bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation Principles and Ligand Dynamics of Nanoassemblies of CdSe Quantum Dots and Functionalised Dye Molecules
Authors: Blaudeck Thomas , Zenkevich Eduard I. , Abdel‐Mottaleb Mohamed , Szwaykowska Klementyna , Kowerko Danny , Cichos Frank , von Borczyskowski Christian
Published: December 2011

Functional dye molecules, such as porphyrins, attached to CdSe quantum dots (QDs) through anchoring meso‐pyridyl substituents, form quasi‐stable nanoassemblies. This fact results in photoluminescence (PL) quenching of the QDs both due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the formation of non‐radiative surface states under conditions of quantum confinement (non‐FRET). The formation process is in competition with the ligand dynamics. At least two timescales are found for the formation of the assemblies: 1) one faster than 60 s attributed to saturation of empty attachment sites and 2) one slower than 600 s, which is attributed to a reorganisation of the tri‐n‐octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) ligand shell. Finally, this process results in almost complete exchange of the TOPO shell by porphyrin dye molecules. Following a Stern–Volmer analysis, we established a microscopic description of PL quenching and assembly formation. Based on this formalism, we determined the equilibrium constant for assembly formation between QDs and the pyridyl‐functionalised dye molecules to be ${K \approx 10^5 - 10^7 }$ M−1, which is several orders of magnitude larger than that of the TOPO ligands. Our results give additional insights into the non‐FRET PL quenching processes involved and show that the QD surface is inhomogeneous with respect to the involved attachment and detachment processes. In comparison with other methods, such as NMR spectroscopy, the advantage of our approach is that ligand dynamics can be investigated at extremely low ratios of dye molecules to QDs.
Water‐Soluble Monodispersed Lanthanide Oxide Submicrospheres: PVP‐Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis, Size‐Control and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Cui Ying , Lai Xiaoyong , Li Li , Hu Zhudong , Wang Shuo , Halpert Jonathan E. , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: December 2011

We report a facile hydrothermal synthetic route to prepare a class of monodispersed lanthanide‐based compound submicrospheres with controllable size, which employs raw lanthanide oxides as starting material, urea as precipitator and poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) as surfactant. Dependent on the intrinsic properties of respective lanthanide, the resulting products could be in the form of oxide, hydroxide or basic carbonate. These lanthanide hydroxides or basic carbonates can be easily transformed into their corresponding oxides by calcination, retaining the same morphology and size dispersion. The formation mechanism of these lanthanide‐based compound submicrospheres is investigated and PVP plays a critical role in forming uniform and well‐dispersed products. Furthermore, this method could be extended to a binary system by using two kinds of lanthanide oxides as starting material, resulting in doped‐type lanthanide oxide submicrospheres (such as Y2O3:Eu3+). The Y2O3:Eu3+ submicrospheres exhibit nearly uniform spherical morphology and narrow size distribution as well as good water solubility and sharp spectral emission at 610 nm (corresponding to the 5D0–7F2 transition of Eu3+). This makes them attractive materials for applications in fields such as fluorescent lamps, field emission displays (FEDs) or LCDs, or as biomedical labels and molecular probes.
Role of streaming potential on pulsating mass flow rate control in combined electroosmotic and pressure‐driven microfluidic devices
Authors: Chakraborty Jeevanjyoti , Ray Subhashis , Chakraborty Suman
Published: December 2011

In the present study, we investigate the implications of streaming potential on the mass flow rate control in a microfluidic device actuated by the combined application of a pulsating pressure gradient and a pulsating, externally applied, electric field. We demonstrate that the temporal dynamics due to streaming potential effects may lead to interesting non‐trivial aspects of the resultant transport characteristics. Our results highlight the importance of an adequate accounting of the streaming potential effects for temporally tunable mass flow rate control strategies, which may act as a useful design artifice to augment mass flow rates in practical scenarios.
Dodecagonal Quasicrystals Still in Progress
Authors: Ishimasa Tsutomu
Published: December 2011

The dodecagonal quasiperiodic order is rather rare in the material world, but has been observed in various systems from alloys to aggregates of cylindrical polymers and in a wide range of dimensions. They exhibit uniaxial 12‐fold diffraction symmetry, and have common structural properties originating from the arrangement of structural units on a square–triangle tiling. All dodecagonal quasicrystals known so far were classified into the so‐called random‐tiling type and not into a mathematically ideal quasiperiodic type. The observed dodecagonal quasicrystals deviated from the ideal state with respect to the limited size of their quasicrystalline region and their structural inhomogeniety. This may be caused by the structural metastability that prevents synthesis of high quality quasicrystals. The effort toward an ideal dodecagonal quasicrystal, in particular in alloys, is reviewed here. There may be two key points: one is taking advantage of the entropy for stabilization, namely the tiling configurational entropy, and the other is taking advantage of so‐called second generation tiles scaled up by a factor of 2+√3 as observed in Ta1.6Te quasicrystal and Mn‐Si‐(Cr, V) approximant systems.
A Distinctive Feature of the Surface Structure of Quasicrystals: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Heterogeneity
Authors: Thiel Patricia A. , Ünal Barış , Jenks Cynthia J. , Goldman Alan I. , Canfield Paul C. , Lograsso Thomas A. , Evans James W. , Quiquandon Marianne , Gratias Denis , Van Hove Michel A.
Published: December 2011

This paper reviews a feature of atomically‐clean quasicrystal surfaces that distinguishes them from surfaces of crystalline materials. That feature is a high degree of heterogeneity among different terraces, and among structurally‐identical adsorption sites. The heterogeneity can be both structural and chemical in origin. A large variability is expected even for a surface which is perfectly bulk‐terminated, and we call this intrinsic heterogeneity. Additional variability can derive from the surface preparation process, which can yield metastable structures. We call this extrinsic heterogeneity. Experimental evidence is given for both cases. This heterogeneity can be an important factor in understanding and predicting surface phenomena such as chemisorption.
National Board for Certified Counselors: History, Relationships, and Projections
Authors: STONE LLOYD A.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to inform the reader of the history, relationships, and projections of the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), which was incorporated in July 1982 and now certifies over 14,000 counselors.
Rehabilitation Counselor Certification
Authors: HEDGEMAN BETTY S.
Published: December 2011

The certification of counselors has been an important professional issue for several years. Rehabilitation counselor certification was the first credentialing process established. This article describes its history and the current criteria for certification.
Implications of Cybernetic Epistemology for Clinical Research: A Reply to Howard
Authors: KEENEY BRADFORD P. , MORRIS JAMES
Published: December 2011

This response to Howard's article deals with the application of cybernetic epistemology to clinical research and practice. Implications for scientific research are discussed.
Androgyny: A Goal for Counseling?
Authors: COOK ELLEN PIEL
Published: December 2011

Although psychological androgyny is a useful and attractive concept for many counselors, a review of the literature suggests that androgyny cannot now serve as a concrete goal for sex‐role counseling. It may also pose its own problems for individuals.
Counseling Prisoners: Ethical Issues, Dilemmas, and Cautions
Authors: SCOTT NORMAN A.
Published: December 2011

Counseling prisoners involves multiple ethical and therapeutic choices and risks. Prison environments emphasize external control and security. Thus, work in such settings challenges the role of the counselor as a facilitator of client responsibility for independent decision making.
Career Development in Business and Industry
Authors: DORN FRED J.
Published: December 2011

Mihal, W., Sorce, P., & Comte, T. (1984). A process model of individual career decision making. Academy of Management Review, 9, 95–103.

Stumpf, S., & Hartman, K. (1984). Individual exploration to organizational commitment or withdrawal. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 308–329.
Psychiatric Epidemiology: Its Relevance for Counselors
Authors: WATKINS C. EDWARD , PETERSON POLLY
Published: December 2011

Review of five articles from the epidemiological series appearing in the Archives of General Psychiatry, 1984, 41, 934–979.
The Effects of Classroom Guidance on Children's Success in School
Authors: GERLER EDWIN R. , ANDERSON RONALD F.
Published: December 2011

The authors investigated the effects of classroom guidance on children's classroom behavior, attitudes toward school, and achievement in language arts and mathematics. Pretreatment and posttreatment data were collected on each variable for the treatment and control groups. The study involved 896 children (grades 4 and 5) from 18 different schools in North Carolina. The children came from virtually every geographic region of North Carolina and represented varying economic, social, and cultural environments. Eighteen school counselors volunteered to lead the guidance sessions for children in the treatment group. Results showed the treatment group (n = 453) improving and the control group (n = 443) declining on two measures of classroom behavior and on a single measure of attitude toward school. The differences in score changes between the groups on all these measures were statistically significant (p<.001). The results showed no significant differences in language and math grade changes between the groups. The differences in language grade changes between the groups approached significance (p<.10, however, with the treatment group's language grades improving and the control group's language grades not changing.
Stories About Counselors and Computers: Their Use in Workshops
Authors: MEIER SCOTT T.
Published: December 2011

Story‐telling has been a traditional method of teaching new ideas and facilitating change. The author presents three fictional dialogues that demonstrate concerns regarding computers and counseling. Evaluation of these dialogues by participants in a computer training workshop is also discussed.
Some Arguments Against Analyzing Client Change Graphically
Authors: SHARPLEY CHRISTOPHER F.
Published: December 2011

Although single‐subject research techniques are relevant and valuable to counselors, analyzing change by graphs alone is open to major sources of error. The author discusses these sources and explores the issues of serial dependency, unreliability of graphs, interjudge disagreement on graphed data, and the use of a more reliable statistical procedure (the time‐series statistic) with relevance to the counselor in the field.
Ethical Principles in Counseling
Authors: VAN HOOSE WILLIAM H.
Published: December 2011

Kitchener, K.S. (1984). Intuition, Critical Evaluation and Ethical Principles: The Foundation for Ethical Decisions in Counseling Psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12(3), 43–55.
Multidimensional Scaling in Counseling Research and Practice
Authors: DAVISON MARK L. , RICHARDS P. SCOTT , ROUNDS JAMES B.
Published: December 2011

The authors briefly describe the use of multidimensional scaling (MDS) in counseling. They discuss types of data that have been analyzed using MDS, kinds of MDS analyses, and the interpretation of MDS results and review MDS research relevant to vocational, family, group, and individual counseling. They also briefly discuss potential applications in counseling practice.
The Leadership of Merle Ohlsen
Authors: HORNE ARTHUR M.
Published: December 2011

This interview focuses on the contributions of Merle Ohlsen to the development of the counseling profession and to the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD).
Microcounseling and Beyond: A Dialogue with Allen Ivey
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

This interview with Allen Ivey reflects the recent changes in his micro‐counseling model and the manifestation of his social consciousness in microcounseling's cross‐cultural patina.
Cognitive Approaches to Pain Control: Common Factors Underlying Their Effectiveness
Authors: KONGSTVEDT SHERYL J.
Published: December 2011

The author reviews the cognitive approaches to pain control and discusses how expectancy of success in general and self‐efficacy in particular mediate successful outcomes.
Men and Violence
Authors: SCHER MURRAY , STEVENS MARK
Published: December 2011

The authors explore violence in men from cultural, historical, social, and individual perspectives. The many ways in which violence is expressed by men are examined. The remediation of violent behavior through counseling is studied, and a model for understanding that process is indicated. Resources, both organizational and bibliographical, are furnished.

Violence … is as American as cherry pie.

H. Rap Brown

We've got to stop it, it's you and me, oh violence never did make a man.

Geof Morgan
Aftermath of Violence: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Vietnam Veterans
Authors: HAYMAN PETER M. , SOMMERS‐FLANAGAN RITA , PARSONS JOHN P.
Published: December 2011

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently occurs in the aftermath of violence. A comprehensive four‐phase treatment approach for Vietnam veterans with PTSD is presented. Phases in the recovery process are assessment, stabilization of symptoms, working through the trauma, and reintegration into the family and society.
Preventing Violence on College Campuses
Authors: ROARK MARY L.
Published: December 2011

The author examines violence on college campuses by reviewing its types, prevalence, and underlying factors. Institutional responses to prevent campus violence through tertiary, secondary, and primary prevention activities are discussed.
After the Shooting Stops
Authors: COLLISON BROOKE B. , BOWDEN SUE , PATTERSON MARIE , SNYDER JANA , SANDALL STEVE , WELLMAN PATTY
Published: December 2011

Five pupil service personnel in a small, midwestern school system combined their efforts in responding to student, teacher, and parent needs after a 14‐year‐old boy wounded two teachers and a student and killed the principal in a shooting spree. It is suggested that schools develop tactical plans for responding to catastrophic situations.
Some Serious and Some Not So Serious Reactions to AACD and Its Journals
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

Critical self‐evaluation is central to our professional survival and to the survival of our professional association, the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD). Although the association and its journals certainly have their critics, unfortunately very little criticism is published for the benefit of the general membership. The purpose of this article is to elaborate on some serious and not so serious criticisms of AACD, its journals, its leaders, and its members.
Another View of AACD and Its Journals
Authors: HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

In this invited response to Weinrach's article, “Some Serious and Some Not So Serious Reactions to AACD and Its Journals,” it is a bit difficult to know at what level or with what tone one should react. Like any work of comedy or parody, Weinrach's piece is presumably intended to be a caricature of the reality of AACD and its journals as he views them. My problem is that I am not always sure from his analysis which of his comments he intends to be serious and which he does not. One might expect to find, in any caricature, kernels of truth that are exaggerated for effect. In this instance, they are difficult to ferret out.

Although I prefer to simply express another view rather than debate his perspectives point for point, many of the observations that he makes are not supported by my own experience or perceptions. Maybe these are the parts of his paradigm intended not to be serious reactions.
Kate Hevner Mueller: Woman for a Changing World
Authors: COOMES MICHAEL D. , WHITT ELIZABETH J. , KUH GEORGE D.
Published: December 2011

Kate Hevner Mueller was a pioneer, not only in student affairs administration but also in the graduate‐level preparation of student affairs staff and in the education of women for diverse roles in society. At the same time, she was a scholar of many interests, from psychometrics to aesthetic expression, who made a lasting contribution to the knowledge and literature of student affairs. Mueller's personal papers included extensive autobiographical reflections on her life and her experiences as a teacher, researcher, and mentor. These writings, as well as the recollections of her students and colleagues, were fashioned into the “interview” that follows.
A Psychoeducational Group for Adult Children of Alcoholics
Authors: DOWNING NANCY E. , WALKER MARGARET E.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a campus‐based psychoeducational support group for adult children of alcoholics. Group goals are outlined, recruitment procedures identified, and sessions described and evaluated. This successful group format could easily be adapted to other settings and age groups (e.g., high schools, community mental health centers).
The Coping with Stress Model: A Counseling Approach for Families with a Handicapped Child
Authors: ZEITLIN SHIRLEY , WILLIAMSON G. GORDON , ROSENBLATT WILLIAM P.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a cognitive‐behavioral model for coping with stress that counselors can use as the basis for family assessment and personalized intervention. The model, assessment procedures, and appropriate counseling strategies are discussed. Translation of the model into clinical practice is examined with families of handicapped young children. A brief case study is provided to illustrate the model's usefulness for counselors.
Characteristics of the Biopsychosocial Crisis of Infertility
Authors: COOK ELLEN PIEL
Published: December 2011

As many as 5 to 12 million individuals of childbearing age in the United States may now be infertile. For couples who wish to conceive but cannot do so, discovery of physical infertility, coupled with strong expectations about conceiving and raising children, sets the stage for a complex series of reactions labeled here as the crisis of infertility. Infertile couples frequently struggle with strong feelings, ranging from disbelief and denial to isolation, guilt, and grief. Problems coping with infertility are worsened by physical and psychological stresses accompanying medical procedures. The marital relationship may be severely tested as well. For many individuals, the infertility crisis is resolved with virtually no support from anyone. With empathy and understanding, counselors can help infertile individuals to work through this crisis productively.
Family Dynamics and Substance Abuse: A Preliminary Study
Authors: WEST JOHN D. , HOSIE THOMAS W. , ZARSKI JOHN J.
Published: December 2011

The authors discuss family patterns of interaction that are thought to contribute to the maintenance of substance abuse. Preliminary research findings pertaining to the interaction patterns are also presented. The data suggest that these families are often highly interdependent, that in about 50% of the cases they ideally desire some sort of triangulation between parents and offspring, and that in about 50% of the cases they have or are working toward a hierarchical reversal. Therefore, in addition to evaluating characteristics of the substance abuser, the authors recommend that counselors consider the nature of relationships within the client's family of origin.
Responding to Suicide in Schools: A Case Study in Loss Intervention and Group Survivorship
Authors: ZINNER ELLEN S.
Published: December 2011

General strategies for group survivorship intervention are proposed in a case study of an elementary school student's suicide.
Ethical Standards: A Study of Application and Utility
Authors: WILCOXON S. ALLEN
Published: December 2011

Green, S.L., & Hansen, J.C. (1986). Ethical dilemmas in family therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 12, 225–230.
Three Approaches to Research Training in Counseling
Authors: HEPPNER P. PAUL , GELSO CHARLES J. , DOLLIVER ROBERT H.
Published: December 2011

Three approaches to training counseling students in the processes of research and publication are described. The major difference is in the duration, from a span of several years to one semester to a half‐day workshop. Ideas are presented about working productively within each of those time frames.
Negligent Liability and the Foreseeability Factor: A Critical Issue for School Counselors
Authors: HENDERSON DONALD H.
Published: December 2011

Negligent liability suits involving school counselors are not common, but such litigation seems to be increasing. In most of the cases cited, the defendant's alleged negligence emanated from his or her failure to provide reasonable care to individuals who were later injured or killed. Reasonable care is the standard of conduct that a reasonable and prudent person maintains in protecting those to whom he or she owes a duty of care from unreasonable risks. The author emphasizes the role that the element of foreseeability plays in determining the outcome of negligence cases and indicates those areas of responsibility that are most subject to litigation.
Rape Prevention: Experiential Training for Men
Authors: LEE LUCIENNE A.
Published: December 2011

There are an increasing number of programs in which the needs of rape victims are addressed. Unfortunately, less attention has been given to developing proactive programs targeting the potential or actual perpetrator. The author describes an experiential program in which men are educated about rape and are helped to increase their empathic understanding of victims.
The Dynamics of Unemployment
Authors: BORGEN WILLIAM A. , AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The authors outline the results of a descriptive study in which people's experiences of unemployment were investigated. People who had been unemployed for a minimum of 3 months were interviewed. The authors examined the data for patterns of response and compared any patterns found with those suggested in a model developed by Amundson and Borgen (1982). The sample included adult men and women and young people. Analysis of the data indicated three distinct patterns in experiences of unemployment. Twenty‐nine men and women described an experience of unemployment that resembles Amundson and Borgen's roller coaster model. Women who were secondary wage earners constituted a second pattern and the young people in the sample described a third distinct pattern in the experience of unemployment. The results are described in terms of their implications for career and employment counseling and further research studies.
Work, Disability, and the Future: Promoting Employment for People with Disabilities
Authors: ROESSLER RICHARD T.
Published: December 2011

The problems experienced by people with disabilities in seeking work are evident in statistical data on unemployment. Although future economic prospects are brighter, people with disabilities will not have a share of the resulting prosperity unless there are changes in public policies, rehabilitation practices, and employer benefits.
Reference List Inaccuracies: A Four‐Decade Comparison
Authors: WHITE ARDEN
Published: December 2011

Errors in the reference lists of journal articles have been reported in studies conducted on journals issued in the 1970s and 1980s. On the average, faults and errors were found to occur in about 40% of the entries. The Personnel and Guidance Journal and a journal related to information science were the data sources for a four‐decade study. Results indicated that error rates were lower in the mid‐1950s in this sample but were very similar in the last three decades and similar to rates found in other studies. One or more errors occurred in about 40 to 45 of any 100 entries sampled from reference lists. Implications are explored.
Innovations in Ecological Psychology: Conversations with Roger and Louise Barker
Authors: ORZEK ANN M.
Published: December 2011

This conversation with Roger and Louise Barker traces their work together at the Midwest Psychological Field Station in Oskaloosa, Kansas, as well as the early influences on the life of Roger Barker. Practical implications for their work in education and counseling are also discussed.
Battered Women: A Developmental Life‐Career Counseling Perspective
Authors: IBRAHIM FARAH A. , HERR EDWIN L.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a career counseling strategy based on specific psychosocial characteristics of battered women. The approach is developmental in nature, focusing on the client's self‐concept. A group format based on a pilot intervention is proposed to assist battered women in developing appropriate life and career decision‐making skills.
Career Decision‐Making Models: Espoused Theory Versus Theory‐in‐Use
Authors: O'HARE MARIANNE M.
Published: December 2011

The author examines the limitations of career decision‐making models from a theory‐in‐action perspective (Argyris, 1976). Research implications are discussed.
Counseling Mexican Americans: A Multimodal Approach
Authors: PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G.
Published: December 2011

The author describes a culturally sensitive and relevant therapeutic framework for nonminority and minority counselors working with clients of Mexican‐American heritage. Lazarus's multimodal approach provides the basis for this framework. Prior to the presentation of the framework, the current status of Mexican‐American mental health service delivery and use is examined.
Nevitt Sanford: Gentle Prophet, Jeffersonian Rebel
Authors: CANON HARRY J.
Published: December 2011

Nevitt Sanford reminisces about his development as a social scientist, civil libertarian, and humanist through interview and personal papers.
Use of Student Paraprofessionals in Divisions of College Student Affairs
Authors: WINSTON ROGER B. , ENDER STEVEN C.
Published: December 2011

A stratified random sample of college student affairs divisions was surveyed to assess the depth and breadth of student paraprofessional use. More than 72% of the responding institutions reported having one or more student paraprofessional programs.
Confidentiality Limits with Clients Who Have the AIDS Virus
Authors: GRAY LIZBETH A. , HARDING ANNA K.
Published: December 2011

Limits of confidentiality have not been defined for the life‐threatening dilemma of a client who has the AIDS virus and who continues to be sexually active without informing her or his partners. The authors review the medical background of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, legal limits, and ethical tenets of confidentiality. A position supporting breach of confidentiality is taken, and specific suggestions for counseling the client are offered.
An Ecological Diagnostic Classification Plan
Authors: HURST JAMES C. , McKINLEY DONNA L.
Published: December 2011

Diagnostic classification systems have proven useful to counseling professionals in many ways. The authors describe the Ecological Diagnostic Classification Plan, an approach to diagnosis that includes the environment as a possible cause of pathology and target of intervention.
Simulating Culture Shock in Counselor Trainees: An Experiential Exercise for Cross‐Cultural Training
Authors: MERTA ROD J. , STRINGHAM EDWARD M. , PONTEROTTO JOSEPH G.
Published: December 2011

The authors describe a bipartite learning exercise designed to increase counselor trainees' sensitivity to cultural differences. The exercise emphasizes extending traditional, cognitive‐focused multicultural training to include actual interactions with culturally diverse persons. A 2‐ month follow‐up evaluation indicated that trainees viewed the learning exercise as valuable. Suggestions are made for infusing similar experientially based exercises into diverse counseling courses.
Using Family Sculpting and Choreography in a Student Growth Group
Authors: LAWSON DAVID M.
Published: December 2011

The author discusses the use of family sculpting and choreography in helping a group of university students to achieve a healthy emotional and psychological separation from their families of origin. A case example is presented, along with suggestions for future groups using a similar focus and format.
Impairment: Implications for the Counseling Profession
Authors: STADLER HOLLY A. , WILLING KAREN L. , EBERHAGE MARK G. , WARD WESLEY H.
Published: December 2011

The issue of impairment has not been adequately addressed in the professional counseling literature. The authors explore the issue of impairment in the counseling profession, drawing from the literatures of medicine and psychology in discussing the prevalence of impairment, several views of the topic, responses to the problem, and related ethical considerations. Recommendations for the analysis and resolution of impairment issues in counseling are presented.
Black Battered Women: A Review of Empirical Literature
Authors: COLEY SORAYA M. , BECKETT JOYCE O.
Published: December 2011

The authors review and discuss five areas of the empirical research on Black battered women: incidence, social support networks, psychological profile, responses to battering, and use of services. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Problems in Families with Gifted Children: Implications for Counselors
Authors: McMANN NEAL , OLIVER RONALD
Published: December 2011

The authors consider, through a review of relevant literature and personal observation, the larger context of the family life of gifted children. The purpose is to identify possible problem areas for the counselor to assess and to suggest directions that the counseling process might take.
Guided Autobiography: A Counseling Tool for Older Adults
Authors: MALDE SUSAN
Published: December 2011

The author describes Guided Autobiography, a course based on the life review concept, and evaluates its impact on self‐concept, time competence, and purpose in life. Despite a lack of significant results on the dependent measures, informal evaluations and a follow‐up study indicated that the course had resulted in some positive changes.
Ordinary Explanations and Career Theories
Authors: YOUNG RICHARD A.
Published: December 2011

The author highlights the relatively unexplored relationship between ordinary language explanations of career behavior and formal theories of career development. As in Gergen and Gergen's (1982) framework, several ordinary explanations of career behavior are classified along two dimensions—the extent to which explanations are founded in the person or the situation and the extent to which they account for predictability and control or chance and change. The value of the framework for both theory development and practice is outlined. The use of ordinary explanations addresses a number of issues faced by counselors as they move between their clients' explanations and formal career and counseling theories.
Evaluating Self‐Concept and Ego Development Within Erikson's Psychosocial Framework: A Formulation
Authors: HAMACHEK DON E.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to suggest criteria developed within the context of Erikson's first five psychosocial stages that may be helpful in evaluating self‐concept and ego development. The strength of Erikson's theory has been in its contribution to the understanding of the self's development over a series of psychosocial stages. A weakness, however, has been in the ambiguity about what behaviors to look for during any particular stage that allow one to evaluate the status of a person's psychological growth. To assess areas of strengths and weaknesses in the self's growth as it progresses through these stages, five behavioral expressions tables are presented, each illustrating possible behaviors and implicit attitudes associated with positive and negative ego resolutions at each stage. Implications for the evaluation of problem areas and counseling are noted.
Counseling Child Sexual Abuse Victims: Myths and Realities
Authors: ENGLAND LYNN W. , THOMPSON CHARLES L.
Published: December 2011

The goal of the authors is to (a) create an awareness among counselors about the nature and prevalence of child sexual abuse, (b) examine myths and realities about the topic, and (c) present recommendations for interviewing suspected victims of child sexual abuse.
Counseling and Human Resource Development: Response to “Career Development in Business and Industry”
Authors: SMITH ROBERT L.
Published: December 2011

The author responds to an article by Dorn (1986) on career development in business and industry. Clarification regarding definition, job titles, job roles, and points of entry for behavioral science professionals is provided. Emphasis is placed on human resource development rather than the more generic use of counseling or career development in business and industry.
Depressive Thought Content Among Female College Students With Bulimia
Authors: BROUWERS MARIETTE
Published: December 2011

The author used a rationalistic cognitive approach to identify typical thought content among female college students with bulimia. The study compared overall depression scores on the Beck Depression Inventoy between women with bulimia and women in a control group and examined differences in specific depression items. Results indicated that women with bulimia are more depressed than are controls and have distorted thoughts regarding body image, self‐blame, somatic preoccupation, guilt, and suicidal ideation. By emphasizing competition, perfection, motivation, and attractiveness, the college environment may exacerbate distorted thinking, thus indirectly contributing to the development and maintenance of bulimia. A treatment approach focusing on cognition is proposed.
Results and Possible Implications of the National Board for Certified Counselors Examination
Authors: LOESCH LARRY C. , VACC NICHOLAS A.
Published: December 2011

The National Board for Certified Counselors' (NBCC) National Counselor Examination (NCE) has become important in the counseling profession because of its critical role in NBCC's counselor certification process and its increasing use as a state counselor licensure examination. This importance exists in part because implications about and for the counseling profession can be drawn from results of NCE administrations. Data from the six previously administered minimum‐criterion score forms of the NCE and some possible implications of those data are presented in this article.
The Afghan Refugee Client
Authors: FIRLING KENNETH
Published: December 2011

With the advent of political turmoil in Afghanistan, increasing numbers of Afghan refugee families have been coming to the United States. Both the children and the adults perceive school as the primary resource for their successful transition into U.S. society. The school counselor is in a position to guide Afghan clients by providing them with necessary educational and career information. The historical isolation of Afghanistan and its remote location geographically make this rich and ancient culture unknown to many Americans. This culture has certain significant and unique characteristics that affect the way in which Afghans may adjust. The author describes aspects of the Afghan culture most relevant to counseling the Afghan refugee family or individual.
Details of the 1988 AACD Ethical Standards
Authors: ALLEN VIRGINIA B. , SAMPSON JAMES P. , HERLIHY BARBARA
Published: December 2011

The newest revisions of the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) Ethical Standards are discussed, section by section.
Personal Versus Vocational Focus in Career Counseling: A Retrospective Outcome Study
Authors: PHILLIPS SUSAN D. , FRIEDLANDER MYRNA L. , KOST PETER P. , SPECTERMAN RANDY V. , ROBBINS ERICA S.
Published: December 2011

In this archival study the authors sought to determine the relationship, if any, between counseling outcomes and the topical focus in career counseling. Twenty‐two counselors saw 46 adult clients at a community‐based clinic for an average of eight sessions. Counseling outcome and topical focus (the extent to which the actual content of counseling sessions reflected relatively more vocationally or personally focused topics) were assessed from follow‐up questionnaires to former career clients and from trained raters' evaluations of the counselors' written progress notes. Results showed that, from the counselors' perspective, outcomes were better when the focus of the sessions was relatively more vocational than personal and when relatively more interviews were held. Client satisfaction, on the other hand, was predictable only from the counselor's level of experience. Satisfaction with occupational status was not associated with any of the client, counselor, or treatment factors. Discussion focuses on the contribution of the results to career counseling practice and on the feasibility and validity of retrospective, archival research.
Norm‐Referenced Testing and Low‐Income Blacks
Authors: CASTENELL LOUIS A. , CASTENELL MAE E.
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this article is to highlight biases, that is, learning styles and test bias, involved in testing low‐income Blacks with norm‐referenced, achievement tests and to offer suggestions to assist counselors in improving their students' test performance.
How Clients Are Harmed by Sexual Contact with Mental Health Professionals: The Syndrome and Its Prevalence
Authors: POPE KENNETH S.
Published: December 2011

Research concerning the prevalence, varieties, contributing factors, and harmful consequences of sexual intimacies with clients (occurring either prior to or subsequent to termination) is reviewed. The sequelae of therapist‐client sex may form a distinct syndrome, with similarities to Rape Response Syndrome, Battered Spouse Syndrome, reaction to incest, response to child abuse, and Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder. Aspects of Therapist‐Patient Sex Syndrome include: (a) ambivalence, (b) a sense of guilt, (c) feelings of emptiness and isolation, (d) sexual confusion, (e) impaired ability to trust, (f) identity, boundary, and role confusion, (g) emotional lability (frequently involving severe depression and acute anxiety), (k) suppressed rage, (i) increased suicidal risk, and (j) cognitive dysfunction (especially in the areas of attention and concentration, frequently involving flashbacks, nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and unbidden images).
Assessment and Development of Rehabilitation Plans for Counselors Who Have Sexually Exploited Their Clients
Authors: SCHOENER GARY RICHARD , GONSIOREK JOHN
Published: December 2011

Counselors who have sexually exploited clients require rehabilitation if they are to return to practice. The authors present a model, derived from their clinical experience with more than 1,000 cases, for the assessment and development of rehabilitation plans for impaired practitioners who have sexual contact with their clients. They present a classification system for the perpetrator, an assessment process that leads to the development of a rehabilitation plan, and a method for deciding if rehabilitation has been successful.
Counselor‐Client Sexual Contact: Implications for Ethics Training
Authors: VASQUEZ MELBA J.T.
Published: December 2011

Most programs spend little or no time addressing the prohibition against sexual contact with clients, yet it is the most commonly violated of the ethical principles. This article provides a brief overview of models of ethics training and addresses specific strategies for preventing counselor‐client sexual contact. These strategies include knowledge, activities that promote self‐awareness, and provision of a climate that enhances the development of moral values and behavior. The responsibilities of training programs are addressed, including the provision of clear statements of the rights and responsibilities of trainees and of a due process and grievance procedure for review of impaired or problematic trainees.
Voluntary Euthanasia and the Right to Die: A Dialogue with Derek Humphry
Authors: SINNETT E. ROBERT , GOODYEAR RODNEY K. , HANNEMANN VALARIE
Published: December 2011

Both the terminally ill and those responsible for their care may experience conflict and limited freedom of choice with respect to the right to die. Derek Humphry, founder of the Hemlock Society, shares his personal experience, as well as his efforts to educate the public and stimulate legal reform. He has dedicated more than a decade of prime professional years to this highly charged universal problem.
Roles of Counseling in Enabling Persons With Disabilities
Authors: HUMES CHARLES W. , SZYMANSKI EDNA MORA , HOHENSHIL THOMAS H.
Published: December 2011

The role of counseling in enabling students with disabilities has changed over the past 10 years. Other personnel in school settings now counsel students with disabilities, in addition to school and rehabilitation counselors. Evidence to support these contentions is described through a national survey. The specific roles of other counseling‐related personnel are noted, and the primacy of transition issues is highlighted. Finally, there are implications for implementation of a collaborative consultation model in special education.
Extending Psychotherapeutic Strategies to People With Disabilities
Authors: McDOWELL WILLIAM A. , BILLS GEORGE F. , EATON MARC W.
Published: December 2011

In the last decade mind‐body strategies have evolved to extend possible counseling approaches to persons with disabilities. Using Beatrice A. Wright's principles of attention to individual needs, respect for situational complexities, and flexibility, the authors reflect on the work of Milton H. Erickson, from which modern mind‐body counseling interventions can be traced. Included are strategies to develop rapport, the therapeutic use of imagery, reframing and other paradoxical techniques, and the use of metaphor in counseling with people with disabilities.
Attachment: Implications for Counselors
Authors: PISTOLE M. CAROLE
Published: December 2011

This article discusses how attachment theory can be a useful strategy for producing therapeutic change and more productive client functioning. It also addresses the basic concepts of attachment theory and the parallels between counseling and attachment. A case example is provided to focus, integrate, and elaborate the elements presented.
The Dual Career Couple: Concerns, Benefits, and Counseling Implications
Authors: WILCOX‐MATTHEW LORI , MINOR CAROLE W.
Published: December 2011

A comprehensive conceptualization of concerns and benefits experienced by dual career couples is presented. Counseling implications are provided to address the concerns. Counselors are asked to expand their roles to help couples challenge unquestioned societal values and practices and uniquely define their own standards for success in career and family roles.
Integrating Milton H. Erickson's Hypnotherapeutic Techniques Into General Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: OTANI AKIRA
Published: December 2011

Milton H. Erickson's approach to clinical hypnosis has recently attracted the attention of many professional counselors. Although traditional hypnotherapy presumes the induction and utilization of trance, some of Erickson's hypnotherapeutic principles can be easily translated into the general framework of counseling. This article examines several basic techniques of Erickson that are applicable to four aspects of counseling: (a) rapport building, (b) problem assessment, (c) resistance management, and (d) behavior change. Clinical examples and discussion are provided for illustration.
An Investigation Into the Cognitive Functioning of Bulimic Women
Authors: ETRINGER BRUCE D. , ALTMAIER ELIZABETH M. , BOWERS WAYNE
Published: December 2011

The present study examined differences in selected areas of cognitive functioning of 18 bulimic and 23 nonbulimic women. The participants were compared on variables related to cognitive and behavioral coping and self‐efficacy. Our results indicated differences between bulimic and nonbulimic women on all measures. Bulimic women demonstrated higher levels of dietary restraint; lower self‐appraised problem‐solving ability; lower sense of personal efficacy with regard to successful performance in a variety of life tasks; and a tendency to attribute positive events to external, global, and unstable factors. The results are discussed in the context of previous research and also present implications for practicing counselors.
Beyond Regret
Authors: BULLOCK ROCHELLE MANOR
Published: December 2011

Personally Speaking provides a forum for readers to describe important issues or events in their lives and the role, if any, counseling has played. Guidelines for submitting manuscripts may be obtained from Stephen G. Weinrach, 303 Falvey Hall, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085–1699.
Bulimic Beliefs: Food for Thought
Authors: BAUER BARBARA G. , ANDERSON WAYNE P.
Published: December 2011

Individuals suffering from bulimia nervosa share a characteristic pattern of thinking which needs to be understood if effective treatment is to take place. This article presents these beliefs, gathered by clinical experience and a review of the literature, in a format which describes each belief, discusses the common causes for its development, and suggests therapeutic interventions.
A Counseling Practitioner's Primer to the Use of Multidimensional Scaling
Authors: BUSER SAMUEL JACKSON
Published: December 2011

Applications of multidimensional scaling (MDS) to counseling practice are discussed, and the author's use of MDS as a tool in a counseling training group is described.
Root Metaphor Theory: A Philosophical Framework for Counseling and Psychotherapy
Authors: LYDDON WILLIAM J.
Published: December 2011

By exploring alternative worldviews or philosophical frames of reference, counselors can look beyond their own encapsulated images of reality and examine different assumptions concerning the nature of psychological phenomena and the process of change. The present article offers an overview of the root metaphors and philosophical assumptions associated with formism, mechanism, contextualism, and organicism—the four worldviews described in Pepper's (1942) philosophical treatise and his presentation of root metaphor theory. Recent and historical trends of development in counseling theory and practice are examined within the context of Pepper's metaphilosophical system.
Counseling Persons with a Fear of AIDS
Authors: BRUHN JOHN G.
Published: December 2011

The increasing incidence of AIDS has created a societal fear of AIDS that, in turn, has raised the level of fear and anxiety in individuals prone to fear responses. Fears accentuated by AIDS are discussed and guidelines for counseling offered.
Client Resistance in Counseling: Its Theoretical Rationale and Taxonomic Classification
Authors: OTANI AKIRA
Published: December 2011

Client resistance is a familiar and consequential phenomenon to professional counselors. This article reviews three theoretical models of resistance in counseling: anxiety control, noncompliance, and negative social influence. Twenty‐two commonly observed client resistance behaviors are described in four separate categories. The four categories are (a) response quantity resistance, (b) response content resistance, (c) response style resistance, and (d) logistic management resistance. The list is an initial attempt to classify client resistance according to the verbal and behavioral attributes.