bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ca3Sm3[Si9N17] and Ca3Yb3[Si9N17] Nitridosilicates with Interpenetrating Nets that Consist of Star‐Shaped [N[4](SiN3)4] Units and [Si5N16] Supertetrahedra.
Authors: Huppertz Hubert , Oeckler Oliver , Lieb Alexandra , Glaum Robert , Johrendt Dirk , Tegel Marcus , Kaindl Reinhard , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: December 2012

The new title compounds are prepared by reactions of the pure metals with “Si(NH)2” in a radio‐frequency furnace at 1650 °C for 12 h.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Alcohols as Promoters for the Metal‐Free Direct Substitution Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with Nitrogenated, Silylated, and Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Trillo Paz , Baeza Alejandro , Najera Carmen
Published: December 2012

Trifluoroethanol and hexafluoroisopropanol efficiently promote the title reactions which allow facile formation of diverse alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Recyclable Ionic Liquid‐Supported Imidazolidinone Catalyst in Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Liang , Cheong Hao‐Lun , Lai Yin‐Chang , Loo Wan‐Yi , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: December 2012

Diels—Alder reactions involving both alkyl‐ and aryl‐substituted α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes (I) and cyclopentadiene (II) proceed efficiently in the presence of the title catalyst and trifluoroacetic acid as the acidic co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Environmentally Benign Benzylic Oxidation Catalyzed by Hypervalent Iodine Intermediate in Water.
Authors: Xu Yuan , Hu Jian Tao , Yan Jie
Published: December 2012

The radical initiator is prepared in situ from iodobenzene, MCPBA and KBr.
ChemInform Abstract: The Remarkable Effect of a Simple Ion: Iodide‐Promoted Transfer Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatics.
Authors: Wu Jianjun , Wang Chao , Tang Weijun , Pettman Alan , Xiao Jianliang
Published: December 2012

The new method for the reduction of quinolines, isoquinolines, and quinoxalines is based on the use of an azeotropic HCOOH/Et3N mixture as hydrogen source, very low loadings of the rhodium catalyst, and catalytic or stoichiometric amounts of KI.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds under Nonacidic Conditions.
Authors: Hudson Julian A. , Sweeney J. B.
Published: December 2012

Various cyclic amine substrates are used in the presence of either aldehydes or ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Monofluoroalkyl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Allenyl Carbinol Esters Mediated by Gold and Selectfluor.
Authors: Jin Zhuang , Hidinger Rachel S. , Xu Bo , Hammond Gerald B.
Published: December 2012

Sequential treatment of allenyl carbinol esters with the gold catalyst and Selectfluor results in efficient and selective formation of monofluorinated (E)‐enones like (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Oxidative Homo‐ and Heterocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Immobilized Copper in MCM‐41.
Authors: Xiao Ruian , Yao Ruiya , Cai Mingzhong
Published: December 2012

The catalyst can be recovered by filtration and used in at least ten reaction runs without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient One‐Pot, Three‐Component Synthesis of β‐Aminoketones Catalyzed by Fe(O2CCF3)3.
Authors: Zhang Min , Xiong Biao , Yang Wei , Chen Ling , Wu Feng , Wang Quan , Ding Yuqiang
Published: December 2012

This methodology can be employed to synthesize a wide range of target compounds and to introduce different functional groups into the β‐aminoketone skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Gel Promotes Reductions of Aldehydes and Ketones by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes.
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Curran Dennis P.
Published: December 2012

One, two, or all three of the boron hydrides of carbene borane NHC and its dimethyl analogue can be transferred to the aldehydes and ketones to give primary and secondary alcohols under ambient conditions and in the presence of SiO2, which is crucial for the rapid reduction.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical One‐Pot Preparation of Ketones from Aryl and Alkyl Bromides with Aldehydes and DIH via Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Dohi Souya , Moriyama Katsuhiko , Togo Hideo
Published: December 2012

Various aromatic or aliphatic ketones are obtained in a transition‐metal‐free one‐pot reaction of aromatic or aliphatic halides and aldehydes with DIH via Grignard reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: General and Highly Efficient Fluorinated‐N‐heterocyclic Carbene—Based Catalysts for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction.
Authors: Liu Taoping , Zhao Xiaoming , Shen Qilong , Lu Long
Published: December 2012

This paper demonstrates that a trifluoromethylated imidazolium salt is a highly reactive and practical catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, bromides and triflates.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Diarylmethanes via Diborylmethane.
Authors: Endo Kohei , Ishioka Takafumi , Ohkubo Takahiro , Shibata Takanori
Published: December 2012

Diarylethanes and diarylbutenes are also available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of 2,3‐Bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)buta‐1,3‐diene by Bromine Elimination of (Z)‐1,4‐Dibromo‐2,3‐bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐butene.
Authors: Tazoe Kazuya , Uchikawa Yuki , Feng Xing , Yamato Takehiko
Published: December 2012

Compounds (IV), (V), and (VI) are prepared for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of But‐2‐yne‐1,4‐diols with or without 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Furans.
Authors: Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Lauw Sherman Jun Liang , Kothandaraman Prasath , Chan Philip Wai Hong
Published: December 2012

In the presence of TosOH butyne‐4,4‐diols are found to undergo convenient cyclization to afford various trisubstituted furans.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Various α‐Halo Ketones in One‐Pot Synthesis of γ‐Iminolactones.
Authors: Asghari Sakineh , Habibi Ahmad Khabbazi
Published: December 2012

The three‐component reaction of tert‐butyl isocyanide, acetylenedicarboxylate (II) and α‐halo ketones affords halogenated iminolactones (IV) (22 examples) as the sole products.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Iodine Catalyzed Three Components Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of 1‐((Phenylthio)(phenyl)methyl)pyrrolidin‐2‐one Derivatives Possessing Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Ramachandran Gunasekar , Karthikeyan Natesan S. , Giridharan Periyasamy , Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu I.
Published: December 2012

A novel, simple, mild, and faster synthesis of the title compounds is developed from readily available starting materials including a convenient work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefinic C—H Bond Addition to Aryl Aldehyde and Its N‐Sulfonylimine via Rh Catalysis.
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Xi‐Sha , Zhu Qi‐Lei , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: December 2012

Benzaldimines or benzaldehydes undergo the title reaction with 5‐ to 7‐membered 1‐pyridylcycloalkenes to give the corresponding cyclic vinyl amines and vinyl alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to Polysubstituted 4‐Pyridones from N‐Aryl Acetoacetamides via a N to C 1,3‐Acyl Migration Mediated by Sodium Persulfate.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Fang Shiliang , Liu Qingfeng , Zhang Guisheng
Published: December 2012

In the presence of sodium persulfate, N‐aryl acetoacetamides undergo self‐condensation and novel 1,3‐acyl migration to afford biologically important polysubstituted 4‐pyridones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Formation of C—C Bonds: Efficient Assembly of 2‐Substituted and 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinolines.
Authors: Ji Xiaochen , Huang Huawen , Li Yibiao , Chen Huoji , Jiang Huanfeng
Published: December 2012

The title quinolines are prepared from anilines, aldehydes, and terminal olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazopyridines from the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates of Nitroalkenes and Convenient Access to Alpidem and Zolpidem.
Authors: Nair Divya K. , Mobin Shaikh M. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: December 2012

In the absence of reagents, acetates (I) and 2‐aminopyridines undergo a highly regioselective cascade inter‐/intramolecular double aza‐Michael addition reaction to give the title compounds within one hour.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,3,4‐kl]acridin‐1‐one Derivatives Catalyzed by L‐Proline.
Authors: Wang Huiyang , Li Lili , Lin Wei , Xu Pan , Huang Zhibin , Shi Daqing
Published: December 2012

A variety of isatin derivatives and cyclic enaminones (II) or (IV) are transformed to dihydropyrroloacridines (III) (25 examples) or pyrroloacridines (VI) (13 examples), correspondingly.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Cyclization: Synthesis of N‐Heteroalkyl‐N′‐tosylpiperazines.
Authors: Huang Jianying , Xu Weiyuan , Xie Hujun , Li Shijun
Published: December 2012

Base‐mediated treatment of the protected amino alcohol (I) with amines results in mild and convenient formation of a number of N≈‐alkylated tosylpiperazines including heteroalkyl‐substituted ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Borylation of Aryltriazene Mediated by BF3·OEt2.
Authors: Zhu Chuan , Yamane Motoki
Published: December 2012

Various arylboronic esters are prepared by deaminoborylation of triazenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron in max.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyloxycarbonyl Group Migration in Furanosides.
Authors: Dvorakova Marcela , Pribylova Marie , Pohl Radek , Migaud Marie E. , Vanek Tomas
Published: December 2012

The presented migration occurs under mild basic conditions and can be prevented under acidic or neutral conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Approach to the Synthesis of Enantiopure 19‐nor‐Vitamin D3 and Its C‐2 Phosphate Analogues Prepared from Cyclohexadienyl Sulfone.
Authors: Sikervar Vikas , Fleet James C. , Fuchs Philip L.
Published: December 2012

Enantiopure 19‐nor‐vitamin D3 (III) is prepared via alkylation of dianion of sulfone (I) with allyl chloride (II) followed by 1,2‐eliminative desulfonylation with concomitant silyl ether deprotection as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalytic Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Trocheliophorolide B.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Quintard Adrien
Published: December 2012

The key steps of the route are the successive asymmetric acetaldehyde alkynylation, the asymmetric ruthenium catalyzed alkene—alkyne coupling, and an unprecedented catalytic ynone cross‐aldol condensation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Prolific {ZR6}X12R and {ZR6}X10 Structure Types with Isolated Endohedrally Stabilized (Z) Rare‐Earth Metal (R) Cluster Halide (X) Complexes
Authors: Rustige Christian , Bruehmann Matthias , Steinberg Simon , Meyer Eva , Daub Kathrin , Zimmermann Sina , Wolberg Marike , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Meyer Gerd
Published: December 2012

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Colloidal Inorganic Nanoparticles: From Medicine to Energy
Authors: Lohse Samuel E. , Murphy Catherine J.
Published: December 2012

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances of Sodium Borohydride Reduction in Coal Water Slurry Desulfurization: Integration of Chemical and Electrochemical Reduction.
Authors: Shen Yafei , Liu Xunyue , Sun Tonghua , Jia Jinping
Published: December 2012

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Addition Reactions to Allenes
Authors: Winter Christian , Krause Norbert
Published: December 2012

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Selective Electron Transmission Through Monolayers of Chiral Molecules
Authors: Naaman Ron , Vager Zeev
Published: December 2012

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Ligands, Cluster Size, and Charge State in Gas‐Phase Catalysis: A Happy Marriage of Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut
Published: December 2012

Review: 142 refs.
Contribution to the Global Warming Mitigation of Marshlands Conversion to Croplands in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hui , Dong Gui‐Hua , Zhang Yuan , Lu Xian‐Guo , Jiang Ming
Published: December 2012

Based on the estimation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and carbon sequestration of the total conversion of marshlands (TMC), marshlands conversion to paddy fields (MCPFs) and marshlands conversion to uplands (MCULs), this study revealed the contribution to the global warming mitigation (CGWM) of paddy fields versus uplands converted from marshlands in the Sanjiang Plain (excluding the Muling‐Xingkai Plain on south of Wanda Mountain), Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The results showed that the total area of MCPFs and MCULs was 504.23 × 103 ha between 1982 and 2005. The CGWM per unit area was 45.53 t CO2eq/ha for MCPFs and that was 23.95 t CO2eq/ha for MCULs, with an obvious 47.40% reduction. The MCPFs and MCULs ecosystems acted as the carbon sink all of the year. As far as CGWM per unit area is concerned, MCPFs mitigated the greenhouse effect which was greater than MCULs. And it was effective that the implementation of the uplands transformed into paddy fields in Northeast China with regard to marshlands protection and croplands (including paddy fields and uplands) reclamation.
pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery by Amphiphilic Copolymer through Boronate–Catechol Complexation
Authors: Wu Suhong , Qi Ruogu , Kuang Huihui , Wei Yen , Jing Xiabin , Meng Fanbo , Huang Yubin
Published: December 2012

Stimuli‐responsive micellar nanoparticles are gaining considerable attention in the field of drug delivery because of their great advantages of high efficiency in tumor accumulation through the enhanced permeability and retention effect and rapid drug release. In this study, a novel catechol moiety‐containing amphiphilic, biodegradable polymeric carrier, monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(L‐lysine)‐graft‐[3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid], was employed for delivery of the anticancer drug bortezomib (BTZ) to cancer cells. The strategy is based on the facile conjugation of BTZ to catechol‐containing polymeric carriers through boronate formation, which could dissociate in acidic environments to liberate its payload BTZ to inhibit proteasome function. This reducing BTZ–catechol interaction with decreasing pH value was demonstrated by microcalorimetry analysis using isothermal titration calorimetry. Notably, the obtained micellar BTZ complex that self‐assembled from drug‐loaded amphiphilic polymer was internalized effectively by MCF‐7 breast cancer cells and resulted in significant 26S proteasome inhibition. Furthermore, the micellar BTZ complex induced remarkable apoptosis on MCF‐7 and HeLa cancer cells and exhibited little toxicity on HEK293 normal cells. More importantly, systemic delivery of micellar BTZ complex prolonged its blood circulation and resulted in significant accumulation in the tumor site relative to free drug, thus suggesting therapeutic promise for micellar BTZ delivery in cancer therapy.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 Hierarchical Nanoheterostructures
Authors: Zhang Shouwei , Li Jiaxing , Niu Haihong , Xu Wenqing , Xu Jinzhang , Hu Wenping , Wang Xiangke
Published: December 2012

Three‐dimensional SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 semiconductor hierarchical nanoheterostructures were synthesized for photocatalysis through a low‐cost and environmentally friendly hydrothermal strategy, by crystallographic‐oriented epitaxial growth of SnO2 on three‐dimensional α‐Fe2O3 flowerlike hierarchical nanostructures. In this photocatalyst, visible‐light‐active Fe2O3 flowerlike hierarchical nanostructures were used as a medium to absorb photons and convert them into photogenerated charges, and SnO2 nanoparticles were used as charge collectors to transport the photogenerated charges. The SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 semiconductor hierarchical nanoheterostructures exhibited excellent visible‐light photocatalytic ability for the degradation of methylene blue; this was attributed to the large specific surface area, wide visible‐light absorption range, and efficient electron–hole pair separation properties of the SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 nanoheterostructures. The SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 material showed improved separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs owing to the potential‐energy differences between SnO2 and α‐Fe2O3, and therefore exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity. This paper highlights the SnO2/α‐Fe2O3 semiconductor hierarchical nanoheterostructures as potentially more environmentally friendly materials for use in organic pollutant degradation for environmental pollution cleanup operations.
FcγRI (CD64): An identity card for intestinal macrophages
Authors: De Calisto Jaime , Villablanca Eduardo J. , Mora J. Rodrigo
Published: December 2012

Macrophages are becoming increasingly recognized as key cellular players in intestinal immune homeostasis. However, differentiating between macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) is often difficult, and finding a specific phenotypic signature for intestinal macrophage identification has remained elusive. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Tamoutounour et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2012. 42: 3150‐3166] identify CD64 as a specific macrophage marker that can be used to discriminate DCs from macrophages in the murine small and large intestine, under both steady‐state and inflammatory conditions. The authors also propose a sequential ‘monocyte‐waterfall’ model for intestinal macrophage differentiation, with implications for immune tolerance and inflammation at the gut mucosal interface. This Commentary will discuss the advantages and potential limitations of CD64 as a marker for intestinal macrophages.
Role of immune cell subsets in the establishment of vector‐borne infections
Authors: Leitner Wolfgang W. , Costero‐Saint Denis Adriana , Wali Tonu
Published: December 2012

Many of the pathogens responsible for diseases that result in both economic and global health burdens are transmitted by arthropod vectors in the course of a blood meal. In the past, these vectors were viewed mainly as simple delivery vehicles but the appreciation of the role that factors in the saliva of vectors play during pathogen transmission is increasing. Vector saliva proteins alter numerous physiological events in the skin; in addition, potent immunomodulatory properties are attributed to arthropod saliva. The description of specific factors responsible for these activities and their mechanisms of action have thus far remained mostly anecdotal. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) sponsored a workshop in May 2012 to explore novel approaches aimed at identifying how vector saliva components affect the function of various immune cell subsets and the subsequent impact on the transmission of vector‐borne pathogens. Such knowledge could guide the development of novel drugs, vaccines and other strategies to block the transmission of vector‐borne pathogens. This meeting report summarizes the discussions of the gaps/challenges which represent attractive research opportunities with significant translational potential.
Social interdependence in close relationships: The actor–partner‐interdependence–investment model (API‐IM)
Authors: Macher Silvia
Published: December 2012

This article introduces the actor–partner‐interdependence–investment model (API‐IM) that was developed to add a dyadic perspective to Rusbult's investment model. The API‐IM is based on interdependence theoretical assumptions and the actor–partner interdependence model. Two studies were conducted to investigate the reliability of the API‐IM. Relationship satisfaction, investment size, quality of alternatives, and relationship commitment were assessed at both partners of 77 (Study 1) and 162 (Study 2) married and unmarried heterosexual couples. Path analyses that applied a structural equation modeling framework revealed a dyadic model that significantly predicts women's and men's commitment by actor effects of satisfaction, investments, and alternatives, and partner effects of satisfaction. Actor and partner effects of satisfaction were significantly moderated by relationship duration and marital status. Marital status also significantly moderated the actor effect of alternatives. The API‐IM supports the concept of social interdependence in close relationships, and it is discussed as a sound dyadic extension of the investment model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benchmarking and Enrollment Management
Authors: Duniway Robert L.
Published: December 2012

This chapter looks at the importance of benchmarking in terms of admissions, enrollment, and financial aid within an organization used to assess enrollment management's performance.
Counseling Programs' Informed Consent Practices: A Survey of Student Preferences
Authors: Pease‐Carter Cheyenne , Minton Casey A. Barrio
Published: December 2012

This study examined 115 master's‐level counseling students' preferences for content, timing, and method of programmatic informed consent. Students rated the majority of items as moderately or extremely important to receive, and they indicated a desire for the informed consent to be facilitated through a combination of both oral and written methods throughout their programs of study. Results reinforce and go beyond the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (2009) and American Counseling Association (2005) expectations for informed consent. Implications for counselor education are discussed.
A Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of UV‐Blue ZnSe Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Fu Shasha , Sun Qizhuang , Li Dingyun , Dong Meiting , Liu Shuxian , Huang Chaobiao
Published: December 2012

Described herein is a novel one‐pot aqueous synthesis of ZnSe nanocrystals has featuring the utilization of Na2SeO3 and Zn(AC)2×2H2O as Se and Zn source, glutathione (GSH) as stabilizing agent and reducing agent. By this approach, the UV‐blue ZnSe QDs with quantum yield (QYs) up to 19% have been synthesized with a molar ratio of Se/Zn/GSH at 1:4:8.5 under aqueous conditions at 110 °C. XRD and TEM show the ZnSe QDs are zinc cubic structure particles with an average diameter of 3–5 nm.
NF‐κB mediated miR‐26a regulation in cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Wei Chuanyu , Kim Il‐Kwon , Kumar Sandeep , Jayasinghe Samantha , Hong Nayeon , Castoldi Giovanna , Catalucci Daniele , Jones W. Keith , Gupta Sudhiranjan
Published: December 2012

Micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non‐coding RNAs, recently emerged as a post‐transcriptional regulator having a key role in various cardiac pathologies. Among them, cardiac fibrosis that occurs as a result from an imbalance of extracellular matrix proteins turnover and is a highly debilitating process that eventually lead to organ dysfunction. An emerging theme on is that miRNAs participate in feedback loop with transcription factors that regulate their transcription. NF‐κB, a key transcription factor regulator controls a series of gene program in various cardiac diseases through positive and negative feedback mechanism. But, NF‐κB mediated miRNA regulation in cardiac fibrosis remains obscure. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR‐26a has targets collagen I and CTGF and possesses putative NF‐κB binding element in its promoter region. Here, we show that inhibition of NF‐κB in cardiac fibroblast restores miR‐26a expression, attenuating collagen I, and CTGF gene expression in the presence of Ang II, conferring a feedback regulatory mechanism in cardiac fibrosis. The target genes for miR‐26a were confirmed using 3′‐UTR luciferase reporter assays for collagen I and CTGF genes. Using NF‐κB reporter assays, we determine that miR‐26a overexpression inhibits NF‐κB activity. Finally, we show that miR‐26a expression is restored along with the attenuation of collagen I and CTGF genes in cardiac specific IkBa triple mutant transgenic mice (preventing NF‐κB activation) subjected to 4 weeks transverse aortic banding (TAC), compared to wild type (WT) mice. The data indicate a potential role of miR‐26a in cardiac fibrosis and, offer novel therapeutic intervention. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1433–1442, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Itch, an E3 ligase of Oct4, is required for embryonic stem cell self‐renewal and pluripotency induction
Authors: Liao Bing , Zhong Xiaoming , Xu Huiming , Xiao Feng , Fang Zhuoqing , Gu Junjie , Chen Yue , Zhao Yingming , Jin Ying
Published: December 2012

Itch, a C2‐WW‐HECT domain ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays an important role in various biological processes. However, its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains unknown. Here, we report that Itch interacts with and targets pluripotency‐associated transcription factor Oct4 for ubiquitination. Moreover, Itch enhances Oct4 transcriptional activities and controls Oct4 protein stability dependent on its catalytic activity. Importantly, silencing Itch expression compromises ESC self‐renewal capacity and somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. Taken together, our study identifies Itch as a regulator of Oct4 stability and transcriptional activity, establishing a functional link between an E3 ligase and the regulation of pluripotency. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1443–1451, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defective autophagy in multidrug resistant cells may lead to growth inhibition by BH3‐mimetic gossypol
Authors: Ahn Jun‐Ho , Jang Gun‐Hee , Lee Michael
Published: December 2012

The clinical efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents has been reduced due to the development of drug resistance. In this article, we aimed to validate gossypol, a natural BH3 mimetic found in cottonseeds, as a potential therapeutic to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR). Gossypol was found to retain its efficacy in v‐Ha‐ras‐transformed NIH 3T3 cells that overexpressed P‐glycoprotein (Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr), which was similar to the efficacy observed in their parental counterparts (Ras‐NIH 3T3). A rhodamine assay revealed that the alteration of MDR activity did not contribute to the cytotoxic effect of gossypol. Gossypol caused a G2/M arrest by the induction of p21Cip1 and the down‐regulation of p27Kip1 expression in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells, whereas no significant G2/M arrest was exhibited in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. Surprisingly, a 48‐h treatment with gossypol induced apoptotic cell death in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells; however, gossypol induced both apoptosis and necrosis in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells, as determined with flow cytometry analysis. More notably, gossypol preferentially induced autophagy in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells but not in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and flow cytometric analysis revealed that gossypol‐induced autophagy is independent of the dissociation of Beclin 1 from Bcl‐2 in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the antiproliferative activity of gossypol appears to be due to cell‐cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, with the induction of apoptosis in Ras‐NIH 3T3 cells. In addition, defective autophagy might contribute to apoptotic and necrotic cell death in response to gossypol in Ras‐NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1496–1505, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
miR‐29b negatively regulates human osteoclastic cell differentiation and function: Implications for the treatment of multiple myeloma‐related bone disease
Authors: Rossi Marco , Pitari Maria Rita , Amodio Nicola , Di Martino Maria Teresa , Conforti Francesco , Leone Emanuela , Botta Cirino , Paolino Francesco Maria , Del Giudice Teresa , Iuliano Eleonora , Caraglia Michele , Ferrarini Manlio , Giordano Antonio , Tagliaferri Pierosandro , Tassone Pierfrancesco
Published: December 2012

Skeletal homeostasis relies upon a fine tuning of osteoclast (OCL)‐mediated bone resorption and osteoblast (OBL)‐dependent bone formation. This balance is unsettled by multiple myeloma (MM) cells, which impair OBL function and stimulate OCLs to generate lytic lesions. Emerging experimental evidence is disclosing a key regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of bone homeostasis suggesting the miRNA network as potential novel target for the treatment of MM‐related bone disease (BD). Here, we report that miR‐29b expression decreases progressively during human OCL differentiation in vitro. We found that lentiviral transduction of miR‐29b into OCLs, even in the presence of MM cells, significantly impairs tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAcP) expression, lacunae generation, and collagen degradation, which are relevant hallmarks of OCL activity. Accordingly, expression of cathepsin K and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as well as actin ring rearrangement were impaired in the presence of miR‐29b. Moreover, we found that canonical targets C‐FOS and metalloproteinase 2 are suppressed by constitutive miR‐29b expression which also downregulated the master OCL transcription factor, NAFTc‐1. Overall, these data indicate that enforced expression of miR‐29b impairs OCL differentiation and overcomes OCL activation triggered by MM cells, providing a rationale for miR‐29b‐based treatment of MM‐related BD. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 1506–1515, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lesions masquerading as acute stroke
Authors: Liu Xiang , Almast Jeevak , Ekholm Sven
Published: December 2012

Rapid and accurate recognition of lesions masquerading as acute stroke is important. Any incorrect or delayed diagnosis of stroke mimics will not only increase the risk of being exposed to unnecessary and possibly dangerous interventional therapies, but will also delay proper treatment. In this article, written from a neuroradiologist's perspective, we classified these lesions masquerading as acute stroke into three groups: lesions that may have “normal imaging,” lesions that are “symptom mimics” but on imaging clearly not a stroke, and lesions that are “symptom and imaging mimics” with imaging findings similar to stroke. We focused the review on neuroimaging findings of the latter two groups ending with a suggestion for a diagnostic approach in the form of an algorithm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:15–34. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular imprinted polymer for solid‐phase extraction of flavonol aglycones from Moringa oleifera extracts
Authors: Pakade Vusumzi , Cukrowska Ewa , Lindahl Sofia , Turner Charlotta , Chimuka Luke
Published: December 2012

Molecular imprinted polymer produced using quercetin as the imprinting compound was applied for the extraction of flavonol aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol) from Moringa oleifera methanolic extracts obtained using heated reflux extraction method. Identification and quantification of these flavonols in the Moringa extracts was achieved using high performance liquid chromatography with ultra violet detection. Breakthrough volume and retention capacity of molecular imprinted polymer SPE was investigated using a mixture of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. The calculated theoretical number of plates was found to be 14, 50 and 8 for myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, respectively. Calculated adsorption capacities were 2.0, 3.4 and 3.7 μmol/g for myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol, respectively. No myricetin was observed in Moringa methanol extracts. Recoveries of quercetin and kaempferol from Moringa methanol extracts of leaves and flowers ranged from 77 to 85% and 75 to 86%, respectively, demonstrating the feasibility of using the developed molecularly imprinted SPE method for quantitative clean‐up of both of these flavonoids. Using heated reflux extraction combined with molecularly imprinted SPE, quercetin concentrations of 975 ± 58 and 845 ± 32 mg/kg were determined in Moringa leaves and flowers, respectively. However, the concentrations of kaempferol found in leaves and flowers were 2100 ± 176 and 2802 ± 157 mg/kg, respectively.
Low‐abundant protein extraction from complex protein sample using a novel continuous aqueous two‐phase systems device
Authors: Vázquez‐Villegas Patricia , Espitia‐Saloma Edith , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Aguilar Oscar
Published: December 2012

The present work describes the application of a novel continuous aqueous two‐phase system prototype for the recovery of biomolecules. The prototype is an alternative platform for protein recovery and α‐amylase from soybean extracts was used as a model system. The system was selected as an example of low‐abundant protein present in complex mixtures. Compared with batch systems, continuous operation in this prototype seems to increase partition coefficient with higher recovery efficiencies. Processing time is reduced at least three times in the continuous system when compared to batch mode, while hold up (volumetric quantity of the opposing phase in a determined phase sample) decreases with decreasing phases flow. Furthermore, similar partition coefficient (Kp > 4) with a higher top phase enzyme recovery (81%) is also obtained in this system probably due to better contact surface between phases, compared with that obtained in batch (79%). A continuous aqueous two‐phase system process with purification factor 40‐fold higher than batch experiments was achieved. These preliminary results exhibit the potential of continuous systems for the recovery of low‐abundant proteins from complex mixtures. The promising performance of this prototype can raise the attention of the industry for the adoption of aqueous two‐phase system processes.
Analysis of active alkaloids in the Menispermaceae family by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis‐ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Qinhua , Zhang Juan , Zhang Wenpeng , Chen Zilin
Published: December 2012

A nonaqueous CE‐IT MS with a nanospray ionization interface method was developed for the identification and quantification of tetrandrine (TET), fangchinoline (FAN), and sinomenine (SIN) using berberine as internal standard. The TET, FAN, and SIN standard solutions were directly infused into IT‐MS for collecting MS1–3 spectra. The major fragment ions of analytes were confirmed and possible main cleavage pathways of fragment ions were studied. A bare fused‐silica capillary was used for separation of the analytes. A sheath liquid (50% aqueous methanol containing 0.2% acetic acid) to the capillary effluent with a nanoelectrospray ionization interface was added. Separation buffer comprised 80 mM solution of ammonium acetate, in a mixture of 70% methanol, 20% ACN, and 10% water, which also contained 1% acetic acid. The CE‐MS method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision, and then used to determine the content of the above components. The detection limits of TET, FAN, and SIN are 0.05, 0.08, and 0.15μg/mL, respectively. The precision was no more than 4.67% and the mean recovery of the analytes were 95.36–99.24%. This method was successfully applied to determine TET, FAN, and SIN in real samples radix Stephaniae tetrandrae and rhizomes of Menispermum dauricum.
Effect of Guanidinylation on the Properties of Poly(2‐aminoethylmethacrylate)‐Based Antibacterial Materials
Authors: Mattheis Claudia , Wang Hui , Meister Claus , Agarwal Seema
Published: December 2012

The effect of converting ammonium into guanidine moieties, compared to other factors such as molecular weight or hydrophobicity, on the antibacterial activity is investigated for homo‐ and copolymers of 2‐aminoethylmethacrylate in solution or coatings. Polymers are obtained by free radical polymerization, polymer‐analogous guanidinylation is conducted with cyanamide; non‐leaching immobilization is achieved by LBL assembly of homopolymers or crosslinking of functional sidegroups in copolymers. Antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis is determined by different standard methods. Guanidinylation improves antibacterial activity and speed as well as cytotoxicity of hydrophilic homo‐ and copolymers in solution or coatings.

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Influence of Natural Weathering on the Physical Properties of Compatibilized Blends of Poly(propylene)/Polyamide‐6
Authors: Mouffok S. , Kaci M. , Peuvler‐Disdier E. , Aliouche D.
Published: December 2012

Summary: The present paper deals with the effects of natural weathering on the properties of poly(propylene)/polyamide‐6 blends (70/30 wt %) without and with PP‐g‐MA used as the compatibilizer at various content ratios (2, 4 and 6 wt%). The resulted changes in the chemical structure, morphology and mechanical properties of the different blends were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile tests. After one year of outdoor exposure, no important changes in the chemical structure are observed by FT‐IR spectroscopy for both virgin and compatibilized blends. SEM analysis revealed the effectiveness of PP‐g‐MA to improve the compatibility of PP/PA‐6 blends. However, the weathering effect on the morphology of both virgin and compatibilized blends resulted in the formation of voids and cracks on the fracture surfaces, while the ultimate tensile properties decreased considerably. The overall results indicated clearly that the presence of PP‐g‐MA compatibilizer in PP/PA‐6 blends had no influence on the photo‐oxidation process.
Ultrasound Assisted Extrusion of Polyamide 6 Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Banotubes
Authors: Blanco M. , Sarasua J. A. , López M. , Gonzalo O. , Marcaide A. , Muniesa M. , Fernández A.
Published: December 2012

Summary: Polyamide 6 (PA6)/multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites have been prepared by an extrusion process assisted by ultrasounds. The ultrasounds system has been incorporated at the extrusion die, when the material is flowing through the exit channel. The application of an ultrasound field to a polymer melt has been shown a very efficient method to improve productivity of the process. When ultrasounds are applied, the extrudate flow is highly enhanced maintaining the same processing conditions. In addition, the ultrasounds contribute to the deagglomeration of CNTs into the matrix, as can be conclude from the drop in the electrical resistivity values of the nanocomposites observed when ultrasounds are applied. For the system PA6/MWCNT 7wt%., the electrical resistivity increases three orders of magnitude when ultrasounds are employed during the extrusion. In addition, a high reduction in the electrical percolation index is obtained for nanocomposites extrudated by the assistance of ultrasounds.
Synthesis and Study of New Copolymers Capable of Forming Molecular Complexes with DNA
Authors: Davydova N.K. , Sinitsyna O.V. , Yaminsky I.V. , Kalinina E.V. , Zinoviev K.E.
Published: December 2012

Summary: The possibility of creating the copolymers capable of specific interactions with DNA was studied. The copolymers of acrylamide and synthesized N‐substituted acrylamides were obtained by free‐radical copolymerization in aqueous medium. Using atomic force microscopy it was demonstrated that some of the obtained copolymers form molecular complexes with the bacteriophage lambda DNA. Potentially, the copolymers can be used for detection of DNA in sensing applications.
Novel Microorganisms Resistant HDPE Composites with Wood Fiber and Nanosilica Containing Immobilized Nanosilver
Authors: Jeziórska R. , Zielecka M. , Szadkowska A. , Gutarowska B. , Żakowska Z.
Published: December 2012

Summary: The effect of silica containing immobilized nanosilver (SiO2 − Ag) on the structure, mechanical and bactericidal properties of wood‐filled high density polyethylene composites compounded in a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder and then injection molded was investigated. Maleated high density polyethylene (MHDPE) was used to improve mechanical properties, while spherical nanosilica containing immobilized nanosilver modified bactericidal properties of wood‐filled HDPE composites. It was found that the addition of silica in the presence of MHDPE improves adhesion between HDPE and wood fiber. DMTA measurements confirmed these observations, showing toughening effect in the presence of SiO2 − Ag and MHDPE. The gradual enhancement in tensile and flexural strength, elongation and Charpy impact of the wood‐filled HDPE composites containing MHDPE and SiO2 − Ag was observed. Nanosilica practically did not affect tensile and flexural moduli of the wood‐filled HDPE composites, pointing to a toughing effect. Wood‐filled HDPE composites modified with nanosilica containing immobilized nanosilver were found to be active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium whereas unmodified (without SiO2 − Ag) did not show this efficacy. Thus wood‐filled HDPE composites containing SiO2 − Ag are effective bactericidal materials.
Isothermal Crystallization Behavior of Poly(p‐dioxanone) Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposites
Authors: Zubitur M. , Cortázar M. , Mugica A.
Published: December 2012

Summary: Isothermal crystallization of nanocomposites of poly(p‐dioxanone) and layered double hydroxides (unmodified or oganically modified) prepared by melt extrusion has been studied by Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry and Optical Microscopy. Although the nanoclay acts as a nucleating agent, the spherulite growth rate of the nanocomposites decreases due to the polymer chain mobility restriction induced by layered double hydroxides. In addition, it has not observed any change on the crystallization mechanism in presence of layered double hydroxides.
Polyethylene Blends: Better Formulations for Recycled Polyethylene
Authors: de Oliveira Sampaio M. M. B. , Pimentel Real L. E.
Published: December 2012

Summary: To evaluate the performance of recycled high density polyethylene for pipe applications, blends containing 10, 30 and 50% of recycled in a PE T100N matrix were prepared and characterized using several instrumental analysis methods. The thermal analysis was performed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry in the temperature ranges [23 °C, 300 °C] and [25 °C, 550 °C], respectively. Other technics as DMA, FTIR, XRD and MFR were used. The experimental results have showed that incorporation of recycled PE in PE T100N leads to poorer properties and it requires an upgrading with suitable additives.
Accommodating Two Worlds in One Organisation: Changing Board Models in Agricultural Cooperatives
Authors: Bijman Jos , Hendrikse George , van Oijen Aswin
Published: December 2012

While most economic organisation literature on cooperatives has focused on changes in income rights, we study changes in the allocation of decision rights between board of directors (representing members) and managers. The traditional role of the board is to direct the activities of the managers. However, professional management increasingly makes most strategic decisions, pushing the board into a supervisory role. We present two groups of findings on changing board–management relationships. We identify three corporate governance models: traditional, management and corporation. And we present an empirical illustration showing a relationship between the choice of board model, and product portfolio and performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary flavonoid genistein induces Nrf2 and phase II detoxification gene expression via ERKs and PKC pathways and protects against oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Zhai Xiaohan , Lin Musen , Zhang Feng , Hu Yan , Xu Xiaomei , Li Yubing , Liu Kexin , Ma Xiaochi , Tian Xiaofeng , Yao Jihong
Published: December 2012

Scope

Flavonoids have well‐known antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐cancer activities. Isoflavone genistein is considered a potent antioxidant agent against oxidative stress. Although several mechanisms have been proposed, a clear antioxidant mechanism of genistein is still remained to be answered.

Methods and results

In this study, we focused on the concerted effects on expression of Nrf2 and phase II enzyme pathway components. Transient transfection assays, RT‐PCR and immunoblot analysis were performed to study its molecular mechanisms of action. In Caco‐2 cells, treatment with genistein markedly attenuated H2O2‐induced peroxide formation; this amelioration was reversed by buthionine sulfoximine(GCLC inhibitor) and zinc protoporphyrin(HO‐1 inhibitor). Genistein increased HO‐1 and GCLC mRNA and protein expression. Genistein treatment activated the ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathway; therefore increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression. The roles of the ERK1/2 and PKC signaling pathway were determined using PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) and RNA interference directed against Nrf2. Both inhibitors and siNrf2 abolished genistein‐induced HO‐1 and GCLC protein expression. These results suggest the involvement of ERK1/2, PKC, and Nrf2 in inducing HO‐1 and GCLC by genistein.

Conclusion

Our studies show that genistein up‐regulated HO‐1 and GCLC expression through the EKR1/2 and PKC /Nrf2 pathways during oxidative stress.
Critique of the use of fluorescence‐based reporters in Escherichia coli as a screening tool for the identification of peptide inhibitors of Aβ42 aggregation
Authors: Wright Oliver , Zhang Liao , Liu Yun , Yoshimi Tatsuya , Zheng Yizhi , Tunnacliffe Alan
Published: December 2012

High‐throughput screens that dispense with the need for expensive synthetic Aβ peptide would be invaluable for identifying novel anti‐aggregants as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease. A biosynthetic in vivo approach, using a recombinant fluorescent green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter for the aggregation state of Aβ in Escherichia coli, has been reported by other workers. Here, inducible Aβ–GFP expression in E. coli was coupled to the concurrent constitutive production of a quasi‐random peptide library to screen for anti‐aggregant activity. To attempt to introduce greater robustness, mCherry was also co‐expressed as an internal fluorescence standard to allow ratiometric comparison between samples. However, fluctuations in mCherry expression levels, as well as a low dynamic range of GFP output between positive and negative anti‐aggregant peptides, highlighted limitations with the approach. Despite this, two novel peptides were identified that showed an equivalent in vitro anti‐aggregant activity to that of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate. Thus, although biosynthetic in vivo strategies show promise as screens for novel activities, unforeseen problems can arise because of the variability inherent in any biological system. Copyright © 2012 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Life Course Perspective on Urban–Rural Migration: the Importance of the Local Context
Authors: Stockdale Aileen , Catney Gemma
Published: December 2012

The relationship between migration and age has long been established, and most recently, there have been calls for the inclusion of a life course perspective to migration research. In this paper, we explore Northern Ireland's internal migration patterns, and in particular, we test for the importance of urban to rural migration at different stages of the life course. Data from the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study are used for the first time to analyse urban–rural migration patterns. The resulting modelling demonstrates unique aspects of urban to rural migration within Northern Ireland, which up until now have gone largely unreported.

Results from logistic regression modelling suggest that there is an age selectivity to urban–rural mobility but not necessarily at the life course stages predicted from a review of the life course migration literature. Individuals in younger age groups (at the household and family formation stages of the life course) are most likely to make an urban to rural move in Northern Ireland, with a decline in the likelihood of this move type with age. Possible explanations are offered linked to Northern Ireland's settlement hierarchy, rural planning policy, and family farming traditions. The findings challenge researchers to pay due attention to how migration processes may play out differently in varying geographical, social, and planning contexts and emphasise the importance of structural factors to explain migration patterns. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.