bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generational Change? The Effects of Family, Age, and Time on Moral Foundations
Authors: Friesen Amanda
Published: June 2019

One way to uncover the persistent role of religion across generations is to look past traditional understandings of religious belief and denominational belonging and examine the presence of bedrock principles that could influence political beliefs in families. The Moral Foundations framework was developed for this purpose – to describe human behavior and attitudes in the moral realm without relying upon country, culture, or time specific labels. In an original and rare three-generation dataset, college students, their parents, and their grandparents were asked about political attitudes and preferences for the Moral Foundations of Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. The Foundations are not equally shared across generations as preferences for each Foundation increase with the age of the cohorts in this sample, with especially large differences on Authority and Purity. A follow-up survey reveals that Moral Foundations may not be stable across even short periods of time. These findings suggest that the political appeals that may work on older Americans may be less effective on the younger generations. If individuals indeed make moral decisions based on these types of bedrock principles, understanding which of these principles or Foundations drive particular age groups can help us better understand shifts in public opinion.
Exploring the role of humor in the management of existential anxiety
Authors: Morgan Jessica , Smith Rebecca , Singh Amrik
Published: June 2019

The current study addressed a topic that has both theoretical and applied importance, by examining the potential existential anxiety-buffering function of humor. Participants (N = 556; 55% female; M age = 37 years) completed a measure of trait coping humor before being randomly assigned to a mortality salience condition and a humor induction condition and then completing a measure of death-thought accessibility. ANOVA revealed main effects of trait coping humor, mortality salience and humor induction on death-thought accessibility in the expected directions. Coping humor interacted with mortality salience (F(1,439) = 14.47, p < 0.01) showing that low coping humor participants were more affected by the mortality salience manipulation. Coping humor also interacted with humor induction (F(1,439) = 8.94, p < 0.01) showing that low coping humor participants were more affected by the humor induction. Findings suggests that whilst trait coping humor appears to buffer the effects of mortality salience, those low in trait coping humor may benefit the most from interventions aimed at reducing existential anxiety via humor. The apparent beneficial effect of humor induction for individuals low in coping humor holds a promise of advancing our understanding of existential threat and, ultimately, providing a basis for interventions to improve mental health.
Comic styles and their relation to the sense of humor, humor appreciation, acceptability of prejudice, humorous self-image and happiness
Authors: Mendiburo-Seguel Andrés , Heintz Sonja
Published: June 2019

The present study investigates the relationships of eight comic styles (fun, benevolent humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism) with acceptability of prejudice (laughing at different groups and topics), humorous self-image (funniness and frequency of laughter), humor appreciation (funniness and aversiveness of cartoons with different structures and contents), and happiness. A representative Chilean adult sample (N=857, 60.8% women; age M=40.50, SD=17.28) was recruited in face-to-face interviews and online surveys. They completed self-reports of all variables as well as a humor appreciation test. Most of the comic styles related to finding the cartoons funnier. Furthermore, the darker styles were more strongly related to laughing at a variety of topics and groups. Also, happiness was positively related to fun and benevolent humor and negatively to cynicism. This study provides evidence of the criterion validity of the Comic Style Markers in Latin-American cultures and highlights differences between lighter and darker styles.
Review: Seafood Allergy and Potential Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure to Reduce Seafood Allergenicity
Authors: Zhang Yifeng , Ren Yuanyuan , Bi Yuge , Wang Qi , Cheng Ka-Wing , Chen Feng
Published: June 2019

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), a novel non-thermal processing technology, can inactivate microorganisms in food with ultra-high pressure over 100 MPa. In recent years, it has shown unique potential in alleviating seafood allergenicity. Seafood, as a primary high-quality protein source, is one of popular food products in many human populations, while seafood allergy remains an obstacle to the consumption of seafood and calls for processing raw materials to reduce their allergenicity. Heating and fermentation as conventional methods, along with HHP as a rising novel technology, have been applied in seafood processing, such as shrimp and squid. This review provides a brief introduction of current key publications and limitations of researches on seafood allergy. In addition, characteristics and principles, processing parameters and effects of HHP treatment on seafood of current researches were detailed. Our main goal was to support readers to keep abreast with knowledge on seafood allergy and provide new insights of using HHP for seafood processing to achieve lower allergenicity.
A note on Frobenius–Wielandt groups
Authors: Kaplan Gil
Published: June 2019

Let G be a finite group.
G is called a Frobenius–Wielandt group if there exists

H
<
G

{H<G}

such that

U
=

〈

H
∩

H
g

∣

g
∈

G
-
H

〉

{U=\langle H\cap H^{g}\mid g\in G-H\rangle}

is a proper subgroup of H.
The Wielandt theorem
[H. Wielandt,
Über die Existenz von Normalteilern in endlichen Gruppen,
Math. Nachr. 18 1958, 274–280;
Mathematische Werke Vol. 1, 769–775]
on the structure of G generalizes the celebrated Frobenius theorem.
From a permutation group point of view, considering the action of G on the coset space

G
/
H

{G/H}

, it states in particular that the subgroup

D
=

D
G

⁢

(
H
)

{D=D_{G}(H)}

generated by all derangements (fixed-point-free elements) is a proper subgroup of G.
Let

W
=

U
G

{W=U^{G}}

, the normal closure of U in G.
Then W is the subgroup generated by all elements fixing at least two points.
We present the proof of the Wielandt theorem in a new way (Theorem 1.6, Corollary 1.7, Theorem 1.8) such that the unique component whose proof is not elementary or by the Frobenius theorem is the equality

W
∩
H

=
U

{W\cap H=U}

.
This presentation shows what can be achieved by elementary arguments and how Frobenius groups are involved in one case of Frobenius–Wielandt groups.
To be more precise, Theorem 1.6 shows that there are two possible cases for a Frobenius–Wielandt group G with

H
<
G

{H<G}

:
(a)

W
=
D

{W=D}

and

G
=

H
⁢
W

{G=HW}

, or
(b)

W
<
D

{W<D}

and

H
⁢
W

<
G

{HW<G}

.
In the latter case,

G
/
W

{G/W}

is a Frobenius group with a Frobenius complement

H
⁢
W

/
W

{HW/W}

and Frobenius kernel

D
/
W

{D/W}

.
A flux-corrected RBF-FD method for convection dominated problems in domains and on manifolds
Authors: Sokolov Andriy , Davydov Oleg , Kuzmin Dmitri , Westermann Alexander , Turek Stefan
Published: June 2019

In this work, we present a Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) algorithm for enforcing discrete maximum principles in Radial Basis Function (RBF) generalized Finite Difference (FD) methods for convection-dominated problems. The algorithm is constructed to guarantee mass conservation and to preserve positivity of the solution for irregular data nodes. The method can be applied both for problems defined in a domain or if equipped with level set techniques, on a stationary manifold. We demonstrate the numerical behavior of the method by performing numerical tests for the solid-body rotation benchmark in a unit square and for a transport problem along a curve implicitly prescribed by a level set function. Extension of the proposed method to higher dimensions is straightforward and easily realizable.
Diagnosis of cyclic Cushing’s disease manifests as early morning hyperglycemia in a patient with previously well-controlled type 1 diabetes
Authors: Singer-Granick Carol , Liu James K. , Bleich David , Cespedes Lissette
Published: June 2019

Background

Cyclic Cushing’s disease (CCD) is reported to occur in approximately 15% of patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). CCD is a rare phenomenon in children.

Case presentation

A Portuguese female with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (T1DM) on an insulin pump developed transient uncontrolled blood sugar every morning. Increased basal and bolus insulin dosing was ineffective in lowering blood sugar and she began to miss school because of nausea, vomiting, fatigue, but no ketoacidosis. Therefore, other causes of sporadic hyperglycemia were explored. Multiple 6-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) samples revealed a spike in cortisol coincident with severe hyperglycemia. Pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 3.5 mm microadenoma and inferior petrosal sinus sampling of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) after corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation confirmed ACTH-dependent CD. Endoscopic endonasal tumor resection led to resolution of early morning hyperglycemia and symptoms.

Discussion

Our case illustrates an atypical presentation of CCD. There are no previous case reports of a pediatric patient with T1DM and CCD. Unexplained hyperglycemia in a patient with previous well-controlled T1DM should prompt assessment of other causes. CCD can be easily be missed if timed 6-h UFC measurements are not obtained.
Natural Convection Flow of Power-Law Fluids over a Heated Horizontal Plate Surface
Authors: Dholey Shibdas
Published: June 2019

The current work attempts to investigate the existence of similarity solution for the natural convection boundary layer flow of a power-law fluid over a heated horizontal semi-infinite plate surface. Three types of surface temperature variation are considered, namely (i) constant surface temperature (CST), (ii) power-law variation of surface temperature (PST) and (iii) power-law variation of surface heat flux (PHF). A reduction of the governing partial differential equations is achieved by using a suitable similarity transformation. But, a careful mathematical verification confirms that the similarity solution does not exist in the CST case and for the PST case it exists only under a particular value of the wall temperature parameter r = 1/3. It also ensured the existence of similarity solution for the PHF case and this will happen only when the plate surface is held at a constant heat flux situation. A new fundamental parameter S arises from the dimensionless analysis which is reduced to the reciprocal of the usual Prandtl number Pr for Newtonian fluids. A novel result of this analysis is that the salient features of the Grashof number Gr which differentiates the thermal responses of the shear-thinning fluid (0 < n < 1) flows from the shear-thickening fluid (n > 1) flows while the Newtonian fluid (n = 1) flows remain unaffected by this parameter no matter what be the value of S.
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in parathyroid tumors
Authors: Pan Boju , Wang Anqi , Pang Junyi , Zhang Yuhan , Cui Ming , Sun Jian , Liang Zhiyong
Published: June 2019

Introduction

PD-L1 is associated with prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in patients with malignancies. In previous studies, PD-L1 expression was detected in many endocrine tumors. However, the PD-L1 expression status in parathyroid tumors is unknown.

Methods

We included 26 parathyroid carcinoma and 37 adenoma samples, as well as the corresponding patient information. PD-L1 was stained using the FDA-approved PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx and Ventana PD-L1 (SP263) assays, and staining was assessed by the estimated percentages of positive tumor cells and immune cells, respectively.

Results

We classified the PD-L1 expression in the parathyroid tumors into four groups: (0) <1%, (1) 1–4%, (2) 5–9% and (3) ≥10% positive. With the SP263 clone, 37 (carcinoma:adenoma = 18:19) samples scored 0, 13 (carcinoma:adenoma = 4:9) scored 1, 7 (carcinoma:adenoma = 1:6) scored 2 and 6 (carcinoma:adenoma = 3:3) scored 3. However, in the series of cases using the 22C3 clone, 45 (carcinoma:adenoma = 20:25) samples scored 0, 10 (carcinoma: adenoma = 3:7) scored 1, 5 (carcinoma:adenoma = 1:4) scored 2, and 3 (carcinoma:adenoma = 2:1) scored 3. Concerning tumor-infiltrating immune cells, 57 samples were negative and six were positive with SP263, and 59 were negative and four were positive with 22C3. Moreover, PD-L1 expression was negatively correlated with the Ki-67 index and mitotic rate in parathyroid tumors depending on the different clones. However, the results indicated only moderate consistency between the SP263 and 22C3 clones in parathyroid tumors.

Conclusion

We found deficient PD-L1 expression in the majority of parathyroid tumors. However, the PD-L1 expression score in parathyroid tumors depended greatly on the antibody clone used.
Radiological differentiation of phaeochromocytoma from other malignant adrenal masses: importance of wash-in characteristics on multiphase CECT
Authors: Goroshi Manjunath , Jadhav Swati S , Sarathi Vijaya , Lila Anurag R , Patil Virendra A , Shah Ravikumar , Hira Priya , Sharma Rajaram , Goroshi Shettepppa , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Rojekar Amey , Dalvi Abhay , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Shah Nalini S , Bandgar Tushar R
Published: June 2019

Rationale and introduction

To evaluate the computerised tomography (CT) characteristics of phaeochromocytoma (PCC) that differentiate them from other non-benign adrenal masses such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) and adrenal metastases (AM).

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute from Western India. Patients presented between January 2013 and August 2016 with histological diagnosis of PCC or other non-benign adrenal mass having adequate reviewable imaging data comprising all four CECT phases were included.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 72 adrenal masses from 66 patients (33 PCC, 22 ACC, 4 PAL, 13 AM). Unlike other masses, majority of PCC (25/33) showed peak enhancement in early arterial phase (EAP). PCC had significantly higher attenuation in EAP and early venous phase (EVP), and higher calculated percentage arterial enhancement (PAE) and percentage venous enhancement (PVE) than other adrenal masses (P < 0.001). For diagnosis of PCC with 100% specificity, PAE value ≥100% and EAP attenuation ≥100 HU had 78.8 and 63.6% sensitivity respectively. ACC were significantly larger in size as compared to PCC and metastasis. The adreniform shape was exclusively found in PAL (two out of four) and AM (4 out of 13). None of the enhancement, wash-in or washout characteristics were discriminatory among ACC, PAL and AM.

Conclusion

Peak enhancement in EAP, PAE value ≥100% and EAP attenuation ≥100 HU differentiate PCC from other malignant adrenal masses with high specificity.
Relationship between BRAF V600E and clinical features in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yan Changjiao , Huang Meiling , Li Xin , Wang Ting , Ling Rui
Published: June 2019

Objective

To investigate the mutant status of BRAF gene and analyze its relationship to epidemiological risk factors and clinical outcomes among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the largest, single-institution Chinese cohort to date.

Methods

The medical records of 2048 PTC patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. Single-factor and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors for BRAF V600E mutation. Survival outcomes including distant metastatic and persistent or recurrent PTC were examined, with a mean follow-up time of 23.4 (5–47) months.

Results

The BRAF V600E mutation was present in 83.7% of patients (1715 of 2048). Correlation was found between BRAF V600E mutation and several epidemiological features, including age, concomitant hypertension and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). For the clinicopathological features, BRAF V600E was significantly associated with bilateral multifocality (odds ratio (OR) 1.233, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.063–1.431, P < 0.01) and less lateral lymph node metastases (OR 0.496, 95% CI 0.357–0.689, P < 0.01). Smaller tumor size and advanced disease stage were significant in single-factor analyses but became insignificant after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between BRAF V600E mutation and extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastatic and disease persistence or recurrence.

Conclusion

Part of epidemiological features are independent risk or protective factors for BRAF V600E mutation. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation is not an aggressive prognosis on poor clinical outcomes in PTC. However, the high prevalence of BRAF V600E may provide guidance for surgery strategy and opportunity for targeted treatment in recurrent and advanced stage disease.
Time-trend and recurrence analysis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Kim Hanbaro , Song Ki Byung , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Alshammary Shadi , Kim Song Cheol
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the evolving trends in clinicopathological features of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and to analyze the predictors of recurrence after curative resection. Data collected retrospectively from a single center between January 1990 and December 2017 were analyzed. Patients were categorized chronologically into three groups for evolving time-trend analysis. Overall, 542 patients (300 female, 55.4%) underwent surgical resection for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, including 435 (80.3%) with non-functional tumors. Time-trend analysis revealed that the surgically resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor number increased consistently; however, the incidental non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor number also increased over time (P < 0.001). The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 86.4 and 81.3%, respectively. The overall recurrence rate was 13.7%, and the most common site of recurrence was the liver. The median time to recurrence after primary surgery was 19.0 (range 0.8–236.3) months, and the median survival time after recurrence was 22.6 (range 0.4–126.9) months. On multivariate analysis, grade G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (hazard ratio 4.51; P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio 2.46; P = 0.009), lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio 3.62; P = 0.004), perineural invasion (hazard ratio 2.61; P = 0.004) and resection margin (hazard ratio 4.20; P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival. The surgically resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor number increased over time mainly because of an increase in incidentally discovered non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Grade G3 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion and a positive resection margin were significant predictors of worse disease-free survival in patients with surgically resected pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Endothelial adenosine kinase deficiency ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance
Authors: Xu Jiean , Yang Qiuhua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Zhiping , Cao Yapeng , Wang Lina , Zhou Yaqi , Zeng Xianqiu , Ma Qian , Xu Yiming , Wang Yong , Huang Lei , Han Zhen , Wang Tao , Stepp David , Bagi Zsolt , Wu Chaodong , Hong Mei , Huo Yuqing
Published: June 2019

Insulin resistance-related disorders are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has suggested a role for adenosine signaling in the regulation of endothelial function. Here, we identified a crucial role of endothelial adenosine kinase (ADK) in the regulation of insulin resistance. Feeding mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) markedly enhanced the expression of endothelial Adk. Ablation of endothelial Adk in HFD-fed mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic steatosis, adipose inflammation and adiposity, which were associated with improved arteriole vasodilation, decreased inflammation and increased adipose angiogenesis. Mechanistically, ADK inhibition or knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) elevated intracellular adenosine level and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) activity, resulting in an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Antagonism of adenosine receptor A2b abolished ADK-knockdown-enhanced NOS3 expression in HUVECs. Additionally, increased phosphorylation of NOS3 in ADK-knockdown HUVECs was regulated by an adenosine receptor-independent mechanism. These data suggest that Adk-deficiency-elevated intracellular adenosine in endothelial cells ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, and this is associated with an enhancement of NO production caused by increased NOS3 expression and activation. Therefore, ADK is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders associated with insulin resistance.
Restoration of Proteostasis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Reverses an Inflammation-Like Response to Cytoplasmic DNA inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Williams Ashley B , Heider Felix , Messling Jan-Erik , Rieckher Matthias , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumacher Björn
Published: June 2019

Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a rudimentary innate immune response that serves as a model for various aspects of the human innate immune response. To date, a nematode response to pathogenic cytoplasmic DNA has not been identified...

Innate immune responses protect organisms against various insults, but may lead to tissue damage when aberrantly activated. In higher organisms, cytoplasmic DNA can trigger inflammatory responses that can lead to tissue degeneration. Simpler metazoan models could shed new mechanistic light on how inflammatory responses to cytoplasmic DNA lead to pathologies. Here, we show that in a DNase II-defective Caenorhabditis elegans strain, persistent cytoplasmic DNA leads to systemic tissue degeneration and loss of tissue functionality due to impaired proteostasis. These pathological outcomes can be therapeutically alleviated by restoring protein homeostasis, either via ectopic induction of the ER unfolded protein response or N-acetylglucosamine treatment. Our results establish C. elegans as an ancestral metazoan model for studying the outcomes of inflammation-like conditions caused by persistent cytoplasmic DNA and provide insight into potential therapies for human conditions involving chronic inflammation.
Revisión bibliográfica: Efectos del ejercicio en la presión intraocular
Authors: Alemán Ramírez Carolina
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La relación entre la presión intraocular (PIO) y el ejercicio agudo se ha venido estudiando en los últimos años. Se ha encontrado que el ejercicio agudo tiene un efecto positivo en la PIO; sin embargo, el ejercicio aeróbico y el ejercicio contra resistencia presentan resultados diferentes. En cuanto al ejercicio aeróbico agudo, brinda un efecto positivo en la PIO, ya que esta disminuye. Mientras que el ejercicio contra resistencia presenta una variabilidad en los resultados obtenidos de acuerdo con las investigaciones consultadas.

Propósito: Mostrar los resultados obtenidos de las investigaciones relacionadas con el ejercicio aeróbico y el ejercicio contra resistencia de forma aguda en la presión intraocular, para así poder brindar recomendaciones a poblaciones sanas y con glaucoma.

Método: Revisión de bibliografía, búsqueda de artículos científicos en las siguientes bases de datos: SportDiscus con texto completo, psycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, Google Académico, Research Gate, PubMed.

Resultados: El ejercicio aeróbico agudo pareciera tener un efecto significativo sobre la presión intraocular, pues la disminuye. Este resultado se presenta en personas sedentarias y con glaucoma. Para personas físicamente activas o atletas, para lograr reducir la PIO es necesario realizar ejercicio a intensidades más altas, comparado con personas sedentarias. Con respecto a la duración de ejercicio aeróbico agudo, parece que con solo cinco minutos se produce una disminución sobre la PIO. Al finalizar el ejercicio, el efecto agudo del ejercicio aeróbico se mantiene por un corto tiempo sobre la PIO. Son necesarias más investigaciones de efecto crónico. Igualmente, se necesitan más estudios que involucren variables como sexo y edad dentro de los análisis y no como estadística descriptiva, para así conocer el efecto del ejercicio sobre estas mismas. Con respecto a los ejercicios de contra resistencia, la parte superior del cuerpo aumenta más la PIO, al compararlos con ejercicios de la parte inferior. Los ejercicios de contra resistencia de alta intensidad aumentan la PIO.

Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que las personas con condición visual normal y con glaucoma pueden realizar ejercicio aeróbico y logran un efecto positivo en su salud visual.  Por otro lado, debido a la falta de investigación en ejercicio de contra resistencia, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con intensidades bajas, según los datos obtenidos en esta revisión. Con respecto a la calidad de los estudios encontrados podrían mejorarse los diseños en las investigaciones: la mayoría no contó con grupos controles, tampoco especificaron la intensidad del ejercicio e incluso les faltó incluir aspectos descriptivos necesarios para poder contar con información más clara.
Agroindustria y cadenas de valor
Authors: Porras-Ramírez Jefferson Eduardo
Published: June 2019

Este editorial científico analiza de forma comparada consecuencias económicas, sociales y culturales de la agroindustria del café en Costa Rica y en Filadelfia. Además, se discuten las repercusiones ambientales que ha tenido esta actividad económica en ambos lugares. Se pone en discusión la complejidad de estas problemáticas y como el diálogo interdisciplinario es fundamental para comprenderlas.
Impacto en la densidad aparente del suelo provocado por el tránsito de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) en arrastre de madera
Authors: Villalobos-Barquero Verónica , Meza-Montoya Alejandro
Published: June 2019

La degradación de la estructura del suelo producto del aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales constituye uno de los aspectos más importantes a considerar durante la producción de madera reforestada. Entre los factores que más acentúan esta degradación se encuentra el método de extracción empleado, por esta razón, se evaluó el efecto sobre el suelo provocado por el tránsito constante de los búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis), durante la operación de arrastre de madera. El estudio se realizó en terrenos propiedad de pequeños agricultores de la región Huetar Caribe de Costa Rica, específicamente en Sahara de Batán, Limón. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con dos tratamientos y 4 repeticiones por tratamiento, con el cual se evaluó el paso constante de los animales por las pistas de arrastre. Se determinó la densidad aparente del suelo en cuatro pistas de extracción de madera, esto en cuatro fincas.  Las muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas por medio del método del cilindro. Se aplicó la prueba de normalidad, una prueba F para igualdad de varianzas basada en dos muestras y se realizó una comparación de medias. Un total de 32 muestras de suelo fueron estudiadas de las cuales 16 correspondieron a suelo disturbado y las restantes 16 al testigo.  La densidad aparente promedio para el suelo disturbado fue de 1.071 g/cm3 mientras que el promedio para las muestras testigo fue de 1.005 g/cm3. Finalmente, se comprobó que ambas densidades aparentes no fueron significativamente diferentes (p-value de 0.0824).
STUDI BANDING PERANGKAT LUNAK APLIKASI GANESHA DIGITAL LIBRARY (GDL) SEBAGAI REPOSITORY INSTITUSI BERBASIS OPEN SOURCE
Authors: Arnomo Ilham
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the research is to analyze the technical features of the Ganesha Digital Library (GDL) application with DSpace and Eprints, so that it will be proved technically whether the GDL application can meet the standards and criteria as the application software repository institution ?. Using experimental approach research methods by installing GDL, DSpace and Eprints application to further analyze and compare the technical features of the three applications. The results show that GDL application meet standards and criteria as institutional repository application, since they have most of the technical features of institutional repositories including the features of the OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting); has a dublincore metadata standard; and has been licensed to open source (General Public License) GPL that is needed for the utilization, use and development of institutional repository applications according to the needs of a college institution.
Characteristics and Workload of Pediatricians in China
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Huang Lisu , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xi , Ke Zheng , Wang Zhaoxi , Chen Qiang , Dong Xiangyu , Du Lizhong , Fang Jianpei , Feng Xing , Fu Jianhua , He Zhixu , Huang Guoying , Huang Songming , Ju Xiuli , Gao Li , Li Li , Li Tingyu , Li Yarui , Liu Geli , Liu Wenjun , Luo Xiaoping , Nong Guangming , Pan Jiahua , Shen Kunling , Song Hongmei , Sun Jinghui , Mu Dezhi , Wang Tianyou , Wang Baoxi , Xiang Wei , Yang Changyi , Yang Shufen , Zhao Zhengyan , Zhu Hua , Zhu Yimin , Zhang Jun , Little Julian , Hesketh Therese , Sun Kun
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Although it is widely believed that China is facing a major shortage of pediatricians, the real situation of the current national status of pediatric human resources and their working conditions has not been evaluated to date.

METHODS:

We administered a survey to 54 214 hospitals from all 31 provinces in mainland China from 2015 to 2016. Hospital directors of all secondary and tertiary hospitals with pediatric services and a random sample (10%) of primary hospitals provided information on number of pediatricians and their educational levels, specialties, workloads, dropout rates, and other hospital characteristics. A data set of medical resources and socioeconomic information regarding each region (1997–2016) was constructed from the Chinese National Statistics Bureau. The Gini coefficient was used to describe the geographical distributions of pediatricians and hospitals.

RESULTS:

There were 135 524 pediatricians in China or ∼4 pediatricians per 10 000 children. Pediatricians’ average educational level was low, with ∼32% having only 3 years of junior college training after high school. The distribution of pediatricians was extremely skewed (Gini coefficient 0.61), and the imbalance of highly educated pediatricians was even more skewed (Gini coefficient 0.68). The dropout rate of pediatricians was 12.6%. Despite an increase in the Chinese government’s financial investment in health over the last decade, physicians have been burdened with a greater workload.

CONCLUSIONS:

Uneven development of the pediatric care system, inadequately trained pediatricians, low job satisfaction, and unmet demand for pediatric care are the major challenges facing China’s pediatric health care system.
Kallimachos Artemis-himnusza
Authors: Adorjáni Zsolt
Published: June 2019

Kallimachos Artemis-himnusza az a költemény a himnuszok könyvében, melynek művészi egysége, különösen Wilamowitz elmarasztaló ítéletének hatására, mind a mai napig élénk vita tárgya. Jelen tanulmányban ehhez a kérdéskörhöz szólok hozzá. Először a himnusz könyvben elfoglalt helyét, illetve a többi vershez való viszonyát vizsgálom. Ezek után kísérletet teszek az egység jellegének meghatározására a kohéziós elemek feltérképezésével, miközben eredményeimet kritikusan ütköztetem korábbi befolyásos nézetekkel, különösen a „fejlődéspszichológiai” irányzattal. Végezetül kiszélesítem a vizsgálatot a költemény tágabb történelmi kontextusára, és ennek keretében javaslatot teszek datálására is.
Irodalmi minták és hatások II. Mehmed drinápolyi beszédében
Authors: Tóth Iván
Published: June 2019

E tanulmány bemutatja, hogy az egyik utolsó bizánci történetíró, Michaél Kritobulos hogyan alkalmazta az irodalmi utánzás eszközét II. Mehmed szultán drinápolyi beszédében. Megpróbálja feltárni a beszédben olvasható hosszabb történeti ekphrasis irodalmi mintáit és szerepét, majd az orációban található rejtett történetírói reflexiókat vizsgálja. Közismert tény, hogy a klasszikus szerzők történeti szereplőik beszédeiben számos alkalommal implicit módon saját nézeteiket szólaltatják meg a történelemről és a történeti megismerésről. Mehmed beszédének egyes mondatai arra utalnak, hogy e jelenség nemcsak a klasszikus, de a késő bizánci történetírásban is felfedezhető.
The short-term effects of a sports stacking intervention on the cognitive and perceptual motor functioning In geriatrics
Authors: Naidoo R , Moodley K
Published: June 2019

Background: Sport stacking has been beneficial in improving reaction time, as well as hand-eye-co-ordination; predominantly in children. Sport stacking intervention studies, although limited, have shown improvements in motor and cognitive functioning in both children and adults, post-intervention. Similar intervention studies on geriatrics are limited.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a sport stacking physical activity intervention on the motor and cognitive functioning of geriatrics.
Methods: An intact, convenient sample of 58 geriatrics from a retirement home in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was selected to participate in this study. All participants performed selected motor and cognitive functioning tests, pre- and post-intervention. Twenty eight participants were exposed to an eight-week intervention while the control group (30 individuals) continued with activities as usual.
Results: The intervention group showed improvements in their mean reaction time and plate tapping (hand-eye co-ordination) times. Overall, there were no changes in the balance test results pre- and post-intervention. There were no significant results from the memory and quality of life tests.
Conclusions:   A sport stacking activity intervention has the potential to improve motor functioning in geriatrics, and its clinical application is recommended.
The transition of the South African Journal of Sports Medicine
Authors: Lambert M
Published: June 2019

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El tipo de participación que promueve la escuela, una limitante para la inclusión
Authors: Ochoa Azucena
Published: June 2019

La construcción de ambientes escolares propicios para el aprendizaje y la inclusión sólo puede llevarse a cabo en la medida en que se aprenda a participar, ya que a través de la participación se crean las condiciones para el aprecio a la diversidad y, por ende, para la inclusión. Sin embargo, en el contexto escolar son limitadas las situaciones en las que se propicia una participación auténtica. Sobre esta base, se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de analizar las ideas de los niños, niñas y adolescentes en relación con su participación en el ámbito escolar. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 539 estudiantes de nivel secundaria de escuelas públicas de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Querétaro, México. Los resultados muestran que si bien la escuela es el principal ámbito de participación que reconocen las y los estudiantes, sus ideas al respecto de la participación están acotadas a la emisión de una opinión que debe ser realizada de una manera específica, lo cual limita la creación de ambientes propicios para el aprendizaje y la inclusión.
Marketing channel of pineapple in Isabela, Philippines
Authors: Galvez Dolores B.
Published: June 2019

Purpose - The study determined the key production area, farming practices, average production volume, marketing channels, and marketing practices of pineapple farmers in Isabela, Philippines.
Methodology- Primary and secondary data were used. Through multistage sampling, eighty -four pineapple farmers were chosen to be the respondents as they answered closed and open- ended questions.
Findings- Municipalities with pineapple farms are Echague, San Guillermo, Sto. Tomas, Jones, and Angadanan. Pineapple farmers fertilized their farm and covered the fruit with hay to protect it from the sun. Their average production volume was about 23,588 pieces per cropping. The four intermediaries in the channel were canvassers, traders, processors, and retailers. Their marketing practices involved their reasons for choosing the type of buyers, basis in determining the quality of fruit, reasons for product rejection, price monitoring, and negotiation.
Conclusion- Most farmers did not have the capacity of marketing their produce. They just waited for their buyers to come in their area.

Keywords: Farmers, Farm activities, Marketing channel, Marketing practices, Pineapple
JEL Codes: M19, M30, M39
KONTRIBUSI PERSEPSI SISWA MENGENAI PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PRODUKTIF
Authors: Heriawan Hadi , Kuntadi Iwa , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi tingkat persepsi siswa tentang peran orang tua dalam pendidikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran produktif pada siswa kelas XI TKR di SMK Negeri 6 Bandung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah assosiatif kausal dengan jumlah responden 45 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk kedua variabel, yaitu dengan menggunakan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat persepsi siswa tentang peran orang tua dalam pendidikan termasuk dalam kategori cukup, motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran produktif dalam kategori baik, tingkat persepsi siswa tentang peran orang tua dalam pendidikan berkontribusi terhadap motivasi belajar siswa sebesar 23,04% yaitu pada kriteria sedang. Terdapat kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan antara tingkat persepsi siswa tentang peran orang tua dalam pendidikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran produktif.
PENGGUNAAN LABORATORIUM DALAM MENUNJANG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN
Authors: Nyangko Leonardo R. , Karo Karo Uli , Hamdani Aam
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana standar sarana dan prasarana laboratorium pemesinan serta bagaimana cara penggunaan laboratorium dengan sarana dan prasarana yang ada agar menunjang proses pembelajaran praktikum. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 12 Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prasarana pada area kerja mesin bubut, arean mesin frais, area kerja bangku dan area penyimpanan dan instruktur telah memenuhi standar Permendiknas No 40 Tahun 2008. Perbandingan jumlah peserta didik dengan mesin bubut  belum memenuhi standar. Perbandingan jumlah peserta dengan mesin frais dan perbandingan jumlah peserta didik dengan ragum sudah  memenuhi standar Permendiknas No. 40 Tahun 2008 sehingga dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran praktikum.
KARAKTERISTIK SIKAP MENTAL WIRAUSAHA MAHASISWA DALAM BIDANG OTOMOTIF
Authors: Maulida Agil N. , Kusumah Inu H , Permana Tatang
Published: June 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang karakteristik sikap mental wirausaha mahasiswa DPTM FPTK UPI Bandung dalam bidang otomotif. Metode penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh mahasiswa yang memiliki sikap mental wirausaha sangat rendah dan sangat tinggi jumlahnya paling sedikit. Mahasiswa yang memiliki sikap mental wirausaha tinggi memiliki jumlah paling banyak. Secara umum sikap mental wirausaha dalam bidang otomotif di kalangan mahasiswa prodi otomotif DPTM FPTK UPI Bandung ada pada kategori tinggi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu ada kecenderungan mahasiswa yang memiliki sikap mental wirausaha yang tinggi dapat berpotensi menjadi seorang wirausahawan.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PEMBELAJARAN KELISTRIKAN
Authors: Bisri Hasim , Supriawan Dedi , Permana Tatang
Published: June 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas  yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua  pertemuan tatap muka mengajar yang dilakukan pada kelas XI TKR 2 SMKN 8 Bandung sebanyak 28 siswa. Metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah adalah suatu rencana berupa pola yang didesain dengan pendekatan pemecahan masalah melalui tahap demi tahap yang dilakukan siswa selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk mengukur aktivitas belajar siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pengumpulan data untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut dalam kategori sedang dan kategori tinggi dan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan n-gain ternormalisasi pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut dalam kategori sedang dan kategori tinggi. Kesimpulannya bahwa dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pembelajaran kelistrikan Kompetensi Dasar Memperbaiki Sistem Pengapian.
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MODEL TUTORIAL DENGAN MEDIA HANDOUT PADA KOMPETENSI GAMBAR TEKNIK
Authors: Doreng Rollyka , Wiharna Ono , Komaro Mumu
Published: June 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat: mengetahui gambaran hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media handout dan media interaktif model tutorial pada mata pelajaran gambar teknik; dan mengetahui perbedaan perbandingan peningkatan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran gambar teknik siswa yang menggunakan  media handout dan media interaktif model tutorial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design yang dilaksankan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 dengan mengambil sampel 2 kelas yaitu TKR 1 dan TKR 2 di SMK Negeri 8 Bandung. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Instrumen tes (soal pre-test dan post-test) dan Instrumen non tes (lembar judgment media dan lembar judgment materi). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan multimedia interaktif model tutorial membantu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menjadi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan media handout dengan rata-rata prestasi siswa yang belajar menggunakan media handout mendapatkan nilai N-gain sebesar 0,51 (sedang). Rata-rata prestasi siswa yang belajar menggunakan multimedia interaktif model tutorial mendapat nilai N-gain sebesar 0,54 (sedang). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah multimedia interaktif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa lebih baik dari pada media handout.
9.Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Matematiksel Okuryazarlıklarının Akademik Başarı ve Öğrenme Stillerine Göre İncelenmesi
Authors: EFE ÇETİN Kübra , MERT UYANGÖR Sevinç
Published: June 2019

Bazı referans noktalarına göre ülkelerin eğitim
alanında hangi düzeyde olduğunun, giderilmesi gereken eksikliklerin ve alınması
gereken tedbirlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla OECD tarafından üçer yıllık dönemler
hâlinde, 15 yaş grubundaki öğrencilerin kazanmış oldukları bilgi ve becerileri
değerlendiren PISA araştırması yürütülmektedir. Türkiye’de bir OECD üyesi
olarak, eğitim düzeyinin yükseltilmesi amacıyla araştırmaya katılmaktadır. Bu
araştırmanın amacı ise; ülkemizde örneklem dışında kalan bir ilçede öğrenim gören
tüm 9. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik okuryazarlık düzeylerini tespit etmek ve
bu düzeyler ile öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve öğrenme stilleri arasındaki
ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma; nicel araştırma yaklaşımlarından tarama
deseninde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2016-2017 eğitim öğretim
yılında Balıkesir/İvrindi ilçesinde yer alan farklı lise türlerinde öğrenim
gören 214, 9.sınıf öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları; PISA 2012
çalışmasında kullanılan matematik okuryazarlığı anketi ve öğrenme stillerini
belirlemek için KOLB Öğrenme Stili Envanteridir. Araştırmada; uygulamaya
katılan öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlık düzeyinin 2.düzey ve altında
olduğu, öğrencilerin matematik okuryazarlık düzeyleri ile matematik başarı
puanları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu, öğrenme stili değişkeni ile
anlamlı bir ilişkisinin bulunmadığı sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Hyperactivation of the p53–MicroRNA Signaling Pathway: Mathematical Model of Variants of Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Voropaeva O.F. , Lisachev P.D. , Senotrusova S.D. , Shokin Y.I.
Published: June 2019

We carried out a numerical simulation of the system p53–inhibitor–microRNA. A minimal mathematical model was used, which describes only the most common features of the functioning of a biological system with a negative feedback p53–inhibitory protein and a positive feedback p53–microRNA. Adequacy of the accepted model and results of the computational analysis is confirmed by agreement with published data of biological experiments. In the frames of the accepted model, possible strategies were descried for the restoration of the p53 and its target microRNAs normal levels for cancer prevention. In addition, possible variants of anticancer therapies were studied, which are associated with the hyperactivation of the regulators of apoptosis p53 and microRNAs. Our results demonstrate potentially high effectiveness of the anticancer therapy targeted on the p53 inhibitor, which is a critical element of the positive feedback chain p53–microRNA.
‘Let the Citizens Fix This Mess!’ Podemos’ Claim for Participatory Democracy in Spain
Authors: Rico Motos Carlos
Published: June 2019

The declining trust in the representative institutions of liberal democracy after the 2008 economic crisis has generated a rise in appeals to substitute the representative model in favor of a participatory democracy. Although political representation has been in crisis since its very inception, for the first time the new technologies of communication based in the Web 2.0, smartphones and social media make replacing the elites’ intermediation in decision-making a real possibility. Aiming to critically address this issue, the article uses a political theory framework to analyze the role of political participation within the main models of democracy as a first step from where to question the viability and convenience of participatory democracy nowadays. Then, the article focuses on the case of Podemos in Spain, a left-wing populist party that advocates for instruments like referendums and citizen initiatives as a solution for the Spanish political crisis. Here, the article highlights the shortcomings of Podemos’s participatory proposal, mainly focused on aggregating predetermined positions instead of addressing the dynamics that undermine the quality of political debate. Finally, we conclude that dealing with the citizens’ political disaffection requires institutional innovations designed to increase the deliberative quality of our representative democracies.