bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Yu , Zhang Yang , Liu Jinping
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is employed to support critically ill COVD-19 patients. The occurrence of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), as well as the implementation of anticoagulation strategies under the dual influence of ECMO and COVID-19 remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the ischemic stroke, ICH and overall in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO and summarize the anticoagulation regimens.

Methods

EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched for studies examining ischemic stroke, ICH, and mortality in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO. The outcomes were incidences of ischemic stroke, ICH, overall in-hospital mortality and anticoagulation regimens. We calculated the pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to summarize the results.

Results

We analyzed 12 peer-reviewed studies involving 6039 COVID-19 patients. The incidence of ischemic stroke had a pooled estimate of 2.2% (95% CI: 1.2%–3.2%). The pooled prevalence of ICH was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.3%–9.6%). The pooled estimate of overall in-hospital mortality was 40.3% (95% CI: 33.1%–47.5%). The occurrence of ICH was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO than in other respiratory ECMO [relative risk=1.75 (95% CI: 1.00–3.07)]. Unfractionated heparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant, and anticoagulation monitoring practice varied among centers.

Conclusions

Ischemic stroke and ICH were common under the double “hit” of COVID-19 and ECMO. The prevalence of ICH was significantly higher in COVID-19 patients supported with ECMO than non-COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO. Individualized anticoagulation regimens may be a good choice to balance thrombosis and bleeding. More detailed research and further exploration are needed to clarify the underlying mechanism and clinical management decisions.
Sexual Offending: The Intrepid Professional-Adventurer and The Dejected Revenger-Victim
Authors: DeBlasio Shannon , Ioannou Maria , Synnott John
Published: October 2022

The Criminal Narrative Experience (CNE) is a framework developed within Invest-igative Psychology, which combines the emotions and narrative roles experienced by the offender during the commission of their offense, to understand their personal experience of crime . Previous research proposes four distinct themes within CNE; The Elated Hero, The Calm Professional, The Distressed Revenger, and The Depressed Victim , however little attention has yet been paid to the potential differences in themes across various offense types. The current study explored the CNE model within a sample of sexual offenders. Results found evidence of two CNE themes; The Intrepid Professional-Adventurer and The Dejected Revenger-Victim, this has implications stretching further than theorical, and are particularly poignant for therapists and treatment managers, who may be providing intervention to groups of sexual offenders at any one time.
Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides may induce brain cancer through oxidative stress
Authors: Yousefi Fatemeh , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Karamouzian Saeid , Abolhassani Moslem , Pourghadamyari Hossein , Moazed Vahid , Khanjani Narges , Paydar Parisa
Published: October 2022

In this study, oxidative stress was investigated as the possible mechanism of action of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in primary brain tumors (PBT). The levels of seven OCP residues and enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers including erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) along with non-enzymatic oxidative biomarkers including malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in blood samples of 73 patients with PBT and 104 healthy controls. A significant association was found between farming activities and PBT (55% of patients were engaged in farming activities while 45% had no farming experience). The mean levels of β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, 4,4 DDT, MDA, PC, NO, SOD, CAT, and GPx were significantly higher in PBT patients, whereas the levels of TAC, PON-1, and AChE were significantly lower in these patients. Regression analysis showed that PBT was correlated with β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDE, 4,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDT. Based on these results, it can be concluded that OCPs and OPPs may play a role in PBT development through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoting oxidative stress.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial on the Effects of Chronotherapy on Sleep
Authors: van Andel Emma , Bijlenga Denise , Vogel Suzan W. N. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Kooij J. J. Sandra
Published: October 2022

Delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS) is the most common sleep disturbance in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We previously showed that chronotherapy with melatonin effectively advanced the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), a biomarker for the internal circadian rhythm, by 1.5 h and reduced ADHD symptoms by 14%. Melatonin combined with bright light therapy (BLT) advanced the DLMO by 2 h, but did not affect ADHD symptoms. This article explores whether sleep times advanced along with DLMO, leading to longer sleep duration and better sleep in general, which might explain the working mechanism behind the reduction in ADHD symptoms after treatment with melatonin. This article presents exploratory secondary analysis on objective and self-reported sleep characteristics from a three-armed double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT), which included 49 adults (18-55 years) with ADHD and DSPS. Participants were randomized to receive sleep education and 3 weeks of (1) 0.5 mg/day placebo, (2) 0.5 mg/day melatonin, or (3) 0.5 mg/day melatonin plus 30 min of bright light therapy (BLT) between 0700 and 0800 h. Sleep was assessed at baseline, directly after treatment, and 2 weeks after the end of treatment. Objective measures were obtained by actigraphy, self-reported measures by various sleep questionnaires and a sleep diary. Melatonin with or without BLT did not advance sleep times, improve sleep in general, or strengthen wake-activity rhythms. So even though the DLMO had advanced, sleep timing did not follow. Adding extensive behavioral coaching to chronotherapy is necessary for advancing sleep times along with DLMO and to further alleviate ADHD symptoms.
Unwillingly Orientalist: Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s Travel Diary to Burma as an Example of an Unusual Postcolonial Eastern European Account
Authors: Lubina Michał , Kozłowska Magdalena
Published: October 2022

This article explores Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s largely forgotten travel diary “A Journey to Burma.” It argues that the strategy Herling-Grudziński employed to describe the postcolonial world was a unique one. It did not belong to the “socialist postcolonialism” narrative, nor was it a part of Western orientalist discourse. Herling-Grudziński’s Eastern European past and identity deeply influenced his account. Despite some simplification, he was able to summarize Burmese reality surprisingly accurately. The article claims that Herling-Grudziński’s travelogue represents a new angle to the narrative of the relations between Eastern European people of letters and inhabitants of colonized countries.
Natural frequency prediction of functionally graded graphene-reinforced nanocomposite plates using ensemble learning and support vector machine models
Authors: Pashmforoush Farzad
Published: October 2022

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are modern engineering materials with increasing application in various industrial fields. In this study, the free vibration behavior of graphene-reinforced FGM plate is investigated using finite element method and machine learning (ML) approaches. For this purpose, three advanced ML models including ensemble learning algorithms (bootstrap aggregation and gradient boosting) and Gaussian support vector machine are employed to predict the natural frequency of functionally graded graphene/epoxy nanocomposite plates. In this regard, first, hyperparameter optimization is carried out using Bayesian optimization algorithm. Then, regression analysis is performed using the aforementioned ML approaches. According to the obtained results, all ML models have a high coefficient of determination (more than 96%) with low mean squared error (MSE) values. However, the best performance is related to the gradient boosting method, followed by support vector machine and bootstrap aggregation, respectively. Finally, the significance degree of involved parameters on natural frequency is estimated using the Shapley values concept. The obtained results reveal that the most significant parameters affecting the natural frequency of graphene-reinforced FGM plates are clamp type, the volume fraction of graphene, followed by thickness ratio and distribution pattern, respectively.
Characteristics of correction practice and its citation in library and information science journals
Authors: Yang Siluo , Diao Heyu , Zou Yifan , Xiao Aoxia
Published: October 2022

The correction practice of scientific publications is usually used to correct publication errors by issuing correction notices, and it is less explored compared to retraction practice. The aim of this study is to present an overview of correction practice and to explore the citation situation of correction notices in library and information science (LIS) journals, using 720 correction notices in the Web of Science from 2001–2020. Through bibliometrics and content analysis, we found the correcting rate of LIS was relatively low. The main types of corrected errors occurred in authorship, figure or table, references, etc. Most corrected errors were trivial or minor. The citation situation of correction notices was more complex than expected and could be classified into five types. It was relatively rare to cite both the corrected paper and correction notice in a standardized manner. The remaining four types of citation were unreasonable, which could influence citation practice and reduce the citations of corrected papers. We concluded that the appearance of the correction notice had affected the citation of the corrected papers to some extent, and researchers and databases needed to pay attention to this problem. We also provided some suggestions for improving correction practice.
Quantitative histologic evaluation reveals different degree of liver atrophy in cachectic and starved dogs
Authors: Ricci Emanuele , D’Aquino Ilaria , Paciello Orlando , Whitfield Vanessa , Ressel Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

Cases of neglect in dogs are among the forensic cases submitted most commonly for postmortem examination. Starvation is a form of primary protein-energy malnutrition in which the availability of food is severely restricted or absent; cachexia is a form of protein-energy malnutrition secondary to progressive metabolic derangement during chronic diseases. Despite both conditions leading to an emaciated appearance of the cadaver, discrimination between the two is crucial in forensic cases. We hypothesized that among emaciated dogs, the degree of liver atrophy in starved animals is higher than in cachectic ones, and that this can be investigated microscopically, regardless of the degree of cadaver decomposition. We studied 46 animals: 23 starved, 11 cachectic, and 12 control dogs. Portal tracts were identified by the presence of a bile duct and associated vascular structures recognizable by a thin rim of collagen still visible regardless of the degree of cadaver decomposition. The number of portal tracts per lpf (10×) was used as an indirect measure of atrophy. The number of portal tracts in starved dogs was significantly higher ( p < 0.01) compared to both cachectic and control dogs, indicating a higher degree of liver atrophy in starvation. Measuring the density of portal tracts offers a reliable additional tool for discrimination between starvation and cachexia.
Targeted detection and molecular epidemiology of turkey coronavirus spike gene variants in turkeys and chickens
Authors: Wilkes Rebecca P. , Chan Angie , Wooming Brian
Published: October 2022

Turkey coronavirus (TCoV) is a member of the Avian coronavirus species with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is considered to be the source of TCoV. These 2 viruses are highly similar in all regions of their genomes, except for the spike gene, which is necessary for virus attachment. Although TCoV causes severe enteric disease in turkey poults, it does not cause clinical disease in chickens. However, considering that TCoV can infect chickens, it is important to distinguish TCoV from IBV in chickens. This is particularly true for chickens that are housed near turkeys and thus might be infected with TCoV and serve as a silent source of TCoV for turkeys. We developed and validated a real-time PCR assay to detect the spike gene of TCoV and sequenced a portion of this gene to evaluate the molecular epidemiology of TCoV infections associated with a commercial turkey premises in the United States in 2020–2021. We identified natural infections of TCoV in chickens, and based on the molecular epidemiology of the viruses detected, these chickens may have served as a source of infection for the commercial turkey premises located nearby.
Vitamin D Deficiency at Diagnosis Increases All-Cause and Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality in Jamaican Men
Authors: McGrowder Donovan , Tulloch-Reid Marshall K. , Coard Kathleen C. M. , McCaw-Binns Afette M. , Ferguson Trevor S. , Aiken William , Harrison Leroy , Anderson Simon G. , Jackson Maria D.
Published: October 2022

Background

25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum calcium have been associated with incident prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is limited data on whether these metabolites predict survival in men of African descent, a population disproportionately affected by PCa. We studied the relationship of 25(OH)D at PCa diagnosis with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among Jamaican men and examined whether serum calcium modified any associations.

Methods

Serum 25(OH)D from 152 Jamaican men with incident PCa within the Prostate Cancer Risk Evaluation (PROSCARE) study were re-evaluated approximately 11 years after enrollment. 25(OH)D analyses were stratified using the using Holick criteria. PCa-specific and all-cause mortality were examined in Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and Gleason score. Restricted cubic splines evaluated nonlinear associations. Serum calcium was assessed as an effect modifier of the association between 25(OH)D and mortality.

Results

Of cases with available 25(OH)D, 64 men with PCa survived, 38 deaths were PCa specific and 36 died of other causes. At baseline, 9.9% of cases were vitamin D deficient and 61.2% were vitamin D sufficient. Compared to 25(OH)D sufficient men, those with 25(OH)D <20.0 ng/mL concentrations were associated with higher PCa-specific mortality (adjusted HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.68, 14.63, P = .004) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 2.40; 95%CI, 1.33, 4. 32, P = .003). Serum calcium was not associated with survival and did not modify any associations with 25(OH)D.

Conclusions

25(OH)D deficiency at PCa diagnosis predicted decreased survival for overall and PCa-specific cancer in Caribbean men of African ancestry.
Seismic performance of the combined viscous-steel damping system suffering from oil leakage
Authors: Hu Shangtao , Hu Renkang , Yang Menggang , Wang Tao
Published: October 2022

The combined viscous-steel damping system is a passive energy dissipation device consisting of a fluid viscous damper and a steel yielding damper in series. However, many viscous dampers installed in structures have been suffering from severe oil leakage. This study aims to assess the influence of the leaked viscous damper on the seismic performance of the combined system. Cyclic tests were conducted on the viscous damper with different leakage levels to obtain its degraded hysteretic performance. The modeling method of the leaked viscous damper was proposed according to the experimental result. The locking behavior and seismic mitigation effectiveness of the combined system suffering from oil leakage were investigated based on a single-degree-of-freedom system. The result reveals that ( i) The leaked viscous damper cannot generate damping force at the beginning of the reverse movement of its piston, which is reflected in the hysteretic curves as a “gap” phenomenon. ( ii) The proposed modeling method can accurately simulate the damping characteristics of the leaked viscous damper. ( iii) In spite of the leakage severity, the combined system possesses reliable locking behavior and decent vibration mitigation effectiveness under earthquakes. ( iv) The combined system is superior to the viscous damper in mitigating seismic-induced displacement when suffering from oil leakage.
Slippery Inquiry: Engaging With the Vague and Half-Glimpsed
Authors: Pallesen Eva
Published: October 2022

In this article, I inquire into the unsure, half-glimpsed kind of experiences, which tend to be excluded from analytical processes and research publications. Based on process thinkers, I argue that in these slippery moments, we are most open to movement, and hence to the other as other. I suggest that we have the capacity to engage with these moments through a loosened but highly focused mode of inquiry—akin to how we bodily respond to the solicitations of the environment when we walk, dance, or skate. By stressing the vague and half-glimpsed, I join others in questioning the academic norm of valuable knowledge as that which is fully illuminated, fully present, and clearly seen in radiant daylight. By pursuing the slippery research experience, I aim to contribute to the emerging stream on doing differently in the academy, including also re-doing academic traditions of writing.
Dispersive surface waves propagating through a continuous elastic medium with local rotation
Authors: Schiavone Antonio , Wang Xiaodong
Published: October 2022

Elastic metamaterials are man-made materials engineered with the purpose of inducing atypical bulk elastic properties. To model a type of elastic metamaterial with local rotational effects, a new two-dimensional continuum model which incorporates local rotation as a scalar field superposed on the translational displacement fields is utilized. This paper provides a comprehensive study of surface wave propagation in this new continuous medium. Unlike the classical Rayleigh wave, the surface wave in this new medium is dispersive. An explicit dispersion relation is obtained, and a closed-form solution of the dispersion curve is derived. The dispersion relation is then used to evaluate the general behaviour of the surface wave. It is found that even for the cases where the effect of local rotation is relatively weak, the surface wave still clearly shows dispersion. The phase velocity of the surface wave falls mostly between the classical Rayleigh wave and the shear wave, especially for cases where the effect of local rotation is weak. In addition to the classical Rayleigh wave, there exists another surface wave which possesses a wavespeed depending only on local rotational parameters. It was also found that particles residing on the free surface of the material move in an elliptical fashion similar to that of classical Rayleigh wave propagation.
A novel low-cost indigenous goggle design for oxygen delivery in oxygen supplemented accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking
Authors: Sinha Rajesh , Sabir Mohammed , Asif Mohamed Ibrahime , Kalra Nidhi , Kumar Kanil Ranjith , Sinha Renu
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Our study aims to describe a novel low-cost indigenous design of goggles for delivery of oxygen during oxygen supplemented accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL)

Methods

The goggles were prepared by modifying the safety goggles available in personal protective equipment (PPE) kit. The goggle has two side openings covered with plugs. One plug was removed to insert a tubing for oxygen delivery at a rate of 5 litres/minute. A 20-gauge intravenous cannula was introduced from superior aspect of the goggle for measuring oxygen saturation in periocular environment.

Results

The procedure could be successfully performed without any intraoperative difficulty with an oxygen concentration between 80–90% throughout procedure. The time to achieve maximum concentration after switching on oxygen supply was between 30–60 s. None of our patients complained of any discomfort due to goggles. There was no mechanical interference of the goggles with the UV delivery system and a focused UV light could be delivered. The opening in goggles allowed for uninterrupted alignment and centration of UV light at the corneal level. The effective cost of the goggles, canula and tubing amounted to 400INR (5.50USD). There was no distortion, kinking or slippage of the tubing allowing for uninterrupted oxygen flow. These goggles could be sterilized multiple times using plasma sterilization.

Conclusion

The current modified cost-effective goggle design could be an effective alternative to the currently available oxygen delivery goggles, especially in a low resource setting.
Sounding possible worlds: The cacophony of the Istanbul Feminist Night Marches
Authors: Akdemir Ege
Published: October 2022

Istanbul Feminist Night Marches are a long-lasting branch of feminist activism for Women’s Day in Turkey. Each year, thousands of women get together around Istiklal Street and sing and chant together; drum beats emanate from percussion groups; whistles accompany slogans, slogans accompany songs. In the end, the acoustic experience becomes one of the most memorable aspects of the demonstration. Following this premise, this article investigates the political significance of the Istanbul Feminist Night Marches through its acoustic atmosphere and asks the question: How is the soundscape of the march related to its political power? What does this soundscape do? And what might we discover from trying to listen to the soundscape of the march with a theoretical ear? Combining personal experiences of individuals who participated in these protests with theories and historical discussions about the gendered acoustic sensory order of the social fabric, this article sets out to reveal the political and transformative power of the Istanbul Feminist Night Marches by investigating the voices and sounds within. The article argues that the composition of Feminist Night Marches, where women gather to stand side by side with their differences, is represented by the acoustic atmosphere of the march that women describe as a cacophony. This acoustic atmosphere enables a different type of relationality and politics that privilege who is speaking rather than what is spoken. When women tune in to this atmosphere they get materially affected by it and leave the scene with an increased capacity to act. The combination of protest against patriarchy and celebration of life within this soundscape creates affective solidarities among women and new potentialities regarding how we relate to each other by sounding possible worlds.
A new look at cognitive functioning in pediatric MS
Authors: Krupp Lauren B , Waubant Emmanuelle , Waltz Michael , Casper T Charles , Belman Anita , Wheeler Yolanda , Ness Jayne , Graves Jennifer , Gorman Mark , Benson Leslie , Mar Soe , Goyal Manu , Schreiner Teri , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Rodriguez Moses , Tillema Jan-Mendelt , Lotze Timothy , Aaen Greg , Rensel Mary , Rose John , Chitinis Tanuja , George Allan , Charvet Leigh E ,   and the US Network of Pediatric MS Centers
Published: October 2022

Objective:

Cognitive involvement in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) relative to adult MS is less defined. This study advances our understanding by measuring cognitive performances in pediatric MS, adult MS, and pediatric healthy controls.

Methods:

Consecutive relapsing pediatric MS participants from the United States Network of Pediatric MS Centers were compared with pediatric healthy controls and adults with relapsing MS. Participants were compared on two screening batteries: the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS and the Cogstate Brief Battery. Results were transformed to age-normative z scores.

Results:

The pediatric groups (MS vs. Healthy Controls) did not differ on either battery’s composite mean score or individual test scores ( ps > 0.32), nor in the proportions impaired on either battery, Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (26% vs. 24%, p = 0.83); Cogstate Brief Battery (26% vs. 32%, p = 0.41). The pediatric versus adult MS group even after controlling for differences in disease duration performed better on the Brief International Cognition Assessment for MS composite ( p = 0.03), Symbol Digit Modalities Test ( p = 0.02), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test ( p = 0.01), and Cogstate choice reaction time ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Pediatric MS patients do not differ from healthy pediatric controls on cognitive screens but perform better than adults with MS.
Está abriendo, la abrió: Lexical knowledge, verb type, and grammatical aspect shape child heritage speakers’ direct object omission in Spanish
Authors: Shin Naomi L.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

This study investigates the influence of lexical knowledge, progressive aspect, and verb type on bilingual children’s direct object expression in Spanish.

Methodology:

Sixty-one child heritage speakers of Spanish, ages 3;3-8;8, and 10 Spanish-speaking adults in the United States completed a task designed to elicit Spanish transitive verbs and direct objects. The children’s comprehension of Spanish vocabulary was measured by a standardized test.

Data and Analysis:

The children produced 743 transitive verbs, which were coded for grammatical aspect, comparing progressive and non-progressive forms, and for whether the verbs were “mixed” (verbs that routinely occur with or without a direct object among adults) or “non-mixed” (verbs that generally occur with a direct object among adults).

Findings:

The adults rarely omitted directed objects, whereas the children frequently did. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses demonstrate that the higher the children’s Spanish vocabulary score, the less they omitted. Furthermore, progressive verb forms and mixed verbs increased the likelihood of omission. The progressive effect is interpreted as a reflection of children’s tendency to associate atelicity with intransitivity. The mixed-verb effect is interpreted as reflecting a lack of understanding of the discourse conditions that render omission infelicitous with mixed verbs. These two verb-level effects dissipated with age, suggesting a loosening of the atelicity–intransitivity association and an increasing awareness of the discourse conditions that guide direct object expression.

Originality:

The study demonstrates that bilingual children’s omission patterns are guided by progressive aspect and verb type, thus revealing an intricate and nuanced developmental pathway.

Implications:

While previous research has shown that bilingual children omit more direct objects than monolingual children, this study reveals important systematicities in bilingual children’s omission patterns. Studying child heritage speakers’ grammars in their own right paves the way for a deeper understanding of the systematic nature of the developing heritage grammar.
Experimental and FE analysis of composite RC beams with encased pultruded GFRP I-beam under static loads
Authors: Ibrahim Teghreed H , Allawi Abbas A , El-Zohairy Ayman
Published: October 2022

Encasing glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beam with reinforced concrete (RC) improves stability, prevents buckling of the web, and enhances the fire resistance efficiency. This paper provides experimental and numerical investigations on the flexural performance of RC specimens composite with encased pultruded GFRP I-sections. The effect of using shear studs to improve the composite interaction between the GFRP beam and concrete was explored. Three specimens were tested under three-point loading. The deformations, strains in the GFRP beams, and slippages between the GFRP beams and concrete were recorded. The embedded GFRP beam enhanced the peak loads by 65% and 51% for the composite specimens with and without shear connectors, respectively. Moreover, a non-linear Finite Element (FE) model was developed and validated by the experimental results to conduct a parametric study. The peak loads of the composite specimen without shear studs increased by 14% and 31% and of the composite specimen with shear studs increased by 20% and 32% for the compressive strength of 35 MPa and 45 MPa, respectively.
Circular tube-in-tube dampers for seismic resilience of structures
Authors: Fazlalipour Neda , Saeed Monir Habib , Eyvazinejad Firouzsalari Saeed
Published: October 2022

A new brace-type slit damper, called ‘Circular Tube-in-Tube Damper (C-TTD), comprises two solid steel cylinders and one circular cross-section tube equipped with slotted holes, is proposed for seismic resilience of structures. In the proposed damper, a system of bolts was used to connect up various components of the damper, allowing inspection and replacement of the damaged components without any requirement for the replacement of the entire damper. Nonlinear finite element analyses using ABAQUS were carried out to verify the experimental results and to investigate the effect of damper geometric properties on the yield load capacity of the C-TTD dampers. The seismic performance characteristics of 4-storey, 8-storey, and 15-storey steel structures equipped with C-TTD dampers were determined by nonlinear time history analyses using three different earthquake excitations. The results indicated that when the structures were equipped with C-TTD dampers, the inter storey drift decreased in the range of 8%–55%, the base shear load decreased in the range of 27%–35%, and the input energy decreased in the range of 70%–80%, depending on the number of storeys and the earthquake type, compared to the counterpart structures without the damper.
The causal mechanisms behind expansive basic universalism in Kosovo
Authors: Mustafa Artan
Published: October 2022

The majority of Kosovo’s public social welfare provision is today spent on basic universal programmes, namely, old-age pensions, healthcare services and child benefits. These programmes are tax-financed, citizenship-based and unconditional with regard to other criteria. Such expansive basic universalism is unusual for the Western Balkans and the rest of post-socialist Southeastern Europe. The first two of these programmes emerged through a complex process of policy formation led by powerful international organisations (IOs). The third programme was more recently initiated by the first-ever left-wing majority that came to power after two decades of democratic elections, implementing a manifesto that endorses a progressive policy mix. This outcome is counterintuitive: the IOs would be naturally expected to lean towards means-tested, targeted programmes, and Kosovo to crystallise into a (neo)liberal welfare regime (path-dependency). The article examines the detailed causal mechanisms that intervened in producing the outcome. Basic universalism has already had a significant impact in Kosovo by contributing to poverty reduction, the size of overall social protection expenditure and citizenship-building, and by serving as a good policy standard.
Robust estimation of axial loads sustained by tie-rods in historical structures using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Makoond Nirvan , Pelà Luca , Molins Climent
Published: October 2022

Widely used simplified analytical methods for estimating the tensile force in tie-rods are clearly not applicable when they contain significant discontinuities or irregularities. A common example for which this fact becomes relevant in practice is the use of connectors to unify historical ties consisting of several segments. To address this challenge, a robust hybrid methodology is proposed which can be applied to any historical tie by employing a data-driven approach to a dataset generated using the finite element method. The methodology is applied to a real case study involving two historical ties.
Can Recall Data Be Trusted? Evaluating Reliability of Interview Data on Traditional Multilingualism in Highland Daghestan
Authors: Daniel Michael , Koshevoy Alexey , Schurov Ilya , Dobrushina Nina
Published: October 2022

In this article, we address the issue of reliability of quantitative data on multilingualism of the past obtained as recall data. More specifically, we investigate whether the interviewees’ assessments of the language repertoires of their late relatives (indirect data) provide results that are quantitatively similar to those obtained from the people of the same age range themselves (direct data). The empirical data we use come from an ongoing field study of traditional multilingualism in Daghestan (Russia). We trained machine learning models to see whether they can detect differences in indirect and direct data. We conclude that our indirect quantitative data on L2 other than Russian are essentially similar to direct data, while there may be a small but systematic underestimation when reporting others’ knowledge of Russian.
Caring for Ourselves, Supporting Anti-Racist Programming in Medicine
Authors: Mitchell Taylor , Williamson Theresa
Published: October 2022

Healthcare disparities and racism are finally being addressed in medical education. Medical schools are working to implement anti-racist programming; however, this can have a negative impact on the mental health of doctors and medical students of color. Continually hearing about people of one’s racial group suffering from inequity can have a negative personal and performance impact. Specifically, providers of color want to be a part of the anti-racist movement, but it takes a toll on their mental and emotional wellbeing in the process. Through the support of their respective institutions, it is important for these providers to prioritize self-care such as engaging in physical activity, coaching and therapy. By caring for themselves in and outside of the work environment, providers of color will be better able to fight for anti-racism in healthcare. In this essay, we discuss the importance of health disparity education, challenges in implementing successful healthcare disparity curricula, and possible solutions to support providers and trainees of color.
How sajiao (playing cute) wins forgiveness: The effectiveness of emojis in rebuilding trust through apology
Authors: Yang Kun
Published: October 2022

Prior studies have found that emojis can contribute to rebuilding customers’ trust when after-sale staff apologize to them, but studies on the different types of emojis and their different levels of effectiveness in rebuilding trust are still needed. In this paper, we explore the different types and frequencies of emojis and their effectiveness in rebuilding trust based on commercial discourses. Our data are collected from conversations between after-sale staff and customers during Ali Trademanager after-sale service. We find three types of emojis frequently used when after-sale staff apologizing to customers: face-related emojis, gesture-related emojis, and object-related emojis. Moreover, face-related emojis are the most frequently used, as their nature is to express emotion and attitude. The most effective emojis are the whimper emoji and kiss emoji, which are used by after-sale staff for sajiao (literally, ‘playing cute’). On the other hand, we show that the least effective emojis are the sorry emoji and happy emoji, which are deemed insincere because they violate the quality maxim and quantity maxim in the Cooperative Principle. This paper thus contributes to understanding the nature and function of emojis in commercial communication.
Silent memorylands: City branding and the coloniality of cultural memory in the Hamburg HafenCity
Authors: Prinzleve Jonas
Published: October 2022

This article illustrates the predicaments of self-acclaimed global cities that come under pressure to decolonise heritage practices. Examining the politics of public memory in post-imperial Hamburg through the inner-city redevelopment project Hamburg HafenCity, it shows how commemorative landscapes are co-produced by market rationalities. Through document analysis and interviews with city planners, artists and campaigners, the article explores urban toponymies and heritage sites as relational and contested configurations of post-colonial memory and culture. It finds that the HafenCity’s colonial heritage premediates the area’s contemporary symbolic programme which celebrates European expansion, cosmopolitanism and Hamburg’s maritime tradition. The article engages with the multiple modes of encounter and performative responses that (neo-)colonial memory landscapes elicit. It redraws the affective geographies of (un-)belonging in a post-imperial city and charts decolonial propositions of civil society actors.
Clinical Outcomes Following Suturing of Sheath of Peroneal Tendons to the Calcaneal Plate as an Innovative Technique for Reduction of Peroneal Tendon Instability Accompanying Calcaneal Fracture
Authors: Vosoughi Amir Reza , Hashemipour Babak , Khademi Sahar , Akbarzadeh Armin , Shayan Zahra
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes following suturing of sheath of peroneal tendons to the calcaneal plate as an innovative technique for reduction of peroneal tendon instability (PTI) accompanying calcaneal fracture surgically treated via extensile lateral approach (ELA).

Methods

In a retrospective comparative study, among 245 operatively treated calcaneal fractures through ELA, we had 33 cases with PTI who underwent relocation of the peroneal tendons with ethibond suture in a figure-of-8 shape, passed through 2 parts of sheath of peroneal tendons and stitched to the calcaneal plate. Of the 33 cases, 12 were evaluated in the experimental group. Twelve surgically treated calcaneal fractures without PTI were matched as the control group. The outcome of the patients was assessed by American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, Foot Function Index (FFI) percentage, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain, changes in Tegner activity level, maximal peroneal muscles strength testing, modified Star Excursion Balance Test (mSEBT), and triple hop for distance (THD) test. For the last 3 tests, the difference between operated and normal feet was calculated for each patient and this difference was compared between the 2 groups.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale (P = .09), FFI percentage (P = .12), VAS pain (P = .73), changes in Tegner activity level (P = .87), maximal peroneal muscles strength testing (P = .45), mSEBT (P > .05), and THD (P = .87) tests. We had a case with point tenderness on retromalleolar groove and 4 cases with paresthesia in the territory of the sural nerve in the experimental group in contrary to one case of sural nerve paresthesia in the control group (P = .31).

Conclusions

Relocation of peroneal tendons in PTI accompanying calcaneal fractures by fixing sheath of peroneal tendons to the calcaneal plate could be an acceptable procedure with good outcomes but may have increased chance of sural nerve injury.

Levels of Evidence:

Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective
Dancing with Data: A Collaborative and Critical Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Tristano Michael , Terminel Iberri Ana Isabel
Published: October 2022

This paper contributes to the literature on collaborative scholarship by bringing together data from two different critical qualitative dissertation projects in order to better understand the way power complexly flows through communities in both academic and non-academic contexts. The metaphor of dance is used throughout this piece in order to capture the embodied and messy process of being in collaboration with one another as researchers, as scholars, and as people that experience the material consequences of structures of power. We offer insight into our process and provide various examples of how our data danced with one another. We conclude with a discussion that adds to the conversation of collaborative, critical qualitative scholarship and the politics which shape our research commitments.
The Hateful People: Populist Attitudes Predict Interpersonal and Intergroup Hate
Authors: Martínez Cristhian A. , van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Van Lange Paul A. M.
Published: October 2022

Do populist attitudes predict a growth in feelings of hate? Or does experiencing hate predict a growth in populist attitudes? Previous research has not yet examined the relation between populist attitudes and hate over time. We conducted a two-wave study with a Dutch adult sample in the Netherlands, to examine the time-extended associations between populism and hate, thereby focusing on other individuals ( N = 943) or groups ( N = 851) as targets of hate. For interpersonal and intergroup hate, results uncovered an association between populist attitudes and hate, such that, earlier populist attitudes predict later feelings of hate, while the reverse associations were virtually absent. The findings provide new evidence that a populist worldview might fuel feelings of hate over time, rather than the reverse, highlighting the intense and strong negative feelings that the populist worldview can inspire among people. Further implications are discussed.
Narrative Writing Progress of Rural Elementary Students in Mixed-Ability Online Pairings
Authors: Lee Sung Hee , Bernstein Malayna
Published: October 2022

This article reports on a qualitative secondary data analysis of a study of upper elementary students’ narrative writing progress in U.S. rural schools. It compares students working online in pairs with those working alone. We explain why the intervention had some positive effects for struggling writers but few effects for skilled writers. The qualitative analysis of student online writing products, student peer feedback, and teacher interviews indicated that struggling writers in the experimental group wrote more ambitious but less coherent stories than struggling writers in the control group, and that skilled writers in the experimental group received poor-quality feedback and were less inclined to revise than skilled writers in the control group. We provide suggestions for writing instruction and technology support for skilled and struggling writers.
Genomic Architecture of Yield Performance of an Elite Rice Hybrid Revealed by its Derived Recombinant Inbred Line and Their Backcross Hybrid Populations
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhang Conghe , Zhao Xiuqin , Zhu Shuangbing , Chen Kai , Zhou Guixiang , Wu Zhichao , Li Min , Zheng Tianqing , Wang Wensheng , Yan Zhi , Fei Qinyong , Li Zhikang , Chen Jinjie , Xu Jianlong
Published: October 2022

Background

Since its development and wide adoption in China, hybrid rice has reached the yield plateau for more than three decades. To understand the genetic basis of heterosis in rice and accelerate hybrid rice breeding, the yield performances of the elite rice hybrid, Quan-you-si-miao (QYSM) were genetically dissected by whole-genome sequencing, large-scale phenotyping of 1061 recombined inbred lines (RILs) and 1061 backcross F1 (BCF1) hybrids derived from QYSM’s parents across three environments and gene-based analyses.

Results

Genome-wide scanning of 13,847 segregating genes between the parents and linkage mapping based on 855 bins across the rice genome and phenotyping experiments across three environments resulted in identification of large numbers of genes, 639 main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) and 2736 epistatic QTLs with significant additive or heterotic effects on the trait performances of the combined population consisting of RILs and BCF1 hybrids, most of which were environment-specific. The 324 M-QTLs affecting yield components included 32.7% additive QTLs, 38.0% over-dominant or dominant ones with strong and positive effects and 29.3% under-dominant or incomplete recessive ones with significant negative heterotic effects.

63.6% of 1403 genes with allelic introgression from subspecies japonica/Geng in the parents of QYSM may have contributed significantly to the enhanced yield performance of QYSM.

Conclusions

The parents of QYSM and related rice hybrids in China carry disproportionally more additive and under-dominant genes/QTLs affecting yield traits. Further focus in indica/Xian rice breeding should shift back to improving inbred varieties, while breaking yield ceiling of Xian hybrids can be achieved by one or combinations of the three strategies: (1) by pyramiding favorable alleles of additive genes, (2) by eliminating or minimizing under-dominant loci, and (3) by pyramiding overdominant/dominant genes polymorphic, particularly those underlying inter-subspecific heterosis.
Leveraging family history in genetic association analyses of binary traits
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Meigs James B. , Liu Ching-Ti , Dupuis Josée , Sarnowski Chloé
Published: October 2022

Background

Considering relatives’ health history in logistic regression for case–control genome-wide association studies (CC-GWAS) may provide new information that increases accuracy and power to detect disease associated genetic variants. We conducted simulations and analyzed type 2 diabetes (T2D) data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) to compare two methods, liability threshold model conditional on both case–control status and family history (LT-FH) and Fam-meta, which incorporate family history into CC-GWAS.

Results

In our simulation scenario of trait with modest T2D heritability (h2 = 0.28), variant minor allele frequency ranging from 1% to 50%, and 1% of phenotype variance explained by the genetic variants, Fam-meta had the highest overall power, while both methods incorporating family history were more powerful than CC-GWAS. All three methods had controlled type I error rates, while LT-FH was the most conservative with a lower-than-expected error rate. In addition, we observed a substantial increase in power of the two familial history methods compared to CC-GWAS when the prevalence of the phenotype increased with age. Furthermore, we showed that, when only the phenotypes of more distant relatives were available, Fam-meta still remained more powerful than CC-GWAS, confirming that leveraging disease history of both close and distant relatives can increase power of association analyses. Using FHS data, we confirmed the well-known association of TCF7L2 region with T2D at the genome-wide threshold of P-value < 5 × 10–8, and both familial history methods increased the significance of the region compared to CC-GWAS. We identified two loci at 5q35 (ADAMTS2) and 5q23 (PRR16), not previously reported for T2D using CC-GWAS and Fam-meta; both genes play a role in cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, CC-GWAS detected one more significant locus at 13q31 (GPC6) reported associated with T2D-related traits.

Conclusions

Overall, LT-FH and Fam-meta had higher power than CC-GWAS in simulations, especially using phenotypes that were more prevalent in older age groups, and both methods detected known genetic variants with lower P-values in real data application, highlighting the benefits of including family history in genetic association studies.