bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification of vertebral artery loop formation and association with cervicogenic dizziness
Authors: Yenigun A , Ustun M E , Tugrul S , Dogan R , Ozturan O
Published: October 2016

Objective:

An examination was conducted of the number, level, clinical association and treatment approaches for vertebral arterial loop formation in patients with this condition with and without concurrent cervicogenic dizziness, and classified them according to the vertebral artery segment in which it was present.

Method:

A cross-sectional retrospective study.

Results:

Thirty-seven patients who had undergone double-sided magnetic resonance angiography were examined; vertebral arterial loop formation was observed at only 1 level in 26 patients and at several levels in 9 patients. Segment one (V1) was involved in 78.3 per cent of cases and segment two (V2) was involved in 21.6 per cent. Symptoms in patients with vertebral arterial loop formation included: positional vertigo, in 100 per cent; and pulsatile tinnitus, in 83.7 per cent.

Conclusion:

Loop formation at the vertebral artery was observed most often on the proximal side in patients with cervicogenic dizziness (78.3 per cent). The incidence on the left side was twice as high as on the right side.
Anticholinergic medication use is associated with globus pharyngeus
Authors: Haft S , Carey R M , Farquhar D , Mirza N
Published: October 2016

Background:

Globus pharyngeus has been linked to salivary hypofunction. We hypothesise that a considerable portion of the globus experienced by patients is due to a drying effect secondary to anticholinergic medication use; this study aimed to determine their association.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted of 270 patients who presented to a laryngology practice over 6 months. Participants rated globus sensation on a 5-point severity scale, with those scoring 0 considered as controls (non-globus). Participants were excluded if they had a likely cause of globus. Scores were compared with participants’ medication lists, co-morbidities, age and gender, and evaluated using multivariate analysis, with significance set atp< 0.05.

Results:

Any participant taking at least 2 anticholinergic medications had a 3.52 increased odds (p= 0.02) of experiencing globus. A previous diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease was also significantly associated with globus (p= 0.004), with an odds ratio of 3.75.

Conclusion:

A substantial portion of idiopathic globus may be due to anticholinergic use or reflux. The findings implicate medication use as a risk factor for globus. An awareness of these associations is invaluable for identifying cause and treating globus.
Epidemiology of depression with psychotic experiences and its association with chronic physical conditions in 47 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Koyanagi A. , Oh H. , Stubbs B. , Haro J. M. , DeVylder J. E.
Published: October 2016

Background

The co-existence of depression and psychotic experiences (PEs) is associated with more pronounced adverse health outcomes compared to depression alone. However, data on its prevalence and correlates are lacking in the general adult population, and there is no published data on its association with chronic physical conditions.

Method

Cross-sectional, community-based data from 201 337 adults aged ⩾18 years from 47 low- and middle-income countries from the World Health Survey were analyzed. The presence of past 12-month PE and DSM-IV depression was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Information on six chronic medical conditions (chronic back pain, edentulism, arthritis, angina, asthma, diabetes) were obtained by self-report. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

The crude overall prevalence of co-morbid depression/PEs was 2.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–2.7%], with the age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ranging from 0.1% (Sri Lanka, Vietnam) to 9.03% (Brazil). Younger age, urban setting, current smoking, alcohol consumption, and anxiety were significant correlates of co-existing depression/PEs. Co-occurring depression/PEs was associated with significantly higher odds for arthritis, angina, and diabetes beyond that of depression alone after adjusting for sociodemographics, anxiety, and country, with odds ratios (depression/PEs v. depression only) being: arthritis 1.30 (95% CI 1.07–1.59, p = 0.0086); angina 1.40 (95% CI 1.18–1.67, p = 0.0002); diabetes 1.65 (95% CI 1.21–2.26, p = 0.0017).

Conclusions

The prevalence of co-existing depression/PEs was non-negligible in most countries. Our study suggests that when depression/PE or a chronic condition (e.g. arthritis, angina, diabetes) is detected, screening for the other may be important to improve clinical outcomes.
Genome-wide genic SSR marker development for the endangered Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)
Authors: Xie Jiankun , Zhang Meng , Sun Jia , Zhang Fantao
Published: October 2016

Dongxiang wild rice (Oryza rufipogon, DXWR), one of the species of common wild rice, is regarded as an important genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). Molecular markers are reliable tools that can greatly accelerate the breeding process and have been widely used in various species. In the present study, a total of 3681 genic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for DXWR based on transcriptome sequencing technology. Additionally, 25 primer pairs were randomly selected and synthesized for the verification. Among them, 18 (72%) primer pairs were successfully amplified in PCR amplification with genomic DNA of DXWR and also had abundant polymorphisms between DXWR and cultivated rice. These novel genic SSR markers will enrich current genomic resources for DXWR, and provide an effective tool for genetic study and molecular marker assisted breeding for this valuable and endangered germplasm.
K2-19, The first K2 muti-planetary system showing TTVs
Authors: Barros S. C. C. , Almenara J. M. , Demangeon O. , Tsantaki M. , Santerne A. , Armstrong D. J. , Barrado D. , Brown D. , Deleuil M. , Lillo-Box J. , Osborn H. , Pollacco D. , Abe L. , Andre P. , Bendjoya P. , Boisse I. , Bonomo A. S. , Bouchy F. , Bruno G. , Cerda J. Rey , Courcol B. , Díaz R. F. , Hébrard G. , Kirk J. , Lachurié J. C. , Lam K. W. F. , Martinez P. , McCormac J. , Moutou C. , Rajpurohit A. , Rivet J.-P. , Spake J. , Suarez O. , Toublanc D. , Walker S. R.
Published: October 2016

In traditional transit timing variations (TTVs) analysis of multi-planetary systems, the individual TTVs are first derived from transit fitting and later modelled using n-body dynamic simulations to constrain planetary masses. We show that fitting simultaneously the transit light curves with the system dynamics (photo-dynamical model) increases the precision of the TTV measurements and helps constrain the system architecture. We exemplify the advantages of applying this photo-dynamical model to a multi-planetary system found in K2 data very close to 3:2 mean motion resonance, K2-19. In this case the period of the larger TTV variations (libration period) is much longer (>1.5 years) than the duration of the K2 observations (80 days). However, our method allows to detect the short period TTVs produced by the orbital conjunctions between the planets that in turn permits to uniquely characterise the system. Therefore, our method can be used to constrain the masses of near-resonant systems even when the full libration curve is not observed.
Serial nominations for the AWH initiative: The paradigm of seven-stone antas and beyond
Authors: Belmonte Juan Antonio , García César González , Hoskin Michael
Published: October 2016

In this short report we examine the ideal status of the seven-stone antas (a type of very ancient megalithic monument in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) as an excellent candidate for a serial nomination within the Astronomy and World Heritage Initiative. This case will be compared with an extraordinary set of dolmens at the other side of the Mediterranean, within the Transjordan Plateau, worthy of being protected under the umbrella of the same initiative but which are in serious danger of ‘extinction’.
Site Protection Efforts at the AURA Observatory in Chile
Authors: Smith R. Chris , Sanhueza Pedro , Smith Malcolm G.
Published: October 2016

The AURA Observatory site in northern Chile, which includes Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachon, has been operational for over 50 years now, facing a variety of challenges to its long-term future. The site now hosts over 20 operational telescopes, ranging from small projects with 0.4m telescopes to the Blanco 4m, the SOAR 4.1m, and the 8m Gemini-South telescopes. In addition, we have recently begun the construction of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) on the summit of Cerro Pachon. We summarize our efforts over the past 20-30 years to highlight the importance of site protection through education and public outreach as well as through more recent promotion of IDA certifications in the region and support for the World Heritage initiatives described by others in this conference.
“Route of astronomical observatories” project: Classical observatories from the Renaissance to the rise of astrophysics
Authors: Wolfschmidt Gudrun
Published: October 2016

Observatories offer a good possibility for serial transnational applications. For example one can choose groups like baroque or neoclassical observatories, solar physics observatories or a group of observatories equipped with the same kind of instruments or made by famous firms. I will discuss what has been achieved and show examples, like the route of astronomical observatories, the transition from classical astronomy to modern astrophysics. I will also discuss why the implementation of theWorld Heritage & Astronomyinitiative is difficult and why there are problems to nominate observatories for election in the national tentative lists.
BAO Plate Archive digitization, creation of electronic database and its scientific usage
Authors: Mickaelian A. M. , Abrahamyan H. V. , Andreasyan H. R. , Azatyan N. M. , Farmanyan S. V. , Gigoyan K. S. , Gyulzadyan M. V. , Khachatryan K. G. , Knyazyan A. V. , Kostandyan G. R. , Mikayelyan G. A. , Nikoghosyan E. H. , Paronyan G. M. , Vardanyan A. V.
Published: October 2016

Astronomical plate archives created on the basis of numerous observations at many observatories are important part of the astronomical heritage. Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory (BAO) plate archive consists of 37,000 photographic plates and films, obtained at 2.6m telescope, 1m and 0.5m Schmidt telescopes and other smaller ones during 1947--1991. In 2002-2005, the famous Markarian Survey (First Byurakan Survey, FBS) 2000 plates were digitized and the Digitized FBS (DFBS) was created. New science projects have been conducted based on these low-dispersion spectroscopic material. In 2015, we have started a project on the whole BAO Plate Archive digitization, creation of electronic database and its scientific usage. The project will run during 3 years in 2015--2017 and the final result will be an electronic database and online interactive sky map to be used for further research projects.
Gufa, a Unique Cultural Ritual—a Tale of a Forbidden Sun and a Girl
Authors: Shrestha Pritisha
Published: October 2016

Gufa, one of the traditional rituals, has been performed in Nepal since time immemorial by indigenous Newar people. In Gufa, a young girl who just had her first period is hidden in a sunless room for twelve consecutive days. This paper expounds the importance of ritual and its nexus with astronomy especially while interpreting how the daily motions of celestial objects have influenced the establishment and devolvement of a deep-rooted custom of Gufa.
Improving Accuracy of Quasars' Photometric Redshift Estimation by Integration of KNN and SVM
Authors: Han Bo , Ding Hongpeng , Zhang Yanxia , Zhao Yongheng
Published: October 2016

Catastrophic failure is an unsolved problem existing in the most photometric redshift estimation approaches for a long history. In this study, we propose a novel approach by integration of k-nearest-neighbor (KNN) and support vector machine (SVM) methods together. Experiments based on the quasar sample from SDSS show that the fusion approach can significantly mitigate catastrophic failure and improve the accuracy of photometric redshift estimation.
Astrometric exoplanet surveys in practice
Authors: Sahlmann Johannes
Published: October 2016

Conversely to the transit photometry and radial velocity methods, the astrometric discovery of exoplanets is still limited by the sensitivity of available instruments. Ground-based surveys are now sensitive to giant planets in orbit around nearby low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. In 2014, ESA's Gaia mission began its survey, which is expected to discover thousands of giant exoplanets by detecting the astrometric orbital motions of the host stars.
FM12: A Focus Meeting on Bridging Laboratory Astrophysics and Astronomy
Authors: Salama Farid , Mashonkina Lyudmila , Federman Steve
Published: October 2016

Laboratory astrophysics is the Rosetta stone that enables astronomers to understand and interpret the cosmos. The IAU Commission 14, the predecessor of the new IAU Laboratory Astrophysics Commission C. B5 and the AAS Laboratory Astrophysics Division (LAD) decided to coordinate their efforts this summer to hold a joint meeting at the IAU General Assembly.
Atomic processes in optically thin plasmas
Authors: Kaastra Jelle S. , Gu Liyi , Mao Junjie , Mehdipour Missagh , Raassen Ton , Urdampilleta Igone
Published: October 2016

The Universe contains a broad range of plasmas with quite different properties depending on distinct physical processes. In this contribution we give an overview of recent developments in modeling such plasmas with a focus on X-ray emission and absorption. Despite the fact that such plasmas have been investigated already for decades, and that overall there is a good understanding of the basic processes, there are still areas, where improvements have to be made that are important for the analysis of astrophysical plasmas. We present recent work on the update of atomic parameters in the codes that describe the emission from collisional plasmas, where older approximations are being replaced now by more accurate data. Further we discuss the development of models for photo-ionised plasmas in the context of outflows around supermassive black holes and models for charge transfer that are needed for analyzing the data from the upcoming ASTRO-H satellite.
Quantitative spectroscopy of hot stars: accurate atomic data applied on a large scale as driver of recent breakthroughs
Authors: Przybilla N. , Schaffenroth V. , Nieva M. F. , Butler K.
Published: October 2016

OB-type stars present hotbeds for non-LTE physics because of their strong radiation fields that drive the atmospheric plasma out of local thermodynamic equilibrium. We report on recent breakthroughs in the quantitative analysis of the optical and UV-spectra of OB-type stars that were facilitated by application of accurate and precise atomic data on a large scale. An astrophysicist's dream has come true, by bringing observed and model spectra into close match over wide parts of the observed wavelength ranges. This allows tight observational constraints to be derived from OB-type stars for a wide range of applications in astrophysics. However, despite the progress made, many details of the modelling may be improved further. We discuss atomic data needs in terms of laboratory measurements and also ab-initio calculations. Particular emphasis is given to quantitative spectroscopy in the near-IR, which will be the focus in the era of the upcoming extremely large telescopes.
Cherenkov Telescope Array: Unveiling the Gamma Ray Universe and its Cosmic Particle Accelerators
Authors: de Gouveia Dal Pino Elisabete M.
Published: October 2016

Gamma-ray astronomy has a huge potential in astrophysics, particle physics and cosmology. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is an international initiative to build the next-generation ground-based gamma-ray observatory which will have a factor of 5-10 improvement in sensitivity in the 100 GeV - 10 TeV range and an extension to energies well below 100 GeV and above 100 TeV. CTA is planned to consist of two arrays (one in the North and another in the South Hemisphere) and will provide the deepest insight ever reached into the non-thermal high-energy Universe and its particle accelerators.
Atomic and Molecular Databases, VAMDC
Authors: Dubernet M. L. , Zwölf C. M. , Moreau N. , Ba Y. A. ,   VAMDC Consortium
Published: October 2016

The VAMDC Consortium is a worldwide consortium which federates Atomic and Molecular databases through an e-science infrastructure and a political organisation. About 90% of the inter-connected databases handle data that are used for the interpretation of spectra and for the modeling of media of many fields of astrophysics. This paper presents how the VAMDC Consortium is organised in order to publish atomic and molecular data for astrophysics.
Web-based Teaching Radio Interferometer for Africa
Authors: Carignan Claude , Libert Yannick
Published: October 2016

This presentation describes the web-based Teaching Radio Interferometer being built on the campus of the University of Cape Town, in South Africa, to train the future users of the African VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) Network (AVN).
Strategies for Astronomy Development in the Southeast Asia
Authors: Soonthornthum Boonrucksar
Published: October 2016

Astronomy is the science in which we study about everything in the universe, in which we derive the properties of celestial objects, planets, stars, galaxies and so on. These properties deduce the laws by which the universe operates. Astronomy is a remarkable subject which has had a profound effect on the human curiosity and inspiration. So, Astronomy can be used as powerful tool for the development of human resources and human capacity buildings on Science and Technology.
Session 21.5 – Light at Night and Protected Areas
Authors: Yongheng Zhao
Published: October 2016

Light at night (LAN) is now an established environmental problem, not only for astronomers but for the population at large. It has serious ecological effects that are wide ranging, and its environmental effects may be more serious than ever imagined. The ecological and environmental consequences are examined and emphasis is stressed on resolving the problem before it is too late.
Models of stellar population at high redshift, as constrainedby PN yields and luminosity function
Authors: Maraston C.
Published: October 2016

The stellar phase of Thermally-Pulsating Asymptotic giant branch is the last major evolutionary stage of intermediate-mass stars which afterwards evolve into planetary nebulae. The TP-AGB phase is affected by mass-loss and instabilities which notoriously make its theoretical modelling uncertain. This review focuses on the effects such modelling has on stellar population models for galaxies, with particular focus on the high-z Universe where galaxies are young and contain a large number of short-living TP-AGB stars. I shall present the models, discuss how different prescriptions for the treatment of the TP-AGB affect the theoretical integrated spectral energy distribution and how these compare to galaxy data, and discuss implications for the PN nebulae luminosity function stemming from the various assumptions. Finally I shall discuss the inclusion of hot evolved stars on stellar population models and how they compare to data for old galaxies at our present time.
Candidate High Redshift Clusters of Dusty Galaxies from Herschel and Planck
Authors: Clements D. L. , Greenslade J. ,   the HerMES & H-ATLAS Consortia
Published: October 2016

By examining Herschel images in the HerMES & H-ATLAS surveys at the position of Planck Catalog of Compact Source sources we are able to determine the nature of the Planck sources. Most are simply nearby, known, dusty galaxies, while others are foreground galactic ‘cirrus’ dust. About 11% of sources, though, appear to be groups or clumps of fainter Herschel objects. Followup of a number of these indicates that they are galaxy clusters or protoclusters at z ~1-3 that contain a number of galaxies undergoing contemporaneous massive starbursts. These sources present challenges for current galaxy & cluster formation/evolution models.
Millimetre molecular lines in Planck cold clumps
Authors: Jones Paul A. , Cunningham Maria R. , Tóth L. Viktor , Liu Tie , Lopez John A. P.
Published: October 2016

Galactic cold clumps have been identified from the Planck data (Planck Collaboration, 2011a, 2011b, 2015) as 10 342 cold (7 - 19 K) sources that stand out against a warmer environment, with the Early Cold Cores as a subsample of 915 most reliable detections. There is CO emission associated with the Planck Cold Clumps (PCCs), which has been observed with ground-based radio telescopes at higher resolution (Wu et al. 2012, Liu et al. 2014). A subset of PCCs have also been observed with Herschel at higher resolution (Juvela et al. 2012).

A southern sub-sample of the PCCs has been observed with the Mopra 22-m telescope to study the molecular gas. The Mopra telescope has 3-mm, 7-mm and 12-mm bands, with broadband correlator configuration 8-GHz wide with 0.27-MHz channels, or multiple zoom bands 137-MHz wide with 33-KHz channels, within the 8 GHz.

During the 2013 southern winter season we observed 10 clumps. This included observations in the 3-mm band of 12CO, 13CO and C18O and lines around 89 GHz (e.g. HCN, HCO+ and HNC), in the 7-mm band (e.g. CS) and in the 12-mm band (e.g. NH3). These observations were heterogenous, with sources selected by LST in gaps between observations of other projects, and band chosen by weather (i.e. in conditions unsuitable for higher frequencies, lower frequency bands were observed). During the 2014 season we observed 34 positions in 22 clumps, with zoom mode observations of lines around 89 GHz. This was a more well-defined sample of sources.

The mapping of the CO lines shows good spatial correlation of the CO with the dust column density The CO isotoplogues show high optical depth in 12CO and 13CO. The lines of HCN, HCO+ and HNC are weak, but detected in many of the 2014 sample. We are modelling the line results to determine column densities, excitation temperatures and abundances, using tools such as radex (van der Tak et al. 2007).
Cluster Physics & Evolution
Authors: Nagai Daisuke , Arnaud Monique , Dasadia Sarthak , McDonald Michael , Mitsuishi Ikuyuki , Morandi Andrea
Published: October 2016

Recent advances in X-ray and microwave observations have provided unprecedented insights into the structure and evolution of the hot X-ray emitting plasma from their cores to the virialization region in outskirts of galaxy clusters. Recent Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) surveys (ACT, Planck, SPT) have provided new cluster catalogs, significantly expanding coverage of the mass-redshift plane, whileChandraandXMM-NewtonX-ray follow-up programs have improved our understanding of cluster physics and evolution as well as the surveys themselves. However, the current cluster-based cosmological constraints are still limited by uncertainties in cluster astrophysics. In order to exploit the statistical power of the current and upcoming X-ray and microwave cluster surveys, it is critical to improve our understanding of the structure and evolution of the hot X-ray emitting intracluster medium (ICM). In this session, we discussed recent advances in observations and simulations of galaxy clusters, with highlights on (i) the evolution of ICM profiles and scaling relations, (ii) physical processes operating in the outskirts of galaxy clusters, and (iii) impact of mergers on the ICM structure in groups and clusters.
Large homogeneous sample of X-ray selected AGN and its study
Authors: Mickaelian Areg , Paronyan Gurgen , Abrahamyan Hayk
Published: October 2016

The combined catalogue of AGN selected from optical identifications of X-ray sources based on Hamburg–ROSAT and Byurakan–Hamburg–ROSAT catalogues is a homogeneous sample for statistical studies. Optically identified X-ray sources from ROSAT BSC and FSC are included, 4253 X-ray selected AGN in total. We carried out classification for 210 of these candidate sources based on available SDSS spectra and enlarged the sample of confirmed AGN. Statistical investigations of the sample were also carried out. Multiwavelength SEDs have also been constructed to link them to classifications.
What dominates the X-ray emission of normal galaxies?
Authors: Hornschemeier Ann E. , Wolter Anna , Kim Dong-Woo
Published: October 2016

X-ray surveys of normal galaxies, i.e. those that do not host actively supermassive black holes, have revealed important information on the nature of accreting stellar-mass compact objects (neutron stars and black holes), constraints on populations of possible intermediate-mass black holes (102–5M⊙), and on the reservoir of materials in the hot interstellar medium of the most massive galaxies. Here we summarize briefly the results of Chandra and NuSTAR surveys of several samples of galaxies covered during the 2015 IAU General Assembly. This includes a comprehensive study of six nearby starburst galaxies by the NuSTAR mission, of high-redshift galaxies from the 6 Ms Chandra Deep Field South for which evolutionary trends in X-ray emission over cosmic time have been measured, of collisional ring galaxies which are excellent local environments for studying intermediate-mass black holes and of elliptical galaxies which are ideal for study of the hot gas reservoirs containing the effects of stellar and AGN feedback.
New PARSEC database of alpha enhanced stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones for Gaia
Authors: Fu Xiaoting , Bressan Alessandro , Marigo Paola , Girardi Léo , Montalban Josefina , Chen Yang , Nanni Ambra , Lanza Antonio
Published: October 2016

We present a new database of alpha enhanced evolutionary tracks and isochrones, computed with PARSEC (the PAdova & TRieste Stellar Evolution Code). The new isochrones are tested against Color-Magnitude Diagrams of well studied Globular Clusters, tacking into account multiple population effects. They are also compared with observations of dwarf stars in the Solar vicinity. After these preliminary computations, we will provide the full sets of isochrones with chemical compositions suitable for Globular Clusters and Bulge stars, that will be fully implemented into galaxy simulators. We will also provide new models suitable for the analysis of unresolved stellar populations in early type galaxies.
Spectroscopy with Three-Dimensional Model Atmospheres of Late-Type Stars
Authors: Collet Remo
Published: October 2016

In this contribution, I present the results of a differential analysis of CH spectral lines for the determination of carbon abundances with three- and one-dimensional model atmospheres of late-type stars at various metallicities. 3D-1D abundance corrections are found to be significant particularly at low metallicities and for turn-off stars. The dependence of 3D-1D carbon abundance corrections on the stellar C/O ratio is also discussed.
Monash Chemical Yields Project (Monχey) Element production in low- and intermediate-mass stars
Authors: Doherty Carolyn , Lattanzio John , Angelou George , Campbell Simon W. , Church Ross , Constantino Thomas , Cristallo Sergio , Gil-Pons Pilar , Karakas Amanda , Lugaro Maria , Stancliffe Richard
Published: October 2016

The Monχey project will provide a large and homogeneous set of stellar yields for the low- and intermediate- mass stars and has applications particularly to galactic chemical evolution modelling. We describe our detailed grid of stellar evolutionary models and corresponding nucleosynthetic yields for stars of initial mass 0.8 M⊙ up to the limit for core collapse supernova (CC-SN) ≈ 10 M⊙. Our study covers a broad range of metallicities, ranging from the first, primordial stars (Z = 0) to those of super-solar metallicity (Z = 0.04). The models are evolved from the zero-age main-sequence until the end of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and the nucleosynthesis calculations include all elements from H to Bi. A major innovation of our work is the first complete grid of heavy element nucleosynthetic predictions for primordial AGB stars as well as the inclusion of extra-mixing processes (in this case thermohaline) during the red giant branch. We provide a broad overview of our results with implications for galactic chemical evolution as well as highlight interesting results such as heavy element production in dredge-out events of super-AGB stars. We briefly introduce our forthcoming web-based database which provides the evolutionary tracks, structural properties, internal/surface nucleosynthetic compositions and stellar yields. Our web interface includes user- driven plotting capabilities with output available in a range of formats. Our nucleosynthetic results will be available for further use in post processing calculations for dust production yields.
Dust and Metallicity across local Galaxies
Authors: Groves Brent
Published: October 2016

The gas-phase metallicity is one of the key insights we have into measuring the chemical feedback of stars in galaxies, yet remains difficult to correctly determine. However, there is a close relation between gas-phase metals and dust in the ISM, which can give us insight into the correct metallicity in galaxies. Here I will present recent work on metallicity gradients in galaxies, and how we can measure the global metallicity and the radial gradients in nearby galaxies using dust, through the dust-to-gas ratio.
The global oxygen yield budget followed in hydrodynamic simulations
Authors: Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Crain Robert A. , Schaye Joop , Tumlinson Jason
Published: October 2016

We present new EAGLE (“Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments”, Schaye et al. 2015) zoom simulations of a range of Milky Way-like galaxies that can uniquely reproduce the metallicities of galactic stars, the ISM, and now the circumgalactic medium (CGM) as probed by quasar absorption line surveys. The surprising result is that the average L* galaxy loses more oxygen to the CGM out to hundreds of kpcs from a galaxy than it retains in its stars. These zooms not only follow the nucleosynthetic yields of 11 elements, they follow the non-equilibrium ionization and cooling of 133 ions, which allow direct comparison to observations of the COS-Halos survey of O VI in galactic halos out to 150 kpc (Tumlinson et al. 2011). The result is a new understanding of the galactic nucleosynthetic yield budget in simulations where galaxies are dramatically shaped by supernovae and black hole feedback. We are now closer to reconciling observed stellar, ISM, and now CGM metallicities with the nucleosynthetic production of the stellar component.
The evolution of dust in the local and high-redshift universe
Authors: Dwek Eli , Arendt Richard G. , Staguhn Johannes , Temim Tea
Published: October 2016

Dust is a ubiquities component of the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies, and manifests itself in many different ways. Yet, its origin, composition, and size distribution are still a matter of great debate. Most of the thermally condensed dust is produced in the explosively expelled ejecta of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and in the quiescent winds of AGB stars. Following its injection into the ISM it is destroyed by supernova (SN) shock waves. Knowing the relative rates of these processes is crucial for understanding the nature and evolution of dust in galaxies. In the following we will review three aspects of the evolution of dust in galaxies: the evolution of dust in the ejecta of SN1987A; the rates of dust production and destruction rates in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), and the evolution of dust in CLASH 2882, a gravitationally-lensed galaxy at z=1.
Preface: Focus Meeting 10 - Stellar explosions in an ever-changing environment
Authors: Thöne Christina C. , Christensen Lise ,   on behalf of the SOC of FM 10
Published: October 2016

This focus meeting builds on a small conference “Galaxies meet GRBs at Cabo de Gata” held in September 2013 in Spain, which, for the first time, brought together people from the GRB and starburst communities and proved to be a great success. Focus Meeting 10 at the XXIX IAU GA was the continuation of this interdisciplinary collaboration, supported by Division J (Galaxies and Cosmology), Division D (High Energy Phenomena and Fundamental Physics) and Division G Working Group “Massive Stars”.
Studying Supernovae under the Current Paradigm
Authors: Fryer Chris L.
Published: October 2016

The convection-enhanced paradigm behind core-collapse supernovae (SNe) invokes a multi-physics model where convection above the proto-neutron star is able to convert the energy released in the collapse to produce the violent explosions observed as SNe. Over the past decade, the evidence in support of this engine has grown, including constraints placed by SN neutrinos, energies, progenitors and remnants. Although considerable theoretical work remains to utilize this data, our understanding of normal SNe is advancing. To achieve a deeper level of understanding, we must find ways to compare detailed simulations with the increasing set of observational data. Here we review the current constraints and how we can apply our current understanding to broaden our understanding of these powerful engines.
Metallicity dependence of Type Ib/c and IIb supernova progenitors in binary systems
Authors: Yoon Sung-Chul
Published: October 2016

Type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c) are characterized by the lack of prominent hydrogen lines in thespectra, implying that their progenitors have lost most of their hydrogen envelopes by the time of the iron corecollapse. Binary interactions provide an important evolutionary chanel for SNe Ib/c, and recent observations indicatethat the inferred ejecta masses of SNe Ibc are more consistent with the prediction of the binary scenario than that ofthe single star scenario that invokes mass loss as the key evolutionary factor for SNe Ib/c progenitors. So far,theoretical predictions on the detailed properties of SNe Ib/c progenitors in binary systems have been made mostlywith models using solar metallicity. However, unlike the single star scenario, where SNe Ib/c are expected only forsufficiently high metallicity, hydrogen-deficent SN progenitors can be produced via binary interactions at anymetallicity. In this talk, I will discuss theoretical predictions on the metallicity dependence of the SNe Ib/c progenitorstructure, based on evolutionary models of massive binary stars. Sepefically, I will address how the ejecta masses ofSNe Ib and Ic and the ratio of SN Ib/c to SN IIb as well as SN Ib to SN Ic would systematically change as a function ofmetallicity, and which new types of SNe are expected in binary systems at low metallicity.
Determining the progenitors of supernovae with early robotic observations
Authors: Howell Andrew
Published: October 2016

We present results from the LCOGT Supernova Key Project, a three year program to obtain lightcurves and spectra of 600 supernovae. The Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network is a network of eleven robotic 1m and 2m telescopes located at 5 sites around the world. With this facility long term monitoring of transient phenomena is possible, as are nearly instantaneous observations. We report on both core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae observed within days of explosion, allowing insight into their progenitor stars.
A Spitzer Search for the Missing Supernovae in the Galactic Nuclei of ULIRGS
Authors: Fox Ori D. , Casper Chad
Published: October 2016

Supernova (SN) rates serve as an important probe of star formation models and initial mass functions, particularly at high redshifts due to the SN intrinsic luminosity. Ground-based optical surveys, however, typically discover nearly ten times fewer SNe than predicted, challenging our understanding of massive star formation and evolution. These results are generally attributed to the high dust extinction associated with the nuclei of star forming galaxies, such as Ultra Luminous InfraRed Galaxies (ULIRGs). Near-infrared surveys have been unsuccessful due to extinction values exceeding AV > 25 mag, and even on an 8-m AO system, subtraction algorithms used to find the SNe inevitably leave large residuals associated with the inner 2” of the galactic nucleus, which is where a majority of the SNe occur. A successful survey must be conducted at longer wavelengths and with a space-based telescope, which has stable seeing that reduces the necessity for any subtraction algorithms and, therefore, residuals. Here we present ongoing work from our 300 hour Spitzer 3.6 micron survey for dust-extinguished SNe in the nuclear regions of ULIRGs within 200 Mpc. The direct product of this study will be an improved understanding of the connection between the far-IR luminosity of ULIRGs and massive star formation.
Magnetar-driven explosions as power source of Gamma-ray Bursts and Supernovae
Authors: Olivares E. Felipe , Greiner Jochen
Published: October 2016

We present photometry and spectroscopy of SN 2011kl associated to GRB 111209A. Peculiarities arise from both the ultra-long GRB and the very luminous SN, brighter than any other GRB-associated SN observed to date. We present unequivocal evidence in favor of a scenario where a newly-formed magnetar powers both the GRB and the SN.
Modeling abundances in galaxies
Authors: Kobayashi Chiaki , Taylor Philip
Published: October 2016

We reviewed chemical evolution of galaxies using our cosmological simulations.
Resolved Host Studies of Stellar Explosions
Authors: Levesque Emily M.
Published: October 2016

The host galaxies of nearby (z<0.3) core-collapse supernovae and long-duration gamma-ray bursts offer an excellent means of probing the environments and populations that produce these events' varied massive progenitors. These same young stellar progenitors make LGRBs and SNe valuable and potentially powerful tracers of star formation, metallicity, the IMF, and the end phases of stellar evolution. However, properly utilizing these progenitors as tools requires a thorough understanding of their formation and, consequently, the physical properties of their parent host environments. In this talk I will review some of the recent work on LGRB and SN hosts with resolved environments that allows us to probe the precise explosion sites and surrounding environments of these events in incredible detail.
Dual Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Greene Jenny E. , Mueller-Sanchez Fransisco , Comerford Julia M.
Published: October 2016

We still do not know the timescale for the merging of binary black holes (BHs). This timescale has important implications for gravitational wave predictions and our understanding of BH demographics. Here we discuss efforts to constrain the fraction of BH pairs on kpc scales using observations of dual active galactic nuclei.
Environment and Galaxy Host Properties of PTA and eLISA Sources
Authors: Palafox Eva Martínez , Valenzuela Octavio , Colín Pedro , Gottlöber Stefan
Published: October 2016

We use a dynamical model for the decay of supermassive black hole binaries (BHBs) coupled with a cosmological simulation and semi-empirical approaches to the occupation of halos by galaxies and BHs, in order to investigate the properties of galaxies hosting BHBs. We found bimodal distributions of hosts properties, with one peak corresponding to BHBs suitable to be detected by PTAs and the other to BHBs in the eLISA frequency window. We note that for some of the scenarios explored there must be a considerable population of such sources in the nearby Universe that might show detectable EM signatures, representing an important laboratory for multimessenger astrophysics.
Pulsar Timing Arrays
Authors: McLaughlin Maura
Published: October 2016

I describe the concept of a pulsar timing array and give broad overview of the construction of a pulsar timing array, methods for high-precision timing and noise characterization, and algorithms for gravitational wave detection and source characterization. I then provide an overview of worldwide pulsar timing programs and the scale and sensitivity of the pulsar timing array efforts, with particular attention to the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). I discuss the most recent results from pulsar timing arrays, emphasizing the gravitational wave detection efforts in particular. Finally, I describe the anticipated future growth in participants, telescopes, pulsars, and sensitivity of the IPTA, highlighting the transformational advances that it will enable over the next decade.
Asteroseismology of Red-Giant Stars as a Novel Approach in the Search for Gravitational Waves
Authors: Campante Tiago L. , Lopes Ilídio , Bossini D. , Miglio A. , Chaplin W. J.
Published: October 2016

Stars are massive resonators that may be used as gravitational-wave (GW) detectors with isotropic sensitivity. New insights on stellar physics are being made possible by asteroseismology, the study of stars by the observation of their natural oscillations. The continuous monitoring of oscillation modes in stars of different masses and sizes (e.g., as carried out by NASA's Kepler mission) opens the possibility of surveying the local Universe for GW radiation. Red-giant stars are of particular interest in this regard. Since the mean separation between red giants in open clusters is small (a few light years), this can in principle be used to look for the same GW imprint on the oscillation modes of different stars as a GW propagates across the cluster. Furthermore, the frequency range probed by oscillations in red giants complements the capabilities of the planned eLISA space interferometer. We propose asteroseismology of red giants as a novel approach in the search for gravitational waves.
Water and organics in interplanetary dust particles
Authors: Bradley John
Published: October 2016

Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) and larger micrometeorites (MMs) impinge on the upper atmosphere where they decelerate at 90 km altitude and settle to the Earths surface. Comets and asteroids are the major sources and the flux, 30,000-40,000 tons/yr, is comparable to the mass of larger meteorites impacting the Earths surface. The sedimentary record suggests that the flux was much higher on the early Earth. The chondritic porous (CP) subset of IDPs together with their larger counterparts, ultracarbonaceous micrometeorites (UCMMs), appear to be unique among known meteoritic materials in that they are composed almost exclusively of anhydrous minerals, some of them contain >> 50% organic carbon by volume as well as the highest abundances of presolar silicate grains including GEMS. D/H and 15N abundances implicate the Oort Cloud or presolar molecular cloud as likely sources of the organic carbon. Prior to atmospheric entry, IDPs and MMs spend 104-105 year lifetimes in solar orbit where their surfaces develop amorphous space weathered rims from exposure to the solar wind (SW). Similar rims are observed on lunar soil grains and on asteroid Itokawa regolith grains. Using valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy (VEELS) we have detected radiolytic water in the rims on IDPs formed by the interaction of solar wind protons with oxygen in silicate minerals. Therefore, IDPs and MMs continuously deliver both water and organics to the earth and other terrestrial planets. The interaction of protons with oxygen-rich minerals to form water is a universal process.
Forming terrestrial planets and delivering water
Authors: Walsh Kevin J.
Published: October 2016

Building models capable of successfully matching the Terrestrial Planet's basic orbital and physical properties has proven difficult. Meanwhile, improved estimates of the nature of water-rich material accreted by the Earth, along with the timing of its delivery, have added even more constraints for models to match. While the outer Asteroid Belt seemingly provides a source for water-rich planetesimals, models that delivered enough of them to the still-forming Terrestrial Planets typically failed on other basic constraints - such as the mass of Mars.

Recent models of Terrestrial Planet Formation have explored how the gas-driven migration of the Giant Planets can solve long-standing issues with the Earth/Mars size ratio. This model is forced to reproduce the orbital and taxonomic distribution of bodies in the Asteroid Belt from a much wider range of semimajor axis than previously considered. In doing so, it also provides a mechanism to feed planetesimals from between and beyond the Giant Planet formation region to the still-forming Terrestrial Planets.
Type II supernova diversity
Authors: Anderson Joseph P.
Published: October 2016

It is now firmly established that at a significant fraction of hydrogen-rich type II supernovae (SNe II) arise from red supergiant progenitors. However, a large diversity of SN properties exist, and it is presently unclear how this can be understood in terms of progenitor differences and pre-SN stellar evolution. In this contribution, I present the diversity of SN II V-band light-curves for a large sample of SNe II, and compare these to photometry of SNe II which have progenitor mass constraints from pre-explosion imaging.
Chromospheres of Luminous Cool Stars
Authors: Dupree A. K.
Published: October 2016

Direct ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopy of Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse) reveals variable chromospheric structures and mass motions. Spectroscopy also demonstrates the changes of wind opacity, speeds, and mass loss in luminous stars. Cool stars have complex chromospheres that need to be considered in construction of stellar atmospheric models and subsequent spectral analyses.
On the Explosion Geometry of Red Supergiant Stars
Authors: Leonard Douglas C. , Dessart Luc , Pignata Giuliano , Hillier D. John , Williams George G. , Smith Paul S. , Khandrika Harish , Bilinski Christopher , Duong Nhieu , Flatland Kelsi , Gonzalez Luis , Hoffman Jennifer L. , Horst Chuck , Huk Leah , Milne Peter , Rachubo Alisa A. , Smith Nathan
Published: October 2016

We present the observed “continuum” levels of polarization as a function of time for four well-observed Type II-Plateau supernovae (SNe II-P; Fig. 1), the class of SNe decisively determined to arise from red supergiant stars (Smartt 2009). All four objects show temporally increasing degrees of polarization through the end of the photospheric phase, with some exhibiting early-time polarization that challenge existing models (e.g., Dessart and Hillier 2011) to reproduce. A fundamental ejecta asymmetry is present in this photometrically diverse sample of type II SNe, and it probably takes different forms (e.g., 56Ni blobs/fingers, large scale deformation). We acknowledge support from NSF grants AST-1009571 and AST-1210311.
Late-time Spectral Observations of Type IIP Supernovae
Authors: Silverman Jeffrey M. , Pickett Stephanie , Wheeler J. Craig , Filippenko Alexei V.
Published: October 2016

We are analysing late-time (older than about 150 d past explosion) optical spectra of Type II-Plateau (IIP) supernovae (SNe), which are H-rich SNe that come from red supergiant (RSG) progenitors. The dataset includes nearly 100 spectra of about 40 objects, making this the largest sample of SN IIP nebular spectra ever investigated. Quantitative criteria from within the spectra themselves are employed to determine if an observation is truly nebular, and thus should be included in the study. We present the temporal evolution of the fluxes, shapes, and velocities of various emission lines (see, for example, Fig. 1). These measured values are also compared to photometric data in order to search for correlations that can allow us to gain insight into the diversity of RSG progenitors and learn more about the details of the explosion itself.