bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the silver eel (Anguilla marmorata) gonad during downstream migration in the Lake Poso system, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Haryani Gadis Sri , Triyanto  , Samir Octavianto , Lukman  , Hidayat  , Ali Fauzan , Sulawesty Fachmijany , Wibowo Hendro , Agus Setiawan Foni , Triwisesa Endra , Riyanto Mohammad , Dwinovantyo Angga , Nafisyah Eva
Published: November 2021

The Lake Poso system is located in Central Sulawesi and is connected to the Tomini Bay by the Poso River. It is known that five out of nine Indonesian eel species were found at the Poso River. Anguilla marmorata is the most caught species. However, uncontrolled catching during downstream migration and the construction of a hydropower plant threaten the silver eel in the Lake Poso system. Research on silver eel (A. marmorata) in Lake Poso was conducted to determine and compare the condition of gonad development as part of the reproductive process. This represents essential information in eel fisheries management in Lake Poso. The eels were collected through bamboo traps (waya masapi). The present study calculates the GSI and HSI values, and histological analyses characterize the gonad. The GSI of eel ranges from 1.95 to 5.69%, and the HSI value ranges from 0.83 to 1.16%. Histological observation showed that eels from Tentena (Lake Poso outlet) and from the estuary of Poso River have ovaries in the early vitellogenic stage (III) and the vitellogenic stage (IV).
Length-weight relationships Silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) in Mamberamo River, Papua
Authors: Dwirastina Mirna , Marson
Published: November 2021

There are big rivers in Papua province, one of which is the Mamberamo River. The Mamberamo River, known as the Amazon of Indonesia, has very high biodiversity. Silver barb is one of the fish caught in the Mamberamo River. Silver barb is an adaptable fish, has many types and varies. Variations in Silver barb are caused by interactions with the environment as well as isolation mechanisms. This research explains the relationship between weight-length and condition factors Silver barb in Mamberamo River, Papua. The research location consists of four observation stations: Kali Merah, Kerumi, Telaga, and Sungai Putus. Sampling was carried out in February, May, August, and October 2016. The research method used was a survey using an enumerator and analysis using the LAM (linear allometric)model. The results showed that Silver barb growth wasallometric negativein February and October, but in May and August, growth wasallometric positive. The factor conditions for the Silver barb range 1.014-1.02.
Spatial distribution and abundance of Channa striata Bloch1793 in Sempor Reservoir, Kebumen Central Java
Authors: Setyaningrum Nuning , Nuryanto Agus , Lestari W. , Krismono
Published: November 2021

Channa striata are one of the essential catches in freshwater, including Sempor Reservoir. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution and abundance of Channa striata and the correlation between the abundance of snakehead and water quality parameters. The study was undertaken in Sempor Reservoir Central Java from March to October 2020. The method included a survey with five Stations of sampling. Distribution data were tabulated using the Microsft Excel program. Data of abundance and water quality were subjected to ANOVA. The correlation between the abundance and water quality was analyzed with the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that the distribution of snakehead fish in Sempor Reservoir covered a wide range across the inlets, middle, outlets, and beyond the dam. The catch fish was 110-390 mm long and weighed 12-588g. The male and female fish percentage was 55.68% vs 44.32%, so the female to male ratio was 0.8:1. The highest abundance of snakehead fish was in the KW station (33%). The distribution of C.striata was more affected by the fish behaviour in selecting their habitat than the water temperature, depth, and transparency. The significance of this study expects to lay the foundation for snakehead fisheries management in Sempor Reservoir.
The length-weight relationship and condition factor of Toothpony (Gazza minutaBloch, 1795) from Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java
Authors: Hasan O. D. Soebhakti
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to specify the length-weight relationship and to evaluate the relative condition factor of toothpony (Gazza minutaBloch 1795) in Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java. The fish collection was carried out monthly from January 2016 to December 2016, and a total of 190 individual fishes were caught using gillnet with mesh sizes varying from 1 to 2 inches. The fish samples ranged from 30 – 138mm in length and 0.41 – 35.83 g in weight. The length-weight relationship was W= 1.51 10-4L2.388, and the condition factors of fish varied from 1.1 ± 0.22 to 2.03 ± 2.29. These results indicate that the growth pattern of toothpony (Gazza minutaBloch 1795) in Pabean Bay was allometric negative.
Tropical marine fish from Celukan Bawang Port, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Aulia Rizkyanti , Hanifa Riskha , Arfiantinosa Nassa , Mahmudi Aris , Huda Mohamad Nurul
Published: November 2021

Celukan Bawang port is located in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The area of Celukan Bawang Port has a coral reef ecosystem that is very rarely found in Indonesian ports. The coral reef has an important role for coral reef fish as their habitat. This study aims to conduct coral reef fish in the Celukan Bawang port area. A survey was conducted by using UVC (Underwater Visual Census) method at four (4) stations in October 2019. The coral-reef fish family identified in this research consisted of 853 individuals belonging to 14 families and 34 species. The dominant family were Pomacentridae (63.53%), Labridae (25.21%), Achanthuridae (2.70%), Chaetodontidae (1.17%), and Ptereleotrididae (1.17%). The most abundant species were Dascyllus trimaculatus (2270 ind/ha), Halichoeres prosopeion (1550 ind/ha), and Pomacentrus coelestis (95 ind/ha). Shannon-Wiener diversity index value was 2.414, and there were no dominant species observed.
Length ratio, histological structure, feed composition, and enzyme activity in the gut of yellow rasbora (Rasbora lateristriata Blkr.)
Authors: Susilo Untung , Sukardi Purnama , Affandi Ridwan
Published: November 2021

A study of the ratio of gut length, histological structure, feed composition, and enzyme activity in the foregut had carried out to determine the feed category of yellow rasbora. The study used a survey method with sampling in the Banjaran River, Banyumas, Central Java. The research data had analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results showed that the gut length ratio of yellow rasbora ranged from 0.53 to 0.81. Gut histological showed no stomach structure with the relative height of the villi in the middle intestine approaching 0.5. Feed composition in the foregut showed that 60% was animal, and the rest were detritus and microalgae. Measurement of protease activity at foregut showed that no acidic protease activity but found alkaline proteases. In conclusion, yellow rasbora was an omnivorous fish with a short intestine and no functioning stomach.
The edu-tourism fisheries as an alternative to the development of tourism in Gunung Salak village Selemadeg Timur District Tabanan Regency, Bali Province
Authors: Nuraini Yenni , Sari Diah Ayu Meriana , Hanan Abdul
Published: November 2021

Gunung Salak Village is a tourist village located in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province, with fishery potential. Edu-tourism Fisheries is a fishery facility that provides added value for fish farming education and tourism. The initiation of Edu-tourism Fisheries is carried out through the empowerment of fishery groups, namely fisheries extension. The purpose was to see changes in the level of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the target towards the concept of culinary tourism, hygiene and sanitation, and innovation of traditional processed fish products. The study was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021. The respondents were 10-12 farmers and five elementary school children. The research method uses lectures, discussions, demonstrations, and observations. Fisheries education socialization obtained cognitive changes of 27% and affective of 10%. Culinary tourism socialization obtained cognitive changes of 25.8% and affective of 8.3%. Hygiene sanitation and innovation of traditional processed fish products obtained 32.5% cognitive, 10% effective, and 36.7% psychomotor. Outdoor study of elementary school students obtained 33% cognitive and affective changes 16%. The initiation of Edu-tourism Fisheries impacts changing the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the target so that the concept of Edu-tourism Fisheries can be realized.
Improvement of livebearer fish reproductive performance using Oocyte Developer (OODEV)
Authors: Iskandar Andri , Rafiuddin Muhammad A. , Sudrajat Agus O.
Published: November 2021

Livebearer fish have a unique reproduction by internal fertilization without supplied nutrition from parents. However, increasing the frequency of spawning remains unknown. Therefore, the study aimed to improve reproductive performance by expanding the spawning frequency in three livebearer fish species: guppy, black molly, and platy. Four sets of 10 fish (6 females and 4 males) aged 80 days after birth were maintained in controlled media at 25-28 °C in the separated tank sized 20x20x15 cm. All the fish were fed commercially and mixed with oocyte developer (OODEV) for 14 days at satiation. By using the same fish, spawning and rematuration were observed for 30 and 45 days respectively. The reproductive performance was evaluated for 45 days. The OODEVtreated broodstock showed birthing the larvae in all tanks on the 7th day after treatment, while control fish displayed on the 14th day. The percentage of pregnant broodstock was 66.6-100% in each tank, indicating the OODEV-supplemented diet can be used to increase oocyte growth in the gonad. In the rematuration experiment, the fish spawned a 3-fold increase in frequencies of spawning. These data suggested that OODEV can stimulate oocyte growth and increase the birthing frequency in livebearers.
Effect of Different Stocking Density of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Cultured in Recirculation Aquaculture System
Authors: Puspaningsih Dewi , Setijaningsih Lies , Setiadi Eri , Taufik Imam
Published: November 2021

In Indonesia, the use of such recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is rapidly increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth, blood chemistry, and water quality of snakehead fish (C. striata) maintained in RAS at varied stocking densities. The RAS was established at the Bogor-based Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension. The study employed a completely randomized study using 3 various densities: A). 1 individual L-1, B). 3 individual L-1 and c). 6 individuals L-1, each using three replications. The average weight and length of snakehead fish used is 1.50±0.63 g and 6.20±0.94 cm. Growth performances such as survival rate, weight, and length gain, food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and final biomass were observed during the research. Blood chemistry parameters analyzed were blood glucose, triglycerides, and total protein. The water quality characteristics were evaluated: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate. The analysis indicates that snakehead fish's growth performances and blood chemistry parameters differed considerably (P<0.05) across all density treatments, with 3 individual L-1 showing the best growth performances. The RAS utilized in snakehead fish culture kept the water quality parameters steady throughout the study.
The effect of escape gaps of cylinder folding traps on fish catch at the coastal waters of Tuban Regency
Authors: Adyatama Farrel Nafis , Huda Ghassan Nurul , Alfiatunnisa Nahla , Rachman Faizal , Djasmani Supardjo Supardi , Setiawan Riza Yuliratno , Partsuwiryo Suwarman , Djumanto  , Setyobudi Eko
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the escape gap of cylinder folding trap on catch per unit effort (CPUE), trap rate, composition, and size of fish caught in the coastal waters of Tuban Regency. The research was conducted in November 2019 by deploying 60 units in ten experimental fishing trips at different locations. The traps were 20 units without escape gap, 20 units with an escape gap of 3 cm x 6 cm, and 20 units with an escape gap of 4 cm x 7 cm. Overall, the experiments resulted in a collection of 22 species of marine organisms, such as swimming crabs (33% of total weight), snails, shrimps, crabs, fishes (55% of total weight), and cuttlefish. The highest CPUE was found for the traps with escape gaps of 4 cm x 7 cm, i.e., 9.18 gr/trap/trip. There was no significant difference in the total catch, the weight of catches, trap rate, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) among the three types of traps.
Comparison of handline tuna catches in Indian Ocean and Banda Sea waters
Authors: Tri Hargiyatno Ignatius , Fiji Anggawangsa Regi , Natsir Moh. , Gede Bayu Sedana I. , Anung Widodo Agustinus , Wudianto
Published: November 2021

There are two essential landing sites for handline tuna in Indonesia: Palabuhanratu (in the Indian Ocean) and Kendari (in the Banda Sea). This paper analyzes handline catches from the Indian Ocean and Banda Sea waters as the main fishing ground. The catch composition of the handline tuna landed in Kendari is more varied than Palabuhanratu. Several species commonly caught are yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) as a target species, and some billfish species as bycatch. Mean CPUE for handline tuna landed in Palabuhanratu is lower than Kendari. A significant difference is based on the monthly mean CPUE variation between Palabuhanratu and Kendari landing sites (p < 0.001). Handline catches in Palabuhanratu had a more comprehensive range of length sizes than Kendari, using a two-sample K-S test showed significant differences (p < 0.001). The fish size landed in Kendari is relatively smaller than Palabuhanratu. The average length of fish caught by handline is smaller than the length at first maturity (Lm) value in both landing sites. The use of large size hook for hand lines is recommended for catching tunas in this area.
The expression patterns of HSP70 and HSP90 genes of abalone (Haliotis squamata) using 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic during transportation
Authors: Yasa Ngurah S. , Anshory Lutfi , Winarno  , Gde Sasmita Julyantoro Pande
Published: November 2021

The packaging of abalone (H. squamata) (39.65 ± 0.24 mm TL) for long-term transportation (>8 hours) requires the addition of substances that provide an anesthetic effect so that it could reduce stress and maintain survival rate post transportation without having to repack. The objective was to investigate the expression pattern of HSP70 and HSP90 genes of abalone during transport with the addition of 2-phenoxyethanol. Abalone was packed using a styrofoam box with dimensions (42.5 x 75.5 x 27.5 cm3), containing 2 pcs of 10L Polyethylene (PE) plastic bags. The plastic bag consisted of 2 pcs of 25cm, 4-inch Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe for abalone attached. Both ends line enclosed with screen net and tied with rubber bands. Abalone density was 50 heads/pipe. Transportation tests were carried out using a dry system and wet system with and without the addition of 2-phenoxyethanol (PK, KK). Data analysis was done by paired sample ttest and ANOVA with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the best abalone survival (85%) was obtained in wet transport + 2-phenoxyethanol (PB) (p<0.05) within 24 hours of transportation.
Enhancement of boron removal from metallurgical-grade silicon by titanium addition during slag refining
Authors: Li Yaqiong , Zhang Lifeng , Liu Ligang
Published: November 2021

The effects of titanium addition (0 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%) on the boron removal from metallurgical-grade silicon during slag refining have been studied. According to the findings, the addition of Ti improved the removal of 92.5 wt.% B with 0.5 wt.% Ti addition compared to 79.4 wt.% B removal without Ti addition. Furthermore, acid leaching reduced excess Ti to 27 ppmw.
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ofAcanthamoeba castellaniiparticipates in resistance to polyhexamethylene biguanide treatment
Authors: Huang Jian-Ming , Ko Pin-Ju , Huang Chao-Li , Wen Po-Wei , Chen Chun-Hsien , Shih Min-Hsiu , Lin Wei-Chen , Huang Fu-Chin
Published: November 2021

Acanthamoebaspp. are free-living parasites that can cause severe infections such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) and amoebic keratitis (AK). Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a topical application for AK treatment. However, PHMB is not entirely effective against allAcanthamoebastrains or isolates. The mechanisms by whichAcanthamoebaprotects itself against extreme drug conditions without encystation are still unknown. According to a previous study, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450MO) plays an important role in the oxidative biotransformation of numerous drugs related to metabolism. In this study, a CYP450MO fragment was inserted into the pGAPDH-EGFP vector and transfected intoAcanthamoeba castellanii. We found that CYP450MO-overexpressingAcanthamoebahad higher survival rates than those of the control cells after PHMB treatment. Moreover, we also found that encystation-related genes such as cellulose synthase I (CSI), encystation-mediating serine proteinase (EMSP), and autophagy-related protein 8 (ATG8) expression levels were not significantly different betweenAcanthamoebatransfected by pGAPDH-EGFP or pGAPDH-EGFP-CYP450MO. We suggest thatAcanthamoebatransfected by pGAPDH-EGFP-CYP450MO may not induce encystation-related genes to resist PHMB treatment. In conclusion, these findings indicate that CYP450MO may be an additional target when PHMB is used for treatment of amoebic keratitis.
Perceptions et représentations des étudiants en médecine concernant leur exposition aux risques psychosociaux au cours du deuxième cycle des études médicales en France. Modèle conceptuel du huis clos psychique et enjeux pédagogiques
Authors: Lajzerowicz Marion , Landi Claudi , Chicoulaa Bruno , Mesthé Pierre , Oustric Stéphane , Escourrou Emile
Published: November 2021

Contexte : Les étudiants en médecine de deuxième cycle sont particulièrement exposés aux risques psychosociaux et d’épuisement professionnel. La prise de conscience de ces risques est une étape nécessaire pour pouvoir bénéficier de mesures de prévention. Objectifs : Explorer les perceptions et représentations des étudiants en médecine concernant les risques psychosociaux auxquels ils sont exposés ; en dégager des enjeux didactiques et pédagogiques. Méthodes : Étude qualitative menée à l’Université de Toulouse (France) par entretiens semi-dirigés auprès des étudiants en médecine, jusqu’à la saturation des données. L’analyse des données a été réalisée selon la méthode de la théorisation ancrée, avec la triangulation des chercheurs. Résultats : Treize entretiens ont été réalisés. Les risques psychosociaux étaient retrouvés à travers l’expression des difficultés vécues mais la notion de risque y était peu rattachée. Le sentiment de non-légitimité, le poids de la hiérarchie, le dogme du médecin infaillible, le tabou des difficultés avec la neutralisation des émotions formaient un huis clos psychique contraignant la réflexion vers l’analyse des risques. L’origine de ce huis clos semblait être le curriculum caché des études de médecine. L’éclairage du curriculum caché, en interaction avec le développement d’une pratique réflexive et des enseignements de sciences humaines, pourrait favoriser l’analyse des risques mais également participer au développement du professionnalisme des étudiants. L’intégration de ces notions dans les enseignements et dans le quotidien des stages pourrait être encouragée. Conclusion : Amener les étudiants, et leurs formateurs, vers la reconnaissance et la légitimation des difficultés présentes dans les études de médecine s’inscrit dans une démarche de promotion du bien-être et de renforcement des compétences cliniques et humaines des étudiants.
Der Schlaf der Vernunft
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: November 2021

Francisco de Goya hat uns mit seinen Aquatinta-Radierungen aus dem Jahr 1799, den
Caprichos („Einfällen“), in Blatt 43 eine
besonders eindringliche Mahnung hinterlassen. Das mit dem Titel „Der
Schlaf der Vernunft gebiert Ungeheuer“ (span.: El sueño
de la razón produce monstruos) versehene Blatt zeigt den schlafenden
Maler, hinter welchem nächtliche Ungeheuer aufsteigen, nicht
unähnlich einem Schwarm an Fledermäusen. Schützend
beschirmen ihn gleichzeitig zwei Eulen, von denen die eine ihm eine Feder reicht,
als wolle sie ihn zum wachen Tätigwerden drängen. Die Kunstkritik
ordnet das Bild zunächst in den aufklärerischen Rahmen seiner Zeit
ein, gleichsam als Programm gegen die monströsen Fantasien von Unvernunft
und Laster, Ignoranz und Arroganz. 1810–1814 folgt eine zweite Sammlung an
Aquatinta-Radierungen, betitelt „Die Schrecken des Krieges“,
eine ungeschminkte Illustration der (un)menschlichen Gräuel im Kontext der
politischen und sozialen Zustände seiner Zeit –
gewissermaßen eine Kommentierung und Illustration der Folgen einer
schlafenden Vernunft.
Clinical Quiz—A Rare Case of Anal Canal Duplication in the Context of Currarino Syndrome
Authors: Connor Sean Jared , Brisighelli Giulia , Patel Nirav , Levitt Marc A.
Published: November 2021

Currarino syndrome (CS) is a rare condition that presents with any combination of a sacral defect, a presacral mass, and an anorectal malformation. This collection, referred to as Currarino's triad, may not necessarily present as all three abnormalities in the diagnosis of the syndrome. Anal canal duplication (ACD) is an even rarer occurrence. We present a case that lies on the CS spectrum with an associated ACD and discuss a complex surgical challenge that necessitated a customized management plan, devised through a multidisciplinary approach.
Access Route for Endovascular Neurointervention - Transfemoral to Transradial: Is it Worth the Effort and are we Ready for the Change?
Authors: Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Agarwal Vivek , Vyas Sameer , Gupta Vivek
Published: November 2021

Transfemoral access for neurointerventions has been a time-tested technique of entering the vascular network of the body and reaching the intended targets. However, it has its own share of shortcomings in the form of long admission times leading to increased costs, patient inconvenience and local (though infrequent) adverse affects. Transradial route has taken the interventional cardiology domain by storm and is staring now at other vascular domains especially neurointervention. It has shown better outcomes than the transfemoral route in many aspects. The current article discusses the vascular access perspectives with an exhaustive overview of the transradial route concerning its historical perspectives, its requirement in the current clinical scenario, the procedure per se including the adverse effects and whether it has the real world charm to displace the transfemoral route into the backseat. Transradial access in neurointervention is here to stay, however it would require training, certain modifications in the standard catheters that one currently uses for cerebral procedures and constant practice by the operator to cross the learning curve and attain a certain level of competence before he becomes comfortable with the technique.
Workflow Automation for a Virtual Hypertension Management Program
Authors: Aronson Samuel , Scirica Benjamin M. , Gordon William J. , Blood Alexander J. , Chaney Kira , Clark Eugene , Glynn Corey , Green Remlee , Laurent John St. , Mailly Charlotte , McPartlin Marian , Murphy Shawn , Nichols Hunter , Oates Michael , Subramaniam Samantha , Varugheese Matthew , Wagholikar Kavishwar
Published: November 2021

Objectives Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for numerous comorbidities and treating hypertension can greatly improve health outcomes. We sought to increase the efficiency of a virtual hypertension management program through workflow automation processes.

Methods We developed a customer relationship management (CRM) solution at our institution for the purpose of improving processes and workflow for a virtual hypertension management program and describe here the development, implementation, and initial experience of this CRM system.

Results Notable system features include task automation, patient data capture, multi-channel communication, integration with our electronic health record (EHR), and device integration (for blood pressure cuffs). In the five stages of our program (intake and eligibility screening, enrollment, device configuration/setup, medication titration, and maintenance), we describe some of the key process improvements and workflow automations that are enabled using our CRM platform, like automatic reminders to capture blood pressure data and present these data to our clinical team when ready for clinical decision making. We also describe key limitations of CRM, like balancing out-of-the-box functionality with development flexibility. Among our first group of referred patients, 76% (39/51) preferred email as their communication method, 26/51 (51%) were able to enroll electronically, and 63% of those enrolled (32/51) were able to transmit blood pressure data without phone support.

Conclusion A CRM platform could improve clinical processes through multiple pathways, including workflow automation, multi-channel communication, and device integration. Future work will examine the operational improvements of this health information technology solution as well as assess clinical outcomes.
Exploring the mechanical behavior of polymer-bonded energetic materials under high pressure and shear
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: November 2021

Quantitative understanding of hotspot formation in explosive materials is developed for higher-than-normal loading conditions.
Toward comprehensive exploration of the physisorption space in porous pseudomaterials using an iterative mutation search algorithm
Authors: Boone Paul , Wilmer Christopher E.
Published: November 2021

We describe an updated algorithm for efficiently exploring structure–property spaces relating to physisorption of gases in porous materials. This algorithm uses previously described “pseudomaterials,” which are crystals of randomly arranged and parameterized Lennard-Jones spheres, and combines it with a new iterative mutation exploration method. This algorithm is significantly more efficient at sampling the structure–property space than previously reported methods. For the sake of benchmarking to prior work, we apply this method to exploring methane adsorption at 35 bars (298 K) and void fraction as the main structure–property combination. We demonstrate the effect and importance of the changes that were required to increase efficiency over prior methods. The most important changes were (1) using “discrete” mutations less often, (2) decreasing degrees of freedom, and (3) removing biasing from mutations on bounded parameters.
Numerical simulation of the cavitating noise of contra-rotating propellers based on detached eddy simulation and the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings acoustics equation
Authors: Hu Jian , Ning Xiaoshen , Zhao Wang , Li Fugeng , Ma Jiachen , Zhang Weipeng , Sun Shili , Zou Mingsong , Lin Changgang
Published: November 2021

Contra-rotating propellers (CRPs) are widely used in different kinds of underwater vessels, owing to their excellent stability, propulsive efficiency, and balanced torque distribution characteristics. However, the cavitation that occurs due to their high rotational speeds also generates high levels of cavitation noise. In this study, CRP noise radiations were predicted via detached-eddy simulations with the shear stress transfer k-ω turbulence model, the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) acoustics model, and the Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model. The cavitation noise of the CRP was predicted using sound radiation theory for spherical bubbles and compared to non-cavitation noise levels from the FW–H equation. It was found that the non-cavitation noise of the CRP is significantly louder in the axial direction than in the radial direction. Furthermore, the noise sound-pressure levels (SPLs) of the flow field generally decrease with increasing frequency. When the effects of cavitation on the flow are taken into account, the SPLs of the CRP noise become significantly higher at all equidistant positions from the center of the propeller. The anisotropy in sound pressure also becomes insignificant when cavitation is present.
Stratified flow distribution during gas–liquid downflow in the mesodomain
Authors: Kumar Amit , Pujari Srinivasa Rao , Ray Subhabrata , Das Gargi
Published: November 2021

The paper discusses the formation and characteristics of stratified air–water downflow in the mesodomain. The stratified pattern, observed at low phase velocities, is characterized by air and water flowing side by side and both wetting the conduit wall, similar to stratified distributions in horizontal conduits. Such flow segregation without the influence of gravity is counterintuitive and no detailed investigation on the formation and flow physics of this distribution is reported till date. We have performed extensive experiments in glass conduits of 2.5–12.5 mm diameter where the two phases are introduced through T and Y junctions with different included angles between the entry arms. Our experiments reveal that stratified flows are formed up to a critical angle ϕc subtended by the edges of the circumferential liquid film and beyond the critical wetting angle, the flow pattern is annular with liquid completely wetting the conduit wall. We further note ϕc to depend on liquid properties, included angle of Y-entry, conduit diameter, and phase flow rates. Based on experimental observations, we propose a simplistic analysis to relate the liquid properties, conduit dimension, and Y-entry included angle and the liquid and gas flow rates to describe the formation of stratified and annular flow at the junction. The analysis also estimates the in situ void fraction during stratified gas–liquid downflow.
Double-diffusive instability in a thin vertical channel
Authors: Legare Sierra , Grace Andrew , Stastna Marek
Published: November 2021

Double-diffusive convection in the finger regime is studied using direct numerical simulations in a confined domain. For narrow (1–4 mm horizontal extent) domains, we demonstrate active instabilities that are uniquely double-diffusive, or in other words that no instabilities develop when differential diffusion is not present. The novel double-diffusive instabilities are influenced by the boundaries, but demonstrate complex time-dependent evolution down to lateral extents of 1.25 mm. We quantify the energetics, the horizontal asymmetry, and the buoyancy flux due to the instability. We utilize these results to characterize the instability within regimes and point out that while coherent instabilities associated with larger gaps are well characterized by the ratio of diffusive effects to buoyancy forces (the time dependent Grashof number), for smaller gap widths, regime characterization is more difficult. Nevertheless, even at a gap of 1.25 mm, the instability remains robust, and thus it can be concluded that double diffusion can be employed to drive localized mixing in highly confined settings for which single constituent Rayleigh–Taylor does not manifest.
Diffusion-limited osmotic swelling of droplets
Authors: Roure Gesse A. , Davis Robert H.
Published: November 2021

Swelling phenomena due to permeation appear in problems, such as the swelling of hydrogels and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions. In the osmotic swelling of W/O/W emulsions driven by an inner salt concentration, diffusive effects inside the drop can decrease its expansion rate considerably. Although these inner-diffusion effects can play a large role on hindering drop swelling, they have not usually been taken into account in most works concerning the swelling kinetics of W/O/W emulsions. We perform numerical simulations of the expansion-diffusion problem governing the diffusion inside an expanding spherical droplet containing salt and with a semi-permeable interface. We also present asymptotic solutions for the limiting cases of slow and fast diffusion, which we compare with our numerical results. The results indicate that diffusive resistance significantly reduces the swelling kinetics of droplets. Moreover, in the regime of large Péclet numbers, diffusive effects are localized near the drop's interface in a concentration boundary layer, as predicted by our theory. The numerical results presented in this paper are in agreement with the behavior observed in recent experiments on W/O/W emulsion swelling.
Avian influenza H5N1: still a pandemic threat?
Authors: Horwood Paul F
Published: November 2021

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have become endemic in global poultry populations over the past 25 years and pose an ongoing public health threat. Although the incidence of human cases has declined, viruses from the H5N1 lineage can now be found in poultry throughout Asia, the Middle East and Africa, in addition to causing outbreaks in Europe and the Americas. The recent emergence and spread of reassortant H5Nx viruses, resulting in regional poultry outbreaks, has increased the risk for further evolution of these viruses and possible avian-to-human transmission. Ongoing surveillance and pandemic preparedness for H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses of public health concern are warranted.
The immunoexpression patterns of fibroblast growth factors in the pregnant and postpartum rat ovary
Authors: Alan Emel , Kulak Yasin
Published: November 2021

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are polypeptides involved in the regulation of oogenesis and folliculogenesis by inducing ovarian mitogenic, homeostatic and angiogenic activity. This study was aimed at determining the localisation of FGF ligands (FGF1 and FGF2) and FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) in the rat ovary by immunohistochemical analyses, at pregnancy and the postpartum period. During pregnancy and the postpartum period, positive FGF1 immunoreactions were observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of germinative epithelial cells, granulosa cells of follicles in different developmental stages, theca interna cells, interstitial cells, luteal cells and atretic follicles. FGF2 immunoreactivity was strong in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells of the ovarian blood vessels and in the smooth muscle cells of the ovarian cortex and medulla. Strong FGFR2 immunoreactivity was observed in the stromal cells surrounding the blood vessels and rete ovarii. Immunoreaction intensity of the FGF1, FGF2 and FGFR2 had relatively similar abundances between the periods examined. Considering that FGFs act as local regulators in oogenesis, folliculogenesis, follicular atresia, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression and angiogenesis, this study supports the idea that FGFs may also be involved in these physiological functions in rat ovaries during pregnancy and postpartum period.
Effects of conservation and standard tillage on soil physico-chemical properties and overall quality in a semi-arid agrosystem
Authors: Amami Roua , Ibrahimi Khaled , Sher Farooq , Milham Paul J. , Khriji Dhouha , Annabi Hibat Allah , Abrougui Khaoula , Chehaibi Sayed
Published: November 2021

Context Shifting agricultural operations to more sustainable management practices is needed in the face of a changing climate. Aims In this study, the short-term effects of three tillage systems (no tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) on a wide selection of soil properties in a semi-arid agrosystem of eastern Tunisia were assessed. Methods The studied soil properties included saturation percentage, bulk density, penetration resistance, mean weight diameter, electric conductivity, soil reaction, soil organic matter, carbonates, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The impacts of tillage systems on soil quality indices (SQI) developed based on the total set of properties (SQI-T), or a minimum set (SQI-M) selected through principal component analysis, were also investigated. Key results Relative to conventional tillage, no tillage increased bulk density, penetration resistance and electrical conductivity, whereas minimum tillage affected only saturation percentage and pH. No tillage and minimum tillage did not enhance soil quality relative to conventional tillage. The SQI-T and SQI-M were highly correlated (r = 0.93) to each other suggesting that the outcomes of the two indices are comparable. Principal component analysis efficiently selected the most influential indicators of the effects of tillage systems on soil quality. Conclusions and implications Farmers in the study region are encouraged to consider minimum tillage during the early years of transition from standard to no tillage systems to avoid rapid decline in soil quality and consequent yield loss.
Pragmatics for cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Authors: Klein Julie Thompson
Published: November 2021

This chapter draws on the Field Guide, as well as on a recent study of the boundary work of collaborating in cross-disciplinary and crosssector work, with added insights from literature on team science. Heeding the editors' mandate to focus on pragmatics, it depicts the 'how' of collaboration across boundaries of expertise in short essays that define major dimensions. Each essay is framed at the start by keywords and ends with pertinent resources that individuals and groups may use in whole or in part for training modules and workshops, interventions in the course of actually conducting research, and formal curricula in higher education. The initial section of the chapter describes the overarching topic of collaboration, including the role of a collaboration plan and the centrality of communication. The remaining sections discuss three subtopics that are often linked with collaboration. The first, cross-disciplinary and crosssector work, reveals distinctions in kinds of teamwork. The second, integration, discloses degrees of interaction and synthesis. The third, leadership, describes typical needs and responsibilities. These shorter accounts of related concepts and approaches begin with definitions of crossdisciplinarity (spanning multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approaches) and cross-sector work (bridging the academy, government, industry, and communities in the north and global south). After a short summary, the conclusion reflects on the importance of integrative expertise among all team members along with needed requisite competencies.
Human behaviour change models for improving animal welfare.
Authors: Carroll Grace A. , Groarke Jenny M. , Graham-Wisener Lisa
Published: November 2021

In this chapter, three key frameworks will be outlined, as well as how they fit together. This will allow animal welfare scientists to develop human behaviour change plans from start to finish. These three frameworks are (i) the theoretical domains framework (TDF; Michie et al., 2005); (ii) the behaviour change wheel (BCW; Michie et al., 2011, 2014); and (iii) the behaviour change technique taxonomy (BCTT; Michie et al., 2013). Each framework is described, and guidance is provided for applying these models to design effective human behaviour change interventions. Common pitfalls are outlined, and animal welfare examples are provided throughout to aid understanding.
Behavioural tests for learning and cognition in humans and animals.
Authors: Nordquist Rebecca E.
Published: November 2021

This chapter gives an overview of animal cognition research and its techniques. Nordquist also points out that differences between disciplines in the journals, and their impact factor, can complicate collaboration between researchers from human science and animal science.
Using principles from behavioural ecology to address animal welfare issues.
Authors: Arnott Gareth , Lee Victoria E. , Turner Simon P.
Published: November 2021

Behavioural ecologists and animal welfare scientists both study animal behaviour but from different angles. This chapter discusses how these two research fields differ, and how they can support each other.
Investigation of SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn single quantum well with enhanced well emission
Authors: Olorunsola Oluwatobi , Ojo Solomon , Abernathy Grey , Zhou Yiyin , Amoah Sylvester , Grant P C , Dou Wei , Margetis Joe , Tolle John , Kuchuk Andrian , Du Wei , Li Baohua , Zhang Yong-Hang , Yu Shui-Qing
Published: November 2021

In this work, a SiGeSn/GeSn/SiGeSn single quantum well was grown and characterized. The sample has a thicker GeSn well of 22nm compared to a previously reported 9nm well configuration. The thicker well leads to: (i) lowered ground energy level in Γ valley offering more bandgap directness; (ii) increased carrier density in the well; and (iii) improved carrier collection due to increased barrier height. As a result, significantly enhanced emission from the quantum well was observed. The strong photoluminescence (PL) signal allows for the estimation of quantum efficiency (QE), which was unattainable in previous studies. Using pumping-power-dependent PL spectra at 20K, the peak spontaneous QE and external QE were measured as 37.9% and 1.45%, respectively.
Energetic and magnetic directional aggregation properties of KPA@Fe3O4 composite particles prepared via a microcrystalline co-precipitation route
Authors: Chen Yongpeng , Zhang Jianguo , Li Ying , Zhang Jiawei , Zhang Huichao , Zhou Zunning
Published: November 2021

The development of new electromagnetic interference materials has attracted much attention in the information warfare. Herein, a novel KPA@

Fe

3

O

4

composite particle was synthesized via a microcrystalline co-precipitation method. X-ray diffractions, scanning electron microscopes and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements were used to characterize the products. The results indicated that the surface of the potassium picrate (KPA) crystals was covered by magnetic

Fe

3

O

4

nanoparticles, and composite particles exhibited excellent magnetic properties. Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the composite particles was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, which showed that the composite particles inherited the energetic property of pure KPA crystals when the mass fraction of magnetic component was 50%, or 65%. As for the composite particles with 75% magnetic component, the thermal stability of was poor. In addition, the magnetic directional aggregation performance of composite particles was analyzed by dynamic simulation, which moved toward the magnetic source. For the composite particles with 50% magnetic component, the maximum concentration was about 63 times of the initial concentration, and the peak velocity was 0.63 m s−1. With the mass fraction of magnetic component increasing to 65%, the concentration and velocity of the composite particles generally increased at the corresponding moment. As the mass fraction of magnetic component increased to 75%, the change of them was not obvious. Therefore, the composite particles with

Fe

3

O

4

/KPA mass ratios of 65/35 had the best comprehensive properties. The excellent energetic and magnetic directional aggregation properties can allow the composites to be used in many potential applications in the information warfare.
Counting the Lyapunov inflections in piecewise linear systems*
Authors: Ma Liangang
Published: November 2021

Following the pioneering work of Iommi–Kiwi and Jenkinson–Pollicott–Vytnova, we continue to study the inflection points of the Lyapunov spectrum in this work. We prove that for any three-branch piecewise linear expanding map on an interval, the number of its Lyapunov inflections is bounded above by 2. Then we continue to show that, there is a four-branch piecewise linear expanding map, such that its Lyapunov spectrum has exactly four inflection points. These results give an answer to a question by Jenkinson–Pollicott–Vytnova on the least number of branches needed to observe four inflections in the Lyapunov spectrum of piecewise linear maps. In the general case, we give upper bound on the number of Lyapunov inflections for any n-branch piecewise linear expanding maps, and construct a family of n-branch piecewise linear expanding maps with 2n − 4 Lyapunov inflections. We also consider the number of Lyapunov inflections of piecewise linear maps in terms of the essential branch number in this work. There are some results on distributions of the Lyapunov inflections of piecewise linear maps through out the work, in case of their existence.
Enhancement of photoelectrochemical performance in ferroelectric films via the introduction of an Au buffer layer
Authors: Cao Dawei , Li Ming , Zhu Jianfei , He Yanfang , Chen Tong , Liu Yuan , Chen Mingming , Yang Ying
Published: November 2021

The inefficient separation of photogenerated carriers has become a serious problem that limits the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of semiconductors. Herein, a sol-gel method was used to prepare BiFeO3 ferroelectric thin films with FTO and FTO/Au as substrates, respectively. The polarization electric field of the ferroelectric can more effectively separate the carriers generated in the photoelectrode. Meanwhile, the introduction of an Au buffer layer can reduce the resistance in the process of charge transfer, accelerate the carrier migration, and enhance the efficiency of the charge separation. Under light irradiation, Au/BiFeO3 photoelectrode exhibited an extraordinary improvement in PEC water splitting compared with BiFeO3. In addition, the ferroelectric polarization electric field causes band bending, which further accelerates the separation of electrons and holes and improves the PEC performance of the photoelectrode. This work promotes the effective application of ferroelectric films in PEC water splitting.
The influence of target film material and coating on neutron yield and sputtering yield
Authors: Liu Jiaxi , Lu Jingbin , Xu Xu , Li Chengqian , Wang Yu , He Haotengjiao
Published: November 2021

The long-life, high yield deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron tube has become one of the research hotspots. Here, deuterated polyethylene target, heavy water target and titanium target were investigated by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM). The calculation showed that the deuterated polyethylene target, which was a potential target material, had the highest yield at an incident energy of 120 keV. Further, considering the unfavorable factors such as impurity ions and high temperature, the coating was used to protect the target material. Diamond, boron carbide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and aluminum carbide were selected. The simulation results showed that the diamond composite deuterated polyethylene film had the best sputtering resistance, and the aluminum nitride composite heavy water target film had the lowest sputtering yield. The two coating materials shield the target, reduced the energy loss of incident ions, and provided a new method for the research of high yield and long life neutron tube.
Double Take on Double Vision: Invasive Rhinosinusitis From Blastomyces dermatitidis in an Adolescent With Well-Controlled Diabetes
Authors: Dimo Joana , Hall Jaimee , Parran Krista , Mitchell Michelle , Zhu Frank
Published: November 2021

Blastomyces dermatitidis is a fungus endemic to the Ohio and Mississippi river valley region and great lakes region. Exposure is typically associated with outdoor activities near streams, rivers, or moist soil. Pulmonary disease is the main manifestation, whereas dissemination is more frequently observed in immunosuppressed individuals. We herein report an uncommon case of B. dermatitidis causing invasive fungal sinusitis in a patient with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus in the absence of conventional higher-risk environmental exposures. This case highlights the importance of a broad differential for invasive fungal infections in patients with diabetes, including those in endemic areas without classical exposures.