bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MARKETING STRATEGIC PLANNING, PRICING, MARKETING OF EVENTS IN THE FIELD OF HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES ENERGY SAVING
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, Kasian Serhii
Published: December 2021

The creation of regional centers of standardization in the field of distribution and use of energy flows of an alternative type contributes to the consistency of the quality of energy supply and logistics services of high-tech enterprises (HTP) and housing and communal services (housing). The integrated combination of the latest forms of marketing communications and logistics service is based on the interaction and interpenetration of important types of marketing activities of industrial enterprises during the movement of resource flows in global and regional value chains focused on sustainable development. Logistics service contributes to a fuller adaptation of the vector of goods supply of enterprises to the demands of potential segments of the target market. Innovative and technological development encourages the constant improvement of means and methods of communication support of logistics services. The implementation of a set of business opportunities aimed at creating joint high-tech projects in the areas of technology transfer and commercialization of innovations is possible through the comprehensive integration of education, science and business. Theoretical and methodological components of marketing strategic planning, pricing, organization of marketing of energy saving events at high-tech enterprises were investigated. It is determined that the budgeting of marketing communications, taking into account the integrated application of unconventional marketing communications tools, pricing methods that focus on demand and competition, contributes to good training and clarification to social and economic agents, authorities, and the public. The feasibility of using innovative energy-saving technologies based on alternative energy sources is explained. It has been established that marketing energy-saving values of high-tech enterprises lie in the formation of marketing values for consumers, which creates competitive advantages in faster and more complete satisfaction of consumer needs. The concept of “marketing value” is developed, which reflects the impact of relational tools of cholistic marketing on communication support and logistical support for interaction with economic agents, stakeholders, consumers, which leads to the intensive formation of marketing values among noted interaction entities. Marketing communication motivational and behavioral components of high-tech enterprises are highlighted. The marketing activity of “BIZON-TEH 2006” enterprise was analyzed, which has many years of experience in the agricultural market of Ukraine, is included in the TOP-3 of the largest distribution of seeds and fertilizers.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS AN INTEGRAL INSTRUMENT OF STATE POLICY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOCIAL DIALOGUE IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIALISATION OF TRADE
Authors:   Lviv University of Trade and Economics, Maziarko Iryna
Published: December 2021

The article summarizes the manifestations of social responsibility of economic entities and employees in trade as a tool of state policy for the implementation of social dialogue in the context of socialization. Social dialogue in trade is a means of state policy of forming a favorable systemically and structurally balanced environment in the social and labor sphere of the industry, focused on improving the quality of working life, implementation of socio-economic development programs, providing preconditions for natural sustainable socio-economic development. interests of all subjects and participants of social dialogue. Obviously, social dialogue is a prerequisite for creating a new conceptual model of social and labor relations, based on the development, adoption and implementation of partnership socially-oriented management decisions. Also, social dialogue allows by achieving a balance of interests, opinions and positions to find mutually acceptable solutions for the parties. Social responsibility is defined as independent, proactive, systematic activity of business entities to form relationships with society, government, the public, partners in order to coordinate and / or meet the social, economic, financial, ethical interests of all groups of interested users on mutually beneficial terms to achieve both economic and social results. The necessity of socialization in trade, the influence of psychological factors and the satisfaction of employees’ needs on the formation of the institutional system of social responsibility are substantiated. The concept of social dialogue and social responsibility in trade are determined, and that the result of social dialogue of its subjects, which are the state, trade unions and employers, is a balanced achievement of goals of staff, management, the state in particular on social responsibility. The relationship between the concepts of social dialogue and social responsibility in trade is specified. It is proposed to strengthen the work motivation and social protection of employees through collective bargaining regulation of the use of such an institutional tool as the “social package”. An effective mechanism for the implementation of social dialogue in the form of collective bargaining has been developed.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL DISTRIBUTION OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF SECURITY CONDITIONS
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, GEVKO Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

In modern transformational conditions, the formation of Ukrainian statehood with the choice of the European course of urgency is gaining the issue of budget decentralization, where the key figures are the efficiency of local governments. In this regard, there is a problem of optimal redistribution of financial resources and powers of local authorities, which today are the main and most relevant for improving the efficiency of the budget system as a whole, because the effectiveness of socio-economic policy and its economic security directly depend on rational built and balanced system of economic relations, a clear redistribution of financial resources and flexibility of ways to use them. The article conducts a comprehensive study the mechanism of distribution financial resources the united territorial community in the context of security. The system of management balanced development the united territorial community on the basis of application of safety conditions is substantiated. It is proposed to consider the distribution of budget funds in the territorial community depending on the area, the number of rural residents and the actual income of village (settlement) for the relevant period. Two projects of algorithm calculation the budget with separation of main stages are formed.
STATE SUPPORT OF AGRICULTURE: PROBLEMS, WORLD PRACTICES AND PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, FURMAN IRINA
Published: December 2021

Ukraine’s adaptation to the modern market system of economic activity is determined by the need to implement a number of urgent reforms aimed at increasing the role of the state in the integrated development of the economic and priority agro-industrial sector. Radical reforms of state regulation of agricultural production are necessary to overcome the existing crisis phenomena and ensure further intensive development of the agro-industrial complex. In the practice of progressive highly developed countries, the agro-industrial complex of which was formed under the influence of state regulation, demonstrates that in market conditions the efficiency of agricultural production largely depends on the level of state incentives and state support. The article examines the main aspects of state support for agriculture in modern conditions, which are regulated by regulations. The economic significance of state support is determined, its current state and main directions for agricultural enterprises are studied. The results of the analysis of preconditions and measures that led to the change of directions and volumes of state support in the budget for 2020 are presented. Ways to develop state support for the country’s agricultural sector have been identified. Some world models of state support are analyzed and prospects for Ukraine are outlined. The obtained results are similar to domestic studies and defend the belief in the need for state support of the competitive environment, and not only certain forms of management and ensuring food security by means of regulatory policy coordinated to support the industry.
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF MEDICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi University of Management and Law named after Leonid Yuzkov, Vahanova Liudmyla
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations of medical tourism development in Ukraine and substantiation of the multiplier effect of medical tourism. To this end, the four main motives of medical tourism in the world are considered (lower cost of treatment and diagnosis in another country; more modern medical technologies abroad; highly qualified medical care and service; time factor (with a long wait for medical treatment in their country)) main directions of medical tourism (inbound medical tourism and outbound medical tourism). It is established that at this stage of development of our country there is no regulatory regulation of medical tourism. There are only certain non-governmental organizations whose activities are aimed at: 1) development of medical tourism and involvement in the field of medical tourism of doctors interested in its development: Medical Tourism Association (UAMT) (established in 2013); 2) search for a clinic for a potential patient and provide such clinics with proposals to attract the best price experience and conditions to solve a problem (Medical Tourism Exchange, established in 2015). The reasons for the rapid development of the medical tourism industry in Ukraine are presented, the structure of outbound tourism in Ukraine by service providers is studied. Trends in the development of inbound medical tourism are analyzed. The analysis of the state of outbound and inbound medical tourism helped to generalize and highlight the main trends in the medical tourism market in Ukraine and the prerequisites for further development of its own segment of medical tourism, as well as to identify existing limitations and issues. Identification of existing restrictions in the development of medical tourism contributes to the search for tools to eliminate them and identify important areas of regional economic development of Ukrainian cities, based on the manifestation of the multiplier effect of medical tourism, in particular: communication services and informat
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF CREDITING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS BY BANKING INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: LARIONOVA KATERINA , V. TANASIENKO  ,   Khmelnitskyi National University
Published: December 2021

Access to financial resources, especially through bank lending, is an important factor in the development of small and medium-sized businesses. SMEs need such lending due to lack of own funds, income instability, accelerated movement of working capital, locality of resources and narrow markets. Bank credit occupies a leading position in the formation of financial and investment mechanism for SME development. In the current crisis caused by the coronavirus, banks must ensure maximum access of small and medium-sized businesses to credit resources. With the stabilization of the financial situation and the reduction of interest rates to the level of profitability of SMEs, banks’ interest in their lending will be accompanied by increasing competition in this area of banking business development. The article analyzes the state of lending to small and medium-sized businesses by banking institutions of Ukraine in the context of the coronavirus pandemic Covid-19. It is established that during 2018-2020 there was a declining trend in the bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses due to the negative impact of the pandemic on the activities of small and medium enterprises. The rating of the best conditions for lending to small and medium enterprises by Ukrainian banks in 2021 is analyzed and bank lending programs are considered. It is noted that as a result of the introduction of quarantine in 2020 and other restrictive anti-epidemic measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus, the banking system has changed somewhat. The amount of government assistance to small and medium-sized businesses in a pandemic and the features of the state program of business support “Affordable loans 5-7-9%” are considered.
WAYS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT OF THE RESTAURANT ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Garasymliuk Mariia , Datsiv Olga ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to outlining ways to improve the personnel management system in the field of corporate development of restaurant enterprises, which includes the introduction of innovative technologies of restaurant service, employee training programs to grow professional competencies and personal psychological characteristics, career advancement for the best employees. It is determined that the basic principle of personnel management in restaurants is systemic, so the search for ways to improve management should include consideration of this process as a holistic system, taking into account the relationships between its elements. It is offered to pay special attention to management of processes of communication of the personnel with clients, development of adequate professional behavior in conflict situations. It is proposed to take into account the requirements for staff from the standpoint of consumers, which provide speed and high quality service and the appropriate level of communication, from the standpoint of owners – competencies and knowledge, personal qualities and consumer-oriented behavior, from the standpoint of staff – skills, abilities and motivation. Motivational programs are proposed to focus on the formation of employees’ desire to acquire new knowledge and acquire new skills. To increase the efficiency of personnel management, it is proposed to develop strategies for personnel development and differentiate by strategic and tactical goals. It is proposed to introduce a system of key performance indicators for control in terms of tactical and strategic plans for staff development and the establishment of intermediate control with control points of assessment. It is proposed to evaluate the performance of each category of employees within their functional responsibilities, as well as indicators of staff development of the enterprise as a whole. It is proposed to include qualification, personal, competence and value characteristics, efficiency of activity, reserves of growth of production and social efficiency in the assessment of the efficiency of personnel management of restaurant enterprises. Further research should focus on the study of customer management of restaurant staff.
ASSESSMENT OF ELEMENTS OF TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE IN COMPARISON WITH SOME EU COUNTRIES
Authors:   V.Chornovil Institute for Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, KOSHOVA Bohdana
Published: December 2021

The article considers the competitiveness of the elements of the tourist infrastructure of Ukraine in comparison with some countries of the European Union, which are the leaders in tourist revenues and flows in the analyzed region. An analysis of the dynamics of tourism development in neighbouring Poland, which in the 90’s was in similar to the domestic starting conditions. The study made it possible to clearly reflect the reasons for the low demand for the national tourism product. After all, the lag in the quality of hotel and restaurant services is not the main reason for low interest in the domestic tourism market. Morally and physically outdated material and technical base of social, informational, financial, transport and other types of infrastructure makes Ukraine less attractive in the eyes of domestic tourists. And the low level of knowledge of foreign languages, non-compliance with legal norms and rules at the national level makes grazing the country in general unattractive for the demanding foreign tourist. The modern tourist, being able to choose the directions and quality of rest in today’s conditions, will not want to travel to a region with many unknowns, where they will not guarantee him peace, comfort and safety. That is why it is so important to analyze the level of development of some elements of tourism infrastructure in developed EU countries (Germany and the Netherlands) to indicate the consequences of its radical restructuring to ensure economic growth at the national level, where neighbouring Poland was chosen. With its rich natural and recreational resources, Ukraine can rightfully become a world leader in green, rural, health, active, cognitive tourism, and the diversity of landscapes combined with the temperate climate makes its landscapes especially attractive to tourists from highly urbanized areas. more and more.
Tendencias demográficas del departamento de Risaralda
Authors: Navarrete Velázquez José Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Este capítulo analiza la evolución de la variable demográfica en el departamento de Risaralda hasta el año 2019, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como participación por género, edad, migración e inmigración, natalidad, mortalidad y esperanza de vida de la población. Esta investigación se sustenta en la revisión de fuentes secundarias; especialmente, el censo de población y vivienda para Colombia del año 2018. El informe muestra un decrecimiento en la tasa poblacional y un cambio en la pirámide poblacional, concentrándose en personas con edades entre 15 a 40 años; también evidencia una disminución en el número de nacimientos, lo cual muestra un bono demográfico en cuanto a población en edades activas para laborar. Este análisis aporta a la discusión sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo económico del departamento, la consolidación de políticas públicas y la construcción de planes de desarrollo, especialmente al nuevo Plan de Desarrollo de la Universidad Católica de Pereira.
Tendencias socioeconómicas regionales para Risaralda
Authors: López Castaño Samuel , Gaviria Ríos Mario Alberto , Gil Ospina Armando
Published: December 2021

El estudio de las tendencias socioeconómicas intenta responder a la pregunta por el estado futuro de la economía y el acceso a la disponibilidad de bienes y servicios, lo cual dará una idea de cómo serán las condiciones de vida en un escenario futuro. La economía tiene centralidad en la vida contemporánea, ya que en gran medida determina otros indicadores sobre las relaciones entre las personas, los países y las regiones.Este capítulo tiene como objetivo describir las principales tendencias socioeconómicas para Risaralda en el corto y mediano plazo. Es una investigación descriptiva mediante el análisis de fuentes secundarias comparadas, con el fin de proyectar las tendencias de las principales variables económicas, como el crecimiento del PIB, la composición de las actividades económicas regionales, las exportaciones e importaciones nacionales y su influencia en la economía departamental, la actividad empresarial regional, la inversión extranjera, la evolución del mercado de trabajo y el ingreso percápita. Se utilizaron diferentes fuentes, con la información disponible al primer semestre de 2019.
Factores determinantes de los sistemas urbanos asociados al equilibrio y al crecimiento físico territorial departamental, desde un escenario tendencial
Authors: Castaño Duque Santiago
Published: December 2021

El capítulo presenta el estado actual del departamento de Risaralda desde las particularidades de los sistemas urbanos asociados al crecimiento y la transformación territorial, a partir de un enfoque tendencial. El análisis es descriptivo, analítico, crítico y soportado sobre los estudios de tendencias de la UCP desde las categorías de hábitat y ambiente. Lo anterior permite definir unos criterios y unas acciones para lograr el “equilibrio territorial” como uno de los pilares fundamentales del ordenamiento departamental. Con ello, se dirigen esfuerzos para conseguir un desarrollo integral sostenible que promueva la armonización de los sistemas urbanos y el ordenamiento con inclusión y control del crecimiento. De la misma forma, se proponen herramientas de prospectiva, que permitan construir a futuro un hábitat con respeto entre los sistemas artificiales creados por el hombre y las condiciones naturales del territorio. Además, se busca garantizar la construcción de entornos amables y conscientes de la conservación de la biodiversidad, la vida en condiciones de seguridad, salubridad y bienestar en todas sus dimensiones. Por último, se busca proponer escenarios de intercambio institucional para la gestión urbana ambiental, que consigan mejorar las condiciones actuales de los ecosistemas, mitigar los efectos de las acciones del hombre y revertir los escenarios tendenciales no deseados.
Estudio de tendencias del desarrollo regional: Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en Risaralda
Authors: Nieto Taborda María Luisa
Published: December 2021

El estudio revisa las condiciones en términos de políticas, capacidades, resultados y nuevas tecnologías que marcan la ruta de desarrollo de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación (CTeI), desde una perspectiva global, para la construcción de un escenario con tendencias regionales, fundamentado en la gestión del conocimiento. El marco de política a nivel mundial, nacional y regional presenta un enfoque de desarrollo sostenible en que la CTeI es soporte para la solución de problemas ambientales, sociales y económicos. Las capacidades científicas y tecnológicas a nivel regional se encuentran en desarrollo con importantes apuestas hacia la formación de talento humano, la publicación científica de alto impacto y la gestión de la innovación, especialmente empresarial; dando como resultado un comportamiento creciente de los indicadores de CTeI con importantes retos de cara a su consolidación, entre ellos la articulación efectiva con el sector empresarial y social, la disminución de brechas digitales, así como el fortalecimiento de la infraestructura y la especialización para el uso de nuevas tecnologías que son clave en el desarrollo de CTeI de alto nivel como la inteligencia artificial, la computación cuántica, las realidades extendidas y el registro distribuido. Este escenario marca una tendencia favorable para la construcción de bases científicas y tecnológicas a nivel regional, que orienten el desarrollo de estructuras sociales y económicas basadas en el conocimiento.
Tendencia regional de la educación básica y media: una aproximación desde los Planes de Desarrollo a las políticas que determinan los marcos de acción en Risaralda
Authors: Muñoz Montaño Jorge Luis
Published: December 2021

Uno de los aspectos relevantes a tener en cuenta al momento de aproximarse a la comprensión de las dinámicas de política educativa en un contexto regional radica en entender cómo esas políticas se interrelacionan, implementan y ejecutan en concordancia con las directrices de política nacional y mundial que las generan y agendan. En tal sentido, la investigación realizada sobre tendencias de la educación básica y media en Risaralda y este documento como primer resultado, tienen como propósito principal establecer esa aproximación comprensiva desde la analítica documental interpretativa y proyectante respecto de cómo las políticas educativas establecidas y ejecutadas desde los marcos de acción de los Planes de Desarrollo de los entes certificados en el Departamento de Risaralda (Colombia), durante la administración (2016-2019), responden a esos lineamientos de política internacional y nacional. El trabajo de recuperación documental se ha desarrollado con el apoyo de algunos estudiantes de la Maestría en Pedagogía y Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad Católica de Pereira y la analítica se ha realizado a través de triangulación entre los lineamientos internacionales, la política educativa nacional direccionada en el Plan Nacional Decenal de Educación (2016–2026), y los Planes de Desarrollo de los entes certificados locales. El estudio ofrece como conclusiones fundamentales que no es adecuado ni aconsejable considerar escenarios tendenciales deseables desde la homogeneidad, dado que cada ente territorial posee sus propias necesidades que hacen indispensable comprenderlas en un horizonte de diversidad; en segundo lugar, que los Planes de Desarrollo están contestando de manera principal a los lineamientos emitidos por el gobierno nacional, el cual, a su vez, define marcos de acción para responder a las directrices establecidas por organismos multilaterales como la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) especialmente. Desde los indicadores que estos mismos organismos trazan, se evidencia un progreso importante en la mayoría de los entes certificados; sin embargo, los estudios de investigación tendencial son bastante predecibles y, como se ha planteado, poco cercanos de manera real y efectiva a un escenario deseable desde las propuestas de los contextos, en cuanto si bien los Planes de Desarrollo se corresponden inicialmente con un ejercicio de construcción participativa comunitaria, en el transcurso de su ejecución se diluyen en el cumplimiento direccionado de directrices nacionales e internacionales.
Tendencias de la Educación Superior en el Año 2019
Authors: Montoya Ferrer Jaime
Published: December 2021

Al partir de una noción de educación como el factor fundamental en el proceso de movilidad y desarrollo humano en la sociedad, se estudian los cambios y las tendencias de la educación superior tanto a nivel global como en América latina, Colombia y sus manifestaciones en el departamento de Risaralda. Las tendencias en los indicadores de cobertura y calidad reflejan avances significativos en el siglo XXI, cambios importantes que deben ser contrastados con nuevas orientaciones e incluso sistemas de valoración, más orientadas a establecer el impacto su efecto en la formación orientada al desarrollo humano, superando el enfoque centrado en la formación de capital humano.
Tendencias de la cultura religiosa: una voz importante que aporta al tejido social en Pereira y Risaralda
Authors: Alfonso Fernández María Ceneida
Published: December 2021

Es indiscutible que la cultura de lo mediático, las reflexiones en torno al mundo material y el afán por el tener han permeado de múltiples maneras las percepciones del hombre sobre sus creencias, ritos y formas de comprender lo sagrado. Incluso, cada vez más, se registra el interés de algunos pueblos por mantener vivo el espíritu religioso como elemento propio de la cultura y, paradójicamente, se evidencia también el fenómeno de la indiferencia religiosa y la desinstitucionalización.Para desarrollar este estudio sobre la tendencia de la cultura religiosa se acudió a entrevistas semiestructuradas a diferentes líderes religiosos, sacerdotes y entes gubernamentales del municipio de Pereira. Se pretende identificar cómo el hombre hoy tiene diferentes formas de acercarse a lo trascendente, y cómo en Colombia la libertad religiosa y de cultos tiene una mayor fuerza, en razón del Decreto 437 otorgado por el Ministerio del Interior en el 2018, luego de hacer énfasis en la Constitución Política colombiana acerca de la libertad religiosa, dado que con el articulo 19 en la ley estatutaria 133 de 1994 se consolida el estado social de derecho, el cual garantiza una de las dimensiones de la persona y las comunidades en tanto que pueden profesar libremente su expresión religiosa.
ASSOCIATION OF HYPOTHYROIDISM WITH MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS AMONG PATIENTS OF TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Meena Krishan Kumar , Sharma Praveen , Srivastava Swati , Meena Uma Kumari
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common metabolic disorder leading to various complications including micro-vascular complication. Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction can result in abnormalities of one another, as both are strongly implicated in cellular metabolism.  Aim of study was to establish any association between hypothyroidism and micro-vascular complications in patients of type 2 DM.

Material and Methods: This Hospital based Cross sectional analytical Study was included 80 Euthyroid and 80 hypothyroid patients of type 2 DM. These patients were subjected to fundus examination (for retinopathy), urine for spot albumin and creatinine ratio and routine microscopy (for nephropathy), clinical examination and NCV (for neuropathy).

Results: Age of patients ranged from 30 – 80 years. Most patients had duration of Diabetes > 5 years. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 15% Euthyroid and 37.5% Hypothyroid diabetics (p=0.002). Neuropathy was more in Hypothyroid (35%) as compared to Euthyroid (12.5%) patients (p=0.003). Prevalence of Nephropathy was also significantly more (p=0.011) in Hypothyroids (60%) as compared to Euthyroid (38.75%).

Conclusion: Significant association was found between hypothyroidism and micro vascular complications in type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Screening of diabetics for thyroid functions is essential to reduce morbidity.

Keywords: Diabetes, thyroid, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
Differential Effects of the Lateral Hypothalamus Lesion as an Origin of Orexin and Blockade of Orexin-1 Receptor in the Orbitofrontal Cortex and Anterior Cingulate Cortex on Their Neuronal Activity
Authors:   Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology research center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Karimi Sara , Zibaii Mohammad I ,   Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Hamidi Gholam Ali ,   Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology research center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Haghparast Abbas ,   Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated that orexins may regulate different forms of affective and cognitive processes during wakefulness. The Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) and Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), as an essential part of the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC), have a crucial role in cognitive processes such as reward and decision-making. They also have a high amount of orexin receptor type 1 (OX1Rs). Methods: In the present study, we inhibited OX1Rs in this area after a 10-min baseline recording to find out the role of OX1Rs in the OFC neuron’s firing rate. Next, we inhibited the lateral hypothalamus (LH) as the primary source of orexinergic neurons. Afterward, using a single-unit recording technique in rats, we detected the effects of the lateral hypothalamus on the firing rate and activity pattern of the ACC or OFC neurons. Results: Data showed that the blockade of OX1Rs in the OFC could excite 8 and inhibit 1 neuron(s) out of 11. In addition, the blockade of OX1Rs in the ACC could excite 6 and inhibit 3 neurons out of 10. LH inactivation excited 5 out of 12 neurons and inhibited 6 in the ACC. It also excited 8 and inhibited 6 neurons out of 14 in the OFC. These data suggest that the blockade of OX1Rs excites 72% of the neurons, but LH inactivation had a stimulating effect on only 50% of neurons in two main subregions of the PFC. Conclusion: Accordingly, PFC neurons may receive the orexinergic inputs from the LH and indirectly from other sources.
Effect of Short-time Exposure of Local Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields on Sleepiness in Male Rats
Authors:   Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Azizi Elnaz , Ayoobi Fatemeh ,   Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Shamsizadeh Ali ,   Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Moghadam-Ahmadi Amir ,   Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran., Shafiei Seyed Ali ,   Neuroscience Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran., Khoshdel Alireza ,   Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Mirzaei Mohammad Reza ,   Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lack of high-quality sleep causes severe side effects like anxiety and changes in plasma concentration of oxalate. The current study investigated the impact of local extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on inducing sleep (sleepiness) and anxiety in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were divided into four groups (n=10 for each group). The ELF-MF exposure (0, 10, and 18 Hz) was applied with an intensity of 200µT for three days (10 min/d). The sham-treated animal did not receive ELF-MF. Serum levels of oxalic acid (OA) and sleepiness were measured before and after the last exposure to ELF-MF or sham. Anxiety, sleepiness, and OA were measured using the elevated plus maze, open-field test (OFT), and ELISA test. Results: A comparison of oxalate levels before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed that ELF-MF (10 Hz) decreased the serum level of oxalate (P<0.05). Comparing open/closed arm entry (in an elevated plus maze) between before and after exposure to ELF-MF revealed significant differences. Also, frequency, velocity, and distance moved were decreased in the open-field test. Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that ELF-MF with short-time exposure may modulate the metabolism of OA and may modulate anxiety-like behavior or kind of induction of sleepiness in male rats.
The Therapeutic Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients With Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors:   Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Noorazar Seyed Gholamreza , Emamizad Somayyeh ,   Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Fakhari-Dehkharghani Ali ,   Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Pouya Parnia ,   Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for some psychiatric disorders. It is postulated that ECT should primarily be considered for patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the context of major depression. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ECT in OCD patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 12 adult patients with severe OCD (Yale-Brown test score above 25) and no comorbid psychiatric disorders referred to a tertiary care hospital for psychiatric disorders. Treatment was administered three times a week for up to three to four weeks (a minimum of 8 sessions and a maximum of 12 sessions). We completed the Yale-Brown test for all patients before ECT, on the day after applying ECT, and two months after the final ECT session to evaluate the effect of therapy. Results: Yale-Brown patients’ Mean±SD significantly decreased after the ECT sessions from 28.08±2.50 to 17.17±3.78 (P=0.043). After treatment, the severity of OCD decreased in all patients and turned to mild and moderate levels in 4 patients (33.3%) and 8 (66.7%), respectively. After two months, the Mean±SD Yale-Brown score slightly increased to 18.08±1.62 (P=0.125), and the severity of OCD in all 12 patients (100%) became moderate. Nevertheless, in none of them, the Yale-Brown score increased and returned to the baseline value in this period. None of the patients developed significant side effects during or after ECT sessions. Conclusion: ECT was a safe and effective therapeutic strategy for patients with treatment-resistant OCD with no comorbid psychiatric disorders. However, further randomized controlled trials are required to validate the efficacy of ECT for OCD treatment before implementing it in the routine clinical practice.
Exploring Emotion Recognition Patterns Among Iranian People Using CANTAB as an Approved Neuro-Psychological Assessment
Authors:   Institute for Cognitive Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Lohrasbi Soroush , Moradi Ali Reza ,   Institute for Cognitive Sciences Studies, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran., Sadeghi Meysam ,   Institute for Cognitive Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Emotion recognition is the main component of social cognition and has various patterns in different cultures and nationalities. The present study aimed to investigate emotion recognition patterns among Iranians using the Cambridge neuro-psychological test automated battery (CANTAB) as a valid neuropsychological test. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 117 males and females (Mean±SD of age 32.1±6.4) were initially assessed by computerized intelligence and progressive matrices of RAVEN-2. Furthermore, the excitement recognition subtest taken from the Cambridge neuro-psychological test automated battery (CANTAB) was performed. The correct response of participants to each of the six basic emotions as well as the recognition time was used for analysis. Results: The maximum correct response rate was 75.83% related to happy emotion. The correct responses for sadness, surprise, disgust, anger, and fear were 70%, 68.48%, 47.84%, 42.54%, and 38.26%, respectively. Moreover, the shortest recognition time was related to disgust at 322 ms, while sadness with a mean response time of 1800 ms and fear response time at 1529 ms indicated the longest recognition time. In addition, participants recognized happiness with a mean response time of 1264 ms better than other emotions; however, post-hoc t-test analyses showed that only the correct responses for sadness and surprised emotions did not differ significantly, (t(112)=-0.59, P=0.55, d=0.05). These results suggested that different emotions have various correct responses. However, sadness and surprise did not differ. Conclusion: The findings of this study could be beneficial for evaluating cognitive elements, as well as cognitive abilities and inabilities among the Iranian population. Moreover, the findings could be used for investigating social cognition in this population.
Therapeutic Targets of Probiotics in Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Atak Elif Sina ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey., Yıldız Dilara , Kocatürk Rümeysa Rabia , Temizyürek Arzu , Özcan Öznur Özge , Ergüzel Türker Tekin , Karahan Mesut , Tarhan Nevzat ,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Health Sciences Institute, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,   Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Üskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Parkinson disease is the world’s second most prevalent neurological disease. In this disease, intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions are observed in enteric neurons in the gastrointestinal tract, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome is altered. These changes correlate with the motor phenotype. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of using probiotics in Parkinson disease. Methods: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Ovıd-LWW were searched until April 2021. A total of 27395 records were found according to inclusion and exclusion criteria with the following outcomes: Parkinson disease rating, oxidative stress, and gastrointestinal system markers. Data search, article selection, and data extraction assessments were performed according to the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines. The Jadad scale was used to rate the evidence’s quality. Results: Our study information was gathered from 5 randomized controlled trials involving 350 individuals with Parkinson disease receiving probiotic supplements. Parkinson disease rating and non-motor symptoms test were performed in the samples. Also, oxidative stress (glutathione, malondialdehyde) and gastrointestinal system symptoms (bowel opening frequency, gut transit time, complete bowel movement, spontaneous bowel movements) were evaluated during 4-12 weeks of using probiotics in these patients. Conclusion: While all high-quality studies demonstrate improvement in disease symptoms of the patients, currently sufficient data are not available to recommend the use of probiotics for people with Parkinson disease in clinical practice.
Ferulago angulata Methanolic Extract Protects PC12 Cells Against Beta-amyloid-induced Toxicity
Authors:   Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Hashemi Leila , Soodi Maliheh ,   Institute for Natural Products and Medicinal Plants, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran., Hajimehdipoor Homa ,   Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Dashti Abolfazl ,   Department of Forensic Toxicology, Legal Medicine Research Center, Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease. Beta-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity has a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis; therefore, the modulation of Aβ toxicity is the promising therapeutic approach to control the disease progression. Medicinal plants because of their multiple active ingredients are effective in complex diseases, such as AD. Therefore, several studies have studied medicinal plants to find an effective treatment for AD. Ferulago angulata is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. The present study was done to assess the protective effect of the methanolic extract of Ferulago angulate on Aβ-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Methods: The methanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant was prepared by the maceration method. PC12 cells were cultured according to a standard protocol. PC12 cells were incubated for 24 hours with Aβ alone, and Aβ in combination with various concentrations of the F. angulata extract. Cell viability was determined by the methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and caspase-3 enzymes were measured. Results:The extract dose-dependently protected PC12 cells against Aβ-induced cell death. Also, Aβ increased ROS production, AChE, and caspase-3 activity, and decreased the GPx activity, which all were ameliorated by F. angulata extract. Conclusion: F. angulata extract protects against Aβ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These effects may be due to the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity of the extract. It is recommended to assess F. angulata extract as an anti-AD agent.
РОЗВИТОК ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ СПЕЦІАЛЬНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН ЗАКЛАДІВ ПРОФЕ-СІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ АГРАРНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ: ПІДСУМКИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТУ
Authors: Яблуновська Катерина
Published: December 2021

Актуальність зумовлена браком експериментально перевірених методик розвитку екологічної компетентності майбутніх викладачів спеціальних дисциплін закладів професійної освіти аграрної галузі.
Мета: експериментальна перевірка розробленої авторської методики розвитку екологічної компетентності майбутніх викладачів спеціальних дисциплін закладів професійної освіти аграрної галузі.
Методи: теоретичні (аналіз і синтез, порівняння й зіставлення – для з’ясування сутності поняття «екологічна компетентність майбутніх викладачів аграрного профілю»; визначення його структури, критеріїв, показників і рівнів розвитку); емпіричні (анкетування, спостереження за учасниками педагогічного процесу, педагогічний експеримент, математичної статистики – для з’ясування стану й результатів розвитку екологічної компетентності майбутніх викладачів закладів професійної освіти).
Результати: розроблено методику розвитку екологічної компетентності майбутніх викладачів спеціальних дисциплін закладів професійної освіти аграрної галузі, що забезпечує: безперервний процес удосконалення комплексу знань, умінь і навичок; розвиток професійно важливих якостей еколого-безпечної діяльності як у професійній діяльності, так і в повсякденному житті; покращення екологічної грамотності майбутніх викладачів спеціальних дисциплін закладів професійної освіти аграрної галузі.
Висновки: результати формувального етапу експерименту свідчать про позитивну динаміку у рівнях сформованості екологічної компетентності майбутніх викладачів спеціальних дисциплін закладів професійної освіти аграрної галузі, що підтверджує ефективність впровадженої авторської методики; експериментально доведено, що відмінності контрольних та експериментальних груп є статистично значущими за всіма критеріями: за мотиваційним (на достатньому рівні зростання становить 0,18%, на високому – 15,75%), за когнітивним (відповідно – 0,14% та 6,21%), за діяльнісним (1,2%, та 13,21%), за суб’єктним (0,6%% та 11,78%).
AGGREGATE AND DISAGGREGATE MEASURES OF OPERATING AND NON-OPERATING WORKING CAPITAL INFLUENCE ON FIRM PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA
Authors: Bashir Rabia , Regupathi Angappan
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at investigating the following issues: firstly, whether the different types of working capital, namely operating and non-operating working capital influence the short-term (return on assets) and long-term (Tobin’s Q) firm performance differently, and secondly whether the different measures of operating working capital, namely disaggregated and aggregated (cash conversion cycle) operating working capital, influence the short-term (return on assets) and long-term (Tobin’s Q) firm performance differently. It uses the panel data of 208 listed non-financial firms in Malaysia covering the period from 2013 to 2017, and the data has been sourced from Datastream. It employs the panel corrected standard errors regression model. The study has found that quicker sale of inventory increased both the short-term and long-term performance of the firm. Likewise, faster collection of receivables increased the long-term, but not short- term, performance. However, prompter payment of payables increased both the short-term and long-term performance. The study has also found that the disaggregated working capital measures – inventory, receivables, and payables contributed to a more nuanced influence of working capital on performance, compared to the aggregated working capital. The study has provided novel evidence that– higher non- operating working capital increased firm performance.