bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Identification of a Novel Pathogenic Variant of the GLA Gene Associated with a Classic Phenotype of Anderson–Fabry Disease: A Clinical and Molecular Study
Authors: Giacalone Irene , Ruzzi Luigina , Anania Monia , Cuonzo Mariateresa , Marsana Emanuela Maria , Mastrippolito Silvia , Francofonte Daniele , Bucco Silvia , D’Errico Annalisa , Longo Maria Olimpia , Zizzo Carmela , Iarlori Luigia , Duro Giovanni , Colomba Paolo
Published: January 2025

Anderson–Fabry (or Fabry) disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a functional deficiency of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The partial or total defect of this lysosomal enzyme, which is caused by variants in the GLA gene, leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide in the lysosomes of different cell types. The clinical presentation of Fabry disease is multisystemic and can vary depending on the specific genetic variants associated with the disease. To date, more than 1000 different variants have been identified in the human GLA gene, including missense and nonsense variants, as well as small and large insertions or deletions. The identification of novel variants in individuals exhibiting symptoms indicative of Fabry disease, expands the molecular comprehension of the GLA gene, providing invaluable insights to physicians in the diagnosis of the disease. In this article, we present the case of two members of the same family, mother and son, in whom a new pathogenic variant was identified. This variant has not been previously described in the literature and is not present in databases. The two family members presented with a number of typical clinical manifestations of the disease, including cornea verticillata, neuropathic pain, left ventricular hypertrophy, angiokeratomas and abdominal pain. The son, but not his mother, showed reduced alpha-galactosidase A activity, while high levels of Lyso-Gb3 in the blood, a specific substrate accumulation biomarker, were found in both. Sequencing of the GLA gene revealed the presence of a variant, c.484delT, which is characterised by the deletion of a single nucleotide, a thymine, in exon 3 of the gene. This results in a frameshift variant, which introduces a premature stop codon, thereby generating a truncated and consequently non-functional protein. Therefore, the clinical and laboratory data indicate that the novel p.W162Gfs*3 variant described herein is associated with the classical form of Fabry disease.
Methyl Jasmonate Was Involved in Hydrogen Sulfide-Alleviated Cadmium Stress in Cucumber Plants Through ROS Homeostasis and Chlorophyll Metabolism
Authors: Niu Lijuan , Zhao Haixia , Tang Yunlai , Zhu Bo , Zhao Yanshuo , Wang Qian , Yu Jian
Published: January 2025

Cadmium (Cd), as one of the most toxic nonessential elements, severely prohibits plant growth and development. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) play essential roles in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the potential mechanism of H2S and MeJA in alleviating Cd stress in plants remains unclear. In the current study, the importance and crosstalk of H2S and MeJA in the Cd tolerance of cucumber seedlings have been investigated. Our results revealed that Cd stress obviously prohibited the growth of cucumber seedlings. Optimal concentrations of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) or MeJA treatment, respectively, or in combination, significantly enhanced seedling growth under Cd stress. However, the positive effects of H2S during seedling growth were obviously reversed by the application of MeJA biosynthesis inhibitors, which implied that MeJA might be involved in the H2S-improved growth of cucumber seedlings under Cd stress. Moreover, Cd stress resulted in the increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O2·−) accumulation, and impaired the functioning of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Both H2S and MeJA decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and ameliorated the negative effects of Cd stress through significantly increasing the ratio of ascorbate (AsA)/dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Besides that, the expression level of ROS scavenge genes was significantly upregulated by the application of exogenous H2S or MeJA treatment. Moreover, H2S and MeJA significantly enhanced the chlorophyll concentration and inhibited chlorophyll degradation through decreasing the expression levels of chlorophyll catabolic enzymes. Additionally, exogenous H2S and MeJA obviously enhanced the chlorophyll fluorescence. However, MeJA biosynthesis inhibitors significantly suppressed the positive role of H2S. The above results suggested MeJA is involved in H2S-induced Cd stress alleviation in cucumber seedlings through enhancing ROS-scavenge capacity and improving the photosynthesis system.
Adhesion Mechanism, Applications, and Challenges of Ocular Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Hu Zuquan , He Xinyuan , Teng Lijing , Zeng Xiangyu , Zhu Simian , Dong Yu , Zeng Zhu , Zheng Qiang , Sun Xiaomin
Published: January 2025

Corneal injury is prevalent in ophthalmology, with mild cases impacting vision and severe cases potentially resulting in permanent blindness. In clinical practice, standard treatments for corneal injury involve transplantation surgery combined with pharmacological therapy. However, surgical sutures exhibit several limitations, which can be overcome using tissue adhesives. With recent advances in biomedical materials, the use of ophthalmic tissue adhesives has expanded beyond wound closure, including tissue filling and drug delivery. Furthermore, the use of tissue adhesives has demonstrated promising outcomes in drug delivery, ophthalmic disease diagnosis, and biological scaffolds. This study briefly introduces common adhesion mechanisms and their applications in ophthalmology, aiming to increase interest in tissue adhesives and clinical ophthalmic treatment.
Promoted Formation of Photoactive α-Formamidinium Cesium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Crystals by Germanium Addition
Authors: Enomoto Ayu , Suzuki Atsushi , Oku Takeo , Shimada Haruto
Published: January 2025

Germanium (Ge) was added to formamidinium cesium lead triiodide perovskite crystals and the microstructures and photovoltaic properties were investigated. The Ge addition stabilized the α-phase of the perovskites and suppressed formation of the δ-phase. X-ray diffraction peaks of the α-phase increased by increasing the Ge contents. The highest conversion efficiency of 6.05% was obtained for the 12.5% Ge added device in an air atmosphere and the increase of efficiencies would be due to the promoted formation of photoactive α-formamidinium cesium lead triiodide perovskite crystals.
Complex Left Main Trifurcation: A Case Study of Successful Treatment
Authors: Rus Marius , Nichita-Brendea Mihnea-Traian , Popescu Mircea-Ioachim , Pașca Georgeta , Staniș Claudia Elena , Crișan Simina
Published: January 2025

Objectives: True trifurcation disease of the left main coronary artery is a rare situation encountered in clinical practice. To date, there is no evidence for a standardized strategy of percutaneous coronary intervention in this type of lesion. Methods: This article describes a novel three-stent strategy using a combination of Triple-Kissing Balloon Crush in both of the side branches. This technique is based on a well-established bifurcation stenting technique, namely, the Double-Kissing Crush technique. Results: This strategy was implemented successfully, demonstrating technical feasibility and optimal stent apposition in the trifurcation lesion, ensuring the preservation of all three branches. Conclusions: Although more data and clinical trials are needed to develop proper evidence-based guidelines, three-stent implantation with Double-Trissing Crush should be taken into consideration as a viable strategy for LM trifurcation lesions in the proper set of patients.
Prevalence and Individualized Risk Factors of E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis Infections Among People Living with HIV (PLHIV) with Diarrhea in Ecuador: Insights from a Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pazmiño-Gómez Betty J. , Rodas-Pazmiño Jennifer , Guevara-Viejó Fabricio , Rodas-Pazmiño Karen , Coello-Peralta Roberto , Rodas-Neira Edgar , Faytong-Haro Marco , Cagua-Montaño Luis
Published: January 2025

Background: Microsporidia, particularly E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis, are emerging opportunistic pathogens that pose significant health risks to immunocompromised individuals, especially people living with HIV (PLHIV). Despite the global recognition of microsporidia’s impact, there has been limited research on their prevalence and associated risk factors in Ecuador. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with microsporidia infections among PLHIV with diarrhea in Ecuador. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the José Daniel Rodríguez Infectious Hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador, between April 2021 and May 2022. A total of 85 PLHIV with diarrhea were included in the analysis. Fecal samples were tested for microsporidia using fast-hot Gram chromotrope staining, immunofluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors and microsporidia infection. Results: The prevalence of microsporidia infections among the study population was 18.8%. Logistic regression analysis identified significant associations with age ≥ 60 years (OR = 19.169, p = 0.036), female sex (OR = 10.491, p = 0.028), and non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (OR = 8.466, p = 0.077). Marginally significant associations were observed for substance use (OR = 0.262, p = 0.094) and high/very high HIV viral load (≥10,000 copies/mL, OR = 0.457, p = 0.094). CD4 count and marital status showed descriptive trends but were not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study highlights the burden of microsporidia infections among PLHIV in Ecuador and underscores the need for targeted public health interventions. Strategies should prioritize older individuals, females, and those with poor ART adherence to reduce infection risk. Future research is needed to explore additional risk factors and refine precision medicine approaches for this population.
Evaluating Minimum Support Pressure for Tunnel Face Stability: Analytical, Numerical, and Empirical Approaches
Authors: Gholipour Majid , Narimani Samad , Davarpanah Seyed Morteza , Vásárhelyi Balázs
Published: January 2025

Tunneling in loose soil and urban areas presents numerous challenges. One effective solution is the use of Earth Pressure Balance Shields (EPBSs). Maintaining the correct balance of pressure at the tunnel face is critical, as applying too little pressure can cause a collapse, while excessive pressure may result in a blow-out. Therefore, a key aspect of using EPBSs in urban environments is determining the optimal pressure required to stabilize the tunnel face, taking into account the existing soil in the excavation chamber and controlling the screw conveyor’s rotation rate. This study focuses on a section of the second line of the Tabriz subway to evaluate the minimum pressure needed for tunnel face stability using empirical, analytical, and numerical approaches. The analytical methods involve evaluating the limit equilibrium of forces and considering soil buckling due to overburden, while the numerical methods employ 3D finite element analysis. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the required pressure was conducted and compared across the three approaches. The results revealed that the formation of a pressure arch mitigates the full impact of overburden pressure on the tunnel face. For soil cohesion values below 20 kPa, the numerical results aligned well with the empirical and analytical findings. For a tunnel depth of 22.5 m and a water table 2 m below the surface, the estimated minimum pressure ranged from 150 to 180 kPa. Moreover, the analytical methods were deemed more suitable for determining the required support pressure at the tunnel face. These methods considered wedge and semi-circular mechanisms as the most probable failure modes. Also, for cohesive ground, the pressure from the finite element analysis was found to be almost always equal to or greater than the values obtained with the analytical solutions.
Vision-Based Underwater Docking Guidance and Positioning: Enhancing Detection with YOLO-D
Authors: Ni Tian , Sima Can , Zhang Wenzhong , Wang Junlin , Guo Jia , Zhang Lindan
Published: January 2025

This study proposed a vision-based underwater vertical docking guidance and positioning method to address docking control challenges for human-operated vehicles (HOVs) and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) under complex underwater visual conditions. A cascaded detection and positioning strategy incorporating fused active and passive markers enabled real-time detection of the relative position and pose between the UUV and docking station (DS). A novel deep learning-based network model, YOLO-D, was developed to detect docking markers in real time. YOLO-D employed the Adaptive Kernel Convolution Module (AKConv) to dynamically adjust the sample shapes and sizes and optimize the target feature detection across various scales and regions. It integrated the Context Aggregation Network (CONTAINER) to enhance small-target detection and overall image accuracy, while the bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) facilitated effective cross-scale feature fusion, improving detection precision for multi-scale and fuzzy targets. In addition, an underwater docking positioning algorithm leveraging multiple markers was implemented. Tests on an underwater docking markers dataset demonstrated that YOLO-D achieved a detection accuracy of mAP@0.5 to 94.5%, surpassing the baseline YOLOv11n with improvements of 1.5% in precision, 5% in recall, and 4.2% in mAP@0.5. Pool experiments verified the feasibility of the method, achieving a 90% success rate for single-attempt docking and recovery. The proposed approach offered an accurate and efficient solution for underwater docking guidance and target detection, which is of great significance for improving the safety of docking.
Phylogenetic and Morphological Analyses Reveal Twelve New Species of the Genus Patellaria (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico
Authors: García-Jacobo Ilian , Raymundo Tania , Martínez-González Cesar R. , Martínez-Pineda Michelle , Valenzuela Ricardo
Published: January 2025

Patellaria species are widely distributed in terrestrial and marine habitats and are saprobes growing on decaying wood, stems, or bark. However, studies on this genus in Mexico are limited, and only the type species Patellaria atrata Fr. has been cited. This study describes twelve new Patellaria species in Mexico supported by molecular (ITS-LSU-SSU) and morphological data. Phylogenetic analysis shows that species of this genus in Mexico are not closely related to Patellaria atrata. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the greatest species diversity is found in dry climates, particularly in xerophilous scrub.
COVID-19-Related Audit Report Disclosures: Determinants and Consequences
Authors: Micale Joseph A. , Kong Joon Ho
Published: January 2025

In this study, we identified firms receiving COVID-19-related audit report disclosures through critical audit matter (CAM) mentions of COVID-19 in their audit reports. Through OLS regressions, we then investigated the fundamental accounting and auditing determinants that predict the likelihood of firms to receive these COVID-19-related disclosures, and found that firms with intangibles and goodwill were more likely to have these mentioned in their audit reports. Next, we examined the content of these disclosures and found that auditors’ COVID-19 disclosures focused on significant accounting estimates (e.g., fair value accounting and asset impairment considerations). These results are consistent with the idea that COVID-19-related uncertainty represented a triggering event to firms, who then reassessed the carrying value of these long-term assets. After exploring the spillover effects to outsiders, we found that investors obtained a 7.3 basis point for abnormal returns following COVID-19 report disclosures and that auditors were able to charge these firms USD 452,000 higher audit fees relative to benchmark firms. The results are also consistent in entropy-balanced estimations and two-stage analyses that address endogeneity.
The Influence of Power Distance Beliefs and Advertising Appeal on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions
Authors: Feng Ruotong , Sun Yu , He Kai , Huang Zan , Yang Defeng
Published: January 2025

The global economic integration in the digital era, crafting marketing messages that resonate across diverse cultural landscapes poses a significant challenge for businesses. This study examines how consumers’ power distance beliefs and the use of exclusivity and authenticity in marketing communications influence their preferences. Through Study 1a and 1b, we find that the interaction between power distance beliefs and marketing appeals significantly impacts consumer purchase intentions. Further, Study 2 demonstrates these results and sheds light on the underlying psychological mechanism. This research contributes to the extant literature by elucidating the complex dynamics between power distance beliefs, advertising appeal, and cross-cultural consumer behavior in the digital economy. Additionally, it offers practical insights for firms aiming to craft effective marketing messages for culturally diverse audiences through digital marketing and e-commerce.
The Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Sustainable Development Strategy of Huizhou’s Traditional Villages in the Xin’an River Basin
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Anqi , Xu Xiaoxiao
Published: January 2025

Traditional villages are crucial for the sustainable development of both urban and rural areas, and identifying their spatial patterns is key to guiding village construction and promoting urban–rural integration. This research selected 274 traditional Huizhou villages located in the upper basin of the Xin’an River. It examined how the four main factors—construction period, geography, ecology, and social and economic development—shape and influence each other. By incorporating an optimal parameters-based geographical detector model, this study further explored the driving mechanisms behind spatial differentiation. The villages exhibit a “one belt, two cores, and multiple dispersion” pattern, with Shexian and Yixian counties as hot gathering areas of traditional villages. Population migration, internal growth, and external cultural and commercial exchanges drove village formation in three stages. Spatial distribution favors locations with gentle slopes, sunny aspects, proximity to water, suitable climates, convenient transportation, and distance from crowded areas. Topography, water systems, and external communication are key drivers, while the synergy between water systems and transportation is particularly significant. This study concludes that water systems have the greatest influence on village spatial patterns, recommending watersheds as regional boundaries and advocating a clustering development model for planning and protection efforts.
Plastic Creep Constraint in Nylon Instrument Strings
Authors: Lynch-Aird Nicolas , Woodhouse Jim , Barlow Claire Y.
Published: January 2025

A number of rectified nylon harp strings, having the same nominal diameter, were subjected to different sequences of applied stress steps. Each string was tested continuously for several weeks to allow sufficient time for the stretching responses to be clearly observed. Qualitatively, much of the observed behaviour was in accordance with established expectations. However, the quantitative data gathered here are believed to be novel, and revealed some surprises. The strings displayed a combination of elastic stretching, fully recoverable viscoelastic stretching, and apparently non-recoverable plastic stretching. The elastic and recoverable viscoelastic stretching behaviour was quite straightforward, but the plastic creep behaviour was more complicated, with a number of the strings displaying an unanticipated phenomenon. When the applied stress was left unchanged, or was stepped down and back up again, it was noticed that, in some cases, the extent of the subsequent plastic stretching, when the applied stress was next increased beyond its previous maximum, was significantly less than might have been expected. The tests revealed that this apparent plastic creep `constraint’ mechanism seemed to depend primarily on the length of time between successive overall rises in the applied stress, with a threshold somewhere in the range of 30–40 days. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be due to a gradual increase in the polymer crystallinity during this rest period. Two of the strings, which were tested over a wider range of applied stress levels, revealed another aspect of the creep behaviour. There appeared to be an initial `straightening’ phase during which the plastic stretching rose with the applied stress in a diminishing manner to reach a stretching limit. As the applied stress was increased, this initial straightening was overtaken by an unlimited main stretching phase, which rose slowly at first before approaching a linear increase with the applied stress.
161Terbium-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles as Nanoscale Brachytherapy Agents Against Breast Cancer
Authors: Salvanou Evangelia-Alexandra , Apostolopoulou Adamantia , Xanthopoulos Stavros , Koelewijn Stuart , van Overeem Philippe , Laurent Gautier , Bazzi Rana , Denat Franck , Roux Stéphane , Bouziotis Penelope
Published: January 2025

Due to their intriguing emission profile, Terbium-161 (161Tb) radiopharmaceuticals seem to bring significant advancement in theranostic applications to cancer treatment. The combination of 161Tb with nanoscale brachytherapy as an approach for cancer treatment is particularly advantageous and promising. Herein, we propose the application of a hybrid nanosystem comprising gold decorated (Au@TADOTAGA) iron oxide nanoflowers as a form of injectable nanobrachytherapy for the local treatment of breast cancer. More specifically, Au@TADOTAGA and NFAu@TADOTAGA NPs were efficiently radiolabeled with 161Tb, and their in vitro stability was assessed up to 21 d post-radiolabeling. Furthermore, their cytotoxic profile against 4T1 breast cancer cells was evaluated, and their ex vivo biodistribution characteristics were revealed after intratumoral injection in the same animal model. The enhanced retention at the tumor site urged us to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the [161Tb]Tb-NFAu@TADOTAGA nanosystem after intratumoral administration to 4T1-tumor-bearing mice, over a period of 24 days. Three different therapeutic protocols were performed in order to identify which therapeutic approach would offer the optimum results and identify the proposed nanosystem as a promising nanoscale brachytherapy agent.
Preamble Design and Noncoherent ToA Estimation for Pulse-Based Wireless Networks-on-Chip Communications in the Terahertz Band
Authors: Singh Pankaj , Jung Sung-Yoon
Published: January 2025

The growing demand for high-speed data transfer and ultralow latency in wireless networks-on-chips (WiNoC) has spurred exploration into innovative communication paradigms. Recent advancements highlight the potential of the terahertz (THz) band, a largely untapped frequency range, for enabling ultrafast tera-bit-per-second links in chip multiprocessors. However, the ultrashort duration of THz pulses, often in the femtosecond range, makes synchronization a critical challenge, as even minor timing errors can cause significant data loss. This study introduces a preamble-aided noncoherent synchronization scheme for time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation in pulse-based WiNoC communication operating in the THz band (0.02–0.8 THz). The scheme transmits the preamble, a known sequence of THz pulses, at the beginning of each symbol, allowing the energy-detection receiver to collect and analyze the energy of the preamble across multiple integrators. The integrator with maximum energy output is then used to estimate the symbol’s ToA. A preamble design based on maximum pulse energy constraints is also presented. Performance evaluations demonstrate a synchronization probability exceeding 0.98 for distances under 10 mm at a signal-to-noise ratio of 20 dB, with a normalized mean squared error below 10−2. This scheme enhances synchronization reliability, supporting energy-efficient, high-performance WiNoCs for future multicore systems.
Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein (BPI), a Novel Antimicrobial Molecule in Human Breast Milk with Immune Potential
Authors: Aquino-Domínguez Alba Soledad , de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini María , Torres-Aguilar Honorio , Rodríguez-Alba Juan Carlos , Martínez-Martínez Lucia Lourdes , Sánchez-Peña Francisco Javier , Hernández-Huerta María Teresa , Elizarrarás-Rivas Jesús , Tapia-Pastrana Gabriela , Gómez-López Melisa , Cruz-Martínez Elsa , Hernández-Corrales Uriel Eleazar , Aguilar-Ruiz Sergio Roberto
Published: January 2025

Breast milk is a fluid of vital importance during the first stages of life of the newborn since, in addition to providing nutrients, it also contains cells and molecules of the immune system, which protect the neonate from infection and, at the same time, modulate the establishment of the microbiota. Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is relevant in preventing disease and sepsis in neonates. Therefore, the following work aimed to demonstrate the presence of BPI in the different stages of breast milk and its possible immune functions. Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of soluble BPI and leukocytes and epithelial cells containing it, primarily in the colostrum stage. Using BPI at concentrations typical of colostrum, we observed that it reduces the growth of two distinct E. coli strains, enhances the uptake of these bacteria by monocytes, and suppresses the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-8 in infected intestinal cells. These findings suggest that BPI transferred via colostrum from mother to newborn may play a significant role in providing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory protection during the early stages of life.
Radiocobalt-Labeling of a Polypyridylamine Chelate Conjugated to GE11 for EGFR-Targeted Theranostics
Authors: Gé Lorraine Gaenaelle , Danielsen Mathias Bogetoft , Nielsen Aaraby Yoheswaran , Skavenborg Mathias Lander , Langkjær Niels , Thisgaard Helge , McKenzie Christine J.
Published: January 2025

The overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in certain types of prostate cancers and glioblastoma makes it a promising target for targeted radioligand therapy. In this context, pairing an EGFR-targeting peptide with the emerging theranostic pair comprising the Auger electron emitter cobalt-58m (58mCo) and the Positron Emission Tomography-isotope cobalt-55 (55Co) would be of great interest for creating novel radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer and glioblastoma theranostics. In this study, GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI) was investigated for its EGFR-targeting potential when conjugated using click chemistry to N1-((triazol-4-yl)methyl)-N1,N2,N2-tris(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (TZTPEN). This chelator is suitable for binding Co2+ and Co3+. With cobalt-57 (57Co) serving as a surrogate radionuclide for 55/58mCo, the novel GE11-TZTPEN construct was successfully radiolabeled with a high radiochemical yield (99%) and purity (>99%). [57Co]Co-TZTPEN-GE11 showed high stability in PBS (pH 5) and specific uptake in EGFR-positive cell lines. Disappointingly, no tumor uptake was observed in EGFR-positive tumor-bearing mice, with most activity being accumulated predominantly in the liver, gall bladder, kidneys, and spleen. Some bone uptake was also observed, suggesting in vivo dissociation of 57Co from the complex. In conclusion, [57Co]Co-TZTPEN-GE11 shows poor pharmacokinetics in a mouse model and is, therefore, not deemed suitable as a targeting radiopharmaceutical for EGFR.
Recovery of Polysaccharides from Red Grape Marc and White Grape Pomace by Degradation of Cell Walls by Enzymes with Different Activities
Authors: Garaigordobil Ekhiñe , Martínez-Lapuente Leticia , Guadalupe Zenaida , Pérez-Magariño Silvia , Ayestarán Belén
Published: January 2025

The recovery of polysaccharides (PS) from red grape marc and white grape pomace by enzymatic degradation of their cell walls is an interesting green extraction technique that preserves the structure and bioactivity of PS. The type and dose of enzyme, and the liquid/solid (L/S) ratio in PS extraction were studied using four commercial enzymes. Four different doses per enzyme were used, with tartaric acid as solvent and L/S ratios of 1.3/1 and 4/1 for 24 h at 20 °C, compared with a control. The highest dose of enzyme E1, polygalacturonase + pectin lyase + pectin-methyl-esterase (with the highest activity) was the most effective in the degradation of high and medium molecular weight PS. At the lower L/S ratio, the fact that the highest dose of E1 degraded a higher percentage of high and medium molecular weight PS in the marc was explained by the difference in cell wall deconstruction between pomace and marc. The highest total PS purity was achieved in pomace with E1 at the maximum dose in both ratios, and in marc at the 1.3/1 ratio. The extraction efficiency of total PS was low for all enzymes. In the future, extraction with E1 combined with other green extraction techniques will be studied.
Anti-Fatigue Activity of Corn Protein Hydrolysate Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria
Authors: Hu Nan , Sun Jingyi , Cao Yujia , Zhao Hongji , Sun Meng , Li Guanlong , Liu Xiaolan , Cong Shanzi
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the effect of lactic acid bacteria-fermented corn protein hydrolysate (FCH) on fatigue in mice and explore the connection between fatigue-related indicators and intestinal microbial flora. Methods: The fatigue model of mice was constructed by exercise endurance experiment. The anti-fatigue level of FCH was evaluated by measuring physiological and biochemical indexes in mouse serum, liver and skeletal muscle. The relationship between FCH, intestinal flora and fatigue was explored through the analysis of intestinal microbial diversity in mice, and the anti-fatigue mechanism of FCH was further analyzed. Results: The results showed that the weight-bearing swimming time of mice was prolonged by 1.96 times, and the running time of mice was prolonged by 2.63 times in the high-dose FCH (FCH-H) group. Moreover, the lactic acid contents in the blood were reduced by 16.00%, and lactate dehydrogenase activity and urea nitrogen contents basically returned to the normal level. Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde contents were reduced by 31.24%, and superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione contents were increased by 1.84 times and 1.72 times, respectively. In addition, the glycogen contents of the body were restored, and the muscle glycogen and liver glycogen were increased by 1.81 and 5.81 times, respectively. Analysis of intestinal microbial flora diversity in mice showed that the highest relative abundance was Lactobacillus, and the FCH group could recover and even increase its relative abundance. Lactobacillus was significantly positively correlated with muscle glycogen and SOD. Conclusions: FCH can alleviate fatigue by regulating fatigue-related indicators and improving the intestinal microbial flora of the organism.
Nutritional Intake and Dietary Knowledge of Athletes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hopper Caroline , Mooney Elaine , Mc Cloat Amanda
Published: January 2025

Background: Sports nutrition is a rapidly developing field of study, and optimum nutrition can have a crucial impact on athletic performance and, in turn, overall well-being. Nutritional knowledge and dietary intake of athletes are paramount in terms of reaching optimum athletic performance and promoting recovery. This review will scope the current literature in relation to nutritional knowledge and dietary intake of athletes in order to establish gaps in the research that require further exploration. Methods: A review of papers (n = 21) related to athletes’ nutritional knowledge and dietary intake in Sage, Pub-Mud, EBESCO and Sports-Discus databases was undertaken up to October 2024. Each of these papers met the strict eligibility criteria for inclusion following the adoption of the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA–ScR). Results: Studies reported that gaps exist in the nutritional knowledge and awareness of athletes in relation to nutrient intake and the recommended dietary guidelines. Furthermore, a disparity in knowledge exists with females overall exhibiting superior awarenesses in comparison to male counterparts. The findings of this study suggest that food supplements are being used to compensate for a shortfall in nutrition. A lack of access to evidence-based nutritional advice and practical, hands-on nutritional education have been cited as major barriers to enhancing and addressing nutritional awareness and knowledge. Conclusions: This scoping review mapped the existing literature relating to athletes’ nutritional knowledge and dietary practices and, in turn, revealed critical gaps and barriers The review established the need for further research to explore and address these gaps.
Synthesis of Knowledge on Infant Fortification Plants and the Most Commonly Used Galactogenic Plants in Niger and Their Uses in the Republic of Niger
Authors: Garba Rahila Hama , Moussa Idrissa , Sadou Hassimi , Suharoschi Ramona , Depeint Flore
Published: January 2025

The use of plants for therapeutic purposes is an ancestral practice that dates back to the earliest times in the history of mankind. Even today the exploitation of plants for medicinal purposes plays a big role for the communities, especially in Africa, despite advances in modern medicine. According to the World Health Organization, about 80% of the population in developing countries use plants for their primary health care. In Niger, the use of medicinal plants is a foundation of traditional medicine across all ages. It remains a very common practice, especially in rural areas. This practice concerns all ages of life, including mother–child care. In infants and young children, mothers use plants as fortifiers for their prophylactic or curative powers, or to facilitate growth and weight gain, and also to fight major causes of infant morbidity and mortality. Mothers also use medicinal plants for their galactogenic power to stimulate lactation. This is even more important in rural areas where breastfeeding is the main source of infant nutrition. Over the years, these medicinal plants have been the subject of chemical and biological investigations to back up their therapeutic potential and virtues. This study aims to summarize current knowledge on the most commonly used medicinal plants in Niger in mother–child care. This helps emphasize the validation of ancestral medicinal plants through the scientific evaluation of the bioactive components and mechanisms. Elements of sustainability are discussed in future developments.
Preliminary Results of Sensorimotor Room Training for the Improvement of Sensory and Motor Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Savarese Giulia , Mandia Rosa , Diavoletto Aldo , Piscitelli Michele , Impemba Francesca , Di Siervi Annatania , Carpinelli Luna , Bottiglieri Franca , Sessa Marianna , Corrivetti Giulio
Published: January 2025

Background: Motor skills in early and middle childhood are essential for physical play, social interactions, and academic development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit atypical sensory responses, which can impact self-care and other developmental areas. This study explores the impact of sensory and motor rehabilitation using a Motor Sensory Room to stimulate motor development in children with ASD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ASD, preschool and school-aged (2–10 years), were divided into three groups based on the DSM-5 severity levels. The PEP-3 scale was used to assess cognitive, language, motor, emotional, social, and behavioral development. Ten children underwent a 3-month Motor Sensory Room intervention, and data were collected longitudinally. A control group of ten children, matched in age, sex, and diagnosis, did not receive the intervention. A 12-month follow-up is planned for all participants. Results: Children exhibited diverse profiles. Type B subjects displayed more severe symptoms, while Type A showed milder symptoms with better language and interpersonal skills. After the 3-month intervention, improvements were noted in several PEP-3 areas. For sensory levels (hypo-reactivity), the percentage of individuals at medium levels increased from 44% to 50%. For hyper-reactivity, the percentage at medium levels rose from 30% to 40%. Motor skills improved, with the percentage of individuals with high motor abilities rising from 20% to 25%. Relational behaviors also saw gains, with an increase from 50% to 55% in medium-level behaviors. The experimental group demonstrated better outcomes compared to the control group, particularly in sensory and motor skills. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest that sensory and motor training in a Motor Sensory Room improves sensory integration, motor coordination, and social interaction in children with ASD. Further research is needed to confirm long-term benefits.
The Modeling of Perovskite Materials CsPbX3 (X = I, Br) by Changing the Concentration of Halide: Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Mikłas Alicja , Starowicz Zbigniew , Lipiński Marek , Wójcik Marek J. , Nakajima Takahito , Brela Mateusz Z.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, perovskites have quickly gained popularity in applications related to photonic devices and in photovoltaic applications. Over the last several years, the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells based on perovskites has matched the efficiency of PV cells based on silicon. CsPbBr3 perovskite is gaining more and more popularity, but due to the too large band gap value, its use in photovoltaics is difficult. Another perovskite, very intensively researched and giving hope for further development of photovoltaics, is CsPbI3. The CsPbI3 band gap is smaller than the CsPbBr3 band gap and more suitable for photovoltaic applications. However, CsPbI3 is unstable under the conditions of solar cell operation. To reduce the band gap value and increase the perovskite stability, very intensive research, both theoretical and experimental, is devoted to structures with mixed halides, i.e., a mixture of bromine and iodine with the general formula CsPbBrxI3−x. Computational methods based on DFT have been successfully used for many years to determine the parameters and properties of materials. The use of computational methods significantly reduces the costs of the research performed compared to experimental techniques. The aim of this work is to understand the band gap changes based on DFT calculations as well as XRD and UV-Vis experiments for CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, and CsPbBrxI3x perovskites.
Plant Factory in a Restaurant: Light Quality Effects on the Development, Physiology, and Quality of Three Baby-Leaf Vegetables
Authors: Bantis Filippos , Simos Nikolaos , Koukounaras Athanasios
Published: January 2025

Plant factories with artificial lighting (PFALs) are a notable choice for urban agriculture due to the system’s benefits, where light can be manipulated to enhance the product’s yield and quality. Our objective was to test the effect of light spectra with different red-blue combinations and white light on the growth, physiology, and overall quality of three baby-leaf vegetables (green lettuce, kale, and pak choi) grown in a restaurant’s PFAL. Leaf mass per area was lower under the most blue-containing treatments in all species. The performance indices (PIabs and PItot) of the photosynthetic apparatus were lower under more red light with the exception of PIabs in pak choi. Total soluble solids accumulation was diminished under most of the blue-containing LEDs, while total phenolics and antioxidant activity were induced by red-blue environments rich in blue light. Moreover, chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation was also enhanced under blue-rich light treatments. Nitrate content was the lowest under monochromatic blue in all species. Finally, the employees were asked about their views on the PFAL within the restaurant’s compounds and they expressed positive opinions. Overall, a light environment including red and blue wavelengths proved beneficial for baby leafy vegetable production in terms of yield and quality.
Rooting, Growth, and Root Morphology of the Cuttings of Ficus carica L. (cv. “Dottato”): Cutting Types and Length and Growth Medium Effects
Authors: Mafrica Rocco , Bruno Marcello , Fiozzo Vincenzo , Caridi Roberta , Sorgonà Agostino
Published: January 2025

The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) has gained renewed interest for its climate resilience and the health benefits of its fruit, driving demand for high-quality nursery plants. However, suboptimal propagation techniques limit the nursery production of figplants. This study evaluated the influence of the type and length of the cutting and the growth medium on rooting success, biomass yield and allocation, and root morphology in fig plants of the “Dottato” cultivar. Results pointed out that distal and longer cuttings significantly enhanced rooting efficiency and biomass production and allocation, yielding optimal shoot and root morphology for transplanting success. Multivariate analysis identified critical traits differentiating fig nursery plants’ quality across treatments. Additionally, the results showed that favorable outcomes were achieved across various growth mediums. These insights provide practical strategies to optimize propagation techniques and improve plant quality for sustainable fig cultivation.
Metal-Coordinated Polymer–Inorganic Hybrids: Synthesis, Properties, and Application
Authors: Abtahi Shaghayegh , Hendeniya Nayanathara , Mahmud Sharif Tasnim , Mogbojuri Gabriel , Iheme Chizoba Livina , Chang Boyce
Published: January 2025

This review examines the recent advancements and unique properties of polymer–inorganic hybrid materials formed through coordination bonding (Class II hybrids), which enable enhanced functionality and stability across various applications. Here, we categorize these materials based on properties gained through complexation, focusing on electrical conductivity, thermal stability, photophysical characteristics, catalytic activity, and nanoscale self-assembly. Two major synthetic approaches to making these hybrids include homogeneous and heterogeneous methods, each with distinct tradeoffs: Homogeneous synthesis is straightforward but requires favorable mixing between inorganic and polymer species, which are predominantly water-soluble complexes. In contrast, heterogeneous methods are post-processing techniques that provide high area selectivity for inorganic precursors, allowing precise integration within polymer matrices. Finally, we highlight the role of hybrid linkers, namely metallosupramolecular polymers, in creating structural diversity. These can be organized into three main groups: metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), coordination polymers (CPs), and supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs). Each of these groups introduces unique structural and functional properties that expand the potential applications of hybrid materials.
Optimization and Practice of a High-Strength Acoustic Wave Indirect Penetration Enhancement Scheme for the Drilling of Structural Coal Seams
Authors: Chen Cunqiang , Zhang Yongmin , Li Chao , Li Kexiang , Zhao Youzhi , Zhang Shuo , Ren Jing , Qin Yong , Chu Wenxiao
Published: January 2025

The structural coal seam drilling process often faces challenges such as shallow drilling depth, low hole formation rate, and the presence of blind areas in gas control. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel high-strength acoustic penetration approach and optimization design method under in situ conditions. Field tests were conducted at the Yunnan Bailongshan Coal Mine and Huainan Xieqiao Coal Mine to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. The results demonstrate that the coal seam or its roof can act as an acoustic energy converter to generate high-intensity acoustic waves that penetrate the coal seam, and the field test results confirm the efficacy of this method in increasing gas extraction. This study proposes a novel ‘hole replaces seam’ technique, optimizing the extraction process and reducing the risk of explosions and providing a more efficient and safer method for gas control in structural coal seams. Accordingly, a new technical method for replacing the bottom (top) extraction lane is proposed.
Style and Influence: Computing Hebrews and the Early Christian Stylistic Fingerprint
Authors: Pracht Erich Benjamin , McCauley Thomas
Published: January 2025

Using Hebrews as a test case, we investigate how an author’s participation in his literary network influences his writing habits. Our theoretical framework is that no author writes in a vacuum: all authors recycle stylistic habits from their literary contemporaries. We develop and implement a statistical procedure to trace stylistic influences, both in terms of which texts in an author’s literary network are influential and also in terms of which text-features are suggestive of influence. Stylistic units of analysis in this study are two-word sequences (N-Grams), 40 of which recur in Hebrews as a function of influence from the author’s literary network. We find that the author of Hebrews shares stylistic micro-patterns particularly with his co-religionists, which indicates that, already in New Testament times, the literature of emerging Christianity was developing a distinctive stylistic fingerprint, the features of which were transferred from one author to another.
Strategic Approaches to Define the Production Rate in Conceptual Projects of Critical Raw Materials
Authors: Silva Lucas Zucchi , Ayres da Silva Anna Luiza Marques
Published: January 2025

Mining projects are intricate, requiring significant time and investment for feasibility studies, despite a low likelihood of reaching execution. Accurate project factors can optimize costs across the study, execution, and operation phases. This work proposes a strategic approach to define the production rate in conceptual projects of critical raw materials, based on well-established formulae from Taylor, Long, and Singer, focusing on copper, zinc, and lead. Copper and zinc are crucial for renewable energy systems and low-carbon technologies, while lead supports energy storage applications. A dataset containing mine production and mineral resources from several mine projects, gathered from a specialized global company, was used to create a production rate equation and then compared using an adherence indicator to validate the formulae. The best adherence indicator from earlier studies was 59%. Copper projects did not show good adherence to the new formulae. Zinc and lead projects showed very good results, generating three formulae with good adherence numbers (above 70%), and they can be taken as a reference to calculate the production rate of new open-pit and underground mining projects. These findings offer a reliable strategic approach for estimating production rates in early-stage zinc and lead projects, enhancing the efficiency of the conceptual study phase in mining.