bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab. No. 162 Autonomic Tone (Galvanic Skin Response) During Vertical Height Tolerance (VHT) Using Stairs in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Iyer Janani , Debur Ramesh , Shanbhag Sushma
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Autonomic tone influences segmental dissociation, balance strategies and the control of the centre of gravity during activities of daily living (ADL). Stair climbing is a common ADL which has been noted to be challenging and linked to fear avoidance. It is vital to understand the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) during stair climbing in the normal population, to optimize therapies for the patient population. The GSR is an objective measure of the ANS that detects changes in electrical conductivity of the skin due to increased sweat gland activity, seen in fearful individuals. The study aims to understand the changes in the autonomic tone measured by galvanic skin response (GSR) during VHT using stairs in young adults.

Methods:

34 young adults (18 to 25 years) were recruited based on the eligibility criteria using convenience sampling. A cross-sectional study was performed. Baseline GSR was recorded for 20 seconds in both sitting and standing positions. Participants were then required to stand at the edge of 4 steps with uniform height increments. GSR values were recorded on each step with eyes open and eyes closed for 20 seconds each.

Result:

ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between each task position (χ
2=175, p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was seen in DSCF Pairwise comparisons between baseline sitting & all positions (p<0.001), step 1 & step 3 (w=4.8, p<0.003) and step 1 & step 4 (w=5.9, p<0.001).

Conclusion:

VHI using stairs generates significant changes in the autonomic tone in young adults.

Implications:

Understanding the sensitivity of the GSR response during ADLs such as stair climbing in normal populations may help optimize treatment techniques in the patient population having a fear of falls
Effect of Ward Noise Management Combined with Meditation Training on Stroke Rehabilitation Patients
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Wang Xiaofang , Liu Ting , Ha Hongwei , Dong Jianxiu , Ma Suhui
Published: June 2024

Objective: To study the value of ward noise management combined with meditation training in stroke rehabilitation patients. Methods: According to the retrospective analysis method, 150 stroke patients hospitalized in the rehabilitation center of a Tangshan Workers’ Hospital from July 2020 to December 2023 were selected as study objects. They were divided into three groups, namely the control group (routine rehabilitation care, n = 50), observation group A (meditation training, n = 50), and observation group B (meditation training and ward noise management, n = 50) according to whether they received ward noise management and meditation training. The general demographic data, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) were collected. Chi-square test and analysis of variance were used to analyse the data. Results: The baseline data of the patients in each group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Before treatment, no difference in the FSS, PSQI, SF-36 scores and environmental noise level between the groups (P > 0.05) was observed. After management, the scores of SF-36 in observation group B were higher than those in the control group and observation group A (P < 0.05) except for somatic pain. Other indicators in observation group B were lower than those in the control and observation group A (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ward noise management and meditation training can effectively reduce patients’ fatigue, significantly reducing ambient noise levels, promoting the improvement of life quality, and improving sleep quality.
Effects of Ward Noise Reduction Administration on Mental Health and Lung Function of Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Lina , Cai Shuo , Wu Xiaoyu , Zhu Huixin , Wang Yu
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of ward noise reduction administration on the lung function and mental health of patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 195 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery in PLA Northern Theater Command Air Force Hospital from November 2020 to November 2022 were selected to be divided into a control group (routine nursing) and an observation group (routine nursing and ward noise reduction administration) in accordance with the medical record system. The general demographic data, noise level, lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC)), and complications of patients in the two groups were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups, and t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Results: After PSM was conducted, 50 patients were enrolled in each group. No statistical difference was found in the baseline data, preadministration noise levels, and FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, state-anxiety inventory (S-AI), and trait anxiety inventory scale (T-AI) scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). After ward noise reduction was administered, the noise level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group but were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The S-AI and T-AI scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No differences were found in the complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Administering ward noise reduction in patients with lung cancer can alleviate their negative emotions, thus worthy of clinical adoption.
Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Childhood Cancers in Calabar, Nigeria: A 10-year Review
Authors: Nlemadim Anthony Chibueze , Akaba Kingsley Onorhide , Ekanem Ima-Obong Asuquo , Duke Roseline Ekanem , Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Ugbem Theophilus Ipeh , Udie Gabriel Unimke , Asuquo Ekaete Joseph , Okoi-Obuli Jacinta Banku , Ikpeme Anthonia Asanye , Odey Friday Akwagiobe , Meremikwu Martin Madu
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Cancers invade and destroy various parts of the body leading to death, if untreated. The burden of pediatric cancer is rising, especially in resource-poor regions. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence of childhood cancer types, basis of diagnosis, therapy received, and outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective study of children aged 0-17 who were diagnosed and treated for cancer from January 2013 to December 2022. Data obtained included biodata, diagnoses, initial disease stage, diagnostic investigation results and treatments from medical records. Other outcomes assessed were relapse, abandonment of therapy, and death.

Results:

Of the 229 patients, males were 57.6%, 51.5% were in age-group 0-4 years and mean(SD) annual cancer crude incidence rate (CIR) was 0.29(0.09)/100,000 children. Retinoblastoma increased from 0.16/100,000 children in 2013 to 0.27/100,000 children in 2022 and had the highest average age-standardized incidence rate (0.11/100,000 children). Other malignancies had annual CIR between 0.01 and 0.08/100,000 children. The most common method of diagnosis was primary site histology (39.7%). Majority had late-stage disease (66.4%), incomplete chemotherapy (62.5%), no surgery (54.5%), and no radiotherapy (99.1%). There was disease relapse (20.5%), treatment abandonment (42.8%), discharged against medical advice (23.6%) and death (29.7%). More males than females died (1.5:1). The crude mortality rate of retinoblastoma increased from 0.01 to 0.12/100,000 children, while others fluctuated between 0.01 and 0.04/100,000 children. The average age-standardized mortality rate was highest in 0–4 years’ age group (48.5%).

Conclusion:

The rate of new cancers, particularly retinoblastoma, is rising in our locality. Majority present in advanced disease and are not effectively treated, resulting in increasing mortality rates. Periodic audit of childhood cancer burden may help relevant stakeholders in determining ways of curbing these worsening pediatric cancer trends.
Causes of Medical Admissions and Outcomes in a Tertiary Health Centre in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Abdu Alhaji , Maigari Ibrahim Mahmood , Lawal Suleiman Muhammad , Yakubu Kabiru Audi , Umar Murtala , Abdulrasheed Hamisu
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Knowledge of prevalent medical conditions in a community is necessary for effective and efficient health-care planning. In low- and middle-income countries, community studies are very costly; hence, hospital-based studies are often employed to give rough estimates of prevalent medical conditions. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of medical admission and outcome in a tertiary health centre in Northeast Nigeria as well as the contribution of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) to the outcome.

Materials and Methods:

This is a four-year retrospective study of all admissions into the Medical wards of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital. The case files of all patients admitted during the study period were retrieved and the following were extracted; demographic data, admitting diagnosis, comorbid conditions, length of hospital stay, and outcome.

Results:

During the period under review 1995 patients were admitted, with mean age of males and females of 52.28 ± 19.7 years and 49.3 ± 18.7 years, respectively. Infectious/parasitic diseases constituted 28.2% followed by diseases of the circulatory and digestive systems with 27.3% and 12.9%, respectively. NCDs constitute the highest number of patients admitted (n = 1405, 71%). Two hundred and ninety-five patients died during the period (14.7%) the highest in 2021 with 93 deaths. NCDs were responsible for 64% of the mortality, whereas death among the CD was 36%.

Conclusion:

NCDs were responsible for the majority of admissions and mortality during the study period.
Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax: A Crucial Component of a Multisectoral Approach to Combating Non-Communicable Diseases in Nigeria
Authors: Fagbule Omotayo Francis , Amafah Joy Oyinmiebi , Sarumi Abayomi Tajudeen , Ibitoye Opeyemi Omotola , Jakpor Philip Ebuata , Oluwafemi Akinbode Mathew
Published: June 2024

There has been a significant increase in the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Nigeria in the last few decades. These diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, have become a major public health concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality rates in the country. The consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs), including soft drinks, energy drinks, and fruit juices, has been identified as one of the major drivers of the rising trend of NCDs. This is because SSBs are high in free sugars, which are known to be associated with an increased risk of NCDs. This narrative review explored the probable role of SSB consumption in the growing burden of NCDs in Nigeria and made a case for an effective SSB tax as a major public health intervention to reduce SSB consumption and the associated burden of NCDs.
Role of serum thyroglobulin levels in differentiating hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxic phases of thyroiditis
Authors: Ramanathan Balaji , Velayutham Kumaravel , Kannan Arun
Published: June 2024

Background:

Thyroid hormones are crucial for growth, brain development, reproduction, and the regulation of energy metabolism. The iodoglycoprotein thyroglobulin (Tg) plays a critical role in allowing the thyroid gland to synthesize the thyroid hormones T3 and T4 in humans. Thyrotoxicosis has a wide range of etiologies, symptoms, and therapeutic options. Therefore, a precise diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment. In addition to a thyroid function test (TFT), evaluation for identifying common causes of thyrotoxicosis also includes a thyroid ultrasound that measures thyroidal blood flow, a radioactive iodine uptake test, a thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) test, and a 99mTc pertechnetate scan. We hypothesize that Tg levels may be elevated in hyperthyroidism, which includes Graves’ disease (GD) and toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), as there is an increase in thyroid synthesis and secretion. In thyrotoxic phases of thyroiditis, Tg levels could be normal.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate serum Tg levels in differentiating hyperthyroid and thyrotoxic phases of thyroiditis.

Methods:

In this study, 30 subjects with newly detected untreated thyrotoxicosis were evaluated. Serum Tg, TFT, TRAb, Anti-TPO, and technetium scan were done.

Results:

Our study results revealed that the Median Tg was highest in the subjects with toxic nodular goiter (356 ng/ml), followed by GD (150.40 ng/ml); those with subacute thyroiditis had the lowest Tg level (7.42 ng/ml); the differences in median Tg levels across the three groups were also statistically significant (P < 0.01). TRAb was significantly higher in people with GD in comparison to TMNG and thyroiditis. In addition, GD patients with a higher titter value of TRAb have elevated levels of Tg.

Conclusion:

Serum Tg levels can be utilized as a potent marker to distinguish between different types of thyrotoxicosis.
The circle criterion and Tsypkin's criterion for systems with several nonlinearities without the use of the $S$-procedure
Authors: Kamenetskiy Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2024

The circle criterion (for continuous-time systems) and Tsypkin's criterion (for discrete-time systems) of absolute stability for Lurie systems with several nonlinearities are obtained with the use of the convolution theorem and without use of the $S$-procedure. On the basis of the convolution theorem, two theorems are proved which lead to a substantial reduction in the dimension of connected systems of linear matrix inequalities.
Bibliography: 19 titles.
On isometric embeddings of prisms
Authors: Dolbilin Nikolay Petrovich , Shtogrin Mikhail Ivanovich
Published: June 2024

For an arbitrary convex polyhedral prism, a family of isometric embeddings of it is constructed that satisfy conditions similar to those that Pogorelov imposed on an isometry of a circular cylinder and called the ‘conditions of support on circles at the edges’.
Bibliography: 4 titles.
Development of a 4 stroke engine snowmobile to meet the future emission standard
Authors: NAKANO Takuji
Published: June 2024

A snowmobile is driven in nature freely. In recent years, the U.S. federal government requires to reduce the environmental hazards. The emission control of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was established for 2006 model. From the driving performance point of view just changing engines from 2 stroke engines to 4 stroke engines for environmental issues require new chassis, layout and it is difficult to keep the performance in snow due to extra weight. As for the engine, it has high output, compact, low center of the gravity of chassis. As for the chassis, it has an unique layout for 4 stroke engine installing and is lightweight using several materials. The snowmobile has the high-output lightweight 4 stroke engine which can meet the EPA Phase III 2012 model regulation and the market need of the high performance and a lightweight chassis.
VIC-EGR Concept in Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine for Compliance with BS-III Emission Norms
Authors: Kaleemuddin Syed , Asangihal B.B. , Bhattacharya S. , Rao G. Amba Prasad
Published: June 2024

Extensive research has been dedicated towards identifying the sources of pollution and the ways and means of mitigating the emission levels to save our planet from alarmingly high pollution levels. It is not exaggeration to say that the petroleum run engines are one of the major contributors to this high pollution levels. For meeting stringent emission legislation, engine has to be optimized for lower emission with better performance. In the recent years, more work is being carried out to reduce NOx emissions from the diesel engines. The present work deals with the development of variable injection cam and the optimization of DI automotive 510cc engine incorporated with VIC (Variable Injection Cam) and the engine performance is studied both analytically and experimentally. Also, it is well established that by diluting the incoming charge with exhaust gases (with EGR technique), the NOx emission could be significantly reduced. A comparison was also made with VIC and EGR and their combined effect on the performance as well as on emissions. The performance is analytically studied with combustion pressure and heat release data. It is observed that the combined effect of VIC and with 7% EGR could reduce CO by about 88%, HC+ NOx by 37% and PM by 90%. The Engine was successfully upgraded to meet proposed Bharat Stage -III emission norms with the combination of VIC and EGR with improved power and fuel consumption
Enlargement of Auto-Ignition Regions by Applying a Stratified Charge Concept
Authors: NISHIDA Kenji , KIMIJIMA Takahiro , SAKUYAMA Hisashi , MURAKAMI Yasuo
Published: June 2024

The auto-ignition attracts researchers as an ultimate combustion method that could simultaneously reduce fuel consumption and NOx emissions. The authors have studied auto-ignition combustion in the two-stroke gasoline engines aiming at vehicle engine applications. However, our attempts were in an impasse with the onset of irregular combustion in the lower speed and the extremely lower load range. As a solution for this problem, this paper proposes a new auto-ignition concept, i.e. Stratified Charge Auto-Ignition (SCAI), which focuses on the thermal distribution and mixture formation in the combustion chamber. Visualization of the direct injection spray formation was conducted first, and then a combustion chamber design was determined by using a CFD simulation, so as to form a mixture at the hottest spot in the combustion chamber. As a result, the auto-ignition regions were remarkably enlarged toward the lower speed and lower load, and the HC emissions decreased by 20% while the fuel consumption and NOx emissions remained in the same level with those of the conventional Homogeneous Charge Auto-Ignition (HCAI).
Development of the DLC Film for Front Fork's Inner Tube
Authors: HARA Sadaaki , KOGA Toshiyuki , KATOU Shinji
Published: June 2024

Because of its low coefficient of friction, DLC(Diamond Like Carbon)-coating is recognized as one of the effective ways to reduce machine friction. On the other hand, sliding smoothness of motorcycle's front fork is requested to progress, therefore reducing friction of front fork is significant.

From our considering whether DLC coated inner tube would be a good idea to reduce friction of front fork, we decide to build the mass-production process for the DLC coated inner tube. But there are two issues about the function of the DLC film, those are “how to improve resistance against peeling” and “how to get well-flattened DLC surface”.
Development Process to Optimize Design and Performance of Small Gasoline Engines
Authors: LANG lOliver , ADOMEIT Philipp , SCHMITT Peter , TIEMANN Christof , HERMSEN Franz-Gerd
Published: June 2024

The further optimization of modern gasoline engines needs sophisticated development tools to meet future emission legislation and fuel consumption targets. The multi-dimensional optimization process has to take into account parameters like

Cylinder head and port flow design

Valve train variabilities (e.g. camphasers, variable valve lift systems)

In-cylinder charge motion and interaction with mixture preparation

Resulting combustion characteristics

Naturally aspirated and boosted operating conditions

The paper presents an advanced development process, where a dedicated interaction between

Gas dynamics and CFD simulation,

Optical analysis tools (3D-PIV) and

Engine test bench

is used.

Simulation approaches are typically used during the first concept and following design phase. Due to the complexity of simulation models and the need for a detailed validation, advanced optical analysis tools need to be integrated in the development process. Among others a 3D-PIV test bench is set-up to analyze the flow pattern inside the cylinder especially during the intake phase in all relevant details. The validated model is then used to improve quality of combustion simulation and a higher accuracy of process prediction is realized. The simulation prediction is finally checked by engine test bench investigations.

The methodology is exemplary shown for small displacement engine versions. Finally, a detailed assessment can be realized, which takes into account all relevant development targets.
Vibration isolation mount for scooter powerunit
Authors: Sano Taketoshi , Takeuchi Akimitsu
Published: June 2024

This paper reports the new design method of vibration isolation mount for the scooter powerunit. In the conventional design, while the engine vibration is efficiently isolated by the link mechanism, the time lag induced by the movement of the link mechanism spoils the riding quality when the rider operates the steering or the throttle. To solve the problem, a new design without the link mechanism was proposed. The optimized combination of the crank balance and the single-axis balancer was used to control the orbit of the powerunit vibration. First, the new equations were introduced to balance the inertial forces and moments at the target position by optimizing the amount and the phase of the crank balance and the balancer. Then, some results from the experimental tests were reported to validate the numerically optimized design. Using this new design method, the riding pleasure can be enhanced without unpleasant mechanical vibration.
Simplification of the Shift/Clutch Operations for the Formula SAE Vehicles
Authors: Enomoto Hiroshi , Morita Hironari , Fukunaga Yousuke , Uota Naoki
Published: June 2024

The simplified shift/clutch operation system, KF-TOS-P, was driven by DC motors (DC12V driven) with a microprocessor. Two rotary sensors detected the positions of the shift lever and the clutch lever. In FSAE rules, the simple throttle-by-wire is prohibited and the engine speed was controlled by the drivers. The custom steering wheel, KF-SW07 as the human machine interface, was designed and manufactured with CFRP by VaRTM (Vacuum assisted Resin Transfer Modeling) method. The shift operation time of KF-TOS-P was half of the manual operation and the clutch engagement time of that was 25msec. KF-SW07 was 22.6% weight and 16.7% cost (calculated by FSAE rules) of the commercial steering wheel of the race use.
Impact Characteristics of Seat Back Mounted IFE Monitors - Basis for ARP6330
Authors:   Aircraft Seat Committee
Published: June 2024

This document provides background information, rationale, and data (both physical testing and computer simulations) used in defining the component test methods and similarity criteria described in SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6330. ARP6330 defines multiple test methods used to assess the effect of seat back mounted IFE monitor changes on blunt trauma to the head and post-impact sharp edge generation. The data generated is based on seat and IFE components installed on type A-T (transport airplane) certified aircraft. While not within the scope of ARP6330, generated test data for the possible future development of surrogate target evaluation methods is also included.
Evaluation of phytotoxicity indicators of cowpea seed treated with selected botanical insecticides
Authors: Ewah Ogbonnaya , Agina Barthlomew Chigozie , Karima Mohammed Rabiu , Elekwa Elizabeth Amah , Agu Kizito Akachukwu , John Wassagwa , Abba Jacinta Nnennaya
Published: June 2024

Phytotoxicity is a major problem associated with the preservation of seed with synthetic insecticides. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of some selected plant derived insecticides on treated seed. Seed of SAMPEA 11, SAMPEA 14 and SAMPEA 12 were each divided into five (5) lots of 50 grams/lot identified, as L1, L2, L3, L4 and L5. L1 and L2 were treated with 50 and 12.5 µg/mL of myristicin and alpha-humulene based-insecticides respectively. L3 was treated with 6.25 µg/mL of azadirachtin based insecticide. L4 was not treated, while L5 was treated with diluted chlorpyrifos. In SAMPEA 12 and 11, the catalase activity and seed protein content were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to what obtained for L4. While in SAMPEA 14, catalase activity was not significantly (P>0.05) different from that reported for L4.  Similar trend was observed on the protein content of the said cultivars treated with the aforementioned botanical insecticides. This study established similarity and variation in varietal responses to the effect the aforementioned insecticides to which the studied seed of cowpea cultivars were exposed to.
Daytime sleepiness status and family dysfunctionality of residents in a youth restive community in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: George Daye Mandy C. , Wabah Goodnews , Osaro Endurance Nnorya
Published: June 2024

The daytime sleepiness and youth dysfunctionality in the youth restive community in Diobu, Rivers State, Nigeria was investigated through EPWORTH and APGAR models. A convenience or purposivesampling technique was used to arrive at the sample size of 28. The youths sampled were those who have resided in the area for 4-20 years and above and engaged in different trades from bunkering to criminal activities. The EPWOTH scale result depicted that 14, 12, and 2 persons representing 50.00%, 42.86%, and 7.14% had normal, mild, and moderate sleep respectively. Furthermore, 50.00% of the residents have undetected or mismanaged sleepiness issues. However, there were no severe sleepiness-related issues. Again, the APGAR scale depicted that 8, 16, and 4 persons representing 28.57%, 57.14%, and 14.29% respectively were highly functional, but moderately dysfunctional, and severely dysfunctional. Thus, suggesting that the majority of the youths sampled were dysfunctional and could not relate well with their family without knowing it. The overall result has shown that the majority of the persons sampled had excessive daytime sleepiness which agreed with the high level of family dysfunctionality observed in the area. This situation, if not properly handled, can lead to behavioural problems, mode changes, and impaired concentration adversely affecting productivity.
Influence of preconception care on maternal health outcomes in selected fertility clinics in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ego Theresa Timothy , Omiebi Altraide , Ihudiebube-Splendor C. N.
Published: June 2024

The study assessed the influence of preconception care on maternal health outcomes in selected fertility clinics in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. The descriptive cross-sectional analytical design was adopted in this study. The population for the study consisted of two hundred (200) women attending fertility clinics in Port Harcourt. The sample size for the study was 146 which was selected using a convenience sampling method. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire with reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of SPSS (V-23) using statistical tools such as percentage, mean and Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that the extent to which preconception care is provided was high (2.82±1.26). Preconception care has a high impact on maternal health outcomes which were outlined thus: preconception care increases the chances of successful pregnancy (3.50±0.76), it helps to mitigate risk factors before and during pregnancy (3.49±0.72), it helps woman to know the right drug to be taken thereby curbing drug/substance abuse before and during pregnancy (3.47±0.71), and it helps to reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy (3.41±0.68). The factors influencing preconception care were: poor awareness (3.45±0.70), underlying medical conditions of women (3.35±0.91), affordability of care (3.33±0.84), and accessibility of care (3.31±0.64). It was concluded that, preconception care plays a pivotal role in enhancing a healthy conception and maternal health outcomes It was recommended among others that the ministry of health should create awareness and incorporate preconception care into routine maternal healthcare services at the primary healthcare facilities, to achieve better maternal outcome.
Factors contributing to non-adherence to treatment regimen among senior citizens in Wiiyaakara Community of Khana Local Government Area, Rivers State
Authors: Itaa Patience , Willy Ngozi Dennis , Nmeakor Letam Doole , 4Onumbu Chime Israel
Published: June 2024

Non adherence to medication is a recognized problem and may be the most challenging aspect of treatment. This paper considers factors contributing to non-adherence to treatment regimen among senior citizens in Wiiyaakara community of Khana Local Government Area, Rivers State. A systematic review of factors that influence non-adherence to treatment regime was considered. This study was conducted on 100 elderly citizens of Wiiyaakara community. Results: Key drivers of non-adherence included lack of insight, medication beliefs and substance abuse, poor communication, lack of patient education, lack of professional conduct on the part of health workers at times. Non-adherence reduces the potential effect of drugs thereby bring about frequent visit to the health facilities. This in turn has negative social impact in the community and remedial intervention to address relapse. Findings showed that non-adherence to treatment regime among senior citizens affects parents, families, and the community-, through increased risk of death and other negative consequences. It is needful for Nigerian Government to improve and make affordable health services for the elderly. Healthcare service providers should improve their communication and professional conducts in dealing with elderly citizens. Empathy, patience, and understanding is required on the part of health service providers. Instructions should be given in simple, clear and plane terms to elderly patient. Elderly patients should be encouraged to keep to the treatment regimen.
Determining the human resource factors influencing strikes among healthcare workers in public hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Lifuleze Cyrus Memo , Muhonja Faith Hope , Muchiri Joseph
Published: June 2024

In Kenya, the Central Association of Trade Unions (COTU-K) has revealed that there has been an increase in labor cases and strikes. A majority of these cases involve the Union representatives and the public authorities. These strikes cause huge moral discussions, due to their capacity to hurt patients likedeterioration of health, an increase in mortality cases, or a complete shutdown of healthcare facilities. This research aimed to investigate thehuman resource factorsinfluencing strikes among Healthcare workers in public hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya, and their effects on service delivery. The study adopted the descriptive research design, targeting healthcare workers at Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Mbagathi Hospital, and Ngara Health Center. 400 participants were selected using Mugenda’s (2003) formula. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and processed using the SPSS program, version 26.0, with the level of significance set at 0.05. Chi-square test statistics were employed and analyzed data presented both descriptively, and inferentially using tables.The study found that human resource factors which included staffing level of hospitals (p-value<0.001, (X2(2,N=346)=35.031,p−value<0.001) with OR = 4.875 and CI = (2.804, 8.475), overworking of HCWs/Heavy workloads (X2(3,N=346)=31.244, p-value<0.001) with OR = 0.344 and CI = (0.144, 0.824) and longer shifts (X2(3,N=346)=36.614, p-value<0.001) with OR = 0.669 and CI = (0.240, 1.864) had a significant effect on strikes by healthcare workers. The study further found that strikes affect service delivery in aspects such as putting patients at risk, a drop-in outpatient, evacuation of in-patients, jeopardizing of quality of services, destruction of hospital equipment, and in some cases, a complete shutdown of the hospital. The study recommends that the government should buffer the Health workforce through recruitment, training, and development to cater tothe shortages. Human resource departments should develop rotational duty Rota’s, and assign manageable workloads to avoid longer shifts and burnout of the health workers.
Sexually transmitted infections: a narrative review with a note on prevalence in Nigeria
Authors: Oduvwu Paul Adogbeji
Published: June 2024

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a group of infections in which the principal way of transmission is sexual contact. This article is a narrative review on STIs. The aim is to synthesize information on various aspects of STIs with a note on current prevalence in Nigeria, in order to provide an update for public enlightenment and so stimulate appropriate actions both individually and collectively. Information from research articles written in English published in international peer-reviewed journals that investigated STIs as well as official publications and books related to the topic were included. Google search engine was used. It was found that STIs may be classified by causative organism or by type of lesion. Most risk factors for STIs emanate from lifestyle and personal behaviour. More than 1 million STIs are acquired everyday worldwide. Each year there are an estimated 374 million new infections with 1 of 4 curable STIs. A recent survey in Southern Nigeria found that the prevalence of STIs among a sexually active population is 27.7%. Signs and symptoms are many but vary depending on the particular STI. Effective treatment is available for several STIs. Methods of prevention and control are also available. The burden of STIs globally is enormous. The prevalence in Nigeria remains high. A gap in knowledge and practice of prevention exits. Therefore, there is need for more health education, including community sensitization, to improve the knowledge and practice of prevention and to reduce the prevalence of STIs in Nigeria and globally.
An Exploration of Factors Affecting Students’ Choice of Career Paths in Communication Design
Authors: Badu Anthony Kofi , Assibey Ginn Bonsu , Seenam Prosper , Debrah Ralitsa Diana
Published: June 2024

Some students make wrong choices in specialisations once enrolled in Communication Design programmes, which affects them while they are studying and goes a long way to affect them negatively in their careers in the future. It is based on this choice-making challenge that this study was conducted to explore the factors that affect students in making career path choices in Universities. The study used a quantitative approach and used questionnaires to collect data from 348 former students of the Communication Design Department of one University of Technology. The gathered data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It was discovered that personal interest, personal skills and competencies, personal values and mentorship/work experience were the four most influential factors that affect the career path and choices of the students. Social and cultural factors and educational institutions, do affect the career choices of students, but not much. The major challenges to career choices identified by this study was a lack of guidance and counselling. This was followed by a lack of self-awareness, social expectations, lack of, or limited information and financial constraints.
Emerging Platform Work in Europe (Hungary in Cross-country Comparison)
Authors: Makó Csaba , Illéssy Miklós , Nosratabadi Saeed
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we aimed to assess the main characteristics of a growing form of precarious employment, namely the platform work. These digitally enabled services cover a wide range of activities from personal low or semi-skilled services (e.g. personal transportation) to highly skilled online services such as software development. In our paper, we aimed to characterize the digital platform labor force by their content of the job, working conditions, employment status, and the collective voice. The primary aim of the analysis was to give an overview of theoretical foundations and empirical evidence for an EU supported project on platform workers. Here we presented an overview of the variety of terminology, definitions of platform work, and platform workers and examine the grey zone of labor law regulation in which many of them operate. We assessed the size of platform employment in Europe, indicating the knowledge inequalities within the EU countries and some methodological inconsistencies. As a case study to scrutinize the regulatory challenges accompanying diffusion of platform work, we looked at the failed story of Uber in Hungary and by subsequent success of Bolt which took over the market share of the former. Our findings showed that while the size of the platform economy is growing in Europe, there is no consensus in the social scientific community either on the appropriate terminology or the most convenient methodology on how to measure its extent. This emerging form of employment represents a significant challenge not only for labor law jurisdictions but to the softer forms of social regulation as well. To better understand the proper governance of digital labor markets and the issue of ”collective voice” through the transformation of the content of work, working conditions, and employment status of the Platform Work sector, will be necessary to focus on both the transformation of work/labor as well as its interplay with value creation, governance, management and labor in the platform-based economy.
MATRİS MALZEMESİ OLARAK ALÜMİNAYA TİTANYUM VE GRAFEN İLAVELERİNİN ETKİLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Yavuz Samet , Gürbüz Mevlüt
Published: June 2024

Bu derlemede, matris malzemesi olarak alüminaya titanyum ve grafen ilavelileri ile yapılan kompozit çalışmaları özetlenmiştir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmaların ışığında grafen takviyesinin önemi ve aynı zamanda titanyum takviyelerinin de seramik matrisli kompozitlerin özelliklerine etkileri belirtilmiştir. Seramik matrisli kompozitlerden en yaygın kullanım alanı bulan alümina matrisli kompozitler düşük yoğunluk, yüksek sertlik ve kimyasal kararlılık gibi özelliklerinden dolayı geçmişten günümüze dek endüstride kullanılmaktadır. Ancak alüminanın düşük kırılma tokluğu (3,5 MPa.m1/2) kullanım alanını kısıtlamakta bu sebeple ikinci faz ilaveleri ile mevcut olan mekanik özellikler iyileştirilmekte, bununla birlikte yapılan takviyelerle daha yüksek sertlik ve kırılma tokluğu elde edilmektedir. İncelenen çalışmalarda, alümina matrise titanyum takviyesinin genel olarak sertlik, kırılma tokluğu ve eğme dayanımlarında monolitik alüminaya kıyasla düşük sonuçlar elde edildiği ve titanyum takviyesinin kırılma tokluğu düşük olan alüminanın özelliklerinin geliştirilmesi açısından önemli bir aşama olduğu ifade edilse de yapılan bazı çalışmalarda titanyum ilavesinin kırılma tokluğu (4,32 MPa.m1/2) ve eğme dayanımını artırdığı bildirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar titanyumun alümina matrise takviyesi ile elde edilen mekanik özelliklerin geliştirilmesi amacıyla Al2O3-Ti kompozitine ikinci takviye malzemesinin ilave edildiğini göstermiştir. Grafenin, Al2O3-Ti yapısına ilavesi konusunda yapılan literatür çalışmaların kısıtlı olduğu görülmüştür. Sınırlı çalışmada grafen takviyesi ile monolitik alümina ve diğer takviyelere göre porozitenin azaldığı, iletkenlik, aşınma dayanımı, sertlik ve kırılma tokluğu arttırdığı (8,7 MPa.m1/2) yönde sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler de grafen takviyelerinin kullanımının artarak devam edeceğini göstermektedir. Yapılan bu derleme ile alümina matrise titanyum ve grafen tozlarının ilavesi, toz metalurjisi metoduyla üretim yöntemleri, yapılan takviyelerin mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklere etkileri incelenmiştir.
Sero-epidemiological study of caprine brucellosis in Algeria
Authors: Yahia Achour , Saidani Khelaf , Hammami Nabila , Metref Ahmed Kheireddine , Hamrat Khadidja , Kaidi Rachid , Mimoune Nora
Published: June 2024

Our study aimed to investigate the prevalence of caprine brucellosis and identify factors influencing its persistence in Algeria. Over the span of a decade, from 2009 to 2018, a sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken, covering a significant population of 51,475 goats. The screening process involved the use of the card agglutination test to detect potential positive samples. Subsequently, positive samples were subjected to confirmation using the complement fixation test. The study revealed an average seropositivity prevalenceof 14.7% over the ten-year duration. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between Southern and Northern provinces, registering respective rates of 20.2% and 6.9%. Furthermore, a pronounced effect of gender was evident (P<0.05), with females exhibiting a higher infection prevalence (15.6%) compared to males (7.1%). Similarly, a significant difference was observed concerning the age of animals, with aged individuals showing a prevalence of 15.8% in contrast to young animals at 8.5%. In our current investigation, we observed thepersistence of caprine brucellosis across various provinces in Algeria. Consequently, there is a pressing need to establish and execute a comprehensive strategy aimed at combating and preventing this infection.
EVOLUÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO PESQUEIRA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BREJO GRANDE, ESTADO DE SERGIPE
Authors: Vasconcelos Jadson , Araújo Ana Rosa , Santana Fabricio , Gonçalves Fernanda , Barbosa José Milton
Published: June 2024

In the municipality of Brejo Grande, in Sergipe, fishing is an important activity of great social and economic relevance. This work aimed to analyse data on fish landings monitored in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The data was collected as part of the participatory monitoring project for fishing landings in Sergipe – PMPDP. The project was part of the list of conditions demanded by Ibama, relating to the licensing process for the oil production and flow system. The results estimated that total fishing production in the municipality was 256,219 kg (2014), 309,072 kg (2015) and 322,868 kg (2016). The largest volumes of fishing landings occurred in the Carapitanga community, and the smallest in the municipality's headquarters. The fishing areas explored varied between the sea, estuary, mangroves and coastal lagoons. To travel to fishing areas was carried out using canoes with paddle or motorized, some did not use canoes, walk to the fishing area. The hand collection of crabs and oysters was the main method of fishing in the Carapitanga community, in Saramém was gillnets, hand beach trawling and hand collection of crabs and in the municipality's headquarters the gillnets and trap to catch Cardisoma guanhum. The diversity of species exploitable by small-scale fishing is great, among the most captured and most commercialized we can mention: Ucides chordatus, Cardisoma guanhumi, Crassostrea sp., Mugil spp., Anchoviella spp. and Centropomus spp. Fishermen attribute the success or failure of fishing activities mainly to some environmental variables. Through the data obtained, it was concluded that smal-scale fishing is practiced daily by women and men. It is necessary to develop a natural resource management plan in the municipality studied so that the permanence of these communities becomes sustainable and promotes the appreciation of artisanal fishermen.
“THE BOTTOM OF THE SOUL IS DEEPER THAN SUFFERINGˮ
Authors:   Institute for Serbian Culture Priština ‒ Leposavić, Serbia, Jeftimijević Mihajlović Marija S.
Published: June 2024

The novel Nebo, tako duboko by Vesna Kapor belongs to a type of lit- erature that in a certain way resists the contemporary novelistic tendencies to deal with external traits of the characters and their relationships with the world ‒ the novel deals with internal character traits, i.e. human soul, as well as with the concept of the meaning of life. After losing their only child, the parents’ souls are torn between maintaining a kind of illu- sion that physical death is not final, and, on the other hand, questions about the shortness of human existence on Earth. It seems that two main features or two dimensions of this poetic novel ‒ lyrical and metaphysical ‒ arise from these two directions. The character (a lament) and the theme of the novel (the death of a young, close person and the absence of time distance) are delicate and require the mastery of narration and stylistic expression, which gives the novel a lyrical dimension. It is also possible to analyse the novel from the point of view of metaphysics, which is manifested through at least three phenomena: the phenomenon of time (given to man on Earth), the phenomenon of the secrets of the other world (can a man change the course of his destiny?) and the phenomenon of storytelling (as a way of resisting the transience of life and inevitability of death). These phenomena are deeply rooted in Christian idea of Love for another, as well as in a universal idea of the power of the story which can overcome even death itself, that is, to preserve the memory of life through storytelling.
THE HEALING EFFECT OF STORYTELLING IN THE NOVEL NEBO, TAKO DUBOKO
Authors:   Public library “Radosav Ljumović” Podgorica, Montenegro, Durutović Milorad R.
Published: June 2024

This paper reconsiders previous critical reviews of Vesna Kapor’s nov- els, especially Nebo, tako duboko. Although Kapor’s narration has characteristics of (post) modernism ‒ blending genres, intertextuality, fragmentation, documentarity, narrative therapy approach ‒ the novel Nebo, tako duboko, from the philosophical point of view, represents a return to a pre-modernist metaphysical understanding of the world. The theme of the novel – a traumatic loss of a child – is presented through a metaphysical mode, while the pervasive motif of storytelling achieves a transcendental meaning.
Failure Investigation of Motorcycle Connecting Rod
Authors: Nugroho Sri , Umardaani Yusuf , Bagaskara Yonathan Jalu
Published: June 2024

Connecting rod is an important component, where the connecting rod is used as a link between the piston and the crankshaft to transmit the force from the piston to the crankshaft. In this research, the connecting rod is buckling so that several tests would be carried out to analyze the mechanism and causes of the failure. The tests carried out were visual observation, chemical composition testing, metallographic testing, hardness testing and FEM simulations. The results of visual observations showed that the failure of the connecting rod was buckling at the bottom of the small end. The chemical composition test shows that the material used is AISI 4130 steel which is a low alloy steel. The microstructure that is formed is the ferrite and pearlite phases on the failed part and martensite on the part far from the failed part, because the oil in the engine runs out so there is no lubricant and coolant so that the temperature rises and causes the connecting rod decrease in hardness value, the hardness test results show if the material has an average hardness of 500 HV on the part far from failure and 350 HV on the part that fails, this proves that the main cause of failure of the connecting rod is a decrease in the hardness value. The FEM simulation results show that the total deformation due to the engine motion mechanism is in the part that has failed, this also supports why the connecting rod failure.