bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Dan Optimasi Rendering Pada Autodesk Maya Dengan Menggunakan UE4
Authors: Winarja Winarja , Suyanto M , Nasiri Asro
Published: March 2021

Proses rendering pada pembuatan film 3D animasi merupakan pekerjaan yang sangat memakan banyak waktu dikarenakan banyaknya frame yang diperlukan untuk membuat film 3D animasi. Pada proses rendering satu frame dalam film 3D animasi biasanya membutuhkan waktu hingga beberapa jam dikarenakan proses kalkulasi render yang terdiri dari data model, data shader, data texture, dan data lighting dalam sebuah shot pada adegan 3D animasi. Dengan menggunakan proses render secara frame per frame maka proses render akan memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga penulis akan melakukan penelitian pada proses rendering dengan menggunakan software game engine pada Unreal Engine 4 sebagai kalkulasi render secara realtime. Dari data yang semula dilakukan proses render pada software maya dan selanjutnya akan dilakukan perubahan data dari file maya diubah menjadi FBX file sebagai data yang akan di proses pada software Unreal Engine 4 (UE4). Dengan penggunaan game engine sebagai hasil akhir dalam menampilkan hasil render secara realtime sangatlah membantu dalam mendapatkan kelancaran pada sebuah proses produksi pada film 3D animasi. Kata Kunci—animasi 3D, rendering, real time render, game engine.The rendering process in making animated 3D movies is a very time-consuming job due to the large number of frames needed to make animated 3D films. In the rendering process one frame in an animated 3D movie usually takes up to several hours because the rendering calculation process consists of model data, shader data, texture data, and lighting data in a shot on a 3D animated scene. By using the rendering process in a frame per frame, the rendering process will require a long time so the writer will conduct research on the rendering process by using the game engine software on Unreal Engine 4 as a realtime rendering calculation. From the data that was originally done in the virtual software rendering process and then the data will be changed from the virtual file to be converted into FBX file as data that will be processed in the Unreal Engine 4 software (UE4). Using the game engine as the final result in displaying rendering results in realtime is very helpful in getting fluency in a production process in 3D animated films.Keywords—3D animation, rendering, real time rendering, game engine.
Moğolların Meyyâfârikîn Kuşatması
Authors: ŞAHİN Mustafa , DEMİR Mert
Published: March 2021

Cengiz Han’ın ölümünden kısa bir süre sonra Moğol imparatorluğunun toprakları üzerinde dört büyük devlet açığa çıktı. Bu devletlerden biri de merkezi Tebriz olmak üzere Hülagü Han’ın kurduğu İlhanlılardır.

Hülagü, kendisine 1253 yılındaki kurultayda verilen görevi yerine getirmek için yola çıktı. 1256 yılında İsmâilîlere, 1258 yılında Abbâsî Halîfeliği’ne son verdi. Daha sonra üçüncü görevi olan Suriye ve Mısır’ı almak için Azerbaycan’dan harekete geçti. Bağdad kuşatması sırasında Abbâsî Halîfeliği’ne destek olmak amacıyla asker gönderen ve Moğollara tâbi olmayı reddeden Eyyûbîlerin Meyyâfârîkîn hâkimi el-Kâmil’in itaat altına alınması için oğlu Yaşmut’u görevlendirdi. Moğol ordusunda Bedreddîn Lü’lü gibi Müslüman müttefiklerin yanı sıra Ermeni ve Gürcü birlikler de bulunuyordu. Yaşmut, teslim olması için el-Kâmil’e elçi gönderdi. Teklifi reddeden el-Kâmil, sağlam surlara sahip Meyyâfârikîn şehrini, halkıyla yekvücut olup savunmaya başladı. Yaklaşık iki yıl boyunca kuşatma altına alınan Meyyâfârikîn açlık ve susuzluğa mahkûm edildikten sonra teslim olmak zorunda kaldı. Şehir teslim alındıktan sonra burada kalan insanlar Moğollar tarafından katledildi. Hülagü’nün emriyle, el-Kâmil’in vücudundan koparılan et parçaları ağzına verilerek yapılan işkence ile öldürüldü. El-Kâmil’in kesilen başı Suriye’nin büyük şehirlerinde Moğollar ve onların destekçileri tarafından zafer nişânesi olarak dolaştırıldıktan sonra bir mızrağın ucunda takılarak uzun bir müddet teşhir edildi. Ayn-ı Calut Savaşı’nı kazanan Memlûklar onun kesik başını Şam’da defnettiler. Kuşatma ile harap olan Meyyâfârikîn ise uzun bir müddet kendini toparlayamayarak küçük bir şehir halinde kaldı.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; el-Kâmil ve Meyyâfârikîn şehrinin Moğollara karşı direnişin sembolü haline gelmelerini ilim âlemine ayrıntılı şekilde tanıtmaktır.
Historical Approaches to the Issue of Etymology, Statehood and Identity of Azerbaijan
Authors: JANNATOGLU JANNATOV Asim
Published: March 2021

Azerbaijan and Iran as neighbouring countries have a very ancient history and rich culture. It is completely wrong approach to equate Azerbaijan and Iran or to consider Azerbaijan an integral part of Iran. Sometimes historians and researchers talk about these two countries separately, and sometimes they consider Azerbaijan as an integral part of Iranian geography. However, if we pay attention to the early days of history, we can see that Azerbaijan and Iran were completely different countries that were not connected. Azerbaijan was formed as geography inhabited by Turks in the early Middle Ages and was not connected to Iran. On the other hand, Iran has a more federal structure and is formed as a multinational geography. If we pay attention to the etymology of the name of Azerbaijan, the history of statehood and the existing historical approaches to its identity, we can see that this country initially has not been a part of Iran and was formed as an independent state.
Sport in Central Asia under Gorbachev: Uzbekistan from 1985 to 1991
Authors: AKYİLDİZ Sevket
Published: March 2021

This paper assesses the modern and traditional sports during the last six years of the Soviet Union before its collapse in 1991. The case study is the Central Asian republic of Uzbekistan under the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU, established 1917). Central Asia is a crucial historical case because it was a Muslim-majority region that Moscow wished to transform. The study is interdisciplinary and contains primary and secondary sources from the Cold War era. The research question asks: What did the implementation and impact of Soviet sport look like in Uzbekistan under Mikhail Gorbachev (CPSU leader from March 1985 to December 1991). Uzbekistan’s sportspeople, facilities, Spartakiad ranking of 1983, Olympic athletes, and traditional sports are the topics examined.
Discursul juridic. 0 introducere. (I)
Authors: Vasilescu Paul
Published: March 2021

Researching the law, as a formal source of legal norms, seams incomplete without portraying the role and function of the discourse about the law itself. Two kinds of texts: the one of the law and another, about-the-law, compose a peculiar discourse (textual or not). We analyse this discourse to know if the law exists by itself, or if it exists only as some kind of law, adjectivated and described.
Hungarian Civil Procedure Provisions during the state of danger
Authors: Pribula László
Published: March 2021

In March 2020, the Hungarian civil procedure faced an extraordinary challenge by the unpredictable but widely threatening Covid-19 epidemic, which necessitated the introduction of provisions as effective as possible to protect public health. The task was challenging because the public does not only expect the courts to settle the legal disputes righteously, but, based on a century-long development in the history of law, the requirement of verbal and direct hearings has become of accentuated importance. The traditional model of civil cases centres around the public institution of hearings with the simultaneous presence of the judge, the parties, and their representatives, as well as other actors in the case. Simultaneously, the legislator accentuated the importance of concentrated and rapid case management, especially in the past few years. The extraordinary situation caused by the epidemic might have raised the complete close-down of courts. But, as there is no court proceeding without hearings, this solution could not have been acceptable by either the parties seeking to assert their rights or by court employees for reasons of human resources management, as the judgements of legal disputes would have been postponed for an undefined period. The interests of both the citizens seeking justice and the court employees could be fulfilled by a solution that created the conditions of uninterrupted jurisdiction and the avoidance of personal contacts to protect their health. After a necessary period of preparation resulting from the unexpected situation, this extremely difficult issue was solved by the Government Decree 74/2020 (from 31 of March), officially abbreviated as Veir., which did not abrogatethe generally effectual procedure rules, but merely adjusted them to the specificities of the crisis situation. The same happened to the civil procedure too. During the period of the state of danger, in contentious (and noncontentious) cases, depending on the date of bringing of the action, the regulations of either Act III of 1952 (the 1952 Civil Procedure Code, henceforth 1952 Pp.), in force until the 31 of December 2017, or Act CXXX of 2016 (the current Civil Procedure Code, hereafter Pp.), in power from the 1 of January 2018, were applicable, with the amendments included in the government decrees. This different regulation formed the special state of danger procedure law to mitigate the consequences of the epidemic.
Correlation of odontogenic infection severity score with C-reactive protein levels on patients with odontogenic infection in Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Authors: Prihandana Ariyaka Niastya , Yusuf Harmas Yazid , Nurwiadh Agus , Lismayanti Leni
Published: March 2021

Introduction:  Head and neck infections commonly caused by spreading odontogenic infection, which able to cause a local and systemic manifestation, from mild to severe complications according to its severity. Assessment of the severity of odontogenic infections is essential to determine the prognosis, assessed through local and systemic parameters. Laboratory examination used to examine the biological marker that indicates the ongoing infection. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein synthesised by hepatocytes in response to the body's inflammatory process, including odontogenic infection. This study was aimed to analyse the severity score of odontogenic infections using the CRP levels in patients with odontogenic infections. Methods: An analytic study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 30 patients of Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung diagnosed with odontogenic infections, determined by calculations according to Hosmer and Lemeshow. Assessment of the severity score in odontogenic infections and quantitative CRP levels with the Dimension tool was conducted afterwards. Correlation between odontogenic infection severity score and CRP levels was analysed using regression and correlation tests. Results: From 30 subjects, there was found 33.3% with mild severity score, 63.3% moderate score and 3.3% severe score. The mean of the CRP level was significantly increased according to the odontogenic severity scoring category. All research subjects who were examined showed that there was a very strong and significant correlation (p-value<0.05) between the severity of odontogenic infections and CRP levels in odontogenic infection patients with a correlation coefficient r=0.84 (p=0.001). Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the CRP levels and the severity score of odontogenic infection. The higher the CRP levels, the odontogenic infection will be more severe. Therefore, the CRP level might be considered an additional biomarker in supporting the severity of odontogenic infection in clinical practice.
Expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 after application of the Queen's crepe-myrtle leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa) and aloe vera extract gel in the wound healing process of hyperglycemic
Authors: Razi Fachrul , Hardianto Andri , Riawan Lucky , Priosoeryanto Bambang Pontjo
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) have a role in stimulating the proliferation and migration of various types of cells in the wound healing process. Hyperglycemic conditions can disrupt the wound healing process. Lagerstroemia speciosa are known to have antyphyerglycemic and antioxidant effects. Aloe vera is a plant that has been used for long time in topical treatment of wounds.This study was aimed to analyse the FGF-2 expressions on the wound healing process of subjects with hyperglycemia after application of Queen's crepe-myrtle leaf (Lagerstroemia speciosa) and aloe vera extracts gel. Methods: A pure experimental study was conducted with simple random sampling. The sample was 27 experimental animals (CI 95%; power test 80%) of Sprague Dawley rat induced to have a hyperglycemic state using alloxan and had their palate injured. The immunohistochemical examination was performed to assess FGF-2 expression level. Samples were divided into three groups with a simple random sampling technique: nine of the rats received the Lagerstroemia speciosa extract gel application; nine rats received the aloe vera extract gel application on the injured palate; another nine rats in the control group. Examination of the FGF-2 expression level was performed on the third, seventh, and fourteenth observation days. Results: Overall, the control group had a significant difference with the Lagerstroemia speciosa and aloe vera extract gel group (p-value<0.05), however, the Lagerstroemia speciosa group did not have any significant difference with the aloe vera group (0.123>0.05). Conclusion: There was no difference in the amount of FGF-2 expressions on the wound healing process of the injured palatal tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats with hyperglycemic after application of the Lagerstroemia speciosa and aloe vera extract gel.
Effect of sodium fluoride in chlorhexidine mouthwashes on force decay and permanent deformation of orthodontic elastomeric chain
Authors: Sufarnap Erliera , Harahap Kholidina Imanda , Terry Terry
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Orthodontic elastomeric chain is polyurethane elastomer that is widely used among orthodontists due to its functions. Chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are listed in mouthwash composition which could affect the mechanical properties of the elastomeric chain. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of sodium fluoride in chlorhexidine mouthwashes on force decay and permanent deformation of orthodontic elastomeric chains. Methods: This research is an experimental analytic laboratory with pretest-posttest control group design. 150 samples of orthodontic chains were divided into three groups. Group 1: artificial saliva (control group); Group 2: 0,1% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX); Group 3: 0,1% chlorhexidine digluconate with sodium fluoride solution (CHX-NaF). The orthodontic elastomeric chain was stretched and maintained at a standardized distance equivalent to a force of 300 g. The measurement of force decay and permanent deformation were performed with digital force gauge and digital caliper (0.01mm) at intervals of the first, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days, respectively. Results: The force decay and permanent deformation of the elastomeric chain compared between three groups (control, CHX mouthwash and CHX+NaF mouthwash) showed did not have any significantly different (p-value>0,05) at the first, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days, respectively. Conclusion: Sodium fluoride in chlorhexidine mouthwash showing no significant difference among saliva, CHX mouthwash and CHX+NaF mouthwash on force decay and permanent deformation of elastomeric chain.
Alternaria spores in the air of selected Polish cities in 2020
Authors: Dąbrowska-Zapart Katarzyna , Chłopek Kazimiera , Lipiec Agnieszka , Puc Małgorzata , Malkiewicz Małgorzata , Szczygielski Kornel , Ziemianin Monika , Siergiejko Zenon , Rapiejko Piotr
Published: March 2021

The study compares the course of the spore season of Alternaria in Bialystok, Cracow, Olsztyn, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Sosnowiec, Szczecin, Warsaw, and Wroclaw in 2020. The investigations were conducted using the volumetric method. Alternaria spore season was defined as the period in which 90% of the annual total catch occurred. The Alternaria season started first in Bialystok on May 19 and lasted on June 28 in Wroclaw. The highest airborne concentration of 1052 Alternaria spores/m3 was noted in Wroclaw on July 30. The highest annual sum of Alternaria spores (SPI) was observed in Warsaw (19 390 spores) and the lowest in Bialystok (5769 spores). Most days, the threshold concentration inducing symptoms in allergic persons occurred in Piotrków Trybunalski, Szczecin, and Warsaw.
International Legal Measures to Ensure the Safety of Navigation
Authors: Vasiliev S. A.
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION. The development of public relations in the field of international trade transportation presupposes new conditions for their safety. This work represents a failure of an attempt to conduct such a study and a comprehensive understanding of the problems existing in this area, as well as the search for ways to solve them by international legal mechanisms. In parallel, certain organizational and legal measures were proposed, and the problems of certain aspects of merchant shipping were also raised.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. For the preparation of this work, the normative legal acts, both domestic and international, were considered, the positions of scientists – representatives of different states. A comparison of legal norms and practice of their application was carried out on the basis of available information materials. Within the framework of this work, methods of analysis, comparative legal method, deduction were also used. On this basis, the modeling of ways of possible optimization of the activities of subjects of international law, specializing in security issues, was carried out.

RESEARCH RESULTS. In essence, the content of the article is the main part devoted to the problems of ensuring the safety of maritime transportation, introductory and concluding parts. The latter reflects the main conclusion devoted to the formulation of the question of the possibility of combining the efforts of various actors to ensure the integrated safety of merchant shipping, which can be combined in a single international legal document. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to place special emphasis on mandatory law enforcement and other punitive measures. Economic and reputational mechanisms are quite applicable, stimulating the activities of states to create all the necessary conditions for safe navigation in the relevant waters.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The application of this proposal in practice can potentially have an organizational and legal impact on the policies of various states and individual subjects of commercial activity in terms of ensuring maximum protection of the widest range of subjects of sea trade.
Russian insurance market: Problems of functioning and growth drivers in times of the coronavirus crisis
Authors: GRISHINA Ol'ga A. , DRYUK Tais V.
Published: March 2021

Subject. The article investigates indicators of certain segments of the Russian insurance market in 2020, key problems of the market functioning in the context of the coronavirus crisis, and possible solutions.
Objectives. Our aim is to identify key problems in the market functioning in conditions of the coronavirus crisis, propose measures to solve them, and specify the market growth drivers in the short term.
Methods. We perform a content analysis of available sources and use statistical data for the period under review.
Results. The study reveals that at the current stage of the Russian insurance market development, all its key growth drivers are associated with the sales channel of banks. This highlights imbalances in the structure of sales channels for insurance products, the underdevelopment of the direct sales channel, and, consequently, imbalances in the structure of the Russian financial market. It is obvious that the level of confidence of the Russian people in the banking sector is higher than in the insurance sector, and the sale of a significant share of insurance products stems from the requirements of banks when they sell their credit products.
Conclusions. The insurance sector is highly integrated with the banking sector. Furthermore, it is extremely susceptible to crisis phenomena in the credit market. To overcome this dependence, it is crucial to implement a set of measures to increase the level of insurance culture of the Russian people, their awareness of existing and newly created insurance products, the benefits of insurance, in combination with measures for boosting the effective demand.
The Wind in Reeds: A Storm, A Play, and The City That Would Not Be Broken
Authors: Jones Madison
Published: March 2021

Edited by: Wendell PierceReviewed by: Madison Jones, Intern, To Write Love on Her Arms
The Office of Mercy
Authors: Flowers Kyle
Published: March 2021

Edited by: Ariel DjanikianReviewed by: Kyle Flowers
How a Public Relations Crisis Led to the Development of a Partnership Between Academics and Student Affairs to Enhance Student Success.
Authors: Smith Steven , Brophy Tom , Daniels Adam
Published: March 2021

In 2013, a public relations crisis led a mid-size university to reconsider the concept of student success on campus. Collaborations between Academic and Student Affairs leaders have resulted in important changes at the university. The university developed increased ability to support student success by investing in staff positions, exploring best practices to increase student success and retention, and implementing several initiatives including a first-year seminar pilot. Relying on data from national surveys, areas for improvement were identified. Underscoring all of these activities was a focus on student development theory, an increased understanding of institutional data, and a commitment to a comprehensive pan-institutional approach. Because the university has a lower than desired graduation rate (55%), several action teams were created to oversee various goals related to communications, year-long orientation experiences, and an academic anchor. Ultimately, this work has now reached the stage where a strategic enrollment management plan is under creation.
"This Research that We are Doing is Just the Beginning of the Conversation”: Undergraduate Researchers Enacting Literacies of Relationality
Authors: Watson Vaughn , Oviatt Rae , Flennaugh Terry , Byrd Chauntel , Deloach Regina , Jackson Sarah , Pugh Jewel
Published: March 2021

We extend theoretical perspectives of critical listening and storying with undergraduate researchers of Color as they conducted a Youth Participatory Action Research inquiry. Undergraduate researchers designed, analyzed, and shared findings of their photovoice project examining their transition experiences to a PwI. We asked: what literacy activities do undergraduate researchers of Color enact during the photovoice project; and how are undergraduate researchers’ literacy activities shaping and, in turn, shaped by contexts of relationality? We conceptually frame our work as extending notions of quilting across African Diaspora women’s communities. We discuss how undergraduate co-researchers enact literacies of relationality while examining transition experiences of first-year students of Color. This stance-taking considers how educational communities including teachers, teacher educators, education researchers, and student affairs educators may meaningfully incorporate knowledge, perspectives, and questions of preservice teachers of Color, which are an integral part of transition experiences of undergraduate researchers and future teachers.
Theatrical Illness: Tuberculosis and HIV as Presented by "La Boheme" and "Rent"
Authors: Downing Jessica
Published: March 2021

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "The musical Rent made its Broadway debut on January 25, 1996, a century after the opening performance of the opera, La Boheme. This correlation was a coincidence, though Rent draws significantly on the story of La Boheme, to the extent that a New York Times reviewer deemed it a "contemporary answer to Puccini's 'Boheme."' Each of these productions presents the troubles and tragedies of the bohemian lifestyle in a specific time and place-La Boheme in Paris during the 1830s and Rent in New York City during 1989. Disease, too, is a major theme in each: tuberculosis in La Boheme, and HIV in Rent. Each of the plays illustrate the different effects of the diseases with respect to conceptions of life and death, identity, spiritual promotion, and time. The historical and medical contexts of tuberculosis and HIV manifest in different perceptions of diagnosis and contagion. The extent of influence La Boheme had on Rent calls for a comparison of the representations of these two diseases in their respective historical contexts."
Positive Women: Emotion, Memory, and the Power of Narrative in Women Organized to Respond to Life-Threatening Diseases, 1991-2020
Authors: Naiman Eleanor
Published: March 2021

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "By 1992, the AIDS epidemic in the United States had reached seemingly catastrophic proportions. Over ten years after the first published report of AIDS-related lung infection, the number of AIDS cases in the United States far exceeded 100,000. It would be four years until the FDA approval of the first protease inhibitor. Over ten thousand women had been diagnosed with the disease, and experts expected over ninety thousand more were already infected. The disease, lacking effective treatment, increasingly struck women and people of color in the early 1990s; cases rose 151 percent among women and by 105 percent among men in 1993. Without a cure in sight, women with HIV did not have much tangible reason for optimism. Nonetheless, in January 1992 Debra McCarthy cast her HIV diagnosis as the turning point in her journey towards personal fulfillment. “Even though I may be HIV positive,” she wrote, “I am more healed in my life than I ever have been.”"
Local Stability of Cournot Equilibrium as the Number of Firms Increases
Authors: Adyda Ibrahim  , Nerda Zura Zaibidi  , Azizan Saaban
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a Cournot oligopoly with isoelastic demand function and constant marginal cost is considered. The local stability conditions of the Cournot equilibrium are determined for four models with different decision mechanisms. In the first model, firms adjust their outputs using the best reply response with naive expectations. The second model is a generalization of the first one, where firms have adaptive expectations. Meanwhile, the third and fourth models adopt the bounded rationality and local monopolistic approximation, respectively. The results show that, in the case of identical firms, the Cournot equilibrium is always stable when the firms adopt the local monopolistic approximation mechanism.
The Effects of Media Coverage on the Dynamics of Disease in Prey-Predator Model
Authors: Walaa Madhat Alwan  , Huda Abdul Satar
Published: March 2021

In this paper, an eco-epidemiological model with media coverage effects is established and studied. An -type of disease in predator is considered.  All the properties of the solution of the proposed model are discussed. An application to the stability theory was carried out to investigate the local as well as global stability of the system. The persistence conditions of the model are determined. The occurrence of local bifurcation in the model is studied. Further investigation of the global dynamics of the model is achieved through using a numerical simulation.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dan ZPT Alami terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi Salibu di Sawah Basah
Authors: Garfansa Marchel Putra , Iswahyudi FNU , Ramly Moh
Published: March 2021

Salibu adalah sistem budidaya dengan tunas tanaman padi yang tumbuh dari tunggul yang telah dipanen, sehingga dapat memberikan tambahan produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pupuk organik cair (POC) Eco Farming dan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) alami pada pertumbuhan padi salibu. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pertanian di Desa Pademawu Timur, Kecamatan Pademawu, Kabupaten Pamekasan. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial yang terdiri dari 4 macam perlakuan yaitu Kontrol  (P0), ZPT 14 ml/L (P1), Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Eco Farming 3 ml/L (P2), dan ZPT 14 ml/L + Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Eco Farming 3 ml/L (P3). Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 16 perlakuan dengan uji lanjut BNT 5%. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah Pemberian POC yang dikombinasikan dengan ZPT mampu memberikan pertumbuhan yang baik pada tanaman padi salibu.
Sistemas de comercialización de café (Coffea arabica L) en la región Amazonas 2018
Authors: De La Cruz Alvarado Robert Merardo , Guivin Guadalupe Alex
Published: March 2021

El sector cafetalero es el más significativo del sector agrícola peruano, y el café es considerado actualmente como uno de los principales productos de agroexportación. La situación actual del sector muestra que, si bien en un momento mostró un crecimiento acelerado, en los últimos años se observa una disminución en la producción y rendimiento del cultivo, debido a la infestación de la plaga de roya en los cultivos del año 2013. Actualmente el sector se viene recuperando, y esta situación se viene revirtiendo con la colaboración del Estado y las empresas privadas con la colaboración de entidades como son La Cámara Peruana del Café y del Cacao, El Ministerio de Agricultura y Riego en sus direcciones de Sierra y Selva Exportadora, Dirección de Transparencia y Acceso la información pública y Dirección de estadística agraria, el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Turismo mediante PROMPERU entre otras. En el presente trabajo de investigación Sistemas de comercialización para la exportación del café (coffea arabica L.) en la Región Amazonas, se presenta la estructura y sus diferentes etapas, el rendimiento y productividad de los cultivos los cuales permitirán impulsar dichos productos con un valor agregado para buscar el desarrollo sostenible del sector.
Percepción y consumo de plantas medicinales en los profesionales de enfermería, hospitales red asistencial-EsSalud, Amazonas – 2018.
Authors: Silva Díaz Yshoner Antonio , Aguilar Guevara Luz Edith
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación de enfoque cuantitativo fue de nivel descriptivo, de corte transversal prospectivo; se realizó con el objetivo de diagnosticar la percepción y consumo de plantas medicinales en os profesionales de enfermería, Hospitales Red Asistencial-EsSalud, Amazonas-2018. La muestra estuvo constituida por 61 profesionales de enfermería. Se utilizó como instrumentos: el cuestionario de percepción y de consumo de las plantas medicinales. Los resultados: existe relación altamente significativa sobre la percepción y consumo de las plantas medicinales por los profesionales de enfermería de la Red Asistencia EsSalud Amazonas (X2=4,33; Gl=4; p=0.649 > 0.05); la percepción es buena con el 69.4% y un alto consumo con un 85.5%; el consumo de plantas medicinales por los profesionales de enfermería según el sexo masculino es alto con el 32% y en las mujeres es de 52%. Las conclusiones: la percepción de las plantas medicinales de los profesionales de enfermería existe una percepción buena y regular. Los profesionales de enfermería de los hospitales de la Red Asistencial Amazonas – EsSalud, presentan un consumo alto de las plantas medicinales; tanto los varones y las mujeres muestran buena percepción sobre las plantas medicinales, de igual forma existe un alto consumo.
Cultura tributaria para el incremento de los ingresos a los comerciantes del mercado modelo, Chachapoyas, 2018
Authors: Hinojosa Salazar Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar como la cultura tributaria incrementará los ingresos a los comerciantes del mercado modelo de la ciudad de Chachapoyas, 2018. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se hizo uso del método descriptivo que permitió describir las variables de estudio. La muestra de estudio estuvo conformada por 149 comerciantes de la ciudad de Chachapoyas. El muestreo aplicado fue no probabilística intencional. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta. En los resultados se muestra que para los comerciantes del Mercado Modelo de la ciudad de Chachapoyas los tributos no contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, percepción causada por la falta de conocimiento sobre cultura tributaria; lo que limita su desarrollo económico y social. Concluyendo que los comerciantes del Mercado Modelo de la ciudad de Chachapoyas tienen un nivel de conocimiento bajo en el tema de tributación; este bajo conocimiento generalmente se debe a la informalidad de las actividades de los pequeños empresarios.
Taller de cuentos madre naturaleza para mejorar las actitudes ambientales de estudiantes de primaria, Luya 2018
Authors: Rivera Sopla Kelly Rocio , Hidalgo Velaysosa Ivon Perpetua
Published: March 2021

El estudio de tipo cuantitativo–cualitativo, con pre test-post test y grupo control, tuvo como propósito determinar la influencia del taller cuentos “Madre naturaleza” en la mejora de actitudes ambientales. Se trabajó con 20 estudiantes de nivel primaria durante dos meses. Las actividades estuvieron relacionadas con el tratamiento de los residuos sólidos, el uso adecuado de pilas y la conservación del mono choro cola amarilla. Los resultados demuestran que hubo influencia significativa en el cambio de actitudes ambientales cognitivas (de 6,65 puntos en el pre test a 17,5 puntos en el post test con un valor de la prueba Z = 0,435 en el pre test y 0,074 en el post test), actitudes ambientales afectivas (de 20,60 puntos en el pre test a 28,60 puntos en el post test con un valor de la prueba Z = 0,080 en el pre test y 0,008 en el post test), y actitudes ambientales conductuales reflejándose en el desarrollo de 27 actividades colectivas, tanto en la escuela y fuera de ella. El aporte principal del trabajo es haber logrado alta participación comprometida de los estudiantes en acciones de mitigación, así como haber incrementado sus conocimientos y valoración por los recursos naturales y el consecuente cambio de actitudes respecto a la problemática ambiental.
Admisión judicial, disposición ﬁscal de archivo y los ﬁnes de la Ley Nº 30364
Authors: Chávez Vásquez Alicia Sadit , Guevara Aranda Roberto
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como principal objetivo determinar el nivel de afectación del auto de admisión judicial y la disposición ﬁscal de archivo en el cumplimiento de los ﬁnes de la Ley Nº 30364. Ley para prevenir sancionar y erradicar la violencia contra la mujer y los integrantes del grupo familiar. Para tal efecto, se estudió 130 expedientes del Juzgado Mixto de Chachapoyas, l30 disposiciones de archivo de la Fiscalía Provincial Penal Corporativa de Chachapoyas, además se utilizó la técnica de ﬁchaje, se aplicó el cuestionario a los expertos entiéndase como tal a los Fiscales Penales y Jueces especializados, abogados litigantes en materia penal y civil, encontrándose lo siguiente, para el 62.5% de encuestados existe una afectación muy alta al cumplimiento de los ﬁnes de la Ley N° 30364, asimismo se encontró que el 77% de agraviados lo representan las mujeres mientras que de los entrevistados el 100% considera que no se logra la reparación del daño causado, perseguir con eﬁcacia a los agresores, tampoco logra la sanción con justicia ni mucho menos reeduca a los agresores, incumpliendo con los ﬁnes para la cual ésta fue creada. desprotegiendo a las víctimas mayormente mujeres violentadas físicamente psicológicamente o sexualmente.
Nivel de conocimiento sobre los efectos del cambio climático, distrito Bongará, Amazonas, Perú, 2019
Authors: Panduro Bazán de Lázaro Hilda
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre los efectos del cambio climático, en el distrito Bongará, Amazonas, Perú, 2019. La población estuvo constituida por 1 800 habitantes del Puente San Jerónimo, Palo Seco, Donce, Nuevo Churuja, Churuja, Nuevo Horizonte, Matiaza Rimachi, Cocahuayco y puente Tingorbamaba determinándose una muestra de 73 pobladores. Los métodos utilizados fueron el inductivo-deductivo y el analítico-sintético. Se aplicó una encuesta para la recolección de la información (pre y post). Se encontró que, en la pre encuesta, solamente el 7 % tuvieron el nivel de conocimiento bueno, mientras que el 32% obtuvieron el nivel regular y el 62 % el nivel malo. Sin embargo, en la post encuestan se observó que, el 31,5 % obtuvo el nivel conocimiento bueno, el 48% regular y el malo se redujo al 20,5%, predominando el nivel regular, ninguno de los encuestados aparece en el nivel excelente. Se concluye que predomina nivel de conocimiento regular sobre los efectos del cambio climático.
El machismo en las familias de la comunidad de Numpatkaim, Imaza, Amazonas, 2019
Authors: Chávez Anjis Ander Leiva , Kunchikui Akuts Leo , Farje Escobedo José Darwin
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito, identiﬁcar actitudes machistas en las familias de la comunidad de Numpatkaim, distrito de Imaza, provincia de Bagua, región Amazonas, durante el año 2019; la investigación es de naturaleza no experimental, con diseño descriptivo simple. La muestra estuvo conformada por 100 pobladores (50 padres y 50 madres de familias); el instrumento utilizado fue una escala de actitudes frente al machismo, se establecieron tres niveles de actitudes machistas: bajo, medio y alto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el 68% de los encuestados maniﬁestan un alto nivel de actitudes machistas en la dimensión dominio masculino, y un reducido 1% se ubica en el nivel bajo. En la dimensión roles domésticos y sociales, el 51% muestran un alto nivel de actitudes machistas y solamente el 5% está en el nivel bajo; en la dimensión superioridad masculina, el 53% de los padres y madres de familia muestran un alto nivel de actitudes machistas y sólo el 3% se ubica en el nivel bajo; y ﬁnalmente, en la dimensión roles sexuales, el 43% dice tener un alto nivel de actitudes machistas, frente a un 7% que se ubica en el nivel bajo; demostrando que existe una fuerte dependencia de la mujer hacia el hombre, asociada a la cosmovisión awajún, que considera al hombre más fuerte y que encabeza la familia; en tanto que, la mujer cumple tareas domésticas y tiene muchas restricciones en el entorno familiar.
Accidentes cerebrovasculares en personas atendidas en el Hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima, Chachapoyas, Perú
Authors: Vela Zuta Hitler Adolfo , Ordinola Ramírez Carla María
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el porcentaje de accidentes cerebrovasculares en las personas atendidas en el Servicio de Tomografía del Hospital Regional Virgen de Fátima Chachapoyas, enero a junio, 2019. La población muestral estuvo conformada por 32 personas atendidas. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó la técnica de observación y como instrumento una ﬁcha de recolección de datos. Los resultados mostraron que 19 fueron hombres con un porcentaje de 59.4% y 13 mujeres con un porcentaje de 40.6%. Según el tipo de accidente cerebrovascular, 19 personas padecieron del tipo isquémico con un porcentaje de 59.4% y 13 personas padecieron del tipo hemorrágico con un porcentaje de 40.6%. Según sus edades en ambos sexos, los de mayor a 65 años presentaron un mayor porcentaje (68.8%) de accidente cerebrovascular y de 12-18 años presentaron una menor porcentaje (3.1%) y según su procedencia, en la zona rural presentaron un mayor porcentaje (68.75%) de accidente cerebrovascular y en la zona urbana presentaron un menor porcentaje (31.25%).
Caracterización químico nutricional de tres semillas de oleaginosas disponibles en la región Amazonas
Authors: Goñas Katerin , Bernal Wilmer
Published: March 2021

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue la caracterización de tres semillas de oleaginosas de la región Amazonas. Los siguientes parámetros evaluados fueron: humedad (H), proteína cruda (nitrógeno total) (%PT), cenizas (CZA%), fibra cruda (FC), extracto etéreo (EE), extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN). Además se determinó energía bruta (EB), fibra detergente acida (FDA), fibra detergente neutra (FDN%), porcentaje de calcio (Ca) y fosforo (P) y digestibilidad in vitro. Las semillas de oleaginosas fueron semilla de Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volúbilis linneo ) semilla de Higuerilla (Ricinus communis) y semilla de Chía {salvia hispánica). La clasificación final de dichos insumos se realizó por la concentración de nutrientes en proteicos, energéticos y fibrosos. Concluyendo que en la región Amazonas las semillas de oleaginosas poseen un alto potencial nutricional para la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, es necesario la caracterización del perfil de aminoácidos y componentes anti nutricionales en los insumos identificados.
Efecto de la castración química en el rendimiento y calidad de carcasa del cuy (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Santillán Mendoza Litman Keler , Bardales Escalante William , Zagazeta Llanca Luis Homero
Published: March 2021

En la presente investigación se tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la castración química en la ganancia de peso, calidad de carcasa y sabor de cuyes machos (Cavia porcellus). Se utilizaron 30 cuyes de la raza Perú, de 35 días de edad, distribuidos en dos tratamientos (T1: control y T2: castrados con tintura de yodo al 2%) y quince repeticiones. La castración se realizó a los 35 días de edad por inyección intratesticular de tintura de yodo al 2 % en dosis de 0.1 ml por testículo, los pesos de los cuyes fueron evaluados hasta los 95 días de edad. No se encontró diferencia estadística significativa en la variable ganancia de peso total (p>0.05), en el rendimiento de carcasa se encontró diferencia estadística significativa (p<0.05), siendo mayor en los castrados con pesos promedio de 672.67 gr y en los no castrados un peso promedio de 605.00 gr, la evaluación organoléptica sensorial de la carcasa del cuy, se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p<0.05) en los aspectos de olor, sabor y aceptabilidad mas no en color y textura, siendo favorable para los cuyes castrados. Con relación a la utilidad se determinó que el T 1 (testigo) reporta un ingreso libre de S/. 2.57 por Cuy vendida siendo mayor en los Castrado (T2) S/. 5.03, ya que esta presenta una mejor calidad de carcasa sin lesiones en la región dorso posterior de cada animal. En conclusión, el rendimiento de carcasa, los aspectos organolépticos y la relación beneficio – costo; hacen que se considere el T2 como la mejor alternativa de producción..
Efecto del sistema silvopastoril con Alnus acuminata en el valor agronómico y nutricional del Pennisetum clandestinum
Authors: Tafur Sanchez Beyner
Published: March 2021

El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del sistema silvopastoril con Alnus acuminata en el valor agronómico y nutricional del Pennisetum clandestinum. Se seleccionó dos sistemas silvopastoril (SSP) de una edad aproximada de 8 años, además un tratamiento repeticiones con medidas iguales, se empezó a recolectar muestras de manera aleatoria con ayuda de un cuadrante para su posterior evaluación en el laboratorio a los 30,45 testigo, las cuales fueron divididas en 4 y 60 días. Las variables fueron analizadas usando un diseño completamente al azar, mediante la prueba de comparaciones múltiples (Tukey). Los valores de proteína cruda a los 45 días mostraron diferencias significativas donde la proteína cruda bajo los SSP mostró valores de 17.77% en el primer SSP y 17.01% en el segundo SSP, estos superiores al CA (15.04%). Lo contrario sucedió con la FDA, FDN y ELN, donde la FDA bajo los SSP obtuvo valores de 27.01% y 28.73% y el CA 29.14% de igual manera los valores de FDN fueron de 56.68%, 54.46% y el CA 60.65%, por consiguiente, el ELN obtuvo valores de 36.46%, 37.19% respecto al CA que generó 38.92% respectivamente, por lo tanto, los SSP tiene un efecto positivo sobre la calidad del forraje ayudando así a una mejor digestibilidad.
Vinylogous Hydrazone Strategy for the Organocatalytic Alkylation of Heteroaromatic Derivatives
Authors: Łukasik Beata , Kowalska Justyna , Frankowski Sebastian , Albrecht Lukasz
Published: March 2021

A new umpolung approach for the asymmetric FriedelCrafts-type alkylation of electron-poor heteroaromatic systems has been developed. It is based on the vinylogous reactivity of hydrazones derived from heteroaromatic aldehydes. Donating effect of the hydrazone moiety can be efficiently transferred over the heteroaromatic system activating it towards asymmetric FriedelCrafts reaction with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes realized under aminocatalytic conditions. Excellent enantioselectivities have been obtained owing to the application of MacMillan imidazolidinone catalyst. Unmasking of hydrazone moiety has been also realized resulting in the development of a unique strategy for the asymmetric functionalization of electron-poor heteroaromatic systems.
Enantioselective, Catalytic Multicomponent Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines Enabled by Hydrogen-Bonding and Dispersive Interactions
Authors: Ronchi Elisabetta , Paradine Shauna M. , Jacobsen Eric
Published: March 2021

We report a one-step catalytic, enantioselective method for the preparation of homoallylic N-Boc amines directly from acetals. Reactive iminium ion intermediates are generated in situ through the combination of an acetal, a chiral thiourea catalyst, trialkylsilyl triflate, and N-Boc carbamate, and are subsequently trapped by a variety of allylsilane nucleophiles. No homoallylic ether byproducts are detected, consistent with allylation of the iminium intermediate being highly favored over allylation of the intermediate oxocarbenium ion. Acetals derived from aromatic aldehydes possessing a variety of functional groups and substitution patterns yield homoallylic amines with excellent levels of enantiomeric enrichment. Experimental and computational data are consistent with an anchoring hydrogen-bond interaction between the protoiminium ion and the amide of the catalyst in the enantiodetermining transition state, and with stereodifferentiation achieved through specific non-covalent interactions (NCIs) with the catalyst pyrenyl moiety. Evidence is provided that the key NCI in the major pathway is a π-stacking interaction, contrasting with the cation–π interactions invoked in previously studied reactions promoted by the same family of aryl-pyrrolidino-H-bond-donor catalysts.
Record High Magnetic Anisotropy in Three Coordinate MnIII and CrII Complexes: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Sarkar Arup , Jose Reshma , Ghosh Harshit , Gopalan Rajaraman , Rajaraman Gopalan
Published: March 2021

Ab initio calculations performed in two three-coordinate complexes [Mn{N(SiMe3)2}3] (1) and [K(18-crown-6)(Et2O)2][Cr{N(SiMe3)2}3] (2) reveal record-high magnetic anisotropy with the D values -64 cm-1 and -15 cm-1 respectively, enlisting d4 ion back in the race for single-ion magnets. For the first time, a detailed spin-vibrational analysis was performed in 1 and 2 that suggest a dominant under barrier relaxation due to flexible coordination sphere around the metal ion offering design clues for low coordinate transition metal SIMs.