bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Toxicology Studies of Basal Insulin Peglispro in Rats and Dogs: A Novel, PEGylated Insulin Lispro Analog with a Prolonged Duration of Action
Authors: Byrd Richard A. , Blackbourne Jamie L. , Knadler Mary Pat , Schultze Albert E. , Vahle John L.
Published: March 2017

Basal insulin peglispro (BIL) consists of insulin lispro with a 20-kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety covalently attached to lysine B28. Because chronic parenteral administration of PEGylated proteins to animals has sometimes resulted in PEG vacuolation of tissue macrophages, renal tubular cells, and choroid plexus ependymal cells, we investigated whether chronic subcutaneous (sc) injection of BIL in rats (52 weeks) and dogs (39 weeks) was associated with systemic toxicities or other changes, including vacuolation of tissue macrophages, renal tubular cells, and ependymal cells. Rats and dogs received daily sc injections of BIL (rats: 0.17, 0.45, or 1.15 mg/kg/d and dogs: 0.025, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/kg/d) and the reference compound, HUMULIN N® (neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH] human insulin; rats: 0.15 mg/kg/d and dogs: 0.02–0.03 mg/kg/d). Animals were evaluated for standard end points including mortality, clinical signs, body weights, toxicokinetics, glucodynamics, clinical pathology, and morphological pathology. Nonadverse injection site lipohypertrophy occurred for all BIL and NPH doses but more frequently with BIL. No BIL-related hyperplasia or neoplasia was observed. There was no vacuolation of tissue macrophages, renal tubular cells, or ependymal cells attributable to PEG. These studies demonstrate BIL is not associated with tissue vacuolation attributable to PEG at 4- to 6-fold multiple of the median clinical exposure in patients with diabetes.
The Nottingham Fatigue after Stroke (NotFAST) study: factors associated with severity of fatigue in stroke patients without depression
Authors: Drummond Avril , Hawkins Louise , Sprigg Nikola , Ward Nick S , Mistri Amit , Tyrrell Pippa , Mead Gillian E , Worthington Esme , Lincoln Nadina B
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To identify factors associated with post-stroke fatigue in a sample of stroke survivors without depression.

Design:

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:

Recruitment was from four stroke units in the UK.

Subjects:

Participants were assessed within four to six weeks of first stroke; those with high levels of depressive symptoms (score ⩾7 Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards) were excluded.

Main measures:

Participants were assessed after stroke on the Fatigue Severity Scale of the Fatigue Assessment Inventory, the Rivermead Mobility Index, Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale, Beck Anxiety Index, Sleep Hygiene Index, 6m walk test, and measures of cognitive ability.

Results:

Of the 371 participants recruited, 103 were excluded and 268 were assessed. Of the latter, the mean age was 67.7 years (SD 13.5) and 168 (63%) were men. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale mean score was 4.96 (SD 4.12). Post-stroke fatigue was reported by 115 (43%) of participants, with 71 (62%) reporting this to be a new symptom since their stroke. Multivariate analysis using the Fatigue Severity Scale as the outcome variable found pre-stroke fatigue, having a spouse/partner, lower Rivermead Mobility Index score, and higher scores on both the Brief Assessment Schedule Depression Cards and Beck Anxiety Index were independently associated with post-stroke fatigue, accounting for approximately 47% of the variance in Fatigue Severity Scale scores.

Conclusions:

Pre-stroke fatigue, lower mood, and poorer mobility were associated with post-stroke fatigue.
Hemodynamic mechanisms underlying elevated oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in moyamoya and sickle cell anemia patients
Authors: Watchmaker Jennifer M , Juttukonda Meher R , Davis Larry T , Scott Allison O , Faraco Carlos C , Gindville Melissa C , Jordan Lori C , Cogswell Petrice M , Jefferson Angela L , Kirshner Howard S , Donahue Manus J
Published: March 2017

Moyamoya is a bilateral, complex cerebrovascular condition characterized by progressive non-atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis and collateral vessel formation. Moyamoya treatment focuses on restoring cerebral blood flow (CBF) through surgical revascularization, however stratifying patients for revascularization requires abilities to quantify how well parenchyma is compensating for arterial steno-occlusion. Globally elevated oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) secondary to CBF reduction may serve as a biomarker for tissue health in moyamoya patients, as suggested in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and reduced oxygen carrying capacity. Here, OEF was measured (TRUST-MRI) to test the hypothesis that OEF is globally elevated in patients with moyamoya (n = 18) and SCA (n = 18) relative to age-matched controls (n = 43). Mechanisms underlying the hypothesized OEF increases were evaluated by performing sequential CBF-weighted, cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR)-weighted, and structural MRI. Patients were stratified by treatment and non-parametric tests applied to compare study variables (significance: two-sided P < 0.05). OEF was significantly elevated in moyamoya participants (interquartile range = 0.38–0.45) compared to controls (interquartile range = 0.29–0.38), similar to participants with SCA (interquartile range = 0.37–0.45). CBF was inversely correlated with OEF in moyamoya participants. Elevated OEF was only weakly related to reductions in CVR, consistent with basal CBF level, rather than vascular reserve capacity, being most closely associated with OEF.
The Ocean One hands: An adaptive design for robust marine manipulation
Authors: Stuart Hannah , Wang Shiquan , Khatib Oussama , Cutkosky Mark R
Published: March 2017

Underactuated, compliant, tendon-driven robotic hands are suited for deep-sea exploration. The robust Ocean One hand design utilizes elastic finger joints and a spring transmission to achieve a variety of pinch and wrap grasps. Compliance in the fingers and transmission determines the degree of load-sharing among contacts and the hands’ ability to secure irregularly shaped objects. However, it can also decrease external grasp stiffness and acquisition reliability. SimGrasp, a flexible dynamic hand simulator, enables parametric studies of the hand for acquisition and pull-out tests with varying transmission spring rates. In the present application, we take advantage of achieving different stiffnesses by reversing the direction of tendon windup using a torsional spring-loaded winch. With this provision, the hand can be relatively soft for handling delicate objects and stiff for tasks requiring strength. Two hands were field-tested as part of the Ocean One humanoid platform, which acquired a vase from the La Lune shipwreck site at a 91 m depth in the Mediterranean Sea.
Thin-section computed tomography findings in 104 immunocompetent patients with adenovirus pneumonia
Authors: Park Chan Kue , Kwon Hoon , Park Ji Young
Published: March 2017

Background

To date, there has been no computed tomography (CT) evaluation of adenovirus pneumonia in a large number of immunocompetent patients.

Purpose

To describe the thin-section CT findings of immunocompetent patients with adenovirus pneumonia.

Material and Methods

We prospectively enrolled 104 patients with adenovirus pneumonia from a military hospital. CT scans of each patient were retrospectively and independently assessed by two radiologists for the presence of abnormalities, laterality and zonal predominance of the parenchymal abnormalities, and dominant imaging patterns and their anatomic distributions.

Results

CT findings included consolidation (n = 92), ground-glass opacity (GGO; n = 82), septal thickening (n = 34), nodules (n = 46), bronchial wall thickening (n = 32), pleural effusion (n = 16), and lymphadenopathy (n = 3). Eighty-four patients (81%) exhibited unilateral parenchymal abnormalities and 57 (57%) exhibited lower lung zone abnormalities. The most frequently dominant CT pattern was consolidation with surrounding GGO (n = 50), with subpleural (70%) and peribronchovascular (94%) distributions. Consolidation—the second-most common pattern (n = 33)—also exhibited subpleural (79%) and peribronchovascular (97%) distributions. The dominant nodule pattern (n = 14) exhibited mixed (64%) and peribronchovascular (100%) distributions. A dominant GGO pattern was only observed in four patients; none had central distribution.

Conclusion

Although the manifestations of adenovirus pneumonia on CT are varied, we found the most frequent pattern was consolidation with or without surrounding GGO, with subpleural and peribronchovascular distributions. Parenchymal abnormalities were predominantly unilateral and located in the lower lung zone. If dominant consolidation findings are present in immunocompetent patients during the early stages, adenovirus pneumonia should be considered.
One-Step Treatment for Patellar Cartilage Defects With a Cell-Free Osteochondral Scaffold: A Prospective Clinical and MRI Evaluation
Authors: Perdisa Francesco , Filardo Giuseppe , Sessa Andrea , Busacca Maurizio , Zaffagnini Stefano , Marcacci Maurilio , Kon Elizaveta
Published: March 2017

Background:

The treatment of symptomatic cartilage defects of the patella is particularly challenging, and no gold standard is currently available.

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical results of a biphasic cell-free collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffold and to evaluate osteochondral tissue regeneration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients (18 men and 16 women; mean ± SD: age, 30.0 ± 10 years) were treated by scaffold implantation for knee chondral or osteochondral lesions of the patella (area, 2.1 ± 1 cm2). The clinical evaluation was performed prospectively at 12 and 24 months via the IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee; objective and subjective) and Tegner scores. MRI evaluation was performed at both follow-ups in 18 lesions through the MOCART score (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) and specific subchondral bone parameters.

Results:

A statistically significant improvement in all the scores was observed at 12- and 24-month follow-up as compared with the basal evaluation. The IKDC subjective score improved from 39.5 ± 14.5 to 61.9 ± 14.5 at 12 months ( P > .0005) with a further increase to 67.6 ± 17.4 at 24 months of follow-up (12-24 months, P = .020). The MRI evaluation showed a stable value of the MOCART score between 12 and 24 months, with a complete filling of the cartilage in 87.0% of the lesions, complete integration of the graft in 95.7%, and intact repair tissue surface in 69.6% at final follow-up. The presence of osteophytes or more extensive bony overgrowth was documented in 47.8% of the patients of this series, but no correlation was found between MRI findings and clinical outcome.

Conclusion:

The implantation of a cell-free collagen-hydroxyapatite osteochondral scaffold provided a clinical improvement at short-term follow-up for the treatment of patellar cartilage defects. Women had lower outcomes, and the need for realignment procedures led to a slower recovery. MRI evaluation showed some abnormal findings with the presence of bone overgrowth, but no correlation has been found with the clinical outcome.
Socio-economic stratification of life satisfaction in Ireland during an economic recession: A repeated cross-sectional study using the European Social Survey
Authors: Weckroth Mikko , Kemppainen Teemu , Dorling Danny
Published: March 2017

Life satisfaction is an understudied topic in literature on socio-economic stratification. Using the European Social Survey data, this study concentrates on the recent economic recession in Ireland, and the socio-economic stratification of life satisfaction before and during economic crisis. We measure stratification multidimensionally using education, occupational social class and income. The results show that the effects of the crisis, which peaked in 2010 in terms of both GDP and life satisfaction, are not experienced equally within the population. Lower strata (lowest income quartile, manual workers and those with basic education at most) are more affected. In the pre-crisis period, life satisfaction appeared to be stratified mostly by income, which was due to the experience of economic hardship. However, during the crisis stratification of life satisfaction took a more complex and deeper form and also basic education and manual labour then began to explain lower life satisfaction.
The erosive effects of small disasters on household absorptive capacity in Niamey: a nested HEA approach
Authors: Boubacar Soumana , Pelling Mark , Barcena Alejandro , Montandon Raphaëlla
Published: March 2017

The Household Economy Approach (HEA) is a tool routinely used to monitor household-level vulnerability to food security shocks in rural sub-Saharan Africa. Efforts are now focused on applying the HEA in urban contexts. Previous work has shown specific limitations to this method when applied to cities, where livelihoods are diverse, social capital is especially important for managing shocks, and multiple hazards interact. The paper proposes a household resilience assessment tool that incorporates elements of the HEA to provide potential for a joined-up rural–urban output, but that includes additional data and specific analytical approaches in recognition of urban contexts. The tool is piloted in Niamey, Niger. The experience showed collection of the required data to be challenging. Results identified low levels of resilience amongst flood-exposed households associated with inequalities in social capital ties and variable access to food and security post-flood. Responding to loss, households expended savings and took on debt. This has implications for focused resilience building and flood response planning.
Renewable energy policy dialogue towards 2030 – Editorial of the special issue
Authors: Doukas Haris , Karakosta Charikleia , Eichhammer Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

In view of the 2030 energy and climate objectives of the European Union, there is a need to evaluate the different options to shape the future framework for renewable energy sources (RES) policies and targets. The Special Issue focuses in seven papers on the following dimension of this future framework: (i) interactions between support for RES in the electricity sector and other climate and energy instruments in the European Union, (ii) challenges related to renewable energy technologies that have achieved a certain level of maturity, (iii) assessment of renewable and energy efficiency policies on natural gas markets and supply security, (iv) contribution of increasing district heating based on renewables to the renewable target achievements of Central and Eastern European, (v) how to support the successful achievement of renewable energy targets in the short and medium term and in a time horizon up to 2030, and how to share the efforts required among individual countries or groups of European Member States, (vi) influence of the rapidly increasing shares of variable renewable on the price on electricity markets as well as flexibility requirements in the electricity system, (vii) principal design features and context factors which increase or reduce the effectiveness and efficiency of RES-E auctions.
Challenges and appropriate policy portfolios for (almost) mature renewable electricity technologies
Authors: Held Anne , Boßmann Tobias , Ragwitz Mario , del Río Pablo , Janeiro Luis , Förster Sonja
Published: March 2017

This paper assesses challenges arising for renewable energy technologies that have achieved a certain maturity level in terms of technology development, costs and market penetration. We identify these challenges, which diverge from challenges for less mature technologies and, based on three case studies, we analyse how some of the challenges have materialised and have been dealt with in practice. Case studies include experiences with the occurrence of negative prices in Germany, the question of how to deal with a market situation characterised by overcapacity in Spain and the problem of social opposition towards the construction of renewable power plants in the UK. Finally, we suggest solutions to deal with these issues in order to ensure the 2030 target is achieved, taking into account the changing framework conditions.
The infected self: Revisiting the metaphor of the mind virus
Authors: Robertson Lloyd Hawkeye
Published: March 2017

The idea that units of culture may act as a virus controlling some of the perceptions and actions of individuals has been the subject of considerable controversy since proposed by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins. This debate has occurred in the absence of a defined mental viral structure or a target body upon which such viral structures may act. This article develops a paradigm in which the self is understood as such a body upon which future research into “mind viruses” may be undertaken. Possible mechanisms for mind-viral transmission are discussed. Criteria for defining a mental virus are used to examine evidence of possible mind-virus contagion in suicides, suicide cults, terrorism, and religion.
The Marginalisation of Religion in International Relations
Authors: Prasad Shubha Kamala
Published: March 2017

This article aims to address why religion has been marginalised in international relations (IR) and discusses its implications. The first section examines the literature on the secular roots of the discipline of IR and how theoretical inputs from the West are shaped by context-specific European events and philosophies that are not ‘universal’ in nature. The second part delves into how the existing theoretical traditions of IR—realism, liberalism and constructivism—can incorporate religion as a variable in evaluating international politics. The final section will explore the problems with the recent spate of literature from the West after 9/11 on religion and IR. The article contends that the Indian conception of secularism, which has been studied in-depth vis-à-vis Indian domestic politics but not international politics, can be further examined to formulate frameworks that understand and deal with religion in IR.
Transcending Dualism in Samuel P. Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations Thesis
Authors: Moazzam Areeba Ahsanat
Published: March 2017

Glorification of ‘self’ (Western civilisation) at the expense of the ‘other’ (eight civilisations) was inherent in Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations thesis. The ‘other’ civilisations identified—as the non-self and situated mostly in the Global South—were clubbed together as the Rest, irrespective of their pluralism. Building on Huntington’s binaries—the West and the Rest—this article makes an attempt to reflect on similarities within the perceived differences. Even though his civilisations appear different, they are in many ways similar due to interactions, colonisation and globalisation. Their relationship has become complicated; Western civilisation cannot do without civilisations from the Global South. Hence, there can be no perpetual or fixed enemy nor can all relationships be suspended with the ‘other’ in a globalising world.
The Experiences of Older Italian Migrants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Carolan-Olah Mary , Cassar Angie
Published: March 2017

Purpose: Older Italian migrants in Australia are a vulnerable group, with high rates of type 2 diabetes and low levels of English language proficiency. The project explored the experience of living with diabetes and factors that facilitated or inhibited access to diabetes services. Method: Focus groups were conducted in Italian with 13 participants with type 2 diabetes, aged 68 to 85 years. Results: Findings indicate five main themes, including (a) the value of health, (b) the impact of diabetes, (c) making changes, (d) managing diabetes, and (e) access to information and services. Conclusion: The social context of food, presented the greatest impediment to successful diabetes self-management for this group of older Italian migrants. Participants identified a need for greater community engagement and education. Implications for Practice: A need for greater access to interpreters and information in Italian was identified. Counselling services may be necessary for this group.
Systematic Review of Social–Emotional Screening Instruments for Young Children in Child Welfare
Authors: McCrae Julie S. , Brown Samantha M.
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act requires child welfare agencies to have provisions in place to refer young children to early intervention services, yet the socioemotional health needs of children are often challenging to recognize and treat effectively. This study reviews the substantive and psychometric properties of screening instruments designed for children ages 10 and younger.

Methods:

Major social science databases, websites of national organizations, and the Mental Measurements Yearbook were used to identify instruments for review.

Results:

Twenty-four instruments met review criteria, and eight show above-average measurement properties and testing, tap children’s strengths and concerns, and have evidence of validity with families similar to child welfare–involved families.

Discussion:

It is important to effectively screen for children showing concerns in early childhood, so that treatment and prevention can be prioritized. This study indicated several tools with adequate testing and with emerging evidence and applicability to child welfare.
The Long-Term Outcome of Tendon Lengthening for Chronic Achilles Tendon Pain
Authors: Costa Matthew L. , Donell Simon T. , Tucker Keith
Published: March 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term results of tendon lengthening surgery for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon pain. Methods: The results of 21 procedures in 18 patients were assessed. Each patient had an open Z-plasty to lengthen the Achilles tendon by 1 cm. Results: Results showed a long-term (7.5 years) reduction in visual analogue pain scores for sporting activity in 20 of 21 procedures (median 50 point reduction, p < 0.0005). The tendon lengthening was apparent in a mean increase in dorsiflexion of 5 degrees. Two patients had minor gait abnormalities postoperatively. One patient had a reduction in plantarflexion power on the operated side, but five patients had improved power compared to the nonoperated limb. One major and five minor surgical complications were noted. Conclusions: The retrospective nature of this study must be noted in drawing conclusions. However, the results suggest excellent long-term reduction of Achilles pain after tendon lengthening. This must be weighed against a relatively high complication rate for any procedure in this region. This treatment does not appear to cause long-term deficits in plantarflexion power or gait.
Technique and Results of Achilles Tendon Detachment and Reconstruction for Insertional Achilles Tendinosis
Authors: Wagner Emilio , Gould John S. , Kneidel Matthew , Fleisig Glen S. , Fowler Rachel
Published: March 2017

Background: Insertional Achilles tendinosis is a clinical entity that commonly occurs with other posterior heel disorders such as retrocalcaneal bursitis, Haglund deformity, intratendinous ossification and pretendinous bursitis. Complete detachment and reconstruction of the Achilles tendon was evaluated as a method of treatment for this condition. Methods: Seventy-five patients (81 heels) were treated over a 5-year period for chronic insertional Achilles tendinosis. These were divided in two groups: a nondetached group (26 patients, 31 heels, average age 55 years) included all patients with debridement of the Achilles tendon with no or partial detachment of the tendon, and a detached group (49 patients, 50 heels, average age 56.1 years) that included all patients with complete detachment, debridement, and reattachment with suture anchors of the Achilles tendon associated with proximal V-Y lengthening of the proximal aponeurosis. Sixty-one patients (65 heels) were contacted for an interview questionnaire, 22 patients from the nondetached group (26 heels) and 39 patients from the detached group (39 heels). The average followup for the nondetached group was 47 months and for the detached group 33 months. Items evaluated included pain, activity limitation, gait change, walking distance, return to sport or work, and level of satisfaction. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted in relation to any of the items evaluated. In the nondetached group, the satisfaction rate was 92%, and 8% were dissatisfied. In the detached group, 74% were completely satisfied and 18% were satisfied with reservations. Eight percent were dissatisfied. Complications included minor wound dehiscence (one in the nondetached, five in the detached group), wound infection (one in the nondetached group, two in the detached group) and sural neuritis (two in the detached group). Conclusions: Complete detachment of the Achilles tendon and reattachment with suture anchors and a proximal V-Y lengthening was a reliable and effective method of treatment for severe chronic insertional Achilles tendinosis as was debridement of the tendon insertion without detachment for less severe involvement.
The Family Experience of Fatigue in Heart Failure
Authors: Whitehead Lisa
Published: March 2017

Fatigue is a symptom experienced almost universally by people living with a chronic illness. People diagnosed with heart failure have described experiencing significant levels of fatigue. The family experience of fatigue, that is, how families perceive, respond to, and manage fatigue, is unknown. Semistructured family group interviews with 22 families ( N = 62 family members) were conducted. Thematic analysis was undertaken to explore the family experience of fatigue. Fatigue was described as a significant symptom that affected physical, emotional, and social functioning at a family level. Fatigue was described as difficult to manage, and while most family members interviewed had developed a shared understanding of fatigue, some family members found acceptance of this invisible symptom more difficult. Spouses were more likely to express concern that fatigue, and especially increased fatigue, represented a decline in health. The study highlighted the importance of a shared understanding of fatigue from a family perspective.
Is “Hegemonic Masculinity” Hegemonic as Masculinity? Two Israeli Case Studies
Authors: Hirsch Dafna , Kachtan Dana Grosswirth
Published: March 2017

In this article, we consider Connell’s theory of masculinity through a phenomenon we encountered in our respective research projects, one focusing on the construction of masculinity among early Zionist ideological workers and the other focusing on present-day military masculinities and ethnicity in Israel. In both contexts, a bodily performance which marks the breach of “civilized behavior” is adopted in order to signify accentuated masculinity. In both, a symbolic hierarchy of masculinities emerges, in which Arabs—and in the case of Golani soldiers, also “Arab Jews,” that is, Jews who descended from Arab countries—are marked as more masculine than hegemonic Ashkenazi men (i.e., men of European descent). Thus, while our case studies support Connell’s argument that masculinity may be practiced in various ways, the hierarchical relationship between masculine styles appears to be more multilayered than Connell’s theory suggests. We connect the tension between masculine status, understood as a location within a symbolic hierarchy of masculinities, and social status in our case studies to the contradiction at the heart of modern masculinity. We argue that in order to account for this tension, which may arise in specific interactional contexts, we need a concept of masculinity as a cultural repertoire, of which people make situated selections. The repertoire of masculinity is where the elements and models that organize both masculine practice and perceptions concerning masculinity are stored. While selections from the repertoire of masculinity cannot be conceived as voluntary, the conventional nature of cultural repertoires allows for some leeway in the selections that people make. Hence, it allows for a more flexible relationship between social positions and masculine styles.
Barriers to Access to Palliative Care
Authors: Hawley Pippa
Published: March 2017

Despite significant advances in understanding the benefits of early integration of palliative care with disease management, many people living with a chronic life-threatening illness either do not receive any palliative care service or receive services only in the last phase of their illness. In this article, I explore some of the reasons for failure to provide palliative care services and recommend some strategies to overcome these barriers, emphasizing the importance of describing palliative care accurately. I provide language which I hope will help health care professionals of all disciplines explain what palliative care has to offer and ensure wider access to palliative care, early in the course of their illness.
Resistance in Public Spaces: Questions of Distinction, Duration, and Expansion
Authors: Frers Lars , Meier Lars
Published: March 2017

What are the limits of resistance in public spaces? Academic representations of acts of resistance often exclusively look at the acts themselves, focusing on performers or participants, but neglecting passers-by. How do these passers-by connect (or not) to these acts and their aesthetics? What about after the action is over and the participants have left? What about effects at sites distant from where the practices of resistance took place? This article uses the works of Michel de Certeau, Pierre Bourdieu, and Jacques Rancière to discuss the restrictions and the potential resistance in public spaces. We investigate the limitations of everyday practices of resistance in public spaces and suggest that future research can better understand the limits of practices of resistance by taking into account three distinct aspects: distinction, duration, and extension. We use Rancière’s understanding of aesthetics and the sensible to link accounts of resistance that focus on political subjectivities and those that focus on actual practices of resistance.
The domestic ecology of Australian subscription video on demand services
Authors: Meese James
Published: March 2017

This article presents early findings from a study examining the introduction of subscription video on demand (SVOD) services to the Australian market from the perspective of the Australian home. Through a series of group interviews with nine ‘early adopter’ households in Melbourne and Sydney, I detail how these services entered the home and contribute to changing habits and practices around media consumption and access. These interviews reveal that despite the ‘mobile’ promise of SVOD services, households still view the television as a central site for communal media consumption. This consumption is also becoming increasingly legal, with participants engaging in less copyright infringement after subscribing. While many households are still using circumvention tools to access overseas libraries, this is highly dependent on the presence of a digitally literate householder.
Registered Replication Report: Rand, Greene, and Nowak (2012)
Authors: Bouwmeester S. , Verkoeijen P. P. J. L. , Aczel B. , Barbosa F. , Bègue L. , Brañas-Garza P. , Chmura T. G. H. , Cornelissen G. , Døssing F. S. , Espín A. M. , Evans A. M. , Ferreira-Santos F. , Fiedler S. , Flegr J. , Ghaffari M. , Glöckner A. , Goeschl T. , Guo L. , Hauser O. P. , Hernan-Gonzalez R. , Herrero A. , Horne Z. , Houdek P. , Johannesson M. , Koppel L. , Kujal P. , Laine T. , Lohse J. , Martins E. C. , Mauro C. , Mischkowski D. , Mukherjee S. , Myrseth K. O. R. , Navarro-Martínez D. , Neal T. M. S. , Novakova J. , Pagà R. , Paiva T. O. , Palfi B. , Piovesan M. , Rahal R.-M. , Salomon E. , Srinivasan N. , Srivastava A. , Szaszi B. , Szollosi A. , Thor K. Ø. , Tinghög G. , Trueblood J. S. , Van Bavel J. J. , van ‘t Veer A. E. , Västfjäll D. , Warner M. , Wengström E. , Wills J. , Wollbrant C. E.
Published: March 2017

In an anonymous 4-person economic game, participants contributed more money to a common project (i.e., cooperated) when required to decide quickly than when forced to delay their decision (Rand, Greene & Nowak, 2012), a pattern consistent with the social heuristics hypothesis proposed by Rand and colleagues. The results of studies using time pressure have been mixed, with some replication attempts observing similar patterns (e.g., Rand et al., 2014) and others observing null effects (e.g., Tinghög et al., 2013; Verkoeijen & Bouwmeester, 2014). This Registered Replication Report (RRR) assessed the size and variability of the effect of time pressure on cooperative decisions by combining 21 separate, preregistered replications of the critical conditions from Study 7 of the original article (Rand et al., 2012). The primary planned analysis used data from all participants who were randomly assigned to conditions and who met the protocol inclusion criteria (an intent-to-treat approach that included the 65.9% of participants in the time-pressure condition and 7.5% in the forced-delay condition who did not adhere to the time constraints), and we observed a difference in contributions of −0.37 percentage points compared with an 8.6 percentage point difference calculated from the original data. Analyzing the data as the original article did, including data only for participants who complied with the time constraints, the RRR observed a 10.37 percentage point difference in contributions compared with a 15.31 percentage point difference in the original study. In combination, the results of the intent-to-treat analysis and the compliant-only analysis are consistent with the presence of selection biases and the absence of a causal effect of time pressure on cooperation.
Is Prevent a safe space?
Authors: Ramsay Peter
Published: March 2017

In this article, I test the claims of the UK government and universities that the Prevent programme aims to create a safe space for the discussion of ‘extremist’ ideas in universities. I do this by comparing the main elements of the Prevent duty that has been imposed on universities with those of safe spaces as imagined by student campaigners and some educational writers. I conclude that, while there are manifest and significant differences in the harms that the two strategies aim to prevent, and in the sources, nature and targets of the coercion that the two strategies entail, their overall form and the underlying assumptions that rationalise them are shared. I consider some implications of their differences and of their shared characteristics for the critics of the two strategies.
Metastatic pulmonary carcinomas in cats (‘feline lung–digit syndrome’): further variations on a theme
Authors: Thrift Elizabeth , Greenwell Chris , Turner Audra-Lynne , Harvey Andrea M , Maher Donna , Malik Richard
Published: March 2017

Case series summary

The aim of this retrospective case series was to describe seven cases where cats with primary lung tumours were presented because of metastases to extra-pulmonary sites (‘feline lung–digit syndrome’). Specifically, we wanted to emphasise less typical case descriptions where tumour emboli resulted in lesions developing in the musculature (including the muscles of the head), skin or distal aorta.

Relevance and novel information

The cases are presented to increase clinical awareness of this entity in feline practice, especially when characteristic combinations of clinical signs are present. When clinicians have a high index of suspicion for these presentations, radiology (thorax and digits) or ultrasound (distal aorta), combined with collection of fine needle aspirate specimens for cytology, are usually sufficient to secure a definitive diagnosis. Novel information in this series includes CT and MRI findings from some cases. Typically, needle aspiration or biopsy targeting the skin, digits and lesions in musculature is far easier compared with sampling the primary tumour site in the lungs. The differential diagnosis and investigation of multiple digital lesions is also considered.
Surgical management of medial humeral epicondylitis, cubital synovial osteochondromatosis and humeroradial subluxation in a cat
Authors: Perry Karen L
Published: March 2017

Case summary

A 13-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented for evaluation of pain and difficulty ambulating. Orthopedic examination and CT facilitated a diagnosis of bilateral elbow synovial osteochondromatosis with medial humeral epicondylitis and concurrent osteoarthritis. Right humeroradial subluxation was evident on CT images, but no instability was evident preoperatively. Surgical treatment was elected, including external neurolysis of the ulnar nerve, removal of the areas of mineralization within the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and medial arthrotomy to remove intra-articular mineralized bodies. Following closure, instability of the right elbow was noted with humeroradial subluxation necessitating placement of circumferential suture prostheses to provide satisfactory stability. Reassessment was performed 2, 6, 12, 24 and 40 weeks postoperatively and revealed maintenance of elbow stability and substantial improvement in mobility and comfort.

Relevance and novel information

While humeroradial subluxation has been reported in association with medial humeral epicondylitis on post-mortem examination, associated clinically significant instability has not been documented previously. Surgeons should be aware of the potential for this complication and check elbow stability following surgery. Despite this complication, a favorable medium-term outcome was achieved for this cat.
Costs and Benefits of Including Inactivated in Addition to Oral Poliovirus Vaccine in Outbreak Response After Cessation of Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Use
Authors: Duintjer Tebbens Radboud J. , Thompson Kimberly M.
Published: March 2017

Background: After stopping serotype 2–containing oral poliovirus vaccine use, serotype 2 poliovirus outbreaks may still occur and require outbreak response supplemental immunization activities (oSIAs). Current oSIA plans include the use of both serotype 2 monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine (mOPV2) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Methods: We used an existing model to compare the effectiveness of mOPV2 oSIAs with or without IPV in response to a hypothetical postcessation serotype 2 outbreak in northwest Nigeria. We considered strategies that co-administer IPV with mOPV2, use IPV only for older age groups, or use only IPV during at least one oSIA. We considered the cost and supply implications and estimated from a societal perspective the incremental cost-effectiveness and incremental net benefits of adding IPV to oSIAs in the context of this hypothetical outbreak in 2017. Results: Adding IPV to the first or second oSIA resulted in a 4% to 6% reduction in expected polio cases compared to exclusive mOPV2 oSIAs. We found the greatest benefit of IPV use if added preemptively as a ring around the initial oSIA target population, and negligible benefit if added to later oSIAs or older age groups. We saw an increase in expected polio cases if IPV replaced mOPV2 during an oSIA. None of the oSIA strategies that included IPV for this outbreak represented a cost-effective or net beneficial intervention compared to reliance on mOPV2 only. Conclusions: While adding IPV to oSIAs results in marginal improvements in performance, the poor cost-effectiveness and current limited IPV supply make it economically unattractive for high-risk settings in which IPV does not significantly affect transmission.
Biological therapies in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Zugazagoitia Jon , Molina-Pinelo Sonia , Lopez-Rios Fernando , Paz-Ares Luis
Published: March 2017

Biological therapies have improved survival outcomes of advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genotype-directed therapies have changed treatment paradigms of patients withEGFR-mutant andALK/ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas, and the list of druggable targets with demonstrated clinical actionability (BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK1andHER2) continues to expand. Furthermore, we have incrementally understood the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and foresee ways to effectively circumvent them, particularly at the immune checkpoint level. Drugs targeting the tumour immune-evasive PD-1 pathway have demonstrated remarkable treatment benefits in this disease, with a non-negligible fraction of patients potentially receiving long-term survival benefits. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of various medical disciplines in the management of advanced-stage NSCLC and review the most relevant biological therapies for this disease, with particular emphasis in genotype-directed therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Locating microseismic sources with a single seismometer channel using coda wave interferometry
Authors: Zhao Youqian , Curtis Andrew , Baptie Brian
Published: March 2017

A novel source location method based on coda wave interferometry (CWI) was applied to a microseismic data set of mining-induced events recorded in Nottinghamshire, England. CWI uses scattered waves in the coda of seismograms to estimate the differences between two seismic states. We used CWI to estimate the distances between pairs of earthquake locations, which are then used jointly to determine the relative location of a cluster of events using a probabilistic framework. We evaluated two improvements to this location technique: These account for the impact of a large difference in the dominant wavelength of a recording made on different instruments, and they standardize the selection of parameters to be used when implementing the method. Although the method has been shown to produce reasonable estimates on larger earthquakes, we tested the method for microseismic events with shorter distinguishable codas in recorded waveforms, and hence, fewer recorded scattered waves. The earthquake location results are highly consistent when using different individual seismometer channels, showing that it is possible to locate event clusters with a single-channel seismometer. We thus extend the potential applications of this cost-effective method to seismic events over a wider range of magnitudes.
A general optimal method for a 2D frequency-domain finite-difference solution of scalar wave equation
Authors: Fan Na , Zhao Lian-Feng , Xie Xiao-Bi , Tang Xin-Gong , Yao Zhen-Xing
Published: March 2017

We have developed a general optimal method for 2D frequency-domain finite-difference simulation of the scalar wave equation. For a given finite-difference stencil, this method can generate the dispersion equation and optimize the expansion coefficients. Many commonly used frequency-domain finite-difference schemes (e.g., grids with different numbers of points, rotated grids, and grid spaces with different aspect ratios) can be derived as special cases under this framework. The possibility of expanding this method to 3D does exist. Based on the 2D scalar wave equation, the optimized coefficients of 25-point, 9-point, 17-point, and 15-point schemes have been worked out. The dispersion analysis indicates that our 25-point scheme has much higher accuracy than the average-derivative method 25-point scheme. The number of grid points per the smallest wavelength is reduced from 2.78 to 2.13 for a maximum phase velocity errors of 1%. The synthetic seismograms and the wavefield snapshots calculated using our optimal 25-point finite-different scheme give smaller dispersions than other finite-difference schemes.
Initial 4D seismic results after CO2 injection start-up at the Aquistore storage site
Authors: Roach Lisa A. N. , White Donald J. , Roberts Brian , Angus Doug
Published: March 2017

The first post-[Formula: see text]-injection 3D time-lapse seismic survey was conducted at the Aquistore [Formula: see text] storage site in February 2016 using the same permanent array of buried geophones used for acquisition of three previous pre-[Formula: see text]-injection surveys from March 2012 to November 2013. By February 2016, 36 kilotons of [Formula: see text] have been injected within the reservoir between 3170 and 3370 m depth. We have developed time-lapse results from analysis of the first post-[Formula: see text]-injection data and three pre-[Formula: see text]-injection data sets. The objective of our analysis was to evaluate the ability of the permanent array to detect the injected [Formula: see text]. A “4D-friendly simultaneous” processing flow was applied to the data in an effort to maximize the repeatability between the pre- and post-[Formula: see text]-injection volumes while optimizing the final subsurface image including the reservoir. Excellent repeatability was achieved among all surveys with global normalized root-mean-square (G nrms) values of 1.13–1.19 for the raw prestack data relative to the baseline data, which decreased during processing to G nrms values of approximately 0.10 for the final crossequalized migrated data volumes. A zone of high normalized root-mean-square ( nrms) values (0.11–0.25 as compared with background values of 0.05–0.10) is identified within the upper Deadwood unit of the storage reservoir, which likely corresponds to approximately 18 kilotons of [Formula: see text]. No significant nrms anomalies are observed within the other reservoir units due to a combination of reduced seismic sensitivity, higher background nrms values, and/or small quantities of [Formula: see text] residing within these zones.
Machine learning systems open up access to large volumes of valuable information lying dormant in unstructured documents
Authors: Blinston Kerry , Blondelle Henri
Published: March 2017

Like many other types of data in the energy industry, well data stored electronically can be divided into two categories: (1) data stored in relational or object databases that are highly structured and (2) data located in documents in various formats (TIFF, JPG, PDF, XLS, etc.) that are typically gathered in folders in a semistructured or unstructured form. Typically, these data break down into 20% structured data versus 80% semi- or unstructured data; this figure is in line with what is observed for other types of data across the industry. This situation affects the ability to make informed decisions since geoscientific software and risk-assessment analytic systems only operate on structured data. Current practices to extract data and metadata from unstructured documents involve a mainly manual and costly process. Data model limitations of the most prevalent databases are a further hindrance to the capture of unstructured data. We discuss a feasibility study to access the 11,500 well headers and 450,000 documents from the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS) that were released by Common Data Access Limited (CDAL — a wholly owned subsidiary of Oil and Gas UK, funded by 55 operators to share subsurface E&P data) as part of its 2016 Unstructured Data Challenge initiative. A cost-effective solution based on emerging machine learning technology “taught” and guided by data-management experts can support the reliable indexing and cataloging of these forms of data, paving the way for much more reliable E&P business decisions in the future.
SEG WNC boasts successful events during SEG 2016
Authors: Erwin Maitri , Whitesell Laurie
Published: March 2017

The SEG Women's Network Committee (WNC) had a successful and event-filled 2016 Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas. The WNC events began 17 October with the inaugural WNC Networking Event. Maitri Erwin, WNC chair, described the origins of the committee, which was established in 2011 to raise awareness of and find solutions for the challenges women encounter in the field of applied geophysics. The committee objectives are to: encourage more participation and leadership by women in applied geophysics worldwide; create a community for mutual support among female SEG members; enhance recruiting and retention of women in the profession and mentoring of students and young professionals; and elevate awareness of the value of a diverse workforce in the profession.