bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Nasal Hyperreactivity Among Asthmatic Patients in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mpiana Sympho J. , Bosonkie Marc M. , Kabengele Bénoit O. , Mbunga Branly K. , Kayembe Jean-Marie N. , Nyembue Dieudonné T.
Published: September 2023

Nasal hyperreactivity (NHR) represents a new phenotype of rhinitis that is less known. Data about the frequency of NHR among people with asthma as well as the nature of the triggers are lacking in our setting. Therefore, we aimed to determine the frequency and factors associated with NHR among Congolese asthmatic patients. From February 2020 to April 2021, we carried out a cross-sectional study among asthmatic outpatients who attended the Otorhinolaryngology and Pneumology Departments of the University Hospital of Kinshasa. Sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, biological, and therapeutic variables were evaluated. Of 152 asthmatic outpatients, 53.3% had NHR (112 females). The average age was 45.8 ± 18.3 years, with predominance of people aged between 18 and 45 years. Allergic rhinitis (67.1%) was the most reported comorbidity. Nasal symptomatology was dominated by sneezing (79.6%), stuffy nose (78.9%) and runny nose (68.4%). Dyspnea (86.2%), cough (74.3%) and shortness of breath (74.3%) were the most frequent pulmonary symptoms. The number of nasal stimuli, a change in temperature (humidity) and physical exertion were the main factors associated with NHR in this study. NHR is frequent among asthmatic patients. Studies on the impact of NHR on the control of asthma and bronchial hyperreactivity are needed.
The PML1-WDR5 axis regulates H3K4me3 marks and promotes stemness of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Kao Hung-Ying , Pai Chun-Peng , Wang Han , Agarwal Neel , Adams Joshua , Liu Zhenghao , Seachrist Darcie , Keri Ruth , Schiemann William
Published: September 2023

The alternative splicing of PML precursor mRNA gives rise to various PML isoforms, yet their expression profile in breast cancer cells remains uncharted. We discovered that PML1 is the most abundant isoform in all breast cancer subtypes, and its expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. PML depletion reduces cell proliferation, invasion, and stemness, while heterologous PML1 expression augments these processes and fuels tumor growth and resistance to fulvestrant, an FDA-approved drug for ER + breast cancer, in a mouse model. Moreover, PML1, rather than the well-known tumor suppressor isoform PML4, rescues the proliferation of PML knockdown cells. ChIP-seq analysis reveals significant overlap between PML-, ER-, and Myc-bound promoters, suggesting their coordinated regulation of target gene expression, including genes involved in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), such as JAG1, KLF4, YAP1, SNAI1, and MYC. Loss of PML reduces BCSC-related gene expression, and exogenous PML1 expression elevates their expression. Consistently, PML1 restores the association of PML with these promoters in PML-depleted cells. We identified a novel association between PML1 and WDR5, a key component of H3K4 methyltransferase (HMTs) complexes that catalyze H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. ChIP-seq analyses showed that the loss of PML1 reduces H3K4me3 in numerous loci, including BCSC-associated gene promoters. Additionally, PML1, not PML4, re-establishes the H3K4me3 mark on these promoters in PML-depleted cells. Significantly, PML1 is essential for recruiting WDR5, MLL1, and MLL2 to these gene promoters. Inactivating WDR5 by knockdown or inhibitors phenocopies the effects of PML1 loss, reducing BCSC-related gene expression and tumorsphere formation and enhancing fulvestrant’s anticancer activity. Our findings challenge the conventional understanding of PML as a tumor suppressor, redefine its role as a promoter of tumor growth in breast cancer and offer new insights into the unique roles of PML isoforms in breast cancer.
The effect of the geometric influence of trichiral structures on mechanical properties
Authors: İnan Cevher Yusuf , Evis Zafer
Published: September 2023

Auxetic structures are used in many fields such as aerospace, protective equipment, and biomedical due to their extraordinary mechanical behavior. These structures, which are very difficult to manufacture since their lattice structure, can be produced precisely thanks to additive manufacturing. In this article, tri-chiral auxetic structures were designed, fabricated by additive manufacturing, mechanically tested, and a finite element modelling (FEM) was performed. The material model used in FEM was verified. Stress-strain curves were obtained by compression and tensile tests. Experimental and computational results were compared. The main focus of this study was to examine the effect of geometric dimensions of the tri-chiral structure on strength. Multiple regression analysis was applied to the experimental results and parameters that made a significant difference were determined. It was seen that while there is an inverse linear relationship between ligament length and strength, there is a parabolic relationship between thickness and strength. It was found that the tri-chiral structure generally has better against compressive load. In addition, a 4.5 times increase in tensile strength was observed with only the change in geometric dimensions. Thus, it was concluded that the geometrical dimensions significantly affect the mechanical properties of the structure.
Monitoring of phenology and irrigation response of artificial forests based on vegetation remote sensing
Authors: guan peng , Zhu chen Li , Lei Guannan , Zheng Yili
Published: September 2023

Background Although the study of the environmental factors on forest phenology has attracted the attention, and it proposes the influences of moisture and precipitation in the rainy season on the growth change of Populus tomentosa. Methods Here, the near-earth remote sensing devices are applied to monitor the canopy phenology of the planted forest Populus tomentosa B301 cultivated under the full drip irrigation (DIFI), controlled drip irrigation (DICI) and non-irrigation group (CK), calculate the relative green vegetation index, adopt the TIMESAT3.3 procedure to fit the time series curve of phenological index of Populus tomentosa B301, as well as extract the key period of phenological growth. Results Our results showed that: 1) The data of the relative green vegetation index and the forest growth rate of change are different. The tree species under non-irrigation will reach the growth peak at the day 138, 2 days later than the full drip irrigation and controlled drip irrigation; 2) The tree species in the DICI area wither and fall on the day 269, while that in the CK and DIFI area withers and falls on the day 270. The growth season of CK, DIFI and DICI areas ends on the day 307, 315 and 295, respectively. 3) Different irrigation conditions have different responses to forests, and the use of irrigation conditions changes the growth and development process of forests, resulting in significant phenological effects. Conclusions These findings Irrigation has a significant effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in forests and can improve water resource utilization efficiency, the stable ecological environment could promote the forest growth.
Oxidative-stress-responsive kinase 1 is the master regulator of proximal tubular sodium transport
Authors: Nakamura Motonobu , Seki George , Satoh Nobuhiko , Takagi Mayuko , Mizuno Tomohito , Tsukada Hiroyuki , Horita Shoko , Sato Yusuke , Kume Haruki , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: September 2023

The with-no-lysine kinase (WNK)/SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (Oxsr1) pathway plays a vital role in renal Na transport in distal nephrons as a master regulator of chloride co-transporters. We previously reported that PPARγ agonists, insulin, and angiotensinII stimulate Na transport in the proximal tubule (PT). Although we suggested the existence of a master regulator, its role remained unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigatewhether the WNK1/Oxsr1 pathway is the master regulator of PT Na transport using isolated human and rat PTs. WNK or SPAK/Oxsr1 inhibitors entirely suppressed the stimulatory effects of insulin or angiotensin II on PT Na reabsorption in freshly isolated human and rat PTs. Furthermore, the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibitor canagliflozin inhibited Oxsr1 phosphorylation, indicating that the SGLT2-regulated WNK1/Oxsr1 pathway integrally regulates Na transport stimulation in the PT. This indicates that Oxsr1 is the master regulator of PT Na reabsorption, and that SGLT2 regulates Oxsr1.
Evaluation the experiences of Iranian women of care during labor and physiological childbirth: Mixed Method Study
Authors: Khodarahmi Shiva , Hajian Sepideh , Zare Elham , Nasiri Malihe
Published: September 2023

Background: Childbirth is considered as a natural and physiological process that has an important effect on the health of mother and newborn. The objective of this study was to investigate the experiences of Iranian women of care during labor and physiological childbirth.
Methods: The present study was conducted by sequential-explanatory mixed method in Hamadan. The first stage was a cross-sectional study on 135 female who were included by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools were Childbirth Experience Questionnaire and Checklist of Assessment of Care during Labor and Physiological Childbirth. The second stage of the study, with the participation of 30 women, was conducted qualitatively 6 months after childbirth using in-depth individual interviews. The results were analyzed by conventional content analysis approach. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using software SPSS 24 and MAXQDA 10.
Results: The total mean score of childbirth experience was 71.98 ± 12.37 out of 100. For different dimensions of childbirth experience, support of care providers (3.47 ±0.54) and individual capacity (3.13 ±0.55) out of 4, had the highest and lowest mean scores of childbirth experience. The process of data analysis at the second stage of the study led to the emergence of 53 final codes, 21 sub-categories, 10 categories and 4 themes include: "different emotional emotions", "service satisfaction", "pleasant experience" and "pleasant experience inhibitors".
Conclusions: Care provided to women based on the principles of physiological childbirth by increasing the security and control, plays a key role in causing a pleasant experience of childbirth.
Incremental dose-response effect of age on mortality in non-seminoma testis cancer patients
Authors: Incesu Reha-Baris , Piccinelli Mattia Luca , Morra Simone , Scheipner Lukas , Tappero Stefano , Barletta Francesco , Garcia Cristina Cano , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Chun Felix K. H. , Briganti Alberto , Terrone Carlo , Ahyai Sascha , Longo Nicola , de Cobelli Ottavio , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I.
Published: September 2023

Background
Age ≥ 40 predisposes to higher testis cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in non-seminoma. However, it is unknown, whether an incremental dose-response effect applies to subgroups of testis cancer patients (tertiles aged ≥ 40). We tested this hypothesis in contemporary non-seminoma patients.
Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004 − 2018) was used. Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models tested the effect of age on CSM after stratification for stage (I vs. II vs. III).
Results
Of 13,679 non-seminoma patients, 11,034 (81%) were aged < 40 vs. 2,645 (19%) were aged ≥ 40. Of patients aged ≥ 40, 943 were aged 40–44 (young age tertile) vs. 855 were aged 45–52 (intermediate age tertile) vs. 847 were aged ≥ 53 (old age tertile). In overall multivariable analyses relative to patients aged < 40, young age tertile (HR 1.4, p < 0.01), intermediate age tertile (HR 1.9, p < 0.001) and old age tertile (HR 3.6, p < 0.001) were associated with higher CSM. In stage-specific multivariable analyses relative to patients aged < 40, old age tertile predicted higher CSM in stage I (HR 4.7, p < 0.001), stage II (HR 9.9, p < 0.001) and stage III (HR 3.0, p < 0.001). In stage III, intermediate age tertile (HR 1.9, p < 0.001) and young age tertile (HR 1.5, p = 0.007) also predicted higher CSM.
Conclusions
We identified a dose-response effect of increasing age in non-seminoma patients aged ≥ 40, in the overall analysis as well as in stage-specific analyses.
Plant variety selection using interaction classes derived from Factor Analytic Linear Mixed Models: models with information on genetic relatedness
Authors: Smith Alison Barbara , Hobson Kristy , Butler David , Cullis Brian Richard
Published: September 2023

Smith et al. (2021) introduced the interaction class (iClass) approach for multi-environment trials (METs) to address the problem of summarising variety performance across environments in the presence of variety by environment interaction. They developed the approach with respect to a factor analytic linear mixed model (FALMM) in which the genetic effects for different varieties were assumed independent. It is well known that the accuracy of variety selection is greatly enhanced by considering the genetic relatedness of varieties, either via ancestral or genomic information. In the current paper we therefore extend the iClass approach for FALMMs which incorporate such information. We illustrate the utility of the approach for selection of both parental and potential commercial varieties using an early stage breeding MET data-set from Chickpea Breeding Australia.
El Niño signals revealed by AMSU-A brightness temperature observations
Authors: Xia Xinlu , Zou Xiaolei , Zhang Wenjun
Published: September 2023

Reanalysis data are extensively employed in investigation of the tropical large-scale climate variability. In this study, we attempt to use the Advanced Microwave Sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) window channel brightness temperature (TB) observations to examine their relationship with the sea surface temperature (SST). A close relationship is found between the AMSU-A window channel TB and SST in the tropical oceans. A TB Niño Index (TNI) of AMSU-A window (sounding) channels is found to reach its maximum about 2 months ahead of Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) for half of El Niño cases from 1998 to 2020. The AMSU-A sounding channels TNI had minimum values about 1–3 months behind ONI peak month. Spatial correlation maps of AMSU-A window channel TB anomalies with TNI are similar to those of SST anomalies with ONI, featuring a horseshoe-shaped pattern in the tropical Pacific and a dipole-shaped pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean. The AMSU-A retrieved liquid water path (LWP) is also highly correlated with the ONI, with larger values in El Niño years. An active development of tropical convective disturbances and their movement associated with westerly wind bursts may be the reason for the peak TNI to occur 1–3 months earlier than the peak ONI. The potential for AMSU-A TB observations to reveal El Niño signals adds additional satellite data source for El Niño research.
Study on the Impact of Smart City Development on Carbon Emission Efficiency Enhancement in Resource-Based Cities Pursuing Carbon Neutrality Goal
Authors: Wang Chensheng , Han Yukai , Liu Jing
Published: September 2023

This study uses panel data from 114 resource-based cities (RBCs) in China spanning from 2004 to 2018. Employing the super-efficient slack based measure (SBM) model with unexpected outputs, we measure the carbon emission efficiency (CEE) of these cities. Further, the difference-in-differences (DID) model is employed to systematically analyze the effects and underlying mechanisms of smart city pilot policy (SCPP) on CEE in the context of carbon neutrality goals. The findings indicate: (1) There are notable regional disparities in CEE among China’s RBCs. Cities in the eastern region outperform those in the central and western regions. However, the CEE in the central and western cities has improved over time. (2) SCPP have significantly enhanced CEE in RBCs. (3) The efficacy of the SCPP on CEE in RBCs is moderated by advanced human capitalization, green innovation capacity, and the industrial structure advanced Level. (4) The impact of SCPP on the CEE of RBCs varies based on city location and city type.
Effects of the Geometric Characteristics of Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Physico-Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Almashaqbeh Hashem Khaled , Rushing Grace , Doyle Jesse , Sengottuvelu Dineshkumar , Majdoub Mohammed , Al-Ostaz Ahmed H , Alkhateb Hunain , Nouranian Sasan , Ucak-Astarlioglu Mine
Published: September 2023

While graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) have emerged as promising nano-modifiers of asphalt binder in recent years, much is still unknown in terms of the existing correlations between the physical, chemical, and geometric characteristics of this nanofiller and observed asphalt binder properties. In this work, we investigate the important correlation between the geometric characteristics of GnPs and the rheological properties of the GnP-modified asphalt binder at high temperatures. Our results indicate that, in general, incorporating GnPs with large mean particle diameters (> 14 µm) and thicknesses (> 8 nm) enhances the high-temperature performance of the asphalt binder. The results of the multiple stress creep and recovery tests confirm that including GnPs in asphalt binder can decrease its permanent deformation by 33.2% and enhance its elastic recovery by 53.9%. Phase images obtained by atomic force microscopy further indicate that the presence of GnPs with large mean particle diameters alters the morphology of the asphalt binder, leading to improved temperature stability and less susceptibility to permanent deformation.
Dynamic output feedback stabilization for a class of nonsmooth stochastic nonlinear systems perturbed by multiple time-varying delays
Authors: Jia Jinping , Dai Hao , Zhang Fandi , Huang Jianwen
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the output feedback stabilization problem is investigated for a class of low-order stochastic nonlinear time-delay systems with the lower-triangular form, where the powers of chained integrators are arbitrary real numbers between 0 and 1, and the multiple time-vary delays act on each system state. Because of the existence of low-order nonlinear terms, the system is not feedback linearizable and differentiable. Nevertheless, we show that an output feedback controller can be systematically designed to ensure the global strong asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system based on an extended stochastic stability theory. In the controller design, the negative effect of the multiple time-varying delays is counteracted by skillfully constructing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, and the observer gains are determined by developing a recursive selection procedure. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Fiber-Type Electrodes for Improved Actuation of Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
Authors: Chortos Alex , Firoozan Mohammadreza , Baghani Mostafa
Published: September 2023

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) exhibit fast actuation and high efficiencies, enabling applications in optics, wearable haptics, and insect-scale robotics. However, the non-uniformity and high sheet resistance of traditional soft electrodes based on nanomaterials limit the performance and operating frequency of the devices. In this work, we computationally investigate electrodes composed of arrays of stiff fiber electrodes. Aligning the fibers along one direction creates an electrode layer that exhibits zero stiffness in one direction and is predicted to possess high and uniform sheet resistance. A comprehensive parameter study of the fiber density and dielectric thickness reveals that the fiber density primary determines the electric field localization while the dielectric thickness primarily determines the unit cell stiffness. These trends identify an optimal condition for the actuation performance of the aligned electrode DEAs. This work demonstrates that deterministically designed electrodes composed of stiff materials could provide a new paradigm with the potential to surpass the performance of traditional soft planar electrodes.
Family and Job Microsystems as Mediators between Social Integration and Depression among Rural-to-urban Migrant Workers in China: Does Having Sons Make a Difference?
Authors: Shen Guanghui , Tang Jiayi , Fang Juan , Huang Jiahui , Zheng Yawen , Wu Liujun , Yang Xudong , Chen Yu-Hsin , Chen Li
Published: September 2023

Background
Rural-to-urban migrant workers are a vulnerable group at risk of developing depression. Based on the social-ecological systems theory, this study investigates the impact of the lack of social integration on depression, considering the mediating roles of migrant workers' microsystems (family happiness and job burnout). Additionally, the study explores whether having sons influences these associations.
Methods
The sample of 4618 rural-to-urban migrant workers was obtained from the 2018 wave of the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS). All the measures in the survey exhibited good reliability, including the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression Scale (CES-D), family happiness, job burnout, and social integration. The data were primarily analyzed using a structural equation model.
Results
Social integration had a direct impact on depression among migrant workers. Additionally, it indirectly affected depression through the mediating roles of family happiness not job burnout. The moderating effect of having sons mainly occurred on the path from social integration to family happiness.
Limitations:
The cross-sectional design impeded the ability to draw causal inferences.
Conclusions
This finding highlights the potential benefits of social integration and family happiness in promoting early prevention of depression among migrant workers. It indicates that the inclination towards having sons among migrant workers continues to impact their mental health.
Performance of P16 INK4a immunocytochemical stain in facilitating cytology interpretation of HSIL for women aged 50 and above
Authors: Hou Jun , Du Hui , Wang Chun , Song Fangbin , Qu Xinfeng , Wu Ruifang
Published: September 2023

Background
Few articles have focused on cytological misinterpretation of the high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) in older women. Due to estrogen deficiency, cervical epithelial cells in postmenopausal women tend to show atrophic change that looks like HISL, resulting in a higher rate of cytological misinterpretation. P16INK4a immunocytochemical staining (P16-cytology) can effectively differentiate diseased cells from normal atrophic ones with less dependence on cell morphology.
Objective
To evaluate the performance of P16-cytology in differential analysis of cytology high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and benign atrophy in women aged 50 years and above.
Methods
Included in this analysis were the women who were positive of hr-HPV in a cervical cancer screening project in central China and returned back for triage, with complete data of primary hr-HPV test, Liquid-based cytology, P16 immuno-stained cytology, and ptholosgy diagnosis. Included patients were divided into ≥ 50 (1,127 cases) and < 50 years (1,430 cases) of age groups. The accuracy of LBC in the diagnosis of ≥ HSIL was compared between the two groups, and detailed analysis was conducted to demonstrate how many cases with cytology ≥ HISL and pathology ≤ LSIL were P16 negative.
Results
The accuracy rate of LBC for detection of pathology ≥ HSIL was 86.9% (93/107) in age group of ≥ 50, significantly lower than that of 95.5% (105/110) in age group of < 50 years (P = 0.026). P16 immunocytochemical stains on cases with cytology ≥ HISL and pathology ≤ LSIL were all negative in both groups.
Conclusion
The misinterpretation of LBC- ≥HSIL was rated higher in older women. P16 immunocytochemical stain works well in differentiating atrophic changes from LBC- ≥HSIL.
Piperine-Loaded Zein Electrospun Nanofibers: Development, Characterization and Antibacterial Application
Authors: Daneshmand Sara , Shahraki Omolbanin , Hosseynipour Homa , Roshan Faezeh , Miri Mohammad Amin
Published: September 2023

A biofilm is a structured community of bacteria living within a self-generated polymer matrix composing polysaccharide, lipid, protein and DNA. Bacterial biofilms trigger chronic infections such as those affiliated to implanted medical devices. This chronicity is a consequence of increased tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics and bactericidal chemicals along with resistance to phagocytosis and other factors of the body's defense system. One of the therapeutic approaches to overcome the antibiotic resistance of biofilms, is to employ new drug delivery systems. Meanwhile, investigations on nanofibers with appropriate formulation, due to their unique characteristics is being conducting remarkably. Piperine as a natural substance, its antibacterial effects have been confirmed in several studies. Therefore, in the current study, the antibacterial potential of nanofibers made of zein polymer enriched with piperine on staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm was evaluated. The enhancement of the amount of piperine in the nanofibers led to the increase of the inhibition concentration as well as the bactericidal concentration. According to the results of microbial tests, nanofibers containing piperine had a greater effect on the biofilm of staphylococcus epidermidis compared to the free piperine formulation and nanofibers without piperine. Excellent antibacterial efficacy was assigned to the sample with 10% piperine.
Combined Transcriptomics and Proteomics Analysis to Reveal the Mechanism underlying the Degradation of TSNAs by Bacillus pumilus 05–5402
Authors: Zou Ling , Lu Huarong , Lei Yang , Li Baole , Zhu Zaixing , Duan Jiyou , Yang Maosong , Zhang Qi , Hu Binbin
Published: September 2023

Tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) present in tobacco and tobacco products cause serious diseases and, therefore, effective measures to reduce the levels of TSNAs in tobacco are necessary for tobacco harm reduction. Various bacteria have demonstrated the ability to degrade TSNAs, although their degradation efficiency is often affected by fermentation conditions. Therefore, optimizing the fermentation process is essential to improve the efficiency of the microbial degradation of TSNAs. However, the mechanisms involved in the microbial degradation of TSNAs remain unknown to date. In this context, the present study involved utilizing a combined transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to reveal the mechanism underlying the degradation of TSNAs by Bacillus pumilus strain 05–5402. The TSNAs in flue-cured tobacco were degraded, and the fermentation process was optimized to determine the best conditions for the functioning of strain 05–5402. A TSNA degradation rate of 31.99% was reached at 28°C and a water content of 100%. The combined transcriptomics and proteomics analysis revealed the involvement of diverse mechanisms in the degradation of TSNAs by strain 05–5402, among which amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and metabolism of multiple amino acids were the most prominent ones. These findings would serve as a reference for the degradation of TSNAs using Bacillus fermentation at the industrial scale.
Study on The Low-Temperature Active Alkaline Serine Protease Production Capacity and Detergent Application Potential of Novel Exiguobacterium indicum 1.2.3
Authors: KATI AHMET
Published: September 2023

Microorganisms have long captivated researchers for their potential to produce enzymes with diverse industrial applications. Efficient production of proteases from new strains is crucial as these enzymes play a vital role in breaking down protein bonds, enabling their use in industrial applications. Therefore, a novel Exiguobacterium indicum 1.2.3 was isolated (Istanbul, Turkiye) and characterized in this study. This strain produced alkaline serine protease, which works in lower temperatures (20-40°C) with casein as a specific substrate. The protease was completely stable for 3 hours at 30 °C. The enzyme was also highly stable in the pH range 811. The optimum activity was obtained at pH 10. The crude enzyme activity was enhanced by various metal ions and retained 147%, 125%, 124%, and 117% of its activity within 1 mM Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, and Mg2+, respectively. The crude enzyme was inactive with PMSF, indicating a serine residue on the active side. The enzyme exhibited a great proteolytic effect in the presence of surfactants and oxidizing agents. The addition of Tween 80, Triton X-100, and sodium perborate improved enzymatic activity up to 135%, 109%, and 105%, respectively. According to the washing results, the crude enzyme effectively removed the blood on different types of standard pre-stained textiles at 30 °C. In conclusion, Exiguobacterium indicum 1.2.3 is a promising candidate for protease production, with its diverse applications spanning various industrial sectors, particularly detergents.
Relationship between inflammatory markers and their interactions and insulin resistance: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES database from 2011-2016
Authors: Luo Danqi , Yang Yang , Li Jiahua , Jiang Hua , Zhao Mingyi
Published: September 2023

Objective:
To explore the relationship between inflammatory markers and their interactions and insulin resistance (IR).
Background:
Patients with chronic inflammatory disorders, which are defined by an imbalanced secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, frequently have insulin resistance; however, the association between IR and inflammatory markers remains unclear.
Methods:
We analyzed 6,742 participants (from 2011 to 2016) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database who had diabetes, no diabetes, or a borderline status. The receiver operating characteristic curve method was used to analyze the optimal cutoff value of inflammation indicators to predict IR, with adjustments for gender, age, race, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking history , and exercise status. The interaction between inflammatory markers and IR was then assessed.
Results:
When the confounding factors were not adjusted, compared to those with NLR ≤3.237 (odds ratio [OR]=1.266, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.150–1.393), individuals with a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of >3.237 had a greater risk of IR. The participants with a monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR) of >0.262 had a decreased chance of developing IR than those with MLR ≤0.262 (OR=0.851, 95%CI=0.771–0.939). Individuals with an eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR) of >0.078 were more likely to have IR than those with ELR < 0.078 (OR=1.209, 95%CI=1.095–1.334). Individuals with a platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of >122.649 had a lower risk of IR than those with PLR ≤122.649 (OR=0.726, 95%CI=0.658–0.802). Participants with a systemic inflammation index (SII) of >0.262 had a higher risk of developing IR than those with SII ≤0.262 (OR=1.334, 95%CI=1.209–1.472). After controlling for the confounding variables, no significant association between NLR, MLR, ELR and IR was observed. Individuals with PLR ≥122.649 had a lower risk of IR than those with PLR ≤122.649 (OR=0.758, 95%CI =0.673–0.854). In addition, participants with SII ≥0.262 were more likely to have IR compared to those with an adjusted SII of ≤0.262 (OR=1.155, 95%CI =1.026–1.300). Furthermore, our study indicated that the combination of PLR ≥122.649 and ELR ≥0.078 had an effect on IR (OR=0.876, 95%CI=0.767–1.000) and that the combination of PLR ≥122.649 and SII >724.560 had a synergistic effect on IR (OR=0.872, 95%CI=0.773–0.985). The interaction effect of MLR ≥0.262 and PLR ≥122.649 on IR was revealed (OR=0.766, 95%CI=0.674–0.872).
Conclusion:
Insulin resistance is associated with decreased PLR and increased SII.
Erythropoietin treatment in premature newborns reduces the odds of intraventricular hemorrhage by 97%
Authors: Soliz Jorge , Fernández Diana Andrea Arias , Diaz Héctor Alfonso Romero , Garnica Alan David Figueroa , Sanchez Lida , Arias-Reyes Christian , Schneider-Gasser Edith
Published: September 2023

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is the most frequent neurological complication in preterm infants, affecting 20-30% of infants born before 32 weeks of gestational age and/or weighing less than 1,500 grams. IVH can lead to long-term neurological sequelae, including cerebral palsy, seizures, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, and cognitive deficits. Therefore, mitigating the risk of IVH in neonates is a clinical priority. In this study, we have evaluated whether the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), known for its impact on neuroprotection and stimulation of brain maturation, can be used in IVH prevention in premature infants (<33 gestational weeks). So far, EPO's efficacy in treating preterm infants with IVH remains controversial. While repeated low doses of EPO showed a reduction in the incidence of adverse outcomes, high EPO doses showed no appreciable difference in the frequency of brain injury. In light of these divergent outcomes, in this pilot study, we tested whether low doses of EPO (400 IU/kg), administered intravenously three times per week until reaching 33 weeks of gestationally corrected age, can prevent IVH. Our results show that EPO reduces the odds of IVH among premature babies by 97%; however, it fails to reverse the condition once the injury has developed. These results have crucial clinical importance in preventing IVH in preterm infants.
Cybercrime and Cyber Security in Nigeria: Overview and Rate
Authors: Auwal Aminu Muhammad
Published: September 2023

The prevalence of cybercrimes in Nigeria has exhibited a consistent upward trajectory in recent years. This paper aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the rate of cybercrime and cybersecurity incidents in Nigeria over a specified period. The study utilizes data sourced from the Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) as well as a distributed survey administered to a diverse cohort of students, staff, and workers. Employing basic statistical analysis and nearest neighbour analysis, the study's findings reveal a significant surge in cybercrime rates in recent times, particularly within sectors encompassing social, financial, and educational domains, among others. Furthermore, there are indications that cybercrimes may continue to escalate exponentially in the future, unless substantial countermeasures are implemented. Despite the commendable efforts of smaller stakeholders and institutions to combat such malfeasance, a substantial coordinated response is imperative. This research underscores the persistent increase of cybercrime over time, largely attributed to inadequate action from government bodies, stakeholders, and regulatory agencies. Consequently, it is recommended that law enforcement agencies and regulatory entities intensify their efforts to monitor and address these criminal activities. Ultimately, proactive initiatives should be directed towards safeguarding the most vulnerable demographic groups against cybercrime victimization.
Applications of the Cayley graph of a monoid presentation in characterizations for right type B semigroups
Authors: Li Chunhua , Huang Huawei
Published: September 2023

Motivated by the rich results on Cayley graphs of semigroups, in this paper we investigate the Cayley graph of a monoid presentation, and get a method which makes it possible to construct a certain type of a monoid (which we call graph expansions) by the Cayley graph of a monoid presentation. After obtaining some basic properties of Cayley graphs of a monoid presentation, we give a new characterization of a right type B semigroup by using a Cayley graph of a monoid presentation of a left cancellative monoid. It is proved that an arbitrary graph expansion for a left cancellative monoid is a proper (F) right type B monoid.
AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 05C25; 20M10
Endosomal Recycling Inhibitors Downregulate the Androgen Receptor and Synergise with Enzalutamide
Authors: Fletcher Kelsey , Alkurashi Mai H. , Lindsay Andrew J.
Published: September 2023

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosed in men, and accounts for one-fifth of cancer associated deaths worldwide. Despite the availability of effective prostate cancer therapies, if it is not cured by radical local treatment, progression to drug resistant metastatic prostate cancer is inevitable. Therefore, new drugs and treatment regimens are urgently required to overcome resistance. We have recently published research demonstrating that targeting the endosomal recycling pathway, a membrane transport pathway that recycles internalised cell surface proteins back to the plasma membrane, may be a novel means to downregulate clinically relevant cell surface proteins and potentially overcome drug resistance. A reverse phase protein array (RPPA) assay of breast cancer cells treated with an endosomal recycling inhibitor identified the androgen receptor (AR) as one of the top downregulated proteins. We confirmed that endosomal recycling inhibitors also downregulated AR in prostate cancer cells and show that this occurs at the transcriptional level. We also found that endosomal recycling inhibitors synergise with enzalutamide, a standard-of-care therapy for prostate cancer. Our data suggest that combining recycling inhibitors with hormone receptor antagonists may enhance their efficacy and reduce the emergence of drug resistance.
Hot workability behaviour of two P92 creep resistant steels: Constitutive analysis
Authors: Obiko Japheth , Whitefield David , Bodunrin Michael
Published: September 2023

This article reports the flow stress behaviour of two P92 steels at a temperature range of 850–1000°C and a strain rate of 0.1–10 s-1 using the Gleeble® 3500 thermomechanical simulator. A physically-based constitutive model was used to analyse the effects of deformation conditions on the flow stress behaviour during deformation. This model incorporates the influence in the variation of Young’s modulus and the self-diffusion coefficient as affected by temperature. The study developed constitutive equations that predict the flow stress behaviour of the two steels investigated. From the constitutive analysis of the results, the stress exponent n was: 9.8 (steel A) and 10.3 (steel B). The model used the self-diffusion activation energy of steel. The statistical parameters: correlation coefficient of 0.99 (for steel A and B), the absolute average relative error of 2.19% (steel A) and 2.20% (steel B) quantified the applicability of the model. The quantification results show that the constitutive equations developed have high accuracy in predicting the workability of the two P92 steels. The study has shown that this method is applicable in predicting the metal flow pattern of two P92 steels in the metalworking processes.
Selection guidance of electrical actuation with different gearheads for power-off load latching
Authors: Redekar Abhijeet , Deb Dipankar
Published: September 2023

The actuator serves as a motion converter, helps transform the speed and direction of motion, and is a motion controller for precise positioning. The actuator facilitates automated movement and is pivotal in determining the machine's performance. Engineers must consider three factors when choosing an actuator: the motor capacity, the reduction ratio of the gearbox, and an encoder. Electro-mechanical actuators fulfill various functions, including precise component positioning, maintaining desired positions, providing ample force or torque for securing closure mechanisms, and enabling controlled acceleration and deceleration at specified speeds. While on power, they excel at holding the desired position, but under off-power conditions, they also securely hold the load in place with less energy consumption. The main objective is to choose an ideal motor and gearhead combination for effectively holding the load when the power is off. This selection process considers crucial factors like output torque, speed, peak power, mass, and size. The research involves a comparative analysis between power-on load holding and power-off load holding in terms of consumed power, control circuitry, stability, and cost. Analytical calculations for finding the optimal motor torque and gearhead (gearbox) are conducted, and a Simscape Multibody simulation of a pendulum system is performed for validation purposes. This study helps select a suitable motor gearhead combination for power-off load holding by comparing the calculated values with simulation results. The method presented here is universally applicable to different types of loads, providing a valuable tool for selecting the most appropriate motor gearhead combination.
Antenatal depression among pregnant mothers in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sarem Shararah , Neyazi Ahmad , Mohammadi Abdul Qadim , Neyazi Mehrab , Ahamdi Mozhgan , Razaqi Nosaibah , Wali Sadaf , Timilsina Shashank , Faizi Hamida , Griffiths Mark D.
Published: September 2023

Background
Approximately one in five pregnant women experience antenatal depression globally. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of antenatal depression and explore its relationship between various demographic variables, recent sexual engagement, and recent adverse life events among pregnant Afghan women.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey study was carried out between January, 2023 and April 2023 among 406 women aged 15–45 years who were recruited randomly from Herat province (Afghanistan). Logistic regression models were utilized to explore the relationship between antenatal depression and socio-demographic characteristics among the participants.
Results
The prevalence of antenatal depression symptoms was 78.5%. Multiple regression analysis indicated that antenatal depression was significantly associated with (i) being aged 30–45 years AOR: 4.216, p = .001), (ii) being of low economic status (AOR:2.102, p = .036), (iii) not being employed (AOR: 2.445, p = .015), (iv) not having had sex during the past seven days (AOR: 2.335, p = .001), and (v) having experienced a traumatic event during the past month (AOR:0.263, p < .001).
Conclusion
The present study provides insight into the factors associated with the high prevalence of antenatal depression among pregnant Afghan women (e.g., demographic variables, recent adverse life events, and recent sexual engagement). It highlights the urgency of addressing antenatal depression in Afghanistan and provides a foundation for future research and interventions aimed at improving the mental health and well-being of pregnant women in the Afghan context.
Groundwater Potential Mapping of Asa - Oyun Catchment Areas Over Crystalline Basement of Southwest Nigeria Using Integrated Approach of Remote Sensing and Analytical Hierarchical Analysis
Authors: Mustapha Adedamola Habib , Kolawole Lateef Lanre , Afolabi Adegoke Olukayode
Published: September 2023

Groundwater exploration in crystalline terrains depends on structural information among other factors like geology, rainfall, drainage, soil type, elevation and/or landuse classification. The spatial distribution of groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in Asa and Oyun catchment areas, Kwara state, northcentral Nigeria was assessed using six thematic layers derived from satellite data and ancillary data. Landsat 8 OLI (2015), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and aeromagnetic data were used to extract lineaments. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data was used to generate spatially distributed rainfall using inverse distance weighted interpolation method. Slope and drainage were extracted from DEM. The natural colour composite of Landsat 8 was classified into 4 classes: Bareland, Vegetation, Waterbody, and settlement. The groundwater potential map of the study area was produced using a geographic information system (GIS) based Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) model of Lineament density, drainage density, rainfall data, slope, and landuse information. The resulting groundwater potential map was validated using ROC analysis of available groundwater yield data (l/s) from boreholes in the study area. AHP with consistency ratio (CR) of 0.077, making weightage viable for groundwater potential mapping, identified five (5) groundwater potential zones (GWPZs). The majority of very low and low GWPZs fell in the Asa catchment area, while majority of the moderate, high, and very high GWPZs fell in the Oyun catchment area. Validation revealed that low, moderate, high and very high GWPZs had yields of 0.3-1.5l/s, 0.35-1.8l/s, 3.00-3.60l/s, and > 3.60l/s, respectively. The AUC coefficient of 0.777 (77.7%) confirmed the efficacy of the adopted methodology.
Research trends of Melia in tropical plantation forestry
Authors: S Suresh Ramanan , A Arunachalam , Sahoo U. K. , Upadhyaya Kalidas
Published: September 2023

The genus Melia is known for its secondary metabolite utility but there are vast differences among its species. One species of this genus, Melia azedarach is reported to be invasive and while another species, M. dubia, has diverse utility with complex germination and regeneration characteristics. Researchers are working on the different aspects of this genus, with an increasing number of scientific publications. We attempted to understand facets of the scientific literature on this genus using the topic modelling and science mapping approach. The literature corpus of the Web of Science database was explored using a single keyword – “Melia” which yielded 1523 publications (1946–2022) and after scrutiny 1263 publications were used in the study. Although nine species were mentioned in the publications, only three species are accepted: M. dubia, M. azedarach, and M. volkensii. This implies taxonomic uncertainty, with potential confusion in assigning scientific findings to particular species. This needs to be sorted out for a better assessment of the economic utility of the genus in many countries. More importantly, our results indicate that the research interests have shifted from the secondary metabolite constituents towards growth, biomass, wood properties, germination, plantation, and green synthesis. The shift in research focus toward wood properties of Melia sp. can impact the wood demand-supply at a global scale owing to its fast growth and the possibility of cultivation over a wider geographical range.
Modelling the temporal trajectories of human milk components
Authors: Baranyi József , Pacza Tünde Vámosiné , Martins Mayara , Thakkar Sagar K. , Samuel Tinu M.
Published: September 2023

This paper demonstrates how Human Milk (HM) research can be transformed from descriptive to predictive science, by applying mathematical modelling techniques to available data. The temporal trajectories of selected human milk components (HMC) were described, in the first four months postpartum, by a temporal model consisting of two phases: a short linear phase in the colostrum, triggered by the parturition; and a longer second phase, where the concentration of the component converges to a steady state. The model was fitted to data available in a recently published database of temporal HMC trajectories. Its structure proved to be suitable to describe those trajectories both at individual molecule (such as specific fatty acid, oligosaccharide, and mineral molecules) and molecule-group (such as total protein, total fat) levels. The properties of the trajectories suggest that experimental designs should follow non-linear sampling times, with shorter time intervals in the first two weeks postpartum. A selected parameter, the final stationary level, of the primary model was then studied as a function of various factors of the mother-infant-milk triad. We found that the total variation of the concentration of specific HMC is dominated by the inherent biological differences between individual mothers even in a homogeneous cohort.