bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and Induced Variations in Serum Lipoproteins
Authors: CHANDLER H. L. , LAWRY E. Y. , POTEE K. G. , MANN G. V.
Published: June 2012

The diurnal variability of several classes of serum lipoproteins and cholesterol has been measured in human subjects. The S
f
12-20 class of lipoprotein and the cholesterol were found stable in reference to the technical limitation of the method, but the S
f
20-100 class showed significant variation although without evidence of a trend. The effect of intravenous heparin treatment was described. The buccal administration of heparin had no effect. The heparinoid substance Treburon produced a decrease in the S
f
20-100 material at three and five hours and decrease in serum total cholesterol and phospholipids at five and seven hours when administered buccally.
Newer Drugs in the Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: SIEBER HOMER A. , GRIMSON KEITH S. , ORGAIN EDWARD S.
Published: June 2012

Fifty patients exhibiting relatively severe hypertensive vascular disease were treated with hexamethonium compounds for periods of 3 to 19 months, averaging 9 months per patient. Hexamethonium is a potent anticholinergic agent capable of lowering blood pressure for short periods. During prolonged administration, the initial effects upon blood pressure tend to become diminished or lost, so that in the long-term treatment of severe hypertension, hexamethonium therapy alone possesses limited value. Amelioration of symptoms, decrease in retinopathy and improvement in the electrocardiogram are noted. Five fatalities occurred during treatment, but none of these was attributed directly to drug action.
Effects of Papaverine upon Ectopic Ventricular Tachycardia Produced by Myocardial Infarction
Authors: HARRIS A. SIDNEY , ESTANDÍA ANTONIO , BISENI ABDO , SMITH HERBERT T.
Published: June 2012

Papaverine hydrochloride exhibited some ectopic impulse suppressor effect which was brief in duration and could not be maintained. Additional doses led to toxic reactions including
increased
ectopic activity. No consistent correlation was found between changes in blood pressure and decreases or increases in ectopic frequency. Vasodilator potency of drugs apparently bears no intimate relation to ectopic impulse suppressor effect.
Evaluation of Routine Serial Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Heart in the Postero-anterior and Oblique Views at Specific Degrees of Rotation
Authors: WILSON MAY G. , EPSTEIN NATHAN , HELPER HELEN N. , HAIN KATHARINE
Published: June 2012

An evaluation of 2973 serial fluoroscopic examinations at specific degrees of rotation for 500 subjects 2 to 21 years of age, made by 35 different observers with an average of five examiners per patient, is presented. In the postero-anterior view, 1 per cent showed convexity of the pulmonary segment. In the right anterior oblique position 1 per cent showed retrodisplacement of the esophagus. The angle of clearance of the left ventricle in the left anterior oblique position was less than 55 degrees in 99 per cent of the fluoroscopic examinations. In addition, 1393 routine serial fluoroscopic examinations of 100 patients with inactive rheumatic heart disease, 4 to 48 years of age, were analyzed. There was a total of 49 observers, an average of 8 per patient. The angle of clearance of the left ventricle ranged between 55 and 70 degrees. There was left auricular enlargement in 98 patients. It is concluded that fluoroscopic examination at specific degrees of rotation is a reliable procedure for detecting cardiac chamber abnormality, and should be included as part of the routine examination.
Digitalis Intoxication
Authors: DEGRAFF ARTHUR C.
Published: June 2012

Since 1946, when the Veterans Administration Hospital, Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, New York City, cxame under the supervision of the Deans Committee of the five medical colleges in New York City, conferences have been held each Wednesday afternoon by the Cardiovascular Service. The conference of July 22, 1953, on "Digitalis Intoxication" was recorded and transcribed for publication in this Journal. Participating in that conference were the following: DR. ARTHUR C. DEGRAFF, Senior Consultant in Medicine, DR. BERNARD STRAUS, Director of the Medical Service, DR. LOUIS A. KAPP, Chief of the Cardiovascular Service, DR. WALTER NEWMAN, Assistant Chief of the Cardiovascular Service, DR. LOUIS F. BISHOP, Attending Consultant, DR. O. ALAN ROSE, Attending Consultant, DR. J. B. SCHWEDEL, Attending Consultant, DR. FREDERICK LANDAU, Attending Consultant, DR. HARRY FEIN, Attending Consultant, DR. ARTHUR F. HEYL, guest physician, and resident physicians on the Cardiovascular Service.
Cation Uptake by Exchange Resin in Vitro and the Colon as a Sodium-Conserving Organ
Authors: FIELD HENRY , SWELL LEON , FLICK D. F. , DAILEY ROBERT E.
Published: June 2012

Cation-exchange resins have not fulfilled early expectations. Those in clinical use do not retain much sodium in the feces when dietary sodium is much restricted. Comparison of the sodium and potassium bound by a resin, in equilibrium with presumably normal electrolytes as found in the terminal ileum, with the amounts of those ions in the feces, permits an over-all evaluation of two major factors operating in the gastrointestinal tract. These are a decreased sodium concentration in the terminal ileal contents when sodium intake is restricted and an absorptive power of the colon sufficient to detach sodium from the resin.
Comparison of Various Vascular Beds in Man
Authors: REDISCH WALTER , WERTHEIMER LOTHAR , DELISLE CLAUDE , STEELE J. MURRAY , REITER HARVARD
Published: June 2012

Blood flow to the extremities and kidneys was measured simultaneously in normal subjects, hypertensive patients and patients with obliterative arterial disease of the lower extremities. The latter group showed diminished basal flow in the lower extremities, increased basal flow in the upper extremities, and a delayed and diminished response to reflex heating, compared with the normal and hypertensive subjects. In all three groups, the increase in extremity blood flow was regularly accompanied by a concomitant decrease in renal blood flow. No significant change in arterial pressure was observed.
Metabolic Changes Associated with Mitral Valvuloplasty
Authors: WILSON G. M. , EDELMAN I. S. , BROOKS L. , MYRDEN J. A. , HARKEN D. E. , MOORE F. D.
Published: June 2012

Patients with chronic congestive heart failure operated upon for the surgical correction of mitral stenosis have been observed repeatedly to have low plasma sodium concentrations and elevated plasma potassium concentrations after operation. This study was primarily directed at an understanding of these abnormalities. The authors have shown that the preoperative patient has a characteristic disorder of body composition noteworthy for a high total body water, a high total body sodium, a low total exchangeable potassium and a low plasma sodium concentration. The effects of surgery on this abnormal body composition, and the therapeutic implications are discussed.
A Study of the Spatial Vectorcardiogram of the Ventricular Gradient
Authors: BURCH G. E. , ABILDSKOV J. A. , CRONVICH J. A.
Published: June 2012

A concept of the ventricular gradient as a quantity which varies with time during the cardiac cycle is presented. Some methods for deriving values of the "mean instantaneous ventricular gradient" and from these the "vector-cardiogram of the gradient" are outlined. Despite obvious shortcomings in these technics, some results of the application of these methods are reported.
Acceleration Ballistocardiography
Authors: ELLIOTT ROBERT V. , PACKARD ROBERT GAY , KYRAZIS DEMOS T.
Published: June 2012

The construction of a linear accelerometer for use in ballistocardiography is presented including the relationship between acceleration, displacement, and velocity. The sensing element described is new in the field of ballistocardiography, being based on an electrochemical principle. A means of easily calibrating the instrument is described, thereby allowing quantitative measurements of various components of the ballistocardiogram. Tracings of one abnormal and two normal individuals are illustrated to show the relationship between displacement and acceleration.
Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Excision and Replacement by Homograft
Authors: BAHNSON HENRY T.
Published: June 2012

Fourteen patients with arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta are described. Excision of the aneurysm and reconstruction by an aortic homograft have been used in all cases. One patient from whom a ruptured aneurysm was excised, died after operation of uremia. Two other patients died of coronary artery disease after leaving the hospital. The remaining patients are well. Early results with this form of treatment are significantly better than those obtained by less definitive methods used in the past.
Further Observations on the Closure of Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: SHUMACKER HARRIS B. , KING HAROLD , LURIE PAUL R.
Published: June 2012

Though patients with small atrial septal defects may do well, in certain individuals with large defects operative closure is highly desirable because of the resultant cardiac dysfunction and the poor prognosis without treatment. Extensive efforts in the experimental laboratory have led to the development of a number of methods for the surgical closure of these defects, a number of which have had clinical trial. An earlier method, in which a pericardial pocket was affixed to an incision in the atrial wall and invaginated into the atrial cavity so that its posterior wall could be sutured to the rim of the defect, proved safe and reliable in experimental animals. One case demonstrated, however, that in large human defects the pericardium may not become sufficiently rapidly vascularized to permit its survival. The present experiments have shown that the same technic modified by substitution of a plastic nylon pocket appears entirely satisfactory. In one clinical case it was applied with success. It is suggested that when simpler methods are not applicable this procedure may prove safer and more reliable than certain other methods which have been used.
The Treatment of Shock Associated with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: GRIFFITH GEORGE C. , WALLACE W. B. , COCHRAN BURT , NERLICH W. E. , FRASHER W. G.
Published: June 2012

As a background to the problem of shock associated with acute myocardial infarction, a review of 816 recent consecutive and proved cases has been made. One hundred and sixty-one cases met the arbitrary criteria for the definition of shock. Therefore, shock was found to have occurred in 20 per cent of the patients with myocardial infarction. The mortality was 81 per cent (128 patients died). In the present study, 134 patients with acute myocardial infarction in shock were treated. All of these patients were first treated by strictly routine measures, including digitalis when indicated. Sixty of the 134 patients were relieved by prompt routine therapy given within a three-hour period of time. The remaining 74 patients were treated by (1) retrograde arterial infusion, (2) the newer sympathomimetic drugs such as methoxamine, isopropylnorepinephrine and norepinephrine and (3) other agents such as cholinesterase and cortisone. An evaluation of these methods was made and the over-all mortality of shock as associated with myocardial infarction was reduced from 81 per cent to 48 per cent.
The Construction of Mean Spatial Vectors From Null Contours
Authors: FRANK ERNEST , KAY CALVIN F.
Published: June 2012

Experimental and theoretic evidence reveal substantial errors in the determination of mean heart vector orientations exclusively from null contours. Over the limited range of orientations studied, the mean heart vector angle determined by the perpendicular-plane construction departs by as much as 17 degrees from the true angle. These sizable construction errors, strongly dependent upon such factors as heart position and medium shape, are superimposed upon other errors inherent in the many assumptions made in electrocardiographic field analysis.
Whole Blood Volume Determined by Radiochromium-Tagged Red Cells
Authors: REILLY WILLIAM A. , FRENCH RICHARD M. , LAU FRANCIS Y. K. , SCOTT KENNETH G. , WHITE WILLIAM E.
Published: June 2012

Whole blood volume can be measured quite accurately by the use of radiochromium. The amount of radiation is very low; the radiochromium stays fixed in red blood cells for many hours and does not leave the circulation as may happen when plasma tags are employed. Hypervolemia was found in the majority of patients with right ventricular failure but not in those with left ventricular failure or mitral stenosis alone.
Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: BLOUNT S. GILBERT , SWAN HENRY , GENSINI GOFFREDO , MCCORD MALCOLM C.
Published: June 2012

Complete surgical closure of an atrial septal defect was accomplished under direct vision in five patients. Postoperative catheterization studies demonstrated complete obliteration of the previously existing left-to-right shunt and a reduction of the pulmonary artery blood pressure in all patients. The clinical and hemodynamic status returned to normal limits with but few exceptions.
Stokes-Adams Attacks with Simultaneous Auricular and Ventricular Standstill
Authors: TUNA NAIP , SCOTT JOHN W.
Published: June 2012

This is a report of a case of Stokes-Adams seizures in a patient with partial auriculoventricular block. Simultaneous auricular and ventricular standstill in about half the seizures of which we have electrocardiographic record, and complete relief after atropine, leads us to think the seizures were due to vagal effect.
Stokes-Adams Seizures
Authors: HICK FORD K.
Published: June 2012

A patient presenting syncope and convulsions was shown to have spontaneous attacks of ventricular standstill without preceding or subsequent partial heart block and with the auricles beating regularly throughout. Carotid sinus pressure reproduced one such attack. This is a demonstration of nervous control in the heart below the auriculoventricular node and perhaps in the ventricle itself. Cookson's term "paroxysmal ventricular standstill" is uniquely fitting. The presence of right bundle branch block raises the question of a lesion affecting both the left and right branches of the bundle of His.
Peculiarities of the African's Electrocardiogram and the Changes Observed in Serial Studies
Authors: GRUSIN H.
Published: June 2012

Among African medical patients with and without heart disease about 63 per cent are found to have electrocardiograms which are abnormal by accepted standards. Twenty-two per cent of a group of healthy African nurses show the same peculiarities. Over a period of months or years the electrocardiograms show spontaneous changes. Clinical and postmortem evidence indicates that the electrocardiographic changes are not related to organic heart disease. It is suggested that these electrocardiograms may be of a juvenile type or alternatively that they may be attributable to some obscure metabolic factor of nutritional origin.
Surgical Treatment of Tricuspid Stenosis
Authors: O'NEILL THOMAS J. E. , JANTON O. HENRY , GLOVER ROBERT P.
Published: June 2012

In patients suffering with chronic valvular disease who are diagnosed as having mitral stenosis, there are found a few who have an associated tricuspid stenosis. The diagnosis of this combination of lesions is difficult. The unique opportunity to study the hemodynamics of "pure" tricuspid stenosis was presented when a patient, originally diagnosed as mitral stenosis, had in fact both lesions, and was treated by mitral commissurotomy. Subsequently tricuspid stenosis was suspected clinically and was demonstrated by serial catheterization studies. Tricuspid commissurotomy was performed four years after mitral commissurotomy.
A Morphologic Study of Canine Hearts Subjected to Fibrillation, Electrical Defibrillation and Manual Compression
Authors: TEDESCHI C. G. , WHITE C. W.
Published: June 2012

The pathologic effects on the heart of fibrillation, countershock and manual compression have been studied in canine hearts. Survival experiments have permitted evaluation of the permanence of the damage produced. Massage of the normally beating heart produced minimal nonspecific damage. Manual compression on the fibrillating heart was seen to elicit changes more severe than those observed after fibrillation alone, including occasional focal myocardial necrosis. Alternating-current countershock produced both epicardial and myocardial damage at the site of application of the electrodes. In view of their localization, these changes would not be expected to alter cardiac function appreciably. Comparable changes, but less severe in type, were found in the hearts of animals subjected to condenser discharge countershock. Padding of the electrodes with saline-soaked gauze did not appear to influence the degree of damage.
Altered blood pressure during sleep in normotensive subjects with type I diabetes.
Authors: Lurbe A , Redón J , Pascual J M , Tacons J , Alvarez V , Batlle D C
Published: June 2012

This study was designed to examine the circadian pattern of blood pressure in children and young adults with type I diabetes who were completely normotensive by standard criteria. Forty-five patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched control subjects were studied. In diabetic children of 10-14 years of age, the nocturnal fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressures was intact. In diabetics of 15-20 years of age, the fall in systolic blood pressure was blunted; in diabetics of 21-37 years of age, the fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures during sleep was blunted. When data from all diabetic subjects were pooled and analyzed in a multiple linear regression model, mean blood pressure during sleep correlated best with urinary albumin excretion (r = 0.60). On the basis of this finding, we subdivided our patients into two groups: a microalbuminuric group (urinary albumin excretion > 30 mg per 24 hours; mean, 160.3 +/- 29.7; n = 11) and a normoalbuminuric group (urinary albumin excretion < 30 mg per 24 hours; mean, 6.6 +/- 6.5; n = 34). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures during sleep were higher in microalbuminuric (121.1 +/- 3.3 and 69.3 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, respectively) than in normoalbuminuric diabetics (114.2 +/- 1.8 and 60.1 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p < 0.05) or control subjects (113.3 +/- 1.2 and 60.1 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancement of vasoconstrictor response by a noncalcemic analogue of vitamin D3.
Authors: Shimosawa T , Ando K , Fujita T
Published: June 2012

To clarify the effects of active vitamin D3 on pressor and vascular responses to vasoconstrictor substances, we studied pressor responses to the intravenous injection of norepinephrine or angiotensin II (Ang II) and vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine. Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 subcutaneously (200 ng/kg per day) for 14 days. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 augmented the pressor responses to norepinephrine and Ang II in conscious rats and was associated with a significant increase in serum calcium concentration (11.0 +/- 0.2 mg/dl). To further clarify whether the increased pressor response to vasoconstrictors may be due to the calcemic or direct action of active vitamin D3, we studied the effect of its noncalcemic analogue, 22-oxacalcitriol, and its inactive analogue, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, on the pressor response to vasoconstrictors in rats. The pressor responses to norepinephrine and Ang II were apparently augmented in 22-oxacalcitriol-treated rats similarly to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-treated rats. In contrast, the pressor responses were not affected by either 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or the intravenous infusion of calcium chloride. In an ex vivo experiment using a mesenteric preparation, the vascular sensitivity to norepinephrine was moderately augmented in rats treated with both 22-oxacalcitriol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 but was not affected in rats treated with 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The results suggest that the enhanced pressor responses to norepinephrine and Ang II could be attributed to the direct effect of active vitamin D3 on vasculature rather than to hypercalcemia.
A. B. Marx’sSonatenform
Authors: Uribe Patrick Wood
Published: June 2012

It is to A. B. Marx that we owe the first extended discussion of sonata form and a conception of it that has survived in classrooms and rehearsal halls to this day. At the same time, Marx’s Sonatenform and his treatment of it are beset with what seem to be serious flaws, chief among which is the absence of a single example of a complete movement from existing music that embodies the form.

Taking the perceived weaknesses of his discussion as a starting point, I argue that they are in fact the result of an ambitious and sophisticated approach to form, which depends on a more thorough understanding of the larger body of Marx’s theory of forms, and specifically of the forms immediately preceding sonata form in Marx’s discussion.

As a consequence, it is possible not only to reassess the apparent shortcomings of Marx’s original formulation but also to see sonata form itself less as a mere codification of formal elements than as a means of coming to terms with the music it considers.
The Future of NATO
Authors: Weinrod W. Bruce
Published: June 2012

Although fundamental questions concerning whether the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is still relevant or necessary have emerged, NATO remains necessary for the protection of Western security and political interests. The international security environment remains unstable, and threats can arise far from NATO territory. In addition to its traditional role of defending members’ territory, NATO is assuming new security-related missions. In addition, the alliance has developed “partnerships” with numerous nations throughout the world. These networks can enhance NATO’s military capabilities and also encourage democracy. Thus, NATO has the potential to play a significant and constructive global security and political role in the twenty-first century.
Fyrom: A Source of Balkan Instability
Authors: Papavizas George C.
Published: June 2012

In the post–Cold War reality, stability in the Balkans must be of great importance. It is therefore imperative to examine the nature of the region’s instabilities as well as their sources and their implications. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) has been praised by the West as a good example of stability. However, because of several systemic weaknesses—past habits acquired during fifty years of communism—FYROM has become and will always be a destabilizing force, especially if it continues to pursue the expropriation of the Hellenic Macedonian name and ethnicity, the intensification of its illiberal history revisionism, the expropriation of the Bulgarian language and parts of Bulgarian history, and the mistreatment of minorities.
Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School
Authors: Duflo Esther , Hanna Rema , Ryan Stephen P
Published: June 2012

We use a randomized experiment and a structural model to test whether monitoring and financial incentives can reduce teacher absence and increase learning in India. In treatment schools, teachers' attendance was monitored daily using cameras, and their salaries were made a nonlinear function of attendance. Teacher absenteeism in the treatment group fell by 21 percentage points relative to the control group, and the children's test scores increased by 0.17 standard deviations. We estimate a structural dynamic labor supply model and find that teachers respond strongly to financial incentives. Our model is used to compute cost-minimizing compensation policies. (JEL I21, J31, J45, O15)
Ethnicity and Conflict: An Empirical Study
Authors: Esteban Joan , Mayoral Laura , Ray Debraj
Published: June 2012

We examine empirically the impact of ethnic divisions on conflict, by using a specification based on Esteban and Ray (2011). That theory links conflict intensity to three indices of ethnic distribution: polarization, fractionalization, and the Gini-Greenberg index. The empirical analysis verifies that these distributional measures are significant correlates of conflict. These effects persist as we introduce country-specific measures of group cohesion and of the importance of public goods, and combine them with the distributional measures exactly as described by the theory. (JEL D63, D74, J15, O15, O17)
Why Does Trend Growth Affect Equilibrium Employment? A New Explanation of an Old Puzzle
Authors: Elsby Michael W. L , Shapiro Matthew D
Published: June 2012

That the employment rate appears to respond to changes in trend growth is an enduring macroeconomic puzzle. This paper shows that, in the presence of a return to experience, a slowdown in productivity growth raises reservation wages, thereby lowering aggregate employment. The paper develops new evidence that shows this mechanism is important for explaining the growth-employment puzzle. The combined effects of changes in aggregate wage growth and returns to experience account for all the increase from 1968 to 2006 in nonemployment among low-skilled men and for approximately half the increase in nonemployment among all men. (JEL E24, J24, J31)
Dynamics and Stability of Constitutions, Coalitions, and Clubs
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Egorov Georgy , Sonin Konstantin
Published: June 2012

In dynamic collective decision making, current decisions determine the future distribution of political power and influence future decisions. We develop a general framework to study this class of problems. Under acyclicity, we characterize dynamically stable states as functions of the initial state and obtain two general insights. First, a social arrangement is made stable by the instability of alternative arrangements that are preferred by sufficiently powerful groups. Second, efficiency-enhancing changes may be resisted because of further changes they will engender. We use this framework to analyze dynamics of political rights in a society with different types of extremist views. (JEL D71, D72, K10)
Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity: Comment
Authors: Abrevaya Jason , Puzzello Laura
Published: June 2012

This paper re-examines Adda and Cornaglia's (2006) evidence on the compensatory behavior of smokers who, in face of higher taxes, are found to reduce their consumption of cigarettes while maintaining their cotinine––a biomarker for nicotine––levels constant. This comment examines the robustness of the empirical findings in Adda and Cornaglia (2006) using: appropriate clustered standard errors, a larger sample from the same years and survey as the data in Adda and Cornaglia (2006), cigarette-prices instead of and in addition to cigarette-taxes, and sampling weights. The empirical findings of Adda and Cornaglia (2006) are not robust. Further, little systematic evidence of compensatory behavior is found among subsamples of smokers
Effect of Reservoir Temperature and Pressure on Relative Permeability
Authors: Xiao G. , Jingjing M. , Jiudi L. , Yang H. , Haiying W.
Published: June 2012

Relative permeability is a critical parameter for evaluation of gas reservoir performances. Earlier works have indicated that relative permeabilities are markedly dependent on pore geometry, wettability, fluid saturation, saturation history, reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, overburden pressure, rock types, porosity and permeability types. Some literatures have reported effect of reservoir temperature, reservoir pressure, overburden pressure on relative permeability. Because we are subjected to experiment conditions, it is very difficult for Dabei naturally fractured gas reservoir to measure relative permeability under 120 MPa abnormal high pressure and 145 Centigrade high temperature. In this paper, relative permeability of 12 cores without fracture and 3 cores with fracture during displacement of water by gas and displacement of gas by water in Dabei naturally fractured gas reservoirs under lower pressure and room temperature was measured. The results indicated that relative permeability in the process of displacement of water by gas is obviously different from that in the process of displacement of gas by water. Gas-water relative permeabilities of rock with fracture are higher than that of rock without fracture. In order to evaluate effect of abnormal high pressure and high temperature on relative permeability. A transformation model of gas-water relative permeability from experiment conditions to reservoir conditions was built up. A high temperature and high pressure wells for example, the effect of temperature and pressure on gas-water permeability was analog calculated, which the result indicated that water relative permeability cannot be effected by temperature and pressure, but gas relative permeability is. While gas relative permeability measured at experiment temperature and pressure which is beyond 10 times difference than the high pressure and high temperature at reservoir condition. It is suggested that it is unadvisable to predict gas reservoir performance by using gas-water relative permeability measured at experiment conditions.
A Simple and Reliable Approach for Estimation of Joule-Thomson Coefficient of Reservoir Gas at Bottomhole Conditions
Authors: Pinto M. , Karale C. , Das P.
Published: June 2012

With the advent of distributed temperature sensing (DTS), accurate and continuous monitoring of the wellbore temperature profile is possible, which helps identify fluid flow from each reservoir layer. Reliable prediction of fluid flow during large drawdown requires an accurate value of the Joule-Thomson coefficient (JTC), which is a measure of the change in temperature of a fluid for a given change in pressure at constant enthalpy. The JTC also serves as an input for interpretation of temperature log data, which can be used to identify water or gas entry locations. Furthermore, an accurate JTC value is important when modeling the thermal response of the reservoir.

The equation-of-state (EOS) method can be used to predict the JTC of reservoir gas. However, this might not be an easy task because of the complexity involved. In contrast, a simple and reliable method to evaluate the JTC for reservoir gas is presented. Conditions under which this method is applicable are discussed in detail by referring to a typical phase diagram. In addition, a discretized approach to calculate the temperature change during a throttling process using the JTC is also presented.

The methodology has been validated at three levels using experimental data available in the literature—comparison of experimental vs. predicted JTC values of mixtures, comparison of experimentally observed vs. predicted temperature drop for a given pressure drop using lab-scale data, and comparison of experimentally observed vs. predicted temperature drop for a given drawdown using actual reservoir data. A good match with experimental data was obtained within all three areas, demonstrating the reliability of the methodology.
The Chemical Treatment to Remove Liquid Block in Hydraulic Fractured Well-A Simulation Study with Leak-Off
Authors: Yuan C.
Published: June 2012

The chemical treatment using surfactants/solvents can mitigate the liquid block by wettibility alteration in gas/condensate wells. Recently, its application has been extended from wettibility change in matrix to wettibility alteration in propant in hydraulic fractures and tested in field trials. The leak-off of working fluids into matrix may mitigate the liquid block in the matrix adjacent fracture walls unintentionally. However, it is not clear yet whether the mitigation in matrix from leak-off is significant, compared with the mitigation in the fracture propant, and how this may affect the job design. The experimental setup and associated results was for assessment of the treatment in fracture propant only. In the lab, the leak-off will not affect the flow in fracture since hydrocarbon is injected along the fracture to simulate the production. In reality, the hydrocarbon produce passing through the matrix blocks along fracture. And all previous modeling study and job design has ignored the leak-off. This work shows by simulation of a generic case how the leak-off may affect the design and outcome of the treatment.

This work clarifies several important design concerns for the chemical treatment in hydraulic fractured reservoir, which may be extended to natural fractured reservoir as well. This will affect the optimal treatment volume, prediction of outcome and economic evaluation. The leak off may bring little extra benefit from the removal of the block in matrix along fracture walls. But such extra benefit is not significant compared with that in the fracture propant. Due to leak-off, the treatment volume based on fracture volume is not adequate and the associated outcome prediction is optimistic. There is an optimal treatment distance along with fracture that had not been identified in previous study. There is not need to treat the fracture at its full length. Just the opposite, with leak off accounted for the attempt to treat the whole fracture will cost huge volume of working fluid and lead to extra liquid damage. The unintentional matrix treatment due to leak off will cost much more working fluid than the fracture treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the treatment volume during the job design.
Predicting the Performance of Gas Boosting Eductors
Authors: Codrington Kofi , Nouwens N. , Abder C.
Published: June 2012

Eductors, also known as ejectors or jet pumps, are used to boost low pressure (LP) flows by utilizing energy from high pressure (HP) streams. An application can use gas from an HP well to boost production from an LP well. Historically, vendors only provide the performance expectations of an eductor for initial conditions. However, as reservoirs decline, the pressure and flow regimes change making the future performance of an eductor difficult to predict.

In this study an eductor simulator was developed, modelling the performance from first principles rather than from generic curves. The development of the simulator tool was based on linking spreadsheets with Integrated Asset Modelling software (IAM). IAM is commonly used for reservoir, well and facility modelling, but does not cover eductors. The eductor itself was modelled in a spreadsheet. The simulator determines the eductor geometry based on the performance curves of user provided initial conditions. Subsequently, a novel nodal analysis method was used to solve the equations governing the motive and suction pressures at the entry and exit of the eductor. For each time step these solutions are transferred to a production simulator to establish pressure and rate decline. The simulator was found to predict eductor performance within ±1% of vendor provided initial time step solutions. As per real eductor performance, the simulator is limited in its capability to handle fluids. In general, the simulation results showed that application of eductors boosts production from LP wells, and increases ultimate recovery from their reservoirs, without impacting the ultimate recovery from the HP source.

The simulator was used to predict the performance of two new shallow gas wells boosted by gas from a sidetracked high pressure reservoir, showing an incremental 80 billion cubic feet of gas for an investment corresponding with 10% of the cost of a new well. The simulator is now used to identify eductor related reserves adding opportunities.

For the first time engineers are able to simulate the performance of a gas production boosting system, to verify options provided by vendors and to conduct economic feasibility studies with varying eductor geometries and production schedules.
Heritability of production characteristics of regional populations of honey bees from Serbia
Authors: Jevtic Goran , Andjelkovic Bojan , Lugic Zoran , Radovic Jasmina , Dinic Bora
Published: June 2012

In this experiment, colonies of six regional populations from the territory
of the Republic of Serbia were included, and two generations (maternal
colonies and their offspring) were observed. In two inspections (fall and
spring), production traits and temperament were observed. Daughter queen
bees mated in uncontrolled conditions (free-mating) in order to determine
heritability of production traits in terms of practical beekeeping. The
heritability coefficients (h2) for production traits calculated. It was
found that the honey yield was mostly determined by genetic, but
environmental conditions also had significant influence. Heritability for
honey yield (h2) ranged from 72.72% (Rasina population) to 81.04% (Banat
population). Colony strength was very dependent on external factors, but
also from the very population. When it comes to food supply (honey and
pollen), in the inspections, large differences in the heritability
coefficient were determined, which is explained by the interaction of
genetic factors (the foraging instinct) and environmental factors (honey
flora and climatic conditions during foraging) and the influence of
beekeepers (feeding, etc.).
Biodiversity of wild fruit species of Serbia
Authors: Bosnjakovic Dusica , Ognjanov Vladislav , Ljubojevic Mirjana , Barac Goran , Predojevic Marija , Mladenovic Emina , Cukanovic Jelena
Published: June 2012

Several field collecting trips in the 2009-2011 period confirmed that forest
fruit species are an inexhaustible genofond of extremely important varieties
that yield fruit of excellent quality and high nutritive value, with wide
range of applications, including nutritional, medicinal and food production.
The aim of this work was to develop long term interactive and integrated
strategy for selection of wild fruit species through different breeding
methods, as well as popularization of selected products and their integration
into intensive fruit growing. The most important morphological, ecological,
and biological characteristics were studied and presented for Cornus mas,
Sambucus nigra, Morus sp. and Rosa sp. For each studied fruit species,
advanced selections for cultivar release has been reported.
Delineation of beech provenance regions in Serbia by spatial analysis of genetic diversity
Authors: Ivetic Vladan , Isajev Vasilije , Nikolic Ana , Krstic Milun , Ristic Danijela , Kostadinovic Marija
Published: June 2012

The results of spatial analysis of genetic diversity have practical
application in the definition and delineation of regional provenances of
forest trees. Research in this paper, was based on the material from 27
natural populations of beech in Serbia. The genetic component of the
research is based on the analysis of RAPD markers from bulk samples, using
28 primers. The spatial component of the research is based on the
geographical position of the studied populations. Grouping of the studied
populations in the regions, as well as their separation, was performed using
the Monmonier?s algorithm of maximum differences. To visualize the results
and mapping the regions of beech provenances in Serbia, GIS was used, with
database included the results of this study.
Variability of properties of promising apple selections of the ‘Jonathan’ group
Authors: Lukic Milan , Maric Sladjana , Glisic Ivana , Milosevic Nebojsa
Published: June 2012

Apple (Malus ? domestica Borkh.) is economically the most important species
of genus Malus Miller. Developing new apple genotypes is carried out on a
large scale in many scientific institutes throughout the world. ?Jonathan? is
one of four cultivars which have been used as the most frequent progenitors
in apple breeding programmes worldwide. The paper presents six promising
apple selections bred at Fruit Research Institute, and ?Jonathan? as the
parental cultivar. The assessed selections derived from the crosses
?Jonathan? ? ?Idared? (J/3/60 and J/2/53), [?Jonathan? ? J/54/53/59] ?
J/27/127/62 (J/4/106) and ?Jonathan? ? J/54/53/59 (J/1/55, J/1/71 and
J/1/15). Major phenological properties (flowering phenophase and harvest
time), cropping and pomological properties (morphometrical and chemical
characteristics of fruits) were assessed. The highest fruit weight (J/2/53;
188.4 g) and yield per unit area (J/3/60; 34 t ha-1) were reported in
selections derived from the cross ?Jonathan? ? ?Idared?. Selections raised
from a cross between ?Jonathan? and J/54/53/59 have high quality fruits. The
highest soluble solids content was found in J/1/55 (15.3%), while the highest
total sugars and acids content was evidenced in J/1/71 (9.61%; 1.46%,
respectively).
Molecular characterization of PCN populations from Serbia
Authors: Oro Violeta , Oro-Radovanovic Vesna
Published: June 2012

The morphology of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) was until recently almost the
only way to identify these quarantine organisms. In the last two decades,
molecular analyses contributed to faster and more efficient identification of
two Globodera species (Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis) and allowed
insight into the genetic structure of those parts that were practically
inaccessible by morphological studies. Molecular characterization was
performed in ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. The comparison was made with sequences of
different foreign PCN populations via NCBI GenBank database. The results of
molecular studies showed similarities and differences between local and
foreign PCN populations in the part of genome that was studied.
Development and validation of spectrofluorimetric and LC–MS/MS methods for the determination of hesperidin in human plasma and pharmaceutical forms
Authors: Pavun Leposava , Dimitric-Markovic Jasmina , Djurdjevic Predrag , Jelikic-Stankov Milena , Djikanovic Daniela , Ciric Andrija , Malesev Dusan
Published: June 2012

The spectrofluorometric method, based on fluorescence properties of aluminium
(III)?hesperidin complex, for the determination of hesperidin in human plasma
and pharmaceutical forms has been developed and validated. The complex shows
strong emission in the presence of surfactant betain sulfonate SB 12 at 476
nm with excitation at 390 nm. Linearity range in pharmaceutical forms of
hesperidin was 0.06 ? 24.4 ?g mL-1 with LOD 0.016 ?g mL-1 and LOQ 0.049 ?g
mL-1. Recovery values in the range 99.3 ? 99.7% indicate good accuracy of
the method. A linear dependence of the intensity of fluorescence of the
complex on the concentration of hesperidin in plasma was obtained in
concentration range from 0.1 ? 12.2 ?g mL-1. The LOD was 0.032 ?g mL-1 while
LOQ was 0.096 ?g mL-1. Recovery values were in the range 98.4 ? 99.8%. The
reliability of the method was checked by LC-MS/MS method for plasma samples
and HPLC/UV method for tablets with direct determination of hesperidin after
separation. Linearity range in determination of hesperidin in pharmaceutical
forms was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 10.00 ?g mL-1. The LOD was 0.01
?g mL-1 and LOQ was 0.03 ?g mL-1. Linearity range in plasma determination of
hesperidin was 0.02 ? 10.00 ?g mL-1 with LOD 0.005 ?g mL-1 and LOQ 0.015 ?g
mL-1. Good agreement between two methods indicate the usability of the
proposed spectroflurometric method for the simple, precise and accurate
determination of hesperidin in clinical and quality control laboratories.
Robust monetary policy in a currency union
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga
Published: June 2012

A great number of recent researches have found importance of country specific
shocks for optimal monetary policy construction in the context of a currency
union. This however has been almost completely overlooked by the analysis of
optimal monetary policy under model uncertainty. The main purpose of our work
is to fill this gap. By using a model of a two-country currency union with
sticky prices, we have derived robust monetary policy that works reasonably
well even in the worst case of model perturbations. We find some
anti-attenuation effect of uncertainty, and show that the central bank?s
optimal reaction to economic shocks becomes more aggressive with an increase
in the extent of misspecification.
Strategic interaction between fiscal and monetary policies in an export-oriented economy
Authors: Merzlyakov Sergey
Published: June 2012

Solving the problem of stabilizing the economy is directly tied to the
necessity of keeping the main macroeconomic variables stable. However,
macroeconomic stability is not in the general case a purely fiscal or a
purely monetary problem. How the central bank and the government interact is
of principle importance. We investigate the impact of macroeconomic policies
on the dynamics of the exchange rate, inflation, output and stabilization
fund and consider different forms of strategic interaction between the
government and the central bank. In this paper we build a stylized model of
an export-oriented economy. We use numerical examples for our analysis and
practical conclusions. The effective interaction of fiscal and monetary
policies is possible under a cooperative Stackelberg game interaction with
the government as leader. It is shown that the independence of the central
bank does not play a crucial role.
Count Sava Vladislavic’s Euro-Asian horizons
Authors: Terzic Slavenko
Published: June 2012

The paper deals with the diplomatic, political, trade and cultural activity
of the well-known man from Herzegovina, count Sava Vladislavic, born in
Dubrovnik. It provides a short review of his trading activities in Venice,
Spain and France, and then in greater detail sheds light on his business and
his political-intelligence work in Constantinople at the end of the 17th and
the beginning of the 18th century for the state interests of the czarist
Russia. Gifted and educated, tactful, with good knowledge of west and east
languages, Vladislavic gained an excellent insight into the circumstances in
the Ottoman Empire. From 1705 to 1738 he lived mostly in Russia, becoming
one of the most accomplished Russian diplomats and one of the richest
persons in the czarist Russia. During his stay in Venice in 1716-1722, he
did several different tasks (trading, negotiations with the Pope Clement XI
about the concordat); in these activities, he left a deep trace collecting
statues, busts and other works of art for the decoration of the
newly-founded Russian capital Sankt Peterburg. The peak of his diplomatic
state activity was his diplomatic mission in China in 1725-1728.
Legal justification of government acts and acts of disposal in the public rights of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Martinovic Aleksandar
Published: June 2012

The acts deciding on selection, appointment, nomination or deprivation have
a unique legal character, regardless of which subject appears in the
capacity of the enactor of the respective act - the Government, President of
the Republic, National Assembly, ministry or the appropriate
non-governmental subject. From the viewpoint of the coherence of the legal
system coherence and of the citizens? or artificial persons? legal security,
it is not good to treat these acts differently in situations which are in
essence identical. We consider that it is a question of acts which differ
from administrative acts, for a basic reason: they are passed in matters
which are not administrative ones. Therefore, the distinction between
matters in which decisions are made in regard to appointment, nomination or
deprivation and matters of administration, regulated in Art. 43, Par. 2 of
the Government Act, should be equally implemented by competent judicial
instances, or by other appropriate authorities in the Republic of Serbia.