bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a Naturalistic Clinical Setting at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
Authors: Boon-yasidhi Vitharon , Jearnarongrit Pantipa , Tulayapichitchock Patnaree , Tarugsa Jariya
Published: February 2014

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate adverse effects associated with risperidone in 45 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), aged 2–15 years, who were treated at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between the years 2006 and 2007. Adverse effects were assessed by parent interview, using a semistructure questionnaire, and medical records review. The mean ± SD age of the children at starting risperidone was8.15±2.98years. The mean ± SD of risperidone dose was0.94±0.74 mg/day and the mean ± SD duration of treatment was36.8±27.8months. Adverse effects were reported in 39 children (86.7%). Common adverse effects included increased appetite, somnolence, and rhinorrhea and most of the adverse effects were tolerable. Tardive dyskinesia or other serious adverse events were not found in this study. The child’s mean ± SD weight gain was4.18±2.82 kg/year, which exceeded developmentally expected norms. The results from this study suggest that risperidone treatment in children with ASD is associated with frequent mild and tolerable adverse effects. However, excessive weight gain could be found to be a concerning adverse effect and weight monitoring is warranted when risperidone is being prescribed.
The Relationship of HLA Class I and II Alleles and Haplotypes with Autism: A Case Control Study
Authors: Al-Hakbany Manan , Awadallah Sitalbanat , AL-Ayadhi Laila
Published: February 2014

Earlier reports showed the relationship between autism and immune genes located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). In this current study, we compared the HLA class I and class II alleles and haplotypes in 35 autistic children with 100 control subjects from Saudi Arabia, using PCR-SSP method and Luminex technology. In class I the HLA-A*01 (P=0.03, OR 2.68), A*02 (P=0.001, OR 3.02) and HLA-B*07 (P=0.01, OR 3.27), were significantly associated with autism. Also, the haplotype A*02-B*07 was significantly higher in autistic patients than in controls (P=0.007, OR 5.83). In class II, DRB1*1104 was significantly higher in patients than in controls (P=0.001, OR 8.75). The DQB1*0202 (P=0.001,OR 0.24), DQB1*0302 (P=0.001,OR 0.14), and DQB1*0501 (P=0.012,OR 0.25), were negatively associated with disease. While the four-loci genotype study showed that A*01-B*07-DRB1*0701-DQB1*0602 (P=0.001,OR 41.9) and the A*31-B*51-DRB1*0103-DQB1*0302 (P=0.012,OR 4.8) are positively associated with autism among Saudi patients. This is the first report on a foreseeable risk of association of HLA-B*07 allele with autism. Thus, HLA-B*07 allele and the closely linked haplotype A*01 B*07 DRB1*0701 DQB1*0602 may serve as a marker for genetic susceptibility to autism in Saudis.
Pregnancy Outcome after Varenicline Exposure in the First Trimester
Authors: Kaplan Yusuf Cem , Olgac Dündar Nihal , Kasap Burcu , Karadas Barıs
Published: February 2014

To the best of our knowledge this is the first case report describing exposure to varenicline, anα4β2nicotinic acetylcholine partial receptor agonist used for smoking cessation therapy in pregnancy. A 29-year-old multiparous woman with an unplanned pregnancy has used varenicline 2 mg/day unintentionally yet regularly 4 weeks from her last menstrual period. Fetal ultrasound performed at each trimester, detailed anomaly scan, and fetal echocardiography which were performed at the 22nd gestational week showed normal fetal growth with no malformations. The patient delivered a healthy baby at the 38th week of gestation with normal Apgar score and physical examination findings. Age-appropriate physical and neurological development of the child has been observed for 6 months. Although it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions, this case report may contribute to the current available limited data regarding the safety of varenicline use in pregnancy.
Acute Kidney Injury in Lymphoma: A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Abdul Mabood , Latif Hira , Rehman Abdur , Kashif Waqar Uddin , Awan Safia , Khalil Zarghona , Mushtaq Uziar , Ahmad Maria , Khalil Muhammad Ashhad Ullah , Ranga Sami Manickam , Tan Jackson
Published: February 2014

Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common but least studied complication of lymphoma.Objective. To determine the frequency and predictors of AKI in lymphoma and to study the impact of AKI on hospital stay and mortality.Methods. Retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized lymphoma patients aged ≥14 years between January 2008 and December 2011 was done.Results. Out of 365 patients, AKI was present in 31.8% (116/365). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors for AKI included sepsis (odds ratio (OR) 3.76; 95% CI 1.83–7.72), aminoglycosides (OR 4.75; 95% CI 1.15–19.52), diuretics (OR 2.96; 95% CI 1.31–6.69), tumor lysis syndrome (OR 3.85; 95% CI 1.54–9.59), and R-CVP regimen (OR 4.70; 95% CI 1.20–18.36). AKI stages 2 and 3 was associated with increased hospital stay (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.19–3.40).Conclusion. AKI was significantly associated with sepsis, aminoglycoside, diuretics, presence of tumor lysis syndrome, and use of R-CVP regimen. Presence of AKIN (Acute Kidney Injury Network) stages 2 and 3 AKI had increased hospital stay. AKI was also associated with increased mortality.
Characterization of the Merkel Cell Carcinoma miRNome
Authors: Ning Matthew S. , Kim Annette S. , Prasad Nripesh , Levy Shawn E. , Zhang Huiqiu , Andl Thomas
Published: February 2014

MicroRNAs have been implicated in various skin cancers, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma; however, the expression of microRNAs and their role in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) have yet to be explored in depth. To identify microRNAs specific to MCC (MCC-miRs), next-generation sequencing (NGS) of small RNA libraries was performed on different tissue samples including MCCs, other cutaneous tumors, and normal skin. Comparison of the profiles identified several microRNAs upregulated and downregulated in MCC. For validation, their expression was measured via qRT-PCR in a larger group of MCC and in a comparison group of non-MCC cutaneous tumors and normal skin. Eight microRNAs were upregulated in MCC: miR-502-3p, miR-9, miR-7, miR-340, miR-182, miR-190b, miR-873, and miR-183. Three microRNAs were downregulated: miR-3170, miR-125b, and miR-374c. Many of these MCC-miRs, the miR-183/182/96a cistron in particular, have connections to tumorigenic pathways implicated in MCC pathogenesis.In situhybridization confirmed that the highly expressed MCC-miR, miR-182, is localized within tumor cells. Furthermore, NGS and qRT-PCR reveal that several of these MCC-miRs are highly expressed in the patient-derived MCC cell line, MS-1. These data indicate that we have identified a set of MCC-miRs with important implications for MCC research.
PD-SVM Integrated Controller for Robotic Manipulator Tracking Control
Authors: Kapoor Neha , Ohri Jyoti
Published: February 2014

Highly precise tracking of a robotic manipulator in presence of uncertainties like noise, disturbances, and friction has been addressed in this particular paper. An integrated proportional derivative and support vector machine (SVMPD) controller has been proposed for manipulator tracking. To illustrate the efficiency of the proposed controller, simulations have been done on a 2-DOF manipulator system. Performance of the proposed controller has been checked and verified with respect to to a simple PID controller and the radial bias neural network proportional integral derivative (RBNNPD) controller. It has been proved that the proposed controller can achieve better tracking performance as compared to other controllers as the range of errors is less and the time taken by the controller has reduced up to 14 times as compared to RBNN.
Development of a Novel Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Decarboxylase Knockout Mouse: Dietary Taurine Reduces Neonatal Mortality
Authors: Park Eunkyue , Park Seung Yong , Dobkin Carl , Schuller-Levis Georgia
Published: February 2014

We engineered a CSAD KO mouse to investigate the physiological roles of taurine. The disruption of the CSAD gene was verified by Southern, Northern, and Western blotting. HPLC indicated an 83% decrease of taurine concentration in the plasma of CSAD-/-. Although CSAD-/-generation (G)1 and G2 survived, offspring from G2 CSAD-/-had low brain and liver taurine concentrations and most died within 24 hrs of birth. Taurine concentrations in G3 CSAD-/-born from G2 CSAD-/-treated with taurine in the drinking water were restored and survival rates of G3 CSAD-/-increased from 15% to 92%. The mRNA expression of CDO, ADO, and TauT was not different in CSAD-/-compared to WT and CSAD mRNA was not expressed in CSAD-/-. Expression of Gpx 1 and 3 was increased significantly in CSAD-/-and restored to normal levels with taurine supplementation. Lactoferrin and the prolactin receptor were significantly decreased in CSAD-/-. The prolactin receptor was restored with taurine supplementation. These data indicated that CSAD KO is a good model for studying the effects of taurine deficiency and its treatment with taurine supplementation.
Fabrication of CPW-Fed Fractal Antenna for UWB Applications with Omni-Directional Patterns
Authors: Sedghi Tohid , Jalali Mahdi , Aribi Tohid
Published: February 2014

Novel and compact CPW-fed antennas are proposed comprised of a fractal patch and modified ground-plane. The ground-plane is truncated at the center and includes dielectric notches at its side to enhance the antenna’s impedance bandwidth. The dimensions of the notches effectively control the upper and lower band edges of the antenna. The optimized antenna operates across 2.95–12.81 GHz forS11≤-10 dB. Omnidirectional radiation pattern is achieved over the full UWB frequency range. The miniaturized antenna has a total size of14×18×1 mm3. The characteristics of the proposed antenna are suitable for UWB wireless communication requiring low profile antennas.
Ovarian Basaloid Carcinoma with Shadow Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zamecnik Michal , Jando Daniel , Kascak Peter
Published: February 2014

So-called shadow cell differentiation (SCD) is typical for pilomatrixoma and other skin lesions with follicular differentiation, but it was rarely described also in some visceral carcinomas. We report a case of ovarian basaloid carcinoma with SCD. The tumor presented as a 14 cm ovarian mass in a 45-year-old woman, and therefore the adnexectomy and hysterectomy were performed. The tumor was of high stage. Multiple metastases were found in the liver, retroperitoneal and mediastinal lymph nodes, and the lung. Histologically, the tumor showed a pattern of high-grade basaloid carcinoma with numerous shadow cells. Extensive histologic examination did not reveal any glandular or preexisting teratoma component. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed markers of squamous cell differentiation, such as p63, cytokeratin 5/6, and high-molecular-weight keratin. Cytokeratin 7 and CA125 were positive in scattered cells of the lesion. Estrogen and progesterone receptor, vimentin, and p53 were negative. Beta-catenin showed nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity, indicating possible tumor proliferation/differentiation via Wnt signaling pathway. To our knowledge, SCD in basaloid carcinoma of the ovary was not described before. In addition to the description of the case, we review the literature on SCD in visceral carcinomas.
Study on the Effectiveness of the Investment Strategy Based on a Classifier with Rules Adapted by Machine Learning
Authors: Wiliński A. , Bera A. , Nowicki W. , Błaszyński P.
Published: February 2014

This paper examines two transactional strategies based on the classifier which opens positions using some rules and closes them using different rules. A rule set contains time-varying parameters that when matched allow making an investment decision. Researches contain the study of variability of these parameters and the relationship between learning period and testing (using the learned parameters). The strategies are evaluated based on the time series of cumulative profit achieved in the test periods. The study was conducted on the most popular currency pair EURUSD (Euro-Dollar) sampled with interval of 1 hour. An important contribution to the theory of algotrading resulting from presented research is specification of the parameter space (quite large, consisting of 11 parameters) that achieves very good results using cross validation.
Primary Small Cell Undifferentiated (Neuroendocrine) Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Yadav Santosh Kumar , Shetty Premalatha
Published: February 2014

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC) of the paranasal sinuses is an extremely rare and distinctive tumor with aggressive clinical behavior. Moreover, SNECs originating in the head and neck region have been reported to be highly aggressive and to have a poor prognosis. This report describes a patient with a maxillary sinus SNEC who was successfully treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Optimization and Validation of Indirect ELISA Using Truncated TssB Protein for the Serodiagnosis of Glanders amongst Equines
Authors: Singha Harisankar , Malik Praveen , Goyal Sachin K. , Khurana Sandip K. , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Eshwara Vandana K. , Singh Raj K.
Published: February 2014

Objective. To express truncated TssB protein ofBurkholderia malleiand to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy for serological detection of glanders among equines.Materials and Methods. In an attempt to develop recombinant protein based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), N-terminal 200 amino acid sequences ofB. malleiTssB protein—a type 6 secretory effector protein—were expressed in prokaryotic expression system. Diagnostic potential of recombinant TssB protein was evaluated in indirect ELISA using a panel of glanders positive (n=49), negative (n=30), and field serum samples (n=1811). Cross-reactivity of the assay was assessed with equine disease control serum and human melioidosis positive serum.Results. In comparison to CFT, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 99.7% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions. The indirect ELISA method using the truncated TssB offered safer and more rapid and efficient means of serodiagnosis of glanders in equines. These data highlight the use of TssB as potential diagnostic antigen for serological diagnosis of glanders.
FGF23 Producing Mesenchymal Tumor
Authors: Papierska Lucyna , Ćwikła Jarosław B. , Misiorowski Waldemar , Rabijewski Michał , Sikora Krzysztof , Wanyura Hubert
Published: February 2014

A 40-year-old patient was referred to Clinic of Endocrinology due to hypophosphatemia causing pain, cramps, and weakness of muscles. Moreover, his bone mineral density was very low. The previous treatment with phosphorus and active vitamin D metabolites was ineffective. In lab tests the hypophosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, and elevated FGF23 levels were found. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) showed increased radiotracer uptake in the right maxillary sinus and CT scans confirmed presence of tumor in this localization. Biopsy and cytological examination created suspicion of mesenchymal tumor—glomangiopericytoma. Waiting for surgery the patient was treated with long acting Somatostatine analogue, and directly before operation short acting Octreotide and intravenous phosphorus were used. Histology confirmed the cytological diagnosis and the phosphatemia return to normal values in 10 days after the tumor removal.
Physician Awareness of Knee and Hip Pain in the Context of Coronary Heart Disease Treatment
Authors: Glehr Mathias , Kaltenbach Anna , Glehr Reinhold , Sadoghi Patrick , Leithner Andreas , Gruber Gerald , Szkandera Joanna , Ludt Sabine , Vielgut Ines , Glehr Reingard , Wensing Michel
Published: February 2014

Background. The benefit of physical activity for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been well documented. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of awareness among general practitioners (GPs) of knee and hip problems in patients with CVD or CVD risk.Design. Cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Setting and Subjects. Thirty-five Austrian GPs and 1,118 patients were included. The GPs completed an extraction form about the presence or absence of documented evidence of problems related to the knee and/or hip joint within the patient medical data. Patients, in turn, were asked to complete a questionnaire that included the Oxford Knee/Hip Score and the cardiovascular risk-chart established by the European Society of Cardiology.Results. In 748 patients’ data from medical records and questionnaires were available. 40.9% of these patients suffered from serious knee pain and 32.1% from hip pain. However, in the medical records, in only 51.3% (knee) and 48.1% (hip) of these pain-patients the problems were documented.Conclusion. Joint disorders of the knee and hip problems are considerable barriers to effective physical activity and can therefore contribute to the development of CVD. Our data showed that GP awareness of such knee/hip disorders should be improved.
The Dyeing Procedures Evaluation of Wool Fibers withPrangos ferulaceaand Fastness Characteristics
Authors: Barani Hossein , Rahimpour Shahdokht
Published: February 2014

In this study, the dyeing procedure of wool fibers withPrangos ferulaceawas evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Using this method, the quantitive relationship between dye concentration ofPrangos ferulacea, mordant concentration, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time on the dyeing procedure was investigated. The effect of these variables as well as plasma pretreatment was examined on the color strength of dyed samples. Finally, the fastness characteristic of dye sampled at proposed optimized condition was reported. The obtained results indicate that the presence of mordant improved the fastness properties and dyes uptake of wool fibers.
Mandibuloacral Dysplasia Caused byLMNAMutations and Uniparental Disomy
Authors: Bai Shaochun , Lozada Anthony , Jones Marilyn C. , Dietz Harry C. , Dempsey Melissa , Das Soma
Published: February 2014

Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, skeletal malformations, and mottled cutaneous pigmentation. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is characterized by the clinical features of accelerated aging in childhood. Both MAD and HGPS can be caused by mutations in theLMNAgene. In this study, we describe a 2-year-old boy with overlapping features of MAD and HGPS. Mutation analysis of theLMNAgene revealed a homozygous missense change, p.M540T, while only the mother carries the mutation. Uniparental disomy (UPD) analysis for chromosome 1 showed the presence of maternal UPD. Markers in the 1q21.3–q22 region flanking theLMNAlocus were isodisomic, while markers in the short arm and distal 1q region were heterodisomic. These results suggest that nondisjunction in maternal meiosis followed by loss of the paternal chromosome 1 during trisomy rescue might result in the UPD1 and homozygosity for the p.M540T mutation observed in this patient.
The Prevalence of Familial Multiple Sclerosis in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Authors: Hader Walter J. , Yee Irene M.
Published: February 2014

Background. A population-based prevalent cohort of 150 clinical definite multiple sclerosis (MS) cases (102 women; 48 men) ascertained on January 1, 1977, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, was found to have a familial rate of MS as 17.3%.Objectives. To determine the occurrence of familial MS cases and the frequency of MS among the biological relatives of the study cohort.Methods. The search for new familial cases MS affected relatives continued for 35 years until 2012. The natural history of the disease of sporadic cases is compared with that of the familial cases. SPSS V19 and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for data analysis.Results. Of the 150 unrelated MS patients, 49 cases (32.7%) (36 women and 13 men) were reported of having at least one family member with MS. There were a total of 86 affected relatives, 26 (30.2%) first-degree relatives, 15 (17.4%) second-degree relatives, 20 (23.3%) third-degree relatives, and 25 (29.1%) distant relatives. The average age of MS onset for men with sporadic MS was 33.9 (SD = 10) years and 27.6 (SD = 8.4) years for familial cases and 29.3 (SD = 8.3) years and 26.8 (SD = 8.5) years for women.Conclusion. This 35-year longitudinal natural history study reveals a high frequency of cases with family members developing MS and supports a genetic influence in the etiology of MS.
Thermal Expansion Behavior of Nonoriented Polypropylene/Clay Composites
Authors: Alsewailem Fares D. , Tanoglu Metin
Published: February 2014

Linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) was measured for compression molding samples of polypropylene (PP)/clay composites with clay loading of 0 to 7 wt%. Composites were prepared by internal batch mixer and specimens were prepared by compression molding. These processing methods are not anticipated to have a preference for orientation; therefore effect of anisotropy was minimal. The LTEC was measured along three different faces of the compression molding sheets, parallel to compression direction S1 and perpendicular to compression directions S2 and S3. The LTEC for neat PP measured by current research, 1×10-4 mm/mm/°C, was not found to be altered by direction of the measurements. Similar behavior was observed with composites having very moderate clay content, that is, 5 wt%. An interesting finding by current study was that incorporating clay particles into the PP matrix led to better shrinkage or contraction behavior of the samples prepared by compression molding.
Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Chinese Bohai Sea and Its Coastal Regions
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Gao Yan , Wang Yawei , Pan Yuanyuan
Published: February 2014

Emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have widely aroused public concern in recent years. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride/perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (POSF/PFOS) had been newly listed in Stockholm Convention in 2009, and short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were listed as candidate POPs. Bohai Sea is located in the arms of numbers of industrial cities, the semienclosed location of which makes it an ideal sink of emerging pollutants. In the present paper, latest contamination status of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea was reviewed. According to the literature data, Bohai Sea areas are not heavily contaminated by emerging POPs (PBDE: 0.01–720 ng/g; perfluorinated compounds: 0.1–304 ng/g; SCCPs: 64.9–5510 ng/g; HBCDs: nd-634 ng/g). Therefore, humans are not likely to be under serious risk of emerging POPs exposure through consuming seafood from Bohai Sea. However, the ubiquitous occurrence of emerging POPs in Bohai Sea region might indicate that more work should be done to expand the knowledge about potential risk of emerging POPs pollution.
Endoscopic and Pathologic Changes of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sakuraba Atsushi , Iwao Yasushi , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Naganuma Makoto , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori , Hibi Toshifumi
Published: February 2014

Background. Crohn’s disease (CD) may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. We assessed the prevalence and features of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) lesions in CD.Methods. This was a retrospective study that included 138 CD patients that underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The rate of Crohn’s specific endoscopic lesions in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum was assessed, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed. Changes in the UGI lesions were assessed in those who had two or more EGD.Results. Of 138 patients, 51.3% had Crohn’s specific UGI lesions. The rates of Crohn’s specific lesion in the esophagus, upper-to-middle stomach, lower stomach, duodenal bulb, and 2nd portion of the duodenum were 6.5%, 47.8%, 24.6%, 31.9%, and 18.1%, respectively. Granulomas were detected in 6.1%, 25.0%, and 11.4% in the upper-to-middle stomach, lower stomach, and duodenal bulb, respectively, but none in the esophagus and 2nd portion of the duodenum. Thirty-seven were analyzed forHelicobacter pyloriand 4 were positive (10.8%). Improvements of UGI lesions were seen in 14 out of 49 (28.5%) and were unchanged in 59.2% and worsened in 12.2%.Conclusions. The prevalence of Crohn’s specific UGI lesions was common in our case series, and immunohistochemical studies suggested that the majority was unrelated toHelicobacter pyloriinfection. Worsening of UGI lesions over the course was rare.
Intravascular Glomus Tumor of the Forearm Causing Chronic Pain and Focal Tenderness
Authors: Lee Sang Ki , Song Dae Geon , Choy Won Sik
Published: February 2014

Introduction. A glomus tumor is a benign vascular tumor derived from glomus cells and occurs mainly in the subcutaneous layer of the subungual or digital pulp. Extradigital glomus tumors have been reported within the palm, wrist, forearm, foot, bone, stomach, colon, cervix, and mesentery. Glomus tumors can originate from the intraosseous, intramuscular, periosteal, intravascular, and intraneural layers. However, a glomus tumor originating from the intravascular layer of the forearm is a rare condition.Case Report. A 44-year-old woman had a 7-year history of chronic pain and focal tenderness of the forearm. No hypersensitivity or sensory alterations were observed. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass measuring 5 × 3 × 2 mm leading to a vein. Surgical excision was performed, and the tumor was completely resected. Finding of gross examination revealed a dark-red, well-defined soft tissue tumor, and histologic examination confirmed that the mass was a glomus tumor. The patient’s symptoms were completely resolved postoperatively.Conclusion. Intravascular glomus tumors rarely occur in the forearm; therefore, a thorough physical exam, comprehensive medical history, in-depth imaging, and early surgical excision upon clinical suspicion may be helpful to prevent a delayed or incorrect diagnosis.
Use of Synthetic Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides as Artificial Test Soiling for Validation of Surgical Instrument Cleaning Processes
Authors: Wilhelm Nadja , Perle Nadja , Simmoteit Robert , Schlensak Christian , Wendel Hans P. , Avci-Adali Meltem
Published: February 2014

Surgical instruments are often strongly contaminated with patients’ blood and tissues, possibly containing pathogens. The reuse of contaminated instruments without adequate cleaning and sterilization can cause postoperative inflammation and the transmission of infectious diseases from one patient to another. Thus, based on the stringent sterility requirements, the development of highly efficient, validated cleaning processes is necessary. Here, we use for the first time synthetic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA_ODN), which does not appear in nature, as a test soiling to evaluate the cleaning efficiency of routine washing processes. Stainless steel test objects were coated with a certain amount of ssDNA_ODN. After cleaning, the amount of residual ssDNA_ODN on the test objects was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The established method is highly specific and sensitive, with a detection limit of 20 fg, and enables the determination of the cleaning efficiency of medical cleaning processes under different conditions to obtain optimal settings for the effective cleaning and sterilization of instruments. The use of this highly sensitive method for the validation of cleaning processes can prevent, to a significant extent, the insufficient cleaning of surgical instruments and thus the transmission of pathogens to patients.
A Perspective Review on Numerical Simulations of Hemodynamics in Aortic Dissection
Authors: Wan Ab Naim Wan Naimah , Ganesan Poo Balan , Sun Zhonghua , Chee Kok Han , Hashim Shahrul Amry , Lim Einly
Published: February 2014

Aortic dissection, characterized by separation of the layers of the aortic wall, poses a significant challenge for clinicians. While type A aortic dissection patients are normally managed using surgical treatment, optimal treatment strategy for type B aortic dissection remains controversial and requires further evaluation. Although aortic diameter measured by CT angiography has been clinically used as a guideline to predict dilation in aortic dissection, hemodynamic parameters (e.g., pressure and wall shear stress), geometrical factors, and composition of the aorta wall are known to substantially affect disease progression. Due to the limitations of cardiac imaging modalities, numerical simulations have been widely used for the prediction of disease progression and therapeutic outcomes, by providing detailed insights into the hemodynamics. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing numerical models developed to investigate reasons behind tear initiation and progression, as well as the effectiveness of various treatment strategies, particularly the stent graft treatment.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Tribological Behavior of Oleic Acid Capped Graphene Oxide
Authors: Chen Tiedan , Xia Yanqiu , Jia Zhengfeng , Liu Zhilu , Zhang Haobo
Published: February 2014

Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by modified Hummers and Offeman methods. Furthermore, oleic acid (OA) capped graphene oxide (OACGO) nanosheets were prepared and characterized by means of Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). At the same time, the friction and wear properties of OA capped graphite powder (OACG), OACGO, and oleic acid capped precipitate of graphite (OACPG) as additives in poly‐alpha‐olefin (PAO) were compared using four‐ball tester and SRV‐1 reciprocating ball‐on‐disc friction and wear tester. By the addition of OACGO to PAO, the antiwear ability was improved and the friction coefficient was decreased. Also, the tribological mechanism of the GO was investigated.
A Review of the Wood Pellet Value Chain, Modern Value/Supply Chain Management Approaches, and Value/Supply Chain Models
Authors: Hughes Natalie M. , Shahi Chander , Pulkki Reino
Published: February 2014

We reviewed 153 peer-reviewed sources to provide identification of modern supply chain management techniques and exploration of supply chain modeling, to offer decision support to managers. Ultimately, the review is intended to assist member-companies of supply chains, mainly producers, improve their current management approaches, by directing them to studies that may be suitable for direct application to their supply chains and value chains for improved efficiency and profitability. We found that information on supply chain management and modeling techniques in general is available. However, few Canadian-based published studies exist regarding a demand-driven modeling approach to value/supply chain management for wood pellet production. Only three papers were found specifically on wood pellet value chain analysis. We propose that more studies should be carried out on the value chain of wood pellet manufacturing, as well as demand-driven management and modeling approaches with improved demand forecasting methods.
Flow Cytometric Detection of p38 MAPK Phosphorylation and Intracellular Cytokine Expression in Peripheral Blood Subpopulations from Patients with Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Mavropoulos Athanasios , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Liaskos Christos , Orfanidou Timoklia , Simopoulou Theodora , Zafiriou Efterpi , Sakkas Lazaros I. , Rigopoulou Eirini I.
Published: February 2014

Flow cytometric analysis of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling cascade is optimally achieved by methanol permeabilization protocols. Such protocols suffer from the difficulties to accurately detect intracellular cytokines and surface epitopes of infrequent cell subpopulations, which are removed by methanol. To overcome these limitations, we have modified methanol-based phosphoflow protocols using several commercially available antibody clones suitable for surface antigens, intracellular cytokines, and p38 MAPK. These included markers of B cells (CD19, CD20, and CD22), T cells (CD3, CD4, and CD8), NK (CD56 and CD7), and dendritic cells (CD11c). We have also tested surface markers of costimulatory molecules, such as CD27. We have successfully determined simultaneous expression of IFN-γ, as well as IL-10, and phosphorylated p38 in cell subsets. The optimized phosphoflow protocol has also been successfully applied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or purified cell subpopulations from patients with various autoimmune diseases. In conclusion, our refined phosphoflow cytometric approach allows simultaneous detection of p38 MAPK activity and intracellular cytokine expression and could be used as an important tool to study signaling cascades in autoimmunity.
Magnitude and Implications of Interfraction Variations in Organ Doses during High Dose Rate Brachytherapy of Cervix Cancer: A CT Based Planning Study
Authors: Chakraborty Santam , Patel Firuza D. , Patil Vijay M. , Oinam Arun S. , Sharma Suresh C.
Published: February 2014

Background. Quantifying the interfraction dose variations in the organs at risk (OAR) in HDR intracavitary brachytherapy (HDR ICBT). Methods. Rectum and bladder were contoured in 44 patients of cervical carcinoma on CT after each fraction of HDR ICBT (9 Gy/2 fractions). Interfraction dose variations (VARact) were calculated. Rigid image registration of consecutive fraction images allowed quantification of the hypothetical variation in dose (VARhypo) arising exclusively due to changes in applicator placement and geometry. VARhypo was regressed against the VARact to find out to what extent the applicator variation could explain the VARact in the OAR. The rest of the variation was assumed to be due to organ deformation. Results. The VARact in the dose to 2 cc of bladder and rectum were 1.46 and 1.16 Gy, respectively. Increased dose was seen in 16 and 23 patients in the subsequent fraction for bladder and rectum, respectively. Doses to OAR would have exceeded constraints in 16% patients if second fraction was not imaged. VARhypo explained 19% and 47% of the VARact observed for the bladder and rectum respectively. Conclusions. Significant interfraction variations in OAR doses can occur in HDR ICBT. Organ deformations are mostly responsible for this variation.
Suicide Attempts in Malaysia from the Year 1969 to 2011
Authors: Sinniah Aishvarya , Maniam T. , Oei Tian Po , Subramaniam Ponnusamy
Published: February 2014

The aim of this paper is to review the literature on suicide attempts in Malaysia. PsycINFO, PubMed, and Medline databases from 1845 to 2012 and detailed manual search of local official reports from the Ministry of Health and the Malaysian Psychiatric Association and unpublished dissertations from 3 local universities providing postgraduate psychiatric training were included in the current review. A total of 38 studies on suicide attempts in Malaysia were found and reviewed. Twenty-seven (76%) of the studies on suicide attempts were descriptive studies looking at sociodemographic data, psychiatric illnesses, and methods and reasons for suicide attempts. No study has been conducted on treatment and interventions for suicide attempts and the impact of culture was rarely considered. The review showed that in order for researchers, clinicians, and public health policy makers to obtain a better understanding of suicide attempts in Malaysia, more systematic and empirically stringent methodologies and research frameworks need to be used.
Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Nanoα-Al2O3Composites
Authors: Mirjalili F. , Chuah L. , Salahi E.
Published: February 2014

A nanocomposite containing polypropylene (PP) and nanoα-Al2O3particles was prepared using a Haake internal mixer. Mechanical tests, such as tensile and flexural tests, showed that mechanical properties of the composite were enhanced by addition of nanoα-Al2O3particles and dispersant agent to the polymer. Tensile strength was approximately∼16% higher than pure PP by increasing the nanoα-Al2O3loading from 1 to 4 wt% into the PP matrix. The results of flexural analysis indicated that the maximum values of flexural strength and flexural modulus for nanocomposite without dispersant were 50.5 and 1954 MPa and for nanocomposite with dispersant were 55.88 MPa and 2818 MPa, respectively. However, higher concentration of nanoα-Al2O3loading resulted in reduction of those mechanical properties that could be due to agglomeration of nanoα-Al2O3particles. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic observations of the nanocomposites also showed that fracture surface became rougher by increasing the content of filler loading from 1 to 4% wt.
Dynamics of a Diffusive Predator-Prey Model with General Nonlinear Functional Response
Authors: Yang Wensheng
Published: February 2014

We study a diffusive predator-prey model with nonconstant death rate and general nonlinear functional response. Firstly, stability analysis of the equilibrium for reduced ODE system is discussed. Secondly, sufficient and necessary conditions which guarantee the predator and the prey species to be permanent are obtained. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the global asymptotical stability of the unique positive equilibrium of the system are derived by using the method of Lyapunov function. Finally, we show that there are no nontrivial steady state solutions for certain parameter configuration.
Approximating Common Fixed Points of Bregman Weakly Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
Authors: Pang Chin-Tzong , Naraghirad Eskandar
Published: February 2014

Using Bregman functions, we introduce a new hybrid iterative scheme for finding common fixed points of an infinite family of Bregman weakly relatively nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. We prove a strong convergence theorem for the sequence produced by the method. No closedness assumption is imposed on a mappingT:C→C, whereCis a closed and convex subset of a reflexive Banach spaceE. Furthermore, we apply our method to solve a system of equilibrium problems in reflexive Banach spaces. Some application of our results to the problem of finding a minimizer of a continuously Fréchet differentiable and convex function in a Banach space is presented. Our results improve and generalize many known results in the current literature.
Thermodynamics Analysis of Refinery Sludge Gasification in Adiabatic Updraft Gasifier
Authors: Ahmed Reem , Sinnathambi Chandra M. , Eldmerdash Usama , Subbarao Duvvuri
Published: February 2014

Limited information is available about the thermodynamic evaluation for biomass gasification process using updraft gasifier. Therefore, to minimize errors, the gasification of dry refinery sludge (DRS) is carried out in adiabatic system at atmospheric pressure under ambient air conditions. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the physical and chemical energy and exergy of product gas at different equivalent ratios (ER). It will also be used to determine whether the cold gas, exergy, and energy efficiencies of gases may be maximized by using secondary air injected to gasification zone under various ratios (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) at optimum ER of 0.195. From the results obtained, it is indicated that the chemical energy and exergy of producer gas are magnified by 5 and 10 times higher than their corresponding physical values, respectively. The cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies of DRS gasification are in the ranges of 22.9–55.5%, 43.7–72.4%, and 42.5–50.4%, respectively. Initially, all 3 efficiencies increase until they reach a maximum at the optimum ER of 0.195; thereafter, they decline with further increase in ER values. The injection of secondary air to gasification zone is also found to increase the cold gas, energy, and exergy efficiencies. A ratio of secondary air to primary air of 0.5 is found to be the optimum ratio for all 3 efficiencies to reach the maximum values.
Using Kalman Filters to Reduce Noise from RFID Location System
Authors: Henriques Abreu Pedro , Xavier José , Castro Silva Daniel , Reis Luís Paulo , Petry Marcelo
Published: February 2014

Nowadays, there are many technologies that support location systems involving intrusive and nonintrusive equipment and also varying in terms of precision, range, and cost. However, the developers some time neglect the noise introduced by these systems, which prevents these systems from reaching their full potential. Focused on this problem, in this research work a comparison study between three different filters was performed in order to reduce the noise introduced by a location system based on RFID UWB technology with an associated error of approximately 18 cm. To achieve this goal, a set of experiments was devised and executed using a miniature train moving at constant velocity in a scenario with two distinct shapes—linear and oval. Also, this train was equipped with a varying number of active tags. The obtained results proved that the Kalman Filter achieved better results when compared to the other two filters. Also, this filter increases the performance of the location system by 15% and 12% for the linear and oval paths respectively, when using one tag. For a multiple tags and oval shape similar results were obtained (11–13% of improvement).
Suboptimal Control Using Model Order Reduction
Authors: Pati Avadh , Kumar Awadhesh , Chandra Dinesh
Published: February 2014

A Padé approximation based technique for designing a suboptimal controller is presented. The technique uses matching of both time moments and Markov parameters for model order reduction. In this method, the suboptimal controller is first derived for reduced order model and then implemented for higher order plant by partial feedback of measurable states.
Some Convergence and Stability Results for the Kirk Multistep and Kirk-SP Fixed Point Iterative Algorithms
Authors: Gürsoy Faik , Karakaya Vatan , Rhoades B. E.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new Kirk type iterative algorithm called Kirk multistep iteration and to study its convergence. We also prove some theorems related to the stability results for the Kirk multistep and Kirk-SP iterative processes by employing certain contractive-like operators. Our results generalize and unify some other results in the literature.
A Database Tool for Raising Awareness on the Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Household Packaging Waste
Authors: Abeliotis Konstadinos , Zachos Fotios , Lasaridi Katia
Published: February 2014

Packaging is a key stage of the life cycle of a product regarding its environmental impact. Also, the contribution of the households in the success of packaging recycling programs is well documented. The aim of this paper is the presentation of the development of a computer-aided tool that assists consumers in minimising their everyday environmental impact via the environmental assessment of the products’ packaging coupled with the recycling behaviour of the consumer. The tool has been developed in Microsoft Access and consists of a user-friendly interface and four databases which contain data on the packaging materials of consumer products and their weights alongside with data for the recycling rates of various waste packaging materials in Greece. The user inputs the number of packages per product that he/she bought followed by his/her recycling habits. The tool then calculates the environmental impacts of his/her choices (both consumer and recycling). The key advantage of the developed computer tool is its simplicity, both conceptual and operable. On the other hand, its main drawback is that impact assessment data are based on Dutch conditions. Overall, the implications of the developed computer-aided tool for informing and raising consumer awareness on packaging waste recycling are enormous.
Facile Synthesis of Curcumin‐Loaded Starch‐Maleate Nanoparticles
Authors: Pang Suh Cem , Tay Soon Hiang , Chin Suk Fun
Published: February 2014

We have demonstrated the loading of curcumin onto starch maleate (SM) under mild conditions by mixing dissolved curcumin and SM nanoparticles separately in absolute ethanol and ethanol/aqueous (40 : 60 v/v), respectively. Curcumin‐loaded starch‐maleate (CurSM) nanoparticles were subsequently precipitated from a homogeneous mixture of these solutions in absolute ethanol based on the solvent exchange method. TEM analysis indicated that the diameters of CurSM nanoparticles were ranged between 30 nm and 110 nm with a mean diameter of 50 nm. The curcumin loading capacity of SM as a function of loading duration was investigated using the UV‐visible spectrophotometer. The loading of curcumin onto SM increased rapidly initially with loading duration, and the curcumin loading capacity of 15 mg/g was reached within 12 hours. CurSM nanoparticles exhibited substantially higher water solubility of 6.0 × 10−2 mg/mL which is about 300 times higher than that of pure curcumin. With enhanced water solubility and bioaccessibility of curcumin, the potential utility of CurSM nanoparticles in various biomedical applications is therefore envisaged.
Experimental Evaluation of an Internally Passively Pressurized Circulation Control Propeller
Authors: Kweder Jonathan , Zeune Cale H. , Geiger Jon , Lowery Andrew D. , Smith James E.
Published: February 2014

The purpose of circulation control for fixed wing aircrafts is to increase the lifting force when large lifting forces and/or slow speeds are required, such as at takeoff and landing. Wing flaps and slats are used on almost all fixed-wing aircraft. While effective in increasing lift, they do so with penalty of increasing drag, weight, and control complexity. The goal of this research was to find an alternative way of pumping pressurized air to the trailing edge slot on a UAV propeller. This design called for rerouting stagnation pressure from the frontal propeller area through the inside of the propeller blades to ejection slots on the trailing edge. This allows for the forward velocity of the aircraft to drive the pressurization of the circulation control plenum passively, without additional hardware. For this study, a Clark-Y airfoil section propeller with an overall diameter of 0.609 meters was designed and tested. The comparison of the augmented to unaugmented propeller showed a 5.12 percent increase in efficiency, which is shown to act over the entire range of flight envelopes of the aircraft and is shown to be particularly beneficial at advance ratios above 0.30, normal operating conditions of propeller-driven UAVs.
An Overview of Important Ethnomedicinal Herbs ofPhyllanthusSpecies: Present Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Sarin Bharti , Verma Nidhi , Martín Juan Pedro , Mohanty Aparajita
Published: February 2014

The genusPhyllanthusconsists of more than 1000 species, of which many are used as traditional medicines. The plant extracts have been used since ancient times, for treating hypertension, diabetes, hepatic, urinary, and sexual disorders, and other common ailments. Modern day scientific investigations have now confirmed pharmacognostic properties ofPhyllanthusherbs. The phytochemicals attributing these medicinal properties have been identified in many of thePhyllanthusherbs. The morphologically similar herbs ofPhyllanthusgrow together and admixture of species during collection for manufacture of herbal medicines is quite common. Hence, along with pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies, appropriate protocols for correct identification of species are also important. As the use of these herbs as green medicines is becoming more popular, it is imperative to assess its genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness for future conservation strategies. This review is an attempt to present an overview of the existing studies on pharmacognostics, phytochemistry, species identification, and genetic diversity ofPhyllanthusherbs and consequently (i) highlight areas where further research is needed and (ii) draw attention towards extending similar studies in underutilized but potentially important herbs such asP. maderaspatensis,P. kozhikodianus,P.rheedii,P. scabrifolius,andP. rotundifolius.