bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloud‐Computing: Adoption Issues for Ethiopian Public and Private Enterprises
Authors: Seifu Solomon D , Dahiru Abubakar A , Bass Julian M , Allison Ian K
Published: December 2017

This paper explores the emergence and adoption of cloud computing by enterprises in sub‐Saharan Africa. Several studies have shown the benefits of cloud technologies for enterprises. Using qualitative techniques we obtained and analyzed data from nine enterprises regarding the adoption of cloud computing as an IT strategy. These enterprises span the finance, information and communication technology (ICT) training, research, construction and manufacturing sectors in Ethiopia. We found that, contrary to the literature on cloud computing adoption in the global north, these enterprises are yet to adopt cloud computing as an IT provisioning method and they lack awareness of the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the cloud. The enterprises are concerned with challenges like security, privacy and trust issues as well as government telecommunications infrastructure policies and cloud technology skills acquisition. This research is part of a wider study that has taken place in Nigeria and Ghana, where we have observed higher levels of adoption. This research raises awareness of the challenges and potential benefits of cloud adoption.
e‐Government Implementation Challenges in Malaysia and South Korea: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ramli Razlini Mohd
Published: December 2017

It is undeniable that the introduction of e‐government has had a significant impact on developing countries, like Malaysia. This paper seeks to explore empirically the implementation of Malaysian e‐government since the initiation of the policy in 1996. Therefore, identifying the characteristic challenges that the Malaysian government faces, which impede the progress of e‐government is the overarching concern of this study. To gain experience from a developed country, South Korea will be a benchmark for this study. By using the Design‐Reality Gap model introduced by Heeks, this study will be conducted to identify and compare issues pertaining to implementation of e‐government in Malaysia, a developing country and South Korea, a developed country. The findings revealed six key factors that are vital in e‐government implementation. At the end of this study, these factors will be encapsulated in a conceptual model for e‐government implementation model.
The Determinants of Loyalty in Online Commerce – An Exploratory Study in India
Authors: Husain Shabbir
Published: December 2017

Internet based commerce has exploded over the last decade and a half. A large set of studies have been undertaken in the West to understand the drivers of customer loyalty in the online space. With consumer preferences varying across regions and geographies, this study aims at understanding the impact of trust and satisfaction as antecedents of behavioral and attitudinal loyalty for the consumers in a developing country. 175 respondents were surveyed on different elements involved in online purchase during the three phases of information‐search and evaluation, purchase and post‐purchase. The findings revealed a strong positive impact of trust and satisfaction on behavioral and attitudinal loyalty. Attitudinal loyalty was found to positively influence behavioral loyalty. Further, satisfaction was found to have a strong positive relationship with trust. Deviations from western findings were observed for impact of website design, assortment and security on satisfaction. The study highlights generalization of certain determinants of satisfaction, trust and loyalty while pointing towards context specificity of others. Findings should also assist the practicing community to better understand the drivers of satisfaction, trust and loyalty and thereby help them take the right steps for improving customer retention.
A Framework to Define the Impact of Sustainable ICT for Agriculture Projects: The Namibian Livestock Traceability System
Authors: Prinsloo Tania , de Villiers Carina
Published: December 2017

Namibia expanded its livestock traceability system to include data of the Northern communal farmers, with ear‐tagging starting in 2010, and full functionality added in 2014. The new technology enables them to export safe meat products to previously‐excluded overseas markets. In this article, the complexities of a livestock traceability system are explained to provide one with a sense of the lengths countries like Namibia went through to successfully implement such a system. Next, a new framework is proposed to apply to agricultural development projects, called the Impact‐for‐sustainable agriculture framework, with all the facets of the framework explained. Finally, the framework is applied to the Namibian Livestock Identification and Traceability System (NamLITS), with the focus on the Northern Communal Areas (NCAs). NamLITS is an example of a successful agricultural development project, and it is hoped that this new framework can be applied to other agricultural initiatives.
Expectations versus Reality: A Case of Internet in Nepal
Authors: Regmi Nischal
Published: December 2017

The relation between Internet and development rests on the preconditions of minimum access, quality, affordability and many more. Presenting the picture of access, quality, and affordability, we raise doubts that Nepali internet infrastructure in its present form has any contribution to economic development. The Nepali policy circle also has felt the necessity of proliferating Internet access and use. But we argue major targets of the Nepali ICT policies are detached from the reality and hence failure prone. The formulation of a robust ICT policy cannot bypass the analyses of actualities of the demand side. There is a dearth of detailed statistics of ICT access, use, and affordability in Nepal. We thus recommend the government should conduct a census of ICT access, use, and affordability that would help the formulation of more grounded policies.
An AHP Algorithm for an Effective ERP Type Selection Based on the African Context
Authors: Armand Manga Tobie , Roger Atsa Etoundi
Published: December 2017

The Literature reports many studies on ERP implementation in many African countries and points out the difficulties faced by these countries in the sustainable management of the selected solution. The data in this domain reveals that most of the projects are abandoned in the early stages of their life cycle. Moreover, for ERP solutions that have been put in place, most of them are used with serious difficulties which usually pushed the organisation to abandon the system, and implement a legacy one that meets the requirements related to the human capital and financial constraints. The present paper contributes to the ERP literature within the African context by proposing a model for ERP type decision making. The model is based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method and use contextual dimensions to sustain the decision making related to what is the best suited ERP type for an African organisation.
Biophotonics in China
Authors: Shi Hua , Luo Qingming
Published: December 2017

Biophotonics is a highly interdisciplinary field where physicists, chemists, biologists, physicians and engineers work together to solve the problems appearing in biology and medicine. In China, the Biophotonics discipline is often referred to as Biomedical Photonics, under the first‐level disciplines Biomedical Engineering or Optical Engineering, and was initiated in the late 1990s. Over the past 20 years, biophotonics research in China expanded extraordinarily and has reached the frontiers of the world‐level sciences. This white paper introduces the research groups in the biophotonics field in China, and their representative contributions.
The long noncoding RNA NEAT1 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma development by sponging miR‐485 and enhancing the expression of the STAT3
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Nan , Zhou Jun , Lu Xiao‐Jie
Published: December 2017

Accumulating evidence has supported the significance of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis. Recently, some studies indicate the oncogenic role of lncRNA Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our present study, we focused on the biological mechanisms through which NEAT1 can regulate HCC development. We found that NEAT1 was greatly upregulated in human HCC cell lines including Huh7, Hep3B, HepG2, Bel‐7404, and SK‐Hep1 cells compared to the normal human liver cell line LO2. In addition, we observed that miR‐485 was significantly downregulated in HCC cells. It was implied that miR‐485 was increased by sh‐NEAT1 and miR‐485 can modulate NEAT1 expression negatively. Meanwhile, NEAT1inhibiton can repress HCC growth, migration, and invasion capacity in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Through performing bioinformatic analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter test, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull‐down assay, miR‐485 was confirmed as a interacting target of NEAT1. Additionally, STAT3 was recognized as a direct target of miR‐485 and miR‐485 mimics can inhibit STAT3 expression. It was demonstrated that NEAT1 can increase STAT3 levels while miR‐485 mimics can repress STAT3. Moreover, we found that sh‐STAT3 was able to restrain HCC cell migration and invasion process. NEAT1 can act as a competing endogenous lncRNA (ceRNA) to regulated STAT3 by sponging miR‐485 in HCC. Taken these together, NEAT1 can be used as an important biomarker in HCC diagnosis and treatment.
The Holland Code of Members of the National Organization for Human Services: A Preliminary Study of Human Services Professionals
Authors: Neukrug Ed , Sparkman Narketta , Moe Jeffry
Published: December 2017

This study determined the Holland code of members of the National Organization for Human Services. The authors used the O*NET Interest Profiler–Short Form to find that a sample of 355 human services professionals had a Holland code of Social Artistic, with Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional codes significantly lower than Artisitc. Demographic differences were not found based on gender, whether participants identified human services as their primary field, or whether they had formal education in human services. Slight differences based on age were noted. Results will be used to advocate for inclusion of “human services professional” in the Standard Occupational Classification system.
Determination of mechanical behavior of natural fibre based hybrid composites experimentally
Authors: Özes Ç. , Taşkın A. E. , Sayer S.
Published: December 2017

This paper deals with the production and the mechanical testing of natural fibre‐based hybrid composites. Hybrid composite is produced by vacuum assisted resin infusion method of woven jute fabric and nonwoven wool felt along with glass fabric. Tensile, flexure and impact properties have been evaluated and compared. The tensile strength and the Young's modulus were found to be 70.66 MPa and is 5.63 GPa, respectively. Flexure and impact tests were performed on both woven jute fabric surface and on nonwoven wool felt surface of the composite specimens. The highest flexural strength was obtained in the specimen loaded at the woven jute fabric surface. Impact test results show that the specimens impacted at the nonwoven wool felt surface were carrying higher loads than the specimens impacted at the woven jute fabric surface.
Evaluation of the bonding behaviour of thin bio‐based wooden laminates
Authors: Siegel C. , Buchelt B. , Wagenführ A. , Schuberth A. , Lampke T. , Nickel D.
Published: December 2017

Thermoplastic laminates usually consist of oriented fibres in thermoplastic matrices. Commonly glass fibres or carbon fibres are used as reinforcement for such laminates. The application of thin wooden sheets (veneers) as reinforcement applications is new. Therefore the bonding of such combinations has to be investigated. Various tests can be used for evaluating the bonding between the components of the laminates. The aim of this study is to determine a fast and easy method suitable for quality control of new bio‐based wooden laminates.
Ermüdungslebensdauerbewertung von Warmumformwerkzeugen – Ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung und Anwendung
Authors: Jilg A. , Seifert T. , Bouguecha A.
Published: December 2017

Warmumformwerkzeuge unterliegen während des Betriebes komplexen thermischen und mechanischen Beanspruchungen. In kritischen Bereichen können dadurch lokal Spannungen entstehen, die die Fließgrenze überschreiten. Bei der Serienproduktion führt dies zu zyklischen plastischen Verformungen und zur thermomechanischen Ermüdung, welche die Lebensdauer der Warmumformwerkzeuge maßgeblich bestimmen kann. Zur Bewertung der thermomechanischen Ermüdung der Warmumformwerkzeuge gibt es jedoch heute keine etablierten Konzepte, da dieser Aspekt erst durch die Notwendigkeit einer höheren Ressourcen‐ und Energieeffizienz und optimierter Produktionsprozesse (beispielsweise im Rahmen von Industrie 4.0) eine höhere Aufmerksamkeit erreicht. In dieser Arbeit wird zum einen die aktuell industriell angewandte Vorgehensweise zur Auslegung von Warmumformwerkzeugen hinsichtlich der Lebensdauer erläutert. Des Weiteren wird ein Überblick über existierende Plastizitätsmodelle und Lebensdauermodelle gegeben. Dabei wird zwischen rein phänomenologischen und mechanismenbasierten Modellen unterschieden. Aus der betriebenen Recherche wird ersichtlich, dass weiterer Forschungsbedarf auf diesem Gebiet notwendig ist.
Development of educational tools for doctors in training on inpatient diabetes management
Authors: Setty Sowmya Gururaj , Daly Heather , Higgins Kath
Published: December 2017

The prevalence of diabetes among inpatients is increasing. The National Diabetes Inpatient Audit in 2015 showed that 17% of inpatients have diabetes of whom about 36% are on insulin therapy. The audit highlighted sub‐optimal care quality, with harm resulting from inpatient care across several areas of diabetes care. The National Diabetes Mortality and Morbidity project was set up to understand factors contributing to inpatient diabetes harm. The key recommendation arising from this project is mandatory education on inpatient diabetes for all staff. It is critical to take widespread action to improve training and education in inpatient diabetes care in order to reduce and avoid serious diabetes harms occurring in the future.

This paper describes educational tools we have developed for staff who care for inpatients with diabetes. IDEA (Inpatient Diabetes Education through Animation) is a novel, effective, unique and appealing model which we have developed, piloted and evaluated in the inpatient diabetes care setting. The INDIE web portal (INpatient DIabetes Education tool for doctors in training) provides easy access to educational resources (knowledge self‐assessment, links to educational material, guidelines, guidance and IDEA videos). Around 94% of doctors in training (n = 19) rated IDEA videos as relevant and 83% have rated them as useful and will change their practice. Likewise 94% of pharmacists (n = 17) rated IDEA videos useful and relevant and 76% rated that the videos would change their practice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
An interesting unfolding of the diagnosis of hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1 beta (HNF1β) monogenic diabetes
Authors: Hegde Pallavi , Meldon Annette , Lamen Lesley , Sharma Dushyant , Kalathil Dhanya
Published: December 2017

The HNF1B gene plays an important role in endodermal development, and mutations of HNF1B are associated with the renal cysts and diabetes (RCAD) syndrome. Other than renal cystic malformations and monogenic diabetes, various other abnormalities have been described depending on HNF1β expression. Molecular diagnosis has huge implications for the treatment of the patient and their family members.

We present a case of RCAD syndrome with a previously unreported mutation. A 49‐year‐old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted with worsening chronic kidney disease requiring haemodialysis. He developed recurrent, unexplained hypoglycaemia despite discontinuing insulin, making the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus questionable. He had detectable serum C‐peptide (742 pmol/L), and anti‐GAD and anti‐pancreatic islet cell antibodies were negative. Abdominal imaging revealed renal cortical cysts and atrophic pancreas. A significant family history of diabetes mellitus with renal disease was also established which prompted us to suspect mutation of the HNF1B gene.

Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis: he was found to have a novel HNF1B missense mutation p.R165C previously not reported. This case study identified a mutation previously unreported thereby expanding the spectrum of HNF1B gene mutations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
ToF‐SIMS Characterization of Robust Window Material for Use in Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers
Authors: Fletcher Aaron , Turner David , Fairchild Steven , Rice Christopher , Pitz Gregory
Published: December 2017

Developments in diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) systems have been impeded because of the catastrophic failure of laser windows. The window's failure is caused by localized laser‐induced heating of window material. This heating is believed to occur due to increases in absorption on or near the surface of the window. This increase is believed to be caused by either adsorption of carbon‐based soot from the collisional gas or by the diffusion of rubidium into the bulk material. The work presented here focuses on the diffusion of Rb into the bulk window materials and strives to identify a superior material to use as windows. The results of this research indicate that aluminum oxynitride (ALON), sapphire, MgAl2O4 (spinel), and ZrO2 are resistant to alkali‐induced changes in optical properties.
Control charts for monitoring the mean and percentiles of Weibull processes with variance components
Authors: Pascual Francis , Park Changsoon
Published: December 2017

In this article, we study Shewhart and exponentially weighted moving average control charts for monitoring the mean or, equivalently, the percentiles of a Weibull process when additional sources of variation, also known as variance components, are present. We adopt a frailty model to describe the monitored process. We derive analytical properties for this model and use them to develop control charts. We consider charts for the sample mean and exponentially weighted moving averages. We compare their average run length performances to their traditional counterparts when they do not account for variance components.
Das neue Ottendorfer Viadukt – ein außergewöhnliches Bauvorhaben
Authors: Hering Elke
Published: December 2017

Einer der Titel des Bischofs von Rom ist Pontifex. Pontifex bedeutet Brückenbauer. Nun ist es wirklich vermessen, uns Brückenbauer mit einem Papst zu vergleichen. Aber wenn es gelungen ist, nach Abschluss einer so großen Baumaßnahme wie dem Neubau des Ottendorfer Viaduktes, auch Brücken von Mensch zu Mensch geschlagen zu haben, dann ist es ein Erfolg im Sinne des Wortes Pontifex.

Aufgrund der örtlichen Gegebenheiten war die Erneuerung des Ottendorfer Viaduktes eine planerische, technologische und bauliche Herausforderung. Nur durch das hervorragende Zusammenspiel aller Beteiligten, bestehend aus Vorhabenträger, Planern, Ausführenden, Behörden und Anwohnern, wurde dieses Bauvorhaben zu einem Erfolg. Entstanden ist ein außergewöhnliches Ingenieurbauwerk. Die Form des Bogentragwerkes wurde bei der Deutschen Bahn zum ersten Mal angewendet und präsentiert im Ottendorfer Tal eine äußerst ästhetische Landschaftsmarke.
Zur Berechnung und Ausführung von Hängeranschlüssen mit Dichtblech an Stabbogenbrücken
Authors: Pfaffinger Marjolaine , Mensinger Martin
Published: December 2017

An innenliegenden Anschlüssen für Flachstahlhänger an geschlossene Querschnitte der Bögen und Versteifungsträger von Stabbogenbrücken wird der dem Hänger zugewandte Flansch meist durch ein aufgeschweißtes Dichtblech geschlossen. Ungewollt wird durch dieses Dichtblech ein nicht vernachlässigbarer Anteil der Spannungen aus dem Flansch übertragen, was an dessen Stirnseiten zu ermüdungsrelevanten Spannungskonzentrationen am Schweißnahtübergang führt. In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Dichtblechformen im Hinblick auf deren Einfluss auf das Spannungsbild untersucht. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Simulationsansätze gegenübergestellt, die sich in Modellierung und Auswertung unterscheiden. Die Validierung erfolgt anhand gemessener Ergebnisse aus Ermüdungsversuchen.
Making rotational invariance of particle swarm optimization based on correlativity
Authors: Kumagai Wataru , Yasuda Keiichiro
Published: December 2017

In this letter, we point out that particle swarm optimization (PSO) lacks rotational invariance through an analysis using numerical experiments. After the analysis based on rotational invariance, we develop PSO with rotational invariance based on correlativity. The performance of the proposed PSO with rotational invariance is verified through numerical experiments for typical separable benchmark functions without and with rotation.
A force regulation guaranteeing input‐to‐state stability for a robot manipulator in a potential field
Authors: Satoh Satoshi , Ebimoto Ryusuke , Saeki Masami
Published: December 2017

This paper is concerned with the compliant force regulation for a robot manipulator interacting with a deformable environment described as a potential field. We extend the conventional result of the asymptotic force regulation based on the energy shaping method for a port‐Hamiltonian system. Additionally, we add an extra compensator and equip a modified integrator dynamics to the proposed controller in order to introduce sufficient degrees of freedom. Those degrees of freedom enable dealing with a wider class of disturbances, which are possibly time‐varying and appear in the dynamics of all the variables of the closed‐loop system. Moreover, first, we prove that the proposed controller achieves asymptotic force regulation at the desired position without disturbances. Second, we prove that the closed‐loop system with the proposed controller becomes input‐to‐state stable with respect to any bounded disturbances and guarantees that both the solution of the system and resultant interaction force remain bounded.
Re: Influence of chorionicity and gestational age at single fetal loss on risk of preterm birth in twin pregnancy: analysis of STORK multiple pregnancy cohort. F. D'Antonio, B. Thilaganathan, T. Dias and A. Khalil, on behalf of the Southwest Thames Obstetric Research Collaborative (STORK). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 723–727.
Authors: Klaritsch P.
Published: December 2017

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 50: 723–727
The Inverse Perovskite Nitrides (Sr3N2/3–x)Sn, (Sr3N2/3–x)Pb, and (Sr3N)Sb: Flux Crystal Growth, Crystal Structures, and Physical Properties
Authors: Pathak Manisha , Stoiber Dominik , Bobnar Matej , Ormeci Alim , Prots Yurii , Niewa Rainer , Höhn Peter
Published: December 2017

Black single crystals with metallic luster of (Sr3N2/3–x)E (E = Sn, Pb) and (Sr3N)Sb were grown in lithium flux from strontium nitride, Sr2N, and tin, lead, or antimony, respectively. Nitrogen deficiency in the tin and the lead compound is a result of the higher ionic charge of the tetrelide ions E4– as compared to the antimonide ion Sb3–. In contrast to microcrystalline samples from solid state sinter reactions obtained earlier, the flux synthesis induces nitrogen order in the nitrogen deficient tetrelides. The antimony compound crystallizes as inverse cubic perovskite [a = 517.22(5) pm, Z = 1, space group Pm3m, no. 221] with fully occupied nitrogen site, whereas the nitrogen deficient tin and lead compounds exhibit partially ordered arrangements and a certain phase width in respect to nitrogen contents. For the tetrelides, the nitrogen order leads to a cubic 2 × 2 × 2 superstructure [E = Sn: a = 1045.64(8) pm for x = 0, a = 1047.08(7) pm for x = 0.08; and E = Pb: a = 1050.7(1) pm for x = 0, space group Fm3m, no. 225] as derived from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The metallic tetrelides show diamagnetic behavior, which is consistent with electronic structure calculations.
From research library to research services: Stories of change at the Rijksmuseum
Authors: Koot Geert-Jan
Published: December 2017

The Rijksmuseum project in Amsterdam began in 1999 with a government plan to celebrate the millennium in the Netherlands with a series of grand cultural projects. It was recognized that the museum building had been neglected, and urgently needed modernizing. Following a European search, the Spanish architects of Cruz y Ortiz Arquitectos won the competition in 2001. The renovation would also focus on new spaces for the entrance hall and a pavilion for Asian art. The main art gallery and the library were selected as places to receive an especially thorough renovation and restauration. The Cuypers Library Hall is the one of the very few 19th-century library spaces that have survived in the Netherlands. The library is very close to the architect's original conception of the space and how it would be used. The reception is an impressive 20-meter high rectangular book hall, elaborately decorated and composed as a Gesamtkunstwerk. This article will draw attention to the design and the historic functions of the library hall.
The right space: 150 years of housing a national gallery's library and archive collection
Authors: Lydon Andrea
Published: December 2017

The National Gallery of Ireland is the country's premier art institution. It houses the nation's collection of fine art in addition to a collection of library and archive material relating to the visual arts. The library and archive collections play an invaluable role supporting the work of the gallery and are regularly consulted by external researchers. Surprisingly, for more than a century there was no dedicated library space allocated to this collection. This article explores the development of the collection and the space it has occupied within the Gallery over the last 150 years, chronicling the challenges the gallery has faced housing this growing collection. This article outlines the situation today and concludes with an outline of the gallery's future plans for the library and archive in its efforts to create a space that will be a fitting home for this remarkable collection.
An historical space in a new context: The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Research Library as a part of the future House of Text
Authors: Igoshina Ekaterina
Published: December 2017

In 2021 the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts Research Library will move from its historical setting into a new building as part of a new House of Text. This House of Text is faced with the challenge of adapting a former early 20th-century apartment house (never before used as a museum or a library) to the needs of an institution that collects and conserves books on fine art and makes them accessible to the public in multiple ways.
Fleet Library at Rhode Island School of Design: A decade of success and change
Authors: Pompelia Mark , Terry Carol
Published: December 2017

The Fleet Library at Rhode Island School of Design is a successful reinvention of the art library through the adaptive re-use of an historic bank building in downtown Providence, Rhode Island. In addition to reviewing how the library's goals were met during its first decade, the most significant change, the transformation of the slide library into a material resource centre and the growth of a community of such collections and related initiatives, will be described.
‘Lord, Lord’: Jesus as YHWH in Matthew and Luke
Authors: Staples Jason A.
Published: December 2017

Despite numerous studies of the word κύριος (‘Lord’) in the New Testament, the significance of the double form κύριε κύριε occurring in Matthew and Luke has been overlooked, with most assuming the doubling merely communicates heightened emotion or special reverence. By contrast, this article argues that whereas a single κύριος might be ambiguous, the double κύριος formula outside the Gospels always serves as a distinctive way to represent the Tetragrammaton and that its use in Matthew and Luke is therefore best understood as a way to represent Jesus as applying the name of the God of Israel to himself.
Just War Theory and the Laws of War as Nonidentical Twins
Authors: Luban David
Published: December 2017

This essay examines the similarities, but even more the dissimilarities, between (nonrevisionist) just war theory and the laws of war. The similarities are obvious: both just war theory and the laws of war distinguish jus ad bellum from jus in bello, and incorporate the principles of distinction, proportionality, and necessity. The dissimilarities derive from the special character of law. Law needs binary, yes-no standards for drawing lines, for example between armed conflict and lesser forms of violence. Laws come in packages (regimes), so that changing only one law is not always practicable. And legal propositions, unlike philosophical propositions, are often detachable from their reasons and applied in unexpected and unwelcome ways. This is especially important in the stresses of battle, when rules of warfare must be usable “off the shelf” by middle- or lower-ranked personnel with no opportunity for bespoke deliberation. The essay provides contemporary illustrations of these differences.
Bringing Politics into SAI
Authors: Jinnah Sikina , Bushey Douglas
Published: December 2017

In order to advance a neatly deductive argument, Christopher J. Preston must make a number of assumptions and framing decisions that exclude important practical points from the scope of his analysis. We do not criticize him for doing so, as these simplifications allow him to advance a concise argument about an ethically complex subject. However, as scholars of politics and law, we are interested in what this ethical argument means—and does not mean—for the messy politics of climate engineering. Accordingly, in our response we unpack the political implications of some of Preston's assumptions and framing decisions in an effort to add a layer of practical richness to the abstraction of Preston's analysis.
Comment on ‘The symmetries and asymmetries of human–thing relations. A dialogue’
Authors: Barrett John C.
Published: December 2017

Gavin Lucas questions whether Ian Hodder's analysis of the ‘entanglements’ between humans and many other things necessarily assumes an inherent asymmetry. The quick answer is that it is more than likely, and we might wonder why Lucas thinks that this is a problem. The recent ‘ontological turn’ in archaeology has sought to treat the differences between all things ‘symmetrically’ and ‘without a priori subsuming them into an asymmetrical regime of radical divides’ (Olsen and Witmore 2015, 188). One such radical divide would be between living things (such as humans) and non-living things (such as hammers): it is the potential asymmetry across this divide that Lucas seems to want to avoid.
On being and care. Joining the conversation on the symmetries/asymmetries of human–thing relations
Authors: Rizvi Uzma Z.
Published: December 2017

Having followed the scholarship related to new materialisms, the call for a symmetrical archaeology, its critiques and subsequent responses, I believe that this dialogue is one of the more interesting ones as it illustrates the problematic and reiterative nature of debate within a symmetrical/asymmetrical framework. There is some clarity achieved through the utterly collegial challenges posited in emails between Ian Hodder and Gavin Lucas; enjoyable as it is at once intimate, rigorous and immediate. This is a useful discussion of something I have come to find to be an unnecessary theoretical insistence (i.e. symmetrical archaeology).
Estimating Incidence Rate of Hospital-Treated Self-Harm in Hong Kong Using Capture–Recapture Approach
Authors: Leung Kwok Chi , Yip Paul S. F.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Background: A surveillance system for self-harm has not been established in Hong Kong. The existing data source has an unknown degree of underreporting, and therefore a capture–recapture method has been proposed to correct for the incompleteness. Aims: To assess the underestimation of the incidence of self-harm cases presenting to hospital in Hong Kong using a capture and recapture method. Method: Two different yet overlapping hospital administrative datasets of self-harm were obtained from all public hospitals in Hong Kong. From 2002 to 2011, 59,473 distinct episodes involving 36,411 patients were identified. A capture–recapture model considering heterogeneous capture probabilities was applied to estimate the number of self-harm episodes. Results: The estimated number of self-harm incidence was 79,923, equally shared by females and males. Cases of self-harm by females were more likely to be ascertained than those by males. The estimated annual incidence rate of self-harm in Hong Kong from 2002 to 2011 ranged from 96.4 in 2010 to 132.7 in 2002. Limitations: The proposed method does not include patients who required no medical attention and those where the patient consulted private doctors. Conclusion: The capture–recapture model is a useful method for adjusting the underestimation of self-harm cases from existing databases when surveillance system is not available and to reveal some hidden patterns.
Partnerships Drive Science to Action Across the AGU Community
Authors: Vano Julie , Behar David , Mote Philip , Ferguson Daniel , Pandya Raj
Published: December 2017

Scientists and decision-makers are working together to design, conduct, apply, and share research in ways that maximize value to society. How can AGU foster such partnerships?
Identifying models of dielectric breakdown strength from high-throughput data via genetic programming
Authors: Yuan Fenglin , Mueller Tim
Published: December 2017

The identification of models capable of rapidly predicting material properties enables rapid screening of large numbers of materials and facilitates the design of new materials. One of the leading challenges for computational researchers is determining the best ways to analyze large material data sets to identify models that can rapidly predict a given property. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of genetic programming to generate simple models of dielectric breakdown based on 82 representative dielectric materials. We identified the band gap Egand phonon cut-off frequency ωmaxas the two most relevant features, and new classes of models featuring functions of Egand ωmaxwere uncovered. The genetic programming approach was found to outperform other approaches for generating models, and we discuss some of the advantages of this approach.
Comparison of intrafascial and non-intrafascial radical prostatectomy for low risk localized prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Zhankui , Zhu Haizhou , Yu Honglian , Kong Qingsheng , Fan Chengjuan , Meng Lin , Liu Chuanxin , Ding Xiegang
Published: December 2017

In this meta-analysis study, we compared the oncological and functional outcomes of intrafascial radical prostatectomy (IFRP) with non-intrafascial radical prostatectomy (NIFRP) in the treatment of patients with low risk localized prostate cancer (PCa). Relevant articles were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and the ISI Web of Knowledge databases. A total of 2096 patients were included from 7 eligible studies. Results of the pooled data showed that the oncological outcomes including gleason score, positive surgical margin and biochemical free survival rates were similar between the two groups. IFRP was superior to NIFRP with lower postoperative complication rates (RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38, 0.85, p = 0.006), higher continence rates at 3 months post-operation (RR: 1.14; 95% CI, 1.04, 1.26; p = 0.006), and higher potency rates at 6 months (RR: 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07, 2.18; p = 0.02) and 12 months post-operation (RR: 1.38; 95% CI, 1.11, 1.73; p = 0.005). Additionally, there was a tendency towards higher potency rate in patients ≤65 years old compared with patients >65 years old after IFRP. Overall, these findings suggest that IFRP in young patients with low risk localized PCa had less postoperative complications, shortened time to return to continence and improved potency rate without compromising complete tumor control.
A precursor method for the synthesis of new Ce(iv) MOFs with reactive tetracarboxylate linkers
Authors: Smolders Simon , Struyf Arnaud , Reinsch Helge , Bueken Bart , Rhauderwiek Timo , Mintrop Luise , Kurz Philipp , Stock Norbert , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: December 2017

A new precursor method using glycinate/nitrate capped Ce6 clusters enables the synthesis of Ce(iv) MOFs with reactive linkers.
Hot excitons are responsible for increasing photoluminescence blinking activity in single lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Jia-Shiang , Zang Huidong , Li Mingxing , Cotlet Mircea
Published: December 2017

The kinetics of PL blinking for isolated PbS/CdS nanocrystals changes with the photon excitation energy, with PL blinking increasing in frequency and changing from a two-state to a multistate on/off switching when the excitation energy changes from 1Sh–1Se (≈1.4 eV) to 1Ph–1Pe (≈2.4 eV).
High quantum yield Ag2S quantum dot@polypeptide-engineered hybrid nanogels for targeted second near-infrared fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Zhao Dong-Hui , Yang Jie , Xia Rui-Xue , Yao Ming-Hao , Jin Rui-Mei , Zhao Yuan-Di , Liu Bo
Published: December 2017

We developed a new hybrid nanogel system for targeted second near-infrared fluorescence, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapy of cancer.
Novel isomorphism of two hexagonal non-centrosymmetric hybrid crystals of M(en)3Ag2I4 (M = transition metal Mn2+ or main-group metal Mg2+; en = ethylenediamine)
Authors: Chen Xin , Yao Zhi-Yuan , Xue Chen , Yang Zhu-Xi , Liu Jian-Lan , Ren Xiao-Ming
Published: December 2017

For the first time, a main-group metal complex is used as a template for the formation of hybrid crystal structures and isomorphic hybrid crystals are obtained using transition and main-group metal complexes.
Enhancing the magnetic anisotropy energy by tuning the contact areas of Ag and Ni at the Ag/Ni interface
Authors: Chow Yu-Ting , Jiang Bin-Han , Chang Cheng-Hsun-Tony , Tsay Jyh-Shen
Published: December 2017

Modifying the interfacial conditions of magnetic layers by capping with overlayers can efficiently enhance the magnetic functionality of a material.
Lattice mismatch as the descriptor of segregation, stability and reactivity of supported thin catalyst films
Authors: Fako Edvin , Dobrota Ana S. , Pašti Igor A. , López Núria , Mentus Slavko V. , Skorodumova Natalia V.
Published: December 2017

Surface properties of supported bimetallic films can be predicted from the lattice mismatch between the overlayer and the support already there for trilayers.
Molecular dynamics simulations of melting and sintering of Si nanoparticles: a comparison of different force fields and computational models
Authors: Sementa Luca , Barcaro Giovanni , Monti Susanna , Carravetta Vincenzo
Published: December 2017

Melting and sintering of silicon nanoparticles are investigated by means of classical molecular dynamics simulations to disclose the dependence of modelling on the system type, the simulation procedure and interaction potential.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of organically functionalized hexa-molybdovanadates
Authors: Karoui H. , Ritchie C.
Published: December 2017

The microwave-assisted reaction of (TBA)4[β-Mo8O24] and (TBA)3[H3V10O28] with pentaerythritol or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane yields polyanions with the general formula (TBA)2[V3Mo3O16(O3–R)] (R: C5H8OH – 1; R: C4H6NH2 – 3). Post-synthetic esterification of 1 yields the acylated derivative 2, with all compounds being characterized in the solid and solution state.
Effect of BaCO3 addition on the CO2-derived carbon deposition in molten carbonates electrolyzer
Authors: Yu Yanyan , Li Zhida , Zhang Wenyong , Li Wei , Ji Deqiang , Liu Yue , He Zhouwen , Wu Hongjun
Published: December 2017

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is facilely transformed into carbon materials in Ba-containing or Ba-free carbonates eutectic.
Surface modification of co-doped reduced graphene oxide through alkanolamine functionalization for enhanced electrochemical performance
Authors: Khandelwal Mahima , Li Yuanyuan , Hur Seung Hyun , Chung Jin Suk
Published: December 2017

The synergistic effect of heteroatom co-doping and triethanolamine functionalization on reduced graphene oxide resulted in impressive electrochemical features.
Free-standing Ni3(VO4)2 nanosheet arrays on aminated r-GO sheets for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Kumar Rudra , Gupta Prashant Kumar , Rai Prabhakar , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: December 2017

Ni3(VO4)2 nanosheet arrays have been grown on r-GO sheets to tackle the π–π stacking of r-GO sheets in order to improve the electrochemical supercapacitor properties.
Können Physiotherapeuten klinisch relevante Veränderungen des Straight-Leg-Raise-Tests bei Probanden mit subakuten/akuten Beschwerden feststellen?
Authors: Bräuer M. , Schöttker-Königer T. , Schäfer A.
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund: Der Straight-Leg-Raise-Test (SLR) dient klinisch häufig zum Wiederbefund. Der kleinste klinisch relevante Unterschied (Minimal clinically important change, MCIC) und die Änderungssensitivität sind unbekannt.

Ziel: Diese longitudinale multizentrische Studie untersuchte den MCIC und die Änderungssensitivität für den Straight-Leg-Raise bei Patienten mit subakuten/akuten unteren Rückenschmerzen (LBP) und/oder unilateralen Beinschmerzen.

Methode: Bei den eingeschlossenen 10 Probanden mit ausstrahlenden LBP wurden zu 2 Zeitpunkten (t1; t2) der SLR beidseitig mit/ohne Dorsalextension, der LBP sowie die unilateralen Beinschmerzen und die Aktivitätseinschränkung gemessen. Zu t2 wurden die subjektive Veränderung des Gesundheitszustands mittels der Global Rating of Change Scale (GROC) und Korrelationen zwischen den Veränderungen im SLR und der genannten Parameter ermittelt. Mithilfe der Area under the Curve (AUC) und der Korrelationen wurden die Änderungssensitivität und die Schwellenwerte für den SLR berechnet.

Ergebnisse: Die Veränderung des LBP zeigte gute bis sehr gute Korrelationen mit dem SLR mit/ohne Dorsalextension. Die AUC mit LBP als Anker erreichte im SLR einen fast akzeptablen Wert. Der dazugehörige Schwellenwert lag bei 17°.

Schlussfolgerung: Die zu kleine Stichprobengröße ließ keine präzisen Aussagen zu. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise, dass der SLR als änderungssensitiv für die Konstrukte unilaterale Beinschmerzen und LBP gelten könnte.
Inhibitors in Hemophilia A: A Pharmacoeconomic Perspective
Authors: Messori Andrea
Published: December 2017

A discussion of the main pharmacoeconomic issues related to inhibitors in hemophilia A cannot be separated from an analysis of the most relevant clinical questions. In the field of inhibitors, the clinical evidence includes several controversial topics, such as high-titer versus low-titer inhibitors, the influence of factor VIII products on inhibitor risk, effectiveness of different immune tolerance induction (ITI) treatments, the role of bypassing agents, and development of new non-factor-VIII compounds. In terms of pharmacoeconomic data, numerous cost estimates have been reported in these fields, but this information is strongly influenced by the wide between-country differences in unit costs. Quite reliable data are, however, available regarding expenditure for replacement therapy in patients without inhibitors, increased lifetime costs caused by high-titer inhibitors, and cost of pharmacological interventions aimed at eradicating inhibitors. As regards the cost-effectiveness ratio, the data on ITI are not conclusive; nonetheless, irrespective of the specific treatments employed for inducing tolerance, their costs seem to be offset by the subsequent savings in the cost per patient. Other issues, such as the cost of low-titer inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A and effectiveness of pharmacological interventions aimed at eradicating low-titer inhibitors are not supported by sound data and will require further research. Finally, although the efficacy and safety profiles of novel treatments (e.g., emicizumab, Roche) warrant long-term clinical studies, the economic advantages of these new compounds might be very substantial both in patients with inhibitors and in those at risk of developing inhibitors.
Roboter in der Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Mehrholz Jan , Thomas Simone
Published: December 2017

Die robotergestützte Therapie erlebt einen regelrechten Aufschwung. Wie spiegelt sich ihr Einsatz in den Leitlinien der wichtigsten
Gesellschaften wider? Welche Geräte werden idealerweise eingesetzt? Bei welchen Erkrankungen profitieren Patienten am deutlichsten vom
Einsatz der modernen Technologie?
Roboterassistierte Gangrehabilitation bei Patienten mit Hirn- und Rückenmarkverletzungen
Authors: Swinnen Eva , Lefeber Nina , De Keersmaecker Emma , Kerckhofs Eric
Published: December 2017

Computergestütztes Gehtraining unterstützt Patienten dabei, die Gehfähigkeit wiederzuerlangen. Doch welche Feinheiten sich hinter dieser
Aussage verbergen, beleuchtet der folgende Artikel.
Long-term successful closure of a percutaneous intragastric trocar tract with crossing full-thickness sutures in a porcine model
Authors: Storm Andrew , Aihara Hiroyuki , Skinner Matthew , Ryou Marvin , Thompson Christopher
Published: December 2017

Background and study aims A novel intragastric trocar placed using a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy technique enables the use of laparoscopic tools and procedures, including tissue stapling, cutting, suturing, and retraction. The aim of this porcine study was to determine long-term success of crossing full-thickness sutures in closure of the tract upon trocar withdrawal.

Methods 10 trocars were placed in 5 animals. Each animal underwent a standardized tissue resection using a 5-mm stapler under gastroscopic guidance, and two full-thickness, absorbable, crossing sutures were used to close the trocar tracts. The animals were monitored for 35 days and then euthanized for necropsy.

Results All five animals survived without sign of infection or distress. Nine of the 10 trocar sites healed completely without any adverse findings. A single site developed a gastrocutaneous fistula. On necropsy, there was no evidence of intra-abdominal infection or abscess.

Conclusions Full-thickness crossing sutures appeared to be effective in long-term closure of an intragastric trocar tract. Given the ease of placement and success of this simple closure method, this device may prove clinically useful to the endoscopist performing complex procedures in the endoscopy suite.
2.2 Catalytic Oxidations with Hypervalent Iodine
Authors: Singh F. V. , Wirth T.
Published: December 2017

Hypervalent iodine chemistry is a very active research area in both organic synthesis and natural product chemistry. Hypervalent iodine reagents have been used to perform various oxidative transformations under mild reaction conditions. These reagents have received particular attention since the first reports, in 2005, that they can act as catalysts. Since then, various hypervalent iodine catalyzed oxidative functionalizations, such as oxidations of alcohols and phenols, α-functionalizations of carbonyl compounds, cyclizations, and rearrangements have been successfully achieved. Several catalytic reactions have been developed using hypervalent iodine reagents as catalysts, while in other reactions iodoarenes have been used as precatalyst to generate active iodine(III) or iodine(V) species in situ. This chapter highlights various aspects of hypervalent iodine-catalyzed oxidation reactions, including asymmetric variants.
9 Catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Phenols
Authors: Lumb J.-P. , Esguerra K. V. N.
Published: December 2017

Phenols are ubiquitous motifs in nature and their aerobic oxidation is implicated in the biosynthesis of a wide variety of biologically relevant compounds and polymeric materials. This chapter outlines notable catalytic aerobic oxidations of phenols, and includes recent advances in oxidative dimerizations, polymerizations and oxygenation reactions as well as key advances in copper-mediated phenol functionalization. Specifically, this chapter focuses on the synthesis of poly(1,4-phenylene oxides), biphenols, quinones, Pummerer’s ketones, and oxepinobenzofurans.