bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ameloblastic carcinoma of the maxilla: A rare case presentation and a review of new cases
Authors: Sargolzaei Soudabeh , Khaleghjoo Arash , Taghavi Nasim
Published: October 2017

Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a relatively rare tumor which accounts for less than 4% of odontogenic tumors. The mandible is the preferred site and occurrence in the maxilla is extremely rare. Here, we report the case of a 40-year-old male with maxillary AC and present a review of the reported cases from 2009 to 2017 in English literature.
Management of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Using Biopesticides on Tomato Crop under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: El Hajj Abdel Kader , Rizk Helen , Gharib Mariam , Houssein Maysaa , Talj Vera , Taha Nour , Aleik Soha , Mousa Zinette
Published: October 2017

Tuta absoluta is the major insect invading tomato crop under greenhouse and open field conditions in Lebanon. Farmers mainly depend on chemical control to reduce damage caused by the larva. The hazard use of chemical agents can lead to resistance accumulation. The objective of this study is to investigate alternative agents like biopesticides to control this pest. Two field trials were conducted at the Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) for two years under greenhouse conditions. In 2014, the first trial was conducted in two greenhouses: 1-control greenhouse without insect proof net (CG); 2-double door Greenhouse with insect proof net (DDG). In 2015, the second trial was conducted only in control greenhouse.Four treatments and control (not treated plot) were adopted in both trials. The biopesticides used in this study were Neem azal and Bacillus thuringiensis. Results of the first trial showed that using insect proof net reduced the captured adults on the water trap as compared with control greenhouse and thus reducing the damaged caused by the larva of tomato leaf miner on leaves and fruits. The adopted treatments have shown significant differences in the number of mines/leaf, live larva/leaf and percent of damaged fruits in both trials compared to the control. Applying Bacillius thuringiensis and neem azal separately and mixing them together have shown a promising alternative method to chemical control.
Assessing Management of Nitrapyrin with Urea Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer on Corn Yield and Soil Nitrogen in a Poorly-Drained Claypan Soil
Authors: Habibullah H. , Nelson Kelly A. , Motavalli Peter P.
Published: October 2017

Use of nitrification inhibitors (NI) in agricultural production systems is considered a risk management strategy for both agricultural and environmental considerations. It can be utilized when risk of reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer use efficiency or yield, and risk of pollution from mineral N is high which can occur in poorly-drained soils that are vulnerable to waterlogging and runoff. Field research was conducted on corn (Zea mays L.) from 2012 to 2015 in Missouri, USA on a poorly-drained claypan soil. Treatments consisted of two application timings of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) fertilizer solution [pre-emergence (PRE) and V3 growth stage], two application rates (143 and 168 kg N ha-1) in the presence or absence of nitrapyrin, and a non-treated control. UAN at 143 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin at the V3 growth stage resulted in the highest yield (8.6 Mg ha-1). Similarly, pre-emergence application of UAN 168 kg ha-1 with nitrapyrin resulted in greater yields (7.7 Mg ha-1). UAN application rates and timings affected soil NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations more than the presence or absence of nitrapyrin during the growing season. A side-dress application of a lower rate of UAN with nitrapyrin at V3 was effective in poorly-drained soils when risk of N losses during the growing season due to unfavorable precipitation events and other environmental variables was high. A pre-emergence application of UAN with nitrapyrin was also effective and it may eliminate the need for split-application of N fertilizer later in the season thereby reducing the workload on growers during the growing season.
Initial Development and Tolerance of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Cultivars under Salt Stress
Authors: Sá Francisco V. da S. , Souto Lauter S. , Paiva Emanoela P. de , Araújo Erbia B. G. , Oliveira Fernanda A. de , Mesquita Evandro F. de , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Dantas Jussara S.
Published: October 2017

The objective was to evaluate growth and tolerance of bell pepper cultivars under salt stress in the seedling stage. The experiment was carried out in protected environment (greenhouse) at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology (CCTA) of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), located in the municipality of Pombal, Paraíba, from August to September 2014. Five bell pepper cultivars (C1 - Dulce All Big; C2 - All Big; C3 - Italiano Amarelo Gigante; C4 - Rubi Gigante; C5 - Casca Dura Ikeda) were evaluated at five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.6 (control); 1.2; 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1), arranged in 5 × 5 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with four replicates. Bell pepper cultivars were grown on trays for 20 days after sowing, period in which they were evaluated for emergence, growth, phytomass accumulation and tolerance index. The increase in irrigation water salinity reduced bell pepper emergence, growth and dry matter accumulation, and the cultivars C2 - All Big and C4 - Rubi Gigante were the most tolerant to salinity in the initial growth stage. Tolerance to salinity occurred in the following order: C2 - All Big > C4 - Rubi Gigante > C1 - Dulce All Big = C5 - Casca Dura Ikeda > C3 - Italiano Amarelo Gigante.
Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity
Authors: Menezes Renata V. , Azevedo Neto André D. , Gheyi Hans R. , Cova Alide M. W. , Silva Hewsley H. B.
Published: October 2017

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.
Helminth Parasites of Red Lionfish, Pterois volitans from the Veracruz Coral Reef System, Mexico, Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Montoya-Mendoza Jesús , Camarena-Luhrs Tomás , Castañeda-Chávez María del Refugio , Lango-Reynoso Fabiola
Published: October 2017

A helminthological survey was conducted on 78 red lionfish, Pterois volitans, collected in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP). Register: trematodes (5 spp.), cestodes (1), and nematodes (2). Prevalence per species < 30% and mean intensity < 6.0. Three new host records are reported herein. The red lionfish is infected by species of endoparasites generalist and played a role as accidental host.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Market Participation of Smallholder Bean Farmers in Nyanza District of Southern Province, Rwanda
Authors: Mbitsemunda Jean Pierre Kamanzi , Karangwa Antoine
Published: October 2017

Rwanda remains trading very low volume of beans inside the country and across borders thereby becoming unable to meet national and international demands. This is exacerbated by low market participation of bean growers. This study assessed factors that influence market participation and extent of participation among bean growers in Nyanza district. Probit model was used to analyze the factors influencing market participation among bean growers while the extent of market participation was analyzed using Tobit model. The probit results indicated that factors that positively and significantly influenced the probability of farmers to participate in output market were bean quantity produced, market experience, and access to credit while factors that negatively and significantly influenced market participation decisions included distance to nearest market, age and access to off-farm activities. Tobit results revealed that factors that were found to have positive statistical significant impact on the extent of market participation were bean quantity produced, marketing experience and selling price. Contrary to earlier expectation, land size was found to have negative significant impact on the quantity of bean marketed. This is possibly an indication that the increased household’s participation in output market is a function of farm productivity too.
A disciplinarização da produção textual escrita na Educação Básica brasileira: reflexos no trabalho docente
Authors: Dametto Fabiana Veloso de Melo , Carvalho Jeferson Luís , Côrrea Marcia Cristina
Published: October 2017

Muitas foram as intervenções governamentais com o objetivo de produzir/provocar transformações na Educação Básica brasileira. Este trabalho, no entanto, tem como objetivo refletir acerca de uma prática instaurada por iniciativa de escolas e a qual vem se consolidando de maneira silenciosa e a parte das prescrições oficiais. Trate-se da implantação de uma disciplina denominada Redação. Esse movimento é autônomo, mas não orgânico. A criação de uma disciplina implica pensarmos uma multiplicidade de aspectos envolvidos nesse processo. Para tanto, este trabalho tem como ponto de partida trocas de experiências vivenciadas por profissionais da Educação Básica. Por essa razão, a fala produzida aqui é de professores-pesquisadores dirigindo-se aos formadores de professores. Além disso, busca-se estabelecer, à luz do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo e da Ergonomia da atividade docente, uma articulação entre discurso científico e práticas docentes.
O ensino de gêneros orais nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa
Authors: Diel Tamires Regina , Gonçalves Ana Cecília Teixeira , Batista Jeize De Fátima
Published: October 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar qual é o espaço destinado aos Gêneros Orais nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Fundamental e de que forma são trabalhados. Com intuito de atingir esse objetivo, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida com três professoras de Língua Portuguesa das séries finais - 6º ao 9º ano - do Ensino Fundamental. Destaca-se que o trabalho fundamenta-se nos pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos do Interacionismo sociodiscursivo, sobretudo em Machado e Bronckart (2009). A partir da análise dos dados, averiguou-se que os Gêneros Orais não são tratados como objeto efetivo de ensino nas aulas de Língua Portuguesa.
A relevância da noção de perspectivação conceptual (construal ) no âmbito dos estudos do texto e do discurso: teoria e análise
Authors: Gonçalves-Segundo Paulo Roberto
Published: October 2017

Objetiva-se, neste artigo, por um lado, discutir teoricamente a noção de perspectivação conceptual e sua tipologia de operações e, por outro, mostrar sua aplicabilidade e pertinência para a análise de dados linguísticos orientados para o exame dos processos de produção e, especialmente, de interpretação do sentido no âmbito dos estudos discursivo-textuais. Para isso, expor-se-ão pressupostos teóricos das abordagens corporeadas de cognição e, posteriormente, noções fundamentais da Linguística Cognitiva relevantes para a textualidade, para somente então serem debatidas, com exemplificação analítica, variadas operações de perspectivação conceptual, como esquematização, metaforização, categorização, focalização, quadro de visualização, granularidade e proximização.
Psychosocial determinants of romantic inclination among Indian youth
Authors: Ganth D. Barani , Kadhiravan S.
Published: October 2017

The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding the psychosocial determinants of romantic inclination among youth in India. We involved 779 student participants from a large central university in south India in the age range of 18-24 years. The participants filled measures on romantic inclination, personality, attachment style, interpersonal attraction, and social influence on romantic relationship in addition to a questionnaire on demographic information and relationship history. Analysis of the data revealed that males showed higher level of romantic inclination than females. Those who had current/past involvement in a romantic relationship (Lovers) showed higher levels of romantic inclination than those who had never involved in a romantic relationship (Non-lovers). Parents’ type of marriage (Love/arranged), close fiends’ involvement in romantic relationship too had a discriminatory role in romantic inclination. Romantic inclination was significantly related to personality factors, attachment style, media and peer influences on romantic relationships and interpersonal attraction. Extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, media influence, peer influence, secure attachment and physical attraction emerged as significant predictors of romantic inclination in a regression model. Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) indicated that personality, attachment style and interpersonal attraction had a significant influence on romantic inclination mediated by both media and peer influences. Romantic inclination in turn significantly predicted romantic relationship status.
L’éthique de la reconnaissance comme posture d’intervention pour travailler avec les jeunes trans
Authors: Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Bellot Céline
Published: October 2017

Dans cet article, il est question des enjeux auxquels font face les jeunes trans et la contribution de l’éthique de la reconnaissance de Honneth à l’intervention auprès de cette population qui fait face à de nombreux dénis de reconnaissance. À partir de cette perspective d’analyse qui offre un espace pour la réflexion et l’action, l’article présente des pistes d’interventions qui permettent d’étayer les pratiques, en soutenir l’enfant et sa famille, mais également en impliquant les jeunes dans les changements sociaux et structuraux nécessaires à l’épanouissement des personnes de tous genres.
La reconnaissance comme fondement d’une éthique de la participation citoyenne des personnes en situation de handicap
Authors: Hudon Isabelle , Tremblay Mireille
Published: October 2017

Les résultats d’une recherche traitant de l’expérience de participation citoyenne de personnes en situation de handicap (PSH) ont mis en lumière l’importance de reconnaître d’abord leur statut de citoyen.ne.s à part entière, porteurs de droits. Cette reconnaissance est essentielle à leur engagement civique et à l’exercice effectif de leurs droits politiques. À partir de ce constat, et nous inspirant des travaux de Ricoeur et de Honneth, nous avons tenté de concevoir une éthique de la participation citoyenne fondée sur la reconnaissance, afin d’inspirer les différents groupes d’acteurs concernés par l’inclusion sociale et le développement des compétences civiques des PSH.
Ilustración y género. Los modelos de masculinidad presentes en la asignatura de Hª de España.
Authors: Rausell Guillot Helena
Published: October 2017

En este trabajo presentamos el estudio de algunos de los materiales curriculares que se utilizan para la enseñanza de la Historia de España en segundo de bachillerato. Lo hacemos a través del análisis de un tema en concreto, el de la Ilustración, intentando identificar la presencia en ellos de determinados estereotipos masculinos (el pensador, el escritor, el científico, el explorador…). Tratamos de incorporar algunas de las contribuciones más recientes de historia del género, centradas en el estudio de la masculinidad. Hemos querido, igualmente, detenernos en la tipología, el tratamiento y la condición otorgada a las imágenes, además de estudiar la tipología y relevancia de las actividades propuestas para el estudio del movimiento ilustrado.
Formación del profesor de primaria en educación para la salud
Authors: Charro-Huerga Esther , Charro Elena
Published: October 2017

La Educación para la Salud (EpS) es la materia que fomenta la vida sana en las escuelas, y que ha de ser incorporada por los docentes. Dada la importancia que tiene la salud en nuestra sociedad, se espera que los profesores estén debidamente preparados, pero desafortunadamente, hoy en día la asignatura de EpS es la mayoría de las veces una materia optativa o inexistente en los planes de estudio del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria en las universidades españolas. En este trabajo, tras un análisis de la situación actual en relación a la Salud y su educación, se propone que la asignatura de EpS sea considerada un pilar necesario para adquirir las competencias por los profesores en formación.
Subterranean mammals show convergent regression in ocular genes and enhancers, along with adaptation to tunneling
Authors: Partha Raghavendran , Chauhan Bharesh K , Ferreira Zelia , Robinson Joseph D , Lathrop Kira , Nischal Ken K , Chikina Maria , Clark Nathan L
Published: October 2017

The underground environment imposes unique demands on life that have led subterranean species to evolve specialized traits, many of which evolved convergently. We studied convergence in evolutionary rate in subterranean mammals in order to associate phenotypic evolution with specific genetic regions. We identified a strong excess of vision- and skin-related genes that changed at accelerated rates in the subterranean environment due to relaxed constraint and adaptive evolution. We also demonstrate that ocular-specific transcriptional enhancers were convergently accelerated, whereas enhancers active outside the eye were not. Furthermore, several uncharacterized genes and regulatory sequences demonstrated convergence and thus constitute novel candidate sequences for congenital ocular disorders. The strong evidence of convergence in these species indicates that evolution in this environment is recurrent and predictable and can be used to gain insights into phenotype–genotype relationships.
Quantifying the contribution of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to febrile illness amongst African children
Authors: Dalrymple Ursula , Cameron Ewan , Bhatt Samir , Weiss Daniel J , Gupta Sunetra , Gething Peter W
Published: October 2017

Suspected malaria cases in Africa increasingly receive a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) before antimalarials are prescribed. While this ensures efficient use of resources to clear parasites, the underlying cause of the individual’s fever remains unknown due to potential coinfection with a non-malarial febrile illness. Widespread use of RDTs does not necessarily prevent over-estimation of clinical malaria cases or sub-optimal case management of febrile patients. We present a new approach that allows inference of the spatiotemporal prevalence of both Plasmodium falciparum malaria-attributable and non-malarial fever in sub-Saharan African children from 2006 to 2014. We estimate that 35.7% of all self-reported fevers were accompanied by a malaria infection in 2014, but that only 28.0% of those (10.0% of all fevers) were causally attributable to malaria. Most fevers among malaria-positive children are therefore caused by non-malaria illnesses. This refined understanding can help improve interpretation of the burden of febrile illness and shape policy on fever case management.
Structure-based nuclear import mechanism of histones H3 and H4 mediated by Kap123
Authors: An Sojin , Yoon Jungmin , Kim Hanseong , Song Ji-Joon , Cho Uhn-soo
Published: October 2017

Kap123, a major karyopherin protein of budding yeast, recognizes the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) of cytoplasmic histones H3 and H4 and translocates them into the nucleus during DNA replication. Mechanistic questions include H3- and H4-NLS redundancy toward Kap123 and the role of the conserved diacetylation of cytoplasmic H4 (K5ac and K12ac) in Kap123-mediated histone nuclear translocation. Here, we report crystal structures of full-length Kluyveromyces lactis Kap123 alone and in complex with H3- and H4-NLSs. Structures reveal the unique feature of Kap123 that possesses two discrete lysine-binding pockets for NLS recognition. Structural comparison illustrates that H3- and H4-NLSs share at least one of two lysine-binding pockets, suggesting that H3- and H4-NLSs are mutually exclusive. Additionally, acetylation of key lysine residues at NLS, particularly H4-NLS diacetylation, weakens the interaction with Kap123. These data support that cytoplasmic histone H4 diacetylation weakens the Kap123-H4-NLS interaction thereby facilitating histone Kap123-H3-dependent H3:H4/Asf1 complex nuclear translocation.
Integrating User eXperience practices into software development processes: implications of the UX characteristics
Authors: Kashfi Pariya , Nilsson Agneta , Feldt Robert
Published: October 2017

User eXperience (UX) is a key factor in the success of software systems. Many software companies face challenges in their work with UX. Existing research does not analyze UX practices and challenges in relation to other software quality characteristics or, in particular, in relation to usability. A better understanding of these challenges can help researchers and practitioners better address them in the future. In this empirical study, we have interviewed 17 practitioners with different backgrounds and occupations from eight software development companies. Their responses are coded, and analyzed with thematic analysis. We report eight themes of challenges that practitioners face in their work with UX. While some of these challenges partly overlap with those reported in existing literature about usability or other software quality characteristics, the participants of our study either view many of the challenges as unique to UX, or more severe in the case of UX. Although at a superficial level challenges of UX and other quality characteristics overlap, we differentiate these challenges at a deeper level through the five main characteristics of UX:subjective,holistic,dynamic,context-dependentandworthwhile. In particular, we identified that these characteristics have at least 20 implications (i.e. additional difficulties) for day-to-day work of practitioners. We found that 11 of these implications have been previously reported in literature. However, to the best of our knowledge, the remaining nine implications are unique to our study. These implications can explain why practitioners perceive the challenges to be more severe than for other quality characteristics. Most importantly, they can explain the industry’s lopsided focus on the pragmatic aspect of UX. Our findings can be useful for researchers in identifying new and industry-relevant research areas and for practitioners to learn from empirically investigated challenges in UX work, and base their improvement efforts on such knowledge. Identifying and investigating the overlaps underlines the importance of these challenges, and can also help finding research areas not only for enhancing UX work but also software quality in general. It also makes it easier for practitioners to spot, better understand as well as find mitigation strategies for UX, through learning from past experiences and developments in the area of software quality.
Are suggestions from coupled file changes useful for perfective maintenance tasks?
Authors: Ramadani Jasmin , Wagner Stefan
Published: October 2017

Background

Software maintenance is an important activity in the development process where maintenance team members leave and new members join over time. The identification of files which are changed together frequently has been proposed several times. Yet, existing studies about coupled file changes ignore the feedback from developers as well as the impact of these changes on the performance of maintenance and rather these studies rely on the analysis findings and expert evaluation.

Methods

We investigate the usefulness of coupled file changes during perfective maintenance tasks when developers are inexperienced in programming or when they were new on the project. Using data mining on software repositories we identify files that are changed most frequently together in the past. We extract coupled file changes from the Git repository of a Java software system and join them with corresponding attributes from the versioning and issue tracking system and the project documentation. We present a controlled experiment involving 36 student participants in which we investigate if coupled file change suggestions influence the correctness of the task solutions and the required time to complete them.

Results

The results show that the use of coupled file change suggestions significantly increases the correctness of the solutions. However, there is only a minor effect on the time required to complete the perfective maintenance tasks. We also derived a set of the most useful attributes based on the developers’ feedback.

Discussion

Coupled file changes and a limited number of the proposed attributes are useful for inexperienced developers working on perfective maintenance tasks where although the developers using these suggestions solved more tasks, they still need time to understand and organize this information.
J. Dreyfus, S. Humphrey, A. Mahboob y J. R. Martin: Genre Pedagogy in Higher Education. The SLATE Project
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Flores Laura
Published: October 2017

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Hemispheric Outflow Reconstruction With Autologous Umbilical Vein in Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Yoshida Nao , Yamazaki Shintaro , Takayama Tadatoshi , Higaki Tokio , Makuuchi Masatoshi
Published: October 2017

A 44-year-old man with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The donor was his identical twin elder brother. On computed tomography, the markedly dilated umbilical vein was observed as a hepatofugal collateral. An extended left liver graft with the caudate lobe was harvested in a conventional manner. One orifice outflow reconstruction was performed by using an umbilical vein, which was extracted from the recipient. This vein-flap sheet was sutured to the outflow orifice of the liver graft in a two-thirds circle on the ventral side. One wide outflow orifice with a 90-mm vein umbilical-vein flap on the ventral wall of outflow was created. Excellent triphasic waveforms and velocities were demonstrated on postoperative Doppler ultrasonography. The post-transplant course was uneventful, with no need for immunosuppressants, and the patient was discharged without any complications on postoperative day 27. The volume of left liver increased from 406 cm3 to 1372 cm3 during the first 6 weeks after transplantation.
Researchers Are Exploring the Role of Shingles—and a Protective Role of Shingles Vaccine—in Dementia
Authors: Rubin Rita
Published: October 2024

This Medical News article discusses the latest research linking shingles and other infections to a higher risk of dementia and the vaccines against them to a lower risk.
How Health and Technology Sectors Can Collaborate on Better AI-Assisted Wearables
Authors: Perlis Roy
Published: October 2024

This Medical News story is an interview with Tanzeem Choudhury, PhD, the chair in Integrated Health and Technology at Cornell Tech, about key lessons from the early development of wearable technology and how AI stands to continue innovations.
Advancements in the application of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for overweight and obese populations
Authors: Fu Tingshuai , Xiao Mingzhong , Ding Jiajia , Lu Chenxia , Wang Peiran , Yang Jingjing , Zhang Qing
Published: October 2024

Objective

To evaluate the advancements in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) among overweight or obese patients.

Methods

Reviewed the recent studies on clinical trials of CPET in overweight and obese patients, thought about the CPET advantage in obesity, while CPET equipment use for elucidating the principles underlying obesity and using CPET kinematic scheme to explore fat metabolism.

Results

The exercise program developed by CPET is scientific, sustainable and advantageous. With this trial, we can develop a relatively effective, fast and measurable amount of exercise, on the basis of the exercise test in obese people, CPET can provide scientific and digital motion reducing weight for overweight patients. At the same time, the trial has become widely applied in research into drug and surgical treatments for overweight patients. It is possible to quantify the efficacy of a trial and ultimately assess the merits of CPET.

Conclusion

CPET is considered as a fundamental criterion for designing motion schemes. Despite limitations of equipment errors and patient endurance, the benefits of CPET in program formulation have been gradually recognized, which made it a promising tool in the field of obesity management.
Enhanced Myogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells via Integration of 3D Bioprinting and In Situ Shear‐Based Blade Coating
Authors: Kim WonJin , Hwangbo Hanjun , Heo GaEun , Ryu Dongryeol , Kim GeunHyung
Published: October 2024

Conventional treatments for volumetric muscle loss (VML) encounter limitations, such as donor site constraints and exploration of tissue engineering methods. Here, the fabrication of human adipose stem cell (hASC)‐laden cell constructs are proposed using a 3D bioprinting technique supported by blade casting. This process induces mechanotransduction to activate stem cell activities, including proliferation and myogenic differentiation. The printing conditions are optimized by assessing the effects of various process parameters on mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Notably, blade‐assisted bioprinting under carefully selected parameters enhanced the in vitro myogenic activity of the fabricated hASC constructs. Moreover, in vivo evaluation in mice with VML defects demonstrate that shear‐induced bioconstructs effectively restored lost functionalities and muscle volume compared to those of normally bioprinted cell constructs. The results show the potential of integrating bioprinting with hASC‐based therapies to enhance muscle regeneration and functional recovery, offering a meaningful platform for future tissue engineering approaches for VML treatment.
Biomass‐Derived Carbon Materials for Smart Electronics: Insights from Wood Pitch‐based Microsupercapacitors
Authors: Tan Ningning , Zhao Lan , Weng Yaohang , Li Haijun , Huang Biao , You Xinda , Lu Beili , Liu Hanyang , Lv Jianhua , Tang Lirong
Published: October 2024

Wood pitch, derived from dry distillation of wood, is a promising carbon electrode material. A novel strategy is presented for fabricating honeycomb‐like porous carbon nanosheets using a template‐free approach. Wood pitch is pre‐treated with H₂O₂ to introduce oxygen‐containing functional groups selectively at the edges of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, enhancing hydrophilicity and reactivity. Adding rosin groups to the oxidized wood pitch molecules helps to regulate intermolecular spacing and prevent excessive aggregation, facilitating subsequent KOH intercalation activation and the formation of a porous structure. The resulting rosin‐modified wood pitch‐based carbon material (RWPC‐0.2) features a high specific surface area (3521.5 m2 g−1). With a current density of 1 A g−1, the device has a specific capacitance of 376 F g−1. After 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1, it still has 83.8% of its initial specific capacitance. Using direct ink writing (DIW) technology in combination with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate/RWPC‐0.2 (PEDOT: PSS/RWPC‐0.2) as the electrode ink, microelectrodes are fabricated and microsupercapacitors are constructed with high areal capacitance (460 mF cm−2), excellent rate performance, and good cycling stability. This study offers new insights for developing printed micro‐energy storage devices based on wood pitch‐derived carbon materials and opens new possibilities for the application of biomass materials in smart electronics.
Efficient Deep‐Blue (465 nm) Perovskite Quantum Dot‐Based Light‐Emitting Diodes via Triphenylamine Derivative Tailored Hole Transport Engineering
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Nong Yingyi , Yao Jisong , Xu Leimeng , Yang Zhi , Wang Shalong , Song Jizhong
Published: October 2024

Metal halide perovskite quantum dot‐based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) have garnered considerable attention for realizing wide color gamut displays. Despite the breakthrough achieved in sky‐blue perovskite QLEDs, it is still challenging to realize efficient Rec. 2020‐blue perovskite QLEDs. Herein, a triphenylamine derivative‐tailored hole transport layer (HTL) strategy is proposed for improving hole injection in deep‐blue perovskite QLEDs. The hole mobility of the tailored HTL (T‐HTL) is enhanced by ≈3.5 times compared to the pristine HTL (P‐HTL) by mixing the 4,4′‐cyclohexylidenebis [N, N‐bis(p‐tolyl) aniline] (TAPC) into poly [bis(4‐phenyl) (4‐butylphenyl) amine] (Poly‐TPD), and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of T‐HTL is shifted down by 0.11 eV compared to P‐HTL, facilitating hole injection into the emitting layer. The resulting deep‐blue perovskite QLEDs exhibit an external quantum efficiency of 11.0% at 465 nm, meeting the Rec. 2020 standard and representing the state‐of‐the‐art deep‐blue perovskite QLEDs. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced hole transport capacity of the T‐HTL is attributed to the intermolecular π–π stacking between TAPC and Poly‐TPD. Other triphenylamine derivatives can also tailor the hole transport capacity and improve device performance, which demonstrates the universality of the proposed strategy.
Photothermal‐Mediated In Situ Delivery of Polycations Into Bacteria via Alternating Polymer‐Modified Nanoparticles for Targeted Bacterial Killing and Enhanced Biofilm Penetration
Authors: Cai Shilong , Hao You , Wang Xiao , Hu Yongjin , Zhao Jinghua , Amier Yirixiatijiang , Zhang Jingyan , Zhu Zhiyuan , Rao Jingyi
Published: October 2024

To achieve targeted clearance of bacteria and their biofilms, a straightforward strategy to integrate antimicrobial alternating polymers with photothermal polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) is proposed. By manipulating the alternating distribution of electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding units in the polymer backbone, the thermal stability of polymer‐particle interaction can be tuned, enabling photothermal‐mediated in situ delivery of cationic antimicrobial polymers into bacteria. The alternating polymer coating significantly enhances the penetration capability of NPs into the Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm, achieving a 99% bactericidal rate within the biofilm at a low concentration after 10 min of near‐infrared irradiation, whereas pristine PDA NPs shows negligible effects. The in‐vitro co‐culture model demonstrates that alternating‐polymer‐loaded NPs selectively eradicate 1 × 107 CFU mL−1 of MRSA and E. coli while preserving over 75% viability of the mammalian cells, including mice fibroblasts, human kidney cells, human cervical cancer cells, and macrophages. The efficacy of these biocompatible NPs in targeting bacteria is further validated in a mouse MRSA‐infected wound model. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing safe and efficient antimicrobial therapies with targeted bacterial killing and minimal off‐target effects based on alternating cationic polymers.
Br‐Induced d‐Band Regulation on Superhydrophilic Isostructural Cobalt Phosphide for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Ren Kai , Xu Wen‐Juan , Li Kai , Cao Jun‐Ming , Gu Zhen‐Yi , Liu Dai‐Huo , Dai Dong‐Mei , Li Wen‐Liang , Wu Xing‐Long
Published: October 2024

Highly efficient novel electrocatalysts for hydrogen/oxygen production are urgently required, for noble metal‐based catalysts substitution. Cobalt phosphides have shown great potential for serving as bifunctional catalysts, owing to the cost effectiveness and high conductivity. However, the water splitting ability of them is still not comparative with commercial noble counterparts. In this work, we reported a Br‐induced strategy, to obtain an ultra‐hydrophilic isostructural Br0.036─Co1.085P@NF catalyst by a gas‐solid reaction method. As a typical halogen element, the introduction of Br can greatly enhance the surficial hydrophilicity and thus further impart ideal adsorption ability for water molecules. Meanwhile, the electronic structure could be regulated to further induce the generation of isostructural cobalt phosphides (CoP/Co2P). As a result, the contact angle of Br0.036─Co1.085P@NF catalysts nearly cannot be caught owing to the ultra‐hydrophilicity. It is also confirmed that, the d‐band center of Co shows apparent negative shift after Br introduction, which reduces the adsorption energy of oxygen‐containing intermediates thereby facilitating the desorption process. Besides, the introduction of Br can also reduce the barrier of O2 formation, show more favorable dynamic behaviors. This work proved the accessibility for an effective design strategy on halogen‐induced isostructural transition metal phosphides catalysts for high‐performance overall water splitting.
All‐Polymer Organic Electrochemical Synaptic Transistor With Controlled Ionic Dynamics for High‐Performance Wearable and Sustainable Reservoir Computing
Authors: He Yifei , Ge Zhaolin , Li Zhiyang , Li Zhaoxian , Liu Riping , Zhang Limei , Lan Liuyuan , Yue Wan , Xie Zhuang
Published: October 2024

Wearable near/in‐sensor neuromorphic computing is driving next‐generation human‐artificial intelligence (AI) interface, the Internet of Things, and intelligent robots, with reservoir computing (RC) playing a pivotal role in advancing AI hardware, yet its potential remains underexplored. Herein, an all‐polymer accumulation‐mode organic electrochemical synaptic transistor (OEST) is demonstrated with controlled ionic dynamics that can facilitate high‐performance wearable RC while allowing entire recyclability. A microporous glycolated conjugated polymer channel (P3gCPDT‐1gT2) affords current output above mA level at <1 V and enables both volatile and non‐volatile modes in combination with soft poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/sorbitol electrodes and electrolytes (gelatin/glycerol). Particularly, modulation of the volatile OESTs as nonlinear dynamic reservoirs are elucidated by tuning ionic dynamics with applied voltages and gel compositions. Moreover, such an all‐polymer device exhibits synaptic performance preservation over >3000 bending cycles and allows convenient recyclability using eco‐friendly solvents. A wearable and sustainable RC system can be thus established by configuring the volatile units for data processing and the nonvolatile units as the weight storage in a single‐layer perceptron readout. Such a simple platform achieves up to 90% accuracy in voice recognition tasks under bending. Thus, this work facilitates the widespread integration of multifunctional organic electronic hardware for implementing intelligent information processing with low‐cost, body‐conformable, and eco‐benign features.
Synergetic Effect of Heterojunction and Sulfur Vacancy on ZnIn2S4/CeO2 to Enhance the Photocatalytic Performance of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran
Authors: Wang Yue , Liu Huai , Lv Tianping , Jia Wenlong , Zhang Rui , Peng Lincai , Zhang Junhua
Published: October 2024

The efficient separation of photocarriers and facile generation of superoxide radicals are crucial for enhancing the performance of photocatalysts in the selectively photo‐oxidizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Herein, a ZnIn2S4/CeO2 composite with S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies (SV) is successfully developed through a one‐step hydrothermal method. The optimal catalyst (SV‐ZnIn2S4/CeO2) exhibits excellent catalytic activity with 100% conversion of HMF and 96.1% selectivity of DFF in 80 min under ambient conditions, the production rate of DFF is up to 952.6 µmol g−1 h−1. Intriguingly, the performance remains significant even when the concentration of HMF is increased from 8 to 100 mм. Experimental and theoretical investigations discover that the synergistic effect of S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies contribute to the separation of photocarriers and the activation of oxygen, which facilitate the generation of superoxide radicals, thus boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions.
Hollow Nanobox‐Shaped Cu2‐xS@ZnxCd1‐xS Heterojunction by Light Multireflection with Z‐Scheme Mechanism for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Wang Lihui , Xiao Han , Yang Lei , Li Jiaxing , Zi Jiangzhi , Lian Zichao
Published: October 2024

Achieving efficient spatial photoinduced charge separation and light utilization for improving the high photocatalytic activity is still a major obstacle. Here, a Cu2‐xS@ZnxCd1‐xS (Cu2‐xS@ZnCdS) heterojunction is reported featuring a distinctive core–shell hollow nanobox structure. The Cu2‐xS@ZnxCd1‐xS exhibits high photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the rate of 8175 µmol∙g−1∙h−1 under visible light irradiation, outperforming pristine ZnCdS nanoparticles and Cu2‐xS hollow nanoboxes. The remarkable activity and outstanding stability of Cu2‐x@ZnCdS are attributed to the development of robust interfacial electric fields, and improved light multireflection absorption efficiency as well as the Z‐scheme mechanism. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements gave the direct evidence of the formation of the Z‐scheme, which maintained the high redox potentials of each ZnCdS and Cu2‐xS. This study gives the guideline for the design of heterojunction with the Z‐scheme mechanism, leading to the high photocatalytic performance and remarkable stability.
Hybrid Nanoalloy‐Cluster‐Single Atom Sites Based Aerophilic Carbon Fiber Membranes as Binder‐Free Cathodes for Ultra‐Long‐Life Zn‐air Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jian , Li Zesheng , Shao Jingze , Xia Yu , Jiao Chuanlai , Chen Shaoqing , Li Guangshe , Zhu Yingcai , Chen Shi , Chen Rouxi , Xu Zian , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: October 2024

High‐efficient and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) are desirable to Zn‐air batteries (ZABs). However, most of catalysts in powder form with sole active sites remain challenging in achieving the satisfactory bifunctional catalysis and suffer from peeling off during the long‐term operation. Herein, hybrid CoFe active sites are constructed containing nanoalloys (≈10 nm), clusters (< 2 nm), and single atoms on aerophilic carbon fiber membranes as binder‐free air cathodes for ultra‐long‐life ZABs. In particular, the high air‐permeability of membranes (0.2 s) can prevent the active sites from blocking by O2 bubbles and promote the mass transfer. The theoretical and experimental results confirm that the hydrophilic CoFe2O4/CoFeOOH sites reconstructed on the surface of CoFe nanoalloys are mainly responsible for OER. While for single atoms and clusters on nitrogen (N)‐doped carbon matrix, they play a synergetic role in optimizing the adsorption energy to enhance ORR activity. Thus, the as‐prepared catalysts exhibit an ultra‐low ORR/OER potential gap (0.64 V). When further assembled as freestanding air‐electrodes, it exhibits an outstanding cycling lifespan of 1200 and 155 h in liquid‐ and quasi‐solid‐state ZABs respectively, which are fivefold and twofold higher than those of powder‐based cathodes (240/67 h).
Cross‐Scale Interface Engineering for Fabricating Super‐Strong and Super‐Tough Aramid nanofiber film
Authors: Jin Jiongke , Wu Xun‐En , Wang Yida , Liang Huarun , Zou Mei , Niu Jiali , Zhang Yingying
Published: October 2024

Poly (p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), known for its exceptional mechanical properties under the brand name Kevlar, finds extensive use in high‐performance applications despite the challenges it presents in processing and integration with other materials. Existing top–down methods for preparing PPTA composites result in significantly reduced strength (<200 MPa) and toughness (<10 MJ·m−3) due to insufficient interfacial interactions, limiting their application. Here, a cross‐scale interface engineering strategy is reported for fabricating super‐strong and super‐tough PPTA composite films. At the microscale, a synergistic crosslinking strategy of physical entanglement and hydrogen bonding to crosslink PPTA nanofibers is employed. At the macroscale, the network using a cyclic freeze–thaw and the stretch‐drying method is reinforced. The PPTA nanofiber composite film is super‐strong (854.6 MPa), super‐tough (106.2 MJ·m−3), and has a high‐temperature resistance (300 °C). Moreover, the bottom–up approach enables the direct synthesis of PPTA nanofibers, significantly reducing the preparation time from 7 days to 0.5 h. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the composite film can be integrated into a robust and intelligent sensing‐display device that responds to external mechanical and heat injuries for firefighter's protection. This work provides an efficient strategy for fabricating high‐performance PPTA composites, paving the way for their practical use as durable protective materials.
Eradication of Large Tumors by Nanoscale Drug Self‐Assembly
Authors: Su Qianyi , Wang Zhenyu , Zhou Huimin , Zhang Miaomiao , Deng Wenjia , Wei Xin , Xiao Jisheng , Duan Xiaopin
Published: October 2024

Most patients with cancer are first diagnosed at an advanced disease stage, when tumors are already large and/or metastases are present. This circumstance has a negative impact on the prognosis and therapeutic effect of anticancer drugs. In this study, it is demonstrated that photosensitizer chlorin e6 and the photochemotherapy drug mitoxantrone self‐assemble into relatively stable nanoassemblies (CM NAs) through hydrogen‐bonding effect, π–π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions. Administration of CM NAs in combination with 660 nm laser irradiation shows chemotherapeutic, photothermal, and photodynamic effects, causing tumor cell apoptosis and pyroptosis and enabling noninvasive tumor ablation without compromising the surrounding normal tissue. More importantly, treatment with CM NAs increases tumor immunogenicity, leading to a strong and long‐term antitumor immune response that eradicates large tumors and provides long‐term protection against tumor recurrence on various tumor models.