bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study exploring barriers and facilitators to establishing nurse-led, multidisciplinary psychological care for trauma patients: experiences from doctors and nurses
Authors: Leng Yanan , Wu Ying , Wang Zonghua , Zhou Xiaoping , Liao Jianmei
Published: July 2022

Background

Trauma patients are often in a state of psychological stress, experiencing helplessness, sadness, frustration, irritation, avoidance, irritability and other adverse emotions. Doctors and nurses are at the forefront of caring trauma patients and they play a crucial role in psychological supports and mental health care. However, few qualitative studies had based on the framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the experiences in providing psychological care for trauma patients. We examined attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs underpinning medical staffs’ decisions to perform psychological care.

Method

A qualitative study of in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted among 14 doctors and nurses engaging in trauma care. The participants came from six tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China. Data analysis was performed using the approach of Colaizzi. According to the framework of TPB, the researchers identified and summarized the themes.

Results

Important advantages (mutual trust, patients' adherence and recovery), disadvantages (workload, short-term ineffective, practice unconfidently), referents (supportive: managers, patients, kinsfolk, nursing culture; unsupportive: some colleagues and patients), barriers (insufficient time or energy, resources situations), and facilitators (access to psychologist, training/education, reminders) were identified. Some demands, such as training diversity, multidisciplinary cooperation and families' support, reflected by doctors and nurses were important for them to carry out psychological care.

Conclusion

According to the TPB, this article explored the internal and external promotion and hindrance factors that affecting the intentions and behaviors of doctors and nurses in implementing psychological care for trauma patients. We also focused on the experience and demands of health professionals in conducting psychological care, which could provide references for managers to formulate corresponding psychological care procedures and norms.
Parents as informal caregivers of children and adolescents with spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative data on the psychosocial situation, caregiver burden, and family needs
Authors: Brandt Maja , Johannsen Lene , Inhestern Laura , Bergelt Corinna
Published: July 2022

Background

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare degenerative neuromuscular disease, mostly occurring in infants and children, leading to muscle wasting and weakness, and premature death. Due to new developments of multiple disease-modifying treatments within the last years, the interest of research in patients affected by SMA increased steadily. However, the psychosocial situation of parents as informal caregivers is still rarely addressed.

Objectives

This review aims to highlight quantitative and qualitative data about the psychosocial situation, caregiver burden, and needs of parents as informal caregivers for children and adolescents with SMA.

Methods

A systematic literature review was performed including quantitative and qualitative original studies focusing on different psychosocial aspects and outcomes for parents of children and adolescents < 21 years of age with SMA type I–IV (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020219020). We searched the following databases in November 2020 with a research update in August 2021: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science.

Results

In total, 24 articles from 23 studies were selected for inclusion (15 quantitative studies, 7 articles from 6 qualitative studies, 2 mixed methods studies). The synthesis of included studies shows multiple sources of psychosocial burden for parents of children and adolescents affected by SMA: Most studies found reduced levels of quality of life, moderate to high levels of caregiver burden and distress, as well as physical and mental health symptoms. Further, findings indicate several unmet family needs regarding information, care coordination, treatment decisions, financial support, and adequate supportive care services.

Conclusion

Parents of children and adolescents with SMA face multiple sources of psychosocial stressors, caregiver burden and various unmet family needs. To unburden families, the needs of parents as caregivers should be included in integrated care paths for SMA to improve their psychosocial situation and thus their ability to care for their children and to treat or prevent physical and mental health problems due to overburdening. Future research should focus not only on quality of life and on caregiving-related burden but should also examine the clinical relevance of reported symptoms to support the implementation of adequate support services for families affected by SMA.
International registry of congenital porto-systemic shunts: a multi-centre, retrospective and prospective registry of neonates, children and adults with congenital porto-systemic shunts
Authors: Korff Simona , Mostaguir Khaled , Beghetti Maurice , D’Antiga Lorenzo , Debray Dominique , Franchi-Abella Stéphanie , Gonzales Emmanuel , Guerin Florent , Hachulla Anne-Lise , Lambert Virginie , Makrythanasis Periklis , Roduit Nicolas , Savale Laurent , Senat Marie-Victoire , Spaltenstein Joël , van Steenbeek Frank , Wildhaber Barbara E. , Zwahlen Marcel , McLin Valérie A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are rare vascular malformations associated with the risk of life-threatening systemic conditions, which remain underdiagnosed and often are identified after considerable diagnostic delay. CPSS are characterized by multiple signs and symptoms, often masquerading as other conditions, progressing over time if the shunt remains patent. Which patients will benefit from shunt closure remains to be clarified, as does the timing and method of closure. In addition, the etiology and pathophysiology of CPSS are both unknowns. This rare disorder needs the strength of numbers to answer these questions, which is the purpose of the international registry of CPSS (IRCPSS).

Method

A retrospective and prospective registry was designed using secuTrial® by the ISO certified Clinical Research Unit. Given that a significant number of cases entered in the registry are retrospective, participants have the opportunity to use a semi-structured minimal or complete data set to facilitate data entry. In addition, the design allows subjects to be entered into the IRCPSS according to clinically relevant events. Emphasis is on longitudinal follow-up of signs and symptoms, which is paramount to garner clinically relevant information to eventually orient patient management. The IRCPSS includes also three specific forms to capture essential radiological, surgical, and cardiopulmonary data as many times as relevant, which are completed by the specialists themselves. Finally, connecting the clinical data registry with a safe image repository, using state-of-the-art pseudonymization software, was another major focus of development. Data quality and stewardship is ensured by a steering committee. All centers participating in the IRCPSS have signed a memorandum of understanding and obtained their own ethical approval.

Conclusion

Through state-of-the-art management of data and imaging, we have developed a practical, user-friendly, international registry to study CPSS in neonates, children, and adults. Via this multicenter and international effort, we will be ready to answer meaningful and urgent questions regarding the management of patients with CPSS, a condition often ridden with significant diagnostic delay contributing to a severe clinical course.
Genotype–phenotype correlations and disease mechanisms in PEX13-related Zellweger spectrum disorders
Authors: Borgia Paola , Baldassari Simona , Pedemonte Nicoletta , Alkhunaizi Ebba , D’Onofrio Gianluca , Tortora Domenico , Calì Elisa , Scudieri Paolo , Balagura Ganna , Musante Ilaria , Diana Maria Cristina , Pedemonte Marina , Vari Maria Stella , Iacomino Michele , Riva Antonella , Chimenz Roberto , Mangano Giuseppe D. , Mohammadi Mohammad Hasan , Toosi Mehran Beiraghi , Ashrafzadeh Farah , Imannezhad Shima , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Accogli Andrea , Schiaffino Maria Cristina , Maghnie Mohamad , Soler Miguel Angel , Echiverri Karl , Abrams Charles K. , Striano Pasquale , Fortuna Sara , Maroofian Reza , Houlden Henry , Zara Federico , Fiorillo Chiara , Salpietro Vincenzo
Published: July 2022

Background

Pathogenic variants in PEX-genes can affect peroxisome assembly and function and cause Zellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs), characterized by variable phenotypes in terms of disease severity, age of onset and clinical presentations. So far, defects in at least 15 PEX-genes have been implicated in Mendelian diseases, but in some of the ultra-rare ZSD subtypes genotype–phenotype correlations and disease mechanisms remain elusive.

Methods

We report five families carrying biallelic variants in PEX13. The identified variants were initially evaluated by using a combination of computational approaches. Immunofluorescence and complementation studies on patient-derived fibroblasts were performed in two patients to investigate the cellular impact of the identified mutations.

Results

Three out of five families carried a recurrent p.Arg294Trp non-synonymous variant. Individuals affected with PEX13-related ZSD presented heterogeneous clinical features, including hypotonia, developmental regression, hearing/vision impairment, progressive spasticity and brain leukodystrophy. Computational predictions highlighted the involvement of the Arg294 residue in PEX13 homodimerization, and the analysis of blind docking predicted that the p.Arg294Trp variant alters the formation of dimers, impairing the stability of the PEX13/PEX14 translocation module. Studies on muscle tissues and patient-derived fibroblasts revealed biochemical alterations of mitochondrial function and identified mislocalized mitochondria and a reduced number of peroxisomes with abnormal PEX13 concentration.

Conclusions

This study expands the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of PEX13-related ZSDs and also highlight a variety of disease mechanisms contributing to PEX13-related clinical phenotypes, including the emerging contribution of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction to the pathophysiology of ZSDs.
Short-term safety results from compassionate use of risdiplam in patients with spinal muscular atrophy in Germany
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Günther René , Ludolph Albert , Schwartz Oliver , Trollmann Regina , Weydt Patrick , Weiler Markus , Neuland Kathrin , Schwaderer Martin Sebastian , Hagenacker Tim ,   the Risdiplam Compassionate Use Program Group
Published: July 2022

Background

The oral, selectiveSMN2-splicing modifier risdiplam obtained European approval in March 2021 for the treatment of patients ≥ 2 months old with a clinical diagnosis of 5q-associated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) 1/2/3 or with 1–4SMN2gene copies. For the preceding 12 months, this compassionate use program (CUP) made risdiplam available to patients with SMA1/2 in Germany who could not receive any approved SMA therapy.

Patients and methods

Patients with SMA1/2, aged ≥ 2 months at enrollment, could be included if they were not eligible for, no longer responsive to, or not able to tolerate nusinersen or not able to receive onasemnogene abeparvovec. Oral risdiplam dosing ranged from 0.2 mg/kg to 5 mg depending on age and weight. All treatment decisions were made by the attending physicians, who were required to report all adverse events (AEs).

Results

Between March 12, 2020 and March 30, 2021, 36 patients with SMA1 and 98 patients with SMA2 were enrolled, with 31 patients and 80 patients receiving ≥ 1 risdiplam dose, respectively. The median (range) age was 10.5 (3–52) years in the SMA1 cohort, and 26.5 (3–60) years in the SMA2 cohort. 22.2% of patients with SMA1 and 48.0% with SMA2 were treatment-naïve. Most patients were not eligible/could not continue to receive nusinersen due to scoliosis/safety risk (SMA1: 75.0%; SMA2: 96.9%), risks associated with sedation (77.8%; 63.3%), or loss of efficacy (30.6%; 12.2%). Safety data were generally in line with the safety profile of risdiplam in ongoing clinical studies. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most common AEs. For patients with SMA1, 30 AEs were reported in 13 cases with 2 serious AEs in 1 patient. For SMA2, 100 AEs were documented in 31 case reports, including 8 serious AEs in 2 patients.

Conclusions

We present the first real-world safety data of risdiplam in patients with SMA in Germany. Our observations indicated no new safety signals under real-world conditions. Real-world SMA1/2 populations comprise considerable numbers of patients who are not eligible for gene therapy and cannot tolerate or have failed nusinersen treatment. This medical need may be addressed by oral risdiplam.
RSPO1-mutated keratinocytes from palmoplantar keratoderma display impaired differentiation, alteration of cell–cell adhesion, EMT-like phenotype and invasiveness properties: implications for squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development
Authors: Dellambra Elena , Cordisco Sonia , Delle Monache Francesca , Bondanza Sergio , Teson Massimo , Nicodemi Ezio Maria , Didona Biagio , Condorelli Angelo Giuseppe , Camerino Giovanna , Castiglia Daniele , Guerra Liliana
Published: July 2022

Background

Secreted R-spondin (RSPO) proteins play a key role in reproductive organ development, epithelial stem cell renewal and cancer induction by reinforcing canonical Wnt signaling. We have previously reported that palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), predisposition to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development and sex reversal segregate as autosomal recessive trait in patients carryingRSPO1-mutations.

Although our previous findings suggested that RSPO1 secreted from fibroblasts regulates keratinocyte growth or differentiation, the role of this protein in the epidermis remains largely unexplored. Our study was aimed at expanding the phenotypic, molecular and functional characterization ofRSPO1-mutated skin and keratinocytes.

Results

Cultured primary keratinocytes from PPK skin of aRSPO1-mutated XX-sex reversed patient displayed highly impaired differentiation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. Interestingly,RSPO1-mutated PPK skin expressed markers of increased proliferation, dedifferentiation and altered cell–cell adhesion. Furthermore, all these signs were more evident in SCC specimens of the patient. Cultured PPK patient’s keratinocytes exhibited increased expression of cell‒matrix adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes. Moreover, they showed invasiveness properties in an organotypic skin model in presence of PPK fibroblasts, which behave like cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, the co-culture with normal fibroblasts or treatment with the recombinant RSPO1 protein did not revert or reduce the EMT-like phenotype and invasion capability of PPK keratinocytes. Notably,RSPO1-mutated PPK fibroblasts induced a hyperproliferative and dedifferentiated phenotype of age-matched normal control plantar keratinocytes. Wnt signaling has a key role in both PPK promotion and SCC development. Accordingly, Wnt mediators were differentially expressed in both PPK keratinocytes and skin specimens ofRSPO1-mutated patient compared to control.

Conclusions

Altogether our data indicate that the absence of RSPO1 in patients with 46XX disorder of sexual development affects the skin microenvironment and epidermal integrity, thus contributing to the risk of SCC tumorigenesis in palmoplantar regions exposed to major frictional stresses.
Implant migration and functional outcome of Reverse Shoulder Lateralized Glenosphere Line Extension System: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jensen Marie Louise , Olsen Bo S. , Nyring Marc R. K. , Yilmaz Müjgan , Petersen Michael M. , Flivik Gunnar , Rasmussen Jeppe V.
Published: July 2022

Background

Inferior scapular notching is a complication unique to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. The most efficient technique to avoid inferior scapular notching has been reported to be lateralization of the glenoid offset. This study aims to compare radiological and functional outcomes of the DELTA Xtend® Reverse Shoulder System Lateralized Glenosphere Line Extension (intervention group) with the Standard DELTA Xtend® Reverse Shoulder System (control group). We hypothesize that the lateralization improves the patient outcome by decreasing the risk of inferior scapular notching without increasing the risk of migration and loosening of glenoid component.

Methods

In this randomized controlled trial, all Danish citizens with rotator cuff arthropathy or degeneration of the glenohumeral joint with severe posterior wear and allocated for a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty at the department of orthopaedic surgery at Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, will be considered for participation. The exclusion criteria are as follows: below 50 years of age, cognitive or linguistic impairment, insufficient glenoid bone stock, previous fracture in the upper extremity and autoimmune-mediated inflammatory arthritis. There will be included a total of 122 patients of which 56 will participate in the radiostereometric analysis. This number of patients allows 20% to drop out. The co-primary outcomes are the pattern and magnitude of the migration of the glenoid component assessed by radiostereometric analysis and the Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder index. The secondary outcomes are inferior scapular notching, patient-reported and functional outcomes (Oxford shoulder score, Constant-Murley score and pain), side effects and complications, changes in bone mineral density and economy. The included patients will be examined before the surgery, within 1 week and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after.

Discussion

No previous studies have compared the conventional reverse shoulder arthroplasty with the lateralized reverse shoulder arthroplasty in a randomized controlled trial regarding migration and functional outcome. Furthermore, radiostereometric analysis has not been used to evaluate the migration of reverse shoulder arthroplasty in a randomized controlled trial. This study intends to determine which treatment has the most optimal outcome for the benefit of future patients with an indication for reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Trial registration

The study has been notified to Pactius and has approval number P-2021-231. Furthermore, the study will be registered on Clinicaltrials.gov before starting the inclusion.
Stromal vascular fraction-enriched fat grafting as treatment of adherent scars: study design of a non-randomized early phase trial
Authors: Vriend Linda , van Dongen Joris A. , Pijpe Anouk , Nieuwenhuis Marianne K. , Jongen Sandra J. M. , Harmsen Martin C. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , van der Lei Berend
Published: July 2022

Background

In the last decades, autologous fat grafting has been used to treat adherent dermal scars. The observed regenerative and scar-reducing properties have been mainly ascribed to the tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (tSVF) in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue’s components augment local angiogenesis and mitosis in resident tissue cells. Moreover, it promotes collagen remodeling. We hypothesize that tSVF potentiates fat grafting-based treatment of adherent scars. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of tSVF-enriched fat grafting on scar pliability over a 12-month period.

Methods and design

A clinical multicenter non-randomized early phase trial will be conducted in two dedicated Dutch Burn Centers (Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, and Martini Hospital, Groningen). After informed consent, 46 patients (≥18 years) with adherent scars caused by burns, necrotic fasciitis, or degloving injury who have an indication for fat grafting will receive a sub-cicatricic tSVF-enriched fat graft. The primary outcome is the change in scar pliability measured by the Cutometer between pre- and 12 months post-grafting. Secondary outcomes are scar pliability (after 3 months), scar erythema, and melanin measured by the DSM II Colormeter; scar quality assessed by the patient and observer scales of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) 2.0; and histological analysis of scar biopsies (voluntary) and tSVF quality and composition. This study has been approved by the Dutch Central Committee for Clinical Research (CCMO), NL72094.000.20.

Conclusion

This study will test the clinical efficacy of tSVF-enriched fat grafting to treat dermal scars while the underlying working mechanism will be probed into too.

Trial registration

Dutch Trial Register NL 8461. Registered on 16 March 2020
S1PR1 regulates NDV-induced IL-1β expression via NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome
Authors: Gao Pei , Zhang Shiyuan , Zhang Xinxin , Xu Chenggang , Chen Libin , Fan Lei , Ren Jinlian , Lin Qiuyan , Xiang Bin , Ren Tao
Published: July 2022

Newcastle disease (ND) is an acute, febrile, and highly contagious disease caused by the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an important pathogen harmful to domestic poultry. Virulent NDV strain infection induces IL-1β expression and along with strong inflammatory response, ultimately results in death. Inhibition or overexpression of S1PR1, an important target for inflammatory disease treatment, regulates IL-1β expression, suggesting that S1PR1 may alter the degree of the inflammatory response induced by NDV infection by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. However, the molecular mechanism by which S1PR1 regulates IL-1β expression remains unclear. Here, we explore the expression and tissue distribution of S1PR1 after NDV infection and found that S1PR1 expression increased in the lungs, bursa of Fabricius, and DF-1. IL-1β expression induced by NDV was increased following treatment of cells with the S1PR1-specific agonist, SEW2871. In contrast, IL-1β expression induced by NDV was decreased after cells were treated with the S1PR1 inhibitor W146, suggesting that S1PR1 promotes NDV-induced IL-1β expression. Further investigation demonstrated that NDV induced IL-1β expression through p38, JNK/MAPK, and NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling molecules and S1PR1 affected the expression of IL-1β by activating the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome but had no significant effect on p38 and JNK/MAPK. Our study shows that NDV infection promotes S1PR1 expression and induces IL-1β expression through p38, JNK/MAPK, and NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasomes and that S1PR1 regulates IL-1β expression mainly through the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome.
Practical considerations for navigating the regulatory landscape of non-clinical studies for clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Korde Aruna , Mikolajczak Renata , Kolenc Petra , Bouziotis Penelope , Westin Hadis , Lauritzen Mette , Koole Michel , Herth Matthias Manfred , Bardiès Manuel , Martins Andre F. , Paulo Antonio , Lyashchenko Serge K. , Todde Sergio , Nag Sangram , Lamprou Efthimis , Abrunhosa Antero , Giammarile Francesco , Decristoforo Clemens
Published: July 2022

Background

The development of radiopharmaceuticals requires extensive evaluation before they can be applied in a diagnostic or therapeutic setting in Nuclear Medicine. Chemical, radiochemical, and pharmaceutical parameters must be established and verified to ensure the quality of these novel products.

Main body

To provide supportive evidence for the expected human in vivo behaviour, particularly related to safety and efficacy, additional tests, often referred to as “non-clinical” or “preclinical” are mandatory. This document is an outcome of a Technical Meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency. It summarises the considerations necessary for non-clinical studies to accommodate the regulatory requirements for clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals. These considerations include non-clinical pharmacology, radiation exposure and effects, toxicological studies, pharmacokinetic modelling, and imaging studies. Additionally, standardisation of different specific clinical applications is discussed.

Conclusion

This document is intended as a guide for radiopharmaceutical scientists, Nuclear Medicine specialists, and regulatory professionals to bring innovative diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals into the clinical evaluation process in a safe and effective way.
Prioritizing indigenous health equity in health registers: an environmental scan of strategies for equitable ascertainment and quality data
Authors: Wright Karen , Dehar Aria , Stott N. Susan , Mackey Anna , Sorhage Alexandra , Tapera Rachel , Williams Sîan A.
Published: July 2022

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) registers serve as instrumental tools to support development of care pathways, preventative strategies, and health gains. Such health gains, however, are not always universal, with Indigenous health inequities common. To support Indigenous health, health registers need complete, consistent, and high-quality data. The aim of this study was to identify perceived barriers to the ascertainment of Indigenous peoples on health registers and to collate strategies supporting comprehensive ascertainment and achievement of high-quality Indigenous data.

Methods

Environmental scanning methods were utilized within a Kaupapa Māori theoretical framework, which aims to produce research that is transformational and supportive of Indigenous health gain. Knowledge and insights were obtained from CP registers in countries with Indigenous populations and complemented by information from health registers in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Data collection methods included an online survey and scan of organizational websites. Data extraction focused on general information about the register, barriers to ascertainment, and strategies to support ascertainment and high data quality.

Results

52 registers were identified, 20 completed the survey and 19 included in the study (CP registers, n = 10, NZ health registers, n = 9). Web scan data were included for the other 32 registers (CP registers, n = 21, NZ health registers, n = 11). Indigenous health equity was identified in the visions and aims of only two health registers. Ethnicity data collection was identified in nearly three quarters of survey respondents and a limited number of organizational websites. Over half of survey respondents described system, health provider/service, or workforce barriers to ascertainment. Strategies were categorized into collaboration, health provider/service, workforce, and systems-levels. Indigenous-specific strategies were limited and focused on personal behaviour and access to registration.

Conclusions

CP and other health registers can have a significant role in identifying and addressing Indigenous health inequities. However, this is not currently an overt priority for many registers in this study and few registers describe ascertainment and data quality strategies specific to Indigenous peoples. Significant opportunity exists for health registers to be accountable and to implement approaches to support Indigenous health equity, address structural determinants of inequities, and achieve health gain for all.
Multi-detector CT chest: can it omit the further need for contrast enhnaced spectral mammography in breast cancer patients candidate for CT staging?
Authors: Rahman Rasha Wessam Abdel , Al-Dhurani Salwa Yahya Ahmed , Radwan Amira Hamed , Mohamed Ahmed Abdellatif , Kamal Eman Faker
Published: July 2022

Background

During multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) of the chest, incidental breast lesions (IBLs) are occasionally encountered. Mammography remains the gold standard for the early detection of breast cancer. However, limitations exist in patients with dense breasts. Contrast spectral mammography (CESM) is widely available compared to MRI; it increases the sensitivity for breast cancer detection without decreasing the specificity.

Results

The study is a prospective study that included 113 female breast cancer patients for CT staging. One hundred and six of the patients had unilateral carcinoma and 7 of them had bilateral cancer with a total of 120 breasts evaluated. The CT findings were correlated with CESM findings regarding the multiplicity and bilaterality of the disease. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the CT in the detection of multiplicity were 97.44%, 100%, 100%, 95.45%, and 98.33%, respectively, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of the CT in the detection of bilateral disease were 68.18%, 97.96%, 88.24%, 93.20%, and 92.50%, respectively.

Conclusions

Breast cancer patients for MDCT chest as a part of their metastatic workup can omit the further need for CESM.
Not Just an Anchor: The Human Filum Terminale Contains Stretch Sensitive and Nociceptive Nerve Endings and Responds to Electrical Stimulation With Paraspinal Muscle Activation
Authors: Klinge Petra M. , McElroy Abigail , Leary Owen P. , Donahue John E. , Mumford Andrew , Brinker Thomas , Gokaslan Ziya L.
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND:

Neural components of the fibrous filum terminale (FT) are well known but are considered as embryonic remnants without functionality.

OBJECTIVE:

To investigate the ultrastructure of human FT specimens for sensory nerve endings and record paraspinal muscle activity on electrostimulation of the FT.

METHODS:

We prospectively investigated a cohort of 53 patients who underwent excision of the FT for the treatment of tethered cord syndrome. Surgical FT specimens were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy. Intraoperative electrophysiological routine monitoring was extended by recording paraspinal muscles above and below the laminotomy level.

RESULTS:

Light microscopy revealed tiny peripheral nerves piercing the pia mater of the FT and entering its fibrous core. Transmission electron microscopy unveiled within the fibrous core of the FT myelinated nerve structures in 8 of the 53 patients and unmyelinated ones in 10 of the 53 patients. Both nerve endings encapsulated in fibrous tissue or unencapsulated nonmyelinated Schwann cell nerve bundles, that is, Remak cells, were found. Those nerve endings resembled mechanoreceptor and nociceptive receptor structures found in human skin, muscle tendons, and skeletal ligaments. Specifically, we found Ruffini mechanoreceptors and in addition nerve endings which resembled nociceptive glioneural structures of the skin. Bipolar electrostimulation of the FT was associated with paraspinal muscle activity above and below the spinal segment at which the FT was stimulated.

CONCLUSION:

Morphological and electrophysiological results indicate the presence of functional sensory nerve endings in the FT. Like other spine ligaments, the FT may serve as a proprioceptive element but may also contribute to back pain in spine disorders.
Model Study on the Catalytic Cycle of Glutathione Peroxidase Utilizing Selenocysteine-Containing Tripeptides: Elucidation of the Protective Bypass Mechanism Involving Selenocysteine Selenenic Acids
Authors: Masuda Ryosuke , Kuwano Satoru , Sase Shohei , Bortoli Marco , Madabeni Andrea , Orian Laura , Goto Kei
Published: July 2022

Although much attention has been paid to chemical elucidation of the catalytic cycle of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), it has been hampered by instability of selenocysteine selenenic acid (Sec–SeOH) intermediates. In this study, not only chemical processes of the canonical catalytic cycle but also those involved in the bypass mechanism, including the intramolecular cyclization of a Sec–SeOH to the corresponding five-membered ring selenenyl amide were demonstrated experimentally by utilizing selenopeptide model systems in which reactive intermediates can be stabilized by a nano-sized molecular cradle. The resulting cyclic selenenyl amide exhibited higher durability under oxidative conditions than in the state of a Sec–SeOH, corroborating its role as the protective form of GPx. The cyclization of Sec–SeOHs of the Sec-Gly-Thr and Sec-Gly-Lys models, which mimic the catalytic site of isozymes GPx1 and GPx4, respectively, was found to proceed at lower temperature than in the Sec-Gly-Gly model, which corresponds to the generalized form of the tripeptides in the catalytic site of GPx. The role of the hydrogen-bond accepting moieties in the cyclization process was elucidated by DFT calculation. It was indicated that, if the selenocysteine centers are incorporated in appropriate microenvironments, the bypass mechanism can function efficiently.
Qudi-HiM: an open-source acquisition software package for highly multiplexed sequential and combinatorial optical imaging
Authors: Barho Franziska , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Bardou Marion , Messina Olivier , Martiniere Alexandre , Houbron Christophe , NOLLMANN Marcelo
Published: July 2022

Multiplexed sequential and combinatorial imaging enables the simultaneous detection of multiple biological molecules, e.g. proteins, DNA, or RNA, enabling single-cell spatial multi-omics measurements at sub-cellular resolution. Recently, we designed a multiplexed imaging approach (Hi-M) to study the spatial organization of chromatin in single cells. In order to enable Hi-M sequential imaging on custom microscope setups, we developed Qudi-HiM, a modular software package written in Python 3. Qudi-HiM contains modules to automate the robust acquisition of thousands of three-dimensional multicolor microscopy images, the handling of microfluidics devices, and the remote monitoring of ongoing acquisitions and real-time analysis. In addition, Qudi-HiM can be used as a stand-alone tool for other imaging modalities.
Rede tecnopolítica e territórios nas Olimpíadas no Rio
Authors: Egler Tamara Tania Cohen , Azevedo de Oliveira Fabiana Mabel , Da Silva Heitor Ney Mathias
Published: July 2022

Esse artigo tem por objeto de investigação demonstrar como redes tecnopolíticas transforam o território, para isso o objeto de investigação está construído na articulação de agentes que formam uma rede tecnopolítica para a concepção, construção e realização dos ogos olímpicos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, em 2016. Para tanto se interroga: Que territórios foram produzidos pela rede focada nos Jogos Olímpicos do Rio de Janeiro?  Quem os produziu? E de que forma? Essas perguntas, que movem a nossa reflexão, têm por objetivo analisar como a inovação tecnológica a articulação de diferentes atores e a a fluidez de narrativas, pode se constituir em importante estratégia de ação na política urbana.  Essa pesquisa nos habilita a demonstrar a hipótese queconsidera que essa rede tecnopolítica não só redefine os atores que participam da política urbana, como também transforma o poder sobre o território e as condições de apropriação do espaço. Estamos diante de atores, nacionais e internacionais, que se associaram na transversalidade dos campos, se comunicaram por inovação tecnológica e transformaram as condições de existência social na cidade do Rio de Janeiro em benefício de suas corporações.
Ofensiva neoliberal, metropolização do espaço e megarregião Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo: um olhar para as redes ferroviárias
Authors: Germano André Luiz Nascimento
Published: July 2022

A partir dos conteúdos da geografia econômica e da economia política, neste trabalho busca-se colocar em evidência o contexto de ofensiva neoliberal e a forma que o Estado e os empreendimentos estão lidando com as ferrovias, impulsionando e sendo impulsionados por vetores da metropolização do espaço e das tendencias de uma urbanização regional expressiva no sudeste do país. Portanto, a partir do debate sobre a metropolização do espaço e a constituição da megarregião Rio de Janeiro – São Paulo, evidencia-se o papel das linhas férreas num contexto de ofensiva neoliberal. Busca-se observar planos e audiências públicas recentes sobre as malhas ferroviárias do Rio de Janeiro e as preocupações do Governo Federal – este último abertamente comprometido com uma ofensiva neoliberal que há muito não se via no país – com o sistema ferroviário nacional.
Norte Fluminense: uma região petrodependente
Authors: Brandão Carlos Antonio
Published: July 2022

Resenha do novo livro lançado sobre a região norte fluminense, organizado pela professora Rosélia Piquet, publicado em 2021.
Estratégias de desenvolvimento a partir do mar
Authors: Santos Thauan , Hasenclever Lia , Mendes Heitor Soares
Published: July 2022

Resumo expandido da proposta de dossiê temático, intitulada "estratégias de desenvolvimento a partir do mar",  organizada pelos professores Thauan Santos, Lia Hasenclever e Heitor Mendes.
Gestores e Gestão Pública: impactos e repercussões no Estado e na Sociedade
Authors: Zampa Vivian Cristina da Silva , Mazzurana Leonardo , Godinho de Oliveira Floriano José , Flor Marcia Cristina Silva
Published: July 2022

Resumo expandido da chamada para artigos do dossiê do segundo semestre.
Uma agenda para o desenvolvimento do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Godinho de Oliveira Floriano José
Published: July 2022

Editorial da edição 22.
The place of distance learning in the general system of teaching philology students
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Demchenko N. A.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of distance learning of foreign language for students of philology. It attacks the problem of method choice, forms, teaching aids for the formation of communication competence. The methods of analysis, generalization and systematization of the results of scientific research are considered. Existing distance learning technologies are analyzed and the effectiveness of some learning process for philology students using so called Blended Learning technology is substantiated. The conditions for interpersonal communication and the formation of the communicative competence of students in full-time classes as well as the possibility of developing independence, responsibility, and the ability to use information technology when working with online platforms are explored. The features of a distance form of communication for real-time videoconferencing are considered replacing face-to-face communication between a teacher and students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The expediency of the learning process organization on the Teams platform both in full-time classes and independent work of philology students is analyzed. Some provisions of the main manifestations of the linguistic and didactic potential of distance learning are considered in the context of the correspondence form of training of future linguists. Distance learning is an effective form that allows one to significantly increase the efficiency of the system of distance learning of students in foreign language communication. The study of the potential possibilities of such a form, the development of certain concepts and technologies within the framework of this theory contributes to the optimization of the educational activities of students.
Linguistic and methodological competence of foreign language teachers (professionall characteristic)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Koknova T. A.
Published: July 2022

The article presents a model characteristic of teachers with established linguistic and methodological competence, who are able to work effectively and efficiently in the higher establishment and carry out educational activities with students in various specialties. The concepts of «linguistic and methodological competence» and «model characteristic» are considered; it was determined that the specifics of the professional portfolio of a foreign language teachers with the established linguistic and methodological competence. It has been determined that the mandatory characteristics of a foreign language teacher working with applicants of various profiles should be characterized by: general and special education, knowledge of the discipline taught; demonstrate professional excellence; be professionally passionate; the ability for pedagogical openness, creativity, initiative and activity. The study found that teachers of foreign languages will be determined to create innovative technologies or contribute to their optimization for educational purposes, gravitate towards innovation and scientific and pedagogical creativity, will be motivated to self-improvement and reflection. It has been established that the setting of foreign language teachers for cooperation with future teachers of foreign languages is due to the individual and personal characteristics of the teacher, his professional attitudes and self-esteem. It has been determined that it is expedient in the process of carrying out productive pedagogical activity that the teacher himself transforms the value-motivational sphere of the future teacher of a foreign language, activates the processes of self-development and reflection, stimulates both his own interest and the interest of future teachers of foreign languages in professional activity in general and for his self-realization in it. It has been established that a harmonious combination of external and internal installations; the individual and professional qualities of the teacher, demonstrating his desire, readiness and ability for subjective communication with participants in the educational process, determines the author's style of work of the teacher, involved in the process of forming professional competence of future teachers of foreign languages. Orientation to self-development determines a powerful cognitive interest in educational activities, its creative orientation, the ability to help and cooperate with undergraduates. It is concluded that the professional self-realization of the subjects and objects of the educational process is carried out with the help of their subject-subject nature of interaction, which provides for the coordinated activity of the participants in the educational process, aimed at achieving professional goals and contributing to professional growth in general, and the formation of their professional competence.
Linguistic unit «address»: the main aspects of linguistic study
Authors:   Poltava Institute of Economics and Law University ", Ryabokin N. O. ,   Ukraine", Torba O. A. ,   Poltava Institute of Economics and Law University "Ukraine"
Published: July 2022

The main aspects of linguistic study of the language unit «address» in domestic and foreign linguistics are considered in the article. Different approaches to the concept of «address», structural and functional features of address, classification of address based on linguistic status, situation and participants in communication, as well as morphological and semantic characteristics of address were considered. It was noted that when considering the address only as an element of the syntactic structure the huge number of uses of the address in various language situations is not taken into account. The systemic-and-structural approach does not take into account the social «addressee factor», which determines the specificity of the most numerous and diverse in semantic, stylistic and communicative-pragmatic terms of the group of addresses – address to the person (addressee, interlocutor). It is obvious that the semantic richness and diversity of the functions of human-to-human address is far from being limited to the name of the addressee and the attraction of his attention. There is a need to study appeals in the communicative-pragmatic aspect. Addresses are and will be an integral part of communication in any country. Every nation, every culture hasits own traditionally established national forms of addressing people. Without knowing the specifics of addressing people in a country and their misuse can lead to awkward and unpleasant situations that may even offend the interlocutor.
Structural-nominative typology of the units of trade and economic terminology: terminological words and juxtaposition terms
Authors:   Lanzhou City University, Wei Wei
Published: July 2022

Depending on the features of their structure and nominative potential, trade and economic terms demonstrate rather a branched typology. This group of terms has been already studied by different linguists. However, we can observe lack of unified principles of ordering of the available nominative-structural typologies. That determines the necessity of analyzing, in particular, trade and economic terminology as a system of units requiring certain ordering and classification. Objective of the paper is to define a structural-nominative typology of the units of trade and economic terminology. To achieve the objective, the following problems should be solved: 1) singling out of the approaches to the terminology classification; 2) classification of the terms from the viewpoint of nominative and structural principles. Research methods and methodologies. To select the factual material meeting the research topic, a continuous sampling method has been applied. To develop the classification, a technique of classifying within the framework of descriptive and structural methods is used. The terminological material has shown that quite a great number of monolexeme terms function within the system under consideration. Two-component terms are the most popular among the poly-component ones. Three-word and four-word terms are not so active in their functioning. The least activity is detected in terms of the units containing more than four components: they are contracted automatically into abbreviations. The trade and economic terminology includes sufficient number of units characterized by different structure. The terminological words are expressed by substantives, adjectives, and verbal units. There is also a tendency to increasing number of juxtaposition units. Their attribution to a group of terminological words is determined by the semantics of a grammatical term “juxtaposition unit”.
Strategies for counteracting social engineering attacks
Authors: Fatima Rubia , Yasin Affan , Liu Lin , Jianmin Wang
Published: July 2022

As the result of a five-year project investigating social engineering attacks, researchers at Tsinghua University, China have identified a number of strategies that organisations can use to protect themselves. However, they warn that there is no single strategy that works for all forms of attack. And when choosing the right methods it's essential to consider the context, the environment and the available facilities.
Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (Runx2) Measurement in Phytoestrogen-Induced Bone: A Comparison of Western Blot and Immunohistochemistry Methods
Authors: Ma’arif Burhan , Sholihah Fariza Amanatul , Mahardiani Anisah , Fauziyah Begum , Mirza Denis Mery , Agil Mangestuti
Published: July 2022

Estrogen deficiency can contribute to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Phytoestrogens are becoming more widely recognized as potential estrogen replacement therapy. The administration of phytoestrogens can cause bone formation, which is marked by an increase in Runx2 expression in osteoblast cells and can be seen using western blot and immunohistochemistry approaches. This review aimed to compare the detection methods of Runx2 in phytoestrogen-induced bone tissue using western blots and immunohistochemistry. Selectivity, sensitivity, processing time, and cost-effectiveness were the parameters that were compared. This review was done by identifying articles in several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct). The process of selecting the articles used the PRISMA guidelines to create a flowchart with inclusion and exclusion study criteria. Meta-synthesis was done to analyze, identify, and interpret all of the data in the articles systematically. 70 articles in total were obtained from the selection process, with 21 articles being relevant to the topic. The result shows that the selectivity and sensitivity of western blot for detecting Runx2 on tissue were 93.5–100%, respectively, whereas immunohistochemistry selectivity and sensitivity were 45–99.5%, respectively. Compared to immunohistochemistry, western blot can save up to 57.26%. Immunohistochemistry takes 46 hours to process, while Western blot takes 25 hours and 20 minutes. In comparison to immunohistochemistry, the western blot is more selective, sensitive, rapid and affordable for detecting Runx2 in bone tissue.