bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Stochastic Search Approach for Tool Requirement Planning
Authors: Rao D. Ganeshwar , Patvardhan C. , Singh Ranjit
Published: June 2015

In an automated manufacturing unit, tool requirement planning is the primary function of tool management. The issues such as tool procurement, tool life inventory, use of alternative tools etc. can be addressed at a level below aggregate planning and above operational implementation. At this level, it is very essential to choose the optimum set of tools out of the alternative tools available for performing operations on various parts in a production period for minimum cost. In the present work, a model has been developed to consider the above mentioned factors and provide the optimum set of tools, out of the alternative tools available, for performing operations on a batch of parts. The performance of the three stochastic search techniques has been studied. It has been observed that the modified simulated annealing techniques are powerful techniques to provide the results in a very less number of evaluations.
Experimental Evaluation of Constants for the Rohsenow Pool Boiling Correlation for Khoa
Authors: Kumar Mahesh , Kasana K. S. , Kumar Sudhir , Prakash Om
Published: June 2015

The present study is carried out to determine the fluid-surface constant for Rohsenow pool boiling correlation during khoa making in an aluminum and stainless steel pots. The experimental data collected were analyzed and correlation similar to Rohsenow pool boiling was developed for khoa. The average values of constant 'Csf' for Rohsenow correlation for aluminum and stainless steel surfaces were found to be 7.8815 x 10-3 and 9.4772 x 10-3respectively.
FACTS Devices for Reactive Power Compensation of Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Tiwari Amit
Published: June 2015

Voltage control and reactive power compensation in a distribution network with embedded wind energy conversion system (WECS) represent main concern of this paper. The WECS is of a fixed speed/constant frequency type that is equipped with an induction generator driven by an unregulated wind turbine. The problem is viewed from time domain responses of the system to different wind speed changes. Being disturbed by a variable wind speed, the WECS injects variable active and reactive power into the distribution network exposing nearby consumers to excessive voltage changes. In the FACTS-based solution approach, the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is used at the point of the WECS network connection to solve technical issues related to voltage support and series reactive power flow control.
A Study on Anasysis and Fabrication of an Ice Plant Model
Authors: Yadav JP , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: June 2015

Refrigeration may be defined as the process of achieving and maintaining a temperature below that of the surroundings, the aim being to freeze ice, cool some product, or space to the required temperature. The basis of modern refrigeration is the ability of liquids to absorb enormous quantities of heat as they boil and evaporate. One of the important applications of refrigeration is in ice plant. Ice plant is used for producing refrigeration effect to freeze potable water in standard cans placed in rectangular tank which is filled by brine. Our project based on simple refrigeration system which uses the vapour compression cycle. The vapour compression cycle comprises four process compression, condensing, and expansion and evaporation process. Our ice plant model contains various parts such as- Compressor, condenser, filter drier, Expansion valve, Evaporator coil, chilling tank and various measuring equipments like digital temperature indicator, pressure gauges, energy meter etc. The conventional ice plant has been studied and a prototype model of an ice plant has been fabricated with above said accessories. The model is analyzed for its cooling capacity assumed per unit mass flow rate of refrigerant. Its COP is also calculated. The model is compared for its coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling capacity by using R-134 a refrigerant with a theoretical COP and cooling capacity obtained using refrigerant R-22. The variations found in COP and cooling capacity are 0.12 and 0.042 TR respectively for unit mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
Study on Comparison of Boiler Efficiency Using Husk and Coal as Fuel in Rice Mill
Authors: Yadav JP , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: June 2015

When the large quantity of rice is needed, there is need of installation of the conventional rice mill. From this mill, the rice produced is of good quality and high grade of rice is obtained. In earlier time bran goes together with the husk, now bran is separated from the husk, and the rice is sold at good price. At small scale when coal is used in rice mill plant the operating cost increases thus profit is decreased. More pollution is created due to the use of coal and the husk remains as waste. If husk is utilized in place of coal as fuel, then it is determined that operating cost becomes less and economical profit comes more than the coal for rice production. If the conventional and auto-rice-mill is compared, it is observed that in conventional rice mill operating cost of using husk and coal is less than auto rice mill. But capacity and economical profit comes more in auto rice mill. Through comparative study it is found that the efficiency of using both husk and coal comes out to be the same, but their comparison varies when discussed about economic and expenditure of plant. It is seen that the price / day of using husk is more than that of coal which implies that husk used as fuel is more beneficial than using coal as fuel. When both the fuels are compared i.e. husk and coal then, it is concluded that husk as fuel is used free of cost but coal much maintenance requires which leads it to have more cost in comparison to husk and also pollution created by coal is more than that of husk, which makes husk more reliable than the coal.
Vibrational Dynamics of 2-[3-(p-flourobenzoyl) Propyl]- 1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12, a-octahydropyrazino[2’,1’:6,1] Pyrido [3,4-b] Indole [centbutindole]: A Potent Nuroleptic Drug
Authors: Singh D. B. , . Abadur-Rahman , Shukla V. N. , Kumar Vikash , Gupta Pragya
Published: June 2015

FITR spectra and normal mode analysis of compound 2-[3-(p-flourobenzoyl)propyl]-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12, a-octahydropyrazino[2’,1’:6,1] pyrido [3,4-b] indole [centbutindole], which is a potent nuroleptic drug and belong to a series of 2-substituted pyrazino-pyrido indoles. It also blind with 5HT2 receptors. It has shown good antihypotensive activity. The well known Wilson’s G-F matrix method with Urey-Bradely force field has been used to evaluate the normal mode frequencies of vibration. Good agreement has been obtain between them and a set of 29 force field constants is established. The vibrational dynamics of the title compound is being reported using Urey Bradley force field. It has shown acute toxicity, gross behavior and central effects like anti convulsant activity, anti reserpine activity and stereo specificity of action. The conformation of the title compound was determined by X-ray diffraction. It is planned to determine the conformation in such cases by the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FITR) spectroscopy and normal mode analysis. As a first step in this direction the FITR spectrum of the title compound has been recorded and its normal mode analysis is carried out. The assignments of the frequencies are based on the theoretically calculated frequencies have also been given their best assignment.
Generator and Power Converter Topology For Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Shukla Shivangee , Maurya Pooja
Published: June 2015

This paper presents an overview of wind generators and power converter used in wind energy conversion systems. Renewable energies, and in particular wind energy, are taking a more and more relevant part in the generation of electric power. The incorporation of a variable speed function into a wind turbine has a variety of benefits, including: improved power yield during low wind speed conditions, reduced mechanical loading on drive train components, reduced audible noise, reduction in tower passing effects. A power electronic converter enables efficient conversion of the variable frequency output of a wind generator, driven by a variable speed wind turbine, to a fixed frequency appropriate for the grid or a load. Multilevel converters show interesting advantages in this field, such as high efficiency, low harmonic distortion and lower switching losses which is particularly useful for renewable energies, where converters usually work at these low power levels. The equal voltage cascaded multilevel converter configuration has the advantage of its modularity over the configuration of any other multilevel converter. Finally, it presents a convert topology from the simplest converters for starting up the turbine to advanced power converter topologies, where the whole power is flowing through the converter.
Power Enhancement of Gas Turbi ne Plant by Intake Air Fog Cooling
Authors: Yadav J P , Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Onkar Raj
Published: June 2015

Although gas turbines are known as constant volume machines, but its performance considerably depends upon the ambient air temperature and mass flow rate. During summer season the density of the air decreases which affects the mass flow rate and ultimately the power output of a gas turbine is reduced. In order to overcome this situation several techniques are already in the practice and one of the most effective and economical is adopting the inlet fog cooling, and this technique basically enhances the power output of the machine. The cooling of ambient air by fog cooling up to wet bulb temperature increases the mass flow rate on account of increase in air density, as a result it ultimately increases the power output of a gas turbine. Fogging is applied with consideration of relative humidity of ambient air not only during summer season but also during dry days of summer season in order to increase the power output of gas turbine. This paper describes the effect on percentage enhancement of power out adopting various fuel options with low and high humi dity ambient conditions. The result indicates the potential increase in the power output up to 14%. It is also observed that the total cost of power production increases due to increase in fuel consumption on account of enhanced power output. Thus the best suitable selling cost of power should be selected to compensate the increased investment on fuel cost.
Compressed Air as a Clean Energy Source for Vehicles
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Onkar
Published: June 2015

In today’s civilization the excessive use of hydrocarbon fuels in transport sector is causing serious effect on environmental damage to the extent of 77.8% due to its tail pipe emission which mainly releases: carbon dioxide,carbon mono-oxide, nitrous oxide, and other un-burnt gases contributing to green house gases. The excessive consumption of hydrocarbon fuel has also led to the danger of depletion of hydrocarbon fuel and oil wells are likely to be dried around 2047, leaving much disastrous effect like global warming, tsunami, hurricane and health hazards etc.. This paper describes the compressed air as a clean energy source that can be utilized with the help of suitable air driven engine to develop shaft work to run the light transport vehicles along with compressed air storage tank system. A novel rotary air engine has been designed and developed to produce 73-97% of its performance efficiency. Supplementing the hydrocarbon fueled vehicles with the use of compressed air for running vehicles will significantly control the emissions and enhance the energy sustainability.
Grid failure in Northern, Eastern and North-Eastern grid in 2012: Cause and its effect on economy of India An Review
Authors: Singh Arvind , Aasma Shoeba
Published: June 2015

This paper describes as to how grid failure has occurred in the northern region, eastern region and north-eastern region of India and its effect on economy of country .The estimated data presented in the paper appears to be consistent with post-blackout surveys of affected manufacturers and businesses. The paper concludes with examples of impacts to major industries and attempts to put a face on the economic consequences of this unfortunate debacle.
Zigbee Technology in Future Data Communication System
Authors: Gupta Sushila
Published: June 2015

As pervasive computing turns from the desktop model to the ubiquitous computing ideal, the development challenges become more complex than simply connecting a peripheral to a PC. A pervasive computing system has potentially hundreds of interconnected devices within a small area. This is not only a departure from the typical computer-peripheral model it is also a departure from the typical client-server model. ZigBee, based on IEEE 802.15.4, is an emerging standard within networked embedded systems. It has already been adopted by several major developers and the availability of devices and support systems is growing rapidly. This standard will become a foundation of future commonplace technologies. Topics in wireless mesh networking should be presented to Information Technology and Computer Engineering Technology students to ensure they are wellgrounded in this emerging area. This paper describes an instructional module. It includes background information on the technology, the key concepts students must understand regarding ZigBee networking, the selection of a development environment, and the design of a hands-on lab experience. We briefly discuss the necessity of teaching this technology.
Low Power CMOS Dynamic Latch Comparator using 0.18μm Technology
Authors: Singh Rahul , Sharma Arun
Published: June 2015

The design and analysis of low power, high speed CMOS dynamic latch comparator is presented. The comparator combines the features of both, the resistive dividing network and differential current sensing comparator. The proposed design will improve the comparator performance by reducing the propagation delay, power dissipation. Simulation results are obtained in 0.18um with supply voltages of 1.8v respectively. The schematic of comparator is captured using Cadence Virtuoso schematic editor and simulated using the Cadence Spectre simulator.
Voltage Compensation Scheme for Standalone Distributed Wind Energy Conversion System
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Shukla Shivangee
Published: June 2015

The Wind generation system has potential application for the grid support that could be utilized in rural areas. However, continuous variation of wind speed results in severe power quality problems, especially in a standalone village network. In distributed generation, wind power system can cause sub harmonic and interharmonic components to appear in the spectrum of voltage and currents. These harmonics can cause flicker, overload, and interference, on the electronic equipments. This paper proposes Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is the most efficient and effective modern custom power device used in power distribution networks. This could be used to improve the power quality in a rural load fed from a wind driven permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The reference voltage is tracked by voltage source converter using a switching band scheme. A method of extracting the phasor symmetrical components that contain both integer and non integer harmonics and complex Fourier transform relation is proposed. In this paper, it is demonstrated that this device can tightly regulate the voltage at the load terminal when load draws integer, non integer harmonic current and sag and swell in the source side.
Study of Fluidized Bed Drying Method Used For Safe Storage of Rice And Its Analyais
Authors: Verma Rakesh , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: June 2015

Rice is used as a staple food by more than 60 percent of world population. The method used for Cooking of rice for eating purpose is most common and popular. Rice starch is used in making ice cream, custard powder, puddings, gel, distillation of potable alcohol, etc. It is used in confectionery products like bread, snacks, cookies and biscuits. The defatted bran is also used as cattle feed, organic fertilizer (compost), and medicinal purpose and in wax making. Rice is used as animal feed, fuel, mushroom bed, for mulching in horticultural crops and in preparation of paper and compost. Rice yields have been increasing since the 1960s, but since the 1990s, growth in rice production has been slower than population growth. Indeed, it is anticipated that rice production will need to increase by 30% by 2025 in order to sustain those who need it for sustenance. In the present work fluidized bed drying method used for safe storage of rice and analysis of rice conditions and we find that inlet air temperature has the most important effect on the drying rate of material, increasing the inlet air temperature increases the drying rate of the material. Inlet material flow rate has the most important effect on thermal efficiency. Increasing the inlet material flow rate increases the efficiency but decreases the drying rate. At lower flow rate of material, efficiency is low.
Failure analysis of belt in conveyor system for coal handling in thermal power plant
Authors: Gupta Ankit
Published: June 2015

The study is made and compared with actual situation of the thermal power plant, for the failure in belt of conveyor due to the deviation under load from its axis. Analyze technical characteristics causing the deviation in the belt and the operating characteristics of relevant machinery causing deviation. Based on the research, failure in belt due to deviation during use, analysis the cause of failure, proposed some method to reduce it are summed up.
Software Development for Setup Planning of Rotational Part
Authors: Dwivedi Sumit , Alam Shahnawaz
Published: June 2015

An innovative approach was developed to solve the problem of setup planning, which is the most critical problem in process planning for discrete metal parts. Setup planning is the act of preparing detailed work instructions for setting up a part. The major objective of this research is to improve the performance of CAPP systems by developing a systematic approach to generate practical setup plans based on tolerance analysis. A comprehensive literature review on tolerance control in CAPP was conducted. It was found that tolerance chart analysis, a traditional tolerance control technique, is reactive in nature and can be greatly improved by solving the problem of setup planning. In order to develop a theoretically sound foundation for tolerance analysis-based setup planning, the problem of tolerance stack up in NC machining was analyzed in terms of manufacturing error analysis. Guidelines for setup planning were then developed based on the analysis. To systematically solve the setup planning problem, a graph theoretical setup planning algorithm for rotational parts was then developed for automated and integrated setup planning and fixture design. Its efficiency and effectiveness evaluated. The result is promising. The algorithms were then computerized. A setup planning program was developed under the Microsoft Windows environment using C.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Epoxy EPON 862 Cured With TETA by Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Rai Ashwini Kumar , Porwal Amit , Mishra S. B.
Published: June 2015

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to estimate the material properties of the cross-linked epoxy resin compound. A periodic amorphous structure of the cross-linked epoxy resin compound was constructed and it was simulated by continuous accumulation of structure configurations at various temperatures. Based on the simulation results, glass transition temperature (Tg), linear thermal expansion coefficients and Young's modulus of the cross-linked epoxy resin compound were predicted. The predicted values of these material properties are in good agreement with the experimental values in the literature.
A New Direction for Optimizing the Weld Pool Geometry in Welding of HSLA Steel
Authors: Singh Rajesh , Yadav Gaurav
Published: June 2015

This paper reports on process parameter selection for optimizing the weld pool geometry in the metal inert gas welding of High strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. The experimental studies were conducted under varying Voltage, flow rate, stick out and wire feed speed. The settings of welding parameters were determined by using the Taguchi experimental design method. The level of importance of the welding parameters on the weld pool geometry is determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum welding parameter combination was obtained by using the analysis of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. The confirmation tests indicated that it is possible to optimize the weld pool geometry significantly by using the Taguchi method. The experimental results confirmed the validity of the used Taguchi method for enhancing the welding performance and optimizing the welding parameters in the metal inert gas welding process.
A Unified Scheme For Fast And Efficient Spiht Coding Algorithm Used For Image Compression
Authors: Khan Amir Athar , Ali Amanat , Alam Sanawar , Kidwai N. R.
Published: June 2015

This paper concerns Image compression obtained with wavelet-based compression techniques such as setpartitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT)yield very good results The necessity in image compression continuously grows during the last decade, different types of methods is used for this mainly EZW, SPIHT and others. In this paper we used discrete wavelet transform and after this set-partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) with some improvement in respect of encoding and decoding time with better PSNR with respect to EZW coding.
Detection of Internal Faults in Transformers By Negative Sequence Current
Authors: Mishra Vivek , Prakash Satyam
Published: June 2015

Initially it is very difficult to find out internal fault in transformer. These internal fault are hazardous and causes overheating of transformer oil and winding, it consequences as insulation failure because of this uninterrupted power supply cannot be continued. It is more difficult to detect internal fault in small ratting transformer. Buchholz Relay is classical method for detecting these internal faults in transformer but this method is based on generation of gasses during faults.
This work deals with a technique which is based on source formation of negative sequence current inside or outside of transformer for detecting internal fault. The protection against these fault with the help of differential relay connected both side of the transformer winding which compare the phase difference of negative sequence current.
Challenges and Strategies for Universal Access to Energy
Authors: Singh Onkar
Published: June 2015

Energy sustainability is a major challenge for today’s development. The energy availability and the universal access of energy is essentially required for sustaining the civilization else humanity will roll back to stone age. As per the recent reports the estimate by International Energy Agency which says that around 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and 2.7 billion people lack clean cooking facilities. These deficiencies can be met by the two pronged strategy of enhancing energy availability and facilitation of universal energy access. The sustainable energy can bridge the gap for critical requirement of eliminating poverty, reducing gap between rich and poor along with minimizing adverse impact on climate. In this paper an effort is made as to how to identify the area and make sustainable energy for future development.
Energy and Environment: Challenges and Strategies; in context to Automobiles
Authors: Sinha Shailendra
Published: June 2015

Development of any country mainly depends on availability of energy, at the same time most of the environmental problems are associated with the use of energy. Sustainable development should be approached in all of its primary dimensions: economic, environmental and social. Energy has deep and broad relationships with each of the three pillars of sustainable development. Rapid industrialization, increasing urbanization and motorization and increase in consumption of fossil fuels are main reasons for environmental degradation. Emissions associated with combustion of fuel have a significant impact on the ecosystem, affecting animals, plants and aquatic life. Transport sector is one of the major contributors to pollution in urban areas. If present trends continue, including the heavy reliance on fossil fuels, risks will build up not only in the environmental dimension but also in the economic dimension. We need to change not only the structure of the energy sector but also behavior in our societies and economies. This paper reviews the use of biofuels, pollutant formation from engines and methods to control emissions for cleaner environment and sustainable development.
Measurement of Ground State Magnetization Densities and the Excitation of High Multipolarity Magnetic Excitation of Single Particle
Authors: Husain Shad
Published: June 2015

This topic deals in the study of correlation of ground and excited states of even nuclei like 160 and 4He. The main objective of present work is to develop more theoretical techniques applicable in nuclear physics. The work is also extended to discrete excited states as well as odd even nuclei. The work is useful for the calculation of nuclear many body problems for spherically symmetric nuclear quantization representation. The ground state calculation of 160 and 4He are done using G. matrix, which also help in calculation of ground state binding energy and one body two body densities.
Electronic Structure, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Vibrational Analysis of Ethyl benzoate by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Hasan Tanveer , Singh P. K.
Published: June 2015

This work deals with the vibrational spectroscopy of Ethyl benzoate (C9H10O2). The fundamental vibrational frequencies and intensity of vibrational bands were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) using standard HF/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) methods and basis set combinations. The vibrational spectra were interpreted, with the aid of normal coordinate analysis based on a scaled quantum mechanical force field. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Comparison of simulated spectra with the experimental spectra provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.
Successive Improvement of Refrigerants in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System for Sustainable Environment
Authors: Dwivedi Vivek , Singh Rahul
Published: June 2015

In the present paper, it is presented about the drastic changes in refrigerants in VCRS from the past days keeping in mind the need of changing the past refrigerants due to the rapid depletion of our Ozone layer.
When the depletion of Ozone layer was observed increasing day by day Montreal Protocol was signed for prohibition of the use of the refrigerants like CFC, HCFC, HFC and their derivatives were prohibited worldwide.But the need of refrigerants were increasing rapidly day by day so new refrigerants were discovered like R-11, R-22 and many more which are efficient enough and eco-friendly too.
In this paper, it is also presented that the new drastic changes in the introduction of new refrigerants like R-410 A and R-417 A. Their efficiency, drawback, new implementations are also introduced in this paper.
Experimental Set up of Air Conditioning System in Automobile Using Exhaust Energy
Authors: Yadav J. P. , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: June 2015

The refrigeration units currently used in road transport vehicles are predominantly of the vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) type but this work represents study of air conditioning in automobile based on ammonia water vapour absorption system using hot exhaust gases as an energy source. In the study an experimental set up is designed and fabricated to use low grade heat energy i.e. exhaust gases as input heat to the system.
Flood Warnings and Recent Disaster at Uttarakhand
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: June 2015

The partition from Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand has been struggling for development pertaining to road connectivity, power supply and other developments like: education, health, tourism and water supply etc. During the development activities, it has perhaps not been taken care or totally ignored about the ecological imbalances being created by such activities. No proper indication or assessment is made from environmentalist foe Uttarakhand tragedy which occurred recently in the month of June' 2013 whereas in US there were announcement by Govt. to vacate the lower portion of New York city, 15 days before Sandy came on 31st Oct' 2012.
The said Uttarakhand disaster during June became an eye opener to cope with one of the worst ecological disasters in recent memory. Union Environment Minister, Jayanthi Natarajan said that an 'eco-sensitive zone plan' was in place in the State and that the authorities must not compromise on the 'fragile ecology' of the region. We must look this disaster with magnifying glass whether by giving such statement will make people aware about its non-revival in future course of time. In this paper, it suggested looking such kind of tragedy due to disaster in new direction and causes must be found out whether it was only due to development of buildings, roads and hydro power etc. for disturbing ecosystem or something else has indicator for such tragedy for that solutions can be worked out.
Effect Of Climatic Change On Humans In India: Impact and Remedies
Authors: Mishra Snehil Kumar , Mishra Arun Kumar
Published: June 2015

It is evident from scientific researches that ecological catastrophe brought about by climatic change is becoming unavoidable day by day. This climatic change has the potential to undermine human development and may even lead to a reversal of current development progress. Evidences show that change in climate will affect distribution and quality of India’s natural resources, which will ultimately threaten livelihoods of most poor and marginalized sector of population who closely tied to India’s natural resources base and count of such sector is almost 56%.
Effect of Fungicide Treatment on Dielectric Properties of a Vegetable Seed
Authors: Chandel Vishal Singh , Rahman Atiq UR , Shukla J. P. , Manohar Rajiv , Khan Mohd. Shafi
Published: June 2015

Effect of fungicides’ (thiram, captan, carbendazim, bagalol) treatment on dielectric constant and dielectric loss of a vegetable seed, namely the brinjal at given moisture content and bulk density was examined using Hewlett-Packard (HP-4194A) impedance/gain phase analyzer over the frequency range of 0.01 to 10 MHz and temperature range of 30-450C. Julabo (temperature controller, F-25, Germany) was used for keeping the temperature of seeds constant. Study showed that fungicide treatment cast considerable change in dielectric parameters namely the dielectric constant and dielectric loss.
Financing and Creating Energy Infrastructure for Small Cities
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Singh Bharat Raj
Published: June 2015

India today needs to have around 2,OO,OOO MW of power to meet its current energy needs, but it is able to provide only about two third of it. Additional finances are difficult to come by and the infrastructure is often not available to make it reach the remote areas. Heavy roistering in city areas has been a perpetual feature in some states. Many of the dwellers of small cities have come to depend on what is called an 'inverter' and its associated battery based storage system to cope up with the frequent power outages.
Seen from another perspective these systems only lack the solar panels to become completely self contained power systems. Thus addition of solar panels to these will be only an incremental cost. By encouraging this approach several problems can be solved all the same time. First of all this additional investment will be from the users themselves. Next the power generated will be environmentally friendly and the regular power supply and the grid may need to be used sparingly. These storage based systems may become parts of Smart Grids for the future as they may be further evolved to feed power into the grid.Evaluation of the performance of these systems has been studied through simulation and the economics of the system has been investigated under various conditions for typical users. The proposed system has been compared with the early telecom systems in India that were based on land lines and could not be expanded fast enough. Later the privatized and decentralized wireless based approach provided the desirable solutions.
Tyre Safety by Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Tiwari Sanjay , Sarasvat Vivek , Pal Amit Kumar
Published: June 2015

The automotive industry is one of the larger markets in the world. It had previously been one of the fastest growing globally. An automobile is being used in every part of our social life. It is also used in emergency situation as ambulance, VVIP movement, Defense Services and Rescue Operations. The most common problem in automobile is air leakage in tyres. As per experiences, very little nail of ferrous metal are responsible for this leakage. This paper presents an idea to safe guard the tyres with the help of electromagnetic field. The method is purely based on numerical approach. Average weight of ferrous metal nail is to be found out by the sample collected from tyre repair shop and accordingly required force can be calculated to lift the nail from the road. A high strength magnetic field is generated to lift the nails from the road. Further calculation for required electrical parameter (current, voltage, wire, core etc) is done. This will increase the tyre life and reduce the risk of delay in travel during emergency situation. It will also help the environmental by increasing the life of tyre and reducing the frequent change of tyres, which will also reduce the production demand.
Double Stage Drive System for Induction Motor Based on Direct Axis Current Control
Authors: Prakash Satyam , Mishra Vivek , Singh Arvind
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with double stage drive system of 3-phase induction motor. As 3-phase induction motor consider as load thus its speed and torque at output shaft counts as performance parameter. One of these two stages is to control over DC voltage use to fed in inverter set provide controlling over output shaft torque. A feedback signal of torque generate error signal of PID controller which control output voltage level of phase control rectifier. This controlled voltage is fed to inverter where another stage comes into existence. Conversion of 3 to 2 phase of load current use as feedback signal for this stage of controlling. Another PID controller is use to control direct axis current of output supply of inverter. This 3-phase controlled output of inverter is fed to the armature winding of 3-phase induction motor by which controlling over speed will achieve. Simulation result will show the effect of this two stage controlling technique in the performance of 3-phase induction motor.
Technical Modeling Of Employment Potential And Economic Viability of Agro Based Industries
Authors: Singh Deepti
Published: June 2015

The paper discusses in detail the importance of agro based industries. This whole debate of the agro based industries can be traced back to the economic development of the developing economies around the world. India has been basically an agriculture driven economy, the story of the development of the other agriculture driven economies suggest that they stated their development story with the view of also taking agriculture growth into account. They led to the path of development i.e. industrial sector and services sector but also took along agriculture with itself. This step was taken to make the growth process inclusive, that is development of all the sectors composing the economy at that point in time. But in india the growth process has not been inclusive that is, the urban centers has marched ahead while the rural sector stays behind. The development of industrial sectors has been centralized along the urban areas. This imbalance has led to a flourishing urban centre and a ruining rural centre. Now this imbalance has led to the problem of migration, unemployment in rural centres, underemployment in rural centres, acute poverty. So to tackle this problem of rural distress industrialization of rural india is a necessity and along with it growth of agriculture is also required. To tackle this dual problem the development of agro based industries is a necessity. Now there are several aspects involved in the development of an industry, I am taking into account the problem of economic viability of such rural units.
Harmonic Solutions To Commercial And Industrial Electrical Power Systems
Authors: Singh Amarjeet
Published: June 2015

Problems associated with harmonic distortion are well understood for electrical power system applications.The right solution is challenging. There are numerous technologies to choose from, each with specific technical and economic advantages. This paper provides recommendations for reducing harmonic distortion, improving system capacity and improving system reliability. Special considerations for applying capacitors on a power systems with harmonics will be discussed.
Effect of Artificial Viscosity on the Expansion of Dis-Continuities in a Rotating Interplanetary Medium with Material Pressure
Authors: Yadav Ajai Singh , Singh Seema , Srivastava K. K.
Published: June 2015

The solution of equations by seeking quasi-similar solution, in which the viscosity coefficient is taken to be at most a function of time but independent of space co-ordinates. an attempt is made to account for the material strength by including Newtonian- Viscosity term. In the present paper the characteristic method (Chester, Witham) is applied to obtain expressions of the density, the pressure, the particle velocity just behind the shock propagating in a rotating atmosphere. The effect of cariolis force is taken into account. Since the velocity effect has a tendency to smoothen out such discontinuities, the artificial viscosity coefficient suggested by Rithchmyer and Von Newmann is introduced. The problem is discussed for two different cases (i) for weak shocks and (ii) for strong shocks respectively.
VLSI Reliability in Europe
Authors: Misra Rahul , Tripathi Sharad
Published: June 2015

A few points will be highlighted on the issue of VLSI reliability in Europe. First, there is a brief description of organizations involved in stimulating the activities on reliability by exchange of information (e.g., conferences) or setting up research programs (e. g . , the well-known ESPRIT program). Within ESPRIT, a technical interest group on IC reliability for formulating particular needs and necessary improvements in education and research was formed. The first outcome was an annual European conference on reliability, the ESREF, the first of which was held in Bari in 1990. In addition to ESPRIT research projects, there are special (smaller) projects on reliability subjects. Two examples will be given and treated in more detail, namely, those on plastic-encapsulation and electro-static discharge.Then some achievements in the area of firstly, oxide breakdown and secondly, plastic encapsulated IC's intemperature cycling are presented. Finally, a few opinions are given on new trends in reliability engineering, including reliability circuit simulation, if not already covered in the items mentioned above.
A Solution for Detecting Black Hole Attack Using Improved DRI in MANET
Authors: Parveen Atifa , Ahmad Shish , Ahmad Jameel
Published: June 2015

Ad hoc Network is a self organized autonomous network that consists of mobile nodes which communicate with each other over wireless links. One of the common attacks in MANETs is the Black hole Attack, in which malicious node falsely claiming it to have the fresh and shortest path to the destination and then drops all the receiving packets. The black hole attack is one of the well-known security threats in wireless mobile adhoc networks. We proposed a mechanism to mitigate single black hole attack to discover a safe route to the destination by avoiding attacks. In this paper we proposed an approach for better analysis and improve security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our scheme is based on AODV protocol which is improved by deploying improved DRI table with additional check bit. The Simulation on NS2 is carried out and the proposed scheme has produced results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the mechanism in detection and elimination of the attack and improve network performance by reducing the packet dropping ratio in network. In this paper, We not only classify these proposals into single black hole attack but also analyze the categories of these solutions.
Weld Quality Prediction Using Artificial Intelligence Technique
Authors: Ojha Gaurav Kumar , Yadav Gyanendra Kumar , Yadav Pankaj
Published: June 2015

Decision-making process in manufacturing environment is increasingly difficult due to the rapid changes in design and demand of quality products. To make decision making process online, effective and efficient artificial intelligent tools like neural networks are being attempted. Usually, the desired welding parameters are determined using traditional methods like welder’s experiences, charts and handbooks (preferred values) which are simple and inexpensive. But this does not ensure that the selected welding parameters result in satisfactory welding and this method is not applicable to new welding process. To overcome this problem, various methods of obtaining the desired output variables through models to correlate input variables with output variables have been developed. Fractional factorial techniques, Mathematical modeling, curvilinear regression equations, linear regression equations, response surface methodology, finite element modeling, grey-based Taguchi method and sensitivity analysis were used to model SAW process. These methods are limited in application due to difficulties in modeling, time consuming and cumbersome. Due to the inadequacy and inefficiency of the mathematical models to explain the nonlinear properties existing between the input and output parameters of welding lead to the development of intelligent modeling techniques. Precise simulation and analysis of the process needs attention which helps to predict the wide variety of process parameters to set the factory floor in real time. The type of artificial intelligence capable of responding to changes in the automated manufacturing environment, and having the ability to capture vast manufacturing knowledge isAdaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). It is becoming widely used in all aspects of manufacturing process to assist humans. Realizing that matter, ANFIS a state of the art artificial intelligent method, has the possibility to enhance the prediction of weld quality to find the best combination of independent variables which is welding current (I), speed (S) and welding voltage (V) as the input variables in order to achieve desired weld quality. Thus, the main objectives of this project is to develop ANFIS model to predict weld quality.
Analysis and Evaluation of Image Fusion Algorithms
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Mishra Vikas Kumar , Gupta C. L.P.
Published: June 2015

There is an increasing need for performance tools or quality assessment in order to compare the results obtained with different algorithms of image fusion. This analysis can be used to select a specific algorithm for a defined fusion dataset. The image quality is a characteristic of an image that measures the perceived image degradation (typically, compared to an ideal or perfect picture). Imaging systems may introduce a certain amount of distortion or artifacts in the signal, hence the quality assessment is an important problem. There are several techniques and measures that can be objectively measured and evaluated automatically by a computer program. Therefore, they may be classified as complete reference methods (FR) and the No-reference methods (NR). In the methods of image quality assessment FR, the quality of a test image is evaluated by comparing a reference image that is supposed to have perfect quality. NR measures attempt to assess the quality of an image without any reference to the original.
"Catastrophic Risk Assessment, Using Integrated Multi-Criteria Flood Vulnerability Index for Various Spatial and Temporal M ining Scales : A Case Study of Kosi Flood Affected Five Districts"
Authors: Saxena Prince Divakar , Pande Sanjay
Published: June 2015

Human population worldwide is vulnerable to natural disasters, which are increasing due to the consequences of socio-economical and land-use developments and due to climate change. In recent years the impacts of floods have gained importance because of the increasing amount of people who are affected by its adverse effects.
In this study a methodology to compute a flood vulnerability index, based on indicators, is developed, aiming at assessing the conditions which favour flood damages at various levels: river basin, sub-catchment and urban area. This methodology can be used as a tool for decision making to direct investments at the most needed sectors. Its implementation could guide policy makers to analyse actions towards better dealing with floods. The methodology involves two concepts. First, vulnerability, which covers three related concepts called factors of vulnerability: exposure, susceptibility and resilience. The other concept concerns the actual flooding; understanding which elements of a system is suffering from this natural disaster. Three main components of a system are recognized which are affected by flooding: social, economical and environmental The interaction between the vulnerability factors and the components serves as the base of the proposed methodology.
The methodology has been applied in various case studies spatial and temporal scales, which resulted in interesting observations on how vulnerability can be reflected by quantifiable indicators. The testing results indicate that the FVI of a river basin as a whole can be better reflected by the average FVI of its sub-catchments, thereby improving decision-making processes at regional levels. However, the average FVI of urban areas does not reflect the FVI of the sub-catchment or river basin in which they are located.