bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antioxidant and antacid activities of Globimetula braunii and Parquetina nigrescens extracts
Authors: Raji Basirat Atinuke , Akinwumi Idayat Adeola , Sonibare Mubo Adeola
Published: November 2024

Natural products are one of the best sources of therapeutic-based compounds for the treatment of peptic ulcer, which denotes open sores on the lining of the stomach or small intestines. Globimetula braunii (Family Loranthaceae), Microdesmis puberula (Family Pandaceae) and Parquetina nigrescens (Family Apocynaceae) have been documented for various medicinal uses, including the traditional treatment of peptic ulcer in Nigeria. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and antacid properties of Globimetula braunii, Microdesmis puberula and Parquetina nigrescens. The plant samples were collected, identified and authenticated. The samples were allowed to air dry, pulverised and then extracted using methanol. The extracts were assessed for antioxidant (2,2-diphenyl-1-icrylhydrazyl, DPPH), free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antacid activity. The total phenolic content was highest in G. braunii, followed by P. nigresens and then M. puberula with values of 6.74 mg GAE/g, 3.35 mg GAE/g and 0.56 mg GAE/g, respectively. The crude extract of G. braunii showed the highest radical scavenging activity below 50% with IC₅₀ value of 53.73. Globimetula braunii methanol extract (250 mg/250mL) showed the highest artificial gastric acid neutralising activity by raising the pH of the artificial gastric acid from 1.2 to 1.80±0.04, which is like the standard NaHCO₃ (100 mg/250mL) that raised the pH of the artificial gastric acid from 1.2 to 1.78±0.03. The results from this study support the ethnomedicinal claims that plants can be used in the management of peptic ulcer, and these plants could serve as sources of lead compounds to produce natural antacids.
Diagnosis and prognosis of bovine mastitis using ultrasonography and the associated risk factors on dairy farms
Authors: Abdullah O. M. , Aslam S. , Khan M. A. , Mushtaq H. , Hassan M. , Akbar H. , Hassan N. , Ijaz M.
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to test whether the ultrasonographic morphometry and characteristic traits of udders and teats could be used to identify clinical mastitis in forty-eight adult Holstein–Friesian dairy cows. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were also declared with the help of the California Mastitis Test and Somatic Cell Count. Clinically, dairy cows (n = 48) were in their third lactation in order to undergo both ultrasonographic and phenotypic morphometry. Udder parenchyma as echotexture, teat width, teat width at the rosette of Furstenberg, teat cistern width, teat wall thickness, teat canal length, and ratios of TC/TWT, TWT/TW and TC/TW, as well as supramammary lymph node size, were evaluated, whereas phenotypic morphometric traits, i.e., udder circumference, udder depth, udder length, teat length, teat circumference, teat diameter, and the shortest distance from teat ends to floor were measured. There was substantial difference between morphological parameters of the teat such as, teat width, teat width at the rosette of Furstenberg, teat wall thickness, ratio of TC/TWT, ratio of TWT/TW, ratio TC/TW, teat canal length, echogenicity variables, and phenotypic morphometric traits, except for the teat cistern width. Pearson correlation indicated a strong correlation between lymph node length and lymph node width. Clinical mastitis in cattle is related to udder and teat morphometric traits. Incorporating these characteristics into the selection and breeding programme may aid in the selection of animals for mastitis resistance. Ultrasound is an effective imaging and morphological assessment tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.
Effects of rumen-protected, long chain fatty acid, calcium salt supplementation on total lipid, fatty acids, and related gene expression in Korean cattle
Authors: Belal S. A. , Kang D. R. , Shim K. S.
Published: November 2024

Rumen-protected linoleic acid-enriched calcium salts (LAE-Ca salts) and oleic acid-enriched calcium salts (OAE-Ca salts) were examined for their effects on total lipids, fatty acids, and lipid metabolism gene expression in Korean steers. A total of 30 animals with a mean body weight of 597 ± 5 kg were divided into three treatment groups: Control, control diet without additional fat (n = 10); LAE-Ca salts fed 50% LAE-Ca salts (n = 10); and OAE-Ca salts, fed 50% OAE-Ca salts (n = 10); 100 g/d/animal on dry matter required basis (DMR). Results revealed that lipid content was substantially lower in the OAE-Ca salts group. Total poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), ω6, and ω3 were substantially higher in the OAE-Ca salts group but the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SAF), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) was not affected. Up-regulation of leptin gene expression was observed in the LAE-Ca salts group. The mRNA levels of genes related to lipogenesis, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), were not statistically different between groups. However, acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipolytic adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) were substantially higher in the LAE-Ca salt group; hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was higher in the OAE-Ca salt group. Therefore, our findings indicate that fatty acid-enriched calcium salt diets affect total lipids, fatty acids, and the expression of certain lipid metabolism genes in Korean cattle.
Effects of immunomodulatory peptides derived from a soil bacterium on caecal microbiota of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Li X. , Li G. , Peng Q. , Sun Y. , Li Y. , Li H. , Ren J.
Published: November 2024

Brevibacillus texasporus peptide (BT peptide) is immunomodulatory in poultry and is proposed as a feed additive substitute for antibiotics. In the present study, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to compare development of the caecal microbial communities in Clostridium perfringens-challenged broilers fed a basal diet only or diets containing the BT peptide (48 ppm) or an antibiotic mixture (20 ppm zinc bacitracin and 40 ppm colistin sulphate). A total of 240 chicks were randomly assigned to these three treatments, each group consisting of 80 birds. Birds were challenged once per day between 4 and 10 d posthatch. A total of 65 caecal samples were collected from 6‒8 randomly selected birds in each treatment group f The composition of microbial communities was clearly distinguishable over time. Treatments with challenge and the antibiotic mixture were associated with increased diversity and with higher relative abundances of Alistipes sp. CHKCI003 and Faecalibacterium and lower abundance of Escherichia coli. At the end of the trial, the caecal microbiota in broilers supplemented with BT peptide were dominated by members of Bacteroidaceae. Predicted function analysis revealed marked enrichment of genes involved in ion-coupled transporters and sugar and biotin metabolism in the BT peptide treatment. The results suggest that BT peptide and commonly-used antibiotics have different influences on modulating the composition of caecal microbiota in broilers.
The effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on the thyroid in rats with subacute fluoride poisoning
Authors: Arslan S. , Inan S. , Yenilmez K.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of thymoquinone (TQ), curcumin (CUR), and a TQ+CUR combination on thyroid hormones and histopathology in an experimentally-induced, subacute, sodium fluoride (NaF) toxicity rat model. Control, sham, and test groups (NaF, NaF+TQ, NaF+CUR, and NaF+TQ+CUR) were established in the study. At the end of the experiment, test groups had higher urine fluoride concentrations. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxin (FT4) levels decreased substantially, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased substantially when the control and test groups were compared. T3 and T4 decreased and TSH increased in the NaF group compared to the NaF+TQ, NaF+CUR, and NaF+TQ+CUR groups. Microscopic study of thyroid tissues revealed that the test groups showed statistically significant differences from the control group in terms of follicular degeneration (FD), decrease in colloidal fluid (DCF), fibrosis, atypical follicle epithelium (AFE), and mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI). When the NaF group and other test groups were compared, statistical significance was observed in the histopathological scoring of DCF, AFE, and MCI in the NaF+TQ group; FD, DCF, AFE, and MCI in the NaF+CUR group; and DCF, AFE, and MCI in the NaF+TQ+CUR group. Fluoride toxicity, therefore, caused problems with the thyroid and hormones. The study revealed that TQ and CUR combined with fluoride could not normalize the thyroid gland and thyroid hormones but could alleviate thyroid gland damage and provide a partial improvement in thyroid hormone levels.
Perspectives and advantages of using olive (Olea europaea) by-products as a dietary supplement for rabbit production and health
Authors: Losacco C. , Laudadio V. , Schiavitto M. , Tufarelli V.
Published: November 2024

Over the years, the olive oil market has increased considerably due to its organoleptic features and increasing awareness of the beneficial properties of olive products for human health. However, the olive oil production processes generate a variety of wastes and by-products that create serious environmental concerns because of their high phytotoxicity, but also represent an extraordinary potential source of functional compounds, such as polyphenols. This review explored the application of olive by-products as possible functional feed ingredient in rabbit nutrition. The available literature indicates that the manipulation of the rabbit diet is very reliable in producing “enriched meat” and that the bioactive fractions of olive by-products can be used to enhance meat microbial quality, fatty acid profile, and can increase the presence of compounds with natural antioxidant effect, which can exert beneficial effects on gut microbiota and animal welfare. Therefore, supplementing the diet of rabbits with olive by-products could present a sustainable option for valuable biomass, reduce the costs associated with animal feeding, and provide an “eco-green” improvement of meat quality.
Preservation of mannanase Eupenicillium javanicum (BS4) in solid state fermentation using glycerol and polyol
Authors: Haryati T. , Purwadaria T. , Paulin F. , Sinurat A. P. , Saputra F.
Published: November 2024

The digestibility of palm kernel meal can be increased using mannanase. Enzyme application in the field requires a preservation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of liquid Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 mannanase resulting from solid state fermentation with the addition of a preservative (glycerol, sorbitol, or mannitol) at storage temperatures of 4 °C and at room temperature. Enzymes were produced using solid state fermentation with coconut cake as substrate and E. javanicum BS4 inoculum. The preservation evaluated the stability of the enzyme in three conditions: in submerged culture and solid state fermentation, filtration and non-filtration treatments, and different concentrations of the preservative. Each treatment was added with each preservation agent and included a negative control. Enzyme activity (U/mL) and saccharification activity (U/mL) were observed during incubation. The half-life of the enzyme activity was determined by the log curve of the enzyme activity. The half-life of the enzyme under solid state fermentation was longer than enzyme-submerged culture. Filtration treatment produced more stable results. The addition of mannitol and sorbitol (polyol) at a concentration of 20% gave similar results during incubation. Increasing the concentration of mannitol was not possible at it caused crystallization. Although the enzyme activity and saccharification fluctuated over the incubation period, 30% sorbitol was the best preservative. The results of saccharification can be used as a parameter in the field for determining enzyme addition to feed containing high palm kernel meal.
Marek's disease in backyard chickens of Pakistan: A study of pathological lesions in correlation to viral load
Authors: Azeem M. , Ur Rehman Khan M. , Saleem G. , Hassan Mushtaq M.
Published: November 2024

Marek's disease (MD) is an infectious, lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the alpha herpesvirus genus, Mardivirus, serotype 1 (Gallid Herpesvirus 2, or GaHV-2). There is no current information on Marek's disease virus (MDV) pathotypes and serotypes circulating in backyard poultry in Pakistan. This study aimed to characterize GaHV-2 in the backyard poultry of Rawalpindi division based on glycoprotein C and to investigate the correlation of a viral oncogene (meq) with the histological, lymphoproliferative infiltration in the visceral organs of naturally-infected birds. The study was performed from May 2019 to April 2020 in the Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Chakwal, and Attock districts of the Rawalpindi division. An overall 13.96% prevalence of MDV infection based on gross morphology and 18.43% using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was recorded. The Pakistani GaHV-2 isolates could be divided into two clades, based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gC gene, closely related to the US virulent isolates and mildly virulent vaccine strain, CVI988, respectively. Of total PCR-positive cases, 25 (75.76%) samples revealed gross tumours. Median histopathological scores of lymphoproliferative infiltrations in the spleen and liver tissues were recorded as moderate (++), whereas in the heart and gonads, mild (+) changes were observed. The mean viral load quantified using real-time PCR of 14.72 copies of meq gene/β-actin revealed a strong (R2 = 0.88) correlation with histopathology scores of spleen tissues. Differences in the meq gene/β-actin ratio were observed between non-tumorous and tumorous birds, which is indicative of pathological changes in individuals of the present study.
Stress-alleviating properties of dietary red grape pomace in Ross 308 broilers reared at a high stocking density
Authors: Thema K.K. , Mlambo V. , Mnisi C.M.
Published: November 2024

Nutraceutical plant products such as red grape pomace (Vitis vinifera L. var. Shiraz) contain potent antioxidants that could mitigate stress caused by high stocking density. An experimental feeding trial was conducted using a total of 720 densely-stocked (30 birds/pen) Ross 308 broiler chickens (300.6 ± 9.30 g live weight) to evaluate their productive, physiological, and meat quality responses, as well as welfare indicators when supplemented with incremental levels of red grape pomace. The birds were randomly distributed to 24 pens, each with a floor space of 1.32 m2 (1 m length × 1.2 m width × 1.55 m height). The birds were raised on standard chicken diets supplemented with 0, 15, 30, and 50 g/kg of red grape pomace. Overall feed intake, overall body weight gain, and overall gain-to-feed ratio were not influenced by experimental diets. No quadratic or linear trends were observed for blood parameters, except for neutrophils and mean platelet volume. Linear decreases were observed in the weights of duodenum, ileum, cecum, and colon as red grape pomace levels increased. With regards to meat quality, water-holding capacity increased linearly, whereas cooking loss decreased linearly as dietary red grape pomace levels increased. Increasing red grape pomace levels did not affect temperature, yellowness, lightness, chroma, and shear force, but affected initial pH and 24-hour redness and hue angle of the breast meat. The use of red grape pomace did not improve productive performance, physiology, meat quality and welfare parameters, neither did it alleviate high stocking density-induced stress.
Physique en première année d’université : que nous apprend une analyse ancrée en didactique des mathématiques ?
Authors: Gueudet Ghislaine , Lebrun Nathalie , Vandebrouck Fabrice
Published: November 2024

This text reports on a workshop of the DEMIMES thematic school, the aim of which was to discuss how didactic theories can equip teachers in higher education to analyse exercises and problems texts and anticipate student difficulties. We present an analysis of a first-year university physics problem using theoretical tools from mathematics didactics: the anthropological theory of the didactic and the activity theory specific to didactics. We have chosen a Newtonian mechanics problem concerning the fall of a ball in a liquid, whose mathematical treatment involves vectors and a differential equation. We introduce the theoretical tools used and the problem chosen, then present the analyses, and discuss the contributions of the two theories. The workshop also showed that didactic analyses could shed light on the differences between the mathematics used in mathematics courses and those used in physics courses at university.

Ce texte rend compte d’un atelier de l’école thématique DEMIMES, dont l’objectif était de discuter comment les théories de didactique peuvent outiller les enseignants du supérieur pour analyser des énoncés et anticiper des difficultés d’étudiants. Nous présentons l’analyse d’un énoncé de physique de niveau première année d’université avec des outils théoriques issus de la didactique des mathématiques : la théorie anthropologique du didactique et la théorie de l’activité spécifiée à la didactique. Nous avons retenu un énoncé de mécanique Newtonienne portant sur la chute d’une bille dans un liquide, dont le traitement mathématique implique notamment des vecteurs et une équation différentielle. Nous introduisons les outils théoriques mobilisés et l’énoncé choisi, avant de présenter les analyses et de discuter les apports des deux théories choisies. L’atelier a de plus montré que les analyses didactiques pouvaient éclairer les différences entre les mathématiques des cours de mathématiques et celles utilisées en cours de physique à l’université.
Change Agents: Blueprints for Interinstitutional Collaborations in Social Design
Authors: Fehér Bori , Hosszu Erzsébet , Espelt Estopà Guim , Guersenzvaig Ariel , Herlo Bianca , Kubinyi Eva Liisa , Lubotzky-Avior Meitar , Melioranski Ruth-Helene , Palmieri Teresa , Szerencsés Rita , Ventura Jonathan , Marosán Borbála , Capdeville Nara
Published: November 2024

This book was created as part of the Change Agents — Blueprints for Interinstitutional Collaborations project, whose objective is to bring the design-focused academic sector and the NGO ecosystem closer together to cultivate a deeper understanding between these important stakeholders. In this way, the project contributes to the advancement of a more collaborative, inclusive, and participatory practice of design, while recognizing the already existing expertise of the participants. The project is centred around the idea that achieving these objectives will foster inclusivity in the field of design by engaging various agents and sectors with direct ties to different communities. These stakeholders are experienced in ethnographic fieldwork and can offer knowledge that is often not available to higher educational frameworks. By combining a focused social design literature review with experience-based methodological recommendations on cooperation in social design, the book can potentially raise awareness on how the design field — starting from design education — can address the real needs of communities to increase its social impact. This document was also created to help train future change makers who are dedicated to using their own practices to stimulate societal change. The authors developed this book with the purpose of supporting higher quality in academic, community-based design projects, as well as helping potential change makers propose new educational approaches in the long run.
The knowledge shared in this book aims to assist relevant stakeholders in establishing qualitative approaches for participatory collaborations between the higher educational sector and NGOs using tools of social design and related fields as organising principles. Furthermore, this book can serve as a resource for training change agents — leaders of future interinstitutional projects that contribute to social impact and inclusion in a wider sense — so they can create a ripple effect in their respective environments and build methodological bridges between NGOs and the academic sector in the field of design.
Amnistía Internacional Chile y el estallido social en Santiago 2019: un ensayo sobre el rol del movimiento y la sociedad civil
Authors: Alvear Gomez Gaston Osvaldo
Published: November 2024

El siguiente ensayo hace un análisis sobre Amnistía Internacional en Chile, desde su papel como movimiento social, durante el proceso de irrupción social ocurrido en Chile desde octubre de 2019, denominado estallido social. Este texto se enfocará en analizar el papel que tomó dicho movimiento en Chile, su relación con los diversos actores políticos: Ejecutivo y Legislativo. Para finalizar con la importancia que tienen organismos como Amnistía Internacional como agrupación civil ante las autoridades políticas.
La capacitación del personal de Supervisión Operativa de los Servidores del Cuerpo de Seguridad y Vigilancia Penitenciaria (SCSVP)
Authors: Parco Barragán Juan Marcelo , Cejas Martínez Magda Francisca
Published: November 2024

Capacitar al personal en entornos exigentes, como el Cuerpo de Vigilancia y Seguridad Penitenciaria (SCSVP), es fundamental para optimizar el desempeño laboral y garantizar la seguridad en las instalaciones penitenciarias. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre la capacitación del personal de supervisión operativa del SCSVP y su desempeño, utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo. Mediante un diseño descriptivo-correlacional y una muestra de 21 empleados, se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado y se utilizaron métodos estadísticos como el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y el coeficiente Rho de Spearman. Los hallazgos revelaron una correlación positiva significativa entre la capacitación y el desempeño laboral, pero también resaltaron la necesidad de mejorar la alineación de los programas de capacitación con las demandas de los roles. En conclusión, se reafirma la formación como elemento esencial para el desempeño, recomendándose la revisión de los programas de formación para mejorar su eficacia.
The curriculum in search of pedagogical identity
Authors: CRISTEA Sorin
Published: November 2024

Termenul de curriculum este utilizat cu insistență în ultimele decenii, în arealul românesc, fără a beneficia însă de o stabilitate conceptuală necesară cu atât mai mult cu cât rolul său în construcția cursurilor universitare proiectate special pentru formarea profesorilor, inițială și continuă, este determinant. În această perspectivă, studiul nostru, care sintetizează ideile principale promovate la nivel de „Argument” într-o viitoare carte despre CURRICULUM (Sorin Cristea, Concepte fundamentale în pedagogie, vol.13, CURRICULUM, în curs de apariție la Didactica Publishing House, București) va avea în vedere: 1. Identificarea problemei fundamentale a curriculumului; 2. Istoria termenului de curriculum; 3. Construcția conceptului pedagogic de curriculum; 4. Teoria generala a curriculumului, știință pedagogică fundamentală.
Patterns of psychological activity in the general education system regarding student antisocial behavior
Authors: CUCER Angela
Published: November 2024

The specialized literature, as well as our own researches, confirm the fact that behavioral deviations in students show an increasing frequency, the range of risk factors being constantly increasing against the background of the crisis of values existing in society and against the background of globalization. Due to its dimensions, the phenomenon constitutes a particularly current psychological and social problem, which calls for careful study of the causes, the forms of manifestation, the models of psychological activity with reference to the student's antisocial behavior. In this article we present some models of psychological activity in the general education system.
About training young inventors during role-playing games
Authors: ДАВИДЕНКО Андрей
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the problems of organizing work with young inventors. For this purpose, the author proposed training students in drawing up applications for inventions, and also initiated the annual holding of All-Ukrainian tournaments for young inventors and innovators. More than twenty years of experience in organizing such work with students has confirmed its high effectiveness.
Challenges and solutions in bone tissue engineering
Authors: JIAN Mariana , FICAI Denisa , NACU Viorel
Published: November 2024

The present work is focused on presenting the challenges and the recent advances in the field of Bone Tissue Engineering. It has to mention that worldwide, the need of bone grafting materials is only exceeded by the need of blood. Some of the most relevant materials used in bone grafting will be presented considering the compositional and morphological similitude with the bone but also the specific needs associated with different pathologies.
Innovation as a catalyzing factor of socio-economic development
Authors: COROPCEANU Eduard
Published: November 2024

Humanity has developed various technologies during its historical evolution, which have favored the emergence of the current civilization. The technological rise was based on various factors: historical, geographical, material, etc., but the most important element is invention as a social phenomenon, which propelled some revolutionary technologies. The most important inventions or sum of inventions produced innovative approaches in different fields that changed the world. These transformations are based on a chain of complex processes that depend on quality in the fields of education-research-innovation.
Curricular psychological strategies for developing prosocial behaviour in early school-age students
Authors: BEȘU Ana-Maria
Published: November 2024

All studies emphasize the importance of education and interventions that aim to promote the development of empathy, emotion regulation, and positive social relationships in the development of prosocial behavior in children. A special emphasis is placed on early education, as it is a crucial moment in the development of prosocial behavior in children. It is important to recognize that the development of prosocial behavior in young school-age children requires a coordinated and consistent effort from parents, teachers and the entire community. By using appropriate curriculum strategies, we can contribute to the formation of responsible and socially engaged adults who can be active and productive in our society.
Ensuring children's mental health by capitalizing on the opportunity of family communication
Authors: BUZENCO Aurica , MUNTEANU Olga
Published: November 2024

The article presents scientific theses regarding the importance of creating premises and the priority dimensions of capitalizing on communication opportunities in the family environment. Communication difficulties in the family can be anticipated by: awareness of the impediments to the effectiveness of interpersonal relationships of family members, availability and positive emotional orientation, psychological support, emotional balance and communicative disposition of family members, interest and permanent amplification of motivation for the personal development of children under all circumstances aspects, a fact that contributes to increasing the family's psychological culture and maintaining psychological comfort, ensuring children's mental health.
Emulacija sistema za parkiranje zasnovana na ARM mikrokontroleru
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Simić Dušan , Mladenović Milica ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Milojević Miloš ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu prikazano je projektovanje i implementacija kontrole brzine i smera rotacije DC motora putem STM32 mikrokontrolera, uz integraciju OLED displeja i ultrazvučnog senzora za merenje udaljenosti.
Projektovanje štampane ploče GSM komunikacionog sistema
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Jevtić Boris
Published: November 2024

Zadatak ovog rada je projektovanje uređaja koji, korišćenjem GSM tehnologije bežične komunikacije upravlja snažnim uređajima u domaćinstvu.
Practical Realization of Adjustable Signal Generator Using Analog Devices
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Nikolić Petar
Published: November 2024

This project shows the realization of a signal generator using NE555, LM2902 quad-operational amplifier and RC low pass filters. Generated frequency range for this signal generator is 50 Hz to 4 kHz. Duty cycle of the square signal and of symmetry of the triangle signal is in range of 0.9% to 99.1%. Amplitude range and added offset both depend on the supply voltage of the circuit.
Projektovanje štampane ploče za dečiju igračku za detekciju pokreta
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Prijić Marija , Mladenović Beba ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu je, pomoću softverskih alata Altium Designer i FreeCAD, projektovan model dečije igračke namenjene da reaguje na pokret. U Altium Designer-u su urađene električne šeme i projektovana je štampana ploča (Printed Circuit Board – PCB), a u FreeCAD-u je kreirana kutija za smeštanje štampane ploče. Takođe su korišćeni programi Proteus i LTSpice za simulaciju rada određenih delova projekta. Ideja projekta: korisnik uključuje igračku preko kliznog prekidača; kada PIR (Passive Infrared) senzor detektuje pokret, on šalje signal ostatku kola; uključuje se alarm (LE diode počinju naizmenično da svetle i zvučnik proizvodi zvuk policijske sirene u određenom vremenskom intervalu); alarm se resetuje do sledeće detekcije pokreta.
Projektovanje kontrolera saobraćajne raskrsnice korišćenjem FPGA tehnologije
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Petrović Marija , Milojević Miloš ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Simić Dušan ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

Analiza, implementacija i evaluacija FPGA sistema kao kontrolera saobraćajne raskrsnice, uključujući crvene, žute i zelene LE diode, uz pomoć VHDL koda.
Kontrola grešaka primenom konvolucionih kodova
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Stojković Lucija
Published: November 2024

Rad istražuje primenu konvolucionih kodova u kontroli grešaka u komunikacionim sistemima. Cilj rada je da objasni prirodu grešaka u prenosu podataka, da postavi teorijske osnove konvolucionih kodova i da istakne praktičnu primenu konvolucionih kodova u detektovanju i ispravljanju tih grešaka.
Projektovanje i testiranje luksmetra
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Ilić Nikola , Subotić Danilo ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu prikazano je projektovanje kola koje dobija informaciju o osvetljenosti korišćenjem fotootpornika PGM5539-MP. Pored toga, kolo je povezano i sa kontrolnim fotootpornikom PGM5549. Na sistem je povezana i RGB dioda. Kada je osvetljenost oba fotootpornika u istom ili sličnom opsegu, RGB LED svetli tirkiznom bojom. Kada je osvetljenost prvog značajno veća, RGB LED svetli ljubičasto, a kada je značajnije manja, RGB svetli narandžasto.
Razvoj sistema za automatsko upravljanje staklenika u Altium Designer-u
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Đorđević Dunja , Tanić Anđela ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Petrović Marija ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

Ovaj rad opisuje razvoj sistema za automatsko upravljanje staklenikom koristeći Altium Designer. Sistem obuhvata senzore za praćenje temperature, osvetljenosti, vlažnosti zemljišta i nivoa CO2, kao i kontrolne jedinice za automatsko upravljanje ventilacijom, navodnjavanjem, osvetljenjem i alarmnim sistemom. Elektronski sklopovi su projektovani u Altium-u kako bi se omogućila optimizacija PCB-a i njihova integracija u stakleniku.
Projektovanje signal generatora u programu Altium Designer
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Grčić Milan , Mišić Kristina ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Zlatković Vuk ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Marinković Dimitrije ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu biće prikazan postupak projektovanja signal generatora pomoću Altium Designer-a. Za ovaj projekat korišćena su integrisana kola: LM2902 [6] (Integrisano kolo sa četiri operaciona pojačavača), LM317T [7] (Regulator pozitivnog napona) i LM337 [8] (Regulator negativnog napona). Projektovani signal generator generiše pravougaoni, trougaoni i sinusni signal.
Ispitivanje pouzdanosti elektrolitskog kondenzatora niske impedanse u kontrolisanim klimatskim uslovima
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Tasić Lana
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu ispitana je pouzdanost elektrolitskog kondenzatora niske impedanse kroz metodu termičkog cikliranja u kontrolisanim klimatskim uslovima pomoću BINDER MKF 56 klimatske komore. Ubrzano starenje simulirano je ekstremnim temperaturnim promenama tokom sedmodnevnog cikliranja, pri čemu su kondenzatori bili u jednosmernom režimu rada. Uz ispitivanje pouzdanosti izvršena je i analiza uticaja temperature i frekvencije na osnovne parametre kondenzatora.
Analiza funkcionisanja MEMS kapacitivnog senzora pritiska primenom softverskog paketa ANSYS
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Stamenković Marta
Published: November 2024

Kapacitivni senzori pritiska se sastoje od dve provodne elektrode koje su međusobno odvojene tankim dielektričnim slojem. U MEMS tehnologiji, jedna od elektroda je fiksirana dok se druga nalazi na membrani koja se lako ugiba. Kada se primeni pritisak na senzor, razdaljina između elektroda se menja, što rezultira promenom kapacitivnosti senzora. Analiza funkcionisanja ovog senzora je izvršena putem simulacija u softveru ANSYS Workbench Multiphysics u okviru domena Static Structural. Simulacije omogućavaju da se odrede promene međuelektrodnog rastojanja i maksimalno naprezanje u strukturi pod dejstvom pritiska. Cilj rada je da se na osnovu vrednosti ugibanja pri promeni dimenzija gornje elektrode i rastojanja između elektroda utvrdi geometrija senzora koja je najosetljivija na primenjeni pritisak od 100 MPa.
Analiza temperaturne zavisnosti rada kola za regulaciju napona sa Zenerovom diodom
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Tanić Anđela
Published: November 2024

Ovaj projekat istražuje uticaj temperature na promenu parametara Zenerove diode. Pri promeni temperature dolazi do promene mnogih faktora. U ovom radu je opisano kako se menja Zenerov napon, kao i maksimalna snaga koja se disipira na diodi. Izvršena je analiza rada kola za regulaciju napona sa Zenerovom diodom iz familije BZX55C sa nazivnim naponom Vz=6,8 V na sobnoj temperaturi i temperaturi od 75 ℃.
Kalibracija fotootpornika
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Urošević Jovan , Hristov David ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

Ovaj rad opisuje jednu varijaciju kola za kalibraciju fotootpornika korišćenjem Arduino Uno mikrokontrolera. Dalji tekst će pokriti funkcionalnost upotrebljenih komponenata, konstrukciju kola, kod unet u Arduino Uno okruženje, i proces kalibracije.
Sistem za daljinsko upravljanje realizovan korišćenjem infracrvene komunikacije
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Petrović Marija
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu je opisan sistem za daljinsko upravljanje realizovan korišćenjem infracrvene komunikacije. Pre svega, dat je teorijski uvod u infracrvenu komunikaciju i NEC protokol. Realizovani sistem demonstrira daljinsku kontrolu uređaja pomoću infracrvenog daljinskog upravljača i mikrokontrolera. U zavisnosti od pritisnutih tastera na upravljaču, mikrokontroler aktivira odgovarajuću komponentu: DC motor, sijalicu ili neku od LE dioda različitih boja.
Pametni sistem za praćenje kvaliteta vazduha i kontrolu okruženja
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Stojanović Valentina , Jevtić Boris ,   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu je prikazana realizacija sistema za praćenje kvaliteta vazduha sa odzivom u realnom vremenu. Na osnovu vrednosti indeksa kvaliteta vazduha ovaj sistem preduzima radnje u cilju zaštite zdravlja korisnika.
ERASMUS+ program mobilnosti između Univerziteta u Nišu i Univerziteta u Haenu
Authors:   University of Niš, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Niš Serbia, Senić Jovan
Published: November 2024

U ovom radu je opisano kako izgleda boravak i studiranje u malom gradu u Španiji po imenu Jaén u trajanju od 5 meseci. Sličnosti i razlike u samom životu i premošćavanje prepreka.
Primenjena statistika u ORACLE bazama podataka
Authors:   Knjaževačka gimnazija Knjaževac, Srbija, Jeremić Miljan G.
Published: November 2024

Primenjena statistika je danas jako važna za veštačku inteligenciju (AI), naročito kod mašinskog učenja. Čak i izvan AI, statistika se intenzivno primenjuje, i to na velikim količinama podataka, smeštenim u (različite) baze podataka. Često se koriste specijalizovani alati / jezici za statistiku, neki su komercijalni, kao SPSS, MATLAB, a neki besplatni, kao jezik Python i statistički jezik R. Postoji jedna varijanta –korišćenje skoro 300 SQL statističkih funkcija, od kojih je većinu moguće koristiti u svim edicijama Oracle baze, pa i onoj besplatnoj (XE edicija).
Bluetooth kosilica
Authors:   ETŠ Mihajlo Pupin Novi Sad, Srbija, Arsić Aleksa
Published: November 2024

Ovaj rad objašnjava princip rada električne kosilice za održavanje travnjaka kojom se upravlja putem mobilnog telefona uz pomoć Bluetooth 2.0 tehnologije.
Endothelial TLR4 Activation by Endogenous Ligands Contributes to Small Blood Vessels Formation in Angiolipoma
Authors: Arciniegas Enrique
Published: November 2024

Angiolipomas are benign subcutaneous nodules characterized by the presence of mature adipocytes intermingled with cluster of small blood vessels, often displaying intraluminal fibrin microthrombi. It is known that fibrinogen and/or fibrin intraluminal and extracellular deposition during immune responses affect Endothelial Cell (EC) functioning and leukocyte trafficking. Also, it is known that Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) are not only expressed in Immune Cells (ICs) but also in ECs and that excessive endothelial activation through TLR interactions with endogenous ligands such as fibrinogen, Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs), Fibronectin (FN), Tenascin-C (TN-C), hyaluronan and galectin-3, contributes to EC dysfunction promoting endothelial proliferation, migration, apoptosis and tube-like structures formation. Nevertheless, studies involving the endothelial TLR4 activation by specific ligands and their contribution to the small blood vessels formation in angiolipoma has not been considered.

Herein, we show that in angiolipoma TLR4 and some of their ligands such as fibrinogen, FN, HSPGs including agrin, perlecan and Synd-1 and galectin-3 as well as some glycoconjugates associated to these ligands including VE-cadherin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, endoglin and CD44 were immunolocalized in the ECs from the small vessels and some ICs. We propose that in angiolipoma tissues galectin-3 oligomerization upon binding to these TLR4 endogenous ligands and glycoproteins associated can lead to the formation of gal-glycan lattices on the endothelial surface that might be facilitating not only the activation of TLR4, but also contributing to the vasculature formation regulated by signaling pathways mediated by certain cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
Síntesis de zeolita clinoptilolita a partir de silicoaluminato natural y latas de aluminio
Authors: Marín Sarahí Guerrero , Garcia Felipe Legorreta , Cabrera Gabriel Betanzos , Gil Alfonso Atitlán , Tapia Julio Cesar Juárez , Olguin Yaneth Rosario
Published: November 2024

Este estudio presenta una metodología para sintetizar zeolita clinoptilolita-heulandita utilizando como precursores residuos de aluminio post-consumo (hidróxido de aluminio-silicio (Al-Si(OH)n)), arena silicoaluminosa natural, KOH, NaOH, y como semilla, zeolita natural. La síntesis se llevó a cabo mediante el método hidrotermal a 180 °C durante 96 h, seguido de un enfriamiento natural. El análisis cristalográfico de los sólidos obtenidos de la reacción hidrotermal indicó la presencia de la fase clinoptilolita-heulandita. No obstante, se sigue presentando la fase amorfa de la arena silicoaluminosa natural que fue el precursor de sílice. El estudio de Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (MEB) confirma la presencia de dos grupos de partículas: el primer grupo presenta una morfología tipo de zeolita clinoptilolita-heulandita, en forma de láminas aglomeradas de un tamaño de 5.86 μm y en el otro grupo se observan partículas amorfas que oscilan de tamaño entre 10 y 26 μm.
ESTRATÉGIAS METODOLÓGICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL E PREVENÇÃO AO ABUSO NA ADOLESCÊNCIA
Authors: ANDRADE SALES FLÁVIA TIBURTINO DE
Published: November 2024

Observamos que muitos adolescentes e jovens enfrentam desafios ao lidar com sua própria sexualidade, resultando em relacionamentos abusivos, gravidez indesejada e doenças contagiosas. Essa realidade reflete a inadequação, superficialidade e fragmentação da educação sexual atual. Nas escolas, a maioria das iniciativas ainda se concentra em abordagens biológicas e científicas do corpo humano, frequentemente ocorrendo de maneira esporádica e sem um planejamento consistente. Nesse contexto, este estudo buscou implementar e analisar estratégias metodológicas na abordagem da educação sexual para capacitar adolescentes a vivenciarem uma sexualidade saudável e responsável. Trata-se de uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação, com caráter descritivo. O estudo foi realizado de março a dezembro de 2023 durante as aulas da disciplina Eletiva. Envolveu 44 estudantes da 1° e 2° série do Ensino Médio de uma Escola Estadual de Cajazeiras-PB, com idades entre 15 e 21 anos. A coleta de dados, realizada através de questionários mistos, observação participante e anotações sistematizadas, foi analisada utilizando a técnica de análise de conteúdo. As etapas da pesquisa incluíram: curadoria de conteúdos e estratégias metodológicas; avaliação diagnóstica; elaboração do projeto de intervenção; encontros semanais com abordagem de temas através de metodologias ativas; avaliação das atividades; e produção de um mapa de atividades. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos participantes não havia participado de projetos de educação sexual anteriormente (53%), não conversava sobre sexo com os pais (61%) e já havia se colocado em situações de risco. Apesar do constrangimento inicial ao tratar de questões sexuais, os estudantes demonstraram interesse e engajamento nas atividades propostas. A percepção de 86% dos participantes indicou que as estratégias implementadas foram eficazes, fortalecendo conhecimentos e habilidades, sendo recomendadas para se trabalhar com adolescentes. Este estudo destaca a importância de abordagens ativas na educação sexual, fornecendo insights valiosos para futuras intervenções educacionais.
CÍRCULO DE LEITURA NA FORMAÇÃO DISCENTE: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE GÊNERO E DIVERSIDADE SEXUAL EM UMA ESCOLA DE ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: SANTOS DIOGO TAVARES DOS
Published: November 2024

O círculo de leitura é um espaço de aprendizagem enriquecido pela troca de experiências, debates e reflexões para aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a temática abordada. Este trabalho é uma consequência de uma experiência vivenciada no componente curricular “Gênero e diversidade sexual” em uma escola de tempo integral do ensino médio na cidade do Icó – Ceará. Tal relato tem como objetivo traçar reflexões em torno da leitura de alguns artigos que compõe o livro “Mulheres na ciência: Diálogos sobre gênero e diversidade nas escolas e na universidade” utilizando o círculo de leitura como ferramenta pedagógica. Para este fim, neste relato de experiência, descreveremos a metodologia empregada, abordando as discussões realizadas nos encontros ocorridos de março a junho, envolvendo 25 estudantes do 1º e 2º ano do ensino médio. Os encontros promoviam colaboração e partilha de conhecimentos, com revisão de temas anteriores e discussão de novos tópicos para estimular debates e reflexões. Os/As estudantes foram incentivados/as a participar ativamente, expressando suas opiniões e compartilhando experiências pessoais relacionadas aos temas discutidos, para garantir a participação de todos/as e enriquecer o aprendizado coletivo. Os feedbacks dos/as estudantes foram coletados regularmente por meio de questionários anônimos, permitindo ajustes contínuos na metodologia para atender melhor às necessidades do grupo. Os resultados das discussões foram compilados e analisados, evidenciando um aumento significativo no engajamento e na compreensão dos temas propostos. Por fim, concluímos que o círculo de leitura é uma ferramenta metodológica que pode ser aplicado em qualquer temática e como consequência percebemos uma elevação no interesse as discussões que envolviam gênero e diversidade sexual no espaço escolar. Esperamos que esta experiência possa servir de modelo para futuras iniciativas educacionais, promovendo um ensino mais dinâmico e inclusivo, além do pensamento crítico dos/as estudantes.