bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF RUMEN FLUID APPLICATION ON VARIOUS COAL TYPES IN METHANE PRODUCTION
Authors: Effendi Dahrul , Permadi Asep Kurnia , Abdassah Doddy , Widarsono Bambang
Published: February 2025

Indonesia is one of the largest coal producers in the world. The conversion of coal into coalbed methane (CBM) by involving methane-producing microbes appears to be a potential alternative to utilizing coal for energy resources. One possible source of methanogens is rumen fluid collected from slaughterhouse waste. Previous studies have reported the possibility of employing rumen fluid to produce methane from coals. To sustain field application, microbiological testing of rumen fluid in CBM reservoir circumstances is required. Therefore, various water formations and coals were involved in the present study. The present study aims to identify methane production by combining rumen fluid as methane-producing microbes, formation water, and various coal types (A: lignite, B: sub-bituminous, C: bituminous, and K: control) at room temperature. The results suggest that supplying microbes from rumen fluid and formation water can produce methane from different types of coal. Microbial activity in all treatments is denoted by pH changes and observing living microbes. Bacilli are the predominant type of microorganism. Due to coal organic compound breakdown, the presence of methanogenic microbial activity is denoted by volatile fatty acids (VFA). The total VFA in all treatments demonstrated a similar declining tendency. It was found that all treatments produce volatile fatty acids in different amounts up to 60 days of incubation. These acids included acetic, propionic, butyric, iso-butyric, iso-valeric, and valeric acids. Acetic acid is the most commonly produced partial VFA, the primary, intermediate compound in methane formation. Treatment A with lignite coal had the maximum gas production. The cumulative gas volume reached 16,400 mL after 60 days of incubation. In contrast, the highest cumulative methane production occurred in treatment C with bituminous coal, amounting to 100.60 mL after 60 days of incubation.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DURABILITY OF THE SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER MORTAR USING VARIOUS MINERAL ADDITIONS
Authors: Islam Ihtisham , Khattak Salman Ahmed , Petrounias Petros , Asif Abdul Rahim , Ali Shah Syed Samran , Turrakheil Kanishka Sauis , Ahmed Waqas , Rashid Mehboob Ur , Rehman Qasim Ur
Published: February 2025

A geopolymer is an unconventional inorganic binder prepared by an alkaline activator of alumina and silica-containing materials. This study has thoroughly evaluated the strength and durability performance of geopolymer mortars and represents a comprehensive attempt to highlight the advancement of environmentally conscious and innovative construction materials. The methodology used in this study includes X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), universal testing machines, and chemical methods (acid, sulfate, and chloride attack). The mechanical properties and durability of geopolymer mortars made at constant temperatures are evaluated and compared using different mineral additives. A comparative analysis of geopolymer mortar shows that M3 (fly ash) is an excellent choice for structural elements in construction projects where high strength and durability are paramount, as M3 (fly ash) has achieved the highest compressive (17.07 MPa) and flexural strengths (2.28 MPa) at all curing periods compared to M2 (RHA) and M1 (slag), which have intermediate (11.66 MPa, 2.17 MPa) and the lowest (10.10 MPa, 2.04 MPa) compressive and flexural strengths, respectively. In cases where acid resistance is a critical factor for construction, M1 appears to be the most suitable option, while M2 and M3 may require additional protective measures. M1, despite having slightly lower strength values than M2 and M3, demonstrates exceptional resistance to chloride attacks, making it a preferred option for projects in moderately chloride-rich environments. The compacted material increased strength and durability, while cracks, pores, and non-uniform particle arrangement reduced it. Overall, the abundance of minerals with elemental compositions such as Si, Al, O, and Na is responsible for the strong bonding for the cementation of geopolymer concrete. Therefore, keeping in mind the results of this study, different geopolymer mortars can be selected for construction purposes based on the demands of the projects.
METHOD FOR LIMITING THE HEATING OF AIR SUPPLIED TO DEEP WORKINGS OF COAL MINES
Authors: Kostenko Viktor , Liashok Iaroslav , Bohomaz Olha , Tavrel Maryna , Kostenko Tetiana
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this paper is to substantiate the arrangement of workings that supply cooled air to the faces based on an assessment of changes in the energy state of the rock mass under the influence of mining operations. The theoretical studies were carried out based on a systematic analysis of the fundamental equations of the classical theory of thermodynamics, taking into account experimental data on rock physics and geomechanical processes occurring during mining operations. This purpose was achieved by comparing the energy state (enthalpy) of rocks in the mass intact by mining operations and the mass formed in these rocks after coal seam extraction. The authors proposed the idea of transporting refrigerant in the form of cooled air through the workings arranged in the displaced rocks behind the longwall, which are relieved of rock pressure, degassed and cooled. This makes it possible to significantly reduce cold losses on the way to the miners’ workplaces. The results of theoretical preliminary calculations confirm that the enthalpy of displaced rocks in the mined-out longwall space remains virtually unchanged regardless of the depth of mining. This confirms the validity of the idea of choosing the arrangement of the workings to save cold. The linear nature of the increase in the ratio of rock enthalpy in intact and cooled rock masses during the deepening of mining operations has been established, which proves the efficiency and prospects of the proposed method for large depths. A variant of coal seam preparation and mining is proposed to ensure the saving of the cold resource by arranging workings in displaced and cooled rocks.
NUMERICAL OPTIMIZATION OF THE EFP CHARGE BASED ON AN MPB MINE
Authors: Pyka Dariusz
Published: February 2025

This article presents a numerical optimization of an explosively formed charge insert based on an anti-bullet, anti-tank MPB mine (pl. mina przeciwburtowa, eng. anti-side mine). For this purpose, first of all, the chemical composition and microstructure of the currently used EFP inserts and the target material - armour-piercing steel - were analyzed. Then, a series of numerical analyses were carried out, during which not only the material of the EFP insert was changed, but also its thickness, in terms of the most efficient combination, i.e. the initial speed during forming, but also the penetration ability of the insert. The Johnson-Cook constitutive strength model was used to describe the behaviour of materials in the computational environment, and the Jones-Wilkins-Lee model was used to describe the pressure during a detonation. To describe the formation of the EFP charge, SPH particle hydrodynamics was used, which the author had developed in his previous works, thanks to which it was possible to efficiently describe the highly dynamic process. The last element of the research was the validation of numerical models carried out at a military training ground during an experimental study. The results obtained as a result of numerical analyses allowed for the determination of the most optimal combination of material and insert thickness, which indicated future directions of development in order to improve solutions in the field of anti-tank EFP.
INVESTIGATING THE FEASIBILITY OF USING RECYCLED FIBRES INSTEAD OF INDUSTRIAL FIBRES IN SHOTCRETE
Authors: Darmarani Shahla Miri , Khoshzaher Erfan , Chakeri Hamid , Mirzaei Rahman
Published: February 2025

Shotcrete is one of the standard systems used in the tunnelling industry, including cement, sand, water, and additives. Adding fibres to shotcrete is a method to enhance its mechanical properties. This study is laboratory research investigating the feasibility of using recycled steel fibres instead of industrial fibres and the effect of adding industrial and recycled fibres on the mechanical properties of shotcrete. For this research, laboratory samples were created using industrial steel fibres and recycled steel fibre types 1 and 2 sourced from worn tires. Laboratory samples include cubic and cylindrical samples with 12 mixing designs. These 12 mixing designs are plain shotcrete, shotcrete containing 1, 2, and 5 percent industrial steel fibres, shotcrete containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 percent type 1 recycled fibre, and shotcrete containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 percent type 2 recycled fibres. Laboratory tests include compressive strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity for durations of 3, 7, and 28 days. According to the results, adding industrial and recycled fibres to the shotcrete composition improves the resistance properties of shotcrete, and recycled fibres can replace industrial fibres.
ANALYSIS OF ATTERBERG LIMITS OF CLAYEY SOILS EXPOSED TO POLLUTANTS
Authors: Szász Noémi , Tóth Andrea
Published: February 2025

The issue of soil pollution has become a global concern due to the extensive and accelerated industrial development since the Industrial Revolution. Various anthropogenic activities, including industrial processes and agricultural practices, introduce pollutants into the soil. These pollutants vary widely in type and concentration, and they pose significant risks to both the soil ecosystem and the surrounding environment. This study is part of an extensive series of laboratory investigations aimed at examining how different pollutants—specifically hydrocarbons, detergents, and pesticides—affect the geotechnical properties of clayey soils in Hungary. The primary focus of this research is to analyze the changes in the Atterberg limits of these soils when exposed to different pollutants. The laboratory tests were conducted in strict accordance with Eurocode standards to ensure the reproducibility of the results and consistency in the experimental procedures. The findings elucidate the distinct impacts of various pollutants on the Atterberg limits across different types of clay. The insight gained from this research can significantly enhance the efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness of geotechnical engineering projects.
ENHANCING IRON SEPARATION AND RECOVERY FROM EGYPTIAN BANDED IRON FORMATION USING PAPER INDUSTRY SLUDGE: A SUSTAINABLE REDUCTION ROASTING APPROACH
Authors: Metwally Mostafa A. , Farghaly Mohamed G. , Ramadan A. M. , Hassan El-Sayed R. E.
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes an innovative method to upgrade Um Nar Banded Iron Formation (BIF). The method consists of three stages: reduction roasting using paper industry sludge and sawdust, sulfuric acid leaching, and magnetic separation. The effects of CaCO3/sawdust concentration and magnetic field intensity were examined. This approach not only provides an effective means of processing complex and low-grade iron ores but also offers a sustainable solution for recycling industrial waste. Additionally, it utilizes biomass sawdust as a green reducing agent, a new type of clean energy source with low sulfur content, which does not pollute the environment. Adding paper industry sludge as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) led to its reaction with Si and Al minerals, forming grossular (Ca3Al2(SiO4)2(OH)4). This prevented SiO2 from reacting with iron oxides, thereby enhancing iron recovery. The resulting iron concentrate meets the quality standards necessary for steel production. The iron concentrate obtained through this method, i.e. reduction roasting conducted with 10% dosage of reductant, followed by acid leaching and magnetic separation at 2000 gauss, contains 67.23% total Fe and 1.5% SiO2 with a total Fe recovery of 73.82%, meeting the iron ore quality requirements of the steel and iron industry.
Modern trends in the organization of rehabilitation care for patients with dorsopathy in the form of telemedicine services
Authors: Shehovtsova Ksenia V. , Koneva Elizaveta S. , Lyadov Konstantin V. , Zhumanova Ekaterina N. , Smekalkina Larisa V. , Sazonova Ekaterina O. , Silaev Ily M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Vertebrogenic disorders are among the most common chronic diseases in humans, with degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine being the most prevalent. Severe clinical manifestations of vertebrogenic diseases typically occur during active working years and are a frequent cause of temporary disability. A particularly important issue is the need for regular rehabilitation courses for patients with chronic dorsopathy to prolong remission. However, due to the working-age status of many patients, logistical and paramedical challenges — particularly in implementing therapeutic exercises — often hinder access to rehabilitation procedures. The development of remote rehabilitation using information and communication technologies, such as smartphones and computers, presents a viable alternative to in-person rehabilitation.
Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of motor rehabilitation using telemedicine in patients with dorsopathy of various localizations in remission.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients aged 35 to 70 years with dorsopathy of various localizations in remission who underwent rehabilitation via telemedicine. Upon completing an in-person comprehensive treatment course which included pharmacotherapy and medical rehabilitation, all patients were provided with a link to access a structured motor rehabilitation program. The effectiveness of rehabilitation was assessed using standardized questionnaires and mobility assessment tests.
Results: Telemedicine-based rehabilitation for patients with dorsopathy of various localizations in remission demonstrated positive clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Specialized therapeutic exercise programs and a structured model for remote rehabilitation may serve as an effective alternative to in-person rehabilitation, particularly in cases where paramedical challenges hinder direct participation.
Application of therapeutic physical factors in the therapy of psoriatic onychodystrophy
Authors: Blokina-Mechtalina Alesya Yu. , Korchazhkina Natalia B. , Nagornev Sergey N.
Published: February 2025

Background: One of the common clinical manifestations of psoriasis is nail plate damage, leading to psoriatic onychodystrophy (PОD). PОD is often accompanied by severe pain syndrome, causing difficulties in wearing shoes or socks and performing daily household tasks, which leads to a decrease in quality of life and contributes to the development of anxiety and depression. Studies on PОD treatment have demonstrated the effectiveness of non-pharmacological approaches, particularly pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy and medium-frequency pulsed currents (Darsonval therapy), which promote regression of clinical symptoms.
Aim: To assess the clinical efficacy of a comprehensive treatment approach incorporating PDL and Darsonval therapy in patients with psoriatic onychodystrophy.
Materials and methods: A prospective, controlled, randomized study was conducted, including 110 patients with PОD, who were randomly assigned to four groups using simple fixed randomization. Group 1 (Control, n=27): received only basic therapy (BT) consisting of topical application of calcipotriol ointment. Group 2 (Comparison Group 1, n=28): received three courses of Darsonval therapy in addition to BT Group 3 (Comparison Group 2, n=28): received 5–6 sessions of PDL therapy, performed at one-month intervals, in addition to BT. Group 4 (Main Study Group, n=27): received both Darsonval therapy and PDL therapy in combination with BT. The clinical assessment included the frequency of nail matrix and nail bed lesions, as well as the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI)scores.
Results: NAPSI assessment revealed widespread involvement of the nail bed and matrix among patients. The initial DLQI score was 23.6 points, indicating a significant negative impact of nail disease on patients’ daily lives. All treatment groups demonstrated clinical improvement, but the extent of symptom regression depended on the treatment regimen. Additional therapeutic physical factors further enhanced effectiveness, with the combined use of Darsonval therapy and PDL therapy producing the best clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: Incorporating physical therapy modalities into the standard treatment regimen for psoriatic onychodystrophy significantly improves clinical effectiveness. The combined application of pulsed dye laser and Darsonval therapy achieves the greatest regression of clinical manifestations and substantial improvements in patients’ quality of life.
A prospective observational study on loop diuretic utilization in a tertiary care hospital setting
Authors: Nayak Hemant , Bhat Waseem Hussain , Prabhudev B. R. , Ramaiah Balakeshwa
Published: February 2025

Background: Loop diuretics are essential for managing fluid overload in conditions like heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, data on their utilization and adverse outcomes in resource-limited settings are scarce. To evaluate utilization patterns, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and outcomes of loop diuretic therapy in a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 inpatients from January 2023 to October 2023. Data on demographics, clinical indications, ADRs, and prescription patterns were analyzed.
Results: Furosemide was most prescribed (70%), followed by torsemide (20%) and bumetanide (10%). Main indications included congestive heart failure (40%), hypertension (24%), and chronic kidney disease (20%). Common ADRs were hypokalemia (16%), hypotension (10%), and dehydration (6%). Symptomatic improvement was noted in 70% of cases, with 20% showing no change and 10% worsening. Economic costs exceeded ₹1,000/month for 30% of patients, despite high medication adherence (80%).
Conclusions: Furosemide remains the most used diuretic, but ADRs and economic burdens highlight the need for regular monitoring and cost-effective strategies. Personalized therapy can optimize outcomes, and further multicenter studies are required for broader insights.
Enhanced pregnancy outcomes with intrauterine platelet-rich plasma infusion in women following failed personalized embryo transfer guided by endometrial receptivity assay
Authors: Kaul Nalini , Sharma Meenu , Pathak Snigdha
Published: February 2025

Background: Altered endometrial receptivity is an important cause of implantation failure. The embryo-endometrial asynchrony due to ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles contributes to low success rates. Frozen embryo transfer (FET) has become popular a method to overcome this asynchrony. Endometrial receptivity array (ERA) is a molecular test that differentiates a receptive from a non-receptive endometrium. Studies suggest that a personalised embryo transfer (pET) guided by ERA in FET cycles, improves pregnancy rates in recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients. Despite pET not all patients achieve implantation. Intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma (IUPRP) is emerging as an innovative technique to enhance fertility outcomes in patients with impaired endometrial receptivity. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains an abundance of growth factors and cytokines thought to enhance endometrial growth and receptivity. Aim of the study was to evaluate the role of IUPRP in improving pregnancy rate in patients with failed pET.
Methods: 53 patients with two previous pET failures, having an endometrial thickness ≥7 mm were included in this observational cohort study. FET was planned in a hormone replacement cycle. 0.4 ml PRP prepared by double centrifugation technique was infused into the uterus on the day of starting progesterone.
Results: A pregnancy rate of 64.1% and Live birth rate of 49.06% was achieved at FET after IUPRP infusion. Miscarriage rate was 17.6%. These results are similar to pregnancy and live birth rates achieved in our non-RIF IVF patients.
Conclusions: Our study suggests an improved reproductive outcome with infusion of IUPRP in patients with who failed to implant after pET.
The case of the disappearing aneurysm - spontaneous regression of a mycotic hepatic aneurysm secondary to intravenous drug use: a case report and literature review
Authors: Green Ryan J. , Caufield William , Scott Luke , Kirkham Corey , Hinzner Catherine , Belaguthi Priyanka , Clarke Ethan , Sweeney Henry , Vennam Sarath
Published: February 2025

Hepatic artery aneurysms are a rare but potentially life-threatening vascular lesion which require urgent diagnosis and management. This case report and literature review highlights the case of a 41-year-old female with a history of intravenous drug use who developed a 14 mm mycotic hepatic artery aneurysm after being treated for infective endocarditis. The patient initially presented with fever and abdominal pain. Bedside echocardiogram demonstrated valvular vegetations requiring emergent metallic valvular replacement. During the patient’s admission they developed further sequelae from endocarditis including splenic capsular rupture, renal infarcts and eventually hepatic artery aneurysm. This patient’s hepatic artery aneurysm spontaneously thrombosed over less than a week and regressed without surgical or endovascular intervention. This case is not only the first documented case of spontaneous regression of mycotic hepatic artery aneurysm but highlights the importance of considerations for acute abdominal pain in those with a history of intravenous drug use and concomitant infective endocarditis. It also demonstrates the possibility of conservative management in visceral artery aneurysms.
Guidelines for Clinical Transfusion Practice
Authors: M.D. Dr. Bharat Singh , M.D. Dr. Anil K Singh , M.D. Dr. Malvika Singh
Published: February 2025

Blood Transfusion Services has remarkably developed in last few decades. Still clinicians are not aware of guideline for transfusion and blood components are not being used judiciously. There are alternatives available in substitution of blood transfusion. This book contains the chapter for safe transfusion in Medicine, Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Neonatology and emergency medicine. The chapter on massive transfusion will assist the trauma centres for quick arrangement of blood and Blood Products. The chapter on Blood Transfusion Reactions and their management will help the transfusionist to identify and manage in case of Transfusion Reaction. This book is targeted to postgraduate students in Transfusion Medicine, Medicine, Surgery, etc. and the major user of blood and blood products.
Correlation of colposcopic findings and histopathologic examinations in perimenopausal women
Authors: Gandavaram Nishitha , Rajalekshmi M
Published: February 2025

Perimenopausal women experience various physiological changes that may affect cervical health. Colposcopy is a diagnostic tool used to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva. Histopathological examination (HPE) is a gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions.

To determine the correlation between colposcopic findings and histopathological examination results in perimenopausal women and to evaluate the prevalence of cervical abnormalities in this population.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 perimenopausal women who were referred for colposcopy at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Colposcopic findings were recorded, and those with abnormal findings underwent a biopsy for HPE. Data were analyzed using percentage and chi square test to find the correlation between colposcopy findings and HPE results.

Out of 200 perimenopausal women, colposcopy identified 120 cases with abnormal findings. HPE confirmed 30 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 5 cases with invasive carcinoma. The correlation coefficient between colposcopic findings and HPE was calculated to be 0.65, indicating a strong correlation. The prevalence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was noted to be 15%.

The study suggests a strong correlation between colposcopic findings and histopathological results in perimenopausal women. The high prevalence of HSIL at 15% indicates the necessity for regular screening in this population. Further research with a larger sample size and multicentric design is recommended to validate these findings.
Early prediction of gestational hypertension using β-hCG Levels: A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kulkarni Jayshree , Kathpalia Sukesh , Sansare Swapnali , Kulkarni Manasvi Milind
Published: February 2025

Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a significant complication affecting pregnant women, with potential severe outcomes for both mother and fetus. This study investigates the relationship between serum β-hCG levels and the risk of PIH, aiming to determine if elevated β-hCG can serve as an early indicator for PIH.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women aged 20 to 40 years at 14 to 19 weeks of gestation. Participants were categorized based on age, socioeconomic status, and occupation. Blood pressure measurements and β-hCG levels were recorded and analyzed.

The mean age was 27.6 years. Gestational age at delivery ranged from 14 to 19 weeks, with 53% at 18 weeks. Normal blood pressure was observed in 61% of participants, while 39% were at risk for pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), categorized into mild, moderate, and severe PIH. Higher serum β-hCG levels correlated with PIH severity. Pedal edema and proteinuria were significant among PIH patients, affecting blood pressure and β-hCG levels.

Elevated β-hCG levels can potentially serve as a predictive marker for PIH, enabling early interventions. Incorporating β-hCG monitoring into routine prenatal care could improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Oral arginine versus IV fructodex and oral arginine in the treatment of borderline idiopathic oligohydramnios: A randomised comparative study
Authors: Coumary A Sendhil , Janarthanam Samya
Published: February 2025

Amniotic fluid is a dynamic medium surrounding the fetus in the amniotic cavity. Decreased amniotic fluid volume of less than 8cm is known as Oligohydramnios. Increasing maternal plasma volume and improving uteroplacental perfusion using nitric oxide (NO) donors is thought to increase the AFI. The present study compares the effect oral arginine supplementation with the combined effect of oral arginine and IV Hydration in increasing AFI in patients far from term and its effect on prolongation of duration of pregnancy.

The present study was a randomised-comparative, interventional hospital-based study. Pregnant women between 28 to 36 weeks gestation with AFI less than or equal to 8 cm, were recruited and divided into two groups. Group I was treated with oral arginine for 1 week. Group II was treated with oral arginine and IV fructodex and ringer’s lactate solution once a day for 1 week. Patients were followed up weekly, with USG till delivery.

Post-treatment increase in AFI in Group I and II was 0.95 ± 1.11 cm and 1.87 ± 1.22 cm. The duration of prolongation of pregnancy was 4.48 weeks in Group I and 4.24 weeks in Group II.

This study concludes that treatment with Oral Arginine with IV Fructodex produces a higher increase in AFI compared to oral arginine alone, however, this is transient. In both groups the pregnancy outcomes were similar. Continuous oral arginine till delivery may be more efficient and practical treatment modality in borderline oligohydramnios.
Postpartum contraception: Where do we stand in 2024
Authors: Dwivedi Prachi , Kshirsagar Shilpa
Published: February 2025

Contraception is vital for reducing unwanted pregnancies and promoting healthy living among women. The postpartum period offers a unique opportunity to implement birth spacing strategies that can significantly improve maternal and infant health outcomes. Despite the availability of effective contraceptive methods, many women do not use contraception postpartum. This study aims to assess knowledge, attitude about post-partum contraception among post- partum women in Pune to identify gaps and barriers to effective contraceptive use. Maximum need of contraception is in post-partum period to prevent pregnancies in lactational amenorrhoea & to reduce risks related to short interpregnancy intervals.

This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care centre in Pune. It included 460 postpartum women aged 18-49 years who were interviewed one day before discharge. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, capturing demographic details, awareness, attitudes, and practices related to contraception. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Chi-square tests were employed to determine associations between demographic factors and awareness and usage of contraception. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

The majority of participants were aged 21-25 years (55%), from urban areas (51%), and practiced Hindu religion (89%). Awareness of at least one contraceptive method was high (90%), with sterilization (88%), condoms (80%), and intrauterine devices (70%) being the most known methods. However, only 70% used any form of contraception, with condoms and IUDs being the most commonly used (20% each). The primary reasons for non-usage included fear of side effects (32%), family objections (22%), and lack of awareness (17%). Significant differences in awareness and usage were found based on residential area, education level, and parity, but not on religion or occupation.

The study highlights a significant gap between high awareness and the lower practice/ willingness of contraceptives among postpartum women in Pune, with disparities driven by factors such as urban residency, education, and parity. Fear of side effects, family objections, and lack of awareness were key barriers to contraceptive uptake. To address these issues, targeted health education, particularly in rural areas, and inclusive counselling sessions involving partners and families are essential. By overcoming these barriers, contraceptive usage can be increased, ultimately improving maternal and infant health outcomes in the region.
A prospective observational study of maternal outcomes in patients with oligohydramnios
Authors: Anturlikar Snehal Shrikant , Desai Haresh Arvind
Published: February 2025

: Amniotic fluid around the fetus serves purposes like normal fetal growth, neuro-musculoskeletal development and is responsible for better fetal outcomes. Oligohydramnios is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid with an amniotic fluid index (AFI) <5 cm. Borderline oligohydramnios is an amniotic fluid index between 5.1 to 8 cm. L-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid used in oligohydramnios, has been suggested to be beneficial in improving the amniotic fluid index. Hence, this study was planned to evaluate maternal outcomes in patients of oligohydramnios who received L-arginine as well as those who came to emergency delivery and were not administered L-arginine.

: This was a prospective observational study undertaken in a tertiary care teaching hospital which included 70 patients diagnosed with oligohydramnios from 1st January 2023 to 31st December 2023. Institutional ethics committee permission (PUIECHR/PIMSR/00/081734/5306) was obtained before the data collection. All pregnant women with singleton pregnancies diagnosed with oligohydramnios, satisfying inclusion criteria were included and data was recorded for those who received L-arginine as well as for those patients with oligohydramnios directly coming for delivery and not administered L-arginine.

: Out of 70 patients diagnosed with oligohydramnios, 24 patients received L-arginine and 46 patients came directly for delivery and did not receive L-arginine. Out of those receiving L-arginine, the average gestational age of starting L-arginine therapy was 34.6 ± 3.3 weeks while at delivery the gestational age was 35.7 ± 2.9. Hence, there was an increase of 1.1 ± 0.4 weeks of gestational age at an average. The rise in AFI after treatment with L-arginine was 0.1 to 1.9 cm with a mean of 0.475 cm.

Our study showed an increase in gestational age as well as an increase in AFI with the administration of L-arginine. A larger sample size and more such studies may help in establishing the beneficial role of L-arginine in oligohydramnios.
Long-term implications of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): An in-depth study on associated health risks and complications
Authors: Yadav Sanjeev Kumar , Rai Alka , Gupta Akanksha , Kumari Rinki
Published: February 2025

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a most common clinical-hormonal women-affecting disorder, often leading to chronic health issues beyond reproductive challenges. Women with PCOS experience irregular menstrual cycles along with elevated androgen levels; however, also associated with a high risk of chronic clinical-conditions such as Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to underlying metabolic disturbances. This study investigates the health risks and complications associated with PCOS, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fertility problems, aiming to develop improved management strategies.

This cross-sectional study was performed with 200 PCOS-diagnosed women and three hundred age-matched controls without PCOS. Data was collected from different sources like- Medical records, Laboratory tests, and Interviews with patients, and also from Body mass index(BMI), Blood glucose, Insulin levels, Cholesterol profile, C-reactive protein(CRP), Menstrual history, and Cardiovascular health markers. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the two groups through SPSS 20.0.

The study revealed significantly higher rates of insulin resistance (72% vs. 25%) and Type 2 diabetes(35% vs. 10%) among PCOS-women. Additionally, CVD risk factors including hypertension (45% vs. 20%), abnormal cholesterol levels (60% vs. 30%), and elevated CRP levels were more prevalent in the Group I. Fertility issues were also more common in the Group I (with 80% experiencing anovulation and 50% reporting infertility) compared to 10% in the Group II.

PCOS is a significant clinical-risk factor for many types of diseases like Diabetes, CVD, infertility, etc. Effective management requires a comprehensive approach involving lifestyle modifications, medications, and regular screening and monitoring of PCOS to reduce risks of disease and also improve the health of women with PCOS.
Monocryl 3-0 subcuticular in abdominal skin closure in cesarean sections
Authors: Kaur Sukhmanjit , Pahwa Sangeeta
Published: February 2025

: Cesarean sections are amongst the most commonly performed abdominal operations in women worldwide. Wound healing is an important factor for lower complication rate and patient satisfaction. Despite conflicting results, closure with subcuticular suture materials was found to be more advantageous considering wound healing, better cosmetic results and patient satisfaction rates.

: 1. To assess pain on 5th postoperative day. 2. To assess wound complications. 3. To assess scar at 6th week of follow up.

: Observational study was conducted on cases admitted in obstetric department undergoing caesarean section from January 2023 to March 2024. Subcutaneous tissue was closed with interrupted sutures (PLAIN CATGUT 2-0) where subcutaneous tissue was >1cm thickness. Monocryl 3-0 subcuticular was used as an absorbable material for skin closure. Wound evaluations were performed during follow-up at 6 week by interviewing patients and local examination of wound.

75 cases were enrolled out of which 12 lost to follow up. The mean age was 27.40 ± 3.795 years. The mean BMI was 21.492 +-3.987 Kg/m Mean time for skin closure was 4.96± 1.382 mins. Mean pain score at post-operative day 5 was 5.05+1.451. 13 (8.7%) cases had mild pain, 57(38%) had moderate pain and 5(3.3%) had severe pain. At 6 weeks of follow up seroma was present in 9(6%) cases, 5 (3.3%) had infection, 5 (3.3%) had dehiscence 3 (2%) had hypertrophic scar and hematoma in only 2 (1.3%) cases. POSAS score was used for cosmetic scar assessment. Mean patient scar score was 6.128 ±1.291 and observer scar score was 6.173+-2.891.

Future research is needed on multicentric levels with extended follow-up periods and employing standardized, objective outcome measures to enhance the reliability and generalizability of findings across diverse patient populations.
Assessment of acceptability, safety and efficacy of immediate postpartum Cu-T insertion in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Thapliyal Mamta , Jain Pankhuri , Saxena Namrata , Agrawal Shikha
Published: February 2025

: India is the most populous nation in the world. In India, understanding and awareness of contraceptive methods are insufficient, and the culture is rife with myths. IUCD insertion in the immediate postpartum period is an effective, safe and convenient method of contraception for both cesarean and vaginal births.

: The present study is a prospective study to assess the acceptability, safety and efficacy of Cu-T when inserted within ten minutes of placental expulsion up to 48 hours after delivery both in vaginal delivery or cesarean section and the patients were followed after 6 weeks and again after 6 months for any complications and reason for removal, if any.

: 197 patients opted for IUCD insertion. At 6 weeks the majority of patients had no complaints 129 (70.88%) followed by menstrual complaints 27(14.84%). At 6 months most of the patients had no complaints 108(75%) while 21 patients had menstrual complaints 14.58%. None of the patients had perforation and pregnancy.

: Cu-T's is a feasible and acceptable method of contraception. The feasibility of accepting IUCD insertion can increase with antenatal counselling and institutional deliveries. A low expulsion rate was observed in our study. It is better to give this contraceptive option than leave a post-partum woman at risk of another pregnancy within a short interval.
Comparative analysis of safety, efficacy and fetomaternal outcome of cervical priming with mifepristone versus intracervical dinoprostone gel
Authors: Khan Shazia , Sharma Pooja
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mifepristone forcervical ripening and induction of labor and compare the results with dinoprostone gelwhich is an established agent for labor induction.

A total of 200 patients were enrolled in a prospective study and 100 eachwere assigned to either Mifepristone (M) Group and Dinoprostone (D) group. Outcome was evaluated using the improvement in Bishop score (BS), admission delivery interval, duration between induction and the onset of active phase of labor, mode of delivery and maternal and fatal outcomes.

Though not statistically significant a single dose of 200mg Mifepristone resulted in better BS at 48hrs post application. The M group required lesser doses of Dinoprostone gel for labour induction and had lesser LSCS rates. The Apgar scores at1 and 5 mins were significantly better in M group.

: The results of the study suggest that oral administration of 200mg mifepristone in term patients is more efficacious than Dinoprostone gel for cervical priming by achieving a better BS at 48 hrs. There is a significant reduction in application to delivery time and a significant reduction in LSCS rates.
TRANSFORMING READING INSTRUCTION
Authors: Althewini Abdulaziz
Published: February 2025

This study explores Saudi EFL teachers’ preferences for the metacognitive strategy approach in reading instruction and identifies factors influencing its adoption. A survey was conducted among 78 Saudi EFL teachers to assess their preferences for the metacognitive strategy approach and the challenges associated with its implementation. The findings revealed a strong preference for the metacognitive strategy approach, with 81.7% of teachers favoring its use due to its effectiveness in enhancing reading comprehension and fostering independent learning. However, several challenges, including limited training, rigid curricula, and cultural barriers, were identified as significant obstacles to its adoption. The study underscores the importance of targeted professional development programs and curriculum reforms to facilitate the integration of metacognitive strategies into reading instruction. It also recommends further research on the long-term impact and classroom application of these strategies.
Internship Standards from the Point of View of Graduate Students in Psychology and Counseling
Authors: Sharbaf Hamidreza Aghamohammadian , Dindoost Marzieh , Baharshanjani Samin
Published: February 2025

Aim: One of the main challenges for psychology and counseling students to start their careers is the lack of skills in managing meetings and communicating with clients. On the other hand, most of the academic units in universities are assigned to the theoretical part and practical courses are neglected; meanwhile, the role of the internship unit for psychology and counseling students cannot be ignored. The purpose of this research was to identify the necessary standards for completing internship courses from the point of view of psychology and counseling graduate students. Methods: The present research was conducted using a qualitative method utilizing thematic analysis. The studied sample were 13 psychology and counseling masters and doctoral students in Tehran. Targeted sampling was used. A semi-structured interview was conducted, then it was transcribed verbatim, and the data was analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method. Findings: In this study, 3 main themes were identified, including the necessary criteria for the supervising professor, the necessary criteria for the educational-therapeutic environment and student assignments, and 11 sub-themes were identified. Conclusion: The results of the research show that improving the quality of internships for psychology and counseling students requires strengthening the three elements of the supervising professor, the appropriate educational-therapeutic environment, and the active participation of the student. This can pave the way for better training of future therapists by providing quality supervision, adequate facilities, and educational and professional support.
A Meta-Analysis on the Research Related to the Meaning Therapy Approach on Life Expectancy
Authors: Bahramyan Poorshang
Published: February 2025

Aim: The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of meaning therapy approach on life expectancy. Methods: This research determined the effect size of the meaning therapy approach by using the meta-analysis technique and by integrating the results of different research. The statistical population included all the articles in the field of the effectiveness of the meaning therapy approach on life expectancy, which were 15, and a total of 12 methodologically acceptable studies were selected and meta-analysis was performed on them. The sources of data search included the scientific information database, the Noor specialized journals database, the Iran Journals Information Bank, and the comprehensive humanities portal. Data analysis and effect size calculation were done using CMA3 software and g-index. Findings: The results of this meta-analysis showed that the effect of meaning therapy approach on life expectancy is (1.76) (P<0.001), which is evaluated as a large effect size according to Cohen's table. Conclusion: It seems that the meaning therapy approach can be used as a suitable method to improve life expectancy in medical and educational centers.
Developing a Model of Marital Distress based on Communication Patterns and Attachment Styles with the Mediating Role of Resilience in Homemaker Women
Authors: Seyyed Aghaei Zahra Sadat Pour
Published: February 2025

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of formulating a model of marital distress based on communication patterns and attachment styles with the mediating role of resilience in homemaker women. Methods: The present research had an applied objective and utilized a descriptive correlational method with a path analysis design for data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of all homemaker women in the Narges Akbatan Community Group in Tehran during the first three months of the year 1401 (Solar Hijri calendar), from which 384 individuals were selected as the sample group, using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Marital Distress Questionnaire, Communication Patterns Questionnaire, Attachment Styles Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Finally, the data were analyzed using the linear regression method within the path analysis framework, utilizing SPSS24 and AMOS23 software for statistical analysis. Findings: The results showed that communication patterns, secure and anxious attachment styles have a direct relationship with marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01). Moreover, resilience was able to mediate the relationship between communication patterns and marital distress, as well as the relationship between secure and avoidant attachment styles and marital distress in homemaker women (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that in order to reduce marital distress in homemaker women, identifying couples' communication styles and attempting to change unhealthy communication patterns, through resilience-based training, counseling, and other interventions, can be effective.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Emotionally-Focused Approach Training on Improving Interpersonal Sensitivity in Couples on the Verge of Divorce
Authors: SalehiT Saleh , Davarani Fahimeh Fadakar
Published: February 2025

Aim: This research was conducted to investigate the effect of emotion-focused approach training on improving interpersonal sensitivity in couples on the verge of divorce. Methods: The research method was quantitative and semi-experimental (pre-test-post-test design, with control group). The statistical population of the present study includes couples on the verge of divorce in Tehran province, regions 11 and 12, who are between the ages of 25 and 35 years old and have been selected voluntarily and based on the inclusion criteria for the study. The sample size of the study was 20 couples on the verge of divorce, who were selected by random sampling from couples on the verge of divorce who had referred to legal centers and counseling centers in Tehran for legal matters. The data collection tool was the interpersonal sensitivity questionnaire, and to test the research hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance was used with the assumptions (homogeneity of regression coefficients, linearity of the relationship between variables, normal distribution of the studied characteristic, homogeneity of variances). Findings: The results of the study indicate that the dimensions of interpersonal sensitivity (interpersonal awareness, need for approval, separation anxiety, shyness, and low self-esteem) in couples on the verge of divorce who received emotion-focused approach training were lower than those in couples who did not receive this training. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the emotion-focused approach training program had a significant effect on improving interpersonal sensitivity in couples on the verge of divorce and could be considered as an effective training program by psychologists and counselors.