bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A statistical look at Modeen's forecast of the population of Finland in 1934
Authors: Alho Juha M.
Published: June 2020

Gunnar Modeen made the first cohort-component forecast for Finland in 1934. This was a time when demographic transition was just over, but that fact could not have been known at the time. Would it have made any difference if Modeen had had the tools of modern time-series analysis available? We find that the essential question of how to deal with changing trends would have still been difficult. However; the modern tools would have given the forecast user a realistic indicator of the uncertainty of the forecast being made. This suggests that in developing countries that are undergoing transition now, more effort should he paid to the analysis of uncertainty of forecasting.
Motherhood in family context - comparing professional practices in maternity and child health care in Finland and Scotland
Authors: Marjo Kuronen
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to examine professional practices in matemity and childhealth care in two countries, Finland and Scotland, concentrating on how motherhoodis located in family context, on how family is defined and worked with. Subthemesanalysed are the role of fathers, 'family support' fr mothers and the discussion overlone motherhood. The study was carried out through local case studies using ethnographicmethods, mainly observation and interviews with health professionals. Resultsshow that Finnish health professionals have adopted a family-oriented way of workingemphasising the importance of pair relationships and shared parenthood, comparedwith their Scottish colleagues, who work in a more women-oriented way and emphasisethe role of other women as social support fr mothers. In conclusion the two differentprofessional orientations are connected to wider social and cultural differences betweenthe two countries.
Fertility in Finland in the 1980s and 1990s: Analysis of Fertility Trend by Age and ParityAge and ParityFertility in Finland in the 1980s and 1990s: Analysis of Fertility Trend byAge and ParityFamilial, Situational, and Attitudinal Determinants of Third-Birth Intentions and Their Uncertainty
Authors: Anders Vikat
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the fertility trend in Finland from 1982 to1999 by age and parity, using age- and parity-specific birth intensities and syntheticcohort measures of period fertility. The findings are discussed in the light of theconcurrent changes in family policy and macroeconomic environment, and in thecontext of fertility developments in other Nordic countries. From 1982 to 1987,first-birth rates decreased while second and higher order birth rates changed little.From 1987, there was a rise in womens fertility at all parities throughout thereproductive age span. In first births, this increase reverted to a decrease in 1991.Second and higher order birth rates continued to increase until 1994. Third andhigher order births have somewhat decreased thereafter. First-birth rates of womenover 35 have risen throughout the study period, and the mean age at first birth hasincreased.
Migration and and Employment of Immigrants in the Finnish Local Labor Markets
Authors: Heikkilä Elli , Järvinen Taru
Published: June 2020

This article concentrates on the special features of country-internal migration of immigrants.The internal migration of immigrants within the country and the growth ofurban centers are analyzed on the national level by municipalities and, in more detail,in nine differently structured local labor-market areas. The position of immigrants inthe local labor-market areas depends on their educational level. Urban centers withdeveloped, multistructured labor markets have strengthened their edge over others inattracting in-migrants from more peripheral areas in the subgroup of immigrants, aswell as in general. Internal and international migrations are related to each other. Thelarger urban centers and refugee-receiving municipalities play an important role inlinking international and internal migration.
Value Orientations and Fertility Intentions of Finnish Men and Women
Authors: Miettinen Anneli , Paajanen Pirjo
Published: June 2020

In thispaper we examine howpersona! values and attitudes are related to childbearingintentions among 18-40-year-old Finnish men and women. Wefocus on religiousand individualistic values and on attitudes towardschildrenand thefamily, as well asattitudes towards work and gender roles. The impact of value and attitude orientationsand situationalfactors onfertility decision-making are investigated separatelyat parities 0, 1 and 2 using logistic regression. Our study uses a subsample of 1,237men andwomen drawnfrom thePPA2survey ofthe attitudes ofFinns towardsfamilyand children,family policy measures, values in life as well as theirfertility intentions.Wefind that information on persona! values and attitudes does increase our knowledgeon determinants of childbearing intentions and decision-making, although notali our initial hypotheses concerning the association, or direction of the association,between certain attitudes and fertility intentions were confirmed in the data. Religiousvalues, as well as work-relatedattitudes and individualistic values appeared tohave little bearing on childbearing intentions, while various attitudes towards childrenwere related to intentions to have (more) children. In addition, a conservativefamilistic attitude was related to intentions as well as gender role attitudes. The impactof values and attitudes varied by parity, providing support to the nation thatchildbearing decisions are made sequentially".
Attitudes Towards Foreign-born Settlers: Finland in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Ervasti Heikki
Published: June 2020

The present paper focuses on the Finnish attitudinal climate towards foreign-born settlers, i.e. immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers in a comparative perspective. Two theoretical approaches are tested: 1) the socio-economic explanation in which prejudice is seen as an outcome of the original majority population fearing a decline of their socio-economic position, and 2) a culturally oriented explanation which refers to fears concerning the possible negative cultural effects of immigration. Using survey data from the ? rst round of the European Social Survey (ESS) on Finland and 18 other countries, we ? nd that at the most general level, Finns do hold comparatively negative attitudes towards increasing the number of immigrants in Finland. However, as we turn to more speci? c items on economic and especially cultural threat, we ? nd that Finns are as tolerant or even more tolerant than other Europeans. Multivariate analyses show that both socio-economic factors and values, ideologies and religiosity may generate prejudice. The two theoretical approaches should, thus, not be taken as alternatives but rather as complementary theories.
Population-related Policies in Estonia in the 20th Century: Stages and Turning Points
Authors: Katus Kalev , Puur Allan , Põldma Asta
Published: June 2020

This article is about the experience of population-related policies in Estonia. During the recent decade much has been published on this theme, usually with an analysis of currently enforced regulations. Repeated amendments of legal norms and procedures, which are inevitable in a period of fundamental reforms, however, tend to limit their value quite rapidly. Against such a background, this paper applies a longer perspective with an attempt to cover the main stages and turning points in the development of population-related policies in the country since the establishment of statehood in 1918. In the interwar period, the efforts to build up a modern nation included setting up relevant institutions and regulations in the ? eld of population-related policies. These undertakings have been seldom discussed in the recent publications. Somewhat similarly, the postwar decades are frequently regarded as fairly distant and of little relevance to present challenges. To understand the developments, however, the longer view should not be neglected. Todays concerns are rooted in the arrangements and disarrangements of the past, and no less importantly, such continuity is strengthened by the nature of population development and the ? ow of cohorts which absorb the in? uences of the societal environment and carry them along through their lifetime. The article is structured in four sections focusing on the development of marriage and the family, children and fertility, the pension system and social welfare, and the health care system. In each section, the aim is to outline successive policy regimes and their main characteristics in terms of objectives and methods of regulations. Understandably, limited space does not allow coverage of minor changes and technicalities, so for more speci? c information the article provides further reference to various source materials.
When One Does Not Want to Be Like Others. The Basis of the Sense of Control among Conservative Laestadian Mothers with Large Families
Authors: Pesälä Leena
Published: June 2020

Large families are the most characteristic feature of the Conservative Laestadian revivalist movement. In this research project belonging to the ? eld of psychology my aim is to describe the facts on which the sense of control of the Laestadian mothers with large families is based. My research method is a qualitative contents analysis. The results indicate that the mothers personal faith is the most important element in their sense of control. The values based on the Conservative Laestadian beliefs give a clear and safe structure for life. The most important role of the spouse is to support his wife emotionally, socially and spiritually. Behind the active parenthood of the mothers are the life management skills acquired in their families of origin as well as the experience acquired from motherhood. Family members share both mental and physical responsibilities, consequently supporting the mother. The mothers did not experience that they should not behave according to the family planning practises characteristic of our time. They do not want to be like others.
The Cultural Image of a Good Mother in Three Generations
Authors: Perälä-Littunen Satu
Published: June 2020

In this article the image of a good Finnish mother is described and the images by daughters, sons, mothers, fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers are compared. Three members of the same family (129 families) each from a different generation were interviewed (387 persons).The good mother loves, listens to, and controls her child. She gives advice and spends time with her child. She is patient and supportive. The good mother is an example for her child and she treats all her children equally. When the images of the different groups were compared, it was noted that the informants could be divided into two on the basis of the images they had produced: Mothers, daughters and sons formed the Informed group, and fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers formed the Traditional group.
Geographical Extraction and the Finnish-Swedish Health Differential in Finland
Authors: Saarela Jan , Finnäs Fjalar
Published: June 2020

Previous research concerned with the Finnish-Swedish mortality differential in Finland tends to have overlooked the fact that many Finnish speakers who live in the same coastal area as the Swedish speakers originate from parts of the country with high death rates. Using an extract from Statistics Finlands longitudinal employment statistics ? le, we ? nd that geographical extraction is an important factor underlying variation in both mortality and disability retirement in working-aged people. Finnish speakers born in eastern and northern Finland have substantially poorer health than those originating from western Finland. It is consequently not suf? cient to restrict analyses only by present region of residence. Still, there remains a between-group health differential also in people born in the coastal area, which suggests that health behaviors and risk factors could be relevant.
Television in Young Childrens Social Relationships
Authors: Roine Mira , Valkonen Satu , Lahikainen Anja Riitta
Published: June 2020

Our aim is to highlight the role played by television in pre-school-aged childrens social relationships. We moreover examine how social relationships are related to childrens capabilities to cope with their television fears.Children aged 5 to 6 (N=309) were interviewed in three Finnish university cities using previously developed interview methods. Parents (N=297) completed four questionnaires covering family background, TV viewing habits, psychiatric well-being and quality and quantity of the childs sleep. Television viewing by pre-school-aged children was quite social in nature, although our qualitative data suggested that television was sometimes also used in asocial ways. Co-viewing within the family was common, whereas peer groups signi? cance in the media reception process was evident after the viewing situation, in childrens games based on television programs. 62% of children reported at least one television fear. However, it seems that the presence of family members may help children to cope with television fears.
Expectations of Europeans Towards Family Policy and the Impact of Desired Support on Fertility Levels
Authors: Avramov Dragana , Cliquet Robert
Published: June 2020

On the basis of information gathered from 35,000 women and men across 14 European countries, we ? rst look at attitudes towards fertility, children, and population dynamics. Then we analyse the expectations about the number of children people wish to have and expectations towards public policies to support them as parents. Finally, we assess the possible demographic effects of policy measures that people wish and expect to bene? t from. Most people are in favour of many traditional family policy measures. The possible effects of such policies on fertility are estimated to be modest albeit not negligible. The general conclusion is that the overall effect of the 13 traditional policy measures on increasing the number of children may be estimated at between 6 percent and 13 percent. The general scienti? c insight leads us to a conclusion that a substantial and longlasting effect of policy measures to enable people to have the number of children they wish can only be expected from a comprehensive change in the labour market conditions and related enhancement of opportunities for individuals to manage their life course in innovative ways. An important asset over which people have relatively little control, up until the age at retirement, is time. Prolonged education, more-or-less long unemployment episodes, establishment in employment, postponement of parenthood, ? rst birth in late 20s and/or experience of sub-fecundity in mid-30, excessive pressure on time in mid-life, and long years of inactivity in retirement, are features of dysfunctional economy of time in modern society. The future fertility levels may be expected to be determined by the economy of time as lifes capital and not just by selected palliate measures.
Trends in Life Expectancy by Level of Education and Occupational Social Class in Finland 1981-2000
Authors: Valkonen Tapani , Martikainen Pekka
Published: June 2020

The study analyses trends in life expectancy by level of education and by occupational social class in Finland from 1981 to 2000 to assess to what extent these trends have been in accordance with the target of reducing socioeconomic differences in life expectancy set in the Government public health programme. The study is based on the census records for the population aged 35 or over, which have been linked to the death records for the years 1981 to 2000. The results show that, contrary to the public health target, the difference in the life expectancy between persons with tertiary and basic education and that between upper non-manual and manual occupational classes increased during the 1990s. Differences in the trends in mortality from alcohol-related causes of death and from other cancers than lung cancer accounted for most the increase in the socioeconomic gap among men. Different from the 1980s changes in cardiovascular mortality did not contribute to the increase in the socioeconomic gap. Among women the increase in the socioeconomic gap was mainly due to the heterogeneous group of other diseases and cancers other than lung and breast cancer
Wealth in Two Ethnic Groups: The Role of Internal Migration Background
Authors: Saarela Jan
Published: June 2020

This paper studies wealth within an area of Finland that is settled by two ethnic groups: Finnish speakers and Swedish speakers. They are equal and similar in most observable respects, but differ greatly on internal migration background. Most of the Swedish speakers were born in the area, whereas many of the Finnish speakers have migrated into it from other parts of the country. The primary aim of the paper is to analyse whether this differential is interrelated with potential wealth variation. Data covering the years 1991 to 1999 reveal that the Swedish speakers have substantially higher wealth levels than the Finnish speakers, and that variation in economic wellbeing interrelates with whether or not the person was born in the present region of residence. The results suggest that failures in economic assimilation, as discussed in the international migration literature, may be found also when studying people who differ on internal migration background.
Chinas Rural-Urban Migration: The Structure and Gender Attributes of the Floating Rural Labor Force
Authors: Luo Guifen
Published: June 2020

This article focuses on Chinese female rural migrant workers. Based on the survey data collected in Anhui and Sichuan provinces of China, the article investigates gender aspects of Chinese rural-urban migrants in the context of the household migration model.Results of the examination indicate that the rapid economic development that China is undergoing makes it possible for rural women to go from traditional villages to modern and post-modern cities and gain employment in urban areas and VTEs (village and township enterprises). The young, unmarried, and well-educated rural women are much more likely to migrate or to get off-farm jobs, and the occupations held by these rural female workers are more varied. There are gender features among the rural-urban migrant workers. The proportion of the returnees among married women is much higher than that of their male counterparts. Income also differs between female and male laborers. While the proportion of women in the lower income group is higher than men, the proportion of female workers in the higher income groups is lower. The lack of social security for rural residents proves to be a highly signi? cant institutional barrier for rural women to access the new opportunities offered by a more open economy and the modernization process.On a more general level, the results of the study suggest that market-oriented economic reform brought about diverse effects on Chinese women in terms of labor market status. Though the institutional barriers put Chinese female rural workers in a position of disadvantage, the performance of female rural-urban migrant workers suggests that they are active beings rather than passive victims merely adapting to the social transformation. Female rural-urban migrant workers have been and still are playing important and speci? c roles at the crossover between the emerging capitalist economy and the traditional rural society. In doing so they are positive participants of globalization in a wider development perspective.
Selectivity in Higher-Order Childbearing in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Gunnar
Published: June 2020

In this note, we present relative risks of giving birth for mothers with different numbers of children. We use Swedish register data and study the propensity to continue the childbearing beyond child number two. We pay special attention to births of those higher orders that are studied only rarely in conventional demographic analyses. As the parity increases to higher numbers, we expect to ? nd some kind of selection so that the group of mothers increasingly consists of very birth prone women. For births after a fourth child, we indeed ? nd such an effect in that the relative risk of giving birth to an additional child then increases with the birth order. In our intensity-regression models, we also check whether this selection effect of increasing birth risks can be picked up by the inclusion of a speci? c factor for unobserved heterogeneity in the mothers propensity to give birth. We ? nd that the positive gradient in the propensity to give birth indeed disappears when such a factor is included into our model.
How Social Impact and innovation Have Been Related in the Academic Literature?
Authors: Melo Mary Fernanda de Sousa de , Yaryd Rodrigo Trotta , Souza Roberta Castro , Campos-Silva Willerson Lucas
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Analyze what subjects emerges when integrating “social impact” and “innovation” in the scientific literature. Methodology: It was developed a systematic review of literature. Data analysis was done in two stages: descriptive and exploratory. The co-word network maps were analysed through the VOSviewer software. Originality / Value:The globalization and the advancements in the technological and informational fields, together with the development of the emerging economies, involve a range of challenges. In this sense, technology could increase the capability of identifying social needs and enhances the low-cost possible solutions. However, it is not clear how innovation and social impact have been analysed by the literature. Findings:Previous studies were advanced, by not restricting a period for the collection and contemplating the last three years (2015-2018), where 70% of the articles of the sample belong. Furthermore, the clusters’ analysis allows the development of new research focusing on subareas that permeate this discussion, thus helping to define, understand and advance the discussion of the theme. Theoretical / methodological contributions: The main subject that emerges from the analysis was the financial question. Both in the bibliographic and the qualitative analysis of the top papers, it was noticed that as a theoretical basis and practical example of social impact innovation, the financial innovations stand out.  Managerial implications: The result reinforces that meeting the social needs is an opportunity for entrepreneurs, that can act attaining inclusive economy and inclusive growth.
Relacionamento com Clientes em Empresas Startups: Uma Análise de Publicações em Marketing
Authors: Garzaro Daniela Menezes , Varotto Luís Fernando , Pedro Samara Carvalho , Riccomini Fernanda Edileuza
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Identificar o direcionamento atual das pesquisas sobre relacionamento de marketing na modalidade business to consumer (B2C) em ambientes virtuais (internet e aplicativos de celulares), com foco em empresas startups, evidenciando os principais construtos estudados, os métodos utilizados e a evolução das pesquisas nos últimos anos.Método: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura a partir de 62 artigos, selecionados na base de dados Web of Science, sendo realizada na sequência uma análise de estatística textual com o software Iramuteq.Originalidade/Relevância: A temática do estudo para área de relacionamento em marketing, em função da relativa novidade do tema e da escassez de estudos, torna a pesquisa relevante, estando sua originalidade no apontamento de várias lacunas para estudos futuros, em especial em relação à marca, aos aplicativos móveis e às fintechs (financeiras de tecnologia).Resultados: Os temas mais prevalecentes nesses estudos foram qualidade percebida, utilidade, facilidade de uso e segurança, e as suas relações com a satisfação e com a lealdade do cliente.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Percebe-se uma lacuna no estudo do relacionamento com o cliente no ambiente online, já que poucos trabalhos tratam das questões relacionadas com atendimento e qualidade do relacionamento, principalmente no contexto de empresas startups.Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: O aprofundamento do tema oportuniza aos gestores de negócios de vários segmentos, e aos profissionais da área de marketing de relacionamento, a possibilidade de conhecerem e refletirem acerca das relações entre cliente e empresa e os meios adotados como interface para esse relacionamento.
Kerajinan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Sebagai Alternatif Pembuatan Bros Ramah Lingkungan Tambakrejo Semarang
Authors: Musapana Siti , Amalia Intan Rizky
Published: June 2020

Tambakrejo dikenal dengan daerah pesisir. Hal ini dikarenakan letak kelurahannya dekat dengan pesisir pantai dan mayoritas warganya memang berprofesi sebagai nelayan. Berbagai hasil tangkapan laut yang diperoleh para nelayan Tambakrejo salah satunya adalah kerang. Keberadaan kerang sangat melimpah. Namun kerang yang dihasilkan hanya dimanfaatkan bagian dagingnya saja, sedangkan untuk cangkang kerang hanya menjadi limbah yang tidak dapat diurai oleh tanah. Alternatif yang dilakukan yaitu memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kerang yang diolah menjadi kerajinan tangan bros agar dapat meningkatkan perekonomian warga Tambakrejo yang memiliki nilai estetika dan nilai jual ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan limbah cangkang kerang sebagai alternatif kerajinan tangan pembuatan bros ramah lingkungan Tambakrejo, Semarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Untuk menganalisis data hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari dasar teori yang dalam hal ini digunakan sebagai patokan pengambilan data yang melatar belakangi artkel ini serta observasi secara langsung terhadap objek penelitian, yaitu tentang limbah cangkang kerang yang berada di Tambakrejo Semarang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan mengenai Kerajinan Tangan Limbah Cangkang Kerang sebagai Alternatif Pembuatan Bros Ramah Lingkungan Tambakrejo Semarang, diketahui bahwa kegiatan ini menjadi solusi dalam meningkatkan potensi yang ada di Tambakrejo, sehingga memiliki berbagai manfaat untuk dibuat kerajinan tangan yang unik dan bisa dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu penelitian ini diharapkan mampu mengurangi limbah yang sulit terurai menjadi kerajinan tangan yang memiliki nilai estetika tinggi dan mampu meningkatkan perekonomian warga Tambakrejo Semarang.
IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in neonates born to mothers with COVID-19
Authors: Semeshkin AA , Vechorko VI , Silaev BV , Levchuk NN , Polikarpova SV , Averkov OV
Published: June 2020

Immunity against the novel coronavirus infection in neonates born to mothers with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 is an understudied field of research. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The study was carried out in 20 mothers aged 19 to 39 years and 21 neonates (including a pair of twins). Babies born to mothers with elevated IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 also had elevated IgG. There is a hypothesis that anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM are not passed on to the child across the placenta. In all cases studied in this work, neonates were PCR-negative for the virus, which suggests the absence of vertical COVID-19 transmission. Further research is needed.
Антитела IgM и IgG к вирусу SARS-Cov-2 у новорожденных от матерей с COVID-19
Authors: Семешкин А. А. , Вечорко В. И. , Силаев Б. В. , Левчук Н. Н. , Поликарпова С. В. , Аверков О. В.
Published: June 2020

Исследование иммунитета у новорожденных, родившихся от матерей с доказанной новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVD-19, — малоизученный в настоящее время вопрос. Целью работы было проанализировать уровень иммуноглобулинов IgM и IgG к вирусу SARS-CoV-2. Исследование проводили у 20 матерей в возрасте 19–39 лет и 21 новорожденного (родилась одна двойня). В случае обнаружения повышенного уровня иммуноглобулинов IgM, IgG к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 у матери у новорожденного выявляли повышенный уровень IgG. Имеется предположение, что иммуноглобулины IgM к вирусу SARS-CoV-2 не проникают через плаценту от матери к ребенку. Во всех наблюдениях исследование с помощью ПЦР у новорожденных показало отрицательный результат, таким образом, вертикального пути передачи COVID-19, по всей видимости, нет. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования.
Sponsorship dalam Menciptakan Sikap Merek
Authors: Saleh Rahmat , Siagian Ade Onny
Published: June 2020

Dalam memperkenalkan merek perusahaan harus menggunakan strategi yang tepat. Dikarenakan hal ini berhubungan dengan tingkat efektif dan efisian bagi perusahaan. Dewasa ini iklan televisi menjadi primadona bagi perusahaan yang ingin memperkenalkan merek. Namun iklan televisi semakin mahal dan butuh alternatif pemilihan alat promosi yang lain untuk mendampingi penggunaan iklan televisi. Perusahaan mulai menginggalkan iklan televisi sebagai pilihan utama dalam memperkenalkan merek dengan cara mengurangi alokasi dana untuk iklan televisi. Langkah ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menghemat biaya promosi dan mendapatkan dampak promosi yang lebih baik. Sponsorhip adalah salah satu pilihan yang tepat dalam mempromosikan merek. Karena promosi dapat membangun citra perusahaan. Selain itu tercipta hubungan yang lebih intim antara merek dan konsumen jika menggunakan sponsorhip. Asosiasi dan citra yang sudah terbentuk di benak konsumen menjadi bekal sikap kepada merek yang ditandai oleh perasaan suka kepada merek dan pada akhirnya mau menggunakan merek.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM KOTA BATAM
Authors: Efriyenty Dian
Published: June 2020

Kinerja UMKM secara umum cukup bervariasi dari tahun ke tahun. Kondisi tersebut diakibatkan tingkat pertumbuhan output UMKM yang cenderung fluktuatif ditiap tahunnya. Masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh para pelaku UMKM salah satunya yaitu pengelolaan keuangan. Dampak dari diabaikannya pengelolaan keuangan mungkin tidak terlihat jelas, namun tanpa metode akuntansi yang efektif, usaha yang memiliki prospek untuk berhasil dapat menjadi bangkrut. Berbagai macam keterbatasan lain yang dihadapi oleh UMKM mulai dari latar belakang pendidikan yang tidak mengenal akuntansi atau tata buku, tidak adanya kecukupan dana untuk mempekerjakan akuntan atau membeli software akuntansi untuk mempermudah pelaksanaan pembukuan akuntansi. Penelitian ini diharapkan para usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) yang digunakan sebagai alat penggunaan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam pengajuan kredit dan menghitung pajak. Sampel penelitian ini adalah UMKM Binaan Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Pasar Koperasi dan UKM Kota Batam Tahun 2018. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa secara parsial jenjang pendidikan, lama usaha dan pelatihan akuntansi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi.
Being the Other in Dance. Some Phenomenological Aspects
Authors:   Saratov National Research  State University, Shachneva Alina Alekseyevna
Published: June 2020

The paper discusses the phenomenological concepts of the Other and the Alien through the prism of the art of dance. The role of the concept of the body is noted not only in choreographic art, but also in modern French phenomenology presented in the works of Maurice Merlot-Ponti and Marc Reshire. A phenomenological analysis of the interaction of the choreographer and dancer was carried out, during which the essential role of intersubjectivity was revealed not only as the interaction of subjects generalized by one goal, but also as a generalized and interpenetrating field of experience, on the basis of which a new type of experience is developed, with which it is possible to create new dance. Also fantasy plays a significant role in creating a dance, and as a result, in creating new meanings. Fantasy appears here as a certain field of opportunity, which expands the horizons of consciousness and makes person’s way of life invariant.
Daily Life of Baikal Amur Corrective Labor Camp (Bamlag) Inhabitants in the 1930s (According to the Diary Entries of a Prisoner and a Guard)
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Blonsky Leonid Vladimirovich
Published: June 2020

The present study attempts to characterize the features of a daily life of people who built the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railway in the 1930s. In 1932, in order to finish the building of the railway as soon as possible, a special corrective labor camp was organized in the system of Stalin's GULag (Main Directorate of Camps and Places of Incarceration) which was called Bamlag. In the camp there were many extraordinary people, some of them managed to keep diary entries even in such inhumane conditions. This epistolary heritage allows us to recreate to some extent the features of daily life of Bamlag inhabitants. The two main categories of any penitentiary institution are warders (guards) and prisoners. Just few of them are prone to sentimentality and desire to documentation of their own and surrounding life. However, even among these people there were the ones who sought to depict their daily lives. The study analyzes the diary entries of the guard I. Chistyakov and the prisoner N. Gapanovich.
Shora Nogmov and Pyatigorye Region: Little-known Information on the Life of Kabardian Villages in the Late 18th – the First Third of the 19th Centuries
Authors:   Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center  of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Fomenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2020

The study examines the part of the biography of the famous Kabardian historian Shora Nogmov related to Pyatigorye region (Caucasus Mineral Waters region). This aspect of Nogmov Studies is analyzed for the first time. An attempt was made to determine the location of the Kabardian village Atazhukino on the Yutsa River, where Shora Nogmov was born. The details of Sh. Nogmov’s residence in Khadzhi-aul at the foot of Mount Beshtau are specified. Khadzhi-aul is briefly described according to available written data and archaeological sources. Some information is given on neighbouring villages (Koshev, Roslambek-aul, Karmovo, Bekmurzin, Karras, Sultanovsky, etc.), which Sh. Nogmov probably visited. The author comes to the conclusion that the life of Adyghe historian Sh. Nogmov is connected to concrete historical and archaeological monuments (remains of Atazhukino village on the Yutsa River, Khadzhi-aul near Beshtau Mountain, Koshev village, etc.). The work contains practical recommendations on the preservation and use of some historical and cultural monuments of Caucasus Mineral Waters region. The article is supplemented by illustrations (a map, a diagram and photographs) of independent scientific value.
Specificity of Scientific Attribution of Stone Items (on the Example of the Polytechnic Museum Collection)
Authors:   Vernadsky State Geological Museum  of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernenko Victoria Victorovna
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of comprehensive researches of several stone products from the collection of the Mining Department of the Polytechnic Museum. It is shown that when attributing artistic stone items, it is necessary to conduct research in several areas of scientific knowledge – art history, evolution of stone art processing technologies, and mineralogy in combination with archival studies. The incorrect name of the material can lead to an erroneous determination of the time and place of the item creation. The attribution of the material from which the item was made should be carried out visually using reference collections stored in the oldest natural science museums. If visual diagnostics are not enough to identify the source of the material, it is necessary to conduct analytical studies with devices that do not destroy the material.
“Serious Games”: Mobile Apps and “Philosophy for Everyone”
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Makulin Artem Vladimirovich , Rubenko Aleksey Sergeyevich ,   Northern State Medical University
Published: June 2020

The paper discusses the phenomenon of the so-called serious games, i.e. computer applications presented on major platforms of the App Store and Google Play and specializing in philosophical content. The relevance of this topic is dictated, on the one hand, by the undeniable fact that the development of technology has undoubtedly affected the educational process; as a result, a lot of educational games and programs were published, which, in modern realities, cannot be ignored due to the fact that they are firmly rooted in the Internet community, especially among schoolchildren and students. On the other hand, we are faced with a problem due to the question of the necessity and expediency of using such programs among students, because, as is known, the wider range is the more difficult to choose the most suitable option. In addition, there is competition between the classical sources of information (such as books, educational films) and serious games industry, where it is quite difficult, weighing their advantages and disadvantages, to determine the priority. The study is an attempt to analyze the integration of modern serious games in a philosophical environment with subsequent use for educational and research purposes. The authors attempt to answer the question that emerged from the bowels of the enlightenment, the reception of which, on the eve the fourth industrial revolution, will probably sound like this: «Do digital technologies contribute to the general “wisdom” of mankind?». Turning to such a narrow phenomenon as «serious games», the authors demonstrate a socio-philosophical perspective that confronts society and education in the form of the «Philosophy for Everyone» dilemma. The ultimate goal of this study is to build a socio-philosophical reflection on the role of «serious games» in modern realities. It is concluded that the «utilitarian value» of «smart technologies» is essential and useful for education, but another thing is also noted: the beneficial effect will be the opposite if the technology monopolizes the entire education market. Methodology used in the study is based on the principles and methods of socio-philosophical analysis, projected mainly on the role of technical evolution of communications in the translation and philosophical knowledge acquisition.
The Role of Universities in Modern Society
Authors:   Perm State National Research University, Pavlova Natalya Borisovna
Published: June 2020

The subject of this study is the role of universities in modern society. In the paper, the author defines the key characteristics and main development trends of universities in the context of the modern transformation of society. The work represents the stage of the research the purpose of which is to form an approach to building the paradigm of a modern Russian university suitable for solving problems of the current university environment and for designing its future. The author analyzed the development trends of the higher education system, identified crisis phenomena in the educational space of a modern university. The author supports the idea that science becomes the direct productive force of society, and the university is an important public institution where fundamental science develops, scientific discoveries are formed and prerequisites for the rapid development of society are created.
Leadership in Disaster Management: Theory Versus Reality
Authors: Mahmud Aidalina , Mohammad Zaahirah , Abdullah Khairul Anuar
Published: June 2020

Leaders should be competent in managing disaster situations to minimize the damage of the events. However, when disaster strikes these leadership competencies may not always come into play. This paper aims to identify the incongruence between what leaders should do and what leaders do when managing real disasters and what can be learned from it. This paper reviews the Aceh Earthquake and Tsunami disaster in 2004 and the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in 2011, as case studies. Published and grey literatures relating to these events were searched from online sources. Two major mismatches between leadership theory and reality were noted: effective communication and ability to co-ordinate resources at all levels. To improve leadership in disaster management, mitigation measures, preparedness and skills in crisis communication must be top-notch, communication disruption must be overcomed as soon as possible; and all entities involved in disaster management must know their roles.
A Nearly Missed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Case of Refractory Anaemia
Authors: Wan Ali Sharifah Azimah , Mohamed Yassin Mohamed Syarif , Abdul Razak Suraya
Published: June 2020

This is a case of a 68-year-old man who was diagnosed late with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis following a few admissions for symptomatic anaemia. Although hypothyroidism is common among the elderly, the classic symptoms are less likely to be evident and anaemia can be the first sign of hypothyroidism. This patient had multiple comorbidities including ischaemic heart disease, diabetes and chronic kidney disease which might have contributed to the delay in finding the underlying cause of his anaemia. He initially presented with symptomatic anaemia and received blood transfusions and iron supplementation. On subsequent follow up, his anaemia failed to improve. He was then referred to our primary care clinic. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis was diagnosed based on his clinical features, thyroid function test results and antithyroid peroxidase level. This case highlights the importance of determining the cause of anaemia as his haemoglobin level improved significantly after thyroxine was commenced. It also serves as a reminder that hypothyroidism should be considered in patients with anaemia, especially in those with uncertain aetiology.
Coin Circulation in the Vyatka Region in the 30-90s of the 18th Century (according to the Data of Coin Treasures)
Authors: Mokerova E. Y. , Tarasov K. N.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of coin circulation in the Vyatka region (province) in the 30-90s of the 18th century. On the basis of a topographic summary compiled by the authors, the findings of coin treasure complexes are characterized. It is noted that, unlike previous periods, the treasures of coins of the XVIII century are divided into categories of coin metals. When analyzing coin complexes, the conclusion is made: in the territory of the Vyatka region, copper coins took the place of a silver penny and began to dominate money circulation from the second half of the 18th century, although a copper coin appeared as legal tender in Peter's time. The circulation of copper coins is determined, which make up the majority of the treasures of finds of the indicated period, mainly in the circle of the social lower classes of society. It is emphasized that the large copper treasures, large in size and weight, do not indicate an increase in the standard of living of the population, but are a reaction of the population to the depreciation of bank notes. The reasons for the population’s motivation for hoarding coin complexes are explored: an active foreign policy, the growth of industry and trade, monetary crises and related reforms and innovations, and tax increase.
Evolution of Image of the Moscow State in Historical Works of Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mehovsky: Second Half of XV - First Third of XVI Centuries
Authors: Nalyvayko R. A.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the evolution of the image of the Moscow principality, and then the state in the works of Polish chroniclers of the XV-XVI centuries Jan Dlugosh and Matvey Mekhovsky. Attention is paid to the characteristics of Moscow, and how these characteristics changed as it strengthened. Particular attention is paid to the assessments of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky regarding their contemporary Moscow princes and rulers of Poland and Lithuania, as well as the expansion of the territory of the Moscow principality. Respect for Moscow princes and criticism of Polish rulers are especially noted. Based on a comparative analysis of the news of J. Dlugosh and M. Mekhovsky, a growing interest in the Moscow state is shown, a geographical description of which is given by M. Mekhovsky. The work shows that the Polish chroniclers have not yet been interested in the internal political history of Moscow - all references were exclusively related to Polish or Lithuanian events. The relevance of the study is due to the role played by Polish historiography of the XV-XVI centuries in shaping the image of the Moscow state, Russia in Europe, in particular, M. Mekhovsky’s Treatise on the Two Sarmatians.
Voluntary Departure of Clergy in the Secular Department in the First Half of the XIX Century: Causes, Results and Procedure of Office Work (on the Materials of the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory)
Authors: Spichak A. V.
Published: June 2020

The relevance of the study is largely due to the fact that at present, as in the period under consideration in the article, many clergy leave their work in the Church, and in the period of revival of the Russian Orthodox Church, this may become a significant problem for it. Its solution implies the need to study the history of this phenomenon. The author, based on the content of legislative acts and the interpretations of modern scholars, considered one of the main problems in the Russian Orthodox Church - voluntary care of the clergy in secular authority, during the XVIII - early XX centuries. On the basis of archival documents, the article reveals the main reasons that encourage young people of the spiritual Department to seek a place of service in secular institutions in the first half of the XIX century, the results of solving such cases by the Tobolsk spiritual Consistory, the terms and stages of office work. The methodological basis of this study was the most important principles of historical science, primarily such as system, historicism, interdisciplinarity and scientific objectivity, which allowed us to consider the studied phenomena in dynamics and interaction.
Evenki of River Basin Olyokma: Resettlement and Land Use in the XXI Century
Authors: Filippova V. V. , Savvinova A. N. , Fondahl G.
Published: June 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the characteristics of the resettlement of the local Evenki group of the Olekma River Basin, which influenced the modern land use and economic and cultural relations of Evenki living now in the Olekminsky District of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Kalarsky and Tungiro-Olekminsky Districts of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Tyndinsky District of Amur region. The article focuses on the study of the Evenki population dynamics based on a comparative analysis of the materials of the censuses of the 20th century. For comparison, current data on the number of Evenks in their areas of residence according to the 2010 census are given. An analysis of archival sources showed that changes in the resettlement of Evenk clans occurred simultaneously with changes in the administrative-territorial division. Factographic materials found in the National Archives of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) confirm that when deciding on the administrative-territorial structure, the opinions and proposals of the local population were taken into account. Author’s maps were compiled, which allowed a spatial analysis of the distribution of the population and the forms of organization of the Evenki economy. It was found out that each region has its own specific land use determined by administrative decisions and regional policies.