bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Immunohistochemistry and Multiple-Level Sectioning in Sentinel Lymph Nodes From Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Pargaonkar Anjali S. , Beissner Robert S. , Snyder Samuel , Speights V. O.
Published: January 2021

Context.—Previous investigations on sentinel lymph node biopsies have demonstrated their importance in nodal staging of patients with breast cancer. However, sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer is currently a controversial procedure and continues to provoke debate.

Objectives.—We designed our study to determine the usefulness of a standard protocol for evaluating sentinel lymph node metastases and to assess the value of sentinel node biopsy as the only procedure in nodal staging in breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods.—A retrospective analysis of 84 breast cancer patients with sentinel node biopsies, who also underwent axillary dissection, was conducted using a standard protocol (3 levels of immunohistochemical stains for keratin and 2 levels of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stains on the first 3 negative lymph nodes).

Results.—Hematoxylin-eosin staining identified 20 patients (23.8%) with sentinel node metastases. The remaining 64 negative patients (76.1%) were tumor free on sentinel lymph nodes at level 1 HE. Additional immunohistochemical stains for keratin and HE stains on specimens from these 64 patients showed an additional 5 patients (7.8%) to be positive for lymph node micrometastases (<2 mm). The total percentage of cases with sentinel lymph node metastases detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry was 29.7%. Of the remaining 59 cases that were negative on HE and immunohistochemistry, axillary dissection revealed 3 cases that had metastases in the axillary lymph nodes. The false-negative rate was 10.7%. The concordance rate between sentinel lymph nodes and axillary lymph nodes was 96.4%. The sensitivity was 89% and specificity was 100%.

Conclusion.—Immunohistochemistry and multiple-level sectioning increased detection of metastases by 7.8% in sentinel lymph nodes. Caution should be used in accepting sentinel node biopsy alone as the only procedure for staging due to a high false-negative rate (10.7%). A predictive value of 96.4% confirms that sentinel lymph node biopsy is most likely to contain metastatic carcinoma. Sentinel lymph node examination with the protocol we describe, combined with axillary dissection, increased the yield of metastatic disease by identifying 8 additional cases of nodal metastatic disease (an increase of 28%), as compared to standard axillary nodal dissection and single-section sentinel lymph node examination alone.
Clear Cell Carcinoid Tumor of the Gallbladder
Authors: Konishi Eiichi , Nakashima Yasuaki , Smyrk Thomas C. , Masuda Seiji
Published: January 2021

A golden yellow polyp was detected in the gallbladder of a 64-year-old man who presented with epigastric pain. The lesion was composed of clear polygonal cells arranged in a trabecular and glandular pattern. The tumor invaded through the wall into the perimuscular subserosal layer. Immunohistochemical stains showed that neoplastic cells were positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin, somatostatin, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide and negative for glucagon, serotonin, insulin, S100 protein, and inhibin. This tumor resembles the recently described clear cell endocrine tumors of the gallbladder and pancreas that are associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Our patient, however, had neither personal nor family history indicative of von Hippel-Lindau disease. Furthermore, published accounts of clear cell endocrine tumors in von Hippel-Lindau disease describe immunoreactivity for inhibin; the current case was negative for the disease. There may be a subtype of clear cell carcinoid tumor not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease, which is characterized by its lack of immunoreactivity against inhibin.
Ten-Year Follow-up of Mammary Carcinoma Arising in Microglandular Adenosis Treated With Breast Conservation
Authors: Resetkova Erika , Flanders David J. , Rosen Paul Peter
Published: January 2021

Microglandular adenosis is a rare proliferative lesion of the breast that may mimic carcinoma grossly and histologically. Although the lesion in its simplest form is benign, it can give rise to carcinoma, which may be found at the time of diagnosis in a minority of cases. Limited follow-up data have indicated no predisposition to develop subsequent carcinoma in patients treated with excisional biopsy for microglandular adenosis when carcinoma was not initially present. Breast conservation has rarely been used in patients with carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis. We report here the unique 10-year follow-up of a woman who underwent breast conservation treatment for carcinoma that arose in microglandular adenosis.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Ovary: A Case Report and Discussion of Differential Diagnoses
Authors: Hammock Lauren , Ghorab Zeina , Gomez-Fernandez Carmen R.
Published: January 2021

The clinical presentation of renal cell carcinoma in the ovary is rare and may closely resemble that of other ovarian clear cell tumors. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in a patient who presented with a right adnexal mass and no other significant past medical history. The gross appearance of the tumor suggested a primary ovarian neoplasm. However, microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis revealed involvement of both ovaries by a clear cell tumor with features of renal cell carcinoma. A renal mass was subsequently discovered. We discuss the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of this tumor and the features of other clear cell neoplasms in the differential diagnosis.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Involving the Thymus
Authors: Lee Benjamin H. , George Suzanne , Kutok Jeffery L.
Published: January 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells that occurs in a range of nodal and extranodal sites. Scattered reports of LCH within the thymus exist, typically among children within the setting of multifocal, multisystem disease. Rare cases of isolated LCH involving the thymus have occurred in adult patients with myasthenia gravis. We report a case of unifocal LCH involving the thymus in a middle-aged woman with a history of a resected leiomyosarcoma but no evidence of myasthenia gravis. Computed tomographic scans revealed an anterior mediastinal mass, which was excised and measured 9.0 cm. Histologic and immunophenotypic findings (CD1a, S100, and Fascin positive and CD68 negative) were consistent with LCH. To our knowledge, this is the first example of LCH occurring in a patient with a history of soft tissue sarcoma and one of the rare reported examples of LCH presenting as a large isolated lesion in the thymus of a nonmyasthenic adult.
Molecular Evidence of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Authors: Wenk Robert E.
Published: January 2021

Many perpetrators of Munchausen syndrome by proxy present bloodstained materials as counterfeit evidence of proxy hemorrhage. Although blood grouping may show that the blood is not the proxy's, DNA typing may specifically identify the blood's source. A mother claimed that she alone had witnessed gastrointestinal bleeding of her son and presented bloodstained towels as evidence. Several clinical investigations had failed to reveal a bleeding source. I compared the DNA types of the bloodstains and the child's buccal cells. The bloodstain and epithelial cells differed at 4 of 8 microsatellite loci and at the amelogenin locus. The blood and buccal cells shared 1 allele at every locus, suggesting that their sources were closely related. The probability that the source of the blood was maternal was 0.9915 (prior probability, 0.5). I recommend DNA matching in suspected cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy whenever blood is presented as evidence.
Acute Leukemia With Myeloid, B-, and Natural Killer Cell Differentiation
Authors: Lee Po-Shing , Lin Ching-Nan , Liu Chientzu , Huang Chien-Tai , Hwang Wei-Shiou
Published: January 2021

Biphenotypic acute leukemias account for 4% to 8% of all acute leukemias. Most of these leukemias are of myeloid–B-cell or myeloid–T-cell lineage. Acute myeloid–natural killer cell leukemia has been recognized recently. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of CD56+ acute leukemia showing unequivocal myeloid and B-cell differentiation in a 20-year-old woman, whose blast cells were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD13, CD33, CD117, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD34, HLA-DR, and CD56 but negative for CD3, CD5, CD7, and CD10. Rare Auer rods were identified in the blast cells. Polymerase chain reaction assays showed rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene and absence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA. We propose that this novel form of multilineage leukemia may represent the neoplastic counterpart of a progenitor that can give rise to myeloid, B, and natural killer cells.
Coping with Multitudes
Authors: Vasiliauskaitė Nida
Published: January 2021

This article is an outline of the current issue of Filosofija. Sociologija, thematically divided into four sections. Starting from the most general one, focused on abstract topics of metaphysical kind and big names, proceeding to theorize on practices of human co-existence, then dealing specifically with Marxist paradigm, and finally with problems related to artificial intelligence and digital society. The thought of the 20th century and its socio-political implications up till now unites them all.
The Nature and Potential Applications of Contextual Definition in Philosophy of Law
Authors: Ogleznev Vitaly
Published: January 2021

The paper analyses the nature and potential applications of contextual definitions in modern philosophy of language and jurisprudence. It is shown that the distinction between a contextual definition and a genus–differentia definition proposed by some legal philosophers, where the latter is considered ineffective and unproductive in analyzing legal concepts, is sometimes deceptive. The weaknesses of the argument about this distinction are shown by examining the constitutional legal rules, which can be considered an example of the application of contextual definitions in legal science. On the basis of this claim, it is shown that these two types of definition may well coexist at least in legal language and in some sense complement each other when different areas of their applicability are taken into account.
The Role of Visuals in the Communication Process
Authors: Khorin Alexander , Voronova Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

Information flows, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern society and its cultural environment, penetrate into all spheres of an individual’s life thanks to digital technologies. As a result, social processes experience drastic changes in the ways and forms of cognition and transformation of the surrounding reality, as well as in the processes of formation and representation of the individual in society. As a result of the development of digital information technologies, significant changes have occurred in the living space and the perception of time by a person of the 21st century. The Internet has formed its own unique information space, with its own special social and technological characteristics. A virtual network is a space for global communication and high-speed data dissemination, as well as an environment for people’s interaction that is not limited by the barriers of traditional mass media. All this has created a new type of culture – the culture of virtual reality, since our reality consists mainly of everyday virtual experiences.
First principles calculation of optical absorption and polarization properties of In doped h-LuFeO3
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ya , Song Jia-Xun , Wang Xin-Hao , Wang Jin-Bin , Zhong Xiang-Li ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
Published: January 2021

The h-LuFeO3 is a kind of narrow band gap hexagonal ferrite material, with a good application prospect in the field of ferroelectric photovoltaic. However, the low polarization intensity of h-LuFeO3 makes the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes large, which is not conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of h-LuFeO3-based ferroelectric photovoltaic cells. In order to improve the ferroelectricity and optical absorption properties of h-LuFeO3, the first principles method is used to calculate the doping formation energy values of In atom at different positions of h-LuFeO3, and the most stable doping position is determined. The comparisons of band gap, optical absorption performance and polarization intensity among h-Lu1-xInxFeO3 (x = 0, 0.167, 0.333, 0.667) are made. With the increase of In doping, the cells of h-Lu1–xInxFeO3 stretch along the c-axis. The ratio of the lattice constant c/a increases from 1.94 at x = 0 to 2.04 at x = 0.667 when all the positions of In replace P1 position. Using the qualitative calculation of Berne effective charge, the results show that the ferroelectric polarization intensity of h-LuFeO3, h-Lu0.833In0.167FeO3, h-Lu0.667In0.333FeO3 and h-Lu0.333In0.667FeO3 along the c-axis are 3.93, 5.91, 7.92, and 11.02 μC·cm–2, respectively. Therefore, with the increase of the number of In atoms replacing Lu atoms, the lattice constant c/a ratio of h-Lu1–xInxFeO3 increases, which can improve the ferroelectric polarization strength of the material. By analyzing the density of states of h-LuFeO3 and h-Lu0.333In0.667FeO3, we can see that In doping enhances the Fe-O orbital hybridization in h-Lu0.333In0.667FeO3, and makes the optical absorption coefficient of h-Lu0.333In0.667FeO3 in the solar light range larger. In summary, In doped h-LuFeO3 is an effective method to improve its polarization intensity and optical absorption coefficient, which is of great significance for improving the performance of ferroelectric photovoltaic.
Optimal design and experimental research of several-gigawatt multiple electron beam diode
Authors: Liu Zhen-Bang , Jin Xiao , Huang Hua , Wang Teng-Fang , Li Shi-Feng ,   Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory, Institute of Applied Electronics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
Published: January 2021

The relativistic klystron amplifier (RKA) is one of the most efficient sources to amplify a high-power microwave signal due to its intrinsic merit of high-power conversion efficiency, high gain and stable operating frequency. However, the transverse dimensions of the RKA dramatically decrease when the operating frequency increases to X band, and the power capacity of the RKA is limited by the transverse dimensions. An X-band multiple-beam relativistic klystron amplifier is proposed to overcome the radiation power limitation. Each electron beam propagates in separate drift tubes and shares the same coaxial interaction cavities in the multiple-beam relativistic klystron amplifier, and the transverse dimensions of the multiple-beam relativistic klystron amplifier are free from the operating frequency restriction and a microwave power of over 1 GW is generated in the experiment. For a high-power electron device, the transmission of electron beam is critical, and the power conversion efficiency of the device is affected. In this paper, we conduct an investigation into the transmission process of the intense relativistic multiple electron beams, and the number of the multiple electron beams is set to be 16. It is found that when the multiple electron beam is transmitted in the device, the electron beam rotates around the center of the whole device, causing the electron beam to deviate from the drift tube channel. At the same time, each electron beam rotates around itself, and the cross section of the electron beam is deformed and expanded. In the improper design of electron beam and drift tube parameters, two kinds of rotating motions cause beam to lose. A multiple-electron-beam diode structure is optimized by the particle-in-cell simulation to reduce beam loss, with the effects of the related factors taken into account. Each pole of the cathodes is made up of graphite and stainless steel. The cathode head is made up of graphite, for the graphite has a lower emission threshold. The cathode base and cathode pole are made up of stainless steel, for the stainless steel has a higher emission threshold. Also the shape and structure of cathode pole, cathode head and anode are optimized to reduce the electric field intensity on the cathode pole and enhance the electric field intensity on the end face of cathode head. At the same time, the electric field distribution of the cathode head is uniform to improve the electron beam emission uniformity. The simulation results demonstrate that the transmission efficiency of multiple electron beams can reach 99%. In the experiment, the transmission efficiency of multiple electron beams is 92% with a beam voltage and beam current of 801 kV and 9.3 kA, respectively.
Camptochaete monolina sp. nov. and Camptochaete subporotrichoides (Bryophyta: Lembophyllaceae) from the Australian Wet Tropics
Authors: Meagher David , Cairns Andi , Tangney Ray
Published: January 2021

Camptochaete monolina sp. nov. is described from three collections in the Australian Wet Tropics bioregion. Camptochaete subporotrichoides (Broth. & Geh.) Broth. (Bryophyta: Lembophyllaceae), previously known from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands and Fiji, is reported as new to Australia from several collections in the same bioregion.
Cololejeunea reniformis, a new species from the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia (Lejeuneaceae: Marchantiophyta).
Authors: Renner Matthew AM
Published: January 2021

Cololejeunea reniformis is described as new based on a single collection from Tully Falls National Park in north-east Queensland. Cololejeunea reniformis is similar to C. cairnsiana in the size and the falcate leaf lobes and ampulliform lobules, features which are distinctive among Australian species, and was initially thought to be that species. While C. cairnsiana is an epiphyll, the single known gathering of C. reniformis was found on bark, and the two species differ in a number of micromorphological characters, including details of the vitta, which contain 6-9 cells in a single row in C. cairnsiana and 12-20 cells in 2 or 3 rows in C. reniformis. Cololejeunea reniformis shares many micromorphological features with the south-east Asian C. ensifera, but differs in its smaller size and falcate leaf lobes, in addition to other characters. Thirty-nine Cololejeunea species are now known for Australia.
Dimensions of international entrepreneurship: an analysis of texts in a business magazine
Authors: Castro Álvaro Leonel de Oliveira , Pereira Michele Morais Oliveira , Silva Francielih Dorneles , Andrade Daniela Meirelles
Published: January 2021

This study analyzed texts on international entrepreneurship published in the Exame magazine from the perspective of Leite and Moraes' framework (2014). We used the technique of content analysis in 78 texts. The categories were a tendency to adapt; relationship networks; international opportunities; ability to innovate; attitude towards risk; development of competitive resources. All the model categories were approached in the analyzed articles, indicating that the dimensions proposed are part of the international entrepreneurship phenomenon and that the business professionals who read the magazine are being informed about this content. From the managerial and social aspects, this work showed that the Exame Magazine has informed about global business to business professionals, through the cases in their reports. It demonstrates that it can be an important means of the initial information for them, since, from those experiences, it presents the complexity and main characteristics of international entrepreneurship found in the scientific literature.
Cluster Life Cycle: A Study in the Vale dos Sinos Footwear Cluster
Authors: Schmidt Vitor , Zen Aurora Carneiro , Bittencourt Bruno Anicet , Machado Raquel Engelman
Published: January 2021

This research aims at analyzing the relation between the flow of knowledge, lock-in and stage of the lifecycle of a cluster. For that, the Footwear Cluster of Vale dos Sinos-Paranhana in Rio Grande do Sul was chosen as a study object. The results point out that the cluster is little collaborative and little innovative. The cluster is still recognized as a great footwear producer, but the own identity of the people with the cluster is being lost. The local culture does not promote the diffusion of knowledge, since the companies are closed. This research contributes with the comprehension of how the clusters develop, for this purpose, the flow of knowledge will have a central role in the renewal of the cluster. As a practical implication, the awareness of the difficulties and the necessary mechanisms to renovate a cluster are important so that it is possible to work on sectoral policies and of cluster. As theoretical contribution, the study reinforces that the lack of new knowledge influences the imprisonment, resulting from its dependent trajectory, leading it to the decline.
Adelomelon beckii
, The Giant Predator Snail: Reproductive organs
Authors: Arrighetti Florencia
Published: January 2021

Adelomelon beckii
is a dioecious species with internal fertilization. The ovary and the testis are formed by multiple tubules containing the gametogenic cells. The females have an albumen gland and capsule gland, both responsible for the formation of the egg capsules.
Haliclona
: Integument
Authors: Zerarguia Islem , Stillitani Daniele , dos Santos Borges Felipe , Moraes Fernando , Vieira Ricardo P. , Costa Manoel L. , Coutinho Cristiano C.
Published: January 2021

Sponge integuments have primitive characteristics. Epithelial cells at the outer most cell layer covering the body have junctional‐like complexes and collagen fibers underlying the epithelial layer, suggesting homology with bilaterian epithelia. The subdermal layer (subectosome) under the outermost epithelium (exopinacoderm) has water canals and lacunae. The subectosome has delicate connection between the ectosome and the choanosome. Porocytes are modified exopinacocytes for water to enter the subdermal canals and lacunae. The osculum is the exhalant opening at the exopinacoderms with connection to endopinacoderm. Isolated epithelial cells bearing stereocilia were reported lining the osculum.
5G
Cellular Internet of Things
Authors: Christian Herrero‐Veron , Shu Lin
Published: January 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects the things in the World to the Internet. What are the implications of connecting them by means of cellular (also known as mobile) networks? This answer is Cellular IoT (CIoT), which expands the power of Internet beyond computers and smartphones to virtually everything around us. CIoT can benefit anything that can send, gather information, or both from sensors and utility meters to asset trackers and wearables for consumer, medical and health applications.
5G
Applications
Authors: Pattan Basavaraj Jayawant , Gupta Nishant
Published: January 2021

With the initial set of application integration standards, 3GPP TSG SA WG6 is pushing the boundaries of mobile telecommunications standardization beyond the traditional system and radio standards.

SA6 has established a good momentum on applications to support new business sectors (referred to in 3GPP as “verticals”). SA6 has developed core application architecture enablers including CAPIF (Common API Framework for northbound APIs), SEAL (Service enabler architecture layer for verticals), and Edge features. At the same time, SA6 has initiated work on vertical‐specific enablers such as Mission Critical, V2X (for automotive application enablers), UAS (for unmanned aerial vehicles), 5GMARCH (Message Service for MIoT over 5G System), and Factories of the Future (for industrial automation.)

This article explains 3GPP's application domain standardization activities, achievements, and progress on 5G applications in mobile systems, i.e. in Evolved Packet System (EPS) and 5G System (5GS) by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Adults' ability to particularise an occurrence of a repeated event
Authors: Deck Sarah L. , Paterson Helen M.
Published: January 2021

Domestic violence typically recurs over time, involving the same victim and perpetrator. When complainants make an allegation about abuse, they are required to particularise the offence and recall details unique to specific occurrences. This experiment investigated adults' ability to particularise an occurrence after experiencing a single or repeated event. Participants watched one or multiple videos of domestic violence and were interviewed about the last or only video they had observed. For repeated‐event participants, some details were present in all videos (fixed), whereas others differed predictably (variable). Repeated‐event participants recalled a significantly lower proportion of correct details about the target video relative to single event participants, although they reported similar proportions of correct experienced details. Repeated‐event participants also reported a significantly higher proportion of correct fixed, relative to correct variable details about the target video. These findings indicate that adults are likely to have difficulty fulfilling the particularisation requirement.
Demons with guns: How belief in pure evil relates to Attributional judgments for gun violence perpetrators
Authors: Webster Russell J. , Vasturia Dominic , Saucier Donald A.
Published: January 2021

People who report greater belief in pure evil (BPE; the tendency to attribute harmdoing to dispositionally sadistic perpetrators) generally punish criminal perpetrators more regardless of mitigating circumstances (e.g., having a brain tumor). What attributional/cognitive processes underlie such punishment? A national sample (final N = 302) read an alleged USA Today article about a mall shooting. We manipulated whether the shooter exhibited a brain tumor and whether the shooter exhibited stereotypically evil traits. Regardless of experimental conditions, individuals who reported greater BPE perceived the shooter's behavior as more internal, intentional, controllable, and blameworthy. These attributional judgments also helped mediate the relationship between BPE and punishment. Ancillary measures demonstrated other potential cognitive biases (overprecision and confirmation bias) in processing information about the shooter/shooting. In sum, people who report greater BPE held the shooter more liable for his actions despite mitigating evidence, and such attributions helped explain the link between BPE and punishment.
Algorithmic labeling in hierarchical classifications of publications: Evaluation of bibliographic fields and term weighting approaches
Authors: Sjögårde Peter , Ahlgren Per , Waltman Ludo
Published: January 2021

Algorithmic classifications of research publications can be used to study many different aspects of the science system, such as the organization of science into fields, the growth of fields, interdisciplinarity, and emerging topics. How to label the classes in these classifications is a problem that has not been thoroughly addressed in the literature. In this study, we evaluate different approaches to label the classes in algorithmically constructed classifications of research publications. We focus on two important choices: the choice of (a) different bibliographic fields and (b) different approaches to weight the relevance of terms. To evaluate the different choices, we created two baselines: one based on the Medical Subject Headings in MEDLINE and another based on the Science‐Metrix journal classification. We tested to what extent different approaches yield the desired labels for the classes in the two baselines. Based on our results, we recommend extracting terms from titles and keywords to label classes at high levels of granularity (e.g., topics). At low levels of granularity (e.g., disciplines) we recommend extracting terms from journal names and author addresses. We recommend the use of a new approach, term frequency to specificity ratio, to calculate the relevance of terms.
How is science clicked on Twitter? Click metrics for Bitly short links to scientific publications
Authors: Fang Zhichao , Costas Rodrigo , Tian Wencan , Wang Xianwen , Wouters Paul
Published: January 2021

To provide some context for the potential engagement behavior of Twitter users around science, this article investigates how Bitly short links to scientific publications embedded in scholarly Twitter mentions are clicked on Twitter. Based on the click metrics of over 1.1 million Bitly short links referring to Web of Science (WoS) publications, our results show that around 49.5% of them were not clicked by Twitter users. For those Bitly short links with clicks from Twitter, the majority of their Twitter clicks accumulated within a short period of time after they were first tweeted. Bitly short links to the publications in the field of Social Sciences and Humanities tend to attract more clicks from Twitter over other subject fields. This article also assesses the extent to which Twitter clicks are correlated with some other impact indicators. Twitter clicks are weakly correlated with scholarly impact indicators (WoS citations and Mendeley readers), but moderately correlated to other Twitter engagement indicators (total retweets and total likes). In light of these results, we highlight the importance of paying more attention to the click metrics of URLs in scholarly Twitter mentions, to improve our understanding about the more effective dissemination and reception of science information on Twitter.
Impact of Decipher on use of post‐operative radiotherapy: Individual patient analysis of two prospective registries
Authors: Shahait Mohammed , Liu Vinnie Y. T. , Vapiwala Neha , Lal Priti , Kim Jessica , Trabulsi Eduard J. , Huang Huei‐Chung , Davicioni Elai , Thompson Darby J. S. , Spratt Daniel , Den Robert B. , Lee David I.
Published: January 2021

Objective

To assess the association between Genomic Classifier (GC)‐risk group and post‐radical prostatectomy treatment in clinical practice.

Methods

Two prospective observational cohorts of men with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent RP in two referral centers and had GC testing post‐prostatectomy between 2013 and 2018 were included. The primary endpoint of the study was to assess the association between GC‐risk group and time to secondary therapy. Univariable (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to assess the association between GC‐risk group and time to receipt of secondary therapy after RP, where secondary therapy is defined as receiving either RT or ADT after RP.

Results

A total of 398 patients are included in the analysis. Patients with high‐GC risk were more likely to receive any secondary therapy (OR: 6.84) compared to patients with low/intermediate‐GC risk. The proportion of high‐GC risk patients receiving RT at 2 years post‐RP was 31.5%, compared to only 6.3% among the low/intermediate‐GC risk patients.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that physicians in routine practice used GC to identify high risk patients who might benefit the most from secondary treatment. As such, GC score was independent predictor of receipt of secondary treatment.
Targeting YAP‐p62 signaling axis suppresses the EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Park Hee Sun , Lee Da‐Hye , Kang Da Hyun , Yeo Min‐Kyung , Bae Goeun , Lee Dahye , Yoo Geon , Kim Ju‐Ock , Moon Eunyoung , Huh Yang Hoon , Lee Sang‐Hee , Jo Eun‐Kyeong , Cho Sang Yeon , Lee Jeong Eun , Chung Chaeuk
Published: January 2021

Background

Despite the progress of advanced target therapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, EGFR‐TKI resistance is still one of the biggest obstacles in treating lung cancer. Clinical studies with autophagy inhibitors are actively underway to overcome drug resistance.

Methods

We used PC9, PC9/GR, and HCC827/GR cell lines to evaluate the activation of autophagy and EGFR‐TKI resistance. Chloroquine was applied as an autophagic blocker and verteporfin was utilized as a YAP inhibitor.

Results

In this study, we tried to reveal the effect of autophagy adaptor p62 which is accumulated by autophagy inhibitor in EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma. We identified that p62 has oncogenic functions that induce cell proliferation and invasion of EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, we found for the first time that YAP regulates p62 transcription through ERK, and YAP inhibition can suppress the expression of oncogenic p62. We also confirmed that the expressions of p62 and YAP have a positive correlation in EGFR‐mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients. To block cell survival via perturbing YAP‐p62 axis, we treated EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung cancer cells with YAP inhibitor verteporfin. Remarkably, verteporfin effectively caused the death of EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung cancer cells by decreasing the expressions of p62 with oncogenic function, YAP, and its target PD‐L1. So, the cumulative effect of oncogenic p62 should be considered when using autophagy inhibitors, especially drugs that act at the last stage of autophagy such as chloroquine and bafilomycin A1.

Conclusion

Finally, we suggest that targeting YAP‐p62 signaling axis can be useful to suppress the EGFR‐TKI‐resistant lung cancer. Therefore, drug repurposing of verteporfin for lung cancer treatment may be valuable to consider because it can inhibit critical targets: p62, YAP, and PD‐L1 at the same time.
Overlapping holoprosencephaly‐polydactyl syndrome and asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, an incidental finding in late prenatal ultrasound: A rare case report
Authors: Sereke Senai Goitom , Oriekot Anthony , Bongomin Felix
Published: January 2021

Holoprosencephaly‐polydactyly syndrome and asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy rarely overlap but if they do, they have poorer prognosis. Early prenatal detection of multiple congenital anomalies plays a crucial role in the management of pregnancy.
Avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity: A surgical dilemma
Authors: Vasiliadis Angelo V. , Tsioulas Paschalis , Alvanos Dimitrios , Mpeletsiotis Anastasios
Published: January 2021

The clinician should make the treatment choice considering the patient's requirements. Thus, surgical treatment can successfully achieve long‐lasting satisfactory results and provide the best chance for a rapid return to sports.
A Riemann‐Hilbert Approach to the Lower Tail of the Kardar‐Parisi‐Zhang Equation
Authors: Cafasso Mattia , Claeys Tom
Published: January 2021

Fredholm determinants associated to deformations of the Airy kernel are closely connected to the solution to the Kardar‐Parisi‐Zhang (KPZ) equation with narrow wedge initial data, and they also appear as largest particle distributions in models of positive‐temperature free fermions.

We show that logarithmic derivatives of the Fredholm determinants can be expressed in terms of a 2 × 2 Riemann‐Hilbert problem, and we use this to derive asymptotics for the Fredholm determinants. As an application of our result, we derive precise lower tail asymptotics for the solution of the KPZ equation with narrow wedge initial data, refining recent results by Corwin and Ghosal. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Light‐ and Chemical‐Stimuli‐Induced Isomerization of Donor−Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts
Authors: Chen Tian‐Yang , Cai You‐De , Jiang Shi‐Qing , Cai Wei , Tong Ming‐Liang , Bao Xin
Published: January 2021

Donor−acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are a new class of negative photochromic molecules capable of linear‐to‐cyclic isomerization. We report three new DASAs that are responsive not only to visible‐light irradiation, but also to chemical stimuli including acidity and metal ions. The pendant pyridine group in the donor moiety has been found to play an important role in determining the isomerization process and tuning the relative stability of the isomers. Successful isolation of a new double cyclized isomer requires the pyridine nitrogen atom to be in a suitable position where it is able to form a stable six‐membered C4N2 ring. The marked change of color associated with the isomerization has been applied for the visual detection of primary amine vapors and Cu2+ ions.
Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 restores mitochondrial function via integrin‐medicated activation of the FAK‐STAT3 signaling pathway in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ren Yifan , Liu Wuming , zhang Lin , Zhang Jia , Bi Jianbin , Wang Tao , Wang Mengzhou , Du Zhaoqing , Wang Yawen , zhang Lin , Wu Zheng , Lv Yi , Meng Lingzhong , Wu Rongqian
Published: January 2021

Acute pancreatitis (AP) remains a significant clinical challenge. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AP. Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG‐E8) is an opsonizing protein, which has many biological functions via binding to αvβ3/5 integrins. Ligand‐dependent integrin‐FAK activation of STAT3 was reported to be of great importance for maintaining a normal mitochondrial function. However, MFG‐E8's role in AP has not been evaluated.

Methods

Blood samples were acquired from 69 healthy controls and 134 AP patients. Serum MFG‐E8 levels were measured by ELISA. The relationship between serum concentrations of MFG‐E8 and disease severity were analyzed. The role of MFG‐E8 was evaluated in experimental models of AP.

Results

Serum concentrations of MFG‐E8 were lower in AP patients than healthy controls. And serum MFG‐E8 concentrations were negatively correlated with disease severity in AP patients. In mice, MFG‐E8 administration decreased L‐arginine‐induced pancreatic injury and mortality. MFG‐E8's protective effects in experimental AP were associated with improvement in mitochondrial function and reduction in oxidative stress. MFG‐E8 knockout mice suffered more severe pancreatic injury and greater mitochondrial damage after l‐arginine administration. Mechanistically, MFG‐E8 activated the FAK‐STAT3 pathway in AP mice. Cilengitide, a specific αvβ3/5 integrin inhibitor, abolished MFG‐E8's beneficial effects in AP. PF00562271, a specific FAK inhibitor, blocked MFG‐E8‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation. APTSTAT3‐9R, a specific STAT3 antagonist, also eliminated MFG‐E8's beneficial effects under such a condition.

Conclusions

MFG‐E8 acts as an endogenous protective mediator in the pathogenesis of AP. MFG‐E8 administration protects against AP possibly by restoring mitochondrial function via activation of the integrin‐FAK‐STAT3 signaling pathway. Targeting the action of MFG‐E8 may present a potential therapeutic option for AP.
Ursodesoxycholic acid alleviates liver fibrosis via proregeneration by activation of the ID1‐WNT2/HGF signaling pathway
Authors: Dong Xi , Luo Yun , Lu Shan , Ma Han , Zhang Wenchao , Zhu Yue , Sun Guibo , Sun Xiaobo
Published: January 2021

Background

The human liver possesses a remarkable capacity for self‐repair. However, liver fibrosis remains a serious medical concern, potentially progressing to end‐stage liver cirrhosis and even death. Liver fibrosis is characterized by excess accumulation of extracellular matrix in response to chronic injury. Liver regenerative ability, a strong indicator of liver health, is important in resisting fibrosis. In this study, we provide evidence that ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) can alleviate liver fibrosis by promoting liver regeneration via activation of the ID1‐WNT2/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) pathway.

Methods

Bile duct ligation (BDL) and partial hepatectomy (PH) mouse models were used to verify the effects of UDCA on liver fibrosis, regeneration, and the ID1‐WNT2/HGF pathway. An Id1 knockdown mouse model was also used to assess the role of Id1 in UDCA alleviation of liver fibrosis.

Results

Our results demonstrate that UDCA can alleviate liver fibrosis in the BDL mice and promote liver regeneration via the ID1‐WNT2/HGF pathway in PH mice. In addition, Id1 knockdown abolished the protection afforded by UDCA in BDL mice.

Conclusions

We conclude that UDCA protects against liver fibrosis by proregeneration via activation of the ID1‐WNT2/HGF pathway.
Deep learning based digital cell profiles for risk stratification of urine cytology images
Authors: Awan Ruqayya , Benes Ksenija , Azam Ayesha , Song Tzu‐Hsi , Shaban Muhammad , Verrill Clare , Tsang Yee Wah , Snead David , Minhas Fayyaz , Rajpoot Nasir
Published: January 2021

Urine cytology is a test for the detection of high‐grade bladder cancer. In clinical practice, the pathologist would manually scan the sample under the microscope to locate atypical and malignant cells. They would assess the morphology of these cells to make a diagnosis. Accurate identification of atypical and malignant cells in urine cytology is a challenging task and is an essential part of identifying different diagnosis with low‐risk and high‐risk malignancy. Computer‐assisted identification of malignancy in urine cytology can be complementary to the clinicians for treatment management and in providing advice for carrying out further tests. In this study, we presented a method for identifying atypical and malignant cells followed by their profiling to predict the risk of diagnosis automatically. For cell detection and classification, we employed two different deep learning‐based approaches. Based on the best performing network predictions at the cell level, we identified low‐risk and high‐risk cases using the count of atypical cells and the total count of atypical and malignant cells. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that a total count of atypical and malignant cells is comparably better at diagnosis as compared to the count of malignant cells only. We obtained area under the ROC curve with the count of malignant cells and the total count of atypical and malignant cells as 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. Our experiments also demonstrate that the digital risk could be a better predictor of the final histopathology‐based diagnosis. We also analyzed the variability in annotations at both cell and whole slide image level and also explored the possible inherent rationales behind this variability.
Combined Etanercept, GAD‐alum and vitamin D treatment: an open pilot trial to preserve beta cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ludvigsson Johnny , Routray Indusmita , Vigård Tore , Hanås Ragnar , Rathsman Björn , Carlsson Annelie , Särnblad Stefan , Albin Anna‐Karin , Arvidsson Carl‐Göran , Samuelsson Ulf , Casas Rosaura
Published: January 2021

Aim

We aimed to study the feasibility and tolerability of a combination therapy consisting of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD‐alum), Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and evaluate preservation of beta cell function.

Material and Methods

Etanercept Diamyd Combination Regimen is an open‐labelled multi‐centre study pilot trial which enrolled 20 GAD antibodies positive T1D patients (7 girls and 13 boys), aged (mean ±SD): 12.4 ± 2.3 (8.3–16.1) years, with a diabetes duration of 81.4 ± 22.1 days. Baseline fasting C‐peptide was 0.24 ± 0.1 (0.10–0.35) nmol/l. The patients received Day 1‐450 Vitamin D (Calciferol) 2000 U/d per os, Etanercept sc Day 1‐90 0.8 mg/kg once a week and GAD‐alum sc injections (20 μg, Diamyd™) Day 30 and 60. They were followed for 30 months.

Results

No treatment related serious adverse events were observed. After 6 months 90‐min stimulated C‐peptide had improved in 8/20 patients and C‐peptide area under the curve (AUC) after Mixed Meal Tolerance Test in 5 patients, but declined thereafter, while HbA1c and insulin requirement remained close to baseline. Administration of Etanercept did not reduce tumour necrosis factor (TNF) spontaneous secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but rather GAD65‐induced TNF‐α increased. Spontaneous interleukin‐17a secretion increased after the administration of Etanercept, and GAD65‐induced cytokines and chemokines were also enhanced following 1 month of Etanercept administration.

Conclusions

Combination therapy with parallel treatment with GAD‐alum, Etanercept and vitamin D in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes was feasible and tolerable but had no beneficial effects on the autoimmune process or beta cell function.
Modeling and numerical simulation of an industrial scale metal hydride reactor based on CFD‐Taguchi combined method
Authors: Mallik Aashish , Sharma Pratibha
Published: January 2021

This study proposes a cylindrical reactor design embedded with bifurcating longitudinal finned cooling tubes as the heat exchanger for an industrial‐scale metal hydride reactor system. We use Taguchi method as an optimization technique for the design parameters. The model performance was simulated with an objective of attaining the least time of absorption. The optimization involved seven control factors in an array of L 18 (2136). We observed that the number of cooling tubes, the fin length, and the number of fins are the most critical parameters for optimizing absorption time. A three‐dimensional numerical model has been developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a to predict the optimized design's hydriding performance. The absorption characteristics were studied based on the variation of pressure and heat transfer fluid temperature. At a supply pressure of 20 bars and a cooling fluid temperature of 20°C in a 50 kg system with 8 bifurcating finned cooling tubes, a hydrogen storage capacity of 1.21 wt% was achieved in 700 seconds. This paper highlights an optimized design's efficiency and operating parameter's influence to garner the best performance for rapid hydrogen charging.
Low‐complexity receivers for massive MIMO‐GFDM communications
Authors: Wang Hsuan‐Fu , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Shen Ye‐Shun , Lin Kai‐Xiang
Published: January 2021

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)‐based modulation scheme is widely utilized in asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL), wireless local area networks (WLAN), and the fourth generation (4G) of mobile communication systems due to its ability to cope with severe channel conditions without complex equalization processes. However, the drawbacks of OFDM such as: requirement of a high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, sensitive to carrier frequency offset, high out‐of‐band (OOB) emissions cause the OFDM is not applicable for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication application scenarios such as machine‐type communications (MTC), Internet of things (IoT), and cognitive radio (CR). Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) modulation scheme has regarded as one of the promising candidates for 5G waveforms due to its properties, such as low latency, low OOB emission, robust against carrier frequency offset (CFO), and time offset (TO). The GFDM is also combined with massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) technology that equipping each base station (BS) with an array of many active antennas, which are used to spatially multiplex many user equipment (UE) to improve spectrum efficiency (SE). However, as the modulation order and the number of antennas increases, the complexity of the maximum likelihood (ML) detector and the minimum‐mean‐square‐error (MMSE) detector causes an impediment for real‐world applications. This paper proposes a low‐complexity detector configuration which utilizes quadratic programming principle. The simulations show that the computation complexity of the proposed detector is lower than the ML detector and the bit‐error‐rate performance of the proposed detector is better than that of the MMSE detector.