bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ichnological study of the Palaeogene sedimentary succession of Botsa, Kohima District, Nagaland, India
Authors: Ozukum Aienla , Srivastava S. K. , Desai Bhawanisingh
Published: May 2022

The Palaeogene sedimentary succession of the Inner Fold Belt, exposed in Botsa, Kohima District of Nagaland, contains a rich ichnofossil assemblage, with trace fossils being common in the lower part. The present investigation was aimed at establishing the palaeoenvironmental conditions of the Palaeogene sedimentary rocks of the study area. Based on the various parameters, two lithofacies; siltstone‐sandstone and mudstone facies have been identified. The trace fossils recorded comprise 10 ichnogenera representing 12 ichnospecies namely, Chondrites intricatus, Diplocraterion isp., Lockeia siliquaria, Monocraterion isp., Nereites isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites beverleyensis, Scolicia plana, Scolicia prisca, Skolithos verticalis, Thalassinoides horizontalis and Thalassinoides suevicus. Based on integrated lithofacies and trace fossils analysis, an upper shoreface to offshore transition shallow marine palaeoenvironment with fluctuating energy conditions is envisaged for the Palaeogene sedimentary rocks of the study area.
Use of antibiotics in women undergoing correction of an obstetric anal sphincter injury: Results from a national Israeli survey
Authors: Barg Moshe , Rotem Reut , Weintraub Adi Y. , Grisaru‐Granovsky Sorina , Michaelson‐Cohen Rachel , Rottenstreich Misgav
Published: May 2022

Objective

Obstetric anal sphincter injures (OASIS) have long‐term implications on women's health. Administration of antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment following OASIS repair is controversial. We conducted a national survey to provide data about practice routines regarding antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment following OASIS repair in Israeli labor and delivery units.

Methods

A national survey was performed among obstetricians and gynecologists from 24 university‐affiliated delivery centers within the jurisdiction of the Israeli Ministry of Health during 2020. Representatives from each center completed the “Google form” electronic survey. For each questionnaire item, the most common answer was chosen to represent the center's answer.

Results

The number of physicians who responded per center varied from 1 to 14 (median, 3.5). Preoperative and postoperative antibiotic treatment was given in 75% and 92% of the centers, respectively. While most centers (58.3%) recommend pelvic floor physical therapy on release, recommendations about functional radiologic tests vary. In all centers, there is a designated clinic for postpartum follow‐up of OASIS. Most centers (83%) allow trial of vaginal delivery in the subsequent pregnancy, on an individual basis.

Conclusion

Heterogeneity exists in managing OASIS in Israel, particularly regarding administration of antibiotics. Further studies are needed to examine the consequences of different management protocols.
Out of sight, out of mind: Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship initiative to reduce fluoroquinolone utilization
Authors: Black Blade , Beadle Kathy , Harding Stephanie J
Published: May 2022

Introduction

In June 2017, the antimicrobial stewardship team at Wesley Healthcare implemented a combination of strategies aimed at reducing fluoroquinolone usage. The components included suppression of fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Enterobacterales isolates, removal of fluoroquinolones as first‐line options in order sets, and introduction of a respiratory‐specific antibiogram.

Objectives

The objective was to evaluate the impact of combined stewardship strategies on fluoroquinolone utilization.

Methods

This was a quality improvement study evaluating fluoroquinolone use within a health‐care system. The primary outcome was ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin usage in days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 inpatient days collected at monthly intervals for 24 months before and after the intervention. Overall antibacterial usage in DOT served as a control variable. The secondary outcomes were Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility to ciprofloxacin measured at the same time points. An interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression was performed for all variables.

Results

The mean monthly levofloxacin usage was reduced from 14.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7‐15.4) to 8.4 (95% CI, 7.6‐9.3) DOT. The mean monthly ciprofloxacin usage was reduced from 26.9 (95% CI, 24.6‐29.4) to 15.8 (95% CI, 14.0‐17.5) DOT. The trend in levofloxacin usage was reduced (P = .035), while a pre‐existing downward trend in ciprofloxacin usage was unchanged (P = .430). Overall antibacterial usage increased (P = .001). There were no differences in Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibilities observed.

Conclusion

The use of combined antimicrobial stewardship strategies may be a viable intervention method to reduce fluoroquinolone usage. The combined strategy was effective in reducing levofloxacin usage, as demonstrated by the reduction of use and the downward usage trend.
Clinical value of serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 expression level combined with pulmonary ultrasound score in the prognosis of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Hong Haiyan , Fu Binbin , Wang Renyuan
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To explore the value of the expression of serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 combined with lung ultrasound score (LUS) in the prognosis of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Patients and methods

This study involved 148 neonatal ARDS cases from January 2018 to October 2021, of which 77 children were discharged from hospital and 31 died. The children with ARDS were classified according to disease severity based on X‐ray examination as mild (n = 69 cases) and severe (n = 39 cases). The expression of serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 was detected by real‐time fluorescence quantitative PCR and the LUS score was recorded. The data were subjected to ROC curve analysis and Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

The expression of serum miR‐92, miR‐122, and LUS score in the patients that died were significantly higher than in those who survived (p < 0.05). These indicators were also significantly higher in the severe disease group compared to the mild disease group (p < 0.05). ROC curve showed that serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 combined with the LUS score had the largest area under the curve (0.920, 95% CI: 0.860–0.977) for predicting death, with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% and 87.0%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 were positively correlated with the LUS score (all p < 0.01).

Conclusions

The increased expression of serum miR‐92 and miR‐122 is related to the severity and prognosis of children with ARDS, combined with the LUS score are of value to predict the prognosis of children with ARDS.
Dental education and prison health: A scoping review
Authors: Wickramasinghe Danushi , Gray Ruth , Plugge Emma
Published: May 2022

Introduction

There is a huge oral disease burden among imprisoned people. Comprehensive guidelines are available on prison dentistry. Prison dental education is important to increase the quality and quantity of the dental workforce in prisons. It improves student perceptions about imprisoned people and gives students a sense of social responsibility and accountability.

Objectives

The aim of the scoping review was to determine what is known in the literature about teaching pre‐doctoral dental students about prison health.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on seven databases accessed through the Public Health England knowledge and library services. These databases were AMED, Embase, Emcare, Medline, Social Care Institute for Excellence, Web of Science, and Social Care Online. Appraisal of quality was done for included studies.

Results

Eleven papers were included in the review, all of which are based in the USA. Two articles looked at dental students as one group engaged in prison health education while five considered imprisoned people as one of the vulnerable populations focused on dental education. Only four articles solely looked at prison dental education. Program design with a collaborative approach between prisons and teaching institutions, and the positive impact of prison health education on dental students emerged as important.

Conclusion

The evidence suggests prison dental education to be important in reducing the high burden of oral diseases among the incarcerated by influencing the present and future prison dental workforce. It also improves students’ understanding of social determinants of health. Further studies are needed to determine the most effective teaching methods and models.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody prevalence in adult patients with short bowel syndrome—A German multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Blüthner Elisabeth , Pape Ulrich‐Frank , Blumenstein Irina , Wichmann Jeanette , Tacke Frank , Moosburner Simon
Published: May 2022

Background

Not all patients suffer from a severe course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, demanding a definition of groups at risk. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) has been assumed to be a risk factor, because of the complexity of disease, the need for interdisciplinary care, and frequent contact with caretakers. We aimed to establish data on the course of infection and prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity in SBS patients in Germany.

Methods

From January 2021 until January 2022 a total of 119 patients from three different tertiary care centers with SBS were included. All patients received an antibody test against the nucleocapsid (N) antigen and were asked to fill out a questionnaire, which included frequency of contact with medical personnel, risk behavior and worries.

Results

Sixty‐seven percent of SBS patients received parenteral nutrition with a median of 6 days per week. The seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies was 7.6% (n = 9). Seven patients with positive antibodies had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with a mild course. None of the patients were hospitalized or needed further treatment. There was no difference in willingness to take risks in SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody–positive and –negative patients (P = 0.61). Patients were predominantly worried about the economy (61%) and transmitting COVID‐19 (52%), less frequent (26%) about receiving insufficient medical treatment.

Conclusion

These are the first clinical results concerning SARS‐CoV‐2 seropositivity and COVID‐19 disease in patients with SBS. The seropositivity is comparable to national data, which we attribute to increased risk awareness and avoidance. Further studies are warranted to investigate effects of COVID‐19 infection in SBS patients.
A modified Delphi consensus on generic indicators for a low‐ and middle‐income country’s quality nursing care measurement
Authors: Nwodoh Chijioke O. , Okoronkwo Ijeoma L. , Anarado Agnes N. , Nwaneri Ada C. , Chinweuba Anthonia U. , Ndubuisi Ifeoma , Iheanacho Peace , Ubochi Nneka , Ekechukwu Echezona Nelson D.
Published: May 2022

Aim

This study aimed to develop generic quality nursing care indicators for a low‐ and middle‐income country’s quality nursing care measurement through a modified Delphi consensus.

Design

A three‐round modified Delphi process guided the items' development and acceptance consensus.

Methods

Twenty‐four academic and clinical nursing experts from different parts of Nigeria participated in the Delphi rounds. In the first round, 96 items (structure – 31, process – 38, and outcome – 27) were distributed to the panellists through e‐mail. The same method guided round 2. In round 3, the panellists reached a consensus on the number and structure of the items.

Results

In round 1, the initial items were reduced to 75 that met the Delphi consensus. In round 2, the items were modified further and reduced to 74. In round 3, the experts reached a consensus on 70 items (structure – 28, process – 32, and outcome – 10).
How I approach the use of bibliotherapy in caring for children with oncologic and hematologic conditions
Authors: Weaver Meaghann S. , Pennarola Brian W. , Fry Abigail , Wiener Lori
Published: May 2022

Bibliotherapy utilizes storybook readings to foster expressive therapy for children. Storybooks represent a readily available yet underutilized support tool in pediatric hematology and oncology care settings. Storybooks can help explain a new diagnosis, treatment plan, body changes, and identity adjustment in a relatable way for patients to then have a safe space to process questions and emotions. This paper serves as a “how to” guide for clinicians to consider bibliotherapy for a patient, select suitable book options, and introduce and incorporate bibliotherapy as part of comprehensive care.
Quality improvement knowledge in pediatric hematology/oncology physicians: A need for improved education
Authors: Terao Michael , Stokes Claire L. , Sitthi‐Amorn Jitsuda , Vinitsky Anna , Burlison Jonathan D. , Baker Justin N. , Li Chen , Lu Zhaohua , McDonald Marian , Hoffman James M.
Published: May 2022

Pediatric hematology/oncology fellows face unique quality improvement challenges given the danger of chemotherapy and caring for immunocompromised patients. Curricula to teach pediatric hematology/oncology fellows about quality improvement are lacking. We conducted a needs assessment of pediatric hematology/oncology physicians as a first step for creating a quality improvement curriculum for pediatric hematology/oncology fellows. Curricular topics were identified: root cause analysis, run charts, process mapping, chemotherapy/medication safety, implementation/adherence to guidelines. Identified barriers to curriculum implementation included a possible lack of quality improvement expertise, lack of awareness of quality improvement resources, and limited time.
Mechanical, microstructural, and dynamic mechanical properties of electrospun short nanofiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Shakil Usaid Ahmed , Nauman Saad , Hassan Shukur Bin Abu , Yahya Mohd Yazid , Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas Bin , Othman Faten Ermala Che , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Yusof Norhaniza
Published: May 2022

Electrospun nanofibers are emerging reinforcing fillers with epoxy matrix owing to its high aspect ratio, surface area, and mechanical properties resulting in wider applications. Application of non‐woven configuration of nanofiber mats, collected from electrospinning has been traditionally confined to improve interlaminar responses of fiber reinforced composites. However, potential of short nanofiber in improving bulk matrix properties cannot be under estimated. This study adopts matrix modification approach by incorporating different concentration of nylon 6 short nanofiber in epoxy matrix to investigate its influence on tensile and viscoelastic properties of nanocomposite. Results showed a moderate improvement in modulus for nanocomposites despite to general drop in strength, however fracture energy and failure strain improved significantly at an optimum concentration of 0.1 wt% nanofiber. In addition, highest storage modulus as well as damping factor was recorded with decline in glass transition temperature for 0.1 wt% nanofiber content. Moreover, it was revealed that addition of nanofiber altered brittle fracture to neck‐featured ductile mode and effectively introduced energy absorbing interfaces making it well suit for diverse applications.
Conformational bias in density functional theory ring strain energy calculations of cyclopentene derivatives: Towards predictive design of chemically recyclable elastomers
Authors: Coia Brianna M. , Werner Sarah E. , Kennemur Justin G.
Published: May 2022

Equilibrium ring opening metathesis polymerization of low strained cycloolefins is opportunistic for the development of novel materials capable of chemical recycling to monomer (CRM). However, many of the potential materials for CRM contain complex side chains complicating predictions of their ring strain energies (RSE). The effects of different conformational considerations on RSE predictions using density functional theory (DFT) are explored. New homodesmotic equations are investigated to capture changes in olefin conformation upon polymerization. The employment ofcis‐2‐butene as a corrective factor with a 2,7‐nonadiene linear analog bearing onecisand onetransolefin (H2cis) resulted in RSEs similar to previously reported ΔHpvalues. Different consideration of possible conformers aside from their lowest energy counterparts leads to a range of predicted RSE values. Similarly, the application of a Boltzmann distribution resulted in negligible differences in RSE. Therefore, RSE predictions using the lowest energy structures with H2ciscalculated at B3LYP/6‐31+G* in toluene is a sufficient approach for predicting RSE of monomers with multiple conformers. This method can be used to screen a monomer's potential for CRM to reduce the time, cost, waste, and effort necessary to research new materials towards a more circular polymer economy.
A 73‐year‐old man with loss of consciousness during treatment for miliary tuberculosis
Authors: Ohgiya Masahiro , Sasaki Yuka , Yamane Akira , Nakamura Sumie , Matsui Hirotoshi
Published: May 2022

Key message

Miliary tuberculosis is often associated with cerebral tuberculoma, which can manifest during treatment. We present images of a patient with cerebral tuberculoma detected due to emerging neurological symptoms during treatment of miliary tuberculosis.
Measuring the tail: Methods for poly(A) tail profiling
Authors: Brouze Aleksandra , Krawczyk Paweł Szczepan , Dziembowski Andrzej , Mroczek Seweryn
Published: May 2022

The 3′‐end poly(A) tail is an important and potent feature of most mRNA molecules that affects mRNA fate and translation efficiency. Polyadenylation is a posttranscriptional process that occurs in the nucleus by canonical poly(A) polymerases (PAPs). In some specific instances, the poly(A) tail can also be extended in the cytoplasm by noncanonical poly(A) polymerases (ncPAPs). This epitranscriptomic regulation of mRNA recently became one of the most interesting aspects in the field. Advances in RNA sequencing technologies and software development have allowed the precise measurement of poly(A) tails, identification of new ncPAPs, expansion of the function of known enzymes, discovery and a better understanding of the physiological role of tail heterogeneity, and recognition of a correlation between tail length and RNA translatability. Here, we summarize the development of polyadenylation research methods, including classic low‐throughput approaches, Illumina‐based genome‐wide analysis, and advanced state‐of‐art techniques that utilize long‐read third‐generation sequencing with Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. A boost in technical opportunities over recent decades has allowed a better understanding of the regulation of gene expression at the mRNA level.

This article is categorized under:

RNA Methods > RNA Analyses In Vitro and In Silico
Perfect discretizations as a gateway to one-loop partition functions for 4D gravity
Authors: Asante Seth K. , Dittrich Bianca
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Lattice actions and amplitudes that perfectly mirror continuum physics are known as perfect discretizations. Such perfect discretizations naturally preserve the symmetries of the continuum. This is a key concern for general relativity, where diffeomorphism symmetry and dynamics are deeply connected, and diffeomorphisms play a crucial role in quantization. In this work we construct for the first time a perfect discretizations for four-dimensional linearized gravity. We show how the perfect discretizations lead to a straightforward construction of the one-loop quantum corrections for manifolds with boundary. This will also illustrate, that for manifolds with boundaries, gauge modes that affect the boundary, need to be taken into account. This work provides therefore an evaluation of the boundary action for the diffeomorphism modes for a general class of backgrounds.
Infinite-dimensional algebraic $$ \mathfrak{Spin} $$(N) structure in extended/higher dimensional SUSY holoraumy for valise and on shell supermultiplet representations
Authors: James Gates S. , Hannon Gabriel , Siew Rui Xian , Stiffler Kory
Published: May 2022

Abstract

We explore the relationship between holoraumy and Hodge duality beyond four dimensions. We find this relationship to be ephemeral beyond six dimensions: it is not demanded by the structure of such supersymmetrical theories. In four dimensions for the case of the vector-tensor $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 multiplet, however, we show that such a linkage is present. Reduction to 1D theories presents evidence for a linkage from higher-dimensional supersymmetry to an infinite-dimensional algebra extending $$ \mathfrak{Spin} $$
Spin
(N).
Correction to: The hydrostatic approximation for the primitive equations by the scaled Navier–Stokes equations under the no-slip boundary condition
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Giga Yoshikazu , Kashiwabara Takahito
Published: May 2022

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00028-021-00674-6
Exploring the Link Between Neighborhood Violence and Health Among African-American and Latinx Youth Returning Home After Incarceration
Authors: Meza Jocelyn I. , Bondoc Christopher , Keshav Nivedita , Bosco John , Barnert Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Background

African-American and Latinx youth are disproportionately exposed to neighborhood violence and are overrepresented in the U.S. juvenile justice system. Perceived neighborhood violence is associated with negative health outcomes.

Objective

We examined associations between African-American and Latinx youths’ perceived neighborhood violence and health during reentry after juvenile incarceration.

Methods

Youth (n = 50) returning home after incarceration completed health questionnaires at one-month post-incarceration. A subset of participants (n = 25 youth) also participated in one-on-one, semi-structured longitudinal interviews.

Results

Twenty-eight (56%) participants reported neighborhood violence in quantitative surveys. Quantitative analyses revealed that perceived neighborhood violence was positively associated with reported asthma diagnosis, doctor recommendations for medical follow-up, perceived stress, and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Perceived neighborhood violence was negatively correlated with perceived family support. Stress ratings were associated with ACE total scores, moderate to severe depression symptoms, and family support. Moderate-to-severe depression symptoms were significantly correlated with lower ratings of family support. Qualitative interviews supplemented our quantitative findings and showed that responses to perceived neighborhood violence were linked to specific health-related behaviors, such as substance use or avoidance of gang activity.

Conclusions

Overall, our quantitative and qualitative results indicate that perceived neighborhood violence is associated with many negative psychosocial factors that could impact overall health and wellbeing of youth undergoing reentry. Treatment implications include the development and testing of family-centered interventions that help improve the transition back into the community for youth undergoing reentry and especially, their access to evidence-based treatment, including leveraging family telehealth substance use interventions.
Long-term K fertilization effects on soil available K, grain yield, and plant K critical value in winter wheat
Authors: Fontana Mario , Hirte Juliane , Bélanger Gilles , Makowski David , Elfouki Saïd , Sinaj Sokrat
Published: May 2022

This study takes advantage of Swiss long-term field experiments (> 30 yrs) with different K fertilization rates at three sites to (i) test the possibility to generalize linear relationships between K extracts (ammonium acetate, K-AA; ammonium acetate EDTA, K-AAE; water, K-H2O; and water saturated with CO2, K-CO2), (ii) determine the K fertilization effect on soil exchangeable K, (iii) determine the K fertilization effect on shoot biomass and grain yield of winter wheat, (iv) analyze the possibility to derive a soil K critical value, and (v) determine a critical plant K (Kc) dilution curve as a function of shoot biomass (SB) using a “classical” and a Bayesian method. Shoot biomass during the growing season, grain yield, and four soil extracts were measured in 2018 after more than 30 years with four to five rates of K fertilization. Unpublished data of soil K-AAE concentrations, and grain yield and K concentrations since the start of the experiments were also used to analyze the relationship between soil K-AAE and the cumulative K budget. The K-AA and K-AAE concentrations can be converted from one to the other [K-AAE = 26.8 + (1.11 × K − AA)], while the relationship between K-H2O and K-CO2 depends on soil pH. The K-AAE concentrations were positively related to the cumulative K budget for K-AAE ranges from a minimal K concentration up to a K holding capacity that were specific to each site. The lack of K fertilization during several decades decreased shoot biomass in 2018 and grain yield over the course of the experiments at only one of the three sites. The K-AAE values corresponding to non-limiting soil K conditions at this site (50—75 mg K kg−1) were close to the critical values previously reported but the large range suggests that more soil parameters should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the fertilization guidelines. The Bayesian and “classical” methods used for estimating the Kc curve yielded similar results (Kc = 58.21 × SB−0.45) that should be confirmed in future studies under a range of pedoclimatic conditions along with the effect of other nutrients and wheat cultivars.
A Formalization of the Smith Normal Form in Higher-Order Logic
Authors: Divasón Jose , Thiemann René
Published: May 2022

This work presents formal correctness proofs in Isabelle/HOL of algorithms to transform a matrix into Smith normal form, a canonical matrix form, in a general setting: the algorithms are written in an abstract form and parameterized by very few simple operations. We formally show their soundness provided the operations exist and satisfy some conditions, which always hold on Euclidean domains. We also provide a formal proof on some results about the generality of such algorithms as well as the uniqueness of the Smith normal form. Since Isabelle/HOL does not feature dependent types, the development is carried out by switching conveniently between two different existing libraries by means of the lifting and transfer package and the use of local type definitions, a sound extension to HOL.
The phenomenon objection to conceptual engineering
Authors: Pinder Mark
Published: May 2022

Conceptual engineering is sometimes presented as an alternative to conceptual analysis. But one important objection to conceptual analysis threatens to carry across: that philosophy investigates phenomena—knowledge, truth, freedom, etc.—rather than concepts of those phenomena. This poses a prima facie problem insofar as conceptual engineering targets concepts or terms rather than phenomena. Call it the ‘phenomenon objection’. I begin by examining recent discussions of the phenomenon objection by Cappelen and Scharp, rejecting their responses. I then clarify and strengthen the objection, discussing the challenge that the ‘strong phenomenon objection’ poses to conceptual engineers. Finally, I develop a new response to the strong phenomenon objection. In doing so, I motivate, articulate and defend an account of philosophy and its problems on which conceptual engineering is the appropriate method for tackling many philosophical problems—as well as, perhaps surprisingly, some problems in the sciences.
Implementation of functional imaging using 11C-methionine PET-CT co-registered with MRI for advanced surgical planning and decision making in prolactinoma surgery
Authors: Bakker Leontine E. H. , Verstegen Marco J. T. , Ghariq Eidrees , Verbist Berit M. , Schutte Pieter J. , Bashari Waiel A. , Kruit Mark C. , Pereira Alberto M. , Gurnell Mark , Biermasz Nienke R. , van Furth Wouter R. , Bouda Lenka M. Pereira Arias
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To report the first experience of our multidisciplinary team with functional imaging using 11C-methionine positron emission tomography-computed tomography (11C-methionine PET-CT) co-registered with MRI (Met-PET/MRICR) in clinical decision making and surgical planning of patients with difficult to treat prolactinoma.

Methods

In eighteen patients with prolactinoma, referred to our tertiary referral centre because of intolerance or resistance for dopamine agonists (DA), Met-PET/MRICR was used to aid decision-making regarding therapy.

Results

Met-PET/MRICR was positive in 94% of the patients. MRI and Met-PET/MRICR findings were completely concordant in five patients, partially concordant in nine patients, and non-concordant in four patients. In five patients Met-PET/MRICR identified lesion(s) that were retrospectively also visible on MRI. Met-PET/MRICR was false negative in one patient, with a cystic adenoma on conventional MRI. Thirteen patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery, with nine achieving full biochemical remission, two clinical improvement and near normalized prolactin levels, and one patient clinical improvement with significant tumour reduction. Hence, nearly all patients (94%) were considered to have a positive outcome. Permanent complication rate was low. Three patients continued DA, two patients have a wait and scan policy.

Conclusion

Met-PET/MRICR can provide additional information to guide multidisciplinary preoperative and intraoperative decision making in selected cases of prolactinoma. This approach resulted in a high remission rate with a low rate of complications in our expert centre.
Relief, time-bias, and the metaphysics of tense
Authors: Bacharach Julian
Published: May 2022

Our emotional lives are full of temporal asymmetries. Salient among these is that we tend to feel differently about painful or unpleasant events depending on their temporal location: we feel anxiety or trepidation about painful events we anticipate in the future, and relief when they are over. One question, then, is whether temporally asymmetric emotions such as relief have any ramifications for the metaphysics of time. On what has become the standard way of finessing this question, the asymmetry of relief is an instance of the phenomenon of future-bias, a tendency to prefer painful events to be located in the past than in the future. The main question then posed is whether this pattern of preferences can be justified in the light of different metaphysical theories of time. In this paper I argue that this whole dialectic is misconceived. While many people may have future-biased preferences and these are a legitimate object of psychological study, this should be distinguished from the more basic phenomenon of relief that an unpleasant experience is over. Acknowledging the distinctness of these phenomena has two main consequences. First, if relief is not a manifestation of a time-biased preference, it is unclear what it would be for it to be justified or unjustified. This, in turn, should lead us to reassess how the psychology of relief bears on our metaphysical commitments. As I shall suggest, the real significance of the temporally asymmetric emotions for the metaphysics of time is that they manifest, and so reflection on them serves to draw our attention to, a structural feature of our awareness of the passage of time that resists re-articulation in other terms.
Fire regime and climate determine spatial variation in level of serotiny and population structure in a fire-killed conifer
Authors: Ladd P. G. , Zhao X. , Enright N. J.
Published: May 2022

Fire-killed serotinous trees are often dominant species in fire-prone regions with contrasting wet and dry seasons. We studied a serotinous fire-killed conifer (Callitris preissii, Cupressaceae) to identify the influence of fire regime and climate on geographic variation in level of serotiny, recruitment and population structure. We measured population size distributions, seedling recruitment and level of serotiny for sample stands across a climatic gradient from mesic coastal (including two islands) to semi-arid inland sites in SW Australia. Trees on islands were mostly non-serotinous and were only weakly serotinous on the adjacent mainland in the higher rainfall West coast region. In the semi-arid Goldfields and South inland, and the higher rainfall South coast region, trees were more strongly serotinous with up to six cohorts of closed cones retained on trees. Level of serotiny was stronger at the drier end of the climatic gradient where severe to extreme fire danger weather occurs most frequently, and where vegetation type (e.g., shrublands) supports frequent crown-type, stand-replacing fires. Recruitment was most abundant post-fire in all regions, but seedlings also established inter-fire where there was regular seed fall due to low level of serotiny or spontaneous release of seeds from old cones on trees with a high cone load. Population structures for mainland stands shifted from approximately reverse-J (indicating continuous recruitment) in mesic regions to mainly unimodal (establishment mostly after fire) in drier, inland regions, although some long-unburned inland stands showed occasional inter-fire recruitment, likely linked to high rainfall years. Unimodal population structures characterized islands, where previous studies have identified herbivory on seedlings by refugial populations of native macropods as a limiting factor on inter-fire establishment. Understanding landscape context, response to disturbance, biotic interactions and reproductive traits of dominant species is essential in conservation planning in a rapidly changing global environment.
Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Bellini Valentina , Valente Marina , Turetti Melania , Del Rio Paolo , Saturno Francesco , Maffezzoni Massimo , Bignami Elena
Published: May 2022

The application of artificial intelligence technologies is growing in several fields of healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to review the current applications of artificial intelligence in bariatric surgery. We performed a review of the literature on Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane databases, screening all relevant studies published until September 2021, and finally including 36 articles. The use of machine learning algorithms in bariatric surgery is explored in all steps of the clinical pathway, from presurgical risk-assessment and intraoperative management to complications and outcomes prediction. The models showed remarkable results helping physicians in the decision-making process, thus improving the quality of care, and contributing to precision medicine. Several legal and ethical hurdles should be overcome before these methods can be used in common practice.
Intraoperative Margin Trials in Breast Cancer
Authors: Armani Ava , Borst Johanna , Douglas Sasha , Goldharber Nicole , Taj Raeda , Blair Sarah L.
Published: May 2022

Purpose of Review

Obtaining negative margins in breast conservation surgery continues to be a challenge. Re-excisions are difficult for patients and expensive for the health systems. This paper reviews the literature on current strategies and intraoperative clinical trials to reduce positive margin rates.

Recent Findings

The best available data demonstrate that intraoperative imaging with ultrasound, intraoperative pathologic assessment such as frozen section, and cavity margins have been the most successful intraoperative strategies to reduce positive margins. Emerging technologies such as optical coherence tomography and fluorescent imaging need further study but may be important adjuncts.

There are several proven strategies to reduce positive margin rates to < 10%. Surgeons should utilize best available resources within their institutions to produce the best outcomes for their patients.
Socio-cognitive determinants affecting insulin adherence/non-adherence in late adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: AlBurno Hanan , Mercken Liesbeth , de Vries Hein , Al Mohannadi Dabia , Jongen Stefan , Schneider Francine
Published: May 2022

Objective

This systematic review aims to investigate the key socio-cognitive determinants associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in late adolescents and young adults in the age range of 17–24 years with T1D.

Methods

A pre-specified search strategy will be used to search for studies in the electronic databases and citation indexes: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Two researchers will screen the title and the abstract independently, then will read and critically appraise the full text of each included study. A third independent reviewer will resolve disagreements in data extraction until consensus. Data will be extracted using the Population, Exposure, Outcomes, Study characteristics framework. Study selection will follow the updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (PRISMA 2020) and will take place from 15 October 2021 to 1 January 2022. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the observational studies will be assessed by the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cohort and JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies.

Results

A qualitative narrative synthesis will present the characteristics and the quality of studies and the outcomes of concern.

Conclusion

Based on the contemporary literature, this review will synthesize the evidence on the socio-cognitive determinants associated with adherence/non-adherence to insulin treatment in late adolescents and young adults in the age range of 17–24 years with T1D. The findings will help design patient-centered interventions to promote adherence to insulin in this age group, guide patients’ consultations and diabetes self-management education (DSME) programs.

Protocol registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42021233074.
Interpolation of non-random missing values in financial statements’ big data using CatBoost
Authors: Fujimoto Shouji , Mizuno Takayuki , Ishikawa Atushi
Published: May 2022

Financial statements’ big data have the characteristics of “Incompleteness” and “Nonrepresentative”. In this paper, employing the world’s largest commercial database on finance, ORBIS, we first find that the rate of missing data varies depending on the country, the type and size of financial items, and the year. Using information on missing data, we interpolate non-random missing financial variables from the previous- and/or next-year values of the same financial item, the values of other financial items, and the conditions of missing values determined by CatBoost. Because the distribution of financial values obeys Zipf’s law in the large-scale range and mean and variance diverge, we employ an inverse hyperbolic function to convert the value of a financial item as a target variable. We introduce two types of missing interpolation models according to the two types of situations involving missing objective variables. After verifying the accuracies and stabilities of these models, we describe the properties of firm-scale variables in which non-random missing values are interpolated. In the final stage of this work, we combine these two models. From our observations, we confirm that the range in which Zipf’s law is established becomes wider than before interpolation.
Body Image and Eating Disorders
Authors: Gabrielli Fabio , Irtelli Floriana
Published: May 2022

One of the paradoxes of our current era is that only 10% of obese or overweight people are actually dieting, whereas nearly 20% of the remaining population are trying to lose weight, even if they do not need to. This volume looks into our contemporary relationship with food by inserting current body image and eating disorders, like orthorexia and bigorexia, into a broader, historical overview. Gabrielli and Irtelli combine their knowledge of psychoanalysis and anthropology with scientific research and clinical experience to create this truly interdisciplinary work. Their study uses psychoanalytical theories about our 'hyper-modern' times to trace the impact that mass media has on individuals, families and societies. It explores various 'food tribes' and exposes the contradictions of today's mass media that advertise fitness and dieting alongside increasingly tastier and accessible foods. The work helps us to understand our highly social relationship with our bodies and what we eat.
Creative Histories of Witchcraft
Authors: Corbett Poppy , Compton Anna Kisby , Pooley William G.
Published: May 2022

How can researchers study magic without destroying its mystery? Drawing on a collaborative project between the playwright Poppy Corbett, the poet Anna Kisby Compton, and the historian William G. Pooley, this Element presents thirteen tools for creative-academic research into magic, illustrated through case studies from France (1790–1940) and examples from creative outputs: write to discover; borrow forms; use the whole page; play with footnotes; erase the sources; write short; accumulate fragments; re-enact; improvise; use dialogue; change perspective; make methods of metaphors; use props. These tools are ways to 'untell' the dominant narratives that shape stereotypes of the 'witch' which frame belief in witchcraft as ignorant and outdated. Writing differently suggests ways to think and feel differently, to stay with the magic, rather than explaining it away. The Element includes practical creative exercises to try as well as research materials from French newspaper and trial sources from the period.
Wittgenstein on Sense and Grammar
Authors: Bronzo Silver
Published: May 2022

The distinction between sense and nonsense is central to Wittgenstein's philosophy. It is at the basis of his conception of philosophy as a struggle against illusions of sense generated by misunderstandings of the logic of our language. Moreover, it informs the notions of 'grammar' (in the later work) and 'logical syntax' (in the early work), whose investigation serves to clear up those misunderstandings. This Element contrasts two exegetical approaches: one grounding charges of nonsensicality in a theory of sense specifying criteria that are external to the linguistic performance under indictment; and one rejecting any such theory. The former pursues the idea of a nonsensicality test; the latter holds that illusions of sense can only be overcome from within, through the very capacity of which they constitute defective exercises. This Element connects the two approaches to opposite understandings of Wittgenstein's conception of language, and defends a version of second approach.
Federico García Lorca
Authors: Bonaddio Federico
Published: May 2022

Feted by his contemporaries, Federico García Lorca's status has only grown since his death in 1936. This book shows just why his fame has endured, through an exploration of his most popular works: Romancero Gitano, Poeta en Nueva York and the trilogy of tragic plays - Blood Wedding, Yerma and The House of Bernarda Alba.
Coquettes, Wives, and Widows
Authors: Ray Marcie
Published: May 2022

A revelatory study of how composers and dramatists of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century France criticized and trivialized independent women in their portrayals of them in works of theater and opera.
Politics and Truth in Hölderlin
Authors: Adler Anthony Curtis
Published: May 2022

The first English-language study devoted to Hölderlin's novel in three decades, this book reveals Hyperion's literary and philosophical richness and its complex ties with politics, choreography, and economics.
Canonic Repertories and the French Musical Press
Authors: Weber William , Wilcox Beverly
Published: May 2022

A bold application of the concept of canonical works to the development of French operatic and concert life in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Great Books by German Women in the Age of Emotion, 1770-1820
Authors: Daley Margaretmary
Published: May 2022

Emphasizing the role of and portrayal of emotion, this study argues for the inclusion of six late-eighteenth-century German language novels by and about women in a revised canon.
The Intoxication of Destruction in Theory, Culture and Media
Authors: Stapleton Erin K.
Published: May 2022

This book examines the desire for, and intoxication with, destruction as it appears in cultural objects and representation, arguing that all cultural and aesthetic value is fundamentally predicated on its own fragility, as well as the living transience of those who make and encounter it.

Beginning with a philosophy of expenditure after Georges Bataille, each chapter maps different operations of destruction in media and culture. These operations are expressed and located in representations of human extinction and explosive architecture, in the body and in sexuality, and in media and digital archives, which constitute a further destabilisation of the notion of destruction in the dynamic between aspirational immortality and material volatility embedded in the archival systems of digital cultures.
Engraving Accuracy in Early Modern England
Authors: Doherty Meghan C.
Published: May 2022

The book traces major concepts including: the creation of the visual effects of accuracy through careful action and training; the development of visual judgment and connoisseurship; the role of a network in the production of knowledge; balancing readers' expectations with representational conventions; and the effects of acts of collecting on the creation and circulation of knowledge. On the one hand, this study uncovers the fact that approaches to knowledge production were different in the seventeenth century, as compared to the twenty-first century. On the other, it reveals how the early modern struggle to sort through an overwhelming quantity of visual information - brought on by major changes in image production and circulation - resonates with our own.
CJEU: Germany’s Public Prosecution Authorities Cannot be Regarded as a “Judicial Authority” with Regard to EAWs—The Truth or a Misconstrual of the Legal Reality?
Authors: Glaser Sebastian , Hartmann Sarah
Published: May 2022

The judgment rendered by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on May 27, 2019, deemed Germany’s prosecution service (Staatsanwaltschaft) legally incompetent for the purpose of issuing European arrest warrants (EAW) due to its lack of institutional independence. As a consequence, the question of how the German criminal prosecution system differs from the approaches taken by other European countries issuing European arrest warrants arises and raises the question of whether the German prosecution service truly is insufficiently independent in this respect. Debates amongst legal scholars have ensued in the wake of the CJEU’s judgment—the Court not yet having proffered any solutions regarding the re-establishment of the institutional independence—and this article shall discuss the lack of independence and acquaint the reader with possible solutions.