bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Environments: Harnessing the Potential of Biosurfactants – A review
Authors: Sowbaranika U  , K Ashok Kumar , Jayanthi M  , Abirami G  , Suganthi M  , Ling Shing Wong  , Durgadevi R  , Prakash B  , Suresh D
Published: November 2023

Hydrocarbon contamination from industries like petrochemicals threatens the environment and public health. Benzene, toluene, xylene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum products are highly toxic. Conventional cleanup methods are costly and risk secondary pollution. This review highlights biosurfactants, microbially produced compounds that enhance hydrocarbon degradation by lowering surface tension and increasing bioavailability. Biosurfactants are biodegradable and eco-friendly, making them a sustainable alternative to synthetic surfactants. The review intends to cover the biosurfactant sources, types, mechanisms, and their applications in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments. Recent bioremediation advancements, including microbial-enhanced oil recovery, soil and water cleanup, and heavy metal removal, are discussed. Optimizing biosurfactant production is also explored, offering a green and effective solution to combat hydrocarbon contamination and promote environmental restoration.
A Study on Design, Development and Implementation of MOOCs by Faculty Members in Central Universities of India: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Purkayastha Nilanjana , Sinha Manoj Kumar
Published: November 2023

Technology is a promising development in education, allowing learning materials to be accessed anytime and anywhere, providing a global learning environment. MOOCs, Massive Open Online Courses, are designed to support unlimited participation of teacher/instructor and learner. Thousands of people can access knowledge disseminated across the globe through MOOCs, which can offer a solution to those who might have a problem limiting or compromising access to the traditional way of formal learning. Purpose: With the new education policy of having a virtual university, the creation of e-content and making them available on digital platforms, the Government of India has taken a step to modernize the education system of India. The creation of MOOCs platform Swayam is a very new initiative taken by the Government of India to promote online learning and offer quality education to people’s doorstep. UGC has urged all the universities to adopt online courses available on the Swayam platform and to motivate faculties to design and deliver MOOCs. The present study investigated the growth of MOOCs at the Swayam platform, and the involvement of Central University (CU) faculty in the design, development and implementation of MOOCs. Methodology: A census survey is conducted among the faculty of Central University, particularly those offering a MOOCs on the Swayam platform. The researchers used the Google Form platform to disseminate the questionnaires and collect responses. Findings: The findings of the study showed the existence of a total of 26 Central University faculty members offering MOOCs on the Swayam platform. Institutional Reputation, Creating National Identity and personal Interest are the factors motivating the design and delivery of MOOCs. The study also revealed the key factors required for designing MOOCs including support from the Institution, Hardware/Software Resources, Time for Designing MOOCs, Availability of Contents (OERs), Learning Contents for the Course, Instructor’s Role, Duration of the Course, Objectives of the Course and Pedagogical Approaches. Lack of Infrastructure is the most common problem faced by the faculty while designing MOOCs. Originality: The study is an original research work conducted using an online questionnaire, and the results drawn are based on the data received from the respondents.
Klasterisasi Spasial dan Penggunaan Lahan Wilayah Peri Urban Lowokwaru Kota Malang
Authors: Bahrudin Muhammad Luthfi , Wagistina Satti , Masruroh Heni , Astuti Ike Sari
Published: November 2023

The increase in population and limited number of urban land have encouraged land use changes towards the edge of the city /peri urban area due to the increasingly congested conditions of the city. The research aims to classify peri urban saptial cluster based on the proportion of built-up and non-built land and land use of peri urban areas in Lowokwaru, Malang City in 2015–2020. Land use change analysis of the Lowokwaru peri urban area using a quantitative approach. Data processing using ArcGIS with digitization techniques on built and non-built land use in 2015 and 2020. As a result of digitization in 2015, the area of built-up land was 16.6 km² and non-built land was 6.5 km². In 2020, there was a change in the use of built-up land which increased and the shrinking of non-built land area of 0.0009 km² or by 4.9 percent. Landuse change of unbuilt land are turning into land use for settlements, industry, etc. Land use changes that occur result in changes in zones or spatial clusters of urban elves Lowokwaru. These results show that the Lowokwaru peri urban area has a spatial cluster/zone in the form of Fringe, Outer fringe, Urban shadow zone.

Pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan terbatasnya jumlah lahan perkotaan mendorong terjadinya perubahan penggunaan lahan ke arah area tepi kota/peri urban dikarenakan kondisi pusat kota yang semakin padat. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengklasifikasikan klaster Wilayah peri urban berdasarkan proporsi lahan terbangun dan non-terbangun dan penggunaan lahan wilayah peri urban Lowokwaru Kota Malang tahun 2015–2020. Analisis perubahan penggunaan lahan wilayah peri urban Lowokwaru dilakukanmenggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengolahan data menggunakan Arc GIS dengan teknik digitasi pada penggunaan lahan terbangun dan non-terbangun tahun 2015 dan 2020. Hasil digitasi tahun 2015 luas lahan terbangun seluas 16,6 km² dan lahan non-terbangun seluas 6,5 km². Tahun 2020 ditemui perubahan pengggunaan lahan terbangun yang bertambah dan menyusutnya luas lahan non-terbangun seluas 0,0009 km² atau sebesar 4,9 persen. Perubahan penggunaan lahan non-terbangun beralih menjadi pemanfaatan lahan untuk permukiman, industri, pendidikan, perdagangan, dan jasa. Perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi berakibat pada berubahnya zona atau klaster spasial peri urban Lowokwaru. Dari hasil tersebut didapaati wilayah peri urban Lowokwaru memiliki klaster spasial/zona berupa Fringe, Outer fringe, Urban shadow zone.
Pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa di SMPN 1 Kasreman
Authors: Syukuri Aisyah Dewi , Purnomo Agus , Wiradimadja Agung
Published: November 2023

As an educator, a teacher must master competencies, one of which is pedagogical competence. Pedagogical competence is helpful in understanding students and managing learning, starting from planning, implementing, and evaluating learning. The importance of the pedagogical competence of social studies teachers in managing learning can improve students' social studies learning outcomes. The research objective is to analyze the effect of pedagogical competence on improving social studies learning outcomes of students at SMPN 1 Kasreman. The research method used a quantitative design with an experimental research type. Data analysis used simple linear regression. The determination of respondents used probability sampling techniques, namely stratified random sampling. The research instrument used online questionnaires through Google Forms. The results showed that Ha could be accepted, meaning that pedagogical competence positively and significantly improved social studies learning outcomes. This means that the higher the pedagogical competence, the higher the students’ learning outcomes. Based on the limited research on cognitive aspects of learning outcomes, the researcher recommends that future researchers investigate the effect of pedagogical competence on the affective and psychomotor aspects of student learning outcomes.

Guru sebagai seorang pendidik harus menguasai kompetensi, salah satunya ialah kompetensi pedagogik. Kompetensi pedagogik berguna dalam memahami siswa dan mengelola pembelajaran mulai dari merencanakan, melaksanakan serta mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Pentingnya kompetensi pedagogik guru IPS dalam mengelola pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS siswa di SMPN 1 Kasreman. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier sederhana. Penentuan responden memakai teknik stratified random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang dipakai adalah kuesioner online melalui google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ha dapat diterima, artinya kompetensi pedagogik guru berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Maknanya semakin tinggi kompetensi pedagogik maka semakin tinggi pula hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang terbatas pada hasil belajar aspek kognitif, maka peneliti merekomendasikan kepada peneliti selanjutnya untuk mengkaji pengaruh kompetensi pedagogik terhadap hasil belajar aspek afektif dan psikomotorik siswa.
Parafia św.św. Piotra i Pawła w Spring Valley i jej duszpasterze w latach 1891-1920 na łamach „Dziennika Chicagoskiego”
Authors: Szymański Józef
Published: November 2023

Parafia Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła w Spring Valley, Ill., została założona 30 września 1891 r., a nowo wybudowany drewniany kościół został poświęcony 14 sierpnia 1892 r. Na początku do tej parafii należało około 200 rodzin Polaków i Litwinów. Po kilku latach Litwini wznieśli własny kościół. W 1901 r. Polacy wybudowali szkołę i plebanię. 17 grudnia 1906 r. pożar doszczętnie zniszczył świątynię. Ocalała plebania i szkoła. Przez rok nabożeństwa odprawiano w prywatnym budynku. Budowę nowego murowanego kościoła rozpoczęto w 1908 r., jego budowniczy, ks. Hieronim W. Błażyński złożony chorobą zmarł tego samego roku. Od 13 marca 1909 r. budowę kontynuował ks. Józef Cieśla. W krótkim czasie zdołał świątynię dokończyć i wyposażyć ołtarzami, ozdobić witrażami i zapełnić ławkami na pięćset miejsc. Poświęcenie nowego kościoła odbyło się 29 czerwca 1909 r. Przy parafii prowadzona była szkoła, w której blisko 200 dzieci uczyły siostry franciszkanki. Konsekracja kościoła miała miejsce 31 maja 1920 r.

W tym okresie w parafii pracowali księża: Sikorski, Wałajtys, Łopata, Tonello, Mączyński i Balcewicz. Pierwszym proboszczem, od roku 1894 był ks. Julian Papoń, następnie od 1897 r. – ks. Michał Peża, od 1900 r. – ks. Antoni Drewnicki, od 1903 r. – ks. Marcin Piechota, od 1908 r. – ks. Hieronim Błażyński i od 1909 r. – ks. Józef Cieśla.
Richard C. Lukas, The Torpedo Season: Growing Up During World War II, Las Vegas, NV, 2021
Authors: Grondelski John M.
Published: November 2023

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Potencjał współczesnego oddziaływania Emigracyjnego Brygadowego Koła Młodych „Pogoń”
Authors: Zapart Robert
Published: November 2023

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy idei stojących u podstaw funkcjonowania zaplecza wojskowego władz RP na uchodźstwie po zakończeniu II wojny światowej na przykładzie Brygadowego Koła Młodych „Pogoń” i ewentualną użyteczność jego doświadczeń w obliczu współczesnych wyzwań i zagrożeń dla systemu bezpieczeństwa państwa. Szczególnie pomocna w rozważaniach była analiza treści materiałów źródłowych oraz metoda porównawcza, które pozwoliły zweryfikować tezę o ograniczonych możliwościach osiągnięcia pełnego sukcesu w tym zakresie. Nie oznacza to jednak, że koncepcja zbudowania międzypokoleniowego pomostu, w ramach którego następuje przekazanie współcześnie działającym w systemie bezpieczeństwa państwa organizacjom pozarządowym doświadczeń przymusowego wychodźstwa, nie może skutecznie wspierać procesu kształtowania w kolejnych pokoleniach odpowiedzialności za niepodległość państwa. W konkluzjach autor nie wyklucza ich wykorzystania przez inne, zmuszone z powodów politycznych do czasowego opuszczenia własnego kraju, środowiska emigracyjne.
Ku filozofii dziedzictwa wielokulturowego Śląska
Authors: Golowska Marta
Published: November 2023

W artykule została przedstawiona sytuacja prawna mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wielokulturowego Śląska, na podstawie Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i ustawy z dnia 6 stycznia 2005 r. o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych oraz o języku regionalnym. Celem opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy Ślązacy mogą być uznani za mniejszość etniczną? Dokonano analizy pojęcia dziedzictwa narodowego i kulturowego, identyfikując ich związek z tożsamością. Tożsamość Śląska przejawia się poprzez zachowanie własnej kultury, tradycji i języka, co jest istotną oznaką śląskości. Społeczność Śląska posiada odrębną tożsamość kulturową, ale nie jest objęta ustawą o mniejszościach narodowych i etnicznych, co pozbawia ją podstawowych gwarancji prawnych dla mniejszości.
Candidiasis vulvovaginal y vulvovaginitis en mujeres en edad reproductiva en Colombia, según el Sistema Integrado de Información de la Protección Social
Authors: Rodríguez Sáenz Ana Yervid , Vargas Torres Ludy Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Las infecciones vaginales siguen siendo la primera causa de visita ginecológica en el mundo, y las causadas por hongos han incrementado su frecuencia en mujeres en edad reproductiva. El objetivo es determinar la prevalencia de candidiasis vulvovaginal y vulvovaginitis en mujeres colombianas en edad reproductiva, de 2015 a 2019. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, que utiliza los datos disponibles en el componente de Registro Individual de Prestación de Servicios del Sistema Integrado de Información de Protección Social del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. En Colombia en el periodo comprendido entre el primero de enero de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2019 se atendieron 2.384.164 mujeres en edad reproductiva de 15 a 49 años por casos de candidiasis vulvovaginal y vulvovaginitis, estimándose una prevalencia nacional de 18,6 por cada 100 mujeres en edad reproductiva, con mayor proporción de prevalencia en los departamentos de Córdoba, Huila, Cauca, Cesar y Nariño. La prevalencia estimada se encuentra dentro del promedio de los países de América Latina y representa una gran amenaza para la salud reproductiva; de ahí la necesidad de tomar las medidas correspondientes para evitar factores de riesgo y disminuir los casos en mujeres en edad reproductiva.
Work-life condition of health work force during COVID-19: A study based on literature review
Authors: Hoque Mohammad Kibria  Anamul , Chandhok Anil , Sunny Khaled Kalam
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 epidemic is proving to be an unparalleled disaster in all facets, including health, sociological, economic, and financial. Aside from the fact that it may have a substantial influence on their health and well-being, health practitioners all over the world have risen to the challenge of treating COVID-19 patients. The primary goal of this research is to examine and evaluate the work-life balance of healthcare personnel during pandemics. This study conducted a systematic evaluation to determine the current situation of health workforces and to assess the impact of COVID-19 on health workforces. This paper began with 70 article reviews. A brief evaluation of 70 publications, 30 articles were chosen for the research based on area and analysis. After examining all of the publications, the study has found that the primary causes of depression, burnout, and suicidal thoughts include workload, anxiety, worry for safety, future earning uncertainty, and panic attack, and sleep disturbance, job stress, exhaustion, and dread. These characteristics affect workers' physical and mental well-being. Finally, it has an impact on their work-life balance and service quality. Future studies could include additional publications for better results and a review of other sectors. The government and organizations should provide more training, organizational assistance, support for healthcare practitioners' families, PPE, and mental health services. Regularly monitor the health of the healthcare workers and employ preventative measures. To alleviate work-related stress, higher-level management must recruit extra health personnel.
Cholesteatoma of mastoid process
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia, Semenov F. V. ,   Regional Hospital No 3, Krasnodar, 350007, Russia, Reznikov R. V. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia,   Regional Hospital No 3, Krasnodar, 350007, Russia, Elizbaryan I. S. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia,   Regional Hospital No 3, Krasnodar, 350007, Russia
Published: November 2023

A rare case of recurrent residual cholesteatoma formed in a patient after undergoing open mastoid surgeries on the right ear in childhood.
Conceptualizaciones de deserción y retención escolar según una escuela primaria en Chile
Authors: Mendoza Lira Michelle , Quiroz Muñoz Javiera , Muñoz Pérez Daniela , Contreras Pérez Camila , Ballesta Acevedo Emilio
Published: November 2023

La investigación sobre deserción y retención escolar ha recibido especial atención en la educación secundaria, existiendo experiencias más acotadas en lo que refiere a los primeros años de vida de niños y niñas. En consecuencia, el presente estudio buscó analizar las conceptualizaciones, factores y estrategias para trabajar la deserción y retención escolar en este nivel, bajo el enfoque de un estudio de caso. Se eligió la Escuela UNESCO, institución pública que solo entrega enseñanza primaria y se caracteriza por los altos niveles de vulnerabilidad social de sus estudiantes. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas semiestructuradas a distintos actores del establecimiento educativo, las cuales fueron analizadas bajo el modelo de análisis de contenido temático. Los principales hallazgos revelan, por un lado, que la deserción escolar es comprendida como una interrupción, relativamente consciente, de la trayectoria educativa, producto de situaciones de vulnerabilidad. La retención, por su parte, es entendida como la asistencia y participación activa de los estudiantes en su proceso de escolarización. En cuanto a los factores vinculados a la deserción y retención escolar, los resultados revelan la presencia de un amplio abanico de variables socioeducativas que las promueven. Por último, como acciones para la retención escolar, se mencionan, principalmente, el rol de los equipos del Programa de Integración Escolar (PIE), el acompañamiento y orientación en los últimos cursos de enseñanza primaria y el fomento de un ambiente positivo. Los resultados dan cuenta de lo complejo de ambos fenómenos educativos y de la necesidad de más estudios en la materia.
Changes in Tiled Roof Landscape of Jeseoksa Temple Site in Iksan
Authors:   Central Institute of Cultural Heritage, Kim Hwan-Hee
Published: November 2023

This study focused on the fact that the main role of roof tiles is the finishing material of the roof, and looked at the shape of the roof that functions as a series of components by combining large-scale objects in terms of tile roof scenery.
First, the technical and morphological properties of various roof tiles excavated from the site and abandoned ruins were analyzed. In the case of a convex roof-end tile with curved lotus design are prevalent, and they are classified into six types according to detailed properties. A convex roof-end with curved lotus design 1, 3, 5, and 6 were identified in the founding Buddhist temple, and a convex roof-end with curved lotus design 2 to 6 were identified in the re-built Buddhist temple, and individual forms were added or disconnected according to the temple site by period. It was also confirmed that the landscape was drastically changed through a concave roof-end tile appearing in the re-built Buddhist temple. The reasons for this change were understood from the conservative aspect of maintaining the existing style and the innovative aspect of introducing a new style.
Next, the foundation of the Buddhist temple(first half of the 7th century), destruction caused by fire(in 639), and reconstruction of the Buddhist temple(middle of the 7th century) were set as the turning points of change, and the tiled roof scenery of the founding and reconstruction temples was examined. While the founding Buddhist temple forms a landscape with only a convex roof-end tile with curved lotus design, the reconstruction temple newly introduces a concave roof-end tile with honeysuckle arabesque pattern to form a landscape in which the convex roof-end tile and the concave roof-end tile become a set. In particular, it was confirmed that there are differences in tiled roof scenery depending on the nature and hierarchy of the building in the re-built Buddhist temple, as a convex roof-end tile with curved lotus design 3 and a concave roof-end tile with honeysuckle arabesque design were concentrated in the central main building of the Buddhist temple.
Finally, the standard of roof tiles was calculated to estimate the coupling method and degree. It was confirmed that a concave roof-end(concave tile) was combined with a convex roof-end tile with the center exposed by about half. As a result of examining the standardization and arrangement of roof tiles, it was estimated that the two-piece connection method was used.
Hepatic venous pressure gradient in hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shalaby Sarah , Burra Patrizia , Senzolo Marco
Published: November 2023

Liver transplantation is considered the gold standard for curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis, but limited organ availability and high costs necessitate alternative options. Hepatic resection (HR) is preferred for select patients, providing tumor removal and prognostic information. However, HR has been associated with life-threatening complications, especially in the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). Current guidelines recommend HR only for patients with well-preserved liver function, normal bilirubin levels, good performance status, and no CSPH. However, advancements in surgical techniques and portal hypertension management are challenging these guidelines, potentially allowing the consideration of hepatic resection for HCC in cirrhotic patients with CSPH. Indeed, minimally invasive approaches improve safety and outcomes for selected CSPH patients and accurate assessment of CSPH allows risk stratification according to liver function, tumor location, and extent of resection. Thus, despite the negative impact of CSPH on HR outcomes, careful patient selection and minimally invasive techniques expand the potential for HR in CSPH patients. This comprehensive review examines the evidence on HR in HCC treatment for cirrhotic patients with CSPH, highlighting challenges in surgical decision-making, the importance of direct measurement of hepatic venous pressure gradient, and exploring the benefits and risks associated with HR. Moreover, it underscores the need for refined prediction models and algorithms to optimize patient selection and enhance surgical outcomes.
Thermal, Spectroscopy, and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Polymers and Reinforcements: A Green Approach
Authors: Melo dos Santos João J. , Sabino da Silva Evanimek B. , Paskocimas Carlos A.
Published: November 2023

Biocomposite membranes based on polylactic acid (PLA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were developed using a scientific approach. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as a polymerization ini-tiator, while tin octoate (Sn(Oct)2) and triphenylphosphane (P(C6H5)3) were used as catalysts. A torque rheometer was used to mix the components of the biocomposite, and thin films was prepared by solvent casting. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the coupling between the PLA and CNCs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the CNCs were well-dispersed in the PLA matrix with an unimodal particle size distribution and a maximum particle size of around 200 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calo-rimetry (DSC) analysis demonstrated good thermal stability and improved biodegradability of the biocomposite membrane compared to pure PLA. Mechanical characterization showed a Young's modulus of 1.65 GPa, which is comparable to that of other composite materials, and a maximum tensile strength of 20.31 MPa, which is higher than that of pure PLA. These results suggest that the developed biocomposite membrane has potential applications in water filtration, food packaging, and biomedical devices.
CLEAR: Pilot Testing of a Tool to Standardize Assessment of the Quality of Health Information Generated by Artificial Intelligence-Based Models
Authors: Sallam Malik , Barakat Muna , Sallam Mohammed
Published: November 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based conversational models, such as ChatGPT, Microsoft Bing, and Google Bard, emerged as valuable sources of health information for the lay individuals. However, the accuracy of information provided by these AI models remains a significant concern. This pilot study aimed to test a new tool referred to as “CLEAR”, designed to assess the quality of health information delivered by AI-based models. Tool development involved a literature review on health information quality, followed by initial establishment of the CLEAR tool comprising five items that aimed to assess the following: completeness of content in response to the prompt, lack of false information, evidence support, appropriateness, and relevance of the generated content. Each item was scored on a 5-point Likert scale from excellent to poor. Content validity was checked by expert review of the initial items. Pilot testing involved 32 healthcare professionals using the CLEAR tool to assess content on eight different health topics deliberately designed with varying qualities. The internal consistency was checked using the Cronbach α. Feedback through the pilot test resulted in language modifications to improve the clarity of the items. The final CLEAR tool was used to assess health information quality generated through four different AI-based models in five different, yet common health topics. The AI models were ChatGPT 3.5, ChatGPT 4, Bing, and Bard, and the content generated was scored by two independent raters with Cohen κ to assess the inter-rater agreement. The final five CLEAR items were: (1) Is the content sufficient? (2) Is the content accurate? (3) Is the content evidence-based? (4) Is the content clear, concise, and easy to understand? and (5) Is the content free from irrelevant information? Pilot testing using the eight different health topics revealed an acceptable internal consistency with a Cronbach α range of 0.669–0.981. The use of the final CLEAR tool yielded the following average scores: Bing (mean=24.4±0.42), ChatGPT-4 (mean=23.6±0.96), Bard (mean=21.2±1.79), and ChatGPT-3.5 (mean=20.6±5.20). The inter-rater agreement revealed the following Cohen κ values: for ChatGPT-3.5 (κ=0.875, P<.001), ChatGPT-4 (κ=0.780, P<.001), Bing (κ=0.348, P=.037), and Bard (κ=.749, P<.001). The CLEAR tool is a brief yet helpful tool that can aid to standardize testing of the quality of health information generated by the AI-based conversational models. Future studies are recommended to validate the utility of the CLEAR tool to assess the quality of the AI-generated health-related content using a larger sample across various complex health topics.
Food Selectivity in Juvenile Three-Spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. at Nursery Grounds in the White Sea
Authors: Genelt-Yanovskaya Anna S. , Genelt-Yanovskiy Evgeny A. , Polyakova Natalia V. , Ivanov Mikhail V. , Ivanova Tatiana S. , Lajus Dmitry L.
Published: November 2023

The spatial and temporal variability in dietary preferences of juvenile three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, was studied across typical coastal habitats of Keret Archipelago, Kandalaksha Bay, the White Sea. Sampling of fish using beach seine was implemented in late July-early August and in late August, and zooplankton samples were collected to make a quantitative evaluation of abundance of potential prey items. Similarity Percentage (SIMPER) analysis implemented over the data obtained from stomach content analysis revealed five planktonic taxa mostly contributing to the diet of juvenile sticklebacks, of which copepod Temora longicornis was the most important prey item at marine sites, while Acartia longiremis prevailed in diet of fishes in marine lagoon. Calculation of selectivity index demonstrated that some taxa (e.g., A. longiremis) were always avoided by juvenile fishes, others (e.g. Microsetella norvegica) were firstly avoided and then selected in late August. Calculation of selectivity index was implemented per sample and per individual fish indicated that taxa like T. longicornis and were selected during the whole period of study, fishes demonstrated pronounced individual variation in prey selectivity. In general, data on selectivity indicated that despite juvenile sticklebacks feed on mostly available prey items, they can demonstrate taxonomic and size-specific prey selectivity.
Pirfenidone Prevents the Onset of Heart Fibrosis during Chronic Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Silva Tatiana Araújo , Thomas Diane , Siqueira-Neto Jair Lage , Calvet Claudia Magalhaes
Published: November 2023

Cardiac fibrosis is a severe outcome of Chagas disease (CD), caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Clinical evidence revealed a correlation between fibrosis levels with impaired cardiac performance in CD patients. Therefore, we sought to analyze the effect of inhibitors of TGF- (pirfenidone), p38-MAPK (losmapimod) and c-Jun (SP600125) on the modulation of collagen deposition in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and in vivo models of T. cruzi chronic infection. Sirius Red/Fast green dye was used to quantify both collagen expression and total protein amount, assessing cytotoxicity. The compounds were also used to treat C57/Bl6 mice chronically infected with T. cruzi, Brazil strain. We identified an anti-fibrotic effect in vitro for pirfenidone (TGF-β inhibitor, IC50 114.3 μM), losmapimod (p38 inhibitor, IC50 17.6 μM) and SP600125 (c-Jun inhibitor, IC50 3.9 μM). This effect is independent of CF proliferation since these compounds do not affect T. cruzi-induced host cell multiplication as measured by BrdU incorporation. Assays of chronic infection of mice with T. cruzi have shown a reduction in heart collagen by pirfenidone. These results propose a novel approach to fibrosis therapy in CD, with the prospect of repurposing pirfenidone to prevent the onset of ECM accumulation in the heart of the patients.
Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Irradiated by Helium Plasma
Authors: Kengesbekov Aidar , Rakhadilov Bauyrzhan , Satbaeva Zarina
Published: November 2023

The paper presents the results of the study of tungsten surface structure modification under helium plasma irradiation. It is revealed that during irradiation of samples, surface modification in the form of relief development as a result of irradiation is observed. X-ray phase analysis showed that no new phases of the W system were found after irradiation, only an increase in the intensity of diffraction lines was observed. There are significant differences in the microstructure of tungsten depending on the temperature of helium plasma irradiation in the above range. It is assumed that the cause of defects is the extremely low solubility of helium in tungsten. Metallographic analysis has shown that at irradiation of tungsten samples in regime 5 and 6 the degree of relief development is not high in comparison with the tungsten sample irradiated in regime 4. The greatest increase in roughness of the sample irradiated in regime 5 was determined, which is associated with the formation of small cracks, blisters and pores in the surface layer. At the same time, in the samples irradiated in regime 6, the surface of which is characterized by chaotically located protrusions and depressions of various shapes, the roughness parameter Ra was 0.0603 µm. It was found that at temperature regimes T = 1200 °C and T = 1500 °C the microhardness of tungsten increases by 11% and 10% respectively.
Development of An Effective Corruption-Related Scenario-Based Testing Approach for Robustness Verification and Enhancement of Perception Systems in Autonomous Driving
Authors: Hsiang Huang , Chen Yung-Yuan
Published: November 2023

Since sensor-based perception systems are used in autonomous vehicle applications, validating such systems is imperative to guarantee the robustness of the systems before they are being put to use. In this study, a comprehensive corruption-related simulation-based robustness verification and enhancement process for sensor-based perception systems is proposed. Firstly, we present a methodology and scenario-based corruption generation tools for creating diverse simulated test scenarios that can analogously represent real-world traffic environments, especially considering corruption types related to safety concern. Then, an effective corruption similarity filtering algorithm is proposed to remove corruption types with high similarity and identify the representative corruption types to represent all considered corruption types. As a result, we can generate efficient corruption-related robustness test scenarios with less testing time and good scenario coverage. Subsequently, we perform the vulnerability analysis of object detection models to identify model weaknesses and construct an effective training dataset for model vulnerability enhancement. This enhances the tolerance of object detection models to weather and noise-related corruptions, ultimately improving the robustness of the perception system. We employ case studies to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed robustness verification and enhancement procedures. Additionally, we explore the impact of different "similarity overlap threshold" parameter settings on scenario coverage, effectiveness, scenario complexity (size of training and testing datasets), and time costs.
Factors Contributing to Mosquito-Borne Disease: A Systematic Review in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region
Authors: Al-Manji Abdullah , Wirayuda Anak Agung Bagus , Eltayib Rawaa Abubakr Abuelgassim , Al-Azri Mohammed , Chan And Moon Fai
Published: November 2023

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are a group of illnesses transmitted by mosquitoes and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. These diseases represent a significant global burden of infectious diseases, including morbidity and mortality. This systematic review delves into the multifaceted factors contributing to the spread of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough analysis of peer-reviewed articles from May 1990 to Jan 2023 was conducted, highlighting the interplay of population, environmental, disease, and mosquito factors in disease transmission and prevalence. The review incorporated 31 studies that revealed a complex relationship between various risk factors and the presence of MBDs. Significant associations were observed with age, certain occupations, environmental conditions such as rainfall and temperature, sanitation practices, specific pathogen variants, clinical symptoms, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Conversely, gender, socioeconomic status, educational status, and certain sanitation-related factors showed inconsistent association with the spread of MBDs. The review underscores the need for targeted interventions, including vector control, improved sanitation, and educational campaigns to mitigate the spread of MBDs in the MENA region. This review could guide research studies to address data gaps and assist in developing effective surveillance programs in the MENA region. This work emphasizes the need for region-specific public health strategies and further research to understand and curb the burden of these diseases effectively.
Undesired Operating Points and Hardware Trojans in High-Speed Operational Amplifier Microcircuits
Authors: Prokopenko Nikolay , Bugakova Anna , Zhuk Alexey
Published: November 2023

The classification of Trojans in modern analog microcircuits is considered. Using high-speed operational amplifiers (Op-Amps) as an example, the relationship between Op-Amp circuit design and the formation of undesirable states in typical switching circuits is shown. Circuit solutions are proposed to minimize the Trojan states of high-speed Op-Amps. These include limiting the maximum output currents of the input stages of the Op-Amp during the transient process and the use of differentiating transient correction circuits in the Op-Amp.
A Lac Repressor Inducible Baculovirus Expression Vector for Controlling Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Ratios
Authors: Slack Jeffrey , Nguyen Christopher , Ibe-Enwo Amanda
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The baculovirus expression vector (BEV) system is an efficient, cost effective and scalable method to produce recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) gene therapy vectors. Most BEV designs emulate the wild type AAV transcriptome and translate the AAV capsid proteins, VP1, VP2 and VP3 from a single mRNA transcript with three overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). Non-canonical translation initiation codons for VP1 and VP2 reduce their abundances relative to VP3. Changing capsid ratios to improve rAAV vector efficacy requires theoretical modification of translational context. We have made a Lac repressor inducible system to empirically regulate expression of VP1 and VP2 proteins relative to VP3 in the context of the BEV. We demonstrate the use of this system to tune the abundance, titer and potency of a neurospecific rAAV9 serotype derivative. VP1:VP2:VP3 ratios of 1:1:8 gave optimal potency for this rAAV. It was discovered that ratios of capsid proteins expressed were different than ratios that ultimately were in purified capsids. Over expressed VP1 did not become incorporated into capsids while over expressed VP2 did. Overabundance of VP2 correlated with reduced rAAV titers. This work demonstrates a novel technology for controlling production of rAAV in the BEV system and shows a new perspective on the biology of rAAV capsid assembly.
Similar Patterns of Dysautonomia in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue and Post-COVID-19 Syndromes
Authors: Ryabkova Varvara Aleksandrovna , Rubinskiy Artemiy Vladimirovich , Marchenko Valeriy Nikolaevich , Trofimov Vasiliy Ivanovich , Churilov Leonid Pavlovich
Published: November 2023

Background
There is a considerable overlap between clinical presentation of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) . Many of their common symptoms can be linked to dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system (dysautonomia). This study aimed to objectively assess autonomic function in patients with PCC and in patients with ME/CFS whose disease was not related to COVID-19.
Methods
Synchronous recordings of an electrocardiogram, continuous dynamics of blood pressure in the digital artery using the Penaz method and ultrasound pneumotachography with the spirography function were obtained with spiroarteriocardiorhythmography method in 34 patients diagnosed with ME/CFS, in whom the onset of the disease was not associated with COVID-19, 29 patients meeting PCC definition and 32 healthy controls. Heart rate variability (HRV), systolic and diastolic blood pressure variability (RV), respiration variability were assessed at rest and in tests with fixed respiratory rates. At rest, indicators of baroreflex regulation were additionally determined (baroreflex effectiveness index and baroreflex sensitivity).
Results
The total power, power of very low frequency, low-frequency and high-frequency of RR interval variability at rest as well as baroreflex effectiveness index in up-ramps of arterial blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity were significantly lower both in PCC and ME/CFS patients compared to HC. Several diagnostic prediction models for ME/CFS were developed based on HRV parameters. During slow breathing HRV parameters return to normal in PCC, but not in ME/CFS. Correlation analysis revealed a close relationship of HRV, RV parameters and baroreflex sensitivity with fatigue, but not with HADS depressive/anxiety symptoms in ME/CFS and PCC.
Conclusion
A similar pattern of HRV and baroreflex failure with signs of a pathological acceleration of age-dependant dysautonomia was identified in ME/CFS and PCC. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these findings are discussed, in light of previously described relationship between inflammation, vascular pathology, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and autonomic dysfunction.
The Role of the Energy Sector in Contributing to Sustainability Development Goals: A Text Mining Analysis of Literature
Authors: Carvalho Luísa Cagica , Santos Márcia R. C.
Published: November 2023

This text mining study delves into the multifaceted contributions of the energy sector to the Sus-tainable Development Goals (SDGs). By analyzing a wide range of academic literature, we un-cover key themes, trends, and challenges shaping the intersection of energy and sustainability. The findings reveal that the energy sector plays a pivotal role in achieving SDGs such as affordable and clean energy (SDG 7) and climate action (SDG 13). Critical issues encompass governance, policy frameworks, and technological innovations. This research underscores the need for inter-disciplinary collaboration and holistic approaches in addressing complex energy-related sus-tainability challenges. The insights derived here provide guidance to policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders seeking to harness the energy sector's potential for a more sustainable and eq-uitable future.
Chemodiversity and Antimicrobial Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils
Authors: Ammar Hajer , M’Rabet Yassine , Hassan Sawsan , Chahine Mireille , De Haro-Marti Mario , Soufan Walid , Andres Sonia , López Secundino , Hosni Karim
Published: November 2023

The leaf essential oils from five Eucalyptus spp.: E. astringens, E. camaldulensis, E. lehmanii, E. leucoxylon and E. sideroxylon growing in the same plantation area and conditions (plants with the same age and subjected to the same agronomic practices) were analyzed and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The essential oil yields ranged from 0.14 to 0.96% (w/w), and their chromatographic profiles were resolved into 48 compounds; among them, 11 were common to all essential oils. Terpenoids (oxygenated mono, and sesquiterpenes) dominated (55.66-76.67%) the oil profiles. Although 1,8-cineole (21.97-50.93%) was found as the main oxygenated monoterpene in all examined essential oils, principal component analysis observed and confirmed an interspecific chemical variability. Additionally, a set of distinctive chemical markers that could serve as a reliable tool for discrimination of Eucalyptus species and for authentication and quality control purposes (for commercial samples) has been defined for each essential oil. The antimicrobial disc-diffusion assay results revealed that all essential oils were endowed with a strong antimicrobial activity, with those derived from E. camaldulensis, E. lehmanii and E. leucoxylon being the most active.
TitleBiological Effects of “Inflammageing” on Human Oral Cells: Insights into a Potential Confounder of Age-Related Diseases
Authors: Alexakou Elli , Bakopoulou Athina , Apatzidou Danae A , Kritis Aristeidis , Malousi Andigoni , Anastassiadou Vassiliki
Published: November 2023

Objectives: The term "inflammageing” describes the process of inflammation-induced aging that leads living cells to a state of permanent cell cycle arrest due to chronic antigenic irritation. This in vitro study aimed to shed light on the mechanisms of “inflammageing” on human oral cells.
Methods: Primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) were exposed to variable pro-inflammatory stimuli, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFa), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from active periodontal pockets of systemically healthy patients. Inflammageing was studied through two experimental models, employing either late-passage (“aged”) cells (p.10) that were exposed to the pro-inflammatory stimuli or early-passage (“young”) cells (p.1) continuously exposed during a period of several passages (up to p.10) to the above-mentioned stimuli. Cells were evaluated for the expression of beta-galactosidase activity (histochemical staining), senescence-associated genes (qPCR analysis), and biomarkers related to a Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), through proteome profile analysis and bioinformatics.
Results: A significant increase (p<0.05) of beta-galactosidase-positive cells was observed after exposure to each pro-inflammatory stimulus. The senescence-associated gene expression included upregulation for CCND1 and downregulation for SUSD6, and STAG1, a profile typical for cellular senescence. Overall, pro-inflammatory priming of late-passage cells caused more pronounced effects in terms of senescence, than long-term exposure of early-passage cells to these stimuli. Proteomic analysis showed induction of SASP, evidenced by upregulation of several pro-inflammatory proteins (IL-6, IL-10, IL-16, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, M-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, TNFb, sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII, TIMP-2) implicated in cellular aging and immune responses. The least potent impact on the induction of SASP was provoked by LPS and the most pronounced by GCF.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that long-term exposure of hGFs to various pro-inflammatory signals induced or accelerated cellular senescence with the most pronounced impact noted for the late-passage cells. The outcome of this analyses provides insights into oral chronic inflammation, as a potential confounder of age-related diseases.
Ethnomedicinal Uses, Geographical Distribution, Botanical Description, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd.: A Review
Authors: Feng Jiaxin , Xia Guangqing , Zhu Junyi , Li Li , Zang Hao
Published: November 2023

Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. (L. bulbifera) is a significant plant belonging to the Laportea genus. It has been traditionally used in ethnomedicine to treat various conditions such as rheumatic arthralgia, fractures, falling injuries, nephritis dropsy, limb numbness, pruritus, fatigue-induced internal imbalances, and irregular menstruation. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed its therapeutic potential, as it exhibits anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, analgesic, and anti-rheumatoid arthritis properties. In order to gather in-depth information on L. bulbifera, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and CNKI. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of L. bulbifera by covering various aspects, including ethnomedicinal uses, geographical distribution, botanical description, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and quality control. By doing so, this review intends to lay a strong foundation and propose new research avenues for the exploration and development of potential applications of L. bulbifera. Thus far, a total of 189 compounds have been isolated and identified from L. bulbifera. These compounds include flavonoids, phenolics, nitrogen compounds, steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids and their derivatives, and other compounds. Notably, flavonoids and fatty acids in L. bulbifera have demonstrated remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, these compounds show promising potential in activities such as analgesia, hypoglycemia, and hypolipidemia, as well as toxicity. Despite the extensive fundamental studies conducted on L. bulbifera, further research is still needed to enhance our understanding of its credible mechanism of action and improve its quality control. This necessitates more comprehensive investigations to explore the specific material basis, uncover new mechanisms of action, and refine the quality control methods related to L. bulbifera. By doing so, we could contribute to the further development and utilization of this plant.