bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counselor’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Counselling
Authors: Syihab Syifa Fakhomah , Santanu Ayu Mutiara , Rosdiana Delita Septia , Kumalasari Isti
Published: December 2021

Background:  Efforts to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition can be done with the proper IYCF practices. IYCF promotion and counseling activities for caregivers can increase the success of IYCF implementation and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition.Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the association between the level of education, knowledge, and behavior of Posyandu counselors on IYCF practice in the Parongpong District of West Bandung Regency.Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the respondents, and the multivariate test was used to determine the variables meets the model equation.Results: Multivariable analysis showed that the variables that were significantly related to the practice of IYCF counseling were the level of education, knowledge, and behavior which were controlled by the confounding variable for the period of being a counselor.Conclusion: The level of education, knowledge, and behavior of Posyandu counselors in IYCF counseling practice is an important factor that can support the improvement of children's nutritional status.
Risk factor of growth faltering in infants aged 2-12 months
Authors: Pratiwi Rina , Pramono Adriyan , Hardaningsih Galuh
Published: December 2021

Background: Growth faltering is a condition of growth disturbance that marked by slower growth velocity compared with previous growth chart. Growth faltering can cause effects in immune response, cognitive, & physical and psychomotor disturbance, behavioral disorder, learning problems, higher risk of infection and mortality.Objectives: To analyze risk factor of growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months.Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted in Public Health Center in Semarang city. Subject were infants aged 2 until 12 months with growth faltering. Variables were divided to exclusive breastfeeding, mother’s education, mother’s employment, social economic status, infection, mother’s nutrition and gestational age. Anthropometric and questionnaire data were obtained and analyzed among 116 infants. Statistic test used Chi square and multivariate analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis showed that breastfeeding (p=0.016) and gender (p=0.04) had a significant relationship with growth faltering in infant 2-12 months. Under standard parent’s income (p=0.809), Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) (p=0.377), diarrhea (p=0.243), mother’s nutrition (p=1.00), gestational age (p=0.77), low mother’s education (p=0.83) and working mother (p=0.26) didn’t have a significant relationship with growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months. Multivariate analysis showed that gender (p=0.035) and breastfeeding (p=0.019) were the most influencing variable to growth faltering. In 2-6 group, breastfeeding pattern had significant relationship with growth faltering (p=0.77)Conclusions: Breastfeeding and gender were risk factors of growth faltering in infant aged 2-12 months. Further research needed on how to prevent growth faltering in first 1000 days of life so it may avoid stunting in later life.
The effect of season on in vitro degradability and fermentability of feeds in red deers’ (Cervus elaphus L.) rumen fluid
Authors: LAVRENČIČ Andrej , VETERNIK Darko
Published: December 2021

Transition from summer to winter changes red deer digestive tract physiology and digestive processes. The objective of the trial was to determine the effects of season on in vitro apparent (ivADMD) and true dry matter (ivTDMD) digestibility, in vitro gas production parameters and short-chain fatty acid synthesis (SCFA) in red deer hinds of eleven substrates naturally occurring in Slovenia (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). There were no differences in ivADMD, ivTDMD, determined by incubation of feeds in buffered rumen fluid, as there were no differences in majority of gas production parameters between autumn and winter season. Only the parameter “C” (specific gas production rate) was frequently higher (p < 0.05) in winter season than in autumn season. The amounts of SCFA were similar between two seasons. However, the proportion of acetic acid tended to be higher in winter, while the proportions of propionic and butyric acid tended to be higher in autumn than in winter especially in high fibre feeds. On contrary, in high starch feeds such as oak acorns and chestnut fruits, the proportion of propionic acid was higher (p < 0.05) in winter, while of butyric acid in autumn (p < 0.05). Despite the fact that the number of used substrates (n = 11) and animal rumen fluid donors (n = 6) were small, these results indicate a shift in rumen microbial metabolism between autumn and winter season.
Slave to the rhythm? O różnych sposobach definiowania rytmu
Authors: Dziadek Adam
Published: December 2021

Zasadniczym problemem poruszonym w tym tekście są różnorodne sposoby definiowania rytmu. Autor dokonuje gruntownego przeglądu definicji i rozmaitych ujęć rytmu pojawiających się w polsko i obcojęzycznych (zwłaszcza francuskich i anglojęzycznych) tekstach teoretycznych, ale sięga także do tekstów kultury, m.in. znanej piosenki Grace Jones Slave to the rhythm.
Poetyka ewokacji (nie)uczciwości w opowiadaniu Człowiek, który zdemoralizował Hadleyburg Marka Twaina
Authors: Garlej Beata
Published: December 2021

The article refers to the axiological paradigm of (dis)honesty (the notion taken from Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s analysis) capable of being one of the dedicated devices of the poetics of evocation. The point of reference for these theoretical reflections is Mark Twain’s short story entitled “The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg”. The writer’s presentation of the still up-to-date and relevant axiological paradigm of (dis)honesty is at the hub of the deliberations,which aim to ascertain what constitutes the origin of its uniqueness and the freshness of its display. Primarily with the help of the concept taken from Roman Ingarden’s “catalogue” of aesthetically valuable qualities (“the ‘novelty’ variant”), and also drawing on the philosopher’s reflections devoted to one of the two ontological dimensions of the construction of a literary work (phaseality), an attempt is made to identify the specificity of the epically visualised phenomenon of (dis)honesty, and determine the methodological character of the poetics of evocation, necessary for this purpose.
Przez fantastykę do ekokrytyki. Zwrot ku science fiction
Authors: Gajewska Grażyna
Published: December 2021

The author puts forward the thesis that the challenges of the current times resulting from environmental change, the destruction of habitats and ecological disasters direct our sensibilities and aesthetics ever more tangibly towards the fantastic or ecofiction: (eco)horror, (eco)science fiction, or (eco)fantasy. However, while ecohorror mainly exposes the negative aftermath of the Anthropocene, culminating in inevitable disaster, science fiction offers leeway for a more speculative approach, enabling one to construct such visions of reality in which multispecies justice will be observed and cultivated. The author follows K.S. Robinson’s line of thinking that “science fiction is a new realism”, A. Ghosh’s analysis of the relationship between literature and ecology, and D. Haraway’s research on new ways of understanding the relationships between people and non-humans using the speculative potential of sci-fi. It is therefore suggested that there is a great need for a science fiction vision, aesthetic and narration that would be capable of guiding us out of the anthropocentric entanglement and the Anthropocene/Capitalocene into the Chthulucene (as conceived by Haraway).
„i / ta wielka łapka / na ludzi” – o podmiocie w poezji Ewy Lipskiej
Authors: Marciniak Paweł
Published: December 2021

The article concerns the idea of the subject’s evolution in the poetry of Ewa Lipska. The article presents the unexplored path of subjectivity’s development in selected poems by this Cracovian poet. The main research concept regards the interpretation of particular poems from the perspective of current philosophical problems, connected with posthumanism, which is understood here as the ability to go beyond the bounds of humanism, a revision of previous humanistic assumptions. The essential change of direction in the reception of Ewa Lipska’s writings could be perceived as a result of the interpretation contained in this article.
Are we Really Past Truth? A Historian’s Perspective
Authors: Rosenfeld Sophia
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of the term post-truth suggests that we have, in the last few years, moved from being members of societies dedicated to truth to being members of ones that cannot agree on truth’s parameters and, even worse, have given up trying. But is this really what has happened? The author argues that, under the sway of the Enlightenment, truth has actually been unstable and a source of contention in public life ever since the founding moment for modern democracies in the late eighteenth century; the ‘post’ in ‘post-truth’ elides this complex history even as it accurately describes some of the conditions of our moment. What that means, though, is that rather than attempt to turn the clock back to past models and practices for restoring the reign of truth, we should be looking for new, post-Enlightenment paradigms for how to define and locate truth in the context of democracy, as well as new mechanisms for making this possible.
Can the Skeptic Search for Truth?
Authors: Machuca Diego E.
Published: December 2021

Sextus Empiricus associates the Pyrrhonian stance with the activity of inquiry or investigation. In this paper, I propose to examine the skeptic’s involvement in that activity because getting an accurate understanding of the nature and purpose of skeptical inquiry will make it possible to delineate some of the distinctive traits of Pyrrhonism as a kind of philosophy. I defend the minority view among specialists according to which (i) Sextus describes both the prospective Pyrrhonist and the full-fledged Pyrrhonist as inquirers into truth, and (ii) the full-fledged Pyrrhonist can, without inconsistency, engage in truth-directed inquiry.
Using BBC Learning English Podcasts to develop university students’ listening skills
Authors:   Nizhyn Gogol State University, Davydenko Olena
Published: December 2021

The emergence of podcasts in an English foreign language (EFL) setting is seen as a helpful aid to foreign language learning. Using podcasts might help improve language learning efficiency. This research addresses how podcasts can be an alternative means of improving English listening comprehension for university students. The study was carried out at Nizhyn Gogol State University, Ukraine, using quantitative and qualitative methods of analyzing data. To collect the data, research tools such as a questionnaire, initial and final testing, and observation were used. The procedure was introduced for a group of first-year students and implemented for six weeks. Special BBC Learning English podcast activities were designed and offered to the students. The main stages have been specified in the process of developing students’ listening skills. In the pre-listening stage, students do preparation activities to prepare for the podcast using their background knowledge. The while-listening stage is aimed at listening for gist, listening for details, making inferences, and summarizing. In the post-listening stage, the listeners are taken beyond the podcast content and set tasks which contribute to integrating other language skills. Samples of activities which correspond to these three stages are provided. A balanced approach to choosing top-down or bottom-up processing within the stages improves the process of forming competencies in listening of first-year students. Hence, based on the positive results of this study, BBC Learning English podcasts with meaningful, appropriate, and interesting activities attract the students’ attention, increase their motivation, and improve their listening comprehension.
Rompi Penyedia Informasi bagi Penyandang Tunanetra Menggunakan Multisensor HC-SR04
Authors: Widianto Eko Didik , Ikhsan M , Prasetijo Agung Budi
Published: December 2021

Various electronic travel aids for people having visual impairment have been developed based on ultrasonic object detection employing the HC-SR04 ultrasonic proximity sensor. However, most of them do not consider blind spots where harmful objects cannot be detected. This study discusses the development of a vest that can detect objects in front of the blinds more widely and provide sound alert if an object in front is detected. This detector was developed based on an Arduino Uno equipped with five HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors, and a mini DFPlayer module. In addition, blind area analysis of sensor detection is carried out to overcome objects that are not detected by similar studies. Horizontally, this travel vest sweeps objects up to 150 cm in distance with a 25o right or left angle deviation from forward direction. Vertically, object detection reaches up to 150 cm in distance with both upward and downward deviation of 30o from the vest.
Watermarking berbasis Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform dan Arnold Transform pada Citra Medis
Authors: Novamizanti Ledya , Safitri Irma , Arindaka Hafizhan Bhamakerti , Tritoasmoro Iwan Iwut
Published: December 2021

In telemedicine, data transmission in digital medical images and electronic medical records through the internet is vulnerable to various threats of theft and manipulation. Image watermarking is needed to provide authentication and security to medical images. This paper proposes an image watermarking scheme based on Redundant Discrete Wavelet Transform (RDWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) with watermark encryption using Arnold transform. First, the original host medical image was decomposed into four subbands using RDWT. Then, DCT is applied to the LH subband of the RDWT. On the other hand, the watermark is scrambled using Arnold transform to ensure identity security. The singular value of the watermarked image is obtained by modifying the singular value of the host image and the watermark. Tests were carried out on different medical images, namely X-ray, MRI, CT, and ultrasound, with a watermark in a proprietary logo. The host medical image is the same size as the watermark image. The result of this study can provide high authentication, imperceptibility and security in medical images, with an average PSNR value of 65.67 dB, SSIM 1, BER 0, NC 1. This scheme is resistant to JPEG compression, noise addition, filtering, image sharpening, image enhancement, geometric operations, motion blur, image sharpening, and histogram equalization.
Relay-Based Clustering Method for Interference Management in Heterogeneous Wireless Cellular Network
Authors: Susanto Misfa , Hasim Sitronella Nurfitriani , Fitriawan Helmy
Published: December 2021

Femtocell is one of solutions to improve quality of services and network capacity for users in indoor areas. Radio resources used by femtocells are shared from macrocell network, thus it saves the use of frequency spectrum. However, one of problems in deploying femtocells within coverage area of macrocells is interference due to radio resources sharing between femtocells and macrocells. It creates interferences called as cross-tier (macrocell-femtocell/femtocell-macrocell) and co-tier (macrocell-macrocell/femtocell-femtocell) interferences. This paper proposes a relay-based clustering method to mitigate interference in femtocells located in the whole edge area of macrocell and the cell edge area of sectorized macrocells. Relay nodes are deployed statically (fixed location) in the neighboring macrocell area. Relay node will recruit their members based on the shortest distance. Certain relay node’s members do not need to transmit large amounts of power to enhanced Node B (eNB), such that interference from Macrocell User Equipment (MUE) to Home enhanced Node B (HeNB) can be minimized. Simulation experiments has been carried out and optimistic results for the sectorized macrocells scenario show that Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) of femtocells for the conventional system that does not reach the targeted SINR of 20 dB is 87%. Meanwhile, after applying the relay-based clustering method, SINR value of femtocells below or equal to 20 dB reaches 72%. Optimistic results for throughput and Bit Error Rate (BER) show improvement of 15% and 14%, respectively. It has been shown that the relay-based clustering method can provide better performance compared to the conventional system even for femtocells densely deployed.
Analisis Kinerja Metode Fuzzy Teroptimasi PSO untuk Strategi Kendali MPPT pada Sistem Solar Photovoltaic
Authors: Soesanti Indah , Syahputra Ramadoni
Published: December 2021

A fuzzy control system has been widely used in various problem solving. Its performance can be optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). This performance can be proven by applying it to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategy on solar photovoltaic systems. Solar photovoltaic power generation systems are increasingly popular because they are clean and renewable energy sources. The power generated by solar photovoltaic is strongly influenced by solar irradiation and the load carried. In order to obtain maximum power output, an MPPT control strategy is needed. An MPPT control strategy based on fuzzy and PSO hybrid control systems is proposed in this research. The fuzzy-PSO method selects and produces the optimal duty cycle for the boost dc-dc converter in a solar photovoltaic system. Variable duty cycle due to solar irradiation and load changes can be conditioned by the fuzzy-PSO-based MPPT method to extract maximum power. The research results show that the fuzzy-PSO method can control the solar photovoltaic output voltage through a dc-dc converter to produce maximum power at various solar irradiations. Test result by applying a resistive load produces output power at the maximum point. The best result is obtained in the 100 Ohm load test: the response time of 0.0818 seconds and excellent robustness.
On positive approximations of positive diffusions
Authors: Mackevičius Vigirdas
Published: December 2021

For positive diffusions, we construct split-step second-order weak approximations preserving the positivity property. For illustration, we apply the construction to some popular stochastic differential equations such as Verhulst, CIR, and CKLS equations.
Modeling of reactant concentration in electrocatalytic processes at conducting polymer modified electrodes
Authors: Jasaitis Valdas , Malinauskas Albertas , Ivanauskas Feliksas
Published: December 2021

This research presents a mathematical model analyzing of electrochemical processes occurring at electrodes covered with a thin film of a conducting polymer. The model takes into account the diffusion of solution species into a polymer film, diffusion of charge carriers within the film, and a chemical redox reaction within the film. The aim of this work was to find the location of a mean reaction zone that is of a great practical interest related to optimization of the parameters of electrocatalytic system for its best performance. It has been shown that electrocatalysis of solute species at conducting polymer modified electrodes proceeds within the polymer film rather than at he outer polymer/solution interface.
Exposedness in Bernstein spaces
Authors: Norvidas Saulius
Published: December 2021

The Bernstein space Bσp, σ > 0, 1 \leq p \leq ∞, consists of those Lp(R)-functions whose Fourier transforms are supported on [-σ, σ]. Every function in Bσp has an analytic extension onto the complex plane C which is an entire function of exponential type at most σ . Since Bσp is a conjugate Banach space, its closed unit ball D(Bσp) has nonempty sets of both extreme and exposed points. These sets are nontrivially arranged only in the cases p = 1 and p = ∞. In this paper, we investigate some properties of exposed functions in D(Bσ1) and illustrate them by several examples.
Key agreement protocol in infinite semigroup representation level
Authors: Katvickis Artūras , Sakalauskas Eligijus , Ratkevičius Kastytis
Published: December 2021

Matrix decomposition problem over integer ring is presented. Solving methods are discussed and it is showed, that this problem is hard computational problem regard to computer memory resources. A key agreement protocol based on matrix decomposition problem is presented.
Entrepreneurship and Small Island Economies
Authors: Pounder Paul , Gopal Naresh
Published: December 2021

Over the past two decades, the study of entrepreneurship and its importance to the economy has increased in appeal to academics, practitioners and governments. This study explores entrepreneurship in small island economies within regions based on Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Established Business Ownership (EBO) as observed in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset. This research uses the pooled regression model to study the impact of TEA and EBO on economic growth. The findings highlight that new venture creation is a driver that improves gross domestic product (GDP); however, there are significant differences across SIDS in the orientation of TEA and EBO that suggest that other contextual issues like culture, education system, and entrepreneurial support elements influence entrepreneurial behaviour across regions as well. The more advanced of these nations like Singapore and Puerto Rico benefit from knowledge networks and scientific mobility, while the smaller economies in the Caribbean and Pacific Region show less openness to pursuing entrepreneurial endeavours. These findings provide a foundation for further research on varying types of combinations of both economic factors and contextual differences that lend to the transitioning process towards an emerging economy.
Selection as the main direction of scientific studies and main steps of selection and breeding work in Ukraine (a review)
Authors:   «Karpatskiy vodograi» LLC, Pustomyty, Krasnopolska O.
Published: December 2021

Objective: For a long time, selection, as a science, has been dealing with the creation of varieties and hybrids of agricultural plants, animal breeds, microorganism strains and studying the methods of all of the above. At the same time, like any component of science, it has its own directions of development, and improves them in time. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the historical development of selection as a science, to analyze the current state, and to characterize the application of basic breeding methods in aquaculture in Ukraine. Findings: The author of the work reviewed and analyzed professional scientific literature on the development of selection as one of the methods of scientific studies. In particular, the historical aspects of the development of selection in crop production and animal husbandry, including fish farming, have been considered, and its main directions have been highlighted. A promising method for the development of synthetic selection was proposed: reciprocal crossing, and the current state of selection and breeding work in fish farming was described. Practical value: The review of literature sources can be useful for the preparation of lecture material during the training process for training specialists in the specialty 207 "Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture", including specialists in ichthyology, veterinary medicine, zoology. Key words: Breeding, genetics, breeding, breed, intrabreed type.
Breed Associations of the Gaisin Block of the Ukrainian Shield
Authors:   M.P. Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Ore Formation of the NAS of Ukraine, Ziultsle O.V. , Ziultsle V.V. ,   Geological Expedition Right Bank SE «Ukrainian Geological Company»
Published: December 2021

The Gaysins block is characterized by a wide range of both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic formations. Ultrametamorphic formations are represented by an association of rocks with a transition from charnockitoids to two-feldspar granites. Remnants of metamorphic rocks are composed of diafluorinated varieties to varying degrees. Geological surveys of the last decades have discovered on the territory of the Gaysin block structures of variegated composition, which are represented by both metamorphic and ultrametamorphic rocks. The most studied are structures in the area of the settlements of Chagiv, Tyagun, Sitkovtsi, Naraevka, Tsibuliv and Popudnya. The wide variety of the mineral composition of the rocks of the Gaysinsky block is due to the metamorpho-metasomatic transformations of the primary parageneses formed under the conditions of the granulite facies. These transformations are taking place against the background of a decrease in the PT parameters of regional metamorphism.
THE PROBLEMS OF THE CREATION HE PROBLEMS OF THE CREATION OF A PATENT LANDSCAPE BY THE EXAMPLE F A PATENT LANDSCAPE BY THE EXAMPLE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Artamonova Neonila , Kapinos Marianna
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The growing interest and huge prospects for the development of blockchain technology have in dicated a high relevance of research on this ecosystem.Problem Statement. The priority development of patent analysis technologies is a result of rapid changes in the digital environment. In this regard, information support of the problems of innovative development of digital so ciety, which includes the formation of a patent monitoring system for the development of individual technological areas, in particular, blockchain.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to assess the problems of building a patent landscape for determining innovative attractiveness and identifying the development trends of blockchain technology.Materials and Methods. The study has been conducted with the use of international patent resource PATENTSCOPE. The citation of inventions of blockchain technology has been analyzed based on the Derwent database on the Web of Science platform.Results. The problems related to the creation of a patent landscape have been assessed; the modern development indicators and the world trends in the blockchain technology have been analyzed; the features of its development in leading economies and corporations of the world have been identified. The patent activity of firms in the world leading countries at the international and national level has been assessed. The blockchain technological segments have been positioned, with transactions and blockchain platforms found the most attractive ones.The inventions with the greatest number of references, which testifies to their innovative attractiveness have been identified.Conclusions. Patent analytics is a very powerful tool for assessing technological trends by building patent landscapes and monitoring them. Knowledge of the problems related to the study and the construction of patent landscape allows obtaining objective results and correctly interpreting the development trends of the R&D field under review.
Análisis de los mecanismos de desconexión moral en el discurso de Álvaro Uribe Vélez
Authors: Bolaño-Pérez Laura
Published: December 2021

El artículo presenta un análisis discursivo de los mecanismos de desconexión moral identificados por Bandura (1994, 1999) en las declaraciones de Álvaro Uribe Vélez (en adelante, AUV) sobre la masacre en San José de Apartadó (2005) y las ejecuciones extrajudiciales de Soacha (2008). Primero, se examinaron los enunciados de estas declaraciones a partir de las categorías de sujeto discursivo, coyuntura y formación imaginaria y así entender tanto el contexto de producción del discurso de AUV como los imaginarios que se formaron de las víctimas de los eventos referidos. Después, se identificaron los mecanismos de desconexión moral en AUV. Se concluye que los mecanismos que predominan son la culpabilización de la víctima y la deshumanización. Además, AUV estableció discursivamente una dicotomía entre los pertenecientes a la “patria” y los que no, de modo que se culpa a los sujetos excluidos de las conductas inhumanas de las que fueron víctimas.
Coyuntura actual de la mutilación genital femenina en Colombia y la lucha por erradicarla para 2030
Authors: González-Córdoba Evelyn
Published: December 2021

El artículo pretende analizar la coyuntura actual de la mutilación genital femenina luego de 14 años de esta problemática en Colombia, los esfuerzos emprendidos y la lucha por erradicarla. Para ello se contextualiza al lector con las implicaciones de esta práctica nociva; se delimitan las obligaciones convencionales surgidas al tenor de los tratados internacionales y las recomendaciones generales en materia de derechos humanos de caras a los casos de mutilación genital femenina en Colombia. Por último, se revisan las estadísticas actualizadas de este flagelo. Se acudió a un método dogmático de tipo no formal, con el ánimo de sopesar la norma con la realidad social y con ello poder concluir cual es la falencia en el proceso de erradicación de la mutilación genital femenina.
Los roles asumidos por las cortes frente a la garantía de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. El caso colombiano como referente internacional
Authors: Cristancho-Díaz José-Reynel
Published: December 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar la manera en que diversas cortes abordan la justiciabilidad de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales, tomando como referencia los tribunales más relevantes en cada uno de los roles examinados. El diseño metodológico se sustenta en la revisión de documentación académica y jurisprudencia relevante. Así, este estudio comprende los roles deferente, razonable y activista de las cortes, describiendo los aspectos favorables y desfavorables de cada uno. Igualmente, se explica la relevancia del trabajo adelantado por la Corte Constitucional colombiana y cómo este, además de permitir identificarla como una corte activista atenuada, ha llevado a que se consolide como un tribunal destacado internacionalmente en materia de justiciabilidad de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales.
Análisis de la sensibilidad paramétrica en reactores de lecho fijo
Authors: Rangel Jara Hermes A. , Bogoya Maldonado Daniel
Published: December 2021

En la búsqueda de reactores de lecho fijo que ofrezcan una gran seguridad y permitan maximizar la conversión - para una determinada longitud del reactor - se analizan los tres arreglos más comunes (paralelo, contracorriente y temperatura constante), con respecto al medio de enfriamiento. Como casos de aplicación se estudiaron la oxidación parcial de O-xileno para producir anhídrido ftálico como productor único en el primer caso y teniendo en cuenta reacciones paralelas y consecutivas para el segundo caso. El sistema de ecuaciones variacionales originado a partir del sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales del modelo del reactor sirve para solucionar el problema de valores de frontera y adicionalmente la sensibilidad paramétrica de las diferentes variables. Mediante un análisis de la sensibilidad paramétrica y de otras ventajas resultantes el arreglo en paralelo puede considerarse como la alternativa más atractiva.
Obtención de ceras para el proceso de fundición a la cera perdida
Authors: Moreno Portillo José William
Published: December 2021

En este trabajo se presenta la composición de tres ceras, relativamente económicas y de gran disponibilidad, que exhiben condiciones adecuadas para utilizarse en el proceso de MICROFUNDICION. Para definirlas se estudió la influencia de los modelos de cera en cada una de las etapas del proceso y se planteó una serie de experimentos que evaluaron las características y propiedades más importantes, como punto de fusión, punto de ablandamiento, curva de enfriamiento, curva de flujo, expansión volumétrica, contracción lineal, resistencia, contenido de cenizas y penetración, entre otras.
La nueva ingeniería
Authors: Cortés Amador Carlos
Published: December 2021

En el presente artículo, inicialmente se recalcan algunos de los campos de aplicación general de la Ingeniería de Sistemas. También se enfatiza acerca de la actual era de la ingeniería, que ha conducido a nuevas matrices disciplinarias. Sin duda, la biología, como ciencia, y sus diferentes aplicaciones, han dado lugar a la "onda biotecnológica": que plantea. nuevas alternativas y consideraciones teóricas a la Ingeniería. Por esta razón se hace referencia breve a dicha temátIca en este artículo, como parte de una evaluación de una experiencia investigativa en el Instituto de Biotecnología. Finalmente se presentan algunas conclusiones provisionales que esperamos sean un aporte para la discusión sobre los temas tratados en este ensayo.
Los algoritmos como instrumento de la matemática
Authors: Ojeda Ch. Luis Roberto
Published: December 2021

El concepto de algoritmo es fundamental en múltiples campos de la actividad humana. Se relacionan en este artículo los conceptos de función y de algoritmo para luego caracterizar un tipo especial de función: el de las recursivas.
Finalmente se establece la Tesis de Alonzo Church que indica que sólo para las funciones recursivas pueden obtenerse algoritmos de evaluación.
UN-SEEGSI: un sistema inteligente de información gerencial con aprendizaje dual: hombre-maquina
Authors: Pérez Gama Alfonso
Published: December 2021

Ha llegado a su madurez la V Generación y con ello sus expresiones: la inteligencia artificial los sistemas con el apoyo de conocimientos y la ingeniería de software. En Colombia poca acogida parece tener. Es que los conocimientos constituyen un salto paradigmático hacia un nuevo orden mundial: el paso de la Sociedad de la Información a la Sociedad del Conocimiento. No es difícil de colegir la implicación de nuevas generaciones de sistemas de información y aunque la inmensa mayoría de gerentes no quieren saber de nuevos lenguajes ni reprogramaciones, aquí describiremos cómo es posible desarrollar e implementar un sistema inteligente de información gerencial. El concepto de “inteligente” se refiere a la viabilidad de tener un determinado grado de autonomía decisional, un evidente mejor desempeño, una capacidad real de adaptarse a las condiciones particulares de un usuario, el reconocer y generar un plan de trabajo al ejecutivo y en especial por el soporte a las decisiones, lo cual no significa la posibilidad de “reemplazar” al ejecutivo en esta labor, sino por el contrario constituirse en un sistema asistente del ejecutivo. Una innovación en esta arquitectura la constituye la tutoría experta en línea, que constituye un espacio para posibilitar el “entrenamiento gerencial” in situ y además la incorporación de técnicas de aprendizaje maquinal que funcionen en la práctica. Lo anterior significa que UN-SEEGSI pretende ser un ambiente de aprendizaje dual: donde se debe dar un aprendizaje vivencial por parte del usuario y donde debe aprender la máquina en forma subrepticia.
Redes de conocimiento vivo e híper información
Authors: Cortés Amador Carlos
Published: December 2021

Este artículo se inicia con una descripción sobre medios de comunicación y la transmisión de imágenes, con sus implicaciones en los sistemas y redes de comunicación. Antes de reseñar la economía de servicios, se tratan los mercados de conocimientos; lo anterior sirve de preludio para entrar en las redes sociales vivas de conocimiento. Como puntos técnicos centrales del artículo se describen brevemente dos conceptos. El primero es el de sistemas expertos y el segundo es el de hiperinformación. Finalmente se concluye que dentro de la cultura institucional, es recurso estratégico el conocimiento, cuyos contenidos deben ser difundidos mediante la aplicación de la hiperinformación.
Expansión de los suelos arcillosos parcialmente saturados. Primera parte
Authors: Beltrán Moreno Lisandro
Published: December 2021

En esta primera parte del artículo se presentan las variaciones típicas con la profundidad del contenido de humedad y de los movimientos verticales, que exhiben los depósitos de suelos arcillosos expuestos al aire libre, a las condiciones ambientales, y de otros que han sido cubiertos por obras de ingeniería. De acuerdo con ellos se establecen perfiles característicos del contenido de humedad, y de los esfuerzos efectivos en los suelos ubicados encima de la tabla de agua.
Accesibilidad a los servicios de salud en Concepción del Uruguay. Perfil socioeconómico de los usuarios
Authors: Savoy Francisco , Retamar Soledad , De Gracia Laura , Chesini Francisco
Published: December 2021

Objetivos Describir la accesibilidad a los servicios públicos de salud en la ciudad de Concepción del Uruguay, Provincia de Entre Ríos, y analizar la asociación existente entre las condiciones socioeconómicas de los usuarios y los servicios de salud elegi- dos para la atención habitual.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio observacional de corte transversal, con datos obtenidos de fuentes primarias a partir de la aplicación de una encuesta diseñada ad hoc a partir de un muestreo probabilístico de dos etapas. Los datos fueron analizados a través de la confección de tablas de contingencia. La asociación entre las variables se midió a partir de pruebas de Chi2 y del análisis de correspondencias.
Resultados Evidencia de asociación significativa entre el tipo de servicio de salud al que acude la población y el máximo nivel de instrucción alcanzado para α=0,05 (p<0,01). Existe una correspondencia entre las categorías “secundario incompleto” y “primaria completa” y la elección de los servicios de salud públicos, con una mayor fuerza para el caso del hospital provincial y los referentes de salud del hogar con secundario incompleto. También se halló una fuerte evidencia respecto a la asociación entre la condición de ocupación referida por los referentes de salud de los hogares y el servicio de atención elegido por estos, para α=0,05 (P<0,01).
Conclusión Se observa una brecha en la accesibilidad en la que, a medida que mejora la posición social de los usuarios, disminuye la elección de la atención primaria y aumenta la elección de servicios privados.
Fracking and glyphosate amid COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia
Authors: Méndez Paz Fabián , Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar Laura A. , Idrovo Alvaro Javier
Published: December 2021

Despite the congratulations that Colombia received from the Pan American Health Organization for its good management during the first months of pandemic (1), supposedly for using scientific evidence for decision-making, the start of the fracking pilots (unconventional hydraulic fracturing procedure) and return to use glyphosate against illicit crops leaves glimpse inconsistencies in decision-making in public health by the Colombian government. The pandemic taught that environmental protection is essential to avoid the emergence of future epidemics (2). However, it is precisely in the midst of the pandemic that the Colombian government makes decisions without listening to science, ignoring the precautionary principle even against the national constitution.

As of the end of March 2021, two unconventional reservoir fracking pilot projects had been approved for development without a rigorous assessment of the potentially associated adverse health effects (3). These will be carried out in the department of Santander, the most seismically active department in Colombia (4). On the other hand, the government is making the return of glyphosate a reality, as previously mentioned (5). The Decree 380 (April 12, 2021) regulates spraying with glyphosate, leaving only the National Narcotics Council to endorse the decision. This Decree was even signed by the current Minister of Health, Fernando Ruiz, who was Vice Minister of Health in 2015 and publicly endorsed then to ban the use of glyphosate because of its potential carcinogenic effects, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This change in the government´s decision is not explained on scientific grounds, as the evidence supporting the adverse effects of glyphosate on health remains even more conclusive now (6).

These two political decisions are added to others that aggravate the armed internal conflict in Colombia, precisely when next year there will be presidential elections. Anti-science in environmental health increases its power in Colombia, following the trend of Latin American countries with denialist governments such as Brazil. The territories and populations directly affected by these decisions are the most socioeconomically disadvantaged in the country. Perhaps for this reason it is not surprising that the Colombian scientific evidence shows that the policies implemented in the management of the pandemic have not succeeded in reducing social inequalities (7), but have probably widened them, and that public health surveillance has been limited, with achievements only in some regions (8).
Concentraciones de mercurio en atún comercializado en Montería, Colombia: evaluación del riesgo en la salud
Authors: Lombana Gómez Mauro Mauricio , Lans Ceballos Edineldo Edineldo , Pinedo Hernández José Joaquin
Published: December 2021

Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentración de mercurio total (HgT) y metilmercurio (MeHg) en atún enlatado que se distribuye en la ciudad de Montería (Córdoba, Colombia).
Materiales y Métodos Se analizaron 160 muestras de cuatro marcas diferentes, identificadas como A, B, C y D y comercializadas de agosto a noviembre de 2017. Mensualmente se realizó un muestreo simple por atributo. El HgT y el MeHg fueron determinados usando un equipo DMA-80 (marca Milestone) y cromatógrafo de gases (Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL).
Resultados El promedio de HgT y MeHg fue 0,589 ± 0,163 y 0,536 ± 0,148 μg/g, respectivamente. La mayor concentración de HgT y MeHg en atún se presentó en la marca B (HgT: 0,792 ± 0,165; MeHg: 0,725 ± 0,127).
Conclusiones La evaluación del riesgo a la salud debido al consumo de atún enlatado, basado en la ingesta semanal estimada (ESI), sugiere que el consumo de atún de las diferentes marcas no asocia posibilidad de riesgo en la salud al grupo de adultos de la población (APG), al presentar valores por debajo de la ingesta semanal tolerable (3,2 μg/ kg/semana). Mientras que para los grupos de niños (N) y mujeres en edad fértil (MEF) representa riesgo para la salud el consumo del atún enlatado de la marca B, con la cual se superaría la ingesta semanal tolerable de 1,6 μg/kg/semana. Por lo tanto, se recomienda un monitoreo continuo de mercurio total y metilmercurio en atún enlatado.
Prevalencia de factores de riesgo metabólico en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Badillo Meléndez Ricardo Andrés , Rangel Caballero Luis Gabriel , Martinez Rueda Rosmary , Espinoza Gutiérrez Roberto
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de factores de riesgo de tipo metabólico en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos a través de una revisión sistemática.Metodología Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos en las bases de datos electrónicas de SciELO, PubMed y Google Académico. La búsqueda incluyó referencias publicadas a partir del año 2006 en idiomas español, portugués e inglés que describieran prevalencias de los factores de riesgo mencionados en población universitaria latinoamericana.Resultados Un total de 245 referencias fueron recuperadas, de las cuales 60 fueron seleccionados para su análisis. Los estudiantes universitarios en Latinoamérica presentaron una prevalencia de factores de riesgo metabólicos que, en algunos casos, fue similar a la de la media poblacional en general.Conclusiones Es necesario que la comunidad universitaria y los Gobiernos latinoamericanos planteen estrategias que promuevan estilos de vida saludables tendientes a reducir la adquisición de conductas de riesgo durante la vida universitaria.
Can mystery patients evaluate the quality of cervical cancer screenings? A pilot study in Bolivia
Authors: Sullivan Sarah , Solis Maria Teresa , Burrowes Sahai , Basagoitia Armando
Published: December 2021

Objective This pilot study assesses the feasibility of using mystery patients to evaluate cervical cancer screenings provided to women in rural Bolivia.
Methods We developed a protocol with local officials and adapted and pre-tested a debriefing tool. Eight mystery patients with existing appointments at four purposively selected rural facilities were recruited and trained. An interviewer debriefed patients after their screenings, and entered responses into a spreadsheet for analysis. Ques- tionnaire response frequencies and missing observations were presented.
Results All patients completed screening and debriefing. On average, 93% of the questions were completed, with non-responses largely due to questions that were irrelevant to the screening venue. Responses revealed problems with confidentiality and dignity, minimal exam explanations or health education, inconsistencies across health facilities in Papanicolaou test availability, and problems in delivering and receiving test results.
Conclusion Our findings suggest that the mystery patient method can be useful in evaluating the quality of cervical cancer screening and the delivery of test results in rural Bolivia.
Atención Primaria de Salud: una mirada global para orientarnos en lo local
Authors: Calderon Gomez Carlos , Betancurth Loaiza Diana Paola
Published: December 2021

La atención sanitaria en general y la atención primaria de salud en particular necesi- tan ser pensadas y desarrolladas atendiendo a las cambiantes realidades sanitarias y sociales. Dichas realidades, complejas y diversas en función de las particularidades de cada país y la evolución de sus servicios de salud, presentan a su vez determinados retos comunes a los que también deberíamos responder de manera compartida. El presente trabajo es una reflexión abierta acerca de las características básicas de la atención primaria desde una perspectiva internacional, elaborada y compartida en el contexto del II Simposio de Atención Primaria Social, organizado por la Universidad de Caldas en noviembre de 2019. Utilizando la metáfora de la travesía por mar, se resitúan los principales atributos y condicionantes de la atención primaria a modo de carta de navegación y se sugieren los referentes de una posible brújula que puedan servirnos para sortear amenazas y avanzar conjuntamente hacia una atención primaria pública de calidad y al servicio de la salud de nuestras poblaciones.
A visão dos professores do Atendimento Educacional Especializado acerca do trabalho desenvolvido e formação ofertada
Authors: Mercado Elisangela Leal de Oliveira , Fumes Neiza de Lourdes Frederico
Published: December 2021

Este artigo aborda como professores que atuam no Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) compreendem o trabalho realizado junto aos estudantes público-alvo da Educação Especial (PAEE) e a relação desse com a formação ofertada pela Secretaria de Educação. Tem o objetivo de conhecer a visão dos professores do AEE acerca do trabalho desenvolvido e formação ofertada. Baseado nos estudos de Mendes e Malheiro (2012), Vaz (2012) e Baptista (2013), constitutivos no desvelar da atuação e formação dos professores da Educação Especial, assume no âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa a técnica do grupo focal e a aplicação de questionário sobre o perfil de formação profissional. Participaram do grupo focal doze professores de escolas públicas estadual e municipais de Alagoas. Os resultados analisados indicam que aspectos relacionados à constituição do processo identitário e atuação profissional encontra-se baseados na concepção clínica-terapêutica de deficiência e prática profissional centrada, basicamente, na aplicação de recursos pedagógicos e de acessibilidade. Apontam a necessidade de discussão da atuação e formação do professor da Educação Especial, à luz da dimensão sociopolítico-pedagógica do fazer docente.