bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population response to streamflow and water temperature extremes
Authors: Bellmore J. Ryan , Sergeant Christopher J. , Bellmore Rebecca A. , Falke Jeffrey A. , Fellman Jason B.
Published: October 2022

Models that assess the vulnerability of freshwater species to shifting environmental conditions do not always account for short-duration extremes, which are increasingly common. Life cycle models for Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) generally focus on average conditions that fish experience during each life stage, yet many floods, low flows, and elevated water temperatures only last days to weeks. We developed a process-based life cycle model that links coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch) abundance to daily streamflow and thermal regimes to assess: (1) “How does salmon abundance respond to short-duration floods, low flows, and high temperatures in glacier-, snow-, and rain-fed streams?” and (2) “How does the temporal resolution of flow and temperature data influence these responses?”. Our simulations indicate that short-duration extremes can reduce salmon abundance in some contexts. However, after daily flow and temperature data were aggregated into weekly and monthly averages, the impact of extreme events on populations declined. Our analysis demonstrates that novel modeling frameworks that capture daily variability in flow and temperature are needed to examine impacts of extreme events on Pacific salmon.
Environmental, economic, and social sustainability of urban water systems: a critical review using a life-cycle-based approach
Authors: Rebello Thais Ayres , Chhipi-Shrestha Gyan , Hewage Kasun , Sadiq Rehan
Published: October 2022

The increasing number of studies covering different life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) tools and urban water systems (UWSs) emphasize the need to synthesize current research. While LCSA studies focus on an integrated approach considering the life cycle assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) methodologies, these tools are typically applied separately, disregarding the trade-offs amongst economic, social, and environmental impacts. In this context, this review aims to critically analyze the literature on LCSA tools to enhance the integrated application in the future. Furthermore, we aim to identify technological trends, current challenges, and future research directions to improve sustainability. The ProKnow-C methodology was applied using a combination of four keyword sets and three databases. We selected 72 relevant papers that were analyzed in detail. Results demonstrate that authors apply different boundaries when using different LCSA tools, and lack of data was also a common issue. Furthermore, papers lack system description in the scope definition, leading to a biased interpretation of results. Another important issue was the functional unit selection, which did not represent the complexity of UWSs, lacking important details such as water loss, water quality, and population served. Water treatment is the most researched process in UWSs, and stormwater systems (collection or treatment) are rarely included, representing only 25% of the analyzed literature. In conclusion, the application of LCSA tools faces fundamental challenges, such as data quality and availability. Concerning the engineering improvements, future works should use LCSA data to support design and technology development, also focusing on human behaviour and frugal technology alternatives. Finally, new paradigms need to be developed and applied to enhance sustainability and integrate UWS.
FLAG Review 2021
Authors: Aoki Y. , Blum T. , Colangelo G. , Collins S. , Morte M. Della , Dimopoulos P. , Dürr S. , Feng X. , Fukaya H. , Golterman M. , Gottlieb Steven , Gupta R. , Hashimoto S. , Heller U. M. , Herdoiza G. , Hernandez P. , Horsley R. , Jüttner A. , Kaneko T. , Lunghi E. , Meinel S. , Monahan C. , Nicholson A. , Onogi T. , Pena C. , Petreczky P. , Portelli A. , Ramos A. , Sharpe S. R. , Simone J. N. , Simula S. , Sint S. , Sommer R. , Tantalo N. , Van de Water R. , Wenger U. , Wittig H. ,   Flavour Lattice Averaging Group (FLAG)
Published: October 2022

We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, D-meson, B-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $$f_+(0)$$

f
+

(
0
)

arising in the semileptonic $$K \rightarrow \pi $$

K
→
π

transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $$f_K/f_\pi $$

f
K

/

f
π

and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $$V_{us}$$

V

us

and $$V_{ud}$$

V

ud

. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $$SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

×
S
U

(
2
)

R

and $$SU(3)_L\times SU(3)_R$$

S
U

(
3
)

L

×
S
U

(
3
)

R

Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $$B_K$$

B
K

parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four B parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $$m_c$$

m
c

and $$m_b$$

m
b

as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant $$\alpha _s$$

α
s

. We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.
Complete Coulomb correction to the Molière screening angle
Authors: Bondarenco M.
Published: October 2022

Nonperturbative (Coulomb) correction to the Molière screening angle in the multiple Coulomb scattering theory is evaluated taking into account the inelastic contribution. Treating the atom as an assembly of pointlike electrons and the nucleus, and summing the scattering probability over all the final states of the atom, it is shown that besides the Coulomb correction due to close encounters of the incident charged particle with atomic nuclei, there are similar corrections due to close encounters with atomic electrons, being the counterpart of Bloch correction in ionization energy loss. For low $$Z\ne 1$$

Z
≠
1

the latter contribution can reach $$\sim 25\%$$

∼
25
%

.
Collisional Penrose process of braneworld black hole with spinning particles
Authors: Du Yongbin , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: October 2022

The Penrose process of an extremal braneworld black hole is studied. We analyze the Penrose process by two massive spinning particles colliding near the horizon. By calculating the maximum energy extraction efficiency of this process, it turns out that the maximal efficiency increases as the tidal charge parameter d of the braneworld blackhole decreases. Interestingly, for the negative value of d, the efficiency can be even larger than the Kerr case.
Selective Mean Filtering for Reducing Impulse Noise in Digital Color Images
Authors: Gantenapalli Srinivasa Rao , Choppala Praveen Babu , Meka James Stephen
Published: October 2022

The interest of this paper is in reduction of impulse noise in digital color images. The two main methods used for noise reduction in images are the mean and median filters. These techniques operate by replacing the test pixel in a chosen window by a new filtered pixel value. The window is made to iteratively slide across the entire image to reconstruct a new noise reduced image. The mean filters suffer from the effect of smoothing out color contrast and edges due to leveraging the unrepresentative pixels in the filtering process. The vector median filter and its variants overcome this problem by considering only the most representative pixel in the chosen window. The most representative pixel, i.e. the pixel that is of highest conformity to take the place of the test pixel, is determined by minimizing the aggregate distance from one pixel to every other pixel in the window. The problem in these median filtering approaches is that only one pixel is treated as representative of all the pixels in the chosen window. This conjecture could lead to information loss due to marginalizing other pixels that also are representative of the center pixel. In this paper, we propose a selective mean filtering process to overcome the said problem. The key idea here is to determine the most representative pixels in the window using the method of aggregate distances and then compute the mean of these pixels. This approach will perform better than the vector median filters as now a set of representative pixels are leveraged into the filtering process. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than the conventional vector median filtering methods in terms of noise reduction and structural similarity and thus validates the proposed approach. Moreover, the method is tested on real MRI scan images in successfully reducing impulse noise for improved medical diagnosis.
History of the Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics
Authors: Pierce Allan D.
Published: October 2022

A brief history is given for the journal currently titled Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics.
IMP1/IGF2BP1 in human colorectal cancer extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kuhn Madeline , Zhang Yang , Favate John , Morita Mayu , Blucher Aurora , Das Sukanya , Liang Shun , Preet Ranjan , Parham Louis R. , Williams Kathy N. , Molugu Sudheer , Armstrong Randall J. , Zhang Wei , Yang Jiegang , Hamilton Kathryn E. , Dixon Dan A. , Mills Gordon , Morgan Terry K. , Shah Premal , Andres Sarah F.
Published: October 2022

This work demonstrates that the RNA binding protein IGF2BP1/IMP1 alters the transcript profile of colorectal cancer cell (CRC) mRNAs from extracellular vesicle (EV) pathways. IMP1 does not alter EV production or secretion in vitro or in vivo, but rather enters CRC cells where it may further impact EV cargo. Our work shows that IMP1 has the ability to shape EV cargo in human CRC, which could serve as a diagnostic/prognostic circulating tumor biomarker.
Coffee modulates insulin-hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α-Cyp7b1 pathway and reduces oxysterol-driven liver toxicity in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model
Authors: Kakiyama Genta , Minowa Kei , Rodriguez-Agudo Daniel , Martin Rebecca , Takei Hajime , Mitamura Kuniko , Ikegawa Shigeo , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Nittono Hiroshi , Fuchs Michael , Heuman Douglas M. , Zhou Huiping , Pandak William M.
Published: October 2022

This study demonstrated dietary coffee prevented the accumulation of hepatic oxysterols by maintaining Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 expression in a diet-induced NAFLD mice model. Lowering liver oxysterols markedly reduced inflammation in the coffee-ingested mice. Caffeine is not fundamental to this effect. In addition, this study showed Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 responses to insulin signaling can be mediated through a transcriptional factor, HNF4α. The insulin-HNF4α-Cyp7b1/Sult2b1 signaling pathway, which directly correlates to the onset of NASH triggered by insulin resistance, offers insight into approaches for NAFLD treatment.
FAM201A Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression and Metastasis through miR-1271-5p/Flotillin-1 Axis Targeting-Induced Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Wang Yuehong , Wang Zhilian , Cheng Keyan , Hao Qirong
Published: October 2022

This study investigated the role of the family with sequence similarity 201-member A (FAM201A), as previously reported oncogenic, in cervical cancer (CC). FAM201A expression in CC was analyzed through bioinformatics analyses, and its distribution in CC tissues/cells was determined by in situ hybridization. CC cells were transfected/cotransfected with FAM201A/flotillin-1 (FLOT1) overexpression plasmids and miR-1271-5p mimics, followed by functional analysis on viability, migration and invasion. Pearson’s correlation tests were performed to analyze the correlation between FAM201A and miR-1271-5p in CC tissues. The targeting relationship between miR-1271-5p and FLOT1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expressions of FAM201A, miR-1271-5p, FLOT1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, MMP-2, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules (Wnt1, β-catenin and p-β-catenin) in CC cells or tissues were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and/or western blot. The results showed that FAM201A was abundantly expressed and miR-1271-5p expression was downregulated in CC. FAM201A was enriched in CC cell cytoplasm and negatively correlated with miR-1271-5p in CC tissues. FAM201A overexpression enhanced the cell viability, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of CC in vivo and increased FLOT1 expression. These trends were all reversed by upregulating miR-1271-5p, which induced opposite effects to FAM201A overexpression. MiR-1271-5p upregulation depleted the levels of MMP-9, MMP-2, N-cadherin, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related molecules and upregulated E-cadherin expression. FLOT1 was a direct target of miR-1271-5p. FLOT1 overexpression induced effects contrary to the upregulation of miR-1271-5p and abolished miR-1271-5p upregulation-induced effects in CC cells. Overall, this study showed that FAM201A promoted cervical cancer progression and metastasis by targeting the miR-1271-5p/FLOT1 axis-induced Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Comparison between Rolled and Nonrolled U-Shaped Flap in the Second Stage of Dental Implant Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Al-Quisi Ahmed Fadhel , Mohammed Aldaghir Osamah , AL-jumaily Hassanien A.
Published: October 2022

Background. The presence of black triangles around the dental implant-supported prosthesis and the failure to construct adequate papillae around them bothers dental implantologists. Peri-implant surgical soft tissue management will improve esthetics, function, and implant survival. Aim. To compare the effects of rolled and nonrolled U-shaped flaps combined with a temporary crown in enhancing the soft tissue around dental implants. Materials and Methods. Forty patients were included in this study; all patients were operated on by the same maxillofacial surgeon at Al-Iraq specialized dental clinics from January 2019 to January 2020. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: group A: at the second stage of implant surgery, a U-shaped flap without rolling was used in conjunction with temporary crown placement; group B: at the second stage of implant surgery, a U-shaped flap with rolling was used in conjunction with temporary crown placement. Then, the temporary crown was fabricated for both groups and kept in place for one month. Two independent maxillofacial surgeons evaluated all patients two weeks after the cementation of the final zirconia crown for the implant soft tissue esthetic score. Results. The highest possible score assigned to the mesial papilla (2 scores) was present in 92.5% of the group A patients and only 77.5% of the group B patients. Moreover, we have found that alveolar bone contour is achieved perfectly (2 scores) in 70% of group A patients but only in 32.5% of group B patients. Conclusion. The U-shaped flap without rolling with a temporary crown is a simple technique. It has good results, especially when there is no severe resorption of the labial bone plate (in canine and premolar areas).
Improved Estimators of Population Mean under Nonresponse in Successive Sampling
Authors: Sharma Prayas , Pal Surya K. , Singh Housila P.
Published: October 2022

It is well accepted that suitable additional information improves the efficiency of an estimator but at the same time, it faced the situation of nonresponse. The two-occasion successive sampling is useful to handle the absence of a full response from respondents. In this present study, we have developed exponential estimators for population mean using a subsampling nonrespondent procedure. To show the efficacy of the recommended estimators, several properties are derived, and respective optimum replacement strategies are inferred. To evaluate the performance of the recommended estimators empirically, a computational study is carried out as well. It was found that the recommended estimators outperform the existing ones under the nonresponse in successive sampling.
Alterations of Serum Bile Acid Profile in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Sun Rui , Jiang Jingjing , Yang Ling , Chen Lu , Chen Hong
Published: October 2022

Background. Bile acid (BA) metabolism may be influenced by gut dysbiosis and alterations of intestinal epithelium in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). Here, we aimed at investigating the alterations of serum BA profile in CD patients and analyzing the correlation between BAs and CD disease activity. Methods. A total of 62 CD patients (29 active and 33 remission) and 33 healthy volunteers (HVs) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Serum BA profiles were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results. Levels of primary BAs components, including cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), showed no significant difference when compared with HVs. Secondary BAs (SBA) were significantly decreased in CD patients compared with HVs. Importantly, the deoxycholic acid (DCA) and glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) levels were significantly lower in CD active than in CD remission patients. The DCA/(DCA + CA) ratio was also decreased in CD active patients than in CD remission patients while the LCA/(LCA + CDCA) ratio showed no difference between them. Principal component analysis also indicated a clear separation among the three groups, with a total variance of 93.43%. The correlation analysis showed that the SBA, DCA, GDCA levels, and DCA/(DCA + CA) ratio had an inverse relationship with Crohn’s Disease Activity Index. Conclusion. The BA profile exhibits significant alterations in CD patients. The SBA, DCA, GDCA levels, and DCA/(DCA + CA) ratio were significantly decreased in CD active patients. The DCA/(DCA + CA) ratio had an inverse correlation with CD disease activity.
Remarks on the Initial and Terminal Value Problem for Time and Space Fractional Diffusion Equation
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Luc
Published: October 2022

The fractional problem for partial differential equation has many applications in science and technology. The main objective of the paper is to investigate the convergence of the mild solution of the diffusion equation with time and space fractional. We consider the problem in two cases which are forward problem and inverse problem. We use new techniques to overcome some of the complex assessments.
Influence of “Hospital-Community-Family” Integrated Management on Blood Pressure, Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Shi Wanzhe , Cheng Lei , Li Yang
Published: October 2022

Objective. To explore the Influence of “hospital-community-family” integrated management on blood pressure, quality of life, anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients. Methods. A total of 60 patients with hypertension were treated in our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021. The patients were randomly divided into control group (n =30) and study group (n =30). The former accepts routine management, while the latter accepts “hospital-community-family” integrated management. Nursing satisfaction, blood pressure, disease awareness rate, anxiety and depression scores, disease control ability and quality of life scores were compared. Results. First of all, we compared the nursing satisfaction: the study group was very satisfied in 25 cases, satisfactory in 4 cases, general in 1 case, the satisfaction rate was 100.00%, while in the control group, 10 cases were very satisfied, 8 cases were satisfied, 7 cases were general, and 5 cases were dissatisfied, the satisfaction rate was 83.33%; The nursing satisfaction of the study group was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Secondly, we compared the level of blood pressure. There was no significant difference before management (P >0.05) but the blood pressure decreased after treatment. In the control group, the level of blood pressure in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). In terms of disease awareness rate the scores of hypertension related knowledge hypertension harmfulness community management methods regular reexamination and blood pressure monitoring in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in anxiety and depression scores before treatment (P >0.05), but decreased after treatment. Compared with the control group, the anxiety and depression scores of the study group were lower (P <0.05). In terms of disease control ability, the total scores of diet management, medication management, behavior management and information management in the study group were higher compared to the control group (P <0.05). Finally, we compared the scores of qualities of life. Before management, there exhibited no significant difference (P >0.05). After management, the scores of quality of life decreased. Compared to the control group, the scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function and health self-cognition in the study group were lower than those in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion. The application of integrated “hospital, community and family” management can vertically integrate medical resources and establish a truly effective hierarchical treatment model. Integrated “hospital-community-family” management can improve patient compliance with treatment, enhance patients’ self-management ability and confidence, and improve the management efficiency of medical staff.
Prognostics, Health Assessment, and Modelling of Material Removal Rate by EDM for Al 6061 and AISI 304 via Cockroach Swarm and Fruit Fly Optimization Approaches
Authors: Selvaraj Senthil Kumaran , Kaliappan Jayakumar , Muthuswamy Natarajan , Ramesh Kumar S. , Cheepu Muralimohan
Published: October 2022

Micro-electric discharge machining (Micro-EDM) is deployed for machining hard-to-machine materials, such as various grades of titanium alloys, heat-treated alloy steels, composites, tungsten carbides, and so forth. Mild steel is known for its easy machinability. However, conventional machining of mild steel can often lead to the built-up edge formation on the tool. There is a minimal focus on machining ductile materials using nonconventional machining processes. This is due to the rapid work hardening in cold forming conditions. In the present study, the aluminium alloy 6061 and mild steel AISI 304 were taken as a work piece. Input pulse on factors considered as three levels and orthogonal array utilized to optimize the EDM parameters. Numerical results confirm the influence of input parameters in the response. The highest MRR is obtained at Ton = 40  μs and Toff = 4 μs, and the least MRR is acquired at Ton = 20 μs and Toff = 3 μs. The fruit fly algorithm and the cockroach swarm algorithm were used to predict the optimal minimized MRR value. The experimental results show that the cockroach swarm algorithm was performing better than the fruit fly algorithm in the MRR minimization process.
Geochemical Characteristics of Crude Oil in Member 7 of Yanchang Formation in Yanchang Oilfield
Authors: Li Wenming , Gao Zhendong , Wang Yongdong , Pu Jingyang , Cheng Hanlie , Theon Fahim
Published: October 2022

Oil is an important primary energy for national production and life and national defense, and China is the key to rapid development. It is of great strategic significance to ensure the safe and efficient production of the oil industry. Yanchang Oilfield is located in the main position of oil and gas accumulation in Ordos Basin, China, and the seventh member of the Yanchang Formation is the area with the richest crude oil output at present. Studying the geochemical characteristics of its crude oil exploitation is of great engineering significance for the exploration of oil and gas content in similar terrain and the continuous improvement of oil extraction and refining technology. On the other hand, it also provides first-hand data and important technical references for the exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources in other areas of the Ordos Basin. Firstly, this paper points out the important strategic significance of the petroleum industry for China’s development, and briefly describes the basic situation of Yanchang Oilfield and the basic characteristics of crude oil. The power and diversion system of the Yanchang Formation in Yanchang Oilfield are studied, and the main factors of formation and flow of deep reservoirs in the Yanchang Formation are explored, as well as the regional geological survey of the Yanchang Formation No. 7 in Yanchang Oilfield. The characteristics of crude oil and its maturity evaluation system are emphatically discussed, and the changes in crude oil characteristics under the action of microorganisms are comparatively studied. In this paper, Yanchang Oilfield, the main reservoir area of the Ordos Basin, is taken as the research object, and the formation mechanism of the oil reservoir and the geochemical characteristics of crude oil in the 7th member of the Yanchang Formation are deeply explored, so as to provide a preliminary theoretical study for the research of crude oil exploitation in reservoirs and other oilfields in the Ordos Basin.
[Retracted] Clinical Effect of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Femoral Neck Fracture in Young Adults and Related Factors of Femoral Head Necrosis
Authors: Lin Guanghui , Yang Dongliang , Sui Wei
Published: October 2022

Objective. The purpose of this article is to analyze the clinical effect of open reduction and internal fixation on femoral neck fracture in young adults and to explore the related factors of femoral head necrosis. Methods. The subjects were young and middle‐aged femoral neck fracture patients admitted to our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021. 90 patients were randomly divided into two groups according to different treatment methods. The control group (n = 45) was treated with open reduction and internal fixation with hollow nails, while the observation group (n = 45) was treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with hollow nails. The clinical effects and adverse reactions of the two groups and the risk factors of avascular necrosis of femoral head were analyzed. Results. Compared with the control group, the operation time of the observation group was significantly shortened (P < 0.05), the amount of bleeding during the operation was significantly reduced (P < 0.05), and the incidence of total adverse reactions was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The HSS score and Harris score of the two groups were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the above scores between the two groups before and after treatment (P > 0.05). The related risk factors of necrosis included gender, Garden classification, time from injury to operation, and time of weight bearing after operation (P < 0.05) but not related to age and cause of injury (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Open and closed reduction and internal fixation can effectively treat femoral neck fracture in young adults. The risk factors of adverse reactions of osteonecrosis include gender, Garden classification, time from injury to operation, and weight‐bearing time after operation.
Renewable Energy Based Smart Grid Construction Using Hybrid Design in Control System with Enhancing of Energy Efficiency of Electronic Converters for Power Electronic in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sodagudi Suhasini , Manjula C , Vinmathi M. S. , Shekhar R. , Arias Gonzáles José Luis , Ramesh Kumar C. , Dhiman Gaurav , Murali Dharan A. R.
Published: October 2022

The power electronic interface is critical in matching a distributed generation (DG) unit’s characteristics to grid requirements as most DG technologies rely on renewable energy. Increased adoption of electric vehicles (EV) is seen as a positive step toward minimizing air pollution as well as carbon emissions. Rapid proliferation of electric vehicles as well as charging stations has exacerbated voltage quality as well as harmonic distortion difficulties, which harm the efficiency of combined renewable energy. This research proposes novel hybrid design techniques in control systems that enhance the energy efficiency of electronic converters for power electronics. The control system enhancement has been carried out using a hybrid energy storage electric convertor, and energy efficiency is improved using a synergetic battery reference adaptive controller. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)’s internal combustion engine with a small photovoltaic (PV) module is utilised to assess a proposed control method which effectively regulates electric power on-grid by draining electricity from batteries during peak hours as well as then charging them during off-peak times, lowering the load on the converter as well as allowing electric vehicles to charge faster. Experimental results show the constant acceleration case obtained battery current of 92 Amps, ultracapacitor current of 89 Amps, charging voltage of 88 V, DC load current of 85 Amps, battery SOC of 72%, and the time-varying acceleration proposed technique obtained current of 94 Amps, and ultracapacitor current of 90 Amps, charging voltage of 90 V, DC load current of 82 Amps, battery SOC of 79%.
Extracting Vessel Speed Based on Machine Learning and Drone Images during Ship Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Zhao Jiansen , Chen Yanjun , Zhou Zhenzhen , Zhao Jingying , Wang Shengzheng , Chen Xinqiang
Published: October 2022

In the water transportation, ship speed estimation has become a key subject of intelligent shipping research. Traditionally, Automatic Identification System (AIS) is used to extract the ship speed information. However, transportation environment is gradually becoming complex, especially in the busy water, leading to the loss of some AIS data and resulting in a variety of maritime accidents. To make up for this deficiency, this paper proposes a vessel speed extraction framework, based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) airborne video. Firstly, YOLO v4 is employed to detect the ship targets in UAV image precisely. Secondly, a simple online and real time tracking method with a Deep association metric (Deep SORT) is applied to track ship targets with high quality. Finally, the ship motion pixel is computed based on the bounding box information of the ship trajectories, at the same time, the ship speed is estimated according to the mapping relationship between image space and the real space. Exhaustive experiments are conducted on the various scenarios. Results verify that the proposed framework has an excellent performance with average speed measurement accuracy is above 93% in complex waters. This paper also paves a way to further predict ship traffic flow in water transportation.
Qualification of Necroptosis-Related lncRNA to Forecast the Treatment Outcome, Immune Response, and Therapeutic Effect of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Yisheng , Tian Yiqun , Ren Xiang , Wang Jing , Li Xing , Zeng Xiaoyong
Published: October 2022

Background. Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is considered as a highly immune infiltrative tumor. Necroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death associated with a wide range of diseases. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation and immune function. lncRNA associated with necroptosis could systematically explore the prognostic value, regulate tumor microenvironment (TME), etc. Method. The patients’ data was collected from TCGA datasets. We used the univariate Cox regression (UCR) to select prediction lncRNAs that are related to necroptosis. Meanwhile, risk models were constructed using LASSO Cox regression (LCR). Kaplan–Meier (KM) analysis, accompanied with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, was performed to assess the independent risk factors of different clinical characteristics. The evaluated factors are age, gender, disease staging, grade, and their related risk score. Databases such as Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to search the probable biological characteristics that could influence the risk groups, containing signaling pathway and immue-related pathways. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was chosen to perform gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and the GSEABase package was selected to detect the immune and inflammatory infiltration profiles. The TIDE and

I

C

50

evaluation were used to estimate the effectiveness of clinical treatment on KIRC. Results. Based on the above analysis, we have got a conclusion that patients who show high risk had higher immune infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and poorer prognosis. We identified 19 novel prognostic necroptosis-related lncRNAs, which could offer opinions for a deeper study of KIRC. Conclusion. The risk model we constructed makes it possible to predict the prognosis of KIRC patients and offers directions for further research on the prognostication and treatment strategies for KIRC.
Thermal Flow for Radiative Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid over Nonlinear Stretching Sheet Subject to Darcy–Forchheimer Phenomenon
Authors: Guedri Kamel , Khan Arshad , Sene Ndolane , Raizah Zehba , Saeed Anwar , Galal Ahmed M.
Published: October 2022

This study examines the bidimensional nonlinear convective flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid upon a nonlinear stretching sheet. Three types of nanoparticles, namely

Cu
,

TiO

2

,

Al

2

O

3

, are suspended in the base fluid taken as water with a new composition

Cu
+

TiO

2

+

Al

2

O

3

/

H

2

O

which is termed as ternary hybrid nanofluid. To stabilize the flow and thermal properties of the new composition, the Brownian as well as thermophoresis properties are incorporated into energy and mass equations. The nonlinear thermal radiations and heat absorption/generation terms are included in the energy equation. The effects of the Darcy–Forchheimer phenomenon are also induced in the momentum equation. The set of model equations has shifted to dimension-free form by employing suitable variables. It has concluded in this study that flow characteristics have been declined with augmenting values of volumetric fractions of solid nanoparticles, porosity, and inertia factors and have upsurge with higher values of thermal and nonlinear thermal Grashof numbers. Thermal characteristics have been observed to be augmented with growth in radiation, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, heat generation/absorption, temperature ratio factors, and volumetric fraction of solid nanoparticles. These effects are more significant for ternary hybrid nanoparticles. Concentration profiles have been declined with higher values of Brownian motion factor, Lewis number, and upsurge with growth in thermophoresis factor. It has also been deduced in this investigation that the thermal flow rate is higher for trihybrid nanofluid than hybrid or traditional nanofluids, and a percentage growth in Nusselt number has been shown through statistical chart in support of this work. Current results have been compared with established results and found a fine agreement amongst all results.
Belligerent Fuzzy GE‐Filters on GE‐Algebras
Authors: Alemayehu Teferi Getachew , Gubena Yeshiwas Mebrat
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the concept of belligerent fuzzy GE‐filter of GE‐algebra is introduced. The relationship between a fuzzy GE‐filter of GE‐algebra and a belligerent fuzzy GE‐filter of GE‐algebra is given. Further, it is shown that a finite product (union) of belligerent fuzzy GE‐filters of GE‐algebras is a belligerent fuzzy GE‐filter of the finite product (union) of GE‐algebras.
NXPH4 Used as a New Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Marker for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gui Zhiming , Ying Xiaoling , Liu Chunxiao
Published: October 2022

Background. One of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system is muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). With the increased use of immunotherapy, its importance in the field of cancer is becoming abundantly evident. This study classifies MIBC according to GSVA score from the perspective of the GSEA immune gene set. Methods. This study integrated the sequencing and clinical data of MIBC patients in TCGA and GEO databases, then scored the data using the GSVA algorithm, the CNMF algorithm was implemented to divide the subtypes of GEO and TCGA datasets, respectively, and finally screened and determined the key pathways in combination with clinical data. Simultaneously, LASSO Cox regression model was constructed based on key pathway genes to assess the model’s predictive ability (ROC) and describe the immune landscape differences between high- and low-risk groups; key genes were further analyzed and verified in patient tissues. Results. 404 TCGA and 297 GEO datasets were divided into C1-3 groups (TCGA-C1:120/C2:152/C3:132; GEO- C1:112/C2:101/C3:84), of which TCGA-C2 (

n
=
152

) subtype and GEO-C1 (

n
=
112

) subtype had the worst prognosis. LASSO Cox regression model with ROC (

train
 
set
=
0.718

,

test
 
set
=
0.667

) could be constructed. When combined with the Cancer Immunome Atlas database, it was found that patients with high-risk scores were more sensitive to PD-1 inhibitor and PD-1 inhibitor combined with CTLA-4. NXPH4, as a key gene, plays a role in MIBC with tissue validation results show that nxph4 is highly expressed in tumor. Conclusion. The immune gene score of MIBC data in TCGA and GEO databases was successfully evaluated using GSVA in this research. The lasso Cox expression model was successfully constructed by screening immune genes, the high-risk group had a worse prognosis and higher sensitivity to immunotherapy, PD-1 inhibitors or PD-1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors can be preferentially used in high-risk patients who are sensitive to immunotherapy, and NXPH4 may be a molecular target to adjust the effect of immunotherapy.
Botnet Attack Detection in IoT Using Machine Learning
Authors: Alissa Khalid , Alyas Tahir , Zafar Kashif , Abbas Qaiser , Tabassum Nadia , Sakib Shadman
Published: October 2022

There are an increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the network these days, and due to the advancement in technology, the security threads and cyberattacks, such as botnets, are emerging and evolving rapidly with high-risk attacks. These attacks disrupt IoT transition by disrupting networks and services for IoT devices. Many recent studies have proposed ML and DL techniques for detecting and classifying botnet attacks in the IoT environment. This study proposes machine learning methods for classifying binary classes. This purpose is served by using the publicly available dataset UNSW-NB15. This dataset resolved a class imbalance problem using the SMOTE-OverSampling technique. A complete machine learning pipeline was proposed, including exploratory data analysis, which provides detailed insights into the data, followed by preprocessing. During this process, the data passes through six fundamental steps. A decision tree, an XgBoost model, and a logistic regression model are proposed, trained, tested, and evaluated on the dataset. In addition to model accuracy, F1-score, recall, and precision are also considered. Based on all experiments, it is concluded that the decision tree outperformed with 94% test accuracy.
Hybrid Electro Search with Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Task Scheduling in a Sensor Cloud Environment for Agriculture Irrigation Control System
Authors: Subramanian Murali , Narayanan Manikandan , Bhasker B. , Gnanavel S. , Habibur Rahman Md , Pradeep Reddy C. H.
Published: October 2022

Integrating cloud computing with wireless sensor networks creates a sensor cloud (WSN). Some real‐time applications, such as agricultural irrigation control systems, use a sensor cloud. The sensor battery life in sensor clouds is constrained. The data center’s computers consume a lot of energy to offer storage in the cloud. The emerging sensor cloud technology‐enabled virtualization. Using a virtual environment has many advantages. However, different resource requirements and task execution cause substantial performance and parameter optimization issues in cloud computing. In this study, we proposed the hybrid electro search with ant colony optimization (HES‐ACO) technique to enhance the behavior of task scheduling, for those considering parameters such as total execution time, cost of the execution, makespan time, the cloud data center energy consumption like throughput, response time, resource utilization task rejection ratio, and deadline constraint of the multicloud. Electro search and the ant colony optimization algorithm are combined in the proposed method. Compared to HESGA, HPSOGA, AC‐PSO, and PSO‐COGENT algorithms, the created HES‐ACO algorithm was simulated at CloudSim and found to optimize all parameters.
Evaluation Algorithm of Disaster Response Capability of Intelligent Distribution Network Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Ouyang Jianna , Li Shan , Zhou Yangjun , Zhang Yubo , Wu Rongrong
Published: October 2022

Because most of the production and transmission components of the power system are exposed to the natural environment, they are vulnerable to the threat of natural disasters for a long time and the resulting circuit damage is also large. With the improvement of people’s living standards and the improvement of electricity demand, more and more attention has been paid to the normal operation of the power system. Improving the disaster resistance ability of the power system is an important prerequisite to ensure the national economy and life. In view of the above problems, in order to solve and improve the power supply recovery ability of the distribution network in the face of various disasters, this paper focuses on the analysis of the disaster response stage of the intelligent distribution network under natural disasters and the comprehensive data and related indicators of the power grid system, so as to establish the evaluation index system of the power grid's predisaster tolerance and postdisaster resilience and, through the introduction of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, quantifying the disaster response capability of the distribution network. Finally, through the introduction of case analysis, the case results show that the intelligent distribution network disaster response ability evaluation algorithm based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation constructed in this paper can accurately calculate the disaster response ability of the distribution network and has an important guiding role in the disaster prevention and reduction of the distribution network.
Contrast Medium Use in Computed Tomography for Patients Presenting with Headache: 4-year Retrospective Two-Center Study in Central and Western Regions of Ghana
Authors: Jimah Bashiru Babatunde , Sarkodie Benjamin Dabo , Offei Asare Kwaku , Idun Ewurama Andam , Anim Dorothea , Brakohiapa Edmund , Botwe Benard Ohene
Published: October 2022

Background. Contrast medium (CM) administration during computed tomography (CT) enhances the accuracy in the detection and interpretation of abnormalities. Evidence from literature also validate the essence of CM in imaging studies. CT, by virtue of its ubiquity, ease of use, speed, and lower financial footprint, is usually the first investigation in cases of headache. Through a multicenter retrospective analysis, we compared findings of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) to noncontrast-enhanced CT (NCECT) head examinations among patients presenting with headache. Methods. A multicenter retrospective analysis of four years’ CT head examination data at two radiology centers located in Central and Western Regions of Ghana were reviewed. Records of patients who presented with headache as principal complaint between January 2017 and December 2020 were reviewed. A total of 477 records of patients with headache were identified, retrieved and evaluated. A Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compare the CECT and NCECT groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was computed to assess association between CECT and each CT findings. Statistical significance was considered at

p
<
0.05

with a 95% confidence interval. Results. A significant proportion of the patients was females (51.8% in CECT and 60% in NCECT). The NCECT group (40.06 ± 14.76 years) was relatively older than the CECT group (38.43 ± 17.64 years). There was a significant difference between the CECT and NCECT in terms of age (

p
=
0.002

) and facility CT was performed (

p
<
0.0001

). The rate of abnormalities was higher in CECT (43.5%, 166/382) compared NCECT (37.9%, 36/95). There was no significant association between CT head findings and contrast enhancement. Conclusion. CECT examination accounted for 5.6% increase in the detection of head abnormalities. Efforts required to establish local standard operation procedures (SOPs) for contrast medium use especially in CT head examinations. Further studies to improve the knowledge of agents, mechanism of action, and safety of contrast media used among practitioners in Ghana is recommended.
Application of Production-Oriented Approach and Deep Learning Model in English Translation Teaching Model
Authors: Qi Aman
Published: October 2022

Translation is an important index to assess students’ English learning ability. In the current English translation teaching, there are still dilemmas such as poor professionalism of curriculum, insufficient knowledge reserve of students, and single teaching methods and approaches. Therefore, this study carries out research on English translation teaching based on the deep learning model to improve the EM algorithm and the guidance of Production-Oriented Approach (POA). The experiment proves that POA can effectively mobilize students’ enthusiasm in translation learning, improve the efficiency of internalizing human knowledge into output ability, optimize teachers’ teaching effect, and significantly improve students' English translation ability and output application ability by more than 30%.
Research on Information Leakage Tracking Algorithms in Online Social Networks
Authors: Xiong Junli , Huang Huayi
Published: October 2022

An online social network is a platform where people can communicate with friends, share information, speed up business development, and improve teamwork. A large amount of user privacy information existing in real social networks is leaked from person to person, and this issue has hardly been studied. With the rapid expansion of the network, the issue of privacy protection has received increasing attention. So far, many privacy protection methods including differential protection algorithms, encryption algorithms, access control strategies, and anonymization have been researched and applied. Information leakage means that the information shared by the user is disseminated or downloaded by his friends without the user’s consent, and the transmission of private information will not be recorded. In order to track and find out the ways and methods of information leakage, this article adopts an unusual method, namely, the probability judgment based on trust. By screening the similarities between users, past information exchanges, and the topology of social networks, a trust model is established to evaluate and estimate the degree of trust between users. According to the rating information privacy of friends’ trust, an information dissemination system is established, which can be applied to online social networking platforms to reduce the risk of information leakage, thereby ensuring the security of users’ private information. At the same time, this paper expands the transmission system model without user authorization and proposes a fingerprint-based deterministic leak tracking algorithm.