bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allah Tritunggal dan Nilai Rumah Adat bagi Hidup Menggereja. Studi Kasus di Paroki Maria Diangkat ke Surga, Rejeng, Manggarai, Keuskupan Ruteng
Authors: Jegaut Siprianus
Published: May 2024

The focus in this study is “Triune God and the Value of Traditional House for  Church Life in Manggarai.” It is a case study in the parish dedicated to the  the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into Heaven, Rejeng, Ruteng Diocese.”  The Church believes that God has already worked with in every culture  wherever the Gospel is proclaimed. Proclamation of the gospel aims to  contextualize it into the culture, in such a way that the gospel can truly be  accepted in any culture. The Christian congregations do not only accept it but  also live it out with in their culture. Their lives are truly imbued by the spirit  of the gospel. This study aims to investigate how the faith of the people takes  root in their culture. The method used in this study is a qualitative one with  two approaches, namely literature review and interviews. This study finds out  three main points: the communion with God; the traditional house as the place  to share love; and the celebration of faith in community.
On the shape of correlation matrices for unitaries
Authors: Mori Michiya
Published: May 2024

For a positive integer $n$, we study the collection $\mathcal {F}_{\mathrm {fin}}(n)$ formed of all $n\times n$ matrices whose entries $a_{ij}$, $1\leq i,j\leq n$, can be written as $a_{ij}=\tau (U_j^*U_i)$ for some $n$-tuple $U_1, U_2, …, U_n$ of unitaries in a finite-dimensional von Neumann algebra $\mathcal {M}$ with tracial state τ. We show that $\mathcal {F}_{\mathrm {fin}}(n)$ is not closed for every $n\geq 8$. This improves a result by Musat and R{ø}rdam which states the same for $n\geq 11$.
Limiting absorption principle and radiation conditions for Schrödinger operators with long-range potentials
Authors: Larsen Martin Dam
Published: May 2024

We show Rellich's theorem, the limiting absorption principle, and a Sommerfeld uniqueness result for a wide class of one-body Schrödinger operators with long-range potentials, extending and refining previously known results. Our general method is based on elementary commutator estimates, largely following the scheme developed recently by Ito and Skibsted.
Analyticity theorems for parameter-dependent plurisubharmonic functions
Authors: He Bojie
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we first show that a union of upper-level sets associated to fibrewise Lelong numbers of plurisubharmonic functions is in general a pluripolar subset. Then we obtain analyticity theorems for a union of sub-level sets associated to fibrewise complex singularity exponents of some special (quasi-)plurisubharmonic functions. As a corollary, we confirm that, under certain conditions, the logarithmic poles of relative Bergman kernels form an analytic subset when the (quasi-)plurisubharmonic weight function has analytic singularities. In the end, we give counterexamples to show that the aforementioned sets are in general non-analytic even if the plurisubharmonic function is supposed to be continuous.
A new invariant of lattice polytopes
Authors: Bruns Winfried , Hibi Takayuki
Published: May 2024

The maximal degree of monomials belonging to the unique minimal system of monomial generators of the canonical module $\omega (K[\mathcal{P}])$ of the toric ring $K[\mathcal{P}]$ defined by a lattice polytope $\mathcal{P}$ will be studied. It is shown that if $\mathcal{P}$ possesses an interior lattice point, then the maximal degree is at most $\dim \mathcal{P} - 1$, and that this bound is the best possible in general.
Kurstymo prieš bet kokios tautos, rasės, etninę, religinę ar kitokią žmonių grupę kvalifikavimo problematika Lietuvos baudžiamojoje teisėje
Authors: Aleknaitė Viltė
Published: May 2024

Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad Lietuvoje dažnu atveju ikiteisminiai tyrimai dėl neapykantos kurstymo nutraukiami nepasiekus teismo, o teismuose didelė dalis asmenų, kurie kaltinami kurstę neapykantą, išteisinami nenustačius jų veiksmuose neapykantos kurstymo sudėties požymių, šiame tyrime aptariama neapykantos kurstymo kvalifikavimo Lietuvos teismų praktikoje problematika. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra atlikus sisteminę šios veikos analizę, įvertinti baudžiamosios atsakomybės už šiuos nusikaltimus taikymą EŽTT jurisprudencijos ir ultima ratio principo kontekste. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad nei Lietuvoje, nei tarptautiniu mastu nėra įtvirtinto bendro neapykantos kurstymo apibrėžimo, tačiau neapykantos kurstymas gali būti apibūdinamas kaip bet kokios formos neapykantos, nukreiptos prieš asmenį ar asmenų grupę, išsiskiriančią tam tikru požymiu, skleidimas, skatinimas ar pateisinimas. Neapykantos kurstymas tiek Lietuvos teisės aktuose, tiek tarptautiniuose dokumentuose, įtvirtintas kaip nusikalstama veika, už kurią privaloma bausti baudžiamosios teisės priemonėmis. Vokietijoje, Jungtinėje Karalystėje bei Danijoje neapykantos kurstymas gali pasireikšti asmens įžeidimu ar žeminimu, tačiau Vokietijoje kurstant neapykantą turi būti sutrikdoma visuomenės rimtis. Tuo tarpu, Latvijoje neapykantos kurstymas gali pasireikšti per asmenų teisių ribojimą ar privilegijų suteikimą. Panašiai neapykantos kurstymas vertinamas ir Prancūzijoje, kur jis gali pasireikšti asmenis diskriminuojant, tačiau reikalinga įrodyti, kad neapykantos kurstymas sukėlė realius pavojingus padarinius – diskriminaciją, neapykantą ar net smurtą. Neapykantos kurstymo kvalifikavimas Lietuvoje nevisiškai atitinka EŽTT praktiką, kadangi Lietuvoje neapykantos kurstymu laikytini konkretūs ir tiesiogiai kurstantys neapykantą teiginiai, kai EŽTT neapykantos kalba pripažįsta ir netiesioginį neapykantos kurstymą, be to, priešingai EŽTT praktikai, Lietuvoje dažnu atveju vieno neapykantą kurstančio komentaro negana baudžiamosios atsakomybės taikymui, nes baudžiamosios atsakomybės taikymas už neapykantos kurstymo nusikaltimus Lietuvoje suvokiamas kaip ultima ratio priemonė, kai neapykantos kurstymo veiksmų pavojingumą pagrindžia jų sistemingumas ir reali grėsmė baudžiamojo įstatymo saugomoms vertybėms.
Future of District Heating Systems – Investigation of Various Technologies in Danish Context
Authors: Murkowska Marta Irena , Andersen Anders N.
Published: May 2024

In response to the urgent need for decarbonization, district heating (DH) systems must explore emission-reducing investments that simultaneously lower operational costs of the plant. The recent years with wildly fluctuating gas and electricity prices put even more emphasis on finding the optimal combination of generation units for DH systems. This article aims at investigating which of the available technologies are the future of district heating. Solar collectors, photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines and their combinations with other technologies are considered. The analysis is done based on Assens District Heating located in Funen, Denmark, where the annual heat production is approximately 96 000 MWh. The plant has already invested in an East-West oriented PV plant and a heat pump. However, for the purpose of this paper, an assumption is made that this investment can be redone based on the present investment costs in Denmark. The analysis is made in the energy system analysis tool energyPRO, where different combinations of technologies are analyzed. The study investigates the operational and investments costs, looking into the influence on Net Heat Production Cost (NHPC) and quantifying the investment yearly benefit. The results demonstrate profitability and feasibility of integrating renewable energy resources into district heating systems within the Danish context. The ambition is to showcase the possibilities and provide decision makers with insight into robust investments in renewable energy systems. Furthermore, by highlighting the success and potential of renewable energy integration in district heating systems in Denmark, this study aims to inspire further research and innovation in the field in other European countries, where the DH systems are primarily based on fossil fuels.
Use of an Absorption Heat Pump to Lift the District Cooling Waste Heat Temperature for the District Heating Supply in Tallinn: a Technical and Economic Analysis
Authors: Kirs Tanel , Latõšov Eduard , Volkova Anna
Published: May 2024

Absorption heat pumps can lift a lower temperature waste heat source to a higher temperature useful output. In that process, it uses less electricity as an input compared to heat pumps with electrical compressors. Therefore, in some cases, it can be used to lift a lower temperature waste heat source to a higher temperature useful output with less electricity consumption. Absorption heat pumps are not very widely spread in district heating, mostly because there aren’t many suitable waste heat sources or conditions needed to run them. Tallinn has a district heating system with an annual generation of more than 2 TWh and a goal to make it an entirely carbon neutral district heating system by 2030. Tallinn has also started to develop a district cooling network, and by the end of 2023, the installed capacity was about 6 MW. District cooling capacity is estimated to grow to around 100 MW in 2030. This paper investigates different types of absorption heat pumps and the possibilities of integrating an  absorption heat pump to a district cooling plant with the purpose of using waste heat from the cooling plant for renewable heat generation, that can be used in district heating. Different technical aspects are examined to find a suitable production solution, are presented as results. From an economical point of view, the cost of heat to cover peaks with an absorption heat pump is calculated. The effect of reducing fossil fuel use in the Tallinn district heating network with an absorption heat pump is estimated.
Measuring the Decarbonisation Progress of Buildings Based on European Open Big Data
Authors: Beltrán-Velamazán Carlos , Gómez-Gil Marta , Monzón-Chavarrías Marta , Espinosa-Fernández Almudena , López-Mesa Belinda
Published: May 2024

The European Commission (EC) has established climate neutrality by 2050 as one of its objectives. To achieve this, decarbonising the building stock is crucial since buildings are responsible for 36% of European greenhouse gas emissions. Monitoring the progress of decarbonisation is crucial to understand where we stand in terms of achieving long-term decarbonisation goals, facilitate evidence-based decision-making, promote accountability among member states (MS), and engage the public in these initiatives. However, data collection for monitoring the decarbonisation of buildings represents a challenge for MS, for which they may not be adequately prepared.To promote the collection and publication of open data, the EC has established frameworks for developing open data infrastructures within MS through various directives, offering comprehensive and well-organized information. Directives such as the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE), which advocates for the collection and accessibility of data in diverse topics, and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD), enabling the analysis of extensive information on the energy efficiency of constructed assets through the open publication of Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) databases, exemplify these efforts. However, this information often remains dispersed and narrowly focused, necessitating the integration of other data sources to extract meaningful insights.The paper delves into the benefits of georeferencing and automated cross-referencing of open data on buildings, enabling the monitoring of decarbonisation progress. To achieve this, we have developed a national-scale Urban Building Energy Model (UBEM) for Spain. This model is founded on EPCs and other open data derived from public information sources established through European directives. Additionally, we have investigated the prospect of integrating data from Digital Building Logbooks (DBL), which are emerging data repositories on buildings promoted by the EC in the forthcoming EPBD, into the UBEM to enhance the model.The study showcases significant potential in developing information on various topics, including characterising the Spanish building stock — a framework that may be extrapolated to other MS — in terms of energy performance based on location, archetype, and age. The study also focuses on estimating energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, monitoring the progress of renovations, evaluating the achieved energy savings, and identifying and characterising the least energy-efficient segments of the building stock.
Safe Insulation from the Inside as a Solution to the Energy and Climate Crisis
Authors: Bogdanovs Mihails , Blumberga Andra , Freimanis Ritvars
Published: May 2024

Along with rapid climate changes, issues related to energy efficiency and efficient use of energy are becoming more and more relevant in the EU. One of the energy-consuming sectors is buildings, which are responsible for about 40% of the EU final energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions. In addition to this, the current energy crisis has acutely raised the issue of energy poverty. Therefore, one of the ways to fight with energy poverty and high energy consumption in buildings is insulation from the inside. However, warming from the inside is risky due to hygrothermal processes and mold risks. This study assesses the hygrothermal performance of masonry walls with 9 interior insulation systems exposed to different external conditions in the climate chambers. Masonry walls were tested in a steady cycle, a dynamic cycle, a dynamic cycle with rain and a steady cycle as drying. Also, an identical simulation of the hygrothermal process was carried out in the DELPHIN software to compare results of both testing methods. Both vapor-open and vaportight systems were chosen as insulation systems. Results show that the hygrothermal behavior of vapor-open and vapor-tight insulation systems are different under different test cycles regarding different vapor diffusion resistance of materials. Mathematical simulations results are different from the climate chamber simulations, because of the change in material humidity, that are changing during climate chambers simulations. From this it can be concluded that mathematical simulations do not give a complete vision of hydrothermal processes, because they are dynamic, but in modeling the properties of materials are defined. The study provides valuable data on hygrothermal processes in different wall insulation systems from the inside.
Geospatial Analysis of Energy Poverty and Accessibility to District Heating Systems
Authors: Kirs Kristian , Volkova Anna
Published: May 2024

This research paper undertakes a comprehensive geospatial analysis to investigate the relationship between energy poverty and district heating accessibility in Estonia. Utilizing ArcGIS Pro and statistical software, the study maps district heating systems, evaluates the energy efficiency of apartment buildings, and examines socioeconomic factors influencing energy poverty. By integrating GIS data with socioeconomic and building energy performance indicators, the research identifies areas where district heating is either absent or inefficient and correlates these findings with instances of energy poverty. Preliminary data may indicate a significant correlation between the lack of accessible district heating and increased energy expenses among lower-income households. The study also evaluates the impact of building energy efficiency on heating needs, revealing that older, less efficient buildings contribute disproportionately to energy poverty. Recommendations include policy interventions to expand and optimize district heating networks, alongside building renovation programs to enhance energy efficiency. This research contributes to the broader understanding of sustainable urban heating solutions and their role in mitigating energy poverty.
The Creation of a New Model of a Gas-Turbine Electric Power-Generating Device
Authors: Shalamberidze Marlen , Tskipurishvili Tamar , Lobzhanidze Giorgi , Zivzivadze Lali
Published: May 2024

A hypothesis on the possibility of creating an electric power gas turbine device running on fuel gas is proposed, and the results of preliminary research experiments are given to evaluate the validity of this hypothesis. The assessment criteria for mixing fuel gas and air and the quality of combustion have been identified. In particular, it has been found that the burning of fuel gas with a blue flame in a combustion chamber of a particular, proposed design, is an indication that the content of the fuel gas mixture was optimal, the mixing process is perfect, and the exhaust gas is completely expelled from the combustion chamber. It has also been revealed that the criteria for quantitative assessment of the quality of the fuel gas combustion process is the force of the exhaust gas blown out of the combustion chamber acting on the blade of the gas turbine. It is shown that the optimal content of the propane-air mixture at atmospheric pressure is 92% air + 8% propane, and the force of the exhaust gas flow acting on the air turbine blade was 5 dekanewtons.The calculation shows that the action of total force of two chambers on the gas turbine blade can overcome the reaction force of the generator armature with a capacity of at least 1000 W.As is seen from the given approximate, simple calculations, a large amount of electricity can be generated by the proposed gas turbine devices if they are equipped with an electric generator of appropriate capacity and the appropriate number of combustion chambers.To determine the parameters of the proposed design of the combustion chamber of the gas turbine device, such as diameter, height, and volume, materials are provided based on the experiment, and an image is obtained that establishes a relationship between the force of the combustion chamber acting on the gas turbine blade and the mentioned parameters.
Surgical Procedures for a Greener Future: An Approach to Assess the Environmental Impact
Authors: Savio Anna , Marchi Beatrice , Roletto Andrea , Zanoni Simone
Published: May 2024

The healthcare sector is responsible for around 4.4% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, according to estimates. These emissions comprise both direct and indirect sources, with direct emissions encompassing aspects like patient transport, fuel consumption, and anaesthetic gases. Indirect emissions are associated with energy usage, including electricity purchases, as well as the products employed in healthcare, such as drugs and medical supplies. Operating rooms (OR) are responsible for the greatest rate of resource consumption and overall hospital waste, varying from 20% to 33%. Hence, it is essential to comprehend the environmental impact of surgical procedures to obtain insight into the total emissions associated with the healthcare sector. Moreover, the lack of uniformity in data collection and the discrepancy of the data used by researchers makes it challenging, if not ineffective, to conduct a rigorous scientific comparison among the currently available studies on the environmental impacts of surgical procedures. This study aims to provide a practical and standardised framework that can be utilised to evaluate, simply and consistently, the environmental impacts of surgical procedures. The adoption of a uniform methodology guarantees the inclusion of important variables and factors, preventing any oversights in the evaluation of the entire process. This allows for emphasis on the most sustainable techniques and permits the identification of controllable factors that can be modified within a short timeframe and are under the direct control of healthcare professionals. These factors include the selection of disposable or reusable instruments, the use of different anaesthetic gases, and the installation of different equipment.
Proportioning of Oil Shale Ash for Sustainable 3D Printable Mortars
Authors: Sinka Maris , Sapata Alise , Spurin Ella , Puzule Līga , Sahmenko Genadijs , Bajare Diana
Published: May 2024

To achieve optimal strength and printability, mortars used in 3D printing typically contain high proportions of cement and other fine-grained powders. Consequently,  the majority of mixtures used in 3D printing have high carbon footprint. Hence, there arises a critical need to study alternative supplementary cementitious materials aimed at reducing the environmental impact of mortars used in 3D printing. The use of oil shale ash as a partial substitute for cement not only addresses this issue but also presents an opportunity to repurpose waste from power plants in the Baltic states, where oil shale is intensively utilized.In this study, the influence on mechanical properties and durability of cement-based mortars was evaluated by substituting cement with oil shale ash in varying quantities. Specifically, 0% to 40% of cement mass was replaced with oil shale ash. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed for each mixture. By analyzing the material properties alongside the environmental impact for each mixture, the optimal percentage of substitute was determined.For the determination of the mechanical properties of each mixture, compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted on 3D printed samples in various directions, as well as on cast samples. To assess the durability of each mixture, freeze-thaw tests were performed on both 3D printed and cast samples.From the obtained results, we developed an algorithm that chooses the optimal mixture proportioning. Depending on material performance requirements set in the beginning, this algorithm gives the exact proportions of oil-shale ash and cement for the mixture, by taking into account both desired material properties and carbon dioxide emissions. As a result, an environmentally friendly cement-based mixture is obtained without losing the desired properties. By using this algorithm, it is possible to create a mortar with properties comparable to concrete with strength class C30/37 while reducing carbon emissions by 15% to 30%.
Sustainable Fish Feed: A Comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis
Authors: Zlaugotne Beate , Pubule Jelena
Published: May 2024

The concept of sustainability is used as an interpretation in terms of three dimensions - environmental, economic, and social dimensional balance. Several methodologies and tools have been developed to enable sustainability assessment in different sectors and different scales. To assess sustainability, it is necessary to clearly define the system and its elements and to select the appropriate indicators. Each method has advantages and disadvantages, but combining several methods can help overcome a weakness. The aquaculture sector continues to grow all over the world and therefore, to reduce the impact of the sector, it is necessary to evaluate reasonable alternatives. The aim of the study is to evaluate several fish feed compositions according to environmental parameters using life cycle analysis (LCA), for economic parameters using life cycle costs (LCC), for social parameters using social life cycle analysis (S-LCA), as well as comparing technical parameters. The result is an evaluation of fish feed considering several dimensions, to benefit the fish from this feed, as well as to reduce the impact on the environment from the production of feed.
Assessing the Applicability of Solar Thermal Technologies for Industrial Tea Drying
Authors: Seyitini Luckywell , Enweremadu Christopher Chintua
Published: May 2024

Most process heat being used for various industrial applications is supplied from fossil fuels. Coal, gas, and wood fuel are the most used heat resources which usually power steam boilers for production of heat used in a wide range of industrial processes. Since economic growth is largely linked to industrial production, it implies that, a shift towards use of clean energy technologies in industries is crucial to meet the rising demand of process heat while, cutting down carbon emissions to mitigate climate change. Solar thermal systems have over the past years shown potential as a practical alternative to fossil fuels for production of heat for several applications including, water and space heating, industrial process heating and electricity generation in thermal power plants. This study seeks to assess the feasibility of employing solar thermal technologies for drying purposes at Tingamira-Tanganda Tea estate in Zimbabwe.  Systems advisor model (SAM) was applied to simulate performance of linear Fresnel (LF) and parabolic trough (PT) solar thermal technologies for industrial tea drying. Information on daily heat demand, required process temperatures and current heat sources was obtained to inform the design process of the proposed solar thermal systems. LF system exhibited better techno-economic performance. It requires a smaller collector area (360 m2) with a lower initial capital cost which is about 8% cheaper. Moreover, it produces higher annual energy at lower levelized cost of heat for solar multiples higher than 1. Carbon footprint of the factory would be reduced by about 114 tonnes CO2 annually. Sensible thermal energy storage technology can be considered for back up heat and heat recovery.
Environmentally Friendly Processing of Forestry Biomass Side Streams – Coniferous Needles and Greenery
Authors: Mezulis Marcis , Millere Linda Liene , Arbidans Lauris , Klavins Maris , Grinfelds Uldis , Lauberts Maris
Published: May 2024

Replacement of fossil materials with renewable biomass is essential to address climate change challenges and implement bioeconomy as essential element of sustainable development model. A significant source of biomass is forestry, however besides timber significant amounts of forestry biomass side streams are formed and from circular bioeconomy perspective full utilisation of valuable resources is requested. One of side products of coniferous tree processing are needles and greenery and as these trees are dominant in Northern regions full use of their biomass can provide significant input to replace fossil resource-based substances and materials. Coniferous tree needles and greenery are a rich source of biologically active substances with wide application potential as resource for biopharma industries, for food and feed supplements and materials for diverse application. Traditionally for extraction of biologically active substances from coniferous needles and greenery toxic and hazardous solvents, such as organochlorine and hydrocarbon solvents has been used. The aim of the present study is to develop possibilities to use green chemistry approaches for coniferous needle and greenery extraction and following biorefinery to obtain biologically active components. For extraction of coniferous needle and greenery green solvents has been tested as well as so called intensive extraction methos has been used. The yield of extracts depends on extraction temperature, duration, solvent and other factors and optimal extraction conditions provide possibilities to obtain yield of extracts higher that use of traditionally used solvents. As a powerful tool to increase yields of extracts so called intensive extraction methods, such as treatment with ultrasound, microwaves, accelerated solvent extraction has been studied. The obtained extracts were characterised using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, liquid chromatography and other methods. Possibilities of biorefinery of obtained extracts to isolate groups of substances or individual substances has been discussed.
Design of a Fertilizing Robot Application with Regard to Energy Consumption
Authors: Olt Jüri , Liivapuu Olga , Virro Indrek , Lillerand Tormi
Published: May 2024

Electrically driven agricultural robots experience faster battery depletion than vehicles moving on asphalt because higher rolling and traction resistance require more energy. The problem arises in areas without access to the electrical grid, where charging electrically driven agricultural robots is not possible, resulting in interruptions to the robot's continuous operation. A combined energy production station powered by biogas, hydrogen, and solar energy with the prototype of autonomous fertilizing robot for blueberry plantations, to perform plant-based precision fertilization on depleted milled peat fields was created by the agrorobotics working group of the Estonian University of Life Sciences [1, 2]. The station includes unique components such as an automatic battery exchange system and an electric generator with a membrane motor. These, together with a solar energy and electric generator control system, as well as a battery charger, are mounted on a mobile platform (Figure 1). The objective of this article was to determine the energy requirements of an autonomous fertilizing robot during movement in the field and for carrying out technological operations. For this purpose, the mechanical power and energy required for the operation of the robot fertilizer spreader were first determined. Based on this, an accumulator with suitable power and capacity for the operation of the robot fertilizer spreader was selected. The travel distance of the robot on a single charge of the chosen accumulator was determined, as well as the traction power efficiency and specific power.
How Does a Decision-Making Tool Enhance Spent Mushroom Substrate Valorization into Polysaccharides?
Authors: Bohvalovs Girts , Blumberga Andra , Liberova Veronika , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2024

In mushroom farming, one kilogram harvested results in about five kilograms of spent mushroom substrate (SMS), posing an environmental management challenge. As an in-tune work with the concepts of circular economy, cleaner production, and waste minimization, this study has developed a mathematical model than analyzes the valorization potential of SMS through polysaccharide production. The in-depth mathematical model is based on a system dynamics approach, which explains the interactive interplay amongst the production process, related costs, energy consumption, and caused emissions. The model has been developed in a generic way. Meaning that it can be re-adjusted flexibly for a different cleaner production process. A user-friendly interface has been developed. Users can easily maneuver around the variables within the model that offers instantaneous insight into the environmental and economic impacts of SMS valorization. This interface was later integrated into an educational context to serve as an interactive decision-making tool for cleaner production modelling. The main purpose of the developed tool was to favor understanding of causalities between production chains, energy consumption, labor, emissions, and expenses. This tool has been tested on master’s degree students in a cleaner production course. Survey results show that 82% of students report the need to incorporate similar decision-making tools in their learning curriculum. In sum, the application of system dynamics to the valorization of SMS does not only present an attractive solution for this environmental problem but also shows great potential in setting educational backgrounds for an interactive and close-to-life learning process. It is recommended to develop more interactive tools available for students.
Sound Absorption Evaluation and Analysis Of Different Hemp Fiber Types
Authors: Strazdas Edgaras , Januševičius Tomas
Published: May 2024

In recent years, the global conversation surrounding sustainable practices and environmentally friendly alternatives has gained significant momentum. Hemp fiber presents a compelling alternative to conventional sound-absorbing materials, such as fiberglass, foam, and mineral wool.  Hemp fiber offers a plethora of positive environmental aspects from mitigating deforestation to reducing carbon emissions. In this study, six different types of hemp fiber samples were tested: Bleached hemp fiber (BHF), Cottonized hemp fiber (CHF), Boiled Cottonized hemp fiber (BCHF), Decorticated well stripped hemp fiber (DWSHF), Decorticated short, not combed hemp fiber (DSNCHF) and Decorticated short hemp fiber with 40% hurds (DSHFH). The sound absorption was measured using the impedance tube, transfer function method in accordance with ISO 10534-2 standard. The hemp fiber samples were changed in thickness of 20, 40, 60 mm and density from 50 to 250 kg/m3 in steps of 50 kg/m3. It has been found that all of hemp fiber types absorbs sounds of medium (600-2000 Hz) and high (2500-5000 Hz) frequencies very well. The sound absorption coefficient reaches up to 0.99 at medium and high frequencies. Absorption peaks occur at frequencies of 1000, 1250, 1600, 2500, 3150, 4000, 5000 Hz, depending on the measured fiber thickness, density, and type of measured fiber. It has been determined that in all cases, increasing the thickness of the hemp fiber sample increases sound absorption at lower frequencies. Sound absorption at lower frequencies also generally increases when using denser fibers, but this also depends on the type of hemp fiber being studied. Peaks in the sound absorption coefficient of 0.96-0.99 were mostly achieved when testing fibers with densities of 50, 100, and 150 kg/m3.
Factors Affecting Waste Recycling Habits in Latvia - Results From an Online Survey
Authors: Milbreta Ulla , Zakareviča Anna , Gušča Jūlija
Published: May 2024

While waste sorting is compulsory within the European Union, not all households in Latvia have the access to the waste sorting bins nor wish to recycle their household waste even if the bins are available. Despite the fact that several surveys have been conducted concluding that the recycling rates in Latvia are improving with every year, it is still not clear what are the factors that determine waste sorting and sustainable consumption habits in Latvia. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify factors that could be seen as predeterminants for waste sorting and sustainable consumption habits among the citizens of Latvia. Prior to the survey, an extensive literature search was made to identify and understand what are the most prominent socio-demographic and other factors that could affect waste sorting, plastic consumption, or sustainable behaviour habits. Literature findings revealed a heterogeneity of factors that could not be fully attributed nor classified based on the region of the country, some cultural aspects, the customs, or specific socio-demographic factors, indicating that the sustainable behaviour was mostly country -specific, and, therefore, could not be generalised to all the countries. Based on these findings an online survey was made. It was conducted for a one month period between the end of January and the end of February 2024. The data from different age groups of citizens of Latvia were collected. The results of the survey should shed a light on the factors that could be seen as determinants for waste sorting and sustainable consumption habits (or lack of them) among the inhabitants of Latvia. These results could help to develop better communication strategies based on the survey results to help to improve recycling indicators in Latvia.
Beyond the Colony-Forming-Unit: Rapid Bacterial Evaluation in Osteomyelitis
Authors: Sun Qi , Huynh Kimberley , Muratovic Dzenita , Gunn Nicholas J. , Zelmer Anja R. , Solomon L. Bogdan , Atkins Gerald J. , Yang Dongqing
Published: May 2024

Examination of bacteria/host cell interactions is important for understanding the aetiology of many infectious diseases. The colony-forming-unit (CFU) has been the standard for quantifying bacterial burden for the past century, however, this suffers from low sensitivity and is dependent on bacterial culturability
in vitro
. Our data demonstrate the discrepancy between the CFU and bacterial genome copy number in an osteomyelitis-relevant co-culture system and we confirm diagnosis and quantify bacterial load in clinical bone specimens. This study provides an improved workflow for the quantification of bacterial burden in such cases.
Cbfβ regulates Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap, and Tgfβ signaling pathways in articular cartilage homeostasis and protects from ACLT surgery-induced osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Wei , Lu Yun , Zhang Yan , Wu Jinjin , McVicar Abigail , Chen Yilin , Zhu Siyu , Zhu Guochun , Lu You , Zhang Jiayang , McConnell Matthew , Li Yi-Ping
Published: May 2024

As the most common degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA) contributes significantly to pain and disability during aging. Several genes of interest involved in articular cartilage damage in OA have been identified. However, the direct causes of OA are poorly understood. Evaluating the public human RNA-seq dataset showed that CBFB (subunit of a heterodimeric Cbfβ/Runx1, Runx2, or Runx3 complex) expression is decreased in the cartilage of patients with OA. Here, we found that the chondrocyte-specific deletion of Cbfb in tamoxifen-induced Cbfbf/f;Col2a1-CreERT mice caused a spontaneous OA phenotype, worn articular cartilage, increased inflammation, and osteophytes. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that Cbfβ deficiency in articular cartilage resulted in reduced cartilage regeneration, increased canonical Wnt signaling and inflammatory response, and decreased Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ signaling. Immunostaining and western blot validated these RNA-seq analysis results. ACLT surgery-induced OA decreased Cbfβ and Yap expression and increased active β-catenin expression in articular cartilage, while local AAV-mediated Cbfb overexpression promoted Yap expression and diminished active β-catenin expression in OA lesions. Remarkably, AAV-mediated Cbfb overexpression in knee joints of mice with OA showed the significant protective effect of Cbfβ on articular cartilage in the ACLT OA mouse model. Overall, this study, using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, uncovered that low expression of Cbfβ may be the cause of OA. Moreover, Local admission of Cbfb may rescue and protect OA through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ/Smad2/3 signaling in OA articular cartilage, indicating that local Cbfb overexpression could be an effective strategy for treatment of OA.
Stable sequential dynamics in prefrontal cortex represents subjective estimation of time
Authors: Li Yiting , Yin Wenqu , Li Jiawen , Zhou Shanglin , Ma Chaolin , Yuan Peng , Li Baoming
Published: May 2024

Time estimation is an essential prerequisite underlying various cognitive functions. Previous studies identified “sequential firing” and “activity ramps” as the primary neuron activity patterns in the medial frontal cortex (mPFC) that could convey information regarding time. However, the relationship between these patterns and the timing behavior has not been fully understood. In this study, we utilized
in vivo
calcium imaging of mPFC in rats performing a timing task. By aligning long-term time-lapse datasets, we discovered that sequential patterns of time coding were stable over weeks, while cells with ramping activity patterns showed constant dynamism. Furthermore, with a novel behavior design that allowed the animal to determine individual trial interval, we were able to demonstrate that real-time adjustment in the sequence procession speed closely tracked the trial-to-trial interval variations. And errors in the rats’ timing behavior can be primarily attributed to the premature ending of the time sequence. Together, our data suggest that sequential activity might be a more relavent coding regime than the ramping activity in representing time under physiological conditions. Furthermore, our results imply the existence of a unique cell type in the mPFC that participates in the time-related sequences. Future characterization of this cell type could provide important insights in the neural mechanism of timing and related cognitive functions.
Aeromonas hydrophila CobQ is a new type of NAD+- and Zn2+-independent protein lysine deacetylase
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Wang Guibin , Zhang Lishan , Cai Qilan , Lin Meizhen , Huang Dongping , Xie Yuyue , Lin Wenxiong , Lin Xiangmin
Published: May 2024

Protein NƐ-lysine acetylation (Kac) modifications play crucial roles in diverse physiological and pathological functions in cells. In prokaryotic cells, there are only two types of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that are Zn2+- or NAD+-dependent. In this study, we reported a protein, AhCobQ, in Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 that presents NAD+- and Zn2+-independent KDAC activity. Furthermore, its KDAC activity is located in an unidentified domain (from 195 to 245 aa). Interestingly, AhCobQ has no homology with current known KDACs, and no homologous protein was found in eukaryotic cells. A protein substrate analysis showed that AhCobQ has specific protein substrates in common with other known KDACs, indicating that these KDACs can dynamically co-regulate the states of Kac proteins. Microbiological methods employed in this study affirmed AhCobQ’s positive regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) enzymatic activity at the K388 site, implicating AhCobQ in the modulation of bacterial enzymatic activities. In summary, our findings present compelling evidence that AhCobQ represents a distinctive type of KDAC with significant roles in bacterial biological functions.
Aeromonas hydrophila CobQ is a new type of NAD+- and Zn2+-independent protein lysine deacetylase in prokaryotes
Authors: Wang Yuqian , Wang Guibin , Zhang Lishan , Cai Qilan , Lin Meizhen , Huang Dongping , Xie Yuyue , Lin Wenxiong , Lin Xiangmin
Published: May 2024

Protein N
Ɛ
-lysine acetylation (Kac) modifications play crucial roles in diverse physiological and pathological functions in cells. In prokaryotic cells, there are only two types of lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that are Zn
2+
- or NAD
+
-dependent. In this study, we reported a protein, AhCobQ, in
Aeromonas hydrophila
ATCC 7966 that presents NAD
+
- and Zn
2+
-independent KDAC activity. Furthermore, its KDAC activity is located in an unidentified domain (from 195–245 aa). Interestingly, AhCobQ has no homology with current known KDACs, and no homologous protein was found in eukaryotic cells. A protein substrate analysis showed that AhCobQ has specific protein substrates in common with other known KDACs, indicating that these KDACs can dynamically co-regulate the states of Kac proteins. Microbiological methods employed in this study affirmed AhCobQ’s positive regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) enzymatic activity at the K388 site, implicating AhCobQ in the modulation of bacterial enzymatic activities. In summary, our findings present compelling evidence that AhCobQ represents a distinctive type of KDAC with significant roles in bacterial biological functions.
Downregulation of semaphorin 4A in keratinocytes reflects the features of non-lesional psoriasis
Authors: Kume Miki , Koguchi-Yoshioka Hanako , Nakai Shuichi , Matsumura Yutaka , Tanemura Atsushi , Yokoi Kazunori , Matsuda Shoichi , Nakamura Yuumi , Otani Naoya , Taminato Mifue , Tomita Koichi , Kubo Tateki , Wataya-Kaneda Mari , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Fujimoto Manabu , Watanabe Rei
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder mediated by IL-17-producing T cells, involving immune cells and skin-constituting cells. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), an immune semaphorin, is known to take part in T helper type 1/17 differentiation and activation. However, Sema4A is also crucial for maintaining peripheral tissue homeostasis and its involvement in skin remains unknown. Here, we revealed that while Sema4A expression was pronounced in psoriatic blood lymphocytes and monocytes, it was downregulated in the keratinocytes of both psoriatic lesions and non-lesions compared to controls. Imiquimod application induced more severe dermatitis in Sema4A knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The naïve skin of Sema4A KO mice showed increased T cell infiltration and IL-17A expression along with thicker epidermis and distinct cytokeratin expression compared to WT mice, which are hallmarks of psoriatic non-lesions. Analysis of bone marrow chimeric mice suggested that Sema4A expression in keratinocytes plays a regulatory role in imiquimod-induced dermatitis. The epidermis of psoriatic non-lesion and Sema4A KO mice demonstrated mTOR complex 1 upregulation, and the application of mTOR inhibitors reversed the skewed expression of cytokeratins in Sema4A KO mice. Conclusively, Sema4A-mediated signaling cascades can be triggers for psoriasis and targets in the treatment and prevention of psoriasis.
Downregulation of Semaphorin 4A in keratinocytes reflects the features of non-lesional psoriasis
Authors: Kume Miki , Koguchi-Yoshioka Hanako , Nakai Shuichi , Matsumura Yutaka , Tanemura Atsushi , Yokoi Kazunori , Matsuda Shoichi , Nakamura Yuumi , Otani Naoya , Taminato Mifue , Tomita Koichi , Kubo Tateki , Wataya-Kaneda Mari , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Fujimoto Manabu , Watanabe Rei
Published: May 2024

Psoriasis is a multifactorial disorder mediated by IL-17-producing T cells, involving immune cells and skin-constituting cells. Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), an immune semaphorin, is known to take part in T helper type 1/17 differentiation and activation. However, Sema4A is also crucial for maintaining peripheral tissue homeostasis and its involvement in skin remains unknown. Here, we revealed that while Sema4A expression was pronounced in psoriatic blood lymphocytes and monocytes, it was downregulated in the keratinocytes of both psoriatic lesions and non-lesions compared to controls. Imiquimod application induced more severe dermatitis in Sema4A knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The naïve skin of Sema4AKO mice showed increased T cell infiltration and IL-17A expression along with thicker epidermis and distinct cytokeratin expression compared to WT mice, which are hallmarks of psoriatic non-lesions. Analysis of bone marrow chimeric mice suggested that Sema4A expression in keratinocytes plays a regulatory role in imiquimod-induced dermatitis. The epidermis of psoriatic non-lesion and Sema4AKO mice demonstrated mTOR complex 1 upregulation, and the application of mTOR inhibitors reversed the skewed expression of cytokeratins in Sema4AKO mice. Conclusively, Sema4A-mediated signaling cascades can be triggers for psoriasis and targets in the treatment and prevention of psoriasis.
Research trends in interprofessional education programs related to medication for undergraduate nursing students: a scoping review
Authors: Jung Chaeyoon , Oh Jaeuk , Chu Sang Hui
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study investigated how interprofessional education (IPE) related to medication for undergraduate healthcare students, including nursing students, has been designed and conducted. Furthermore, the outcomes of these IPE programs were evaluated.Methods: A scoping review was performed to understand the content and methods of IPE on medication for undergraduate healthcare students, including nursing students. A literature search was done using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korean Nursing Database in English between January 2000 and December 2022. In total, 14 papers were selected and reviewed.Results: Eleven research studies were conducted on the implementation of one-time IPE on medication safety or errors. Among them, six studies focused on providing IPE to nursing students alongside medical and pharmacy students, while three studies targeted nursing and medical students, and two studies focused on nursing and pharmacy students. The most commonly employed educational method was simulation, which was utilized in 12 studies. All studies consistently reported a positive impact on attitudes toward IPE and effective communication. Additionally, five studies evaluating medication knowledge reported improvements in participants' understanding of drugs.Conclusion: The effects of IPE related to medication for undergraduate nursing students have been confirmed. It is necessary to introduce IPE in the field of pharmacology.