bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an Interactive and Collaborative Cloud-based Learning Strategy in Medical Education
Authors: Cortes Claudio , Jackman Trenton D. , Dersch Anne Merrylees , Taylor Tracey A.H.
Published: September 2024

Background
In most health professions education programs, didactic lectures remain the most common teaching modality. There is a need for synchronous interactive instructional methods that require little student preparation, promote directed-independent learning and high-order cognition, while increasing feedback and teamwork. We have recently created a Cloud-based learning (CL) educational tool that uses the conceptual Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) theoretical framework, together with generative learning theory. Using student surveys, we aim to evaluate this instructional methodology and compare it with more common practices in medical education, including Team-Based Learning (TBL), Flipped Class (FC), and Didactic Lectures (DL). In addition, using a literature-based analysis, we compared CL to several instruction methods (DL, PBL, TBL, FC) to determine whether CL has unique characteristics that differentiate it from other instructional methods.
Methods
Student perception surveys were used to contrast responses regarding these instruction methods in terms of satisfaction, student preparation time, teamwork, collaboration, and formative feedback received. Responses were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Dunn’s pairwise test to determine statistical significance between the medians.
Results
Compared to other teaching methods, students expressed a preference for TBL and DL over CL and FC (DL = TBL = CL > FC). CL and DL were perceived to require the least preparation time (less than 30 min), compared to FC and TBL (CL = DL < FC < TBL). Regarding the learning environment and engagement with each of the instructional strategies, participants were equally engaged with TBL, DL and CL, and less engaged with FC (TBL = CL = DL; TBL > FC). TBL and CL were rated significantly higher in terms of collaboration and teamwork, in which CL provided significantly higher instructor feedback than TBL, DL and FC (CL > TBL > DL = FC), while TBL provided significantly higher peer feedback than CL (TBL > CL > DL > FC).
Conclusions
Despite the benefits of CL (student preparedness, high feedback and collaborative environment), students express preferences toward TBL and DL. Compared with existing teaching methods, CL has some unique characteristics that enable students to create their own study tool with reduced preparation time, strong feedback and a collaborative environment that can be considered an alternative educational strategy.
Interpretation of statistical findings in randomised trials: a survey of statisticians using thematic analysis of open-ended questions
Authors: Hemming Karla , Kudrna Laura , Watson Sam , Taljaard Monica , Greenfield Sheila , Goulao Beatriz , Lilford Richard
Published: September 2024

Background: Dichotomisation of statistical significance, rather than interpretation of effect sizes supported by confidence intervals, is a long-standing problem.
Methods: We distributed an online survey to clinical trial statisticians across the UK, Australia and Canada asking about their experiences, perspectives and practices with respect to interpretation of statistical findings from randomised trials. We report a descriptive analysis of the closed-ended questions and a thematic analysis of the open-ended questions.
Results: We obtained 101 responses across a broad range of career stages (24% professors; 51% senior lecturers; 22% junior statisticians) and areas of work (28% early phase trials; 44% drug trials; 38% health service trials). The majority (93%) believed that statistical findings should be interpreted by considering (minimal) clinical importance of treatment effects, but many (61%) said quantifying clinically important effect sizes was difficult, and fewer (54%) followed this approach in practice.
Thematic analysis identified several barriers to forming a consensus on the statistical interpretation of the study findings, including: the dynamics within teams, lack of knowledge or difficulties in communicating that knowledge, as well as external pressures. External pressures included the pressure to publish definitive findings and statistical review which can sometimes be unhelpful but can at times be a saving grace. However, the concept of the minimally important difference was identified as a particularly poorly defined, even nebulous, construct which lies at the heart of much disagreement and confusion in the field.
Conclusion: The majority of participating statisticians believed that it is important to interpret statistical findings based on the clinically important effect size, but report this is difficult to operationalise. Reaching a consensus on the interpretation of a study is a social process involving disparate members of the research team along with editors and reviewers, as well as patients who likely have a role in the elicitation of minimally important differences.
Numerical Study of Interstitial Fluid Flow Behavior in Bone Units Under Dynamic Loading
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xiong Baochuan , Cui Xin , Zhang Chunqiu
Published: September 2024

Background
The porous structure of bone tissue is essential for maintaining the physiological functions and overall health of bone cells. The lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), a microscopic porous structure within bone units, facilitates the transport of nutrients and signaling molecules through interstitial fluid flow. However, the transient behavior of fluid flow within these micro-pores under dynamic loading conditions has not been extensively studied.
Methods
This study constructs a fluid-solid coupling model that aligns with the micro-porous structure of bone, including the Haversian canal, canaliculi, lacunae, and interstitial fluid, to examine interstitial fluid flow within the LCS under dynamic loading with varying frequencies and amplitudes. For the first time, the study explores the relationship between changes in LCS pore volume and fluid velocity and pressure.
Results
The results demonstrate that increasing strain amplitude leads to significant changes in LCS pore volume, which in turn significantly enhances interstitial fluid flow velocity and pressure within the LCS. When the loading amplitudes are 1500 µε, 2000 µε, and 2500 µε, the LCS pore volume changes to 998.4‰, 997.8‰, and 997.3‰ of the original volume, respectively. The average flow velocity at the center of the superficial bone lacuna at these amplitudes is 136%, 177%, and 214% of that at 1000 µε, respectively. Additionally, at a loading amplitude of 1000 µε under three different loading frequencies, the average flow velocities at the center of the superficial bone lacuna are 0.60 µm/s, 1.04 µm/s, and 1.54 µm/s, respectively. This indicates that high-frequency and high-amplitude dynamic loading can promote more vigorous fluid flow and pressure fluctuations.
Conclusions
Dynamic mechanical loading can significantly enhance interstitial fluid flow within the bone lacunae and canaliculi, which positively impacts the normal metabolism and bone remodeling processes of bone cells.
The Application of RPA-PfAgo Technology Combined with Multidimensional Data Analysis in the Rapid Detection of the MTHFR A1298C Polymorphism
Authors: Liu Yaqun , Chen Lianghui , Yang Peikui , Fang Miaofen , Cai Xiaotong , Han Jinkun , Chen Yicun , Xie Chengsong , Lin Min , Zhang Zhenxia , Zheng Yuzhong
Published: September 2024

This study presents a novel approach that integrates recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with PfAgo protein technology for the rapid and precise detection of the MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. Although traditional genotyping methods are effective, they are often limited by complexity, high cost, and the need for specialized equipment. The RPA-PfAgo technique harnesses the swift isothermal amplification of RPA and the high specificity and sensitivity of PfAgo-mediated DNA cleavage, completing the entire process from sample collection to detection within 90 minutes. The utility of this method has been substantiated through a battery of optimization experiments, parameter analysis, and assessments of sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability, along with clinical validation using oral mucosal samples. The findings indicate that this new technology not only substantially reduces detection time and cost but also offers an effective tool for personalized medicine and disease prevention with high accuracy and reliability.
Extinction in the north and colonisation in the south: the latitudinal drivers of community warming.
Authors: Ellis Emilie , Antão Laura , Davrinche Andréa , Laine Anna-Liisa , Mäkinen Jussi , Rees Mark , Saastamoinen Marjo , Conenna Irene , Heliölä Janne , Huikkonen Ida-Maria , Leinonen Reima , Pöyry Juha , Suuronen Anna , Vanhatalo Jarno , Roslin Tomas
Published: September 2024

As the climate warms, species are shifting their ranges to match their climatic niches, leading to the warming of ecological communities (thermophilisation). We currently have little understanding of the population-level processes driving this community-level warming, particularly at rapidly warming high latitudes. Using 30 years of high-resolution moth monitoring data across a 1,200 km latitudinal gradient in Finland, we found that higher latitude communities are experiencing more rapid thermophilisation. We attribute this spatial variation to community-wide colonisation-extinction dynamics, both for the full community and for different thermal affinity groups. Our findings reveal that latitudinal variation in the pathways underpinning thermophilisation is the net outcome of opposite forces: in the north, community warming is driven by the extinction of cold-affiliated species, while in the south, it is driven by high colonisation rates of warm-affiliated species. Thus, we show how species' thermal affinities influence community reorganisation and highlight the elevated extinction risk among cold-affiliated species.
Negotiating risks to natural capital and stakeholder values in net-zero transitions
Authors: Pascale Andrew , Watson James , Davis Dominic , Smart Simon , Brear Michael , Jones Ryan , Greig Chris
Published: September 2024

Global and national commitments on climate imply clean energy and industrial infrastructure deployment, and associated land use change, at an unprecedented scale and speed (1). This could have serious implications for natural capital and other important land uses (2). By integrating a macroscale energy system modelling approach (3) with spatially granular downscaling methods (4) for siting of clean energy infrastructure, we first show that 111,000 km2 of the Australian landmass (roughly ×1.7 the area of mainland Tasmania) could be required for renewable infrastructure in a transition of Australia’s domestic and export economy to net-zero emissions. We use three land use cases that incorporate climate goals with consistent handling of Australian Indigenous estate and varying treatments for biodiversity and agriculture to navigate the risks of achieving both a net-zero goal and the sustainable use of natural capital in an uncertain land-use planning future. We find that a given modelled pathway becomes more resilient to uncertainty when alternate land use cases are considered at the outset and included in the identification of clean energy infrastructure projects. We show that it is possible to proactively undertake integrated, inclusive and iterative modelling and planning that embraces uncertainty and diverse stakeholder views on land use change, as nations decarbonize and tackle complex agricultural (5), environmental, social, and cultural challenges (6,7).
Assessing the Impact of Monetary Policy on Banks' Credit Supply: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: munir Nasir
Published: September 2024

The present study aims to examine the complex interplay between monetary policy and banks' credit provision in Pakistan. Monetary policy is a fundamental instrument central banks utilize to manage the money supply and control credit availability. It holds significant importance in influencing economic stability and fostering growth. This study examines multiple dimensions of the relationship mentioned above, encompassing the influence of interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market activities on banks' loan supply. The study utilizes panel data analysis to investigate a comprehensive set of bank-specific features and macroeconomic variables spanning 2005 to 2021. The study examines the impact of a restrictive monetary policy on the provision of credit by banks, providing insights into the relationship between central bank policies and lending practices. The outcomes of this study indicate that monetary policy exerts a substantial influence on banks' loan supply. Elevated interest rates tend to diminish the accessibility of credit, whilst reduced rates incentivize the provision of loans.
Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that alterations in reserve requirements and open market operations have a discernible impact on the loan supply dynamics of banks. Moreover, the research underscores the significance of various variables, including the size of banks, their liquidity levels, capital adequacy, profitability, credit risk, and debt-to-equity ratios, in influencing the accessibility of credit. Macroeconomic factors, such as economic growth and inflation, significantly affect the propensity of banks to provide loans. In summary, this study highlights the complex relationship between monetary policy and the provision of credit by banks, highlighting the importance of central banks carefully adjusting policy tools to promote financial stability and facilitate economic goals. The results of this study offer significant insights for policymakers and financial institutions in Pakistan and add to the larger comprehension of the transmission mechanism of monetary policy on bank lending.
Jel classification: A1, E3, E6, G28, E58
Research of Long-Term Stability of High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors for Ultra-Low Differential Pressures
Authors: Basov Mikhail
Published: September 2024

Long-term stability of output characteristics of piezoresistive pressure sensor chips in the form of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is one of the most important parameters. The research analyzes the variation of useful signal of high sensitive pressure sensor chips and its errors in mechanical and temperature characteristics, which are also time-dependent. The main feature of this study is the application of the previously developed construction of mechanical part, which allows to achieve a balance between extremely high sensitivity and low error rates for ultra-low pressure range. The research demonstrates the changes after 5 years of aging for 24 pressure sensor chip samples (chip dimension 6.15x6.15 mm2) for pressure range of 0.5 kPa with sensitivity S0,5 after = (34.5 ± 6.0) mV/V/kPa, nonlinearity 2KNL 0.5 after = (0.71 ± 0.47) %/FS and temperature hysteresis up to 0.5% in the temperature range from -30 ⁰C to +60 ⁰C. The results of long-term stability of useful signal shows that the errors for 10 out of 24 samples does not exceed the values of 1.5%, which mostly connects with influence of residual mechanical stresses (RMS) from the assembly design of pressure sensor.
Die kreative Nutzung von KI zur Personalisierung des Lernens an Hochschulen
Authors: Martin Anne , Pengel Norbert
Published: September 2024

KI-Technologien werden zunehmend in der Diskussion um Lernen an Hochschulen relevant und können auf vielfältige Weise dazu beitragen, das Lernen im Studium zu unterstützen. Die Bereitstellung innovativer KI-Werkzeuge kann die Realisierung einer personalisierten Lernumgebung sowie von Lernanlässen unter Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse der Lernenden ermöglichen. KI-Technologien können kreatives Denken und Problemlösungsfähigkeiten fördern (vgl. Jaschke et al. 2023), indem sie neue Perspektiven und Ansätze präsentieren. Sie eröffnen darüber hinaus einen Raum für kollaboratives Lernen, indem sie Möglichkeiten zur Zusammenarbeit und zum Austausch bieten sowie Feedback übermitteln können.
Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie KI-Technologien das Lernen unterstützen und fördern können. Dies erfolgt ausgehend von einer virtuellen lernunterstützenden Umgebung (Mentoring Workbench, MWB) im Rahmen des Selbststudiums im bildungswissenschaftlichen Teil des Lehramtsstudiums an der Universität Leipzig. Ein didaktischer Fokus liegt dabei auf der Auseinandersetzung mit Inhalten eines Moduls durch Schreibaufgaben, wobei auch Kreativität von Bedeutung ist. Im Sinne der Medienintegration liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Kommunikation mit einem Chatbot, der auf Basis eines Large Language Models (LLM) nicht nur Fragen zum Modul beantworten, sondern auch beratend begleiten kann, z. B. Aufgaben und entsprechendes Feedback übermitteln kann.
Als Fazit kann gezogen werden, dass die kreative Nutzung von KI zur Bereicherung des Lernprozesses beitragen kann, indem es Studierenden ermöglicht wird, sich auf innovative und kreative Weise mit dem Lehrstoff auseinanderzusetzen. Durch den Einsatz von KI-Verfahren können relevante Informationen extrahiert und kreative Schreibanlässe generiert werden, um kritisches Denken und Problemlösungsfähigkeiten zu fördern.
Exploring Android Creativity
Authors: Böhmer Anselm , Dillig Marcella , Isso Illie , Sahin Hilal , Kuraner Aslihan
Published: September 2024

Although GenAI may be used frequently and inaccurately as an optimized search engine to address inquiries and accomplish specific objectives, this study elucidates a method for prompting GenAI as a persona to engage within a learning dialogue. Individuals – in this case, pre-service teachers – can participate in open dialogues with the persona to develop communication skills with regard to situations relevant to their training. Further, this investigation demonstrates how this approach stimulates creativity in human-machine interaction by empowering them to prompt GenAI as personas for engaging in unanticipated learning interactions. The research results lead to the concept of “android creativity,” which expresses the responsiveness of creativity in the interaction process of humans with GenAI.
Textgenerierende KI zur Erleichterung der Arbeit von Lehrpersonen?
Authors: Bahr Tobias , Manzocco Mario , Schuster Dennis , Wacker Albrecht
Published: September 2024

Textgenerierende KI bietet Lehrpersonen neue Möglichkeiten in der Unterrichtsplanung, um Materialien adaptiv auf die Voraussetzungen der Schüler*innen anzupassen. Der Artikel zeigt, wie Aufgaben mithilfe von ChatGPT differenziert werden können.  Am konkreten Beispiel „Beschreibe die Gattung Fabel“ wird eine Differenzierung anhand der allgemeindidaktischen Kriterien der Bloom’schen Taxonomie und der sprachlogischen Komplexität vorgenommen. Hierzu werden zwei Verfahren vorgestellt: Einerseits die direkte Eingabe in ChatGPT, andererseits Eingaben in eine erstellte Webseite. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von ChatGPT zur Aufgabendifferenzierung werden abschließend diskutiert.
Digital gestufte Lernhilfen als Vehikel der digitalitätsbezogenen Lehrkräfte-Professionalisierung im Biologieunterricht
Authors: Karbstein Rebekka , Brändle Marcus , Großmann Nadine , Großschedl Jörg , Gussen Lea , Hering Maike , Kleinert Svea Isabel , Lohrsträter Ricarda , Offermann Margit , Otto Siegmar , Schaldach Pascal , Sotiriadou Christina , Sperling Nicol , Wilde Matthias , Zabel Sarah , Schaal Steffen
Published: September 2024

Die Förderung der digitalisierungsbezogenen Kompetenzen von (angehenden) Lehrkräften ist entscheidend, um Schüler*innen als mündige Bürger*innen die Teilhabe in der digitalen Welt zu ermöglichen. Lehrkräfte müssen ihrerseits die Potenziale digitaler Technologien erkennen und über die erforderlichen Kompetenzen verfügen, um die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen zu meistern. Fortbildungsangebote mit einer Kombination aus Online-Selbstlerneinheiten mit Übungs- und Reflexionsanteilen gelten für die Lehrkräfteprofessionalisierung als wirksam. In einer ersten Pilotierung im Hochschulkontext konnte diese Kombination am Beispiel der Binnendifferenzierung umgesetzt und erneut die Wirksamkeit dokumentiert werden, um auf Seiten der Lehrkräfte das Wissen und die Bereitschaft für den pädagogisch sinnvollen Technologieeinsatz im Biologieunterricht zu stärken. Eine wissenschaftliche Begleitforschung zum Fortbildungserfolg untersucht gezielt die Intention zur konkreten Umsetzung der Lerninhalte und die Veränderung im technologisch-fachpädagogischen Wissen.
Zur Bedeutung von Medienbildung und politischer Bildung an Grundschulen
Authors: Junghans-Seefeldt Lisa Charlotte
Published: September 2024

In diesem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Erkenntnisse der Staatsexamensarbeit Schulische Kompetenzen in der Gegenwart digitaler Transformation – zur Wichtigkeit von Medienbildung und politischer Bildung an Grundschulen der Autorin aufgegriffen, die sie im Rahmen des Studiengangs Lehramt an Grundschulen an der TU Dresden verfasste. Dabei werden die wesentlichen Argumente für eine Verknüpfungvon Medienbildung und politischer Bildung zunächst auf theoretischer und dann auf empirischer Ebene aufgezeigt.
The Influence of Risk Perceptions on Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Nutrient-enhanced Microgreens
Authors: Rihn Alicia , Walters Kellie , Bumgarner Natalie
Published: September 2024

Microgreens are young plants used as ingredients and flavoring in various dishes. Their production time is short, and their production methods can be altered to enhance the nutritional content. To date, consumers’ preferences for microgreens that display different esthetic and nonesthetic traits have not been addressed. Additionally, consumers’ perceived risk of production methods used to enhance nutrition has not been investigated. An online survey and choice experiment involving a sample of 821 consumers in Tennessee were performed to investigate these topics. A mixed logit model was used to analyze the data. Both esthetic and nonesthetic traits influenced the consumers’ preferences. Green microgreens were preferred and valued more than light or dark purple microgreens. When fertilizer was used during production to enhance nutrients, consumers perceived the microgreens as riskier to the environment and for personal consumption relative to microgreens with light-induced nutrient enhancement. Using lighting during production to enhance nutrients generated a $0.47 to $0.79 premium relative to no nutrient enhancement. In general, if participants’ perceived risk aligned with the nutrient enhancement attribute (i.e., light, fertilizer), then their willingness to pay for the microgreens decreased. This was amplified for the fertilizer nutrient enhancement attribute more than it was for the light enhancement attribute. In-state production and microgreen height also impacted consumer preferences for microgreens.
Selectivity of herbicides for pigeon pea grown in intercropping with maize
Authors: Cunha Felipe Pereira , Guimarães Kátia Cylene , Mello Carlos Eduardo Leite , e Silva Carlos Henrique de Lima , da Silva Jaqueline Oliveira , de Souza Vitória Cássia Rafael , Jakelaitis Adriano
Published: September 2024

No common herbicides are advised for corn and pigeon pea, complicating the intercropping process. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the selectivity of some herbicides for pigeon pea grown in intercropping with maize and the effects of intercropping on the development and yield of intercropped crops, as well as on the nutritional quality of the produced silages. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications, and the treatments were arranged in split-plots. The monoculture of corn and the intercropping of corn with pigeon pea variety IAC Fava Larga, as well as corn with pigeon pea variety Bonamigo 2 Super N, were allocated in the plots. The subplots were comprised of, the control, weeding, and the mixtures of the herbicides S-metolachlor+flumioxazin, S-metolachlor+saflufenacil, and S-metolachlor+mesotrione. The combination of S-metolachlor and mesotrione resulted in the least weed density and dry mass production. The herbicide that most injured pigeon pea was the mixture of S-metolachlor+mesotrione. There was no effect of herbicides on plant height, final plant population, and fresh and dry biomass productivity of pigeon pea. The intercropping of corn with pigeon pea did not influence corn yield but increased the crude protein, mineral matter, ether extract, and decreased dry matter, total digestible nutrients and in vitro dry matter digestibility contents of the produced silage. All of the herbicides showed potential use for the pigeon pea cultivars studied here.
Aseptic manipulation of cultures outside the laminar flow hood
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Martins , de Souza Joselita Cardoso , Ribeiro Brenda Lima , Nascimento Alessandro Rosa , Ferreira Cínthia Carolinne de Souza , de Souza Jefferson dos Santos Caxias , Teixeira Silvio Lopes
Published: September 2024

In the present study, laminar flow hoods were used as air filters in inoculation rooms. This study was developed in two stages. First, on a bench inside the laboratory inoculation room, with surfaces that had been cleaned with water and bleach; and second with air filtered by laminar flow hoods inside the room. In the first stage, the growth medium was sterilized by autoclaving and contamination was analyzed in culture flasks without explants. The tested media remained open on a bench for 10 minutes in an environment where laminar flow hoods were previously operated at different time ranges (2, 4, 6 and 8 hours). This stage was performed to find out the approximate time required for the air in the room to be decontaminated. In the second stage, the growth medium was sterilized both by autoclaving and by adding sodium hypochlorite (0,003%), and contamination was evaluated in culture flasks, with explants, in an environment previously sterilized by laminar flow hoods at different time ranges (4, 6 and 8 hours). The results showed no contamination by fungi or bacteria in the growth medium that was chemically sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (0,003%), in an environment where laminar flow hoods were previously operated for four hours. In conclusion, manipulating aseptic cultures outside the laminar flow hood is possible using sodium hypochlorite as a chemical sterilizer of the growth medium, where an appropriate air filtration system is adopted.
Application of organic fertilizers and arbuscular mycorrhiza dosage to increase the growth of Kepok banana seedlings (Musa paradisiaca L.) derived from tissue culture
Authors: Samanhudi  , Widijanto Hery , Sakya Amalia Tetrani , Salsabill Sheirrin
Published: September 2024

Acclimatization is the last stage of the tissue culture technique which is crucial for the success of in vitro plant propagation. The use of organic fertilizers is known to improve the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, while Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi (AMF) is a well-known type of Mycorrhiza that benefits the host plant in nutrient absorption and to increase plant growth. This study aims to measure the growth response of the acclimatized Kepok Banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) treated with a combination of various organic fertilizers and doses of AMF, expecting to support plant growth. This research was conducted in June- October 2019 and used a complete randomized design pattern (CRD) based on factorial (4 x 4) with two treatment factors. The first factor was the type of organic fertilizer: goat manure, cow manure, ver micompost, and compost. The second factor was AMF doses: 0, 5, 10, 15 g/plant. Variables observed included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and mycorrhizal infectivity. The use of organic fertilizers significantly affected all growth parameters of Kepok banana. Goat manure gives a better result than other organic fertilizers on a plant’s height, stem diameter, and length of leaves. The application of various doses of AMF either 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, or without AMF has not been able to exert a noticeable influence on the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the width of the leaves, the length of the leaves, and the diameter of the banana stem.
Drying of soybean seeds and its influence on quality: a review
Authors: Antunes Arlindo Modesto , Corrêa Jefferson Luiz Gomes , Carvalho Everson Reis
Published: September 2024

Drying is a crucial step for soybean seed storage. This is because during storage, seeds may lose their viability due to high moisture content. The high-water content of the seeds promotes higher respiration rates, with a consequent increase in seed temperature, which may affect the development of insects and fungi that can hinder the commercialization of the product. As a result, the drying process should be performed as soon as possible using methods that preserve the physical and physiological qualities of soybean seeds. Drying methods can be broadly divided into natural and artificial; continuous and intermittent, depending on the periodicity of the heat supply; and fixed bed and moving bed, depending on the movement of the seed mass. In the comparison of natural drying to artificial drying, the former has the disadvantage of exposing the product to psychrometric changes in the air, which may cause physicochemical variations. Among artificial dryers, fixed bed dryers are used on a large scale because they allow the temperature and relative humidity to be controlled and checked and the physiological quality of the seeds to be preserved. Nevertheless, moving bed drying of soybeans is an approach with the main advantages of low energy input, a low first investment cost, and homogeneous drying. In line with these factors, this review discusses the methods used for drying soybean seeds and their relationship with the physiological qualities of the seeds, pointing out important results from current scientific research.
Phytoremediation of Brazilian Cerrado soil to reduce herbicide persistence using tropical grasses
Authors: Serafim Anderson da Cunha , Peres-Oliveira Maria Aparecida , Bonfim-Silva Edna Maria , da Silva Tonny José , José Jefferson Vieira
Published: September 2024

Brazil has extensive areas covered in pastures with a large infestation of invasive plants. Picloram is one of the most widely used herbicides due to its residual properties in the soil. Phytoremediation is a promising technique for soil decontamination carried out by plants. The objective of this study was to investigate phytoremediation in soil from the Brazilian Cerrado biome through the cultivation of phytoremediating tropical grasses to reduce herbicide persistence. The experimental design was entirely randomized in a 4x6 factorial arrangement, corresponding to four cultivation systems (uncultivated soil, cultivated with Brachiaria decumbens, cultivated with Sorghum bicolor and cultivated with Pennisetum glaucum), and six doses (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g i.a. L-1 ha-1) of the herbicide picloram (triethanolamine salt). The herbicide applied 48 hours before emergence (pre-emergence), resulting in 24 treatments with 4 replications. The established period for the phytoremediation species was 90 days after emergence. After 24 hours, soybean (Glycine max) was sown as a bioindicator species for the presence of picloram. Phytotoxicity, Falker® chlorophyll index, plant height and dry biomass of the aerial part and dry biomass of the roots of the phytoremediating species and the bioindicator species were evaluated and the data was submitted to analysis of variance. When significant, they were subjected to regression analysis for herbicide doses and Scott-Knott test for crop types, both with an error level of 5% probability. The tropical forage grasses showed resistance to the herbicide picloram with positive effects on phytoremediation in the analyzed variables in the bioindicators when applied at doses ranging from 2, 4 and 8 g i.a. L-1 ha-1. All the phytoremediating grasses had the potential to reduce the persistence of picloram in the soil when applied at doses within the commercial recommendation, even over a short period of 90 days.
Optimization and modeling of process parameters for nutrient recovery from sewage wastewater
Authors: Mani Vasanthi , Sathiasivan Kiruthika , Jeyalakshmi R.
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contamination in wastewater pose significant environmental challenges. Recovering these elements as struvite not only mitigates environmental pollution but also aligns with sustainable development goals by recycling valuable resources. This research hypothesizes that optimized recovery methods can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of struvite crystallization, addressing existing challenges in conventional techniques. To achieve optimal removal and recovery of N and P from sewage, a response surface model was employed. This model allowed for the identification of optimal process conditions and the elucidation of interactions among various components. Key variables impacting struvite recovery were identified using the Plackett–Burman design, while the central composite design was used for further optimization. The study determined the optimized parameters for phosphate recovery to be an Mg:P ratio of 1:2, pH of 10.5, additive concentration of 350 ppm, and a precipitation time of 30 min. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the residual amounts were below 50%. Additionally, the size and surface morphology of the final product were influenced by the process parameters, particularly the Mg:P ratio and pH. An inexpensive, quick, and efficient method to recover struvite fertilizer with a minimum demand of time and chemicals is established toward SDG 2 and 6.
Study on the Adsorption Performance of a Novel Magnetic Graphene Oxide Adsorbent for Uranium
Authors: Chen Zijie , Huang Shaorong , Liu Zhen , Wu Qian , Liu Jingjing , Tan Yan , Xiao Xilin
Published: September 2024

Background:

The problem of nuclear water pollution is becoming serious worldwide.
Uranium, as a metal substance with long half-life radioactivity, is commonly treated by various
methods. Adsorption is considered to be one of the most promising methods for treating uraniumcontaining
wastewater.

Method:

Magnetic nanoparticles MnFe2O4 were prepared via the coprecipitation method, followed
by modification of silica using the improved Stöber method. Subsequently, amino was functionalized
and grafted onto graphene oxide to prepare a novel magnetic graphene oxide composite
MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO.

Results:

The highest adsorption rate of MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO for uranium can reach 97.27% in
1 mg·L-1 uranium solution, and the adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic
model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that it was a monolayer adsorption dominated
by chemisorption. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption
process was a spontaneous endothermic reaction.

Conclusion:

MnFe2O4@SiO2-NH2@GO had excellent adsorption properties for uranium, which has
great application potential in the treatment of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater.
Harnessing Machine Learning for QSPR Modeling of Corrosion Inhibitors in HCl for Mild Steel Protection
Authors: Bouziani Idrissi Mohammed , Moumen Idriss , Taghzouti Sara , Sayin Koray , Chakir El Mahjoub , Zarrok Hassan , Oudda Hassan
Published: September 2024

Background:

The corrosion of Mild Steel (MS) in harsh acidic environments, such as
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), is a significant industrial issue with environmental consequences. Corrosion
inhibitors, particularly those containing heteroatoms and aromatic rings, are a proven method
for mitigating corrosion. Traditional methods for studying corrosion inhibitors often require resource-
intensive experiments.

Methods:

This study explores the use of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (QSPR) modeling,
a Machine Learning (ML) technique, to predict the inhibition efficiency of organic corrosion
inhibitors in HCl environments. Several ML models were employed: Linear Regression (LR), Random
Forest Regression (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Multilayer Perceptron Regression
(MLP), and XGBoost Regression (XGB).

Results:

The investigation revealed that some models achieved exceptional predictive accuracy with
significantly reduced errors and high precision. These models offer a promising avenue for efficient
corrosion inhibitor design, reducing reliance on extensive experimentation.

Conclusion:

This study contributes to the advancement of corrosion science and materials engineering
by introducing innovative strategies for developing effective corrosion inhibitors using machinelearning-
driven QSPR models.
Tofacitinib-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Boussaa Hiba , Hamdi Ons , Miladi Saoussen , Makhlouf Yasmine , Ben Abdelghani Kawther , Fazaa Alia , Laatar Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background:

Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is an uncommon complication that rarely occurs
during Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Among the varied etiologies of AP, Drug-induced Pancreatitis
(DIP) remains a rare entity and a rather challenging condition. A large panel of drugs
have been reported to cause pancreatitis; however, there are no cases of tofacitinib-induced pancreatitis
reported in the literature.

Case Presentation:

We have, herein, reported the case of a Tunisian 58-year-old woman with a
four-year history of RA who experienced two episodes of AP; the first one occurred on the second
day of a 3-day series of methylprednisolone intravenous injections, and the second episode
occurred on the sixth-day of tofacitinib administration. Each time, she presented acute abdominal
pain with characteristic radiation to the back. Symptoms resolved spontaneously once
the suspected drug was discontinued. In the event of a negative investigation, including abdominal
ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, and assessment of albumin, calcemia,
triglyceridemia, serum ferritin, and IgG4 levels, DIP was the most likely diagnosis.

Conclusion:

Although DIP is still a rare condition, it remains serious with an increased risk of
mortality. We intended to alert clinicians that in addition to the known side effects of tofacitinib,
pancreatitis may be induced by this drug, especially in predisposed patients.
Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir)-Induced Tacrolimus Toxicity in Organ Transplant Recipients - A Review on Drug Interactions Involving CYP3A Enzymes
Authors: Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Al Rashid Sulthan
Published: September 2024

Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) is the first oral therapy approved by the US FDA to
treat patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.

Our current review focuses on clinical data related to tacrolimus toxicity induced by Paxlovid
currently available.

A number of online databases, including LitCovid, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO
host, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the reference lists were searched to identify articles
related to Paxlovid-induced tacrolimus toxicity, using keywords, like drug interactions, Paxlovid,
ritonavir, nirmatrelvir, tacrolimus, pharmacokinetic interactions, and CYP3A.

Tacrolimus is a substrate of CYP3A enzymes and ritonavir of Paxlovid has been identified as a
potent inhibitor of CYP3A enzymes. Hence, Paxlovid can inhibit the CYP3A-mediated metabolism
of tacrolimus, resulting in elevated plasma concentrations of tacrolimus and toxicity.

A number of case reports and case series have been published to highlight the association of
Paxlovid and tacrolimus toxicity in transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. Various
recommendations have been proposed to prevent and mitigate the adverse events related to the
DDI of Paxlovid and tacrolimus. Transplant physicians should be aware of this DDI and
collaborate with clinical pharmacists on this issue.
The Biological Effects of Soy Isoflavones against Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injuries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , jafari Negar , Masoumi Shahab , Abbasnezhad Mohsen , MT Sherwin Catherine
Published: September 2024

Background:

Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (MIRI) is associated with adverse
cardiovascular outcomes that lead to the death of ischemic cardiomyocytes and, finally, dysfunction
of cardiac tissue.

Objectives:

This systematic review aims to comprehensively investigate and systematically review
the existing literature on the effects of soy isoflavones and their underlying mechanisms in mitigating
MIRI injuries.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted in high-coverage scientific databases, including Web
of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library. On 6th December, 2023, an
extensive literature search was done using predefined search terms (According to MeSH terms) and
inclusion criteria. Any studies that investigated the effects of soy isoflavones on MIRI injuries were
included. Search strategy, screening of the publications, and data extraction were performed following
PRISMA guidelines 2020.

Results:

Diverse mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of soy isoflavones against
MIRI include antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, enhanced mitochondrial function,
regulation of apoptosis pathways, improving angiogenesis effects, attenuating heart histological
changes, modulating factors that affect hemodynamic changes, and reducing Ca+2 overload. Although
most studies reported promising effects in reducing the complications of MIRI, a small number
of studies also showed no significant effect in this regard. Also, they did not report any specific
side effects from consuming isoflavones alone.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that soy isoflavones as a complementary therapeutic strategy potentially
benefit MIRI outcomes and support their role in cardiovascular health. However, further
well-designed clinical trials are warranted to validate these findings and establish their clinical significance
in cardiovascular disease management.
Industry 4.0 in Aircraft Production, Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul [MRO]: Investigating Use Cases and Associated Patent Landscape
Authors: Bhatia Vineet , Kumar Ajay , Sidharth Sumati , Dogra Namrata , Altarazi Faisal , Singh Jashanpreet
Published: September 2024

Background:

The aerospace industry has been gradually adopting Industry 4.0 technologies,
such as the Internet of Things [IoT], big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems, to enhance
aircraft maintenance, repair, and overhaul [MRO] operations. These technologies have the
potential to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance safety in the MRO sector.

Objective:

This study aims to analyze the current state of Industry 4.0 integration in aircraft
maintenance/MRO operations by examining relevant use cases and conducting a patent landscape
analysis. The primary objectives are to identify the key players, emerging trends, and technological
hotspots in this field, as well as to understand the challenges and opportunities associated with the
integration of Industry 4.0 in aircraft MRO.

Methods:

The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review to identify and analyze
use cases of Industry 4.0 technologies in aircraft manufacturing and MRO operations. A systematic
approach was adopted to collect and analyze relevant patent data from various patent databases.
The search strategy involved the use of specific keywords related to Industry 4.0 technologies
and aircraft MRO. The retrieved patent documents were then subjected to rigorous analysis,
including bibliometric analysis, technological categorization, and patent landscape mapping.

Results:

The patent landscape analysis revealed a steadily increasing trend in patent filings related
to Industry 4.0 technologies in aircraft MRO. The major players in this field were identified, and
their patent portfolios were analyzed. The analysis of use cases also highlighted that key technological
areas, such as 3-D printing and digital twin technology, are attracting significant attention from
aircraft industry stakeholders.

Conclusion:

The analysis of patent landscapes in the field of aircraft maintenance, repair, and
overhaul [MRO] provides valuable insights into the current state, emerging trends, and future directions
within the industry. These insights are crucial for industry stakeholders, researchers, and policymakers
to make informed decisions regarding technology adoption, investment strategies, and
regulatory frameworks. In conclusion, the examination of patent landscapes serves as a foundational
tool for enhancing transparency, standardization, and reproducibility in research, enabling stakeholders
to navigate the complex landscape of Industry 4.0 in aircraft MRO effectively.
Facile Synthesis of a Nano Redox-Sensitive Castor Oil-Based Amphiphilic Macromolecule: An Assorted Anticancer Carrier in Doxorubicin Delivery
Authors: Saeedi Sara , Alavioon Seyed Iman , Nabid Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2024

Background:

Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide, killing
more than 8 million people every year. The primary treatment is still restricted to conventional
chemotherapy; however, this method has some limitations. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) provide
the possibility to overcome these defects.

Objective:

The main object of the present report is to introduce the first amphiphilic macromolecule
deduced from vegetable oil as a stimulus-responsive drug delivery system.

objective:

The main object of this research is to introduce the first amphiphilic macromolecule deduced from vegetable oil as a stimuli-responsive drug delivery system.

Methods:

Initially, maleated castor oil was synthesized from the reaction of castor oil with 2-hydroxyethyl
disulfide. In the last step, a thiol-ene click reaction was carried out under thermal conditions.
The structure of the polyol was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR)
and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average size, morphology,
CMC, drug loading drug release properties, and cytotoxicity of the nanocarrier were screened by
different analyses.

Results:

The dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy revealed an appropriate
size (about 66 nm) and spherical morphology of nanoparticles, respectively. Doxorubicin was encapsulated
in polyol with a drug loading efficiency of 83%. in vitro MTT assays confirmed that
the micelles are biocompatible and nontoxic, while drug-loaded micelles possess high antitumor
activity in cancer cells.

Conclusion:

Some advantages of this carrier are its uncomplicated synthesis, stimulus responsiveness
based on vegetable oil, biocompatibility, good stability, and acceptable critical micelle concentration.
Clinical approach of tremors in dogs and cats
Authors: Liatis T. , Bhatti S.F.M. , De Decker S.
Published: September 2024

Tremors are movement disorders that resemble involuntary rhythmic oscillatory sinusoidal movements of a body part. Twitches are the manifestation of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and have variable frequencies and amplitudes. Tremor syndromes are a relatively common presentation in dogs and cats in clinical practice. It is important for the practitioner to be aware of the most common tremor syndromes, and how to recognize, diagnose and treat them. Taking a thorough clinical history and performing a detailed clinical and neurological examination, including tremor assessment are cornerstone processes for reaching a diagnosis. Tremors can be generalized, affecting the whole body and limbs, or focal, affecting specific parts of the animal. The most common etiologies of generalized tremors in dogs are corticosteroid-responsive tremor syndrome and intoxication, e.g. metaldehyde, mycotoxin. Common focal canine tremors include idiopathic episodic head tremor and orthostatic tremor. The most common cause of generalized tremors in cats is permethrin intoxication.