bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO EM FLUTTER PARA ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA E GEOGRAFIA DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Santos Pedro Lucas Silva , Lima Edilson Carlos Silva , Magalhães Yonara Costa
Published: April 2024

Com o passar do tempo a disseminação do ensino de história e geografia do estado do Maranhão foi ficando cada vez menor e menos valorizado. Enquanto isso o uso do gamificação foi se tornando cada vez maior. Incorporando o uso de jogos e sua capacidade de fornecer entretenimento e diversão é possível alavancar o engajamento dos jovens nos estudos e melhorar as qualidades de ensino. Este artigo aborda um projeto cujo objetivo é usar a gamificação como ferramenta pedagógica, sendo desenvolvido com o uso de engenharia de software e o framework Flutter. Através de um estudo de caso e uma pesquisa qualitativa foi possível ver o quão bem o projeto se saiu em uma aplicação real.

Palavras-chave: Flutter, Gamificação, Jogo digital, Aprendizagem de História, Aprendizagem de Geografia.
Sociologia e Religião
Authors: Malley F.
Published: April 2024

Gabriel Le Bras é, incontestavelmente, o iniciador da Sociologia Religiosa em sua orientação atual; os primeiros trabalhos datam de uns 30 anos e entre seus primeiros discípulos se encontra o cónego Boulard. Na mesma época em que Le Bras iniciava os seus trabalhos, um inquérito sobre a proporção da prática religiosa e sobre as forças sociais que influenciam no comportamento religioso, outra pesquisa era efetuada no litoral francês do Mar do Norte, do canal da Mancha e do Atlântico dirigida por L. J. Lebret, em 1929-1930-1931...
Women's History in the Indiana Magazine of History : A Bibliography
Authors: Bakken Dawn E.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT: This bibliography details women's history articles that have appeared in the Indiana Magazine of History during its 120 years of publication.
Unveiling the truth: A systematic review of fact-checking and fake news research in social sciences
Authors: Tejedor Santiago , Romero-Rodríguez Luis M. , Gracia-Villar Mónica
Published: April 2024

The current media ecosystem, marked by immediacy and social networks dynamics, has created a fertile field for disinformation. Faced with its exponential growth, since 2014, research has focused on combating false content in the media. From a descriptive approach, this study has analyzed 200 documents on fact-checking and fake news published between 2014 and 2022 in scientific journals indexed in Scopus. This study has found that Europe and the United States are leading the way in the number of journals and authors publishing on the subject. The United States universities are the ones that host the most significant number of authors working on fact-checking, while the methodologies used, mostly ad hoc due to the novelty of the topic, allow to reflect on the need to promote work focused on the design, testing, and evaluation of prototypes or real experiences within the field. The most common contributions analyzed include typologies of false content and media manipulation mechanisms, models for evaluating and detecting disinformation, proposals to combat false content and strengthen verification mechanisms, studies on the role of social media in the spread of disinformation, efforts to develop media literacy among the public and journalists, case studies of fact-checkers, identification of factors that influence the belief in fake news, and analysis of the relationship between disinformation, verification, politics, and democracy. It is concluded that it is essential to develop research that connects the academy with the industry to raise awareness of the need to address these issues among the different actors in the media scenario.
Soporte nutricional del paciente adulto resultados de la reunión de consenso de la Asociación Colombiana de Nutrición Clínica
Authors: Bermúdez Charles , Sanabria Álvaro , Vega Valentín
Published: April 2024

Introducción. El soporte nutricional es la única alternativa terapéutica para los pacientes que presentan dificultades en la ingestión de alimentos. Se pretende unificar los conceptos y desarrollar un documento de fácil acceso y consulta rápida en relación con la administración de nutrición para los pacientes adultos.
Materiales y métodos. Se escogió la metodología de consenso. La Asociación Colombiana de Nutrición Clínica seleccionó los expertos teniendo en cuenta su participación en grupos de soporte nutricional, la profesión y la ciudad donde trabajaban. Veinticinco personas respondieron los cuestionarios y se conformaron tres grupos: uno para decidir sobre la estructura de los grupos de soporte nutricional, otro sobre la manera de calcular las necesidades nutricionales, y otro sobre los accesos entéricos y parenterales. Se diseñaron preguntas específicas para cada tema. Se tabularon las respuestas enviadas por cada uno de los expertos. Se dio por finalizado el proceso de consenso después de la tercera ronda de evaluación.

Resultados. Entre los aspectos que obtuvieron consenso, se encuentran los siguientes: deben existir grupos de soporte nutricional para el manejo de pacientes adultos que requieren terapia nutricional entérica o parenteral; el grupo debe estar conformado por médico, nutricionista, enfermero y químico farmacéutico; la valoración de los pacientes debe hacerse diariamente; las funciones de cada integrante; la fórmula de Harris- Benedict debe utilizarse en todos los casos para el cálculo de las necesidades energéticas; los rangos de aporte proteico, graso y calórico; el material de la sonda de nutrición entérica debe ser poliuretano o silicona; indicación de uso oral de la sonda entérica; indicación de la sonda de tungsteno; indicación de una vía definitiva de nutrición entérica, la cual debe establecerse mediante gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea con sonda específicamente diseñada; tiempo de inicio de la nutrición entérica; manejo de la sonda entérica para administración de fórmulas y medicamentos; las indicaciones de nutrición parenteral; uso de catéteres centrales con vía exclusiva para la nutrición; uso de apósitos para el catéter central; vía de inserción, su localización y el tiempo de recambio.
Conclusión. Existen recomendaciones en el manejo del soporte nutricional que son ampliamente aceptadas y permiten estandarizar los procesos de nutrición clínica.
LEXICAL SYNONYMY IN THE SITUATIONS OF LEGAL DISCOURSE FROM A LINGUISTIC SYNERGY PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Far Eastern Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Khabarovsk, Russia, Pavlova Yanina A.
Published: April 2024

The article dwells on lexical synonyms in the situations of legal discourse. The research is based on the idea of selforganization of complex open systems. Legal discourse as an open nonlinear system, author’s intentions as an attractor in a separate communicative block, general and special factors stabilizing the system of discourse are considered. The author’s attention is mainly focused on semantic variants in the statement/text as one of the linguistic means used by the actor to achieve the goals in a specific communicative situation (indictment, prosecutor’s closing argument, outline). The conclusion is made about the functionality of semantic variants in the process of transferring the intention.
LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: RATIONAL, EMOTIONAL AND INTUITIVE IN SCIENTIFIC COGNITION (THE CASE OF ENGLISH FOR BIOLOGISTS)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Polubichenko Lydia V.
Published: April 2024

English for specific purposes (ESP) of biologists is one of the most dynamically developing variants of modern English that provides for efficient communication within life sciences exhibiting new tendencies in naming objects, facts and phenomena discovered by science. The article looks into a massive use in genetics – rightly considered the basis of modern biology due to its universal laws of heredity and variability – of expressive and colourful figurative terminological and nomenclature units based on cognitive metaphors and metonymies. The harmonious combination of rational, emotional and intuitive ways of scientific cognition allows the biological community to cope successfully with cognitive overload and psycho-emotional stress in the modern conditions of exponentially increasing volume of genetic information. It is demonstrated that the unusually metaphorical, figurative and humorous units of biological ESP carry out a new function of emotional discharge that requires no less attention than the traditional epistemic, cognitive and communicative functions which have already been studied quite well.
ON TRANSCULTURAL VARIABILITY OF THE BARBIE CONCEPT INTERPRETATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH-SPEAKING CHINESE LANGUAGE COMMUNITY
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia, Toropova Lyudmila S. , Karavanova Ekaterina K. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Published: April 2024

This article dwells on the verbalization of the Barbie concept in the modern Chinese mass media by native Chinese speakers in English language contexts. The research is aimed at identifying the specific variability of the value attributes of the North American concept in the mass media Chinese English discourse, which the authors consider as a transcultural linguistic space. Through contextual analysis of factual material collected by continuous sampling method from open printed online sources in English and the script of the film “Barbie” (2023), some culturally significant interpretative meanings of the value component belonging to the Barbie concept / the cultural phenomenon in the Chinese language community are identified. The authors conclude that the stereotypes of the Western world are at the heart of judgments about the doll and its active promotion in Asian countries. Their verbalization in Chinese English is of interest for further study.
INTEGRATION OF VIRTUAL REALITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES INTO THE EDUCATION OF STUDENTS WITH VISUAL DISABILITIES IN SCHOOLS OF KHABAROVSK KRAI
Authors:   Regional Boarding School No. 2, Kortelev Konstantin V. , Serdyukov Yuri M. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia, Kortelev Valery V. ,   Far Eastern State Medical University, Serdyukov Mikhail Yu ,   Higher School of Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2024

Having studied the experience of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) technologies into the education of children with visual impairments accumulated over the last decade, the authors identify and describe a set of existing medical and physiological, moral and ethical, technical, and methodological problems in this area. In addition, the article outlines the main prospects for the application of AI and VR technologies in the educational space of students with visual impairments, namely, the possibility of creating virtual environments that can be adapted to the individual needs and level of perception of each student; adaptation of AI algorithms to support learning and development of students with visual impairment and application of AI and VR technologies for the social adaptation and integration of students.
THE POETICS OF THE METAPROSE OF RUSSIAN WRITERS OF THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY: A VIEW FROM CHINA (REVIEW OF LIU XIAO WEN'S MONOGRAPH "THE POETICS OF METAPROSE OF THE 1920S-1930S (V.B. SHKLOVSKY AND V.A. KAVERIN)")
Authors:   Sakhalin State University, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia, Ikonnikova Elena A.
Published: April 2024

The publication is an author's review of Liu Miaowen's monograph "The Poetics of Metaprose of the 1920s-1930s (V.B. Shklovsky and V.A. Kaverin)".
LITERATURE OF THE KHABAROVSK TERRITORY AND ITS EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL (REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY O.N. ALEXANDROVA-OSOKINA AND HUANG JIANG «P. KOMAROV'S LYRICS»)
Authors:   Pacific State University, Khabarovsk, Russia, Sysoeva Olga A.
Published: April 2024

The paper examines the content of the monograph of Khabarovsk and Chinese scholars, gives a general description of the publication, focuses on the main problems of modern regionalism, offers recommendations on the use of the book in the practice of school and university teaching
IRISH INFLUENCE ON AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH AND CULTURE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Kirillova Olga O.
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on the lexical, grammatical and phonetic composition of the Australian English language (AusE), which was mainly influenced by the Irish variety of English (IrE). The Australian variety had practically emerged by the 19th century and reflected not only British dialects, but also many historical processes, namely the migration of white people to the continent, mainly from Ireland, which had a direct impact on the formation of the Australian variety of the English language. In this form, it has been generally preserved to this day. The character of the Australians, which they are proud of and which makes them special, is also acquired from the Irish, who moved to the "ever-green continent" with their traditions, enriching the local population with their culture. Toponymic names of geographical objects on the map of Australia also appeared due to Irish borrowings. The Irish influence on the language and culture of Australia will be discussed in this article.
MULTICULTURAL LONDON ENGLISH IN THE LINGUISTIC CONTINUUM OF BRITAIN
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Kozlov Dmitry V.
Published: April 2024

The article explores the role and significance of Multicultural London English (MLE) in the linguistic context of modern London and Britain. The paper analyzes the features and unique characteristics of MLE, the history of its formation as a result of long-term immigration of various ethnic groups to the capital city. MLE serves as a vivid example of interaction and interpenetration of various cultures and linguistic traditions, reflects the ethnocultural diversity of modern British society. The study of this phenomenon contributes to the development of intercultural communication, tolerance, respect for other cultures and languages. The author emphasizes the relevance and importance of studying this multiethnic language in the context of modern linguistics.
CORRELATION OF VARIETIES OF THE SPANISH POLYNATIONAL LANGUAGE IN LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Nikitina Mariya S. ,   Zhirinovsky University of World Civilizations, Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the problem of language variation of the Spanish polynational language using axiological factor. The significance of the chosen topic is stipulated by the fact that axiological-linguistic approach allows us to mark out valuable submissions of the Hispanic and to show how this approach determines the use of lexical units in speech and behavior of communicators and communicants. The purpose of the article is to identify the cultural identity and ethnic values of the Hispanic. Based of the comparative method of lexical units, the significance of the value of “traditions and culture”, “gastronomy”, “the worship of beauty”, “respect to a communication partner” is determined and the implementation of these concepts in national varieties of the Spanish language is shown.
Evidence for non-linear extinction learning and no influence of intolerance of uncertainty: investigating US expectancies in a VR fear conditioning paradigm
Authors: Grill Markus , Kloft Matthias , Anhäuser Steffen , Haberkamp Anke
Published: April 2024

In exposure therapy, the degree to which individuals effectively correct their threat expectancies varies considerably. Using appropriate statistical models to capture this variability and investigating potential moderators (i.e. mechanisms of change) of the extinction learning process is therefore important. We hypothesized that a non-linear statistical model would better explain extinction learning trajectories indexed by unconditioned stimulus (US) expectancies than a linear model and that intolerance of uncertainty (IU) might negatively impact extinction. Seventy-one spider-fearful participants completed a two-day realistic virtual reality conditioning paradigm where a spider served as the US. Trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings were collected as the main outcome during acquisition and extinction. We used ordered beta regression in a Bayesian estimation framework to analyze data. As expected, trial-by-trial US expectancy ratings during extinction were substantially better explained by the non-linear ordered beta than a linear statistical model. Non-linear models can therefore more adequately capture interindividual differences in trial-by-trial extinction learning by providing a better fit to such data. However, IU did not moderate US expectancies in our study. Previous research investigating influences of IU on US expectancies produced mixed results, and our study supports the notion that US expectancies are largely insensitive to IU.
Does corpus size influence normalised frequencies?
Authors: Wolfer Sascha , Koplenig Alexander
Published: April 2024

Several frequency-based corpus linguistic measures are strongly influenced by corpus size (e.g. measures of lexical diversity or text similarity metrics). It is largely unquestioned, however, that normalised frequencies are supposed to correct for the influence of corpus size—but it has not yet been systematically tested whether and how they might be influenced by corpus size themselves. We approached this question by testing the association between lists of normalised frequencies derived from corpus samples of different sizes from five typologically diverse languages. Our results suggest that the size of the underlying corpora does not negatively influence comparisons of normalized frequency lists, i.e. differences in corpus size do not lead to lower associations between the derived lists. Rather, the findings indicate that larger corpora (even in combination with smaller corpora) always have a positive effect in the sense that the association of the compared lists increases. For types in lower frequency ranges, however, these associations decrease rather quickly.
Dark matter as a Ricci soliton with supporting data
Authors: Kauffman Stuart , Marongwe Stuart
Published: April 2024

In this paper we consider clumped baryonic matter as a spherically symmetric barotropic fluid associated with a compact four-dimensional Einstein manifold with a four-radius that is determined by the fluid density. We further investigate the properties of these matter generated manifolds and show that because of their homogeneity and isotropy they exhibit FLRW metric properties and expand with cosmic time. At low densities such as those encountered in star clusters, galaxies and galactic clusters, these manifolds are large and show the same properties that are currently attributed to dark matter. The evolving baryonic Tully–Fisher Relation (eBTFR) is derived from first principles and is tested with empirical observations at 7.5 sigma statistical significance. The eBTFR is an indirect detection method for the Ricci soliton.
Pleistocene shifts in Great Basin hydroclimate seasonality govern the formation of lithium-rich paleolake deposits
Authors: Bhattacharya Tripti , Brennan Peter , Ibarra Daniel , Gagnon Catherine , Butler Kristina , Terrazas Alexa , Miller Shaw , Munk Lee , Boutt David , Feng Ran , Bullinger Stephanie , Weisbeck Lucy
Published: April 2024

Southwestern North America is currently experiencing a multidecadal megadrought, with severe consequences for water resources. However, significant uncertainty remains about how precipitation will change in the 21st century in this semi-arid region. Paleoclimatic records are essential for both contextualizing current change, and for helping constrain the sensitivity of regional hydroclimate to large-scale global climate. In this paper, we present a new 2.8 Ma late Pliocene to present compound-specific isotopic record from Clayton Valley, the site of a long-lived paleolake in the southern Great Basin. Hydrogen and carbon isotopes from terrestrial plant leaf waxes provide evidence of past shifts in rainfall seasonality as well as ecosystem structure, and help contextualize the formation of this lithium-rich lacustrine basin. Our results suggest that regional hydroclimates underwent a substantial reorganization at the Plio-Pleistocene boundary, especially between 2.6 and 2.0 Ma. In this interval, a reduced latitudinal temperature gradient in the North Pacific likely resulted in a northward shift in storm tracks, and a reduction in winter rainfall over the southern Great Basin. This occurred against a background of increased summer rainfall and a greater accumulation of lithium in the lake basin. Our interpretation is corroborated by a compilation of Plio-Pleistocene north Pacific sea surface temperature records, as well as an isotope-enabled model simulation. Overall, these results suggest that past shifts in rainfall seasonality helped set the stage for the development and dessication of lithium-rich lacustrine deposits.
Scaling traffic variables from sensors sample to the entire city at high spatiotemporal resolution with machine learning: applications to the Paris megacity
Authors: Bonnemaizon Xavier , Ciais Philippe , Zhou Chuanlong , Ben-Arous Simon , Davis Steven , Megel Nicolas
Published: April 2024

Road transportation accounts for up to 35% of carbon dioxide and 49% of nitrogen oxides emissions in the Paris region. In an effort to mitigate those emissions, local authorities have implemented a climate plan that includes measures such as converting car lanes into cycle paths and enforcing strict low emission zones. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis has had a notable impact on citizens' behavior and traffic patterns. There was a sharp decline and subsequent recovery in traffic during spring 2020, followed by an extended period of restrictions in late 2020 and 2021, leading to decreased traffic levels. However, estimates of city traffic patterns are often incomplete and of coarse spatio-temporal resolution, even where extensive networks of sensors exist. Here, we use a machine learning approach to assess data from 2086 magnetic road sensors in the city of Paris, resulting in a comprehensive dataset of hourly traffic flow and road occupancy covering 6846 road segments from 2018 to 2022. Our model captures flow and occupancy on an hourly and road segment basis with a Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 37% and 54% respectively, allowing us to create a new map of hourly transportation patterns in Paris.
Valuing replication value
Authors: Takashima Kaito , Yamada Yuki
Published: April 2024

This is a commentary piece on the proposal by Isager et al. (2021) for a new metric, RVCn, designed to evaluate the replication value of psychological studies. We discuss the hope of utilizing the RVCn metric in undergraduate education and possible improvements on using only sample size to derive this metric.
Issues in Grounded Cognition and how to solve them – The Minimalist Account
Authors: Friedrich Jannis , Fischer Martin , Raab Markus
Published: April 2024

The field of grounded cognition is concerned with how concepts are represented by being embedded in the bodily modalities. Considerable empirical work supports this core tenet, but the field is rife with meta-theoretical issues which prevent meaningful progress. We describe these issues and provide a solution: an overarching theoretical framework. The two most commonly cited grounded cognition theories are perceptual symbol systems and conceptual metaphor theory. Under perceptual symbol systems, concepts are represented by integrating fragments of multi-modal percepts in a simulator. Conceptual metaphor theory involves a limited number of image schemas, primitive structural regularities extracted from interaction with the environment, undergoing a limited number of transformations into a concept. Both theories constitute important developments to understanding mental representations, yet we argue that currently, they impede progress because they are prematurely elaborate. This forces them to rely on overly specific assumptions, which generates a lack of conceptual clarity and unsystematic testing of empirical work. Our minimalist account takes grounded cognition ‘back to basics’ with a common-denominator framework supported by converging evidence from other fields. It postulates that concepts are represented by simulation, re-activating the mental states that were active when experiencing this concept, and metaphoric mapping, when concrete representations serve to represent abstract concepts. This enables incremental theory development without uncertain assumptions because it enables falsificationist methods, while allowing for explorative or descriptive research. Our proposal counteracts meta-theoretical issues and encourages a falsificationist research program that allows to integrate grounded cognition into the cognitive sciences.
External validity of social experiments
Authors: Lin Hause , Stagnaro Michael
Published: April 2024

The social sciences have made significant progress in understanding human behavior and social phenomena in the last century. The experimental method has been fundamental for testing theories, searching for and documenting phenomena, developing theories, and generating policy-based evidence. We highlight how failing to recognize these different goals of experimentation can lead to problematic theories and findings that lack external validity, generalizability, and relevance in real-world contexts. Importantly, we discuss how attrition can threaten internal and external validity. The increasing reliance on online and field experiments also exacerbates the existing threats of attrition to external validity. Thus, to reap the true benefits of experimentation, social scientists must ensure they design experiments with the appropriate degrees of internal and external validity, recruit populations that are representative of the target population, and carefully consider and address potential issues associated with attrition and sampling strategy.
There is great value in hearing vicarious memories, but what if you don’t have access to them?
Authors: McLean Kate C.
Published: April 2024

The importance of vicarious memories is clear for various situaPons, such as facilitaPng adaptaPon to novel events, as well as for aspects of psychological health, such as idenPty development, and personal connecPon. However, the uPlity of vicarious memories depends on having access to them. This commentary addresses the issue of access – how people are able to find and hear vicarious memories – in the context of research on intergeneraPonal storytelling in LGBTQ+ communiPes. Four quesPons are raised to broaden the research on vicarious memories, which address: concerns of access at different developmental stages, whether the recepPon and internalizaPon of vicarious memories is a natural process, whether shared idenPty characterisPcs facilitate the uPlity of vicarious memories, and the impact of social locaPon on the meaning of vicarious memories. ImplicaPons include considering how inequitable access requires intenPonally structuring situaPons where vicarious memories might be shared and heard.
Coordination in dynamic interactions by converging on tacitly agreed joint plans
Authors: Le Pargneux Arthur , Zeitoun Hossam , Konstantinidis Emmanouil , Chater Nick
Published: April 2024

People solve a myriad of coordination problems without explicit communication every day. A recent theoretical account, virtual bargaining, proposes that, to coordinate, we often simulate a negotiation process, and act according to what we would be most likely to agree to do if we were to bargain. But very often several equivalent tacit agreements — or virtual bargains — are available, which poses the challenge of figuring out which one to follow. Here we take inspiration from virtual bargaining to develop a cognitive modeling framework for dynamic coordination problems. We assume that players recognize their common goal, identify one or more possible tacit agreements based on situational features, observe the history of their partner’s choices to infer the most likely tacit agreement, and play their role in the joint plan. We test this approach in two experiments (n = 125 and n = 133) based on a dynamic coordination game designed to elicit agreement-based behavior. We fit our model at the individual level and compare its performance against alternative models. Across four different conditions, our model performs best among the set of models considered. Behavioral results are also consistent with players sustaining coordination and cooperation in the task by converging on tacitly agreed strategies or “virtual bargains”.
Adaptation of dwarf shrubs to Arctic tundra conditions in West Svalbard
Authors: Shmakova N. Yu. , Markovskaya E. F. , Morozova K. V. , Ermolaeva O. V.
Published: April 2024

The stability of the biota in the Arctic regions under climate change and increasing anthropogenic burdens is inﬂuenced by the adaptive potential of its representatives. This study aimed to assess the adaptive potential of dwarf shrubs (Betula nana, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Salix polaris) in the ﬂora of West Svalbard on the basis of their morphological and anatomical features and total leaf lipid fatty acid content. All species have similar leaf anatomy characteristics: small leaves, dorsoventral structure with clear diﬀerentiation into palisade and spongy mesophyll, which ensures their growth in the Arctic. However, S. polaris is characterized by high volumes of the stomatal apparatus, an amphistomatic type of leaf, a high palisade coeﬃcient, a large volume of mechanical leaf tissue, and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). These features provide high functional activity, passage through all stages of ontogenesis, and a wide distribution of the species in West Svalbard. In contrast to S. polaris, B. nana and V. uliginosum are characterized by a decrease in leaf area, a decrease in the palisade coeﬃcient, and a hypostomatic leaf type, which, combined with an increase in the diversity of “secondary” UFA, as well as the lack of generative development, may indicate a higher level pressure of extreme conditions for the species. Thus, these features may explain their limited representation in the ecotopes of West Svalbard. In contrast to B. nana and V. uliginosum, the higher adaptive potential of S. polaris ensures its greater stability in conditions of changing habitat. All studied dwarf shrub species can be used as markers for monitoring the environment in the high Arctic.
Eﬀect of production technologies on the properties and structure of PTFE-based composites
Authors: Petrova P. N. , Markova M. A. , Fedorov A. L.
Published: April 2024

In the development of polymer composite materials, it is crucial to use various technological methods for introducing ﬁllers into the structure of the base polymer, by diﬀerent activation technologies of energy exposure. In this study, the processes of structure formation of polymer composite materials based on polytetraﬂuoroethylene and discrete hydrate cellulose carbon fibers, depending on the production technology, were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. We considered joint mechanical activation of components and passing the powder mixture through laboratory rollers. To understand the processes occurring in the friction process of the developed PCM, surface studies before and after friction by infrared spectroscopy were carried out. We found that during the friction process, depending on the friction mode, the spiral conformation of the PTFE macromolecules changes. An increase in the sliding velocity and the load during PCM friction leads to a change in the spiral conformation of macromolecules with a transition from 136 to a more stable conformation 157. We also found that the combination of technologies for joint mechanical activation of components and rolling of a powder mixture are technological techniques that can increase the structural activity of discrete hydrocarbons and intensify the adhesive interaction at the polymer-ﬁller phase interface, which leads to an increase in the resistance of composites to creep and wear. The developed technological approaches can be used in the production of ﬂuorocomposites containing not only carbon but also other types of ﬁbers.
Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on water permeability of sand mixtures with nanoclay
Authors: Nevzorov A. L. , Saenko Yu. V. , Shiranov A. M. , Churkin S. V.
Published: April 2024

The mixtures of sands and nanoclays are used to isolate municipal and industrial solid wastes. Compared with natural clayey soils, these mixtures are characterized by homogeneous composition, workability, and low compressibility. This study investigated the eﬀect of freeze–thaw cycles on their permeability. The mixtures of four sands and a saponite clay suspension generated by diamond ore processing were studied. The mixtures were prepared on the basis of 4 % and 8 % clay from sand weight. The tests were performed using an apparatus consisting of four devices for measuring frost heave and permeability, which were placed in containers with water. The water level was decreased gradually to ensure sample freezing or increased to ensure sample thawing. The frost heave of the mixtures with 4 % clay was 10.0–16.4 % under an external load of 2 kPa, and the ﬁve freeze–thaw cycles resulted in an increase in the hydraulic conductivity by 2.0–4.7 times. The mixtures with 8 % clay were tested under a load of 12 kPa, because of their high frost susceptibility. The hydraulic conductivity increased by approximately the same value as in the ﬁrst case, i.e., by 1.2–2.0 times. The experiments have shown that the examined mixtures are suitable for isolating wastes. However, to eliminate the above eﬀect, a waterproof liner should be covered with inert soil, which would reduce the depth of frost penetration and apply the load on it.
Improving the current configuration of the Russian Federation Arctic Zone, with account to international environmental cooperation within the framework of the Arctic Council
Authors: Amirchanov A. M. , Zhukov M. A. , Okhlopkov I. M. , Pospelov I. N. , Romanenkov R. L. , Ustinova T. V.
Published: April 2024

This article analyzes the problems of correlating the space within which the Russian Federation’s special state policy is implemented, considering Russia’s international obligations, to the actual status of the Arctic territories. The boundaries of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) and the territories specified by the Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) working group of the Arctic Council are only partially coincident and vary in different regions. This discrepancy can be explained by the lack of uniform criteria for the identification of the southern border of the Arctic zone, while international projects aimed at preserving the natural environment and biodiversity in the Arctic are being implemented in these territories. A number of territories have been proposed for inclusion in the Arctic zone as part of the final stage of the Russian Arctic. It is important to define the Arctic zone in order to address the problems of protecting the environment and biological resources of the territory and ensuring the social and economic well-being of the Arctic population.
A History of Scientific Approaches to Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Time to Rethink their Relegation to the Paranormal and Engage Seriously?
Authors: Lomas Tim
Published: April 2024

The topic of “Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena” (UAP) has historically been regarded with skepticism by the scientific community. After a period of relative openness and ambivalence in the 1950s and 60s, it eventually became generally categorized as a “paranormal” concern and dismissed as a legitimate focus of inquiry. However, the issue has risen to public prominence over recent years. As such, this paper argues UAP should be redeemed as a scientific topic and given the scrutiny that such a potentially important phenomenon merits. The focus here is not assessing the nature of UAP per se but simply to argue this is a valid topic that the scientific community has shied away from which deserves real consideration.
Socio-economic strategies on the example of selected EU countries – cognitive theory and application approach
Authors: OLEKSIUK Adam
Published: April 2024

The article’s aim is to explain the essence and specificity of the creation of socio-economic strategies on the example of key documents of development character in selected EU countries. The author discusses the definitional issues related to socio-economic strategies, the motives for their creation, the institutions preparing them, typologies of strategies and methods of their development, as well as the overarching goals formulated in these documents. A separate part of the research is devoted to selected issues that are presented in key strategic documents of the European countries. In the article, examples of solutions implemented in the leading socio-economic strategies of the selected EU countries such as Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Croatia are woven into theoretical considerations. Primary sources in the form of strategic documents and available scientific literature were used for the analysis. The article allows, on the one hand, to better prepare for the initiation of the entire process of drawing up socio-economic strategies and, on the other hand, to familiarise readers with the development directions of individual European countries.
Evolution of the European Union’s policy for development of rural communities in the context of the European Green Deal strategy implementation
Authors: MICHALEWSKA-PAWLAK Małgorzata
Published: April 2024

This article refers to development support instruments for rural communities in the European Union (EU). The author presents the systemic and strategic determinants of creation and delivery of the EU rural community policy, as well as the origins and evolution of the Union policy in the abovementioned scope. The analysis is focused on the specific institutional and financial solutions which promote sustainable development of rural communities. The article demonstrates that multi-level and multi-agent nature of the development management system in the EU affects the implementation of a neo-endogenous policy towards rural communities in the EU. The text also presents developments in the implementation of EU policy for rural communities after 2021 in the context of the implementation of the European Green Deal (EGD) strategy.
State aid policy for environmental protection in Poland after accession to the European Union: did it meet expectations in the face of challenges?
Authors: AMBROZIAK Adam A. , GRZEGORZEWSKA Beata
Published: April 2024

In the face of years of negligence in the environmental protection in Poland, the membership in the European Union has caused the adoption not only of a restrictive legal framework and now ambitious environmental goals, but also restrictions on permissible support for entrepreneurs. To date there is a lack of research combining both legal and financial aspects in this field. The aim of this study is to identify the extent, to which Poland’s policy of financial assistance to entrepreneurs has exercised the legal framework for granting state aid for environmental protection. To this end, we conducted a comparative analysis of EU legislation on state aid and Polish aid schemes for environmental protection, as well as statistical analysis of changes in granting aforementioned state aid in terms of its intended uses and areas of support in Poland. We found the high degree of cumulation to certain sectors and incidentality of environmental aid in Poland, both in terms of its objectives envisaged by the Commission and of support areas. That support did not follow a well-thought-out, coherent and systematic policy of supporting entrepreneurs, but was merely a collection of isolated interventions, depending on the availability of fund resources in the EU financial perspectives.
Book review: A.A. Ambroziak (ed.), Poland in the European Union. Report 2023, SGH Publishing House, Warsaw 2023, 160 pages
Authors: BEDNARZ Joanna
Published: April 2024

The monograph entitled "Poland in the European Union. Report 2023" is a collectively written study prepared by researchers of the Department of European Integration and Legal Studies, Collegium of World Economy, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, under the scientific editorship of Adam A. Ambroziak. This is the third edition of the cyclical report, in which the authors continue the discussion about economic and legal problems and the future of Poland in the European Union. This year the report is devoted to the important macro- and mesoeconomic (sectoral and regional) problems related to Poland’s presence in the European Union (EU), as well as the integration within the EU itself. Significant advantage of this book is the discussion on current topics such as the situation in Ukraine, immigration to Poland, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and public aid in Poland, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The book consists of 8 chapters. It is preceded by the Introduction, in which the authors present the purpose, concept, thematic scope, and content of each part.
Signal modeling of means of tacit information acquisition using spline functions
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Turovskyy O. L.
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problem of recognizing signals from systems of unauthorized covert acquisition of confidential information. The general problem of detecting signals from the means of covert information acquisition (CIL) consists in the direct formation of a technique that would allow submitting the detected signal from CIL using the legal data transmission range in an analytical form convenient for further analysis and direct detection of a malicious signal. An analysis of the meaning, signs and properties of the means of covertly obtaining information was carried out, and their unmasking signs were presented. An overview of the methods used to record the detected signals from the means of covert information acquisition in an analytical form convenient for further analysis is carried out. Methods of analytical representation of the detected signal in the form of a composition of continuous functions and in the form of a spline function of two variables were analyzed. In order to increase the effectiveness of signal recognition of means of covert information obtaining, a method of constructing a ZNOI signal in the form of a two-dimensional spline function or a tensor product of two one-dimensional spline spaces is proposed. This method makes it possible to improve the efficiency of recognition of ZNOI signals and its automation. It is shown that an important condition for the recognition of a probable signal of a digital ZNOI is finding the maximum energy of the spectrum, which in turn makes it possible to apply the criteria of mathematical analysis of reaching the extrema of the function. The use of such a mathematical apparatus makes it possible, using the existing technical and software complexes, to automate the process of recognition of ZNOI signals.
Methodology of analysis and assessment of the security of information protection systems taking into account the degree of overlapping threats
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Pepa Yu. V.
Published: April 2024

Currently, information protection in automated systems has become an integral part of the vast majority of activities in various fields of human activity. The article examines the impact of threats on objects subject to protection. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the main cases of exposure to threats and the reaction of protective mechanisms to external intervention. Moreover, the protection system is considered as a complex, as several protective mechanisms with possible interrelationships and their own effectiveness in countering certain types of threats. The architecture of the protection system is imperfect and misses some threats in the protection area, which creates a danger to information. Based on the analysis of the main possible cases, a model of the information protection system with full overlap of threats is proposed, which allows taking into account the internal interrelationships of threats, the actual architecture of the protection system and possible objects of protection, and also allows revealing the structure of the information protection system, evaluating its effectiveness barriers to known types of threats or their combinations. The authors carried out a quantitative assessment of the optimal probabilities of protective mechanisms, which allow to ensure the least passage of threats in the area of protection. Unlike known models, the model of the information protection process with full overlap of threats allows you to take into account the internal relationships between threats, information protection systems and protection objects, and also allows you to reveal the structure of the system, highlight and evaluate the effectiveness of barriers that cover areas of vulnerability information protection mechanisms.
The method of multi-criteria selection of the optimal variant of the information protection system for the information and communication system of the enterprise
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Bilyaev D. A.
Published: April 2024

The development of any complex technical system is usually associated with solving an optimization problem. In the case of designing an information protection system for an information and communication system of an enterprise, it is a search for the optimal variant of a set of protection means from the entire set of possible ones. Like any complex system, the information protection system of the information and communication system of the enterprise is characterized by a set of performance indicators that characterize the protection system from the point of view of countermeasures: the intrusion of intruders into the system; threats to confidentiality, integrity and availability of information; malicious software, etc. The article considers the method of multi-criteria selection of the optimal version of the information protection system for the information and communication system of the enterprise. 5 approaches to choosing the architecture of a complex system are offered. The approaches under consideration are illustrated on a model example of choosing one of the four options for the information protection system of the information and communication system of the enterprise. A simple and fairly visual method of choosing the optimal variant of the information protection system for the information and communication system of the enterprise from a set of possible options is proposed. This method allows you to solve the problem directly on the set of quality indicators without collapsing the criteria into a complex indicator. The prospects for the development of the proposed method are its improvement in order to realize the possibility of giving preference to certain criteria.