bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of plant-based diets on meta-inflammation and associated cardiometabolic disorders: a review
Authors: Escalante-Araiza Fabiola , Rivera-Monroy Germán , Loza-López Cristina E , Gutiérrez-Salmeán Gabriela
Published: March 2022

Meta-inflammation is a chronic, low-grade state of inflammation secondary to cardiometabolic disorders related to overweight (OW), obesity (OB), consumption of poor nutritional and hypercaloric diets with excessive amounts of lipids and sugars. It can lead to severe metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Several studies have reported that plant-based diets (PBDs) can be a useful non-pharmacological therapeutic tool for the prevention and treatment of meta-inflammation, since it has been reported that patients following PBDs have lower serum levels of proinflammatory markers, a reduction in weight, and an overall healthier lipid profile. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology of meta-inflammation, the growing worldwide trend toward adoption of PBDs, and how PBDs act to reduce meta-inflammation.
Dolutegravir Monotherapy as Maintenance Strategy: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fournier Anna L , Hocqueloux Laurent , Braun Dominique L , Metzner Karin J , Kouyos Roger D , Raffi François , Briant Anaïs R , Martinez Esteban , De Lazzari Elisa , Negredo Eugenia , Rijnders Bart , Rokx Casper , Günthard Huldrych F , Parienti Jean-Jacques
Published: March 2022

Background

Dolutegravir monotherapy (DTG-m) results in virological failure (VF) in some people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). We sought to identify the independent factors associated with the risk of VF and to explore the effect size heterogeneity between subgroups of PWH enrolled in DTG-m trials.

Methods

We searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating DTG-m versus combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) among PWH virologically controlled for at least 6 months on cART. We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis of VF risk factors and quantified their explained heterogeneity in random-effect models. Definition of VF was a confirmed plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) >50 copies/mL by week 48.

Results

Among 416 PWH from 4 RCTs, DTG-m significantly increased the risk of VF (16 of 227 [7%] versus 0 of 189 for cART; risk difference 7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1%–2%; P = .02; I2 = 51%). Among 272 participants exposed to DTG-m, VF were more likely in participants with the following: first cART initiated ≥90 days from HIV acute infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 5.16; 95% 95% CI, 1.60–16.65), CD4 T cells nadir <350/mm3 (aHR, 12.10; 95% CI, 3.92–37.40), HIV RNA signal at baseline (aHR, 4.84; 95% CI, 3.68–6.38), and HIV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number at baseline ≥2.7 log/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (aHR, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.99–7.30). Among these independent risk factors, the largest effect size heterogeneity was found between HIV DNA subgroups (I2 = 80.2%; P for interaction = .02).

Conclusions

Our study supports the importance of a large viral reservoir size for explaining DTG-m simplification strategy failure. Further studies are needed to link size and genetic diversity of the HIV-1 reservoir.
Autophosphorylation Inhibits RcCDPK1, a Dual-Specificity Kinase that Phosphorylates Bacterial-Type Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase in Castor Oil Seeds
Authors: Kilburn Ryan , Gerdis Suzanne A , She Yi-Min , Snedden Wayne A , Plaxton William C
Published: March 2022

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a tightly regulated enzyme that plays a crucial anaplerotic role in central plant metabolism. Bacterial-type PEPC (BTPC) of developing castor oil seeds (COS) is highly expressed as a catalytic and regulatory subunit of a novel Class-2 PEPC heteromeric complex. Ricinus communis Ca2+-dependent protein kinase-1 (RcCDPK1) catalyzes in vivo inhibitory phosphorylation of COS BTPC at Ser451. Autokinase activity of recombinant RcCDPK1 was detected and 42 autophosphorylated Ser, Thr or Tyr residues were mapped via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Prior autophosphorylation markedly attenuated the ability of RcCDPK1 to transphosphorylate its BTPC substrate at Ser451. However, fully dephosphorylated RcCDPK1 rapidly autophosphorylated during the initial stages of a BTPC transphosphorylation assay. This suggests that Ca2+-dependent binding of dephospho-RcCDPK1 to BTPC may trigger a structural change that leads to rapid autophosphorylation and subsequent substrate transphosphorylation. Tyr30 was identified as an autophosphorylation site via LC–MS/MS and immunoblotting with a phosphosite-specific antibody. Tyr30 occurs at the junction of RcCDPK1’s N-terminal variable (NTVD) and catalytic domains and is widely conserved in plant and protist CDPKs. Interestingly, a reduced rate and extent of BTPC transphosphorylation occurred with a RcCDPK1Y30F mutant. Prior research demonstrated that RcCDPK1’s NTVD is essential for its Ca2+-dependent autophosphorylation or BTPC transphosphorylation activities but plays no role in target recognition. We propose that Tyr30 autophosphorylation facilitates a Ca2+-dependent interaction between the NTVD and Ca2+-activation domain that primes RcCDPK1 for transphosphorylating BTPC at Ser451. Our results provide insights into links between the post-translational control of COS anaplerosis, Ca2+-dependent signaling and the biological significance of RcCDPK1 autophosphorylation.
ABI5 binding protein2 inhibits ABA responses during germination without ABA-INSENSITIVE5 degradation
Authors: Lynch Tim , Née Guillaume , Chu Avan , Krüger Thorben , Finkemeier Iris , Finkelstein Ruth R
Published: March 2022

Overexpression of ABA-INSENSITIVE5 binding proteins (AFPs) results in extreme ABA resistance of seeds and failure to acquire desiccation tolerance, at least in part through effects on chromatin modification. We tested the hypothesis that AFPs promote germination in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by also functioning as adapters for E3 ligases that ubiquitinate ABI5, leading to its degradation. Interactions between AFPs and two well-characterized classes of E3 ligases targeting ABI5, DWD HYPERSENSITIVE TO ABA (DWA)s and KEEP ON GOING, were analyzed by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and genetic assays. Although weak direct interactions were detected between AFPs and E3 ligases, loss of function for these E3 ligases did not impair ABA-resistance conferred by overexpression of the YFP–AFP2 fusion. Comparison of ABI5 and AFP2 levels in these lines showed that AFP2 accumulation increased during germination, but that ABI5 degradation followed germination, demonstrating that AFP2 overexpression reduces ABA sensitivity, thereby permitting germination prior to ABI5 degradation. Surprisingly, AFP2 overexpression in the dwa1 dwa2 mutant background produced the unusual combination of extreme ABA resistance and desiccation tolerance, creating an opportunity to separate the underlying biochemical characteristics of ABA sensitivity and desiccation tolerance. Our quantitative proteomics analysis identified at least three-fold more differentially accumulated seed proteins than previous studies. Comparison of dry seed proteomes of wild-type or dwa1 dwa2 mutants with or without AFP2 overexpression allowed us to separate and refine the changes in protein accumulation patterns associated with desiccation tolerance independently of ABA sensitivity, or vice versa, to a subset of cold-induced and defense stress-responsive proteins and signaling regulators.
Transcription factor StABI5-like 1 binding to the FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs promotes early maturity in potato
Authors: Jing Shenglin , Sun Xiaomeng , Yu Liu , Wang Enshuang , Cheng Zhengnan , Liu Huimin , Jiang Peng , Qin Jun , Begum Shahnewaz , Song Botao
Published: March 2022

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) maturity involves several important traits, including the onset of tuberization, flowering, leaf senescence, and the length of the plant life cycle. The timing of flowering and tuberization in potato is mediated by seasonal fluctuations in photoperiod and is thought to be separately controlled by the FLOWERING LOCUS T-like (FT-like) genes SELF-PRUNING 3D (StSP3D) and SELF-PRUNING 6A (StSP6A). However, the biological relationship between these morphological transitions that occur almost synchronously remains unknown. Here, we show that StABI5-like 1 (StABL1), a transcription factor central to abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, is a binding partner of StSP3D and StSP6A, forming an alternative florigen activation complex and alternative tuberigen activation complex in a 14-3-3-dependent manner. Overexpression of StABL1 results in the early initiation of flowering and tuberization as well as a short life cycle. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing, we demonstrate that AGAMOUS-like and GA 2-oxidase 1 genes are regulated by StABL1. Phytohormone profiling indicates an altered gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism and that StABL1-overexpressing plants are insensitive to the inhibitory effect of GA with respect to tuberization. Collectively, our results suggest that StABL1 functions with FT-like genes to promote flowering and tuberization and consequently life cycle length in potato, providing insight into the pleiotropic functioning of the FT gene.
Hybrid knowledge production and evaluation at the World Bank
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: March 2022

Before problems can be solved, they must be defined. In global public policy, problems are defined in large part by institutions like the World Bank, whose research shapes our collective understanding of social and economic issues. This article examines how research is produced at the World Bank and deemed to be worthwhile and legitimate. Creating and capturing research on global policy problems requires organizational configurations that operate at the intersection of multiple fields. Drawing on an in-depth study of the World Bank research department, this article outlines the structures and technologies of evaluation (i.e., the measurements and procedures used in performance reviews and promotions) and the social and cultural processes (i.e., the spoken and unspoken things that matter) in producing valuable policy research. It develops a theoretically informed account of how the conditions of measurement and evaluation shape the production of knowledge at a dominant multilateral agency. In turn, it unpacks how the internal workings of organizations can shape broader epistemic infrastructures around global policy problems.
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ealth Passport: exploring potential use of the HEALTH Passport in primary and secondary schools
Authors: Bechman Natasha , Thornby John , Brandstatter Emma , Hewitt Des , Patel Vinod
Published: March 2022

Background

Chronic disease is a significant burden on the global population. The Helping Everyone Achieve Long Term Health (HEALTH) Passport is a paper-based approach previously utilized to help adults modify clinical risk factors through lifestyle, which may be effective in improving the long-term health of school-age children. This study investigates the feasibility of in-school use by engaging trainee teachers in primary and secondary education.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty six unique responses were collated to evaluate current teaching of the main health risk factors and HEALTH Passports specifically adapted for schools. Trainees attended workshops with pre- and post-questionnaires used to measure training efficacy and evaluate the Passports’ suitability for in-school use. Narrative analysis of feedback was performed.

Results

Feedback received for both Passports was positive overall. Trainees highlighted the need for the Passports to be further age differentiated. Significantly increased confidence (P < 0.01) in knowledge of exercise, type 2 diabetes, weight and blood pressure was shown. Confidence in smoking, drugs and alcohol knowledge was reduced highlighting the requirement for further teacher training.

Conclusions

The HEALTH Passport has potential as an intervention to improve health literacy in school-age children. Age adaptation is needed with references to weight measures removed. Emotional well-being should be focused on, and data management stringently assessed for child protection.
TNFR2 is critical for TNF-induced rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocyte inflammation
Authors: Suto Takahito , Tosevska Anela , Dalwigk Karolina , Kugler Maximillian , Dellinger Mirjam , Stanic Irena , Platzer Alexander , Niederreiter Birgit , Sevelda Florian , Bonelli Michael , Pap Thomas , Kiener Hans , Okamura Koichi , Chikuda Hirotaka , Aletaha Daniel , Heinz Leonhard X , Karonitsch Thomas
Published: March 2022

Objectives

TNF-induced activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) is a critical determinant for synovial inflammation and joint destruction in RA. The detrimental role of TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) has thoroughly been characterized. The contributions of TNFR2, however, are largely unknown. This study was performed to delineate the role of TNFR2 in human FLS activation.

Methods

TNFR2 expression in synovial tissue samples was determined by immunohistochemistry. Expression of TNFR2 was silenced using RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. Global transcriptional changes were determined by RNA-seq. QPCR, ELISA and immunoblotting were used to validate RNA-seq results and to uncover pathways operating downstream of TNFR2 in FLS.

Results

TNFR2 expression was increased in RA when compared with OA synovial tissues. In particular, RA-FLS demonstrated higher levels of TNFR2 when compared with OA-FLS. TNFR2 expression in RA-FLS correlated with RA disease activity, synovial T- and B-cell infiltration. TNF and IL1β were identified as inflammatory mediators that upregulate TNFR2 in RA-FLS. Silencing of TNFR2 in RA-FLS markedly diminished the TNF-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CXCR3-binding chemokines and the B-cell activating factor TNFSF13B. Immunobiochemical analyses revealed that TNFR2-mediated expression of inflammatory mediators critically depends on STAT1.

Conclusion

Our results define a critical role for TNFR2 in FLS-driven inflammation and unfold its participation in the unresolved course of synovial inflammation in RA.
The role of PET/CT in disease activity assessment in patients with large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Galli Elena , Muratore Francesco , Mancuso Pamela , Boiardi Luigi , Marvisi Chiara , Besutti Giulia , Spaggiari Lucia , Casali Massimiliano , Versari Annibale , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Salvarani Carlo
Published: March 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of PET/CT and of PET vascular activity score (PETVAS) in assessing disease activity and the ability of PETVAS in predicting relapses in a large single-centre cohort of patients with large vessel vasculitis (LVV).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data of consecutive patients diagnosed with LVV who underwent at least one PET/CT scan between 2007 and 2020. The nuclear medicine physician’s interpretation of each PET/CT scan (active/inactive vasculitis) was compared with disease activity clinical judgement (active disease/remission). For each PET/CT scan, the PETVAS score was calculated and its accuracy in assessing disease activity was evaluated. The ability of PETVAS in predicting subsequent relapses was evaluated.

Results

A total of 100 consecutive LVV patients (51 large vessel GCA, 49 Takayasu arteritis) underwent a total of 476 PET/CT scans over a mean follow-up period of 97.5 months. Physician-determined PET/CT grading was able to distinguish between clinically active and inactive LVV with a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI 50.9, 68.7) and specificity of 80.1% (95% CI 75.5, 84.1); the area under the curve (AUC )was 0.70 (95% CI 0.65, 0.75). PETVAS was associated with disease activity, with an age and sex–adjusted odds ratio for active disease of 1.15 (95% CI 1.11, 1.19). A PETVAS ≥10 provided 60.8% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity in differentiating between clinically active and inactive LVV; the AUC was 0.73 (95% CI 0.68, 0.79). PETVAS was not associated with subsequent relapses, with an age and sex–adjusted hazard ratio of 1.04 (95% CI 0.97, 1.11).

Conclusions

The visual PET/CT grading scale and PETVAS had moderate accuracy to distinguish active LVV from remission. PETVAS did not predict disease relapses.
Oxytocin enhances basolateral amygdala activation and functional connectivity while processing emotional faces: preliminary findings in autistic vs non-autistic women
Authors: Procyshyn Tanya L , Lombardo Michael V , Lai Meng-Chuan , Jassim Nazia , Auyeung Bonnie , Crockford Sarah K , Deakin Julia B , Soubramanian Sentil , Sule Akeem , Terburg David , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bethlehem Richard A I
Published: March 2022

Oxytocin is hypothesized to promote social interactions by enhancing the salience of social stimuli. While previous neuroimaging studies have reported that oxytocin enhances amygdala activation to face stimuli in autistic men, effects in autistic women remain unclear. In this study, the influence of intranasal oxytocin on activation and functional connectivity of the basolateral amygdala—the brain’s ‘salience detector’—while processing emotional faces vs shapes was tested in 16 autistic and 21 non-autistic women by functional magnetic resonance imaging in a placebo-controlled, within-subject, cross-over design. In the placebo condition, minimal activation differences were observed between autistic and non-autistic women. However, significant drug × group interactions were observed for both basolateral amygdala activation and functional connectivity. Oxytocin increased left basolateral amygdala activation among autistic women (35-voxel cluster, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates of peak voxel = −22 −10 −28; mean change = +0.079%, t = 3.159, PTukey = 0.0166) but not among non-autistic women (mean change = +0.003%, t = 0.153, PTukey = 0.999). Furthermore, oxytocin increased functional connectivity of the right basolateral amygdala with brain regions associated with socio-emotional information processing in autistic women, but not in non-autistic women, attenuating group differences in the placebo condition. Taken together, these findings extend evidence of oxytocin’s effects on the amygdala to specifically include autistic women and specify the subregion of the effect.
The design of transformative research and innovation policy instruments for grand challenges: The policy-nesting perspective
Authors: Borrás Susana , Schwaag Serger Sylvia
Published: March 2022

Several countries have created policy instruments seeking to direct research and innovation (R&I) toward addressing societal challenges. However, the design of such instruments might not always live up to their proclaimed transformative rationale. The aim of this paper is to examine empirically this matter. In a unique cross country comparison of four Grand Challenge-oriented R&I programs in the Nordic countries, we ask to what extent the design of new policy instruments for grand challenges are nested according to the rationale of transformative R&I policy. The findings show that, while all have individual transformative elements, they only exhibit weak or medium degrees of nesting. At a time of increasing transformative ambition of R&I policies, our findings make an important contribution to understanding and addressing the complexity of designing R&I transformative policy instruments.
How Chinese Materia Medica Informed Nineteenth-Century British Pharmaceutical Knowledge: The Case of Daniel Hanbury’s Reception and Translation of Bencao Literature
Authors: An Sooyoung
Published: March 2022

Focusing on the figure of Daniel Hanbury and his research on the subject of Chinese materia medica, this essay sheds light on the reception of Chinese bencao knowledge by British naturalists in the context of the development of pharmaceutical knowledge during the mid-nineteenth century. While Hanbury and his collaborators extensively consulted diverse Chinese texts, most noticeably the Bencao gangmu, they relegated to history much Chinese bencao and medical knowledge. Hanbury’s collection of local knowledge through collaboration with Sinologists, as well as his process of selecting, omitting and editing highlights the complex roles that Chinese knowledge played in the formation of nineteenth-century British pharmaceutical knowledge—not just in terms of new Chinese materia medica and Hanbury’s own empirical research but also as a foil against which he helped formulate what constituted a new body of scientific pharmaceutical knowledge.
Cephalic salt gland evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Authors: Cowgill Thomas , Young Fls Mark T , Schwab Julia A , Walsh Stig , Witmer Lawrence M , Herrera Yanina , Dollman Kathleen N , Turner Alan H , Brusatte Stephen L
Published: March 2022

Secondarily marine tetrapod lineages have independently evolved osmoregulatory adaptations for life in salt water but inferring physiological changes in extinct marine tetrapods is difficult. The Mesozoic crocodylomorph clade Thalattosuchia is unique in having both direct evidence from natural endocasts and several proposed osteological correlates for salt exocrine glands. Here, we investigate salt gland evolution in thalattosuchians by creating endocranial reconstructions from CT scans of eight taxa (one basal thalattosuchian, one teleosauroid, two basal metriorhynchoids and four metriorhynchids) and four outgroups (three extant crocodylians and the basal crocodyliform Protosuchus) to identify salt gland osteological correlates. All metriorhynchoids show dorsolateral nasal cavity expansions corresponding to the location of nasal salt glands in natural casts, but smaller expansions in teleosauroids correspond more with the cartilaginous nasal capsule. The different sizes of these expansions suggest the following evolutionary sequence: (1) plesiomorphically small glands present in semi-aquatic teleosauroids draining through the nasal vestibule; (2) moderately sized glands in the basalmost metriorhynchoid Pelagosaurus; and (3) hypertrophied glands in the clade comprising Eoneustes and metriorhynchids, with a pre-orbital fenestra providing a novel exit for salt drainage. The large gland size inferred from basal metriorhynchoids indicates advanced osmoregulation occurred while metriorhynchoids were semi-aquatic. This pattern does not precisely fit into current models of physiological evolution in marine tetrapods and suggests a unique sequence of changes as thalattosuchians transitioned from land to sea.
Identification of Genetic and Chemical Factors Affecting Type III Secretion System Expression in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 3 Using a Luciferase Reporter Construct
Authors: Zhi Taihui , Liu Quanhong , Xie Ting , Ding Yue , Hu Renjian , Sun Yu , Fan Rong , Long Youhua , Zhao Zhibo
Published: March 2022

The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3), the causal agent of a global kiwifruit bacterial canker pandemic. To monitor the T3SS expression levels in Psa3, we constructed a luciferase reporter plasmid-expressing HrpAPsa3-NLuc fusion protein. The expression of HrpA-NLuc was induced in hrp-inducing conditions whereas the level of luciferase activity correlated with the expression of hrp/hrc genes in Psa3 confirmed the reliability of the reporter construct. Based on the readout of the NLuc reporter construct, three small molecule compounds 4-methoxy-cinnamic acid, sulforaphane, and ferulic acid were determined as T3SS inhibitors in Psa3, whereas sodium acetate was determined to be a T3SS inducer. Moreover, the aqueous extract of fruit inhibited the accumulation of HrpA-NLuc in Psa3 in medium and in planta. Additionally, the T3SS inhibitors suppress Psa3 virulence, whereas the T3SS inducer promotes Psa3 virulence on kiwifruit. Thus, our findings may provide clues to why the fruit is not infected by Psa3, and the Psa3 T3SS inhibitors have potential as alternatives to current nonspecific antimicrobials for disease management.
Medicaid Prescription Cap Policies: Another Structural Barrier to Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Hughto Jaclyn M. W. , Moyo Patience , Green Traci C.
Published: March 2022

When taken as prescribed, buprenorphine is effective in reducing opioid withdrawal, cravings, and use and preventing fatal overdose among people living with opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite the well-documented potential of buprenorphine provision to curb the opioid and overdose crises, this medication is severely underutilized in the treatment of OUD, particularly among low-income Medicaid beneficiaries who represent a sizable portion of the U.S. population living with OUD. This commentary focuses on a critical yet under-studied barrier to buprenorphine access – Medicaid prescription caps that limit the number of prescriptions an individual can fill in a given month. Here, we describe the persistence of monthly Medicaid prescription caps across the U.S.; discuss how these caps could present barriers to medication access and optimal health among diverse populations; describe the state of research on Medicaid prescription caps and buprenorphine use; and call for empirical research to document the impact of Medicaid prescription caps on OUD treatment and overdose outcomes to inform future policy changes aimed at improving access to buprenorphine as a means of combating the opioid and overdose crises.
Assessing the Impact of Prenatal Medication for Opioid Use Disorder on Discharge Home With Parents Among Infants With Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Singleton Rosalyn , Rutz Sara , Day Gretchen , Hammes Melissa , Wilson Amy Swango , Herrick Mary , Mazut Connie , Brunner Laura , Prince Jennifer , Desnoyers Christine , Shaw Jennifer , Hirschfeld Matthew , Palis Heather , Slaunwhite Amanda
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The number of women with opioid-related diagnoses in the United States has significantly increased in recent decades, resulting in concomitantly higher rates of infants born with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). Addressing prenatal opioid exposure is a priority for Alaska health systems. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify maternal and neonatal factors associated with receipt of Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and (2) determine the impact of prenatal MOUD on discharge to parents among infants with NOWS in 3 Alaska hospitals.

Methods

A retrospective chart review using a standard abstraction form was conducted to collect data on neonatal and maternal characteristics, neonatal treatment, and infant discharge disposition for infants with NOWS born at the 3 hospitals between July 2016 and December 2019. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with discharge to parents.

Results

There were 10,719 births at the 3 hospitals during the study period, including 193 infants (1.8%) with NOWS. Among the 193 mothers, 91 (47.2%) received MOUD during pregnancy. Among infants with NOWS, 136 (70.5%) were discharged to parents, 51 (26.4%) were discharged to a relative or foster care. Infants were significantly (odds ratio 3.9) more likely to be discharged to parents if the mother had received prenatal MOUD.

Conclusions

MOUD among pregnant women with opioid use disorder furthers the goal of keeping families together and is a critical step towards reducing the impact of the ongoing opioid epidemic on Alaska families, communities, and the child welfare system.
Increasing Mortality in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19–Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Braaten Jacob A. , Bergman Zachary R. , Wothe Jillian K. , Lofrano Arianna E. , Matzek Luke J. , Doucette Melissa , Saavedra-Romero Ramiro , Bohman John K. , Prekker Matthew E. , Lusczek Elizabeth R. , Brunsvold Melissa E.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVES:

Determine the factors associated with mortality in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) patients with COVID-19 infection and provide an updated report of clinical outcomes for patients treated with V-V ECMO for COVID-19 in Minnesota.

DESIGN:

Multicenter prospective observational study.

SETTING:

The four adult Extracorporeal Life Support Organization–certified Centers of Excellence in Minnesota.

PATIENTS:

A total of 100 patients treated with V-V ECMO for COVID-19–associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from March 2020 to May 2021.

INTERVENTIONS:

Not applicable.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

The primary outcome was 60-day survival for patients treated with V-V ECMO for COVID-19. Outcomes of patients treated from November 2020 to May 2021(cohort 2) were compared with data from a previous cohort of patients, collected from March 2020 to October 2020 (cohort 1). The data from both cohorts were merged into a single dataset (Combined Cohort). Survival on V-V ECMO due to COVID-19–associated ARDS significantly decreased after October 2020 (63% vs 41%; p = 0.026). The median interval from hospital admission to V-V ECMO cannulation was significantly associated with 60-day mortality (10 d [6–14 d] in nonsurvivors vs 7 d [4–9 d] in survivors; p = 0.001) in the Combined Cohort and was also significantly longer in cohort 2 than cohort 1 (10 d [7–14 d] vs 6 d [4–10 d]; p < 0.001). In the Combined Cohort, the 60-day survival for patients who did not receive steroids was 86% (n = 12) versus 45% (n = 39) for patients who received at least one dose of steroids (p = 0.005).

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a significant increase in mortality for patients treated with V-V ECMO for COVID-19–associated ARDS in cohort 2 compared with cohort 1. Further research is required to determine the cause of the worsening trend in mortality.
Eight-year trajectories of malalignment progression in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Li Mingyang , Nie Yong , Zeng Yi , Wu Yuangang , Wu Limin , Liu Yuan , Shen Bin
Published: March 2022

Background:

Although various therapies have been developed to treat malalignment in osteoarthritic knees, the pattern of malalignment progression is still unclear. This study aimed to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct trajectories of malalignment progression in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and to determine corresponding risk factors.

Methods:

Eight-year follow-up (from 2004 to 2012) data on 1252 participants with symptomatic KOA from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were included. Varus/valgus angle progression was characterized by group-based trajectory models. Time-varying covariates were introduced into the model to investigate how they affected trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression for trajectory group membership was applied to ascertain risk factors.

Results:

Five subgroups were identified. Participants in the varus worsening trajectory (n = 166) or valgus worsening trajectory (n = 118) proceeded to worsen malalignment over time. The neutral trajectory (n = 378), varus stable trajectory (n = 328), and valgus stable trajectory (n = 262) maintained close to the initial varus/valgus angle over 8 years. Higher baseline Kellgren and Lawrence grade (odds ratio [OR] = 4.35, P 
< 0.001 for varus; OR = 3.85, P 
< 0.001 for valgus) and “severe” baseline malalignment (OR = 13.57, P < 0.001 for varus; OR = 23.04, P < 0.001 for valgus) were risk factors for worsening trajectories. The cutoff point of the baseline varus/valgus angle to discriminate between stable or worsening trajectory was −4.5° for varus and 3.6° for valgus.

Conclusions:

This study identified the malalignment progression pattern — minor malalignment (−4.5° to +3.6°) tends to remain stable, while major baseline malalignment is likely to progress. This provides a reference for therapy to prevent malalignment from deteriorating and emphasizes the necessity of determining the trigger factors for malalignment onset.
Mesenteric misadventure: An unusual suprapubic catheter complication
Authors: Pham Cecile T. , Lau Patrick , Hew Jonathan , Apostolou Christos , Chung Amanda
Published: March 2022

Although suprapubic cystotomy for catheter insertion is commonly performed, complications can be associated with serious morbidity. This case describes delayed recognition of a transperitoneal suprapubic catheter (SPC) traversing the small bowel mesentery and causing a closed loop obstruction of the caecum 7 years after SPC insertion. There are very few cases in the literature of SPC causing mesenteric perforation and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case causing subsequent obstruction of the caecum and the longest delay of 7 years between SPC insertion and manifestation of bowel obstruction.
Safety and Efficacy of Oral Benzodiazepines for Periprocedural Anxiolysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boettler Michelle A. , Shahwan Kathryn T. , Cusick Austin , Avila Christina , Carr David R.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Oral benzodiazepines (BZDs) are useful tools for periprocedural anxiolysis. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently issued a black-box warning of their risks of abuse and dependence. We performed a systematic review evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral BZDs for periprocedural anxiolysis in outpatient dermatologic, plastic surgery, dental, and ophthalmologic procedures performed under local anesthesia.

METHODS

A systematic review of 5 databases was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Oral benzodiazepine safety and efficacy data were extracted from eligible articles.

RESULTS

A total of 43 articles and 4,060 subjects were included. Oral BZDs consistently imparted a positive anxiolytic effect and demonstrated superior or equivalent scores in patient satisfaction, surgeon satisfaction, pain, and anxiety to comparator groups in most studies. Thirty-five subjects experienced transient hypoxia, and 2 experienced transient hypertension. A total of 195 mild, self-limited adverse effects were reported. None of the studies addressed the risks of abuse and dependence in this clinical setting.

CONCLUSION

Short-term use of oral BZDs for periprocedural anxiolysis seems to be safe and effective. The 2020 FDA black-box warning should not deter their appropriate use in dermatologic surgery and other low-risk outpatient procedures.
Performance of the Modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score in Patients With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Barbosa Genesis de Souza , Gaspar Juliane de Oliveira , Nogueira Lilia de Souza , Vieira Rita de Cássia Almeida , Lima Kézia Porto , Sousa Regina Márcia Cardoso de
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: The modified Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (mREMS) is a recently published index to estimate the severity of trauma patients; however, little is known about its performance in patients with different types of trauma. This study verified the predictive capacity of mREMS in-hospital mortality in patients of blunt and penetrating trauma with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the performance of this index compared with the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score, Injury Severity Score, New Injury Severity Score, and Trauma and Injury Severity Score. METHODS: This is a retrospective, correlational study that analyzed trauma patients 18 years or older, who attended at a hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied in the analyses. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 987 patients, 359 (36.4%) with TBI (225 blunt and 134 penetrating trauma). Regarding mREMS, the area under the ROC curve for TBI patients for in-hospital mortality was 0.506 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.404-0.609) for penetrating injuries and 0.486 (95% CI, 0.402-0.571) for blunt injuries; the values in patients without TBI were 0.629 (95% CI, 0.554-0.703) and 0.618 (95% CI, 0.552-0.684), respectively. In relation to the other indices the mREMS presented the lowest area under the curve/ROC for penetrating and blunt TBI, and the Rapid Emergency Medicine Score for extracranial injuries. CONCLUSION: The mREMS showed no prognostic capacity for patients with TBI, and it presented the worst performance in relation to the Injury Severity Score, New Injury Severity Score, and Trauma and Injury Severity Score to discriminate cases of in-hospital mortality when considering trauma patients with and without TBI.
Evaluating the impact of personalized rehabilitation nursing intervention on postoperative recovery of respiratory function among thoracic surgery patients
Authors: Liu Ai , Li Mian , Gao Wenjin , Wen Xiaoke , Zhu Hui , Chen Yanyan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Owing to clinical developments and economic strain, perioperative care has undergone considerable changes. Therefore, it is important to review and critique the efficacy of existing practices in a context that is placing increasing emphasis on better efficacy and cost-containment. Considering that the objective involves devising approaches to minimize postoperative complications and reduce medical care, efforts should concentrate on postsurgical pulmonary complications that are common. The present analysis aims to examine how customized rehabilitation nursing intercession impacts the postsurgical restoration of respiratory functions in thoracic surgery patients.

Methods:

Prespecified search strategies will be employed to perform a methodological search of 6 databases namely EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. The analysis will comprise original publications that evaluated how personalized rehabilitation nursing intervention impacts postsurgical restoration of respiratory function in those who have undergone thoracic surgery. All considered publications are before December 25, 2021. Different authors will conduct an independent study selection process to evaluate the quality of the publications and extract required data. Based on the standardized mean difference and its 95% confidence interval, we estimate the summary effects for each meta-analyses. Based on heterogeneity in considered articles, the related data will be pooled through either a random- or fixed-effect meta-analysis. Lastly, the overall quality of evidence using appropriate methods will be performed.

Results:

The results of this analysis will systematically evaluate how customized rehabilitation nursing interference impact postsurgical healing of respiratory functions in patients who have undergone thoracic surgery by collecting the existing evidence.

Ethics and dissemination:

Not required.

Open Science Framework registration number:

10.17605/OSF.IO/NBVYW.
Clinical observation of Long chiropractic treatment on patients with neurogenic cervical spondylosis
Authors: Wang Chen , Gu Zhongping , Yu Junwu , Zhang Peizhen , Yang Faming
Published: March 2022

Neurogenic cervical spondylosis is the most common type of cervical spondylosis, accounting for approximately 60% percent of the incidence of cervical spondylosis. Cervical spine Long manipulation and sling exercise training (SET) have obtained good therapeutic results in clinical rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Long manipulation combined with SET on neurogenic cervical spondylosis. In this assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial, 90 eligible patients will be randomized into a combination treatment group (Long manipulation combined with SET), a Long manipulation group and a conventional massage group. The visual analogue score, the Neck Disability Index score, and muscle fatigue in the bilateral upper oblique and Musculus sternocleidomastoideus, using mean power frequency and median frequency from the surface electromyography frequency domain index, will be assessed before and after the intervention at 0 and 4 weeks, respectively.

Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center with the number ChiCTR2100054978. Registered December 30, 2021.
Efficacy and safety of Qinghua Zhixie Decoction against diarrhea-predominate irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ji Lijiang , Zhao Xiaoying , Zhang Yuyan , Zhao Ping , Gong Rui , Li Fang , Huang Hua
Published: March 2022

Background:

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) is the main subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In recent years, more than half of IBS patients have received complementary and alternative medicine. Traditional Chinese herbal formula is widely used in Asia, and clinical studies have also found that Chinese herbal formula could significantly improve abdominal pain and diarrhea. We plan to carry out a randomized, controlled, double blind, clinical studies to observe the clinical efficacy of Qinghua Zhixie decoction in the treatment of D-IBS.

Methods:

Four hundred sixty-four participants will be randomly assigned to the treatment group and control group. Patients in both groups would take medications and stimulations simultaneously. The outcomes of IBS symptom severity score, quality of life, psychological states, and recurrence rate will be recorded. Statistics will be analyzed with the SPSS 22.0.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study will identify the safety and efficacy of Qinghua Zhixie decoction in the treatment of D-IBS.

Trial registration: OSF Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/C8MHW.
Postoperative thyroid crisis in an 11-year old male with McCune-Albright syndrome and atypical triiodothyronine hyperthyroidism
Authors: Hu Jingen , Hu Caibao
Published: March 2022

Rationale:

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare heterogeneous clinical disease caused by sporadic, somatic, and postzygotic mutations. Thyroid crisis is even rare in patients with MAS, and we report the clinical outcomes of the first case of a MAS patient with atypical triiodothyronine (T3) hyperthyroidism who developed thyroid crisis after orthopedic surgery.

Patient concerns:

The patient with MAS and atypical T3 hyperthyroidism was an 11-year-old man who had undergone surgery for a right femur fracture and shepherd bending deformity. His main symptoms were dizziness, nausea, and vomiting with elevated body temperature because of developed thyroid crisis. Thyroid function tests showed high T3 and remarkably high free T3 levels, and remarkably increased thyrotropin level, but unchanged thyroxine and free thyroxine levels.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with postoperative thyroid crisis following surgery for a right femur fracture, shepherd bending deformity, and MAS with atypical T3 hyperthyroidism.

Interventions:

Propranolol was intravenously administered. The therapy included intravenous hydrocortisone, a saturated solution of potassium iodine and propylthiouracil, and continuous physical cooling.

Outcomes:

The patient was discharged after achieving a stable condition with normal thyroid and liver function after surgery because of active anti-thyroid crisis treatment.

Lessons:

The operation of such patients should focus on the pre-operative heart rate, platelet level, and thyroid hormone levels. Abnormal values should be adjusted to the normal range, and such patients should achieve complete hemostasis and transfuse with blood following surgery anemia.
Effects of the non-pharmacological interventions of traditional Chinese medicine on postpartum depression
Authors: Huang XiaoMei , Luo Shu , Wang Hongwei
Published: March 2022

Background:

Postpartum depression (PPD) has become one of the common disorders during the postpartum period. The non-pharmacological interventions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have achieved good results in the treatment of PPD. However, the efficacy of different non-pharmacological interventions of TCM for PPD has not been fully elucidated. Due to the large number of non-pharmacological intervention of TCM modalities, the selection of appropriate non-pharmacological interventions of TCM has become an urgent clinical problem. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to explore the best choice for different non-pharmacological interventions of TCM for PPD.

Methods:

PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Scientific Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Data were searched to identify the randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions of TCM for PPD from the inception to February 2022. Two researchers will be independently responsible for literature screening, data extraction, and assessment of their quality. Standard pair-wise and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to compare the efficacy of different non-pharmacological interventions of TCM for PPD via Stata 14.0 and WinBUGS1.4 software.

Results:

The results of this meta-analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusions:

The conclusion of this systematic review will provide evidence for the selection of an optimal non-pharmacological interventions of TCM for PPD.

Ethics and dissemination:

Ethical approval is not required for this study. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal, presented at conferences, and shared on social media platforms.

OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/TM96G.
Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss in Chinese pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Zou Zhi-yao , He Li-xian , Yao Yun-tai
Published: March 2022

Background:

Tranexamic acid has been increasingly used for blood conservation in cardiac surgery. However, the evidence supporting the routine use of tranexamic acid in Chinese pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery remains weak. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review the efficacy of tranexamic acid when applying to Chinese pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Participants:

Chinese pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Interventions:

Tranexamic acid or control drugs (saline/blank).

Methods:

PUBMED, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Data till May 4, 2021, database search was updated on August 1. Primary outcomes of interest included postoperative bleeding, allogeneic transfusion, and reoperation for bleeding. Secondary outcomes of interest included postoperative recovery. For continuous/dichotomous variables, treatment effects were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD)/odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

A database search yielded 15 randomized controlled trials including 1641 patients, where 8 studies were allocated into non-cyanotic congenital group, 5 were allocated into cyanotic congenital group, and the other 2 were allocated into combined cyanotic/non-cyanotic group. This meta-analysis demonstrate that tranexamic acid administration can reduce the postoperative 24 hours blood loss in non-cyanotic, cyanotic, and combined cyanotic/non-cyanotic patients, the red blood cell transfusion in non-cyanotic and cyanotic patients, and the fresh frozen plasma transfusion in non-cyanotic and combined cyanotic/non-cyanotic patients.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis demonstrates that tranexamic acid is highly effective in reducing the blood loss in Chinese pediatric cardiac surgery, but it behaves poorly when it comes to the transfusion requirement. To further confirm this, more well-designed and adequately-powered randomized trials are needed.