bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA-338-3p Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis of Multiple Myeloma Cells Through Targeting Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4
Authors: Cao Yang , Shi Xu , Liu Yingmin , Xu Ren , Ai Qing
Published: March 2018

MicroRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. However, the biological role of miR-338-3p and its underlying mechanism in multiple myeloma (MM) remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the biological role and potential
of miR-338-3p in MM. We found that miR-338-3p was significantly decreased in newly diagnosed and relapsed MM tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-338-3p in MM cells significantly inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, caspase 3, and caspase 8 activity. Bioinformatics algorithm
analysis predicted that cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) was a direct target of miR-338-3p, and this was experimentally verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-338-3p inhibited CDK4 expression on mRNA and protein levels. Of note, the restoration of
CDK4 expression markedly abolished the effect of miR-338-3p overexpression on cell proliferation, apoptosis, caspase 3, and caspase 8 activities in MM cells. Taken together, the present study is the first to demonstrate that miR-338-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in MM through inhibiting
CDK4. This finding implies that miR-338-3p is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MM.
MicroRNA-1277 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells by Targeting and Suppressing BMP4 Expression and Reflects the Significant Indicative Role in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathology and Diagnosis After Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment
Authors: Cao Xinshan , Xu Ling , Liu Quanyuan , Yang Lijuan , Li Na , Li Xiaoxiao
Published: March 2018

Our study aimed to investigate the roles and possible regulatory mechanism of miR-1277 in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC patients were identified from patients who were diagnosed with focal liver lesions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The expression
levels of miR-1277 in the serum of HCC patients and HepG2 cells were measured. Then miR-1277 mimic, miR-1277 inhibitor, or scramble RNA was transfected into HepG2 cells. The effects of miR-1277 overexpression and suppression on HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were then investigated.
Additionally, the expression levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, including E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin, were detected. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assay were performed to explore the potential target of miR-1277. miR-1277 was
significantly downregulated in the serum of HCC patients and HepG2 cells. Suppression of miR-1277 promoted HepG2 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas overexpression of miR-1277 had opposite effects. In addition, after miR-1277 was suppressed, the expressions of E-cadherin and
β-catenin were significantly increased, while the expressions of vimentin were markedly decreased. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) was identified as the direct target of miR-1277. Knockdown of BMP4 reversed the effects of miR-1277 suppression on HepG2 cell migration and invasion,
as well as the expressions of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin. Our results indicate that downregulation of miR-1277 may promote the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells by targeting BMP4 to induce EMT. Combination of MRI and miR-1277 level will facilitate the diagnosis and treatment
of HCC.
miR-449a Suppresses Tumor Growth, Migration, and Invasion in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Targeting a HMGB1-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Dandan , Liu Jun , Chen Jianliang , He Haiyan , Ma Hang , Lv Xuedong
Published: March 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in many human cancers and tumor progression. The dysregulation of miR-449a is found in many types of malignancies and is associated with tumor growth, migration, and invasion. However, its expression and function in non-small cell
lung cancer (NSCLC) still remains unclear. In our study, miR-449a was found to be downregulated in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and low miR-449a expression was obviously associated with tumor differentiation, TMN stage, and poor overall survival (OS). Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-449a
could inhibit tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion in NSCLC. We also confirmed that HMGB1 was a direct target gene of miR-449a in NSCLC with dual-luciferase reporter assay, and upregulation of HMGB1 could reverse the miR-449a-induced suppression of growth, migration, and invasion in
NSCLC cells. Last, we found that miR-449a suppressed tumor initiation and development through the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results indicate that miR-449a functions as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC by targeting the HMGB1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in NSCLC.
miR-632 Promotes Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through Negative Regulation of GSK3β
Authors: Zhou Zhong-xin , Zhang Zu-ping , Tao Ze-zhang , Tan Ting-zhao
Published: March 2018

Laryngeal cancer, one of the most common head and neck malignancies, is an aggressive neoplasm. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert important roles in oncogenesis and progression of diverse types of human cancers. miR-632, a tumor-related miRNA, has been
reported to be dysregulated and implicated in human malignancies; however, its biological role in laryngeal carcinoma remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed at exploring the role of miR-632 in laryngeal cancer and clarifying the potential molecular mechanisms involved. In the current
study, miR-632 was found to be significantly upregulated both in laryngeal cancer tissues and laryngeal cancer cell lines. Functional studies demonstrated that miR-632 accelerated cell proliferation and colony formation, facilitated cell migration and invasion, and enhanced the expression
of cell proliferation-associated proteins, cyclin D1 and c-myc. Notably, miR-632 could directly bind to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) to suppress its expression in laryngeal cancer cells. Mechanical studies revealed that miR-632
promoted laryngeal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through negative modulation of GSK3β. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that miR-632 expression was inversely correlated with GSK3β mRNA expression in laryngeal cancer tissues. Taken together, our findings
suggest that miR-632 functions as an oncogene in laryngeal cancer and may be used as a novel therapeutic target for laryngeal cancer.
MicroRNA 615-3p Inhibits the Tumor Growth and Metastasis of NSCLC via Inhibiting IGF2
Authors: Liu Jiangtao , Jia Yanli , Jia Lijuan , Li Tingting , Yang Lei , Zhang Gongwen
Published: March 2018

MicroRNAs are essential regulators of cancer-associated genes at the posttranscriptional level, and their expression is altered in cancer tissues. Herein we sought to identify the regulation of miR-615-3p in NSCLC progression and its mechanism. miR-615-3p expression was significantly
downregulated in NSCLC tissue compared to control normal tissue. Exogenous overexpression of miR-615-3p inhibited the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells. In addition, the in vivo mouse xenograft model showed that overexpression of miR-615-3p inhibited NSCLC growth and lung metastasis, whereas
decreased expression of miR-615-3p caused an opposite outcome. Furthermore, we revealed that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression was negatively correlated with the miR-615-3p level in NSCLC specimens, and IGF2 knockdown mimicked the effect of miR-615-3p inhibition on NSCLC cell
proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, overexpression of IGF2 rescued the inhibition of miR-615-3p in NSCLC cells. Together, our results indicated that miR-615-3p played important roles in the regulation of NSCLC growth and metastasis by targeting IGF2.
FIXED-BED COLUMN ADSORPTION OF ARSENIC(V) BY POROUS COMPOSITE OF MAGNETITE/HEMATITE/CARBON WITH EUCALYPTUS WOOD MICROSTRUCTURE
Authors: LI Yanhong , ZHU Yinian , ZHU Zongqiang , ZHANG Xuehong , WANG Dunqiu , XIE Liwei
Published: March 2018

The fixed-bed column adsorption-desorption of As(V) by the porous composite of iron oxides and carbon with eucalyptus wood hierarchical microstructure (PC-Fe/C) was experimentally studied. The increase in the influent As(V) concentration and the inflow rate resulted in an earlier exhaustion of the column. The breakthrough curves indicated that a larger adsorbent mass, a smaller adsorbent grain size and a lower influent pH prolonged the column life span. The operating temperature had negligible effect. All breakthrough curves could be well fitted with the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models. Under the condition of the influent flow rate of 5.136 mL/min, the influent As(V) concentration of 20 mg/L, the influent pH of 3, the adsorbent mass of 2 g, the adsorbent grain size of <100 mesh, and the operating temperature of 35 °C, the equilibrium adsorption capacity reached 10.49 mg/g, which was greater than those of natural/synthetic iron oxides adsorbents and iron-oxide-coated adsorbents.
Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
Authors: Sesana Alberto , Haiman Zoltán , Kocsis Bence , Kelley Luke Zoltan
Published: March 2018

The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years, allowing variability studies on large statistical samples. The inspection of ≈250 k quasars in CRTS resulted in a catalog of 111 potentially periodic sources, put forward as supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidates. A similar investigation on PTF data yielded 33 candidates from a sample of ≈35 k quasars. Working under the SMBHB hypothesis, we compute the implied SMBHB merger rate and we use it to construct the expected gravitational wave background (GWB) at nano-Hz frequencies, probed by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). After correcting for incompleteness and assuming virial mass estimates, we find that the GWB implied by the CRTS sample exceeds the current most stringent PTA upper limits by almost an order of magnitude. After further correcting for the implicit bias in virial mass measurements, the implied GWB drops significantly but is still in tension with the most stringent PTA upper limits. Similar results hold for the PTF sample. Bayesian model selection shows that the null hypothesis (whereby the candidates are false positives) is preferred over the binary hypothesis at about 2.3σ and 3.6σ for the CRTS and PTF samples respectively. Although not decisive, our analysis highlights the potential of PTAs as astrophysical probes of individual SMBHB candidates and indicates that the CRTS and PTF samples are likely contaminated by several false positives.
Constraining Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections through Multi-wavelength Analysis of the Active M Dwarf EQ Peg
Authors: Crosley M. K. , Osten R. A.
Published: March 2018

Stellar coronal mass ejections remain experimentally unconstrained, unlike their stellar flare counterparts, which are observed ubiquitously across the electromagnetic spectrum. Low-frequency radio bursts in the form of a type II burst offer the best means of identifying and constraining the rate and properties of stellar CMEs. CME properties can be further improved through the use of proposed solar-stellar scaling relations and multi-wavelength observations of CMEs through the use of type II bursts and the associated flares expected to occur alongside them. We report on 20 hr of observation of the nearby, magnetically active, and well-characterized M dwarf star EQ Peg. The observations are simultaneously observed with the Jansky Very Large Array at their P-band (230–470 MHz) and at the Apache Point observatory in the SDSS u′ filter (λ = 3557 Å). Dynamic spectra of the P-band data, constructed to search for signals in the frequency-time domains, did not reveal evidence of drifting radio bursts that could be ascribed to type II bursts. Given the sensitivity of our observations, we are able to place limits on the brightness temperature and source size of any bursts that may have occurred. Using solar scaling rations on four observed stellar flares, we predict CME parameters. Given the constraints on coronal density and photospheric field strength, our models suggest that the observed flares would have been insufficient to produce detectable type II bursts at our observed frequencies. We consider the implications of these results, and other recent findings, on stellar mass loss.
Effects of Alfvénic Drift on Diffusive Shock Acceleration at Weak Cluster Shocks
Authors: Kang Hyesung , Ryu Dongsu
Published: March 2018

Non-detection of γ-ray emission from galaxy clusters has challenged diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of cosmic-ray (CR) protons at weak collisionless shocks that are expected to form in the intracluster medium. As an effort to address this problem, we here explore possible roles of Alfvén waves self-excited via resonant streaming instability during the CR acceleration at parallel shocks. The mean drift of Alfvén waves may either increase or decrease the scattering center compression ratio, depending on the postshock cross-helicity, leading to either flatter or steeper CR spectra. We first examine such effects at planar shocks, based on the transport of Alfvén waves in the small amplitude limit. For the shock parameters relevant to cluster shocks, Alfvénic drift flattens the CR spectrum slightly, resulting in a small increase of the CR acceleration efficiency, η. We then consider two additional, physically motivated cases: (1) postshock waves are isotropized via MHD and plasma processes across the shock transition, and (2) postshock waves contain only forward waves propagating along with the flow due to a possible gradient of CR pressure behind the shock. In these cases, Alfvénic drift could reduce η by as much as a factor of five for weak cluster shocks. For the canonical parameters adopted here, we suggest η ∼ 10−4–10−2 for shocks with sonic Mach number M
s ≈ 2–3. The possible reduction of η may help ease the tension between non-detection of γ-rays from galaxy clusters and DSA predictions.
A Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) toward the Galactic Anticenter with the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Tingay S. J. , Tremblay C. D. , Croft S.
Published: March 2018

Following the results of the first systematic modern low-frequency search for extraterrestrial intelligence using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), which was directed toward a Galactic Center field, we report a second survey toward a Galactic Anticenter field. Using the MWA in the frequency range 99–122 MHz over a three-hour period, a 625 deg2 field centered on Orion KL (in the general direction of the Galactic Anticenter) was observed with a frequency resolution of 10 kHz. Within this field, 22 exoplanets are known. At the positions of these exoplanets, we searched for narrowband signals consistent with radio transmissions from intelligent civilizations. No such signals were found with a 5σ detection threshold. Our sample is significantly different to the 45 exoplanets previously studied with the MWA toward the Galactic Center, since the Galactic Center sample is dominated by exoplanets detected using microlensing, and hence at much larger distances than the exoplanets toward the Anticenter, found via radial velocity and transit detection methods. Our average effective sensitivity to extraterrestrial transmitter power is therefore much improved for the Anticenter sample. Added to this, our data processing techniques have improved, reducing our observational errors, leading to our best detection limit being reduced by approximately a factor of four compared to our previously published results.
A Possible Progenitor of the Interstellar Sulfide Bond: Rovibrational Characterization of the Hydrogen Disulfide Cation HSSH+
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Francisco Joseph S.
Published: March 2018

S2H (HSS) has been observed very recently in the interstellar medium, specifically in the Horsehead nebula. The protonated form, S2H2
+, is believed to be a necessary intermediate in its creation in the gas phase in UV-irradiated regions. However, little is known about this radical cation. This work showcases that the trans-HSSH+ isomer is 0.12 eV lower in energy than the cis with a 1.05 eV upper limit to the torsional rotation barrier. Additionally, the vibrational frequencies and rotational constants for both structures are provided in full here for the first time. The cis isomer is likely the more detectable since it possesses a permanent dipole moment and has a high-intensity vibrational frequency for the antisymmetric H−S−S bend at 926 cm−1 (10.8 μm), in the heart of the mid-IR spectral range. A third isomer, H2S−S+ is also reported herein lying ∼0.9 eV in energy above trans-HSSH+. This isomer could play a role in the formation of S2H since it would be kinetically favored in the reaction of sulfur cations with hydrogen sulfide. Further assessment of this third, higher-energy isomer is left for future work.
An Ultradeep Chandra Catalog of X-Ray Point Sources in the Galactic Center Star Cluster
Authors: Zhu Zhenlin , Li Zhiyuan , Morris Mark R.
Published: March 2018

We present an updated catalog of X-ray point sources in the inner 500″ (∼20 pc) of the Galactic center (GC), where the nuclear star cluster (NSC) stands, based on a total of ∼4.5 Ms of Chandra observations taken from 1999 September to 2013 April. This ultradeep data set offers unprecedented sensitivity for detecting X-ray sources in the GC, down to an intrinsic 2–10 keV luminosity of 1.0 × 1031 erg s−1. A total of 3619 sources are detected in the 2–8 keV band, among which ∼3500 are probable GC sources and ∼1300 are new identifications. The GC sources collectively account for ∼20% of the total 2–8 keV flux from the inner 250″ region where detection sensitivity is the greatest. Taking advantage of this unprecedented sample of faint X-ray sources that primarily traces the old stellar populations in the NSC, we revisit global source properties, including long-term variability, cumulative spectra, luminosity function, and spatial distribution. Based on the equivalent width and relative strength of the iron lines, we suggest that in addition to the arguably predominant population of magnetic cataclysmic variables (CVs), nonmagnetic CVs contribute substantially to the detected sources, especially in the lower-luminosity group. On the other hand, the X-ray sources have a radial distribution closely following the stellar mass distribution in the NSC, but much flatter than that of the known X-ray transients, which are presumably low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) caught in outburst. This, together with the very modest long-term variability of the detected sources, strongly suggests that quiescent LMXBs are a minor (less than a few percent) population.
Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come?
Authors: Berbel-Filho Waldir Miron , Freitas Barros-Neto Luciano , Marques Dias Ricardo , Figueiredo Mendes Liana , Figueiredo Carlos Augusto Assumpção , Augusto Torres Rodrigo , Maia Queiroz Lima Sergio
Published: March 2018

Poeciliavivipara, a small euryhaline guppy is reported at the Maceió River micro-basin in the Fernando de Noronha oceanic archipelago, northeast Brazil. However, the origin (human-mediated or natural dispersal) of this insular population is still controversial. The present study investigates how this population is phylogenetically related to the surrounding continental populations using the cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial gene from eleven river basins in South America. Our phylogenetic reconstruction showed a clear geographical distribution arrangement of P.vivipara lineages. The Fernando de Noronha haplotype fell within the 'north' clade, closely related to a shared haplotype between the Paraíba do Norte and Potengi basins; the geographically closest continental drainages. Our phylogenetic reconstruction also showed highly divergent lineages, suggesting that P.vivipara may represent a species complex along its wide distribution. Regarding to the insular population, P.vivipara may have been intentionally introduced to the archipelago for the purpose of mosquito larvae control during the occupation of a U.S. military base following World War II. However, given the euryhaline capacity of P.vivipara, a potential scenario of natural (passive or active) dispersal cannot be ruled out.
Deep intraspecific DNA barcode splits and hybridisation in the Udea alpinalis group (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Crambidae) – an integrative revision
Authors: Mally Richard , Huemer Peter , Nuss Matthias
Published: March 2018

The analysis of mitochondrial COI data for the European-Centroasian montaneUdeaalpinalisspecies group finds deep intraspecific splits. Specimens ofU.austriacalisandU.rhododendronalisseparate into several biogeographical groups. These allopatric groups are not recovered in the analyses of the two nuclear markers wingless and Elongation factor 1-alpha, except forU.austriacalisfrom the Pyrenees and the French Massif Central. The latter populations are also morphologically distinct and conspecific withScopuladonzelalisGuenée, 1854, which is removed from synonymy and reinstated asUdeadonzelalis(Guenée, 1854)stat. rev.Furthermore,Udeaaltaica(Zerny, 1914),stat. n.from the Mongolian central Altai mountains,U.juldusalis(Zerny, 1914),stat. n.from the Tian Shan mountains of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and NW China, andU.plumbalis(Zerny, 1914),stat. n.from the Sayan Mountains of Northern Mongolia are raised to species level, and lectotypes are designated. Evidence of introgression ofU.alpinalisintoU.uliginosalisat three localities in the Central Alps is presented. A screening forWolbachiausing the markers wsp, gatB and ftsZ was negative for theU.alpinalisspecies group, butWolbachiawas found in single specimens ofU.fulvalisandU.olivalis(both in theU.numeralisspecies group). We do not find evidence for the conjecture of several authors of additional subspecies inU.rhododendronalis, and synonymiseU.rhododendronalisluquetalisLeraut, 1996,syn. n.andU.r.ventosalisLeraut, 1996,syn. n.with the nominalU.rhododendronalis(Duponchel, 1834).
Relating flight initiation distance in birds to tropical dry forest restoration
Authors: Osorio-Beristain Marcela , Rodríguez Angeles , Martínez-Garza Cristina , Alcalá Raúl Ernesto
Published: March 2018

Flight initiation distance (FID), defined as the distance at which an individual flees from an approaching predator, might depend on how the individual perceives the risk of being predated. Using a standardized walking approach method on focal bird individuals, we investigated whether different levels of vegetation cover (habitat) influence the perception of predation risk. To do this, we worked in an area of tropical dry forest in central Mexico that is currently part of a restoration ecology experiment. We hypothesized that restoration decreases individual’s predation risk perception by increasing the complexity of the vegetation cover. The escape responses of three tropical birds with different diets and foraging strategies were also contrasted. There was no effect of habitat on FID, suggesting that birds in both habitats perceived predation risk in a similar manner. There was, however, a difference in FID among species: the Golden-cheeked Woodpecker tolerated closer human presence before flight than the Inca Dove and Streak-backed Oriole. This difference is likely due to the use of an alternative avoidance strategy of this species, which uses trunks for hiding. To decrease birds’ perceived predation risk, restoration intervention plans should include a mosaic of larger excluded plots located near relatively well-conserved sites to increase the area covered by vegetation.
Représentations et pratiques des loisirs des enfants et adolescents : le paradoxe de la dimension éducative des loisirs
Authors: Constans Stéphanie , Gardair Emmanuèle
Published: March 2018

Cette étude examine, dans le champ des loisirs, les représentations et les pratiques des enfants et des adolescents, à travers, d’une part, l’examen de la littérature scientifique en psychologie, mais aussi en sciences de l’éducation et en sociologie et, d’autre part, le recueil de la parole d’enfants et d’adolescents, usagers de structures de loisirs. 31 enfants, âgés de 5 à 10 ans, inscrits dans un accueil de loisirs sans hébergement de l’agglomération nantaise, et 19 adolescents, âgés de 11 à 18 ans, fréquentant un espace jeunes de l’agglomération rennaise, ont été interrogés au moyen d’entretiens semi-directifs, articulant trois dimensions : la définition et le rôle des loisirs, la définition et le rôle des animateurs, les pratiques effectives et souhaitées. Les résultats, issus d’une analyse de contenu, réalisée à l’aide du logiciel Alceste, confirment notre hypothèse d’une hétérogénéité des représentations et des pratiques et de leur différenciation selon l’âge et le type de structure de loisirs fréquentée (enfants en accueil de loisirs versus adolescents en espace jeunes). L’analyse dégage cinq profils différenciés d’usagers, deux caractéristiques du discours des enfants en accueil de loisirs, trois du discours des adolescents en espace jeunes. Les loisirs constituent une forme d’expression identitaire et marquent une culture d’âge. Plus largement, ces représentations et ces pratiques posent la question de la dimension éducative informelle des loisirs.
Construction identitaire des frères et sœurs de personnes avec autisme : genèse du processus d’« adultisation » dans un contexte atypique
Authors: Claudel-Valentin Stéphanie
Published: March 2018

L’auteur propose une réflexion théorico-clinique sur le développement identitaire des fratries de personnes avec autisme, à partir des données d’une étude longitudinale de l’adolescence à l’âge adulte. Il s’agit d’un suivi de cohorte à cinq ans d’intervalle auprès de 24 sujets initialement âgés entre 13 et 18 ans. Une méthodologie clinique et projective est employée à partir d’un entretien clinique et d’un outil projectif ( Thematic Apperception Test ). Au-delà d’une diversité de parcours, les résultats tendent à montrer des difficultés d’individuation dans la construction de projets d’avenir personnels. Une vignette clinique représentative de cette problématique spécifique est proposée pour mettre en évidence l’intérêt d’une approche croisée clinique et projective dans la compréhension de ces situations singulières.
Devenir et être parent en situation de précarité
Authors: Pinel-Jacquemin Stéphanie , Koliouli Flora , Kelly-Irving Michelle
Published: March 2018

La précarité est une situation qui n’est pas sans effet sur le devenir et l’être parent et, bien souvent, ce sont les conséquences négatives qui sont mises en avant. Cette catégorisation vise moins à comprendre, à expliquer, qu’à juger. C’est pourquoi nous avons réalisé une revue de la littérature. Après avoir défini les notions de précarité et de parentalité, nous proposons une réflexion sur l’identité parentale et sur les conséquences spécifiques, induites par ce contexte, sur le processus de parentalité : la périnatalité comme période sensible, un investissement moindre dans la parentalité, des stéréotypes de genre et des styles éducatifs propres ainsi qu’une précarité symbolique qui vient s’ajouter à la précarité économique. Pour finir, des pistes potentielles d’intervention pour venir en aide à ces parents, mis à mal notamment par le regard porté sur eux par la société, ainsi que de recherches scientifiques à approfondir sont indiquées.
Images d’expression et de contre-expression dans le changement psychique. Intérêt paradigmatique du Rorschach
Authors: Gaudriault Pierre
Published: March 2018

Des images expressives ont une part active dans le développement psychique ; elles apparaissent, notamment, au cours de la psychothérapie, avec le progrès de la mentalisation. Elles répondent à la triple fonction de représentation, d’enveloppe et de transformation définie par Serge Tisseron, mais il peut y avoir aussi des figurations moins favorables, dites contre-expressives , qui manifestent, au contraire, la perte de sens et la destructivité du sujet. Le Rorschach donne un aperçu de ces images expressives et contre-expressives , qui apparaissent également dans les rêves et les représentations diurnes de sujets en psychothérapie. Des thérapies médiatisées, centrées sur l’utilisation d’images réelles, peuvent permettre de faciliter la relation thérapeutique avec ceux dont le traitement est long et difficile.
Édouard Claparède (1873-1940) et l’orientation professionnelle
Authors: Huteau Michel
Published: March 2018

Édouard Claparède est un des fondateurs de la psychologie scientifique et un pionnier de l’éducation nouvelle. Une partie de son œuvre a été consacrée à l’orientation professionnelle. En 1918 il facilite l’ouverture d’un cabinet d’orientation professionnelle au sein de l’Institut Jean-Jacques Rousseau à Genève. Il est l’organisateur des premiers congrès internationaux de psychologie appliquée où l’on traite alors uniquement d’orientation professionnelle. Enfin, il se livre à une réflexion approfondie de la notion d’aptitude. Comment diagnostiquer les aptitudes ? Sont-elles éducables ?
Le vrai-faux procès du franc CFA
Authors: Jacquemot Pierre
Published: March 2018

Le franc CFA, système monétaire de 15 pays d’Afrique depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et qui a survécu aux indépendances, se trouve mis en question. Le procès est en partie justifié : le franc CFA profite d’abord aux élites rentières. Sa réforme est donc à l’ordre du jour. Elle doit toucher aux symboles qui cristallisent les critiques, mais surtout aux mécanismes qui doivent permettre de mieux financer les économies et contribuer à réduire les facteurs d’inégalités et de pauvreté.
CRISPR-Cas9 : révolutions scientifiques, enjeux stratégiques
Authors: Abis Sébastien , Hollemaert Clémence
Published: March 2018

Technique qui concerne les domaines du vivant, CRISPR-Cas9 revêt un caractère stratégique majeur et présente à la fois des opportunités et des risques. La facilité accrue de son utilisation à des coûts de plus en plus accessibles démocratise l’étude des gènes. Son développement s’avère être au cœur de multiples défis internationaux : scientifiques, technologiques, juridiques, éthiques et géopolitiques. Cet article vise à présenter une innovation méconnue sous un angle instructif et prospectif.
Effect of crushing temperature on virgin olive oil quality and composition
Authors: Kula Ö. , Yıldırım A. , Yorulmaz A. , Duran M. , Mutlu İ. , Kıvrak M.
Published: March 2018

The objective of the current study was to assess the influence of a modified crushing process and kneading operation on the quality parameters, volatile compounds, and the fatty acid and sterol profiles of virgin olive oil from the Edremit yaglik variety. In the study, olive oil samples were produced in two different processes. The first one was produced without malaxation and the second one was produced with the malaxing process. During crushing, the effect of different temperatures was tested. The results demonstrate that different crushing temperatures generally did not affect the amount of free fatty acids, or peroxide value. Total phenol contents were positively affected by the additional malaxation process. Fatty acids and sterol composition were not significantly altered at different crushing temperatures or during the subsequent malaxation application. PCA enabled a clear classification of the oils obtained from different processing techniques.
The effect of microwave pre-treatment of rapeseed on the degradation kinetics of lipophilic bioactive compounds of the oil during storage
Authors: Rękas A. , Siger A. , Wroniak M.
Published: March 2018

This study examined the storage stability of tocochromanols and carotenoids in the oils prepared from microwave pre-treated (MV) rapeseeds (2-10 min, 800W) during storage at 20 °C for 12 months. In line with lipophilic antioxidant degradation throughout the storage period, changes in the antioxidant capacity of the oil were monitored. Microwaving significantly affected the concentration of lipophilic antioxidants in the oil. After 10 min of MV pre-treatment the highest content of total tocochromanols (76.64 mg/100g) was achieved, whereas a maximum carotenoid concentration (861.28 μg/100g) was obtained following 6 min seed MV pre-treatment. The degradation kinetics for the tocochromanols and carotenoids followed a zero-order kinetic model. From the kinetic analysis, it was shown that the degradation rate constant (k) of both tocochromanols and carotenoids decreased with longer seed exposure to MV radiation. The kinetics of antioxidant capacity degradation during the storage of oils followed a zero-order reaction. The rate of antioxidant capacity degradation in the control oil was higher (k=9.1 x 10-2 mmol TEAC/l/month) compared with oils prepared from MV pre-treated seeds (k=6.8-8.0 x 10-2 mmol TEAC/l/month).
Use of Echium oil fatty acids and tricaprylin as substrates of enzymatic interesterification for the production of structured lipids
Authors: Yüksel A. , Şahin-Yeşilçubuk N.
Published: March 2018

Structured lipids (SLs) were produced from the free fatty acids of Echium oil and tricaprylin by enzymatic acidolysis reactions. Lipozyme® RM IM, immobilized sn-1,3 specific lipase was used in the enzymatic reactions. In order to optimize the incorporation of stearidonic acid (SDA), three factors were chosen [Reaction temperature (50-60 ºC), reaction time (6-12 hour) and substrate molar ratio (3-6 mol/mol (total free fatty acids/tricaprylin)] for the application of response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite circumscribed design (CCC) with five levels. The optimum temperature, time and substrate molar ratio obtained from the models were 60 ºC; 6 h, 6 mol/mol, respectively. Furthermore, SLs with 6.2% SDA content at sn-2 position were produced by scaling up the process. SL was obtained with nearly 78-79% of long-chain fatty acids at the sn-2 position. According to the melting profile analysis, the melting peaks of tricaprylin and Echium oil were sharper and narrower while the SL had more broadened peaks.
Montane-breeding Bird Distribution and Abundance Across National Parks of Southwestern Alaska
Authors: Amundson Courtney L. , Handel Colleen M. , Ruthrauff Daniel R. , Tibbitts T. Lee , Gill Robert E.
Published: March 2018

Between 2004 and 2008, biologists conducted an inventory of breeding birds during May–June primarily in montane areas (>100 m above sea level) of Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve (Aniakchak NMP), Katmai National Park and Preserve (Katmai NPP), and Lake Clark National Park and Preserve (Lake Clark NPP) in southwestern Alaska. Observers conducted 1,021 point counts along 169 transects within 63 10-km × 10-km plots that were randomly selected and stratified by ecological subsection. We created hierarchical N-mixture models to estimate detection probability and abundance for 15 species, including 12 passerines, 2 galliforms, and 1 shorebird. We first modeled detection probability relative to observer, date within season, and proportion of dense vegetation cover around the point, then modeled abundance as a function of land cover composition (proportion of seven coarse-scale land cover types) within 300 m of the survey point. Land cover relationships varied widely among species but most showed selection for low to tall shrubs (0.2–5 m tall) and an avoidance of alpine and dwarf shrub–herbaceous cover types. After adjusting for species not observed, we estimated a minimum of 107 ± 9 species bred in the areas surveyed within the three parks combined. Species richness was negatively associated with elevation and associated land cover types. At comparable levels of survey effort (n = 721 birds detected), species richness was greatest in Lake Clark NPP (75 ± 12 species), lowest in Aniakchak NMP (45 ± 6 species), and intermediate at Katmai NPP (59 ± 10 species). Species richness was similar at equivalent survey effort (n = 973 birds detected) within the Lime Hills, Alaska Range, and Alaska Peninsula ecoregions (68 ± 8; 79 ± 11; 67 ± 11, respectively). Species composition was similar across all three parks and across the three major ecoregions (Alaska Range, Alaska Peninsula, Lime Hills) that encompass them. Our results provide baseline estimates of relative abundance and models of abundance and species richness relative to land cover that can be used to assess future changes in avian distribution. Additionally, these subarctic montane parks may serve as signals of landscape change and barometers for the assessment of population and distributional changes as a result of warming temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.
Statistical and Computational Needs for Big Data Challenges
Authors: Sedkaoui Soraya
Published: March 2018

The traditional way of formatting information from transactional systems to make them available for “statistical processing” does not work in a situation where data is arriving in huge volumes from diverse sources, and where even the formats could be changing. Faced with this volume and diversification, it is essential to develop techniques to make best use of all of these stocks in order to extract the maximum amount of information and knowledge. Traditional analysis methods have been based largely on the assumption that statisticians can work with data within the confines of their own computing environment. But the growth of the amounts of data is changing that paradigm, especially which ride of the progress in computational data analysis. This chapter builds upon sources but also goes further in the examination to answer this question: What needs to be done in this area to deal with big data challenges?
Usage of Big Data Prediction Techniques for Predictive Analysis in HIV/AIDS
Authors: Mohapatra Chinmayee , Acharya Biswaranjan , Rautaray Siddhath Swarup , Pandey Manjusha
Published: March 2018

The term big data refers to the data that exceeds the processing or analyzing capacity of existing database management systems. The inability of existing DBMS to handle big data is due to its large volume, high velocity, pertaining veracity, heterogeneous variety, and on-atomic values. Nowadays, healthcare plays a vital role in everyone's life. It becomes a very large and open platform for everyone to do all kinds of research work without affecting human life. When it comes to disease, there are so many types found all over the world. But among them, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a disease that spreads so quickly and can easily turn life to death. There are many studies going on to create drugs to cure this deadly disease, but until now, there has been no success. In cases such as this, big data is implemented for better a result, which will have a good impact on society.
Computational and Data Mining Perspectives on HIV/AIDS in Big Data Era
Authors: Al Mazari Ali
Published: March 2018

HIV/AIDS big data analytics evolved as a potential initiative enabling the connection between three major scientific disciplines: (1) the HIV biology emergence and evolution; (2) the clinical and medical complex problems and practices associated with the infections and diseases; and (3) the computational methods for the mining of HIV/AIDS biological, medical, and clinical big data. This chapter provides a review on the computational and data mining perspectives on HIV/AIDS in big data era. The chapter focuses on the research opportunities in this domain, identifies the challenges facing the development of big data analytics in HIV/AIDS domain, and then highlights the future research directions of big data in the healthcare sector.
Air Pollution in Asia and Its Effect on Human Health
Authors: Gezerman Ahmet Ozan , Çorbacıoğlu Burcu Didem
Published: March 2018

Although continuous efforts to monitor and mitigate air pollution are being made, it is still prevalent in most countries in the world. Major contributors include fossil fuel exhaust in metropolitan cities from industrial facilities and vehicular emissions. Use of renewable energy and natural gas have played a part in reducing air pollution; however, increasing populations, rampant urbanization, and industrialization, especially during winter months, have given rise to spikes in air pollution levels. Research shows that there is a close relationship between air pollution and mortality rates depending on respiration inadequacy. Studies show that contaminants increase respiratory afflictions in humans. Discontinuing use of fossil fuels, using appropriate burning techniques, and efficiency emission controls on vehicles have been proven to reduce air pollution levels.
Millennial Culture and Its Reluctant Acceptance of Modern News Media
Authors: Sadri Sean R.
Published: March 2018

The growth of new media has caused dramatic changes in the types of news stories millennials are consuming. A new media phenomenon that has become ubiquitous throughout the media landscape are listicles (or articles that are simply lists and offer arguably less journalistic value than traditional articles). Millennial culture has embraced listicles and made BuzzFeed one of the most popular websites on the internet. This chapter examines millennial media habits and ways news credibility is evolving with the preferences of this digital native generation. Using a sample population of millennials, the author's own study sought to better understand their information-seeking behavior and the online and offline media sources millennials use regularly. Additionally, an experiment was conducted to determine which online article format is considered more credible to millennials: traditional articles or listicles. Analysis revealed that article format was an important factor in credibility ratings as participants found the listicle to be significantly more credible than the traditional article.
A Critical Discourse Analysis of “Minority Women for Trump” Campaigns on Social Media
Authors: Sun Wei
Published: March 2018

Political communication in the digital age has brought new insights and challenges to American citizens across parties, genders, and ethnicity. The 2016 Presidential election has drawn global attention just as previous US presidential campaigns. Moreover, with two opposing and controversial candidates for the presidency, voters are divided across a wide range of issues. This chapter is interested in various minority women for Trump campaigns on social media sites, in the time frame when Trump's lewd comments about women were made headlines before the third Presidential Debate until Election Day. Selective and sampled posts from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are analyzed. How did minority women position themselves in Trump's campaign on social media discourse? How did minority women make decisions to support Trump's campaign? How did minority women relate to Trump's lewd comments about women? These research questions are answered to offer readers insights of minority women's political engagement.
Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Basha Syed Muzamil , Rajput Dharmendra Singh
Published: March 2018

E-commerce has become a daily activity in human life. In it, the opinion and past experience related to particular product of others is playing a prominent role in selecting the product from the online market. In this chapter, the authors consider Tweets as a point of source to express users' emotions on particular subjects. This is scored with different sentiment scoring techniques. Since the patterns used in social media are relatively short, exact matches are uncommon, and taking advantage of partial matches allows one to significantly improve the accuracy of analysis on sentiments. The authors also focus on applying artificial neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to train the model for better opinion mining. The scored sentiments are then classified using machine learning algorithms like support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, and naive Bayes.
Management and Monitoring Patterns and Future Scope
Authors: Kashyap Ramgopal , Gautam Pratima , Tiwari Vivek
Published: March 2018

Extricating information from expansive, heterogeneous, and loud datasets requires capable processing assets, as well as the programming reflections to utilize them successfully. The deliberations that have risen in the most recent decade mix thoughts from parallel databases, dispersed frameworks, and programming dialects to make another class of adaptable information investigation stages that shape the establishment of information science. In this chapter, the scene of important frameworks, the standards on which they depend, their tradeoffs, and how to assess their utility against prerequisites are given.
The Role of Strategic Thinking Capability of Leaders in Solving Organizational Conflicts
Authors: Ağraş Süleyman
Published: March 2018

The aim of this chapter is to discuss the role of strategic thinking capability of leaders in managing organizational conflicts. The basic discussion in this chapter is strategic thinking capability of leaders plays a crucial role in the anticipation of conflicts and minimization of negative effects of it in the work life. The focus is on strategic thinking, its theoretical background, dimensions, why it is important for every leader and the importance of strategic thinking in conflict management. The study is based on the opinions of the managers in a public institution, the internal structure of the conflicts of the institution, the reason for the emergence of conflicts and the methods that the managers adopted in the conflicts are discussed. According to the theoretical discussions and practical determinations made in this study; organizational conflicts affect negatively the strategic thinking capacity of leaders and institutions, as well as mastery of leaders in thinking strategically plays an active role in the management of conflicts.
Functional Starter Cultures for Fermented Dairy Products
Authors: Pophaly Sarang Dilip , Chauhan Manorama , Lule Vaibhao , Sarang Poonam , Tarak Jitesh , Thakur Kiran , Tomar Sudhir Kumar
Published: March 2018

Fermented dairy products are known for their high nutritional and therapeutic value and are also having excellent sensory characteristics, which make them popular throughout the world. Most of the characteristics of fermented products can be attributed to the activity of their starter culture. The starter microorganisms, in the course of their metabolism, elaborate various compounds and enzymes, which impart desirable properties to the product. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common starter bacterial group used extensively in fermentation of dairy products. Lactic acid bacteria synthesize different compounds belonging to classes of organic acids, gases, bacteriocins, flavoring agents, biothickners, nutrients, etc. Molecules within each class vary for each species and even within strains. The functionalities from such novel starter cultures include improved nutritional value, sensory characteristics, and therapeutic benefits. These starter cultures are thus important for development of functional fermented and probiotic products. This chapter explores functional starter cultures for fermented dairy products.