bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analgesics from the history to contemporary times
Authors: Grigorevskikh Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Zung Fam Tkhi Khong , Lebedeva Svetlana Anatolievna , Sologova Susanna Sergeevna
Published: June 2021

Pain is an important signal of almost all pathological processes. At the same time, in the presence of painful sensations, a person tried to eliminate them to improve the quality of life. Therefore, at all times, painkillers are played a very important role in the pharmaceutical market. The search for new molecules with analgesic properties and the development of dosage forms for already acting drugs are still important tasks in the pharmaceutical environment. In this review, we tried to show development path of the search for a new painkillers.
Reflexiones sobre montículos, técnicas de procesamiento de alimentos y construcción de nichos
Authors: Bracco Boksar Roberto , Duarte Christopher , Gutiérrez Ofelia , Clara Mario , Panario Daniel
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo ensayamos una aproximación a los montículos de la región de India Muerta/Paso Barranca, sector sur de la cuenca de la Laguna Merín, Uruguay (5500 - 1000 años AP) a través de la relación entre las técnicas de procesamiento de alimentos y la Teoría de la Construcción de Nichos (TCN). Por una cuestión de escala temporal, de registro arqueológico y de enfoque epistemológico, no realizamos un planteo centrado en la evolución biológica; no obstante, exploramos cómo el concepto de poscosecha y la TCN nos ofrecen una aproximación alternativa y holística a los montículos. El primero nos induce a hacer foco en aspectos poco atendidos de las técnicas de subsistencia de los grupos prehistóricos: la relación entre los recursos explotados y las formas de procesarlos, que en nuestro caso podría ser una de las principales causas que produjo la elevación de los montículos. Por su parte, la TCN nos proporciona un marco teórico que faculta a abordar dicha relación y el singular proceso que desencadenó, desde una perspectiva diacrónica e integral donde se conjuga lo biológico, lo ecológico y lo cultural.
Relevamiento del patrimonio histórico rural mediante fotogrametría (SfM-MVS) en la región pampeana argentina. “Primera Estancia” de Magdalena (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: García Lerena María Soledad , López Luciano
Published: June 2021

En el marco del relevamiento del patrimonio histórico rural del partido de Magdalena, se presenta un modelo virtual 3D de una estructura habitacional utilizada como vivienda de los peones de una estancia ganadera generado por Structure from Motion MultiView Stereo (SfM-MVS). Dicha estructura se ubica en la región costera de la provincia de Buenos Aires, zona que cuenta con un importante patrimonio cultural y natural. El flujo de trabajo incluyó la adquisición y procesamiento de fotografías con el objetivo de generar un modelo 3D. Este modelo produce un resultado fotorrealista, sobre el que realizan una serie de visualizaciones y análisis; como el registro de patologías, la obtención de mediciones en gabinete y la generacion de un registro para evaluar el estado de conservación. Se pone en consideración la potencialidad de la técnica frente a la posibilidad de pérdida del patrimonio local. Las fortalezas de esta técnica radican en la reducción del tiempo de la toma de datos, el relevamiento in situ, no destructivo y de bajo costo. Permite obtener reconstrucciones con gran detalle y precisión, útiles para la investigación y la divulgación, lo cual contribuye a la salvaguarda y socialización de los bienes patrimoniales.
From the Sports Field to the Classroom
Authors: Levental Orr , Schroeder Hadas Brodie
Published: June 2021

National-level professional sports teams can profoundly influence teenagers involved in trials, selection, and participation. In this study, we examined the ability of a successful local soccer team to motivate high school students to improve their academic achievements and behavior. This research used interviews and focus groups with educators from two peripheral towns, one Arab and one Jewish. The texts were qualitatively open coded and constructed into major themes. We found that soccer teams with an educational and societal agenda and solid cooperation with the local schools would influence students to improve their academic achievements and behavior. Sports teams can play an essential role in conveying educational and societal values to teenage high school students.
Organizational Design of Secondary Aviation / Aerospace / Engineering Career Education Programs
Authors: Archer Susan Kelly , Esser David
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study was to identify and evaluate the underlying organizational factors of successful secondary aviation/aerospace/engineering career education programs, through application of measures traditionally associated with organizational theory. Analysis methods included factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and a review of study participants’ comments to identify emerging themes for triangulation with the statistical analysis results. Participants in the study comprised aviation/aerospace/engineering career education stakeholders. Hypothesis testing results suggested that the most important factor in predicting success for an aviation/aerospace/engineering program is personal motivation related to learning. Though other underlying factors, including leadership/collaborative environment, organizational accountability, and resource availability were clearly related to perceived program success, these relationships appeared to be indirect. The paired qualitative analysis of participant comments generated themes that transcended survey item topics. Personal motivation was the most commonly recurring theme in comments, supporting the hypothesis testing result indicating its predictive strength for an organization’s success.
THE ROLE OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY IN CONDUCTING YOUTH POLICY: EXPERIENCE OF POLITICAL INTERACTION
Authors: Гончарова Н. А. , Сурова Е. А.
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматриваются формы и модели взаимодействия государства и общественных объединений, получившие широкое распространение в мировой политической практике. Рассмотрены возрастные критерии, соотносимые с возрастом молодежи в практике различных государственных подходов; традиции взаимодействия с молодежью в европейских государствах и в Соединенных Штатах Америки; опыт решения проблем молодежи как социальной группы. Выявлены объекты, субъекты, цели молодежной политики с точки зрения разных подходов к осуществлению молодежной политики в Европе и в США. Раскрыты проблемы, встающие на пути субъектов молодежной политики в процессе ее разработки и реализации. В свете изложенных подходов к молодежной политике, политика Российской Федерации имеет ряд особенностей, одной из которых является понимание взаимосвязи духовно-нравственных и социально-экономических проблем.

The article examines the forms and models of interaction between the state and public associations, which are widespread in world political practice. The age criteria, correlated with the age of young people in the practice of various state approaches; traditions of interaction with youth in European states and in the United States of America; experience in solving problems of young people as a social group. The objects, subjects, goals of youth policy have been identified from the point of view of different approaches to the implementation of youth policy in Europe and the United States. The problems that stand in the way of the subjects of youth policy in the process of its development and implementation are revealed. In the light of the outlined approaches to youth policy, the policy of the Russian Federation has a number of features, one of which is the understanding of the relationship between spiritual, moral and socio- economic problems.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES IN THE FIELD OF INCREASINGTHE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF RUSSIAFOR A 10 YEAR PERIOD (FROM 2010 TO 2019)
Authors: Дзюба А. П.
Published: June 2021

Статья посвящена оценке результатов реализации мер по энергосбережению и повышению энергетической эффективности экономики России, производимых за период последнего десятилетия с 2010 по 2019 годы. Автором проводится эмпирический анализ данных потребления электрической энергии в России за период с 1990 по 2019 годы, с углубленным анализом характеристик изменения потребления электроэнергии с 2010 по 2019 годы, по отношению к уровню базового 2017 года. Автором проводится анализ фактических и плановых данных показателей электроемкости и энергоёмкости ВВП России за период с 2010 по 2019 годы, с выявлением значительного отставания фактических характеристик уровня эффективности от запланированных в рамках нормативных актов, утвержденных Правительством РФ. В материалах проводится анализ динамики и направлений фактического расхода электроэнергии и тепловой энергии на единицу отдельных видов произведенной продукции и услуг в России за период 2012-2019 годов. Проведен анализ доли затрат на конечное потребление энергетических ресурсов экономикой России в ВВП в текущих ценах за период 2012-2015 годов, а также распределение затрат на энергоресурсы по их видам и структуре основных потребителей.

The article is devoted to the assessment of the results of the implementation of measures to save energy and increase the energy efficiency of the Russian economy produced over the period of the last decade from 2010 to 2019. The author conducts an empirical analysis of data on electricity consumption in Russia for the period from 1990 to 2019, with an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of changes in electricity consumption from 2010 to 2019, in relation to the level of the base year 2017. The author analyzes the actual and planned data on the indicators of electrical intensity and energy intensity of Russia’s GDP for the period from 2010 to 2019, revealing a significant lag in the actual characteristics of the level of efficiency from those planned within the framework of regulations approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The materials analyze the dynamics and directions of the actual consumption of electricity and heat energy per unit of certain types of products and services produced in Russia for the period 2012-2019. The analysis of the share of costs for the final consumption of energy resources by the Russian economy in GDP in current prices for the period 2012-2015, as well as the distribution of costs for energy resources by their types and structure of main consumers.
NORTHERN MALI 2012: THE SHORT-LIVED TRIUMPH OF IRREDENTISM
Authors: Gaasholt Ole Martin
Published: June 2021

Strengthened by weapons from Libya, the rebellion beginning in Mali incJanuary 2012 finally gave a Tuareg-dominated irredentist movement control of Northern Mali in the fourth rebellion since independence. The Movement for the National Liberation (MNLA) called this area Azawad, proclaiming it as independent. Although it was to be a multiethnic country, the MNLA remained dominated by the Tuareg. Discontent among Malian officers during the fight against the rebels produced a coup d'état, undermining the military command structure, which greatly contributed to the rebels' success. An unavowed alliance existed with AQIM (Al-Qaida of the Islamic Maghreb) and the Tuareg Islamist group Ansar Dine. The latter and the AQIM-offshoot, MUJAO (the Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa), eventually drove the MNLA from Northern Mali. Increasingly, the Islamists imposed an extreme version of sharia, adding to the mass flight of refugees. Negotiations between the interim Malian government, the MNLA and the Ansar Dine still continued until the latter and AQIM moved towards Southern Mali. The perceived threat made the Malian government request French assistance. The intervention gradually drove the Islamists from the country, enabling the restoration of the state in Northern Mali. The conflict reveals underlying features of the political situation in Northern Mali, and highlights how the Tuareg and NorthernMalians have responded to the state's shortcomings through rebellion. Access to the state passes through privileged individuals. Rebels have been drawn closer to the state after conflicts, with only some benefitting from this arrangement. This is mirrored at a local level, with public figures and their followers enjoying the closest relation to the state. Producing widespread discontent, this situation is marked by insecurity because of a weak state presence. Misgivings have fed into new rebellions. Weak state control also allowed the AQIM to engage in hostage taking and for smuggling to expand. This volatile situation produced the latest rebellion. An improved connection to the state for Northern Mali and a strong state presence are necessary to counteract the factors responsible for repeated conflict.
POPULAR POWER, CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY AND CRISIS: SOUTH AFRICA 1994-2014
Authors: Suttner Raymond
Published: June 2021

The establishment of representative democracy in South Africa was an important victory for people who had been suppressed from the first days of white conquest and who had experienced the seizure of land of African and other indigenous people. With some still cherishing ideas of popular democracy as experienced in the 1980s, electoralism may not have met every person's expectations. But in the context of the history of South Africa with its multiple forms of oppression and exploitation, the vote represented an important advance. It created the possibility of engaging with issues that had not previously been on the agenda. The transition took place within a framework establishing a constitutional democracy, where all organs of government would be bound to act in conformity with the constitution. Regrettably, constitutionalism is currently in crisis and extensive lawlessness undermines democratic gains. The article argues for the formation of a united, non-sectarian organisation behind broadly agreed goals, including defence of the constitution, clean government, and an end to violence.
GLOBAL COLONIALITY AND THE CHALLENGES OF CREATING AFRICAN FUTURES
Authors: Ndlovu-Gatsheni Sabelo J
Published: June 2021

Can Africans create African futures within a modern world system structured by global coloniality? Global coloniality is a modern global power structure that has been in place since the dawn of Euro-North American-centric modernity. This modernity is genealogically and figuratively traceable to 1492 when Christopher Columbus claimed to have discovered a 'New World'. It commenced with enslavement of black people and culminated in global coloniality. Today global coloniality operates as an invisible power matrix that is shaping and sustaining asymmetrical power relations between the Global North and the Global South. Even the current global power transformations which have enabled the re-emergence of a Sinocentric economic power and deWesternisation processes including the rise of South-South power blocs such as BRICS, do not mean that the modern world system has now undergone genuine decolonisation and deimperialisation to the extent of being amenable to the creation of other futures. Global coloniality continues to frustrate decolonial initiatives aimed at creating postcolonial futures free from coloniality. The article posits that global coloniality remains one of the most important modern power structures that constrain and limit African agency. To support this proposition, the article delves deeper into an analysis of the architecture and configuration of current asymmetrical global power structures; unmasks imperial/colonial reason embedded in Euro-North American-centric epistemology as well as the problem of Eurocentrism; and unpacks the Cartesian notions of being and its relegation of African subjectivity to a perpetualstate of becoming. Within this context, Africans have emerged as fighting subjects for a new world order that is decolonised, deimperialised, open to the emergence of new humanism and African futures.
RE-CONCEPTUALISING LEADERSHIP FOR EFFECTIVE PEACEMAKING AND HUMAN SECURITY IN AFRICA
Authors: Olonisakin 'Funmi
Published: June 2021

This article explores the meaning of peace and human security from theperspective of the individual — the presumed referent point of security— and examines responses to armed conflict, a leading source of insecurity for African peoples. It identifies inherent flaws in approaches to conflict in Africa and looks to a different field — that of leadership — for a more effective formula for peacemaking. In the absence of a framework that can effectively end the cycle of conflict relapse in Africa,the paper argues that an alternative framing of leadership is needed; and that alternative leadership approaches to dealing with conflict andinsecurity offer a chance for stable peace and human security. It suggests that an expanded perspective on leadership provides a basis for exploring interventions that can potentially alter peacemaking discourses as well as the terrain in which peacemaking takes place. The article therefore asks what a focus on the individual as the referent point of security means if and when viewed from the perspective of a collection of individuals. In this regard, it presents emerging perspectives from a study of young Africans on leadership programmes in a classroom setting and attempts to extrapolate them to wider societal settings. It then explores how a different perspective of leadership might serve as a facilitator of peace and human security in Africa, drawing examples from past and on-going situations of armed conflict in Africa.
THE SANDF AS A HUMAN SECURITY INSTRUMENT POST-1994
Authors: Mongwaketse Thuso Benton
Published: June 2021

South Africa adopted a human security orientation at the start of its democratic epoch in 1994, but its operationalisation by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) proved difficult to implement. Human security is an approach to security which prioritises the protection of the people over security of the state. One of its central tenets is that security is best achieved through development as opposed to arms. Against this backdrop, the principal objective of this article is to critically analyse and understand South Africa's official human security orientation. Two indicators, the functions performed by the SANDF as well as South Africa's strategic defence posture, were assessed to achieve the objective. The securitisation model associated with Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver was used as a theoretical framework to understand South Africa's official conception and utilisation of human security. It was found that the SANDF's operational functioning was compromised by having to perform its primary responsibilities along with secondary developmental tasks demanded by the broad mandate of human security. Furthermore, while South Africa lexically took human security and state security to be equally important, in practice the SANDF tended to prioritise state security ahead of human security both at home and abroad. Some analysts detected lack of strategic coherence in South Africa's security engagements in Africa while ignoring extensive efforts of the SANDF to bring peace, and not destabilisation, on the continent as part of the strategic defence posture. Ultimately, this article argues that the competency with which the SANDF ensures Strategic Review for Southern Africa, Vol 38, No 2 Thuso Benton Mongwaketse  29 state security must be cascaded down to the human level by taking up more secondary functions with some provisos. Alignment of defence policy and adequate resources as well as the involvement of the people will be indispensable towards realisation of true human security.
THOUGHTS ON XENOPHOBIA, DISRUPTIVE NATION AND "MAN ON GROUND"
Authors: Chasi Colin
Published: June 2021

Stories of Africans displaced by war taking high risks to get to an often inhospitable Western Europe are frequently in the news. But subSaharan Africa is the region which hosts the largest population of refugees in the world. Refugees who flee to sub Saharan African countries are also frequently subjected to xenophobic exclusion and violence by people who sometimes claim to be defending rights and privileges associated with national belonging. My aims are to point out new avenues for novel insights into the interrelations between xenophobia, disruption and nation by giving attractive detail and depth to the discussion using Director Akin Omotoso's Man on Ground (2011); putting forward arguments against xenophobic stereotypes and violence; pointing out some pitfalls of nation-building; and by finding and imagining human ground amidst disruptive nationhood. What is offered is a new synthesis of philosophical insights that defies distinctions between African and Western philosophy. Going beyond nativism and xenophobia, this synthesis speaks of the need and possibility to craft common human ground that enables people to become the most they can be.
Liebenberg, Ian, Jorge Risquet and Vladimir Shubin (eds), A Far-away War: Angola, 1975-1989. Stellenbosch: Sun Press 2015, 207 pp.
Authors: Mutton Jan F
Published: June 2021

This publication, which consists of an Introduction and eight chapters by different authors, appeared at the time of the 40th anniversary of the entry of South Africa into the Angolan war. It is short but packed with useful information and well-documented with photos, geographical and combat maps, an extensive bibliography of 35 pages, political cartoons and posters,historical surveys and statistics. Edited by the South African Ian Liebenberg (Director of the Centre for Military Studies at the Military Academy in Stellenbosch), the Cuban Jorge Risquet (who participated in the 1988 Angolan peace talks), and the Russian Vladimir Shubin (former Deputy Director of the Institute for African Studies at the Russian Academy of Science), A Far-Away War sheds new light on this prolonged conflict, focusing on the involvement of South-Africa, Cuba, Russia and East-Germany.In doing so, it opens new perspectives and widens the understanding of the struggle for liberation in Southern Africa, not only for the average history and politics reader but also, as a very useful reference book, for the more advanced researcher and academic.
TOWARDS MEASURING SOCIAL COHESION IN SOUTH AFRICA: LESSONS FOR NATION BRANDING DEVELOPERS
Authors: Njozela Lindokuhle , Shaw Ingrid , Burns Justine
Published: June 2021

This article uses data collected across the four Waves of the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) to construct a measure of social cohesion for South Africa. We compare our index to one derived using the Afrobarometer data and find a large degree of consistency in trends in the index and its constituent components over time across the two datasets. However, there is less consistency in the measures once one moves to lower levels of geographic disaggregation. We also find far less variability in the constructed index relying on NIDS panel data as opposed to the repeated cross-sections from Afrobarometer. Having derived the index, we then correlate it with a variety of indicators of social and economic well-being. We show that higher levels of education, per capita income and employment are positively associated with higher social cohesion whilst social cohesion is negatively associated with poverty, service delivery protest and perceptions of crime. In addition, municipal policy and competence are closely associated with higher social cohesion. Whilst this work is exploratory, it is encouraging, and suggests new opportunities for future research to begin to take the link between social cohesion and economic and social development seriously.
THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF RHODES MUST FALL: STUDENT ACTIVISM AND THE EXPERIENCE OF ALIENATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN
Authors: Nyamnjoh Anye
Published: June 2021

Social movements often face the danger of becoming the very thing they are fighting against. This tension is evident within the student movement, Rhodes Must Fall, at the University of Cape Town. This dialectic is explored through the notion of 'alienation' as a concept of social philosophy. I argue that while the movement emerges from the experience of alienation, certain behaviours internal to the movement can also proceed to cause alienation. The lesson to be learnt from this contradiction is that we are all simultaneously oppressors and oppressed. From this emerges a positive understanding of alienation, as the experience of alienation is not only a negative one. One such positive lesson in this case is the alteration of our understandings of ourselves and others toward an all-inclusive liberation agenda. Failure to heed this could see the transformation potential of such movements like Rhodes Must Fall hijacked by hypocrisy.
SOUTH AFRICA’S ENDURING COLONIAL NATURE AND UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Rossouw Johann
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the question of South African decolonisation with particular reference to the Afrikaners as both the colonised and the coloniser. It is argued that Afrikaners winning state power in 1948 became something of an ironicblueprint for African post-colonial countries — nominally independent and free, but in reality still colonies. The enduring colonial characteristics of South Africa are briefly discussed, and how Afrikaner- and African nationalists in power turnedout to be variations of a post-colonial pattern. Language is discussed as a focal point of this pattern since 1948, also with regards to the 2015 student revolts at South African universities. In conclusion some proposals are offered about whatdecolonisation should be, and what universities can contribute to it.
Violence, Insecurity and Marginality in Pastoralist Spaces: The Horn of Africa and the Sahel Regions
Authors: Alemu Muauz
Published: June 2021

The pastoral world is defined by the prevalence of war, various forms of insecurity and lack of development, which constitutes violence in all its forms: direct war violence, structural violence (emanating from economic alienation and marginalisation, political repression, poverty, destitution and climatic vulnerability) and cultural violence (bias towards and the securitisation of pastoralist economic and social system). In effect, in human security parlance, the violation of freedom from fear and freedom from want is prevalent that it appears inherent to the nature of the pastoral way of being. The pastoral way of life is considered as an ephemeral state of encroachment of modern nation-state institutions. Therefore, pastoralist-state relations have always been strained. Their precarious existence on the fringe of every state they form part of is consequently considered as normalcy for pastoralists until their livelihood, socio-economic and political system is transformed into the dominant socio-economic and political systems the states are built on. The pastorialist conception of their livelihood and the entirety of their view of 'good life' is denigrated and their voice silenced. By reflecting on the book entitledS in the Horn of Africa and the Sahel by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, this review article examines violence in pastoral society.
Information Infrastructures: the Conduit Power of ICTs in Africa
Authors: Ayodele Odilile
Published: June 2021

In this article, I make a case for considering Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructures outside the narrow prism of ICT for development (ICT4D), but rather as an alternate mechanism to exercise political power in Africa. I refer to ‘infrastructures’ rather than ‘infrastructure’ because the former has a broader definition. Infrastructures may be material, informational or structural. Infrastructure relates to the physical and organisational structure and facilities a society or an organisation needs to function, such as roads, electricity and communication systems. Owing to the inability to overcome weaknesses in state capacity, the expression of power in the global South often differs from the global North. ICT infrastructure is transnational with power oscillating between state and non-state actors but offers African countries a surrogate system of administration for individual territories. I draw on the concept of infrastructural power to describe how a state may harness ICT infrastructure, or information infrastructures, to increase its influence within its territory and extraterritorially.
Bridget, Conley. Memory from the Margins: Ethiopia’s Red Terror Martyrs Memorial Museum, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, pp 255.
Authors: Tsehaye Gebrewahd Meressa
Published: June 2021

This book consists of six chapters. The first chapter deals with the essence of “Memory from the Margins”. The second chapter discussed the ‘Ethiopian revolution and the Dergue Regime’s red terror (1974-1978)”. The third and fourth chapters also discuss post-Dergue “Transitional influences (1991-2005)” and “the shape of memory (2003-2010)”. The fifth chapter covers the “Tour as traumatic performance, 2010 to present)” and the last chapter concludes “on the memory and future transitions”. First, I would like to appreciate the author for presenting us her book about one of the key chapters in modern Ethiopian political history: the history of Red Terror and its legacy on memory, history and quest for democracy, torture, trauma, survivor docent/victims, reconciliation, museum and transitional justice as well as the ideals “reform and revolution”. This book is timely and detailed in terms of discovering the Red Terror atrocities and survivors’ trauma and capturing similar experiences in other parts of the world.
Governance and Urban Service Delivery in Zimbabwe
Authors: Marumahoko Sylvester , Afolab Olugbemiga Samuel , Sadie Yolanda , Nhede Norman T
Published: June 2021

It is contended that service delivery is the core function of developmental local government. The provision of services such as waste management, water and health services is closely associated with the well-being of urban dwellers. In the period leading to the adoption of Zimbabwe’s 2013 Constitution, many people supported the devolution of services and functions to local government. It was a major victory when local government was elevated and given constitutional protection. There was great expectation that service delivery would improve in the cities, towns and smaller urban centres. Seven years later, that expectation appears not to have been realised. Instead, indications are that urban service delivery is experiencing a downward spiral. Using open-ended questionnaires, closed-ended questionnaires and the focus group discussions research methods, the article investigates the drivers of inadequate service provision in four urban areas in Zimbabwe. The paper also proffers suggestions for improving service delivery. The results of the study underscore that the causes of insufficient service provision are multi-pronged and not necessarily limited to inefficiency and ineffectiveness on the part of urban councils. In fact, a major recurring finding is that national government policies are big factors contributing towards the decline of urban service delivery.
¿Qué tan cierto es que la elaboración de la Constitución “partirá de cero”?
Authors: Ramírez Christian
Published: June 2021

El proceso constituyente chileno, inédito en nuestra historia y cultura política, ha ofrecido múltiples insumos de análisis para los cercanos a las disciplinas políticas, desde constitucionalistas, filósofos, cientistas políticos, sociólogos, entre otros. Cada una de estas disciplinas entregará preguntas, problemas, respuestas e interpretaciones diversas frente a tópicos más bien transdisciplinares.La idea de la “hoja en blanco” es uno de los temas centrales del debate entre partidos políticos -que tuvo como fruto el “Acuerdo nacional por la paz y la nueva Constitución” de noviembre de 2019- y como tal no se sustrae de lo anterior.Frente a la cuestión de si resultaría veraz la aseveración de que la Constitución chilena -acaso cualquier proceso de renovación constitucional- puede partir “desde cero” con una “hoja en blanco” mi postura desde la filosofía política es que, primeramente, “hoja en blanco” y “partir de cero” son conceptos con significados distintos y -en segundo término- la idea de “hoja en blanco” tiene un sentido práctico bastante restringido. Por lo anterior, la discusión constitucional y la confección misma de la carta fundamental no sólo no partirán de cero tanto en sentido de ideas y sentido práctico, sino que es imposible que así lo hiciera.
Tromboprofilaxis en paciente hospitalizado por Sars-Cov-2
Authors: Cotrina-Pereyra Rosa , Sisniegas-Vergara César
Published: June 2021

Introducción: Los pacientes infectados por el virus SARS-CoV2 son hospitalizados por neumonía e insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. En ellos aparecen hipercoagulabilidad, micro y macro trombosis. El severo incremento del dímero D ha llevado al uso de tromboprofilaxis con dosis mayores a la estándar con resultados controversiales. El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de orientar al médico en una tromboprofilaxis racional para reducir las complicaciones trombóticas y evitar las hemorragias asociadas a la anticoagulación y a la enfermedad de fondo. Se esperan los resultados de los ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados para el manejo óptimo del estado hipercoagulable.
Serie de Redacción Científica: Revisiones Sistemáticas
Authors: Quispe Antonio M. , Hinojosa-Ticona Yessica , Miranda Herbert A. , Sedano Claudia A.
Published: June 2021

Introducción: La revisión sistemática es la evaluación comprehensiva, reproducible, crítica y explícita de la mejor evidencia disponible en respuesta a una pregunta de investigación específica. Para conseguir ello las revisiones sistemáticas deben cubrir como mínimo los siguientes siete pasos: i) una pregunta de investigación específica y estructurada usando la técnica PICO; ii) criterios de elegibilidad de las evidencias; iii) una estrategia de búsqueda clara y reproducible; iv) selección de las evidencias y extracción de datos; v) análisis de sesgos; vi) síntesis de resultados; y, vii) publicación. Si los datos son suficientes y homogéneos es factible incluir en las síntesis de resultados el metanálisis de los mismos. De esta manera las revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis pueden generar conocimiento nuevo y fundamental para la toma de decisiones en el área clínica y en otras áreas
Úlcera Tropical
Authors: Meregildo-Rodriguez Edinson Dante
Published: June 2021

Galeria Fotográfica (sin resumen)
INFORMALIDAD DE LA ATENCIÓN ODONTOLÓGICA, EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA PANDEMIA POR COVID-19
Authors: CHAMAN-ESPINOZA STEFANY , TIPISMANA-HERNÁNDEZ CARMENMARÍA HAYDEÉ
Published: June 2021

Desde que se reportaron los primeros casos de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en diciembre del 2019 en China, hasta su propagación en varios países, ha habido un sinnúmero de infectados como de lamentables decesos, en consecuencia, los países tomaron medidas para mitigar los contagios, pero a pesar de ello la incidencia de cifras de contagios siguen aumentando en diversos países del mundo, por consiguiente, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró al COVID-19 como pandemia (1). En el Perú se reportó el primer caso de COVID-19 el 05 de marzo del 2020, declarándose en emergencia sanitaria el 11 de marzo del mismo año, inmediatamente el gobierno peruano informó a la comunidad las medidas preventivas respectivas para reducir los contagios. Por tal situación, el país se ha visto envuelto en una ola de desempleos en todos los sectores económicos, como consecuencia miles de odontólogos dejaron de laborar en sus clínicas o consultorios privados; por qué, el trabajo en la cavidad oral conlleva un alto riesgo de contagio (2). Con la promulgación de la Directiva Sanitaria N° 100-MINSA/2020/DGIESP, autorizó el reinicio de las labores en los consultorios odontológicos, bajo cumplimiento del protocolo de bioseguridad establecido en dicha directiva. Así mismo, el Colegio Odontológico del Perú, publicó su protocolo oficial de bioseguridad para que el gremio odontológico lo realice eficientemente.
Alzheimer's Disease: A Survey
Authors: Harshitha  , Chamarajan Gowthami , Y Charishma
Published: June 2021

Alzheimer's Diseases (AD) is one of the type of dementia. This is one of the harmful disease which can lead to death and yet there is no treatment. There is no current technique which is 100% accurate for the treatment of this disease. In recent years, Neuroimaging combined with machine learning techniques have been used for detection of Alzheimer's disease. Based on our survey we came across many methods like Convolution Neural Network (CNN) where in each brain area is been split into small three dimensional patches which acts as input samples for CNN. The other method used was Deep Neural Networks (DNN) where the brain MRI images are segmented to extract the brain chambers and then features are extracted from the segmented area. There are many such methods which can be used for detection of Alzheimer’s Disease.
El mundo de la cibercultura y la pedagogía en la educación socioafectiva
Authors: Ortiz Luz Marilyn , Ramírez Astrid , Arboleda Julio Cesar
Published: June 2021

El propósito de esta comunicación es reflexionar de manera crítica y generativa en la necesidad de asumir y optimizar los saberes tanto de estudiantes como de profesores en el contexto cibercultural actual,   los   cuales   conducen a responder asertivamente a las múltiples exigencias de cara a la educación concentrada en los mass-media en contexto de pandemia.

El contexto de pandemia que estamos viviendo en la actualidad no solamente está transformando las relaciones humanas y afectivas sino un pilar tan importante como es la educación, lo que implica la búsqueda y generación de respuestas a tan inesperado hecho. Por ello, en esta comunicación se contemplan algunas reflexiones desde los procesos de pensamiento cognitivo y complejo, así como desde la perspectiva comprensivo edificadora de la pedagogía, con lo que se establece propositivamente el mecanismo y estrategias pedagógicas que vayan más allá de lo presencial con el propósito de atravesar estas imposiciones mediáticas para generar otros medios de construcción, de deconstrucción y de alcances educativos y emocionales frente a los nuevos espacios ciberculturales que exigen la flexibilización y reorientación de los procesos curriculares tradicionales. Pues, de acuerdo con Serres, (2012)

“este cambio tan decisivo de la enseñanza —cambio que repercute poco a poco sobre el espacio entero de la sociedad mundial y el conjunto de sus obsoletas instituciones, cambio que no solo toca, y de lejos, a la enseñanza solamente, sino también sin duda al trabajo, las empresas, la salud, el derecho, la política y, en suma, el conjunto de nuestras instituciones— sentimos que tenemos una necesidad urgente de hacerlo, pero todavía estamos lejos”. (pág. 11). 

Apreciaciones que, sin duda, conducen a responder a las actuales exigencias del papel que juega la academia y la sociedad en los nuevos escenarios físicos y virtuales en los que hoy transcurren los aprendizajes.
Cultura tributaria: lineamientos para la comnpensación de saldos a favor de los contribuyentes
Authors: Barros Bayona Luz Mary , Hernández Igirio René Segundo , Martínez González Víctor Hugo , Ochoa Triana Carlos Andrés
Published: June 2021

En el sector tributario colombiano se contempla la verificación de las retenciones o pago en exceso que permite generar saldo a favor del contribuyente, lo que se considera relevante para la creación de una cultura   tributaria que permita educar   a   la   ciudadanía   ante el comportamiento de sus aportes fiscales obligatorios, dando un interesante giro para evitar la evasión de impuestos, pues al conocer de forma transparente hacia dónde va el dinero y cómo lo ocupa el Estado en beneficios sociales, se ve retribuido a manera de inversión social. Este trabajo refleja la necesidad imperativa de presentar la importancia de la cultura tributaria y dar a conocer lineamientos para la compensación de saldos a favor del contribuyente.
Perfil docente de licenciados em Química em uma universidade pública cearense
Authors: Martins Júnior Francisco Ranulfo Freitas , Pontes Junior José Airton De Freitas , Vidal Eloisa Maia
Published: June 2021

Tornar-se professor é complexo e subjetivo a cada postulante desse cargo, mas algumas pistas deste fenômeno podem ser descritas. Sendo assim, identificou-se o perfil docente de licenciados em Química em uma universidade pública cearense, no decênio 2008 – 2018, mensurando fatores associados as suas vivências pessoais e profissionais. Os egressos são professores de Ciências/Química na educação básica, tendo vislumbrado a docência como profissão, sobretudo, pela opção de prestar vestibular em curso da área das Ciências da Natureza. Eles ingressaram na licenciatura em Química da instituição, considerando-a, em determinada medida, formação profissional adequada. Em sua maioria, realizaram formação continuada na mesma área da graduação e potencializam seu ensino mediante a mobilização de diferentes saberes. Conclui-se que, dos distintos períodos geradores de aprendizagens da docência, derivam-se indícios de constituição profissional.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ АКТИВНОСТИ ФЕРМЕНТОВ АЛТ И АСТ С ВОЗРАСТОМ ПО ДАННЫМ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО АНАЛИЗА
Authors: Абумуслимов С.С. , Ташаева К.Р. , Темирсултанова М.Х. , Дешнеева З.Р.
Published: June 2021

В работе исследованы возрастные и половые изменения двух важнейших ферментов АЛТ и АСТ. Биохимический анализ АЛТ и АСТ проводился в возрастном интервале от15 до 60 и более лет. В этот временной промежуток попадают 4 возрастные группы: юношеский, зрелый (два периода) и пожилой возрасты. Анализ сыворотки крови на выявление активности ферментов проводили на биохимическом анализаторе Кобасс 311.Было выявлено, что активность АЛТ и АСТ достоверно вырастала к первому периоду зрелого возраста по сравнению с юношеским возрастом. В дальнейшем, с возрастом, отмечается постепенное снижение указанных ферментов, хотя это снижение не было статистически значимым. Значимые половые различия в уровне активности двух ферментов во всех четырех исследованных группах не установлены.
БИОЭЛЕМЕНТОПРОФИЛАКТИКА В БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЕ
Authors: Арсанукаев Д.Л. , Зайналабдиева Х.М. , Чааров У.Дж. , Магомадова С.М. , Бисиева М.М.
Published: June 2021

Метаболизм микроэлементов может быть связан с поступлением их и доступностью в пище, распределением, абсорбцией, экскрецией, мобилизацией, хранением и биохимической активностью.В целях оптимизации микроэлементного обмена животных в биогеохимическом регионе нами изучено влияние неорганической и органической (комплексонатов, приготовленных на основе этилендиаминтетраацетата) форм микроэлементов Fe, Cu, Co, Zn, Mn + КI на метаболизм животных.Результаты показали положительное влияние обеих форм добавок на концентрационный фон микроэлементов в критической ткани. Однако, в сравнительном аспекте, комплексонаты микроэлементов имели абсорбционный приоритет перед неорганическими солями и интактной группой.
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЯДОВИТЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ ЧР
Authors: Индербаева И.Ш. , Умаева А.М.
Published: June 2021

Ядовитые растения содержат различные биологически активные фитохимические вещества, которые могут нанести вред живому организму при контакте. Всасывание (кожным слоем), вдыхание, проглатывание или принятие во внутрь, либо введение непосредственно в кровь выше перечисленных веществ, способно вызывать отравления, травмы и даже приводить к летальному исходу как людей, так и животных. Биологически активными веществами являются алкалоиды, гликозиды, сапонины, оксалаты, дубильные вещества. Также отмечается, что ядовитые растения являются полезными при лечении различных заболеваний. Некоторые виды растений, токсичные или пагубно влияющие на человеческий организм, присутствует в наших садах или высаживаются в качестве придорожных по незнанию, не изучая их влияние на людей в целом.
ВЛИЯНИЕ СВЕТОВОГО ФАКТОРА НА РОСТ ДРОЖЖЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК
Authors: Ясуева Х.Х. , Дохтукаева А.М. , Усаева Я.С.
Published: June 2021

Дрожжи играют важную роль в жизни человека. Человек еще с древних времен использует дрожжи в процессах ферментации для производства пива, вина и хлеба. Дрожжи также неоценимы как модельные эукариотические клетки в фундаментальных биологических и биомедицинских исследованиях.
Однако дрожжи вызывают различные грибковые заболевания кожи, ногтей, волос человека и животных. Также есть патогенные для растений дрожжевые грибы и грибы, вызывающие порчу пищевых продуктов.
С ростом освещенности снижается рост Saccharomycesellipsoideus. При 6000 лк рост Saccharomycesellipsoideus полностью прекращается.
Caderno aTempo: História em arte e design - VOL. 4
Authors: Rezende Edson José Carpintero , Safar Giselle Hissa , Almeida Marcelina das Graças de
Published: June 2021

A série Caderno aTempo – histórias em arte e design, já abordou em suas publicações temas como o tempo, o gênero e a fotografia, e neste quarto volume denominado “Materiallis” os autores promovem reflexões sobre os materiais ao longo da história. Esta edição contempla desde a discussão sobre a imaterialidade até as inúmeras possibilidades de utilização durante vários períodos da história mundial, com enfoque principalmente nas áreas das Artes, do Design e da Arquitetura.
La tolerancia al riesgo financiero y las variables socioeconomicas de los inversionistas sonorenses para el financiamiento de empresas startup de tecnologia
Authors: González Vejar Roberto Luis , León Balderrama Jorge I. , Garibay Escobar Sergio
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo es un estudio que tiene como objetivo definir y analizar la tolerancia al riesgo y sus variables socioeconómicas de los inversionistas sonorenses para el financiamiento de empresas startup de tecnología. A partir de un muestreo bola de nieve se seleccionaron a 147 inversionistas con patrimonio por encima de 7 millones de dólares. Por medio de consentimiento informado, se les aplicó un cuestionario de tolerancia al riesgo, horizonte de tiempo y objetivos financieros realizado a través de investigaciones sobre el tema de riesgos en las inversiones. Los resultados indicaron que la muestra seleccionada presenta niveles de bajos a moderados de tolerancia al riesgo. De igual manera se encontró que variables como el nivel de escolaridad y edad se relacionan con la tolerancia al riesgo. Los hallazgos del estudio son de particular relevancia para los asesores-planificadores financieros, las organizaciones profesionales, los reguladores de la industria y, sobre todo, los que están en la búsqueda de financiamiento para una startup de tecnología.
Variables que influyen en el consumo de bebidas saludables innovadoras en Hermosillo, Sonora, México
Authors: Rivera Ruiz Mariana , Leon Lopez Lourdes Patricia
Published: June 2021

La cultura mexicana se destaca por una gran cantidad y variedad de bebidas no alcohólicas, los consumidores procuran adquirir las que cuentan con características necesarias para su satisfacción. En la actualidad, ha sido implementada una alternativa de bebidas poco conocida; algunas son comerciales, que ofrece una variedad de combinaciones de sabores para su consumo. Para el consumidor su intención es probar un producto novedoso que se encuentre fuera del mercado. Sin embargo, existen variables influyentes en el consumo, las cuales se analizan en esta investigación. El presente artículo, tiene como objetivo plantear un modelo conceptual a nivel descriptivo sobre la aceptación de bebidas saludables innovadoras, así como el efecto de la neofobia que manifiesta el consumidor hacia este tipo de productos medido por las variables de calidad intrínsecas y extrínsecas y la intención de compra en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora.