bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selection of inocula conditioning methodologies for the anaerobic digestion of food waste
Authors: Parra Orobio Brayan Alexis , Nieto Mendoza Melkin , Rivera Henao Diego , Manyoma Vélasquez Pablo Cesar , Torres Lozada Patricia
Published: May 2019

Food waste (FW) has a high potential for use in biological processes such as anaerobic digestion (AD), especially due to its high content of biodegradable organic matter. To inoculate the reactors, sludge is usually used. The sludge should ideally have good sedimentation and specific methanogenic activity (SMA), which is typical for granular sludge. However, in a Latin American context, the most available and accessible sludges are flocculants with low sedimentation and SMA. Applying technological surveillance between 1975 and 2017, using multicriteria analysis techniques such as analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and consulting with international and national experts, we observed that there were few studies, compared to published studies on the substrates that focused on improving inoculum quality through conditioning to improve its characteristics and maximize methane production. The inoculum-conditioning methodologies identified were grouped into five categories, being the main strategy the addition of nutrients followed by anaerobic digestion with an easily degradable substrate. However, extension of technological surveillance is recommended by incorporating the results published from significant events in the field of anaerobic digestion, such as the Latin American Workshop and Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion and the World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion.
Improving the mechanical properties of commercial feldspathic dental porcelain by addition of Alumina-Zirconia
Authors: Gómez Juliana , Rueda Astrid , Ossa Henao Edgar Alexader
Published: May 2019

Dental ceramics made from Yttria stabilized tetragonal Zirconia polycrystalline (Y-TZP) with feldspathic porcelain veneers have similar mechanical and aesthetic response to natural tooth. However, cases of early failure, such as chipping or fracture in the veneering have been reported after short periods of use. The present study evaluated the feldspathic porcelain (VITA-VM9) with addition of 0.5 and 2.5 wt% Alumina-Zirconia as reinforcing agents. Hardness, fracture toughness, contact resistance and color variations were evaluated finding better mechanical performance on the new formulations.
International Universal Unification of the Conflict-of-Law Regulation of Cross-Border Unfair Competition
Authors: Rebrysh Bohdan , Maskayeva Natalia
Published: May 2019

This article puts forward that there are diverse and sound grounds preventing the universal treaty regulating comprehensively the issues of legal protection from crossborder unfair competition by substantive norms from being worked out in the near future. The development of the universal unification of the conflict-of-law rules on the law applicable to the private relations arising out of unfair competition as a possible alternative is also proposed and substantiated. The authors give some possible reasons for the absence of such a treaty and demonstrate the results that have been achieved so far in this field. The concept of the Draft of the relevant Convention is drawn up. The conclusion is made that the latter needs to be centered on the lex mercatus as a single connecting factor (due to its advantages of predictability, account of the interests of the state where the effected market is situated etc.). Furthermore, the Convention should not provide for party autonomy, should set forth the detailed rules for the legal characterization of the basic terms of the Convention, including the scope of the applicable law as well as the public policy clause and the norms on the overriding mandatory provisions.
Public Property in Australia and Russia: The Concept and the Role of the Constitution
Authors: Nizov Vladimir
Published: May 2019

The modern democratic state embodies the concept of the state as a service. For this reason, the administration of public property is one of the major issues related to the efficiency of public authority. Common law countries and post-Soviet countries have completely different legal explanations and bases for public property. This article takes a comparative approach, showing similarities and differences in the public property regimes in these two systems.

This article investigates why the two systems have different approaches to public property issues and how the differing experiences result in differing implementation. Australia and Russia have been chosen as examples of a common law system and the post-Soviet system, respectively. In addition to property regimes, this paper also discusses federalism issues.

An analysis of these countries’ historical development permits a significant enhancement of the philosophical and legal understanding of property, especially public property. Protection of private property in Russia was very strong by 19th century standards. However, the Russian Empire fell behind in questions of public property compared to its protection of private property, and also compared to other systems outside of Russia. Some aspects of dealing with the most critical natural resources expand public property regulation issues into the constitutional sphere. Public property issues need constitutional justification in both Australia and Russia. However, Russia has constitutional provisions that provide the categories of property rights existing in its domestic law, while a great deal of effort was required in Australia to create the constitutional basis for water resources administration.
Legal Systems of the Post-Soviet Non-Recognized States: Structural Problems
Authors: Tolstykh Vladislav , Grigoryan Mariam , Kovalenko Tatiana
Published: May 2019

There are currently six non-recognized states (NRSs) in the post-Soviet space: the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR, 1990), the Republic of South Ossetia (RSO, 1990), the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR, 1991), the Republic of Abkhazia (RA, 1994), the Lugansk People’s Republic (LPR, 2014) and the Donetsk People’s Republic (DNR, 2014). All of them have been formed as a result of armed conflicts between a state vigorously pursuing the policy of national unification and a minority residing compactly. On the one hand, the legal systems of these states ensure that both the state and the civil society function effectively. In particular, each legal system forms a basis for the state’s political system, sets out human rights and their guarantees and provides necessary regulation of commercial activities. On the other hand, these legal systems reflect certain “statehood deficiency” and are subject to a number of serious problems, including being dependent on political agenda as well as on certain foreign legal systems, providing no personal jurisdiction or property guarantees and having significantly underdeveloped commercial law and judicial system. This “statehood deficiency” has two main causes: the community being not ready for state building (weak statehood traditions; lack of qualified personnel, economic resources and industrial base; high level of corruption, etc.) and the state being non-recognized (including the consequences of this status such as inability to participate in international cooperation, dependence on major geopolitical players, existence of an external threat, etc.).
DEFINITION DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MATRICES FOR EXPLOSIVE STAMPING BY TENSOMETRIC METHODS
Authors: MURASHKIN Gennady V. , SNEGIREVA Antonina I. , KRETOV Dmitry A. , ZHILTSOV Yury V.
Published: May 2019

In this paper experimental studies of ring-shaped reinforced concrete matrices for explosive stamping on deformation indexes under the eff ect of impulse loads are viewed. The study was carried out on sample, which was subjected to explosive loading. The results of calibration tests using the “Dynamics- 1” strain gauge complex are presented. The dependence of the tension in the matrix on the reaction of the strain gauge system is obtained. The obtained experimental data are compared with theoretical calculations. The general results of the studies obtained are given taking into account their further use for serial testing of matrices in order to determine their durability.
FEATURES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND TOWN PLANNING HERITAGE OF THE TOWN OF SOLVYCHEGODSK, ARKHANGELSK REGION
Authors: SIDOROVA Alena V.
Published: May 2019

The main stages of the formation of the town-planning structure of the city of Solvychegodsk in the 16th - early 20th century are analyzed. The monuments of religious and civil architecture are studied.. Brief information about the two main cathedrals of the city - Blagoveshchensky and Vvedensky of the Vvedensky Monastery, the last of which is an outstanding monument in the style of Stroganov’s Baroque, as well as about the two remaining churches - the Savior and Vladimir is cited. The most interesting monuments of stone and wooden civil architecture are listed, their regional features are revealed.
WOODEN BUILDINGS OF MECHANICAL MILLS AND GRAIN BARNS OF THE SAMARA PROVINCE OF THE END OF XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY
Authors: SYSOEVA Elena A.
Published: May 2019

The article describes the building of mechanical mills and grain barns of the Samara province. The types of mill constructions, volume-spatial, planning, design features are shown. Transitional types of buildings from wind and water mills to mechanical are identifi ed. The features of the formation of the external architectural appearance of the mills, the relationship with the technological processes of production are determined. Mill buildings are considered as part of industrial complexes, which also include buildings for the placement of engines, grain barns and elevators, offi ces, residential buildings.
TOWER BUILDING IN THE MODERN CITY: THE IMPERFECTION OF THE IDEAL
Authors: KOTENKO Irina A.
Published: May 2019

The article views the tower building as one of the modern methods of planning residential areas. The uniqueness and signifi cance of the vertical form in the composition of the city at all historical stages of its existence are noted. The author considers the evolution of the tower as an element of the composition from the unique to the mass use and the formation of the reception of urban planning composition. Due to its infl uence on the surrounding space, panoramas and silhouett es of the city, tower building retains its special urban planning value. Recently, in almost all Russian major cities, there has been an interest in this planning technique, which is increasingly called high-rise buildings and has an ambiguous assessment in a historic city. The article discusses modern examples of tower building in Samara and analyzes the problems of its urban planning application.
CLEANING OF OIL-CONTAINING WASTEWATER
Authors: BYSTRANOVA Anastasya O. , TEPLYKH SvetlanaYu. Yur'evna , TEPLYKH Evgeniy A.
Published: May 2019

The regularities of changes in the composition of wastewater, methods of cleaning and technological schemes of the oil extraction industry and the processes of formation of wastewater of the oil extraction plant CJSC Samaraagroprompererabotka and their chemical and physical indicators are studied. The eff ectiveness of wastewater treatment by reagent methods using known, analog and new reagents, on a model solution was investigated. An analytical dependence describing the processes of increasing the effi ciency of new technological processes (discrete and binary) reagent purifi cation has been carried out. The economic effi ciency of the proposed methods for treating oil-fat-containing wastewater is determined.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE RAW MATERIAL MIXTURE OF LOW-TEMPERATURE CEMENT ON THE BASIS OF FUEL-CONTAINING COAL PREPARATION WASTE
Authors: RIAZANOV Anton A. , LATYPOV Valery M. , RIAZANOV Aleksander N. , RIAZANOVA Victoriia A.
Published: May 2019

The article presents a method for calculating the composition of a two-component raw material mixture for producing lime-clay cement based on fuel-containing technogenic waste - gravitational waste of coal enrichment. A method for determining the optimal ratio of components in the charge, taking into account the calorific properties of the waste, is given. The key parameter, in this case, is the energy efficiency ratio. The purpose of the calculation is to determine the ratio of components in the charge, which ensures maximum economy of process fuel. The results indicate the possibility of complete elimination of process fuel from the production cycle at the steady-state thermal process through the use of coal preparation waste.
Assessment of drugs belonging to inhibitors and inductors of p-glycoprotein in vitro
Authors: Yakusheva Elena N. , Shchulkin Aleksey V. , Chernykh Ivan V. , Popova Natalia M. , Kotlyarova Anna A. , Slepnev Alexandr A.
Published: May 2019

The article describes modern approaches for testing of drugs belonging to substrates and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (Pgp, ABCB1-protein, MDR1-protein) according to the recommendations of Food and Drug Administration (United States) and European Medicines Agency. In vitro methods on cell lines with hyperexpression of the transporter are presented. The same analysis was done on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2).
Malnutrition in the elderly and old age
Authors: Turusheva Anna V. , Moiseeva Irina E.
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of malnutrition in people over 60 is 10–40%. Inadequate nutrition worsens the quality of life and the functional status of patients in elderly and senile age. The development of eating disorders may be due to various factors. Diagnosis of malnutrition is aimed at identifying it and finding the causes. Treatment should be comprehensive, including adequate nutritional support and correction of factors leading to the development of malnutrition. It must be remembered that some eating disorders can cause the development or progression of various geriatric syndromes (falls, urinary incontinence, cognitive disorders, depression, etc.)
De Jerusalém ao Kibutz: a trajetória de um judeu militante e sua rebelião em De amor e trevas
Authors: Arantes Sandra de Almada Mota
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a história de Amós Oz, narrada em De amor e trevas. O escritor, um judeu militante que se rebela contra o status quo do judaísmo. Na busca de uma outra identidade e na tentativa de explicar os motivos de sua rebelião, relata cenas de um passado que lhe enrijeceram o coração, mas, ainda assim, deixaram em sua memória marcas profundas da tradição judaica as quais estão presentes intensamente em sua escrita. Na narrativa, ecoam vozes da infância vivida em Jerusalém que transmitem um conteúdo verbal, questão judaica vista como uma necessidade para que seja deixada aos filhos a tradição da escrita para a memória e posteridade.
Unicorns and Flying Dragons in Noah's Ark: The Bible Story according to Medieval and Modern European Works of Art
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir
Published: May 2019

The current study analyzes several medieval and modern works of art that portray mythological creatures who entered Noah's ark (Genesis 6:5-9) – flying dragon-like and imaginary creatures as well as unicorns. The artists assumedly chose to portray these animals for several reasons: a) in the ancient world the existence of creatures with unusual and exceptional qualities was a commonly held belief; b) mythological animals aroused the imagination of the ancients and sparked their curiosity.
Shoah: o indizível que força um dizer
Authors: Myssior Silvia Grebler
Published: May 2019

Shoah: o indizível que força um dizer
Por uma sopa de beterraba
Authors: Grzybowski Adam , Goldman Luis
Published: May 2019

Por uma sopa de beterraba
Olhos
Authors: Amichai Yehuda
Published: May 2019

Olhos

Tradução: Moacir Amâncio
Validity of the Demirjian and Fishman Methods for Predicting Chronological Age Amongst Yemeni Children
Authors: Alqadi Maktoom A. , Abuaffan Amal H.
Published: May 2019

Objectives: There has been an increasing need for reliable chronological age (CA) estimation in several aspects, including orthodontic treatment needs and legal, civil and forensic purposes. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Demirjian and Fishman methods in predicting the CA of Yemeni children. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at seven schools in Sana’a, Yemen, between December 2016 and December 2017. One orthopantomograph and one left hand-wrist X-ray were obtained for each child to calculate the dental age (DA) and skeletal age (SA) which were correlated and compared with the CA. Results: A total of 358 Yemeni children aged 8–16 years were included in this study. The mean CA, DA and SA were 12.00 ± 2.25, 11.34 ± 2.42 and 12.39 ± 1.65 years, respectively. The Demirjian method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.58 ± 1.25 years in the total sample and 0.73 ± 1.30 and 0.40 ± 1.17 years in males and females, respectively (P <0.001). The Fishman method significantly underestimated the CA by 0.23 ± 1.19 and 0.44 ± 1.26 years in the total sample and in males, respectively (P ≤0.02). The Fishman method insignificantly underestimated the females CA by 0.02 ± 1.08 years (P = 0.898). Conclusions: Yemeni CA is highly correlated to DA and SA estimated by the Demirjian and Fishman methods, respectively. The Fishman method was more accurate amongst Yemeni females. Results showed that Yemeni children are delayed in dental development and skeletal maturity.Keywords: Age Determination by Teeth; Age Determination by Skeleton; Children; Adult Children; Diagnostic Imaging; Yemen.
Massive Hyphaema Following Laser Iridotomy in a Patient on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (Aspirin plus Ticagrelor): Case report and literature review
Authors: Galvis Virgilio , Tello Alejandro , Carreño Néstor I. , Sánchez Walter A. , Frederick Gabriel A. , Blanco Nicolás A.
Published: May 2019

Massive hyphaema presentation after a laser iridotomy is very rare. We report a 63-year-old man with ischaemic heart disease on dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus ticagrelor) who was diagnosed as a primary angle-closure suspect and was to undergo a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser iridotomy at Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia in 2016. While performing the iridotomy in the left eye, active bleeding occurred that finally filled approximately 75% of the anterior chamber. Intraocular pressure (IOP) increased to 62 mmHg. Mannitol and a topical dorzolamide/timolol were used to control the increase in IOP. The hyphaema slowly resolved over the following week without sequelae. This case revealed that massive hyphaema can complicate laser iridotomy in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, although this is rare. Therefore, if patients are taking aspirin and ticagrelor, it would be advisable to stop the second medication if possible. In addition, sequential application of photocoagulation and photodisruption lasers might diminish the risk of significant bleeding.Keywords: Iridectomy; Nd-YAG Laser; Hyphema; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Angle-Closure Glaucoma; Ocular Hypertension; Case Report; Columbia.
A Study of Incidence and Risk Factors in Post Operative Abdominal Wound Infection in Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Thombare Deepak , Joshi Dinesh
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Surgical site infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, increase in hospital stay and enhanced cost of health care. Objective of present study is to analyse the incidence of surgical site infections after major abdominal surgeries and risk factors for development of SSIs. Methods: It is observational study carried out at Department of General Surgery, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik, Maharashtra, India. This study carried on 70 patients operated in general surgery department. The various parameters studied were age and sex of patients, presence of diabetes, hypertension malignancy, type of surgery (emergency and elective surgery), duration of surgery, and the class of wound etc. Results: Hypertension, malignancy of operated patients had surgical site infection. Significant risk factors are age, obesity, emergency surgery, dirty and contaminated wounds, prolonged hospital stay, Diabetes mellitus. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli are most commonly identified organisms in culture. Conclusions: Post-operative abdominal wound infection represents a substantial burden of disease, both for the patients and the healthcare services in terms of the morbidity, mortality and economic costs.
Prospective Study of Audiological Analysis of Ossiculoplasty in Cases of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Patel Rushika , Ghai Sumeet Kaur , Kulkarni Shreeya V. , Bharadwaj Chaitanya , Sancheti Vandana , Burse K. S.
Published: May 2019

Background: Ossiculoplasty is defined as reconstruction of the ossicular chain using various graft materials and techniques. Aim: Audiological analysis with Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) of results of ossiculoplasty in cases of safe and unsafe csom and its correlation with preoperative middle ear status using Kartush's Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI). Methodology: Non randomized prospective study conducted over 2 years in 34 patients with CHL; ossiculoplasty conducted with cartilage, remodeled autologous incus or malleus, malleostapediopexy and PORP; preoperative and 3 months postoperative PTA done. Kartush's MERI to correlate preoperative middle ear status with postoperative hearing results done. Out of 34 patients operated: 10-cartilage ossiculoplasty, 6-autologous incus, 2-autologous malleus, 4-PORP and 12-malleostapediopexy. Results and Conclusion: Hearing improvement was seen in all types of osssiculoplasties using various materials and techniques. However, there was no significant statistical difference between the various types in relation to the postoperative hearing improvement. Kartush's MERI was found to be an indicator of postoperative hearing improvement. It was found that as the value of the index increases, the postoperative hearing improvement decreases.
Study of Drug Utilization Pattern in Acne Vulgaris in Skin Outpatient Department in Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Dharrao Sameer Balasaheb , Bhansali Premsaroj Bansilal
Published: May 2019

Background: Acne vulgaris is common skin disorder which dermatologists come across in day to day practice. Drug utilization studies are very useful to explore role of drugs in the society. It involves prescription, distribution, marketing and use of drugs and its different consequences like medical and socio-economic. Aims and Objective: To obtain information of drug prescription pattern in acne vulgaris in skin outpatient department and to evaluate pattern of prescription using World Health Organization (WHO) drug use prescribing indicators. Material and Methods: This was cross sectional observational study conducted by department of pharmacology in dermatology OPD in medical college and tertiary care centre from August 2015 to December 2017. During study period total 414 prescriptions of acne patients were analysed. Results: Out of 414 patients 226 (54.59%) were females and 188 (45.41 %) were males with male to female ratio was 1:1.20. Majority of patients belonged to 21-25 years (38.90%) followed by 15-20 (36.48%), 26-30 (18.59%), 31-35 (4.59%) and 36-40 (1.44%) with Mean age of 22.74 years. Grade II (52.66 %) consists of the majority of patients while others Grade I (35.27%), grade III (10.14%) and grade IV (1.93%). Monotherapy was prescribed in 35.26% cases and polytherapy in 64.74% cases. A total number of 950 drugs were prescribed out of them 306 (32.21%) were oral and 644 (67.79%) were topical, percentage of total fixed dose combination of topical preparations were 4%. Average number of drugs per prescription were 2.29. All drugs prescribed by prescribers are in brand names 76% (722 out of 950) of drugs were prescribed from national essential medicines list (NELM, 2015) and 19th WHO list of essential medicines, April 2015. Conclusion: Percentage of drugs prescribed in this study from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) was satisfactory but shows complete use of Non-Generic (Branded) drugs. The prescription audit or the drug utilization studies can be used as further basis for the prescribers. Periodic drug audits must be conducted to reduce errors, make prescription rationalize and for effective management of acne vulgaris.
To Study the Effect of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss During and After Caesarean Section
Authors: Thavare Monika Ganpat , Patil Ajit Subhash
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage is 6.4% in caesarean section. WHO guidelines for prevention of PPH include oxytocin as first line drug. Intravenous tranexamic acid has been used to reduce hemorrhage during surgical procedures. In this study use of tranexamic acid on blood loss during and after Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) was evaluated. Aims and Objectives: 1. To study the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during and after lower segment caesarean section, and 2. To study any side effect on neonate. Materials and Methods: A randomized prospective observational study of 100 patients were conducted. Patients were divided into: Group (A group) had received 1 gm tranexamic acid intravenous 20 minutes before skin incision + 20 units oxytocin drip in 500ml Ringer Lactate after delivery of baby. Group (B group) received only 20 units oxytocin drip in 500ml Ringer Lactate after delivery of baby. Patient's blood loss was measured (intra operative, post placental and post-operative period) by weighing dry and soaked mops and separate suction bottle for blood. Results: Statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the quantity of blood loss was observed. In group A total blood loss during LSCS was 476.49 ml while in group B it was 576.06 ml. Intra operative blood loss in group A was 455.63 ml while in group B it was 536.53 ml. Post placental blood loss in group A was 411.59 ml while in group B was 485.08 ml. Not a single neonate had poor APGAR score and no NICU admission was required. Conclusion: Use of tranexamic acid with oxytocin significantly decreased blood loss during and after caesarean section without any side effect on neonate.
Clinico-Pathological Study of Cervical Lymphadenopathy in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Borse Hemantkumar , Bhamre Aakash
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Cervical lymphadenopathy is common in India and may present as diagnostic problem to the clinician. Diseases affecting cervical lymph nodes are of varying severity starting from simple curable infection to difficult incurable malignant disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the various clinical presentations of cervical lymphadenopathy and correlate histopathological findings with the clinical diagnosis. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during the period from August 2015 to December 2017 at a tertiary care centre on 50 patients presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy. Results: In this series, tissue diagnosis by biopsy found Tuberculosis (TB) 74% cases, metastatic carcinoma in 12%, and non-specific reactive hyperplasia in 10% and lymphoma in 4% cases. Seventy six percent cases were below 40 years of age. Conclusion: Thirty-Seven (74%) cases were diagnosed clinically as tubercular lymphadenitis, 05(10%) as metastatic carcinoma, 06(12%) non-specific reactive hyperplasia and 02(4%) cases were of lymphoma which was nearly similar to histopathological diagnosis.
DIAGNÓSTICO DA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NO VALE DO ARINOS
Authors: Vicente Glades , De Lima Ana Maria , Oliveira Vilma Eliane Machado de , Angola Lidiane Silva Souza
Published: May 2019

O estudo teve como objetivo central analisar como ocorre a gestão de resíduos sólidos por parte da administração pública municipal na região do Vale do Arinos. O Vale do Arinos localiza-se na região noroeste do Estado de Mato Grosso. Nessa região estão disponíveis recursos hídricos, animais e vegetais da Amazônia brasileira. A metodologia adotada inicialmente foi de revisão bibliográfica não sistematizada, pesquisa de campo, observações, pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Os resultados apontam que a região do Vale do Arinos tem limitações na gestão de resíduos sólidos, assim, somente o município de Porto dos Gaúchos tem iniciativas para trabalhar a aplicabilidade da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS).  Será necessária uma atuação do poder público municipal e outras instituições que possam contribuir para resolver a problemática dos resíduos na região do Vale do Arinos. O cenário aponta a urgência em investimentos para que os aterros sanitários públicos ou privados se instalem de forma a atender as demandas de resíduos sólidos a serem descartados corretamente, incluindo o trabalho dos catadores nesse processo. Aliado a isso, tem-se o desafio da formação e educação dos atores sociais para realizarem de forma adequada o descarte de seus resíduos. Talvez esse seja o maior desafio, uma sociedade consciente e que age para o bem coletivo nos aspectos sociais e ambientais.
East Asian Genome-wide association study derived loci in relation to type 2 diabetes in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Sijia , Jamaspishvili Esma , Tong Huixin , Chen Yongjie , Zhou Zhongyu , Sun Lulu , Kazakova Elena , Hong Qiao
Published: May 2019

Meta-analysis of GWAS in East Asian populations had established 10 loci that were associated with type 2 diabetes. Eight of them were with genome-wide significance and two with a border line association. Since these data have not been studied in an independent Han Chinese population, we aimed to investigate the association of these susceptibility loci with type 2 diabetes in an independent Han Chinese population. We executed a case-control study in 2 000 Chinese by the SNPscan method. Firstly, the repetitive sequences of 10 loci were assessed. Next, we investigated the association of 8 SNPs out of 10 with type 2 diabetes and constructed the GRS of those 8 SNPs. Finally, the relationship of the 8 loci and diabetes-related traits was analyzed. Based on the fact, that highly repetitive sequences were detected in 2 SNPs, we investigated the remaining 8 SNPs. With the exception of four SNPs (CMIP rs16955379, PEPD rs3786897, PSMD6 rs831571, ZFAND3 rs9470794), the other SNPs had the same direction of effect (odds ratio [OR]>1.0) as in the original reports, especially GLIS3 rs7041847 and KCNK16 rs1535500 were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (rs1535500: p=0.005, OR=1.224, 95% CI 1.062–1.409; rs7041847: p=0.035, OR=1.118, 95% CI 1.070–1.388). The GRS constructed from the 8 SNPs was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes in the Chinese population (p=0.004, OR=1.065, 95% CI: 1.021–1.111). Among the participants with 24≤BMI<28 kg/m2 the 8 SNPs were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (p=0.040, OR=1.079, 95% CI: 1.003–1.160). In quantitative trait analyses, WWOX rs17797882 was associated with decreased HOMA-β and increased level of TG and HDL-Ch, while PEPD rs3786897 and MAEA rs6815464 were associated with decreased fasting plasma glucose, and KCNK16 rs1535500 has shown a significant association with increased T-Ch and PSMD6 rs831571 had a significant association with decreased HDL-Ch. In Conclusion, with high probability the 8 loci identified in the East Asian GWAS meta-analysis are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Han Chinese population.
Main Characteristics of Real Options in the Implementation of Innovation Projects
Authors:   Saratov State University, Firsova A.A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Insufficient funding for innovation in Russia focuses researchers’ attention on studying and developing both the institutional environment and tools for assessing the effectiveness and risk of innovative projects and optimizing their organization in modern conditions. Theoretical analysis. Existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects, comparing the discounted income and project costs, consider the portfolio of innovative projects of companies and investors as static and create a limited picture of investment opportunities. Most innovative projects contain real options. And management of the investment innovative project should use the special methods that allow to take into account these circumstances. Empirical analysis. When using the real options method in assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects, it is necessary to take into account the following key parameters that affect the results and costs of the innovation project: the uncertainty of future income streams, the costs of owning and realizing options for the project, the present value of the future revenue stream, expected commercial value of the project, the cost of additional investments arising from additional development of project implementation scenarios, one hundred ka discounting taking into account the risk premium, the time period until the option is exercised and other conditions of exercise. Results. Accounting for the main characteristics of options for a more accurate multi-pricing of innovative projects compared with existing approaches based on the application of the real option method in the practice of investment project analysis will help to increase the accuracy of estimates and justify the feasibility of investors’ participation in the implementation of innovative projects.
THE EFFECT OF DIALOGUE IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING BUSINESS ENGLISH
Authors: Ibatova Aygul Z. , Smirnova Elena V.
Published: May 2019

Purpose of Study: The main purpose of this research was to describe the effect of dialogue in the process of learning Business English. This was experimental research. two experimental and control groups were identified and a pre-test was conducted on their level of proficiency in English. Then, for the control group, English was taught in a normal way and presented for the English language test group using a dialogue. After the end of the course, their English proficiency was examined. The results showed that English language proficiency in teaching through dialogue has been much greater than normal and the difference between the two methods was significant and the English language method was more effective than the dialectic method.

Methodology: This was experimental research. At first, two experimental and control groups were identified and a pre-test was conducted on their level of proficiency in English. Then, for the control group, English was taught in a normal way and presented for the English language test group using a dialogue. After the end of the course, their English proficiency was examined to determine if English language education would affect English language learning through dialogue. To investigate these results, covariance analysis method was used.

Results: Results showed that English language proficiency in teaching through dialogue has been much greater than normal. To determine if this difference was statistically significant, the covariance analysis test was performed and the results showed that the difference between the two methods was significant and the English language method was more effective than the dialectic method.

Implications/Applications: The results of this study can help to teach English both in private institutions and in schools but in order for the teacher to build on the English language learning process based on the dialogue, the teacher should create an environment in which all students can be expressed, and no student is ashamed of the level of ability and fluency in English.
The Influence of Technological Parameters on Durability of Products from ABS Plastic at Ultrasonic Welding
Authors: Volkov S.S. , Korolev S.A. , Rozanov D.S.
Published: May 2019

An ultrasonic welding method for round-shaped products made from ABS plastic is described in this paper. This method can eliminate roughness and waviness on the contact surface between the planimetric waveguide and the welded part, increase heat removal from the surface of the welded part in the subwaveguide zone and improve the efficiency of ultrasonic welding as well as the strength and quality of the welded joint. It is shown that a mushroom-shaped waveguide is the optimal choice for planimetric ultrasonic welding of ABS parts of the fan wheel type with regard to the uniformity of the oscillation amplitude distribution along the perimeter of the waveguide’s working end face. The optimal form of the waveguide’s working end face is defined that entails fixing the connecting parts relative to the waveguide’s axis along their diameter. It is established that at a certain combination of the ultrasonic welding modes for ABS plastic the rate of deformation at large welding pressures can turn out to be higher than at small pressures. This is caused by the competition of three factors: temperatures, static welding pressure and concentration of energy on the welded surfaces. It is determined that for welding ABS plastic the so-called soft modes of ultrasonic welding with small static welding pressure and oscillation amplitude of the waveguide’s end face should be used. In this case welding occurs only due to the distribution of microroughness, without dents from the waveguide on the surface of the welded material. Optimal welding parameters for ABS plastic are determined.
Sensory attributes of wines made from vines of differing phosphorus status
Authors: Skinner Paul W. , Matthews Mark
Published: May 2019

Aim: The implications of water and nutrient deficiencies for photosynthesis, dry matter production, and yield have been well documented. However, whereas multiple studies show that water deficits affect grape and wine quality as well as wine sensory characteristics, the corresponding implications of manipulating vine nutrient status through fertilizer additions remain largely unexplored.Methods and results: In this study, phosphorus (P) fertilizers were applied to P-deficient vineyards of Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Chenin blanc growing in rhyolite, granite, and schist derived soils. Bloomtime leaf lamina P levels, basic soil chemical characteristics, juice P, and wine chemical parameters were measured after harvest. A highly sensitive protocol for sensory evaluation was used to test the wines made from the treated and untreated grapes for differences in wine appearance, flavor, aroma, and taste.
All P additions were effective in rapidly increasing both vine P status and P in the harvested juice. In Cabernet Sauvignon vines growing on rhyolite, juice P was linearly related to vine P status compared to a non-linear accumulation of juice P in Chenin blanc vines growing on an calcium-rich schist soil. Soil CEC and Ca levels were both higher in the schist derived soil than in the rhyolite or granite soils, indicating a possible association of P release with soil parent material. Differences were detected in appearance, flavor, aroma, and taste in wines made from all three varieties on all three sites. Also, increasing vine P status increased the concentration of anthocyanins and soluble phenolics in the wines, and reduced fermentation time in the Cabernet Sauvignon.Conclusions: The results of this study show that vine P nutrient status can be manipulated by the grower across different soil types. Vine nutrient status has also been shown to significantly affect vine bud fertility, photosynthesis, dry matter and fruit production, and grape and wine chemical parameters. However, there is a lack of data describing the effect of manipulating vine nutrient status through fertilizer additions on the resulting wine sensory profile. Our results show that vine P status can influence the sensory attributes of wines.Significance and impact of the study: The results of this study and earlier work with vine water status identify two vineyard sources of variation in wine sensory attributes that occur both naturally and can be manipulated by the grower across different soil types.
Sleep Disturbances are Consequences or Mediators between Socioeconomic Status and Health: A Scoping Review
Authors: Etindele Sosso Faustin Armel , Papadopoulos Dimitrios , Surani Salim R. , Curcio Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

The variations in socioeconomic status (SES) between different social classes of a population correspond to differences in accessibility to all resources available and able to improve global health. SES can influence global health trajectory for an individual or a community, depending if SES is low or high. Sleep is sensitive to environmental stimuli, as well as living conditions. Plenty of studies linked sleep complaints with mood disorders, allostatic load or circadian disruption; but very few or none investigated deeply what happened earlier to sleep depending of SES. While SES is now known as one of the main determinants for a good health and a good aging, its influence on sleep disorders (SD) is not well understood. SES is a concept, not directly observable but estimated using indicators like income, education, occupational status and area of living. Even if recent evidence suggested that few of SES indicators like occupational status are linked with sleep disturbances, the relation between SES and health in general with sleep as an outcome or a mediator is not well documented. This scoping review synthetized studies which investigated physiological and psychological mechanisms resulting from a low SES and linked them with sleep disturbances as consequences or as mediators. This review also explore a possible role played by sleep in the relation between socioeconomic status and health inequalities.
Support Vector Regression Integrated with Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for River Flow Forecasting in Lake Urmia Basin
Authors: Samadianfard Saeed , Jarhan Salar , Salwana Ely , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin
Published: May 2019

Adequate knowledge about the development and operation of the components of water systems is of high importance in order to optimize them. For this reason, forecasting of future events becomes greatly significant due to making the appropriate decision. Moreover, operational river management severely depends on accurate and reliable flow forecasts. In this regard, current study inspects the accuracy of support vector regression (SVR), and SVR regulated with fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOASVR) and M5 model tree (M5), in river flow forecasting. Monthly data of river flow in two stations of the Lake Urmia Basin (Vaniar and Babarud stations on the Aji Chay and the Barandouz Rivers) were utilized in the current research. Additionally, the influence of periodicity (π) on the forecasting enactment was examined. To assess the performance of mentioned models, different statistical meters were implemented, including root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (R), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results showed that the FOASVR with RMSE (4.36 and 6.33 m3/s), MAE (2.40 and 3.71 m3/s) and R (0.82 and 0.81) values had the best performances in forecasting river flows in Babarud and Vaniar stations, respectively. Also, regarding BIC parameters, Qt-1 and π were selected as parsimonious inputs for predicting river flow one month ahead. Overall findings indicated that, although both FOASVR and M5 predicted the river flows in suitable accordance with observed river flows, the performance of FOASVR was moderately better than the M5 and periodicity noticeably increased the performances of the models; consequently, FOASVR can be suggested as the accurate method for forecasting river flows.
Wellbore-Stability Analysis by Integrating a Modified Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion With Dual-Porochemoelectroelastic Theory (includes associated erratum)
Authors: Liu Chao , Han Yanhui , Liu Hui–Hai , Abousleiman Younane N.
Published: May 2019

When drilling through naturally fractured formations, the existence of natural fractures affects the fluid diffusion and stress distribution around the wellbore and induces degradation of rock strength. For chemically active formations, such as shale, the chemical–potential difference between the drilling mud and the shale–clay matrix further complicates the nonmonotonic coupled pore–pressure processes in and around the wellbore. In this work, we apply a recently formulated theory of dual–porosity/permeability porochemoelectroelasticity to predict the time evolution of mud–weight windows, while calculating stresses and pore pressure around an inclined wellbore drilled in a fractured shale formation. The effects of natural–fracture geometric and spatial distributions coupled with the chemical activity are considered in the wellbore–stability analysis. To account for the degrading effect of the fractured shale matrix on the bulk rock strength, a modified Hoek–Brown (MHB) criterion is developed to more closely describe the in–situ state of stress effects on the compressive shearing strength at great depth. Compared with the original Hoek–Brown (HB) failure criterion, the MHB criterion considers the influence of the intermediate principal stress and thus shows better agreement with true–triaxial data for various rocks at varying stress levels. The MHB criterion converges to the original HB criterion when the confining in–situ stresses are equal. Two field case studies indicate that this novel integrative methodology is capable of predicting the operational drilling–mud–weight windows used in these two cases. Another advantage of this newly developed technique is that it can be used as a back–analysis tool to estimate the fracture–matrix permeability from field operational data.
Nutrient Loss in Snowmelt Runoff: Results from a Long‐term Study in a Dryland Cropping System
Authors: Schneider Kimberley D. , McConkey Brian G. , Thiagarajan Arumugam , Elliott Jane A. , Reid D. Keith
Published: May 2019

Snowmelt runoff often comprises the majority of annual runoff in the Canadian Prairies and a significant proportion of total nutrient loss from agricultural land to surface water. Our objective was to determine the effect of agroecosystem management on snowmelt runoff and nutrient losses from a long‐term field experiment at Swift Current, SK. Runoff quantity, nutrient concentrations, and loads were estimated after a change in management from conventionally tilled wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow (Conv W‐F) to no‐till wheat–fallow and subsequently no‐till wheat–pulse (NT W‐F/LP) and to an organic system with a wheat–green manure rotation (Org W‐GM). The conversion from conventional tillage practices to no‐till increased snowmelt runoff likely due to snow trapping by standing stubble after summer fallow. Relatedly, runoff after no‐till summer fallow had higher dissolved P losses (0.07 kg P ha−1). Replacing summer fallow with a pulse crop in the no‐till rotation decreased snowmelt runoff losses and nutrient concentrations. The Org W‐GM treatment had the lowest P loss after stubble (0.02 kg P ha−1) but had high dissolved P concentrations in snowmelt following the green manure (0.55 mg P L−1), suggesting a contribution from incorporated crop residues. In this semiarid climate with little runoff, dissolved reactive P and NO3–N loads in snowmelt runoff were smaller than those reported elsewhere on the prairies (averaging <0.05 kg P ha−1 yr−1, and <0.2 kg NO3–N ha−1 yr−1); however, the nutrient concentrations we observed, in particular for P, even without P fertilizer addition for organic production, question the practicality of agricultural management systems in this region meeting water quality guidelines.

Core Ideas

The conversion to no‐till farming caused an increase in snowmelt runoff.

Greater snowmelt volumes can lead to increased nutrient losses.

Pulse crops can decrease snowmelt runoff and nutrient concentrations compared with no‐till fallow.

Green manure fallow can increase dissolved reactive P and NO3–N concentrations in snowmelt runoff.

It may not be practical to meet the water quality guidelines for P concentrations in this region.