bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADIÇÃO DE HIDROXITOLUENO BUTILADO (BHT) NO DILUIDOR ACP-106c PARA CONGELAÇÃO DE SÊMEN CANINO
Authors: Silva Herlon Victor Rodrigues , Nunes Thalles Gothardo Pereira , Mota Filho Antônio Cavalcante , Pinto José Nicodemos , Silva Alexandre Rodrigues , Silva Lúcia Daniel Machado da
Published: July 2018

Resumo: Este estudo foi realizado para determinar o efeito de hidroxitolueno butilado (BHT) sobre a qualidade do sêmen canino congelado e descongelado, utilizando o diluidor à base de água de coco em pó (ACP-106c). Para tanto, foram realizadas quinze coletas de sêmen provenientes de cinco cães. O sêmen obtido foi diluído em ACP-106c acrescido de glicerol e gema de ovo. As amostras foram então transferidas para tubos contendo diferentes concentrações de BHT (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mM). Em seguida, as amostras foram envasadas, congeladas e armazenadas em nitrogênio líquido. O sêmen coletado foi avaliado in natura quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: coloração, volume da fração espermática, motilidade total, vigor, concentração, morfologia e funcionalidade de membrana espermática. Após uma semana, as amostras foram descongeladas e avaliadas por meio de análise computadorizada, como também foram realizadas análises da funcionalidade de membrana e da morfologia espermática. A motilidade progressiva no grupo BHT 2,0 mM foi significativamente superior (P < 0,05) do que a do grupo BHT 0 mM (27,6 ± 11,7% vs. 19,0 ± 9,5%, respectivamente). Em todos os demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve diferença entre os grupos testados. Portanto, conclui-se que a adição do BHT ao diluidor ACP-106c não afetou a qualidade do sêmen canino pós-descongelação.
O programa de aceleração do crescimento no estado da Bahia e os desafios da universalização do saneamento básico
Authors: Cunha Mateus Almeida , Borja Patrícia Campos
Published: July 2018

Resumo A universalização do saneamento básico no Brasil é um desafio diante do deficit e das desigualdades de acesso. A partir do início dos anos 2000, houve uma mudança no cenário nacional, com a ampliação de recursos, a melhoria da capacidade institucional e a definição de marco legal. Porém, não houve uma avaliação das ações, principalmente do PAC Saneamento. O presente estudo analisa esse programa na Bahia em relação aos desafios da universalização. A metodologia envolveu pesquisa documental e análise de dados secundários. Constatou-se a inexistência de uma lógica clara na definição dos investimentos do programa. Houve priorização de ações estruturais, especialmente em água e esgoto, em detrimento das estruturantes, essenciais à sustentabilidade das ações. A concepção do programa não dialogou com o perfil do deficit dos serviços. Apesar da ampliação dos investimentos, a lógica de concepção foi sustentada no neodesenvolvimentismo, com a implementação de megaempreendimentos e o estímulo às parcerias público-privadas. O êxito de programas de saneamento implica o protagonismo municipal, a universalização, a integralidade, a adoção de tecnologias apropriadas, a intersetorialidade, a participação e o controle social, princípios que o programa pouco incorporou. O aprofundamento da democracia e a implementação de políticas alinhadas aos direitos humano e social possibilitarão reverter o deficit dos serviços no Brasil.
Uncertainty assessment in hydrodynamic modeling of floods generated by dam break
Authors: Tschiedel Arthur da Fontoura , Paiva Rodrigo Cauduro Dias de
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate sources of uncertainty in dam break simulations for areas with contrasting characteristics: one in a narrow valley with high slopes, and another an open valley with low slopes. A sensitivity analysis of the hydrodynamic model Hec-Ras 5.03 was performed, varying the input data of the model (Manning coefficient, breach configurations, reservoir volume, type of valley topography and equation considered). These variations cause different changes in peak flow, peak time, maximum depth and a maximum speed for different sections of the downstream watercourse. It was concluded that there are uncertainties in determining the input data that impacts in many ways at the generated flood wave, considering both a hydraulic variable of interest, the distance of the section from the dam and the mean geomorphological characteristic of the downstream valley. Topography is not always the most important input data, which allows the possibility of use of low resolution topographies to estimate the peak time in some sections, depending on the valley. Finally, safety coefficients for dam break studies are suggested, aiming to represent uncertainties of the input data in the generated results.
CONSULTAS CIUDADANAS SOBRE REFORMAS EDUCATIVAS: LA PARTICIPACIÓN DE ORGANIZACIONES DE LA SOCIEDAD CIVIL EN ECUADOR Y MÉXICO
Authors: Chediak Rosa García
Published: July 2018

RESUMEN: En el campo de las políticas educativas, la falta de consenso ha demostrado ser crítica para el progreso de las reformas. Debido a esto, en los últimos tiempos se han incorporado instancias de diálogo entre las partes interesadas. México y Ecuador proporcionan ejemplos recientes de consultas ciudadanas aplicadas a las reformas educativas; y de la participación de las OSC en ellas. Este artículo analiza los contextos y características esenciales de estas consultas; las opiniones de las OSC participantes y si estas son tomadas en cuenta en los resultados finales del proceso reformador.
Modelling the effects of sea-level rise and sediment budget in coastal retreat at Hermenegildo Beach, Southern Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Salette Amaral de , Calliari Lauro Julio , Machado Arthur Antonio
Published: July 2018

Abstract Climate change effects such as accelerated sea-level rise, wave climate alteration and disturbances on sediment-budgets are anticipated to lead to a range of adverse impacts in coastal regions around the world. A rise in sea-level is expected to cause shoreline recession, and a sediment deficit can have a similar effect. Since large uncertainties exist in relation to sea-level rise rates and sediment budgets, it is relevant to determine how sensitive the coast is to each of these disturbances. In this context, this paper provides a quantitative evaluation of each of these parameters in terms of modeled coastal recession through risk-based assessments using an aggregated coastal model, the DRanSTM (Dilating Random Shoreface Translation Model). In each separate computer simulation, a sediment budget and a sea-level scenario were set for an erosional coastal stretch: Hermenegildo Beach, Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. Effects of changes in wave climate were not directly considered in this study. However, indirect measures of such changes should be reflected on coastal sediment budgets. Simulation results demonstrate that under present-day sea-level rise rates, sediment deficit exerts control over coastal recession. Conversely, under the higher forecasted sea-level rise for the year 2100, mean shoreline recession will be dictated by sea-level rise, considering historical sediment deficit will be sustained.
First to "Read" the News: New Analytics and Algorithmic Trading
Authors: von Beschwitz Bastian , Keim Donald B. , Massa Massimo
Published: July 2018

Exploiting a unique identification strategy based on inaccurate news analytics, we document a causal effect of news analytics on the market irrespective of the informational content of the news. We show that news analytics speed up the stock price and trading volume response to articles, but reduce liquidity. Inaccurate news analytics lead to small price distortions that are corrected quickly. The market impact of news analytics is greatest for press releases, which are timelier and easier to interpret algorithmically. Furthermore, we provide evidence that high frequency traders rely on the information from news analytics for directional trading on company-specific news.
TÜRKİYE, GÜNEY KORE VE İSRAİL’İN ULUSAL İNOVASYON SİSTEMLERİNİN ANALİZİ VE KIYASLANMASI
Authors: HANCIOĞLU Yasemin , ATAY Özlem
Published: July 2018

21. yüzyılın değişen rekabet paradigması işletmeleri, bölgeleri ve ülkeleri siyasi, sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan etkileri olan yeni bir kavram, inovasyon ile karşı karşıya getirmektedir. İnovasyon süreçlerindeki aktörleri belirleyen, bu aktörler arasındaki ilişkileri düzenleyen ulusal inovasyon sistemi ve inovasyon politikalarının başarı ile uygulanması da ülkelerin küresel düzeydeki rekabette konumlarını belirlemektedir. Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin teknoloji yarışına gelişmiş ülkelerden daha geç başladığı belirtilmektedir. Bununla birlikte yetişme sürecini hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştiren bazı ülkeler gelişmiş ülkelerin inovasyon performansı seviyelerine ulaşabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, inovasyon politikası belirleme çalışmalarına benzer dönemlerde başlayan Türkiye, Güney Kore ve İsrail’in ulusal inovasyon sistemleri ve inovasyon politikaları incelenmiştir. Bu üç ülke arasında yapılan kıyaslama sonucunda, Güney Kore ve İsrail’in teknolojiye yetişme sürecini daha hızlı gerçekleştirdikleri görülmektedir. Türkiye’nin ulusal inovasyon sistemi ve inovasyon politikalarındaki eksiklikler göz önünde bulundurularak, incelenen iki ülkenin başarılı uygulamaları kapsamında öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
OTOBÜS SEKTÖRÜNÜN DEĞER ZİNCİRİ ANALİZİNE YÖNELİK NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ÜRETİM İŞLETMESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Özsungur Fahri
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada otobüs sektörünün
değer zinciri, üretim sektöründe bir işletme üzerinde vaka çalışma yapılarak
belirlenmiştir. Yapılandırılmış sorularla 20 şirket yetkilisi ile mülakat
yapılmış, gözlem ve veri çeşitleme yöntemi ile şirket hakkında detaylı bilgiler
edinilmiştir. Şirketin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri ile fırsat ve tehditler
belirlenmiştir. Değer zinciri analiz yöntemi ile otobüs işletmesinin temel
değer zincirinin petrol ve demir cevheri ile başladığı, plastik ve kauçuk, demir, çelik ve metal ile bu hammaddelerin
üretime doğru ilerlediği, plastik, metal ve elektronik parçaların sistem
tedarikçilerine sevk edildiği, üretimle
birlikte imalatçılardan satıcılara ve nihai tüketiciye doğru bir akış gerçekleştiği
tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmaya konu otobüs işletmesi örneğinde tedarik lojistiği,
operasyon, sevkiyat lojistiği, pazarlama ve satış ile hizmet otobüs işletmesi
değer zincirinde temel faaliyetler olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Tedarik, güvenlik, teknoloji
geliştirme, konfor, insan kaynakları yönetimi ve işletme altyapısı ise destek
sağlama faaliyetleri olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu akış sonucunda kar marjı ve
rekabet gücü ortaya çıkmaktadır.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF UTILIZATION OF ASH AND SLAG WASTE OF TPP (THERMAL POWER PLANT). PART 1
Authors: Podgorodetskii G. S. , Gorbunov V. B. , Agapov E. A. , Erokhov T. V. , Kozlova O. N.
Published: July 2018

The further development of the Russian coal industry, especially in the regions of Siberia and the Far East, in line with the  Energy Strategy, predetermines the need to address the problem of  utilization of ash and slag wastes in newly implemented projects.  The total amount of ash and slag in the ash dumps in Russia is more  than 1.5  billion tons, and the area occupied by fly ash and slag wastes  (FASW) is more than 220 km2. At the same time, the degree of FASW  use does not exceed 10  %. It is shown that the main solutions for the  recycling of the industrial solid waste generated by thermal power  plants are their use in the production of building materials, road construction, or the complex processing of FASW with the extraction  of metals and the production of building mate rials either. Some fly  ash can be used in agriculture. The physicochemical properties of  fly ash and slag wastes and, accordingly, the directions of their use,  as well as the choice of technology, are determined by the mineral  part of the fossil coals and the way they are burned. To use fly ash in  the construction industry, it is necessary to transfer the ash removal  system to the dry method, accompanied, on the one hand, by a large  volume of capital investments in equipment and facilities for storage,  classification, crushing and grinding, the transfer of new physical and  chemical properties to fly ash and slag waste, and on the other side,  an increase in organizational and transport barriers. Examples of proposed technologies for utilization of ash and slag wastes in the form of metal recovery and production of building materials are given. To  obtain iron-containing concentrates, one-stage magnetic separation  is used, but the quality of the concentrate does not meet modern requirements. The most technologically effective for the extraction of  metals from ash and slag wastes are technologies based on flotation  methods. At the same time, it follows from the provided data that  their application can be limited to economic, organizational factors  and the emergence of new environmental risks. The conclusion is  made on the possibility of using the above technologies for existing  coal-fired power plants only with state support.
DIGITAL PROTOTYPES OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE (IN THE CASE OF DRAWING MILLS)
Authors: Kulakov S. M. , Musatova A. I. , Kadykov V. N.
Published: July 2018

A design method of multifunctional digital prototypes of drawing mills performance as an active man-machine system is developed.  The structure of models is determined, including machine drawing time and time of manual operations, equipment coefficients and labor  operations, theoretical, feasible and normative cycles and performance  of man-machine systems. Fragments of tabular implementation of the  proposed integrated normative model of the man-machine system are  given.
THERMODYNAMICS OF OXYGEN SOLUTIONS IN ALUMINUM-CONTAINING Ni – Cr MELTS
Authors: Dashevskii V. Ya. , Alexandrov A. A.
Published: July 2018

Thermodynamic analysis of the effect of aluminum on the solubility of oxygen in Ni – Cr melts has been carried out. Aluminum at  very low levels practically does not affect the concentration of oxygen  in the melt, which is determined by the chromium content. When the  aluminum content is above ~0.01  % for all alloys, it already determines the solubility of oxygen in the melt. The minimum values of  the oxygen concentration are achieved with an aluminum content of  ~0.2  %. With the increase of chromium content in the melt, the minimum oxygen concentration increases. For Ni – 10 % Cr, Ni – 20 %  Cr and Ni – 30 % Cr alloys, it is 2·10–3, 7·10–3 and 10–2, respectively.
Çok Kategorili Madde Tepki Kuramı Modellerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: BÜYÜKKIDIK Serap , ATAR Hakan Yavuz
Published: July 2018

Bu çalışmada Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı ölçeğinin
madde tepki kuramında farklı çok kategorili modellerde model veri uyumu kontrol
edilip, madde parametreleri kestirimleri arasındaki ilişkilerin seçilen modele
göre farklılaşıp- farklılaşmadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırmada 47974 bireyin
verdiği yanıtlar arasından kayıp veriler temizlendikten sonra rastgele seçilen
Amerika Birleşik Devletli 500, 1000 ve 2000 bireyin tek boyutlu dört kategorili
10 maddelik ölçeğe verdiği yanıtlar kullanılmıştır. Genelleştirilmiş Kısmi
Kredi, 1 parametreli lojistik model gibi sınırlandırılmış Genelleştirilmiş
Kısmi Kredi, Kısmi Kredi ve Aşamalı Tepki modeline 500, 1000 ve 2000 kişilik
örneklemlerden elde edilen verilerden elde edilen -2log-olabilirlik, Akaike bilgi ölçütü ve Bayesian bilgi ölçütü model uyum katsayıları incelendiğinde en fazla uyumun her
koşulda aşamalı tepki modeli ile gerçekleştiği bulunmuştur.  Her modelden elde edilen madde parametreleri
arasında manidar yüksek bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.  Farklı modellerden elde edilen bulgulara göre
her üç örneklemden en yüksek ayırt ediciliğe sahip olan maddenin 6. madde, en
az ayırt ediciliğe sahip olan maddenin ise 500 kişilik örneklem için 4. madde,
1000 ve 2000 kişilik örneklemler için ise genelde 8. madde olduğu görülmüştür.
Oyun Tabanlı Öğrenme-Öğretme Yaklaşımının Okul Öncesi Öğrencilerinin Öğrenme Tercihlerine Etkisi
Authors: KOÇ AKRAN Sevda , KOCAMAN İnci
Published: July 2018

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, oyun tabanlı
öğrenme-öğretme yaklaşımının okul öncesi 
öğrencilerinin öğrenme tercihlerine 
etkisini belirlemektir. Baskın-daha az baskın karma yöntem desenin
kullanıldığı araştırmada amaçsal örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubuna Koç Akran (2017)
tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve gözlem formu
uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde 
öğrencilerin öğrenme tercihlerine ilişkin hazırlanan gözlem formunda yer
alan maddelerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermeme durumu için Shapiro-Wilks
değerine bakılmıştır. Normallik testleri doğrultusunda gözlem formundaki
maddelerin normal dağılım göstermediği görülmüştür. Öğrenme tercihleri ile
ilgili hazırlanan gözlem formunda deney ve kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin
puanlarını karşılaştırmak için Mann Whitney U-Testi, grupların kendi içindeki
ön test - son test puanlarını karşılaştırmak için ise Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar
Testi uygulanmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formundan elde edilen veriler
içinde betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada
sonucunda, oyun tabanlı öğrenme-öğretme yaklaşımında yapılan
uygulamalarla öğrenciler oyunu kurallara uyma, süper kahramanlar gibi gücünü
belli etme ve farklı nesnelerle tanışma olarak tanımladıkları sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.
Constructies met krijgen en kry: Een vergelijking vanuit (diachroon) constructiegrammaticaal perspectief
Authors: Colleman T
Published: July 2018

Zowel Nederlands krijgen als Afrikaans kry maken deel uit van verschillende constructies met een verbale aanvulling in de vorm van een voltooid deelwoord of infinitief, waarin krijgen/ kry gedeeltelijk geauxiliariseerd is. Dit artikel gaat vanuit een contrastief en (diachroon) constructiegrammaticaal perspectief in op de formele en semantische eigenschappen van die constructies. Aangetoond wordt dat de Afrikaanse resultatieve constructie met kry + voltooid deelwoord zich verder heeft ontwikkeld dan haar Nederlandse tegenhanger met krijgen + voltooid deelwoord. Daartegenover staat dat in het Nederlands een frequent gebruikt krijgen-passief is ontstaan dat in het Afrikaans niet echt van de grond is gekomen, en dat er in het hedendaagse Nederlands ook aanwijzingen zijn voor productief gebruik van een modale constructie met krijgen + te-infinitief. De data voor het onderzoek komen hoofdzakelijk uit het SoNaR-corpus en het Taalkommissiekorpus.
Modale kettings in Afrikaans
Authors: Conradie J
Published: July 2018

Modale (hulp-)werkwoorde (MW'e) kom algemeen in Germaanse tale en variëteite voor in kombinasies van twee of meer in een proposisie of klous, byvoorbeeld Jy sal vinniger moet kan werk. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek is om die beginsels van of beperkings op sulke opeenvolgings in Afrikaans te bepaal. Die hipotese word gestel dat hoe hegter die MW die sinsonderwerp aan 'n predikaat verbind, hoe nader sal die MW aan die hoofwerkwoord staan. Kan, soos in Sy moet kan orrel speel, dui byvoorbeeld op 'n inherente kenmerk van die onderwerp, naamlik die "vermoë" om orrel te speel, en staan gewoonlik die naaste aan die hoofwerkwoord. In epistemiese gebruik, soos in Sy kan moet orrel speel, lewer kan uitspraak oor die waarskynlikheid van die proposisie (naamlik Sy moet orrel speel) in sy geheel en neem dan gewoonlik die eerste posisie in. Die hipotese is vervolgens empiries getoets met verwysing na die MW'e sal/sou en modaal gebruikte gaan, moet/moes, mag, behoort te, wil/wou en kan/kon. Om die voorkoms as sodanig van kettings van hierdie MW'e te bepaal, is hoofsaaklik gebruik gemaak van Taalkommissie-korpus 1.1, maar ook van ander bronne. Daar is bevind dat 8 uit die 15 voorspelde kettings wel voorkom, terwyl van die volgordes wat nie voorspel word nie, slegs'n enkele voorbeeld gevind is, wat die hipotese oor die algemeen bevestig. Die volgorde van mag en behoort (te) ten opsigte van ander MW'e kon egter slegs ten dele bevestig word; dit is byvoorbeeld duidelik dat mag altyd ná sal/sou georden word en behoort (te) altyd voor kan/kon.
"Dit gaan nog belangrik word": Veranderinge in grammatikale toekomsverwysing in Afrikaans
Authors: Kirsten J
Published: July 2018

Toekomsverwysing in Afrikaans kan grammatikaal en leksikaal aangedui word, soortgelyk aan ander Wes-Germaanse tale soos Nederlands en Engels. Die modale hulpwerkwoord sal, afkomstig van Nederlandse zullen, en die hulpwerkwoord gaan, van Nederlandse gaan, word algemeen gebruik vir toekomsverwysing, asook die toekomstige presens waar sinne sonder tempusaanduiding na die toekoms verwys. Die totale gebruiksfrekwensie van gaan toon nie tekens van verandering sedert standaardisering nie, maar die verskillende gebruike het tog nie stabiel gebly nie. Sedert standaardisering het die sintaktiese en semantiese gebruikskontekste van toekomsverwysende gaan uitgebrei, en waar die leksikale item gaan vroeg in die twintigste eeu nog oorwegend as hoofwerkwoord gebruik is, word dit vandag oorwegend as 'n hulpwerkwoord (direkte skakelwerkwoord en toekomsverwysende hulpwerkwoord) gebruik.
Ontstrengeling: Die basis van samelewingsvry-hede en godsdiensvryheid
Authors: Strauss D
Published: July 2018

Omdat die geskiedenis van samelewings en die besinning daaroor dikwels na totalitêre praktyke neig word in hierdie artikel spesifiek die aandag op die betekenis van die ontstrengeling of vertakking van die Westerse samelewingserfenis gevestig. Inleidend word daarom allereers vlugtig na die plek van oortuigingsvryhede in Suid-Afrika gekyk en daarna word dieper ingegaan op die aard en implikasies van differensiasie van die samelewing oor millennia
Innováció és szemléletváltás a Devecseri Tankerületben vezetői szemmel
Authors: Németh Ildikó Katalin
Published: July 2018

More and more often we notice the seemingly trivial word ’innovation’ which has been integrated into pedagogy for decades. One of the key focuses of my interest is the SocialRenewal Program and how this kind of development is realized in schools. I have conducted a research in several places. In this case not only one institution, but a whole school district answered my question. I carried out survey in the local schools. Who, on which level, how and in which filed are able te be innovative? I also studied the role of the headmaster or the director of the school district in the process. My results represent well that those educators who intend to change their perspective, renew their methodology, bring the life long learning approach to the foreground and especially those who are the motor of institutional renewal are always good leaders.
Rapid Resistance Testing (RRT) protocol for Rapid Detection of Resistance to Carbapenems and Cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry v1
Authors: Tadros Manal , Romaschin Alexander
Published: July 2018

Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are becoming a global healthcare concern. Current laboratory methods for the detection of CPE include screening followed by confirmatory phenotypic and genotypic tests. These processes would generally take ≥72 hours, which could negatively impact patient care and Infection Control practices. To this end, we developed a protocol for rapid resistance testing (RRT) to detect hydrolysis in a panel of beta lactam antibiotics consisting of ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime and imipenem, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Ninety –nine beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were used to evaluate the RRT method, 54 isolates were CPE and 45 isolates were Class A or AmpC beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae but not carbapenemase producers. We also tested 10 E.coli isolates that were susceptible to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime and imipenem. The sensitivity and specificity of the RRT method for the detection of CPE were 100% and 93% respectively. The RRT protocol can be conducted in a time frame of less than 2 hours. This study shows that the rapid resistance testing protocol is a successful tool for the rapid detection of CPE. It can be possibly modified to extend its use to be able to detect most beta lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae using a single panel of beta lactam antibiotics.
Employment Outcomes of Ethnic Minorities in Spain: Towards Increasing Economic Incorporation among Immigrants and the Second Generation?
Authors: Fernández-Reino Mariña , Radl Jonas , Ramos María
Published: July 2018

This article examines the labour market outcomes of immigrants in Spain, a country that has become a migration destination only since the end of the 1990s. Differentiating between first and second generation of immigrant descent, we compare the labour market involvement of the main ethnic groups with the majority group. One particular focus is to understand which minorities have been hit the hardest by the Great Recession. To this end, we use data from the European Union Labour Force Survey for the years 2008 and 2014, and more specifically the two ad-hoc modules on the labour market situation of migrants. Analysing men and women separately, we run a set of multivariate logistic regression models to control for compositional differences. In this way, we examine ethnic gaps not only in labour force participation but also in the degree of underutilisation of human capital, measured as workers’ level of over-education as well as the incidence of involuntary part-time employment. Our results show that while most origin groups do not show significantly lower employment participation than the majority group, the employment quality of immigrants in terms of involuntary part-time work and over-education is substantially worse, especially since the crisis.
Perfect for the Job? Overqualification of Immigrants and their Descendants in the Norwegian Labor Market
Authors: Larsen Edvard N. , Rogne Adrian F. , Birkelund Gunn E.
Published: July 2018

Compared to the majority population, studies have shown that non-western immigrants are more likely to work in jobs for which they are overqualified. These findings are based on coarse measures of jobs, and an important question is how sensitive these findings are to the definition of jobs. By using detailed information from Norwegian register data 2014, we provide a methodological innovation in comparing individuals working in the same occupation, industry, sector, firm, and municipality. In this way, we measure the degree of overqualification among workers within more than 653,000 jobs. We differentiate between immigrants and their descendants originating from Western Europe, the New EU countries, other Western countries, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Africa and Asia (except MENA countries), and South and Central America, and compare their outcomes with the majority population holding the same jobs. We find that immigrants from all country of origin groups are more likely to be overqualified compared to the majority population and to descendants of immigrants. However, the prevalence of overqualification decreases with time since immigration.
Employment and Education–Occupation Mismatches of Immigrants and their Children in the Netherlands: Comparisons with the Native Majority Group
Authors: Khoudja Yassine
Published: July 2018

This study examines the labor market integration of immigrants and their children in the Netherlands focusing on employment and over- and underqualification. Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Longitudinal Life-Course Study (NELLS), the analysis shows disadvantages in employment probabilities for men and women from different foreign origin groups compared to the Dutch majority even after accounting for differences in human capital. Ethnic differences in employment probabilities are lower, but still visible, when comparing only respondents who obtained post-secondary education in the Netherlands. Further, first-generation immigrant men from Turkey and Morocco are at higher risk of being overeducated than Dutch majority men whereas this is not the case for second generation men and first- and secondgeneration minority women. Substantial ethnic difference in the likelihood of being undereducated are not prevalent. Having a foreign compared to a Dutch degree is related to lower labor market outcomes, but this negative relation is more pronounced for women than for men. Finally, there is some indication that overeducation is somewhat less common in the public sector than in the private sector, but minorities do not benefit more from this than the Dutch majority.
Prognosis of Functional Results of Arising or Immature Cataract Phacoemulsification High Myopia
Authors: Pilyagina A. A. , Fabrikantov O. A. , Shutova S. V.
Published: July 2018

Actuality. Complicated cataract surgery in high myopia is accompanied by the high risk of intra- and postoperative complications caused by this background disease. The presence of lens opalescence influences the results of many functional diagnostic tests. Diagnostic and prognostic research of the modern methods of investigation such as spectral optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biomicroscopy and B-scanning is urgent in patients with high myopia and cataract. The true prognosis of visual functions in these patients will allow solving the problem of cataract phacoemulsification expediency, decreasing the risks of complications.

Purpose. To determine prognostic criteria of complicated cataract phacoemulsification outcome in high myopia.

Patients and methods. 62 patients (101 eyes) with arising or immature cataract and high myopia were examined. All patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy of retinal periphery, ultrasound B-scanning of vitreous body and spectral optical coherence tomography of macular zone preoperatively, in the first postoperative days, in a month, in 6–8 months. We performed the correlation analysis of the initial morphological parameters and postoperative visual acuity. To solve the problem of the favorable outcome prognostication (achieving a certain level of visual acuity by the definite term after surgery) the method of binary logistic regression was used.

Results and conclusion. The performed mathematical analysis showed the correlation between the postoperative visual acuity and the initial morphological parameters in a myopic eye: the value of ocular anterior posterior axis, the height of the posterior vitreous detachment, posterior staphyloma, the retinoschisis length in the superior outer segment, epiretinal membrane height, pigmented epithelium destruction and discharge, increased choroidal reflectivity, subfoveal choroidal thickness. We built the mathematical models that allowed predicting with high accuracy the probability of achieving a certain level of postoperative visual acuity following cataract phacoemulsification in high myopia.
Anatomical and Topographical Relations between the Posterior Lens Capsule and the Intraocular Lens in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Authors: Egorova E. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose— to study the relations between the posterior capsule (PC) and intraocular lens (IOL) after cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX).

Patients and methods. We examined 46 eyes of 37 patients with PEX who underwent a standard and uncomplicated phacoemulsification. The age of patients was 60–94 years. Postoperative period ranged from 1 day to 10 years. An optical coherence tomography (OCT) (RTVue XR Avanti, “Optovue”) was used to image the IOL-PC space in early and late postoperative period.

Results. In the first days full contact PC-IOL was not observed in any case. The maximum of space PC-IOL was noted on the first day postoperatively. Posterior capsule had a wavy or folded profile on the scans. In the next two weeks we observed a decrease of the distances between posterior capsule and IOL. After 1 month we noted the formation of capsular bend around optic edge, the full adhesion of posterior capsule to IOL was not detected. In the late postoperative period the fibroplastic and proliferative capsular changes with secondary discontact PC-IOL was noted. Primary inadhesion of a posterior capsule to IOL was recorded in half of the cases.

и. High resolution OCT was suitable for quantitative analysis of IOL-PC space. Involution changes in structures of anterior segment in the eyes with PEX had a role in closure of the IOL-PC space. Complete adhesion of posterior capsule to IOL was not observed in the majority of eyes with PEX.
Comparison of Cornea Endothelial Cells Density the After Aspiration of Dense Cataracts using Two Variants of Phacoemulsification Parameters
Authors: Shukhaev S. V. , Boiko E. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to compare two types of phacoemulsification parameters (combination ultrasound and torsional US with IP) with estimating the number of postoperative complications caused by intraoperative trauma of corneal endothelial cells.

Patients and methods. 72 patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (main n = 33 and control n = 39). During the aspiration of lens fragments in the main group the combination ultrasound was used, while torsional US with IP was used in the control group. Endothelial cell counting and other examinations were performed 1 day, 1 week and 6 months after the surgery.

Results. CDVA in the explored groups 1 week after the surgery was similar: the main group — 0.813 ± 0.228, the control group — 0.765 ± 0.250, There was also no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the cornea between the groups: the main group — 533.48 ± 12.41, the control group — 536.44 ± 10.92. At the same time, a statistically significant difference was found in the density of endothelial cells: the main group: 1871.30 ± 187.41 (after 1 week), 1865 ± 178.9 (after 6 months); control group: 1809.63 ± 225.43 (after 1 week), 1791 ± 230.82 (after 6 months). The percentage of cell loss was, respectively, lower in the main group at all times of observation: 3.90% (after 1 day), 4.54% (after 1 week), 4.9% (after 6 months). In the control group: 7.71% (after 1 day), 9.25% (after 1 week), 10.4% (after 6 months).

Conclusions. Data obtained in this study has showed the advantages of combination ultrasound in comparison with torsional US with IP, when performing aspiration of dense lenses. Due to lower consumption of ultrasound energy and higher aspiration rate of the fragments, combination ultrasound can reduce the loss of corneal endothelial cells and decrease the number and severity of postoperative complications associated with it.
Visual Functions in Children in Remote Postoperative Period after Laser Treatment of Threshold Stages of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Pshenichnov M. V. , Kolenko O. V. , Egorov V. V. , Sorokin E. L.
Published: July 2018

Purpose.Analysis of visual functions in children in remote postoperative period after laser coagulation (LC) of threshold stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Patients and methods. In 2017, we selected and investigated 18 children, who previously had an LC of threshold stages of ROP in 2008–2009 in the Khabarovsk branch of the S.N. Fyodorov State Institution Eye Microsurgery Complex (continuous sampling method). There were 5 boys and 13 girls aged from 8 to 9 years at the time of LC. Anterior and posterior eye segments of the eyes (biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy), visual acuity, clinical refraction, concomitant pathology were evaluated.

Results. We have revealed that regressive ROP after LC is characterized by the presence of serious anatomical and functional changes in the eyes. First, these are refractive disorders, which revealed in 90.5% of cases. Most often revealed: myopic refraction — 61% of all cases, of which more than half (53%) is its high degree; or its combination with compound myopic astigmatism (77% eyes); anisometropia was detected in 39% children. These refractive disorders led to the development of strabismus (61% children) and mixed amblyopia (60%). Despite the combined ophthalmologic pathology, 17% children developed visual functions with achievement of binocular vision, in most children visual functions still continue to develop, although they are not high due to amblyopia. High visual acuity (from 0.8 and above) in both eyes was formed in 22% children; visual acuity in the range of 0.5–0.7 in both eyes was formed in 17% children. Unfortunately, 44.5% children at the time of examination had low visual functions (in the range of 0.05–0.4) in both eyes. Extremely low visual acuity (from 0.01 to 0.04) in both eyes was identified in 11% children; absolute blindness in one of the eyes was in 11% children.

Conclusions. LC is reliable way to prevent vision loss from retinal detachment in children with threshold stages of ROP.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of the Patients Operated on for Glaucoma
Authors: Machekhin V. A. , Fabrikantov O. L. , L’vov V. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To analyze the results of operation in patients with glaucoma depending on its stage, terms of follow-up and detection.

Patients and methods. 102 patients (204 eyes) operated on at IRTC “Eye Microsurgery” Tambov branch within October-November 2017 were examined. Mean age was 69.6 ± 9.5 years old. There were 58 male and 44 female. Patients’ eyes were divided into 4 groups: eyes with absolute glaucoma (33), III stage of glaucoma (71), I–II stage of glaucoma (54) and healthy eyes (46). The age of glaucoma patients in all groups was almost identical: age 60-69 years old (47.7%) and 70–79 (31.3%) prevailed.

Results. The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years (from 1 week to 11 years), the average number of examinations per patient in a year was 5. Before the first surgery 16% of the eyes with absolute glaucoma were detected, 40% — with III stage glaucoma, 26.5% — I–II stage glaucoma, the rest 17.5% were healthy (paired) eyes. Within the total follow-up 211 antiglaucomatous and 36 cataract surgeries were performed. The marked visual improvement was not noted after antiglaucomatous surgeries. In 5 patients without any glaucoma symptoms but followed up during 5-10 years without interruption absolute glaucoma was revealed. Among the above mentioned patients 3 had a rather high level of tolerant pressure (17 mm Hg) and high true IOP (25 mm Hg), other 2 — low tolerant pressure (12–14 mm Hg) and normal true IOP (19–20 mm Hg).

Conclusion. If glaucoma is diagnosed based on the examinations and patient received treatment, he/she should be under the supervision of an experienced ophthalmologist who determine and change treatment in time, including early surgery.
Comparative Costs Analysis of POAG Patients after SLT and Receiving Only Medical Treatment
Authors: Chuprov A. D. , Kanyukov V. N. , Kadnikova O. V. , Ekimov A. K.
Published: July 2018

Selective laser trabeculoplasty is a widely spread method of primary open-angle glaucoma treatment. Confirmation of SLT treatment efficacy is associated with economic feasibility and is used for reducing costs for patients.

The purposeof this study was comparative analysis of the cost value for patients with POAG, following SLT and having medical treatment without surgery, as well as determining the dynamics of the cost of treatment for patients at all its stages. An analysis of 250 medical charts of POAG patients, who underwent SLT (treatment group) and 50 medical charts of patients with POAG, who were treated conservatively (control group) was carried out, IOP before the surgery was from 20 to 30mm Hg. Selective laser trabeculoplasty was performed using Quantel Medical Optimis with Solutis device according to the standard technology. During the whole treatment course IOP every patient was examined 5 times: 1 day after SLT, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after the surgery (treatment group patients) and at primary visit, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year later (patients of the control group). Linear method and cluster analysis were used as mathematical methods; data processing was performed using software STATISTICA 10. The obtained results allow to compare the costs for patients received SLT and treated without surgery, as well as the dynamics of the patient costs at every stage of the treatment, that can be concerned for the further clinical and economical correction of the whole treatment course for POAG patients.
Botox’s Place in the Complex Treatment of Oculomotor System Pathology (the Optimal “Portrait” of the Patient for the Chemodenervation)
Authors: Plisov I. L. , Cherhykh V. V. , Atamanov V. V. , Antsiferova N. G. , Pushchina V. B. , Istomina T. K.
Published: July 2018

Introduction. To summarize our fifteen-years clinical experience of using Botox in strabismology and determine the indications for the most effective use of chemodenervation in the complex treatment of oculomotor system pathology.

Patients and methods. To carry out chemodenervation of extraocular muscles, Botox was used. The optimal dose of Botox for intramuscular injection ranged from 1.25 to 5.0 units. The choice of dosage depends on the patient’s age, the type oculomotor system pathology, the level of muscular dysfunction and the purpose of the treatment. The treatment was performed in 376 patients with various disorders of oculomotor system. At the time of treatment, the patients’ ages ranged from 12 to 78 years. Injection of Botox into the extraocular muscles in all cases was the primary method of treatment.

Results. In general, the state of relative functional recovery was achieved in 71.81% of cases (in 270 patients). The best results were obtained in treatment of decompensated heterophories, acute heterotrophies, atypical heterotrophies and primary hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscles (in 100% of cases). In these conditions, the binocular vision was preserved in patients, and the imbalance of the oculomotor system did not show any sign of incomitance. However, patients with paralysis and paresis of the cranial nerves chemodenervation allowed creating conditions for a more complete restoration of muscular functions, to avoid the occurrence of a secondary imbalance in the oculomotor system. In 70.3% cases (185 patients), subsequent surgical treatment was not required. Reliable functional results of treatment allowed creating the optimal algorithm for chemodenervation.

Discussion. Chemodenervation of extraocular muscles is an effective independent and additional method of complex treatment of oculomotor system pathology and expands opportunities in patients’ rehabilitation. To achieve maximum functional results, it is necessary to select patients correctly for this procedure, taking into account its appropriateness and advantages over alternative methods of treatment, selection of optimal dosages of Botox.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Pregnancy
Authors: Pomytkina N. V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: analysis of clinical cases of different course of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy.

Patients and methods. The article presents 5 clinical cases of different course of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy: absence of manifestation, stable course and progression to macular edema and aggressive proliferation.

Results. The reasons for progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy were analyzed. The most important were the compensation of diabetes mellitus in preconception period and throughout pregnancy, the severity of retinopathy, and the presence of concomitant pathology. It is emphasized that timely detection of progression signs of retinopathy and laser coagulation during pregnancy makes it possible to stabilize the course of disease and improve visual prognosis. Thus, the monitoring of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus requires an individual approach and careful dynamic observation during pregnancy and in postpartum period. Timely laser coagulation in progression of retinopathy can contribute to preservation of visual functions.

Conclusions. Clinical course of diabetic retinopathy in pregnancy is variable: no manifestation, stabilization, progression. Progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy is determined by many factors, in particular, the compensation of diabetes mellitus in preconception period and throughout pregnancy, the severity and stabilization of retinopathy as results of treatment in preconception period, the presence of concomitant pathology. Timely detection of signs of diabetic retinopathy progression and its treatment, particularly laser coagulation of the retina, during pregnancy allows stabilizing the course of disease. There may be an aggressive course of diabetic retinopathy with progression in postpartum period, in connection with which, active monitoring of patients with retinopathy after childbirth is required.
Application of Fresnel Prism in the Complex Treatment of Friendly Strabismus
Authors: Kurochkin V. N. , Terekhova T. V. , Glumskova Y. D. , Triludina Y. I. , Shelikhova O. A.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of Fresnel prism in the complex treatment of friendly strabismus.

Patients and methods. The main group consisted of 428 patients with strabismus, who were assigned Fresnel prisms in combination with pleoptoorthoptic and surgical treatment. Indication for the appointment of Fresnel prism with a friendly strabismus was: angle of strabismus to 25 degrees, postoperative residual angles. The age of the patients ranged from 4 to 60 years. We evaluated the visual acuity without correction and with correction, refraction, character of vision, ability to bifoveal fusion evaluated with synoptophore. The results were compared with a control group treated without Fresnel prisms.

Results. During initial selection of Fresnel prisms, doubling was revealed in 73% cases. With the constant wearing of glasses with Fresnel prisms, in which the state of orthotropy is achieved, in most patients doubling was cupped in the period from 2 weeks to 3 months. During the first month, doubling stopped in 72% of patients, and the minimum periods for arresting double vision were noted in preschool children. The absence of doubling served was an indication for surgical correction of strabismus. After the surgery, a good cosmetic effect was achieved in 392 persons (97%), and the state of orthotropy was in 330 of people (81.7%). Doubling after the operation was not observed, there was no relapse of strabismus. Comparative analysis of the main and control groups showed that in the main group of patients the use of prisms combined with pleoptoorthoptic and surgical treatment made it possible to restore binocular vision in 32.9% of cases.

Conclusion. The use of Fresnel prism in the complex treatment of friendly strabismus in children allows to obtain not only a good cosmetic effect, but also to develop binocular vision in 32.9% of cases. The use of Fresnel prisms in the preoperative period in adults allows avoiding postoperative double vision, thereby reducing the risk of recurrence of strabismus because of the development of mechanisms for the formation of a single binocular image.
Los componentes de la velocidad de denominación y su relación con la comprensión lectora en español
Authors: Escobar José-Pablo , Rosas Ricardo
Published: July 2018

La velocidad de denominación es uno de los principales predictores de la lectura especialmente en ortografías transparentes como el español. Si bien ha sido consistentemente estudiada al nivel de  la lectura de palabras, pocos trabajos  tratan de explicar su relación con la comprensión lectora. Desde la perspectiva del análisis de los componentes de la velocidad de denominación: pausas entre ítems y tiempos de articulación; esta investigación exploró la relación entre la velocidad de denominación y la comprensión lectora en estudiantes chilenos de primero a cuarto básico. Además, evaluó si es que esta relación se explica por las habilidades en la precisión de lectura de palabras y fluidez lectora. Los resultados muestran que ambos componentes comparten una cantidad significativa de varianza con la comprensión. Sin embargo comparativamente es mayor la relación de las pausas entre ítems con la comprensión. Cuando incluimos en la relación entre la velocidad de denominación y la comprensión lectora, la precisión en la lectura de palabras y la fluidez, estas variables median la relación. Los resultados se discuten en el contexto de la velocidad de denominación como una variable relacionada con la fluidez en la lectura y la utilidad de su evaluación en el contexto escolar.