bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and obesity risk: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Jarvis Sarah E. , Nguyen Michelle , Malik Vasanti S.
Published: August 2022

The worldwide prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities is staggering, and elevated body mass index represents a leading risk factor of death globally. Consistent evidence demonstrates a high-quality plant-based diet as an effective intervention for weight management, although it may be particularly challenging to adopt in its entirety for habitual meat consumers or individuals with especially poor-quality diets. Plant-based diets are increasingly studied using indices such as the overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful PDI, and unhealthful PDI, which offer more flexibility than a binary classification of vegetarianism and better facilitate translation into dietary recommendations. We summarized these recently accumulated studies to comprehensively evaluate plant-based diets in relation to obesity risk. We searched Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases through January 2022 and identified 9 prospective adult cohorts. Reporting of results was consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and certainty of the evidence was assessed using domains from GRADE. The PDI had a protective association with body weight gain and adiposity. Emphasis of healthful plant foods strengthened this association and emphasis of unhealthful plant foods demonstrated either a positive or null association. The certainty of the evidence was considered moderate. These findings have wide application to inform dietary interventions and sustainable policy recommendations. (Prospero ID: CRD42020198143)
Effect of 4-hydroxychalcone as preventive and curative treatment in Wistar rats with liver injury
Authors: Acosta-Cota Selene de Jesús , Castillo-Romero Diego de Jesús , Montes-Ávila Julio , Delgado-Vargas Francisco , Báez-Flores María Elena , Noguera-Corona Elvic , Osuna-Martínez Ulises
Published: August 2022

The increasing prevalence and complications related to liver diseases (caused by infection, toxic agents, or metabolic syndrome), together with insufficient existence of treatments, make evident the need for better therapeutic alternatives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HC) as preventive and curative treatment in acute and chronic liver injury, respectively. Liver damage was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into two groups: (1) acute liver injury and (2) chronic liver injury. In turn, each group was divided into four subgroups: (i) control (water); (ii) dimethyl sulfoxide 10%; (iii) CCl4; and (iv) 4-HC. The pre-treatment with 4-HC decreased transaminases, IL-6 serum levels, and hepatic malondialdehyde, increased IL-10 serum levels and hepatic glutathione, and decreased liver damage (necrosis, steatosis, and inflammatory infiltrate). In contrast, treatment with 4-HC after the induction of chronic liver injury decreased IL-6 serum levels and liver damage (steatosis, inflammatory infiltrate, ballooning cells, steatofibrosis, and fibrosis degree). Thus, the 4-HC treatment is proposed as a preventive treatment against acute liver injury; moreover, these results suggested the potential of 4-HC as a curative treatment against chronic liver injury, but other scheme treatments must be evaluated in future.
In situ passivation effect of fertilizer passivation solutions with various pH on Pb-F contaminated soil
Authors: Jiang Ying , Chen Yunzhu , Wang Xuemei , Neng Zilichao , Zhang Wanming
Published: August 2022

The Maoniuping rare earth mine in Mianning, Liangshan Prefecture, is the largest rare earth deposit in China and the second largest rare earth deposit in the world. During the mining of rare earths, F and Pb, both types of heavy metal waste can directly or indirectly enter the soil, causing local soil contamination, which in turn poses a threat to the health of local residents. In this study, soil samples were incubated with fertilizer passivation solutions with pH values of 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, with the soil water content adjusted to 50% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. The Pb-F contamination of the soil samples was analyzed to determine the existing states of the soil F and Pb and to study the remediation effect of fertilizer passivation solutions on the Pb-F contaminated soil. The results showed that under different passivation conditions, the pH, Pb, and F of the soil substantially changed and the passivation effect was enhanced over time. The pH of the soil significantly increased. The analysis of the effects of F and Pb treatment revealed that when the passivation fertilizer solution of pH 5 was used, the available Pb and F in the soil decreased the most, and the residual state of Pb and F increased to 77.86% and 57.24%, respectively.
Strategy of spawning in the tropical squid Lolliguncula diomedeae females: allocation of energy, senescence, and influence of Aggregata coccidians
Authors: Alejo-Plata María del Carmen , del Rio Portilla Miguel , González-Acosta Adrián F. , León Guzmán Sairi Sarai
Published: August 2022

Although the squid Lolliguncula diomedeae (Hoyle, 1904) is of commercial and ecological importance in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (southeastern Mexico), this is the first study to examine female spawning strategy. Information on reproductive indicators was used to assess the impact of spawning behavior on growth rates and the condition of somatic tissue, since energy for reproduction is derived mainly from somatic tissue and consumed food. Additionally, oocyte storage patterns were examined to determine the type of spawning that characterizes this species. A total of 1347 females, ranging between 27.3 and 90.0 mm dorsal mantle length (ML) and 0.1 and 25.6 g of total weight, were examined. Statolith analysis indicates that the life cycle of L. diomedeae is 212 days. Allometric growth was observed during the female life cycle. The size at maturity was 68.54 mm ML, with synchronous ovulation (by groups) and intermittent spawning. The results showed that L. diomedeae is an energetically efficient squid species that feeds during all of its reproductive life stages, thus ensuring the occurrence of partial spawning events, and that feeding ends when senescence begins. However, its life cycle could be affected by the presence of coccidian parasites, mainly during senescence.
K-stability of log del Pezzo hypersurfaces with index 2
Authors: Kim In-Kyun , Viswanathan Nivedita , Won Joonyeong
Published: August 2022

We completely classify K-stability of log del Pezzo hypersurfaces with index 2.
Axion electrodynamics: Energy–momentum tensor and possibilities for experimental tests
Authors: Brevik Iver H. , Chaichian Moshe M.
Published: August 2022

Axion electrodynamics is based upon the Lagrangian of the electromagnetic (EM) field plus its interaction with the axions, and is accordingly a physically open system. It means that the four-divergence of the EM energy–momentum tensor is different from zero, implying in turn that the total EM energy and momentum (when integrated over all space) do not constitute a four-vector. The EM force is in principle accessible to experimental detection, just analogous to what is the case in ordinary electrodynamics. In the first half of this paper the energy–momentum aspects of axion electrodynamics are worked out in general, when the surroundings are allowed to be a medium with constant permittivity and permeability. In the second half, two examples are discussed. The first is a static situation, where a block of uniform material containing axions is exposed to external strong electric and magnetic fields. Assuming the axion amplitude [Formula: see text] (i.e. its density) to increase linearly in one direction, we calculate the axion-generated forces. As a second example, we consider axions varying not with position but instead harmonically with time; this is the constellation usually assumed in astrophysics. Assuming a Gaussian profile for the EM wave emitted from the Earth towards an axion cloud in outer space, we make a calculation of the ‘axion echo’, the return signal.
A Modern VDCCTA Active Element and Its Electronic Application
Authors: Singh Yumnam Shantikumar , Ranjan Ashish , Adhikari Shuma , Shimray Benjamin A
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a novel current mode (CM) building block termed Voltage differencing current conveyor transconductance amplifier (VDCCTA) is developed by combining the voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) and an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This modern active block VDCCTA is extended for applications such as a lossless inductor, filter design, and chaotic circuit design. An active inductor simulator (AIS) without any component matching is designed using the proposed VDCCTA block and a grounded capacitor as a first application that offers flexibility to model grounded positive active inductor (GPAI), grounded negative active inductor (GNAI), and floating positive active inductor (FPAI) circuits. Moreover, the proposed positive active inductor (PAI) can also be translated for multiple input single output (MISO) voltage mode (VM) universal filter with two external passive elements and chaotic circuitry. The characteristics of VDCCTA are verified with the CM multifunction filter, VM band-pass filter, and VM-MISO filter. A complete exercise of this newly reported VDCCTA block is analyzed for their port characteristics validation and the performance parameters using PSPICE simulation. Finally, experimental verification of the proposed AIS is tested to justify the theoretical and simulated results.
Text Coverless Information Hiding Based on the Combination of Chinese Character Components
Authors: Wang Junyu , Zhu Yani , Ni Jiaming , Wang Hui , Yao Ye
Published: August 2022

In recent research works on coverless text information hiding, there are two main problems to be solved: low hiding success rate and small hiding capacity caused by the small amount of redundant information in the cover text. In order to overcome these problems, a method of coverless information hiding based on the combination of Chinese character components is proposed. This method is based on the traditional “location tag [Formula: see text] keywords” mode for coverless information hiding, but with an improved design to extend the scope of available keywords for data hiding beyond the original cover texts. In our proposed method, each Chinese character in the keyword is split into two components: radicals and independent Chinese character, which are collected and will be recombined in pairs to generate the new Chinese characters. This method increases the hiding success rate and hiding capacity by generating Chinese characters that do not exist in the original cover text. The experimental result shows that the proposed method can utilize less size of carrier text database for efficient information hiding. When the size of carrier text database is reduced to 198[Formula: see text]MB, the highest hidden capacity and hidden success that can be achieved are 13.45 and 0.99, respectively.
Subregular W-algebras of type A
Authors: Fehily Zachary
Published: August 2022

Subregular W-algebras are an interesting and increasingly important class of quantum hamiltonian reductions of affine vertex algebras. Here, we show that the [Formula: see text] subregular W-algebra can be realized in terms of the [Formula: see text] regular W-algebra and the half lattice vertex algebra [Formula: see text]. This generalizes the realizations found for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in [D. Adamović, Realizations of simple affine vertex algebras and their modules: The cases [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], Comm. Math. Phys. 366 (2019) 1025–1067, arXiv:1711.11342 [math.QA]; D. Adamović, K. Kawasetsu and D. Ridout, A realization of the Bershadsky–Polyakov algebras and their relaxed modules, Lett. Math. Phys., 111 (2021) 1–30, arXiv:2007.00396 [math.QA]] and can be interpreted as an inverse quantum hamiltonian reduction in the sense of Adamović. We use this realization to explore the representation theory of [Formula: see text] subregular W-algebras. Much of the structure encountered for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is also present for [Formula: see text]. Particularly, the simple [Formula: see text] subregular W-algebra at nondegenerate admissible levels can be realized purely in terms of the [Formula: see text] minimal model vertex algebra and [Formula: see text].
Reaction–diffusion on a time-dependent interval: Refining the notion of ‘critical length’
Authors: Allwright Jane
Published: August 2022

A reaction–diffusion equation is studied in a time-dependent interval whose length varies with time. The reaction term is either linear or of KPP type. On a fixed interval, it is well known that if the length is less than a certain critical value then the solution tends to zero. When the domain length may vary with time, we prove conditions under which the solution does and does not converge to zero in long time. We show that, even with the length always strictly less than the ‘critical length’, either outcome may occur. Examples are given. The proof is based on upper and lower estimates for the solution, which are derived in this paper for a general time-dependent interval.
Existence and asymptotic behavior of non-normal conformal metrics on ℝ4 with sign-changing Q-curvature
Authors: Bernardini Chiara
Published: August 2022

We consider the following prescribed [Formula: see text]-curvature problem: [Formula: see text] We show that for every polynomial [Formula: see text] of degree 2 such that [Formula: see text], and for every [Formula: see text], there exists at least one solution to problem  ( 1 ) which assumes the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] behaves logarithmically at infinity. Conversely, we prove that all solutions to  ( 1 ) have the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a polynomial of degree at most two bounded from above. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] is a solution to  ( 1 ), it has the following asymptotic behavior: [Formula: see text] As a consequence, we give a geometric characterization of solutions in terms of the scalar curvature at infinity of the associated conformal metric [Formula: see text].
Complete systems of inequalities relating the perimeter, the area and the Cheeger constant of planar domains
Authors: Ftouhi Ilias
Published: August 2022

The object of the paper is to find complete systems of inequalities relating the perimeter [Formula: see text], the area [Formula: see text] and the Cheeger constant [Formula: see text] of planar sets. To do so, we study the so-called Blaschke–Santaló diagram of the triplet [Formula: see text] for different classes of domains: simply connected sets, convex sets and convex polygons with at most [Formula: see text] sides. We completely determine the diagram in the latter cases except for the class of convex [Formula: see text]-gons when [Formula: see text] is odd: therein, we show that the boundary of the diagram is given by the graphs of two continuous and strictly increasing functions. An explicit formula for the lower one and a numerical method to obtain the upper one is provided. At last, some applications of the results are presented.
Local Hölder regularity of minimizers for nonlocal variational problems
Authors: Novaga Matteo , Onoue Fumihiko
Published: August 2022

We study the regularity of solutions to a nonlocal variational problem, which is related to the image denoising model, and we show that, in two dimensions, minimizers have the same Hölder regularity as the original image. More precisely, if the datum is (locally) [Formula: see text]-Hölder continuous for some [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a parameter related to the nonlocal operator, we prove that the solution is also [Formula: see text]-Hölder continuous.
EFFECT OF A VARIABLE MAGNETIC FIELD ON PERISTALTIC SLIP FLOW OF BLOOD-BASED HYBRID NANOFLUID THROUGH A NONUNIFORM ANNULAR CHANNEL
Authors: DOLUI SOUMINI , BHAUMIK BIVAS , DE SOUMEN , CHANGDAR SATYASARAN
Published: August 2022

This paper analyzes the impact of hybrid nanoparticles (Cu–TiO2) on a two-dimensional peristaltic blood flow pattern in a nonuniform cylindrical annulus in the presence of an external induced magnetic field with wall slip. Further, this study focuses on the flow dynamics of single and hybrid nanofluids through endoscopic or catheterized effects. The mathematical model consisting of continuity, linear momentum, thermal energy, and Maxwell’s equations is simplified under the assumptions of long wavelength and negligible Reynolds number. The Homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is employed to get an approximate analytical solution of nonlinear dimensionless momentum equations. Based on the mathematical relationships and graphic visualization, the influence of the pertinent parameters described the velocity profile, temperature distribution, induced magnetic field, current density distribution, wall shear stress, and heat transfer coefficient. With the help of contours, the trapping phenomenon is also presented. The results reveal that the Lorentz force significantly reduces the Cu–TiO2/blood nanofluid velocity, whereas the elevating Grashof number does the opposite. Compared with copper nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles have a higher wall shear stress. The increasing values of Reynolds numbers amplify the induced magnetic field on annular surfaces. In the axial direction, Lorentz force significantly decreases the current density distribution for hybrid nanofluid. Moreover, hybrid nanoparticles (Cu–TiO2) exhibit superior heat transfer than Copper (Cu) nanoparticles in the blood-based fluid. According to the graphical outcomes, hybrid nanoparticles are comparatively more effective than unitary nanoparticles in the blood.
Public-Sector Accounting Reforms and Governmental Efficiency: A Two-Stage Approach
Authors: Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Bisogno Marco , Vaia Giovanni
Published: August 2022

Synopsis

The research problem

We investigated the association between public-sector accounting reforms and efficiency at a central-government level, assessing efficiency through a global perspective.

Motivation

The effects of financial management reforms on efficiency have rarely been investigated. We contribute to the academic debate concerning both public-sector accounting reforms (implementation of international accounting standards and accrual-accounting systems) and governmental efficiency, merging two streams of literature that have not been investigated thoroughly.

The test hypotheses

H1: Countries that have implemented IPSAS are more efficient.

H2: Countries that have implemented accrual-accounting systems are more efficient.

Target population

We used a sample of 22 European countries in the period 2010–2018.

Adopted methodology

We adopted a two-step approach: first, we created several efficiency indicators using different techniques; second, we implemented a model to test our hypotheses.

Analyses

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, DEA with application of the bootstrap technique, and Order-m model

Findings

Accrual accounting was positively associated with efficiency while findings did not totally support an association with IPSAS.
Static and Dynamic Deflection Characteristics of Cracked Porous FG Panels
Authors: Choudhary Jainarayan , Patle Bhumesh Kumar , Ramteke Prashik Malhari , Hirwani Chetan Kumar , Panda Subrata Kumar , Katariya Pankaj V.
Published: August 2022

The deflection responses of the cracked porous graded structure under the variable loading conditions (static and dynamic) are investigated numerically with the help of a commercial tool (ABAQUS). The model includes the grading in two different directions (along the thickness and length by setting the relevant volume fraction exponents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], i.e., of the functionally graded material (FGM) for the analysis purpose. Additionally, different material gradings, i.e., power-law (P-FGM), sigmoid (S-FGM), and exponential (E-FGM), are adopted to achieve the distribution patterns within the FG panel. Further, the porosity and the damage (crack) have been introduced in the graded structural panel. The python scripting language is used to model the FGM plate via the batch input technique, i.e., ABAQUS kernel, instead of the standard GUI interface. The accuracy has been confirmed by validating the results with the published available results, and the applicability is stated through a series of numerical examples by changing input parameters.
Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Nanometer-Thick Graphite Film and Graphene Using the Bulge Test
Authors: Yeo Jin-Ho , Hu Qicheng , Nam Ki-Bong , Kim Mun Ja , Kim Tae-Sung , Oh Byungdu , Yoo Ji-Beom
Published: August 2022

The mechanical properties of nanometer-thick graphite film (NGF) and graphene were characterized using a bulge test. Young’s modulus, fracture stress, residual strain and stress of the NGF were measured. The NGF was synthesized on a Ni/SiO2/Si substrate using a chemical vapor deposition system. Large-area freestanding NGF was prepared via camphor transfer. Young’s modulus, fracture stress and fracture strain of the NGF were 106 GPa, 462 MPa, and 0.3%, respectively, confirming that the bulge test is a very useful technique for evaluating the mechanical properties of NGF. A bulge test was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of graphene with a free-standing poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (PC)/graphene layer. Large-area freestanding PC/2D material layers were prepared by peeling-off and stamping. The PC layer was used as the supporting layer in this study. Young’s modulus of graphene was calculated from Young’s modulus of the PC/2D material layers and PC layers using the rule of mixtures. Young’s modulus of the graphene was 260 GPa. The results of this study confirm the efficacy of the bulge test for determining the mechanical properties of nanometer-thick films and 2D materials, including graphene.
Checkerboard-like structure in columnar W–Mo thin films
Authors: Martin Nicolas , Cote Jean-Marc , Boukhalfa Houssem , Potin Valérie
Published: August 2022

Implementing bottom-up approaches to control the columnar architecture of thin films at the nanoscale is a powerful tool for developing surface properties. While inclined columns, zigzags or helices made of a single material are now commonly produced by oblique angle deposition processes, the creation of more complex and original structures associating at least two different materials still remains a challenging task, even more on silicon substrate. Herein, we show how to prepare tungsten/molybdenum columns exhibiting a checkerboard-like structure with motifs of a few tens of nanometers. Although understanding the growth phenomena becomes more problematic when two components are simultaneously provided during the film fabrication, this original combination of controlled mosaics in columnar thin films enables new opportunities to produce some unusual nanostructures for functional materials.
EXPLORING CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR NET-ZERO POLICIES: WILLINGNESS TO PAY AMONG UK CITIZENS FOR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION TARGETS UNDER DIFFERENT FUTURE DISCOUNTING ASSUMPTIONS
Authors: LAWTON RICKY N. , FUJIWARA DANIEL
Published: August 2022

Following the UK’s hosting of the United Nations Convention of the Parties Climate Summit in 2021, political targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions — “Net-Zero” — have gained momentum. We address the gap in how public preferences are accounted for in climate decision-making by applying Contingent-Valuation techniques which ask people to state their Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for the UK’s 2050 Net-Zero target. Mean WTP is £37.57/household to support Net-Zero (median £11.25), with a present-value of £2.3 billion across UK households. While younger people are more likely to experience the long-term impacts of climate change, older generations are willing to pay more to support it, suggesting that public support for Net-Zero is largely based on “nonuse” benefits, rather than direct “use” benefits to oneself. The COVID-19 epidemic affected WTP bids in a quarter of respondents. Finally, we explore how choice of positive or normative discount rate affects policy conclusions when monetizing consumer preferences.
The Striation-Correlation-Based Beamforming for Estimating the Green’s Function in a Shallow Water Waveguide
Authors: Liu Chang Peng , Zhou Shi Hong , Qi Yu Bo , Zhang Xue Dong , Zhang Di , Yang Xi Shan
Published: August 2022

In shallow water, there exist regular interference striations on the structured sound intensity pattern versus frequency and element location of a horizontal array. Beamforming along the striation with frequency-shifted pressure can improve the correlation among array signals, but the beam focusing performance is limited by the source spectrum (e.g. random phase spectrum generated from ship-radiated noise) and signal truncation. In this paper, the cross-correlation phase relationship among the array signals is deduced, and striation-based beamforming with such cross-correlated data can produce a similar directivity to the conventional beamforming, while the effect from signal truncation and source spectrum can be eliminated. This striation-correlation-based beamforming also outputs the signal corresponding to the Green’s function between the source and the reference array element, moreover, recovers the interference structure that characters the channel. The striation-based array signal processing also provides the proposed Greens function estimation method with the ability to work effectively under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results are presented and performance variations related to signal frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, striation slope estimation error, element number and array aperture are also analyzed numerically.
How AI is driving the esports boom
Authors: Kugler Logan
Published: August 2022

Artificial intelligence is helping the esports industry take the world by storm.
The road to 6G
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: August 2022

Looking past 5G to sixth-generation wireless technology.
Advancing the ability of robots to help
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: August 2022

ACM Athena Lecturer Ayanna Howard considers the benefits of robotics and the potential drawbacks of overtrust.
These are not the apes you are looking for
Authors: Guadamuz Andres
Published: August 2022

Considering copyright licensing issues involving non-fungible tokens to manage creative works.
Anodic Processes during the Electrowinning of Niobium from Chloride-Fluoride Melts and the Influence of Oxide Ions on Them
Authors: Kuznetsov S. A.
Published: August 2022

Anodic processes were studied in chloride-fluoride, fluoride melts by voltammetry and gas chromatography mass spectrometry method. It was found that the reason for the occurrence of the anodic effect during the electrolysis of the KCl-KF-K2NbF7 melt is the formation of the compound CxFy on the electrode surface, which has electrical insulating properties. Influence of oxide ions on the anodic processes in the KCl-KF-K2NbF7 melt was investigated. It was determined that oxide ions and oxofluoride complexes of niobium oxidize at a glassy carbon electrode at more negative potentials than fluoride ions. The anodic effect in the chloride-fluoride melt containing oxide ions and oxofluoride complexes of niobium can be reached if the anodic current density will be higher than the limiting current density of electrooxidation of oxide ions and niobium oxofluoride complexes.
Green Synthesis of Fe3O4/Chitosan Nanoparticles Utilizing Moringa Oleifera Extracts and Their Surface Plasmon Resonance Properties
Authors: Cuana Rona , Panre Andi Marwanti , Istiqomah Nurul Imani , Tumbelaka Rivaldo Marsel , Sunaryono  , Wicaksono Sigit Tri , Suharyadi Edi
Published: August 2022

In this study, a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly green approach for synthesizing Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/chitosan nanoparticles with various concentrations was developed. The nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a cubic inverse spinel structure. The functionalization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles using chitosan increased the crystallite size of the nanoparticles from 7.2 to 7.8 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectra of the Fe3O4/chitosan nanoparticles showed the existence of the characteristic peaks of chitosan in addition to a peak at 578 cm−1, which corresponds to the stretching of the Fe−O group. The UV-visible spectra demonstrated a wide absorption band with the appearance of small peaks of chitosan absorption at 205 and 215 nm. The saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4 was 54.1 emu g−1. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements showed an enhancement in the SPR angle as the ratio of chitosan to Fe3O4 increased, wherein the angle shift from 0.17° to 1.91°. The chitosan covering the Fe3O4 nanoparticle surface caused the refractive index to change, which increased the SPR angle shift. The obtained results indicated that the SPR properties of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were significantly improved by modification with chitosan. These results also indicated that the use of chitosan in Fe3O4 nanoparticles can enhance SPR properties, which has potential for future SPR-based sensor applications.
The Long Noncoding RNA MEG3 Retains Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Sponging miR-146b-5p to Regulate SLFN5 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Gu Xuefeng , Li Jingyi , Zuo Xiaojia , Chen Kaijie , Wan Guoqing , Deng Li-li , Zhao Weiming , Lu Changlian
Published: August 2022

More and more studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in malignant tumors. The lncRNA MEG3 serves as a crucial molecule in breast cancer development, but the specific molecular mechanism needs to be further explored. We previously reported that Schlafen family member 5 (SLFN5) inhibits breast cancer malignant development by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and proliferation/apoptosis. Herein, we demonstrated that MEG3 was downregulated in pan-cancers and correlated with SLFN5 expression positively in breast cancer by bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and UCSC Xena data. Intervention with MEG3 positively affected SLFN5 expression in breast cancer cells. MEG3 repressed EMT and migration/invasion, similar to our previously reported functions of SLFN5 in breast cancer. Through bioinformatics analysis of starBase and LncBase data, 12 miRNAs were found to regulate both SLFN5 and MEG3, in which miR-146b-5p was confirmed to be regulated by MEG3 using MEG3 siRNA and overexpression method. MiR-146b-5p could bind to both SLFN5 3

′

UTR and MEG3, and inhibit their expression in a competing endogenous RNA mechanism, assayed by luciferase reporter and RNA pull down methods. Therefore, we conclude that MEG3 positively modulates SLFN5 expression by sponging miR-146b-5p and inhibits breast cancer development.
Negative Feedback of the cAMP/PKA Pathway Regulates the Effects of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation on Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis as a Novel Mechanism of BLM-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Hong Qiaohui , Zhang Yue , Lin Weixian , Wang Wei , Yuan Yafei , Lin Jiajia , Xie Zhanzhan , Li Xu , Meng Ying
Published: August 2022

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, especially in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) apoptosis. ER stress also promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation which is inhibited by upregulation of cAMP/PKA pathway. However, it is confused whether ER stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells which exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis via a mechanism that is suppressed by cAMP/PKA pathway. In our research, we explored that potential links among NLRP3 inflammasome, ER stress, and cAMP/PKA pathway in type II AECs to explain the new mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis. We found that in vivo, ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and PKA upregulated in the alveolar epithelial area in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and cAMP/PKA had potential links on type II AECs in BLM group. In vitro, ER stress stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation, promoted pyroptosis, and also upregulated cAMP/PKA pathway. Upregulation of cAMP/PKA pathway inhibited ER stress-induced pyroptosis of A549 cells and vice versa. These results initially supported conclusion that ER stress may stimulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in type II AECs, which exacerbated pulmonary fibrosis, and cAMP/PKA pathway may act as a feedback regulator.
Effect of Intelligent Operating Hole Towel in Cataract Patients
Authors: Xu Suhui , Lan Meijuan , Cai Haiyan , Zhang Pei
Published: August 2022

Backgrounds. The eyeball and its ancillary tissues are important organs with the same shape and structure, and examining the surgical site is particularly important in ophthalmic surgery. A safe and easy-to-operate ophthalmic surgical hole towel is of great significance for improving the safety of ophthalmic surgery. Objective. To explore the effect of intelligent operating hole towel in cataract patients. Methods. From April 2020 to April 2021, 1220 cases of cataract patients who needed surgery in the second affiliated hospital Zhejiang University college of medicine, were recruited and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. The control group adopted a disposable ophthalmic single-port operation cloth, and the intelligent surgical hole towel was used in the observation group. Incidences of surgical site errors, the amount of operation time, bacterial infections, and patient satisfaction were recorded. Results. The average operation time in the observation group had obviously reduced compared with the control group

p
<
0.05

. Moreover, patients’ overall medical satisfaction in the observation group improved significantly compared with the control group

p
<
0.05

. Conclusions. The design and use of the new intelligent ophthalmic surgical hole towel can promote the efficiency of ophthalmic surgery, realize the intelligent verification of surgical eye, reduce the risk of surgical site errors and improve medical safety.
Approach to Predict Land Subsidence in Old Goafs considering the Influence of Engineering Noise
Authors: Du Chao , Zu Fajin , Han Chunpeng
Published: August 2022

Considering that it is easily disturbed by various engineering factors such as weather, hydrology, and construction during engineering monitoring, the collected subsidence data contain various noises. In order to reduce the influence of engineering noise on the accuracy of subsidence prediction, it is proposed to use the Daubechies (DB) wavelet to decompose the original subsidence time series; the items with the low-frequency trend, after decomposition, are predicted using long short-term memory (LSTM) model, items with high-frequency noise used the autoregressive (AR) time series model to make predictions, and the prediction results of the low-frequency trend term and the high-frequency noise term are summed to obtain the total time series predicted value. Combining the actual engineering subsidence monitoring data of the old goaf, compared with the prediction results of the LSTM and RNN models without DB wavelet decomposition and the gray model GM (1,1), the results show that the DB wavelet has an obvious improvement effect in reducing the influence of measurement data noise on prediction error. Compared with the single prediction model LSTM, RNN, and GM (1,1), the proposed prediction model has higher prediction accuracy, smaller error, and better trend. It can be used as a calculation method to improve the prediction accuracy of surface subsidence in old goaf.
Matching Teaching Content and Strategy of Practical Document Writing and Processing Courses Based on Wisdom Education
Authors: Li Juekun , Zhou Ziyu
Published: August 2022

Writing ability is an important carrier to measure the comprehensive quality of college students, but the current situation of practical document writing and document processing courses in higher vocational colleges is worrying. In terms of school management, managers of higher vocational colleges try their best to meet the teaching and training needs of professional courses, but few managers pay attention to the course of practical writing and document processing. Therefore, in view of this phenomenon, this paper aims to study the matching of teaching contents and strategies of practical document writing and document processing courses under the background of wisdom education. This paper proposes a support vector machine algorithm based on artificial intelligence and a collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on cloud computing. Smart education is education informatization, which refers to the process of comprehensively and deeply using modern information technology in the field of education to promote the reform and development of education. Its technical characteristics are digitization, networking, intelligence, and multimedia. The experimental results of this paper show that under the new smart classroom teaching mode, 21 students are very satisfied, accounting for 46.7%, and 12 students are satisfied, accounting for 26.6%. Only 4 students were dissatisfied, representing a percentage of 8.9%. This fully shows that the teaching mode of the new smart classroom is more popular with students and is more conducive to the improvement of students’ learning efficiency. Therefore, the research on the background of wisdom is very meaningful.
Vision‐Based Dynamic Displacement Measurement of Isolation Bearing
Authors: He Yizhe , Dang Yu
Published: August 2022

The existing computer vision‐based structural displacement measurement method can only obtain structural displacement when the camera is fixed or the pose of the camera is known at all times. However, the aforementioned conditions cannot be met when an earthquake occurs. Therefore, this study presents a method to achieve a dynamic displacement measure of an isolated bearing from a video without the known camera motion: two cameras are set up along the horizontal orthogonal direction, and circular targets are set at the upper and lower connecting plates of the isolation bearing. A combination of HSV color space, Canny edge detection, and Hough transform circle detection is used to obtain the dynamic displacement of the isolation bearing. This task is done by measuring the relative displacement between the upper and lower target points. A basic mechanical performance test of LRB500 isolation bearing is used to verify the proposed method. The result shows that the horizontal displacement time history of the isolation bearing obtained by this method is almost the same as the result obtained by the displacement meter whether the camera is moving or fixed. However, compared with the results measured by the displacement meter, the absolute error of the peak horizontal and vertical displacements are both less than 1 mm, which indicates that the proposed method can be used in displacement monitoring under long‐term load and earthquake action of isolation bearing.
Mechanical Properties of Sandstones after Freeze‐Thaw Cycles and Models for Their Strength Prediction
Authors: Jin Jiaxu , Ma Junzu , Liang Bing , Zhang Guosen , Yuan Shihao
Published: August 2022

In cold regions, rock’s load‐bearing capacity will be greatly diminished in severe settings. This research investigates the influence of freezing and thawing on the physical and mechanical characteristics of sandstone, as well as the strength under complicated stress conditions. Uniaxial compression of sandstone samples was performed following freeze‐thaw cycles, and the changes in elastic modulus and peak stress of dry sandstone and saturated sandstone were investigated under various freeze‐thaw cycles. ANOVA was used to analyze whether there were significant differences between the number of freeze‐thaw cycles and the peak strength and elastic modulus. A three‐parameter strength prediction model based on σC, k0, and m is created based on the critical failure energy function. Experimental data is utilized to assess the model’s correctness, and the model is used to forecast the strength of dry and saturated sandstone during freeze‐thaw cycles. The result indicates that peak stress and elastic modulus of dry and saturated sandstone show a steady attenuation pattern as the number of freeze‐thaw cycles increases. Brittle failure is the failure mode of dry sandstone, whereas brittle failure to plastic failure is the failure mode of saturated sandstone. After 60 freeze‐thaw cycles, peak stress in dry and saturated sandstone was reduced by 55.3% and 56.8%, respectively. The three‐parameter model can predict the triaxial compressive strength of specimens under different confining pressures through the uniaxial compressive strength of specimens with an error range of 1% to 13%.
Research on M/M/1 Queue of Exponential Departure Intensity
Authors: Yang Huan
Published: August 2022

For the queuing model with a single service window in system, the length of a queue has a great influence on the service rate. Study on the M/M/1 queuing model with variable service has practical significance. Also, the study can provide the basis for improving both economic efficiency and service efficiency. So far, there is little discussion about the departure intensity of exponential form for M/M/1 queue. On the basis of the study of Singh and Kumar Acharya (2021), this thesis has established the M/M/1 impatient waiting queue of leaving intensity of

α

k

=
k

e

k

. First, the systems’ condition shift chart of the waiting queue has been drawn. Then, we obtained the steady-state distribution and analyzed the system performance measure. We gave an example to show the application of the model finally.
Establishment and Validation of a Predictive Model for Radiation-Associated Aspiration Pneumonia in Patients with Radiation-Induced Dysphagia after Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Li Honghong , He Yong , Zhuo Xiaohuang , Yue Zongwei , Rong Xiaoming , Li Yike , Li Yi , He Lei , Cheng Jinping , Pan Dong , Xue Ruiqi , Cai Jinhua , Jiang Jingru , Xu Yongteng , Tang Yamei
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Radiotherapy for patients with head and neck cancers raises their risk of aspiration pneumonia-related death. We aimed to develop and validate a model to predict radiation-associated aspiration pneumonia (RAP) among patients with dysphagia after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods. A total of 453 dysphagic patients with NPC were retrospectively recruited from Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from January 2012 to January 2018. Patients were randomly divided into training cohort (

n
=
302

) and internal validation cohort (

n
=
151

) at a ratio of 2 : 1. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the accuracy and discriminative ability of this model. Moreover, decision curve analysis was performed to evaluate the net clinical benefit. The results were externally validated in 203 dysphagic patients from the First People’s Hospital of Foshan. Results. Derived from multivariable analysis of the training cohort, four independent factors were introduced to predict RAP, including Kubota water drinking test grades, the maximum radiation dose of lymph node gross tumor volume (Dmax of the GTVnd), neutrophil count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The nomogram showed favorable calibration and discrimination regarding the training cohort, with a C-index of 0.749 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.681 to 0.817), which was confirmed by the internal validation cohort (C-index 0.743; 95% CI, 0.669 to 0.818) and the external validation cohort (C-index 0.722; 95% CI, 0.606 to 0.838). Conclusions. Our study established and validated a simple nomogram for RAP among patients with dysphagia after radiotherapy for NPC.
Video Image Moving Target Recognition Method Based on Generated Countermeasure Network
Authors: Li Zilong , Jiang DaiHong , Wang Hongdong , Li Dan
Published: August 2022

In order to improve the accuracy of video image moving target recognition and shorten the recognition time, a video image moving target recognition method based on a generation countermeasure network is proposed. Firstly, the image sensor is used to collect the video image and obtain the video image sequence. The Roberts operator is used for edge detection and Gaussian smoothing of the video image. Secondly, the normalization method is used to extract the key features of moving targets in video images. Finally, training is carried out alternately to generate the countermeasure network model, and the video image moving target recognition sample results are output according to the training results to realize the video image moving target recognition. The experimental results show that the highest recognition accuracy of the proposed method is 98.1%, and the longest recognition time is only 5.7 s, indicating that its recognition effect is good.
Well Pattern and Well Spacing Optimization of Large Volume Water Injection in a Low-Permeability Reservoir with Pressure Sensitivity
Authors: Zhan Jie , Tian Yafei , Fan Chao , Ma Xianlin , Nie Ren-Shi , Ji Dongqi , Li Teng , Yu Hongyan
Published: August 2022

Even with the fractured wells, the primary oil recovery of low-permeability reservoirs is still poor in Block X of Shengli Oilfield. To further enhance the oil recovery, water is injected into the reservoir. Different from the conventional injection scheme, the maximum daily injection rate of the proposed scheme by Shengli Oilfield reaches 2000 m3, and the average daily injection rate is around 1500 m3. Thus, the conventional well spacing of certain well pattern is not suitable for the novel injection scheme. In the paper, the optimal well pattern and well spacing for the large volume water injection scheme to develop a pressure-sensitive low-permeability reservoir is investigated. Firstly, the CMG is employed to build the basic reservoir model developed by fractured vertical wells. To finely depict the pressure sensitivity, the dilation-recompaction geomechanical model is introduced to couple with the basic reservoir model. Based on the established coupled model, the optimal well spacing for the inverted 5-spot well pattern and the inverted 9-spot well pattern is investigated with a total of 80 sets of numerical experiments. The numerical experiments indicate that the optimal well spacing for the inverted 5-spot well pattern is 850 m/350 m and the optimal well spacing for the inverted 9-spot well pattern is 550 m/450 m. To further screen the well pattern, the normalized index of oil production per unit area of each well pattern is proposed. And it is found that the oil production per unit area of the inverted 5-spot well pattern is higher than the inverted 9-spot well pattern. For the reservoir developed with fractured vertical wells coupled with large volume water injection, compared with the inverted 9-spot well pattern, the inverted 5-spot well pattern is better, and the corresponding optimal well spacing is 850 m/350 m. The paper proposes an efficient simulation and optimization workflow for the development of pressure-sensitive low-permeability reservoirs with fractured vertical wells coupled with large volume water injection, providing practical guidance for the efficient and sustainable development of pressure-sensitive low-permeability reservoirs.