bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Chemical Constituents and In Vitro Biological Effects of Extracts Artemisia absinthium L. Extracts Obtained Using Different Methodologies and Solvents
Authors: Yagi Sakina , Zengin Gokhan , Ibrahime Sinan Kouadio , Yavuz Paksoy Mehmet , Cziáky Zoltán , Jekő József , Dall'Acqua Stefano
Published: May 2024

The present study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of different extracts from aerial parts of A. absinthium and to evaluate their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity. Extracts were prepared by maceration, infusion or Soxhlet techniques. Results showed that the highest total phenolic and flavonoids contents was recorded respectively from the hexane extract prepared by maceration and ethyl acetate extract obtained by Soxhlet method. The characteristic compounds of Artemisia species artemetin, casticin, sesartemin and yangambin in addition to coumarins were identified in all extracts. Aqueous extract obtained by infusion exerted the highest radical scavenging and ions reducing properties while that prepared by maceration displayed the highest chelating power. Methanol extracts obtained by the two methods of extraction exerted the highest anti‐Tyr activity while that obtained by maceration showed the best α‐glucosidase inhibition activity. These findings indicated that A. absinthium is a rich source of bioactive molecules with possible therapeutic applications.
A Review on the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Sterculia
Authors: Wang Lu , Yan Yuan‐Cong , Hao Yi‐Meng , Zhuo Xiao‐Xia , Duan Hong‐Ting , Zhang Qing , Wang Li‐Ning , Qiu Feng
Published: May 2024

The Sterculia genus is comprised of approximately 300 species, which have been widely used as traditional medicines to treat inflammation, snake bites, gastrointestinal diseases, skin diseases, microbial infections and many other diseases. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of Sterculia plants, an extensive literature search was conducted in CNKI, Bing, Wanfang Database, Springer Database, Elsevier Database, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, PubMed, and other similar websites from January 1971 to March 2024. The research indicated that Sterculia species predominantly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids, alkaloids and other chemical components. A wide range of pharmacologic activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and other biological activities have been reported. Nevertheless, there isn′t much scholarly research on the therapeutic material basis of the genus Sterculia. This review reports the ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities of the plants in the Sterculia genus as herbal remedies.
Mutant p53 reactivators protect breast cancer cells from ferroptosis
Authors: Rathnayake Dewmi Sandaru , Dlamini Samkeliso , Elkalawozgy Kadry , Tillekeratne L. M. Viranga , Taylor William R.
Published: May 2024

Ferroptosis is a novel nonapoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron‐dependent reactive oxygen species‐mediated lipid peroxidation. In several different cell systems, the tumor suppressor p53 can enhance sensitivity to ferroptotic inducers. At least half of all human cancers show loss of function of p53. Furthermore, many of those tumors express mutant forms of p53 that has lost its wild‐type function. Several groups have designed small molecules that can reactivate the wild‐type function of these missense p53 mutants. We reasoned that p53 reactivators may also enhance sensitivity of certain cancer cells to ferroptosis stimuli. To test this idea we combined a number of different p53 reactivators with small molecule inducers of ferroptosis. In contrast, we observed that several p53 reactivators protected cells from cell death induced by ferroptotic inducers. Surprisingly, this protection still occurred in p53‐null cell lines. We observed that these reactivators were neither free radical scavengers nor ion chelators. One of these p53 reactivator molecules, NSC 59984, reduced expression of GPX4, which is unlikely to explain its ability to reduce sensitivity to ferroptosis. We suggest that these p53 reactivators function via an unknown, p53‐independent manner to suppress ferroptosis.
Assessing the impact of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng leaf extract on bread quality
Authors: de Mendonça Luciana G. , Holanda Marcos H. B. , Leão Marcos V. de. S. , Galvão Andrêssa Maria M. T. , Carneiro Samuel V. , Guimarães Diana J. S. , Zambelli Rafael A.
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

The potential of Plectranthus amboinicus aqueous extract (PAAE) to enhance the quality properties of wheat bread was investigated. PAAE was incorporated as an ingredient in bread formulations to improve shelf life.

Findings

The results indicate that the technological characteristics of bread formulations were enhanced with the inclusion of up to 75% PAAE. This enhancement led to increased specific volume and expansion properties. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated improved interaction between gluten and starch. PAAE exhibited potential in retarding bread hardening and preventing mold growth.

Conclusions

PAAE holds promise as a novel ingredient for use in baked products. Its inclusion in bread formulations significantly improved technological characteristics, including specific volume and color, and positively influenced the interaction between gluten and starch. Additionally, PAAE showed potential in extending the shelf life of bread and inhibiting fungal growth.

Significance and Novelty

This study is significant due to the introduction of a novel ingredient, PAAE, in the field of baking. The incorporation of this extract represents an innovation in the quest for improvements in the nutritional and technological properties of baked goods. The ability of PAAE to function as an antifungal agent holds great relevance for the food industry.
A case report of massive retrosternal goiter in a 54‐year‐old woman with symptoms of head and neck swelling and dyspnea
Authors: Sorouri Shahabaddin , Akbarianrad Samira , Naseri Maryam
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Anterior mediastinal mass often is serious and its diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation involving imaging studies, pathological analysis and consultation with a multidisciplinary team involving radiologist, thoracic surgeons, and oncologist.
Partial Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of 3‐Methylpiridine in Green Conditions by Nanotube/Nanowire Ti/TiO2 Plates Prepared in Aqueous, Glycerol, or Ethylene Glycol Medium
Authors: Çetinkaya Sıdıka , Özcan Levent , Palmisano Leonardo , Yurdakal Sedat
Published: May 2024

Nanotube/nanowire structured TiO2 samples on Ti plates were prepared by anodic oxidation in aqueous, glycerol or ethylene glycol medium under different experimental conditions and characterized by XRD, SEM‐EDX, electrochemical methods (photocurrent profiles and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The nanostructured TiO2 was built on relatively large Ti plates, and consequently, in some preparation conditions, different morphologic properties were observed in the underside and upside zones of the electrodes, especially in ethylene glycol medium. The electrodes were tested for selective photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 3‐methylpyridine to 3‐pyridinemethanol, 3‐pyridinemethanal and vitamin B3 in water under UVA irradiation. The best performance was found with the electrode prepared in ethylene glycol/water/NH4F (98/2/0.3 w/w) medium at 36 V potential for 3 h, while the worst was that prepared in aqueous medium which showed the shortest nanostructure length. Unlike photoelectrocatalysis and photocatalysis, no aromatic alcohol/carbonyl products were obtained in electrocatalytic and photolytic experiments. The selectivity values of the products were similar for the various electrodes, while the morphology of the nanotubes/nanowires and their quantity which affects the total active surface area were essential for the substrate conversion. The results also show that the photocurrent intensity, XRD peak intensity, and electrical conductivity are correlated with photoelectrocatalytic activity of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes.
The joint operation of five career indecision factors: A longitudinal examination
Authors: Xu Hui
Published: May 2024

While extensive research has explored the taxonomy of career indecision, a longitudinal examination of the joint operation of major indecision factors is lacking. Tracking a sample of US college students (n = 261) over three time points, the current study examined a mediation model involving lack of readiness, neuroticism/negative affectivity, interpersonal conflicts, need for information, and choice/commitment anxiety. The results showed that need for information mediated the positive predictions of lack of readiness and interpersonal conflicts for subsequent choice/commitment anxiety. However, neuroticism/negative affectivity did not predict need for information while controlling for lack of readiness and interpersonal conflicts. Therefore, the current study suggests that motivational and interpersonal barriers could undermine readiness for committing to a career direction because these barriers could impede information collection. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are deliberated along with its limitations and recommendations for future studies.
Catalytic Epoxidation of Carbonyl Compounds via Carbonyl Ylides: from Racemic to Enantioselective
Authors: Qi Lin‐Jun , Zhou Bo , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: May 2024

Transition metal‐catalyzed epoxidation of carbonyl compounds through carbonyl ylides represents a highly effective method for synthesizing a diverse range of valuable epoxides. This review offers an in‐depth overview of the latest developments in inter‐ and intramolecular epoxidation reactions involving metal carbenes and carbonyl compounds, encompassing both racemic to enantioselective transformations. These catalytic epoxidations are reviewed by highlighting their product selectivity, diversity and applicability, and the related mechanistic rationale is showcased where possible.
Self‐Assembled Bis‐Acridinium Tweezer Equilibria Controlled by Multi‐Responsive Properties
Authors: Hu Johnny , Launay Jean‐Pierre , Chaumont Alain , Heitz Valérie , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre
Published: May 2024

Protonated and methylated bis‐acridinium tweezers built around a 2,6‐diphenylpyridyl and an electron enriched 2,6‐di(p‐anisyl)pyridyl spacer have been synthesized. These tweezers can self‐assemble in their corresponding homodimers and the associated thermodynamic parameters have been probed in organic solvents. The switching properties of the tweezers have been exploited in biphasic transfer experiments showing the shift of the equilibria towards the homodimers. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters of the formation of the reduced methylated homodimers investigated by electrochemical experiments revealed the dissociation of the dimers. Thus, in addition to solvent and temperature, the pH and redox responsiveness of the acridinium units of the tweezers make it possible to modulate to a larger extent the monomer‐dimer equilibria.
Three Perovskite Phases with Different Cation Orders in Sm2MnMn(Mn4−xSbx)O12
Authors: Liang Xuan , Yamaura Kazunari , Belik Alexei A.
Published: May 2024

Cation order, which can be controlled by synthesis conditions and stoichiometry, plays an important role in properties of perovskite materials. Here we show that aliovalent doping by Sb5+ in Sm2MnMn(Mn4−xSbx)O12 quadruple perovskite solid solutions can control cation orders in both A and B sites. Samples with 0.4≤x≤2 were synthesized by a high‐pressure, high‐temperature method at 6 GPa and 1770 K. Three regions with different cation orders were found at 0.5≤x≤1.0, x=1.5–1.6, and x=1.8. The 0.5≤x≤1.0 compositions have a B‐site‐disordered and A‐site columnar‐ordered structure with space group P42/nmc; the x=1.5 and 1.6 samples have a B‐site rock‐salt‐ordered and A‐site columnar‐ordered structure with space group P42/n; the x=1.8 sample has a B‐site rock‐salt‐ordered and A‐site‐disordered structure with space group P21/n. All the samples show one ferrimagnetic transition: TC increases from 35 K to 73 K for 0.5≤x≤1.0, TC=81 K for x=1.5 and 1.6, and TC=53 K for x=1.8.
Where Does Fouling Occur in Individual Random Packing Elements? A Simulative Investigation
Authors: Xia Marc , Inderwies Korbinian , Klein Harald , Rehfeldt Sebastian
Published: May 2024

Fouling in columns is a persistent challenge in the chemical process industry, leading to decreased efficiency and increased operating costs. This paper presents an investigation into fouling behavior on individual random packing elements in packed columns using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how fouling grows and impacts the flow behavior, predicting areas susceptible to fouling and providing insights for improved design. The simulation results are validated against experimental results and show good agreement.
Divergent Protein Engineering of Transaminase for the Synthesis of Chiral Rivastigmine and Apremilast Precursors†
Authors: Tang Langyu , Yang Xinjie , Sun Ningning , Wu Guojiao , Wu Yuzhou , Zhong Fangrui
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive Summary

The implementation of divergent protein engineering on the natural transaminase Vf‐ω‐TA led to the development of two effective mutants (M2 and M8), enabling the enzymatic synthesis of chiral amine precursors of Rivastigmine and Apremilast, respectively. The evolution of the enzymes was guided by crystal structures and a focused mutagenesis strategy, allowing them to effectively address the challenging ketone substrates with significant steric hindrance. Under the optimized reaction parameters, transamination proceeded smoothly in good conversions and with perfect stereochemical control (> 99% ee). These processes utilize inexpensive α‐methylbenzylamine as an amine donor and avoid the continuous acetone removal and costly LDH/GDH/NADH systems.
Subsurface flow model for estimating 2D wetting pattern in drip irrigation
Authors: Reddy Kowkuntla Rama Krishna , Singh Vivekanand
Published: May 2024

Numerical model using 2D Richard’s equation in cylindrical polar coordinate system was developed to assess the soil wetting patterns in a drip irrigation system. A fully implicit finite‐difference scheme was used to solve equations with suitable initial and boundary conditions. The developed model was validated with an experimental result available in the literature, which shows a high level of concordance with low values of RMSE and R2 greater than 0.93 for all discharge rates. Furthermore, the versatility and applicability of the model were demonstrated for complex subsurface conditions considering homogeneous and heterogeneous soil profiles. Water ponding on the surface was observed in clay loam soil, contrasting with deep percolation in sandy loam soil. This underscores the significance of adjusting both discharge rate and irrigation frequency in accordance with prevailing soil conditions.
The mechanics of cilia and flagella: What we know and what we need to know
Authors: Lindemann Charles B. , Lesich Kathleen A.
Published: May 2024

In this review, we provide a condensed overview of what is currently known about the mechanical functioning of the flagellar/ciliary axoneme. We also present a list of 10 specific areas where our current knowledge is incomplete and explain the benefits of further experimental investigation. Many of the physical parameters of the axoneme and its component parts have not been determined. This limits our ability to understand how the axoneme structure contributes to its functioning in several regards. It restricts our ability to understand how the mechanics of the structure contribute to the regulation of motor function. It also confines our ability to understand the three‐dimensional workings of the axoneme and how various beating modes are accomplished. Lastly, it prevents accurate computational modeling of the axoneme in three‐dimensions.
The Importance of Spin‐Polarized Charge Reorganization in the Catalytic Activity of D‐Glucose Oxidase
Authors: Preeyanka Naupada , Zhu Qirong , Das Tapan Kumar , Naaman Ron
Published: May 2024

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Ron Naaman's group at the Weizmann Institute of Science. The image shows that direct electron transfer through GOx is governed by electron spins, which result from the chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202400033.
Recent Progress of Advanced AIE Materials for Visualization of 3‐Level Latent Fingerprints
Authors: Zhuang GuoXin , Wen YongLin , Lai XiangHui , Lin GuoSong , Zhuang ZanYong , Chen Fei‐Fei , Yu Yan
Published: May 2024

The 3‐level features of Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are pivotal in linking suspects with problematic or incomplete fingerprint data, constituting one of the most robust forms of evidence. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) materials, known for their heightened emissive properties in high aggregation states, provide a robust and powerful approach for developing techniques for 3‐level details of LFPs. So far, tremendous efforts have been devoted to solving high background fluorescence interference during the 3‐level LFPs visualization process. This review commences with an overview of 3‐level features and summarizes the interaction and mechanism of visualizing LFPs involving AIE materials and LFPs secretions. Moreover, it encompasses strategies to enhance the contrast and brightness of 3‐level LFPs images. We highlight the mechanism of AIE′s physicochemical properties and their effects on the visualization of 3‐level LFPs. Additionally, we provide insights into potential challenges and opportunities in this emerging field.
Trigger waves in an oscillator loop and their applications in voltage‐controlled oscillation with high tuning gain
Authors: Narahara Koichi
Published: May 2024

Trigger waves, propagating in a loop of a one‐dimensional lattice of tunnel‐diode (TD) oscillators, can be effectively applied to voltage‐controlled oscillation with high tuning gain. The lattice under investigation can generate both phase and trigger waves by varying the bias voltage to the TD. We demonstrate a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) achieving high tuning gain through the utilization of rotating trigger waves. As the loop size decreases, the trigger wave becomes bound to itself or to adjacent waves. At this point, the excitation motion of the individual lattice cell is constrained by the global interaction caused by the trigger wave(s), leading to coherent behavior. Consequently, the bifurcation curve of the trigger wave seamlessly connects to that of the phase wave with changes in the TD bias voltage. Owing to the trigger wave's property of significantly increasing velocity with the TD bias voltage, a VCO with very high tuning gain can be developed, leveraging the seamless dependence of the oscillation frequency on the TD bias voltage.
Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin‐modifying enzymes
Authors: Huang Jingyong , Zhu Zhenhu , Schlüter Dirk , Lambertsen Kate Lykke , Song Weihong , Wang Xu
Published: May 2024

Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin‐modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post‐translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis‐targeting chimera and deubiquitinase‐targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.
Melanocyte stem cells in the skin: Origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential
Authors: Huang Luling , Zuo Yuzhi , Li Shuli , Li Chunying
Published: May 2024

Melanocyte stem cells (MSCs), melanocyte lineage‐specific skin stem cells derived from the neural crest, are observed in the mammalian hair follicle, the epidermis or the sweat gland. MSCs differentiate into mature melanin‐producing melanocytes, which confer skin and hair pigmentation and uphold vital skin functions. In controlling and coordinating the homeostasis, repair and regeneration of skin tissue, MSCs play a vital role. Decreased numbers or impaired functions of MSCs are closely associated with the development and therapy of many skin conditions, such as hair graying, vitiligo, wound healing and melanoma. With the advancement of stem cell technology, the relevant features of MSCs have been further elaborated. In this review, we provide an exhaustive overview of cutaneous MSCs and highlight the latest advances in MSC research. A better understanding of the biological characteristics and micro‐environmental regulatory mechanisms of MSCs will help to improve clinical applications in regenerative medicine, skin pigmentation disorders and cancer therapy.

Key points

This review provides a concise summary of the origin, biological characteristics, homeostatic maintenance and therapeutic potential of cutaneous MSCs.

The role and potential application value of MSCs in skin pigmentation disorders are discussed.

The significance of single‐cell RNA sequencing, CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and practical models in MSCs research is highlighted.
Lateral heterogeneity of basin‐plain turbidites of the Cloridorme Formation, Quebec, Canada: Implications for horizontal well prediction
Authors: Jobe Zane , Seckinger Chance , Martin Thomas , Kus Kaci , Pettinga Luke
Published: May 2024

Facies models for basin‐plain turbidite systems often depict very simplistic event‐bed geometries that are tabular at the kilometre scale. However, recent studies have demonstrated more complex facies architectures, including rapid changes in event‐bed thickness and facies composition. This lateral event‐bed heterogeneity can have a significant impact on reservoir heterogeneity prediction in basin‐plain turbidite systems developed for hydrocarbon production, carbon sequestration or geothermal energy. Coastal outcrops on the Gaspé Peninsula in Quebec expose the Middle Ordovician Cloridorme Formation, a synorogenic ‘flysch’ turbidite system developed in the Taconic foreland basin. The formation is interpreted to occupy a basin‐floor position due to long‐distance (tens of kilometres) correlations of bedsets in the direction of palaeocurrent. This outcrop‐based study of the Cloridorme Formation utilises drone photogrammetry, centimetre‐scale graphic logs and handheld gamma ray scintillometry data to better understand the detailed turbidite and hybrid event‐bed architecture in a basin‐plain setting. While most beds in this outcrop study can be traced for 500 m or more in a downcurrent direction, these results indicate significant intra‐bed and inter‐bed lateral complexity, including changes in bed thickness, grain‐size distribution and mud content. The quantification of these lateral changes and comparison with other well‐constrained outcrop analogues refines the environment of the Cloridorme Formation and aids in the prediction of subsurface heterogeneity in conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir systems through reservoir model parameterisation, as well as the characterisation of lateral heterogeneity important for horizontal‐well geosteering and completion strategies.
Global richness patterns of alpine genus Gentiana depend on multiple factors
Authors: Wai Thae Hnin , Liang Xin , Xie Huanhuan , Liu Lian , Pan Yingji , Xu Ying , Zhao Lina , Xu Xiaoting
Published: May 2024

Environmental factors impact species richness differently across taxonomic groups, and understanding the geographic patterns and drivers influencing alpine plant richness remains limited. This study compiled global distribution data of 404 species of Gentiana, an alpine genus, and analyzed the relative effects of different environmental factors and several previously proposed models on the variation of Gentiana richness. By evaluating the effects of range size and regions on the relationships between Gentiana richness and environmental factors, we found that all tested environmental factors had weak effects on richness variation for all species and wide‐ranging species, while habitat heterogeneity was the best predictor for narrow‐ranging species. Habitat heterogeneity was the main driver of richness variation in Europe and Asia, but not in North America. The multiple regression model that included variables for energy, water, seasonality, habitat heterogeneity and past climate change had the highest explanatory power, but it still explained less than 50% of the variation in species richness for all Gentiana species at both global and regional scale, except for Europe. The limited explanatory power of environmental factors in explaining species richness patterns for all species, along with the variations observed among regions, suggest that other factors, such as evolutionary processes and biogeographic history may have also influenced the geographic patterns of Gentiana species richness. In conclusion, our results indicate a limited influence of climate factors on alpine species richness, while habitat heterogeneity, along with its impacts on speciation and dispersal, likely play significant roles in shaping the richness of alpine Gentiana species.
Predicting 1 year readmission for heart failure: A comparative study of machine learning and the LACE index
Authors: Song Xuewu , Tong Yitong , Xian Feng , Luo Yi , Tong Rongsheng
Published: May 2024

Aims

There is a lack of tools for accurately identifying the risk of readmission for heart failure in elderly patients with arrhythmia. The aim of this study was to establish and compare the performance of the LACE [length of stay (‘L’), acute (emergent) admission (‘A’), Charlson comorbidity index (‘C’) and visits to the emergency department during the previous 6 months (‘E’)] index and machine learning in predicting 1 year readmission for heart failure in elderly patients with arrhythmia.

Methods

Elderly patients with arrhythmia who were hospitalized at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between 1 June 2018 and 31 May 2020 were enrolled. The LACE index was calculated for each patient, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated. Six machine learning algorithms, combined with three variable selection methods and clinically relevant features available at the time of hospital discharge, were used to develop machine learning models. AUROC and area under the precision–recall curve (AUPRC) were used to assess discrimination. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis was used to explain the contributions of the features.

Results

A total of 523 patients were enrolled, and 108 patients experienced 1 year hospital readmission for heart failure. The AUROC of the LACE index was 0.5886. The complete machine learning model had the best predictive performance, with an AUROC of 0.7571 and an AUPRC of 0.4096. The most important predictors for 1 year readmission were educational level, total triiodothyronine (TT3), aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), number of medications (NOM) and triglyceride (TG) level.

Conclusions

Compared with the LACE index, the machine learning model can accurately identify the risk of 1 year readmission for heart failure in elderly patients with arrhythmia.
From virus to immune system: Harnessing membrane‐derived vesicles to fight COVID‐19 by interacting with biological molecules
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Xiao Haiqing , Zhang Chang , Liu Gang , Liu Xuan
Published: May 2024

Emerging and re‐emerging viral pandemics have emerged as a major public health concern. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses, which cause severe respiratory disease, threaten human health and socioeconomic development. Great efforts are being devoted to the development of safe and efficacious therapeutic agents and preventive vaccines to combat them. Nevertheless, the highly mutated virus poses a challenge to drug development and vaccine efficacy, and the use of common immunomodulatory agents lacks specificity. Benefiting from the burgeoning intersection of biological engineering and biotechnology, membrane‐derived vesicles have shown superior potential as therapeutics due to their biocompatibility, design flexibility, remarkable bionics, and inherent interaction with phagocytes. The interactions between membrane‐derived vesicles, viruses, and the immune system have emerged as a new and promising topic. This review provides insight into considerations for developing innovative antiviral strategies and vaccines against SARS‐CoV‐2. First, membrane‐derived vesicles may provide potential biomimetic decoys with a high affinity for viruses to block virus‐receptor interactions for early interruption of infection. Second, membrane‐derived vesicles could help achieve a balanced interplay between the virus and the host's innate immunity. Finally, membrane‐derived vesicles have revealed numerous possibilities for their employment as vaccines.
Seizure and movement disorder in CACNA1E developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: Two sides of the same coin or same side of two different coins?
Authors: Di Micco Valentina , Affronte Leonardo , Khinchi Marianne Søndergaard , Rønde Gitte , Miranda Maria Jose , Hammer Trine Bjørg , Specchio Nicola , Beniczky Sándor , Olofsson Kern , Møller Rikke S. , Gardella Elena
Published: May 2024

Pathogenic variants in CACNA1E are associated with early‐onset epileptic and developmental encephalopathy (DEE). Severe to profound global developmental delay, early‐onset refractory seizures, severe hypotonia, and macrocephaly are the main clinical features. Patients harboring the recurrent CACNA1E variant p.(Gly352Arg) typically present with the combination of early‐onset DEE, dystonia/dyskinesia, and contractures. We describe a 2‐year‐and‐11‐month‐old girl carrying the p.(Gly352Arg) CACNA1E variant. She has a severe DEE with very frequent drug‐resistant seizures, profound hypotonia, and episodes of dystonia and dyskinesia. Long‐term video‐EEG‐monitoring documented subsequent tonic asymmetric seizures during wakefulness and mild paroxysmal dyskinesias of the trunk out of sleep which were thought to be a movement disorder and instead turned out to be focal hyperkinetic seizures. This is the first documented description of the EEG findings in this disorder. Our report highlights a possible overlap between cortical and subcortical phenomena in CACNA1E‐DEE. We also underline how a careful electro‐clinical evaluation might be necessary for a correct discernment between the two disorders, playing a fundamental role in the clinical assessment and proper management of children with CACNA1E‐DEE.
Relation between soil glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature in different climatic regions in China
Authors: Zhang Can , Sun Xiaoshuang , Leng Chengcheng , Yan Tianlong , Jin Miao , Liu Jinliang
Published: May 2024

Temperature variation in the past periods can provide valuable insights into the characteristics and driving mechanisms of current global warming and future changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are commonly used to as a temperature proxy to quantitatively reconstruct past temperature changes. However, it still remains unclear whether the relation between brGDGTs and temperature is influenced by other environmental factors, thereby affecting the accuracy of quantitative reconstructions. A comprehensive analysis of the relation between brGDGTs and temperature across various climate regions can greatly enhance the accuracy of reconstructing past temperature changes. Here, we investigate the distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs using 28 new topsoils collected from altitudes ranging from 2100 to 4000 m.a.s.l. in the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), compiled previously published soil brGDGT data in China. Our results reveal distinct distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs between humid and arid regions. Furthermore, we further investigated the correlation between brGDGT indices and various environmental factors from both altitudinal and regional scales. At the altitudinal scale, brGDGT indices exhibit a stronger correlation with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in alkaline soils (pH > 7) than that in acidic soils (pH < 7). At the regional scale, this correlation is higher in alkaline soils than that in acidic soils as well and is stronger in humid soils (mean annual precipitation [MAP] > 800 mm) than that in semi‐humid and semi‐arid soil (400 < MAP < 800 mm) and arid soil (MAP < 400 mm). In addition, brGDGT‐inferred temperature is more affected by MAP in humid alkaline soils but less affected in humid acidic soils. Therefore, caution is needed to use suitable brGDGT index for palaeotemperature reconstructions in various climate regions.
Amyloid‐β in Alzheimer's disease: Structure, toxicity, distribution, treatment, and prospects
Authors: Yu Yifan , Yu Shilong , Battaglia Giuseppe , Tian Xiaohe
Published: May 2024

Amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a pivotal biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD), attracting considerable attention from numerous researchers. There is uncertainty regarding whether clearing Aβ is beneficial or harmful to cognitive function. This question has been a central topic of research, especially given the lack of success in developing Aβ‐targeted drugs for AD. However, with the Food and Drug Administration's approval of Lecanemab as the first anti‐Aβ medication in July 2023, there is a significant shift in perspective on the potential of Aβ as a therapeutic target for AD. In light of this advancement, this review aims to illustrate and consolidate the molecular structural attributes and pathological ramifications of Aβ. Furthermore, it elucidates the determinants influencing its expression levels while delineating the gamut of extant Aβ‐targeted pharmacotherapies that have been subjected to clinical or preclinical evaluation. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis is presented, dissecting the research landscape of Aβ across the domains above, culminating in the presentation of informed perspectives. Concluding reflections contemplate the supplementary advantages conferred by nanoparticle constructs, conceptualized within the framework of multivalent theory, within the milieu of AD diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, supplementing conventional modalities.
Green silver nanoparticles: Prospective nanotools against neurodegenerative cell line model
Authors: De Matteis Valeria , Martano Simona , Pellegrino Paolo , Ingrosso Chiara , Costa Daniele , Mazzotta Stefano , Toca‐Herrera Jose L. , Rinaldi Rosaria , Cascione Mariafrancesca
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases represent an increasingly burdensome challenge of the past decade, primarily driven by the global aging of the population. Ongoing efforts focus on implementing diverse strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of neurodegeneration, with the goal of decelerating the pathology progression. Notably, in recent years, it has emerged that the use of nanoparticles (NPs), particularly those obtained through green chemical processes, could constitute a promising therapeutic approach. Green NPs, exclusively sourced from phytochemicals, are deemed safer compared to NPs synthetized through conventional chemical route. In this study, the effects of green chemistry‐derived silver NPs (AgNPs) were assessed in neuroblastoma cells, SHSY‐5Y, which are considered a pivotal model for investigating neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we used two different concentrations (0.5 and 1 µM) of AgNPs and two time points (24 and 48 h) to evaluate the impact on neuroblastoma cells by observing viability reduction and intracellular calcium production, especially using 1 µM at 48 h. Furthermore, investigation using atomic force microscopy (AFM) unveiled an alteration in Young's modulus due to the reorganization of cortical actin following exposure to green AgNPs. This evidence was further corroborated by confocal microscopy acquisitions as well as coherency and density analyses on actin fibers. Our in vitro findings suggest the potential efficacy of green AgNPs against neurodegeneration; therefore, further in vivo studies are imperative to optimize possible therapeutic protocols.
Recent progress and perspective on electrocatalysis in neutral media: Mechanisms, materials, and advanced characterizations
Authors: Lai Fayuan , Shang Haochuan , Jiao Yuchao , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Tianran , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: May 2024

Electrocatalysis, which involves oxidation and reduction reactions with direct electron transfer, is essential for a variety of clean energy conversion devices. Currently, the vast majority of studies regarding electrocatalysis reactions focus on strong acidic or alkaline media because of the higher catalytic activity. Nevertheless, some inherent drawbacks, including the corrosive environment, expensive proton exchange membranes, and side effects, are still hard to break through. A sustainably promising way to overcome these shortcomings is to deploy neutral/near‐neutral electrolytes for electrocatalysis reactions. Unfortunately, insufficient research in this area due to the lack of attention to related issues has slowed down the development process. In this review, we systematically review the catalytic reaction mechanisms, neutral electrolytes, electrocatalysts, and modification strategies carried out in neutral media on the three most common electrocatalytic reactions, that is, hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, and oxygen evolution reaction. Furthermore, the advanced characterization tools for guiding catalyst synthesis and mechanistic studies are also summarized. Eventually, we propose some challenges and perspectives on electrocatalysis reactions in neutral media and hope it will attract more research interest and provide guidance in neutral electrocatalysis.
Incorporation of sediment- and soil-specific aspects in the Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED)
Authors: Casado-Martinez MCarmen , Dell'Ambrogio Gilda , Campiche Sophie , Kroll Alexandra , Lauber Eva , Marti-Roura Mireia , Mendez-Fernandez Leire , Renaud Mathieu , Tierbach Alena , Wildi Michel , Wong Janine W. Y. , Werner Inge , Junghans Marion , Ferrari Benoit J. D.
Published: May 2024

In environmental risk assessment either for registration purposes or for retrospective assessments of monitoring data, the hazard assessment is predominantly based on effect data from ecotoxicity studies. Most regulatory frameworks require studies used for risk assessment to be evaluated for reliability and relevance. Historically, the Klimisch methodology was used in many regulatory procedures where reliability needed to be evaluated. More recently, the Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED) have been developed for aquatic ecotoxicity studies, providing more detailed guidance on the evaluation and reporting of not only the reliability but also the relevance of a scientific study. Here, we discuss the application of the CRED methodology for assessing sediment and soil ecotoxicity studies, addressing important sediment- and soil-specific criteria that should be included as part of the CRED evaluation system. We also provide detailed recommendations for the design and reporting of sediment and soil toxicity studies that can be used by scientists and researchers wishing to contribute ecotoxicological data for effect assessments carried out within regulatory frameworks. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2162–2174. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

Key Points

The Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED) have been adapted to help risk assessors in assessing the relevance and reliability of soil and sediment ecotoxicity studies. Detailed recommendations for the design and reporting of sediment and soil ecotoxicity studies are provided that can be used by scientists and researchers wishing to contribute ecotoxicological data for effect assessments carried out within regulatory frameworks.
Single‐cell profiling reveals the metastasis‐associated immune signature of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Deyuan , Shi Ying , Ma Wenzhe , Liang Yuxin , Liu Hanjie , Qin Yingying , Zhang Lu , Yang Qinyan , Huang Xiaolun , Lu Yuanjun , Shang Jin
Published: May 2024

Aim

Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The metastasis‐associated immune signature in HCC is worth exploring.

Methods

Bioinformatic analysis was conducted based on the single‐cell transcriptome data derived from HCC patients in different stages. Cellular composition, pseudotime state transition, and cell–cell interaction were further analyzed and verified.

Results

Generally, HCC with metastasis exhibited suppressive immune microenvironment, while HCC without metastasis exhibited active immune microenvironment. Concretely, effector regulatory T cells (eTregs) were found to be enriched in HCC with metastasis. PHLDA1 was identified as one of exhaustion‐specific genes and verified to be associated with worse prognosis in HCC patients. Moreover, A novel cluster of CCR7+ dendritic cells (DCs) was identified with high expression of maturation and migration marker genes. Pseudotime analysis showed that inhibition of differentiation occurred in CCR7+ DCs rather than cDC1 in HCC with metastasis. Furthermore, interaction analysis showed that the reduction of CCR7+ DCs lead to impaired CCR7/CCL19 interaction in HCC with metastasis.

Conclusions

HCC with metastasis exhibited upregulation of exhaustion‐specific genes of eTregs and inhibition of CCL signal of a novel DC cluster, which added new dimensions to the immune landscape and provided new immune therapeutic targets in advanced HCC.
Bioinformatics investigation of adaptive immune‐related genes in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis: Characteristics and diagnostic values
Authors: Yin Jingju , Fang Youran , Liao Yunyang , Chen Zhe , Liu Shaofeng , Zhu Hanghang , Song Kun , Shi Bin
Published: May 2024

Background

Peri‐implantitis and periodontitis have similar immunological bioprocesses and inflammatory phenotypes. In the inflammatory process, the adaptive immune cells can drive the development of disease. This research investigated the differences and diagnostic significance of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis in adaptive immune responses.

Methods

We acquired four GEO datasets of gene expressions in surrounding tissues in healthy person, healthy implant, periodontitis, and peri‐implantitis patients. The structural characteristics and enrichment analyses of differential expression genes were examined. The adaptive immune landscapes in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis were then evaluated using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to identify adaptive hub genes, and the ROC curve was used to verify them. Finally, qRT‐PCR method was used to verify the expression level of Hub gene in activated T cells on the titanium‐containing or titanium‐free culture plates.

Results

At the transcriptome level, the data of healthy implant, peri‐implantitis and periodontitis were highly dissimilar. The peri‐implantitis and periodontitis both exhibited adaptive immune response. Except for the activated CD4+T cells, there was no significant difference in other adaptive immune cells between peri‐implantitis and periodontitis. In addition, correlation analysis showed that CD53, CYBB, and PLEK were significantly positively linked with activated CD4+T cells in the immune microenvironment of peri‐implantitis, making them effective biomarkers to differentiate it from periodontitis.

Conclusions

Peri‐implantitis has a uniquely immunogenomic landscape that differs from periodontitis. This study provides new insights and ideas into the activated CD4+T cells and hub genes that underpin the immunological bioprocess of peri‐implantitis.
The development of anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibody following severe COVID‐19
Authors: Roghani Seyed Askar , Dastbaz Mohammad , Lotfi Ramin , Shamsi Afsaneh , Abdan Zahra , Rostampour Rezvan , Soleymani Bijan , Zamanian Mohammad Hossein , Soufivand Parviz , Pournazari Mehran , Taghadosi Mahdi
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The dysregulated immune response is one of the cardinal features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). This study was conducted to clarify the occurrence of autoantibodies (AABs) associated with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) in hospitalized patients with a moderate, severe, and critical form of COVID‐19.

Methods

The serum samples obtained from 176 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients were investigated in this study, including patients with moderate (N = 90), severe (N = 50), and critical (N = 36) forms of COVID‐19. Also, the serum samples collected from healthy subjects before the COVID‐19 pandemic were used as controls (N = 176). The antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), antidouble‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA), cytoplasmic‐anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c‐ANCA), perinuclear ANCA (p‐ANCA), antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), and anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) occurrence was evaluated using a solid‐phase enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

The results showed that the occurrence of ANAs, anti‐dsDNA, anti‐CCP, c‐ANCA, and p‐ANCA was significantly higher in the COVID‐19 patients compared to serum obtained from healthy subjects (p < .0001, p < .0001, p < .0001, p < .05, and p < .001, respectively). The positive number of anti‐CCP tests increased significantly in severe COVID‐19 compared to the moderate group (p < .01).

Conclusion

Our study further supports the development of autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatologic diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with a large sample size that reported the occurrence of anti‐CCP in a severe form of COVID‐19.