bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of 7,16‐Bis(phenylazo)tetraaza[14]annulenes.
Authors: Sakata Kazunori , Yamashita Junichi , Hashimoto Mamoru , Tsuge Akihiko , Tanoue Yasuhiro
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives. Part 4. Synthesis of Amino Acids with 3‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Fragment.
Authors: Shakhkel'dyan I. V. , Nikiforova E. G. , Grudtsyn Yu. D. , Atroshchenko Yu. M. , Borbulevich O. Ya. , Efremov Yu. A. , Gitis S. S. , Moiseev D. N. , Alifanova E. N. , Chudakov P. V. , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tandem Allylsilane—Vinylsilane Difunctionalization by Silylcupration of Allene Followed by Reaction with α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles.
Authors: Barbero Asuncion , Blanco Yolanda , Pulido Francisco J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Functionally Substituted 3‐Heterylpyrazoles. Part 4. Benzylamino[3‐aryl(heteryl)‐4‐pyrazolyl]methylphosphonic Acids.
Authors: Bratenko M. K. , Chornous V. A. , Vovk M. V.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Ferrocene Carboxylic Acid with Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
Authors: Wang Qing Min , Huang Run Qiu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Nerylgeraniol‐18‐oic Acid.
Authors: Liu Zuosheng , Peng Lizeng , Zhang Tao , Li Yulin
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First Enantioselective Syntheses of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Wilforonide by Using Chiral Auxiliaries Derived from the Same Chiral Source.
Authors: Yang Dan , Xu Ming
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Remarkable Stereoselectivity in the Alkylation of a Hydroazulenone: Progress Towards the Total Synthesis of Guanacastepene.
Authors: Dudley Gregory B. , Tan Derek S. , Kim Guncheol , Tanski Joseph M. , Danishefsky Samuel J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Component Chiral Phase Transfer Catalysts: Enantioselective Esterification of an N‐Acylated Amino Acid.
Authors: Pirkle William H. , Snyder Seth Elliot
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of a Non‐sugar‐based Selectin Antagonist.
Authors: Fukunaga Kyoko , Tsukida Takahiro , Moriyama Hideki , Kondo Hirosato
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Caffeoyl, Coumaroyl, Galloyl, and Hexahydroxydiphenoyl Glucoses from Balanophora japonica.
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Hong , Hirose Yoko , Iwata Hiromi , Sakamoto Saori , Tanaka Takashi , Kouno Isao
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of L‐ and D‐Configurations of 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐4′‐C‐methyl‐3′‐oxacytidine Analogues.
Authors: Liu Mao‐Chin , Luo Mei‐Zhen , Mozdziesz Diane E. , Lin Tai‐Shun , Dutschman Ginger E. , Gullen Elizabeth A. , Cheng Yung‐Chi , Sartorelli Alan C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of AZT.
Authors: Gauthier Christine , Ramondenc Yvan , Ple Gerard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stilbenoids in Lianas of Gnetum parvifolium.
Authors: Tanaka Toshiyuki , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of Roseophilin.
Authors: Harrington Paul E. , Tius Marcus A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of intensive insulin therapy on macular biometrics, plasma VEGF and its soluble receptor in newly diagnosed diabetic patients
Authors: Hernández Cristina , Zapata Miguel A. , Losada Eladio , Villarroel Marta , García‐Ramírez Marta , García‐Arumí José , Simó Rafael
Published: June 2010

Background

To evaluate whether intensive insulin therapy leads to changes in macular biometrics (volume and thickness) in newly diagnosed diabetic patients with acute hyperglycaemia and its relationship with serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its soluble receptor (sFlt‐1).

Methods

Twenty‐six newly diagnosed diabetic patients admitted to our hospital to initiate intensive insulin treatment were prospectively recruited. Examinations were performed on admission (day 1) and during follow‐up (days 3, 10 and 21) and included a questionnaire regarding the presence of blurred vision, standardized refraction measurements and optical coherence tomography. Plasma VEGF and sFtl‐1 were assessed by ELISA at baseline and during follow‐up.

Results

At study entry seven patients (26.9%) complained of blurred vision and five (19.2%) developed burred vision during follow‐up. Macular volume and thickness increased significantly (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04, respectively) in the group with blurred vision at day 3 and returned to the baseline value at 10 days. This pattern was present in 18 out of the 24 eyes from patients with blurred vision. By contrast, macular biometrics remained unchanged in the group without blurred vision. We did not detect any significant changes in VEGF levels during follow‐up. By contrast, a significant reduction of sFtl‐1 was observed in those patients with blurred vision at day 3 (p = 0.03) with normalization by day 10.

Conclusion

Diabetic patients with blurred vision after starting insulin therapy present a significant transient increase in macular biometrics which is associated with a decrease in circulating sFlt‐1. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuity in health care: lessons from supply chain management
Authors: Meijboom Bert R. , Bakx Saskia J.W.G.C. , Westert Gert P.
Published: June 2010

In health care, multidisciplinary collaboration is both indispensable and complicated. We discuss organizational problems that occur in situations where multiple health care providers are required to cooperate for patients with complex needs. Four problem categories, labelled as communication, patient safety, waiting times and integration are distinguished. Then we develop a supply chain perspective on these problems in the sense of discussing remedies according to supply chain management (SCM) literature. This perspective implies a business focus on inter‐organizational conditions and requirements necessary for delivering health care and cure across organizational borders. We conclude by presenting some strategic and policy recommendations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lessons from understanding the role of community hospital director in Thailand: clinician versus manager
Authors: Taytiwat Prawit , Briggs David , Fraser John , Minichiello Victor , Cruickshank Mary
Published: June 2010

In 2001, Thailand adopted the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) policy. This policy focuses on primary health care (PHC), with the aim of reforming the Thai health system to provide health services to all, regardless of a person's ability to pay. The community hospital director (CHD) is the middle manager of the provincial health system and the leader of the district health system of Thailand. In recent reforms the emphasis for improving efficiency lies with changes in the provision of primary health services at the community level and this entails understanding the role of the CHD. A qualitative study, utilizing individual interviews and a focus group discussion, was undertaken in order to understand the factors affecting the implementation of rural health care in Thailand. Findings identified several barriers that limit the role of the CHD and a major result of the study was recognition of the dual role of the CHD as both clinician and manager. This study concluded that the goal of the UHC policy in providing equity of access to PHC to all citizens may not be achieved unless the role of CHDs is supported with training in health management and PHC and is supported by the government. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slip and micro flow characteristics near a wall of evaporating thin films in a micro channel
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Jie , Peng Xiao‐Feng , Duan Yuan‐Yuan
Published: June 2010

The microscopic liquid flow and heat transfer characteristics near the solid–liquid interface in the evaporating thin film region of a mini channel were investigated based on the augmented Young–Laplace equation and kinetic theory. A physical model using the boundary layer approximation and a constant slip length was developed to obtain the solid–liquid interfacial thermal resistances and interfacial temperatures. The results show that the ordered micro layer and micro flow near the wall reduce the effective liquid superheat and the liquid pressure difference mainly due to the reduced capillary pressure gradient. The solid–liquid interfacial thermal resistances and U‐shaped temperature drops tend to reduce the thin film spreading and heat transfer. The effects of the solid–liquid interfacial thermal resistances on the thin film evaporation outweigh the effects of the thermal conductivity enhancement due to the liquid ordering. The concepts of the micro flow and ordered adsorbed flowing micro layer are clarified to express the Kapitza resistance analytically in terms of the slip length and micro layer thickness. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 460–474, 2010; Published online 3 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20310
Crucial role of mechanisms and modes of toxic action for understanding tissue residue toxicity and internal effect concentrations of organic chemicals
Authors: Escher Beate I , Ashauer Roman , Dyer Scott , Hermens Joop LM , Lee Jong-Hyeon , Leslie Heather A , Mayer Philipp , Meador James P , Warne Michael SJ
Published: June 2010

This article reviews the mechanistic basis of the tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment (TRA). The tissue residue approach implies that whole-body or organ concentrations (residues) are a better dose metric for describing toxicity to aquatic organisms than is the aqueous concentration typically used in the external medium. Although the benefit of internal concentrations as dose metrics in ecotoxicology has long been recognized, the application of the tissue residue approach remains limited. The main factor responsible for this is the difficulty of measuring internal concentrations. We propose that environmental toxicology can advance if mechanistic considerations are implemented and toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics are explicitly addressed. The variability in ecotoxicological outcomes and species sensitivity is due in part to differences in toxicokinetics, which consist of several processes, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), that influence internal concentrations. Using internal concentrations or tissue residues as the dose metric substantially reduces the variability in toxicity metrics among species and individuals exposed under varying conditions. Total internal concentrations are useful as dose metrics only if they represent a surrogate of the biologically effective dose, the concentration or dose at the target site. If there is no direct proportionality, we advise the implementation of comprehensive toxicokinetic models that include deriving the target dose. Depending on the mechanism of toxicity, the concentration at the target site may or may not be a sufficient descriptor of toxicity. The steady-state concentration of a baseline toxicant associated with the biological membrane is a good descriptor of the toxicodynamics of baseline toxicity. When assessing specific-acting and reactive mechanisms, additional parameters (e.g., reaction rate with the target site and regeneration of the target site) are needed for characterization. For specifically acting compounds, intrinsic potency depends on 1) affinity for, and 2) type of interaction with, a receptor or a target enzyme. These 2 parameters determine the selectivity for the toxic mechanism and the sensitivity, respectively. Implementation of mechanistic information in toxicokinetic–toxicodynamic (TK–TD) models may help explain time-delayed effects, toxicity after pulsed or fluctuating exposure, carryover toxicity after sequential pulses, and mixture toxicity. We believe that this mechanistic understanding of tissue residue toxicity will lead to improved environmental risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:28–49. © 2010 SETAC
Adiponectin activation of AMPK disrupts leptin‐mediated hepatic fibrosis via suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS‐3)
Authors: Handy Jeffrey A. , Saxena Neeraj K. , Fu Pingping , Lin Songbai , Mells Jamie E. , Gupta Nitika A. , Anania Frank A.
Published: June 2010

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that was recently shown to be anti‐fibrogenic in hepatic fibrosis. Leptin, on the other hand, promotes hepatic fibrosis. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate a mechanism (or mechanisms) whereby adiponectin dampens leptin signaling in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and prevents excess extracellular matrix production. Activated HSCs, between passages 2 and 5, were cultured and exposed to recombinant human adiponectin and recombinant leptin. Immunoblot analysis for SOCS‐3, TIMP‐1, and the phosphorylated species of Stat3 and adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) were conducted. We also examined MMP‐1 activity by immunosorbant fluorimetric analysis. In HSCs, adiponectin‐induced phosphorylation of AMPK, and subsequently suppressed leptin‐mediated Stat3 phosphorylation and SOCS‐3 induction. Adiponectin also blocked leptin‐stimulated secretion of TIMP‐1, and significantly increased MMP‐1 activity, in vitro. To extend this study, we treated adiponectin knockout mice (Ad−/−) daily with 5 mg/kg recombinant leptin and/or carbon tetrachloride (2 ml/kg) for 6 weeks. Post‐necropsy analysis was performed to examine for inflammation, and histological changes in the Ad−/− and wild‐type mice. There was no significant difference in inflammation, or aminotransferases, between mice receiving carbon tetrachloride and leptin versus carbon tetrachloride alone. As anticipated, the combination of leptin and CCl4 enhanced hepatic fibrosis in both wild‐type and Ad−/− mice, as estimated by amount of collagen in injured livers, but wild‐type mice had significantly higher levels of SOCS‐3 and significantly lower levels of TIMP‐1 mRNA and protein than did adiponectin KO mice exposed to both CCl4 and leptin. We therefore conclude that the protective effects of adiponectin against liver fibrosis require AMPK activation, and may occur through inhibition of the Jak‐Stat signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1195–1207, 2010. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic profiling of proteins associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ma Yiming , Zhao Mei , Zhong Jialing , Shi Lan , Luo Qing , Liu Jian , Wang Jia , Yuan Xinghua , Huang Changzhi
Published: June 2010

Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence or absence of lymph node metastases is a strong independent prognostic factor for CRC survival. Investigation of proteins associated with the process of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the LNM process and for predicting the CRC prognosis. In the present study, proteins from CRC tissues and adjacent normal mucosa (NMC) were examined using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI‐TOF‐MS. The expression levels of Ferritin Heavy Chain (FHC) were decreased in LNM CRC as compared to those in non‐LNM CRC, while the expression of Cathepsin D and Ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase‐L1 (UCH‐L1) were increased in LNM CRC. The results were confirmed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Furthermore, in vitro cell invasion assay showed that the overexpression of UCH‐L1 through gene transfection increased the invasive ability of HCT8 cells, suggesting that UCH‐L1 is not only a biomarker for LNM in CRC, but also a functional protein that may play a significant role in cell migration. The proteins identified in the present study should further our understanding of the LNM process of CRC and may become useful markers for diagnosis and targets for therapeutic interventions. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1512–1519, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of decortication and protease treatment on the kinetics of liquefaction, saccharification, and ethanol production from sorghum
Authors: Alvarez Mario M. , Pérez‐Carrillo Esther , Serna‐Saldívar Sergio O.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND: This study analyzes the effect of decortication and protease treatment on the kinetics of liquefaction, saccharification and ethanol production from sorghum kernels. In general, bioethanol yields from sorghum are lower than those from maize. This has been attributed to reduced access of starch‐degrading enzymes due to the crosslinked protein net in the sorghum kernels.

RESULTS: Liquefaction is described as a zero order kinetics process, with reaction rates enhanced by protease treatment. The use of protease almost doubled the liquefaction rate in both whole and decorticated sorghum, compared with untreated kernels. During saccharification of decorticated sorghum, protease treatment significantly affected the glucose/starch yield and the glucose concentration profile over time. When compared with maize, protease treatment of decorticated sorghum resulted in superior ethanol production rates. Specific ethanol yields during fermentation were statistically comparable with those for maize.

CONCLUSION: Protease treatment of decorticated sorghum kernels can impart substantial economic benefits in terms of improvement of bioethanol yield (13% over whole sorghum) and in reduced fermentation time (approximately 50% with respect to maize). Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Coupled multi‐scale cohesive modeling of failure in heterogeneous adhesives
Authors: Kulkarni M. G. , Matouš K. , Geubelle P. H.
Published: June 2010

A multi‐scale cohesive numerical framework is proposed to simulate the failure of heterogeneous adhesively bonded systems. This multi‐scale scheme is based on Hill's variational principle of energy equivalence between the higher and lower level scales. It provides an easy way to obtain accurate homogenized macroscopic properties while capturing the physics of failure processes at the micro‐scale in sufficient detail. We use an isotropic rate‐dependent damage model to mimic the failure response of the constituents of heterogeneous adhesives. The finite element method is used to solve the equilibrium equation at each scale. A nested iterative scheme inspired by the return mapping algorithm used in computational inelasticity is implemented. We propose a computationally attractive technique to couple the macro‐ and micro‐scales for rate‐dependent constitutive laws. We introduce an adhesive patch test to study the numerical performance, including spatial and temporal convergence of the multi‐scale scheme. We compare the solution of the multi‐scale cohesive scheme with a direct numerical simulation. Finally, we solve mode I and mode II fracture problems to demonstrate failure at the macro‐scale. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employee experiences with volunteers
Authors: Rogelberg Steven G. , Allen Joseph A. , Conway James M. , Goh Adrian , Currie Lamarra , McFarland Betsy
Published: June 2010

Volunteers frequently serve public and nonprofit organizations, among them libraries, parks and recreation departments, social service groups, and religious organizations. Research on volunteers and volunteerism traditionally focuses on antecedents to volunteering and outcomes for volunteers. In this study, we attempt to build on the existing literature by examining the volunteer experience from the paid employee's vantage point. Using a sample of employees who work alongside volunteers in animal care organizations (N = 270), we examine how employees described the volunteers with whom they interact. Although these assessments were generally positive, there was considerable variability. This appears to be explained, in part, by each organization's volunteer resources management practices. Results also indicate that employees who reported less satisfactory experiences with volunteers also reported being more stressed, overworked, and less committed to the organization, and having a greater intention to quit. Importantly, these results held up even after controlling for general job satisfaction. Implications of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.
Leadership in faith‐based nonprofits
Authors: Yip Jeffrey , Twohill Edmund , Ernst Chris , Munusamy Vijayan P.
Published: June 2010

This case study illustrates the unique challenges of leading a faith‐based nonprofit organization within a multifaith constituency in Asia. The core themes of the case are based on research conducted with the staff, executive team, and board members of an international faith‐based nonprofit organization in Asia. Specifically, the case focuses on three identity‐based leadership dilemmas in relation to (1) creating a shared sense of organizational identity, (2) talent management, and (3) board governance. By describing the challenges faced by the CEO, the case shows how a strong faith‐based identification can positively bind an organization together, but also result in organizational blind spots with unintended consequences.
Cooperative, bottom‐up generation of rigid‐rod nanostructures through dynamic polymer chemistry
Authors: Folmer‐Andersen J Frantz , Buhler Eric , Candau Sauveur‐Jean , Joulie Sebastien , Schmutz Marc , Lehn Jean‐Marie
Published: June 2010

A set of carbazole‐ and benzene‐derived di(aldehyde) and di(acylhydrazine) monomers containing hexaglyme groups to impart water solubility has been synthesized. Mixing a given di(aldehyde) and di(acylhydrazine) pair in acidic aqueous solution causes polymerization through reversible acylhydrazone condensation. The structures of the resultant amphiphilic polyacylhydrazones have been studied using 1H NMR spectroscopy, matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, small‐angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography/multi‐angle laser light scattering (SEC‐MALLS) and UV‐visible and fluorescence spectrophotometries. All the available data support the existence of structurally related rod‐like nanostructures of variable lengths and constant diameters of approximately 5 nm in all cases, which are interpreted as corresponding to individually folded polymer chains. On the basis of these studies, molecular models are proposed in which the hydrophobic, aromatic polymer backbones assume helical conformations allowing for hydrophobically driven π‐stacking, while exposing the hydrophilic hexaglyme groups to the solvent. The molecular models are in agreement with the observed physical dimensions of the nanostructures, and are further supported by the observation of strong hypochromic effects on changing the solvent from dimethylformamide to water. Additionally, the reversible polymerization process is found to be cooperative. 1H NMR and SEC‐MALLS studies reveal severe deviations from statistically predicted product distributions under imbalanced stoichiometry, which are characteristic of nucleation–elongation behaviour. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Inhibitory effect of panduratin A isolated from Kaempferia panduarata Roxb. on melanin biosynthesis
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Kim Han Sung , Kim Han Kon , Kim Jin‐Woong , Yoon Ji Hoon , Cho Yumi , Hwang Jae Kwan
Published: June 2010

Hyperpigmentation disorders are associated with abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments, thus melanin synthesis inhibitors have been of great interest as target molecules for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effect of panduratin A, isolated from Kaempferia pandurata Roxb., on melanogenesis and its related enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein‐1 (TRP‐1) and tyrosinase related protein‐2 (TRP‐2) in melan‐a murine melanocytes. The IC50 values of panduratin A for melanogenesis and tyrosinase were 9.6 μm and 8.2 μm, respectively, while those of arbutin as a positive control were 990 μm and 660 μm, respectively. In western blot analysis, panduratin A also significantly decreased tyrosinase, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2 protein levels. These results indicate that panduratin A effectively inhibits melanin biosynthesis, thus creating the possibility of developing a new skin‐whitening agent. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful ISCR‐enhanced bioremediation of a TCE DNAPL source utilizing EHC® and KB‐1®
Authors: Peale James G. D. , Mueller James , Molin Josephine
Published: June 2010

Remediation of chlorinated solvent DNAPL sites often meets with mixed results. This can be attributed to the diametrically opposed nature of the impacts, where the disparate dissolved‐phase plume is more manageable than the localized, high‐concentration source area. A wide range of technologies are available for downgradient plume management, but the relative mass of contaminants in a DNAPL source area generally requires treatment for such technologies to be effective over the long term. In many cases, the characteristics of DNAPL source zones (e.g., depth, soil heterogeneity, structural limitations) limit the available options. The following describes the successful full‐scale implementation of in situ chemical reduction (ISCR) enhanced bioremediation of a TCE DNAPL source zone. In this demonstration, concentrations of TCE were rapidly reduced to below the maximum contaminant level (MCL) in less than six months following implementation. The results described herein suggest that ISCR‐enhanced bioremediation is a viable remedial alternative for chlorinated solvent source zones. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of in situ steam‐injection processes for reduction of petroleum compounds within an abandoned canal
Authors: Barth Edwin , Weinkam Grant , Clark Patrick
Published: June 2010

A conceptual approach of a novel application of in‐situ thermal processes that would either use a steam injection process or a steam/surfactant injection process was considered to remediate petroleum contaminated sediment residing in an abandoned canal. Laboratory tests were conducted in an attempt to volatilize or mobilize contaminants of concern (selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) from the contaminated sediment into a phase that could be physically removed. The processes were operated above ambient temperature and pressure in an attempt to increase the removal of the contaminants of concern from the sediment. The ability of both the steam injection process and the steam/surfactant process to remove PAHs from the sediment was considered ineffective; as only two of the seventeen selected PAHs (naphthalene and C1 naphthalene) were associated with a percentage mass reduction greater than 34% for both treatments (four trials). The steam/surfactant injection process generally resulted in higher reductions than the steam injection process, but had larger variances within the two trials using the treatment type. This preliminary evaluation suggests that steam‐based injection processes for removing petroleum contamination from this canal sediment, using the surfactants selected, equipment set‐up, and operating conditions studied, would be considered ineffective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*

This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
Remediation, land use, and risk at Hanford
Authors: Abbotts John , Weems Charles
Published: June 2010

U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) remediation responsibilities include the Hanford site in Washington State. Cleanup is governed by the Tri‐Party Agreement (TPA) between the US DOE as the responsible party and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Washington State Department of Ecology as joint regulators. In 2003, the US DOE desired to implement a “Risk‐Based End State” (RBES) policy at Hanford, with remediation measures driven by acceptable risk standards using exposure scenarios based on the 1999 Hanford Comprehensive Land‐Use Plan. Facing resistance from regulators and stakeholders, the US DOE solicited public input on its policy. This led to a Hanford Site End State Vision in 2005 and a commitment that the TPA would continue to control remediation. This article describes how regulator and public participation modified RBES to an end‐state vision. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution, movements and habitat use of channel catfish in a river with multiple low‐head dams
Authors: Butler S. E. , Wahl D. H.
Published: June 2010

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a highly mobile species and is known to make extensive seasonal movements in lotic systems. Dams have been suggested to detrimentally affect this species, although abundant channel catfish populations are known to occur in many fragmented rivers. To examine factors that allow channel catfish to persist in impounded rivers, we assessed relative abundance of channel catfish in three impounded and three flowing sites of the Fox River, Illinois, USA. Radiotelemetry was used to determine movement and habitat use patterns of channel catfish among flowing and impounded areas. Relative abundance of channel catfish was consistently higher at flowing sites than at impounded sites during summer. Several radio‐tagged channel catfish moved downstream into impounded areas in fall, and all tagged individuals were found in impounded areas during winter. The majority of tagged channel catfish moved upstream into flowing areas during spring. Channel catfish used a wide range of depths (0.28–2.60 m), and were always found in current velocities less than 0.50 m s−1. They selected most strongly for coarse substrates, but were infrequently found near cover. Although low‐head dams restrict the movements of channel catfish, impounded areas appear to provide overwintering habitats that may eliminate the need for seasonal long‐distance movements. Small run‐of‐river impoundments, however, may contain unsuitable conditions for channel catfish during other seasons. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delivery of RNAi mediators
Authors: Ford Lance P. , Toloue Masoud M.
Published: June 2010

Delivering polynucleotides into animals has been a major challenge facing their success as therapeutic agents. Given the matured understanding of antibody‐mediated delivery techniques, it is possible to rationally design delivery vehicles that circulate in the blood stream and are specifically delivered into target organs. If the targeting moiety is designed to contain the cargo of an RNAi mediator without impacting its paratope, directed delivery can be achieved. In this article, we review the state of art in delivery technology for RNA mediators and address how this technique could soon be used to enhance the efficacy of the numerous small RNA therapeutic programs currently under evaluation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article is categorized under:

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
‘Posttranscriptional’: to life scientists, no longer a postscript
Authors: Wilusz Jeff
Published: June 2010

This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems

RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification

Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells
Quality control of beverages using XRS allied to chemometrics: determination of fixed acidity, alcohol and sucrose contents in Brazilian cachaça and cashew juice
Authors: Levatti Alexandre Thais , Goraieb Karen , Bueno Maria Izabel M. S.
Published: June 2010

The present work proposes a new method to evaluate parameters of quality control for beverages using X‐ray spectrometry (XRS) allied to the chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression for one variable (PLS 1). The chosen beverages were cachaça and cashew juice owing to their economic importance in Brazil. The first study, which was carried out with craft cachaça samples acquired in Amparo (São Paulo State), established a relationship between color and sucrose content of the product and also calibrated their fixed acidities and alcoholic contents. The second study constructed multivariate models for sucrose content in commercial cachaça and cashew juice and also determined the predictive power of the method. The maximum relative errors for the predicted values of 2.9 and 2.3% for cachaça and cashew juice, respectively, demonstrate that the methods are quite promising for the quality control of these beverages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multicenter Study of 19 Aortopulmonary Window Parathyroid Tumors: The Challenge of Embryologic Origin
Authors: Arnault Vincent , Beaulieu Anthony , Lifante Jean‐Christophe , Sitges Serra Antonio , Sebag Frederic , Mathonnet Muriel , Hamy Antoine , Meurisse Michel , Carnaille Bruno , Kraimps Jean‐Louis
Published: June 2010

Background

Ectopic abnormal parathyroid glands are relatively common in the superior mediastinum but are rarely situated in the aortopulmonary window (APW). The embryological origin of these abnormal parathyroid glands is controversial. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the embryological origin and the surgical management of abnormal parathyroid glands situated in the APW.

Methods

The databases of patients operated on for primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism at eight European medical centers with a special interest in endocrine surgery were reviewed to identify those with APW adenomas. Demographic features, localization procedures, and perioperative and pathology findings were documented. The embryological origin was determined based on the number and position of identified parathyroid glands.

Results

Nineteen (0.24%) APW parathyroid tumors were identified in 7,869 patients who underwent an operation for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and 181 patients (2.3%) with mediastinal abnormal parathyroid glands. Ten patients had primary, eight had secondary, and one had tertiary HPT. Sixteen patients had undergone previous unsuccessful cervical exploration. In three patients, an APW adenoma was suspected by preoperative localization studies and was cured at the initial operation. Sixteen patients had persistent HPT of whom 15 were reoperated, resulting in 6 failures. Evaluation of 17 patients who had bilateral neck exploration allowed us to determine the most probable origin of the APW parathyroid tumors: 12 were supernumerary, 4 appeared to originate from a superior, and 1 from an inferior gland.

Conclusions

Abnormal parathyroid glands situated in the APW are rare and usually identified after an unsuccessful cervical exploration. Preoperative imaging of the mediastinum and neck are essential. The origin of these ectopically situated tumors is probably, as suggested by our data, from a supernumerary fifth parathyroid gland or from abnormal migration of a superior parathyroid gland during the embryologic development.
Iatrogenic and Non‐Iatrogenic Vascular Trauma in a District General Hospital: A 21‐year Review
Authors: De’Ath Henry D. I. , Galland Robert B.
Published: June 2010

Background

Vascular trauma is associated with significant mortality and severe complications. Vascular injuries in the UK are infrequent, although the exact incidence remains unknown. The objective of this article is to describe patients presenting with vascular trauma to one surgeon over 21 years in a British hospital.

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed and supplemented by case notes retrieval. Patients’ details, including cause and nature of vascular injury, intervention, and long‐term survival, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by comparison of survival curves using a log‐rank test.

Results

Eighty‐nine patients presented, including 44 men (49%). Iatrogenic trauma accounted for 63 cases (71%) with a median age of 63 years (range = 33‐91), and 51 of these cases (81%) occurred either following peripheral angioplasty (n = 40) or after cardiac catheterisation (n = 11). Within the non‐iatrogenic group (n = 26), median age was 35 years (range = 15‐71), with 19 cases (58%) situated in the lower limb. There were no amputations. Median survival of patients following peripheral vascular intervention was 83 months, compared with 180 months following coronary procedures. No patient died following non‐iatrogenic trauma.

Conclusion

Vascular trauma remains a serious although uncommon phenomenon, with a trend in the UK of increasing iatrogenic trauma. To ensure the best possible outcomes, future rotas and designation of services will need to guarantee the consistent availability of a vascular surgeon. A British national registry on vascular trauma is currently lacking and would assist in identifying national trends and comparing international outcomes and epidemiology.
Endovenous Ablation for the Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Ulcerations
Authors: Marrocco Christopher J. , Atkins Marvin D. , Todd Bohannon W. , Warren Thomas R. , Buckley Clifford J. , Bush Ruth L.
Published: June 2010

Objective

Conventional treatment of chronic venous disease with ulceration is layered compression dressings. Saphenous vein stripping is reserved for recurrent or nonhealing ulcers. This study examines outcomes of aggressive endovenous therapy in promoting ulcer healing and/or preventing ulcer recurrence. The role of additional perforator vein ablation also is analyzed.

Methods

This retrospective chart review occurred during a 2.5‐year time frame during which 356 patients with venous insufficiency were seen in our vein center and underwent 412 venous operations (56 with bilateral disease treated on separate dates). A cohort of 75 (21.1%) patients with severe chronic venous disease underwent 83 (20.1%) procedures (C5: n = 52, 63%; C6: n = 31, 37%); 8 patients had bilateral procedures. Data analysis included body‐mass index (BMI), history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or previous vein surgery, and type of procedure (radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of greater saphenous vein (GSV) alone or GSV and perforator ablation (GSVP)). Complications, ulcer healing rates, and recurrent ulcerations were examined. Descriptive statistics are reported and contingency tables used when appropriate.

Results

Overall, the patients were 63.5 ± 13.4 years of age (men: n = 36, women: n = 39) with a BMI of 32.4 (range, 20.8–53.4). All of the patients had GSV insufficiency and 30 (44%) patients had deep vein incompetence. Only 19 (28%) patients had a history of a DVT and 13 (19%) had previous vein procedures. The 31 extremities with C6 disease had been treated conservatively with compression for an average of 7.6 ± 4.2 (range, 1–156) months before undergoing ablation. Ablation site was GSV in 49 (72%) and GSVP in 19 (28%). Only two (2.9%) complications occurred: excessive hemosiderin staining and paresthesias each occurred in one patient. Of the C5 patients treated, two (4.7%) developed recurrent ulcerations and five (20%) C6 patients did not heal completely or developed a recurrent ulcer. There was no statistically significant difference in ulcer healing or recurrence rates between C5 and C6 patients treated with and without the addition of perforator interruption.

Conclusions

Chronic venous insufficiency with active or healed ulceration is commonly seen in our academic vein center. In this series, endovenous ablation allowed for excellent healing rates and acceptable recurrent ulcer rates. It is unclear from this small cohort whether the addition of perforator ablation was of benefit in improving venous hemodynamics.
Prognostic Factors and Outcome of 438 Chinese Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Underwent Partial Hepatectomy in a Single Center
Authors: Wang Jie , Xu Lei‐bo , Liu Chao , Pang Hao‐wei , Chen Ya‐jin , Ou Qing‐jia
Published: June 2010

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic factors and outcome of 438 Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent partial hepatectomy in a single center.

Methods

Clinicopathological data of 438 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent partial hepatectomy at the author’s hospital between 1991 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. The Kaplan–Meier method was adopted for evaluating survival. Prognostic factors were assessed by Cox proportional hazard model and logistic regression model.

Results

The perioperative (30 days) mortality and morbidity were 7.5% (33/438) and 21.7% (95/438), respectively. The operative mortality decreased significantly from 10.6% (23/218) in 1991–2001 to 4.5% (10/220) in 2002–2004 (P = 0.019). Postoperative overall survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 72.2%, 53.5%, and 43.3%, respectively. Cox multivariate analysis indicated that Child‐Pugh score, tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor stage, vascular invasion, and resection margin were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P < 0.05). Also, 254 cases had tumor recurrence after operation and 87 cases of them were reoperated. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, extrahepatic metastasis, and resection margin were independent risk factors of tumor recurrence (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Tumor size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and resection margin were the main factors that may impact the overall survival and tumor recurrence. Because resection margin was the only factor that relates to the surgery, enough resection margin (>2 cm) should be obtained whenever possible.
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: Cardiovascular Risk and Dietary Intervention
Authors: Musunuru Kiran
Published: June 2010

Atherogenic dyslipidemia comprises a triad of increased blood concentrations of small, dense low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, decreased high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, and increased triglycerides. A typical feature of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherogenic dyslipidemia has emerged as an important risk factor for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular disease. A number of genes have now been linked to this pattern of lipoprotein changes. Low‐carbohydrate diets appear to have beneficial lipoprotein effects in individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia, compared to high‐carbohydrate diets, whereas the content of total fat or saturated fat in the diet appears to have little effect. Achieving a better understanding of the genetic and dietary influences underlying atherogenic dyslipidemia may provide clues to improved interventions to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in high‐risk individuals.
Comparative genomic and phylogenetic investigation of the xenobiotic metabolizing arylamine N‐acetyltransferase enzyme family
Authors: Glenn Anthony E. , Karagianni Eleni P. , Ulndreaj Αntigona , Boukouvala Sotiria
Published: June 2010

Arylamine N‐acetyltransferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes characterized in several bacteria and eukaryotic organisms. We report a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis employing an exhaustive dataset of NAT‐homologous sequences recovered through inspection of 2445 genomes. We describe the first NAT homologues in viruses, archaea, protists, many fungi and invertebrates, providing complete annotations in line with the consensus nomenclature. Contrary to the NAT genes of vertebrates, introns are commonly found within the homologous coding regions of lower eukaryotes. The NATs of fungi and higher animals are distinctly monophyletic, but evidence supports a mixed phylogeny of NATs among bacteria, protists and possibly some invertebrates.