bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histiocytic pleural effusion: The strong clue to malignancy
Authors: Chae Ganghee , Jun Jae-Bum , Jung Hwa Sik , Park Chui Yong , Kim Jin Hyoung , Kang Byung Ju , Kang Hyeon Hui , Ra Seung Won , Seo Kwang Won , Jegal Yangjin , Ahn Jong Joon , Park Sang Hyuk , Lee Taehoon
Published: April 2021

Background

There have been many studies on the clinical characteristics of neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and/or eosinophilic pleural effusion. While caring for patients with pleural effusion, we found that histiocytic pleural effusion (HisPE) was not uncommon. However, few studies have explored HisPE. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical characteristics and etiologies of HisPE.
Methods

In this retrospective study, HisPE was defined as pleural fluid white blood cells comprised of ≥ 50% histiocytes. Using a clinical data warehouse, patients with HisPE among all patients aged > 18 years who underwent thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis between January 2010 and December 2019 at Ulsan University Hospital were enrolled. A total of 295 (9.0%) of 3279 patients who underwent thoracentesis were identified as HisPE patients. Among them, 201 with exudative HisPE were included. Clinical characteristics and etiologies were extracted from medical records and analyzed.
Results

Among the 201 patients with exudative HisPE, the major causes were malignant pleural effusion (n = 102 [50.7%]), parapneumonic effusion (n = 9 [4.5%]), and tuberculous pleurisy (n = 9 [4.5%]). In the 102 patients with malignant pleural effusion, the main types of cancer were lung (n = 42 [41.2%]), breast (n = 16 [15.7%]), and stomach cancer (n = 11 [10.8%]). Among lung cancers, adenocarcinoma (n = 34 [81.0%]) was the most common histology.
Conclusions

The leading cause of exudative HisPE was malignancy, particularly lung cancer. Physicians should consider the possibility of malignant disease if histiocytes are predominantly present in pleural effusion.
Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Location Determination of Hydropsyche Fryeri (Insecta: Trichoptera)
Authors: Li Yimin , Qin Honglin , Zhong Xifa , Huang Jingcai , Wang Yujun , Wang Hong , Lan Yu , Zheng Ruxia , Huang Xiaochan
Published: April 2021

Hydropsyche fryeri belongs to the Trichopteridae family and builds nests in clean and unpolluted streams using stones. It also can be used as an indicator of water quality. Here, we describe the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Hydropsyche fryeri. The mitochondrial genome is 15,676 bp long and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and an AT-rich control region. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that Hydropsyche fryeri is more closely related to the family Hydroptera than other Trichoptera.
Non-elective and Revision Arthroplasty Are Independently Associated With Hip and Knee Prosthetic Joint Infection Caused by Acinetobacter Baumannii: a Brazilian Single Center Observational Cohort Study of 98 Patients
Authors: Silva Raquel Bandeira , Araujo Rodrigo Otavio , Salles Mauro José
Published: April 2021

Background: Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has become a growing concern due to its overwhelming ability to express resistance to antibiotics and produce biofilm. Aim: This study aimed to identify independent risk factors (RFs) associated with Ab-PJI and its role in the treatment outcome. Methods: Single-center retrospective, cohort study of PJI patients diagnosed between January 2014 and July 2018. PJI diagnosis was based upon MSIS 2018 criterium. To estimate RFs associated with Ab-PJI, multivariate analyses with level of significance of p < 0.05 was performed. To evaluate treatment failure, the Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis and log-rank test was performed.Results: Overall, 98 PJI cases were assessed, including 33 with Ab-PJI and 65 with PJI due to other microorganisms (Non-Ab-PJI). Independent RFs associated with Ab-PJI were revision arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR] = 3.01; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.15–7.90, p = 0.025) and non-elective arthroplasty (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.01–7.01, p = 0.049). Ab-PJI was also more likely to be classified as a chronic late infection (OR = 5.81; 95% CI = 2.1–16.07, p = 0.001) than Non-Ab-PJI. Ab-PJI was not associated with treatment failure (p = 0.557). Conclusions: Late chronic infections, surgical revision, and non-elective arthroplasty are well-known predictors of PJI, but were also independently associated with Ab-PJI. High selective pressure imposed by misuse of antibiotics is likely to have played a role. Infections caused by Ab and surgical treatment with DAIR were not associated with PJI treatment failure. Trial registration: Study data supporting our results were registered at an open access virtual platform for registration of studies on humans performed in Brazil. The Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-6ft5yb/Register Number: RBR-6ft5yb
Microfluidic on-chip Production of Alginate Hydrogels Using Double Co-flow Geometry
Authors: Sattari Amirmohammad , Janfaza Sajad , Keshtiban Mohsen Mashhadi , Tasnim Nishat , Hanafizadeh Pedram , Hoorfar Mina
Published: April 2021

Microfluidic on-chip production of microgels employing external gelation has numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications, particularly for the encapsulation of delicate cargos, however, the on-chip production of microgels in microfluidic devices can be challenging due to problems such as clogging caused by accelerated progress in precursor solution viscosity. Here, we introduce a novel microfluidic design incorporating two consecutive co-flow geometries for microfluidic droplet generation. A shielding oil phase is employed to avoid emulsification and gelation stages from occurring simultaneously, thereby preventing clogging. The results revealed that the microfluidic device could generate highly monodispersed spherical droplets (coefficient of variation < 3%) with an average diameter in the range of 60–200 μm. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the device could appropriately create a shelter of the oil phase around the inner aqueous phase regardless of the droplet formation regime and flow conditions. The ability of the proposed microfluidic device in the generation of microgels was validated by producing alginate microgels utilizing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride as the continuous phase.
Fixation Stability and Deviation in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Using Soft Contact Lens Correction in Myopes
Authors: Lam Andrew Kwok-cheung , Lau Kenny Kin-hei , Wong Ho-yin , Lam Jasmine Pui-kwan , Yeung Man-for
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo compare fixation deviation and stability with soft contact lens correction and device built-in auto-focus system during optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis observational study measured OCTA metrics first with contact lens correction, followed by removal of contact lenses, using the device auto-focus system at a University Optometry Clinic, Hong Kong. All participants were habitual soft contact lens wearers with either low or high myopia. OCTA measurements were obtained using a spectral domain OCTA. Fixation deviation was distance (in pixels) of the fovea to the center of the OCTA measurement grid. Fixation stability was test-retest repeatability (TRR) and coefficient of variation (CV) of fixation deviation from three consecutive OCTA measurements. OCTA metrics included vessel length density (VD), perfusion density (PD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Averaged OCTA metrics were calculated from three measurements and compared between the two correction methods.ResultsThe mean ± SD spherical equivalent of 74 eyes from 74 myopes measured was -1.94D ± 0.75D in low myopes (n=37) and -7.97D ± 1.31D in high myopes (n=37). When corrected with contact lenses, visual acuities of high myopes (median [IQR], -0.06 [0.08] logMAR) and low myopes (0.02 ± 0.08 logMAR) were similar (P = 0.060), and with similar fixation deviation (5.0 ± 2.2 pixels vs 5.3 [3.6] pixels; P = 0.689). High myopes had poorer fixation stability than low myopes (TRR: 10.2 pixels vs 7.5 pixels; CV: 65% vs 54%, respectively). The worst fixation stability occurred when high myopes were corrected using the auto-focus system (TRR: 12.5 pixels, CV: 72%). The difference in VD and PD was within 1mm-1 and 1%, respectively. The FAZ area was similar.Conclusions High myopes had more stable fixation when corrected when wearing contact lenses. Subjects with good contact lens corrected visual acuity should wear their contact lenses during OCTA measurements.
An Optimal Bit Allocation Scheme Based on Genetic Algorithm for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio NetworksAn Optimal Bit Allocation Scheme Based on Genetic Algorithm for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Luo Junhai , Wang Zhiyan , Tian Yuxin , Chen Yu
Published: April 2021

In cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), there are two ways for the secondary users (SU) to deliver their sensing data or local decisions to the information fusion center (FC): hard-decision (HD) and soft-decision (SD). In HD or SD, the number of bits transmitted by the SUs is always the same and static. However, considering the differences of different SUs in the environment, remaining energy, distances to the FC, and so on, the number of bits transmitted by different SUs should be different. Besides, the reliability of transmitted data by different SUs to the FC is also different. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimized bit allocation scheme based on the genetic algorithm (GA-BAS) for CSS in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In the proposed scheme, the number of bits transmitted by each SU is different and would be allocated by the FC according to GA-BAS algorithm, and the FC would fuse the transmitted data by each SU with an allocated weight, which could represent the reliability of the SU. Firstly, a simple quantization scheme based on the sub-partitioning of the local decision space is designed to quantify the raw sensing data. Then, the objective function of the overall detection probability and the objective function of energy consumption about the number of allocated bits and the value of the allocated weight of each SU are derived. Finally, the number of allocated bits of each SU would be optimized by an improved genetic algorithm, and an overall decision rule would be given to obtain a global decision. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme (GA-BAS) gets a tradeoff between energy consumption and detection performance. In addition, the proposed algorithm achieves better detection performance, which is close to that of the equal gain combining scheme (EGC), but consumes less energy.
Mathematical Model of SMD of Hydrodynamic Ultrasonic Atomizing Nozzle Based on Orthogonal Design
Authors: Wu Gaogao , Wang Pengfei , Tian Chang , Liu Ronghua , Han Han
Published: April 2021

The hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomization nozzle has excellent atomization performance and has a wide range of applications in the field of spray dust reduction. A mathematical model the SMD of the nozzle was established to evaluate the SMD of such nozzles using the custom-designed spraying experiment platform and orthogonal design methods. The interaction between the SMD of the nozzle and the three influencing factors, i.e., air pressure, water pressure and outlet diameter were obtained. Through range analysis, the primary and secondary order of the three parameters affecting SMD of the nozzle is: air pressure > water pressure > outlet diameter. On this basis, a mathematical model was constructed using a multivariate nonlinear regression method to estimate the SMD of the nozzle. The predicted values of the SMD of the nozzle by the multivariate nonlinear regression mathematical model were basically consistent with the experimental results, with an average relative error of only about 5%. Thus the established mathematical model in this paper can be used to predict and calculate the droplet size for hydrodynamic ultrasonic atomizing nozzles.
Decreased Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability and Potentially Related Brain Regions In Arteriosclerotic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Zhang Miaoyi , Yu Huan , Tang Weijun , Ding Ding , Tang Jie , Liu Na , Xue Yang , Ren Xue , Shi Langfeng , Fu Jianhui
Published: April 2021

Background To assess heart rate variability(HRV) among patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) by comparing with control subjects, and to determine whether HRV parameters were related to structural alterations in brain regions involved in autonomic regulation among CSVD patients. MethodsWe consecutively recruited subjects aged between 50 and 80 years who visited the Sleep Center of Huashan Hospital from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019. Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was scanned before enrollment. 63 patients were assigned to the arteriosclerotic CSVD group and 46 to the control group. Polysomnography and synchronous analyses of HRV were performed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between HRV parameters and CSVD. A number of 24 CSVD patients and 21 control participants further underwent three-dimensional brain volume scan, and the voxel based morphometry (VBM) analysis was used to identify gray matter atrophy.ResultsLower standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals(SDNN, OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.903 to 0.985, P=0.009) and higher ratio of low to high frequency power (LF/HF, OR=4.372, 95% CI 1.033 to 18.508, P=0.045) during the sleep period were associated with CSVD, independent of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and sleep disordered breathing. Based on VBM results, SDNN during the awake time (b=0.544, 95% CI 0.211 to 0.877, P=0.001) and the sleep period(b=0.532, 95% CI 0.202 to 0.862, P=0.001) were both positively related with gray matter thickness within the right inferior frontal gyrus only among CSVD patients.ConclusionsDecreased nocturnal HRV may be associated with arteriosclerotic CSVD independent of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors and sleep disordered breathing. The structural atrophy of some brain regions associated with cardiac autonomic regulation sheds light on the potential relationship.Trial registration Trial registration number: ChiCTR1800017902.Date of registration: 2018-08-20
Treatment with Dry Hydrogen Peroxide Accelerates the Decay of Severe Acute Syndrome Coronavirus-2 on Non-porous Hard Surfaces
Authors: Huang Yan-Jang S. , Bilyeu Ashley N. , Hsu Wei-Wen , Hettenbach Susan M. , Willix Joshua L. , Stewart Savannah , Higgs Stephen , Vanlandingham Dana L.
Published: April 2021

Background.

Disinfection of contaminated or potentially contaminated surfaces has become an integral part of the mitigation strategies for controlling coronavirus disease 2019. Whilst a broad range of disinfectants are effective in inactivating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), application of disinfectants has a low throughput in areas that receive treatments. Disinfection of large surface areas often involves the use of reactive microbiocidal materials, including ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide vapor. Albeit these methods are highly effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2, the deployment of these approaches creates unacceptable health hazards and precludes the treatment of occupied indoor spaces using existing disinfection technologies. Deployment of dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) is an emerging pathogen reduction technology, which produces hydrogen peroxide in the ambient atmosphere at 5 and 25 parts per billion using a commercially available catalytic unit. The low concentration of hydrogen peroxide released using DHP technology has been found to be tolerated by humans in indoor spaces and is effective in inactivating bacterial pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections. In this study, the feasibility of using DHP in inactivating SARS-CoV-2 on contaminated surfaces in large indoor spaces was evaluated.
Methods.

Glass slides were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 and treated with DHP for up to 24 hours. Residual infectious virus samples were eluted and titrated in African green monkey VeroE6 cells.
Results.

In comparison with the observed relatively high stability of SARS-CoV-2 on contaminated glass slides in the control group, residual infectious titers of glass slides inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 were significantly reduced after receiving 120 minutes of DHP treatment.
Conclusions.

The accelerated decay of SARS-CoV-2 on contaminated glass slides suggests that treatment with DHP can be an effective surface disinfection method for occupied indoor spaces.
The carbon economics of vegetative phase change: why plants make juvenile and adult leaves
Authors: Lawrence Erica , Springer Clint , Helliker Brent , Poethig Scott
Published: April 2021

Across plant species and biomes, a conserved set of leaf traits govern the economic strategy used to assimilate and invest carbon. As plants age, they face new challenges that may require shifts in this leaf economic strategy. In this study, we investigate the role of the developmental transition, vegetative phase change (VPC), in altering carbon economics as plants age. We used overexpression of miR156, the master regulator of VPC, to modulate the timing of VPC in Populus tremula x alba, Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays to understand the impact of this transition on leaf economic traits, including construction cost, payback time, and return on investment. Here we find that VPC regulates the shift from a low-cost, quick return juvenile strategy to a high-cost, high-return adult strategy. The juvenile strategy is advantageous in light-limited conditions, whereas the adult strategy provides greater returns in high-light. The transition between these strategies is correlated with the developmental decline in the level of miR156, suggesting that is regulated by the miR156/SPL pathway. Our results provide an eco-physiological explanation for the existence of juvenile and adult leaf types, and suggest that natural selection for these alternative economic strategies could be an important factor in plant evolution.
The trade-off between GDP and CO2 emissions in poor countries: A dynamic common correlated effects approach for unbalanced panel data
Authors: Duong Quoc Khanh
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the term "climate change" has been increasingly receiving a lot of attention from scholars and policy makers, adversely affecting the lives of people (mostly of the poor) around the world in the present, and threatening the environment quality in the future. With many concerns about environmental degradation, countries tend to transform economic growth models causing negative impacts on the environment, especially for those in the stage of industrialization and modernization. This study was aimed at investigating the trade-offs between economic development and climate change among poor nations – the most affected by and most likely causing to climate change. By using a dynamic common correlated effects approach for unbalanced panel data which deals with cross-sectional dependency and time-series persistence, the paper showed that GDP is strongly correlated to CO2 emissions both in the short and long run, and one of the reasons is the use of CO2-generating energy sources.JEL classification: C23, O44, Q54
Containing Airborne Transmission of COVID-19 and Its Implications for Global Economic Recovery
Authors: Ray Achintya
Published: April 2021

COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China; however, it took international health experts another six months to establish the airborne nature of transmission of the disease. The transmission of the infection through aerosolized virus particles opens a new frontier in global pandemic control initiatives. It necessitates the need for appropriate economic policies to end the COVID-19 recession in most parts of the world. Mass vaccination and herd immunity are potent tools in combatting the challenge of COVID-19. Global vaccination against the disease is also gaining momentum. However, new variants and infection surges threaten to undermine critical gains. Furthermore, complete vaccination of the world population may be many years away. Therefore, it is essential to design public policies and business strategies in a world of great uncertainty. Understanding the airborne transmission of coronavirus will help business leaders craft meaningful operational procedures to protect their stakeholders and minimize costly business disruptions. It will also help the policymakers to avoid economically costly lockdowns. International success in indoor air purification, outdoor air pollution mitigation, widespread adoption of hand hygiene, and universal mask usage can significantly help pandemic control and increase the efficacy of various pandemic control measures. Controlling the pandemic may help countries in opening their economies and kickstarting global travel in the post-COVID-19 world. Such actions may also help in lessening the global burden of many other respiratory diseases. They may, in turn, save countless lives while dramatically reducing premature deaths. Such health gains may be conducive towards boosting GDP, decreasing healthcare costs, increasing productivity, and improving health equities. Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic remains the prime directive of all global public policy measures. Investments in aerosolized virus particle transmission mitigation offer a unique opportunity to achieve health improvement goals whose positive impacts may remain potent for generations to come.
The Role of Health Promotion in Management Development. A Systematic Review of Training Concepts in an Organizational Context
Authors: Kraft Michael Hans Gino
Published: April 2021

Economic success often depends on the health of managers and employees in the company. In this context, health promotion programs are becoming increasingly important to ensure the quality of work and for reducing absenteeism. Although academic interest in the study of individual health in organizations is growing, there is still a need for research to fully understand its potential in the area of management development as well. Under this premise, this article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on health-promoting aspects in the context of management development. The purpose of this work is to systematically deepen the understanding of corporate health promotion by reviewing the relevance of health-related aspects in management training concepts. Given this evidence, this work contains a systematic literature review about management training programs and empirical contributions. The review took place between November 2020 and February 2021 by using different scientometric databases such as Econbiz, Scopus and Web of Science. Among 56 identified publications, 20 studies address such management training concepts in the context of health issues. The paper provides initial evidence of differing understandings of health promotion in management development and identifies difficulties in implementing and prioritizing health promotion in training programs on the management level. Even though health-promoting topics are becoming increasingly important, self-leadership aspects still play a subordinate role in development programs. The study proved that despite the economic importance of the individual health of employees and managers, health promotion is still seen as a self-reflective task. Practitioners are therefore invited to test the potential of health-promoting elements in management training and to implement them in organizational reality.
Современная тромболитическая терапия у больных с признаками остро возникшей окклюзии коронарной артерии
Authors: Явелов И. С.
Published: April 2021

Быстрое, полное и стойкое восстановление кровотока по коронарной артерии (реперфузионная терапия) – основа лечения больных с сохраняющейся острой тромботической окклюзией крупного сосуда, кровоснабжающего миокард, в типичном случае приводящей к возникновению затяжного ангинозного приступа и достаточно продолжительных (обычно более 20 мин) подъемов сегмента ST на ЭКГ [1–5].
Лимфома Ходжкина
Authors: Пивник А. В. , Шаркунов Н. Н.
Published: April 2021

В обзорной клинической статье приводятся сведения о патогенезе, диагностике и лечении лимфомы Ходжкина, рассматриваются вопросы ранней диагностики, подчеркивается роль раннего морфологического исследования, лучевых методов диагностики, необходимость создания семенного фонда у молодых мужчин перед началом химиотерапии, важность строгого соблюдения стадирования, уточнения факторов прогноза, неукоснительного соблюдения программ терапии.
Гиперфосфатемия при хронической болезни почек
Authors: Мартынов С. А. , Бирагова М. С. , Шамхалова М. Ш. , Шестакова М. В.
Published: April 2021

Почки играют ведущую роль в регуляции и поддержании физиологического уровня фосфора в организме. В норме уровень фосфора в сыворотке крови составляет от 0,81 до 1,45 ммоль/л [1].
Changes in length of rainy season and rainfall extremes under moderate greenhouse gas emission scenario in the Vea catchment, Ghana
Authors: Larbi Isaac , Enoch Bessah , Nyamekye Clement , Amuzu Joshua , Okafor Gloria C. , Kwawuvi Daniel , Asare Yaw Mensah
Published: April 2021

The economic implications of extreme climate changes are found to impact sub-Saharan Africa negatively. This study aimed to analyze projected changes in length of rainy season (LRS), and rainfall extreme indices at the Vea catchment, Ghana. The analysis was performed using high-resolution simulated rainfall data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model under moderate greenhouse gas emission scenario for the period 2020–2049 relative to the 1981–2010 period. LRS was computed from the difference between rainfall onset and cessation dates, and its trends were assessed using Mann–Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator. Annual rainfall intensity and frequency indices were computed. Results showed an increase in mean LRS from 168 to 177 days, which was at a rate of 1 day/year in the future (2020–2049). The LRS increase would be more significant at northern and south-western parts of the catchment. Rainfall intensity and frequency indices are projected to increase at spatial scale across the catchment. Projected changes in rainfall extremes could increase the frequency and intensity of drought and flood events. Thus, it is necessary to integrate suitable climate change adaptation measures such as rainwater harvesting, flood control measures, and development of early warning systems in the planning process by decision-makers at the catchment.
Thermodynamic analysis of single slope solar still using graphite plates and block magnets at seasonal climatic conditions
Authors: Dhivagar R. , Mohanraj M. , Raj Praveen , Gopidesi Radha Krishna
Published: April 2021

In this research, the thermodynamic (energy and exergy) analysis of a single slope solar still using graphite plates and block magnets (GPBMSS) was investigated during summer and winter climatic conditions of Coimbatore city (latitude: 11°01′68′′N and longitude: 76°95′58′′E), in India, 2019. The results observed in GPBMSS were compared with a conventional solar still (CSS) under the same climatic conditions. The outcomes observed that the hourly productivity in GPBMSS was 19.6% and 22.8% higher in summer and winter days, respectively, when compared to CSS. The cumulative productivity in GPBMSS was found to be about 3.93 kg/m2 and 3.56 kg/m2 respectively, for 12 h observations during summer and winter days. Furthermore, the energy and exergy efficiencies of GPBMSS were substantially improved by 20.6% and 18.1% when compared to CSS during summer days. Similarly, the energy and exergy efficiencies of GPBMSS were increased by 18 and 19% compared to CSS in winter days. In addition, the maximum basin exergy destruction was observed in CSS compared to other solar still components. The results observed that the heat storage ability of the graphite plates and water magnetization in GPBMSS greatly decreased the exergy destructions. Finally, the water quality analysis proved that the distillate collected from both GPBMSS and CSS satisfied the requirements recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Primer Alt Oblik Hiperfonksiyonu Olan Hastalarda Dezinsersiyon, Miyektomi, Öne Transpozisyon ve Geriletme Cerrahilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: SAVRAN ELİBOL Emine , TURAN Ece , TÜKENMEZ Nejla , NOHUTÇU Ahmet
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmada primer alt oblik hiperfonksiyonu (AOHF) olan hastalarda dezinsersiyon, miyektomi, öne transpozisyon ve geriletme cerrahilerini karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Primer AOHF tanısı ile ameliyat edilen 64 hastanın (30 erkek, 34 kadın) 91 gözü ret-rospektif olarak incelendi. Sekonder AOHF ve retina ya da optik ortamlara ait organik patoloji olan hastalar dışlandı. Örtme–açma testinden sonra hastanın yaş ve kooperasyonuna göre kayma açısı çubuk prizmalarla veya Hirschberg kornea ışık refleksi testiyle ölçüldü. Göz dışı kas hareketleri düksiyon ve versiyon muayene¬siyle değerlendirildi. AOHF klinik olarak Del Monte ve Parks’ın metotlarına göre pupillanın addüksiyonda üst kapakla ilişkisine göre değerlendirildi. Hastalar ameliyat sonrası 1. hafta, 1. ay, 3. ay ve 6. ayda kontrol edildi.
Bulgular: Hastaların 16’sında (%17,6) öne transpozisyon, 15’inde (%16,5) dezinsersiyon, 23’ünde (%25,2) mi¬yektomi, 37’sinde (%40,7) geriletme uygulandı. Yirmi beş (%27,5) hastada ameliyat sonrası rezidü AOHF saptandı. Tek gözü opere edilen hastaların 12’sinde (%31,6) diğer gözde de AOHF gelişti. Operasyon başarısı ameliyat tipine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermedi (p>0,05). Ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası gör¬me keskinliği ve sferik ölçüm değerleri ameliyat tipine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermedi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Miyektomi, dezinsersiyon, geriletme ve öne transpozisyonun AOHF tedavisi için kabul edilebilir düzeyde düşük komplikasyon oranlarına sahip, kolay, seri ve etkili cerrahi yöntemler olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.
REDES AGROALIMENTARES ALTERNATIVAS: UM OLHAR SOBRE A CENTRAL DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR E ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE (CECAFES)
Authors: Amaral Letícia de Souza , Santos Carine de Jesus , Costa Fernando Bastos , Moura Joana Tereza Vaz de , Torres Fátima de Lima
Published: April 2021

Diante da transição do regime alimentar em direção a um modelo mais sustentável, que busca harmonizar a produção e distribuição, tem-se observado o surgimento de experiências locais que propõem formas alternativas de distribuir os alimentos. Sendo assim, este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a formação das Redes Alimentares Alternativas, analisando o caso da Central de Comercialização da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária no Rio Grande do Norte. As fontes utilizadas foram: documentos e entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores, consumidores e a gestora da organização. A partir dessas informações, foi possível descrever a atuação da CECAFES no ano de 2017.  A experiência, apesar de recente, apresenta impactos positivos para os produtores. Foi possível constatar que esses conseguiram romper com a dependência em relação ao atravessador; os produtores são conduzidos a fornecer produtos mais confiáveis, com o objetivo de atender a demanda do seu consumidor; esses agricultores gozam de maior independência financeira, dado que eles recebem maior parte do dinheiro no curto prazo. No entanto, apesar do êxito da Central, ainda são muitos os desafios, tais como a falta de políticas públicas que potencializem a experiência; problemas relacionados a sazonalidade dos produtos; o consumidor ainda não é devidamente consciente; bem como há a ausência de campanhas com o objetivo de incentivar o consumo de produtos oriundos da agricultura familiar.

Palavras-chaves: Redes alimentares alternativas. CECAFES. Agricultores. Consumidores.
4-6 Yaş Çocuğa Sahip Ailelerin Covid-19 Pandemi Sürecinde Çocukları İle İletişimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Döğer Saniye Selin , Kılınç Fatma Elif
Published: April 2021

Özel ve sosyal hayatı sınırlandıran bir dönem olan Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde çocuklar ve anne babalar uzun ve belirsiz bir süre karantina dönemi yaşadı. Bu araştırma anne babaların çocukları ile olan iletişimlerinde pandemi öncesi ve sırasında meydana gelen değişimi değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Arabacı tarafından 2011 yılında geliştirilen Anne-Baba-Çocuk İletişimini Değerlendirme Aracı (ABÇİDA) kullanılmıştır. IBM SPSS Statistic 22 paket programı ile veriler analiz edilmiş, Covid-19 Pandemi öncesi ve Covid-19 Pandemi sırası arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla Paired Sample T Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 48-72 aylık çocuğa sahip 212 anne baba katılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre anne - baba - çocuk iletişiminde konuşma, dinleme ve mesaj alt boyutlarında pandemi öncesi ve pandemi sırasında anlamlı farklılık görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre sosyal hayatın sınırlandırılması, anne babaların çocukları ile geçirdikleri sürenin artması, rutinlerinde meydana gelen ani değişikliklerin anne baba çocuk arasındaki iletişimi etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır.
New Contemplation Upon Subjective Memory Complaints as a Self- Report Criterion for MCI Diagnosis
Authors: Papirovitz Merav , Gigi Ariela
Published: April 2021

Background:

Subjective memory complaints are a key component in mild cognitive impairment
(MCI) diagnosis. However, studies that examined memory awareness among MCI participants
have published contradictory results. One possible explanation for the inconsistent findings
could be the disregard from the multidimensional structure of subjective memory.

Objectives:

The present study is directed at assessing subjective memory among healthy and MCI
participants, referring to three main types of memory: episodic, semantic, and working memory.

Methods:

Participants were 123 adults (aged 50-90). They were divided into two groups, the MCI
group, and the control group, according to their objective cognitive performance in RAVL or Mo-
CA tests. All participants filled a subjective memory questionnaire, assessing their awareness of
episodic, semantic, and working memory.

Results:

MCI participants estimated their semantic memory as significantly lower in comparison to
the estimation of the healthy controls. By contrast, MCI participants showed an overestimation of
their episodic memory capabilities compared to the control group. No significant difference was
found between groups (MCI and healthy controls) in evaluating their working memory. In addition,
for both groups, Pearson’s correlation revealed a significant negative correlation between age
and semantic memory evaluation. Such correlation was not found for subjective episodic memory.

Discussion:

Findings suggest that while people with MCI exhibit poor awareness of their episodic
and working memory capabilities, their awareness of their decrease in semantic memory is apparently
intact. Therefore, it is suggested that when using the self-report criterion for MCI diagnosis,
clinicians should consider the patient’s’ semantic memory complaints.
Satisfaction, Usability, and Compliance With the Use of Smartwatches for Ecological Momentary Assessment of Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms in Older Adults: Usability Study
Authors: Rouzaud Laborde Charlotte , Cenko Erta , Mardini Mamoun T , Nerella Subhash , Kheirkhahan Matin , Ranka Sanjay , Fillingim Roger B , Corbett Duane B , Weber Eric , Rashidi Parisa , Manini Todd
Published: April 2021

Background

Smartwatches enable physicians to monitor symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis, their behavior, and their environment. Older adults experience fluctuations in their pain and related symptoms (mood, fatigue, and sleep quality) that smartwatches are ideally suited to capture remotely in a convenient manner.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate satisfaction, usability, and compliance using the real-time, online assessment and mobility monitoring (ROAMM) mobile app designed for smartwatches for individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Participants (N=28; mean age 73.2, SD 5.5 years; 70% female) with reported knee osteoarthritis were asked to wear a smartwatch with the ROAMM app installed. They were prompted to report their prior night’s sleep quality in the morning, followed by ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of their pain, fatigue, mood, and activity in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Satisfaction, comfort, and usability were evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Compliance with regard to answering EMAs was calculated after excluding time when the watch was not being worn for technical reasons (eg, while charging).

Results

A majority of participants reported that the text displayed was large enough to read (22/26, 85%), and all participants found it easy to enter ratings using the smartwatch. Approximately half of the participants found the smartwatch to be comfortable (14/26, 54%) and would consider wearing it as their personal watch (11/24, 46%). Most participants were satisfied with its battery charging system (20/26, 77%). A majority of participants (19/26, 73%) expressed their willingness to use the ROAMM app for a 1-year research study. The overall EMA compliance rate was 83% (2505/3036 responses). The compliance rate was lower among those not regularly wearing a wristwatch (10/26, 88% vs 16/26, 71%) and among those who found the text too small to read (4/26, 86% vs 22/26, 60%).

Conclusions

Older adults with knee osteoarthritis positively rated the ROAMM smartwatch app and were generally satisfied with the device. The high compliance rates coupled with the willingness to participate in a long-term study suggest that the ROAMM app is a viable approach to remotely collecting health symptoms and behaviors for both research and clinical endeavors.
Gender Differences in State Anxiety Related to Daily Function Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Questionnaire Study
Authors: Rosenblum Sara , Cohen Elimelech Ortal
Published: April 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to people’s day-to-day functioning and emotional and physical health, especially among older adults.

Objective

The aim of this study is to analyze gender differences in state anxiety, daily functional self-actualization, and functional cognition as well as the relationships among those factors in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

Methods

We collected data on the web from a sample of 204 people (102 men and 102 women) aged 60 years and older. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, we used the State-Trait Personality Inventory to assess state anxiety, the Daily Functional Actualization questionnaire to evaluate daily functional self-actualization, and the Daily Living Questionnaire to measure functional cognition.

Results

Significant gender differences were found for state anxiety (t202=−2.36, P=.02); daily functional self-actualization (t202=2.15, P=.03); and the functional cognition components: complex tasks (Z=−3.07, P=.002); cognitive symptoms that might be interfering (Z=−2.15, P=.028); executive functions (Z=−2.21, P=.024); and executive function monitoring (Z=−2.21, P=.027). Significant medium correlations were found between both state anxiety level and daily functional self-actualization (r=−0.62, P<.001) and functional cognition (r=0.37-0.40, P<.001). Gender predicted 3% of the variance in state anxiety level, while daily functional self-actualization predicted 41% and complex activities (Daily Living Questionnaire) predicted an additional 3% (F3,200=58.01, P<.001).

Conclusions

In older adults, anxiety is associated with cognitive decline, which may harm daily functional abilities and lead to social isolation, loneliness, and decreased well-being. Self-awareness and knowledge of gender differences and relationships between common available resources of daily functional self-actualization and functional cognition with anxiety may be strengthening factors in crisis periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Государственная политика Монголии по отношению к монгольской письменности
Authors:   Institute of International Affairs, Mongolian Academy of Sciences (Bldg. II, Baruun Selbe-15, Chingeltei District, Ulaanbaatar 15170, Mongolia), Kolyagiyn Demberel
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The Mongolian script is a prime example of the written culture of Mongols. Over the past 30 years, the Mongolian State and Government have been implementing step-by-step measures to restore and apply the Mongolian script. Goals. The survey study aims to provide an analysis on the content of each event thereto, scope of corresponding activities, and outcomes of those actions — and also identify at what level these orders and decrees are not being implemented, and what should be done to ensure that these measures be fully executed. Materials. The study analyzes decrees, orders and resolutions of the President and the Government of Mongolia. It largely focuses on the ‘National Program for Mongolian Script — I, II, III’ which was conducted by the Government since 1995. Results. The paper shows that the restoration of the national written language is one of the important tasks of the state system in Mongolia. The decree of the Small State Khural (1991) on the introduction of records management in Mongolian script in the country and the corresponding decree of the Great State Khural (1994) on the intensification of work for the implementation of this goal and the development of the National Program for Mongolian Script were of great importance for the restoration of the significance of Mongolian script. In subsequent years, the solution of the tasks was facilitated by decrees of the President of Mongolia on the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Mongolian script (2003) and on the expansion and acceleration of work on the use of Mongolian script (2018). The National Program developed in accordance with the decision of the supreme legislative body has been implemented since 1995 and contains tasks for the transition to the use of two scripts from 2025. But the measures that have been carried out since 1995 at various levels did not provide a sufficient basis for introduction of the two scripts (national Mongolian and Cyrillic ones) into the public life from 2025. However, in 2020, the practice of accelerated learning of the Mongolian script and its application began. At the moment, it is necessary to identify the difficulties that may arise when using two scripts in Mongolia since 2025. Thus, for a quarter of a century, the issue of restoring the status of the national writing system has been consistently resolved.
Семантика цветообозначения хар ‘черный’ в фольклорном тексте: лингвокультурологический аспект (на примере калмыцких сказок в записи Г. Й. Рамстедта)
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Bayanova Aleksandra T.
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The article analyzes semantic components and variants of the Kalmyk color term хар ‘black’ in folklore texts. Goals. The study investigates semantics of the color term хар ‘black’ in a linguocultural perspective. Materials. The work explores Kalmyk folktales recorded by the Finnish scholar G. J. Ramstedt during his scientific expedition to the Kalmyk Steppe. Results. The analysis reveals six shades of black and sums up its semantic constituents and variants. Special emphasis is laid on the applied Kalmyk-to-German translation means. Conclusions. The lexeme хар ‘black’ is distinguished by extensive semantics. It serves to denote animal coat and human skin colors. In personal names, it has the meaning of ‘strong, enduring’. The word can also identify an individual’s social status, e.g., хар яста күн ‘commoner’ (lit. ‘a black-boned man’). In most cases the lexeme хар ‘black’ contains negative connotations. The color black designates chthonian symbols (хар цурх ‘black pike’, хар темән ‘black camel’, ут хар күн lit. ‘tall (long) black man’).
Relocation and seismotectonic interpretation of the seismic swarm of August - December of 2012 in the Linares area, northeastern Mexico
Authors: Gómez-Arredondo Carmen M. , Montalvo-Arrieta Juan C. , Iglesias-Mendoza Arturo , Espíndola-Castro Victor H.
Published: April 2021

We relocated 52 events of 2.5 â‰¤ Mc â‰¤ 3.6 from a seismic sequence of over 250 events that occurred during July-December 2012 southwest of the Linares area, northeastern Mexico. To examine this swarm four seismic stations were installed in the region and operated during different time periods from September to December. Relocation of the swarm showed that the earthquake hypocentral depths were at 8 (Â±5) km, and the time residuals had values â‰¤ 0.38 s. The fault plane solutions were generated for individual earthquakes and through the use of the composite mechanism technique. The focal mechanism solutions show pure reverse faulting; the SW dipping NNW - SSE trending nodal plane is the inferred fault plane (strike ~150°, dip ~50° and rake ~67°), which reveals that maximum horizontal stress (SHmax > Shmin > Sv) predominates in the area.
Eliminated aliasing effect on wavelet transform based multiresolution analysis
Authors: González-Flores Ernesto , Campos-Enríquez José Oscar , Camacho-Ramírez Erick , Rivera-Recillas David Ernesto
Published: April 2021

Multiresolution analysis, based on the discrete wavelet transform, is here incorporated in seismic signal processing. This analysis technique enables decomposing a seismic signal, in different frequency bands, and thus to analyze the information contained in these frequency bands. Multiresolution analysis allows visualizing in the time domain the information contained in the frequency bands. Wavelets commonly used in the discrete wavelet transform present an overlay between scales, this constitutes an aliasing effect that gives rise to spurious effects. Vaidyanathan wavelet minimizes the overlay between scales. We applied this wavelet to synthetic data and to a 3D seismic cube. Accordingly, spurious effects from aliasing generated by overlay between scales are minimized with the Vaidyanathan wavelet.
Tsunami deposits of September 21st 1985 in Barra de Potosí: comparison with other studies and evaluation of some geological proxies for southwestern Mexico
Authors: Ocampo-Rios Brenda Grisset , D. Roy Priyadarsi , Macías Ma. Consuelo , Jonathan M.P. , Lozano-Santacruz Rufino
Published: April 2021

Residents of Barra de Potosí village in southwestern Mexico witnessed inundation by waves up to a distance of ~500 m from the shore after the Mw 7.5 earthquake on September 21st, 1985. Sediments deposited by the tsunami wave were identified near El Potosí estuary and their geological characteristics (sedimentology, mineralogy and chemical composition) were compared with pre-tsunami sediments and deposits from the nearby-unaffected area. Tsunami sediments were characterized by well and moderately well sorted (standard deviation: 0.4-0.7 Î¦) fine sand (mean size: 2.13-2.47 Î¦) and contain higher amounts of both finer and coarser fractions (negative to positive skewed) and had leptokurtic to extremely leptokurtic distribution. Sedimentological characteristics of tsunami and pre-tsunami deposits were similar. Abundance and association of heavy minerals were also comparable both in tsunami and pre-tsunami deposits. However, lower amounts of Br and Fe2O3 and higher SiO2 and TiO2 differentiate tsunami deposits from the pre-tsunami sediments. Comparison with sediments deposited during the tsunamis of March 14th, 1979, September 21st, 1985, and March 11th, 2011, in the region did not yield any characteristic signature. Except for stratigraphy (i.e., erosive base), no other geological characteristic was useful for identifying paleo-tsunami in the region.