bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rheological Properties of Lamellae‐Forming Diblock Copolymers
Authors: Tomiyoshi Yoshinori , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Aoyagi Takeshi , Morita Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

The present study investigates rheological properties of microphase‐separated lamellar structures formed by unentangled and weakly entangled diblock copolymer melts under a finite amplitude oscillatory shear flow and a steady shear flow. To simulate such a system, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation is employed to reproduce the lamellar structures, where a multi‐chain slip‐spring model is combined with DPD simulation to mimic entanglement effects. By imposing an oscillatory shear flow, this model enables us to measure storage and loss moduli for three different (parallel, perpendicular, and transverse) lamellar orientations with respect to the flow direction. These orientations display distinctive rheological behaviors, and especially the transverse orientation exhibits a peculiar behavior owing to a finite expansion of the lamellar interfaces, which differs from a previous study. In a steady shear flow, steady shear viscosities of parallel and perpendicular orientations are evaluated. In this case, the orientations of lamellar domains and the local orientation and stretching of bonds near the lamellar interfaces affect the steady shear viscosities. A spatial distribution of entanglements also affects the steady shear viscosities differently from another previous study.
Field‐Driven Reversal Models in Artificial Spin Ice
Authors: Paterson Gary W. , Macauley Gavin M. , Macêdo Rair
Published: June 2021

A set of topological arrangements of individual ferromagnetic islands in ideal and disordered artificial spin ice (ASI) arrays is investigated in order to evaluate how aspects of their field‐driven reversal are affected by the model used. The set contains the pinwheel and square ice tilings, and thus a range of magnetic ordering and reversal properties are tested. It is found that a simple point dipole model performs relatively well for square ice, but it does not replicate the properties observed in recent experiments with pinwheel ice. Parameterization of the reversal barrier in a Stoner–Wohlfarth model improves upon this, but fails to capture aspects of the physics of ferromagnetic coupling observed in pinwheel structures which have been attributed to the non‐Ising nature of the islands. In particular, spin canting is found to be important in pinwheel arrays, but not in square ones, due to their different symmetries. The authors' findings will improve the modeling of ASI structures for fundamental research and in applications which are reliant upon the ability to obtain and switch through known states using an externally applied field.
Wax‐Transferred Hydrophobic CVD Graphene Enables Water‐Resistant and Dendrite‐Free Lithium Anode toward Long Cycle Li–Air Battery
Authors: Ma Yong , Qi Pengwei , Ma Jun , Wei Le , Zhao Liang , Cheng Jian , Su Yanhui , Gu Yuting , Lian Yuebin , Peng Yang , Shen Yanbin , Chen Liwei , Deng Zhao , Liu Zhongfan
Published: June 2021

One of the key challenges in achieving practical lithium–air battery is the poor moisture tolerance of the lithium metal anode. Herein, guided by theoretical modeling, an effective tactic for realizing water‐resistant Li anode by implementing a wax‐assisted transfer protocol is reported to passivate the Li surface with an inert high‐quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene layer. This electrically conductive and mechanically robust graphene coating enables serving as an artificial solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI), guiding homogeneous Li plating/stripping, suppressing dendrite and “dead” Li formation, as well as passivating the Li surface from moisture erosion and side reactions. Consequently, lithium–air batteries fabricated with the passivated Li anodes demonstrate a superb cycling performance up to 2300 h (230 cycles at 1000 mAh g−1, 200 mA g−1). More strikingly, the anode recycled thereafter can be recoupled with a fresh cathode to continuously run for 400 extended hours. Comprehensive time‐lapse and ex situ microscopic and spectroscopic investigations are further carried out for elucidating the fundamentals behind the extraordinary air and electrochemical stability.
Generating Short‐Chain Sulfur Suitable for Efficient Sodium–Sulfur Batteries via Atomic Copper Sites on a N,O‐Codoped Carbon Composite
Authors: Xiao Fengping , Wang Hongkang , Xu Jun , Yang Wenqi , Yang Xuming , Yu Denis Y. W. , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: June 2021

Sodium–sulfur batteries have attracted attention due to their high energy capacities and low costs, but the dissolution of sodium polysulfides still severely affects their cycle life, limiting their real‐world applications. Herein, a stable sulfur host is reported, based on a N,O‐codoped carbon composite derived from a bimetallic Cu–Zn metal‐organic framework, which ensures high sulfur loading (67 wt%). Most importantly, this composite also includes single‐atom copper catalysts, with a high Cu loading of 8.03 wt%. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis show that single atoms of Cu are coordinated with two N and two O atoms within the produced composite material. Those copper sites can weaken SS bonds in the S8 ring structure, and thus are able to catalyze the formation of short‐chain sulfur molecules in even larger‐size pores. In addition, Cu atoms facilitate the conversion between the short‐chain sulfur and Na2S. As a result, when the produced sulfur‐loaded carbon framework containing the atomic Cu catalyst is used as a cathode for sodium–sulfur batteries, it exhibits superior capacity of 776 mAh g–1 with a high sulfur utilization (1158 mAh gs–1 normalized with sulfur content) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g–1, and an excellent rate performance of 483 mAh g–1 (720 mAh gs–1) at 5 A g–1.
Seeing potential opportunities for teaching (SPOT): Evaluating a bundle of interventions to augment entrustable professional activity acquisition
Authors: Sample Spencer , Al Rimawi Hussein , Bérczi Beatrix , Chorley Alexander , Pardhan Alim , Chan Teresa M.
Published: June 2021

Introduction

Within the Canadian competency‐based medical education system, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are used to assess residents on performed clinical duties. This study aimed to determine whether implementing a bundle of two interventions (a case‐based discussion intervention and a rotation‐based nudging system) could increase the number of EPA assessments that could occur for our trainees.

Methods

The authors designed an intervention bundle with two components: 1) a case‐based workshop where trainees discussed which EPAs could be assessed with multiple cases and 2) a nudging system wherein each trainee was reminded of EPAs that would be useful to them on each rotation in their first year. We conducted a retrospective program evaluation to compare the intervention cohort (2019) to two historical cohorts using similar EPAs (2017, 2018).

Results

Data from 22 trainees (seven in 2017, eight in 2018, and seven in 2019) were analyzed. There was a marked increase in the total number of EPA assessments acquired in the 2019 cohort (average per resident = 285.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 256.1 to 312.3, range = 195–350) compared to the two other years (2018 [average = 132.4, 95% CI = 107.5 to 157.02, range = 107–167] and 2017 [70.1, 95% CI 45.3 to 91.0, range = 49–95]), yielding an effect size of Cohen's d = 4.02 for our intervention bundle.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of a small sample size, there was a strong effect of introducing two interventions (a case‐based orientation and a nudging system) upon EPA assessments with PGY‐1 residents. These strategies may be useful to others seeking to improve EPA assessment numbers in other specialties and clinical environments.
Diethinylphosphinate für die Cystein‐selektive Proteinmarkierung und Disulfid‐Verbrückung
Authors: Stieger Christian E. , Franz Luise , Körlin Frieder , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: June 2021

Diethinylphosphinate wurden als bisfunktionelle Elektrophile für die ortsselektive Modifikation von Peptiden, Proteinen und Antikörpern entwickelt. Eine ihrer elektronenarmen Dreifachbindungen reagiert selektiv mit einem Thiol und positioniert eine elektrophile Einheit für eine nachfolgende intra‐ oder intermolekulare Reaktion mit einem anderen Thiol. Die erhaltenen Konjugate erwiesen sich im menschlichen Plasma und in Gegenwart kleiner Thiole als stabil. Wir zeigen weiter, dass diese Methode für die Generierung von funktionellen Proteinkonjugaten für den intrazellulären Transport geeignet ist. Schließlich wurde diese Reagenzklasse verwendet, um funktionale, homogen verbrückte Antikörper zu generieren, die spezifisch für ihr Ziel bleiben. Ihre modulare Synthese, Thiol‐Selektivität und die Stabilität der Konjugate machen Diethinylphosphinate zu idealen Kandidaten für die Proteinkonjugation für biologische und pharmazeutische Anwendungen.
Enantioselective α‐Etherification of Branched Aldehydes via an Oxidative Umpolung Strategy
Authors: Lamhauge Johannes N. , Corti Vasco , Liu Yidong , Jørgensen Karl Anker
Published: June 2021

Saturated carbonyl compounds are, via their enolate analogues, inherently nucleophilic at the α‐position. In the presence of a benzoquinone oxidant, the polarity of the α‐position of racemic α‐branched aldehydes is inverted, allowing for an enantioselective etherification using readily available oxygen‐based nucleophiles and an amino acid‐derived primary amine catalyst. A survey of benzoquinone oxidants identified p‐fluoranil and DDQ as suitable reaction partners. p‐Fluoranil enables the preparation of α‐aryloxylated aldehydes using phenol nucleophiles in up to 91 % ee, following either a one‐step or a two‐step, one‐pot protocol. DDQ allows for a more general etherification protocol in combination with a broader range of alcohol nucleophiles with enantioselectivities up to 95 % ee. Control experiments and isolation of a key quinol intermediate supports a mechanism proceeding via an SN2 dynamic‐kinetic resolution. These studies provide the basis for an aminocatalytic umpolung concept that allows for the asymmetric construction of tertiary ethers in the α‐position of aldehydes.
Diethynyl Phosphinates for Cysteine‐Selective Protein Labeling and Disulfide Rebridging
Authors: Stieger Christian E. , Franz Luise , Körlin Frieder , Hackenberger Christian P. R.
Published: June 2021

Diethynyl phosphinates were developed as bisfunctional electrophiles for the site‐selective modification of peptides, proteins and antibodies. One of their electron‐deficient triple bonds reacts selectively with a thiol and positions an electrophilic moiety for a subsequent intra‐ or intermolecular reaction with another thiol. The obtained conjugates were found to be stable in human plasma and in the presence of small thiols. We further demonstrate that this method is suitable for the generation of functional protein conjugates for intracellular delivery. Finally, this reagent class was used to generate functional homogeneously rebridged antibodies that remain specific for their target. Their modular synthesis, thiol selectivity and conjugate stability make diethynyl phosphinates ideal candidates for protein conjugation for biological and pharmaceutical applications.
Preparation and electrochemical application of an AgNW/graphene/SU‐8 composite conductive photoresist
Authors: Xu Mengyi , Wu Qian , Wei Wei , Liu Xiaoya , Li Xiaojie
Published: June 2021

Photoresists play an increasingly important role in industrial fields like micro‐electro mechanical systems, micromachining, and chip packaging. However, the traditional one‐component photoresist is insulated, and additional steps are required to make it conductive, which complicates the process and limits its application. In order to solve the problem, we establish a one‐step strategy to build conductive composite photoresist. Herein, graphene (GR) and silver nanowire (AgNW) are doped into SU‐8 photoresist to fabricate a photo‐patternable conductive composite. The composite photoresist is employed to make micro‐patterns on an ITO electrode using photolithography, followed by electrochemical reduction of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) to produce a nonenzymatic sensing coating. Experimental results prove that the response current of the obtained sensor is linearly related to the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the range of 1–25 mM. The sensitivity and detection limit of the sensor are 41.8 μA mM−1 cm−2 and 9 μM, respectively. Moreover, excellent sensing performance including anti‐interference, repeatability, and stability demonstrates the potential application of CuNPs/AgNW/GR/SU‐8 composite material in electrochemical sensing.
Synthesis and characterization of melt‐processable polyimides derived from diaminodiphenylsulfone and benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride with excellent heat resistance and thermoplasticity
Authors: Zhou Hanran , Zhang Luhang , Mao Yanyu , Qu Chunyan , Wang Dezhi , Zhang Xiao , Fan Xupeng , Li Hongfeng , Su Kai , Liu Changwei
Published: June 2021

Polyimide has excellent heat resistance, dielectric properties, and mechanical properties, and has a wide range of applications in aerospace, electronic packaging, and insulating materials. However, traditional polyimide is difficult to melt and dissolve, and its processing is difficult, which has become an important reason limiting its practical application. Therefore, the development of high temperature‐resistant thermoplastic polyimide has become a research hotspot. To prepare high temperature‐resistant thermoplastic polyimide materials, a series of thermoplastic polyimides was successfully prepared using 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′‐diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2,3′,3,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 9,9‐bis(4‐aminophenyl)fluorene, and 2,2‐bis(3‐amino‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane via a two‐step method. The effects of non‐coplanar structure and bulky groups on the solubility, processability, and thermal properties of polyimide were studied. The structure, heat resistance and thermoplasticity of polyimide were characterized via various methods. The results show that the glass transition temperature of the prepared thermoplastic polyimide is between 292 and 302°C, and has excellent thermal resistance. The processing viscosity of polyimides is as low as 9210 Pa.s, and it has a certain degree of processing properties. It may be designed to be used in high temperature‐resistant hot melt adhesives for structural components, high temperature‐resistant melt processing resins, or thermoplastic composite materials used in the field of aerospace in the future.
Factors associated with distributions of six fishes of greatest conservation need in streams in midwestern USA
Authors: Simpson Nicholas T. , Bybel Alexander P. , Weber Michael J. , Pierce Clay L. , Roe Kevin J.
Published: June 2021

Many fish species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) in Iowa and Minnesota, USA, have been in decline for decades. A key reason for the decline is the alteration and degradation of naturally flowing streams owing to land use changes resulting from agricultural practices. Populations of several fishes have been adversely affected by widespread stream channelization that has resulted in more homogeneous stream habitats throughout Iowa and Minnesota.

The goal of this study was to determine the abiotic and fish assemblage characteristics associated with the presence of these rare fishes. Electrofishing and seining were used to sample fish assemblages and 43 abiotic characteristics were measured at 111 sites in the North Raccoon and Boone River basins in central Iowa and the Rock River and Beaver Creek basins in north‐west Iowa and south‐west Minnesota during 2016 and 2017.

Six SGCN, including the federally endangered Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka), were included in statistical modelling to determine habitat and fish assemblage characteristics associated with their presence.

Species‐specific nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations indicated that abiotic characteristics and fish assemblages often differed between sites where SGCN were present and absent. Random forest and logistic regression models suggested that the presence of four of six SGCN were positively associated with species richness, whereas all other 10 important abiotic and fish assemblage variables were unique to only one or two of the six SGCN.

Topeka shiners were present at 36% of sites and were positively associated with orangespotted sunfish (Lepomis humilis) catch per unit effort while being negatively associated with canopy cover and fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) catch per unit effort.
Male or female gender‐polarized YouTube videos are less viewed
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Foster David
Published: June 2021

As one of the world's most visited websites, YouTube is potentially influential for learning gendered attitudes. Nevertheless, despite evidence of gender influences within the site for some topics, the extent to which YouTube reflects or promotes male/female or other gender divides is unknown. This article analyses 10,211 YouTube videos published in 12 months from 2014 to 2015 using commenter‐portrayed genders (inferred from usernames) and view counts from the end of 2019. Nonbinary genders are omitted for methodological reasons. Although there were highly male and female topics or themes (e.g., vehicles or beauty) and male or female gendering is the norm, videos with topics attracting both males and females tended to have more viewers (after approximately 5 years) than videos in male or female gendered topics. Similarly, within each topic, videos with gender balanced sets of commenters tend to attract more viewers. Thus, YouTube does not seem to be driving male–female gender differences.
Mitotic poleward flux: Finding balance between microtubule dynamics and sliding
Authors: Barisic Marin , Rajendraprasad Girish
Published: June 2021

Continuous poleward motion of microtubules in metazoan mitotic spindles has been fascinating generations of cell biologists over the last several decades. In human cells, this so‐called poleward flux was recently shown to be driven by the coordinated action of four mitotic kinesins. The sliding activities of kinesin‐5/EG5 and kinesin‐12/KIF15 are sequentially supported by kinesin‐7/CENP‐E at kinetochores and kinesin‐4/KIF4A on chromosome arms, with the individual contributions peaking during prometaphase and metaphase, respectively. Although recent data elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this cellular phenomenon, the functional roles of microtubule poleward flux during cell division remain largely elusive. Here, we discuss potential contribution of microtubule flux engine to various essential processes at different stages of mitosis.
Understanding aspects that influence Brazilian companies' employees in volunteer initiatives participation: Contributions to sustainable development
Authors: Siltori Patricia F. S. , Anholon Rosley , Rampasso Izabela Simon , Martins Vitor W. B. , Silva Dirceu , Souza Pinto Jefferson , Quelhas Osvaldo L. G.
Published: June 2021

In the last decades, several indicators are showing the inadequacy of countries' economic models. Changes in these models are necessary to contemplate the concept of sustainable development. In this sense, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals were published by United Nations to guide companies, countries and people. Volunteer actions are important initiatives for this. This kind of initiative can be described as the act of helping someone, aiming to contribute to a fairer society in which charity and citizenship are present. The main objective of this study is to analyze the main aspects that influence Brazilian companies' employees to participate in volunteer programs and, to identify how these aspects may be grouped into factors. Initially, a bibliographic study was carried out to identify the main aspects that influence the participation of companies' employees in volunteer programs. With this information, a questionnaire was structured and used in a survey. Data analysis was performed via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and five from seven aspects analyzed were validated. They are grouped into two factors named “personal aspects” and “institutional aspects”. The first factor better explains the aspects mentioned. The results presented here may be useful for managers of volunteer programs and researchers interested in the theme.
Teachers reactions to children's misbehaviours in North Western Ethiopia: A ground theory based analysis
Authors: Eijigu Temesgen Demissie
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate factors that enhance or hinder teachers reactions to children's misbehaviours. Twenty one semistructured individual interviews were carried out with teachers. Grounded theory method was employed to analyze the data. The analysis of teachers' voices revealed that all participants of the study perceived children's sneaking out from home or playing truant as morally wrong and labeled it as misbehaviour. The findings also demonstrated that most of the teachers did not want to intervene while fewer teachers intended to intervene in the situation of observing misbehaviours. Concerning the reasons for teacher's reactions to children's misbehavior, six set of themes emerged. These were: nature of the event, teacher–parent/child relationship, parenthood status, perceived consequences of the action, emotional feelings, and responsibility attribution. Intervention programs that enhance sense of responsibility, concern for the welfare of children, interpersonal relationship, and trust among neighbors have to be designed. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Interacting with virtual instructors: The effect of gender and years of study on the perception of in‐game instructors
Authors: Cui Dixuan , Whittinghill David , Fukada Atsushi , Mousas Christos , Adamo Nicoletta
Published: June 2021

Previous research has shown that student‐instructor interaction is vital to motivating students to learn a second language. However, it is unclear whether learners' demographics affect in‐game immersion and interactions with virtual instructors. This study's purpose is to investigate whether the number of years learning Japanese (foreign language familiarity) influences students' immersion levels in serious games and their interactions with virtual instructors. We developed a 3D animated Japanese roleplaying game with a virtual in‐game instructor. Eighty‐four college students enrolled in 200‐ and 300‐level Japanese language courses voluntarily participated in the study. Participants played the game and then answered a questionnaire concerning virtual character appearance, attentiveness to the instructor, and immersion in the game. The findings indicated that gender and the number of years studying Japanese significantly impact multiple measurements.
Effects of Glu‐D1 gene introgressions on soft white spring durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) quality
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Ibba Maria Itria , Boehm Jeffrey D. , Morris Craig F.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives

Utilization of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is limited by its weak gluten and poor bread‐making quality. One strategy to improve gluten strength and bread‐making quality is by introducing the Glu‐D1 alleles from bread wheat.

Findings

Introduction of Glu‐D1 alleles Glu‐D1a and Glu‐D1d, corresponding to the High Molecular Weight Glutenin subunits Dx2 + Dy12 and Dx5 + Dy10, respectively, increased dough strength as evidenced by SDS sedimentation volume, Lactic acid Solvent Retention Capacity, and Mixograph dough mixing parameters. The Glu‐D1d Dx5 + Dy10 allele was “stronger” than the Glu‐D1a Dx2 + Dy12 allele. However, whereas Dx2 + Dy12 improved straight‐dough pan bread volume, Dx5 + Dy10 did not. This latter result was ascribed to the overly strong, inextensible gluten contributed by the Glu‐D1d Dx5 + Dy10 allele.

Conclusions

Whereas both Glu‐D1 alleles increased dough strength, Dx2 + Dy12 improved bread loaf volume but lines with Dx5 + Dy10 produced doughs that were too strong to realize an increase in loaf volume. The results confirm the notion that large bread loaf volume is achieved with a balance of dough extensibility and elasticity.

Significance and novelty

Durum wheat production and consumption will increase as bread quality improves. The Glu‐D1 high molecular weight glutenin proteins will likely play a role in improving bread‐making ability. The two major Glu‐D1 alleles are accessible via durum wheat translocation lines.
Zu schön, um echt zu sein: über echten, falschen und imitierten Marmor
Authors: Sicker Dieter
Published: June 2021

Reisen Sie gern? Oft hat man dabei unerwartete Erlebnisse, die irgendwie mit Chemie zu tun haben und chemisches Lehrbuchwissen wird ungeahnt erweitert. Es verknüpft sich mit Geschichte und Geschichten, unbekannten Anwendungen, praktischen Handgriffen und dem realen Leben anderer Menschen. Man staunt über etwas, in dem man gar nichts Staunenswertes vermutete. Über solche kleinen Wunder soll diese Serie berichten. Mehr als sonst wollen wir dazu Fotos benutzen. Diesmal besuchen wir verschiedene Orte, die alle mit Marmor zu tun haben.
Dynamic industrial process monitoring based on concurrent fast and slow‐time‐varying feature analytics
Authors: Zhang Chi , Dong Jie , Peng Kaixiang , You Peihang
Published: June 2021

Dynamic features always demonstrate the coexistences of local fast‐variabilities and the overall slow‐trend. Single model based methods cannot achieve a satisfactory monitoring result in industrial processes with composite dynamicities. A comprehensive dynamic process monitoring method based on concurrent fast and slow‐time‐varying feature analytics is proposed in this paper. A sequential correlation coefficient is defined firstly, and all the process variables are divided into fast and slow‐time‐varying blocks. Afterwards, dynamic inner principal component analysis (DiPCA) and slow feature analysis (SFA) are employed to establish monitoring models in both blocks, respectively. Based on Bayesian inference mechanism, a novel weighted fusion strategy is designed. Finally, the proposed method is verified by the Tennessee Eastman process. With the integration of the monitoring results in both blocks, the performance of the proposed method is superior to the traditional ones.
Towards the steel plate defect detection: Multidimensional feature information extraction and fusion
Authors: Hao Zhiqiang , Wang Zhigang , Bai Dongxu , Zhou Shiyang
Published: June 2021

Product surface quality inspection based on machine vision has been paid more and more attention in modern industrial production. Multidimensional feature information fusion also plays an important role in the detection rate and accuracy of steel plate defects. Based on the machine vision based defect detection of steel plate surface, this article mainly studies the collection, extraction and fusion of multidimensional feature information. The visual imaging system, the surface defect detection technology based on vision, the depth camera and the light source type are briefly reviewed. At the same time, the roadmap and related methods of multidimensional feature information acquisition system are studied. Finally, the multidimensional fusion defect detection technology is prospected and summarized.
Performance prediction from simulation systems to physical systems using machine learning with transfer learning and scaling
Authors: Mankodi Amit , Bhatt Amit , Chaudhury Bhaskar
Published: June 2021

Selection from several computer systems with different hardware features resulting in different software performance is a critical problem to solve. The problem becomes even more challenging when access to computer systems with different features is difficult. We had proposed a novel solution, “cross performance prediction with scaling,” in our previous work. In the scaling model, we predicted the physical system's runtime using a machine learning model trained only on a performance dataset of simulation‐based systems applying a scaling factor to the predicted runtime. In this article, we propose another novel idea, “cross performance prediction with transfer learning,” that uses transfer learning to solve the same problem. This model predicts the target physical system's performance using a machine learning model trained on a combined performance dataset from simulation‐based systems and an accessible source physical system. We evaluate both the models using several benchmark algorithms from SD‐VBS and MiBench suites. Our scaling model results have achieved a prediction error of 10%–25% for general‐purpose systems, whereas the transfer learning model has higher errors in the range of 50%. We have also developed a method to extract the rules built during the decision tree model's training to predict the runtime.
Crystallization Behavior and Luminescence of Inkjet Printing CH3NH3PbBr3
Authors: Sun Rui , Li Haixia , Guan Yimin , Du Yong , Shen Hui , Xu Jiayue
Published: June 2021

Lead halide perovskites display remarkable optoelectronic properties, like large absorption coefficients, high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and long lifetime and diffusion length of photocarriers. This system is easily fabricated using solution processes and inkjet printing is an effective way to prepare halide perovskite films and complex patterns. In this work, the crystallization behaviors of inkjet printing CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals are systematically investigated with varied I− doping, printing times, and solvents. Using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, CH3NH3PbBr3−xIx (x = 0, 0.14, 0.29, 0.45, 0.59) are printed on the glass and the crystalline grains are developed from the (001) oriented tetragonal in side length of 10–50 µm to dendrite with increasing I− concentrations. The crystalline grains are kept tetragonal, while the average crystal size changes from 22 to 89 µm by increasing the number of printing from 10 to 1000 times. DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are used as solvents for printing CH3NH3PbBr3, and more regular grains are obtained from DMF solvent. Several patterns are printed on glass and papers, and fluorescent two‐dimensional (2D) patterns are observed under the 480 nm excitation. The as‐printed patterns show excellent homogeneity and high reproducibility, indicating that the inkjet printing shows broad application prospects in flexible electronics.
Deconstructing corporate sustainability narratives: A taxonomy for critical assessment of integrated reporting types
Authors: Lueg Klarissa , Lueg Rainer
Published: June 2021

The purpose of our study is to provide a taxonomy of integrated reporting (). First, we develop a coding catalog containing criteria and metrics. Second, we assess the degree to which annual/sustainability reports comply with , and identify types of reports (taxonomy). Methodologically, we employ conceptual arguments to draft the criteria and metrics. The taxonomy relies on a cross‐sectional content analysis of annual/sustainability reports and websites of 128 listed Danish organizations. We present several results. First, we develop the two dimensions of FORM and CONTENT for our taxonomy. Second, we identify three types of reports: traditional (27%), enhanced (57%), and integrated thinking (16%). Specifically, integrated thinking reports exhibit higher connectivity, more compliance with sustainability standards/guidelines, and more frequent external assurance. Surprisingly, enhanced content reports are often published as “one report” and framed as shareholder‐oriented. Conversely, integrated thinking reports tend to comprise several highly connected reports, and emphasize stakeholder perspectives.
Retracted: Quality of experience (QOE) content aware hybrid lean predictive models for medical video transmission over Internet of things (IOT) networks
Authors: Lavanya K. , Vimala Devi K. , Subramaniam M.
Published: June 2021

Lavanya K, Vimala Devi K, Subramaniam M. Quality of experience (QOE) content aware hybrid lean predictive models for medical video transmission over Internet of things (IOT) networks, International Journal of Communication Systems 2021, (https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.4833). The above article published online on 3 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Following publication, it has come to our attention that the people named as the Guest Editors of the Special Issue were being impersonated by a fraudulent entity and the articles were not reviewed in line with the journal's peer review standards. The Editor has determined that the articles do not meet the required scholarly standards of the journal, and therefore has taken the decision to retract the article. We did not find any evidence of misconduct by the authors. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
R869C mutation in molecular motor KIF17 gene is involved in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Goldstein Orly , Gana‐Weisz Mali , Shiner Tamara , Attar Reut , Mordechai Yael , Waldman Yedael Y. , Bar‐Shira Anat , Thaler Avner , Gurevich Tanya , Mirelman Anat , Giladi Nir , Orr‐Urtreger Avi
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The

GBA‐N370S mutation is one of the most frequent risk factors for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD). We looked for genetic variations that contribute to the outcome in N370S‐carriers, whether PD or DLB.

Methods

Whole‐genome sequencing of 95 Ashkenazi‐N370S‐carriers affected with either DLB (n = 19) or PD (n = 76) was performed, and 564 genes related to dementia and PD analyzed.

Results

We identified enrichment of linked alleles in PINK1 locus in DLB patients (false discovery rate P = .0412). Haplotype analysis delineated 1.8 Mb interval encompassing 29 genes and 87 unique variants, of them, KIF17‐R869C received the highest functional prediction score (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion = 34). Its frequency was significantly higher in 26 DLB‐N370S‐carriers compared to 140 PD‐N370S‐carriers (odds ratio [OR] = 33.4 P = .001, and OR = 70.2 when only heterozygotes were included).

Discussion

Because KIF17 was shown to be important for learning and memory in mice, our data further suggest, for the first time, its involvement in DLB, and possibly in human dementia.
Setd5 is required in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm for heart development and its haploinsufficiency is associated with outflow tract defects in mouse
Authors: Cheung Michelle Yu‐Qing , Roberts Catherine , Scambler Peter , Stathopoulou Athanasia
Published: June 2021

Congenital heart defects are a feature of several genetic haploinsufficiency syndromes, often involving transcriptional regulators. One property of haploinsufficient genes is their propensity for network interactions at the gene or protein level. In this article we took advantage of an online dataset of high throughput screening of mutations that are embryonic lethal in mice. Our aim was to identify new genes where the loss of function caused cardiovascular phenotypes resembling the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome models, that is, heterozygous and homozygous loss of Tbx1. One gene with a potentially haploinsufficient phenotype was identified, Setd5, thought to be involved in chromatin modification. We found murine Setd5 haploinsufficiency to be associated with double outlet right ventricle and perimembranous ventricular septal defect, although no genetic interaction with Tbx1 was detected. Conditional mutagenesis revealed that Setd5 was required in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm for progression of the heart tube through the ballooning stage to create a four‐chambered heart.
“Same, same but different”: The optimal viewing position effect in developmental dyslexia, developmental coordination disorder and comorbid disorders
Authors: Bellocchi Stéphanie , Ducrot Stéphanie
Published: June 2021

The optimal viewing position (OVP) effect indicates that words are identified most quickly when the eyes fixate near the word centre in alphabetic languages. In two studies, we tested OVP in typically developing readers and children with developmental dyslexia (DD), developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and with both disorders (DD + DCD), using a variable‐viewing‐position technique. Study 1 showed that typically developing readers had developed highly automatized procedures of left‐to‐right attentional scanning resulting in an inverted J‐shape VP curve comparable to what is observed in adult readers and that dyslexics showed non‐prototypical one. In Study 2, we observed more typical procedures of left‐to‐right attentional scanning in children with DCD, isolated or comorbid, compared to DD. Moreover, given the absence of significant group differences between children with DD + DCD and children with isolated DD or DCD, our results reinforce the idea that the comorbid condition does not add to the severity of OVP anomalies. We then concluded that OVP atypicalities are specific to children with DD. Finally, we discussed the usefulness of the OVP effect as a clinical tool to identify possible OVP atypicalities that could be specific of some neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., DD, DCD or DCD + DD).
Evidence of spontaneous selfing and disomic inheritance in Geranium robertianum
Authors: Van Rossum Fabienne , Raspé Olivier , Vandelook Filip
Published: June 2021

Knowing species’ breeding system and mating processes occurring in populations is important not only for understanding population dynamics, gene flow processes, and species' response to climate change, but also for designing control plans of invasive species. Geranium robertianum, a widespread biennial herbaceous species showing high morphological variation and wide ecological amplitude, can become invasive outside its distribution range. A mixed‐mating system may be expected given the species’ floral traits. However, autonomous selfing is considered as a common feature. Genetic variation and structure, and so population mating processes, have not been investigated in wild populations. We developed 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers to quantify genetic variation and structure in G. robertianum. To investigate whether selfing might be the main mating process in natural conditions, we sampled three generations of plants (adult, F1, and F2) for populations from the UK, Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Sweden, and compared open‐pollinated with outcrossed hand‐pollinated F2 progeny. The highly positive Wright's inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values in adults, F1, and open‐pollinated F2 progeny and the low FIS values in outcross F2 progeny supported autonomous selfing as the main mating process for G. robertianum in wild conditions, despite the presence of attractive signals for insect pollination. Genetic differentiation among samples was found, showing some western–eastern longitudinal trend. Long‐distance seed dispersal might have contributed to the low geographic structure. Local genetic differentiation may have resulted not only from genetic drift effects favored by spontaneous selfing, but also from ecological adaptation. The presence of duplicate loci with disomic inheritance is consistent with the hypothesis of allotetraploid origin of G. robertianum. The fact that most microsatellite markers behave as diploid loci with no evidence of duplication supports the hypothesis of ancient polyploidization. The differences in locus duplication and the relatively high genetic diversity across G. robertianum range despite spontaneous autonomous selfing suggest multiple events of polyploidization.
Size compartmentalization of energy channeling in terrestrial belowground food webs
Authors: Potapov Anton M. , Rozanova Oksana L. , Semenina Eugenia E. , Leonov Vladislav D. , Belyakova Olga I. , Bogatyreva Varvara Yu. , Degtyarev Maxim I. , Esaulov Anton S. , Korotkevich Anastasiya Yu. , Kudrin Alexey A. , Malysheva Elena A. , Mazei Yuri A. , Tsurikov Sergey M. , Zuev Andrey G. , Tiunov Alexei V.
Published: June 2021

Size‐structured food webs form integrated trophic systems where energy is channeled from small to large consumers. Empirical evidence suggests that size structure prevails in aquatic ecosystems, whereas in terrestrial food webs trophic position is largely independent of body size. Compartmentalization of energy channeling according to size classes of consumers was suggested as a mechanism that underpins functioning and stability of terrestrial food webs including those belowground, but their structure has not been empirically assessed across the whole size spectrum. Here we used stable isotope analysis and metabolic regressions to describe size structure and energy use in eight belowground communities with consumers spanning 12 orders of magnitude in living body mass, from protists to earthworms. We showed a negative correlation between trophic position and body mass in invertebrate communities and a remarkable nonlinearity in community metabolism and trophic positions across all size classes. Specifically, we found that the correlation between body mass and trophic level is positive in the small‐sized (protists, nematodes, arthropods below 1 μg in body mass), neutral in the medium‐sized (arthropods of 1 μg to 1 mg), and negative in the large‐sized consumers (large arthropods, earthworms), suggesting that these groups form compartments with different trophic organization. Based on this pattern, we propose a concept of belowground food webs being composed of (1) size‐structured micro‐food web driving fast energy channeling and nutrient release, for example in microbial loop; (2) arthropod macro‐food web with no clear correlation between body size and trophic level, hosting soil arthropod diversity and subsidizing aboveground predators; and (3) “trophic whales,” sequestering energy in their large bodies and restricting its propagation to higher trophic levels in belowground food webs. The three size compartments are based on a similar set of basal resources, but contribute to different ecosystem‐level functions and respond differently to variations in climate, soil characteristics and land use. We suggest that the widely used vision of resource‐based energy channeling in belowground food webs can be complemented with size‐based energy channeling, where ecosystem multifunctionality, biodiversity, and stability are supported by a balance across individual size compartments.
Metabarcoding as a tool to examine cryptic algae in the diets of two common grazing surgeonfishes, Acanthurustriostegus and A. nigrofuscus
Authors: Nalley Eileen M. , Donahue Megan J. , Toonen Robert J.
Published: June 2021

Surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) are an important group of herbivores that are abundant on reefs globally. Acanthurids consume macroalgae that can compete with corals for space, turf algae that can proliferate on degraded reefs, and detritus that may smother adult corals or inhibit settlement. For these reasons, they are of particular interest at present to resource managers seeking to restore and conserve reefs that are facing a myriad of stressors. To contribute to our understanding of the diet breadth and potential vulnerability of these important fishes, we employed metabarcoding to identify and compare the algal diets of two common Hawaiian surgeonfishes, the convict tang or manini (Acanthurus triostegus) and the brown surgeonfish or maʻiʻiʻi (A. nigrofuscus). These species serve important biological and cultural roles in Hawaiian coral reef ecosystems, and manini, in particular, constitute an essential component of traditional Hawaiian diets. Although diet richness was not significantly different between the species, with 64 unique taxa identified from the gut contents of 89 A. triostegus and 57 taxa from 73 A. nigrofuscus, A. nigrofuscus exhibited greater diet diversity as measured by the Simpson's Diversity Index. A. nigrofuscus had a greater relative read abundance of brown algae, cyanobacteria, and material from the epilithic algal matrix. A. triostegus had a taxonomically more specialized diet, consuming primarily red algae. A. triostegus showed greater variability between sites in diet composition than A. nigrofuscus, and when grouped at the site, shore, or species level, A. triostegus tended to have greater diet overlap among individuals. Conversely, A. nigrofuscus exhibited greater variation in diet among individuals, with less diet variability between sites. Grazing surgeonfishes such as these are critical components of existing and future herbivore management plans, making their diet breadth and consequent vulnerability to habitat loss or disturbance of great interest to resource managers.
Silica Support Affects the Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution by Silver
Authors: Rolly Gifty Sara , Sermiagin Alina , Meyerstein Dan , Zidki Tomer
Published: June 2021

Silica supported silver nanoparticles, SiO2‐Ag0‐NPs, catalyze the hydrolysis of BH4−. A comparison of the isotopic composition of the hydrogen formed in the hydrolysis of BD4− points out that the contribution of hydrides, the Heyrovsky mechanism, rather than that of hydrogen atoms, the Tafel mechanism, to the hydrogen evolution is considerably larger for the SiO2‐Ag0‐NPs catalyzed process than for the Ag0‐NPs catalyzed process. This indicates some electron transfer from the SiO2 to the silver that increases the negative charge on the Ag0‐NPs.
Electrochemical Detection of Tryptophan Metabolites via Kynurenine Pathway by Using Nanocarbon Films
Authors: Kato Dai , Kamata Tomoyuki , Sumimoto Michinori
Published: June 2021

We studied nanocarbon film electrodes with the aim of detecting tryptophan metabolites via the kynurenine pathway. The nanocarbon films were formed by using unbalanced magnetron sputtering, and they exhibited superior electrode properties including a wide potential window and a low background current as a result of the sp3‐containing structure and ultraflat surface. These properties allowed us to detect certain tryptophan metabolites such as kynurenic acid (KYNA), which has a relatively high oxidation potential. We also investigated the effect of the sp2/sp3 ratio of the nanocarbon film as regards the electrode activity in relation to target molecules. We found that the sp2/sp3 ratio played important roles in both widening the potential window and obtaining superior electrode performance for the metabolites. The nanocarbon film with a high sp3 content was beneficial as regards the electrode performance with respect to the detection limit and sensitivity. Compared with conventional carbon‐based electrodes, the nanocarbon film electrode with a high sp3 content exhibited higher electrode activity against KYNA while maintaining a low background current. Computational experiments revealed that the theoretical oxidation potential (Eox) value for some targets coincided with that obtained in electrochemical experiments using our nanocarbon film electrode.
A hybrid electrochemical flow reactor to couple H2 oxidation to NADH regeneration for biochemical reactions
Authors: El Housseini Wassim , Lapicque François , Walcarius Alain , Etienne Mathieu
Published: June 2021

Beta‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) is an important enzymatic co‐factor that can be efficiently regenerated using a rhodium‐based catalyst as electron transfer mediator (ie, [Cp*Rh(bpy)Cl]+, where Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl and bpy = 2,2‐bipyridine). Here, the above mediated regeneration of NADH is implemented in a redox flow bioreactor hybridized with a gas diffusion electrode for hydrogen oxidation. The reactor was initially optimized with respect to rhodium complex and NAD+ concentrations, humidification of the hydrogen gas, flow rates of both H2 gas and electrolytic solution, and solution pH. The integration of an enzymatic reaction consuming the generated NADH was then investigated in a flow process, combining in series the electrochemical reactor to a biochemical cell with immobilized l‐lactic dehydrogenase for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. A high activity was achieved with a turnover number up to 370 h−1 for NADH regeneration. Coupled electrochemical regeneration to enzymatic reaction led to total turnover number values of 2000 and 6.3 × 106 for NADH electrochemical regeneration and bioconversion, respectively.