bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the
Canadian Arctic and northern regions: current and future modelled
scenarios
Authors: Gong Wanmin , Beagley Stephen R. , Cousineau Sophie , Sassi Mourad , Munoz-Alpizar Rodrigo , Ménard Sylvain , Racine Jacinthe , Zhang Junhua , Chen Jack , Morrison Heather , Sharma Sangeeta , Huang Lin , Bellavance Pascal , Ly Jim , Izdebski Paul , Lyons Lynn , Holt Richard
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A first regional assessment of the impact of shipping emissions on air pollution in the Canadian Arctic and northern regions was conducted in this study. Model simulations were carried out on a limited-area domain (at 15-km horizontal resolution) centred over the Canadian Arctic, using the Environment and Climate Change Canada's on-line air quality forecast model (GEM-MACH), to investigate the contribution from the marine shipping emissions over the Canadian Arctic waters (at both present and projected future levels) to ambient concentrations of criteria pollutants (O3, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2), atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen, atmospheric loading and deposition of black carbon in the Arctic. Several model upgrades were introduced for this study, including the treatment of sea-ice in the dry deposition parameterization, chemical lateral boundary conditions, and the inclusion of North American wildfire emissions. The model is shown to have similar skills in predicting ambient O3 and PM2.5 concentrations in the Canadian Arctic and northern regions as the current operational air quality forecast models in North America and Europe. In particular, the model is able to simulate well the observed O3 and PM components at the Canadian high Arctic site, Alert. The model assessment shows that, at the current (2010) level, Arctic shipping emissions contribute to less than 1 % of ambient O3 concentration over the eastern Canadian Arctic and between 1 and 5 % of ambient PM2.5 concentration over the shipping channels. Arctic shipping emissions make a much greater contributions to the ambient NO2 and SO2 concentrations, at 10–50 % and 20–100 %, respectively. At the projected 2030 business-as-usual (BAU) level, the impact of Arctic shipping emissions is predicted to increase to up to 5 % in ambient O3 concentration over a broad region of the Canadian Arctic and to 5–20 % in ambient PM2.5 concentration over the shipping channels. In contrast, if emission controls such as the ones implemented in the current North American Emission Control Area (NA ECA) are to be put in place over the Canadian Arctic waters, the impact of shipping to ambient criteria pollutants would be significantly reduced. For example, with NA-ECA-like controls, the shipping contributions to population-weighted concentration of SO2 and PM2.5 would be brought down to below the current level. The contribution of Canadian Arctic shipping to the atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen is small at the current level,
Aerosol-induced changes in the vertical structure of precipitation: a perspective of TRMM precipitation radar
Authors: Guo Jianping , Liu Huan , Li Zhanqing , Rosenfeld Daniel , Jiang Mengjiao , Xu Weixing , Jiang Jonathan H. , He Jing , Chen Dandan , Min Min , Zhai Panmao
Published: April 2018

Abstract. This study investigates aerosol effects on precipitation over the Pearl River Delta region of China using six years of ground-based PM10 and satellite-based (TRMM) precipitation data. In general, rain rate tends to be lower under polluted conditions than under clean conditions. Radar reflectivity of the top 1 % increases as the atmosphere becomes slightly polluted (PM10  83 μg/m3) compared to clean conditions (PM10
Preflight Calibration of the Chinese Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument(EMI)
Authors: Zhao MinJie , Si FuQi , Zhou HaiJin , Wang ShiMei , Jiang Yu , Liu WenQing
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Environmental trace gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) is a nadir-viewing wide-field imaging spectrometer, aiming to quantify the global distribution of tropospheric and stratospheric trace gases, which is planned to be launched in 2018. The selected wavelength bands for EMI are UV1(240–315 nm), UV2(311–403 nm), VIS1(401–550 nm) and VIS2(545–710 nm), the spectral resolution is 0.3–0.5 nm, and the swath is about 114 degrees wide to achieve one-day global coverage. The preflight calibration is discussed in this paper. Tunable laser and rotating platform are adopted for the EMI wavelength calibration of the whole field of view. The accuracy of the wavelength calibration is better than 0.05 nm. In addition, the calibration data in the Sun calibration mode shows that the same calibration results are obtained compared with the Earth observation mode. In order to investigate the influence of in-orbit thermal-vacuum conditions on the EMI, the thermal vacuum test is performed, and the EMI spectral response changes with pressure, optical bench temperature and CCD temperature are obtained. For the radiometric calibration of UV1, the diffuse plate with a 1000W xenon lamp is chosen, which produces sufficient ultraviolet output. And the integrating sphere system with tungsten halogen lamp is selected for the UV2, VIS1 and VIS2. The accuracy of the radiance calibration is 4.53 %(UV1), 4.52 %(UV2), 4.31 %(VIS1) and 4.30 %(VIS2). The goniometry correction factor and irradiance response coefficient of the EMI are also calibrated on the ground for the in-orbit calibration of the solar. As the effect of Signal to Noise ratio(SNR) on the retrieved results, a SNR model of the EMI is introduced, and the EMI in-orbit SNR is estimated using the SNR model and the MODTRAN radiance model.
A novel inter-comparison of nutrient analysis at sea: recommendations to enhance comparability of open ocean nutrient data
Authors: McGrath Triona , Cronin Margot , Kerrigan Elizabeth , Wallace Douglas , Gregory Clynton , Normandeau Claire , McGovern Evin
Published: April 2018

Abstract. An inter-comparison study has been carried out on the analysis of inorganic nutrients at sea following the operation of two nutrient analysers simultaneously on the GO-SHIP A02 trans-Atlantic survey in May 2017. Both instruments were Skalar San++ Continuous Flow Analysers, one from the Marine Institute, Ireland and the other from Dalhousie University, Canada, each operated by their own laboratory analysts following GO-SHIP guidelines, while adopting their existing laboratory methods. High quality control of the nutrient analysis was achieved on both instruments and there was high comparability between the two datasets. Vertical profiles of nutrients also compared well with those collected in 1997 along the same A02 transect by the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. The comparison of the two 2017 datasets and individual laboratory methods, did however raise some interesting questions on the comparison of nutrients analysed from different systems, in particular the calibration range of daily standards and its influence on low nutrient samples, and the importance of using certified reference materials of high and low concentrations to identify bias in the data. Based on the results from this inter-comparison, a number of recommendations have been suggested that we feel will enhance the existing GO-SHIP guidelines to improve the comparability of global nutrient datasets. The A02 nutrient dataset is currently available at the National Oceanographic Data Centre of Ireland; http://dx.doi.org/10.20393/CE49BC4C-91CC-41B9-A07F-D4E36B18B26F.
Assimilating solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence into the terrestrial biosphere model BETHY-SCOPE v1.0: model description and information content
Authors: Norton Alexander J. , Rayner Peter J. , Koffi Ernest N. , Scholze Marko
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The synthesis of model and observational information using data assimilation
can improve our understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle, a key
component of the Earth's climate–carbon system. Here we provide a data
assimilation framework for combining observations of solar-induced
chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and a process-based model to improve estimates
of terrestrial carbon uptake or gross primary production (GPP). We then
quantify and assess the constraint SIF provides on the uncertainty in global
GPP through model process parameters in an error propagation study. By
incorporating 1 year of SIF observations from the GOSAT satellite, we find
that the parametric uncertainty in global annual GPP is reduced by 73 %
from ±19.0 to ±5.2 Pg C yr−1. This improvement is
achieved through strong constraint of leaf growth processes and weak to
moderate constraint of physiological parameters. We also find that the
inclusion of uncertainty in shortwave down-radiation forcing has a net-zero
effect on uncertainty in GPP when incorporated into the SIF assimilation
framework. This study demonstrates the powerful capacity of SIF to reduce
uncertainties in process-based model estimates of GPP and the potential for
improving our predictive capability of this uncertain carbon flux.
Exploring the relationship between warm season precipitation, potential evaporation, and apparent potential evaporation at site scale
Authors: Chen Xi , Buchberger Steven G.
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Bouchet's complementary relationship and the Budyko hypothesis are two classic frameworks that are inter-connected. To systematically investigate the connections between the two frameworks, we analyze precipitation, pan evaporation and potential evaporation data at 259 weather stations across the United States. The precipitation and pan evaporation data are from field measurement and the potential evaporation data are computed from a remote-sensing dataset. We use pan evaporation to represent apparent potential evaporation, which is different from potential evaporation. With these data, we study the correlations between precipitation and potential evaporation, and between precipitation and apparent potential evaporation. The results show that 93 % the study weather stations exhibit a negative correlation between precipitation and apparent potential evaporation. Also, the aggregated data cloud of precipitation versus apparent potential evaporation with 5312 warm season data points from 259 weather stations shows a negative trend in which apparent potential evaporation decreases with increasing precipitation. On the other hand, no significant correlation is found in the data cloud of precipitation versus potential evaporation, indicating that precipitation and potential evaporation are independent. We combine a Budyko-type expression, the Turc-Pike equation, with the Bouchet's complementary relationship to derive upper and lower Bouchet-Budyko curves, which display a complementary relationship between apparent potential evaporation and actual evaporation. The observed warm season data follow the Bouchet-Budyko curves well. Our study shows the consistency between Budyko's framework and Bouchet's complementary relationship, with the distinction between potential evaporation and apparent potential evaporation. The formulated complementary relationship can be used in quantitative modeling practices.
Chemistry Professors' Perceptions of Undergraduate Learning
Authors: Chichekian Tanya , Hua Olivia (Liv) , Shore Bruce M.
Published: April 2018

This study investigated 27 chemistry professors’ perceptions of learning in undergraduate education and their suggestions for adopting an inquiry-based pedagogical approach to teaching and learning. Semistructured interviews revealed that two thirds of participants perceived undergraduate learning in traditional ways such as the acquisition of basic facts in a discipline. One fifth perceived undergraduate education as an active way of learning, specifically taking advantage of existing opportunities for students to engage in research experiences. Four professors described learning as a balance between the roles undertaken by students and instructors, namely students becoming more involved in the process of asking questions. Suggestions on how to bring teaching and research closer together in undergraduate education included (a) seeking research opportunities, (b) providing authentic learning environments, (c) capturing students’ curiosity, and (d) varying teaching methods. Although some statements did not provide a specific practical suggestion about how to achieve an inquiry-based pedagogical approach in higher education, a beginning of change was observed among chemistry professors' perceptions of students’ roles toward one of active learning.
Cette étude analyse les perceptions de 27 professeurs de chimie sur l’apprentissage dans l’enseignement au niveau du premier cycle ainsi que leurs suggestions pour adopter une approche pédagogique d’apprentissage fondé sur l’exploration. Des entrevues semistructurées ont révélé que les deux-tiers des participants percevaient l’apprentissage au niveau du premier cycle de manière traditionnelle, tel que l’acquisition de connaissances de base dans une discipline. Un cinquième d’entre eux percevaient l’enseignement au niveau du premier cycle comme une manière active d’apprendre, spécifiquement en profitant des opportunités existantes qui permettent aux étudiants de participer à des expériences de recherche. Quatre professeurs ont décrit l’apprentissage comme un équilibre entre les rôles joués par les étudiants et ceux joués par les instructeurs, c’est-à-dire les situations où les étudiants sont davantage impliqués dans le processus qui consiste à poser des questions. Des suggestions pour savoir comment rapprocher l’enseignement et la recherche dans l’enseignement au niveau du premier cycle comprennent : (a) rechercher des occasions de recherche, (b) fournir des environnements d’apprentissage authentique, (c) éveiller la curiosité des étudiants, et (d) varier les méthodes d’enseignement. Bien que certaines déclarations n’aient pas fourni de suggestions pratiques spécifiques sur la manière d’en arriver à une approche pédagogique d’apprentissage fondé sur l’exploration dans l’enseignement supérieur, un début de changement a été observé parmi les perceptions des professeurs de chimie sur les rôles des étudiants vers un apprentissage actif.
Between Knowing and Learning: New Instructors' Experiences in Active Learning Classrooms
Authors: Phillipson Andrea , Riel Annie , Leger Andy B
Published: April 2018

Over the past 20 years, interest in the impact of space on teaching and learning has grown, and higher education institutions have responded by creating Active Learning Classrooms (ALCs)—spaces designed to promote active, student-centred learning. While ALC research has explored teaching methods, student experience, and student learning, less is known about how teaching in these spaces affects instructors. We contribute to this discussion by investigating teachers’ educational development in these spaces. We asked new instructors to reflect on their ALC experiences, exploring their pre-course preparation and their perceptions about themselves, their students, and teaching and learning. Their reflections revealed key differences between knowing and learning: Although all participants knew about and were dedicated to student-centred pedagogy before teaching in the ALCs, teaching in these spaces prompted transformative learning through which they shifted both their behaviours and perceptions about student learning and about their own roles in the classroom.
Au cours des 20 dernières années, l’intérêt consacré à l’impact de l’espace sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage a augmenté et les établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont répondu en créant des classes d’apprentissage actif (CAA) – des espaces consacrés à la promotion de l’apprentissage actif centré sur l’étudiant. Alors que la recherche portant sur les CAA a exploré les méthodes d’enseignement, l’expérience des étudiants et l’apprentissage des étudiants, on s’est moins intéressé à la question de savoir comment le fait d’enseigner dans ces espaces affectait les instructeurs. Nous contribuons à cette discussion en examinant le développement éducationnel des enseignants dans ces espaces. Nous avons demandé à de nouveaux instructeurs de réfléchir à leurs expériences en CAA, d’explorer leurs préparations avant les cours et leurs perceptions sur eux-mêmes, sur leurs étudiants et sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage. Leurs réflexions ont révélé des différences majeures entre savoir et apprendre : bien que tous les participants aient été au courant, avant d’enseigner dans une classe d’apprentissage actif, de la pédagogie centrée sur l’apprenant et y aient été dévoués, l’enseignement dans ces espaces a engendré un apprentissage transformateur qui a abouti à un changement à la fois dans leurs comportements et dans leurs perceptions sur l’apprentissage des étudiants ainsi que sur leurs propres rôles dans la salle de classe.
Self-Regulation and “Time Off”: Evaluations and Reflections on the Development of a Blended Course
Authors: Spadafora Natalie , Marini Zopito
Published: April 2018

Changes in both the landscape of education and digital technology are giving rise to interesting, innovative, and potentially effective pedagogical possibilities. As educators of the 21st century, we are witnessing continuous changes in the way we teach as well as the way students learn. This study is a part of an ongoing research program aimed at evaluating the pedagogical effectiveness of blended teaching. More specifically, this paper aims to describe some of our reflections as we developed, delivered, and carried out an evaluation of a university course taught using a blended format. Undergraduate students (n=109) in a fourth-year capstone course participated in this study. We report on the students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the delivery method of the course, while focusing on the struggles they encountered, including difficulties keeping up with the course content, particularly on the weeks where the lecture was online, as well as a struggle to stay organized and connected with their peers and their assignments. Self-regulation turned out to be a major determinant of success in this type of course. We conclude with suggestions to improve students’ social and academic experiences as they navigate learning in a digital world.
Les changements survenus à la fois dans le paysage de l’éducation et dans la technologie numérique donnent naissance à des possibilités pédagogiques intéressantes, innovatrices et potentiellement efficaces. En tant qu’éducateurs du XXIe siècle, nous assistons à des changements continus dans la manière dont nous enseignons ainsi que dans la manière dont les étudiants apprennent. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche en cours qui a pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité pédagogique de l’enseignement hybride. Plus spécifiquement, cet article vise à décrire certaines de nos réflexions au fur et à mesure que nous élaborons, livrons et exécutons l’évaluation d’un cours universitaire enseigné selon un format hybride. Des étudiants de premier cycle (n=109) inscrits dans un tout dernier cours de quatrième année ont participé à cette étude. Nous présentons un rapport sur la manière dont les étudiants ont perçu l’efficacité de la méthode employée pour enseigner ce cours, tout en mettant l’accent sur les problèmes qu’ils ont rencontrés, y compris les difficultés à faire face au contenu du cours, en particulier durant les semaines où les cours magistraux étaient présentés en ligne, ainsi que sur leurs difficultés à rester organisés et connectés avec leurs camarades de classe et avec leurs devoirs. Il s’avère que l’autorégulation est un élément important pour la réussite de ce type de cours. Pour conclure, nous présentons des suggestions pour améliorer l’expérience sociale et académique des étudiants dans leur parcours de l’apprentissage au sein d’un monde numérique.
The Impact of Tourists in Ecotourism Sites
Authors: Alsarayreh Mohammad Nayef
Published: April 2018

Ecotourism and environmental balance is a new phenomenon aimed to research, study and meditate in nature, flora and fauna and the provision of human comfort. Ecotourism is the only way to maximize the economic, environmental and social benefits of tourism.The main problem is represented in the difficulty of balancing the preservation of eco-tourism sites with the process of attracting tourists to eco-tourism sites.A number of hypotheses have been developed, the most important of which are: There is no statistically significant negative impact of tourist on tourist sites.The study concluded a number of results and the most important of these results is that the tourist has a negative impact on eco-tourism sites, represented by tourist's cutting trees, and dumping waste and dirt in streets which is an uncivilized act and harmful to the environment.The study has also shown that tourists influence the eco-tourism sites since eco-tourism requires an environmental awareness, and the tourist should be aware that the protection of touristic sites is mandatory for everyone. The tourist's awareness has a great role in preserving the environment, so the educated tourist is necessary to preserve the eco-tourism sites.The study has a set of recommendations, the most important of these recommendations:To increase the awareness of tourists about the importance of the environment and maintaining it by using leaflets that explain the importance of the environment for tourism,To intensify the penalties and legal procedures against the attacks on eco-tourism sites, and to modify laws and regulations in order to promote touristic services.
Evaluation of Teaching Practicum at the College of Educational Sciences from the Viewpoints of Student Teachers at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU)
Authors: Aboomar Rima , AlJazi Sami , Alhasanat Hassan
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the teaching practicum at the college of educational science at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University (AHU) from student teachers’ viewpoints. Descriptive survey research design was followed, in which 35 student teachers completed a questionnaire. The participants were student teachers who were enrolled in the practicum in the first semester of the 2016/2017 academic year. All the students were majoring in class teacher education. The questionnaire instrument consisted of 40 items that were grouped in four scales that include the roles of practicum supervisor, the roles of cooperating teacher, the roles of cooperating principal, and professional competencies. The results showed that the participants were satisfied with the practicum course. The results showed that the means of the participants’ responses to the questionnaire’s four scales, in descending order, were as the following: professional competencies (M = 4.56, SD=0.43), the roles of practicum supervisor (M = 4.55, SD=.67), the roles of cooperating principal (M = 4.36, SD=.56), and the roles of cooperating teacher (M = 4.28, SD=.62). Based on the findings, it was recommended that the practicum supervisors should provide the practicum students and cooperating teachers and principals with practicum guidebook that shows the responsibilities of each party in the teaching practicum. In addition, cooperating teachers and principals should make sure that the students know about the cooperating school’s system and regulations. Furthermore, the cooperating principal should be aware of the needs of practicum students through holding weekly meeting with them to identify the problems that might face these students during their practicum and to find the appropriate solutions to these problems.
Necesidad de cambios en El Salvador
Authors: Editor El
Published: April 2018

No absttract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 80, 2001: 121-124
QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE SABIÁ IRRIGADAS COM EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO
Authors: Lacerda Rebouças Jonatas Rafael , Neto Miguel Ferreira , Dias Nildo Da Silva , Silva Gomes Jonath Werissimo , De Sousa Gurgel Gabriela Cemirames , Rafael de Queiroz Italo Sorac
Published: April 2018

O homem tem buscado reutilizar efluentes em diversos setores, principalmente na agricultura, pois é a atividade humana de maior consumo do bem. Além disso, os efluentes apresentam características desejáveis para o solo e plantas. Objetivou-se avaliar neste estudo os efeitos da aplicação de efluente doméstico no crescimento de mudas de sabiá (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth.). Foi conduzido um experimento na Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA) em delineamento em blocos ao acaso no esquema de parcelas subdividas (5 x 2), com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos principais foram formados por cinco níveis (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) de água residuária, e na subparcela ficaram dois tipos de substrato (com e sem composto orgânico). Para avaliar os efeitos do uso da água residuária, avaliou-se a qualidade das mudas pelo índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD) ao fim do ensaio. A produção de mudas de sabiá com a adição de 100% de efluente doméstico tratado proporciona aumento no crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas.
CARGA DE TRABALHO FÍSICO E POSTURA NA COLETA DE PINHÃO NA REGIÃO SERRANA DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: De Britto Pedro Caldas , Lopes Eduardo Da Silva , De Oliveira Felipe Martins , Rodrigues Carla Krulikowski , Neto João Fert , De Souza Maurício Cesar
Published: April 2018

A coleta do pinhão ou sementes de Araucaria angustifolia, representa uma importante fonte de renda para as famílias de propriedades rurais no Sul do Brasil. A derrubada de pinhas é uma técnica empregada posteriormente ao período de defeso do pinhão conforme determinado pela Normativa DC/Ibama n.20/76. Na derrubada, emprega-se a escalada de árvores pelos trabalhadores rurais, com auxílio de equipamentos. Neste contexto, objetivou-se analisar a carga de trabalho físico e as posturas adotadas pelos trabalhadores na coleta do pinhão, visando obter melhoria nas condições de trabalho, conforto, saúde e segurança. O estudo foi realizado em propriedades rurais da região Serrana de Santa Catarina, Brasil. A carga de trabalho físico foi obtida por meio do levantamento da frequência cardíaca dos trabalhadores durante a execução do trabalho, por meio de um monitor Polar Ou, e o trabalho foi classificado segundo metodologia proposta por Apud (1989). A avaliação das posturas foi feita por meio de filmagens dos trabalhadores e os dados foram submetidos para análise no software “WinOwas” de análises de posturas. Os resultados mostraram que a subida e descida das árvores foram as fases do trabalho de maior exigência física e causadora de maior apreensão nos trabalhadores, devido ao elevado risco de acidentes, sendo o trabalho classificado como de exigência física moderadamente pesada. Já as posturas se mostraram inadequadas nas fases de derrubada e catação das pinhas, sendo recomendada a adoção de medidas ergonômicas para a melhoria das condições de trabalho.
RELAÇÃO FAUNA DO SOLO-PAISAGEM EM PLANTIO DE EUCALIPTO EM TOPOSSEQUÊNCIA
Authors: Corrêa Neto Thais De Andrade , Camara Rodrigo , Anjos Lúcia Helena Cunha dos , Camara Rodrigo , Correia Maria Elizabeth Fernandes , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Jaccoud Carlos Fellipe Siqueira
Published: April 2018

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do relevo sobre os artrópodes edáficos em um plantio de Eucalyptus urophylla. Coletou-se a camada de serapilheira e solo (0 – 5 cm) circunscritos a um gabarito metálico (25 x 25 cm) lançado aleatoriamente (N = 10) em três seções topográficas (TS, TM e TI: terços superior, médio e inferior, respectivamente) nas estações chuvosa e seca de 2003. Formicidae foi o grupo taxonômico predominante, independentemente da seção topográfica. A análise de componentes principais individualizou as seções topográficas entre si e demonstrou a correlação de um maior número de grupos taxonômicos com TS. A análise de agrupamento hierárquico indicou a elevada similaridade entre TI e TM, que se apresentaram como dissimilares em relação a TS. As diferenças entre as seções topográficas provavelmente foram influenciadas pela maior umidade gravimétrica e fertilidade do solo em TS.
COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE NASCENTES NO CENTRO-LESTE DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO ITAPICURU, SEMIÁRIDO DA BAHIA
Authors: Jesus Janisson Batista de , Oliveira Lucas Souza , Gama Dráuzio Correia
Published: April 2018

Os mananciais são fundamentais para a hidrologia das bacias hidrográficas. Seu monitoramento e conservação são importantes, principalmente no semiárido, onde a oferta de água é escassa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear as nascentes existentes na região semiárida da Bahia, porção centro-leste da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapicuru, e caracterizar seu estado de conservação e as espécies de ocorrência em sua área de preservação permanente. O trabalho foi realizado através de idas a campo nos municípios de Cipó, Nova Soure e Tucano. Foram georreferenciadas todas as nascentes localizadas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapicuru, e foram identificados e contabilizados todos os indivíduos e espécies existentes num raio de 50 m. Também, foram registradas as formas de uso do solo e avaliado o seu estado de degradação em preservada, perturbada ou degradada. Todas as 14 nascentes localizadas eram pontuais, sendo a pastagem a principal forma de uso. Não existiam nascentes preservadas. A espécie mais observada foi Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira/nativa), seguida de Mangifera indica (mangueira/exótica). O estudo identificou alto grau de degradação das nascentes, atestando a falta ou inadequado manejo dos recursos hídricos e alertando à necessidade de intervenção de práticas de manejo na bacia hidrográfica.
VARIAÇÃO INTRAESPECÍFICA NA ANATOMIA DO LENHO DE Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. RELACIONADA À EXTRAÇÃO DE LÁTEX
Authors: Ramos Leticia Maria Alves , Latorraca João Vicente De Figueiredo , Lima Helena Regina Pinto , Dos Santos Glaycianne Christine Vieira
Published: April 2018

Neste trabalho, foi estudada a influência da exploração do látex na anatomia do lenho de seringueiras nativas. Avaliou-se a hipótese de que as características anatômicas são afetadas pela atividade de extração do látex. Para isso, foram coletadas, de forma não-destrutiva, amostras em árvores nativas exploradas e não exploradas. As coletas foram feitas na Reserva Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard (AC). A estrutura anatômica do lenho foi analisada, sendo avaliados: o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios; e a proporção de tecidos. Árvores exploradas e não-exploradas diferiram na estrutura anatômica em relação às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa, diâmetro do lume das fibras, frequência de raios e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados mais contundentes consistiram em aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. As diferenças observadas entre os grupos avaliados podem ser atribuídas à demanda de carboidratos que a regeneração do fluxo de látex ocasiona nesses indivíduos. Recomendam-se maiores estudos acerca do consumo de carboidratos não-estruturais, relacionados diretamente às mudanças na estrutura do xilema de seringueira.
Intangible Heritage as a Festival; or, Folklorization Revisited
Authors: Hafstein Valdimar Tr.
Published: April 2018

Looking at examples of cultural practices listed by UNESCO as intangible heritage, this article appropriates the term “folklorization” from authenticity discourses and argues that the current heritagization of social practices is an aspect of the infusion of folkloristic/ethnological knowledge, perspectives, and concepts into the public sphere as part of modernity’s reflexivity. Aptly named “folklorization,” this infusion marks the success of the field in what has always been its ultimate objective: to change the way people look at their own culture, the way they define it, and the way they practice it.
On Sport, Public History, and Public Sport History
Authors: Howard Josh
Published: April 2018

This essay explores the relationship between public history and sport history within the United States and outlines a historiography of public sport history. Public history is the presence, usage, and effects of the past in our everyday lived realities, while public sport history is the intersection of these ideas with sport. In the United States, most public sport history is visible through sport museums, halls of fame, and nostalgic celebrations. To this point, sport museums and halls of fame have received significant attention fom academics, but surprisingly little literature exists on other forms of public sport history. This essay concludes with suggestions for promising avenues of future research to this field.
Sport History and Sport Management in the United States: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: de Wilde Ari , Seifried Chad
Published: April 2018

This article examines the faculty job market in the humanities broadly, and sport history specifically, to assess the past, current, and future of sport history as an academic field. We suggest one way to expand the sport history job market and popular appeal of academic sport history is for scholars to embrace research questions and topics related to sport management and business history and the activities of sport entrepreneurs and commercial organizations. The authors explore the multidisciplinary field of business history as a comparison to the field of sport history; highlight evidence of job opportunities for sport historians in sport management; and assess the current vocational outlook for sport historians in the context of the United States.
The Effect of Accounting Reservation in the Fairness of the Financial Statements in the Private Hospitals in Jordan
Authors: Mustafa Harb Ayman Saleh
Published: April 2018

This study aims at recognizing the effect of the accounting reservation in the fairness of the financial statements in the Private Hospitals in Jordan through determining the effect of the reservation in the accuracy of the financial statements in the private hospitals in Jordan.For achieving these aims, the researcher designed a survey consisting of (24) paragraphs that were distributed upon the society of the study consisting of the private hospitals in Jordan and the number of these private hospitals is (24) in Amman, Zarqa and Irbid in the end of 2015.This result indicates to the effect of the accounting reservation in the reliability of the financial statements in the private hospitals in Jordan.
Does “Higher Wall” Hinder Immigration?
Authors: Fujita Yasunori
Published: April 2018

In the present paper, we examine if “higher wall” really hinders immigration i.e., if tightening of border enforcement reduces immigration. The framework we construct is a stochastic one where an individual intends immigration under uncertainty that is expressed by geometric Brownian motion. It is revealed that “higher wall”, contrary to the intention of regulatory authorities, does not hinder immigration.
Health Behaviour among Parents
of Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Jurkiewicz Beata , Norek Joanna
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The period of puberty is especially
important in the shaping of behaviours with respect
to adequate diet and physical activity. Habits established
during this period are repeated later in life.

Aim of the study: The purpose of the thesis was to
determine the extent of influence of parents’ health
behaviour on the physical activity of children with
an excess body mass problem.

Material and methods: The research was conducted
in the period from November 2015 to March
2016 at the University Children’s Hospital of Cracow
among 88 parents whose children suffer from
overweight and obesity. For this purpose, the research
used the diagnostic survey method and the
measurement method (body mass and height). The
research tools included the Health Behaviour Inventory
(HBI) by Juczyński, an authorial survey
questionnaire, an anthropometer and the Tanita BF350
scales. Basic descriptive statistics were used to
describe the results, the differences between variables
were verified using the χ2 test of independence.
The materiality level was assumed to be p<0.05.

Results: As many as 32 parents of children with excess
body mass (36.36%) were overweight as well,
while 28 (31.82%) kept their body mass within the
norm. A large proportion of the respondents, 33
parents (37.50%), stated that it was not customary
to do sports in their family, and less then a half of
the children (n=36; 40.91%) regularly participated
in physical education classes. Children of the parents
whose BMI was normal participated in physical
education classes significantly more often than
children of the other parents (p<0.001). The average
number of points obtained by the respondents
in the HBI questionnaire equals 70.81 (SD=22.41
pp). Parents rated their health behaviour the highest
on the “positive psychical attitude” subscale (avg.
18.01; SD=5.77 pp), and the lowest on the “health
practices” subscale, which includes e.g. physical
activity (avg. 17.24; SD=6.21 pp).

Conclusions: Health promoting activities shaping
health behaviours should be performed by schools,
with an active participation of parents. It is necessary
to carry out educational programmes in
the area of adequate nutrition and physical activity,
which would expand knowledge of the problem.
Knowledge of Young Men about Testicular Cancer
Authors: Mika Maria , Miś Nataliata , Kołpa Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Testicular cancer is a cancer of male
reproduction system, with a morbidity rate of 1,5%.
Testicular cancer is common among young men.

Aim of the paper: Aim of the paper was to present
the young men’s knowledge about testicular cancer.

Material and methods: The results were taken by
the author’s questionnaire and by MHLC through
the diagnostic survey. 200 men, aged 18 – 35, took
part in the survey.

Results: Results indicate that only few men declared
that they know a) how to self-examin themselves
in terms of the testicular cancer; b) the age of
the most common testicular cancer’s occurrence.

Conclusions: The level of knowledge among
young men is disappointing, irrespectively of age,
education, and social status.
The Evaluation of Occupational Needs
in Psychiatric Patients – Pilot Study
Authors: Żmudzińska Urszula , Bac Aneta , Szulc Justyna
Published: April 2018

Introduction: Contemporary European understanding
of occupational therapy is based on an individual
approach to the person, so it is more apt
in defining the purpose of therapeutic intervention.
Due to the fact that each person has different occupational
problems, it is important to identify them
well by conducting interviews, establishing relationships,
allowing the person to present their point
of view, and to use appropriately tailored therapeutic
tools and techniques to achieve the designated
goal. The purpose of this paper was to present intervention
areas for occupational therapy in people
with schizophrenia and to show differences in therapeutic
needs of people of the same sex, age and
medical condition.

Materials and methods: The study group consisted
of 5 women aged 50-55 years, suffering from
schizophrenia and living in the Social Welfare
Home. The study was conducted using two questionnaires:
EQ-5 and NHP, which illustrated the
quality of life of participants in the study. In addition,
each person has participated in therapeutic
interview, thanks to which occupational problems
were identified.

Results: Each of the women examined represented
a variety of occupational needs, directly related to
their needs and problems, which were most relevant
to them at the time of the study. The presented
occupational needs referred to several life spheres
that has often coincided with their current state of
health or well-being.

Conclusions: Despite similar age, gender, medical
conditions and place of residence, each examined
person showed different occupational needs. The
therapeutic interview turned out to be the basis for
identifying occupational needs.
Pattern ethical communication
in the therapeutic team
Authors: Barnaś Edyta
Published: April 2018

The time of dynamic development of the narrow medical specialties along with the
progressive spread of technology in medicine, on the one hand contribute to the
improvement of health care, on the other hand are often the reason for the rise in
patients feel isolation as a result of fragmentary treatment of their problems. The
counterweight to this state of affairs is to create a multidisciplinary therapeutic teams
whose primary objective is to restore the welfare of bio-psycho-social and spiritual
patient. An elementary part of the operation of the team is the process of communication
at various levels. The aim of the article is to present the principles of proper
communication with the patient, the whole ends in a proposition ethical standard
of communication in the therapeutic team. This proposed model is by no means
a ready-to-use algorithm showing what one should do and how he/she should act for
it could become a routine. The author intended to present a general construct/ standard
of communication, which may be “applied” for a “living” reality of dialogue in
every situation.
Food Preferences of Tarnów Primary
School Children in the Context
of the Occurrence of Obesity
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Grochowska Aneta , Brończyk Wojciech
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The problem of obesity concerns not only adults but also children and
teenagers. It is one of the most frequent developmental disorders among children.
Around 20% of children have excessive body mass, and one-third of this group are
obese children. The aim of the study was the assessment of the occurrence of obesity
among 5th-6th graders of primary school and check children’s knowledge about
proper nutrition principles.
Material and methods: The method of diagnostic survey was used a questionnaire
addressed to children. The questions concerned the child’s diet and checked the
knowledge about healthy diet. In the course of the research anthropometric measurements
were taken, the Body Mass Index (BMI), as well as Cole index were calculated.
The survey was conducted from 1 September to 30 October 2014, among 400
children attending the 5th and 6th grade, in 8 primary schools in Tarnów.
Results: As a result of the analysis it was found out that boys in comparison with
girls statistically significantly more frequently ate vegetables once a week (p<0.001).
Children’s diet influences their physical development, including body mass. The biggest
observed body mass was 93 cm, and the smallest was 23.7 kg. The maximum
difference between the body mass of individual children was 69.3 kg. The biggest
value of BMI was 39.21, whereas the lowest BMI was 13.06.
Conclusions: The level of knowledge about healthy lifestyle among the surveyed children is not sufficient to keep the proper body mass. The respondents most often
snack sweets, cakes, crisps and sweet fizzy drinks between meals. The mentioned
product should be replaced by vegetables, fruit and natural juices.
A nurse as a reliable educator?
Analysis of selected health
behaviors of nurses
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Jurkiewicz Beata , Nono Jolanta
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The nurse, in addition to nurture the patient should shape his awareness
of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the research was to analyze the health behaviors
of nurses.
Material and methods: The research participants included 100 nurses working in
hospital wards. The researcher used his own questionnaire containing questions
about selected lifestyle elements. The research included also the measurement of
body weight and height, and the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The
results were described with the use of the basic descriptive statistics, the chi2 test,
Mann-Whitney U test, and the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The differences
were deemed significant when p<0,05.
Results: Only 5.0% of nurses devoted at least 150 minutes per week to aerobic activity.
More than half of the respondents (58.0%) said that on weekdays they did not perform
any strength exercises for major muscle groups. According to the nurses, lack
of time (65.0%) was the greatest impediment to their physical activity. A significant
percentage of the respondents (40.0%) did not pay any attention to the calorific or nutritional
value of their meals. As many as 30.0% of the surveyed nurses indicated that
they ate irregularly, and 22.0% of them ate only 1-3 meals during the day. Excessive
body weight was observed in almost half of the participants. For the majority of the
nurses, their professional work was the main source of stress (46.0%).
Conclusions: Despite their knowledge on healthy lifestyle, it seems that nurses do
not fully implement its objectives. Therefore, the majority of them are not good role
models for patients.
Toxicological risks in infants and children
Authors: Krzystyniak Krzysztof L. , Marszałek Andrzej , Obiedziński Mieczysław
Published: April 2018

Children’s environmental health (environmental pediatrics), based on toxicological,
epidemiological and occupational medicine research, has become increasingly visible
in the past three decades. Early-life exposure to chemical, nutritional and psychosocial
hazards can produce disease and disability in childhood and across the life
span. Prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children, autistic spectrum disorders
(ASD), reproductive system disorders, allergy and other chronic diseases in children
increased dramatically in several recent decades. Their etiology and epidemiology in
populations of Western Countries remain unsolved. Many scientists agree that the
interactions of environmental factors with gene susceptibilities have been relatively
overlooked in these diseases.
Inversion of speech by non-linear
transformation of temporary
Authors: Wielgat Robert , Lorenc Anita
Published: April 2018

Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA) is a precise method for speech articulators
assessment which is carried out by sensors placed mainly on the tongue. Various
methods are being developed in order to avoid the assessment by EMA sensors. One
of them is speech inversion. Here preliminary research on speech inversion based on
dynamic time warping (DTW) method has been described. Mel-frequency cepstral
coefficients (MFCC) method has been chosen as the acoustic speech signal parametrization
method. Root mean square errors (RMSE) of the evaluation have been
presented and discussed.
Characteristics of selected therapeutic
methods used in the aquatic environment
Authors: Wódka Katarzyna , Bibro Marta , Łaczek-Wójtowicz Małgorzata
Published: April 2018

The aquatic environment, thanks to its unique physical properties, has wide application
in comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with a variety of disabilities. Exercise
in the aquatic environment use the specific properties of water, such as the ability
to maintain the surface of the water, buoyancy, viscosity of water, the hydrostatic
pressure of the water, and others. The main feature of the therapist working in water
is posture allows the patient gain confidence and giving it an aura of relaxation and
security. Water treatment methods include: method of Ai Chi, Halliwick, Bad Ragaz
Ring Method, Watsu. The main objective of this paper is to present the special methods
used in the aquatic environment.
Water, due to its characteristics is applicable both in the diagnosis, prevention and
treatment of many diseases. The benefits of exercise in this specific environment,
make the availability of certified therapists, as well as various types of „water therapy”
cause that they enjoy increasing popularity.