bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-layered characterisation of hot stellar systems with confidence
Authors: Chattopadhyay Souradeep , Kawaler Steven D. , Maitra Ranjan
Published: August 2022

Understanding the physical and evolutionary properties of Hot Stellar Systems (HSS) is a major challenge in astronomy. We studied the dataset on 13 456 HSS of Misgeld & Hilker (2011, MNRAS, 414, 3 699) that includes 12 763 candidate globular clusters using stellar mass (

$M_s$

), effective radius (

$R_e$

) and mass-to-luminosity ratio (

$M_s/L_\nu$

), and found multi-layered homogeneous grouping among these stellar systems. Our methods elicited eight homogeneous ellipsoidal groups at the finest sub-group level. Some of these groups have high overlap and were merged through a multi-phased syncytial algorithm motivated from Almodóvar-Rivera & Maitra (2020, JMLR, 21, 1). Five groups were merged in the first phase, resulting in three complex-structured groups. Our algorithm determined further complex structure and permitted another merging phase, revealing two complex-structured groups at the highest level. A nonparametric bootstrap procedure was also used to estimate the confidence of each of our group assignments. These assignments generally had high confidence in classification, indicating great degree of certainty of the HSS assignments into our complex-structured groups. The physical and kinematic properties of the two groups were assessed in terms of

$M_s$

,

$R_e$

, surface density and

$M_s/L_\nu$

. The first group consisted of older, smaller and less bright HSS while the second group consisted of brighter and younger HSS. Our analysis provides novel insight into the physical and evolutionary properties of HSS and also helps understand physical and evolutionary properties of candidate globular clusters. Further, the candidate globular clusters (GCs) are seen to have very high chance of really being GCs rather than dwarfs or dwarf ellipticals that are also indicated to be quite distinct from each other.
Stacking the synchrotron cosmic web with FIGARO
Authors: Hodgson Torrance , Vazza Franco , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McKinley Benjamin
Published: August 2022

Recently Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS) claimed the first definitive detection of the synchrotron cosmic web, obtained by ‘stacking’ hundreds of thousands of pairs of close-proximity clusters in low-frequency radio observations and looking for a residual excess signal spanning the intracluster bridge. A reproduction study by Hodgson et al. (2022, PASA, 39, e013), using both the original radio data as well as new observations with the Murchison Widefield Array, failed to confirm these findings. Whilst the detection remains unsure, we here turn to stacking asimulatedradio sky to understand what kind of excess radio signal is predicted by our current best cosmological models of the synchrotron cosmic web. We use the FIlaments & GAlactic RadiO (FIGARO; Hodgson et al. 2021a, PASA, 38, e047) simulation, which models both the synchrotron cosmic web as well as various subtypes of active galactic nucleii and star-forming galaxies. Being a simulation, we have perfect knowledge of the location of clusters and galaxy groups which we use in our own stacking experiment. Whilst we do find an excess radio signature in our stacks that is attributable to the synchrotron cosmic web, its distribution is very different to that found by Vernstrom et al. (2021, MNRAS). Instead, we observe the appearance of excess emission on the immediate interiors of cluster pairs as a result of asymmetric, ‘radio relic’-like shocks surrounding cluster cores, whilst the excess emission spanning the intracluster region—attributable to filaments proper—is two orders of magnitude lower and undetectable in our experiment even under ideal conditions.
Design of a high-resolution antenna array solar observing system for radio frequencies of 25–110 MHz
Authors: Wang Yuxi , Dong Zhen , Lu Guang , Wu Zhao , Su Yanrui , Chen Yao , Yan Fabao
Published: August 2022

Spectral observations with high temporal and frequency resolution are of great significance for studying the fine structures of solar radio bursts. In addition, it is helpful to understand the physical processes of solar eruptions. In this paper, we present the design of a system to observe solar radio bursts with high temporal and frequency resolutions at frequencies of 25–110 MHz. To reduce the impact of analog devices and improve the system flexibility, we employ various digital signal processing methods to achieve the function of analog devices, such as polarisation synthesis and beamforming. The resourceful field programmable gate array is used to process radio signals. The system has a frequency resolution of$\sim$30 kHz and a temporal resolution of up to 0.2 ms. The left/right circular polarisation signals can be simultaneously observed. At present, the system has been installed at Chashan Solar Observatory operated by the Institute of Space Science, Shandong University. The system is running well, multiple bursts have been observed, and relevant data have been obtained.
Exploratory Concept Formation and Tool Development in Neuroscience
Authors: Haueis Philipp
Published: August 2022

Developing tools is a crucial aspect of experimental practice, yet most discussions of scientific change traditionally emphasize theoretical over technological change. To elaborate on the role of tools in scientific change, I offer an account that shows how scientists use tools in exploratory experiments to form novel concepts. I apply this account to two cases in neuroscience and show how tool development and concept formation are often intertwined in episodes of tool-driven change. I support this view by proposing common normative principles that specify when exploratory concept formation and tool development succeed (rather than fail) to initiate scientific change.
Egypt's 2011 Uprising, Islamism, and the Unpopularity of Being Popular
Authors: Toth James
Published: August 2022

Descriptions and analyses of the 2011 “Arab Spring” uprisings constitute a veritable cottage industry for journalists, academics, and think-tank consultants. The three books under review here join an ever-expanding library that documents and interprets those crucial events in December 2010 and January 2011, that so passionately raised our hopes only to later so bitterly crush them.
MERIP's Impact on Middle East Studies: Showcasing a MESA Roundtable
Authors: Hazbun Waleed
Published: August 2022

In anticipation of the fiftieth anniversary of its founding, past and present members of the Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP) organized a roundtable for the annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Association (MESA) entitled “MERIP's Impact on Middle East Studies.” Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, on October 14, 2020, the roundtable was conducted as a virtual webinar. The participants included Joe Stork, Judith Tucker, Zachary Lockman, Ted Swedenburg, Norma Claire Moruzzi, Jacob Mundy, and Stacey Philbrick Yadav. The roundtable was moderated by Waleed Hazbun and offered reflections about MERIP's original mission, explained how its model for “research and information” evolved, and explored how over fifty years MERIP's contributions have helped transform Middle East Studies scholarship. The following is a transcript that has been edited for clarity and length.
The Cultural Politics and Political Culture of MERIP and Beyond
Authors: Silverstein Paul A. , Swedenburg Ted
Published: August 2022

In this essay, we examine how MERIP has navigated the frictions between the political economic critique of extraction and domination in the region, and more semiotic models which center “culture,” variously understood, in their analyses of power and inequality. Broadly speaking, MERIP authors have addressed four dimensions of culture writ large: aesthetic expressions and artistic performances; everyday practices and ordinary life in their various multisensorial, affective experiences; identity performance along intersectional terrains of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and race; and discursive formations in which the very categories of the “political” and the “economic” are produced and reproduced within shifting fields of power. In all its dimensions, culture is embedded and entangled in material conflicts over production, distribution, and consumption, and thus necessarily political, but not merely so. How to approach cultural politics and political culture without reducing them to a play of hegemony and resistance has been a persistent challenge in cultural analysis. By exploring how MERIP authors have negotiated this fraught terrain—by outlining MERIP's effective culture concept with a focus on its aesthetic dimensions—we offer a window into a central tension within the broader field of Middle East studies.
How a Middle Eastern Experience Helped Lead to the Formation of MERIP
Authors: Fischbach Michael R.
Published: August 2022

During the late 1960s, left-wing American activists faced challenges when trying to find out about what was happening in the Middle East and what their government was doing there. Yet overall, some activists still felt that by 1970 the American Left suffered from an overall dearth of solid information and regular, independent, critical analysis of the Middle East. As a result, the Middle East Research and Information Project (MERIP) and its publication, MERIP Reports, were established in 1971 to fill that void. However, in many ways a major impetus for MERIP's formation was not just its founders’ hunger for better analysis of the region, but also the deep impressions made on them by a dramatic and influential trip several of them took to Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan in August and early September 1970. Thus, while it is true that, since its inception, MERIP has shaped the study of the Middle East, it is also true that it was the Middle East that first shaped those who formed MERIP.
MERIP's 50 Years of Women and Gender
Authors: Tucker Judith E.
Published: August 2022

Drawing on a reading of MERIP's articles related to women's and gender studies over the course of its 50-year history, this piece reflects on how MERIP's forays into this field formed part of its overarching aspiration to place scholarship in the service of progressive political projects. I explore how intellectual trends and political commitments worked together to shape the topics and approaches related to gender that appeared in MERIP's pages. The political purposes of knowledge production were omnipresent in the minds of authors and editors, and we see evidence of a conscious program of critique of past scholarship on women and gender in the region, as well as sustained attention to research and writing that could connect, or perhaps even be useful, to struggles in the Middle East region and the amelioration of U.S. policy. The framing of issues varied over time, from a focus on political economy to political action to broader cultural questions, in rhythm with shifts in scholarly paradigms and events on the ground.
Conceptual or Pragmatic? Differentiating Floating Charges from Unitary Security Interests under Nigerian Law
Authors: Esangbedo Gregory
Published: August 2022

A key novelty of the unitary system of personal property security law is the concept of security interests or rights developed to address the rather complex categorizations of security rights under the common law. With respect to the limitations of floating charges as security devices for loans under the common law, there were expectations that the unitary security interest could provide an alternative security device capable of addressing the problems faced by hitherto inhibited business borrowers. This article compares the floating charge device to the unitary security interest in some critical areas to ascertain whether the latter ameliorates the difficulties associated with floating charges or whether it merely creates an added conceptual burden within the framework of an already convoluted secured transactions system.
Vulnerable, recalcitrant and resilient: a Foucauldian discourse analysis of risk and older people within the context of COVID-19 news media
Authors: Skoss Marjorie , Batten Rachel , Cain Patricia , Stanley Mandy
Published: August 2022

Risk is an innate and integral part of everyday life and is present in simple, everyday occupations and complex actions. Age-related stereotypes can mean older people have little opportunity to engage in activities that present some degree of risk. The present study explores the discourse around risk and older people in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated news media as a reflection of the dominant public discourse around older people's behaviour to identify how risk is represented in relation to occupational engagement. Texts relating to older people and COVID-19 were sourced from the West Australian newspaper for a period of two months. Seventy texts were subject to Foucauldian discourse analysis to identify subject positions, location of risk and discursive features. Findings indicate that older people were segregated from the rest of society, with their behaviours framed in mostly negative ways. We identified three areas of discourse: vulnerable, and in need of protection; recalcitrant, and in need of management; and resilient, deserving of respect. While we recognise competing representations, implicit within the dominant discourse was the premise that older people were not capable of mediating risks and required ‘management’. These findings highlight the role of surveillance in restricting occupational engagement for older people and carry implications for older people, the public and therapists.
Subsegmental representation in child speech production: structured variability of stop consonant voice onset time in American English and Cantonese
Authors: CHODROFF Eleanor , BRADSHAW Leah , LIVESAY Vivian
Published: August 2022

Voice onset time (VOT) of aspirated stop consonants is marked by variability and systematicity in adult speech production. The present study investigated variability and systematicity of voiceless aspirated stop VOT from 161 two- to five-year-old talkers of American English and Cantonese. Overall, many aspects of child VOT productions parallel adult patterns, the analysis of which can help inform our understanding of early speech production. For instance, VOT means were comparable between children and adults, despite greater variability. Further, across children in both languages, talker-specific VOT means were strongly correlated between [th] and [kh]. This correlation may reflect a constraint of “target uniformity” that minimizes variation in the phonetic realization of a shared distinctive feature. Therefore findings suggest that target uniformity is not merely a product of a mature grammar, but may instead shape speech production representations in children as young as two years of age.
Assessment of the effect of landowner type on deforestation in the Brazilian Legal Amazon using remote sensing data
Authors: Cabral Ana IR , Laques Anne Elisabeth , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: August 2022

The Brazilian Legal Amazon contains important reservoirs of forest that are threatened by stakeholders’ behaviour. The Cadastro Ambiental Rural (CAR; Rural Environmental Registry) database was used to define the limits and classes of landowner according to private property size. For each class, we identified the annual forest-cover/cover-loss profile at 2-year intervals from 2000 to 2020 based on Brazilian Annual Land Use and Land Cover Mapping Project (MapBiomas) and Program for Deforestation Monitoring (PRODES) data. The analysis revealed that very large landowners dominate the CAR-registered area and that deforestation is influenced by landowner type. The cumulative contributions to deforestation were 2 916 245.96, 1 234 216.79, 2 871 400.36, 2 805 058.62 and 2 637 485.60 ha for very large landowners, large landowners, medium landowners, small landowners and very small landowners, respectively. Very large landowners (1.7% of the total number of properties) had more forest on their properties but caused the greatest amount of deforestation in total, often associated with agribusiness. Small and very small landowners were more numerous (21.0% and 68.3% of the total number of properties, respectively), but they owned a small total area and contributed less to total deforestation. Property size and landownership asymmetry should be considered in deforestation control policies and commitments to the Sustainable Development Goals agenda.
Vitamin E deficiency in childhood: a narrative review
Authors: Lobo Lina Monteiro de Castro , Hadler Maria Claret Costa Monteiro
Published: August 2022

Vitamin E is an important nutrient from the earliest stages of life. It plays key roles as an antioxidant and in the maintenance of the immune system, among others. Vitamin E deficiency (VED), which occurs more frequently in children, is rarely addressed in the literature. This narrative review aims to summarise the chemistry, biology, serum indicators and clinical trials that have evaluated the impact of fortification and other relevant aspects of vitamin E, in addition to the prevalence of its deficiency, in children worldwide. Vitamin E intake in recommended amounts is essential for this nutrient to perform its functions in the body. Serum α-tocopherol is the most widely used biochemical indicator to assess the prevalence of VED. VED has been associated with symptoms secondary to fat malabsorption and may lead to peripheral neuropathy and increased erythrocyte haemolysis. Reduced concentrations of α-tocopherol may be caused by the combination of diets with low amounts of vitamin E and inadequate consumption of fats, proteins and calories. The lowest prevalence of VED was found in Asia and the highest in North America and Brazil. High proportions of VED provide evidence that this nutritional deficiency is a public health problem in children and still little addressed in the international scientific literature. The planning, evaluation and implementation of health policies aimed at combatting VED in the paediatric population are extremely important.
From germination to seedling development: the effects of smoke on a native and an invasive grass species of the Cerrado
Authors: Sanchez Luís G.F. , Dantas-Junior Ademar B. , Porto Ana Clara C.Q. , Musso Carolina , Sato Margarete N. , Miranda Heloisa S.
Published: August 2022

The Brazilian Cerrado, a Neotropical savanna, is a fire-prone ecosystem where the ground layer biomass consists mainly of graminoids. However, as for other savannas, the effects of fire cues (such as smoke) on Cerrado grasses do not present a clear pattern, either for germination or seedling development. Smoke can stimulate different stages of the plant life cycle, which can alter the community and invasion processes. So far, most research on the subject focuses on germination, not addressing post-germinative phases, a sensitive stage of plant development. Here, we investigated the effect of smoke on a native (Echinolaena inflexa) and an invasive (Urochloa decumbens) grass species common in the Cerrado. We analysed germinative parameters and seedling mass and length after exposing the seeds to dry smoke for 5, 10, 15 or 20 min. Seedling development was assessed by measuring shoot and root systems after cultivating germinated seeds for 3, 7 or 15 d. Smoke did not affect germination percentages. However, fumigation reduced the mean germination time of both species and the germination onset of E. inflexa. U. decumbens had higher length values in all periods of cultivation, whereas mass values only surpassed that of E. inflexa at 15 d. Smoke exposure reduced the aboveground length of 7-d seedlings of U. decumbens, and mass of 15-d plants of both species. Also, smoke enhanced the root investment of the native and invasive species in different cultivation periods. Therefore, studying post-germinative parameters on seedling development may bring further insights into the smoke effects.
Just a question of time? Explaining non-take-up of a public health insurance program designed for undocumented immigrants living in France
Authors: Dourgnon P. , Jusot F. , Marsaudon A. , Sarhiri J. , Wittwer J.
Published: August 2022

State Medical Aid is a public health insurance program that allows undocumented immigrants with low financial resources to access health care services for free. However, the low take-up rate of this program might threaten its efficiency. The purpose of this study is therefore to provide the determinants of such a low take-up rate. To this end, we rely on the Premier Pas survey. This is an original representative sample of undocumented immigrants attending places of assistance to vulnerable populations in France. Determinants of State Medical Aid take-up are analyzed through probit and Cox modeling. The results show that only 51% of those who are eligible for the State Medical Aid program are actually covered, and this proportion is higher among women than among men. The length of stay in France is the most important determinant of take-up. It is worth noting that State Medical Aid take-up is not associated with chronic diseases or functional limitations and is negatively associated with poor mental health. There is, therefore, mixed evidence of health selection into the program. Informational barriers and vulnerabilities experienced by undocumented immigrants are likely to explain this low take-up.
Einblicke in die Persönlichkeit
Authors: Eilers Giovanna
Published: August 2022

Das Praxishandbuch für Berater*innen und Coach*innen, die mit der PSI-basierten Diagnostik (PSI = die Theorie der Persönlichkeits-System-Interaktionen) arbeiten, gibt fundiert und gleichermaßen praxisnah Antwort auf folgende Fragen:

In welchem strukturierten Ablauf kann die PSI-basierte Diagnostik Schritt für Schritt gelesen und interpretiert werden?
Wie kann man die verschiedenen Abschnitte verknüpfen und die Analyse als Ganzes lesen?
Wie kann das Auswertungsgespräch für die Beratung (das Coaching) praktisch gestaltet werden? Worauf ist es wichtig zu achten? Was kann wie erklärt werden?
Welche Konsequenzen für Beratung und Coaching ergeben sich aus der Diagnostik?
Dr. Giovanna Eilers beschreibt anhand von Fallbeispielen anschaulich und praxisnah die Anwendung der PSI-basierten Diagnostik und ermöglicht Coach*innen und Berater*innen so einen leichten Einstieg in die Thematik.„Eine meiner Leidenschaften ist es, Menschen, die als Coach*innen und Berater*innen tätig sind, in meinen PSI-Kursen in die Interpretation der PSI-basierten Diagnostik einzuführen und ihnen zu zeigen, wie sie diese ressourcenorientiert lesen und anwenden können. Daraus entstand dieses Buch, das keinesfalls den Anspruch hat, die PSI-Theorie umfassend zu beschreiben, -sondern eine Brücke zu bauen zur praktischen Anwendung im Coaching. Ein Buch, das zu lesen Ihnen hoffentlich etwas Genuss bereitet.“Giovanna Eilers
Auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Teigeler Brigitte , Walther Sabine
Published: August 2022

Die Situation auf einer Intensivstation ist massiv belastend, vor allem für Patient*innen und Angehörige. Traumata noch Monate später sind nicht selten. Was brauchen die Betroffenen, um einen Intensivaufenthalt zu überstehen? Was können Pflegende, Ärzt*innen und andere Berufsgruppen tun? Was lässt sich der hochtechnisierten, stressigen Umgebung entgegensetzen?
Die Autorinnen Brigitte Teigeler und Sabine Walther haben nach Antworten gesucht. Sie wollten wissen, was gut läuft auf Intensivstationen und nachahmenswert ist. Dafür haben sie mit Intensivpflegenden und Ärzt*innen gesprochen, mit Betroffenen und mit Wissenschaftler*innen. Mitarbeitende erzählen, was sie machen, um Patienten und Angehörigen das Erleben einer Intensivtherapie zu erleichtern. Die Betroffenen erzählen ihre Sicht. Ihre Geschichten bieten einen einzigartigen Blick, der hilft, die andere Seite der Intensivtherapie zu verstehen.
Das Buch zeigt Möglichkeiten, Intensivstationen menschlicher zu machen und Traumata zu reduzieren. Es möchte Mut machen und Anregungen vermitteln, wie die Situation für alle Beteiligten verbessert werden kann. Und es möchte zeigen, mit wie viel Engagement sich viele Intensivstationen schon auf den Weg gemacht haben.

Aus dem Inhalt

Das Erleben von Patient*innen und Angehörigen
Angehörigenintegration - was braucht es?
Licht, Lärm, Farben - die Intensivumgebung
Sterben auf der Intensivstation
Trauma Intensivstation
Lichtblicke und Perspektiven
Selbstmanagement – ressourcenorientiert
Authors: Storch Maja , Krause Frank , Weber Julia
Published: August 2022

Selbstmanagement kann ausgesprochen lustvoll sein, wenn es sich konsequent an persönlichen Ressourcen orientiert. Das Zürcher Ressourcen Modell (ZRM®) ist eine vielfach erprobte und wissenschaftlich fundierte Methode zur gezielten Entwicklung von Handlungspotenzialen.
Fachleute und Laien finden im einleitenden Theorieteil eine Fülle aktueller neurowissenschaftlicher und psychologischer Befunde zum Thema Persönlichkeitsentwicklung, Ressourcenaktivierung und Selbststeuerung. Sie bilden das Fundament für das ZRM®-Training und gewährleisten ein systematisches und jederzeit begründetes Vorgehen.
Praktikerinnen und Praktikern bietet das Buch im Trainingsteil ein sorgfältig ausgearbeitetes Manual für die erfolgreiche Durchführung von ZRM®-Trainings. Der Trainingsablauf wird Schritt für Schritt beschrieben. Die Impulsreferate, die Arbeitsmaterialien für die Trainingsteilnehmenden sowie die Anweisungen für die Arbeit in Kleingruppen sind nachvollziehbar dokumentiert.
Für die 7., überarbeitete Auflage wurden alle Kapitel aktualisiert; der Theorieteil wurde um die neuesten neurowissenschaftlichen Perspektiven sowie um aktuelle Priming-Experimente und Embodimentstudien erweitert. Der praktische Teil beleuchtet die - nicht zuletzt durch die Corona-Krise zunehmend relevant gewordenen - Möglichkeiten von Online-Arbeit mit dem ZRM.
Dynamics of Greenhouse Gases (CH4 and CO2) in Meromictic Lake Burgsee, Germany
Authors: Fuchs Andrea , Casper Peter , Lewandowski Jörg
Published: August 2022

Extraordinary amounts of greenhouse gases can be stored within the monimolimnion of meromictic lakes, that is, in the water body which is excluded from mixing events. Lake Burgsee (Thuringia, Germany) is a shallow (depth <5 m) lake with a approximately 24 m deep sinkhole, which is fed by underground brine sources and has formed such a monimolimnion. We investigated the carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in this meromictic lake, from production potentials in the sediment via concentrations in the monimolimnion and mixolimnion to emissions to the atmosphere. In the monimolimnion, we found one of the highest methane concentrations (up to >5 mmol L−1) ever reported for a natural freshwater lake, while carbon dioxide concentrations in the water and methane production rates in the sediments were rather ordinary and within the range of holomictic eutrophic lakes. At the thermocline, gas concentrations accumulated to approximately 100 μmol L−1 CH4 and 80–230 μmol L−1 CO2. Estimated fluxes to the atmosphere reached considerable 3.5 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 1.5 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the sinkhole and 0.8 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1 and 0.4 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1 above the near‐by shallow lake center in 2018. Our results demonstrate that lakes in natural brine areas may provide significant storages and releases of greenhouse gases and require further investigation.
Latitudinal Variance in the Drivers and Pacing of Warmth During Mid‐Pleistocene MIS 31 in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Warnock Jonathan P. , Reilly Brendan T. , Raymo Maureen E. , Weber Michael E. , Peck Victoria , Williams Trevor , Armbrecht Linda , Bailey Ian , Brachfeld Stefanie , Du Zhiheng , Fauth Gerson , García Marga M. , Glüder Anna , Guitard Michelle , Gutjahr Marcus , Hemming Sidney , Hernández‐Almeida Iván , Hoem Freida S. , Hwang Ji‐Hwan , Iizuka Mutsumi , Kato Yuji , Lee Bridget , Martos Yasmina M. , O’Connell Suzanne , Pérez Lara F. , Ronge Thomas A. , Seki Osamu , Tauxe Lisa , Tripathi Shubham , Zheng Xufeng , Stoner Joseph , Scherer Reed P.
Published: August 2022

Early Pleistocene Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)‐31 (1.081–1.062 Ma) is a unique interval of extreme global warming, including evidence of a West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) collapse. Here we present a new 1,000‐year resolution, spanning 1.110–1.030 Ma, diatom‐based reconstruction of primary productivity, relative sea surface temperature changes, sea‐ice proximity/open ocean conditions and diatom species absolute abundances during MIS‐31, from the Scotia Sea (59°S) using deep‐sea sediments collected during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 382. The lower Jaramillo magnetic reversal (base of C1r.1n, 1.071 Ma) provides a robust and independent time‐stratigraphic marker to correlate records from other drill cores in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean (AZSO). An increase in open ocean species Fragilariopsis kerguelensis in early MIS‐31 at 53°S (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1,094) correlates with increased obliquity forcing, whereas at 59°S (IODP Site U1537; this study) three progressively increasing, successive peaks in the relative abundance of F. kerguelensis correlate with Southern Hemisphere‐phased precession pacing. These observations reveal a complex pattern of ocean temperature change and sustained sea surface temperature increase lasting longer than a precession cycle within the Atlantic sector of the AZSO. Timing of an inferred WAIS collapse is consistent with delayed warmth (possibly driven by sea‐ice dynamics) in the southern AZSO, supporting models that indicate WAIS sensitivity to local sub‐ice shelf melting. Anthropogenically enhanced impingement of relatively warm water beneath the ice shelves today highlights the importance of understanding dynamic responses of the WAIS during MIS‐31, a warmer than Holocene interglacial.
Evidence of Drought Provides Clues to a Viking Mystery
Authors: Howley Korena
Published: August 2022

A persistent drying trend, not plunging temperatures, may have played a role in the unexplained disappearance of Norse settlers from Greenland, according to researchers.
Earth’s Lakes Emit Less Methane Than Previously Thought
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: August 2022

Although the total surface area of Earth’s lakes emits less methane than previously believed, it is still among the largest natural methane sources.
High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States
Authors: Vergopolan Noemi , Sheffield Justin , Chaney Nathaniel W. , Pan Ming , Beck Hylke E. , Ferguson Craig R. , Torres‐Rojas Laura , Eigenbrod Felix , Crow Wade , Wood Eric F.
Published: August 2022

Soil moisture (SM) spatiotemporal variability critically influences water resources, agriculture, and climate. However, besides site‐specific studies, little is known about how SM varies locally (1–100‐m scale). Consequently, quantifying the SM variability and its impact on the Earth system remains a long‐standing challenge in hydrology. We reveal the striking variability of local‐scale SM across the United States using SMAP‐HydroBlocks — a novel satellite‐based surface SM data set at 30‐m resolution. Results show how the complex interplay of SM with landscape characteristics and hydroclimate is primarily driven by local variations in soil properties. This local‐scale complexity yields a remarkable and unique multi‐scale behavior at each location. However, very little of this complexity persists across spatial scales. Experiments reveal that on average 48% and up to 80% of the SM spatial information is lost at the 1‐km resolution, with complete loss expected at the scale of current state‐of‐the‐art SM monitoring and modeling systems (1–25 km resolution).
Decadal Variability of Southern Subtropical SST Wavenumber‐4 Pattern and Its Impact
Authors: Senapati Balaji , Dash Mihir K. , Behera Swadhin K.
Published: August 2022

A decadal variability is revealed in sea surface temperature (SST) wavenumber‐4 (W4) pattern of southern subtropics (20°–55°S) using wavelet and empirical orthogonal function analysis. The decadal variability of the SST W4 pattern evolves from the decadal modulation of the South Pacific Meridional Mode (SPMM) as seen in SST footprints. The SST residuals of the SPMM create a favorable environment for the frequent occurrence of positive/negative type of the SST W4 pattern and is discussed. Since SST W4 pattern covers the globe, it potentially affects the decadal rainfall variability over Southern continents by modulating local atmospheric circulation. During positive phase, anomalous SST close to South America, Australia, and Southern Africa enforces the wind to go on/offshore and converges/diverges the moisture into/out of the landmass. As a result, specific humidity changes and alters the rainfall over Southern continents on a decadal scale. The scenario is opposite during the negative phase.
Machine‐Learning Estimation of Snow Depth in 2021 Texas Statewide Winter Storm Using SAR Imagery
Authors: Yu Xiao , Hu Xie , Wang Guoquan , Wang Kaicun , Chen Xuelong
Published: August 2022

The frequency of extreme climate events has escalated since 1980. In February 2021, an unprecedented winter storm dumped the snow record in Texas. It claimed hundreds of lives and evolved into a national major disaster. However, we still lack a systematic approach to quantify large‐scale snow depth. Here, we use the differential coherence from Sentinel‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to characterize the surface disturbance due to this winter storm. We further rely on machine‐learning algorithms to quantify Texas statewide snow depth using surface disturbance map, SAR amplitude, precipitation, temperature, surface topography, land cover, and population. Our approach can provide an independent snow depth estimation. Approximately 89% of Texas accumulated over 30‐mm snow depth. The SAR and machine‐learning integrated methods can also be applied to quantify other forms of surface disturbance and to ultimately help natural hazard mitigation.
Atlantic Water Properties, Transport and Heat Loss From Mooring Observations North of Svalbard
Authors: Koenig Zoe , Kalhagen Kjersti , Kolås Eivind , Fer Ilker , Nilsen Frank , Cottier Finlo
Published: August 2022

The Atlantic Water inflow to the Arctic Ocean is transformed and modified in the area north of Svalbard, which influences the Arctic Ocean heat and salt budget. Year‐round observations are relatively sparse in this region partially covered by sea ice. We took advantage of one‐year‐long records of ocean currents and hydrography from seven moorings north of Svalbard. The moorings are organized in two arrays separated by 94 km along the path of the Atlantic Water inflow to investigate the properties, transport and heat loss of the Atlantic Water in 2018/2019. The Atlantic Water volume transport varies from 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s−1) in spring to 2 Sv in fall. The first mode of variation of the Atlantic Water inflow temperature is a warm/cold mode with a seasonal cycle. The second mode corresponds to a shorter time scale (6–7 days) variability in the onshore/offshore displacement of the temperature core linked to the mesoscale variability. Heat loss from the Atlantic Water in this region is estimated, for the first time using two mooring arrays and conserving the volume transport. The heat loss varies between 302 W m−2 in winter to 60 W m−2 in spring. The onshore moorings show a westward countercurrent driven by Ekman setup in spring, carrying transformed‐Atlantic Water. The offshore moorings show a bottom‐intensified current that covaries with the wind stress curl. These two mooring arrays allowed for a better comprehension of the structure and transformation of the slope currents north of Svalbard.
Causes of Variable Shortening and Tectonic Subsidence During Changes in Subduction: Insights From Flexural Thermokinematic Modeling of the Neogene Southern Central Andes (28–30°S)
Authors: Mackaman‐Lofland Chelsea , Horton Brian K. , Ketcham Richard A. , McQuarrie Nadine , Fosdick Julie C. , Fuentes Facundo , Constenius Kurt N. , Capaldi Tomas N. , Stockli Daniel F. , Alvarado Patricia
Published: August 2022

The Andes of western Argentina record spatiotemporal variations in morphology, basin geometry, and structural style that correspond with changes in crustal inheritance and convergent margin dynamics. Above the modern Pampean flat‐slab subduction segment (27–33°S), retroarc shortening generated a fold‐thrust belt and intraforeland basement uplifts that converge north of ∼29°S, providing opportunities to explore the effects of varied deformation and subduction regimes on synorogenic sedimentation. We integrate new detrital zircon U‐Pb and apatite (U‐Th)/He analyses with sequentially restored, flexurally balanced cross sections and thermokinematic models at ∼28.5–30°S to link deformation with resulting uplift, erosion, and basin accumulation histories. Tectonic subsidence, topographic evolution, and thermochronometric cooling records point to (a) shortening and distal foreland basin accumulation at ∼18–16 Ma, (b) thrust belt migration, changes in sediment provenance, and enhanced flexural subsidence from ∼16 to 9 Ma, (c) intraforeland basement deformation, local flexure, and drainage reorganization at ∼12–7 Ma, and (d) out‐of‐sequence shortening and exhumation of foreland basin fill by ∼8–2 Ma. Thrust belt kinematics and the reactivation of basement heterogeneities strongly controlled tectonic load configurations and subsidence patterns. Geo/thermochronological data and model results resolve increased shortening and combined thrust belt and intraforeland basement loading in response to ridge collision and Neogene shallowing of the subducted oceanic slab. Finally, this study demonstrates the utility of integrated flexural thermokinematic and erosion modeling for evaluating the geometries, rates, and potential drivers of retroarc deformation and foreland basin evolution during changes in subduction.
Exosomes rewire the cartilage microenvironment in osteoarthritis: from intercellular communication to therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wu Yuangang , Li Jiao , Zeng Yi , Pu Wenchen , Mu Xiaoyu , Sun Kaibo , Peng Yong , Shen Bin
Published: August 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss and accounts for a major source of pain and disability worldwide. However, effective strategies for cartilage repair are lacking, and patients with advanced OA usually need joint replacement. Better comprehending OA pathogenesis may lead to transformative therapeutics. Recently studies have reported that exosomes act as a new means of cell-to-cell communication by delivering multiple bioactive molecules to create a particular microenvironment that tunes cartilage behavior. Specifically, exosome cargos, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, play a crucial role in OA progression by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response of joint cells, rendering them promising candidates for OA monitoring and treatment. This review systematically summarizes the current insight regarding the biogenesis and function of exosomes and their potential as therapeutic tools targeting cell-to-cell communication in OA, suggesting new realms to improve OA management.
Pathophysiological evaluation of the LRRK2 G2385R risk variant for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Tezuka Toshiki , Taniguchi Daisuke , Sano Mariko , Shimada Tomoyo , Oji Yutaka , Tsunemi Taiji , Ikeda Aya , Li Yuanzhe , Yoshino Hiroyo , Ogata Jun , Shiba-Fukushima Kahori , Funayama Manabu , Nishioka Kenya , Imai Yuzuru , Hattori Nobutaka
Published: August 2022

Missense variants in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) lead to familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathological features of PD patients with LRRK2 variants differ. Here, we report an autopsy case harboring the LRRK2 G2385R, a risk variant for PD occurring mainly in Asian populations. The patient exhibited levodopa-responsive parkinsonism at the early stage and visual hallucinations at the advanced stage. The pathological study revealed diffuse Lewy bodies with neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and mild signs of neuroinflammation. Biochemically, detergent-insoluble phospho-α-synuclein was accumulated in the frontal, temporal, entorhinal cortexes, and putamen, consistent with the pathological observations. Elevated phosphorylation of Rab10, a substrate of LRRK2, was also prominent in various brain regions. In conclusion, G2385R appears to increase LRRK2 kinase activity in the human brain, inducing a deleterious brain environment that causes Lewy body pathology.
Statistical framework to support the epidemiological interpretation of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in municipal wastewater
Authors: Dai Xiaotian , Champredon David , Fazil Aamir , Mangat Chand S. , Peterson Shelley W. , Mejia Edgard M. , Lu Xuewen , Chekouo Thierry
Published: August 2022

The ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is detectable in municipal wastewater as infected individuals can shed the virus in their feces. Viral concentration in wastewater can inform the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic but observations can be noisy and sparse and hence hamper the epidemiological interpretation. Motivated by a Canadian nationwide wastewater surveillance data set, unlike previous studies, we propose a novel Bayesian statistical framework based on the theories of functional data analysis to tackle the challenges embedded in the longitudinal wastewater monitoring data. By employing this framework to analyze the large-scale data set from the nationwide wastewater surveillance program covering 15 sampling sites across Canada, we successfully detect the true trends of viral concentration out of noisy and sparsely observed viral concentrations, and accurately forecast the future trajectory of viral concentrations in wastewater. Along with the excellent performance assessment using simulated data, this study shows that the proposed novel framework is a useful statistical tool and has a significant potential in supporting the epidemiological interpretation of noisy viral concentration measurements from wastewater samples in a real-life setting.
Simultaneous regression and classification for drug sensitivity prediction using an advanced random forest method
Authors: Lenhof Kerstin , Eckhart Lea , Gerstner Nico , Kehl Tim , Lenhof Hans-Peter
Published: August 2022

Machine learning methods trained on cancer cell line panels are intensively studied for the prediction of optimal anti-cancer therapies. While classification approaches distinguish effective from ineffective drugs, regression approaches aim to quantify the degree of drug effectiveness. However, the high specificity of most anti-cancer drugs induces a skewed distribution of drug response values in favor of the more drug-resistant cell lines, negatively affecting the classification performance (class imbalance) and regression performance (regression imbalance) for the sensitive cell lines. Here, we present a novel approach called SimultAneoUs Regression and classificatiON Random Forests (SAURON-RF) based on the idea of performing a joint regression and classification analysis. We demonstrate that SAURON-RF improves the classification and regression performance for the sensitive cell lines at the expense of a moderate loss for the resistant ones. Furthermore, our results show that simultaneous classification and regression can be superior to regression or classification alone.
Correlates of patient-reported cognitive performance with regard to disability
Authors: Van Laethem Delphine , De Cock Alexander , Van Schependom Jeroen , Benedict Ralph H. B. , Nagels Guy , D’hooghe Marie
Published: August 2022

The patient-reported form of the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Questionnaire (MSNQ) assesses perceived problems attributable to cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is inconsistently related to objective cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS), while strongly correlated with depression. We assessed whether the relationship between subjective and objective cognitive screening tools is moderated by disability. Furthermore, we investigated the MSNQ as a screening tool for both cognitive impairment and depression. 275 MS patients completed the patient-reported MSNQ, two‐question screening tool for depression and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and were divided into Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) subgroups: Low 0.0–3.0, Medium 3.5–6.0, High 6.5–9.0. MSNQ scores correlated significantly with depression but not SDMT in all subgroups. After correcting for age, sex, education, EDSS and depression, MSNQ significantly predicted SDMT in the total group, but not the subgroups. MSNQ significantly predicted a positive depression and/or cognitive impairment screen in the total group and all subgroups. The relationship between subjective and objective cognitive screening tools is not influenced by physical disability. MSNQ scores are substantially influenced by depression, and reflect cognitive function to some degree. Patient-reported cognitive measures can be useful to identify patients requiring further (neuro)psychological assessment.
Na superionic conductor-type LiZr2(PO4)3 as a promising solid electrolyte for use in all-solid-state Li metal batteries
Authors: Nakayama Masanobu , Nakano Koki , Harada Maho , Tanibata Naoto , Takeda Hayami , Noda Yusuke , Kobayashi Ryo , Karasuyama Masayuki , Takeuchi Ichiro , Kotobuki Masashi
Published: August 2022

Experimental, computational, and informatics approaches are applied to investigate NASICON-type LiZr2(PO4)3 as promising solid electrolytes for all solid-state Li metal batteries.
Chiral diethyl-EDT-TTF and tetraethyl-BEDT-TTF: synthesis, structural characterization, radical cation salt and charge transfer complexes
Authors: Mroweh Nabil , Cauchy Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Avarvari Narcis
Published: August 2022

The chiroptical and structural properties of the chiral tetrathiafulvalene donors DE-EDT-TTF and TE-BEDT-TTF, which provided crystalline radical cation salts and charge transfer complexes, have been experimentally investigated and supported by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
Electronic and architecture engineering of hammer-shaped Ir–NiMoO4-ZIF for effective oxygen evolution
Authors: Song Ming , Lu Xinhu , Du Minglin , Chen Zhenyang , Zhu Chen , Xu Hui , Cheng Wenjing , Zhuang Wenchang , Li Zhao , Tian Lin
Published: August 2022

Electronic and architecture engineering is realized via doping an ultralow amount of Ir into NiMoO4-ZIF hammers to achieve outstanding electrocatalytic OER performance.
Neural network-based pseudopotential: development of a transferable local pseudopotential
Authors: Woo Jeheon , Kim Hyeonsu , Kim Woo Youn
Published: August 2022

Schematic diagram of neural network-based local pseudopotential (NNLP).
Pinus nigrabark from a mercury mining district studied with high resolution XANES spectroscopy
Authors: Bardelli Fabrizio , Rimondi Valentina , Lattanzi Pierfranco , Rovezzi Mauro , Isaure Marie-Pierre , Giaccherini Andrea , Costagliola Pilario
Published: August 2022

HR-XANES data suggest that atmospheric (gaseous) elemental mercury (Hg(0)g) is transformed to inorganic Hg(ii)-sulphides at the bark surface and subsurface, and further transformed to organic Hg-dithiolate phases at increasing depth inside the bark.
Highly flexible and accurate serial picoinjection in droplets by combined pressure and flow rate control
Authors: Breukers Jolien , Op de Beeck Hannah , Rutten Iene , López Fernández Montserrat , Eyckerman Sven , Lammertyn Jeroen
Published: August 2022

This novel methodology to control serial picoinjectors allows for accurate and flexible combinatorial reagent addition into droplets.
Highly symmetric Ln(iii) boron-containing macrocycles as bright fluorophores for living cell imaging
Authors: Zhu Zhenhua , Jin Guo-Qing , Wu Jinjiang , Ying Xu , Zhao Chen , Zhang Jun-Long , Tang Jinkui
Published: August 2022

Boron-assisted highly symmetric rigid Ln macrocycles were designed and synthesized, showing high brightness and promising potential applications in bioimaging.