bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association between Gender and Familial Prevalence of Hip Dysplasia in Danish Patients
Authors: Jashi Rima El , Gustafson Maria B. , Jakobsen Mette B. , Lautrup Charlotte , Hertz Jens M. , Søballe Kjeld , Mechlenburg Inger
Published: February 2017

Background

The development of hip dysplasia is associated with several risk factors. 1 of these risk factors is gender, since 80% of patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia are females. Another risk factor for hip dysplasia is familial predisposition of hip dysplasia. Several studies indicate that the risk of hip dysplasia is increased with familial prevalence of hip dysplasia. However, little is known about the association between the familial prevalence and gender and the development of hip dysplasia.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hip dysplasia among relatives to Danish patients with hip dysplasia operated with periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), and the degree of relationship of affected family members. Furthermore, to assess the association between gender and family predisposition in the same group of patients.

Method

The study is a cross-sectional study, with a descriptive and an analytical part. The study population consists of 676 patients drawn from a clinical database of patients operated with PAO at Aarhus University hospital from 1998 to 2014. Information about gender, operated hip side and age was collected from the clinical PAO database, while information about familial prevalence was collected through questionnaires. The association between gender and familial prevalence of hip dysplasia was presented as the prevalence proportions ratio (PPR), tested by χ2 test. Stratification was conducted for the variables age and operated hip side, with the Mantel-Haenszels analytical method, and tested for statistical significance by χ2.

Results

The familial prevalence of hip dysplasia in the study population was 30% (95% CI, 27%-34%), with 73% reporting affected first-degree relatives. Females have 32% increased risk of familial prevalence of hip dysplasia compared to males, but this difference in risk was not statistically significant (p = 0.10).

Conclusions

The study shows that females have 32% increased familial prevalence of hip dysplasia compared to males, but the increased prevalence was not statistically significant probably due to the low power of the study.
Cementing a Polyethylene Cup into a Well Fixed Acetabular Metal-on-Metal Resurfacing Component? An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Klotz Matthias C.M. , Jäger Sebastian , Kretzer Jan-Philippe , Beckmann Nicholas A. , Thomsen Marc , Bitsch Rudi G.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Adverse reactions to metal debris often indicate revision surgery in metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasty and an exchange of the MoM bearing into either a metal on polyethylene or a ceramic-on-polyethylene articulation. At the moment the removal of the entire implant system is the most reasonable method. In order to avoid bone loss caused by the removal of a well-fixed acetabular component, the purpose of this study was to measure the stability of a cemented polyethylene (PE) cup in an acetabular hip resurfacing component and to examine if such a method could be suitable for clinical use.

Methods

PE cups were cemented into 2 different hip resurfacing components and biomechanical tests were applied to measure failure torques under lever out and rotational load.

Results

In all cases failure of the interface between the resurfacing components and the cement layer occurred at a very low load (0.14 Nm-61.50 Nm).

Discussion

The early failure occurred due to lacking interdigitation of cement and the polished metal surface. Thus we warn against cementing a PE cup into acetabular hip resurfacing components for clinical use.
Comparative Survival Analysis of Porous Tantalum and Porous Titanium Acetabular Components in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Vutescu Emil S. , Hsiue Peter , Paprosky Wayne , Nandi Sumon
Published: February 2017

Background

Porous tantalum acetabular components (PoTa) are well-studied, but less is known about widely used porous titanium (PoTi) acetabular components. We performed a comparative survival analysis between PoTi and PoTa acetabular components.

Methods

Primary or revision THA performed using PoTi (n = 2,976) or PoTa (n = 184) acetabular components with minimum 2-year follow-up (PoTi n = 1,539; PoTa n = 157) were analysed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to test the effect of porous metal acetabular component type on revision surgery for aseptic cup loosening. Multivariate model was adjusted for acetabular defect severity according to the Paprosky Classification.

Results

Only PoTi components used in revision THA failed. Survival of the PoTi acetabular component was 98.6% when used in revision THA at mean 48.3-month follow-up. After adjusting for severity of acetabular defect, there was no difference in survival between PoTi and PoTa acetabular components when used in primary or revision THA.

Conclusions

After adjusting for acetabular defect severity, both PoTa and PoTi acetabular components had excellent survival at mean 44.4-month (range 4.3-91.5 months) follow-up when used in primary and revision THA.
Relationship between Femoral Offset and Dislocation in Preformed Antibiotic-Loaded Cement Spacers (Spacer-G®)
Authors: Molinas Ignacio , Garcia-Oltra Ester , Fernández-Valencia Jenaro A. , Tomas Xavier , Gallart Xavier , Riba Josep , Combalia Andreu , Bori Guillem
Published: February 2017

Introduction

A reduction in femoral offset may decrease muscle tension and lead to spacer dislocations even though proximal femur, musculature and acetabulum remain intact. In this study, we aimed to determine whether postoperative lateral femoral offset (LFO) and modified vertical femoral offset (MVFO) values affect the risk of dislocation of a hip spacer.

Materials and methods

We measured LFO and MVFO in properly centred, postoperative, anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis in 66 patients (71 spacers). We then compared the operated and non-operated sides and recorded any dislocations.

Results

Although LFO decreased (p<0.001), the reduction was not associated with dislocation (p = 0.471). MVFO remained unchanged after spacer implantation (p = 0.277) and was not associated with dislocation (p = 0.418).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the preformed spacer decreased LFO but not MVFO compared with the contralateral hip. The variations did not significantly affect the dislocation rate.
The SPAIRE Technique Allows Sparing of the Piriformis and Obturator Internus in a Modified Posterior Approach to the Hip
Authors: Hanly Richard J. , Sokolowski Sabrina , Timperley Andrew John
Published: February 2017

Introduction

The Sparing Piriformis and Internus, Repair Externus (SPAIRE) technique allows a muscle sparing mini-posterior approach to the hip.

Method

We present in this article a description of an adaptation of the familiar posterior approach (PA) in which the only tendon released is obturator externus. Termed SPAIRE, this muscle sparing technique enables preservation of the piriformis tendon and conjoint insertion of obturator internus and the gemelli. The technical description allows for safe and reliable replication by any surgeon familiar with the posterior approach (PA) to the hip without reliance on additional equipment, and without compromising the ability to convert into a more extensile approach.

Conclusions

This technical description and brief discussion of rationale outlines the ongoing work of the authors in developing the SPAIRE technique as part of the spectrum of the posterior approach to the hip. The senior author now uses this technique routinely for total hip replacements and hemiarthroplasty. Patients are mobilised with no postoperative restrictions whatsoever. Other potential advantages include improved gait, more anatomical restoration of hip function, and enhanced stability. Projects have been initiated in our unit to objectively assess the possible clinical advantages relating to use of the SPAIRE technique using gait analysis, objective measurement of muscle power and studies of hip stability.
Current Orthopaedic Management of Bony Metastases in the Proximal Third of the Femur
Authors: Jonas Sam C. , Mehendale Sanchit M. , Bick Simon M. , Baker Richard P.
Published: February 2017

Patients presenting with skeletal metastatic lesions requiring surgery are increasing, this is due to an ageing population and improved oncological survival following advances in medical management. Furthermore, patients are living longer with skeletal metastatic disease. The majority of bone metastases occur in the proximal femur. Robust diagnosis (Biopsy) and treatment is required to ensure that patients can mobilise fully weight bearing immediately post-surgery and that the construct should outlive the patients expected survival. We review the changing management of metastatic disease in the proximal femur.
Triblock Copolymers Based on ε-Caprolactone and Trimethylene Carbonate for the 3D Printing of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Güney Aysun , Malda Jos , Dhert Wouter J.A. , Grijpma Dirk W.
Published: February 2017

Background

Biodegradable PCL- b-PTMC- b-PCL triblock copolymers based on trimethylene carbonate (TMC) and ε-caprolactone (CL) were prepared and used in the 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds. Triblock copolymers of various molecular weights containing equal amounts of TMC and CL were prepared. These block copolymers combine the low glass transition temperature of amorphous PTMC (approximately -20°C) and the semi-crystallinity of PCL (glass transition approximately -60°C and melting temperature approximately 60°C).

Methods

PCL- b-PTMC- b-PCL triblock copolymers were synthesized by sequential ring opening polymerization (ROP) of TMC and ε-CL. From these materials, films were prepared by solvent casting and porous structures were prepared by extrusion-based 3D printing.

Results

Films prepared from a polymer with a relatively high molecular weight of 62 kg/mol had a melting temperature of 58°C and showed tough and resilient behavior, with values of the elastic modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break of approximately 120 MPa, 16 MPa and 620%, respectively. Porous structures were prepared by 3D printing. Ethylene carbonate was used as a crystalizable and water-extractable solvent to prepare structures with microporous strands. Solutions, containing 25 wt% of the triblock copolymer, were extruded at 50°C then cooled at different temperatures. Slow cooling at room temperature resulted in pores with widths of 18 ± 6 μm and lengths of 221 ± 77 μm, rapid cooling with dry ice resulted in pores with widths of 13 ± 3 μm and lengths of 58 ± 12 μm. These PCL- b-PTMC- b-PCL triblock copolymers processed into porous structures at relatively low temperatures may find wide application as designed degradable tissue engineering scaffolds.

Conclusions

In this preliminary study we prepared biodegradable triblock copolymers based on 1,3-trimethylene carbonate and ε-caprolactone and assessed their physical characteristics. Furthermore, we evaluated their potential as melt-processable thermoplastic elastomeric biomaterials in 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds.
A New Integrated Technique for the Supportive Treatment of Sepsis
Authors: Hartmann Jens , Harm Stephan
Published: February 2017

Although there has been continuous, intensive research for many years in the field of sepsis treatment, currently available treatment options are limited, and there is still a lack of systems that efficiently remove endotoxins as well as mediators. Here, we discuss a newly developed, integrated technique that combines different aspects for their use in extracorporeal blood purification for the supportive treatment of liver failure and sepsis.
The Role of Ionized Calcium and Magnesium in Regional Citrate Anticoagulation and its Impact on Inflammatory Parameters
Authors: Strobl Karin , Harm Stephan , Weber Viktoria , Hartmann Jens
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Regional anticoagulation with citrate has been found to be superior to heparin in terms of biocompatibility, and numerous protocols for regional citrate anticoagulation have been published, while a consensus on the target concentration of ionized calcium (Ca2+) in the extracorporeal circuit has not been reached so far.

Methods

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of different citrate concentrations on coagulation as well as on complement activation and cytokine secretion and to investigate the impact of ionized magnesium (Mg2+) on these parameters.

Results

We found that citrate effectively reduced coagulation, complement activation, and cytokine secretion in a dose-dependent manner and that a target Ca2+ concentration of 0.2–0.25 mM was required for efficient anticoagulation. Mg2+ triggered complement activation as well as interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood in a dose-dependent manner and independently of Ca2+. Additionally, it was found to reduce activated clotting time (ACT) in samples with low Ca2+ levels, but not at physiological Ca2+.

Conclusions

Taken together, our data support the notion that regional citrate anticoagulation results in decreased release of inflammatory mediators in the extracorporeal circuit, requiring the depletion of both, Ca2+ and Mg2+.
Mechanisms of Endothelial Activation in Sepsis and Cell Culture Models to Study the Heterogeneous Host Response
Authors: Eichhorn Tanja , Fischer Michael B. , Weber Viktoria
Published: February 2017

Sepsis is currently viewed as a fundamental disintegration of control functions from intracellular signalling to immunoregulatory and neuroendocrine mechanisms. The immediate threat in sepsis is invasive infection, and the need to activate immune defense mechanisms to clear the pathogen before irreparable damage occurs. In the process of pathogen elimination, however, the systemic host response to infection may cause collateral damage to the endothelium and may lead to the destruction of host tissues.

A number of experimental models have been developed to monitor endothelial activation and to study endothelial dysfunction under septic conditions. Here, we review the application of these models to assess the highly variable host response in sepsis and to investigate the efficacy of adsorbent-based extracorporeal therapies. We also highlight the need for efficient diagnostic tools, which are indispensable to select patients who are likely to benefit from distinct adjunctive therapies.
Diagnostic Value of Smoothelin and Vimentin in Differentiating Muscularis Propria from Muscularis Mucosa of Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Elkady Noha , Abdou Asmaa Gaber , Kandil Mona , Ghanem Noha
Published: February 2017

Background

Determination of the extent of involvement or pathological staging is one of the requirements for adequate evaluation of bladder cancer specimens. Therefore, the differentiation between MP and MM is essential for proper treatment and avoiding over or under staging.

Aim

The present study aimed at evaluation of diagnostic value of smoothelin and vimentin expression both singly and in combination for differentiation between MM and MP.

Methods

This study was carried out on 59 cystectomy specimens of primary bladder carcinoma and eleven cystoscopic biopsies for non-neoplastic bladder lesions (cystitis).

Results

Histologically, MM was identified clearly in 40 cases and MP was identified in all 70 examined cases. The cases were immunostained for smoothelin and vimentin. Intensity of smoothelin expression showed significant difference (P = 0.001) between MM and MP with 97.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity and the percentage of smoothelin expression was significantly higher in MP compared to MM (P = 0.001) with 95.7% sensitivity and 85% specificity (using 65% as cut-off point). Vimentin was negative in MP and showed positive expression in 32 cases (80%) of MM with a statistical significant difference (P = 0.001) providing 80% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Combined moderate to strong smoothelin and negative vimentin offered 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity towards the identification of MP.

Conclusions

Differentiation of MM from MP can be made based on histopathological criteria, which are unfortunately overlapping in many cases. Moderate to strong smoothelin expression with negative vimentin could be very helpful procedure in difficult and overlapping cases with a high diagnostic validity.
A Case Series of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis and Literature Review
Authors: Kong Karen K.Y. , Szabo Rebecca A. , Pyman Jan , Ang W. Catarina
Published: February 2017

Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is an uncommon benign smooth-muscle tumour of the uterus which invades into uterine and systemic veins. Although benign, this tumour may grow in the absence of, or beyond the confines of a uterine leiomyoma or fibroid, and has the potential to behave aggressively via extension of growth in the venous vasculature, upwards into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and into the right cardiac chambers. This can lead to serious cardiac and pulmonary sequelae. Rarer neurological sequelae and fatal cases have also been reported. Unless there is obvious IVC or intracardiac spread on preoperative imaging, IVL poses a diagnostic challenge. IVL has been reported in the literature as a rare event and is postulated to be more common than previously reported. Potentially this change is related to increased histopathological diagnosis following hysterectomy or fibroid excision. The prognosis of the cases is unknown but requires follow up as recurrence is possible.

This paper presents a case series of 12 patients who were diagnosed on post-operative histopathology with IVL in a 20-month period at The Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia and a literature review of the current management of this unusual disease.
Uterus Transplantation: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Brännström Mats , Dahm-Kähler Pernilla
Published: February 2017

Absolute uterine factor infertility (AUFI) has traditionally been regarded as untreatable. Gestational surrogacy (GS) is not permitted in most countries and societies in the world due to ethical, religious or legal reasons. The interest in uterus transplantation (UTx) as a treatment for AUFI started in the 1960s and, after some disappointing results, raised again in the new century, when our and other groups obtained live off-spring after UTx in the mouse, and here we review extensively the results of animal research. In September 2014, the first baby was born after human UTx and this proof-of-concept of UTx as an infertility treatment has been followed by several more births. All cases described in the literature are also reviewed.

The overall evidence suggests that the clinical introduction of UTx as the first available treatment for AUFI has been successful. However, UTx will stay at experimental stage for several years whilst optimizing the procedure and ensuring its safety from a medical and psychological perspective.
Pros and Cons of Echocardiography in the Screening, Diagnosis and Follow-up of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension – a Rheumatologist's Perspective
Authors: Baron Murray
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Our objective was to review the evidence regarding echocardiography in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and possible pulmonary hypertension (PH).

Methods

The literature was reviewed. In addition, a survey was conducted of 315 rheumatologists/internists with a self-declared interest in SSc, to determine their preferred use of echocardiograms.

Results

The most relevant literature findings come from two studies, the DETECT study and one from the Australian Scleroderma Interest Group. In both these studies, it appears that the use of non-echocardiographic variables such as pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and values of serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are adequate on their own in suggesting which patients are at high risk of PH. Echocardiograms added very little information and in fact may confuse the picture by appearing to be normal when in fact underlying PH is present. With regard to the survey, 157 physicians (49.8%) responded. Of those, 67% felt that an echocardiogram should be ordered on every patient with SSc every year. Ninety-five percent (95%) said the reason was to screen for the development of significant PH, 65% said the reason was to screen for the development of significant intrinsic cardiac disease and 38% said that the reason was to adhere to accepted international recommendations.

Conclusions

Despite popular belief and current recommendations, in the opinion of the author, echocardiograms are not necessary in every SSc patient every year. Cheaper tests such as PFTs and NT-proBNP are adequate in most cases to suggest when a right heart catheterization should be performed.
Stenoses in the surgically manipulated segment have better angioplasty response compared to the surgically naive segment in fistulas
Authors: Cui Jie , Xu Dihua , Ma Jie , Liu Bingyan , Kawai Tatsuo , Yeh Heidi , Schainfeld Robert , Irani Zubin
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Balloon angioplasty is the standard treatment for dysfunctional hemodialysis fistulas, but angioplasty response of stenotic lesions located in different segments of the dialysis circuit has not been explicitly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of stenotic lesions in the most common types of arteriovenous fistulas and to investigate the response to balloon angioplasty of stenotic lesions located in various segments of the fistula circuit.

Materials and Methods

This single-center, retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. A total of 263 fistulograms performed between January, 2014 and June, 2015 were reviewed. Stenotic lesion response to angioplasty was analyzed based on lesion location using a Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results

Juxta-anastomotic stenoses (48%) were the most common lesions in radiocephalic fistulas, while the cephalic arch (30%) and venous outflow tract (24%) were the most common locations of stenotic lesions in brachiocephalic fistulas and basilic vein transposition fistulas, respectively. Primary patency after balloon angioplasty was significantly higher in lesions located in the venous segments manipulated during surgeries compared to the lesions located in the surgically naive zone (p = 0.001). The 6-month and 12-month primary patency of lesions post-angioplasty in the surgical zone were 76% and 71% compared to 58% and 43% in the surgically naive segments.

Conclusions

The distribution of stenotic lesions differs among each type of fistula. The primary patency of balloon angioplasty of stenotic lesions located in the surgically manipulated venous segment was significantly better than lesions located in the rest of the fistula circuit.
Peripherally inserted central catheter-related complications in cancer patients: a prospective study of over 50,000 catheter days
Authors: Kang Junren , Chen Wei , Sun Wenyan , Ge Ruibin , Li Hailong , Ma Enling , Su Qingxia , Cheng Fang , Hong Jinhua , Zhang Yuanjuan , Lei Cheng , Wang Xinchuan , Jin Aiyun , Liu Wanli
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To evaluate incidence and risk factors of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related complications in cancer patients.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, cohort study of cancer patients with PICC insertion was performed from February 1, 2013 to April 24, 2014. All patients were monitored in clinic until PICCs were removed. The primary endpoint was PICC removal due to complications. Patient-, catheter- and insertion-related factors were analyzed in univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant independent risk factors for PICC-related complications.

Results

There were 477 cancer patients included, for a total of 50,841 catheter-days. Eighty-one patients (17.0%) developed PICC-related complications, with an incidence of 1.59 per 1000 catheter days. Thirty-six (7.5%) PICCs were removed because of complications. The most common complications were skin allergy (4.6%), catheter occlusion (3.4%) and accidental withdrawal (2.3%). Nine (1.9%) patients developed symptomatic upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) and central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) was shown in six (1.3%) PICCs with an infection rate 0.12 per 1000 catheter days. In multivariable analysis, body mass index (BMI) >25 (odds ratio, 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-3.47, p = 0.004) was shown to be a significant risk factor for PICC complications.

Conclusions

Cancer patients with BMI greater than 25 were more likely to have PICC complications.
Primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a retrospective analysis in the light of the recent ILROG guidelines
Authors: Pedretti Sara , Urpis Mauro , Leali Carla , Borghetti Paolo , Baushi Liliana , Sala Raffaella , Tucci Alessandra , Greco Diana , Pasinetti Nadia , Triggiani Luca , Rossi Giuseppe , Calzavara-Pinton Piergiacomo , Magrini Stefano Maria , Buglione Michela
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To analyze clinical outcome, local response, survival and toxicity in patients with primary cutaneous lymphoma (PCL) treated with radiotherapy.

Methods:

From 1995 to 2014, 112 patients were treated. B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs; n = 86) and T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs; n = 23) were analyzed separately. Clinical and therapeutic characteristics (age, sex, histology, primary treatment and radiotherapy modality) were related to response to treatment, survival and toxicity.

Results:

CBCLs were divided into 4 subgroups: marginal-zone lymphoma (n = 20), follicle center lymphoma (n = 32), diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n = 22) and DLBCL-leg type (n = 12). No significant correlation was found between doses and systemic treatments, extent of biopsy and number of lesions. DLBCL-leg type patients were older (p = 0.05), had disseminated disease (p = 0.034), and more frequently had local (p = 0.01) or systemic recurrence (p = 0.05). CTCLs were divided into 4 subgroups: α/β CTCL (n = 3), nasal type CTCL (n = 0), γ/δ CTCL (n = 10) and mycosis fungoides (n = 10). Longer disease-free survival was observed in patients obtaining complete remission (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

Radiotherapy is feasible, safe and effective for localized PCLs. The choice of dose is related to histological subgroups and the related prognoses. Survival results are very good also in relapsing disease. In advanced cutaneous lymphoma radiotherapy alone has mainly a role in symptom palliation.
An Accurate Method to Quantify Breathing-induced Prostate Motion for Patients Implanted with Electromagnetic Transponders
Authors: Giandini Tommaso , Panaino Costanza M.V. , Avuzzi Barbara , Morlino Sara , Villa Sergio , Bedini Nice , Carabelli Gabriele , Frasca Sarah C. , Romanyukha Anna , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Pignoli Emanuele , Valdagni Riccardo , Carrara Mauro
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To validate and apply a method for the quantification of breathing-induced prostate motion (BIPM) for patients treated with radiotherapy and implanted with electromagnetic transponders for prostate localization and tracking.

Methods

For the analysis of electromagnetic transponder signal, dedicated software was developed and validated with a programmable breathing simulator phantom. The software was then applied to 1,132 radiotherapy fractions of 30 patients treated in supine position, and to a further 61 fractions of 2 patients treated in prone position.

Results

Application of the software in phantom demonstrated reliability of the developed method in determining simulated breathing frequencies and amplitudes. For supine patients, the in vivo analysis of BIPM resulted in median (maximum) amplitudes of 0.10 mm (0.35 mm), 0.24 mm (0.66 mm), and 0.17 mm (0.61 mm) in the left-right (LR), cranio-caudal (CC), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions, respectively. Breathing frequency ranged between 7.73 and 29.43 breaths per minute. For prone patients, the ranges of the BIPM amplitudes were 0.1-0.5 mm, 0.5-1.3 mm, and 0.7-1.7 mm in the LR, CC, and AP directions, respectively.

Conclusions

The developed method was able to detect the BIPM with sub-millimeter accuracy. While for patients treated in supine position the BIPM represents a reduced source of treatment uncertainty, for patients treated in prone position, it can be higher than 3 mm.
Abortion Once Again: a response to Feser, Goodwin, Mosquito, Sadowsky, Vance and Watkins
Authors: Block Walter
Published: February 2017

Only a libertarian would think to base an analysis of the abortion controversy on private property rights. The present paper does just that.  On that basis, it concludes that evictionism is the only policy compatible with libertarianism. This essay then uses this analysis to criticize the views on this subject of five scholars associated with this political philosophy: Feser, Goodwin, Mosquito, Sadowsky, Vance and Watkins.
The prohibition of wearing veil in public schools in Egypt: an analysis of the Egyptian Supreme Constitutional Court jurisprudence
Authors: Arafa Mohamed A.
Published: February 2017

Case No.8 of 1996 is a landmark decision of the Egyptian Supreme Constitutional Court (“SCC”) and represents one of the most significant judicial rulings of a structural remedy for the interpretation of Article 2 of Egypt 2014 Constitution. The jurisprudence of the SCC is essential to advance a moderate (liberal), rights-protecting interpretation of Sharie‘a. In this case, the SCC held that a rule on face-veiling in public schools is compatible not only with Islamic law, but with certain human rights guaranteed by the Constitution:, as freedom of expression and freedom of religion. This decision dealt with the SCC’s view on Islamic ijtihad (legal reasoning), and, gives insight into the Court’s views on civil and political rights context.
Meeting demand: A multi-method approach to optimizing hospital language interpreter staffing
Authors: Chiam Tze Chao , Hoover Stephen , Mosby Danielle , Caplan Richard , Dolman Sarahfaye , Gbadebo Adebayo , Mayer Frank , Nightingale Alexandra , Reyes-Hull Claudia-Angelica , Brown Elizabeth , Jackson Eric , Riveros Bettina Tweardy , Ortiz Jacqueline
Published: February 2017

Objective: The objective of this paper is to highlight a study on optimizing the full-time equivalent (FTE) for Spanish and Mandarin interpreters at Christiana Care Health System. In this study, there were multiple challenges that needed to be addressed, and a multi-method approach was taken.Methods: These methods include: (1) time-motion study to quantify interpreter workflow and variability of duration of time needed for each task; (2) an integer program to optimize the number of interpreters needed per hour based on historical demand patterns for interpreter services; (3) Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) to examine the use of agency interpreters in order to meet demand; (4) cost modelling to convert FTEs and the use of agency interpreters into overall costs to the hospital; and (5) sensitivity analysis to evaluate alternative number of interpreter FTEs and their corresponding costs to the hospital.Results: Overall cost to the hospital is predicted to decrease with additional FTE interpreters, up to a threshold level above which the cost will start to increase. Through this innovative methodology used in this paper, we predict that hiring 3.5 more FTEs for Spanish interpreters will result in 9.07% of cost savings, and predict that hiring one FTE for Mandarin interpreters will result in 25.87% in cost savings compared to the current expense of providing Mandarin language interpretation.Conclusions: Contrary to intuition, increasing number of FTEs results in cost savings. Besides the financial benefit, hospitals will also be able to ensure the quality of health services that Limited English Proficiency (LEP) patients and families receive.
Formulation and Anticipated Approach for Developing a New Business through Integrated Strategic Morphological Analysis and Integrated Fuzzy Approach and Estimate the Cost of the Integration of PSO and BP Neural Network in the Plastic Injection Molding Industry
Authors: Hoseini Shekarabi Seyed Ashkan , Dorri Behrouz
Published: February 2017

In this article we have tried to identify the factors by which industry experts predict medium-term future, then the relationship between the environmental factors determined by comparing the morphology characterized couple, this relationship is obtained through interviews with experts economy. The experts in economic conditions and environmental factors determine the medium-term future. Finally, according to industry experts on space environmental conditions, inter-organizational scenarios to determine the ranking. Using fuzzy decision-making through the evaluation and ranking of organizational standpoint, the most appropriate one is selected that has the features, dimensions and unique circumstances applicable to the environment. Due to the globalization of business in recent years, managers and business owners are looking to cut costs and accurate and realistic estimates of cost, due to its ability to make the right decision about the products and the future of their business. At the end of a cost estimate for superior business model that obtained by ranking methods propagation is back propaganda neural network Particle swarm optimization. It is also complex and covers defects traditional methods. Hybrid algorithm can not only take advantage of the ability to search for a strong global particle swarm optimization, but also be robust search capability regional propagation neural network as well. The corresponding operation in MATLAB software environment (MATLAB) is implemented. Finally, model related to the choice of business, business model and cost estimates provided kitchenware and printing and packaging businesses are adaptable to future requirements and trends toward this part of the industry for the benefit of the organization.
Correcciones en lengua: modos de intervención docente en los textos escritos por los alumnos
Authors: Tapia Stella Maris
Published: February 2017

Este artículo se enmarca en la investigación doctoral sobre las correcciones que los docentes realizan en los textos escritos por sus alumnos de español (primera lengua) en los últimos años de la escuela secundaria y el primer año de la universidad en Bariloche, Argentina. Desde la línea teórica del interaccionismo socio discursivo nos preguntamos cómo corrigen los docentes de las asignaturas Lengua y literatura y afines. El análisis de los modos de corrección se basa en diferenciar tres maneras de intervención docente: enunciados, marcas y enmiendas, como intervenciones didácticas superpuestas en los textos de los alumnos. En la primera parte, se caracteriza cada una de estas categorías. En la segunda parte, se describe, a partir del concepto de “palabra ajena” de Voloshinov (1929), cómo las voces de los docentes interactúan con las voces de los alumnos.
L’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit chez des élèves de la fin de l'élémentaire en Ontario français: Une étude de cas
Authors: Thibeault Joël , Fleuret Carole
Published: February 2017

Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires d’une étude de cas multiples menée auprès de huit élèves scolarisés en français à la fin de l’ordre élémentaire dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Ontario, au Canada, là où cet idiome est langue minoritaire. En nous appuyant sur un cadre théorique hybride, composé de travaux en didactique des langues première et seconde, nous avons comme objectif la description de leurs connaissances relatives à l’accord du verbe en nombre à l’écrit. Les analyses montrent que le pluriel verbal est encore en construction chez nos participants et que les résultats varient énormément d’un élève à l’autre. Ils permettent également la mise en lumière d’une difficulté importante, le changement du radical des verbes à bases multiples lors du processus d’accord, une caractéristique qui n’est documentée que par des chercheurs qui se sont intéressés à l’apprentissage de l’écrit en français langue seconde.
Amour, ruse et érotisme dans les transactions intimes de jeunes de la ville d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)1
Authors: Koenig Boris
Published: February 2017

Cet article examine les formes des transactions intimes dans lesquelles s’engagent de jeunes citadines et citadins de Côte d’Ivoire pour atténuer la fragilité de leur situation socioéconomique. Alors que les dernières décennies ont été marquées par une détérioration des conditions d’insertion socioéconomique des jeunes, une montée du célibat féminin et un recul de l’âge à la première union, le champ des relations intimes et amoureuses constitue un point d’observation privilégié pour appréhender la manière dont s’opèrent les processus de changement sociogénérationnels. Basée sur des données ethnographiques tirées d’une étude de terrain conduite dans un quartier d’habitat précaire d’Abidjan, l’analyse porte sur les modalités par lesquelles les jeunes citadines non mariées se rapportent à l’idéologie prédominante de l’amour hétérosexuel ainsi qu’à l’ordre genré qui jalonnaient les relations intimes non maritales et extramaritales de leurs aînées.
À l’intersection entre mouvement et institution : enjeux, dynamiques et effets de l’institutionnalisation d’un espace régional de la cause des femmes
Authors: Guignard Lison
Published: February 2017

C’est à partir d’une mobilisation en faveur du protocole de Maputo et dans un contexte d’ouverture institutionnelle qu’un plaidoyer s’est institutionnalisé auprès de l’Union africaine sous l’égide de la campagne Gender is on my agenda (GIMAC), une rencontre consultative sur le genre précédant chaque sommet des chefs d’État. À la lumière de la notion d’« espace [régional] de la cause des femmes », l’auteure expose la genèse de ce plaidoyer institutionnel et ses effets.
GLOBALNA EKONOMSKA KONTROLA
Authors: Mandić Boško
Published: February 2017

Razvoj globalnog pokreta u svijetu nije se dešavao stihijski. Njegovo djelovanje je osmišljeno mnogo prije nego se krenulo u akciju ekonomskog osvajanja svijeta. Imperijalistiĉka politika „Velikog brata― (Sjedinjene Ameriĉke Drţave) i njenih saveznika prema neistomišljenicima, djelovala je organizovano i sistematiĉno sa unaprijed datim rješenjima, tj. kako i na koji naĉin svijet osvojiti ali bez upotrebe sile! Osvajaĉki oslonac ovakve politike bio je pozicioniran kroz djelovanje multinacionalnih kompanija, nacionalnih finansijskih institucija te korišćenje masmedija za osvajanje javnog mijenja. U ovom radu ćemo prikazati na koji naĉin i pomoću kojih metoda se vrši globalna ekonomska kontrola.
PRIMJENA STEĈAJA KOD PRIVREDNIH SUBJEKATA I ULOGA MARKETINGA
Authors: Kovačević Duša
Published: February 2017

Jedan od najvećih izazova za sve nacionalne ekonomije predstavlja rješenje problema zaposlenosti. Stoga su se vrlo ĉesto nastanak steĉaja i njegove reorganizacije, te razvoja usluţnog sektora vezivali za stvaranje novih radnih mjesta, kao najbolji naĉin za apsorbovanje viška radne snage i problema posrnulog privrednog subjekta. U toku posljednjeg perioda, kroz steĉaj i razvoj usluţnog sektora, postignuti su znaĉajni uspjesi prevazilaţenja problema posrnulih preduzeća, te ublaţene mnoge posljedice loše privatizacije i posljedice ratnih recesija, kao i podsticanje svakog ekonomskog oporavka. Zahvaljujući velikom znaĉaju advekatnog sprovoĊenja steĉaja i znaĉaju pravih usluga i njegovom velikom uĉešću u ekonomiji razvijenih zemalja, sve se više pojavljuju izazovi „pravovremenog steĉaja i usluţnog društva― i „usluţna ekonomija―. Ekonomska aktivnost društva determiniše prirodu naĉina na koji ljudi ţive i na osnovu ĉega se mjeri standard ţivljenja i privreĊivanja. Korišćenjem industrijskih privrednih modela za upravljanje usluţno zasnovanim korporacijama, stvara se tako mali uticaj, koliko i upotreba modela farme za voĊenje preduzeća. Aktivnosti povezane za primjenom znanja, primjenom vaţećih zakonskih propisa inovacijom i tehnologija pojavljuju se radi ispunjavanja društvenih i privatnih ciljeva.
MONETARISTIĈKA TEORIJA
Authors: Marjanović Sanita
Published: February 2017

Monetarizam, kao škola makroekonomske misli, javlja se krajem ĉetrdesetih i polovinom pedeset-ih godina zahvaljujući radovima Miltona Friedmana koji je njen najznaĉajniji predstavnik.Ono što je za sigurno obezbijedilo pobjedu monetarizma nad, ne samo kejnzijancima, već i ostalim makroekonomskim školama, jeste ĉinjenica da su upravo oni pruţili kreatorima ekonomske politike jednostavne ali i efikasne instrumente u ispitivanju ekonomskih ciljeva. Dokazali su da je inflacija veliki problem u privredi, da se moţe otkloniti ponudom novca koja je po njima bila najznaĉajniji instrument ekonomske politike.
LIGA NARODA – ZAĈETNIK INSTITUCIONALIZACIJE MEĐUNARODNIH ODNOSA
Authors: Zeljić Dejan
Published: February 2017

Osnivanje Ujedinjenih nacija nije prvi pokušaj osnivanja svjetske mirovne organizacije. Budući da su bili pod utiskom zastrašujućih ljudskih i materijalnih gubitaka nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, politiĉari su se zauzimali za saradnju meĊu narodima i spreĉavanje ratova. Godine 1918. potpisano je primirje izmeĊu Njemaĉke i sovjetskih snaga, a da su se evropski drţavnici ponašali u skladu sa pravilima, do rata ne bi ni došlo. Tokom 1914. i 1915. godine strategija i vanjska politika se razrušila i svi su ţeljeli pobjedu, što je ostavilo malo prostora za diplomatiju i dovelo do rata. Svjetski rat je poĉeo kao kabinetski ali je on ispoljio SAD koje su stupile na meĊunarodnu scenu sa samopouzdanjem, snagom idealizma. SAD su ignorisale ravnoteţu snaga na kojoj su se zasnivali svi evropski sporazumi.
Microstructural Evolution, Precipitation Behavior, and Mechanical Property Response of Cast Al–Li–Cu–Cd–Mn–Zr–Ti Alloy
Authors: Shao Lixiong , Jin Xinyuan , Li Xianfeng , Deng Yaqi , Gao Zhiyong , Wang Haowei
Published: October 2024

The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of cast Al–Li–Cu–Cd–Mn–Zr–Ti alloy during heat treatment are investigated systematically. In these findings, it is shown that the as‐cast alloy exhibits fine and equiaxed grains. During the solid solution treatment, Al20Cu2Mn3 dispersoids effectively restrict grain growth, and reducing the solid solution time has a similar effect. Subsequently, the precipitation behavior and its effect on the mechanical properties during the aging process are revealed. Al3(Ti, Zr) particles are uniformly distributed throughout the matrix, acting as nucleation sites for δ′, θ′, and T1 precipitates. Overtime, δ′ precipitates gradually coarsen and decrease in number, and some δ′ precipitates attach to Al3(Ti, Zr) particles, forming core–shell Al3(Li, Ti, Zr) phases. At the same time, plate‐shaped θ′ and T1 precipitates emerge and coarsen. After aging at 160 °C for 24 h, the alloy exhibits an excellent combination of strength (yield strength =293.3 ± 4 MPa, ultimate tensile strength =468.0 ± 3 MPa) and ductility (elongation =9.6 ± 0.4%), surpassing those reported in other cast Al–3Li–2Cu–X alloys. Critically, the underlying mechanisms behind the microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed extensively, providing valuable insights for the advancement of cast Al–Li alloys.
Deep‐Learning‐Based Prediction of Long‐Term Piezoresistive Sensing Performance of MXene/Aramid Nanofiber Sensors
Authors: Chen Wang , Qin Wenfeng , Gong Guochong , Yan Ran , Xie Jiayu
Published: October 2024

Flexible compressible sensors are widely used in the human health monitoring field for their numerous advantages. However, the dynamic loads and possible injuries associated with long‐term living and exercise pose a challenge to the long‐term piezoresistive performance stability of these sensors. In this study, the application of deep learning for predicting the long‐term performance of these sensors is explored, aiming to enhance the assessment of sensor stability and ensure accurate and reliable long‐term monitoring. Samples with different Ti3C2Tx MXene/aramid nanofiber mass ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3) are prepared and piezoresistive characterization is conducted under long‐term loading cycles to obtain training data. Three distinct deep‐learning prediction models, convolutional neural network (CNN), long short‐term memory, and recurrent neural network (RNN), are utilized to assess their influence on prediction accuracy. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, its prediction of long‐term piezoresistive sensing performance with experimental data not used for training purposes is compared. The CNN model demonstrates optimal results with a mean absolute error of 0.0251 for the 1:3 mass ratio sample. Based on the experimental results, the model is expected to be integrated into human health monitoring systems, thus improving the assessment of sensor stability throughout its lifetime.
Inhalable Dry Powders for Lung mRNA Delivery
Authors: Gordon Akiva , Li Bowen , Witten Jacob , Nguyen Hong , Anderson Daniel G.
Published: October 2024

Despite great promise, application of mRNA therapeutics in the lung has proven challenging. Many groups have reported success instilling liquid mRNA formulations in animal models, but direct intratracheal administration of large liquid quantities to the human lung presents significant safety and distribution concerns. To accomplish safe and effective mRNA delivery to the lung, formulations must be prepared for dosing via inhalation. An inhaled mRNA delivery system for the lung must be both robust enough to survive inhalation conditions and potent enough to deliver mRNA upon reaching the lung. In this work dry powder lipid nanoparticle formulations are developed, using spray‐freeze‐drying, to produce stable, biologically active, inhalable dry powders for mRNA delivery. The final powders have suitable aerosolization properties, with mean mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3–4 microns, and fine particle fraction (FPF) ≈40%, allowing for efficient mRNA delivery to the deep lung following inhalation. Importantly, the formulations developed here are suitable for use with different ionizable lipids. Four different ionizable lipid‐based formulations are evaluated as powders, and all exhibit in vivo pulmonary mRNA delivery equal to that of instilled liquid formulations. These results lay promising groundwork for the eventual development of an inhalable mRNA dry powder therapeutic.
Simple‐Architectured Elastic Touch Sensor with High Spatiotemporal Resolution
Authors: Luo Junchen , Park Chaeyong , Park Yebin , Kim Jaehyun , Choi Seungmoon , Jeong Unyong
Published: October 2024

Deformable touch sensors with a high spatiotemporal resolution have recently attracted significant attention as a promising option for electronic skin and human‐machine interfaces. However, the conventional electronic matrix arrays require a large number of addressing lines and suffer from response time delay. In this study, a novel mechanically robust elastic electronic touch sensor is reported featuring only a limited number (2 or 4) of signal terminals. The sensor has a simple structure comprising an elastic spacer and two substrates with a conductive electrode of uniform resistance along the entire length of the electrode. By decoding the temporal resistance profiles from the touch sensor by using a simple simulator, the sensor can provide precise touch information such as position, instant moving speed and direction, and the trajectories of the movements. The touch actions are displayed in real‐time, regardless of whether the sensor is deformed or not. It is expected that this study will present a new approach to simplify the architecture of human‐machine interfaces.