bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Condition-Based Regression Analysis (CRA) is Indeed a Valid Test of Self-Enhancement Effects: A Response to Krueger et al. ()
Authors: Humberg Sarah , Dufner Michael , Schönbrodt Felix D. , Geukes Katharina , Hutteman Roos , van Zalk Maarten H. W. , Denissen Jaap J. A. , Nestler Steffen , Back Mitja D.
Published: July 2018

How can the consequences of self-enhancement (SE) be tested empirically? Traditional two-step approaches for investigating SE effects have been criticized for providing systematically biased results. Recently, we suggested condition-based regression analysis (CRA) as an approach that enables users to test SE effects while overcoming the shortcomings of previous methods. Krueger et al. (2017) reiterated the problems of previous two-step approaches and criticized the extent to which CRA could solve these problems. However, their critique was based on a misrepresentation of our approach: Whereas a key element of CRA is the requirement that the coefficients of a multiple regression model must meet two conditions, Krueger et al.’s argumentation referred to the test of only a single condition. As a consequence, their reasoning does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the validity of our approach. In this paper, we clarify these misunderstandings and explain why CRA is a valid approach for investigating the consequences of SE.
ADSC-conditioned media elicit an ex vivo anti-inflammatory macrophage response
Authors: Kruger Maria Jacoba , Conradie Maria Martha , Conradie Magda , van de Vyver Mari
Published: July 2018

Obesity-associated inflammatory mechanisms play a key role in the pathogenesis of metabolic-related diseases. Failure of anti-inflammatory control mechanisms within adipose tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been implicated in disease progression. This study investigated the efficacy of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells conditioned media (ADSC-CM) to counteract persistent inflammation by inducing an anti-inflammatory phenotype and cytokine response within PBMCs derived from patients with and without metabolic syndrome. Forty-six (n = 46) mixed ancestry females (18–45 years) were subdivided into (a) healthy lean (HL) (n = 10) (BMI <25 kg/m2), (b) overweight/obese (OW/OB) (BMI ≥25 kg/m2, <3 metabolic risk factors) (n = 22) and (c) metabolic syndrome (MetS) (visceral adiposity, ≥3 metabolic risk factors) (n = 14) groups. Body composition (DXA scan), metabolic (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, blood glucose) and inflammatory profiles (38-Plex cytokine panel) were determined. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and treated ex vivo with either (i) autologous participant-derived serum, (ii) ADSCs-CM or (iii) a successive treatment regime. The activation status (CD11b+) and intracellular cytokine (IL6, IL10, TNFa) expression were determined in M1 (CD68+CD206−CD163−) and M2 (CD68+CD163+ CD206+) macrophage populations using flow cytometry. ADSC-CM treatment, promoted a M2 macrophage phenotype and induced IL10 expression, this was most pronounced in the OW/OB group. This response is likely mediated by multiple complementing factors within ADSC-CM, yet to be identified. This study is the first to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of ADSC-CM to restore the inflammatory balance in immune compromised obese individuals.
Review of Beasts of Burden: Animal and Disability Liberation by Sunaura Taylor (2017)
Authors: Williamson W. John
Published: July 2018

Sunaura Taylor’s Beasts of Burden: Animal and Disability Liberation, explores intersectionalities between disability rights and animal justice.
The Eye Examination in the Evaluation of Child Abuse
Authors: Christian Cindy W. , Levin Alex V. ,   COUNCIL ON CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, Flaherty Emalee G. , Sirotnak Andrew P. , Budzak Ann E. , Gavril Amy R. , Haney Suzanne Breen , Idzerda Sheila M. , Laskey Antoinette , Legano Lori A. , Messner Stephen A. , Moles Rebecca L. , Palusci Vincent J. , Fortson Beverly , Harmon Sara Lark , MacMillan Harriet , Stedt Elaine , Piazza Hurley Tammy ,   SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY, Karr Daniel J. , Bradford Geoffrey E. , Lehman Sharon , Nischal Kanwal , Roarty John Denis , Rubin Steven E. , Suh Donny Won , Lueder Gregg T. , MacKinnon Sarah , Morse Christie L. , Williams Pamela Erskine , Christian Cindy W. , Levin Alex V. , Riefe Jennifer ,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
Published: July 2018

Child abuse can cause injury to any part of the eye. The most common manifestations are retinal hemorrhages (RHs) in infants and young children with abusive head trauma (AHT). Although RHs are an important indicator of possible AHT, they are also found in other conditions. Distinguishing the number, type, location, and pattern of RHs is important in evaluating a differential diagnosis. Eye trauma can be seen in cases of physical abuse or AHT and may prompt referral for ophthalmologic assessment. Physicians have a responsibility to consider abuse in the differential diagnosis of pediatric eye trauma. Identification and documentation of inflicted ocular trauma requires a thorough examination by an ophthalmologist, including indirect ophthalmoscopy, most optimally through a dilated pupil, especially for the evaluation of possible RHs. An eye examination is helpful in detecting abnormalities that can help identify a medical or traumatic etiology for previously well young children who experience unexpected and unexplained mental status changes with no obvious cause, children with head trauma that results in significant intracranial hemorrhage and brain injury, and children with unexplained death.
The best polynomial approximations of some classes of analytic functions in the Hardy spaces
Authors: Vakarchuk S.B. , Zabutna V.I. , Vakarchuk M.B.
Published: July 2018

Problems of the best polynomial approximation of classes of analytic functions $$$H^m_{p,R}$$$, $$$m\in \mathbb{Z}_+$$$, $$$R \geqslant 1$$$, $$$1 \leqslant p \leqslant \infty$$$, have been investigated in the Hardy spaces $$$H_p$$$. The best linear methods of approximation were constructed on the indicated classes.
On the convergence of multidimensional regular C-fractions with independent variables
Authors: Dmytryshyn R.I.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we investigate the convergence of multidimensional regular С-fractions with independent variables, which are a multidimensional generalization of regular С-fractions. These branched continued fractions are an efficient tool for the approximation of multivariable functions, which are represented by formal multiple power series. We have shown that the intersection of the interior of the parabola and the open disk is the domain of convergence of a multidimensional regular С-fraction with independent variables. And, in addition, we have shown that the interior of the parabola is the domain of convergence of a branched continued fraction, which is reciprocal to the multidimensional regular С-fraction with independent variables.
On one property of zeros of polynomials of the least $$$(\alpha; \beta)$$$-deviation from zero in weighted space $$$L_p$$$
Authors: Polyakov O.V.
Published: July 2018

We prove the property of monotonity of zeros of polynomials of the least $$$(\alpha; \beta)$$$-deviation from zero in the space with integral metrics with weight.
Clinical Approach for Evaluation and Manage¬ment of Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Attia Najya Abdullah
Published: July 2018

"It's a boy" and "It's a girl" are words that are heard every second of every day all around the world. However, it is very distressing when the birth attendants are unable to make such a pronouncement because of disorders of sex development (DSD). DSD are congenital conditions associated with an atypical development of chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex. Normal sex development progresses in steps from conception to the complete development of the fetal external genitalia; any disturbance in any of these steps can lead to DSD. Ambiguous genitalia are the most common type of DSD and it is a challenging clinical diagnosis for the pediatric endocrinologist. A newborn baby with ambiguous genitalia is often a surprise for both the medical team and the parents, frequently described as an emergency. The condition needs a special approach in terms of counseling the parents appropriately, evaluation and management. The Chicago Conference (2006) recommended new nomenclature and a classification for DSD, as the old nomenclature was confusing for doctors and parents, and sometimes pejorative. The new classification is based on karyotyping and gonadal structure, improving understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. The rapid progression of genetic diagnosis of DSD using advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows more appropriate diagnosis and genetic counseling for families.

The focus of the article is a review of normal sex development, DSD classification, clinical approach, genetic assessment, sex assignment, surgical management and risk of germ cell tumor development.
Clinical effects of Poly- Flexible Ureteroscopy combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc to treatment of Lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm with infundibulopelvic angle less than 60 degrees
Authors: Guo Jingyang
Published: July 2018

Objective: To observation on Poly- Flexible Ureteroscopy(FURS) retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc to treatment of Lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm stone with infundibulopelvic angle（IPA）less than 60 degrees.

Method: From January 2016 to January 2017, 63 patients with IPA angle less than 60 degrees in our hospital were treated with Poly-FURS retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc, the patients stone sized more than 2 mm and located in the lower-pole calyx were retrospectively reviewed. Multiple stones were found in 37 cases and solitary stones in 26. Male patients used 70cm Poly-FURS, and the female 42cm.The clinical data including the operation time, the amount of bleeding, the stone free rate(SFR), the incidence of postoperative complications.

Results: The operation time was 30~60min, mean 45min, FURS lithotripsy time was 20~35min, ultrasound guided all seeing needle puncture time was 3~5min, and lithotripsy time was 8~12min. 48 cases mainly lithotripsy with FURS and 15cases with micro-Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(micro-perc), 3 cases of fever as postoperative complications, 2 cases of pain; In non blood transfusion patients. The postoperative hospital stay was 2~3 days, with an average of 2 days. Postoperative residual stones were observed in 3 cases(SFR 95.2%) and treated with ESWL after 2 weeks. The stone clearance rate was 98.4% (62/63)after one month.

Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that Poly- FURS retrograde intrarenal surgery combined with ultrasound guided all seeing needle Microperc had a significant effect on the success rate of lower Pole Renal Calculi larger than 2cm.
Designing Both Mandibular Central Incisors on One 3.0-mm Single-Piece Implant: Five Years' Outcome
Authors: Bhandari Sudhir
Published: July 2018

Deficient bone volume, anatomical limitations, lack of available mesiodistal space, adjacent teeth angulations, and surgical errors may lead to placement of narrow diameter implants. In such a scenario, functional and esthetic—yet sustainable—replacement of more than one missing tooth becomes quite challenging. This article describes the successful restoration of missing both mandibular central incisors on one 3-mm single-piece implant in 3 patients. Despite being a biomechanically complex presentation, the objectives of optimal outcome were achieved in all 3 patients by means of innovative design, fine control of occlusal factors, and correct choice of restorative material. Until the last follow-up at 5 years, no implant or prostheses loss was experienced.
Um olhar físico sobre a teoria musical
Authors: Dantas Joseclécio Dutra , Cruz Sergio da Silva
Published: July 2018

Resumo Apresentamos uma discussão sobre diversos conceitos físicos presentes no contexto da teoria musical. Tratamos de fenômenos físicos importantes na produção e combinação de sons musicais. A partir de elementos próprios tanto da linguagem musical quanto da linguagem física, evidenciamos relações entre as duas formas de representar os fenômenos sonoros musicais. Traçamos paralelos entre as formas de representar as diversas características do som e suas combinações rítmicas, melódicas e harmônicas.
A educação para o enfrentamento da epidemia do HIV
Authors: Bones Ana Amélia Nascimento da Silva , Costa Márcia Rosa da , Cazella Sílvio César
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos médicos para construir novos saberes sobre o manejo inicial do usuário com teste rápido reagente para o HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde. A metodologia de ensino utilizada foi a metodologia da problematização na modalidade de educação a distância. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação crítica em um processo reflexivo realizada em um módulo educacional interativo ofertado no curso de especialização da Universidade Aberta do SUS / Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UNASUS/UFCSPA). Os discursos são distribuídos em três categorias de análise: cenários de prática, atendimento integral e educação permanente. Na análise, a apreensão e o compromisso com a realidade, associados com a teorização, geram um plano reflexivo de conduta. Conforme a meta 90-90-90, uma das expectativas é ampliar o diagnóstico; contudo, faz-se necessário a leitura ampliada da prática da revelação diagnóstica.
Grupo de pesquisa como espaço de aprendizagem em/sobre educação interprofissional (EIP): narrativas em foco
Authors: Rossit Rosana Aparecida Salvador , Santos Junior Carlos Francisco dos , Medeiros Nara Maria Holanda de , Medeiros Lucilene Martorelli Ortiz Petin , Regis Cristiano Gil , Batista Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva
Published: July 2018

Este trabalho se propôs a analisar as contribuições do grupo como um espaço de estudo, pesquisa e desenvolvimento de competências em/sobre a Educação Interprofissional. Apresenta nuanças do estudo de caso e ancorou-se na abordagem qualitativa. As 14 narrativas conduziram ao campo das experiências e representações, objeto de compreensão, análise e interpretação da pesquisa. Da análise temática emergiram três eixos de categoria: motivações, expressando os movimentos de busca, ingresso e permanência; grupo como espaço de aprendizagem compartilhada e prática colaborativa, com dimensões intersubjetiva, pessoal, institucional; e grupo como processo de consolidação e reconstrução permanentes, com desafios na construção das aprendizagens, no processo grupal e na publicização. O grupo caracteriza-se como locus privilegiado para o compartilhamento de saberes, produção de conhecimentos e construção de aprendizagens.
Spatial segregation between Chalceus guaporensis and Chalceus epakros (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) in the Madeira River, Amazon Basin
Authors: TORRENTE-VILARA Gislene , CELLA-RIBEIRO Ariana , HAUSER Marília , RÖPKE Cristhiana , FREITAS Maria Helena , DORIA Carolina Rodrigues da Costa , ZUANON Jansen
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Chalceus guaporensis is an endemic fish to the upper Madeira River whereas C. epakros is widespread in many rivers of the central and lower portions of the Amazon Basin, middle and upper Orinoco River Basin, the Essequibo River in Guyana and in the Nanay River in northern Peru. According to literature, both species do not occur in syntopy. We carried out ichthyological surveys along the Madeira River Basin and its rapids, and data on abundance, diet and habitat use were obtained for both species. Chalceus guaporensis and C. epakros are morphologically similar, occupying floodplain habitats and exploiting similar food resources. The former predominated upstream from the Jirau Fall, whereas the latter had most of its abundance bellow the last fall of the Madeira River; both species co-occurred along part of the rapids stretch and in the Machado River, but with strongly uneven abundances. This pattern may have developed in the past by speciation regarding the presence of the falls, while co-occurrence of the two species seems to be regulated by competitive interactions or maintained by slight differences in environmental requirements nowadays. The recent disruption of the Madeira River by two run-of-river dams built in cascade submerged a large portion of the rapids stretch and substituted it by semi-lenthic habitats created by the dam reservoirs, together with the construction of a fish passage. These environmental changes may allow the invasion of the upper reaches of the Madeira River by C. epakros, and disturb the population of endemic C. guaporensis.
INVESTIGATION OF POSSIBILITY TO PRODUCE HIGH-STRENGTH BORON ALUMINUM SHEETS WITHOUT HOMOGENIZATION AND QUENCHING OPERATIONS
Authors: Chervyakova K. Yu. , Belov N. A. , Samoshina M. E. , Yakovlev A. A.
Published: July 2018

Al–Cu–Mn (Zr) alloys feature high strength and processability without any thermal treatment operations. Al–2%Cu–1,5%Mn–2%B and Al–2%Cu–1,5%Mn–0,4%Zr–2%B alloys were obtained in order to investigate the possibility of producing a aluminum boroncontaining alloy in the form of high-strength sheet rolled stock without thermal treatment. Melting was performed in the RELTEK induction furnace with intense melt stirring to eliminate sedimentation of boride refractory particles. Melting temperature was 950– 1000 °С. Melt was poured into 40×120×200 mm graphite casting molds. Calculation methods (Thermo-Calc) were used to demonstrate that manganese forms complex borides with aluminum and zirconium at a melting temperature while there is enough manganese in liquid and there is practically no zirconium left. Experimental methods (electronic scanning microscopy and electron microprobe analysis) proved the formation of the complex AlB2Mn2 boride, however, manganese remained in a solid solution is enough to form the Al20Cu2Mn3 phase particles in the amount up to 7 wt.%. In the alloy with zirconium, boron stimulates primary Al3Zr crystal separation and, therefore, zirconium content left in the aluminum solid solution is not sufficient for hardening. It is shown that it is possible to produce thin-rolled steel with a thickness of less than 0,3 mm with uniformly distributed clusters of the boride phase with a particle size of less than 10 μm. A high level of strength up to 543 MPa is reached without the use of hardening and aging due to the precipitation of Al20Cu2Mn3 phase dispersions during hot deformation (t =450 °C).
FUNDAMENTALS OF WEAR-RESISTANT COATING PRODUCTION FROM CHROMIUM CARBIDE POWDER MIXTURE WITH BINDER METAL BY EXPLOSIVE COMPACTION
Authors: Krokhalev A. V. , Kharlamov V. O. , Kuzmin S. V. , Lysak V. I.
Published: July 2018

The article presents experimental data on explosive compaction of chromium carbide (Cr3C2) powder mixtures with metals (Ti, Ni, Cu) provided with theoretical explanations. These data were used as a basis for stating science-based principles of composition selection and technology development to produce antifriction wear-resistant chromium carbide hard alloys and coatings by explosion. Explosive compaction of powder mixtures was carried out according to a scheme using a normally incident plane detonation wave in a wide range of loading parameters (powder heating temperature in shock waves varied from 200 to1000 °Cand maximum shock compression pressure varied from 4 to 16 GPa during experiments). Phase transformation analysis was carried out by the numerical thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibrium using the Thermo-Calc software. Microstructure, chemical and phase compositions were studied using optical («Axiovert 40МАТ» by CarlZeiss,Germany), scanning («Versa 3D» and «Quanta 3D FEG» byFEI,USA), transmission («BS 540» byTesla,Czech Republic, «Titan 80-300» and «Tecnai G2 20F» byFEI,USA) electron microscopes and «Solver Pro» atomic force microscope (LLC «NT-MDT», Zelenograd). Temperature stability and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures of the materials obtained by explosion was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using the «STA 449 F3 Jupiter» instrument (NETZSCH, Germany) in the synthetic air environment when heated to1500 °C. Tribological tests were carried out on the MI-1M friction machine (MEZIMiV,Moscow) according to the pin-on-ring scheme with plunging in distilled water environment. The mechanisms of consolidation and formation of strong boundaries between powder material particles during explosive compaction are described. It is shown that hard alloys of chromium carbide with titanium bond obtained by explosion retain their phase compositions without any changes and resist to oxidation up to600 °C, and also have significantly better anti-friction properties and wear resistance than the SGP-0,5 and KHN-20 materials used in water-lubricated friction couples until the present time.
INFLUENCE OF THE TWO-STAGE SINTERING MODE ON STRUCTURE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POWDERED ALL-PRESSED BIMETALLIC IRON-BASED MATERIALS
Authors: Gasanov B. G. , Perederiy V. G. , Efimov A. D. , Baev S. S.
Published: July 2018

The paper justifies the urgency and efficiency of obtaining bimetallic iron-based materials by two-step isothermal sintering to enable forming the structure of the product bases at the first stage and activating diffusion processes in the wear-resistant layer only at the second stage to eliminate any high-porosity areas and brittle inclusions at interlayer boundaries typical for powder materials doped with carbides, nitrides and borides. The analysis of equation solutions for diffusion in two-component heterogeneous powder systems made it possible to propose an option for determining the time and temperature of homogenizing sintering of bimetallic materials taking into account grain-size distribution of powders, concentration and partial diffusion coefficients of components, charge bulk density, initial and final porosity of the products. Experiments proved that bimetallic materials containing 15– 20 wt.% of chromium carbide, 20–25 wt.% of ferrochromium and iron as the rest component in the wear-resistant layer charge have the best combination of hardness, wear resistance and radial compression strength after sintering in a chamber furnace in protective medium at 1150–1180 °C with a holding time of 1,5–2,0 hours at the first stage, and in an induction furnace at 1350– 1370 °C for 25–35 s with a heating rate of 450–470 °C/s at the second stage. Structure formation peculiarities of the interlayer boundaries and wear-resistant layer during two-step sintering of all-pressed bimetallic materials are shown. It is found that for high-temperature sintering by high-frequency (8 or 16 kHz) heating at the second stage, the depth of chromium diffusion from the wear-resistant layer to the matrix is 120–130 μm, and Cr concentration in various points of interlayer and interparticle boundaries varies between 1 and 30 wt.% thus allowing formation of a transition layer with a structure consisting of a ferritic-austenitic matrix with martensitic colonies and dispersed particles of (Cr,Fe)23C6, (Cr,Fe)7C3 and (Cr,Fe)3C2 ferrochromium carbides uniformly distributed over the volume.
IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF W–TEFLON–AL MIXTURES
Authors: Alymov M. I. , Vadchenko S. G. , Gordopolova I. S.
Published: July 2018

Relationships between ignition and product structure formation in W–Teflon (Tf)–Al powder mixtures was explored by thermodynamic and structural analyses. The use of tungsten as one of mixture components was dictated by the need to obtain high-density condensation products. Aluminum was used as a heat-generating agent to reduce ignition temperature and increase mixture combustion temperature. Combustion experiments used compositions with a fixed tungsten-to-Teflon ratio, while aluminum content varied according to the formula: (1 – x)(0,8W + 0,2Tf) + xAl = const. After intermixing in the AGO-2 planetary mill in hexane environment, the powders were compressed into 0,01–0,02 g samples and then heated in a BN crucible in argon environment under atmospheric pressure at a variable crucible heating rate. The sample temperature increased sharply on the thermogram once the ignition temperature was reached. It is shown that as the heating rate increases, the ignition temperature of systems grows, and this may be due to transfer from thermal explosion mode to ignition mode. Low-aluminum mixtures yielded large amounts of gaseous products during ignition and combustion, and this results either in defragmentation of combustion product or in formation of porous cakes. The analysis of products obtained with high-aluminum systems indicated WAl4 as a main product. For higher aluminum content results of thermodynamic calculations strongly differed from experimental ones owing to the lack of thermodynamic data for tungsten aluminides in the Thermo software and to the strong mismatch between the actual reaction conditions and adiabatic equilibrium ones. Calculated and experimental results suggest that the formation of fused high-density products (ρW2C = = 17,2 g/cm3) is possible at an optimal aluminum content ≈10 wt.%. When this value is exceeded, the main product, WAl4, has a much lower density (ρWAl4 = 6,6 g/cm3), which is inadequate for practical implementation.
RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE FIELDS OF HEATING DURING CONTINUOUS LASER TREATMENT ON T15K6 CARBIDE INSERT PERFORMANCE
Authors: Bogodukhov S. I. , Kozik E. S. , Svidenko E. V.
Published: July 2018

The paper studies the effect of temperature fields of heating during continuous laser treatment on T15K6 carbide insert performance. A tool with T15K6 indexable carbide inserts was exposed to laser treatment by heating the working surface with continuous laser radiation using the LK 3015ls07 PM industrial laser according to the KV_OSN program along insert contours with the cutting edge distance ~2 mm. Laser exposure time was 2–3 s in nitrogen as a shielding gas. The study used samples in the form of 12,70×12,70×4,76 mm quadrangular plates (GOST 19052-80) with variable radiation power in the range of q = 300±100 W/cm2, and laser radiation moving speed within VL = 20±10 mm/s. Hardness measured in the laser-hardened zone after laser exposure was Hμ = 15500÷21500 N/mm2. The laser impingement point was tested for cutting and abrasive wear with microstructure analysis. Cutting wear along the front and back surfaces of carbide inserts after laser treatment was up to 5 times reduced. It is shown that further laser power density increase to q = 400 W/cm2 provides no positive trend. Diamond abrasive wear with an increased q value indicates wear reduction to 40 wt.%. Microstructural analysis showed a decrease in the tungsten carbide grain size from 5,6 to 4,3 μm in the continuous laser treatment area.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİ VE SINIF ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARI ÜZERİNE YAPILMIŞ DOKTORA ÇALIŞMALARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Akpunar Burhan , Kazu İbrahim Yaşar , Erdamar Fatih Selim
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın amacı,
Türkiye’de “sınıf öğretmenleri”, “sınıf
öğretmen adayları” ve “ilköğretim birinci kademe öğrencileri” üzerine yapılmış
doktora tezlerini belirlenen ölçütlere göre incelemektir. Araştırma
2006-2016 yılları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Tezler; yapıldığı yıl,
ilgili alan, veri toplama aracı, hazırlandığı üniversite, yöntem, çalışmalar da
kullanılan araştırma türü ve modeli dikkate alınıp incelenerek araştırmacılara
bu alanlarla ilgili yapılmış çalışmaların analizi sunulmuştur. Nitel
araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışma, doküman
analizine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak,
geliştirilen “Tez Kodlama Formu”  kullanılmıştır.  Verilerin analizinde içerik analiz tekniği
kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada herhangi bir örnekleme yöntemine başvurulmamış ve
çalışma evrenin tamamına ulaşılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma
kapsamında 179
doktora tez çalışması incelenmiş, tezlerin 24 farklı üniversite içerisinde en
çok Gazi Üniversitesinde yapıldığı, çalışmaların daha çok “ilkokul öğrencileri”
üzerine, en az da “sınıf öğretmeni ve sınıf öğretmen adayları” üzerine
yapıldığı görülmüştür. Tezler, yazıldığı konu alanlarına göre, en çok “Sınıf
Öğretmenliği” ve “Eğitim Programları ve Öğretimi “alanlarında yapıldığı, veri
toplama araçları olarak daha çok “Ölçekler”; “Testler” ve “Formlar”
kullanıldığı, araştırma türü olarak da en çok karma yönteme başvurulduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Assessment of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in patients with early infantile caries by laboratory data
Authors: Kamenskikh D. V.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To assess the laboratory indices of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in patients with early infantile caries (EIC).

Materials and methods. Complex clinicolaboratory examination of 34 children (age range 36 to 72 months), diagnosed early infantile caries, was carried out. Patients’ dental status was stated; a number of laboratory studies to estimate calcium phosphorous metabolism with further mathematical processing of the obtained material was fulfilled.

Results. The analyzed laboratory studies showed the absence of pathological regulation of calcium-phosphorous metabolism in the body of the examined patients. The correlation analysis of caries intensity and daily urinary calcium and phosphorus levels in patients of type I revealed weak correlation feedback, r = –0.21, r = –0.25. The analogous analysis in patients of types II and III detected moderate feedback and the similar statistical data, namely, r = –0.26, r = –0.34 and r = –0.27, r = –0.29, respectively.

Conclusions. Interaction between the deficit of the excreted calcium and phosphorus in the daily urine and the risk for development of early infantile caries was found in patients with EIC. Laboratory diagnostic studies, so as to administer adequate drug therapy for correction of separate indices of calcium-phosphorous metabolism, are necessary. It should be also noted that among patients with decompensated form of caries course, low calcium indices are more often associated with low phosphorus indices in the urine against the background of hematological parameters, which keep within the standards.
Predictors of external pancreatic fistulas development after surgical treatment of infected pancreatonecrosis
Authors: Kotelnikova L. P. , Kudryavtsev P. L.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To determine the risk factors for the development of external pancreatic fistulas in the outcome of infected pancreatonecrosis, which do not close as a result of conservative treatment.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment were analyzed in 44 patients with pancreatonecrosis. The influence of different risk factors for the development of external pancreatic fistulas after surgery for infected pancreatonecrosis was studied, using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.

Results. The repeated surgeries one year after pancreatonecrosis were required by 9 % of patients in connection with pancreatic cysts and for 11.36 % – with external pancreatic fistulas. There was observed a positive correlation of a mean value between the formation of external pancreatic fistulas, which did not close after intensive conservative therapy and the localization of necrosis zone in the region of isthmus (r = 0.31, p = 0.00), its depth 50 % and more (r = 0.46, p = 0.00), quantity of outflow (r = 0.55, p = 0.00) with amylase activity > 1000 units (r = 0.53, p = 0.00).

Conclusions. Localization of necrosis zone in the region of isthmus, necrosis depth 50 % and more, quantity of control drainage outflow > 150 ml, high amylase activity in drainage > 1000 units are predictors of the formation of external pancreatic fistulas in the outcome of acute destructive pancreatitis, which need surgical correction.
Specifics of follow-up observation regarding two diseases
Authors: Sandakov Ya. P.
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the specifics of addressing for medical care among patients under follow-up observation regarding two diseases.

Materials and methods. The data, obtained from ambulatory medical records of 159 patients under follow-up observation for two diseases, were analyzed using the methods of descriptive and inductive statistics.

Results. From among patients, who were under follow-up observation concerning two diseases, there were more women (58.5 %) and pensioners (95.5 %). A mean age was 68,1 ± 11,6 years. The most frequent cause of observation regarding the first disease are the diseases of cardiovascular system (71.7 %), the second – the diseases of endocrine system (52.8 %). A mean duration of the first disease, as the cause of follow-up observation, was 10.8 ± 6.9, the second – 9.9 ± 8.2 years. There is no statistically significant difference between mean duration of disease among pensioners and able-bodied persons (the first disease t = –0.6 p = 0.5; the second disease t = –0.9, p = 0.4). There is no correlation between age and duration of disease: the first disease (χ2 = 0.04, р = 0.8) and the second (χ2 = 0.08, р = 0.6). There is statistically significant difference between mean duration and follow-up observation time of the first disease t = 5.4, р ˂ 0.0001 and the second t = 2.6, р = 0.012. There is statistically significant difference between the number of planned and real visits for the first disease t = 3.5, р = 0.001. Exacerbations were registered in 94.3 %, concomitant diseases – in 90.6 %, emergency calls – in 71.7 %, hospitalization – in 60.4 %, urgent hospitalization – in 36.7 %.

Conclusions. In the group of patients under follow-up observation regarding two diseases, there prevail persons of pension age; the main cause of follow-up observation is the diseases of cardiovascular system; profile specialists were randomly addressed to; the basic way of disease detection is follow-up observation; the disease duration, but not the age influence the severity of status; untimely start of observation and unsatisfactory quality of follow-up was revealed; loyalty to treatment depends on individual motivation of patients; follow-up, conducted by narrow specialists, is not more effective, than that by therapeutists.
YALIN ÜRETİM UYGULAMALARI VE KAZANIMLARI
Authors: BİLGİN SARI Emre
Published: July 2018

Yalın
üretim uygulamaları, günümüzde imalat işletmelerinin faaliyetlerinde köklü
değişimler yapmak için ihtiyaç duydukları yol haritasını oluştururken sıkça
başvurdukları tekniklerin bir arada kullanılmasıdır. 5S, SMED, Kaizen, Toplam
Verimli Bakım, Toplam Kalite Yönetimi gibi ilke ve teknikleri içeren
operasyonel işlemlerin uyumlu şekilde tamamlanması ile yalın üretim gerçekleşmektedir.
Yalın üretim ile amaçlanan işletmenin faaliyetleri arasında yer alan gereksiz
işlem, hareket, stok, bekleme, tamir gibi israf kaynaklarının ortadan
kaldırılmasıdır. Bu israfların ortadan kaldırılması işletmenin kazanımları
arasında görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yalın üretimde başvurulan bu uygulamalar
ele alınmaktadır. Yalın üretim uygulamaları kullanılarak sağlanan
iyileştirmeler bağlantı elemanları üreten bir işletmenin verileri kullanılarak
sayısallaştırılmıştır. Yalın üretim uygulamaları ile elde edilen kazanımlar,
işletmenin süreçlerinde israfı azaltıp verimliliği artırma konusundaki
etkinliğinin görülmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma uygulaması ile ulaşılan
çarpıcı kazanım değerleri ile literatürde ve sektörde ilgi çekici sonuçların
paylaşılması amaçlanmaktadır.
GİRİŞİMCİLİK FAALİYETLERİNDE MENTORLUK YÖNETİMİNİN YATIRIMIN GERÇEKLEŞMESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: ACAR Pınar , ÖZENLİ Beyhan
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmada, girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde
mentorluk yönetiminin, öncelikle Türkiye’de ve sonrasında dünyada genel olarak
nasıl gerçekleştiği değerlendirilecektir. Mentorluk yönetiminin, yatırımın
gerçekleşmesi üzerine etkileri nitel yöntemlerle analiz edilip, ilgili yatırım
firmalarına ve melek yatırımcılara danışmanlık vermede çözümler sunulması
hedeflenmektedir. Küreselleşmenin yaygınlaştığı günümüzde ihracata dayalı
ekonomik kalkınma zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Burada özellikle ana itici güçler
olan girişimcilere çok iş düşmektedir. Yenilikçi iş fikirlerinin yatırıma geçme
sürecinde, hem tecrübe sahibi mentorlardan yeterli desteklerin alınıp hem de
süreçleri daha verimli yürütebilmek adına bazı destek unsurların devreye
girmesi gerekmektedir. Mentor ve melek yatırımcıların destekleri bu unsurlara
örnek olarak verilebilir. Artan sayıda mentorluk desteği ile yenilikçi
girişimciliğin ülkelerdeki ekonomik büyüme sorununa daha etkili çözümler
sunması ile milli gelire önemli bir katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir.
Araştırmamız epistemolojik bağlamda nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden derleme ve
içerik analizi deseniyle desteklenmiştir. Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren yeni
nesil işletmelerin girişimcileri örneklemimizi oluşturmuştur. Analiz sürecinde
Nvivo 7 programı kullanılmış olup, ikincil veri olarak söylem, demeç ve
röportajlardan yararlanılmıştır.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding voluntary blood donation among Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University students in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Imam , Easmin Nilufar , Rahman Shafiqur , Islam Meskatul , Salam Abdus
Published: July 2018

Background: In developing countries like Bangladesh, the demand of blood supply is increasing every year. To ensure safe and adequate blood supply and to motivate voluntary donors in blood donation processes, this study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of blood donation among Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University students in Bangladesh.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 students (200 females and 203 males), using a self administered structured questionnaire.Results: 59.05% students had good knowledge about blood donation. The knowledge score was significantly higher (p<0.05) in female than male. Students positive attitudes toward voluntary blood donation included- blood donation saves life (62.8% strongly agreed, 32% agreed), donation is a moral activity (57.1% strongly agreed, 37.5% agreed), young are more suitable to donate blood (40% strongly agreed, 49.1% agreed), the best way of donation is voluntary non-remunerated (22.3% strongly agreed, 41.4% agreed). Their negative attitudes included - best way to donate blood is at the request of relatives (24.3% strongly agreed, 38% agreed), donation in paid (only 3% strongly agreed, 10.7% agreed) or something in exchange (only 1% strongly agreed, 8.9% agreed) and blood donors contract disease (3.5% strongly agreed, 27.8% agreed). Among the participants 34.2% donated blood and males donated significantly more than females (p<0.001). Physically females were significantly unfit for donating blood (p<0.001).Conclusions: Although having positive attitudes blood donation practice is not substantial among students especially in females. Interactive awareness and motivation packages should be created to enhance voluntary blood donation.
A study on anxiolytic activity and locomotor behavior of Curcuma amada rhizomes using Wistar albino rats
Authors: Raj Prajna V. , N. Megha Rani , Nayak Roopa P. , Rao S. N.
Published: July 2018

Background: Global burden of disease statistics indicate that 4 of 10 most important causes of disease worldwide are psychiatric in origin. Anxiety affects 1/8th of total population of the world and is a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology. Medicinal plants and plant products are the oldest tried health-care products. Their importance is growing not only in developing countries but in many developed countries. Curcuma amada Roxb. (CA) commonly known as Mango Ginger is a rhizomatous aromatic herb which is used in this country for culinary purposes and also to treat various diseases. The rhizomes of Curcuma amada was screened for anxiolytic activity and locomotor behavior in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as control (Distilled water with 0.1% CMC), standard (Diazepam - 1mg/kg) and test - Ethanolic Extract of Curcuma amada Rhizome (EECAR-250 mg/kg). They were administered drugs orally for a period of 10 days, and screened for anxiolytic activity using Light dark arena model and Actophotometer for assessing the locomotor behavior on the 10th day. The number of crossings and time spent in light arena for anxiolytic activity, and the number of movements in Actophotometer was noted. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test using GraphPad InStat software.Results: Curcuma amada (250mg/kg) showed increased time spent in light arena and decreased locomotor behavior which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Curcuma amada possesses significant anxiolytic with CNS depressant activity.
Effect of tamsulosin on blood glucose levels in euglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats and its interaction with glibenclamide
Authors: Satpute Sumit , Nerurkar Rajan , Kokne Manish
Published: July 2018

Background: To evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on blood glucose levels in euglycaemic rats and to investigate the effect of glibenclamide, tamsulosin and their combination on alloxan induced diabetic rats.Methods: Albino male wistar rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (2 euglycaemic and 4 alloxan induced diabetic rats groups). In Euglycaemic rats either normal saline (0.5ml P.O) or tamsulosin (0.072mg/kg P.O) were given and blood glucose levels was estimated at 0 hr, 30min, 1hr, 2hr, 4hr on day 1 and at 0hr and 1hr on day 3 and day 7. Four groups of diabetic rats were given normal saline (0.5ml P.O), glibenclamide (5mg/kg P.O), tamsulosin (0.072mg/kg P.O), combination of glibenclamide and tamsulosin respectively and blood glucose levels were estimated on day 1, 3 and 7. Repeated measures ANOVA or paired ‘t ‘test were used for within group comparison and one way ANOVA or unpaired ‘t’ test were used for between group comparison.Results: In euglycaemic rats tamsulosin caused significant rise in blood glucose levels at 1 hr on all days and in diabetic rats tamsulosin itself did not cause any significant alteration in blood glucose levels. However, its combination with glibenclamide delayed the onset of hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide & also reduced its hypoglycemic effect.Conclusions: Tamsulosin significantly increase blood glucose level in euglycaemic rats and it interact with Glibenclamide to reduce its hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats.
Cost variation analysis of proton pump inhibitors available in Indian market
Authors: Chandra Akash , Kumar Manish , Kumar Lalit , Dikshit Harihar
Published: July 2018

Background: In now days proton pump inhibitors are prescribing more and more by Indian physicians not only in peptic ulcer,gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis but also along with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to overcome the side effects as gastric irritation and discomfort by non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs.There are many brands of PPI drugs available in Indian market. Costly drugs can lead to economic burden which results in decreased compliance or even non-compliance. Non –compliance leads to incomplete treatment which tends to increase morbidity.Increase in the patient medication cost was found to associated with decreased adherence to prescription medication.Hence this study was done to assess the cost variation of proton pump inhibitors [PPI] drugs.Methods: The maximum and minimum price of each brand of the drug in INR was noted by using CIMS January to April 2018 edition Drug Today April to June 2018 Vol-1. The cost ratio and the percentage cost variation for individual drug brands was calculated. The cost of 10 tablets/capsules was calculated in case of oral drug and the cost of one 1 vial or ampoule was noted in case of injectable drug. At last the cost ratio and percentage cost variation of various brands was compared.Results: Percentage variation in cost for proton pump inhibitors marketed in india was found to be tablet/capsule Esomeprazole [20mg]:141.17, tablet/capsule Esomeprazole [40mg]:196.29, capsule/tablet Omeprazole[20mg]: 569.53, Tablet/capsule Pantoprazole[40mg]: 248.8, tablet /capsule Rabeprazole[20mg]: 815.78, capsule/tablet Lansoprazole[30mg]: 173.33, Inj. Esomeprazole [40mg] 1 vial: 81.81, Inj. Omeprazole[40mg] 1vial: 47.95, Inj. Pantoprazole[40mg] 1vial: 66.66, Inj.Rabeprazole [20mg] 1vial: 176.625.Conclusions: Tablet Rabeprazole[20mg] shows highest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 9.15 and 815.78. While Inj. Omeprazole[40mg] 1 vial shows lowest cost ratio and percentage cost variation as 1.47 and 47.95.
Lipohypertrophy due to HAART: a case series
Authors: Rao Arikeri Vasu Deva , Reddy L. Samarasimha , Velupula Srinivas , N. Jayababu , Khan Imran , Kumar M. Kiran
Published: July 2018

A subset of HIV-1 infected patients undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) develops a lipodystrophy syndrome. It is characterised by loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (face, limbs and buttocks) visceral fat accumulation and lipomatosis especially in dorsocervical area. In addition these patients show metabolic alteration implicative of metabolic syndrome particularly dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. These alterations lead to enhanced cardiovascular risk and favour the development of diabetes in such patients. A complex combination of HIV infection, drug treatment related events and lipotoxicity appears to contribute to the development of lipodystrophy syndrome. Active lipolysis in subcutaneous fat combined with impaired storage capacity in subcutaneous depot leads to ectopic deposition of lipids either in visceral or in non-adipose sites. Lipotoxicity, a pathogenic factor in the lipodystrophy syndrome should be considered in the strategies for treating and /or preventing the morphological alterations and systemic metabolic disturbances associated with lipodystrophy.
The role of preoperative PSA level in prostate cancer
Authors: Dere Yelda , Akarken İlker , Şahin Hayrettin
Published: July 2018

Background: PSA levels between 0-4 ng/ml is generally accepted as normal range, there is no world widely accepted cut-off value. PSA level is most commonly used for determining patients to whom needle biopsy should be performed. Authors aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative PSA level and histopathological features.Methods: Ninety prostatic adenocarcinoma cases diagnosed between January 2013 and January 2018 and treated by RP were included. Patients had no measurement of PSA before the operation were excluded from the study. Patients were grouped according to preoperative PSA as low-risk (<10 ng/ml), medium-risk (10-20 ng/ml) and high-risk (>20 ng/ml). The relations between all of the histopathological parameters were analyzed in addition to the preoperative PSA levels.Results: The mean age and preoperative PSA level was found as 64.16, and 12.33, respectively. The presence of EPE and tumour positive base margin showed significant relation among PSA groups as well as the presence of lymphovascular invasion and the involvement of the seminal vesicles. Intracytoplasmic mucin and foamy cytoplasm was more common in low-risk PSA group and the difference was significant.Conclusions: PSA level is one of the most commonly used marker for predicting high risk patients before the operation however it may also show relation with various histopathological factors that have effect on the prognosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma.