bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bases y fundamentos de política criminal para México
Authors: Bastidas Álvarez José Felipe
Published: September 2023

Este artículo profundiza en la esencia y amplitud de la política criminal, destacando su naturaleza multidisciplinaria e interdisciplinaria. Más allá de ser solo un conjunto de acciones públicas contra la criminalidad, la política criminal se presenta como una disciplina científica integral. Al comprenderla adecuadamente, no solo se distingue del derecho penal, sino que también gana importancia en herramientas prácticas y teóricas para los sistemas de justicia penal.
Un año de guerra. El conflicto armado entre Rusia y Ucrania ante la justicia internacional
Authors: Virdzhiniya Petrova Georgieva
Published: September 2023

Este artículo examina el papel de la Corte Penal Internacional y la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el contexto de la guerra en Ucrania, donde se han cometido graves violaciones al derecho internacional. Aunque estos tribunales han iniciado investigaciones y casos contenciosos, su actuación revela tanto avances como desafíos significativos. En particular, el estudio señala la limitada capacidad de estos órganos judiciales para ejercer control sobre actores políticos poderosos en asuntos que afectan la paz y la seguridad internacionales.
Awareness on Augmentative Alternative Communication among Special Educators in Kerala
Authors: Jacob Ms. Jiya Annu , Gupta Dr. Vini Abhijith
Published: September 2023

Abstract: AAC system permits individuals with communication disorder to communicate for various purposes. The rewarding part of AAC is the cooperation of professionals, such as speech-language pathologists, special educators, and other professionals, which results in enhancing the child's capacity for learning and communication. The aim of the current study was to investigate awareness in Special Educators regarding AAC for children with Communication Disabilities using a EQuestionnaire was developed in English/ Malayalam language, in Kottayam district, Kerala. The results of the current study revealed that moderate awareness was noticed among 30 special educators who underwent the study. It can be concluded that special educator’s effective knowledge and ongoing training allowed them to work with other professionals including speech language pathologists to improve the language output of children and adults with communication disorders.
A Comparative Study of State Management Libraries: Redux, MobX, Recoil, and Zustand
Authors: Sehgal Jai , Yadhav Akash
Published: September 2023

Abstract: State management is an essential concern in the development of modern web applications. Various libraries have emerged to ease this problem, each with its own philosophy and implementation details. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of four prominent state management libraries: Redux, MobX, Recoil, and Zustand. We scrutinize each library in terms of usability, complexity, code maintainability, and performance, thereby providing developers with insights to make an informed choice.
Tools to communicate science: looking for an effective video abstract in Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Authors: Ferreira Miguel , Granado António , Lopes Betina , Loureiro João
Published: September 2023

Video abstracts, filmed versions of scientific written abstracts, are an exciting trend in the world of online science videos, but, to date, the classification, conception and reception of these videos still need to be explored. This study aims to identify the most and least valued features, exploring future guidelines for producing an effective video abstract. For this purpose, 30 science video experts watched 21 video abstracts and filled out a questionnaire. Content analysis showed that video abstracts in Ecology and Environmental Sciences should be short, clear, objective, creative, dynamic and informative, mixing impactful live images with animation.
Analysis of The Physicochemical and Sensory Quality of Adee Cake During Storage
Authors: Sulaiman Ismail , Rohaya Syarifah , Ichsan Muhammad
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Cake is a wet food product made by baking dough from flour, sugar, eggs, milk, fat, and other additives. Adee cake is one of the typical foods marketed in the Pidie area, which is very famous and becomes one of the foods as souvenirs. The problem faced with this cake is the shelf life and quality of the cake. Therefore, this research was carried out about the physicochemical properties of Adee cake during the storage process and to observe the sensory properties. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a non-factorial pattern, namely storage time consisting of (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days) with three repetitions. Further tests of DMRT will follow the analysis of variance ANOVA in this study. The results of the hardness analysis obtained an average of 51.43 gf. The color analysis showed that the average coefficient value was 111 on the top and 252 on the inside showing a very significant difference. Chemical analysis obtained the average, namely, water content 39.30%, ash content 0.79%, fat content 7.94%, protein content 1.82%, crude fiber content 0.70%, and carbohydrates 49.76%, showed a very significant difference (P≤0.01). The organoleptic test analysis (hedonic) obtained the average, namely, color 3.63, texture 3.29, flavor 3.64, taste 3.30, and overall 3.46 showed a very significant difference (P≤0.01).Abstrak: Cake merupakan salah satu produk makanan semi-basah yang dibuat dengan pemanggangan adonan dari tepung, gula, telur, susu, lemak dan bahan tambahan lainnya. Cake adee ini merupakan salah satu makanan khas yang dipasarkan di daearah Pidie, yang sangat terkenal dan menjadi salah satu makanan sebagai oleh-oleh, problem yang dihadapi pada cake ini adalah masa simpan dan kualitas dari kue tersebut, oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian tentang  sifat fisikokimia kue Adee selama proses penyimpanan dan mengamati sifat sensorisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola non faktorial yaitu lama penyimpanan yang terdiri dari (0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 hari) dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Selanjutnya uji DMRT akan mengikuti analisis varians ANOVA pada penelitian ini. Hasil analisis kekerasan diperoleh rata-rata 51,43 gf, hasil analisis warna menunjukkan nilai koefisien rata-rata 111 pada bagian atas dan 252 pada bagian dalam menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat signifikan. Analisis kimia diperoleh rata-rata kadar air 39,30%, kadar abu 0,79%, kadar lemak 7,94%, kadar protein 1,82%, kadar serat kasar 0,70%, dan karbohidrat 49,76%, menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P≤0,01). Uji organoleptik (hedonik) diperoleh rata-rata yaitu warna 3,63, tekstur 3,29, rasa 3,64, rasa 3,30, dan keseluruhan 3,46 menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P≤0,01).
The Assessment of Seawater Intrusion on The North Coast of Aceh Besar: A Surface Water and Well Water Study
Authors: Irham Muhammad , Putra Ilhamsyah , Irwansyah Irwansyah , Setiawan Ichsan , Rusdi Ichsan
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Groundwater that is used excessively in coastal areas will have an impact on the entry of salt water into groundwater so that groundwater becomes salty, a process called seawater intrusion. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of seawater intrusion on the north coast of Aceh Besar. The method used in this study is a random and purposive sampling method on resident well water and surface water in both high and low tide conditions. The collected data was visualized using ArcGIS in the form of a spatial map. The results of the study show that the north coast of Aceh Besar in the eastern part has experienced seawater intrusion, while in the west it has the potential for seawater intrusion. Meanwhile, the salinity level for well water used daily is brackish, so it cannot be used for drinking water and other hygiene needs. The result of the correlation test between salinity and distance shows that salinity is not influenced by distance with a value of 4.17%. However, it is influenced by other factors such as land subsidence due to aquaculture activities and the nature of the rocks that make up the aquifer with a value of 95.83%.Abstrak: Air tanah yang dimanfaatkan secara berlebihan di daerah pesisir akan berdampak pada masuknya air asin ke dalam air tanah sehingga air tanah menjadi asin yang disebut dengan intrusi air laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran spasial intrusi air laut di pantai utara Aceh Besar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode random dan purposive sampling pada air sumur penduduk dan air permukaan baik pada kondisi pasang maupun surut. Data yang terkumpul divisualisasikan menggunakan ArcGIS dalam bentuk peta spasial. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pantai utara Aceh Besar di bagian timur telah mengalami intrusi air laut, sedangkan di bagian barat berpotensi terjadi intrusi air laut. Sementara tingkat salinitas untuk air sumur yang digunakan sehari-hari adalah payau sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk air minum dan kebutuhan kebersihan lainnya. Hasil uji korelasi antara salinitas dan jarak menunjukkan bahwa salinitas tidak dipengaruhi oleh jarak dengan nilai 4,17%, namun dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain seperti penurunan muka tanah akibat kegiatan budidaya dan sifat batuan penyusun akuifer dengan nilai 95,83%.
Food Habits and Niche Breadth of Three Species of Fish Catchs in Aneuk Laot Lake, Sabang Aceh
Authors: Nurfadillah Nurfadillah , Dewiyanti Irma , Maulana Muhammad Akbar , Sari Siswani , Hasfiandi Hasfiandi
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Aneuk Laot Lake becomes a source of livelihood for people who work as fishermen around the lake. This research was conducted in June 2020. The study aims to analyze the food habits, niche breadth, and niche overlap of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus), and louhan (Cichlasoma trimaculatum) in Aneuk Laot Lake. The method used in this study is the survey method. Fishing is done with the use of ring trawls of 2 and 3 inches. Tilapia, Mujair, and Louhan fish that have been caught were dissected and their digestive organs were preserved using 10% NBF. The results showed that Tilapia (O. niloticus) are omnivorous with phytoplankton as their main food and an index of preponderance value of 54.72%, Mujair (O. mossambicus) are omnivorous with the main food in the form of phytoplankton and the index of preponderance value is 50.15%, and louhan (C. trimaculatum) is carnivorous with the main food in the form of small fish and the index of preponderance value is 99.35%. The value of the niche breadth of Tilapia is 2.89, Mujair is 2.66, and Louhan is 1.07. The niche overlap value of food between Tilapia and Mujair is 0.96, meaning that it has great potential to utilize the same type of food, whereas Louhan's niche overlap index with Nila and Mujair is 0.01, indicating that it has very little competition in using the same food.Abstrak: Danau Aneuk Laot menjadi sumber mata pencaharian bagi masyarakat yang berprofesi sebagai nelayan di sekitar danau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2020 di Danau Aneuk Laot, Sabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebiasaan makan, luas relung, dan tumpang tindih makanan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus), dan louhan (Cichlasoma trimaculatum) di Danau Aneuk Laot. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei. Penangkapan ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pukat cincin ukuran 2 dan 3 inchi. Ikan Nila, Mujair, dan Louhan yang telah ditangkap dibedah dan organ pencernaannya diawetkan menggunakan NBF 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan Nila (O. niloticus) adalah omnivora dengan makanan utama fitoplankton dan nilai indeks preponderance sebesar 54,72%, Mujair (O. mossambicus) adalah omnivora dengan makanan utama berupa fitoplankton dan indeks nilai preponderance adalah 50,15%, dan Louhan (C. trimaculatum) merupakan karnivora dengan makanan utama berupa ikan-ikan kecil dan indeks nilai preponderance sebesar 99,35%. Nilai luas relung Nila sebesar 2,89, Mujair sebesar 2,66, dan Louhan sebesar 1,07. Nilai tumpang tindih makanan antara Nila dan Mujair sebesar 0,96 artinya memiliki  potensi yang besar dalam memanfaatkan jenis makanan yang sama sedangkan indeks tumpang tindih Louhan dengan Nila dan Mujair sebesar 0,01 yang berarti memiliki kompetisi yang sangat kecil dalam memanfaatkan makanan yang sama.
Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Zinc Oxide Composite From Candlenut Shell Charcoal (Aleuritas moluccana)
Authors: Saleh Asri , Amhadin Fadhil Asy’ari , Novianty Iin
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Candlenut shell is one of the by-products of the hazelnut processing industry which has not been widely utilized. However, the carbon content from the candlenut shell can be used as charcoal, which has the potential as the base material for making reduced graphene oxide (GO) capacitance products. After the composite process, characterization of the rGO and its composites was carried out with FTIR and XRD instruments. The synthesis results obtained are combined with ZnO to determine the value of the electrical result. From FTIR characterization, it was found that C=C, C-O, and O-H functional groups were formed, and the XRD measurement resulted in a peak diffractogram at 2θ ⁓ 23,96°, which is typical for rGO material. The result of testing with a conductivity meter at a rGO-ZnO 0:1 ratio, produced a capacitance value of 4,72 mF, in terms of 1:2, 6,34 mF; 1:1, 7,36 mF; 2:1, 5,18 mF; and 1:0, 4,28 mF. The optimum ratio of rGO-ZnO with the highest capacitance value was found, which is the ratio of 1:1 with a capacitance value of 7,36 mF.Abstrak: Tempurung kemiri merupakan salah satu hasil samping dari industri pengolahan kemiri yang masih belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara luas. Akan tetapi kandungan karbon pada tempurung kemiri dapat dijadikan arang yang berpotensi sebagai salah satu bahan dasar pembuatan Grafena Oksida(GO) tereduksi. Hasil sintesis yang didapatkan dikompositkan dengan ZnO untuk mengetahui nilai kapasitansi yang dihasilkan. Setelah proses komposit, dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap rGO dan kompositnya dengan instrumen FTIR dan XRD kemudian diuji nilai kapasitansi elektrik yang dihasilkan dengan alat multimeter. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi FTIR, didapati terbentuk gugus C=C, C-O, O-H dan uji XRD menghasilkan nilai 2θ ⁓ 23,96o yang mengindikasikan rGO .Hasil pengujian dengan konduktimeter menghasilkan data perbandingan rGO-ZnO 0:1 menghasilkan nilai kapasitansi 4,72 mF, 1:2, 6,34 mF; 1:1, 7,36 mF; 2:1, 5,18 mF; dan 1:0, 4,28 mF. Diperoleh perbandingan optimum rGO-ZnO dengan nilai kapasitansi paling besar yaitu perbandingan 1:1 sebesar 7,36 mF.
Identification of Power Quality Disturbances Using S-Transform and Multi-Class Support Vector Machine
Authors: Wenda Alex
Published: September 2023

Abstract: An essential issue in power quality disturbances is identifying and classifying power quality disturbances from anywhere and at any time. This article proposed a new approach to identify and classify power quality disturbances over the web using S-transform, Multi-Class Support vector machine (SVM), and Matlab framework. S-Transform is used as an extraction feature to obtain the temporal frequency characteristics of power quality events. The development of the multi-class SVM classifier, in which the system classifies various power quality disturbances. Finally, the Matlab framework integrated the graphical and computational processes with remote access via the web. The test result indicated the suggested method's effectiveness and robustness for identifying and classifying power quality disturbances through the web.Abstrak: Masalah penting dalam gangguan kualitas daya adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan gangguan kualitas daya dari mana saja dan kapan saja. Artikel ini mengusulkan pendekatan baru untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan gangguan kualitas daya melalui web menggunakan S-transform, Multi-Class Support vector machine (SVM), dan Matlab. S-Transform digunakan sebagai fitur ekstraksi untuk mendapatkan karakteristik frekuensi temporal dari peristiwa kualitas daya. Multi class SVM classifier dikembangkan dimana sistem mengklasifikasikan berbagai gangguan kualitas daya. Akhirnya, Matlab framework mengintegrasikan proses grafis dan komputasi sehingga dapat diakses jarak jauh melalui web. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan efektivitas dan robustnes metode yang usulkan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengklasifikasikan gangguan kualitas daya melalui web.
Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Medication Refill Protocol
Authors: Khan Samia , Kram Jessica J. F. , Baumgardner Dennis J. , Sessions Amanda G. , Foss Patrick , Bellinger Carl , Kotovicz Fabiana
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Primary care clinicians spend significant time managing nonvisit activities, including processing of requests for prescription renewal. Delays in processing refills may lead to patient dissatisfaction and impact provider productivity. Having nonclinicians process refills can be more efficient and time-saving. We aimed to evaluate the use of a multidisciplinary medication refill protocol to decrease the time to complete refill requests.
Methods: We implemented nursing-driven management of refill requests within two family medicine residency clinics in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Phase 1: single clinic implementation [March 2017–June 2019]; Phase 2: added second clinic prepandemic [June 2019–March 2020] and postpandemic [April 2020–December 2020]). The multidisciplinary refill protocol was created by faculty, residents, pharmacy, and nursing. Data were collected using electronic health record time stamps to determine when refill requests were initiated and filled by faculty, residents, and nurses. We used Mood’s median test to compare the median time for medication refill completion. We used Levene’s test to test for equal variance surrounding the median of each caregiver group. We used Fisher’s exact test or χ2 test with Yates’ correction for 2×2 contingency tables.
Results: In both phases, we identified a significant reduction in median time to refill completion (P<.001) and variability of time to refill completion (P<.001). Notably, in Phase 1, reduction in median refill time was most apparent among residents (383 vs 79 min postimplementation); and in Phase 2, the percentage of refills completed within 48 hours significantly increased between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic among faculty and nursing in Clinic 1 and residents and faculty in Clinic 2 (all P’s<.001).
Conclusions: Implementation of a multidisciplinary refill protocol significantly improved time and predictability of refill completion in both phases.
Exploring students’ perceptions of private mathematics tutoring in three countries
Authors: Shahrill Masitah , Nurhasanah Farida , Ibrahim Sahar Abbas , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra , Asamoah Daniel , Mohammad Haryani , Gan Ai Len
Published: September 2023

This descriptive quantitative study explored secondary school students’ reasons for receiving or not receiving private mathematics tutoring. It also explored the prevalent teaching methods private mathematics tutors use. A questionnaire was adapted to collect data from 1,309 Year 7 to Year 12 students (ages 11 to 17 years) in three countries: Brunei, Indonesia, and Iraq. The results highlight that students may receive private mathematics tutoring to pass national examinations and improve examination scores. Teachers also adapt to teaching approaches that enable students to achieve these teaching and learning goals. This study provides an initial understanding of the common reasons and teaching methods used in private mathetics tutoring across different contexts that prioritise high-stakes examination culture. The results provide implications for how private mathematics tutoring can be used to support effective teaching and learning compared to the high-stakes reasons it seems it promotes. The results also accentuate the need for families and other stakeholders to reconsider private mathematics tutoring as an opportunity to remediate the challenges students encounter in their normal classroom instruction to improve student learning.
O “dragão asiático”: a construção do socialismo chinês e seus reflexos nas relações internacionais
Authors:   , Sanches, Alexandra Rodrigues Sanches, Alexandra Rodrigues
Published: September 2023

Com o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, pretende-se analisar a construção do socialismo chinês durante os governos dos líderes Mao Tsé-Tung e Deng Xiaoping, cujo desenvolvimento não só esteve sujeito às circunstâncias históricas presentes nos cenários domésticos de seus respectivos mandatos, mas também às condições impostas por uma ordem internacional hegemônica fundamentada na lógica de exploração do capitalismo, resultando na necessidade de formulação de estratégias que permitam a coexistência de uma país socialista em um mundo predominantemente capitalista. Nesse sentido, a China representa um forte contraponto às relações de dominação exercidas pelas potências ocidentais, ao negar-se a adotar um papel de submissão que é atribuído pelas forças hegemônicas aos países do Sul global, nas dinâmicas do comércio global.
Urgent Affairs, Strange Empathy
Authors: Sveinung Rudjord Unneland
Published: September 2023

In 2018, Kunst- og designhøgskolen i Bergen (KHiB) moved into brand new premises in Møllendalsveien, and at the same time changed its name and organizational affiliation to Kunstakademiet – Institutt for samtidskunst, Fakultet for kunst musikk og design, Universitetet i Bergen. At the same time, Sveinung Unneland began his work on the doctoral project Urgent Affairs, Strange Empathy. In the project, Unneland examines these structural and architectural changes, in parallel with that he explores how we can establish different autonomous spaces and practices within the institutional context as such.

Only by insisting on a radical openness about what art is or can be, is it possible, in my opinion, to maintain a meaningful relationship with the concept of art. An important question then becomes how we (as artists, researchers, and teachers) best cultivate and safeguard this openness, in our own practice and within the institutional framework many of us find ourselves in.

Urgent Affairs, Strange Empathy places itself in an institutional tradition that in Bergen goes back to the self-organized Vestlandets Kunstakademi (1973). Through practical collaborative projects, Unneland explores how this legacy can be continued within today's institutional framework. Parallel to this, he has worked with painting as an integral part of the research project; a personal practice where he can set up models for possible relationships between the fictional and the real, the personal and the common, the inside and the outside.

Bio
Sveinung Rudjord Unneland (1981, Farsund) is a visual artist and Ph.D. research fellow at the Art Academy – Institute of contemporary art, at the faculty of art, music and design, University of Bergen. He received his education at the Kunsthøgskolen i Bergen and Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weissensee (2007). Sveinung Rudjord Unneland has worked with Urgent Affairs, Strange Empathy since 2018 under the guidance of Eamon O'Kane and Ane Hjort Guttu.
The Role of Vitamin D in the Severity and Control of Asthma in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ladeira Joelia M. , Zacas Olívia , Ferreira Amanda Miranda , Stegun Patrícia Chaib Gomes , SOUZA TIAGO DE , Grotta Milena , Toro Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera
Published: September 2023

Background: Vitamin D may contribute to the balance in between
regulatory and suppressive functions of T cells to modulate the
inflammatory process in asthma. Objective: To assess serum
vitamin D levels and their relationship with asthma control, asthma
severity and its anti-inflammatory effect in children. Methods:
This systematic review was based on articles published between 2009 and
August 2022. Children under 18 years old with asthma were included.
Results: The initial database search identified 2,015
manuscripts. Through screening identified only 25 eligible articles, but
only eight studies met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The
analysis revealed that in six studies involving 588 participants, mean
25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in children with uncontrolled
asthma compared to those with controlled asthma, with a mean difference
of -5.07 (-8.57, -1.57) and a high rate of heterogeneity I
= 89%. In five studies comprising 362 patients, the
relationship between vitamin D and asthma severity was assessed. Lower
levels of vitamin D were associated with a higher risk of severe asthma
in children, with a mean difference of -6.00 (-8.09, -3.90) and
substantial heterogeneity (90%, p<0.00001). In most
patients, no significant correlation was found between vitamin D and
lung function. Furthermore, serum vitamin D showed an association with
interleukins and with regulatory T lymphocytes. Conclusion:
Vitamin D plays a critical role in reducing asthma attacks. However,
more randomized studies are necessary for a thorough evaluation and
definitive recommendation for vitamin D supplementation.
Adaptive Transient Interference Suppression Based on Time-Frequency Double Sparsity for OTHR
Authors: Chen Zirui , Chen Alei , Liu Weijian , Yang Liping , Xiaoyan Ma
Published: September 2023

To solve the problem that the detection performance of over the horizon
radar (OTHR) is seriously affected by the transient interference, an
adaptive transient interference suppression method is proposed based on
time-frequency double sparsity (TFDS). The TFDS takes the double
sparsity of transient interference in the slow-time domain and sea
clutter in the frequency domain as the priori information to construct
the objective function. Then, optimizing the objective function by the
alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) to suppress the transient
interference. The TFDS can adaptively separate interference and recover
pure spectrum with a low computational complexity. Experimental results
show that the TFDS has better interference suppression performance and
noise robustness than the existing methods.
Blue Light Aminolevulinic Acid Photodynamic Therapy Downregulates Cell Division and Proliferation Pathways in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jagdeo Jared , Austin Evan , Mineroff Jessica , Dana Isabella
Published: September 2023

5-Aminolevulinic (5-ALA) acid photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment
for actinic keratosis and has been studied as a treatment for
non-invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). PDT induces
apoptosis and necrosis in actinic keratosis and cSCC. 5-ALA blue light
PDT may modulate gene expression and pathways in surviving cells. In
this study, differential gene expression and pathway analysis of cSCC
and human dermal fibroblasts were compared before and after 5-ALA blue
light PDT using RNA-Sequencing. No genes were differentially expressed
after correcting for multiple testing (FDR <0.05). As a
result, transcription factor, gene enrichment, and pathway analysis were
performed with genes identified before multiple testing
(p<0.05). Pathways associated with proliferation and
carcinogenesis were downregulated. These findings using 5-ALA blue light
PDT are similar to previously published studies using
methyl-aminolevulinic and red light protocols, indicating that surviving
residual cells may undergo changes consistent with a less aggressive
cancerous phenotype.
Effect of ocean outfall discharge volume and dissolved inorganic nitrogen load on urban eutrophication outcomes in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Ho Minna
Published: September 2023

Climate change is increasing drought severity worldwide. Ocean discharges of municipal wastewater are a target for potable water recycling. However, because potable water recycling would reduce wastewater volume, but would not alter mass nitrogen loading, this practice has the potential to influence spatial patterns in coastal eutrophication. We apply a physical-biogeochemical numerical ocean model to understand the influence of nitrogen management and potable wastewater recycling on net primary productivity (NPP), pH, and oxygen. We model several theoretical management scenarios by combining dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) reductions from 50 to 85% and recycling from 0 to 90%, applied to 19 generalized wastewater outfalls in the Southern California Bight. Under no recycling, NPP, acidification, and oxygen loss decline with DIN reductions, which simulated habitat volume expansion for pelagic calcifiers and aerobic taxa. Recycling scenarios under intermediate DIN reduction show patchier areas of pH and oxygen loss with steeper vertical declines relative to a ”no recycling” scenario. These elevated values are diminished under 85% DIN reduction across all recycling levels, suggesting nitrogen management lowers eutrophication risk even with concentrated discharges. These findings represent a novel application of ocean numerical models to investigate the regional effects of outfall management on eutrophication. Additional work is needed to investigate more realistic outfall-specific water recycling and nutrient management scenarios and to contextualize the benefit of these management actions, given accelerating acidification and hypoxia from climate change.
Oil-based gastric lavage in acute Aluminum Phosphide (AlP) poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Santi Omar De
Published: September 2023

Background: The incidence of Aluminum Phosphide (AlP) poisoning
constituted one of the most common causes of poisoning death in low- and
middle-income countries (LMICs). Aims: to evaluate the data
available on the safety and efficacy of oil-based gastric lavage (GL)
compared with standard therapy for the treatment of AlP poisoning.
Design: were previously established (PROSPERO ID:
CRD42022296780); an exhaustive search was carried out in different
databases, identifying randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
Settings: health centers of any level. Participants:
Any person presented within 6 hours post-exposure to AlP. Interventions:
Lavage solution with oils, including liquid paraffin or coconut oil.
Findings: We identified 7 RCTs. The evidence from 4 RCTs
indicates that GL with paraffin oil is an effective treatment for acute
AlP poisoning, decreasing the mortality rate (RR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.48
to 0.81; participants = 226; I2=10%; low-quality evidence). We estimate
an NNT of 4. Likewise, this intervention reduces the need for intubation
and mechanical ventilation (RR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.40 to 0.79;
participants= 226; I2 = 0%; low-quality evidence). Regarding GL with
coconut oil, the evidence from 4 RCTs, indicates a slight reduction in
mortality in patients with acute AlP poisoning (RR= 0.82; 95%CI = 0.69
to 0.98; participants= 112; I 2= 0%; very low-quality evidence).
Conclusions: Limited evidence suggests that GL with paraffin oil is
effective in reducing the mortality rate in acute AlP poisoning.
Likewise, limited evidence showed in favor of paraffin oil concerning
the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation. This efficacy was
not confirmed in terms of length of hospital stay or the total amount of
vasoactive agents used. Very limited evidence suggests that GL with
coconut oil may have benefits in terms of mortality in patients with
acute AlP poisoning. Very limited evidence suggests that both
interventions would have a benign safety profile. Conclusions:
Limited evidence suggests that GL with paraffin oil is effective in
reducing the mortality rate in acute AlP poisoning. Likewise, limited
evidence showed in favor of paraffin oil concerning the need for
intubation and mechanical ventilation. This efficacy was not confirmed
in terms of length of hospital stay or the total amount of vasoactive
agents used. Very limited evidence suggests that GL with coconut oil may
have benefits in terms of mortality in patients with acute AlP
poisoning. Very limited evidence suggests that both interventions would
have a benign safety profile.
Developing a Neural Network for the Identification of EMIC Wave Events
Authors: Capman Nyssa S. S. , Simms Laura E. , Engebretson Mark J.
Published: September 2023

A supervised convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed to
automatically identify electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave events
from spectrograms. These events have usually been identified manually,
which can be a time-consuming process. Statistical analyses of larger
datasets would be facilitated if this process were simplified. The
neural network model was trained on spectrogram images from the Halley
magnetometer station that had been manually identified as either
containing or not containing an EMIC wave event anywhere in the
spectrogram. This model was tested on an unseen set of spectrograms,
achieving a perfect true positive rate of 1. Size, time, frequency, and
pixel color information was extracted from each identified event and
exported into a spreadsheet for easier analysis. This method has the
capability of reducing time and effort required to identify important
spectrogram features by hand. Such an automated method could be applied
to other space weather data stored in spectrograms.
Ocean coupling controls rupture velocity of fastest observed ice shelf rift propagation event
Authors: Olinger Stephanie Dara , Lipovsky Bradley P , Denolle Marine
Published: September 2023

The Antarctic ice sheet is buttressed by floating ice shelves that calve
icebergs along large fractures called rifts. We report the first-ever
seismic recording of a multiple-kilometer rift propagation event located
in Pine Island Glacier Ice Shelf. The rift grew 10.5 km at a speed of
34.8 m/s, the fastest known ice fracture at this scale. We simulate
ocean-coupled rift propagation and find that hydrodynamics control
rupture velocities. During rift propagation, ocean water flows into the
rift at a rate of at least 2300 m3/s and causes mixing in the subshelf
cavity. Our observations support the hypotheses that large ice shelf
rift propagation events are brittle, hydrodynamically limited, and
exhibit sensitive coupling with the surrounding ocean.
Magnetism of the Acapulco Primitive Achondrite and Implications for the Evolution of Partially Differentiated Bodies
Authors: Mansbach Elias N. , Weiss Benjamin P , Schnepf Neesha Regmi , Lima Eduardo Andrade , Borlina Caue , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Gattacceca J. , Uehara Minoru , Wang Huapei
Published: September 2023

Primitive achondrites like the acapulcoites-lodranites (AL) clan are
meteorites that formed on bodies in the process of forming a metallic
core, providing a unique window into how early solar system processes
transformed unmelted material into differentiated bodies. However, the
size and structure of the parent body of ALs and other primitive
achondrites are largely unknown. Paleomagnetism can establish the
presence or absence of a metallic core by looking for evidence of a
dynamo magnetic field. We conducted a magnetic study of the Acapulco
acapulcoite to determine its ferromagnetic minerals and their recording
properties. This is the first detailed rock magnetic and first
paleomagnetic study of a primitive achondrite group. We determined that
metal inclusions located inside silicate grains consist of two magnetic
minerals, kamacite and tetrataenite, which have robust recording
properties. However, the mechanisms and timing by which these minerals
acquired any natural remanent magnetization are unknown. Despite this,
Acapulco has not been substantially remagnetized since arriving on Earth
and therefore should retain a record dating to 4.55 billion years ago.
Future studies could characterize this record by using high resolution
magnetometry measurements of individual grains and developing an
understanding of how and when they became magnetized. Our discovery of
tetrataenite in ALs provides the first mineralogical evidence for slow
cooling (~5 x 103 °C Ma-1) of the AL parent body at low
temperatures (~320°C). Its presence means that the AL
parent body is unlikely to have been catastrophically disrupted at AL
peak temperatures (~1200°C) without subsequent
reaccretion.
Evaporation and water sourcing dominate lake and stream isotopic variability across time and space in a High Arctic periglacial landscape
Authors: Akers Pete D. , Kopec Ben G. , Klein Eric S. , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: September 2023

Rapidly changing climate is disrupting the High Arctic’s natural water
systems. This disruption demands high quality monitoring of Arctic
hydrology to better reconstruct past changes, track ongoing
transformations, and assess future environmental threats. Water isotopes
are valuable tracers of hydrological processes, but logistical
challenges limit the length and scope of isotopic monitoring in High
Arctic landscapes. Here, we present a comprehensive isotopic survey of
535 water samples taken in 2018–2019 of the lakes, streams, and other
surface waters of the periglacial Pituffik Peninsula in far northwest
Greenland. The δO,
δH, and deuterium-excess values of these
samples, representing 196 unique sites, grant us unprecedented insight
into the environmental drivers of the region’s hydrology and water
isotopic variability. We find that the spatial and temporal variability
of lake isotopes is dominated by evaporation and connectivity to summer
meltwater sources, while evaporation determines interannual isotopic
changes. Stream isotopic compositions vary in both space and time based
on the relative source balance of tundra snowpack meltwater versus
surface melt from the nearby Greenland Ice Sheet. Overall, our survey
highlights the diversity of isotopic composition and evolution in
Pituffik surface waters, and our complete isotopic and geospatial
database provides a strong foundation for future researchers to study
hydrological changes at Pituffik and across the Arctic. Water isotope
samples taken at individual times or sites in similar periglacial
landscapes likely have limited regional representativeness, and
increasing the spatiotemporal extent of isotopic sampling is critical to
producing accurate and informative High Arctic paleoclimate
reconstructions.
Simulation of Large Earthquake Synchronization and Implications On North Anatolian Fault Zone
Authors: Sopaci Eyüp , Ozacar Atilla Arda
Published: September 2023

The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) has a history of large quasi-periodic
large earthquake clusters. This study investigates the phenomenon with a
model consisting of three strong velocity-weakening (VW) asperities
separated by velocity-strengthening VS barriers in a 2.5D model governed
by rate-and-state friction. The results show that the after-slips at the
VS barrier control the stress interaction and synchronization; hence,
the barrier strength and size are the most important parameters. The
static stress transfer can lead to immature ruptures that arrest within
the VW asperity, adding complexity to failure times. The asperity size
appears insignificant, challenging previous theories linking barrier
efficiency to the asperity-barrier size ratios. Such discrepancy
suggests that slip type, e.g., slip-pulse or crack-growth, influences
the long-term failure time distribution. Even though the state evolution
(aging and slip laws) for frictional strength within the RSF framework
differ significantly in co-seismic ruptures, they resemble each other
for after-slip propagation, highlighting the importance of after-slip
propagation and adding robustness to our conclusions. The results from
various simulation scenarios suggest that the after-slip extents and
duration with the peak slip rates and rupture speeds are the indicators
for the synchronization and the predictability of large earthquakes.
Despite the simplicity of the governed model, the results can mimic the
synchrony of large earthquakes along the NAF, which are disrupted by
aseismic creep and complex fault geometries such as releasing bend
(e.g., Cinarcik segment), step-overs (e.g., Niksar) and slip
partitioning (Duzce-Bolu segments) acting as barriers.
A Combined effect of the Earth's magnetic dipole tilt and IMF By in controlling auroral electron precipitation
Authors: Laitinen Jussi Ananias , Holappa Lauri , Vanhamäki Heikki
Published: September 2023

Precipitation of auroral electrons is usually assumed to be symmetric
with respect to the sign of the dawn-dusk (By) component of the
interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). This is also the case in most
currently used precipitation models, which parameterize solar wind
driving by empirical coupling functions. However, recent studies have
showed that geomagnetic activity is significantly modulated by the signs
and amplitudes of IMF By and the Earth’s dipole tilt angle
$\Psi$. This so called explicit By dependence is not
yet included in any current precipitation models. In this paper, we
quantify this By dependence for auroral electron precipitation for the
first time. We use precipitation measurements of the Defense
Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor J instruments
from years 1995-2022. We show that the dawnside electron precipitation
at energies 13.9-30 keV is greater at auroral latitudes for opposite
signs of By and $\Psi$ in both hemispheres, while the
dusk sector is mostly unaffected by By and $\Psi$. For
energies below 6.5 keV the By dependence is strong poleward of the
auroral oval in the summer hemisphere, also exhibiting a strong
dawn-dusk asymmetry. We also show that By dependence of precipitation
modulates ionospheric conductance, which has important implications for
solar wind response of ionospheric currents.
Crustal heterogeneity of Antarctica signals spatially variable radiogenic heat production
Authors: Li Lu , Aitken Alan R.A.
Published: September 2023

Crustal structure controls geothermal heat flux which is a key basal
boundary conditions for ice-sheet flow in Antarctica. The crustal
thickness of Antarctica is well resolved at large-scale, but the
smaller-scale structures and density variations in the crust remain
poorly constrained. Using 3D gravity inversion constrained by seismic
Moho estimates, we model crustal structure in Antarctica, resolving
sedimentary basin thickness and density, crustal density and internal
layering, and the Moho. Spatial variations in upper crustal density are
mapped to radiogenic heat production using a petrophysically-defined
mapping approach. Significant variations are observed averaging 1.2 to
1.6 µW/m3, and as high as 2 µW/m3 in West Antarctica. The crustal
contribution to geothermal heat flow is similarly variable averaging 18
to 27 mW/m2 and could be up to 60 mW/m2. The mapped variations are
significant for correctly representing heat flow in Antarctica.
Characteristics and mechanism of lake water changes in the Tianshan region during 2002-2022
Authors: Wen Zhiqiang , Yi Shuang , Sun Wenke
Published: September 2023

The variations in the lake water storage in the Tianshan region are an
important indicator of climate change and play a key role in
understanding the hydrological mass balance. Based on altimetry and
satellite gravity, we investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of
the lake water storage changes during 2002–2022, and examined the
contributions and proportions of all of the hydrological components to
the mass balance. The results indicate that the total water storage of
the lake complex showed an increasing rate (0.73±0.10 Gt/a). We found
two abrupt wet periods in 2010 and 2016 (the regional total mass
increased by 65.73 Gt and 67.35 Gt, respectively), which were reflected
not only by the lake water storage but also by the soil moisture, snow
water, and even GNSS displacement fields. Compared with their
contributions to the mass (22% and 14%), the variations in lake area
were remarkably slight (0.01% and 0.014%). Among the hydrological
components, the soil moisture played a dominant role, and the
contribution of the snow accumulation changes was also considerable. The
mass anomalies were closely related to the precipitation caused by the
increase of water vapor content, which was further associated with the
occurrence of ENSO events (r=0.55, p<0.01). The results
revealed that the long-term trend of the GNSS vertical displacements
exhibited a better stability after the load correction was applied,
which could reflect the long-term ground deformation more accurately.
This study contributes to our understanding of the complex hydrological
and tectonic processes in the Tianshan region.
Validation of E-region Model Electron Density Profiles with AURIC utilizing High-Resolution Cross Sections
Authors: Sakib Md Nazmus , Soto Emmaris , Yiğit Erdal , Evans J Scott , Meier R R
Published: September 2023

E-region models have traditionally underestimated the ionospheric
electron density. We believe that this deficiency can be remedied by
using high-resolution photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections
in the models. Deep dips in the cross sections allow solar radiation to
penetrate deeper into the E-region producing additional ionization. To
validate our concept, we perform a study of model electron density
profiles (EDPs) calculated using the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance
Integrated Code (AURIC;
\citeA{strickland1999atmospheric}) in the E-region of
the terrestrial ionosphere. We compare AURIC model outputs using new
high-resolution photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections, and
solar spectral irradiances during low solar activity with incoherent
scatter radar (ISR) measurements from the Arecibo and Millstone Hills
observatories, COSMIC-1 observations, and outputs from empirical models
(IRI-2016 and FIRI-2018). AURIC results utilizing the new
high-resolution cross sections reveal a significant difference to model
outputs calculated with the low-resolution cross sections currently
used. Analysis of AURIC EDPs using the new high-resolution data indicate
fair agreement with ISR measurements obtained at various times at
Arecibo but very good agreement with Millstone Hills ISR observations
from $\sim96$ km to $140$ km. However, discrepancies
in the altitude of the E-region peak persist. High-resolution AURIC
calculations are in agreement with COSMIC-1 observations and IRI-2016
model outputs between $\sim105$ km and $140$ km while
FIRI-2018 outputs underestimate the EDP in this region. Overall, AURIC
modeling shows increased E-region electron densities when utilizing
high-resolution cross sections and high-resolution solar irradiances,
and are likely to be the key to resolving the long standing data-model
discrepancies.
Reducing Southern Ocean biases in the FOCI climate model
Authors: Kjellsson Joakim , Wahl Sebastian , Bischof Sabine , Kummer Lasse , Martin Torge , Kedzierski Robin Pilch , Zeller Mathias , Ödalen Malin , Park Wonsun
Published: September 2023

We explore the sensitivity of Southern Ocean surface and deep ocean
temperature and salinity biases in the FOCI coupled climate model to
atmosphere-ocean coupling time step and to lateral diffusion in the
ocean with the goal to reduce biases common to climate models. The
reference simulation suffers from a warm bias at the sea surface which
also extends down to the seafloor in the Southern Ocean and is
accompanied by a too fresh surface, in particular along the Antarctic
coast. Reducing the atmosphere-ocean coupling time step from 3 hours to
1 hour results in increased sea-ice production on the shelf and enhanced
melting to the north which reduces the fresh bias of the shelf water
while also strengthening the meridional density gradient favouring a
stronger Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). With the shorter coupling
step we also find a stronger meridional overturning circulation with
more upwelling and downwelling south and north of the ACC respectively,
as well as a reduced warm bias at almost all depths. Tuning the lateral
ocean mixing has only a small effect on the model biases, which
contradicts previous studies using a similar model configuration. We
note that the latitude of the surface westerly wind maximum has a
northward bias in the reference simulation and that this bias is
unchanged as the surface temperature and sea-ice biases are reduced in
the coupled simulations. Hence, the surface wind biases over the
Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes appear to be unrelated to biases in
sea-surface conditions.