bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital transformation in Vietnam: the impacts on external auditors and their practices
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Thi , Kend Michael , Le Dung Quang
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore some perceptions related to the suggestion that external auditors will be replaced by audit technologies that use artificial intelligence (AI) tools to make audit judgements when performing the financial statement audits. Digital transformation is revitalising the technologies used by external auditors and their firms; thus, the authors seek to understand what challenges this creates for the auditing profession in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

Through the theoretical lens of new institutionalism theory, this study uses a qualitative approach involving 20 semi-structured interviews conducted with external auditors in Vietnam during 2022. This sample includes the global Big Four, global mid-tier and smaller local Vietnamese audit firms.

Findings

The findings indicate that there is resistance or disagreement with the suggestion that in the future audit technologies using AI tools can replace humans (external auditors). The role of external auditors in the professional services sector will gradually be changed by audit technologies; however, external auditors are unlikely to be replaced by audit technologies that use AI tools based on the responses of the participants. Strict institutional rules that exist in Vietnam would prevent the replacement of (human) external auditors. In the future, external auditors may take on new roles as consultants, with unique skills in classifying and processing data for decision-making processes; however, they will not be completely replaced by technology in the audit space.

Research limitations/implications

This study has limitations that it is based on the data collection from a single developing country, Vietnam; therefore, the generalisability of the findings is limited to Vietnam. Also, the authors sought insights into the future of external audits in Vietnam.

Practical implications

This study highlights the changing role of auditors and institutions. Thus, policymakers, external auditors and auditees in other developing countries would find the findings helpful.

Originality/value

This study provides new perspectives, particularly from local Vietnamese firms, about audit practices that emerge due to high-level technological advancements and then embed themselves into existing audit practices in an emerging economy. Prior studies tended to focus on the global Big Four firms, thus this study contributes by sharing the perceptions of the smaller practitioners also.
A critical review of wheel/rail high frequency vibration-induced vibration fatigue of railway bogie in China
Authors: Wu Xingwen , Zhang Zhenxian , Cai Wubin , Yang Ningrui , Jin Xuesong , Wang Ping , Wen Zefeng , Chi Maoru , Liang Shuling , Huang Yunhua
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This review aims to give a critical view of the wheel/rail high frequency vibration-induced vibration fatigue in railway bogie.

Design/methodology/approach

Vibration fatigue of railway bogie arising from the wheel/rail high frequency vibration has become the main concern of railway operators. Previous reviews usually focused on the formation mechanism of wheel/rail high frequency vibration. This paper thus gives a critical review of the vibration fatigue of railway bogie owing to the short-pitch irregularities-induced high frequency vibration, including a brief introduction of short-pitch irregularities, associated high frequency vibration in railway bogie, typical vibration fatigue failure cases of railway bogie and methodologies used for the assessment of vibration fatigue and research gaps.

Findings

The results showed that the resulting excitation frequencies of short-pitch irregularity vary substantially due to different track types and formation mechanisms. The axle box-mounted components are much more vulnerable to vibration fatigue compared with other components. The wheel polygonal wear and rail corrugation-induced high frequency vibration is the main driving force of fatigue failure, and the fatigue crack usually initiates from the defect of the weld seam. Vibration spectrum for attachments of railway bogie defined in the standard underestimates the vibration level arising from the short-pitch irregularities. The current investigations on vibration fatigue mainly focus on the methods to improve the accuracy of fatigue damage assessment, and a systematical design method for vibration fatigue remains a huge gap to improve the survival probability when the rail vehicle is subjected to vibration fatigue.

Originality/value

The research can facilitate the development of a new methodology to improve the fatigue life of railway vehicles when subjected to wheel/rail high frequency vibration.
Leveraging inter-organizational agility for innovation
Authors: Fasnacht Daniel , Proba Daniel
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Dissolving industry boundaries, coupled with an increasing need for collaboration and mutual adaptation, necessitates the adoption of diverse innovation concepts and flexible management practices. While organizations are striving to be agile and receptive, prioritizing flexibility over meticulous planning, the strategies required to achieve these outcomes remain underdeveloped.

Design/methodology/approach

Between 2019 and 2022, 100 peer-reviewed papers were reviewed to identify 68 agile practices, forming the basis for the classification. A conceptual-to-empirical approach led to the framework's development, involving 40 expert interviews and nine focus groups with participants from different countries from 2020 to 2023. These interactions validated the framework's dimensions and real-world applicability.

Findings

The study revealed that inter-organizational agility serves as a catalyst, effectively harmonizing open and frugal innovation to address market and customer constraints. This framework offers managers a valuable tool for navigating uncertainties and ambiguities and creating and capturing value within open innovation ecosystems that go beyond transient competitive advantages.

Practical implications

The case study suggests co-innovation and bricolage as novel managerial capabilities that foster innovation, mainly when supported by inter-organizational agility. It provides insights into distinguishing between various forms of agility through a multidimensional framework.

Originality/value

The study provided crucial insights into the necessity for agility in complex and uncertain environments. Through the integration of frugal and open innovation approaches in co-innovation, inter-organizational agility is presented as a framework for achieving both transient competitive advantage and sustainable innovation power.
Middle school educators’ experiences in a cross-institutional professional development model for enhancing writing instruction
Authors: Rogers Leslie , Burke Megan , Laud Leslie , Herricks Rebecca
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper explores a five-year case example of two educators engaged in practice-based professional development (PBPD) for the Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model in a middle school. It examines the transformative effects and challenges of improving writing instruction, the activities involved and alternative PBPD delivery methods. Highlighting a collaborative effort between an institute of higher education (IHE), a middle school and ThinkSRSD, a PBPD for SRSD developer, the example underscores the long-term benefits and innovative insights into engaging with PBPD for SRSD over multiple years.

Design/methodology/approach

The case involves analyzing survey data collected over five years. These surveys, which included specific SRSD-related queries and open-ended questions, were instrumental in assessing the evolution of the educators’ perceptions regarding SRSD and their engagement with PBPD. Additionally, the paper details PBPD activities as documented in a research journal, providing a comprehensive account of the developmental process.

Findings

Through a cross-institutional partnership, two middle school general educators participated in PBPD for SRSD for 30 h across five years. Their engagement with PBPD progressed from initial introduction and implementation to facilitating PBPD for SRSD among peers and at the national level. Over time, the most consistently enacted SRSD action was “memorize it,” while actions such as “discuss it,” “support it” and “independent performance” showed greater variability. Both educators consistently praised SRSD and sought continued PBPD engagement over the five years.

Originality/value

Our case example is the first five-year analysis of PBPD for SRSD among general middle school educators, highlighting the benefits and challenges of adopting evidence-based writing instruction. Our example emphasizes the need for continuous and focused professional development in areas crucial for student success, including self-regulation, prewriting strategies and techniques for fostering independent performance. Moreover, the two middle school educators’ critical feedback is invaluable for refining PBPD for SRSD. This work also enriches professional development schools (PDS) literature by offering effective strategies to support middle school teachers in developing a vibrant writing community, a cornerstone for student advancement in writing.
Occupational Performance Coaching for parents of picky eaters: A mixed methods study
Authors: Chilman Laine B. , Meredith Pamela J. , Southon Nicole , Kennedy‐Behr Ann , Frakking Thuy , Swanepoel Libby , Verdonck Michèle
Published: March 2024

Background/Aim

Picky eating is a common childhood phenomenon that impacts many families' occupations surrounding mealtimes. Evidence of the effectiveness of Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) for caregivers of children suggests it may represent a useful occupation‐focused intervention for parents of picky eaters. Using an OPC‐targeted intervention, this study aims to report preliminary effectiveness, explore the experience of parents' participation, and investigate factors that influence the OPC intervention.

Methods

This study used an explanatory mixed‐method design. Parent participants (n = 8) were recruited via purposive sampling and engaged in three sessions of OPC delivered via an online platform between October and December 2022. Standardised assessments were completed before and after OPC and a qualitative semi‐structured interview two weeks after the final OPC session. Variables were analysed descriptively, and independent t tests were performed to compare scores on each standardised assessment pre‐ and post‐intervention. Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted to consider associations between resistance to change and the extent of change in each outcome measure. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted on postintervention interview transcripts.

Consumer and Community Involvement

Consumer invovlement was limited to parents feedback on their experiences of the intervention.

Results

Improvements in occupational performance as measured by the COPM change score were statistically significant (p = <0.001). Child eating behaviours, as measured by the CEBQ Food Fussiness subscale change score (p = 0.01) and BPFAS change score (p = 0.02), demonstrated significant improvements. The extent to which parents viewed these behaviours as problematic as measured by the BPFAS problem change score, showed a significant reduction (p = <0.001). Three themes emerged from interviews with parents: small changes beyond nutrition, parents supported as the experts, and what parents value within an intervention.

Conclusion

Targeted OPC intervention delivered online by an occupational therapist may be an effective intervention for parents of picky eaters. Future studies using randomised controls are required before OPC can be routinely recommended in a clinical setting for the management of picky eating in children.
The Local Press and the BBC
Authors: Cairncross Frances
Published: March 2024

The decline in local newspapers is leading to a local news ‘desert’, where there is little or no coverage of important local issues like policing, court cases and council politics. At present, the BBC attempts to fill some of the gap by paying for ‘local democracy reporters’ who work for private local media companies, but this creates tensions and is not a sustainable solution. This article argues that granting small local media organisations charitable status, as in the United States, would also be problematic. Instead, it advocates an independent ‘Local Press Council’.
Keeping Democracies Alive: The Role of Public Service Media
Authors: Moore Martin
Published: March 2024

Across the world, public service media faces a legion of simultaneous threats—to its funding, its distribution, its value and its independence. These threats come at a time when the fundamental purpose of public service media—to provide high quality, verified, and impartial news and information—could not be more consequential. As our digital spaces become epistemological junkyards, cluttered with bot‐inflated, AI‐generated text and clickbait content, so the public need for stable, grounded and verified media intensifies. In such a chaotic information environment, one might have expected that the UK government would enhance its commitment to public service media. Instead, successive UK governments have undermined its sustainability, reputation and future.
A meta‐analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury in pneumonia: Effectiveness of nursing interventions
Authors: Yuan Liangjuan , Mehmood Arshad , Meng Lei
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) worldwide since November 2019 is of interest to understand its impact on various organs. COVID‐19 patients experience a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with non‐COVID‐19 patients.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted that covered the period from November 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021.

Results

The analysis incorporated a comprehensive review of 19 studies of 21 362 patients. The older age (mean difference [MDs] = 5.11), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.55), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 3.82), hypertension (OR = 2.15), diabetes (OR = 1.71), cancer (OR = 1.16), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 1.40), mechanical ventilation (OR = 8.66), and vasopressor (OR = 6.30), were significantly associated with risk factor for AKI (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The analysis revealed independent risk factors for AKI.
Loss of ceramide synthase 5 inhibits the development of experimentally induced aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Reese Laurine , Niepmann Sven Thomas , Düsing Philip , Hänschke Lea , Beiert Thomas , Zimmer Sebastian , Nickenig Georg , Bauer Reinhard , Jansen Felix , Zietzer Andreas
Published: March 2024

Aim

Inflammation and calcification are hallmarks in the development of aortic valve stenosis (AVS). Ceramides mediate inflammation and calcification in the vascular tissue. The highly abundant d18:1,16:0 ceramide (C16) has been linked to increased cardiovascular mortality and obesity. In this study, we investigate the role of ceramide synthase 5 (CerS5), a critical enzyme for C16 ceramide synthesis, in the development of AVS, particularly in conjunction with a high‐fat/high‐cholesterol diet (Western diet, WD).

Methods

We used wild‐type (WT) and CerS5−/− mice on WD or normal chow in a wire injury model. We measured the peak velocity to determine AVS development and performed histological analysis of the aortic valve area, immune cell infiltration (CD68 staining), and calcification (von Kossa). In vitro experiments involved measuring the calcification of human aortic valvular interstitial cells (VICs) and evaluating cytokine release from THP‐1 cells, a human leukemia monocytic‐like cell line, following CerS5 knockdown.

Results

CerS5−/− mice showed a reduced peak velocity compared to WT only in the experiment with WD. Likewise, we observed reduced immune cell infiltration and calcification in the aortic valve of CerS5−/− mice, but only on WD. In vitro, calcification was reduced after knockdown of CerS5 in VICs, while THP‐1 cells exhibited a decreased inflammatory response following CerS5 knockdown.

Conclusion

We conclude that CerS5 is an important mediator for the development of AVS in mice on WD and regulates critical pathophysiological hallmarks of AVS formation. CerS5 is therefore an interesting target for pharmacological therapy and merits further investigation.
A reciprocal association between interpersonal relationship quality and student's positive affect: A three‐wave random intercept cross‐lagged study in a Chinese primary mathematics learning context
Authors: Cui Tianxue , Liu Qimeng , Shen Nan
Published: March 2024

Aim

This study adopted a three‐wave random intercept cross‐lagged panel model to explore the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between (a) the teacher–student relationship (TSR) quality and (b) the parent–child relationship (PCR) quality and positive affect among Chinese primary school students.

Samples

Two primary school student samples, including 3505 and 2505 students, were tracked with their perceived relationship quality with math teachers and parents and their positive affect levels in mathematics learning over three academic years.

Results

The results demonstrated that more closeness with parents could significantly predict students' subsequent higher level of positive affect in mathematics learning. However, more closeness with their math teachers did not show significant prediction. Meanwhile, more conflict with math teachers and parents could significantly predict their subsequent lower degree of perceived positive affect in mathematics learning. That is, a reciprocal association lines in the PCR quality and positive affect, whereas only a unidirectional association exists between the TSR and positive affect. The predictions of the experienced positive affect on their perceived interpersonal relationships with math teachers and parents were stronger than those in the reverse association.

Conclusions

This study identifies that while the effects of closeness with math teachers and parents on positive affect in students' math learning differ, conflict with math teachers and parents indeed harms students' experienced positive affect in math learning. More attention should also be paid to fostering positive affect in math learning.
Identification of barriers to implementation of precision oncology in patients with rare cancers
Authors: Takamizawa Shigemasa , Koyama Takafumi , Sunami Kuniko , Sudo Kazuki , Hirata Makoto , Kubo Takashi , Tao Kayoko , Cho Hourin , Narita Yoshitaka , Kato Ken , Yamazaki Naoya , Ohe Yuichiro , Okusaka Takuji , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Ogawa Chitose , Yonemori Kan , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: March 2024

Established treatment options for rare cancers are limited by the small number of patients. The current comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) testing might not fully exploit opportunities for precision oncology in patients with rare cancers. Therefore, we aimed to explore the factors associated with CGP testing utility in rare cancers and identify barriers to implementing precision oncology. Patients who underwent CGP testing at our institution between September 2019 and June 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Based on their results, the patients received molecularly targeted drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitors. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluated the association between patient characteristics and the proportion of patients receiving molecularly targeted drugs. Overall, 790 patients underwent CGP testing. Among them, 333 patients with rare cancers were identified, of whom 278 (83.5%) had actionable genomic alterations, 127 (38.1%) had druggable genomic alterations, and 25 (7.5%) received genomically matched therapy. The proportion of patients receiving molecularly targeted drugs was significantly higher among those with treatment options with evidence levels A–D (8.7%) than those without treatment options with evidence levels A–D (2.9%). A potential barrier to CGP testing utility in rare cancers is the limited number of molecularly targeted drugs with clinical evidence. We propose that CGP testing be performed in patients with rare cancers who have treatment options with evidence levels A–D to maximize CGP testing utility in real‐world practice.
Efficacy of 300 IR house dust mite immunotherapy as a function of disease activity: Tertile analysis in clinical trials
Authors: Devillier Philippe , Demoly Pascal , Gentil Catherine , Bergmann Karl‐Christian , Casale Thomas B. , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Pfaar Oliver
Published: March 2024

Background

The symptoms of house dust mite (HDM)‐induced allergic rhinitis (AR) vary with changes in exposure related to the weather or the domestic environment. In allergen immunotherapy (AIT) studies, a certain level of AR disease activity is necessary to demonstrate treatment efficacy; the latter can be underestimated if a substantial proportion of the patient population is weakly symptomatic.

Objective

To better estimate the real treatment effect of a HDM sublingual AIT (SLIT) tablet, we analysed the results of natural field studies in detail by applying a tertile approach.

Methods

We used data from three randomised, controlled trials (RCT) in a total of 2585 patients with AR treated with the 300 index of reactivity (IR) HDM SLIT‐tablet or placebo. The study centres were grouped into tertiles according to the level of combined symptom and medication scores in patients in the placebo group. In each tertile, the difference between SLIT and placebo was assessed through an analysis of covariance.

Results

In the three RCTs, combined scores were found to be similar in the SLIT and placebo groups in the low tertiles. The treatment effect of the 300 IR HDM tablet increased in the medium and high tertiles, with notably significant differences versus placebo in the highest tertile and greater (ranging from −21% to −39%) than in the entire study population (−13% to −20%). The positive relationship between treatment efficacy and the combined score in each tertile was independent of the RCT and the score used.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Application of the tertile approach to AIT studies in a field in which many variables interact strongly might provide more accurate and meaningful measurements of efficacy and benefit for patients, better reflecting their real‐life condition.
Tracing the path of disruption: 13C isotope applications in traumatic brain injury‐induced metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Peper Charles J. , Kilgore Mitchell D. , Jiang Yinghua , Xiu Yuwen , Xia Winna , Wang Yingjie , Shi Mengxuan , Zhou Di , Dumont Aaron S. , Wang Xiaoying , Liu Ning
Published: March 2024

Cerebral metabolic dysfunction is a critical pathological hallmark observed in the aftermath of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as extensively documented in clinical investigations and experimental models. An in‐depth understanding of the bioenergetic disturbances that occur following TBI promises to reveal novel therapeutic targets, paving the way for the timely development of interventions to improve patient outcomes. The 13C isotope tracing technique represents a robust methodological advance, harnessing biochemical quantification to delineate the metabolic trajectories of isotopically labeled substrates. This nuanced approach enables real‐time mapping of metabolic fluxes, providing a window into the cellular energetic state and elucidating the perturbations in key metabolic circuits. By applying this sophisticated tool, researchers can dissect the complexities of bioenergetic networks within the central nervous system, offering insights into the metabolic derangements specific to TBI pathology. Embraced by both animal studies and clinical research, 13C isotope tracing has bolstered our understanding of TBI‐induced metabolic dysregulation. This review synthesizes current applications of isotope tracing and its transformative potential in evaluating and addressing the metabolic sequelae of TBI.
Respiratory muscles's thermographic analysis in asthmatic youth with and without bronchospasm induced by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea
Authors: Santos Camila M. de A. , Quirino Polyanna G. C. , Rizzo José Â. , Medeiros Décio , Ferreira José J. de A. , Costa Manoel da C. , Gaua Nádia , Freya Bayne , Martins Marcelle de O. , Junior Marco A. C. V.
Published: March 2024

Objective

To compare the thermographic pattern of regions of interest (ROI) of respiratory muscles in young asthmatics with and without bronchospasm induced by eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH).

Materials and Methods

Cross‐sectional study carried out with 55 young (55% male and 45% females) aged 12.5 ± 3.3 years, divided in nine nonasthmatics, 22 asthmatics without exercise‐induced bronchospasm compatible response (EIB‐cr) and 24 asthmatics with EIB‐cr. The diagnosis of EIB was given to subjects with a fall in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) ≥ 10% compared to baseline. Thermographic recordings of respiratory muscles were delimited in ROI of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), pectoral, and rectus abdominis intention area. Thermal captures and FEV1 were taken before and 5, 10, 15 and 30 min after EVH.

Results

Twenty‐four (52.1%) of asthmatics had EIB‐cr. There was a decrease in temperature at 10 min after EVH test in the SCM, pectoral and rectus abdominis ROIs in all groups (both with p < 0.05). There was a decrease in temperature (% basal) in asthmatic with EIB‐cr compared to nonasthmatics in the rectus abdominis area (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

There was a decrease in temperature in the ROIs of different muscle groups, especially in asthmatics. The greater drop in FEV1 observed in individuals with EIB‐cr was initially associated with a decrease in skin temperature, with a difference between the nonasthmatics in the abdominal muscle area. It is likely that this decrease in temperature occurred due to a temporary displacement of blood flow to the most used muscle groups, with a decrease in the region of the skin evaluated in the thermography.
First evidence of recruitment in critically endangered Galápagos pink land iguanas (Conolophus marthae)
Authors: Garizio Lorenzo , Gargano Marco , Colosimo Giuliano , Gratton Paolo , Gerber Glenn Philip , Lewbart Gregory , Sevilla Christian , Gentile Gabriele
Published: March 2024

We present the first estimate of population dynamics parameters for critically endangered Galápagos pink land iguanas, Conolophus marthae, leveraging mark‐recapture data collected between 2006 and 2021. Demographic parameters were estimated using the POPAN formulation of the Jolly–Seber model. This approach provided a solid and robust estimate, consolidating the results obtained from previous estimates based on the Lincoln–Petersen method evaluating only two sampling occasions. Our results suggest that the abundance of males was higher than that of females at each sampling occasion, probably due to differences in sex‐specific behavior during the reproductive season. Our analyses also provide no evidence of a change in population size during the sampling period, estimated at 150–270 adult individuals, while suggesting positive entry rates. Finally, by comparing the biometric features of first‐captured versus recaptured iguanas, we found that the former have more juvenile‐like characteristics (i.e., they are, on average, smaller) than the latter. Although juvenile pink iguanas have rarely been recorded (only four sampled juvenile‐like individuals in over 16 years of field work), our combined results provide the first clear indication that the only known C. marthae population actively recruits new members from younger age classes. Such recruitment may have prevented any measurable population decline in the last 16 years, but it was also not sufficient to clearly increase the population size. These results are of the utmost importance for the conservation of this species. They will guide future high‐priority actions: (i) aiming at increasing population size by removing or mitigating threats and (ii) increasing the number of individuals by implementing a headstart program and/or founding a second viable population, as identified in the recently published IUCN Conservation and Management Plan.
A2/A2B to B kidney transplantation outcomes: A single center 7‐year experience
Authors: El Chediak Alissar , Shawar Saed , Fallahzadeh Mohammad K. , Forbes Rachel , Schaefer Heidi M. , Feurer Irene D. , Rega Scott , Triozzi Jefferson L. , Shaffer David
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Data on long‐term outcomes following A2/A2B to B kidney transplants since the 2014 kidney allocation system (KAS) changes are few. The primary aim of this study is to report our 7‐year experience with A2/A2B to B kidney transplants and to compare post‐transplant outcomes of A2/A2B to a concurrent group of B to B kidney transplants. Additionally, the study evaluates the impact of pre‐transplant anti‐A1 titers on survival outcomes in A2/A2B transplants.

Methods

This retrospective, single‐center analysis included all adults who received A2/A2B to B deceased donor kidney transplants from December 2014 to June 2021 compared to B to B recipients. The effects of pre‐transplant IgM/IgG titers, stratified as ≤1:8 and ≥1:16, on death‐censored, rejection‐free, and overall graft survival were tested.

Results

Fifty‐three A2/A2B and 114 B to B adults were included with a median follow‐up time of 32 months. Overall graft survival, patient survival, and rejection‐free graft survival did not differ between the two groups. There were no differences between the groups’ overall kidney function values (p > .80) or their temporal trajectories (time by group interaction p > .11). Unadjusted death‐censored graft survival was lower in A2/A2B to B compared to B recipients (p = .03), but the effect was not significant (p = .195) after adjusting for any readmissions (p = .96), rejection episodes (p < .001) or BK infection (p = .76). We did not detect an effect of pre‐transplant titer group on death‐censored (p = .59), rejection‐free (p = .61), or overall graft survival (p = .26)

Conclusions

A2/A2B to B kidney transplants have comparable overall patient and graft survival, rejection‐free graft survival, and longitudinal renal function compared to B to B transplants at our center. Allograft survival outcomes were not significantly different between patients with low and high pre‐transplant anti‐A1 IgM/IgG titers.
Environmental correlates with fish assemblage change and biotic homogenization across 40 years in an Ozark, Gravel‐Bed river basin
Authors: Gavrielides George , Adams Ginny L. , Adams S. Reid , Connolly Matthew H.
Published: March 2024

Fish assemblages in freshwater ecosystems are becoming more homogenous from multiple abiotic, environmental, and physicochemical variables at different scales. Historical fish collections (1976–1977) by Billy Michael Johnson and Dr. Johnson K. Beadles were compared to contemporary fish collections (2018–2019) in tributaries of the Eleven Point River basin in Arkansas to examine patterns of fish assemblage change. Fish assemblage change variables were compared to pasture land use/land cover (LULC) at multiple scales and in‐stream habitat variables to understand relationships and discover potential correlates suggesting biotic homogenization. Fish assemblages in the Eleven Point River basin of Arkansas have experienced significant spatiotemporal changes, and LULC change and habitat alterations may have influenced this process. Increased tolerant species and decreased intolerant species at sites contributed to biotic homogenization, particularly in pool habitats. Surprisingly, expansion of some intolerant fishes was also observed that tend to occupy riffles. Sites with high percentages of pasture LULC at finer spatial scales typically had more homogenised fish assemblages. We hypothesized gravel aggradation from local pasture land use has degraded pools and increased riffle habitat, resulting in homogenised fish assemblages in the Eleven Point River basin over the study period. Few studies link LULC, in‐stream habitat, and biotic homogenization when examining fish assemblage change over time, and these dynamics can be particularly complex in upland streams experiencing gravel aggradation. Similar research in other upland, gravel‐bed river systems would provide a broad understanding of the presented environmental associations.
The road less travelled: Exploring the reluctance of vocational students towards higher education in Portugal
Authors: Tavares Orlanda , Antunes Maria João , Sá Carla , Luz Ana Rita
Published: March 2024

Despite rising participation rates in Portugal, a gap persists between general and vocational upper secondary students' transition to higher education (HE). This study employs a qualitative methodology, specifically through content analysis of focus group discussions, to explore the factors influencing vocational students' reluctance towards higher education, amidst specific policies designed to aid their transition. Empirical findings suggest that vocational students may exhibit reservations stemming from self‐perceived academic deficiencies, impacting their self‐confidence in continuing their education at a HE level. Nevertheless, confidence in market‐valued practical skills might motivate HE consideration within a vocational domain. Their practical focus also makes HE seem less immediately applicable in the labour market. Many prioritise integration into the workforce for short‐run objectives, seeking breaks, experience and financial earnings. Aiming for earning and practicality, many lean towards the labour market over HE, even considering emigrating to achieve financial stability. The study emphasises the need for Portuguese educational policies to align vocational training with HE, supporting diverse student ambitions and holistic career paths.
Steve Brown's legacy: Tools to study the individual human molecular circadian clock and its regulation
Authors: Gachon Frédéric
Published: March 2024

Since the discovery of the genetic origin of the circadian clock in Drosophila melanogaster by Konopka and Benzer in 1971, most of the research about the regulation of the molecular circadian clock relies on laboratory models. Additional models such as Cyanobacteria, Neurospora crassa, Arabidopsis and rodents helped chronobiologists to describe the species‐specific molecular clocks and their regulation. However, the lack of tools and the difficulty to access biological samples somehow excluded human from this research landscape outside behavioural research. Among many other impressive achievements, Steve Brown provided to the community of chronobiologists new tools and strategies to study the individual human circadian clock and its regulation.
Hybridization mediated range expansion and climate change resilience in two keystone tree species of boreal forests
Authors: Karunarathne Piyal , Zhou Qiujie , Lascoux Martin , Milesi Pascal
Published: March 2024

Current global climate change is expected to affect biodiversity negatively at all scales leading to mass biodiversity loss. Many studies have shown that the distribution of allele frequencies across a species' range is often influenced by specific genetic loci associated with local environmental variables. This association reflects local adaptation and allele changes at those loci could thereby contribute to the evolutionary response to climate change. However, predicting how species will adapt to climate change from this type of data alone remains challenging. In the present study, we combined exome capture sequences and environmental niche reconstruction, to test multiple methods for assessing local adaptation and climate resilience in two widely distributed conifers, Norway spruce and Siberian spruce. Both species are keystone species of the boreal forest and share a vast hybrid zone. We show that local adaptation in conifers can be detected through allele frequency variation, population‐level ecological preferences, and historical niche movement. Moreover, we integrated genetic and ecological information into genetic offset predictive models to show that hybridization plays a central role in expanding the niche breadth of the two conifer species and may help both species to cope better with future changing climates. This joint genetic and ecological analysis also identified spruce populations that are at risk under current climate change.
Root caries in older adults: A co‐citation network analysis (1980–2023)
Authors: Su Wen‐Song , Chang Ching‐Yi
Published: March 2024

Background

Root caries affect the oral health and quality of life of older adults. This study examines the breadth of global research on this topic, aiming to clarify its expansive scope and to shed light on pertinent trends for new researchers in the field.

Objective

To identify key advances in root caries research as highlighted in high‐quality articles from the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) as well as to explore emerging trends and perspectives.

Materials and Methods

Using the Web of Science (WoS) database, we conducted a comprehensive review of articles related to root caries in older adults. Our focus was on finding high‐quality SSCI articles, identifying major contributors, journals and research trends and exploring areas such as dentistry, oral surgery and medicine for potential future research.

Results

Our analysis included 192 articles, each of which was subjected to bibliometric and VOS viewer evaluations. The results revealed a concentration of studies in dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, with gaps identified in areas like anthropology, biochemistry, molecular biology and chemistry. A notable deficiency was found in root caries management.

Conclusion

We discuss research gaps and propose future directions based on our findings, emphasising interdisciplinary research approaches.
Syenites
Authors: Brooks Kent
Published: March 2024

Syenites are felsic plutonic igneous rocks characterized by the lack of quartz (<5 percent) or feldspathoids (<10 percent), although quartz syenites have 5–20 percent quartz. Typically they consist of feldspars, predominantly alkali feldspar with minor ferromagnesian minerals, usually pyroxene, amphibole or biotite. Syenites are overwhelmingly rocks of extensional environments and generally occur in areas of continental rifting, such as the African Rift Valley, and also on oceanic islands, such as the Canary archipelago. The extrusive equivalent of syenite is trachyte. As examples, we will look at two plutonic complexes containing syenites: the little‐known Kangerlussuaq intrusion in East Greenland and the more familiar Larvik Plutonic Complex in the Oslo region of Norway. Syenites occur in association with both oversaturated (quartz syenites and granites) and foid‐bearing rocks (typically nepheline syenites). Agpaitic syenites are highly evolved types with titano‐zircono‐silicates such as eudialyte. Syenites find use as dimension stones and countertops.
Fabrication of silicon nitride with high thermal conductivity and flexural strength by hot‐pressing flowing sintering
Authors: Li Jianbin , Jiang Qiangguo , Pan Zhifeng , Lv Donglin , Wu Shanghua
Published: March 2024

The silicon nitride (Si3N4) possessing enhanced thermal conductivity and flexural strength was sintered by a hot‐pressing flowing sintering (HPFS) method. The effects of extrusion deformation and sintering additives on the density, phase, microstructure, and performances of Si3N4 fabricated by HPFS were investigated. As the strain increased from 67% to 167%, the mean grain diameter of Si3N4 with MgSiN2 as an additive increased by 49%, reaching 1.36 ± .6 µm. The addition of MgSiN2–Y2O3 resulted in a significantly stronger degree of texturing and smaller grain diameter in Si3N4, compared to the incorporation of MgSiN2 alone. The thermal conductivity of Si3N4 with added MgSiN2–Y2O3 increased to 109.1 W m−1 K−1 in the flow direction, and the flexural strength reached the maximum value of 1250.8 ± 39 MPa in the hot‐pressing direction. The results showed that the thermal conductivity and flexure strength of Si3N4 were enhanced due to the formation of texture and the reduction of flaws induced by HPFS. Moreover, HPFS method exhibited outstanding controllability over the microstructures and properties of materials.
The dysfunction of CD8+ T cells triggered by endometriotic stromal cells promotes the immune survival of endometriosis
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Xiong , Lin Dian‐Chao , Zhang Hua‐Ying , Yang Meng‐Jie , Chen Jia‐Hao , Ding Xin‐Yu , Dai Song‐Juan , Hong Yi‐Huang , Liang Gui‐Shuang , Li Qi‐Yuan , Chen Qiong‐Hua
Published: March 2024

Endometriosis is defined as an oestrogen‐dependent and inflammatory gynaecological disease of which the pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cellular heterogeneity and reveal the effect of CD8+ T cells on the progress of endometriosis. Three ovarian endometriosis patients were collected, and single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) progressed and delineated the cellular landscape of endometriosis containing five cell clusters. The endometrial cells (EMCs) were the major component, of which the mesenchymal cells were preponderant and characterized with increased inflammation and oestrogen synthesis in endometriosis. The proportion of T cells, mainly CD8+ T cells rather than CD4+, was reduced in endometriotic lesions, and the cytokines and cytotoxicity of ectopic T cells were depressed. CD8+ T cells depressed the proliferation of ESCs through inhibiting CDK1/CCNB1 pathway to arrest the cell cycle and triggered inflammation through activating STAT1 pathway. Correspondingly, the coculture with ESCs resulted in the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells through upregulating STAT1/PDCD1 pathway and glycolysis‐promoted metabolism reprogramming. The endometriotic lesions were larger in nude mouse models with T‐cell deficiency than the normal mouse models. The inhibition of T cells via CD90.2 or CD8A antibody increased the endometriotic lesions in mouse models, and the supplement of T cells to nude mouse models diminished the lesion sizes. In conclusion, this study revealed the global cellular variation of endometriosis among which the cellular count and physiology of EMCs and T cells were significantly changed. The depressed cytotoxicity and aberrant metabolism of CD8+ T cells were induced by ESCs with the activation of STAT1/PDCD1 pathway resulting in immune survival to promote endometriosis.
Estimating Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Transmission of the COVID‐19 First Few Cases in Selenge Province, Mongolia
Authors: Dambadarjaa Davaalkham , Mend Tsogt , Shapiro Andrew , Handcock Mark S. , Mandakh Undram , Enebish Temuulen , Le Linh‐Vi , Bandoy DJ Darwin R. , Amarjargal Ambaselmaa , Altangerel Bilegt , Chuluunbaatar Tuvshintur , Guruuchin Uugantsetseg , Lkhagvajav Oyuntulkhuur , Enebish Oyunsuren
Published: March 2024

Background

Following the first locally transmitted case in Sukhbaatar soum, Selenge Province, we aimed to investigate the ultimate scale of the epidemic in the scenario of uninterrupted transmission.

Methods

This was a prospective case study following the locally modified WHO FFX cases generic protocol. A rapid response team collected data from November 14 to 29, 2020. We created a stochastic process to draw many transmission chains from this greater distribution to better understand and make inferences regarding the outbreak under investigation.

Results

The majority of the cases involved household transmissions (35, 52.2%), work transmissions (20, 29.9%), index (5, 7.5%), same apartment transmissions (2, 3.0%), school transmissions (2, 3.0%), and random contacts between individuals transmissions (1, 1.5%). The posterior means of the basic reproduction number of both the asymptomatic cases and the presymptomatic cases (1.35 [95% CrI 0.88–1.86] and 1.29 [95% CrI 0.67–2.10], respectively) were lower than that of the symptomatic cases (2.00 [95% Crl 1.38–2.76]).

Conclusion

Our study highlights the heterogeneity of COVID‐19 transmission across different symptom statuses and underscores the importance of early identification and isolation of symptomatic cases in disease control. Our approach, which combines detailed contact tracing data with advanced statistical methods, can be applied to other infectious diseases, facilitating a more nuanced understanding of disease transmission dynamics.
Late‐sown stress afflict post‐anthesis dry matter and nutrient partitioning and their remobilization in aestivum wheat genotypes
Authors: Zhiipao R. Rustum , Pooniya Vijay , Kumar Dinesh , Biswakarma Niraj , Bainsla Naresh K. , Saikia Nilutpal , Duo Hriipulou , Dorjee Lham , Govindasamy Prabhu , Lakhena Kamlesh Kumar , Jat Ram Dhan
Published: March 2024

Timely sowing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crucial agronomic measure to realize its genetic yield potential, particularly under ever‐changing climatic conditions. The present study appraised the genotypic variations of wheat genotypes for dry matter and nutrients' accumulation, partitioning, remobilization and stress indices under timely and late sown conditions of irrigated semi‐arid ecology. Five potential wheat genotypes viz. HD‐2967, HD‐3086, HD‐3249, DBW‐187 and HD‐3226 were evaluated under field conditions, however, the studies for root‐system traits were made in PVC tubes. Timely sown wheat had grain yield advantage of 18%, and genotypes DBW‐187 (5.77 t ha−1) and HD‐2967 (4.78 t ha−1) produced the highest grain yield under the timely and late sown conditions respectively. The days (d) to anthesis and grain filling period under the late sown was hastened by 5.2 d, and shortened by 7.4 d. Timely sowing enhanced the post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation and remobilization to the tune of 18.8% and 23% respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulated post‐anthesis and their remobilization under the timely sown was significantly greater than the late sown, while the contribution of remobilization to grain content was higher under the late sown except for the nitrogen. The canopy temperature was cooler by 2°C under the timely sown, while the canopy temperature depression was greater by 0.8–1.04°C, at anthesis and dough stages of the crop. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD meter value) at anthesis and dough stages improved by 10% and 7.6% due to timely sowing. The genotypes HD‐2967 and HD‐3249 had relatively greater geometric mean productivity and stress tolerance index coupled with a comparatively higher yield stability index. Further, the root‐system traits, that is, total root length (TRL), root biomass and root length density (RLD) were significantly superior both at 50 DAS (days after sowing) and at anthesis under the timely sown compared to the late sown. This study clearly outlined that timely sowing of wheat resulted in higher post‐anthesis dry matter accumulation, nutrient acquisition and remobilization along with improved root‐system traits and grain yield. Screening of the genotypes, based on stress indices would result in a better understanding of the genotypic performance and improve the genetic yield potential under varying environmental conditions.
Positive clinical experience with paromomycin sulfate in treatment of Balantioides coli (=Balantidium coli) natural infection in zoo‐kept Mandrill monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx) and Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)
Authors: Zakai Hen , Smit Elad , Eshar David
Published: March 2024

Balantioides coli (=Balantidium coli), a large ciliated protozoan, is reported in multiple free‐ranging and captive primate species, often in association with a clinical presentation that requires medical intervention. This report describes the clinical effectiveness of paromomycin sulfate against B.coli in zoo‐kept mandrill monkeys (Mandrillus sphinx, at orally doses of 8–31 mg/kg, once daily (SID) for 7 days) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, at orally doses of 1.4–3.1 mg/kg, SID for 5 days).