bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LUMI-lab: a Foundation Model-Driven Autonomous Platform Enabling Discovery of New Ionizable Lipid Designs for mRNA Delivery
Authors: Cui Haotian , Xu Yue , Pang Kuan , Li Gen , Gong Fanglin , Wang Bo , Li Bowen
Published: February 2025

The complexity of molecular discovery requires autonomous systems that efficiently explore vast and uncharted chemical spaces. While integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with robotic automation has accelerated discovery, its application remains constrained in fields with scarce historical data. One such challenge is the design of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for mRNA delivery, which has relied on expert-driven design and is hindered by limited datasets. Here, we introduce LUMI-lab, a self-driving lab (SDL) system that enables efficient learning with minimal wet-lab data by integrating a molecular foundation model with an automated active-learning experimental workflow. Through ten iterative cycles, LUMI-lab synthesized and evaluated over 1,700 LNPs, identifying ionizable lipids with superior mRNA transfection potency in human bronchial cells compared to clinically approved benchmarks. Unexpectedly, it autonomously uncovered brominated lipid tails as a novel feature enhancing mRNA delivery.In vivovalidation further confirmed that inhalation of LNPs containing the top-performing lipid, LUMI-6, achieved 20.3% gene editing efficacy in lung epithelial cells in murine models, surpassing the highest efficiency reported for inhaled LNP-mediated CRISPR-Cas9 delivery in mice to our knowledge. These findings demonstrate LUMI-lab as a powerful, data-efficient platform for advancing mRNA delivery, highlighting the potential of AI-driven autonomous systems to accelerate innovation in material science and therapeutic discovery.
Factors Associated with Recurrent Malaria Episodes among Children Under Five at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital in Kayunga District, Central Uganda
Authors: Modi Derick , Musinguzi Marvin , Pita Patricia , Kigongo Eustes , Kabunga Amir , Kayizzi Julius , Kasaija Deo , Khanakwa Voni Alice , Alyao Oscar Simon , Lubangakene Julius , Murungi Tom , Oneka Christopher Okullo , Opollo Marc Sam
Published: February 2025

Background

Malaria poses a substantial global challenge and continues to be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in numerous developing nations. Children under the age of five in low- and middle-income countries such as Uganda are the most affected. Recurrent episodes of malaria have significant consequences for both children and their families. However, there remains a deficiency in knowledge regarding recurrent malaria episodes in Uganda.

Objective

To determine the prevalence and factors associated with recurrent malaria episodes among children under five at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital.

Methodology

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among children under five at Kayunga Regional Referral Hospital in central Uganda. The data was collected among 254 consecutively sampled participants who were caring for children under five. Data was collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire and analyzed at univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels.

Results

A total of 250 participants participated in the study with a response rate of 98.45%. The prevalence of recurrent malaria episodes was 84% (210). The factors associated with recurrent malaria episodes were; children from houses that were annually sprayed (aOR; 8.93, 95CI%,2.11-37.81), children who were treated with quinine antimalarial in the previous infection (aOR, 0.28, 95%CI,0.12-0.65) and children who were residing in a house whose windows were closed at 7-8 pm (aOR, 8.31, 95%CI, 2.21-31.27).

Conclusion

Nearly 90% of children under the age of five years experienced recurrent malaria episodes. These recurrent infections were more frequent among children from houses that were annually sprayed and those from houses with delayed window closure compared to those who had been treated using quinine-based antimalarials. While quinine-based antimalarials remain an important treatment option, alternative or complementary malaria prevention strategies, such as frequent indoor spraying and early closure of windows should be prioritized.
Inclusive innovation: balancing gender equality and gender neutrality in hackathons
Authors: Rys Maciej , Górska Anna Maria
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study explores women’s experiences and perceptions of gender inclusivity in hackathons, aiming to understand how tailored equality initiatives can evolve into gender-neutral, merit-based environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on 43 semi-structured interviews with women participants, organizers and mentors at multiple hackathons, the research employs thematic analysis to identify key barriers, strategies and long-term opportunities for advancing inclusivity.

Findings

The study reveals that initially focused gender equality measures help restore balance and mitigate entrenched stereotypes. Over time, transitioning to gender-neutral policies sustains hackathons as dynamic innovation platforms. Continuous feedback mechanisms, targeted interventions and robust data analytics ensure that these policies evolve, thus enhancing both the diversity of participants and the quality of their solutions.

Practical implications

The findings guide hackathon organizers and stakeholders in implementing adaptable measures – such as short-term mentorship programs, regular feedback loops and bias-awareness training – that respond directly to participants’ experiences. These interventions not only address current disparities but also pave the way for long-term, skill-driven meritocracies in innovation ecosystems.

Social implications

By informing more equitable innovation ecosystems, this research supports broader efforts to diversify STEM participation and improve gender equity.

Originality/value

Where previous research often treats inclusivity as an isolated concern, this study outlines a strategic, iterative pathway: from direct equality-focused actions to a genuinely merit-based context. By incorporating firsthand perspectives, it provides a nuanced, evidence-based framework that extends beyond broad recommendations.
Is it inclusive enough? An investigation of consumer responses to inclusive product lines
Authors: Naidu Deepika , Donnadieu Borquez Anabella
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Brands are increasingly committing to improving diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) within their marketing practices. One way that brands can show their commitment to DEI is by offering inclusive product lines. This paper aims to examine the strategic implications of offering inclusive product lines by investigating consumer perceptions of product lines with more (versus fewer) options as well as product lines that cater primarily to minority (versus majority) consumers.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses three online experiments and one secondary data set to test the hypotheses across two consumption contexts (makeup and clothing).

Findings

Consumers perceive product lines with more options and a distribution of options that skews toward minority (versus majority) consumers to be more inclusive and moral, which leads to more favorable attitudes toward the brand. In addition, consumers perceive product lines with balanced options to be as inclusive and moral as those with minority-skewed options.

Practical implications

This research provides practitioners with valuable insights on how to increase favorable consumer perceptions of their brands’ DEI strategies.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the emerging literature on brand inclusivity in the marketplace. Specifically, it sheds light on why brands have been criticized for launching product lines that, ostensibly, include many options but may not go far enough to address marketplace inequalities that disadvantage underrepresented consumers.
Green strategy orientation and competitiveness: an optimal distinctiveness perspective
Authors: Xiao Jing , Zeng Ping , Niu Lanlan
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Implementing a green strategy to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises is a hot topic in current research. Although most enterprises have formed a green strategy orientation (GSO), it has not been transformed into green competitiveness (GC). Prior studies have not thoroughly studied the effect and mechanism of GSO on GC. To fill this research gap, based on optimal distinctiveness theory, this paper discusses the mediating role of two kinds of green innovation (GI) in the GSO–GC relationship and the moderating role of big data capability (BDC).

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the quantitative research methods of multiple linear regression, Bootstrap and structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected through a questionnaire and a random sampling method was used to survey middle and senior managers and professionals in manufacturing enterprises. About 400 questionnaires were distributed, and 342 valid questionnaires were collected.

Findings

The conclusions show that GSO significantly positively affects GI and GC. Still, it turns out that only strategic green innovation (SGI) mediates the GSO–GC relationship. BDC can positively moderate the mediation effect of SGI between GSO and GC, thus supporting the moderated mediation model.

Research limitations/implications

This study used a survey questionnaire from Chinese manufacturing enterprises to collect data, but the sample size was limited. Furthermore, the mediating mechanism by which GSO affects GC requires further exploration. This study directly establishes the GSO–GC relationship based on the optimal distinctiveness theory, making an essential contribution to the literature on GSO and GC. At the same time, this paper uses GI as a bridge to connect the relationship between GSO and GC, enriching the literature on GI. In addition, we consider BDC to be a moderator, expanding the boundaries of the GSO–GC relationship.

Practical implications

This study provides new knowledge and insights for manufacturing enterprises to construct and implement green strategies to achieve GC. More importantly, managers should attach great importance to the critical role of SGI and BDC.

Originality/value

This study understands the importance of GSO, SGI and BDC to GC in theory and practice.
Football league brands: consumer perceptions and the role of competitive balance
Authors: Sheng Dachen , Montgomery Heather A.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study discovers the perceptions and preferences of Chinese fans of the European major football leagues. China has a large potential sports consumption market, and football has the largest number of fans among all the sports in China. Knowing the needs of foreign fans would help the leagues to decide the most efficient and competitive strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

The research involves quantitative methods and analysis to show the Chinese fans’ attraction to different football leagues in Europe. The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to extract important factors of the survey data, and the multiple regression, ordinary least square (OLS) method is used to understand the contribution of different factors to the fan size. The outcomes of different performances of the leagues are compared to further evaluate the different strategies.

Findings

The results of the analysis show that Chinese fans tend to support clubs that offer more competitive matches. The market value of the club’s players is used as a mediating proxy indicator to evaluate the club’s competitiveness. Leagues with higher uncertainty around championship wins attract more followers. The findings suggest that league balance, champion–winner uncertainty and club competitiveness attract a larger fan base and raise league market value, both important factors in creating financially sustainable football leagues with robust product lifecycles. Fans prefer balanced leagues to monopolistic clubs.

Originality/value

Unlike most past football research involving quantitative analysis, this research uses quantitative analysis to discover the relationships between the sports factors and the fans' size. The empirical evidence could deliver more objective and robust results. The research further discusses and extends the importance of a balanced football league from the sports and league management aspects to the economics level.
Increased proportion of exclusion netting in the landscape affects pest damage in unnetted apple orchards
Authors: Poinas Isis , Lavigne Claire , Dib Hazem , Leroy Areski , Franck Pierre , Delattre Thomas , Said Xavier , Gauffre Bertrand
Published: February 2025

The spatial distribution of agricultural practices in the landscape can affect pests through landscape concentration‐dilution or resource limitation effects. Furthermore, these landscape effects could interact with the local impact of agricultural practices. In pome fruit orchards, exclusion nets are increasingly used, especially in organic orchards, to prevent damage from the codling moth (Cydia pomonella). However, their broader impact at the landscape scale, including potential effects on non‐target pests like aphids, remains largely unexplored, as are interactions between local and landscape effects of agricultural practices.

From 2021 to 2023, we investigated the effect of exclusion nets in organic farming on the target pest and two non‐target aphid pests (rosy and woolly apple aphids, Dysaphis plantaginea and Eriosoma lanigerum) in the main apple production area of southern France. We monitored 23 pairs of organic orchards, each consisting of a netted orchard adjacent to an unnetted orchard, to disentangle the local effects of nets from those of nets in the surrounding landscape on local infestations by C. pomonella and the two aphid species.

Locally, C. pomonella damage and diapausing larvae were reduced in the netted orchards. Unexpectedly, the probability of D. plantaginea presence was also reduced, but not that of E. lanigerum. Additionally, we observed some effects of the landscape‐scale distribution of nets. Both the damage from C. pomonella and the presence of D. plantaginea increased in unnetted orchards when there was a high proportion of netted orchards in the surrounding landscape (only observed in 2021 for D. plantaginea). Damages from C. pomonella also decreased significantly, but only in unnetted orchards when there were more pome fruit orchards in the landscape.

Synthesis and applications. This study is the first to reveal that nets significantly impact pest dynamics on the scale of agricultural landscapes. We recommend landscape‐scale coordination in the deployment of nets, along with additional protective measures to mitigate their unintended effects on pests at the local and landscape scales.
A study of Candida albicans from raw bovine milk: Phenotypic and molecular characterisation, evaluation of the thermotolerance and the effects on pH
Authors: Özkaya Yasin , Dışhan Adalet , Hızlısoy Harun , Barel Mukaddes , Köşkeroğlu Kürşat , Başar Melike , Gönülalan Zafer
Published: February 2025

Milk serves as a suitable medium for the growth of foodborne pathogens, including Candida albicans, which may possess virulence properties. Therefore, understanding the virulence characteristics and thermotolerance of C. albicans isolated from milk is important for ensuring safety and quality in the dairy industry. This study aims to identify Candida species in raw milk and detect thermotolerance and pH‐changing features of C. albicans by indicating antifungal resistance, virulence and biofilm‐forming capability via phenotypic and genotypic researching. Identification of Candida species and detection of antifungal resistance and virulence markers in C. albicans were carried out via Polymerase Chain Reaction. Thermal tolerance of C. albicans isolates was determined through microbial counts on specific parameters (63°C, 68°C and 72°C). Each experiment was replicated three times to ensure reliability. Post hoc analyses were performed to compare the observed differences. The prevalence of Candida albicans (15%), Candida parapsilosis (8%), Candida krusei (3%), Candida lusitaniae (2%) and Candida glabrata (1%) was revealed in 100 milk samples. C. albicans isolates exhibited significant virulence, antifungal resistance and biofilm‐producing properties. Low‐temperature long‐time pasteurisation (63°C for 30 min) provided a 3.18 log reduction of C. albicans from an initial 4 log population, while high‐temperature short‐time pasteurisation (72°C for 15 s) resulted in a 0.83 log reduction. Determination of the thermotolerance of C. albicans with phenotypically and genotypically determined virulence properties will guide the optimisation of the pasteurisation process to prevent economic, safety and quality concerns in dairy industry. This investigation will also provide valuable insights into the scientific understanding of the dynamics of virulent C. albicans in milk and the efficacy of heat treatments in reducing its load.
Cocaine to prevent bleeding during nasotracheal intubation: A systematic review
Authors: Larsen Mo Haslund , Rosenkrantz Oscar , Krag Mette , Rasmussen Lars Simon , Isbye Dan
Published: February 2025

Background

Nasotracheal intubation is associated with a risk of epistaxis. Decongestion of the nasal mucosa reduces the risk of epistaxis, and different vasoconstrictors may be used. Cocaine has both decongestive and analgesic properties, but it also has side effects. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate if cocaine decreases the occurrence and severity of epistaxis when administered topically to the nasal mucosa before nasotracheal intubation.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis following the PRISMA guidelines based on a predefined protocol. We included randomized clinical trials comparing nasal cocaine to active comparators or placebo for nasotracheal intubation. Two reviewers independently screened studies for eligibility and performed data extraction. Relative risk with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. Predefined primary outcome measures were the occurrence and severity of epistaxis. Secondary outcomes were pain, mechanical complications, and patient‐centered side effects. The risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool for randomized trials, and certainty of evidence on outcome level was assessed according to GRADE.

Results

Six trials (n = 457) were included; one trial was judged as having a low risk of bias. All six trials provided information on the occurrence of epistaxis. The meta‐analysis did not support a difference in the occurrence of epistaxis between cocaine and its comparators (fixed effect: relative risk 0.90 [95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.09, I2 of 0%, certainty of evidence: low]). The severity of epistaxis was evaluated on incompatible scales and thus not suitable for meta‐analysis. No studies reported on pain or mechanical complications associated with nasotracheal intubation, and data on patient‐centered side effects were sparse.

Conclusion

This systematic review with meta‐analysis demonstrated that the quantity and certainty of evidence on cocaine used for nasotracheal intubation is low and that there is no firm evidence for the benefits and harms of cocaine compared to other vasoconstrictors and topical analgetics or placebo. Consequently, sufficiently powered randomized trials assessing patient‐centered outcomes, including outcomes on side effects, should be conducted before firm conclusions on cocaine for nasotracheal intubation can be drawn.

Editorial Comment

Epistaxis can occur with nasotracheal intubation, and topical drug vasoconstrictor effects have been used to reduce this risk. This analysis shows that the evidence base supporting the use of cocaine for reducing the risk of epistaxis in nasotracheal intubation is uncertain.
Affirming children’s dignity in their affective flow in play‐based science inquiry
Authors: Lee Christine , Jen Tessaly , Lee Sarah , Keifert D. Teo , Enyedy Noel
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates affect as part of children's sensemaking in the context of a play‐based mixed‐reality science learning environment. We build on theories of affect as disciplinary work by investigating the multiple layers of affect that are essential to children's scientific inquiry and to identify pedagogical moves that recognize, value, and build on this affect as integral to learning. Findings encourage educators to affirm children's dignities as scientific inquirers by validating children's diverse and affective resources in the learning process.
CXCL9 and CXCL13 shape endometrial cancer immune‐activated microenvironment via tertiary lymphoid structure formation
Authors: Nagase Yoshihiro , Kodama Makoto , Aimono Eriko , Nakamura Kohei , Takamatsu Reika , Abe Keiko , Yoshimura Takuma , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Yamagami Wataru , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been successfully applied to various cancers; however, not all patients respond to ICI therapy. Tumors with an immune‐activated environment are highly responsive to ICIs. To identify the cells and molecules essential to the formation of an immune‐activated cancer microenvironment, we focused on the tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) and performed histological and genomic analyses using endometrial cancer material. In the high immunogenic group, numerous TLSs were observed, and CXCL9 and CXCL13 expression was markedly increased. CXCL9‐positive antigen‐presenting and CXCL13‐positive follicular dendritic cells were distributed in the T‐ and B‐cell zones of TLSs, respectively. A group of molecules whose expression was upregulated along with CXCL9 and CXCL13 expression was strongly associated with cellular immunity. These results suggest that CXCL9‐expressing antigen‐presenting cells and CXCL13‐expressing follicular dendritic cells coordinately shape the immune‐activated microenvironment through TLS formation. The current findings will contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the activated cancer immune microenvironment, thereby advancing the field of precision cancer medicine.
Phylogenetic minimum description length: an optimality criterion based on algorithmic complexity
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. , Varón Andres
Published: February 2025

Phylogenetic minimum description length (PMDL) is proposed as an optimality criterion for phylogenetic analysis. PMDL is based on algorithmic (Kolmogorov) information and the minimum description length principle. This criterion generates natural weighting functions (i.e. not being externally specified) for a diversity of phylogenetic graph, data and model types. PMDL is a generalized criterion that converges on existing forms of inference (i.e. parsimony, likelihood, Bayesian) in specific circumstances. Furthermore, as opposed to existing criteria, PMDL includes graph complexity allowing for the competition of hypotheses with myriad types of phylogenetic graphs (e.g. trees, networks, forests). Owing to its compound nature, PMDL allows for analytical model choice along with phylogenetic graph hypothesis while avoiding over‐parameterization. Although uncomputable, heuristic methods are presented for the calculation of upper bounds on the algorithmic information content of a phylogenetic hypothesis. Examples are presented demonstrating the approach.
“Dark taxonomy”: A new protocol for overcoming the taxonomic impediments for dark taxa and broadening the taxon base for biodiversity assessment
Authors: Meier Rudolf , Srivathsan Amrita , Oliveira Sarah Siqueira , Balbi Maria Isabel P.A. , Ang Yuchen , Yeo Darren , Kjærandsen Jostein , Amorim Dalton de Souza
Published: February 2025

We are entering the sixth mass extinction with little data for “dark taxa”, although they comprise most species. Much of the neglect is due to the fact that conventional taxonomic methods struggle with handling thousands of specimens belonging to hundreds of species. We thus here propose a new strategy that we call “dark taxonomy”. It addresses (i) taxonomic impediments, (ii) the lack of biodiversity baselines and (iii) the low impact of revisionary research. Taxonomic impediments are reduced by carrying out revisions at small geographic scales to keep the number of specimens low. The risk of taxonomic error is reduced by delimiting species based on two types of data. We furthermore show that dark taxonomy can yield important biodiversity baseline data by using samples obtained with biomonitoring traps. Lastly, we argue that the impact of revisionary research can be improved by publishing two papers addressing different readerships. The principles of dark taxonomy are illustrated by our taxonomic treatment of Singapore's fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) based only on Malaise trap samples. We show that a first batch of specimens (N = 1454) contains 120 species, of which 115 are new to science, thus reducing taxonomic impediments by increasing the number of described Oriental species by 25%. Species delimitation started with using DNA barcodes to estimate the number of Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) before “LIT” (Large‐scale Integrative Taxonomy) was used to obtain the species boundaries for the 120 species by integrating morphological and molecular data. To test the taxonomic completeness of the revision, we next analysed a second batch of 1493 specimens and found that >97% belonged to the 120 species delimited based on the first batch. Indeed, the second batch only contained 18 new and rare MOTUs, i.e. our study suggests that a single revision can simultaneously yield the names for all important species and relevant biodiversity baseline data. Overall, we believe that “dark taxonomy” can quickly ready a large unknown taxon for biomonitoring.
Comparison of Two Different Sizes of Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral Particles in Lateral Sinus Floor Elevation With Simultaneous Implant Placement: A Radiographic Study
Authors: Qin Xiaoru , Xi Yue , Teng Fei , Wang Zhikang , Yang Guoli
Published: February 2025

Objectives

To investigate the radiographic changes of two different particle sizes of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) following lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) with simultaneous implant placement.

Materials and Methods

A total of 104 patients with 128 implants receiving LSFE with simultaneous implant placement were included and divided according to the grafted DBBM: 47 using small particle sizes (0.25–1 mm), 57 using large particle sizes (1–2 mm). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken at three points (T0: before surgery, T1: immediate postoperative, T2: 6‐month postoperative). The two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional augmentation parameters, including apical bone height (ABH), endo‐sinus bone gain (ESBG), peri‐implant bone height (PBH), marginal bone loss (MBL), and augmented bone volume (AV) were measured. The differences in augmentation parameters between the small and large particle sizes of DBBM were compared.

Results

AV was 916.76 (657.88–1243.74) mm3 at T1 and decreased to 823.73 (583.12–1178.79) mm3 at T2, pointing to a relative volume stability of 89.8%. Although ABH did not significantly differ between the two groups at T1 (p = 0.379) and T2 (p = 0.264), AV, ESBG, and PBH were significantly higher in the large particle group. At the 6‐month follow‐up, the reduction rates in AV (p < 0.001), ESBG (p = 0.022), and PBH (p = 0.004) were lower in the large particle group.

Conclusions

The augmentation outcome decreased after LSFE with simultaneous implant placement at the 6‐month follow‐up. Using the large particle size of DBBM improved the augmentation stability.
Study on the Mechanisms of Ischemic Stroke Impacting Sleep Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythms in Rats
Authors: Chu Ting‐ting , Sun Chen , Zheng Yong‐hui , Gao Wen‐ying , Zhao Lin‐lin , Zhang Jing‐yu
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the impact of ischemic stroke (IS) on sleep homeostasis and circadian rhythms in rats, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

The middle cerebral artery occlusion model was employed to induce IS in rats. Sixty young and sixty aged rats were randomly divided into six groups for experiments. Neurological function was assessed using the Garcia score, and infarct size was evaluated through 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Sleep–wake cycles were monitored by implanting electrodes into the neck muscles to record electroencephalograms and electromyograms. Parameters such as sleep latency, waking time, non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleeping, rapid eye movement sleeping, NREM delta power, and waking theta power were measured. Serum cortisol and melatonin levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gene and protein expression of circadian regulators period 1 (Per1) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) in the pineal gland were assessed using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot.

Results

Compared to the sham groups, IS‐induced rats showed a decrease in Garcia scores and an increase in cerebral infarction area. Besides, relative to young rats, aged rats exhibited more severe cerebral infraction damage, lower melatonin levels, higher cortisol levels, disrupted sleep–wake cycles, and altered gene and protein expression levels of Per1 and Cry1 in the pineal gland.

Conclusions

IS can lead to neurological impairments and brain damage, with aged rats showing more severe effects. IS also disturbs melatonin and cortisol levels, affects sleep homeostasis, and results in disordered Per1 and Cry1 gene and protein expression levels. These findings underscore the role of circadian disruption and stress response in the pathology of IS, especially in aging populations.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Cognitive Function of a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jiang Xueqin , Zheng Yu , Sun Huaiqing , Dang Yini , Yin Mengmei , Xiao Ming , Wu Ting
Published: February 2025

Background

A growing body of evidence suggests a link between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on cognitive function in a mouse model of AD.

Methods

Four‐month‐old 5 × FAD (familial Alzheimer's disease) mice underwent antibiotic treatment to deplete their native gut microbiota. Subsequently, they received FMT either weekly or every other day. After 8 weeks, cognitive function and β‐amyloid (Aβ) load were assessed through behavioral testing and pathological analysis, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Results

Initial weekly FMT failed to alleviate memory deficits or reduce brain Aβ pathology in 5 × FAD mice. In contrast, FMT administered every other day effectively restored gut dysbiosis in 5 × FAD mice and decreased Aβ pathology and lipopolysaccharide levels in the colon and hippocampus. Mechanistically, FMT reduced the expression of amyloid β precursor protein, β‐site APP cleaving enzyme 1, and presenilin‐1, potentially by inhibiting the Toll‐like receptor 4/inhibitor of kappa B kinase β/nuclear factor kappa‐B signaling pathway. However, the cognitive benefits of FMT on 5 × FAD mice diminished over time.

Conclusion

These findings demonstrate the dose‐ and time‐dependent efficacy of FMT in mitigating AD‐like pathology, underscoring the potential of targeting the gut microbiota for AD treatment.
Simulation of Age‐Related Limitations of Patients in Patient‐Centred Dental Education
Authors: Nitschke Ina , Holter Martin , Sobotta Bernhard , Jockusch Julia
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Young people, including dental students, generally have little experience with older people who suffer from multimorbidity with age‐related functional and/or cognitive limitations. For this reason, the ‘Gero‐Parcours’ (GP) as an educational instrument of multi‐staging simulation teaching was developed for students to experience ageing and its limitation.

Materials and Methods

The GP consists of different stations (e.g., hearing and visual impairments, teeth brushing by third‐party cleaners, emotion), which are completed within 15 minutes each by two students at the same time supervised by an educated professional. Students' assessment of the GP at the University of Leipzig, Germany between 2021 and 2024 was evaluated by using written questionnaires.

Results

Student's experiences and perceptions of the GP highlighted its positive influence on their understanding of ageing. Most students stated that the course enriched their professional knowledge and dispelled misconceptions about ageing in patients. Some students expressed personal concerns about ageing. Students found the transfer from a wheelchair to a dental chair station most beneficial for their future work life, while the clinical nutrition station received the lowest rating.

Discussion

The GP illustrates ageing with its limitations. The students and supervisors appreciated this practical training. However, when planning a GP, it is necessary to provide the necessary resources for the course. Students from the higher years can also be recruited and trained as supervisors.

Conclusion

The GP can be easily adapted to the number of students and supervisors as well as to the time available. As the students found the GP to be a helpful educational instrument, the authors recommend including it as mandatory in the dental education curriculum.
Mental State Recognition Deficits Linked to Brain Changes in Parkinson's Disease Without Dementia
Authors: Funghi Giulia , Rabini Giuseppe , Meli Claudia , Speranza Chiara , Pierotti Enrica , Saviola Francesca , Tambalo Stefano , Zappini Francesca , Fumagalli Giorgio , Turella Luca , Jovicich Jorge , Papagno Costanza , Dodich Alessandra
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have reported social cognitive deficits, particularly in emotional processing, in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, a comprehensive characterization of these deficits and their underlying neural correlates remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between deficits in the recognition of complex mental states and structural/functional brain changes in non‐demented PD individuals. To reach this aim, 24 PD participants underwent clinical assessment, neuropsychological testing and the FAcial Complex Expressions (FACE) test, a novel test of complex mental state recognition from faces. Patients were classified as clinically impaired (n = 8) or unimpaired (n = 16) based on performance on this test. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired to investigate the association between FACE test performance and both resting‐state functional connectivity and grey matter volume, within the emotion understanding network and at the whole‐brain level. Statistical analyses also included the comparison of imaging metrics between the impaired and unimpaired groups. Results showed that complex mental state recognition in PD was significantly associated with both defective and compensatory mechanisms at the functional and anatomical level within the emotion understanding network, particularly involving the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, primary/secondary somatosensory cortices, and right anterior temporal cortex. Whole‐brain results extended the network to temporal and medial frontal areas. In conclusion, reduced recognition of complex mental states in non‐demented PD patients is associated with alterations in the emotion understanding network A comprehensive characterization of early emotional deficits in these patients may have significant implications in the characterization of the cognitive phenotype, with potential benefit for tailored non‐pharmacological intervention.
Tau PET Imaging With [18F]MK‐6240: Limited Affinity for Primary Tauopathies and High Specificity for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Gérard Thomas , Colmant Lise , Malotaux Vincent , Salman Yasmine , Huyghe Lara , Quenon Lisa , Boyer Emilien , Dricot Laurence , Ivanoiu Adrian , Lhommel Renaud , Hanseeuw Bernard
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Second‐generation tau‐PET tracers like [18F]MK‐6240 are increasingly used both for diagnosing and quantifying Alzheimer's Disease (AD) tauopathy. However, while [18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET has demonstrated excellent sensitivity for AD tauopathy, data assessing its specificity and binding in non‐AD tauopathies are still scarce.

Methods

Participants were assigned to exclusive categorical diagnoses based on their amyloid (Aβ) and cognitive status. We quantified mesiotemporal (MTL) and neocortical [18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET signal in 28 Aβ− cognitively impaired (CI) patients presenting various non‐AD neurodegenerative disorders. Tau‐PET quantifications were compared with Aβ− cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects (n = 51) and Aβ+ CI patients (n = 77).

Results

Among the 28 Aβ− impaired subjects, only five presented significant and isolated mesiotemporal signal, most of them being suspected of primary age‐related tauopathy (PART). Only two Aβ− impaired patients (7%) presented positive neocortical signal, both being diagnosed with fronto‐temporal degeneration (FTD). The Tau‐PET results of all the remaining Aβ− patients were comparable to the CU population, including eight other FTD patients. Importantly, 4R‐only tauopathies (CBD and PSP) and sv‐PPA were negative.

Conclusion

[18F]MK‐6240 tau‐PET has a special affinity for tauopathies involving 3R/4R paired helical filaments: AD, PART (Aβ− subjects with MTL‐restricted tau‐PET signal) and some forms of FTD while most primary tauopathies do not exhibit significant cortical signal. Positive neocortical scans are therefore highly specific for AD tauopathy. Based on those and previous results, we propose a diagnostic flowchart for MCI subjects suspected of AD or another tauopathy which may significantly reduce the need for amyloid PET or CSF measurement.
Sino‐nasal lymphoma
Authors: Hollis A. R.
Published: February 2025

Sino‐nasal neoplasia is rare in horses, and most reports are limited to small numbers of cases, making it challenging to draw firm conclusions from the available literature. Exploring data from other species often assists the equine practitioner to better understand rare diseases in horses, but there are limited data about sino‐nasal lymphoma in other species. The association with human herpes virus 4 (Epstein–Barr virus) in all reported cases of sino‐nasal T‐cell lymphoma in humans is especially interesting, but the rarity of this tumour in horses makes such an association with equine herpes virus extremely challenging to investigate.
Genetic and functional dissection of the glutamate‐proline pathway reveals a shortcut for glutamate catabolism in Leishmania
Authors: Campagnaro Gustavo Daniel , Kaysel Cruz Angela
Published: February 2025

Trypanosomatids are early‐divergent eukaryotes that have adapted to parasitism. During their life cycles, these parasites switch between a mammalian and an invertebrate host, and the ability to adapt their metabolism to different nutritional sources is instrumental for their success. In the invertebrate host, these protists have access to high amounts of amino acids and efficiently utilise it for energy production. Proline is a particularly efficient energy source for trypanosomes. Glutamate is also efficiently used by Trypanosoma cruzi and can be converted into proline as part of the glutamate‐proline pathway prior to its intramitochondrial catabolism. By employing a series of genetic modifications and functional analysis, we show here that Leishmania parasites, the causative agents of leishmaniases, can utilise proline, glutamate and glutamine as energy sources, and although these parasites possess all the genes necessary for the biosynthesis of proline from glutamate, this pathway has, at best, limited function, with at least one of its components (pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate reductase) assuming divergent functions in different life cycle stages of the parasite. In fact, we show that the catabolism of glutamate is independent of proline biosynthesis and the former is most likely directly imported into the mitochondrion and catabolised to recover the cellular redox metabolism and increase mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, our data suggest a relevant role for glutamate dehydrogenase in nutritional stress response in Leishmania. These findings highlight relevant differences in amino acid metabolism between Trypanosoma and Leishmania and suggest a diversification in amino acid metabolic pathways within Trypanosomatidae.
Lineage Tracking Dissects the Fate of Neonatal iNKT Cells Later in Life
Authors: Liu Jun , Yang Biao , Hu Danchen , Yuan Ning , Li Wenhua , Feng Zhao , Su Yanhong , Zhang Dan , Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Baojun
Published: February 2025

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in peripheral tissues are from different waves ranged from foetal, neonatal to adult ages. However, it is unclear how iNKT cells from different ages maintain in the periphery and what are their functionality. We found that in adult mice, neonate tracked‐iNKT (NT‐iNKT) cells are present in spleen, bone marrow, liver and lung, with a predominantly accumulation in the kidney. The NT‐iNKT cells in the kidney are almost iNKT1 cells and express tissue‐resident marker CD69. These cells also exhibit higher level of CD122 and possess a stronger proliferative capacity compared to adult tracked‐iNKT (AT‐iNKT) cells. Furthermore, we found that NT‐iNKT cells potentially secrete more IFN‐γ than AT‐iNKT cells in vitro and in vivo (a‐GalCer immunisation). Overall, our study sheds light on the peripheral behaviour and functionality of NT‐ and AT‐iNKT cells, highlighting the potential role of NT‐iNKT cells in the kidney during immune response.
Clinical Support System for Healthcare Providers Using Big Data Analytics
Authors: Arunmozhi Arasan K. , Ramaraj E. , Padmapriya A.
Published: February 2025

Background

The healthcare industry is rapidly evolving due to digital innovation and technological advancements. The increasing volume of healthcare data necessitates efficient analytical methods to extract meaningful insights. Traditional health data analysis platforms primarily focus on data collection, aggregation, processing, analysis, visualisation, and interpretation. However, challenges remain in optimising these processes for effective disease prediction and decision‐making.

Methods

This study proposes the k‐means termite clustering model (KTCM) as a novel optimisation approach for healthcare data analysis. The model integrates graph reduction techniques for data preprocessing, followed by storage in a clinical database. A mining algorithm is employed to analyse the processed data, enhancing predictive accuracy. Healthcare professionals receive training on standardised prediction methodologies to refine disease forecasting based on historical benchmarks. The model's performance is evaluated using statistical metrics, including R², REMS, MSE, MAE and MAPE.

Results

The proposed KTCM model demonstrates superior predictive performance, achieving an R² value of 99.7%, surpassing other existing methods. The advanced clustering and optimisation techniques improve the accuracy and efficiency of disease prediction, thereby aiding healthcare professionals in making informed decisions.

Conclusion

The KTCM approach significantly enhances healthcare data analysis by optimising disease prediction through efficient clustering and mining techniques. The model's high accuracy and improved parameter optimisation validate its effectiveness in clinical decision support. Future work may explore further refinements in algorithmic performance and real‐time implementation in healthcare systems.
Dual Esthetic Enhancement of Class III Profile and Gummy Smile With Facial Esthetic Bone Augmentation and Orthodontic Therapy
Authors: Watahiki Junichi , Wada Akihiro , Suzawa Tetsuo , Izawa Hidehiko , Onizuka Hiroyasu
Published: February 2025

Objective

This case report examines the combination of orthodontic treatment and bone augmentation using an interdisciplinary approach to simultaneously improve a gummy smile and Class III facial profile. The subject is a 26‐year‐old female presenting with a gummy smile, congenitally missing teeth, an open bite tendency, and a Class III profile with a left‐deviated mandible.

Clinical Considerations

The interdisciplinary treatment included lingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth to improve the gummy smile, facial esthetic bone augmentation (FABA) to enhance facial esthetics, and implant therapy for the missing teeth. Additionally, interdisciplinary treatment objectives and postoperative facial profile predictions were planned using the Dual Incisal Positioning (DIP) method.

Conclusion

The desired facial profile was achieved, with esthetic improvements in both the gummy smile and Class III profile. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach that combines the DIP and FABA methods to address multifaceted dental and facial esthetic challenges.
Growing together, knowing together: Dynamics of interracial parenting of mixed‐race children
Authors: Lengyell Marguerite , Weststrate Nic M.
Published: February 2025

Objective

The purpose of this study was to understand how interracial couples collaboratively describe and make meaning of co‐parenting their mixed‐race children.

Background

Parenting for interracial couples has become more complex as matters related to race have been pushed to the forefront of public discourse. Existing research often focuses on individual parents' retrospective accounts of co‐parenting mixed‐race children, with findings that vary depending on the parent's racial identity and gender. Notably these studies have predominately centered on the experiences of mothers, leaving a gap in understanding the perspectives of fathers and the dynamics between both parents in co‐parenting relationships.

Method

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with six interracial couples in Toronto, Canada, about co‐parenting school‐aged (6–12 years) mixed‐race children. The couples, aged 38–49, were in long‐term relationships (15+ years), married or in common‐law unions, and identified as middle class. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results

Results showed that meanings ascribed to co‐parenting experiences varied across three relationship phases: courtship and early stages of the interracial relationship; becoming parents and early parenting experiences; and co‐parenting school‐aged mixed‐race children. Interactions revealed that navigating the journey of co‐parenting mixed‐race children involved an intricate process of mutual growth for couples. Each stage of the relationship catalyzed deeper understandings and fostered resilient familial bonds.

Conclusion

These findings highlight the unique dynamics of interracial co‐parenting, underscoring the pivotal role of shared learning in shaping familial dynamics ultimately contributing to more inclusive narratives around family and parenting in diverse societies.