bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Standoff Photoacoustic Sensor for the Detection of Explosive and Hazardous Molecules
Authors: Sharma Ramesh , Kumar Subodh , Gupta Saurabh , Srivastava Hari
Published: August 2018

Standoff photoacoustic spectroscopic technique has been studied for the detection of hazardous molecules adsorbed on surfaces and in vapour/aerosols form in open air. Detection and identification of components in explosive mixtures in trace amounts is very challenging by any point or standoff spectroscopic detection technique. Discusses detection and identification of such components using standoff laser photoacoustic spectroscopic technique. Laser photoacoustic spectra of various trace molecules in the mid-infrared spectral band 7 μm - 9 μm have been recorded in vapor, aerosol, liquid forms as well as samples adsorbed on surfaces such as plastic and cloth. Pulsed quantum cascade laser is modulated at a frequency of 42 kHz resonant with that of microphone. Hazardous chemicals/explosives adsorbed on plastic and cloths surfaces were detected from a standoff distance up to 1.5 m. The sensitivities were found to be 20 μg/cm2, 20 μl liquid and 1.0 ppm corresponding to solid, liquid and vapour phases respectively. The chemicals/explosives used in the study were PETN, DNT, Acetone, and DMMP. Our study suggests that the photoacoustic technique has high selectivity and sensitivity for the trace detection and be used for screening of suspicious objects for security applications as a handy product.
Semiotic Processing in Working Memory
Authors: West Donna E.
Published: August 2018

The hitherto unrecognized task of Empirical Semiotics is to identify particular testing procedures which measure qualitative differences in how representations are processed. Elicited imitation (EI) can indicate the nature of the interpretants which hold between sign and object by tapping how meanings are processed in working memory (WM). The way in which linguistic forms are handled in WM reveals striking distinctions between interpretants which express a proposition, as opposed to those which are simply diagrammatic in nature. EI is the soundest method (compared to natural speech, grammatical judgments) to measure qualitative semiotic advances because it measures meaning changes accorded to the sign in WM. Subjects were instructed to provide word associations after each stimulus (twenty-four sentences) to guard against verbatim recall. Repetitions of the advanced groups more often contained meaningful substitutions (words/inflections), whereas word deletions were more often documented in the beginner groups. Findings indicate the propensity of the more advanced L2s to process signs as meaningful propositions – lower proficiency learners illustrating verbatim repetitions in Secondness (associating more diagrammatic interpretants), while more symbolic meanings surfaced (Thirdness) in advanced groups. The EI procedure constitutes the best method of tapping L2s interpretants which mediate sign–object relations.
Example, Metaphor, and Parallelism in the Object
Authors: Jappy Tony
Published: August 2018

The paper addresses the origins of Peirce’s innovative theory of the hypoicons from the Lowell Lectures of 1903, metaphor in particular, and seeks to justify Peirce’s definition of these by referring to his later, six-correlate theory of semiosis and the hexadic, 28-class typology it generated. After discussing Peirce’s apparent preference for metaphor over example as the realization of the third and most complex hypoicon, the paper goes on to substantiate in two ways the definition of metaphor as the representation in the sign of a parallelism in the structure of the object represented. First, it shows how the typology of 1908 accommodates the classification of a sign in relation to both dynamic and immediate objects more complex than itself. Second, by drawing on Peirce’s late conception of the object, it shows how the dynamic object can be formed from entities belonging to two or more different universes. At the same time, Peirce’s conception of signs and typologies is shown to evolve from a strictly phenomenological approach to the classification of signs involving three categories as distinguishing criteria in 1903 to an ontological framework characterized by three universes with respect to which the sign and its correlates were referred in classification in 1908.
Social Vulnerability Evaluation for Ankang City, China, using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Guo Xuesong , Kapucu Naim
Published: August 2018

A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process based model was proposed and evaluated for social vulnerability assessment using a case study. The evaluation process is formulated as a multiple criteria decision making problem under uncertainty, where the subjective and imprecise judgements of multiple decision makers are represented as fuzzy numbers. Based on factors extracted from literature review, the researchers determined the factor weights and calculated social vulnerability scores for each county (district) using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The researchers demonstrated how the social vulnerability scores of counties (districts) and factor weights change under different uncertainties via sensitivity analysis. The results were comparted with data produced by conventional Analytic Hierarchy Process to test performance of the proposed method. The results show social vulnerability of each county (district) in Ankang City, implying the Urban-Rural Gap exist in current Chinese disaster management system. Most important sub-factors contributing to social vulnerability were also highlighted according to the results on factor weights.
An Analysis of Limiting Cases for the Metal Oxide Film Growth Kinetics Using an Oxygen Defects Model Accounting for Transport and Interfacial Reactions
Authors: Samin Adib J. , Taylor Christopher D.
Published: August 2018

This work was motivated by the need to understand the passivation of metal surfaces to provide resistance against chemical degradation, given that corrosion is a major limiting factor in the operational lifetime of metals and their alloys. In this study, a unified analysis for an oxide growth model was presented. The oxide growth model was consistent with the literature and accounted for the transport of oxygen defects through a growing oxide film, as well as the electrochemical reactions of oxygen defects at the metal/oxide and oxide/environment interfaces. A linear potential profile across the oxide film was assumed. The model was analyzed for different rate limiting steps in the physicochemical process and perturbation techniques were utilized when necessary. The investigation yielded the well-known linear, parabolic, logarithmic and integral rate laws and the conditions that led to these rate laws were discussed.
Price Reaction of Airline Stocks after Accidents: International Evidence
Authors: Bergmann Daniel Reed , Oliveira Mauri Aparecido , Machado Victor Wood
Published: August 2018

Objective. In this paper we evaluate the reaction of airline stock prices after the occurrence of an extreme event, the air crash, based on international evidence.Methodology. We selected 49 cases that occurred between January of 1990 and April of 2011, we used the method of event studies. Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) was obtained through the simple addition of all abnormal returns contained in an event window. We also tested the existence of price reaction diﬀerences in high and low disclosure markets.Findings. The results obtained in this article, from a sample of 49 events, suggest that stock prices of air transport companies are instantaneously and negatively impacted by the occurrence of aerial accidents, average CAR of 4,3% until the tenth trading day after the event. And, this decrease in prices seems to be more pronounced when there are fatalities, but at the same time no diﬀerences were found due to the level of disclosure of the market in which the company is based. In addition, there appears to be a statistically signiﬁcant negative reaction to the air crash, resulting in loss of shareholder wealth. The analyzes indicate that, as expected, the events in which victims were found, the loss of value of the company was considerably higher.Originality/Value. This article, in a pioneering way, considers the level of disclosure typical of the markets in the evaluation of the reaction of the prices to the occurrence of aerial accidents.
Phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Al-Sharefi A , Perros P , James R A
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PHAEO/PG) are linked to hereditary syndromes including Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Current guidelines do not recommend biochemical screening for PHAEO/PG in asymptomatic or normotensive patients with NF-1. This strategy may miss preventable morbidities in those patients who ultimately present with symptomatic PHAEO/PG. Our aim was to review the literature and extract data on mode of presentation and the incidence of reported adverse outcomes.

Methods

PubMed and EMBASE literature search using the keywords ‘Phaeochromocytoma’, ‘Paraganglioma’ and ‘Neurofibromatosis’ was performed looking for reported cases from 2000 to 2018.

Results

Seventy-three reports of NF-1 patients with PHAEO/PG were found. Patients were predominately women (n = 40) with a median age of 46 years (range 16–82). PHAEO/PG was found incidentally in most patients, 36/73 did not present with typical symptoms while 27 patients were normotensive at diagnosis. Thirty-one patients had adverse outcomes including metastases and death.

Conclusion

Given the protean presentation of PHAEO/PG, relying on symptomology and blood pressure status as triggers for screening, is associated with adverse outcomes. Further studies are required to ascertain whether biochemical screening in asymptomatic and normotensive patients with NF-1 can reduce the rate of adverse outcomes.
Revisión de la osteoartrosis postraumática y aproximaciones medicolegales para su abordaje
Authors: Tamara-Patiño Liliana , Sánchez-Cardozo Óscar Armando , Fernández-Joaqui Ninfa Andrea , Hassan-Afifi-Alonso Magdolin Laila , Muñoz-Perdomo Luís Eduardo , Fontanilla-Duque Germán Alfonso , Sánchez-Otero Adriana Marcela
Published: August 2018

Propósito: el trauma articular puede conducir a un espectro de lesiones agudas. Aunque los síntomas agudos se resuelven y algunas de las lesiones pueden repararse quirúrgicamente, la lesión articular puede desencadenar un proceso crónico de remodelación en el cartílago y otros tejidos articulares que puede manifestarse como osteoartrosis postraumática (oapt). La finalidad del presente documento es recopilar información actualizada sobre los criterios para realizar la valoración forense de personas que puedan desarrollar esta condición en el contexto del sistema penal colombiano.Periodo que se abarcó, origen y tipos de publicaciones: se revisaron los artículos de las bases de datos Pubmed publicados durante los últimos 15 años con los descriptores relacionados, y se realizó búsqueda secundaria de referencias para contestar las preguntas formuladas.Punto de vista: la osteoartrosis postraumática tiene frecuencias variables de acuerdo con el tipo de lesión articular y su seguimiento es clínico y radiológico. Actualmente, hay tendencias a realizar diagnósticos previos a su diagnóstico, incluyendo la presencia de biomarcadores.Conclusiones: la revisión evidenció que para diagnosticar la oapt en lesiones graves pueden pasar de dos a cinco años, e incluso “décadas para fracturas menos severas”. El tiempo prolongado de diagnóstico de una oapt genera problemas para el abordaje forense. Se identifican factores de riesgo para desarrollar oapt en algunos tipos de lesión articular, a la vez que se establecen recomendaciones forenses para emitir conclusiones relacionadas.
Oil, Equities, and the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Datta Deepa , Johannsen Benjamin K. , Kwon Hannah , Vigfusson Robert J.
Published: August 2018

From late 2008 to 2017, oil and equity returns were more positively correlated than in other periods. In addition, we show that both oil and equity returns became more responsive to macroeconomic news. We provide empirical evidence and theoretical justification that these changes resulted from nominal interest rates being constrained by the zero lower bound (ZLB). Although the ZLB alters the economic environment in theory, supportive empirical evidence has been lacking. Our paper provides clear evidence of the ZLB altering the economic environment, with implications for the effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policy.
Methodology of expert evaluation of effectiveness of methods of organizational diagnostics
Authors: CHIBIKOVA T. V.
Published: August 2018

The article is devoted to the actual problem of assessing the effectiveness of consulting methods. Management consulting is a developing sphere of human activity. The technique of an estimation of efficiency of methods of organizational diagnostics is offered. The research was based on the problem of assessing the effectiveness of diagnostic methods in consulting using only economic indicators. According to the methodology, during the evaluation, the effectiveness of methods is is assessed in the light of costs and results, both should be similarly broken down into a number of elements. These elements were to be evaluated by experts. To confirm the validity of the results obtained, statistical indicators are used: variance of a random variable, standard deviation and coefficient of variation, which confirm (or disprove) the results of an expert poll.To approbate the methodology, a survey of experts elected among employees of consulting companies in Omsk was conducted. The survey data was analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the validity of the obtained survey results and the possibility of their practical application was concluded. The practical significance of the study is that it is possible to apply the methodology of interviewing experts in practice. The purpose of such surveys will be a regular reassessment and identification of the need for specific consulting methods for certain methods of organizational diagnostics.
Comparison analysis of passenger traffic by air and rail transport
Authors: Manvelidze A. B.
Published: August 2018

The article analyses passenger traffic distribution between air transport on domestic air routes and railway transport on the routes of large distances within the Russian Federation. The research objective is to define the air traffic increase potential especially on the distances up to 2500 km. City-pairs air passenger traffic and railway passenger traffic between the destination points statistics for 2014 and 2016, distances between the points of destination and actual economy class air fares and railway compartment carriage tariffs as well data on airports state in corresponding points of destination are used as original information.Pivot tables of traffic on 5 thousand routes by both modes of transport are drawn up.Specific traffic shares by air transport between points of origin (taking off) and destination (landing) are defined. Passenger traffic distribution is evaluated by distance intervals in Russian Federation as a whole and from major airports : Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Sochi and Simferopol. The analysis defines the trend of traffic share increase by air transport along with rising traffic distances. The research reveals that 94,2% of passenger traffic by rail and 83% of traffic by air are carried for the distances up to 2 500 km. The statistics example of passenger traffic from Moscow and Ekaterinburg demonstrates that regional routes with distances up to 1000 km are the main increase potential for the traffic growth. In 2016 traffic share by air transport for the distances interval up to 1000 km was 16%.According to the tariffs analysis the conclusion is made that air fares exceed rail tariffs on flight distances up to 1000 km (because of the short distances flight speculiarities) and on the routes to hard-to-reach and remote areas. Passengers choice in favor of air transport on regional routes depends on creation of economic conditions to attract more passengers.
Developing a new product development & launch process. Case: pharmaceutical market
Authors: Savin D. N.
Published: August 2018

Projects on development and a conclusion of new products to the market remain one of the most demanded in practice of the modern companies. In case of their successful realization the companies manage to increase significantly a market share, to attract new consumers, to raise level of the innovative activity, and also to improve financial performance. At the same time a fact of common knowledge is the high share of unsuccessful projects in the field of a conclusion of new products to the market, especially it is characteristic for pharmaceutical branch. Therefore, the purpose of this article is identification of the main channels of obtaining information by the consumer about innovative products, and; definition of the factors having impact on consumers at a choice of new products in the pharmaceutical market. As a result of research it is revealed that two components belong to factors of success of an innovative product: technical, defining high usefulness of an innovative product, and marketing, considering criteria of a choice of goods of consumers. In work it is shown that the majority of consumers as B2B, and B2C of segments during making decision on purchase rely on such source of information as the Internet. Thus, effective communication with potential consumers on the Internet will be one of major factors of success of start of a new product. Following the results of the conducted research it was defined that the main factors allocating an innovative pharmaceutical product are completeness of information on it, and also high level of client support. In this connection, for satisfaction of requirements, it is offered to start a hotel independent platform of support of start of an innovative product which will include: full information on properties of a product; all necessary technical documentation, and also the section devoted to support of potential clients. Practical realization of results of the conducted research is shown on the example of development of strategy of advance innovative BIOCAD company products.
Parametric strategic management: genesis & pracsis
Authors: Obydenov A. Yu.
Published: August 2018

The author’s concept of parametric strategic management approach is considered in accordance with generally accepted strategic management conceptions. Simultaneously the article makes an attempt to substantiate application of qualitative comparative analysis as a relevant method of empirical verification and to construct one-dimensional model of employee’s labor participation as the demonstration of practical application of the author’s concept
INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS ON THE POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Smirnova E. V.
Published: August 2018

The urgency of solving the problems of increasing the competitiveness of enterprises through the use of information systems is shown. The term «information system» is interpreted on the basis of Russian, international standards and federal laws of the Russian Federation. The essence and role of information systems in achieving business goals of enterprises is disclosed, the main types of information systems, their purpose and composition are described. The economic efficiency of the use of information systems is grounded.
STRATEGY OF CLINICAL NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT IN AMBULATORY AND POLYCLINIC ENVIRONMENT: PERSPECTIVES OF COOPERATION BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AND PRIVATE BUSINESS
Authors: Zubritsky V. F. , Kozin S. M. , Ikonnikov D. G. , Pilyus E. V.
Published: August 2018

This research is devoted to problems of organization and financing clinical nutrition system in ambulatory and polyclinic environment. First, an overview of foreign solutions is provided, including such contributors as state healthcare organizations and private investors. Second, an importance and necessity of solid clinical nutrition system existence is proved. Third, channels of public-private partnership model implementation are investigated and evaluated; moreover, the main objectives are set: these are to be solved using the public-private partnership model in order to achieve substantial progress in the clinical nutrition system development.
INVESTMENTS AND INNOVATIONS: ESSENCE, INTERACTION AND ROLE IN THE REPRODUCTION PROCESS
Authors: Khramtsova N. A.
Published: August 2018

Intensive formation of the investment and innovation process contributes to the diversification of the industry, the modernization of the basic spheres of the economy, thereby increasing the return on invested capital. Under investments we will become aware of a purposeful investment for a specific period of money in all its configurations.
NATIONAL MODELS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Nekhoda E. V.
Published: August 2018

There are reasons presence of national models of Corporate Social Responsibility in the article; we systematic criteria of comparative analysis of national models of Corporate Social Responsibility in the USA, Europe, Russia. We have identified features of models of Corporate Social Responsibility in Asia and Russia.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC BUSINESS ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANIES OF THE INDUSTRY OF FASHION
Authors: Lukyanova A. V.
Published: August 2018

Today practice of creation own online of business is widespread in the USA and Europe while in Russia similar practice only gathers gradually a turn. Nevertheless, in Russia start treating a similar kind of activity more seriously. An objective of this research - to determine expediency of maintaining by the luxury fashionable companies of commercial activity online on the example of the largest foreign players. As a result of research it is defined that purchase online of goods of haute couture – a question ambiguous as many do not find in general need for acquisition of similar things owing to economic prerequisites and personal claims. During research it was revealed that the beginning of active sales of luxury goods, in particular clothes subjects, can negatively influence brand representation for perception of the consumer. The following conclusion concerns the main channel of communications between the buyer and the seller. Despite probable negative effects of sales online, nevertheless, the companies should be reoriented and conduct vigorous marketing activity in a network. Physical shops – an important aspect of maintenance of the status, but it is possible to assume that this services industry is developed quite strongly. Other situation is about online marketiny for фэшн the industries, after all in fact, 10 years ago the companies as Chanel, Dior were categorically against similar shift of values towards digital technologies, today it is inevitable.
A Feasibility Study of Restorative Yoga Versus Vigorous Yoga Intervention for Sedentary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lapen Kaitlyn , Benusis Lara , Pearson Stephanie , Search Benjamin , Coleton Marci , Li Q. Susan , Sjoberg Daniel , Konner Jason , Mao Jun J. , Deng Gary
Published: August 2018

Yoga has been shown to improve cancer survivors' quality of life, yet regular yoga practice is a challenge for those who are sedentary. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled study to assess feasibility and adherence of two types of yoga intervention among sedentary cancer survivors. Sedentary breast and ovarian cancer survivors were randomized to practice either restorative yoga (minimal physical exertion, Group R) or vigorous yoga (considerable physical exertion, Group V) in three 60-minute supervised sessions a week for 12 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of home practice. Accrual, adherence, and attendance rates were assessed. Of the 226 eligible patients, 175 (77%) declined to participate in the study, citing time commitment and travel as the most common barriers. Forty-two subjects consented to participate in the study. Of the 35 participants who began the intervention (20 in Group R and 15 in Group V), adherence rate (percentage remaining in the study at week 12) was 100% and 87%, respectively. Rate of adequate attendance (more than 66% of the scheduled supervised sessions) was 85% and 73%, respectively. Rate of completion of the home practice period was 85% and 77%, respectively. In this study, sedentary cancer survivors were able to adhere to a long-term, regular yoga regimen. The rate of adequate attendance was higher for restorative yoga. Future studies for sedentary patients should focus on reducing time commitment and travel requirements to improve recruitment, and on using restorative yoga as a more feasible intervention for this population.
Youth religiosity as a mediator of the relationship between psychosocial factors and positive youth development
Authors: Hamzah 1 Siti Raba'ah , Mohamed 2 Nor Hidayah , Ismail 3 Ismi Arif , Samah 4 Bahaman Abu
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the mediating role played by youth religiosity in the relationship between the psychosocial factors of parental attachment, peer attachment, and institutional social bonding with positive youth development (PYD). PYD was based on the 5Cs (competence, confidence, connection, character, caring & compassion)model. This study involved a cluster sampling of 677 youths in Malaysian community colleges; their ages ranged from 18 to 23 years (M = 19.47; SD = 3.59). Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires. The findings indicated that youth religiosity fully mediated the relationships of parental attachment, as well as peer attachment with PYD. Religiosity also partially mediated the relationship between institutional social bonding and PYD. Hence the findings suggest that youth religiosity, which comprises ritualistic and prosocial behaviour, contributed considerably to positive youth development
Quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at Pulmonary Community Health Centre Makassar
Authors: Irianti Elva Cristy , A. A. Arsunan , Tahir Abdullah M.
Published: August 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes damage to lung conditions such as dyspnea that affects to social and psychological life of the sufferer which overall affects the quality of life. This reaserch aims to focuses on factors related to the quality of life patients with COPD at the Pulmonary Community Health Center, Makassar.Methods: This study used cross sectional study design. Population in this research were patients with COPD who undergo treatment period of October-December 2017 that was as much as 381. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling with total sampel 160 responden. Data analysis consisted of univariate, bivariate with chi square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.Results: The results showed that some respondents had poor quality of life (63.8%) and other respondents had a good quality of life (36.3%). Factors related to quality of life were the severity of COPD (p=0.028), comorbidity (p=0.001) and quality of sleep (p=0.005). A multivariate analysis showed that patients with comorbidity were at risk 2,716 times to have poor quality of life.Conclusions: The severity of COPD, comorbidity and quality of sleep were related to have poor quality of life. Patients with COPD should early diagnosis of severity and should change their lifestyle better so as not to aggravate the quality of life.
O USO METODOLÓGICO DA MÚSICA PARA A OTIMIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE LITERATURA
Authors: De Sousa Elizeu Arruda , Brito Juliana da Conceição
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo intitula-se “O uso metodológico da música para otimização no ensino de Literatura” e tem por objetivo demonstrar a  relevância das ações didáticas criativas com a utilização da música para despertar o interesse dos alunos pela disciplina em menção. Pode-se averiguar que o ensino de Literatura, muitas vezes, está desprovido de criatividade metodológica, não permitindo aos discentes ter uma aproximação consistente com a disciplina. É perceptível, no contexto escolar, que, com certa frequência, o trabalho didático com o texto literário fica limitado a certos procedimentos metodológicos que não envolvem os alunos de maneira que possam despertar interesse dos discentes; vários são os fatores que contribuem para que o ensino de literatura não seja desenvolvido de maneira satisfatória, dentre os quais se destaca a pouca prática de leitura entre os alunos e a ausência de metodologias mais instigantes e estimuladoras da aprendizagem discente. O artigo  pauta-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo-se respaldo em trabalhos de estudiosos, entre eles podem-se destacar: Bréscia (2003), Silva (2003), Oliveira; Soares (2005), Cosson (2004), Cereja (2005), dentre outros.  Tem-se, ainda,  o relato, na parte final desse artigo, do desenvolvimento das ações metodológicas com o uso da música em uma turma pertencente a uma escola da rede pública estadual da cidade de Caxias-Maranhão. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Música. Literatura. Metodologias.
CRENÇAS E ATITUDES LINGUÍSTICAS: O QUE DIZEM OS MARANHENSES SOBRE SUA FALA
Authors: Miranda Antonio Luiz Alencar , Vieira dos Santos Valdinete , Carvalho da Silva Frankilson
Published: August 2018

O estudo das crenças e atitudes vem se destacando no cenário da Sociolinguística Variacionista, pois, por meio desses dados, podemos esclarecer fenômenos não explicáveis pelo contexto linguístico e social. Dentro desse conjunto, outro fator é de suma importância para a análise de fatos voltados para a linguagem: as atitudes valorativas que cada falante assume frente à sua fala. Por essas razões, optamos como objeto de estudo as crenças e atitudes dos falantes da cidade de Caxias-MA, com os objetivos de pesquisar as crenças e atitudes linguísticas dos falantes caxienses em relação a sua língua. O corpus do trabalho constitui-se de registros orais coletados, por meio de entrevistas face a face, e que faz parte do projeto Atitudes Linguísticas dos falantes do Maranhão (ALFMA), com os informantes estratificados por sexo, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade. Ao todo, analisamos 36 entrevistas, tendo como base teórica, entre outros, os trabalhos Labov (2008), Weinreich, Labov e Herzog (2006), Tarallo (1990), Lambert & Lambert (1975), Lambert (1967), Bagno (1999), Miranda (2014). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para crenças e atitudes positivas em favor da língua falada por maranhenses e indicam os homens, a menor faixa etária e a menor escolaridade como as que avaliam que os maranhenses falam o melhor português. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sociolinguística. Crenças e atitudes. Variação. Mudança.
O livro dentro do livro em Avalovara
Authors: Lampe Leila , Andrade Ana Luiza
Published: August 2018

Em Avalovara, Osman Lins nos convida a experimentar o livro a partir do seu interior, moldando-o a partir de seus próprios códigos.
Um passado-presente em Rainha dos Cárceres da Grécia
Authors: Ferreira Marina dos Santos
Published: August 2018

O romance de Osman Lins, A Rainha dos Cárceres da Grécia, publicado em 1976, traz ao leitor uma construção espaço-temporal bastante particular ao retomar o período da Ocupação Holandesa no Nordeste brasileiro em princípios do século XVII. O presente artigo busca ler o modo como se dá esta construção no romance, a partir das paisagens produzidas naquele momento por artistas da comitiva holandesa, principalmente Frans Post. Trazendo para o presente da narrativa este passado remoto através de uma sobreposição paisagística, o romance nos permite pensar o presente à luz de elementos que hoje figuram como importante acervo iconográfico, problematizando e questionando parâmetros relativamente estáveis do ponto de vista da história tradicional.
Ideias e ideais em tempo de descrença: o lugar da cultura
Authors: Nery Rui Vieira
Published: August 2018

Trata-se da conferência de abertura do evento Noite das Ideias, que aconteceu em 25 de janeiro de 2018, na Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, em Lisboa, em comemoração aos cinquenta anos do maio de 1968. O evento, uma iniciativa do governo francês, integrou mais de quarenta cidades no intuito de celebrar o fluxo de ideias entre países, culturas, temas e gerações. Em jogo, o lugar da cultura na proposta de uma plataforma de convivência democrática entre olhares e sensibilidades culturais contraditórios, de identificação dos pontos viáveis de convergência e de respeito mútuo em torno das diferenças incontornáveis.
Teorema ou a ciência da estranheza
Authors: Fonseca João Barreto da , Morais José Elenito Teixeira
Published: August 2018

Pier Paolo Pasolini acreditava que o cinema era uma arte tão revolucionária que poderia com ela iluminar os momentos históricos obscuros, unir ética e estética na criação de um tipo de ciência nova, que pudesse libertar o homem de suas trágicas opressões, e, de quebra, demolir metaforicamente as edificações de sistemas opressores. Em Teorema, na residência da elite aristocrática de Milão, Itália, o escritor insere seu Cavalo de Troia: o estrangeiro. Mas, antes de gerar morte e destruição, Pasolini está interessado na demolição de hábitos e memórias, na intenção de traçar novos caminhos, outras composições, forçando a percepção à total perda de “eficiência”, desautorizando clichês, lançando os seus personagens num universo de uma brutal novidade. Como crítico da modernidade, em Teorema, livro e filme lançados em 1968, Pasolini não vê mais novidade nas vanguardas e aponta a destruição como um caminho.
Os quadrinhos são outros, ou Como a HQ moderna se origina e diferencia no quadro histórico de 1968.
Authors: Linck Vargas Alexandre
Published: August 2018

Na década de 1960, uma diferença se insiste no mundo dos quadrinhos. As tensões com o mundo da arte; a explosão dos quadrinhos undergrounds e dos mangás alternativos; a defesa da HQ autoral e voltada para o público adulto; a profusão das revistas satíricas e o surgimento dos álbuns eróticos e luxuosos; o encontro da intelectualidade com as histórias em quadrinhos etc. Esses acontecimentos parecem produzir um quadro histórico de contornos mais definidos em 1968, possibilitando à teoria dos quadrinhos contemporânea desenhar a linha de separação que origina a HQ moderna. Porém, cabe questionar radicalmente que diferença é essa que o moderno poderia enquadrar. Para tanto, calhará uma abordagem anacrônica da história, operando uma investigação conceitual a partir do próprio limite do conceito. Com ajuda de outros escritos oportunos do período por autores como Theodor Adorno e Jacques Derrida, espera-se tracejar como a diferença dos quadrinhos é cindida e decidida.
Arqueologia experimental guarani na formação de professores(as) em ciências humanas: uma experiência na cidade missioneira de São Borja
Authors: Pouey Vidal Viviane
Published: August 2018

o presente artigo aborda as atividades de ensino-aprendizagem da História Indígena Guarani realizadas com os Professores(as) em Formação em Ciências Humanas na UNIPAMPA, Campus São Borja a partir da Arqueologia Experimental. O objetivo central das atividades realizadas foi colaborar com a formação inicial dos professores(as), que irão atuar na educação básica, bem como difundir a importância da  arqueologia nos espaços escolares. Nessa perspectiva,  aliou-se a teoria das componentes curriculares: Metodologia para o Ensino em Ciências Humanas; Educação e Identidade na Fronteira Oeste; Educação e Patrimônio  com as práticas de ensino e confecção de réplicas da cerâmica Guarani. As oficinas  interdisciplinares possibilitaram aos licenciandos(as) um maior contato com a história indígena, sua arte e cultura, bem como permitiram a criação de espaços pedagógicos para a produção de recursos didáticos.
DROGAS E ALIMENTOS (IN) SAUDÁVEIS NO CONTEXTO DA GOVERNAMENTALIDADE NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Azevedo Elaine , Rosa Pablo Ornelas , Siqueira Marluce Mechelli de
Published: August 2018

Este estudo conceitual propõe uma problematização sobre os conceitos de drogas e alimentos, sem a pretensão de esgotar a temática ou definir uma relação, cujas fronteiras revelam-se porosas e flexíveis. Apresentamos um panorama de fatos que demonstram a variedade de atores e elementos discursivos envolvidos na construção social desses conceitos, bem como desejamos estimular estudos futuros que poderão garantir a consolidação de uma abordagem epistemológica sobre essa relação ainda vaga. Nossa análise gera questionamentos que apontam a impossibilidade de governamentalizar uma simplificação dos conceitos e apontam associações arbitrariamente imprecisas, construídas sob o aval do viés positivista-biologicista da medicina e da ciência moderna - supostamente isento de interesses políticos e econômicos - e da governamentalidade neoliberal tratada pela analítica foucaultiana como um conjunto de instituições, procedimentos, análises, reflexões, cálculos e táticas que possibilitaram um tipo de exercício de poder que tem a população como seu alvo; a economia política como principal forma de saber; e o dispositivo de segurança como seu instrumento técnico mais elementar. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresentado propõe ponderações acerca da imprecisão na atribuição da condição de drogas e alimentos, tendo em vista que ambos foram instrumentalizados historicamente de maneira indefinida, variando de acordo com as conjunturas e interesses que atravessam esses condicionamentos conceituais que ora qualificam certo produto - em decorrência de estratégias qualificadores - como alimento, ora o desqualificam tratando-o como drogas –  justamente por seus supostos prejuízos causado à saúde humana e/ou ambiental.
Dipstick urinalysis in children; reviewing a valuable but an underutilized diagnostic tool in developing countries (Preprint)
Authors: Anigilaje Emmanuel
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Dipstick urinalysis (DU) utilizes a reagent strip as a diagnostic chemical examination of the urine to determine the pathological changes in the urine that may result from a systemic and/or a metabolic disease and/or the diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract. DU is cheap, non-invasive, easy and quick to perform, widely available, and can be done by the bed-side.

OBJECTIVE

Unfortunately, DU is undervalued in sub-Saharan Africa because clinicians are ignorant of its diagnostic values and the broadness of its usefulness

METHODS

For each of the common ten (pH, specific gravity, glucose, ketone, protein, blood, nitrite, leucocyte esterase, bilirubin and urobilinogen) analytes detectable by DU, this article reviews the pathophysiology of each analyte; it describes the principle of the chemical reaction for each analyte; it summarizes the interpretation of the test result and the possible causes of false positives and false negatives for each test. In addition, the article underscores the usefulness of DU in aiding the management of prematurity, pneumonia, diarrhoea, sepsis and malaria, the common childhood killer diseases in sub-Saharan Africa.

RESULTS

This article should arouse the interest of clinicians working in developing countries to see DU as an invaluable diagnostic tool in resource-constrained settings of the world

CONCLUSIONS

It is expected that the clinicians working in developing countries will see this article as a quick reference guide when interpreting DU results of the child under their care
Digital Technology for Internet Access by Patients With Early-Stage Schizophrenia in Spain: Multicenter Research Study (Preprint)
Authors: Fernández-Sotos Patricia , Fernández-Caballero Antonio , González Pascual , Aparicio Ana Isabel , Martínez-Gras Isabel , Torio Iosune , Dompablo Mónica , García-Fernández Lorena , Santos José Luis , Rodriguez-Jimenez Roberto
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Digital technology and social networks are part of everyday life in the current internet age, especially among young people. To date, few studies have been published worldwide on the pattern of use of digital technology devices and applications in patients with early-stage schizophrenia and even fewer comparing them with healthy participants (not using data from general population surveys) from the same demographic areas. In Spain, no such study has been carried out.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze how patients with early-stage schizophrenia use internet and social networks compared with healthy participants matched by age and gender and also to examine which devices are utilized to access internet resources.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, multicentric study was carried out through a semistructured interview asking about the use of digital technology devices and internet. The sample comprised 90 patients and 90 healthy participants. The semistructured interview was conducted on 30 outpatients and 30 healthy subjects in each of the 3 different cities (Madrid, Alicante, and Cuenca). Student t test was used for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. In the case of ordinal variables, nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests for independent samples were performed to compare groups.

RESULTS

The results indicated that a large proportion of patients with early-stage schizophrenia have access to different digital devices and use them frequently. In addition, both groups coincide in the order of preference and the purpose for which they use the devices. However, a lower frequency of use of most digital technology devices was detected in patients compared with healthy participants. In the case of some devices, this was due to the impossibility of access and not a lack of interest.

CONCLUSIONS

To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze patterns of internet access and use of digital technology devices and applications in Spanish patients with early-stage schizophrenia compared with healthy participants from the same demographic areas. The results on significant access and use of digital technology and internet shown in this cross-sectional study will allow enhanced and more efficient treatment strategies to be planned, utilizing digital technology devices, for patients with early-stage schizophrenia.
Web-Based Cognitive Bias Modification Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Melvyn , Ying Jiangbo , Song Guo , Fung Daniel S S , Smith Helen
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Cognitive biases refer to automatic attentional or interpretational tendencies, which result in individuals with addictive disorders to automatically attend to substance-related stimuli and those with anxiety disorders to attend to threatening stimuli. To date, several studies have examined the efficacy of cognitive bias modification, and meta-analytical studies have synthesized the evidence for overall efficacy. The clinical utility of cognitive bias modification interventions has previously been limited to the confines of a laboratory, but recent advances in Web technologies can change this.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aimed to determine the scope of Web-based cognitive bias interventions and highlight their effectiveness.

METHODS

Databases (PubMed and MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Central) were searched from inception to December 5, 2017. The following search terminologies were used: (“attention bias” OR “cognitive bias” OR “approach bias” OR “avoidance bias” OR “interpretative bias”) AND (“Internet” OR “Web” OR “Online”). The methods for this scoping review are based on the previously published protocol. For the synthesis of the evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken, as a meta-analysis was not appropriate, given the lack of reported effect sizes and the heterogeneity in the outcomes reported.

RESULTS

Of the 2674 unique articles identified, we identified 22 randomized controlled studies that met our inclusion criteria: alcohol use disorder (n=2), tobacco use disorder (n=2), depressive disorder (n=3), anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents (n=3), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n=2), social anxiety disorder (n=9), and anxiety disorder (n=1). The sample sizes of these studies ranged from 16 to 434 participants. There is preliminary evidence to suggest that Web-based interventions could reduce biases among adolescents with heightened symptoms of anxiety and depression and among individuals with OCD.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first scoping review that mapped out the scope of cognitive bias modification interventions for psychiatric disorders. Web-based interventions have been applied predominantly for social anxiety and addictive disorders. Larger cohorts must be used in future studies to better determine the effectiveness of Web-based cognitive bias interventions.
Complications and Economic Burden Associated with Obtaining Tissue for Diagnosis and Molecular Analysis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in the US (Preprint)
Authors: Kelly Ronan , Turner Ralph , Chen Yen-Wen , Rigas James R. , Fernandes Ancilla W. , Karve Sudeep
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Tissue biopsy to identify targetable genomic and immunologic alterations is the mainstay of managing patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, little is known about the associated economic impact and complication rates.

OBJECTIVE

This study assesses the frequency, complications and costs of diagnostic and post-progression biopsy.

METHODS

This retrospective, observational study was conducted using administrative claims data from over 30 million commercially insured individuals in the US (2006-2014). Data were analyzed for the overall population and by time of biopsy (diagnostic or post-progression).

RESULTS

Of 20,013 eligible patients, 13,411 (67%) received a diagnostic biopsy, whereas only 2,056 (10%) received a post-progression biopsy; mean cost: $9,977 and $16,806, respectively. Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and post-progression, on the day of biopsy (10% vs 7%) and within 30 days (63% vs 61%). Mean costs were higher among patients with a complication vs those without, on the day of biopsy (diagnostic: $12,030 vs $6,508; post-progression: $22,593 vs $7,812) and within 30 days (diagnostic: $24,968 vs $15,988; post-progression: $30,293 vs $12,494) (P< .001 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONS

From 2006 to 2014, post-progression biopsies were not common practice in NSCLC. Complication rates were similar at diagnosis and post-progression, with mean costs higher among patients with a complication than those without. With increasing demands for effective novel targeted therapies and safe testing methods for patients, providers, and payers, these data may be valuable in determining the budget impact and comparing complication rates with newer, less invasive molecular testing methods, including plasma circulating tumor DNA testing.