bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Delaunay Surfaces with Applications in Capillary Surfaces
Authors: Perera Binuri , Paragoda Thanuja , Dharmasena Dayal
Published: December 2022

In this paper we survey Delaunay surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ spanning two coaxial circles which appear as capillary surfaces supported on different solid supports in the absence of gravity. We classify these surfaces based on contact angles and the geometry of the support. Numerical solutions of the Euler Lagrange equation are provided using numerical methods.
Comprehensive re-analysis of hairpin small RNAs in fungi reveals loci with conserved links
Authors: Johnson Nathan R , Larrondo Luis F , Álvarez José M , Vidal Elena A
Published: December 2022

RNA interference is an ancient mechanism with many regulatory roles in eukaryotic genomes, with small RNAs acting as their functional element. While there is a wide array of classes of small-RNA-producing loci, those resulting from stem-loop structures (hairpins) have received profuse attention. Such is the case of microRNAs (miRNAs), which have distinct roles in plants and animals. Fungi also produce small RNAs, and several publications have identified miRNAs and miRNA-like (mi/milRNA) hairpin RNAs in diverse fungal species using deep sequencing technologies. Despite this relevant source of information, relatively little is known about mi/milRNA features in fungi, mostly due to a lack of established criteria for their annotation. To systematically assess mi/milRNA characteristics and annotation confidence, we searched for publications describing mi/milRNA loci and re-assessed the annotations for 41 fungal species. We extracted and normalized the annotation data for 1727 reported mi/milRNA loci and determined their abundance profiles, concluding that less than half of the reported loci passed basic standards used for hairpin RNA discovery. We found that fungal mi/milRNA are generally more similar in size to animal miRNAs and were frequently associated with protein-coding genes. The compiled genomic analyses identified 25 mi/milRNA loci conserved in multiple species. Our pipeline allowed us to build a general hierarchy of locus quality, identifying more than 150 loci with high-quality annotations. We provide a centralized annotation of identified mi/milRNA hairpin RNAs in fungi which will serve as a resource for future research and advance in understanding the characteristics and functions of mi/milRNAs in fungal organisms.
A Novel Pathogenic Variant of COL4A1 Gene in a Patient with Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Rafiee Komachali Sajad , Varnamkhasti Khalil Khashei , Mousavi Seyyed Reza , Salimi Farzaneh , Salehi Mansoor
Published: December 2022

Background: Neuropathies a result of damage to the peripheral nerves are a heterogeneous group of diseases which may occur due to underlying genetic abnormalities. Exciting capabilities of the whole exome sequencing to detect disorders at the level of genome, especially in heterogeneous disorder groups, made it easy to determine which of the genetic variation disease causing in an individual patient. This paper reports a novel COL4A1 gene variation that was found in a case with para-clinical diagnosis of neuropathy, following molecular analysis. Case presentation: We report a 54 year-old man from the Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences admitted to genome genetic center with para-clinical diagnosis of neuropathy based on electromyography. Further molecular analysis of patient genomic DNA using whole exome sequencing, revealed a heterozygous COL4A1 pathogenic variant NM_001303110: c.A1G: p.M1V. The result verified by Sanger Sequencing.
What Do School Principals Think about Refugee Students? Experienced Problems and Possible Solutions
Authors: Yavaş Tuba
Published: December 2022

This research is a qualitative case study that examines the problems experienced by school principals in the Reyhanli district of Hatay Province in the education of Syrian students and their possible solutions. The sample of the research consists of the principals of 12 schools with the highest number of Syrian students in the Reyhanli district of Hatay Province, using the criterion sampling technique. The data related to the research were obtained from the answers given to the questions prepared by the researcher. The data were subjected to content analysis and results were obtained under two main headings (Problems Experienced with Syrian Students in Secondary Schools and Solution Suggestions for Syrian Students’ Problems) and 4 themes (communicative, disciplinary, psychological and sociological). According to the results obtained, school principals stated that they had problems in communication (specifically, the language problem) and discipline, student and parents’ adaptation to school, and identity information confusion in the e-school in the schools where they work. School principals stated that these problems stemmed from the deteriorated population structure in Reyhanli, and for this reason, reducing the Syrian population in Reyhanli by evenly distributing it to other provinces and districts may be the solution. They suggested that it would be beneficial to increase the number of Turkish courses, the number of Turkish lessons and at the same time cultural adaptation activities to solve the language problem. In the sociological dimension, a proposal was made for the integration of e-school with the population directorate.
Academic Literacy Skills of Instructors Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language
Authors: Boylu Emrah , Çevi̇k Arzu
Published: December 2022

Academic literacy covers reading, understanding, and evaluating academic studies that form the basis of science. It is one of the essential qualifications of the 21st century. In the education and training process, teachers are expected to have this skill in particular because teachers with academic qualifications integrate academic literacy skills with their professions according to the necessities of the time to improve themselves and present this to the learners during the teaching process. In this context, this study aims to determine Turkish instructors’ academic competence levels and examine them according to different variables. In the research using the survey model, «The Academic Literacy Scale» prepared by Demir and Deniz (2020) was used as a data collection tool. This scale, which consists of three factors: academic disposition, research process, and information use, consists of 28 items in total. The study determined that academic literacy skills were at a “high” level when the average score of the Turkish instructors from the overall scale was taken into account. When the academic literacy skills of Turkish instructors were examined in terms of various variables, no significant difference was found with the gender variable in the scale. Another divergence was found between the educational status variable and all the sub-dimensions of the scale, like research process, information use, and academic tendency. In addition, the graduated department variable differs with the research process and information use dimensions of the scale. There is also a significant difference between the variable of receiving education to increase academic literacy skills and the research process sub-dimension of the scale. Last but not least, a considerable distinction was discovered between all scale sub-dimensions and the overall scale in relation to the status of having knowledge of scientific research methodologies and having published academic work.
A Bibliometric Study on Postgraduate Theses in Turkey Investigating the Turkish Vocabulary
Authors: Uluocak Mustafa , Eroğlu Süleyman , Alabay Sercan
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyze and evaluate postgraduate theses on Turkish vocabulary in terms of bibliometric parameters. For this purpose, to create the corpus of the study, the theses in the database of the Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center (YÖKTEZ) were accessed by selecting the “Education and Training” category and the “Turkish Education Department” filtering and using the “vocabulary” keyword. As a result of the scanning, 103 master’s and 18 doctoral theses on vocabulary were reached. In the study, bibliometric analysis was used as a data analysis technique. Theses within the scope of the research were subjected to bibliometric analysis in terms of parameters such as academic level, publication year, university, institute, supervisor, research method, research design, data collection tools, data analysis, content, and purposes. As a result, there has been a significant increase in the number of postgraduate theses on vocabulary in Turkish in recent years, and theses were mostly submitted to Inönü, Gazi, and Marmara Universities, respectively. In addition, most of the theses in the Institute of Education Sciences, MA level and supervised by academics with the title of assistant professor. In addition to this, in postgraduate theses on the vocabulary of Turkish, it is seen that the qualitative research method was used as a research method, descriptive analysis was used as a research design, document analysis was used as a data collection tool, and content analysis was used as a data analysis method mostly. Finally, it is noteworthy that in the identified theses, literary works and the vocabulary of different literary genres are examined from various perspectives. It is thought that the study will contribute to the studies and researchers in the domain of Turkish vocabulary.
Metaphorical Perceptions of Generation Z Music Education Students on the Concept of their Ideal Music Teacher
Authors: Ömür Özlem
Published: December 2022

This research aims to reveal the perceptions of Generation Z music education students regarding the concept of music teachers in their ideals, through metaphors. The research was conducted with 92 Generation Z students studying in the music education departments of different universities in Turkey. The data was collected by having the students complete the sentence, “My ideal music teacher is like…because…”. The answers given were subjected to content analysis and the metaphors that the students produced for the concept were determined. Students produced 50 valid metaphors. These metaphors were grouped under five different categories. The categories determined in line with the metaphors produced by Generation Z music education students were listed from the most given metaphors to the least. As a result of the ranking, it was revealed that the students perceived their ideal music teacher as enlightening-directing and guiding, helpful and informative, loving-nurturing and supportive, necessary and reassuring, and a source of change and happiness. In line with the findings, it was concluded that Generation Z music education students idealized a music teacher who would enlighten and guide them rather than a teacher who conveyed information.
Primary School Teachers’ Music Course Competencies on the Axis of the Teachers’ Perspectives and the Curriculum
Authors: Ünver Ruveyda Sultan , Önel Yarin , Altıntaş Dilara , Sonsel Ömer Bilgehan
Published: December 2022

In this study, it was aimed to determine the proficiency of primary school teachers in music courses. The case study model, which is among the qualitative research methods, was used in this research. In the process of collecting data; the expected teacher competencies in the primary school 1,2,3 and 4th grade music textbooks and the competencies gained in the music teaching course of the Higher Education Council 2018 primary school teaching undergraduate program were specified and compared. Within the scope of this research, interviews were conducted with eight music education experts who previously delivered music lessons in the primary school teaching department and the results of the interviews were analyzed. As a result of the research, it has been determined that 22 different competencies are expected for a primary school teacher to be able to conduct music lessons at all levels of primary schools, but the competencies by the undergraduate program do not provide the six of expected competencies. As a result of expert opinions, it was concluded that most of the expected competencies cannot be gained in a one-semester course period and accordingly a qualified education is not possible. The data obtained from the research were exhibited under the relevant headings and in the light of these results, suggestions were made regarding the current situation and the future of music education.
University Students’ Attitudes towards Perceived Family Support in Individual Musical Instrument Education
Authors: Özden Berrin , Özdemir Selin
Published: December 2022

Education promotes mental, physical and emotional development of individuals. In particular, music education has a great impact on an individual’s personal development in terms of self-recognition and self-actualization of the individual. One of the most significant factors in the development of the individual is their family. The family support is crucial in terms of education as well as in all aspects of life. This study is aimed to determine university students’ attitudes towards perceived family support in individual musical instrument education and to analyze the differences in family support in this context. A set of different variables for the perceived family support in individual instrument education of the university students studying in music education undergraduate programs were examined in the study. Three different variables were identified, including gender, undergraduate level and university where the students receive education. This descriptive study is based on a correlational survey model. The study sample consists of 216 students studying in music education programs in 2021-2022 academic year. 120 (55.6 %) of the students are female while 96 (44.4 %) of them are male. When the perceived family support of music education students in terms of instrument education was examined, it was concluded that there was no significant relationship between the gender of the students in the dimensions of the families’ valuing instrument education and their involvement in the process. However, there was no significant relationship in the dimension of the families’ valuing instrument education while there was a significant relationship in their involvement in the process. Considering the perceived family support of the students studying in the music education program in terms of instrument education, the responses of the students indicated a positive relationship.
LanguageEffect of Mind Mapping Technique on Learning Success in Teaching Substantive Verbs in Turkish Language Education
Authors: Topal Semih , Çifci Musa
Published: December 2022

In the current study, the effect of mind map technique on the teaching success of substantive verbs is researched. To this end, pretest, post-test paired control group design was used. The study group of the study consisted of 48 students in 7/A and 7/B classes in a secondary school affiliatedto the Directorate of National Education in the Province of Balıkesir. In the research, a pretest was applied to evaluate the level of knowledge on the acquisition of “S/he uses substantive verbs in accordance with their functions”. Following the pretest application, mind map technique regarding the above- mentioned acquisitions in line with daily plans was administered in the experimental group; however, four weeks of practice was applied through the activities in the textbook using the lecturing method and, then, post-test was administered to determine the learning level. After 21 days from the post-test, permanence test was applied. Based on the research findings,to what extent the above- mentioned technique contributed to the teaching of substantive verbs was intended to be revealed. Mann- Whitney U Test was utilized to analyse the pretest scores of experimental and control groups; Dependent Variables T Test to analyse pretest, post-test scores of experimental group and Wilcoxon Signed- Rank Test to analyse the difference between pretest and post-test scores of the control group. Furthermore, Mann- Whitney U Test was used to analyse the difference between post-test scores of the experimental and control groups; dependent Variables T Test to analyse the post-test scores of experimental group and permanency test scores and Wilcoxon Signed- Rank Test to analyse the post-test scores of the control group and permanency test scores. The results showed that the use of mind map technique contributed to the student achievement, learning permanence, and the teaching of substantive verbs. It has been thought that the inclusion of this technique in the lessons by Turkish language teachers will increase the success of the course and the learning permanence. From a wider perspective, it will contribute positively to student’s literacy skills.
Symptomatic COVID-19 Positive Parturients Posted for Lower Segment Caesarean Section
Authors: Jisha M , David M Mohan
Published: December 2022

Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic many elective cases were postponed worldwide. But emergency Lower Segment Caesarean Sections (LSCS) is one surgery which can’t be postponed at any cause since two lives are at risk. This case series reports 16 symptomatic COVID-19 patients in whom emergency LSCS was performed. The aim of presenting the series was to analyse how far the clinical and laboratory findings were deranged in such patients and to find out whether the current anaesthetic techniques were safe in these patients. Out of a total of 157 COVID-19 positive patients who had undergone LSCS in the study, 16 presented with symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnoea, rhinitis, headache and palpitation. Six (37.5%) were preterm. Seven patients had elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (>5 mg/L). Liver function tests abnormalities were seen in five (31.25%). Most of the patients had elevated D-dimer of which (>1500 ng/mL) were seen in seven. The most common indication was foetal distress. COVID pneumonia was an indication for LSCS in three (18.75%). All the surgeries were performed under subarachnoid block. Of the four patients who had fall in oxygen saturation two were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and one required Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV). There were no mortalities. Thus, LSCS can be done safely under subarachnoid block even in symptomatic COVID-19 parturients. Elevation of D-dimer is common in pregnancy and it does not always indicate severe COVID-19 disease.
Possible Effect on the Recovery of Grafted Mango Seedlings Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid
Authors: Sugui Myra Anne D. , Rosales Raymund Julius G.
Published: December 2022

The application of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) of different concentrations (25, 50, and 75 ppm) was applied to grafted mango seedlings to identify its effect on callus formation, callus diameter, shoot emergence, and plant survival. NAA effectively reduced the number of days to callus formation, mainly using 75 ppm. Lower than this concentration exhibited a comparable callus formation, the same as the untreated seedlings. The callus diameter, shoot emergence, and plant survival showed no significant effect by applying NAA, even with how high or low the concentration was. Low and higher than the concentrations used, young scions may be used for further investigation. Likewise, other plant growth regulators should be used to hasten the callus development and higher plant recovery rate in grafted mango seedlings.
The Use of Complete Blood Count as Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Colorectal Cancers in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Parklane Enugu
Authors: Clara N. Soronnadi , Finbarrs-Bello E. , Ugwuene F. O. , Maduka L. , Odurukwe O. , Aneke E. I. , Ajuba M. , Ugwuishi E.
Published: December 2022

Full blood count is a prerequisite investigation requested from all colorectal cancer patients before treatment and during treatment and poor parameters adversely influences the outcome of cancers. This present study investigated the use of Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) as an assessment of inflammation in colorectal cancer subjects. The study comprised of 50 male and female subjects and controls with ages between 21-70 years. A longitudinal study method was used. The samples were collected from apparently healthy individuals as control, pre-treatment at diagnosis and the treatment samples at different stages of the treatment.  Questionnaire used obtained other demographic information. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS PC. Version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, III., USA. Results showed increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio(NLR) and decreased Lymphocyte/Monocyte ratio(LMR) were significantly associated with increased hazard ratio (HR) and decreased OS at p<0.05 while Platelet/Monocyte ratio(PLR) had no significant difference at P>0.05 in Colorectal Cancer. In CBC and ESR, control, pre-treatment and treatment period, RBC parameters and TWBC parameters showed a significant decrease  at p<0.05 in treatment results compared to the pre-treatment and control results while others showed no significant increase at p<0.05 in treatment results compared to pre-treatment results. Treatment RDW and MPV observed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to the control and pre-treatment results.  Age group 31-40 years showed more susceptibility than other age groups with lowest mean±SD in CBC and ESR but with no significant difference at p>0.05.This present study, about 20% of the data supports the concept that biomarkers such as CBC and ESR can be used as a prognostic tool in early detection, treatment and monitoring the disease progression in these subjects.
Heterosis Studies for Grain Yield and Yield Components in Rabi Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.]
Authors: Tambe Snehal A. , Kusalkar D. V. , Shinde G. C. , Jondhale A. S.
Published: December 2022

The present investigation was conducted to assess the magnitude of heterosis of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) developed by crossing four lines and twelve testers (in a line × tester design) to produce 48 F1 cross combinations at the Sorghum Improvement Project, MPKV., Rahuri, Maharashtra. To identify the high-yielding Rabi sorghum hybrids, promising hybrids were sorted out based on positive significant standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. A total of twenty-one hybrids exhibited significant standard heterosis for grain yield per plant. The best cross combination was 104A x RSR 1012 (86.59%) for maximum standard heterosis, followed by the cross 104A X RSR 1019 (73.17%) and 104 A X RSR 1003 (70.73%) for grain yield per plant. Heterosis has been considered a well-proven method for increasing yield and improving traits in crops, and the exploitation of heterosis for the hybrid development programme is considered one of the greatest breakthroughs in plant breeding.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 11 January 1892.
Meeting notes
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Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 13 March 1893.
Meeting notes
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Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 14 March 1898.
Meeting notes
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Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 9 May 1898.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

The Anniversary meeting began with an obituary for John Ritchie Findlay, a prominent member of the Society's Council for many years. New Fellows were then elected and a list of deceased Fellows was read. The Annual report on the number of visitors to the Society's museum and the numbers of donations and purchases for the museum and library, was then presented.

 

Meeting notes for 12 December, 1898 are appended.
Meeting notes
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Meeting notes for 10 April 1899.
Meeting notes
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Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 9 April 1900.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
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Front matter for Volume 34

Table of contents 

List of illustrations

Office-bearers 1899-1900

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland

List of the Fellows November 1900

List of Honorary members November 1900

List of the Lady Associates November 1900

List of Societies, Institutions, &c., Exchanging publications
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 8 April 1901.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

At the Anniversary Meeting the usual Society business was concluded including a report on the visitors to the Society's museum and how the collections expanded over the year. Several of the Society’s Laws were amended, although the Council concluded that there was no need to amend the Laws regarding Fellow election to allow women to be elected as Fellows.

 

Meeting notes for 9 December, 1901 are appended.
Yeast Sec14‐like lipid transfer proteins Pdr16 and Pdr17 bind and transfer the ergosterol precursor lanosterol in addition to phosphatidylinositol
Authors: Šťastný Dominik , Petrisková Lívia , Tahotná Dana , Bauer Jacob , Pokorná Lucia , Holič Roman , Valachovič Martin , Pevala Vladimír , Cockcroft Shamshad , Griač Peter
Published: December 2022

Yeast Sec14‐like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) contain a hydrophobic cavity capable of accepting a single molecule of phosphatidylinositol (PI) or another molecule in a mutually exclusive manner. We report here that two yeast Sec14 family PITPs, Pdr16p (Sfh3p) and Pdr17p (Sfh4p), possess high‐affinity binding and transfer towards lanosterol. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of lanosterol transfer proteins. In addition, a pdr16Δpdr17Δ double mutant had a significantly increased level of cellular lanosterol compared with the corresponding wild‐type. Based on the lipid profiles of wild‐type and pdr16Δpdr17Δ cells grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions, we suggest that PI‐lanosterol transfer proteins are important predominantly for the optimal functioning of the post‐lanosterol part of sterol biosynthesis.
Super‐twisting estimator based velocity‐free robust tracking control of electro‐hydraulic actuators
Authors: Yin Luyue , Yang Xiaowei , Deng Wenxiang , Yao Jianyong
Published: December 2022

This article develops a high‐precision tracking control without velocity measurement for electro‐hydraulic actuators subject to mismatched and matched disturbances. Compared with previous studies, the presented control method is attractive from a practical point of view. First, velocity signal is often approximately derived by numerical differentiation on position signal, nevertheless, accompanied heavy noise will severely deteriorate tracking performance. Thus, to avert using noise‐polluted velocity signal, a third‐order super‐twisting algorithm (STA) is developed to achieve velocity estimation. Second, the STA‐based disturbance estimator is employed to estimate and compensate mismatched and matched disturbances in finite time. Then a composite STA‐based control law is constructed to achieve a velocity‐free high‐performance tracking control, in which an employed modified STA only with an adjustable gain is easier to be performed for practical implementation. The stability analysis reveals the proposed controller is asymptotically stable while existing time‐variant disturbances. Comparative experiment results validate the superiority of the presented method.
Application of Transparent Fluorphlogopite Substrate in Flexible Electromagnetic Devices
Authors: Wang Chao , Guo Pingchun , Jiang Hedong , Li Jiake , Zhu Hua , Sun Jian , Fan Xueyun , Huang Liqun , Wang Yanxiang
Published: December 2022

Flexible electromagnetic devices are an important area of research in the twenty‐first century. Although polymer substrates are the most commonly used transparent flexible substrates, they have certain disadvantages like low‐temperature resistance and a high thermal expansion coefficient, limiting the preparation conditions of flexible devices and diminishing their performance. Herein, the characteristics and research status of inorganic flexible transparent fluorphlogopite are summarized. Herein, the structure, properties, and applications of fluorphlogopite are primarily discussed. Finally, the application of fluorphlogopite in flexible electromagnetic devices is envisioned so as to provide a novel idea for the development of high‐performance flexible electromagnetic devices.
Synthesis of Multilayer Graphene with Controlled C Supply
Authors: Shen Changqing , Zhang Xiaoyi , Stehle Richard C. , Xue Qiang , Wen Qiye , Qing Fangzhu , Li Xuesong
Published: December 2022

Because of the very low C solubility, Cu substrates possess a great advantage in growing the graphene film of monolayer or few layers with well‐developed uniformity. The self‐limited growth manner ensures the growth of nearly pure monolayer graphene, but it prevents the supply of C for the growth of adlayers after the complete growth of the top layer. Herein, a method to continuously supply C from one side of Cu substrate while maintaining sustained growth of multilayer graphene on the other side by separately controlling the atmosphere on two sides is studied. The growth rate and thickness of graphene can be controlled by tuning the oxygen flow and postgrowth time. Multilayer graphene with thickness (t) up to 100 nm is achieved. It demonstrates a potential application in terahertz shielding with a high shielding effectiveness (SE) of 25 dB and accordingly a high SE/t of 2.5 × 105 dB/mm. The study contributes to the controllable growth of graphene films in terms of layer numbers and can be scaled up to large‐area growth through the appropriate design of equipment.
Effect of Combined Grinding–Burnishing Process on Surface Integrity, Tribological, and Corrosion Performance of Laser‐Clad Stellite 21 Alloys
Authors: Uddin Mohammad , Santifoller Remi , Hall Colin , Schlaefer Thomas
Published: December 2022

Herein, the influence of the grinding–burnishing on surface integrity, mechanical properties, and corrosion performance of Stellite 21 alloys coating deposited by laser cladding is investigated. The as‐clad specimens are first ground followed by further modification by ball burnishing at forces of 424 N and 509 N. Results show that the grinding–burnishing enhances surface finish by lowering Ra from 2.6 to 0.73 μm and Rz from 13 to 4.9 μm, respectively. Surface porosity is found to decrease from 3.8% to 0.9%. Hardness is increased from 609 HV to 702 HV, with a surface alteration as deep as 250 μm, while wear resistance increases by reducing worn volume from 4.15 to 2.95 mm3. Because of high hardness, the grinding–burnishing increases impact resistance by lowering indent depth by 20%. Grains flatten and surface undulations are remarkably reduced due to burnishing. Finally, grinding–burnishing at 509 N improves the corrosion resistance by increasing positive corrosion potential from −0.41 to −0.14 V and lowering corrosion current density from 6.34 × 10−4 A cm−2 to 2.19 × 10−5 A cm−2, as compared to grinding. This synergistic grinding–burnishing can be a plausible post‐treatment route for the laser‐clad alloys.
Superslippery Long‐Chain Entangled Polydimethylsiloxane Gel with Sustainable Self‐Replenishment
Authors: Park Gyu Do , Jang Hyejin , Jeong Hoon Eui , Lee Sang Joon
Published: December 2022

Inspired by mucus‐secreting organisms, biomimetic slippery surfaces have been studied in various engineering fields. The liquid‐infused polymer surface (LIPS) has received considerable interest because of its ability to store lubricants inside the polymer itself, facile fabrication, and high scalability. However, the conventional LIPS easily loses its slippery property owing to its inability to secrete lubricants to the surface. In this study, a long‐chain entangled polydimethylsiloxane (LEP) gel is proposed as a superslippery functional surface with sustainable self‐replenishment. The developed LEP gel has large lubricant storage spaces and exhibits an extremely low sliding angle close to 0° because of the low‐viscosity oil layer formed on the surface. In addition, although conventional LIPSs easily undergo lubricant drought on their surfaces, the proposed LEP gel continuously secretes low‐viscosity oil to the surface. The LEP gel with a superslippery surface shows nearly perfect antifouling performance and reduces 99.97% of bacteria compared with pure polydimethylsiloxane surface. It maintains slippery performance without deterioration even after exposure to harsh conditions, such as high‐pressure and high‐speed shear flow. The outstanding slippery performance of the proposed LEP gel would be usefully utilized in various engineering fields after further improvement in the future.
Creating Atomic Ordering in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lin Chao , Jiang Zheng , Zhao Tiejun , Li Xiaopeng , Luo Wei , Lee Jung‐Ho
Published: December 2022

Catalysis always proceeds in a chaotic fashion. Therefore, identifying the working principles of heterogeneous catalysts is a challenging task. Creating atomic order in heterogeneous catalysts simplifies this task and also offers new opportunities for rationally designing active sites to manipulate catalytic performance. The recent rapid advances in heterogeneous electrocatalysis have led to exciting progress in the construction of atomically ordered materials. Here, the latest progress in electrocatalysts with the periodic atomic arrangement, including intermetallic compounds with long‐range order and metal atom‐array catalysts with short‐range order is summarized. The synthesis principles and the intriguing physical and chemical properties of these electrocatalysts are discussed. Furthermore, the compelling prospects of atomically ordered catalysts in the frontier of catalyst research are outlined.
Tuning the Color of Photonic Glass Pigments by Thermal Annealing
Authors: Wang Zhen , Li Ruiting , Zhang Yating , Chan Chun Lam Clement , Haataja Johannes S. , Yu Kui , Parker Richard M. , Vignolini Silvia
Published: December 2022

Thermal or solvent annealing is commonly employed to enhance phase separation and remove defects in block copolymer (BCP) films, leading to well‐resolved nanostructures. Annealing is of particular importance for photonic BCP materials, where large, well‐ordered lamellar domains are required to generate strong reflections at visible wavelengths. However, such strategies have not been considered for porous BCP systems, such as inverse photonic glasses, where the structure (and thus the optical response) is no longer defined solely by the chemical compatibility of the blocks, but by the size and arrangement of voids within the BCP matrix. In this study, a demonstration of how the concept of “thermal annealing” can be applied to bottlebrush block copolymer (BBCP) microparticles with a photonic glass architecture is presented, enabling their coloration to be tuned from blue to red. By comparing biocompatible BBCPs with similar composition, but different thermal behavior, it is shown that this process is driven by both a temperature‐induced softening of the BBCP matrix (i.e., polymer mobility) and the absence of microphase separation (enabling diffusion‐induced swelling of the pores). Last, this concept is applied toward the production of a thermochromic patterned hydrogel, exemplifying the potential of such responsive biocompatible photonic‐glass pigments toward smart labeling or anticounterfeiting applications.
Identification of the Origin of Ultralow Dark Currents in Organic Photodiodes
Authors: Ma Xiao , Bin Haijun , van Gorkom Bas T. , van der Pol Tom P. A. , Dyson Matthew J. , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Fattori Marco , Meskers Stefan C. J. , van Breemen Albert J. J. M. , Tordera Daniel , Janssen René A. J. , Gelinck Gerwin H.
Published: December 2022

Organic bulk heterojunction photodiodes (OPDs) attract attention for sensing and imaging. Their detectivity is typically limited by a substantial reverse bias dark current density (Jd). Recently, using thermal admittance or spectral photocurrent measurements, Jd has been attributed to thermal charge generation mediated by mid‐gap states. Here, the temperature dependence of Jd in state‐of‐the‐art OPDs is reported with Jd down to 10−9 mA cm−2 at −0.5 V bias. For a variety of donor‐acceptor bulk‐heterojunction blends it is found that the thermal activation energy of Jd is lower than the effective bandgap of the blends, by ca. 0.3 to 0.5 eV, but higher than expected for mid‐gap states. Ultra‐sensitive sub‐bandgap photocurrent spectroscopy reveals that the minimum photon energy for optical charge generation in OPDs correlates with the dark current thermal activation energy. The dark current in OPDs is attributed to thermal charge generation at the donor‐acceptor interface mediated by intra‐gap states near the band edges.
InP/ZnSeS/ZnS Core–Shell Quantum Dots as Novel Saturable Absorbers in Mode‐Locked Fiber Lasers
Authors: Lou Yajun , He Pengfei , Ge Boyuan , Duan Xijian , Hu Lei , Zhang Xiaoli , Tao Lili , Zhang Xinhai
Published: December 2022

In this study, red light emitting InP/ZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are prepared by thermal injection method. The results show that the InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs saturable absorbers (SA) have good nonlinear saturable absorption properties with modulation depth of 24.2% and saturation intensity of 0.08 KW cm−2. Then the QD SAs are applied to the erbium‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) ring cavity system, and a mode‐locked laser pulse with a pulse width of 635 fs is generated. In addition, the pulse width is determined by the carrier recovery time, which is closely related to the defect density in the material. A large number of defects are eliminated in the QDs by hydrogen fluoride (HF) treatment, and the pulse width is reduced from 635 to 450 fs. Results of time‐resolved photoluminescence and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) show that HF treatment indeed reduces defects in InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs, indicated by the decrease of the carrier recovery time. This is different from the reported 2D SA materials, which usually reduce the carrier recovery time by increasing the defect density. This study will inspire new applications of QDs in ultrafast photonics and nonlinear optics.
Van der Waals Interlayer Coupling Induces Distinct Linear Dichroism in WSe2 Photodetectors
Authors: Wei Zhenhua , Zheng Xiaoming , Wei Yuehua , Zhang Xiangzhe , Luo Wei , Liu Jinxin , Peng Gang , Huang Han , Lv Tieyu , Zhang Xueao , Deng Chuyun
Published: December 2022

Driven by the unique linear dichroism feature of anisotropic two‐dimensional (2D) materials, much attempt has been made to introduce artificial anisotropy into isotropic 2D materials to deliver polarization‐sensitive performance. However, those methods have not been widely promoted because of technical limitations. This paper reports on the successful modulation to the structural symmetry of WSe2 through van der Waals (vdW) interlayer coupling. Correspondingly, both the polarized Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of WSe2 in heterostructure exhibit periodic variation tendency. Similarly, direction‐sensitive electronic transport has also been observed in WSe2/CrOCl heterostructure, and the conductance along armchair direction is ≈1.5 times of that along zigzag direction. As a functional illustration to the interlayer coupling induced linear dichroism, angle‐dependent photodetection is conducted to WSe2/CrOCl device. With light irradiation at 532 nm, the device photocurrent along armchair direction is 1.27 times higher than that along zigzag direction. The abnormal linear dichroism of WSe2 in the study clearly proves that few‐layer WSe2 on CrOCl flake has been entitled with artificial anisotropy. The interlayer coupling method is feasible and practical in 2D‐material range, offering the possibility to develop polarization‐dependent electronic, pyroelectric, and photoelectric devices from isotropic 2D materials.
Plant‐Wearable Sensors for Intelligent Forestry Monitoring
Authors: Li Yifei , Xu Haoyan , Han Chuanlong , Bai Yuan , Wang Yuliang , Yu Haipeng , Song Wenlong , Sun Zhuangzhi
Published: December 2022

Flexible plant‐wearable sensors show great potential for precise and intelligent monitoring of real‐time physical and chemical signals in forestry seedlings to optimize their growth environment, increase carbon sequestration, and promote underforest ecosystems. Furthermore, plant‐wearable sensors can help prevent threats such as forest ecological deterioration, forest diseases, and insect pests. Herein, recent advances in emerging plant‐wearable sensors used in forestry for applications including the monitoring of plant physiological metabolism and plant growth in seedling cultivation, early warning of forest pest and disease, prevention and warning of forest fire, and growing environment monitoring of trees are reviewed. Typical sensing technologies, designs, structural compositions, and sensing principles of emerging plant wearables are highlighted. Current technical bottlenecks of wireless growth monitoring system and self‐powered energy supply strategies are also discussed in terms of their practical application. Finally, the research directions and challenges of flexible plant wearables in intelligent forestry monitoring are explored in detail.
Multi‐sensor data fusion for swine house environment evaluation and control
Authors: Chen Chong , Shen Cuifeng
Published: December 2022

Data fusion from various sensors can obtain more accurate and reliable results than a single monitoring sensor. The data of air quality in the swine breeding environment comes from various sensors; therefore, the data must be fused. In this study, statistical criteria, batch estimation theory, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method, as well as an improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP), were combined to provide accurate data for multi‐sensor data fusion modeling. To make a fair comparison, four statistical criteria were employed to process abnormal data gross errors. Besides, an improved batch estimation adaptive weighted fusion method was adopted to, respectively, integrate the data from temperature, humidity, and concentrations of ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) of air quality at the data level. The predetermined weights were given using IAHP combined with the knowledge of experts. To decide the fuzzy membership values of each environmental parameter, we presented a method to establish fuzzy membership functions and devised a calculation method for related parameters. The gaussmf type membership function was employed to build a global fusion model that fits well with IAHP–FCE. The IAHP–FCE method was exploited to comprehensively integrate multi‐sensor data at the decision level. Experimental results show that the presented method can improve the data accuracy and provide decision results and scientific basis for the precision control of swine breeding environment.
Visualization of enantioselective recognition and separation of chiral acids by aggregation‐induced emission chiral diamine
Authors: Qi Chunxuan , Wei Keyue , Li Qingyang , Li Yuemei , Su Xiaolong , Yang Jun‐Cheng , Tian Jingjing , Chen Pu , Feng Hai‐Tao , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: December 2022

Enantioselective recognition and separation are the most important issues in the fields of chemistry, pharmacy, agrochemical, and food science. Here, we developed two optically active diamines showing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) that can discriminate 5 kinds of chiral acids with high enantioselectivity. Especially, a very high fluorescence intensity ratio (Il/Id) of 281 for (±)‐Dibenzoyl‐d/l‐tartaric acid was obtained through the collection of fluorescence change after interaction with chiral AIE‐active diamine. By virtue of AIE property and intermolecular acid‐base interaction, enantioselective separation was facilely realized by simple filtration of the precipitates formed by chiral AIE luminogen (AIEgen) and one enantiomer in the racemic solution. The chiral HPLC data indicated that the precipitates of AIEgen/chiral acid possessed 82% l‐analyte (the enantiomeric excess value was assessed to be 64% ee). Therefore, this method can serve as a simple, convenient, and low‐cost tool for chiral detection and separation.
The predictive equations of resting metabolic rate for Tibetan adolescents aged 13–18 in Tibet, China
Authors: Sun Yi , Liu Yuan , Yin Xiaojian , Li Ming , Zhang Ting , Zhang Feng , Guo Yaru , Sun Pengwei
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The resting metabolic rate (RMR) predictive equations suitable for Tibetan adolescents in Tibet, China, were developed to provide a reference for their reasonable energy intake.

Methods

We measured RMR by indirect calorimetry and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 325 Tibetan adolescents aged 13–18 years in Tibet, China. Stepwise regression analysis was used to develop the predictive equations. Pearson correlation analysis, paired sample t test, bias rate, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman were used to verify the validity of the predictive equations.

Results

The R2 of Model 8 (0.642) was larger than Model 2 (boys, 0.642; girls, 0.533) and Model 7 (0.540), and Model 10 (0.534) was larger than Model 4 (boys, 0.531; girls, 0.443) and Model 9 (0.477).Compared with the existing predictive equations, the correlation (0.68–0.84) between the predicted values and the measured values, CCC (0.74–0.81) and consistency (Similar proportions within the upper and lower limits but lower differences) were higher and the bias rate (−1.0% to −2.5%) and root mean square error (207.4–263.7 kcal/day) were lower in this study. By comprehensive comparison, Model 8 and Model 10 were more valid.

Conclusions

The existing predictive equations cannot accurately predict the RMR of Tibetan adolescents in Tibet, China. In this study, the age segmentation predictive equations with age, sex, and fat free mass (FFM) as independent variables were more valid. The predictive equations were as follows: RMR (kcal/day) = 50.1 × FFM (kg) − 202.8 × Sex (F: 0; M: 1) − 72.1 × Age + 930.3, 13–15 years; RMR (kcal/day) = 58.4 × FFM (kg) − 441.1 × Sex (F: 0; M: 1) − 702.2, 16–18 years.
Luminescent cyclometalated platinum compounds with N, P, and O^O ligands: Density‐functional theory studies and analysis of the anticancer potential
Authors: Leal Jorge , Durá Gema , Jalón Félix A. , Zafon Elisenda , Massaguer Anna , Cuevas José Vicente , Santos Lucia , Rodríguez Ana M. , Manzano Blanca R.
Published: December 2022

Luminescent platinum cyclometalated complexes are species of interest mainly due to their applications in the optoelectronic and biological fields, especially with regard to their anticancer activity. Given this level of interest, a series of cyclometalated (2‐[2′‐thienyl]pyridinate, thpy and 2‐[2,4‐difluorophenyl]pyridinate, dfppy) platinum complexes with N‐donor, PTA (1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane) or chrysin‐derived ligands (incorporating piperidine, HL1, or morpholine, HL2, fragments) were synthesized. The complexes are luminescent with tunable emission wavelengths. Aggregation in solution was observed for [Pt(dfppy)L1], 5. Density‐functional theory (DFT) studies provided descriptions of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and least unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) characteristics and their influence on the photophysical properties. The orbitals of 5–6 were different in nature to those of 1–4. Time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations showed that for 1–4 the excited states S1 and T1 reflect metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and ligand‐centered (LC) (C^N) contributions while for 5–6 these states are an LC transition centered on L1 or L2. The speciation in DMSO and DMSO/H2O was evaluated. Biological studies showed that [Pt(thpy)Cl(Hthpy)], 1, [Pt(dfppy)Cl(Hdfppy)], 2, and 5 exert significant cytotoxic activity against human cervical (HeLa) and lung (A549) carcinoma cells. The cytotoxicity of 1 increased 2.84‐fold upon irradiation (blue). Microscopy assays on 5 showed that this compound accumulates in cytoplasmic organelles, preferentially in mitochondria. Mitochondrial metabolism was disrupted by the activity of the complexes, leading to a decline in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) cellular content. Overall, the results show an alternative anticancer activity for complexes 1, 2, and 5, which could be of great interest for the treatment of tumors with acquired resistance to conventional DNA‐targeted anticancer drugs.