bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Фізико-хімічні показники м’яких та зрілих сирів з молока від різних порід кіз
Authors: Карбан Ю. В.
Published: October 2024

Робота була спрямована на дослідження фізико-хімічних показників м’яких та зрілих сирів в різні періоди року. Дослідження було проведено в умовах ФГ « Добро-крафт» та експертному центру «Milk Lokal Product» на базі Полтавського державного аграрного університету. Для експеременту були сформовані 3 групи кіз: перша – козематки зааненської породи, друга – англо-нубійської породи, третя – альпійської порід. Для вивчення сиру було відібране молоко від кіз різних порід та в різні пори року (весна, літо та осінь) та проведена варка сиру за технологічними картами виготовлення м’яких свіжих та зрілих сирів. М’який сир був доправлений до лабораторії на другий день після приготування. Зрілий сир було закладено на визрівання в підвальне приміщення при температурі повітря 10°С та відносної вологості повітря 60–70 % терміном 6 місяців. У процесі досліджень визначили фізико-хімічні показники м’якого та зрілого сиру, такі як: масова частка жиру в сухій речовині, масова частка вологи, масова частка кухонної солі, масова частка білку. Встановлено, що фізико-хімічні показники м’якого та зрілого козиного сиру є неоднаковими та залежать від породи і пори року. Так , при вивченні м’якого сиру у різні пори року мінімальний показник масової частки жиру в сухій речовині в цьому продукті був у зааненських кіз, а у англо-нубійських був максимальним, де максимальна різниця становила 9,4 % (р<0,01) (весна) і 10,8 % (р<0,001) (осінь). При цьому м’який сир від кіз альпійської породи характеризувався вірогідно меншою насиченістю вологою відносно інших досліджуваних порід. Визначення якості зрілого козиного сиру у весняний період, встановило вірогідну різницю за масовою часткою жиру і білку в сухій речовині де мінімальний показник спостерігався в зааненської породи, який вірогідно менший порівняно англо – нубійською і альпійської породами. За масовою часткою вологи спостерігається зворотна закономірність перерозподілу показників у даних порід кіз. Для виготовлення м’якого та зрілого козиного сиру найбільш придатні для сироваріння кози англо-нубійської та альпійської порід. Найбільш біологічно повноцінні м’які сири виготовляються у весняний і осінній періоди року, а зрілі сири– літній та осінній.
Визначення важких металів у свіжовиловленій рибі з річки Дніпро (Україна)
Authors: Кручиненко О. В. , Михайлютенко С. М. , Клименко О. С. , Кравченко С. О.
Published: October 2024

Важкі метали є поширеними мікрозабруднювачами і вважаються проблемою в усьому світі. Більшість важких металів міститься у стічних водах заводів і ферм, які зазвичай скидаються в озера та річки. Риба є основним продуктом харчування у багатьох регіонах світу. Водночас, у своїх зябрах, нирках, печінці, кишечнику та м’язах риби можуть накопичувати більше важких металів, ніж у воді. На теренах України недостатньо уваги приділено вивченню вмісту хімічних елементів у рибі, зокрема у м’язах. Тому метою дослідження було визначити вміст важких металів у спинних м’язах риби Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758). За результатами проведених досліджень визначено концентрацію важких металів (Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Zn, Hg) у м’язах свіжовиловленої риби з річки Дніпро у Полтавській області. Дослідження проведено методом атомно-абсорбційної спектрометрії на базі Регіональної державної лабораторії ветеринарної медицини в Полтавській області. Для попарного порівняння результатів використовували критерій Манна-Вітні. Значущими вважались відмінності між показниками у групах за P < 0,05. На двох ринках міста Полтава у весняний період були відібрані зразки риби (n=5), виловленої з річки Дніпро. Зразки негайно охолоджували, транспортували у лабораторію та до подальшого аналізу зберігали за -20 °C. Встановлено середні показники концентрації окремих токсичних елементів у м’язах карасів. Виявлено, що вміст свинцю у пробах із Центрального ринку становив 0,2±0,01, а з Ринку «Браїлки» 0,3±0,01 мг/кг (P < 0,01). У ході досліджень з’ясовано, що концентрація кадмію у м’язах риби, придбаної на Ринку «Браїлки», була вірогідно вищою (0,06±0,01), ніж на ЦР 0,04±0,01 мг/кг (P < 0,01). Рівень Cu, Zn, As та Hg у спинних м’язах свіжовиловленої риби з двох локацій не був статистично значущим. У наших дослідженнях ранжувальний ряд за рівнем важких металів поданий таким чином: Zn>Cu>Pb>As>Hg>Cd. Досліджені проби риби, що надходили на Центральний ринок та ринок «Браїлки» міста Полтави, були безпечними щодо вмісту важких металів, оскільки не зафіксовано у жодній пробі перевищення рівня гранично допустимої концентрації.
Anthelmintic effectiveness of modern preparations against Heterakis gallinarum nematodes parasitizing in chickens
Authors: Omelchenko O.
Published: October 2024

In poultry farming, heterakosis is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases and causes significant damage to the industry. At present, for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of poultry for this infestation, manufacturers have offered a sufficient number of preparations that have nematocide effect. At the same time, the effectiveness of anthelmintic preparations available on the domestic market has not always been studied and highlighted in scientific papers. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of preparations with different active substances and different methods of application for spontaneous chicken heterakosis. Anthelmintics in the form of powder – Levamisole 80 (the active substance is levamisole hydrochloride) and Albendazole Ultra 10 % (the active substance is albendazole), as well as in the form of the solution and suspension with the analogous active substances – Levamisole-plus 10 % and Albendazole 10 %, were tested. A high effectiveness of Levamisole-plus 10 % for chicken heterakosis was established by the conducted studies, where on the 14th day of the experiment, the extense- and intenseeffectiveness reached 100 %. The efficacy indicators of this preparation on the 3rd day were 70 and 95.44 %, respectively, and on the 7th day they already reached 100 %. Albendazole suspension and Levamisole 80 turned out to be moderately effective. The indicators of extense- and intenseeffectiveness on the 14th day of treatment with Albendazole suspension were 80 and 95.67 %, and with Levamisole 80 – 80 and 78.78 %. During the experiment, the effectiveness of Albendazole suspension gradually increased and was 60 and 91.63 % on the 3rd day and 80 and 96.57 % on the 7th day, respectively. When applying Levamisole 80 to the diseased poultry, the indicators of extenseeffectiveness increased from the 3rd to the 7th day from 30 to 80 %, and intense-effectiveness decreased from 83.77 to 81.13 %. Albendazole Ultra10 % preparation turned out to be insufficiently effective: its indicators of extense- and intenseeffectiveness on the 14th day of the experiment made 60 and 73.93 %, respectively. During the experiment, the efficacy indicators of Albendazole Ultra 10% gradually increased from the 3rd to the 7th day – from 20 to 80 % and from 76.45 to 76.71 %. On the 14th day, the indicators of extenseeffectiveness remained at the same level, and those of intenseeffectiveness decreased. The obtained results of experimental studies allow recommend Levamisole-plus 10 % anthelmintic preparation for effective control and prevention of chicken heterakosis.
Зміни клінічних показників у собак із дилатаційною кардіоміопатією
Authors: Звенігородська Т. В. , Шепель К. Ю. , Дехнич І. С.
Published: October 2024

Дилатаційна кардіоміопатія (ДКМП) є одним із найпоширеніших набутих захворювань серця як у собак так і в людини. Вона може протікати як з вираженими симптомами так і мати прихований характер. Саме тому нашою метою стало дослідити та оцінити частоту виникнення клінічних показників стану собак з дилатаційною кардіоміопатією в залежності від функціонального класу синдрому серцевої недостатності. Для вирішення завдань в навчально-науково-виробничій клініці Полтавського ДАУ було відібрано за останній рік 36 собак та розділено по групам, в залежності від функціонального класу серцевої недостатності, за модифікованою схемою, розміщеною на сайті New York Heart Association. У дослідженні оцінено клінічні прояви дилатаційної кардіоміопатії у собак з різними функціональними класами серцевої недостатності. Виявлено статистично вірогідне підвищення швидкості наповнення капілярів (P<0,05 та P<0,001 у собак ІІІ та ІV функціональних класів) та зниження температури тіла (P<0,001 у собак ІV функціонального класу). Виявлено зростання серцевих скорочень в 1,1; 1,4 та 1,7 разів під час огляду та 1,3; 1,6 та 2,5 разів в стані спокою відповідно в порівнянні з клінічно здоровими тваринами, а тахіпное проявило позитивну кореляцію з тяжкістю захворювання. Периферичні набряки та асцит реєструвалися рідше, проте їх частота зростала у більш пізніх класах. Задишка була раннім симптомом патології. Ціаноз слизових оболонок і дифузний серцевий поштовх відмічалися у собак ІІІ та ІV функціональних класів серцевої недостатності. Виявлено зростаючу частоту систолічного шуму, залежного від стадії захворювання. Частота сухого кашлю збільшувалася у собак із серцевою недостатністю II–IV функціонального класу (50, 66,7 та 66,7 % відповідно). Результати підкреслюють необхідність ранньої діагностики для ефективного лікування кардіоміопатії у собак.
Parasitic contamination of environmental objects with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus in the city of Poltava
Authors: Dolhin O.
Published: October 2024

The spreading of dog digestive tract helminthoses, including trichurosis, still remains a topical problem, where one of the factors of significant infestations’ spreading is the contamination of the environment with parasites’ eggs, which can be preserved in the environment for a long time and cause infestation of susceptible animals. Therefore, one of the important factors in maintaining veterinary well-being in relation to dog trichurosis is establishing the contamination level of environmental objects by propagative stages of nematode development. The purpose of the research was to determine contamination indicators of sand and soil in the city of Poltava with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus. The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory of parasitology of Poltava State Agrarian University. Sand samples from sandboxes located on the territory of the city of Poltava, as well as soil from the territories adjacent to them were studied. The main contamination indicators were the extensive contamination index and intensive contamination index. It was revealed by the conducted research that 61 out of 90 sandboxes in the city of Poltava were contaminated with nematode eggs of Trichuris genus, where the extensive contamination index made 67.78 %, and the intensive contamination index made 195.79±18.41 eggs/kg. The territory of Kyiv district was the most contaminated with nematode eggs, where 25 out of 30 sandboxes were contaminated with propagative stages of trichurises development, and the level of parasites’ contamination was 83.33 % and 218.91±17.27 eggs/kg. It was found that the most infected sand was taken from the surface at the edges of the sandbox, near its walls, where the extensive and intensive contamination indices made 41.11 % and 320.27±35.43 eggs/kg, respectively. Also, high rates of parasitic infestation were found during studying the soil, taken from the surface at a distance of 1 m from the sandbox, where, on the average, the extensive contamination index was 46.67 %, and the intensive contamination index was 263.90±28.87 eggs/kg. With an increase in the sampling depth, the indicators of contamination with trichurises’ eggs decreased and amounted to: on the surface – 36.67–46.67 % and 120.37–320.7 eggs/kg, at a depth of 5 cm – 14.44–30.00 % and 80.77–274.07 eggs/kg, and at a depth of 10 cm – 8.89–20.00 % and 62.50–125.00 eggs/kg. The obtained results of parasitological studies prove that the territory of sandboxes is a real factor in the transmission of invasive agents, which must be taken into account in assessing the risks of infecting dogs with trichurosis causative agent.
Working Alliance and Empowerment in Group versus Individual Internet-Based Treatment: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Duddeck Laura , Schulz Ava , Renneberg Babette , Berger Thomas , Boettcher Johanna
Published: October 2024

Internet-based interventions offer promise for addressing the growing demand for psychological support, but the mechanisms driving their effectiveness remain unclear. This study investigates the roles of empowerment and working alliance in reducing social anxiety and improving adherence in a clinician-guided group (GT) versus a clinician-guided individual treatments (IT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). A total of 120 individuals meeting SAD diagnostic criteria were randomised into one of two active conditions. Both, empowerment and working alliance were repeatedly assessed, and their effects on social anxiety and adherence (measured by completed exercises) were analysed through correlations, t-tests, and mediation models. Results showed no significant differences in empowerment between GT and IT in empowerment or alliance, though both improved throughout the intervention. GT showed early alliance advantages, while IT had slightly better adherence and a stronger relationship between empowerment and adherence. No mediation effects were found. This study is among the first to show that online interventions can enhance empowerment. However, neither group nor individual treatment proved superior in enhancing empowerment or alliance. Further research is needed to clarify how these factors contribute to reducing social anxiety symptoms.
Perception of phonetic details in multiple cues: An individual approach
Authors: Gao Jiayin
Published: October 2024

There is an unresolved debate as to whether speech perception is essentially categorical or gradient. How phonetic details are processed is a crucial argument in this debate. Studies have long revealed individual differences in the perception of phonetic details. While the traditional position considers that a heightened sensitivity to phonetic details is detrimental to the formation and processing of phonological categories, more recent views suggest that individuals who are sensitive to phonetic details are able to pick up all available cues in phonological categorisation. To investigate the latter issue, the present study examines individual differences in processing primary and secondary cues to the French voicing contrast, by further breaking down listeners' behavioural performances into pre-categorisation and categorisation levels and comparing the strengths of correlations among all performances. Results show strong positive correlations between sensitivities to VOT and F0 when the cue is redundant or when the task concerns within-category discrimination. Correlations between sensitivities to cues become weaker when the task involves category mapping, and then become absent when a categorisation decision needs to be made. It suggests that the causal link between low-level and high-level sensitivities to cues is probably weak or blurred by other mechanisms. In line with recent neurophysiological evidence, these findings suggest that individuals not only differ in low-level perception in that some listeners detect fine-grained details more than others, but also in their retention of phonetic details from low-level to high-level processing. The paper will be concluded with a discussion on the role of individual variations in the perception of multiple cues on multiple levels and their implications for the definition of categoricalness in speech perception models.
Association of water, sanitation and hygiene and animal ownership with relapse to acute malnutrition following recovery from severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in Mali, South Sudan and Somalia: a multi-site prospective cohort study
Authors: D'Mello-Guyett Lauren , King Sarah , Chabi Sherifath Mama , Mohamud Feysal Absdisalan , Lamaka Nancy Grace , Agong John , Mohamed Malyun , Kone Karim , Gallandat Karin , Gose Mesfin , Omar Mohamed Sheikh , Bunkembo Magloire , Trehan Indi , Marshak Anastasia , Ayoub Khamisa , Olad Ahmed Hersi , Aliou Bagayogo , Stobaugh Heather , Cumming Oliver
Published: October 2024

Objective: Children treated through Community Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) programmes often relapse to acute malnutrition (AM) following recovery and discharge. This study aimed to assess whether relapse was associated with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions, and animal ownership. Design: A multi-country prospective cohort study in Mali, South Sudan and Somalia. Participants: 1115 children were enrolled between April 2021 and June 2022 with 964 children included in the analysis, 242 in Mali, 488 in South Sudan, and 234 in Somalia. Results: Within six months of discharge from CMAM, 32%, 63% and 21% of children relapsed to AM in Mali, South Sudan and Somalia, respectively. In Mali, using multiple drinking water sources and a lack of soap in the household was associated with an increased risk of relapse to AM (aRR1.71, 95% CI:1.21-2.43, p=0.003 and aRR1.71, 95% CI:1.03-2.82, p=0.037). In South Sudan, use of inadequate drinking water sources, open defecation and compounds with observable animal faeces were associated with an increased risk of relapse to AM (aRR1.20, 95% CI:1.04-1.38, p=0.010; aRR1.16, 95% CI:1.03-1.30, p=0.016; aRR1.13, 95% CI:1.02-1.26, p=0.019, respectively). Ownership of sheep (aRR0.57, 95% CI:0.40-0.81, p=0.002) and cattle (aRR0.78, 95% CI:0.71-0.85, p=<0.001) were protective in Mali and South Sudan, respectively. In Somalia, we did not identify WASH or animal-related risk factors for relapse.Conclusions: Inadequate WASH conditions were identified as risk factors for relapse. Although heterogeneous across sites, the associated risk factors may help to identify at-risk children during treatment and inform future strategies to prevent relapse post-recovery.
Digital Data and Population Studies
Authors: Rowe Francisco , González-Leonardo Miguel
Published: October 2024

Technological advances have enabled the development and proliferation of digital data through the production, processing, storage and analysis of vast amounts of information from digital footprints. Data that previously could not be captured by analogue devices can now be recorded digitally. Digital data offer great opportunities in the field of population studies, as they contain information in near real-time, with large spatial coverage and great temporal and geographical detail for the analysis of demographic dynamics, such as human mobility. However, digital data also present challenges and limitations that need to be taken into account. This chapter identifies and presents the advantages, opportunities, challenges and limitations of digital data for population studies, and discusses the current status and future use of digital data within the discipline.
Missionary education and effective Great Commission participation: Does missionary education work?
Authors: Nehrbass Kenneth , Dunaetz David Robert , Jow Joyce
Published: October 2024

Many Christian universities and seminaries offer programs in world missions. Many people in these programs are already or will become missionaries. Yet missionaries receive many other forms of education as well. This study examines various forms of education and whether they predict Great Commission behaviors, defined as sharing the gospel, baptizing new believers, teaching the Bible, teaching evangelism, and training others to lead Bible studies and teach others. The top educational predictors of Great Commission behaviors were found to be attending a Christian (vs. secular) university, having a seminary degree (vs. not having one), and the total number of missions courses taken (especially in evangelism and church planting). The MDiv degree was an especially strong predictor of Great Commission behaviors. The degree to which missions courses were taken online or in-person did not influence Great Commission behaviors, nor did taking the courses before (vs. after) arriving on the mission field. Missionaries involved in evangelism and church planting ministries do far more Great Commission behaviors than those in administrative positions or those providing social services for local populations.
In Pursuit of the Status Quo: ASWB’s Research, Grantmaking, and Regulatory Practices
Authors: DeCarlo Matthew Peter , Nienow Mary
Published: October 2024

The Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) Examination Program is used in all 50 states to regulate the practice of clinical social work and in the majority of states to regulate the practice of masters and bachelors-level social work. After releasing descriptive data demonstrating biases in exam pass rates by race, age, and dominant language, ASWB engaged in research and regulatory actions that violate social work ethics and psychometric best practices. This article will critique the research, grantmaking, and regulatory practices that support the ASWB Examination Program using extensive citations to psychometric standards, ASWB’s publications and exam documentation, and the researchers’ experiences engaging with ASWB to study the cause of exam score disparities. The analysis will reveal how, after their 2022 release of data demonstrating exam bias with respect to race, age, and language, ASWB funded researchers already affiliated with ASWB to support what it already tells test-takers in its exam guidebook–only structural factors bias exam scores, not psychometric flaws internal to the examination. Moreover, ASWB implemented solutions to exam bias without proper investigation and psychometric support. Because of ASWB’s position as the sole publisher and purchaser of licensing examinations, individual state boards are unable to make incremental changes to prevent biased ASWB examinations from closing the profession of social work to groups for whom the exam is invalid, unreliable, and unfair.
Neural complexity in preterm infants is predicted by developmental variables
Authors: Semeia Lorenzo , Zaylaa Amer , Nourhashemi Mina , Mahmoudzadeh  , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Sippel Katrin , Preissl Hubert , Wallois Fabrice , Frohlich Joel
Published: October 2024

Measures of neural complexity have been shown to evolve with age during the earliest weeks of infancy and to differentiate between typical and atypical development, suggesting that they may be promising surrogate markers of brain maturation. In our current work, we explored developmental trends in neural complexity with the goals of better understanding what drives age-related changes and replicating previously reported sex-related complexity differences in age-equivalent fetuses. Toward this end, we employed three different neural complexity measures derived from 8-channel EEG recordings in 29 preterm infants between 27 and 34 weeks of gestational age (GA). To investigate potential factors impacting signal complexity, we modeled the relation between complexity measures and spontaneous activity transients (SATs, i.e., intermittent bursts of neural activity which play a critical role in brain development and maturation), as well as other developmental variables including GA and sex. We then applied principal component analysis (PCA) to complexity measures across all channels, derived from either the entire EEG recording or separately from burst and interburst periods. Our results suggest that the increasing continuity of the EEG signal with maturation may drive GA-related increases in neural complexity as quiescent periods subside. Additionally, our results largely recapitulate earlier findings linking neural complexity to biological sex in third-trimester fetuses. Notably, we also discovered important differences between a newer complexity algorithm and two older approaches. Our findings pave the way toward further investigations which may explore neural complexity as a predictor of clinical outcome in infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
The ANTICS Large-N Seismic Deployment in Albania
Authors: Agurto-Detzel Hans , Rietbrock Andreas , Tilmann Frederik , Dushi Edmond , Frietsch Michael , Heit Ben , Kufner Sofia-Katerina , Lindner Mike , Rama Besian , Schurr Bernd , Yuan Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

Located within the active continental collision between Eurasia and the Adriatic microplate, Albania is an earthquake prone country with one of the highest seismic risk in Europe. This came into evidence when the MW=6.4 Durres earthquake hit the country in 2019, causing 51 fatalities and widespread damage to infrastructure. Despite this stark reminder, the seismotectonics of Albania remain poorly researched, holding many unknowns regarding active seismogenic faults and 3D velocity structure. In an attempt to fill-in this knowledge gap, we conceived the project ANTICS (AlbaniaN TectonIcs of Continental Subduction) to install a temporary arrangement of 382 seismic stations, and densely monitor the abundant seismic activity in central Albania. In this paper we introduce the project goals and seismic deployment, assessing data quality and extracting valuable lessons from such a complex large-N deployment. Finally, we present some preliminary results on the detected seismicity and a receiver function profile, and expand on the outlook of the project and possible next steps in the area.
Distinct neural processing underlying visual face and object perception in dyslexia
Authors: Pitchford Brent , Devillez Hélène , Sigurdardottir Heida Maria
Published: October 2024

Developmental dyslexia is a disorder marked by difficulties in reading, spelling, and connecting sounds to written language. The high-level visual dysfunction hypothesis suggests these difficulties may partially arise from abnormalities in high-level visual cognition such as the ability to integrate visual input for higher-order cognitive functions such as reading. Here we examined dyslexic readers’ neural functioning as they recognized identities of nonlinguistic visual objects, specifically houses and faces. We measured two event-related potentials (ERPs), the N170 and N250, which are linked to face and object processing – N170 with early structural encoding and N250 with familiarity and identification. In this study, dyslexic readers consistently showed reduced N250 amplitude, potentially suggesting abnormal neural processes relating to the individuation or subordinate-level representation of visual objects. This was despite similar behavioral performance for dyslexic readers. Early neural processes in dyslexic readers were largely intact as shown by their N170. These results highlight the distinct underlying neural processes that contribute to high-level visual cognition in dyslexia and help to further our understanding of how these neural processes might contribute to reading challenges that are characteristic of the disorder.
Chronic offending, and its relation to violence and homicide in a large, prospective, birth cohort in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Hugo , Piquero Alexis R. , Martins Rafaela Costa , Martins-Silva Thaís , Degli Esposti Michelle , Blumenberg Cauane , Bauer Andreas , Motta Janaína , Horta Bernardo , Murray Joseph
Published: October 2024

Background: Many studies have found that a small group of chronic offenders is responsible for the majority of crimes, and tend to be particularly violent. However, there is a major lack of evidence on chronic offending in low and middle-income countries; understanding these patterns is especially important in settings with very high levels of violence, like Brazil.Aims: To identify the extent that crime is concentrated in chronic offenders and linked to violence and homicide in a Brazilian cohort. Methods: The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort includes 5,623 participants followed from birth in 1982 with complete crime records up to age 30. Chronic offenders were defined as individuals who committed five or more offences and over 50% of all crimes. Key offending characteristics including age of onset, violent and homicide offending, and incarceration rates were compared across three offender groups (one-timers, below-chronic, and chronic offenders).Results: Approximately 27% of participants committed at least one crime by age 30, and 5% were chronic offenders who were responsible for 57% of all crimes, 54% of violent crimes, and 68% of homicides. Chronic offenders exhibited more severe patterns of offending on all characteristics examined, compared to non-chronic offenders. Homicides committed by chronic offenders were more likely to involve firearms than those by non-chronic offenders.Discussion: This is the first study to analyze chronic offending within a large, prospective cohort in a low and middle-income country. Chronic offending patterns in this Brazilian setting resemble those in high-income country studies, and are highly related to homicides.
Improving the Science of Adolescent Social Media and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities of Smartphone-Based Mobile Sensing and Digital Phenotyping
Authors: Hamilton Jessica L. , Dreier Melissa J , Caproni Bianca , Fedor Jennifer , Durica Krina , Low Carissa
Published: October 2024

Objective: The impact of social media (SM) use (‘screentime’) on adolescent mental health has been the focus of increasing concern, despite mixed findings from empirical research. Current methodological approaches rely on self-reported SM use, which has limited accuracy and obscure the dynamic interplay of SM use and mental health. Smartphone-based mobile sensing offers new opportunities to gain insights into adolescents’ SM use patterns and behaviors, particularly at an idiographic level. Considerations and challenges of smartphone sensing methods for capturing adolescents’ SM use patterns and behaviors in clinical psychological science are discussed in the context of a pilot study using smartphone-based sensing with adolescents. Method: The pilot study included 19 adolescents (Mean age=15.84; 68% boys; 79% White) who installed a passive monitoring application (AWARE) on their phones for 31 (SD=5.6) days. Results: Descriptive data of sensing acceptability and feasibility are presented based on participant ratings and data yield ratio of usable data (74.18%). Sensing yielded 10,038 hourly observations collected from the ‘application foreground’ sensor across all participants from social media apps, and a total of 645 applications used. Categorization of SM apps were coded (kappa >.90) into ‘social networking’ (N=20 apps) and ‘broader SM’ (N=41) and compared to both Play Store-defined SM apps (N=26) and popular SM apps based on Common Sense Media Survey (N=9). Descriptive data on extracted behavioral features (duration, checking) from SM use categories (binned hourly and daily) are presented. Discussion: Challenges, opportunities, and future directions of sensing methods for SM use are discussed to inform our understanding of its impacts on mental health and to improve the rigor of SM research in clinical psychological science.
The illusion of personality: Why personality disorders are actually relational disorders
Authors: Zavlis Orestis
Published: October 2024

Despite almost a century of empirical research, the concept of personality disorder remains poorly understood and incredibly stigmatized. In this paper, I argue that most of the controversies and unresolved mysteries surrounding personality pathology can be traced back to a cognitive bias that I term the illusion of personality (pathology): our natural tendency to view most individual differences as personality differences (and their deviations from the norm as personality problems). I begin by illustrating how this illusion leads to the paradoxical, yet logical, conclusion that all mental disorders are personality disorders (an outcome that was a reality back in the 1900s). I then demonstrate how we can move beyond this illusion by defining each individual difference according to its predominant psychological theme (e.g., neuroticism as an ‘emotional’ trait) rather than by washing away that theme with the term ‘personality’ (i.e., neuroticism as a ‘personality’ trait). Subsequently, I apply this way of thinking to various personality constructs, including the five-factor traits, the self-other impairments of ‘personality disorder,’ and related social-cognitive disturbances, showing that all personality constructs that account for the development, maintenance, and treatment of personality disorder are all relational. On that basis, I argue that disorders of ‘personality’ can be respecified as disorders of ‘relationships,’ before concluding the paper with a set of suggestions on how we can move away from the illusory concept of ‘personality disorder’ and toward the more specific (and perhaps also humane) idea of ‘relational disorder.’
Acute Suicidal Ideation in Context: Highlighting Sentiment-based Markers through the Diary Entries of a Clinically Depressed Sample
Authors: Lekkas Damien , Collins Amanda C. , Heinz Michael V. , Griffin Tess Z. , Pillai Arvind , Nepal Subigya , Mackin Daniel M. , Campbell Andrew T. , Jacobson Nicholas C.
Published: October 2024

Background: Despite major strides in conceptualizing and modeling the multifaceted nature of suicidal thought and behavior (STB) over the past few decades, the overall predictability of STB has not improved. This may be partly due to the dynamic nature of suicidal ideation (SI), which often fluctuates over hours, yet is largely overlooked in studies. Bolstered by the application and promise of natural language processing (NLP) across the mental health field, efforts toward richer operationalization of acute SI may include analyses on written data that occur alongside changes in SI, thus offering a better understanding of STB as it unfolds.Methods: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data consisting of thrice-daily SI severity scores and diary entries from 268 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were utilized to interrogate acute changes in SI. Using difference scores and probability of acute change thresholds, eleven acute SI phase trajectory types were defined to label change in SI over three consecutive EMAs. In total, 5,938 acute SI trajectories were paired with the temporally centered diary entries. The Sentiment Analysis and Cognition Engine (SEANCE) tool was applied to quantify the written content of each diary entry across eight established lexica. Entry results were grouped based on phase trajectory type, and the Kruskall-Wallis test was employed with post-hoc multiple hypothesis correction to statistically compare SEANCE features between all group pairs. Results: There were 130 statistically significant (adjusted p-value < 0.05) pairwise differences between acute SI phase trajectory groups, implicating 31 NLP features. Consistent with the literature, results highlighted qualities of writing that are generally associated with heightened SI, including personal pronoun usage, passivity, and negative valence. Patterns of significance also uncovered novel contextual nuance in terms of how characteristics such as verbosity, hostility, anger, and pleasantness present in relation to SI over short change trajectories. Conclusions: This work provides an accessible exploratory framework that capitalizes on the benefits of dense EMA sampling and NLP to profile and quantify acute SI trajectories. Future research should continue to focus on short timeframes as there are likely important signals and interpretative nuances in SI that have yet to be fully detailed.
Please Say Gay: An Examination of “Don't Say Gay” Laws and LGBTQ Attitudes
Authors: Esposito Emily
Published: October 2024

Don’t ask, don’t tell. The closet. The Lavender Scare. Throughout history, LGBTQ+ people have been repeatedly told to hide who they are at risk of losing jobs, housing, family, and friends. Presently, new silencing laws are on the forefront of public discourse, with many states enacting “don’t say gay” laws that prevent discussion of sexual and gender diversity in public schools. However, these laws, like other anti-LGBTQ+ legislation, may only further stigmatize LGBTQ+ people and create cultural norms of anti-LGBTQ+ attitudes. This pre-registered study examines the effects of “don’t say gay” laws on state-level anti-LGBTQ+ attitudes through time. Though new “don’t say gay” laws do not affect the trajectory of sexuality attitudes through time, states with “don’t say gay” laws have more negative implicit and explicit sexuality attitudes overall. Importantly, this effect was most robust for earlier “don’t say gay” laws that were enacted in the 1980s and 1990s. This study shows evidence that “don’t say gay” laws may relate to negative attitudes towards sexual minority people, which is important as these laws continue to be proposed, debated, and enacted across the country.
Regional Intergroup Bias and Discriminatory Outcomes: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Esposito Emily
Published: October 2024

Intergroup bias can take many forms and one conceptualization examines intergroup bias on a regional level, aggregating individual data to quantify county-, state-, or country-level bias. Regional intergroup bias manifests in a systemic manner, and as such, regional bias predicts detrimental regional outcomes and structural disparities that may be difficult to study on the individual level. In the present research, we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the relationship between regional intergroup bias and various discriminatory outcomes, from racially biased traffic stops to disparities in employment for disabled people to health disparities for marginalized groups. In examining multiple types of bias against lower status groups, we found evidence for the relationship between regional intergroup bias and discrimination in various forms. This work furthers understanding of regional intergroup bias as a form of structural bias that predicts structural disparities. By studying regional intergroup bias, we gain a stronger understanding of how people may influence the bias of a region, and how regional biases may have devastating outcomes for marginalized groups in those regions.
Education, family complexity and heterogeneous causal effects of parental separation
Authors: Helske Satu , Erola Jani , Helske Jouni
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study examines educational heterogeneity in the impact of parental separation on educational attainment, considering the full sequence of childhood family structural changes.Background: Studies have consistently associated parental separation with lower socioeconomic achievement. However, the underlying causes remain unclear, possibly due to self-selection or continued instability in the family environment.Method: This study employs structural causal modeling and Bayesian logistic regression to investigate the causal effect of childhood family structural changes on adult educational attainment using Finnish full-population register data (n = 272,962), focusing on cohorts born in 1987–1991 and their family members.Results: A substantial portion of the 17-percentage-point disadvantage of children from separated families was due to the selection of families into separation and further structural changes. Separation effects followed a U-shaped pattern, with the largest negative effects among families in the middle of the educational gradient. Stepparents did not exert positive or negative effects, except for highly educated parents’ children benefiting from stable stepfathers. Recurring family instability had the largest negative impact.Conclusion: The curvilinear relationship between parental and child education may partly explain the mixed results of previous studies.Implications: Given that recurring family instability was shown to be the most detrimental to children’s educational attainment, low-threshold guidance and support to aspiring and existing blended families might have the largest impacts on children of separated parents.
Jordana Cox. Staged News: The Federal Theatre Project’s Living Newspapers in New York
Authors: Shandell Jonathan
Published: October 2024

In Staged News, Jordana Cox offers an insightful and innovative analysis of Living Newspaper productions during the Federal Theatre Project within the context of the history of American journalism.
Tracy C. Davis. Liberal Lives and Activist Repertoires: Political Performance and Victorian Social Reform
Authors: Eltis Sos
Published: October 2024

Tracy C. Davis’s Liberal Lives provides a detailed and materially grounded analysis of the tactics of three Victorian activists, revealing the central role of performance in their campaigns against slavery, and to protect and extend the rights of women and Indigenous peoples around the world.
الدستورية الغربية والدستورية الإسلامية
Authors: غوزي غوستافو
Published: October 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تطوير المقارنة بين الدستورية الغربية والدستورية الإسلامية. ويشير مصطلح الدستورية في التقليد الغربي إلى تقييد أفعال الحكومة عبر القانون. وقد ظهرت نماذج مختلفة من الدستورية، وأبرزها الدستورية الأميركية والدستورية الفرنسية، ويمكننا فهمها في ضوء مقولتين تأويليتين، على التوالي: الديمقراطية الدستورية، والديمقراطية التشريعية.
تبدو التطورات التي مرّت بها الدستورية المعاصرة معقدة أيّما تعقيد؛ لأن الدساتير الراهنة انعكاس للتعددية الثقافية والدينية والاجتماعية والسياسية التي تتسم بها المجتمعات الراهنة. ولذا، فإن مركزية التأويل محتومة، ويصدر تعقدها عن حقيقة مفادها أن الدساتير التعددية تدمج قضايا قانونية وقضايا أخلاقية معًا.
أمّا بخصوص الدستورية الإسلامية، فإن بعض المفكرين الإسلاميين يرون أن العلمانية فلسفة معينة، بينما يرون أن الإسلام فلسفة أخرى ذات رؤية خاصة لحياة الإنسان وحقوقه وواجباته. ويبرر هذا المنظور وجاهة التفكير الذي مفاده أن الدستورية يمكن تحقيقها بطريقة مختلفة في مجتمعات مختلفة بحسب تصوراتها للحقوق والواجبات المقبولة والمشتركة.
THE ROLE OF RELIGIONS IN POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR RELATIONS WITH STATES
Authors: Giorgi Pareshishvili
Published: October 2024

It should be noted that the constitutional requirements for the regulation of freedom of religion and the issues of determining the relationship between the church and the state were not highlighted in the Soviet system. From the declaratory point of view, the constitutions of this country were partially similar to the constitutions of the West, which allowed their reception in the constitutions of national states even after the communist regime. In the communist space, the freedom of religion was considered from atheistic positions, and Ro-Gortz Luchterhandt in his work "Development of religious legislation in Eastern Europe" would say: the communist system is a state system hostile to religion. The hostility to religion began with a claim to science. This was also supported by the anti-religious and atheistic understanding of freedom of conscience. Freedom of conscience was not a legally guaranteed autonomy for each individual to choose according to custom and religious responsibility in favor of what is truly known. It rather meant freedom of conscience from religion. Because of such doctrines, religion was displaced from public life into private life.
ARMENIAN-CHINESE RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC POLICY
Authors: Arman Arzuman Harutyunyan
Published: October 2024

Armenian-Chinese economic relations encompass several key components that reflect both the evolution of bilateral ties and China's broader global economic strategy. These relations are significantly shaped by China's "One Belt, One Road" initiative, which offers Armenia various investment opportunities and economic benefits. However, the relationship is not one-sided. Both countries are actively working to enhance their trade relations, demonstrating consistent growth. They have the potential to explore new markets and further develop their economic connections. This article discusses the directions and opportunities for advancing Armenia-China relations and presents specific approaches and measures to stimulate development.
CAUSES, DIAGNOSTICS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF PREMATURE OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY- REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Natalia Karpowicz  , Natalia Pacocha  , Julia Kaszucka  , Justyna Popczyńska  , Agnieszka Raczyńska  , Małgorzata Krzyżanowska  , Marta Zgierska  , Jakub Jędrychowski  , Kinga Kosiec  , Oliwia Krzemień
Published: October 2024

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) before the age of 35 occurs in 1 in 250 women. It can develop on a genetic basis, but also may be a consequence of iatrogenic interventions, such as surgery, radiation or chemotherapy. The patients with impaired ovarian endocrine function may experience disruptive menopausal symptoms. Estrogens deficiency consequences include increased risk of osteoporotic fractures and cardiovascular events. Lack of folliculogenesis and ovulation results in infertility. Detailed review of the literature was conducted to summarize current knowledge about causes, diagnostics, psychological impact and novel therapeutic methods in POI. Review of the literature was conducted by searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar. Checking the literature was carried out by the following keywords: ‘premature ovarian insufficiency’, ‘POI’, ‘etiology’, ‘symptomatology’, ‘treatment’, ‘pathogenesis’, ‘genes’, ‘mutations’, ‘psychological effects’, ‘oncofertility’. The multifactorial aetiology of POI, including genetic, autoimmune, iatrogenic, and environmental factors, highlights the complexity of this condition and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Progress in molecular methods of genetic diagnostics, such as whole-genome sequencing, may help identify causative mutations in a larger proportion of idiopathic cases. Hormonal replacement therapy is the gold standard for alleviating menopausal symptoms, maintaining bone density, and reducing cardiovascular risk. The psychological impact of POI cannot be underestimated, with many patients experiencing significant emotional distress and dissatisfaction with the manner in which their diagnosis is delivered. Healthcare providers must prioritize sensitive and informative communication, while also referring patients to appropriate sources of emotional support.
Konuşma Becerisiyle İlgili Atasözleri Üzerine Bir İçerik Analizi
Authors: Killioğlu İlknur , Temizkan Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Konuşma becerisi açısından atasözlerini incelemeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın veri setini Ömer Asım Aksoy’un Atasözleri Sözlüğü oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler doküman incelemesi tekniğiyle toplanmış ve içerik analizi tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda konuşma becerisiyle ilgili 189 atasözü ve bu atasözüne ilişkin 4 tema ile 32 kategori belirlenmiştir. Buna göre atasözlerinin 105’i konuşmacı, 21’i dinleyici, 56’sı mesaj ve 7’si geri bildirim temasıyla ilgilidir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle en çok konuşmacı ve mesaj temasına yönelik atasözlerinin bulunduğu ve bu atasözlerinde özellikle konuşma-düşünme ilişkisi, konuşmanın gizliliği, yer-zaman uygunluğu, söz-eylem ilişkisi, sözün işlevselliği, üslup, tutarlılık ve doğruluk gibi kategorilerin ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Konuşma becerisine ilişkin atasözleri konuşma sürecinde konuşmacının, dinleyicinin, mesajın ve geri bildirimin sahip olması gereken özelliklere yönelik iletiler içermektedir.
Anahtar sözcükler: konuşma becerisi, atasözleri, iletişim, sözlü dil.
The Influence Of Virtual Reality Learning Media On The Vocabulary And Pronunciation Mastery Of Class Vii Students In The English Subject Of An-Nisa Gumukmas Middle School Students In 2023
Authors: Hatikah Bafadal , Priawasana Endra , Darsan Darsan
Published: October 2024

VR learning media in the learning process of mastering students' vocabulary and pronunciation in the long term will help them communicate better in English. This research uses a quantitative cause and effect (causalistic) research method in looking at the relationship of variables to the object under study. The population in this research in class VII children/students, An-Nisa Gumukmas Middle School, Jember, a total of 33 students. In this research, data analysis techniques used inferential statistics, Android-based Virtual Reality Learning Media on Vocabulary Mastery and Pronunciation in English Subjects for Class VII, An-Nisa Middle School Gumukmas 2023 will have a real impact on improving Vocabulary Mastery and Pronunciation skills in learning English