bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repercusiones del Darwinismo: entre ciencia e ideología. Entrevista con el Dr. Nelio Bizzo
Authors: Roqué Ferrero María Soledad
Published: August 2023

Repercusiones del Darwinismo: entre ciencia e ideología. Entrevista con el Dr. Nelio Bizzo
El sida y los adolescentes. Un Estudio en los Niveles Socioeconómicos Alto y Bajo de la Ciudad de Córdoba
Authors: Vaudagna Elisa
Published: August 2023

El sida y los adolescentes. Un Estudio en los Niveles Socioeconómicos Alto y Bajo de la Ciudad de Córdoba. Programa: Maestría en Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Blas Pascal
Talleres itinerantes: un proyecto en marcha
Authors: Pastorino María Isabel
Published: August 2023

En este trabajo se analiza el tema  de la innovación  pedagógica  en el marco de un programa desarrollado por la Asociación de Docentes de Biología de la  Argentina  (ADBiA):  "lnvestigación  e lnnovación en la Enseñanza de las Ciencias Biológicas",  se presentan  algunas  definiciones de innovación  comparándolas con los  conceptos  de cambio  y reforma, que se  introducen  generalmente  asociados.  Interesa  destacar  el papel que le cabe a la  ADBiA en el fomento y la difusión de las  innovaciones educativas en el ámbito  local, regional y nacional.
Pasión por la enseñanza de las Ciencias Biológicas
Authors: Ferrero Roqué M. Soledad
Published: August 2023

Entrevista a Pedro Zarur
Los proyectos escolares en Educación Ambiental: su potencial educativo y transformador
Authors: Rivarosa Alcira , García Elena , Moroni Cristina
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo,  forma  parte de una linea de investigación que analiza  las propuestas de Educación Ambien- tal que organizan los  maestros ea  las escuelas dando  cuenta  de alternativas educativas innovadoras para niños y jóvenes, desde una nueva  concepción de cultura  socio- ambiental.  El  estudio  es cualitativo- des- criptivo,  se sustenta  en un paradigma pedagógico complejo que  incorpora la dimensión  socio-  ambiental en los currículos y busca articular secuencias formativas que favorezcan el desarrollo de comunidades de aprendizaje. El  estudio comparativo se realizó a partir  de una muestra  de diez proyectos de 35 propuestas de escuelas rurales  y urbanas.  Se  establecieron algunas  categorias teóricas que  permitieron orientar la lectura de los  proyectos, y un análisis  transversal  comparativo, entre  los resultados de cada  observador- lector.  Se destaca,  la persistencia tanto en el nivel primario como  secundario del enfoque ambientalista en las propuestas educativas, lo que implica que prevalece una concepción de ambiente limitada  a lo natural.
Una Propuesta para la Formación en Aula de Ciencia
Authors: Arcá María
Published: August 2023

El propósito es presenta una forma de incidir en la formación de los maestrandos y en consecuencia en la educación científica, mejorando su calidad. Se considera que es necesario una mediación que permita a los educadores disponer de un conocimiento elaborado en el campo científico y en el campo cognitivo, para traducirlos a propuestas operativas.
Determinación de la concentración de Trihalometanos en muestras de ambientes cerrados en la ciudad de San Juan
Authors: Augusto Miriam Ramona , Baudino Omar Miguel
Published: August 2023

El proceso de potabilización del agua forma parte de los contenidos básicos de Ciencias Naturales en EGB 3 (Diseño Curricular EGB 3-1998 – Ministerio de Educación-Prov, San Juan) y cobre importancia debido a que como consecuencia de la elaboración, se forman subproductos cancerígenos. El cloro elimina o inactiva los organismos patógenos, sin embargo en 1970 se descubrió que su aplicación implica un riesgo para la salud debido a la formación de trihalometanos (THM). En este trabajo se determinó la concentración de THM en ambientes cerrados de la ciudad de San Juan usando cromatografía gaseosa. Las muestras analizadas comprenden distintos puntos de la red de agua potable y una pileta climatizada y se encontraron valores elevados para la concentración de dichos compuestos.
Calidad y equidad en educación en ciencias. Algunos indicadores
Authors: Sanchez Jiménez José María
Published: August 2023

El propósito de este artículo está centrado en hacer algunas reflexiones sobre la calidad y equidad de la educación, como sobre el rendimiento de los alumnos en el aprendizaje de las Ciencias, tomando como base algunos indicadores de estudios internacionales.
Campamento de verano en Biotecnología: motivando a estudiantes de escuelas secundarias en carreras conducentes hacia una economía del conocimiento
Authors: Buxeda Rosa , Saliceti Piazza Lorenzo
Published: August 2023

Campamento de verano en Biotecnología: motivando a estudiantes de escuelas secundarias en carreras conducentes hacia una economía del conocimiento
Libro: Peces de los ríos Bermejo, Juramento y Cuencas endorreicas de la Provincia de Salta
Authors: Gil de Marrupe Margarita
Published: August 2023

Libro: Peces de los ríos Bermejo, Juramento y Cuencas endorreicas de la Provincia de Salta. Galdys Monasterio de Gonzo.
Instalasi Gama Rain Filter Dalam Meningkatkan Akses Air Bersih Pada Masyarakat Pedesaan (Studi Kasus Pada PT Wujudkan Mandiri Air)
Authors: Labibah Izzati Firdaus  , Lia Nirawati
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is a country that has potential water resources due to high rainfall but is very vulnerable to water crises. This fact shows the great urgency of the need for clean water. One effective solution to deal with this is through the use of rainwater. Harvesting rainwater is an effective step because Indonesia itself has high rainfall so that during the rainy season the product from PT Wujudkan, namely Gama Rain Filter, will collect water and in the dry season it will be used for daily needs. The purpose of this study is to find out about the implementation of the gamma rain filter in increasing access to clean water in rural communities. The research method used is a qualitative approach to gain a deep understanding of the effect of the Gama Rain Filter installation in increasing access to clean water in rural communities. The findings of this study are that with this superior technology, Gama Rain Filter helps people save water resources for drinking purposes during the rainy season. Therefore, existing funds can be used to obtain food sources that contain lots of protein
Pengaruh Kompensasi, Motivasi, dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Semarang (Studi Pada Karyawan Bagian Produksi PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IX Kebun Ngobo Ungaran)
Authors: Rangga Aditya Widodo  , Haryani Haryani
Published: August 2023

The desired objective of this research activity is to examine and analyze the effect of compensation, motivation and job satisfaction on the work productivity of employees at PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Ngobo Ungaran Plantation. The population in this study were all production employees at PT. Nusantara Plantation IX Ngobo Ungaran Plantation, totaling 50 people. In this study, samples/respondents were taken from the entire population of 50 respondents, using saturated sampling techniques.

Based on the discussion, the following conclusions can be drawn: Testing the compensation hypothesis on employee work productivity shows that the value of t count = 2.805 > t table = 1.684 with a significance number = 0.007 <α = 0.05 (significant). Thus, the hypothesis (H1) that compensation has a positive effect on employee work productivity is proven. Testing the hypothesis of motivation on employee productivity shows that the value of t count = 3.972 > t table = 1.684 with a significance number = 0.000 < α = 0.05 (significant). Thus, the hypothesis (H2) that motivation has a positive effect on employee work productivity is proven.
Pengaruh Kompetensi, Kompensasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Non ASN (Study Pada Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah (BPSDMD) Provinsi Jawa Tengah)
Authors: Nevanggi Wenti Ningrum  , Haryani Haryani
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze "The Influence of Competence, Compensation, and Work Discipline on the Performance of Non ASN Employees (Study of the Regional Human Resource Development Agency (BPSDMD) of Central Java Province)". Methods of data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used random sampling technique. A sample of 71 respondents were employees at the Regional Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDMD) of Central Java Province.

Based on the results of testing the competency variable has a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the value of t count is greater than t table, namely 2.335 > 1.667 with a sig value. 0.023 > 0.05 and the regression coefficient (β1) is positive at 0.271 which means that the higher the employee's competency, the higher the employee's performance. So the hypothesis is proven. The compensation variable has a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the value of t count is greater than t table, namely 3.613 > 1.667, with a sig. of 0.001 <0.05 and the regression coefficient (β2) is positive at 0.411 which means that the more satisfying the compensation given, the higher the employee's performance. So the hypothesis is proven. While the work discipline variable has a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the greater t-count value of t-table, namely 2.548 > 1.667, with a sig. 0.013 < 0.05 and the regression coefficient (β3) is positive at 0.285 which means that the higher the employee's work discipline, the higher the employee's performance. So the hypothesis is proven.
Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Beban Kerja, Dan Insentif Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada CV Gemilang Abadi Semarang
Authors: Avilia Moza Pramesti  , Wachid Fuady R
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze "The Influence of Leadership Style, Workload, and Incentives on Employee Performance at CV Gemilang Abadi Semarang." Methods of data collection using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used random sampling technique. A sample of 82 respondents were employees at CV Gemilang Abadi Semarang.

Based on the results of the study, leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the value of t count is greater than t table, namely 3.632 > 1.664, with a sig value. of 0.001 <0.05. Leadership style (β1) has a positive sign of 0.266 which means that the better the leadership style, the higher the employee performance. Thus it can be concluded that H1 is accepted, so the hypothesis stating that leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance is proven. Workload has a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the t-value that is greater than the t-table, namely 3.941 > 1.664, with a sig. By 0.000 > 0.05. Workload (β2) has a positive sign of 0.295 which means that the more appropriate the workload is, the better the employee's performance. Thus it can be concluded that H2 is accepted, so the hypothesis stating that workload has a positive effect on employee performance is proven. Incentives have a positive effect on employee performance. This is shown by the greater t-count value of t-table, namely 8.699 > 1.664, with a sig. 0.000 < 0.05. Incentives (β3) have a positive sign of 0.590 which means that the higher the incentives given, the higher the employee's performance. Thus it can be concluded that H3 is accepted, so the hypothesis stating that incentives have a positive effect on employee performance is proven.
RESTABLECIMIENTO DE LA OCLUSIÓN DENTAL CON RESINAS COMPUESTAS
Authors:   Universidad Privada Abierta Latinoamericana, Vedia Michel Silvia Andrea
Published: August 2023

El restablecimiento de la oclusión dental busca la armonía de los componentes del sistema estomatognático, es decir que además de devolver la estética devolvemos la función y el confort a pacientes que probablemente ya presentan un trastorno temporomandibular asociado a alteraciones oclusales y hábitos parafuncionales. Para conseguir este fin es necesario conocer las técnicas y materiales de las que dispone el profesional odontólogo para resolver estos casos. Frente a rehabilitaciones orales complejas en las que el paciente presenta desgaste en las piezas dentarias, migración de piezas debido a la perdida de dientes vecinos representan una indicación para una modificación de la dimensión vertical oclusal, es por ello que también se deben manejar criterios importantes para realizar esta modificación. El presente trabajo describe la ejecución de un tratamiento de rehabilitación oral, a una paciente que acudió a consulta en busca de una rehabilitación del sector anterosuperior, sin embargo, luego de establecer el diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento, fue necesario establecer la oclusión con resinas compuestas en el arco inferior para posteriormente recibir la rehabilitación oral con prótesis fija en el arco superior. Fecha de recepción: 31/03/22 Fecha de evaluación: 18/04/22 Fecha de aprobación: 04/05/22
MATERI PEMBELAJARAN ALQURAN PERSFEKTIF WAHDATUL ‘ULÛM PRODI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM FITK UIN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Nasution Zulkipli
Published: August 2023

Wahdatul 'Ulum is very urgent regarding the integration of knowledge. A number of Islamic tertiary institutions have transformed into universities with the expansion of scientific fields developed in the hope of providing solutions to problems of civilization and humanity and can give hope for spiritual quality and safety in the future. The State Islamic University of North Sumatra as an Islamic educational institution that has been in the process of integrating knowledge has determined that several courses must be in accordance with the concept of Wahdatul 'Ulûm. One of the subjects that must refer to the concept of Wahdatul 'Ulûm is the Koran. The Qur'an course is a compulsory subject for every faculty and study program at UIN North Sumatra. What is the material for the Koran subject in the Islamic Religious Education Study Program, FITK UIN North Sumatra. The Qur'anic materials in the perspective of Wahdatul 'Ulûm are far different because in general the focus is on reading and memorizing the Qur'an, especially on verses and surahs in the Qur'an juz 30. While the previous material is more broadly about the sciences of the Qur'an and related matters.
Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia Terhadap Keandalan Pelaporan Keuangan Desa
Authors: Zam Efvy Zamidra
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan kualitas sumber daya manusia terhadap keandalan pelaporan keuangan Desa Koto Datuk. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh aparatur pemerintahan Desa Koto Datuk, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 15 orang responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan uji F dan uji t untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa semua variabel bebas berpengaruh terhadap keandalan pelaporan keuangan Desa Koto Datuk. Variabel yang mempengaruhi keandalan pelaporan keuangan desa ialah kualitas sumber daya manusia. Sedangkan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi memberikan konstribusi yang tidak dominan terhadap keandalan pelaporan keuangan Desa Koto Datuk
Komunikasi Teraupetik di Era Nabi Muhammad SAW
Authors: Moh Syahri Sauma
Published: August 2023

Komunikasi teraupetik merupakan salah satu  bagian komunikasi efektif sering dipakai oleh seorang praktisi kesehatan jiwa, untuk mengobati pasien. Dan setiap dokter/perawat memiliki strateginya masing-masing dalam menerapakan komunikasi teraupetik kepada klien-nya.

            Berbicara komunikasi teraupetik di zaman Rasulullah istilah tersebut masih belum ada di zaman Rasulullah SAW. Namun secara parktiknya kegiatan komunikasi teraupetik sudah pernah dilakukan bahkan dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah Shallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam. Mengingat Nabi Muhammad SAW selain diutus sebagai rosul juga sekaligus menjadi uswah hasanah (suri tauladan yang baik) bagi ummatnya.

                        Hasil penelitian ini, bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW melalui komunikasi telah memberikan bimbingan berupa doa-doa khusus untuk mengokohkan keimanan seseorang agar dijauhkan dari penyakit syubhat dan syahwat. Bimbingan berupa doa-doa itulah yang kemudian dikategorikan sebagai kegiatan ber-komunikasi teraupetik. Dan selain itu upaya yang dilakukan Rasulullah dalam rangka memperbaiki kondisi emosional mereka yang terkena penyakit gangguan jiwa.  Ada empat yang dilakukan beliau ketika berinteraksi dengan mad’u antara lain sebagai berikut: Pertama: Membaca/ memperdengarkan al-qur’an. Kedua: Sholat, Ketiga: Dzikir, Keempat: Do’a.
STRATEGI PENYELESAIAN WANPRESTASI PADA AKAD PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH TAHUN 2022 DI BAIT AL TAMWIL (BTH) AS SAKINAH SURABAYA
Authors: Ahmad Fathoni
Published: August 2023

Pembiayaan jual beli dengan keuntungan terdiri dari dua bentuk, yaitu pembelian barang untuk nasabah dengan pembayaran dilunasi pada jangka waktu tertentu, yang disebut dengan pembiayaan Murabahah, dan pembeli barang untuk nasabah dengan pembayaran dilakukan secara mencicil sampai lunas, yang disebut pembiayaan Baitul Mal Wat Tamwil. Akan tetapi dalam pembiayan juga tidak semata-mata berjalan dengan mulus banyak terjadi pembiayan bermasalah. Pembiayaan bermasalah terjadi dikarenakan terdapat suatu penyimpangan utama dalam pengembalian pinjaman yang berakibatkan terjadi kelambatan dalam pengembalian sesuai dengan waktu pengembalian yang telah disepakati atau diperlukan tindakan yuridis dalam pengembalian atau kemungkinan terjadinya bagi koperasi. Karena sering terjadi, maka perlu Analisa bagaimana mengatasi permasalahan tersebut.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa latarbelakang terjadinya wanprestrasi pada akad murabahah di Bait al-Tamwil Hidayatullah (BTH) as-Sakinah Surabaya dan untuk mengetahui solusinya strategi penyelesaian wanprestasi pada akad pembiayaan murabahah di Bait al-Tamwil Hidayatullah (BTH) as-Sakinah Surabaya.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, dengan pendekatan fenomenologis yang bersifat deskriptif. Sedangkan untuk pengumpulan datanya menggunakan wawancara terstruktur maupun tidak tersetruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data di uji keabsahan datanya dengan triangulasi. Setelah data dinyatakan sah, maka dianalisa dengan melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, display data, kemudian verivikasi data.

Adapun hasil penelitiannya adalah faktor kepribadian, musibah, ekonomi, dan bangkrut merupakan tiga factor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya wanprestasi nasabah Bait al-Tamwil Hidayatullah (BTH) as-Sakinah Surabaya pada akad pembiayaan murabahah. Kemudian Strategi yang diterapkan oleh Bait al-Tamwil Hidayatullah (BTH) as-Sakinah Surabaya dalam menyelesaikan kasus wanprestasi pada akad murabahah adalah dengan: Strategi preventif, strategi klarifikatif, strategi solutif.
Ijtihad Ra’yu Sahabat dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an
Authors: Surono Yudi , Anita Anita
Published: August 2023

This research aims to find out the position of ijtihad Ra'yu sahabat in the interpretation of the Qur'an.The benefits of this study to improve our knowledge of the opinions, fatwas and ijtihads of friends in this science of qur'an interpretation after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Hadiths, poles al-turats, opinions of scholars, books of exegesis, suggestions of exegesis and related journals on interpretation in the time of the prophet's companions. The results obtained in this study are that Ijtihat Ra'yu shahabat in the qur'anic interpretation has a high quality, can be used as an argument in the science of tafsir. This is because the ijtihad of the shahabat in interpreting the Qur'an based on their understanding of the events behind the descent of the verse (asbaabunnuzul), thus making them have a deep understanding of the reasonableness, integration and interconnection between one verse of the Qur'an with other verses of the Qur'an and its application in the practice of life.
Pengaruh Hafalan Al-Qur'an Juz 30 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran PAI Siswa
Authors: Meilisa Shinta , Dwistia Halen
Published: August 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh hafalan Al-Qur’an juz 30 terhadap hasil belajar mata pelajaran PAI kelas VII di SMP Negeri 2 Anak Ratu Aji tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini jenis kuantitatif dengan populasi penelitian siswa SMP Negeri 2 anak ratu aji dengan subjek penelitian 29 siswa pada kelas VII. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi dan angket. Diketahui siswa dengan hafalan al-qur’an juz 30 dari 29 responden diketahui ada 5 siswa dengan katagori rendah sebesar 17,3 %, 10 siswa dengan katagori sedang sebesar 34,4 %, katagori tinggi sebanyak 14 siswa dengan presentase sebesar 48,3%. Untuk data hasil belajar mata pelajaran PAI siswa kelas VII dari 29 responden diketahui 9 siswa dengan katagori rendah sebesar 31 %, 8 siswa dengan katagori sedang sebesar 27,6 %, dan sebanyak 12 siswa masuk dalam katagori tinggi sebesar 41,4%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan f = 0,4896, dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pelaksanaan hafalan Al-Qur’an juz 30 terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Kitab Kuning dengan Metode Sorogan pada Santri Pondok Pesantren Walisongo
Authors: Hidayah Ridho , Asy'ari Hasyim
Published: August 2023

In this study, the main problem that must be faced is how we can improve the ability of students to read the yellow book. The yellow book or what we often call the bald book has messages that are so valuable that they require special skills to understand them. The ability to read the yellow book is one of the most important factors to understand the content contained in the text of the book. This ability is very necessary called habituation, and training, training to read the yellow book is one of the efforts to improve the ability of students to understand the yellow book. This sorogan training is a form of community service carried out by the Asatidz Council at MDF Walisongo Islamic Boarding School. Where a teacher will teach the values ​​contained in the yellow book. In learning the yellow book, the walisongo Islamic boarding school uses the sorogan method, where the students come forward one by one to face the kiyai or ustadz, then read the book by paying attention to the nahwu and shorofnya. Then after reading, the students then translate and explain the contents of the book. The sorogan method aims so that students can read the yellow book properly and correctly according to the nahwu and shorof rules, and can understand the contents in a yellow book. This research was conducted to find out how to increase the ability to read the yellow book with the sorogan method at the walisongo Islamic boarding school. The sorogan method is one of the traditional methods applied at the Walisongo Islamic Boarding School to assist students in reading and understanding the Yellow Book. The results of this study illustrate that the Walisongo Islamic Boarding School has given birth to a number of students who are able to read books with the initial stage knowing sakal, the second stage knowing Arabic grammar, and the third stage being able to provide the real meaning contained in the book being read.
The Existential Illusory Nature of Arbenin's Image as a Condemnation of the Ideological Perversion of the Ideals of Romantic Culture in M. Lermontov's drama "Masquerade"
Authors: Mysovskikh Lev Olegovich
Published: August 2023

In the article, through the prism of the existential philosophy of S. Kierkegaard, K. Jaspers, G.-G. Gadamer and J.-P. Sartre, as well as the theory of ideology of K. Manheim, the personality of the main character of M. Y. Lermontov's drama "Masquerade" – Arbenin is analyzed. The author of the article claims that Arbenin is in a state of existential despair and finds himself in a borderline situation. At the same time, in the drama "Masquerade", the ideals of Romanticism are reduced to a post-Romantic ideology. Lermontov does this intentionally in order to condemn the ideological perversion of the ideals of romantic culture. The drama also focuses on the general cultural border situation: how to protect yourself from the temptations of ideology at a time when existing ideals and values are disappearing.   The author of the article comes to the conclusion that in "Masquerade" Lermontov praises the romantic ideals of rebellious spirit and will, transcendent love and insight, even when he shows the dangers of turning these ideals into ideology. But "Masquerade" is not a romantic drama. This is a drama about romanticism, that is, about how the ideals of romantic culture can be perverted into an ideology that deceives and destroys people, destroying their unique existence, instead of elevating them. "Masquerade" is a variant of Lermontov's reaction to the difficulties that arose in his post–romantic, transitional time. Conveying his admiration for the ideals of romantic culture, Lermontov embodies one of the types of reaction to the realization of the decline of these ideals – the stereotypical reduction of the romantic worldview and values to a set of ideological concepts. But by portraying Arbenin, Lermontov hints at the possibility of recognizing that the worldview and values of Romanticism are losing their authority and integrity and that turning them into an ideology does not compensate for this loss. We need to find a new worldview, new values, new ideals.
Ricoeur, Gift and Poetics
Authors: Caputo Annalisa
Published: August 2023

Abstract In Ricoeur’s last works, we can find what he calls a poetics of love. Choosing the “dialectic” path of a comparison between love and justice, Ricoeur claims that justice lies in the rule of equivalence (give to each his own); the disorientation of love, instead, suspends the return, the equivalence, the exchange. Love does not say: “do ut des”, but rather (if we can transform the expression) it says “do ut dem”, to offer without expecting anything in return: this is what Ricoeur calls a “first gift”. However, it is an expectation that is always open to the possibility of a “surprise”: the surprise of a “second first gift” able to fulfill the gratuity of the original act of donation. This essay questions this possibility of “mutual gift”.
Reveal flocking phase transition of self-propelled active particles by machine learning regression uncertainty
Authors: Guo Wei-Chen , Ai Bao-Quan , He Liang ,   Institute of Theory Physics, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: August 2023

We develop the neural network based “learning from regression uncertainty” approach for the automatic detection of phases of matter in nonequilibrium active systems. Taking the flocking phase transition of self-propelled active particles described by the Vicsek model for example, we find that after training a neural network for solving the inverse statistical problem, i.e. for performing the regression task of reconstructing the noise level from given samples of such a nonequilibrium many-body complex system’s steady state configurations, the uncertainty of regression results obtained by the well-trained network can actually be utilized to reveal possible phase transitions in the system under study. The noise level dependence of regression uncertainty is assumed to be in a non-trivial M-shape, and its valley appears at the critical point of the flocking phase transition. By directly comparing this regression-based approach with the widely-used classification-based “learning by confusion” and “learning with blanking” approaches, we show that our approach has practical effectiveness, efficiency, good generality for various physical systems across interdisciplinary fields, and a greater possibility of being interpretable via conventional notions of physics. These approaches can complement each other to serve as a promising generic toolbox for investigating rich critical phenomena and providing data-driven evidence on the existence of various phase transitions, especially for those complex scenarios associated with first-order phase transitions or nonequilibrium active systems where traditional research methods in physics could face difficulties.
Convergent evolution in silico reveals shape and dynamic principles of directed locomotion
Authors: Biazzi Renata B , Fujita André , Takahashi Daniel Y
Published: August 2023

Active, directed locomotion on the ground is present in many phylogenetically distant species. Bilateral symmetry and modularity of the body are common traits often associated with improved directed locomotion. Nevertheless, both features result from natural selection, which is contingent (history-dependent) and multifactorial (several factors interact simultaneously). Based solely on the unique natural history on Earth, it is difficult to conclude that bilateral symmetry and modularity of the body are required traits for an improved locomotion ability as they can result from chance or be related to other body functions. As a way to avoid these caveats, we propose using physics-based simulations of 3D voxel-based soft robots evolved under different evolutionary scenarios to test the necessity of both traits for sustained and effective displacement on the ground. We found that an intermediate number of body modules (appendages) and high body symmetry are evolutionarily selected regardless of gravitational environments, robot sizes, and genotype encoding. Therefore, we conclude that both traits are strong candidates for universal principles related to improved directed locomotion.
Mice lacking triglyceride synthesis enzymes in adipose tissue are resistant to diet-induced obesity
Authors: Chitraju Chandramohan , Fischer Alexander W. , Ambaw Yohannes A. , Wang Kun , Yuan Bo , Hui Sheng , Walther Tobias C. , Farese Robert V.
Published: August 2023

Triglycerides (TG) in adipocytes provide the major stores of metabolic energy in the body. Optimal amounts of TG stores are desirable as insufficient capacity to store TG, as in lipodystrophy, or exceeding the capacity for storage, as in obesity, results in metabolic disease. We hypothesized that mice lacking TG storage in adipocytes would result in excess TG storage in cell types other than adipocytes and severe lipotoxicity accompanied by metabolic disease. To test this hypothesis, we selectively deleted both TG-synthesis enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, in adipocytes (ADGAT DKO mice). As expected with depleted energy stores, ADGAT DKO mice did not tolerate fasting well and, with prolonged fasting, entered torpor. However, ADGAT DKO mice were unexpectedly otherwise metabolically healthy and did not accumulate TGs ectopically or develop associated metabolic perturbations, even when fed a high-fat diet. The favorable metabolic phenotype resulted from activation of energy expenditure, in part via BAT activation and beiging of white adipose tissue. Thus, the ADGAT DKO mice provide a fascinating new model to study the coupling of metabolic energy storage to energy expenditure.
SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuated nef variant
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Matano Tetsuro
Published: August 2023

HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are known for impaired neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses. While sequential virus-host B cell interaction appears to be basally required for NAb induction, driver molecular signatures predisposing to NAb induction still remain largely unknown. Here we describe SIV-specific NAb induction following a virus-host interplay decreasing aberrant viral drive of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Screening of seventy difficult-to-neutralize SIV
mac239
-infected macaques found nine NAb-inducing animals, with seven selecting for a specific CD8
+
T-cell escape mutation in viral
nef
before NAb induction. This Nef-G63E mutation reduced excess Nef interaction-mediated drive of B-cell maturation-limiting PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2).
In vivo
imaging cytometry depicted preferential Nef perturbation of cognate Envelope-specific B cells, suggestive of polarized contact-dependent Nef transfer and corroborating cognate B-cell maturation post-mutant selection up to NAb induction. Results collectively exemplify a NAb induction pattern extrinsically reciprocal to human PI3K gain-of-function antibody-dysregulating disease, and indicate that harnessing the PI3K/mTORC2 axis may facilitate NAb induction against difficult-to-neutralize viruses including HIV/SIV.
Absence of electron transfer-associated changes in the time-dependent X-ray free-electron laser structures of the photosynthetic reaction center
Authors: Nishikawa Gai , Sugo Yu , Saito Keisuke , Ishikita Hiroshi
Published: August 2023

Using the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) structures of the photosynthetic reaction center from
Blastochloris viridis
that show light-induced time-dependent structural changes [Dods, R.et al. (2021) Nature
589
, 310-314], we investigated time-dependent changes in the energetics of the electron transfer pathway, considering the entire protein environment of the protein structures and titrating the redox active sites in the presence of all fully equilibrated titratable residues. In the dark and charge-separation intermediate structures, the calculated redox potential (
E
m
) values for the accessory bacteriochlorophyll and bacteriopheophytin in the electron-transfer active branch (B
L
and H
L
) are higher than those in the electron-transfer inactive branch (B
M
and H
M
). However, the stabilization of the [P
L
P
M
]
•+
HL

•
–

state owing to protein reorganization is not clearly observed in the
E
m
(H
L
) values in the charge-separated 5-ps ([P
L
P
M
]
•+
H
L

•
–

state) structure. Furthermore, the expected chlorin ring deformation upon formation of H
L

•
–

(saddling mode) is absent in the H
L
geometry of the original 5-ps structure. These findings suggest that there is no clear link between the time-dependent structural changes and the electron transfer events in the XFEL structures.
Caspase-mediated nuclear pore complex trimming in cell differentiation and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Cho Ukrae H. , Hetzer Martin W.
Published: August 2023

During apoptosis, caspases degrade 8 out of ∼30 nucleoporins to irreversibly demolish the nuclear pore complex. However, for poorly understood reasons, caspases are also activated during cell differentiation. Here, we show that sublethal activation of caspases during myogenesis results in the transient proteolysis of four peripheral Nups and one transmembrane Nup. “Trimmed” NPCs become nuclear export-defective, and we identified in an unbiased manner several classes of cytoplasmic, plasma-membrane, and mitochondrial proteins that rapidly accumulate in the nucleus. NPC trimming by non-apoptotic caspases was also observed in neurogenesis and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our results suggest that caspases can reversibly modulate nuclear transport activity, which allows them to function as agents of cell differentiation and adaptation at sublethal levels.
How accurately can one predict drug binding modes using AlphaFold models?
Authors: Karelina Masha , Noh Joseph J. , Dror Ron O.
Published: August 2023

Computational prediction of protein structure has been pursued intensely for decades, motivated largely by the goal of using structural models for drug discovery. Recently developed machine learning methods such as AlphaFold 2 (AF2) have dramatically improved protein structure prediction, with reported accuracy approaching that of experimentally determined structures. To what extent do these advances translate to an ability to predict more accurately how drugs and drug candidates bind to their target proteins? Here we carefully examine the utility of AF2 protein structure models for predicting binding poses of drug-like molecules at the largest class of drug targets, the G protein–coupled receptors. We find that AF2 models capture binding pocket structures much more accurately than traditional homology models, with errors nearly as small as differences between structures of the same protein determined experimentally with different ligands bound. Strikingly, however, the accuracy of ligand binding poses predicted by computational docking to AF2 models is not significantly higher than when docking to traditional homology models and is much lower than when docking to structures determined experimentally without these ligands bound. These results have important implications for all those who might use predicted protein structures for drug discovery.
ChatGPT identifies gender disparities in scientific peer review
Authors: Verharen Jeroen P. H.
Published: August 2023

The peer review process is a critical step in ensuring the quality of scientific research. However, its subjectivity has raised concerns. To investigate this issue, I examined over 500 publicly available peer review reports from 200 published neuroscience papers in 2022-2023. OpenAI’s generative artificial intelligence
ChatGPT
was used to analyze language use in these reports. This analysis found high levels of variability in how each reviewer scored the same paper, indicating the presence of subjectivity in the peer review process. The results also revealed that female first authors received less polite reviews than their male peers, indicating a gender bias in reviewing. Furthermore, published papers with a female senior author received more favorable reviews than papers with a male senior author, suggesting a gender disparity in academic publishing. This study highlights the potential of generative artificial intelligence in identifying areas of concern in scientific peer review and underscores the need to enhance transparency and objectivity in the scientific publishing process.
Low-Loss Super-Wide Band Antenna over Customized Substrate
Authors: Mohassieb S. A. , Ouf E. G. , Hussein K. F. A. , El-Hassan M. A. , Farahat A.
Published: August 2023

In this work, a super wide band antenna is proposed to operate in the frequency band 2.3-23 GHz. The antenna has two planar arms with a modified diamond shape printed on the opposite faces of three-layer dielectric substrate. Each arm of the antenna is capacitively coupled to circular sector near its end to increase the impedance matching bandwidth. The dielectric substrate is customized to fit the shape of the antenna arms and the parasitic elements to reduce the dielectric loss. The substrate material is composed of three layers. The upper and lower layers are Rogers RO3003TM of 0.13 mm thickness and the middle layer is made of paper of 2.3 dielectric constant and 2.7 mm thickness. The antenna is fed through a wide band impedance matching balun. The antenna design stages are performed through electromagnetic simulations concerned with the parametric study to get the optimum antenna dimensions to numerically investigate the role of the parasitic element to enhance the antenna performance. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated to validate the simulation results. The experimental measurements come in good agreement with the simulation results and both of them show that the antenna operates efficiently over the frequency band 2.3-23 GHz with minimum radiation efficiency of 97% and maximum gain of 5.2 dBi. The antenna has bandwidth to dimension ratio (BDR) of 1360.
Impact of ocean warming on a coral reef fish learning and memory
Authors: Silveira Mayara M. , Donelson Jennifer M. , McCormick Mark I. , Araujo-Silva Heloysa , Luchiari Ana C.
Published: August 2023

Tropical ectotherms are highly sensitive to environmental warming, especially coral reef fishes, which are negatively impacted by an increase of a few degrees in ocean temperature. However, much of our understanding on the thermal sensitivity of reef fish is focused on a few traits (e.g., metabolism, reproduction) and we currently lack knowledge on warming effects on cognition, which may endanger decision-making and survival. Here, we investigated the effects of warming on learning and memory in a damselfish species,Acanthochromis polyacanthus. Fish were held at 28–28.5 °C (control group), 30–30.5 °C (moderate warming group) or 31.5–32 °C (high warming group) for 2 weeks, and then trained to associate a blue tag (cue) to the presence of a conspecific (reward). Following 20 training trials (5 days), fish were tested for associative learning (on the following day) and memory storage (after a 5-days interval). The control groupA. polyacanthusshowed learning of the task and memory retention after five days, but increasing water temperature impaired learning and memory. A thorough understanding of the effects of heat stress, cognition, and fitness is urgently required because cognition may be a key factor determining animals’ performance in the predicted scenario of climate changes. Knowing how different species respond to warming can lead to better predictions of future community dynamics, and because it is species specific, it could pinpoint vulnerable/resilience species.
Genetic and morphological diversity in populations of Annona senegalensis Pers. occurring in Western (Benin) and Southern (Mozambique) Africa
Authors: Donhouedé Janine Conforte Fifonssi , Marques Isabel , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Ribeiro Natasha , Ribeiro-Barros Ana IF
Published: August 2023

Background

Understanding morpho-genetic diversity and differentiation of species with relatively large distributions is crucial for the conservation and sustainable management of their genetic resources. The present study focused on Annona senegalensis Pers., an important multipurpose wild plant, distributed exclusively in natural ecosystems but facing several threats. The study assessed the genetic and morphological diversity, structure, and differentiation of the species in populations from Western (Benin) and Southern (Mozambique) Africa. The material was evaluated to ascertain the environmental (climatic) determinants of the variation within this species.

Methods

Four sub-populations comprised of 154 individuals were phenotyped based on nineteen plant, fruit, and leaf morphological traits and further genotyped using ten polymorphic nuclear microsatellite (nSSR) markers.

Results

The results indicated strong differences in plant, fruit, and leaf morphological traits between Western and Southern populations. Furthermore, the studied populations were characterized by high genetic diversity, with an average genetic diversity index of 1.02. Western populations showed higher heterozygosity values (0.61–0.71) than Southern populations (0.41–0.49). Western and Southern populations were clearly differentiated into two different genetic groups, with further genetic subdivisions reflecting four sub-populations. Genetic variation between regions (populations) was higher (69.1%) than among (21.3%) and within (9.6%) sub-populations. Four distinct morphological clusters were obtained, which were strongly associated with the four genetic groups representing each sub-population. Climate, mainly precipitation and temperature indexes, explained the relatively higher variation found in morphological traits from Western (40.47%) in relation to Southern (27.98%) populations. Our study suggests that both environmental and genetic dynamics play an important role in the development of morphological variation in A. senegalensis.
Modelo de otimização da produção através de programação linear: uma aplicação inicial em uma indústria do setor gráfico
Authors: Marchi Jamur Johnas , Milnitz Diego
Published: August 2023

Neste artigo é proposto um modelo matemático com o intuito de otimizar os recursos utilizados no sistema produtivo reduzindo o custo total de uma indústria gráfica. Dessa forma, através de relatórios com dados do processo de produção da empresa é desenvolvido um modelo de programação linear, empregando para sua resolução o software LINDO (Linear, Interactive, and Discrete Optimizer). Após algumas simulações, a solução ótima para o processo é encontrada, tendo como resultado um custo total de produção dos itens de 42.128,34 reais. Esse custo produtivo é o menor valor possível para o sistema estudado, verificou-se também que o modelo pode ser melhorado, com a adição de outras variáveis importante do processo, portanto otimizando mais os custo de fabricação e auxiliando de forma pujante o uso dos recursos no sistema. Conclui-se, que o modelo proposto, apesar de inicial, permitiu significativas contribuições para o dimensionamento do sistema de produção estudado.
The vision of biostatistics and biometrics on the analysis of biometric data: the Framingham risk score as an example
Authors: D’Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , Pegoraro Fábio , D’Alessandro Aline Almeida Barbaresco , De Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins , Gomes Samara Tatielle Monteiro , De Sousa Sara Falcão , De França Junior Mosaniel Falcão
Published: August 2023

The fields of  Biostatistics and Biometrics play a crucial role in unraveling the mysteries of human health and empowering healthcare professionals to make informed decisions. By mining health data for meaningful patterns, they enable medical practitioners to identify emerging trends and develop targeted, effective policies and practices. Meanwhile, the analysis of biological data unleashes a wealth of insights, enabling accurate diagnoses and unleashing innovative therapies that transform lives. Together, these fields are a powerful force for good, fueling breakthroughs that enable us to better understand and heal the human body (Clayton and Hills 2019).
Geófitas Litorales En Contextos Arqueológicos De La Costa Arreica, Norte De Chile
Authors: Silva Díaz Claudia , De Ugarte Greene Milagros , Pinto Bahamonde Raquel , Farías Quezada Ivonne , Catalán Contreras Dánisa , Lorca Hurtado Rodrigo
Published: August 2023

Se evalúa el aporte de geófitas en la alimentación de poblaciones de la costa arreica a partir del análisis de material arqueobotánico proveniente de nuevas excavaciones en el sitio Patache A, B, C. Junto con ello, se hace una revisión exhaustiva a la información disponible para sitios arqueológicos emplazados en la costa arreica, norte de Chile, que presentan en sus contextos cormos y bulbos recolectados en los oasis de neblina, comunidades vegetales que crecen en el farellón costero gracias a la bruma del litoral conocida como camanchaca, y que, junto a los ambientes de desembocadura, son las principales fuentes de recursos terrestres para esta costa desértica. Asimismo, se repasan ejemplos etnográficos e históricos que traten sobre la recolección y usos de geófitas, junto a información botánica sobre los ciclos de estas plantas, dispersión y visibilidad en los oasis de neblina. A partir de todo lo anterior, se reflexiona acerca de su disponibilidad, estrategias de recolección y aportes a la dieta de los antiguos habitantes de la costa arreica.
Pueblos indígenas, pensamiento y debates de hoy: Las ciencias sociales y la paradoja del habla subalterna
Authors: Canales Tapia Pedro , Cabrera Llancaqueo José
Published: August 2023

El habla subalterna indígena se encuentra llena de complejidades, en gran medida por la relación que los sujetos “intelectuales indígenas” mantienen con las ciencias sociales y los corpus conceptuales que éstas utilizan. Este artículo se propone analizar estas complejidades, poniendo énfasis en cómo las conceptualizaciones de las ciencias sociales generan condiciones para abrir el campo de los esencialismos culturalistas, en un marco de emergencia indígena continua no exenta de paradojas.