bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HIDING AND CONFINING CHARGES VIA "TUBE-LIKE" WORMHOLES
Authors: GUENDELMAN EDUARDO , KAGANOVICH ALEXANDER , NISSIMOV EMIL , PACHEVA SVETLANA
Published: November 2011

We describe two interesting effects in wormhole physics. First, we find that a genuinely charged matter source of gravity and electromagnetism may appear electrically neutral to an external observer — a phenomenon opposite to the famous Misner–Wheeler "charge without charge" effect. We show that this phenomenon takes place when coupling a bulk gravity/nonlinear-gauge-field system self-consistently to a codimension-one charged lightlike brane as a matter source. The "charge-hiding" effect occurs in a self-consistent wormhole solution of the above coupled gravity/nonlinear-gauge-field/lightlike-brane system which connects a noncompact "universe," comprising the exterior region of Schwarzschild–(anti-)de Sitter (or purely Schwarzschild) black hole beyond the internal (Schwarzschild) horizon, to a Levi-Civita–Bertotti–Robinson-type ("tube-like") "universe" with two compactified dimensions via a wormhole "throat" occupied by the charged lightlike brane. In this solution the whole electric flux produced by the charged lightlike brane is expelled into the compactified Levi-Civita–Bertotti–Robinson-type "universe" and, consequently, the brane is detected as neutral by an observer in the Schwarzschild–(anti-)de Sitter "universe." Next, the above "charge-hiding" solution can be further generalized to a truly charge-confining wormhole solution when we couple the bulk gravity/nonlinear-gauge-field system self-consistently to two separate codimension-one charged lightlike branes with equal in magnitude but opposite charges. The latter system possesses a "two-throat" wormhole solution, where the "left-most" and the "right-most" "universes" are two identical copies of the exterior region of the neutral Schwarzschild–de Sitter black hole beyond the Schwarzschild horizon, whereas the "middle" "universe" is of generalized Levi-Civita–Bertotti–Robinson "tube-like" form with geometry dS2 ×S2 (dS2 being the two-dimensional de Sitter space). It comprises the finite-extent intermediate region of dS2 between its two horizons. Both "throats" are occupied by the two oppositely charged lightlike branes and the whole electric flux produced by the latter is confined entirely within the middle finite-extent "tube-like" "universe." A crucial ingredient is the special form of the nonlinear gauge field action, which contains both the standard Maxwell term as well as a square root of the latter. This theory was previously shown to produce a QCD-like confining dynamics in flat space–time.
HEAVY DIBARYONS
Authors: GERASYUTA S. M. , MATSKEVICH E. E.
Published: October 2011

The relativistic six-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The approximate solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the heavy hexaquark amplitudes are obtained. The relativistic six-quark amplitudes of dibaryons including the light quarks u, d and heavy quarks c, b are calculated. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of charmed and bottom dibaryons with the isospins [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text].
DIFFUSE FIBROLIPOMATOUS HAMARTOMA OF PERONEAL NERVE IN THE LEG, ANKLE AND FOOT: AN UNCOMMON CASE REPORT
Authors: Sureka Jyoti , Panwar Sanuj , Ahmed Munawwar
Published: October 2011

Fibrolipomatous hamartomas of nerve are rare slowly growing fibrofatty masses of peripheral nerves which surround and infiltrate the major nerves and their branches. It may cause symptoms of compression neuropathy. It most commonly affects the median nerve and very rarely involves the lower extremity. Here, we present a very uncommon case of an extensive fibrolipomatous hamartoma at an unusual location in the leg and foot of a young man arising from common peroneal nerve, extending inferiorly along the superficial peroneal nerve in the lateral aspect of leg and foot. We discuss the characteristic radiologic appearance of this entity that is often pathognomonic and allows a confident diagnosis, thus avoiding the need for biopsy.
THE JACQUET–LANGLANDS CORRESPONDENCE AND THE ARITHMETIC RIEMANN–ROCH THEOREM FOR POINTED CURVES
Authors: FREIXAS I MONTPLET GERARD
Published: October 2011

We show how the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence and the arithmetic Riemann–Roch theorem for pointed curves, relate the arithmetic self-intersection numbers of the sheaves of modular forms — with their Petersson norms — on modular and Shimura curves: these are equal modulo ∑l∈Sℚ log l, where S is a controlled set of primes. These quantities were previously considered by Bost and Kühn (modular curve case) and Kudla–Rapoport–Yang and Maillot–Roessler (Shimura curve case). By the work of Maillot and Roessler, our result settles a question raised by Soulé.
A 2-DIMENSIONAL ALGORITHM RELATED TO THE FAREY–BROCOT SEQUENCE
Authors: SCHWEIGER F.
Published: October 2011

Moshchevitin and Vielhaber gave an interesting generalization of the Farey–Brocot sequence for dimension d ≥ 2 (see [N. Moshchevitin and M. Vielhaber, Moments for generalized Farey–Brocot partitions, Funct. Approx. Comment. Math.38 (2008), part 2, 131–157]). For dimension d = 2 they investigate two special cases called algorithm [Formula: see text] and algorithm [Formula: see text]. Algorithm [Formula: see text] is related to a proposal of Mönkemeyer and to Selmer algorithm (see [G. Panti, Multidimensional continued fractions and a Minkowski function, Monatsh. Math.154 (2008) 247–264]). However, algorithm [Formula: see text] seems to be related to a new type of 2-dimensional continued fractions. The content of this paper is first to describe such an algorithm and to give some of its ergodic properties. In the second part the dual algorithm is considered which behaves similar to the Parry–Daniels map.
Lateglacial ice extent and deglaciation of Loch Hourn, western Scotland
Authors: McIntyre Kate , Howe John , Bradwell Tom
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

Loch Hourn is a 21 km-long fjord on the west coast of Scotland. A multibeam survey of the outer Loch Hourn basin extending into the adjacent Sound of Sleat reveals a series of moraines beyond the fjord mouth relating to the Scottish ice cap during the Lateglacial period (
c
. 15–11 cal ka BP). The outermost moraine is located in the Sound of Sleat, 3.5 km beyond the currently accepted limit of Younger Dryas Stadial glaciation in the loch. Sediment cores from the main outer basin of the fjord sample four lithological units: a coarse-grained basal sand, interpreted as an ice-proximal deposit; finely laminated silts containing occasional clasts, interpreted as a distal glaciomarine unit deposited through pelagic settling from glacial meltwater and turbidity current activity; a poorly sorted mixture of muddy sands containing convolute bedding and flame structures, interpreted as slumped glacigenic material; and poorly sorted, bioturbated marine muds with mollusc shells (
Arctica islandica
) which yielded a basal radiocarbon date of 11.2 cal ka BP, indicating that open-marine conditions typical of the Holocene were established in the fjord by this time.
Transactions and neglected data
Authors: Braithwaite Colin J. R.
Published: November 2011

Synopsis

The Transactions of the Geological Societies of Edinburgh and Glasgow will shortly join the Scottish Journal of Geology as part of the Lyell Collection published electronically by the Geological Society of London. The availability online of papers from the early 19th century to the birth of the Scottish Journal of Geology in 1964 offers scholars access to materials not readily available elsewhere. These include historical papers tracing the development of many important geological ideas in Scotland, early discussions of the philosophy of geology, and descriptions of the geology and stratigraphy of areas, palaeontological faunas and floras, igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and minerals. Many of these remain important compilations of data but of special importance are those referring to localities now overgrown or covered by development, or samples (particularly fossils) that have since been lost. The online publication will be fully searchable and will provide easy access to these valuable works.
The Na+-K+-ATPase as self-adhesion molecule and hormone receptor
Authors: Cereijido M. , Contreras R. G. , Shoshani L. , Larre I.
Published: November 2011

Thanks to the homeostasis of the internal milieu, metazoan cells can enormously simplify their housekeeping efforts and engage instead in differentiation and multiple forms of organization (tissues, organs, systems) that enable them to produce an astonishing diversity of mammals. The stability of the internal milieu despite drastic variations of the external environment (air, fresh or seawater, gastrointestinal fluids, glomerular filtrate, bile) is due to transporting epithelia that can adjust their specific permeability to H2O, H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl− over several orders of magnitude and exchange substances with the outer milieu with exquisite precision. This exchange is due to the polarized expression of membrane proteins, among them Na+-K+-ATPase, an oligomeric enzyme that uses chemical energy from ATP molecules to translocate ions across the plasma membrane of epithelial cells. Na+-K+-ATPase presents two types of asymmetries: the arrangement of its subunits, and its expression in one pole of the epithelial cell (“polarity”). In most epithelia, polarity consists of the expression of Na+-K+-ATPase towards the intercellular space and arises in part from the interaction of the extracellular segment of the β-subunit with another β-subunit present in a Na+-K+-ATPase molecule expressed by a neighboring cell. In addition to enabling the Na+-K+-ATPase to transport ions and water vectorially, this position exposes its receptors to ouabain and analogous cardiotonic steroids, which are present in the internal milieu because these were secreted by endocrine cells.
Kinase activation of ClC-3 accelerates cytoplasmic condensation during mitotic cell rounding
Authors: Cuddapah Vishnu Anand , Habela Christa W. , Watkins Stacey , Moore Lindsay S. , Barclay Tia-Tabitha C. , Sontheimer Harald
Published: November 2011

“Mitotic cell rounding” describes the rounding of mammalian cells before dividing into two daughter cells. This shape change requires coordinated cytoskeletal contraction and changes in osmotic pressure. While considerable research has been devoted to understanding mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal contraction, little is known about how osmotic gradients are involved in cell division. Here we describe cytoplasmic condensation preceding cell division, termed “premitotic condensation” (PMC), which involves cells extruding osmotically active Cl− via ClC-3, a voltage-gated channel/transporter. This leads to a decrease in cytoplasmic volume during mitotic cell rounding and cell division. Using a combination of time-lapse microscopy and biophysical measurements, we demonstrate that PMC involves the activation of ClC-3 by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in human glioma cells. Knockdown of endogenous ClC-3 protein expression eliminated CaMKII-dependent Cl− currents in dividing cells and impeded PMC. Thus, kinase-dependent changes in Cl− conductance contribute to an outward osmotic pressure in dividing cells, which facilitates cytoplasmic condensation preceding cell division.
Ischemia-induced stimulation of cerebral microvascular endothelial cell Na-K-Cl cotransport involves p38 and JNK MAP kinases
Authors: Wallace Breanna K. , Jelks Karen A. , O'Donnell Martha E.
Published: November 2011

Previous studies have provided evidence that, in the early hours of ischemic stroke, a luminal membrane blood-brain barrier (BBB) Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) participates in ischemia-induced cerebral edema formation. Inhibition of BBB NKCC activity by intravenous bumetanide significantly reduces edema and infarct in the rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. We demonstrated previously that the BBB cotransporter is stimulated by hypoxia, aglycemia, and AVP, factors present during cerebral ischemia. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been known. Ischemic conditions have been shown to activate p38 and JNK MAP kinases (MAPKs) in brain, and the p38 and JNK inhibitors SB-239063 and SP-600125, respectively, have been found to reduce brain damage following middle cerebral artery occlusion and subarachnoid hemorrhage, respectively. The present study was conducted to determine whether one or both of these MAPKs participates in ischemic factor stimulation of BBB NKCC activity. Cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cell NKCC activity was evaluated as bumetanide-sensitive 86Rb influx. Activities of p38 and JNK were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence methods using antibodies that detect total vs. phosphorylated (activated) p38 or JNK. We report that p38 and JNK are present in cultured cerebral microvascular endothelial cells and in BBB endothelial cells in situ and that hypoxia (7% O2 and 2% O2), aglycemia, AVP, and O2-glucose deprivation (5- to 120-min exposures) all rapidly activate p38 and JNK in the cells. We also provide evidence that SB-239063 and SP-600125 reduce or abolish ischemic factor stimulation of BBB NKCC activity. These findings support the hypothesis that ischemic factor stimulation of the BBB NKCC involves activation of p38 and JNK MAPKs.
T-type Ca2+ channels in mouse embryonic stem cells: modulation during cell cycle and contribution to self-renewal
Authors: Rodríguez-Gómez José A. , Levitsky Konstantín L. , López-Barneo José
Published: November 2011

Ion channels participate in cell homeostasis and are involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in several cell types; however, their presence and function in embryonic stem (ES) cells are poorly studied. We have investigated the existence of voltage-dependent inward currents in mouse ES cells and their ability to modulate proliferation and self-renewal. Patch-clamped ES cells had inactivating tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na+ currents as well as transient Ca2+ currents abolished by the external application of Ni2+. Biophysical and pharmacological data indicated that the Ca2+ current is predominantly mediated by T-type (Cav3.2) channels. The number of cells expressing T-type channels and Cav3.2 mRNA levels increased at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. TTX had no effect on ES cell proliferation. However, blockade of T-type Ca2+ currents with Ni2+ induced a decrease in proliferation and alkaline phosphatase positive colonies as well as reduced expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog, all indicative of loss in self-renewal capacity. Decreased alkaline phosphatase and Oct3/4 expression were also observed in cells subjected to small interfering RNA-induced knockdown for T-type (Cav3.2) Ca2+ channels, thus partially recapitulating the pharmacological effects on self-renewal. These results indicate that Cav3.2 channel expression in ES cells is modulated along the cell cycle being induced at late G1 phase. They also suggest that these channels are involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of mouse ES cells. We propose that Ca2+ entry mediated by Cav3.2 channels might be one of the intracellular signals that participate in the complex network responsible for ES cell self-renewal.
Toll-like receptor deficiency worsens inflammation and lymphedema after lymphatic injury
Authors: Zampell Jamie C. , Elhadad Sonia , Avraham Tomer , Weitman Evan , Aschen Seth , Yan Alan , Mehrara Babak J.
Published: November 2011

Mechanisms regulating lymphedema pathogenesis remain unknown. Recently, we have shown that lymphatic fluid stasis increases endogenous danger signal expression, and these molecules influence lymphatic repair (Zampbell JC, et al. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 300: C1107–C1121, 2011). Endogenous danger signals activate Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and induce homeostatic or harmful responses, depending on physiological context. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of TLRs in regulating tissue responses to lymphatic fluid stasis. A surgical model of lymphedema was used in which wild-type or TLR2, 4, or 9 knockout (KO) mice underwent tail lymphatic excision. Six weeks postoperatively, TLR KOs demonstrated markedly increased tail edema compared with wild-type animals (50–200% increase; P < 0.01), and this effect was most pronounced in TLR4 KOs ( P < 0.01). TLR deficiency resulted in decreased interstitial and lymphatic transport, abnormal lymphatic architecture, and fewer capillary lymphatics (40–50% decrease; P < 0.001). Lymphedematous tissues of TLR KOs demonstrated increased leukocyte infiltration ( P < 0.001 for TLR4 KOs), including higher numbers of infiltrating CD3+ cells ( P < 0.05, TLR4 and TLR9 KO), yet decreased infiltrating F4/80+ macrophages ( P < 0.05, all groups). Furthermore, analysis of isolated macrophages revealed twofold reductions in VEGF-C ( P < 0.01) and LYVE-1 ( P < 0.05) mRNA from TLR2-deficient animals. Finally, TLR deficiency was associated with increased collagen type I deposition and increased transforming growth factor-β1 expression ( P < 0.01, TLR4 and TLR9 KO), contributing to dermal fibrosis. In conclusion, TLR deficiency worsens tissue responses to lymphatic fluid stasis and is associated with decreased lymphangiogenesis, increased fibrosis, and reduced macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest a role for innate immune responses, including TLR signaling, in lymphatic repair and lymphedema pathogenesis.
Acid secretion by mitochondrion-rich cells of medaka (Oryzias latipes) acclimated to acidic freshwater
Authors: Lin Chia-Cheng , Lin Li-Yih , Hsu Hao-Hsuan , Thermes Violette , Prunet Patrick , Horng Jiun-Lin , Hwang Pung-Pung
Published: November 2011

In the present study, medaka embryos were exposed to acidified freshwater (pH 5) to investigate the mechanism of acid secretion by mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells in embryonic skin. With double or triple in situ hybridization/immunocytochemistry, the Na+/H+exchanger 3 (NHE3) and H+-ATPase were localized in two distinct subtypes of MR cells. NHE3 was expressed in apical membranes of a major proportion of MR cells, whereas H+-ATPase was expressed in basolateral membranes of a much smaller proportion of MR cells. Gill mRNA levels of NHE3 and H+-ATPase and the two subtypes of MR cells in yolk sac skin were increased by acid acclimation; however, the mRNA level of NHE3 was remarkably higher than that of H+-ATPase. A scanning ion-selective electrode technique was used to measure H+, Na+, and NH4+transport by individual MR cells in larval skin. Results showed that Na+uptake and NH4+excretion by MR cells increased after acid acclimation. These findings suggested that the NHE3/Rh glycoprotein-mediated Na+uptake/NH4+excretion mechanism plays a critical role in acidic equivalent (H+/NH4+) excretion by MR cells of the freshwater medaka.
Divergent mechanism regulating fluid intake and metabolism by the brain renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Sigmund Curt D.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this review is two-fold. First, I will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating angiotensin II (ANG II) synthesis in the brain, focusing on evidence that renin is expressed in the brain and is expressed in two forms: a secreted form, which may catalyze extracellular ANG I generation from glial or neuronal angiotensinogen (AGT), and an intracellular form, which may generate intracellular ANG in neurons that may act as a neurotransmitter. Second, I will discuss recent studies that advance the concept that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain not only is a potent regulator of blood pressure and fluid intake but may also regulate metabolism. The efferent pathways regulating the blood pressure/dipsogenic effects and the metabolic effects of elevated central RAS activity appear different, with the former being dependent upon the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the latter being dependent upon an interaction between the brain and the systemic (or adipose) RAS.
Neuromodulation in a rat model of the bladder micturition reflex
Authors: Su Xin , Nickles Angela , Nelson Dwight E.
Published: November 2011

A rat model of bladder reflex contraction (BRC) was used to determine the optimal frequency and intensity of spinal nerve (SN) stimulation to produce neuromodulation of bladder activity and to assess the therapeutic mechanisms of this neuromodulation. In anesthetized female rats (urethane 1.2 g/kg ip), a wire electrode was used to produce bilateral stimulation of the L6 SN. A cannula was placed into the bladder via the urethra, and the urethra was ligated to ensure an isovolumetric bladder. Saline infusion induced BRC. Electrical stimulation of the SN produced a frequency- and intensity-dependent attenuation of the frequency of bladder contractions. Ten-herz stimulation produced maximal inhibition; lower and higher stimulation frequency produced less attenuation of BRC. Attenuation of bladder contraction frequency was directly proportional to the current intensity. At 10 Hz, stimulation using motor threshold pulses (Tmot) produced a delayed inhibition of the frequency of bladder contractions to 34 ± 11% of control. Maximal bladder inhibition appeared at 10 min poststimulation. High current intensity at 0.6 mA (∼6 * Tmot) abolished bladder contraction during stimulation, and the inhibition was sustained for 10 min poststimulation (prolonged inhibition). Furthermore, in rats pretreated with capsaicin (125 mg/kg sc), stimulation produced a stronger inhibition of BRC. The inhibitory effects on bladder contraction may be mediated by both afferent and efferent mechanisms. Lower intensities of stimulation may activate large, fast-conducting fibers and actions through the afferent limb of the micturition reflex arc in SN neuromodulation. Higher intensities may additionally act through the efferent limb.
Diabetic Mastopathy as a Radiographically Occult Palpable Breast Mass
Authors: Thanarajasingam Uma , Chen Beiyun , Tortorelli Cindy L. , Jakub James W. , Ghosh Karthik
Published: November 2011

Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon, benign disease of the breast that can occur in women with diabetes and clinically mimic breast cancer. We describe a patient with long-standing type 1 diabetes who presented with a palpable breast mass with negative imaging findings on mammography, ultrasonography, and breast MRI. Surgical biopsy and histopathology confirmed diabetic mastopathy. We use this case to highlight the recognition, radiographic features, pathology, and management of this benign breast condition and emphasize that, in diabetic patients, the differential diagnosis of a new breast mass should include diabetic mastopathy.
A Heuristic Algorithm for Resource Allocation/Reallocation Problem
Authors: Raja Balachandar S. , Kannan K.
Published: October 2011

This paper presents a 1-opt heuristic approach to solve resource allocation/reallocation problem which is known as 0/1 multichoice multidimensional knapsack problem (MMKP). The intercept matrix of the constraints is employed to find optimal or near‐optimal solution of the MMKP. This heuristic approach is tested for 33 benchmark problems taken from OR library of sizes upto 7000, and the results have been compared with optimum solutions. Computational complexity is proved to be O(klmn2) of solving heuristically MMKP using this approach. The performance of our heuristic is compared with the best state‐of‐art heuristic algorithms with respect to the quality of the solutions found. The encouraging results especially for relatively large‐size test problems indicate that this heuristic approach can successfully be used for finding good solutions for highly constrained NP‐hard problems.
A Retrospective Study on Pathologic Features and Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bigler Steven A. , Pound Charles R. , Zhou Xinchun
Published: October 2011

We reviewed more than 3,000 pathology reports on prostate cancer-related surgical specimens and analyzed racial disparities in histological and clinical features at the time of initial biopsy, diagnosis of prostate cancer, and prostatectomy, as well as in characteristics of tumor evolution between African American and Caucasian patients. As compared to Caucasians, African American patients had younger age, higher cancer detection rate, higher Gleason score of prostate cancer, and more bilateral involvement of the prostate. African Americans also had larger prostates, greater volume of tumor, and more positive margins. The diagnosis of HGPIN or ASAP in prostate biopsies and African American race conferred an increased risk of diagnosis of prostate cancer. The interval between prior noncancerous biopsy and the subsequent biopsy with diagnosis of prostate cancer was shorter in men with HGPIN, with ASAP, or of African American race.
An Obesity-RelatedFTOVariant and the Risk of Preeclampsia in a Finnish Study Population
Authors: Klemetti Miira , Hiltunen Leena M. , Heino Sanna , Heinonen Seppo , Kajantie Eero , Laivuori Hannele
Published: November 2011

Previous studies have demonstrated a common variant of the obesity and fat mass-relatedFTOgene, rs9939609, to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and elevated blood pressure. We investigated whether theFTOSNP rs9939609 is associated with the risk of preeclampsia (PE) in a Finnish study population. 485 women with prior PE and 449 women who had given birth after a normotensive pregnancy were genotyped (TaqMan) for the SNP rs9939609. The prevalences of genotypes AA, AT, and TT were 15%, 53%, and 32%, respectively, among the PE cases, and 16%, 47%, and 37%, respectively, among the controls (P=0.199). We found no evidence of an association between theFTOSNP rs9939609 and PE. However, our cases were dominated by severe, early-onset PE. Thus, we are unable to exclude an association with the milder, later-onset form of the disease in which the role of maternal metabolic predisposition could be more significant.

Erratum to “An Obesity-RelatedFTOVariant and the Risk of Preeclampsia in a Finnish Study Population”
Drugs for Pain Management in Shock Wave Lithotripsy
Authors: Bach Christian , Zaman Faruquz , Kachrilas Stefanos , Kumar Priyadarshi , Buchholz Noor , Masood Junaid
Published: November 2011

Objective. With this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the main aspects and currently used drugs for analgesia in shockwave lithotripsy.Evidence Acquisition. We reviewed current literature, concentrating on newer articles and high-quality reviews in international journals.Results. No standardized protocols for pain control in SWL exist, although it is crucial for treatment outcome. General and spinal anaesthesia show excellent pain control but are only recommended for selected cases. The newer opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are able to deliver good analgesia. Interest in inhalation anaesthesia with nitrous oxide, local anaesthesia with deep infiltration of the tissue, and dermal anaesthesia with EMLA or DMSO has recently rekindled, showing good results in terms of pain control and a favourable side effect profile. Tamsulosin and paracetamol are further well-known drugs being currently investigated.Conclusion. Apart from classically used drugs like opioids and NSARs, medicaments like nitrous oxide, paracetamol, DMSA, or refined administration techniques for infiltration anaesthesia show a good effectiveness in pain control for SWL.
Allografting for Bosutinib, Imatinib, Nilotinib, Dasatinib, and Interferon Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia without ABL Kinase Mutation
Authors: Uz B. , Bektas O. , Eliacik E. , Goker H. , Erbilgin Y. , Sayitoglu M. , Sayinalp N. , Aksu S. , Buyukasik Y. , Ozcebe O. , Haznedaroglu I. C.
Published: November 2011

The current treatment of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) consists of oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, high-risk CML may present with an aggressive course which may result in blastic crisis or a “difficult-to-manage” state with available treatments. The aim of this paper is to report a patient with complicated CML resistant to treatment and progressed despite the administration of bosutinib, imatinib mesylate, nilotinib, dasatinib, interferon alpha 2a, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The striking point of this case story is that no Abl kinase domain mutation against TKIs has been detected during this very complicated disease course of CML. Meanwhile, challenging cases will always be present despite the hope and progress in CML in the TKI era.
Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Fredholm Integrodifferential Equations of Fractional Order by Using Hybrid of Block‐Pulse Functions and Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Yang Changqing
Published: October 2011

A numerical method for solving nonlinear Fredholm integral equations of second kind is proposed. The Fredholm‐type equations, which have many applications in mathematical physics, are then considered. The method is based upon hybrid function approximate. The properties of hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Chebyshev series are presented and are utilized to reduce the computation of nonlinear Fredholm integral equations to a system of nonlinear. Some numerical examples are selected to illustrate the effectiveness and simplicity of the method.
Parent Prediction of Child Mood and Emotional Resilience: The Role of Parental Responsiveness and Psychological Control
Authors: Boughton Kristy L. , Lumley Margaret N.
Published: November 2011

Research consistently shows low to moderate agreement between parent and child reports of child mood, suggesting that parents are not always the best predictors of child emotional functioning. This study examines parental responsiveness and psychological control for improving prediction of early adolescent mood and emotional resilience beyond parent report of child emotional functioning. Participants were 268 early adolescents administered measures of depression symptoms, emotional resilience, and perceptions of parenting. Parents of participating youth completed measures of youth emotional functioning. Parental responsiveness and psychological control each emerged as family variables that may be of value for predicting child emotional functioning beyond parent reports. Specifically, responsiveness explained significant variance in child depression and resilience after accounting for parent reports, while parental psychological control increased prediction of child mood alone. Results generally suggest that parenting behaviours may be an important consideration when children and parents provide discrepant reports of child emotional well-being. Conceptual and clinical implications of these results are discussed.
Analysis of the Fault Attack ECDLP over Prime Field
Authors: Wang Mingqiang , Zhan Tao
Published: November 2011

In 2000, Biehl et al. proposed a fault‐based attack on elliptic curve cryptography. In this paper, we refined the fault attack method. An elliptic curve E is defined over prime field 𝔽p with base point P ∈ E(𝔽p). Applying the fault attack on these curves, the discrete logarithm on the curve can be computed in subexponential time of Lp(1/2, 1 + o(1)). The runtime bound relies on heuristics conjecture about smooth numbers similar to the ones used by Lenstra, 1987.
Steroid-Refractory Acute GVHD: Predictors and Outcomes
Authors: Westin Jason R. , Saliba Rima M. , De Lima Marcos , Alousi Amin , Hosing Chitra , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Khouri Issa F. , Shpall Elizabeth J. , Anderlini Paolo , Rondon Gabriela , Andersson Borje S. , Champlin Richard , Couriel Daniel R.
Published: November 2011

Patients with steroid-resistant acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) have a dismal prognosis, with mortality rates in excess of 90%. We sought to identify a subgroup of patients less likely to benefit from initial therapy with corticosteroids as well as the impact of response on day 14 on outcome. Retrospective evaluation was performed of patients with biopsy-proven aGVHD treated with corticosteroids after allogeneic HSCT at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center from 1998 through 2002 (). Overall response to first-line therapy on day 14 was 56%. Grade III-IV aGVHD and hyperacute GVHD were the most significant factors predicting failure. Patients who fail to respond to steroids by day 14 should be considered for clinical trials. Severity of aGVHD, hyperacute GVHD, and sex mismatch could be integrated into prognostic scoring systems which may allow for pretreatment identification of patients unlikely to benefit from standard therapy with corticosteroids.
Sex Steroids Effects on the Molting Process of the Helminth Human Parasite Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Hernández-Bello Romel , Ramirez-Nieto Ricardo , Muñiz-Hernández Saé , Nava-Castro Karen , Pavón Lenin , Sánchez-Acosta Ana Gabriela , Morales-Montor Jorge
Published: November 2011

We evaluated the in vitro effects of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone on the molting process, which is the initial and crucial step in the development of the muscular larvae (ML or L1) to adult worm. Testosterone had no significative effect on the molting rate of the parasite, however, progesterone decreased the molting rate about a 50% in a concentration‐ and time‐independent pattern, while estradiol had a slight effect (10%). The gene expression of caveolin‐1, a specific gene used as a marker of parasite development, showed that progesterone and estradiol downregulated its expression, while protein expression was unaffected. By using flow citometry, a possible protein that is recognized by a commercial antiprogesterone receptor antibody was detected. These findings may have strong implications in the host‐parasite coevolution, in the sex‐associated susceptibility to this infection and could point out to possibilities to use antihormones to inhibit parasite development.
T2DM: Why Epigenetics?
Authors: Fradin Delphine , Bougnères Pierre
Published: November 2011

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetics conveys specific environmental influences into phenotypic traits through a variety of mechanisms that are often installed in early life, then persist in differentiated tissues with the power to modulate the expression of many genes, although undergoing time-dependent alterations. There is still no evidence that epigenetics contributes significantly to the causes or transmission of T2DM from one generation to another, thus, to the current environment-driven epidemics, but it has become so likely, as pointed out in this paper, that one can expect an efflorescence of epigenetic knowledge about T2DM in times to come.
Applying Artificial Neural Networks for Face Recognition
Authors: Le Thai Hoang
Published: November 2011

This paper introduces some novel models for all steps of a face recognition system. In the step of face detection, we propose a hybrid model combining AdaBoost and Artificial Neural Network (ABANN) to solve the process efficiently. In the next step, labeled faces detected by ABANN will be aligned by Active Shape Model and Multi Layer Perceptron. In this alignment step, we propose a new 2D local texture model based on Multi Layer Perceptron. The classifier of the model significantly improves the accuracy and the robustness of local searching on faces with expression variation and ambiguous contours. In the feature extraction step, we describe a methodology for improving the efficiency by the association of two methods: geometric feature based method and Independent Component Analysis method. In the face matching step, we apply a model combining many Neural Networks for matching geometric features of human face. The model links many Neural Networks together, so we call it Multi Artificial Neural Network. MIT + CMU database is used for evaluating our proposed methods for face detection and alignment. Finally, the experimental results of all steps on CallTech database show the feasibility of our proposed model.
Virtual Communities for Diabetes Chronic Disease Healthcare
Authors: Chorbev Ivan , Sotirovska Marija , Mihajlov Dragan
Published: November 2011

Diabetes is classified as the world's fastest-growing chronic illness that affects millions of people. It is a very serious disease, but the bright side is that it is treatable and can be managed. Proper education in this view is necessary to achieve essential control and prevent the aggregation of this chronic sickness. We have developed a healthcare social network that provides methods for distance learning; opportunities for creation of virtual self-help groups where patients can get information and establish interactions among each other in order to exchange important healthcare-related information; discussion forums; patient-to-healthcare specialist communication. The mission of our virtual community is to increase the independence of people with diabetes, self-management, empower them to take care of themselves, make their everyday activities easier, enrich their medical knowledge, and improve their health condition, make them more productive, and improve their communication with other patients with similar diagnoses. The ultimate goal is to enhance the quality of their life.
On MEMS Reliability and Failure Mechanisms
Authors: Fonseca Daniel J. , Sequera Miguel
Published: November 2011

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are a fast‐growing field in microelectronics. MEMS are commonly used as actuators and sensors with a wide variety of applications in health care, automotives, and the military. The MEMS production cycle can be classified as three basic steps: (1) design process, (2) manufacturing process, and (3) operating cycle. Several studies have been conducted for steps (1) and (2); however, information regarding operational failure modes in MEMS is lacking. This paper discusses reliability in the context of MEMS functionality. It also presents a brief review of the most relevant failure mechanisms for MEMS.
Lr‐Lp Stability of the Incompressible Flows with Nonzero Far‐Field Velocity
Authors: Roh Jaiok
Published: November 2011

We consider the stability of stationary solutions w for the exterior Navier‐Stokes flows with a nonzero constant velocity u∞ at infinity. For u∞ = 0 with nonzero stationary solution w, Chen (1993), Kozono and Ogawa (1994), and Borchers and Miyakawa (1995) have studied the temporal stability in Lp spaces for 1 < p and obtained good stability decay rates. For the spatial direction, we recently obtained some results. For u∞ ≠ 0, Heywood (1970, 1972) and Masuda (1975) have studied the temporal stability in L2 space. Shibata (1999) and Enomoto and Shibata (2005) have studied the temporal stability in Lp spaces for p ≥ 3. Then, Bae and Roh recently improved Enomoto and Shibata′s results in some sense. In this paper, we improve Bae and Roh′s result in the spaces Lp for p > 1 and obtain Lr‐Lp stability as Kozono and Ogawa and Borchers and Miyakawa obtained for u∞ = 0.
Immunologic Regulation in Pregnancy: From Mechanism to Therapeutic Strategy for Immunomodulation
Authors: Chen Shyi-Jou , Liu Yung-Liang , Sytwu Huey-Kang
Published: November 2011

The immunologic interaction between the fetus and the mother is a paradoxical communication that is regulated by fetal antigen presentation and/or by recognition of and reaction to these antigens by the maternal immune system. There have been significant advances in understanding of abnormalities in the maternal-fetal immunologic relationship in the placental bed that can lead to pregnancy disorders. Moreover, immunologic recognition of pregnancy is vital for the maintenance of gestation, and inadequate recognition of fetal antigens may cause abortion. In this paper, we illustrate the complex immunologic aspects of human reproduction in terms of the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), immune cells, cytokines and chemokines, and the balance of immunity in pregnancy. In addition, we review the immunologic processes of human reproduction and the current immunologic therapeutic strategies for pathological disorders of pregnancy.
In VivoTime-Course Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis in Colorectal Liver Metastases in the Same Living Mice Using Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Tanaka Koji , Morimoto Yuhki , Toiyama Yuji , Matsushita Kohei , Kawamura Mikio , Koike Yuhki , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Inoue Yasuhiro , Uchida Keiichi , Araki Toshimitsu , Mizoguchi Akira , Kusunoki Masato
Published: November 2011

In vivoreal-time visualization of the process of angiogenesis in secondary tumors in the same living animals presents a major challenge in metastasis research. We developed a technique for intravital imaging of colorectal liver metastasis development in live mice using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). We also developed time-series TPLSM in which intravital TPLSM procedures were performed several times over periods of days to months. Red fluorescent protein-expressing colorectal cancer cells were inoculated into the spleens of green fluorescent protein-expressing mice. First- and second-round intravital TPLSM allowed visualization of viable cancer cells (red) in hepatic sinusoids or the space of Disse. Third-round intravital TPLSM demonstrated liver metastatic colonies consisting of viable cancer cells and surrounding stroma with tumor vessels (green).In vivotime-course imaging of tumor angiogenesis in the same living mice using time-series TPLSM could be an ideal tool for antiangiogenic drug evaluation, reducing the effects of interindividual variation.
The Association between Hypertension and Dementia in the Elderly
Authors: Igase Michiya , Kohara Katsuhiko , Miki Tetsuro
Published: November 2011

Hypertension (HT) and dementia are common disorders in the elderly. HT in the elderly is associated with increased occurrence rates of dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). In connection to this, some studies have suggested that HT in old age correlates with the pathogenesis of dementia. Since HT is potentially reversible, a number of randomized trials have examined whether antihypertensive treatment may help in preventing dementia occurrence. We review five studies, all using subjects 60 years or older, which investigated different antihypertensive pharmacological treatments. Data from two trials (Syst-Eur, PROGRESS) open the way toward the prevention of dementia (AD or VaD) by antihypertensive treatments. In the Syst-Eur study, with the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, a reduction in both types of dementia was demonstrated (risk reduction 55%). The PROGRESS study showed that the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), with or without diuretics, resulted in decrease incidence of stroke-related dementia (risk reduction 19%), but dementia without stroke was not reduced. In contrast, the SHEP trial, treatment with a chlorthalidone-based antihypertensive regimen, did not significantly reduced the incidence of dementia. The SCOPE study (candesartan or hydrochlorothiazide versus placebo) and the HYVET-COG study (indapamide or perindopril versus placebo) found no significant difference between the active treatment and placebo group on the incidence of dementia. We found conflicting results regarding treatment benefits in dementia prevention. Recent clinical trials and studies on animal models suggest that blockades of RAS system could have reduced cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Future trials primarily designed to investigate the effects of antihypertensive agents on impaired cognition are needed.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Cytokine Profiles of Trophoblast Antigen-Stimulated Maternal Lymphocytes
Authors: Raghupathy Raj , Al-Azemi Majedah , Azizieh Fawaz
Published: October 2011

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an important perinatal syndrome that poses several serious short- and long-term effects. We studied cytokine production by maternal peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by trophoblast antigens. 36 women with a diagnosis of IUGR and 22 healthy women with normal fetal growth were inducted. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. IL-8, IFNγ, and TNFα were higher in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in normal pregnancy. IL-12 levels were higher and IL-10 levels were lower in IUGR with placental insufficiency than in IUGR without placental insufficiency. We suggest that a stronger pro-inflammatory bias exists in IUGR as compared to normal pregnancy and in IUGR with placental insufficiency when compared to IUGR without placental insufficiency. Several ratios of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines also support the existence of an inflammatory bias in IUGR.
On the Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting Method for Scattering by Large 3D Inhomogeneous Targets
Authors: Yang Ming-Lin , Sheng Xin-Qing
Published: October 2011

The finite element tearing and interconnecting method (FETI) is applied to compute scattering by large 3D inhomogeneous targets. Two algorithms of FETI have been implemented for 3D scattering. The performance of these two FETI algorithms has been investigated in detail, particularly for large inhomogeneous targets. Numerical experiments show that the performance of FETI relies on the style of domain decomposition and inhomogeneity, which has not been carefully studied before. A trick for improving convergence of FETI is presented for inhomogeneous targets.
Serum Interleukin-6, Insulin, and HOMA-IR in Male Individuals with Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Sasaki Yu , Takeda Hiroaki , Sato Takeshi , Orii Tomohiko , Nishise Shoichi , Nagino Ko , Iwano Daisuke , Yaoita Takao , Yoshizawa Kazuya , Saito Hideki , Tanaka Yasuhisa , Kawata Sumio
Published: November 2011

Purpose: It is widely acknowledged that chronic low-grade inflammation plays a key role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The level of circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6), one of the major proinflammatory adipokines, is correlated with obesity and insulin resistance, which are known to be risk factors for colorectal adenoma. We examined the association between the circulating level of IL-6 and the presence of colorectal adenoma.

Experimental Design: In a total colonoscopy-based cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2008, serum levels of IL-6 were measured in samples of venous blood obtained from 336 male participants attending health checkups (118 individuals with colorectal adenoma and 218 age-matched controls) after an overnight fast.

Results: In the colorectal adenoma group, the median levels of serum IL-6 (1.24 vs. 1.04 pg/mL; P = 0.01), triglyceride, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were to be significantly higher than those in the control group. When restricted to individuals with adenoma, levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with body mass index, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Multiple logistic analyses adjusted to include insulin or HOMA-IR showed that high levels of IL-6 were associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma. There was no significant interaction of IL-6 with HOMA-IR to modify this association.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increased serum levels of IL-6 are positively associated with the presence of colorectal adenoma in men, independently of insulin and HOMA-IR. Clin Cancer Res; 18(2); 392–9. ©2011 AACR.