bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR DOCKING SENYAWA POTENSIAL ANTICOVID-19 SECARA IN SILICO
Authors: Perdana Analekta Tiara , Permana Angga Aditya
Published: July 2021

Pandemi COVID-19 memacu peneliti menginvestigasi beberapa senyawa potensial yang dapat menghambat SARS-CoV-2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi senyawa menggunakan pendekatan molecular docking untuk menghambat domain makro SARS-CoV-2 (PDB: 7CZ4). Evaluasi dilakukan berdasarkan skor docking menggunakan AutoDock Vina. Konformasi terbaik dari kompleks reseptor ligan diindikasikan oleh afinitas tertinggi atau energi bebas Gibbs’/ΔG paling negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curcumin, rhamnetin, mycophenolic acid dan quercetin memiliki afinitas tertinggi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan jumlah ikatan hidrogen dengan residu asam amino tertinggi sebagai indikator stabilitas secara berturut-turut: 4S0765P9W8, curcumin, rhamnetin dan mycophenolic acid. Hasil ini merupakan screening awal potensi senyawa tersebut sebagai anticovid-19 sehingga perlu dilengkapi dengan uji in vitro dan in vivo.
Substâncias Psicoativas no Contexto do Trabalhador da Saúde
Authors: Ribeiro Ítalo Arão Pereira , Marques Letícia Lacerda , Assis Luan Ribeiro dos Santos , Da Silveira Hélvia Nascimento , Lacerda Juliana Nunes , Mendes Marcos Ramon Ribeiro dos Santos
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: Refletir acerca da influência do trabalho para o uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas por trabalhadores de saúde. Metodologia: Estudo reflexivo. Resultados: O trabalho embora seja considerado uma atividade imprescindível para o homem, tem sido o principal causador do sofrimento psíquico vivenciado por alguns trabalhadores, em especial, os trabalhadores da saúde. Conclusão: Tal questão, além de descaracterizar o trabalhador quanto a sua atuação profissional, tem se configurado como fator preponderante para uso/abuso de substâncias psicoativas pelos trabalhadores, exigindo maiores discussões e reflexões a respeito da grave influência que o ambiente de trabalho tem sob os profissionais da saúde.
𝜷-hydroxybutyric acid attenuates oxidative stress and improves markers of mitochondrial function in the HT-22 hippocampal cell line
Authors: Majrashi Mohammed , Altukri Mansour , Ramesh Sindhu , Govindarajulu Manoj , Schwartz Jack , Almaghrabi Mohammed , Smith Forrest , Thomas Tony , Suppiramaniam Vishnu , Moore Timothy , Reed Miranda , Dhanasekaran Muralikrishnan
Published: July 2021

Ketone bodies have been the topic of research for their possible therapeutic neurotropic effects in various neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and seizures. However, continuing research on ketone bodies as a prophylactic agent for decreasing the risk for various neurodegenerative diseases is currently required. In this paper, hippocampal HT-22 cells were treated with β-hydroxybutyric acid at different doses to elucidate the neurotropic effects. In addition, markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis were investigated. As a result, the ketone body (β-hydroxybutyric acid) showed a significant increase in hippocampal neuronal viability at a moderate dose. Results show that β-hydroxybutyric acid exhibited antioxidant effect by decreasing prooxidant oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species, nitrite content, and increasing glutathione content leading to decreased lipid peroxidation. Results show that β-hydroxybutyric acid improved mitochondrial functions by increasing Complex-I and Complex-IV activities and showing that β-hydroxybutyric acid significantly reduces caspase-1 and caspase-3 activities. Finally, using computational pharmacokinetics and molecular modeling software, we validated the pharmacokinetic effects and pharmacodynamic (N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid and acetylcholinesterase) interactions of β-hydroxybutyric acid. The computational studies demonstrate that β-hydroxybutyric acid can interact with N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and cholinesterase enzyme (the prime pharmacodynamic targets for cognitive impairment) and further validates its oral absorption, distribution into the central nervous system. Therefore, this work highlights the neuroprotective potential of ketone bodies in cognitive-related neurodegenerative diseases.
On the correlation between serum Cystatin C and Parkinson’s disease in the Chinese population: a promising biomarker?
Authors: Yang Chang-Gui , Cai Si-Min , Liu Cui-Yi , Chen Chuan
Published: July 2021

As there is no clear biomarker to diagnose Parkinson’s disease, this meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluates the correlation between serum Cystatin C levels and Parkinson’s disease in the Chinese population by the meta-analysis method. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China national knowledge infrastructure, and China WanFang databases were systematically searched on the correlation between serum Cystatin C and Parkinson’s disease. The results showed that Cystatin C level in Parkinson’s disease patients compared with the control group, the standardized mean difference = 1.78 (95% CI: 1.33~2.24, P < 0.05). The level of Cystatin C in the late Parkinson’s disease stage compared with that in the mid-term of Parkinson’s disease, the standardized mean difference was = 0.78 (95% CI: 0.08~1.49, P < 0.05). The Cystatin C level in the mid-term of Parkinson’s disease compared with that in the early Parkinson’s disease stage, the standardized mean difference was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.35~2.12, P < 0.05). The level of Cystatin C in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment compared with Parkinson’s disease without mild cognitive impairment, the standardized mean difference was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.47~2.10, P < 0.05). The differences were all statistically significant. In conclusion, a high level of serum Cystatin C may be involved in the occurrence and development of Parkinson’s disease, whose level is higher in Parkinson’s disease patients with mild cognitive impairment than that in Parkinson’s disease without mild cognitive impairment. Therefore, Cystatin C in serum is a promising biomarker for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease.
Cognitive rehabilitation in a case of traumatic brain injury using EEG-based neurofeedback in comparison to conventional methods
Authors: Arroyo-Ferrer Aida , Noreña David de , Serrano Jose Ignacio , Ríos-Lago Marcos , Romero Juan Pablo
Published: July 2021

Severe traumatic brain injury residual cognitive impairments significantly impact the quality of life. EEG-based neurofeedback is a technique successfully used in traumatic brain injury and stroke to rehabilitate cognitive and motor sequelae. There are not individualized comparisons of the effects of EEG-based neurofeedback versus conventional neuropsychological rehabilitation. We present a case study of a traumatic brain injury subject in whom eight sessions of a neuropsychological rehabilitation protocol targeting attention, executive functions, and working memory as compared with a personalized EEG-based neurofeedback protocol focused on the electrodes and bands that differed from healthy subjects (F3, F1, Fz, FC3, FC1, and FCz), targeting the inhibition of theta frequency band (3 Hz−7 Hz) in the same number of sessions. Quantitative EEG and neuropsychological testing were performed. Clear benefits of EEG-based neurofeedback were found in divided and sustained attention and several aspects related to visuospatial skills and the processing speed of motor-dependent tasks. Correlative quantitative EEG changes justify the results. EEG-based neurofeedback is probably an excellent complementary technique to be considered to enhance conventional neuropsychological rehabilitation.
Hypersexuality in neurological diseases: do we see only the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Latella Desiree , Maggio Maria Grazia , Andaloro Adriana , Marchese Domenicaroberta , Manuli Alfredo , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this commentary is to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypersexuality and its manifestation in neurological diseases through a meta-analysis. Studies were identified by searching on PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases. All results of each database between 2014 and 2020 were evaluated for possible inclusion. After an accurate revision of complete manuscripts, forty articles satisfied the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data from our meta-analysis indicated hypersexuality to be a frequent sexual disorder in patients with neurological disorders, especially neurodegenerative ones. Hypersexuality could negatively affect a patient’s management and outcomes. This commentary discusses studies that are often incomplete for evaluation measures or sample selection. In our opinion, it is necessary to consider hypersexuality with particular attention, so more extensive sample studies are needed to find the most appropriate treatment to improve the quality of life for both the patient and the caregiver.
Non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in adolescence as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases in adulthood
Authors: Shoar Saeed , Ikram Waleed , Shah Ahmed Ali , Farooq Najam , Gouni Srikanth , Khavandi Soheila , Tabibzadeh Elsa , Khavandi Siamak
Published: July 2021

Defined as the total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL cholesterol has been increasingly acknowledged as a measure of risk estimation for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Comprising of apolipoprotein B100-containing cholesterols (very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a))), and apolipoprotein B48-containing lipoproteins (chylomicrons and its remnants), elevated serum levels of non-HDL cholesterol in early adolescence has been strongly linked with the development of ASCVD in adulthood. This article reviews the evidence from longitudinal studies, which demonstrate the cumulative risk of ASCVD in relation to the elevated levels of non-HDL cholesterol earlier in life.
Clinical overview of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for cardiovascular death
Authors: Abuelgasim Eyad , Shah Suleyman , Abuelgasim Biyaser , Soni Nikita , Thomas Ashvin , Elgasim Mustafa , Harky Amer
Published: July 2021

Global diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing. Metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, are associated with abnormal cardiac electrophysiology and increased risk of arrhythmias. Patients with both diabetes types (1 and 2) suffer from sudden cardac death (SCD) as a leading cause of mortality. Cardiovascular death is defined as death attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occurring shortly within the symptom onset. This usually arises from life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias that lead to hemodynamic instability, and subsequent shock and death. A variety of pathways have been suggested that link hypoglycaemia to the development of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including blood coagulation abnormalities, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and sympathoadrenal responses. We propose a four-step framework for the optimisation of SCD risk factors in diabetic patients, to include: raising awareness to influence health behaviour, provision of screening programs, use of technology within educational programs to improve patient engagement and effective provision of diabetic community teams.
Chronic disease management in heart failure: focus on telemedicine and remote monitoring
Authors: Alvarez Paulino , Sianis Alex , Brown Jessica , Ali Abbas , Briasoulis Alexandros
Published: July 2021

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, many barriers to telemedicine disappeared. Virtual visits and telemonitoring strategies became routine. Evidence is accumulating regarding the safety and efficacy of virtual visits to replace in-person visits. A structured approach to virtual encounters is recommended. Telemonitoring includes patient reported remote vital sign monitoring, information from wearable devices, cardiac implantable electronic devices and invasive remote hemodynamic monitoring. The intensity of the monitoring should match the risk profile of the patient. Attention to cultural and educational barriers is important to prevent disparities in telehealth implementation.
Contemporary management of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: the role of implantable devices and catheter ablation
Authors: Sohrabi Catrin , Ahsan Syed , Briasoulis Alexandros , Androulakis Emmanuel , Siasos Gerasimos , Srinivasan Neil T , Papageorgiou Nikolaos
Published: July 2021

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterised by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Evidence-based therapies for the management of HF include several well-established neurohormonal antagonists and antiarrhythmic drug therapy to mitigate the onset of cardiac arrhythmia. However, the degree of rate and rhythm control achieved is often suboptimal and mortality rates continue to remain high. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), cardiac resynchronization (CRT), and combined (CRT-D) therapies have emerged as integral and rapidly expanding technologies in the management of select patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). ICDs treat ventricular arrhythmia and are used as primary prophylaxis for sudden cardiac death, while CRT resynchronizes ventricular contraction to improve left ventricular systolic function. Left ventricular assist device therapy has also been shown to provide clinically meaningful survival benefits in patients with advanced HF, and His-bundle pacing has more recently emerged as a safe, viable, and promising pacing modality for patients with CRT indication. Catheter ablation is another important and well-established strategy for managing cardiac arrhythmia in HF, demonstrating superior efficacy when compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy alone. In this article, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth evaluation of the role of implantable devices and catheter ablation in patients with HFrEF, outlining current applications, recent advances, and future directions in practice.
Costs associated with transradial access and same-day discharge after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kulkarni Hemant , Thangam Manoj , Liu Spencer , DeVries James T. , Rothstein Eric , Young Michael N. , Amin Amit P.
Published: July 2021

Transradial access for PCI (TRI) along with same day discharge (SDD) is associated with varying estimates of cost savings depending on the population studied, the clinical scenario and application to low-risk vs high-risk patients. A summary estimate of the true cost savings of TRI and SDD are unknown. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE®, CINAHL® and Google Scholar® databases for published studies on hospitalization costs of TRI and SDD. Primary outcome of interest in all included studies was the cost saving with TRI (or SDD), inflation-corrected US$ 2018 values using the medical consumer price index. For meta-analytic synthesis, we used Hedges’ summary estimate (g) in a random-effects framework of the DerSimonian and Laird model, with inverse variance weights. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. The cost savings of TRI from four US studies of 349,757 patients reported a consistent and significant cost saving associated with TRI after accounting for currency inflation, of US$ 992 (95% CI US$ 850–1,134). The cost savings of SDD from six US studies of 1,281,228 patients, after inflation-correcting to the year 2018, were US$ 3,567.58 (95% CI US$ 2,303–4,832). In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that TRI and SDD are associated with mean cost reductions of by approximately US$ 1,000/patient and US$ 3,600/patient, respectively, albeit with wide heterogeneity in the cost estimates. When combined with the safety of TRI and SDD, this meta-analysis underscores the value of combining TRI and SDD pathways and calls for a wide-ranging practice change in the direction of TRI and SDD.
Lipidomic profile in patients with a very high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease on PCSK9 inhibitor therapy
Authors: Huang Kui , Wen Xiao-Qin , Ren Ning , Yang Li , Gao Bo
Published: July 2021

We evaluated the lipidomic profile of patients with very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). A total of 64 patients with a very high risk of ASCVD were recruited and randomLy divided into the atorvastatin group (20 mg, every night, 4 weeks) or the combined group (evolocumab, 140 mg, once every 2 weeks on top of atorvastatin (20 mg per day)). The level of serum lipids was detected before and after treatment for 4 weeks. The lipid classes of triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters, and sphingomyelins were analyzed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry system. There were 32 patients in each group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in both groups and the level of lipoprotein-a (Lp-a) in the combined group were lower. In the combined treatment group, the levels of TC, LDL-C, and Lp-a decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after 4 weeks of treatment. Most of the lipid classes in plasma decreased in the combined group at 4 weeks, especially sphingolipids. Only 1 patient had an adverse event (a rash) in the combined group, which improved after anti-allergic treatment. PCSK9 inhibitors can rapidly and effectively reduce most lipid classes in patients with very-high-risk ASCVD.
Unilateral absence of pulmonary artery analysis based on echocardiographic feature
Authors: Tian Mingjun , Zheng Minjuan
Published: July 2021

The unilateral absence of pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation, which is asymptomatic and easy to be ignored in early stage. A large number of complications may occur in the later stage. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is of great significance. The imaging data of 49 patients with UAPA discovered and confirmed clinically by the echocardiography in our hospital are analyzed. The results show that left pulmonary artery absence is more common (55%) and most of them are associated with other cardiovascular malformations (92%). Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale were most common in 56%. In which the absence of isolated pulmonary artery was 8% (4/49), and the absence of right pulmonary artery was 75% (3/4). Especially in the patients with tetralogy of Fallot, 77% (5/9) of them miss the diagnosis of UAPA. This suggests that doctors and sonographers should pay attention to the development of pulmonary artery bifurcation and left and right branches in multi-section, and strengthen the scanning of short axis section of high large artery.
Prognostic nutritional index as a marker of mortality: an observational cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Gucu Arif , Ozluk Ozlem Arican , Sunbul Sadik Ahmet , Engin Mesut , Seker Ibrahim Burak , Sunbul Ayse
Published: July 2021

Nutritional problem of the patient is a valuable stiuation in patients undergoing surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and postoperative in-mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. 1003 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery in our hospital between January 2016–January 2020 were included in this study retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups based on in-hospital mortality, as survivors (Group I, n = 934) and non-survivors (Group II, n = 69). Their preoperative nutritional status was determined using the PNI. Compared to survivors, non-survivors were found to have a significantly higher mean age (62.5 ± 10.8 vs. 67.45 ± 10.1, P < 0.001) and significantly lower mean preoperative ejection fraction (51.6 ± 0.3 vs. 44.5 ± 1.2, P < 0.001). And combined cardiac surgery rate was significantly higher in non-survivors (P = 0.009). Also non-survivors had a significantly lower mean PNI compared to survivors (44.76 ± 7.63 vs. 48.34 ± 6.71, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis Model 1 revealed that age (Odds ratio (OR): 1.756; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.250–3.790, P = 0.029), intra-aortic balloon pump usage (OR: 2.252, 95% CI: 1.885–6.194, P < 0.001), combined cardiac surgery (OR: 0.542, 95% CI: 0.428–0.690, P = 0.041) and the PNI (OR: 0.639, 95% CI: 0.552–0.874, P = 0.021) were independent predictors of mortality. In Model 2, age >70 (OR: 2.437, 95% CI: 1.983–5.390, P = 0.005), LVEF <35% (OR: 1.945, 95% CI: 1.586–3.492, P = 0.012), IABP usage (OR: 1.365, 95% CI: 1.109–2.196, P = 0.001) and PNI (OR: 0.538, 95% CI: 0.492–0.791, P = 0.033) were determined as independent predictors for mortality. In on-pump cardiac surgery, postoperative mortality is significantly associated with preoperative low PNI, and PNI can be a useful and suitable parameter for preoperative risk evaluation.
“You’re Not Being Serious Enough!”: Renegotiating Relationships during Lockdown
Authors: Dempsey Lauren
Published: July 2021

The outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 led to a UK lockdown, where citizens were asked to stay at home for an undefined period. This forced people to make sudden decisions regarding where to live and who they would not see. Through 18 semi-structured interviews with individuals aged 27-72, this paper explores how people maintained friend-based, romantic, familial and professional relationships during lockdown in Spring 2020. The enforced separation following lockdown motivated people to reconsider how they conducted relationships in and outside the home. Within the household, people verbally and physically renegotiated boundaries to ensure relationship harmony. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) was utilised to maintain connections with estranged relationships, as people accessed new platforms to replicate familiar face-to-face (F2F) processes online. This article considers the disruption to relationships experienced during this time, providing an in-the-moment insight into the use of CMC in maintaining relationships during the first UK lockdown.
Тhe Image of Rabbi Yehudah ha-Nasi in Talmudic Literature
Authors: Sinichkin Yaakov
Published: July 2021

The article examines a variety of sources from the Babylonian Talmud and the Midrash trying to establish why, despite the visible veneration of Rabbi Yehuda-ha-Nasi (called also just Rabbi, Rabbi Judas the Prince in Talmudic literature), he was also heavily and sharply criticized both for his moral character and his ways of management.
MENGGANTI JANTUNG EKONOMI PASAR BEBAS_ RAHMI 121
Authors: Rahmi
Published: July 2021

Saat ini pasar bebas bahkan hampir tersebar ke seluruh dunia, sekitar 95%. Tetapi konsep?konsep yang digunakan pasar bebas ini banyak yang tidak bertetapan dengan prinsip syariah. Maka dari itu penulis akan memberikan penjelasan tentang bagaimana kita bisa tetap mempertahankan dan menjaga pasar sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Jantung pasar merupakan faktor yang paling berperan penting dalam perkembangan pasar, dimana semua hal-hal akan berhubungan dengan jantung pasar. Dilihat dari pasar kapitalisme yang menjadikan bank dan pasar modal yang akan menyedot semua uang yang beredar di seluruh negara bahkan seluruh dunia.
HUKUM TATANEGARA
Authors: ALAMSYAH
Published: July 2021

Kewarga negaraan memiliki peran strategis dalam penguatan multikulturalisme di Indonesia. Namun, muatan pembelajaran kewarga negaraan di tingkat SD hingga perguruan tinggi menunjukan minimnya fenomena yang menggali nilai-nilai multi kultural berbasis kerifan local. Referensi teori yang diperoleh dengan metode studi literatur disajikan sebagai landasan.
Keterkaitan Profesionalisme Guru dan Motivasi dalam Bekerja terhadap Etos Kerja
Authors: Mayangsari Dwi
Published: July 2021

Guru merupakan tenaga kependidikan yang memiliki tugas utama untuk mendidik, mengajar, melatih, serta mengarahkan peserta didik agar memiliki kesiapan dalam menghadapi persaingan global yang semakin ketat dengan bangsa lain. Oleh karena itu kedudukan guru sebagai tenaga professional sangatalah penting dalam terwujudnya visi dan misi penyelenggaraan pembelajaran pada satuan pendidikan dimana ia melaksanakan tugasnya. Dalam hal ini guru adalah komponen penting dalam keberhasilan proses pembelajaran, dimana kualitas guru adalah hal yang utama
tugas hukum tatanegara
Authors: st awaliyah rahma
Published: July 2021

Perubahan mendasar dalam UUD 1945 adalah amandemen Pasal 1 ayat (2) sebagai berikut: “Kedaulatan ada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut UUD”. Perubahan UUD 1945 telah melahirkan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, konstitusi dijamin sebagai hukum tertinggi yang dapat ditegakkan sebagaimana mestinya. MK dalam perkembangannya, dikhawatirkan akan menjadi lembaga yang memiliki kewenangan super body. Khususnya dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait dengan kewenangannya, MK dapat secara sepihak menafsirkan UUD tanpa dimintai keterangan, selain itu menghasilkan putusan MK. bersifat final dan mengikat, sehingga apabila ada salah satu pihak yang merasa dirugikan atas putusan MK tersebut tidak dapat melakukan upaya hukum lainnya. Dari pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, karena penelitian dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan status dan kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam sistem hukum tata negara Indonesia.
The categorization of geometric objects in 3D and 2D contexts depends on invariant referents
Authors: Stephan Simon , Placì Sarah , Waldmann Michael R. , Vallortigara Giorgio
Published: July 2021

The categorization of geometric objects is one of the most fundamental problems all intelligent systems have to deal with in dynamic environments in which objects' geometrical configuration constantly changes. Animals, including humans, do not treat all geometrical differences equally: they ignore some geometrical features when it comes to generalization but not others. So far, no theory has been presented that explains this cognitive phenomenon. We here propose and empirically test such a theory. The theory identifies and relies on the invariant referents existing in 3D (i.e., gravity) and 2D (e.g., any 2D frame) environments to predict the geometrical differences reasoners consider as important or irrelevant for object categorization. We test and confirm a novel central prediction of the theory, namely that human reasoners categorize objects differently in 3D and 2D environments. These findings cast new light on core cognitive abilities that minds use to make sense of the world.
Butt-dialing the devil: Evil agents are expected to disregard intentions behind requests
Authors: Dunk Rebecca Joy , Goulding Brandon W. , Fugelsang Jonathan Albert , Friedman Ori
Published: July 2021

Evil supernatural beings are often depicted as responding to unintended requests, whereas this may be less common in representations of good supernatural beings. This asymmetry suggests that people may expect good and evil agents to differ in their sensitivity to other people's intentions. We investigated this proposal across five experiments on 2231 adult US residents. In Experiments 1 to 4, participants judged whether good or evil agents would grant requests from individuals who varied in their understanding of what they requested, and in whether they executed requests correctly. Across experiments, the good and evil agents were either supernatural beings or regular humans. Participants predicted good agents would be sensitive to intentions behind requests, but predicted evil agents would be comparatively insensitive to these intentions. In some experiments, they also predicted that evil agents would be more sensitive to whether requests were executed correctly. In Experiment 5, participants rated explanations for why an agent would grant a request from someone who did not understand what they were requesting. Participants thought evil agents might grant such requests because they are indifferent to the others' intentions, but participants did not strongly endorse this explanation for good agents. Taken together, our findings suggest that people have distinct expectations of how moral character affects decision-making. They also suggest that people's beliefs about good and evil supernatural beings may be grounded in their views of ordinary humans.
Individual Differences in Working Memory Capacity and Visual Search While Reading
Authors: Redden Ralph S. , Eady Kaylee , Klein Raymond M , Saint-Aubin Jean
Published: July 2021

Individual differences in working memory capacity are related to variations in a wide range of cognitive tasks. Surprisingly, effects of individual differences in working memory capacity are somewhat limited in visual search tasks. Here we tested the hypothesis that such an effect would be robust when search was one component of a dual task. Participants were presented strings of letters using rapid serial visual presentation and were required to detect all instances of a particular target letter. In Experiment 1, participants performed the letter search task in three contexts, while: a) reading a prose passage, b) processing a stream of random words, or c) processing a random stream of non-words. In the absence of the dual task of reading prose, and in line with much of the literature on individual differences in working memory capacity and visual search, search performance was unaffected by working memory capacity. As hypothesized, however, higher working memory capacity participants detected more target letters than lower capacity participants in the “true” dual task (searching while reading prose). The hypothesized results from the prose passage were replicated in Experiment 2. These results show that visual search efficiency is dramatically affected by working memory capacity when searching is combined with another cognitive task but not when it is performed in isolation. Our findings are consistent with recent suggestions that visual search efficiency will be affected by working memory capacity so long as searching is embedded in a context that entails managing resource allocation between concurrent tasks.
Supernatural punishment beliefs as cognitively compelling tools of social control
Authors: Fitouchi Léo , Singh Manvir
Published: July 2021

Why do humans develop beliefs in supernatural entities that punish uncooperative behaviors? Leading hypotheses maintain that these beliefs are widespread because they facilitate cooperation, allowing their groups to outcompete others in inter-group competition. Focusing on within-group interactions, we present a model in which people strategically endorse supernatural punishment beliefs to manipulate others into cooperating. Others accept these beliefs, meanwhile, because they are made compelling by various cognitive biases: They appear to provide information about why misfortune occurs; they appeal to intuitions about immanent justice; they contain threatening information; and they allow believers to signal their trustworthiness. Explaining supernatural beliefs requires considering both motivations to invest in their endorsement and the reasons others adopt them.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Motivasi Kerja
Authors: Darmadi  , Sari Ratna
Published: July 2021

Dalam era globalisasi persaingan usaha semakin ketat dan sengit. Oleh karena itu, peran pemimpin sangat penting untuk membawa perusahaan atau usaha ke arah yang tepat. Dengan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat, maka kinerja karyawan dan sistem manajemen perusahaan akan berjalan dengan baik. Selain itu, pemimpin juga dituntut untuk memberikan inovasi-inovasi sehingga usaha yang berjalan akan bisa menghadapi berbagai tantangan zaman.Buku yang ada di hadapan pembaca ini adalah buku yang mengulas tentang gaya kepemimpinan transformasional. Dalam era disrupsi yang selalu berubah dan tidak menentu, dunia usaha harus dituntut untuk berubah. Oleh karena itu, pemimpin yang mampu mengubah dan menggerakan adalah pemimpin yang cocok dalam era saat ini. Kepemimpinan transformasional akan mampu membawa perubahan dan inovasi dalam bisnis. Bagi anda yang ingin menjadi pemimpin yang inspiratif dan mampu mengubah dunia, buku ini layak dibaca oleh anda. Belajarlah untuk berubah dan siap dalam setiap perubahan zaman.
From risk perception to accident
Authors: Oppong Seth
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of comprehension of road hazards communication designs and safety climate on risk perception as well as the effect of the latter on road traffic accidents among commercial vehicle drivers in Ghana. Two hundred and twenty-six (226) commercial vehicle drivers participated in this study. Questionnaires were administered to drivers who travel outbound from Accra to nine (9) other regions of Ghana to enhance the external validity of the research findings. Path analysis, using structural equation modelling, was performed on the data obtained. Results of the SEM or path analysis revealed that all the hypothesized relationships were significant except three paths. The non-significant ones included the paths from RHCDs comprehension to risk perception and to driver decision making respectively, as well as the path from driver decision making to risk-taking behaviour. Overall, the model fitting showed that the proposed model for the study derived principally from the risk chain process model has empirical support. The implications are that risk perception influences risk-taking behaviour and decision making, whereas the latter influences risk exposure. In addition, safety climate influences risk perception, risk-taking behaviour, and road traffic accidents. Similarly, risk-taking behaviour influences risk exposure while risk exposure influences road traffic involvement. These implications were discussed in the light of the existing theory and extant empirical literature.
Taṫwīr al-fidyū al-Ta’līmīy fī Ta’līm lilluģati al-‘Arabīyah bi al-Madrasati al-Mutawwasiṫati al-Hukūmīyah 31 Jakarta
Authors: Marzuq Ahmad , Arifah Fatwa , Shobuhah Ikhsania
Published: July 2021

تطوير تكنولوجيا المعلومات التي لها تأثير على مجال التعليم، ثم حاجة الطلبة إلى الوسيلة التعليمية الإبداعية ولكن قدرة محدودة للمعلمين على تلبية هذه الاحتياجات تشجع على الابتكار في عملية إعداد التعلم. ومن هذه الابتكارات إنشاء الوسيلة التعليمية الفيديو التعليمي.  يهدف هذا البحث تطوير الوسيلة التعليمية بالفيديو التعليمي للغة العربية لطلبة الفصل السابع في المدرسة المتوسطة الحكومية 31 جاكرتا. يستخدم هذا البحث طريقة البحث التطوير مع نموذج التطوير ADDIE. تحد الباحثة خطوات الطريقة المستخدمة وهي تحليل, تصميم, تطوير, تجربة, تقييم. واستنادا إلى تحليل الاحتياجات الذي تم الحصول عليه من عينة بيانات من 50 طالبا من الفصل السابع المدرسة المتوسطة الحكومية 31 جاكرتا, أظهرت النتائج أن ما يصل إلى 48 طالباً (96%) تشعر بالسعادة والاهتمام باستخدام الوسيلة الإبداعية والابتكارية لتعلم خاصة في حالة التعلم عن بعد، فكذلك مطلوب تطوير الوسيلة التعليمية بالفيديو التعليمي. أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن الوسيلة التعليمية بالفيديو  التعليمي للغة العربية التي طورتها الباحثة وفقًا للمواد التعليمية المستخمدة من مشروع "كتاب العربي لطلبة الفصل السابع" أن هذه الوسيلة التعليمية لائق جدا لاستخدامها في الفصول الدراسية، وخاصة في تعلم عن بعد. وتستند هذه النتائج إلى عملية التقييم التي أجراها الخبراء من خلال الاستبيانات، وكذلك تقييم استجابات الطلبة بعد استخدام مقاطع الفيديو لتعلم اللغة العربية التي طورتها الباحثة.
Persepsi Guru dan Siswa terhadap Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Arab Berbasis Mind Mapping
Authors: Arsyad Berti , Sarif Suharia , Khasriani Sitti
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi Siswa dan Guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah Kabupaten Gorontalo terhadap buku ajar Bahasa Arab Kurikulum 2013 dan persepsi Siswa dan Guru Madrasah Tsanawiyah terhadap bahan ajar bahasa arab berbasis mind mapping. Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif kualitatif, dengan sumber data diperoleh dari hasil kuisioner dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Guru mata pelajaran dan siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah di Kabupaten Gorontalo meniali bahwa bahan ajar bahasa arab dalam hal ini buku bahasa arab kurikulum 2013 sudah baik dan tepat digunakan, hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil persentase mencapai 80%. (2) Persepsi Guru mata pelajaran bahasa Arab dan Siswa Madrasah Tsanawiyah di Kabupaten Gorontalo terhadap bahan ajar bahasa Arab berbasis mind mapping sangat baik, dan sangat tepat digunakan dalam mendukung bahan ajar yang ada, dengan dibuktikan hasil persentase penilaian siswa 90% dengan kualifikasi “sangat baik”.
Situation Method dalam Pembelajaran Sharaf di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Ahyani Hisam
Published: July 2021

Dalam proses belajar mengajar tanpa adanya metode, maka seorang Guru atau Dosen akan kesulitan dalam menyampaikan materi yang hendak disampaikan. Di Era yang serba digital ini yakni yang biasa disebut dengan Era Revlusi Industri 4.0 masih banyak Guru atau Dosen yang kebingungan mengatasi permasalahan metode ajar yang hendak digunakan. Berangkat dari permasalahan inilah penulis berkeinginan memaparkan metode pembelajaran pada mata kuliah bahasa arab (pembelajaran Sharaf)serta menganalisa metode pembelajaran tersebut yang tentunya metode pembelajaran yang digunakan adalah metode yang sangat relevan dan Up to Date di zaman sekarang (Era Revolusi Industri 4.0). Mata kuliah Bahasa arab  (Khususnya pembelajaran Sharaf) dapat dikatakan memiliki karakteristik yang cukup rumit, yang mana perlu memperbanyak hafalan yang memungkinkan siswa dapat menguasai materi Sharaf tersebut. Akan tetapi perlu diketahui dalam proses belajar mengajar tidak boleh adanya penekanan, hal ini dikarenakan akan menjadikan psikis Siswa menjadi lemah. Untuk itu penulis menawarkan sebuah metode yang jitu untuk pembelajaran Sharaf yaitu“Metode Memperhatikan Situasi” (SituationMethod) sebagai jawabannya. Metode ini diterapkan guna memudahkan siswa dalam mempelajari Materi Sharaf tanpa menekan pada Psikis Siswa. .
The Origin of the So-Called Fenian Raid on Manitoba in 1871
Authors: Perry Pritchett John
Published: July 2021

On August 24, 1870, the British regulars of the Red River Expedition, under the command of Colonel Wolseley, captured Fort Garry. Shortly before the capture, in fact less than half an hour before the provisional government of Assiniboia “evacuated,” Riel, O’Donoghue, and Lépine, the principals, fled to the United States – Riel retiring to St. Joseph, a scraggy half-breed settlement on the Pembina River, O’Donoghue and Lépine making Pembina their rendezvous. Here they awaited the issue of events, especially the publication of a proclamation of general amnesty for all the illegal acts and irregularities committed in the name of the provisional government, which Bishop Taché and the Reverend Father Ritchot had promised would be forthcoming. They waited in vain. Bishop Taché had given the assurance in the name of the Canadian government, but he had done so unauthorized. The Reverend Father Ritchot’s guarantees were “manifestly unwarranted,” and can only be explained by an “incomprehensible misapprehension or an extraordinarily treacherous mind.”
A Footnote to History: Was Louis Riel an American Citizen?
Authors: Stanley George F.G
Published: July 2021

The recent announcement of the discovery of a United States naturalization certificate for Louis Riel in the Manitoba Archives was the occasion for a certain amount of comment in the Canadian press. It was stated that there had been no previous evidence to show that Riel had become an American citizen during the period of his residence in Montana. Several newspapers commented editorially upon the discovery. Although the fact that Riel was an American citizen when he was convicted of treason in 1885 was not unknown to students of Western Canadian history, it did come, apparently, as a surprise to many. The details with respect to Louis Riel may, therefore, not be without interest to the readers of the Canadian Historical Review.
Why Was Louis Riel, a United States Citizen, Hanged as a Canadian Traitor in 1885?
Authors: Mumford Jeremy Ravi
Published: July 2021

In what sense was Louis Riel, a foreign citizen who had formally renounced his allegiance to Britain, a traitor to the Queen? And why did his adopted country, the United States, do nothing to protect him? Since the Canadian Naturalization Act of 1881 for the first time permitted emigrants to renounce their British allegiance, Riel’s legal status was no different from that of any foreigner, and to charge a foreigner with treason was unusual and controversial. The United States, furthermore, had a history of advocating aggressively for citizens charges with crimes abroad, even when they were clearly guilty, and especially for political militants in Britain and Canada. Yet for a number of independent reasons, including decisions of courtroom strategy and the internal politics of the United States in 1885, Riel’s lawyers and his adopted government chose not to raise his citizenship as an issue. The surprising silence about his US citizenship at the end of his life has distorted our historical understanding of Riel as a figure of the nineteenth-century Canadian-American borderland.
Evaluation of Four High Velocity Thermal Spray Guns Using WC-10Co-4Cr Cermets
Authors: Legoux J.G. , Arsenault B. , Moreau C. , Bouyer V. , Leblanc L.
Published: July 2021

Four high velocity thermal spray guns were evaluated in the production of 10%Co-4%Cr tungsten carbide cermets. Three HVOF guns (the JP-5000, JP-5000ST and DJ-2700) and one plasma gun, (the Mettech Axial III) were used to spray the same angular, agglomerated and crushed WC-10Co-4Cr powder. The DPV-2000 was used to monitor the in-flight velocity and temperature of the WC cermet sprayed particles. From those values, spray conditions were selected to produce coatings that were evaluated in terms of porosity, hardness and deposition efficiency. Results show that the plasma Axial III provides the highest particle temperature, between 2000°C and 2600°C, depending on the spray conditions. The JP-5000 imparts the highest velocity to the particles, between 550 m/s and 700 m/s, depending on the spray conditions. The ST version of the JP-5000 provides the same velocity as the standard version but with lower particle temperature. The DJ-2700 sprays particles with temperature and velocity between those of the JP5000 and the Mettech Axial III. Minimum porosity values of 2.1%, 3.7% and 5.3%) were obtained for the JP-5000, the DJ-2700 and the Axial III guns respectively. The porosity and carbide degradation are found to mostly depend on the particle velocity and temperature respectively. The values for the Vickers microhardness number (200g) ranged from 950 to 1250. Measurements of the deposition efficiency indicated a variation between 10 and 80%o, depending on the spray conditions and the gun used.
Statistical Optimization of HVAF Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings for Minimizing Decarburization
Authors: Matthews S.J. , Hyland M.M.
Published: July 2021

High-velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying was selected for spray trials of a Cr3C2-NiCr powder. To determine the effect of spray parameters on coating characteristics, particularly porosity and phase degradation, a statistical design of experiments was implemented. A wide range of statistical designs have been applied to the optimization of thermal spray coatings with a great deal of success. In this instance, a lack of prior knowledge and the need to assess many process-variable interactions efficiently led to the selection of a two-level full factorial design. High and low settings for each variable, including spray distance, traverse speed, and powder feedrate, were chosen based on the ranges typically used to spray similar materials. The resulting coatings were assessed for microhardness, porosity, residual stress, deposition efficiency, and phase transformation, after which several follow-up runs were conducted to explore trends brought to light by the initial factorial design.
Abrasive Wear Resistance of Plasma-Sprayed Glass-Composite Coatings
Authors: Gawne D.T. , Qiu Z. , Zhang T. , Bao Y. , Zhang K.
Published: July 2021

A ball-milled mixture of glass and alumina powders has been plasma sprayed to produce alumina-glass composite coatings. The coatings have the unique advantage of a melted ceramic secondary phase parallel to the surface in an aligned platelet composite structure. The alumina raises the hardness from 300HV for pure glass coatings to 900HV for a 60wt% alumina-glass composite coating. The scratch resistance increases by a factor of three and the wear resistance by a factor of five. The glass wears by the formation and intersection of cracks. The alumina wears by fine abrasion and supports most of the sliding load. The wear resistance reached a plateau at 40-50vol% alumina, which corresponds to the changeover from a glass to a ceramic matrix. Keywords: glass composite coatings, wear, thermal spraying
Study of Public Transport Development in South Bali Districts: Potential Public Transport Mode
Authors:   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, Putri Adni Bidari , Farda Muhammad ,   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia, Santosa Sigit Puji ,   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia,   Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, Dirgahayani Puspita ,   National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology, Bandung, Indonesia,   School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, Suthanaya Putu Alit ,   Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia, Andani I Gusti Ayu ,   School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, Sutanto Hansen ,   School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, Charky Laily Rochmatul ,   School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia,   Research and Development Agency, Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, Jakarta, Indonesia, Nurjanah Nunuj ,   Research and Development Agency, Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: July 2021

Bali Province in Indonesia is one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the world. The number of tourists visiting this province keeps increasing year by year parallel with the increase of the population of local citizens. Such a phenomenon will certainly increase travel demand and put pressure on the current transport infrastructure. Hence, transport infrastructure development is essential to support the travel demand. This study explores the possibility of implementing a new public transport system in the South Bali District, a district with numerous tourist attractions and activity centres. Data collection on the current transport system and land use in the district were carried out to understand potential corridors for public transport. A stated preference survey was also conducted to discover the public transport mode preferred by the respondents, encompassing tourists and local citizens. This study then recommends the type of public transport mode to be implemented in the district based on i) space availability, ii) respondent preference, and iii) ability to accommodate demand based on calculation. The study concludes that Automated Rapid Transit (ART) is a mode that has the highest potential to be implemented in South Bali Districts.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Makhkamova Mamlakat , Allaeva Gulchekhra
Published: July 2021

The article shows the main aspects of the formation and development of the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Such concepts as digital economy, digitalization, digital technologies are considered. The promising directions of development of the national economy in the field of ICT are investigated, the urgent tasks of digital development in the republic are considered. The main achievements in the implementation and use of information technologies in public administration and various sectors of the economy are presented.