bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clinical MALDI-ToF Mass spectrometry assay for SARS-CoV-2: Rational design and multi-disciplinary team work
Authors: Iles Ray K , Zmuidinaite Raminta , Iles Jason K , Carnell George , Sampson Alex , Heeney Jonathan L
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus has stretched national testing capacities to breaking points in almost all countries of the world. The need to rapidly screen vast numbers of a country’s population in order to control the spread of the infection is paramount. However, the logistical requirement for reagent supply (and associated cost) of RT-PCR based testing (the current front-line test) have been hugely problematic. Mass spectrometry-based methods using swab and gargle samples have been reported with promise, but have not approached the task from a systematic analysis of the entire diagnostic process. Here, the pipeline from sample processing, the biological characteristics of the pathogen in human biofluid, the downstream bio- and physical-chemistry and the all-important data processing with clinical interpretation and reporting, are carefully compiled into a single high throughput and reproducible rapid process.

Utilizing MALDI-ToF mass spectrometric detection to viral envelope glycoproteins in a systems biology – multidisciplinary team approach, we have achieved a multifaceted clinical MALDI ToF MS screening test, primarily (but not limited to) SARS-CoV-2, with direct applicable to other future epidemics/pandemics that may arise.

The clinical information generated not only includes SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus detection – (Spike protein fragments S1, S2b, S2a peaks), but other respiratory viral infections detected as well as an assessment of generalised oral upper respiratory immune response (elevated total Ig light chain peak) and a measure of the viral immune response (elevated intensity of IgA heavy chain peak).

The advantages of the method include; 1) ease of sampling, 2) speed of analysis, and much reduced cost of testing. These features reveal the diagnostic utility of MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry as a powerful and economically-attractive global solution.

Abstract graphic
Too much too many: comparative analysis of morabine grasshopper genomes reveals highly abundant transposable elements and rapidly proliferating satellite DNA repeats
Authors: Palacios-Gimenez Octavio M. , Koelman Julia , Flores Marc Palmada , Bradford Tessa M. , Jones Karl K. , Cooper Steven J. B. , Kawakami Takeshi , Suh Alexander
Published: August 2020

Background

The repeatome, the collection of repetitive DNA sequences represented by transposable elements (TEs) and tandemly repeated satellite DNA (satDNAs), is found in high proportion in organisms across the tree of life. Grasshoppers have large genomes (average 9 Gb), containing large amounts of repetitive DNA which has hampered progress in assembling reference genomes. Here we combined linked-read genomics with transcriptomics to assemble, characterize, and compare the structure of the repeatome and its contribution to genome evolution, in four chromosomal races of the morabine grasshopperVandiemenella viaticaspecies complex.

Results

We obtained linked-read genome assemblies of 2.73-3.27 Gb from estimated genome sizes of 4.26-5.07 Gb DNA per haploid genome of the four chromosomal races ofV. viatica. These constitute the third largest insect genomes assembled so far (the largest being two locust grasshoppers). Combining complementary annotation tools and manual curation, we found a large diversity of TEs and satDNAs constituting 66 to 75 % per genome assembly. A comparison of sequence divergence within the TE classes revealed massive accumulation of recent TEs in all four races (314-463 Mb per assembly), indicating that their large genome size is likely due to similar rates of TE accumulation across the four races. Transcriptome sequencing showed more biased TE expression in reproductive tissues than somatic tissues, implying permissive transcription in gametogenesis. Out of 129 satDNA families, 102 satDNA families were shared among the four chromosomal races, which likely represent a repertoire of satDNA families in the ancestor of theV. viaticachromosomal races. Notably, 50 of these shared satDNA families underwent differential proliferation since the recent diversification of theV. viaticaspecies complex.

Conclusion

In-depth annotation of the repeatome in morabine grasshoppers provided new insights into the genome evolution of Orthoptera. Our TEs analysis revealed a massive recent accumulation of TEs equivalent to the size of entireDrosophilagenomes, which likely explains the large genome sizes in grasshoppers. Although the TE and satDNA repertoires were rather similar between races, the patterns of TE expression and satDNA proliferation suggest rapid evolution of grasshopper genomes on recent timescales.
Simultaneous transcriptome and methylome profiles of single mouse oocytes provide novel insights on maturation and aging
Authors: Qian Yan , Cao Qin , Liao Jinyue , Luk Chun Shui , Suen Ashley Hoi Ching , Lee Annie Wing Tung , Chan Ting Hei Thomas , Ng Judy Kin Wing , Tang Nelson Leung Sang , Chung Hoi Sze , Chow King Lau , Leung Tak Yeung , Chen Ching-Hung , Yang Wen-Jui , Huang Jack Yu Jen , Chan Wai-Yee , Chan David Yiu Leung , Li Tin Chiu , Yip Kevin Y. , Lee Tin-Lap
Published: August 2020

Background

Advanced maternal aging has become a worldwide public health issue that contributes to female fertility decline and significant risk to embryo development. Despite transcriptional and epigenetic alterations reported in oocyte maturation and development, the dynamics of gene expression and DNA dynamics associated with aging remain elusive. Here we generated simultaneous transcriptome and methylome profiles of mouse oocytes during aging and maturation at single-cell and single-base resolution to examine key biological processes and identify the key targets for novel treatment options.

Results

We report the dynamics in transcriptome and DNA methylome in mouse oocytes during maternal aging and oocyte maturation. Age-associated gene expression changes showed mitochondrial dysfunction in GV oocytes and defects of chromosome segregation and spindle assembly in MII oocytes. EIF2 signaling protein synthesis pathway was also impaired during aged oocyte maturation. Moreover, distinctive DNA methylation patterns were demonstrated during maternal aging in GV and MII oocytes. A positive correlation between gene expression and methylation in gene body was characterized. Furthermore, we identified several promising biomarkers, including IL-7, to assess oocyte quality, which are potential therapeutic targets for improve oocyte maturation. More importantly, we built the first mouse oocyte maturation and age prediction model using transcriptome data and validated its feasibility in published data.

Conclusions

This work provides a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms during mouse oocyte aging, points a new direction of oocyte quality assessment, and paves the way for developing novel treatments to improve oocyte maturation and quality in the future.
Linking genomic signatures of selection to expression variation and direct evidence of local adaptation
Authors: Price Nicholas , Mullen Jack L. , Lin Junjiang , Boucher Christina , McKay John K.
Published: August 2020

Understanding how genomic and expression variation is linked to adaptation of plants to local environments is fundamental to the fields of evolutionary biology and species conservation. Using locally adaptedArabidopsis thalianaItaly and Sweden populations, we examine how variation in gene expression under control and cold acclimation conditions, is linked to allele frequency differentiation (AFD); linkage disequilibrium (LD); selective constraint at nonsynonymous sites; and genetic-tradeoff quantitative trait loci (GT-QTL). Our results indicate that contrary to genes showing a main effect in environment (E), expression genotype by environment interactions (GxE) show significantly higher AFD along cis-regulatory and nonsynonymous sites than the neutral expectation; and interestingly, highly differentiated GxE genes show higher expression and inter-species selective constraint than the rest of the genes. When examining the association between genomic signatures of selection along GxE/E genes and GT-QTL, we find that GxE genes showing a high AFD and LD, display a significant and much higher enrichment along GT-QTL than the genome-wide/E set of genes. Nonetheless, E genes show a higher enrichment than the genome-wide control. In summary, our results suggest, that these highly expressed and selectively constrained GxE genes, may have been part of a cold-responsive regulon of E genes that experienced recent selection when migrating to new environments. Candidate GxE genes underlying GT-QTL reveal interesting biological processes that may underlie local adaptation to temperature, including flowering time, light-dependent cold acclimation, freezing tolerance, and response to hypoxia. Finally, we find no evidence linking lower expression of the CBF-dependent freezing tolerance pathway to genetic-tradeoffs and adaptation to warmer climates.
Investigating Developmental Changes in Scalp-Cortex Correspondence Using Diffuse Optical Tomography Sensitivity in Infancy
Authors: Fu Xiaoxue , Richards John E.
Published: August 2020

Significance

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) uses near-infrared light spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure changes in cerebral hemoglobin concentration. Anatomical interpretations of NIRS data requires accurate descriptions of the cranio-cerebral relations and DOT sensitivity to the underlying cortical structures. Such information is limited for pediatric populations because they undergo rapid head and brain development.

Aim

The present study aimed to investigate age-related differences in scalp-to-cortex distance and mapping between scalp locations and cortical regions of interest (ROIs) among infants (2 weeks to 24 months with narrow age bins), children (4 and 12 years) and adults (20 to 24 years).

Approach

We used spatial scalp projection and photon propagation simulation methods with age-matched realistic head models based on MRIs.

Results

There were age-group differences in the scalp-to-cortex distances in infancy. The developmental increase was magnified in children and adults. There were systematic age-related differences in the probabilistic mappings between scalp locations and cortical ROIs.

Conclusions

Our findings have important implications in the design of sensor placement and making anatomical interpretations in NIRS and fNIRS research. Age-appropriate realistic head models should be used to provide anatomical guidance for standalone DOT data in infants.
Development of a pan-neuronal genetic driver inAedes aegyptimosquitoes
Authors: Zhao Zhilei , Tian David , McBride Carolyn S.
Published: August 2020

The mosquitoAedes aegyptiis the primary worldwide vector of arboviruses that infect humans, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Recent advances in transgenic technology have yielded important new insight into the biology of this disease vector. The early development of neurogenetic tools, in particular, is beginning to shed light on the neural basis of behaviors that allowAe. aegyptito thrive in human environments and find and bite human hosts. Despite these advances, a pan-neuronal expression driver remains elusive. Pan-neuronal drivers give researchers genetic access to all neurons and thus provide a critical entry point for circuit dissection. Here, we describe our efforts to generate pan-neuronal drivers inAe. aegyptivia targeted knock-in of in-frame reporter constructs to the native coding sequence of broadly expressed neural genes with CRISPR/Cas9. Two of five attempts were successful, resulting in aSyt1:GCaMP6sstrain that expresses synaptically-localized GCaMP in all neurons and abrp-T2A-QF2wdriver strain that can be used to drive and amplify expression of any effector in all neurons via the Q binary system. We show that both manipulations broadly and uniformly label the nervous system and have only mild effects on behavior. We envision that these strains will facilitate neurobiological research inAe. aegyptimosquitoes and provide documentation of both successful and failed manipulations as a roadmap for similar tool development in other non-model species.
Attribution of genetic engineering: A practical and accurate machine-learning toolkit for biosecurity
Authors: Alley Ethan C. , Turpin Miles , Liu Andrew Bo , Kulp-McDowall Taylor , Swett Jacob , Edison Rey , Von Stetina Stephen E. , Church George M. , Esvelt Kevin M.
Published: August 2020

The promise of biotechnology is tempered by its potential for accidental or deliberate misuse. Reliably identifying telltale signatures characteristic to different genetic designers, termedgenetic engineering attribution, would deter misuse, yet is still considered unsolved. Here, we show that recurrent neural networks trained on DNA motifs and basic phenotype can reach 70% attribution accuracy distinguishing between over 1,300 labs. To make these models usable in practice, we introduce a framework for weighing predictions against other investigative evidence using calibration, and bring our model to within 1.6% of perfect calibration. Additionally, we demonstrate that simple models can accurately predict both the nation-state-of-origin and ancestor labs, forming the foundation of an integrated attribution toolkit which should promote responsible innovation and international security alike.
Single-component multilayered self-assembling nanoparticles presenting rationally designed glycoprotein trimers as Ebola virus vaccines
Authors: He Linling , Chaudhary Anshul , Lin Xiaohe , Sou Cindy , Alkutkar Tanwee , Kumar Sonu , Ngo Timothy , Kosviner Ezra , Ozorowski Gabriel , Stanfield Robyn L. , Ward Andrew B. , Wilson Ian A. , Zhu Jiang
Published: August 2020

Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) can be recognized by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and is the main target for vaccine design. Here, we first investigate the contribution of the stalk and heptad repeat 1-C (HR1C) regions to GP metastability. Specific stalk and HR1Cmodifications in a mucin-deleted form (GPΔmuc) increase trimer yield, whereas alterations of HR1Cexert a more complex effect on thermostability. Crystal structures are determined to validate two rationally designed GPΔmuc trimers in their unliganded state. We then display a modified GPΔmuc trimer on reengineered nanoparticles that encapsulate a layer of locking domains (LD) and a cluster of helper T-cell epitopes. In mice and rabbits, GP trimers and nanoparticles elicit cross-ebolavirus NAbs, as well as non-NAbs that enhance pseudovirus infection. Repertoire sequencing reveals quantitative profiles of vaccine-induced B-cell responses. This study demonstrates a promising vaccine strategy for filoviruses, such as EBOV, based on GP stabilization and nanoparticle display.
AnEngrailed1enhancer underlies human thermoregulatory evolution
Authors: Aldea Daniel , Atsuta Yuji , Kokalari Blerina , Schaffner Stephen , Warder Bailey , Kamberov Yana
Published: August 2020

Humans rely on sweating to cool off and have the highest eccrine sweat gland density among mammals. We investigated whether altered regulation of theEngrailed 1(EN1) gene, the levels of which are critical for patterning eccrine glands during development, could underlie the evolution of this defining human trait. First, we identify fiveEN1candidate enhancers (ECEs) using comparative genomics and validation of enhancer activity in mouse skin. The human ortholog of one ECE, hECE18, contains multiple derived substitutions that together dramatically increase the activity of this enhancer in keratinocytes. Targeted repression of hECE18 reducesEN1expression in human keratinocytes, indicating hECE18 upregulatesEN1in this context. Finally, we find that hECE18 increases ectodermalEn1in a humanized knock-in mouse to increase eccrine gland number. Our study uncovers a genetic basis for the evolution of one of the most singular human adaptations and implicates the recurrent mutation of a single enhancer as a novel mechanism for evolutionary change.
Multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay developed using unique genomic regions and coupled with a lateral flow device for rapid on-site detection of genusClavibacterandC. nebraskensis
Authors: Larrea-Sarmiento Adriana , Stack James P. , Alvarez Anne M. , Arif Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Clavibacteris an agriculturally important bacterial genus comprising nine host-specific species/subspecies includingC. nebraskensis(Cn), which causes Goss’s wilt and blight of maize. A robust, simple, and field-deployable method is required to specifically detectCnin infected plants and distinguish it from otherClavibacterspecies for quarantine purposes and timely disease management. A multiplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) coupled with a Lateral Flow Device (LFD) was developed for sensitive and rapid detection ofClavibacterandCndirectly from infected host. Unique and conserved genomic regions, the ABC transporter ATP-binding protein CDS/ABC-transporter permease and the MFS transporter gene, were used to design primers/probes for specific detection of genusClavibacterandCn, respectively. The assay was evaluated using 52 strains, representing all nine species/subspecies ofClavibacter, other closely related bacterial species, and naturally- and artificially-infected plant samples; no false positives or negatives were detected. The RPA reactions were also incubated in a closed hand at body temperature; results were again specific. The assay does not require DNA isolation and can be directly performed using host sap. The detection limit of 10 pg and 100 fg was determined forClavibacter- andCn-specific primers/probes, respectively. The detection limit forCn-specific primer/probe set was decreased to 1,000 fg when 1 µL of host sap was added into the RPA reaction containing 10-fold serially diluted genomic DNA; though no effect was observed onClavibacter-specific primer/probe set. The assay is accurate and has applications at point-of-need diagnostics. This is the first multiplex RPA for any plant pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Clavibacterspecies are prevalent worldwide as have the potential to result in systemic infection. In the past, detection attempts have relied on both molecular- and immunological-based assays; however, current detection methods are time consuming and laborious. Field-deployable tests are desirable to identify potential samples infected withClavibacterspecies. This study demonstrates that the field-deployable isothermal multi-target recombinase polymerase amplification can be performed for the simultaneous detection of the genusClavibacterin general (all species), andC. nebraskensis, in particular, without specialized equipment. Additionally, the multiplex RPA coupled with a LFD may confer the benefits of faster detection and discrimination ofClavibacterspecies that affect critical regions susceptible to infection. This user-friendly format offers a flexible assay to complement both nucleic acid amplification and novel diagnosis methods without the need for DNA purification; this assay may serve as a point-of-reference for developing multiplex RPA assay for other plant pathogens.
Impulse buying in social commerce: bundle offer, top reviews, and emotional intelligence
Authors: Zafar Abaid Ullah , Qiu Jiangnan , Shahzad Mohsin , Shen Jie , Bhutto Tahseen Ahmed , Irfan Muhammad
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Considering the rapid adoption of social media among consumers and organizations, this study intends to examine the impact of online bundle promotions and contextual interactions on impulse buying as consumers encounter them synchronously. Hence, a research model is proposed with the integration of perceived transaction value, perceived acquisition values, top reviews information, impulse buying tendency and emotional intelligence following the stimulus-organism-response framework, promotional framing effect, and theory of selective attention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from the active social media members of organization pages and selling groups by utilizing the self-administered questionnaire. This study employed the partial least squares structural equation modeling to evaluate the data of 358 individuals.

Findings

Results reveal the positive impact of targeted constructs on the urge to buy impulsively with complementary partial mediation of impulse buying tendency. Besides, emotional intelligence dissuades users' impulse buying tendencies, but unexpectedly, its moderating effect is insignificant. Further, importance-performance map analysis highlights the highest importance of impulse buying tendency and better performance of perceived transaction value for the urge to buy impulsively.

Originality/value

This research is one of the early studies to explore the influence of social media advertising and contextual social factors (e.g. bundle offers and top reviews information) on impulse buying with the moderation of emotional intelligence and mediation of impulse buying tendency. This research is imperative for scholars and managers with pertinent suggestions to arouse impulse buying.
Seven-band ultra-thin terahertz metamaterial absorber at 0.3-0.5 THz frequency
Authors: A. Elakkiya , Sankararajan Radha , B.S. Sreeja
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The proposed structure consists of copper as a ground plane and 50 µm polyimide dielectric layer is placed in between the ground panel and top radiating patch. Octagon and pentagon shapes are combined to form a unit cell. This structure exhibits seven absorption peaks within the short frequency range 0.3–0.5 terahertz (THz) without any interference. Under normal incidence, this structure achieves the absorption of 96.9%, 95.3%, 98.7%, 91.7%, 96.5%, 95% and 97.8% at 0.3136 THz, 0.377 THz, 0.4060 THz, 0.4085 THz, 0.4240 THz, 0.4436 THz and 0.4648 THz, respectively. This study aims to provide a range of applications in THz dielectric sensing, thickness sensing, communications, wavelength selective radiation and detecting.

Design/methodology/approach

Multi-band THz metamaterial absorbers (MMA) from previous research are having a large unit size because of the presence of stacked layers and multiple resonators within a single unit cell. This leads to difficulty while implementing in practical applications. In this study, a new MMA has been presented at seven distinct frequencies without using stacked layers and multiple resonators.

Findings

This structure exhibits seven absorption peaks within the short frequency range 0.3–0.5 THz without any interference. Under normal incidence this structure achieves the absorption of 96.9%, 95.3%, 98.7%, 91.7%, 96.5%, 95% and 97.8% at 0.3136 THz, 0.377 THz, 0.4060 THz, 0.4085 THz, 0.4240 THz, 0.4436 THz and 0.4648 THz, respectively. The polarization and angle insensitivity of the design have been validated by numerical simulation up to 90° of oblique incidence. The effects of variation in geometrical parameters on absorption response are demonstrated. The physical mechanism of the structure is analysed by electric and magnetic field distributions. The resonant frequency ranges and the number of bands in this work are compared with previously reported papers. In THz range, this is the first time a single planar structure provides seven-band high-level absorption performance.

Originality/value

The highlights of the proposed seven-band THz MMA structure, in comparison with previous THz metamaterials, are as follows: this has a simple unit-cell structure and high resonant mechanism within the short frequency range 0.3–0.5 THz; this MMA can provide seven-band high-level absorption performance in a single planar structure for the first time in THz range; and this structure is polarization and incident angle independent in nature.
Patterns and trends in Internet of Things (IoT) research: future applications in the construction industry
Authors: Ghosh Arka , Edwards David John , Hosseini M. Reza
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides exciting opportunities for the construction industry to solve its time and resource constraints and frequent defaults. This study seeks to identify and rank the perceived importance level of principal research areas associated with the IoT and the construction industry by utilising a scientific mapping tool (i.e. VOSviewer). Such knowledge would enable key drivers for successful adoption of the IoT and digitisation technologies to be outlined. An analysis of key drivers and research trends that facilitates the development of a roadmap for applying the IoT and digital technologies in the construction sector is therefore much needed.

Design/methodology/approach

An interpretivist philosophical lens was adopted to analyse published work as secondary data, where each publication represented a unit of analysis. A total of 417 peer-reviewed journal review articles covering the IoT within the construction domain were systematically reviewed using a mixed-methods approach, utilising qualitative-scientometric analyses techniques.

Findings

The results revealed a field of study in a fledgling stage, with a limited number of experts operating somewhat in isolation and offering single-point solutions instead of taking an integrated “holistic” approach. Key publication outlets were identified and the main focus of research undertaken being in the technical areas of smart buildings, smart construction objects and environmental sustainability. The major effects of adopting the IoT within the construction industry were identified as high-speed reporting, complete process control, data explosion leading to deep data analytics, strict ethical and legal expectations. Key drivers of the IoT adoption were outlined: interoperability; data privacy and security; flexible governance structures; proper business planning and models.

Practical implications

The study benefits researchers and industry practitioners alike. For researchers, the identified gaps reveal areas of high priority in future research. For construction companies, particularly small to medium-sized businesses, the study raises awareness of the latest developments and potential applicability of the IoT in the industry. For government agencies and policymakers, this study offers a point of reference in directing the adoption of the IoT smoothly in the construction sector and provides guidelines and standards for maximising the potential benefits.

Originality/value

The study is the first scientometric review of the existing body of knowledge in the context of application of the IoT in the construction industry. Findings expose knowledge gaps in contemporary research, specifically, a broader consideration of organisational adjustments needed to accommodate the IoT usage, economic analyses and impediments to wider acceptance.
Standing at the crossroads: the vulnerabilities of Australian business schools
Authors: Hogan Owen , Kortt Michael A. , Charles Michael B.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To identify key factors that are contributing to vulnerability in business schools in Australian public universities and determine the degree of vulnerability exhibited by these schools.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a multi-criteria assessment (MCA) approach, a framework is developed to determine which business schools are most vulnerable to disruptions and uncertainty.

Findings

The findings show a lack of preparedness on the part of many business schools, particularly those relying heavily on international students.

Practical implications

The implication is that business schools in Australian public universities need to diversify revenue streams and continue to seek legitimacy through external stakeholders such as employers and international accrediting bodies.

Originality/value

This study presents an empirical perspective of business schools in Australian public universities and offers valuable insights for university leaders and policymakers.
Comparing user satisfaction of older and newer on-campus accommodation buildings in Australia
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Sunindijo Riza Yosia , Mussi Eveline
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the level of occupants’ satisfaction, comparing older and newer on-campus accommodation buildings in Sydney, Australia, aiming to identify their comfort factors deficiencies in terms of design and construction solutions/strategies (e.g. spatial arrangements, materials, thermal comfort).

Design/methodology/approach

A post occupancy evaluation survey was used to assess the occupant satisfaction with three on-campus accommodation buildings in The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney. One of the selected buildings is an older building opened for occupation in 1996, and the other two are more recent on campus accommodations buildings. The survey included 11 post occupancy evaluation elements identified through literature review which were categorised into three dimensions: technical, functional and behavioural.

Findings

The results show that the satisfaction levels with thermal and acoustic comfort were below standards for both older and newer buildings. In addition, the older building used in this study was rated low in terms of: indoor air quality, lighting, maintenance and management, vertical transportation facility, room layout and furniture quality, building layout and aesthetics and level of privacy. Such factors related to both functional and behavioural dimensions were of greater satisfaction in newer buildings.

Practical implications

Findings suggest the high priority of strategies that address and improve the thermal and acoustic comfort of older and newer on-campus accommodation buildings if the intention is to enhance students’ satisfaction, especially considering the impact that these facilities have on students’ performance. Thermal performance in different seasons and adaptive thermal comfort activities should be considered in the design of new on-campus accommodation buildings and the retrofit of existing old buildings.

Originality/value

On-campus accommodation is an important facility that supports student learning outcomes and helps students adapt in a new learning environment. A post occupancy evaluation study to assess the adequacy of this facility is still lacking because previous studies have generally focussed on class rooms and work spaces in the education sector. This research compares the user satisfaction of older and newer on-campus accommodation buildings in Australia, to highlight deficiencies and areas for improvement in the design of existing and future buildings.
Transnational ties and performance of immigrant firms: evidence from Central Italy
Authors: Brzozowski Jan , Cucculelli Marco
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of transnational business ties (i.e. ties with the country of origin) and to investigate their impact on the economic performance of immigrant firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the representative survey conducted among 259 foreign-born immigrant entrepreneurs in Marche region (Central Italy), the study investigates the determinants of having transnational ties with countries of origin. Then it compares the effect of transnational ties and the effect of alternative domestic ethnic business ties on the performance of immigrant firms.

Findings

This study demonstrates that having transnational ties is more likely for individuals with former entrepreneurial experience in the home countries and with higher education acquired in Italy. The performance of immigrant firms in the 2014–2016 period (measured by the level of revenues) is positively related to transnational ties – this effect is very strong and significant. On the other hand, reliance on the domestic ethnic ties (i.e. ties with co-ethnic population in Italy) is one of the key factors that inhibits further growth of immigrant enterprises.

Originality/value

This study advances the understanding of how immigrant entrepreneurs create transnational business ties with their home countries. Additionally, this research contributes to the existing literature on immigrant entrepreneurship, by explaining the role of heterogeneous business ties: transnational connections, domestic ties with co-ethnic partners and ties with individuals from native population (in this case: Italy) for the entrepreneurial performance. Consequently, it offers recommendations for policy-makers willing to encourage entrepreneurial activities of immigrants in host countries and to their counterparts in home countries, who are planning to use the advantage diaspora entrepreneurial potential for the benefit of their economies.
The impact of subjective norms, eWOM and perceived brand credibility on brand equity: application to the higher education sector
Authors: Perera Charitha Harshani , Nayak Rajkishore , Nguyen Long Thang Van
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The growing competitive environment in which higher education institutes are immersed has caused them to strengthen their competitive position of a brand and its equity in emerging countries. However, there are several contradictions between the empirically approved determinants and the dimensions of brand equity in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural relationship between subjective norms, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), perceived brand credibility and brand equity, taking cross-culturally comparisons between Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was used to collect data from a sample of 800 undergraduates of private higher education institutions in Sri Lanka and Vietnam in 2019. These data were gathered using purposive sampling and analyzed using a structural equation model. A total of 768 questionnaires were considered valid. In testing the hypothesis and structure among the variables, structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship between subjective norms, eWOM, perceived brand credibility and brand equity for the higher education institutes in emerging countries.

Findings

For the conceptual framework, the author found that this structural equation model complies with the empirical data. The structural equation model shows that subjective norms, eWOM and perceived brand credibility were significantly related to brand equity. Perceived brand credibility was found to be the mediating variable. Further, the location was found to moderate the relationship between perceived brand credibility and brand equity, highlighting that Vietnamese students are more relying on perceived brand credibility in creating brand equity than their Sri Lankan counterparts.

Research limitations/implications

The study was conducted at private higher education institutes in Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Future research could benefit from perceptions of undergraduates in public higher education institutes. This study discusses the implications of developing branding strategies for higher education institutions.

Originality/value

The current research contributes to the services marketing and branding literature in the higher education context. The paper presents the crucial elements in building brand equity for higher education institutes to fill the existing gaps in higher education branding literature. The findings of the current study provide strategies to improve the higher education sector.
Personality and resilience characteristics of preschool principals: an iterative study
Authors: Lazaridou Angeliki
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This article reports findings from an investigation of the personality traits and resilience of a sample of preschool principals in Greece. It parallels an earlier investigation of primary school principals and compares the findings. As before, the investigation was designed to search for relationships between respondents’ personality characteristics and resilience strengths, and also for differences associated with sex, age, and years of service in the principalship. Once again, the “Big-Five Inventory” and the “Leadership Resilience Profile” were used. These outcomes, together with the demographics of the sample, suggested that Greek preschool principals may have unique dispositions, and therefore, may have unique professional-development needs and leadership preferences.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative survey was used to gather the data from a sample of 100 pre school teachers. The “Big Five Inventory” and the “Leadership Resilience Profile” were the instruments used.

Findings

It was found that the sample’s personality characteristics and resilience strengths differed somewhat from norms reported in the literature. Furthermore, the findings concerning relationships between resilience and personality did not align clearly with other researchers’ findings.

Originality/value

Resilience and personality characteristics as determinants of successful school leadership.
Organizational flexibility and project portfolio performance: the roles of innovation, absorptive capacity and environmental dynamism
Authors: Saeed Muhammad Aamir , Jiao Yuanyuan , Zahid Muhammad Mohsin , Tabassum Humaira , Nauman Shazia
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of the current study is to empirically assess the effects of organizational flexibility on project portfolio (PP) performance, with the mediating role of innovation and moderating effects of environmental dynamism (ED) and absorptive capability (AC).

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 173 manufacturing firms and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with the help of a partial least squares (PLS) approach.

Findings

Results show that innovation partially mediates the relationship between organizational flexibility and PP performance. Furthermore, the moderating effect of ED between organizational flexibility and innovation was analyzed. Additionally, AC also observed as a moderator between innovation and PP performance.

Originality/value

Based on the resource-based view, this study contributes to the literature by addressing the roles of innovation, ED and AC in the relationship between organizational flexibility and PP performance. Implications for managers also discussed in the end; for example, to be more competitive, they should incorporate flexibility into the firm to encourage innovation. It also emphasizes to select new innovative opportunities that correspondingly have effects on the PP performance.
Who is attracted and why? How agile project management influences employee's attraction and commitment
Authors: Koch Jan , Schermuly Carsten C.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

In times of market volatility and uncertainty, finding effective strategies to attract and retain individuals continues to be a challenge for organizations. Based on the psychological empowerment process (Spreitzer, 1996), this paper strives to examine if the application of agile project management could serve as such a strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

In two independent studies, the authors used an experiment with students as potential applicants (N = 121) and a field study with employees (N = 229) to test the predictive quality of agile project management for attracting individuals toward the organization.

Findings

Using structural equation modeling, the authors identified an indirect relationship between agile project management and attraction toward the organization via psychological empowerment. The authors found this relationship for potential applicants as well as employees. Furthermore, individuals high in sensation seeking are found to be more attracted toward organizations that apply agile project management than individuals low in sensation seeking.

Research limitations/implications

The findings contribute to the empowerment literature by establishing agile project management as a work structure that fosters feelings of psychological empowerment.

Practical implications

Taken together, these results suggest that agile project management can attract individuals who seek novel, complex and intense sensations. Where applicable, organizations may highlight their practice of agile project management methodologies as part of their employer brand to attract future specialists for agile projects.

Originality/value

This paper is the first to integrate the research streams on agile project management and attraction toward the organization using quantitative data.
The job resources-engagement relationship: the role of location
Authors: Halinski Michael , Harrison Jennifer A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This study investigates the moderating role of employee office location in the relationship between support-related job resources (i.e. organizational support for development, supervisor support) and work engagement among public sector employees.

Design/methodology/approach

An online questionnaire was completed by 2,206 digital services branch of public service employees in Canada. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test office location as a moderator of job resources and work engagement.

Findings

The results indicate that office location moderates the relationship between organizational support for development and work engagement, such that this relationship is stronger for head office employees. Conversely, results show office location moderates the relationship between supervisor support and work engagement, such that this relationship is stronger for regional office employees.

Research limitations/implications

The questionnaire was self-report in nature and from a single department. Future research should consider multiple sources of reporting and additional departments.

Practical implications

The current study suggests that to increase work engagement, public sector organizations need to offer head office employees more organizational support for development and regional employees more supervisor support.

Originality/value

The literature on public sector work engagement tends to study job resources as having universal effects on work engagement regardless of employees' place of work. This study suggests that certain resources matter more depending on office location.
Power and inaction: why organizations fail to address workplace bullying
Authors: Hodgins Margaret , MacCurtain Sarah , Mannix-McNamara Patricia
Published: August 2020

Purpose

Bullying affects at least one-third of the workers through either direct exposure or witnessing, both of which lead to compromised health, and as a result, reduced organizational effectiveness or productivity. However, there is very little evidence that organisations provide effective protection from bullying, and in fact, the converse appears to the case. The purpose of this paper to explore the role of both individual and organisational power in the creation and maintenance of the problem. Such an approach moves away from the specific practice of identifying “bullying” that typically engages targets and perpetrators in a dance that is really just around the edges (Sullivan, 2008) of a larger problem; a culture that permits the abuse of power and ill-treatment of workers, in both practices and through organisational politics.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper elucidates key problems with organisational response as identified in the literature and critically examines weak organisational response to workplace bullying using the power theory, arguing that while overt approaches to addressing bullying appear to be underpinned by a simplistic, functionalist understanding of power, practices on the ground are better explained by more sophisticated “second-dimension” theorists.

Findings

There is a need for organisations to move beyond the current individualistic understanding of bullying towards a more nuanced understanding of how anti-bullying policies and procedures are themselves an exercise in institutional power protecting and reinforcing dominant power structures.

Research limitations/implications

The literature from which this paper is drawn is limited to studies published in English.

Practical implications

The authors advocate a realistic assessment of the role of both individual and organisational power in the creation and maintenance of workplace bullying, as a way forward to plan appropriate intervention.

Social implications

Workplace bullying is problematic for organisations at several levels, and therefore for society.

Originality/value

That power is relevant to workplace bullying has been apparent since the work of Brodsky in 1976 and Einarsen's early work, this paper builds on a the more nuanced work of McKay (2014), D'Cruz and Noronha (2009), Liefooghe and MacDavey's (2010) and Hutchinson et al. (2010), exploring the organisational response to the raising of bullying issues by individual employees as an exercise of power.
Profitability and choice of marketing outlets: evidence from Ghana's tomato production
Authors: Adams Faizal , Wongnaa Camillus Abawiera , Coleman Edwin
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The study analyzed the profitability of tomato farmers and determinants of farmers' choice of marketing outlets (wholesaler or retailer) in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from 100 tomato farmers in Ghana. Analytical tools which include descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis (GM), profitability ratios and binary logit model were employed.

Findings

Profitability analysis indicates that farmers who supply to wholesalers have gross margin of Gh¢7.86 (US$1.67) per 25 kg crate, while farmers who supply to retailers recorded a major loss of Gh¢5.36 (US$1.14) per 25 kg crate. The result suggests that farmers selling to wholesalers are better off than farmers supplying to retailers. The binary logit regression analysis reveals a positive relationship between farmers' choice of marketing outlet (wholesaling) and age of respondents, quantity of tomato sold and cost of labor for production. A negative relationship also existed between farmers' choice of marketing outlet and weighted average selling price and household size.

Research limitations/implications

The results call for policy efforts to provide an enabling environment for more extension education and establishment of farmer associations to make marketing information for price development among farmers available.

Originality/value

The choice of marketing outlet greatly influences profitability of tomato production. This study examines the performance of the various tomato marketing outlets in Ghana.
Self-advocacy for first-year students in interior architecture design studios
Authors: Rauf Hozan Latif , Gunce Kagan , Ozersay Munevver Ozgur
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The study aims to identify the issues that restrict students to show their real performance in the design due to lacking of self-advocacy skills and suggesting a new concept to overcome these difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach

The current literature was surveyed to form a comprehensive understanding of the issue. A case study has been taken for three years and two groups of students were taken. Results achieved and discussed.

Findings

The result of the study showed that those students who undergo an environment equipped with knowledge about self-advocacy can perform better and the success level is relatively higher amongst these students.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the current literature an original knowledge that has not been previously written about (empowering self-advocacy amongst students of interior architecture). The profession of interior architecture is a relatively new profession and faces challenges in fixing its feet on the ground that is why the subject can add a real value to it to alleviate the challenge.