bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations between Monetary Value of the Diet, DASH Diet Score and the Allostatic Load among Middle-Aged Urban Adults
Authors: Beydoun May A. , Nkodo Amelie , Fanelli-Kuczmarski Marie T. , Maldonado Ana I. , Beydoun Hind A. , Popkin Barry M. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B.
Published: October 2019

Lower cost can lead to poorer-quality diets, potentially worsening metabolic profiles. We explored these pathways among urban adults. Longitudinal data were extracted from 1224–1479 participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. DASH(mean) (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score was computed using four 24 h recalls (v1/v2: 2004–2013) linked with a national food price database to estimate monetary value of the diet [MVD(mean)]. Allostatic load (AL) was measured at visits 2 (v2) and 3 (v3) in 2009–2018. Mixed-effects regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted, linking MVD(mean)/DASH(mean) to AL [v2 and annual change(v3–v2)] and exploring mediating pathways between MVD(mean) and AL(v3) through DASH(mean), stratifying by sex, race and poverty status. MVD(mean) tertiles were linearly associated with contemporaneous DASH(mean), after energy adjustment. In mixed-effects regression models, DASH(mean) was consistently linked to lower AL(v2). DASH(mean) and MVD(mean) were positively associated with higher serum albumin(v2). In SEM, MVD(mean) was linked to AL(v3) through DASH(mean), mainly among Whites and specifically for the cholesterol and Waist-Hip-Ratio AL components. In summary, energy and other covariate-adjusted increase in MVD may have a sizeable impact on DASH which can reduce follow-up AL among urban White middle-aged adults. More studies are needed to replicate findings in comparable samples of urban adults.
Consumption of Korean Foods with High Flavonoid Contents Reduces the Likelihood of Having Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels: Data from the 2015–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Ham Dongwoo , Jun Shinyoung , Kang Minji , Paik Hee-Young , Joung Hyojee , Shin Sangah
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to investigate associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and Korean food (KF) consumption and flavonoid intake from the 2015–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 6025 men and 8184 women (≥19 years) who completed a 24-h dietary recall and health examination were analyzed. The individual KF consumption rate was defined as the proportion of KF of total food consumed and categorized into tertiles. Odds ratios (ORs) for elevated CRP levels (>3.0 mg/L) according to KF consumption rate and flavonoid intake/dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (<median; ≥median) were obtained by multiple logistic regression. KF consumption was inversely associated with CRP levels in women (p = 0.0236) and positively associated with flavonoid intake/dietary TAC in both sexes (p < 0.0001). Compared to women who consumed less than the median amount of flavonoid or TAC with KF consumption rates in the lowest tertile, those who consumed more flavonoid (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.42–0.83) or TAC (OR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41–0.82) in the highest tertile showed significantly lower ORs for elevated CRP levels. Thus, consuming KFs rich in flavonoid is effective for regulating CRP levels.
Development of a Stable Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pre-Fusion Protein Powder Suitable for a Core-Shell Implant with a Delayed Release in Mice: A Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Beugeling Max , Amssoms Katie , Cox Freek , De Clerck Ben , Van Gulck Ellen , Verwoerd Jeroen A. , Kraus Guenter , Roymans Dirk , Baert Lieven , Frijlink Henderik W. , Hinrichs Wouter L. J.
Published: October 2019

Currently, there is an increasing interest to apply pre-fusion (pre-F) protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as antigen for the development of a subunit vaccine. A pre-F-containing powder would increase the flexibility regarding the route of administration. For instance, a pre-F-containing powder could be incorporated into a single-injection system releasing a primer, and after a lag time, a booster. The most challenging aspect, obtaining the booster after a lag time, may be achieved by incorporating the powder into a core encapsulated by a nonporous poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell. We intended to develop a stable freeze-dried pre-F-containing powder. Furthermore, we investigated whether incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and whether this system would induce a delayed RSV virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response in mice. The developed pre-F-containing powder, consisting of pre-F in a matrix of inulin, HEPES, sodium chloride, and Tween 80, was stable during freeze-drying and storage for at least 28 days at 60 °C. Incorporation of this powder into the core-shell implant was feasible and the core-shell production process did not affect the stability of pre-F. An in vitro release study showed that pre-F was incompletely released from the core-shell implant after a lag time of 4 weeks. The incomplete release may be the result of pre-F instability within the core-shell implant during the lag time and requires further research. Mice subcutaneously immunized with a pre-F-containing core-shell implant showed a delayed RSV VNA response that corresponded with pre-F release from the core-shell implant after a lag time of approximately 4 weeks. Moreover, pre-F-containing core-shell implants were able to boost RSV VNA titers of primed mice after a lag time of 4 weeks. These findings could contribute to the development of a single-injection pre-F-based vaccine containing a primer and a booster.
A Fault Feature Extraction Method for the Fluid Pressure Signal of Hydraulic Pumps Based on Autogram
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Li Xianze , Zhu Yong
Published: October 2019

Center spring wear faults in hydraulic pumps can cause fluid pressure fluctuations at the outlet, and the fault feature information on fluctuations is often contaminated by different types of fluid flow interferences. Aiming to resolve the above problems, a fluid pressure signal method for hydraulic pumps based on Autogram was applied to extract the fault feature information. Firstly, maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform (MODWPT) was adopted to decompose the contaminated fault pressure signal of center spring wear. Secondly, based on the squared envelope of each node, three kinds of kurtosis of unbiased autocorrelation (AC) were computed in order to describe the fault feature information comprehensively. These are known as standard Autogram, upper Autogram and lower Autogram. Then a node corresponding to the biggest kurtosis value was selected as a data source for further spectrum analysis. Lastly, the data source was processed by threshold values, and then the fault could be diagnosed based on the fluid pressure signal.
Study on the Compatibility of Gas Adsorbents Used in a New Insulating Gas Mixture C4F7N/CO2
Authors: Huang Qingdan , Wang Yong , Liu Jing , Zhang Yaru , Zeng Lian
Published: October 2019

An environment-friendly insulating gas, perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N), has been developed recent years. Due to its relatively high liquefaction temperature (around −4.7 °C), buffer gases, such as CO2 and N2, are usually mixed with C4F7N to increase the pressure of the filled insulating medium. During these processes, the insulating gases may be contaminated with micro-water, and the mixture of H2O with C4F7N could produce HF under breakdown voltage condition, which is harmful to the gas insulated electricity transfer equipment. Therefore, removal of H2O and HF in situ from the gas insulated electricity transfer equipment is significant to its operation security. The adsorbents with the ability to remove H2O but without obvious C4F7N/CO2 adsorption capacity are essential to be used in this system. In this work, a series of industrial adsorbents and desiccants were tested for their compatibility with C4F7N/CO2. Pulse adsorption tests were conducted to evaluate the adsorption performance of these adsorbents and desiccants on C4F7N and CO2. The 5A molecular sieve showed high adsorption of C4F7N (22.82 mL/g) and CO2 (43.86 mL/g); F-03 did not show adsorption capacity with C4F7N, however, it adsorbed CO2 (26.2 mL/g) clearly. Some other HF adsorbents, including NaF, CaF2, MgF2, Al(OH)3, and some desiccants including CaCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4 were tested for their compatibility with C4F7N and CO2, and they showed negligible adsorption capacity on C4F7N and CO2. The results suggested that these adsorbents used in the gas insulated electricity transfer equipment filled with SF6 (mainly 5A and F-03 molecular sieves) are not suitable anymore. The results of this work suggest that it is a good strategy to use a mixture of desiccants and HF adsorbents as new adsorbents in the equipment filled with C4F7N/CO2.
Why Is There So Little Shia–Sunni Dialogue? Understanding the Deficit of Intra-Muslim Dialogue and Interreligious Peacemaking
Authors: Krause Dino , Svensson Isak , Larsson Göran
Published: October 2019

Despite a growth in fatalities resulting from organized violence with Shia–Sunni dimensions over the last two decades, in this study, we show, using existing data-bases on interreligious dialogue and peacemaking, that only less than two percent of the interreligious peacemaking organizations in the world are specialized in dialogue between Shias and Sunnis. Why is there so little institutionalized Shia–Sunni dialogue occurring when the need for such dialogue is evident? This study identifies and discusses this lack of institutional initiatives designed to prevent violence, manage conflicts and facilitate processes of intra-Muslim de-sectarianization. We discuss what we see as the three seemingly most obvious explanations—(1) the dismissal of the relevance of a Shia–Sunni cleavage, (2) the inappropriateness of the interreligious dialogue concept in the Muslim context, and (3) the substitution of institutional interreligious dialogue by other channels. Although we suggest that the third is the most potent explanation to pursue, we do not aim to provide a comprehensive explanation for the Shia–Sunni religious dialogue deficit. Instead, our aspiration is mainly to present and substantiate a puzzle that has not been identified or discussed in previous research. This can set an agenda for a reinvigorated research endeavor into the contemporary challenges for interreligious peacemaking.
A Highly Selective Biosensor Based on Peptide Directly Derived from the HarmOBP7 Aldehyde Binding Site
Authors: Wasilewski Tomasz , Szulczyński Bartosz , Wojciechowski Marek , Kamysz Wojciech , Gębicki Jacek
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the results of research on determining the optimal length of a peptide chain to effectively bind octanal molecules. Peptides that map the aldehyde binding site in HarmOBP7 were immobilized on piezoelectric transducers. Based on computational studies, four Odorant Binding Protein-derived Peptides (OBPPs) with different sequences were selected. Molecular modelling results of ligand docking with selected peptides were correlated with experimental results. The use of low-molecular synthetic peptides, instead of the whole protein, enabled the construction OBPPs-based biosensors. This work aims at developing a biomimetic piezoelectric OBPPs sensor for selective detection of octanal. Moreover, the research is concerned with the ligand binding affinity depending on different peptides’ chain lengths. The authors believe that the chain length can have a substantial influence on the type and effectiveness of peptide–ligand interaction. A confirmation of in silico investigation results is the correlation with the experimental results, which shows that the highest affinity to octanal is exhibited by the longest peptide (OBPP4 – KLLFDSLTDLKKKMSEC-NH2). We hypothesized that the binding of long chain aldehydes to the peptide, mimicking the binding site of HarmOBP7, induced a conformational change in the peptide deposited on a selected transducer. The constructed OBPP4-based biosensors were able to selectively bind octanal in the gas phase. It was also shown that the sensors were characterized by high selectivity with respect to octanal, as well as to acetaldehyde and benzaldehyde. The results indicate that the OBPP4 peptide, mimicking the binding domain in the Odorant Binding Protein, can provide new opportunities for the development of biomimicking materials in the field of odor biosensors.
Application-Based Production and Testing of a Core–Sheath Fiber Strain Sensor for Wearable Electronics: Feasibility Study of Using the Sensors in Measuring Tri-Axial Trunk Motion Angles
Authors: Rezaei Ahmad , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Gholami Mohsen , Menon Carlo
Published: October 2019

Wearable electronics are recognized as a vital tool for gathering in situ kinematic information of human body movements. In this paper, we describe the production of a core–sheath fiber strain sensor from readily available materials in a one-step dip-coating process, and demonstrate the development of a smart sleeveless shirt for measuring the kinematic angles of the trunk relative to the pelvis in complicated three-dimensional movements. The sensor’s piezoresistive properties and characteristics were studied with respect to the type of core material used. Sensor performance was optimized by straining above the intended working region to increase the consistency and accuracy of the piezoresistive sensor. The accuracy of the sensor when tracking random movements was tested using a rigorous 4-h random wave pattern to mimic what would be required for satisfactory use in prototype devices. By processing the raw signal with a machine learning algorithm, we were able to track a strain of random wave patterns to a normalized root mean square error of 1.6%, highlighting the consistency and reproducible behavior of the relatively simple sensor. Then, we evaluated the performance of these sensors in a prototype motion capture shirt, in a study with 12 participants performing a set of eight different types of uniaxial and multiaxial movements. A machine learning random forest regressor model estimated the trunk flexion, lateral bending, and rotation angles with errors of 4.26°, 3.53°, and 3.44° respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using smart textiles for capturing complicated movements and a solution for the real-time monitoring of daily activities.
Theory and Guidelines for the Application of the Geophysical Sensor EM38
Authors: Heil Kurt , Schmidhalter Urs
Published: October 2019

Characterization of spatial soil variability is key for a better understanding of soils. To arrive at such information geophysical techniques have been used in the last two decades. Due to its easy handling, the geophysical sensor EM38 has widely been used to characterize agricultural areas. The theoretical background and usage of the EM38 is described, and based on multifaceted applications, the interpretation of the results as well as optimized steps for using it are outlined. Common principles and models of the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and strengths and limitations of this technique (calibration and temperature effects) are described as well as additional applications, such as the magnetic susceptibility, a comparison of measurements in vertical and horizontal modes, the use of weighted depth information and the influence of measurement conditions are addressed. Further a comparison of EM38 with other proximal soil sensors and fusion with other devices is described. The study reveals that EM38 is useful because the readings can reflect many different soil parameters.
A Deep Look at Metal Additive Manufacturing Recycling and Use Tools for Sustainability Performance
Authors: Oros Daraban Ana , Negrea Catalin , Artimon Flavia , Angelescu Dorin , Popan Gheorghe , Gheorghe Silviu , Gheorghe Marian
Published: October 2019

The present study refers to 3D metal additive manufacturing (MAM) from an interdisciplinary perspective, providing an overview on sustainability, basic principles, and a conceptual framework on environmental performance, implicit constraints regarding materials, recycling and use/reuse tools for extended life cycle, regarded as the trendiest manufacturing processes in terms of material consumptions efficacy and energy efficiency. The demand for integrating MAM technology as a means to boosting sustainability in industry is based on its capacity to use smart or custom-designed materials to generate special geometries, unobtainable otherwise, allowing for further part optimisation or redesign. The outlined advantages and challenges of the new MAM processes and advanced technologies for functional objects and durable products underline the high interest in this area. Results from the literature and our MAM research interest indicate that some metal powder (MP) recycling and use/reuse technologies could be developed to save MP, as could MAM applications in component redesign and repairs to increase sustainability. The achievement has a high degree of generality and serves as a basis for future MAM sustainable methods.
Study of a Null-Flux Coil Electrodynamic Suspension Structure for Evacuated Tube Transportation
Authors: Guo Zhaoyu , Li Jie , Zhou Danfeng
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on the study of a null-flux coil electrodynamic suspension structure for evacuated tube transportation (ETT). A Maglev system in evacuated tubes is a promising concept for high speed transportation systems, and the design of levitation structure is a critical part among the subsystems. The whole system with functions of levitation, guidance, and propulsion is proposed in this paper, and the utilization of magnetic fields from both sides of magnets makes the system simple. The figure eight shaped null-flux coil suspension structure is adopted to provide a high levitation-drag ratio. The equivalent circuit model of the null-flux coil structure is established by employing the dynamic circuit theory. Based on the determination of the mutual inductance between the null-flux coil and the moving magnet, electromagnetic forces are calculated through an energy method. The validity of the dynamic circuit model is verified by comparing the calculation with the 3D finite element analysis (FEM) results, and the working principle of the null-flux coil structure is described. The effects of vehicle speed and the time constant of the coil on the electromagnetic forces are studied at the bottom level of force impulses in one coil and verified by FEM simulation. The characteristics of electrodynamic forces as functions of the magnet speed, the vertical displacements, and the lateral displacements are investigated based on the dynamic circuit theory, and the levitation-drag ratio is compared with that of plate type structure. The results show that the proposed structure is a promising option for application in ETT, and the following study will focus on the dynamic research of the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system.
Behavior of Floquet Topological Quantum States in Optically Driven Semiconductors
Authors: Lubatsch Andreas , Frank Regine
Published: October 2019

Spatially uniform optical excitations can induce Floquet topological band structures within insulators which can develop similar or equal characteristics as are known from three-dimensional topological insulators. We derive in this article theoretically the development of Floquet topological quantum states for electromagnetically driven semiconductor bulk matter and we present results for the lifetime of these states and their occupation in the non-equilibrium. The direct physical impact of the mathematical precision of the Floquet-Keldysh theory is evident when we solve the driven system of a generalized Hubbard model with our framework of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) in the non-equilibrium for a case of ZnO. The physical consequences of the topological non-equilibrium effects in our results for correlated systems are explained with their impact on optoelectronic applications.
Mycotoxin Occurrence in Maize Silage—A Neglected Risk for Bovine Gut Health?
Authors: Reisinger Nicole , Schürer-Waldheim Sonja , Mayer Elisabeth , Debevere Sandra , Antonissen Gunther , Sulyok Michael , Nagl Veronika
Published: October 2019

Forages are important components of dairy cattle rations but might harbor a plethora of mycotoxins. Ruminants are considered to be less susceptible to the adverse health effects of mycotoxins, mainly because the ruminal microflora degrades certain mycotoxins. Yet, impairment of the ruminal degradation capacity or high ruminal stability of toxins can entail that the intestinal epithelium is exposed to significant mycotoxin amounts. The aims of our study were to assess (i) the mycotoxin occurrence in maize silage and (ii) the cytotoxicity of relevant mycotoxins on bovine intestinal cells. In total, 158 maize silage samples were collected from European dairy cattle farms. LC-MS/MS-based analysis of 61 mycotoxins revealed the presence of emerging mycotoxins (e.g., emodin, culmorin, enniatin B1, enniatin B, and beauvericin) in more than 70% of samples. Among the regulated mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were most frequently detected (67.7%). Overall, 87% of maize silages contained more than five mycotoxins. Using an in vitro model with calf small intestinal epithelial cells B, the cytotoxicity of deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1 and enniatin B was evaluated (0–200 µM). Absolute IC50 values varied in dependence of employed assay and were 1.2–3.6 µM, 0.8–1.0 µM, 8.6–18.3 µM, and 4.0–6.7 µM for deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fumonisin B1, and enniatin B, respectively. Results highlight the potential relevance of mycotoxins for bovine gut health, a previously neglected target in ruminants.
Water and Sediment Budget of Casiquiare Channel Linking Orinoco and Amazon Catchments, Venezuela
Authors: Laraque Alain , Lopez Jose Luis , Yepez Santiago , Georgescu Paul
Published: October 2019

The Casiquiare River is a natural channel that connects two of the greatest rivers in the world, the Orinoco and the Amazon in the South American continent. The aim of this paper is to present a review and synthesis of the hydrological and sedimentological knowledge of the Casiquiare River, including the first hydro-sedimentary balance of the Casiquiare fluvial system conducted 9–12 September 2000 at the bifurcation and mouth during the expedition ‘Humboldt-Amazonia 2000’. Bathymetric flow discharge and physico-chemical measurements were made at the inlet and outlet of the Casiquiare Channel. The main conclusions of this study indicate that Casiquiare is taking a significant proportion of flow (20% to 30%) from the Upper Orinoco basin to the Amazon basin. Throughout its 356 km-course, this chameleon channel undergoes significant morphological, hydrological, and bio-geochemical variations between the inlet and outlet, whose most visible witnesses are the increase in its width (3 to 4 times), flow (7 to 9 times), and its change in water color (white to black water), under the influence of tributaries coming from vast forest plains.
Smallholder Farmers’ Adaptation to Drought: Identifying Effective Adaptive Strategies and Measures
Authors: Muthelo Dakalo , Owusu-Sekyere Enoch , Ogundeji Abiodun A
Published: October 2019

One of the biggest challenges for South African food security is recurring drought. It is a major concern due to insufficient knowledge and the low levels of resources or livelihood assets available to farmers in vulnerable situations, thereby limiting coping and adaptation choices. The objective of this paper was to identify the current adaptation and coping measures used by smallholder farmers, with a particular emphasis on farmers’ vulnerability to drought and the adaptive measures or strategies that are effective in the study area. In addition, we determined factors influencing their choice of adaptation strategies. In this way, the extent of farmers’ vulnerability and how this affects the choice of coping or adaptation strategies during drought were determined. The multinomial probit model (MPM) was used to examine the factors that influence farmers’ choice of coping/adaptation strategies in the study area. The results show that the respondents’ human capital vulnerability to drought was very high compared to their economic and social vulnerability. Influences such as age, gender, and marital status contributed to their human capital vulnerability. The majority of the respondents implemented water-use restrictions as a coping strategy during drought periods. There were several reasons for this, such as the resources available, the effective coping strategy for that specific location/area, and the socio-economic status of the respondents. The inadequate contribution by the government to drought risk reduction, the age of the respondents, the monthly income of each household, and the inequality of decision-making powers between male and female respondents were also found to contribute greatly to choosing an effective adaptation strategy. This study contributes to the ongoing investigation of the adaptation strategies and coping measures used by farmers vulnerable to drought in arid and semi-arid areas in Africa. This is done by identifying effective adaptation and coping measures within the farmers’ operational environment, unlike other studies that have only identified adaptation and coping strategies without examining their effectiveness in the given environment. Also, the inclusion of the human, social, economic, institutional, natural, and political forms of capital as determinants of the farmers’ choice of adaption and coping measures provides relevant insights for efficient and sustainable policy design.
Études morphologiques, optiques et radiocristallographiques du cinabre de synthèse
Authors: Auvray Patrick
Published: October 2019

La croissance des cristaux de cinabre par synthèse hydrothermale s'effectue suivant les formes prismatique {10[-1]0} et rhomboédriques {10[-1]2}, {20[-2]5}, {10[-1]3}. Le développement relatif des faces ainsi que la présence de macles ou d'inclusions dépendent des conditions de croissance. Par contre, le réseau de stries parallèles à la direction < 10[-1]0 > et tous les défauts liés au système d'attache du germe sont indépendants de ces conditions.

La qualité cristalline du matériau synthétique vérifiée par rayons X est bonne. L'activité optique d'une nucléation de structure connue a été mesurée, montrant qu'à l'inverse du quartz, un cinabre optiquement droit est structuralement composé d'hélices droites.
Ethological Observations at an Outdoor Gilts Keeping System
Authors: Alexy Márta , Nagy Géza , Gundel János
Published: October 2019

The authors examinated behaviour of twenty-eight, grouped-housed Hungarian large white x Hungarian landrasse gilts in grassland-based production system.The social rank was recorded on two days following, social rank was unaffected by even age or weight of gilts.The daily liferhythm was recorded on four different days in two weeks period. Within daily rhyhtm the following behaviours were recorded: eating, drinking, grazing, rooting, excretion and resting. On the first two observation days gilts were more active, in their daily activity two pitches were recorded.30% of the whole paddock was used specifically by pigs as resting and excretion area.
Goose Production Responses to Grass-Based Diets
Authors: Gyüre Péter , Nagy Géza , Mihók Sándor
Published: October 2019

A feeding trial with 4 week-old goslings was conducted in 2003 using different proportions of chopped grass and grain pellets in the diet. Proportions of chopped grass and grain pellets in diets for Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 25:75; 50:50; 75:25 and 0:100, respectively. Weekly and final live weights of geese and the feather quality were measured. Treatments with higher grain contents produced higher live weights, and better feather quality.
Study of a Turkey Population for Gene Preservation
Authors: Szőke Szilvia , Komlósi István , Korom Edit , Ispány Márton , Mihók Sándor
Published: October 2019

Genetic variability is very important in small populations. We examined an indigenous bronze turkey population which is bred for gene conservation in order to see if the current mating system maintains genetic variability. The present generation was surveyed using microsatellite markers and a computer model was used to simulate changes in the population over 100 generations.The data was analysed using the concept of entrophy from information theory instead of genetic variance so that we could more accurately measure genetic variability.The results indicate that the breeding method currently in use, rotational line mating, is acceptable with respect to preserving genetic variability, but new selection methods may provide additional protection against the loss of alleles.
Effect of the Cropping Year on the Quality of Winter Wheat
Authors: Sipos Péter , Győri Zoltán
Published: October 2019

We examined the formation of quality parameters of winter wheat in a small plot variety comparison experiment from four cropping years. Our aim was to estimate the year effect on several quality parameters of winter wheat.We established in relation to the distribution of precipitation of the examined years that the years 1997 and 2000 were behind the thirty year average typical precipitation of this site both in the case of the whole vegetation period and the spring and summer. It was unfavourable for qualitative wheat production. 1998 and 1999 were good for cropping considering the amount and distribution of rainfall.Examining the formation of quality parameters we found that the baking value was maximum in 1997, with a moderate amount of normal distributed rainfall for the examined varieties. The mid-late maturating varieties showed better baking value in drought years than in wet years. In the case of the wet gluten content, we established higher values after a rainier spring-summer period. There is a conspicuous difference between the falling number of extensive and intensive varieties and the year had significant effect on the formation of values. We established with correlation analysis that both the precipitation of vegetation period and the maturing rainfall had considerable effect on the value of falling number. Examining the effect of fertilization on the formation of wet gluten content as a quadratic equation, we found that precipitation may both increase and maximalize the value of this quality parameter.
Molecular Biological Approach of Crocus sativus L. and its Allies
Authors: Zubor Ákos , Surányi Gyula , Győri Zoltán , Borbély György , Prokisch József
Published: October 2019

The hay saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a sterile triploid plant, known in human culture only, with no fertile seeds produced. The origin of saffron is still a mist, however it is assumed to be an autopoliploid mutant or a hybrid. The recent classification and most of the former taxonomic publications define C. sativus to be derived from C. cartwrightianus, a wild species. Because of the sterility of hay saffron it seemed to be reasonable to apply molecular biological methods to complete classical taxonomic studies in examining its relations. The DNA polymorphism based AFLP method has confirmed the close relationship between these species.
Results of a Fertilization Experiment Performed with Sulphur on Rape Seed Plants
Authors: Zsombikné Puy Katalin , Borbély Jánosné , Győri Zoltán
Published: October 2019

The sulphur fertilizing experiment was introduced in the cropping year of 2001/2002, with winter rapeseed. The experiment was performed on a farm in Magyarhomorog, Hajdú-Bihar County. By selecting the location for the experiment, we had to consider the effect of the hard winter that was very unfavourable for rapeseed production, as there was serious frost damage on the sown area previously used for the experiment. In the arable land experiment, results of three different doses of treatment were compared in two replicates, on meadow soil. FitoHorm 32 S solution was used as a sulphur fertilizer, in doses of 3, 6 and 10 l/ha. Evaluating the results, we tried to find a correlation between the amount of fertilizer and the amount of seed-crop or the oil content of the seed. The nitrogen and sulphur contents of the samples were determined using classical methods and an Elementar VarioMax analyser. By this way, it was possible to examine not only the role of Sulphur in rapeseed production, but also to compare and evaluate results obtained by Kjeldahl and the modern, environmentally-friendly combustion method.
Development of a Decision Assisting Soil Information System in Agriculture
Authors: Dorka Dénes
Published: October 2019

Hungarian agriculture may be characterized by the industry-like, conventional farming of the past decades. This form of management concentrated exclusively on functions aimed at production. We have to decrease this disproportion, especially when joining to the EU, by reducing the intensive agricultural regions and adjusting to the goals of the 2000-2006 NAEP programmes, forming such an agricultural system which integrates the advantages of both environmental protection and complex agricultural systems based on rational foundations. Nevertheless it’s a rational decision to make the soil information system with an exact spatial informatics background as a foundation of agricultural system, because this promotes easy handling as well the connection to possible subsequent modules.
Internet Browsing Habits and Domain Choice Preferences of Economic Agricultural Engineers
Authors: Dövényi-Nagy Tamás
Published: October 2019

The findings below are based on a questionnaire survey carried out in order to establish an internet-based service at the Center of Agricultural Sciences of Debrecen University:• The typical target group of the service in the short run with a weekly average of 5.9 hours on the web is more active than that for average Hungarian, adult Internet users.• A professional webportal with a searchable database, primarily incorporating an archive of organized agricultural news, articles, publications, fits well into the internet habits of the target group, which mainly consists of keyword-based information searces and browsing of the latest news.• The group prefers a short, easily recognizable domain name that refers to agriculture. Accents and foreign sounding words are not taken into account during selection.• As result of the choice from 43 eligible domains, the order would be the following: agrarunio, agroland, farmvilag, infoagro, farmland.• The names of magyargazda.hu, agrotrend.hu, agromester.hu, agronomus.hu are acceptable from the individual ideas.
The concept of mentality and its relation
with the language
Authors: Бутешева А. Р.
Published: October 2019

Annotation: It is well-known that culture, social behavior and thinking cannot exist
without language. Being unique in social and national terms, as well as being a means
of human communication, the language bears in itself both the imprints of ethical and
cultural values, and the behavior norms of this language community. All aspects of life
are reflected in the vocabulary of the language.
Key words: mentality, mentality, stereotype, ethno linguistics.

Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются понятие менталитет и ментальность и непосредственная связь их с языком. Общеизвестно, что культура, поведение в обществе и мышление не могут существовать без языка. Будучи уникальным в общественном и национальном плане, а также являясь средством человеческого общения, язык несет в себе как отпечатки этических и культурных
ценностей, так и нормы поведения данного языкового сообщества. Все аспекты жизни отражаются в лексике языка. В связи с этим перед нами стояла цель – исследовать и выявить особенности понятия менталитет и в каком соотношении он находится с языком.

Ключевые слова: ментальность, менталитет, стереотип, этнолингвистика.

Аннотация: Бул макалада менталитет жана менталдуулук түшүнүгүү, алардын тил менен болгон түзмө-түз байланышы каралып чыккан. Белгилүү болгондой эле коомдогу жүрүм -түрүм жана ой жүгүртүү тилсиз болушу мүмкүн эмес. Улуттук жана коомдук планда уникалдуу болуп, адамдардын баарлашуусунун каражатты катары эсептелинип, тил этникалык жана маданий баалуулуктарын белгисин, ошондой эле берилген тилдик коомдун жүрүм-турумдун нормасын өзүнүнө камтыйт. Жашоонун баардык аспектери тилдин лексикасында чагылдырылат. Буга байланыштуу, биздин максатыбыз менталитет түшүшүгүн изилдөө, өзгөчүлүктөрүн чагылдыру жана тил менен кандай байланышта болгонун аныктоо болуп саналат.

Түйүндүү сөздөр:менталдуулук, менталитет, стереотип, этнолингвистика.
Planificación centrada en investigación y aprendizaje escolar
Authors: Burgos Briones José Galdino , Vélez Zambrano Gina Verónica , Pico Barreiro Leopoldo José
Published: October 2019

La investigación tuvo como propósito comprobar o desechar las siguientes hipótesis de estudio. El tipo de  investigación fue aplicativa, apoyada en  un diseño cuasi experimental, lo cual permitió comprobar o desechar las hipótesis de investigación. La prueba T de Student permite identificar variación significativa de ,160 en el grupo experimental en el momento postprueba, lo cual permite deducir que el programa aplicado resultó eficaz, aceptándose la hipótesis afirmativa y desechándose la alternativa. Al adoptarse el enfoque de planificación centrado en la investigación, se articula la posibilidad de construir comunidades de aprendizaje, sustentadas desde la investigación, promoviéndose la creativa e innovación como parte natural del aprendizaje, contribuyéndose en generar desde la educación básica, estudiantes basados en una ciudadana responsable para el abordaje de los problemas mediante la investigación.
Epistemología y su vigencia en el quehacer investigativo universitario
Authors: Álava Zambrano María Rosario , Quijije Moreira Pedro Vicente , Álava Zambrano José Rafael
Published: October 2019

El artículo de revisión tiene por esencia un análisis sobre la epistemología y su vigencia en el quehacer investigativo universitario, se conciben diversas concepciones que permiten el abordaje de la investigación en las universidades, posibilitando el encuentro del investigador con el objeto – sujeto – fenómeno investigado, en función del abordaje epistemológico – metodológico, el objeto concuerda con la concepción heredada, el sujeto con la reflexión libre, el fenómeno desde la introspección de Ricci, así se condicionan los procesos investigativos para configurar un accionar concomitante de reflexión  y de acción por parte del investigador. La epistemología se encuentra vigente como estructura coherente de los procesos investigativos en las universidades, sin embargo, se enfrenta al reto de redescubrir la esencia de lo que es investigar, porqué y paraqué se investiga en las universidades, cuales son las finalidades últimas que permiten ejecutar investigaciones con pertinencia al crecimiento integral de la sociedad.
Diversidad de los artrópodos fitófagos del cultivo de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum) en la Argentina
Authors:   , Rocca Margarita
Published: October 2019

El arándano, Vaccinium corymbosum, es un arbusto perenne originario del hemisferio Norte, donde constituye un cultivo importante y tradicional. En América del sur, se introdujo en Chile en la década del 80, y una década después en nuestro país. En la actualidad existen más de 4.700 ha con plantaciones de arándanos principalmente en Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos y Tucumán. En EEUU se conocen más de 300 especies de herbívoros en el cultivo de arándano, aunque sólo algunas causan pérdidas económicas. En Chile, la mayoría de las especies no se consideran plagas y en la Argentina la información sobre los artrópodos en el cultivo de arándano es escasa. En los sistemas agrícolas la diversidad de las comunidades locales puede explicarse a partir de la composición específica regional, por lo cual es importante estudiarla considerando distintas escalas espaciales (local, de paisaje, de región). La introducción del arándano significa un cambio en el ambiente, fundamentalmente en términos de recursos alimenticios, para las comunidades de herbívoros presentes en el ecosistema. Cuando un cultivo es introducido en una región son los insectos nativos, o los que forman parte del conjunto regional de especies, los que se adaptan a utilizar este nuevo recurso, y la mayoría de estos insectos son polífagos. La composición de las comunidades locales dependerá además del paisaje al cual pertenezcan. El objetivo principal de esta Tesis fue conocer la composición taxonómica y funcional de la comunidad de herbívoros de los cultivos de arándano de las provincias de Buenos Aires y Entre Ríos, interpretar los patrones encontrados, analizar las variaciones numéricas de las especies más frecuentes y/o abundantes e identificar sus enemigos naturales y la mortalidad que producen. La estructura de las comunidades de herbívoros se analizó en este estudio a través de tres enfoques: la diversidad de especies, la organización funcional y las interacciones entre las especies.
Ficciones en el aula: ¿escrituras que transforman?
Authors:   , Croci Codevila Cecilia
Published: October 2019

La presente investigación cualitativa pretende abordar las posibilidades del dispositivo taller de escritura de invención de promover experiencias de formación para los sujetos participantes de acuerdo al sentido que Jorge Larrosa da a esta concepción, que implica una transformación subjetiva de los estudiantes sin un objetivo predeterminado. Para indagar esto se realizó, desde una perspectiva etnográfica, una aproximación con dos grupos que participaron de talleres de escritura de invención en la asignatura Literatura en el último año de bachillerato de educación pública en Uruguay. El propósito de esta investigación es describir y analizar las vivencias que aparecen en los participantes de estos talleres en los que se producen prácticas de lectura y escritura a través de las cuales un docente y dos grupos de estudiantes establecen vínculos entre sí, con la enseñanza y la literatura. Se observó que en el dispositivo investigado se estimulan tanto la producción de textos como de miradas propias en la interpretación de escritos literarios ya existentes. Así, se da un espacio para el surgimiento de la voz de los estudiantes que posibilita que se sucedan experiencias de formación para la mayoría de ellos.
Los Cingulata (Mammalia, Xenarthra) del Mioceno temprano y medio de Patagonia (edades santacrucense y “friasense”)
Authors:   , González Laureano Raúl
Published: October 2019

El Orden Cingulata comprende los armadillos (con representantes actuales) y gliptodontes (extinctos), agrupados en las superfamilias Dasypodoidea (Peltephilidae y Dasypodidae) y Glyptodontoidea (Pampatheriidae, Palaeopeltidae y Glyptodontidae); su cuya sinapomorfía más conspicua es la presencia de osteodermos articulados que conforman una coraza dorsal. Los restos de cingulados, sobre todo dichos osteodermos de la coraza, son relativamente abundantes en los yacimientos mamalíferos sudamericanos desde el Paleoceno tardío a la actualidad. Dado que la caracterización e identificación de unidades fosilíferas del Cenozoico en Sudamérica depende en gran medida del hallazgo de faunas de mamíferos fósiles, que representan “estados evolutivos” sucesivos, y que para muchas de dichas unidades aún no se han realizado estudios geocronológicos detallados, los mamíferos han sido y continúan siendo de gran utilidad para establecer correlaciones bioestratigráficas. Por lo antedicho, y dado que los osteodermos de los cingulados poseen valor diagnóstico, si se logra una sistemática ajustada de los grupos, éstos se convierten en una adecuada herramienta bioestratigráfica, sobre todo para aquellas localidades que no cuentan con estudios estratigráficos o geocronológicos detallados. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de esta Tesis es estudiar los Cingulata (Dasypodoidea y Glyptodontoidea) desde el punto de vista sistemático, con el fin de discriminar la sucesión de taxones en el lapso Mioceno temprano a medio de la Patagonia central y austral. Más específicamente, comparar los Cingulata del Santacrucense (Formación Pinturas, Formación Santa Cruz y depósitos miocenos del Oeste de la Provincia de Santa Cruz) con los del “Friasense” (Formación Río Frías, Formación Collón Curá, depósitos miocenos del noroeste de la Provincia del Chubut y Formación Río Mayo).
Aprovechamiento de minerales de litio
Authors:   , Botto Irma Lía
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto estudiar dentro de los minerales de litio locales al espodumeno, por ser el que se halla en mayor proporción en nuestro suelo. El estudio se fundamenta en primer lugar en el hecho de que nuestro país debe importar los compuestos de litio que absorben las distintas industrias, y en segundo término se consideraron las perspectivas que ofrece la minería del litio, ya que por razones geológicas se prevee el hallazgo de nuevos depósitos de minerales litíferos, no obstante la importancia de los presentes. Antes de encarar el aprovechamiento del mineral elegido, desde un punto de vista tecnológico, y dada la falta de literatura específica, se vio en la necesidad de abordar el estudio de ciertos aspectos importantes del mineral, que posteriormente han de influir de manera significativa en el proceso de elaboración de los compuestos de litio. Se debe señalar que todos los métodos conocidos de obtención de sales de litio a partir del espodumeno, incluyen una calcinación. La misma se efectúa para transformar el mineral desde la forma I a la forma II, con lo cual, el elemento litio, al pasar a ocupar una posición intersticial en la red, se extrae con facilidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del trabajo comprendió varios aspectos, que se indican a continuación: 1) Estudio fisicoquímico de la transformación I → II del espodumeno. 2) Estudio cinético de la transformación I → II del espodumeno.
Estudio de la preparación de nitruro de silicio
Authors:   , Albano María Patricia
Published: October 2019

El objetivo de este estudio es contribuir a la preparación de Si3N4, mediante el estudio cinético del sistema Si-N2, en escala de laboratorio. Este estudio permitirá predecir aspectos vinculados al diseño de reactores para la producción de Si3N4 con fines industriales. Por ello se intentará llegar al conocimiento de los mecanismos y parámetros cinéticos de las reacciones de formación de las fases α y β del Si3N4 , partiendo de los reactivos Si y N2 en el rango de temperaturas de 1300°C a 1367°C. Se investigarán los mecanismos cinéticos que controlan dichas reacciones, calculándose para cada uno de ellos los valores de las constantes de velocidad, energías de activación y factores preexponenciaies. El conocimiento de los mecanismos y cinéticas de formación de las fases α -Si3N4 y β -Si3N4, permitirá predecir las condiciones operativas que favorecen el desarrollo de cada modificación. A través del control de estas reacciones será posible optimizar la microestructura del producto a fin de obtener buenas propiedades mecánicas en la confección de piezas.