bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenomenology of the dispersion law in a three-dimensional quantum space
Authors: Kováčik Samuel , Ďuríšková Michaela , Rusnák Patrik
Published: November 2024

The concept of a quantum structure underlying space has been proposed for quite some time, yet it has largely eluded direct observation. There is a prevailing notion that the minuscule effects stemming from quantum space could, under certain astronomical conditions, accumulate to an observable magnitude. Typically, these effects are perturbative, limited to the first one or two orders. This study presents a full dispersion law derived from a three-dimensional quantum space model. Our primary focus is to investigate the in-vacuo dispersion phenomenon and the threshold anomaly. Furthermore, we briefly explore the implications of additional spatial dimensions within this framework and suggest a way of distinguishing between various theories that agree in the leading-order approximation.
Laminar flow of charged quantum fluids of the Calogero–Sutherland universality class
Authors: Bottesi Federico L. , Zemba Guillermo R.
Published: November 2024

The effective field theory of the Calogero–Sutherland model represents a universality class of quantum hydrodynamic fluids in one spatial dimension. It describes quantum compressible fluids involving both chiralities in which the chiral density field obeys the quantum Benjamin–Ono equation. An extension of this theory to describe a laminar flow of the Calogero–Sutherland fluids in a rectangular geometry with small transverse width and the topology of a ribbon, is considered here. The physical picture is based on the edge states in the hierarchical quantum Hall effect, which may be seen as a collection of parallel one-dimensional quantum incompressible fluids moving along but confined within the transverse microscopic width of the edge of the sample. The effective theory is thus defined as the direct product of two one-dimensional theories of the Calogero–Sutherland class so that one involves motion while the other is confining. Charge transport may be induced by coupling the system to an external electromagnetic field that yields a global translation of the ground state. The effective theory describes quantum solitonic excitations along the direction of the flow and possesses a two-dimensional electric current density which shows a Wigner semicircle law profile in the transverse direction, suggesting a Poiseuille-like behavior but without dissipative viscous effects since the velocity of the fluid is not a well-defined quantum field. This simple physical picture predicts interesting phenomena with distinctive signatures that may be tested in real samples.
Resonance and nonresonant contributions to three-body Ds+→π+π0η′ decay
Authors: Amirkhanlou Elnaz , Mohammadi Behnam
Published: November 2024

The [Formula: see text] decay has been observed nonresonant as well as through [Formula: see text] resonances. The experimental values of its branching ratio are [Formula: see text] for nonresonant process and [Formula: see text] for nonresonant and resonance phases together, which are tabulated by Particle Data Group (PDG) collaboration. Recently, the BESIII collaboration has reported a measurement of the branching fraction for [Formula: see text] decay with the value of [Formula: see text]. In this work, we have presented an analysis of the branching fraction for this decay that has been calculated under the factorization approach. We have obtained the resonance and nonresonant amplitudes with annihilation corrections in our computation. Our result for the nonresonant branching ratio is [Formula: see text], which is comparable to the experimental result of PDG collaboration. Considering the nonresonant and resonance contributions, the theoretical value of the branching ratio is [Formula: see text], which is in agreement with the reported experimental value.
Rational gluing in edge replacement systems
Authors: Perego Davide , Tarocchi Matteo
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we prove the rationality of the gluing relation of edge replacement systems, which were introduced for studying rearrangement groups of fractals. More precisely, we describe an algorithmic procedure for building a finite state automaton that recognizes pairs of equivalent sequences that are glued in the fractal. This fits in recent interest toward the rationality of gluing relations on totally disconnected compact metrizable spaces.
Performance of the time-of-flight systems at the BM@N experiment
Authors: Zhavoronkova Irina , Rumayntsev Mikhail , Merts Sergey , Lenivenko Vasilisa , Khukhaeva Anastasia
Published: November 2024

The BM@N is the first experiment at the NICA accelerator complex, which aims to study relativistic heavy ion interactions in the energy region corresponding to high net baryon densities. For the purpose of charged particle identification in the BM@N, two time-of-flight systems TOF400 and TOF700 are used. After the first physics run at the experiment, a series of calibrations have been performed. The calibration methods are described in detail, as well as an estimation of the time and coordinate resolution of the systems.
Self-Powered Actively Controlled Lateral Suspensions of High-Speed Trains Using Energy-Regenerative Electromagnetic Damper and Model Predictive Control
Authors: Hua Yingyu , Li Jinyang , Zhu Songye
Published: November 2024

Although traditional active suspension can offer superior riding comfort and maneuverability over its semiactive and passive counterparts, its reliance on an external power supply has hindered its widespread applications in vehicles. To overcome this deficiency, this paper proposes an innovative self-powered active suspension design for a high-speed train (HST), by leveraging the recently emerging H-bridge circuit-based electromagnetic damper (HB-EMD), allowing bidirectional power flow between the damper and controlled system. The capability of HB-EBD to achieve unique self-powered active skyhook control was previously proved in a simplified single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structure under harmonic excitations; however, the feasibility of employing HB-EMD to realize active vibration control for more complex structural systems under stochastic excitations remains an unanswered question. One main challenge is designing a novel control algorithm that can simultaneously realize vibration control and self-powering objectives, which is unattainable by traditional active control algorithms. In this study, an ad hoc model predictive controller (MPC) is designed to guarantee the fulfillment of these dual objectives. To evaluate the performance of the proposed active suspension design, two separate HB-EMDs are implemented on the front and rear sides of the secondary lateral suspensions of an HST model subjected to stochastic track irregularities. At a speed of 200[Formula: see text]km/h, the proposed HB-EMDs with MPC could achieve a 55% reduction in the lateral acceleration of the car body in comparison with passive suspension, meanwhile maintaining energy harvesting performance with an average output power of 25.0[Formula: see text]W. In contrast, a traditional active linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller consumes 72.7[Formula: see text]W power when performing comparable vibration reduction. This study, for the first time, validates the feasibility of designing a self-powered, actively controlled secondary lateral HST suspension system without relying on an external power source, which will potentially pave the way for a new active vibration control paradigm for other generic structures.
Two-Dimensional Simulation of Generalized Thermoelastic Damping in Vibrations of Strain Gradient Beam Resonators
Authors: Ghribi Wade , Patel Pinank , Ranganathaswamy M. K. , Sharma Rohit , Widatalla Sabir , Mann Vikasdeep Singh , Alhedrawe Marwa , Kedia Ankit , Sharma M. K. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: November 2024

The operation of micro/nanobeam resonators is greatly impacted by the thermoelastic damping (TED) phenomenon, highlighting the need for precise determination of its value. Given the confirmed size effects in both mechanical and thermal fields, along with the importance of utilizing the two-dimensional (2D) heat transfer model over the 1D model for more accurate simulation of the thermomechanical behavior of small-scale beams, this paper aims, for the first time, to present a 2D model for TED using the modified strain gradient theory (MSGT) and the nonlocal dual-phase-lag (NDPL) heat equation. To accomplish this, the 2D NDPL-based temperature distribution is calculated using the Galerkin method, while the MSGT is applied to determine the size-dependent constitutive equations. The obtained relations are then used in the energy dissipation (ED) method to derive a TED formula in the form of infinite series. To validate the model’s accuracy, a simplified version is employed for comparison. A detailed convergence study is also performed to determine the optimal number of terms needed for precise results. Finally, a thorough parametric analysis is undertaken to explore how key factors like 2D heat transfer and non-classical constants in the MSGT and NDPL model impact TED. The findings highlight the importance of using the MSGT and NDPL model in micro- and sub-micro dimensions, and the need for the 2D model in beams with low aspect ratios.
Refined Probabilistic Seismic Demand Modeling of High-Speed Railway Bridge Under Near-Fault Hanging-Wall Effects and Velocity Pulse Effects by a Novel Ground Motion Selection Approach
Authors: Wen Tianxing , Duan Haopeng , Jiang Liqiang , Zhou Wangbao , Du Yanliang , Jiang Lizhong
Published: November 2024

Near-fault ground motions may cause serious damage and consequence of high-speed railway bridges (HSRBs), since their particularly detrimental effects, including the hanging-wall effects and velocity pulse effects. However, the induced seismic demand depends on the complex relationship between natural vibration characteristics of structures and frequent contents of ground motions, leading to the difficulty in attributing to less seismic attenuation or/and the above special effects. This work adopts a framework to select a ground motion suite with a specified near-fault effect by multiple controllable constraints on the target response spectrum. Near-fault effect on seismic demand is visualized and quantified by empirical cumulative distribution functions (ECDFs) and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. An ECDF-based method is proposed to develop a bilinear probabilistic seismic demand model (PSDM) to capture the nonlinear relationship between engineering demand parameter (EDP) and intensity measure caused by near-fault effects. In the case study, the hanging-wall effects and the directivity-induced velocity pulse effects are investigated on a simply-supported HSRB. The influence of the two effects on key structural components is examined, in which the demand changes are attributed to one of them. The result shows that the hanging-wall effect amplifies both mean and variance of the seismic demands. Pulse-like records cause sudden increases in demand ECDFs, which are used to determine the transition point in the bilinear PSDMs. The refined PSDMs well capture the nonlinear trend of EDP varying with PGV when considering pulse-like records.
Megale: A Metadata-Driven Graph-Based System for Data Lake Exploration
Authors: Boukraa Doulkifli , Bouraoui Meriem , Grine Chaima , Ouahab Racha
Published: November 2024

Data lakes are storage repositories that contain large amounts of data (big data) in its native format; encompassing structured, semi-structured or unstructured. Data lakes are open to a wide range of use cases, such as carrying out advanced analytics and extracting knowledge patterns. However, the sheer dumping of data into a data lake would only lead to a data swamp. To prevent such a situation, enterprises can adopt best practices, among which to manage data lake metadata. A growing body of research has focused on proposing metadata systems and models for data lakes with a special interest on model genericness. However, existing models fail to cover all aspects of a data lake, due to their static modeling approach. Besides, they do not fully cover essential features for an effective metadata management, namely governance, visibility and uniform treatment of data lake concepts. In this paper, we propose a dynamic modeling approach to meet these features, based on two main constructs: data lake concept and data lake relationship. We showcase our approach by Megale, a graph-based metadata system for NoSQL data lake exploration. We present a proof-of-concept implementation of Megale and we show its effectiveness and efficiency in exploring the data lake.
Stimuli-Induced Instabilities and Bifurcations of Responsive Polymeric Materials: A Review on Analytical and Numerical Studies
Authors: Feng Heng , Jiang Liying
Published: November 2024

Responsive polymeric materials have attracted extensive research attention due to their capabilities in response to external stimuli such as electric field, magnetic field, temperature, pH, light, and chemicals while maintaining their unique features. However, with the existence of external stimuli, such materials are also susceptible to stimuli-induced instabilities and bifurcations that limit the functionalities of their applications. This paper aims to provide an overview on the state of the art of analytical and numerical methodologies for characterizing those stimuli-induced behaviors, including incremental approach, finite element method, and tension field theory. The general formulations and simulation procedures adopted in the analysis techniques are briefly introduced, and the advantages and limitations of each method are identified. Some research gaps and prospective directions are also discussed, which is expected to provide guidance for better design and applications of responsive polymeric materials in future studies.
3D Jones-matrix thesiography of biological fluid facies
Authors: Ushenko Alexander , Soltys Iryna , Dubolazov Alexander , Ushenko Yuriy , Bilookyi Viacheslav , Bilookyi Olexander , Litvinenko Olexandra , Mikirin Ivan , Zheng Jun , Chen Zhebo , Bin Lin
Published: November 2024

A new polarization–interference biomedical diagnostic three-dimensional (3D) Jones-matrix technology with digital Fourier reconstruction of layered maps of optical anisotropy (thesiograms) of dehydrated films (facies) of biological fluids of human organs is presented and experimentally tested. An original model of layered phase scanning of polycrystalline architectonics of supramolecular networks of biological fluid facies is proposed for the purpose of theoretical justification and prognostic use of the obtained results. On its basis, algorithms of Jones-matrix reconstruction of thesiograms of birefringence and dichroism of facies of synovial fluid, bile and blood are found. As a result, layered thesiograms of linear and circular birefringence and dichroism of facies with different spatial–angular architectonics of supramolecular networks are experimentally obtained for the first time. Within the framework of statistical analysis of experimental data, new objective markers (asymmetry and excess of optical anisotropy parameter distributions) for diagnostics of pathological changes in the optical anisotropy of biological fluid facies were defined and clinically tested. As a result, an excellent level of balanced accuracy of the developed polarization–interference Jones-matrix method of layer-by-layer reconstruction of thesiograms of polycrystalline supramolecular networks in differential diagnostics of bile facies (cholelithiasis), synovial fluid (reactive synovitis–septic arthritis) and whole blood (follicular adenoma–papillary thyroid cancer) was achieved.
An elliptic curve-based approach for enhanced security of substitution-permutation networks
Authors: Farwa Shabieh , Rehman Abdur , Shahid Aaminah
Published: November 2024

A well-designed substitution-permutation network (SPN) relies on several interspersed rounds of S-boxes and P-boxes, fulfilling the properties of Shannon’s confusion and diffusion. In any SPN, the role of the confusion constituent, S-box, is essentially decisive as one-bit change in the key leads to the change in several of the round keys. Consequentially, every round key spreads out over all the bits, changing the ciphertext in an absolutely complex manner. The unpredictable advancement of secured cryptographic systems escorts an indispensable demand to develop new S-box generators, offering optimized security features on a reduced computational cost. It has been established that the use of elliptic curves in cryptography offers elevated security with a reduced key size. In the proposed work, we deploy high resistance of elliptic curves’ point addition system against modern cryptanalysis, to evolve a substitution algorithm. Precisely, we use the complex algebraic structure of an elliptic curve group over a finite field. Our novel approach reduces the computational labor just by utilizing the nonlinear point-addition mechanism to design a substitution algorithm. The idea is supported through a step by step illustration of problem formulation. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm are judged through all the fundamental evaluation parameters and a comprehensive analysis including comparison with some recent techniques is also presented that proves the effectiveness of our model.
Monte Carlo simulation of recrystallization and grain growth in Annealed Al–4% Cu alloy: Validation through experimental microstructure comparison
Authors: Rajendra P. , Nagaral Madeva , Siddaraju C.
Published: November 2024

The study of recrystallization and grain growth in annealed metals has been extensively investigated using various computational approaches, with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations proving particularly effective. This research highlights the application of the MC method in simulating microstructures that closely resemble experimentally observed ones. The experimental microstructures were obtained from a 50% cold-worked Al–4% Cu (Duralumin) alloy, annealed at different conditions. The Metropolis algorithm was employed to simulate the microstructures using a two-dimensional Potts model on a square lattice. The simulated results strongly correlate with the actual microstructures, validating the effectiveness of the MC method in exploring grain growth phenomena. This study underscores the potential of MC simulations as a robust tool for investigating recrystallization and grain evolution in annealed metals.
The Role of Islamic Banking and Capital Market in Promoting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Case of Malaysia
Authors: Ezzuddin Ezzat
Published: November 2024

Since the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN) in 2015, the global financial markets have strongly inclined towards being more ethical, responsible and value-based investing. Similar with the conventional counterparts, the stakeholders in Islamic finance have initiated its efforts and thrives in manifesting and incorporating the global sustainability agenda into its business operations and product innovations. Given that the principles of Islamic finance fundamentally support socially inclusive, environmentally preserved and economically prosper, the potential for Islamic finance to play a role in realizing and translating the SDGs into practical approach is extensively explored in this paper. This paper reviews the role of Islamic finance industry, specifically the Islamic banking and Islamic capital market in Malaysia, in contributing the realization and manifestation of the SDGs in its day-to-day business activities by analyzing few existing products in the local market namely, Islamic microfinance, Islamic green financing, green sukuk and ESG Islamic fund. The discussion presented in this paper predominantly derived from a comprehensive analysis conducted through literature review approach. The paper concludes that Islamic finance industry in Malaysia is still on the right track in terms of contributing to sustainable development goals, environmental preservation and social welfare, as advocated by the United Nations. All of the key stakeholders in Malaysia also have been working hard to make sure the overall Islamic financial ecosystem is aligning with the global sustainable finance movements. This paper provides an indirect motivation and personal incentive for the policy makers to continue assimilating and harmonizing the SDG elements into the Islamic finance industry.
A review of salt tectonics in Romania's Transylvanian Basin and implications for energy transition
Authors: Tamas Dan Mircea , Dohan Daria , Barabasch Jessica , Tamas Alexandra , Schleder Zsolt , Krezsek Csaba , Urai Janos L.
Published: November 2024

Salt, pivotal in societal evolution and vital in scientific and economic domains, notably in chemical and hydrocarbon industries, gains relevance amid the climate crisis. As the shift from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources becomes imperative, salt deposits can advance the energy transition, notably by large-scale hydrogen storage in solution-mined caverns. Other promising applications include carbon capture utilization and storage, and geothermal energy. Due to its potential role in energy transition and the required novel geotechnical solutions, research focusing on salt's contribution remains an emerging field.

The Transylvanian Basin (Romania), provides opportunities for comprehensive multiscale observations, including surface and subsurface data, offering insights into salt deformation. While studies on salt tectonics in the basin exist, it is generally understudied and the focus on energy transition applications is sparse.

This paper aims to review the current state of salt tectonics in the Transylvanian Basin, emphasizing internal deformation complexities, impurity distributions and potential implications for energy transition industries. By shedding light on this significant yet underexplored aspect, this work seeks to stimulate further research interest and prompt comprehensive investigations into salt-related energy transition applications.
Transhuman Communication: Human Augmentation Technologies through Co-Speculation Workshops
Authors: Genç Çağlar , Spors Velvet , Buruk Oğuz 'Oz' , Thibault Mattia , Masek Leland , Hamari Juho
Published: November 2024

The advancement of human-computer integration as a research field promises to introduce transhumanistic ways of communicating through the enhanced abilities of augmented humans. Our work seeks to illuminate this experiential landscape, exploring a diverse set of human augmentation technologies (HATs) for communication purposes. We investigated this topic through four co-speculation workshops focusing on physical, cognitive, sensory and emotional augmentations with 35 participants. Through a reflexive thematic analysis of the workshop data, we outlined eight HAT speculations for transhuman communication, grouped into four overarching augmentation clusters: (1) Bodily Changes in/for Communication, (2) Communication with Transferrable and Collective Beings, (3) Communication through Emotion and Memory, and (4) Communication with Augmented/Altered Perception. By serving as a foundation for discussions on transhumanism and communication in CSCW and beyond, these speculations contribute to a design space highlighting design opportunities and challenges to developing and researching near-future communication technologies.
The Working Jobless: Unemployment as Work
Authors: Ammitzbøll Flügge Asbjørn , Korsgaard Henrik , Bødker Susanne
Published: November 2024

Being unemployed is, by definition, someone without a job, but is it somebody without work? This paper presents an empirical study of unemployed job seekers and the work they do in connection with upholding their everyday life, job search, technology use, and the necessary connections with the public unemployment office (job center). Within the country where the research is conducted, the activities of the unemployed involve balancing formal legal requirements and procedures (to secure unemployment benefits, etc.) with informal navigation of the rules and regulations, networks and activities directed towards employment. The activities are mediated by digital platforms, e.g. job search, accountability, documentation, and, as a consequence, job seekers largely have to depend on their technologies and experiences to manage these processes. We present a study of interviews with job seekers (n=10) with an average age of 60, and two Participatory Design workshops with a total of 15 participants. Our analysis shows that the unemployed carry out work towards fulfilling formal requirements posed by the unemployment office, as well as setting up their daily, computer-supported routines, and a significant amount of unrecognized hidden work navigating rules, status and informal networks.
Exploring Activity-Sharing Response Differences Between Broad-Purpose and Dedicated Online Social Platforms
Authors: Wang Dennis , Eng Jocelyn , Turpitka Mykyta , Epstein Daniel A.
Published: November 2024

People often leverage multiple platforms to share activities they undertake in their lives, from music listening to eating. Broad-purpose platforms, which people use to share a wide variety of activities with a diverse audience, and dedicated platforms, which often focus on tracking and sharing a specific activity with connections with similar interests, both help individuals seeking social benefits from sharing their activity. Researchers designing systems for activity sharing have often reflected on whether to support sharing on dedicated or broad-purpose platforms, suggesting a need to better understand their relative utility. We collected and compared the responses received between 700,000 pairs of activity-sharing posts on four sets of broad-purpose and dedicated platforms across two domains: physical activity (Strava, MapMyRun) and creativity (Dribbble, Behance). Results showed that dedicated platforms were more likely to receive responses (likes and comments), and comments were more likely to be encouraging and refer to specific qualities of the activities being shared. We reflect on the tradeoff between sheer audience volume and likelihood of response, and discuss how to design prompts and templates into sharing features which better align with the norms of respective platforms.
Reimagining Communities through Transnational Bengali Decolonial Discourse with YouTube Content Creators
Authors: Das Dipto , Gandhi Dhwani , Semaan Bryan
Published: November 2024

Colonialism--the policies and practices wherein a foreign body imposes its ways of life on local communities--has historically impacted how collectives perceive themselves in relation to others. One way colonialism has impacted how people see themselves is through nationalism, where nationalism is often understood through shared language, culture, religion, and geopolitical borders. The way colonialism has shaped people's experiences with nationalism has shaped historical conflicts between members of different nation-states for a long time. While recent social computing research has studied how colonially marginalized people can engage in discourse to decolonize or re-imagine and reclaim themselves and their communities on their own terms--what is less understood is how technology can better support decolonial discourses in an effort to re-imagine nationalism. To understand this phenomenon, this research draws on a semi-structured interview study with YouTubers who make videos about culturally Bengali people whose lives were upended as a product of colonization and are now dispersed across Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. This research seeks to understand people's motivations and strategies for engaging in video-mediated decolonial discourse in transnational contexts. We discuss how our work demonstrates the potential of the sociomateriality of decolonial discourse online and extends an invitation to foreground complexities of nationalism in social computing research.
"Guilds" as Worker Empowerment and Control in a Chinese Data Work Platform
Authors: Yang Tianling , Miceli Milagros
Published: November 2024

Data work plays a fundamental role in the development of algorithmic systems and the AI industry. It is often performed in business process outsourcing (BPO) companies and crowdsourcing platforms, involving a global and distributed workforce as well as networks of collaborative actors. Previous work on community building among data workers centers organization and mutual support or focuses on the structuring and instrumentalization of crowdworker groups for complicated projects. We add to these lines of research by focusing on a specific form of community building encouraged and facilitated by platforms in China: guilds. Based on ethnographic work on a Chinese crowdsourcing platform and 14 semi-structured interviews with data workers, our findings show that guilds are a form of both worker empowerment and control. With this work, we add a nuanced empirical case to the interconnection of BPOs, online communities and crowdsourcing platforms in the current data production sector in China, thus expanding previous investigations on global perspectives of data production. We discuss guilds in relation to individual workers and highlight their effects on data work, including efficient coordination, enhanced standardization, and flattened power structure.
Security and Privacy Perspectives of People Living in Shared Home Environments
Authors: Pattnaik Nandita , Li Shujun , Nurse Jason R.C.
Published: November 2024

Security and privacy (S&P) perspectives of people in a multi-user home are a growing area of research, with many researchers reflecting on the complicated power imbalance and challenging access control issues of the devices involved. However, these studies primarily focused on the multi-user scenarios in traditional family home settings, leaving other types of multi-user home environments, such as homes shared by co-habitants without a familial relationship, under-studied. This paper closes this research gap via quantitative and qualitative analysis of results from an online survey and qualitative content analysis of sampled online posts on Reddit. The study explores the complex roles of shared home users, which depend on various factors unique to the shared home environment, e.g., who owns what home devices, how home devices are used by multiple users, and more complicated relationships between the landlord and people in the shared home and among co-habitants. Half (50.7%) of our survey participants thought that devices in a shared home are less secure than in a traditional family home. This perception was found statistically significantly associated with factors such as the fear of devices being tampered with in their absence and (lack of) trust in other co-habitants and their visitors. We observed cyber-physical threats being a prominent topic discussed in Reddit posts. Our study revealed new user types and user relationships in a multi-user environment such as
ExternalPrimary-InternalPrimary
while analysing the landlord and shared home resident relationship with regard to shared home device use. Based on the results of the online survey and the Reddit data, we propose a threat actor model for shared home environments, which has a focus on possible malicious behaviours of current and past co-habitants of a shared home, as a special type of insider threat in a home environment. We also recommend further research to understand the complex roles co-habitants can play in navigating and adapting to a shared home environment's security and privacy landscape.
Evaluating What Others Say: The Effect of Accuracy Assessment in Shaping Mental Models of AI Systems
Authors: Do Hyo Jin , Brachman Michelle , Dugan Casey , Pan Qian , Rai Priyanshu , Johnson James M. , Thawani Roshni
Published: November 2024

Forming accurate mental models that align with the actual behavior of an AI system is critical for successful user experience and interactions. One way to develop mental models is through information shared by other users. However, this social information can be inaccurate and there is a lack of research examining whether inaccurate social information influences the development of accurate mental models. To address this gap, our study investigates the impact of social information accuracy on mental models, as well as whether prompting users to validate the social information can mitigate the impact. We conducted a between-subject experiment with 39 crowdworkers where each participant interacted with our AI system that automates a workflow given a natural language sentence. We compared participants' mental models between those exposed to social information of how the AI system worked, both correct and incorrect, versus those who formed mental models through their own usage of the system. Specifically, we designed three experimental conditions: 1) validation condition that presented the social information followed by an opportunity to validate its accuracy through testing example utterances, 2) social information condition that presented the social information only, without the validation opportunity, and 3) control condition that allowed users to interact with the system without any social information. Our results revealed that the inclusion of the validation process had a positive impact on the development of accurate mental models, especially around the knowledge distribution aspect of mental models. Furthermore, participants were more willing to share comments with others when they had the chance to validate the social information. The impact of inaccurate social information on altering user mental models was found to be non-significant, while 69.23% of participants incorrectly judged the social information accuracy at least once. We discuss the implications of these findings for designing tools that support the validation of social information and thereby improve human-AI interactions.
Supporting Hard Conversations in Close Relationships Through Design
Authors: Baughan Amanda , Tian Larry , Shekar Pranav , Zhang Amy , Hiniker Alexis
Published: November 2024

Relationships are perhaps the single greatest source of human happiness, and as part of building strong relationships, conflict and hard conversations are unavoidable. As people increasingly rely on digital communication to initiate and resolve conflicts, we examine how design can improve the experience of working through hard conversations within close relationships. We interviewed six psychotherapists and twenty-one social media users to understand both theoretical best practices for navigating conflict and users' experiences with hard conversations online, particularly on text-based messaging platforms. We used our findings to create a temporal model of how digital design could intervene to support users and their relationships during these conversations. Specifically, we find that design can help to facilitate more mutually consensual difficult conversations, support emotional regulation during the conversation, and help facilitate pauses when necessary. We explore the tensions between balancing the needs of relationships and the individuals in them in digital design, and how to center relationships in digital design.
Does Who You Are or Appear to Be Matter?: Understanding Identity-Based Harassment in Social VR Through the Lens of (Mis)Perceived Identity Revelation
Authors: Schulenberg Kelsea , Freeman Guo , Li Lingyuan , Knijnenburg Bart Piet
Published: November 2024

The popularity of social virtual reality (VR) platforms such as VRChat has led to growing concerns about new and more severe forms of online harassment targeting one's identity characteristics (i.e.,
identity-based harassment
). Social VR users with marginalized identities (e.g., women, LGBTQIA+ individuals, and racial/ethnic minorities) have been reported as particularly vulnerable to such harassment. This is mainly because social VR can make one's offline identity known to others (i.e., what we term
identity revelation
in this work) through a unique combination of avatar design, voice use, and immersive full- or partial-body tracking. To address these safety concerns, there is an urgent need to unpack the complex dynamics surrounding how one's offline identity is (mis)perceived by others, and how these (mis)perceptions may affect identity-based harassment in social VR. This study thus utilizes a large-scale survey with 223 social VR users across six continents/regions of the world with varying social VR experiences and identities to investigate (1) the relationship between identity-based harassment in social VR and (mis)perceptions of selective identity revelation practices, (2) how embodying one's identity in social VR might actually be less risky than once thought, and (3) how who you are does still matter when it comes to identity-based harassment in social VR. It also highlights the need to better account for understudied aspects of identity-based harassment in social VR and to better educate social VR users on the interplay between harassment and (mis)perceived identity revelation in these spaces.
Chillbot: Content Moderation in the Backchannel
Authors: Seering Joseph , Khadka Manas , Haghighi Nava , Yang Tanya , Xi Zachary , Bernstein Michael
Published: November 2024

Moderating online spaces effectively is not a matter of simply taking down content: moderators also provide private feedback and defuse situations before they cross the line into harm. However, moderators have little tool support for these activities, which often occur in the backchannel rather than in front of the entire community. In this paper, we introduce Chillbot, a moderation tool for Discord designed to facilitate backchanneling from moderators to users. With Chillbot, moderators gain the ability to send rapid anonymous feedback responses to situations where removal or formal punishment is too heavy-handed to be appropriate, helping educate users about how to improve their behavior while avoiding direct confrontations that can put moderators at risk. We evaluated Chillbot through a two week field deployment on eleven Discord servers ranging in size from 25 to over 240,000 members. Moderators in these communities used Chillbot more than four hundred times during the study, and moderators from six of the eleven servers continued using the tool past the end of the formal study period. Based on this deployment, we describe implications for the design of a broader variety of means by which moderation tools can help shape communities' norms and behavior.
"Let's embark on a joint health journey" - How Boundary Negotiating Artifacts Influence Patients' Psychological Ownership in Chronic Care
Authors: Staehelin Dario , Dolata Mateusz , Rosch Sandra , Färber Andri , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: November 2024

CSCW and HCI research has a standing discourse on boundary negotiating artifacts and psychological ownership. Both concepts are attributed the potential to address the spreading chronic disease pandemic and rising healthcare costs. While CSCW has attended only to boundary negotiating artifacts to study patient-provider collaboration, the psychological ownership discourse primarily focuses on the perception of ownership over digital objects. Despite studies in both discourses reporting promising results, the concepts have been studied separately. Accordingly, the ways boundary negotiating artifacts relate to psychological ownership in healthcare interactions remain unclear. In this research-through-design study, we evaluate the Digital Companion as a technology-based boundary negotiating artifact. Our field study with 27 patients shows how the Digital Companion fosters psychological ownership in weight management by bridging domains and closing the loop between patient self-management and medical support in consultations. By understanding how boundary negotiating artifacts foster psychological ownership, we gain deeper insights into how patients assume and share ownership of their therapy plans. Our analysis uncovers the emergence of perceived shared ownership as BNAs create concordance between patients and physicians.
Safer Algorithmically-Mediated Offline Introductions: Harms and Protective Behaviors
Authors: Rivera Veronica A. , Wilkinson Daricia , Augusta Aurelia , Li Sophie , Redmiles Elissa M. , Strohmayer Angelika
Published: November 2024

People are increasingly introduced to each other
offline
thanks to
online
platforms that make algorithmically-mediated introductions between their users. Such platforms include dating apps (e.g., Tinder) and in-person gig work websites (e.g., TaskRabbit, Care.com). Protecting the users of these online-offline systems requires answering calls from prior work to consider 'post-digital' orientations of safety: shifting from traditional technological security thinking to consider algorithm-driven consequences that emerge throughout online and offline contexts rather than solely acknowledging online threats. To support post-digital safety in platforms that make algorithmically-mediated offline introductions (AMOIs), we apply a mixed-methods approach to identify the core harms that AMOI users experience, the protective safety behaviors they employ, and the prevalence of those behaviors. First, we systematically review existing work (n=93), synthesizing the harms that threaten AMOIs and the protective behaviors people employ to combat these harms. Second, we validate prior work and fill gaps left by primarily qualitative inquiry through a survey of respondents' definitions of safety in AMOI and the prevalence and implementation of their protective behaviors. We focus on two exemplar populations who engage in AMOIs: online daters (n=476) and in-person gig workers (n=451). We draw on our systematization and prevalence data to identify several directions for designers and researchers to reimagine defensive tools to support safety in AMOIs.
Classifying Technologies during the Assessment, Treatment Planning, Documentation and Evaluation Phases of Music Therapy: A Survey of Board-Certified Practitioners
Authors: Osorio Torres John , Shojaei Fereshtehossadat , Shih Patrick C.
Published: November 2024

Music therapists (MT-BCs) use diverse technologies to provide evidence-based personalized interventions to a wide variety of people. Most studies on the technological practices of MT-BCs report a general overview of the tools they use in their daily work. This study offers an new way of understanding technologies used by MT-BCs, classified and situated in the phases of music therapy (MT) practice: Assessment, Treatment Planning, In-Session, Documentation and Evaluation. An online survey was sent to a mailing list of 1,951 board-certified music therapists (MT-BC), and we received 104 responses. Results support distinct functions in technological practices between each of the phases of MT, revealing categories of notetaking and data entry that characterize planning, documentation and evaluation tasks, and a wider diversity of technology configurations in assessment and in-session work. We end by discussing design implications for HCI researchers and designers of music technologies for health, as well as HCI-MT design collaboration to better support the work of the MT-BC community.
Human-centered NLP Fact-checking: Co-Designing with Fact-checkers using Matchmaking for AI
Authors: Liu Houjiang , Das Anubrata , Boltz Alexander , Zhou Didi , Pinaroc Daisy , Lease Matthew , Lee Min Kyung
Published: November 2024

While many Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques have been proposed for fact-checking, both academic research and fact-checking organizations report limited adoption of such NLP work due to poor alignment with fact-checker practices, values, and needs. To address this, we investigate a co-design method,
Matchmaking for AI,
to enable fact-checkers, designers, and NLP researchers to collaboratively identify what fact-checker needs should be addressed by technology, and to brainstorm ideas for potential solutions. Co-design sessions we conducted with 22 professional fact-checkers yielded a set of 11 design ideas that offer a "north star'', integrating fact-checker criteria into novel NLP design concepts. These concepts range from pre-bunking misinformation, efficient and personalized monitoring misinformation, proactively reducing fact-checker potential biases, and collaborative writing fact-check reports. Our work provides new insights into both human-centered fact-checking research and practice and AI co-design research.
Verbal vs. Visual: How Humans Perceive and Collaborate with AI Teammates Using Different Communication Modalities in Various Human-AI Team Compositions
Authors: Zhang Rui , Duan Wen , Flathmann Christopher , McNeese Nathan , Knijnenburg Bart , Freeman Guo
Published: November 2024

As AI becomes more advanced in natural language processing, the research on AI's communication in teaming environments is getting more attention in CSCW/HCI. Even though AI's communication serves as an essential part of facilitating team coordination and shaping team outcomes, the impact of AI's communication modality on human-AI teamwork is still understudied. Using a mixed-design experiment and follow-up group interviews with 100 participants, we investigate the impact of AI's communication modality, one of AI's most essential communication characteristics, on team coordination and team outcomes in two different human-AI team compositions, human-human-AI teams, and human-AI-AI teams. Our findings highlight the trade-offs between AI's verbal communication and visual communication, which inspire two design recommendations on how to apply AI's verbal and visual communication to support human-AI coordination effectively. Our study generates an initial understanding of the role that AI's communication will have in ensuring team effectiveness in human-AI teams in the CSCW/HCI field.
Forming Shared Interest Pods: Barriers to Self-Assembly of Interest-Based Small Groups, and Dynamics of Retaining and Giving up Control to Find Collective Fit
Authors: Palea Dustin , Guo Ana , Nair Atira , Anderson Ryan , Charagulla Nisha , Su Norman Makoto , Lee David T.
Published: November 2024

We explore the challenges individuals face when seeking like-minded partners to pursue shared interests in small groups, specifically outside the workplace, classroom, or other externally organized contexts. Conducting nine 90-minute semi-structured interviews involving a hypothetical small group formation process, we found four compounding challenges that make it difficult to form and maintain stable groups. In contrast to other kinds of small groups discussed in the literature, the unique "combination" of these challenges bring into focus a class of interest-based small groups we term "
shared interest pods
": self-assembled small groups united by shared interests, whose members derive benefits from sustained, synchronous interactions that hinge on the level of fit among them. The need to discover and maintain collective fit, the considerable commitment required for regular interactions, their small size, and the lack of external enforcement, makes shared interest pods fragile and unstable, and an information-rich site for studying dynamics of self-organized consensus-seeking in underexplored areas of Lee and Paine's Model of Coordinated Action, and for considering the tension between supporting personal agency through organic group formation and optimizing stability through algorithmic assignments. A central finding is how dynamics of maintaining and giving up control co-exist in shared interest pods in their search for collective fit. People seek to maintain control over certain aspects of finding fit (e.g. in determining group membership), but are simultaneously willing to give up control to organizers or algorithms under certain conditions (e.g. when balancing desired quality with social and ethical considerations). We discuss design implications for supporting the formation of shared interest pods, and more broadly, for exploring self-organized consensus-seeking in other societal collective decision-making contexts.