bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso da ouvidoria como ferramenta de gestão dos serviços odontológicos no município do Recife
Authors: Wanderley Lira Gabriela de Nazaré , Monteiro Ive da Silva , Tavares Maria Cristina Reis
Published: August 2020

A ouvidoria estabelece um canal prático e de fácil acesso aos usuários do serviço público, ao mesmo tempo que induz, nas instituições, práticas de análises e avaliações dos procedimentos de trabalho a partir das percepções dos usuários. Então, objetivou-se identificar o fluxo das demandas recebidas pela Ouvidoria SUS Recife, o perfil dos demandantes e das demandas, e como esse instrumento é utilizado para gestão dos serviços odontológicos do município. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, quali-quantitativo, submetendo-se dados da Ouvidoria SUS Recife de 2008 a 2017 à estatística descritiva e dados obtidos em grupo focal com cinco coordenadores de saúde bucal do município à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática de Bardin. Identificou-se um desconhecimento dos entrevistados sobre o fluxo instalado na Ouvidoria SUS Recife, evidenciando fragilidade de comunicação e articulação entre a ouvidoria e os gestores de saúde bucal do município. Das 820 demandas analisadas, constatou-se que mulheres de 40-49 anos, com ensino fundamental completo, compõem o principal perfil dos demandantes da Ouvidoria SUS Recife. Das demandas, 75,2% foram reclamações, sendo recursos humanos o assunto mais citado (36,1%). A maior potencialidade da ouvidoria identificada pelos gestores foi representada pela visibilidade que ela promove das demandas da sociedade, subsidiando a tomada de decisão dos gestores para aprimorar os serviços. Entretanto, a ouvidoria ainda é subutilizada pelos cidadãos, o que compromete o uso potencial da ouvidoria como uma ferramenta de gestão.
OCASO DO ‘BRASIL SORRIDENTE’ E PERSPECTIVAS DA POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE BUCAL EM MEADOS DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Narvai Paulo Capel
Published: August 2020

O objeto do ensaio é a evolução histórica da política nacional de saúde bucal (PNSB) no Brasil, nas duas décadas finais do século XX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XXI. Ênfase especial é dada ao programa Brasil Sorridente, seu surgimento, apogeu e ocaso. Adicionalmente são feitas considerações sobre a PNSB após a ruptura de 2016, a evolução do seu financiamento e as disputas em torno do modelo de atenção à saúde bucal e as perspectivas da PNSB nos próximos anos, em meados do século XXI. Conclui-se que o ‘Brasil Sorridente’, tal como se concretizou, articulado a um conjunto de políticas sociais e econômicas nos governos de Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff, não existe mais.
BAIXA COBERTURA DE SAÚDE BUCAL: COMO POTENCIALIZAR O CUIDADO?
Authors: Braccini Fagundes Maria Laura , Do Amaral Júnior Orlando Luiz , Soares Krassmann Ariane , Bastianello Campagnol Patrícia , Rissotto Menegazzo Gabriele , Do Nascimento Tôrres Luísa Helena , Melgarejo do Amaral Giordani Jessye
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo trata-se de um relato de experiência acerca de um programa da prefeitura da cidade de Santa Maria, sul do Brasil, vinculado à um projeto de extensão denominado Sorria Santa Maria que teve seu início em 2017 e permanece em andamento. Nosso objetivo com isso foi, além de contribui com os usuários que têm dificuldade em acessar os atendimentos odontológicos na atenção básica, promover e demonstrar as práticas em saúde coletiva, construídas em diferentes processos de trabalho e estreitamente ligadas a estruturas da sociedade. Relato de experiência: O programa destina-se aos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde do município que não conseguem acessar as Unidades Básicas de Saúde, devido à baixa cobertura de saúde bucal municipal e às funções profissionais exercidas durante horário comercial pelos usuários. Os agendamentos são realizados segundo uma lista de espera com o contato de pacientes que manifestaram desejo de uma avaliação odontológica. Nas consultas, realiza-se então acolhimento, avaliação e atendimento destes pacientes até a conclusão do plano de tratamento. Conclusão: Importantes impactos foram alcançados até o presente momento, tanto em relação ao expressivo número de atendimentos odontológicos realizados quanto à redução das listas de espera para atendimento odontológico. Além disto, ressaltam-se que as ações de promoção de saúde ligadas ao projeto resultam em uma maior integração entre ensino-serviço-comunidade no município.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE CÁRIE DENTÁRIA DE TRABALHADORES DA EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE CORREIOS E TELÉGRAFOS EM BRASÍLIA
Authors: De Sousa Oliveira Talita Caroline , Coelho de Souza Tiago Araujo , Portillo Jorge Alberto Cordón , Amaral Lais David , Coelho de Souza Livia Maria Almeida
Published: August 2020

A cárie dentária é o principal problema de saúde bucal enfrentado no Brasil e suas sequelas podem repercutir seriamente na vida no indivíduo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de cárie nos trabalhadores da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos da Diretoria Regional de Brasília, utilizando o índice CPO-D. Foram analisados 834 prontuários odontológicos de funcionários que passaram pelo exame preventivo entre 2011 e 2012 e os resultados foram comparados entre gêneros, faixas etárias e nível de escolaridade. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p
DESAFIOS À AMPLIAÇÃO DA COBERTURA DA FLUORETAÇÃO DA ÁGUA EM MUNICÍPIOS BRASILEIROS COM MAIS DE 50 MIL HABITANTES NA PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe , Noro Luiz Roberto Augusto , Zilbovicius Celso , Ely Helenita Corrêa , Pinheiro Helder Henrique Costa , Narvai Paulo Capel , Frazão Paulo
Published: August 2020

Embora a fluoretação da água de abastecimento público seja um importante determinante para explicar o declínio da cárie dentária nos países que implementaram sua provisão, é grande o desafio para assegurar sua expansão para todas as regiões e territórios. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar as características dos municípios brasileiros com mais de 50 mil habitantes correlacionadas com a cobertura da fluoretação da água. Estudo ecológico transversal com 614 municípios cujo desfecho é representado pela cobertura populacional da política pública e as variáveis independentes referem-se a indicadores municipais socioeconômicos, de saneamento e de serviços de atenção primária à saúde. As relações foram analisadas por meio de regressão linear múltipla. Na análise ajustada (R2=0,39), a cobertura populacional correlacionou-se positivamente com a renda familiar per capita e negativamente com desigualdade da renda, água e esgoto inadequados, cobertura potencial da saúde bucal na estratégia saúde da família. Nas regiões Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste (R2=0,33), analfabetismo e nível de desenvolvimento humano mostraram correlação positiva, enquanto desigualdade de renda e saneamento inadequado apresentaram correlação negativa. Já nas regiões Norte e Nordeste (R2=0,40), saneamento inadequado e nível de desenvolvimento humano mostraram correlação negativa. As desigualdades na expansão dos serviços de saneamento e dos sistemas de vigilância da concentração do fluoreto entre as regiões brasileiras trazem importantes desafios nas próximas décadas que vão requerer sua inclusão na agenda regulatória dos respectivos setores e a implementação de mecanismos de coordenação intersetorial da política pública.
Voting in Māori Governance Entities
Authors: Bargh Maria , Rata Arama
Published: August 2020

Internationally, declining voter turnout is a topic of considerable concern in many liberal democracies. In this article, we investigate whether these similar trends can be discerned in the voter turnout for Māori governance entities. We first explore some of the demographic contexts within which Māori governance entities operate with a specific focus on population, residence, and age. We then provide a detailed descriptive analysis of voting data from one particular entity: Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Awa, with whom we worked to understand how their elections inform their aspirations for continuing connectedness with tribal members. In the final section of the article, we present findings from an analysis of publicly available tribal voting data to see whether the trend of declining voter turnout is observable and whether online voting is shown to impact turnout.
Aborto Habitual
Authors: Echeverri V. Hernando
Published: August 2020

Me corresponde en turno hacer un compendio sobre A. H., mas como ya mía compañeros han hablado de las causas y tratamiento del aborto en general, necesariamente habré de incurrir en repeticiones enojosas que ruego se me perdonen.
Una variación a las técnicas de corrección del prolapso uretal
Authors: Rueda González Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Entre las entidades de patología uretral, el prolapso de su mucosa constituye quizás una de las más raras.Sin embargo, se han observado desde el más discreto que constituye apenas una ligera insinuación de la mucosa, hasta el más marcado que hace una prominencia notoria hacia el vestíbulo y que causa síntomas más o menos definidos.A través de nuestra práctica hospitalaria y privada, hemos tenido oportunidad de observar y seguir tres casos, todos de proporciones considerables y que fueron tratados los dos primeros con las técnicas quirúrgicas corrientes y el último con la variación que nos proponemos presentar en plan de estudio y discusión.
Extractos de Revistas
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: August 2020

Los autores presentan tres casos de pólipos placentarios. Se detalla una breve reseña de las opiniones de diversos autores con respecto a esta afección y las distintas denominaciones de que ha sido objeto.
Hemangiomas de la vulva y de la vagina
Authors: Darnalt Restrepo Enrique
Published: August 2020

Los hemangiomas son tumores benignos de los vasos sanguíneos y de acuerdo con su estructura y apariencia se clasifican en arteriales, capilares, venosos o cavernosos. La mayoría de las veces son asintomáticos y su tamaño es variable tendiendo a ser pequeños. Son tumores levantados, papulosos o planos, de color violáceo, de contornos más bien netos y pueden aparecer zonas blanquecinas al ejercer presión sobre ellos. Se presentan más frecuentemente en los niños y pueden ser únicos o múltiples, es decir, localizados en varias partes del cuerpo. Generalmente congénitos. Según Anderson el verdadero hemangioma es congénito en su origen o pueden ser adquiridos los pequeños angiomas capilares. Histológicamente su apariencia es como un nido de vasos sanguíneos de diversos tamaños sostenidos por una capa simple de células endoteliales que pueden contener o no eritrocitos. El tejido conectivo o estroma es de una densidad más o menos variable.
Ecoturismo, mujer y desarrollo: reflexiones sobre la participación femenina en la práctica del turismo en áreas protegidas en Colombia
Authors: Ariza Marín Leidy Johana , Bolaños Briceño Jorge Arturo
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se presentan algunas reflexiones acerca de la participación de las mujeres como demandantes y oferentes de los servicios turísticos en áreas protegidas y se destaca la importancia de las mujeres viajeras como un segmento creciente de mercado. Así mismo, se explora la experiencia del viaje femenino y se analizan las motivaciones y la incidencia de esta sobre las desigualdades en el uso del espacio. Considerando que las áreas protegidas son zonas del país donde es frecuente que las comunidades habitantes se encuentren marginadas y en condición de vulnerabilidad, ya sea a causa del conflicto armado o de la escasez de oportunidades, aquí se destaca la importancia del trabajo femenino en el sector ecoturístico y su efecto multiplicador en el bienestar de las comunidades locales. Además, se propone un escenario de fomento al ecoturismo con enfoque de género, soportado en una visión de construcción local, donde el potencial ecoturístico se combine con las habilidades y las fortalezas de todos los actores locales en conjunto. En esta línea, este artículo de reflexión se construyó a partir de un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, no experimental y exploratorio, en el que se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la cual se indagó por documentos institucionales e investigaciones dedicadas al estudio de elementos como el manejo de ecoturismo en áreas protegidas y sus implicaciones sociales, económicas y ambientales, así como la participación de las mujeres en el turismo, bien sea como oferentes o como demandantes de los servicios turísticos.
Dominación, apropiación y accesibilidad en la producción territorial del Alto Sinú desde la construcción de la hidroeléctrica de Urrá, 1994-2019
Authors: Gómez Zárate Patricia , Arroyave Arrubla Sergio Iván
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta un análisis desde la geografía crítica sobre la producción del territorio del Alto Sinú entre 1994 y 2019 en relación directa con la construcción de la hidroeléctrica de Urrá, a partir de la identificación del proceso de planeación y construcción de la hidroeléctrica, de las transformaciones territoriales vividas por las poblaciones locales, campesinos y embera-katíos, y de la presencia del conflicto armado, a través de una investigación etnográfica con énfasis en el análisis territorial. Encontramos que la producción del territorio actual del Alto Sinú se da a partir de la interacción de tres dimensiones de la práctica territorial: dominio, apropiación y accesibilidad, en donde el dominio se concreta por medio de medidas de control como acciones legales y extralegales, la apropiación se refleja en patrones de asentamiento y organización socioeconómica, y la accesibilidad da cuenta de restricciones a ciertos servicios importantes como la energía eléctrica.
ANALISIS KRITIS PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS ONLINE DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MASA PANDEMI COVID 19 (SOLUSI MENYELAMATKAN MASA DEPAN ANAK-ANAK INDONESIA)
Authors: Ulum Muhammad Syahrul , Pamungkas Jati
Published: August 2020

AbstraksiPada tanggal 15 Maret 2020 atau tiga hari setelah Covid-19 ditetapkan sebagai pandemi, Presiden Republik Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan bekerja, belajar, dan beribadah dari rumah. Kebijakan tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa semua kegiatan harus berubah orientasinya yaitu tidak boleh melalui tatap muka secara langsung, termasuk di dalamnya adalah kegiatan belajar-mengajar di berbagai jenjang pendidikan baik formal maupun informal. Kegiatan belajar-mengajar tetap berjalan, akan tetapi harus memanfaatkan media berbasis online dengan maksud untuk menghindari penularan Covid-19 di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengkaji penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis online di jenjang pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah dengan analisis kritis data level mikro. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ada unsur kecanduan teknologi oleh peserta didik untuk disalahgunakan di luar kepentingan pembelajaran. Selain itu, jebakan pendidikan gaya bank telah menjerat proses pembelajaan di mana guru lebih memposisikan diri sebagai subjek dan peserta didik sebagai objek yang hanya bisa menerima begitu saja perintah dari gurunya melalui pemberian tugas mandiri secara terus-menerus dengan sejumlah deadline pengumpulan akhir. Tujuan pendidikan secara umum tetap diarahkan pada pembentukan pribadi yang bermental pembebas, humanis dan demokratis, namun kenyataannya justru menjadikan peserta didik mengalami penindasan akan teknologi pembelajaran.  Kata kunci: Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, pembelajaran online, teknologi, analisis   kritis
Aralıklı Sansürlü Veriler için Sağkalım Modelleri
Authors: Eröz İlknur , Ata Nihal
Published: August 2020

Sansürleme, sağkalım analizi diğer istatistiksel yöntemlerden ayıran en önemli özelliktir. Sansürleme türleri ise sağdan, soldan ve aralıklı sansürleme olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Sağkalım analizinde kullanılan modellerin çoğu gözlemlerin sağdan sansürlü olduğu veri kümeleri için geliştirilmiştir. Aralıklı sansürlü veriler ile ilgili çalışmalar da son yıllarda hız kazanmıştır. Birimin başarısızlık süresi belli bir aralıkta gerçekleşiyorsa aralıklı sansürlü gözlemler söz konusudur. Bu veriler genellikle, ilgilenilen gözlemlerin sürekli izlenemediği durumda oluşur. Sadece ilgilenilen olayın iki gözlem periyodu arasında meydana geldiği bilinmektedir. sağkalım çözümlemesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan Cox regresyon modeli ve parametrik sağkalım modelleri aralıklı sansürlü veriler için de geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada aralıklı sansürlü veriler için sağkalım modelleri incelenmiş ve literatürde yer alan Primer Biliyer Siroz verisi hem aralıklı sansürlü hem de sağdan sansürlü olarak ele alınarak analiz edilmiştir.
Hubungan antara Komunikasi Orang tua terhadap Anak dengan Temper Tantrum Anak di TK Nurul Hidayah
Authors: Sukma Mega , Arifin Rani Fitriani , Putra Farhandka
Published: August 2020

Age 4 to 6 years is a stage referred to as pre-school age, it is a golden period of child development, related to his social and emotional development, children begin to learn to manage their emotions. The thing which is often occur in pre-school age children is disobedience and tantrum behavior (temper tantrum). Child's emotional development is influenced by changes in interaction and communication patterns in the family. Communication between parents and children is very important, as a medium for bridging fellow family members. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between parent’s communication to children with child’s tempered tantrum. This study was quantitative with cross-sectional approach. The sample was parents (mother/father) of children who studied at the Nurul Hidayah Kindergarten. There were 58 respondents which was choosed by Stratified Random sampling technique. The results showed that the percentage of parent’s communication to children in the medium category was 31 respondents (53.4%), and children in the risk category of tempered tantrums were 34 respondents (58.6%). Analysis using the Chi-square test obtained the p value of 0.752 (p> 0.05). The conclusion of study, there was no correlation between parent’s communication to children and child’s tempered tantrum at the Nurul Hidayah Kindergarten, Simpang Empat, Tanah Bumbu in 2018. It was recommended that mothers do mentoring about all things related to child’s tempered tantrum.
Hubungan Pelaksanaan Peran Keluarga dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Kecamatan Arjasa, Jember
Authors: Rahmawati Umari Hasniah , S Latifa Aini , Rasni Hanny
Published: August 2020

A family has an important role to meet the nutritional intake of toddlers since a family has a full decision to nurture and take care of the toddlers. However, the case of stunting in Jember Regency still has a higher case compared to other regencies. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the implementation of family role and the case of stunting in toddlers in Arjasa Subdistrict, Jember regency. The research also used a cross sectional research design with cluster random sampling technique. The data collection was conducted by providing a FAD (Family Assessment Device) questionnaire used to identify the family roles, while the height was measured by length board and microtoise. The chi-square test was employed to analyze between the variables of family role and stunting case. According to the analysis result of 117 respondents, there were 7.7%, 99% and 7.7% for each category of good, moderate and less in the family role, whereas for the stunting case, there were 76.1% having stunting and 23.9% not stunting. The findings of this research indicated that there was a relationship between the implementation of family role and the stunting case (χ2 = 9.78; p-value = 0.002), in which the implementation of family role in the good category had 7.81 times for a chance of stunting (OR = 7.81; 95% CI = 1.81-33.762). at last, this research showed the importance of improving the family role by involving the family to meet the daily nutritional intake of toddlers so as the stunting case can diminish.
Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Keluarga dengan Perilaku Perawatan Diri pada Klien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kaliwates, Jember
Authors: Rahmadani Wahyuningtias , Rasni Hanny , Nur Kholid Rosyidi Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that can cause various chronic complications and they can be minimized by self-care. One of the factors that affect self-care in diabetic clients is family social support. The aim of the research was to analyze the correlation between family social support and self care behavior client with T2DM)in the area of Kaliwates public health center, Jember. This research applied an observational analytic design with cross-sectional approach. A total of 84 respondents were enrolled in this study by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection method used the HDFSS (Hensarling Diabetes Family Support Scale) and SDSCA (Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activity) questionnaires, it conducted on January 7th-22nd 2019. The data analysis used Spearman correlation test with a significance level of 0.05.The result showed that median of the family social support was 86 with a minimum value of 69 and a maximum value of 106, whereas the mean value of self-care behaviour was 2,27 days with a standard deviation of 0.45 days. There was a significant positive correlation between family sosial support and self-care behaviour (p value: 0.001; r; +0.378), meaning that the higher the level of family social support the better the self-care behaviour. This study suggests the importance of assessing family social support to improve self-care in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEPSIS RISK CALCULATOR AND INFECTION PARAMETERS FOR NEONATES WITH RISK OF EARLY ONSET SEPSIS
Authors: Sari Trias Kusuma , Irwanto Irwanto , Etika Risa , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Mertaniasih Ni Made
Published: August 2020

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant protein that is primarily induced by the IL-6 action during the acute phase of an inflammatory or infectious process. Bacterial infection is a potent stimulus, leading to a rapid elevation of CRP levels within hours while the CBC and symptom are often misleading and/or absent. American Academy of paediatrics (AAP) is recommended routine blood examination test Complete Blood Count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and blood culture along with empirical antibiotic in neonates with early onset sepsis risk (EOS) risk even asymptomatic. Previous study is showed there were no correlation of CRP and EOS risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CRP and CBC profile in neonate with risk of EOS.  Methods of this study is using the sepsis risk calculator (SRC) to calculate the probability of neonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) based on maternal risk and infant’s clinical presentation. Neonates with ≥34 weeks of gestation who were started on antibiotic treatment after laboratory examination and blo odculture were taken. EOS risk estimation were compared including CRP, leukocyte, and thrombocyte count. ANOVA applied to distinguished laboratory examination between stratified risk groups. The result is showed using 82 subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias, EOS risk level was stratified into green, yellow, and red group. The p value of CRP level, platelets, white blood cell were 0.35,0.54 and 0.48 where p value was considered as significant if < 0.5. The conclusion of this study is there were no correlation of CRP level and EOS riskASSOCIATION BETWEEN SEPSIS RISK CALCULATOR AND INFECTION PARAMETERS FOR NEONATES WITH RISK OF EARLY ONSET SEPSIS
FIRST LINE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUG RESISTANCE PATTERN IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS CORRELATE WITH ACID FAST BACILLI MICROSCOPY GRADING
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Sulistyowati Titiek
Published: August 2020

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global public health crisis. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) gradation in sputum examination is an important component in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis and treatment outcome monitoring. Previously treated pulmonary TB patients with a higher AFB smear gradation may have higher rates of acquired resistance. Patients with a higher AFB grade indicate a higher bacillary load and had higher rates of acquired resistance. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns in MDR pulmonary TB patients. This was a retrospective study conducted from August 2009 to April 2018 in Dr. Soetomo Hospital. Sputum samples were taken from MDR PTB patients. Sputum smear examination was done using Ziehl–Neelsen staining and gradation was measured according to IUATLD criteria. Samples with positive smear were evaluated for resistance patterns based on culture and resistance tests using the MGIT 960 BACTEC System. There were 433 sputum samples with AFB positive collected from MDR PTB patients. Resistance to RHES was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 19 (15%) AFB +2, and 29 (20%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHS was found in 22 (14%) AFB +1, 12 (9%) AFB +2, and 13 (9%) AFB +3. Resistance to RHE was found in 39 (25%) AFB +1, 38 (29%) AFB +2, and 35 (24%) AFB +3. Resistance to RH was found in 74 (47%) AFB +1, 61 (47%) AFB +2, and 69 (47%) AFB +3. Statistic analysis by Spearman test showed that there was no significant correlation between AFB gradation and first-line anti-TB drug resistance patterns. Acquired resistance to RHES can also found in lower bacillary load AFB +1.
Les techniques d’evaluation génétique des bovins laitiers
Authors: DUCROCQ V.
Published: August 2020

Les méthodes statistiques utilisées au cours des 50 dernières années pour l’évaluation génétique des taureaux et des vaches laitières sont présentées en insistant sur les raisons ayant motivé leur développement, puis leur abandon. La théorie classique des index de sélection appliquée aux données de base telles que les écarts des performances des vaches à leurs contemporaines d’étable est devenue obsolète car la correction des effets du milieu était imparfaite et le progrès génétique sous-jacent n’était pas pris en compte. La meilleure prédiction linéaire non biaisée (BLUP) permet une évaluation simultanée des effets génétiques et du milieu. Appliquée initialement à des modèles simples pour l’estimation des taureaux (modèles père ou père-grand-père), elle est maintenant de plus en plus utilisée avec un « modèle animal », qui permet l’évaluation conjointe des mâles et des femelles. Certaines propriétés intéressantes sont alors respectées. D’autres aspects, tels que la modélisation des performances, la prise en compte de plusieurs lactations et les difficultés de calcul des index sont également abordés.
Comparaison de pondeuses mi-lourdes naines (dw) ou normales avec deux aliments de taux protéique et énergétique différents
Authors: COQUERELLE G. , MÉRAT P. , BOITARD M. , NOE J.P.
Published: August 2020

Cent vingt huit poules provenant d’une population de type oeuf brun mi-lourde, les unes de taille normale (Dw+), les autres naines (dw) ont été réparties à 16 semaines en cages individuelles. Chaque génotype a été réparti en deux groupes, alimentés l’un avec un régime à 15,7 % de protéines totales et 2650 kcal EM/kg, l’autre à 17,6 % de protéines totales et 2750 kcal EM/kg. Les performances de ponte jusqu’à l’âge de 43 semaines ont été légèrement plus faibles pour le génotype dw : de l’ordre de 5 % pour le nombre d’oeufs, 6-7 % pour le poids moyen des oeufs. L’indice de consommation a été plus faible pour le génotype dw, de respectivement 20 % et 14 % aux âges de 27 et 41 semaines. Le poids corporel a augmenté davantage (avec le régime 1) et le poids des oeufs relativement moins avec l’âge, pour les poules Dw+ que pour les poules dw. En fin de contrôle, les poules à plumage détérioré ont été moins fréquentes parmi les naines que parmi les normales. L’aliment le moins riche a eu tendance à augmenter la consommation, le poids corporel et le nombre d’oeufs de façon plus marquée pour les poules normales que pour les naines. Les jours de « pauses » ont été plus fréquents pour les poules normales que pour les naines avec le régime plus riche. L’effet du gène dw sur l’indice de consommation a été sensiblement le même pour les deux régimes, malgré un moindre avantage des poules dw avec l’aliment moins riche à l’âge de 41 semaines.
Possibilités de l’immunisation contre les stéroïdes pour améliorer les performances ovulatoires et la taille de la portée des ovins et caprins
Authors: DRIANCOURT M.A. , PHILIPON P. , TERQUI M. , MOLENAT G. , MIRMAN B. , LOUAULT C. , AVDI M. , FOLCH J. , COGNIE Y.
Published: August 2020

L’immunisation active (par vaccination) ou passive (par injection de sérum) contre un stéroïde ovarien, l’androsiènedione, permet d’améliorer les performances de reproduction et de production dans la plupart des races ovines et certaines races caprines. Le taux d’ovulation est augmenté sans variabilité excessive (il dépasse rarement deux). Ceci s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la taille de la portée, par augmentation du pourcentage de jumeaux, d’autant plus importante que la race traitée est naturellement peu prolifique. La fertilité n’est pas affectée si on respecte strictement les conditions d’emploi (délai minimum de 3 semaines entre la deuxième vaccination et la mise à la lutte). Les poids à la naissance ne diffèrent pas, à taille de portée identique, entre agneaux et chevreaux nés de mères immunisées ou non. Les croissances et l’apparition de la puberté des jeunes issus de mères immunisées sont presque identiques à celles des témoins.
Conservation et valeur alimentaire des ensilages directs de prairies naturelles. Comparaison de trois types de conservateur
Authors: ANDRIEU J.P. , DEMARQUILLY C. , ROUEL J.
Published: August 2020

Dans deux essais l’influence de l’addition de conservateur sur la qualité de conservation et la valeur alimentaire pour des génisses laitières de 1 an des ensilages en coupe directe de prairie naturelle a été étudiée. Les ensilages ont été préparés à partir des mêmes prairies, sans conservateur ou avec addition d’un mélange 70/30 d’acide formique-formol, d’acide sulfurique dilué à 40%, de Lithioxine mélange de formiate de Ca, nitrate de Na et hexaméthylène tétramine, ou de Caylasil à base de ferments lactiques et d’enzymes cellulolytiques. Ils ont été distribués à volonté avec 100 g de minéraux /jour/animal, à des lots de 12 génisses en stabulation libre. Le mélange acide formique-formol a nettement amélioré la qualité de conservation et la Lithioxine a fait presque aussi bien. L’acide sulfurique dilué a entrainé une qualité intermédiaire entre l’ensilage sans conservateur et l’ensilage additionné d’acide formique-formol, et Caylasil a peu amélioré la qualité, mais le fourrage de départ était pauvre en glucides solubles (6,5 % de la matière sèche). L’addition de conservateur a peu modifié la digestibilité de la matière organique (mesurée sur moutons) des ensilages, ni leur quantité ingérée par les génisses, mais a augmenté significativement les gains de poids vif (en moyenne 275 g/jour avec l’ensilage additionné d’acide formique-formol. Ceux-ci, sauf avec les ensilages à l’acide formique-formol, ont été limités par un apport azoté insuffisant et sont étroitement liés à la proportion d’azote sous forme ammoniacale des ensilages distribués aux génisses.
Effet de la somatotropine bovine (BST) sur l’efficacité des programmes de sélection laitière
Authors: COLLEAU J.J.
Published: August 2020

L’utilisation libre de l’hormone de croissance bovine (BST) dans les troupeaux au contrôle laitier entraînerait des perturbations dans les programmes de sélection laitière. Grâce aux travaux de simulation numérique déjà réalisés, français et autres, il est montré que ces perturbations atteindraient non seulement la sélection des vaches mais aussi la sélection des taureaux sur descendance. L’effet global de ces perturbations serait de diminuer les rythmes de progrès génétique et surtout de fausser l’évaluation de l’efficacité réelle du programme de sélection qui pourrait être optimiste ou pessimiste suivant le système de choix des vaches traitées. En conséquence, il serait impératif de corriger les données en fonction de l’existence possible d’un traitement. Les simulations montrent que, pour être fiables, ces corrections devraient être effectuées par comparaison intra animal des contrôles mensuels traités et non traités. La méthodologie correspondante étant encore à mettre au point et la précision finale de telles corrections étant encore inconnue, il est proposé dans un premier temps d’extrapoler à une durée normale les lactations partielles précédant le premier traitement à la BST. A long terme, si les corrections n’étaient pas possibles pour les diverses raisons évoquées dans le texte, il est proposé que la sélection se fasse sous contrat avec des méthodes de reproduction intensives.
Déterminisme génétique du débit de lait au cours de la traite des chèvres
Authors: RICORDEAU G. , BOUILLON J. , LE ROY P. , ELSEN J.M. , LAJOUS A.
Published: August 2020

Le débit de lait au cours de la 1e minute de traite des chèvres varie de 0,3 à 2,4 kg. L’analyse des descendances des boucs à la Station de Moissac sur 8 campagnes (1585 lactations de 893 chèvres nées de 97 pères et 487 mères) a fait apparaître 3 catégories de pères, ce qui nous a conduit à envisager l’hypothèse d’un locus à effet majeur, avec 2 allèles en ségrégation, un allèle + , normal et partiellement dominant, et un allèle hd, récessif, responsable d’un haut débit de traite. Les différents tests utilisés montrent que cette hypothèse est vraisemblable et que le déterminisme génétique du débit est de type mixte. Le débit moyen des chèvres homozygotes hd/hd est supérieur de 84 % à celui des chèvres homozygotes +/+ (respectivement 1,48 vs 0,80 kg/min), celui des hétérozygotes hd/+ étant de 0,94 kg/min, ce qui correspond à une dominance de 0,61. La fréquence de l’allèle hd serait de 0,39 dans l’échantillon étudié, l’héritabilité résiduelle du débit étant de 0,48. La sélection des chèvres à haut débit est donc possible et souhaitable. Elle peut être réalisée, dans un premier temps, en limitant les mesures de débit aux « mères à boucs » (chèvres les mieux indexées), afin de détecter celles qui ont un débit supérieur à 1,46 kg/min (supposées toutes homozygotes hd/hd) et de produire rapidement des jeunes mâles susceptibles d’être homozygotes hd/hd.
Effets associés et utilisation de gènes majeurs réduisant la taille chez la poule domestique
Authors: MERAT P.
Published: August 2020

Parmi les gènes majeurs réduisant la taille chez la poule, le gène lié au sexe dw a fait l’objet de nombreuses études et d’applications en élevage. Son caractère récessif et le fait qu’il abaisse d’un tiers le poids de l’oiseau et de 20 à 25 % sa consommation alimentaire l’ont fait utiliser pour « nanifier » des reproductrices « chair », qui donnent des poulets de taille normale en croisement avec une souche mâle standard. Pour la production d’oeufs, l’application au stade industriel présente plus de difficultés, du fait que dans les souches « ponte », surtout celles de petite taille (Leghorn), l’introduction de ce gène entraîne une réduction du nombre d’oeufs et de leur poids moyen. En dépit de cela, dans les souches mi-lourdes de type « oeuf brun », le gène dw améliore l’efficacité alimentaire, évite le rationnement des pondeuses et réduit le pourcentage d’oeufs cassés ou sans coquille. Des travaux ont donc cherché à mieux cerner les conditions optimales d’utilisation de pondeuses « naines » : incorporer le gène de préférence dans des populations mi-lourdes, éviter la sous-consommation alimentaire, se placer dans des conditions de production où une économie sur l’aliment est particulièrement importante. Un autre facteur lié au sexe issu de races Bantam, abaissant plus modérément la taille (10-15 %), sans effet réducteur du nombre d’oeufs, pourrait avoir une utilité dans des croisements particuliers.
Adaptation des bovins aux milieux d’élevage
Authors: LE NEINDRE P. , GAREL J.P.
Published: August 2020

Des veaux de races Pie-Noire et Salers ont été observés dans différentes conditions d’élevage et à différentes périodes de leur vie. S’ils sont avec leur mère dès la naissance, leurs activités ne sont pas statistiquement différentes entre les deux races. En revanche lorsqu’ils sont seuls, les veaux Pie-Noirs sont plus actifs que les Salers, ils boivent plus facilement le lait au seau, ils ingèrent plus d’aliment solide et ont finalement une meilleure croissance. La précocité sexuelle des Pie- Noires est supérieure à celle des Salers. Ces différences peuvent être interprétées en termes d’adaptations aux différents milieux d’élevage. Le terme « rusticité », trop imprécis, devrait être évité.
SARS-CoV-2 A Relation with Other Acute Respiratory Tract Infectious (ARTI) Diseases: A Short Communication
Authors: SYMPLI HAKANI
Published: August 2020

The short study implicates few basic similarities of COVID-19 such as diseases origination, symptoms, diagnosis with other relatable viral diseases viz SARS-CoV, common Flu, pneumonia etc. In the present situation, other viral diseases are frequently chaotic and misled with COVID-19 disease because of few clinical features similarities in signs and symptoms and also due to lack of specific diagnostic test. To avoid unnecessary suspects, quarantines of false positive results and to prevent the spread of COVID-19 diseases, the scientific technical research field are highly encourage to implement an efficient, rapid and sophisticated superior test for early stages of infection detection. It will be significantly convenient for physician, laboratory technicians and most importantly the common population facing a psychological disturbance.
Trading In Influence Dalam Perspektif Fikih Korupsi
Authors: Fad Mohammad Farid
Published: August 2020

Corruption is a deep-rooted phenomenon existing in inumerable forms that occurs in almost all countries. Of the inumerable forms of corruption, trading in influence (TI) is considered soft corruption as it is not directly inflict losses on the state. However, through misuse influence a person has, he can obtain undue advantage. This article seeks to describe critically about the practice of trading in influence from the perspective of fiqh corruption. The type of method used in this study was a qualitative method. Descriptive-analitycal method was used to accurately describe and systematically analyze the facts found. This research found that fromthe perspective of Islamic criminal law, TI is considered khiyanah or ghulul (betrayal) and risywah (bribes), while the sentence is left to the policy of a judge or ruler (ta'zir), no matter whether the perpetrators are the government or private parties.

 

Abstrak

Korupsi merupakan fenomena yang terjadi hampir merata di berbagai negara. Dari berbagai macam varian korupsi yang ada, trading in influence (TI) termasuk kriteria korupsi yang soft, artinya, negara tidak secara langsung dirugikan, namun melalui pengaruh yang diperdagangkan, seseorang bisa memperoleh keuntungan yang tidak semestinya (undue advantage) lewat kebijakan yang bersifat memihak. Artikel ini berupaya mendeskripsikan secara kritis tentang praktek TI dalam perspektif fikih korupsi. Jenis metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Sementara dalam menganalisis, peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, guna menggambarkan serta menganalisis secara sistematis fakta yang ditemukan secara akurat dan cermat. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam, TI dapat digolongkan dalam kategori khiyanah atau ghulul (pengkhianatan) dan risywah (suap), sementara hukumannya diserahkan pada kebijakan hakim atau penguasa (ta’zir), baik pelakunya penyelenggara negara maupun pihak swasta.
СОЧЕТАННЫЕ РЕСПИРАТОРНЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID19
Authors: Мелехина Елена , Музыка Анна , Николаева Светалана , Горелов Александр , Усенко Денис , Понежева Жанна
Published: August 2020

Острая респираторная инфекция, вызванная новым коронавирусом (SARS-CoV-2) остается глобальной проблемой и в настоящее время. Наиболее распространенными начальными симптомами у пациентов с инфекцией, вызванной SARS-Cov-2, являются лихорадка, кашель, одышка. Похожие клинические проявления (прежде всего, лихорадка, кашель и одышка) могут быть и при других вирусных респираторных инфекциях, что затрудняет дифференциальную диагностику COVID-2019 с острыми респираторными инфекции другой этиологии. Кроме того, даже во время вспышек респираторных заболеваний, вызванных новым патогеном, распространенные респираторные вирусы продолжают циркулировать и потенциально способны вызывать сочетанное инфицирование. Всё это необходимо учитывать при поиске оптимальной терапевтической тактике.
Relationship of Graft Type and Vancomycin Presoaking to Rate of Infection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kuršumović Kenan , Charalambous Charalambos Panayiotou
Published: August 2020

Background:

Infection is a devastating complication in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. Given the rarity of infection, pooling individual studies via meta-analysis can allow more meaningful evaluation of factors influencing infection rates. We aimed to determine the relationship of graft type and vancomycin graft presoaking to bacterial infection rates following ACLR.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials). Included articles were those reporting on primary arthroscopic or open ACLR procedures, using hamstring (HT) or bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autografts or allografts of any type, with regard to the outcome of infection (deep infection or septic arthritis). Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the overall infection rates in ACLR surgery according to graft type and to examine the effect of presoaking grafts in vancomycin on infection rates.

Results:

We identified 306 bacterial infections in 68,453 grafts across 198 studies. The overall estimated ACL graft infection rate in our meta-analysis was 0.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8% to 1.0%). HT autografts were associated with a higher infection rate (1.1%, CI = 0.9% to 1.2%) than BPTB autografts (0.7%, CI = 0.6% to 0.9%) and allografts (0.5%, CI = 0.4% to 0.8%) (Q = 15.58, p < 0.001). Presoaking HT autografts in vancomycin reduced infection rates to 0.1% (CI = 0.0% to 0.4%) (Q = 10.62, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:

Infection following ACLR remains a rare but serious complication. HT autografts are associated with higher infection rates than other graft types. Presoaking HT autografts in vancomycin reduces infection rates by an estimated tenfold.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Gerakan Literasi Sekolah Dan Lingkungan Kaya Teks Di Sekolah “Studi Asesmen Diri Sekolah Menengah Pertama Di Surabaya”
Authors: Hidayah Layli , Setyo Widodo Ganjar
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Based on the results of the tests conducted by PISA in 2012 and 2015, there were no significant differences in the ability of students in Indonesia, of which has been still relied on the lower ranks. Even though the school literacy movement (SLM) has been promoted by the government since then, there tends shows a lot of problems and neglect factors related to school policy-makers and the teachers. This self-evaluation study was carried out by involving private secondary school levels in Surabaya to study the achievements of the implementation of the SLM in their school, in particular related with the creation of text-rich environment. The results of this study are expected to provide preliminary research findings on a text-rich environment for the success of GLS in Surabaya. In addition, reflections involving teachers provide an understanding of the concept of literacy among teachers still based on reading and writing activities, not on information literacy and so on. The limitations of this understanding make the development of a text-rich environment in schools very minimal.

Abstrak: Berdasarakn hasil tes yang dselenggarakan oleh PISA di tahun 2012 dan 2015 tidak ada perbedaan yang menonjol dalam kemampuan literasi siswa di Indonesia, dan Indonesia masih berada pada peringkat bawah. Sekalipun gerakan literasi sekolah (GLS) sudah digalakkan, tampaknya masih banyak masalah dan kealpaan informasi terkait dengan budaya literasi di sekolah, baik pemangku kebijakan sekolah maupun guru. Penelitian evaluasi diri ini dilaksanakan dengan melibatkan sekolah menengah swasta di Surabaya untuk mengetahui capaian pelaksanaan GLS, terutama penciptaan lingkungan kaya teks. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan pemetaan awal penciptaan lingkungan kaya teks terhadap kesuksesan GLS di Surabaya. Selain itu, refleksi yang melibatkan guru memberikan gambaran bagaimana pemahaman konsep literasi di antara guru masih berpatok pada aktivitas membaca dan menulis, belum pada literasi informasi dan seterusnya. Keterbatasan pemahaman ini membuat pengembangan lingkungan kaya teks di sekolah juga terlambat
Pembelajaran Group Investigation dan Talking Chips untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Anwar Moh. Farid , Rozhana Kardiana Metha
Published: August 2020

Abstract: Conventional learning models are less effective for use in the 2013 curriculum which emphasizes scientific approaches. Innovative learning models are needed for learning in the 2013 curriculum. One form of innovative learning models is the GI learning model. The purpose of the research is to describe the application of GI learning models and Talking Chips methods to improve student learning outcomes and activities. This type of research is used by CAR, with four steps including planning, treatment and observation, reflection. While the techniques for obtaining data through observation, tests, interviews, and documentation. Learning outcomes cycle 1 gained a score of 84 to 89 and cycle 2 a score of 92 to 96.

Abstrak: Model pembelajaran konvensional kurang efektif untuk digunakan pada kurikulum 2013 yang menekankan pada pendekatan scientific. Model pembelajaran inovatif diperlukan untuk pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2013. Salah satu bentuk model pembelajaran inovatif adalah model pembelajaran GI. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran GI dan metode Talking Chips untuk meningkatkan  hasil dan aktivitas belajar siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan PTK, dengan empat langkah diantaranya planning, treatment and observation, reflection. Sedangkan teknik untuk memperoleh data melalui observasi, tes, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Hasil belajar siklus 1 memperoleh skor 84 menjadi 89 serta siklus 2 skor 92 menjadi 96.