bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum information technology: Current status and prospects
Authors: Pan Jian-Wei ,   Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: December 2023

In the early decades of the 20th century, the inception of quantum mechanics catalyzed the first quantum revolution, resulting in groundbreaking technological advances, such as nuclear energy, semiconductors, lasers, nuclear magnetic resonance, superconductivity, and global satellite positioning systems. These innovations have promoted significant progress in material civilization, fundamentally changed the way of life and societal landscape of humanity. Since the 1990s, quantum control technology has made significant strides forward, ushering in a rapid evolution of quantum technologies, notably exemplified by quantum information science. This encompasses domains such as quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum precision measurement, offering paradigm-shifting solutions for enhancing information transmission security, accelerating computational speed, and elevating measurement precision. These advances hold the potential to provide crucial underpinning for national security and the high-quality development of the national economy. The swift progression of quantum information technology heralds the advent of the second quantum revolution. Following nearly three decades of concerted efforts, China’s quantum information technology field as a whole has achieved a leap. Specifically, China presently assumes a prominent international role in both the research and practical application of quantum communication, leading the global domain in quantum computing, and achieving international preeminence or advanced standing across various facets of quantum precision measurement. Presently, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the developmental priorities in the realm of quantum information in China for the forthcoming 5 to 10 years, in alignment with national strategic priorities and the evolving landscape of international competition. This will enable the proactive establishment of next-generation information technology systems that are secure, efficient, autonomous, and controllable.
UGGT1-mediated reglucosylation of N-glycan competes with ER-associated degradation of unstable and misfolded glycoproteins
Authors: Ninagawa Satoshi , Matsuo Masaki , Ying Deng , Oshita Shuichiro , Aso Shinya , Matsushita Kazutoshi , Taniguchi Mai , Fueki Akane , Yamashiro Moe , Sugasawa Kaoru , Saito Shunsuke , Imami Koshi , Kizuka Yasuhiko , Sakuma Tetsushi , Yamamoto Takashi , Yagi Hirokazu , Kato Koichi , Mori Kazutoshi
Published: December 2023

How the fate (folding versus degradation) of glycoproteins is determined in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intriguing question. Monoglucosylated glycoproteins are recognized by lectin chaperones to facilitate their folding, whereas glycoproteins exposing well-trimmed mannoses are subjected to glycoprotein ER-associated degradation (gpERAD); we have elucidated how mannoses are sequentially trimmed by EDEM family members (George et al., 2020; 2021 eLife). Although reglucosylation by UGGT was previously reported to have no effect on substrate degradation, here we directly tested this notion using cells with genetically disrupted UGGT1/2. Strikingly, the results showed that UGGT1 delayed the degradation of misfolded substrates and unstable glycoproteins including ATF6α. An experiment with a point mutant of UGGT1 indicated that the glucosylation activity of UGGT1 was required for the inhibition of early glycoprotein degradation. These and overexpression-based competition experiments suggested that the fate of glycoproteins is determined by a tug-of-war between structure formation by UGGT1 and degradation by EDEMs. We further demonstrated the physiological importance of UGGT1, since ATF6α cannot function properly without UGGT1. Thus, our work strongly suggests that UGGT1 is a central factor in ER protein quality control via the regulation of both glycoprotein folding and degradation.
Uneven demographic consequences of the 2022 disease outbreak for the sea urchin Diadema antillarum in Puerto Rico
Authors: Rodríguez-Barreras Ruber , Ruiz-Diaz Claudia Patricia , Quiñones-Otero Marcos A. , Toledo-Hernández Carlos
Published: December 2023

Pervasive epizootic events have had a significant impact on marine invertebrates throughout the Caribbean, leading to severe population declines and consequential ecological implications. One such event was the regional collapse of herbivory, partly caused by the Diadema antillarum mortality event in 1983–84, resulting in a trophic cascade and altering the structure of reef communities. Consequently, there was a notable decrease in coral recruitment and an increase in the coverage of macroalgae. Nearly four decades later, in early 2022, the Caribbean basin experienced another widespread mass mortality event, further reducing the populations of D. antillarum. To assess the effects of this recent mortality event on the current demographics of D. antillarum, we surveyed eight populations along the eastern, northeastern, northern, and northwestern coast of Puerto Rico from May to July 2022, estimating their population density, size distribution, and disease prevalence. Additionally, the study compared these population parameters with data from four sites previously surveyed in 2012 and 2017 to understand the impact of the recent mortality event. The survey conducted in 2022 showed varying population densities at the surveyed reefs. Some populations exhibited mean densities of nearly one individual per square meter, while others had extremely low or no living individuals per square meter. The four populations with the highest density showed no evidence of disease, whereas the four populations with the lowest D. antillarum densities exhibited moderate to high disease prevalence. However, when considering all sites, the estimated disease prevalence remained below 5%. Nevertheless, the comparison with data from 2012 and 2017 indicated that the recent mortality event had a negative impact on D. antillarum demographics at multiple sites, as the densities in 2022 were reduced by 60.19% compared to those from the previous years. However, it is still too early to determine the severity of this new mortality event compared to the 1983–84 mortality event. Therefore, it is imperative to continue monitoring these populations.
Inter-observer Reliability in Reporting Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate with Clavien-Dindo Classification: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Shukla Pushpendra Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Thakur Avinash Pratap Singh , Ghanghoria Ashish , Shukla Varsha
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a gold standard treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The Clavien classification system was proposed in 1992 to grade complications of general surgery, which was then modified in 2004 by Dindo. In 2017, the European Association of Urology (EAU) endorsed its use for reporting complications in urological procedures. However, the system relies on observers to grade complications, and different observers may assign different grades to the same negative outcome, highlighting the need for uniformity. Aim: To assess the inter-observer reliability and uniformity among urologists in reporting complications of TURP using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification system. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Department of Urology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, from January 2018 to May 2023. The study included symptomatic patients with BPH and prostate gland sizes greater than 40 cc. Negative outcomes were evaluated and complications were rated by nine different raters. Inter-observer reliability was tested using weighted kappa with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (Fleiss’s kappa test). Results: A total of 523 men with BPH who underwent TURP were evaluated, with a mean age of 66.7±5.2 years and a mean prostate volume of 62 cc. Adverse events occurred in 96 patients (18.36%), and these complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo System (CDS) by nine different blinded observers. The rating of these complications was then assessed for concordance. A concordance rate using weighted kappa of 0.847 was observed, indicating high inter-observer reliability for TURP. Conclusion: Clavien-Dindo’s system demonstrated good interobserver concordance and reliability. Some modifications to the grading system are needed, taking into account the impact of pre-existing co-morbidities and auxiliary procedures. Largescale prospective studies are recommended to further validate these findings.
Liver Transplant in an Unusual Case of Acute Fulminant Hepatic Failure: A Case Report
Authors: Diggikar Pradnya Mukund , Mundada Mayank , Reddy Raju Hansini , Pancholi Tushar
Published: December 2023

Yellow phosphorus ingestion causing acute fulminant hepatic failure is a serious condition. The establishment of health measures to monitor and prevent yellow phosphorus poisoning is of utmost importance because there is no known cure for the condition. To prevent phosphorus poisoning, it is crucial to raise awareness among the general population about its potential fatality, educate primary care physicians about the delayed onset toxidrome, and take precautions to ensure careful monitoring and reporting. Herein, we present a case of case of a 33-year-old male who consumed 30 grams of rat poison {Yellow Phosphorus (YP)} while under the influence of alcohol. He presented to us on day 5 with icterus and bilateral subconjunctival haemorrhage. Laboratory investigations revealed severely deranged liver function tests and raised Prothrombin Time (PT)/International Normalised Ratio (INR), indicating acute fulminant hepatic failure. The patient was started on N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin K, and received fresh frozen plasma transfusion. Despite treatment, on day 3, the patient developed grade 4 Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) and the laboratory parameters worsened. Close monitoring revealed further deterioration, leading to the decision for emergency orthotopic Liver Transplantation (LT) on day 7. Following the transplant, the patient's liver function tests showed improvement. The subconjunctival haemorrhage and icterus resolved completely on day 3 post-transplantation. The patient was extubated on day 3 and discharged on day 5 post-transplantation. Regular follow-up appointments were uneventful. In conclusion, the present case report highlights the successful management of a patient with acute fulminant hepatic failure through early hepatic transplantation. It emphasizes the importance of prompt recognition, appropriate treatment, and timely transplantation in improving patient outcomes.
Antifungal Activity of Cassia fistula L. Extracts against Macrophomina phaseolina (TASSI.) Goid.: In vitro Study
Authors: Choudhary Swati , Chakraborty Dipjyoti
Published: December 2023

Aim: To evaluate the anti-fungal properties of Cassia fistula with alcohol soluble and aqueous extracts against Macrophomina phaseolina.

Methods: Ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents was done. The antioxidant and antifungal activity of the extracts were determined.

Results: It was observed that the methanolic extract had the highest (15.65%) extraction yield, whereas ethanolic extract had the lowest (12.45%) extraction yield. While screening for secondary metabolites, cardiac glycosides were found to be lacking in all three solvent extracts, while sterols was absent in the aqueous extract. The methanolic extract contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds (13.38±0.060 mg GAE/g dw.), flavonoid (10.58±0.074 mg QUE/g dw.), tannin (11.43±0.052 mg TAE/g dw.), and alkaloid (16.18±0.062 mg AE/g dw.). The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the methanolic extract at 300 µg/ml (% inhibition, 63.02%). Antifungal activity against M. phaseolina was also highest (68.07%) for the methanolic fraction.

Conclusion: C. fistula extracts may be further be explored to formulate antifungal agents.
Review on Millets: A Sustainable Ancient Superfood for the Modern World
Authors: Ahirwar Shashi Bala , Srinatha T. N.  , Dhanalakshmi T. N.  , Bharti Ankit , Patidar Girish , Nandeha Nirjharnee , Mukherjee Deepanshu
Published: December 2023

Millets are frequently referred to as "superfoods" or "nutricereals" because of their high nutritional content, ability to withstand climatic change, and reduced resource requirements when compared to other common grains. Millets have historically been consumed in larger quantities and are beneficial to diets worldwide, but both their cultivation and consumption are drastically reducing. To provide food and nutrition security, resource sustainability, and economic development, millet may be essential. Therefore, it is imperative to develop strategies aimed at reversing the global trends of declining millet production and consumption and raising consumer knowledge of the dietary and health benefits of millets. For thousands of years, millets, a class of small-seeded, nutrient-rich grains have been an essential part of human existence, particularly in Asia and Africa. Pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, Indian barnyard millet, kodo millet, tiny millet, and proso millet are the millets that are produced most widely around the world, especially in India. In Ayurveda, millets are explained under the Dhanya Varga and are known by the names Trina Dhanya, Kudhanya, and Kshudra Dhanya in different Samhitas. Furthermore, millets have long been employed by indigenous people as an ethnomedical and hunger-reduction tool. Since millets are usually grown on degraded, nutrient-deficient soil with little rainfall, they are an extremely resilient crop. Instead millets are high in dietary fibre, proteins, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, phytochemicals, and other nutrients, they are a cure-all for a wide range of illnesses. Due to shifting agro-climatic conditions that have resulted in a decrease in the yield of major staple grains, millets have emerged as a viable solution to address current issues in agriculture, food security, and public health. Millets have demonstrated excellent nutritional makeup and great adaptability. In light of government and civil society initiatives to promote millet farming in India, this review paper offers a succinct overview of millets, emphasising their historical significance, use in folklore, cultivation techniques, health benefits, and potential to contribute to sustainable farming systems and food security. For this study paper, a thorough review of numerous literatures, journals, published papers, and books was conducted.
Population Salutogenesis—The Future of Psychiatry?
Authors: van Os Jim , Guloksuz Sinan
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the potential of salutogenesis, or emphasis on health- and wellness-promoting practices, as a public health approach to mitigate increasing levels of mental illness and distress.
Glucose metabolism in B cell malignancies: a focus on glycolysis branching pathways
Authors: Simon‐Molas Helga , Del Prete Rosita , Kabanova Anna
Published: December 2023

Glucose catabolism, one of the essential pathways sustaining cellular bioenergetics, has been widely studied in the context of tumors. Nevertheless, the function of various branches of glucose metabolism that stem from ‘classical’ glycolysis have only been partially explored. This review focuses on discussing general mechanisms and pathological implications of glycolysis and its branching pathways in the biology of B cell malignancies. We summarize here what is known regarding pentose phosphate, hexosamine, serine biosynthesis, and glycogen synthesis pathways in this group of tumors. Despite most findings have been based on malignant B cells themselves, we also discuss the role of glucose metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on T cells. Understanding the contribution of glycolysis branching pathways and how they are hijacked in B cell malignancies will help to dissect the role they have in sustaining the dissemination and proliferation of tumor B cells and regulating immune responses within these tumors. Ultimately, this should lead to deciphering associated vulnerabilities and improve current therapeutic schedules.
The Effects of Oscillating Frequency on Microstructure and Hardness of W‐Ni‐Fe Refractory Alloy Sintered by Hot Oscillating Pressure
Authors: Gao Ka , Hu Yanghu , Zhang Zixiang , Ren Chunyang , Zhao Wei , Sun Dejian , Gao Yang , An Linan , Kong Qingquan
Published: December 2023

90 W‐7Ni‐3Fe refractory alloys are first sintered by hot oscillating pressure (HOP) under different oscillating frequencies (0, 1, and 10 Hz) in this work. The effects of oscillating frequencies on the microstructure and Vickers hardness are investigated. With the oscillating frequency increasing, the relative density and hardness of refractory alloys are obviously improved. Especially, the alloy sintered at the oscillating frequency of 10 Hz had the highest relative density of approximately 98.9% and the smallest average grain size of 3.26 μm. Moreover, the narrowest average thickness of the bonding phase is about 0.18 μm, and the lowest tungsten contiguity is about 61.1%. Then its excellent hardness (456.8 HV30) is obtained, which is nearly 16.1% higher than that of the 0 Hz frequency alloy. The refractory alloy with high densification, small grain size, and good hardness could be obtained by HOP with a high oscillating frequency.
Recent Developments in Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Borges João , Zeng Jinfeng , Liu Xi Qiu , Chang Hao , Monge Claire , Garot Charlotte , Ren Ke‐feng , Machillot Paul , Vrana Nihal E. , Lavalle Philippe , Akagi Takami , Matsusaki Michiya , Ji Jian , Akashi Mitsuru , Mano João F. , Gribova Varvara , Picart Catherine
Published: December 2023

Surfaces with biological functionalities are of great interest for biomaterials, tissue engineering, biophysics, and for controlling biological processes. The layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly is a highly versatile methodology introduced 30 years ago, which consists of assembling complementary polyelectrolytes or biomolecules in a stepwise manner to form thin self‐assembled films. In view of its simplicity, compatibility with biological molecules, and adaptability to any kind of supporting material carrier, this technology has undergone major developments over the past decades. Specific applications have emerged in different biomedical fields owing to the possibility to load or immobilize biomolecules with preserved bioactivity, to use an extremely broad range of biomolecules and supporting carriers, and to modify the film's mechanical properties via crosslinking. In this review, the focus is on the recent developments regarding LbL films formed as 2D or 3D objects for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. Possible applications in the fields of vaccinology, 3D biomimetic tissue models, as well as bone and cardiovascular tissue engineering are highlighted. In addition, the most recent technological developments in the field of film construction, such as high‐content liquid handling or machine learning, which are expected to open new perspectives in the future developments of LbL, are presented.
3D Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Magnetic Topological Insulator Trilayers of Hundred‐Nanometer Thickness
Authors: Zhao Yi‐Fan , Zhang Ruoxi , Sun Zi‐Ting , Zhou Ling‐Jie , Zhuo Deyi , Yan Zi‐Jie , Yi Hemian , Wang Ke , Chan Moses H. W. , Liu Chao‐Xing , Law K. T. , Chang Cui‐Zu
Published: December 2023

Magnetic topological states refer to a class of exotic phases in magnetic materials with the non‐trivial topological property determined by magnetic spin configurations. An example of such states is the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state, which is a zero magnetic field manifestation of the quantum Hall effect. Current research in this direction focuses on QAH insulators with a thickness of less than 10 nm. Here, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is employed to synthesize magnetic TI trilayers with a thickness of up to ≈106 nm. It is found that these samples exhibit well‐quantized Hall resistance and vanishing longitudinal resistance at zero magnetic field. By varying the magnetic dopants, gate voltages, temperature, and external magnetic fields, the properties of these thick QAH insulators are examined and the robustness of the 3D QAH effect is demonstrated. The realization of the well‐quantized 3D QAH effect indicates that the nonchiral side surface states of the thick magnetic TI trilayers are gapped and thus do not affect the QAH quantization. The 3D QAH insulators of hundred‐nanometer thickness provide a promising platform for the exploration of fundamental physics, including axion physics and image magnetic monopole, and the advancement of electronic and spintronic devices to circumvent Moore's law.
Switchable Design of Redox‐Enhanced Nonaromatic Quinones Enabled by Conjugation Recovery
Authors: Go Chae Young , Shin Juyeon , Choi Min Kyu , Jung In Hwan , Kim Ki Chul
Published: December 2023

An innovative switchable design strategy for modulating the electronic structures of quinones is proposed herein, leading to remarkably enhanced intrinsic redox potentials by restoring conjugated but nonaromatic backbone architectures. Computational validation of two fundamental hypotheses confirms the recovery of backbone conjugation and optimal utilization of the inductive effect in switched quinones, which affords significantly improved redox chemistry and overall performance compared to reference quinones. Geometric and electronic analyses provide strong evidence for the restored backbone conjugation and nonaromaticity in the switched quinones, while highlighting the reinforcement of the inductive effect and suppression of the resonance effect. This strategic approach facilitates the development of an exceptional quinone, viz. 2,6‐naphthoquinone, with outstanding performance parameters (338.9 mAh g−1 and 912.9 mWh g−1). Furthermore, 2,6‐anthraquinone with superior cyclic stability, demonstrates comparable performance (257.4 mAh g−1 and 702.8 mWh g−1). These findings offer valuable insights into the design of organic cathode materials with favorable redox chemistry in secondary batteries.
Lattice Engineering on Li2CO3‐Based Sacrificial Cathode Prelithiation Agent for Improving the Energy Density of Li‐Ion Battery Full‐Cell
Authors: Zhu Yuanlong , Chen Yilong , Chen Jianken , Yin Jianhua , Sun Zhefei , Zeng Guifan , Wu Xiaohong , Chen Leiyu , Yu Xiaoyu , Luo Haiyan , Yan Yawen , Zhang Haitang , Zhang Baodan , Kuai Xiaoxiao , Tang Yonglin , Xu Juping , Yin Wen , Qiu Yongfu , Zhang Qiaobao , Qiao Yu , Sun Shi‐Gang
Published: December 2023

Developing sacrificial cathode prelithiation technology to compensate for active lithium loss is vital for improving the energy density of lithium‐ion battery full‐cells. Li2CO3 owns high theoretical specific capacity, superior air stability, but poor conductivity as an insulator, acting as a promising but challenging prelithiation agent candidate. Herein, extracting a trace amount of Co from LiCoO2 (LCO), a lattice engineering is developed through substituting Li sites with Co and inducing Li defects to obtain a composite structure consisting of (Li0.906Co0.043▫0.051)2CO2.934 and ball milled LiCoO2 (Co‐Li2CO3@LCO). Notably, both the bandgap and Li─O bond strength have essentially declined in this structure. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Li defects and bulk phase catalytic regulation of Co, the potential of Li2CO3 deep decomposition significantly decreases from typical >4.7 to ≈4.25 V versus Li/Li+, presenting >600 mAh g−1 compensation capacity. Impressively, coupling 5 wt% Co‐Li2CO3@LCO within NCM‐811 cathode, 235 Wh kg−1 pouch‐type full‐cell is achieved, performing 88% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
Direct Synthesis of Polyimide Curly Nanofibrous Aerogels for High‐Performance Thermal Insulation Under Extreme Temperature
Authors: Wang Sai , Ding Ruida , Liang Guoqiang , Zhang Wei , Yang Fengjin , Tian Yucheng , Yu Jianyong , Zhang Shichao , Ding Bin
Published: December 2023

Maintaining human body temperature is one of the basic needs for living, which requires high‐performance thermal insulation materials to prevent heat exchange with external environment. However, the most widely used fibrous thermal insulation materials always suffer from the heavy weight, weak mechanical property, and moderate capacity to suppress heat transfer, resulting in limited personal cold and thermal protection performance. Here, an ultralight, mechanically robust, and thermally insulating polyimide (PI) aerogel is directly synthesized via constructing 3D interlocked curly nanofibrous networks during electrospinning. Controlling the solution/water molecule interaction enables the rapid phase inversion of charged jets, while the multiple jets are ejected by regulating charge density of the fluids, thus synergistically allowing numerous curly nanofibers to interlock and cross‐link with each other to form porous aerogel structure. The resulted PI aerogel integrates the ultralight property with density of 2.4 mg cm−3, extreme temperature tolerance (mechanical robustness over −196 to 300 °C), and thermal insulation performance with ultralow thermal conductivity of 22.4 mW m−1 K−1, providing an ideal candidate to keep human thermal comfort under extreme temperature. This work can provide a source of inspiration for the design and development of nanofibrous aerogels for various applications.
Meta‐Analysis of Integrated Proteomic and Transcriptomic Data Discerns Structure–Activity Relationship of Carbon Materials with Different Morphologies
Authors: Dumit Verónica I. , Liu Yuk‐Chien , Bahl Aileen , Kohonen Pekka , Grafström Roland C. , Nymark Penny , Müller‐Graf Christine , Haase Andrea , Pink Mario
Published: December 2023

The Fiber Pathogenicity Paradigm (FPP) establishes connections between fiber structure, durability, and disease‐causing potential observed in materials like asbestos and synthetic fibers. While emerging nanofibers are anticipated to exhibit pathogenic traits according to the FPP, their nanoscale diameter limits rigidity, leading to tangling and loss of fiber characteristics. The absence of validated rigidity measurement methods complicates nanofiber toxicity assessment. By comprehensively analyzing 89 transcriptomics and 37 proteomics studies, this study aims to enhance carbon material toxicity understanding and proposes an alternative strategy to assess morphology‐driven toxicity. Carbon materials are categorized as non‐fibrous, high aspect ratio with shorter lengths, tangled, and rigid fibers. Mitsui‐7 serves as a benchmark for pathogenic fibers. The meta‐analysis reveals distinct cellular changes for each category, effectively distinguishing rigid fibers from other carbon materials. Subsequently, a robust random forest model is developed to predict morphology, unveiling the pathogenicity of previously deemed non‐pathogenic NM‐400 due to its secondary structures. This study fills a crucial gap in nanosafety by linking toxicological effects to material morphology, in particular regarding fibers. It demonstrates the significant impact of morphology on toxicological behavior and the necessity of integrating morphological considerations into regulatory frameworks.
Fluidization and Application of Carbon Nano Agglomerations
Authors: Chen Sibo , Jiang Yaxin , Zhu Zhenxing , Zhang Qi , Zhang Chenxi , Zhang Qiang , Qian Weizhong , Zhang Shijun , Wei Fei
Published: December 2023

Carbon nanomaterials are unique with excellent functionality and diverse structures. However, agglomerated structures are commonly formed because of small‐size effects and surface effects. Their hierarchical assembly into micro particles enables carbon nanomaterials to break the boundaries of classical Geldart particle classification before stable fluidization under gas‐solid interactions. Currently, there are few systematic reports regarding the structural evolution and fluidization mechanism of carbon nano agglomerations. Based on existing research on carbon nanomaterials, this article reviews the fluidized structure control and fluidization principles of prototypical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as their nanocomposites. The controlled agglomerate fluidization technology leads to the successful mass production of agglomerated and aligned CNTs. In addition, the self‐similar agglomeration of individual ultralong CNTs and nanocomposites with silicon as model systems further exemplify the important role of surface structure and particle‐fluid interactions. These emerging nano agglomerations have endowed classical fluidization technology with more innovations in advanced applications like energy storage, biomedical, and electronics. This review aims to provide insights into the connections between fluidization and carbon nanomaterials by highlighting their hierarchical structural evolution and the principle of agglomerated fluidization, expecting to showcase the vitality and connotation of fluidization science and technology in the new era.
Pathway‐Dependent Self‐Assembly for Control over Helical Nanostructures and Topochemical Photopolymerization
Authors: Du Sifan , Jiang Yuqian , Jiang Hejin , Zhang Li , Liu Minghua
Published: December 2023

Pathway‐dependent self‐assembly, in which a single building block forms two or more types of self‐assembled nanostructures, is an important topic due to its mimic to the complexity in biology and manipulation of diverse supramolecular materials. Here, we report a pathway‐dependent self‐assembly using chiral glutamide derivatives (L or D‐PAG), which form chiral nanotwist and nanotube through a cooperative slow cooling and an isodesmic fast cooling process, respectively. Furthermore, pathway‐dependent self‐assembly can be harnessed to control over the supramolecular co‐assembly of PAG with a luminophore β‐DCS or a photopolymerizable PCDA. Fast cooling leads to the co‐assembled PAG/β‐DCS nanotube exhibiting green circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), while slow cooling to nanofiber with blue CPL. Additionally, fast cooling process promotes the photopolymerization of PCDA into a red chiral polymer, whereas slow cooling inhibits the polymerization. This work not only demonstrates the pathway‐dependent control over structural characteristics but also highlights the diverse functions emerged from the different assemblies.
The Diterpenoid Substrate Analogue 19‐nor‐GGPP Reveals Pronounced Methyl Group Effects in Diterpene Cyclisations
Authors: Taizoumbe Kizerbo A. , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: December 2023

The substrate analogue 19‐nor‐geranylgeranyl diphosphate (19‐nor‐GGPP) was synthesised and incubated with 20 diterpene synthases, resulting in the formation of diterpenoids in all cases. A total of 23 different compounds were isolated from these enzyme reactions and structurally characterised, if possible including the experimental determination of absolute configurations through a stereoselective deuteration approach. In several cases the missing 19‐Me group in the substrate analogue resulted in opening of completely new reaction paths towards compounds with novel skeletons. DFT calculations were applied to gain a deeper understanding of these observed methyl group effects in diterpene biosynthesis.
Computer vision for plant pathology: A review with examples from cocoa agriculture
Authors: Sykes Jamie R. , Denby Katherine J. , Franks Daniel W.
Published: December 2023

Plant pathogens can decimate crops and render the local cultivation of a species unprofitable. In extreme cases this has caused famine and economic collapse. Timing is vital in treating crop diseases, and the use of computer vision for precise disease detection and timing of pesticide application is gaining popularity. Computer vision can reduce labour costs, prevent misdiagnosis of disease, and prevent misapplication of pesticides. Pesticide misapplication is both financially costly and can exacerbate pesticide resistance and pollution. Here, we review the application and development of computer vision and machine learning methods for the detection of plant disease. This review goes beyond the scope of previous works to discuss important technical concepts and considerations when applying computer vision to plant pathology. We present new case studies on adapting standard computer vision methods and review techniques for acquiring training data, the use of diagnostic tools from biology, and the inspection of informative features. In addition to an in‐depth discussion of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers, we also highlight the strengths of methods such as support vector machines and evolved neural networks. We discuss the benefits of carefully curating training data and consider situations where less computationally expensive techniques are advantageous. This includes a comparison of popular model architectures and a guide to their implementation.
Trialkylphosphonium Oxoborate as C(sp3)−H Oxyanion Hole Catalyst for Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Leung Vincent Ming‐Yau , Pook Chun‐Man , Chan Tsz‐Chun , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: December 2023

We have developed a catalytic protocol for Diels‐Alder reaction using trialkylphosphonium oxoborates as oxyanion hole catalysts. The reaction can be operated under ambient conditions. Dienes could easily polymerize under acidic condition. Nonetheless, these acid‐sensitive substrates are compatible with the catalytic protocol and the reaction scope covers a wide range of substrates.
Genetic etiologies and diagnostic methods for congenital ventriculomegaly and hydrocephalus: A scoping review
Authors: Aragón Caroline , Robinson D'aviyan , Kocher Megan , Barrick Katie , Chen Lihsia , Zierhut Heather
Published: December 2023

Background

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) is a life‐threatening neurological condition that results from an imbalance in production, flow, or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Predicted outcomes from in utero diagnosis are frequently unclear. Moreover, conventional treatments consisting primarily of antenatal and postnatal surgeries are often unsuccessful, leading to high mortality rates. Causes of CH can range from secondary insults to germline pathogenic variants, complicating diagnostic processes and treatment outcomes. Currently, an updated summary of CH genetic etiologies in conjunction with clinical testing methodologies is lacking. This review addresses this need by generating a centralized survey of known genetic causes and available molecular tests for CH.

Methods

The scoping review protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework and followed the Arksey and O'Malley framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) was utilized to define search guidelines and screening criteria.

Results

Our survey revealed a high number of genetic etiologies associated with CH, ranging from single gene variants to multifactorial birth defects, and additionally uncovered diagnostic challenges that are further complicated by changes in testing approaches over the years. Furthermore, we discovered that most of the existing literature consists of case reports, underscoring the need for studies that utilize CH patient research cohorts as well as more mechanistic studies.

Conclusions

The pursuit of such studies will facilitate novel gene discovery while recognizing phenotypic complexity. Addressing these research gaps could ultimately inform evidence‐based diagnostic guidelines to improve patient care.
Detection of Multiple Antibiotic Residues in Turkish Pine and Blossom Honeys Using LC–MS/MS Method
Authors: Gün Ramazan , Dursun İnan , Arıcı Buket , Saraç Yasemin
Published: December 2023

Due to the high demand for honey, beekeepers often feed the bees with antibiotics to protect honeybees against illnesses; the determination of veterinary drugs and their residues in bee products especially in honey is gaining importance. In this study, commercially available 15 different brands, a total of 22 honey (14 blossoms and 8 pines) samples obtained from 5 chain supermarkets in the city of Bingöl and Diyarbakır, Turkey were analysed for 29 antibiotic residues. These antibiotics belong to 10 different categories, including tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, benzimidazoles, anthelmintic, amphenicols, quinolines, and oxazolidines. For the qualitative and quantitative determination of the antibiotics, a triple quadrupole liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used. A total of 10 out of 22 honey (8 blossom, 57.14 % and 2 pine, 25 %) samples were found to be positive for antibiotics. Among the tested antibiotics, tetracycline, dihydrostreptomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, and sulfadimidine were detected in the honey samples. Dihydrostreptomycin and sulfadimidine were detected in 6 samples, erythromycin was determined in 4 samples, streptomycin was found in 2 samples, and lastly, tetracycline was detected only in one sample. The highest and the lowest concentrations of antibiotics detected in the samples were dihydrostreptomycin and erythromycin found at the amount of 992.58 μg/kg and 0.77 μg/kg respectively. The proposed method was validated with a limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) ranging between 0.42 and 3.22 μg /kg and 0.13–0.97 μg /kg respectively. Good linearities were also achieved ranging between R2=0.987 and 0.999.
Multiple liquid‐liquid extraction of dissolved compounds in immortelle hydrosol with four different solvents
Authors: Komnenić Andreja , Lazarević Zorica , Jovović Zoran , Šavikin Katarina , Pljevljakušić Dejan
Published: December 2023

Immortelle, a revered Mediterranean medicinal plant, is celebrated for its potent essential oil renowned in the cosmetic industry for its skin‐enhancing properties. Yet, immortelle hydrosol, an often‐overlooked byproduct, holds promise in cosmetics due to its compatibility with polar active ingredients. This study investigates the chemical composition of immortelle hydrosol by employing liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) to transfer volatile organic components into nonpolar solvents. Four solvents – chloroform, dichloromethane, hexane, and benzene – were assessed through ten consecutive extractions from industrially produced immortelle hydrosol. Quantification was achieved using GC analysis with tetradecane as an internal standard. Chloroform emerged as the most efficient solvent, yielding 2447.0 mg/L of volatile compounds, surpassing dichloromethane, hexane, and benzene. Key compounds in immortelle hydrosol included 3‐pentanone, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, and γ‐terpineol. Importantly, the study revealed that a portion of essential oil compounds persists in the hydrosol even after ten LLE cycles, with optimal results achievable in five extractions (~92 % in most cases).
The Potential of Molecular Electrocatalysis for Ammonia‐to‐Dinitrogen Conversion
Authors: Kostopoulos Nikolaos , Robert Marc , Sekretareva Alina
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical ammonia oxidation reaction (eAOR) regains interest due to ammonia being an interesting alternative to hydrogen for fuel cell technologies. In the present review, we first discuss some of the most important findings on eAOR with solid catalysts, including mechanistic and feasibility aspects for practical implementation. We then examine the reports on molecular catalysis of eAOR that have recently emerged. We finally discuss immobilization strategies of these molecular catalysts, and discuss intrinsic advantages of those strategies, so as to guide the design of efficient catalytic systems able to compete with heterogeneous, solid catalysts.
A Temperature‐Tolerant Magnesium‐Ion Battery Using Ball Cactus‐like MgV2O4 as High‐Performance Cathode
Authors: Ding Qian , Han Tianli , Zhou Ting , Lin Xirong , Liu Jinyun
Published: December 2023

Safe and high‐performance secondary batteries using for all‐climate conditions with different temperatures are highly required. Here, we develop a three‐dimensional ball cactus‐like MgV2O4 as cathode material for magnesium‐ion (Mg‐ion) batteries. After cycling 300 times, the capacity maintains 111.7 mAh g−1, while Coulombic efficiency stabilizes at about 100 %. Under temperatures of 45 °C and −5 °C, the capacities remain stable after 200 cycles. After three rounds of rate‐performance tests, the capacity keeps quite stable. It is ascribed to the ball cactus‐like morphology buffers the volumetric change during Mg2+ insertion/extraction, and provides sufficient pathways for ion diffusion, which has been verified by constant‐current intermittent titration technology. It is believed that the good performance enables the Mg‐ion batteries to have a all‐climate capability.
Physicochemical Features and Applicability of Newly Fabricated Phytopharmaceutical‐Loaded Hydrogel Alginate Microcarriers with Viscoelastic Polyelectrolyte Coatings
Authors: Szczęsna‐Górniak Weronika , Weżgowiec Joanna , Tsirigotis‐Maniecka Marta , Szyk‐Warszyńska Lilianna , Michna Aneta , Warszyński Piotr , Saczko Jolanta , Wilk Kazimiera A.
Published: December 2023

The design of novel polymeric carrier systems with functional coatings is of great interest for delivering various bioactive molecules. Microcapsules coated with polyelectrolyte (PE) films provide additional functionality and fine‐tuning advantages essential for controlled drug release. We developed hydrogel microcarriers coated with functional PE films with encapsulated substances of natural origin, resveratrol (RES), curcumin (CUR), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which have cytotoxic and chemopreventive properties. Alginate (ALG) based microparticles were loaded with phytopharmaceuticals using the emulsification method, and then their surface was modified with PE coatings, such as chitosan (CHIT) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). The morphology and mean diameter of microcarriers were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, encapsulation efficiency was determined by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, whereas the physicochemical properties of functional PE layers were studied using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and streaming potential measurements. The release profiles of active compounds from the hydrogel microparticles were described using the Peppas‐Sahlin model. The cytotoxic effect of designed delivery systems was studied by evaluating their impact on the proliferation, mitochondrial metabolic function, and lipid peroxidation level of 5637 human bladder cancer cells. The present work demonstrates that the physicochemical and biological features of fabricated microcarriers can be controlled by the type of encapsulated anti‐cancer agent and PE coating.
The importance of context (placebo effects) in conservative interventions for musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Saueressig Tobias , Owen Patrick J. , Pedder Hugo , Tagliaferri Scott , Kaczorowski Svenja , Altrichter Adina , Richard Antonia , Miller Clint T. , Donath Lars , Belavy Daniel L.
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective

Contextual effects (e.g. patient expectations) may play a role in treatment effectiveness. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of contextual effects for conservative, non‐pharmacological interventions for musculoskeletal pain conditions. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared placebo conservative non‐pharmacological interventions to no treatment for musculoskeletal pain. The outcomes assessed included pain intensity, physical functioning, health‐related quality of life, global rating of change, depression, anxiety and sleep at immediate, short‐, medium‐ and/or long‐term follow‐up.

Databases and Data Treatment

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to September 2021. Trial registry searches, backward and forward citation tracking and searches for prior systematic reviews were completed. The Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool was implemented.

Results

The study included 64 RCTs (N = 4314) out of 8898 records. For pain intensity, a mean difference of (MD: −5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): −7.20, −3.44, N = 57 studies with 74 outcomes, GRADE: very low) was estimated for placebo interventions. A small effect in favour of the placebo interventions for physical function was estimated (SMD: −0.22, 95% CI: −0.35, −0.09; N = 37 with 48 outcomes, GRADE: very low). Similar results were found for a broad range of patient‐reported outcomes. Meta‐regression analyses did not explain heterogeneity among analyses.

Conclusion

The study found that the contextual effect of non‐pharmacological conservative interventions for musculoskeletal conditions is likely to be small. However, given the known effect sizes of recommended evidence‐based treatments for musculoskeletal conditions, it may still contribute an important component.

Significance

Contextual effects of non‐pharmacological conservative interventions for musculoskeletal conditions are likely to be small for a broad range of patient‐reported outcomes (pain intensity, physical function, quality of life, global rating of change and depression). Contextual effects are unlikely, in isolation, to offer much clinical care. But these factors do have relevance in an overall treatment context as they provide almost 30% of the minimally clinically important difference.
Imogolite Nanotubes and Their Permanently Polarized Bifunctional Surfaces for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Paineau Erwan , Teobaldi Gilberto , Jiménez‐Calvo Pablo
Published: December 2023

To date, imogolite nanotubes (INTs) have been primarily used for environmental applications such as dye and pollutant degradation. However, imogolite's well‐defined porous structure and distinctive electro‐optical properties have prompted interest in the system's potential for energy‐relevant chemical reactions. The imogolite structure leads to a permanent intrawall polarization arising from the presence of bifunctional surfaces at the inner and outer tube walls. Density functional theory simulations suggest such bifunctionality to encompass also spatially separated band edges. Altogether, these elements make INTs appealing candidates for facilitating chemical conversion reactions. Despite their potential, the exploitation of imogolite's features for photocatalysis is at its infancy, thence relatively unexplored. This perspective overviews the basic physical‐chemical and optoelectronical properties of imogolite nanotubes, emphasizing their role as wide bandgap insulator. Imogolite nanotubes have multifaceted properties that could lead to beneficial outcomes in energy‐related applications. This work illustrates two case studies demonstrating a step‐forward on photocatalytic hydrogen production achieved through atomic doping or metal co‐catalyst. INTs exhibit potential in energy conversion and storage, due to their ability to accommodate functions such as enhancing charge separation and influencing the chemical potentials of interacting species. Yet, tapping into potential for energy‐relevant application needs further experimental research, computational, and theoretical analysis.