bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure
Authors: Guedes Gustavo H. S. , Salgado Fernando L. K. , Uehara Wagner , de Pavia Ferreira Débora L. , Araújo Francisco G.
Published: December 2020

Leptopanchax opalescens(Myers, 1942) is a small seasonal killifish endemic to coastal drainages in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Leptopanchax opalescenswas recaptured in temporary open vegetation pools (22°42.35’S, 43°41.59’W) in the hydrographic basin of the Guandu River, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, after eight years without records. Information on habitat and population parameters (Capture per unit area (CPUA), size, sex ratio and length-weight relationship (LWR)) are given to provide subsidies for the conservation of this species. Specimens were captured during the rainy season (January-April 2020) in shallow pools (mean depth = 21 ± 12 s.d. cm), with relatively acidic pH (5.2 ± 0.8) and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (3.5 ± 1 mg/L). The estimated CPUA of the population was 0.89 fish/m2. The total length (TL) of males ranged from 21.1 to 28.8 cm, and females ranged from 17.0 to 31.2 mm. Males were significantly larger (t-test = 2.04, p < 0.05) than females, which were in greater proportion (2.83Female: 1Male, p < 0.001). A positive allometric coefficient (b = 3.19) was found through length-weight relationship curve, indicating that individuals of the species gain proportionally more increment in weight than in length.Leptopanchax opalescensis a critically endangered species, and the results of this study contribute to the knowledge of the distribution, population structure and conservation of the species and its natural habitats.
Contagieuses, les personnes sans domicile ?
Authors: Clément Nicolas
Published: December 2020

Parmi les personnes sans domicile fixe, seules celles hébergées dans un gymnase sont plus touchée par la Covid que la population générale. Il faudrait profiter de la crise sanitaire pour offrir à tous un véritable logement.
La nation chinoise de Xi Jinping
Authors: Geng Judith , Yang Mei
Published: December 2020

La nation chinoise, définie comme communauté de destin, doit faire face à l’exaspération des minorités culturelles et à la préférence de Hong Kong et de Taïwan pour la démocratie.
L’Espace Mont-Blanc, un laboratoire de coopération transfrontalière au service des territoires locaux
Authors: Moullé François
Published: December 2020

Après avoir présenté les outils théoriques de la frontière et constater que la coopération transfrontalière dans le cadre de l’Espace Mont-Blanc a d’abord été un outil pour éviter un parc international de protection de la nature, l’étude montre que des convergences sur des objectifs commun de développement durable ont pu se mettre en place. En croisant les outils théoriques et les réalités spatiales de l’Espace Mont-Blanc, une évaluation des effets de la coopération transfrontalière sur le fonctionnement de la frontière est faite aboutissant au constat que la coopération participe localement à sa dévaluation. Pour autant les orientations des choix nationaux et européens pèsent plus que les actions locales.
Congenital Seesaw Nystagmus
Authors: Zelt Roger P , Biglan Albert W
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

A 14-year-old boy with congenital seesaw and horizontal pendular nystagmus associated with decreased visual acuity, high myopia, esotropia, and normal peripheral visual fields is reported. Neurologic and computed tomographic evaluation, as well as auditory evoked potentials, were normal. The findings in, and recommended evaluation of, seesaw nystagmus in young patients are reviewed.
Of the Use of Calligraphy in Sino-Javanese Communities (18th-Early 21st Centuries)
Authors: Salmon Claudine
Published: December 2020

Calligraphic art was conceived by the Chinese as a technique allowing the acquisition of certain virtues, and the mastery of this art as a proof of eminent qualities. This art dates back to the ancient times. Calligraphy has also been practiced by artists, either amateurs or professionals, who had practical and economic motivations, such as some Ming loyalists who having refused to serve the new dynasty were compelled to rely on this art for negotiating everyday life.Here, we intend to explore the part played by calligraphy in a diasporic milieu, and more especially in Java where Chinese communities have a rather long, but quite eventful history. We will successively review the development of calligraphy during the Qing times, its ups and downs during the 20th century, and its revival during this century in relation with the new political conjuncture.
« La nécessité d’un combat spécifique pour les femmes étrangères »
Authors: Husson Violaine
Published: December 2020

La Cimade porte depuis les années 1970 une attention particulière aux réalités et aux enjeux de la migration au féminin. Organisation d’ateliers et de formations pour favoriser leur insertion dans la société, permanence de soutien aux victimes de violences, développement de collaborations avec des associations de femmes étrangère, etc., la Cimade multiplie ses actions de solidarité active avec les femmes immigrées.
Les concierges d’origine portugaise à Paris et l’épidémie de coronavirus
Authors: Vidal Dominique
Published: December 2020

Les concierges des immeubles du parc privé parisien, en majorité des femmes d’origine portugaise, ont été profondément affectées par l’épidémie de coronavirus. Au-delà des affres d’un confinement de près de trois mois vécu dans un logement exigu et des risques d’exposition au virus inhérents à leurs multiples tâches d’entretien au sein des immeubles, la Covid-19 a bouleversé le cœur de leur métier : le contact avec les résidents. Emplies d’amertume devant le manque de reconnaissance de leur travail en temps de crise, les concierges se sentent oubliées parmi les premiers de corvées.
La lutte contre les mutilations sexuelles féminines en France
Authors: Sylla Fatoumata , Andro Armelle
Published: December 2020

Longtemps essentialisées dans des représentations stéréotypées dans les espaces publics, les femmes issues de l’immigration paraissaient invisibles dans la mobilisation contre les mutilations sexuelles féminines en France. Pourtant, depuis des décennies, elles multiplient des actions de prévention au sein d’associations qui prennent en compte la spécificité de l’expérience migratoire dans la promotion des droits et de la santé des femmes et des filles. Leurs actions tentent ainsi de s’adapter au profil de chaque survivante de MSF afin de proposer un accompagnement spécifique.
Créer des liens pour lutter contre l’isolement et les violences
Authors: Chen Ting , Le Bail Hélène
Published: December 2020

L’association Les Roses d'Acier, créée en 2014 par des travailleuses du sexe chinoises du quartier de Belleville dans le 11e arrondissement de Paris, a pour mission première de lutter contre les violences multiples qu’elles subissent. Les interventions de l’association au niveau national, local et communautaire visent à créer du lien, d’une part avec le reste de la société (voisins, représentants politiques), d’autre part entre elles, afin de les sortir de l’isolement créé par leur activité, cible de toutes les stigmatisations. L’étude de leur prise de parole dans un recueil écrit par les travailleuses et travailleurs du sexe permet de suivre l’élargissement des actions de l’association.
La mobilisation politique des femmes mexicaines à Paris
Authors: Lara-Guerrero Larisa
Published: December 2020

Les femmes mexicaines migrantes à Paris développent des projets dans lesquels elles expriment leur créativité et leurs revendications politiques. Des résultats empiriques portant sur trois types d’activités – la création d’initiatives artistiques, le développement de mouvements communautaires et de solidarité, et la création d’associations non gouvernementales – permettent de mieux comprendre leurs processus individuels de subjectivation à travers de telles mobilisations car ces femmes construisent une identité transnationale en se distanciant des normes et des organisations politiques largement dominées par les hommes, dans leur pays d’origine comme dans leur pays de résidence.
Une cage de rouille et d’or
Authors: Guillarmou Josselyn
Published: December 2020

Dans le lieu-dit d’El Calaboz, au sud du Texas, en avril 2009, le département de la sécurité intérieure des États-Unis a fait construire, à l’arrière de la maison d’Eloisa Taméz, l’une des vingt parcelles du mur frontalier érigé dans la vallée du Rio Grande. Surnommée « la cage dorée », cette région située face au Mexique se caractérise par une pauvreté extrême et une militarisation du quotidien. Eloisa est devenue malgré elle une figure reconnue de la résistance communautaire contre le mur dont la construction était un enjeu central de la campagne électorale de Donald Trump en 2016. Dans la perspective des élections présidentielles de novembre 2020, de nouvelles barrières frontalières sont érigées à la hâte et la résistance continue.
« Ce cœur de silence étouffant ses cris »
Authors: Lequeux Emmanuelle
Published: December 2020

La part des artistes féminines dans la collection d’art contemporain du Musée national de l’histoire de l’immigration est importante au regard de la jeunesse de ce musée. Originaires des quatre coins du monde, ces artistes traitent des déplacements migratoires et de la mémoire des migrations comme autant de géographies intimes qui déploient, par-delà l’exil, des territoires intérieurs.
Construtos audiovisuais de vigilância e privacidade: interfaces entre tecnocultura e tecnopolítica e os sentidos de hacktivismo em jogos digitais
Authors: De Ávila Camila , De Mello Leonardo Andrada
Published: December 2020

Partindo da franquia Watch Dogs, buscamos refletir sobre os sentidos de hacktivismo em jogos digitais, a partir de construtos audiovisuais de vigilância e privacidade, com uma visada tecnocultural e tecnopolítica. A série de jogos aborda conceitos de cibersegurança; vigilância; big data; privacidade; e controle social, trazendo em si a presença da cultura hacktivista, a partir do coletivo DedSec. Identifica-se a questão estética com bastante potência ao pensarmos nessa construção de sentidos e de construtos dentro do espaço do jogo. Portanto, não apenas nas práticas da construção da imagem de coletivos hacktivistas, mas também a construção da representação de construtos audiovisuais de vigilância e privacidade em jogos digitais se mostram como ricos cenários de experimentação para uma estética crítica.Palavras-chave: Jogos Digitais. Tecnocultura. Tecnopolítica.
Ativismo feminista online: análise das estratégias discursivas da hashtag #primeiroassédio
Authors: Baptista Érica Anita , Orlandini Maiara Garcia , Carraro Gabriela
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo consiste em uma análise das estratégias discursivas em torno da hashtag #PrimeiroAssedio, que se consolidou como uma campanha para debate sobre o assédio nas redes sociais pelo blog feminista Think Olga. O objetivo é compreender através de quais dessas estratégias a campanha se espalhou na internet e tornou-se um ato de ativismo discursivo. Para isso, foram coletados 213 tweets, em 2015, feitos até um mês após o lançamento da campanha e analisados segundo seu conteúdo. A análise revelou que o incentivo aos relatos de si e o formato de hashtag foram as principais estratégias da campanha, além de um ponto de partida para outros debates e interações, que ajudaram a consolidar o debate enquanto ativismo digital, apesar de seu desenrolar espontâneo em um ambiente de disputa de repertórios.Palavras-chave: Ação conectiva. Ativismo digital. Hashtag feminista.
Acusações, notícias “falsas” e críticas na censura do site Crusoé pelo STF
Authors: Paganotti Ivan
Published: December 2020

O artigo avalia a censura promovida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) contra os sites Crusoé e O Antagonista, acusados de publicar notícias falsas contra o presidente dessa corte. Pretende-se questionar se é possível qualificar como “notícia falsa” a divulgação de informação que consta em processos judiciais (como foi o caso), e se é legítimo que o próprio judiciário intervenha, removendo essas publicações. Este artigo procura avaliar o impacto desse caso de censura, considerando como o contraditório conceito das “fake news” pode ter sido usado politicamente para remover conteúdos incômodos aos ministros do STF. Para isso, serão analisados os argumentos adotados em caso judicial envolvendo a liberdade de expressão e a repercussão do caso pela própria imprensa, ponderando como essa proibição procura se distinguir – com eficácia problemática – da censura.Palavras-chave: Jornalismo. Censura. Notícias falsas.
A EXPERIMENTAÇÃO SEGUNDO OS AUTORES DOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE FÍSICA DO PNLD 2018
Authors: Lara Luana , Fernando Soares Alves Marcos
Published: December 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar de forma comparativa a opinião dos autores sobre experimentação expressas nos 12 livros didáticos de Física aprovados no Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2018, em contraste com as avaliações a eles relacionadas e expressas no Guia do Livro Didático, com os documentos que dão base à educação e a literatura especializada. Para tanto, este trabalho se caracteriza como pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo. Durante a análise do material, encontramos diversos tipos de propostas sobre atividades experimentais, tais como: abordagem investigativa, trabalhos em grupo, experimentos a partir de uma situação problema, experimentos em que o aluno toma decisões e não segue um roteiro passo a passo e até mesmo experimentos que buscavam identificar os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos, ou seja, propostas de atividades experimentais abordadas nesta pesquisa do manual do professor, no Guia do Livro Didático 2018 e nas literaturas citadas nesse trabalho.
RELAÇÕES COM OS SABERES NAS AULAS DE FÍSICA EXPERIMENTAL NA PERSPECTIVA DO ALUNO
Authors: Carvalho do Carmo Ana Paula , William de Brito Bergold Arthur
Published: December 2020

O ensino de física tem enfrentado um cenário desafiador. Para formar um futuro professor capaz de compreender mais do que conceitos básicos, uma das possibilidades consiste em trabalhar com as diferentes linguagens da ciência. Dentre essas linguagens uma que tem sido negligenciada e mostra um caráter potencial tendo em vista seus variados benefícios é a experimentação. Uma análise dos relativamente poucos estudos publicados a respeito indica que o tema precisa ser melhor investigado. Grande parte dos trabalhos realizados acerca desta problemática se baseiam em discursos normativos, relatando o que professor deve fazer, sem se ater ao que realmente ocorre dentro do ambiente de ensino experimental. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar as diferentes relações com os saberes existentes em aulas laboratoriais. Para isso, realizaram-se entrevistas com graduandos do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Exatas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor Palotina. Para tratamento de dados utilizou-se uma abordagem fenomenológica denominada Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD), que possibilita, por meio da desconstrução do material de análise, estabelecer categorias e possíveis relações entre elas a fim de que se estabeleça uma descrição mais bem fundamentada do fenômeno observado. Com esse trabalho, pretende-se identificar nos discursos dos alunos os pontos fortes e fracos do que tem sido realizado nas aulas de física experimental. Tais informações poderão servir de base para possíveis ajustes e padronizações de procedimentos a serem realizados buscando o aprimoramento do ensino.
Early Neolithic Settlement of the Po Plain (Northern Italy)
Authors: Biagi Paolo , Starnini Elisabetta , Borić Dušan , Mazzucco Niccolò
Published: December 2020

Around the mid-19th century, several groups of archaeologists active in northern Italy discovered a few sites characterized by the presence of ‘hut-floors’ or ‘pit-dwellings’ (fondi di capanna), which they attributed to a well-defined period of their Stone Age sequence. Research in the central Po Plain of Lombardy was resumed in the 1970s, allowing one to attribute some of the older discoveries to the Early Neolithic Vhò cultural aspect. The scope of the excavations, which started on one of the Vhò di Piadena sites in 1974, was to interpret the function of the previously discovered features, establish their radiocarbon chronology, and compare the finds with those of the Fiorano culture distributed across the eastern regions of the Po Plain. The main goal of this paper is to provide an international audience with novel information about one of the still poorly known Early Neolithic cultural aspects of northern Italy, namely that of the Vhò.
The Neolithic evolution and cultural transformations in the Povolzhye region (Eastern Europe)
Authors: Vybornov Aleksandr , Andreev Konstantin , Somov Anatoly , Kulkova Marianna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of Neolithic cultures in the Povolzhye region. Several synchronic archaeological complexes were compared. New data about the development and cultural changes of Neolithic communities were obtained. The processes of transition in the development of Neolithic cultures of the Povolzhye region were considered.
The Megalithic Builders
Authors: Silva Ana Maria
Published: December 2020

Between the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, António dos Santos Rocha excavated several prehistoric megalithic monuments in the region of Figueira da Foz (Portugal). Some of them revealed human bones, albeit very disturbed and fragmented, which ended up forgotten in the Municipal Museum of Santos Rocha (Figueira da Foz), as did the individuals to which they belonged. Here, I revisit the human bone collection preserved from Megalitho do Facho to access demographic and morphological data; physiological stress indicators; pathologies and injuries that these individuals suffered, thus revealing insights on the lives of those who were deposited in this dolmen. The majority of this collection is composed of unburned bones and a small subsample of burned ones. Both were radiocarbon dated to the Chalcolithic period (first half of the 3rd millennium BC). The analysis confirmed that non-adult and adult individuals of both sexes were deposited in this dolmen. These individuals were affected by biomechanical stress since early in life and display mild signs of physiological stress associated with remodelled lesions, suggestive of a relatively good health status. These data are discussed in the context of other coeval sites.
Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica settlements and the vegetation of Ljubljansko barje (Slovenia) in the 4th millennium cal BC
Authors: Andrič Maja
Published: December 2020

In the 4th millennium cal BC the hinterlands of Ljubljansko barje basin were covered by beech-fir (Abies-Fagus) and mixed oak (Quercus) forests. People of several Eneolithic cultural groups were cutting/burning forests to open the landscape for fields and pastures. This paper focuses on high-resolution palynological analyses of pile-dwelling settlements Maharski prekop, Stare gmajne and Blatna Brezovica to investigate human impact on the vegetation, and to compare past economy and vegetation history in various parts of Ljubljansko barje. The results revealed that there were no major changes of vegetation throughout the 4th millennium cal. BC, neither were there any major differences between vegetation of the selected study sites. Cultural layers from archaeological sites (in larger quantities than off-site cores) contain pollen of plants that were brought to the settlement by people: cereals and other cultivars (Cereal t., Linum), weeds (Centaurea), grazing indicators (Plantago lanceolata, Campanula, Ranunculaceae), ruderal taxa (Chenopodiaceae, Artemisia), (gathered) shrubs (Corylus) and herbs. Traces of anthropogenic impacts from older settlements were detected in sediments below archaeological cultural layers at all study sites.
Ulucak Höyük
Authors: Çevik Özlem , Vuruşkan Osman
Published: December 2020

It has been increasingly clear that pottery was adopted as a continuous technology during the first quarter of the 7th millennium BC in a wide region, from Upper Mesopotamia through Central Anatolia and the Lakes District region. However, the absence of pottery in the basal level at Ulucak Höyük shows the presence of a pre-ceramic sequence in western Anatolia, before c. 6600/6500 cal BC. This article discusses the earliest pottery assemblage from Ulucak (6600/6500–6200 cal BC) and compares it with the later ceramic sequences at the site. Ultimately, the functional and typological developmental sequence of Neolithic pottery at Ulucak Höyük and its temporo-spatial relations with other Neolithic sites in Anatolia will be assessed.
A note on Heterodox Macroeconomics by Blecker and Setterfield
Authors: Libman Emiliano
Published: December 2020

Blecker and Setterfield's new textbook from 2019 presents an updated discussion of heterodox models of growth and distribution. This note clarifies and elaborates on three important issues discussed in the book. First, the text presents mainly one-sectoral and one-technique models, which is a reasonable set-up to keep things simple but not always enough to discuss some controversial issues. Second, continuous substitution is important but not essential for neoclassical growth theory. Third, the popular Goodwin model presented in the text does not produce ‘limit cycles.’
Tourist information boards on motorways: perceptions, memory effects and decision-making support
Authors: Gross Sven , Huber Dominik
Published: December 2020

In recent years more and more tourist information boards have been put up on German motorways. Little research exists with regard to the effects of these information boards. A qualitative research approach was used and 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted to increase knowledge about the relationships between tourist information boards and related tourism behaviour. A model was developed which integrates the elements perception of tourist motorway signage, its memory effects and tourism decision-making processes. Findings suggest that spontaneous driving off the motorway is rarely found and points of interest are more likely to be visited after the trip or used as travel inspiration. This study shows for the first time that tourist information boards can play an important role in tourism decision-making processes and resulting behaviours.
‘Dream now, travel later’: pre-travel online destination experiences on destination websites
Authors: Köchling Anne
Published: December 2020

Destination marketing organisations (DMOs) seek to provide positive pre-travel online destination experiences (ODEs) to attract tourists. Thereby, DMOs understand official destination websites (ODWs) as central sources of information influencing tourists’ travel decisions. Although experiential marketing theory postulates that customers are reached through sensory, affective, intellectual, behavioural or social experiences, this theory has rarely been applied to analysing tourist experiences on ODWs. Past research and theories remain similar to models from product brands, yet fail to acknowledge the peculiarities of destination experiences. This research explores how users of ODWs experience unfamiliar tourist destinations in the pre-travel phase. To gain a deeper understanding of the nature of ODEs on ODWs, a qualitative multi-method study was conducted involving eye-tracking, retrospective think-aloud protocols, semi-structured interviews and video observations with 15 German millen­nials selected via purposeful sampling. Data was analysed in a qualitative directed content analysis following an abductive approach. Findings expand on previous theory by adding a spatio-temporal experience dimension. In the pre-travel phase, potential tourists explore the spatio-temporal accessibility of expected experiences and the experience density in the destin­ation. Furthermore, this research provides new insights into the different dimensions of ODEs and proposes an advanced conceptual framework.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF MODERN ENGINEERING
Authors:   International Science Group, Vladlenov Denis
Published: December 2020

Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
An Altitude Adjustment: Implementing a Clinical Practice Guideline in the Newborn Nursery at Moderate Altitude
Authors:   , Blaskowsky Leeann
Published: December 2020

Practice Problem: All infants undergo many changes at birth, but for some, the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life presents more of a challenge, especially at altitude. Despite continuing research, neonatal prescribing guidelines for oxygen therapy remain ambiguous. PICOT: For term and late preterm infants requiring oxygen beyond transition, does a clinical practice guideline compared to practice without a guideline, provide consistent, evidence-based care, support the mother-infant dyad, and impact nursing perceptions over a six-week pilot period? Evidence: Birth at moderate altitude presents the newly born with less oxygen than those delivered at sea level. Several studies have assessed the differences and make recommendations for modifying acceptable saturations or compensating with a small amount of nasal cannula oxygen (the “altitude adjustment”), but recommend further study before broad application. Intervention: A consensus guideline for oxygen administration, weaning, and echocardiogram for indeterminate CCHD screens was created and implemented to facilitate care and practice consistency for patient safety and maintain the mother/infant dyad in a unique nursery setting. Outcome: After implementation, two infants demonstrated persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, were treated with supplemental oxygen, and had normal ECHOs for age at discharge. These babies may have worsened without supportive treatment or required rehospitalization, demonstrating clinical significance for the pathway in the guideline. Conclusion: A shared-practice guideline for infants requiring supplemental oxygen following delivery was the focus of this EBP project. Evidence supports practice consistency by using guidelines and pathways across many disciplines, and engaging nurses in bringing evidence-based practice to the bedside improves patient outcomes.
Meeting at the Philosopher’s Stone: The Encounter of Enlightenment and Indigenous Religion in Maupertuis‘ Expedition to Lapland (1736–1737)
Authors: Stünkel Knut Martin
Published: December 2020

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis’ famous scientific expedition to Lapland (1736-1737) had a considerable impact on Enlightenment thought, but not only due to its groundbreaking results in the fields of geodesy and physics. Given the popularity of his journey, the few and rather prejudiced references to the Sámi people and their religion also gained some significance. In his reports and in his self-presentations, Maupertuis used certain elements of Sámi life and religiosity in order to communicate his scientific and social message to the academies and the salons of Paris. Accordingly, the references to the Sámi are indispensable elements of the self-representation and self-reference of Enlightenment mind, intended to enhance and clarify its own standing. The article examines a situation of contact of a formally and religiously operating language of scientific polemics with religious phenomena that it interprets as ‘primitive’ or ‘curious’ and that it appropriates to its particular form of discourse. Here, intellectual religion meets a ‘primitive’ one as an object of description, and makes an innovative use of its alien elements. The case study is concerned in particular with a special kind of application of the transcendence-immanence distinction involved in the contact situation, relating to the phenomenon of knowledge in form of the relation of the known and the unknown.
Keep it Unsupervised: Horizontal Attacks Meet Deep Learning
Authors: Perin Guilherme , Chmielewski Łukasz , Batina Lejla , Picek Stjepan
Published: December 2020

To mitigate side-channel attacks, real-world implementations of public-key cryptosystems adopt state-of-the-art countermeasures based on randomization of the private or ephemeral keys. Usually, for each private key operation, a “scalar blinding” is performed using 32 or 64 randomly generated bits. Nevertheless, horizontal attacks based on a single trace still pose serious threats to protected ECC or RSA implementations. If the secrets learned through a single-trace attack contain too many wrong (or noisy) bits, the cryptanalysis methods for recovering remaining bits become impractical due to time and computational constraints. This paper proposes a deep learning-based framework to iteratively correct partially correct private keys resulting from a clustering-based horizontal attack. By testing the trained network on scalar multiplication (or exponentiation) traces, we demonstrate that a deep neural network can significantly reduce the number of wrong bits from randomized scalars (or exponents).When a simple horizontal attack can recover around 52% of attacked multiple private key bits, the proposed iterative framework improves the private key accuracy to above 90% on average and to 100% for at least one of the attacked keys. Our attack model remains fully unsupervised and excludes the need to know where the error or noisy bits are located in each separate randomized private key.
Redundant Code-based Masking Revisited
Authors: Costes Nicolas , Stam Martijn
Published: December 2020

Masking schemes are a popular countermeasure against side-channel attacks. To mask bytes, the two classical options are Boolean masking and polynomial masking. The latter lends itself to redundant masking, where leakage emanates from more shares than are strictly necessary to reconstruct, raising the obvious question how well such “redundant” leakage can be exploited by a side-channel adversary. We revisit the recent work by Chabanne et al. (CHES’18) and show that, contrary to their conclusions, said leakage can—in theory—always be exploited. For the Hamming weight scenario in the low-noise regime, we heuristically determine how security degrades in terms of the number of redundant shares for first and second order secure polynomial masking schemes.Furthermore, we leverage a well-established link between linear secret sharing schemes and coding theory to determine when different masking schemes will end up with essentially equivalent leakage profiles. Surprisingly, we conclude that for typical field sizes and security orders, Boolean masking is a special case of polynomial masking. We also identify quasi-Boolean masking schemes as a special class of redundant polynomial masking and point out that the popular “Frobenius-stable” sets of interpolations points typically lead to such quasi-Boolean masking schemes, with subsequent degraded leakage performance.
Doppelganger Obfuscation — Exploring theDefensive and Offensive Aspects of Hardware Camouflaging
Authors: Hoffmann Max , Paar Christof
Published: December 2020

Hardware obfuscation is widely used in practice to counteract reverse engineering. In recent years, low-level obfuscation via camouflaged gates has been increasingly discussed in the scientific community and industry. In contrast to classical high-level obfuscation, such gates result in recovery of an erroneous netlist. This technology has so far been regarded as a purely defensive tool. We show that low-level obfuscation is in fact a double-edged sword that can also enable stealthy malicious functionalities.In this work, we present Doppelganger, the first generic design-level obfuscation technique that is based on low-level camouflaging. Doppelganger obstructs central control modules of digital designs, e.g., Finite State Machines (FSMs) or bus controllers, resulting in two different design functionalities: an apparent one that is recovered during reverse engineering and the actual one that is executed during operation. Notably, both functionalities are under the designer’s control.In two case studies, we apply Doppelganger to a universal cryptographic coprocessor. First, we show the defensive capabilities by presenting the reverse engineer with a different mode of operation than the one that is actually executed. Then, for the first time, we demonstrate the considerable threat potential of low-level obfuscation. We show how an invisible, remotely exploitable key-leakage Trojan can be injected into the same cryptographic coprocessor just through obfuscation. In both applications of Doppelganger, the resulting design size is indistinguishable from that of an unobfuscated design, depending on the choice of encodings.
NEWER TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE DELIVERY AND MANAGEMENT OF DISTANCE AND E-LEARNING
Authors: Bello Idris , Zakari Abdulraheem
Published: December 2020

Distance learning through e-learning courses has become the most important and commonly requested mode of learning in the higher education system over the past decade. Many aspects of our lives have been upended by COVID-19 including education. Distance education became a requirement at lightning speed, due to the pandemic and worldwide shutdown. According to the University of Kansas, at the height of the COVID-19 outbreak in early April, more than 1.5 billion students, or 91.3 percent of global enrolment, were directly affected by school closures. The question of whether or not to migrate from physical classroom is no more the priority but how quick and efficiently we can adopt distance learning. This paper evaluates the incorporation of the emerging technologies into the concepts of distance learning in terms of efficiency in the teaching and learning environment at universities, polytechnics and colleges.
Perceived Stress Due COVID-19 Pandemic Among Employed Professional Teachers
Authors: Oducado Ryan Michael , Rabacal Judith , Moralista Rome , Tamdang Khen
Published: December 2020

The unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 outbreak has undeniably disrupted the normalcy of life. Stress has become an important concern in education since the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive-correlational online survey administered in August 2020 utilized the COVID-19 Perceived Stress Scale (COVID-19 PSS-10) to assess the COVID-19 perceived stress among employed Filipino teachers. Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tested for differences while Spearman’s rho was used to analyze correlation between variables. Results demonstrated that more than half of teachers experienced moderate COVID-19 stress. Females experienced significantly higher COVID-19 stress compared to males. A negative correlation was noted between self-rated health and COVID-19 stress while a positive correlation was found between perceive risk of getting COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 stress. This study highlights that steps must be undertaken to help teachers deal with the stress of the COVID-19 crisis as well as they must be provided or taught with stress management interventions during this pandemic. This study could be used as a baseline for future research to assess the impact of COVID-19 stress among professional teachers.
Strategies for university training and innovation in times of pandemic
Authors: Reyes Tejedor Mariano
Published: December 2020

In this article, I set out to demonstrate the need for a student-centred model, which would enable students, through the proper effective use of ICT, to develop critical awareness, creativity, and knowledge. However, this process must be mediated by a teacher who is competent in the use of ICT and knows how to get the most out of them, so that teaching becomes more than merely a “container” of content. This paper presents a brief chronological overview of the events of the pandemic and its most immediate consequences of moving from face-to-face teaching to online delivery in such a short space of time. Finally, it will review the actions carried out by the Universidad Pablo de Olavide, in Seville, in the field of training and innovation.
Probabilidad de incumplimiento en inversiones de infraestructura: análisis a partir de modelos estructurales de riesgo de crédito
Authors: Zapata Quimbayo Carlos Andrés
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo estimar las probabilidades de incumplimiento en proyectos de infraestructura. Para ello, se analiza la exposición que tienen los prestamistas frente a un estado de incumplimiento. Esta aplicación se realiza al asumir dinámica propia del ratio de cobertura del servicio de la deuda (DSCR) y el perfil de pago determinado por el flujo de efectivo disponible del proyecto, donde estos se modelan estocásticamente siguiendo los mismos supuestos de la teoría de valoración de opciones desarrollado por Black y Scholes (1973) y Merton (1973). De esta forma, mediante la adaptación de modelos estructurales desarrollados para activos ilíquidos, como extensión de los modelos de riesgo de crédito de Merton (1974) y KMV de Moody’s, se analizan los componentes de probabilidad, exposición y pérdidas de los prestamistas en escenarios de incumplimiento.
Diseño de una carta de control basada en Análisis de Componentes Principales. Un caso de estudio
Authors: Rahmer Bruno de Jesús , Solana Garzón José , Garzón Saénz Hernando , Ortiz Piedrahita Gustavo
Published: December 2020

El abanico de métodos y técnicas cuantitativas utilizadas para la detección de variaciones de fondo en procesos de manufactura se circunscriben en una disciplina matriz, catalogada como control estadístico de procesos. Tales métodos poseen una aptitud sobresaliente para diagnosticar el estado general de sistemas productivos y realizar una evaluación simultánea de diversas características de calidad interrelacionadas. En el marco de esta investigación, se propone el análisis y monitoreo de un proceso químico sustentado en los principios teóricos del análisis en componentes principales. De este modo, las variables originales seleccionadas son representadas en un espacio dimensional más compacto, bajo la hipótesis de normalidad multivariante. Se construye en la fase posterior, un gráfico de control basado en los cuadrados de los errores de predicción con el objeto de evaluar el comportamiento de los factores subyacentes. Los resultados indican que el proceso no es marginalmente estable y existe un margen de reducción de variabilidad significativo.
Construcción y validación de un instrumento para caracterizar el nivel de innovación en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud
Authors: Chavarria Chavarria Tatiana Margarita , Pulgarín Molina Sergio Andrés
Published: December 2020

La investigación pretende desarrollar y validar un instrumento para caracterizar el nivel de impacto, en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud, de la aplicación de las cuatro dimensiones esenciales del Radar de la innovación: las ofertas de la institución (¿qué?), los clientes que atiende (¿a quién?), los procesos que utiliza (¿cómo?) y los puntos de presencia que emplea para llevar sus ofertas al mercado (¿dónde?).
Se optó por un estudio de corte exploratorio mixto. Mediante la revisión bibliográfica y la discusión con un panel de 11 expertos, se construyó y aprobó el contenido del instrumento de 49 ítems en escala Likert de 5 puntos para caracterizar la utilización de la innovación en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud; el constructo y la fiabilidad fueron validados mediante la aplicación de una prueba piloto a 33 participantes y el estudio de los resultados obtenidos para cada una de las dimensiones del Radar de la innovación se realizó empleando el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y el alfa de Cronbach.
La investigación propone un instrumento cuyo contenido y cuyo constructo fueron validados para la estructura factorial final compuesta por 43 ítems incluidos en 13 factores o criterios; mediante el análisis estadístico se evidencia alta fiabilidad para las cuatro dimensiones que propone el Radar de la innovación.
ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫЙ ГИДРОЛИЗ ПОКРОВНЫХ ТКАНЕЙ РЫБ КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОГО РЕГИОНА
Authors: Казакова Виктория Сергеевна , Землякова Евгения Сергеевна
Published: December 2020

Судак является одним из наиболее часто встречающихся и широко распространенных видов рыб на территории Калининградского региона. После разделки рыбы на филе как вид пищевых отходов образуется кожа. Цель исследования –изучить физико-химические свойства покровных тканей судака в различные периоды вылова и показать возможность их использования в качестве сырья для проведения высокотемпературного гидролиза. Определены физико-химические показатели в соответствии с ГОСТ 7636-85 «Рыба, морские млекопитающие, морские беспозвоночные и продукты их переработки. Методы анализа» с установлением массовых долей воды, белка, жира и золы. Оценка показателей проводилась у сырья, отобранного из объекта сентябрьского и ноябрьского вылова 2019 г. Гидролиз выполнен с использованием автоклавирования при температуре 130 °С под давлением 0,25 МПа в течение 60 мин при скорости вращения мешалки 60 об/мин. В результате температурного воздействия на костную, хрящевую ткани с прирезями мышц получены три фракции: верхняя (водорастворимая), нижняя (осадочная) и жировая (следы). Проведена оценка их физико-химического состава с определением массовой доли воды, белка, жира, золы, а также органолептическая оценка полученных фракций до высушивания, измельчения и после них. В связи с низким содержанием липидов в исходном сырье последняя фракция (следы) в ходе термолиза не была образована, и, соответственно, оценка ее физико-химического состава не проводилась. Перспективной является возможность получения и использования композиций из покровных тканей судака в качестве обогащающих добавок в технологии функциональных продуктов питания, так как гидролизованная кожа рыб – источник легкоусвояемого белка и его структурных компонентов, а также минеральных веществ и некоторых гликозаминогликанов.
БИОПОТЕНЦИАЛ СЕМЯН КЕДРОВОЙ СОСНЫ СИБИРСКОЙ
И ЕГО ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ХРАНЕНИЯ
Authors: Некрасова Юлия Олеговна , Мезенова Ольга Яковлевна , Мерзель Йорг Томас , Кюн Саша Саша
Published: December 2020

Семена сосны кедровой сибирской – ценный источник биологически активных веществ. Кедровые орешки и продукты их переработки представляют научный и практический интерес для создания новых функциональных продуктов питания. Объектом исследования являлись семена кедровой сосны сибирской (Pinus sibirica), собранные в разных регионах России в 2017 и 2018 гг., всего семь образцов. Проведены анализы кедрового масла на содержание витамина Е (альфа- , бета- , гамма- и дельта-токоферол), жирных кислот (ЖК), летучих веществ и перекисного числа жира в процессе хранения. Витамин Е обладает антиоксидантными свойствами, поэтому его содержание служит качественной характеристикой биопотенциала семян. Жирные кислоты, особенно полиненасыщенные, легко окисляются, в результате ухудшаются потребительские свойства орехов и их пищевая ценность. Жирнокислотный состав липидов – их качественная характеристика и показатель хранимоспособности. Перекисное число показывает степень окисления жировой фракции семян. Летучие вещества образуются при окислении жирных кислот и являются индикатором порчи орехов. Содержание витамина Е в кедровых орехах устанавливали методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Жирные кислоты и летучие вещества идентифицировали с помощью газовой хроматографии. Относительное перекисное число жира определяли спектрофотометрическим методом анализа. По итогам проведенного анализа установлено, что в процессе хранения происходит ухудшение качества кедровых орехов, уменьшается содержание витамина Е, увеличивается содержание насыщенных жирных кислот, появляются транс-жирные кислоты. В результате окисления моно- и полиненасыщенных жирных кислот образуются летучие вещества. Установлено, что орехи лучше сохраняются в шишках и в вакуумной упаковке (производство г. Барнаул).
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА ЗЕРНОВОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ ГИБРИДОВ КУКУРУЗЫ (ZEA MAYS L.) В УСЛОВИЯХ КАЛИНИНГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Григорович Людмила Михайловна , Тулупов Александр Евгеньевич
Published: December 2020

Получение продовольственного зерна и корма для сельскохозяйственных животных в результате выращивания кукурузы решает многие экономические и социальные проблемы. Соответствие биоэкологических требований кукурузы почвенно-климатическим условиям региона является предпосылкой для исполь-зования культуры в качестве источника кормов в активно развивающейся отрас-ли животноводства Калининградской области. Рост зерновой продуктивности ку-курузы обусловлен применением современных гибридов, которые способны хо-рошо адаптироваться к условиям произрастания. Поэтому проблема научного обоснования выбора гибридов, обеспечивающих высокую урожайность зерна, яв-ляется актуальной для аграриев и требует оптимального решения. Изучение сор-тимента и определение наиболее продуктивных гибридов кукурузы для внедрения в производство с целью повышения объема валового продукта зерновых культур имеют первостепенное значение в эффективности функционирования сельскохозяйственных предприятий. Целью исследований явилось проведение сравнительной оценки зерновой продуктивности кукурузы в агроэкологических условиях Калининградской области. Полевой опыт по испытанию раннеспелых и среднеранних гибридов проведен в соответствии с «Методикой государственного сортоиспытания сельскохозяйственных культур». Соблюдалась интенсивная технология возделывания кукурузы, принятая в регионе. Фенологические наблюдения за развитием растений от стадии появления всходов (09 ВВСН) до цветения (65 ВВСН) показали, что все изучаемые гибриды кукурузы достигли полного цветения в оптимальные сроки и способны сформировать урожай до конца вегетационного периода. Установлено, что при стандартной влажности зерна 22% урожайность гибридов кукурузы составила от 11,90 до 16,15 т/га. Сравнительная оценка семенной продуктивности показала формирование более высокой урожайности (13,23 – 16,15 т/га) у гибридов среднеранней группы с числом ФАО от 200 до 240.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ДЕМПФИРУЮЩИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ
В СИСТЕМЕ АМОРТИЗАЦИИ СУДОВОГО МЕХАНИЗМА
Authors: Сутырин Валерий Игоревич , Шинкаренко Иван Александрович
Published: December 2020

Задача защиты команды и пассажиров от вибрации и шума, возникающих при работе судовых механизмов, заключается в том, чтобы по возможности не превышать допустимых значений. Этого можно достичь, если использовать малошумные машины, вспомогательные механизмы и гребные винты; выбирать общее расположение помещений на судне на максимально возможном расстоянии от источников вибрации и шума; устанавливать источники вибрации и шума так, чтобы на корпус судна передавалось меньше звуковой и вибрационной энергии; применять шумопоглощающие материалы и устройства в судовых помещениях и др. Перечисленные мероприятия относятся к акустическому проектированию судовых конструкций. Наиболее широко применяемыми способами борьбы с вибрацией являются виброизоляция и вибродемпфирование. Максимально эффективным представляется оптимальное совместное применение этих двух средств виброзащиты в одной колебательной системе. Если виброизоляция, осуществляемая посредством амортизаторов, эффективно используется и может быть рассчитана с достаточной точностью, то вибродемпфирование применяется менее широко и лишь в виде покрытий на фундаментных конструкциях. К тому же это далеко не всегда дает положительный эффект. В данной работе исследуется возможность демпфирования конструкций сыпучими материалами, а также водой. Такой вид, называемый сдвиговым, оказывается проще и дешевле в реализации, позволяет изменять коэффициент демпфирования в некоторых пределах. В то же время подобное демпфирование, как правило, нелинейное, практически не поддается точному расчету и требует экспериментального обоснования. В работе описана апробация экспериментального метода, предназначенного для определения коэффициента демпфирования сыпучих материалов и жидкостей.