literature-compared results further demonstrated that both thermoplastic-coated tablets had release characteristics of osmotic pump tablets in vivo.

Conclusion The thermoplastic-coated tablets could control drug release in vivo and it was further confirmed that the new thermoplastic coating technology could replace the spray coating of osmotic pump controlled-release tablets. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical support for the industrialization and clinical application of the new thermoplastic coating technology.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Ectopic Calcification and 22q11 Deletion Syndrome: A Rare Case
Authors: Diniz Bruna Lixinski , Glaeser Andressa Barreto , Deconte Desirée , Guaraná Bruna Baierle , Rosa Rafael Fabiano Machado , Zen Paulo Ricardo Gazzola
Published: February 2020

Ectopic calcification in soft tissue is associated with several disorders including pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP), which is characterized by resistance or nonresponse to parathyroid hormone (PTH) function. Association between PHP and 22q11DS, also known as DiGeorge syndrome, is rare, especially in children. We describe a newborn girl diagnosed with 22q11DS, presenting ectopic calcifications in soft tissue and suspicion of PHP. PTH function showed values close to the upper limit of the reference value. Radiology showed bone callus in the right wrist. PHP can be a new clinical finding associated with 22q11DS. Parathyroid function investigation in individuals with 22q11DS, presenting bone dysmorphisms and/or calcium metabolism alterations, should be considered.
MicroED methodology and development
Authors: Nannenga Brent L.
Published: February 2020

Microcrystal electron diffraction, or MicroED, is a method that is capable of determining structure from very small and thin 3D crystals using a transmission electron microscope. MicroED has been successfully used on microcrystalline samples, including proteins, peptides, and small organic molecules, in many cases to very high resolutions. In this work, the MicroED workflow will be briefly described and areas of future method development will be highlighted. These areas include improvements in sample preparation, data collection, and structure determination.
Into the carbon: A matter of core and shell in advanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio
Published: February 2020

Electrocatalysis, particularly related to fuel cell applications or other processes related to sustainability, has been steadily advanced by the design of new hierarchical materials involving two or more phases. One particularly appealing type of structure features metal species confined within carbon layers. These materials combine the benefits of the two components, which often work in synergy. However, given the intrinsic catalytic activity of carbon and the fact that the metal may be chemically inaccessible, in many cases, which of the two phases is the truly active site is not fully clear. Particularly for pure core–shell systems, where the metal is completely covered by carbon, the identification of the specific task of each component is not trivial. Many reported works on this type of bi-component catalyst are speculative in this regard. It is important for catalyst development that future studies on these systems will include a thorough cross-check of the reactivity aspects by means of combination of suitable techniques or experiments to unravel probable mechanisms and that assumptions are avoided.
Full bandgap defect state characterization of β-Ga2O3 grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ghadi Hemant , McGlone Joe F. , Jackson Christine M. , Farzana Esmat , Feng Zixuan , Bhuiyan A. F. M. Anhar Uddin , Zhao Hongping , Arehart Aaron R. , Ringel Steven A.
Published: February 2020

The results of a detailed investigation of electrically active defects in metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown β-Ga2O3 (010) epitaxial layers are described. A combination of deep level optical spectroscopy (DLOS), deep level transient (thermal) spectroscopy (DLTS), and admittance spectroscopy (AS) is used to quantitatively map the energy levels, cross sections, and concentrations of traps across the entire ∼4.8 eV bandgap. States are observed at EC-0.12 eV by AS; at EC-0.4 eV by DLTS; and at EC-1.2 eV, EC-2.0 eV, and EC-4.4 eV by DLOS. While each of these states have been reported for β-Ga2O3 grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) and edge-defined film fed grown (EFG), with the exception of the EC-0.4 eV trap, there is both a significantly different distribution in the concentration of these states and an overall ∼10× reduction in the total trap concentration. This reduction is consistent with the high mobility and low background compensating acceptor concentrations that have been reported for MOCVD-grown (010) β-Ga2O3. Here, it is observed that the EC-0.12 eV state dominates the overall trap concentration, in marked contrast with prior studies of EFG and MBE material where the state at EC-4.4 eV has dominated the trap spectrum. This sheds light on possible physical sources for this ubiquitous DLOS feature in β-Ga2O3. The substantial reduction in trap concentration for MOCVD material implies great promise for future high performance MOCVD-grown β-Ga2O3 devices.
Effects of dietary shifts on the stable isotope signature of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and implications for traceability
Authors: Li Li , Kokkuar Natalee , Han Cui , Ren Wenjing , Dong Shuanglin
Published: February 2020

Because the number of mislabelled seafood products in the globalised market is increasing, there is a need for additional effective technologies to trace the origin of these products. Several issues need to be clarified regarding the δ13C and δ15N analyses used to trace seafood products in order to increase their reliability. Herein, a laboratory experiment involving dietary shifts was conducted with shrimp culture to demonstrate that dietary changes elicit isotope changes. Feeding shrimp four different food sources with different isotope values revealed a significant relationship for δ13C and δ15N values between shrimp and food sources (P<0.05). The shrimp fed different brands of commercial feed had significantly different δ15N values (P<0.05), but not the δ13C values (P>0.05) at the end of the study. However, the δ13C and δ15N values for shrimp that were fed live food were much higher than those for shrimp fed on commercial feed (P<0.05), indicating that it is more reliable to distinguish seafood products using a method with distinctively different food sources. The shrimp rapidly achieve isotopic equilibrium with their diets after 3 weeks, and, for traceability, it is recommended to sample shrimp being consistently fed with one feed for more than 3 weeks.
Regeneration of testis tissue after ectopic implantation of porcine testis cell aggregates in mice: improved consistency of outcomes and in situ monitoring
Authors: Awang-Junaidi Awang Hazmi , Singh Jaswant , Honaramooz Ali
Published: February 2020

Ectopic implantation of donor testis cell aggregates in recipient mice results in de novo formation or regeneration of testis tissue and, as such, provides a unique invivo model for the study of testis development. However, currently the results are inconsistent and the efficiency of the model remains low. This study was designed to: (1) examine several factors that can potentially improve the consistency and efficiency of this model and (2) explore the use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for the non-invasive invivo evaluation of implants. Testis cell aggregates, containing ~40% gonocytes, from 1-week-old donor piglets were implanted under the back skin of immunodeficient mice through skin incisions using gel matrices or through subcutaneous injection without using gel matrices. The addition of gel matrices led to inconsistent tissue development; gelatin had the greatest development, followed by collagen, whereas agarose resulted in poor development. The results also depended on the implanted cell numbers since implants with 100×106 cells were larger than those with 50×106 cells. The injection approach for cell implantation was less invasive and resulted in more consistent and efficient testis tissue development. UBM provided promising results as a means of non-invasive monitoring of implants.
Übersetzung von Gerichtsdokumenten
Authors: Nauen Milana
Published: February 2020

The article examines the translation of court documents (indictments, penalty and arrest warrants, court decisions and court orders) and the challenges they pose. The activity of court translators is regulated by law. This unique position entrusts them with a special responsibility. Even if the actual addressees of the translation are unlikely to fully understand the text, the translation must be accurate and complete. This requires a thorough knowledge of both legal systems and an understanding of both legal languages. The present article discusses parts of a court document from a translator’s point of view, analysing the difficulties of translating court names, titles of laws, classification units and standardised formulations. The article contains many examples from the language pair German-Russian but is also comprehensible and of potential interest for translators from and into other languages.
On the quality of outsourced interpreting services in criminal courts in Spain
Authors: Vigier-Moreno Francisco J.
Published: February 2020

Globalisation, cross-border human mobility and international migration flows have prompted cross-linguistic and
cross-cultural services (e.g. translation and interpreting) in all spheres of current societies, including a sector as sensitive
as justice. In Spain, as in many other countries, in the last two decades, despite fierce criticism from practitioners and
academics, there has been a trend for the authorities to meet these needs by outsourcing these services to private companies
rather than hiring qualified professionals individually, on the grounds that this system allows for cheaper and more efficient
services. This article presents the most relevant results of a research project based on the analysis of a corpus of authentic
interpreter-mediated criminal proceedings, the first project of this kind in Spain. After briefly explaining how the project was
carried out and how the corpus was transcribed, annotated and analysed, special attention is paid to the findings in relation to
the interpreters’ performance in terms of fidelity and accuracy, and some illustrative examples are provided. The aim is to
address the quality of outsourced interpreting services in Spanish criminal courts as well as to indicate areas for
improvement.
Grammaticalization without Feature Economy
Authors: Halm Tamás
Published: February 2020

The present paper is a corpus-based study of the Voice Cycle in Hungarian. Based on data from the Old Hungarian Corpus and the Hungarian Historical Corpus, I will argue that while in Old Hungarian, middle voice was encoded through a separate inflectional paradigm (contextual allomorphy in the subject agreement suffix conditional on the feature content of a silent Voice head), in Modern Hungarian, middle voice is encoded through dedicated middle voice suffixes (i.e., the Voice head is spelled out overtly). I will claim that the underlying grammaticalization process involved the reanalysis of frequentative suffixes (v heads) as middle voice suffixes (Voice heads). I will show that this reinterpretation was not based on shared abstract features, but rather, on a principled correlation between middle voice and frequentative aspect: since some types of middles (antipassives and dispositional middles) were more likely to be associated with a frequentative or habitual reading than actives, frequentative suffixes were susceptible to reanalysis as middle suffixes in the course of language acquisition. I will thus claim that in addition to Feature Economy (vanGelderen 2011), reinterpretation based on correlation between featurally independent grammatical markers should also be regarded as a mechanism of grammaticalization.
A restudy of postcolonial Palau after two decades
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuko
Published: February 2020

This paper reports results from a reinvestigation of multilingualism in postcolonial Palau, conducted twenty years after the first study. The
first-ever ethnographic language survey conducted in 1997–1998 highlighted the diglossic nature of Palau where English replaced
Japanese as the ‘high’ language, while indigenous Palauan remained as the ‘low’ spoken language. It indicated three possible future scenarios: (a) shift from multilingualism to bilingualism after the older Japanese-speaking generation passes
away; (b) stability of diglossia with a clear social division between an English-speaking elite and a predominantly
Palauan-speaking non-elite; (c) movement towards an English-speaking nation with Palauan being abandoned. The restudy conducted in
2017–2018 provides real-time evidence to assess the direction and progress of change, whilst the ethnographic analysis of recent
changes in language policies and the linguistic analysis of teenagers’ narratives reveal the unpopularity of Palauan as a written
language and the emergence of their own variety of English.
Natives, migrants and communication practices in the Xi’an speech community
Authors: Berg Marinus van den
Published: February 2020

This paper reports the results of direct observations of language use and sociolinguistic interviews in Xi’an city, Shaanxi province, China. The data were collected in the autumn of 2018. Direct observations were done in four vegetable and fruit markets providing a data set of 1,708 cases. A sample of market customers was also interviewed resulting in 168 interviews. The interview data made clear that in migrant families, home-town dialects are well maintained, but that for interactions in the city, PTH is preferred as it is for work-related interactions. The observation data showed that ninety percent of interactions between customers and salespeople were performed in either the Xi’an dialect or PTH. These two varieties were used in various combinations confirming wide-spread use of multilingual exchanges. These exchanges are further specified as speech-community-internal interactions, home-dialect exchanges and lingua franca exchanges. Community integration of migrants is clarified through the concept of the discourse communities. The latter structure the modern Xi’an speech community and connect to the national level PTH Koine Community.
Effects of whole body vibration training combined with blood flow restriction on muscle adaptation
Authors: Cai Zong‐Yan , Wang Wen‐Yi , Lin Jia‐De , Wu Chih‐Min
Published: February 2020

This study investigated the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle fitness. Twenty physically inactive adults were randomly assigned to a WBV + BFR group (8 men and 2 women) and a WBV group (8 men and 2 women). The participants in the WBV group were subjected to 10 sets of intermittent WBV exercise 20 min/day, 3 days/week, for 8 weeks. The participants in the WBV + BFR group received the same WBV treatment, but the proximal portion of their thighs was compressed using inflatable cuffs. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry estimated thigh muscle mass, one repetition maximal (1RM) leg press, and muscle endurance were measured before and after the training programme. The results indicated that thigh muscle mass significantly increased (3%) after the 8‐week training period only in the WBV + BFR group. Meanwhile, 1RM leg press and muscle endurance significantly increased in both groups after training (p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance revealed that the increase in 1RM leg press and muscle endurance was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the WBV + BFR group than the WBV group (leg press: 11.1%. vs. 4.37%; muscle endurance: 48.84% vs. 15.19%, respectively). In conclusion, exposure to regular WBV + BFR training can increase thigh muscle mass, maximal strength, and muscle endurance compared with exposure to WBV training alone. WBV + BFR training appears to be a feasible strategy for improving muscle mass, strength, and endurance in previously untrained participants.
High rates of fat oxidation are maintained after the sleep low approach despite delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise
Authors: Podlogar Tim , Free Bonnie , Wallis Gareth A.
Published: February 2020

Training with low carbohydrate availability enhances endurance training adaptations but training volume may be compromised. We explored whole‐body metabolism and performance with delayed carbohydrate feeding during exercise undertaken following acute sleep‐low training. We hypothesised this strategy would not suppress fat oxidation and would maintain exercise performance. The study involved three experimental trials and included 9 men and 1 woman (⩒O2peak = 58.8 ± 5.5 mL kg−1 min−1). Each trial started in the afternoon with an exhaustive cycling protocol. The following morning 1‐h of steady‐state cycling (SS) was followed by a time trial (TT). Carbohydrates (CHO) were not ingested in recovery from exhaustive exercise or during next day exercise in the Placebo trial (PLA); CHO were not ingested during recovery but were fed (15 g every ∼15‐min) from 30‐min into SS and continued during the TT in the delayed feeding trial (DELAY); CHO were provided during recovery (1.2 g/kg/h for 7 h) and next day exercise (as in DELAY) in a third condition (CHO). Exercise metabolism was assessed using indirect calorimetry and blood sampling. Fat oxidation rates during SS were similar in PLA (0.83 ± 0.17 g/min) and DELAY (0.78 ± 0.14 g/min) (p > 0.05) and higher than CHO (0.57 ± 0.27 g/min) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in TT performance (49.1 ± 10.7, 43.4 ± 7.6, 41.0 ± 7.9 min in PLA, DELAY and CHO, respectively; p > 0.05). Delayed carbohydrate feeding could be a strategy to maintain high‐fat oxidation rates typically associated with exercise undertaken after the sleep‐low approach to training but the acute performance effects remain inconclusive.
Structural and luminescence imaging and characterisation of semiconductors in the scanning electron microscope
Authors: Trager-Cowan C , Alasmari A , Avis W , Bruckbauer J , Edwards P R , Ferenczi G , Hourahine B , Kotzai A , Kraeusel S , Kusch G , Martin R W , McDermott R , Naresh-Kumar G , Nouf-Allehiani M , Pascal E , Thomson D , Vespucci S , Smith M D , Parbrook P J , Enslin J , Mehnke F , Kuhn C , Wernicke T , Kneissl M , Hagedorn S , Knauer A , Walde S , Weyers M , Coulon P-M , Shields P A , Bai J , Gong Y , Jiu L , Zhang Y , Smith R M , Wang T , Winkelmann A
Published: February 2020

The scanning electron microscopy techniques of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and cathodoluminescence (CL) hyperspectral imaging provide complementary information on the structural and luminescence properties of materials rapidly and non-destructively, with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometres. EBSD provides crystal orientation, crystal phase and strain analysis, whilst ECCI is used to determine the planar distribution of extended defects over a large area of a given sample. CL reveals the influence of crystal structure, composition and strain on intrinsic luminescence and/or reveals defect-related luminescence. Dark features are also observed in CL images where carrier recombination at defects is non-radiative. The combination of these techniques is a powerful approach to clarifying the role of crystallography and extended defects on a material’s light emission properties. Here we describe the EBSD, ECCI and CL techniques and illustrate their use for investigating the structural and light emitting properties of UV-emitting nitride semiconductor structures. We discuss our investigations of the type, density and distribution of defects in GaN, AlN and AlGaN thin films and also discuss the determination of the polarity of GaN nanowires.
Electrical properties of Ca3–xSmxCo4O9+δ ceramics prepared under magnetic field*
Authors: Qu Xiu-Rong , Xu Yan-Yan , Lü Shu-Chen , Hu Jian-Min
Published: February 2020

We fabricate Sm-doped Ca3Co4O9+δ
(CCO) bulk materials in magnetic field during both processes of chemical synthesis and cold pressing. The structure and electrical performance of the samples are investigated. With the increasing Sm concentration, the electrical conductivity 1/ρ decreases and the Seebeck coefficient α increases. As a result, the power factor (PF = α
2/ρ) is raised slightly. After applying magnetic field, the extent of texture, grain size and density of all the bulk materials are improved obviously, thereby an enhanced electrical conductivity can be gained. Additionally, the degeneracy of Co4+ state in the CoO2 layer of CCO is also increased as the magnetic field is used in the preparing process, which results in an enhanced α. The Ca2.85Sm0.15Co4O9+δ
prepared in magnetic field shows the largest power factor (0.20 mW⋅m−1⋅K−2 at 1073 K).