bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Knowledge in Food Democracy
Authors: Adelle Camilla
Published: October 2019

If food democracy is about who gets to determine the food that we eat and the character of the underlying food system, then we must examine not only who gets to make decisions that impact on food but also on what evidence, or knowledge, these decisions are made. This article argues that widening the democratic scope of knowledge on which our decisions on food are based is an essential component of food democracy. Food democracies do not just call for citizens to be knowledgeable about the food system but for all stakeholders to actively contribute to the holistic understanding of the food system. Four dimensions of knowledge democracy are set out: The co-production of knowledge with stakeholders; harnessing non-cognitive knowledge represented in arts and culture; knowledge as a tool for action; and the open access and sharing of knowledge. This framework is then used to explore how knowledge is currently already produced and used in a way that enhances food democracy, including through Participatory Action Research with peasant farmers, using the arts to create a ‘contemplative commons’ about food and the unique dialogue process through which the social movement La Vía Campesina operates. Based on these, and other, examples the article concludes that universities, and other recognized centres of knowledge production, need to focus not only on creating new knowledge partnerships but also on finding spaces to challenge and shift accepted ways of knowing in order to better promote food democracy.
Food Democracy as ‘Radical’ Food Sovereignty: Agrarian Democracy and Counter-Hegemonic Resistance to the Neo-Imperial Food Regime
Authors: Tilzey Mark
Published: October 2019

This article argues that a thoroughgoing and meaningful food democracy should entail something closely akin to ‘radical’ food sovereignty, a political programme which confronts the key social relational bases of capitalism. The latter comprise, in essence, ‘primitive accumulation,’ the alienability or commodification of land and other fundamental use values, and market dependence. A thoroughgoing food democracy of this kind thus challenges the structural separation of the ‘economic’ and ‘political’ spheres within capitalism and the modern state (the state-capital nexus), a separation which enables purely political rights and obligations (‘political’ freedom or formal democracy) whilst simultaneously leaving unconstrained the economic powers of capital and their operation through market dependence (‘economic’ unfreedom or the lack of substantive democracy). We argue that much ‘food democracy’ discourse remains confined to this level of ‘political’ freedom and that, if food sovereignty is to be realized, this movement needs to address ‘economic’ unfreedom, in other words, to subvert capitalist social-property relations. We argue further that the political economy of food constitutes but a subset of these wider social relations, such that substantive food democracy is seen here to entail, like ‘radical’ food sovereignty, an abrogation of the three pillars upholding capitalism (primitive accumulation, absolute property rights, market dependence) as an intrinsic part of a wider and more integrated movement towards livelihood sovereignty. We argue here that the abrogation of these conditions upholding the state-capital nexus constitutes an essential part of the transformation of capitalist social-property relations towards common ‘ownership’―or, better, stewardship―of the means of livelihood, of which substantive food democracy is a key component.
Finding Our Way to Food Democracy: Lessons from US Food Policy Council Governance
Authors: Bassarab Karen , Clark Jill K. , Santo Raychel , Palmer Anne
Published: October 2019

Food policy councils (FPCs) are an embodiment of food democracy, providing a space for community members, professionals, and government to learn together, deliberate, and collectively devise place-based strategies to address complex food systems issues. These collaborative governance networks can be considered a transitional stage in the democratic process, an intermediary institution that coordinates interests not typically present in food policymaking. In practice, FPCs are complex and varied. Due to this variety, it is not entirely clear how the structure, membership, and relationship to government of an FPC influence its policy priorities. This article will examine the relationship between an FPC’s organizational structure, relationship to government, and membership and its policy priorities. Using data from a 2018 survey of FPCs in the United States by the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future paired with illustrative cases, we find that an FPC’s relationship to government and membership have more bearing on its policy priorities than the organizational structure. Further, the cases illustrate how membership is determined and deliberation occurs, highlighting the difficulty of including underrepresented voices in the process.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Juvenile Diabetes) – A Review for the Pediatric Oral Health Provider
Authors: Bimstein E , Zangen D , Abedrahim W , Katz J
Published: October 2019

Objective: To describe the significance of type 1 diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes) to the pediatric oral health provider. Relevance: The oral health provider must be aware of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) characteristics, influence of on oral health, each patient pre-operative diabetic management, symptoms and treatment of hypo and hyper-glycemia, and the clinical implications before, during and after treatment of children with T1DM. Study design: A review of the scientific literature about the T1DM influence on dental development, caries prevalence, gingival and periodontal diseases, wound healing, salivary and taste dysfunction, oral infections, and the factors that must be taken in consideration before, during and after oral treatment of children with T1DM is presented. Conclusion: The increasing prevalence of T1DB in children strongly emphasizes the need for oral health providers to be aware of the complicacy of the treatment aimed to obtain and maintain acceptable blood glucose levels in diabetic children, the effect of diabetes on the oral cavity, the possible serious complications due to hypo- or hyper glycemia before, during and after oral treatments, the effect of stress on blood glucose levels, and the special behavioral interaction between the diabetic child, his/her family and the oral health providers.
Importance of Dental Clinic Recalls for Caries Prevention in Children: Practice-Based Research
Authors: Rédua Renato Barcellos , Rédua Paulo César Barbosa , de Oliveira Lira Ortega Adriana
Published: October 2019

Objective: to investigate the association between caries incidence in children and the number of clinical preventive visits and follow-up period (intervals). Study Design: a 30-year cohort composed of the dental records of 600 children who were 12–23 months old at their first dental appointment and who were followed up to 12 years of age (200 followed since 1981, Group 1; 200 followed since 1991, Group 2; and 200 followed since 2001, Group 3) was analytically and quantitatively evaluated. Random sample calculation was performed with 95% confidence, a maximum error of 2.95% and a ratio of 50%. Results: association was found between caries incidence and the number of dental visits and consultation intervals. Children who attended a smaller number of preventive visits had a higher incidence of the disease. Children who had an interval between returns greater than 12 months had an 18.7-times greater caries risk compared to children who had intervals no longer than 8 months between return visits. Conclusions: preventive consultations with an average interval of up to 8 months seemed to increase family adherence to preventive procedures and acted as a protective factor against caries incidence in children.
Cytotoxic Evaluation of Daphne pontica L. Aerial Part Extracts on Three Cancerous Cell Lines by MTT Assay
Authors: Eskandari Behshad , Safavi Maliheh , Sadati Lamardi Seyede Nargess , Vazirian Mahdi
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, cancer is the second prevalent cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases in developed and the third one in developing countries. Adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents bring the necessity of investigating about new medications with fewer side effects. Daphne L. genus is one of the natural sources with valuable reported anticancer effects. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effect of some extracts from the aerial parts of Daphne pontica collected from North of Iran on cancer cell lines.Extraction of the plant material was performed by maceration (3×72 h) of 200 g of sample with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The total extract was also obtained by maceration of the sample with 80% ethanol. Different concentrations of the dried extracts were prepared to assess their cytotoxic effect by 24 h incubation of cell lines with different extracts and then MTT (dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium) assay on three cancerous cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D), performed in triplicate. IC50 was then estimated from curves constructed by plotting cell survival (%) versus sample concentration (µg/ml). Results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction of D. pontica had the most potent cytotoxic effect in MTT assay with IC50 = 977.46 µg/ml; while other fractions were weaker in toxicity (IC50>1000 µg/ml). By comparing to potent cytotoxic effects of other Daphne species, it seems that the cytotoxic properties of D. pontica is different from other species of this genus since according to this study, no significant antineoplastic properties against the three breast cancer cell lines were determined. Further studies on other pharmacological activities of this plant are recommended.
The Approach of Traditional Persian Medicine to Treatment of Anal Fissure
Authors: Mosleh Ghazaleh , Nimrouzi Majid , Badr Parmis , Abolhasanzadeh Zohreh , Azadi Amir , Mohagheghzadeh Abdolali
Published: October 2019

The common disorder of anal fissure is a painful linear crack in lining of anus. So-called Shiqaq-e-maghad in Persian medical manuscripts has different etiologically-oriented therapies. The aim of this study was to describe the therapeutic guideline for anal fissure in Persian Medicine. Six manuscripts including al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, Qanun fi-Tibb, Qarabadin Kabir, Tibb Akbari, Makhzan-al-Adviah and Exir-e Azam were searched using the keyword of Shiqaq-e-maghad. Although the exact etiology of anal fissure is still uncertain, it has been suggested that a local trauma may cause spasm in internal sphincter of anus leading to a local ischemia and anal fissure. Based on traditional viewpoint, dystemperament, defecation problem, hemorrhoid, inflammation, fullness of veins, and trauma are reasons of anal fissure needing four types of medication including anti-inflammatory drugs, emollients, wound healing agents, and selective remedies. Considering neglected points of traditional outlook will broaden the paths to cure anal fisher.
Cauterization in the Work of Ibn Al Qaf Masihi (1233-1286 Ad)-Medical Heritage of 13th Century
Authors: Fazil Mohd , Nikhat Sadia
Published: October 2019

Kayi (cauterization) involves the branding of non-healing lesions or any body part with hot metals, oils, drugs or hot water. Kayi is prescribed in ancient Greco-Arabian medicine for treating a wide range of ailments including infections, cancers, dislocations and disorders of temperament. Ibn al-Qaf Masihi was a thirteenth century physician-surgeon who provided a comprehensive understanding into cauterization, its methodology and clinical applications. His treattise, Kitāb al ̒Umda Fī Şanā’t al-Jarrāḥ contains an extensive account of operative procedures, instruments and case reports on many surgical procedures including kayi. According to him, kayi is best done in spring season if there is no emergency, iron should be preferred for cautery over gold, and treatment by kayi should be attempted only if medicines are ineffective and proper evacuation of morbid humors has been carried out. Masihi advised cauterization of the head, face, neck, chest, abdomen and over affected lesions comprising of a total of 44 conditions including apoplexy, sciatica, delicate structures like eye in epiphora, nose etc
Clinically Significant Improvement in a Case of Bronchial Asthma with Unani Medicine: a Case Report
Authors: Shamsi Yasmeen , Khan Rabia , Nikhat Sadia
Published: October 2019

Asthma is known by various terms as ḍīq al nafs, ribw, boḩr and dama in Unani system of medicine. It is a chronic inflammatory paroxysmal disease characterized by spastic contraction of smooth muscles in bronchioles, which can cause extreme difficulty in breathing. According to the Global Asthma Report 2018, about 6% of children and 2% of adults in India are known to be living with asthma. Herein we describe a case of bronchial asthma which was successfully treated with Unani medicines. The patient was a 21 year old male, suffering from asthma for 19 years but without any co-morbidity. He was prescribed bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic Unani drugs such as tukhm khaṭmī (Althaea officinalis Linn. seed), tukhm khubbāzī (Malva sylvestris Linn. seed), aşl-us-sūs muqashshar (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., peeled root), parsiāoshān (Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn.) etc. in crude form as decoction. He was symptom free and medication free after 2 months of treatment till he last reported in April 2019. The results are attributed to the herbal drugs which not only provide symptom relief but also correct the airway hyper-responsiveness and correct the histopathological changes induced by asthma.
Pueblo, comunidad y mito en Juan Moreira de Leonardo Favio y en Facundo. La sombra del Tigre de Nicolás Sarquís
Authors: Suárez Nicolás
Published: October 2019

El trabajo aborda dos transposiciones de textos de la literatura argentina del siglo XIX que fueron llevados al cine en el último tercio del siglo XX: Juan Moreira (Leonardo Favio, 1973) y Facundo. La sombra del tigre (Nicolás Sarquís, 1995). A partir de la inscripción de ambos films en sus respectivos contextos histórico-políticos, se apunta a contrastar los modelos comunitarios que emanan de cada una de las obras, así como las figuraciones de los conceptos de pueblo y mito que ellas propon
Захар Прилепин – литературный портрет
Authors: Borkowska Aldona
Published: October 2019

Со времени дебюта в 2004 году имя Захара Прилепина постоянно присутствует в литературном пространстве России. Филолог, журналист, писатель, политический деятель и военный, он – автор целого ряда романов, каждый из которых стал символом своего времени и поколения. Писатель получил основные литературные премии России и завоевал признание как маститых критиков, так и обычных читателей. Цель настоящего исследования – сформировать литературный портрет Захара Прилепина, прояснение его популярности среди русских читателей.
Ситуация порога в исторической притче Э. Радзинского „Лунин, или Смерть Жака”
Authors: Журчева Ольга
Published: October 2019

Статья посвящена разбору исторической притчи Э. Радзинского Лунин, или Смерть Жака, записанная в присутствии хозяина. Исходя из жанровой парадигмы притчи, Э. Радзинский выстраивает конфликт пьесы с помощью пороговой ситуации ожидания главным героем казни. Лунин, ожидая смерти, вспоминает всю свою жизнь, поэтому все действие пьесы сосредоточено в реальном и в ментальном времени и пространстве. В реальности Лунин один в камере, в воображении его окружают множество людей, которых он встречал на своем пути. Этот сюжетный парадокс создает иллюзию визуализации воспоминаний героя и публичности его смерти.
Феномен Гузели Яхиной (к восприятию романа „Зулейха открывает глаза”)
Authors: Ситникова Вера
Published: October 2019

В статье анализируются значимые аспекты романа Г. Яхиной Зулейха открывает глаза и его восприятие критикой. В частности, рассматриваются связи художественного мира романа с традициями русской литературы в изображении «естественного человека», особенности звучания вечных тем любви, материнства, веры, становления личности, своеобразие раскрытия темы репрессий 1930-х годов. Осмыслены основные тенденции суждений критиков и рецензентов, сделана попытка объяснить причины успеха романа у читателей.
Mara Glozman y Daniela Lauria Voces y Ecos. Una antología de los debates sobre la lengua nacional (Argentina, 1900-2000), Buenos Aires, Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional, Cabiria, 2012. Reseña
Authors: Chapa Barrios José Fernando
Published: October 2019

Se reseña el texto Voces y ecos. Una antologia de los debates sobre la lengua nacional (Argentina, 1900-2000)
Silvana Rabinovich. Interpretaciones de la heteronomía, México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas-UNAM, 2018
Authors: Mondragón Velázquez José Rafael
Published: October 2019

Reseña del libro Interpretaciones de la heteronomía
Nasrin Sotoudeh, un proceso arbitrario. Videoconferencia Las mujeres activistas iraníes y la justicia
Authors: Silva Susana
Published: October 2019

Relato de una videoconferenciacon mujeres activistas iraníes
Santa María Magdalena: de la hagiografía al roman
Authors: Morales Prado Wendy
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo compara dos versiones de la historia de santa María Magdalena para indagar la manera en que algunos componentes de la ficción novelesca empiezan a manifestarse en un discurso de tipo hagiográfico. La primera biografía está dentro de la antología de Santiago de la Vorágine que conforma La leyenda dorada. Este volumen representa la versión hagiográfica canónica, autorizada y consolidada hacia el siglo xiii en España; el segundo texto que se compara es la vida de la misma santa que aparece como la primera historia del Manuscrito escurialense h-I-13.
De cómo el Cid se ganó el respeto de don Remont
Authors: Boix Jovaní Alfonso
Published: October 2019

Este artículo plantea una nueva interpretación del episodio de don Remont en el Cantar de Mio Cid tras demostrar, a partir de una exhaustiva revisión, que la tradicional lectura humorística del mismo se ha basado en el muy cuestionable análisis que desarrolló Montgomery. Sin la supuesta comicidad, el episodio resulta coherente por completo con el resto del poema, mientras que la lectura humorística dejaba a la aventura sin sentido con respecto al conjunto del texto épico.
Antonio Cortijo Ocaña y Marcial Rubio Árquez (eds.), Las “Obras de burlas” del “Cancionero general” de Hernando del Castillo
Authors: Von der Walde Moheno Lillian
Published: October 2019

Antonio Cortijo Ocaña y Marcial Rubio Árquez (eds.), Las “Obras de burlas” del “Cancionero general” de Hernando del Castillo, Santa Barbara: University of California, 2015, 260 pp. [Publications of eHumanista].
El libro de texto mal empleado: Andreas Capellanus y la escena inicial de La Celestina
Authors: Deyermond Alan
Published: October 2019

Este artículo estudia la presencia del libro De Amore de Andreas Capellanus en la escena inicial de La Celestina. A través del análisis del primer parlamento de Calisto y las respuestas que le da Melibea, Deyermond propone que el joven personaje está empleando la obra de Capellanus a modo de libro de texto que le serviría de guía para conquistar a la dama, pero fracasa al intentarlo. Se plantea dos preguntas respecto a esta situación: una en cuanto a la accesibilidad de De Amore en la Edad Media y otra que se refiere a la probabilidad del uso consciente de esta obra por parte del autor de La Celestina. Concluye que, si se asume positivamente la imitación consciente de la obra de Capellanus y el autor tuviera la intención de presentar un amante fracasado, entonces sería factible pensar en un Calisto que, tras previos encuentros con Melibea, estuviera intentando prepararse para la siguiente entrevista; lo que abriría posibilidades de un desarrollo cómico de La Celestina ante los ojos de lectores conocedores de De Amore.
Tirant: biografía y novela
Authors: Grilli Giusepp
Published: October 2019

El estudio fija las pautas de la gran novela de Joanot Martorell en el cruce de la prosa del siglo XV, donde la historia asume, con los brotes del humanismo, la dimensión de la biografía. El hombre se coloca, en su espacio de microcosmo, en esa la centralidad que nunca logrará perder en la novela moderna. Empezando por Cervantes y el Quijote el destino de la biografía, sin embargo, irá desarrollando un matiz paradójico, aunque ya inscrito en el antecedente marorelliano: la convivencia entre la seriedad y formalidad de su principio fundacional y su despliegue paródico. Porque la grandeza del hombre está tanto en sus triunfos, como en sus caídas. La novedad de esta perspectiva quedará conformada en el libro inmediatamente posterior del autor (Dal Tirant al Quijote, 1994 y luego 2014).
La condanna della tessitura. Origine e funzione di un motivo narrativo nel Roman de Jaufre in altri romanzi arturiani
Authors: Lecco Margherita
Published: October 2019

Nei romanzi medievali (ad iniziare da Jaufre, composto intorno al 1225), i cavalieri impegnati nell’aventure si trovano a volte costretti ad una prova di tessitura di stoffe. Questa prova è considerata infamante perché collegata al lavoro manuale. Solo i cavalieri più valorosi, o che possono contare su un cavaliere amico (come Lancelot aiutato da Gauvain nelle Merveilles de Rigomer, fine del secolo XIII), riescono a sottrarvisi, abbattendo coloro che li hanno costretti a questa infamia e ritrovando poi la loro libertà e il loro onore. Ma questo locus narrativo diviene presto un ‘motivo’ importante nell’economia narrativa dei romanzi.
Aspectos generales de la evolución de las expresiones adversativas: cambios en cadena
Authors: Espinosa Elorza Rosa María
Published: October 2019

El estudio de las variadas expresiones de los diferentes conceptos de adversatividad en latin, en espanol y en otras lenguas muestra una serie de procesos de gramaticalizacion en el segundo elemento del complejo oracional: en los contextos apropiados y con distintos grados de desemantizacion, algunas expresiones adverbiales se convierten en adverbios, algunos adverbios pasan a funcionar como marcadores del discurso y otros alcanzan el estatus de conjuncion.
La ratio del bien. Comentario y traducción del capítulo III del libro II de la Teología platónica de Marsilio Ficino
Authors: Priani Saisó Ernesto , García Chow Absalom
Published: October 2019

El objetivo principal de este artículo, es presentar la traducción del capítulo III del libro II de la Teología platónica de Marsilio Ficino, aportando algunas notas sobre la forma de escribir de Ficino, que pueden servir como una primera base para acometer una traducción más amplia de la obra de este filósofo, así como discutir con detalle las implicaciones morales de la adopción de la tesis de la superioridad de la unidad sobre el ser, que es el contenido central del capítulo referido.Nuestra conclusión es que la introducción del argumento de la eminencia de la unidad en la Teología platónica de Ficino conduce a un distanciamiento del modelo teleológico aristotélico-tomista, pues impide la asimilación de los fines de la vida a Dios como fin de la existencia humana. En síntesis, para Ficino el alma no puede ver al Uno como su propio fin, porque no se le presenta como constituido de algún elemento común con ella misma, por lo que la vida humana es una búsqueda constante por reencontrar el lazo que une las acciones de la vida con la razón de la unidad de lo que existe.
Salud y enfermedad: realidad y metáfora. La ampliación del lenguaje científico a partir del siglo XIII. El caso de la medicina
Authors: Lértora Mendoza Celina A.
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este trabajo es una reconstrucción histórico-crítica de las modificaciones epistemológicas producidas a partir de comienzos del siglo XIII con la recepción del corpus greco-árabe. La concepción aristotélica del conocimiento científico influyó significativamente en la ampliación del horizonte lingüístico técnico y en la constitución de las disciplinas tardomedievales.Se pone el acento en exhibir la mentalidad receptora en su aspecto gnoseológico: se modifican las formas expositivas de las obras científicas recibidas hasta el siglo XII conforme a un concepto de ordo veritatis y no de verdades aisladas; además se afirma la forma deductivista de justificación epistemológica.Desde el punto de vista del lenguaje científico, se aprecian las siguientes novedades: 1. el uso metafórico del lenguaje descriptivo, 2. asignación de valor descriptivo (para el conocimiento científico en sentido aristotélico) del lenguaje metafórico. Esto se aprecia en dos géneros relevantes en la época. Las traducciones usan recursos que se estandarizan: transliteración, metáfora, y neologismo. Los comentarios: incluyen estos temas en diversos marcos temáticos. Se ilustra con el caso del lenguaje médico en el Commentarius in Octo Physicorum de Roberto Grosseteste.
Role of Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Preventing and Alleviating of Nausea and Vomiting Caused by Chemotherapy among Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review of Six Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tian Xu , Xu Ling-Li , Tang Rong-Ying , Chen Hui , Pi Yuan-Ping , Chen Wei-Qing
Published: October 2019

(1) Background: Previous systematic review suggested a beneficial effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. However, poor quality of eligible studies impaired the reliability and validity of findings. Moreover, additional potential studies with good quality published in Chinese language have been published recently. The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the value of PMR training in preventing and alleviating nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy among cancer patients. (2) Methods: We assigned two independent investigators to search all potential studies in PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trial (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), China Biomedical Literature database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang data. We used data extraction sheet extracted all essential information, and used the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool to appraise the quality of eligible studies. Finally, we qualitatively summarized the results of all included studies. (3) Results: Six studies enrolling 288 patients were considered to meet our selection criteria finally. Of these 6 studies, three were labeled as moderate quality, and the remaining studies were low quality. All included studies consistently suggested that PMR has a positive impact on nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy among cancer patients especially alleviating the incidence, frequency and degree of delayed nausea and vomiting. (4) Conclusions: Independent studies indicated that PMR was a beneficial approach to prevent and alleviate nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy among cancer patients. However, further studies considering other types of primary tumors should be designed in order to increase the generality of PMR because studies included in the present systematic review mainly enrolled lung cancer and breast cancer.
Review on Friction Stir Processed TIG And Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Alloy Joints
Authors: Mabuwa Sipokazi , Msomi Velaphi
Published: October 2019

There is an increase towards reducing the weight of structures through the use of aluminium alloys in different industries like aerospace, automotive, etc. This growing interest would lead towards using dissimilar aluminium alloys which would require welding. TIG and friction stir welding are the well-known techniques that are currently suitable for joining dissimilar aluminium alloys. The welding of dissimilar alloys has its own dynamics which impact on the quality of the weld. This then suggests that there should be a process which can be used to improve the dissimilar alloys welds post their production. Friction stir processing is viewed as one of the techniques that could be used to improve the mechanical properties of the material. This paper reports on the status and the advancement of FSW, TIG and FSP technique. It further looks at the variation use of FSP on TIG and FSW welded joints with the purpose of identifying the knowledge gap.
The Impact of the Cinema on Young People (on the Example of the Changes of the Representation of the Elderly)
Authors: Kubrak Tina
Published: October 2019

The research is devoted to the acute problem of cinema influence on the young audience. With the continuous development of mass media, cinema is still one of the most popular leisure activities, remaining an influential tool on the picture of the world, values, stereotypes, the behavior of viewers, etc. The paper studies the effects of the cinema on young viewers in relation to their ideas about the elderly. Using a psychosemantic technique that includes 25 scales designed specifically to identify the content of representation of older people, respondents evaluated their various characteristics before and after watching the film. It should be noted that after watching a film about the elderly, the respondents changed their representations of motivational and regulatory, cognitive and emotional characteristics of the older people. However, the changes were not similar in different groups of young people: students seemed to have more negative representation, graduate students’ assessment, on the contrary, changed for a better one. The discovered opposite effects of the cinema influence can be explained by a number of reasons starting from age, personal experience of the respondents, the formation of ideas to the special features of the film itself. In this regard, the contribution of individual factors to the efficiency of the cinema impact and the prediction of its specific effects requires further study.
Effects of Climate Change and Maternal Morality: Perspective from Case Studies in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Abdullah Abu Sayeed Md. , Dalal Koustuv , Halim Abdul , Rahman Fazlur , Biswas Animesh
Published: October 2019

The study explored the community perception of maternal deaths influenced by natural disaster, practice of maternal complications during natural disaster among the rural population in Bangladesh. It also explored the challenges faced by the community for providing health care and referring the complicated pregnant mothers during disaster. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) and eight in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted in the marginalized rural communities in the flood-prone Khaliajhuri sub-district, Netrakona district, Bangladesh. Flood is one of the major risk factors for influencing maternal death. Pregnant mothers seriously suffer from maternal complication, lack of antenatal checkup and even any doctor during flood. During the time of delivery, it is difficult to find even a skilled attendant and referring the patient with delivery complications to the healthcare facility. Boat is the only mode of transport. Majority maternal deaths occur on the boats during transfer from the community to the hospital. The rural people feel that the maternal deaths influenced by natural disaster are the natural phenomena. It needs some pre-preparation to support pregnant women during the disaster. There is unawareness of maternal health, related care and complications during disaster among the local health service providers and volunteers.
Biochemical Constituents and In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Fermented Wheat Grains Using Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad Zahaib , Roman Muhammad , Ali Muhammad Waqas , Nadeem Muhammad
Published: October 2019

High antioxidants level in food is gradually becoming popular because of the enhanced risk of oxidative stress in humans. Bread wheat is rich in vital antioxidants but its major bioactive compounds are not available for the human. This study was conducted with the aim to enhance the phytochemical constituents and antioxidative activity of wheat grains by fermenting it with the use of Bacillus subtilis KCTC 13241. The antioxidative potential was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl- hydrazyl) and ABTS (3-ethyl-benzothiazo- line-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay as well by the concentration of amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. Different varieties showed different free radical scavenging potential on fermentation, which was significantly high with respect to their corresponding unfermented wheat varieties. The highest potential was found in a fermented wheat variety named Namhae and this combination can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Sites in Different Protein Structural Environments Result in Distinct Placements of the Metazoan Root
Authors: Pandey Akanksha , Braun Edward L.
Published: October 2019

Phylogenomics, the use of large datasets to examine phylogeny, has revolutionized the study of evolutionary relationships. However, genome-scale data have not been able to resolve all relationships in the tree of life; this could reflect, at least in part, the poor-fit of the models used to analyze heterogeneous datasets. Some of the heterogeneity may reflect the different patterns of selection on proteins based on their structures. To test that hypothesis, we developed a pipeline to divide phylogenomic protein datasets into subsets based on secondary structure and relative solvent accessibility. We then tested whether amino acids in different structural environments had distinct signals for the topology of the deepest branches in the metazoan tree. The most striking difference in phylogenetic signal reflected relative solvent accessibility; analyses of exposed sites (on the surface of proteins) yielded a tree that placed ctenophores sister to all other animals whereas sites buried inside proteins yielded a tree with a sponge-ctenophore clade. These differences in phylogenetic signal were not ameliorated when we repeated our analyses using the CAT model, a mixture model that is often used for analyses of protein datasets. In fact, the heterogeneous CAT model resulted in several rearrangements that are unlikely to represent evolutionary history. However, analyses conducted after recoding amino acids to limit the impact of deviations from compositional stationarity increased the congruence in the estimates of phylogeny for exposed and buried sites; after recoding amino acids both trees supported placement of ctenophores sister to all other animals. These results provide striking evidence that it is necessary to achieve a better understanding of the constraints due to protein structure to improve phylogenetic estimation.
Prostaglandin E2 induces Skin Aging via E-prostanoid 1 in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Shim Joong Hyun
Published: October 2019

Collagen type I production decreases with aging, leading to wrinkles and impaired skin function. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid-derived signaling molecule produced from arachidonic acid by cyclo-oxygenase, inhibits collagen production and induces matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) expression by fibroblasts in vitro. PGE2-induced collagen expression inhibition and MMP1 promotion are aging mechanisms. This study investigated the role of E-prostanoid 1 (EP1) in PGE2 signaling in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). When EP1 expression was inhibited by EP1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), there were no significant changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1)/MMP1 between siRNA-transfected NHDFs and siRNA-transfected NHDFs with PGE2. This result showed that EP1 is a PGE2 receptor. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation after PGE2 treatment significantly increased by ~2.5 times. In addition, PGE2 treatment increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in NHDFs. These results indicated that PGE2 is directly associated with EP1 pathway–regulated ERK1/2 and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signaling in NHDFs.
Effects of Channel Wall Twisting on the Mixing in a T-Shaped Micro-Channel
Authors: Kang Dong Jin
Published: October 2019

A new design scheme is proposed for twisting the walls of a microchannel, and its performance is demonstrated numerically. The numerical study was carried out for a T-shaped microchannel with twist angles in the range of 0 to 34π. The Reynolds number range was 0.15 to 6. The T-shaped microchannel consists of two inlet branches and an outlet branch. The mixing performance was analyzed in terms of the degree of mixing and relative mixing cost. All numerical results show that the twisting scheme is an effective way to enhance the mixing in a T-shaped microchannel. The mixing enhancement is realized by the swirling of two fluids in the cross section and is more prominent as the Reynolds number decreases. The twist angle was optimized to maximize the DOM, which increases with the length of the outlet branch. The twist angle was also optimized in terms of the relative mixing. The two optimum twisting angles are generally not coincident. The optimum twist angle shows a dependence on the length of the outlet branch but it is not affected much by the Reynolds number.
Fluid Dynamics Android Application: An Efficient Semi-Implicit Solver for Compressible Flows
Authors: Singhal Shivam , Gupta Yayati , Garg Ashish
Published: October 2019

The computing power of smartphones has not received considerable attention in the mainstream education system. Most of the education-oriented smartphone applications (apps) are limited to general purpose services like Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), language learning, and calculators (performing basic mathematical calculations). Greater potential of smartphones lies in educators and researchers developing their customized apps for learners in highly specific domains. In line with this, we present Fluid Dynamics, a highly accurate Android application for measuring flow properties in compressible flows. This app can determine properties across the stationary normal and oblique shock, moving normal shock and across Prandtl $-$ Meyer expansion fan. This app can also measure isentropic flows, Fanno flows, and Rayleigh flows. The functionality of this app is also extended to calculate properties in the atmosphere by assuming the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) relations and also flows across the Pitot tube. Such measurements are complicated and time-consuming since the relations are implicit and hence require the use of numerical methods, which give rise to repetitive calculations. The app is an efficient semi-implicit solver for gas dynamics formulations and uses underlying numerical methods for the computations in a graphical user interface (GUI), thereby easing and quickening the learning of concerned users. The app is designed for the Android operating system, the most ubiquitous and capable surveillance platform, and its calculations are based on JAVA based code methodology. In order to check its accuracy, the app's results are validated against the existing data given in the literature.
Electromechanical Properties of PVDF-Based Polymers Reinforced with Nanocarbonaceous Fillers for Pressure Sensing Applications
Authors: Teixido Javier , Costa Pedro , Lanceros-Mendez Senentxu , Abete Jose Manuel , Iturrospe Iregui Aitzol
Published: October 2019

Polymer-based composites reinforced with nanocarbonaceous materials can be tailored for functional applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene with different filler contents have been developed as potential piezoresistive materials. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites depend of the PVDF matrix, filler type and filler content. PVDF 6010 is a relatively more ductile material, whereas PVDF-HFP shows larger maximum strain near 300% strain for composites with CNT, 10 times higher than the pristine polymer. This behaviour is similar for all composites reinforced with CNT. On the other hand, rGO/PVDF composites decrease the maximum strain compared to neat PVDF. It is shown that the use of different PVDF copolymers does not influence the electrical properties of the composites. On the other hand, CNT as filler leads to composites with percolation threshold around 0.5 wt.%, whereas reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites shows percolation threshold at ≈2 wt.%. Both nanocomposites present excellent linearity between applied pressure and resistance variation, with pressure sensibility (PS) decreasing with applied pressure, from PS≈ 1.1 to 0.2 MPa-1. A proof of concept demonstration is presented, showing the suitability of the materials for industrial pressure sensing applications.
Evaluation of the PAHs Content in Soot from Solid Fuels Combustion in Low Power Boilers
Authors: Szatyłowicz Ewa , Skoczko Iwona
Published: October 2019

The emission of carbon compounds (in the form of soot) to the atmosphere has a significant impact on the environment and human health. Air pollution with combustion products, having a unique combination of physical and chemical properties, is an important component of very fine suspended dust, which is emitted from various sources related to combustion processes. The carbon compounds in the aerosol and deposited in the substrate are found all over the Earth. The paper presents results of comparative research on the content of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soot samples obtained as a result of combustion of solid fuels such as hard coal with granulation above 60 mm, coal with a grain size of 25-80 mm, coal with a grain size of 8-25 mm, pellets and dry wood. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that the soot obtained in the combustion of coal in different granulation contains more cytotoxic PAHs in comparison to the combustion of wood pellets or dry firewood.
Megavoltage Radiosensitization of Gold Nanoparticles on Glioblastoma Cancer Cell Line Using a Clinical Platform
Authors: Kazmi Farasat , Vallis Kate A. , Vellayappan Balamurugan A. , Bandla Aishwarya , Yukun Duan , Carlisle Robert
Published: October 2019

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have demonstrated significant dose enhancement with kilovoltage (kV) X-rays however recent studies have shown inconsistent findings with megavoltage (MV) X-rays. We proposed to evaluate the radiosensitization effect in U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells in the presence of 42 nm GNPs and irradiated with a clinical 6 MV photon beam. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization was observed using MTS and clonogenic cellular radiation sensitivity assays respectively. Sensitization enhancement ratio was calculated for 2 Gy (SER2Gy) with GNP (100 μg/mL). Dark field and MTS assay revealed high co-localization and good biocompatibility of the GNPs with GBM cells. Significant sensitization enhancement of 1.45 (P = 0.001) was observed with GNP 100 μg/mL. Similarly, at 6 Gy there was significant difference in the survival fraction between GBM alone group (Mean (M) = 0.26, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.008) and GBM plus GNP group (M = 0.07, SD = 0.05, P = 0.03). GNPs enable radiosensitization in U87 GBM cells at 2 Gy when irradiated using a clinical platform. In addition to the potential clinical utility of GNPs, these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of a robust and easy to standardise in-vitro model that can be employed for future studies involving metal nanoparticle plus irradiation.
"Bring More Data!" – A Good Advice? Removing Separation in Logistic Regression by Increasing Sample Size
Authors: Šinkovec Hana , Geroldinger Angelika , Heinze Georg
Published: October 2019

The parameters of logistic regression models are usually obtained by the method of maximum likelihood (ML). However, in analyses of small data sets or data sets with unbalanced outcomes or exposures, ML parameter estimates may not exist. This situation has been termed “separation” as the two outcome groups are separated by the values of a covariate or a linear combination of covariates. To overcome the problem of non-existing ML parameter estimates, applying Firth’s correction (FC) was proposed. In practice, however, a principal investigator might be advised to “bring more data” in order to solve a separation issue. We illustrate the problem by means of an examples from colorectal cancer screening and ornithology. It is unclear if such an increasing sample size (ISS) strategy that keeps sampling new observations until separation is removed improves estimation compared to applying FC to the original data set. We performed an extensive simulation study where the main focus was to estimate the cost-adjusted relative efficiency of ML combined with ISS compared to FC. FC yielded reasonably small root mean squared errors and proved to be the more efficient estimator. Given our findings, we propose not to adapt the sample size when separation is encountered but to use FC as the default method of analysis whenever the number of observations or outcome events is critically low.
Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Kinerja Lingkungan Terhadap Pengungkapan Islamic Social Reporting (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan yang Terdaftar di JII Tahun 2013-2017)
Authors: Kalbuana Nawang , Sutadipraja Marista Winanti , Purwanti Titik , Santoso Dwi
Published: October 2019

Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) is an index of social responsibility disclosure whose indicators are specific to the ethical principles of Islam. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage and environmental performance on ISR disclosures on companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) during 2013-2017. In this study the magnitude of the ISR disclosure score that is filled with a company is obtained through annual reports using the content analysis method. Samples were selected by purposive sampling method. While hypothesis testing uses the method of multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the variable profitability, leverage and environmental performance simultaneously have a significant effect on ISR disclosure. While partially, profitability has no effect on ISR disclosure. Environmental performance and leverage have a positive and significant effect on ISR disclosure. The implications of this study are expected to be able to provide theoretical contributions related to the disclosure of Islamic social responsibility and practically useful to provide input to policy makers and regulators on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Pengaruh Kualitas Aparatur Daerah, Sistem Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah, Dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah (Studi Empiris Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo)
Authors: Pravasanti Yuwita Arriesa , Ningsih Suhesti
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of the Quality Government Apparatus, Regional Government Accounting System, Utilization of Information Technology on the Quality of Financial Reporting of the Regional Government. Respondents in this study were 72 employees of the Regional Finance Agency of Sukoharjo Regency. Based on the results of processing primary data (questionnaires) with multiple linear regression analysis methods, F test and t-test has known that variables of the Quality Government Apparatus, Regional Government Accounting System, utilization of information technology simultaneously have a significant effect on the Quality of Financial Reporting in the Regional Government. Partially the Quality Government Apparatus does not have a significant effect on the Quality of Financial Reporting of the Regional Government, but the Regional Government Accounting System and Utilization of Information Technology has a significant effect on the Quality of Financial Reporting in the Regional Government.