THE PROBLEM OF INCIDENCE OF ACUTE INTESTINAL INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN DURING WARTIME IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pikul K.V. , Shayenko Z.O. , Muravlоva О. V. , Ilchenko V.I. , Gerashchenko N.G. 
Published: March 2023

The relevance of this pathology today is due to the increased incidence of acute intestinal infections in children. The purpose of our work was the analysis of modern views on the diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal infections in children during the wartime period in Ukraine. Materials and methods: the data of the scientific literature were analyzed using the bibliosemantic method of research and a clinical case of the medical history was proposed, which caused some difficulties for the doctors at the initial stage. Research results and their discussion. The range of possible human etiological agents continues to expand as previously unknown viruses are isolated. The diseases caused by them are less studied, since their detection was carried out mainly in the framework of scientific research. The most frequent pathogens of intestinal infections are rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and coronaviruses. Episodes of acute diarrheal diseases in European countries in children under 3 years of age were noted up to 2 times a year, but in countries with limited resources or military operations, on average, up to 6 times a year (in particular, in Ukraine by 2022). The war led to an increase in viral etiology and an increase in the share of children with secondary bacterial complications, and accordingly, the share of the use of antibacterial agents increased. The most common nosology of the gastrointestinal tract was acute gastroenterocolitis, which was characterized by any combination of diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of child mortality in the world, especially in countries where there are military conflicts or a low social standard of living. The authors give an example of a clinical case of a girl, born in 2018, who was treated in the children's infectious disease department in the summer of 2022. and referred to persons forcibly resettled due to military operations.

Isolation and identification of the causative agent usually takes at least 48 hours, and therefore the possibility of choosing a therapy decreases. Virological research in routine practice is rarely available due to the high cost of research. Therefore, it should be noted that there is immunoprophylaxis, in particular, of rotavirus infection. In the world, since 2006, vaccination has been introduced in more than 100 countries, which made it possible to significantly reduce the level of morbidity among children under 2 years of age. Two vaccines against rotavirus are registered in Ukraine. The first - is used in 2 doses at the age of 6 to 24 weeks, and the second - at the age of 6 to 32 weeks. Protection against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis is approximately 90-95%. But in our country, this vaccination is not yet included in the calendar of mandatory vaccinations. The authors give an example of a clinical case of a girl who was treated in the children's infectious disease department of the 1st Medical Center of Poltava in the summer of 2022.

Conclusion. Thus, acute intestinal infections in childhood are a complex pathological process. Treatment should be timely, complex and justified from the etiopathogenetic point of view.