bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 impacts equine welfare: Policy implications for laminitis and obesity
Authors: Ward Ashley B. , Stephen Kate , Argo Caroline McGregor , Harris Patricia A. , Watson Christine A. , Neacsu Madalina , Russell Wendy , Grove-White Dai H. , Morrison Philippa K.
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact human health and welfare on a global level. In March 2020, stringent national restrictions were enforced in the UK to protect public health and slow the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Restrictions were likely to have resulted in collateral consequences for the health and welfare of horses and ponies, especially those at risk of obesity and laminitis and this issue warranted more detailed exploration. The current study utilised qualitative methodology to investigate the implications of COVID-19 related policies upon equine management and welfare with a focus on horses and ponies at risk of laminitis and obesity. Twenty-four interviews with five sub-groups of key equestrian welfare stakeholders in the UK were conducted between May and July of 2020 to understand the challenges facing equine welfare in the context of laminitis and obesity susceptible animals. Thematic analysis revealed lockdown-associated factors with the potential to compromise welfare of horses and ponies at risk of obesity and laminitis. These included: disparate information and guidance, difficulties enacting public health measures in yard environments, and horses having reduced exercise during the pandemic. Positive examples of clear and consistent information sharing by farriers were reported to have improved horse owner understanding of routine hoof care during lockdown. Analysis suggested that the recommendations for supporting the management-based needs of horses under reduced supervision were not clearly defined, or were not sufficiently disseminated, across the equine industry. These findings support the development of guidelines specific to the care of horses and ponies at risk of obesity and laminitis through collaborative input from veterinary and welfare experts, to reduce the negative impacts of future lockdown events in the UK.
Effectiveness and trend forecasting of tuberculosis diagnosis after the introduction of GeneXpert in a city in south-eastern Brazil
Authors: Berra Thaís Zamboni , Gomes Dulce , Ramos Antônio Carlos Vieira , Alves Yan Mathias , Bruce Alexandre Tadashi Inomata , Arroyo Luiz Henrique , Santos Felipe Lima dos , Souza Ludmilla Leideanne Limirio , Crispim Juliane de Almeida , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Background

To evaluate the effectiveness of a rapid molecular test for the detection of tuberculosis (TB) and to predict the rates of disease in a municipality of Brazil where TB is endemic.

Methods

An ecological study was carried out in Ribeirão Preto-SP on a population of TB cases notified between 2006 and 2017. Monthly TB incidence rates and the average monthly percentage change (AMPC) were calculated. In order to identify changes in the series, the breakpoint technique was performed; the rates were modelled and predictions of the incidence of TB until 2025 were made.

Results

AMPC showed a fall of 0.69% per month in TB and human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection, a fall of 0.01% per month in general and lung TB and a fall of 0.33% per month in extrapulmonary TB. With the breakpoint technique, general and pulmonary TB changed in structure in late 2007, and extrapulmonary TB and TB-HIV co-infection changed in structure after 2014, which is considered the cut-off point. The IMA(3) models were adjusted for general and pulmonary TB and TB-HIV co-infection, and the AR(5) models for extrapulmonary TB, and predictions were performed.

Conclusions

The rapid molecular test for TB is the method currently recommended by the WHO for the diagnosis of the disease and its main advantage is to provide faster, more accurate results and to already check for drug resistance. It is necessary that professionals encourage the use of this technology in order to optimize the diagnosis so that the treatment begins as quickly as possible and in an effective way. Only by uniting professionals from all areas with health policies aimed at early case identification and rapid treatment initiation it is possible to break the chain of TB transmission so that its rates decrease and the goals proposed by the WHO are achieved.
Avian antibodies (IgY) targeting spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inhibit receptor binding and viral replication
Authors: Artman Chad , Brumfield Kyle D. , Khanna Sahil , Goepp Julius
Published: May 2021

Background

The global pandemic of Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has plunged the world into both social and economic disarray, with vaccines still emerging and a continued paucity of personal protective equipment; the pandemic has also highlighted the potential for rapid emergence of aggressive respiratory pathogens and the need for preparedness. Avian immunoglobulins (IgY) have been previously shown in animal models to protect against new infection and mitigate established infection when applied intranasally. We carried out a proof-of-concept study to address the feasibility of using such antibodies as mucosally-applied prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods

Hens were immunized with recombinant S1 spike glycoprotein of the virus, and the resulting IgY was evaluated for binding specificity, inhibition of glycoprotein binding to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) protein (the requisite binding site for the virus), and inhibition of viral replication in Vero cell culture.

Results

Titers of anti-S1 glycoprotein IgY were evident in yolks at 14 days post-immunization, peaking at 21 days, and at peak concentrations of 16.8 mg/ml. IgY showed strong and significant inhibition of S1/ACE2 binding interactions, and significantly inhibited viral replication at a concentration of 16.8 mg/ml. Four weeks’ collection from eggs of two hens produced a total of 1.55 grams of IgY.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-concept study we showed that avian immunoglobulins (IgY) raised against a key virulence factor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus successfully inhibited the critical initial adhesion of viral spike glycoproteins to human ACE2 protein receptors and inhibited viral replicationin vitro, in a short period using only two laying hens. We conclude that production of large amounts of IgY inhibiting viral binding and replication of SARS-CoV-2 is feasible, and that incorporation of this or similar material into an intranasal spray and/or other mucosal protecting products may be effective at reducing infection and spread of COVID-19.
PAN2HGENE–tool for comparative analysis and identifying new gene products
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Mônica , Thyeska Castro Alves Jorianne , Henrique Caracciolo Gomes de Sá Pablo , Veras Adonney Allan de Oliveira
Published: May 2021

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have had a positive impact on biological research, leading to the development of numerous omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metagenomics, and pangenomics. These analyses provide insights into the gene contents of various organisms. However, to understand the evolutionary processes of these genes, comparative analysis, which is an important tool for annotation, is required. Using comparative analysis, it is possible to infer the functions of gene contents and identify orthologs and paralogous genes via their homology. Although several comparative analysis tools currently exist, most of them are limited to complete genomes. PAN2HGENE, a computational tool that allows identification of gene products missing from the original genome sequence, with automated comparative analysis for both complete and draft genomes, can be used to address this limitation. In this study, PAN2HGENE was used to identify new products, resulting in altering the alpha value behavior in the pangenome without altering the original genomic sequence. Our findings indicate that this tool represents an efficient alternative for comparative analysis, with a simple and intuitive graphical interface. The PAN2HGENE have been uploaded to SourceForge and are available via: https://sourceforge.net/projects/pan2hgene-software
Building a community of practice through social media using the hashtag #neoEBM
Authors: Keir Amy , Bamat Nicolas , Hennebry Bron , King Brian , Patel Ravi , Wright Clyde , Scrivens Alexandra , ElKhateeb Omar , Mitra Souvik , Roland Damian
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Social media use is associated with developing communities of practice that promote the rapid exchange of information across traditional institutional and geographical boundaries faster than previously possible. We aimed to describe and share our experience using #neoEBM (Neonatal Evidence Based Medicine) hashtag to organise and build a digital community of neonatal care practice.

Materials and methods

Analysis of #neoEBM Twitter data in the Symplur Signals database between 1 May 2018 to 9 January 2021. Data on tweets containing the #neoEBM hashtag were analysed using online analytical tools, including the total number of tweets and user engagement.

Results

Since its registration, a total of 3 228 distinct individual Twitter users used the hashtag with 23 939 tweets and 37 259 710 impressions generated. The two days with the greatest number of tweets containing #neoEBM were 8 May 2018 (n = 218) and 28 April 2019 (n = 340), coinciding with the annual Pediatric Academic Societies meeting. The majority of Twitter users made one tweet using #neoEBM (n = 1078), followed by two tweets (n = 411) and more than 10 tweets (n = 347). The number of individual impressions (views) of tweets containing #neoEBM was 37 259 710. Of the 23 939 tweets using #neoEBM, 17 817 (74%) were retweeted (shared), 15 643 (65%) included at least one link and 1 196 (5%) had at least one reply. As #neoEBM users increased over time, so did tweets containing #neoEBM, with each additional user of the hashtag associated with a mean increase in 7.8 (95% CI 7.7–8.0) tweets containing #neoEBM.

Conclusion

Our findings support the observation that the #neoEBM community possesses many of the characteristics of a community of practice, and it may be an effective tool to disseminate research findings. By sharing our experiences, we hope to encourage others to engage with or build online digital communities of practice to share knowledge and build collaborative networks across disciplines, institutions and countries.
PlateEditor: A web-based application for the management of multi-well plate layouts and associated data
Authors: Delorme Vincent , Woo Minjeong , Falcão Virginia Carla de Almeida , Wood Connor
Published: May 2021

Multi-well plates are convenient tools to work with in biology experiments, as they allow the probing of multiple conditions in a compact and economic way. Although both free and commercial software exist for the definition of plate layout and management of plate data, we were looking for a more flexible solution, available anywhere, free from download, installation and licensing constraints. In this context, we created PlateEditor, a free web-based, client-side application allowing rapid creation of even complex layouts, including dose-response curves and multiple combination experiments for any plate format up to 1536 wells. PlateEditor also provides heatmap visualization and aggregation features to speed-up the process of data analysis and formatting for export in other application. Written in pure JavaScript, it is fully open-source, can be integrated in various workflows and has the potential to be extended with more functionalities in the future.
Disparities in behavioral health and experience of violence between cisgender and transgender Thai adolescents
Authors: Wichaidit Wit , Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Chongsuvivatwong Virasakdi
Published: May 2021

Background

The term "transgender" refers to an individual whose gender identity is different from their sex assigned at birth, whereas the term "cisgender" refers to an individual whose gender identity is the same as their sex assigned at birth. In Thailand, studies on health outcomes and quality of life of Thai transgender youths have not included assessments from nationally-representative samples. The objective of this study is to assess the extent that behavioral health outcomes and exposure to violence varied by gender among respondents of the National School Survey on Alcohol Consumption, Substance Use and Other Health-Risk Behaviors.

Methods

We used data from a nationally-representative self-administered survey of secondary school students in years 7, 9 and 11 and classified participants as cisgender boys, cisgender girls, transgender boys, and transgender girls. Participants also answered questions on depressive experience, suicidality, sexual behaviors, alcohol and tobacco use, drug use, and past-year experience of violence. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and modified multivariate Poisson regression with adjustment for sampling weights to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results

A total of 31,898 respondents (82.8% of those who returned complete and valid questionnaires) answered questions on sex and gender identity and were included in the analyses (n = 31,898 respondents), approximately 2.5% of whom identified as transgender. Transgender boys had a higher prevalence suicidal ideation than cisgender boys (APR = 2.97; 95% CI = 1.89, 4.67) and cisgender girls (APR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.55, 3.40). Transgender girls were less likely than cisgender boys and girls to be ever drinkers, while transgender boys were more likely than cisgender boys and girls to be ever drinkers. Transgender girls had higher past-year exposure to sexual violence than cisgender boys (APR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.52, 4.95) and cisgender girls (APR = 4.93; 95% CI = 2.52, 9.67).

Conclusion

We found disparities in behavioral health and experience of violence between transgender and cisgender adolescents in Thailand. The findings highlighted the need for program managers and policy makers to consider expanding local efforts to address health gaps in the LGBTQ community to also include school-going youth population.
Focused ultrasound of the caudal vena cava in dogs with cavitary effusions or congestive heart failure: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Chou Yen-Yu , Ward Jessica L. , Barron Lara Z. , Murphy Shane D. , Tropf Melissa A. , Lisciandro Gregory R. , Yuan Lingnan , Mochel Jonathan P. , DeFrancesco Teresa C.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Ultrasonographic indices of the inferior vena cava are useful for predicting right heart filling pressures in people.

Objectives

To determine whether ultrasonographic indices of caudal vena cava (CVC) differ between dogs with right-sided CHF (R-CHF), left-sided CHF (L-CHF), and noncardiac causes of cavitary effusion (NC).

Materials and methods

113 dogs diagnosed with R-CHF (n = 51), L-CHF (30), or NC effusion (32) were enrolled. Seventeen of the R-CHF dogs had pericardial effusion and tamponade. Focused ultrasound was performed prospectively to obtain 2-dimensional and M-mode subxiphoid measures of CVC maximal and minimal size (CVCmax and CVCmin), CVCmax indexed to aortic dimension (CVC:Ao), and CVC collapsibility index (CVC-CI). Variables were compared between study groups using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s-Bonferroni testing, and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to assess sensitivity and specificity.

Results

All sonographic CVC indices were significantly different between R-CHF and NC dogs (P < 0.001). Variables demonstrating the highest diagnostic accuracy for discriminating R-CHF versus NC were CVC-CI <33% in 2D (91% sensitive and 96% specific) and presence of hepatic venous distension (84% sensitive and 90% specific). L-CHF dogs had higher CVC:Ao and lower CVC-CI compared to NC dogs (P = 0.016 and P = 0.043 in 2D, respectively) but increased CVC-CI compared to the R-CHF group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Ultrasonographic indices of CVC size and collapsibility differed between dogs with R-CHF compared to NC causes of cavitary effusions. Dogs with L-CHF have CVC measurements intermediate between R-CHF and NC dogs.
Duodenases are a small subfamily of ruminant intestinal serine proteases that have undergone a remarkable diversification in cleavage specificity
Authors: Fu Zhirong , Akula Srinivas , Qiao Chang , Ryu Jinhye , Chahal Gurdeep , de Garavilla Lawrence , Kervinen Jukka , Thorpe Michael , Hellman Lars
Published: May 2021

Ruminants have a very complex digestive system adapted for the digestion of cellulose rich food. Gene duplications have been central in the process of adapting their digestive system for this complex food source. One of the new loci involved in food digestion is the lysozyme c locus where cows have ten active such genes compared to a single gene in humans and where four of the bovine copies are expressed in the abomasum, the real stomach. The second locus that has become part of the ruminant digestive system is the chymase locus. The chymase locus encodes several of the major hematopoietic granule proteases. In ruminants, genes within the chymase locus have duplicated and some of them are expressed in the duodenum and are therefore called duodenases. To obtain information on their specificities and functions we produced six recombinant proteolytically active duodenases (three from cows, two from sheep and one from pigs). Two of the sheep duodenases were found to be highly specific tryptases and one of the bovine duodenases was a highly specific asp-ase. The remaining two bovine duodenases were dual enzymes with potent tryptase and chymase activities. In contrast, the pig enzyme was a chymase with no tryptase or asp-ase activity. These results point to a remarkable flexibility in both the primary and extended specificities within a single chromosomal locus that most likely has originated from one or a few genes by several rounds of local gene duplications. Interestingly, using the consensus cleavage site for the bovine asp-ase to screen the entire bovine proteome, it revealed Mucin-5B as one of the potential targets. Using the same strategy for one of the sheep tryptases, this enzyme was found to have potential cleavage sites in two chemokine receptors, CCR3 and 7, suggesting a role for this enzyme to suppress intestinal inflammation.
PfSPZ-CVac efficacy against malaria increases from 0% to 75% when administered in the absence of erythrocyte stage parasitemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with controlled human malaria infection
Authors: Murphy Sean C. , Deye Gregory A. , Sim B. Kim Lee , Galbiati Shirley , Kennedy Jessie K. , Cohen Kristen W. , Chakravarty Sumana , KC Natasha , Abebe Yonas , James Eric R. , Kublin James G. , Hoffman Stephen L. , Richie Thomas L. , Jackson Lisa A.
Published: May 2021

PfSPZ-CVac combines ‘PfSPZ Challenge’, which consists of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), with concurrent antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. In a previously-published PfSPZ-CVac study, three doses of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac given 28 days apart had 100% vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 10 weeks after the last immunization, while the same dose given as three injections five days apart had 63% VE. Here, we conducted a dose escalation trial of similarly condensed schedules. Of the groups proceeding to CHMI, the first study group received three direct venous inoculations (DVIs) of a dose of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac seven days apart and the next full dose group received three DVIs of a higher dose of 1.024x105 PfSPZ-CVac five days apart. CHMI (3.2x103 PfSPZ Challenge) was performed by DVI 10 weeks after the last vaccination. In both CHMI groups, transient parasitemia occurred starting seven days after each vaccination. For the seven-day interval group, the second and third vaccinations were therefore administered coincident with parasitemia from the prior vaccination. Parasitemia was associated with systemic symptoms which were severe in 25% of subjects. VE in the seven-day group was 0% (7/7 infected) and in the higher-dose, five-day group was 75% (2/8 infected). Thus, the same dose of PfSPZ-CVac previously associated with 63% VE when given on a five-day schedule in the prior study had zero VE here when given on a seven-day schedule, while a double dose given on a five-day schedule here achieved 75% VE. The relative contributions of the five-day schedule and/or the higher dose to improved VE warrant further investigation. It is notable that administration of PfSPZ-CVac on a schedule where vaccine administration coincided with blood-stage parasitemia was associated with an absence of sterile protective immunity.

Clinical trials registration: NCT02773979.
An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Pérez-Morales Deyanira , Nava-Galeana Jessica , Rosales-Reyes Roberto , Teehan Paige , Yakhnin Helen , Melchy-Pérez Erika I. , Rosenstein Yvonne , De la Cruz Miguel A. , Babitzke Paul , Bustamante Víctor H.
Published: May 2021

An intricate regulatory network controls the expression ofSalmonellavirulence genes. The transcriptional regulator HilD plays a central role in this network by controlling the expression of tens of genes mainly required for intestinal colonization. Accordingly, the expression/activity of HilD is highly regulated by multiple factors, such as the SirA/BarA two-component system and the Hcp-like protein HilE. SirA/BarA positively regulates translation ofhilDmRNA through a regulatory cascade involving the small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, and the RNA-binding protein CsrA, whereas HilE inhibits HilD activity by protein-protein interaction. In this study, we show that SirA/BarA also positively regulates translation ofhilEmRNA through the same mentioned regulatory cascade. Thus, our results reveal a paradoxical regulation exerted by SirA/BarA-Csr on HilD, which involves simultaneous opposite effects, direct positive control and indirect negative control through HilE. This kind of regulation is called an incoherent type-1 feedforward loop (I1-FFL), which is a motif present in certain regulatory networks and represents a complex biological problem to decipher. Interestingly, our results, together with those from a previous study, indicate that HilE, the repressor component of the I1-FFL reported here (I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilD), is required to reduce the growth cost imposed by the expression of the genes regulated by HilD. Moreover, we and others found that HilE is necessary for successful intestinal colonization bySalmonella. Thus, these findings support that I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilDcooperates to control the precise amount and activity of HilD, for an appropriate balance between the growth cost and the virulence benefit generated by the expression of the genes induced by this regulator. I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilDrepresents a complex regulatory I1-FFL that involves multiple regulators acting at distinct levels of gene expression, as well as showing different connections to the rest of the regulatory network governingSalmonellavirulence.
Énmegjelenítési stratégiák egyetemisták körében
Authors: Szabó Éva
Published: May 2021

Dolgozatomban egy pilot kutatás részeredményeit ismertetem, amelyben egyetemisták énmegjelenítési/benyomáskeltési stratégiáit vizsgálom. A szociálpszichológiai megközelítések habár eltérő módon definiálják az énmegjelenítést/benyomáskeltést a tudatosság tekintetében, mégis egyöntetűen stratégiákat rendelnek a jelenséghez (Goffman 1959; Schlenker 1980; Jones–Pittman 1982; Leary–Kowalski 1990; Leary 1995).

A pilot kutatás elsődleges célja az, hogy a szociálpszichológiai és a pragmatikai megközelítéseket ötvözve létrehozzon egy olyan tesztet, amely alkalmas az énmegjelenítés/benyomáskeltés vizsgálatára. A dolgozatban a magyar anyanyelvű egyetemi hallgatók számára létrehozott, az énmegjelenítési stratégiákat vizsgáló nyílt végű diskurzuskiegészítéses teszt adatgyűjtési módszert ismertetem, illetve annak metodológiai problémáit járom körül. A pilot teszt eredményei alapján megállapítható, hogy egy szituációban nem megjósolhatóak a stratégiák, hanem a különböző társas interakciók esetében vannak kevésbé vagy inkább preferált metódusok, melyeket meghatároznak a benyomáskeltés mögött meghúzódó lehetséges motivációk, az arculatfenyegetettség mértéke, a szociológiai és szociokulturális változók.
Wie lassen sich Transformationen gestalten?
Authors: Brohmann Bettina , Wolff Franziska
Published: May 2021

Unsere zukünftigen Herausforderungen sind enorm und erfordern eine grundlegende Veränderung vieler Produktions- und Konsummuster. Denn Probleme wie Klimawandel, Biodiversitätsverlust und Ressourcenverknappung sind eng mit den Grundstrukturen unseres Wirtschaftens verknüpft. Hier braucht es gesellschaftliche Transformationen, welche die Art, wie gesellschaftliche Bedürfnisse erfüllt werden, verändern.
Eine digitale Stadt für alle gestalten
Authors: Rohde Friederike , Piétron Dominik , Calderón Lüning Elizabeth
Published: May 2021

Städte und Landkreise haben eine Schlüsselrolle in der digitalen Transformation. Doch was heißt kommunale Selbstverwaltung im digitalen Zeitalter? Am Beispiel des Bündnisses Digitale Stadt in Berlin zeigt der Beitrag, wie unsere Städte nicht nur smart, sondern auch inklusiv und demokratisch werden können.
ANALISIS ZAT GIZI ES KRIM PISANG BATU (Musa balbisiana colla) SEBAGAI PANGAN FUNGSIONAL PENCEGAH KANKER KOLOREKTAL
Authors: Juwita Riza Iska , Syauqy Ahmad , Anjani Gemala , Afifah Diana Nur
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang: Pisang batu merupakan salah satu pangan lokal sumber kalsium dan serat pangan. Es krim dengan substitusi tepung pisang batu dengan kandungan tinggi kalsium dan serat pangan dapat menjadi alternatif pangan fungsional pencegah kanker kolorektal.Tujuan: Mengetahui efek substitusi tepung pisang batu terhadap kandungan gizi yang meliputi kadar protein, lemak, air, abu, serat pangan, dan kalsium es krim pisang batu.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 3 taraf perlakuan, yaitu variasi substitusi tepung pisang batu 0% (N1), 12% (N2), dan 17% (N3) dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Analisis kadar protein menggunakan metode Kjeldahl, kadar lemak menggunakan metode soxhlet, kadar karbohidrat menggunakan metode carbohydrate by difference, kadar air menggunakan metode oven, kadar abu menggunakan metode pengabuan kering, kadar serat pangan dengan metode enzimatik-gravimetri, dan uji kalsium menggunakan uji titrimetrik. Analisis statistik kandungan gizi menggunakan uji one way ANOVA.Hasil: Es krim N2 dengan substitusi tepung pisang batu 12% memiliki kadar kalsium tertinggi diantara semua perlakuan dengan kandungan kalsium 0,73%, protein 3,04%, lemak 5,09%, karbohidrat 39,31%, air 51,25%, abu 1,29%, dan serat pangan 5,96%.Simpulan: Substitusi tepung pisang batu dapat meningkatkan kalsium, kadar lemak, kadar air dan menurunkan kadar abu pada es krim pisang batu.
FAKTOR IBU DAN WAKTU PEMBERIAN MPASI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI KABUPATEN KUPANG
Authors: Zogara Asweros Umbu , Loaloka Meirina Sulastri , Pantaleon Maria Goreti
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang: Balita sangat rawan mengalami gangguan kesehatan akibat dari masalah gizi karena balita menjadi awal dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Balita yang kekurangan gizi akan berisiko mengalami masalah kesehatan di masa mendatang. Penyebab masalah gizi pada balita antara lain, faktor orang tua karena balita masih sangat bergantung dengan orang tua, serta pemberian MPASI dini. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara faktor ibu dan waktu pemberian MPASI dengan status gizi balita di Kabupaten Kupang.Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Oefeto dan Raknamo, Kecamatan Amabi Oefeto, Kabupaten Kupang pada bulan September sampai Desember 2019. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 229 balita dan data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita adalah pendidikan ibu (p value=0,001), pengetahuan gizi ibu (p value=0,001), perilaku gizi ibu (p value=0,001), dan waktu pemberian MPASI (p value=0,001), sedangkan pekerjaan ibu (p value= 0,783), dan sikap ibu tentang gizi (p value=0,355) tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi balita. Kesimpulan: Intervensi perlu dilakukan terhadap faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi balita, antara lain peningkatan pengetahuan gizi, serta penerapan perilaku gizi ibu.
The European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS): a summary report
Authors: Carobene Anna , Aarsand Aasne K. , Bartlett William A. , Coskun Abdurrahman , Diaz-Garzon Jorge , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Guerra Elena , Jonker Niels , Locatelli Massimo , Plebani Mario , Sandberg Sverre , Ceriotti Ferruccio
Published: May 2021

Biological variation (BV) data have many important applications in laboratory medicine. Concerns about quality of published BV data led the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) 1st Strategic Conference to indicate need for new studies to generate BV estimates of required quality. In response, the EFLM Working Group on BV delivered the multicenter European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS). This review summarises the EuBIVAS and its outcomes. Serum/plasma samples were taken from 91 ostensibly healthy individuals for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European centres. Analysis was performed by Siemens ADVIA 2400 (clinical chemistry), Cobas Roche 8000, c702 and e801 (proteins and tumor markers/hormones respectively), ACL Top 750 (coagulation parameters), and IDS iSYS or DiaSorin Liaison (bone biomarkers). A strict preanalytical and analytical protocol was applied. To determine BV estimates with 95% CI, CV-ANOVA after analysis of outliers, homogeneity and trend analysis or a Bayesian model was applied. EuBIVAS has so far delivered BV estimates for 80 different measurands. Estimates for 10 measurands (non-HDL cholesterol, S100-β protein, neuron-specific enolase, soluble transferrin receptor, intact fibroblast growth-factor-23, uncarboxylated-unphosphorylated matrix-Gla protein, human epididymis protein-4, free, conjugated and %free prostate-specific antigen), prior to EuBIVAS, have not been available. BV data for creatinine and troponin I were obtained using two analytical methods in each case. The EuBIVAS has delivered high-quality BV data for a wide range of measurands. The BV estimates are for many measurands lower than those previously reported, having an impact on the derived analytical performance specifications and reference change values.
CEOs’ Joy of Working for the Family Firm: The Role of Psychological Ownership and Stewardship Behavior
Authors: Henssen Bart , Koiranen Matti
Published: May 2021

In this article, we examine the factors which lead to CEOs’ joy of working for the family firm, as it is expected to contribute to their willingness to invest in its perpetuation and success. We focus on three such factors: CEOs’ collective psychological ownership, their individual psychological ownership, and CEOs’ stewardship behavior. We find that on the one hand, the relationship between CEOs’ collective psychological ownership and their joy of working for the family business is mediated by their stewardship behavior, and on the other hand, stewardship behavior mediates the relationship between CEOs’ individual psychological ownership and their joy of work. We make valuable contributions to psychological ownership literature, to stewardship literature, and to the literature on joy and joy at work.
Oenological property analysis of selected Hanseniaspora uvarum isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt
Authors: Liu Xiaozhu , Li Yinfeng , Zhao Hubing , Yu Zhihai , Huang Mingzheng
Published: May 2021

Oenological yeasts play a crucial role in the winemaking process by converting sugar into ethanol, carbon dioxide and flavor substances that contribute to the wine aroma profile. Eighty strains of yeast were isolated from Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Three of the indigenous yeast strains (numbered as C26, C31 and F110) were selected based on having the strongest fruity-aroma producing ability to further evaluate theirs oenological properties, and they were identified as Hanseniaspora uvarum based on morphological and molecular analyses. Strains tolerance results showed that the selected strains have glucose, citric acid and sulfur dioxide tolerances that are comparable to commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae X16, but they are ethanol sensitive. Additionally, the H. uvarum strains had similar β-glucosidase production abilities to the control, but they do not produce hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, the selected H. uvarum strains reduced the acidity and increased the volatile aroma richness and complexity of R. roxburghii wine during laboratory-scale fermentation. Thus, the selected H. uvarum strains (C26, C31 and F110) show potential in the production of unique R. roxburghii wine.
The language division of labour across occupations: an introduction
Authors: Alarcón Alarcón Amado
Published: May 2021

This special issue contributes to understanding the role of language division of labour across occupations. The articles contribute to sociological understanding and critical dialogue with a human capital perspective in the context of the information society, where language has a central role in production processes. Since information as raw material and product is linguistically encoded, language occupies a central role in new forms of division of labour. The main question in this introduction and subsequent articles is to what extent social changes of information centrality at the production level reproduce or create new social inequalities observable through the lens of language division of labour within occupations. Although progress has been made in knowledge about competencies in the information and digital environment, little is known about specific linguistic needs across occupational classifications. Given the widespread use of alphabetization, literacy is today taken as a sine qua non for entering labour markets, instead of a stratifier across occupations and social structure. Nevertheless, in this special issue authors show that language of origin, second-language knowledge, and other literacies, such as communicative skills, become key stratifier factors. This is observable at the territorial level, types of literacies, as well as in specific and sophisticated language professions.
The Political History of Megiddo in the Early Iron Age and the Ambiguities of Evidence
Authors: Thomas Zachary
Published: May 2021

This article reviews the major problems in the political history of Megiddo during the early Iron Age (Iron Age I–IIA), at the time of the early monarchic period in Israel (eleventh–ninth centuries BCE). Megiddo has been central to an ongoing debate over the nature of the early monarchic period in Israel and the exact chronology of the Iron Age I–IIA periods. This importance derives both from the extensive excavations of the relevant strata at Megiddo (VIA, VB and VA-IVB) as well as Megiddo’s appearance in relevant historical sources, namely the Hebrew Bible, which claims that Solomon “built” Megiddo, and its appearance in the campaign list of pharaoh Sheshonq I. Though the fragment of a stela of Sheshonq I was found at Megiddo, it was only found after having been discarded and so its stratigraphic attribution is unclear. Radiocarbon dating from these strata has assisted to some degree but still left dating and historical questions quite open. This article will demonstrate that the political history of Megiddo during the early Iron Age is beset with ambiguities in the evidence, which have been divided into seven ambiguities for the purpose of the discussion here. When these ambiguities are taken into account, it becomes clear that the interpreter has much latitude in making their reconstruction, specifically in how they date strata and associate them with putative historical developments. Different cases can be made for associating particular strata and their termination with Solomon, Sheshonq or even later kings, but none can claim to objectively be the correct or superior reconstruction.
S. W. Williams’ Relations with Asa Gray: Lifelong Friendship, Botany and Sinology
Authors: Chit-Shing So
Published: May 2021

Samuel Wells Williams was a well-known missionary, diplomat and sinologist. In his whole life, he never gave up his pursuit on botany, however, there was not much attention to his botanical accomplishment. Williams had a lifelong friendship with Asa Gray, who was the most distinguished American botanist in the 19th century. And because of the contact, Williams related with botany indeed. In order to figure out their friendship and influence, this article is going to use the correspondences between Williams and Gray, besides the related publications. This article first presents Williams’ lifelong friendship with Gray, then, accounts for the plants and seeds which Williams gave to Gray. Finally, it will demonstrate the influence of Gray towards Williams’ contact with Ko Kun-hua, who was the first professor of Chinese descent at Harvard University.
Nationwide implementation of a decision aid on vaginal birth after cesarean: a before and after cohort study
Authors: Koppes Dorothea M. , van Hees Merel S. F. , Koenders Vivienne M. , Oudijk Martijn A. , Bekker Mireille N. , Franssen Maureen T. M. , Smits Luc J. , Hermens Rosella , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Scheepers Hubertina C.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Woman with a history of a previous cesarean section (CS) can choose between an elective repeat CS (ERCS) and a trial of labor (TOL), which can end in a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) or an unplanned CS. Guidelines describe women’s rights to make an informed decision between an ERCS or a TOL. However, the rates of TOL and vaginal birth after CS varies greatly between and within countries. The objective of this study is to asses nation-wide implementation of counselling with a decision aid (DA) including a prediction model, on intended delivery compared to care as usual. We hypothesize that this may result in a reduction in practice variation without an increase in cesarean rates or complications.

Methods

In a multicenter controlled before and after cohort study we evaluate the effect of nation-wide implementation of a DA. Practice variation was defined as the standard deviation (SD) of TOL percentages.

Results

A total of 27 hospitals and 1,364 women were included. A significant decrease was found in practice variation (SD TOL rates: 0.17 control group vs. 0.10 intervention group following decision aid implementation, p=0.011). There was no significant difference in the ERCS rate or overall CS rates. A 21% reduction in the combined maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes was seen.

Conclusions

Nationwide implementation of the DA showed a significant reduction in practice variation without an increase in the rate of cesarean section or complications, suggesting an improvement in equality of care.
Das Reich Gottes in einer bedrohten Schöpfung leben
Authors: Dziewas Ralf
Published: May 2021

Kern der biblischen Reich-Gottes-Theologie ist die Erwartung, dass die Schöpfung in Gottes Reich an ihr Ziel kommen wird. Die christliche Auferstehungshoffnung verheißt darüber hinaus auch denen, die das Reich Gottes in dieser Welt nur im Anbruch erleben durften, volle Teilhabe an der von Gott vollendeten friedvollen und harmonischen Gemeinschaft aller Geschöpfe. Daher kann die christliche Hoffnung ethische Orientierung und spirituelle Kraft für eine nachhaltige Bewahrung der Schöpfung geben.
Facilitating Dialogue to Build koinonia: A Study Document on Churches and Moral Discernment by the Faith and Order Commission
Authors: Wijlens Myriam
Published: May 2021

Current tensions within and between churches often result from disagreements over moral issues. The WCC Commission on Faith and Order took up the task to assist the churches in finding a way to deepen mutual understanding leading to dialogue. It published the 2021 study document Churches and Moral Discernment: Facilitating Dialogue to Build koinonia. In this contribution, the author provides insights into the background of and process leading to the study document and explains its content.
A Rhetorical Solution to a Text-critical Problem in Psalm 69
Authors: Poe Hays Rebecca W.
Published: May 2021

The final word in Ps 69:27 presents a text-critical problem for interpreters: the MT reads יספרו, »they talked about«, but the LXX/Syr. reflect a Hebrew Vorlage that read יספיו or יספו, »they added to«. This article argues that the variants emerged due to the challenge of translating word play across languages. The reconciliation of the resulting readings does not require the choice of one interpretation over the other; instead, the »original« Hebrew text of Ps 69:27b meant both »to tell« and »to add«, a meaning that underscores a major themes and rhetorical strategy of the larger psalm.
Exothermic behaviour of aluminium and graphene as a fuel in Fe2O3 based nanothermite
Authors: Thakur Priya , Sharma Vimal , Thakur Nagesh
Published: May 2021

The main frontier of this research is to study the influence of multi-layer graphene (MLG) and aluminium as a fuel in Al/Fe2O3 and MLG/Fe2O3 nanothermites, fabricated by physical mixing and ultrasonication techniques. To study the structural and energy release properties, prepared samples were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and DSC. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique showed that all the phases remain intact during the synthesis. Field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs displayed the surface morphology of the samples, and besides this, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was used to check the elemental composition of samples. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the ultrasonication waves did not deteriorate the aromatic structure of graphene sheets. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra were used to observe the information about various functional groups present in the thermite samples. The exothermic energy released by the thermite reaction in both the samples was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the observed values of energy release for Al/Fe2O3 and MLG/Fe2O3 are 215 J/g and 1640 J/g.
The theoretical investigation of the opto-electronic properties of designed molecules having 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end-capped acceptors
Authors: Tariq Amina , Ramzan Hina , Ahmad Syed Waqas , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Ajmal Maryam , Khalid Muhammad , Iqbal Javed
Published: May 2021

Five acceptor-donor-acceptor molecules having different core units with 2-(2-Methylene-3-oxo-indane-1-ylidene)malononitrile as end capped terminal acceptor unit were designed. The ground state geometries and electronic properties were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The absorption spectra were computed by using time dependent DFT at MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The designed molecules have broad absorption range in visible region. M3 shows relatively lower band gap so that having high light harvesting efficiency (LHE). The molecules consider as better hole blocking materials in term of high ionization potentials. The reorganization energies calculation of M1, M2 and M4 manifests that these molecules are the optimal candidate for electron transportation. High value of Voc has been observed for molecules which would favorably contribute in power conversion efficiency. M1, M2, M4 and M5 are more stable in terms of absolute hardness and electrostatic potential surfaces. All molecules show good opto-electronic properties in the aspect of their use in photovoltaic application.
The use of FCNT/PANI nanocomposites to extend the life of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Deyab Mohamed A. , Al-Qhatani Mohsen Mohammed
Published: May 2021

The contact between aluminum foil (current collector) and LiTFSI salt electrolyte not only causes surface corrosion problems but also decreases the shelf life of the lithium-ion battery (LIB). In this work, we develop new composites coatings that are able to protect the aluminum foil from corrosion in the LIB. The new composites contain functionalized carbon nanotubes and polyaniline conductive polymer (FCNT/PANI). The performance of new composites is evaluated using various experiments including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The charge and discharge cycles of the LIB cell with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the battery performance and the morphology of the aluminum foil. Towards anti-corrosion application, FCNT/PANI composites can successfully suppress the pitting corrosion of Al foil in 1.0 M LiTFSI electrolyte. The FCNT/PANI composite that uses 1.0% FCNT shows a superior rate capability and anti-corrosion performance when compared with composites that use the 0.2 and 0.5% FCNT. Further, the lithium-ion battery with coated Al foils with FCNT/PANI composites gives an excellent cyclability. Overall, these results confirm that the FCNT/PANI composites are a determining factor for lithium-ion battery efficiency.
EEG Phase-Amplitude Coupling Strength and Phase Preference: Association with Age over the First Three Years after Birth
Authors: Mariscal Michael G. , Levin April R. , Gabard-Durnam Laurel J. , Xie Wanze , Tager-Flusberg Helen , Nelson Charles A.
Published: May 2021

Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), the coupling of the phase of slower electrophysiological oscillations with the amplitude of faster oscillations, is thought to facilitate dynamic integration of neural activity in the brain. Although the brain undergoes dramatic change and development during the first few years of life, how PAC changes through this developmental period has not been extensively studied. Here, we examined PAC through electroencephalography (EEG) data collected during an awake, eyes-open EEG collection paradigm in 98 children between the ages of three months and three years. We employed non-parametric clustering methods to identify areas of significant PAC across a range of frequency pairs and electrode locations, and examined how PAC strength and phase preference develops in these areas. We found that PAC, primarily between the α-β and γ frequencies, was positively correlated with age from early infancy to early childhood (p = 2.035 × 10−6). Additionally, we found γ over anterior electrodes coupled with the rising phase of the α-β waveform, while γ over posterior electrodes coupled with the falling phase of the α-β waveform; this regionalized phase preference became more prominent with age. This opposing trend may reflect each region’s specialization toward feedback or feedforward processing, respectively, suggesting opportunities for back translation in future studies.
Orthodox Conservatism and the Refugee Crisis in Bulgaria and Moldova
Authors: Leustean Lucian N.
Published: May 2021

In 2015, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church issued an unusual statement declaring that the arrival of refugees represented a “true invasion” in the region. One year later, during debates on Moldova’s presidential elections, the Orthodox Church endorsed the fake news that 30,000 Syrians were about to arrive in the country. Drawing on interviews in Chişinău and Sofia, the article argues that the European refugee crisis has led to an internationally-linked Orthodox conservatism characterized by five components: defending a mythical past; fostering close relations with state authorities; anti-Westernism; building conservative networks at local, national, and geopolitical levels; and presenting Orthodox churches as alternative governance structures. These components shape religion–state relations in predominantly Orthodox countries in the region and have had a direct impact on the ways in which religious and state bodies have responded to populism and geopolitics.