bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using irregular ranger patrols to quantify elephant occupancy in non‐protected and community‐modified landscapes
Authors: Muthiuru A. C. , Muruthi P. M. , Kimitei K. K. , Moore J. F.
Published: July 2024

While wildlife management efforts have primarily focused on protected areas, unprotected areas – including community‐owned lands – are becoming increasingly important as habitat linkages and dispersal areas between multiple protected areas for species and processes that sustain them. However, these unprotected areas and community lands often lack structured protection measures and face numerous threats to both species and habitats. Involvement of local communities in the management of these areas through community‐led strategies can enhance safety for both people and wildlife, thereby promoting coexistence. To examine the effectiveness of community‐led strategies for managing wildlife outside protected areas, we fit multi‐season occupancy models on African elephant (Loxodonta africana) sightings data collected by volunteer Village Game Scouts (VGS) while on irregular and demand‐driven patrols within Mwanga district in Northern Tanzania. Patrol data were processed using the Spatial Monitoring And Reporting Tool (SMART). We estimated elephant probability of occupancy, detection, colonization and extinction, identifying key elephant dispersal areas in the community‐modified areas within the district. Our results indicate that proximity to Tsavo West National Park and the availability of seasonal water sources positively influenced the probability of elephant colonization. In contrast, the proportion of built‐up and farmed areas, and distance to permanent water sources, negatively influenced the probability of colonization. The number of scout patrols did not significantly influence the probability of elephant colonization or extinction, and elephant occupancy remained relatively stable during the study period. Our study highlights the complementary role of non‐protected areas in maintaining populations of endangered species such as elephants. We demonstrate that structured, volunteer community‐led strategies coupled with effective communication with authorities, can be used to monitor wildlife spatial distribution and identify factors influencing their distribution in non‐protected areas. We recommend community‐led protection measures for corridors and dispersal areas, as well as transboundary collaboration to maintain landscape connectivity for endangered species such as elephants.
Other causes of neurocognitive impairment than covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) are very frequent, either alone or associated with CHE, in cirrhotic patients with cognitive complaints
Authors: Sultanik Philippe , Kheloufi Lyes , Leproux Apolline , Bouzbib Charlotte , Mouri Sarah , Santiago Antoine , Galanaud Damien , Navarro Vincent , Sakka Mehdi , Rudler Marika , Weiss Nicolas , Thabut Dominique
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims

Although it is well admitted that cirrhotic patients display various causes of neurocognitive impairment (NI) hampering the diagnosis of covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE), those are almost never investigated per se. The aims of this study were, in cirrhotic patients displaying cognitive complaints explored by a complete multimodal work‐up, to assess: (1) the prevalence of CHE and/or that of other causes of NI and (2) their outcomes, according to the cause of NI.

Methods

Prospective cohort of cirrhotic patients referred in a dedicated clinic because of cognitive complaints. Work‐up included a complete neuropsychological assessment, electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging with spectroscopy. The diagnosis of CHE was made by an adjudication committee involving the physicians/neuropsychologist.

Results

One hundred and twenty‐three patients were included (alcohol/MASLD/virus in 63/53/14%, MELD = 11). Sixty‐six per cent of them were diagnosed with CHE; among them, 73% exhibited also other causes of NI, mainly cerebrovascular diseases/psychiatric. Among patients without CHE, 48% and 59% displayed pathological Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score and animal naming test, respectively. Clinical improvement was observed in 77% of the patients re‐evaluated after specific management. CHE, but not the other causes of NI, was independently associated with OHE occurrence.

Conclusion

Other causes of NI than CHE are frequent in patients with cirrhosis, and not ruled‐out by the classical tests dedicated to CHE. Prognosis was influenced by the cause of NI. The management of patients even without CHE led to clinical improvement, underlining the need for a multifaceted approach of cirrhotic patients with cognitive complaints.
Guiding sustainable growth: The interplay between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Yousaf Umair Bin , Umar Muhammad , Ali Syed Tauseef , Gaoliang Tian
Published: July 2024

Amidst growing calls for environmentally sustainable practices, this study delves into the nuanced relationship between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation. Departing from surface‐level examinations, we propose that managerial ability serves as the link between CEO trustworthiness and green innovation initiatives. Moreover, we contend that the influence of CEO trustworthiness on managerial ability is accentuated under specific contextual conditions including higher social capital, crisis situations, and state‐owned firms. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of Chinese firms over 12 years, this study provides robust support for these propositions. Our findings not only offer insights into the essential traits that CEOs should possess to foster competitiveness but also shed light on their role in driving sustainable innovation. By illuminating the intricate dynamics between CEO trustworthiness, managerial ability, and green innovation, our research contributes significantly to the literature offering novel perspectives and enriching the understanding of sustainable development strategies in organizational contexts.
The plant‐level view of Korea's growth miracle and slowdown
Authors: Lee Munseob , Shin Yongseok
Published: July 2024

We analyze the evolution of the plant size distribution, static allocative efficiency and business dynamism of the Korean manufacturing sector during its growth miracle (1967–2000) and the subsequent slowdown since 2000. The average plant size has an inverse‐U pattern over time, with a peak in the late 1970s. The measure of static misallocation decreases modestly until 1983 but increases substantially afterwards. These results are at odds with what one may extrapolate from the existing cross‐country evidence on the positive relationship between plant size and economic development or the negative one between static misallocation and development. We also find that the growth rate of manufacturing productivity is not systematically correlated with either the level or the rate of change of the average plant size or static misallocation. On the other hand, business dynamism, measured by either churning or responsiveness to shocks, diminished significantly since 2000, coinciding with the decline in the growth rate of manufacturing productivity. Our findings call for more systematic research on how economic performance correlates with establishment/firm size distribution and with static and dynamic allocative efficiency.
Think regionally, act locally: Perspectives on co‐design of spatial conservation prioritization tools and why end‐user engagement altered our approach
Authors: Van Lanen Nicholas J. , Shyvers Jessica E. , Tarbox Bryan C. , Monroe Adrian P. , Anderson Patrick J. , Jones Daniel K. , Dahm Katharine G. , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: July 2024

Coproduction represents an inclusive approach for developing decision‐support resources because it seeks to integrate scientific knowledge and end‐user needs. Unfortunately, spatial decision support systems (SDSS) coproduction has sometimes resulted in limited utility for end‐users, partially due to scarce SDSS coproduction guidance. To initiate coproduction, we held a series of workshops to co‐design a spatial conservation prioritization tool for sagebrush ecosystems in the western United States. We share four themes derived from participant feedback and our reflections to guide future SDSS codesign efforts. We found end‐user confidence in data inputs and transparency regarding SDSS assumptions generated trust. Workshop participants noted our virtual format, with smaller break‐out groups, effectively facilitated discussions. Ultimately, end‐users appreciated the conservation context provided by regional‐scale SDSS but preferred local‐scale prioritization efforts for site‐level planning. Therefore, we are shifting ongoing co‐design efforts to consider local‐scale tool development, which can scale up to larger geographic extents.
Immunophenotyping and viral studies in pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta lesions
Authors: Mishlab Salih , Avitan‐Hersh Emily , Zohar Yaniv , Szwarcwort‐Cohen Moran , Bergman Reuven
Published: July 2024

Background

The underlying pathogenesis of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) remains unclear, although immunologic injury and viral etiology have been suggested.

Objective

To evaluate and expand the immunophenotype of PLEVA and to search for possible viral pathogens.

Methods

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of 20 patients with PLEVA and 9 patients with common inflammatory dermatoses (ID) were studied for immunophenotyping and for human herpesvirus (HHV) 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (CMV), HHV‐8, parvovirus B19, and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) immunohistochemistry. The presence of HHV‐6, HHV‐7, and enteroviruses was assayed molecularly.

Results

The numbers of CD8+ T cells and T‐cell intracellular antigen‐1 (TIA‐1)+ cells were statistically significantly higher in PLEVA compared to the ID group. Immunohistochemistry for human HHV‐1 and HHV‐2, CMV and HHV‐8, parvovirus B19, and in situ hybridization for EBV were all negative. There was molecular evidence for HHV‐7 in only one PLEVA case (5%). Molecular studies for HHV‐6 and enterovirus involvement were negative in all the PLEVA specimens.

Conclusions

The predominant T‐cell infiltrate in PLEVA is dominated by CD8+ cells, and by increased numbers of TIA1+ cells, which may indicate a cytotoxic T‐cell damage to the epidermis. Viral presence was not detected.
How Institutional Quality Causes Financial Development?
Authors: Yousaf Hira , Riaz Khalid
Published: July 2024

Institutional quality has received considerable attention in recent years as a potential determinant of variation in the level of financial development across countries. The current paper critically reviews the literature linking formal and informal institutions and financial development. It discusses the main theories in this regard—namely, legal origins theory, the new political economy of finance, and cultural finance. The paper provides an overview of the latest empirical research in each of these areas with a focus on the data and methods used. The directions for further research are also highlighted.
Global Value Chain Participation and Firm Exit During COVID‐19: Evidence from Emerging Countries
Authors: Doan Ngoc Thang
Published: July 2024

This paper uncovers the nexus between global value chain participation and firm exit during COVID‐19 using merged data from World Bank Enterprises Survey and the Enterprise Survey Follow‐Up on COVID‐19. Empirical results suggest that participation in global value chain could positively extend firm survival and is robust to several specifications, including alternative measures of firm exit and global value chain participation. Further analysis indicates that global value chain participation helps a firm to improve productivity, enhance bargaining power, and mitigate financial constraints, thereby lifting the firm survival. Our paper contributes to understanding how global value chain participation influences firm exit, suggesting several policy and managerial implications.
Spinal histamine H4 receptor mediates chronic pruritus via p‐ERK in acetone–ether–water (AEW)‐induced dry skin mice
Authors: Wang Ting‐Ting , Li Zi‐Yang , Hu Dan‐Dan , Xu Xian‐Yun , Song Ning‐Jing , Li Gang‐Qiang , Zhang Ling
Published: July 2024

Dry skin is common to many pruritic diseases and is difficult to improve with oral traditional antihistamines. Recently, increasing evidence indicated that histamine H4 receptor (H4R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of pruritus. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation activation in the spinal cord mediates histamine‐induced acute and choric itch. However, whether the histamine H4 receptor regulates ERK activation in the dry skin itch remains unclear. In the study, we explore the role of the histamine H4 receptor and p‐ERK in the spinal cord in a dry skin mouse model induced by acetone–ether–water (AEW). q‐PCR, Western blot, pharmacology and immunofluorescence  were applied in the study. We established a dry skin itch model by repeated application of AEW on the nape of neck in mice. The AEW mice showed typically dry skin histological change and persistent spontaneous scratching behaviour. Histamine H4 receptor, instead of histamine H1 receptor, mediated spontaneous scratching behaviour in AEW mice. Moreover, c‐Fos and p‐ERK expression in the spinal cord neurons were increased and co‐labelled with GRPR‐positive neurons in AEW mice. Furthermore, H4R agonist 4‐methyhistamine dihydrochloride (4‐MH)induced itch. Both 4‐MH‐induced itch and the spontaneous itch in AEW mice were blocked by p‐ERK inhibitor U0126. Finally, intrathecal H4R receptor antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibited spinal p‐ERK expression in AEW mice. Our results indicated that spinal H4R mediates itch via ERK activation in the AEW‐induced dry skin mice.
Pulmonary interstitial lesions in pemphigus mouse model: Verifying pemphigus may not be only limited to skin and mucosa
Authors: Tang Chang , Wang Lanting , Liu Qingmei , Chen Zihua , Yang Jin , Gao Haiqing , Guan Chenggong , He Shan , Zhang Luyao , Zheng Shenyuan , Yang Fanping , Chen Shengan , Ma Li , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Ying , Wang Jiucun , Luo Xiaoqun
Published: July 2024

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been identified as a prevalent complication and significant contributor to mortality in individuals with pemphigus. In this study, a murine model of pemphigus was developed through the subcutaneous administration of serum IgG obtained from pemphigus patients, allowing for an investigation into the association between pemphigus and ILD. Pulmonary interstitial lesions were identified in the lungs of a pemphigus mouse model through histopathology, RT‐qPCR and Sircol assay analyses. The severity of these lesions was found to be positively associated with the concentration of IgG in the injected serum. Additionally, DIF staining revealed the deposition of serum IgG in the lung tissue of pemphigus mice, indicating that the subcutaneous administration of human IgG directly impacted the lung tissue of the mice, resulting in damage. This study confirms the presence of pulmonary interstitial lesions in the pemphigus mouse model and establishes a link between pemphigus and ILD.
“Wie alles sich zum Ganzen webt, / Eins in dem andern wirkt und lebt!”: Goethe's Faust I as aesthetic experiment
Authors: Helfer Martha B.
Published: July 2024

Goethe's Faust I stages an aesthetic experiment akin to the theoretical program of Schiller's Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen: an education of the senses through art, an aesthetic education, in both meanings of the word. The play self‐reflexively presents itself as presenting a new aesthetic: a new sensory experience and a new type of art that shares conceptual affinities with the negative representation of the Kantian sublime. Focusing on the weaving metaphors that recur throughout the play, this article argues that the text comprises a negative representation, an aesthetic solution to Faust's quest for knowledge of the Absolute.
Species traits to guide moth conservation in anthropogenic regions: A multi‐species approach using distribution trends in Flanders (northern Belgium)
Authors: Maes Dirk , Langeraert Ward , Onkelinx Thierry , Van Calster Hans , Veraghtert Wim , Merckx Thomas
Published: July 2024

Insect abundance and diversity appear to decline rapidly in recent decades, garnering significant media attention, and hence raising public awareness.

Macro‐moths—a species‐rich and ecologically diverse insect group—face severe declines, particularly in urbanised and intensively farmed areas in NW Europe.

Flanders is a highly anthropogenic region, serving as a case study where the impact on macro‐moths of stressors like intensive agriculture, industrialisation and urbanisation has been quantified through a recently compiled Red List. Here, for 717 macro‐moth species, we calculated relative changes in distribution area between a reference period (1980–2012) and the subsequent period (2013–2022). By correlating these species‐specific trends with 10 key ecological and life history traits, we calculated more general Multi‐Species Change Indices (MSCIs).

These MSCIs showed that species associated with wet biotopes and heathlands declined on average by 20%–25%, while (sub)urban species increased by more than 60%. Species feeding on lichens or mosses increased by 31%, while grass‐feeding species decreased by 20%. Both very small (+34%) and very large species (+15%) increased, whereas medium‐sized species decreased by 5%. Monophagous (+17%), migrant (+88%) and colour‐invariable species (+5%) increased, while colour‐variable species decreased (−8%). Finally, Holarctic (−21%) and Palaearctic species (−5%) decreased, while Mediterranean (+27%) and Western‐Palaearctic species (+9%) increased.

Our trait‐based approach identifies key threats and mitigation strategies for moths in anthropogenic regions, offering evidence‐based insights for crafting efficient management recommendations and informed conservation policies to safeguard moth communities.
Long‐term prognosis for teeth with external cervical resorption based on periapical images and cone beam CT: A clinical study
Authors: Suhr Villefrance Julie , Kirkevang Lise‐Lotte , Wenzel Ann , Væth Michael , Matzen Louise Hauge
Published: July 2024

Aim

To evaluate whether supplemental information from CBCT changed long‐term prognosis for teeth with external cervical resorption (ECR) compared to periapical (PA) images. Furthermore, to assess predictive findings in PA images and evaluate which findings in CBCT affected the long‐term prognosis of teeth with ECR.

Methodology

One hundred and ninty‐four patients, mean age 41.2, range 13–81, having 244 teeth with ECR were included. An initial long‐term prognosis determined either good or poor was established based on intraoral images. Afterwards, the patients underwent CBCT, and final long‐term prognosis was decided. From the PA images and CBCT, ECR using Heithersay's classification system, pulp involvement and extension of ECR was assessed. In CBCT, the number of surface lesion(s) was additionally assessed. Descriptive statistics evaluated changes in long‐term prognosis after CBCT. Logistic regression analyses tested if findings in PA images and CBCT affected the long‐term prognosis.

Results

Based on CBCT, out of 244 teeth the long‐term prognosis was assessed to be poor for 173 (70.9%) teeth and good for 71 (29.1%) teeth. The long‐term prognosis changed in 76 (31.1%) teeth after CBCT; 5 (2.0%) changed from poor to good, and 71 (29%) changed from good to poor long‐term prognosis. In 81 (33.2%) teeth the H‐class increased, and in 10 (4.1%) teeth the H‐class decreased after assessing CBCT. In 70 (28.7%) teeth, there was a change from no pulp involvement to involvement of the pulp after CBCT; eight (3.3%) teeth changed in the opposite direction. H‐class 2 and 4 in PA images significantly increased the probability for a change in long‐term prognosis compared to an H‐class 3 (p < .05). H‐class 4, pulp involvement, ECR in the oral 1/3 of the root, and more than two surface lesions seen in CBCT significantly influenced a poor long‐term prognosis (p < .05).

Conclusions

Supplemental information from CBCT changed long‐term prognosis in almost one third of teeth with ECR. In most cases, the long‐term prognosis changed from good to poor. H‐class 3 in PA images had a significant influence on change in long‐term prognosis. Several findings in CBCT influenced a poor long‐term prognosis.
Technical vocabulary in government spoken communications: The team of five million in bubbles, PPE and CBACs
Authors: Rossiter Timothy , Coxhead Averil
Published: July 2024

The New Zealand government delivered regular 1 p.m. televised COVID‐19 briefings from March 2020. These events had a crucial communicative function and were usually headed by top government and medical officials. This study focuses on technical vocabulary in a corpus made up of these briefings, including single words (grouped into technical word families) and acronyms (e.g., bubble and PPE) as well as the most frequent two to five‐word multiword units (MWUs; e.g., case numbers, genomic sequencing, and chains of transmission) containing at least one technical single‐word family member. The corpus consists of 20 prepared speeches: 10 each in 2020 and 2021 by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and Director‐General of Health Dr. Ashley Bloomfield (50,782 tokens). The results showed that 6.02% of the single‐word families (e.g., outbreak(‐s), contact(‐s/‐less)) in the texts were technical, which may present a challenge for comprehension. Unsurprisingly, the Director‐General of Health used more technical vocabulary than the Prime Minister. The top 20 MWUs containing technical vocabulary were identified in the corpus. Most were two‐word collocations (e.g., negative test, testing centre/s, and number of tests). Implications for identifying and dealing with technical vocabulary in both government communications and language education are discussed.
Effect of microwave roasting on chemical and bioactive compounds of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) kernels
Authors: Younis Mahmoud , Ahmed Isam Ali Mohamed , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Albakry Zainab
Published: July 2024

In the present study, the effect of microwave roasting on the total phenolic quantities, antioxidant activities, phenolic constituents, fatty acids and tocopherol amounts of the pistachio kernel and oil was revealed. The moisture, oil, total phenolic amounts and antioxidant capacity value of raw and roasted pistachio nuts were assessed as 31.13%, 28.58%, 34.79 mgGAE/100 g and 0.75%–3.18%, 56.91%, 18.80 mgGAE/100 g and 2.26%, respectively. The raw pistachio nut contains 1.90 gallic acid, 0.22 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 0.87 (+)‐catechin, 0.15 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, 0.15 rutin trihydrate, 0.16 resveratrol, 0.1 quercetin, 0.19 kaempferol and 0.24 mg/100 g isorhamnetin. In addition, microwave‐roasted nuts contained 0.75 gallic acid, 0.62 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 0.83 (+)‐catechin, 0.47 1,2‐dihydroxybenzene, 0.21 syringic acid, 0.17 caffeic acid and 0.17 mg/100 g quercetin. The raw and roasted pistachio nut oils contained 74.12% and 71.16% oleic, 13.76% and 15.23% linoleic, 8.16% and 8.92% palmitic and 2.09% and 2.10% stearic acids, respectively. The oil samples of the raw and roasted kernels contained 8.15 and 0.00 α‐tocopherol, 63.78 and 7.60 β‐tocopherol, 8.72 and 7.40 ɣ‐tocopherol and 5.61 and 6.77 mg g−1 δ‐tocopherols, respectively. The total phenolic quantity of the pistachio kernel roasted by microwave decreased significantly. Phenolic compounds of the pistachio kernel showed partial differences depending on microwave heating. Differences were monitored in the fatty acid profiles of Pistachio kernel oils. β‐tocopherol quantity of the oil of the pistachio kernel heated by microwave significantly decreased.
Effect of psyllium powder on the organoleptic properties of gluten‐free bread roll: application Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method
Authors: Hastaoğlu Emre , Göksel Saraç Meryem , Taşçi Şefahat , Can Özlem Pelin
Published: July 2024

Due to their gluten‐free dietary needs, celiac patients cannot find bread with the required texture characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of psyllium powder in the production of rice‐based, gluten‐free bread rolls. In this case, five different bread rolls were produced by adding different proportions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of psyllium powder combinations to bread dough made with rice flour. Moisture and ash content, colour values, volume, symmetry and uniformity indices, textural properties and sensory properties were taken into consideration. It was observed that the addition of psyllium powder gave the bread rolls a spongy structure and decreased the hardness values. As the amount of psyllium powder in the dough formulation increased, darkening in colour and increase in moisture values were observed. In addition, the bread sample psyllium powder and rice flour ratios (1:1) had the largest volume index value (98.67 mm), while the same product received the highest score in SAW techniques.
Exploring the antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of Syzygium cumini L. landraces: phytochemicals, bioactive constituents and pathway enrichment analysis
Authors: Gajera Harsukh P. , Hirpara Darshna G. , Gevariya Shila N. , Savaliya Disha D. , Parasana Jigar S.
Published: July 2024

This study proposes an efficient antidiabetic strategy by identifying potential mechanisms of antioxidant metabolism and α‐amylase inhibition in Syzygium cumini L. fruits. Six indigenous landraces of S. cumini were evaluated for major phytochemicals and bioactive constituents using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling and correlated with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties. Black jamin landrace‐6 (BJLR‐6), characterised by small fruits, exhibited greater 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and in vitro α‐amylase inhibition, especially in the kernel. The kernel of BJLR‐6 had the lowest IC50 for DPPH radicals (4.2 μg mL−1) and α‐amylase inhibition (5.3 μg mL−1). Therapeutic compounds like terpenoids in the pulp and alkaloids in the seed contribute to their curative potential. GC–MS profiling of BJLR‐6 revealed major bioactive constituents like propanamide, allantoic acid and 2‐furancarboxaldehyde in the pulp and alkaloids such as piperazine, 3‐pyridinol, imidazole and furan carboxaldehyde in the kernel tissues. Pathway enrichment analysis of bioactive constituents emphasises antioxidant and insulin‐regulating pathways, steroid hormone metabolism and signal transduction pathways associated with therapeutic/antidiabetic activity in fruit pulp and kernel tissues. This study unveils the phytochemical composition and novel bioactive constituents in the fruit parts of small‐fruited S. cumini BJLR‐6, emphasising their potential as a better source of functional herbal formulations.
Drying of extracts from Coriolus versicolor using the lyophilisation technique and their application in new industrially produced dehydrated soups
Authors: Stojanova Monika , Pantic Milena , Boev Blazo , Mihajlovic Dragana , Stojanova Marina Todor , Niksic Miomir
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to produce water and ethanol extract of the medicinal mushroom Coriolus versicolor, to lyophilise the extracts and to determine the influence of the lyophilised extracts, as a complete substitute for the MSG additive, on the sensory properties of industrially produced dehydrated vegetable soup. Based on SEM analysis, it can be observed that there are differences in the microstructure between the water and ethanol extracts. In the water extract, a great heterogeneity is observed in terms of structural characteristics. Water extract showed identical antimicrobial activity (15.7 mm) against Enterococcus faecalis compared to tetracycline, while the ethanol extract had identical antimicrobial activity (14.0 mm) compared to chloramphenicol. Both extracts can be competitive (P < 0.05) with BHT in terms of capturing DPPH radicals. According to the results of the sensory analysis, it can be noted that all analysed soups were well received (quality <70%) by the evaluators.
F2c.*C20209T mutation in patients with a history of thrombosis: A case report, retrospective 2 site‐results and review of the literature
Authors: Jambou Didier , Saut Noemie , Queyrel Viviane , Appert‐Flory Anny , Fischer Florence , Suchon Pierre , De Pooter Neila , Toulon Pierre
Published: July 2024

Introduction

G20210A (c.*97G>A) prothrombin gene variant, found in white population has been associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Other rare polymorphisms in F2 gene (C20209T) have been reported, more rare and touching black people, but its potential association with VTE remain uncertain.

Methods

About a 69 years‐old Caucasian woman presenting an unprovoked deep venous thrombosis of the leg, we analyzed retrospectively 25.000 thrombophilia tests on a 11‐year period of time (2007–2018), at Nice and Marseille University Hospitals, and performed extensive review of the literature.

Results

Genetic determination included a similar PCR protocol and sequencing. Twenty‐one heterozygous cases out of 25.585 determinations (0.08%) was found. The C20209T mutation detected in our Caucasian patient is rare, with a frequency that differed from what was reported in the previous literature, mainly in non‐Caucasian patients (Africans, Africans‐Americans, and Caribbeans). One hundred and thirteen patients with this mutation have been described in the literature, of which only one homozygous.

Conclusion

This study is the most important on C20209T mutation performed at present, allowing to precise its frequency and its potential role in venous thromboembolism.
Currency internationalization with Chinese characteristics: Is capital‐account convertibility required for the renminbi to acquire reserve‐currency status?
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Macaire Camille , Mehl Arnaud , Monnet Eric , Naef Alain
Published: July 2024

It is widely assumed that the renminbi (RMB) cannot acquire a meaningful place in central bank reserve portfolios without full liberalization of China's capital account. We argue that the RMB can in fact develop into an international reserve currency in the absence of capital‐account convertibility. Trade and investment links can drive use despite limited access to Chinese financial markets. But this route to currency internationalization requires policy support. China must provide access to RMB through loans and the People's Bank of China (PBoC) currency swaps. It must ensure the convertibility of RMB into US dollars in offshore markets. It must provide RMB services at a stable and predictable price. Currency internationalization without full capital‐account liberalization thus requires the RMB to be backed by dollar reserves, which the PBoC consequently will continue to hold and use. Hence, we do not foresee RMB internationalization as supplanting dollar dominance.
Who Cares? Service Users' Opinions and Opportunities for Family Involvement in Mental Health Care
Authors: Cameron Sarah L. A. , Laletas Stella , Gallo Cordoba Beatriz , McLean Louise
Published: July 2024

Involving families in mental health care can provide benefits to service users, their families and clinicians. However, family involvement is neither uniform nor routine. Understanding the complexities of this involvement is critical to improving application. This study sought to increase current knowledge about service users' opinions and opportunities for family involvement in mental health care. Data were collected from a total of 10 adult participants through 10 individual semi‐structured interviews of approximately 30 min each. Findings are reported in accordance with COREQ and EQUATOR guidelines. Thematic analysis identified several consistent themes: respect for service user opinions of family involvement; opportunities for family involvement; negative and positive service user opinions of family involvement. Our findings support previous appeals for routine family involvement in care but extend this charge with the assertion that as important is a customary discussion with service users to ask their opinions about this involvement. Establishing this dialogue prior to treatment commencement has the potential to alleviate or resolve service user concerns and potentially improve and/or increase how families are engaged.
Non‐destructive molecular methods to identify Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a major vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)
Authors: Qi Jingyu , Nan Junke , Zhao Xiaogu , Zhao Mengqin , Zhang Xiang , Gao Xiaomeng , Liang Chaoqiong , Fan Jiangbin , He Hong
Published: July 2024

Monochamus alternatus is one of the most important borers of conifers and the main vector of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It causes massive death of pine trees and seriously affects the health of forest ecosystems. Traditionally, adults or larvae are identified by morphological or molecular methods. However, diagnosing M. alternatus larvae at different instars collected from forests is expensive and time‐consuming. Non‐destructive molecular diagnostic protocols are, therefore, being developed to detect biological traces (i.e. exuviae, excreta) and to determine the distribution and spread of this pest. In this study, based on the alignment of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of M. alternatus and other insect species, we designed the primer pair of Mal‐SF/Mal‐SR and probe of Mal‐P for M. alternatus. TaqMan probe‐based qPCR was developed to identify the occurrence of M. alternatus in forests by amplifying the DNA samples obtained from its adult, larva, frass, excreta and exuviae. The amplification results were very effective. The lowest amount of M. alternatus DNA that could be detected with a Cq of 31.93 in the mixed samples was 0.64 pg, showing very high sensitivity. This assay can easily identify M. alternatus from other non‐target wood‐borer species using its frass and exuviae, providing a new diagnostic protocol for monitoring the occurrence and distribution of M. alternatus in forests.
New perspective on the role of Doru luteipes as a predator of the fall armyworm: Non‐consumptive effects, predatory preference and functional response
Authors: Rodrigues‐Silva Ana Luisa , Lopes Gualberto Patrick , Simão Sérgio Domingos , de Oliveira Izabela Regina Cardoso , Marucci Rosangela Cristina
Published: July 2024

In Brazil, the common earwig Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) is considered an important biocontrol agent for the maize crop, consuming the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and caterpillars from 1st to the 3rd instar. Despite this, several aspects of the interaction between these species have not yet been studied. We aim to evaluate the non‐consumptive effects of earwigs on the oviposition of moths, the earwig's predatory preference between eggs and neonates and its functional response to S. frugiperda eggs. In no‐choice tests between plants with or without the presence of the predator, S. frugiperda moths deposited a smaller number of eggs on plants with risk of predation. In choice‐based tests, earwigs initially attacked newborn caterpillars, but preferred to feed on eggs. Males and females fed more on eggs with increasing supply density and consumption was adjusted to the type II functional response curve. D. luteipes males were more efficient predators than females when exposed to higher egg densities. These findings clarify aspects of the predatory role of D. luteipes on S. frugiperda that had not yet been addressed and suggest that the earwig has potential for impacting the colonization and population growth of S. frugiperda in maize crops, if conditions are favourable to its early arrival.
Inequality and health: Can medical practice address the consequences of inequalities?
Authors: Peterson Chris L.
Published: July 2024

Background

The extent to which governments provide socioeconomic supports has been highlighted by their spending during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This has implications for patterns of inequality, in particular on exacerbating unequal health and well‐being.

Results

Inequity has expanded due to neoliberalism, a market‐based approach that has endured for more than four decades. Together with COVID‐19, it has developed and exposed many structural governance differences.

Discussion

There are a number of examples presented of the effects of inequalities on health and well‐being. The role of general practice in addressing these is discussed and challenges are highlighted, especially those relating to payment systems and workforce constraints.
Packing for your JCAMP journey and reflecting on lessons learned along the way
Authors: Johnson Diana Rugh , Schulterbrandt Beverly
Published: July 2024

State Court Improvement Programs (CIPs) are responsible for conducting assessments of their foster care and adoption laws and judicial processes, and developing and implementing projects that improve child welfare court practices and the delivery of legal services in child welfare. JCAMP, the Judicial, Court, and Attorney Measures of Performance, provides states with the tools to collect the data necessary to inform those projects and measure their success. This article walks CIPs, judges, child welfare agencies, attorneys, parents and youth with lived experience, and anyone else with an interest in improving the child welfare court system through the JCAMP implementation process while reflecting on lessons learned by jurisdictions currently using JCAMP to collect court data. Key takeaways from these states include the importance of diverse teams, strong project management, and long‐term planning for data use and project sustainability.
Lactococcus lactis MA5 is a potential autochthonous probiotic for nutrient digestibility enhancement and bacterial pathogen inhibition in hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus)
Authors: Huang Jing , Jordan Heather R. , Older Caitlin E. , Griffin Matt J. , Allen Peter J. , Wise David J. , Goodman Penelope M. , Reifers J. Grant , Yamamoto Fernando Y.
Published: July 2024

With the emergence of diseases, the U.S. catfish industry is under challenge. Current trends prefer autochthonous bacteria as potential probiotic candidates owing to their adaptability and capacity to effectively colonize the host's intestine, which can enhance production performance and bolster disease resistance. The objective of this study was to isolate an autochthonous bacterium as probiotic for hybrid catfish. Initially, an analysis of the intestinal microbiota of hybrid catfish reared in earthen ponds was conducted for subsequent probiotic development. Twenty lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the digesta of overperforming catfish, and most of the candidates demonstrated probiotic traits, including proteolytic and lipolytic abilities; antagonistic inhibition of catfish enteric bacterial pathogens, negative haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility. Subsequent to this screening process, an isolate of Lactococcus lactis (MA5) was deemed the most promising probiotic candidate. In silico analyses were conducted, and several potential probiotic functions were predicted, including essential amino acids and vitamin synthesis. Moreover, genes for three bacteriocins, lactococcin A, enterolysin A and sactipeptide BmbF, were identified. Lastly, various protectant media for lyophilization of MA5 were assessed. These findings suggest that Lactococcus lactis MA5 can be an autochthonous probiotic from hybrid catfish, holding promise to be further tested in feeding trials.
Identification of cellular and noncellular components of mature intact human peripheral nerve
Authors: Aparicio Gabriela I. , Quintero Jorge E. , Plum Lauren , Deng Lingxiao , Wanczyk Kristen , Henry Miriam , Lynch Evan , Murphy Michael , Gerhardt Greg A. , van Horne Craig G. , Monje Paula V.
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

The goal of this study was to define basic constituents of the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS) using intact human nerve tissues.

Methods

We combined fluorescent and chromogenic immunostaining methods, myelin‐selective fluorophores, and routine histological stains to identify common cellular and noncellular elements in aldehyde‐fixed nerve tissue sections. We employed Schwann cell (SC)‐specific markers, such as S100β, NGFR, Sox10, and myelin protein zero (MPZ), together with axonal, extracellular matrix (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin), and fibroblast markers to assess the SC's relationship to myelin sheaths, axons, other cell types, and the acellular environment.

Results

Whereas S100β and Sox10 revealed mature SCs in the absence of other stains, discrimination between myelinating and non‐myelinating (Remak) SCs required immunodetection of NGFR along with axonal and/or myelin markers. Surprisingly, our analysis of NGFR+ profiles uncovered the existence of at least 3 different novel populations of NGFR+/S100β− cells, herein referred to as nonglial cells, residing in the stroma and perivascular areas of all nerve compartments. An important proportion of the nerve's cellular content, including circa 30% of endoneurial cells, consisted of heterogenous S100β negative cells that were not associated with axons. Useful markers to identify the localization and diversity of nonglial cell types across different compartments were Thy1, CD34, SMA, and Glut1, a perineurial cell marker.

Interpretation

Our optimized methods revealed additional detailed information to update our understanding of the complexity and spatial orientation of PNS‐resident cell types in humans.
“All creatures great and small, welcome”: Animating accessible world design
Authors: Rowe Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Using four animated texts about anthropomorphic animals—Zootopia (2016), Sing (2016), Sing 2 (2021), and Zootopia+ (2022)—this article explores two related questions: How can animated films featuring cities for anthropomorphic animals rethink accessibility? How is accessibility sustained and/or adapted through continuations as seen in franchises and transmedia storytelling? I argue that the two series I analyze offer two different approaches to accessibility and the maintenance of it, one which works better than the other. This comparison suggests that accessibility needs to be an integral part of world design from the very beginning in order to stay stable over time.
Epidemiology of Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs in Denmark
Authors: Lundsgaard K.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the risk factors (age and breed group) associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum and Crenosoma vulpis infection in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Faecal examinations obtained in dogs from January 2016 to December 2021 as part of routine clinical practice at two veterinary clinics in the Odsherred region of Zealand, Denmark, were included in this study. Faecal samples were analysed using the Baermann technique for nematode detection. Samples were collected from two clinics located in Northwestern Zealand, Denmark. Multinomial regression analysis, quasi‐Poisson models and a generalised additive model for linearity were used to analyse the data.

Results

A total of 2,013 faecal samples were included in the study. Age was a significant risk factor for a positive Baermann, with a negative linear relationship observed (A. vasorum odds ratio: 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.70 to 0.91, C. vulpis odds ratio: 0.95, 95% confidence interval: 0.91 to 0.99, both nematodes: odds ratio: 0.87, 95% confidence interval: 0.77 to 0.99). Breed group analysis considering retrievers and flushing and water dog as reference group, demonstrated that sheep‐ and cattle dogs had a reduced risk of C. vulpis infection (odds ratio: 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.24 to 0.97), whereas dachshunds had an increased risk of A. vasorum infection (odds ratio: 3.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 9.47). Variations in the number of nematodes was found, with companion and toy dogs exhibiting higher numbers of C. vulpis (incidence rate ratio: 21.40, 95% confidence interval: 2.88 to 159) and sheep‐ and cattle dogs displaying higher numbers of A. vasorum (incidence rate ratio: 30.20, 95% confidence interval: 7.33 to 125). The prevalence rates of C. vulpis and A. vasorum were estimated at 14.50% (95% confidence interval: 13 to 16.10) and 3.40% (95% confidence interval: 2.70 to 4.30), respectively.

Clinical Significance

There are significant risk factors for nematode infection in dogs that can be considered for proper preventive care of this condition.
Phylogeography and paleoclimatic range dynamics explain variable outcomes to contact across a species' range
Authors: Lamb Keric , Debban Catherine L. , Galloway Laura F.
Published: July 2024

Replicability of divergence after contact is a poorly characterized process, particularly in the contexts of phylogeography and postglacial range dynamics within species. Using contact zones located at the leading‐, mid‐ and rear‐edges of a species' range, we examined variation in outcomes to contact between divergent lineages of Campanula americana. We investigated whether contact zones vary in quantity and directionality of gene flow, how phylogeographic structure differs between contact zones, and how historic range dynamics may affect outcomes to contact. We found that all contact zones formed at similar times via primary contact yet detected significant admixture in only the rear‐edge (RE) contact zone. In the northern leading‐edge contact zone and the mid‐range Virginia contact zone, gene flow was minimal and asymmetric. In the southern RE contact zone, gene flow was strong and symmetric. Asymmetric admixture in the leading‐edge and Virginia contact zones matches the directionality of a known cosmopolitan cytonuclear incompatibility between lineages of C. americana. Our results emphasize the dependence of speciation processes on phylogeographic structure, evolutionary history and range dynamics.
A speculative turn in science and philosophy of science
Authors: Perović Slobodan , Ćirković Milan
Published: July 2024

This paper describes the main features and goals of the speculative work in modern sciences that has greatly accelerated since World War II due to the exponential increase in computing power and newly available theoretical and conceptual tools. It points to the long historical strand of speculative philosophical work in symbiosis with the sciences, suggests the reasons for its unexpected neglect in contemporary professional philosophy of science, why it should be a major approach, and why such pursuit is not inevitable. Finally, the paper outlines potential topics, fields, and tools for such collaborative work and argues it is likelier to be more fruitful today than at any point in the past hundred years.