bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of the dipstick screening test as a predictor of negative urine culture
Authors: Marques Alexandre Gimenes , Doi André Mario , Pasternak Jacyr , Damascena Márcio dos Santos , França Carolina Nunes , Martino Marinês Dalla Valle
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate whether the urine dipstick screening test can be used to predict urine culture results. Methods A retrospective study conducted between January and December 2014 based on data from 8,587 patients with a medical order for urine dipstick test, urine sediment analysis and urine culture. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were determined and ROC curve analysis was performed. Results The percentage of positive cultures was 17.5%. Nitrite had 28% sensitivity and 99% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 89% and 87%, respectively. Leukocyte esterase had 79% sensitivity and 84% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 51% and 95%, respectively. The combination of positive nitrite or positive leukocyte esterase tests had 85% sensitivity and 84% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 53% and 96%, respectively. Positive urinary sediment (more than ten leukocytes per microliter) had 92% sensitivity and 71% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 40% and 98%, respectively. The combination of nitrite positive test and positive urinary sediment had 82% sensitivity and 99% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 91% and 98%, respectively. The combination of nitrite or leukocyte esterase positive tests and positive urinary sediment had the highest sensitivity (94%) and specificity (84%), with positive and negative predictive values of 58% and 99%, respectively. Based on ROC curve analysis, the best indicator of positive urine culture was the combination of positives leukocyte esterase or nitrite tests and positive urinary sediment, followed by positives leukocyte and nitrite tests, positive urinary sediment alone, positive leukocyte esterase test alone, positive nitrite test alone and finally association of positives nitrite and urinary sediment (AUC: 0.845, 0.844, 0.817, 0.814, 0.635 and 0.626, respectively). Conclusion A negative urine culture can be predicted by negative dipstick test results. Therefore, this test may be a reliable predictor of negative urine culture.
Modified Bacterial Conjugation Protocol For Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries v1
Authors: Woods April , G Jason Smith not provided
Published: April 2017

This is a modified version of 'Conjugation of Thalassiosira pseudonana', publishedby J. Turnsekdx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.f55bq86. The protocol was modified to enhance viability in the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries. This version was used to transform Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries isolate 15091C3 with an episomal plasmid derived from pPtPUC3 to express a egfp gene under control of the P. multiseries actin promoter and termination domains.
ALBA4 coordinates stage-specific interactions and mRNA fates during Plasmodium growth and transmission v1
Authors: E. Munoz Elyse , Kevin J. Hart not provided , Michael P. Walker not provided , Mark F. Kennedy not provided , Mackenzie M. Shipley not provided , and Scott E. Lindner not provided
Published: April 2017

Expanded protocols for our manuscript entitled "ALBA4 coordinates stage-specific interactions and mRNA fates during Plasmodium growth and transmission"
Justice Sensitivity and Mental Well-Being among Male Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Astanina N.B.
Published: April 2017

The research explores the link between mental well-being and justice sensitivity among male juvenile offenders. 171 adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years (82 offenders and 89 law-abiding adolescents) were interviewed. The following methods were used: Justice Sensitivity Inventory (M. Schmitt), including 4 scales which measures justice sensitivity from different roles, and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale. Revealed, that offenders were significantly more sensitive to justice than law-abiding adolescents. Mental well-being of offenders is positively associated with all types of justice sensitivity: victim sensitivity, as well as the other three roles– observer sensitivity, beneficiary sensitivity, perpetrator sensitivity, which are the components of prosocial justice sensitivity. In the group of law-abiding adolescents significant relationship among mental well-being and justice sensitivity was not found.
Life Competences as Integral Part of Educational Context for Children with Learning Delay
Authors: Babkina N.V.
Published: April 2017

The problem of integration of children with learning delay (LD) into the mainstream education system is discussed in the present article. Data, demonstrating the risk of inclusion without taking into account special educational needs of these children, are presented; necessity of inclusion of forming the sphere of life competences into the contents of education for these children is justified. The main directions and requirements to the results of special work in the sphere of life competence are disclosed, including the development of the child's adequate ideas about his own capabilities and limitations; mastering of routine skills, which are used in everyday life; acquisition of communication skills; differentiation and comprehension of world concept and its temporal-spatial organization; understanding of their social environment and development of age-appropriate system of values and social roles.

Funding
The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation within the framework of Task No. 27.8968.2017.
TRATAMENTO DE HERPES SIMPLES TIPO 1 COM LASER DE BAIXA INTENSIDADE (660 NM) – RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Martins Marcela Lopes da Silva , Arantes Ana Caroline Silva , Nicolau Renata Amadei
Published: April 2017

Herpes simples é uma infecção ulcerativa mucocutânea viral, cujo agente etiológico é o vírus da família Herpesviridae [herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) e tipo 2 (HSV-2)]. A herpes simples tipo 1 se relaciona às doenças orofaciais e a do tipo 2 a doenças genitais. Caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento de múltiplas vesículas, em geral agrupadas na mucosa, geralmente maiores e superficiais, que se rompem rapidamente, formando úlceras que podem coalecer. As úlceras são circunscritas por um halo eritematoso recobertas por uma membrana acinzentada. Considerando o emprego da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade (TLBI) em herpes simples e a restrita divulgação no meio clínico, este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a efetividade desta no tratamento de HSV-1 labial. A partir de um caso clínico, foram discutidas as vantagens da abordagem clínica adotada em comparação com outras condutas terapêuticas relatadas na literatura. A TLBI proporcionou, no caso tratado, uma rápida melhora na reparação tecidual, ação anti-inflamatória e analgésica, além de diminuição do número de recidivas e retardo de novas manifestações.
MAMOGRAFIA DE RASTREAMENTO PARA CÂNCER DE MAMA PELO SUS NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO VALE DO PARAÍBA E LITORAL NORTE: TENDÊNCIA E CARACTERISTICAS SOCIAIS DE MULHERES SUBMETIDAS AO EXAME, ENTRE 2010 E 2014
Authors: Silva Patricia Almeida , Vianna Paula Vilhena Carnevale , Barja Paulo Roxo
Published: April 2017

Análises da vulnerabilidade das mulheres para o câncer de mama revelam que, no Brasil, mulheres negras e menos instruídas têm menor acesso à mamografia de rastreamento, exame que permite a detecção precoce do câncer. Desde 2006, o controle do câncer de mama é política prioritária no SUS. Este estudo analisa a série histórica de exames de mamografia de rastreamento realizados pelo SUS no período de 2010 a 2014, na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte – RMVale, para investigar se houve aumento na oferta do exame e qual a caracterização dessas mulheres quanto à  instrução e cor. A partir de dados obtidos do SISMAMA – Sistema de Informação do Câncer de Mama do Ministério da Saúde –  realizou-se análise descritiva por meio do programa Origin 7.5 (MicroCal). Observou-se significativo índice de não preenchimento dos campos do formulário que alimentam o SISMAMA. A análise mostrou aumento expressivo na oferta e razão de mamografias de rastreamento, porém os dados disponíveis revelaram persistência de desigualdade de acesso: mulheres de cor negra/parda e com menor instrução apresentaram menor percentual de acesso à mamografia; a tendência de maior grau de malignidade no exame radiológico foi observada em mulheres com menor grau de instrução e cor branca. A regionalização ampliou o acesso à mamografia, porém mulheres em situação de vulnerabilidade devem receber atenção especial da rede de serviços. O preenchimento dos formulários deve ser incentivado.
FALHA POR CORROSÃO EM TUBULAÇÃO DE DESCARTE DE ÁGUA DO MAR
Authors: Fundão Alexandre Sponfelner , Silva Fernando Zorzanelli da , Garcia Davi Pereira , Zancanella Antonio Carlos Barbosa , Malheiros Felipe Costa Novo , Maziero Rômulo , Cunha Vinicius Silva da
Published: April 2017

A análise de falhas potenciais compreende o uso de técnicas sistemáticas que utilizam conhecimentos de engenharia para mitigar possíveis falhas, tanto do projeto quanto dos sistemas analisados, e propor ações que evitem a ocorrência dessas falhas. O problema prático de uma falha por corrosão em linha de overboard de água do mar demonstra as dificuldades que a indústria offshore enfrenta, por causa das condições extremas e a falta adequada de uma seleção de materiais para certas aplicações. Nesta pesquisa foi realizada a utilização de ferramentas de análise de falha e os conceitos para destacar a importância da melhor seleção de revestimentos internos em tubulações de aço do sistema de refrigeração com água salgada, pois quando esses revestimentos são mal selecionados acabam comprometendo a função que é a inibição dos agentes corrosivos, deixando, dessa forma, que a corrosão seja acentuada nos pontos onde o revestimento falha. Os resultados desta pesquisa contribuem para auxiliar a indústria na seleção e aplicação de revestimentos em tubulações de aço dos sistemas de refrigeração com água salgada.
Assessment of nutritional status and preference of nutritional supplements among anganwadi children
Authors: E. Suganya , H. N. Vrushabhendra , S. Srikanth , V. Sudha
Published: April 2017

Background: Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) was launched in India during 1975, to tackle the high prevalence of malnutrition among under 5 children. NFHS 3 (2005-06) reports that only 33% of ICDS services were utilized by them. To ensure the effectiveness of the scheme, nutritional status of under 5 children and the form of nutritional supplement - either Hot Cooked Meals (HCM) or Take Home Ration (THR), preferred by the beneficiaries must be assessed. Methods: A Cross sectional study was done among under 5 children in 2015 for a period of 2 months, in three randomly selected villages, Rural Field Practice Area, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Puducherry. Weight and Height were measured for all the eligible children using standard procedures. World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards were used to assess their nutritional status. The mothers were enquired about the nutritional supplement utilization, type of nutrition supplement (HCM/THR) utilized by their children and the reasons for preference. Statistical significance was assessed by chi-square test. Results: Among 153 children enrolled, 138 (90%) were consuming HCM and 15 (10%) were THR utilizers. The overall prevalence of under nutrition was 59%. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were 28%, 28% and 38.5% respectively and it was found significantly (p value <0.05) higher among THR utilizers (74%, 60% and 53% respectively) than those receiving HCM (25%, 36% and 23%). Conclusions: HCM was preferred more than THR. The children receiving HCM were better nourished than THR utilizers.
A cross-sectional analysis of patient-reported awareness, management, and understandings of diabetes and hypertension among cataract patients in rural southern Honduran communities
Authors: King Amber Loren Ong
Published: April 2017

Background: In Honduras, the prevalence of cataracts, the leading cause of blindness, is rapidly mounting as associated chronic conditions, diabetes and hypertension, are on the rise. The increased demand for cataract surgeries has had the most severe impact on rural communities, as the majority of ophthalmologists serve cities. Additionally, owing to rural healthcare barriers, many rural dwellers have uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes, and consequently, are denied surgical candidacy due to increased surgical risk. Thus, this investigation aims to curb chronic illness in rural Honduran cataract patients by evaluating patient-reported prevalence, management, and local understandings of diabetes and hypertension in the context of socioeconomic data. Methods: The responses of cataract patients to a poverty scorecard and survey questionnaire were categorized and evaluated according to guidelines in the surrounding literature. Height, weight, blood pressure and glucose levels were also measured for each participant. Results: 22.0% and 53.7% of all study participants (n=82) were hyperglycemic and hypertensive respectively. Of the hyperglycemic patients, 38.9% had never been diagnosed with diabetes, while the remaining 61.1% appeared to have mismanaged blood glucose levels. 50% of the hypertensive patients had never been diagnosed with hypertension, and the other 50% appeared to have mismanaged blood pressure. More than half of all participants exhibited only a minimal understanding of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusions: Rural Honduran communities would benefit from regular health screenings and follow-up visits from local doctors. It is important for community health workshops to focus on informing individual health management practices and chronic illness prevention strategies.
Atopic dermatitis in children: a clinico epidemiological study and the role of dietary restrictions in disease severity
Authors: Nadeem Ahmed , V. Bindu , Riyaz Najeeba
Published: April 2017

Background: Atopic dermatitis is chronic or chronically relapsing inflammatory dermatoses. Immune sensitization to food derived allergens play an important role in its pathogenesis. Aim of this study was to assess the clinical and epidemiological aspects of atopic dermatitis in children below 12 years of age, the role played by dietary modifications in the severity of disease and to correlate serum IgE levels with clinical severity and dietary modifications.

Methods: Seventy five patients, diagnosed as atopic dermatitis in age group of 1-12 years who attended   Dermatology department in a tertiary care hospital during a 1 year period were selected. The clinico epidemiological features were noted. Patients were asked to avoid milk, egg and food containing milk and egg and other precipitating food for 3 weeks. SCORAD index and serum IgE levels  was assessed initially and after 3 weeks..

Results: Of the 75 children with atopic dermatitis majority had pruritus and typical morphology of lesions .It was seen that 44% had food as their main precipitant; 26.7% inhalants, 22.7% seasonal variations and 6.7% had other precipitants including alternative medication. Mean SCORAD index of the cases and mean serum IgE values were decreased after 3 weeks of dietary restrictions.

Conclusions: Food was found to be the major precipitant, followed by inhalants, seasonal variations and other medications. Egg, fish and milk were found to be the major precipitants amongst food. There was a decline in SCORAD index and mean serum IgE after 3 weeks of dietary restriction.
La helmintología según la filosofía de la ciencia de Imre Lakatos
Authors: Orensanz Martín , Denegri Guillermo
Published: April 2017

A pesar de que en distintas ramas de la biología se ha utilizado la filosofía de la ciencia de Lakatos, no se ha hecho esto con la helmintología. Aquí utilizamos su metodología de programas de investigación científica (PIC) para reconstruir la historia de la disciplina en cuestión. Sostenemos que el primer PIC de la biología lo inauguró Aristóteles, y en su cinturón protector hay un pequeño grupo de hipótesis auxiliares que se refieren a los helmintos. Ese programa se mantuvo vigente hasta el siglo XVII, época en la que surgen dos PIC rivales en helmintología: el internalista y el externalista. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el PIC internalista fue abandonado, mientras que el externalista amplió considerablemente su cinturón protector durante el siglo XX. El abandono del PIC internalista se debió a los experimentos cruciales de Küchenmeister, que permitieron la consolidación del PIC externalista.
Características agronômicas do girassol irrigado com águas salinas em substratos com fertilizantes orgânicos
Authors: De Sousa Geocleber Gomes , De Araújo Viana Thales Vinícius , Rebouças Neto Mário De Oliveira , Da Silva Giovana Lopes , De Azevedo Benito Moreira , Barroso Costa Fellype Rodrigo
Published: April 2017

As plantas respondem diferenciadamente aos efeitos dos sais nas distintas fases do seu ciclo. No entanto, o uso de condicionantes orgânicos pode atenuar o efeito do estresse salino sobre o crescimento das plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do estresse salino no crescimento inicial de plantas de girassol cultivadas em substratos com diferentes fertilizantes orgânicos. O trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental da Estação Agrometeorológica da Universidade Federal do Ceará, em Fortaleza, no período de setembro a novembro de 2013. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 2, referente aos substratos (S1 = areia + arisco + composto orgânico; S2 = areia + arisco + biofertilizante de caranguejo; S3 = areia + arisco + biofertilizante bovino de fermentação aeróbia; S4 = areia + arisco + biofertilizante bovino de fermentação anaeróbia), com duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,8 e 5,0 dS m-1), com 5 repetições. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e altura de plantas, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total. O S3 e o S4 proporcionam maior altura de planta e área foliar nas plantas irrigadas com água de baixa salinidade. As plantas cultivadas com o S3 e S4 apresentaram maiores valores em número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, matéria seca da parte aérea, da raiz e total.Palavras-chave: Helianthusannuus L. Estresse salino. Condicionantes orgânicos.
AS REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS E O NOSSO PATRIMÔNIO: EXPERIÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula
Published: April 2017

AS REGIÕES BRASILEIRAS E O NOSSO PATRIMÔNIO:EXPERIÊNCIA DE EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL
MANIFESTAÇÕES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS NO AMAPÁ: A ARTE DO MARABAIXO NO TEMPO PRESENTE
Authors: Pessoa Mônica Do Nascimento , Venera Raquel Alvarenga de Sena
Published: April 2017

MANIFESTAÇÕES AFRO-BRASILEIRAS NO AMAPÁ: A ARTE DO MARABAIXO NO TEMPO PRESENTE
O ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR NA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO PARÁ CAMPUS VII ULTRAPASSANDO A CONCEPÇÃO TÉCNICO-APLICACIONISTA: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Almeida Nívea Mª Coelho Barbosa de , Gomes Darlene Araújo , Freitas Nidal Afif Obeid , Carrijo Walnélia Benigno Magalhães
Published: April 2017

O ESTÁGIO CURRICULAR NA UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO PARÁ CAMPUS VII ULTRAPASSANDO A CONCEPÇÃO TÉCNICO-APLICACIONISTA: LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES
EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL BRASILEIRA E PARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA: UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA
Authors: Rocha Ananda Figueiredo
Published: April 2017

EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL BRASILEIRA EPARTICIPAÇÃO FEMININA: UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA
“BULLYING HOMOFÓBICO” NO PRIMEIRO CICLO DE ENSINO
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Maia da , Nunes Carina Aparecida Lima , Rodrigues Ana Claúdia da Silva
Published: April 2017

“BULLYING HOMOFÓBICO” NO PRIMEIRO CICLO DE ENSINO
DROGAS NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ESCOLA
Authors: Rocha Pâmela Dos Santos , Silva Shirlley De Souza , Raimundo Janielly Bezerra
Published: April 2017

DROGAS NA ADOLESCÊNCIA: UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ESCOLA
A DISCUSSÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL NEGRA, CONSTRUINDO SABERES NOS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Paula Josiane Beloni de , Paim Elison Antonio
Published: April 2017

A DISCUSSÃO ÉTNICO-RACIAL NEGRA, CONSTRUINDO SABERES NOS PROCESSOS FORMATIVOS DE PROFESSORES
关于电力工程施工管理的探讨
Authors: 彭 云焰
Published: April 2017

本文作者阐述了控制电力工程质量的重要性，分析了电力工程施工管理中存在的问题，提出了电力工程质量管理控制措施。
探析变电站调度自动化运行中的常见问题及其措施
Authors: 彭 兴晖
Published: April 2017

变电站调度自动化系统虽然提高了电力系统的智能化和自动化水平，但是该系统在日常的运行当中出现了各种问题，不仅影响了系统的正常工作，更在很大程度上电力系统的安全和稳定。基于此，本文概述了变电站调度自动化技术，阐述了变电站调度自动化技术运行的重要性，对变电站调度自动化运行中的常见故障及其措施进行了探讨分析，旨在保障电力系统的安全运行。
探析高层房屋建筑错层结构抗震的注意事项及其设计要点
Authors: 王 杨
Published: April 2017

当前高层房屋建筑错层结构工程已得到广泛应用，但是错层结构由于楼板不连续，会引起构件内力分配及地震作用沿层高分布的复杂化，还容易形成不利于抗震的短柱和矮墙，属于复杂多高层结构，并且错层结构在建模、计算、出图等各个设计环节上都有其特殊性，因此需要加强对其进行分析。基于此，本文概述了高层房屋建筑错层结构，阐述了高层房屋建筑错层结构的特征及其影响，对高层房屋建筑错层结构抗震的注意事项及其设计要点进行了探讨分析。
浅析信息时代党校图书馆的开发及应用
Authors: 霍 家升
Published: April 2017

当今社会是以知识经济为主导的知识型社会，知识影响社会的生产与发展，财富积累、个人发展和社会进步都必须以知识为基础。图书馆作为知识信息的存储中心，在知识经济时代扮演越来越重要的角色。党校是对党员干部进行培训与教育的熔炉与阵地，党校图书馆要根据本地区社会经济发展的主要任务收藏地方文献资料和高质量专题情报资料，面对众多的资料管理与实时查询服务的压力，必须引入新的知识管理理念，使党校图书馆能更好地服务于党校的教学、科研工作和服务于领导层的决策，提升党校图书馆在知识社会中的地位与核心竞争力。
全面开展10千伏及以下配电网项目可研设计的探索
Authors: 文 祥
Published: April 2017

本文以国家电网公司试图结合国网张家界供电公司的有关实践，探索全面开展10千伏及以下项目可行性研究的相关问题，目的是解决当前配电网项目在纳入投资计划前工程方案的可行性问题、工程规模的合理性问题、投资估算严重偏离问题，更好的落实规划建设技术原则，科学编制投资计划，促进电网建设资金的合理利用和中低压配电网的科学发展。
浅析水泥混凝土路面的管理与养护
Authors: 任 海军
Published: April 2017

随着水泥混凝土路面修筑技术的日臻完善，水泥混凝土路面发展的速度较快。然而随着水泥混凝土路面的增长，水泥路面的许多病害也逐渐体现出来，为了及时处治水泥混凝土路面发生的病害，修复已损坏的路面，延长路面使用寿命，以保证车辆行驶安全、特别是对于高等级公路选用何种类型的路面存在着许多不容忽视的因素，水泥混凝土这种水硬性材料对设计强度不足、超载很敏感或者由于施工方面的原因而达不到设计的要求，一旦出现上述情况，破坏就会迅速发展，现均对水泥混凝土路面常见病害和对策进行了研究。
中国移动通信发展简述
Authors: 初 晓
Published: April 2017

移动通信可以说从无线电通信发明之日就产生了，第一代移动通信技术1G，是在20世纪80年代由美国的贝尔实验室提出。第二代移动通信技术2G，是在20世纪90年代出现并取得快速发展的。三代移动通信3G，是在21世纪初出现并迅速成为市场主流。第四代移动通信，即4G，是最近几年才兴起并占领市场的。移动互联网的发展在一定程度上催生了4G技术，成为现阶段最为热门的移动通信技术。
简析市政给排水工程的规划设计与施工
Authors: 张 勇
Published: April 2017

市政给排水工程建设是城市基础设施建设的重要组成部分。为适应城市的快速发展，改善供水水质，在规划设计与施工中，应充分考虑各方面因素，从而保障给排水工程的正常运行。本文对市政给排水系统的现状问题以及市政给排水工程的规划设计与施工进行了简要分析，以供借鉴。
城市道路绿化建设的几点看法
Authors: 徐 响玉
Published: April 2017

城市道路绿化，是城市园林绿地系统的重要组成部分，也是城市文明的重要标志之一。街道绿化搞好了，不仅美化街景，而且还有净化空气、减弱噪音、减尘、改善小气候、防风、防火，保护路面、组织城市交通、维护交通等作用，同时也会有一定的经济效益和社会效益。近些年，全国各城市都加大了园林绿化力度，争创园林绿化先进城市，园林部门把创“全国园林城”作为重要任务，街道绿化作为城市的“脸面”，是重中之重。因此，新街道的绿化建设，老旧街道的绿化改造，成为大多数中小城市建设、园林部门每年的主要任务之一，并对城市道路绿化的设计、建设担负着重要的责任。现就城市道路绿化建设有以下几点看法，供大家参考。
简议化学建材中常见的防水涂料及其检测工艺
Authors: 朱 文强 , 何 莹莹 , 彭 瑞 , 单 钦可
Published: April 2017

近年来，我国为了有效保障化学建材中的防水涂料质量，国家相关检测部门提高了对防水涂料进行检验的基本标准，从而更加全面的保障其质量。检测部门的工作人员对防水涂料开展检测工作时需要有效掌握国家出台的最新检测标准，保障检测工作准确有效。基于此，本文阐述了化学建材防水涂料检测的必要性及常见的防水涂料，对化学建材中的防水涂料检测工艺进行了论述分析，旨在保障化学建材中的防水涂料质量。
浅议建筑工程施工管理工作
Authors: 盛 森涛 , 吴 慧玉
Published: April 2017

本文阐述了建筑工程施工管理的重要性，针对当前建筑工程施工中存在的问题，探讨了如何做好建筑施工管理工作，以保证建筑工程施工顺利进行。
浅析市政园林工程施工及质量控制
Authors: 胡 红芬 , 李 灵威
Published: April 2017

在市政园林工程建设中，要根据具体的地理条件，因地制宜，合理规划，以质量为先，在保证工程质量的前提下，把投资成本降到最低，以最少的投资获得更大的经济效益。本文对市政园林工程的施工内容以及市政园林工程施工质量控制措施进行了分析，旨在提高园林工程施工的水平，美化城市。
简议建筑电气防雷接地系统的设计要点
Authors: 辛 志超
Published: April 2017

建筑电气防雷接地对于整个建筑安全具有重要作用，因此为了保障提高建筑物的安全，必须做好建筑电气防雷接地设计。本文概述了建筑电气防雷接地，阐述了雷击的危害以及建筑电气的防雷措施，对建筑电气防雷接地系统设计的要点进行了探讨分析。
浅论园林小品工程的作用及其施工管理
Authors: 陆 美燕 , 金 燕子
Published: April 2017

园林小品工程体量小巧，若匠心独用能使园林表现出无穷的活力、个性与美感。因此，在实际的施工中，要充分利用各个空间，合适、合理地布置景观小品，使之与植物、建筑、水体等有机地结合起来，成为完整的景观。本文阐述了园林小品工程的类型、园林小品工程的作用以及园林小品工程的施工要求，对园林小品工程的施工技术及其施工管理进行了论述分析，旨在促进园林事业的健康发展。
浅谈园林绿化工程中的苗木种植施工技术与管理
Authors: 华 书萍 , 孙 杰
Published: April 2017

苗木种植管理是园林绿化工程的重要内容，园林绿化工程建设不仅是维持生态平衡、改善城市环境的有效措施，同时还是提升生活品质的有效方式。本文阐述了园林绿化工程中的苗木种植管理要求，对园林绿化工程中的苗木种植施工技术与种植管理进行了论述分析。
多跨连续张拉预应力箱形桥梁施工技术分析
Authors: 莫 文辉
Published: April 2017

社会经济的快速发展以及城镇化建设的不断推进，使得路桥基础设施的不断增多，多跨连续张拉预应力箱形桥梁具有操作简单以及可靠性能高等优点，在桥梁工程建设中被得到广泛应用。结合某桥梁工程项目施工，本文阐述了某桥梁工程项目的概况，对某桥梁工程项目施工的张拉预应力以及某桥梁混凝土预制箱形梁施工技术进行了探讨分析，以供参考。
探析电力企业人力资源中人才培养的对策
Authors: 何 珊
Published: April 2017

要改变当前电力企业人力资源管理面临的现状,必须牢固树立“以人为本”的思想,坚持“人才资源是电力企业第一资源”的思想观念。本文中阐述了在电力企业人力资源中培养人才对电力企业的推动作用，并探讨分析了电力企业人力资源中人才培养的策率，以供参考。
探讨公路工程沥青路面施工技术与质量控制策略
Authors: 唐 力
Published: April 2017

沥青路面施工是公路工程中不可或缺的重要组成部分，其施工技术和质量控制策略具有系统性和差异性。由于具体施工条件和施工材料的差异，沥青路面的施工效果和施工质量往往不尽相同。要提高沥青路面的施工质量，就要对施工的原料和技术手段进行全方位的管控，对于施工技术要求、方法、工艺加以规范。本文阐述了公路工程沥青路面施工技术和质量控制的意义，着重分析了沥青路面施工的关键技术和质量控制策略，对于提高公路工程的施工质量具有一定的现实意义。
基于城轨交通车站特殊客流运输工作组织措施的研究
Authors: 王 瑞瑛
Published: April 2017

城市轨道交通具有安全、便捷、舒适、准点、绿色等特征，当前已成为城市居民出行的主要交通工具。由于各种因素的影响，居民出行量日益增加，并且生活水平提高和快节奏的生活促使城市举办活动也越来越多，形成城市轨道交通特殊客流的时间不断增多。因此为了保障出行安全，城市轨道交通系统应采取更科学、合理的方法不断完善和提升大客流的组织措施，保证城市轨道交通的运营安全，保障城市居民的出行安全。本文概述了大客流，阐述了城轨交通车站特殊大客流的类别及其影响因素，对城轨交通车站特殊客流运输工作组织的措施进行了论述分析，以供参考。
铁道信号联锁设备的故障诊断
Authors: 杨 梦云
Published: April 2017

铁道信号联锁设备是指挥列车安全正点运行以提高铁路运输效率、保障铁道正常运输的重要设施。因此铁道信号联锁设备的故障诊断分析非常重要。基于此，本文阐述了铁道信号联锁设备应用的重要性以及铁道信号联锁设备故障的诊断方法，对铁道信号连锁设备故障诊断技术的应用及其发展进行了探讨分析。
浅议农村宅基地中的地籍调查与地籍测量
Authors: 赵 佳元
Published: April 2017

为了合理规划农村村庄布局，建立数字化农村，特进行地籍调查和地籍测绘。按照规程要求先控制后测量，先整体后局部，进行逐步的测量、检查，最终在图纸上确定村内的地物地貌及其相对位置，建立一系列的图、表和册。
关于环境噪声监测及其污染控制的探析
Authors: 祝 颖
Published: April 2017

环境噪声监测是指对于干扰人们正常工作、生活的声音散发源头进行的监测活动。环境噪声监测是三大监测项目（空气、水、噪音）之一，环境噪声监测是环保监测人士重点关注的数据指标。通过环境噪声监测，有助于对附近的环境做好一个科学、准确的评价论断，同时也是制定环境法规、实施环境决策的重要依据。本文分析了环境噪声污染的现状，对环境主要噪声的监测以及加强环境噪声污染的控制措施进行了探讨分析。
浅析电力企业实施物资超市化采购管理的意义
Authors: 欧 阳玲
Published: April 2017

随着近年来电力企业改革的不断深入，其原有的物资供应管理模式已不能适应新形式下物资管理的要求，物资供应公司作为电力企业的物资采购供应部门，主要承担物资专业化管理与供应服务工作，这就需要对物资供应进行理念创新、管理创新，结合电力企业的特点，全面推行物资集中采购和配送供应，整合和优化物流资源网络，同时加强供应商管理，做到适时、适质、适量、适价的提供生产运营所需物资，减少库存资金占用，提高企业经济效益。
The Synergies Influence of Clustering and Smart Specialization Strategy: Do They Really Stimulate Entrepreneurship and Regional Development?
Authors: Saha Nibedita , SÃ¡ha Petr
Published: April 2017

This paper reveals on the significance of clustering concept and smart specialization strategy as an effective tool that stimulates entrepreneurship and creates regional value. The worth of linking different firms, people, and knowledge at the regional level- are one of the ways of making regions, organizations and institutions more innovative and competitive. The mode of a classifying clustering impression to be the voice of smart specialization for developing strategic goals and criteria related to regional growth. Thus, the result of this study shows clustering in addition to smart specialization strategies are powerful instruments to foster industrial competitiveness, institutional innovation, and provincial growth due to their intrinsic competence. Both clusters and smart specialization are gaining its prominence in the EU's regional policy discourse, owing to its role in the new program period of the EU structural policy from 2014 to 2020. This paper suggested some recommendations based on the highlighted research assumptions that the added value of the regional knowledge development process will lead the regions and enterprises to achieve their competitive advantages through the transfer of specific individual knowledge to the collective knowledge, and vice versa..Â Keywords: Clustering, entrepreneurship, regional development, smart specialization strategy.Â Â
Determining the benefits of adventure tourism from a providers’ perspective in Fethiye
Authors: Yetim Ayşe Çelik
Published: April 2017

There has been a significant growth in adventure tourism globally in recent years including Turkey. Fethiye is a good example of this trend as the resort has great potential for adventure tourism. Adventure tourism helps holiday destinations to attract sustainable tourism management in comparison with the traditional sea, sun and sand form of tourism. The specific aim of this study is to reveal the benefits of adventure tourism for the adventure traveller and for the providing organization too. Questionnaire technique was used to gather data. The questionnaire was directed and employed towards the service providers. Data was collated between May and October 2014 and 161 questionnaires were completed via face to face survey methodology. Adventure travel/ traveller benefits were ascertained from enquiries appertaining to: experience, activity, environment and other miscellaneous factors. Findings of the survey identified that the greatest benefits of adventure tourism for the providing organisations were 'self actualization' and 'supporting  culture and environment' both of which, from statistical analysis, appeared to have a direct impact on increased business opportunity and growth market potential. As a result of this study, it is surmised that the provision of serving such destinations with adventure tourism should be of significant benefit to travellers and service providers alike.Keywords: Adventure tourism, benefits of adventure tourism, adventure-based leisure/recreation, service providers.
Multi-objective green supply chain network optimization
Authors: Ene Seval , Öztürk Nursel
Published: April 2017

In supply chain management, economical objectives have traditionally guided decisions of the supply chains. However, with increased global environmental and social concerns, in recent years, green aspects have been incorporated in supply chain decisions. These expansions lead to new research areas about green or sustainable supply chain management that includes applying various green practices in order to reduce negative impact on the environment or providing sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-objective optimization model for determining network design of the green supply chains. In multi-objective frame of the proposed model, total profit maximization and environmental impact minimization objectives are considered in order to obtain best network configuration for economic and environmental performance of the green chain. The proposed model is validated with numerical experiments. Obtained results showed that the model can be used as a strategic decision tool in problems with multi and conflicting objectives.  Keywords: Green supply chain management, multi-objective modelling, network optimization;
Managing return flow of end-of-life products for product recovery operations
Authors: Ene Seval , Öztürk Nursel
Published: April 2017

Increased consciousness on environment and sustainability, leads companies to apply environmentally friendly strategies such as product recovery and product return management. These strategies are generally applied in reverse logistics concept. Implementing reverse logistics successfully becomes complicated for companies due to uncertain parameters of the system like quantity, quality and timing of returns. A forecasting methodology is required to overcome these uncertainties and manage product returns. Accurate forecasting of product return flows provides insights to managers of reverse logistics. This paper proposes a forecasting model based on grey modelling for managing end-of-life productsâ€™ return flow. Grey models are capable for handling data sets characterized by uncertainty and small sized. The proposed model is applied to data set of a specific end-of-life product. Attained results show that the proposed forecasting model can be successfully used as a forecasting tool for product returns and a supportive guidance can be provided for future planning.Â Keywords: End-of-life products, grey modelling, product return flow, product recovery;Â
Detailed Analysis of The Laffer Effect at Turkish Social Security Administration Premium Revenue
Authors: Binay Murat , Binay Songül
Published: April 2017

This study is an attempt to analyse and deep the social security premium rate/load as a factor that influences the premium revenues for the Turkish Social Security Administration by using the Laffer curve logic and to identify relation and the premium load that maximizes premium revenues and assessing the revenue increase for the Administration. Turkish Social Security system separates the employees in three main groups: IndÄ±vÄ±duals working on service contract who are subject to SSK (Social Insurance Administration), Individuals working on their own names and accounts who are subject to Bag-Kur (Craftsmen And Artisans And Other Self-Employed Social Insurance Institution) and public employees or civil servants who are subject to ES (Retirement Fund General Directorate) before the social security reform. The previous studies; â€œModel Proposal for Investigating and Increasing the Social Security Administrationâ€™s Premium Collection Revenueâ€ analysed the relationship between the premium revenue and premium rate/load for all the employees, make a total analyse for premium rate and revenue and â€œThe Laffer Effect at Turkish Social Security Administrationâ€™s Premium Revenueâ€ analysed the most crowded group of the Turkish Social Security system SSK.In this study it will be focused on Bag-Kur and ES premium revenue. The monthly data for the period between January 2009 and December 2012 were used in this study.

Keywords: Premium Rate; Premium Revenue; Earnings Based On Premium; The Laffer Curve
Perception of Profound Knowledge in SMEs in Slovakia
Authors: Mala Denisa , Bencikova Dana , Minarova Martina
Published: April 2017

The system of profound knowledge is based on the principle that each organization is composed of a system of interrelated processes, and the people who make up the system’s components. The main objective of this paper is to introduce and clarify the known system of profound knowledge along with its four basic sections, and show, through the analysis of the business environment, that the implementation of this system in Slovak SMEs enables them to operate more effectively, as well as to achieve satisfaction of their employees and customers.  Based on the analysis of using the system of profound knowledge in Slovak SMEs, the authors want to demonstrate to what extent it is possible to apply it in Slovak SMEs in order to maximize the benefits and minimize the potential risks of the system, and suggest several options of its implementation
Strategy of Building Industrial Clusters in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Elexa Ä½uboÅ¡ , LesÃ¡kovÃ¡ Ä½ubica , Klement Ladislav , KlementovÃ¡ VladimÃ­ra
Published: April 2017

Positive influence of industrial clusters on regional development, employment, productivity and innovations is obvious, thus the development of new clusters is still actual topic. The article focuses on the identification of new clusters in Slovak regions and statistically determines the most perspective ones, as the potential of clusters in Slovakia has not been fulfilled yet and lags behind all neighbouring countries. Article uses national and regional employment data and quantifies the regional and industrial share of businesses on the total employment, both in Slovakia and in each industry sector. The methodology relies on static shift-share analysis in order to quantify the dynamic shift in employment over the middle-term period. From identified sectors only those, which recorded the most dynamic regional contribution towards the change in employment, are presented. Potential clusters in each region are compared with existing cluster network in order to find coincidence between the cluster possibilities and regional strategies.Â Keywords: Shift-share analysis, cluster, employment, region;
A Holistic Approach of Sustainability to Economics, Ethics, Environment, and Quality of Life Cycle Time of Production
Authors: Erdil Ayşenur , Tacgin Erturul
Published: April 2017

Consumerism is the particular relationship to consumption in which we seek to meet our emotional and social needs through purchasing. Overconsumption exists when households take far more resources than they need and then it is believed that, the world can beÂ  sustained and developed. The new presented paradigm is contrary Â and different then the dimensions of currentâ€™s sustainability. According to this issue, shortening lifecyle time of product is actually result of currentâ€™s paradigm within some assumptions, beliefs and values. This concept which relates the currentâ€™s sustainability is summarized as â€œIf goods, products do not wear out faster, factories will be idle, and people will be unemployedâ€. The new our presented sustainability is closely related to the concept of development which considers the requirements of the present by providing the ability of the future generations to meet basic needs of household. This holistic view breaks down barriers between sectors and disciplines. In this context, interconnection is the key point for sustainable development. Unlimited economy demands of Turkeyâ€™s production Â depends on the amount of householdsâ€™ consumption in their way of life that their generation seek spiritual satisfaction, ego satisfaction Â in consumption. Hyperconsumerism is caused by obsolescence results in increasing volumes and varieties of both solid and hazardous wastes requiring an effective waste management. As a result, the carbon footprint indicates all greenhouse gas emissions along the whole life-cycle. This is a paradigm not to sustain the world life and a paradigm shift is needed for really sustainable world and macro level sustainability of supply chain management systems. Consumers can contribute significantly to reduce the product carbon footprint.Â Environmental goods and services play a key role in the sustainable development process. The purpose of this study is to present an overview of currentâ€™s sustainabilty concept and a new paradigm of sustainability paradigm. In addition, this research aims to define an implementation about apparel sector in Turkey to detect errors Â that affect production in a textile business, to define and Â decrease the effects of negative factors and it involves which ranked according to their primary with FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) application and also this research provides to reduce the risks, achieves the results of application and gives the importance of CO2 emission for garment industry.FMEA, consumerism, sustainability, supply-change management system.
Foreign demand for European higher education systems
Authors: Rincon Virginia , Barrutia Jon
Published: April 2017

Adaptation to the European Higher Education Area has prompted European universities to concentrate on becoming more attractive to students, lecturers and researchers from different world regions. This paper analyses the places of origin of international university students in different European countries. The countries are shown in groups by their international studentsâ€™ places of origin. The groups of countries were formed by using a cluster analysis. The results indicate that it is possible to identify four groups of countries. The percentage of African and South American students is remarkable in the group of countries formed by France, Portugal and Spain. In contrast, the group of countries formed by Finland, Germany, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Ukraine, Greece and the Russian Federation is distinctive for a high percentage of Asian students. In the other two groups of countries, there is a considerable percentage of international European students. Keywords: global demand, university students, place of origin, European countries.
Improving learning by motivating students to read the news using ICT
Authors: De la Cruz Carmen de la Orden , Palomo Jesus , Figueroa-Domecq Cristina
Published: April 2017

This paper aims to analyze how reading news through ICT can motivate students to improve learning. In this study, almost 200 students in Finance and Marketing courses, participated in a three-month guided reading activity program. Motivation levels were evaluated both at the beginning and the end of the program through online surveys. In addition, traditional evaluation processes such as exams were tested to determine their effectiveness in motivating and engaging students or if using new technologies on their own were sufficient to motivate and to engage students in their learning processes.The results point to reading newspapers and ICT serving as tools to shape and enhance the learning environment. However, it is important to develop proper evaluation methods and user friendly ICT available on multiple devices in order for access barriers to be sufficiently lowered so that student will actually use them. 

Keywords: news, technology, information and communication technologies, educational innovation.
Analyzing the leverage effect in stock indexes with autoregressive generalized variance models
Authors: Karahanoglu Ilhami , Ercan Harun
Published: April 2017

In developing and developed economies understanding the movement of stock market is extremely important to understand the riskiness of the investment, general behavior of the economy and taking the right position against the forthcoming financial events. In this study, the volatility of Turkish, Brazilian, German, London and New York Stock Indices are analyzed with ARCH type of modeling and the leverage effect is researched for the period between 04.01.2011 to 26.05.2015. There are two interesting results of this study. Firstly; it was seen that in all of those stock markets there is a leverage effect which means the negative movement in volatility is stronger than the positive one. Secondly the general structure of the ARCH type of modeling which explains the leverage effect shows similarity between those developed and developing markets.

 

Keywords: GARCH, TGARCH, leverage, stock exchange.
Türkiye’de Hayat D??? Sigortac?l?k Sektöründe Kârl?l?k, Sermaye Yap?s? ve Yo?unla?ma ?li?kisine Yönelik Ampirik Bir Uygulama
Authors: Akel Veli , Torun Talip , Aksoy Barıs
Published: April 2017

Bu çal??man?n amac?, Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif karl?l??? ile firmaya özgü faktörler aras?ndaki ili?kiyi tespit ederek aktif kârl?l???n?n etkinlikten mi yoksa yo?unla?madan m? kaynakland???n? belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, Türk sigorta sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 36 hayat d??? sigorta ?irketi aras?nda 2015 y?l? verilerine göre pazar?n toplam %83.38’ini olu?turan 15 sigorta ?irketinin 2010-2015 dönemine ait mali verileri ile performans ili?kisine yönelik Period SUR panel veri analizi yap?lm??t?r. Analiz sonuçlar?na göre, aktif büyüklü?ü, likidite ve pazar pay? de?i?kenleri ile aktif karl?l??? aras?nda pozitif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?ken kald?raç, hasar/prim oran? ve firma ya?? de?i?kenleri aras?nda ise negatif ve istatistiki olarak anlaml? bir ili?ki tespit edilmi?tir.  Analiz dönemi boyunca Herfindahl–Hirschman Endeksi de?erleri 1.500’ün alt?nda oldu?u için Türkiye’de hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektörünün yo?un olmayan bir piyasa görünümünde oldu?u tespit edilmi?tir. Bu nedenle, hayat d??? sigortac?l?k sektöründe aktif kârl?l??? yo?unla?madan daha ziyade faaliyetlerdeki etkinlikten kaynaklanmaktad?r.
The Energy Rebound Effect for Construction Industry: Empirical Evidence from the China
Authors: Du Qiang , Li Yi , Bai Libiao
Published: April 2017

As the largest energy consumer and carbon emitter, China has made substantial efforts to improve energy efficiency for decrease energy consumption, while the energy rebound effect determines its effectiveness. The embodied energy consumption of construction projects accounted for nearly one-sixth of the total economy's energy consumption in China. This paper is based on the logical relationship among capital input, technological progress, economic growth, and energy consumption, adapting an alternative estimation model to estimate the energy rebound effect for the construction industry in China for the first time. Empirical results in our paper reveal that the energy rebound effect for the construction industry in China is about 59.5% for the period of 1990–2014. The results indicate that the energy rebound effect does exist in China’s construction industry and it presented a fluctuating declining trend. This implies that half of the energy savings by technological progress is achieved. In addition, China’s government should implement proper energy pricing reforms and energy taxes to promote the sustainable development of China’s construction industry.
Manifestation of Non Communicable Disease Risks among Overtly Undernourished Young (<30 Yrs) Rural Adults in India-Pune Rural Cohort
Authors: Rao Shobha
Published: April 2017

Rural population, where widespread under nutrition with obesity meagre is prevalent, is relatively less studied for prevalence of NCDs and the associated risk factors. Young rural adults (<30 yrs) (males 449 and females 267) were examined for anthropometry and blood pressure. Subjects were underweight (45.3±7.9 kg females; 56.4±9.1 kg males), short (153.0±5.5 cm females; 166.3±6.2 cm males) and thin (BMI 19.4±2.8 kg/m2 females; 20.3±2.9 kg/m2 males) as adults. The prevalence of overweight (BMI±25Kg/m2) was low (4.1% females; 6.5% males) while obesity was negligible but under nutrition (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) was evident (43.4% females; 29% males). Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) was significantly higher in males than in females (16.3% vs 6.4%; p<0.000) but was not true for dyslipidemia or high sugar. The prevalence of HTN and dyslipidemia increased significantly from lower tertile to higher tertile for all the indicators (BMI, waist-WC, waist-hip ratio-WHR, body fat-BF, abdominal circumference-AC), only among males. Moreover, the significant risk was observed at much lower level of BMI (>18.9 kg/m2) compared to conventional cut off (>23 kg/m2). Within the narrow range of BMI, central obesity increased with BMI, but was not responsible for high prevalence of HTN while short adult height (<166.1 cm) was, indicating early origins of HTN. These observations underscore the need for improving hypertension screening and treatment in primary health centres of rural areas as undernourished individuals exposed to nutritional transition are believed to experience much higher risk of hypertension compared to urban populations.
Effects of Dietary Intervention on Nutritional Status of Severely Undernourished Preschoolers from Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Nagargoje Kondiram M.
Published: April 2017

The effectiveness of nutrition intervention in severely undernourished preschool children at child development centers and during subsequent follow ups was studied. ICDS survey 2008, for under nutrition among preschoolers was conducted. Admitting severely undernourished children to Child Development Centres (CDCs) with their mothers / care takers for 2-3 weeks was undertaken. Correction of morbidities by using health protocol of WHO, training for preparation of supplementary foods from locally available raw materials and recipes, feeding of children and recording observations on nutritional improvements at CDC and subsequent follow ups upto 30 months was studied. All 14 tahasils of Ahmednagar district, India, 0-6 y preschoolers were included in this study. The application of health and nutrition protocol to severely undernourished children at CDC for 2-3 weeks and subsequent follow up showed marked improvements in their weight gain, IAP grades and SD classification parameters. A continued follow up for extended period is however essential to eliminate the under nutrition in these children.