bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Por uma leitura político-militar da Revolução Russa: o Estado Soviético e o comunismo de guerra permanente
Authors: Morais Ronaldo Queiroz de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo centra energia na leitura da política soviética construída no calor revolucionário, isto é, o ato hermenêutico que parte do desdobramento da lama das batalhas reais e imaginadas travadas no afã da construção de um estado proletário. Trata-se de descarga político-militar com o propósito de salvaguardar o projeto de superação do capitalismo, diante do iminente perigo da contrarrevolução. Nesse sentido, o autoritarismo soviético foi, com efeito, de matriz militar, carregado de disciplina e hierarquia belicosa, genealogia antes encontrada nos manuais militares do que nos livros de política marxista emancipatória. É o que explica a emergência de uma sociedade militarizada da cabeça aos pés. O objetivo principal deste artigo é o de interpretação político-militar acerca do processo revolucionário russo de 1917, a fim de constituir uma paisagem do real vivido com base nas práticas belicosas que acompanharam a formação do Estado Soviético. Assim, é possível, ao longo do texto, inferir que há uma importante singularidade no contexto revolucionário em tela, momento de emergência das guerras totais, que impactou no devir do primeiro Estado Socialista do século XX.
Utopia and dystopia in the age of the Anthropocene
Authors: Vieira Patrícia
Published: January 2021

A product of Modernity, utopian and dystopian thought has always hinged upon an assessment as to whether humanity would be able to fulfil the promise of socio-economic, political and techno-scientific progress. In this paper, I argue that the predominantly dystopian outlook of the past century or so marked a move away from former views on human progress. Rather than commenting on humanity’s inability to build a better society, current dystopianism betrays the view that the human species as such is an impediment to harmonious life on Earth. I discuss the shift from utopia to dystopia (and back) as a result of regarding humans as a force that does more harm than good, and I consider the possibility of human extinction within the framework of dystopian and utopian visions. The final section of the chapter turns to Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam trilogy as a fictional example that plays out the prospect of a world in which humans have all but become extinct.
On the ice-nucleating potential of warm hydrometeors in mixed-phase clouds
Authors: Krayer Michael , Chouippe Agathe , Uhlmann Markus , Dušek Jan , Leisner Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The question as to whether or not the presence of warm hydrometeors in clouds may
play a significant role in the nucleation of new ice particles has been debated
for several decades. While the early works of Fukuta and Lee (1986) and
Baker (1991) indicated that it might be irrelevant, the more recent
study of Prabhakaran et al. (2020) suggested otherwise. In this work, we
attempt to quantify the ice-nucleating potential using high-fidelity flow
simulation techniques around a single hydrometeor and use favorable considerations
to upscale the effects to a collective of ice particles in clouds. While we find that ice nucleation
may be significantly enhanced in the vicinity of a warm hydrometeor
and that the affected volume of air is much larger than previously estimated, it is
unlikely that this effect alone causes the rapid
enhancement of ice nucleation observed in some types of clouds, mainly due to the low
initial volumetric ice concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the excess nucleation
rate does not primarily depend on the rate at which cloud volume is sampled by the meteors'
wakes but is rather limited by the exposure time of ice-nucleating particles to the wake,
which is estimated to be of the order of few microseconds. It is suggested to further investigate
this phenomenon by tracking the trajectories of ice-nucleating particles in order to obtain
a parametrization which can be implemented into existing cloud models to investigate second-order effects
such as ice enhancement after the onset of glaciation.
Ion acoustic waves near a comet nucleus: Rosetta observations at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
Authors: Gunell Herbert , Goetz Charlotte , Odelstad Elias , Beth Arnaud , Hamrin Maria , Henri Pierre , Johansson Fredrik L. , Nilsson Hans , Stenberg Wieser Gabriella
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ion acoustic waves were observed between 15 and 30 km from the centre
of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by the Rosetta spacecraft during
its close flyby on 28 March 2015. There are two electron populations:
one cold at kBTe≈0.2 eV and one
warm at kBTe≈2 eV. The ions are
dominated by a cold (a few hundredths of electronvolt) distribution of
water group ions with a bulk speed of (3–3.7) km s−1. A
warm kBTe≈6 eV ion population,
which also is present, has no influence on the ion acoustic waves due
to its low density of only 0.25 % of the plasma density.
Near closest approach the propagation direction was within
50∘ from the direction of the bulk velocity. The waves, which
in the plasma frame appear below the ion plasma frequency
fpi≈2 kHz, are Doppler-shifted to the
spacecraft frame where they cover a frequency range up to
approximately 4 kHz.
The waves are detected in a region of space where the
magnetic field is piled up and draped around the inner part of the
ionised coma. Estimates of the current associated with the magnetic
field gradient as observed by Rosetta are used as input to
calculations of dispersion relations for current-driven ion acoustic
waves, using kinetic theory. Agreement between theory and observations
is obtained for electron and ion distributions with the properties
described above. The wave power decreases over cometocentric
distances from 24 to 30 km. The main difference between the
plasma at closest approach and in the region where the waves are
decaying is the absence of a significant current in the latter. Wave
observations and theory combined supplement the particle measurements
that are difficult at low energies and complicated by spacecraft
charging.
Denitrification by benthic foraminifera and their contribution to N-loss from a fjord environment
Authors: Choquel Constance , Geslin Emmanuelle , Metzger Edouard , Filipsson Helena L. , Risgaard-Petersen Nils , Launeau Patrick , Giraud Manuel , Jauffrais Thierry , Jesus Bruno , Mouret Aurélia
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Oxygen and nitrate availabilities impact the marine nitrogen cycle at a range of spatial and temporal scales. Here, we demonstrate the impact of
denitrifying foraminifera on the nitrogen cycle at two oxygen and nitrate contrasting stations in a fjord environment (Gullmar Fjord,
Sweden). Denitrification by benthic foraminifera was determined through the combination of specific density counting per microhabitat and specific
nitrate respiration rates obtained through incubation experiments using N2O microsensors. Benthic nitrate removal was calculated from
submillimeter chemical gradients extracted from 2D porewater images of the porewater nitrate concentration. These were acquired by combining the DET
technique (diffusive equilibrium in thin film) with chemical colorimetry and hyperspectral imagery. Sediments with high nitrate concentrations in
the porewater and oxygenated overlying water were dominated by the non-indigenous species (NIS) Nonionella sp. T1. Denitrification by this
species could account for 50 %–100 % of the nitrate loss estimated from the nitrate gradients. In contrast sediments below hypoxic bottom
waters had low inventories of porewater nitrate, and denitrifying foraminifera were rare. Their contribution to benthic nitrate removal was
negligible (< 5 %). Our study showed that benthic foraminifera can be a major contributor to nitrogen mitigation in oxic coastal ecosystems
and should be included in ecological and diagenetic models aiming to understand biogeochemical cycles coupled to nitrogen.
Music streaming and its consequences within the dynamics of power, consumption and creation
Authors: Hadjis Labarca Ulises
Published: January 2021

Streaming has dominated the consumption of music and audiovisual media over the last five years. 80% of music in Mexico is now consumed through streaming (Gutiérrez, 2019) YouTube, Netflix and Spotify present an unquestionable hegemony in the Western world. This article shows how consumption through the streaming of music tracks, in conjunction with non-possession, opens up a new space in the world of music production and distribution, which in many aspects changes the creation of composers. The article also considers the power dynamics of the recommendation algorithm on various platforms.
Aporte socioeconómico de la empresa aceitera San José en El Rama, Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua
Authors: Flores Morales Jairo José , Mondragón Marín Pastora
Published: January 2021

Este artículo aborda el aporte económico y la incidencia social que la Empresa Aceitera San José ofrece en El Rama - Región Autónoma de la Costa Caribe Sur de Nicaragua. Su finalidad principal es determinar el aporte en los aspectos sociales y económicos que esta empresa hace al municipio, y la forma en que contribuye a la formulación e implementación de acciones a favor del desarrollo local sostenible. Para ello se usó un paradigma positivista, con enfoque mixto y nivel de profundidad explicativo. Se usaron la observación participante y la encuesta como instrumentos investigativos; la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) que este último instrumento obtuvo fue de 0.922. Se concluye que el grado de satisfacción al trabajar en la Empresa San José es muy buena; o sea, que los colaboradores mayormente están contentos con lo que la empresa ha hecho por su economía familiar y proyectos sociales. Se encontraron diversos programas sociales hacia la comunidad y de impacto positivo hacia los colaboradores, concretizando sus políticas de premiación a su labor en la empresa. La empresa ofrece apoyo humano, técnicos o financieros para ayudar a los colectivos menos favorecidos en la sociedad. Existe una política interna de apoyo a los colaboradores, y éstas se encuentran dentro de los documentos oficiales de la Empresa Aceitera, pero se requiere que la Empresa San José dé a conocer a sus colaboradores los aportes que realiza en materia social y económica en el Rama, para ello debe destinar tiempo en reuniones u asambleas generales para informar del quehacer de la empresa
Sistemas de gestión de la calidad: Una mejora en la calidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior en Nicaragua
Authors: Hernández Castellón Juan Antonio , Zamora Díaz Winston Joseph
Published: January 2021

Esta reflexión educativa aborda los sistemas de gestión de la calidad de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Nicaragüense. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica que interioriza, reflexiona y genera aportes sobre calidad y gestión educativa.  En este sentido, se aprecia una relación directa entre una buena gestión universitaria desde las distintas áreas y la calidad del servicio educativo; y la aplicación de normas de calidad es una herramienta de gestión que promueve la competitividad y garantiza la excelencia académica. En definitiva, se evidencia la necesidad de implementar sistemas de gestión que permitan alcanzar altos niveles de desempeño organizacional y al mismo tiempo, excelentes resultados de aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes.
Workers’ Remittances and Economic Growth: Evidence From Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Tamanna
Published: January 2021

Workers’ remittances are assuming a significant function as a wellspring of foreign exchange earnings for developing countries. As a result, these countries inflows are growing rapidly. This study inspects the relationship between worker’s remittances and economic growth of Bangladesh using the data set for the period 2007-2018. The results using the Granger-causality test show that the workers’ remittances and economic growth show a bi-directional causal relation. There is a bi-directional causal relation between capital and economic growth. The relationship is negative when the study considers number of workers growth and economic growth. The used growth model shows that economic growth of Bangladesh is remittances-dependent. Hence, it provides evidence to support those remittances is a regulating issue of economic growth of Bangladesh.
Improving the Mechanisms of Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Minnibaeva Aliya Zyalilevna , Vaslavskaya Irina Yurievna , Koshkina Irina Alexandrovna , Ziyatdinov Artur Faridovich
Published: January 2021

Development of the Russian economy causes the growth of public requirements and structural changes connected with it directed to an increase in the efficiency of social and economic tasks solution. Need of partnership of the state and private business development for the solution of problems in the social and economic sphere predetermines by the insufficiency of opportunities of the public (budgetary) financing of investment projects, large-scale and significant for society. The public-private partnership (PPP) acts as one of the modern economic mechanisms allowing realizing the interaction of the state and business. The PPP, on the one side, represents a special form of influence of state authorities and management for the purpose of stimulation of business activity, and with another, acts as the economic mechanism of the solution of social and economic tasks. The article is devoted to the consideration of the public-private partnership mechanism as one of the most modern methods of economic activity state regulation which basis the basic coordination principle of the parties interests and allowing to combine interests and technologies of business. Need and the prospects of further development of mechanisms of state-private partnership on the basis of the state strategic planning are proved. Special attention is paid to the interrelation of development of public-private partnership and need of theoretical scientific research in the field of improvement of institutional, ensuring its realization. It is shown that the role of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the economy is defined, first of all, by its elements as subjects and objects of public-private partnership, priority spheres of realization. Authors allocate and describe a number of aspects of the mechanism of functioning of public-private partnership, namely: organizational and legal, financial and investment, technical and organizational, regional. In the article, the main problems connected with the development of the mechanism of PPP, including with lack of the description of concrete mechanisms of use of the majority of forms of PPP and lack of regulation of questions of division of powers between public authorities and business are allocated and proved.
Forest Machinery Fires
Authors: Visser Rien , McDell Samuel Lloyd , Obi Okey Francis
Published: January 2021

Fires in forest machines are typically catastrophic in terms of machine destruction and can develop rapidly to be a risk to the machine operator. They are an issue worldwide and there can be larger consequences such as starting a major forest fire. This paper describes trends in machine fire occurrences in the New Zealand forest harvesting sector. A total of 224 machinery fire incidents were recorded over an 8 year period from 2007 to 2014. Trends in forest machinery fires in the sector were identified and summarized. Late morning (10 am-noon) and mid-afternoon (2–4 pm) showed the highest incidence of machine fire, corresponding to periods with the highest level of work. Excluding the main holiday months, there was a correlation of machine fires to average monthly temperature. Summary statistics on causes of fire ignition showed that 40% were attributed to electrical and hydraulic faults; however, some remain unidentified as the fires commenced after work was completed. A short survey of industry managers was carried out to ascertain machine fire perceptions. 67% agreed that machine fire was an issue, and only 33% thought the current industry procedures were sufficient to mitigate them. The report concludes with proactive measures to reduce the incidence of forest machine fire risk.
Vertical Crown Fuel Distributions in Natural Calabrian Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) Stands
Authors: Baysal İsmail
Published: January 2021

Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) is the most widely distributed coniferous species in Turkey. Forests mostly composed of Calabrian pine constitute the most flammable forests in fire sensitive regions of the country. Especially, regenerated and immature stands of this species have the most fire-prone fuel type. This study evaluates the results of vertical crown fuel distribution and develops some crown fuel models to explain canopy fuel characteristics in natural Calabrian pine stands. A total of 35 trees were cut down and crown fuels were determined vertically. The highest crown fuel load was generally situated in the middle part of tree crown. The percentage of needles in each crown section increased gradually from the beginning of lower parts to the upper parts of tree crowns for three stand types. Total crown fuel loads were determined as 5.66 kg for regenerated stands, 11.57 kg for immature stands and 17.44 kg for middle age stands, respectively. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between needles, branches, available fuels, total crown fuels and tree properties. The results of crown fuel distribution and the allometric equations developed in this study can be used to predict vertical fuel load at any height from ground to the top of Calabrian pine stands. The results of this study will contribute to the verification and evaluation of fuel load prediction models in use, and enhance the understanding of crown fire behavior mechanism in forest fires.
Shifting the Focus from an International Towards a more Regional Cultural Heritage Protection in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Kirchmair Lando
Published: January 2021

This article seeks to contribute to shifting the focus from an international, towards a regional cultural heritage protection in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). While especially the destruction of Palmyra has drawn much of worldwide attention, this has wrongly led to an exaggerated impression of a region in need of international interventionism. An example of such an excessive internationalism is the call for international action triggered by the announced status change of the Hagia Sophia. In contrast to a too dominant international focus, this contribution aims to put a spotlight on the regional framework for the protection of cultural heritage in the MENA. By sketching regional cultural heritage protection, this article wants to contribute to laying the ground for future research on the topic, delving more into the normative potential as well as the empirical realities of the day-to-day protection of cultural heritage in the MENA.
Principles for the Development of Domain Conceptual Models for Knowledge Organization Systems: An Analysis of Methodologies for Developing Learning Paths in the Field of Corporate Education
Authors: Lima Gercina Ângela de , Campos Maria Luiza de Almeida , França Patrícia Lopes Ferreira
Published: January 2021

This article presents a set of principles for knowledge modeling in knowledge organization systems in specific domains. It discusses the representational problem, comparing the abstraction mechanisms present in the theories related to representation in concept systems, taken from foundational authors of information science, computer science, and terminology approaches. Parallel to this context, several representational possibilities arise to assist the modeler in the activity of elaborating models of representation. It describes the application of theoretical and methodological principles when organizing, representing, and managing navigation on learning paths in the corporate education field. As a concept proof, it exposes a conceptual model of learning paths and discusses a literature review on this subject to verify to what extent these principles are being applied. It concludes that we can consider the principles discussed in this study as relevant, since they expand the modelers’ freedom, not making him hostage to a specific model.
Eigenbedarfsähnliche Kündigungsgründe und vermietende Gesellschaften
Authors: Palmen Hannes
Published: January 2021

Can a company reside? With this question the debate about the so-called attributed personal housing need began. It is questionable whether the housing need of a partner can be attributed to the company, so that the company can terminate the lease. This problem is however generalizable for all interests similar to housing need: Can the company refer to any personal need of a partner and therefore terminate the contract? The work deals in detail with the previous approaches to solving this problem in jurisprudence and science and then offers an innovative solution.
Editorial
Authors: Ad�s Dawn , Williams Fiona
Published: January 2021

Welcome to the start of the 2021 volume (Volume 9) of the Journal of the British Academy, our multi- and interdisciplinary journal publishing articles in the humanities and social sciences. It was in 2013 that the British Academy added to its academic publishing portfolio �an open access online journal that would meet the expectations of modern scholars and be more easily available for new readerships�. The Journal of the British Academy has continued the tradition of publishing articles drawn from the Academy�s own programme of lectures. But in the last few months of 2020 the Journal extended its range of content to include important contributions on the COVID-19 pandemic drawn from other Academy research and policy programmes. These articles demonstrate the expanded vision that we now have for the Journal of the British Academy. We are looking to strengthen the Journal as a platform for high-quality informed comment by scholars working in the humanities and social sciences, on matters of political, social and cultural interest. It will tap new and exciting thinking and research. It will provide space for reflection on current scholarship, and the exploration of new areas. It will highlight the international range of the British Academy�s interests.
Climate migration and the UK
Authors: Parsons Laurie
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the relationship between climate change and migration in the context of the UK. After a brief overview of climate migration scholarship, it examines the framing of climate migration as a crisis in UK policy discourse, highlighting the disjuncture between policy and academic scholarship in this respect. Subsequently, it examines the reasons for this schism, exploring both the framing of climate migration within the UK media landscape and the securitisation of the topic within UK government policy. Finally, the article explores how the UK�s political landscape undergirds the political logic of climate finance, emphasising the role of British domestic politics in shaping the boundaries and direction of climate change as it manifests in governance. The article closes by exploring potential new directions in UK climate migration policy.
Participación de las familias de alumnado con apoyos y atenciones diferentes: un estudio en un contexto multicultural
Authors: Carmona Sáez Patricia , Martínez Joaquín Parra , Gomariz Vicente María Ángeles
Published: January 2021

Familia y escuela colaborando en la educación del alumnado es un deseo y un derecho reconocido por la comunidad educativa. Se aborda, en un contexto multicultural en el sureste español, centrando la mirada de las familias cuyos hijos de Educación Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria Obligatoria reciben apoyo o atención diferentes. Busca conocer su implicación en la educación de los hijos y si existen diferencias respecto a la implicación de familias cuando sus hijos reciben, o no, apoyo o atención diferentes y en función de variables sociodemográficas. Han participado 3639 familias, se aplicó un cuestionario de elevada fiabilidad, con siete dimensiones de la participación. Las familias cuyos descendientes reciben apoyo o atención diferentes, atendiendo al modelo teórico que se defiende, se comunican más frecuentemente con los centros, muestran un elevado sentimiento de pertenencia, y valoran su participación formal en la escuela a través de órganos colegiados de manera más intensa.

What family and school have to collaborate in the education of our children and youth is a desire and a recognized right to families. It is the obligation of schools to promote family involvement in schools. It is approached, in a multicultural context in the south-east of Spain and focusing, the look of the families whose children of Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education have some specific need for educational support (NEAE). We pretend to know their involvement in the education of children and if there are differences regarding the involvement of families whose children do not have NEAE. 3639 families participated, a highly reliable questionnaire was applied, with seven dimensions of participation. The families whose descendants present NEAE communicate more frequently with the schools, show a high feeling of belonging, and value their formal participation in the school through collegiate ways more intensively.
Co-produzione di valore nei servizi museali e performance multidimensionali: un approccio dinamico a supporto del management culturale
Authors: VIGNIERI VINCENZO
Published: January 2021

Contesto della ricerca: nei piccoli centri urbani la co-produzione di servizi museali può essere una leva per la generazione di valore pubblico. Obiettivi del paper: lo scritto mira ad illustrare come un approccio multidimensionale di performance governance sia in grado di offrire una prospettiva sistemica per l’identificazione degli outcome gestionali, organizzativi e di comunità nonché di evidenziare leve per il miglioramento dei processi di generazione di valore nei musei e a beneficio della comunità. Metodologia: dapprima si è proceduto alla revisione della letteratura sul tema della co-produzione di servizi pubblici. Per analizzare le performance di tali contesti collaborativi si è costruito un framework multidimensionale, poi applicato ad un caso di studio. Infine, si è proceduto al riscontro delle proposizioni avanzate. Risultati: l’articolo evidenza in che modo la co-produzione sia in grado di apportare risorse aggiuntive rispetto a quelle in possesso all’organizzazione istituzionalmente responsabile del servizio. Inoltre, dall’applicazione del modello al caso emergono misure di performance gestionali, organizzative e di comunità. Limiti della ricerca: le limitazioni attengono alla reperibilità di informazioni quantitative per valutare gli effetti della iniziativa. Implicazioni pratiche: l’identificazione di performance driver fa emergere gli effetti della disponibilità di risorse sui diversi livelli di performance, evidenziando le connessioni causali che rivelano il contributo della co-produzione agli outcome. Originalità del paper: l’articolo sviluppa il framework analitico Dynamic Multidimensional Performance Governance ed evidenzia il contributo che la co-produzione offre ai processi di generazione di valore nei piccoli centri.
Reaction of titanium-modulated nickel with germanium-tin under microwave and rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Liu Wei , Ping Yun-Xia , Yang Jun , Xue Zhong-Ying , Wei Xing , Wu Ai-Min , Yu Wen-Jie , Zhang Bo ,   School of Mathematics and Statistics, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China,   State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
Published: January 2021

As the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible with group IV materials, germanium tin (GeSn) alloys have potential applications in photonics and microelectronics. With the increase of tin (Sn) content, GeSn alloys can change from indirect bandgap semiconductor to direct bandgap semiconductor. On the other hand, GeSn alloys have a higher hole mobility than Ge and can be used as channel materials in metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Therefore, the properties of GeSn alloys are studied extensively. In this work, the solid-phase reaction between Ni and GeSn is investigated under microwave annealing (MWA) and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions. We use the four-point probe method to measure the sheet resistance, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine the surface morphology of the sample, the cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) to analyze the microstructures of the metal stanogermanides, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) to observe the elements’ distribution of different samples. It is shown that the flat Nickel stanogermanide (NiGeSn) films are obtained at 300 ℃ for MWA and at 350 ℃ for RTA. By analyzing the distributions of sample elements, we find that Sn atoms continue to diffuse into the NiGeSn layer and are segregate mainly at the interface between NiGeSn and GeSn. However, the Ti atoms move from interlayer to the surface after being annealed. We propose that this method is a promising way of developing GeSn devices in the future.
Bi-fated tendon-to-bone attachment cells are regulated by shared enhancers and KLF transcription factors
Authors: Kult Shiri , Olender Tsviya , Osterwalder Marco , Markman Svetalana , Leshkowitz Dena , Krief Sharon , Blecher-Gonen Ronnie , Ben-Moshe Shani , Farack Lydia , Keren-Shaul Hadas , Salame Tomer-Meir , Capellini Terence D , Itzkovitz Shalev , Amit Ido , Visel Axel , Zelzer Elazar
Published: January 2021

The mechanical challenge of attaching elastic tendons to stiff bones is solved by the formation of a unique transitional tissue. Here, we show that murine tendon-to-bone attachment cells are bi-fated, activating a mixture of chondrocyte and tenocyte transcriptomes, under regulation of shared regulatory elements and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) transcription factors. High-throughput bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of humeral attachment cells revealed expression of hundreds of chondrogenic and tenogenic genes, which was validated by in situ hybridization and single-molecule ISH. ATAC sequencing showed that attachment cells share accessible intergenic chromatin areas with either tenocytes or chondrocytes. Epigenomic analysis revealed enhancer signatures for most of these regions. Transgenic mouse enhancer reporter assays verified the shared activity of some of these enhancers. Finally, integrative chromatin and motif analyses and transcriptomic data implicated KLFs as regulators of attachment cells. Indeed, blocking expression of bothKlf2andKlf4in developing limb mesenchyme impaired their differentiation.
Vision of conspecifics decreases the effectiveness of ethanol on zebrafish behaviour
Authors: Dean Rachel , Hurst Radke Nicole , Velupillai Nirudika , Franczak Brian C. , Hamilton Trevor J.
Published: January 2021

Aquatic organisms in pharmacology and toxicology research are often exposed to compounds in isolation prior to physiological or behavioural testing. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of conspecifics during a stressful event can modulate behavioural outcomes (called ‘social buffering’) when testing occurs within the same context. It is unknown, however, whether the social environment during exposure interacts with the efficacy of anxiety-altering substances when subsequently tested in the absence of conspecifics. In this study, zebrafish were individually exposed to habitat water or ethanol (1.0% vol/vol) while untreated conspecifics were visually present or absent during dosing. Using the novel object approach test, a validated test of boldness and anxiety-like behaviour, we observed significantly greater effects of ethanol in isolated fish, compared to fish with a view of conspecifics during dosing. These results were not explained by altered locomotion during exposure, which might otherwise increase drug uptake. This highlights the need to consider the social environment during exposure when conducting and interpreting behavioural research involving drug or toxicant exposure.
Effectiveness of modifications to preadjusted appliance prescriptions based on racial dental characteristics assessed by the ABO Cast-Radiograph Evaluation: A propensity score matching study
Authors: Chu Yanhao , Zhang Lingling , Zhao Yatao , Yi Fang , Lu Yanqin
Published: January 2021

Background

Because racial discrepancies in dental characteristics are known to exist, designing preadjusted appliances according to racial normal occlusion data would be expected to improve treatment results. However, whether modifications based on racial characteristics can improve treatment outcomes in the clinic remains to be investigated.

Methods

To study the influence of prescription type on treatment outcomes, 91 patients treated with Chinese or Roth prescription appliances were selected as an initial sample. Two groups of patients were selected by propensity score matching (1:1) to limit the effects of confounding factors, including age, sex, case complexity, and extraction plan. Discrepancy Index and cervical vertebral maturation values were used to quantify case complexity and patient age, respectively. After matching, the final sample of 60 patients consisted of two groups of 30 patients each: group 1 had been treated with a Chinese prescription appliance and group 2 had been treated with a Roth prescription appliance. ABO casts and radiograph evaluation (CR-Eval) and lateral cephalograms were utilized to compare the treatment outcomes of the two groups.

Results

The total ABO scores of groups 1 and 2 were 22.03 and 23.87, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in total ABO score or in seven other sub-scores; however, there was a significant difference between the two groups in mandibular canine alignment score.

Conclusions

There are no significant differences in overall treatment outcomes between the Chinese and Roth prescription appliances. The Chinese prescription yielded better alignment results in the mandibular canine for Chinese patients.
RNA sequencing analysis of FGF2-responsive transcriptome in skin fibroblasts
Authors: Wu Baojin , Tang Xinjie , Zhou Zhaoping , Ke Honglin , Tang Shao , Ke Ronghu
Published: January 2021

Background

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine with antifibrotic activity in wound healing. During the process of wound healing and fibrosis, fibroblasts are the key players. Although accumulating evidence has suggested the antagonistic effects of FGF2 in the activation process of fibroblasts, the mechanisms by which FGF2 hinders the fibroblast activation remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the key genes and their regulatory networks in skin fibroblasts treated with FGF2.

Methods

RNA-seq was performed to identify the differentially expressed mRNA (DEGs) and lncRNA between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control. DEGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, the networks between mRNAs and lncRNAs were constructed by Pearson correlation analysis and the networkanalyst website. Finally, hub genes were validated by real time-PCR.

Results

Between FGF2-treated fibroblasts and control fibroblasts, a total of 1475 DEGs was obtained. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the ECM organization, cell adhesion, and cell migration. They were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling, and the Hippo pathway. The hub DEGs included COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI, and ITGA10. Subsequent real-time PCR, as well as bioinformatics analysis, consistently demonstrated that the expression of ITGA10 was significantly upregulated while the other five DEGs (COL3A1, COL4A1, LOX, PDGFA, TGFBI) were downregulated in FGF2-treated fibroblasts. Meanwhile, 213 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified and three key lncRNAs (HOXA-AS2, H19, and SNHG8) were highlighted in FGF2-treated fibroblasts.

Conclusion

The current study comprehensively analyzed the FGF2-responsive transcriptional profile and provided candidate mechanisms that may account for FGF2-mediated wound healing.
KEYLINK: towards a more integrative soil representation for inclusion in ecosystem scale models—II: model description, implementation and testing
Authors: Flores Omar , Deckmyn Gaby , Curiel Yuste Jorge , Javaux Mathieu , Uvarov Alexei , van der Linde Sietse , De Vos Bruno , Vereecken Harry , Jiménez Juan , Vinduskova Olga , Schnepf Andrea
Published: January 2021

New knowledge on soil structure highlights its importance for hydrology and soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization, which however remains neglected in many wide used models. We present here a new model, KEYLINK, in which soil structure is integrated with the existing concepts on SOM pools, and elements from food web models, that is, those from direct trophic interactions among soil organisms. KEYLINK is, therefore, an attempt to integrate soil functional diversity and food webs in predictions of soil carbon (C) and soil water balances. We present a selection of equations that can be used for most models as well as basic parameter intervals, for example, key pools, functional groups’ biomasses and growth rates. Parameter distributions can be determined with Bayesian calibration, and here an example is presented for food web growth rate parameters for a pine forest in Belgium. We show how these added equations can improve the functioning of the model in describing known phenomena. For this, five test cases are given as simulation examples: changing the input litter quality (recalcitrance and carbon to nitrogen ratio), excluding predators, increasing pH and changing initial soil porosity. These results overall show how KEYLINK is able to simulate the known effects of these parameters and can simulate the linked effects of biopore formation, hydrology and aggregation on soil functioning. Furthermore, the results show an important trophic cascade effect of predation on the complete C cycle with repercussions on the soil structure as ecosystem engineers are predated, and on SOM turnover when predation on fungivore and bacterivore populations are reduced. In summary, KEYLINK shows how soil functional diversity and trophic organization and their role in C and water cycling in soils should be considered in order to improve our predictions on C sequestration and C emissions from soils.
Hyperlipidic Diet-induced Obesity Increased Proliferative Signals- AR, ERK1/2- on Mice Prostate, Which can be Restored through Physical Training
Authors: Leite João Vitor Pereira , Calaça Daniela Cristina de Cario , Nogueira Pedro Augusto Silva , Zanon Renata Graciele , Ribeiro Daniele Lisboa
Published: January 2021

Aims: To evaluate the effects of hyperlipidic diet on the mouse prostate and also investigate if physical exercise is able to restore such effects.

Methodology: Adult male Swiss mice were fed with a balanced (ND) or hyperlipidic diet (45% saturated fat, HD) for 16 weeks. Half were submitted to a sedentary (NDS and HDS) or exercise routine (swimming- NDE and HDE) for 8 weeks. Then, the prostate was analyzed by immunoreactions (proliferating cell nuclear antigen- PCNA, androgen receptor- AR, and estrogen receptor-ERβ), western blotting (ERK 1/2), and caspase-3 activity.

Results: We found that saturated fat uptake promoted 16% weight gain, increased fat-mass and hyperglycaemia, as well as reduced testosterone levels. In addition, HD atrophied prostate secretory epithelium and stimulated cell proliferation through higher expression of AR and activation of ERK signaling. Additionally, saturated fat reduced prostatic ERβ content. Physical exercise per se promoted an anabolic effect by increasing testosterone and stimulating cell proliferation in the prostate of sedentary animals. Finally, exercise was able to restore the proliferative signals caused by the hyperlipidic diet on prostate.

Conclusion: We suggest that the combination of hyperlipidic diet and sedentary lifestyle could negatively affected some prostate stimulating pathways that could trigger proliferative diseases in mice and physical exercise may be  an interesting strategy to reverse such effects.
Implications of Philately in Promoting the Protected Natural Areas (VI) - Piatra Craiului National Park
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Coman Mirela , Pop Alexandru Leonard
Published: January 2021

Continuing the series of articles that promote the implications of thematic philately about protected natural areas, we stopped this time, on the Piatra Craiului National Park. As an area of national interest, the Piatra Craiului area has also been immortalized on various post-philatelic effects. From the multitude of philatelic pieces (postage stamps, envelopes on the first day of the show - FDCs, illustrated postcards, occasional envelopes, etc.) that were identified, the reproduction was chosen only of those who contributed to the promotion of tourism potential. From landscapes to species of flora and fauna, of scientific interest and environmental protection, the pieces analyzed come to certify the idea that thematic philately is more than an ambassador of the intrinsic values of an area. In fact, by appealing to philatelic effects, the entire community had to gain in terms of the fact that tourists, mostly from abroad, had already provided access to tourist information and more.
Simultaneous Effects of the Climate Change and the Recent Hydromorphological Modification of Vridi Channel (Côte d'Ivoire) on Some Its Hydrochemical Characteristics
Authors: Samuel N'da , Konan Yao Marcel , Albert Trokourey
Published: January 2021

This work aims to assess the simultaneous effects of the climate change and the hydromorphological modification of Vridi channel on its hydrochemistry. To best estimate, this fact, the seasonal dynamic of the particle size distribution, pH, redox potential, salinity, conductivity, moisture and organic matter contents of Vridi channel sediments have been followed and compared during two different annual periods, where the climate and the hydromorphology of this estuary have been different. The first annual period, covering the period from April 2014 to March 2015, has been characterized by a climatic regime close to the climatic normal of the study area and, this channel had its former hydromorphology. The second period annual, covering the period from October 2018 to September 2019, has been marked by a disruption of the climatic regime throughout Côte d'Ivoire, and this channel presented its modified hydromorphology.

A monthly sampling has been done in this channel during each annual period. All These physical and chemical parameters have been determined by the corresponding AFNOR standards.

Results have shown that these superficial sediments, with a predominantly sandy texture over the period from April 2014 to March 2015, have presented a texture predominantly of silt and clays over the period from October 2018 to September 2019. The climate change and the recent hydromorphological modification of this ecosystem had simultaneous very few effects on their pH and redox potential over the study period. On the other hand, they have caused an important increase in their salinity, moisture and organic matter contents and, a decrease in their electrical conductivity over the period from October 2018 to September 2019 relative to those determined in these substrates over the period of April 2014 to March 2015. This fact has certainly affected its biodiversity, especially that of its benthic fauna.
Nitrogen-phosphate Fertilizers Based on Activation of Phosphorite Powder with Partially Ammoniated Mix of Phosphoric and Sulphuric Acids
Authors: Rasulov A. A. , Namazov Sh. S. , Sultonov B. E.
Published: January 2021

In this article obtaining complex nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers based on activation of phosphorite powder with partially ammoniated mix of phosphoric and sulphuric acids have been studied. In order to reduce the foaming of the process, for the first time a partially ammoniated mix of acids was used. The optimal technological parameters for activation phosphorite powder with partially neutralized mixes of sulphuric and phosphoric acids are the followings: the mix of sulphuric and phosphoric acids with a ratio of SО3:Р2О5 = 1.2; рН of acids – 2.5; weight ratio of ammonium sulphate-phosphate slurry towards phosphorite powder is 100 : 20; temperature is 60°С; duration is 30 min.  The composition nitrogen-phosphate fertilizers obtained in optimal condition contains (wt., %): N – 11.55; Р2О5total -24.61; Р2О5acceptable by citric acid -21.66; Р2О5 acceptable by EDTA -20.24; Р2О5water-soluble  -13.02; CaOtotal -13.59; СаОacceptable by citric acid -11.43. In that condition, granulated products of nitrogen-phosphate can be produced with high strength. The advantage of offered promising technology concludes in reduction two times expenditure of the most expensive ammonia in comparison with ammonium sulphate production and an increase in gross domestic product.
Nutrient Composition and Sensory Properties of Wheat Bread Substituted with Defatted and Undefatted Cashew Kernel (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) Flours
Authors: Emelike N. J. T. , Barber L. I. , Deebom M. D.
Published: January 2021

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient composition and sensory properties of wheat flour bread substituted with defatted and undefatted cashew kernel flours. Cashew kernel was processed into flour and thereafter divided into two portions. One portion was left undefatted while the other portion was defatted using a hydraulic press. Bread was prepared from the blends of wheat and defatted/undefatted cashew kernel flours using 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, of wheat flour to defatted cashew kernel flour (DCF) and wheat flour to undefatted cashew kernel flour (UCF), and 100% wheat flour as control. Bread samples were subjected to sensory evaluation within 30 minutes of production. Proximate analysis and amino acid profile of the bread samples were carried out using standard methods. Result of the proximate analysis of the bread samples revealed a significant (p<0.05) increase in ash (1.05-2.19%), protein (8.46-34.22%) and crude fibre (1.85-6.20%) with a corresponding decrease in moisture (11.05-21.28%) and carbohydrate contents (57.21-36.37%) as substitution of wheat flour with DCF and UCF increased. Amino acid analysis revealed that wheat/DCF composite breads were significantly (p<0.05) higher in lysine (7.00 g/100 g), phenyl alanine (3.99 g/100 g), tryptophan (0.89 g/100 g), valine (4.33 g/100 g) and methionine (1.47g/100 g) than the wheat/UCF composite bread. Similarly, wheat/DCF composite breads were significantly (p<0.05) higher in proline (3.45 g/100 g), arginine (5.68 g/100 g), tyrosine (3.78 g/100 g), alanine (4.25 g/100 g), glutamic acid (11.81 g/100 g), glycine (3.06 g/100 g), serine (4.00 g/100 g) and aspartic acid (7.32 g/100 g) indicating higher protein quality in the wheat/DCF composite breads than in wheat/UCF composite breads. Bread samples substituted with 10% UCF and 20% DCF compared favourably with the control wheat flour bread for taste, crust, colour and general acceptability. Therefore, it is recommended to use a level of substitution of 10% UCF and 20% DCF for the production of bread of adequate nutritional and sensorial qualities.