bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wind Energy Extraction by Pso Modelled Algorith in Energy Transmission
Authors: thadkapally Karunakar , Josh F T , Joseph Jency Jency , jayakumar j
Published: November 2024

The study presented a suggested technique for determining the best operating point of a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller in the context of a wind turbine. Additionally, the strategy aimed to find the stability zones within the parameter space. The proposed approach uses a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm for optimum PID controller design. The modification is carried out by integrating most effectual Genetic Algorithm (GA) with PSO. The aforementioned intelligent algorithms are artificial learning mechanisms capable of identifying the ideal operating points. They were used to derive a function that represents the most favourable operating parameters, namely kp and ki, for each value of kd inside the stability area of the PID controller. In fact, GA has slow convergence process with local convergence issue. These issues are resolved by PSO algorithm while GA takes the responsibility for new population generation. The solutions under consideration were shown by simulations of a drive train model without time delay and a pitch control model including time delay. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB Simulink tool which is most effective is designing and validating power systems with VSC HVDC transmissions.
COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients with Autoimmune Bullous Dermatoses: A Comparative Study of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Sadati Maryam Sadat , Alizadeh Mohsen , Ravari Fardin Karbakhsh , Rafiei Ali
Published: November 2024

Background:
Autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBD), such as pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, are characterized by blister formation due to autoantibodies against skin structures. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges in managing AIBD, as these patients may have an elevated risk of severe complications from the virus.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with AIBD, specifically comparing the clinical impact of the virus on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid patients.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 224 biopsy-confirmed AIBD patients referred to Shahid Faqihi Hospital in Shiraz from September 2021 to May 2023. Patient demographics, COVID-19 infection status, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality rates were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results:
Of the 224 patients, 63.4% had pemphigus vulgaris, and 36.6% had bullous pemphigoid. COVID-19 infection rates were 47.2% for pemphigus vulgaris and 53.6% for bullous pemphigoid. The mortality rate was higher in pemphigus vulgaris (8.9%) compared to bullous pemphigoid (2.2%). ICU admissions were 5.9% for pemphigus vulgaris, while none were reported in the bullous pemphigoid group. Bullous pemphigoid patients were significantly less likely to experience severe COVID-19 complications (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
Patients with bullous pemphigoid appear to have a lower risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes compared to those with pemphigus vulgaris. These findings highlight the need for tailored management strategies for AIBD patients during the pandemic and suggest a possible protective factor in bullous pemphigoid patients against severe COVID-19 complications.
Leakage Inductance Analysis of Small-Size AFPMSMs with Different Core Materials for Micro Generator Application
Authors: Karabulut Yiğit , Meşe Erkan , Ayaz Murat , Aktaş Serkan
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the leakage inductance of small-size axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines (AFPMSM) with different core materials under saturation conditions. Two identical AFPMSMs were manufactured, one with a soft magnetic composite (SMC) stator core and the other with a grain-oriented (GO) steel stator core. First, the synchronous inductance values for both motors are calculated analytically, considering the magnetizing, slot leakage, tooth-tip leakage, end-winding leakage, and air-gap harmonic leakage components according to saturation values of magnetic flux density. This finding is further supported by finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. Phase inductance measurements for both AFPMSMs were obtained using analytical, simulation, and experimental methods. The phase inductance was measured as 288.9 uH for the GO steel core AFPMSM and 204.86 uH for the SMC core AFPMSM using an LCR meter. The phase inductance ratio was found to be 0.709. The average inductance ratio was 0.743 during operation in the range of 2000–10000 rpm and 1–10 mNm.
Fascia-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Fat Graft Retention by Promoting Vascularization through the HMOX1-HIF-1α Pathway
Authors: Chen Guo , Long Jie , Zhang Yuge , Zhou Xuhua , Gao Botao , Qin Zijin , Zhu Yuhan , Song Binyu , Cui Ziwei , Liu Zhangzi , Xu Man , Yu Zhou , Song Baoqiang , Zhang Ziang
Published: November 2024

Background:
Adipose tissue is a widely used autologous soft tissue filler in plastic surgery, particularly for volumetric restoration in cases of soft tissue deficiency. However, effectively controlling the retention rate of transplanted fat remains a major challenge. Therefore, this study aims to explore strategies to enhance fat graft retention. We isolated fascia-derived stem cells (FDSCs) from human superficial fascia and compared their gene expression profiles with those of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Through bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments, we identified significant differences in the angiogenic potential of the two cell types. Based on sequencing results, we further investigated the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1). This study highlights the critical potential of FDSCs in improving fat graft retention and promoting angiogenesis, offering new strategies for enhancing graft survival and optimizing tissue regeneration therapies.
Methods:
We isolated fascia-derived stem cells (FDSCs) from human superficial fascia and compared them with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). RNA sequencing was performed to analyze gene expression profiles, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify differences in angiogenic potential. Functional experiments were conducted to investigate the roles of HIF-1α and HMOX1 in angiogenesis.
Results:
RNA sequencing revealed significant gene expression differences related to angiogenesis in FDSCs. The expression levels of HMOX1, HIF-1α, and VEGFa were significantly higher in FDSCs than in ADSCs, and HMOX1 positively regulated the expression of HIF-1α and VEGFa. In vitro experiments demonstrated that FDSCs promoted angiogenesis more effectively than ADSCs. In vivo co-transplantation experiments further confirmed that FDSCs improved fat graft retention and vascularization.
Conclusions:
We demonstrated that FDSCs can more effectively promote vascularization both in vitro and in vivo, and significantly improve graft retention, indicating their broad potential for future applications in tissue repair and regeneration.
Attention and Classifier-Constrainted -based Deep Adversarial Domain Adaptive method for Remote Sensing Image Classification
Authors: WU Di , Xiao Yan , Wan Qin
Published: November 2024

To address the high cost problem of manual annotation of remote sensing data and negative migration caused by the feature distribution discrepancy between different domains, in this paper, a novel deep adversarial domain adaptive method based on attention and classifier-constrainted strategy for remote sensing image classification is proposed.Firstly, for the various migratability of differernt image regions, and the corresponding low migratability regions will cause negative migration during the training process, a new adversarial method based on mixed attention mechanism is given so that the network can learn which parts need to be paid attention automatically during the migration process; Secondly, due to the fact that the difference of the classes spatial distribution between the source domain and the target domain, an adaptive metric module are adding to the adversarial domain adaptation model, which measures the distance between source domain and target domain data by the maximum mean difference of the multiple kernels, furtherly, attempt to align the feature distributions of the two domains on the basis of the adversarial domain adaptation model thereby improving the classification performance of the model.Lastly, to address the problem that remote sensing sample data is difficult to obtain and is often a subset of the actual application scenarios, which leads to unable to identify the new labels and poor generalization ability, we introduce the maximum classifier difference structure to adapt the cross-domain edge distributions and to emphasize the each domain's respective characteristics importance simultaneously. A series of extensive experiment results based on the UC Merced dataset, AID dataset and the NWPU-RESISC45 dataset are conducted to show that the proposed approach in this paper effectively improves the classification performance can be comparable with the methods of the state-of-the-art.
Relationship between the amplitudes of cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure during mild hypocapnia
Authors: Pelah Adam I. , Najdek Monika , Czosnyka Marek , Uryga Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

Purpose
The amplitude of the intracranial pressure pulse waveform (AMP) has been a focal point of current research. A pulsatile component with distinct morphology is also present in the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) signal. While the amplitude of the CBFV (AmpCBFV) has been used in indices like the pulsatility index, the relationship between AmpCBFV and AMP has not been established. This study aimed to investigate this relationship via a novel linear moving-window correlation index (RAMP) and a nonlinear joint symbolic analysis (JSA).
Methods
Twenty-nine traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, whose intracranial pressure (ICP) and CBFV were monitored, underwent mild hypocapnia to test cerebrovascular reactivity. RAMP was defined as a moving-window correlation between AmpCBFV and AMP. JSA transformed AmpCBFV and AMP into sequences of symbols (‘words’), using a binary scheme with word lengths of three.
Results
The mean AmpCBFV and AMP were not significantly correlated at baseline (r=-0.10) or during hypocapnia (r=-0.19). However, the RAMP index was significantly higher at baseline (0.64 ± 0.04) than during hypocapnia (0.57 ± 0.04, p = 0.035). Synchronisation in the AmpCBFV–AMP interaction, quantified by JSA, decreased during hypocapnia (0.35 ± 0.3) compared to baseline (0.44 ± 0.03; p = 0.004).
Conclusions
Our results indicate that while the mean AmpCBFV and AMP were not significantly correlated, either at baseline or during hypocapnia, significant changes were observed when the JSA and RAMP indicies, new parameters reflecting the association between the vascular and parenchymal intracranial compartments, were used. Further validation in a larger cohort is needed.
Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the major QTL qSW-A03 for seed weight in Brassica napus
Authors: Meng Jiangyu , Hu Dingxue , Wang Bin , Zhu Yuelin , Lu Chunyan , Deng Yan , Cai Huiying , Wang Baohua , He Yajun , Qian Wei
Published: November 2024

Seed weight is a determining factor for improving rapeseed productivity. In the present study, a high-density genetic map was constructed via genome resequencing in an RIL population derived from a cross of two rapeseed varieties, ZS11 and DL704, with great differences in thousand seed weight (TSW). A total of 1,306 bins involving 1,261,526 SNPs were used to construct the bin map. On the basis of the genetic map, QTL mapping for seed weight was performed. In total, 15 QTLs associated with TSW were detected. A major and stable QTL, qSW-A03, was mapped to a 2.8 cM interval on chromosome A03. Fine mapping delimited the qSW-A03locus into a 59-kb region, and 11 genes within this region were predicted. By employing a combination of gene variation, gene expression difference and gene coexpression network analysis of seed weight, BnaA03G0362100ZS (BnaDUF1666) was identified as a promising candidate gene. This study provides useful information for the genetic dissection of seed weight and promotes the molecular breeding of high-yield rapeseed.
Influence of Irregular Particle Shape on Volumetric Behaviour of DEM Materials in Rotational Shear Testing
Authors: ROZBROJ Jiří , HLOSTA Jakub , DIVIŠ Jan , NEČAS Jan , BARLETTA Diego , POLETTO Massimo , ŽUROVEC David , POKORNÁ Kamila , ZEGZULKA Jiří
Published: November 2024

The study investigates the effect of particle shape representation with various contact models on the calibration procedure via shear test. Experimental shear tests were performed using a Schulze Ring Shear Tester RST-01 using spherical and cubic particles. Pre-shear stress and vertical lid position were used for calibration. Hertz-Mindlin and Linear Spring contact models behaviour trends for preshear, vertical lid position, coordination number, porosity and particle shift angle were observed. The changes of the shear zone for different input parameters are show. The findings confirmed the necessity to observe not only the shear force but also the compression behaviour of the particles in the shear test calibration. The results clearly indicate that the position of the shear lid provides DEM users with an overview of the fundamental deformation behaviour during the shear process. The results highlighted fundamental differences between particle models, considering the changes in kinematics due to increased shear rate. The research is intended to provide DEM modellers with general information on which parameters are affected by changing the input data for each contact model and particle shape. These insights can enhance calibration procedures in both industrial and academic settings, serving as a foundation for optimizing DEM models and improving their accuracy.
Improving Job Satisfaction and Reducing Workplace Stress: A New Model of Organizational Support in Higher Education
Authors: Tara Anam Nazneen , Abid Muhammad Naseem
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the relationships among Perceived Organizational Support (POS), Workplace Stress (WPS), and Job Satisfaction (JS) among academic staff in Chinese universities. A cross-sectional survey involving 600 faculty members was conducted to assess the impact of POS on JS, while examining WPS as a mediating factor. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between POS and JS, indicating that higher levels of organizational support enhance job satisfaction. Furthermore, WPS was found to partially mediate this relationship, suggesting that increased POS can mitigate workplace stress, thereby improving job satisfaction. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing effective organizational support systems to foster faculty well-being and promote a positive work environment. Implications for university management practices are discussed, emphasizing the need for tailored support initiatives that address the unique challenges faced by academic staff in a competitive higher education landscape.
A DNN-based 5G MIMO System Adopting a Mix of Tactics
Authors: Islam Md. Ashraful , Ahmed Md. Firoz , Islam Md. Matiqul
Published: November 2024

The emergence of 5G technology necessitates advanced communication systems that can handle high data rates while providing improved reliability. However, current methods often struggle with issues related to complexity and efficiency. This paper addresses these challenges by developing a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system that integrates deep neural network (DNN) demappers, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) coding, and polar coding, creating a mix of tactics aimed at boosting performance in flat fading channel environments. The main objectives of this study are to improve the bit error rate (BER) and spectral efficiency across different orders of Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)—specifically, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, and 256-QAM. The proposed system employs a Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) equalizer to ensure effective signal detection. Simulation results indicate that the LDPC coding technique significantly outperforms polar coding across all evaluated QAM modulation orders, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing system performance. An analysis of BER and spectral efficiency demonstrates considerable reliability and data throughput improvements, making the MIMO system particularly well-suited for the demanding requirements of 5G applications. The findings suggest that integrating advanced coding strategies with neural demapping can effectively tackle the complexities introduced by the 5G environment. This research establishes a foundation for future studies and the development of robust communication systems capable of supporting the next generation of wireless technology, thereby enabling a wide range of applications, from enhanced mobile broadband to extensive IoT connectivity.
Communication among Nursing Students in South Korea: A Qualitative Content analysis
Authors: Kim Hyunju , Im Mihae
Published: November 2024

Background This study explores the characteristics and significance of communication for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with 10 participants and the data were analyzed using content analysis.Results Three main categories emerged: “Communication characteristics of nursing students,” “Communication process of nursing students,” and “The meaning of communication to nursing students.” Participants acknowledged that effective communication is crucial for nurses to understand and assist patients. They emphasized that nursing students must develop strong communication skills to prepare for their future roles as nurses.Conclusions The study highlights the importance of education, program development, and practical application to enhance communication competency among nursing students. Reinforcing these skills is seen as vital to the professional growth and readiness of nursing students by ensuring that they are able to provide high-quality patient care in their future careers.
Investigation of the Healthy Behaviors and Affecting Factors of a Study Group with Diabetic Spouses in a Case‒Control Study Design
Authors: Kut Rabia Esra , Vuraloğlu Emre , Kut Altug , İyidir Özlem Turhan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Although diabetes is clearly affected by environmental factors, few studies have investigated how the presence of this disease affects the microenvironment of diabetic individuals. This research was designed to understand whether people with a diabetic spouse would develop lifestyle changes by changing their perceptions of their health, which may change our understanding of educational activities aimed at the wider family.
METHODS
This randomized controlled retrospective case‒control study investigated patients who presented to the outpatient clinics of a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey, between 01/12/2020 and 30/05/2021. After applying the acceptance criteria, the spouses of 100 diabetic patients who presented to the outpatient clinics formed the study group, while on the same dates, 100 spouses of patients who did not have diabetes were selected by randomization and formed the control group. Data were collected via a face‒to‒face questionnaire. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
In our study, the blood glucose and blood pressure of healthy spouses of diabetic patients were measured more often. Additionally, the application of pneumococcal vaccination increased, and alcohol use decreased. Moreover, there were significant behavioral changes aimed at increasing their health status.
CONCLUSION
Our findings regarding behavioral changes were random and instinctive when not configured by a professional. Therefore, emphasis should be placed on the use of family-based approaches for diabetes management and treatment among couples with type 2 diabetes in primary care settings.
Comparison of Laparoscopic versus Robot- Assisted sugery for rectal cancer after neo- adjuvant therapy: a large volume single center experience
Authors: Zhu Heyuan , Zou Jingyu , Pan Hongfeng , Huang Ying , Chi Pan
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aims to assess the short- and long-term outcomes of rectal cancer patients undergoing robotic versus laparoscopic surgery after receiving neo-adjuvant therapy. There is a lack of clarity on this topic, necessitating a comprehensive comparison.
Method: Between January 2017 and December 2021, consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic and robotic rectal resection at a major public medical center were enrolled. All participants received neoadjuvant therapy before surgery. The primary objective of this study was to assess the sphincter preservation rate and the rate of conversion to open surgery, using propensity score matching analysis. Secondary endpoints included 5-year disease-free survival, 5-year overall survival, short-term postoperative complications, long-term oncological prognosis, and the occurrence of low anterior resection syndrome.
Result: A total of 575 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer participated in the cohort study, with 183 individuals undergoing robotic surgery and 392 undergoing laparoscopic surgery. Patients in the robotic group tended to be younger and had higher ypT, cT, and cN stages, lower tumor locations, and higher rates of extramural vascular invasionand circumferential resection margin positivity. Propensity score matching resulted in 183 patients in the robotic group and 187 in the laparoscopic group. We found a higher sphincter preservation rate in robotic group compared with laparoscopic group (92.9% vs 86.1%, P=0.033), with no significant difference in conversion to open surgery(P>0.05). The robotic group had a higher incidence of postoperative chylous ascites (4.9% vs 1.1%, P=0.029) and potentially lower sepsis occurrence (0% vs 1.6%, P=0.085). No significant differences were observed in long-term oncological prognosis or 5-year survival rates (P>0.05). The median survival time for each group was 34 months.
Conclusion: Robotic surgery for rectal cancer, following preoperative neo-adjuvant therapy, demonstrates comparable technical safety and oncological outcomes to laparoscopic surgery. Further comprehensive studies are needed to to confirm the potential advantages of robotic surgical interventions.
Unveiling the Unseen: Scrub Typhus with Myoclonic Status Epilepticus and MODS
Authors: Gan Xiaojin , Cai Xianbin , Xin Tangxin , Li Feng-E
Published: November 2024

Background: Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, poses a major public health threat in the Asia-Pacific region. The clinical manifestations of scrub typhus are variable, and without timely treatment, the disease may progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). This paper presents a case study of scrub typhus with myoclonic status epilepticus and MODS.
Case presentation: A 72-year-old Asian male with a medical history of schizophrenia was hospitalized following one week of persistent, involuntary bilateral limb jerking at awaking. Physical examination revealed an eschar on the left scrotum. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) confirmed the presence of Orientia tsutsugamushi. The patient was diagnosed with scrub typhus, presenting with myoclonic status epilepticus and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
Conlusion: In high-prevalence areas, physicians should carefully exclude scrub typhus in patients with neurological symptoms and acute febrile. illness. Timely and effective treatment is essential for curing the disease.
Loss of Roquin-1 enhances CXCR5+PD-1+Tfh cell differentiation by interfere AMPK function to enhance glycolysis in Neuromyelitis Optica
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Peidong , Li Ruoyu , Hu Huiru , Shen Ang , Xing Yanmeng , Zhu Wenping , Liu Hongbo
Published: November 2024

Background
Aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibody (AQP4-IgG) product by B cells is essential in Neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, some patients with immunosuppressive drugs persistently high AQP4-IgG titers, possibly owing to Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells can assist B cells in antibody production. Roquin-1 has been linked to the regulation of immune balance and plays an important role in the peripheral homeostasis of T cells. However, whether Roquin-1 can target Tfh cells differentiation in NMO mechanism remain unclear. Hence, in this study, we aim to explore the relationship between Roquin-1 and clinical characteristic in NMO, and whether Roquin-1 can target AMPK to regulates the CXCR5 + PD-1 + Tfh differentiation aggravate NMO progression.
Methods
We enrolled 71 NMO patients in this study, Clinical characteristics, MRI lesion counts in the spinal cord or brain, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, Roquin-1 expression levels, and the proportion of Tfh cells were recorded and analyzed in each group using cell flow assay and other studies. Then, to validate Roquin-1 ability, we knockout or overexpression the Roquin-1 along Tfh cell differentiation.
Results
In the acute phase, Roquin-1 mRNA expression was reduced, while in remission phase, it was increased compared to healthy controls. The proportion of CXCR5 + PD-1 + Tfh cells was higher in NMO patients than in controls, and there was a negative correlation between Tfh cells proportions and Roquin-1 expression. Roquin-1 expression was negatively correlated with the EDSS score and positive correlation between the percentage of Tfh cells and the EDSS score and MRI lesions. We found that Roquin-1 could affect Tfh cell function and ratio during Tfh cell differentiation, promoted the expression of glycolysis-related proteins by influencing the interaction between AMPK and mTOR, and improved the antibody secretion ability of B cells.
Conclusions
Our study elucidated the effect of Roquin-1 on Tfh cells in NMO and the corresponding protective mechanism in autoimmunity, explore the possible causes of immune imbalance in NMO mechanisms, thus aiming to provide novel insights into NMO pathogenesis.
The relevance of the parchment support in an Armenian Bible and two Gospels from the 17th century by micro-infrared spectroscopy and micro-ATR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Yang Tzu-Yi , Grigoryan Hermine , Nabais Paula , Melo Maria João , Kazarian Sergei G.
Published: November 2024

The study of the support of three magnificent Armenian manuscripts produced in the 17th century was driven because the possibility of paper support was considered. The Bible LA 152 and the Gospels LA 193 and LA 253 were made in the Armenian diaspora, in Crimea and Constantinople, respectively. Micro‑Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-ATR spectroscopic imaging proved that collagen was present with variable amounts of calcium carbonate in the Bible LA 152, Gospels LA 193, and LA 253. Furthermore, calcium carbonate is dominant in the Bible LA 152. Other compounds were also identified. In the Bible LA 152, a Si-O-based compound, and in Gospel LA 253, a cellulose-based material. The Si-O-based compound was detected both by ATR and transmission. It can be a glass compound applied as a powder, which needs to be further explored. The C-H region is highly relevant, as it opens up the possibility of using a tempera based on egg white for the two Gospels. This practical application of the research findings could have significant implications for future manuscript studies, underscoring the importance of this research and its potential to influence the practical aspects of manuscript production.
Goat Skin (Capra Aegagruss Erxleben, 1777): A Promising and Sustainable Source of Collagen
Authors: de Vasconcelos Jamile Maria Pereira Bastos Lira , Neri Robson Coelho de Araújo , de Barros Amanda Vieira , Silva Carlos Eduardo Sales da , Galindo Maria Cecília Ferreira , de Veras Bruno Oliveira , Bezerra Ranilson Souza , de Oliveira Maria Betânia Melo
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to extract and characterize collagen from solid untanned skin waste from the processing of leather in a Capra aegagrus tannery. Using pepsin (SPC), 37 grams of collagen were obtained from 100 grams of dry weight skin. Characterization took place using SDS-PAGE, FTIR and UV absorption techniques, identifying it as type I collagen. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum showed a peak at 238 nm. In the thermogram, the maximum transition temperature was 56º C. Using the electrophoresis technique, it was observed that SPC consists of band patterns formed by a γ chain, a β chain and two distinct α chains (α1 and α2). In the FTIR analysis, the collagen showed the absorption peaks for the amides, showing that the SPC extraction process maintained the integrity of the molecule. To observe the effect of NaCl concentration on the solubility of SPC, the collagen showed high solubility, up to a concentration of 2% NaCl. The solubility peak was observed at pH 4.0, with a sharp drop until pH 7.0, reaching its minimum point at pH 10. Scanning microscopy showed some irregular surfaces, cavities and fibrous structures, which may favor the application of collagen as a biomaterial. The zeta potential found the isoelectric point of collagen at pH = 6.61. These results indicate that the collagen obtained has a high level of structural integrity and can be applied as an alternative source, as well as adding value to a waste product that is often discarded in the environment.
Exosomal miR-184 Facilitates Bladder Cancer Progression by Targeting AKR1C3 and Inducing Immune Escape via IRF2-CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Ying Wenwei , Zhao Ying , He Yuhui , Deng Yisen , Gan Xiaoming , Li Peizhe , Chen Xing , Ding Zhenshan
Published: November 2024

Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer progression remain unclear. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used to treat bladder cancer, but their efficacy is limited. Exosomes, which play a critical role in cell communication, can alter the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of bladder cancer exosomes on the tumor microenvironment. Our research demonstrates a significant up-regulation of miR-184 in exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells. miR-184 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro and facilitates tumor growth in mice by targeting the 3’ UTR of AKR1C3 mRNA. Additionally, miR-184 targets IRF2 mRNA, reducing its transcriptional inhibition on CXCL10. This process induces the expression of CXCL10, which promotes the infiltration of CD8 + T cells into the tumor. However, these infiltrating T cells become exhausted. In summary, our study reveals that bladder cancer-derived exosomes deliver miR-184, which targets AKR1C3, contributing to bladder carcinogenesis and development. We also investigate how the IRF2-CXCL10 pathway induces T cell exhaustion and leads to immune escape. This research provides new insights into the immunotherapy of bladder cancer, highlighting potential molecular targets for more effective treatment strategies.
The comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of porcine immune tissues and the early peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immune dynamics reveal core immune genes
Authors: Zhao Qingyao , Wang Jiahao , Ma Fuping , Chen Quanzhen , Liu Huatao , Yang Jinyan , Chen Siqian , Tang Yongjie , Mi Siyuan , Wang Lulu , Wang Xini , Liu Guohong , Xing Kai , Yu ying , Wang Chuduan
Published: November 2024

Background: Viral diseases have profoundly influenced the sustainable development of the swine farming industry. The immune system of an organism is the source of disease resistance in livestock, consisting of various immune tissues, as well as the immune cells and cytokines they produce. However, comprehensive systematic studies on porcine immune tissues are still rare. Additionally, Poly(I:C) serves as a viral mimic and can be used to study the immune response of the body during virus infection.
Results: WGCNA analysis identified core immune genes across six immune tissues in Landrace pigs, which are also crucial for the development of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The examination of the changes in the proportion of immune cells during three developmental stages shows a shift from innate immunity to humoral immunity. By integrating different epigenetic genomics datasets, we identified several key core immune genes and their causal variants, including the IFI44 gene. Functional validation studies reveal that the IFI44 gene acts as a negative regulator of the antiviral response; its inhibition effect significantly reduced Poly(I:C)-induced cell necrosis, while enhancing apoptosis to combat viral infections.
Conclusion: Our study elucidated the fundamental transcriptional program in porcine immune tissues and the immunodynamics underlying development of PBMCs, identifying many core immune genes, including IFI44, which plays a critical negative regulator role in the antiviral response, providing valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing pig disease resistance.
Clinical application of the quantitative fetal heart quantification in the evaluation of right heart function in fetuses with redundancy foramen ovale flap
Authors: Su Xiao-rong , Wang Ai-lin , Tie Hong-xia , Yang Qiong-yu , Cao Shu-na , Li Tian-gang
Published: November 2024

Background
To investigate the clinical value of fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) in the evaluation of right ventricular size, morphology and cardiac function in fetuses with redundancy foramen ovale flap (RFOF).
Methods
31 fetuses diagnosed with RFOF through echocardiography from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the control group, and 62 healthy fetuses that matched the age and gestational period of the pregnant women in the RFOF group were chosen as the control group. Fetal HQ software provided by GE Voluson E10 was employed to automatically track endocardial parameters of the right ventricle in 24 segments.
Results
The internal diameter of foramen ovale in RFOF group was significantly smaller than that of normal fetal diameter in control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Comparing the morphological parameters of the fetuses in the RFOF group and the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the GSI scores (P > 0.05), but the RV-LED of the fetuses in the RFOF group in the segments of 1–24 were higher than the fetuses in the normal control group (both P < 0.05), and the RV-SI was lower than that in the normal control group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The Fetal HQ technique enables accurate localisation of the site of the RFOF foetal lesion by rapid quantitative analysis of morphological and functional parameters of the right ventricle of the foetal heart.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor biomarker is not a predictor of mortality in high-risk hip fracture patients
Authors: Avgerinos Konstantinos , Katsanos Spyridon , Altsitzioglou Pavlos , Zikopoulos Alexandros , Roustemis Anastasios , Konstantas Orestis , Zafeiris Ioannis , Soucacos Fotini , Serenidis Dimitrios , Mastrokalos Dimitrios , Koulalis Dimitrios , Mavrogenis Andreas
Published: November 2024

Background
The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (SuPAR) is a biomarker of inflammation and immune activation that has been related with mortality in a vast spectrum of diseases in the elderly. Its prognostic value in preoperative evaluation for non-cardiac surgery has been promising. However, up to date there are no studies in high-risk patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Therefore, we performed this prospective study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of SuPAR and other common clinical, echocardiographic and blood biomarkers for the 1 year survival of high-risk hip fracture surgery patients.
Methods
We studied 46 patients with hip fracture that underwent hip fracture surgery from 2019 to 2024. There were 10 men and 36 women, over 65 years of age (mean, 85 ± 8 years) with at least one high-risk characteristic (dementia, chronic immobilization, age > 90 years). Upon admission, complete clinical and laboratory assessments, including electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasonography, radiographs, and blood sampling were conducted. Serum blood levels of SuPAR as well as natriuretic peptides and troponin I were measured. The Katz index of frailty was calculated. The patients were followed for 1 year after admission and hip fracture surgery. At that time, the patients or their relatives were contacted through telephone, and their 1 year survival was documented.
Results
Overall, 25 (54.3%) patients were dead at 1 year examination. There was no significant difference in baseline values of SuPAR between patients dead or alive at follow up (6.30 ng/dl [range, 4.95–7.05 ng/dl] vs 6.25 ng/dl [4.25–9.05 ng/dl], respectively; p-value = 0.767], and SuPAR has not been related to 1-year mortality (HR: 0.802; 95% CI: 0.248–2.595; p-value = 0.712). The only univariate and multivariate predictors of survival were age (HR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.003–1.181; p = 0.041) and Katz Index ≤ 4 (HR: 4.490; 95% CI: 1.180-17.093; p = 0.028).
Conclusion
This study showed that SuPAR is not a predictive factor for 1-year mortality in high-risk patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Older age and Katz index score ≤ 4 were the only independent predictors of 1 year mortality. Therefore, SuPAR and similar biomarkers should not be considered in the evaluation of mortality in high-risk hip fracture patients.
Can a mountain goat hoof have mechanical intelligence to autonomously stop a slippage?
Authors: Kalogroulis Chris , Ranjan Alok , Hewett Jonah , Angelini Franco , Garabini Manolo , Nanayakkara Thrishantha
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the mechanical intelligence of a mountain goat-type hoof designed for passive dynamic slip resistance on inclined natural surfaces. We tested the hypothesis that specific mechanical features in the hoof can be tuned to leverage natural sloped terrain characteristics for slip reduction. We took a situated heuristics-based approach to iteratively design the hoof by conducting multiple rounds of experiments in an Alpine-type environment in the UK Peak District National Park. Experimental observations indicate that the combination of contact surface geometries and materials and direction-dependent compliance in different degrees of freedom in the hoof is crucial for reducing slip on slopes. Detailed indoor experiments at varying slope angles and load levels demonstrate that passive stick and slip episodes during slipping correlate with reduced slip distance following a forced slip from rest. Additionally, tests of different slope surfaces showed that the passive slip dynamics also depended on the mechanical properties of the slope itself. Overall, these results affirm that a situated heuristics-based design approach effectively builds mechanical intelligence in a robot, enabling it to optimize interactions with its environment for improved slip resistance.
Food Improvement Goals in Schools (FIGS I): A qualitative evaluation of a whole-school approach to healthy food provision in primary schools
Authors: Concha Natalia , Bryant Maria , Dezateux Carol , Scammell Katy , Brownell Rab , ODonoghue Mathilda , Singh Pratima , Hawking Meredith K.D.
Published: November 2024

Background
Free school meals offer a crucial safety net for children facing poverty and food insecurity. In the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in England, where over half of local children experience poverty, child-centred policies like universal free school meals have been implemented to support all children, regardless of family income. Despite World Health Organization recommendations for whole-school approaches to food, many schools have yet to implement them. The Food Improvement Goals in Schools I study, funded by ActEarly, evaluated the “Fantastic Food in Schools” programme, aiming to improve whole-school approaches to healthy food, including universal free school meals, in Tower Hamlets’ primary schools.
Methods
Informed by material, relational and symbolic factors, we explored how food provision and interventions were perceived and practiced in six primary schools. A focused ethnography was conducted over 210 hours across seven months in 2023, involving observations of interventions, sharing lunches with children and over 100 informal conversations. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 16 staff, 20 parents and 12 mini-groups with 43 children, using creative methods. Data were analysed thematically and interpreted through panels with community researchers.
Results
Universal free school meals were perceived to promote equity and health, particularly given the UK cost-of-living crisis. Child-centred interventions engaged children and families, encouraging healthy eating at school and at home. Schools served as spaces to explore food’s cultural significance, helping navigate the complexities of children’s preferences, familiarity, identities, healthier eating and needs in a diverse community. School menus improved, given collaborative efforts from catering services and kitchen staff. Yet, resource challenges and growing parental expectations to address systemic issues like food insecurity highlight the need for greater funding and policy-based support.
Conclusions
Universal free school meals and whole-school approaches to food can enable equitable cultural inclusion in diverse, urban areas like Tower Hamlets, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. However, these initiatives require increased funding and targeted financial incentives for schools to implement them effectively. Local authorities need the backing of educational policy to prioritise and secure the necessary resources to promote healthy eating and ensure equitable access to nutritious food for all children.
Examining experiences of gender identities, roles, and relations among men with same-gender sexual histories: Implications of gender nonconformity on access to quality healthcare in urban Ghana.
Authors: Nelson LaRon E. , Apreku Amos , Abu-Ba'are Gamji Rabiu , Dada Debbie , Foster Marcel , Stockton Melissa A. , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria A. , Kuffour Oneil Fahd Osei , Adjei Gilbert , Manu Adom , Torpey Kwasi , Nyblade Laura , Logie Carmen H.
Published: November 2024

Globally, MSM—experience severe health disparities, including an increased risk of HIV acquisition. In Ghana’s urban centers, these disparities are influenced by intersectional stigma related to sexuality and gender nonconformity, yet limited research exists on the role of gender in driving stigma in the day-to-day interactions of MSM. This study aimed to understand (1) the experiences of gender identity and roles among MSM in Ghana and (2) how these experiences of gender shape daily urban life in Ghanaian social interactions, including interpersonal interactions in healthcare settings. We conducted a qualitative description using secondary data generated from focus groups and in-depth interviews with adult MSM and health care workers in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We identified five factors that describe the experiences of gender roles, identities, and relations and identified one theme regarding the influence of gender on MSM daily life. First, understandings of gender roles were influenced by local binary gendered expectations regarding (1) appearance and presentation, (2) physical characteristics and personality traits, and (3) household and community responsibilities. The experience of gender identity was informed by perceptions of its (4) relationship to, or (5) independence from, physical anatomy. In Ghana, men’s gender nonconformity and its linkages to discrimination are complex, context dependent, and evolving. The interplay between gender nonconformity and same-gender sex stigma undermines access to quality health care threatens the well-being of Ghanaian MSM.
Chinese National Library Classification Number: TM933 Document Identification Code: A Electricity Metering Technology for Power Grid Terminals Considering Dual Carbon Clean Energy
Authors: CHENG Xingliang , Mingli ZHOU , LI Xiaojun , Tongyang ZOU , Siyu MEN , Lin CHEN
Published: November 2024

In response to the low efficiency of information collection and the lagging efficiency of fault diagnosis, this study constructed a power user electricity information collection system including terminal device layer, gateway interface layer, front-end processor, and front-end processor application layer. A data collector based on STM32F103RBT6 chip was designed, and edge devices were improved. The collection system has built-in monitoring and fault diagnosis functions, which can achieve external communication of various data and improve data collection capabilities. The experiment shows that the collection accuracy of the method in this study is 95%, which is 20% higher than the method in literature three.
Growing human-induced climate change footprint in regional weekly fire extremes
Authors: Feng Sifang , Zscheischler Jakob , Hao Zengchao , Bevacqua Emanuele
Published: November 2024

Wildfires cause large damage to natural and human systems. Despite the clear connection between human-induced climate change and increased fire weather risk, a global, systematic attribution of observed extreme fires to human-induced climate change is lacking. Here, we address this gap by first linking observed regional weekly burned area extremes (>85th percentile) to the fire weather index (FWI) during the fire seasons of 2002-2015 via a logistic regression model, and then using simulations from climate models to quantify the impact of human-induced climate change. Focusing on regions with good predictability of the statistical model, we find that human-induced climate change was responsible for a fraction equal to 8 % of the predicted probability of more than 700 regional fire extremes across regions on average, thereby increasing the probability of experiencing a fire extreme across 15 out of 19 analysed regions. While higher temperature is the main driver of the increased fire extreme probability, shifts in precipitation, relative humidity, and/or wind speed substantially modulated fire changes across many regions. Due to warming, the probability of extreme fires attributable to human-induced climate change increased by 5.2 %/decade globally over 2002-2015, indicating a recent acceleration of climate-driven enhancement of fire extremes that may continue in the near future. These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable fire management strategies.
Development of Ricinoleic acid-derived plasticizers and their utilization in poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Mohanty Jyoti Darsan , Mhaske S. T.
Published: November 2024

External plasticization technique is widely used to improve Polylactic Acid (PLA) processability and flexibility. The key to successful plasticization is the miscibility and diffusion of plasticizers to the polymer structure to ensure the long-term stability of the material. Many of the plasticizers used in polymer plasticization are synthetically derived and phthalate based, which are carcinogenic and can be leached out from the polymer at ambient temperature. The implication of the idea is to plasticize PLA with Ricinoleic acid-based derived ester and know its effect on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties. The properties were characterised through different analytical techniques like UTM, TGA, DSC, FT-IR, and Parallel Plate Rheometer. Ricinoleic acid-based ester and Ricinoleic-Benzoic acid-based ester are synthesized from Ricinoleic acid, Benzoic acid, and Trimethylolpropane. The extent of the Reaction is confirmed by comparing its actual and theoretical acid values. Ester formation was confirmed by using FT-IR analysis. 1H NMR is performed to verify the Reaction and structure of the compound. Ricinoleic ester (RE) and Benzoic Ricinoleic ester (BRE) show more excellent stability in viscosity at Blending temperature with PLA. The loading of BRE and RE plasticizer in (phr) into the PLA, Benzoic-Ricinoleic Triester (BRE), offers more excellent compatibility than the Ricinoleic Triester (RE). Both synthesized plasticizers are compatible with PLA and provide effective Plasticization.