bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coins from the Bed of the Walbrook, and their Significance
Authors: Merrifield Ralph
Published: November 2011

During the builders' excavation for Bucklersbury House, Walbrook, in the City of London, carried out in 1955, an immense clearance was made to a great depth in the natural soils underlying the man-made levels of London. Before this took place, scientific excavation in a limited area by Professor W. F. Grimes, on behalf of the Roman and Mediaeval London Excavation Council, had attracted a great deal of attention to the site, both from archaeologists and from the general public. His most spectacular discovery was the Temple of Mithras, which lay on the eastern edge of the site, adjoining the modern street of Walbrook. Almost of equal interest, however, to the student of Roman London, was his location of the Roman streambed of the Walbrook, which flowed in a southerly direction immediately to the west of the Temple of Mithras, about 30 yds. west of the street of Walbrook. The stream was subject to silting and its bed steadily rose, forming a thick deposit of black mud, which had an extraordinarily preservative effect on objects of metal which had been dropped in it from the banks. Iron was completely unrusted, while copper and bronze remained shining and bright.
A Greek Stele in Dublin
Authors: O'Connor Cynthia , Cook B. F.
Published: November 2011

An inscribed Attic marble grave stele of the fourth century B.C. with a family group of four persons in relief has recently come to light near Dublin in what was in the eighteenth-century part of an estate belonging to the first Earl of Charlemont. The stele itself and its place in Charlemont's collection are discussed.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Myres J. N. L.
Published: November 2011

In the course of my Anniversary Address last year I welcomed the appointment of Professor Donald Strong as our new Secretary. We were all looking forward with confidence to his succession, for he had, as I then put it, exactly the qualities and the experience to fill the post with distinction. His sudden death in Turkey on 21 September last extinguished these hopes before he had the time to make the happy impact on the Society's affairs which we were all expecting. His loss has been universally mourned both professionally and personally by his very extensive circle of colleagues and friends, but it will be felt nowhere more acutely than in this room, where so much in the conduct of our business has always depended on the occupant of the Secretary's chair. We have been very fortunate in persuading Dr. Ian Longworth, Keeper of Prehistoric and Romano-British Antiquities in the British Museum, to take this vacant seat, and we look forward to the reinforcement which his presence there will provide both generally and in handling those concerns of prehistoric archaeology which are his main field of professional interest.
Medieval Horned and Polled Sheep: The Archaeological and Iconographic Evidence
Authors: Armitage Philip L. , Goodall John A.
Published: November 2011

The discovery of a large number of sheep bones at Baynard's Castle prompted a re-examination of the evidence for the appearance of the late medieval sheep. Previous studies have been based on a miscellaneous collection of depictions from various countries and media without attempting to distinguish which of them were copied from older pattern books. The sheep placed at the feet of woolmen on their brasses could not have been derived from existing patterns and their reliability as evidence for the appearance of the contemporary sheep was confirmed by comparing them with surviving bones. The present state of the evidence suggests that there were no marked regional variations in the sheep at this period; however, much more material needs to be examined but the methods used for this survey could be applied to other species.
The Incised Architectural Drawings of Trogir Cathedral
Authors: Gibson Sheila , Ward-Perkins Bryan
Published: November 2011

The roofs over both aisles of the thirteenth-century cathedral at Trogir in Jugoslavia are covered in incised full-scale architectural drawings. These can be related to a number of fifteenth- and sixteenth-century additions to the cathedral: above all, the sacristy (1453–5), the baptistry by Andrea Alessi (1467), the Chapel of St. John by Andrea Alessi and Nicolò Fiorentino (1468–88), and the final storey and spire of the tower by Trifun Bokanit (1598–1610). There are drawings of three different kinds: some are early projects, some for working out at full scale problems of adapting decoration to fit an awkward space, and some to help produce templates for cutting the stone blocks.
The Excavation of the Bee Low Round Cairn, Youlgreave, Derbyshire
Authors: Marsden Barry M.
Published: November 2011

There has been little investigation into the beaker period in the Derbyshire Peak District since Thomas Bateman's activities between 1843–60. This paper describes the excavation, between 1966–8, of Bee Low, a beaker round cairn imperfectly examined by Bateman in 1843 and 1851. The excavation produced evidence of almost continuous usage of the mound by beaker and later communities over a period of some 300 years. The earliest burials (c. 1700 B.C.) were a collective group of six or more inhumations in a stone cist with an All-Over-Cord beaker, a pottery type hitherto unrepresented in the Peak. In all, twenty-three inhumations and five cremations were recorded from the cairn, with further beakers of types N2 (Developed Northern), S2 (Developed Southern), and S4 (Final Southern), the last a further type not previously recorded with certainty in beaker contexts in the area. Burial customs included collective, crouched, and disarticulated interment. Only one inhumation had a metal association—a bronze awl—but two cremations were provided with bronzes, an awl and a small riveted knife. The excavation of this miniature necropolis has added considerably to present knowledge of the Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age cultures of the Peak.
The Recent Discovery of Gold Pins in the Ridgeway Gold Pommel
Authors: Taylor Joan J.
Published: November 2011

Seven gold pins noticed recently in place in the Ridgeway gold pommel form the only British example of exclusively functional gold pins dated to the Wessex period. The Hameldon Down pommel repair, although functional was also decorative. A Breton parallel from La-Garenne, Morbihan, is the only other instance of purely functional pin use and still has two pins in situ with their heads hidden by the continuous decoration of the piece. The Ridgeway pommel's shape and associations suggest that, like La-Garenne, it is late in the pin typology. Both may be from contemporary graves, which if not transitional Wessex I/ Wessex II, might be early Wessex II.
Early Finds of Irish Antiquities: From the Minute-Books of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Authors: Herity Michael
Published: November 2011

A search for early antiquarian records of Irish finds has revealed much fresh information in the Minute-books and other archives of this Society, giving excellent records of hitherto unpublished material, and adding new information on already known objects. The material discussed was found mainly in the half-century from 1720 to 1770. Prominent Irish antiquaries and antiquarian societies of the period are mentioned, and a discussion of their views on this material is included.

Two spectacular gold objects, a fibula with wreathed bow found in Co. Galway, and a Melfort-type armlet found in a burial-cist at Whitfield, near Waterford city, are illustrated, and the valuable associative and contextual evidence from the Society's archives is cited and discussed. Drawings and descriptions of several other objects, mainly of gold and bronze, are also given.

The active investigation of this rather neglected avenue of discovery has yielded good results, and is a potentially valuable source of new archaeological material and information.
A Palstave and Amber Bead from Colchester, Essex
Authors: Davies D. Gareth
Published: November 2011

The removal in 1937 of a hedge bank on the west side of Glen Avenue, Colchester, close by the footpath through Glebe Farm (N.G. Ref. TL 976253) led to the discovery of a small palstave with an amber bead adhering to the septum floor (Colchester and Essex Museum, Ace. No. 916. 1937; see pl. 1). Presumably, the palstave and associated bead came from the soil in the adjacent field from which the hedge bank was doubtless constructed.
Crop-Mark Sites at Mucking, Essex
Authors: Jones M. U. , Evison V. I. , Myres J. N. L.
Published: November 2011

The purpose of this paper is briefly to make known investigation of an area of Thames terrace gravel in Essex (at N.G.R. TQ 673 803) before its rapid destruction by quarrying (pi. XLVII and figs. 1 and 2). With work still continuing, and with the bulk of the finds and records yet to be synthesized, archaeological observations must necessarily be provisional.
The Excavation of the Roman Spring at Bath 1979: a Preliminary Description
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

A limited excavation was undertaken in the Roman reservoir beneath the medieval King's Bath which lies in the centre of Bath. The reservoir had been partially cleaned in 1878 but the lower filling remained in position. Structural details were recovered, sufficient to show the different stages in the reservoir's construction: part of its vaulted roof, added later, was also found. The finds included coins, pewter curses, silver and pewter vessels and other trinkets dedicated to the goddess Sulis Minerva. The subsequent development of the site from the medieval period to the nineteenth century is briefly noted. Future work on the temple precinct beneath the Pump Room is outlined.
The Roper Chantry in St. Dunstan's Church, Canterbury
Authors: Tatton-Brown Tim
Published: November 2011

In July 1978 the main burial vault of the Roper family in the medieval chantry chapel of St. Nicholas at St. Dunstan's church, Canterbury, was opened to enable a complete record of its contents to be made by members of the Canterbury Archaeological Trust. This marked the 500th anniversary of the birth of the martyr Sir Thomas More (related by marriage to the Roper family), whose head was believed to be contained in the vault.
Dame Joan Evans: Memorial address
Authors: Brooke C. N. L.
Published: November 2011

We are met today to do honour to the memory of Dame Joan Evans, Gold Medallist and former President of the Society of Antiquaries, President also of the Royal Archaeological Institute and the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society; Honorary Fellow of St. Hugh's College, Oxford, and Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur; a distinguished scholar and author; a very notable collector of jewels and gems; a generous benefactor of many good causes, of many individual students and scholars; to many of us above all a loyal and generous friend.
Cirencester, 1973–6: Tenth Interim Report
Authors: McWhirr Alan D.
Published: November 2011

The present phase of the rescue excavations caused by the construction of the Cirencester relief road has ended and this interim report includes details of excavations during 1973–6. Work outside the town on the roads, cemeteries, and a building shows extensive use and a new alignment for the Fosse Way. The Bath Gate has been located and partly examined. Work within the town has added to the understanding of the military occupation, revised the position of some streets and found a new public building south of the basilica. In insula XII a farm has been identified. The north aisle wall of St. John's Hospital has been found, showing it to be a hall with nave and two aisles.
Investigations at Asheldham, Essex. An Interim Report on the Church and the Historic Landscape
Authors: Drury P. J. , Rodwell W. J.
Published: November 2011

Excavations in the church and churchyard at Asheldham revealed a complex series of building phases preceding the existing structure. Domestic occupation of the middle and late Saxon periods was followed by a timber building, interpreted as a church, with associated graves. The early structures were built alongside and aligned on a Roman road, and the cemetery associated with the first (Norman) masonry church encroached on this road, causing its diversion. The excavation of this key site has demonstrated the likely Roman date of an extensive road and field system which survives throughout the Dengie peninsula. A preliminary discussion of the historic landscape and its future potential for study is offered.
Excavation of a homestead of the Roman era at Halangy Down, St. Mary's, Isles of Scilly, 1950
Authors: Ashbee Paul
Published: November 2011

Halangy Down (fig. 1) is the lower precipitous slope of the decline from Telegraph Hill (Ordnance Survey B.M. 166. 3 ft.) to the sea at Halangy Porth and Point. Halangy Down and the earlier chambered tomb upon the crest are often referred to locally as ‘Bants Carn’. The true ‘Bants Carn’ is a considerable rock outcrop dominating Halangy Point. This escarpment faces Crow Sound, which separates the north-west part of St. Mary's from the neighbouring island of Tresco. The hill-side is sheltered by the mass of Telegraph Hill from inclement weather from the north-east and east, but is fully exposed to the south-west and west.

The existence of an ancient village site here has long been known in the islands. At the close of the last century, the late Alexander Gibson cleared away the underbrush from one of the more prominent huts and made a photographic record of its construction. Shortly after, the late G. Bonsor, of Mairena del Alcor, near Seville, in addition to excavating the chambered tomb, noted a considerable midden together with traces, of prehistoric occupation exposed in the cliffs of Halangy Porth just below the village site. Dr. H. O'Neill Hencken noted Bonsor's description of the midden, and, as nothing was known at the time of the material culture of the ‘village’, he associated the two.
Excavations at Mucking, Essex: A Second Interim Report
Authors: Jones M. U.
Published: November 2011

This second interim report on a multi-period settlement palimpsest being rescued from annihilation by quarrying for gravel demonstrates that crop-marks are site indicators, not site plans. A sample area even as large as 650 × 500 feet square, containing Belgic, Romano-British, and early Saxon settlement features and parts of two cemeteries cannot be understood out of context. Extensive plans emphasize that successive landscapes share a preference for strategic siting on this gravel terrace at the head of the Thames estuary. The validity of presupposing a wholesale transfer of continental settlement types from the known ‘invasion’ of the Migration period is questioned. The archaeological evidence for the two main house types at Mucking—round and sunken—is described.
Three Grinding-Stones
Authors: Lacaille A. D.
Published: November 2011

In March 1961, while inducting Mr. Inigo Jones into the wardenship of the Fyfield Down National Nature Reserve, I showed him the cup-markings I had found in the preceding spring on a sarsen in Delling Penning, not far without the reserve but on the same Wiltshire high ground. Appreciating his interest in these recondite prehistoric sculpturings and in the published account thereon that followed my report to the Society of Antiquaries, I asked Mr. Jones to let me know of any comparable or other markings that might strike him while patrolling the downland as outside the range of natural pittings and scorings that occur on so many of the Grey Wethers.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wormald Francis
Published: November 2011

The pleasure at the honour that you have done me in electing me to the high office of the Presidency is, I must confess, saddened when I remember that this great distinction has come to me before its appointed time. Ian Richmond's death has been spoken of and written about. His death was indeed untimely and has robbed the Society of one who gave promise of being a great President; for he was a humanist in the best sense of that much misused word: one whose studies and whose life enhanced the dignity of man. He was wise in council and deep in his love of the Society. Therefore, when I was elected to his place, I was glad and relieved that there were many experienced and well-tried members of the Society on the Council to support me. In particular I would like to offer my special thanks to Professor Sheppard Frere, who as Senior Vice-President had much business to carry out, and whose kindness I shall always remember with gratitude. My election also caused a vacancy in the Directorship, a post of great responsibility and importance. It is, therefore, with particular pleasure that I am able to welcome Dr. Nowell Myres as my successor. His great administrative experience as well as his scholarship are what the office requires most and it is a joy that he has, as it were, come home just at this time.
Excavations at Winchester 1968: Seventh Interim Report
Authors: Biddle Martin
Published: November 2011

Roman, Saxon, and medieval levels were examined in 1968. At Castle Yard the north end of the Norman andlater castle was uncovered. At Lankhills fifty fourth-century graves were excavated. In Lower Brook Street open-area excavation was continued into mid thirteenth-century levels on four house-plots and on St. Mary's Church, where twelve phases can now be recognized between c. 1250 and c. 1470. St. Pancras Church was located. On the Cathedral site no Belgic occupation was found. A late second- to early third-century addition to the forum was excavated, and much of its painted wall-plaster recovered. The structure was abandoned c. A.D. 300. A laterally apsed tenth-century crossing was found in the Old Minster linking two earlier buildings. After his translation in gjl from outside the church, St. Swithun's shrine appears to have stood within this link-building. At Wolvesey Roman buildings were excavated, and additions were made to the plan of the Norman palace. A second halljchamber-block of c. 1129–35 has been planned. In an appendix D. M. Wilson considers an important decorated bronze strap-end of c. A.D. 1000 found on the Old Minster site.
The Medieval Parsonage House, Coningsby, Lincolnshire
Authors: Barley M. W. , Rogers A. , Strange P.
Published: November 2011

This house is shown, from both structural and documentary evidence, to have been built c. 1345 by William Hillary, a rector with Staffordshire connections. Of his work enough remains to show that it was of aisled design, with an open service bay at the lower end; the two-bay hall had a base-cruck truss. The surviving woodwork is of very high quality. The two-storey cross wing, later than the hall and originally timber-framed, is cased in brick, and this brickwork is ascribed, on both docu mentary and archaeological evidence, to yohn Croxby, rector 1460–92 and namesake of the first clerk of works of Tattershall Castle.

The later alterations to the house are worked out from structural and documentary evidence (terriers, probate inventories); later rectors, including two minor Georgian poets, are described. The paper is illustrated by plans, sections, reconstructions and photographs. It concludes with a distribution map of base-cruck halls and comments on the social context of this type of construction. Dr. Rogers has contributed the historical evidence in this paper; the other authors are responsible for the account of the structure.
Bernard van Orley and Malines: The Dido and Aeneas Tapestries at Hampton Court
Authors: Wayment H. G.
Published: November 2011

The designs of the early sixteenth-century series of five tapestries on the story of Dido and Aeneas at Hampton Court Palace {Collection of H.M. the Queen) were tentatively ascribed by A. E. Popham in 1926, and following him by K. T. Parker, to ‘Aert Ortkens’. But the drawings attributed to Ortkens by successive writers since Friedländer (1921) can now be shown to represent the production of the Malines school of designers for glass and tapestry during the first third of the sixteenth century, and to include a number of early sketches by Bernard van Orley. The article suggests how the design of the second tapestry of the Dido and Aeneas seriesfitsinto van Orley's œuvre, and refers the others to minor masters of the Malines—Brussels circle round van Orley and the brothers Adrian and Peter van den Houte of Malines.
Early Anglo-Saxon Applied Disc Brooches. Part II: in England
Authors: Evison Vera I.
Published: November 2011

The development of the earliest Germanic applied disc brooches is followed from their beginning in the Elbe valley to the fifth century in England. Third-century types constructed with rivets on a flat background were produced in the Elbe valley, giving way in the fourth century to a type soldered on to a concave base, and they spread to the middle and lower Elbe valley, to Holland, the Rhineland, Belgium, and northern France, increasing in numbers at the end of the fourth century, but not surviving the fifth century. The main designs were concentric circles, star, floriate cross, scrolls, and animal ornament.

The series goes on in England without any break in continuity of form or decoration, and the earliest types belong to the fifth century, mainly the first half. With the densest concentration in the Upper Thames area, they are otherwise mostly distributed south of the Thames with some along the Icknield Way. As they are associated with a post-Roman stage of metalwork, the Quoit Brooch Style, they must indicate Germanic settlements, no doubt mercenary in the earliest stages.
A Tudor Organ-Case at Appleby-in-Westmorland
Authors: Holmes M. R.
Published: November 2011

When the town organ in the parish church of Appleby-in-Westmorland was damaged by flooding and had to be dismantled for repair and restoration, it was found that the pipes and stops of the Great Organ were practically contemporary, and must date from the instrument's existence in Carlisle Cathedral before its transference to Appleby in 1683. Certain unusual features in the flats were found to have a parallel in a Sienese organ of 1510 or thereabouts, and consideration of this latter instrument showed that a series of carved open-work panels, now incorporated in other fittings in the church, had been part of the original organ-case, a certain asymmetry in the topmost panel being designed to correspond with the irregular centring of the appropriate bay in the quire at Carlisle. Certain heraldic evidence in the ornamentation points to a date between 1542 and 1547, and the present form of the organ was influenced by its transfer to Appleby in 1683—quite possibly under the supervision of the famous ‘Father’ Smith—and its eventual erection under distinguished patronage in 1722.
Dragonesque Fibulae
Authors: Feachem R. W. de F.
Published: November 2011

Since the publication of Mr. William Bulmer's paper in 1938 (Antiq. Journ. xviii, 146 f.) several dragonesque fibulae have been found and others—mentioned, but not illustrated, in earlier publications—have been re-located. In figs. 2 to 8 below, the numbers given by Mr. Bulmer to the forty-six fibulae described in his paper are retained; of these, eight were not then illustrated (C5, 18 to 24). The nineteen fibulae additional to the original forty-six are now numbered from 25 to 43. Illustrations are also given, in fig. 9, of certain S-shaped fibulae, three of which were also described by Mr. Bulmer (8, 9, 12).

In the complete list below, the fibulae are grouped under the names of the counties or countries in which they were found, and their present location, where known, is shown in the first column: the number of the fibula follows, with references to publications where these are known to exist.
Excavations at Kouklia (Old Paphos), Cyprus, 1950
Authors: Mitford T. B. , Iliffe J. H.
Published: November 2011

In June and July 1950 a trial excavation of four weeks' duration was carried out at the site of Old Paphos (Palaepaphos) in Cyprus, a city renowned for its Temple of Aphrodite, erected, it was said, to commemorate her legendary birth off-shore from the foam of the sea, and her landing there. The site is occupied today by the small village of Kouklia, and lies on a bluff of soft limestone dropping steeply to a coastal plain which here narrows to the width of something like a mile. It is situated in the south-west of Cyprus, nine miles to the south-east of Ktima (map reference 3217 on sheet 2 of the 1/50,000 Map of Cyprus).
The Castle of St. Georges-d'Espéranche
Authors: Taylor A. J.
Published: November 2011

The castle of St. Georges-d'Espéranche has a direct and immediate interest for English readers as being the place where, on 25th June 1273, Count Philip of Savoy rendered homage to his great-nephew, the as yet uncrowned King Edward I, for the Alpine passes and towns which, by an arrangement dating from 1246, were held by the counts of Savoy of the kings of England. Amongst those noted as being present with the king on that occasion were Otto de Grandison, John de Vescy, and Roger de Clifford; these men had been in Edward's company on the crusade from which he was then returning and, a few years later, were to play prominent parts in the English wars and settlement in Wales. Others who were probably there were Robert de Tibetot, the future justiciar of west Wales, and Payn de Chaworth, lord of Kidwelly, who in 1277 was to be captain of the English army in west Wales and who, at about that date, rebuilt the inner ward of Kidwelly Castle. St. Georges is interesting, however, not only as the scene of this vividly recorded incident of the king's travels, but also because the castle itself is a building which may not be unrelated, through its builders and the personal familiarity with it of Edward, Edmund of Lancaster, and their confidantes, to the new castles built in Wales in the last quarter of the thirteenth century.
Flint Implements from Gloucestershire
Authors: Clifford E. M. , Garrod D. A. E. , Gracie H. S.
Published: November 2011

Palaeolithic flint implements from the Severn gravels are very rare, and therefore attention is here drawn to the series found in the neighbourhood of Barnwood, Glos. Some of these have already been published with comments by the Abbé Breuil and Reginald Smith, but others are here published for the first time.
New light on the Alfred Jewel
Authors: Rice D. Talbot
Published: November 2011

The Alfred Jewel in the Ashmolean Museum has received attention on numerous occasions; the most recent and most complete publication is that by Miss J. R. Kirk, issued by the Museum in the form of a ‘guide’. A full bibliography is there given. The figure in enamel on the obverse has been variously described by different authorities as Christ, the pope, some saint, or even Alfred himself (pl. xv a). Earlier parallels for its iconography have been cited, and Miss Kirk notes several instances in Celtic art, where similar figures are to be found, as well as a textile from Akhmin, in the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, which bears the bust of a figure holding two wands in a similar position. In connexion with it she cites a suggestion put forward by Dalton that the idea of this figure holding two wands was modelled on that of the Egyptian god Osiris, who assumes a very similar position. More recently Dr. Schramm has attempted to explain the two staffs as a sceptre and a ‘baculum’, twin insignia of rule. Though Dr. Schramm's explanation is reasonable, and the ultimate derivation of the theme from an ancient Egyptian model seems perfectly possible, the more immediate ancestry of the jewel's decoration is hardly accounted for by these explanations, and what seems to the writer a more convincing iconographical prototype is here proposed. It is that the figure represents a portion of a theme which was very popular in East and West alike from the tenth century onwards, namely the ‘Ascent of Alexander’.
Excavations at Verulamium 1959. Fifth Interim Report
Authors: Frere S. S.
Published: November 2011

The fifth season of the current Verulamium Excavations lasted from 29th July to 23rd September 1959, a period of 8 weeks of exceptionally dry weather. Work was done on a slightly smaller scale than previously, the highest daily number of helpers being about 75. The main work was undertaken in insulae XIV, XXI, XXVII, and XXVIII; in addition a trench was cut in the Theatre and another through the defences on the north-east side of insula XVIII.
A Roman brooch from the Outer Hebrides, with notes on others of its type
Authors: Richardson K. M.
Published: November 2011

In 1956 excavations were carried out by the Ministry of Works in Ben Becula and South Uist, Outer Hebrides, on sites lying within the area of the projected Rocket Range. Not long after the end of the season, one of the workmen who had been engaged on the excavations handed in a fibula said to have been found when filling in (fig. 1, 1, and pl. XXXVIb). Although the site from which it was recovered could not be ascertained, it seems not unlikely that this was one of those examined in 1956. The brooch was sent to the British Museum Research Laboratory for examination and the following technical report on the metals of which it is composed and its craftsmanship is of particular interest.
Winterton Roman Villa: An Interim Report
Authors: Stead I. M.
Published: November 2011

Winterton Roman villa (SE. 911182) has been known since the eighteenth century, when mosaic pavements from the site were recorded first by Charles Mitley and later by William Fowler. Only five miles north of Scunthorpe, the site (fig. 1) lies on the North Lincolnshire ironstone deposits, and the villa will ultimately be destroyed by opencast mining. In view of this threat, the Inspectorate of Ancient Monuments, Ministry of Public Building and Works, carried out a series of small-scale excavations between 1958 and 1961; in 1963 these excavations were resumed on a larger scale, and it is hoped that all the buildings will be excavated before the threat materializes. Much more remains to be done, but in view of the time already spent on the work it was felt that an interim report was called for.
A Bronze Age Settlement at Chalton, Hants (Site 78)
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

Road works in 1968 led to the excavation of an unenclosed Bronze Age farm at SU 717181. Two circular huts, 23 ft. and 14 ft. in diameter, were uncovered together with two ‘working platforms’ and three pits. Stratified finds included pottery, a loom weight, a whetstone, an unlooped low-flanged palstave, a bronze knife, an awl, and a conical fitting, all pointing to a date within the Middle Bronze Age. Tentative estimates might suggest a single family unit of approximately four people, farming about 16 acres of arable. The farm appears to have been in use for only a short time.
The Saxon Culture-Sequence at Portchester Castle
Authors: Cunliffe Barry
Published: November 2011

Excavations at Portchester Castle have produced evidence of occupation throughout the Saxon period. After the cessation of standard Roman wares and local hand-made types early in the fifth century two Grubenhäuser were built. The contemporary assemblage, assignable to the mid fifth century, included (?) imported carinated bowls and local hand-made grass-tempered wares made in the Roman tradition. Late in the fifth or early in the sixth century stamped Saxon urns appear and probably continue, alongside the grass-tempered tradition, into the seventh century. An association of a grass-tempered pot with an imported glass vessel of eighth-century date shows that the local tradition persisted, but by the middle of the eighth century hand-made jars in gritty fabrics, like those from Hamwih, appear in a substantial rubbish deposit which belongs to the initial occupation of the hall complex. By the tenth century a new style of wheel-thrown pottery, called here Portchester ware, is dominant. It is mass produced and distributed largely from the Isle of Wight to central Hampshire and from the Sussex border to the River Mean. Contemporary forms include imported wares, green-glazed pitchers, pots from the Chichester region, and an assemblage made in a wheel-made continuation of the local gritty-fabric tradition. Portchester ware had gone out of use by 1100 at the latest.
An Iron Age Spout From Kirmington, Lincolnshire
Authors: May Jeffrey
Published: November 2011

A bronze spout in the form of an ox-head, of high artistic quality, was found on the surface of a ploughed field at Kirmington, Lincolnshire. By analogy, it probably fitted a strainer-bowl, and should date to c. 50 B.C. to A.D. 50.
The Hallstatt Cemetery and its Documentation: Some New Evidence
Authors: Barth Fritz Eckart , Hodson Frank Roy
Published: November 2011

The most copious and important finds from the famous Iron Age cemetery at Hallstatt were excavated by J. G. Ramsauer between 1846 and 1863. Doubts have been expressed about the validity of grave associations accepted on his authority. This paper discusses some of the evidence that is available for assessing Ramsauer's methods of excavation and recordings and for establishing valid grave associations. Key documents are a series of manuscript accounts of the excavations, the ‘Protokolle’ (one of which was presented to the Library of the Society of Antiquaries), and a later working catalogue which survives in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
The Cerrig-y-Drudion ‘Hanging Bowl’
Authors: Stead I. M.
Published: November 2011

A re-examination of the fragmentary remains from Cerrig-y-Drudion suggests that they belonged to a pair of similar vessels which may have been lids but were certainly not hanging bowls. The recognition of a mistake in the previous reconstruction allows some of the pieces to be rearranged to produce a more or less symmetrical reconstruction of the design on one of Britain's most important pieces of Early Celtic art.
Ambiguity in Anglo-Saxon Style I Art
Authors: Leigh David
Published: November 2011

Fresh examination of the detailed zoo- and anthropomorphic motifs on some early Kentish jewellery suggests that they were deliberately designed to deceive the eye. A recurring device is the use of images which have more than one meaning, depending on the angle at which they are viewed. It is suggested that ambiguity may have been a characteristic feature of Style I art, and that the use of this style may have had more than a purely ornamental function.
Joseph Rose Senior's Site Workshop at Audley End, Essex: Aspects of the Development of Decorative Plasterwork Technology in Britain During the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Drury P. J.
Published: November 2011

Excavation within part of the former library at Audley End House, Essex, in 1979 brought to light debris from the plaster ceiling erected between 1753 and 1762, and much workshop debris relating to the decorative plasterwork executed throughout the new Great Apartments by Joseph Rose senior, to the designs of Robert Adam, in 1764-6. The latter material is used to demonstrate in detail the technology of decorative gypsum plasterwork. This is contrasted with the methods used by the stuccoist Thomas Clayton at Châtelhérault, Hamilton, Lanarkshire, c. 1742-6, and the eclectic technology evidenced in the earlier library ceiling at Audley End. Finally, the development of the technology of decorative plasterwork in Britain between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries is reviewed in the light of information currently available.
Nineteenth-Century Drawings of Maya Monuments in the Society's Library
Authors: Hammond Norman
Published: November 2011

Fifteen drawings of Maya carvings presented to to the Society's Library in 1854 depict stone stelae and wooden lintels from Tikal, Guatemala, stelae from Ixkun and Ixtutz, Guatemala, and a temple at Tikal. Thirteen of the drawings can be assigned to specific monuments with certainty and the other two with some probability. Examination of the paper and other details suggests that the drawings are copies from lost originals, except for two drawings which may themselves be original. Annotations on the drawings are probably by Modesto Méndez, leader of the expeditions which explored the sites in 1848 and 1852. The drawings of Tikal were originally by Eusebio Lara, while those of Ixkun and Ixtutz may be by another artist.
A Fourteenth-century Coat of Arms identified
Authors: Smith S. C. Kaines
Published: November 2011

In Heraldry from Military Monuments before 1350 (Harl. Soc, vol. xcviii) the late Rev. Henry Lawrance listed, on p. 51, six coats for which no satisfactory identification had been offered. One of these, ‘…in the quarter an eagle displayed…’, is on the shield of a recumbent effigy in the south transept of Minchinhampton church (pl. xx, a and b). From the style of the armour and the architecture of the tomb-recess, the monument may be dated c. 1330–5 (Ida M. Roper, Monumental Effigies of Gloucestershire and Bristol).

The only other survival of these arms so far known is in the east window of Bristol Cathedral (pl. xx, c), where it is one of seventeen coats of arms in the glass of the tracery, headed by England, Maurice de Berkeley of Stoke Giffard and Brimsfield, and his brother Thomas, Lord Berkeley (d. 1361), in that order, the selection of the remaining coats being clearly made from among the associates of Lord Berkeley and his brother. The date of this glass is c. 1350. Among the coats included are those of Sir Thomas de Bradeston and Sir Simon Basset of Uley, both near neighbours of Minchinhampton. There can be no reasonable doubt that the arms here shown with the tinctures Gules, on a quarter argent an eagle displayed, are those of the same family, and probably of the same person as the effigy at Minchinhampton. Unfortunately the eagle is not leaded, but is in yellow stain, thus appearing as gold on silver; and as this was not an uncommon makeshift in the early days of the use of yellow stain, the colour of the eagle remains undetermined.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wheeler Mortimer
Published: November 2011

Finance. That ill-omened word demands a sentence to itself at the beginning of this address. During the past year the claims of revenue in one form or another have hit the humanities, if not the sciences, more savagely than air-bombardment or inflation. The mechanized forces of rating-assessment have struck—not, it is astonishing to note, without some vulgar applause—at that single-minded repository of enlightenment, the London Library. It is to be presumed that this and other cases of the sort were in the mind of the Minister of Housing and Local Government when, on the 22nd of January 1958, he appointed a Committee to report upon the rating of premises in England and Wales ‘occupied for purposes of a charitable nature and other similar purposes’. The action was a timely one, and we may await its outcome with such hope as uncertain faith and over-strained charity admit to our experience. At the same time, on a wider front, the Board of Inland Revenue has withheld the refund of income-tax on seven-year covenants to a whole host of cultural charities such as our Society, with consequences that must be nothing short of shattering. Under modern economic conditions the official decision, if confirmed, means the end or drastic diminution of much that we value, of much that we can do and should do if we are to contribute our mite to human understanding. It is not for me, here and now, to comment upon the mechanics of the law or the wisdom of the Board of Inland Revenue. I hope that that will be done in another place. Nor do I propose to anticipate the sort of retrenchments which our Treasurer and Council will be compelled to impose upon us in the face of an income reduced by more than £2,000 a year. But there are certain general observations which are appropriate to the present occasion.
A Romano-British pottery kiln at North Hykeham, Lincolnshire: with an Appendix on the typology, dating and distribution of ‘Rustic’ ware in Great Britain
Authors: Thompson F. H.
Published: November 2011

The discovery of the kiln described in the first part of this report is a pleasing instance of the value of publicity in the field of archaeology. One feature of the post-war campaign waged by the Council for British Archaeology in order to induce the general public to report archaeological discoveries was the issue to sand and gravel companies throughout the country of the illustrated pamphlet entitled Sand and Gravel in History. In due course a copy reached the Apex Sand and Gravel Limited, which has its pits by the Foss Way at North Hykeham, southwest of Lincoln. In October 1951 an employee, Mr. E. Clifton, noticed in the bank of one of the water-filled workings a pit-like structure with a scatter of pot-sherds and fragments of clay bars, some of which he collected and handed to the Manager, Mr. W. C. Acott. The latter compared the sherds with the illustrations in his copy of the pamphlet, deduced that they were Romano-British, and reported the discovery to Mr. F. T. Baker, F.S.A., at the City and County Museum, Lincoln, who, from the description given and an examination of a sample of the pottery, was quick to realize the possibility of yet another kiln in the Lincoln area.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Wheeler Mortimer
Published: November 2011

In these days it is the habit of Prime Ministers and Presidents to lie abroad for the good of their country, and I can only hope that your own President's unconscionable absences during the past year may shelter under that umbrella. In Southern Rhodesia, at Zimbabwe, he looked upon the rugged best that trans-Saharan Africa can produce and was shown incidentally, with a proper reverence, the crumbling cavity where one of our Vice-Presidents ‘directed her first solo-excavation’. In Pakistan he was invited by the Government to conduct an expedition in the North-West Frontier, and has pleasure in recalling the open-handed collaboration, not only of the Pakistan Department of Archaeology, but also of the highly efficient Pakistan Air Force. In India he saw his old colleagues and pupils at work on a scale unapproached by any other country in the world at the present time, unless it be rivalled by the hidden prowess of the U.S.S.R. Only the untidy seas of the African coast barred him at the last stage from Cyrene, where he would have found our Fellow Mr. Richard Goodchild still the accepted master of free Cyrenaica's archaeological enterprises, a position which reflects alike his knowledge and his understanding. And in all these far-flung missions your President was conscious, and many of his hosts were conscious, that he bore with him the hallowed lamp of Burlington House. It is not a bad thing that a Society so universal in its concern, whether in time or space, as ours traditionally is should do a little travelling in an age when the poet can no longer complain that there ain' no 'buses runnin' from the Bank to Mandalay. To our wider work and opportunity in partibus I shall turn again in a few minutes.
John Thornton of Coventry and the East Window of Great Malvern Priory
Authors: Knowles John A.
Published: November 2011

That the Great East Window at York (Pl. xl) was designed by John Thornton of Coventry in 1405 is a matter of common knowledge, and much study has been expended by various writers in attempts to discover further particulars about the artist.

But the crux of these researches has always been the inability to account for the connexion which he undoubtedly had with the east window of Great Malvern Priory; for at the time at which, there is reason to believe, it was made, Thornton must have been, according to the expectation of life in the middle ages, an aged man.
Two Greek Silver Coins from Holne, S. Devon
Authors: Fox Aileen
Published: November 2011

Some years ago, in the spring of 1941 or 1942, when Mr. J. Farley of Court Farm, Holne, near Ashburton, was cultivating an outlying field near Ridge Cross to the east of the village, a silver coin was turned up from a depth of 6–9 in. by the plough. On another occasion Mr. Farley found one when digging in his garden, and he put both of them into a little canister on the mantelpiece where his wife kept odds and ends. They remained there even when the Farleys left Court Farm in 1947 for a cottage at Play Cross, until the vicar, the Rev. W. Duke, to whose good offices I am greatly indebted, saw them in 1949 and sent them to Mr. K. Roberts, F.N.S., of Newton Abbot, for identification.
Walking speed adaptation ability of Myzus persicae to different temperature conditions
Authors: Alford L. , Hughes G.E. , Blackburn T.M. , Bale J.S.
Published: November 2011

Walking speeds were calculated for nine clones of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae collected from three countries along a latitudinal cline of its European distribution from Sweden to Spain (Sweden, UK and Spain), and the effects of collection origin and intra and intergenerational acclimation were investigated. Walking speeds declined with decreasing temperature, with maximum performance at temperatures closest to acclimation temperature (fastest median walking speed of 5.8 cm min–1 was recorded for clone UK 3, collected from the UK, at 25°C after acclimating to 25°C for one generation). Following acclimation at both 20°C and 25°C, walking ceased (as indicated by median walking speeds of 0.0 cm min–1) at temperatures as high as 7.5°C and 12.5°C. However, acclimation at 10°C enabled mobility to occur to temperatures as low as 0°C. There was no relationship between mobility and latitude of collection, suggesting that large scale mixing of aphids may occur across Europe. However, clonal variation was suggested, with clone UK 3 outperforming the majority of other clones across all temperatures at which mobility was maintained following acclimation at 10°C for one and three generations and at 25°C for one generation. The Scandinavian clones consistently outperformed their temperate and Mediterranean counterparts at the majority of temperatures following acclimation for three generations at 25°C.
FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING AND OTHER INTRA-VAGINAL PRACTICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TWODAY METHOD USE
Authors: AKSEL SARP , SINAI IRIT , YEE KIMBERLY AUMACK
Published: November 2011

This report examines the implications of female genital cutting and other intra-vaginal practices for offering the TwoDay Method® of family planning. This fertility awareness-based method relies on the identification of cervico-vaginal secretions to identify the fertile window. Female genital cutting and traditional vaginal practices, such as the use of desiccants, may affect the presence or absence of secretions and therefore the woman's perception of her fertility. These issues and their implications for service delivery of the method are discussed.
Managerialism in Motion: Lessons from Oaxaca
Authors: JONES JOHN PAUL , ROBERTS SUSAN M. , FRÖHLING OLIVER
Published: November 2011

Non-governmental organisations operate as nodes in networks of ‘managerialism’ – bundles of often Northern, corporate-inspired knowledge and practices that promote ‘good governance’ under neoliberalism. Managerialism is double-sided: it can guard against corruption and help ensure accountability, but it can also be culturally disjunctive, reinforcing North–South power imbalances while diffusing the political potential of NGOs. In this paper we present a framework for studying managerialism's global circulation and discuss a series of empirical findings from a multi-year study of NGOs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. We conclude by commenting on managerialism's influence on NGOs during the social upheavals of 2006, highlighting its differential and contingent impact on social and political change in Oaxaca.