bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedforward and Feedback Vibration Control and Algorithm Design for Cable-Bridge Structure Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liang Yan-Jun , Wu Shi-Liang , Gao De-Xin , Xue Xiao-Rong
Published: March 2014

Technique of feedforward and feedback optimal vibration control and simulation for long-span cable-bridge coupled systems is developed. Buffeting loading systems of long-span cable-bridge structure are constructed by weighted amplitude wave superposition method. Nonlinear model of cable-bridge coupled vibration control system is established and the corresponding system of state space form is described. In order to reduce buffeting loading influence of the wind-induced vibration for the structure and improve the robust performance of the vibration control, based on semiactive vibration control devices and optimal control approach, a feedforward and feedback optimal vibration controller is designed, and an algorithm is presented for the vibration controller. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
A PLS‐Based Weighted Artificial Neural Network Approach for Alpha Radioactivity Prediction inside Contaminated Pipes
Authors: Tuo Xianguo , Liu Mingzhe , Wang Lei , Yang Jianbo , Cheng Yi
Published: March 2014

Long‐range alpha detection (LRAD) has been used to measure alpha particles emitting contamination inside decommissioned steel pipes. There exists a complex nonlinear relationship between input parameters and measuring results. The input parameters, for example, pipe diameter, pipe length, distance to radioactive source, radioactive source strength, wind speed, and flux, exhibit different contributions to the measuring results. To reflect these characteristics and estimate alpha radioactivity as exactly as possible, a hybrid partial least square back propagation (PLSBP) neural network approach is presented in this paper. In this model, each node in the input layer is weighted, which indicates that different input nodes have different contributions on the system and this finding has been little reported. The weights are determined by the PLS. After this modification, a variety of normal three‐layered BP networks are developed. The comparison of computational results of the proposed approach with traditional BP model and experiments confirms its clear advantage for dealing with this complex nonlinear estimation. Thus, an integrated picture of alpha particle activity inside contaminated pipes can be obtained.
Quality Control of Danggui Buxue Tang, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction, by  1H‐NMR Metabolic Profiling
Authors: Chan Pui Hei , Zhang Wendy L. , Cheung Chi Yuen , Tsim Karl W. K. , Lam Henry
Published: March 2014

Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is one of the simplest traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoctions, first described in China in 1247 AD. DBT is composed of 2 herbs, Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR), boiled together in a 5 : 1 ratio. Clinically, DBT is prescribed to women as a remedy for menopausal symptoms. Here,  1H‐NMR metabolic profiling was conducted for DBT and the water extracts of AR or ASR, to evaluate the potential of this chemical profiling method for quality control of the herbal decoction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that DBT could be readily distinguished from the water extracts of its constituent herbs by the metabolic profiles. More interestingly, the metabolic profile of DBT was not a simple sum of that of AR and ASR. Asparagine was found at significantly higher concentration in DBT than that in either AR or ASR extract, contributing mainly to the discrimination of DBT sample. In addition, we employed the same method to profile a commercial DBT powder, verifying its authenticity as compared to our prepared DBT. This study is the first to employ  1H‐NMR metabolic profiling for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine decoctions.
Bifurcations of Orbit and Inclination Flips Heteroclinic Loop with Nonhyperbolic Equilibria
Authors: Geng Fengjie , Zhao Junfang
Published: March 2014

The bifurcations of heteroclinic loop with one nonhyperbolic equilibrium and one hyperbolic saddle are considered, where the nonhyperbolic equilibrium is supposed to undergo a transcritical bifurcation; moreover, the heteroclinic loop has an orbit flip and an inclination flip. When the nonhyperbolic equilibrium does not undergo a transcritical bifurcation, we establish the coexistence and noncoexistence of the periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits. While the nonhyperbolic equilibrium undergoes the transcritical bifurcation, we obtain the noncoexistence of the periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits and the existence of two or three heteroclinic orbits.
Clinical Utility of Cognistat in Multiprofessional Team Evaluations of Patients with Cognitive Impairment in Swedish Primary Care
Authors: Johansson Maria M. , Kvitting Anna S. , Wressle Ewa , Marcusson Jan
Published: March 2014

Background. Diagnostic evaluations of dementia are often performed in primary health care (PHC). Cognitive evaluation requires validated instruments. Objective. To investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of Cognistat in a primary care population. Methods. Participants were recruited from 4 PHC centres; 52 had cognitive symptoms and 29 were presumed cognitively healthy. Participants were tested using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Cognistat. Clinical diagnoses, based on independent neuropsychological examination and a medical consensus discussion in secondary care, were used as criteria for diagnostic accuracy analyses. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.85, 0.79, 0.85, and 0.79, respectively, for Cognistat; 0.59, 0.91, 0.90, and 0.61 for MMSE; 0.26, 0.88, 0.75, and 0.46 for CDT; 0.70, 0.79, 0.82, and 0.65 for MMSE and CDT combined. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82 for Cognistat, 0.75 for MMSE, 0.57 for CDT, and 0.74 for MMSE and CDT combined. Conclusions. The diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of Cognistat was better than the other tests alone or combined. Cognistat is well adapted for cognitive evaluations in PHC and can help the general practitioner to decide which patients should be referred to secondary care.
Fabrication and Superhydrophobic Property of ZnO Micro/Nanocrystals via a Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Xiao Chunmei , Yan Jing , Li Taohai
Published: March 2014

Superhydrophobic ZnO micro/nanocrystals were fabricated on a large scale using a facile one‐pot hydrothermal process successfully. The morphologies and chemical composition of as‐synthesized ZnO were investigated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD). The morphology of ZnO products changed from uniform size microrods to flower‐like micronanostructures, when the temperature changed from 120°C to 180°C. The morphology of ZnO was strongly affected by the pH. The wettability of the as‐synthesized ZnO micro/nanocrystals was studied by measuring water contact angle (CA). The largest static CA for water is 167°, which is closely related to both the ZnO micro/nanostructure and chemical modification. Furthermore, the as‐prepared ZnO surface showed superhydrophobicity for some corrosive liquids such as basic and acidic aqueous solutions. The CAs of the surface modified with ZnO prepared at 160°C were over 155° in the range of pH = 1–13.
Isolated IgA Anti-β2 Glycoprotein I Antibodies in Patients with Clinical Criteria for Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Ruiz-García Raquel , Serrano Manuel , Ángel Martínez-Flores José , Mora Sergio , Morillas Luis , Martín-Mola María Ángeles , Morales José M. , Paz-Artal Estela , Serrano Antonio
Published: March 2014

Seronegative antiphospholipid syndrome (SNAPS) is an autoimmune disease present in patients with clinical manifestations highly suggestive of Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) but with persistently negative consensus antiphospholipid antibodies (a-PL). IgA anti-β2 Glycoprotein I (aB2-GPI) antibodies are associated with APS. However, they are not currently considered to be laboratory criteria due to the heterogeneity of published works and the use of poor standardized diagnostic systems. We have aimed to assess aPL antibodies in a group of patients with clinical manifestations of APS (C-APS) to evaluate the importance of the presence of IgA aB2GPI antibodies in APS and its relation with other aPL antibodies. Only 14% of patients with C-APS were positive for any consensus antibody, whereas the presence of isolated IgA aB2GPI antibodies was found in 22% of C-APS patients. In patients with arterial thrombosis IgA aB2GPI, antibodies were the only aPL antibodies present. Serologic profile in primary APS (PAPS) is different from systemic autoimmune disorders associated APS (SAD-APS). IgA aB2GPI antibodies are more prevalent in PAPS and IgG aB2GPI antibodies are predominant in SAD-APS. The analysis of IgA aB2GPI antibodies in patients with clinical manifestations of PAPS might avoid underdiagnosed patients and provide a better diagnosis in patients with SAD-APS. Laboratory consensus criteria might consider including analysis of IgA aB2GPI for APS diagnosis.
Acute Ascending Muscle Weakness Secondary to Medication-Induced Hyperkalemia
Authors: Kimmons Lauren A. , Usery Justin B.
Published: March 2014

Secondary hyperkalemic paralysis is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening consequence of drug-induced disease. We report a case of a 53-year-old female with history of chronic kidney disease presenting to the emergency department with a one-day history of upper and lower extremity weakness and paresthesias. Serum potassium concentration on admission was greater than 8 mEq/L, and serum creatinine was elevated above baseline. Electrocardiogram showed first-degree atrioventricular block with peaked T waves. The patient reported compliance with daily lisinopril 10 mg, spironolactone 25 mg, and 40 mEq twice daily of potassium chloride. Symptoms and electrocardiogram returned to baseline within 24 hours of presentation and serum potassium returned to 4.2 mEq/L at approximately 36 hours without the need for dialysis. This case emphasizes the importance of including such a condition in the differential diagnosis of patients with ascending paralysis and the importance of close monitoring of patients placed on potassium-elevating agents.
Relative Orbit Stabilization Control for the Agile Satellite under Stochastic Disturbance
Authors: Wu Xiande , Guo Fengzhi , Yang Wenbo , Xu Jiangtao , Song Ting
Published: March 2014

This paper investigates the relative orbit control problem for a space communication satellite network. An observer-based state feedback control scheme is developed under the circumstance of faults and disturbance occurring in the sensors and actuators. The validity of sliding mode observer for the satellites’ network is deduced and the analysis and proof of the relative orbit stabilization control are completed.
A Novel Separable Model and Decomposition Method for Sensor Locational Decision Problem
Authors: Yang Linfeng , Li Jie , Ye Jin , Zhao Zhigang
Published: March 2014

This paper proposes a new separable model for the sensor locational decision problem covering a line (SLDPCL). By decomposing a multivariate function into several univariate functions, a separable outer approximation methodology that can be used to improve the outer approximation of classical convex programming technique is presented. A novel outer approximation method (OAM) for this proposed separable model is proposed. The algorithm alternates between solving a mixed integer linear program and a convex nonlinear program (NLP). An improved interior point method based on optimal centering parameter is employed to solve the NLP subproblem. The simulation results for test instances that range in size from 10 to 20000 sensors show that the proposed method is fast and robust, and the method is very promising for large-scale SLDPCL problems due to its excellent scalability.
Control System Design of Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Active Disturbance Rejection and Repetitive Control Techniques
Authors: Ge Le , Yuan Xiaodong , Yang Zhong
Published: March 2014

To rely on joint active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and repetitive control (RC), in this paper, a compound control law for active power filter (APF) current control system is proposed. According to the theory of ADRC, the uncertainties in the model and from the circumstance outside are considered as the unknown disturbance to the system. The extended state observer can evaluate the unknown disturbance. Next, RC is introduced into current loop to improve the steady characteristics. The ADRC is used to get a good dynamic performance, and RC is used to get a good static performance. A good simulation result is got through choosing and changing the parameters, and the feasibility, adaptability, and robustness of the control are testified by this result.
Protective Effect of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Inhibition against Inflammation and Degeneration by Promoting Regulatory T Cells in Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Yang Dan , Ji Hong-Fei , Zhang Xue-Mei , Yue Hui , Lin Lin , Ma Yu-Yan , Huang Xiang-nan , Fu Jin , Wang Wei-Zhi
Published: March 2014

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is the rate-limiting enzyme that initiates the production of various inflammatory mediators. Previous studies have shown that inhibiting cPLA2exerts a neuroprotective effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by ameliorating the severity of the disease and influencing Th1 and Th17 responses. However, it remains unclear whether treatment with a cPLA2inhibitor will influence the regulatory T cells (Tregs) that play a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. In this study, the cPLA2inhibitor AX059 reduced the onset and progression of EAE in Lewis rats. In addition, this effect was accompanied by activation of Tregs and alterations in the expression of their various cytokines. The study therefore demonstrated that Tregs are involved in the immunomodulatory effect mediated by cPLA2inhibition. These findings may have clinical application in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
CytomegalovirusInfection Impairs Immunosuppressive and Antimicrobial Effector Functions of Human Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Meisel Roland , Heseler Kathrin , Nau Julia , Schmidt Silvia Kathrin , Leineweber Margret , Pudelko Sabine , Wenning Johannes , Zimmermann Albert , Hengel Hartmut , Sinzger Christian , Degistirici Özer , Volker Sorg Rüdiger , Däubener Walter
Published: March 2014

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) possess immunosuppressive and antimicrobial effects that are partly mediated by the tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Therefore MSC represent a promising novel cellular immunosuppressant which has the potential to control steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (GvHD). In addition, MSC are capable of reducing the risk of infection in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST). Recent data indicate that signals from the microenvironment including those from microbes may modulate MSC effector functions. AsCytomegalovirus(CMV) represents a prominent pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, especially in patients following HST, we investigated the impact of CMV infection on MSC-mediated effects on the immune system. We demonstrate that CMV-infected MSC lose their cytokine-induced immunosuppressive capacity and are no longer able to restrict microbial growth. IDO expression is substantially impaired following CMV infection of MSC and this interaction critically depends on intact virus and the number of MSC as well as the viral load. Since overt CMV infection may undermine the clinical efficacy of MSC in the treatment of GvHD in transplant patients, we recommend that patients scheduled for MSC therapy should undergo thorough evaluation for an active CMV infection and receive CMV-directed antiviral therapy prior to the administration of MSC.
Midterm Experience of Ipsilateral Axillary-Axillary Arteriovenous Loop Graft as Tertiary Access for Haemodialysis
Authors: Hunter J. P. , Nicholson M. L.
Published: March 2014

Objectives. To present a series of ipsilateral axillary artery to axillary vein loop arm grafts as an alternative vascular access procedure for haemodialysis in patients with difficult access.Design. Retrospective case series.Methods. Patients who underwent an axillary loop arteriovenous graft from September 2009 to September 2012 were included. Preoperative venous imaging to exclude central venous stenosis and to image arm/axillary veins was performed. A cuffed PTFE graft was anastomosed to the distal axillary artery and axillary vein and looped on the arm.Results. 25 procedures were performed on 22 patients. Median age was 51 years, with 9 males and 13 females. Median number of previous access procedures was 3 (range 0–7). Median followup was 16.4 months (range 1–35). At 3 months and 1 year, the primary and secondary patency rates were 70% and 72% and 36% and 37%, respectively. There were 11 radiological interventions in 6 grafts including 5 angioplasties and 6 thrombectomies. There were 19 surgical procedures in 10 grafts, including thrombectomy, revision, repair for bleeding, and excision.Conclusions. Our series demonstrates that the axillary loop arm graft yields acceptable early patency rates in a complex group of patients but to maintain graft patency required high rates of surgical and radiological intervention, in particular graft thrombectomy.
Modeling of Information Diffusion in Twitter-Like Social Networks under Information Overload
Authors: Li Pei , Li Wei , Wang Hui , Zhang Xin
Published: March 2014

Due to the existence of information overload in social networks, it becomes increasingly difficult for users to find useful information according to their interests. This paper takes Twitter-like social networks into account and proposes models to characterize the process of information diffusion under information overload. Users are classified into different types according to their in-degrees and out-degrees, and user behaviors are generalized into two categories: generating and forwarding. View scope is introduced to model the user information-processing capability under information overload, and the average number of times a message appears in view scopes after it is generated by a given type user is adopted to characterize the information diffusion efficiency, which is calculated theoretically. To verify the accuracy of theoretical analysis results, we conduct simulations and provide the simulation results, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis results perfectly. These results are of importance to understand the diffusion dynamics in social networks, and this analysis framework can be extended to consider more realistic situations.
Research on Bounded Rationality of Fuzzy Choice Functions
Authors: Wu Xinlin , Zhao Yong
Published: March 2014

The rationality of a fuzzy choice function is a hot research topic in the study of fuzzy choice functions. In this paper, two common fuzzy sets are studied and analyzed in the framework of the Banerjee choice function. The complete rationality and bounded rationality of fuzzy choice functions are defined based on the two fuzzy sets. An assumption is presented to study the fuzzy choice function, and especially the fuzzy choice function with bounded rationality is studied combined with some rationality conditions. Results show that the fuzzy choice function with bounded rationality also satisfies some important rationality conditions, but not vice versa. The research gives supplements to the investigation in the framework of the Banerjee choice function.
Treatment Effects of Xuebijing Injection in Severe Septic Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Authors: Yin Qin , Li Chunsheng
Published: March 2014

The treatment effects of Xuebijing (XBJ) injection in severe septic patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were investigated in this study. 171 severe septic patients with DIC were divided into the control group (n = 83) or intervention group (n = 88). Routine therapies were administered in both groups, and XBJ injection was administered additionally in the intervention group. Incidence of DIC, clinical severity scores, and coagulation parameters at 7 days after administration of XBJ injection were compared between the two groups, and short‐term prognosis was evaluated by 28‐day mortality. Compared with the control group, incidence of DIC in the intervention group was significantly lower at 7 days after administration of XBJ injection (P < 0.001). In addition, differences of platelet count and prothrombin time were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (P all <0.05), and similar results were also found for differences of the Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P all <0.05). Furthermore, 28‐day mortality was significantly lower in the intervention group (P = 0.034). These results demonstrate that XBJ injection can effectively treat DIC caused by severe sepsis and improve short‐term prognosis of severe septic patients with DIC.
Parameters Estimation of the Rakhmatov and Vrudhula Model from the Optimization Method Search in Improved Network
Authors: Silva B. F. , Sausen P. S. , Sausen A.
Published: March 2014

This paper presents a proposition of a new optimization method called Search in Improved Network, which is an extension of the method Search in Modified Network, to calculate the empirical parameters of the Rakhmatov and Vrudhula model for predicting batteries lifetime used in mobile devices. The new method is evaluated according to the following methodology. At first empirical parameters are computed considering the optimization methods Search in Improved Network, Search in Modified Network, and Least Squares, as well as the experimental data obtained from a testbed, considering a Lhition-Ion battery, model BL5F, used in the Nokia N95 cell phone. In a second moment, the Rakhmatov and Vrudhula model is validated for each set of parameters obtained, and the simulated data from the model are compared with a set of experimental data. From simulations results a comparative analysis is performed and it is found that by the application of the method Search in Improved Network in the parameters estimation of the Rakhmatov and Vrudhula model it is possible to obtain an easy and intuitive implementation, improving the results obtained in the model accuracy, as well as preserving the runtime.
A Fusion Method of Gabor Wavelet Transform and Unsupervised Clustering Algorithms for Tissue Edge Detection
Authors: Ergen Burhan
Published: March 2014

This paper proposes two edge detection methods for medical images by integrating the advantages of Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) and unsupervised clustering algorithms. The GWT is used to enhance the edge information in an image while suppressing noise. Following this, thek-means and Fuzzyc-means (FCM) clustering algorithms are used to convert a gray level image into a binary image. The proposed methods are tested using medical images obtained through Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) devices, and a phantom image. The results prove that the proposed methods are successful for edge detection, even in noisy cases.
Stability Analysis of a Ratio-Dependent Predator-Prey Model Incorporating a Prey Refuge
Authors: Wang Lingshu , Feng Guanghui
Published: March 2014

A ratio-dependent predator-prey model incorporating a prey refuge with disease in the prey population is formulated and analyzed. The effects of time delay due to the gestation of the predator and stage structure for the predator on the dynamics of the system are concerned. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the local stability of a predator-extinction equilibrium and a coexistence equilibrium of the system is discussed, respectively. Further, it is proved that the system undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at the coexistence equilibrium, whenτ=τ0. By comparison arguments, sufficient conditions are obtained for the global stability of the predator-extinction equilibrium. By using an iteration technique, sufficient conditions are derived for the global attractivity of the coexistence equilibrium of the proposed system.
PIM Kinases Are Essential for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cell Survival (PIM2/3) and CXCR4-Mediated Microenvironmental Interactions (PIM1)
Authors: Decker Sarah , Finter Johannes , Forde Aaron James , Kissel Sandra , Schwaller Juerg , Mack Thomas Sebastian , Kuhn Anabel , Gray Nathanael , Follo Marie , Jumaa Hassan , Burger Meike , Zirlik Katja , Pfeifer Dietmar , Miduturu Chandrasekhar V. , Eibel Hermann , Veelken Hendrik , Dierks Christine
Published: March 2014

Overexpression of the CXCR4 receptor is a hallmark of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and is important for CLL cell survival, migration, and interaction with their protective microenvironment. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), PIM1 was shown to regulate the surface expression of the CXCR4 receptor. Here, we show that PIM (proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus) kinases 1–3 are overexpressed and that the CXCR4 receptor is hyperphosphorylated on Ser339 in CLL compared with normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, CXCR4 phosphorylation correlates with PIM1 protein expression and PIM1 transcript levels in CLL. PIM kinase inhibition with three different PIM kinase inhibitors induced apoptosis in CLL cells independent of the presence of protective stromal cells. In addition, PIM inhibition caused dephosphorylation of the CXCR4 receptor on Ser339, resulting in enhanced ligand-dependent CXCR4 internalization and reduced re-externalization after withdrawal of CXCL12. Furthermore, PIM inhibition in CLL cells blocked CXCR4 functions, such as migration toward CXCL12- or CXCL12-induced extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In concordance, pretreatment of CLL cells with PIM kinase inhibitors strongly reduced homing of CLL cells toward the bone marrow and the spleen of Rag2−/−γc−/− mice in vivo. Interestingly, the knockdown of PIM kinases in CLL cells demonstrated diverging functions, with PIM1 regulating CXCR4 surface expression and PIM2 and PIM3 as important for the survival of CLL cells. Our results show that PIM kinase inhibitors are an effective therapeutic option for CLL, not only by impairing PIM2/3-mediated CLL cell survival, but also by blocking the PIM1/CXCR4-mediated interaction of CLL cells with their protective microenvironment. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1231–45. ©2014 AACR.
Five-Year Survival in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction According to Modalities of Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Danchin Nicolas , Puymirat Etienne , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Goldstein Patrick , Schiele François , Belle Loïc , Cottin Yves , Fajadet Jean , Khalife Khalife , Coste Pierre , Ferrières Jean , Simon Tabassome
Published: March 2014

Background—

Although primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the preferred reperfusion method for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, it remains difficult to implement in many areas, and fibrinolytic therapy is still widely used.

Methods and Results—

We assessed 5-year mortality in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction from the French Registry of Acute ST-Elevation or Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FAST-MI) 2005 according to use and type of reperfusion therapy. Of 1492 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction with a first call ≤12 hours from onset, 447 (30%) received fibrinolysis (66% prehospital; 97% with subsequent angiography, 84% with subsequent PCI), 583 (39%) had pPCI, and 462 (31%) received no reperfusion. Crude 5-year survival was 88% for the fibrinolytic-based strategy, 83% for pPCI, and 59% for no reperfusion. Adjusted hazard ratios for 5-year death were 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.50–1.06) for fibrinolysis versus pPCI, 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.88) for prehospital fibrinolysis versus pPCI, and 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.91) for fibrinolysis versus pPCI beyond 90 minutes of call in patients having called ≤180 minutes from onset. In propensity score–matched populations, however, survival rates were not significantly different for fibrinolysis and pPCI, both in the whole population (88% lysis, 85% pPCI) and in the population seen early (87% fibrinolysis, 85% pPCI beyond 90 minutes from call).

Conclusions—

In a real-world setting, on a nationwide scale, a pharmaco-invasive strategy constitutes a valid alternative to pPCI, with 5-year survival at least equivalent to that of the reference reperfusion method.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00673036.
The Contiguous Zone as an Archaeological Maritime Zone
Authors: Aznar Mariano J.
Published: March 2014

Abstract

The law of the sea, mainly codified in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (losc), does not properly address the protection of underwater cultural heritage. This is particularly evident for the contiguous zone, a maritime area where different public and private marine activities may be threatening that heritage. Articles 33 and 303(2) losc are counterproductive and may create a legal problem that the 2001 unesco Convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage tries to solve and clarify. In addition to this Convention, State practice shows how coastal States have been expanding their rights over their contiguous zone by adding legislative powers to the limited enforcement powers allegedly endorsed in the losc. This article tries to demonstrate that general and consistent State practice over the last decades, both conventional and unilateral, has produced a change in the legal rules governing the coastal States’ archaeological rights over their contiguous zone, expanding them with no clear objection among States, which now consider the protection of underwater cultural heritage—a generally absent interest during the negotiation of the losc—indispensable to safeguard for future generations the fragile elements composing that heritage.
Climate Change: The Greatest Challenge for the Future and a Major Cross-Sectoral Area of Intervention
Authors: Mair Caroline
Published: March 2014

Abstract

This article is an overview of the ways in which climate change intersects and cuts across issues dealt with by the Rio+20 Conference and threatens to reverse gains made towards the Millennium Development Goals. The objective is to examine how climate change can impact communities in a complex and multi-faceted way. It gives a brief introduction to the unfccc negotiations and the Rio Conference; and looks in particular at the impact of climate change on desertification; food security, agriculture and trade; migration; and water management in developing countries. It is a glimpse into the unceasing struggle between the delicate balance of truly sustainable development, the protection of the environment, and the ever-growing threat of climate change. The way forward in dealing with the effects of climate change must be a cross-sectoral approach, one that is integrated into the post-2015 agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals, and with particular emphasis on the impact of climate change on poor and vulnerable countries.
A new species of Hechtia (Bromeliaceae) from southwestern Tamaulipas, Mexico
Authors: MORILLO IVÓN RAMÍREZ , NAH CARLOS F. JIMÉNEZ , CARREÓN JACINTO TREVIÑO
Published: March 2014

A new species of Hechtia from the Mexican State of Tamaulipas is herein proposed as new: Hechtia hernandez-sandovalii, which is known only from the municipality of Villa de Miquihuana in the southwestern portion of the state. The new species is easily recognized by the following combination of characters: its white cotton-like indument (turning brownish with age) on the branches, rachis, and peduncle of both staminate and pistillate inflorescences. The new taxon is compared with H. glomerata, a species morphologically similar.
Massonia citrina (Hyacinthaceae, Hyacinthoideae)—a new species from the Western Cape Province (South Africa)
Authors: PINTER MICHAEL , BRUDERMANN ANDREAS , CRESPO MANUEL B. , DEUTSCH GERFRIED , MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN MARIO , MÜLLER-DOBLIES UTE , MÜLLER-DOBLIES DIETRICH , PFOSSER MARTIN , WETSCHNIG WOLFGANG
Published: March 2014

In the course of a taxonomic revision of the genus Massonia Houtt., Massonia citrina M.Pinter, Deutsch, U.Müll.- Doblies & D.Müll.-Doblies, a new species of this genus from the Western Cape Province (South Africa), is here described. This species is similar to members of the M. depressa group, but it can be easily distinguished by its yellow filaments and style and the longer perigone-filament tube. A complete morphological description of the new species is presented.
Update on the systematics of Benstonea (Pandanaceae): When a visionary taxonomist foresees phylogenetic relationships
Authors: CALLMANDER MARTIN W. , BOOTH THOMAS J. , BEENTJE HENK , BUERKI SVEN
Published: March 2014

The paleotropical monocot Pandanaceae family comprises c. 700 species distributed into five genera: Benstonea (c. 60 spp.), Freycinetia (c. 250 spp.), Martellidendron (6 spp.), Pandanus (c. 450 spp.) and Sararanga (2 spp.). Benstonea was circumscribed to include species previously placed in Pandanus section Acrostigma (one of the four sections of Pandanus subgenus Acrostigma). New phylogenetic data show that the six species of the remaining three sections of subgenus Acrostigma (sections Epiphytica, Fusiforma and Platystigma) and a seventh species doubtfully placed in section Acrostigma (Pandanus microglottis) also belonged to Benstonea. This genus is therefore characterized by a suite of morphological characters, viz. stigmatic groove on the adaxial side of the stigma and a staminate flower reduced to 1 to 3 free stamens (sometimes joined at base). We therefore make here the necessary seven new combinations accompanied by one lectotypification in Benstonea, a genus that now reflects the view of the visionary Benjamin Stone who had already grouped these species in Pandanus subgenus Acrostigma based solely on morphology.
Are internet sites providing evidence-based information for patients suffering with Trigeminal Neuralgia?
Authors: Demetriades Andreas K , Alg Varinder Singh , Hardwidge Carl
Published: March 2014

Trigeminal neuralgia has a variety of treatments with variable efficacy. Sufferers present to a spectrum of disciplines. While traditional delivery of medical information has been by oral/printed communication, up to 50–80% patients access the internet for information. Confusion, therefore, may arise when seeking treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. We evaluated the quality of information on the internet for trigeminal neuralgia using the DISCERN© instrument. Only 54% websites had clear objectives; 42% delivered on these. A total of 71% provided relevant information on trigeminal neuralgia, 54% being biased/unbalanced; 71% not providing clear sources of information. No website detailed the side-effect profile of treatments; 79% did not inform patients of the consequences/natural history if no treatment was undertaken; it was unclear if patients could anticipate symptoms settling or when treatment would be indicated. Internet information on trigeminal neuralgia is of variable quality; 83% of sites assessed were of low-to-moderate quality, 29% having ‘serious shortcomings.’ Only two sites scored highly, only one being in the top 10 search results. Websites on trigeminal neuralgia need to appreciate areas highlighted in the DISCERN© instrument, in order to provide balanced, reliable, evidence-based information. To advise patients who may be misguided from such sources, neurosurgeons should be aware of the quality of information on the internet.
Secrets and the Sociological Imagination
Authors: Noy Shiri
Published: March 2014

Introductory sociology classes afford instructors an opportunity to expose students, often from a variety of backgrounds and majors, to the sociological imagination. In this article, I describe how the use of secrets from a popular website, PostSecret.com , can help teach students about the sociological imagination and incorporate biographical examples in explanations of broader social trends and sociological concepts. I present results from a survey of students in an introductory sociology class in order to gauge their response to the use of anonymous secrets. Results reveal that over 75 percent of students indicated that PostSecret helped them understand the sociological imagination and learn sociological concepts, 93 percent of students reported that it helped them understand course content through the use of examples, and 69 percent indicated that it helped them remember important concepts. Students also indicated that the discussion of secrets helped them recognize their own assumptions about the social world and provided them with a perspectives different from their own.
Measuring Coping in Pregnant Minority Women
Authors: Ruiz Roberta Jeanne , Gennaro Susan , O’Connor Caitlin , Marti C. Nathan , Lulloff Amanda , Keshinover Tayra , Gibeau Anne , Melnyk Bernadette
Published: March 2014

Coping strategies may help explain why some minority women experience more stress and poorer birth outcomes, so a psychometrically sound instrument to assess coping is needed. We examined the psychometric properties, readability, and correlates of coping in pregnant Black ( n = 186) and Hispanic ( n = 220) women using the Brief COPE. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tested psychometric properties. The Flesch–Kincaid Reading Level test assessed readability. Linear regression models tested correlates of coping. Findings suggested two factors for the questionnaire: active and disengaged coping, as well as adequate reliability, validity, and readability level. For disengaged coping, Cronbach’s α was .78 (English) and .70 (Spanish), and for active coping .86 (English) and .92 (Spanish). A two group confirmatory factor analysis revealed both minority groups had equivalent factor loadings. The reading level was at the sixth grade. Age, education, and gravidity were all found to be significant correlates with active coping.
Understanding antecedents to perceived information risks
Authors: Libaque-Sáenz Christian Fernando , Wong Siew Fan , Chang Younghoon , Ha Young Wook , Park Myeong-Cheol
Published: March 2014

With increasing usage of electronic devices, people are creating digital footprints of their everyday actions. These footprints come in the form of big data, and can provide useful insights into customer preferences, thus enabling companies to gain business benefits. However, customers may perceive usage of their personal information as a threat. The telecommunications sector is facing this issue. It is capable of collecting huge amount of data due to wide usage of smartphones and mobile Internet. Yet, it is unable to capitalize on these data. To manage customer perception of information risks in giving telecommunications companies permission to use their personal information, this study examines factors that influence customers’ risk perception. A survey of 512 Internet panel members in Korea shows that information practices play an important role in shaping information privacy concerns, trust, and perceived information risks. Information privacy concern is the strongest predictor of perceived information risks, followed by perceived data control, and trust. Perceived policy awareness and perceived information protection significantly influence perceived data control. The findings imply that telecommunications companies ought to increase the level of customer trust, improve their information practices, and reduce customers’ information privacy concerns if they want to lower customer perception toward information risks.
Head Trauma in Mixed Martial Arts
Authors: Hutchison Michael G. , Lawrence David W. , Cusimano Michael D. , Schweizer Tom A.
Published: March 2014

Background:

Mixed martial arts (MMA) is a full combative sport with a recent global increase in popularity despite significant scrutiny from medical associations. To date, the empirical research of the risk of head injuries associated with this sport is limited. Youth and amateur participation is growing, warranting investigation into the burden and mechanism of injuries associated with this sport.

Purpose:

(1) To determine the incidence, risk factors, and characteristics of knockouts (KOs) and technical knockouts (TKOs) from repetitive strikes in professional MMA; and (2) to identify the mechanisms of head trauma and the situational factors that lead to KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes through video analysis.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Competition data and video records for all KOs and TKOs from numbered Ultimate Fighting Championship MMA events (n = 844) between 2006 to 2012. Analyses included (1) multivariate logistic regression to investigate factors associated with an increased risk of sustaining a KO or TKO secondary to repetitive strikes and (2) video analysis of all KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes with descriptive statistics.

Results:

During the study period, the KO rate was 6.4 per 100 athlete-exposures (AEs) (12.7% of matches), and the rate of TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes was 9.5 per 100 AEs (19.1% of matches), for a combined incidence of match-ending head trauma of 15.9 per 100 AEs (31.9% of matches). Logistic regression identified that weight class, earlier time in a round, earlier round in a match, and older age were risk factors for both KOs and TKOs secondary to repetitive strikes. Match significance and previously sustained KOs or TKOs were also risk factors for KOs. Video analysis identified that all KOs were the result of direct impact to the head, most frequently a strike to the mandibular region (53.9%). The average time between the KO-strike and match stoppage was 3.5 seconds (range, 0-20 seconds), with losers sustaining an average of 2.6 additional strikes (range, 0-20 strikes) to the head. For TKOs secondary to strikes, in the 30-second interval immediately preceding match stoppage, losers sustained, on average, 18.5 strikes (range, 5-46 strikes), with 92.3% of these being strikes to the head.

Conclusion:

Rates of KOs and TKOs in MMA are higher than previously reported rates in other combative and contact sports. Public health authorities and physicians should be cognizant of the rates and mechanisms of head trauma. Preventive measures to lessen the risks of head trauma for those who elect to participate in MMA are described.
Repeated Exposure to Anesthetic Ketamine Can Negatively Impact Neurodevelopment in Infants
Authors: Yan Jia , Li Yi-ran , Zhang Ying , Lu Yi , Jiang Hong
Published: March 2014

Animal experiments indicate that repeated exposure to ketamine adversely affects the developing brain. Whether it has the same effect on infants remains unclear. We recruited infants who were scheduled for 1 to 3 outpatient laser surgery treatments of benign facial growths with ketamine anesthesia. Patients were assigned to the Ket1, Ket2, or Ket3 group, according to the number of treatments. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition (BSID-II) was used to assess neurodevelopmental outcomes before the first and after the last therapy. Levels of S-100β were also measured. Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Second Edition scores after the last procedure were lower than those before the first surgery in the Ket3 group ( P < .05). S-100β levels after the last procedure were significantly higher than those before the first surgery in all groups ( P < .05). Our results suggest that 3 or more exposures to anesthetic ketamine have the potential to adversely affect neurodevelopment in infants.
A Novel SUCLA2 Mutation in a Portuguese Child Associated With “Mild” Methylmalonic Aciduria
Authors: Nogueira Célia , Meschini Maria Chiara , Nesti Claudia , Garcia Paula , Diogo Luisa , Valongo Carla , Costa Ricardo , Videira Arnaldo , Vilarinho Laura , Santorelli Filippo M.
Published: March 2014

Succinyl–coenzyme A synthase is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the reversible synthesis of succinate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from succinyl–coenzyme A and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This enzyme is made up of α and β subunits encoded by SUCLG1 and SUCLA2, respectively. We present a child with severe muscular hypotonia, dystonia, failure to thrive, sensorineural deafness, and dysmorphism. Metabolic investigations disclosed hyperlactacidemia, moderate urinary excretion of methylmalonic acid, and elevated levels of C4-dicarboxylic carnitine in blood. We identified a novel homozygous p.M329V in SUCLA2. In cultured cells, the p.M329V resulted in a reduced amount of the SUCLA2 protein, impaired production of mitochondrial ATP, and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, which was partially reduced by using 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide in the culture medium. Expanding the array of SUCLA2 mutations, we suggested that reactive oxygen species scavengers are likely to impact on disease prognosis.
Social Communication Features in Children following Moderate to Severe Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Breau Lynn M. , Clark Brenda , Scott Ori , Wilkes Courtney , Reynolds Shawn , Ricci Florencia , Sonnenberg Lyn , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Rashid Marghalara , Goez Helly R.
Published: March 2014

We compared the social communication deficits of children with moderate to severe acquired brain injury or autism spectrum disorder, while accounting for the role of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Parents of 20 children aged 6 to 10 years (10 acquired brain injury; 10 autism spectrum disorder) completed the Social Communication Questionnaire, and Conners 3 Parent Short. A multivariate analysis of covariance revealed significant differences between groups in Social Communication Questionnaire restricted repetitive behavior scores, but not reciprocal social interaction or social communication. Multiple linear regressions indicated diagnosis did not predict reciprocal social interaction or social communication scores and that Conners 3 Parent Short Form hyperactivity scores were the strongest predictor of Social Communication Questionnaire reciprocal social interaction scores after accounting for age and Intelligence Quotient. The lack of difference in social communication deficits between groups may help in understanding the pathophysiology underlying the behavioral consequences of acquired brain injury. The link between hyperactivity and reciprocal interaction suggests that targeting hyperactivity may improve social outcomes in children following acquired brain injury.
Empowering Families in Difficult Times
Authors: Scheuler Leslie , Diouf Kathleen , Nevels Eulonda , Hughes Nicole
Published: March 2014

The Women’s Economic Stability Initiative developed and evaluated a new model to help low-income, single women with children make progress toward economic stability through vocational training/educational attainment (particularly in fields traditionally dominated by men), financial assistance for reliable childcare, transportation, and housing, and life coaching/case management using an empowerment approach. During the first 3 years of the initiative, participants made progress in attaining academic degrees, maintaining employment, experiencing modest increases in income, some success in building assets, and paying down/eliminating credit card debt. The initiative provided the support needed to help women gain greater stability for themselves and their children.