bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soybean germplasm for resistance to Fusarium virguliforme, the major pathogen causing sudden death syndrome of soybean in the United States
Authors: Herman Theresa K. , Bowen Roger , Mahan Adam L. , Hartman Glen L.
Published: December 2022

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is one of the most important yield limiting diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. In North America, the most common causal species is Fusarium virguliforme O'Donnell & T. Aoki. Yield losses of up to 80% have been reported. Host resistance is among the most sustainable tools to reduce SDS losses, and screening soybean accessions for sources of resistance is a fundamental part of discovering host resistance. This study evaluated 10,144 soybean plant introductions (PIs) in soybean maturity groups (MGs) 000 to X for resistance to F. virguliforme. Using a tiered testing sequence and a seedling‐layered inoculum method in the greenhouse, new sources of resistance were identified. In tier VI, 81 of 125 PIs evaluated had mean foliar severity that was equal to or significantly lower than that of the resistant check, PI 567374. In tier VII, 20 PIs with low foliar severity scores representing a range of MGs were further evaluated for foliar response, as well as “relative dry weights”—dry shoot and root weights expressed as a percentage of respective noninoculated plants. At 28 days after planting, 16 PIs had mean foliar severity ratings not significantly different from PI 567374; three of these PIs, 279081, 506757, and 507568, had significantly greater relative dry shoot, root, and total weight than PI 567374. The highly resistant entries reported here will be useful for further studies to understand the resistance mechanisms to F. virguliforme and for breeding programs focused on increasing SDS resistance in elite breeding lines.
Simple and rapid determination of clonidine in pharmaceutical samples by voltammetry using a bare glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Moreira Débora A. R. , Pimentel Dilton M. , Arrieiro Mariane O. B. , Barbosa Sandro L. , da Silva Rodrigo A. B. , dos Santos Wallans T. P.
Published: December 2022

This work presents, for the first time, the voltammetric behavior of clonidine (CLO) drug and its determination, using an unmodified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). CLO exhibited only an irreversible oxidation process on the GCE, with peak potential at +0.85 V in pH 12 (vs Ag/AgCl). CLO oxidation process is pH‐dependent and the electrochemical mechanisms on the GCE were proposed in acidic and basic medium. The determination of CLO was optimized in 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer solution at pH 12.0 using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which provides a good linear range (0.65 to 106.00 μmol L−1) and low theoretical limit of detection (0.14 μmol L−1) for the quality control of this drug in pharmaceutical samples. In addition, stable responses of CLO at the GCE were obtained in the same day (RSD = 3.4 %; n = 5) and different days (RSD = 2.0 %; n = 3). Moreover, the determination of CLO in a pharmaceutical formulation using the proposed GCE‐DPV method presented good accuracy, since the recovery was close to 100 % and the dosing result was in agreement with an official method (HPLC‐UV). The proposed method demonstrates a good analytical performance for CLO determination in pharmaceutical samples, providing a faster, simpler and lower‐cost alternative for quality control of CLO than other reported methods.
Synthesized heterogeneous nano‐catalyst from cow teeth for fatty acid methyl esters production through transesterification of waste vegetable frying oil and methanol: Characterization and optimization studies
Authors: Aworanti Oluwafunmilayo Abiola , Agbede Oluseye Omotoso , Popoola Adewemimo Oluwakunmi , Ogunsola Akinola David , Agarry Samuel Enahoro , Adekunle Olanrewaju James , Ogunkunle Oyetola , Laseinde Opeyeolu Timothy , Odesanmi Afolabi Abraham , Alade Abass Olanrewaju
Published: December 2022

Using readily available biomass, it is possible to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) at a low cost. This study focused on the transesterification process of waste frying vegetable oil to generate FAME (biodiesel) using a cost‐effective heterogeneous nano‐catalyst synthesized from waste cow teeth (CT). The cow teeth nano‐catalyst (CTNC) was synthesized via a three‐step method of calcination, hydration‐dehydration, and re‐calcination. The synthesized CTNC samples were characterized. The Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to obtain the optimal operating conditions that maximize the FAME yield (Y
1
) and the effects of the transesterification process conditions on FAME production. The results revealed that CTNC is of microporous structure with higher crystallinity. It consists of hydroxyapatite, beta‐tricalcium phosphate, and calcium oxide, having a mean particle size of 43.96 nm, a specific surface area of 124.77 m
2
/g, and a pore volume of 0.303 cm
3
/g. The process conditions that significantly influenced the EWFVOME yield were the CTNC loading, reaction time, and MTOR. A maximum of 98.70% (Y
1
) was obtained at the optimum transesterification process variables of reaction time (2 h), MTOR (12:1), and CTNC loading (3.75 wt%).
The biodiesel fuel properties were found to be within the acceptable values of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 fuel standards.
Large‐scale ground motion simulation of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake incorporating soil nonlinearity and topographic effects
Authors: Chen Zhengwei , Huang Duruo , Wang Gang
Published: December 2022

A large‐scale physics‐based simulation is conducted to investigate ground motion distribution in the Mw 7.0 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan. The model simulates the earthquake scenario from fault rupture to wave propagation, and localized site response with consideration of the combined effect of soil nonlinearity and topographic amplification. The simulation domain is 51 km × 43 km × 25 km, and the obtained ground motion time histories are compared satisfactorily with recordings from KiK‐net and K‐NET. Ground motion distribution considering nonlinear soil response and topographic amplification is presented. A 3D equivalent linear model is developed to mimic the soil nonlinearity, and it is demonstrated that neglecting soil nonlinearity could over‐predict peak ground acceleration (PGA) and underestimate peak ground velocity (PGV) near the fault. The topographic amplification factors (TAFs) of PGA and PGV are found between 0.5 and 2.0, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7 between them. Predictive equations are proposed to correlate TAFs of PGA and PGV with topographic features, which are represented by relative heights obtained at different length scales. Finally, major earthquake damages are summarized with reference to the obtained ground motion intensity map.
What do we know about the epidemiology of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in children and adolescents? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sanchez‐Cerezo Javier , Nagularaj Lidushi , Gledhill Julia , Nicholls Dasha
Published: December 2022

Background

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was a new diagnosis in DSM‐5. This systematic review explores what is known to date about the epidemiology of ARFID in children and adolescents.

Method

Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were used to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria. PRISMA guidelines were followed.

Results

Thirty studies met inclusion criteria, with most coming from specialised eating disorder services where prevalence rates were 5%–22.5%. Three studies from specialist feeding clinics showed the highest prevalence rates, ranging from 32% to 64%. Studies from non‐clinical samples reported ARFID prevalence estimates ranging from 0.3% to 15.5%. One study, using national surveillance methodology, reported the incidence of ARFID in children and adolescents reaching clinical care to be 2.02 per 100,000 patients. Psychiatric comorbidity was common, especially anxiety disorders (9.1%–72%) and autism spectrum disorder (8.2%–54.75%).

Conclusion

The current literature on the epidemiology of ARFID in children and adolescents is limited. Studies are heterogeneous with regard to setting and sample characteristics, with a wide range of prevalence estimates. Further studies, especially using surveillance methodology, will help to better understand the nature of this disorder and estimate clinical service needs.
Is Photocatalysis the Next Technology to Produce Green Hydrogen to Enable the Net Zero Emissions Goal?
Authors: Isaacs Mark , Garcia‐Navarro Julio , Ong Wee‐Jun , Jiménez‐Calvo Pablo
Published: December 2022

Energy security concerns require novel greener and more sustainable processes, and Paris Agreement goals have put in motion several measures aligned with the 2050 roadmap strategies and net zero emission goals. Renewable energies are a promising alternative to existing infrastructures, with solar energy one of the most appealing due to its use of the overabundant natural source of energy. Photocatalysis as a simple heterogeneous surface catalytic reaction is well placed to enter the realm of scaling up processes for wide scale implementation. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, artificial water splitting's beauty lies in its simplicity, requiring only light, a catalyst, and water. The bottlenecks to producing a high volume of hydrogen  are several: Reactors with efficient photonic/mass/heat profiles, multifunctional efficient solar‐driven catalysts, and proliferation of pilot devices. Three case studies, developed in Japan, Spain, and France are showcased to emphasize efforts on a pilot and large‐scale examples. In order for solar‐assisted photocatalytic H2to mature as a solution, the aforementioned bottlenecks must be overcome for the field to advance its technology readiness level, assess the capital expenditure, and enter the market.
Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of the Albian–Turonian succession from the Sulaiman Range, Pakistan
Authors: Sabba Mahnoor , Hanif Muhammad , Mohibullah Mohibullah , Ullah Shuja , Ishaq Muhammad , Ghani Mukhtiar
Published: December 2022

Detailed taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the limestone, shale‐rich Cretaceous Goru Formation within the western Sulaiman Range refer to diverse and well‐preserved planktonic foraminifera. The age‐diagnostic planktonic foraminifera encountered are; Biticinella breggiensis (middle Albian), Rotalipora ticinensis (late Albian), Rotalipora appenninica (latest Albian), Rotalipora brotzeni (early Cenomanian), Rotalipora cushmani (late Cenomanian), Whiteinella archeocretacea (latest Cenomanian–Earliest Turonian), Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica (early to middle Turonian), and Marginotruncana sigali (late middle to late Turonian). Based on the recovered planktonic foraminifera a middle Albian–late Turonian age has been assigned to the studied formation. The Rotalipora reicheli (middle Cenomanian) Zone was not identified as the First Appearance Datum of the nominal taxa present within the Rotalipora cushmani Zone. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblage characteristics suggest that the bioprovince of the Cretaceous Goru Formation belongs to the subtropical, warm water environment belonging to the Cretaceous Tethyan Realm and the palaeobiogeographic reconstruction suggests that the Neotethys was well‐connected during the Albian–Turonian time interval.
Integrating transcriptomic datasets across neurological disease identifies unique myeloid subpopulations driving disease‐specific signatures
Authors: Wishart Claire L. , Spiteri Alanna G. , Locatelli Giuseppe , King Nicholas J. C.
Published: December 2022

Microglia and bone marrow‐derived monocytes are key elements of central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, both capable of enhancing and dampening immune‐mediated pathology. However, the study‐specific focus on individual cell types, disease models or experimental approaches has limited our ability to infer common and disease‐specific responses. This meta‐analysis integrates bulk and single‐cell transcriptomic datasets of microglia and monocytes from disease models of autoimmunity, neurodegeneration, sterile injury, and infection to build a comprehensive resource connecting myeloid responses across CNS disease. We demonstrate that the bulk microglial and monocyte program is highly contingent on the disease environment, challenging the notion of a universal microglial disease signature. Integration of six single‐cell RNA‐sequencing datasets revealed that these disease‐specific signatures are likely driven by differing proportions of unique myeloid subpopulations that were individually expanded in different disease settings. These subsets were functionally‐defined as neurodegeneration‐associated, inflammatory, interferon‐responsive, phagocytic, antigen‐presenting, and lipopolysaccharide‐responsive cellular states, revealing a core set of myeloid responses at the single‐cell level that are conserved across CNS pathology. Showcasing the predictive and practical value of this resource, we performed differential expression analysis on microglia and monocytes across disease and identified Cd81 as a new neuroinflammatory‐stable gene that accurately identified microglia and distinguished them from monocyte‐derived cells across all experimental models at both the bulk and single‐cell level. Together, this resource dissects the influence of disease environment on shared immune response programmes to build a unified perspective of myeloid behavior across CNS pathology.
The effects of active classroom breaks on moderate to vigorous physical activity, behaviour and performance in a Northern NSW primary school: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Zask Avigdor , Pattinson Martina , Ashton Daniel , Ahmadi Matthew , Trost Stewart , Irvine Sam , Stafford Lauren , Delbaere Kim , Adams Jillian
Published: December 2022

Issue Addressed

Approximately 77% of NSW children aged 5 to 15 years do not meet physical activity guidelines and many spend a considerable amount of time sitting. Active breaks at primary school are feasible, may increase daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease off‐task behaviour without adversely affecting cognitive function and learning.

Methods

In this quasi‐experimental study, 101 primary school children in six intervention classrooms participated in three 10‐minute active breaks per day for six‐weeks during class time, while five control classrooms were run as usual (n = 89). Physical activity levels were measured using wrist‐worn Actigraph wGT3X‐BT accelerometers and analysed using a random forest model. Students' off‐task behaviour, wellbeing, cognitive function and maths performance were also measured. School staff completed a brief feedback survey.

Results

Children in the intervention group engaged in 15.4 and 10.9 minutes more MVPA per day at 3 and 6 weeks respectively (P < .001). Participation significantly increased the proportion of children who met the Australian 24‐Hour Movement Guidelines (P < .001). At pre, middle and end of intervention, 44.4%, 60.8% and 55.1% of intervention children and 46.5%, 45.9% and 45.8% of controls met the guidelines. Significantly fewer students engaged in off‐task behaviour in the intervention classes at mid and final weeks of intervention (−1.4 students, P = .003). No significant intervention effects were found for wellbeing, cognitive and maths performance.

Conclusions

Active classroom breaks are an effective way to increase physical activity among primary school children while reducing off‐task classroom behaviour.

So What?

Primary school students' health would benefit from active breaks with no detrimental effects on wellbeing, maths and cognitive performance.
Pinoresinol stimulates keratinocyte proliferation and downregulates TNF‐α secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: An experimental in vitro study
Authors: Haapakorva Elias , Raunio Hannu , von Wright Atte , Harvima Ilkka
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

Natural coniferous resins are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of skin wounds. Coniferous wood resins (“callus” resin) are a mixture of abietic (resin) acids, lignans such as pinoresinol, and p‐coumaric acid. The wound‐healing properties of resins are thought to be related to their antimicrobial properties, but also to their effects on cell proliferation and inflammation. The purpose of this study was to identify and investigate the effects of novel aqueous dispersions of resin and its main components in the proliferation of human primary keratinocytes in vitro and in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Methods

The proliferation studies were performed under low and high calcium conditions with or without added growth stimulators at the time points of 2 and 6 days using AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. The cytokine release assay was carried out by incubating the cells with the test articles for 18 h, after which the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and IL‐8 were measured in the supernatant by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Resin and the purified lignan PINO, but not p‐coumaric acid or abietic acid (industrial tall oil rosin), enhanced the proliferation of human keratinocytes in vitro and inhibited the expression of TNF‐α, and to a lesser extent the expression of IL‐1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Conclusions

In this study, novel aqueous dispersions of spruce resin were used to investigate the effects of main resin components on keratinocyte proliferation and on the expression of key proinflammatory cytokines known to be associated with chronic wounds. The observations suggest that lignans, such as PINO, but not resin acids, are the components of resins that mediate the proliferative and TNF‐α‐suppressing effects. Lignans including PINO were identified as novel potential compounds in the treatment of chronic skin ulcers.
Riverine groundwater discharge estimation in a dynamic river corridor using 222Rn
Authors: Liao Fu , Cardenas M. Bayani , Chen Xiaobing , Wang Guangcai
Published: December 2022

Groundwater discharge flux into rivers (riverine groundwater discharge or RGD) is essential information for the conservation and management of aquatic ecosystems and resources. One way to estimate area‐integrated groundwater discharge into surface water bodies is to measure the concentration of a groundwater tracer within the water body. We assessed groundwater discharge using 222Rn, a tracer common in many surface water studies, through field measurements, surface water 222Rn mass balance model, and groundwater flow simulation, for the seldom studied but ubiquitous setting of a flooding river corridor. The investigation was conducted at the dam‐regulated Lower Colorado River (LCR) in Austin, Texas, USA. We found that 222Rn in both the river water and groundwater in the river bank changed synchronously over a 12‐hour flood cycle. A 222Rn mass balance model allowed for estimation of groundwater discharge into a 500‐m long reach of the LCR over the flood. The groundwater discharge ranged between negative values (indicating recharge) to 1570 m3/h; groundwater discharge from groundwater flow simulations corroborated these estimates. However, for the dynamic groundwater discharge estimated by the 222Rn box model, assuming whether the groundwater 222Rn endmember was constant or dynamic led to notably different results. The resultant groundwater discharge estimates are also highly sensitive to river 222Rn values. We thus recommend that when using this approach to accurately characterize dynamic groundwater discharge, the 222Rn in near‐stream groundwater should be monitored at the same frequency as river 222Rn. If this is not possible, the 222Rn method can still provide reasonable but approximate groundwater discharge given background information on surface water‐groundwater exchange time scales.
IMAgiNE EURO: Data for action on quality of maternal and newborn care in 20 European countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Beňová Lenka , Lawn Joy E. , Graham Wendy , Chapin Elise M. , Afulani Patience A. , Downe Soo , Hailegebriel Tedbabe Degefie , Lincetto Ornella , Sacks Emma
Published: December 2022

Synopsis

A summary of the findings in the Supplement, highlighting the heterogeneity in reported quality of maternity care and inequalities within and between countries in the European region.
Improving preparedness of emergency medicine residents in the management of postpartum hemorrhage: A randomized controlled study of two pedagogical approaches
Authors: Casper Scott , Kayani Teimur , Galerneau France , Evans Leigh , Pal Lubna
Published: December 2022

Objective

To evaluate a novel curriculum to enhance knowledge and preparedness of emergency medicine (EM) residents in the management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial examining two pedagogical approaches. Following baseline testing of knowledge and confidence in respect of PPH management, participants were randomized to receive a didactic lecture on PPH management (group A, n = 14) or a didactic lecture followed by simulation‐based training on PPH management and debriefing (group B, n = 16). Post‐intervention, proficiency in PPH management was evaluated by clinical skills simulation and post‐intervention assessment for participants. The change in the mean test and clinical skills scores were compared using Student's t‐test. Linear regression examined the effects of covariates.

Results

Both forms of intervention increased participants' knowledge of (group A: mean = 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–3.37, P < 0.001; group B: mean = 1.56, 95% CI 0.89–2.24, P < 0.001) and confidence in PPH management (group A: mean = 1.00, 95% CI 0.46–1.54, P = 0.003; group B: mean = 1.00, 95% CI 0.52–1.48, P = 0.001), relative to baseline. However, addition of simulation and debriefing to the didactic session did not offer any advantage (knowledge: mean = −0.94, 95% CI –1.97 to 0.10, P = 0.074; confidence: mean = 0.00, 95% CI –0.66 to 0.66, P = 1.000).

Conclusion

Delivery of a structured curriculum led to improvement of knowledge and confidence with regard to the management of PPH by EM residents.
Vaginal micronized progesterone versus the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system for treatment of non‐atypical endometrial hyperplasia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gezer Şener , Köle Emre , Aksoy Lale
Published: December 2022

Objective

To compare the efficiency of vaginal micronized progesterone (VMP) with the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) in patients with non‐atypical endometrial hyperplasia. A validated Menorrhagia Impact Questionnaire (MIQ) was used to assess the quality of life before and after the procedure.

Methods

In this prospective trial, 144 women were randomly assigned to the VMP or LNG‐IUS group. The primary endpoint was the regression rate of endometrial hyperplasia after 3 months of treatment. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03992937).

Results

In all, 138 patients were analyzed. The regression rate was not significantly different between the groups (95.8% with LNG‐IUS vs. 90.8% with VMP; P = 0.194). Differences between pre‐ and post‐treatment MIQ scores were similar, except that better scores were obtained in the VMP group for the perception of the amount of blood loss (P = 0.035).

Conclusion

VMP is as effective as the LNG‐IUS as a local treatment of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia.

Trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03992937.
Maintenance dienogest therapy following adjuvant gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment after uterus‐sparing surgery in adenomyosis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chan I‐San , Hsu Teh‐Fu , Shih Ying‐Chu , Chang Yen‐Hou , Wang Peng‐Hui , Chen Yi‐Jen
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate the safety and efficacy of adjuvant gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) treatment followed by maintenance dienogest (DNG) therapy after uterus‐sparing surgery.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study. A total of 190 patients with severe adenomyosis underwent uterus‐sparing surgery between January 2010 and June 2020. Of these patients, 90 were analyzed. Forty‐six patients (control group) received adjuvant 6‐month GnRH‐a therapy alone after uterus‐sparing surgery, and 44 patients (maintenance group) received postoperative 6‐month GnRH‐a treatment followed by maintenance DNG therapy (2 mg/day orally). The median follow‐up period was 18 months. The study was analyzed using generalized estimating equations.

Results

At baseline, the characteristics of patients in each group were comparable. Compared with the control group, the maintenance group had a significant improvement in the visual analog scale score of dysmenorrhea (P < 0.001), hemoglobin level (P = 0.004), and uterine volume (P = 0.004) from baseline to 18 months after uterus‐sparing surgery. The symptom recurrence rate was significantly lower in the maintenance group than in the control group (4.6% vs. 37.0%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that combinatorial treatment with GnRH‐a (adjuvant treatment) and DNG (maintenance therapy) represents a safe and effective short‐term therapy after uterus‐sparing surgery for adenomyosis.
Monitoring of microbial proteome dynamics using Raman stable isotope probing
Authors: Karlo Jiro , Dhillon Ashish Kumar , Siddhanta Soumik , Singh Surya Pratap
Published: December 2022

Abnormal protein kinetics could be a cause of several diseases associated with essential life processes. An accurate understanding of protein dynamics and turnover is essential for developing diagnostic or therapeutic tools to monitor these changes. Raman spectroscopy in combination with stable isotope probes (SIP) such as carbon‐13, and deuterium has been a breakthrough in the qualitative and quantitative study of various metabolites. In this work, we are reporting the utility of Raman‐SIP for monitoring dynamic changes in the proteome at the community level. We have used 13C‐labeled glucose as the only carbon source in the medium and verified its incorporation in the microbial biomass in a time‐dependent manner. A visible redshift in the Raman spectral vibrations of major biomolecules such as nucleic acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, amide I, and amide III were observed. Temporal changes in the intensity of these bands demonstrating the feasibility of protein turnover monitoring were also verified. Kanamycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor was used to assess the feasibility of identifying effects on protein turnover in the cells. Successful application of this work can provide an alternate/adjunct tool for monitoring proteome‐level changes in an objective and nondestructive manner.
Susceptibility of male reproductive system to bisphenol A, an endocrine disruptor: Updates from epidemiological and experimental evidence
Authors: Yadav Shiv K. , Bijalwan Vandana , Yadav Suresh , Sarkar Kamalesh , Das Santasabuj , Singh Dhirendra P.
Published: December 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an omnipresent environmental pollutant. Despite being restrictions in‐force for its utilization, it is widely being used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Direct, low‐dose, and long‐term exposure to BPA is expected when they are used in the packaging of food products and are used as containers for food consumption. Occupationally, workers are typically exposed to BPA at higher levels and for longer periods during the manufacturing process. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC), that causes male infertility, which has a negative impact on human life from emotional, physical, and societal standpoints. To minimize the use of BPA in numerous consumer products, efforts and regulations are being made. Despite legislative limits in numerous nations, BPA is still found in consumer products. This paper examines BPA's overall male reproductive toxicity, including its impact on the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐testicular (HPT) axis, hormonal homeostasis, testicular steroidogenesis, sperm parameters, reproductive organs, and antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, this paper highlighted the role of non‐monotonic dose–response (NMDR) in BPA exposure, which will help to improve the overall understanding of the harmful effects of BPA on the male reproductive system.
A novel homozygous truncating variant in PPFIBP1 further delineates PPFIBP1‐associated neurodevelopmental disorder
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Liaqat Romana , Shaheen Sidrah , Khan Ali Zaman , Mujahid  , Habib Alaa Hamed , Binothman Najat , Aljadani Majidah , Zehri Zamrud , Shaheen Shabnam , Alkathiri Afnan , Naz Rubina , Umair Muhammad , Abbas Safdar
Published: December 2022

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are classified as a group of disorders affecting function and development of the brain and having wide clinical variability.

Herein, we describe two affected individuals segregating a recessive NDD. The affected individuals exhibited phenotypes such as global developmental delay (GDD), intellectual disability (ID), microcephaly and speech delay. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) followed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing techniques identified a homozygous nonsense variant (c.466C > T; p.Gln156*) in the PPFIBP1 gene (NM_003622.4) that segregated with the disease phenotype. Further, to elucidate the effect of the variant on protein structure, 3D protein modelling was performed for the mutant and normal protein that suggested substantial reduction of the mutant protein.

Our data support the evidence that PPFIBP1 has a pivotal role in neurodevelopment in humans, and loss‐of‐function variants cause clinically variable neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
Phosphorus recovery as struvite and hydroxyapatite from the liquid fraction of municipal sewage sludge with limited magnesium addition
Authors: Ferraro Alberto , de Sario Simona , Attanasio Antonia , Di Capua Francesco , Gorgoglione Angela , Fratino Umberto , Mascolo Maria C. , Pirozzi Francesco , Trancone Gennaro , Spasiano Danilo
Published: December 2022

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element to produce feed and fertilizers but also a nonrenewable resource. Both the predicted exhaustion of phosphatic rocks and the risk of eutrophication lead to an increasing necessity for P recovery methodologies to be applied in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). One of the most promising solutions involves the precipitation of P‐based minerals reusable as slow‐release fertilizers. In this study, P recovery as struvite and hydroxyapatite from a municipal WWTP digestate liquid fraction (centrate) was investigated at varying pH (8–10), reagent typologies (MgCl2, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and CaCl2), and concentrations under limiting magnesium doses through liquid‐ and solid‐phase analyses and thermodynamical modeling. A maximum P recovery of 87.3% was achieved at pH 9 by adding NaOH and MgCl2 at a dose of 656 mg/L (the higher tested). According to these data, it was estimated that 92.0 tons/year of struvite and 33.2 tons/year of hydroxyapatite could be recovered from the WWTP centrate with a cost for reagent consumption being almost 50% of the mean P market value. An increase in P precipitation was observed while comparing experiments with the same pH values but with a higher Mg2+ dose. Ca2+ addition led to extensive P precipitation but mainly as amorphous phases that interfere with struvite formation.
Health‐related quality of life and patient‐reported outcome measurements in patients with cystinosis
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Kristensen Kaja , Hohenfellner Katharina , Quitmann Julia
Published: December 2022

Nephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder. With the availability of treatment and renal replacement therapy, nephropathic cystinosis has evolved from an early fatal disease to a chronic, progressive disorder with potentially high impairment. We aim to review the literature on the health‐related quality of life and identify appropriate patient‐reported outcome measurements to assess the health‐related quality of life of patients with cystinosis. For this review, we conducted a literature search in PubMed and Web of Science in September 2021. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for the selection of articles were defined a priori. We identified 668 unique articles through the search and screened them based on title and abstract. The full texts of 27 articles were assessed. Finally, we included five articles (published between 2009 and 2020) describing the health‐related quality of life in patients with cystinosis. All studies, apart from one, were conducted in the United States, and no condition‐specific measurement was used. Patients with cystinosis reported a lower health‐related quality of life (for certain dimensions) than healthy subjects. Few published studies address the health‐related quality of life of patients with cystinosis. Such data must be collected standardized and follow the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of this disorder on health‐related quality of life, it is necessary to use generic and condition‐specific instruments to measure this, preferably in large samples from longitudinal studies. A cystinosis‐specific instrument for measuring health‐related quality of life has yet to be developed.
Noninvasive Assessment of the Renal Function, Oxford Classification and Prognostic Risk Stratification of IgAN by Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging and Blood Oxygenation Level‐Dependent MRI
Authors: Liang Ping , Yuan Guanjie , Li Shichao , Peng Yang , Xu Chuou , Benkert Thomas , Hu Daoyu , Han Min , Li Zhen
Published: December 2022

Background

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Oxford classification including mesangial hypercellularity (M), endothelial hypercellularity (E), segmental sclerosis (S), interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (T), and crescent (C) were recommended to predict the prognosis of IgAN.

Purpose

To explore whether multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be applied to assess the renal function, Oxford classification, and risk of progression to end‐stage kidney disease within 5 years of IgAN.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

A total of 46 patients with pathologically confirmed IgAN and 20 healthy volunteers.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 3‐T, blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD)‐MRI, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging (IVIM‐DWI).

Assessment

Two radiologists measured the cortex and medulla T2*, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion (Dt), pseudo‐diffusion (Dp), perfusion fraction (fp). All participants were divided into three groups: group 1, healthy volunteers; group 2, patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2; group 3, patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Or two groups: group A, 5‐year risk scores ≤10% and group B, 5‐year risk scores >10%.

Statistical Tests

Intraclass correlation coefficient, one‐way analysis of variance, least‐significant difference, Student's t‐test, Pearson product–moment correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) with the area under the curve (AUC). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Except for cortical Dp, all other MRI parameters showed significant differences between group 1 and group 2. None of the MRI parameters showed a significant correlation with M, E, or C scores. Cortical T2*, Dt, fp, and medullary Dt and fp showed low‐to‐moderate significant correlations with S scores. Except for cortical and medullary Dp, all other MRI parameters were significantly correlated with T scores. Cortical Dt showed the largest AUC for differentiating group A from group B (AUC = 0.927) and T0 from T1/T2 (AUC = 0.963).

Data Conclusion

Imaging by IVIM‐DWI and BOLD‐MRI could facilitate noninvasive assessment of the renal function, Oxford classification, and prognostic risk of IgAN patients.

Evidence Level

2.

Technical Efficacy

Stage 3.
Comparison ofMRIandCT‐Based Radiomics and Their Combination for Early Identification of Pathological Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Hui‐ling , Yin Hong‐kun , Zhang Hong‐kai , Wang Yi , Xu Shu‐ning , Ma Fei , Gao Jian‐bo , Li Hai‐liang , Qu Jin‐rong
Published: December 2022

Background

Current radiomics for treatment response assessment in gastric cancer (GC) have focused solely on Computed tomography (CT). The importance of multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp‐MRI) radiomics in GC is less clear.

Purpose

To compare and combine CT and mp‐MRI radiomics for pretreatment identification of pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in GC.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Two hundred twenty‐five GC patients were recruited and split into training (157) and validation dataset (68) in the ratio of 7:3 randomly.

Field/Sequence

T2‐weighted fast spin echo (fat suppressed T2‐weighted imaging [fs‐T2WI]), diffusion weighted echo planar imaging (DWI), and fast gradient echo (dynamic contrast enhanced [DCE]) sequences at 3.0T.

Assessment

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were generated from DWI. CT, fs‐T2WI, ADC, DCE, and mp‐MRI Radiomics score (Radscores) were compared between responders and non‐responders. A multimodal nomogram combining CT and mp‐MRI Radscores was developed. Patients were followed up for 3–65 months (median 19) after surgery, the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were calculated.

Statistical Tests

A logistic regression classifier was applied to construct the five models. Each model's performance was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The association of the nomogram with OS/PFS was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and C‐index. APvalue <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

CT Radscore, mp‐MRI Radscore and nomogram were significantly associated with tumor regression grading. The nomogram achieved the highest area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.893 (0.834–0.937) and 0.871 (0.767–0.940) in training and validation datasets, respectively. The C‐index was 0.589 for OS and 0.601 for PFS. The AUCs of the mp‐MRI model were not significantly different to that of the CT model in training (0.831 vs. 0.770,P = 0.267) and validation dataset (0.797 vs. 0.746,P = 0.137).

Data Conclusions

mp‐MRI radiomics provides similar results to CT radiomics for early identification of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The multimodal radiomics nomogram further improved the capability.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

2
Cine MRI‐Derived Radiomics Features of the Cardiac Blood Pool: Periodicity, Specificity, and Reproducibility
Authors: Lin Kai , Sarnari Roberto , Carr James C. , Markl Michael
Published: December 2022

Background

Although radiomics features of the left ventricular wall have been used to assess cardiac diseases, radiomics features of the cardiac blood pool have been relatively ignored.

Purpose

To test the hypothesis that cine MRI‐derived radiomics features of the cardiac blood pool are associated with cardiac function and motion.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

A total of 26 healthy volunteers (51.2 ± 15.6 years; 17 males).

Field Strength/Sequence

A 1.5 T/balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP).

Assessment

The radiomics features (107 features in seven classes) of the blood pool of the left/right ventricle/atrium (LV/RV/LA/RA) were extracted on four‐chamber cine images (25 phases). Conventional cardiac function parameters (volumes, ejection fraction [EF] and longitudinal strain) were assessed in each cardiac chamber. Intraobserver‐ and interobserver agreements of radiomics features of all chambers acquired at all phases were assessed, as well as scan–rescan agreement in a subset of 13 volunteers.

Statistical Tests

Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were used to assess the associations between peak values of radiomics features and end‐diastolic (or maximal) volume, end‐systolic (or minimal) volume, EF, and longitudinal strain of corresponding chambers. Good intraobserver, interobserver, and scan–rescan agreements for radiomics features acquired were defined as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.7 or coefficient of variation (CoV) < 20%.

Results

Most radiomics features of the blood pool varied periodically throughout the cardiac cycle. Peak values of chamber‐specific blood pool radiomics features were correlated with traditional cardiac function and motion indices of corresponding chambers (r: 0.4–0.87). Ninety‐three (87%), 86 (80%), and 73 (68%) radiomics features demonstrated good intraobserver, interobserver, and scan–rescan reproducibility, respectively.

Conclusion

Cine MRI‐derived radiomics features within LV/RV/LA/RA are associated with traditional cardiac function and motion indices of corresponding chambers and may have the potential to become novel quantitative imaging biomarkers in cardiovascular medicine.

Evidence Level

3.

Technical Efficacy

1.
First report on quality and purity assessment of sweet almond oil in Brazilian body oils by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Pizzo Jessica S. , Cruz Victor H. M. , Manin Luciana P. , Santos Patricia D. S. , Silva Geovane R. , Souza Patrícia M. , Figueiredo Alisson L. , Santos Oscar O. , Visentainer Jesuí V.
Published: December 2022

Sweet almond oil is a raw material with high‐added value used in different products. Then, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality and purity of 10 body oils based on sweet almond oils currently available in the Brazilian market. Fatty acid composition and triacylglycerol (TAG) profile were determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID) and atmospheric solids analysis probe mass spectrometry (ASAP‐MS), respectively. The authenticity of samples was assessed using an analytical curve equation. Soybean oil was chosen as the adulterant because it is the cheapest vegetable oil commercialized in Brazil. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) in conjunction with ASAP‐MS classified product samples according to the type of vegetable oil (soybean and sweet almond oils). The addition of soybean oil (8.79% to 99.70%) was confirmed in samples. However, only two samples stated in their label the presence of soybean oil as an ingredient. These findings highlight the need for better oversight by regulatory bodies to ensure that consumers acquire high quality and authentic products based on equally high quality and purity of sweet almond oils.
Mouth rinses efficacy on salivary SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Alzahrani Manar M. , Bamashmous Shatha , Alkharobi Hanaa , Alghamdi Abdullah , Alharbi Rahaf H. , Hassan Ahmed M. , Darwish Manar , Bukhari Abdullah , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Alfaleh Mohamed A. , Mirza Ahmed A. , Abuzenadah Adel M. , Abujamel Turki S. , Hashem Anwar M.
Published: December 2022

Considering the global trend to confine the COVID‐19 pandemic by applying various preventive health measures, preprocedural mouth rinsing has been proposed to mitigate the transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in dental clinics. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different mouth rinses on salivary viral load in COVID‐19 patients. This study was a single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, six‐parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled clinical trial that investigated the effect of four mouth rinses (1% povidone‐iodine, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, and 80 ppm hypochlorous acid) on salivary SARS‐CoV‐2 viral load relative to the distilled water and no‐rinse control groups. The viral load was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR) at baseline and 5, 30, and 60 min post rinsing. The viral load pattern within each mouth rinse group showed a reduction overtime; however, this reduction was only statistically significant in the hydrogen peroxide group. Further, a significant reduction in the viral load was observed between povidone‐iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and cetylpyridinium chloride compared to the no‐rinse group at 60 min, indicating their late antiviral potential. Interestingly, a similar statistically significant reduction was also observed in the distilled water control group compared to the no‐rinse group at 60 min, proposing mechanical washing of the viral particles through the rinsing procedure. Therefore, results suggest using preprocedural mouth rinses, particularly hydrogen peroxide, as a risk‐mitigation step before dental procedures, along with strict adherence to other infection control measures.
Mobile Raman spectroscopy analysis of elephant ivory objects
Authors: Parungao Dorothy , Vandenabeele Peter , Edwards Howell G. M. , Candeias Antonio , Miguel Catarina
Published: December 2022

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the nondestructive study of ivory artefacts. Molecular Raman spectra of this material have been recorded previously using Fourier‐transform Raman spectroscopy (1064‐nm excitation), and attempts were made to differentiate between species of different origin. However, few attempts have been made to examine this interesting material using dispersive Raman spectroscopy, as when using shorter wavelength excitation, the fluorescence background signal tends to overwhelm the Raman signal. In this study, however, a mobile fibre‐optics Raman spectrometer, equipped with 1064‐nm excitation and an InGaAs detector, was used for the direct analysis of ivory artefacts. This approach opens opportunities for the fast and reliable analysis of this material, without the need to move the artefact to the laboratory, helping to act against the illegal trade of this endangered biomaterial.
Cluster analysis identifies six clinical subtypes of hidradenitis suppurativa characterised by distinct comorbidities, inflammatory and metabolic profiles, patient‐reported outcomes and treatment patterns
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene R. , Arildsen Nicolai S. , Yao Yiqiu , Holm Jesper G. , Nielsen Valdemar W. , Ring Hans C. , Woetmann Anders , Thomsen Simon F.
Published: December 2022

Background

Sub‐classification of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) may allow for a better understanding of disease aetiology and disease burden, and eventually permit a more personalised treatment for patients.

Objective

To identify patient subtypes of HS based on comorbidity patterns and clinical characteristics, and to examine their inflammatory and metabolic blood profiles and associated levels of experienced distress, pain, quality of life, employment status and prescribed treatments.

Methods

Cluster analysis of clinical data from consecutive, newly referred adult HS patients attending a dermatological hospital department.

Results

A total of 534 patients (338 women and 196 men) with a mean age of 40.5 years (SD = 13.7) were included; 35.4% had Hurley stage I, 50.4% had Hurley stage II, and 14.8% had Hurley stage III. In total, six disease subtypes were identified: ‘female subtype’ (n = 182, 34.1%), ‘familial subtype’ (n = 144, 27.0%), ‘diabetes subtype’ (n = 107, 20.0%), ‘psychiatric disease subtype’ (n = 49, 9.2%), ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ (n = 29, 5.4%) and ‘asthma subtype’ (n = 23, 4.3%). Patients with ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ and ‘diabetes subtype’ had highest levels of systemic inflammation (C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leucocytes and neutrophils), blood glucose and lipids (triglycerides), p < 0.001. The highest boil‐associated pain score, p < 0.001, overall disease‐related distress, p = 0.008 and lowest quality of life, p = 0.015, was reported by patients with ‘familial subtype’, whereas highest rates of unemployment were observed among patients with ‘diabetes subtype’ and ‘psychiatric disease subtype’, p < 0.001. Treatment patterns differed significantly between the subtypes, with biologics being most often prescribed to patients with ‘Crohn's disease subtype’ (21.1%), p < 0.001.

Conclusion

This study identified six subtypes of HS based on comorbidity patterns, clinical characteristics, blood profiles, patient‐reported outcomes and treatment patters, supporting the concept of heterogeneity within HS.