bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of pial vessels reactivity after brief cerebral ischemia
Authors: Gorshkova O. P. , Lensman M. V. , Artem'eva A. I. , Dvoretsky D. P.
Published: December 2018

Cerebral blood vessel reactivity is one of the main determinants of final outcome of brain ischemia. Most of studies on the vascular mechanisms of ischemic brain injury, however, focus on the acute changes within ischemic period or several hours after it. Dilatatory capacity of cerebral arterioles (perfusion reservoir) is considered as an important factor of brain perfusion elevation in critical situations.The aim of the present study was to examine the pial vessel reactivity in response to hypercapnia in rats, subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia, at 7, 14 and 21 days after ischemia. Materials and methods. Transient global cerebral ischemia was induced in anesthetized Wistar rats by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 12 min with simultaneous controlled hypotension to 45±3 mm Hg, followed by blood reinfusion and recovery from anesthesia. Three different groups of rats were re-anesthetized at 7, 14 or 21 days after ischemia and subjected to microvascular reactivity studies using in vivo video microscopy. Hypercapnia was caused by i.v. injection of acetazolamide. The changes in diameter of pial arteries and veins in response to hypercapnia were measured. Results and discussion. Global cerebral ischemia led to marked decrease in pial vessels (both arteries and veins) reactivity in response to hypercapnia, caused by i.v. injection of acetazolamide. In intact rats, i.v. injection of acetazolamide led to pial arteries dilation and pial veins constriction; in animals subjected to ischemia-reperfuion. the numbers of dilated large arteries and constricted small veins were much less, as well as the extent of arterial dilation. Reactivity changes were observed in all time points studied. Conclusions. Thus, transient global cerebral ischemia cause marked and long lasting (3 weeks) decrease in pial vessel reactivity in response to hypercapnia.
CT angiography as a main method of diagnostics of rear forms of congenital pulmonary malformations in newborns
Authors: Ilina N. A.
Published: December 2018

Relevance. Congenital pulmonary abnormalities are revealed considerably more often than it was supposed. In many children, they represent the main reason for development of inflammatory process or respiratory failure. The improvement of diagnostic methods resulted in the fact that congenital pulmonary malformations are diagnosed in children of early age and even in the neonatal period. For the correct choice of treatment tactics and timing in congenital pulmonary malformations in newborns, it is very important to differentiate among several types of malformations, including congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, pulmonary sequestrations, bronchogenic and enterogenic cysts, and also bronchial atresia. Objective. To estimate possibilities of a chest computer tomographic angiography in the differential diagnosis of rare lung malformations in newborns. Materials and methods. The study included results of complex evaluation of 65 newborns, in which according to prenatal ultrasonic investigation, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation were assumed. The utility of computer tomographic angiography in newborns, possibilities of a method in differentiation of congenital pulmonary malformations are defined. Results. In 27 patients, the postnatal computer tomography confirmed the diagnosis of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations. In 38 patients, other malformations requiring surgical treatment were diagnosed. 61 children were subjected to surgical treatment. In 4 children, surgical treatment was not performed, and they were supervised by a pulmonologist. Questions of differential diagnostics of rare congenital pulmonary malformations in newborns as well as the comparison of our own results with the data of literature are considered. Conclusions. In the differential diagnosis of lung malformations in newborns, chest computer tomographic angiography can be used as the main method alternative to invasive procedures. Tactics of further surgical treatment of such patients in the newborn and later periods should be based on the results of chest computer tomographic angiography and depends on the identified lung malformation.
Possibilities of cold test to functional estimation of microcirculatory-tissue systems
Authors: Novikova I. N. , Dunaev A. V. , Sidorov V. V. , Krupatkin A. I.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Methods of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), tissue reflectance oximetry (TRO) and pulse oximetry are used to diagnose the microcirculatory-tissue system (MTS) condition and evaluate the tissue respiration. Use of these techniques in conjunction with a variety of functional stress tests allow the assessment of MTS parameters, reveal disorders of hemodynamics and evaluate the response of MTS to the functional tests. However, the dynamics of microcirculatory changes, tissue respiration and possible disorders during the cold pressor test (CPT) have, till now, been little studied with the help of laser diagnostic techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of changes in complex parameters of MTS during the CPT and to analyze the possible causes that affect these changes. Materials and methods. Using non-invasive optical methods of LDF, TRO and pulse oximetry, we investigated the dynamics of MTS parameter changes when using CPT in 32 healthy volunteers. Results. According to differences in the recovery rate of oxygen consumption during CPT, volunteers can be conditionally divided into 2 groups: 1 - displaying normal physiology and 2 - with a tendency to angiospasm and a lack of functional recovery of the MTS. To identify possible causes of angiospasm, we performed a detailed analysis of blood flow oscillations. This analysis revealed that the cause of angiospasm may be a disorder in the tone-shaping myogenic mechanisms regulating resistive microvessels, disturbances to the microcirculation of stagnant blood, or a combination of both of these factors. Conclusions. Use of the CPT for functional assessment of MTS allows us not only to estimate the reserve capabilities of the MTS, but also to identify - at a pre-clinical stage - propensity to angiospasm, which has practical value in the clinic.
The common carotid artery hypoplasia and aplasia of the left internal carotid artery combined with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery by CT-angiography
Authors: Baikov D. E. , Nagaev A. F. , Kashaev M. Sh. , Enikeyv D. A. , Ryahovskii A. E. , Baikova G. V.
Published: December 2018

In the present article, we discuss the problem of cerebrovascular diseases as one of the most important in social terms. The mechanisms of occurrence and epidemiological parameters characterizing the problem as a whole are presented. The article summarizes the main beam techniques such as angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound duplex scanning and X-ray computed tomography with bolus intravenous contrast infusion to allow a timely recognition of the disease. The strengths and weaknesses of different diagnostic tools are considered. The role of CT angiography as a primary diagnostic method is defined. CT angiography offers the advantage of getting comprehensive information about existing circulatory disorders. The case of rare congenital anomaly - hypoplasia of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery aplasia in conjunction with an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, - is described in 58-year-old woman. The characteristics of this disease are discussed. We also present the results of a survey on such vascular anomalies, which is defined on the basis of the type of compensatory intracranial collateral flow. This observation is of particular interest due to the rare occurrence and the existing difficulties in the choice of treatment.
The role of thrombin in the development of complications after intracoronary stenting
Authors: Berezovskaya G. A. , Karpenko M. A. , Petrishchev N. N. , Yakovlev A. N.
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this review is to increase the awareness of the experts about the multifaceted role of thrombin in the development of complications after percutaneous coronary intervention: restenosis and stent thrombosis. Here we present the analysis of clinical data obtained from 1990 to 2014, dealing with the study of basic mechanisms of thrombin action after angioplasty and coronary stenting, as well as the characteristics of the laboratory evaluation of thrombin generation and new antithrombotic drugs that block its activity. The article presents not only the original data, but also the personal view of the authors on the problem. The above information can be used in the learning process, as well as for the formation of new research directions and practical recommendations for physicians.
Neoangiogenesis control in oncology: mechanisms and prospects of practical application
Authors: Trashkov A. P. , Verlov N. A. , Tsygan N. V. , Artemenko M. R. , Pechatnikova V. A. , Vasiliev A. G. , Korablev R. V. , Verlova T. A.
Published: December 2018

Control over angiogenesis is a source of interest and object of studies for medical professionals of various specialties. Angiogenesis is a key component of malignant growth pathogenesis. The inhibition of this process may be used in the treatment of malignant neoplasms and their metastases, as well as benign tumors. In spite of tumor cells unique ability to cope with hypoxia and nutrients deficiency, they are however sooner or later experiencing need in adequate oxygen and glucose supply. Evidently to overcome the limitations of diffusion range fast-growing neoplasm needs to boost production of various proangiogenic factors that induce and stimulate growth of new blood vessels in peritumorous area as well as in the tumor itself. In spite of a large volume of studies the use of anti-angiogenic drugs in Oncology till nowadays is limited and in most of the cases is of empiric nature. Some of the researchers point out target anti-angiogenic therapy low effectivity with simultaneous increase of chemiotherapy in case of some oncologic ailments, shrinking of relapse-free period and increase of neoplasms' development and their invasive and metastatic potential. These problems require more profound investigation. The nature of interrelations between the tumor and blood vessels is complicated and the activity of neoangiogenesis affects the tumor growth to the same extent as the tumor affects angiogenesis. Nowadays we continue to amass data on this problem as well as find new versions of its interpretation, therefore one should soon expect a breakthrough in comprehension of tumor-angiogenesis correlation principles.
Non-invasive assessment of microcirculation in patients with late-stage complications of diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Vasiliev P. V. , Shishkin A. N. , Erofeev N. P. , Bubnova N. A. , Pchelin I. Y.
Published: December 2018

The aim of our study was to assess of microcirculation using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in patients with diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) caused by diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 16 patients with DFS. In the control group, 19 patients without diabetes mellitus were included. An LDF investigation was performed using Biopac LDF 100C system. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined using CKD-EPI formula. Results and discussion. According to LDF, patients with DFS had the severe form of microcirculatory failure, with abrupt worsening of venous drainage, caused by venous lesion during the diabetic microangiopathy. The marker LDF phenomena were decreasing of flaxmotion index, low- and high-frequency flaxmotions contribution and increasing of high-frequency flaxmotion contribution. During the eGFR decreasing in the main group a simultaneous decreasing of low-frequency flaxmotion contribution and flaxmotion index, also with increasing of high-frequency flaxmotions contribution and intravascular resistance shows to stazic form of microcirculatory disorder. Exposed correlations of LDF-indexes with eGFR can show that LDF has potential possibilities for diagnostics and progression assessment of microangiopathic changes. Summary. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, a progressive microcirculation failure takes place. With the development of the microangiopathy, a negative influence of venous stasis prevails over the ischemic events. The development of chronic kidney disease is an independent risk-factor of microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus type 2. Preclinical diagnostics of renal lesion is important for timely beginning of the protective therapy of severe microvascular complications.
Thermography-based analysis of lower limb vascular response to thermal challenge in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Usanov D. A. , Skripal A. V. , Potakhin S. N. , Sagaidachnyi A. A. , Fomin A. V. , Samsonova A. A.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study - thermography-based analysis of lower limb vascular response to thermal impact in patients with trophic disorders, diabetes mellitus and peripheral atherosclerosis. Materials and methods. Thermal impact was carried out using the heating pad acting for 20 minutes. Control of temperature of back of the feet was performed by thermal imaging camera with a thermal sensitivity of 0.02°C. The study involved a group of 8 subjects without vascular disorders of the lower limbs (controls), and patient group of 8 subjects with trophic disorders due to the progression of diabetes and atherosclerosis (age of 67±8 years). All patients had type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease with different levels and the degree of the main arterial occlusion. Intensity of trophic disorders changed from apical necrosis and trophic ulcers to gangrene of the foot. We calculated spectral amplitude parameters and temperature dynamics. Fourier transform was used to perform spectral analysis of temperature data. Results. Temperature response of limbs in patients with diabetes compared with healthy subjects was characterized by monotonous temperature variation without distinct oscillations; reduction in amplitude of oscillations within endothelial temperature range; relatively high average temperature difference between the left and right foot. In the group of healthy subjects reaction on thermal impact is not strictly two-stage, usually interpretable by theory as primary and secondary vasodilation. Conclusions. Decrease of temperature amplitude of endothelial range registered during thermal impact can be the sign of endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. Spectral and temperature characteristics of reaction of limbs on thermal impact can be used to assess trophic disorders and compensation mechanisms of regulation of metabolic processes in the group of patients with diabetes mellitus.
Noninvasive assessment of coronary blood flow parameters during an exercise test in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Zagatina A. V. , Zhuravskaya N. T. , Vareldzhyan Y. P.
Published: December 2018

Purpose. The aim of our study was to non-invasively investigate the parameters of coronary blood flow during exercise in patients with arterial hypertension. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 144 patients with arterial hypertension. All patients performed supine bicycle symptoms-limited tests. Throughout the exercise, the diastolic peaks of coronary flow velocity in left anterior descending artery (LAD) were measured. The values of diastolic velocity before and at maximal exercise, coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and difference between peak and rest velocities were calculated offline. The control group consisted of 145 healthy persons. Results. The rest blood flow velocity in LAD was 33.0±8.4 cm/s, the peak velocity in LAD was 80.3±16.5 cm/s, difference of velocities was 48.2±13.9 cm/s, CFVR was 2.55±0.56. Women and men were comparable in velocity parameters during exercise test. There was no significant correlation between mass/index of left ventricle mass and velocity data in LAD. Hypertensive patients were comparable in investigated coronary artery flow parameters with healthy group. Conclusions. During supine bicycle tests, the patients with arterial hypertension have a similar coronary artery flow velocity profile with healthy persons.
Clinical examples of microcirculation disorders in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Kireev K. A. , Krasnopeev A. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To improve the results of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment. Material and methods. We have analyzed 2 clinical cases of unfavorable course of AMI. Results. The middle aged patient who had ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome received immediate full reperfusion therapy (thrombolysis and stenting). It was performed early in the course of the disease and demonstrated good angiographic result. Postoperatively there were no typical evolution of ECG signs of AMI. By the end of the first day we registered stent thrombosis with fatal outcome. Cause of death: acute left ventricular failure. The area of infarcted cardiac muscle was about 40 %, in the projection of the apex of the left ventricle the acute aneurysm was formed. Perhaps this situation has been associated with disorders of microcirculation in the infarcted area, which can be potentially neutralized by inhibitors 2b/3a receptors of platelets. This drug was given to this patient too late (during rethrombosis). In another observation (with the same circumstances) the inhibitor of IIb/IIIa GP receptors was given during the early postoperative period, what was followed by the natural course of AMI. Conclusion. These examples demonstrate the need of additional antiplatelet support (inhibitor IIb/IIIa GP receptors) in such clinical situations.
Analysis of the causes of age-related decline in the velocity of cerebral blood flow
Authors: Schurov V. A.
Published: December 2018

Goal. Determining the causes of age-related decrease of blood flow velocity (BFV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in healthy subjects and in patients during surgical lengthening of stunted limbs. Methods. BFV in MCA was determined by transcranial Doppler. The analysis of the indicator in functional muscle sample of 30 healthy people 18-60 years old and 30 patients 3-62 years of lagging in the growth of one of the lower limbs in the course of its operational extension. As an indicator of cerebral autoregulation used swing changes BFV indicators during the second holding muscle functional test. Results. The age-related reduction in flow rate in the middle cerebral artery was more pronounced in patients with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. At the same time, the average value of the magnitude of blood flow velocity index changes during the functional test in healthy individuals older than 10 years, as well as in patients before treatment and during the fixation is stable (17-25 %). Conclusion. Age-related decline in the BFV at MCA is a prerequisite for the preservation of cerebral autoregulation. Disorders of cerebral autoregulation in patients undergoing distraction of limbs greatly reduces their tolerance to physical exercise.
Infrared thermography of human fingers as a method of assessing regional circulation adaptation to blood loss
Authors: Urakov A. L. , Kasatkin A. A. , Urakova N. A. , Dement'ev V. B.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study - to investigate the dynamics of the temperature of fingers and palms in response to short-term ischemia. Materials and methods. The temperature dynamics of fingers and palms was studied with infrared thermal images before, during and after 2 minutes of provocable ischemia in the right hand in 14 healthy volunteers; in 5 blood donors after 400 ml of blood loss; and in 35 patients diagnosed with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Infrared monitoring of hands temperature was performed by using ThermoTracer TH9100XX (NEC, USA) thermal imager. Ambient temperature of the examination room was 24-25°C, the temperature window of the thermal camera was set to the range of 25 to 36°C. Quantitative data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results. During the cuff occlusion test the fingers temperature of the healthy volunteer and blood donors after 60 minutes from collection 400 ml of blood was reduced by more than 0,1°C. After the cuff occlusion test in the pads of the fingers developed local hyperthermia, after 60-90 seconds of their temperature rises above baseline on 0.5-1.5°C, and then restored to the original level values for 3-5 minutes. Patients with hemorrhage by ATLS classification of more than 35% after the termination of cuff occlusion test hyperthermia in the fingertips are not developed, and they remained below baseline over 3-5 minutes the temperature. Conclusions. Changes in local temperature of human fingers after using cuff occlusion test can serve as a criterion for the adaptation of the regional blood flow to the blood loss.
The role of metformin in the prevention of diabetic nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bayrasheva V. K. , Babenko A. Yu. , Dmitriev Yu. V. , Bairamov A. A. , Chefu S. G. , Shatalov I. S. , Arefieva A. N. , Pchelin I. Yu. , Hudiakova N. V. , Aliev P. N. , Grineva E. N.
Published: December 2018

Introduction and purpose. A number of landmark trials have demonstrated clear benefits of metformin therapy in the prevention of macrovascular outcomes. Nevertheless, there is a lack of robust evidence to suggest whether metformin therapy will have similar beneficial outcomes in one of the most serious type 2 diabetes-related renal microvascular complications known as diabetic nephropathy. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of ten-week metformin treatment on renal morphofunctional changes in rats with non-genetic type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methods. Starting at 3 weeks after unilateral nephrectomy, adult male Wistar rats were fed the high-fat diet for 5 weeks, and then successively received nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in 15-min interval. Results. Starting at 11 weeks after confirmation of diabetes, metformin treatment did not attenuate routine renal dysfunction markers such as creatinine, creatinine clearance and albuminuria compared to placebo-treated diabetic group, and glomerulosclerosis index and glomerular expression of type IV collagen didn't significantly change either. Nevertheless, level of urinary kidney injury molecule-1, considered to be the marker of tubular damage in diabetes, was significantly lower in metformin-treated animals. Moreover, reduction of tubulointerstitial lesion tended to be significant. Conclusions. Under conditions of diabetic nephropathy modeling, metformin has shown direct protective effects against diabetic tubular disturbance. To assess long-term renal outcomes of these findings, more pre-clinical studies and clinical trials are required.
The investigation of cardioprotective effects of novel necroptosis inhibitors - necrosulfonamide and necrostatin-1s in the rat model of isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: Dmitriev Yu. V. , Minasian S. M. , Demchenko E. A. , Bayrasheva V. K. , Galagudza M. M.
Published: December 2018

Minimization of irreversible myocardial damage after ischemia-reperfusion episode remains valid and unsolved problem. Among of many pharmacological agents have been effective in experimental studies, only a few of them are evidence of its efficacy in clinical trials. This is largely explained by the mechanism of action of these compounds, aimed primarily at preventing reperfusion injury, and do not affect myocardial cells subjected to prolonged ischemia without reperfusion. In recent years, the interest of researchers confined to the mechanisms of programmed necrosis or necroptosis, which morphologically has no different to necrosis, but has molecular targets for suppression. In this paper, on the model of global ischemia-reperfusion in rats we have studied cardioprotective effects of high-activity and low-toxicity necroptosis inhibitors - necrosulfonamide and necrostatin-1s. We demonstrated the infarct-limiting effect of these compounds, as well as the best parameters of intracardiac hemodynamics after an episode of global ischemia-reperfusion. We believe these compounds are interesting for further preclinical studies.
Evaluation of clinical and immunological criteria of the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab at macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Drozdova E. A. , Khokhlova D. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) leads to retinal ischemia, releases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other cytokines that damage to the blood retinal barrier which causes to macular edema. The aim of the study was to determine the serum and the lacrimal fluid (LF) levels of VEGF-A and IL-6 in their association with clinical parameters in patients with BRVO on the background of ranibizumab treatment. Materials and methods: 32 patients (median age 58.9 years, women - 21) underwent a three month intravitreal ranibizumab injection (IRI) due to macular edema causes BRVO. Ophthalmological examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed every month. Serum and the LF levels of VEGF-A and IL-6 were measure by ELISA before and after 3 months of treatment with IRI. The control group consist of healthy volunteers in the same age. Results: The visual acuity was improved on the background of the three IRI to 0.3 (±0.1) by Snellen in nonischemic type and 0.15 (±0.04) in ischemic type BRVO. Reduction of the retinal thickness in the macula was obtained in both groups. The serum (714.6±311 pg/ml) and LF level (762.6±432 pg/ml) of VEGF-A were in 2 times higher than in a con-trol and significantly correlated (p=0.0001) with retinal thickness. The serum level of IL-6 was higher than in control in ischemic type BRVO. Ranibizumab treatment resulted to decrease serum and LF level of VEGF-A in all patients in correlation with clinical parameters. LF level of IL-6 was decreased in while non-ischemic type of occlusion. Conclusions: There were determined high serum and lacrimal fluid levels of VEGF-A correlated with retinal thickness in patients with macular edema due to BRVO. Intravitreal ranibizumab injections led to reduced VEGF-A in serum and tear, correlating with improvement in clinical parameters.
Pulmonary embolism in combination with a reversible and irreversible airflow obstruction
Authors: Zolotnitskaya V. P. , Titova O. N. , Lukina O. V. , Bobrov E. I.
Published: December 2018

Pulmonary thromboembolism, combined with bronchial obstruction is the most difficult in the diagnosis, because it can be presented as a combination of unventilated and not perfused areas and this disorders can occur in the acute phase of embolism, and also in long-term period after the onset. Aim: To evaluate influence of different disorders of blood circulation in the lungs on the development of bronchial obstruction in patients with different forms of PE. Material and Methods: We analyzed of the results of radiological methods: perfusion scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography using the combined technology (SPECT-CT) and multislice computed tomography - high-resolution computed tomography (VRKT), functional tests, multislice computed tomography angiography (MSCTA) in 250 patients (without concomitant pathology of bronchopulmonary system) suspicious of pulmonary embolism. Results and conclusions: Bronchoconstriction in patients with pulmonary embolism of small branches pulmonary artery increases severity of the disease. Analyzing the patients data we founded out that distinct clinical effect was achieved only with additional treatment with bronchodilators. In chronic course of the pulmonary embolism development of emphysema was detected, at first local - in ischemic segments, then involving the adjacent lung regions. In this case, the severity of the disease is caused not by embolism itself, but also because of development of persistent bronchial obstruction. These changes are considered as «postembolic pulmonary disease», and determine severity of perfusion and ventilation dysfunction.
The role of vasoactive medicine in treatment and rehabilitation of women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Al-Shukri S. H. , Kuzmin I. V. , Shabudina N. O. , Slesarevskaya M. N. , Ignashov Yu. A.
Published: December 2018

Purpose of the study: to analyze thee influence of vasoactive drugs in combination treatment in women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). Methods. 177 women with CPPS were examined. The average age was from 18 to 84 years (32.6±9.3). The duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 6 years (an average of 2.7±0.9 years). To study the microcirculation of the bladder, the original technique of intravesical high-frequency ultrasonic dopplerography was used. An assessment of the intensity of the pain syndrome and urination disorders was carried out using the PUF questionnaire, and an evaluation of the psychoemotional status using the depression scale of A.T. Back. Results. After the examination, all patients with CPPS (n=177) were divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group (n=88) patients got standard therapy in the form of instillations of the bladder and suppositories with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In the 2nd group (n=89), the patients received therapy in combination with a vasoactive drug (pentoxifylline in a dose 200 mg per day), 10 days. Analysis of the results of intravesical dopplerography of the bladder revealed differences in the state of microcirculation in women with CPPS, depending on the treatment regimen. The parameters of the microcirculatory bed have significantly improved at the arterial and capillary levels in patients with CPPS who got combined therapy with vasoactive drugs. The conducted therapy led to a significant decrease in the severity of the symptoms, which was confirmed with the questionnaire «Scale of Pelvic Pain Symptoms, Mandatory, Frequent Urination» and evaluation of the psychoemotional state according to the depression scale of A.T. Back. Conclusion. Insufficient effectiveness of standard CPPS therapy is caused in particular by altered blood flow in the bladder in this category of patients. Therefore, it is advisable to include vasoactive drugs in combination therapy of CPPS in women.
Definition of pathogenetic variants of a hemophilic arthropathy by means of the functional assessment of microcirculation
Authors: Kosyakova Yu. A. , Davydkin I. L. , Gergel N. I.
Published: December 2018

Introduction. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of hemophilic arthropathy is crucial for prevention of irreversible injury to joints in patients with hemophilia. Research objective - to define a role of altered regulation of microcirculation in formation of joint injury in patients with hemophilia. Methods. The changes in knee and ankle joints in 82 patients with hemophilia were investigated by means of ultrasound and X-ray. Microcirculation was evaluated using computer infrared thermography and laser doppler flowmetry in joints of 44 patients and 46 healthy individuals. Results. Increased temperature and perfusion (M) are major risk factors of hemarthrosis development (RR=1.86 and RR=1.26) and are characteristic of joints with hemorrhages developing more often than 1 time per month. Increase in these indexes in joints without hemarthrosis in the anamnesis is a sign of a latent inflammation. Both decrease in the index of shunting (IS) and increase in a vibration amplitude of perfusion in the endothelial range (Amax E) are characteristic of joints with a recurrence of hemarthrosis more often than 3 times a month. Decrease in indexes of M and Amax E with concomitant increase in PSh demonstrate low risk of hemarthrosis. Conclusions. Changes of microcirculation in joints represent an important factor in the pathogenesis of hemophilic arthropathy development in the patients with variable risk of a recurrence of a hemarthrosis. Joint inflammation leads to endothelial dysfunction with poor vasospasm, to increase in Amax E and M that is a new diagnostic sign of a latent inflammation in joints. Decrease of PSh promotes recurrence of hemarthrosis because of strengthening of an imbuing of tissues of joint blood. Preservation of endothelium-mediated vasoconstriction, decrease in the neurogenic tone, increase in shunting of blood are characteristic features of hemophilic arthropathy in patients with infrequent recurrence of hemarthrosis.
Acute embologenic phlebothrombosis in the inferior vena cava: long-term results
Authors: Pan V. I. , Gordeev N. A. , Myasnikova M. O. , Morozov V. P.
Published: December 2018

The analysis of long-term results of diagnosis and treatment in 1057 patients with embologenic phlebothrombosis in the inferior vena cava, including pregnant women (n=69) and postpartum women (n=33). Of particular interest is the study of genetic disorders of hemostasis that contribute to thrombosis in pregnant and postpartum women, thereby threatening the life of both mother and child. Observations of such patients within 5, 10, 15 or more years have confirmed a sufficient efficiency of that program of prevention and treatment of life-threatening situations developed by the authors, including the correction of genetic disorders of hemostasis, which led to the preservation of life and the safe delivery of all monitored patients in this group.
The brain functional activity - bioelectrical marker of the effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy performed in the acute period of ischemic stroke
Authors: Stafeeva I. V. , Voznjouk I. A. , Dudanov I. P.
Published: December 2018

Bioelectrical activity is a universal characteristic of functional state of the brain at a normal level of blood flow and under hypoperfusion. This parameter can be used to assess the effectiveness of the operation before and after endarterectomy. In this study we analyzed spectral characteristics of EEG in 106 patients who underwent endarterectomy in the acute period of stroke before and after two weeks from the onset of the disease. Was studied the dynamics of the power spectra of the EEG evoked potentials and clinical data before and after surgery. It is revealed that the nature of the change in the spectral power of alpha and beta activity of the EEG in the affected and in the intact hemisphere in acute ischaemic stroke can affect the timing of carotid endarterectomy and are important for the prediction of functional outcome after surgery. Inhibition of alpha- and beta-activity in both hemispheres in the preoperative period is an unfavorable factor for surgical intervention, as this will not lead to restoration of disturbed functions irrespective of stroke severity.
High salts intake, cardiovascular system and kidney in spontaneous hypertensive rats
Authors: Kucher A. G. , Beresneva O. N. , Parastaeva M. M. , Ivanova G. T. , Zarajsky M. I. , Shwed N. V. , Kayukov I. G.
Published: December 2018

Objective. To study the influence of diet containing high or normal NaCl on the arterial blood pressure level (BP), heart rate (HR), processes of myocardial remodeling and of nuclear transcription factor kB (NFkB) expression in myocardium and kidney in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Design and methods. The two groups of male SHRs received a diet with normal (0.34 %; n = 24, control) and high content of NaCl (8.0 %; n = 25; experimental group) for 2 months. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac left ventricular mass index (LVMI), left (LKMI) and right (RKMI) kidney mass indexes were determined. Morphological study of myocardium (light microscopy), including quantitative morphometry was carried out. In part of animals the relative level of NFkB gene expression in heart and kidney tissues was studied. Results and discussion. In rats fed a diet containing 8 % NaCl BP and HR did not change significantly compared with the control. However, LVMI, RKMI, LKMI were significantly higher in high-salt diet-treated animals than in controls. The heart of high-salt diet-treated animals developed the changes leading to hypertrophy and possibly hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes. In these animals, perivascular fibrosis, significant increase of arterial wall thickness and vacuolization of smooth muscle cells were revealed. The relative level of NFKB gene expression in rats receiving high-salt diet was 33-fold higher in myocardium and 12-fold higher in kidneys than in animals fed a normal salt diet. Conclusion. The high-salt diet is not necessarily accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, but causes myocardial remodeling, apparently due to direct «toxic» effects. The negative impact on the cardiovascular system of high-salt diet is in part mediated through NFkB-associated signaling pathways. Furthermore, high NaCl diet causes activation of NFkB in the kidneys.
Temperature and hemodynamic effects during the occlusion test on the upper limbs of healthy subjects: synchronicity, vasoconstriction, vasodilation
Authors: Sagaidachnyi A. A. , Fomin A. V. , Skripal A. V. , Usanov D. A.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the study is to describe the temperature and hemodynamic effects that occur during the pressure cuff test (CT). Materials and methods. The reaction to CT has been studied by thermography, photoplethysmography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound dopplerography. Results. At rest oscillations in skin temperature and hemodynamics of the left and right hands were synchronous. During occlusion a vasoconstriction of arteries below the cuff occurred, the blood being deposited in the venous bed. The opening of the sweat channels on the fingers of the subjects during the application and/or removal of occlusion was recorded for the first time. Conclusions. Occlusion leads to a transition from the oscillatory regime of changes in the tonus of the vessels of the shoulder and hand to the regime of vasoconstriction, and after the removal of occlusion - to vasodilation.
Modern concepts of the morphofunctional organization of vascularization of liver
Authors: Milyukov V. E. , Sharifova H. M.
Published: December 2018

The liver is one of the most significant organs of regulation of vital processes in the human body. The basis of coordination of metabolic processes is the blood vessel vascular bed of the liver. According to most researchers, it is the consequence of hemodynamic disorders that are the metabolic disorders that are caused and then maintained by tissue hypoxia. Modern ideas about the morphofunctional organization of the vascular bed of the liver are necessary for physicians of practical medical practice dealing with both the diagnosis of the degree of changes and the treatment of the organs of the hepato-gastro-duodenal region. Of particular practical interest for surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary zone is the knowledge of options for the formation of arteries of the liver.
The capabilities of laser Doppler flowmetry in assessment of lymph and blood microcirculation
Authors: Dremin V. V. , Kozlov I. O. , Zherebtsov E. A. , Makovik I. N. , Dunaev A. V. , Sidorov V. V. , Krupatkin A. I.
Published: December 2018

The aim of the work was to explore the capabilities of LDF method in studying the human skin blood and lymph microcirculation. Materials and methods. It was assumed that analyzing LDF signals in different frequency ranges of the Doppler shift allows the evaluation of the motion of various scattering particles. Results and discussion. When conducting functional tests, the reverse reaction of the microcirculation index in the low frequency ranges was observed in comparison with the high-frequency ones. Additional differences were obtained in the wavelet analysis of LDF signals. Conclusions. The proposed approach with division into frequency ranges proved useful in the joint study of microhemo- and lymphocirculation.
Glucocorticoids stimulate the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes
Authors: Lobov G. I. , Unt D. V.
Published: December 2018

Objective. The lymphatic network participates in the launch and development of an immune response. From an immunological point of view, the lymph flow, provided by active contractions of the lymphatic vessels, is the process of delivering antigens and antigen-presenting cells to the lymph nodes. The purpose of this study is to study the non-genomic effects and mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids, which are natural immunomodulators, on the transport function of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Materials and methods. Bovine mesenteric afferent lymphatic vessels 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter and lymph nodes were used for the study. The contractile activity of isolated lymphatic vessels and capsules of lymph nodes under the action of glucocorticoids in vitro were studied. Agonists and antagonists of signaling pathways were used to determine the mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids on smooth muscle cells. Results and their discussion. Glucocorticoids in therapeutic concentrations increase the tone of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, increase in frequency and a decrease the amplitude of phase contractions. It is shown that glucocorticoids stimulate α-adrenoreceptors of smooth muscle cells due to the increase in their affinity. Glucocorticoids activate in the smooth muscle cells the RhoA / ROCK signaling pathway and inhibit the synthesis of endothelial vasodilators - NO and prostacyclin. The revealed changes in the contractile function of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes under the action of glucocorticoids underlie the modulation of glucocorticoid transport of lymph and the speed of delivery to the lymph nodes of antigens and antigen-presenting cells, i.e. regulation of immune responses. Conclusions. Non-genomic effects and mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids on the contractile function of lymphatic vessels and nodes have been studied. Glucocorticoids activate smooth muscle cells of lymphatic vessels and nodes by stimulating α-adrenoreceptors, and also inhibit the production of NO and prostacyclin.
The no-reflow phenomenon: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Galagudza M. M. , Sonin D. L. , Pochkaeva E. I.
Published: December 2018

The phenomenon of «no-reflow» refers to a state of myocardial tissue hypoperfusion or absence of perfusion after eliminating the cause of the occlusion of the coronary artery. Two main pathogenetic mechanisms may contribute to the development of no-reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with myocardial infarction: ischemic-reperfusion injury of the microcirculatory vessels and embolization of the distal arterial bed with fragments of thrombus and atherosclerotic plaque. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of no-reflow, risk factors for no-reflow phenomenon, the principles of diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
The impact of the contact of venous human blood with sorbents on some of blood physicochemical parameters in vitro
Authors: Kuznetsov S. I. , Kirichuk O. P. , Burkova N. V. , Topko A. A. , Davankov V. A. , Postnov V. N. , Litvinenko E. V.
Published: December 2018

Purpose of the study. To assess the effect of contact between hyper-crosslinked polystyrene (HCP) MN-202 and two silica gels (coarse-grained silica gel large-pore (CSL-2) and Silochrom S-120) with human venous blood in vitro conditions to change its physico-chemical parameters. Material and methods. In bench conditions the contact interaction of heparinized blood and sorbents in the rotational mode is carried out for 120 minutes Oxygen status, acid-base status (ABS), electrolytes and some metabolites were evaluated. The analyzer ABL 800 FLEX / 835 Version 6.13 Build 372 was used. Conclusion. HCP MN-202 and Silochrom s-120 can be used as neutral matrices to further modify and design specific hemocontact preparations.
Research of the peculiarities of colloidal quantum dots of AgInS2/ZnS and chitosan nanoparticles labeled with indocyanine green as the fluorescent labels for biomedical applications
Authors: Istomina M. S. , Pochkaeva E. I. , Sonin D. L. , Pechnikova N. A. , Postnov V. N. , Mazing D. S. , Korolev D. V.
Published: December 2018

The research is devoted to the investigating of the possibility of using colloidal quantum dots, covered by various layers and nanoparticles of chitosan labelled with indocyanin green for fluorescence imaging in vitro and in vivo. Pure quantum dots and dots in the shell synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and in the shell of albumin were investigated. Research using fluorescence Visualizer IVIS Lumina LT Series III (Perkin Elmer, USA) was conducted. The possibility of using quantum dots for in vitro diagnostics, and chitosan nanoparticles - in vitro and in vivo was presented.
The type of blood supply to the heart and the total length of coronary arteries in men and women in the second period of mature and elderly age
Authors: Milyukov V. Y. , Zharikova T. S.
Published: December 2018

The goal of the work is to identify gender peculiarities and age-related changes in the length of the coronary arteries in the norm. 161 coronaroangiograms of men and women aged 36-74 years without signs of pathological changes of the coronary arteries were studied. The programs «Syngo Fast View», «Adobe Photoshop CS7», «Microsoft Excel», «SPSS» were used. In elderly people, the length of the branches of the right and left coronary arteries and their total length is greater than in people of the second period of adulthood. In the elderly, there is a decrease in the difference in the length of the branches of the channel of the right and left coronary arteries. The type (type) of blood supply of the heart can be determined, based on the evaluation of the coronary bed: the length of the coronary arteries and the volume of blood supply to them tissues.
Neuroprotective activity of orexin system in ischemic stroke
Authors: Filchenko I. A. , Sviryaev Yu. V. , Vlasov T. D.
Published: December 2018

The protective potential of orexin system is a field of interest in the search of the new methods to diminish brain damage in ischemic stroke. The cytoprotective potential of orexins in hypoxic damage is associated with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and with their ability to activate proliferation and normalize metabolism. Even though today little is known about the role of orexins in memory and pain in ischemic stroke, the common features of the pathogenesis of these disruptions and the mechanisms of orexin-associated protection could suggest the opportunity to use of orexins for correction of these complications following ischemic stroke. Further studies of the orexin-associated neuroprotection could become the further step on the way to the new therapeutic approaches in ischemic stroke.
Examination of periodontal tissue in modeling microgravity conditions
Authors: Skedina M. A. , Solov’Eva Z. O. , Kovaleva A. A. , Ilyin V. K.
Published: December 2018

A complex assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out, including microcirculatory, microbiological and immunological studies in conditions simulating microgravity. Under conditions of a 5-day «dry» immersion, 8 male volunteers were subjected to blood flow velocity measuring in microcirculatory bed of periodontal disease, measuring of immunoglobulins level in the oral fluid, and investigations of periodontal microflora. On the 5th day of immersion and on 7-th day after immersion, there was a decrease in the blood flow velocity in the periodontal tissues in mandible (p≤0.05) in maxilla. Five main parodontopathogenic microorganisms predominated after experiment. At the same time, the growth trend of sIgA was noted, which, probably, can be associated with the appearance of parodontopathogenic microflora in the oral cavity. A comprehensive study showed a predisposition of periodontal tissues in conditions of immersion to inflammatory diseases and a decrease of periodontal disease barrier functions.