bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multi-scale probabilistic atlas of the human connectome
Authors: Alemán-Gómez Yasser , Griffa Alessandra , Houde Jean-Christophe , Najdenovska Elena , Magon Stefano , Cuadra Meritxell Bach , Descoteaux Maxime , Hagmann Patric
Published: August 2022

The human brain is a complex system that can be efficiently represented as a network of structural connectivity. Many imaging studies would benefit from such network information, which is not always available. In this work, we present a whole-brain multi-scale structural connectome atlas. This tool has been derived from a cohort of 66 healthy subjects imaged with optimal technology in the setting of the Human Connectome Project. From these data we created, using extensively validated diffusion-data processing, tractography and gray-matter parcellation tools, a multi-scale probabilistic atlas of the human connectome. In addition, we provide user-friendly and accessible code to match this atlas to individual brain imaging data to extract connection-specific quantitative information. This can be used to associate individual imaging findings, such as focal white-matter lesions or regional alterations, to specific connections and brain circuits. Accordingly, network-level consequences of regional changes can be analyzed even in absence of diffusion and tractography data. This method is expected to broaden the accessibility and lower the yield for connectome research.
Effects of maternal age and offspring sex on milk yield, composition and calf growth of red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Pérez-Barbería F. J. , García A. J. , Brewer M. J. , Cappelli J. , Serrano M. P. , Gallego L. , Landete-Castillejos T.
Published: August 2022

Differential maternal allocation theory states that mothers will invest more heavily in the offspring sex that will secure higher reproductive output. Senescence theory is concerned with the gradual deterioration of physiological function with age. We analysed the offspring sex-dependent response of calf growth and milk traits to mother age in an Iberian population of captive red deer(Cervus elaphus)using a 22 year time series longitudinal data set. Previous studies revealed that there was little evidence for the differential allocation theory on milk traits and that most studies lacked proper control for confounding factors. Our results indicated that (i) calf growth was offspring male-biased, negatively affected by mother age and positively influenced by mother weight and parity, and (ii) there was no support for differential allocation offspring sex-dependence in milk traits (yield, energy density, fat, protein and lactose content). Our findings suggest that maternal allocation responds to offspring energy requirements, which are mainly driven by offspring body weight, and contingent on mother age and weight and previous maternal reproductive effort.
Magic wavelength for a rovibrational transition in molecular hydrogen
Authors: Jóźwiak H. , Wcisło P.
Published: August 2022

Molecular hydrogen, among other simple calculable atomic and molecular systems, possesses a huge advantage of having a set of ultralong living rovibrational states that make it well suited for studying fundamental physics. Further experimental progress will require trapping cold H2 samples. However, due to the large energy of the first electronic excitation, the conventional approach to finding a magic wavelength does not work for H2. We find a rovibrational transition for which the AC Stark shift is largely compensated by the interplay between the isotropic and anisotropic components of polarizability. The residual AC Stark shift can be completely eliminated by tuning the trapping laser to a specific “magic wavelength” at which the weak quadrupole polarizability cancels the residual dipole polarizability.
Oviposition stimulants underlying different preferences between host races in the leaf-mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: Katte Tomoko , Shimoda Shota , Kobayashi Takuya , Wada-Katsumata Ayako , Nishida Ritsuo , Ohshima Issei , Ono Hajime
Published: August 2022

The importance of plant chemistry in the host specialization of phytophagous insects has been emphasized. However, only a few chemicals associated with host shifting have been characterized. Herein, we focus on the leaf-mining mothAcrocercops transecta(Gracillariidae) consisting of ancestralJuglans(Juglandaceae)- and derivedLyonia(Ericaceae)-associated host races. The females of theLyoniarace laid eggs on a cover glass treated with anL.ovalifolialeaf extract; the extract was fractionated using silica gel and ODS column chromatography to isolate the oviposition stimulants. From a separated fraction, two analogousLyonia-specific triterpenoid glycosides were characterized as oviposition stimulants. Furthermore, we observed probable contact chemosensilla on the distal portion of the female antennae.Lyoniarace females laid their eggs on the non-hostJuglansafter the leaves were treated with aLyonia-specific oviposition stimulant, although they do not lay eggs onJuglans. These results suggest thatLyoniarace females do not lay eggs onJuglansleaves because the leaves do not contain specific oviposition stimulant(s). Otherwise, the activity of the oviposition stimulants overcomes oviposition deterrents contained inJuglansleaves. This paper describes the roles of plant chemicals in the different preferences between host races associated with distantly related plant taxa.
A Physarum-inspired approach to the Euclidean Steiner tree problem
Authors: Hsu Sheryl , Massolo Fidel I. Schaposnik , Schaposnik Laura P.
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a novel biologically-inspired explore-and-fuse approach to solving a large array of problems. The inspiration comes from Physarum, a unicellular slime mold capable of solving the traveling salesman and Steiner tree problems. Besides exhibiting individual intelligence, Physarum can also share information with other Physarum organisms through fusion. These characteristics of Physarum imply that spawning many such organisms we can explore the problem space in parallel, each individual gathering information and forming partial solutions pertaining to a local region of the problem space. When the organisms meet, they fuse and share information, eventually forming one organism which has a global view of the problem and can apply its intelligence to find an overall solution to the problem. This approach can be seen as a “softer” method of divide and conquer. We demonstrate this novel approach, developing the Physarum Steiner Algorithm which is capable of finding feasible solutions to the Euclidean Steiner tree problem. This algorithm is of particular interest due to its resemblance to Physarum polycephalum, ability to leverage parallel processing, avoid obstacles, and operate on various shapes and topological surfaces including the rectilinear grid.
Supplementation of mixed doses of glutamate and glutamine can improve the growth and gut health of piglets during the first 2 weeks post-weaning
Authors: Luise Diana , Correa Federico , Chalvon-Demersay Tristan , Galosi Livio , Rossi Giacomo , Lambert William , Bosi Paolo , Trevisi Paolo
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to test the effect of mixing doses of glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) on the growth, health and gut health of post-weaning piglets. One hundred twenty weaned piglets (24 ± 2 days of age) were assigned to 6 dietary groups: (1) standard diet (CO); (2) CO plus Glu (6 kg/Ton): 100Glu; (3) CO plus 75Glu + 25Gln; (4) CO plus 50Glu + 50Gln; (5) CO plus 25Glu + 75Gln and (6) CO plus 100Gln. At days 8 and 21, blood was collected for haematological and reactive oxygen metabolite analysis, intestinal mucosa for morphological and gene expression analysis, and caecal content for microbial analysis. Data were fitted using a Generalised Linear Model (GLM). Piglet growth increased linearly with an increase in Gln from d7 to d14. The Glu:Gln ratio had a quadratic effect on faecal consistency and days of diarrhoea, neutrophil% and lymphocyte%, and a positive linear effect on monocyte% in the blood at d8. The amino acids (AAs) reduced the intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunum, and 100Gln improved intestinal barrier integrity at d8. The caecal microbiota did not differ. Overall, this study suggested a favourable effect of mixing Glu and Gln (25 + 75–50 + 50) as a dietary supplementation in post-weaning piglets to benefit the immune and barrier function of the gut, resulting in an increase in faecal consistency and improvement of growth during the first 2 weeks post-weaning.
Dynamic patterning of microparticles with acoustic impulse control
Authors: Cox Luke , Croxford Anthony , Drinkwater Bruce W.
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the use of impulse control of an acoustic field to create complex and precise particle patterns and then dynamically manipulate them. We first demonstrate that the motion of a particle in an acoustic field depends on the applied impulse and three distinct regimes can be identified. The high impulse regime is the well established mode where particles travel to the force minima of an applied continuous acoustic field. In contrast acoustic field switching in the low impulse regime results in a force field experienced by the particle equal to the time weighted average of the constituent force fields. We demonstrate via simulation and experiment that operating in the low impulse regime facilitates an intuitive and modular route to forming complex patterns of particles. The intermediate impulse regime is shown to enable more localised manipulation of particles. In addition to patterning, we demonstrate a set of impulse control tools to clear away undesired particles to further increase the contrast of the pattern against background. We combine these tools to create high contrast patterns as well as moving and re-configuring them. These techniques have applications in areas such as tissue engineering where they will enable complex, high fidelity cell patterns.
Cytoskeletal assembly in axonal outgrowth and regeneration analyzed on the nanoscale
Authors: Hofmann Max , Biller Lucas , Michel Uwe , Bähr Mathias , Koch Jan Christoph
Published: August 2022

The axonal cytoskeleton is organized in a highly periodic structure, the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS), which is essential to maintain the structure and function of the axon. Here, we use stimulated emission depletion microscopy of primary rat cortical neurons in microfluidic chambers to analyze the temporal and spatial sequence of MPS formation at the distal end of growing axons and during regeneration after axotomy. We demonstrate that the MPS does not extend continuously into the growing axon but develops from patches of periodic βII-spectrin arrangements that grow and coalesce into a continuous scaffold. We estimate that the underlying sequence of assembly, elongation, and subsequent coalescence of periodic βII-spectrin patches takes around 15 h. Strikingly, we find that development of the MPS occurs faster in regenerating axons after axotomy and note marked differences in the morphology of the growth cone and adjacent axonal regions between regenerating and unlesioned axons. Moreover, we find that inhibition of the spectrin-cleaving enzyme calpain accelerates MPS formation in regenerating axons and increases the number of regenerating axons after axotomy. Taken together, we provide here a detailed nanoscale analysis of MPS development in growing axons.
Ti-based robust MOFs in the combined photocatalytic degradation of emerging organic contaminants
Authors: Rojas Sara , García-González Jessica , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Rincón Irene , Castells-Gil Javier , Padial Natalia M. , Marti-Gastaldo Carlos , Horcajada Patricia
Published: August 2022

Photocatalysis process is a promising technology for environmental remediation. In the continuous search of new heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a new type of photoactive materials for water remediation. Particularly, titanium-based MOFs (Ti-MOFs) are considered one of the most appealing subclass of MOFs due to their promising optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties, high chemical stability, and unique structural features. However, considering the limited information of the reported studies, it is a hard task to determine if real-world water treatment is attainable using Ti-MOF photocatalysts. In this paper, via a screening with several Ti-MOFs, we originally selected and described the potential of a Ti-MOF in the photodegradation of a mixture of relevant Emerging Organic Contaminants (EOCs) in real water. Initially, two challenging drugs (i.e., the β-blocker atenolol (At) and the veterinary antibiotic sulfamethazine (SMT)) and four water stable and photoactive Ti-MOF structures have been rationally selected. From this initial screening, the mesoporous Ti-trimesate MIL-100(Ti) was chosen as the most promising photocatalyst, with higher At or SMT individual photodegradation (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 2 and 4 h, respectively). Importantly, the safety of the formed by-products from the At and SMT photodegradation was confirmed. Finally, the At and SMT photodegradation capacity of MIL-100(Ti) was confirmed under realistic conditions, by using a mixture of contaminants in tap drinking water (100% of At and SMT photodegradation in 4 h), proven in addition its potential recyclability, which reinforces the potential of MIL-100(Ti) in water remediation.
Regulation of the p38-MAPK pathway by hyperosmolarity and by WNK kinases
Authors: Liu Zetao , Demian Wael , Persaud Avinash , Jiang Chong , Subramanaya Arohan R. , Rotin Daniela
Published: August 2022

p38-MAPK is a stress-response kinase activated by hyperosmolarity. Here we interrogated the pathways involved. We show that p38-MAPK signaling is activated by hyperosmotic stimulation in various solutions, cell types and colonic organoids. Hyperosmolarity sensing is detected at the level of the upstream activators of p38-MAPK: TRAF2/ASK1 (but not Rac1) and MKK3/6/4. While WNK kinases are known osmo-sensors, we found, unexpectedly, that short (2 h) inhibition of WNKs (with WNK463) led to elevated p38-MAPK activity under hyperosmolarity, which was mediated by WNK463-dependent stimulation of TAK1 or TRAF2/ASK1, the upstream activators of MKK3/6/4. However, this effect was temporary and was reversed by long-term (2 days) incubation with WNK463. Accordingly, 2 days (but not 2 h) inhibition of p38-MAPK or its upstream activators ASK1 or TAK1, or WNKs, diminished regulatory volume increase (RVI) following cell shrinkage under hyperosmolarity. We also show that RVI mediated by the ion transporter NKCC1 is dependent on p38-MAPK. Since WNKs are known activators of NKCC1, we propose a WNK- > NKCC1- > p38-MAPK pathway that controls RVI. This pathway is augmented by NHE1. Additionally, hyperosmolarity inhibited mTORC1 activation and cell proliferation. Thus, activation of p38-MAPK and WNKs is important for RVI and for cell proliferation.
Mild movement sequence repetition in five primate species and evidence for a taxonomic divide in cognitive mechanisms
Authors: Kumpan L. Tamara , Vining Alexander Q. , Joyce Megan M. , Aguado William D. , Smeltzer Eve A. , Turner Sarah E. , Teichroeb Julie A.
Published: August 2022

When animals forage, they face complex multi-destination routing problems. Traplining behaviour—the repeated use of the same route—can be used to study how spatial memory might evolve to cope with complex routing problems in ecologically distinct taxa. We analyzed experimental data from multi-destination foraging arrays for five species, two cercopithecine monkeys (vervets, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, and Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata) and three strepsirrhines (fat-tailed dwarf lemurs, Cheirogaleus medius, grey mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus, and aye-ayes, Daubentonia madagascariensis). These species all developed relatively efficient route formations within the arrays but appeared to rely on variable cognitive mechanisms. We found a strong reliance on heuristics in cercopithecoid species, with initial routes that began near optimal and did not improve with experience. In strepsirrhines, we found greater support for reinforcement learning of location-based decisions, such that routes improved with experience. Further, we found evidence of repeated sequences of site visitation in all species, supporting previous suggestions that primates form traplines. However, the recursive use of routes was weak, differing from the strategies seen in well-known traplining animals. Differences between strepsirrhine and cercopithecine strategies may be the result of either ecological or phylogenetic trends, and we discuss future possibilities for disentangling the two.
Human preferences toward algorithmic advice in a word association task
Authors: Bogert Eric , Lauharatanahirun Nina , Schecter Aaron
Published: August 2022

Algorithms provide recommendations to human decision makers across a variety of task domains. For many problems, humans will rely on algorithmic advice to make their choices and at times will even show complacency. In other cases, humans are mistrustful of algorithmic advice, or will hold algorithms to higher standards of performance. Given the increasing use of algorithms to support creative work such as text generation and brainstorming, it is important to understand how humans will respond to algorithms in those scenarios—will they show appreciation or aversion? This study tests the effects of algorithmic advice for a word association task, the remote associates test (RAT). The RAT task is an established instrument for testing critical and creative thinking with respect to multiple word association. We conducted a preregistered online experiment (154 participants, 2772 observations) to investigate whether humans had stronger reactions to algorithmic or crowd advice when completing multiple instances of the RAT. We used an experimental format in which subjects see a question, answer the question, then receive advice and answer the question a second time. Advice was provided in multiple formats, with advice varying in quality and questions varying in difficulty. We found that individuals receiving algorithmic advice changed their responses 13$$\%$$
%
more frequently ($$\chi ^{2} = 59.06$$

χ
2

=
59.06

, $$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

) and reported greater confidence in their final solutions. However, individuals receiving algorithmic advice also were 13$$\%$$
%
less likely to identify the correct solution ($$\chi ^{2} = 58.79$$

χ
2

=
58.79

, $$p < 0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). This study highlights both the promises and pitfalls of leveraging algorithms to support creative work.
Convergence, divergence, and macroevolutionary constraint as revealed by anatomical network analysis of the squamate skull, with an emphasis on snakes
Authors: Strong Catherine R. C. , Scherz Mark D. , Caldwell Michael W.
Published: August 2022

Traditionally considered the earliest-diverging group of snakes, scolecophidians are central to major evolutionary paradigms regarding squamate feeding mechanisms and the ecological origins of snakes. However, quantitative analyses of these phenomena remain scarce. Herein, we therefore assess skull modularity in squamates via anatomical network analysis, focusing on the interplay between ‘microstomy’ (small-gaped feeding), fossoriality, and miniaturization in scolecophidians. Our analyses reveal distinctive patterns of jaw connectivity across purported ‘microstomatans’, thus supporting a more complex scenario of jaw evolution than traditionally portrayed. We also find that fossoriality and miniaturization each define a similar region of topospace (i.e., connectivity-based morphospace), with their combined influence imposing further evolutionary constraint on skull architecture. These results ultimately indicate convergence among scolecophidians, refuting widespread perspectives of these snakes as fundamentally plesiomorphic and morphologically homogeneous. This network-based examination of skull modularity—the first of its kind for snakes, and one of the first to analyze squamates—thus provides key insights into macroevolutionary trends among squamates, with particular implications for snake origins and evolution.
Two-dimensional ECG-based cardiac arrhythmia classification using DSE-ResNet
Authors: Li Jiahao , Pang Shao-peng , Xu Fangzhou , Ji Peng , Zhou Shuwang , Shu Minglei
Published: August 2022

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is mostly used for the clinical diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmia due to its simplicity, non-invasiveness, and reliability. Recently, many models based on the deep neural networks have been applied to the automatic classification of cardiac arrhythmia with great success. However, most models independently extract the internal features of each lead in the 12-lead ECG during the training phase, resulting in a lack of inter-lead features. Here, we propose a general model based on the two-dimensional ECG and ResNet with detached squeeze-and-excitation modules (DSE-ResNet) to realize the automatic classification of normal rhythm and 8 cardiac arrhythmias. The original 12-lead ECG is spliced into a two-dimensional plane like a grayscale picture. DSE-ResNet is used to simultaneously extract the internal and inter-lead features of the two-dimensional ECG. Furthermore, an orthogonal experiment method is used to optimize the hyper-parameters of DSE-ResNet and a multi-model voting strategy is used to improve classification performance. Experimental results based on the test set of China Physiological Signal Challenge 2018 (CPSC2018) show that our model has average $$F_1= 0.817$$

F
1

=
0.817

for classifying normal rhythm and 8 cardiac arrhythmias. Meanwhile, compared with the state-of-art model in CPSC2018, our model achieved the best $$F_1$$

F
1

in 2 sub-abnormal types. This shows that the model based on the two-dimensional ECG and DSE-ResNet has advantage in detecting some cardiac arrhythmias and has the potential to be used as an auxiliary tool to help doctors perform cardiac arrhythmias analysis.
Fungal succession on the decomposition of three plant species from a Brazilian mangrove
Authors: Moitinho Marta A. , Chiaramonte Josiane B. , Bononi Laura , Gumiere Thiago , Melo Itamar S. , Taketani Rodrigo G.
Published: August 2022

Leaf decomposition is the primary process in release of nutrients in the dynamic mangrove habitat, supporting the ecosystem food webs. On most environments, fungi are an essential part of this process. However, due to the peculiarities of mangrove forests, this group is currently neglected. Thus, this study tests the hypothesis that fungal communities display a specific succession pattern in different mangrove species and this due to differences in their ecological role. A molecular approach was employed to investigate the dynamics of the fungal community during the decomposition of three common plant species (Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa, and Avicennia schaueriana) from a mangrove habitat located at the southeast of Brazil. Plant material was the primary driver of fungi communities, but time also was marginally significant for the process, and evident changes in the fungal community during the decomposition process were observed. The five most abundant classes common to all the three plant species were Saccharomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Dothideomycetes, all belonging to the Phylum Ascomycota. Microbotryomycetes class were shared only by A. schaueriana and L. racemosa, while Agaricomycetes class were shared by L. racemosa and R. mangle. The class Glomeromycetes were shared by A. schaueriana and R. mangle. The analysis of the core microbiome showed that Saccharomycetes was the most abundant class. In the variable community, Sordariomycetes was the most abundant one, mainly in the Laguncularia racemosa plant. The results presented in this work shows a specialization of the fungal community regarding plant material during litter decomposition which might be related to the different chemical composition and rate of degradation.
Spin-polarized imaging of the antiferromagnetic structure and field-tunable bound states in kagome magnet FeSn
Authors: Li Hong , Zhao He , Yin Qiangwei , Wang Qi , Ren Zheng , Sharma Shrinkhala , Lei Hechang , Wang Ziqiang , Zeljkovic Ilija
Published: August 2022

Kagome metals are an exciting playground for the explorations of novel phenomena at the intersection of topology, electron correlations and magnetism. The family of FeSn-based kagome magnets in particular attracted a lot of attention for simplicity of the layered crystal structure and tunable topological electronic band structure. Despite a significant progress in understanding their bulk properties, surface electronic and magnetic structures are yet to be fully explored in many of these systems. In this work, we focus on a prototypical kagome metal FeSn. Using a combination of spin-averaged and spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, we provide the first atomic-scale visualization of the layered antiferromagnetic structure at the surface of FeSn. In contrast to the field-tunable electronic structure of cousin material Fe3Sn2that is a ferromagnet, we find that electronic density-of-states of FeSn is robust to the application of external magnetic field. Interestingly, despite the field insensitive electronic band structure, FeSn exhibits bound states tied to specific impurities with large effective moments that strongly couple to the magnetic field. Our experiments provide microscopic insights necessary for theoretical modeling of FeSn and serve as a spring board for spin-polarized measurements of topological magnets in general.
Prevention of carcinogen-induced oral cancers by polymeric black tea polyphenols via modulation of EGFR-Akt-mTOR pathway
Authors: Nimbalkar Vaishnavi K. , Gangar Jeet , Shai Saptarsi , Rane Pallavi , Mohanta Subham Kumar , Kannan Sadhana , Ingle Arvind , Mittal Neha , Rane Swapnil , Mahimkar Manoj B.
Published: August 2022

The overexpression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and dysregulation of its downstream effector pathways are important molecular hallmarks of oral cancers. Present study investigates the chemopreventive potential of polymeric black tea polyphenols (PBPs)/thearubigins (TRs) in the hamster model of oral carcinogenesis as well as determine the effect of PBPs on EGFR and the molecular players in the EGFR pathway. In dose-dependent manner, pre and concurrent treatment with PBPs (1.5%, 5%, 10%) decreased the number and volume of macroscopic tumors as well as the number and area of microscopic lesions. Interestingly, at 10% dose of PBPs, no macroscopic or microscopic tumors were observed. We observed PBPs mediated dose-dependent decrease in oxidative DNA damage (8OHdG); inflammation (COX-2); proliferation (PCNA, Cyclin D1); expression of EGFR, and its downstream signaling kinases (pAkt, Akt, and mTOR); hypoxia (HIF1α) and angiogenesis (VEGF). There was also a PBPs mediated dose-dependent increase in apoptosis (Bax). Thus, our data clearly indicate that the observed chemopreventive potential of PBPs was due to modulation in the EGFR pathway associated with cell proliferation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate preclinical chemopreventive efficacy of PBPs and give an insight into its mechanistic role in the chemoprevention of experimental oral cancer.
Expansion of the RNAStructuromeDB to include secondary structural data spanning the human protein-coding transcriptome
Authors: Rouse Warren B. , O’Leary Collin A. , Booher Nicholas J. , Moss Walter N.
Published: August 2022

RNA plays vital functional roles in almost every component of biology, and these functional roles are often influenced by its folding into secondary and tertiary structures. An important role of RNA secondary structure is in maintaining proper gene regulation; therefore, making accurate predictions of the structures involved in these processes is important. In this study, we have expanded on our previous work that led to the creation of the RNAStructuromeDB. Unlike this previous study that analyzed the human genome at low resolution, we have now scanned the protein-coding human transcriptome at high (single nt) resolution. This provides more robust structure predictions for over 100,000 isoforms of known protein-coding genes. Notably, we also utilize the motif identification tool, , to model structures with high propensity for ordered/evolved stability. All data have been uploaded to the RNAStructuromeDB, allowing for easy searching of transcripts, visualization of data tracks (via the or ), and download of data—including unique highly-ordered motifs. Herein, we provide an example analysis of MAT2A to demonstrate the utility of at finding known and novel secondary structures, highlighting regions of potential functionality, and guiding generation of functional hypotheses through use of the data.
The impact of Angiopoietin-2 genetic polymorphisms on susceptibility for malignant breast neoplasms
Authors: Hu Gui-Nv , Wang Yan , Tang Chih-Hsin , Jin Lu-Lu , Huang Bi-Fei , Wang Qian , Shao Jun-Kang , Wang Chao-Qun , Su Chen-Ming
Published: August 2022

Breast cancer causes morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, despite much research illuminating the genetic basis of this disease. Anti-angiogenesis therapies have been widely studied, although the association between angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast cancer subtypes remains unclear. This case–control study included 464 patients with malignant breast neoplasms and 539 cancer-free females. We explored the effects of ANGPT2 SNPs on the susceptibility for a malignant breast neoplasm in a Chinese Han population. Five ANGPT2 SNPs (rs2442598, rs734701, rs1823375, 11,137,037, and rs12674822) were analyzed using TaqMan SNP genotyping. Carriers of the variant GG allele of rs1823375 were less likely than wild-type carriers to be diagnosed with clinically staged breast cancer, while females with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched disease carrying the CG or the CG+GG genotype at rs1823375 were significantly less likely than CC genotype carriers to be of lymph node status N1–N3. We also found that the T-T-C-A-T ANGPT2 haplotype significantly increased the risk for developing a malignant breast neoplasm by 1.385-fold (95% CI: 1.025–1.871; p < 0.05). Our study is the first to document a correlation between ANGPT2 polymorphisms and the development and progression of a malignant breast neoplasm in females of Chinese Han ethnicity.
Assessment of genetic diversity and SNP marker development within peanut germplasm in Taiwan by RAD-seq
Authors: Hsu Yu-Ming , Wang Sheng-Shan , Tseng Yu-Chien , Lee Shin-Ruei , Fang Hsiang , Hung Wei-Chia , Kuo Hsin-I. , Dai Hung-Yu
Published: August 2022

The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop but has a narrow genetic diversity. Molecular markers can be used to probe the genetic diversity of various germplasm. In this study, the restriction site associated DNA (RAD) approach was utilized to sequence 31 accessions of Taiwanese peanut germplasm, leading to the identification of a total of 17,610 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). When we grouped these 31 accessions into two subsets according to origin, we found that the “global” subset (n = 17) was more genetically diverse than the “local” subset (n = 14). Concerning botanical varieties, the var. fastigiata subset had greater genetic diversity than the other two subsets of var. vulgaris and var. hypogaea, suggesting that novel genetic resources should be introduced into breeding programs to enhance genetic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) of genotyping data separated the 31 accessions into three clusters largely according to the botanical varieties, consistent with the PCA result for 282 accessions genotyped by 14 kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers developed in this study. The SNP markers identified in this work not only revealed the genetic relationship and population structure of current germplasm in Taiwan, but also offer an efficient tool for breeding and further genetic applications.
Spectral index selection method for remote moisture sensing under challenging illumination conditions
Authors: Graham Christopher , Girkin John , Bourgenot Cyril
Published: August 2022

Remote sensing using passive solar illumination in the Short-Wave Infrared spectrum is exposed to strong intensity variation in the spectral bands due to atmospheric changing conditions and spectral absorption. More robust spectral analysis methods, insensitive to these effects, are increasingly required to improve the accuracy of the data analysis in the field and extend the use of the system to “non ideal” illumination condition. A computational hyperspectral image analysis method (named HIAM) for deriving optimal reflectance indices for use in remote sensing of soil moisture content is detailed and demonstrated. Using histogram analysis of hyperspectral images of wet and dry soil, contrast ratios and wavelength pairings were tested to find a suitable spectral index to recover soil moisture content. Measurements of local soil samples under laboratory and field conditions have been used to demonstrate the robustness of the index to varying lighting conditions, while publicly available databases have been used to test across a selection of soil classes. In both cases, the moisture was recovered with RMS error better than 5%. As the method is independent of material type, this method has the potential to also be applied across a variety of biological and man-made samples.
Analysis of the influence of passenger load on bus energy consumption a vehicle-engine combined model-based simulation framework
Authors: Yang Xinfeng , Liu Lanfen
Published: August 2022

Analyzing of the energy consumption (EC) in bus operation is important for reducing operating costs, improving sustainable solutions and creating environmentally friendly cities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors, such as passenger load, speed and acceleration, that affect significantly EC in bus operation. This paper builds a simulation framework for describing the level of energy based on the vehicle-engine combined (VEC) EC model. On the basis of the relationship between engine torque, power, traction and EC, the simulation framework mainly includes the road model, vehicle model, engine model and driver strategy. Furthermore, the correlations between energy consumption, passenger load, vehicle speed and acceleration are analyzed in different station spacing. The results show that the passenger load has a significant impact on EC of buses, and is related to the vehicle’s speed and acceleration. Generally, the higher the maximum driving speed, the higher the EC of the bus. Acceleration strategies and maximum speed limits are critical factors determining the EC of bus for a certain passenger load and station spacing. For the same station spacing and maximum driving speed, the acceleration phase is under a greater contribution to the increase of EC. In addition, the greater the maximum speed limit or the acceleration, the greater the contribution percentage of EC increase in the acceleration phase. The simulation framework based on vehicle-engine combined EC model and specific fuel consumption maps can obtain the operating EC of buses for situations with different station spacing and maximum speed, which is conducive to vehicle operation EC analysis. Acceleration strategies and maximum speed limits are critical factors determining the EC of bus for a certain passenger load and station spacing. Therefore, energy savings can be obtained by optimizing the driving strategy.
Discovery of levodopa-induced dyskinesia-associated genes using genomic studies in patients and Drosophila behavioral analyses
Authors: Yoon Woongchang , Min Soohong , Ryu Ho-Sung , Chung Sun Ju , Chung Jongkyeong
Published: August 2022

Although levodopa is the most effective medication for Parkinson’s disease, long-term levodopa treatment is largely compromised due to late motor complications, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). However, the genetic basis of LID pathogenesis has not been fully understood. Here, we discover genes pathogenic for LID usingDrosophilagenetics and behavioral analyses combined with genome-wide association studies on 578 patients clinically diagnosed with LID. Similar to the therapeutic effect of levodopa in patients, acute levodopa treatments restore the motor defect of Parkinson’s disease model flies, while prolonged treatments cause LID-related symptoms, such as increased yawing, freezing and abrupt acceleration of locomotion. These symptoms requiredopamine 1-like receptor 1and are induced by neuronal overexpression of the receptor. Among genes selected from our analyses in the patient genome, neuronal knockdown ofadenylyl cyclase 2suppresses the levodopa-induced phenotypes and the receptor overexpression-induced symptoms inDrosophila. Together, our study provides genetic insights for LID pathogenesis through the D1-like receptor-adenylyl cyclase 2 signaling axis.
Broad clinical manifestations of polygenic risk for coronary artery disease in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Clarke Shoa L. , Parham Matthew , Lankester Joanna , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Liu Simin , Kooperberg Charles , Manson JoAnn E. , Tcheandjieu Catherine , Assimes Themistocles L.
Published: August 2022

Background

The genetic basis for coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is highly complex. Genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) can help to quantify that risk, but the broader impacts of polygenic risk for CAD are not well characterized.

Methods

We measured polygenic risk for CAD using the meta genomic risk score, a previously validated genome-wide PRS, in a subset of genotyped participants from the Women’s Health Initiative and applied a phenome-wide association study framework to assess associations between the PRS and a broad range of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, and health outcomes.

Results

Polygenic risk for CAD is associated with a variety of biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses related to traditional risk factors, as well as risk-enhancing factors. Analysis of adjudicated outcomes shows a graded association between atherosclerosis related outcomes, with the highest odds ratios being observed for the most severe manifestations of CAD. We find associations between increased polygenic risk for CAD and decreased risk for incident breast and lung cancer, with replication of the breast cancer finding in an external cohort. Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization suggest that breast cancer association is likely due to horizontal pleiotropy, while the association with lung cancer may be causal.

Conclusion

Polygenic risk for CAD has broad clinical manifestations, reflected in biomarkers, clinical measurements, behaviors, and diagnoses. Some of these associations may represent direct pathways between genetic risk and CAD while others may reflect pleiotropic effects independent of CAD risk.
Canavanine utilization via homoserine and hydroxyguanidine by a PLP-dependent γ-lyase in Pseudomonadaceae and Rhizobiales
Authors: Hauth Franziskus , Buck Hiltrun , Stanoppi Marco , Hartig Jörg S.
Published: August 2022

A novel degradation pathway enables rhizosphere-associated bacteria to utilize canavanine.
Different effects of Bacillus coagulans vegetative cells and spore isolates on constipation-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Li Liuruolan , Liu Bingshu , Cao Jiang , Zhang Hao , Tian Fengwei , Yu Leilei , Chen Wei , Zhai Qixiao
Published: August 2022

B. coagulans spore had higher survival rate in simulated GI environment than the corresponding vegetative cells. B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 and B. coagulans 90 spores relieve constipation by modulating the microbiota significantly associated with SCFA.
Nobiletin mitigates NAFLD via lipophagy and inflammation
Authors: Yang Xushan , Deng Yudi , Tu Yali , Feng Dongliang , Liao Wenzhen
Published: August 2022

Nobiletin was found to mitigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by enhancing TFEB-mediated lipophagy, alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome and modulating macrophages polarization.
π-Orbital mediated charge transfer channels in a monolayer Gr–NiPc heterointerface unveiled by soft X-ray electron spectroscopies and DFT calculations
Authors: Casotto Andrea , Drera Giovanni , Perilli Daniele , Freddi Sonia , Pagliara Stefania , Zanotti Michele , Schio Luca , Verdini Alberto , Floreano Luca , Di Valentin Cristiana , Sangaletti Luigi
Published: August 2022

The charge transfer process at a graphene–Ni phthalocyanine interface is investigated by soft X-ray electron spectroscopies and DFT calculations, thus providing fundamental information to develop electronic devices based on this heterojunction.
Solution-processed transparent p-type orthorhombic K doped SnO films and their application in a phototransistor
Authors: Qin Li , Yuan Shuoguo , Chen Zequn , Bai Xue , Xu Jianmei , Zhao Ling , Zhou Wei , Wang Qing , Chang Jingjing , Sun Jian
Published: August 2022

The optical and electrical properties of the ethylene glycol reduced orthorhombic SnO films were improved through K doping. The K doped SnO based phototransistor presented ultra-broadband photosensing from ultraviolet to infrared (300–1000 nm).
Soluble and processable thermoplastic hybrid polyimides containing POSS in main chains
Authors: Kamitani Tasuku , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: August 2022

The combination of 3,13-bis(3-aminopropyl)-double-decker-shaped-silsesquioxane and a fluorinated dianhydride produces a flexible polyimide with a lowTg, high heat resistance, and excellent solvent solubility. The fluorinated dianhydride loosened the interchain packing to suppress CT interactions, leading to the formation of a colorless polyimide.
Anticancer and antibacterial flavonoids from the callus of Ampelopsis grossedentata; a new weapon to mitigate the proliferation of cancer cells and bacteria
Authors: Li Yu , Kumar Pachaiyappan Saravana , Tan Shengquan , Huang Chuying , Xiang Zhixin , Qiu Jiao , Tan Xuhui , Luo Jianqun , He Meijun
Published: August 2022

A new flavonoid angelioue (1), and five known compounds, cuminatanol (2), myricetin (3), epigallocatechin (4), taxifolin (5) and dihydromyricetin (6), with good antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were isolated from the callus extract of Ampelopsis grossedentata.
Identification of 4-acrylamido-N-(pyridazin-3-yl)benzamide as anti-COVID-19 compound: a DFTB, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics study
Authors: Sepay Nayim , Chakrabarti Sukanya , Afzal Mohd , Alarifi Abdullah , Mal Dasarath
Published: August 2022

An anti COVID-19 molecule have been identified from the ZINC-15 database with the help of molecular docking, DFTB, and molecular dynamics method.
A novel procedure for the synthesis of borylated quinolines and its application in the development of potential boron-based homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) inhibitors
Authors: Das Bhaskar C. , Yadav Pratik , Das Sasmita , He John Cijiang
Published: August 2022

This report reveals a Pd catalyzed C-4 borylation of structurally complex chloroquinolines with B2(pin)2 without the use of any external ligand for the synthesis of potential boron-based homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 inhibitors.
Metal organic framework optimized hybrid solid polymer electrolytes with a high lithium-ion transference number and excellent electrochemical stability
Authors: Han Dong , Zhao Zongchen , Wang Wei , Wang Hongjie , Wang Huanlei , Zheng Lili , Shi Jing , Li Xichao
Published: August 2022

PEO-based SPEs were optimized using an NH2-MIL-125 MOF as an additive. Large pores in the MOF allow the passage of lithium ions, inhibit the movement of anions and greatly increase the lithium-ion transference number of batteries.
Simultaneous non-invasive gas analysis in artificial photosynthesis reactions using rotational Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Schwarz Jesper , Ilic Aleksandra , Kaufhold Simon , Ahokas Jussi , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Pettersson Mika , Wärnmark Kenneth
Published: August 2022

A new instrument for gas analysis in artificial photosynthesis reactions is presented. The device uses rotational Raman spectroscopy to analyse multiple gases (H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2) simultaneously, non-invasively and with short analysis times (15 s).
Suppressing water clusters by using “hydrotropic” ionic liquids for highly stable aqueous lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Canfu , Chen Binbin , Cai Ziyang , Zhang Fenglin , Huang Renzhi , Yan Mengdie , Liu Yingchun , Pan Huilin
Published: August 2022

Tuning the hydrogen-bonding network and strengthening H2O–Li+–anion solvation complexes by “hydrotropic” ionic liquids provide a solution to suppress H2O activity and extend the electrochemical stability window for high-voltage aqueous batteries.
Selectivec-MYCG4 DNA recognition based on a fluorescent light-up probe with disaggregation-induced emission characteristics
Authors: Li Hong-Yao , Cao Hao-Wen , Lang Xue-Xian , Chen Yan-Song , Wang Ming-Qi
Published: August 2022

A supramolecular strategy that relies on the recognition-driven disaggregation of a novel BODIPY probe is outlined. This probe exhibits the ability to selectively detect thec-MYC G4 DNAover other G4s as well as non-G4s.
High efficiency (>20%) and stable inverted perovskite solar cells: current progress and future challenges
Authors: Wali Qamar , Iftikhar Faiza Jan , Khan Muhammad Ejaz , Balilonda Andrew , Aamir Muhammad , Fan Wei , Yang Shengyuan
Published: August 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are broadly assembled in two ways, i.e., regular (n–i–p) and inverted (p–i–n) structures.
Rose bengal-integrated electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for photodynamic inactivation of bacteria
Authors: Dong Xiuli , Mitchell Dionne G. , Garcia Cervantes Martha Y. , Chitara Basant , Yang Liju , Yan Fei
Published: August 2022

Rose bengal-integrated electrospun PAN nanofibers displayed high antimicrobial efficacy against both Gram-negativeEscherichia coliand Gram-positiveBacillus subtilisbacteria under white light irradiation. This methodology offers a feasible strategy for water disinfection.
A non‐isolated quadratic boost converter with improved gain, high efficiency, and continuous input current
Authors: Izadi Mahnaz , Mosallanejad Ali , Lahooti Eshkevari Alireza
Published: August 2022

This paper presents and comprehensively investigates a non‐isolated quadratic boost dc–dc converter (QBC), designed based on integrating a triple winding coupled inductor into the basic quadratic impedance network. The topology only contains ten components. It provides a high boost factor as well as high efficiency. Unlike most previous step‐up dc–dc converters, the employed improving method does not change the converter input current from continuous mode to pulsating or discontinuous shapes, making it suitable for connecting to the current sensitive resources. Thanks to this improvement, the voltage stress across the power switch is low, especially for higher winding coefficient values. A 20/240 V/240 W prototype has been designed and fabricated to evaluate the operating principle and performance of this QBC. Experimental results show the converter produces high gain (12 times as tested) and operate with high efficiency (up to 94%). Also, the voltage stress on the power switch is one‐third of the output voltage.
Körperliche Aktivität bei Krebs – Wirksamkeit bewegungstherapeutischer Ansätze
Authors: Siebert Stefanie , Kersten Jane , Theurich Sebastian , Baumann Freerk T.
Published: August 2022

Bewegungstherapie in individualisierter Form bei onkologischen Patienten ist vor, während und auch nach Abschluss der medizinischen Therapie machbar und sicher und kann Nebenwirkungen, wie beispielsweise dem Fatigue-Syndrom oder der Polyneuropathie entgegenwirken. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen bewegungstherapeutischen Ansätze bei onkologischen Patienten.