bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survivin regulates intracellular stiffness and extracellular matrix production in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Krajnik Amanda , Nimmer Erik , Brazzo Joseph A. , Biber John C. , Drewes Rhonda , Tumenbayar Bat-Ider , Sullivan Andra , Pham Khanh , Krug Alanna , Heo Yuna , Kolega John , Heo Su-Jin , Lee Kwonmoo , Weil Brian R. , Kim Deok-Ho , Gupte Sachin A. , Bae Yongho
Published: October 2023

Vascular dysfunction is a common cause of cardiovascular diseases characterized by the narrowing and stiffening of arteries, such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension. Arterial narrowing results from the aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their increased synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These, in turn, are modulated by arterial stiffness, but the mechanism for this is not fully understood. We found that survivin is an important regulator of stiffness-mediated ECM synthesis and intracellular stiffness in VSMCs. Whole-transcriptome analysis and cell culture experiments showed that survivin expression is upregulated in injured femoral arteries in mice and in human VSMCs cultured on stiff fibronectin-coated hydrogels. Suppressed expression of survivin in human VSMCs significantly decreased the stiffness-mediated expression of ECM components related to arterial stiffening, such as collagen-I, fibronectin, and lysyl oxidase. By contrast, expression of these ECM proteins was rescued by ectopic expression of survivin in human VSMCs cultured on soft hydrogels. Interestingly, atomic force microscopy analysis showed that suppressed or ectopic expression of survivin decreases or increases intracellular stiffness, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that inhibiting Rac and Rho reduces survivin expression, elucidating a mechanical pathway connecting intracellular tension, mediated by Rac and Rho, to survivin induction. Finally, we found that survivin inhibition decreases FAK phosphorylation, indicating that survivin-dependent intracellular tension feeds back to maintain signaling through FAK. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which survivin potentially modulates arterial stiffness.
ACEpotentials.jl: A Julia implementation of the atomic cluster expansion
Authors: Witt William C. , van der Oord Cas , Gelžinytė Elena , Järvinen Teemu , Ross Andres , Darby James P. , Ho Cheuk Hin , Baldwin William J. , Sachs Matthias , Kermode James , Bernstein Noam , Csányi Gábor , Ortner Christoph
Published: October 2023

We introduce ACEpotentials.jl, a Julia-language software package that constructs interatomic potentials from quantum mechanical reference data using the Atomic Cluster Expansion [R. Drautz, Phys. Rev. B 99, 014104 (2019)]. As the latter provides a complete description of atomic environments, including invariance to overall translation and rotation as well as permutation of like atoms, the resulting potentials are systematically improvable and data efficient. Furthermore, the descriptor’s expressiveness enables use of a linear model, facilitating rapid evaluation and straightforward application of Bayesian techniques for active learning. We summarize the capabilities of ACEpotentials.jl and demonstrate its strengths (simplicity, interpretability, robustness, performance) on a selection of prototypical atomistic modelling workflows.
High-order moment closure models with random batch method for efficient computation of multiscale turbulent systems
Authors: Qi Di , Liu Jian-Guo
Published: October 2023

We propose a high-order stochastic–statistical moment closure model for efficient ensemble prediction of leading-order statistical moments and probability density functions in multiscale complex turbulent systems. The statistical moment equations are closed by a precise calibration of the high-order feedbacks using ensemble solutions of the consistent stochastic equations, suitable for modeling complex phenomena including non-Gaussian statistics and extreme events. To address challenges associated with closely coupled spatiotemporal scales in turbulent states and expensive large ensemble simulation for high-dimensional systems, we introduce efficient computational strategies using the random batch method (RBM). This approach significantly reduces the required ensemble size while accurately capturing essential high-order structures. Only a small batch of small-scale fluctuation modes is used for each time update of the samples, and exact convergence to the full model statistics is ensured through frequent resampling of the batches during time evolution. Furthermore, we develop a reduced-order model to handle systems with really high dimensions by linking the large number of small-scale fluctuation modes to ensemble samples of dominant leading modes. The effectiveness of the proposed models is validated by numerical experiments on the one-layer and two-layer Lorenz ‘96 systems, which exhibit representative chaotic features and various statistical regimes. The full and reduced-order RBM models demonstrate uniformly high skill in capturing the time evolution of crucial leading-order statistics, non-Gaussian probability distributions, while achieving significantly lower computational cost compared to direct Monte-Carlo approaches. The models provide effective tools for a wide range of real-world applications in prediction, uncertainty quantification, and data assimilation.
Numerical investigation of viscous fingering in a three-dimensional cubical domain
Authors: Varshney Garima , Pal Anikesh
Published: October 2023

We perform three-dimensional numerical simulations to understand the role of viscous fingering in sweeping a high-viscous fluid (HVF). These fingers form due to the injection of a low-viscous fluid (LVF) into a porous media containing the high-viscous fluid. We find that the sweeping of HVF depends on different parameters such as the injection velocity (U0) of the LVF, ease of diffusion of the fluid (D), and the logarithmic viscosity ratio of HVF and LVF ℜ. The two-phase Darcy's law module of COMSOL Multiphysics is used to simulate different cases with varying parameters. At high values of U0 and ℜ and lower values of D, the fingers grow non-linearly, resulting in earlier tip splitting of the fingers and breakthrough, further leading to poor sweeping of the HVF. In contrast, the fingers evolve uniformly at low values of U0 and ℜ, resulting in an efficient sweeping of the HVF, while a higher diffusion coefficient leads to a smooth flow with fewer fingers. We also estimate the sweep efficiency and conclude that the parameters U0, D, and ℜ be chosen optimally to minimize the non-linear growth of the fingers to achieve an efficient sweeping of the HVF.
Step-barrier dynamical system
Authors: Takayama Ken
Published: October 2023

The step-barrier dynamical system is discussed in detail. The behavior of particles captured in the barrier bucket remarkably varies depending on their initial conditions. The intrinsic nature of motion observed in the fully normalized area-preserving mapping simulations is simply clarified by a value of energy or momentum of particle at the initial stage. A rational initial value of y in the normalized phase space (x, y) at beginning leads to the periodic solution. Meanwhile, an irrational value of y gives the oscillation in amplitude with multi-frequency, resulting in broad tracks in the phase space. Effectively, the barrier bucket size is reduced due to these broad tracks. We arrive at the concept of effective stable region, which is defined by the contour of the averaged step-barrier Hamiltonian and useful in actual applications.
Chirality-induced spin splitting in 1D InSeI
Authors: Zhao Shu , Hu Jiaming , Zhu Ziye , Yao Xiaoping , Li Wenbin
Published: October 2023

Spin–orbit coupling in chiral materials can induce chirality-dependent spin splitting, enabling electrical manipulation of spin polarization. Here, we use first-principles calculations to investigate the electronic states of chiral one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor InSeI, which has two enantiomorphic configurations with left- and right-handedness. We find that opposite spin states exist in the left- and right-handed 1D InSeI with significant spin splitting and spin-momentum collinear locking. Although the spin states at the conduction band minimum (CBM) and valence band maximum of 1D InSeI are both nearly degenerate, a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition occurs when a moderate tensile strain (∼4%) is applied along the 1D chain direction, leading to a sizable spin splitting (∼0.11 eV) at the CBM. These findings indicate that 1D InSeI is a promising material for chiral spintronics.
Measuring low doping level and short carrier lifetime in indium arsenide with a contactless terahertz technique at room temperature
Authors: Guise J. , Ratovo H. , Thual M. , Fehlen P. , Gonzalez-Posada Flores F. , Rodriguez J.-B. , Cerutti L. , Centeno E. , Blin S. , Taliercio T.
Published: October 2023

Non-destructive, reliable, and accurate measurements of low doping levels and carrier lifetimes in small direct-bandgap semiconductors such as indium arsenide (InAs) at room temperature are challenging due to intrinsic limitations of conventional experimental techniques. In this article, we introduce a contactless optical-terahertz (THz) pump–probe technique in a continuous-wave regime measuring low doping levels in the 1015−1016cm−3 range and lifetimes down to 8 ns at room temperature in InAs. We show that a single-parameter material model can be used to retrieve the free carrier density from THz transmission measurements of InAs layers. Additionally, we show that lifetime of photogenerated excess carriers can be measured by modulating this carrier density using an amplitude-modulated optical pump.
Effect of wall free energy formulation on the wetting phenomenon: Conservative Allen–Cahn model
Authors: Zhang Hongmin , Wu Yanchen , Wang Fei , Nestler Britta
Published: October 2023

Cahn introduced the concept of wall energy to describe the interaction between two immiscible fluids and a solid wall [J. W. Cahn, J. Chem. Phys. 66, 3667–3672 (1977)]. This quintessential concept has been successfully applied to describe various wetting phenomena of a droplet in contact with a solid surface. The usually formulated wall free energy results in the so-called surface composition that is not equal to the bulk composition. This composition difference leads to a limited range of contact angles which can be achieved by the linear/high-order polynomial wall free energy. To address this issue and to improve the adaptability of the model, we symmetrically discuss the formulation of the wall free energy on the Young’s contact angle via Allen–Cahn model. In our model, we modify the calculation of the fluid-solid interfacial tensions according to the Cahn’s theory by considering the excess free energy contributed by the distorted composition profile induced by the surface effect. Additionally, we propose a semi-obstacle wall free energy which enforces the surface composition to be the bulk composition within the framework of bulk obstacle potential. By this way, the accuracy of the contact angle close to 0° and 180° is significantly improved in the phase-field simulations. We further reveal that the volume preservation term in the conservative Allen–Cahn model has a more significant impact on the wetting behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces than on hydrophilic surfaces, which is attributed to the curvature effect. Our findings provide alternative insights into wetting behavior on superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Bidisperse beds sheared by viscous fluids: Grain segregation and bed hardening
Authors: Gonzalez Jaime O. , Cúñez Fernando D. , Franklin Erick M.
Published: October 2023

When a granular bed is sheared by a fluid that flows above a critical limit, it undergoes a complex motion that varies along time: it can contain fluid- (bedload) and solid-like (creep) regions, being prone to strain hardening and, in the case of polydispersity, segregation. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the short- and long-time evolution of a bidisperse bed sheared by a viscous liquid. Different from previous experiments, the density ratio between grains and fluid is 2.7, close to values found in rivers and oceans. We show the existence of diffusive, advective, and constrained regions, that most of segregation occurs during the very first stages of the flow, and that bed hardening becomes stronger while bedload and creep weaken along time. We obtain the segregation rates, their evolution along time, their variation with the applied shearing, and the time evolution of creeping and bedload. Finally, we propose characteristic times for the segregation of large particles and bed hardening. Our results shed light on the complex motion of sheared beds existing in nature, such as river beds and creeping lands.
Gaussian process regression for the side-by-side foil pair
Authors: Sun Boai , Li Ruipeng , Cui Weicheng , Fan Dixia , Shen Yihan
Published: October 2023

The mutual interaction among multiple fish during schooling has significant implication on motion pattern control and hydrodynamic optimization. However, the collective motion of multiple objects in a flow field forms a vast parameter space, causing difficulty in comprehensively analyzing and considering each parameter. To address this issue, the problem is simplified to a foil pair oscillating in a side-by-side configuration in a two-dimensional flow. Moreover, the Gaussian process regression predictive algorithm is combined with the fast and robust boundary data immersion method CFD algorithm to form a iteration loop for value prediction of the large parameter space. Through a relatively small number of simulations (around 1000 data points), we obtained predictions for the entire four-dimensional parameter space that consists of more than 160 000 parameter sets, greatly improving the computational efficiency. After obtaining the predicted space, we analyzed the interactions between different parameters and specially described the mechanism that gives rise to the unique effect of phase difference on the efficiency of the overall system and individual foils.
Combining molecular dynamics simulations and x-ray scattering techniques for the accurate treatment of protonation degree and packing of ionizable lipids in monolayers
Authors: Grava Miriam , Ibrahim Mohd , Sudarsan Akhil , Pusterla Julio , Philipp Julian , Rädler Joachim O. , Schwierz Nadine , Schneck Emanuel
Published: October 2023

The pH-dependent change in protonation of ionizable lipids is crucial for the success of lipid-based nanoparticles as mRNA delivery systems. Despite their widespread application in vaccines, the structural changes upon acidification are not well understood. Molecular dynamics simulations support structure prediction but require an a priori knowledge of the lipid packing and protonation degree. The presetting of the protonation degree is a challenging task in the case of ionizable lipids since it depends on pH and on the local lipid environment and often lacks experimental validation. Here, we introduce a methodology of combining all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with experimental total-reflection x-ray fluorescence and scattering measurements for the ionizable lipid Dlin-MC3-DMA (MC3) in POPC monolayers. This joint approach allows us to simultaneously determine the lipid packing and the protonation degree of MC3. The consistent parameterization is expected to be useful for further predictive modeling of the action of MC3-based lipid nanoparticles.
Improving absorption performance of resonant metamaterials using self-complementary shapes
Authors: Gebrekidan Semere B. , Eser Martin , Maeder Marcus , Marburg Steffen
Published: October 2023

In electromagnetics, self-complementary antenna shapes possess a frequency-independent characteristic due to their particular shape. Based on this concept, this paper investigates the potential applications of self-complementary shapes for sound absorption to broaden the bandwidth and enhance the performances of resonators without altering the sizes and resonance frequencies. Self-complementary shapes, such as log-periodic planar tooth and log-spiral shapes, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in enhancing the absorption bandwidth and performance of a resonator. Such shapes improve the absorption performance up to 58 % compared to a resonator with an equivalent circular area when the opening area is reduced, whereas they exhibit weak performance for wide opening areas. Numerical and experimental analyses are conducted to verify their performances and to investigate the effect of the materials inside the backing cavity, neck length, opening size, and geometry on absorption. By extending the use of frequency-independent antenna shapes as sound-absorbing structures, this approach overcomes the inherent limitations of resonant metamaterials to achieve an enhanced sound absorption for various applications.
Effect of Cu doping on crystal structure, martensitic transformation, and magnetic properties of Mn2NiGa1−xCux (x = 0–0.7) ribbons
Authors: Li Jianqiang , Bai Songwei , Liu Heyan , Luo Hongzhi , Meng Fanbin
Published: October 2023

Magnetic shape memory alloys Mn2NiGa1−xCux (x = 0–0.7) melt-spun ribbons were synthesized, and their crystal structure, martensitic transformation, and magnetic and transport properties were studied. In Mn2NiGa1−xCux, unusual composition dependences of these properties were observed: the lattice parameter increases with Cu-doping, though Cu has a smaller atomic radius compared with Ga. The martensitic transformation temperature decreases with increasing Cu content at first and reaches a minimum at x = 0.3 and then increases rapidly as Cu content increases further. The variation tendency of magnetization is just opposite. When Cu content gets higher, a semiconductor-like to metal-like crossover in electron transport properties is observed. The martensite resistivity also changes from lower than that of austenite to higher than that. First-principles calculations indicate that these unusual properties are related to the competing occupation of Cu between A and D sites. Cu-doping can also enhance the metallic bonding in Mn2NiGa1−xCux, which can reduce the intrinsic brittleness and improve their mechanical properties. All this provides a fresh idea and method for the development of NiMn-based solid-state refrigeration materials.
Estimation of charge injection at Al/LDPE interface based on space charge and external current measurement
Authors: Lv Zepeng , Peng Jinyang , Ma Yuntong , Wang Bingjie , Zhang Chen , Yao Jie , Wu Kai , Cheng Yonghong
Published: October 2023

Space charge accumulation in polymer is a key problem for the electrical aging of insulation under DC condition. Space charge accumulation is strongly determined by the charge injection rate. The estimation of charge injection with steady state current contains the extraction current and is not accurate. This paper proposes a quantitative estimation method of the charge injection at the metal/polymer interface with space charge and current simultaneous measurement. A double-layer sample with a blocking layer is employed to make a quasi-unipolar condition to remove the extraction current. In addition, the displacement current is removed by considering the change in electric field on the electrode. The relationship between the electrode electric field and the pure injection current is analyzed. It is found that the square root of electric field intensity and the logarithm of injection current at the Al/LDPE (low density polyethylene) interface are linear with each other. The coefficients β for negative and positive charge injection at Al/LDPE interface are about 8.44 × 10−24 and 8.32 × 10−24, respectively. It indicates that both negative and positive charge injection at Al/LDPE interface fit the mathematical relationship of the Poole–Frenkel effect, rather than the Schottky effect which is mostly used in the study on the charge transport at polymer/metal. The negative and positive charge injection barriers are 1.23 and 1.24 eV, respectively.
Magnetic pickup coil systems on the HL-3 tokamak
Authors: Wang A. , Liang S. Y. , Sun T. F. , He M. Y. , Gao J. M. , Zhang J. Z. , Ma R. , Ji X. Q. , Chen W.
Published: October 2023

HL-3 is a new medium-sized copper conducting tokamak, which is dedicated to the plasma shaping control for plasma high performance and flexible operation, especially the advanced divertor configurations. According to the physics needs of the project, three types of magnetic pickup coils are designed and developed on HL-3 for magnetic field measurements. The coils emphasize different geometry sizes and array layouts. The coils are installed carefully by using high-precision positioning equipment to ensure the measurement accuracy of the system. After calibration, the magnetic field measurements are supplied for real-time equilibrium reconstruction and plasma control, e.g., with snowflake-shaped divertor configuration reconstruction. Mirnov coils satisfy the requirements for physical analysis, including determining the mode number from raw signals and detecting the magnetohydrodynamic instabilities.
On the superpropagating nonlinear waveform in critical superthermal fluid
Authors: Ibrahim Nabil A. , Abdelwahed H. G. , Elshewy E. K. , Abdelrahman Mahmoud A. E.
Published: October 2023

The superthermality indices of positron (electron) contributions to the new nonlinear wave profiles characterized by the model as supersoliton, cnoidal, shocklike, and super-periodic wave propagation have been obtained in the superthermal ionosphere plasma pair. These profiles that exhibit critical behaviors are described by the modified KP equation. Furthermore, the novel solutions have been exposed and the super-solitary and period solutions are derived and explained using the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method for the Modified Korteweg–De Vries (MKdV) equation. These solutions may be useful in the space of ionosphere fluids. Indeed, the MKdV model is potent for the dynamics of fluid flow. The super propagating waves obtained under the influence of critical densities represent a source of forcing or collapsing energy waves in space plasma fluids. To check the impacts of superthermality on the progress of nonlinear formations, all the given solutions are deliberated by the superthermal factor in ionosphere fluid observations and applications.
Machine learning approach for prediction of total electron content and classification of ionospheric scintillations over Visakhapatnam region
Authors: Nimmakayala Shiva Kumar , Dutt V.B.S Srilatha Indira
Published: October 2023

Ionospheric scintillations, which are due to ionospheric plasma density anomalies, negatively impact trans-ionospheric signals and the positioning accuracy of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). One of the crucial variables for comprehending space weather conditions is the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere. It is vital to predict the ionospheric TEC before making efforts to enhance the GNSS system. In this article, the long short-term memory machine learning approach for TEC prediction is presented, based on which the ionospheric phase scintillations are identified and classified using popular classifiers: support vector machines and decision trees. In this article, the comparative analysis of these classifiers is presented using the standard performance metrics: accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score.
Expression signature of human endogenous retroviruses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Ferlita Alessandro La , Nigita Giovanni , Tsyba Liudmyla , Palamarchuk Alexey , Alaimo Salvatore , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Balatti Veronica , Rassenti Laura , Tsichlis Philip N. , Kipps Thomas , Pekarsky Yuri , Croce Carlo M.
Published: October 2023

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most diagnosed forms of leukemia worldwide and it is usually classified into two forms: indolent and aggressive. These two forms are characterized by distinct molecular features that drive different responses to treatment and clinical outcomes. In this context, a better understanding of the molecular landscape of the CLL forms may potentially lead to the development of new drugs or the identification of novel biomarkers. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are a class of transposable elements that have been associated with the development of different human cancers, including different forms of leukemias. However, no studies about HERVs in CLL have ever been reported so far. Here, we present the first locus-specific profiling of HERV expression in both the aggressive and indolent forms of CLL. Our analyses revealed several dysregulations in HERV expression occurring in CLL and some of them were specific for either the aggressive or indolent form of CLL. Such results were also validated by analyzing an external cohort of CLL patients and by RT-qPCR. Moreover, in silico analyses have shown relevant signaling pathways associated with them suggesting a potential involvement of the dysregulated HERVs in these pathways and consequently in CLL development.
Toward the development of plasticity theories for application to small-scale metal structures
Authors: Zhang Bin , Nielsen K. L. , Hutchinson J. W. , Meng W. J.
Published: October 2023

Experiments are performed on micron-scale single-crystal prototypical structural elements experiencing combined torsion and bending to gather data on their load-carrying capacity in the range of size and strain relevant to micron-scale structures for which little data are available. The observed strengthening dependence on size for the structural elements is in general accord with trends inferred from prior tests such as indentation and pure torsion. In addition, the experiments systematically reveal the strengthening size-dependence of structural elements whose surface has been passivated by a very thin Cr coating, an effect shown to have substantial strengthening potential. A state-of-the-art strain gradient plasticity theory is used to analyze the structural elements over the entire range of size and loading. While the computed trends replicate the experimental trends with reasonable fidelity, the predictive exercise, which is representative of those that will be required in micron-scale structural analysis, brings to light constitutive and computational issues which will have to be addressed before micron-scale plasticity theory can serve as effectively at the micron scale as conventional plasticity does at larger scales.
Heterologous synthesis of the complex homometallic cores of nitrogenase P- and M-clusters in
Escherichia coli
Authors: Quechol Robert , Solomon Joseph B. , Liu Yiling A. , Lee Chi Chung , Jasniewski Andrew J. , Górecki Kamil , Oyala Paul , Hedman Britt , Hodgson Keith O. , Ribbe Markus W. , Hu Yilin
Published: October 2023

Nitrogenase is an active target of heterologous expression because of its importance for areas related to agronomy, energy, and environment. One major hurdle for expressing an active Mo-nitrogenase in
Escherichia coli
is to generate the complex metalloclusters (P- and M-clusters) within this enzyme, which involves some highly unique bioinorganic chemistry/metalloenzyme biochemistry that is not generally dealt with in the heterologous expression of proteins via synthetic biology; in particular, the heterologous synthesis of the homometallic P-cluster ([Fe
8
S
7
]) and M-cluster core (or L-cluster; [Fe
8
S
9
C]) on their respective protein scaffolds, which represents two crucial checkpoints along the biosynthetic pathway of a complete nitrogenase, has yet to be demonstrated by biochemical and spectroscopic analyses of purified metalloproteins. Here, we report the heterologous formation of a P-cluster-containing NifDK protein upon coexpression of
Azotobacter vinelandii nifD
,
nifK
,
nifH
,
nifM,
and
nifZ
genes, and that of an L-cluster-containing NifB protein upon coexpression of
Methanosarcina acetivorans nifB
,
nifS,
and
nifU
genes alongside the
A. vinelandii fdxN
gene, in
E. coli
. Our metal content, activity, EPR, and XAS/EXAFS data provide conclusive evidence for the successful synthesis of P- and L-clusters in a nondiazotrophic host, thereby highlighting the effectiveness of our metallocentric, divide-and-conquer approach that individually tackles the key events of nitrogenase biosynthesis prior to piecing them together into a complete pathway for the heterologous expression of nitrogenase. As such, this work paves the way for the transgenic expression of an active nitrogenase while providing an effective tool for further tackling the biosynthetic mechanism of this important metalloenzyme.
Seeing is believing
Authors: Keevallik Leelo , Amon Marri
Published: October 2023

Verbs of perception are known for their prolific use in various non-literal functions that are usually argued to have developed from their denotational semantics (San Roque, Kendrick, Norcliffe & Majid 2018). In this study we document interactional practices involving the Estonian 2nd person verb form näed ’you see’ to demonstrate that its usage is anchored in face-to-face situations where the speaker guides a co-present other’s visual attention. Through multimodal analysis we show how näed is coordinated with the participants’ body orientations, gestures, and gazes to point to visually available proof for one’s current arguments, rendering it an evidential meaning even in its most “literal” uses of seeing, when a co-participant is invited to consider the visual evidence. We argue that the spatially anchored uses constitute a natural habitat of verbs of seeing, as visual perception is a mutually calibrated interactional accomplishment. Relevant syntactic constructions emerge in real time conversation where näed, calling for a visual orientation, is either preceded or followed by clausal specifications of what is to be seen, which makes it look like a particle. This challenges the argument that perception verbs start out as syntactic predicates in full clauses to then develop other uses.
The relativistic Euler equations: ESI notes on their geo-analytic structures and implications for shocks in 1D and multi-dimensions
Authors: Abbrescia Leonardo , Speck Jared
Published: October 2023

In this article, we provide notes that complement the lectures on the relativistic Euler equations and shocks that were given by the second author at the program Mathematical Perspectives of Gravitation Beyond the Vacuum Regime, which was hosted by the Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematics and Physics in Vienna in February 2022. We set the stage by introducing a standard first-order formulation of the relativistic Euler equations and providing a brief overview of local well-posedness in Sobolev spaces. Then, using Riemann invariants, we provide the first detailed construction of a localized subset of the maximal globally hyperbolic developments of an open set of initially smooth, shock-forming isentropic solutions in 1D, with a focus on describing the singular boundary and the Cauchy horizon that emerges from the singularity. Next, we provide an overview of the new second-order formulation of the 3D relativistic Euler equations derived in Disconzi and Speck (2019 Ann. Henri Poincare
20 2173–270), its rich geometric and analytic structures, their implications for the mathematical theory of shock waves, and their connection to the setup we use in our 1D analysis of shocks. We then highlight some key prior results on the study of shock formation and related problems. Furthermore, we provide an overview of how the formulation of the flow derived in Disconzi and Speck (2019 Ann. Henri Poincare
20 2173–270) can be used to study shock formation in multiple spatial dimensions. Finally, we discuss various open problems tied to shocks.
Fermion mass hierarchy and mixing in simplified grand gauge–Higgs unification
Authors: Maru Nobuhito , Takahashi Haruki , Yatagai Yoshiki
Published: October 2023

Grand gauge–Higgs unification of five-dimensional SU(6) gauge theory on an orbifold S
1/Z
2 with localized gauge kinetic terms is discussed. The Standard Model (SM) fermions on the boundaries and some massive bulk fermions coupling to the SM fermions are introduced. Compared to the previous model, the number of bulk fermions is reduced, which reproduces the generation mixing of SM fermions and SM fermion mass hierarchy by mildly tuning the bulk masses and parameters of the localized gauge kinetic terms.
Fault diagnosis method of multi-rotor UAV based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network with adaptive batch normalization algorithm
Authors: Yang Pu , Li Wanting , Wen Chenwan , Liu Peng
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we propose a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model based on the adaptive batch normalization (AdaBN) algorithm to improve the CNN model, which is difficult to extract features from multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) rotor structural faults under variable conditions and has poor fault diagnosis performance. The method accomplishes fault diagnosis and classification by feature extraction from lower dimensional multi-rotor UAV data. The AdaBN algorithm adjusts the parameters of the BN layer in the model during the testing phase to improve the domain adaptive capability of the model in scenarios with variable operating conditions. Also, to improve the robustness of the model under noisy conditions, the first layer of convolutional kernel dropout operation is introduced to improve the noise immunity of the model. To reduce the complexity of manual tuning and to find the optimal combination of hyperparameters for the network model more effectively, the grey wolf optimizer algorithm is used to optimize the hyperparameters and further improve the model performance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through comparison tests, and it shows good diagnostic effects in noise and variable conditions compared with several commonly used fault diagnosis methods.
Defect identification method for ultrasonic inspection of pipeline welds based on cross-modal zero-shot learning
Authors: Zeyu Yu , Qi Ma , Hongqiang Yuan , Guofeng Du
Published: October 2023

Ultrasonic inspection of pipeline welds still uses the traditional visual inspection signal method to identify pipeline defects. The identification of defects relies entirely on the subjective judgment of practitioners and is highly dependent on their level of experience. Deep learning models have achieved very good results in classification tasks, but they rely on a large number of annotated data samples for each category. However, it is difficult to collect a large number of samples with different defects and annotate them for the classification of pipe welding defects. Based on the idea of zero-shot learning (ZSL), which makes full use of experts’ semantic descriptions of defect categories, artificial semantic features are integrated cross-modally with ultrasonic inspection signal features. In this way, a common semantic space containing seen and unseen classes is constructed to achieve the detection of various defects. Meanwhile, to alleviate the problem of extreme imbalance of training data between the seen and unseen classes in ZSL model training, a ZSL model Feature-GAN-ZSL (FGZ) fused with a generative adversarial network (GAN) is proposed. The model utilizes a Feature-GAN network to generate unseen class features during training and adds a classifier to enhance the generation of features with stronger discriminative power. In the experiments, sample data for porosity, incomplete penetration, and cracks were used as visible classes, and samples for incomplete fusion and slag entrapment were used as unseen classes. Five state-of-the-art models in the ZSL domain were compared. The results show that the FGZ model has a good ability to recognize various defects, not only the types of defects that participated in the training but also the defects that did not participate in the training. This plays a perfect role in dealing with various pipeline welding defects.
Preparation of protein-loaded nanoparticles based on poly(succinimide)-oleylamine for sustained protein release: a two-step nanoprecipitation method
Authors: Chen Xiangxun , Moonshi Shehzahdi S , Nguyen Nam-Trung , Ta Hang Thu
Published: October 2023

Currently, the treatment for acute disease encompasses the use of various biological drugs (BDs). However, the utilisation of BDs is limited due to their rapid clearance and non-specific accumulation in unwanted sites, resulting in a lack of therapeutic efficacy together with adverse effects. While nanoparticles are considered good candidates to resolve this problem, some available polymeric carriers for BDs were mainly designed for long-term sustained release. Thus, there is a need to explore new polymeric carriers for the acute disease phase that requires sustained release of BDs over a short period, for example for thrombolysis and infection. Poly(succinimide)-oleylamine (PSI-OA), a biocompatible polymer with a tuneable dissolution profile, represents a promising strategy for loading BDs for sustained release within a 48-h period. In this work, we developed a two-step nanoprecipitation method to load the model protein (e.g. bovine serum albumin and lipase) on PSI-OA. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were assessed based on various loading parameters, such as concentration, stirring rate, flow rate, volume ratio, dissolution and release of the protein. The optimised NPs displayed a size within 200 nm that is suitable for vasculature delivery to the target sites. These findings suggest that PSI-OA can be employed as a carrier for BDs for applications that require sustained release over a short period.
The breakdown characteristic of porous dielectric discharge based on percolation structure
Authors: Hu Yuheng , Rao Libo , Wu Feiyu , Chen Kai , Mao Yilong , Chen Yue , Wang Jialei , Wang Hao
Published: October 2023

Porous dielectrics have received increasing attention in plasma sterilization, all-solid-state battery technology, and surface functionalization of biological tissue materials. Due to their complex structure and discharge characteristics, the current researches are hard to quantify the stochastic properties of porous dielectrics. In this paper, we used a percolation structure to simulate the discharge process in a 2D porous dielectric. The simulation results of the 2D percolation model are similar to that of 2D real porous slices, which can characterize the physical properties of the porous dielectric well while greatly reducing the time required for simulation. In addition, simulations on percolation models with different porosity and lattice size are performed. When the porosity and lattice size remain constant, tortuosity and Debye radius are the main factors affecting the breakdown of the percolation model. With the decrease in porosity, the Pashcen curve shifts to the upper right. With the decrease in lattice size, the Pashcen curve moves higher. The results show correlations between random parameters and Paschen curves. This study presents a novel simulation approach for the theoretical analysis of porous dielectric and improves the simulation efficiency at the same time. In addition, this new model is also applied to quantify the impact mechanism of random parameters such as porosity and lattice size on porous dielectric discharge.
Ballistic phonon lensing by the non-planar interfaces of embedded nanoparticles
Authors: Maranets Theodore , Wang Yan
Published: October 2023

In this work, we investigate the scattering behavior of a ballistic phonon wave incident on a dopant spherical nanoparticle embedded within a pure crystal through molecular dynamics simulations. Unique to this work, we also conduct conjugate simulations of ballistic phonon scattering on a dopant thin slab to compare and contrast scattering by non-planar heterogeneous interfaces (nanoparticle) and planar heterogeneous interfaces (thin slab). Analysis of the wave dynamics in real and reciprocal spaces reveal phonon mode-conversion in the nanoparticle scattering system is due to an unreported ‘phonon lensing’ effect where the phonon wave propagation is altered by refraction and reflection through the non-planar interfaces of the nanoparticle. The specific states of mode-conversion is shown to change with the character of the lensing that varies with nanoparticle size. Most significantly, the lensing phenomenon is absent in the phonon scattering by the thin slab and consequentially, results in differences in the scattering behaviors between the planar and non-planar interfaces.
Experimental certification of more than one bit of quantum randomness in the two inputs and two outputs scenario
Authors: Jean-Marie Seguinard Alban , Piveteau Amélie , Mironowicz Piotr , Bourennane Mohamed
Published: October 2023

One of the striking properties of quantum mechanics is the occurrence of the Bell-type non-locality. They are a fundamental feature of the theory that allows two parties that share an entangled quantum system to observe correlations stronger than possible in classical physics. In addition to their theoretical significance, non-local correlations have practical applications, such as device-independent randomness generation, providing private unpredictable numbers even when they are obtained using devices delivered by an untrusted vendor. Thus, determining the quantity of certifiable randomness that can be produced using a specific set of non-local correlations is of significant interest. In this paper, we present an experimental realization of recent Bell-type operators designed to provide private random numbers that are secure against adversaries with quantum resources. We use semi-definite programming to provide lower bounds on the generated randomness in terms of both min-entropy and von Neumann entropy in a device-independent scenario. We compare experimental setups providing Bell violations close to the Tsirelson’s bound with lower rates of events, with setups having slightly worse levels of violation but higher event rates. Our results demonstrate the first experiment that certifies close to two bits of randomness from binary measurements of two parties. Apart from single-round certification, we provide an analysis of finite-key protocol for quantum randomness expansion using the Entropy Accumulation theorem and show its advantages compared to existing solutions.
Optimisation of the Tripathi model using a nuclear reaction cross-section database
Authors: Luoni F , Reidel C A , Horst F , Weber U , Durante M
Published: October 2023

Nuclear reaction cross-sections are an essential ingredient to reliable deterministic and stochastic radiation transport codes used for radiation protection in space and heavy-ion therapy applications. A recent study compared the existing literature data compiled within the open-access GSI-ESA-NASA cross-section database to the models implemented in the transport codes most commonly used for radiation protection in space and heavy-ion therapy applications. The outcome of the comparison was that none of the models fit well the experimental data for all projectile-target systems at all energy ranges. Therefore, the literature data were exploited to optimise the Tripathi–Cucinotta–Wilson model as reported in this work. This model is used as default in FLUKA, TRiP, and SpaceTRiP, it is part of the hybrid-Kurotama (HK) model used in particle and heavy ion transport code (PHITS), and it is implemented in Geant4. The consequences of using the proposed Tripathi–Cucinotta–Wilson optimisation in the HK model are also analysed.
The impact of Cu, Ni and Fe2O3 on the magnetic behavior and structural properties of FeSiO2 nanocomposite synthesized through ball milling
Authors: Younes Abderrahmane , Amraoui Rachid , Manseri Amar , Smaili Fatiha
Published: October 2023

The nanocomposite Fe-A/SiO2 soft magnetic materials, with Cu, Ni, and Fe2O3 as dopants, were produced using a mechanical alloying technique. Our central objective was to explore the impact of process parameters on Fe/SiO2 nanocomposite properties. We assessed varying milling time and dopant addition rates, analyzing structural, morphological, and magnetic aspects through SEM, EDS, XRD, and VSM at different synthesis stages. The XRD pattern revealed iron, Fe(Ni), Fe(Cu), and Fe2O3 with an average crystallite size of 28–39 nm and lattice strain of 0.0097%–0.0222%. Notably, the lattice parameters decreased from 0.2852 to 0.2836 nm. Among nanocomposites, FeCu/SiO2 displayed the smallest crystallite size (34.3 nm), while FeNiSiO2 showed the highest lattice parameter (0.2853 nm). The ATR analysis unveiled Si–O–Si stretching vibrations at 1052 cm−1, intensifying with milling time. The inclusion of Cu and Ni in the FeSiO2 system significantly influenced the Si–O–Si bond. Coercivity and remanence magnetization in Fe/SiO2 increased notably with milling time, reaching 68.47 Oe and 8.73 emu g−1, respectively. The Fe/Fe2O3/SiO2 and FeSiO2 nanocomposites exhibited the maximum values of coercivity (47.07 Oe) and remanence magnetization (12.24 emu g−1). Remarkably, the Fe/SiO2 nanocomposite displayed the highest saturation magnetization, measuring an impressive 176.07 emu g−1 after 30 h of milling, while FeCu/SiO2 reached 165.64 emu g−1 after 20 h. Overall, our findings suggest the Fe/SiO2 nanocomposite as a promising high-frequency soft magnetic material.
One-step jones matrix polarization holography for polarization-sensitive materials using angular-multiplexing
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Yu Xintian , Liu Lei , Xie Yongqiang , Zhong Zhi , Yu Lei
Published: October 2023

A polarization digital holography (DH) using angular multiplexing was developed for extracting the Jones matrix of anisotropy materials in one step. This technique is implemented by adopting an off-axis interferometric configuration connecting two identical CCD cameras. The combined orthogonal 45° beams is split using a nonpolarizing beam splitter to produce the sample and reference beams. Our method yields two angular-multiplexing polarization interferograms simultaneously, in which the orthogonal fringe directions for each interferogram are modulated by two self-installed retro-reflector mirrors. In this case, the spatially resolved Jones matrix parameters of the polarization-sensitive materials can be determined in one step. The basic feasibility of the scheme is verified by measuring the Jones matrices of polarizing optics, a transmitted spatial light modulator, and synthetic mica plates.
Equal-strength beam design of acoustic wave accelerometers
Authors: Zhao Yihan , Zhou Jian , Kuang Linjuan , Guo Yihao , Xie Jianfei , Fu Yongqing
Published: October 2023

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) based accelerometers have received significant attention due to their digital output, low cost, mass production and easy implementation of wireless passive function. However, conventionally rectangular cantilever-beam based SAW accelerometers often have non-uniform strains generated along the beams, which cause emergence of parasitic wave modes and measurement errors. In this paper, a simulation platform was developed to analyze and optimize designs of SAW accelerometers and variable-thickness and equal-strength beams were designed to solve the critical issue of non-uniform strain distribution along the beam. Frequency responses of SAW accelerometers under the acceleration were successfully obtained using the simulation platform, with the visualized strain/stress distribution and particle displacement field. The accuracy of this simulation platform was verified using the experimental result reported in literature. A highly sensitive and equal-strength beam SAW accelerometer was achieved with a sensitivity up to 1.40 kHz g−1, a linearity coefficient of ∼1, and a measurement range of 0∼15 g. Furthermore, a high-G accelerometer was designed, with the capability of enduring large shocks up to 11,500 g and a sensitivity of 6.96 Hz g−1.