bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Valorización y difusión del patrimonio arqueológico mediante un entorno web 3D. Documentación de Santa María de Iguacel (XI d.C.) mediante láser escáner 3D.
Authors: Angás Pajas Jorge , Serreta Oliván Alfredo
Published: March 2016

Nowadays, the introduction of the pioneer laser scanning 3D technology has turn into a revolution in the methods used and results obtained in the documentation and geometric analysis of Archaeological Heritage, through the collection and mass storage of data generated by a laser scanner. The documentation of the Cultural Heritage through the 3D laser scanning technology is a key element in the reliable representation of a monument. As well as forming an exact geometric documentary file, which is totally diachronically reproducible, it serves as a control tool for monitoring any type of change in the structure of the monument. Using a methodological approach, this work is focused on the creation of a 3D web server which will process the 3D file in a more agile way, and through html it will arrive to a wider and more diverse public.
3D reconstruction and digitalization of an archeological site, Itanos, Crete
Authors: Ercek Rudy , Viviers Didier , Warzée Nadine
Published: March 2016

The city of Itanos is situated in the North-East of Crete. Between 1994 and 2005, the French School of Archaeology at Athens (Efa) and the Center for Mediterranean Studies in Rethymnon carried out excavation campaigns during which a necropolis and an Archaic building have been explored by a team of the CReA. A very close collaboration between archeologists, engineers and computer graphic designers allowed the 3D reconstruction of these remains. The archeologist was able to directly verify his hypotheses during the reconstruction process. In summer 2007 and 2008, a 3D digitalization of Itanos was made in order to insert the 3D reconstructions into the actual landscape.
Sistemas de Visualización Inmersiva, Interactivos y de bajo coste en Museos y Espacios Públicos
Authors: Flores Julián , Otero Antonio , Mallo Eduardo , Arenas Rubén
Published: March 2016

Over the past decade, projection based immersive virtual reality systems have increased in popularity. These kinds of systems and their applications left the laboratories and universities and became widely used in museums, schools, and other exhibition spaces. This trend has taken place largely due to vast improvements in the performance of projectors, CPU’s, and PC graphics cards at progressively lower costs. In this paper we present two of the most significant projects from the MAR group of University Santiago de Compostela in the design and development of low cost immersive virtual reality systems, in use at museums and public spaces.
Documentación sistémica del arte rupestre mediante el análisis espectral del escaneado 3D de las estaciones pintadas en Aragón, El caso concreto del abrigo de La Vacada (Castellote, Teruel) y el covacho del Plano del Pulido (Caspe, Zaragoza). España.
Authors: Sebastián López María , Uriarte González Antonio , Angás Pajas Jorge , Martínez-Bea Manuel
Published: March 2016

The work that follows is a sample of the tool of 3D laser scanner for the systematic study of rock art. Getting a three-dimensional modeling of the panels that are located in the cave paintings and analyzing variable intensity emitted by the scanner (green or red depending on instrument used). This analysis allows us pigment spots (cave paintings), with alterations of the panel. What allows us to obtain, as is the case, greater sharpness of the compositional elements that have the rock station and detecting non-visible figures at present due to deterioration. Assuming therefore a method of systemic documentation of rock art and promoting the recovery of lost art today.
El SIG y el patrimonio arqueológico en los valles del Turón y Guadalteba (Guadalhorce Medio). Su aplicación en la investigación histórica, paisaje y desarrollo turístico territorial
Authors: Medianero Soto Fco. Javier
Published: March 2016

The valleys of Guadalteba and Turón are located in the middle basin Guadalhorce river in its western slope. The implementation of the Geographic Information Systems since the year 2000 enables the start of the research throughout the region of Guadalteba and in particular to areas such as Park Guadalteba. In this communication will an overview of the research generated in this framework territorial and in its application for the development of heritage resources that they generate proposals interpretative and innovation tourism.
Reconstrucción virtual de la Estancia Jesuítica de Nuestra Señora de Belén (Calera de las Huérfanas)
Authors: Payssé Álvarez Marcelo , Geymonat Bonino Jacqueline
Published: March 2016

The present project consists of the three-dimensional recreation of the Jesuitical Farm of Bethlehem, as it was approximately in 1790, including the topography, architecture, notable buildings, territory, equipment, etc., that allow tours across animations, stereoscopic images, layouts and engravings of the epoch, by means of immersive applications.
Comprender lo virtual: conclusiones de un estudio evaluativo sobre reconstrucciones virtuales en los museos arqueológicos
Authors: Pujol Tost Laia
Published: March 2016

This paper aims at presenting the conclusions of a middle-term research project undertaken in several European museums in order to obtain empirical data about the specific contribution of Virtual Reality for the dissemination of Archaeology, its integration in exhibitions and its perception and real use by audiences. The ultimate aim of this research project is to provide a theoretical and practical framework for the use of Virtual Reality in the Cultural Heritage field, in which professionals can find the basis of its specific usefulness, tools for its evaluation and, above all, guidelines for the design of future applications.
Nuevos métodos para viejas tecnologías: análisis y documentación de los materiales arqueológicos mediante la aplicación de sistemas Láser-scanner 3D
Authors: Rubio Gil Daniel , Martínez Rubio José , Baena Preysler Javier , Fernández Martín Juan José , Finat Codes Javier
Published: March 2016

This research work, aims to contribute to the increasing application of new technologies (3D laser-scanner) in the archaeological discipline, with the aim of developing new avenues of study related documentation, analysis, dissemination, conservation and value of the archaeological register. To tackle this project successfully, we considered essential to implement a multidisciplinary working environment (Department of Prehistory and Archeology of the UAM and research group, Department of Photogrammetry DAVAP of UVA), strategy that will enable us in a joint and evaluate the many possibilities it offers us the register of archaeological materials in 3D Laser-Scanner, with the aim of advancing scientific results more informative and complete and consistent with the current development of our society
Visualización del espacio residencial mediante sistemas gráficos informatizados en la Alumbrera, Puna de Catamarca, Argentina, Andes Meridionales entre ca.1000-1535 A.D.
Authors: Salminci Pedro Miguel , Olivera Daniel Enzo , Tchilinguirian Pablo
Published: March 2016

La Alumbrera archaeological site is a classical example of a dense fortified settlement of Norwest Argentina late prehispanic societies. Computer based visualization, created through field and laboratory work, allowed to analyze the spatial configuration of the site, understood as the underlying structure of potential movements, encounters and avoidance that are established by walls and other elements such as relief. Two surrounding systems of walls, and two sections (East- West) divided by access and circulation system were visualized through the digital model created. As a result, new interpretations were suggested and further questions and future research lines were posited.
Fingerprints of a riming event on cloud radar Doppler spectra: observations and modeling
Authors: Kalesse Heike , Szyrmer Wanda , Kneifel Stefan , Kollias Pavlos , Luke Edward
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Radar Doppler spectra measurements are exploited to study a riming event when precipitating ice from a seeder cloud sediment through a supercooled liquid water (SLW) layer. The focus is on the "golden sample" case study for this type of analysis based on observations collected during the deployment of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) mobile facility AMF2 at Hyytiälä, Finland, during the Biogenic Aerosols – Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) field campaign. The presented analysis of the height evolution of the radar Doppler spectra is a state-of-the-art retrieval with profiling cloud radars in SLW layers beyond the traditional use of spectral moments. Dynamical effects are considered by following the particle population evolution along slanted tracks that are caused by horizontal advection of the cloud under wind shear conditions. In the SLW layer, the identified liquid peak is used as an air motion tracer to correct the Doppler spectra for vertical air motion and the ice peak is used to study the radar profiles of rimed particles. A 1-D steady-state bin microphysical model is constrained using the SLW and air motion profiles and cloud top radar observations. The observed radar moment profiles of the rimed snow can be simulated reasonably well by the model, but not without making several assumptions about the ice particle concentration and the relative role of deposition and aggregation. This suggests that in situ observations of key ice properties are needed to complement the profiling radar observations before process-oriented studies can effectively evaluate ice microphysical parameterizations.
Comparison of aerosol properties retrieved using GARRLiC, LIRIC, and Raman algorithms applied to multi-wavelength LIDAR and sun/sky-photometer data
Authors: Bovchaliuk V. , Goloub P. , Podvin T. , Veselovskii I. , Tanre D. , Chaikovsky A. , Dubovik O. , Mortier A. , Lopatin A. , Korenskiy M. , Victori S.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Aerosol particles are important and highly variable components of the terrestrial atmosphere, and they affect both air quality and climate. In order to evaluate their multiple impacts, the most important requirement is to precisely measure their characteristics. Remote sensing technologies such as LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) and sun/sky-photometers are powerful tools for determining aerosol optical and microphysical properties. In our work, we applied several methods to joint or separate LIDAR and sun/sky-photometer data to retrieve aerosol properties. The Raman technique and inversion with regularization use only LIDAR data. The LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) and recently developed GARRLiC (Generalized Aerosol Retrieval from Radiometer and LIDAR Combined data) inversion methods use joint LIDAR and sun/sky-photometer data. This paper presents a comparison and discussion of aerosol optical properties (extinction coefficient profiles and LIDAR ratios) and microphysical properties (volume concentrations, complex refractive index values, and effective radius values) retrieved using the above-mentioned methods. The comparison showed inconsistencies in the retrieved LIDAR ratios. However, other aerosol properties were found to be generally in close agreement with the AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) products. It future studies, more cases should be analysed in order to clearly define the peculiarities in our results.
Effects of climate change and land management on soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon leaching in northwestern Europe
Authors: Stergiadi Maria , van der Perk Marcel , de Nijs Ton C. M. , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Climate change and land management practices are projected to significantly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching from soils. In this modelling study, we adopted the Century model to simulate past (1906–2012), present, and future (2013–2100) SOC and DOC levels for sandy and loamy soils typical of northwestern European conditions under three land use types (forest, grassland, and arable land) and several future scenarios addressing climate change and land management change. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the Century model has been applied to assess the effects of climate change and land management on DOC concentrations and leaching rates, which, in combination with SOC, play a major role in metal transport through soil. The simulated current SOC levels were generally in line with the observed values for the different kinds of soil and land use types. The climate change scenarios result in a decrease in both SOC and DOC for the agricultural systems, whereas for the forest systems, SOC is projected to slightly increase and DOC to decrease. An analysis of the sole effects of changes in temperature and changes in precipitation showed that, for SOC, the temperature effect predominates over the precipitation effect, whereas for DOC the precipitation effect is more prominent. A reduction in the application rates of fertilisers under the land management scenario leads to a decrease in the SOC stocks and the DOC leaching rates for the arable land systems, but it has a negligible effect on SOC and DOC levels for the grassland systems. Our study demonstrated the ability of the Century model to simulate climate change and agricultural management effects on SOC dynamics and DOC leaching, providing a robust tool for the assessment of carbon sequestration and the implications for contaminant transport in soils.
Digital Carbonate Rock Physics
Authors: Saenger Erik H. , Vialle Stephanie , Lebedev Maxim , Uribe David , Osorno Maria , Duda Mandy , Steeb Holger
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Modern estimation of rock properties combines imaging with advanced numerical simulations, an approach known as Digital Rock Physics (DRP). In this paper we suggest a specific segmentation procedure of X-Ray micro-Computed Tomography data with two different resolutions for two sets of carbonate rock samples. These carbonates were already characterized in detail in a previous laboratory study which we complement with nano-indentation experiments. In a first step a non-local mean filter is applied to the raw image data. We then apply different thresholds to identify pores and solid phases. Because of a non-neglectable amount of unresolved micro-porosity (“micritic phase”) we also define intermediate phases. Based on this segmentation we determine porosity-dependent values for P- and S-wave velocities as well as for the intrinsic permeability. The porosity measured in the laboratory is then used to predict the effective rock properties for a comparison with experimental data. Anisotropy is observed for some sub-samples, but seems to be insignificant in our case. Because of the complexity of carbonates we suggest to use DRP as a complementary tool for rock characterization in addition to classical experimental methods.
Brittle grain-size reduction of feldspar, phase mixing and strain localization in granitoids at mid-crustal conditions (Pernambuco shear zone, NE Brazil)
Authors: Viegas Gustavo , Menegon Luca , Archanjo Carlos
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The Pernambuco shear zone (northeastern Brazil) is a large-scale strike-slip fault that, in its eastern segment, deforms granitoids at mid-crustal conditions. Initially coarse-grained (> 50 µm) feldspar porphyroclasts are intensively fractured and reduced to an ultrafine-grained mixture consisting of plagioclase and K-feldspar grains (< 15 µm) localized in C' shear bands. Detailed microstructural observations and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis do not show evidence of intracrystalline plasticity in feldspar porphyroclasts and/or fluid-assisted replacement reactions. Quartz occurs either as thick (∼ 1–2 mm) monomineralic veins transposed along the shear zone foliation or as thin ribbons ( ≤ 25 µm width) dispersed in the feldspathic mixture. The microstructure and c axis crystallographic-preferred orientation are similar in the thick monomineralic veins and in the thin ribbons, and they suggest dominant subgrain rotation recrystallization and activity of prism < a > and rhomb < a > slip systems. However, the grain size in monophase recrystallized domains decreases when moving from the quartz monomineralic veins to the thin ribbons embedded in the feldspathic C' bands (14 µm vs. 5 µm respectively). The fine-grained feldspar mixture has a weak crystallographic-preferred orientation interpreted as the result of shear zone parallel-oriented growth during diffusion creep, as well as the same composition as the fractured porphyroclasts, suggesting that it generated by mechanical fragmentation of rigid porphyroclasts with a negligible role of chemical disequilibrium. Once C' shear bands were generated and underwent viscous deformation at constant stress conditions, the polyphase feldspathic aggregate would have deformed at a strain rate 1 order of magnitude faster than the monophase quartz monomineralic veins, as evidenced by applying experimentally and theoretically calibrated flow laws for dislocation creep in quartz and diffusion creep in feldspar. Overall, our data set indicates that feldspar underwent a brittle-viscous transition while quartz was deforming via crystal plasticity. The resulting rock microstructure consists of a two-phase rheological mixture (fine-grained feldspars and recrystallized quartz) in which the polyphase feldspathic material localized much of the strain. Extensive grain-size reduction and weakening of feldspars is attained in the East Pernambuco mylonites mainly via fracturing which would trigger a switch to diffusion creep and strain localization without a prominent role of metamorphic reactions.
Soil microbial communities following bush removal in a Namibian savanna
Authors: Buyer Jeffrey S. , Schmidt-Küntzel Anne , Nghikembua Matti , Maul Jude E. , Marker Laurie
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Savanna ecosystems are subject to desertification and bush encroachment, which reduce the carrying capacity for wildlife and livestock. Bush thinning is a management approach that can, at least temporarily, restore grasslands and raise the grazing value of the land. In this study we examined the soil microbial communities under bush and grass in Namibia. We analyzed the soil through a chronosequence where bush was thinned at 9, 5, or 3 years before sampling. Soil microbial biomass, the biomass of specific taxonomic groups, and overall microbial community structure was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, while the community structure of Bacteria, Archaea, and fungi was determined by multiplex terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Soil under bush had higher pH, C, N, and microbial biomass than under grass, and the microbial community structure was also altered under bush compared to grass. A major disturbance to the ecosystem, bush thinning, resulted in an altered microbial community structure compared to control plots, but the magnitude of this perturbation gradually declined with time. Community structure was primarily driven by pH, C, and N, while vegetation type, bush thinning, and time since bush thinning were of secondary importance.
The Rural Market and Urban Market Integration: A Marketing Panacea to Economic Development Issues of Zimbabwe
Authors: Vutete Clever , Chigora Farai
Published: March 2016

While many Zimbabweans are searching for foreign based economic opportunities for trade and exchange, the local market can also be used as a source of adding value through identifying and capitalising on the existing domestic absolute and comparative advantages. The development of linkages between rural markets and urban markets based on agricultural produce, farm implements, manufactured products and furniture products were used as case study products for identifying and evaluating comparative advantages in this study. A quantitative approach that collected and analysed rural and urban product units and price perceptions of 40 rural peasant farmers and 20 urban business people was used. The study established the comparative advantages that outweighed transport costs in the domestic rural and urban trade opportunities. Major products that attracted comparative advantages were cattle, goats, maize, ground nuts, farm implements, furniture and packaged food products. The research was unique due to its focus on stimulating inbuilt economic development projects.
Comparison of Farmer’s Agriculture Information Channels and Farming Practice in Tanzania
Authors: Josephat Dr. Peter , Ame Ahmed
Published: March 2016

There are mixed empirical evidences on the effectiveness of Farmer Field School (FFS). The evidences on various studies vary because of the setting, evaluation methods and yardstick used. This paper aims to investigate the impact of District Agricultural Sector Investment Project (DASIP) on knowledge and productivity. The study was conducted in the area where (DASIP) operated. This covered five regions namely Kagera, Mwanza, Mara, Simiyu and Kigoma. Within those regions, the study focused on agro-ecological zone where corn was cultivated. The data was collected from 878 farmers out of 971, who were targeted. Among them, 359 were participant and 519 were non-participant farmers. This study employed a five-stage sampling technique. The findings show that the effects of DASIP on participating farmers are very little as they resemble non-participating farmers in terms of knowledge and farming practices. Despite that, non-participating farmers are 8.724 times the odds of corn yield not to increase compared to participating farmers. Based on findings, it may recommended that, agriculture programmes should run smoothly by providing technical and financial commitment to improve the performance of extension officers.
Shock wave Lithotripsy in the Elderly: Our Experience Related to Literature Review
Authors: Paparella Stefano , Varisco Daniela , Spinelli Matteo Giulio , Cozzi Gabriele , Grasso Angelica AC , Gelosa Marco , Talso Michele , Rahman Davide Abed El , Palumbo Carlotta , Zanetti Giampaolo , Maggioni Augusto , Rocco Francesco
Published: March 2016

Background

The more and more common use of abdominal ultrasonography and of other imaging techniques, the increase of the life expectancy and therapies for calcium metabolism, has led to a higher diagnosis rate of renal stones in the elderly. At the moment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is considered the first-line therapy in the majority of reno-ureteral stones.

Objectives

To prove the efficacy and safety of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy also in the elderly population.

Materials and Methods

We proceeded to a retrospective study on patients aged over 70 years, who underwent SWL at our division from January 1996 to April 2005, with Storz Modulith SLX electromagnetic lithotripter. We defined as 'stone-free those patients who did not show any stone fragment in the following ultrasonography and abdomen X-ray control. In addition, we performed a medium/long-term follow-up. We adopted as “control group” 115 patients aged less than 60 years, who underwent lithotripsy with the same lithotripter from June 2007 to January 2008.

Results

In the short-term follow-up, at the end of the single treatment or of the course of treatments (1-3 months after treatment), we observed: 72.1% (83/115) stone-free subjects, 20% (23/115) of cases with stone fragments that could be eliminated (<4 mm), 3.5% (4/115) with stone fragments >4 mm, 4.3% (5/115) unchanged cases; 2 of these (1.7%) underwent endoscopic lithotripsy and one percutaneous lithotripsy (0.9%). Concerning the medium/long-term follow-up (mean 59.2 months, range 7 mo-108 mo), we observed: 59.8% (67/112) stone-free cases, 25.9% (29/112) recurring stones, 11.6% (13/112) re-growth, 2,7% (3/112) unchanged cases. In the short-term follow-up, comparing the study group with the control one we observed: – No statistically significant difference regarding the treatment side effects in the two groups; – A lower stone-free percentage in caliceal stones in the elderly than in the younger patients (SFR = 62.5% vs 70.3%) – A stone-free percentage for non-caliceal stones similar in the older and the young patients (SFR = 79.1% vs 80.4%).

Conclusions

Shock wave lithotripsy proves to be effective in the first-line treatment of renal stones in the elderly, yielding good results with no increase of side effects.
Energy supplementation in Santa Inês sheep subjected to estrus induction treatment
Authors: Venturi Sabrina Silva , Fonseca Jeferson Ferreira da , Ribeiro Ana Clara Sarzedas , Rogério Marcos Claudio Pinheiro , Oliveira Juliana De , Araújo Alexandre Ribeiro , Souza-Fabjan Joanna Maria Gonçalves , Brandão Felipe Zandonadi
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 20% increase in dietary energy during short-term estrus induction treatment on the reproductive parameters of Santa Inês ewes. Females (n=43) were allocated into two experimental groups according to the amount of energy inclusion in the diet: maintenance diet or maintenance diet plus 20% energy. Ultrasound examinations were performed in order to detect ovulation. To assess sexual behavior, ewes were teased and further mated. Blood samples were collected for the determination of glucose and insulin concentrations. There was no difference (P>0.05) between groups in the following categories: ovulation rate (80.00% vs. 60.00%), largest follicle diameter (6.00 ± 0.20 vs. 5.90 ± 0.60), interval from device removal to ovulation (52.80 ± 14.87 vs. 59.01 ± 8.34 hours), animals in estrus (75.00% vs. 65.21%), interval from device removal to estrus (30.00 ± 15.49 vs. 30.00 ± 13.35 hours) and conception rate (50.00% vs. 21.73%). There were differences (P<0.05) in the concentrations of insulin and glucose. It can be concluded that the 20% increase in energy in the diet during short-term estrus induction treatment did not affect the reproductive parameters studied.
(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) fed with Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Oliveira Robério De , Barbosa Vinícius De Oliveira , Vieira Daniele Lavra , Oliveira Flávia Queiroz de , Batista Jacinto De Luna , Brito Carlos Henrique de
Published: March 2016

This study evaluated the development and reproduction of Ceraeochrysa cubana when fed the citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – Areia/PB. It used a completely randomized design. The study was conducted in climate chambers, regulated to 26 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 70 ± 10% with a 12 h photoperiod. The treatments were as follows: eggs, nymphs of only the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th instars, and nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) of A. woglumi, with eggs of Sitotroga cerealella as a control. The 1st instar of C. cubana lasted 5.8 to 10.7 days, the 2nd instar lasted 6.0 to 13.3 days, and the 3rd instar lasted 8.2 to 18.5 days. The larvae of C. cubana did not survive when the food provided was only the eggs of A. woglumi, since the predator could not eat them. C. cubana, when provided nymphs of multiple instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instars) of the citrus blackfly, had a shorter pre-pupal period and lower longevity than when consuming the eggs of S. cerealella, but the sex ratio and oviposition period were not affected. However, changes occurred in the pre-oviposition period, the total number of eggs, and the number of viable eggs.
Gonadorelina no início e/ou no final do protocolo de sincronização da ovulação a base de progesterona e benzoato de estradiol em fêmeas Nelore
Authors: Campos Carla Cristian , Oliveira Mayara , Mohallem Renata De Freitas Ferreira , Santos Ricarda Maria dos
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da gonadorelina (GnRH) utilizada para sincronização da emergência da onda de crescimento folicular e para indução da ovulação sincronizada ou em ambos sobre a taxa de concepção (TC) de vacas da raça Nelore. O experimento foi realizado em duas fazendas no Vale do Araguaia, MT. A avaliação do escore de condição corporal (ECC) e a ultrassonografia para determinação da condição dos ovários [folículo com diâmetro < 10 mm, ? 10 mm ou presença de corpo lúteo (CL)] foram realizadas no início (Dia 0) do protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Vacas multíparas (n = 494) foram submetidas ao protocolo: Dia 0 – inserção do dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (P4, DIB®, MSD) utilizado previamente por oito ou 16 dias e aplicação IM de 2,0 mg de Benzoato de Estradiol (BE, Gonadiol®, MSD); Dia 8 – remoção do dispositivo, aplicação IM de 300 UI de Gonadotrofina Coriônica Equina (eCG, Folligon®, MSD), de 1,0 mg de Cipionato de Estradiol (ECP®, Zoetis) e de 0,265 mg de Cloprostenol Sódico (PGF2?, Ciosin®, MSD); Dia 10 – IATF, realizada por um único inseminador. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: controle (n = 126), GnRH D0 (n = 123), GnRH D10 (n = 123) e GnRH D0 + D10 (n = 122), sendo que os animais tratados com GnRH receberam 50 mcg de gonadorelina (GnRH, Cystorelin®, Merial). O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia 39 ± 10 dias após a IATF. As variáveis foram analisadas pelo procedimento GLIMMIX do programa SAS (P < 0,05). Verificou-se uma TC geral de 42,71%. Não foi detectado efeito dos tratamentos sobre a TC (P = 0,2482), que foi de 36,89% ± 0,19 (47/126) para o grupo controle, 46,08% ± 0,19 (56/123) para GnRH D0, 48,30% ± 0,18 (61/123) para GnRH D10 e de 38,48% ± 0,19 (47/122) para GnRH D0 + D10. Observou-se efeito da variável fazenda, sendo que na Fazenda A a TC foi de 47,32% ± 0,13 e na Fazenda B de 38,24% ± 0,13 (P = 0,0249). Não foi verificado efeito das interações entre fazenda e tratamento (P = 0,7662), nem entre condição ovariana e tratamento (P = 0,1225) sobre a TC. Vacas com folículos < 10 mm apresentaram menor TC (16,44% ± 0,08; P = 0,0001), quando comparadas às vacas com folículos ? 10 mm (46,15% ± 0,07) e vacas com CL (48,35% ± 0,07). Conclui-se que a utilização de gonadorelina para sincronização da emergência da onda de crescimento folicular e/ou como indutor da ovulação nos protocolos de IATF não promove incremento na taxa de concepção de vacas da raça Nelore.
Efeito da concentração de bactérias probióticas como imunomodulador da produção de anticorpos antirrábicos em bovinos vacinados
Authors: Vizzotto-Martino Renata Maria Bottino , Bonancéa Cristina Cecilia Augusto Vella , Geroti Thaís Cristina de Souza , Frazati-Gallina Neuza Maria , Pardo Paulo Eduardo , Bremer-Neto Hermann
Published: March 2016

Esse estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação de uma associação de microrganismos probióticos, adicionados à mistura mineral em diferentes doses, na produção de anticorpos séricos antirrábicos em bovinos primovacinados. Os Quarenta e dois bovinos Nelore machos, com idade de 12 meses, foram divididos em três grupos (n=14): grupo controle (GC) recebeu 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia; grupos probiótico 2 gramas (G2P) e 8 gramas (G8P) receberam 70 gramas de mistura mineral/animal/dia adicionados respectivamente de 2 e 8 gramas de probióticos (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, Bifidobacterium thermophilum e Bifidobacterium longum). títulos individuais de anticorpos antirrábicos foram determinados por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em células baseado no rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados pelo teste t não pareado, com 5% de nível de significância. Houve diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as médias de concentrações séricas entre os grupos GC e G8P, após 30 e 60 dias da primovacinação e após 60 dias, somente o G8P manteve 100% com títulos de anticorpos protetores mínimos. Houve também melhora na produção de anticorpos no grupo G2P em relação ao GC, após 30 e 60 dias, porém não significativa. Conclui-se que as doses crescentes de probiótico adicionadas na mineral interferiram beneficamente na resposta imune humoral antirrábica, determinada pela concentração sérica de anticorpos, assim como permitiu a manutenção por um período maior os títulos protetores mínimos nos bovinos primovacinados.
Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in horses from the coastal and mountain mesoregions of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Authors: Moura Anderson Barbosa , Matiello João Pedro , Silva Marcio Orides da , Souza Antonio Pereira de , Sartor Amélia Aparecida
Published: March 2016

A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose parasitária, causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii. Os equinos estão entre as espécies domésticas mais resistentes à infecção, porém, em infecções agudas, podem apresentar sintomas como hiperirritabilidade, incoordenação motora, distúrbios oculares e aborto. Com os objetivos de determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra T. gondii, identificar possíveis fatores de risco para a infecção em cavalos e a correlação da infecção toxoplásmica com distúrbios reprodutivos e/ou neurológicos, em animais de duas mesorregiões do estado de Santa Catarina (Serrana e Litorânea), 615 amostras de sangue (311 provenientes da região serrana e 304 do litoral) foram colhidas. Um questionário epidemiológico foi aplicado para a identificação de possíveis fatores de risco. A pesquisa de anticorpos foi realizada por meio da Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI ?1:64) utilizando como antígeno taquizoítos da cepa RH do protozoário. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes exato de Fischer e do ?2 para verificar correlação (P<0,05) entre soropositividade e as variáveis analisadas (Raça; Sexo; Idade; Dieta Principal; Contato com outros animais; Desordens reprodutivas e/ou neurológicas e procedência). A ocorrência geral de animais positivos foi de 10,4% (64/615), com as regiões Serrana e Litorânea apresentando 10,3% e 10,5% de animais positivos, respectivamente. A recíproca dos títulos observada foi: 1:64 (36), 1:256 (26) e 1:1024 (2). Não foi observada diferença (P>0,05) entre as regiões e nem correlação entre a soropositividade e as variáveis analisadas.
Limit of detection of Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally contaminated bovine milk
Authors: Pereira Edlayne Larissa Gretter Machado , Santarém Vamilton Alvares , Batista Aline Da Silveira , Merigueti Yslla Fitz , Bin Lundia Luara Cavalcante
Published: March 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o limite de detecção de larvas de Toxocara canis em leite bovino comercial contaminado experimentalmente, a partir de uma técnica de centrifugo-sedimentação. Primeiramente, amostras de leite bovino comercial (integral e desnatado) foram contaminadas com 50 larvas de T. canis, para avaliação da interferência da gordura sobre a recuperação das larvas. Em uma segunda etapa, foi avaliada a ação de formalina 10% (100 ?L), éter (100 ?L) e combinação das soluções. A terceira etapa consistiu da verificação do limite de detecção de larvas, com uso da melhor solução desengordurante (etapa 2), em amostras de leite (1,0 mL) contendo 1; 5; 10; 25 e 50 larvas. Para cada análise de detecção do leite (1,0 mL), foram realizadas 15 repetições. Foi observado que o percentual de recuperação de larvas no leite desnatado foi significativamente maior (p= 0,0031) que o observado no leite integral. Na comparação das soluções, não houve diferença significativa (p= 0,5681) no percentual de larvas recuperadas. Entretanto, houve uma maior recuperação quando do emprego da combinação de formol-éter (73,1%) em relação ao éter (71,9%), ao formol (67,6%) e ao leite integral puro (70,0%). Em relação ao limite de detecção, com uso de formalina-éter, todas as alíquotas apresentaram resultado positivo (mínimo de 62,7% de larvas recuperadas), para as amostras com 5, 10, 25 e 50 larvas. Nas amostras contaminadas com uma larva, 66,7% das alíquotas foram positivas. A técnica apresentada poderá servir para recuperação de larvas de Toxocara spp. em amostras de leite de várias espécies animais, contaminados naturalmente ou experimentalmente.
Efeito do tipo de fixador e tempo de fixação na morfologia de folículos pré-antrais equinos
Authors: Búfalo Isabela , González Suellen Miguez , Silva Camila Bizarro , Lindquist Andressa Guidugli , Bergamo Larissa Zamparone , Costa Camila Bortoliero , Marinho Luciana Simões Rafagnin , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: March 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia dos fixadores teciduais Bouin, Carnoy ou Formol 10% em fragmentos ovarianos equinos. Ovários (n=4) de éguas, sem raça definida, foram obtidos de abatedouro local e transportados em recipiente térmico a 20 ºC. Imediatamente após a coleta, os ovários foram lavados com solução de PBS modificado (Cultilab®, Campinas-SP, Brasil), e divididos em nove fragmentos com aproximadamente 5x5x1 mm, retirados do parênquima de cada ovário. Em seguida, os fragmentos ovarianos foram imersos em um dos três diferentes fixadores, Bouin (B), Carnoy (C) ou Formol 10% (F), por 6, 12 ou 24 horas. Cada fragmento foi acondicionado individualmente em um frasco contendo aproximadamente 20 vezes o volume da solução fixadora. Após este período, foram mantidos em álcool 70% por 24 horas. Para cada fixador e tempo foram realizadas quatro réplicas. No processamento histológico, os fragmentos foram desidratados em concentrações crescentes de álcool, diafanizados em xilol e incluídos em parafina. Em seguida, foram feitos cortes seriados de 5 ?m em micrótomo rotativo (Leica®, Wetzlar-Alemanha), seguidos da montagem de lâminas e coloração com ácido periódico de Schiff (PAS) e hematoxilina. Foram avaliadas 540 lâminas com 1.620 cortes histológicos, contendo 465 folículos pré-antrais que foram classificados como íntegros ou degenerados. A degeneração foi detectada pela presença de pelo menos um dos seguintes aspectos: retração do citoplasma, núcleo picnótico, vacúolos citoplasmáticos, deslocamento das células da granulosa e/ou rompimento da membrana basal. Um teste de regressão logística foi utilizado para a análise estatística, e as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. O fixador Carnoy utilizado por 24 horas proporcionou as melhores condições de integridade morfológica (53,3%; 32/60) em relação aos demais, sendo Boiun por 24 h o tratamento menos eficaz (19,1%; 9/47). Os demais tratamentos apresentaram os resultados a seguir: C12h 50% (30/60), C6h 40% (24/60), F24h 37,8% (17/45), F12h 35,1% (13/37), F6h 32% (16/50), B12h 30,5% (18/59) e B6h 24,4% (11/45). Portanto, sugerimos que a fixação de tecido ovariano equino com Carnoy por 24 horas é o mais indicado para preservação morfológica de folículos pré-antrais.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from domestic and wild animal species in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Carlos Augusto De , Silva Rodrigo Otávio Silveira , Diniz Amanda Nadia , Pires Prhiscylla Sadanã , Salvarani Felipe Masiero , Assis Ronnie Antunes de , Lobato Francisco Carlos Faria
Published: March 2016

Clostridium perfringens é um microrganismo comumente encontrado na microbiota de seres humanos e animais e potencial causador de enfermidades entéricas, musculares ou neurológicas. O tratamento das enfermidades é baseado em terapia antimicrobiana, sendo de extrema importância conhecer o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das estirpes presentes na região em questão. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade de estirpes de C. perfringens isolados de animais domésticos e carnívoros silvestres no Brasil frente a sete diferentes antimicrobianos. Foram utilizados 41 isolados originários de bezerros (n = 12), búfalos (n = 2), caprinos (n = 3), cães (n = 12) e espécies de carnívoros silvestres (n = 12). A concentração inibitória minima foi determinada pelo método de diluição seriada em agar, utilizando-se o agar Brucella suplementado com 5% de sangue ovino, 0,1% de vitamina K, 0,1% de hemina e concentrações variando de 0,25 a 256,0 mg L-1 dos seguintes antimicrobianos: eritromicina, florfenicol, metronidazol, oxitetraciclina, penicilina, tilosina e vancomicina. Todas as estirpes de C. perfringens testadas foram sensíveis ao florfenicol, metronidazol, penicilina e vancomicina. Dois isolados (4,9 %) foram resistentes a eritromicina e a tilosina, enquanto que cinco (12,2 %) estirpes foram resistentes a oxitetraciclina, sendo uma delas (2,4 %) proveniente de uma jaguatirica.
Pathological and immunohistochemical findings of a case of canine chagasic myocarditis in the state of Mato Grosso
Authors: Pimentel Luciano Da Anunciação , Igarashi Michelle , Gomes Ana Helena Benetti , Muraro Livia Saab , Santos Marcelo Diniz , Coelho Janice Mery Chicarino de Oliveira , Camargo Lázaro Manoel de , Ferreira Luiz Claudia
Published: March 2016

Dogs are as considered important reservoirs of trypanosomiasis and play a vital role in maintaining the interaction between the domestic and wild cycles of this disease. This paper reports the clinical and pathological findings of a case of Chagas disease myocarditis in a dog from an urban area in Brazil. During clinical examination, the animal showed apathy, weakness and pale ocular mucous and died shortly after. Necropsy revealed ascites, hydrothorax and hydropericardium. The heart was remarkably globoid with scattered multifocal pale in the epicardium and ventricular miocardium and dilated chambers. Histological analysis revealed non-suppurative myocarditis and cardiomyocyte necrosis. The sarcoplasms of cardiomyocytes were frequently infiltrated by T. cruzi pseudocysts filled with amastigotes. The myocardium immunostained positive for anti-T. cruzi antibody. The presence of Chagas disease in a dog from an urban area increases the risk of disease transmission to man, which renders this diagnosis a matter of significant public health concern. Dogs are as considered important reservoirs of trypanosomiasis and play a vital role in maintaining the interaction between the domestic and wild cycles of this disease. This paper reports the clinical and pathological findings of a case of Chagas disease myocarditis in a dog from an urban area in Brazil. During clinical examination, the animal showed apathy, weakness and pale ocular mucous and died shortly after. Necropsy revealed ascites, hydrothorax and hydropericardium. The heart was remarkably globoid with scattered multifocal pale in the epicardium and ventricular miocardium and dilated chambers. Histological analysis revealed non-suppurative myocarditis and cardiomyocyte necrosis. The sarcoplasms of cardiomyocytes were frequently infiltrated by T. cruzi pseudocysts filled with amastigotes. The myocardium immunostained positive for anti-T. cruzi antibody. The presence of Chagas disease in a dog from an urban area increases the risk of disease transmission to man, which renders this diagnosis a matter of significant public health concern.
Ruminal degradability of agro-industrial fruit residues
Authors: Braga Alexandre Paula , Amâncio Antonia Vilma de Andrade Ferreira , Gonçalves Josemir De Souza , Assis Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes , Souza Cicília Maria Silva , Maia Isaac Sydney Alves da Silva , Guerra Danillo Glaydson Farias
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of fruit residues. Three fistulated sheep were held collectively in a pen, and fed daily with the studied residues in a diet consisting of canarana grass (Echinochloa pyramidalis) and a concentrate of corn and soybeans. The animals were allowed an adjustment period of seven days. The residues were dried in the sun, crushed in a forage machine, sorted using a 4.0-mm sieve, and incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h using nonwoven bags (weight 60g/m2, 14 ×12 cm²). Chemical analyses of the residues were performed using a randomized block experimental design with split plots. The cherimoya and tamarind residues showed the highest concentrations of CP (12.66% and 11.79%) the ether extract of cherimoya residue was the highest at 22.30%stands out the sour soup residue. The cashew and guava residues showed the highest levels of lignin (22.13 and 18.34%). The effective degradability of DM for the pineapple and tamarind residues to a passage rate of 5%/h were 53.04% and 42.61%, respectively. The guava, cherimoya, and cashew residues showed lower values at 19.16%, 26.86%, and 29.21%, respectively. The cherimoya, guava and pineapple residues showed the highest values of potential degradability for CP at 87%, 81%, 86.02% and 90.94%, respectively, with an average effective degradability of 50.0% at the rate of 5%/h. The pineapple (35.38%) and tamarind residues (34.49%) showed higher values of the effective degradability of NDF at a passage rate of 5%/h. Among the studied residues, the pineapple residue showed the greatest potential for use in animal feed based on chemical composition and rates of degradability.
Performance and economic analysis of finished lambs in feedlot
Authors: Oliveira Euclides Reuter de , Monção Flávio Pinto , Gabriel Andréa Maria de Araújo , Abreu Felipe De Souza Santos , Moura Lais Valenzuela , Nascimento Felipe De Almeida , Carbonari Vadim Milani de Souza , Figueiredo Thais Assad Galharte
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to evaluate animal performance and economic performance of feedlot crossbred lambs (½ Santa Inês+ ½ Suffolk) fed different diets based on hay from Cynodon dactylon genotypes, through the use of financial measures considering only the period of confinement, without relating it to the complete management cycle. A total of 30 intact crossbred Suffolk lambs, identified with earrings, with an average age of 90 days and an average body weight of 21.5 kg were used in this study. Diets were formulated using as treatments a standard concentrate and hay of the Cynodon dactylon genotypes Jiggs, Vaquero, Tifton 68, Coast-Cross, Tifton 85 and Russell in a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio. The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. There were significant differences between diets in terms of total expenditure on food, and the highest values were obtained for the Jiggs genotype (BRL 48.96/animal). The animals fed diets based on Tifton 68 hay had a higher rate of return (2.16%) and profitability (34.63%) compared to the other diets. The use of diets based on Tifton 68 hay for feedlot lambs in the finishing phase brings higher economic returns compared to the remaining diets.
Characteristics of carcasses and meat from feedlot lambs fed with sunflower cake
Authors: Oliveira Euclides Reuter de , Monção Flávio Pinto , Gabriel Andréa Maria de Araújo , Fernandes Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes , Nascimento Felipe De Almeida , Abreu Felipe De Souza , Silva Leandro Do Valle Mendes da , Silva Loan Henrique Pereira da
Published: March 2016

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the characteristics of the carcasses and meat of feedlot lambs that received diets supplemented with sunflower cake; correlations among the variables were also performed. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four treatments (sunflower cake added at 0, 10, 20, and 30% dry matter to the base diet) and seven replications per treatment. The diets were formulated with genotypes of Cynodon hay and corn- and soybean meal-based concentrate that were premixed at the ratio of 50:50 (hay:concentrate) and were fed to the lambs in two portions daily at 08:00 and 14:00. The feed conversion of the animals was adversely affected (P<0.05) by the increase in the feedlot period in the individual stalls. For each additional day of confinement, the feed conversion increased by 0.0096 kg DM/kg of weight gain. Based on the linear regression model for the average loin pH, one hour after slaughter, the pH was reduced by 0.04 units. The marginal change in pH between the longest and the shortest times after slaughter was 14.11%. The weights of the animals at slaughter were not significantly correlated with the carcass yields. Sunflower cake is a suitable dietary supplement for lambs in intensive production systems and can be a substitute for soybean meal at up to 20%.