bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant sintilimab, oxaliplatin and capecitabine in patients with locally advanced, resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: early results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Jiang Haiping , Yu Xiongfei , Li Ning , Kong Mei , Ma Zhimin , Zhou Donghui , Wang Weibin , Wang Haohao , Wang Haiyong , He Kuifeng , Li Zhongqi , Lu Yimin , Zhang Jing , Zhao Kui , Zhang Yafei , Xu Nong , Li Ziran , Liu Ying , Wang Yan , Wang Yisen , Teng Lisong
Published: March 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have greatly improved the prognoses of diverse advanced malignancies, including gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. However, the role of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 treatment in the neoadjuvant setting remains unclear. This phase 2 study aimed to evaluate sintilimab plus CapeOx as a neoadjuvant regimen in patients with advanced resectable G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Eligible patients with resectable G/GEJ adenocarcinoma stage cT3-4NanyM0 were enrolled. Patients received neoadjuvant treatment with sintilimab (3 mg/kg for cases <60 kg or 200 mg for those ≥60 kg on day 1) plus CapeOx (oxaliplatin at 130 mg/m2on D1 and capecitabine at 1000 mg/m2two times per day on D1–D14) every 21 days, for three cycles before surgical resection, followed by adjuvant treatment with three cycles of CapeOx with the same dosages after surgical resection. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate, tumor regression grade per Becker criteria, survival and safety. As of July 30, 2020, 36 patients were enrolled. Totally 7 (19.4%) patients had GEJ cancer, and 34 (94.4%) patients were clinical stage III cases. A total of 35 (97.2%) patients completed three cycles of neoadjuvant treatment, and 1 patients received two cycles due to adverse events. All patients underwent surgery and the R0 resection rate was 97.2%. In this study, pCR and major pathological response were achieved in 7 (19.4%, 95% CI: 8.8% to 35.7%; 90% CI: 10.7% to 33.1%) and 17 (47.2%, 95% CI: 31.6% to 64.3%) patients, respectively. Thirty-one patients received adjuvant treatment. By December 20, 2021, three patients died after disease relapse, and two patients were alive with relapse. Median disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. The 1-year DFS and OS rates were 90.3% (95% CI: 80.4% to 100.0%) and 94.1% (95% CI: 86.5% to 100.0%), respectively. The most common (>1 patient) grade 3 treatment-related adverse events during neoadjuvant treatment were anemia and neutropenia (n=5 each, 13.9%). No serious adverse events (AEs) or grade 4–5 AEs were observed. Sintilimab plus oxaliplatin/capecitabine showed promising efficacy with encouraging pCR rate and good safety profile in the neoadjuvant setting. This combination regimen might present a new option for patients with locally advanced, resectable G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. Trial registration;NCT04065282.
Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer
Authors: Terrisse Safae , Goubet Anne-Gaelle , Ueda Kousuke , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Quiniou Valentin , Thelemaque Cassandra , Dunsmore Garett , Clave Emmanuel , Gamat-Huber Melissa , Yonekura Satoru , Ferrere Gladys , Rauber Conrad , Pham Hang Phuong , Fahrner Jean-Eudes , Pizzato Eugenie , Ly Pierre , Fidelle Marine , Mazzenga Marine , Costa Silva Carolina Alves , Armanini Federica , Pinto Federica , Asnicar Francesco , Daillère Romain , Derosa Lisa , Richard Corentin , Blanchard Pierre , Routy Bertrand , Culine Stéphane , Opolon Paule , Silvin Aymeric , Ginhoux Florent , Toubert Antoine , Segata Nicola , McNeel Douglas G , Fizazi Karim , Kroemer Guido , Zitvogel Laurence
Published: March 2022

Background

Prostate cancer (PC) responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usually in a transient fashion, progressing from hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to castration-resistant PC (CRPC). We investigated a mouse model of PC as well as specimens from PC patients to unravel an unsuspected contribution of thymus-derived T lymphocytes and the intestinal microbiota in the efficacy of ADT.

Methods

Preclinical experiments were performed in PC-bearing mice, immunocompetent or immunodeficient. In parallel, we prospectively included 65 HSPC and CRPC patients (Oncobiotic trial) to analyze their feces and blood specimens.

Results

In PC-bearing mice, ADT increased thymic cellularity and output. PC implanted in T lymphocyte-depleted or athymic mice responded less efficiently to ADT than in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, depletion of the intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics reduced the efficacy of ADT. PC reduced the relative abundance ofAkkermansia muciniphilain the gut, and this effect was reversed by ADT. Moreover, cohousing of PC-bearing mice with tumor-free mice or oral gavage withAkkermansiaimproved the efficacy of ADT. This appears to be applicable to PC patients because long-term ADT resulted in an increase of thymic output, as demonstrated by an increase in circulating recent thymic emigrant cells (sjTRECs). Moreover, as compared with HSPC controls, CRPC patients demonstrated a shift in their intestinal microbiota that significantly correlated with sjTRECs. While feces from healthy volunteers restored ADT efficacy, feces from PC patients failed to do so.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the potential clinical utility of reversing intestinal dysbiosis and repairing acquired immune defects in PC patients.
Recommendations for standardizing biopsy acquisition and histological assessment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis
Authors: Ma Christopher , Pai Rish K , Schaeffer David F , Krell Jonathan , Guizzetti Leonardo , McFarlane Stefanie C , MacDonald John K , Choi Won-Tak , Feakins Roger M , Kirsch Richard , Lauwers Gregory Y , Pai Reetesh K , Rosty Christophe , Srivastava Amitabh , Walsh Joanna C. , Feagan Brian G , Jairath Vipul
Published: March 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis (ICIC) affects approximately 15% of cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. Although histological evaluation is potentially valuable for both the diagnosis of ICIC and evaluation of disease activity, use in clinical practice is heterogeneous. We aimed to develop expert recommendations to standardize histological assessment of disease activity in patients with ICIC. Using the modified Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles (RAND/UCLA) appropriateness methodology, an international panel of 11 pathologists rated the appropriateness of 99 statements on a 9-point Likert scale during two rounds of anonymous voting. Results were discussed between rounds using moderated videoconferences. There are currently no disease-specific instruments for assessing histological features of ICIC. The panel considered that colonoscopy with at least three biopsies per segment from a total of at least five segments, including both endoscopically normal and inflamed areas, was appropriate for tissue acquisition. They agreed that biopsies should be oriented such that the long axis of the colonic crypts is visualized and should be stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological items that the panel voted were appropriate to evaluate in ICIC included the degree of structural/architectural change, chronic inflammatory infiltrate, lamina propria and intraepithelial neutrophils, crypt abscesses and destruction, erosions/ulcerations, apoptosis, surface intraepithelial lymphocytosis, and subepithelial collagen thickness. The appropriateness of routine immunohistochemistry was uncertain. These expert recommendations will help standardize assessment of histological activity in patients with ICIC. The panel also identified the development and validation of an ICIC-specific histological index as a research priority.
Efficacy of a nurse-led patient education intervention in promoting safety skills of patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with biologics: a multicentre randomised clinical trial
Authors: Beauvais Catherine , Fayet Françoise , Rousseau Alexandra , Sordet Christelle , Pouplin Sophie , Maugars Yves , Poilverd Rose Marie , Savel Carine , Ségard Véronique , Godon Béatrice , L’amour Christian , Perdriger Aleth , Brin Fabienne , Peyrard Patricia , Chalier Fabienne , Pallot-Prades Béatrice , Tuffet Sophie , Griffoul Isabelle , Gossec Laure
Published: March 2022

Objective

To evaluate the effect of a nurse-led patient education on safety skills of patients with inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Methods

This is a multicentre, open-labelled, randomised controlled trial comparing an intervention group (face-to-face education by a nurse at baseline and 3 months later) with a control group (usual care) at the introduction of a first subcutaneous bDMARD. The primary outcome was score on the BioSecure questionnaire at 6 months (0–100 scale), a validated questionnaire assessing competencies in dealing with fever, infections, vaccination and daily situations. The secondary outcomes were disease activity, coping, psychological well-being, beliefs about medication, self-efficacy and severe infection rate.

Results

129 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis were enrolled in nine rheumatology departments; 122 completed the study; 127 were analysed; and 64 received the intervention (mean duration: 65 min at baseline and 44 min at 3 months). The primary outcome was met: the BioSecure score was 81.2±13.1 and 75.6±13.0 in the education and usual care groups (difference: +6.2, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.1, p=0.015), demonstrating higher safety skills in the education group. Exploratory analyses showed better skills regarding infections, greater willingness for vaccinations and greater adherence-related behaviours in the education group. Coping was significantly more improved by education; other secondary outcomes were improved in both groups, with no difference.

Conclusions

Educating patients was effective in promoting patient behaviours for preventing adverse events with bDMARDs. An education session delivered to patients starting a first bDMARD can be useful to help them self-manage safety issues.

Trial registration number

NCT02855320.
Impact of pain sensitisation on the quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Aw Natalie Min-Yi , Yeo Seng-Jin , Wylde Vikki , Wong Steven B , Chan Diana , Thumboo Julian , Leung Ying Ying
Published: March 2022

Objectives

We aim to evaluate the effect on different ways of classifying pain sensitisation on impact and quality of life (QoL) in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods

We used baseline data from a cohort of consecutive patients with KOA listed for arthroplasty. We collected demographics and number of painful body sites. We measured pressure pain thresholds at the right forearm (PPTarm). Pain sensitisation was classified using: (1) widespread pain, (2) lowest 10th percentile of PPTarm and (3) PainDETECT questionnaire ≥13/38. Impact and QoL were assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Short Form-36. Impact and QoL scores in patients with or without pain sensitisation were compared. We evaluated the association of pain sensitisation measures with QoL scores using multivariable regression.

Results

233 patients (80% female, mean age 66 years) included in the analysis; 7.3%, 11.6% and 4.7% were classified as having pain sensitisation by widespread pain, low PPTarm and PainDETECT criteria, respectively. There was minimal overlap of patients as classified as pain sensitisation phenotype by different measures. Patients with pain sensitisation had poorer QoL compared with those without. Low PPTarm identified patients with poorer general health, while widespread pain and PainDETECT identified poorer QoL in more psychological domains. There was weak correlation between number of painful body sites and PainDETECT (rho=0.23, p<0.01), but no significant correlation with PPTarm.

Conclusion

Patients with KOA with pain sensitisation have poorer QoL compared with those without, regardless of classification method. Different criteria defined patients with different pattern of QoL impact.
Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and immune-mediated diseases: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Adami Giovanni , Pontalti Marco , Cattani Giorgio , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta , Orsolini Giovanni , Benini Camilla , Bertoldo Eugenia , Fracassi Elena , Gatti Davide , Fassio Angelo
Published: March 2022

Objective

Environmental air pollution has been associated with disruption of the immune system at a molecular level. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of developing immune-mediated conditions.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective observational study on a nationwide dataset of women and men. Diagnoses of various immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs) were retrieved. Data on the monitoring of particulate matter (PM)10 and PM2.5 concentrations were retrieved from the Italian Institute of Environmental Protection and Research. Generalised linear models were employed to determine the relationship between autoimmune diseases prevalence and PM.

Results

81 363 subjects were included in the study. We found a positive association between PM10 and the risk of autoimmune diseases (ρ+0.007, p 0.014). Every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM10 concentration was associated with an incremental 7% risk of having autoimmune disease. Exposure to PM10 above 30 µg/m3 and PM2.5 above 20 µg/m3 was associated with a 12% and 13% higher risk of autoimmune disease, respectively (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.12, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.20, and aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20). Exposure to PM10 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis; exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, connective tissue diseases (CTDs) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).

Conclusion

Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases, in particular rheumatoid arthritis, CTDs and IBD. Chronic exposure to levels above the threshold for human protection was associated with a 10% higher risk of developing IMIDs.
Trends in orthopaedic surgery for spondyloarthritis: outcomes from a National Hospitalised Patient Registry (MBDS) over a 17-year period (1999–2015).TREND-EspA study
Authors: Mazzucchelli Ramón , Almodóvar Raquel , Turrado-Crespí Paula , Crespí-Villarías Natalia , Pérez-Fernández Elia , García-Zamora Elena , García-Vadillo Alberto
Published: March 2022

Objective

To assess the incidence of orthopaedic surgery (OS) (including total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty, upper limb arthroplasty, arthrodesis and spinal surgery) and associated trends in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) over a long period (17 years).

Methods

An observational, retrospective, population-based, serial cross-sectional study was conducted. All hospital admissions of patients with SpA reported between 1999 and 2015 were analysed, and a control group was selected and matched by age, sex and year of admission. Incidence rates for OS (and subtypes) were calculated. Generalised linear models were used to analyse trends; unconditional logistic regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted ORs (aORs) with the aim of evaluating the association between OS and SpA.

Results

The study database contained data on 214 280 hospital admissions (SpA/non-SpA 1:1 ratio). In the SpA cohort, 5 382 admissions (5.02%) had undergone OS compared with 3 533 in the non-SpA cohort (3.29%) (AOR 1.64; 95% CI 1.57 to 1.72). OS rates increased for both cohorts (+4.92% per year vs +8.41%). The trend in OS, THA, arthrodesis and spinal surgery decreased or stabilised in patients under age 60 in the SpA cohort, while the non-SpA cohort remained stable. In the SpA cohort, the mean age was 53.68 years (SD 13.65) in 1999, increasing to 62.76 years (SD 12.74) in 2015. In the non-SpA cohort, the mean age remained stable at around 63 years.

Conclusions

A 9-year difference in the age of patients undergoing OS was observed in patients with SpA. The incidence of OS, THA and arthrodesis decreased in patients under age 60, and the incidence of spinal surgery decreased in patients under age 40. Our findings suggest that these patients are increasingly able to defer surgical interventions.
Long-term safety and clinical outcomes of certolizumab pegol treatment in patients with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: 3-year results from the phase 3 C-axSpAnd study
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Gensler Lianne S , Maksymowych Walter P , Landewé Robert , Rudwaleit Martin , Bauer Lars , Kumke Thomas , Kim Mindy , Auteri Simone Emanuele , Hoepken Bengt , Deodhar Atul
Published: March 2022

Background

52-week results from C-axSpAnd demonstrated the safety and efficacy of certolizumab pegol (CZP) in patients with active non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and objective signs of inflammation (sacroiliitis on MRI and/or elevated C-reactive protein levels). Long-term safety and clinical outcomes, including MRI assessments, are evaluated up to 3 years for CZP-treated patients with nr-axSpA.

Methods

C-axSpAnd was a phase 3 study comprising a 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled period and 2-year open-label safety follow-up extension (SFE). At baseline, 317 patients were randomised 1:1 to placebo or CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks. Patients completing the double-blind phase who enrolled into the SFE received open-label CZP for an additional 104 weeks. Long-term safety and clinical outcomes are reported to Week 156. Continuous outcomes are presented as observed case (OC) and dichotomous outcomes as OC and with non-responder imputation.

Results

243/317 (76.7%) patients entered the SFE, during which 149 (61.3%) experienced ≥1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); 15 (3.3/100 patient-years) experienced serious TEAEs. Continuous outcome scores (including Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS]: 1.8; Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]: 2.7) at Week 52 were maintained at Week 156 (ASDAS: 1.8; BASDAI: 2.6) for the initial CZP-randomised group. Mean SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint inflammation scores for these patients decreased at Week 52 (baseline: 7.6; Week 52: 1.7), remaining low at Week 156 (2.4).

Conclusions

CZP treatment was well tolerated up to 3 years, with no new safety signals versus previous reports. Clinical outcomes achieved after 1 year were sustained to 3 years.

Trial registration number

NCT02552212.
When the world stops: The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and physical literacy
Authors: Houser Natalie E. , Humbert M. Louise , Kriellaars Dean , Erlandson Marta C.
Published: March 2022

Matched pre-during pandemic comparison (160 children) revealed a substantial reduction in physical activity (p < 0.001, rrb = 0.83), environmental participation (p = 0.046, rrb = 0.16), movement valuation (p < 0.001, rrb = 0.61), and parent perceptions of children’s physical literacy (p < 0.001, rrb = 0.56). Examining physical activity trajectories, higher pre-pandemic physical literacy protected children from pandemic related activity decline. Emerging from the pandemic, interventions should address children’s eroded belief in movement and consider physical literacy levels of children in individualizing movement opportunities for restoration of activity levels.

Novelty: A substantial reduction in physical activity was associated with children who had lower physical literacy and resulted in reductions in children’s valuation of movement.
Drivers of at-vessel mortality of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and oceanic whitetip shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) assessed from monitored pelagic longline experiments
Authors: Massey Yoluène , Sabarros Philippe S. , Bach Pascal
Published: March 2022

Elasmobranchs make up a significant part of bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries, whose induced mortality can be a major threat to endangered species. It is therefore crucial to understand the drivers of at-vessel mortality (AVM) for this fishing gear to enhance postrelease survival. To this end, we analysed scientific data collected during monitored longline fishing experiments conducted in French Polynesia to ( i) estimate AVM for each species based on bootstrapped samples and ( ii) to assess AVM drivers using multivariate logistic regression models for the blue shark ( Prionace glauca) and oceanic whitetip shark ( Carcharhinus longimanus). We found that AVM varies widely between species. Oceanic whitetip sharks are more likely to die when caught in waters outside their comfort temperature range, and their odds of survival increase with body length. For the blue shark, the only driver related to AVM is hooking duration. These results indicate that to reduce the AVM of these two species, the vertical distribution of hooks and soak duration should be considered as mitigation measures related to pelagic longlining.
Accelerator commissioning and rare isotope identification at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams
Authors: Wei J. , Ao H. , Arend B. , Beher S. , Bollen G. , Bultman N. , Casagrande F. , Chang W. , Choi Y. , Cogan S. , Compton C. , Cortesi M. , Curtin J. , Davidson K. , Du X. , Elliott K. , Ewert B. , Facco A. , Fila A. , Fukushima K. , Ganni V. , Ganshyn A. , Gao J. , Glasmacher T. , Guo J. , Hao Y. , Hartung W. , Hasan N. , Hausmann M. , Holland K. , Hseuh H. C. , Ikegami M. , Jager D. , Jones S. , Joseph N. , Kanemura T. , Kim S.-H. , Knudsen P. , Kortum B. , Kwan E. , Larter T. , Laxdal R. E. , Larmann M. , Laturkar K. , LeTourneau J. , Li Z.-Y. , Lidia S. , Machicoane G. , Magsig C. , Manwiller P. , Marti F. , Maruta T. , McCartney A. , Metzgar E. , Miller S. , Momozaki Y. , Morris D. , Mugerian M. , Nesterenko I. , Nguyen C. , O’Brien W. , Openlander K. , Ostroumov P. N. , Patil M. , Plastun A. S. , Popielarski J. , Popielarski L. , Portillo M. , Priller J. , Rao X. , Reaume M. , Ren H. , Saito K. , Smith M. , Steiner M. , Stolz A. , Tarasov O. B. , Tousignant B. , Walker R. , Wang X. , Wenstrom J. , West G. , Witgen K. , Wright M. , Xu T. , Xu Y. , Yamazaki Y. , Zhang T. , Zhao Q. , Zhao S. , Dixon K. , Wiseman M. , Kelly M. , Hosoyama K. , Prestemon S.
Published: March 2022

In 2008, Michigan State University was selected to establish the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). Construction of the FRIB accelerator was completed in January 2022. Phased accelerator commissioning with heavy ion beams started in 2017 with the normal-conducting ion source and radio-frequency quadrupole. In April 2021, the full FRIB driver linear accelerator (linac) was commissioned, with heavy ion beams accelerated to energies above 200 MeV/nucleon by 324 superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) resonators operating at 2 K and 4 K with liquid-helium cooling. In preparation for high-power operation, a liquid lithium charge stripper was commissioned with heavy ion beams up to uranium-238, followed by the simultaneous acceleration of multiple-charge-state heavy ion beams to energies above 200 MeV/nucleon. In December 2021, selenium-84 was produced with the FRIB target using a krypton-86 primary beam, demonstrating FRIB’s capability for scientific discovery.
Changes in Entrepreneurs’ Risk-Taking Propensity Across Venture Phases
Authors: Salmony Florentine U. , Kanbach Dominik K.
Published: March 2022

Risk-taking propensity is considered a defining characteristic of entrepreneurs. Previous research informs us that risk-taking propensity can be dynamic, changing over the course of an individual’s life, often in response to situational changes. Despite this, temporally driven shifts in entrepreneurs’ risk-taking propensity have been underappreciated by research to date. While some studies investigate risk-taking propensity variation across entrepreneurs in early venture phases, risk-taking propensity differences across all venture phases have not been investigated. To close this gap, we assess variations in risk-taking propensity across groups of entrepreneurs in different venture phases, ranging from early to late stages. In a sample of 266 practicing entrepreneurs, we observe notable differences in risk-taking propensity across venture phases. Early-stage entrepreneurs exhibit higher risk-taking propensity than those in later phases of venture maturity. This has important implications for entrepreneurship research and encourages the consideration of temporal personality variation and differences within the group of entrepreneurs.
Institutional Change and Entrepreneurial Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Inclusive Growth and Development
Authors: Ogunsade Adekunle , Obembe Demola , Woldesenbet Kassa , Ojebode Aderemi
Published: March 2022

A key focus for entrepreneurial development strategies for many economies is to facilitate sustainable and inclusive growth that will create jobs and reduce poverty. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is confronted with institutional challenges in bringing these objectives into fruition. We draw from institutionalism and entrepreneurial governance theory to explore institutional context and challenges to entrepreneurial development and inclusive growth in Africa. We theorize that entrepreneurial governance and public policy must focus on policy direction, enterprise enabling institutions for nascent entrepreneurs, seed funding and local embeddedness to eliminate institutional voids. We provide a dynamic view of institutional context and offer a policy framework to uncover challenges to entrepreneurial emergence and sustainable development in Africa. The study submits that enabling entrepreneurial activities for inclusive growth and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa requires the right institutional and supporting ecosystem.
The Entrepreneurial Intention of Algerian Students: Between Disillusionment of the Entrepreneurial Climate and Self-Confidence
Authors: Tounés Azzedine , Mahmoudi Mourad
Published: March 2022

This article studies the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian students to explain the weakness in business creation in the country. Theoretical and empirical evidence on this subject is scarce, particularly among young Algerians. By combining two dominant research trends in the field of entrepreneurship, namely an approach based on contextual factors, and one based on individual characteristics, we examined the impact of perceived entrepreneurial climate and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on Algerian students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Our study, contextualized in the student environment, aims to analyze how entrepreneurship education moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention.

Based on a sample of 302 students, our survey yielded two important results. The first was the negative effect of perceived entrepreneurial climate on entrepreneurial intention. The second was that as a moderating factor, entrepreneurship education did not reinforce the significant direct influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on the intention to start a business among Algerian students. These insights may help improve the level of entrepreneurial intention within developing countries.
Winding number and homotopy for quaternionic curves
Authors: Giardino Sergio
Published: March 2022

In this paper, following a recent approach to quaternionic curves, we defined the quaternionic polar angle that enabled us to define global properties of quaternionic curves, namely, the winding number and the homotopy concept. The results admit various applications, including further analogies to plane curves, and physical applications.
Magnetic field effect on the dynamics of entanglement for time-dependent harmonic oscillator
Authors: Hab-Arrih Radouan , Jellal Ahmed , Merdaci Abdeldjalil
Published: March 2022

We investigate the dynamics of entanglement, uncertainty and mixedness by solving time-dependent Schrödinger equation for two-dimensional harmonic oscillator with time-dependent frequency and coupling parameter subject to a static magnetic field. We compute the purities (global/marginal) and then calculate explicitly the linear entropy [Formula: see text] as well as logarithmic negativity [Formula: see text] using the symplectic parametrization of vacuum state. We introduce the spectral decomposition to diagonalize the marginal state and get the expression of von Neumann entropy [Formula: see text] and establish its link with [Formula: see text]. We use the Wigner formalism to derive the Heisenberg uncertainties and show their dependencies on both [Formula: see text] and the coupling parameters [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] of the quadrature term [Formula: see text]. We graphically study the dynamics of the three features (entanglement, uncertainty, mixedness) and present a similar topology with respect to time. We show the effects of the magnetic field and quenched values of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on these three dynamics, which lead eventually to control and handle them.
EFFECTS OF USER COMMUNITY SENSING CAPABILITY IN DIGITAL PRODUCT INNOVATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE VIDEO GAME INDUSTRY
Authors: EK PETER , SÖRHAMMAR DAVID
Published: March 2022

Digital technology continues to extend the co-creative role of users and user communities as sources of innovation-conducive knowledge. While the potential of user communities in this context is well established, little is known about the capabilities needed to successfully manage the interface with virtual user communities. The paper investigates User Community Sensing (UCS) capability as a measure of firms’ ability to anticipate changes and opportunities for innovation by interfacing with relevant user communities. Based on existing research and data from 173 product innovation projects, the study employs structural equation modelling to test the hypothesised effects of this capability on product innovation performance and product innovation speed. The results indicate that UCS capability affects performance positively and indirectly by increasing knowledge about users but has no significant effect on speed. As well as contributing to the literature on innovation management, the study has a number of implications for practitioners.
Neural Network Towards Uncertain Legal Case Retrieval
Authors: Sivaranjani N. , Jayabharathy J.
Published: March 2022

Information retrieval in natural language processing is nothing but the process of finding information that matches or satisfies information needed from a large database. Legal Case Retrieval (LCR) is considered to be an uncertain task focused to retrieve a similar case given a query case. Unlike other IR tasks, LCR is more thought-provoking since the query case is much longer and multifaceted when compared to queries in other tasks. Other than that, meaning of similarity between the query case and candidate cases is beyond the topical relevance and hence difficult to build a large-scale case retrieval dataset. Hence, this paper proposes a neural network-based retrieval model that identifies the most similar case supporting the query case decision. To achieve a high recall value, the retrieval process is pipelined into two stages, (i) the candidate cases are initially identified with matching section codes from the query case. (ii) Capture semantic relationship at the point level and then calculate the similarity between query case and candidate case by aggregating point level similarity. With the extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark LCR, the proposed model outperforms the existing work with the value of F-measure 0.82. The initial step of choosing the candidate cases with the matching section code yields a higher recall value and in turn higher F-measure.
An Effective Learning Evaluation Method Based on Text Data with Real-time Attribution - A Case Study for Mathematical Class with Students of Junior Middle School in China
Authors: Liu Shuai , He Tenghui , Li Jingyi , Li Yating , Kumar Akshi
Published: March 2022

In today's intelligent age, the vigorous development of education-based information analysis technology has had a profound impact on the education and teaching process. The use of computational linguistics technology to extract teaching data for learning evaluation is an important hot domain in this research field. Therefore, the study of student learning assessment methods based on text data has become a key issue. The text data extracted from the education process has attributes related to time and operational attributes, which are important indicators to measure the effect of student learning effect. However, these attributes are not focused by the traditional educational effect evaluation method, which make the learning effect of students difficult to measure comprehensively and effectively. In response to this problem, this article first uses perception technology to extract learning text data based on time and operational attributes. Secondly, according to the real-time attributes of text data, such as time and operation attributes, a learning evaluation method based on real-time text data is proposed. Finally, this article compares the traditional evaluation method with the proposed method. The results show that using real-time attribute text data is more effective in students’ learning measure.
SDCN2: A Shallow Densely Connected CNN for Multi-Purpose Image Manipulation Detection
Authors: Singh Gurinder , Goyal Puneet
Published: March 2022

Digital image information can be easily tampered with to harm the integrity of someone. Thus, recognizing the truthfulness and processing history of an image is one of the essential concerns in multimedia forensics. Numerous forensic methods have been developed by researchers with the ability to detect targeted editing operations. However, creating a unified forensic approach capable of detecting multiple image manipulations remains a challenging problem. In this article, a new general-purpose forensic approach is designed based on a shallow densely connected convolutional neural network (SDCN2) that exploits local dense connections and global residual learning. The residual domain is considered in the proposed network rather than the spatial domain to analyze the image manipulation artifacts because the residual domain is less dependent on image content information. To attain this purpose, a residual convolutional layer is employed at the beginning of the proposed model to adaptively learn the image manipulation features by suppressing the image content information. Then, the obtained image residuals or prediction error features are further processed by the shallow densely connected convolutional neural network for high-level feature extraction. In addition, the hierarchical features produced by the densely connected blocks and prediction error features are fused globally for better information flow across the network. The extensive experiment results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing state-of-the-art general-purpose forensic schemes even under anti-forensic attacks, when tested on large-scale datasets. The proposed model offers overall detection accuracies of 98.34% and 99.22% for BOSSBase and Dresden datasets, respectively, for multiple image manipulation detection. Moreover, the proposed network is highly efficient in terms of computational complexity as compared to the existing approaches.
Determination of Saccharin through a Carbon Paste Sensor Modified by Electrodeposition of Silver Film
Authors: Aredes Rafaella Silva , Moreira Matheus , Amorim Pedro Henrique Oliveira , Dornellas Rafael Machado , Semaan Felipe Silva
Published: March 2022

Saccharin is a synthetic artificial sweetener, widely used in several dietary products. In this work, a graphite and paraffin-based composite electrode (80% m m−1 in graphite) modified by electrodeposition of silver film was developed to quantify saccharin in samples of commercial sweeteners through cyclic voltammetry. The electrodeposition step consisted of the application of −0.6 V (vs Ag∣AgClsat∣KClsat) for 8 min under gentle stirring, with the electrode immersed in a solution containing 0.05 mol l−1 silver nitrate. The quantification occurred by cyclic voltammetry between −0.2 V to 0.8 V at 100 mV s−1, the signal being observed at +0.2 V and having ammonium acetate and acetic acid as the electrolyte. For the optimized conditions, a linear behavior between 4 × 10−5 and 9 × 10−4 mol l−1 (R2 > 0.99) was observed, with detection and quantification limits of 20.6 μmol l−1 and 62.6 μmol l−1, respectively. To evaluate the accuracy, the strategies based on volumetric precipitation and gravimetry were used as comparison procedures in which both the obtained product (silver saccharinate) and the standard saccharin were characterized by different thermoanalytical (TGA-DTG) and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR). The results were compared by a chromatographic method described in the literature and the results were satisfactory and comparable.
Spatiotemporal diversity and regulation of glycosaminoglycans in cell homeostasis and human disease
Authors: Basu Amrita , Patel Neil G. , Nicholson Elijah D. , Weiss Ryan J.
Published: March 2022

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all animal cells. These complex carbohydrates play important roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, inflammation, and genetic disorders. GAGs are among the most complex molecules in biology with enormous information content and extensive structural and functional heterogeneity. GAG biosynthesis is a nontemplate-driven process facilitated by a large group of biosynthetic enzymes that have been extensively characterized over the past few decades. Interestingly, the expression of the enzymes and the consequent structure and function of the polysaccharide chains can vary temporally and spatially during development and under certain pathophysiological conditions, suggesting their assembly is tightly regulated in cells. Due to their many key roles in cell homeostasis and disease, there is much interest in targeting the assembly and function of GAGs as a therapeutic approach. Recent advances in genomics and GAG analytical techniques have pushed the field and generated new perspectives on the regulation of mammalian glycosylation. This review highlights the spatiotemporal diversity of GAGs and the mechanisms guiding their assembly and function in human biology and disease.
The gut-brain axis: spatial relationship between spinal afferent nerves and 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells in mucosa of mouse colon
Authors: Dodds Kelsi N. , Travis Lee , Kyloh Melinda A. , Jones Lauren A. , Keating Damien J. , Spencer Nick J.
Published: March 2022

We show an absence of close physical contact between spinal afferent nerves and 5-HT-containing EC cells in mouse colonic mucosa. Similar relative distances were observed between randomized EC cells and spinal afferents compared with actual data. This spatial relationship suggests that substances released from colonic 5-HT-containing EC cells are unlikely to act via synaptic transmission to neighboring spinal afferents that relay sensory information from the gut lumen to the brain.
Initiation and severity of experimental pancreatitis are modified by phosphate
Authors: Farooq Ahmad , Hernandez Liliana , Swain Sandip M. , Shahid Rafiq A. , Romac Joelle M.-J. , Vigna Steven R. , Liddle Rodger A.
Published: March 2022

Impaired ATP synthesis disrupts acinar cell homeostasis and is an early step in pancreatitis. We report that reduced phosphate availability impairs mitochondrial function and worsens pancreatic injury. Phosphate supplementation improves mitochondrial function and protects against experimental pancreatitis, raising the possibility that phosphate supplementation may be useful in treating pancreatitis.
Localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-dependent rhythm-generating modules in the Drosophila larval locomotor network
Authors: Jonaitis Julius , MacLeod James , Pulver Stefan R.
Published: March 2022

Using a combination of pharmacology, electrophysiology, and Ca2+ imaging, we find that signaling through mACh receptors plays a critical role in rhythmogenesis in different regions of the Drosophila larval CNS. mAChR-dependent rhythm generators reside in distal regions of the larval CNS and provide functional substrates for central pattern-generating networks (CPGs) underlying headsweep behavior and forward locomotion. This provides new insights into locomotor CPG operation in soft-bodied animals that navigate over terrain.
Interactive effects of apneic and baroreflex stress on neuronal coding strategies in human muscle sympathetic nerve activity
Authors: Kulas Bartek , Klassen Stephen A. , Moir M. Erin , Shoemaker J. Kevin
Published: March 2022

Discrete physiological stressors differentially affect sympathetic postganglionic neuronal rate-, population-, and temporal-coding strategies. When performing end-expiratory apnea (APN) during graded baroreflex unloading via lower body negative pressure (LBNP): 1) augmented sympathetic neuronal firing probability, 2) recruited larger and previously silent sympathetic postganglionic neurons at ambient and −10 mmHg, but not −40 mmHg LBNP, and 3) reduced neuronal discharge latency similarly across all conditions, independent of the level of baroreflex unloading.
Execution of natural manipulation in the air enhances the beta-rhythm intermuscular coherences of the human arm depending on muscle pairs
Authors: Ohtsuka Hiroyuki , Nakajima Tsuyoshi , Komiyama Tomoyoshi , Suzuki Shinya , Irie Shun , Ariyasu Ryohei
Published: March 2022

Natural manipulation in air consists of two kinematic components: grasping, with activation of hand muscles, and lifting, with activation of proximal muscles. We show that during the maintenance of object manipulation in air the central nervous system regulates the synchronous drive onto human motoneuron pools depending on the hand/proximal muscle pairs and that the multiple combination effect of the sensations of touch/object load and motor signals in the task promotes the synchrony of these pairs.
Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection Improves the Intraperitoneal High Pressure in Rats Treated with Abdominal Wall Plasty
Authors: Zhang Xue , Shen Yingmo , Yang Shuo , Wang Baoshan , Chen Jie
Published: March 2022

The aim of the study is mainly to study the subject of BoNT-A injection to improve IAH in rats undergoing abdominal angioplasty. The study problem in surgery, especially in ICU, burn, and trauma centers, intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are common complications. At present, there are various treatments for IAH. The intramuscular injection of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) into the abdominal wall has received a lot of attention. Based on this, this study proposes a method for measuring abdominal pressure, applies BoNT-A to reduce abdominal pressure in the IAH state of abdominal wall angioplasty, and explores a way to increase the compliance of the abdominal wall under the premise of maintaining the sealing of the abdominal cavity, so as to realize the expansion of the abdominal cavity. A method is achieved to reduce intra-abdominal pressure and eliminate or alleviate ACS. The results of the experiment showed that when the rats in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline as the rats in the experimental group, the IAP was significantly higher than that in the experimental group (

P
<
0.05

). This shows that BoNT-A increases the compliance of the abdominal wall while maintaining the closure of the abdominal cavity, thereby increasing the volume of the abdominal cavity and alleviating the state of IAH in rats.
The Application of Whole-Process Case Management in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhao Yunyan , Zhu Ran , Bai Jie , Li Jie , Jia Xue , Wang Peng , Jin Lijun
Published: March 2022

Objective. To explore the application of professional whole-process case management during nursing in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Methods. This study recruited 60 patients with triple-negative breast cancer who were diagnosed and treated at Department of Breast Surgery in our hospital assessed for eligibility between June 2018 and June 2020, and we assigned them at a ratio of 1 : 1 via the random number table method to receive either general nursing (control group) or professional whole-process case management plus general nursing (observation group). We analyzed and evaluated the hospitalization, the indwelling time of drainage tube, complications, recovery, quality of life, posttraumatic growth, and nursing satisfaction between these two groups at registration, discharge, and the sixth month after surgery, respectively. Results. Professional whole-process case management achieved a shorter duration of drainage tube placement and hospitalization and a lower incidence of postoperative complications versus general nursing (

P
<
0.05

). Moreover, the observation group had got better recovery (

P
<
0.05

) and a better quality of life at discharge and 6 months after surgery (

P
<
0.05

). Professional whole-process case management obtained higher scores of posttraumatic growth and higher nursing satisfaction versus general nursing (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. Whole-process case management promotes the postoperative recovery of patients with triple-negative breast cancer and shortens the duration of drainage tube indwelling and hospitalization, which lowers the incidence of postoperative complications, improves their quality of life, and enhances nursing satisfaction.
A Machine Vision Anomaly Detection System to Industry 4.0 Based on Variational Fuzzy Autoencoder
Authors: Jiang Wei
Published: March 2022

From a technological point of view, Industry 4.0 evolves and operates in a smart environment in which the real and virtual worlds come together through smart cyber-physical systems. These devices that control each other autonomously activate innovative functions that enhance the production process. However, the industrial environment in which the most modern digital automation and information technologies are integrated is an ideal target for large-scale targeted cyberattacks. Implementing an integrated and effective security strategy in the Industrial 4.0 ecosystem presupposes a vertical inspection process at regular intervals to address any new threats and vulnerabilities throughout the production line. This view should be accompanied by the deep conviction of all stakeholders that all systems of modern industrial infrastructure are a potential target of cyberattacks and that the slightest rearrangement of mechatronic systems can lead to generalized losses. Accordingly, given that there is no panacea in designing a security strategy that fully ensures the infrastructure in question, advanced high-level solutions should be adopted, effectively implementing security perimeters without direct dependence on human resources. One of the most important methods of active cybersecurity in Industry 4.0 is the detection of anomalies, i.e., the identification of objects, observations, events, or behaviors that do not conform to the expected pattern of a process. The theme of this work is the identification of defects in the production line resulting from cyberattacks with advanced machine vision methods. An original variational fuzzy autoencoder (VFA) methodology is proposed. Using fuzzy entropy and Euclidean fuzzy similarity measurement maximizes the possibility of using nonlinear transformation through deterministic functions, thus creating an entirely realistic vision system. The final finding is that the proposed system can evaluate and categorize anomalies in a highly complex environment with significant accuracy.