bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zum Mechanismus der Dotierung organischer Halbleiter
Authors: Meier H. , Albrecht W. , Tschirwitz U.
Published: September 2023

Durch Zugabe von Elektronenakzeptoren kann die Dunkel‐ und Photoleitfähigkeit organischer Halbleiter um mehrere Größenordnungen erhöht werden. Der Effekt interessiert u.a. für die Entwicklung technisch verwertbarer organischer Halbleiter und im Zusammenhang mit Fragen der Elektronenübertragung bei biochemischen und photochemischen Reaktionen.

Da über die Ursache der Dotierung noch wenig Klarheit besteht, wurde der Effekt unter Anwendung verschiedener Meßverfahren (Blitzlichtmethode, Vidiconverfahren u.a.) systematisch untersucht. Es werden Zusammenhänge diskutiert, die sich bei Zugabe von Dotierungsmitteln (wie z. B. o‐Chloranil, Tetracyanäthylen, Tetracyanchinodimethan) an Phthalocyaninen und Poly‐N‐vinylcarbazol ergeben. Über Untersuchungsergebnisse an Dreikomponentensystemen (PVCA‐Farbstoff‐Akzeptor) und neue Dotierungseffekte (Stabilisierung der Photoleitfähigkeit und Erweiterung der spektralen Empfindlichkeitsbereiche) wird ebenfalls berichtet.

Unter Zugrundelegung der Ergebnisse wird der Mechanismus der Dotierung erörtert.
Fluorescence detection of hydrazine in an aqueous environment by a corrole derivative
Authors: Lu Guifen , Yu Siyuan , Duan Luyao , Meng Suci , Ding Sihan , Dong Ting
Published: September 2023

Broadly, the industrial applications of hydrazine cause environmental pollution and damage to living organisms because of the high toxicity of hydrazine. Therefore, monitoring hydrazine in the environmental system is of great significance to human health. Here, a new fluorescent probe PC‐N2H4 based on corrole dye was developed for the detection of hydrazine that had excellent specificity, low limit of detection (LOD: 88 nM), and a wide pH range (6–12). Upon addition of hydrazine into the probe solution, the strong red fluorescence was ‘turned on’ centred at 653 nm with a 127‐fold fluorescence intensity enhancement. The detection mechanism was proved using ESI‐MS, 1H NMR, and density functional theoretical calculations. Importantly, the probe was utilized to fabricate a ready‐to‐use test strip to realize the visual inspection of hydrazine. Furthermore, PC‐N2H4 was successfully applied for practical detection of hydrazine in water samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 96.2% to 105.0%, and indicating that the designed PC‐N2H4 is highly promising for hydrazine detection in an aqueous environment. Considering the diverse toxicological functions of hydrazine, PC‐N2H4 was also successfully used to image exogenous hydrazine in HeLa cells and zebrafish.
Social determinants of health and cognitive function: A cross‐sectional study among men without dementia
Authors: Corney Kayla B. , Pasco Julie A. , Stuart Amanda L. , Kavanagh Bianca E. , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Sui Sophia X. , Williams Lana J.
Published: September 2023

Background

Certain age‐related and medical factors have been associated with cognitive dysfunction; however, less is known regarding social determinants of health. The current study aimed to investigate associations between social determinants of health and cognitive function in a population‐based sample of men without dementia.

Methods

Data were drawn from the ongoing Geelong Osteoporosis Study (n = 536). Cognitive function was determined using the Cog‐State Brief Battery. Area‐based socioeconomic status (SES) was determined using the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Advantage and Disadvantage, marital status by self‐report, and social support by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, which considers family, friends, and significant others.

Results

Belonging to a higher SES group, being in a relationship (married/de‐facto) and perceived social support from a significant other and friends were each associated with better overall cognitive function. In regard to the specific cognitive domains, higher SES was associated with better psychomotor function and visual learning, being in a relationship was associated with better working memory, and perceived social support from a significant other was associated with better attention and working memory, with perceived social support from friends associated with better psychomotor function. There were no associations detected between social support from family and any of the cognitive domains.

Conclusion

Higher SES, being in a relationship, and greater perceived social support from a significant other and friends were associated with better cognitive function. Further studies identifying underlying mechanisms linking social factors with cognition are needed to establish prevention strategies and enhance cognitive health.
Distinguished biomimetic dECM system facilitates early detection of metastatic breast cancer cells
Authors: Weng Bowen , Li Mei , Zhu Weilai , Peng Jing , Mao Xufeng , Zheng Yanan , Zhang Chi , Pan Senhao , Mao Haijiao , Zhao Jiyuan
Published: September 2023

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting women's health. Bone is the most common distant metastatic organ, worsening the quality of life and increasing the mortality of patients. Early detection of breast cancer bone metastasis is urgent for halting disease progression and improving tumor prognosis. Recently, extracellular matrix (ECM) with biomimetic tissue niches opened a new avenue for tumor models in vitro. Here, we developed a biomimetic decellularized ECM (dECM) system to recapitulate bone niches at different situations, bone mimetic dECM from osteoblasts (BM‐ECM) and bone tumor mimetic dECM from osteosarcoma cells (OS‐ECM). The two kinds of dECMs exhibited distinct morphology, protein composition, and distribution. Interestingly, highly metastatic breast cancer cells tended to adhere and migrate on BM‐ECM, while lowly metastatic breast cancer cells preferred the OS‐ECM niche. Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition was a potential mechanism to initiate the breast cancer cell migration on different biomimetic dECMs. Importantly, in the nude mice model, the dECM system captured metastatic breast cancer cells as early as 10 days after orthotopic transplantation in mammary gland pads, with higher signal on BM‐ECM than that on OS‐ECM. Collectively, the biomimetic dECM system might be a promising tumor model to distinguish the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells in vitro and to facilitate early detection of metastatic breast cancer cells in vivo, contributing to the diagnosis of breast cancer bone metastasis.
Inner‐Sphere Single Electron Transfer in Polynuclear Gold Photocatalysis
Authors: Han Jie , Xie Jin
Published: September 2023

Photo‐induced electron transfer is a fundamental step in photochemical reactions, where light energy is used to drive chemical transformations. However, conventional outer‐sphere single electron transfer mechanisms encounter multiple limitations, notably requiring redox potential matching between photocatalysts and substrates, thereby impeding the activation of non‐activated carbon‐halogen bonds. In this concept review, we present an elucidation of the photophysical and photochemical properties exhibited by polynuclear gold photocatalysts, with a particular emphasis on their inner‐sphere single electron transfer mechanism. By exploring these intricate aspects, we endeavor to furnish readers with a more profound insight into the remarkable potential of polynuclear gold photocatalysts and the indispensable role played by inner‐sphere electron transfer in the realm of photocatalysis.
Bioequivalence of 2 Pediatric Formulations of Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Oral Suspension
Authors: Rauch Clemence , Lucio Luiz , De Fer Beatrice Bois , Lheritier‐Barrand Michele
Published: September 2023

Fexofenadine hydrochloride (HCl) is a second‐generation, nonsedating, histamine H1‐receptor antagonist used to manage seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria. A new oral pediatric suspension of fexofenadine HCl has been developed, with the preservative potassium sorbate replacing parabens. The objective of this phase 1 single‐center, open‐label, randomized, 2‐treatment, full‐replicated, 4‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study in healthy adult volunteers was to assess the bioequivalence of 30 mg of the new oral suspension of fexofenadine HCl (test) versus 30 mg of the marketed pediatric oral suspension of fexofenadine HCl (reference). The replicate design was based on the high intra‐individual variability of fexofenadine (>30% on Cmax). The study comprised 68 randomized and treated volunteers. Plasma concentrations of fexofenadine were similar following the administration of a single dose of each formulation. Cmax, AUClast, AUC, median tmax, and mean t1/2z were similar between administrations of the same fexofenadine formulation and between formulations. A high intra‐individual variability was confirmed with both formulations. Bioequivalence of the test and reference fexofenadine HCl formulations was demonstrated as the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric least squares mean ratio for Cmax, AUClast, and AUC of fexofenadine were all within the bioequivalence range of 0.80‐1.25. There were no serious adverse events (AEs) or study discontinuations due to treatment‐emergent AEs with either fexofenadine HCl formulation. The new paraben‐free fexofenadine HCl 30‐mg oral suspension and marketed fexofenadine HCl 30‐mg pediatric oral suspension are bioequivalent under fasting conditions, with no safety concerns and a safety profile consistent with the known profile of fexofenadine.
Heterogeneous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Sol‐Gel Electrode with Entrapped Na3[Ru2(μ‐CO3)4]: The Effect of NaHCO3
Authors: Aharon Shiran , Patra Shanti Gopal , Meyerstein Dan , Tzur Eyal , Shamir Dror , Albo Yael , Burg Ariela
Published: September 2023

The Na3[Ru2(μ‐CO3)4] complex is acting as a water oxidation catalyst in a homogeneous system. Due to the significance of heterogeneous systems and the effect of bicarbonate on the kinetic, we studied the bicarbonate effect on the heterogeneous electrocatalyst by entrapping the Na3[Ru2(μ‐CO3)4] complex in a sol‐gel matrix. We have developed two types of sol‐gel electrodes, which differ by the precursor, and are demonstrating their stability over a minimum of 200 electrochemical cycles. The pH increases affected the currents and kcat for both types of electrodes, and their hydrophobicity, which was obtained from the precursor type, influenced the electrocatalytic process rate.

The results indicate that NaHCO3 has an important role in the catalytic activity of the presented heterogeneous systems; without NaHCO3, the diffusing species is probably OH−, which undergoes diffusion via the Grotthuss mechanism.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to present a simple and fast one‐step entrapment process for the Na3[Ru2(μ‐CO3)4] complex by the sol‐gel method under standard laboratory conditions. The results contribute to optimizing the WSP, ultimately helping expand the usage of hydrogen as a green and more readily available energy source.
Economic evaluations of electronic health interventions for people with age‐related cognitive impairment and their caregivers: A systematic review
Authors: Zhao Qing , Li Cheng , Zhang Yu , Tang Hui‐Ting , Wang Jing , Yu Xiao‐Hong , Zhao Yue , Xing Ying , Yu Jie , Ye Juan , Shan En‐Fang , Li Xian‐Wen
Published: September 2023

Objects

Dementia has physical, social and economic impacts, causing considerable distress for people with age‐related cognitive impairment (PWACI) and their caregivers. Electronic health (e‐health) interventions can provide convenient education to improve the coping competence of caregivers and have become an important approach to supporting them. Understanding the economic evidence of e‐health interventions will facilitate the decision making and implementation of integrating e‐health into routine health services. The present review aimed to appraise economic evidence related to e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers.

Methods

We systematically searched multiple cross‐disciplinary databases from inception to February 28, 2023. Two reviewers independently selected the trials, assessed the quality, and checked the data. A descriptive‐analytical narrative method was used to analyze the review findings.

Results

Thirteen studies were analyzed, including 12 randomized controlled trials and one quasi‐experimental study. All included studies were conducted in developed countries. The included studies reported limited economic information. There were six cost‐effectiveness analysis, five cost‐consequence analysis and one partial economic evaluation. The included studies were heterogeneous, and varied in quality. The results demonstrated that e‐health multicomponent interventions can reduce the cost of health service utilization in short term (10–104 weeks).

Conclusions

Few studies calculated the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of e‐health interventions. Preliminary evidence indicates that e‐health interventions can reduce the cost of health service utilization in the short term, but the cost‐effectiveness of e‐health interventions hasn't been identified. More robust evidence is needed to clarify the value of e‐health interventions for PWACI and their caregivers.
Perturbations of heterotrophs and autotrophs in tidally dynamic coastal sediments: Development of a scalable model
Authors: Yao Yuting , Kong Jun , Zhang Chenming , Tang Zixuan , Shen Chengji , Luo Zhaoyang , Lu Chunhui , Feng Xuejun , Sun Yang
Published: September 2023

Tidal wetlands undergoing regular tidal inundation contribute more than 60% CO2 uptake of the coastal ocean. However, a comprehensive understanding of tidal microbial spatial distribution is poorly known, giving rise to previously ignored perturbations of microbial biomass in heterogeneous nearshore aquifers. In most traditional reactive models of nearshore aquifers until now, the spatio‐temporal production of microbial biomass was not considered, and reaction rates depended only on the first‐order decay of nutrient inputs. Here, using a biomass‐based model with tidal fluctuations, we identify autotrophic and heterotrophic high biomass zones that can dictate the hot spots of aerobic respiration, nitrification, and denitrification. Crucially, the accretive microbial biomass in eutrophic environments may minimize the hydraulic conductivity and weaken the tide‐driven upper saline plume, but slightly enhance seawater wedge intrusion. In addition, our simulations recreated empirical patterns of N removal in contaminated subterranean estuaries and led to a description of general rules of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes in sediments. Our findings point to previously ignored perturbations of microbial biomass to reactions in nearshore aquifers and underscore that the microbial distribution in coastal sediments has its inherent regularity to environmental alteration.
Increased prevalence of gout in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A population‐based study
Authors: Hamid Osama , Alsabbagh Alchirazi Khaled , Eltelbany Ahmed , Nanah Rama , Regueiro Miguel
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim

Arthritis is a recognized extra‐intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Studies show altered uric acid metabolism in IBD. This study aims to investigate the association between IBD and gout.

Methods

We used a multi‐center database (Explorys Inc.) consisting of data from several US healthcare systems. We identified adults diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) between 1999 and 2022. In this cohort, we identified patients diagnosed with gout. We collected demographic data and identified patients diagnosed with IBD‐associated arthritis and those who had intestinal resection. Risk factors associated with gout were collected. Multivariate analysis was used.

Results

Out of the 69 260 780 patients in the database, we identified 209 020 patients with UC (0.30%) of whom 9130 had gout (4.3%). Additionally, 249 480 had CD (0.36%) of whom 14 000 had gout (5.61%). Males were more prevalent in the UC and gout group than in the CD and gout group (58% vs 51%). After adjustment, CD was significantly associated with gout (odds ratio [OR] 1.68, confidence interval [CI]: 1.60–1.75). UC was also significantly associated with gout (OR 1.38, CI: 1.31–1.44). In subgroup analysis with intestinal resection, CD patients who had intestinal resection had higher association with gout versus those without surgery (OR 2.34, CI: 2.25–2.43). Similar increase was observed in the UC group with intestinal resection (OR 1.53, CI: 1.49–1.56).

Conclusion

IBD is strongly associated with gout, with higher correlation observed with CD. Intestinal resection is associated with an increase in the risk of gout. Patients with IBD who present with new‐onset arthritis should be investigated for gout.
Anal and oropharyngeal HPV distribution in HIV‐negative multipartner MSM using self‐sampling kits for HIV and sexually transmitted infection screening
Authors: Prétet Jean‐Luc , Baraquin Alice , Barret Anne‐Sophie , Bercot Béatrice , Rahib Delphine , Lydié Nathalie , Pépin‐Puget Line , Lepiller Quentin
Published: September 2023

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of sexually transmitted infections, among which HPV infections are particularly prominent. We took advantage of the MémoDépistages study to evaluate HPV distribution at anal and oropharyngeal sites in HIV‐negative multipartner MSM. HPV DNA was detected in 82% (n = 344) of anal and 11% (n = 45) of oropharyngeal self‐collected samples taken from 421 participants. Multiple HPV types were detected in 70% of anal samples, and single HPV types in 91% of oropharyngeal samples. HPV16 was the most frequent type detected in the anus, followed by HPV6, HPV51, and HPV52. HPV6, HPV16, and HPV11 were the most prevalent types in the oropharynx. HPV targeted by the nonavalent vaccine was detected in 71% and 50% of HPV‐positive anal and oropharyngeal samples, respectively. The main risk factor associated with HPV detection was frequenting gay meeting places, living in large cities, and having an anal Chlamydia trachomatis/Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In this cohort of highly sexually active MSM, HPV detection was highly frequent and rendered them at high risk of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Universal vaccination against HPV before sexual debut is an important public health strategy to prevent HPV‐associated cancers in this highly vulnerable population of HIV‐negative MSM.
Lactobacillus paracaseiAH2 isolated from Chinese sourdough alleviated gluten‐induced food allergy through modulating gut microbiota and promoting short‐chain fatty acid accumulation in a BALB/c mouse model
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Chenglong , Mu Kaiyu , Xue Wentong
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

A large number of people worldwide suffer from gluten‐induced food allergy. As investigated in our previous research, Lactobacillus paracasei AH2 isolated from traditionally homemade sourdough in Anhui province of China showed the potential to reduce the immune reactivity of wheat protein by in vitro evaluation. However, whether L. paracasei AH2 has a role in alleviating wheat allergy in an in vivo model and its underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated.

RESULTS

In this study, the alleviative effects of L. paracasei AH2 on gluten‐induced allergic response were evaluated. Compared with a gluten‐allergic mouse, L. paracasei AH2 suppressed anaphylaxis symptoms, gluten‐specific immunoglobulin E, histamine and interleukin‐4. Moreover, L. paracasei AH2 attenuated splenomegaly and induced Th1 or Treg cell differentiation to modulate the Th1/Th2 immune balance toward Th1 polarization. Short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were enhanced after L. paracasei AH2 supplementation, contributing to allergy relief as well as reducing the pH of colonic contents. The α and β diversities of the gut microbiota were modulated by L. paracasei AH2 with increased relative abundance of Lacticaseibacillus and SCFA producers (Faecalibaculum, Alloprevotella and Bacteroides genera), as well as decreased unfavorable Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Alistipes. Additionally, L. paracasei AH2 protected the intestinal barrier function by upregulating tight junctions and improved the antioxidant activities in serum.

CONCLUSION

Our findings indicate that L. paracasei AH2 could act as a potential probiotic for relieving wheat allergy by modulating the gut microbiota and elevating SCFA levels. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Reducing opioid prescribing after ambulatory breast reconstruction surgery
Authors: Fearon Nkechi J. , Kurtzman Joey , Benfante Nicole , Assel Melissa , Vickers Andrew , Carlsson Sigrid , Laudone Vincent P. , Levine Marcia , Simon Brett A. , Mehrara Babak J. , Nelson Jonas A.
Published: September 2023

Background

The lack of evidence‐based guidelines for postoperative opioid prescriptions following breast reconstruction contributes to a wide variation in prescribing practices and increases potential for misuse and abuse.

Methods

Between August and December 2019, women who underwent outpatient breast reconstruction were surveyed 7–10 days before (n = 97) and after (n = 101) implementing a standardized opioid prescription reduction initiative. We compared postoperative opioid use, pain control, and refills in both groups. Patient reported outcomes were compared using the BREAST‐Q physical wellbeing of the chest domain and a novel symptom Recovery Tracker.

Results

Before changes in prescriptions, patients were prescribed a median of 30 pills and consumed three pills (interquartile range [IQR: 1,9]). After standardization, patients were prescribed eight pills and consumed three pills (IQR: 1,6). There was no evidence of a difference in the proportion of patients experiencing moderate to very severe pain on the Recovery Tracker or in the early BREAST‐Q physical wellbeing of the chest scores (p = 0.8 and 0.3, respectively).

Conclusion

Standardizing and reducing opioid prescriptions for patients undergoing reconstructive breast surgery is feasible and can significantly decrease the number of excess pills prescribed. The was no adverse impact on early physical wellbeing, although larger studies are needed to obtain further data.
Countercurrent chromatography separation of vitamin E isomers in a co‐current mode
Authors: Hu Liwen , Zhou Yi , Wang Jinrong , Yang Zhi
Published: September 2023

Vitamin E represents a group of lipophilic phenolic compounds, including α‐tocopherol, β‐tocopherol, γ‐tocopherol, and δ‐tocopherol, and α‐tocotrienol, β‐tocotrienol, γ‐tocotrienol, and δ‐tocotrienol isomers. Different forms of vitamin E have been proven to exhibit varying biological activities. However, due to their structural similarities, the separation of vitamin E isomers is a challenging task. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an efficient method for isolating individual isomers. In this study, co‐current countercurrent chromatography was employed to isolate vitamin E isomers from commercial capsules using a n‐heptane‐methanol‐water (10:9.5:0.5, v/v) solvent system. The partition coefficients of the main constituents in the capsules ranged from 0.94 to 6.23, requiring over 450 min for a complete separation. To improve separation efficiency, a co‐current elution mode was implemented and the flow rates of the two liquid phases as well as sample amount were examined. The results suggested that increasing the flow rate of the stationary phase and sample size could result in more effective separation, shorter separation time, and higher yield. It proved that co‐current countercurrent chromatography was an effective method for the separation of vitamin E isomers.
Whey and Buttermilk‐Based Formulas Modulate Gut Microbiota in Mice with Antibiotic‐Induced Dysbiosis
Authors: Bellés Andrea , Abad Inés , Sánchez Lourdes , Grasa Laura
Published: September 2023

Scope

Diet is one of the main factors that modifies intestinal microbiota composition. The search for foods that can reverse situations of intestinal dysbiosis such as that induced by antibiotics is of great interest. Buttermilk and whey are the main by‐products produced by the dairy industry containing bioactive compounds. The aim of this study is to investigate the ability of whey and buttermilk‐based formulas supplemented with lactoferrin and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to modulate the effects of clindamycin on mouse intestinal microbiota.

Methods and results

Male C57BL/6 mice are treated with saline (control), clindamycin (Clin), a formula containing whey (F1) or buttermilk (F2), Clin+F1 or Clin+F2, and their fecal microbiota profiles are analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene using the MinION device. Clin induces alterations in both the composition and metabolic functions of the mice intestinal microbiota. The treatment with F1 or F2 reverses the effects of clindamycin, restoring the levels of Rikenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae families and certain pathways related to short‐chain fatty acids production and tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis.

Conclusion

Whey and buttermilk supplemented with lactoferrin and MFGM may be a bioactive formula for functional foods to prevent or restore microbiota alterations induced by antibiotic administration.
Differentiation of patients with and without prostate cancer using urine 1H NMR metabolomics
Authors: Hasubek Anna‐Laura , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Ella , Kobus Marta , Chen Jiashang , Vandergrift Lindsey A. , Kurreck Annika , Ehret Felix , Dinges Sarah , Hohm Annika , Tilgner Marlon , Buko Alexander , Habbel Piet , Nowak Johannes , Mercaldo Nathaniel D. , Gusev Andrew , Feldman Adam S. , Cheng Leo L.
Published: September 2023

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men worldwide. For its detection, serum prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening is commonly used, despite its lack of specificity, high false positive rate, and inability to discriminate indolent from aggressive PCa. Following increases in serum PSA levels, clinicians often conduct prostate biopsies with or without advanced imaging. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)‐based metabolomics has proven to be promising for advancing early‐detection and elucidation of disease progression, through the discovery and characterization of novel biomarkers. This retrospective study of urine‐NMR samples, from prostate biopsy patients with and without PCa, identified several metabolites involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the hippuric acid pathway. Of note, lactate and hippurate—key metabolites involved in cellular proliferation and microbiome effects, respectively—were significantly altered, unveiling widespread metabolomic modifications associated with PCa development. These findings support urine metabolomics profiling as a promising strategy to identify new clinical biomarkers for PCa detection and diagnosis.
Numerical investigations of new low‐order explicit last stage diagonal implicit Runge–Kutta schemes with the finite‐element method
Authors: Westermann Hendrik , Mahnken Rolf
Published: September 2023

Initial value problems can be solved efficiently by means of Runge–Kutta algorithms with adaptive step size control. Diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (DIRK) methods are the most popular class among the diverse family of Runge–Kutta algorithms. In this paper, the novel class of low‐order explicit last‐stage diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (ELDIRK) methods are explored, which combine implicit schemes with an additional explicit evaluation as an explicit last stage. ELDIRK Butcher tableaus are used to control embedded RK methods to obtain solutions of different orders. The lower‐order solution is obtained by classical implicit RK stages and the higher‐order solution is obtained by additional explicit evaluation. As a result, a significant reduction in computational cost is achieved by skipping the iterative solution of nonlinear systems for the additional step. The examination of the heat problem and the use of the innovative Butcher tableau in the finite‐element method are the main contributions of this work. Thus, it is possible to establish adaptive step size control for the new low‐order embedded methods based on an empirical method for error estimation. Two‐dimensional simulations are used to show an appropriate algorithm for the ELDIRK schemes. The new Runge–Kutta schemes' predictions of higher‐order convergence are confirmed, and their successful outcomes are illustrated.
A geometric framework for discrete time port‐Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Cherifi Karim , Gernandt Hannes , Hinsen Dorothea , Mehrmann Volker
Published: September 2023

Port‐Hamiltonian systems provide an energy‐based formulation with a model class that is closed under structure preserving interconnection. For continuous‐time systems, these interconnections are constructed by geometric objects called Dirac structures. In this paper, we derive this geometric formulation and the interconnection properties for scattering passive discrete‐time port‐Hamiltonian systems.
Enhancing vinyl ester properties with eco‐friendly sustainable biochar filler
Authors: Rajamani Pradeep , Veerasimman Arumugaprabu , Palani Geetha , Shanmugam Vigneshwaran , Rajendran Sundarakannan , Subbaiah Ajith , G B Rameshkumar
Published: September 2023

Biomass and other biogenic wastes can be used in polymeric materials, allowing for effective waste utilization. Thus, these materials can be converted into biochar and used in composite fabrication. Biochar was used in the current study to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester‐based composites. Waste cashew nut shells were converted into biochar via a slow pyrolysis method. Biochar was added at three different levels (5, 10 and 15 wt.%). Composite with 10 wt.% biochar showed ca.72% and ca.54% higher tensile strength and hardness than the neat vinyl ester. The composite containing 15 wt.% biochar showed the highest impact and flexural strength of ca.47 MPa and ca.13 kJ/m2 respectively. The thermo‐gravimetric study showed that the composites with 15 wt.% added biochar performed better than the others, with a yield percentage of ca.45%. This study provides a summary of biochar applications and highlights the advantages of biomass wastes with respect to energy and environmental sustainability for the production of strong and thermally stable composites.
The update of treatment strategies in pediatrics with generalized pustular psoriasis in China
Authors: Chen Yunliu , Xiang Xin , Wang Zhaoyang , Miao Chaoyang , Xu Zigang
Published: September 2023

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a severe subtype of psoriasis, commonly combined with systemic inflammation. Gene mutations have been found to be associated with GPP and vary by ethnicity. Systemic treatments are usually required for the severity and potential complications of GPP. However, there is no common consensus in China, especially among pediatric patients, whose data are scarce. Acitretin, methotrexate, and cyclosporine are widely used in pediatrics with GPP, while the adverse effects should be highlighted. The emergence of different biological agents brings us into a new era. This article discusses the genetic background of Chinese patients and demonstrates the evidence of treatment in pediatrics with GPP.
Collagen/poly(acrylic acid)/MXene hydrogels with tissue‐adhesive, biosensing, and photothermal antibacterial properties
Authors: Zhang Min , Yang Qili , Liang Kaiwen , Gao Lu , Lu Peng , Ding Cuicui , Dang Yuan
Published: September 2023

The application of collagen‐based hydrogel is severely restricted due to its poor mechanical strength and functional singleness. In this paper, two‐dimensional MXene nanosheets were introduced into collagen/acrylic acid (AA) system, which was polymerized in situ to produce versatile hydrogel (GCol‐MX‐PAA). The tensile stress and compressive stress values of the resultant hydrogel at the MXene concentration of 5 mg/mL reached 211.5 kPa and 7.8 MPa, respectively, which were approximately 4.0 and 1.4 times higher than those of GCol‐PAA. The bonding strength of the hydrogel reached 30.7 kPa in the porcine skin‐adhesive model owing to the large number of free phenolic hydroxyl groups on GCol. Furthermore, GCol‐MX‐PAA could be applied to monitor large and subtle activities of human body due to the excellent electrical conductivity of MXene. Thanks to the outstanding photothermal conversion performance of MXene, the hydrogel could kill E. coli and S. aureus effectively under NIR irradiation. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity test performed on L929 fibroblasts demonstrated the desirable biocompatibility of GCol‐MX‐PAA. The design strategy in this work gives guidance for the development of multifunctional collagen‐based hydrogel in a wide range of applications.

Highlights

Versatile hydrogel constructed from GA‐modified collagen, PAA, and MXene.

The composite hydrogel displays improved mechanical properties.

This hydrogel possesses superior tissue adhesion and strain sensitivity.

This hydrogel shows desired photothermal antibacterial property and biocompatibility.
The future of dicing is here
Authors: Vainoris Modestas , Nacius Ernestas , Šlevas Paulius , Sabonis Vytautas
Published: September 2023

The submicron era is here, and the projections show that the need will only increase for wafers, glass, ceramics, and metal parts with micron and sub‐micron‐level features on them. Such parts could be readily assembled into multi‐layered chips or devices, but still require some dicing. The highly flexible FemtoGlass system with Workshop of Photonics' (WOP) patented cutting technology [1] offers highly efficient and precise dicing solutions with a small heat‐affected zone (HAZ) and low surface roughness.
“The trick is to find out where those opportunities are”
Authors: Castelo‐Porta Antonio
Published: September 2023

The head of the Swedish supplier of compact single‐frequency cw lasers, pulsed lasers and laser combiners in an interview with EPIC's technology manager for biomedical and lasers.
Ag‐based bimetallic clusters as catalysts for p‐nitrophenol reduction by glycerol: A DFT investigation
Authors: Khandelwal Akshita , Khan Danish , Kuntail Jyoti , Sinha Indrajit
Published: September 2023

Reducing p‐nitrophenol (PNP) to p‐aminophenol is an industrially relevant synthesis. Nevertheless, only a few heterogeneous catalysts have been evaluated for the reduction of PNP by glycerol. Appropriate quantum computational studies can screen potential catalysts for this crucial green reaction. The present research investigates the catalytic activities of Pd@Ag and Ni@Ag core‐shell nanogeometries toward PNP reduction by glycerol through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The central atom of a geometry‐optimized 13‐atom Ag cluster was replaced by Pd and Ni atoms to create the core‐shell morphologies. The interaction energies of PNP and glycerol with each of the (metal/bimetallic) clusters were evaluated by DFT calculations to find the best PNP and glycerol molecule orientation with the respective bimetallic cluster. Electrostatic potential surface and natural bond orbital analyses were performed to study the charge distribution and transfer between atomic orbitals. The frequencies of vibrational modes in isolated PNP/glycerol structures were compared to those when these molecules were in the presence of the different metal clusters to infer the effect of the interactions. All performed analyses indicated improved catalytic activity toward PNP reduction by glycerol upon Ni‐doping of the Ag13 cluster.
Infrared pulsed fiber laser‐produced gold and silver‐109 nanoparticles for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of steroid hormones
Authors: Płaza‐Altamer Aneta , Kołodziej Artur , Krupa Zuzanna , Nizioł Joanna , Ruman Tomasz
Published: September 2023

Rationale

Hormones are compounds that perform many important functions in the human body, but above all their task is to maintain homeostasis by adapting them to the constantly changing environmental conditions. Even minor hormonal disorders have a negative effect on the body, leading to physical or mental changes. Therefore, monitoring these changes and precise quantification of hormones are essential for the early diagnosis of diseases related to hormonal disorders.

Methods

Application of monoisotopic silver‐109 and gold nanoparticles obtained by PFL (pulsed fiber laser) 2D GS (galvo‐scanner) LGN (laser‐generated nanomaterial) for high‐resolution laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of steroid hormones is presented. Four steroid hormones, estrone, prednisolone, corticosterone and progesterone, were used as test compounds for quantitative analysis with matrix‐assisted LDI time‐of‐flight MS apparatus. Moreover, comparison of manual measurements and semiautomatic MSI with both types of nanoparticles was performed. Methods were also tested on spiked human blood serum for quantification of steroid hormones and for estimation of the matrix effect.

Results

Hormones were directly tested in 1 000 000‐fold concentration change conditions ranging from 1 mg/mL to 1 ng/mL which equates to 300 ng to 300 fg of hormone per measurement spot. For almost all tested hormones MSI allowed one to obtain equal or lower limit of detection value than manual LDI‐MS. The best results judged by lowest limit of detection values are found for silver‐109 nanoparticles.

Conclusion

The results of the quantitative analysis of steroid hormones using silver‐109 and gold nanoparticles prepared with PFL 2D GS LGN for LDI‐MS and semiautomatic LDI‐MSI are presented. It has been proven that nanoparticles obtained by laser synthesis can be successfully used for the analysis of steroid hormones in a wide range of concentrations.
Interfacial and Electronic Modulation of W Bridging Heterostructure Between WS2 and Cobalt‐Based Compounds for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Yaxin , Fang Tingting , Gao Juan , Ma Yurong
Published: September 2023

The development of high performance electrocatalysts for effective hydrogen production is urgently needed. Herein, three hybrid catalysts formed by WS2 and Co‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives are constructed, in which the small amount of W in the MOFs derivatives acts as a bridge to provide the charge transfer channel and enhance the stability. In addition, the effects of the surface charge distribution on the catalytic performance are fully investigated. Due to the optimal interfacial electron coupling and rearrangement as well as its unique porous morphology, WS2@W‐CoPx exhibits superior bifunctional performance in alkaline media with low overpotentials in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (62 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (278 mV at 100 mA cm−2). For overall water splitting (OWS), WS2@W‐CoPx only requires a cell voltage of 1.78 V at 50 mA cm−2 and maintains good stability within 72 h. Density functional theory calculations verify that the combination of W‐CoPx with WS2 can effectively enhance the activity of OER and HER with weakened OH (or O) adsorption and enhanced H atom adsorption. This work provides a feasible idea for the design and practical application of WS2 or phosphide‐based catalysts in OWS.
Bioinspired Hierarchical Multi‐Protective Membrane for Extreme Environments via Co‐Electrospinning‐Electrospray Strategy
Authors: Si Yifan , Yang Jieqiong , Wang Dong , Shi Shuo , Zhi Chuanwei , Huang Kaisong , Hu Jinlian
Published: September 2023

Extreme environments can cause severe harm to human health, and even threaten life safety. Lightweight, breathable clothing with multi‐protective functions would be of great application value. However, integrating multi‐protective functions into nanofibers in a facile way remains a great challenge. Here, a one‐step co‐electrospinning‐electrospray strategy is developed to fabricate a superhydrophobic multi‐protective membrane (S‐MPM). The water contact angle of S‐MPM can reach up to 164.3°. More importantly, S‐MPM can resist the skin temperature drop (11.2 °C) or increase (17.2 °C) caused by 0 °C cold or 70 °C hot compared with pure electrospun membrane. In the cold climate (−5 °C), the anti‐icing time of the S‐MPM is extended by 2.52 times, while the deicing time is only 1.45 s due to the great photothermal effect. In a fire disaster situation, the total heat release and peak heat release rate values of flame retarded S‐MPM drop sharply by 24.2% and 69.3%, respectively. The S‐MPM will serve as the last line of defense for the human body and has the potential to trigger a revolution in the practical application of next‐generation functional clothing.
Progress on Single‐Atom Photocatalysts for H2 Generation: Material Design, Catalytic Mechanism, and Perspectives
Authors: Lu Lu , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Lu Qiuyang , Chen Baian , Chan Cheuk Hei , Wong Hon Ho , Huang Bolong
Published: September 2023

Solar energy utilization is of great significance to current challenges of the energy crisis and environmental pollution, which benefit the development of the global community to achieve carbon neutrality goals. Hydrogen energy is also treated as a good candidate for future energy supply since its combustion not only supplies high‐density energy but also shows no pollution gas. In particular, photocatalytic water splitting has attracted increasing research as a promising method for H2 production. Recently, single‐atom (SA) photocatalysts have been proposed as a potential solution to improve catalytic efficiency and lower the costs of photocatalytic water splitting for H2 generation. Owing to the maximized atom utilization rate, abundant surface active sites, and tunable coordination environment, SA photocatalysts have achieved significant progress. This review reviews developments of advanced SA photocatalysts for H2 generation regarding the different support materials. The recent progress of titanium dioxide, metal–organic frameworks, two‐dimensional carbon materials, and red phosphorus supported SA photocatalysts are carefully discussed. In particular, the material designs, reaction mechanisms, modulation strategies, and perspectives are highlighted for realizing improved solar‐to‐energy efficiency and H2 generation rate. This work will supply significant references for future design and synthesis of advanced SA photocatalysts.
Advanced Materials and Delivery Systems for Enhancement of Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cells
Authors: Li Tingxuan , Luo Ran , Su Lina , Lv Feng , Mei Lin , Yu Yongkang
Published: September 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy is a great success and breakthrough in immunotherapy. However, there are still lots of barriers to its wide use in clinical, including long time consumption, high cost, and failure against solid tumors. For these challenges, researches are deplored to explore CAR cells to more appliable products in clinical. This minireview focuses on the advanced non‐viral materials for CAR‐T transfection ex vivo with better performance, delivery systems combined with other therapy for enhancement of CAR‐T therapy in solid tumors. In addition, the targeted delivery platform for CAR cells in vivo generation as a breakthrough technology as its low cost and convenience. In the end, the prospective direction and future of CAR cell therapy are discussed.
Magnetohydrodynamic natural convection of a reacting hybrid nanofluid in a porous wavy‐walled cavity
Authors: Roy Nepal Chandra , Monira Sherajum
Published: September 2023

Natural convection of a chemically reacting hybrid nanofluid in a closed wavy‐walled cavity embedded in a porous medium is investigated with an inclined magnetic field. The left wall of the cavity is assumed to be wavy and the walls are maintained at the surrounding temperature. Governing equations are transformed into dimensionless equations which are solved using the finite difference method. To validate the solving procedure, a grid sensitivity test and a comparison with published results have been carried out. Streamlines, isotherms, and isolines of concentration are discussed for varying Rayleigh number (Ra), Hartmann number (Ha), Frank‐Kamenetskii number (Fk), Darcy number (Da), combined buoyancy parameter (N), and nanoparticle volume fractions (φ1 and φ2). Streamlines show clockwise and anticlockwise vortices irrespective of the parameters. For Fk = 0.5, the maximum stream function (ψmax) is 0.64 and the maximum temperature (θmax) is 0.20 while for Fk = 2, ψmax and θmax are 4.08 and 1.36, respectively. Besides, for Ha = 0, ψmax and θmax are 1.61 and 0.379, however, for Ha = 100, ψmax is 0.90 and θmax is 0.377. Maximum temperature is increased with an increase in Ra, N, and Fk, whereas it is decreased with the augmentation of Ha and Da. Isolines of concentration show reverse characteristics of temperature. An increase in Ra, Da, and Fk enhances the intensity of streamlines but the opposite is observed for higher Ha, N and volume fractions. Moreover, the eyes of the vortices are distorted in the direction of the magnetic field.
Quails
Authors: Downey Michelle C. , Hernández Fidel , Bristow Kirby D. , Cardinal Casey J. , Cline Mikal L. , Kuvlesky William P. , Miller Katherine S. , Montalvo Andrea B.
Published: September 2023

Six species of quails occur on western United States (U.S.) rangelands: northern bobwhite, scaled quail, Gambel’s quail, California quail, Montezuma quail, and mountain quail. These quails are found across a variety of vegetation types ranging from grasslands to mountain shrublands to coniferous woodlands. Given their ecological importance and gamebird status, there is considerable conservation, management, and research interest by ecologists and the public. Western quails in general are r-selected species whose populations are strongly influenced by weather. Based on Breeding Bird Survey data, 3 species are declining (northern bobwhite, scaled quail, and mountain quail), 2 species have inconclusive data (Gambel’s quail and Montezuma quail), and 1 species is increasing (California quail). Grazing represents a valuable practice that can be used to create or maintain quail habitat on western rangelands if applied appropriately for a given species, site productivity, and prevailing climate. Invasive, nonnative grasses represent a notable threat to quails and their habitat given the negative influence that nonnative grasses have on the taxon. Numerous conservation programs exist for public and privately-owned rangelands with potential to create thousands of hectares of habitat for western quails. Although the taxon is relatively well-studied as a group, additional research is needed to quantify the cumulative impact of climate change, landscape alterations, and demographic processes on quail-population viability. In addition, research on quail response to rangeland-management practices is limited in scope (only 1–2 species) and geographic extent (mostly Texas, Oklahoma, and New Mexico) and warrants further investigation.