bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Burhan Wani to Abhi Nandan: A Comparative Analysis of India and Pakistan’s Newspaper coverage of Kashmir Conflict
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Khan Azmat
Published: February 2020

This paper compares the coverage of Kashmir Conflict in four English language dailies: two from Pakistan; DAWN and The Nation, and two from India; ‘The HINDU’ and ‘Times of India’ by employing Galtung’s Model of Peace Journalism (Galtung, 1986; 1998) and Lynch & McGoldrick’s (2005) Two-Sided Conflict Model. The study pursues two research questions; is the coverage of these newspaper war or peace- oriented, and do they report Kashmir Conflict through Two-Party (Pak-India) or Multi- Party lenses. For data sources, seven major recent events; Burhan Wani’s killing (2016), Uri Attack, Indian Surgical Strikes, Pulwama Attack, Balakot Airstrike, and Abhi Nandan’s Capture and Release (2019) were chosen. A total of 56 stories, one lead story and one editorial from each newspaper about every event, were collected. Each story was evaluated according to Galtung’s 19 indicators; nine War, nine Peace and one Neutral, and accordingly categorized. The analysis revealed that DAWN had the highest (46.15%) peace-oriented coverage while The HINDU was second with only 23% peace content. In the war category, The Nation scored the highest (100%) while the Times of India was found second (92.85%). No story could qualify for the neutral category. Overall, the coverage of these newspapers was found grossly (81.13%) war- oriented. Moreover, in the coverage of the Kashmir Conflict, the media succumb to the Two-Sided Model, projecting Pakistani and Indian states as the only legitimate parties while Kashmiris are portrayed as mere passive victims. These newspapers also focus only on visible effects and heavily rely on elite positions. The purpose of this study was to examine how much Peace Journalism–being reasonably advocated throughout the last decade in the Subcontinent–has changed the attitude of our media towards peace reporting.
Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia by David Harris
Authors: Javaid Mudassar
Published: February 2020

In the book titled Civil War and Democracy in West Africa: Conflict Resolution Elections and Justice in Sierra Leone and Liberia, author David Harris comprehensively exemplifies how in the twenty-first century, elections are viewed and used as determinants in post-conflict settings. The author builds on the aforementioned argument while generally tracing the development of conflict resolution in Africa during the post-Cold War era, but while dedicating distinct attention to such developments in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Through the case studies of the two West African states i.e. Sierra Leone and Liberia, the author critically analyzes the emphasize accorded to the role of elections as the core of conflict termination and how the failure to participate in elections leaves states consequences which are completely uncalled for. The author lays substantial stress on questioning the role of the international community in strengthening the significance of post-conflict elections and conceptions of transitional justice, especially the emergence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) generally, alongside the emergence of ad hoc hybrid systems such as the Sierra Leone Special Court (SLSC) particularly. The author does not just illustrate a vivid picture of the literature on contemporary conflict resolution more broadly but does so specifically in relation to the African continent and the emergence of the new war notion in respect of Africa's various intra-state conflicts. Harris, in this account also provides a detailed portrayal of thematic considerations and developments in relation to the conflict in Africa, exploring the ideas of ethnicity and motivation such as greed vs grievance debate. Although the main focus of this book is conflict resolution and democratization, the study of elections as the converging point which serves as the intersection of local actors, international bodies and post-conflict elections constitutes the central thematic underpinning of the book.
US Strategic Propensity towards India in Perspective of Nuclear Bonding: Security Apprehensions for South Asian Region and Pakistan
Authors: Jahangir Asifa , Khan Furqan
Published: February 2020

The Indo-US strategic bonding is shifting the security dynamics of the South Asian balance-of-power in Indian favour. From the signing of 123 US-India Nuclear Deal to the facilitation in becoming a member of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), the US has clearly designated India as an instrumental element in the American grand strategy of devising a ‘new world order’. As a result, India has grabbed the opportunity of alleviating its status as a credible regional and global power. In this regard, the US tilt towards India is significantly paving grounds for a strategic imbalance in the South Asian region, thus creating challenges for Pakistan. Therefore, this paper argues that the growing bonhomie between the US and India is a destabilizing factor in the region which reinforces Pakistan’s fast falling into the Chinese orbit; thereby cementing the old friendship into a new strategic partnership. This dynamic certainly gives China and Pakistan an incentive to work together so as to keep the value of Pakistan’s nuclear deterrence alive. In an effort to expand the horizon on the subject, the paper is dedicated to critically examine the existing cooperation between India and the US while equally foreseeing the possible implications for the region in the face of such destabilizing cooperation. More importantly, based on qualitative data, this paper explores how Indo-US strategic partnership is directly impacting Pakistan and its strategic partnership with China; thereby explaining how the growing relationship between the US and India has undermined the traditional balance-of-power in the South Asian region?
The Al-Qaeda Revival in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Zahid Farhan
Published: February 2020

Pakistan remains a country of vital importance for Al-Qaeda. It is primarily because of Al-Qaeda’s advent, rise and shelter and not to mention the support the terrorist organization found at the landscape of Pakistan during the last two decades. The emergence of in Pakistan can be traced back to the Afghan War (1979-89), with a brief sabbatical in Sudan the Islamist terrorist group rose to gain prominence after shifting back to Afghanistan. It then became a global ‘Islamist’ terrorist entity while based in neighboring Afghanistan and found safe havens in the erstwhile tribal areas of Pakistan in the aftermath of the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Prior to its formation in 1988 in Peshawar (Pakistan), it had worked as Maktab al-Khidmat (Services Bureau) during the Afghan War.2 It had its roots in Pakistan, which had become a transit point of extremists en route to Afghanistan during the War. All high profile Al-Qaeda leaders, later becoming high-value targets, and members of its central Shura had lived in Pakistan at one point in their lives. That is the very reason the Al-Qaeda in Pakistan is termed as Al-Qaeda Core or Central among law enforcement practitioners and intelligence communities. Without going into details of Al-Qaeda’s past in Pakistan the aim of this article is to focus on its current state of affairs and what future lies ahead of it in Pakistan.
Embodied Uses of Electronic Bilingual Dictionaries
Authors: Hauser Eric
Published: February 2020

Electronic bilingual dictionaries are widely used among university students in East Asia. There is a small body of research, based on questionnaires or experiments or both, on their use and effectiveness, but with one exception, research has not been focussed on the details of actual dictionary use. Drawing on conversation analysis, the current study presents analyses of students’ embodied use of electronic dictionaries during second language English discussions. It is shown that (a) the layout of items on the screen is a resource for recognition, (b) there is an orientation to dictionary ownership, (c) the configuration of objects and bodies is consequential for how dictionaries are used, (d) manipulation of a dictionary can be interactionally significant, and (e) there is not a strong normative element to how dictionaries should be consulted. It is argued that dictionaries are used to accomplish a variety of objectives unlikely to be revealed through questionnaire or experimental research.

電子辞書は、東アジアの大学生の間に広く普及している。これまで、アンケートや実験の結果に基づいた電子辞書の効果と使用状況についての報告はいくつかあるが、実際の辞書使用を詳細に分析した研究はほとんど見られない。本論文は、第二言語としての英語ディスカッションに見られる学生の電子辞書の具現化された使い方を、会話分析を使って詳細に示す。分析では、以下の点について提示する：（a）電子辞書画面上に表示される画像・文字が認識のリソースになること、（b）辞書の所有権に対する意識が見られること、（c）辞書使用に関して、物と身体の配置が重要であること、（d）辞書の操作が相互行為的な意味を持つ可能性があること、（e）辞書の使用について、それほど強い規範的な志向性がみられないこと。これらの分析に基づいて、アンケートや実験に基づく従来の研究では観察されなかった多様な目的の辞書使用の実態を論じる。
Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis of Discourse Markers Used by Nonnative and Native English Speakers
Authors: Shimada Kazunari
Published: February 2020

In this study, the use of discourse markers (DMs) in the speech of Japanese learners of English was investigated. To explore the features of their DM use, corpora of nonnative and native English speakers’ speech were analysed using the methodology called Contrastive Interlanguage Analysis. A frequency analysis of DMs revealed significant differences between Japanese learners’ and native speakers’ speech, supporting earlier findings. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the learner corpus data suggest that Japanese learners may use the marker so more frequently than other nonnative English learners, while also using certain interpersonal or cognitive function markers such as you know, I mean, and just less frequently. The findings suggest the need for language instructors and materials writers to understand the characteristics of Japanese learners’ interlanguage and to provide them with appropriately designed DM input.

本研究は、日本人英語学習者の話し言葉における談話標識（discourse markers: DMs）の使用を調べたものである。日本人英語学習者のDMs使用の特徴を探るために、対照中間言語分析の手法に基づき、非英語母語話者と英語母語話者の話し言葉コーパスを分析した。まず、日本人英語学習者と英語母語話者の話し言葉におけるDMsの使用頻度を分析したところ、先行研究と同じく、大きな差が見られた。次に、非英語母語話者の話し言葉を量的・質的の両面で分析した結果、日本人英語学習者が、他の非英語母語話者に比べてsoを多く使用し、you know, I mean, justなどの対人関係的、認知的機能をもつDMsをあまり使用しないことが明らかになった。その結果は、教師や教材作成者が日本人英語学習者の中間言語の特徴を理解し、学習者に対して慎重にDMsをインプットしていく必要性があることを示唆している。
ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL WORKLOAD OF FLIGHT ATTENDANTS BASED ON FLIGHT DURATION: AN EFFORT TO PROVIDE SAFE WORKING CONDITION
Authors: Widyanti Ari , Firdaus Maisarah
Published: February 2020

Flight attendants play a crucial role in the service of the airline industry. The aim of this present study is to examine the mental workload of flight attendants, and it possible relation to the flight duration. Two hundred and one Indonesian flight attendants participate voluntarily in this study by filling out a mental workload questionnaire, the NASA-TLX questionnaire, in the end of their flight schedule. Results show that the mental workload of flight attendants regardless the flight duration is on a range of medium mental workload. Based on flight duration, the optimal mental workload is for 1–2 hours of flight. Implications of the result are discussed.
Distorsions et dilemmes du système performatif de l’aide internationale au développement
Authors: Naëlou Anne Le , Hofmann Elisabeth , Kojoué Larissa
Published: February 2020

Entre ambitions croissantes attribuées à l’aide internationale et ressources limitées pour les réaliser, les injonctions normatives et performatives, répétées par les bailleurs et les organisations internationales, n’ont jamais été aussi prégnantes. Les dilemmes posés par la mise en œuvre, souvent assidue, de ces prescriptions par les différents acteurs de l’aide internationale n’en restent pas moins cornéliens. L’adaptation aux normes entraîne une harmonisation, une technicisation et une automatisation des procédures et des pratiques professionnelles. Dans le même temps, chaque acteur cherche à faire ressortir une spécificité, une capacité à innover dans un contexte particulièrement concurrentiel. Malgré des critiques sans cesse renouvelées, et les distorsions dont il fait l’objet, le modèle du système de l’aide internationale, étudié ici sous l’angle d’une sociologie politique, paraît loin de s’essouffler.
« Cette farine donne du fer »
Authors: Tinturier Zoé
Published: February 2020

Cet article fait l’analyse d’un programme de lutte contre la malnutrition lancé à Madagascar en 1997 par des acteurs du monde scientifique, industriel et de l’aide internationale. Les données ont été récoltées à partir de trois enquêtes de terrains réalisées de 2015 à 2018 sur la réalisation de ce programme. Cet article cherche à cerner les effets de l’adoption d’outils de gestion provenant du secteur marchand dans ce programme d’aide. Il insiste sur les contraintes objectives et les rapports de dépendance qui réorientent l’action des ONG vers un public solvable.
Wired for Success: Stimulating Excitement in Nursing Through a Summer Camp
Authors: Daumer Ruth Dankanich , Britson Vickie
Published: February 2020

The seriousness of the nursing shortage has been addressed by both the public and professional media. The literature documents substantial support for strategies that focus on increasing the enrollment in nursing education programs and/or sustaining practice environments that contribute to higher nurse retention rates. A nursing camp is an example of an innovative strategy to stimulate excitement in a nursing career, and thus potentially limit the severity of the nursing shortage. The camp helps high school students enhance their discernment about being “wired” for nursing; learn selected basic nursing skills; job shadow; interact with current nursing students and practicing nurses; and develop themselves as educated consumers of information about nursing education programs and financial assistance for college. This article details the development and implementation of a summer residential nursing camp and describes associated outcomes for both the students and the nursing program.
Criminal Background Checks: Necessary Admission Criteria?
Authors: Burns Kenneth , Frank-Stromborg Marilyn , Teytelman Yan , Herren Jay Denver
Published: February 2020

The issues that nursing school admissions staff may face in evaluating potential students’ criminal backgrounds are discussed. There has been a trend to require criminal background checks for health care professionals throughout the United States related to taking the NCLEX-RN
®
and securing employment in health care agencies. The majority of state boards of nursing are now requiring criminal background checks on potential licensees. Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to perform criminal background checks rests with individual schools. While admitting students without performing criminal background checks could, in some cases, lead to undesirable consequences and injure the reputation of the school and the nursing profession, denying admission to otherwise qualified applicants because of certain past criminal infractions could exclude potentially well-qualified students. This article offers guidelines for nursing programs that choose to perform background checks.
An Approach to Simulation Program Development
Authors: Seropian Michael A. , Brown Kimberly , Gavilanes Jesika Samuelson , Driggers Bonnie
Published: February 2020

Simulation education is becoming increasingly popular. Many institutions and programs find themselves in a situation where they have an identified need for the simulation education but few resources to reference. Most programs purchase first and ask questions later, leaving faculty with equipment with which they are unfamiliar and few, if any, resources to contact. Developing a simulation program involves more steps than one would think. Developing a vision and business plan are paramount. Only with a well-developed business plan will decision maker buy-in occur. Consideration must also be given to facility construction or renovation, equipment purchase, faculty development and training, and most important, curriculum development. These steps are not intuitive. This article describes these steps in a concise and manageable way and is intended to serve as a template that hopefully will increase the likelihood of developing successful and efficient simulation education programs.
Computerized Patient Model and Simulated Clinical Experiences: Evaluation With Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Feingold Carol E. , Calaluce Margaret , Kallen Michael A.
Published: February 2020

This study evaluated student and faculty member perceptions regarding the use of a computerized universal patient simulator (Laerdal
™
SimMan
™
Universal Patient Simulator) in a simulated clinical scenario. Students who used SimMan in clinical simulation activities in this baccalaureate program during two consecutive semesters were surveyed using a 20-item tool scored on a 4-point Likert scale. Four faculty members were surveyed using a 17-item tool with the same response scale.

The majority of the student sample consisted of Anglo women between ages 22 and 36. Survey items related to the reality of the simulations, the pace and flow of the clinical simulation, the ability to transfer skills learned to actual clinical settings, and the value of the simulated clinical experiences. Faculty members were also surveyed related to resource issues.

Descriptive statistics were used to analyze survey responses. The majority of the students and faculty members identified the simulations as realistic and valuable. However, only approximately half of the students agreed that the skills learned in the clinical simulation would transfer to a real clinical setting, compared to 100% of the faculty. Faculty members reported that implementing the simulated clinical scenario required additional time and resources.
Nursing Faculty Members’ Perceptions, Knowledge, and Concerns About Students with Disabilities
Authors: Sowers Jo-Ann , Smith Martha R.
Published: February 2020

This study surveyed nursing program faculty about their perceptions, knowledge, and concerns regarding nursing students with disabilities. Surveys were completed by 88 faculty members in eight programs. Faculty members rated the extent to which they perceived that individuals with different types of disabilities had the ability to be nursing students and professionals; their level of knowledge about how to teach and accommodate students with disabilities; and their level of concern regarding nursing students with disabilities. On a scale from 1 (strong agreement) to 6 (strong disagreement), faculty members’ mean ratings of the ability of individuals with disabilities to be successful nursing students and professionals, were 3.2 and 3.4, respectively. On a scale from 1 (low) to 6 (high), faculty members’ mean ratings of their knowledge and concerns related to students with disabilities were 2.7 and 4.0, respectively. These results suggest nursing faculty need training regarding nursing students with disabilities.
East Meets West: A Comparison Between Undergraduate Nursing Education in Japan and in the United States
Authors: Lambert Vickie A. , Lambert Clinton E. , Petrini Marcia A.
Published: February 2020

An increasing number of foreign students, especially those of Asian ethnicity, are enrolling in graduate nursing programs in the United States. The transition of these students into graduate nursing programs is not always easy. While a language difference may pose difficulties, a more crucial problem is the difference that often exists between the basic educational nursing preparations of Asian and American graduate students. Some Asian-educated students entering graduate nursing programs may not be prepared to the same degree as their U.S.-educated counterparts. This article presents some of the critical differences in educational philosophy, nursing faculty, types of nursing programs, admission criteria, nursing classroom and clinical experiences, and professional licensure that exist between Japan and the United States. Recommendations are proposed that could help mitigate some of these differences and facilitate the transition of Japanese graduate nursing students into the U.S. educational system.
Cultural Immersion Through Ethnography: The Lived Experience and Group Process
Authors: Brennan Sandra J. , Schulze Mary W.
Published: February 2020

A baccalaureate nursing class studying community/public health is a rich setting in which to initiate change in ethnocentric perspectives and foster an understanding of diverse cultures. This teaching strategy requires students to randomly select one of seven ethnographies to read, and then to write an analysis based on required guidelines. The results of the ethnographic analyses show that students immerse themselves within the culture of their respective texts. Ultimately, in-class learning groups are formed for each ethnography, and participants discuss their respective analyses. After exploring their commonalities and differences, students present the results to the entire class.

This activity affords everyone a multicultural experience by sharing the different ethnographies and each student’s perspective. This critical thinking activity serves to awaken one’s ethnocentricity and paves the way to insightful changes and beliefs about diverse cultures.
A Study of Nursing Student Abuse in Turkey
Authors: Celik Sevilay Senol , Bayraktar Nurhan
Published: February 2020

Because abuse negatively affects victims’ physiological, psychological, and social health, the main purpose of this study was to identify the abuse experiences of nursing students in Turkey. This descriptive study used a questionnaire, administered to 225 students. Participants stated they were abused verbally (100%), academically (83.1%), sexually (53.3%), and physically (5.7%). Classmates, faculty, nurses, physicians, patients, and patients’ family members were identified as sources of the abuse. First-year and second-year students experienced verbal and academic abuse less often than third-year and fourth-year students. All of the participants who experienced verbal and academic abuse felt anger toward the person who abused them. “Doing nothing” was the most common coping method among participants. Based on the results of the study, it is suggested that training on abuse be available as part of nursing school curricula. In addition, policies and procedures for reporting abuse should be developed.
Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Nursing as a Subject and a Function
Authors: Granum Vigdis
Published: February 2020

This study, conducted at one University College in Norway, describes nursing students’ perceptions of nursing as a theoretical subject and as a function. A descriptive/explorative design was selected. Thirty students from the first year and 30 students from the third year wrote down their perceptions in response to four open-ended questions. Fifteen students from each year (
n
= 30) were interviewed. A qualitative content analysis was performed.

According to the results, the content of the subject of nursing encompasses various fields of knowledge; therefore, the subject of nursing is unclear. The findings indicate that the third-year students either did not gain new insights on the subject or were still unable to verbalize such insights, contrary to the expectations expressed in the curriculum. Regarding the functions of nursing, the first-year students believed there is considerable report writing, which affected their nursing care, but the third-year students believed nurses are obliged to lead and plan nursing care. The students’ perceptions of the content of the subject of nursing related only in part to professional functions, both at the beginning and end of their nursing education.
Integrating Bioterrorism Education into Nursing School Curricula
Authors: Steed Connie J. , Howe Linda A. , Pruitt Rosanne H. , Sherrill Windsor W.
Published: February 2020

Due to the events of September 11, 2001 and the bioterrorism-related anthrax episodes, the United States has escalated efforts to better prepare the nation for terrorist attacks. Early recognition and management of a biological attack are largely dependent on the clinical expertise of frontline health care personnel. Nurses are recognized as an integral part of this team. Schools of nursing should integrate bioterrorism education into their curricula to address this growing frontier of health care management. This article outlines the necessary components of bioterrorism education for nurses, reviews examples of available resources to facilitate its inclusion, and suggests ways to integrate this material into nursing curricula.
The Competence of Nursing Graduates from Problem-Based Programs in South Africa
Authors: Uys Leana R. , Gwele Nomthandazo S. , McInerney Patricia , van Rhyn Lily , Tanga Thobeka
Published: February 2020

Although a significant body of research regarding problem-based learning (PBL) programs has been conducted during the past 2 decades, most of it relates to medical students and their curricula. There has also been very little research in the context of developing countries. In South Africa, most of the students who are admitted into nursing programs are from disadvantaged backgrounds, and it is important to assess the extent to which process-based curricula are appropriate for this group. The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the outcomes of PBL programs in nursing schools in South Africa in terms of the actual clinical practice and competence of graduates, and to compare these outcomes with those of graduates from conventional programs. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of practice of graduates from PBL and conventional schools of nursing in South Africa, as described by the graduates and their supervisors, and secondly, to compare the practice characteristics of the two groups.

This was a qualitative evaluation study, descriptive and comparative in nature. In-depth interviews with graduates and their supervisors were conducted, and data were analyzed using Benner’s stages of practice and Crabtree and Miller’s (
1994
) template analysis style. Most of the graduates chose clinical incidents to describe their stage of practice. The PBL group had a spread of incidents across four stages of practice (novice to proficient), while the control group had a spread of incidents across only three stages of practice (novice to competent). The majority of respondents felt positive about the incidents they had described, although feelings of being scared, angry, and guilty were also identified.
Stressors and Counseling Needs of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Omigbodun Olayinka O. , Onibokun Adenike C. , Yusuf Bidemi O. , Odukogbe Akintunde A. , Omigbodun Akinyinka O.
Published: February 2020

Existing evidence suggests that nursing students have high levels of stress and that counseling and other support services should be made available to them. However, the stres-sors and counseling needs of undergraduate nursing students in Nigeria have yet to be explored. This study used a questionnaire to investigate the stressors, counseling needs, and desired counseling facilities of undergraduate nursing students at the University of Ibadan.

Common stressors included excessive schoolwork, financial problems, inadequate recreational facilities, and overcrowded accommodations. There was an association between reporting inconsiderate, insensitive lecturers as stressors and evidence of psychological distress. Nearly 60% of the respondents felt counseling would help them, and most desired counseling for academics, finances, and relationships. Most (78%) of the respondents preferred an independent facility with trained counselors. Desired characteristics for the services included accessibility, affordability, confidentiality, and a friendly atmosphere. Educators and administrators should use this information to design counseling facilities for students.
Eleven Tips for the New College Teacher
Authors: Mann Alison Smalley
Published: February 2020

New faculty members who may have many years of clinical experience often feel unprepared for the classroom setting. While classes on pedagogy provide many important concepts for teaching, some practical points may be missed. This article offers 11 strategies to make the transition from clinical nursing practice to academia easier, and the teaching role more effective.
Travel Tips for a Journey into Academic Administration
Authors: Christensen Carl
Published: February 2020

A first-time administrator in a nursing academic setting can succeed in service to students and colleagues. To find the greatest personal contentment in this new role, the author suggests clarifying a personal purpose statement and becoming more self-aware. The author provides tips for finding exhilarating academic administration experiences in terms of association, action, and achievement.
Faculty Roles in Supporting New Deans and Directors
Authors: Reilly Lyn , Morin Karen H.
Published: February 2020

Although the topic is not frequently addressed in the literature, faculty members are influential in leadership transitions within colleges. New leaders are chosen for their experience; vision; and ability to work with faculty, students, staff, and upper-level administrators to clarify and implement their vision for academic departments, schools, or colleges. However, a degree of uncertainty is involved when people learn to work with each other. Faculty play an important role in facilitating interactions and enhancing leader success. This article describes strategies faculty can use during these transitions.
Lung Injury Associated with E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use
Authors: Griffiths Anne , Rauzi Anna , Stadheim Katie , Wheeler William
Published: February 2020

In the United States, an epidemic of unusual and severe lung disease associated with the use of e-cigarettes, or vaping, began in spring 2019. By fall 2019, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had received reports of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) cases from all state health departments in the continental US, Hawaii, and the US Virgin Islands. According to the cases, a number of young people had developed severe lung disease characterized by marked shortness of breath and cough. Constitutional and gastrointestinal symptoms are common. Clinical laboratory test results in EVALI are often consistent with nonspecific findings of pulmonary/systemic inflammation. Many reported cases of EVALI have required critical care interventions including noninvasive positive airway pressure, cardiotonic pressors, and intubation/mechanical ventilation. The need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support has been reported in some cases. The lung disease is diffuse and has multiple pathologies. Patients are often treated with intravenous or oral corticosteroids with clinical improvement, although the natural history of the disease remains unknown. In rare cases, the outcome is fatal. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiographic appearance, diagnostic approach, and treatment regimens for patients with vaping-induced lung disease as noted in multiple patients and the current literature.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(2):e93–e98.]
Monitoring of Infants Discharged Home with Medical Devices
Authors: Velumula Pradeep , Jani Sanket , Kanike Neelakanta , Chawla Sanjay
Published: February 2020

Preterm infants and term infants with complex medical conditions are often discharged home with technological support. There is a scarcity of evidence-based guidelines for post-discharge management of these infants at high risk. Common diagnoses necessitating the need for respiratory support and/or monitoring devices include apnea of prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia for preterm infants, and upper airway anomalies, central nervous system disorders, and neuromuscular disorders for term infants. Some infants who are unable to receive complete oral feeds for various reasons are sometimes discharged home with nasogastric or gastrostomy tube feeds. For safe patient care at home and reduction of emergency department visits, there should be proper transition of care from hospital to primary care provider, and appropriate instruction of caregivers for care of the infant including teaching about medications, feeding, and management of medical devices. Primary care providers should be aware of these common supportive devices and their complications to provide timely intervention if needed.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2020;49(2):e88–e92.

]
QR Code Applications in Tourism
Authors: Katlav Eda Özgül
Published: February 2020

With the development of technology, new innovative approaches emerge day by day. With the internet and mobile devices being used more actively, many applications provide great convenience to our lives. This situation has brought about many changes and developments when it is evaluated in terms of both businesses and consumers. Enterprises are using applications that will increase customer satisfaction and loyalty to be different from competitors, adopt in the market, interiorize a sustainable policy, and make more profit. Some technological applications will save customers time and increase satisfaction and loyalty in tourism enterprises and all other businesses. One of these applications is the use of QR codes.
Virtual Reality Applications in Tourism
Authors: Kiper Vahit Oguz , Batman Orhan
Published: February 2020

Through modern ages, tourism becomes a vital part of human life. With the advance of technology, tourism movements gain new tools. Those tools gave tourism an edge on management, marketing, education, and economic areas. Also, on demand side, new types of tourists with their brand-new demands and motivations became an important factor for those responsible for tourism supply. One of the most noticeable tools that new technology era has brought is virtual reality applications. Despite dating back to the 1950s, VR (virtual reality) has gained an interesting reputation in the last few years with the advances of related technologies. VR applications are used in many sectors like construction, military, communication, marketing, education, etc. Tourism industry is one of them of course. Especially, VR is used as both a tool and product in hotel & accommodation sector, recreation & entertainment, transportation, destination marketing, and a touristic product itself.
Electronic Customer Relationship Management in Tourism
Authors: Koçoğlu Cenk Murat , Yıldırım Kalem Merve
Published: February 2020

Tourism companies, like other companies producing goods and/or services, practice different strategies to achieve competitive advantage and satisfy the needs and wants of customers/guests. The most important recent strategy is electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM). In today's competitive environment, a successfully implemented e-CRM enhances a customer centric culture that is key to tourism growth and competitive advantage. For tourism companies, e-CRM succeeds only if it is totally integrated strategically and operationally in the business and in the information system of the company. This chapter focuses on e-CRM concept, its importance in tourism, dimensions of e-CRM, major challenges of e-CRM and its opportunities for companies, its implementation in tourism, e-CRM Technologies used in tourism, e-CRM success factors, and the reasons of e-CRM failures.
Intelligent Tourist Destinations and Their Application to Public Policies
Authors: Pérez-de-Azpillaga Luis Galindo , Fernández-Tabales Alfonso , Foronda-Robles Concepción
Published: February 2020

The chapter is divided into two differentiated parts. The first includes a brief technical review of the concepts of Territorial Intelligence and Intelligent Tourist Destination, situating them in the context of the new tourist destination planning paradigms. This part ends with a first approach to the Spanish case and the progress of its public tourism policies towards these concepts. The second part goes deeper into the Intelligent Tourist Destination model applied in Spain, driven by the public administration, paying special attention to its official standardisation process, and the indicators adopted to that end. Finally, the chapter ends with some brief conclusions.
Smart Tourism Planning
Authors: Leśniewska-Napierała Katarzyna , Napierała Tomasz , Birdir Sevda Sahilli , Birdir Kemal
Published: February 2020

This chapter discusses geographical context of smart tourism planning through the analysis of relations between spatial planning, tourism development, and technology. The main question addressed in this enquiry is whether development of technology and tourism respects sustainable spatial planning. Thus, geographical influence of tourism and ICT on spatial planning was investigated. Research is carried out in Poland as tourist destinations in the country are substantially different regarding their tourist attractions, infrastructure, and development. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was applied to identify regions where spatial planning is significantly influenced by tourism, and technology development as well. Both mentioned phenomena were recognized as competing in terms of spatial planning. Tourism and technology development did not support spatial planning parallely. Hence, establishing and developing smart tourism planning was confirmed as challenging from the geographical perspective.
Assessing the Feasibility and Effects of Introducing the USA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program on Clinical Outcomes and Cost in Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study
Authors: Najjar Shahenaz , Almutairi Adel F. , Massoud Rashad , Al-Surimi Khaled , Boghdadly Sami
Published: February 2020

Introduction: This study aimed at introducing a systematic clinical registry to assess the outcomes of surgical performances and the associated costs of surgical complications in hospitals of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This was an observational retrospective cohort study. Three large Saudi public hospitals from different regions participated in the study. A systematic sample consisting of 2077 medical records was retrospectively reviewed after being received from the hospitals' surgical wards. The inclusion criteria of the study were inpatients of the surgical cases, patients older than 18 years, and those who underwent major surgery under general anesthesia. The occurrence of adverse events in surgical wards and the direct costs associated with these surgical adverse events were estimated. Results were reported in terms of odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Introducing the systematic clinical registry to assess surgical outcomes and complications across multiple hospital sites is feasible. The findings of the study suggest that some areas are exemplary and others need improvement, such as sepsis cases, renal failure, ventilator use for more than 48 h, urinary tract infection, surgical site infection (SSI), length of stay after colorectal surgery, and rehospitalization. Additional costs from surgical complications in Riyadh only were approximately 0.5 million Saudi Arabian Riyal (127,764.40 USD) during that year. Most of the additional costs were due to sepsis and SSI. Conclusion: Empirical evidence derived from the idea of introducing a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program might be generally applicable to other countries in the region and worldwide, and can be used to measure surgical adverse events and track interventions over time. As a result, quality improvement initiatives could be identified to be implemented immediately focusing on preventing several surgical adverse events. A future study is needed to explore the underlying factors that contribute to the occurrence of surgical adverse events to be prevented and/or mitigated.
سلوك عدم التقيد بإشارة التقاطعات المرورية في المنطقة الشرقية بالمملكة العربية السعودية
Authors: حسن مساعد الأحمدي حسن مساعد الأحمدي
Published: February 2020

يعتبر السائقون في المملكة العربية السعودية الذين لا يتقيدون بالإشارة الحمراء السبب الرئيس لحوادث المركبات كل عام، إذ يشكلون 21? من إجمالي عدد الحوادث المرورية في المناطق الحضرية. تهدف هذه الدراسة في المقام الأول إلى تحديد أنواع ومدى تكرار المخالفات المرورية عند التقاطعات ذات الإشارات المرورية في المنطقة الشرقية من المملكة العربية السعودية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، فقد تم اختيار اثني عشر تقاطعًا لدراسة أنواع المخالفات المرورية وعلاقتها بالحجم المروري واستخدامات الأراضي والخصائص الهندسية للتقاطعات. وبناءً على تحليل البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها خلال ساعة واحدة، فقد كان عدد السائقين الذين عبروا التقاطع خلال الإشارة صفراء 23.65، أما أولئك الذين عبروا والإشارة حمراء فبلغ عددهم 10.58، وعدد السائقين الذين يبدأون القيادة والإشارة حمراء 23.63. وأخيرًا، بلغ عدد السائقين الذين استداروا لليمين عند التقاطع والإشارة حمراء دون توقف 34.6 وأمّا عدد السائقين الذين توقفوا عند الالتفاف لليمين بلغ 24.32 خلال ساعة. وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإن عدد السائقين الذين عبروا التقاطع حتى بعد تحول الإشارة الي الحمراء لمدة 5 ثوانٍ كان 1.31 في الساعة. وتوصي هذه الدراسة بالتوسع في استخدام نظام الضبط الآلي للمخالفات المرورية، والذي يعد أحد الإجراءات الفعالة للحد من قطع الإشارة الحمراء في التقاطعات، وذلك لتعزيز مستوى الامتثال للسائقين لإشارات المرور عند التقاطعات.
Maximizing the Output Power of Wind-Driven Grid-Connected Cage Induction
Generator through Pole Control
Authors: M. A. Abdel-Halim M. A. Abdel-Halim
Published: February 2020

In this research, a cage induction generator has been linked to the grid and driven with a
wind-turbine to generate electrical power. The cage generator has been used in place of the costly
slip-ring generator. The performance characteristics of the cage induction generator have been
ameliorated through changing its number of poles to comply with the level of the wind speed to
maximize the mechanical power extracted from the wind. Pole changing has been achieved
employing pole-amplitude modulation technique resulting in three sets of pole numbers. The
results proved the feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested method, as the proposed technique
led to driving the generator, and consequently the wind-turbine at speeds close or equal to those
satisfying the optimum tip-speed ratio which corresponds to the point of maximum mechanical
power.
GIS Based Analysis of Interaction between Port Accessibility and Economy in
Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amin S. Hamdi Amin S. Hamdi
Published: February 2020

Land transportation networks play key role in economic activities by providing access to
industries and commercial centers. As integral part of transportation system ports provide
essential interchange between sea and land communication to facilitate interaction with global
economic hubs. Region’s accessibility to port usually determines its production and growth
potential. This paper provides quantitative analysis of roadway based port accessibility to
different regions in Saudi Arabia using GIS framework. It also provides analytical basis for
comparing relative geographical implications of the ports in the context of regional GDP and
population concentration. Using geoprocessing tools like Network Analyst and Spatial Analyst in
ArcGIS framework, accessibility contours are assessed. Then spatial indicators are developed to
measure interaction between accessibility and economic parameters. Using these indicators, the
regions lacking in adequate port accessibility are identified. Further analysis reveals that
investment to improve accessibility of these regions may provide beneficial effect on their
economic growth. The proposed procedure may be applied in regional planning and economic
feasibility studies.
Corporate Sustainability in Fashion and Luxury Companies
Authors: Arrigo Elisa
Published: February 2020

The paper deepens the notion of corporate sustainability in fashion and luxury field in order to highlight the main sustainable issues faced by companies operating in these markets. In particular, to provide a more faithful depiction of corporate sustainability in the fashion industry, two apparently opposed fashion market segments (mass-market and luxury) have been analyzed. Findings have shown how sustainability represents a critical driver of growth for both mass-market and luxury companies. In fact, they are all committed in seeking new technologies and procedures aimed at pursuing a sustainable development where focus on profit, planet and people are in balance.
Joyful & Contemporary Italian Lifestyle in Fashion Accessory Market
Authors: Furlanetto Giovanna
Published: February 2020

Furla is 100% Italian – in history and spirit. Founded in 1927, it is the only brand in the fast-growing premium segment that gives customers an authentic Made in Italy experience with an attractive value for money. As one of the major global players in the leather goods’ market, Furla stands for quality, colourful creativity, joyfulness and contemporary Italian Lifestyle.
Luxury Fashion versus a Fast-Fashion Environment
Authors: Paschetto Emilio
Published: February 2020

The world of fashion seems to be going towards a neurotic fast-fashion speed capable of burning (at dramatic pace) designers’ creativity as well as collections lifespan. The never-ending needs for ‘newness’, recent famous designers resigning by exhaustion or sudden brand deterioration, are proving how monotone seems to be the world of fashion (at any level of price positioning or design proposal). Slowear started more than a decade ago, by playing a different role: The Slowear unmatched and new approach to the business of fashion is strategically different as well as based on culture, heritage and product details, forgetting the obsession of many public groups for quarterly analysis on margins, profits and economics. Slowear shares a business philosophy and culture based on ethical values and approach, contemporary comfort and design projected for everyday use of the best products made by the company.
Proximity Approach as an Option in Global Markets
Authors: Bordoli Marco
Published: February 2020

CRAI was founded in 1973 by a small group of food retailers that joined forces to set up the Commissionarie Riunite Alta Italia (C.R.A.I), which later on turned into Commissionarie Riunite Alimentaristi Italiani. The company as a buying group has become in such a short time a key player in the Italian food retail sector developing an Italian retail business model based on the ‘proximity store’ as option to compete in a global market.
Ouverture de 'Global Tourism in Global Markets'
Authors: Bellini Nicola , Brondoni Silvio M.
Published: February 2020

For a long time, tourism has been to many scholars of management a less than optimal choice in their academic and research strategies. Some of them would have probably even denied to tourism the status of “industry”. Even economists, including scholars of development, looked at tourism with skepticism. Low-tech, seasonal, knowledge-unintensive tourism was the worst of the possible post-industrial outcomes and no serious economic policy could be based on it. This scenario has changed very rapidly in recent years. Both internationally and in Italy, the number of scholars, institutes, journals, publications and teaching programs dealing with tourism has increased, involving several disciplines. Globalisation has also established new horizons in terms of tourism variety and development, encouraging the emergence of new tourist profiles. The traditional mass tourism model. has greatly changed, generating tourism supply and demand systems characterized by flexible production, organization and consumption models (dominated by the internet, the sharing economy, low-cost travel, B&Bs, etc.).
Ouverture de ‘Market-Driven Management in Global Tourism’
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. , Franzoni Simona
Published: February 2020

Tourism and other related industries are an inseparable part of globalization in the world economy. Global markets have encouraged the removal of many trade barriers while fostering the free movement of people and know-how across borders that have benefitted the tourism industry. Globalisation, hard competition and market-driven management are the fundamental characteristics of today’s tourism business and the need to co-build global connectivity for innovation is crucial to the survival of tourism enterprises and all parties involved in the development of global tourism.