bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of fluoride on orthodontic tooth movement in humans. A two- and three-dimensional evaluation
Authors: Karadeniz Ersan Ilsay , Gonzales Carmen , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Isci Devrim , Sahin-Saglam Aynur M. , Alkis Huseyin , Turk Tamer , Ali Darendeliler M.
Published: August 2023

Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine whether high and low fluoride concentrations in drinking water affected the early stages of tooth movement when heavy and light orthodontic forces were applied for 4 weeks. A further aim was to compare and evaluate the resulting two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) orthodontic tooth movement.

Methods: The sample consisted of 96 maxillary upper first premolars from 48 patients who required premolar extractions as part of their orthodontic treatment. Patients were selected from two different cities in Turkey with low and high fluoride concentrations of 0.05 and 2 ppm, respectively. The patient sample was divided into four groups according to the magnitude of force applied to the first premolars and the concentration of fluoride in the public water supply; Group 1, High fluoride intake (≥ 2 ppm)-Heavy force (225 g); Group 2, Low fluoride intake (≤ 0.05 ppm)-Heavy force; Group 3, High fluoride intake-Light force (25 g); and Group 4, Low fluoride intake-Light force. A light or heavy buccal tipping orthodontic force was applied to the upper first premolars for 4 weeks. The first three palatal rugae were used for the superimposition of patient casts in a 2-D and 3-D evaluation of generated movements.

Results: It was found that heavy force application and fluoride intake increased the average rate of tooth movement. It was further shown that age was negatively correlated with tooth movement in the 2-D and 3-D measurements.

Conclusions: The average rate of tooth movement was found to be greater in the heavy force and high fluoride intake group (Group 1HH). Age was negatively correlated with orthodontic tooth movement. Two- and three-dimensional methods were accurate for the assessment of tooth movement after four weeks of buccal tipping force application when the palatal rugae were used for superimposition.
New clinical classification of dental arch form using facial axis points derived from three-dimensional models
Authors: Bayome Mohamed , Han Seong Ho , Choi Jong-Hyuk , Kim Seong-Hun , Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Dong-Jae , Kook Yoon-Ah
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to use facial axis (FA) points to classify dental arch form generated from an analysis of 3-D virtual models of a sample of normal occlusions. A secondary aim was to introduce a new arch form template based on this classification for clinical application.

Methods: One hundred and twenty five plaster models of Class I occlusions were 3-D scanned (Orapix Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) and FA points digitized on the virtual models using Rapidform 2006 software (INUS Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea). Following intercanine and intermolar arch width and depth measurements, K-means cluster analysis was applied on 77 cases (Dataset 1) to classify the sample into arch form types. A curve of best fit of the mean arch form of each type was generated. The remaining 48 cases (Dataset 2) were mapped into the clusters and a multivariate test was performed to assess the differences among the clusters.

Results: Classification into five clusters demonstrated maximum inter-cluster distance in the arch parameters and produced the most homogeneous cluster size. The differences between the 5 cluster types were statistically but not clinically significant and so they were recombined to form three clusters representing ‘narrow’, ‘moderate’ and ‘wide’ arch forms.

Conclusions: A template with three arch form types based on anterior and posterior dimensions has been proposed through 3-D analysis of FA points for more accurate arch form identification and arch wire selection.
Orthodontic treatment provision and referral preferences among New Zealand general dental practitioners
Authors: Aldawood S. , Ampuan S.N.H. , Medara N. , Thomson W.M.
Published: August 2023

Background: General dental practitioners (GDPs) are key clinicians in the orthodontic referral chain as they complement (and may compete with) orthodontists in providing treatment for the public.

Objectives: To determine the nature and extent of GDPs’ involvement in orthodontic treatment provision and to identify influences on GDPs’ choice of orthodontist.

Methods: An email survey was conducted of actively-practising GDPs in May-June 2010. Two timelines of contact were followed, with non-responders to the first survey re-contacted three weeks later.

Results: Just under one-fifth (19.3 per cent) reported providing forms of orthodontic treatment. This proportion was higher among males, more experienced practitioners, and dentists in rural locations. The percentage involvement ranged from 22.3 per cent in Greater Auckland to 10.5 per cent in Greater Wellington and 11.9 per cent in Christchurch. In the remainder of New Zealand, percentages ranged from 11.5 per cent in urban areas to 37.1 per cent in rural areas. Of those providing treatment, almost half had 1-10 patients under management, and just over one-third had greater numbers. Sixty-one per cent of orthodontically-involved GDPs in Auckland had more than 10 orthodontic patients. The most commonly treated condition was a simple crossbite, while the least commonly treated condition was the severe Class III malocclusion.

Conclusions: The provision of orthodontic treatment by New Zealand GDPs has decreased in recent years to an average of about one in five, but this figure is considerably higher in rural areas and is a notable feature of the greater Auckland area. The findings suggest that the majority of the more complex cases are continuing to be referred to specialist orthodontists.
A comparison of two orthodontic aesthetic indices
Authors: Borzabadi-Farahani Ali , Eslamipour Faezeh , Asgari Imaneh
Published: August 2023

Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of agreement between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).

Methods: DAI and AC scores were recorded in 728 subjects (340 females and 388 males, aged 11-20 years). The percentage of subjects needing treatment and the different treatment categories for the DAI and AC were gender compared. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (rho) was used to explore the relationship between the DAI and AC scores. Observer determined and Kappa statistics were used to analyse the diagnostic level of agreement between the DAI and AC, sorted into ‘yes’ or ‘no’ categories of orthodontic treatment need.

Results: According to the DAI and AC, 21.8 and 10.9% of subjects were in need of treatment, respectively. Significant positive correlations existed between the DAI and AC scores (rho = 0.795). The DAI had a lower treatment need threshold compared with the AC. The Kappa statistics and percentage agreement between the DAI and AC was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.46-0.63) and 87.6%, respectively.

Conclusion: The DAI and AC showed strong association. However, only a moderate level of diagnostic agreement was identified (12.4% difference in observed percentage agreement) which highlights the need for a unified and universal orthodontic index for consideration when interpreting, comparing, or quantifying treatment needs.
The effects of non-extraction orthodontic treatment on the vertical dimension: a comparison of a dolichofacial and a mesofacial group
Authors: Lin Chia-Hung , Short Lesley L. , Banting David W.
Published: August 2023

Objective: The decision regarding extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment for patients with different skeletal facial patterns is more commonly based on traditional concepts rather than scientific facts. The present study aimed to investigate whether dolichofacial patients responded differently compared with mesofacial patients to non-extraction orthodontic treatment with respect to vertical changes in facial height.

Methods: Twenty-eight dolichofacial patients and 29 mesofacial patients who underwent non-extraction orthodontic treatment were selected. All patients commenced treatment prior to 15 years of age and had a mean age of 12.3 years for the dolichofacial group and 12.6 years for the mesofacial group. Serial lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced by hand on acetate paper and digitised using the Rocky Mountain Orthodontics JOE 32 programme. Statistical analysis examined the recorded changes in facial axis angle, facial angle, menton-to-ANS distance and facial convexity.

Results: An increase in menton-to-ANS distance and facial angle and a decrease in facial convexity were observed in both groups to a similar extent. Interestingly, the facial axis of both groups remained constant throughout treatment and up to two years post-treatment. Both groups showed slightly increased facial axis angle beyond the original value at two years post-treatment. No statistically significant difference between the two groups was observed in the changes of any of the variables over time.

Conclusion: The results countered the traditional concept that dolichofacial patients would have an increased facial height after being subjected to non-extraction orthodontic mechanics. It appeared that long-term vertical height of the face was more dependent on genetics rather than environmental influences.
The effect of changing crosshead speed on the shear bond strength of orthodontic bonding adhesive
Authors: Shooter Kerry J. , Griffin Mark P. , Kerr Brett
Published: August 2023

Objective: To examine the influence of different crosshead speeds on the in vitro shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index scores for the same orthodontic adhesive.

Materials and methods: One hundred human molars were randomly allocated to four groups. Brackets (.022 inch Victory series, 3M, Monrovia, CA, USA) were bonded with Ortho Solo primer (Ormco, Glendora, CA, USA) and Enlight (Ormco, Glendora, CA, USA) adhesive paste to their buccal surfaces. The brackets were debonded with a universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA, USA) with each group subjected to a different crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, 1.0 mm/min, 2.0 mm/min and 5.0 mm/minute. Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured and enamel surfaces were examined to determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI) score.

Results: No significant differences were found between the mean SBS or ARI score for any of the groups.

Conclusions: Studies using different crosshead speeds when testing identical adhesives may be used to compare the SBS of other orthodontic adhesives, provided the testing protocols are similar.
The effects of face mask therapy with and without rapid maxillary expansion in adolescent patients
Authors: Yavuz İbrahim , Halıcıoğlu Koray , Ceylan İsmail , Dağsuyu İlhan Metin , Erdem Abdulvahit
Published: August 2023

Objective: To examine the effects of face mask therapy with and without associated rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in adolescent patients presenting with skeletal Class III malocclusion characterised by maxillary retrognathism.

Methods: Case records consisting of lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist films of 43 patients with hypoplastic maxillary Class III malocclusions treated using a face mask with and without an RME were analysed. The patients were divided into two groups; Group A (N = 27) were treated with a face mask coupled with rapid maxillary expansion and patients in Group B (N = 16) were treated with a face mask appliance only. Ten cephalometric linear and 9 angular variables were measured to assess the dentofacial changes. Within group and between groups comparisons were determined by a paired t-test and Student’s t-test, respectively.

Results: Forward displacement of the maxilla and a clockwise rotation of the mandible occurred in both groups. The maxillarymandibular relationship improved and soft-tissue changes resulted in a more convex profile. The maxillary incisors moved forward only in Group B subjects but the mandibular incisors moved backward in both groups.

Conclusions: Face mask therapy with and without an associated RME improved skeletal Class III malocclusion by a combination of skeletal and dental changes. These results suggested that the use of an RME should be based on clinical criteria rather than assisting the Class III correction.
The force-distance properties of attracting magnetic attachments for tooth movement in combination with clear sequential aligners
Authors: Phelan Angie , Petocz Peter , Walsh William , Ali Darendeliler M.
Published: August 2023

Background: The demand for clear sequential aligner therapy has increased dramatically in recent years. An improved system utilising small neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnetic attachments has been proposed to enhance appliance capabilities.

Aim: The aim of the investigation was to analyse the force system diagrams produced by small attracting NdFeB magnets to determine, 1) whether the force levels were sufficient to induce tooth movement, 2) the effect of magnet morphology on force characteristics and, 3) the most appropriate magnet dimensions that could be utilised for this application.

Methods: Twenty-nine NdFeB rectangular magnets of varying dimensions were tested. A Mach-1 universal testing machine (Biosyntech Inc, Quebec, Canada) was used to measure the attractive force of pairs of magnets. Measurements commenced with a magnetic pair in contact and subsequently vertically separated a distance of 10 mm at a speed of 12 mm/minute. For all magnetic configurations four repeat measurements were performed on five magnetic pairs of the same size.

Results: The force-distance diagrams for all magnet configurations demonstrated a dramatic decrease in force with increasing magnet separation. Rather than a suggested inverse square law, the experimental data followed an inverse fourth law when an offset determined by a regression analysis was applied to the distance. For the majority of magnets, insignificant forces were attained beyond 2 mm of separation. Magnets with large pole face areas and longer magnetic axes provided the greatest force.

Conclusions: A select range of magnet configurations exhibited suitable and reliable attractive forces and therefore could be advocated for prescribed clinical application.
A pharmacodynamic investigation into the efficacy of osteoprotegerin during aseptic inflammation
Authors: Curl Linda , Barker Christopher , Dreyer Craig , Sampson Wayne
Published: August 2023

Background: Osteoprotegerin (OPG), as an osteoclast antagonist, limits mineralised tissue resorption under physiological conditions. Previous work investigating OPG in a rat periodontal ligament (PDL) ankylosis model found no inhibitory effect on osteoclasts when OPG was administered at a dosage of 2.5mg/kg.1,2

Aims: The object of this study was to determine whether dosages higher than 2.5 mg/kg of OPG were required to limit osteoclastic activity in an aseptic inflammatory model in rats.

Materials and methods: Dry ice was applied for 15 minutes to the upper right first molar crown of eighteen, 8-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of 3 were injected with OPG at dosages of 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight immediately following the thermal insult. After 7 days, the rats were sacrificed and each maxilla processed for histological examination and stained for osteoclastic activity using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoclast population numbers were estimated via light microscopy and results were analysed using a comparative mixed model statistical analysis.

Results: Results showed OPG inhibited osteoclastic activity in a dose-dependent manner. From 2.5 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg, osteoclast populations were linearly reduced by 39.8% (p < 0.05). OPG did not appear to affect the inflammatory process and had varied efficacy in different regions of individual teeth.

Conclusion: Although osteoclastic activity reduced, it was not completely eliminated, perhaps because dosages were still inadequate, or additional factors might influence OPG and osteoclast activation in the aseptic inflammatory model.
Morphological effects of mesenchymal stem cells and pulsed ultrasound on condylar growth in rats: a pilot study
Authors: Oyonarte Rodrigo , Becerra Daniela , Díaz-Zúñiga Jaime , Rojas Victor , Carrion Flavio
Published: August 2023

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and describe the morphological effects of an intra-articular injection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and/or Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation on the mandibular condyles of growing rats, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and histology.

Methods: Twenty-six young (23-day-old) rats were divided into 5 groups identified as LIPUS-stimulated (20 minutes daily using 50 mW/cm2, 1MHz, 0.2 millisecond pulses), MSCs injected (1 x 105 cells/kg), LIPUS + MSCs, medium injected, and untreated controls. All treatments were performed in the left temporomandibular joint of each rat (TMJs). At day 21, CBCTs were obtained for cephalometric analysis and 3D reconstructions. After animal sacrifice, left and right TMJ sections were histologically prepared and examined. The Wilcoxon sign rank test and the Kruskal-Wallis 2 test were applied for statistical comparison.

Results: Imaging results showed that left condyles were wider in all LIPUS-treated groups (p < 0.05), while the LIPUS-only group had a greater left sagittal condylar length. LIPUS-treated groups displayed a lower midline shift to the right (p < 0.02). No significant differences were observed in the MSC group. Bone marrow morphology and vascularity differed between the groups as LIPUS-treated groups exhibited increased vascularity in the erosive cartilage zone.

Conclusion: It was established that LIPUS and MSC application to the TMJ region of growing rats favoured transverse condylar growth, while LIPUS application alone may enhance sagittal condylar development. The MSC injection model had little effect on sagittal condylar growth.
On the augmented reproducibility in measurements on 3D orthodontic digital dental models and the definition of feature points
Authors: Jacquet Wolfgang , Nyssen Edgard , Ibel Gabriele , Vannet Bart Vande
Published: August 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore digital measurement methodology on 3-dimensional (3D) dental models. Standardised manipulation and practices have lead to reliable measurements on plaster casts. Identifying landmarks on digital models or digitised plaster casts is fundamentally different from actual measurements. Three-dimensional models are represented on flat screens and landmarks are individually indentified. A procedure is proposed that resolves the deficiencies associated with a 2-dimensional (2D) display through an appropriate model representation and through local optimisation.

Methods: Fifteen models (OrthoProof) were exported to a locally developed 3D point indication software package, in which two measurement approaches were implemented involving standard projection with and without local search. Nine linear measurements were obtained from plaster casts and digital models. Statistical analysis included correlation and Friedman’s non-parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: For five out of nine linear measurements, digital indications yielded results significantly different from manual measurements (p = 0.05). Local search considerably improved measurement accuracy and reliability.

Conclusions: Measurements on plaster casts can differ significantly from those obtained through digital identification methods. These differences prove to be clinically relevant. Standardisation and optimisation resulted in improved and extremely reliable digital measurements.
Evaluation of dental and basal arch forms using cone-beam CT and 3D virtual models of normal occlusion
Authors: Bayome Mohamed , Park Jae Hyun , Han Seong Ho , Baek Seung-Hak , Sameshima Glenn T. , Kook Yoon-Ah
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the mandibular dental and basal arches using CBCT, and to assess the correlation between basal arch dimensions derived from CBCT and 3-dimensional (3D) virtual models in a cohort sample exhibiting normal occlusions.

Methods: The facial axis (FA) and root centre (RC) points of mandibular teeth were identified on 32 CBCT images. FA and WALA points were digitised on 3D models of 28 mandibular casts from the same sample. The relationships between dental and basal arch dimensions, and between the two basal depth dimensions derived from RC and WALA points were statistically assessed by Pearson’s correlation.

Results: Strong correlations were found between dental and basal intercanine and intermolar arch widths. Also, the basal intercanine width showed a moderate correlation with dental intermolar width and depth. The basal intercanine and intermolar widths measured on 3D models showed moderate correlations with those measurements on CBCT, whereas the basal canine and molar depths showed no correlations.

Conclusions: The dental and basal anterior and posterior arch widths were strongly correlated in normal occlusion. No correlations were found between the arch depths measured from WALA points and RC points. Hence, RC points may represent more useable landmarks compared to WALA points in the evaluation of basal arch forms. It is recommended that the relationship between the dental and basal arches is evaluated during treatment planning in order to improve arch co-ordination.
Occlusal variation in the Zuni: a pre-contact North American population
Authors: McKeever Aidan , Sutcliffe Paul
Published: August 2023

Background: Reports of occlusal variation in ancient populations consistently show a low prevalence of malocclusion coupled with heavy attritive wear.

Materials and methods: The dentitions of 28 individual remains from a pre-contact native North American population were examined and the extent and nature of occlusal variation recorded.

Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was low (mean IOTN = 2.14) and where crowding existed, was limited to intra-arch variability as opposed to inter-arch discrepancies. Increased overbites, overjets and other classical features of Class II malocclusions were almost entirely absent. These findings suggest that the ideal mutually protected Class I occlusion occurs only as a transient juvenile arrangement in nature, where, due to rapid attrition following establishment of the occlusion, there is an increasing tendency towards mild Class III, edge-to-edge incisor and buccal segment relationships.

Conclusion: Whilst of limited therapeutic benefit, an understanding of the anthropology of malocclusion provides an insightful perspective, and suggests that function may be of more importance than heredity in its aetiology. It is suggested that future occlusal studies in ancestral populations would benefit from the use of a standard methodology.
An evaluation of condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adolescents with unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
Authors: Halicioglu Koray , Celikoglu Mevlut , Yavuz Ibrahim , Sekerci Ahmet Ercan , Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmis
Published: August 2023

Aims: The primary purpose was to evaluate condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adolescent patients displaying unilateral posterior (UCB) and bilateral posterior crossbite (BCB) malocclusions. A secondary aim was to compare the findings with a matched control group exhibiting normal occlusion (CG) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Material and methods: The study groups consisted of (1) 30 patients (Mean age: 14.49 ± 1.91years) with a UCB, (2) 29 patients (Mean age: 14.57 ± 1.84 years) with a BCB, and (3) 36 patients (Mean age: 14.24 ± 2.42 years) as a matched control group (CG). Condylar, ramal, condylar-plus-ramal height and index measurements were performed using CBCT images following the method of Habets et al. A paired t-test was performed for side comparison in each group. One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to determine statistically-significant differences between the groups for asymmetry index measurements and Tukey’s HSD test was employed for individual group differences.

Results: There was no statistically significant difference in condylar height (CH), ramal height (RH), and condylar plus ramal height (CH + RH) measurements between the right and left sides of the UCB group and CG, except for the RH in the BCB group (p = 0.045). Tukey’s HSD test showed that the ramal asymmetry index (RAI) and the condylar plus the ramal asymmetry index (CRAI) were statistically significantly different between the UCB and BCB groups (p = 0.035 and p = 0.015, respectively).

Conclusions: Although the condylar asymmetry index (CAI) values were found to be high in the groups of UCB (13.84 ± 11.33), BCB (9.38 ± 8.56), and CG (10.58 ± 9.48), the comparisons amongst the groups were not statistically significant. The asymmetry between the UCB and BCB groups was observed for RAI and CRAI values, rather than CAI values.
A qualitative investigation of RANKL, RANK and OPG in a rat model of transient ankylosis
Authors: Curl Linda , Tan Chien Wei , Dreyer Craig W. , Sampson Wayne
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Previous studies have found ankylosis occurs as a part of the inflammatory process of aseptic root resorption initiated in a rat model.1 The physiologic mechanisms behind the development of dentoalveolar ankylosis and healing response are still unclear. While receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have gained momentum in the understanding of resorption, no study to date has investigated their role in dentoalveolar ankylosis.

Aims: The aims of this study were to investigate if, and when, ankylosis occurred in the rat PDL, whether the resolution of ankylosis occurred with time and, finally, to observe the expression of RANKL, RANK and OPG during the ankylotic process.

Materials and methods: Dry ice was applied for 20 minutes to the upper right first molar crown of 15 eight-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. An additional three rats served as untreated external controls. Groups of three rats were sacrificed after the thermal insult on day 0, 4, 7, 14 and 28 respectively. Each maxilla was dissected out and processed for histological examination and RANKL, OPG and RANK immunohistochemistry.

Results: By the use of light microscopy and H&E staining, no ankylosis was detected in the external control group and the experimental groups at days 0 and 4. On day 7, disruption within the periodontal ligament was observed in the interradicular region and the initial signs of ankylosis were seen in the form of finger-like projections extending from the alveolar bone towards the cementum. Fourteen days after the thermal insult, all animals exhibited extensive ankylosis that spanned the entire interradicular periodontal space. At 28 days, the development of ankylosis appeared to have ceased and repair was observed, together with an intact periodontal ligament in all but one rat. Positive staining results were obtained with RANKL, RANK and OPG antibodies. The expressions of RANKL, RANK and OPG were similar in the external control group, 0-, 4-, and 28-day experimental groups. In the 7- and 14-day experimental groups, RANKL, RANK and OPG were expressed in the blood vessels within the ankylotic regions.

Conclusions: During the development of ankylosis and its resolution, it was concluded from their simultaneous presence that there is a complex interaction between RANKL, RANK and OPG that requires further investigation.
Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement with the aid of periodontal surgery – the practitioner viewpoint
Authors: Kim Berna , Dreyer Craig W. , Sampson Wayne
Published: August 2023

Introduction: There has been a revival of interest in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by inducing injury to dentoalveolar cortical bone. Termed corticotomy, the procedure offers an advantage to adult patients whose bone metabolism is such that any reduction in treatment time would be welcomed. The procedure has been refined for over 100 years and recent research indicates treatment duration may be reduced often by as much as a third, but it is not clear how widely the method is applied in practice. For the procedure to be successful, careful interdisciplinary management by orthodontists and periodontists is required. However, information regarding the attitude and knowledge of practitioners and the frequency of the procedure performed in Australia and New Zealand is lacking.

Methods: A questionnaire was formulated and tested in a pilot study on postgraduate orthodontic and periodontic students at The University of Adelaide. As a consequence of the responses, the wording of several questions was clarified and the sequence modified to produce the final format. Separate questionnaires were developed for specialist orthodontists and periodontists in keeping with their different backgrounds and were distributed at two relevant conferences.

Results and conclusions: The number of practitioners who had been involved with at least one corticotomy per annum was low for orthodontists (12%) and periodontists (18%). The majority of those surveyed believed that more research was required on corticotomy-facilitated OTM and would not recommend the procedure to patients without greater investigation of the technique. More than half of the sampled orthodontists indicated that they would never recommend corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics to their patients. The minority who were willing to recommend the procedure would limit involvement to adult patients, the management of ankylosed teeth, impacted canines and patients susceptible to root resorption. Over 90% of the sampled periodontists believed that there were adverse side effects.
Modulatory Role of Galectin-1 in Ulcerative Colitis with Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Corovic Kemal , Stojanovic Bojan , Petrovic Andjela , Stanisavljevic Isidora , Maric Veljko , Zdravkovic Natasa , Jovanovic Marina
Published: August 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are widespread health conditions characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), an immunomodulatory peptide mainly secreted from adipose tissue, could potentially play a crucial role in mitigating these conditions. This cross-sectional study explores the involvement of Gal-1 in MetS and UC within a cohort of 75 patients, newly diagnosed with UC. The MetS subgroup displayed increased fecal Gal-1 levels compared to those without MetS. Furthermore, Gal-1 showed predominance over pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, in these subjects. These findings emphasize the potential involvement of Gal-1 in the pathophysiology of UC and MetS, presenting it as a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for these conditions.
Quality and its Improvement in the Context of Agility in Polish Organic Food Processing
Authors: Dziuba Szymon
Published: August 2023

In a world of increasingly advanced technology and market turbulence caused by geopolitical turmoil and the spread of diseases of affluence, there is a growing need to adapt products and services to current market requirements in response to consumer expectations. The need to find its place in a constantly changing further and closer business environment has been also recognized in the agri-food sector. Consumers, looking for alternatives to industrially produced food and wanting to improve their well-being, have in mind, above all, not only the health quality of the food but also the absence of physical and chemical contaminants, and therefore, they are increasingly inclined to purchase organic food products. Under these circumstances, many Polish enterprises that choose this type of production are looking for solutions that allow them to respond quickly to changing consumer expectations. This paper first critically analyzes the scientific literature by compiling publications on aspects of enterprise agility to analyze issues related to quality assurance and its improvement as a manifestation of meeting customer expectations. This allowed for the identification of the research gap and formulation of the research objective, i.e. the assessment of the quality improvement activities as important problems of agility in Polish organic food processing. The main part of the empirical research was conducted in 2021-2022 using a questionnaire dedicated to entities involved in organic food production. The research was comprehensive in nature. The questionnaire was distributed to the entire population surveyed whereas the amount of the results leads to the conclusion that the sample is representative. Statistical analysis and inference were carried out using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis, and U-Mann-Whitney tests.
A Correlative Study of Vitamin D Receptor Variants Fok1, Apa1, Bsm1, and Taq1 Polymorphism and Vitamin D Deficiency with Higher Risk Ratio of Coronary Artery Disease in Female Population
Authors: Shaik Mahaboob Vali , Madhuri S , Rohith Karnati , Kuragayala Swarna Deepak , Shaik Munni , Bhakthavatsala Reddy C , BabuLal S , Gangapatnam Subrahmanyam
Published: August 2023

No studies are available on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene in association with coronary artery disease (CAD) in women. The study aimed to investigate the association between SNPs in the VDR regions Fok I (rs10735810), Bsm I (rs1544410), Apa I (rs7975232), and Taq I (rs731236) and its associated risk of CAD in female patients. This prospective case-control study included 100 women diagnosed with CAD and age-matched healthy controls. The association between 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels and VDR polymorph was assessed. In cases, the genotype ‘ff’ was reduced (14%) in co-dominant (OR, 0.13; CI, 0.03–0.65, p=0.0018) and recessive (OR, 0.11; CI, 0.02–0.54, p=0.0018) models. The ‘Ff’ genotype frequency in the over-dominant model was significantly higher (15%) in some cases (OR, 2.58; CI, 1.04–6.41, p=0.031). The frequency of genotype ‘Bb’ was increased (14%) in co-dominant (OR, 2.24; CI, 0.83–6.01, p=0.029) and over-dominant (OR, 2.65; CI, 1.01–6.94, p=0.035) cases. Women with CAD had a significantly lower frequency (14%) of the ‘bb’ genotype in both co-dominant (OR, 0.48; CI, 0.19–1.17, p=0.029) and recessive models (OR, 0.40; CI, 0.17–0.95, p=0.039). VDR genotypes such as Aa+aa, BB+Bb, Aa, Bb, FF+Ff, Tt+tt, aa, Ff, and tt were associated with an increased risk of CAD, and serum vitamin D levels were lower. Alleles ‘a’, ‘B’, and ‘t’ increase CAD risk in women. Subjects with genotypes (BB/Bb), (Tt/tt), and (FF) have a 2-fold, 2.6-fold, and 3-fold increased risk of low 25(OH)D3 levels. We found a statistically significant association between VDR polymorphisms and 25(OH)D3 levels for Taq I and Bsm I genotypes in females with CAD.
ANALISIS PROFESIONALISME KINERJA PEJABAT PENATAUSAHAAN KEUANGAN SATUAN KERJA PERANGKAT DAERAH KOTA BANDA ACEH
Authors: Elvira Cut Yunita , Handayani Meutia , Ardian Ardian
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the professionalism of the performance of the financial administration apparatus in the Banda Aceh regional work unit by using position analysis and understanding of regional financial management information systems on the performance of the regional financial administration apparatus. The sampling technique in this study is the census method, obtaining 44 respondents. The results show that job analysis and understanding of regional financial management information systems partially have a significant effect on the performance of the financial administration apparatus in the Banda Aceh regional work unit. Furthermore, job analysis and regional financial management information systems understanding have a significant effect on the financial administration apparatus performance in the Banda Aceh regional work unit simultaneously.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ANALYSIS OF RSIA UMMU HANI USING A BALANCED SCORECARD APPROACH
Authors: Wasis Tri Retno , Maghfiroh Siti
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the hospital’s performance assessment with the Balanced Scorecard approach. The object of this research is a private hospital in Purbalingga. The research method used is a case study quantitative research method. This study’s data collection techniques used financial statement documentation for secondary data. The results showed that the hospital’s performance assessment from the three balanced scorecard perspectives was quite good. It was concluded that: (1) the financial perspective is good in terms of financial ratios following the criteria; (2) the customer perspective is quite good based on the result of the calculation of customer retention and customer acquisition; (3) the internal business perspective is quite good based on the result of the percentage of BOR, TOI, LOS, and BTO values is not following the Minister of Health standards No. 1171 of 2011; and (4) the perspective of growth and learning is quite good because based on HR training data regarding employee retention and employee training.
KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN: INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, SUSTAINABILITY REPORT, DAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Laura Cut , Fitri Yulia , Ariani Nita Erika
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of intellectual capital, sustainability reports, and good corporate governance on financial performance (ROE) in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research is quantitative. The research population is banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period, with a total population of 47 companies. The sampling method is purposive sampling to obtain 8 companies as research samples. The research data uses secondary data obtained from the documentation of financial reports, annual reports, and sustainability reports published on the IDX and the company website. The data analysis used was multiple linear regression using the SPSS 25 application. The results showed that intellectual capital and sustainability reports had a significant positive effect on financial performance (ROE), institutional ownership, managerial ownership, independent board of commissioners, and board of directors did not affect financial performance (ROE) in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period.
PENGARUH JENIS PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA, JUMLAH PENDUDUK, DAN LUAS WILAYAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN ANGGARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI ACEH
Authors: Achyar Muhammad Zul , Saleh Muhammad
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of the type of district/city government, total population, and area size on changes to district/city government budgets in Aceh in 2020 and 2021. The data used is secondary data from local government financial reports audited by the BPK RI (Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia), reports on changes to the budget obtained from BPKA (Badan Pengelola Keuangan Aceh), total population data from BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik), and area size data from the Directorate General of Population and Civil Registry of the Ministry of Home Affairs. The data analysis method used is the Multiple Linear Regression Test. The results showed that the area size and total population had a significant effect on budget changes, the type of district/city government did not affect changes to district/city government budgets in Aceh during the Covid-19, while the three independent variables simultaneously affected dependent variables. The Coefficient of Determination analysis result is 0.279, which means that the variable type of district/city government, total population, and area size can explain 27.9% of changes in district/city government budgets during the pandemic.
A Test of a Cognitive Appraisal Model of the Influence of Perceptions of Seriousness and Self-Compassion as Influencing Impostor Experiences
Authors: Renee Bowen Pereira Jessica , Deemer Eric D.
Published: August 2023

Impostor phenomenon, the feeling of intellectual fraudulence, is commonly experienced by college students and may be predicated in environmental variables. If students feel that others do not take them seriously, they may feel like impostors. Self-compassion is theorized to protect against the effects of impostor phenomenon and negative environmental phenomena. Using cognitive appraisal theory, this study framed the environmental stress of not being taken seriously as possibly resulting in a negative primary appraisal. It was hypothesized that self-compassion and perceptions of seriousness would negatively predict impostor phenomenon. The authors also predicted that self-compassion would moderate the relationship between perceptions of seriousness and impostor phenomenon. Results of a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that increased levels of self-compassion were found to be related to fewer reported impostor experiences, ΔF(2, 194) = 76.23, β = –.66, p < .001, ΔR2 = .31, R2 = .44, f2 = .59, but perceptions of seriousness negatively predicted impostor phenomenon, F(1, 195) = 23.56, β = –.32, p < .001, R2 = .11, f2 = .12. Self-compassion was not found to moderate the relationship between perceptions of seriousness and impostor phenomenon, ΔF(3, 193) = 50.62, β = .11, p = .75, ΔR2 = .00, R2 = .44, f2 = .00. Self-compassion is likely a buffer against the effects of IP, but the connections between perceptions of college campuses and impostor features requires further exploration. Further research regarding how self-compassion and perceptions of seriousness influence impostor features in university students is needed. Limitations, implications, and future directions are offered.
Implementation of the National Project "Ecology" in 2019–2022: Facts and figures
Authors: EDRONOVA Valentina N.
Published: August 2023

Subject. The article is devoted to the conservation of natural resources within the framework of the national project "Ecology", and considers the need to assess the project results achieved over four years.
Objectives. The aims are to establish and summarize the goals of federal projects of the national project "Ecology", systematize actual indicators of implementation in the context of federal projects included in the national project, compare the achieved actual targets with design values, and assess the level of achieved goals and financial support to the project.
Methods. The study employs methods of generalization of official information of Rosstat, the Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, other ministries and departments involved in the implementation of the national project "Ecology", assessment of development dynamics, comparative analysis.
Results. For each federal project, I presented established goals, a summary table of actually achieved indicators in 2019–­2022, analyzed the dynamics of actual targets for this period, determined the degree of actual performance against project values, performed a comparative analysis of financial support by federal districts.
Conclusions. Consideration of objectives of federal projects and their targets enabled to specify the goals of the national project, i.e. improving the life quality, ensuring the economic development, using advanced technologies. The targets achieved over four years testify to successful implementation of the national project. Budget financing of the project and the level of execution of the federal budget tend to grow.
Stages of choosing a project for the diversification of production and business
Authors: RYZHIKOVA Tamara N.
Published: August 2023

Subject. The article considers the process of selecting a project for diversification of production and business at machine-building enterprises.
Objectives. The purpose is to develop elements of a logical model of the diversification process, i.e. determination of the type of production, assessment of enterprise's readiness for diversification, assessment of resources of the diversified enterprise and expectations from the diversification project, formation of indicators to evaluate the diversified business.
Methods. I employ a consistent comparative analysis of diversification projects at machine-building enterprises, which are the necessary basis for the study. The tools of the analysis rest on in-depth review of various theories of diversification and enable to visualize the results of the data obtained.
Results. I compared different theories and classifications, determined the main metrics and sequence of their application when making a decision on diversification, defined objectives of diversification and ways to achieve cost-effectiveness of the project. The paper offers an approach to ensure the consistency of evaluation process and to analyze prospects for production diversification. It also formulates the necessary parameters of products selected by the enterprise for diversification, identifies and evaluates indicators for rapid assessment of diversification project, specifies the order of stages of selecting the diversification project.
Conclusions. Enterprises with more than a quarter of the range of civilian products, qualified personnel, elaborated system of resource supply relying on flexible production, a high level of automation, and a technological platform have high chances to successfully implement a diversification project.
Analyzing the sensitivity of internal rate of return to the variable determination of initial investments in the life cycle to calculate the net present value of an investment project
Authors: GUZHEV Dmitrii A.
Published: August 2023

Subject. The article analyzes the sensitivity of internal rate of return (IRR) to the determination of initial investments at the main stages of life cycle of an investment project in the form of capital investments.
Objectives. The aim is to analyze the sensitivity of IRR to a variable estimate of the initial investment volume determined in the basic, optimistic and pessimistic scenario of implementation, in the context of investment project life cycle in the form of capital investments.
Methods. The study employs generally recognized scientific methods of information analysis and synthesis.
Results. I reviewed recent publications on sensitivity analysis of dynamic indicators of investment efficiency by foreign and domestic researches, including the IRR, briefly considered international and domestic modern and classic regulatory techniques of sensitivity analysis of IRR for an investment project, performed the sensitivity analysis of IRR at the main stages of investment project life cycle, on the case of a successfully implemented project, in the five-year useful life planning horizon, in three scenarios of investment project implementation (basic, optimistic, and pessimistic). The findings can be used in the comprehensive assessment of return on investment, including at early stages of investment project life cycle, when a fundamental decision is made on the start of the project, and required investment performance indicators are established, including IRR for investment project.
Conclusions. In the sensitivity analysis of IRR for an investment project, I determined the influence of variable assessment of initial investments on the dynamic performance indicator under study.