bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulation Variables Influencing the Development of Ketoconazole Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System
Authors: Al Hablawi Moamin Fattah , Jaffar Iman Sabah
Published: September 2024

Background: Ketoconazole (KZ) is categorized as class II according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BSC) classification, which shows a strong pH-dependent solubility where its solubility is enhanced under an acidic medium (pH below 3). This strong pH dependence results in unpredictable absorption and a wide range of bioavailabilities. Objective: To prolong the gastric residence time of KZ’s tablet to enhance KZ’s solubility and hence its bioavailability for better therapeutic activity. Methods: To prepare mucoadhesive tablets, we use both direct and wet granulation methods. We employed various evaluation tests to assess the prepared tablets. These tests encompass a range of assessments, including weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration test, swelling study, mucoadhesive strength study, and in vitro drug release studies. Results: The study found that polymer viscosity, as well as polymer concentration, have a significant effect on mucoadhesive strength and drug release, whereas diluent type has a non-significant influence on drug release. We selected Formula 7, which employs xanthan gum as a mucoadhesive polymer in a 1:1 drug polymer ratio, as the optimum formula because it provides an accepted physico-mechanical property and releases 87% of the drug over 8 hours. Conclusions: Gastric mucoadhesive tablets may be an effective method of delivering active ingredients, as they provide a favorable environment that enhances their dissolution by extending their duration in the stomach, thereby increasing their bioavailability.
Neutrophil/Lymphocyte and Platelet/lymphocyte Ratios as Predictors of Patient Response to Bevacizumab in Iraqi Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Faris Rasha Mahroos , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Delan Ayman Adnan
Published: September 2024

Background: Global clinical trials have shown that bevacizumab, along with chemotherapy, is beneficial for people with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Nevertheless, there isn't a useful biomarker to predict its effectiveness. Objectives: The study's goal was to analyze and evaluate the practical pretreatment biomarker in people with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to predict bevacizumab efficacy. Methods: This study, which is retrospective, includes 157 patients diagnosed with mCRC who received bevacizumab in association with chemotherapy from three centers in Iraq. The study looked at how clinical data and biomarkers relate to disease control (DC), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). It also looked at how well they could predict these outcomes. The cutoff values of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were examined with ROC analysis. Results: For all patients, the median follow-up duration was 12 months. The PLR, NLR and median alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were considerably lower in disease-control (DC) patients than in non-DC patients. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) baseline level significantly correlated with shorter OS, while the ALP baseline level did not significantly correlate with shorter PFS. Among the clinical data, only multiple organ metastases showed a strong correlation with a shorter PFS and OS. Conclusions: A low pretreatment N/L ratio and P/L ratio might be good predictors of bevacizumab efficacy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients, and it could be clinically useful for choosing responders.
Complete Response of an Iraqi Patient with Multiple Liver Metastasis, Colon Cancer and Deep Vein Thrombosis to XELOX/Bevacizumab Treatment
Authors: Faris Rasha Mahroos , Mohammed Mohammed Mahmood , Delan Ayman Adnan
Published: September 2024

Background: The incidence of colon cancer is rising globally, and several therapeutic techniques, such as surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy, are used to control this illness. Patients with initially treatable metastatic colorectal cancer and unresectable metastases receive preoperative chemotherapy. In patients with rapidly progressing cancer, this strategy aims to shrink the tumor, manage any micro-metastases, and avoid liver surgery. Case presentation: We present a rare case of an Iraqi patient with metastatic colon cancer and an initially unresectable liver metastasis. The patient initially experienced a partial response to chemotherapy with capecitabine, oxaliplatin (XELOX), and Bevacizumab, but after a few days, we observed deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We stopped the oxaliplatin and administered Capecitabine with bevacizumab as a chemotherapy treatment, observing no adverse effects during the therapy period and achieving a complete response with Capecitabine and bevacizumab. Conclusions: The full response in the liver and colon after treatment, which reduced the patients' treatment burden, was the case's unique result. Additionally, this study highlights deep vein thrombosis as a critical problem that can arise with the use of oxaliplatin.
Efecto de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre variables biopsicosociales en pacientes con diagnóstico de Sida
Authors: Correa Fernandez Jose Tonatiuh , Enriquez-del Castillo Liliana Aracely , Lopez Alonzo Salvador Jesus , Quintana-Mendias Estefania , Cervantes Hernandez Natanael , Flores Olivares Luis Alberto , Chávez Zamarrón Patricia
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Describir los efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico sobre las variables biopsicosociales en pacientes con diagnóstico de SIDA, en estadio 3 de la clasificación del CDC, derechohabientes del CAPASITS de la ciudad de Chihuahua.
Metodología: estudio cuasi experimental, pre-post con medidas individualizadas. Se evaluaron 6 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico clínico de SIDA los cuales se dividieron en un grupo experimental quienes participaron en el programa de ejercicio físico durante 3 meses, 3 veces por semana a intensidad moderada y un grupo control. Se evaluó valor de células CD4, composición corporal con equipo de bioimpedancia eléctrica Tanita BC-568, capacidad cardiorrespiratoria con el test de los 3 minutos, fuerza de tronco superior e inferior, flexibilidad con la batería EuroFit, fuerza prensil con el dinamómetro Handy-Grip-D y aspectos psicosociales con los test WOQOL-BREF, BDI-II y BAI.
Resultados: El principal resultado se observa en el aumento de las capacidades físicas del grupo experimental, sin modificaciones en la composición corporal y una variación en los aspectos psicosociales sin aumento en el conteo de células CD4.
Conclusiones: un programa de ejercicio físico para pacientes con SIDA tiene influencia positiva en las capacidades físicas, ansiedad y depresión, mas no en la composición corporal ni en los niveles de CD4
Deep Learning Driven LSTM with Spider Wasp Optimizer Algorithm for Frictional Force Based Landslides Prediction Model
Authors:   Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India, Domi Domi ,   Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India, Usha G.
Published: September 2024

Landslides establish a main geologic threat of strong concern in many parts of the world. The vigor of soil, rocks, or other rubbish moving down a slope can destroy whatever in its track. Landslides happen in an extensive variety of geological and structural settings, geomechanical contexts, and as a response to numerous triggering and loading procedures. They are frequently related to other main natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, and volcanic waves. Landslides occasionally attack without noticeable warning. While only some cases have been examined the earlier, modern monitoring models are certain to deliver a wealth of novel quantitative observations based on SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and GPS technology for mapping the surface velocity area. This study emphasizes the latent of incorporating advanced machine learning (ML) models with geophysical data to improve prediction of landslides and risk management strategies. This study develops a Predicting Landslides with frictional-based Deep Learning using Spider Wasp Optimizer (PLFFDL-SWO) Method. The major intention of the PLFFDL-SWO technique lies in the robust frictional force based on predicting landslides. In the presented PLFFDL-SWO model, Z-score normalization is performed to transform the raw data into compatible format. Then, the long short-term memory (LSTM) model is utilized for the prediction of landslides. LSTM is a recurrent neural network (RNN) type, for predicting landslides based on frictional force data. Traditional landslide prediction methods often struggle with temporal dynamics and nonlinear relationships inherent in geophysical data. Finally, the spider wasp optimizer (SWO) algorithm is exploited for the optimal hyper parameter adjustment of the LSTM model to improve prediction accuracy. The experimentation result investigation of the PLFFDL-SWO technique can be examined by employing a benchmark dataset. The simulation outcomes reported the supremacy of the PLFFDL-SWO technique under different measures
Perkembangan Psikologi Siswa: Studi terhadap Harapan Orang Tua Tunggal
Authors: Affa Rima Faiqotul , Hidayat Rian Rokhmad
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perkembangan pendidikan siswa bagi harapan orang tua tunggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus, subjek penelitian ini dengan kriteria laki-laki usia 16 tahun yang memiliki orang tua tunggal akibat perceraian. Pola Asuh orang tua memengaruhi perkembangan Pendidikan siswa, khususnya dalam hal kemampuan mengendalikan diri, prilaku dan motivasi belajar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian pada subjek menunjukkan bahwa pengasuhan orang tua tunggal menggunakan pola asuh dan berdampak pada ketidak mampuan untuk mengendalikan diri dan perilaku yang kurang baik. Subjek sangat sulit untuk menahan rasa malas, melanggar aturan sekolah dengan membolos pelajaran sekolah, mengganggu teman, tidak mengerjakan tugas, tidak memperhatikan pelajaran, dan mudah menyerah pada saat menghadapi kesulitan serta kurang mau berusaha dan kurang memiliki daya juang.
Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Najwa Sonya , Ramadan Zaka Hadikusuma
Published: September 2024

Perubahan kurikulum dari kurikulum 2013 menjadi kurikulum merdeka membawa banyak perubahan salah satunya status mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang lebih jelas dari sebelumnya terutama pada jenjang Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesulitan belajar yang dialami peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 131 Pekanbaru pada mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang baru diajarkan di kurikulum merdeka. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Sumber penelitian ini ialah kepala sekolah, guru pengampu bahasa Inggris serta peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 131 Pekanbaru. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, observasi dan telaah dokumen. Menggunakan teknik analisis yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat delapan peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan belajar bahasa Inggris terutama pada aspek reading, writing dan listening. Adapun penyebabnya antara lain: kurangnya minat peserta didik terhadap mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris, keterbatasan sumber belajar dari sekolah serta kurangnya bimbingan orang tua kepada peserta didik.
Adwokat Jakub Jacyna 1963-2024
Authors: Bergier Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Brak
Rainfall modeling with CMIP6-DCPP outputs and local characteristic information using eigenvector spatial filtering varying coefficient (ESF-VC)
Authors: MAHKYA DANI AL , DJURAIDAH ANIK , WIGENA AJI HAMIM , SARTONO BAGUS
Published: September 2024

Estimating rainfall at a point or region is difficult because complex factors affect rainfall.  A helpful strategy is to utilize the GCM output information from CMIP6-DCPP by forming a functional relationship between GCM output data and rainfall data at a certain point or region, called statistical downscaling.  However, because the resolution of the GCM  output is relatively low, the model could not explain the local effects since the heterogeneity is enormous.  Based on this fact, the current research proposes to add some local characteristics in the downscaling model to improve the performance to predict the rainfall levels.  Further, the rainfall levels have spatial dependencies among points.  Therefore, this research employed the Eigenvector Spatial Filtering-Varying Coefficient (ESF-VC) as the methodology of the modeling. The objective of this research is to perform rainfall predictive modeling with CMIP6-DCPP output and some local characteristic information as predictors using ESF-VC methodology.  The approach was implemented to predict the rainfall level in the Province of Riau in Indonesia.  Based on the results, the ESF-VC model provides good performance in estimating rainfall in Riau.  The variables that provide local effects are  altitude, equator (location), equator (distance), and wet month dummy.  While the variables  ENSO and vegetation (NDVI) have a significant global effect on the model.
Univariate and multivariate imputation methods evaluation for reconstructing climate time series data: A case study of Mosul station-Iraq
Authors: QARAGHULI KHALID , MURSHED M. F. , M. SAID M. AZLIN , MOKHTAR ALI , ROUSTA IMAN
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive climate time series data is indispensable for monitoring the impacts of climate change. However, observational datasets often suffer from data gaps within their time series, necessitating imputation to ensure dataset integrity for further analysis. This study evaluated six univariate and multivariate imputation methods to infill missing values. These methods were applied to complete the subsets of time series data for precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity from Mosul station spanning 1980–2013. Artificial gaps of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% missing observations were introduced under scenarios of missing completely at random (MCAR) missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR). Evaluation metrics including RMSE and Kling-Gupta Efficiency were utilized for performance evaluation. Results revealed that seasonal decomposition was the most effective univariate imputation method across all variables. For the multivariate imputation, kNN demonstrated superior performance in infilling the precipitation missing data under MCAR, while norm.predict exhibited optimal performance in the temperature missing data under all missing scenarios. Moreover, missForest was identified as the most suitable method for infilling missing relative humidity data. This study's methodology offers insights into selecting appropriate imputation methods for other climate stations, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the climate change effects analysis.
Drought assessment in Kabul River basin using machine learnings
Authors: KHAN UZAIR , KHALIL ALAMGIR , JAN SHABIR
Published: September 2024

Droughts significantly impact water resources and agriculture, leading to economic losses and potential human fatalities. This study aims to predict droughts by analysing changes in the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for the Kabul River basin using data from 1981 to 2022. The research is divided into three phases: calculating SPEI, splitting the dataset into training (80%) and testing (20%) subsets, and evaluating model performance. Various machine learning algorithms, including XGBoost, Decision tree, AdaBoost, and KNN, were employed alongside different climatic variables. The models were assessed using statistical metrics such as R², RMSE, MAE, MSE for regression, and confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC AUC, and Log loss for classification. Results showed strong performance, with R² values of 0.97, 0.86, 0.92, and 0.96 for XGBoost, KNN, Decision tree, and AdaBoost, respectively. SPEI demonstrated significant potential for drought forecasting, and spatial distribution mapping revealed persistent moderate drought occurrences.
Mindfulness for Teachers: Strategies to Manage Stress and Improve Learning Quality in Madrasah
Authors: Gojali Imam , Hidayah Fathi , Aniati Ana , Baharun Hasan
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing stress and improving the mental well-being of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers at school. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing stress and improving the mental well-being of PAI teachers. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research involving data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The results showed that mindfulness training significantly reduced stress and improved teachers' mental and emotional well-being, which positively impacted their interactions with students and the quality of teaching. This study implies that integrating mindfulness in teacher welfare management can be an effective strategy for improving the quality of education, especially in the context of Islamic education. This study also emphasises the importance of community support and a supportive learning environment in reinforcing the positive effects of mindfulness.
Prime Labeling of Some Graphs with Eisenstein Integers
Authors: Manaloto Korina Ernjulie , Santos Rovin
Published: September 2024

A graph on n vertices is said to admit a prime labeling if the vertices can be labeled with the first n natural numbers in such a way that two adjacent vertices have relatively prime labels. In this paper, we define an order on the set of Eisenstein integers to extend the notion of prime labeling of graphs to the set of Eisenstein integers. Properties of the ordering are studied to come up with prime labelings of some families of graphs such as the flower, wheel, centipede, and double broom graphs.
Uterocervical angle as a second trimester screening method for the prediction of preterm birth in a Filipino population in a tertiary government hospital
Authors: Reyes Deverly Rina , Velayo Clarissa
Published: September 2024

In the Philippines, universal screening in the second trimester for predicting preterm birth (PTB) has not been universally adopted and there is a lack of studies on screening locally. Recently, the uterocervical angle (UCA) has been introduced as another prediction tool for preterm labor hence it is important to validate its reliability and clinical utility.
Analisa Ratio lancar Dan Perputaran Piutang Terhadap Tingkat Pengembalian Asset Bisnis Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Tercatat Di Pasar Modal Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Yuslinda , Sawitry Ina , Noviarti
Published: September 2024

ABSTRAK   
           
            Penelitian bertujuan  mengevalusi dampak rasio lancar dan perputaran piutang kepada  tahap pengembalian asset  bisnis  Food and  beverage yang ada di Pasar Modal Indonesia (BEI) periode 2019 – 2022 secara terpisah dan bersama – sama. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 84 perusahaan  dan  24 perusahaan di jadikan sample menggunakan metode  pertimbangan (kriteria ) tertentu.Hasil pengujian menjelaskan  bahwa asset  lancar  memiliki dampak berbanding lurus kepada tingkat pengenbalian asset ,dimana t tabel (3,272 ≥ 1,98552 ) pada tingkat signifikansi 0,002.Sementara itu,perputaran piutang juga secara individu berpengaruh terhadap ROA,dengan hasil t tabel ( 2,142 ≥ 1,98552 ) dengan level signifikansi 0,035. Secara keseluruhan, ratio lancar  dan perputaran piutang  memilki pengaruh terhadap ROA sebesar 6,957 pada tingkat signifikansi 0,002.Hasil koefisien determinasi (R2 ) bahwa menunjukkan pengaruh current ratio dan perputaran piutang terhadap ROA sebesar 0,111menandakan bahwa 11% variasi dalam ROA dapat dijelaskan oleh kedua variabel tersebut. Dan 89% diluar dari variabel yang diteliti.
 
Kata kunci : Ratio Lancar ,Perputaran Piutang,ROA
ANALISIS PERSONAL BRANDING WILLIAM ADITYA SARANA SEBAGAI POLITISI MUDA MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Aldapratiwi Cyntia , Wahyono Agus
Published: September 2024

Revolusi di era digital yang didukung oleh perkembanganteknologi saat ini memudahkan manusia untuk saling terhubungdan berinteraksi. Media sosial, terutama Instagram, telah menjadialat yang efektif bagi tokoh politik untuk membangun personal branding dan melakukan kampanye politik secara digital. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembentukan personal branding William Aditya Sarana di Instagram dengan menggunakan kriteriaauthentic personal branding oleh Rampersad (2008), yang mencakup delapan karakteristik: keotentikan, integritas, konsistensi, spesialisasi, relevansi, visibilitas, ketekunan, dan kelakuan baik.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifatdeskriptif, dan metode penelitian studi kasus. Data diperolehmelalui wawancara mendalam dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa William Aditya Sarana berhasil memenuhikedelapan karakteristik authentic personal branding, sehinggamampu membangun personal branding yang kuat, otentik, dan positif di Instagram. Personal branding yang efektif inimenumbuhkan kepercayaan di benak audiens, membuat lebihbanyak orang tertarik dan mengikuti perkembangannya sebagaitokoh politik sehingga mendapatkan suara dalam pemilihan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan pentingnya media sosial dalamstrategi personal branding bagi tokoh politik di era digital.
Keywords: personal branding, Instagram, social media.
Ethical Use of Technology in Digital Learning Environments: Graduate Student Perspectives, Volume 2
Authors: Brown Barbara , Roberts Verena , Jacobsen Michele , Hurrell Christie , Travers-Hayward Mia , Neutzling Nicole , Templeman Joel , Steeves Marcia , Hendrickson Rob , Luinstra David , Humphreys Lindsay , Dunham Lacey , Maciach Michael
Published: September 2024

This book is the result of a co-design project in a class in the Masters of Education program at the University of Calgary. The course, and the resulting book, focus primarily on the safe and ethical use of technology in digital learning environments, and is the second volume in the series. The course was organized according to four topics based on Farrow’s (2016) Framework for the Ethics of Open Education. Students were asked to review, analyze, and synthesize each topic from three meta-ethical theoretical positions: deontological, consequentialist, and virtue ethical (Farrow, 2016). The chapters in this open educational resource (OER) were co-designed using a participatory pedagogy with the intention to share and mobilize knowledge with a broader audience. The first section, comprised of four chapters, focuses on topics relating to well-being in technology-enabled learning environments, including the use of web cameras, eproctoring software, video games, and access to broadband connectivity. The second section focuses on privacy and autonomy of learners and citizens in a variety of contexts from schools to clinical settings. In each of the seven chapters, the authors discuss the connection to the value of technology in education, and practical possibilities of learning technologies for inclusive, participatory, democratic, and pluralistic educational paradigms. The book concludes with reflections from the course instructor gained over two iterations of teaching the course.
Epistemology as the Locus of Teacher Competence
Authors: Kroman Nathan
Published: September 2024

The school is viewed as an element in a larger system of circular reasoning and circular causality which mitigates against genuine growth. Teacher education institutions have the potential to adaptively break into these circles by stressing those skills and attitudes from which innovation and growth have always sprung. Teacher competence should be defined as the extent to which a teacher can intellectually defend his practices and beliefs rather than as his conformity to current practices.
Student Behavior, the Depersonalization of Blame, and the Society of Victims
Authors: Duke Daniel L.
Published: September 2024

A review of various attempts to explain the causes of student misbehavior and escalating school discipline problems suggests that there has been a steady process of depersonalizing the blame for individual misconduct. The misbehaving student no longer seems to be held responsible for his actions. Various fa ctors, including family background, peer group influence, poor teaching, the school system, and society-in-general, are blamed for disobedience and disrespect. The author finds the decreasing emphasis on individual responsibility a disturbing development, one that threatens to create a society of victims.
Michael Polanyi: The University and the Technological State
Authors: Price G. L.
Published: September 2024

The problem of the intellectual independence of the university within a technologically oriented society, raised again recently by G.P. Grant, was one of the problems which motivated Polanyi's enquiry into the foundations of knowledge. The key elements of his resultant attempt to supersede objectivist accounts of science are isolated, and evaluated as an instance of political " theory" as discussed by Voegelin. Polanyi's final position is judged to be partially adequate to meeting the dilemmas that Grant identifies.
"Education and Social Integration" - Twenty-Five Years Later
Authors: Fennell Jon
Published: September 2024

In 1953 William 0 . Stanley wrote the prominent social reconstructionist treatise, Education and Social Integration. Fifteen years later he concluded that because of insufficient popular commitment, reconstruction had not occurred. Nevertheless, Stanley closed his 1968 address by reaffirming the fundamental commitment. of the Western people to democracy. The article which follows argues that Stanley even in 1968 is too sanguine: democratic reconstruction can take place only if establishment of the very commitment he assumes already to exist is made a primary goal of political education .
Systems Theory, Systems Technology, and Curriculum Design
Authors: Pratt David
Published: September 2024

The implications of systems thought for the design of curricula are examined. System Theory, which seeks an understanding of living systems, is distinguished from Systems Technology, the function of which is the design of contrived systems. It is argued that the system principles of unity and coherence, and of the centrality of purpose in open systems, can be readily applied to the design and illumination of curriculum . The cybernetic principles of feedback and requisite variety suggest conditions to be met in the design of instructional systems of high stability. The practices of modelling and simulation , drawn from Systems Technology, could be utilized by curriculum planners to achieve more efficient expression, communication, and manipulation of curriculum models.
Teacher Effectiveness: Accepting the Null Hypothesis
Authors: Sanders James T.
Published: September 2024

The contemporary behavioristic analysis of teaching and teacher effectiveness has assumed that there is a necessary empirical relationship between differences in teachers' classroom behaviors and levels of student achievement. It is argued that this assumption lacks both empirical support and conceptual plausibility. The consequences of " accepting the null hypothesis" of differential teacher effectiveness are discussed with reference to their implications for teacher evaluation , teacher accountability and teacher education.
Dewey on Rousseau: Natural Development as the Aim of Education
Authors: Fennell Jon
Published: September 2024

In Democracy and Education John Dewey is critical of Rousseau 's reference to human nature as a source of the aims of education. The essay shows that Dewey's critique fa ils because it is founded upon an incomplete understanding of Rousseau. More broadly significant is Dewey's neglect of the crucial role assumed by the Natural both in educational theorizing and in justification in general. Reference to the Natural serves to legitimize while diverting critical attention from the roots of the favored proposal.
Social Policy, 'Deviant' Children, and the Public Health Apparatus in British Columbia Between the Wars
Authors: Sutherland Neil
Published: September 2024

Recently I finished a study that described how, over the years from the I 880s to the 1920s Anglophone Canadians developed a cluster of social policies that, by and large, still govern their treatment of their children. 1 I am now pursuing two closelyrelated lines of research that flow out of that study. First, I am trying to find out how the mass of Canadians moved (or were moved) from the old forms to the new; how it was that they came to apply the new notions of child-rearing, the new health practices, and the new schooling to an ever-increasing proportion of their youngsters. Second, I am trying to find out how families and children actually lived their lives under the new arrangements. This paper outlines some of my early discoveries in response to my first topic.
Economic Thought and Educational Policy-Making: An Historic Perspective
Authors: Ricker Eric W.
Published: September 2024

Economic thought about education has been different in each of three reasonably distinct periods. Until the 1950's economists demonsttated little concern about the relationship between education and society's economic performance. In the 1960's the neoclassical school became preoccupied with education's investment potential, and its views meshed with those of the Keynesians to form a consensus on greatly increased expenditures . In the I 970's, the judgement was reversed . In all periods the views of economists have had an important influence on educational policy-makers.
Zemecha - Assessing the Political and Social Foundations of Mass Education in Ethiopia
Authors: Milkias Paulos
Published: September 2024

Zemecha 's philosophy of education is that politics and education should not be separated. Education must be for the common good; manual work and intellectual education should always go hand in hand. According to the author, the philosophy, the general mobilization, and the successful campaign of the z.emecha constitute a revolution in microcosm which sets a good example for the future advancement of the developing world.
Creativity and the Standard's Question
Authors: Williams Anthony
Published: September 2024

The arguments of three cri tics of attempts to expand children's creativity in the classroom are examined. While flaws in theory and practice are admitted , it is maintained that the critics apply standards to creative education that are not applied to general classroom teaching, and that there is a tendency to select from inferior practices and overrestricted examples to support the ircriticism.
Giovanni Gentile: Mussolini 's Favorite Educational Philosopher
Authors: Wall A. J.
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses the thought of Giovanni Gentile, philosopher, minister for education under Mussolini, and Fascist polemicist. It examines his epistemology and his philosophy of the person and of society, looking for the grounds for his adherence to Fascist policy in his political stance and some aspects of his educational ideas. It is concluded that his political stance was by no means an unavoidable conclusion from his general philosophical position.
Thoughts On Conceptual Analyses of Teaching
Authors: Kilbourn Brent
Published: September 2024

Philosophical analyses of the concept of teaching have the potential for contributing to our understanding and practice of teaching. Yet this body of literature is often remote to educators outside the tradition of philosophical analysis. Two analyses are compared in order to comment on the function, method, and importance of conceptual analyses of teaching.
Literature Review: Incorporating Childhood Into the History of Education
Authors: Finkelstein Barbara
Published: September 2024

In 1962, when the translation of Phillipe Aries, Centuries of Childhood appeared and again in 1974 as Lloyd deMause's essay exploring the evolution of childhood emerged, the history of childhood and the history of education constituted two distinct and unrelated fields of inquiry. At that time, historians of education were in the process of reconstructing the very definition of their field. Some, like Lawrence A. Cremin, advanced a view that the history of education would best be understood if historians broadened their understanding of education to include the analysis of cultural transmission as it proceeded in families, churches, colleges, universities, mass media of communication, museums, libraries as well as schools.
Limitations in the Ideological Analysis of Dewey's Logic
Authors: Miranda Wilma
Published: September 2024

In their ideological analysis of his method of inquiry, revisionist historians have charged that John Dewey's work served as an apology for a class based industrial order. In short the claim is that Dewey's method failed to achieve critical independence from the political/economic order it sought to interpret. The strength of this claim against Dewey can only be determined by specific, piecemeal, and careful consideration of the logical features of his work. This article identifies ambiguities in Dewey's use of the concept 'communication' and shows how these prevented him from developing a clearer analysis of the relationship of profound conflicts of interest to the operation of methods of inquiry.
Computers in Institutions of Higher Learning
Authors: Levin John
Published: September 2024

In post-secondary education the computer presence has the potential to transform curricular as it is presently understood. An exarnple of this transforrn at ion would be a shift frorn the dominance of declarative knowledge to an emphas is on procedural knowledge. To date. however, computers arc utilized to further entrench learning objectives. They are adaptations that serve curricula which is product oriented and divided into disc rete units for efficiency. Institutions of higher learning confront an electro nic technology that could alter traditional approaches to knowledge. A rejection of this technology, or at least a rejection of what can be learned frown it , will limit the social relevance of Canadian institutions of higher learning.
The Erosion of Professional Schools: The Right Blend in a Time of Decline
Authors: Berger Carl F.
Published: September 2024

" Schools of Art , Education and Natural Resources to be reviewed! " read the headlines in Michigan Daily, soon to be followed by smaller but equally as serious headlines in the Ann Arbor News, The Detroit Free Press and, yes, even the New York Times. What followed was two years of agonizing effort by the students, faculty and administration of a major, Big Ten University to grapple with the perceptions, hopes and reality of a review that would leave in its wake a demoralized faculty and reduced enrollment. The School of Education, rated number one in the United States by at least one outside reviewer, was being challenged by the spectra of closure. Closure of a school of education in a university noted for having the first permanent chair, in 1879, devoted exclusively to the training of secondary school teachers and administrators; closure of school noted for having John Dewey so involved in teaching and research that he forgot and left the perambulator containing his baby in front of the Ann Arbor post office one sunny day; closure of a School of Education rated in 1977 as having the best undergraduate teacher education program and in 1983 the best graduate teacher preparation program . The fact of review sank in slowly for the faculty and students and is still sinking in. With relief, we can say that the recent reports of our demise have been greatly exaggerated. The fact is not that the School of Education is headed for closure but that the School of Education at The University of Michigan will take a 40% budget cut over the next five years.
Scholarly Concerns of a Faculty of Education
Authors: Shapiro Bernard J.
Published: September 2024

To return, however, to "the right blend," it is hard to imagine a topic more precisely in tune with the temper of our times. It would appear that in the years immediately ahead, there will be a period of general uncertainty, one that will introduce doubt about the appropriate purposes not only about university faculties but of all our social institutions and arrangements. This would appear to be the case whether one takes the "long" or the "short" historical view.
The Allure of Rationalism in Educational Thought: The Case of Imre Lakatos
Authors: Welch Anthony R.
Published: September 2024

Theories of Science have been a significant source of inspiration for scholars concerned with educational theorizing. The current article deals with the rationalist influence on educational thought, in particular the appeal of Imre Lakatos to educational theorists of the last few years. It is argued that rationalist philosophy of science transcends political barriers, so that the paradox of marrying an idealist anti-Marxist philosophy of science, to an anti-idealist Marxist world view, is suppressed.
Education Tomorrow
Authors: Dobinson Charles H
Published: September 2024

What criteria can one use in order to judge the suitability of the content of education at any given period of time? Only, it would appear on reflection, those which have underlain all teaching of young people at all times in all places; namely judgments upon the effectiveness of their studies in preparing them socially, intellectually and economically for their lives as adults.
The Use of Emancipatory Pedagogy In Teacher Education
Authors: Gordon Beverly M.
Published: September 2024

Teacher education in the United States is historically grounded in a nineteenth century conception of education, influenced to some degree by social Darwinism, and based on an efficiency, scientific deterministic model of teaching and learning.Using several examples of critical and emancipatory pedagogy drawn from the accounts of school teachers such as Warner, Brown, Searle, Shor and Freire, the author argues that through the study of these teachers, the methodologies and the lessons they teach, teachers receive what they need most "a for instance." These accounts can help all teachers make sense of, and hopefully envision and 'play with' ideas as they create, teach and reflect on their own lessons.
Interactionism in Psychology and Education: A New Paradigm or a Source of Confusion?
Authors: Violato Claudio
Published: September 2024

The nature of interactionism as manifested in psychology and education is examined. The author discusses the historical , conceptual, and methodological bases of interactionism, reviews pertinent research , and concludes that interactionism (person-by-situation study in personality psychology and A TI in educational study) is little more than the proclamation of a truism . Moreover, he argues, the focus on interactionism has contributed more confusion than clarity since the need for a better understanding of the person factor in the classical B = f (P ,S) has been obscured.
What To Teach in Moral Education: Lessons From Research On Age and Sex Differences in Adult Moral Reasoning
Authors: Hunter William , Pratt Michael
Published: September 2024

Research on moral reasoning in adults has developed largely on the basis of studies involving students in the age range 18-25 years. Until recently, this research also was characterized by a disproportionate use of male subjects. Over a period of five years, the authors and their colleagues conducted a series of studies aimed at clarifying the nature of sex differences and age differences in the moral reasoning of adults in three broad age groupings - under 25, 35-50, and over 60. This paper attempts to summarize the major conclusions from this body of research and to use it as the basis for suggesting changes in both the content and the teaching methodology used in programs of moral education for both adults and children.
Human Nature and the Development of Character: The Clash of Descriptive and Normative Elements in John Stuart Mill's Educational Theory
Authors: Miller Peter J. , Kim Ki Su
Published: September 2024

John Stuart Mill" s ideas concerning character development as a central educational aim ex pressed a widely held ideal of his age, that through education man could rise above his nature and become a fully developed human being at one with himself and at the same time committed to the welfare of his fellows. It is an ideal to which politicians and educators. Particularly in today's climate of economic difficult y and apparent social disharmony have continued to cling. For Mill as indeed for contemporary educational theorists character development was to be based firmly on a science of man and human development. This paper examines the relationship between Mill 's normative goals and his pedagogical science and following an analysis of the centrally important issue of freedom versus determinism. concludes that Mill 's normative ideals were, in fact, unrelated to and certainly could not be realized within the framework of his descriptive theory of man.
Adult Education and Health Professions Training: A Paradox?
Authors: Cranton Patricia , Kompf Michael
Published: September 2024

Although health professions training, by definition, is a subset of adult education, the two fields are disparate in terms of their theoretical foundations and their practice. In this paper, adult education is used as a framework for the analysis of teaching in the health professions. Implications are discussed in tem1s of theory-building in both areas, research, and practice.
La Formation des Enseignants et le Bilinguisme: L'Experience de la Saskatchewan
Authors: Moeller Paulette , Gervais Fernand , Douaud Patrick
Published: September 2024

This article examines the training of French teachers in Canada in the context of current bi lingual policies. The focus is on a Saskatchewan case, but the issues raised concern the teaching profess ion at large, as they bear on the nature of its education, its opportunities for retraining and its place in a context that is officially both bilingual and multicultural.
Socialisation, social change and ideology in adult education
Authors: O'Sullivan Denis
Published: September 2024

In this article I hope to outline some concepts from adult sociali sation theory and demonstrate their utility for the way we think about adult education, particularly in relation to social change and ideology. The article has been occasioned by the author's attempt to grapple with the probl em of valueimposition in relation to a social studies course he has been teaching for a number of years.
The Decima Research English Curriculum
Authors: Gambell Trevor J.
Published: September 2024

ln this final decade of the millennium Canadian educators at all levels are being asked to justify their programs and instruction in terms of the requirements of business and industry. Curriculum development does not escape such scrutiny. In this paper I describe the struggle that occurred over conflicting ideologies when a new English language arts K to 12 curriculum was being developed. I describe what occurred when a personal growth model of English language arts was directly challenged with an academic rationalist model justified on the basis of appeal to public opinion and the needs and requirements of technologically-sensitive commercial and industrial sectors. The struggle that took place in one Canadian province over what many educators consider to be the central subject area curriculum suggests that this ideological clash is likely to characterize the most serious challenge for professional educators in the decade of the 1990s.
The Sky's the Limit: Organizational Musings from the Kite Flyer
Authors: Shields Carolyn M.
Published: September 2024

Using the analogy of kites and kite flying, the author muses about how to free organizations from many of the mundane and prescriptive aspects which encumber them. The kite represents, in somewhat whimsical fashion, our educational organizations; the kite flyer becomes associated with the organization's leaders. The analogy permits the author to play with some notions concerning organization, leadership, ambiguity, and paradox which may facilitate a fresh examination of organizational effectiveness. A holistic approach which combines reality and fantasy, powerful external factors with profound internal insights, is advocated in this paper.
Literary Theory as Socio-Historical Convention and Cultural Transfer in the Classroom: A Review
Authors: Innes-Brown Malcolm , Innes-Brown Angela
Published: September 2024

In this artic le we examine the implications of literary theory in the light of social patterns which themselves define the parameters of culture in the classroom. If there are indeed social forces at work in our schools, literature is a means of giving expression to them and, as such, provides a frame of reference for the transfer of culture. With this in mind, the question of how theory establishes a frame of reference for guiding action or explaining social events is of primary concern. In relation to this question, the issue of how literature provides a vehicle for transferring culture assumes importance. Our argument rests on the view that history is nothing more than the sum total of culturally determined events recorded at a particular point in time and disseminated to the world at large through literature. Does this mean that literary theory may be used to predict cultural transference in the classroom? We review the limitations of this question and conclude with a discussion of some empirical implications for research.
The Infant of Prague
Authors: Hunter William J.
Published: September 2024

We'd just finished the Pledge of Allegiance when Sister started in: "I want to tell you children about something that happened this morning, something that made me very angry." She didn't have to say the angry part. Nobody reaches the age of eleven without knowing angry when he hears it. And when an eleven-year-old hears angry they know who the angry is at- me, for instance. So, when Sister Komada raised her voice, she also flipped the old guilt switch in my eleven year- old head: "Damn, what did I do now?"
The Concept of Policy Paradigm: Elaboration and Illumination
Authors: O'Sullivan Denis
Published: September 2024

Using the educational system of the Irish Republic as the cultural setting, the concept of policy paradigm as an analytical tool for use in policy studies in education is developed. Policy paradigms are defined as frameworks embodying linguistic, normative, and epistemic dimensions, among others, that govern the policy process. Three characteristics of the concept of policy paradigm - its components, regulatory power, and change - are described and illuminated in relation to those aspects of the Irish educational system that have been highlighted by cultural strangers. This exploration also facilitates an assessment of the contribution of cultural strangers to educational change in an indigenous culture.
Science, Technology, and Society: Some Philosophical Reflections on a Grade 11 Course
Authors: Gardner Paul L.
Published: September 2024

In 1984 the Ministry of Education in British Columbia decided to introduce a Science and Technology course at Grade 11. The course focuses upon the relationships among science, technology, and society. Its introduction accompanied a policy decision mandating all Grade 11 students to take some science; about a fifth of Grade 11 students in the province take the course. Previous researchers have reported that the course suffers from a lack of academic status. In this paper I speculate that a contributing factor may be a deeply ingrained cultural one, namely that Aristotelian conceptions of the superiority of pure science over practical knowledge continue to affect the status of school subjects. I also question whether the course presents an accurate portrayal of the nature of technology and of the relationship between technology and science.