bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor, Money, and the “Populist” in Right-Wing Populist Media
Authors: Marinos Martin
Published: May 2024

Where the previous chapters focused on the transformations of media and their impact on the populist Right, this chapter zeros in on the workings of right-wing populist media. Through interviews with professionals who worked for such media and a textual analysis of some of their programs, the chapter explains populist media’s economic underpinnings and performative appeal. The first part of this chapter analyzes the deterioration of the Bulgarian media market and situates the experiences of journalists in Far Right media within this difficult context. The second part explores the financial resources that enable these parties to operate their own media enterprises. The final section interrogates the label “populist” when applied to these media by building on scholarship that emphasizes the performative dimensions of populism.
Controversy in a Nephite Colony
Authors: Spencer Joseph M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter examines the shape of the Book of Mormon’s earliest interaction with Isaiah, its use in the story of the prophet Abinadi. Abinadi defends himself as a proto-Christian prophet before a set of non-Christian priests, with all parties debating the meaning of prophecies in Isaiah 52–53. The priests use Isaiah to solidify the power of the regime they represent, while Abinadi defends a Christological understanding of the prophecies. In particular, Abinadi attaches Isaiah’s words to Christian missionizing of the mystery of the Trinity. The debate between Abinadi and the priests sets the terms for the variety of the Book of Mormon’s treatments of Isaiah, presenting the issue initially as a conflict between strictly Jewish and anticipatorily Christian positions.
Nursing Fathers and Nursing Mothers
Authors: Spencer Joseph M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter opens an examination of the Book of Mormon’s most sustained investigation into Isaiah’s relevance and meaning, that of the nation-founding figure of Nephi. Three passages in particular from the Book of Isaiah appear with regular frequency in Nephi’s writings. Nephi’s first book concludes with reflections on the first of these, Isaiah’s prophecy about the abjection of gentile royalty before Israelites restored to their lands. Nephi attaches the prophecy’s meaning to distinct eras in a way similar to but much more systematic than the Isaian interpretation of the resurrected Christ at the Book of Mormon’s narrative climax. Nephi’s uses of Isaiah thus confirm the millenarian emphasis elsewhere in the Book of Mormon but differ from familiar nineteenth-century ventures like that of Ethan Smith.
The Structure of Nephi’s Record
Authors: Spencer Joseph M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter builds on its predecessor by stepping back to examine the structure of the two books of Nephi within the Book of Mormon, always with an eye to the systematic deployment of Isaiah within those two books. Nephi’s first book bears a subtle but discernible structure organized so as to set the prophecies of Isaiah side by side with an apocalyptic vision native to the Book of Mormon. His second book bears a less subtle but equally important structure organized to privilege a long and systematic engagement with the meaning of Isaiah’s prophecies, again in conversation with the same apocalyptic vision. Seen in full, the structures in Nephi’s writings orient their readers toward a strategy of interpretation the text calls likening.
Analisis Kemampuan Security Incident Response PT XXX dalam Mengelola Insiden Siber
Authors: Anindya Wijayanti Rheva , Christy Natalia Monica
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan studi pustaka terkait analisis kemampuan Security Operations Center (SOC) dalam mengelola insiden siber dimana berdasarkan hasil pemantauan anomali trafik terhadap Indonesia mulai 1 Januari 2021 pukul 00:00:00 hingga 31 Desember 2021 pukul 23:59:59 oleh PT. “XXX” terdapat 1.637.973.022 anomali yang tergolong cukup banyak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi literatur yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan Security Operations Center (SOC) dalam mengelola insiden siber dan menganalisis kendala yang dialami Security Operation Center (SOC) dalam mengelola insiden siber. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan SOC PT. “XXX” dari aspek people, process, dan technology sudah baik namun masih perlu ditingkatkan. Sedangkan jika ditinjau dari proses pengelolaan insiden siber yang masuk sebagai aduan siber, SOC PT. “XXX” menggunakan langkah langkah insiden respon berdasarkan NIST incident response lifecycle dan sudah dilakukan dengan cukup baik. Namun masih terdapat kendala terutama dari komponen people dimana kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang masih kurang sebagai analis SOC dan teknologi yang sudah memadai namun masih kurang jumlahnya untuk cakupan seluruh Indonesia.
Educación para un Sinaloa intercultural
Authors: Ayala Zuñiga José Alonso
Published: May 2024

La educación superior intercultural en México representa un avance significativo en el reconocimiento y valoración de la diversidad cultural del país. Sin embargo, aún queda mucho por hacer para garantizar que todos los grupos culturales tengan acceso a una educación de calidad que respete y promueva sus identidades y cosmovisiones. La educación superior intercultural en México y particularmente en las comunidades mayos yoremes del norte de Sinaloa, tienen un enfoque educativo que busca promover la inclusión y el respeto a la diversidad cultural en el ámbito universitario. Surge como respuesta a la necesidad de reconocer y valorar la riqueza de las culturas indígenas y afrodescendientes del país, así como de garantizar su acceso a una educación de calidad que respete y promueva sus identidades y cosmovisiones. Sin embargo, la educación superior intercultural en México también enfrenta desafíos importantes. Uno de ellos es la falta de recursos y apoyo gubernamental para el desarrollo de programas y proyectos interculturales en las universidades. Además, persisten barreras culturales y sociales que dificultan la inclusión y participación plena de los estudiantes indígenas y afrodescendientes en la educación superior, como la discriminación y el racismo.
Análisis de la seguridad jurídica en el delito de extorsión y cuando el victimario se convierte en víctima en los Centros Penitenciarios debido al Decreto Ejecutivo N° 110 y N° 111
Authors: Velastegui Endara Ricardo Augusto , Pineda Hoyos Galo Xavier , Mosquera Chisa Edwin Fabricio , Chamba Briceño Ignacio David , Portero Arcos Adriana Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo de investigación se centra en el fenómeno social del delito de extorsión, en especial la virtual y la de vacuna (siciliana), que se genera contra los dueños de establecimientos comerciales, así como también de las personas que están cumpliendo una pena en los Centros de Rehabilitación o Penitenciarios. Por un lado, se analizará si la extorsión y la delincuencia organizada motivó a que se emitan los decretos Presidenciales N° 110 y N° 111 emitidos por el Ing. Daniel Noboa Azín, Presidente Constitucional de la República del Ecuador; y, por otro si se vulneraron o no los derechos humanos de los privados de libertad y de los integrantes de los grupos delincuenciales, mediante tortura, tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes, por el actuar de los miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas y Policía Nacional, mediante los estados de excepción, para ello se analizará el Protocolo de Estambul, El Derecho Humanitario Internacional también conocido como derecho de los conflictos armados o derecho de la guerra; y, la Ley de Seguridad Pública y del Estado. Así mismo se examinará si los victimarios se convirtieron o no en víctimas producto de la promulgación de los Decretos Ejecutivos N° 110 y N° 111. Los métodos utilizados son el hermenéutico, analítico, científico y sintético.
Virtual Reality Media for Fun Learning
Authors: Refmidawati
Published: May 2024

Organizations can support and enhance knowledge management methods with the use of technologies. To begin with, it will be simpler to define the terms augmented and virtual reality to comprehend them better. Knowledge management processes can be enhanced and supported by enterprises through the use of artificial intelligence technologies. The study aims to elucidate the present trend in science education involving artificial intelligence and augmented reality. A review of the most recent techniques is carried out by following the recommended reporting items for reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. The development of AI technology is one innovation in educational technology to aid in learning. If technology is used sensibly and appropriately, it can expedite education. The advancement of artificial intelligence technology has the potential to foster greater independence in students. Although the teacher does not need to take on such a prominent role, his duties are outlined in providing clarity through important keywords. Managing student conduct and morale is the cornerstone of education, and it should be the foundation for all technology use by educators.
7 - Disputas de e por espaços político-identitários: o rap e os movimentos sociais em Cabo Verde
Authors: Lima Redy Wilson , Robalo Alexssandro
Published: May 2024

Independent since 1975 and democratic since 1991, Cabo Verde has not escaped the waves of urban protests that plagued African capitals in the second half of the 2000s. Rap, perceived as the new expression of protest by urban youth, consolidates itself in the 2000s as one of the main actors in the Cape Verdean political scene and becomes an important vehicle for mobilizing and building an urban culture of resistance, amplifying these issues. This article, based on an ethnographic research in the cities of Praia (Santiago Island) and Mindelo (São Vicente Island), seeks to answer three questions:

on how rap has shown the identity, social and urban contradictions;
how it has articulated with other types of social movements;
3) what is the place of women in rap and street politics?
3 - The food security concept
Authors: Makombe Godswill
Published: May 2024

The concept of food security appeared in policy forums and documents during the 1970s as a concern largely for developing countries. Today, food security stands centre stage in developing and developed nations. It is a multidimensional concept, which rests on the four pillars of availability, access, utilisation and stability. As our understanding of this complex concept deepens, there are persuasive arguments to add the elements of food agency, food sovereignty and food sustainability, to make it a six-pillar framework. The argument is that this framework better informs policy and global responses to short- and long-term food security challenges. One of the main challenges of the concept of food security is its measurement. This arises due to the fact that there are multiple units of analysis at macro, meso and micro levels. Even the pillars of food security are measured at different scales. This has resulted in the proliferation of hundreds of food security metrics and definitions. The currently accepted definition of food security encapsulates the complexity of the concept but does not assist in developing appropriate metrics. Development projects in Africa that state food security as an objective need to develop relevant food security definitions to guide the assessment of achieving that objective, otherwise measuring its success is reduced to an evaluation of increase in food production—yet we know food security goes beyond production.
7 - Exploring COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana
Authors: Sebeelo Tebogo
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) pandemic has impacted the world in unprecedented ways. To contain the virus, countries across the world had to implement lockdowns and other Covid-19-related protocols, which included physical distancing, frequent handwashing, wearing masks and restricting the movement of people. Although literature on the impact of Covid-19 is emerging, it is still relatively unknown how countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) dealt with lockdowns. Applying nudge theory to three case studies— Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana—this paper explores the viability of Covid-19 lockdowns in SSA. The three cases shed light on the dynamics of Covid-19 lockdowns across different contexts in SSA. The paper argues that lockdowns were not ideal for regions like SSA, which has one of the world’s poorest populations. Nudging people’s behaviour in an effort to protect them from harm should, we submit, consider their socioeconomic context. More importantly, there is a need to decolonise, adapt and domesticate Western- style interventions like Covid-19 lockdowns to suit different situations. To this end, the paper provides some critical insights into the experience of lockdowns with some policy implications for future pandemics on the African continent and other parts of the global South.
AD, Volume 48, n° 4, 2023 - Full Issue
Authors: Journal System
Published: May 2024

Contents 
Guerre et formation de l’État au Sahel
Abdoul Karim Saidou .........................................................................................................1
Corruption and Human Rights: Positioning Judicial Activism as an Anti-corruption Strategy in Kenya
Ngira David Otieno................................................................................................................. 29
The Food Security Concept: Definition, Conceptual Frameworks, Measurement and Operationalisation
Godswill Makombe ......................................................................................................... 53
China in Africa: The Soft Power of Media Development
Najamul Saqib Memon & Imran Ali Sandano .................................................................. 81
Covid-19 Border Policing in Ghana and its Impact on Trans-border Migration and Healthcare in West Africa
Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, Sebastian Paalo & Abdul Karim Issifu ..........................103
The African Diaspora in Times of COVID-19: Tourism and Itinerant Street Vendors on the Southern European Border
Susana Moreno-Maestro ...........................................................................................................................125
Exploring COVID-19 Lockdowns in Nigeria, South Africa and Botswana: Issues, Contexts and Controversies
Tebogo Sebeelo.....................................................................................................................145
Kamala Das: A Dweller with Existential Alienation
Authors: Dr. Dharmendra Kumar Singh and Dr. Reshu Shukla
Published: May 2024

The present paper makes an attempt to examine whether Kamala Das is a dweller with existential alienation or not. This discourse, , first of all, tries to figure out what ‘alienation’ is, what its types are, and what its cause and effect bring chaos in one’s life.  Moreover, how thinkers, categorizing it into various groups, have dealt with it, is also its inevitable part. Secondly, it tries to find out how it (alienation) affects the world literature—chiefly, the Pan-Indian literature—that witnesses its hallmarks on its aura. Thirdly, it endeavours to define ‘existential alienation’ to find and point out its essential characteristics in Indian English literature. To attain its pinnacle, this paper, finally, aims to investigate such traces of existential alienation in Kamala Das’ oeuvres  (be it prose or poetry) that have both a butterfly and tornado effect on her social, psychological, and philosophical life. In doing so, all the possible research methods and approaches—discourse analysis, textual analysis, archival methods, academic, creative, and critical writing, descriptive, explorative, and mixed-method research approaches—are used with hungry eyes for a coveted aftermath.
Functioning and challenges of Juvenile Justice Board
Authors: Dr. Sanjeev Gangwar and Dr. Rajeev Shukla
Published: May 2024

The presented research paper, which is based on the title 'Functioning and Challenges of Juvenile Justice Board', is dedicated to such great personalities in the interest of children's justice who have important interest and role in the field of juvenile justice, hence the book is In order to make the research paper as useful as possible, the model has been adopted, under which an effort has been made to present the procedures of Juvenile Justice in simple language, along with many experienced learned advocates, Juvenile Justice Board Farrukhabad and the Bench - The experiences of the Child Welfare Committee Farrukhabad were specifically shared, in the research paper the general working methods of working in the Juvenile Justice Board along with the challenges faced on its practical side were made aware, and the parallel second unit of the Board, the Bench-Child Along with the practical aspects of the Welfare Committee which plays an important role in the field of care and protection of children, some general information about the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act-2015 was also given place. Knowledge of which is necessary for every person who is involved in the judicial field of juvenile justice in any capacity, whether they are advocates, judicial personnel or police department, it is very important for everyone to have it. In the absence of this, one can do better in juvenile justice. The role cannot be expected.
Community Policing in Bangladesh: An Overview
Authors: Bhaduri Dr. Priyanka
Published: May 2024

Community policing is a proactive policing tactic that is employed by the police of Bangladesh. The primary principle of community policing is to create a harmonious communal life via joint efforts on the part of both the police and the community. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of community policing in Bangladesh in terms of its philosophy, based on secondary data sources. The data were described using descriptive and qualitative methodologies. The study found that many different methods of community policing have been applied in Bangladesh, to date, but that, in its contemporary form, community policing was first deployed in 1990 in Bangladesh’s Mymensing district. Currently, community policing is being practiced in many districts throughout Bangladesh, without any reference to the philosophical aspects of community policing, such as collaboration, organizational reform, and problem-solving. To secure the safety of the community, as well as to maintain order with in, the philosophical component of community policing in Bangladesh should be examined.
Discourse on The River Teesta’s Role in Indo-Bangla Relations: Anxiety and The Way Forward
Authors: D Prof Purushothaman , Stalin Ayadoure S.
Published: May 2024

The River Teesta, a tributary of the Brahmaputra, is a point of discourse within Indo-Bangladesh relations. The dispute, which was supposed to be resolved in 2011, remains unresolved, due to disagreement on both sides. The political parties in Bangladesh have fostered a narrative, which persuaded the current Awami regime to attract China’s investment, which could serve as a reminder to India of the urgent need to resolve the River Teesta dispute. This study discusses how the discursive power fostered in Bangladesh may jeopardize the Indo-Bangla relations. By applying deductive logic based on document analysis, this study argues that India and Bangladesh should hasten to resolve this most vexing River Teesta-sharing issue, thus reducing an irritant at the bilateral level and boosting river water cooperation at a more general level.
Sistem Kontrol Suhu dan Kelembapan Dengan Metode Hysteris Untuk Proses Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos
Authors: Thobroni Mukhammad Thoifuri , Safitri Hari Kurnia , Fitri Fitri
Published: May 2024

Sampah rumah tangga adalah jenis sampah yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan sehari-hari di rumah tangga. Sampah ini terdiri dari berbagai jenis material atau bahan yang tidak lagi dibutuhkan dan tidak dapat digunakan kembali. Sampah rumah tangga biasanya dihasilkan dari kegiatan seperti memasak, makan, membersihkan, dan berbagai aktivitas sehari-hari lainnya. Pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga menjadi perhatian penting karena volume sampah yang dihasilkan oleh rumah tangga biasanya cukup besar dan dapat berdampak negatif pada lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Menurut data SIPSN (Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional) sumber sampah paling besar adalah sampah rumah tangga dengan presentase sebesar 38,2% dan untuk jenis sampah yang paling besar adalah sisa makanan dengan presentase sebesar 40,6%. (SIPSN 2022). Untuk itu akan berfokus pada pembuatan suatu alat yang dapat memproses sampah organik untuk menjadi pupuk kompos dimulai dari proses pencacahan sampah,pencapuran tanah dengan sampah higga proses menjadi pupuk kompos siap pakai. Prinsip kerja alat ini terdapat alat pengaduk yang di atur menggunakan RTC dan digerakkan oleh motor yang berfungsi untuk mengaduk media kompos agar merata, kemudian terdapat sensor suhu yang menggunakan metode histeris yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol suhu dan blower, serta sensor kelembapan yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol kadar kelembapan media pupuk dan keluaran air. Dengan menggunakan alat ini proses pembuatan pupuk kompos menjadi lebih cepat selama 21 hari daripada proses tanpa kontrol yang membutuhkan waktu 30 – 40 hari.
Pengaruh Komik Sebagai Media Promosi Kesehatan Terdahap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Luthfiana Nur
Published: May 2024

Comics is one of the learning media that has many advantages, and close indentik with children. Comics also has the potential to be a health promotion media because the comics are assessed to increase the knowledge of readers. Many researchers have built and comic effectiveness as a health promotion promotion. This article was prepared using literature study. The purpose of writing this article is to summarize the findings and evidence that have been produced by researchers who have conducted research on the influence of comics on improving the health knowledge of elementary school students. Electronic databases are used as the main source of searches with the keywords "comics", "health promotion media", "counseling", "knowledge enhancement" and "primary school". With inclusion criteria that have been established to select research articles. Obtained 41 articles in the first stage of article selection, then obtained 14 articles in the second stage, and 10 articles on hold the third, then the 10 articles will be written the results and conclusions.
Amphibious and Aquatic Warfare in Mesoamerica
Authors: Vázquez Mariana Favila
Published: May 2024

In chapter 2, “Amphibious and Aquatic Warfare in Mesoamerica: Conquest by Water and Land,” Favila Vázquez documents how, prior to the arrival of the Spanish, Mesoamericans engaged in violent encounters that occurred in different ritual, social, and political contexts. Although there are many approaches to the study of Mesoamerican warfare, our understanding of the nature of Pre-Hispanic battles remains limited. One of the topics which needs further exploration is how combat took place in aquatic environments including the ocean and fresh water systems. Evidence suggests that nautical warfare synergistically occurred with terrestrial warfare. This chapter explores how the development of watercraft emerged in relation to other technological innovations associated to terrestrial and nautical combat. This investigation analyzes wars and conflicts in three representative Mesoamerican societies: Maya, Mexica, and Mixtec. These cases clearly illustrate that their war strategies included both aquatic and terrestrial environments. As a result, lacustrine, maritime, and terrestrial areas became part of unified political territories. Therefore, these appropriated nautical regions were considered part of a connected system which integrated the Mesoamerican political landscape. This network served as an important route of conquest by both Pre-Hispanic polities as well as Spanish Conquistadors.
Want to Be a Citizen Scientist?
Authors: Viduka Andy
Published: May 2024

Gathering Information via Recreational and Technical (GIRT) Scientific Divers is a maritime archaeological conservation-focused citizen science program that commenced in mid-2018 in South Australia. GIRT enables systematic, robust data collection by members of the public and aims to give them a legitimate role in underwater cultural heritage management activities for the benefit of heritage preservation, the divers, and the public good. This chapter outlines the GIRT alignment with Australia’s adopted European principles of citizen science, the andragogical approach to training, and associated strategies to create an engaged research community and survey methodology. The chapter also includes a selection of case studies as well as anecdotal reports from cultural resource managers and participants in Australia and New Zealand to demonstrate the power of GIRT in engaging the public and delivering positive outcomes for heritage monitoring and protection. Early indications show that GIRT members are acquiring and sharing data that can inform science-based decision-making by underwater cultural heritage managers.
STAMP
Authors: Burkhard Austin L.
Published: May 2024

This chapter describes the development of Florida’s Shipwreck Tagging Archaeological Management Program (STAMP), a unique citizen science program designed to monitor shipwreck sites and disarticulated timbers. Historically, Florida’s coastal regions have been some of the most treacherous navigable waterways for mariners due to high wave turbidity, oceanic currents, and meteorological phenomena. As a result, thousands of ships have ultimately met their demise along Florida coasts. The Florida Public Archaeological Network (FPAN) began STAMP in 2019 to utilize citizen scientists to assist archaeologists in tracking the movement and degradation these sites and materials. The program, partnering with the National Park Service at Gulf Islands National Seashore, collects data for the continued enhancement of public archaeological programs, heritage resources management, and public engagement.
Circulating Culture
Authors: Cearns Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Despite decades of diplomatic hostilities and economic sanctions, the border between Cuba and the United States—arguably one of the most politicized in the world—is in a state of constant flux. Tracing the flows of people, material items, and digital content between Havana and Miami, as well as between Cuba and Panama, Guyana, and Mexico, Circulating Culture explores how and why these circuits are a part of everyday life for millions of Cubans who negotiate extraordinary circumstances daily. Drawing on extensive ethnographic research in these locations, Jennifer Cearns highlights groups of Cuban society that are often overlooked, considering what Cuban culture and identity mean in a transnational setting. Weaving evocative vignettes into her discussion of these larger questions, Cearns pieces together the story of the creators of an emerging and dynamic network that punctures geopolitical boundaries and has outlasted a period of rapid social change—from the Obama administration through the death of Fidel Castro and into the Trump administration. Ultimately, by focusing on everyday objects and the strategies used to move them across borders, this book reveals how new cultural forms can develop from the cracks in societies often seen as “broken.” It demonstrates the worldmaking of marginalized Cuban communities who have long been building their own infrastructures of possibility.
The “Mula Ring”
Authors: Cearns Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Chapter 3 addresses how items that arrive in Cuba, through various informal means, constitute a larger informal network of material circulation, which is the primary means by which most Cubans on the island directly or indirectly acquire material goods. The chapter positions these informal networks in their totality as the “Mula Ring”, drawing analogies with Malinowski’s infamous Kula Ring, to reveal how mulas (mules) are involved in expanding networks of circulation and exchange, which create new social hierarchies and cultural vernaculars. The chapter follows several mulas as they travel between Cuba and various destinations to acquire items, and addresses how this emerging network in turn draws upon the gendered spheres of everyday life. The chapter also examines the way traders mobilize social networks to acquire and expand their own prestige, personhood, and wealth, thus using both local and transnational circulation networks to travel beyond their own social worlds physically and symbolically.
The “e-Mula Ring”
Authors: Cearns Jennifer
Published: May 2024

Chapter 4 turns to the digital, which in Cuba is particularly material in its everyday manifestation due to reliance upon material infrastructure to circumvent state restrictions on some aspects of digital access. The chapter charts the rise of Cuba’s largest digital network of circulation—el paquete (“the package”)—to show how new hierarchies of power and ownership are emerging on the island and in the diaspora. The chapter considers how, through digital media, Cubans envisage themselves as connected to larger social worlds, and introduces the concept of the “e-Mula Ring,” whereby Cuban cultural products are circulated and exported from the island to the diaspora as migrants seek out connections with their homeland. In parallel to the Mula Ring described in chapter 3, this digital public sphere offers some Cubans the opportunity to expand their prestige and personhood beyond the constrictions of their immediate surroundings.
Pre-Columbian Lifeways at Three Estuarine and Two Platform Island Sites in Pacific Panama
Authors: Isaza-Aizpurúa Ilean , Jiménez-Acosta Máximo , Smith-Guzmán Nicole E. , Sharpe Ashley , Martín Juan G. , Cooke Richard G.
Published: May 2024

Tourist brochures inform visitors that “Panamá” meant “abundance of fish” to the original inhabitants. This is hardly surprising on a narrow isthmus bathed by two contrasting oceans. Coastal and riverine resources played a fundamental role in the diet and economy of native isthmian cultures as perceived from archaeological evidence and ethnohistoric accounts. This chapter focuses on the protracted pre-Columbian fishing strategies and preferences along the Pacific coast and on continental (platform) islands. Owing to high tidal ranges and the discharge of sizeable rivers, some estuarine flats on the Pacific mainland are extensive. Seasonal upwelling triggered by strong offshore trade winds lowers sea surface temperatures in Panama Bay which enhances the abundance of small shoaling fish (e.g., anchovies) and their avian and nektonic predators. The authors make use of several analytical methods to provide a chronological and regional synthesis of pre-Columbian coastal and island lifeways in Pacific Panama from ca 8000 BP to 1520 CE.
Pre-Hispanic Subsistence Strategies on the Central and Southern Coast of Ecuador
Authors: Porras Juan Andrés Jijón , Navarro Carlos Gonzalo Pacheco , Ochoa Marcos Octavio Labrada
Published: May 2024

The Pacific coast of Ecuador, occupied for more than 10,000 years, presents an exuberant amount of resources for human subsistence. Over the centuries, the different societies that populated this vast territory devised various strategies for the exploitation of marine resources, differentiated by the distinct levels of social organization linked to adaptation to the ecological niches. The climatic instability caused by intense rains and long droughts forced these societies, in the past, to create management capacities and obtain resources in a sustainable way, activities that continue to this day. Ligüiqui, a fishing community, and Puná Island, both located on the central coast of Ecuador, are two spaces that witness these subsistence practices through obtaining marine resources since immemorial times. Located in one of the largest gulfs in the South American Pacific, Guayaquil, this cultural area is explored in this chapter to understand the longue durée processes linked to the sea thanks to an approach combining maritime archaeology and anthropology.
Unraveling Animal Sacrifice and Taphonomy
Authors: Capriles José M. , Delaere Christophe , España Velia V. Mendoza
Published: May 2024

The Lake Titicaca Basin was the setting for the emergence of complex societies such as the Tiwanaku state (AD 500-1150) and as such is one of the most investigated regions in the world, yet its underwater heritage has seen very limited research. In this chapter, we present the results of the taxonomic, anatomic, and taphonomic identification analyses of the archaeofaunal remains recovered from the underwater Khoa Reef, located in Lake Titicaca, Bolivia. As a result, we report the remains of sacrificed camelids and Spondylus artifacts deposited as offerings to the lake as well as fish, frogs, and aquatic birds remains likely deposited naturally. The variability associated with the behavioral and taphonomic histories of the faunal remains suggests the importance of underwater sites for reconstructing socio-ecological dynamics over time.
Three-Beam Models from the Coast of the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile
Authors: Ballester Benjamín , Lemaitre Serge , Sepúlveda Marcela , Tilleux Caroline
Published: May 2024

The chapter presents the first direct radiocarbon dating of the popular three-masted balsa miniatures used in the Central South Andean coast during pre-Columbian times, from materials from museum collections in Chile and Europe. The results allow us to define the precise chronology of these miniatures and to discuss whether the life-size models of these miniatures were in fact used to navigate these coasts. The conclusion proposes to understand these objects as miniatures, and as such, as representations that do not necessarily reflect past realities in a direct way.
Archaeological Research of the El Ángel and 40 Cañones Sites in Banco Chinchorro, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Márquez Laura Carrillo , Ciarlo Nicolás C. , Villalobos Andrés Zuccolotto , Torres Josué Guzmán
Published: May 2024

The study of the submerged cultural heritage located in the Chinchorro Bank Biosphere Reserve has allowed sketching the panorama of navigation in this area of the Mexican Caribbean between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. The documentary sources and archaeological evidence refer to maritime activities from the time of exploration and conquest to the present day, reflecting, in turn, the technological development in shipbuilding and other socio-cultural aspects linked to the nautical technology field. Remains of sailboats, steamboats, and contemporary freighters, as well as sites made up of isolated objects, comprise the 70 contexts of the archaeological inventory of Chinchorro. These sites also constitute an ideal substrate for the development of reef formations, creating inseparable landscapes. In this chapter, we present an overview of the maritime archaeology project and its advances. As case studies, the documentation, research, and conservation of the El Ángel and 40 Cañones shipwrecks are addressed.
Revisiting the Archaeology of the Harbor of Cananéia in São Paulo in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Authors: de Camargo Paulo Fernando Bava
Published: May 2024

The chapter discusses the nineteenth- and twentieth-century harbor sites in Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil, a period when the capitalist economy was introduced in the region. From the mid-nineteenth century until 1950, the harbors experienced a subtle but significant physical transformation that expressed the economic and political changes derived from Brazil’s modernization. These underwater and coastal archaeological contexts–one stone wharf, a wreck site of a paddlewheel steamship, and two shipyards – have been delimitated with mapping, registering, and extensive surveying using an approximation to C. Westerdahl’s methodology and the reflection of J. Herrera and M. Chapanoff. This approach is especially important because it includes not only the analysis of ruined, abandoned, and buried remains as archaeological resources but also meanings, beliefs, land/seascapes, structures, equipment, and buildings that are still present in the current social context as active elements. The result of the research was the understanding that two main changes have transformed the economic dynamics of the region: the transition from the boat building and commercial agriculture to industrial fishing and tourism, and the substitution of maritime transportation, first by multi-modal river navigation and railroad, and then by road transportation.
Sources for Analyzing the Social and Economic Contexts of the Diaspora on the Coromandel Coast
Authors: Selvakumar V. , Hauser Mark William
Published: May 2024

Terms such as bonded labor, enslaved labor, and indentured labor are sometimes used interchangeably to describe the variety of conditions in which marginalized workers found themselves on the Coromandel Coast between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. While this might be an issue of analytical precision, it is also an issue of the many linguistic and material sources of evidence used to describe labor in Tamil Nadu. This chapter explores the varied sources—archaeological, archival, and literary—that inform the context in which members of the South Indian diaspora migrated, either through their own volition or otherwise, to varied ports in the Indian Ocean. Taking the Coromandel Coast as its focus of study, this chapter makes three interrelated points: 1) South Indian commercial agricultural and rural industry—such as rice cultivation and textile weaving—played a dynamic role in the political and commercial activities of the Indian Ocean region; 2) there is an archaeological record that documents the long-term contexts and conditions for indenture contracts in the nineteenth century; 3) sources comparable to those used in the historical archaeology of the Atlantic provide a limited view into the contexts of diasporic communities.
Commentary
Authors: Kusimba Chapurukha M.
Published: May 2024

This chapter comments on this volume with special attention paid to how authors intersect in their discussions surrounding archaeology and globalization on the Swahili coast. Chapters in this volume either implicitly or explicitly root the archaeological record of Modern Worlds in earlier medieval interactions as a product of local, regional, and international trade networks. Providing an inclusive analytical framework, this comment provides a long-term narrative of specialized herding and agriculture alongside the rise of urbanism at local, regional, and extra-regional levels. Like many locations in the Indian Ocean World, emergent elite, especially trade intermediaries, took advantage of their strategic location to consolidate power in the distributive networks of an increasingly globalized world. The influences of this international trade are still visible today and are clearly outlined in the individual chapters of this volume.
Cosmonaut
Authors: Lewis Cathleen S.
Published: May 2024

In this book, Cathleen Lewis discusses how the public image of the Soviet cosmonaut developed beginning in the 1950s and the ways this icon has been reinterpreted throughout the years and in contemporary Russia. Compiling material and cultural representations of the cosmonaut program, Lewis provides a new perspective on the story of Soviet spaceflight, highlighting how the government has celebrated figures such as Yuri Gagarin and Valentina Tereshkova through newspapers, radio, parades, monuments, museums, films, and even postage stamps and lapel pins.
Lewis’s analysis shows that during the Space Race, Nikita Khrushchev mobilized cosmonaut stories and images to symbolize the forward-looking Soviet state and distract from the costs of the Cold War. Public perceptions shifted after the first Soviet spaceflight fatality and failure to reach the Moon, yet cosmonaut imagery was still effective propaganda, evolving through the USSR’s collapse in 1991 and seen today in Vladimir Putin’s government cooperation for a film on the 1985 rescue of the Salyut 7 space station. Looking closely at the process through which Russians continue to reexamine their past, Lewis argues that the cultural memory of spaceflight remains especially potent among other collective Soviet memories.
A Removal and Three Deaths
Authors: Lewis Cathleen S.
Published: May 2024

By the 1960s, the tight-knit and secretive organization that had orchestrated the Soviet space program had begun to crumble in full-view of the world. It was not only because the USSR had lost its moon race that Soviet control over the Red Stuff was faltering. Instead, four events between October 1964 and March 1968 shook national confidence in the Red Stuff and loosened the grip that the Soviet state had on its interpretation. They also had effects on the engineers and technicians who made the Space Race possible. The ouster of Nikita Khrushchev, the death of Sergei Korolev, the death of Vladimir Komarov in the first spaceflight fatality in 1967, and the death of Yuri Gagarin all conveyed that the USSR had fallen behind the US in the propaganda war of the Space Race. Therefore, this chapter focuses on a period of three and a half years in the Soviet space program that marked the end of the public perception of easy victories for the Soviet space establishment.
Death and Rebirth in African Vodún and Haitian Vodou
Authors: Charlier Philippe
Published: May 2024

Philippe Charlier is a medical doctor, PhD, and writer who has exhumed and analyzed the reported remains of several historical figures. Charlier writes about his education and upbringing in France, his teaching in Africa, his work with the remains of the dead, and his initiation as a priest in African Vodun, to the deity Sakpata, in Benin.
Practicing Ifá in Tokyo
Authors: Koshikawa Yoshiaki
Published: May 2024

Yoshiaki Koshikawa was born in 1952, shortly after the war, in a fishing town—Chiba, Japan. Koshikawa writes about his upbringing in a traditional large farming family and his family attending to both Buddhist and Shinto altars. Koshikawa visited Cuba for research and became initiated as a babalawo, a priest of Ifá divination in the Afro-Cuban religious system. Koshikawa writes about creating an orisha-worshipping community in Tokyo, where he resides
On Seeking Guidance
Authors: Rainey Eugenia
Published: May 2024

Eugenia Rainey grew up in suburban Maryland and found the Lucumí orisha religion through her brother, who had read a book and traced a priest named in it. Her first contact was during her high school years when her parents took her to Chicago (where her brother lived at the time) to visit and look at colleges. While there, Eugenia’s brother insisted that they attend a spiritist misa (Kardecian spiritual mass). Eugenia’s parents were not pleased, but while there, Eugenia’s deceased grandfather communicated with her through the séance. He also did so when she toured the University of Chicago campus. Through messages, her late grandfather told Eugenia to go forward with her initiatory godfather’s orisha temple “this is you,” he said to her. She agreed to her grandfather’s suggestion, provided he assist her admission to the University of Chicago, allowing her to take up residence in the city. Eugenia is a PhD student in anthropology at Tulane University and has been a priestess of Yemayá since 1997. Her husband and two of her four children are also initiated priests. The family maintains a small temple in New Orleans.
The Powers of Reflection and The Myth of the Given Mode of Presentation
Authors: Corti Luca
Published: May 2024

This article discusses the way Matthew Boyle conceives of "reflection", a notion situated at the very heart of his philosophical project. After surveying how Boyle defines the notion and its function through the conceptual articulation of certain aspects "implicit" in our mental states, I highlight some issues that emerge from this approach. These issues stem from how Boyle thinks about the relationship of reflexive dependence between the domain of implicitness and its conceptual articulation provided through reflection. For Boyle, reflection “simply” abstracts certain features of the modes of presentation, which are always implicitly given. This, however, generates what I call the “myth of the given motion of presentation,” which I try to illustrate and problematize.
Relevanz und Kontext
Authors: Wieczorek Adrian
Published: May 2024

The article aims to recognize Heidegger’s late phenomenology of language as a situational ontology. It is shown that this approach is motivated by a hitherto unnoticed problem of relevance that goes beyond the traditional frame problem. The problem of relevance is introduced and presented as a novel key to make sense of Heidegger’s concept of language as the “showing” of an involving context. It is demonstrated how both representational and pragmatic-enactive models of language give rise to the problem. Finally, Heidegger’s radical situational approach to language and thinghood is classified as a variant of realism that can be called “Involving Realism” which is contrasted critically against other contemporary forms of Realism such as Enactive Realism or New Realism.
Self-Consciousness, Transparency, and Privacy
Authors: Haddock Adrian
Published: May 2024

In his essay “Transparency, Self-Consciousness, and Reflection”, and in his book Transparency and Reflection, Boyle develops a solution to the problem of transparency according to which answers to suitable questions about the mind merely make explicit what is implicit in the modes of presentation contained in answers to associated questions about the world. Central both to this solution, and to Boyle’s solution to a related problem (“the anti-egoist challenge”), is the idea that an answer to a question about the world contains a mode of presentation which itself contains “an implicit reference to [the] subject” whose answer it is – a first-person reference which is made explicit by the answer to the associated question about the mind. I suggest that this idea exposes Boyle’s solution to a pitfall. For his solution to succeed, the relevant first-person reference needs to consist in a mode of presentation of the subject; but if this mode of presentation meets the standard Fregean specification, then it is private – and, as such, so is the mode of presentation in which it is contained: the privacy will spread, beyond the answers to the questions about the mind, to the answers to the associated questions about the world.
Bernardo Bertolucci and 1900
Authors: Peary Gerald
Published: May 2024

This chapter is an interview with the Italian filmmaker, Bernardo Bertolucci, discussing his film, 1900, at the New York Film Festival. Bertolucci alludes to his quarrels with Paramount Pictures about the unwieldy length of his epic drama, and about his choice to cast American movie stars like Robert De Niro and Burt Lancaster as turn-of-the-century Italians. He talks of the rampant sexuality of his new film and also about objections of feminists to his previous work, The Last Tango in Paris. He speaks of his attempts to secure an “R” rating instead of an “X” for his film, 1900, and of his being a proud member of the Italian Communist Party.
Pell Mel Brooks … and He Is Mild
Authors: Peary Gerald
Published: May 2024

This chapter features an interview with American comic director Mel Brooks about his film, High Anxiety. He describes how he insists on seriousness on his movie sets, even with so many comedians in each cast. No visitors are allowed during the shooting. Before the shoot, Brooks polls his staff and close friends for which of his jokes are good enough to remain in a screenplay. He speaks of his worries that Alfred Hitchcock would scorn High Anxiety, which is a comic parody of Hitchcock cinema. But Hitchcock approved, and even suggested some humorous ideas for what should be included in the film. Brooks ponders a question whether there is real social criticism in his movies but decides that the only thing ultimately important is making audiences laugh.