bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content in Plastic Bags Used as Improvised Food Cooking Covers: A Case Study from the Mozambican Community
Authors: Nhanga Manença Cristiano , Geraldo Dulce , Nhapulo Sérgio Leonardo , João Afonso Filipe , Carneiro Joaquim , Costa Manuel F. M.
Published: January 2025

The widespread use of plastic bags as improvised food cooking covers in Mozambican communities has raised public health concerns, increasing interest in studying these plastic bags, which contain heavy metals additives used to improve their physical and chemical properties. This study aims to evaluate the levels of heavy metals commonly used in plastic bags used as improvised food cooking covers, focused on Mozambican communities that have this habit. Using spectroscopic techniques, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), we analyzed plastic bag samples to identify polymer types, chemical composition, and heavy metal concentrations. FTIR analysis confirmed low- and high-density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) as the primary materials, with spectra peaks between 2800 and 3000 cm−1, indicating stretching vibrations characteristic of LDPE and HDPE. The density measurements varied between 0.04 and 0.08 g/cm3 with very low uncertainty values (0.27% and 0.098%). The heavy metal analysis revealed concentrations higher than those stipulated in international standards. The results in terms of the percentage of LDPE samples in relation to the HDPE samples are as follows: Cd: 69.71% (LDPE < HDPE); Cu: 220.44% (LDPE > HDPE); Pb: 24% (LDPE < HDPE); and Zn: 51.53% (LDPE < HDPE). These findings highlight the potential public health risks associated with the use of plastic bags in cooking and underscore the need for regulatory intervention.
A Decision Framework for Equitable Use of Federal Funds for Voluntary Buyout Programs
Authors: Motlagh Farinaz , Hamideh Sara
Published: January 2025

Disaster losses and expenses are increasing rapidly in coastal regions, highlighting the pressing need for effective mitigation strategies. The voluntary buyout program is an effective approach to reducing risks of future flooding, often funded by federal grants after disasters. However, following a disaster, decision-making tends to be reactive, potentially leading to a haphazard selection of properties and households for program participation. It is crucial for local governments in charge of these programs to be informed about who may or may not benefit from program participation when deciding which properties to select and prioritize. Therefore, incorporating social equity in those decisions prevents unintended consequences for program participants. The present research addresses this complexity by raising the critical question of how local practitioners can evaluate equity considerations of using federal grants for buyout projects. With a mixed-methods research design, we offer systematic guidelines for supporting local practitioners in evaluating the equity considerations of using funding for buyouts, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for households. By acknowledging the potential of buyouts in mitigating flood exposure and recognizing its equity implications, this study uses advanced hazard models, buyout practitioners and experts’ insights, data on buyout funding, and findings from past research to support local practitioners in making equitable prioritization and selection of households by developing a decision framework.
Digital Product Passport Design Supporting the Circular Economy Based on the Asset Administration Shell
Authors: Kühn Maximilian , Baumann Michael , Volz Friedrich , Stojanovic Ljiljana
Published: January 2025

This paper investigates the design of a digital product passport (DPP) model based on the asset administration shell (AAS) framework to support the circular economy while ensuring cross-industry applicability. In a circular economy, resources are continuously reused, fostering more sustainable manufacturing. The European Commission’s initiatives target this issue, with the DPP playing a critical role in sharing product sustainability information, such as product composition and repairability, throughout its lifecycle. However, a widely applicable DPP approach has yet to be established. This study consolidates existing standards, and scientific literature to develop a data model that aligns with circular economy principles. Using the AAS framework initially developed by the Plattform Industrie 4.0, we mapped the data requirements to submodel templates and addressed gaps in the data needed for real-life implementation. The results demonstrate that the proposed DPP data model is specific enough for practical use cases, such as the upcoming EU battery passport, while remaining flexible enough for application across various industries. The AAS framework’s adaptability and comprehensive data exchange capabilities make it a suitable foundation for developing DPPs that support the transition to a circular economy.
Thermochemical Techniques for Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Evaluation Based on the Distance from the Average Solution Technique
Authors: Zulqarnain Rana Muhammad , Wang Hongwei , Siddique Imran , Ali Rifaqat , Naveed Hamza , Virk Saalam Ali , Ahamad Muhammad Irfan
Published: January 2025

The processing and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) are global problems, particularly in low- to middle-income states like Pakistan. These economic systems will need to tackle problems regarding municipal solid waste disposal to accomplish a sustainable future in waste management. Still, the determination of MSW procedures is frequently influenced by unstable, vague, and inadequately stated criteria. To deal with this issue, we designed an interactive model that uses intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft sets (IFHSSs) to find the optimal thermochemical processing system for MSW. The main objective of this research is to define interactional operational laws for intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft numbers and to use these laws to build interaction aggregation operators (AOs) and ordered AOs along with their basic characteristics. Based on developed operators, a novel Evaluation Based on the Distance from the Average Solution (EDAS) technique is proposed to integrate multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) issues. The suggested strategy is used to analyze five thermochemical treatment techniques for MSW, using a case study focusing on Pakistan’s particular MSW administration problems to choose the most economical technique. Therefore, the new structure is assessed with established methodologies to illustrate its stability. The comparison of results proves that the implications of the stated approach will be more effective and capable than the existing approaches.
After the Initial Start of Co-Production: A Narrative Review of the Development of Co-Production and Changes in Orientation
Authors: Bos Hessel , Zwaan Pieter , Brandsen Taco
Published: January 2025

Co-production is viewed as a solution to deal with societal issues. For instance, citizens are encouraged to propose solutions and work together with the government to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. We have a solid understanding of the initial phase of co-production and the factors that influence this phase, such as motivation, resources, social capital, and a supportive culture. There is consensus in the literature that co-production initially exists between the state and the community. However, we still know relatively little about the connection between these factors and the development and the orientation of co-production. This narrative review examines the current understanding of shifts in co-production orientation. This study employs an analysis and synthesis of data derived from 76 peer-reviewed articles sourced from academic databases. The objective is to present a comprehensive conceptual model. We argue that these factors shape how co-production develops after the initial phase, potentially shifting its position between the domains of state, community, and market. Factors tend to push the orientation of co-production in the direction of the community, but not exclusively so. To better understand these dynamics, qualitative longitudinal research should be conducted to trace the interactions between and within the factors that influence co-production orientation.
Factors Influencing the Willingness and Ability of Farmers to Adopt TELA Maize Seed in Alfred Nzo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Gcaba Kwakhanya , Christian Mzuyanda , Letsoalo Simon , Jagadeesh Dhanya
Published: January 2025

In developing countries, drought is a major climatic challenge that has driven the development of drought-tolerant seed varieties aimed at improving yields and farm incomes; however, the adoption of drought-tolerant seeds, such as the TELA maize hybrid, remains low. This study explored the factors influencing the willingness and ability to adopt TELA maize seed and its potential production implications in Alfred Nzo District, Eastern Cape, South Africa. This study employed a multistage random sampling method to gather data from 120 smallholder maize farmers through a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a probit regression model. The results showed that 65% of respondents were male, and 53% were married. Notably, 77% had low educational attainment, with the majority having completed only secondary school or less. Furthermore, 65% of respondents indicated that farming was primarily for livelihood purposes. This study found that limited access to credit and extension services were major obstacles to adopting TELA maize seed technology, compounded by skepticism towards innovation. The findings suggest that addressing these challenges requires the implementation of targeted gender equity programs, improving educational access, and enhancing financial support mechanisms. Additionally, strengthening cooperative engagement and extension services is crucial for promoting technology adoption. By fostering collaboration among stakeholders and providing adequate resources, this study highlights the potential for increased adoption of TELA maize seed, contributing to improved food security in rural households.
The Energy Potential of Agricultural Biomass Residues for Household Use in Rural Areas in the Department La Guajira (Colombia)
Authors: Rodríguez Romero Tomas Enrique , Cabello Eras Juan José , Sagastume Gutierrez Alexis , Mendoza Fandiño Jorge Mario , Rueda Bayona Juan Gabriel
Published: January 2025

Cooking with firewood in inefficient stoves primarily affects the rural population in poor and developing countries, usually lacking access to clean and modern energy sources. La Guajira, Colombia, is especially affected, with 40% to 60% of the departmental households relying on firewood, which increases to 80% in rural areas. In the department, only 40.4% of the population have access to natural gas, which drops to 6% in the indigenous reservations, while 68.4% have access to electricity, which reduces to 22% in indigenous reservations. Rural areas with agricultural production in the department can benefit from biomass wastes to address firewood consumption. This study quantified the agricultural biomass waste inventory in La Guajira to assess their availability for energy valorization as cooking fuel or, when possible, for electricity generation. The geolocalization of biomass wastes and rural communities was developed to overlap biomass production with the demand for firewood. Moreover, briquetting, anaerobic digestion, and direct combustion were considered small- and medium-scale options for the energy valorization of biomass wastes. Results highlighted the department’s yearly production of 292,760 to 522,696 t of agricultural biomass wastes between 2010 and 2023. These wastes could yield an estimated 381 to 521 TJ/year of electricity using direct combustion, coinciding with some 21% to 28% of the electricity demand in 2022 in La Guajira. Furthermore, this electricity potential could replace 57% to 78% of the demand for firewood in the department using electric stoves. Moreover, anaerobic digestion could produce from 8.6 to 10 million m3/year, enough to replace between 16% and 18% of the demand for firewood using biogas stoves. Finally, briquettes could replace between 28% and 49% of the firewood demand, considering the adoption of improved biomass stoves. Considering that direct combustion and anaerobic digestion technologies would be efficient on the medium scale, briquettes surfaced as the most viable approach at the small scale to take advantage of agricultural wastes to replace firewood in households in rural areas.
Systematic Literature Review of Optimization Algorithms for P||Cmax Problem
Authors: Ostojić Dragutin , Ramljak Dušan , Urošević Andrija , Jolović Marija , Drašković Radovan , Kakka Jainil , Jakšić Krüger Tatjana , Davidović Tatjana
Published: January 2025

In the era of open data and open science, it is important that, before announcing their new results, authors consider all previous studies and ensure that they have competitive material worth publishing. To save time, it is popular to replace the exhaustive search of online databases with the utilization of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, especially for problems in niche domains, generative AI results may not be precise enough and sometimes can even be misleading. A typical example is P||Cmax, an important scheduling problem studied mainly in a wider context of parallel machine scheduling. As there is an uncovered symmetry between P||Cmax and other similar optimization problems, it is not easy for generative AI tools to include all relevant results into search. Therefore, to provide the necessary background data to support researchers and generative AI learning, we critically discuss comparisons between algorithms for P||Cmax that have been presented in the literature. Thus, we summarize and categorize the “state-of-the-art” methods, benchmark test instances, and compare methodologies, all over a long time period. We aim to establish a framework for fair performance evaluation of algorithms for P||Cmax, and according to the presented systematic literature review, we uncovered that it does not exist. We believe that this framework could be of wider importance, as the identified principles apply to a plethora of combinatorial optimization problems.
Existence and Uniqueness Results for Fuzzy Bipolar Metric Spaces
Authors: Ishtiaq Umar , Jahangeer Fahad , Garayev Mubariz , Popa Ioan-Lucian
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we present the concept of (Υ,Ω)-iterativemappings in the setting of fuzzy bipolar metric space. The symmetric property in fuzzy bipolar metric spaces guarantees that the distance between any two elements remains invariant under permutation, ensuring consistency and uniformity in measurement regardless of the order in which the elements are considered. Furthermore, we prove several best proximity point results by utilizing (Υ,Ω)-fuzzy bipolar proximal contraction, (Υ,Ω)-Reich–Rus–Ciric type proximal contraction, (Υ,Ω)-Kannan type proximal contraction and (Υ,Ω)-Hardy–Rogers type contraction. Furthermore, we provide some non-trivial examples to show the comparison with the existing results in the literature. At the end, we present an application to find the existence and uniqueness of a solution of an integral equation by applying the main result.
Identifying Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Based on Patterns of Electromyographic Activity of the Masseter and Temporalis Muscles
Authors: Radecka Aleksandra , Pluta Waldemar , Antczak Krzysztof , Lubkowski Michał , Lubkowska Anna
Published: January 2025

Background: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term covering acute or chronic musculoskeletal and neuromuscular pain associated with the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and the associated structures. The surface electromyography (sEMG) test represents clinical potential as an additional diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in masseter and temporalis muscle activity (in sEMG) in subjects with TMD compared to a control group. Methods: The TMD group included 45 people qualified according to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorder (DC/TMD). In the control group, there were 30 subjects. All participants underwent detailed examinations including sEMG diagnosis of the masseter and temporalis muscles. The sEMG was measured both at rest and during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Amplitude root mean square (ARMS) values for the analysis were determined. Results: No differences were shown in the value of the results between TMD and control group in RS ARMS transformed data values (p = 0.086) and in the MVC ARMS transformed data values (p = 0.536). The presence of TMD has no significant effect on the symmetry index value for the temporalis (p = 0.42) and masseter muscles (p = 0.379). Conclusions: Analysis of both raw and normalized sEMG signals is insufficient to differentiate TMD patients from healthy individuals.
Multi-Label Learning with Distribution Matching Ensemble: An Adaptive and Just-In-Time Weighted Ensemble Learning Algorithm for Classifying a Nonstationary Online Multi-Label Data Stream
Authors: Shen Chao , Liu Bingyu , Shao Changbin , Yang Xibei , Xu Sen , Zhu Changming , Yu Hualong
Published: January 2025

Learning from a nonstationary data stream is challenging, as a data stream is generally considered to be endless, and the learning model is required to be constantly amended for adapting the shifting data distributions. When it meets multi-label data, the challenge would be further intensified. In this study, an adaptive online weighted multi-label ensemble learning algorithm called MLDME (multi-label learning with distribution matching ensemble) is proposed. It simultaneously calculates both the feature matching level and label matching level between any one reserved data block and the new received data block, further providing an adaptive decision weight assignment for ensemble classifiers based on their distribution similarities. Specifically, MLDME abandons the most commonly used but not totally correct underlying hypothesis that in a data stream, each data block always has the most approximate distribution with that emerging after it; thus, MLDME could provide a just-in-time decision for the new received data block. In addition, to avoid an infinite extension of ensemble classifiers, we use a fixed-size buffer to store them and design three different dynamic classifier updating rules. Experimental results for nine synthetic and three real-world multi-label nonstationary data streams indicate that the proposed MLDME algorithm is superior to some popular and state-of-the-art online learning paradigms and algorithms, including two specifically designed ones for classifying a nonstationary multi-label data stream.
Hybrid System for Fault Tolerance in Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm: Integration of Differential Gears and Coordination Algorithms
Authors: Urrea Claudio , Sari Pablo , Kern John
Published: January 2025

This study presents a fault-tolerant control system for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm (SCARA) robots, ensuring operational continuity in cooperative tasks. It is evaluated in five scenarios: normal operation, failures without reconfiguration, and with active reconfiguration. The system employs redundant actuators, differential gears, torque limiters, and rapid detection and reconfiguration algorithms. Simulations in MATLAB R2024a demonstrated reconfiguration times of 0.5 s and reduced trajectory errors (0.0042 m on the X-axis for Robot 1), achieving efficiency above 99%. Nonlinear Model Predictive Controllers (NLMPCs) and Adaptive Sliding Mode Control (ASMC) were compared, with NLMPC excelling in stability and ASMC in precision. The system showcased high productivity in pick-and-place tasks, even under critical failures, establishing itself as a robust solution for industrial environments requiring high reliability and advanced automation.
The Effect of Selenium Against Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats: The Role of the TRPM2 Channel
Authors: Keleş Ömer Faruk , Bayir Mehmet Hafit , Çiçek Hacı Ahmet , Ahlatcı Adem , Yıldızhan Kenan
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the protective effect of selenium (Se) in a cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity model in rats and the role of the TRPM2 channel in this mechanism. For this purpose, Cd (25 mg/kg orally), Se (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a TRPM2 channel antagonist, (3 mg/kg i.p.) were administered to rats every day for 5 days. At the end of the study, kidney tissues were analysed using histological and biochemical methods. A histopathological examination revealed congestion, tubular degeneration, necrosis, and glomerular adhesion in the Cd group. However, these lesions were significantly reduced in the Cd + Se and Cd + 2-APB groups, while the Cd + Se + 2-APB group showed a histological appearance similar to the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Caspase-3, Bax, and TRPM2 expression was higher in the Cd group, while these levels were lower in the Se and 2-APB treatment groups (p < 0.05). Among the groups that received Cd, urea, creatinine, TOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were at the highest level in the Cd group, while TAS level was at the lowest level (p < 0.05). The Se and 2-APB treatment modulated these parameters; however, Se + 2-APB treatment reduced urea, creatinine, TOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels to the lowest level compared to the Cd groups and brought the TAS level closer to the control group (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that targeting TRPM2 channel inactivation together with the selenium treatment could alleviate Cd-induced nephrotoxicity.
Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds Emissions and Their Health Impact: Spotlight on Solid Fuel Combustion
Authors: Sun Jian , Wang Meng , Tian Jie
Published: January 2025

Solid fuel combustion, while a crucial source of energy in many regions around the world, remains one of the primary contributors to air pollution, with significant implications for human health [...]
Single-Chain Variable Fragments: Targeting Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and Serine Protease
Authors: Jia Ying , Garcia Ariane , Reyes Elizabeth
Published: January 2025

Snakebite is a critical global public health issue, causing substantial mortality and morbidity, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The development of innovative antivenoms targeting snake venom toxins is therefore of paramount importance. In this study, we adopted an epitope-directed approach to design three degenerate 15-mer peptides based on amino acid sequence alignments of snake venom phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) and snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs) from snake (Crotalus atrox). By leveraging their immunogenic and inhibitory profiles, these peptides were specifically designed to target the Asp49 and Lys49 variants of PLA2 and SVSP toxins. Groups of five mice were immunized with each peptide, and IgG mRNA was subsequently extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and spleen lymphocytes of the top three responders. The extracted mRNA was reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA), and the variable regions of the IgG heavy and kappa chains were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These amplified regions were then linked with a 66-nucleotide spacer to construct single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Sequence analysis of 48 randomly selected plasmids from each PLA2 and SVSP scFv library revealed that over 80% contained scFv sequences with notable diversity observed in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs), particularly CDR3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results demonstrated that the SP peptide elicited a broader immune response in mice compared to the Asp49 peptide, implying the strong immunogenicity of the SP peptide. These scFvs represent a promising foundation for the development of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies targeting snake PLA2 and SVSP toxins, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of snakebites.
Epidemiological Dynamics and Trends of Dengue Outbreaks in Sao Tome and Principe: A Comprehensive Retrospective Analysis (2022–2024)
Authors: Lazaro Sousa , Gil Vilfrido Santana , Ceita Ivando Carvalho Viegas de , Barreto Isaulina Neto Viegas , Sousa Maquengo Eula Carvalho Batista , Batista de Sousa Andreza , Costa Pina Bakissy da , Traore Tieble , Zumla Alimuddin , Otshudiema John Otokoye
Published: January 2025

Background: Dengue has emerged as a significant public health concern in Sao Tome and Principe, with the first documented outbreak occurring between 2022 and 2024. This study examined the epidemiological patterns, environmental determinants, and demographic characteristics of dengue transmission during this period. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed dengue cases using national surveillance data, clinical records, and environmental monitoring data. Statistical analyses included demographic profiling, temporal trend assessment, and environmental correlation studies using multiple regression modeling. Results: Among 1264 laboratory-confirmed cases, we observed distinct age-specific vulnerability patterns, with the highest incidence rate in the 70–79 age group (829.6 per 100,000) despite most cases occurring in younger adults. Rainfall emerged as the strongest predictor of dengue transmission (r = 0.96, p < 0.001), explaining 92% of case variance in the regression model. Case distribution showed marked temporal variation, with 91.9% of cases reported in 2022, coinciding with exceptional rainfall (3205 mm). The overall case fatality rate was 0.71% (95% CI: 0.33–1.35), with significant quarterly variations. Geographical analysis revealed concentration in the Água Grande district (68.2% of cases). Conclusions: This first comprehensive analysis of dengue in Sao Tome and Principe demonstrates the crucial role of rainfall in disease transmission and reveals important age-specific vulnerability patterns. These findings provide an evidence base for developing targeted interventions, particularly during high-rainfall periods, and suggest the need for age-stratified clinical protocols in similar island settings.
Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Do Not Cross-React with Endemic Coronaviruses in a Pediatric Population: Data from a Bangladesh Cohort
Authors: Márquez Ana Citlali , Tanunliong Guadalein , Kabir Mamun , Alam Masud , Hossain Biplob , Rashid Humaira , Jassem Agatha N. , Sekirov Inna , Haque Rashidul , Morshed Muhammad
Published: January 2025

There is a limited understanding of the immunological differences between children and adults that protect children from developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Previous infection with endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has been suggested as a factor. In this study, we used 100 paired residual samples collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic from children in Bangladesh. We compared the changes in their sero-status (no COVID-19 vs. COVID-19) and quantified antibody levels to HCoVs. We found that although 45% of the children seroconverted for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, there was no correlation between evidence of previous infection with HCoVs and the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-infection. Moreover, no differences in the anti-HCoV antibody levels were found pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Reliable Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Screening for Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses-C (PERV-C) in Pigs
Authors: Jhelum Hina , Kunec Dusan , Papatsiros Vasileios , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Denner Joachim
Published: January 2025

Porcine endogenous retrovirus C (PERV-C) is a gammaretrovirus present in the genome of many, but not all, pigs. It is an ecotropic virus, able to infect only pig cells. In contrast, PERV-A and PERV-B, which are present in all pigs, can infect cells of multiple host species, including humans, thereby posing a risk for xenotransplantation when pigs are used as donor animals. Notably, PERV-C can recombine with PERV-A to produce PERV-A/C recombinants that can infect human cells and replicate to higher titers compared to the paternal PERV-A. The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability of both existing and newly developed polymerase chain reactions (PCR) methods for detecting PERV-C, with the aim of selecting PERV-C-free pigs to be used for xenotransplantation. To detect PERV-C by PCR, specific primers targeting the region of the envelope protein gene, which differs from that of PERV-A and PERV-B due to its unique receptor binding site, must be employed. In this study, new PCR assays were developed to detect PERV-C and a total of ten PCR assays and one real-time PCR assay were evaluated for their reliability in detecting PERV-C. These assays were used to screen indigenous Greek black pigs, Auckland Island pigs, and German slaughterhouse pigs. Two of the PCR assays consistently yielded reliable results, whereas the other PCRs and the real-time PCR gave false positive results. Using the reliable assays, it was shown that one out of four indigenous Greek black pigs (using the same method in a previous publication 11 of 21 pigs were found PERV-C-negative), one out of ten German slaughterhouse pigs, the pig kidney cell line PK15, and all the Auckland Island pigs were PERV-C-negative. The reliable PCR assays will enable the screening of PERV-C-negative donor pigs to be used in xenotransplantation. Most importantly, all the Auckland Island pigs that were genetically modified in Germany for use in clinical trials were PERV-C-negative.
DDX21 Promotes PCV3 Replication by Binding to Cap Protein and Inhibiting Interferon Responses
Authors: Sun Haoyu , Dai Qianhong , Zhou Beiyi , Lan Xiaoyuan , Qiu Yonghui , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Dedong , Cui Yongqiu , Guo Jinshuo , Hou Lei , Liu Jue , Zhou Jianwei
Published: January 2025

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging pathogen that causes porcine dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome-like symptoms, multisystemic inflammation, and reproductive failure. The PCV3 capsid (Cap) protein interacts with DDX21, which functions mainly through controlling interferon (IFN)-β levels. However, how the interaction between DDX21 and PCV3 Cap regulates viral replication remains unknown. In the present study, upon shRNA-mediated DDX21 depletion in PK-15 cells, we observed impaired PCV3 proliferation via a lentivirus-delivered system, as indicated by reduced replicase (Rep) protein levels and viral titers. Furthermore, DDX21 negatively regulated IFN-β and interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) levels, promoting PCV3 replication. Mechanistically, PCV3 Cap co-localized and interacted with DDX21, and the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of PCV3 Cap and 763GSRSNRFQNK772 at the C-terminal domain (CTD) of DDX21 were indispensable to the interaction. Moreover, PCV3 infection prevented the repression of DDX21 to facilitate its pro-viral activity. Taken together, these results show that DDX21 promotes PCV3 replication by binding to the PCV3 Cap protein and prohibiting IFN-β response, which provides important insight on the prevention and control of PCV3 infection.
Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Porcine Macrophages Are Able to Inhibit the Cell Entry of Macrophage-Tropic Viruses (PRRSV and ASFV)
Authors: Han Shaojie , Oh Dayoung , Vanderheijden Nathalie , Xie Jiexiong , Balmelle Nadège , Tignon Marylène , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: January 2025

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) cause serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Both viruses show a tropism for macrophages, based on the use of specific entry mediators (e.g., Siglec-1 and CD163). Identifying additional mediators of viral entry is essential for advancing antiviral and vaccine development. In this context, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are valuable tools. This study employed a library of 166 mAbs targeting porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) to identify candidates capable of blocking early infection stages, including viral binding, internalization, and fusion. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed 74 mAbs with cytoplasmic staining and 70 mAbs with membrane staining. Fifteen reacted with blood monocytes as determined by flow cytometry. mAb blocking assays were performed at 4 °C and 37 °C to analyze the ability of mAbs to block PRRSV and/or ASFV infections in PAMs. The mAb 28C10 significantly blocked PRRSV (96% at 4 °C and 80% at 37 °C) and ASFV (64% at 4 °C and 81% at 37 °C) infections. The mAb 28G10B6 significantly blocked PRRSV (86% at 4 °C and 74% at 37 °C) and partially blocked ASFV (35% at 4 °C and 64% at 37 °C) infections. mAb 26B8F5-I only partially blocked PRRSV infection (65% at 4 °C and 46% at 37 °C). Western blotting and mass spectrometry identified the corresponding proteins as Siglec-1 (28C10; 250 kDa), MYH9 (28G10B6; 260 kDa), and ANXA1 (26B8F5-I; 37 kDa). Our findings are indicative that Siglec-1, MYH9, and ANXA1 play a role in PRRSV/ASFV entry into macrophages.
Pediatric Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States—The Growing Problem and Strategies for Management Including Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Kaushik Ashlesha , Fomicheva Julia , Boonstra Nathan , Faber Elizabeth , Gupta Sandeep , Kest Helen
Published: January 2025

Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global issue and is recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most pressing threats to public health. Defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite their availability, vaccine hesitancy undermines decades of progress in preventing vaccine-preventable diseases. The issue is complex, influenced by misinformation, distrust in healthcare systems, cultural beliefs, and access barriers. These challenges require innovative and empathetic solutions to increase vaccine acceptance. Addressing this growing epidemic requires a multifaceted approach, which involves broader strategies and policymaking and in addition, effective communication tools for clinicians. Motivational Interviewing (MI), a patient-centered communication technique, offers an effective strategy to address pediatric vaccine hesitancy by fostering trust, understanding, and informed decision-making. This review aims to explore the problem of pediatric vaccine hesitancy in the United States, examine its underlying factors, and highlight evidence-based strategies, including Motivational Interviewing, to address this growing concern in clinical and public health settings. It offers practical guidance for healthcare providers and pediatricians to tackle this growing problem effectively and emphasizes the need for a combined effort of communication, community outreach, education, and systemic policy to overcome vaccine hesitancy.
Zero-Dose Vaccination of Self-Paid Vaccines Among Migrant and Left-Behind Children in China: Evidence from Zhejiang and Henan Provinces
Authors: Zhou Yaguan , Du Heng (Anna) , Chen Shu , Tang Shenglan , Xu Xiaolin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: As zero-dose vaccination has become a global health concern, understanding the practice of self-paid immunizations in migrant and left-behind children in China is crucial to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1648 children and their caregivers in urban areas in Zhejiang Province and rural areas in Henan Province. The participants were then classified into four groups: urban local, migrant, non-left-behind, and left-behind. Results: Compared to urban local children, migrant (prevalence ratios: 1.29, 95% confidence intervals: 0.69–2.41), non-left-behind (4.72, 3.02–7.37), and left-behind (4.79, 3.03–7.56) children were more likely to be zero-dose vaccinated. Children aged 1–2 years (odds ratio: 1.60, 95% confidence intervals: 1.14–2.23) and born later (1.55, 1.12–2.14), with caregivers aged >35 years (1.49, 1.03–2.15) and less educated (elementary school or lower: 4.22, 2.39–7.45) were less likely to receive self-paid vaccinations, while caregivers other than parents (0.62, 0.41–0.94) and lower household income (0.67, 0.49–0.90) lowered the likelihood of zero-dose vaccination of self-paid vaccines. For migrant and rural zero-dose children, the majority of caregivers reported they “didn’t know where to get a vaccination”, with responses ranging from 82.3% to 93.8%. Conclusions: Migrant and rural children should be prioritized in the promotion of self-paid immunization in order to accomplish the WHO Immunization Agenda 2030’s goal of “leaving no one behind”.
Enhancing Roundabout Efficiency Through Autonomous Vehicle Coordination
Authors: Antonya Csaba , Iclodean Calin , Roșu Ioana-Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The paper discusses the potential for autonomous vehicles to improve traffic flow on roundabouts, suggesting that their ability to slow down strategically can enhance traffic and reduce pollution on both main and yielding roads. A traffic simulator for a roundabout was developed for a busy intersection of a new city neighborhood. We consider that some of the cars are self-driving, and they are fully aware of the traffic scenario. By optimizing their speed and timing their speed reduction, these vehicles can help maintain a balance between the number and time of crossing vehicles on both the main and yielding roads. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the intervention, demonstrating that autonomous vehicles can significantly improve roundabout efficiency, reducing congestion and pollution. The application of genetic algorithms is highlighted as an effective optimization method to find the right autonomous vehicle’s timing and speed reduction ratio combination on the main road to enhance traffic efficiency.
Application of the JDL Model for Care and Management of Greenhouse Banana Cultivation
Authors: Kwabena Oppong Paul , Mao Hanping , Nyatuame Mexoese , Owusu-Manu Kwabena Castro , Nutifafa Yakanu Pearl , Kwami Buami Evans
Published: January 2025

Rational management of scarce water resources is necessary. These resources are not utilised effectively. Therefore, the efficacy of irrigation management at the field level can be enhanced, and the irrigated areas can be expanded through rigorous irrigation management. By estimating water requirements in a straightforward, realistic, precise and feasible manner, achieving optimal water consumption for quality production and profitability is possible. In the context of the development of water resources in tropical and hot climates such as Ghana, estimating water demand assists farmers in planning and adjusting their requirements over time. This study assessed the water requirements of a greenhouse banana during the dry season to assure year-round cultivation, as Ghana has two primary seasons: wet and dry. The estimate was predicated using WSN and the JDL–Mivar data fusion model, which was dependent on the determination of perspiration. The results were contrasted with the existing literature, considering both climatic and biological data and other parameters during the cultivation period due to the model’s ability to fuse datasets. The study determined that the optimal indoor temperature for banana cultivation was 38.1 °C, while the minimum threshold was set at 21 °C. Significant differences and fluctuations in the maximal daily transpiration rates were observed in the water requirements for ‘WN’ values, which ranged from 25 to 50 m3/(ha·J). Banana plants require an intake of 10–20 litres of water per day during their growth season, according to the data collected from the WSN moisture sensor. The banana plants transpired between 100 and 600 kilogrammes of water for every kilogramme of dry matter produced during the humid climate, as indicated by the transpiration ratio, which ranged from 100 to 600. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) fluctuated from 3.3 in June to 4.89 in December. Our proposed method for monitoring bananas in a greenhouse will provide the cultivator with precise information about the bananas that are cultivated within the greenhouse environment. The optimal Leaf Area Index is between 3.6 and 4.5 for bananas to achieve their maximum yield potential. The relative humidity for bananas is typically around 80%, ranging from 65% to 75% during the night and approximately 80% during the day.
Research of Water Pollution Based on Vine Copula Function in the Min River Basin, China
Authors: You Tiange , Xu Yihan , Xiao Yanglan , Shen Huirou , You Linyi , Zheng Yijing , Xie Houzhan , Lei Yuwei , Chen Jiangying
Published: January 2025

At present, the protection of the ecological water environment in Min River Basin has achieved certain results, but certain problems remain that require strengthened ecological protection and environmental management. Understanding the connection between water quality factors and exploring the factors affecting water quality are of great significance in determining the pollution status of watershed water and promoting the comprehensive management of watershed water quality. In this study, water quality data collected from 20 monitoring stations were used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the quality of waters in the watershed. Then, the joint distribution of water quality factors was constructed using the C-vine copula method, and the main influencing factors of water quality were explored using the D-vine copula structure. This approach facilitated the current study of the integrated status of water quality pollution. The results and conclusions of the current study are as follows: (1) A total of four tree structure levels were constructed using the model. The indicators with the strongest correlation with water quality were total phosphorus during the flood season and total nitrogen during the dry season. (2) After the introduction of condition variables, dissolved oxygen exhibited the strongest correlation with the rest of the variables during the flood season. Moreover, the permanganate index was most strongly correlated with the rest of the variables during the dry season. (3) Pollution discharges and industrial structure had a large impact on water quality. In particular, urban wastewater discharge, the share of primary industry, and per capita GDP were key drivers of water quality. Reducing urban wastewater discharge and optimizing industrial structure are beneficial for improving water quality. The research results have certain guiding significance for allowing Fujian to achieve water environment protection and sustainable development.
Numerical Assessment of the Coastal Reservoir’s Water Reliability and Flushing in a Shallow Estuary
Authors: Khalil Usman , Sajid Mariam , Ji Rong , Liu Yizhuang , Yang Shuqing , Sivakumar Muttucumaru
Published: January 2025

Freshwater shortages in coastal regions are intensifying due to rapid urbanisation, economic growth, and climate variability, particularly in deltaic areas where rivers meet the sea. This study evaluates the feasibility of implementing a Coastal Reservoir (CR) as an innovative solution to increase freshwater availability without relying on desalination. Using the Brisbane River Estuary (BRE), Australia, as a case study, the research examines critical factors such as freshwater inflow, seawater intrusion, and reservoir volume requirements. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (MIKE 3) was calibrated and validated using observed data from the 2008 and 2011 flow events. Simulation results indicate that a freshwater discharge of 150 m3/s during a spring-neap tidal cycle effectively pushes saline water out of the estuary. The CR can store 300 GL/year of freshwater with 92% reliability, meeting Southeast Queensland’s (SEQ) annual water demand of 440 GL during drought conditions combined with existing infrastructure. During its initial filling phase, the CR can flush 95% of saltwater within 240 days, using a steady inflow of 150 m3/s. The findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of CRs as a sustainable and practical water management strategy for mitigating freshwater shortages in BRE and other similar coastal regions.
Approaches to surgical access for impacted tooth removal in the mandible: clinical case reports
Authors: Gasparyan K. K. , Mostovoy S. O. , Volobuev V. V. , Uvarova A. G.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. Delayed eruption of mandibular canines and premolars is a frequent concern in pediatric dentistry, commonly linked to tooth retention or impaction. Several treatment strategies are available to address this issue, including surgical-orthodontic repositioning into the dental arch or extraction of the affected teeth. Given the anatomical positioning of impacted teeth in the mandible, surgical procedures are often performed via a vestibular approach, which can lead to substantial bone defects and an elevated risk of microtrauma to the vascular-nerve bundle.

Description of clinical case. In the first case, during the removal of the impacted tooth 3.3 and a follicular cyst in the left mandibular region, a portable nasopharyngolaryngoscope was used to ensure sufficient visibility. The surgical intervention involved a selective method of minimally invasive osteotomy performed with a surgical hand-piece, which allowed for a reduction in the size of the bony wound and the prevention of trauma to the vascular- nerve bundle. In the second case, during the removal of the impacted tooth 3.5, a selective method of minimally invasive osteotomy was also applied, utilizing a dual vestibular approach. This technique reduced the size of the bone defect and minimized the risk of injury to the mental nerve.

Conclusion. When a tooth is positioned in proximity to the mandibular canal or mental foramen, it is essential to adjust the surgical access approach accordingly. This article provides an overview of clinical cases involving the removal of impacted teeth, highlighting the application of different surgical techniques.
Assessment of masticatory patterns in children with normal and distal occlusion
Authors: Kosolapova I. V. , Dorokhov E. V. , Kovalenko M. E. , Ippolitov Yu. A. , Zolotareva E. Yu. , Lesnikov R. V.
Published: January 2025

Relevance. The evaluation of masticatory patterns in children with normal and distal occlusion is essential for identifying potential morphological and functional disorders of the maxillofacial region and determining the need for corrective interventions.

Objective. To examine masticatory patterns in children with normal occlusion and distal occlusion (Class II, Division 1).

Materials and Methods. The study encompassed a total of 104 children aged 9 to 12 years, who were allocated into two groups: 67 children with distal occlusion (Class II, Division 1) and 37 children with normal occlusion. The evaluation was conducted over a period of six months.

Results. In children with normal occlusion, the proportion exhibiting a grinding-chewing pattern increased from 62.2% to 73% after 3 months but declined to 24.3% by the 6-month mark (p < 0.001). Conversely, in children with distal occlusion (Class II, Division 1), the prevalence of the grinding pattern increased from 38.8% to 58.2% after 3 months (p = 0.018) and further to 80.6% after 6 months (p = 0.018).

Conclusion. The proportion demonstrating a grinding-chewing pattern increased from 62.2% to 73% after 3 months; however, it subsequently declined to 24.3% by the end of the 6-month period (p < 0.001). In contrast, among children with distal occlusion (Class II, Division 1), the prevalence of the grinding-chewing pattern increased from 38.8% to 58.2% after 3 months (p = 0.018) and further rose to 80.6% at the 6-month follow-up (p = 0.018).