bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19 NO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Antonio Marcos Rodrigues , Da Costa Camila Fernandes , Da Costa Daniel Ramos , Da Camara Isabela Cristina , Magalhães Isabella Brum de Mattos , Campos Letícia Bonfim , Teixeira Paula Coimbra Garcia , De Vargas Junior Valdemir Custodio , Santos Eidy De Oliveira
Published: October 2021

A pandemia causada por Covid-19 tem sido o maior problema de saúde pública mundial deste século. No final de dezembro do ano de 2019 muitos casos de pneumonia foram notificados na China, sendo posteriormente identificado que as infecções eram causadas por um novo Coronavírus, SARS-CoV-2, e a doença foi nomeada COVID-19. Por se tratar de uma doença transmitida por gotículas respiratórias, rapidamente a COVID-19 foi alcançando proporções mundiais alarmantes, resultando na confirmação de uma pandemia pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Para conter o avanço da doença medidas de proteção foram adotadas, como a higienização regular das mãos e o uso de máscaras de pano caseiras, assim como, medidas restritivas que incluem o distanciamento/isolamento social, fechamento de escolas e proibição de eventos com aglomerações. Por conta do isolamento social e o tempo prolongado da pandemia muitos casos de deterioração da saúde mental foram sendo reportados na sociedade mundial, tal como em profissionais da saúde que estão mais expostos à doença. Com o avanço acelerado da pandemia muitos casos de animais contaminados com COVID-19 foram sendo registrados em diferentes países e muito se discute sobre a participação dos animais na transmissão da doença. Com um tratamento farmacológico ainda inexistente, as atenções científicas mundiais foram voltadas para a produção de vacinas para conter o avanço da doença. Muitas empresas desenvolveram de forma simultânea diferentes vacinas e alguns países já iniciaram seus programas de vacinação, no entanto, comparado com outros países, o Brasil ainda está muito atrasado com a cobertura de vacinação contra a COVID-19.
A FICÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Chimes Fabiana Gama , Vieira Valéria Da Silva
Published: October 2021

A ciência pode ser considerada uma construção humana, histórica e que está sempre em transformação, e assim deve ser incorporada ao processo ensino-aprendizagem. Dessa forma, se faz necessário buscar diferentes métodos de ensino que aproximem os aprendizes ao mundo científico, despertando o processo de apropriação e aprimoramento do conhecimento. O uso de filmes pode uma efetiva ferramenta de ensino para apropriação do conhecimento científico, facilitando de forma lúdica as situações de troca, estabelecendo relações entre o estudo científico e a realidade.  O presente trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar uma temática apresentada por filmes comerciais como ferramenta de aprendizagem significativa no ensino de ciências. Assim como, tem como objetivos específicos analisar os filmes “Jurassic Park – O Parque dos Dinossauros” e “Jurassic World – O mundo dos Dinossauros”, para identificar possíveis conteúdos do ensino de ciências; realizar análise crítica dos conteúdos identificados para compreensão correta dos conceitos Biológicos e construir um catálogo descritivo, para a utilização desses filmes de ficção científica como possíveis organizadores prévios no ensino de disciplinas afins. A metodologia possui uma abordagem qualitativa, analisando os filmes por uma abordagem descritiva para compreender como os conceitos cinematográficos podem estar presentes no ensino de ciências. Os resultados da análise descritiva, da sequência de filmes Jurassic Park/World, levaram a criação de um catálogo que poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta de aprendizagem, abordando áreas presentes na matriz curricular do Ensino Médio. Conclui-se que este trabalho obteve resultados suficientes para sugerir a utilização de filmes comerciais como organizadores prévios. Contudo é importante ressaltar que o professor precisa identificar o direcionamento dessas mídias para o entretenimento, sabendo extrair delas fragmentos que poderão ser aproveitados em uma aprendizagem significativa no ensino de ciências.
Palavras-chave: Genética; Ensino de ciências; Organizadores prévios; Filmes de ficção científica.
Authors: Costa Luciana , Castro Helena M.A. , Franco Raphaela S. , Santos Roberta Trovão , Torquato Ezaine C.C. , Marques Mônica R.C.
Published: October 2021

Biocidal polymers, dithiocarbamate resins, glycidyl methacrylate copolymers, porous polymers
Long-term results of treatment of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Krylov V. V. , Gekht A. B. , Trifonov I. S. , Kordonskaya O. O. , Sinkin M. V.
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study wasto evaluate the long-term results ofsurgicaltreatment of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy was performed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 patients were selected for the study. Group 1 contained 49 operated patients with MR-positive epilepsy and Group 2 contained 47 operated patients with MR-ne‑ gative epilepsy. The control group consisted of 53 unoperated patients. The outcomes ofsurgical treatment were assessed after 6, 12, and 24 months. Results. Unfavorable outcomes occurred more frequently among nonoperated patients compared to both surgical groups (p <0.001). The probability of the 2-year remission after surgery in operated MRI positive patients was 60 %, in MRI negative group was 45 %, and in conservative group – only 2 %. The mean duration of the seizures-free period was greatest̆in the MRI positive surgical group (15.4 ± 1.5 months), and shortest in the control group (3.3 ± 0.9 months).

Conclusion. The presented results prove the effectiveness and safety of surgical treatment of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Features of intraoperative neuromonitoring of the supplementary motor area of the brain. Literature review and case report
Authors: Kanshina D. S. , Podgurskaya M. G. , Yakovleva D. V. , Malysheva O. V. , Chemodakova K. A. , Zuev A. A.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome is a symptom complex resulting from damage to the premotor cortex and it’s subcortical projection. There is no generally accepted protocol for functional mapping of SMA during neurosurgical intervention in this area.

The objective of the publication is to present a review of the literature and clinical cases from practice that describes the treatment of two patients with glioblastomas in the posterior regions of the superior frontal gyrus with IOM. Given the localization of the tumor in the dominant hemisphere, one operation was performed with awakening, the other according to the protocol of total intravenous anesthesia with mapping of only motor representative areas.

Clinical cases. In both cases, during intraoperative direct electrical stimulation of the cortex subjected to resection, evoked motor responses were not recorded. The modalities used made it possible to continuously evaluate the viability of the cortico‑spinal tract. During the surgery with awakening, episodes of an instantaneous termination of the initia‑ tion of speech and counter directional movements in the arm were recorded – in the subcortical projection of the SMA at a current strength of 1–2 mA. Both patients in the early postoperative period showed the development of a gross transient neurological deficit in the form of hemiparesis and sensorimotor aphasia, which was a manifestation of pos‑ tresection SMA syndrome. During the follow‑up (control) examination 6–7 months after the operation, the following was observed in the clinical picture: mild hemiparesis up to 4–5 points, impaired bimanual coordination; difficulty the ini‑ tiation of speech spontaneous speech.

Conclusion. When mapping the cortex and subcortical structures, the localization of SMA can be assumed in the event of a negative motor response of the cerebral cortex using the protocol of low‑frequency 1 Hz stimulation under EcoG control. Standardization of the SMA mapping protocol would be useful in clinical practice for determining the bounda
Türk Yapım Şirketlerinin Görsel Kimlik Bağlamında İncelenmesi: BKM Örneği
Authors: AYTEKİN Mesut , SİLSÜPÜR Özer
Published: October 2021

Görsel kimlik, kurumların tanınması ve farklılaşması için çeşitli tasarım öğelerinin bir bütün halinde değerlendirilmesi gereken çalışmalardır ve logo da bu öğelerden biridir. Logo, kurumların diğer kurumlardan görsel açıdan ayırt edilmesine yarayan, kurumu hedef kitleye görsel olarak tanıtan ve hedef kitleyle duygusal bağ kurulmasına yardımcı olan önemli bir görsel kimlik aracıdır. Logolar, markaların güçlü oldukları yönleri vurgulayan ve markaların tanınmasında etkili olan özel tasarım ürünleridir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de tiyatro ve sinema alanında birçok projenin gerçekleşmesine, sanatın-kültürel hayatın gelişmesine katkı sağlayan, sinema alanında son yıllarda en çok film üreten ve hasılat elde eden yapım şirketi olan Beşiktaş Kültür Merkezi’nin (BKM) kurumsal logosu, görsel kimlik açısından 01.05.2021-15.05.2021 tarihleri arasında analiz edilmiş, BKM’nin logosunu nasıl kullandığı, şekillendirdiği, logonun çağrışımları ve markaya katkısı logonun temel öğeleri bağlamında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda BKM logosunun, gerek tipografi gerek renk kullanımı ve gerek uygulama alanları bağlamında üzerinde düşünülmüş profesyonel bir çalışma ürünü olduğu saptanmıştır. BKM logosu görsel kimliği tamamlayıcı, markayı ön plana çıkartan ve her yerde temsil edebilecek bir tasarıma sahiptir. BKM logosu, Türk yapım şirketlerinin görsel kimlik çalışmalarında örnek alması gereken bir kurumsal kimlik materyali olarak dikkat çekmekte, görsel temsiliyet bağlamında sorunlar yaşayan yapım şirketleri için önemli çözüm önerileri sunmaktadır.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF MONITORING THE INFORMATION SPACE USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Lukiyanchuk A. , Storubliov O.
Published: October 2021

Growing opportunities for the use of modern geographic information technologies in the military sphere force us to reconsider traditional approaches to the use of tools and methods for analyzing existing information and analytical materials to improve the efficiency of information activities in accordance with the competence of the MOU and the Armed Forces. At the same time, the growing intensity of the dynamics of peacetime and armed struggle (conflicts) implies the presence and circulation of a large amount of information that requires processing, storage, transmission to consumers, which makes it impossible for human operator (analyst) to make an informed decision. Under these circumstances, there is a need to use modern geographic information systems aimed at supporting decision-making in conditions of limited, temporal and spatial parameters. Changes in the content of passive intelligence are associated with the use of geographic information systems (GIS), which combine the collection, processing of information about the area with hydrometeorological, operational and tactical, intelligence and other information, which provides qualitative analysis and modeling of the most rational solutions. in the interests of armed struggle. The constant increase in the amount of information required and the reduction of decision-making time determine the urgency of the problem, to solve which it is necessary to develop geographic information systems and use them in planning and managing combat operations of units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. One of the tasks of passive remote reconnaissance is to identify the coordinates of the enemy. In the future, these coordinates must be presented in a user-friendly form. This is achieved through the creation of military information systems for various purposes, an important component of which are the means of processing digital information about the area in conjunction with various data about the enemy and their troops. It is possible to solve such problems with the use of passive remote reconnaissance systems based on reconnaissance and signaling devices. Based on the analysis of existing RSPs for the effective solution of such problems, one of the possible options is the use of seismic acoustic systems. The operation of seismic systems is based on the detection of the presence in the environment of propagation (surface layer of the earth) of seismic waves that occur during the movement of the intruder in the observation area using seismic sensors and (air, liquids or solids) acoustic waves using acoustic sensors. The use of passive remote reconnaissance based on seismic monitoring together with geographic information systems will eliminate the human factor (errors), reduce human costs, reduce time costs for data processing, and store the information in GIS databases, which is relevant to this topic. The use of geographic information systems will eliminate personnel losses.
Preparing Educators for Inclusive Bilingual Education: A Boundary Crossing Laboratory Between Professional Groups
Authors: Martínez-Álvarez P. , López-Velásquez A. , Kajamaa A.
Published: October 2021

Teacher education programs prepare candidates for bilingual, English as a second language, or special ed¬ucation as separate professionals. This creates challenges when teaching bilingual children with disabilities. There is a need to cross boundaries combining expertise and preparing teachers for children’s uniqueness. Re¬sponding to this need, the researchers organized a change laboratory with 14 professors and two State Depart¬ment of Education consultants. The study explored boundary expressions and their relationship to the larger activity. It also looked at the learning that took place during boundary crossing efforts. Boundaries were identi¬fied around bilingual teacher preparation, cross-disciplinary programmatic, and paradigmatic aspects. While boundary crossing at the intrapersonal level and at the interpersonal level were important, the need to engage multiple institutions was centered. In addition, the discussion manifested that for inclusive bilingual education teacher preparation, there was a need to go beyond the institutional level to reach to policy makers and address the sociopolitical resistance against bilingual education. Throughout the study, participants engaged primarily in the epistemic learning actions of analyzing and modeling. Through volitional actions, the participants real¬ized a renewed object for their activity. This study widens the understanding of possibilities for taking shared educational responsibility through boundary crossing between professionals in preparation programs.
Age Dynamics of Social Situation of Development in Elementary School Students in Inclusive Education
Authors: Yudina T.A. , Alekhina S.V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents results of an empirical study of the age dynamics of the social situation of develop¬ment in primary school students in inclusive education. The study sample consisted of 328 children aged from 7 to 11, including 18 children with SEN, studying in two inclusive schools in Moscow. The hypothesis of the study was that the characteristics of the objective and subjective aspects of the social situation of chil¬dren’s development change in accordance with the two phases of primary school age. The characteristics of the social situation of the development of children were measured using the “Sociometry” method and two projective methods: “Color Test of Relationship” and “Sentence Completion Test”. The age dynamics is ob¬served in changes in the social position and the system of orienting images of primary school students. The significant differences between the distribution of sociometric statuses of students in inclusive classes and the age standard obtained in the conditions of traditional education were found. The results of the study reveal the specificity of elementary school students’ development in conditions of inclusive education.
Energy and nutritional inadequacies in a group of recreational adult Spanish climbers
Authors: Úbeda Natalia , Lorenzo-Carvacho Carlota , García-González Ángela
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Although nutrition is determinant in the performance of athletes, few publications on this topic are available for climbers. Objectives: To measure body composition and dietary intake in a group of recreational Spanish climbers. Material and method: For body composition data we performed the measurements included in the ISAK anthropometric restricted- profile. Daily dietary intake was self-recorded on 3 days of the week: a non-climbing day, a climbing-gym training day and a rock- climbing day. Results were compared to Spanish nutritional recommendations. Results: 61 climbers (44 men, 17 women), aged 34 ± 8 years, volunteered. Body fat % was 8.1 ± 1.5% in men and 15.7 ± 3.0% in women. A negative correlation was found between body fat % and climbing ability (P<0.0005). Intake of energy and carbohydrates was 40% below estimated targets and that of proteins was 20-25% below. Moreover, macronutrient contribution to energy was unbalanced (protein: fat: CHO: alcohol was 17: 38: 42: 3%). We observed an elevated intake of SFA and sugars and low consumption of MUFA and fiber. Micronutrient intakes were acceptable except for iodine, zinc and vitamin D in both genders and iron and folate in women. Mean Adequacy Ratio of diet was higher in advanced/elite climbers compared with those in the intermediate level showing a possible relationship between climbing ability and diet quality. Conclusions: This study evidences there is a need of nutritional recommendations targeted to climbers. Our findings can contribute to the design of evidence-based food guides to help climbers optimise health and performance outcomes.
Return to Sport, integrating the process from conventional rehabilitation up to reconditioning: a narrative review
Authors: Loeza-Magaña Pavel , Quezada-González Héctor R. , Arias-Vázquez Pedro I.
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The process of return to sport after injury, has traditionally been approached in 2 separate stages; first the athlete is treated the medical service through conventional rehabilitation processes and is then referred to the sports team (coach and / or physical trainer) who complete the return to the sport activity. This approach may lack communication and coordination between both teams and may be insufficient for the demands of the current sports environment, causing longer processes of return to sport and greater risk of re-injury. The objective of this manuscript is to document the current models of return to sport, its stages, objectives and contents. Material and method: A comprehensive review of publications was carried out, including observational studies, clinical trials, reviews, consensus, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, related to treatment, rehabilitation, readaptation and return to sport. Results: The description of a model of return to sports of gradual progression that includes 3 stages was found: return to participation, readaptation to sport and return to maximum sports performance. The stage of return to participation aims to eliminate the symptoms and regain the functionality of the athlete in their non-sports activities, through conventional rehabilitation processes. The stage of readaptation to sport aims to achieve asymptomatic performance of training and competition activities, through the rehabilitation of deficiencies caused by the injury and the maintenance and / or development of motor skills with modified training. The stage of return to maximum sports performance includes specific sports training to reach the level of performance prior to the injury. Conclusions: This model could be associated with greater success in returning to sports activity and lower risk of recurrence of the injury.
Study of prognostic factors in multiple myeloma
Authors: Rathnakumar Geeta , Ghosh Kinjalka , Choudhary Nikhil , Kamble Narendra , Inamdar Nitin
Published: October 2021

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is cancer of the plasma cell characterized by interpatient heterogeneity, in most of the cases it is incurable. It is the second most common hematological malignancy. Overall survival of patients has significantly increased recently. Lot of research is going on for prognostic factors, which can predict disease and response to therapy. During the past decades, biomarkers: M protein and β2 microglobulin have shaped the knowledge about MM. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of prognostic factors in newly diagnosed and few follow up patients of MM before, during and after the treatment in Indian population.Methods: We analyzed 177 samples (90 MM patients and 87 healthy control) for creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, LDH, total protein, albumin, globulin, β2M, Immunoglobulines (Igs), IgG, IgA, IgM, Kappa light chain and Lambda light chains, serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE).Results: The result of our study are significant at p<0.0001 for creatinine, β2M, LDH, albumin, globulin and immunoglobulins whereas for calcium and phosphorus results are not significant at p<0.005. We observed that the levels of β2m, creatinine, LDH and M band concentration declined during the treatment (chemotherapy).Conclusions: We conclude that these results will help the clinicians to tailor-made the chemotherapy doses for betterment of patients and improve survival rate in MM patients.
Elevated heart rate across cardiovascular continuum and its management
Authors: Punjabi Ashok , George Sheeba , Khera Peyush , Srivastava Sameer
Published: October 2021

Elevated heart rate in both healthy individuals and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and heart failure poses a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. This fact has further been supported by several studies pointing out to elevated resting heart rate as an important marker for this catastrophe necessitating a prompt therapeutic action plan, consisting of early detection and treatment of the risk factors, to achieve ideal heart rates (approximately 60 beats/minute) in patients which could stop or prevent the progression of the cardiovascular disease (CVD) continuum. Lowering heart rate by therapeutic interventions has shown favorable results, but most of the data so far is retrospective and limited to AMI and heart failure with beta-blocker treatment. Addition of newer drugs into the cardiac armamentarium, like ivabradine, a sinus node inhibitor acting by selective heart rate reduction, has shown several beneficial effects in a variety of conditions spanning from stable angina to heart failure. A consensus meeting was held at the national level wherein experts from various parts of the country discussed and reviewed the importance of heart rate lowering across CV continuum and addition of ivabradine for patients with chronic heart failure and chronic stable angina.
Loss of smell/taste is a potential indicator of a mild case of COVID-19: a retrospective institutional study
Authors: Gautam Harendra Kumar , Tripathi Shalani , Srivastava Amrita , Verma Ruchika
Published: October 2021

Background: COVID-19, the respiratory disease caused by the new coronavirus. The loss of smell is an atypical symptom and is usually associated with milder form of this disease compared to severe disease. The aim of this study was to compare the severity of disease in patients with and without loss of smell/taste.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of 100 patients who were COVID RT-PCR positive, carried out in the COVID care center of a tertiary hospital during the period of 6 months from October 2020 to April 2021.

Results: 100 cases of RT-PCR positive patients were divided into two groups (50 cases each of patients with and without loss of smell/taste). The mean age was 55-65 years in both the groups. Throat pain/throat irritation and fever were the most common complaints in the patients of both groups, affecting all the 100 (100%) patients. It was followed by cough in 25 (50%) patients and diarrhea in 12 (24%) patients. 2 (4%) patients had breathlessness in group A. While in group B, 50 (100%) patients had cough and breathlessness. The average SpO2 was >95 in 45 (90%) patients in group A while in group B, <90 in 30 (60%) patient and >95 in 8 (16%) patients. The CT values of HRCT thorax were <8 in 45 (90%) patients in group A while in group B, >15 in 25 (50%) patients.

Conclusions: The treatment outcome was 100% patients being discharged in group A without any complication while in group B, 38 (76%) patients were discharged and 12 (24%) patients expired due to various COVID-19 related complications. From this we conclude that, loss of taste and loss of smell are prognostic indicators of mild type of COVID-19.
Comparison of effectiveness of Cawthorne Cooksey exercise with Brandt Daroff exercise in managing post Epley’s residual dizziness in patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Bhadouriya Sunil K. S. , Priyamvada Shaili , Singh Hukam
Published: October 2021

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo.  Vertigo and balance disorders are among the most common symptoms experienced in patients who visit ENT outpatient department.  BPPV is a common vestibular disorder leading to significant morbidity and psychosocial impact. Residual dizziness is a common condition that manifests as persistent disabling imbalance after successful repositioning maneuvers for BPPV.

Methods: In this study we analysed and compared the effectiveness of Cawthorne Cooksey Exercise with Brandt Daroff Exercise to treat residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver for posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. A total of 30 subjects with residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver for posterior canal BPPV were included in our study, 10 were male and 20 were female. The Group A received the Cawthorne Cooksey exercise post Epley’s maneuver and Group B received the Brandt Daroff exercise post Epley’s maneuver. 

Results: We conclude that both the groups have significant improvement in their symptoms and balance. This was indicated by the results.  Despite the significant results within the groups, there was no significant difference between the groups, means both exercises showed almost equal improvement in their respective group.

Conclusions: This study concludes that both Cawthorne Cooksey exercise and Brandt Daroff exercise are helpful in treating residual dizziness after successful Epley’s maneuver in posterior canal BPPV patients. These exercises are safe and able to reduce subjective symptoms and imbalance hence, any of these can be recommended for treating post Epley’s residual dizziness in patients with posterior canal BPPV.  
Alar cartilage hematoma of the nose secondary to facial trauma.
Authors: Magboul Nasir A. , Al-Amri Deafullah
Published: October 2021

A 27 years old male patient victim of road traffic accident presented to emergency department by ambulance team with ankle swelling and decrease range of motion, seen by orthopedic team and admitted as case of right ankle fracture for surgical intervention. Patient then referred to otolaryngology regarding on and off nasal bleeding and right nasal swelling arising from inner surface of right lower lateral cartilage of the nose 6 hour after the facial trauma, we present this case of hematoma of lower lateral cartilage which consider as one of the unique and rare condition following nasal and facial trauma. Early recognition of this condition is important, also differentiation between alar hematoma and septal cartilage hematoma is not easy for non-otolaryngology doctor, so increase awareness of this condition as one of possible sequel of fecal trauma and early referral to otolaryngology services is crucial. We present here a case of right sided alar cartilage hematoma, including the approach, management and follow up of the patient. We recommend early surgical drainage to optimize aesthetic out come after trauma.
Study of mid and long term outcome of hip fracture in elderly operated within 48 hours versus conservative management
Authors: Marshall Delis S. , Ch’ng Alan S. W. , Looi Irene
Published: October 2021

Background: Hip fractures are commonly associated with high morbidities and mortalities. This study aimed to determine post-hip fracture outcomes and survival among patients who underwent operation within 48 hours of fracture diagnosis and among those being treated conservatively.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Hospital Seberang Jaya among patients diagnosed with hip fracture from January to December 2016; confirmed clinical and radiological method. Descriptive analysis was conducted using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.

Results: The mean (SD) age of the 61 operated patients was 74 (7.7) years and for the 19 conservatively managed patients 79 (8.0) years. At 12 months, 30 (37.5%) of operated ones, required assisted mobility compared to 8 (10%) of conservatively managed patients. Other outcomes comparable between operated and conservative patients at 12 months post-intervention include: ability to feed on own 46 (57.5%) versus 7 (8.8%), able to dress on own, 45 (56.3%) versus 6 (7.5%); able to bathe on own; 43 (53.8%) versus 2 (2.5%), and independently attending to own toilet needs 44 (55.0%) versus 1 (1.3%). Our study revealed, overall survival were comparatively better among those operated to conservative at 12 months; 52 (85%) versus 9 (47.4%). The mortality at 12 months in the conservative group is much higher than operative group.

Conclusions: Ambulatory mobility and survival are significantly better at 12 months post-fracture among the operated patients. Hip fracture must be treated as an emergency and its surgical management given priority.

 
A review of pediatric femoral fracture patterns, surgical managements, and outcomes
Authors: Almigdad Ahmad K. , Banimelhem Khalid A. , Almanasir Ghandi K. , Altaani Ehab M. , Al-Qudah Ala K.
Published: October 2021

Background: Femoral fractures are the most common pediatric orthopedic fractures that require hospitalization. The non-accidental injury should be suspected in early infancy and non-ambulatory children. Treatment of pediatric femoral fractures is widely variable and depends on intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This study presents pediatric femoral fracture epidemiology and outcomes and reviews the literature regarding best practices in pediatric femoral fractures.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical and radiological records of forty-sevens femur fractures in the pediatric age group from September 2020 until June 2021 in Prince Rashid bin AL Hassan Military Hospital in Jordan.

Results: Males form 80.9% of patients. The mean age for the patients was equal to 6.70 years (±3.91). Falling is responsible for the majority of the injury. The middle femur shaft was fractured in 46.8%, and the pathological fracture was found in 17% of patients. Non-operative treatment by cast represents 42.6%. All fractures were healed at 7.90 weeks (±2.37).

Conclusions: Pediatric femur fracture lacks standardized treatment. Nevertheless, most fractures healed with satisfactory results. Younger age groups are more likely to be treated non-operatively. Non-surgical treatment is more prone to shortening, angulation, and later return to weight-bearing and activity. Children older than eight years treated by plating demonstrated faster healing, return to full weight-bearing, and lower complication rate.  
A study on functional outcome of posterior cruciate ligament substituted total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Reddy K. Vijaya Bhaskar , Chary N. Brahma , Sumanth Birru
Published: October 2021

Background: Total knee replacement surgery is considered as a treatment of choice in patients with advanced arthritis, especially in patients where conservative treatment has been failed. Total knee replacement gives good pain relief, functional improvement of knee and correction of deformity.

Methods: This is study of 39 patients following total knee arthroplasty, who were operated between August 2017 and March 2020 at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy. They were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year and evaluated using oxford knee scoring system. Oxford knee score is designed specifically for measuring outcomes in knee arthroplasty. There were 14 right knees, 10 left knees, 15 bilateral knees.

Results: There was a significant functional improvement of knee in patients and we had achieved excellent results, out of 39 patients and 4 patients had post op suprapatellar fullness, which was relieved with medications for 3 weeks and 2 patients (2 knees) without no signs of immediate post-operative period, developed infection after 6 months followed which underwent staged revision total knee replacement. The outcome categories based on oxford knee scoring system: excellent (40-48), good (30-39), fair (20-29) and poor (0-19).

Conclusions: It is difficult to balance the knee with retention of posterior cruciate ligament, whereas posterior cruciate ligament substituting total knee replacement gives reproducible and good results, hence it is the preferred mode of management.
Hip fractures: mortality and correlation with preoperative comorbidities in Indian elderly population
Authors: Padhi Prashant Pratim , Rai Pankaj
Published: October 2021

Background: Hip fractures are an emerging health care problem due to increase in the elderly population all over the world and the associated complications, morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to find out the mortality rates in Indian elderly population with hip fractures and to establish an association between various related complications pre and post operatively for a better risk stratification.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study, was carried out at a high-volume orthopaedic centre from 2009 to 2018. And all patients managed for hip fractures were followed up till death or 05 years.

Results: The age adjusted first-year mortality was found to be 33% with statistically significant increase in the mortality in individuals with three or more pre-op comorbidities. The significantly associated co-morbidities were chronic renal failure (Hazard ratio 2.32 with CI 1.65- 3.24) and diabetes mellitus (Hazard ratio 1.66 with CI 1.25 – 2.21). There has been a significant dip in the cumulative survival rates of these individuals irrespective of age, sex, preop anaemia.

Conclusions: A knowledge about the comorbidities/ risk factors and the extent to which they influence the long-term survival in the geriatric hip fracture patients can help treating physician to effectively prioritise and plan management in coordination with allied specialities.  
The Dedication of Churches in the Medieval Towns of Prussia
Authors: Veber Dmitrii
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the practice of dedicating churches to saints in cities on the territory of the state of the Teutonic Order in Prussia. Special attention is paid to three church groups — parish churches, churches owned by monastic orders — Dominicans, Franciscans, Cistercians and Augustinians — Heremites, as well as cathedrals in the capitals of the bishoprics of Kulm, Pomesan, Warmia and Sambia. Among the most popular patron saints was the Virgin Mary, which was due to her patronage of the Teutonic Order as well as the cultural influence of the Hanseatic cities, and her veneration in certain mendicant orders such as the Cistercians. Other popular saints included St Peter and St Paul, and St Nicholas, who also acted as the patron saint of merchants. St Adalbert was also worshipped locally, due to his missionary work in Prussia. Patrons of the churches were also venerated in medieval Europe and were introduced to the region during the process of Christianization.
On the Question of the Hierarchy of Legal Orders: Three Examples from Early Carolingian Frisia
Authors: Borisov Grigory
Published: October 2021

The article examines the evidence from sources about the legal orders in historical Frisia, the territory of the modern Netherlands, in the Carolingian era — from 777 to 806. During the Charlemagne’s reign, these territories completely entered the Frankish Realm and were christianized. Therefore, the idea of the hierarchy of legal orders on these lands at the turn of the 8th and the 9th century provides an important evidence for the dynamic processes, going in the legal consciousness of the early medieval society. The sources include the private charters of Liudger, abbot of the monastery Werden an der Ruhr, preserved in the cartulary of the 9th century and in royal diplomas. In the three-parted study are being sequentially examined the charters of land donations to the monastery and the diplomas of Charlemagne, the main attention is focused on the charters of 793 and 802, as well as the diploma of 777. The author makes a conclusion about coexistence of various legal orders in the early Carolingian Frisia: based on personal, informal relations between the donor of the land and its recipient, supported by arguments from public law relations. This order is typical for actions within a local community. The legal order brought into this local world by the royal power through the sovereign's messengers and counts becomes impersonal, uses the concepts of legality and prevails over a larger territory, no longer in micro-, but in mesospaces. Finally, the royal power, in its appeal to counts and other judges of large districts, maintains a public-legal and formal relationship and operates in large macrospaces.
La pobreza persistente como un fenómeno situado. Notas para su abordaje.
Authors: Clemente Adriana
Published: October 2021

Este artículo aborda el tema de la pobreza urbana en su expresión territorial. Su objetivo es brindar ele- mentos conceptuales para la revisión de enfoques y estrategias de abordaje de la pobreza persistente y de su reversión por medio de políticas sociales de carácter universal. Para esto el trabajo toma aspec- tos de orden conceptual que revisan el abordaje y convenciones sobre la pobreza como categoría de análisis e intervención. En este sentido se aporta una suerte de caracterización de los enfoques do- minantes y principales debates sobre la orientación de los programas sociales en las dos últimas décadas. En un segundo momento el texto desarrolla orien- taciones sobre el enfoque situacional del abordaje de la pobreza urbana, identifcando atributos de las políticas para actuar en los territorios complejos como son las villas y asentamientos más pobres. Finalmente se hace un avance sobre la problemá- tica de accesibilidad, como un eslabón clave en el proceso de implementación de las políticas sociales que se proponen llegar a los hogares que padecen pobreza persistente y que tienen como particulari- dad una alta dependencia del Estado para atender sus necesidades más básicas.
¿Populismo petrolero? Experiencias recientes en México y Ecuador.
Authors: García Chediak Rosa
Published: October 2021

El presente texto presenta un abordaje a las determinantes clave del concepto original de populismo latinoamericano; sobre esa base discute la pertinencia de su aplicación en la época actual. Basándose en los casos de México y Ecuador y su manejo de los recursos petroleros, el artículo propone elconcepto de “populismo petrolero” como subcategoría del concepto clásico. Finalmente, se destaca el modo en que las políticas petroleras de ambos países han desatado relaciones complejas con los sectores populares, donde la adhesión está lejos de ser la nota distintiva o bien prende de frágiles acomodos,mientras su participación en la política nacional -cuando acontece- más que subordinada, tiende a ser coyuntural.
Políticas de empleo público en la provincia de Buenos Aires (1991-2016)
Authors: Gil García Magdalena
Published: October 2021

A partir de la década de los noventa, en el marcode los procesos de reforma estatal y de modernizaciónestatal, se implementaron políticas de empleopúblico que mostraron dos tipos de orientacionesdiferentes: medidas que tenían como objetoel achicamiento del gasto en personal y la flexibilizaciónlaboral, y las orientadas a promover laprofesionalización de los agentes públicos. Si bienla bibliografía especializada coincide en señalarque resultaron predominantes las estrategias de reducciónde plantas de personal y flexibilización, lamayoría de los estudios se centra en forma exclusivaen los cambios operados en el ámbito nacional,existiendo menos antecedentes acerca de las modificacionessucedidas en los niveles subnacionales.De esta manera, el presente artículo realiza unrecorrido por las principales transformaciones enel empleo público de la Provincia de Buenos Airesdesde 1991 dando cuenta del repertorio de políticaspuestas en práctica y sus resultados, e ilustrandolas tendencias prevalecientes en la materia. Así, elartículo abarcará cinco administraciones políticas:1) el gobierno de Eduardo Duhalde (1991-1999); 2)el de Carlos Ruckauf (1999-2001), 3) el de FelipeSolá (2002-2007); 4) el de Daniel Scioli (2007-2015);y 5) el actual, de María Eugenia Vidal (2015-actua-lidad). La hipótesis del trabajo es que el criterio“reduccionista” ha sido invariablemente utilizadodurante todas las gestiones de gobierno, mientrasque las iniciativas de profesionalización han tenidouna escasa presencia en la agenda institucionaly un carácter restringido, presentando resultadoslimitados.
A Comparative Study on Intrathecal Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Bupivacaine in Unilateral Lower Limb Surgeries under Lumbar Sub-Arachnoid Block Held at Central Region of Kerala
Authors: Cherian Vinod , T.S. Sunilkumar , T.S. Shamsad Beegum , P. Satheedevi
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND This study compared the characteristics of hyperbaric and hypobaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing unilateral lower limb surgeries under lumbar subarachnoid block with regard to their onset and level of sensory and motor blockades, haemodynamic stability, and recovery profile in terms of analgesic duration and motor recovery. METHODS This is a comparative study. Two groups, each of 36 patients who satisfied American society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I & II aged 18 – 65 years, were observed intra operatively and during immediate post-operative period. Group 1 received 2.4 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine (heavy) with operated limb in dependent position. Group 2 received 4 ml of reconstituted hypobaric bupivacaine 0.3 %, with the operated limb positioned in non-dependent position. Onset, level and duration of motor and sensory block, hemodynamic changes and duration of surgical analgesia were compared between groups. RESULTS The level of sensory block attained in the hypobaric group was at T12 with maximum at T9, in the hyperbaric group it is variable and at higher level. Duration of sensory blockade was less with hypobaric. Motor block of modified Bromage scale 3 after 10 minutes was none in group 2 and 91.7 % in group 1. Significant fall in systolic blood pressure at 15 to 30 minutes and diastolic BP at 15 and 20 minutes was noted in hyperbaric group after subarachnoid block. There was significant percentage of change in systolic blood pressure from 4 to 70 minutes and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 4 to 90 minutes in hyperbaric group. Duration of surgical analgesia in hypobaric group was longer compared to hyper baric. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal hypobaric bupivacaine showed better haemodynamic stability and longer duration of analgesia in comparison with hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. KEYWORDS Anaesthesia, Bupivacaine, Hypobaric, Subarachnoid Block
Non Genetic Factors Affecting Production and Reproduction Traits of Graded Murrah Buffaloes
Authors: Reddy M. Srinivasa , Jagadeeswary V. , Prasanna J. Sai
Published: October 2021

Background: Environmental factors play a major role and influence the economically important traits in dairy animals. The present investigation was undertaken to study the influence of season on production and reproduction traits of graded Murrah buffaloes reared under farm conditions. Methods: The data pertaining to 164 graded Murrah buffaloes was utilized to study influence of seasons on various climatic factors like maximum, minimum and mean temperature, relative humidity (morning and evening), rainfall, sunshine, wind speed, evaporation and production and reproduction traits like lactation length, lactation yield, days to attain peak yield, persistency, calving interval, birth weight and number of lactations. Result: The present investigation revealed significant effect of season on all the meteorological parameters, production and reproduction parameters studied. The correlations among meteorological parameters and production and reproduction traits were also significant.
Análisis de la evolución de la competitividad del sector empresarial de Tabasco
Authors: Chablé Sangeado Juan José , Ramírez Montalvo Nélida Áurea , López Velázquez Elmer
Published: October 2021

En la actualidad, ser competitivos es vital para la supervivencia y evolución de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES) al constituir una referencia de la capacidad de anticipación y respuesta a los retos del entorno (Camisón, 1997). Para mejorar la competitividad, las MIPYMES tienen la necesidad de adecuar tanto sus estrategias como su estructura organizativa y su forma de gestión al entorno dinámico de la economía actual; sin embargo, muchas empresas persisten en una actitud conservadora a la espera de observar la operatividad de determinadas estrategias para introducir cambios en sus estructuras. La metodología utilizada en esta investigación consistió en un estudio empírico a partir de la información de 733 MIPYMES del estado de Tabasco. La técnica de captación de la información fue una encuesta personal, utilizando como soporte un cuestionario autoadministrado dirigido al gerente de la empresa. En la muestra utilizada no se incluyen empresas de menos de cuatro trabajadores, porque el diseño del cuestionario no se ajusta a negocios más pequeños.
Peran Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dalam Proses Peralihan Jual Beli Hak atas Tanah
Authors: Murni Christiana Sri
Published: October 2021

The Land Deed Official (PPAT) is a public official granted the authority to make deeds of transfer of land rights, assignment of land rights, and authorization to impose mortgage rights according to the prevailing laws and regulations. However, the question arises about how significant the role of PPAT is in transferring the sale and purchase of land rights, considering the laws and regulations governing land sale and purchase are potentially irrelevant to the current situation. This study aims to analyze the role of PPAT in transferring the sale and purchase of land rights. This type of research is normative juridical research; by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This study uses primary and secondary legal materials. Then, it is described and analyzed to answer the problem to clarify the role of PPAT. The study's results reveal that the process of transferring land rights can be carried out using customary law with three options, namely adol plas, adol gadai, and adol tahunan. Then, from the national law's perspective, land rights commerce must meet the material requirements and formal requirements. PPAT has an essential role in registering land data, namely by making evidence of legal actions regarding land plots. The PPAT position has a strategic role in making authentic deeds a requirement in transferring land rights due to sale and purchase.

KEYWORDS: PPAT, Deed of Sale and Purchase, Transfer of Rights.
Literary Scholars’ Disciplinary Literacy Orientations
Authors: Rackley Eric
Published: October 2021

This study examines how four university-based literary scholars in the United States read literary texts. Findings suggest that the scholars used four related literary literacy orientations in their reading: They attended to their affective experiences with literature, built recursive interpretations of literature, contextualized literature, and recognized and managed literary complexity. As broad-level disciplinary ways of navigating literature, these literary literacy orientations included the scholars’ meaning-making practices as well as their beliefs, feelings, and attitudes about literature and making sense of it. Findings support and build upon existing scholarship on English disciplinary literacies and offer paths for further research.