bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-life results of sofosbuvir based therapy for patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Zhivitsa D. G. , Zhivitsa L. V. , Shynkarenko V. L. , Tsaryova O. V. , Siyanova L. Yu. , Glazunova G. V.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study. The sofosbuvir (SOF) based regimes for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has improved rates of sustained virological response (SVR) considerably in recent trials. There is only limited data concerning the efficacy and safety in a real-life cohort. We analyzed the treatment outcome of SOF based regimes for chronic hepatitis C patients in a real life setting.

Materials and methods. This retrospective study analyzed 205 patients with chronic HCV infection. The following treatments were given according national guidelines: SOF + pegylated interferon alpha-2b + ribavirin for 12 weeks; SOF + ribavirin for 12–24 weeks.

Results. Among 3 patients withgenotype 1a HCV the SVR12 rate was 100%, among 100 patients with genotype 1bHCV the SVR12 rate was 92%, among 11 patients with genotype 2 HCV the SVR12 rate was 90.9% and among 91 patients with genotype 3a HCV the SVR 12 rate was 96,7%. Treatment was safe, most of the side effects and laboratory abnormalities (anemia, neutropenia) found during this study were associated with pegylated interferon or ribavirin.

Conclusion. In real life setting treatment regimens for chronic hepatitis C patients with SOF based regimens are highly effective and safe, including patients with cirrhosis and treatment experienced patients
Antibiotic prophylaxis of purulent and septical complications during surgical treatment of complicated gallstone disease on background of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Khimich S. D. , Muravyev F. T.
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study. The goal of this investigation was to determine the main risk factors in development of purulent and septical complications during surgical treatment of complicated gallstone disease on background of liver cirrhosis.

Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 247 patients who undergone treatment in minimally invasive surgery centre of Zhytomyr regional clinical hospital during 2009–2018. All patients with complicated gallstone disease were divided in two groups: group 1 – patients with concomitant liver cirrhosis – 79(31,98%), and group 2 – patients without liver cirrhosis – 168 (68,02%). Theinclusion criteria were presents of complicated gallstone disease (acute calculous cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis with obstructive jaundice and Mirizzi syndrome), and verified liver cirrhosis. Patients with oncological history, immunodeficiency and morbid obesity were excluded. Liver cirrhosis was staged by Child-ТurcotteРugh system. In all cases patient’s condition was assessed by APACHE II scoring system and patients with cirrhotic lesion were additionally analyzed by MELD score. Acute calculous cholecystitis was diagnosed in 185 patients: group 1 – 68(Child A – 36, Child B – 31, Child C – 1), group 2 – 117 patients. The signs of cholodecholithiasis with obstructive jaundice were present in 49 cases: group 1 – 7 (Child A – 5, Child B – 1, Child C – 1), group 2 – 42. Mirizzi syndrome was verified in 9 cases: group 1 – 2 (Child A – 1, Child B – 1, group 2 – 7.

Results and discussion. In all patients treatment was started in conservative way that included detoxic, antibacterial and hepatoprotective components. In group of control early operative tactic in cases with acute calculous cholecystitis was preferred. Antimicrobial prophylaxis was performed in cases of severe and moderate calculous cholecystitits with use of cephalosporines of 2 generation in moderate case, and protected cephalosporines of 3 generation in combination with metronidazol in severe. In main group providing of antimicrobial therapy was performed very carefully, because of higher risk of hepato-renal insufficiency. The early de-escalation therapy was mandatory performed. Purulent complications occurred in 13,2% of patient with liver cirrhosis in comparison with control group with 1,7% of complications.

Conclusion. The treatment of complicated gallstone disease in patients with liver cirrhosis is very risky in case of postoperative purulent complications. In case of Child A stage of cirrhosis the treatment is safe, and the incidents of purulent complications is the same like in the absence of cirrhosis. Administration of antibiotics in cirrhotic should be very careful because of higher risk of hepato-renal insufficiency. The early de-escalation therapy should be mandatory performed. The «gold» standard of empirical antimicrobial therapy is the use of cephalosporines of 2 and 3 generation.
İÇ MİMARLIK EĞİTİMİNE YÖNELİK UZAKTAN EĞİTİM MODELİ ÖNERİLERİ
Authors: SAKARYA Kemal
Published: October 2019

Günümüzde bilişim ve iletişim teknolojileri her
alanda olduğu gibi eğitim alanında da kullanılmaktadır. Tasarım eğitimi veren
kurumlarda geleneksel stüdyo uygulamalarının yanı sıra, tasarım sürecinde yeni
denemeler de gerçekleştirilmektedir. Popüler eğitim modellerinden biri olan
Uzaktan Eğitimin tasarım sürecinde kullanıldığı bu denemelerde, farklı
disiplinlerden tasarımcıların zaman ve mekandan bağımsız olarak ortak bir
tasarım problemi üzerinde çalışabilmesi ve tasarımcılar arasında işbirliği
kavramının geliştirilmesi, eğitimde kalitenin yükseltilmesi adına başarılı
sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu makalede, yapılan denemeler referans alınarak İç
Mimarlık eğitim programı için geliştirilmeye açık üç farklı model önerisi
planlanmış ve uygulanmak üzere önerilmiştir.
TÜRKİYE VE KKTC'DE İÇ MİMARLIK EĞİTİMİNDE KORUMA BİLİNCİ ÜZERİNE GÜNCEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: BALCI YAŞAR Sertap , YILDIRIM GÖNÜL Bilge
Published: October 2019

Sahip
olduğumuz kültürel varlıklarla oldukça zengin bir potansiyele sahip ülkemizde kültürel
mirası koruma sorunsalı üzerinde her zaman düşünmeye ve yeni fikirler
geliştirmeye ihtiyaç vardır. Yanlış uygulamalarla kaybolan değerleri geri
getirmek olası değildir. Bu yanlışların ortadan kaldırılarak kültürel mirasın
geleceğe doğru aktarılması konusunda önemli bir role sahip olan eğitimin,
ilgili alanlar kapsamında dikkatle sorgulanması ve geliştirilmesi gerekir.

Pek
çok disiplinin ilgi alanına giren Koruma olgusu ile İç Mimarlık arasındaki
ilişki, kültürel mirasın mimari ölçekteki mekansal boyutu üzerinden değerlendirilir.
Mesleki yeterlilikler açısından eğitim önemli sorumluluklar üstlenir. Disiplinler
arası ilişkiler doğrultusunda, İç Mimarlığın yanı sıra Koruma disiplininin de
gelişimine katkı sağlamayı hedefleyen bu çalışmanın konusu eğitimi irdelemeye
yöneliktir. Çalışmada konuya açıklık getiren giriş bölümünün ardından, İç
Mimarlık ve Koruma disiplinleri arasındaki ilişki açıklanmış, daha sonra Türkiye
ve KKTC’de bulunan üniversitelerdeki programlarda yer alan dersler incelenerek,
İç Mimarlık eğitiminin Koruma kapsamındaki yeterliliği araştırılmıştır. Sonuç
olarak eleştiri ve önerilerin yer aldığı çalışma göstermiştir ki; İç Mimarlık
eğitiminde lisans düzeyinde oluşturulması gereken koruma bilincinin, lisansüstü
düzeyde geliştirilmesi, mimari mirasın donanımlı uzmanlar tarafından korunması açısından
gereklidir.
TECİL MÜESSESESİNİN 6183 SAYILI KANUNA HÂKİM OLAN İLKELER AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: COŞKUN KARADAĞ Neslihan , KARABUĞA Fatih
Published: October 2019

Tecil kamu alacaklarının tahsilini düzenleyen 6183
sayılı Kanunun önemli kurumlarından birisidir. Kamu alacaklarının tahsilinde
“çok zor durumda” bulunan kamu borçlusuna borcunu erteleme ve taksitlendirme imkânı
veren tecil müessesesi bu yönüyle borçluya ödeme kolaylığı sağlarken,  alacaklı kurumun ise vadenin belirli bir süre
ertelenmesi ile alacağın tahsili ve  gelir kaynağının devamlılığını sağlamasına
yardımcı olur. Kamu alacaklarının tahsil zamanını etkileyen tecil
düzenlemesinin vergi hukukuna egemen olan kanunilik ilkesine uygun inşa
edilmesi gerektiği aşikârdır. Bunun yanında, 6183 sayılı Kanuna egemen olan
ilkeler tecil müessesesi açısından da geçerlidir. 6183 sayılı Kanuna hâkim olan
ilkeler; tahsilatın devamlılığı, vergi alacağının kesinleşmesi, tahsilatta
iktisadilik, vergi alacağının güvence altına alınması, mükelleflere kolaylık
sağlanması, yazılılık, alacaklının para ile tatmini, hapis cezası uygulamama,
modern tahsil yöntemleri kullanma ilkeleridir. Bu çalışmada tecil müessesesi
bahsi geçen ilkeler bakımından değerlendirilmiş, tecilin özellikle tahsilatın
devamlılığı, tahsilatta iktisadilik ve mükelleflere kolaylık sağlanması
ilkelerinin yansıması olan müesseselerden biri olduğu bilgisi ön plana
çıkmıştır. Oldukça eski bir düzenleme olmasına ve ödeme kolaylığı sağlayan
başka düzenlemelerin varlığına rağmen, ekonomik ve mali sıkıntıların yaşandığı
dönemlerde alacaklı açısından tahsilatının devamlılığının, borçlu açısından ödemede
kolaylık sağlanmasının yanında geciken ödemelerde ortaya çıkan tahsil  masraflarını ortadan kaldırması tecil
müessesinin vergi icra hukukundaki yerini koruduğu ve önemini arttırdığı
düşüncesine ulaşmamızı sağlamıştır.
PARENTAL ATTACHMENT, SMARTPHONE ADDICTION AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Tan Pey Shyan , Arshat Zarinah
Published: October 2019

This study aims to determine the relationships between parental attachment, smartphone addiction and stress among undergraduate students. By using a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique, a total of 400 respondents were involved in this study. Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised Mother, Father and Peer Attachment version was used to measuring parental attachment. Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version was used to measure smartphone addiction and Perceived Stress Scale-10 was used to measure stress. As expected, mother attachment, father attachment, and smartphone addiction were significantly correlated with stress. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in smartphone addiction and stress between male and female undergraduate students. This study concluded that parental attachment and smartphone addiction were significant in influencing the stress level of undergraduate students. By understanding the impact of parental attachment and smartphone addiction towards stress among undergraduate students, it helped to enhance the understanding of sources of stress in order to promote effective stress management.
SCHOOL MINDFULNESS: CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF 21ST CENTURY TEACHING AND LEARNING PRACTICE
Authors: Shafiee Nur Syarima , Abdul Ghani Mariny , Mahamood Yahaya
Published: October 2019

The advent of information and technology world demands the transformation of the education system towards the 21st-century education landscape. The Ministry of Malaysia Education (MOE) expects 21st-century teaching and learning (PAK21) methods to be cultured in all schools ahead of Wave 3 of PPPM (2021-2025). However, MOE’s aim will not succeed without the dedication and commitment of teachers and school principals. Therefore, in order to implement PAK21, principals' commitment and teacher readiness during the teaching and learning process need to be emphasized so that the aspirations of national education can be implemented. However, one of the factors that prevented the successful implementation of PAK21 was the attitude and perception of teachers. Teachers who are not ready are difficult to change traditional pedagogical methods to mindful learning which is a PAK21 element. Teachers are less likely to apply Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and prefer using passive information delivery. Additionally, teachers are reportedly still unprepared to implement PAK21 although they have been given training related to higher-order thinking skills in the teaching and learning process. Five key principles based on mindfulness theory have been identified as a significant factor in school mindfulness to help teachers willing to accept the latest pedagogical changes.
KONSTITUSIONALITAS HAK ANGKET DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT (DPR) TERHADAP KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI (KPK)
Authors: Aris Ismail , Amir Irfan , Amrianto Septian
Published: October 2019

The development of the state institutional theory requires that it no longer seals every State institution only to depend on 3 (three) branches of power as the teaching of the new separation of power theory. On the other hand, the decision of the Constitutional Court and the Revision of the KPK Law are placed as executive institutions. So it is debated whether the KPK is a subject that can be rounded up, because it is an executive institution or the KPK cannot be made a subject of questionnaire rights because of its position as an independent agency agency? This study aims to determine and analyze the authority of the DPR's questionnaire rights to the KPK and the constitutionality of the DPR's Questionnaire Rights to the KPK Perspectives on the revision of the KPK Law and Comparison in Various Countries. This type of research is the type of normative legal research. The approach used is the legislation approach and comparative law (comparison approach), the philosophical approach to the law (philosophical approach).The results of the study showed that the constitutionality of the DPR questionnaire rights was based on the original intent of the questionnaire right norm in a comprehensive draft amendment to the Basic Law, the questionnaire right was only aimed at state institutions of the executive family. In addition, Constitutional Court Decision No. 36-40 / PUU-XV / 2017, which categorizes the Corruption Eradication Commission as a group of executive institutions is in conflict with other Constitutional Court decisions, namely Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 012-016-019 / PUU-IV / 2006, 19 / PUU-V / 2007, 37-39 / PUU-VIII / 2010. 5 / PUU-IX / 2011, places the KPK as an independent agency and is categorized as faste jurisprudence (permanent jurisprudence). In addition, theoretically, the teaching of the new theory of separation of power teaches that it is no longer appropriate to place State institutions based only on 3 (three) branches of power. While the constitutionality of the DPR's questionnaire rights to the KPK Perspective of the revision of the KPK Law and Comparison in Various Countries is based on the results of research by researchers that the KPK's position in various countries is independent or dependent. For example, in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Egypt and Thailand. Likewise with the subject of state institutions that can be researched, there are no countries that address the right of questionnaires to these independent institutions. For example, the United States of America, Philippines, South Africa, all of whom address the questioning right of inquiry only as an executive state institution.
Adaptación transcultural del cuestionario POSAS (Patient and Observer Scar Assessment) para valoración de cicatrices.
Authors: Rodríguez Castillo Tomás Roberto , Sanguineti montalva Antonella , Moreno Baeza Natalia , Carrillo Gonzalez Katya , Hasbún Nazar Andrea , Lopez Nuñez Sebastian
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La escala POSAS para evaluación de cicatrices está validada y muestra ventajas sobre otras escalas por integrar parámetros cualitativos y la opinión del paciente. Tiene un uso creciente en la práctica clínica, pero hace falta su adaptación transcultural para su aplicación local.Objetivos: realizar una adaptación transcultural de la escala POSAS 2.0 original.Materiales y métodos: Con técnica de traducción dinámica se efectuó traducción de POSAS en inglés, comparación de traducciones, traducción inversa y prueba piloto en observadores y pacientes.Resultados: Se obtuvo buena correlación de traducciones, los observadores y pacientes lograron comprender el instrumento adaptado en un estudio piloto.Conclusión: Obtuvimos una versión adaptada de la escala POSAS, aplicable a población local para valoración de diferentes tipos de cicatrices. Se puede someter la escala adaptada a procesos de validación.
Pembuatan Aplikasi Panggilan Darurat Berbasis Android Menggunakan Location Based Services
Authors: Wijaya Ardi
Published: October 2019

In everyday life we often encounter emergency situations such as accidents, drowning victims, fires, crimes and so on. Certain community may have had socialization or learned how to handle or first aid the emergencies, but not all societies know how to do first aid for emergencies.This research is aimed at building an Android-based emergency call application system for Bengkulu Region so that people can dial important phone numbers and public services when there is a crime or accident. The benefits of this application is as a medium to facilitate users of mobile devices based on Android in making emergency public service calls. From the problems that occur then, the problem of this research is How to Create Android-Based Emergency Call Applications For Bengkulu Region Using Location Based Services. The purpose of this research is to Design and Build Android-Based Emergency Call Applications for Bengkulu Region Using LBS Technology and create easily and quickly Emergency safe Calling System. The place of research is conducted on public service in Bengkulu city and is independently created. Data collection is done by using interview, observation and literature study method. The results showed that Applications that are created can help people to face emergencies so they do not get constrained when looking for agencies contact information that provide assistance services in times of emergency.Keywords :      Applications, Emergency Calls, LBS
Traditional Expressions as a Source of Local Wisdom
Authors: Sarman Sarman
Published: October 2019

Traditional expressions is one of folklore verbal that need to be preserved. Some expressions of traditional contain many teachings, social values, cultural, economic, religiosity, outlook on life, leadership, and even political values, so that the relationship of folklore Bangka language with expressions of folklore is very relevant because some of the culture of a collective that is inherited and passed down through generations. This study aims to describe the value and function of a traditional expression in Bangka community. This study is conducted by  qualitative descriptive method and techniques of literature and interviews. Bangka traditional expression has a function as a medium to deliver advice, criticism, jokes, prohibition and religion.Keywords: traditional expressions, functions, qualitative descriptive
تقنين مقياس آيزنك للشخصية المُعَّدل على عينة ليبية من مدينة مصراتة
Authors: المدني خالد محمد
Published: October 2019

يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تقنين التعديل الأخير لمقياس آيزنك للشخصية على عينة ليبية من مدينة مصراتة بلغت (784) طالباً وطالبةً من المرحلة الثانوية والجامعية في مدينة مصراتة، من خلال اختبار الخصائص السيكومترية للمقياس على عينة التقنين، واشتقاق معايير محلية تصلح للاستخدام في المجتمع المحلي، وقد وفر البحث الحالي مؤشرات جيدة لصدق المقياس وثباته من خلال اختبار الصدق البنائي للمقياس، واختبار ثبات المقياس وتجانسه الداخلي، كما وفر البحث معدلات أداء عينة التقنين على الاختبارات الأربعة التي يقيسها مقياس آيزنك للشخصية المعدل، والخطأ المعياري للمقاييس، وأخيرًا، وفر البحث الحالي معايير مئينية ودرجات معيارية، ودرجات معيارية معدلة تائية وفقا لمتغيري الجنس والعمر لمقياس العصابية والانبساط، ووفقا لمتغير الجنس لمقياس الذهانية تصلح للاستخدام في مدينة مصراتة.
Pre-service Teachers’ Opinion about Inquiry-Based Learning Through Kindergarten Space
Authors: Sounoglou Marina
Published: October 2019

The research process is a safe way for children to learn. The inquiry-based learning in kindergarten enables children to deepen their knowledge and expand it on existing ones. The kindergarten space contributes to it depending on its layout and how it is utilized of them. The methodology that used was the qualitative discourse analysis in the submitted minutes of students' activities and evaluations coded for the concept of inquiry-based learning. The research sample consists of the texts of 159 pre-service teachers from the School of Preschool Education of the University of Thessaly. The results make it clear that, based on the research questions posed in the present study, pre-service teachers believe that inquiry-based learning can be cultivated in relation to the way that the space is shaped.
Opningshelsing
Authors: Olsen Sonni
Published: October 2019

Opning av Wikipedia-akademiet 2015
Wikipedia som indikator og motor for språkleg revitalisering
Authors: Trosterud Trond
Published: October 2019

Presentasjon frå Wikipedia-akademiet 2015

Wikipedia finst for 287 språk, og på same måte som språka sjølv, varierer storleiken på dei ulikeWikipediaversjonane. Storleiken på språksamfunnet er likevel berre ein av fleire faktorar som harinnverknad på kor vellukka Wikipedia kan bli.

Tema her er 6 mellomstore Wikipedia-versjonar (70000-400000 artiklar), alle for uralske språk iRussland, dei for moksja, erzja, vestmarisk, austmarisk, udmurtisk og komi. Vi vil sjå på i kor storgrad dei ulike wp-versjonane kan fungere som indikatorar for språksituasjonen i dei ulikespråksamfunna.

Vi vil også sjå på i kor stor grad wp-versjonane er brukbare som språkteknologisk ressurs.
The Inability of Podocytes to Proliferate: Cause, Consequences, and Origin
Authors: Kriz Wilhelm
Published: October 2019

This study presents a theoretical analysis of the problems related to the inability of podocytes to proliferate. The basis of these problems is the very high rate of glomerular filtration. Podocytes do not in general die by apoptosis or necrosis but are lost by detachment from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) as viable cells. Podocytes situated on the outside of the filtration barrier and attached to the GBM only by their foot processes are permanently exposed to the flow dynamic forces of the high filtration rate tending to detach them from the GBM. The major challenge seems to consist of the high shear stresses on the foot processes within the filtration slits due to filtrate flow. Healthy podocytes are able to resist this challenge, injured podocytes are not, and may undergo foot process detachment, leading to a gap in the podocyte cover of the GBM. This represents a mortal event. Like a dam break, such a leak cannot be repaired. The ongoing exposure to filtrate flow prevents any attempt to close the gap, thus preventing any regeneration including cell proliferation. An improvement of this precarious situation consists of healing by scarring that may involve only one lobule of the glomerulus, permitting the remaining lobules to maintain filtration. An answer to the question of which waste product requires such a high filtration rate for its excretion may be in the huge quantity of circulating peptides, a problem that dates far back in evolution.
Remaining useful life prediction for fractional degradation processes under varying modes
Authors: Xi Xiaopeng , Zhou Donghua , Chen Maoyin , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
Published: October 2019

Degradation processes of practical chemical engineering systems are difficult to model accurately because of complicated nonlinearities, non‐stationarities, and non‐Markovian properties. Traditional prognostics techniques tend to neglect the multi‐mode switching issue, and therefore cannot be used for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of a piece of long‐life equipment, especially when it is continuously operated under varying modes. Specifically, the stationarity of differential data also plays an important role in depicting the evolutionary trend, and further affects the extrapolation procedure for RUL prediction. In this paper, we construct a multi‐mode degradation model with regard to fractional diffusion processes by considering both stationary and non‐stationary increments. The drift term is represented as a time‐related nonlinear function, while the diffusion term is driven by fractional Brownian motion (FBM) or sub‐fractional Brownian motion (sub‐FBM), according to the results of the stationary test. Based on the monitored data, the model is identified by combining change‐point detection and parameter estimation. The closed‐form distribution of RUL is then derived through a weak convergence transformation. A numerical example and a case study of a large blast furnace are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed prognostics framework.
Morphology‐controlled Tantalum Diselenide Structures as Self‐optimizing Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Wang Min , Zhang Li , Huang Meirong , Liu Yuan , Zhong Yujia , Pan Jialiang , Wang Yiran , Zhu Hongwei
Published: October 2019

Metallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials based on Group 5 transition metals are attracting substantial interests as alternative catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, controllable preparation of tantalum diselenide (TaSe2) remains challenging, which has hindered the exploration on its application in HER. Herein, we develop a facile method named surface‐assisted chemical vapor transport (SACVT) for controllable synthesis of TaSe2 plates and nanobelts, by regulating the molar ratio of selenium to tantalum and reaction temperature. Unique quasi‐arrays and self‐supported structure help TaSe2 nanobelt own more active sites and higher ability of charge transfer, so it is superior to TaSe2 plate in electrocatalytic HER. Interestingly, they both exhibit the ability to optimize their morphologies upon cycling for dramatically improved and robust electrocatalytic performance. The self‐optimized structures can increase the effective active surface by exposing more active sites on the basal‐planes and edges, shorten the interlayer electron‐transfer pathways at a thinned domain, and accelerate the charge transfer, which mainly derive from high basal‐plane activity and weak interaction between layers of metallic TaSe2. This work provides a reliable way for controllable synthesis of different TaSe2 structures, motivating further efforts to explore new high‐efficiency catalysts in the large family of metallic TMDs for electrochemical energy conversion.
Highly sensitive detection of GATA1 mutations in patients with myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome by combining Sanger and targeted next generation sequencing
Authors: Terui Kiminori , Toki Tsutomu , Taga Takashi , Iwamoto Shotaro , Miyamura Takako , Hasegawa Daisuke , Moritake Hiroshi , Hama Asahito , Nakashima Kentaro , Kanezaki Rika , Kudo Ko , Saito Akiko M. , Horibe Keizo , Adachi Souichi , Tomizawa Daisuke , Ito Etsuro
Published: October 2019

Myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (ML‐DS) is characterized by a predominance of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, the presence of GATA1 mutations and a favorable outcome. Because DS children can also develop conventional acute myeloid leukemia with unfavorable outcome, detection of GATA1 mutations is important for diagnosis of ML‐DS. However, myelofibrosis and the significant frequency of dry taps have hampered practical screening of GATA1 mutations using bone marrow (BM) samples. In response to those problems, 82 patients were enrolled in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group AML‐D11 study. GATA1 mutations were analyzed by Sanger sequencing (SS) using genomic DNA (gDNA) from BM and cDNA from peripheral blood (PB) followed by targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using pooled diagnostic samples. BM and PB samples were obtained from 71 (87%) and 82 (100%) patients, respectively. GATA1 mutations were detected in 46 (56%) and 58 (71%) patients by SS using BM gDNA and PB cDNA, respectively. Collectively, GATA1 mutations were identified in 73/82 (89%) patients by SS. Targeted NGS detected GATA1 mutations in 74/82 (90%) patients. Finally, combining the results of SS with those of targeted NGS, GATA1 mutations were identified in 80/82 (98%) patients. These results indicate that SS using BM gDNA and PB cDNA is a rapid and useful method for screening for GATA1 mutations in ML‐DS patients. Thus, a combination of SS and targeted NGS is a sensitive and useful method to evaluate the actual incidence and clinical significance of GATA1 mutations in ML‐DS patients.
DALI and the persistence of protein shape
Authors: Holm Liisa
Published: October 2019

DALI is a popular resource for comparing protein structures. The software is based on distance‐matrix alignment. The associated web server provides tools to navigate, integrate and organize some data pushed out by genomics and structural genomics. The server has been running continuously for the past 25 years. Structural biologists routinely use DALI to compare a new structure against previously known protein structures. If significant similarities are discovered, it may indicate a distant homology, that is, that the structures are of shared origin. This may be significant in determining the molecular mechanisms, as these may remain very similar from a distant predecessor to the present day, for example, from the last common ancestor of humans and bacteria. Meta‐analysis of independent reference‐based evaluations of alignment accuracy and fold discrimination shows DALI at top rank in six out of 12 studies. The web server and standalone software are available from http://ekhidna2.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali.
Introduction: Storied Spaces of Contemporary Nordic Literature
Authors: Malmio Kristina , Kurikka Kaisa
Published: October 2019

The introduction presents the aims, objectives, and contents of Contemporary Nordic Literature and Spatiality. It offers an overview of the theoretical notions of spatiality used in the chapters and explores some of the key words of the volume (such as spatiality, Nordic literature, and the spatial turn). The chapter introduces the main notions of spatiality in use in the volume, such as the interconnectedness of spatiality to include both humans and non-humans. It also discusses the four sections and the principles of organization of the volume. The introduction problematizes our focus on a special geographical area, namely the continental North, and discusses recent trends in Nordic literature.
On the Commons: A Geocritical Reading of Amager Fælled
Authors: Friis Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

This chapter proposes a geocritical reading of a rather inconspicuous place in Denmark which nonetheless stands out by virtue of its strikingly insistent appearance in Danish literature during the past three years. To read geocritically means, in Bertrand Westphal’s phrasing, to examine “the multifocalization of viewpoints on a given reference space,” and this is precisely what the place that will be examined here makes possible, since quite a lot has actually been written about it recently.

Following Westphal, I shall regard the specific place that is of interest here, Amager Fælled (or in English, Amager Common) as a place whose specificity engenders specific movements within the literature that interacts with it.
Mapping a Postmodern Dystopia: Hassan Loo Sattarvandi’s Construction of a Swedish Suburb
Authors: Sarrimo Cristine
Published: October 2019

In his novel Still (2008), the author Sattarvandi maps a postmodern dystopia by locating a few male protagonists in the suburb of Hagalund, which is located outside the capital Stockholm. The place depicted is a space of exile and confinement that is socially deprived and culturally appropriated. The inhabitants are disconnected from the city and the nation, and are instead positioned according to a local-global scale creating a space of interstitiality. When acknowledged as a historical site, Sattarvandi’s dystopian version of this particular suburb emerges as a complex urban space in transformation informed by its early modern, modern as well as postmodern cultural, historical and political contexts.
Living Side by Side in an Individualized Society: Home, Place, and Social Relations in Late Modern Swedish-Language Picturebooks
Authors: Hermansson Kristina
Published: October 2019

This chapter examines the interplay between place and social relations in three Swedish-language picturebooks published in Sweden and Finland between 2006 and 2014. They all deal with issues of neighborhood in late modern society. The stories are primarily situated at a camping site, in a row of terraced houses, and in different flats in a block of apartments and its environment. These works all address questions that are often dealt with by late modern cultural theory, such as individualism, social isolation, and security. The picturebooks also present the most common narrative patterns in children’s literature, namely home-away-home, by somewhat shifting the traditional concept of home as a private, safe place to return to. By primarily utilizing Doreen Massey’s theories, this study explores how the presentations of place interplay with the presentations of social relations.
Love, Longing, and the Smartphone: Lena Andersson, Vigdis Hjorth, and Hanne Ørstavik
Authors: Refsum Christian
Published: October 2019

I discuss three novels by three contemporary Nordic writers: Lena Andersson, Vigdis Hjorth, and Hanne Ørstavik. All the novels describe experiences of love, waiting, and longing. In all of them mobile phones serve as apparatuses for availability and for capturing and holding attention. I first present the smartphone as an apparatus in a critical theoretical context, stressing how mobile technology restructures the experience of time and space in late modernity. I then discuss how this challenges the literary discourse on love and longing, which to a large extent has been developed in epistolary genres. Finally, I discuss how Andersson, Hjorth, and Ørstavik describe cell phones and smartphones as apparatuses for desubjectivation and subjectivation in a new critical literary situation.
Stavanger, Pre- and Postmodern: Øyvind Rimbereid’s Poetry and the Tradition of Topographic Verse
Authors: Andersen Hadle Oftedal
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, I aim to give a presentation of the pre-Romantic tradition of topographic verse and show how a dialogue with this tradition is used in the depictions of the Stavanger region in postmodern times in Norwegian writer Øyvind Rimbereid’s poetry, focusing on the dystopian long poem “Solaris Corrected” (2004). As the topographic verse predates the understanding of landscape, it follows that the depiction of the Stavanger region follows other paths. The main point in the poem is that work is what defines man, and region. The presence of an offshore oil industry is the all-encompassing feature, to an extent where the local language changes dramatically, to a mix of all languages surrounding the North Sea basin.
Minimally invasive reconstruction technique for chronic Achilles tendon tears allows rapid return to walking and leads to good functional recovery
Authors: Bąkowski Paweł , Ciemniewska-Gorzela Kinga , Talaśka Krzysztof , Górecki Jan , Wojtkowiak Dominik , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Piontek Tomasz
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Chronic Achilles tendon tears, including chronic ruptures with end gap over 6 cm making end-to-end suturing impossible, can be treated with autologous hamstring graft reconstruction. The primary goal of this study was to present the biomechanical and long-term clinical results of recently developed minimally invasive Achilles tendon reconstruction technique.

Methods

Minimally invasive Achilles tendon reconstruction was applied to 8 foot and ankle cadaveric specimens as well as 18 patients with chronic Achilles tendon tears. Repaired cadavers were subjected to the biomechanical testing using a cyclic loading protocol. Patients with reconstructed Achilles tendon were subjected to the clinical, functional and isokinetic tests at 12 months after the treatment.

Results

All of tested Achilles cadaveric specimens survived 2 loading blocks (250 cycles of 10–100 N load followed by additional 250 cycles of 10–200 N load). With three specimens, it was possible to perform the third cyclic loading block with 20-300 N load and two specimens survived the fourth block with 20–400 N load. Therefore, a mean number of 838 cycles (±178) within the range of 509–1000 was recorded. Two specimens which survived all 1000 cycles were pulled to failure at 25 mm/s rate. The results obtained in the load to failure testing were as follows: 398 N and 608 N of maximum load. The results of functional heel rise endurance test and single leg hop for distance test indicated a decrease in the endurance and strength of the injured limb. However, the results of the weight-bearing lunge tests indicated no tendency for elongation of the Achilles tendon. A comparative analysis of the isokinetic test results for the non-injured and injured limb was revealed no statistically significant differences for every isokinetic test (n. s.), with significant difference for isometric strength parameters (p = 0.0006).

Conclusions

The results of the biomechanical tests as well as 1-year extensive functional, clinical and isokinetic results of the minimally invasive technique for chronic Achilles tendon tears are encouraging. Patients returned to their normal physical activity, including sport pre-injury level in most cases.

Level of evidence

III
Analytic Combinatorics of Lattice Paths with Forbidden Patterns, the Vectorial Kernel Method, and Generating Functions for Pushdown Automata
Authors: Asinowski Andrei , Bacher Axel , Banderier Cyril , Gittenberger Bernhard
Published: October 2019

In this article we develop a vectorial kernel method—a powerful method which solves in a unified framework all the problems related to the enumeration of words generated by a pushdown automaton. We apply it for the enumeration of lattice paths that avoid a fixed word (a pattern), or for counting the occurrences of a given pattern. We unify results from numerous articles concerning patterns like peaks, valleys, humps, etc., in Dyck and Motzkin paths. This refines the study by Banderier and Flajolet from 2002 on enumeration and asymptotics of lattice paths: we extend here their results to pattern-avoiding walks/bridges/meanders/excursions. We show that the autocorrelation polynomial of this forbidden pattern, as introduced by Guibas and Odlyzko in 1981 in the context of rational languages, still plays a crucial role for our algebraic languages. En passant, our results give the enumeration of some classes of self-avoiding walks, and prove several conjectures from the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. Finally, we also give the trivariate generating function (length, final altitude, number of occurrences of the pattern p), and we prove that the number of occurrences is normally distributed and linear with respect to the length of the walk: this is what Flajolet and Sedgewick call an instance of Borges’s theorem.
Real-time monitoring of driver drowsiness on mobile platforms using 3D neural networks
Authors: Wijnands Jasper S. , Thompson Jason , Nice Kerry A. , Aschwanden Gideon D. P. A. , Stevenson Mark
Published: October 2019

Driver drowsiness increases crash risk, leading to substantial road trauma each year. Drowsiness detection methods have received considerable attention, but few studies have investigated the implementation of a detection approach on a mobile phone. Phone applications reduce the need for specialised hardware and hence, enable a cost-effective roll-out of the technology across the driving population. While it has been shown that three-dimensional (3D) operations are more suitable for spatiotemporal feature learning, current methods for drowsiness detection commonly use frame-based, multi-step approaches. However, computationally expensive techniques that achieve superior results on action recognition benchmarks (e.g. 3D convolutions, optical flow extraction) create bottlenecks for real-time, safety-critical applications on mobile devices. Here, we show how depthwise separable 3D convolutions, combined with an early fusion of spatial and temporal information, can achieve a balance between high prediction accuracy and real-time inference requirements. In particular, increased accuracy is achieved when assessment requires motion information, for example, when sunglasses conceal the eyes. Further, a custom TensorFlow-based smartphone application shows the true impact of various approaches on inference times and demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time monitoring based on out-of-sample data to alert a drowsy driver. Our model is pre-trained on ImageNet and Kinetics and fine-tuned on a publicly available Driver Drowsiness Detection dataset. Fine-tuning on large naturalistic driving datasets could further improve accuracy to obtain robust in-vehicle performance. Overall, our research is a step towards practical deep learning applications, potentially preventing micro-sleeps and reducing road trauma.
Influence of particle size on vertical plate penetration into dense cohesionless granular materials (large-scale DEM simulation using real particle size)
Authors: Miyai Shinichiro , Kobayakawa Murino , Tsuji Takuya , Tanaka Toshitsugu
Published: October 2019

The influence of the particle size on the vertical plate penetration into dense cohesionless granular materials was numerically investigated. Simulations were performed in quasi-two-dimensional conditions by changing the mean particle diametersd50but maintaining the plate thicknessBfromB/d50 = 63–2.6. The initial bulk packing fraction was kept high, irrespective of the particle size. In the smallest particle size case (B/d50 = 63), the size ratio reached almost the same level as that in the laboratory experiments using natural sand particles. The results demonstrated that the mean penetration resistance force acting on the plate tip surface increases with a decrease ofB/d50, while the tangential force acting on the side surfaces does not change withB/d50. Tip resistances increase linearly with the penetration depth, while the tangential resistances increase with the square of the depth regardless ofB/d50. The behavior of the resistance fluctuations changes qualitatively betweenB/d50 = 31 and 21. For all cases, we confirmed the formation of a wedge-shaped flow with a high forward velocity in front of the plate tip. The wedge flow width was larger than the plate thickness by almost a mean particle diameter, and was responsible for the increase in the mean resistance depending on the particle size. For the largeB/d50cases only, the resistance exhibited quasi-periodic fluctuations, which was attributable to the intermittent nucleation and disappearance of the shear bands. Moreover, we investigated the dependence ofB/d50on the band evolutions by analyzing the band thickness.

Graphic abstract

The influence of the particle size on the vertical plate penetration into dense cohesionless granular materials was numerically investigated using DEM. Simulations were performed in quasi-two-dimensional conditions by changing the median particle diametersd50but maintaining the plate thicknessB. The initial bulk packing fraction was kept high, irrespective of the particle size. Upper and lower figures show the result of small (B/d50= 63) and large particle size case (B/d50= 21), respectively. In the small particle size case (B/d50= 63), the size ratio reached almost the same level as that in the laboratory and the dynamics of 35.5 million particles was considered. Right and left figures illustrate instantaneous shear strain rate and local packing fraction distributions, respectively. Large qualitative change in the granular behaviors as well as penetration resistance was observed betweenB/d50= 31 and 21. The intermittent nucleation and disappearance of the shear bands were clearly observed only for largeB/d50cases.
Severe pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with insidious pulmonary thromboembolism: a case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Lili , Yin Chunyang , Gu Xiaoyan , Tang Xiaojun , Zhang Xia , Hu Chunmei , Chen Wei
Published: October 2019

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an acute and severe disease with high mortality, which is prone to be misdiagnosed or ignored especially when complicated with tuberculosis (TB). Even though TB has been considered as a risk factor for PTE, there is rare report of TB with PTE worldwide. Which TB patients are more susceptible to PTE is still not clear. Here, we described a case report of PTE with pulmonary TB in a 28-year-old man, who had no risk factors for pulmonary thrombosis at admission and developed a medium-high PTE after initiating anti-TB therapy. After local thrombolysis with interventional therapy and sequential intravenous thrombolysis, combined with long-term anticoagulation, the PTE of the patient disappeared. At follow-up of 4 months, the patient was re-examined with chest enhanced CT and no obvious emboli was found. We emphasize that acute or severe TB infection should be included in the thromboembolism risk assessment and prophylactic use of anticoagulants may be considered even if there are no other obvious risk factors. Interventional therapy is a good option for thrombolysis treatment if hospital condition permits.
Realistic Speech-Driven Facial Animation with GANs
Authors: Vougioukas Konstantinos , Petridis Stavros , Pantic Maja
Published: October 2019

Speech-driven facial animation is the process that automatically synthesizes talking characters based on speech signals. The majority of work in this domain creates a mapping from audio features to visual features. This approach often requires post-processing using computer graphics techniques to produce realistic albeit subject dependent results. We present an end-to-end system that generates videos of a talking head, using only a still image of a person and an audio clip containing speech, without relying on handcrafted intermediate features. Our method generates videos which have (a) lip movements that are in sync with the audio and (b) natural facial expressions such as blinks and eyebrow movements. Our temporal GAN uses 3 discriminators focused on achieving detailed frames, audio-visual synchronization, and realistic expressions. We quantify the contribution of each component in our model using an ablation study and we provide insights into the latent representation of the model. The generated videos are evaluated based on sharpness, reconstruction quality, lip-reading accuracy, synchronization as well as their ability to generate natural blinks.
Fabrication of aortic bioprosthesis by decellularization, fibrin glue coating and re-endothelization: a cell scaffold approach
Authors: Walawalkar Sonal , Almelkar Shahdab
Published: October 2019

Aortic dysfunctions (aneurysm, aortitis) lead to the most serious conditions related to aortic wall with life-threatening complications. The most common modality of management for such conditions is replacement (diseased part) of aorta by a larger diameter stent (reconstructive vascular surgery) which in itself is a big trial. The most natural way is to use a re-endothelized scaffold. Developing a scaffold with biomimetic properties is an experimental aim for most of the scientists and surgeons. We aim to structure a strategy to overcome the well-known problems associated with aorta. In this study, we plan to remold a larger diameter blood vessel such as aorta from xenogeneic origin using different protocols to decellularize and comparing them with normal aorta. The chemicals and enzymes used for bovine aorta decellularization are 1% SDS (group II), 70% ethanol + 0.25% trypsin (group III), 70% ethanol (group IV), and 0.25% trypsin (group V). Group I served as control (without decellularization). Histology and SEM study were conducted for cellular presence/absence in all scaffolds. Later, the scaffolds were coated with the fibrin glue (FG) and endothelial cells were proliferated over them. 3D images were taken showing the remolding of the endothelial cells on FG-coated surfaces. The re-endothelization was confirmed by lectin and vWF+/+ expression. Graft elasticity and burst pressure were confirmed by biomechanical tensile testing. Further, the absence of host tissue DNA and presence of cellular DNA after re-endothelialization were confirmed by PicoGreen assay. The acceptability for metabolically active cellular proliferation on scaffolds and its non-toxicity were proved by cell viability assay. Current findings accomplish that larger diameter aorta extracellular matrix scaffold (group II) can be fabricated and re-endothelialized to develop non-thrombotic surfaces with improved graft patency with promising results compared to other fabricated scaffold groups.