bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapitre 7. Les enjeux éthiques des politiques en matière de santé au Bénin
Authors: Houngnihin R. A.
Published: May 2017

Au cours des deux dernières décennies, les nouveaux enjeux de la santé publique ont suscité un regain d’intérêt pour l’éthique des politiques de santé dans le monde. Mais en Afrique en général et au Bénin en particulier, l’éthique en santé publique en tant qu’approche d’intervention, demeure embryonnaire. En visant le bien-être de la population, la politique sanitaire béninoise est théoriquement éthique. Mais, dans la réalité, elle est trop focalisée sur des logiques médicales et s’opère au détriment d’une démarche orientée vers l’éthique, clairement exprimée en termes de stratégies évaluées par une instance autonome, avant, pendant et après leur mise en œuvre, du point de vue de la pertinence, de l’efficacité, de l’équité, de la transparence, de la justice sociale... Dans un contexte caractérisé par un accès limité à des sources d’information ou à des connaissances crédibles, les destinataires des politiques de santé ne semblent pas aptes à exercer leur autonomie.
Heinrich Schenker, le contenu de la musique et le langage
Authors: Meeùs Nicolas
Published: May 2017

Le concept de « contenu » ( Inhalt ), qui a occupé la philosophie allemande pendant tout le Xix e siècle, notamment dans le débat sur la « musique absolue », forme un élément central et une préoccupation constante de la pensée de Schenker. Dans Der Geist der musikalischen Technik , Schenker décrit l’évolution de la musique en trois étapes : d’abord, l’explosion spontanée d’un plaisir accumulé ; puis une tentative d’imiter le langage et la pensée conceptuelle ; enfin, la libération du modèle linguistique et le développement d’une logique proprement musicale, fondée notamment sur la répétition. C’est la répétition qui fonde le motif, ce « mot-enson » ( Tonwort ) du langage musical. C’est elle qui dote la musique d’un contenu proprement musical, qui ne requiert ni référence mondaine, ni narration, ni programme littéraire.
Le refrain a / à la faveur des chansons contemporaines
Authors: July Joël
Published: May 2017

Textuellement, le refrain a subi de profondes évolutions au cours du xx e siècle, jusqu’à parfois disparaître des chansons même les plus populaires, en atténuant notamment ses critères de longueur, d’invariance et d’autonomie. Pourtant sa nécessité générique, sa valeur emblématique, son efficacité commerciale interdisent son effacement complet. On le voit donc rejaillir sous des aspects divers qui jalonnent la chanson et dans lesquels la mise en voix et la mise en musique ont une grande part sur sa perception par l’auditeur. Le refrain et tous ses avatars assurent alors au sein de la chanson de multiples fonctions, souvent imprévisibles mais toujours pertinentes.
Style musical et ontologie de la musique chez Pascal Quignard : le cas de Boutès
Authors: La Rocca Maria Concetta
Published: May 2017

Musicien, philosophe et écrivain, Pascal Quignard est considéré comme l’une des figures d’intellectuel les plus fascinantes de l’extrême contemporain. Son écriture, fragmentaire et discontinue, naît suite à une défaillance du langage et elle se sert de la musique pour chercher le sens ultime du logos originaire. Enfant mutique de musiciens, il choisit la musique pour compenser et sublimer la parole qui n’arrive pas à sortir verbalement. Cette étude vise à analyser l’écriture musicale de Boutès , aussi bien dans sa forme que dans son contenu. Si Quignard parle, dans ce livre, de sa conception de la musique, il transmet au lecteur son amour pour cet art, grâce à un emploi spécifique de certaines figures de style. Ces dernières interviennent pour créer, au sein du texte, une sonorité qui amène le lecteur au cœur de la méditation que Quignard construit autour de la musique. Ce travail a donc pour objectif de cerner les enjeux stylistiques qui permettent d’affirmer que la musique imprègne toute l’œuvre de Quignard. Cela montre ainsi comment la stylistique et la musique forment un lien très étroit, voire indissoluble, dans le cas de notre auteur.
Stylistique, musique et enseignement universitaire
Authors: Baroud A. Rana
Published: May 2017

À l’ère du tout-numérique, de l’infographie tridimensionnelle et de la saturation visuelle, les étudiants de Lettres semblent avoir du mal à réussir leurs analyses littéraires, notamment quand il s’agit de passer de la phase de repérage des faits d’expression d’un texte à la phase de détection des dominantes tonales et d’élaboration d’un modèle cohérent. Les lacunes au niveau du contexte culturel et les difficultés d’ordre linguistique rendent cet exercice encore plus difficile. Il en résulte souvent des commentaires impertinents ou superficiels. Fondée sur une expérience d’enseignement de la stylistique à des étudiants francophones de la Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences humaines de l’Université Libanaise, cette analyse vise à montrer que la musique peut venir en aide aux étudiants, et cela en leur permettant d’appréhender les textes littéraires dans leur dimension audiovisuelle et non seulement visuelle.
Joseph Marie de Gérando, Du perfectionnement moral ou de l’éducation de soi-même , choix de texte et présentation par Didier Moreau
Authors: Moreau Didier
Published: May 2017

Résumé Joseph Marie de Gérando (1772-1842) est un philosophe qui reste méconnu en France. Son œuvre pédagogique est importante : il est l’un des fondateurs de la Société pour l’instruction élémentaire (1815), qui prône l’enseignement mutuel et l’instruction des adultes. De Gérando interprète un concept néo-stoïcien de perfectionnement de soi, tiré du cura sui , qu’il relie à une théorie philosophique de la connaissance pour poser la notion d’éducation spontanée, source d’une éducation tout au long de la vie, par quoi l’individualité se construit. Cette perspective a, outre-Atlantique, fortement influencé Emerson. Le texte présenté est le premier chapitre de son ouvrage de 1824 : Du perfectionnement moral ou de l’éducation de soi-même .
Transmettre le passé
Authors: Dosse François
Published: May 2017

Résumé Paul Ricœur fait la démonstration que la transmission du passé ne consiste pas en une sacralisation d’un passé figé. Le passé s’est configuré dans des possibles qui se sont avérés, mais un certain nombre de ses potentialités peuvent nourrir un présent aujourd’hui coupé de tout projet futur. Ricœur rompt ainsi avec la tendance jusque-là prédominante consistant à fataliser le passé dans un système causal strict pour le rouvrir sur ses possibles non avérés et sur la construction d’un horizon d’attente.
Qu’est-ce que la “réalité” du passé historique ? Réflexions à partir de la théorie de l’histoire chez Paul Ricœur
Authors: Barash Jeffrey Andrew
Published: May 2017

Résumé Au cours des dernières décennies, la question de la réalité du passé historique suscite un vif débat qui concerne non seulement l’historiographie ou la théorie de l’histoire, mais aussi la critique littéraire. Ce débat a été posé d’estomper la distinction entre la représentation historique et le récit fictif, ce qui met ainsi en question la prétention de l’historien de trouver une mesure de la “réalité” du passé historique. Cet article analyse la réponse critique que Paul Ricœur propose, dans les différentes périodes de son œuvre, au défi soulevé par le scepticisme historique. Il met en relief la manière dont Ricœur, à la suite de sa lecture critique de la philosophie de Heidegger au cours des années 1980 et au début des années 1990, emprunte dans son ouvrage tardif La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli un certain nombre de concepts clés proposés par Heidegger dans Être et temps , pour étayer sa théorie de la réalité du passé historique. L’objectif de cet article est moins de proposer une exégèse du travail théorique de Ricœur que de soumettre à l’examen critique le rôle des concepts heideggériens dans son interprétation du passé.
Note sur l’initiative
Authors: Vincent Hubert
Published: May 2017

Résumé L’œuvre de Paul Ricœur est certainement riche de tout un ensemble de notions qui peuvent s’avérer précieuses pour la réflexion éducative, en particulier la notion d’initiative. Cet article s’attache dans un premier temps à en restituer les contours, pour elle-même, tout en prenant en garde certains aspects de la conceptualité ou du « système » de cette philosophie. Il s’attache ensuite à un aspect, tenu pour central, de cette notion et le développe en s’aidant de Montaigne, d’Alain et de Deligny.
Au miroir de la liberté de conscience : l’utopie laïque et son destin
Authors: Ferté Louise
Published: May 2017

Résumé Qu’est-ce que la liberté de conscience ? Cet article s’interroge sur la signification et les usages de ce principe né lors de la Réforme et réapparu au XIX e  siècle au sein du processus de laïcisation scolaire. Éclairer la laïcité par ce principe protestant permet de penser celle-ci comme une remise en question de toute l’institution scolaire : la laïcité qui libère les consciences, ou du moins qui assure leur liberté, ne désigne pas seulement l’organisation institutionnelle des relations entre les religions et l’État, mais engage une réflexion sur les formes politiques, religieuses et pédagogiques à même d’accomplir la mission d’émancipation des citoyens au sein d’un commun républicain que s’est donnée la République depuis 1789.
Exercise training, Glut-4 protein abundance and glutamine in skeletal muscle of mature and very old horses
Authors: Filho H.C. Manso , Betros C.L. , Gordon M.E. , Manso H.E.C.C.C. , Watford M. , McKeever K.H.
Published: May 2017

Two groups of unfit Standardbred mares (adult: 9-14 years, 540 kg, n=7) and old (20-25 years, 530 kg, n=5) were used to test two hypotheses, first, that aging and training would alter plasma and muscle glutamine [Gln] and glutamate [Glu] and second, that aging and training would alter Glut-4 expression in skeletal muscle. All animals were housed on pasture with free access to grass and all received hay and supplementation with a commercially prepared supplement (15% crude protein and 3.00 Mcal/kg dry matter) in individual stalls. Mares were fed to meet or exceed NRC (2007) nutrient recommendations for moderate to heavy exercise. The mares were exercise trained in a free-stall motorised circular exercise machine for 30 min/d, 5 d/week, for 8 weeks. Work intensity during training was set at a relative intensity of ~60% of the maximum heart rate, previously determined during an incremental exercise test (GXT). Blood samples and muscle biopsies (gluteus) obtained before and after 8 weeks of training were used for measurement of [Gln], [Glu] and Glut-4 abundance. Samples were collected before the initiation of training and at 24 h after cessation of last bout of exercise in the training period. All samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until enzymatic analysis for [Gln], [Glu] and Western Blot analysis for Glut-4 protein abundance. Data were analysed by one-way or two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Pearson correlation method. Post-hoc differences were identified with the Tukey test. Significance was set at P<0.05. There were no differences (P>0.05) in muscle [Glu] due to aging. Training decreased (P<0.05) muscle [Glu] from 7,561±701 nmol/g of tissue (mean ± standard error) in pre-training samples to 4,491±701 nmol/g of tissue post-training. Plasma [Gln] decreased (P<0.05) with training (368±14 nmol/ml vs 317±14 nmol/ml). There was a trend (P=0.063) towards an effect of aging. There were significant interactions between age and training for plasma [Gln]. Old mares had lower (P<0.05) post-exercise plasma [Gln] (224±21 nmol/ml) when compared with pre-exercise plasma [Gln] (372±21 nmol/ml). Post-training, plasma [Gln] was lower (P<0.05) in the old mares compared to adult mares [Gln] (224±21 nmol/ml vs 410±18 nmol/ml). There was an effect (P<0.05) of age on muscle [Gln] (old = 6,126 ±870 nmol/g of tissue; adult = 3,176±735 nmol/g of tissue); however, there were no changes (P>0.05) due to training. Glut-4 abundance analysis did not differ (P>0.05) between the young adult and old horses; however, there was a trend (P=0.063) towards an effect of training when samples from both groups were pooled. It was concluded that training and aging produce changes in plasma and muscle [Gln], which may affect immune function in athletic horses, but not in Glut-4.
Nurses' Perceptions and Management of Urinary Incontinence in Hospitalized Older Adults: An Integrative Review
Authors: Colborne Marnie , Dahlke Sherry
Published: May 2017

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a geriatric syndrome affecting older adults in long-term and acute hospital care. Most research has focused on nurses' perceptions of UI in long-term care and community settings rather than acute hospital settings. The purpose of the current integrative review was to understand nurses' perceptions and use of continence strategies for hospitalized older adults. Literature published from 1996-2016 was reviewed. Critical appraisal of the articles by two researchers yielded 10 articles that described nine studies. Findings revealed that nurses lack knowledge or motivation to thoroughly assess UI in older adults, often focusing on containment strategies (e.g., adult briefs) rather than conducting an assessment and promoting continence. More education about UI assessment, management, and research is needed to improve nursing care of hospitalized older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(10), 46-55.]
An invasion risk map for non-native aquatic macrophytes of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Rodríguez-Merino Argantonio , Fernández-Zamudio Rocío , García-Murillo Pablo
Published: May 2017

Freshwater systems are particularly susceptible to non-native organisms, owing to their high sensitivity to the impacts that are caused by these organisms. Species distribution models, which are based on both environmental and socio-economic variables, facilitate the identification of the most vulnerable areas for the spread of non-native species. We used MaxEnt to predict the potential distribution of 20 non-native aquatic macrophytes in the Iberian Peninsula. Some selected variables, such as the temperature seasonality and the precipitation in the driest quarter, highlight the importance of the climate on their distribution. Notably, the human influence in the territory appears as a key variable in the distribution of studied species. The model discriminated between favorable and unfavorable areas with high accuracy. We used the model to build an invasion risk map of aquatic macrophytes for the Iberian Peninsula that included results from 20 individual models. It showed that the most vulnerable areas are located near to the sea, the major rivers basins, and the high population density areas. These facts suggest the importance of the human impact on the colonization and distribution of non-native aquatic macrophytes in the Iberian Peninsula, and more precisely agricultural development during the Green Revolution at the end of the 70’s. Our work also emphasizes the utility of species distribution models for the prevention and management of biological invasions.
Becoming a Culturally Competent Educational Leader
Authors: Schares Denise K.
Published: May 2017

Cultural competency is a critical attribute for effective leadership. The journey of becoming culturally competent begins with an understanding of one's own cultural background and how it impacts interactions with students, colleagues and families. Through examination of the literature, reflection, conversation and diverse experiences, leaders can gain the knowledge, skills and dispositions to embrace diversity and more effectively serve students and families. With the ultimate goal of serving all students and families to capitalize on diversity, the journey toward cultural competency is life-long, informed by cultural backgrounds and supported through experience and dialogue.
Preparing Critical, Secondary Special Educators
Authors: Cowley Danielle M.
Published: May 2017

In this chapter the author explores teacher preparation as the logical site for cultivating praxis for secondary inclusive education. The author describes a university course on inclusive education for preparing critical special education teachers. The author offers disability studies in education (DSE) as a theoretical framework for supporting critical thought and creating just and inclusive educational practices for students with disabilities in P-21 settings. The author then outlines two themes that ground the architectural design of the course: re/thinking students (person-first narratives of disability) and re/designing pedagogy (Universal Design for Learning). According to Smith (2009), DSE “sees oppression and prejudice in sociocultural contexts and seeks to address those concerns” (p. 215). In preparing critical special educators it is our job to help students not only “see” the oppression of exclusion, but to provide them with concrete ways to create change and remain resilient.
Human resource practices and affective organisational commitment: A sectoral comparative study
Authors: Steyn Renier , Bezuidenhout Magda L. , Grobler Anton
Published: May 2017

Orientation: Organisational commitment (OC) is often depicted as a desirable employee attitude and relates to organisational performance. Little research has been carried out on the (Human Resource) HR practices–OC relationship within the South African context, and specifically with regard to this relationship across various sectors.Research purpose: The purpose of this contribution is to specify the HR practices–OC relationship, within South Africa, and specifically across various sectors.Motivation for the study: It addresses the important matter of OC, a necessary requirement for sustaining organisations, through effective delivery of HR practices.Research design, approach and method: This study is based on a cross-sectional survey design, collecting primary data on HR practices and OC from South African employees in public and private sector organisations, as well as state-owned entities.Main findings: Minimal practically significant mean scored differences were detected among HR practices delivered per sector. Furthermore, a positive link between effective HR practices and OC was found within each of the three sectors, but this relationship was sector-specific.Practical implications: The findings of this study offer a new, contextualised perspective on the HR practices–OC relationship. The data gathered could assist practitioners in reshaping HR policies – and particularly practices – to suit their specific sector.Contribution and value add: The findings of this study are expected to offer valuable insight into the deferential management along sector lines. They also reiterate the importance of localised research and caution practitioners not to transfer research findings to local settings without a thorough investigation of local research.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer with emphasis on the distribution of bone metastases
Authors: Al Tamimi Ammad , Zaheer Sumbul , Ng David , Osmany Saabry
Published: May 2017

Distant metastases change the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) which most commonly metastasizes to the bone. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is reported as useful in imaging NPC metastases. Our study assesses the incidence and distribution of bone metastases detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in NPC. 717 18F-FDG PET/CT scan reports of histologically proven NPC patients imaged in Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between 2003 and 2009 were reviewed for the total number of metastases (scanned from vertex to mid-thigh) and analyzed for distribution. Of the 709 FDG avid metastases in these reports, 357/709 (50.35%) were locoregional nodal metastasis and 352/709 (49.65%) were distant metastases of which 192/709 (27.08%) of total metastases and 54.54% of distant metastases (192/352) were in the bones. The majority of the bone lesions 125/192 (65.1%) were in the axial skeleton with 109/192 (56.77%) in the lower skeleton (thoracolumbar spine, sacrum, and pelvis). The incidence of bone metastases in our study (27.08%) was higher than that reported in other studies, for example, 15% by Liu et al. and 11% (230 patients) by Caglar et al. Bone metastases have been reported in the femurs and the feet and as such some metastases may have been outside the field of view of the scans. In our study, 27% of FDG avid NPC metastases are in the bones.
Positron emission tomography in mucosal melanomas of head and neck: Results from a South Asian tertiary cancer care center
Authors: Agrawal Archi , Pantvaidya Gouri , Murthy Vedang , Prabhash Kumar , Bal Munita , Purandare Nilendu , Shah Sneha , Rangarajan Venkatesh
Published: May 2017

To evaluate the accuracy of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in staging and restaging of patients with mucosal melanomas (MM) of head and neck. Patients who underwent PET/CT at our institution, with a biopsy proven diagnosis of MM of the head and neck between March 2006 and December 2013 were included in the study. Nineteen patients with MM of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and oral cavity were included, of which 12 were for staging and seven for restaging. PET/CT had 100% sensitivity (SN), specificity (SP), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for detection of the primary. SN of 91.7%, SP of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 87.5% were seen for nodal metastases. For distant metastases, SN of 85.7%, SP of 100%, PPV of 100%, and NPV of 92.3% were noted. The disease was upstaged from loco-regional to metastatic in 32% leading to treatment change in 25% in the staging group and 43% in the restaging group. PET/CT demonstrates good overall accuracy in evaluation of patients with MM of the head and neck. The main strength of PET/CT lies in detection of distant metastatic disease due to extended whole-body field of view.
Prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen kinetics in predicting 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography positivity forfirst bone metastases in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Yoon James , Ballas Leslie , Desai Bhushan , Jadvar Hossein
Published: May 2017

We evaluated the association between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and kinetics to predict 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-NaF PET-CT) positivity forfirst bone metastases in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. All 18F-NaF PET-CT scans that were performed at our institution during 2010–2014 were queried to find patients who demonstrated biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Records were reviewed to obtain data on PSA levels and kinetics at the time of 18F-NaF PET-CT and pathologic features of the prostatectomy specimen, which were then used for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine predictability for 18F-NaF PET positivity. Thirty-six patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 8 (22.2%) had positive 18F-NaF PET-CT scans. Mean values for PSA, PSA doubling time (PSADT), and PSA velocity (PSAV) were 2.02 ng/ml (range: 0.06–11.7 ng/ml), 13.2 months (range: 1.11–60.84), and 1.28 ng/ml/year (range: 0.1–5.28) for 18F-NaF PET-CT negative scans, and 4.11 ng/ml (range: 0.04–14.38 ng/ml), 8.9 months (range; 0.7–27.8), and 9.06 ng/ml/year (range: 0.04–50.2) for 18F-NaF PET-CT positive scans, respectively (P = 0.07, 0.47, and 0.02, respectively, for PSA, PSADT, and PSAV). ROC analysis for 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity resulted in area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.634 for PSA, 0.598 for PSADT, and 0.688 for PSAV. ROC analysis with combined models gave AUC values of 0.723 for a combination of PSA and PSADT, 0.689 for a combination of PSA and PSAV, and 0.718 for grouping of PSA, PSADT, and PSAV. There was no significant association between 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity and primary tumor Gleason score, TN staging, and status of surgical margins. 18F-NaF PET-CT detectedfirst-time osseous metastases in 22.2% of our patients with biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy with the PSA level range ≤11.7 ng/ml. PSAV was statistically significant in predicting 18F-NaF PET-CT positivity. ROC analysis demonstrated higher AUCs when PSA was combined with PSA kinetics parameters.
Minimum Wage and Employment: Escaping the Parametric Straitjacket
Authors: Cabras Stefano , Fidrmuc Jan , de Dios Tena Juan
Published: May 2017

Parametric regression models are often not flexible enough to capture the true relationships as they tend to rely on arbitrary identification assumptions. Using the UK Labor Force Survey, the authors estimate the causal effect of national minimum wage (NMW) increases on the probability of job entry and job exit by means of a non-parametric Bayesian modelling approach known as Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART). The application of this methodology has the important advantage that it does not require ad-hoc assumptions about model fitting, number of covariates and how they interact. They find that the NMW exerts a positive and significant impact on both the probability of job entry and job exit. Although the magnitude of the effect on job entry is higher, the overall effect of NMW is ambiguous as there are many more employed workers. The causal effect of NMW is higher for young workers and in periods of high unemployment and they have a stronger impact on job entry decisions. No significant interactions were found with gender and qualifications.
Pathfinder: applying graph theory to consistent tracking of daytime mixed layer height with backscatter lidar
Authors: de Bruine Marco , Apituley Arnoud , Donovan David Patrick , Klein Baltink Hendrik , de Haij Marijn Jorrit
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The height of the atmospheric boundary layer or mixing layer is an important parameter for understanding the dynamics of the atmosphere and the dispersion of trace gases and air pollution. The height of the mixing layer (MLH) can be retrieved, among other methods, from lidar or ceilometer backscatter data. These instruments use the vertical backscatter lidar signal to infer MLHL, which is feasible because the main sources of aerosols are situated at the surface and vertical gradients are expected to go from the aerosol loaded mixing layer close to the ground to the cleaner free atmosphere above. Various lidar/ceilometer algorithms are currently applied, but accounting for MLH temporal development is not always well taken care of. As a result, MLHL retrievals may jump between different atmospheric layers, rather than reliably track true MLH development over time. This hampers the usefulness of MLHL time series, e.g. for process studies, model validation/verification and climatology. Here, we introduce a new method pathfinder, which applies graph theory to simultaneously evaluate time frames that are consistent with scales of MLH dynamics, leading to coherent tracking of MLH. Starting from a grid of gradients in the backscatter profiles, MLH development is followed using Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm (Dijkstra, 1959). Locations of strong gradients are connected under the condition that subsequent points on the path are limited to a restricted vertical range. The search is further guided by rules based on the presence of clouds and residual layers. After being applied to backscatter lidar data from Cabauw, excellent agreement is found with wind profiler retrievals for a 12-day period in 2008 (R2 =  0.90) and visual judgment of lidar data during a full year in 2010 (R2 =  0.96). These values compare favourably to other MLHL methods applied to the same lidar data set and corroborate more consistent MLH tracking by pathfinder.
Leads and lags between Antarctic temperature and carbon dioxide during the last deglaciation
Authors: Gest Léa , Parrenin Frédéric , Chowdhry Beeman Jai , Raynaud Dominique , Fudge Tyler J. , Buizert Christo , Brook Edward J.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. To understand causal relationships in past climate variations, it is essential to have accurate chronologies of paleoclimate records. The last deglaciation, which occurred from 18 000 to 11 000 years ago, is especially interesting, since it is the most recent large climatic variation of global extent. Ice cores in Antarctica provide important paleoclimate proxies, such as regional temperature and global atmospheric CO2. However, temperature is recorded in the ice while CO2 is recorded in the enclosed air bubbles. The ages of the former and of the latter are different since air is trapped at 50–120 m below the surface. It is therefore necessary to correct for this air-ice shift to accurately infer the sequence of events. Here we accurately determine the phasing between East Antarctic temperature and atmospheric CO2 variations during the last deglacial warming based on Antarctic ice core records. We build a stack of East Antarctic temperature variations by averaging the records from 4 ice cores (EPICA Dome C, Dome Fuji, EPICA Dronning Maud Land and Talos Dome), all accurately synchronized by volcanic event matching. We place this stack onto the WAIS Divide WD2014 age scale by synchronizing EPICA Dome C and WAIS Divide using volcanic event matching, which allows comparison with the high resolution CO2 record from WAIS Divide. Since WAIS Divide is a high accumulation site, its air age scale, which has previously been determined by firn modeling, is more robust. Finally, we assess the CO2/Antarctic temperature phasing by determining four periods when their trends change abruptly. We find that at the onset of the last deglaciation and at the onset of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) period CO2 and Antarctic temperature are synchronous within a range of 210 years. Then CO2 slightly leads by 165 ± 116 years at the end of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) period. Finally, Antarctic temperature significantly leads by 406 ± 200 years at the onset of the Holocene period. Our results further support the hypothesis of no convective zone at EPICA Dome C during the last deglaciation and the use of nitrogen-15 to infer the height of the diffusive zone. Future climate and carbon cycle modeling works should take into account this robust phasing constraint.
Sequential assimilation of satellite-derived vegetation and soil moisture products using SURFEX_v8.0: LDAS-Monde assessment over the Euro-Mediterranean area
Authors: Albergel Clément , Munier Simon , Leroux Delphine Jennifer , Dewaele Hélène , Fairbairn David , Barbu Alina Lavinia , Gelati Emiliano , Dorigo Wouter , Faroux Stéphanie , Meurey Catherine , Le Moigne Patrick , Decharme Bertrand , Mahfouf Jean-Francois , Calvet Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In this study, a global Land Data Assimilation system (LDAS-Monde) is tested over Europe and the Mediterranean basin to increase monitoring accuracy for land surface variables. LDAS-Monde is able to ingest information from satellite-derived surface Soil Moisture (SM) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) observations to constrain the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model (LSM) coupled with the CNRM (Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques) version of the Total Runoff Integrating Pathways (ISBA-CTRIP) continental hydrological system. It makes use of the CO2-responsive version of ISBA which models leaf-scale physiological processes and plant growth. Transfer of water and heat in the soil rely on a multilayer diffusion scheme. Surface SM and LAI observations are assimilated using a simplified extended Kalman filter (SEKF), which uses finite differences from perturbed simulations to generate flow-dependence between the observations and the model control variables. The latter include LAI and seven layers of soil (from 1 cm to 100 cm depth). A sensitivity test of the Jacobians over 2000–2012 exhibits effects related to both depth and season. It also suggests that observations of both LAI and surface SM have an impact on the different control variables. From the assimilation of surface SM, the LDAS is more effective in modifying soil-moisture from the top layers of soil as model sensitivity to surface SM decreases with depth and has almost no impact from 60 cm downwards. From the assimilation of LAI, a strong impact on LAI itself is found. The LAI assimilation impact is more pronounced in SM layers that contain the highest fraction of roots (from 10 cm to 60 cm). The assimilation is more efficient in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. Assimilation impact shows that the LDAS works well constraining the model to the observations and that stronger corrections are applied to LAI than to SM. The assimilation impact's evaluation is successfully carried out using (i) agricultural statistics over France, (ii) river discharge observations, (iii) satellite-derived estimates of land evapotranspiration from the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) project and (iv) spatially gridded observations based estimates of up-scaled gross primary production and evapotranspiration from the FLUXNET network. Comparisons with those four datasets highlight neutral to highly positive improvement.
Modelling deep-water formation in the North-West Mediterranean Sea with a new air-sea coupled model: sensitivity to turbulent flux parameterizations
Authors: Seyfried Léo , Marsaleix Patrick , Richard Evelyne , Estournel Claude
Published: May 2017

Abstract. In the north western Mediterranean, the strong, dry, cold winds, the Tramontane and Mistral, produce intense heat and moisture exchange at the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere leading to the formation of deep dense waters, a process that occurs only in certain regions of the world. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a new coupled ocean-atmosphere modelling system based on MESONH-SURFEX-SYMPHONIE to simulate a deep-water formation event in real conditions. The study focuses on summer 2012 to spring 2013, a favourable period that is well documented by previous studies and for which many observations are available. Model results are assessed through detailed comparisons with different observation data sets, including measurements from buoys, moorings and floats. The good overall agreement between observations and model results shows that the new coupled system satisfactorily simulates the formation of deep dense water and can be used with confidence to study ocean-atmosphere coupling in the north-western Mediterranean. In addition, to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the representation of turbulent fluxes in strong wind conditions, several simulations were carried out based on different parameterizations of the flux bulk formulas. The results point out that the choice of turbulent flux parameterization strongly influences the simulation of the deep water convection and can modify the calculated volume of the deep water formed by up to one order of magnitude.
Iceberg calving of Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica: full-Stokes modeling combined with linear elastic fracture mechanics
Authors: Yu Hongju , Rignot Eric , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Helene
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Thwaites Glacier (TG), West Antarctica, has been losing mass and retreating rapidly in the past few decades. Here, we present a study of its calving dynamics combining a two-dimensional flow-band full-Stokes (FS) model of its viscous flow with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory to model crevasse propagation and ice fracturing. We compare the results with those obtained with the higher-order (HO) and the shallow-shelf approximation (SSA) models coupled with LEFM. We find that FS/LEFM produces surface and bottom crevasses that are consistent with the distribution of depth and width of surface and bottom crevasses observed by NASA's Operation IceBridge radar depth sounder and laser altimeter, whereas HO/LEFM and SSA/LEFM do not generate crevasses that are consistent with observations. We attribute the difference to the nonhydrostatic condition of ice near the grounding line, which facilitates crevasse formation and is accounted for by the FS model but not by the HO or SSA models. We find that calving is enhanced when pre-existing surface crevasses are present, when the ice shelf is shortened or when the ice shelf front is undercut. The role of undercutting depends on the timescale of calving events. It is more prominent for glaciers with rapid calving rates than for glaciers with slow calving rates. Glaciers extending into a shorter ice shelf are more vulnerable to calving than glaciers developing a long ice shelf, especially as the ice front retreats close to the grounding line region, which leads to a positive feedback to calving events. We conclude that the FS/LEFM combination yields substantial improvements in capturing the stress field near the grounding line of a glacier for constraining crevasse formation and iceberg calving.
Characterizing permafrost soil active layer dynamics and sensitivity to landscape spatial heterogeneity in Alaska
Authors: Yi Yonghong , Kimball John S. , Chen Richard , Moghaddam Mahta , Reichle Rolf H. , Mishra Umakant , Zona Donatella , Oechel Walter C.
Published: May 2017

Abstract. An important feature of the Arctic is large spatial heterogeneity in active layer conditions, which is generally poorly represented by global models. In this study, we developed a spatially integrated modelling and analysis framework combining field observations, local scale (~ 50 m) active layer thickness (ALT) and soil moisture maps derived from airborne low frequency (L + P-band) radar measurements, and global satellite environmental observations to investigate the ALT sensitivity to recent climate trends and landscape heterogeneity in Alaska. Model simulated ALT results show good correspondence with in-situ measurements in higher permafrost probability (PP ≥ 70 %) areas (n = 33, R = 0.60, mean bias = 1.58 cm, RMSE = 20.32 cm). The model results also reveal widespread ALT deepening since 2001, with smaller ALT increases in northern Alaska (mean trend = 0.32 ± 1.18 cm yr-1) and much larger increases (> 3 cm yr-1) across interior and southern Alaska. The positive ALT trend coincides with regional warming and a longer snow-free season (R = 0.60 ± 0.32). Uncertainty in the spatial and vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) was found to be the most important factor affecting model ALT accuracy. Potential improvements in characterizing SOC heterogeneity, including better spatial sampling of soil conditions and advances in remote sensing of SOC and soil moisture, will enable more accurate predictions of permafrost active layer conditions.
La Escuela Intercultural hoy: reflexiones y perspectivas pedagógicas
Authors: Leiva Olivencia Juan José
Published: May 2017

La educación intercultural está atravesando un período de reflexión conceptual sobre su desarrollo como propuesta educativa inclusiva e innovadora. En este sentido, este artículo pretende favorecer y suscitar el debate y la reflexión pedagógica sobre los nuevos caminos y orientaciones de la interculturalidad en la escuela actual. Para ello, planteamos una mirada más holística, centrada en los procesos educativos interculturales y la educación personalizada
Uma taxonomia para corretagem de nuvens IaaS baseada na migração de infraestruturas virtuais
Authors: Cardoso Junior Euclides , Miers Charles Christian , Koslovski Guilherme Piegas
Published: May 2017

A computação em nuvem propõe um modelo no qual o usuário tem a ideia de recursos ilimitados, que podem ser reservados dinamicamente, pagando somente o que for consumido. Esse modelo de tarifação é conhecido como pay-as-you-go. Estes e outros fatores, levaram a uma ampla adoção dos serviços oferecidos pelas nuvens computacionais por parte dos usuários. Porém, ao migrarem aplicações para a nuvem, os usuários se deparam com uma quantidade expressiva de provedores, recursos, corretores e serviços oferecidos. Através da análise de material coletado em uma pesquisa referenciada, este trabalho propõe uma taxonomia para a classificação de atores relacionados com a corretagem de nuvens de acordo com as suas principais características. Nas referências são citados diversos recursos e tipos de serviços, porém este trabalho mantém o foco na migração de infraestruturas virtuais entre provedores de Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS).
Geração de uma excitação sísmica através do espectro de Kanai-Tajimi
Authors: Dalla Chiesa Daniela , Fleck Fadel Miguel Letícia
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da implementação de uma rotina computacional, no programa MATLAB, para a geração de uma excitação sísmica e análise da resposta dinâmica de um edifício, com n graus de liberdade, sujeito a esse tipo de carregamento. Deﬁne-se a excitação sísmica como um processo estocástico estacionário unidimensional, passando por um processo de ruído branco Gaussiano através do ﬁltro de Kanai-Tajimi, cuja função densidade espectral de potência permite a geração da aceleração do solo no domínio da frequência. A aceleração do solo é, então, passada para o domínio do tempo gerando um acelerograma sísmico artiﬁcial. De posse do acelerograma resolve-se, com a aplicação do método de Newmark, a equação de movimento dinâmico estrutural e encontram-se os deslocamentos, velocidades e acelerações referentes a cada andar do edifício. Por ﬁm, uma análise dos valores máximos, em módulo, dos deslocamentos, acelerações e dos deslocamentos relativos entre os andares é ilustrada. Os resultados encontrados estão condizentes com a literatura conﬁrmando, assim, a eﬁciência da rotina implementada.
Mensuração da satisfação por meio da adaptação de um modelo hierárquico baseado na lógica fuzzy
Authors: Viana Karine Dutra , Mattos Viviane Leite de Dias
Published: May 2017

O presente trabalho trata de um modelo de análise hierárquica, fundamentado na lógica fuzzy, denominado COPPE-Cosenza. Inicialmente este modelo foi desenvolvido para análise de zoneamento industrial. Além de destacar brevemente sua metodologia, o objetivo deste estudo é propor algumas adaptações e mostrar o seu desempenho na mensuração da satisfação. Os dados utilizados são parte integrante de uma pesquisa que construiu uma escala para medir a satisfação de usuários de transporte público de uma determinada região. A análise desenvolvida permite estabelecer uma hierarquia entre os três indivíduos analisados a partir de sua satisfação. Embora nem todos os escores encontrados para a satisfação tenham sido iguais, houve concordância entre as hierarquias estabelecidas.
Caracterización morfológica in situ de Ojushte (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz) y su incidencia en la selección de germoplasma de alto potencial nutricional en El Salvador
Authors: Molina Escalante M. O. , Castillo Guerra L. O. , Parada Berrios F. A. , Lara Ascencio F. , Linares A. Y.
Published: May 2017

Con el objetivo de identificar y caracterizar morfológicamente in situ árboles de Ojushte, para seleccionar germoplasma de alto potencial nutricional, se ejecutó la investigación de febrero 2013 a febrero de 2014. Esta labor incluyó giras a lugares con poblaciones naturales de la especie, distribuidas en diversas localidades de El Salvador: San Pedro, Chirilagua (San Miguel); Área Natural Protegida Nancuchiname, San Marcos Lempa (Usulután); La Bermuda, Suchitoto (Cuscatlán); San Laureano, Ciudad Delgado y Universidad de El Salvador (San Salvador); San Isidro y Área Natural Protegida Plan de Amayo, Caluco (Sonsonate) y Upatoro (Chalatenango). En la caracterización de los árboles se tomaron en cuenta caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos. Para la interpretación de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis multivariado, en donde se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 20. Se caracterizaron un total de 30 árboles productivos de Ojushte, de los cuales 23 resultaron con atributos sobresalientes en cuanto a características químicas de semilla, proteína, con rango de 12.25 – 13.99%; hierro con 31 –74.09 mg.l-1; y zinc con 11.6 – 18.34 mg.l-1 (los rangos fueron calculados por medio de probabilidad estadística), los cuales pueden ser utilizados en programas de producción, alimentación humana y mejoramiento genético.Por otra parte la variabilidad genética cuantitativa de los árboles estudiados estuvo determinada por el 42% de los descriptores, mostrando coeficientes de variación mayores al 23%. El método multivariado permitió agrupar en seis componentes a 23 árboles de Ojushte, en donde cada grupo se caracterizó por mostrar perfiles muy afines entre sí y diferentes entre los grupos. Del total de árboles estudiados se tomó una muestra para realizar el análisis bromatológico correspondiente.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 3, 2014: 61-76
Evaluación de la sustentabilidad de los sistemas productivos campesinos de la Asociacion de Caficultores Orgánicos de Colombia - ACOC- Valle del Cauca
Authors: Cárdenas Grajales Gloria Inés , Acevedo Osorio Álvaro
Published: May 2017

El estudio presenta los resultados del estado y desempeño de la sustentabilidad de sistemas productivos de la Asociación de Caficultores Orgánicos de Colombia ACOC, mediante once indicadores locales relacionados con los recursos y la operación del sistema, comparando resultados para dos ciclos de evaluación en 2005 y 2010.Las evaluaciones se hicieron de manera participativa con treinta familias campesinas de la ACOC, utilizando la metodología MESMIS - Marco para la Evaluación de Sistemas de Manejo de Recursos Naturales Incorporando Indicadores de Sustentabilidad. Para el análisis estadístico se construyó un plano factorial con once variables activas de tipo categórico, una variable categórica ilustrativa de cuatro localidades: Restrepo, Buga, Riofrío y el corregimiento de Fenicia, y una variable continua ilustrativa correspondiente a los Índices de Sustentabilidad. Los resultados presentaron reducciones del 1.8% y del 15.8% para los grupos 1 y 3, respectivamente; y un aumento del 13.2% para el grupo 2. Los indicadores que mayor variabilidad presentaron fueron Agrodiversidad sustentable, Biodiversidad y Autosuficiencia Alimentaria. En general los cambios en los indicadores fueron leves, mostrando que la sustentabilidad de los sistemas productivos de la ACOC tuvo un comportamiento equilibrado durante los cinco años que transcurrieron entre las dos evaluaciones.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 4, 2015: 109-135
Ortografía de la lengua española
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Es el trabajo conjunto entre las diferentes academias de la lengua española del mundo, para consensuar criterios en una materia tan importante para la comunicación escrita como lo es la ortografía.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.128, 2011: 345-346
Desastre natural, desastre humano
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 129, 2011: 351-354
Narrativas Mediáticas: La representación virtual del yo en los jóvenes
Authors: Torres Claudia
Published: May 2017

La sociabilidad virtual en la cual vivimos inmersos todos los que disponemos de un aparato tecnológico que nos permita conectarnos con los otros en el ciberespacio ha impactado, y seguirá impactando, la manera en cómo nos representamos en esta esfera pública llamada internet. Los jóvenes, en particular, es el grupo social que más tiende a presentarse. El ciberespacio se ha convertido en el lugar por excelencia del joven para configurar su yo virtual con una serie de características propias que lo definen frente a los otros. En este sentido, las redes sociales juegan un papel importante en la construcción de identidad del joven internauta. La elaboración de un perfil, de un estado en Facebook permite construir y ampliar la realidad virtual que se vuelve paralela a la realidad física. Es una comunicación con nuevos códigos, con nuevas narrativas en la que intervienen una multiplicidad de canales enfilados en un nuevo espacio de socialización para los jóvenes.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.147, 2016: 153-167
Camino de hormigas, de Miguel Huezo Mixco
Authors: Delgado Emilio
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponibles.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.147, 2016: 169-175