bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Infrared Spectra of the Novel Ge2H2 and Ge2H4 Species and the Reactive GeH1,2,3 Intermediates in Solid Neon, Deuterium and Argon.
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester , Kushto Gary P.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugated Materials: Problems and Prospects for Synthesis Using Carbohydrate Reagents.
Authors: Sandman Daniel J. , Kim Ik‐Bum , Rixman Monica A. , Tsai Zo‐Hong , Njus Jeffrey , Kim Myunghwan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative and Anaerobic Reactions of Benzyl Alcohol Catalyzed by a Pd‐561 Giant Cluster.
Authors: Hladyi Serhiy S. , Starchevsky Mykhailo K. , Pazdersky Yuriy A. , Vargaftik Michael N. , Moiseev Ilya I.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Friendly TPDS‐Mediated Free Radical Ring Expansion of α‐Haloalkyl Cyclic β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Sugi Masaaki , Togo Hideo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: TEMPO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones in Ionic Liquid [bmim][PF6].
Authors: Ansari Imtiaz A. , Gree Rene
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Oximes with Sodium Borohydride—Copper(II) Sulfate in Methanol.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Bharathi B.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ene‐Type Chlorination of Functionalized Olefins Using Sulfuryl Chloride in the Absence of a Base.
Authors: Bhamare Nana K. , Lai Gaifa , Anderson Wayne K.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Phosphono‐2‐(N‐cyanoimino)thiazolidine Derivatives, New Phosphorylating Agents for Alcohols.
Authors: Maezaki Naoyoshi , Furusawa Akemi , Hirose Yuki , Uchida Shuji , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Approaches to High‐Activity Transition‐Metal Catalysts for Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions. Rhenium‐Containing Phosphorus Donor Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Couplings.
Authors: Eichenseher Sandra , Kromm Klemenz , Delacroix Olivier , Gladysz J. A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
“The β1‐selective adrenoceptor agonist dobutamine”: A fallacy being perpetuated
Authors: Waldeck Bertil
Published: June 2010

Dobutamine is a cardiotonic agent, developed as a racemate more than 30 years ago. The compound soon got the label “the β1‐selective adrenoceptor agonist”. However, a closer examination of the enantiomers showed that (+)‐dobutamine is predominantly a β1‐ and β2‐adrenoceptor agonist with modest selectivity whereas (−)‐dobutamine is predominantly an α1‐adrenoceptor agonist. Nevertheless,racdobutamine is still frequently used as a tool for classification of β‐adrenoceptors. This ignorance of chiralilty may lead to erroneous conclusions and consolidate false labels. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
100 Jahre Bakelit
Authors: Braun Dietrich , Collin Gerd
Published: June 2010

Auf der Suche nach einem Ersatz für das Naturprodukt Schellack entstand vor rund 100 Jahren mit dem synthetischen “Bakelit” eine neue und die zugleich jüngste Werkstoffklasse der Menschheit, die unserer Zeit technisch und kulturell ihren Stempel aufgedrückt hat. Die Erfindung der duroplastischen (härtbaren) Bakelite‐Harze durch dem flämischen Chemiker Leo Hendrik Baekeland aus Steinkohlenteer‐Phenol und Formaldehyd markiert den Beginn des “Zeitalters der Kunststoffe” im 20. Jahrhundert.
Häcksler bekommt Nebenjob
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: June 2010

Ein Enzym namens Dicer (nach einem Küchenwerkzeug zum Gemüsehäckseln) zerschnipselt normalerweise RNA‐Moleküle, was sowohl in der Natur als auch im Labor dem zeitweiligen Ausschalten von Genen dienen kann. Völlig überraschend kam nun der Befund, dass Würmer den RNA‐Häcksler auf DNA umschalten und im programmierten Zelltod einsetzen können.
Intra‐arterial iodine‐131‐lipiodol for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chua Terence C. , Chu Francis , Butler S. Patrick , Quinn Richard J. , Glenn Derek , Liauw Winston , Morris David L.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Hepatic artery administration of iodine‐131‐Lipiodol serves as a modality that delivers targeted radiation therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma. Its efficacy has been promising according to trials conducted in the adjuvant setting after hepatic resection. Further investigation of its role in the palliative setting is warranted.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of 72 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with iodine‐131‐Lipiodol and followed up by the St. George Hospital Sydney's hepatobiliary service was conducted. Efficacy of treatment was determined based on progression‐free and overall survival as the endpoints using the Kaplan‐Meier method.

RESULTS:

Sixty men and 12 women with a mean age of 65 years (standard deviation = 11) underwent iodine‐131‐Lipiodol treatment. Chronic viral hepatitis was present in 29 (41%) patients. Fifty (69%) patients were Child‐Pugh class A. Median progression‐free survival was 6 months, and overall survival was 14 months; the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were 52%, 33% and 20%, respectively. Factors associated with survival include the American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = .03), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage (P = .05), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program score (P = .008), tumor size (P = .01), extrahepatic disease (P < .001), previous surgery (P = .02), and response to treatment (P < .001). The response to treatment was identified through a multivariate analysis as the single independent predictor for survival (hazard ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2‐5.4; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Encouraging survival outcomes may be derived through administration of iodine‐131‐Lipiodol in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall success of treatment may be determined by the response to treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Timing of palliative care referral and symptom burden in phase 1 cancer patients
Authors: Hui David , Parsons Henrique , Nguyen Linh , Palla Shana L. , Yennurajalingam Sriram , Kurzrock Razelle , Bruera Eduardo
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND:

Phase 1 trials offer patients with advanced cancer the opportunity to pursue life‐prolonging cancer treatments. In the current study, the timing of referral and symptom burden between patients referred to palliative care by phase 1 oncologists and those referred by non‐phase 1 oncologists were compared.

METHODS:

All 57 patients with advanced solid tumors who were referred by phase 1 oncologists to the palliative care outpatient clinic at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) between 2007 and 2008 were included. The comparison cohort was comprised of 114 non‐phase 1 patients who were stratified by age, sex, and cancer diagnosis in a 1:2 ratio. Information regarding patient characteristics, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), timing of referral, and survival was retrieved.

RESULTS:

Both cohorts had the following matched characteristics: average age of 57 years, with44% of the patients being female and 47% having gastrointestinal cancers. At the time of palliative care consultation, patients referred by phase 1 oncologists were more likely than patients referred by non‐phase 1 oncologists to have a better performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0–1: 61% vs 36% [P = .003). The ESAS was not significantly different with the exception of better well‐being in the phase 1 cohort (mean, 4.5 vs 5.5; P = .03). No difference was found for the duration between registration at MDACC and palliative care consultation (13 months vs 11 months; P = .41) and overall survival from the time of palliative care consultation (5 months vs 4 months; P = .69).

CONCLUSIONS:

Outpatients referred to palliative care by phase 1 oncologists were found to have a better performance status but similar symptom burden compared with patients referred by non‐phase 1 oncologists. Patients with phase 1 involvement did not appear to have delayed palliative care referral compared with non‐phase 1 patients. The results of the current study support the development of a simultaneous care model. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Renewed Insight into the Promoting Mechanism of Magnesium Hydride on Ammonia Borane
Authors: Luo Junhong , Kang Xiangdong , Wang Ping
Published: June 2010

Our previous study found that mechanically milling with magnesium hydride (MgH2) could dramatically improve the dehydrogenation property of ammonia borane (AB). Meanwhile, it appears that the MgH2 additive maintains its phase stability in the milling and subsequent heating process. In an effort to further the mechanistic understanding of the AB/MgH2 system, we reinvestigated the property and structure evolution in the hydrogen release process of the AB/0.5MgH2 sample. Property examination using volumetric method and synchronous thermal analyses showed that the AB/0.5 MgH2 sample releases ∼13.8 wt % hydrogen after being heated at 300 °C. This hydrogen amount is in excess of that available from AB, indicative of the participation of a faction of MgH2 in the dehydrogenation process of AB. Structural and chemical state analyses using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and solid‐state 11B nuclear magnetic resonance techniques further showed that part of MgH2 participates in the dehydrogenation process of AB from the first step, resulting in the formation of MgBNH intermediate species. The incorporation of Mg in AB is believed to be a crucial event leading to dehydrogenation property improvements, particularly for the release of the last equivalent of H2 in AB at relatively moderate temperature. These findings have provided renewed insight into the promoting mechanism of MgH2 on the hydrogen release from AB.
A 120–420 MHz delay‐locked loop with multi‐band voltage‐controlled delay unit
Authors: Kuo Ko‐Chi , Hsu Yi‐Hsi
Published: June 2010

A low‐jitter and low‐power dissipation delay‐locked loop (DLL) is presented. A proposed multi‐band voltage control delay unit (MVCDU) is employed to extend the operation frequency of the DLL by controlling the delay cell within the MVCDU. The jitter of DLL is reduced due to MVCDU's low sensitivity. The delay cell in the MVCDU employs a differential configuration to further reduce the noise impact from the fluctuation in the supply and ground voltage. The operating frequency of the proposed DLL ranges from 120 to 420 MHz. The proposed design has been fabricated in a TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process. The measured RMS and peak‐to‐peak jitters are 4.86 and 34.55 ps, respectively, at an operating frequency of 300 MHz. The power dissipation is below 14.85 mW at an operating frequency of 420 MHz. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levels of circulating endothelial cells in normotensive and severe preeclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Strijbos Michiel H. , Snijder Claudia A. , Kraan Jaco , Lamers Cor H. J. , Gratama Jan W. , Duvekot Johannes J.
Published: June 2010

Background:

Preeclampsia is a disease hypothesized to originate from widespread endothelial dysfunction or damage. This study investigated whether circulating endothelial cells (CEC) can serve as a surrogate marker for disease severity in patients with preeclampsia, and if their number correlates to serum endothelial biomarkers for activation, dysfunction, or damage of those cells.

Methods:

Blood was drawn consecutively from 30 patients admitted with a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia. Thirty healthy, normotensive, patients matched for age, body mass index, and gestational age served as a control group. We determined the number of CEC and serum concentrations of biomarkers indicative of endothelial damage (thrombomodulin) and activation (E‐selectin), and the antiangiogenic protein (endoglin), which reflects endothelial dysfunction.

Results:

Median CEC counts did not differ significantly between preeclamptic patients and the control group (median 5.3 vs. 3.5 CEC/mL, respectively) and were mostly within the normal range (i.e., <20 CEC/mL). However, serum concentrations of thrombomodulin (median 3.6 vs. 5.2 ng/mL; P = 0.006), E‐selectin (median 32.0 vs. 42.9 ng/mL; P = 0.02), and especially endoglin (median 5.0 vs. 76.2 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) were significantly increased in severe preeclamptic patients. CEC counts did not correlate with any of the clinical parameters or routinely determined laboratory indices.

Conclusion:

Preeclampsia is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and activation rather than actual endothelial damage as characterized by increased CEC counts. © 2010 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Opioid mediation of amniotic fluid effects on chemosensory responsiveness in the neonatal rat
Authors: Méndez‐Gallardo Valerie , Robinson Scott R.
Published: June 2010

The present study investigated if oral exposure to milk or amniotic fluid (AF) alters responsiveness to sensory stimulation in the neonatal rat, and whether these effects are mediated by the opioid system. Facial wiping evoked by intraoral lemon infusion was used as a measure of sensory responsiveness. Pups were tested in a supine posture, because they showed more paw‐face strokes during facial wiping than pups tested prone (Experiment 1). Moreover, pups orally exposed to milk (Experiment 2) or AF (Experiment 3) showed a diminished wiping response to lemon compared to controls exposed to water. Blockade of opioid receptors with the nonselective antagonist naltrexone (Experiment 4) or the kappa antagonist nor‐binaltorphimine (Experiment 5) reinstated higher levels of facial wiping after AF exposure. These findings confirm developmental continuity between fetal and neonatal behavioral responses to AF and the ability of AF to induce activity at kappa receptors of the endogenous opioid system. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 740–754, 2010.
Neuroplasticity of the central hypercapnic ventilatory response: Teratogen‐induced impairment and subsequent recovery during development
Authors: Brundage Cord M. , Taylor Barbara E.
Published: June 2010

Neuroventilation is highly plastic and exposure to either of two distinct teratogens, nicotine or ethanol, during development results in a similar loss of the neuroventilatory response to hypercapnia in bullfrog tadpoles. Whether this functional deficit is permanent or transient following nicotine or ethanol exposure was unknown. Here, we tested the persistence of hypercapnic neuroventilatory response impairments in tadpoles exposed to either 30 μg/L nicotine or 0.12–0.06 g/dL ethanol for 10 weeks. Brainstem breathing‐related neural activity was assessed in tadpoles allowed to develop teratogen‐free after either nicotine or ethanol exposure. Nicotine‐exposed animals responded normally to hypercapnia after a 3‐week teratogen‐free period but the hypercapnic response in ethanol‐exposed tadpoles remained impaired. Tadpoles allowed to develop for only 1 week nicotine free after chronic exposure were unable to respond to hypercapnia. The hypercapnic response of ethanol‐exposed tadpoles returned by 6 weeks following chronic ethanol exposure. These findings suggest that some nicotine‐ and ethanol‐induced impairments can be resolved during early development. Understanding both the disruptive effects of nicotine and ethanol exposure and how impaired responses return when teratogen exposure stops may offer insight on the function and plasticity of respiratory control. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 726–735, 2010
Three consecutive generations of nephridia occur during development of Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida, Polychaeta)
Authors: Hasse Christian , Rebscher Nicole , Reiher Wencke , Sobjinski Kathrin , Moerschel Erhard , Beck Lothar , Tessmar‐Raible Kristin , Arendt Detlev , Hassel Monika
Published: June 2010

Molecular data for nephridial development in polychaetes are not available yet. The scope of our work was to establish a reference system for future investigations using two markers for nephridial development: β‐tubulin as marker for cilia and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity for secretory epithelia. The markers identified, unexpectedly, three consecutively forming generations of nephridia: (1) a transitory unciliated, but AP‐positive head kidney, (2) a transitory larval nephridium, which undergoes a morphological transition from a protonephridium to a funnelled nephridium concomitant with the development of the coelomic cavity and finally, (3) the serially arranged metanephridia. The spatial arrangement of larval and definitive nephridia, revealed an up to now unknown developmental boundary between the synchronously forming larval and the serially proliferating definitive segments. Development of three consecutive sets of nephridia with different morphology and biochemical properties was unexpected and reveals an interesting multistep process in the development of excretory structures in Platynereis. Developmental Dynamics 239:1967–1976, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected Oxidative Dimerisations of a Cyclopentadienyl‐Phosphane – Formation of Unprecedented, Structurally Remarkable Phosphacyclic Compounds
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin , Elfferding Michael , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: June 2010

The reactions of Me2PCp# (1) (Cp# = C5HMe4) with Ph3PCH2X+ X–(X = Cl, Br, I) and diiodomethane as potential electrophiles have been investigated. Unexpectedly, in all four cases unprecedented oxidative dimerisations of the cyclopentadienylphosphane 1 have been observed. In the reactions with the phosphonium salts, an ionic group 15 analogue of octamethyl‐tetrahydro‐s‐indacene with different counterions X– has been obtained (5–7) as a result of X+ transfer and H+ elimination. In the reaction of 1 with diiodomethane a fourfold anellated, partially unsaturated, heterocyclic compound 9 exhibiting two spiro carbon centres, which are directly linked, was formed, presumably as a result of iodine radical transfer. Both of the novel phosphorus heterocycles have been characterised by means of single crystal XRD analysis.
Macrocyclic 14‐Membered‐Ring Diketal Dilactams: Spectroscopic Studies and Conformational Analysis of Their Complexes with Divalent Cations
Authors: Valade Anne‐Gaëlle , Harakat Dominique , Guyot Jacques , Laprévote Olivier , Dugat Denise
Published: June 2010

The complexation behaviour of four new 14‐membered‐ring diketal dilactam macrocycles towards some divalent cation perchlorates has been investigated. Stoichiometries and binding constants were determined by 1H NMR titration experiments. The structures of the complexes were studied by IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and electrospray mass spectrometry. 13C longitudinal relaxation time data allowed identification of the donor atoms involved in the complexation and provided information on the intramolecular mobility of the complexed ligands. Molecular modelling was also used to gain further insights into the conformational changes undergone by these molecules as a result of metal ligation. It was found that i. the macrocycles formed complexes of essentially 1:1 stoichiometry in the binding order Sr2+ ≥ Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Ba2+, ii. the coordination process caused conformational changes that resulted in cleavage of the hydrogen bonds in the ligand structure and a new orientation of the NH–CO bonds and iii. the coordination of the cations involved either all six oxygen atoms of the ligands or five of them, depending on whether the OMe groups were cis or trans, and probably two oxygen atoms from the ClO4– counter‐anion.
Linear Tetranickel String Complexes with Mixed Supported Ligands and Mixed‐Valence Units [Ni2]3+: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Studies
Authors: Yeh Che‐Wei , Liu Isiah Po‐Chun , Wang Rui‐Ren , Yeh Chen‐Yu , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming
Published: June 2010

The synthesis, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of linear tetranickel string complexes supported by mixed 2‐(α‐pyridylamino)‐1,8‐naphthyridine (Hpyany) and N‐(p‐tolylsulfonyl)dipyridyldiamine (H2tsdpda) ligands are reported. In comparing the crystal structure of [Ni4(pyany)2(tsdpda)2Cl] (1) with that of [Ni4(pyany)2(tsdpda)2Cl(H2O)](PF6) (2), the one‐electron‐reduced compound 1 displays shorter Ni(3)–Ni(4) (ca. 2.28 Å) and longer Ni(3)–N (ca. 2.02 Å) bond lengths. Similar trends have also been observed for axial NCS–‐substituted derivatives [Ni4(pyany)2(tsdpda)2(NCS)] (3) and [Ni4(pyany)2(tsdpda)2(NCS)2] (4). These structural variations indicate the formation of a mixed‐valence [Ni2]3+ unit and a three‐electron, two‐center Ni(4)–Ni(3) σ bond. Magnetic measurements of 2 and 4 show that both terminal Ni(1) and Ni(4) ions are in the high‐spin states (S = 1) and are antiferromagnetically coupled. The one‐electron‐reduced complexes 1 and 3, however, exhibit a delocalized mixed‐valence [Ni2]3+ unit (S = 3/2), which is antiferromagnetically coupled with the terminal high‐spin NiII ion.
Strong Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Highly Emissive Terbium Complexes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Samuel Amanda P. S. , Lunkley Jamie L. , Muller Gilles , Raymond Kenneth N.
Published: June 2010

Two luminescent terbium(III) complexes have been prepared from chiral ligands containing 2‐hydroxyisophthalamide (IAM) antenna chromophores and their non‐polarized and circularly‐polarized luminescence properties have been studied. These tetradentate ligands, which form 2:1 ligand/TbIII complexes, utilize diaminocyclohexane (cyLI) and diphenylethylenediamine (dpenLI) backbones, which we reasoned would impart conformational rigidity and result in TbIII complexes that display both large luminescence quantum yield (Φ) values and strong circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities. Both TbIII complexes are highly emissive, with Φ values of 0.32 (dpenLI‐Tb) and 0.60 (cyLI‐Tb). Luminescence lifetime measurements in H2O and D2O indicate that while cyLI‐Tb exists as a single species in solution, dpenLI‐Tb exists as two species: a monohydrate complex with one H2O molecule directly bound to the TbIII ion and a complex with no water molecules in the inner coordination sphere. Both cyLI‐Tb and dpenLI‐Tb display increased CPL activity compared to previously reported TbIII complexes made with chiral IAM ligands. The CPL measurements also provide additional confirmation of the presence of a single emissive species in solution in the case of cyLI‐Tb, and multiple emissive species in the case of dpenLI‐Tb.
Preparation of Highly Hindered Polyenynes
Authors: Kiliçkiran Pinar , Hopf Henning , Dix Ina , Jones Peter G.
Published: June 2010

The terminal enynes 10–12 were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes 6–8 by applying conventional methods of acetylene chemistry. After exploratory study of the reactivity of these hydrocarbons (preparation of 13, 18, and 19 from 10) these building blocks were subsequently oxidatively dimerized (Glaser coupling) to the sterically protected oligoenynes 22–25; McMurry coupling of 13 yielded 26 as a mixture of diastereomers. Whereas 22 is inert towards sodium sulfide the higher vinylogs/ethynylogs 23–25 furnished the novel thiophene derivatives 28–31. The structures of several (22–25, 28, 29) of the new highly unsaturated compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
A DFT Study of 1,4‐Biradical Intermediates Involved in Stereoselective Paternò–Büchi Reactions
Authors: D'Auria Maurizio , Racioppi Rocco
Published: June 2010

The stereoselectivity of the reaction of silyl enol ethers with benzaldehyde is explained by using DFT calculations, considering the relative stability of the possible stereoisomers of the biradical intermediates and the coupling between the single occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs) of these intermediates. The same approach can be used to justify the observed endo stereoselectivity in the reaction of 2,3‐dihydrofuran with 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzaldehyde and the exostereoselectivity in the reaction of the same substrate with 2‐naphthaldehyde.
Amperometric NADH Biosensor Based on Magnetic Chitosan Microspheres/Poly(thionine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhang Hai‐Li , Lai Guo‐Song , Yu Ai‐Min , Huang Yu‐Mei , Han De‐Yan
Published: June 2010

Novel magnetic chitosan‐coated microspheres (MCMSs) were prepared by modifying carbon‐coated iron magnetic nanoparticles with chitosan. An amperometric dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) sensor was constructed based on immobilizing MCMS on the surface of a polythionine (PTH) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The fabrication of MCMS/PTH film and its electrocatalytic effect on electrochemical oxidation of NADH were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetric methods. It was found that the resulting integrated films of PTH and MCMS exhibit high electrocatalytic response to NADH by significantly reduce its overpotential. The effects of the experimental variables on the amperometric determination of NADH such as solution pH and working potential were investigated for optimum analytical performance. This electrochemical sensor had a fast response to NADH which was less than 10 s. Linear response ranges of 2–10 μM and 10–100 μM and a detection limit of 0.51 μM (S/N=3) were obtained under the optimum conditions. Moreover, the selectivity, stability and reproducibility of this biosensor was evaluated with satisfactory results.
Electrochemical Adsorption Study of Natural Organic Matter in Marine and Freshwater Systems. A Plea for Use of Mercury for Scientific Purposes
Authors: Ćosović Božena , Kozarac Zlatica , Frka Sanja , Vojvodić Vjeročka
Published: June 2010

Most biogeochemical processes in natural waters take place at different phase discontinuities, among which the largest one is the atmosphere‐ocean boundary. Owing to molecular properties, surface active chemical species are adsorbed at natural interfaces, i.e. their concentration increases spontaneously. Electrochemical techniques offer the possibility of direct investigation of adsorption characteristics of a complex mixture of naturally present organic solutes at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Among various possibilities of measurement the electrode double layer capacity changes at the mercury electrode found the widest application.
The Long Way to Success: Jaroslav Heyrovský and the Nobel Prize
Authors: Jindra Jiří
Published: June 2010

Jaroslav Heyrovský's scientific career which eventually led him towards his long awaited Nobel Prize, has already been sufficiently documented, particularly for the years 1934–1954 [1]. Shorty said: Prof. Heyrovský received the Nobel Prize in the year 1959, 35 years after the first nomination. Between 1934 to 1959 he received in total 63 nominations from 13 foreign and 52 Czechoslovak nominators. Besides chemistry Heyrovský was nominated for prizes for physics and physiology and medicine.
SOFC 5 kWe CHP Field Unit: Effect of the Methane Dilution
Authors: Santarelli M. , Gariglio M. , De Benedictis F. , Delloro F. , Calì M. , Orsello G.
Published: June 2010

TurboCare and Politecnico di Torino (Italy) have installed an SOFC laboratory in order to analyse the operation of two SOFC generators (Project EOS‐100 kW and EBE‐5 kW) built by Siemens Power Corporation (SPC). In the EBE project the installation of the SFC5 SOFC generator (3.5 kWe and 3 kWth) was carried out. To date, it has operated in the workshop canteen for more than 15,984 h with very high reliability.

The real stack is a complex system not installed in a laboratory environment, and has several effects of non‐homogeneity in terms of electrochemical response to fuel or air management modifications. Moreover, many of the parameters of the stack are not directly measurable, and have to be inferred by indirect measurements.

In this paper, the analysis of the non‐homogeneous behaviour of the different segments of the complete stack is performed, through an experimental session using a non‐conventional fuel.

The obtained data have been analysed using the ANOVA for every dependent variable and a non‐linear regression model for the voltage. Those models were used to evaluate the effect of the fuel modification on the local fuel utilisation in different sectors of the stack.
Rare occurrence of biallelic CYLD gene mutations in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Schmidt Annette , Schmitz Roland , Giefing Maciej , Martin‐Subero Jose Ignacio , Gesk Stefan , Vater Inga , Massow Anne , Maggio Ewerton , Schneider Markus , Hansmann Martin‐Leo , Siebert Reiner , Küppers Ralf
Published: June 2010

Survival of the malignant Hodgkin and Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is dependent on constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) transcription factor. The deubiquitinating enzyme CYLD is a negative regulator of NF‐κB and known to function as a tumor suppressor. To determine whether CYLD mutations play a role in cHL pathogenesis, we sequenced the gene in cHL cell lines and microdissected HRS cells obtained from lymph‐node biopsies. A biallelic inactivation by mutations was found in the cHL cell‐line KM‐H2. However, the other seven cHL cell lines analyzed and HRS cells of 10 primary cHL cases did not show any mutations. By interphase cytogenetics, a (sub)clonal biallelic CYLD deletion was observed by interphase cytogenetics in 1 of 29 primary cHL, whereas signal patterns indicating decreased CYLD copy numbers were observed in a total of 10 of 29 primary cases. Our results suggest that biallelic CYLD mutations are rarely involved in cHL pathogenesis. Nevertheless, it is remarkable that KM‐H2 cells, besides the CYLD mutations, also carry inactivating mutations in the genes of two other NF‐κB inhibitors, that is, NFKBIA and TNFAIP3, exemplifying that multiple lesions in regulators of this signaling pathway can likely cooperatively contribute to the strong NF‐κB activity of these cells. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional neuroimaging at different disease stages reveals distinct phases of neuroplastic changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mohammadi Bahram , Kollewe Katja , Samii Amir , Dengler Reinhard , Münte Thomas F.
Published: June 2010

Some previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed increased activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients but longitudinal data on such activation changes are lacking. To assess the time course of changes in fMRI patterns and their potential contribution to the understanding of ALS pathophysiology, we, therefore, investigated a total of 22 patients with ALS and matched control participants while they performed a blocked motor task. Patients were assigned to three groups according to whether they had no (MRC grade 5), mild (MRC 4), or marked (MRC 3) weakness of the examined right hand. Significant activations were seen in primary motor and premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex, supplementary motor area and subcortical areas in all groups. The size of the activated area in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex was increased to a similar degree in all three ALS groups compared to control participants irrespective of weakness on clinical examination. Whereas movement related signal change and beta weights extracted from the activated cluster were unchanged relative to controls in ALS patients with no weakness, a marked decrease of these parameters was seen in patients with weakness. Two distinct stages of neuroplastic changes could be identified in ALS (first: increase of the activated area in contralateral sensorimotor cortex; second: reduction of signal change and beta weights with increasing weakness). We interpret the increase of the activated area as a result of decreased intracortical inhibition and the reduction of movement related signal change and beta weights as a consequence of loss of upper motor neurons. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granger causal influence predicts BOLD activity levels in the default mode network
Authors: Jiao Qing , Lu Guangming , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhong Yuan , Wang Zhengge , Guo Yongxin , Li Kai , Ding Mingzhou , Liu Yijun
Published: June 2010

Although the brain areas in the default‐mode network (DMN) act in a coordinated way during rest, the activity levels in the individual areas of the DMN are highly heterogeneous. The relation between the activity levels and the pattern of causal interaction among the DMN areas remains unknown. In the present fMRI study, seven nodes of the DMN were identified and their activity levels were rank‐ordered based on a power spectral analysis of the resting blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals. Furthermore, the direction of information flow among these DMN nodes was determined using Granger causality analysis and graph‐theoretic methods. We found that the activity levels in these seven DMN nodes had a highly consistent hierarchical distribution, with the highest activity level in the posterior cingulate/precuneus cortices, followed by ventral medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, and with the lowest level in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Importantly, a significant correlation was found between the activity levels and the In‐Out degrees of information flow across the DMN nodes, suggesting that Granger causal influences can be used to predict BOLD activity levels. These findings shed light on the dynamical organization of cortical neuronal networks and may provide the basis for characterizing network disruption by brain disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor activity of satraplatin in cisplatin‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Yamano Yukio , Shiiba Masashi , Negoro Kenji , Nakatani Ken , Kasamatsu Atsushi , Yamatoji Masanobu , Sakuma Kentaro , Ogoshi Kenji , Iyoda Manabu , Shinozuka Keiji , Yokoe Hidetaka , Wada Takeshi , Fujita Shigeyuki , Iwasawa Shunichiro , Takiguchi Yuichi , Tanzawa Hideki , Uzawa Katsuhiro
Published: June 2010

Background.

The aim of the current study was to identify the antitumor activity of satraplatin in paired cisplatin (CDDP)‐resistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line and its parental cell line.

Methods.

CDDP‐resistant (KB‐R) cells and parental cells (KB) pair were used. Viability was assessed using the MTT and clonogenic assay. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), glutathione (GSH) assay, and flow cytometric analysis were used for further assessment.

Results.

KB‐R cells did not show cross‐resistance to satraplatin. The expression status of almost all transporters was upregulated in the KB‐R cells. There was no difference in the GSH levels between the KB and KB‐R cells. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that with satraplatin the G2/M phase was arrested in the KB‐R cells. KB‐R cells contain enriched side population cells.

Conclusion.

These data suggested that satraplatin has antitumor activity against the CDDP‐resistant OSCC cells. The mechanism of cross‐resistance to platinum agents seems to be multifactorial. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Long-Term Entecavir Therapy Results in the Reversal of Fibrosis/Cirrhosis and Continued Histological Improvement in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B†,‡
Authors: Chang Ting-Tsung , Liaw Yun-Fan , Wu Shun-Sheng , Schiff Eugene , Han Kwang-Hyub , Lai Ching-Lung , Safadi Rifaat , Lee Samuel S. , Halota Waldemar , Goodman Zachary , Chi Yun-Chan , Zhang Hui , Hindes Robert , Iloeje Uchenna , Beebe Suzanne , Kreter Bruce
Published: June 2010

One year of treatment with entecavir (0.5 mg daily) in nucleoside-naive patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive or HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) resulted in significantly improved liver histology and virological and biochemical endpoints in comparison with lamivudine. Patients who received at least 3 years of cumulative entecavir therapy in phase 3 studies and a long-term rollover study and underwent long-term liver biopsy were evaluated for improvements in histological appearance. Sixty-nine patients [50 HBeAg-positive and 19 HBeAg-negative] receiving entecavir therapy underwent long-term liver biopsy (median time of biopsy = 6 years, range = 3-7 years). Histological improvement was analyzed for 57 patients who had adequate baseline biopsy samples, baseline Knodell necroinflammatory scores ≥2, and adequate long-term biopsy samples. At the time of long-term biopsy, all patients in the cohort had a hepatitis B virus DNA level <300 copies/mL, and 86% had a normalized alanine aminotransferase level. Histological improvement (≥2-point decrease in the Knodell necroinflammatory score and no worsening of the Knodell fibrosis score) was observed in 96% of patients, and a ≥1-point improvement in the Ishak fibrosis score was found in 88% of patients, including all 10 patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis at the phase 3 baseline.

Conclusion:

The majority of nucleoside-naive patients with CHB who were treated with entecavir in this long-term cohort achieved substantial histological improvement and regression of fibrosis or cirrhosis.
Modulation of neurogenesis by targeted hippocampal irradiation fails to affect kindling progression
Authors: Pekcec Anton , Lüpke Matthias , Baumann Rolf , Seifert Hermann , Potschka Heidrun
Published: June 2010

Changes in the rate of dentate granule cell neurogenesis and in the fate of newborn granule cells have been implicated in the development and progression of epilepsies. Strategies to normalize neurogenesis in chronic epilepsy models are thought to increase our understanding of the functional consequences of aberrant neurogenesis in the epileptic brain. Therefore, we modulated neurogenesis in an amygdala kindling paradigm in rats by targeted irradiation of the hippocampus using a medical linear accelerator device. Selective irradiation normalized the hippocampal cell proliferation rate in kindled animals. Both, in kindled and nonkindled rats the number of BrdU/NeuN‐labeled newborn neurons was reduced in response to irradiation. Whereas kindling resulted in a pronounced increase in the number of neuroblasts identified based on doublecortin‐labeling, irradiation prevented the expansion of the neuroblast population. Moreover, irradiation counteracted the kindling‐associated increase in hilar basal dendrites, and kept the fraction of cells with basal dendrites at control levels. Despite the efficacious modulation of neurogenesis, irradiation did not affect the rate of kindling progression. Both, the number of stimulations as well as the cumulative afterdischarge duration to reach respective seizure stages were comparable in animals with and without irradiation. In addition, pre‐ and postkindling thresholds as well as seizure parameters recorded at threshold stimulation remained unaffected by irradiation. In conclusion, the fact that the efficacious modulation of neurogenesis by irradiation did not exert any effects on kindling acquisition and kindled seizures suggests that newborn neurons do not critically contribute to the hyperexcitable state in the chronic epilepsy model used. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dentate gyrus granule cell firing patterns can induce mossy fiber long‐term potentiation in vitro
Authors: Mistry Rajen , Dennis Siobhan , Frerking Matthew , Mellor Jack R.
Published: June 2010

Hippocampal granule cells transmit information about behaviorally‐relevant stimuli to CA3 pyramidal cells via mossy fiber synapses. These synapses express a form of long‐term potentiation (mfLTP) that is non‐Hebbian and does not require NMDA receptors. mfLTP is thought to be induced and expressed presynaptically, hence, the major determinant of whether mfLTP occurs is activity in the granule cells. However, it remains unclear whether mfLTP can be induced by activity patterns that granule cells exhibit in vivo, and—if so—what context generates these patterns. To address these issues, we examined granule cell activity from in vivo recordings from rats during performance of a delayed nonmatch‐to‐sample (DNMS) task and found that granule cells exhibit a wide range of spike patterns. In vitro slice experiments in mice demonstrated that some, but not all, of these patterns of activity could induce mfLTP. By further defining the activity thresholds for mfLTP in hippocampal slices, we found that mfLTP can only be induced by spike patterns that fire in high frequency bursts with a low average firing frequency. Using this information, we then screened for suprathreshold bursts of activity during the DNMS task. In a subset of cells, suprathreshold bursts occurred preferentially during the sampling phase of the task. If suprathreshold bursting took place later, during the delay phase, task performance was disrupted. We conclude that mfLTP can be induced by granule cell spike patterns during a memory task, and that the timing of mfLTP induction can predict task performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid consolidation and the human hippocampus: Intracranial recordings confirm surface EEG
Authors: Nahum Louis , Gabriel Damien , Spinelli Laurent , Momjian Shahan , Seeck Margitta , Michel Christoph M. , Schnider Armin
Published: June 2010

Diverse studies demonstrated that although immediately repeated stimuli are better and faster recognized than stimuli repeated after a delay, this comes at the price of less‐efficient long‐term retention. A recent‐evoked potential study using source estimation of high‐resolution scalp EEG indicated that while immediate repetition induced a strikingly different electrical activity than new items in the left‐medial temporal lobe (MTL) after 200–300 ms, delayed repetition did not. In this study, we recorded evoked potentials in two epileptic patients with intracranial depth electrodes in diverse temporal and frontal areas as they performed the same task as in the previous study. We found that immediate repetition induced increase of neural activity specifically in the left MTL between 250 and 400 ms compared to new items and items repeated after a delay. The findings are important in two ways. First, they support our previous conclusion that novel information immediately initiates a consolidation process involving the left‐hippocampal area, which remains vulnerable during active maintenance and increases its effectiveness during off‐line processing. Second, they indicate that source estimation based on high‐resolution scalp EEG correctly localizes the current source of electrical activity in midline structures like the MTL. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The visualization of micro bubble dynamic behavior in capillary microgrooves
Authors: Wu Liyuan , Hu Xuegong , Tang Dawei
Published: June 2010

Rectangular capillary microgrooves are processed on transparent borosilicate glass. Using high‐speed photography, bubble dynamic behaviors in the microgrooves are observed and analyzed. It is proved that no bubble departs from the bottom of microgroove. The results show that the whole bubble lifecycle can be divided into three distinct stages according to growing velocity. Compared with macroscopic pool boiling phenomenon, bubble life cycle shortens greatly. Experimental results about time‐varying micro bubble sizes are distinctly different from those of theoretical calculation results by the dynamic micro layer model for nucleate pool boiling heat transfer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; 39(7): 475–481, 2010; Published online 2 June 2010 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20309
Emerging roles of the host defense peptide LL‐37 in human cancer and its potential therapeutic applications
Authors: Wu William K.K. , Wang Guangshun , Coffelt Seth B. , Betancourt Aline M. , Lee Chung W. , Fan Daiming , Wu Kaichun , Yu Jun , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Cho Chi H.
Published: June 2010

Human cathelicidin LL‐37, a host defense peptide derived from leukocytes and epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immunity. Not only does LL‐37 eliminate pathogenic microbes directly but also modulates host immune responses. Emerging evidence from tumor biology studies indicates that LL‐37 plays a prominent and complex role in carcinogenesis. Although overexpression of LL‐37 has been implicated in the development or progression of many human malignancies, including breast, ovarian and lung cancers, LL‐37 suppresses tumorigenesis in gastric cancer. These data are beginning to unveil the intricate and contradictory functions of LL‐37. The reasons for the tissue‐specific function of LL‐37 in carcinogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we review the relationship between LL‐37, its fragments and cancer progression as well as discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting this peptide.