bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression profile of E‐cadherin, estrogen receptors, and P53 in early‐onset gastric cancers
Authors: Zhou Fan , Xu Yuanyuan , Shi Jiong , Lan Xing , Zou Xiaoping , Wang Lei , Huang Qin
Published: October 2016

Early‐onset gastric cancer (EOGC) is predominant in females, diffuse histology, and hereditary pattern. Germline mutation of CDH1 and p53 has been reported previously and female dominance was speculated to be associated with estrogen and its receptors. Expression of E‐cadherin, estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), and p53 in EOGC remains unclear, which was the focus of this study, to assess clinical significance of their expression in EOGC. The expression of E‐cadherin, ERα, ERβ, and p53 in tumors and normal tissues from surgically resected EOGCs was assessed by immunohistochemistry (n = 139) and Western blot (n = 7) methods, respectively. The expression in tumor tissues was significantly higher for ERα, ERβ, and p53, but lower for E‐cadherin, compared to uninvolved mucosa. Positive staining of ERβ and p53 was more frequently observed in younger patients with advanced TNM stages. For E‐cadherin, significant correlation was observed between the immunopositivity and TNM stages IA+IB. P53‐negative patients had significantly better outcomes than p53‐positive patients. Significant association between expression of E‐cadherin and histologic types was found in familial, but not in sporadic, EOGC. In conclusion, our results demonstrated E‐cadherin may have a role in initiation of EOGC and positive ERβ and p53 expression may partially explained early‐onset and tumor progression of EOGC.
Don't add the flu to your child's problems: Vaccinate
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2016

It's that time of year again — flu shots. As in injections, not the nasal mist. We're calling them flu shots, because for all children 6 months and older, this old‐fashioned route of administration is recommended. The nasal version was only 3% effective last year in children ages 2–17, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). So, yes, young children get a lot of shots — vaccines that save them from disease and death — and a yearly flu shot is a necessity. The flu shot, however, was 63% effective.
U.S. teens drink and smoke less, but use illicit drugs more, than teens in Europe
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2016

In Europe, where drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes are more a part of the culture than in the United States, teens are more likely to be using these substances. But in the United States, the rates of illicit drug use among teens are much higher than among their European counterparts.
Distracted driving prevention needs leadership from the neuroscience community
Authors: Paccione‐Dyszlewski Margaret R.
Published: October 2016

I am in the passenger seat as my 18‐year‐old nephew drives us home from a shopping trip. As we make a left turn, the iPad resting comfortably on the dash signals a text message. A few seconds later, my nephew's cell phone rings; he answers it.
Methanol Partial Oxidation on Ag(1 1 1) from First Principles
Authors: Aljama Hassan , Yoo Jong Suk , Nørskov Jens K. , Abild‐Pedersen Frank , Studt Felix
Published: October 2016

In this work, we examine the thermochemistry and kinetics of the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde on silver surfaces. Periodic density functional theory calculations employing the BEEF‐vdW functional are used to identify the most stable phases of the silver surface under relevant reaction conditions and the reaction energetics are obtained on these surfaces. The calculated binding energies and transition state energies are used as input in a mean‐field microkinetic model providing the reaction kinetics on silver surfaces under different reaction conditions. Our results show that, under conditions pertaining to methanol partial oxidation, oxygen is present at low concentrations and it plays a critical role in the catalytic reaction. Surface oxygen promotes the reaction by activating the OH bond in methanol, thus forming a methoxy intermediate, which can react further to form formaldehyde. The dissociation of molecular oxygen is identified as the most critical step.
Ir‐Catalyzed C−H Amidation of Aldehydes with Stoichiometric/Catalytic Directing Group
Authors: Zhang Yun‐Fei , Wu Bin , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: October 2016

Ir‐catalyzed sp2 C−H amidation of aldehydes with various anilines as stoichiometric or catalytic directing groups was accomplished. A wide range of substrates were selectively amidated in good to excellent yields with broad functional group tolerance. The iridacycle complexes were isolated, characterized, and proved as key intermediates. Kinetic studies and Hammett plots provided detailed understandings of this amidation. According to the mechanism, the electron‐rich ArSO2N3 was proved effective for intermolecular sp3 C−H amidation.
[NMe4][I4Br5]: A new Iodobromide from an Ionic Liquid with Halogen–Halogen Interactions
Authors: Mann Lisa , Voßnacker Patrick , Müller Carsten , Riedel Sebastian
Published: October 2016

Tetramethylammonium tetraiodopentabromide [NMe4][I4Br5] was the first iodobromide to be synthesized and crystallized in an ionic liquid as well as in dichloromethane. The new iodobromides show different structure motives yet are unknown from other nonahalides and can be better described as [(I2Br3)−⋅2 IBr]. The additional IBr units are connected by halogen–halogen interactions on the central V‐shaped [I2Br3]−. The characterization was performed by Raman spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray structure determination. Conductivity measurements, thermogravimetric analysis and quantum‐chemical calculations completed the structural discussion.
Structure and Bonding in Nickel–Thiolate–Iodine Charge‐Transfer Complexes
Authors: Beyer Norman , Steinfeld Gunther , Lozan Vasile , Naumov Sergej , Flyunt Roman , Abel Bernd , Kersting Berthold
Published: October 2016

The dinuclear nickel complexes [Ni2L(μ‐O2CR)](ClO4) [R=Me (4), R=OMe (6)], where L2− is a 24‐membered macrocyclic N6S2 ligand, react readily with excess I2 in MeCN solution at 4 °C to form stable mono‐(I2) and bis‐(I2) charge‐transfer (CT) adducts of the type [Ni2L(μ‐O2CR)(I2)n]+ (n=1 or 2) containing linear RS‐I‐I linkages. Three new CT compounds, namely, [Ni2L(OAc)(I2)](I2)(I3) (5), [Ni2L(O2COMe)(I2)](I5)⋅MeCN (7⋅MeCN), and [Ni2L(O2COMe)(I2)2](I5)⋅MeCN (8⋅MeCN) as well as the triiodide salt [Ni2L(OAc)](I3) (9) were synthesized and fully characterized. A common feature of the CT adducts is a polyiodide matrix, which surrounds the individual complex molecules, stabilized by secondary I⋅⋅⋅I interactions with the CT linkages. The scatter in both the RS−I (2.6 to 3.0 Å) and the I−I bond lengths (2.7 to 3.0 Å) is indicative of both a variable strength of the RS−→I2 bond and a varying degree of charge transfer. An analysis of the structural parameters was undertaken accompanied by DFT calculations to quantify the donating ability of the bridging thiolate functions and to shed more light on the bonding in this rare sort of charge‐transfer complexes. The stability of the CT complexes and the results of preliminary transport measurements are also reported.
Mechanically Induced Opening–Closing Action of Binaphthyl Molecular Pliers: Digital Phase Transition versus Continuous Conformational Change
Authors: Mori Taizo , Ishikawa Daisuke , Yonamine Yusuke , Fujii Yoshihisa , Hill Jonathan P. , Ichinose Izumi , Ariga Katsuhiko , Nakanishi Waka
Published: October 2016

Reversible dynamic control of structure is a significant challenge in molecular nanotechnology. Previously, we have reported a mechanically induced continuous (analog) conformational variation in an amphiphilic binaphthyl, where closing of molecular pliers was achieved by compression of a molecular monolayer composed of these molecules at the air–water interface. In this work we report that a phase transition induced by an applied mechanical stress enables discontinuous digital (1/0) opening of simple binaphthyl molecular pliers. A lipid matrix at the air–water interface promotes the formation of quasi‐stable nanocrystals, in which binaphthyl molecules have an open transoid configuration. The crystallization/dissolution of quasi‐stable binaphthyl crystals with accompanying conformational change is reversible and repeatable.
Secrecy outage analysis in a hybrid cognitive relay network with energy harvesting
Authors: Maji Pranabesh , Dhar Roy Sanjay , Kundu Sumit
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security of a hybrid cognitive relay network using an energy harvesting relay in presence of an eavesdropper. In the hybrid scheme, a secondary user (SU) as well as a cognitive relay works either in underlay or in overlay mode. In underlay, the transmit power of the SU as well as the relay is limited by the maximum acceptable interference at primary user (PU) receiver as required by an outage constraint of PU, a quality of service for PU. The secondary network consists of a decode and forward relay that harvests energy from radio frequency signal of secondary transmitter as well as PU transmitter to assist the SU in forwarding the information signal to the destination. A time switching relaying protocol is used at the relay. We evaluate the secrecy outage probability of secondary relay network assuming that channel state information of the interfering links from both the SU and relay transmitter to PU receiver is imperfect. Our results reveal the impact of imperfect channel state information, energy harvesting time, tolerable interference threshold, and PU outage constraint on the secrecy outage probability of SU.
Toddler parasympathetic regulation and fear: Links to maternal appraisal and behavior
Authors: Cho Sunghye , Buss Kristin A.
Published: October 2016

There is a growing recognition that parental socialization influences interact with young children's emerging capacity for physiological regulation and shape children's developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, the transactional processes linking parental socialization and physiological regulatory processes remain not well understood, particularly for fear‐prone toddlers. To address this gap in the literature, the present study investigated the biopsychosocial processes that underlie toddlers’ fear regulation by examining the relations among toddler parasympathetic regulation, maternal appraisal, and parenting behaviors. Participants included 124 mothers and their toddlers (Mage = 24.43 months), who participated in a longitudinal study of temperament and socio‐emotional development. Toddlers’ parasympathetic reactivity was found to moderate the links between maternal anticipatory appraisal of child fearfulness and (a) maternal provision of physical comfort and (b) preschool‐age child inhibition. Additionally, maternal comforting behaviors during the low‐threat task predicted preschool‐age separation distress, specifically for toddlers demonstrating a low baseline RSA.
Spatial pattern of distribution of marine invertebrates within a subtidal community: do communities vary more among patches or plots?
Authors: Chang Chun‐Yi , Marshall Dustin J.
Published: October 2016

Making links between ecological processes and the scales at which they operate is an enduring challenge of community ecology. Our understanding of ecological communities cannot advance if we do not distinguish larger scale processes from smaller ones. Variability at small spatial scales can be important because it carries information about biological interactions, which cannot be explained by environmental heterogeneity alone. Marine fouling communities are shaped by both the supply of larvae and competition for resources among colonizers—these two processes operate on distinctly different scales. Here, we demonstrate how fouling community structure varies with spatial scale in a temperate Australian environment, and we identify the spatial scale that captures the most variability. Community structure was quantified with both univariate (species richness and diversity) and multivariate (similarity in species composition) indices. Variation in community structure was unevenly distributed between the spatial scales that we examined. While variation in community structure within patch was usually greater than among patch, variation among patch was always significant. Opportunistic taxa that rely heavily on rapid colonization of free space spread more evenly among patches during early succession. In contrast, taxa that are strong adult competitors but slow colonizers spread more evenly among patches only during late succession. Our findings show significant patchiness can develop in a habitat showing no systematic environmental spatial variation, and this patchiness can be mediated through different biological factors at different spatial scales.
Spatial subsidies in spider diets vary with shoreline structure: Complementary evidence from molecular diet analysis and stable isotopes
Authors: Hambäck Peter A. , Weingartner Elisabeth , Dalén Love , Wirta Helena , Roslin Tomas
Published: October 2016

Inflow of matter and organisms may strongly affect the local density and diversity of organisms. This effect is particularly evident on shores where organisms with aquatic larval stages enter the terrestrial food web. The identities of such trophic links are not easily estimated as spiders, a dominant group of shoreline predator, have external digestion. We compared trophic links and the prey diversity of spiders on different shore types along the Baltic Sea: on open shores and on shores with a reed belt bordering the water. A priori, we hypothesized that the physical structure of the shoreline reduces the flow between ecosystem and the subsidies across the sea–land interface. To circumvent the lack of morphologically detectable remains of spider prey, we used a combination of stable isotope and molecular gut content analyses. The two tools used for diet analysis revealed complementary information on spider diets. The stable isotope analysis indicated that spiders on open shores had a marine signal of carbon isotopes, while spiders on reedy shores had a terrestrial signal. The molecular analysis revealed a diverse array of dipteran and lepidopteran prey, where spiders on open and reedy shores shared a similar diet with a comparable proportion of chironomids, the larvae of which live in the marine system. Comparing the methods suggests that differences in isotope composition of the two spider groups occurred because of differences in the chironomid diets: as larvae, chironomids of reedy shores likely fed on terrestrial detritus and acquired a terrestrial isotope signature, while chironomids of open shores utilized an algal diet and acquired a marine isotope signature. Our results illustrate how different methods of diet reconstruction may shed light on complementary aspects of nutrient transfer. Overall, they reveal that reed belts can reduce connectivity between habitats, but also function as a source of food for predators.
Bienzymatic Biosensor for Malic Acid Based on Malate Dehydrogenase and Transaminase Immobilized onto a Glassy Carbon Powder/Carbon Nanotubes/Nad+ Composite Electrode
Authors: Mundaca‐Uribe Rodolfo , Valencia‐Muñoz Daniela , Castillo Felices Rosario , Hinojosa José Neira , Bustos Mario Aranda , Peña‐Farfal Carlos
Published: October 2016

A biosensor for malic acid detection in fruit juices, based on malate dehydrogenase (MDH) glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) in a powder vitreous carbon, carbon nanotubes and mineral oil, composite matrix has been developed. By employing amperometry at a constant potential of 0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), an enzymatic reaction promoted by these species in a support solution Mc Ilvaine buffer (phosphate/citrate pH 10.0) with glutamic acid was generated, causing the oxidation of electro active species, that was stoichiometrically equal to the amount of malic acid present in the sample. The response was linear over the range 2–50 mM, with an analytical sensitivity of 2.24×10−4 to 2,55×10−4 AM−1 and r2=0.9980 to 0.9983, a LOD of 4.02 μM and LOQ of 13.4 μM. Malic acid concentration detected was 0.23–1.07 g/L in fruit juice samples. Results were validated using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method as a reference. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bienzymatic biosensor using both malate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enzymes.
Maternal transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances in hooded seals
Authors: Grønnestad Randi , Villanger Gro D. , Polder Anuschka , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Jenssen Bjørn M. , Borgå Katrine
Published: October 2016

The role of milk in the transfer of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) to offspring is not well known in wildlife. Eight PFASs were quantified in plasma and milk in mother–pup pairs of hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) during the nursing period, and the role of milk in the transfer process was analyzed. Hooded seal was chosen because of its short lactation period (3–4 d), during which the pup feeds only on milk. Placental or lactation transfer would thus be the only source of PFAS in the pup. Of the 8 PFASs analyzed (Σ8PFAS), 7 were found in all samples; therefore, milk is a source to PFASs in pups. Perfluorooctane sulfonate was the dominant PFAS in all samples. Mean Σ8PFAS concentrations were 6.0 ng/g protein (36 ng/g wet wt) in maternal plasma, 0.77 ng/g protein (3.2 ng/g wet wt) in milk, and 12 ng/g protein (66 ng/g wet wt) in pup plasma. Measured concentrations in plasma were within ranges previously reported from other seal species, below known toxicity thresholds for experimental rodents. Individual PFASs differed in transfer efficiency from mother to pup, depending on carbon chain lengths, with the lowest relative transfer for the intermediate-chained PFASs (C9–C10). The results show maternal transfer of PFASs via both milk and the placenta, of which placental transfer is the dominant pathway. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:763–770. © 2016 SETAC
Default mode network deactivation during odor–visual association
Authors: Karunanayaka Prasanna R. , Wilson Donald A. , Tobia Michael J. , Martinez Brittany E. , Meadowcroft Mark D. , Eslinger Paul J. , Yang Qing X.
Published: October 2016

Default mode network (DMN) deactivation has been shown to be functionally relevant for goal‐directed cognition. In this study, the DMN's role during olfactory processing was investigated using two complementary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigms with identical timing, visual‐cue stimulation, and response monitoring protocols. Twenty‐nine healthy, non‐smoking, right‐handed adults (mean age = 26 ± 4 years, 16 females) completed an odor–visual association fMRI paradigm that had two alternating odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. During odor + visual trials, a visual cue was presented simultaneously with an odor, while during visual‐only trial conditions the same visual cue was presented alone. Eighteen of the twenty‐nine participants (mean age = 27.0 ± 6.0 years, 11 females) also took part in a control no‐odor fMRI paradigm that consisted of a visual‐only trial condition which was identical to the visual‐only trials in the odor–visual association paradigm. Independent Component Analysis (ICA), extended unified structural equation modeling (euSEM), and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) were used to investigate the interplay between the DMN and olfactory network. In the odor–visual association paradigm, DMN deactivation was evoked by both the odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. In contrast, the visual‐only trials in the no‐odor paradigm did not evoke consistent DMN deactivation. In the odor–visual association paradigm, the euSEM and PPI analyses identified a directed connectivity between the DMN and olfactory network which was significantly different between odor + visual and visual‐only trial conditions. The results support a strong interaction between the DMN and olfactory network and highlights the DMN's role in task‐evoked brain activity and behavioral responses during olfactory processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1125–1139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
REFLECTING TOGETHER: REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING AS A FOCUS FOR DEEPENING GROUP SUPERVISION
Authors: Heffron Mary Claire , Reynolds Diane , Talbot Bronwyn
Published: October 2016

This article proposes how group reflective supervision, informed by the theory of reflective functioning, may provide a powerful method for developing reflective capacity of staff serving families, infants, and young children in multidisciplinary settings. An explanation of reflective functioning, related research, and its relevance to relational treatment and preventive intervention are discussed. Other approaches to reflective practice are referenced. We describe the necessary tension and encounters with distressing affect that mark reflective supervision groups using this focus. In addition, we identify areas of heightened difficulty in infant family work and describe how a group supervision process that enables use of self alongside perspectives of others may address these challenges while leading to increased reflective capacity among participants. Finally, we touch on relevant research on group supervision and parameters of size and focus, and highlight facilitation skills needed to create group safety and coherence. Areas for further study are proposed.
Writing Our Identities Together
Authors: Zenkov Kristien , Taylor Laurel , Angle Dorothy , Nzita Ange Ndenga
Published: October 2016

Often coauthored by university‐ and school‐based educators, preservice teachers, and youths, this department column considers how literacies are best developed through context‐crossing partnerships among university, school, and community constituents.
Disciplinary and Digital Literacies: Three Synergies
Authors: Goss Megan , Castek Jill , Manderino Michael
Published: October 2016

This department column explores digital and disciplinary literacies across learning contexts and disciplines within and outside of school. Digital enhancements will encourage readers to post questions, comments, and connections.
Synthesis and Characterization of PANI/ZnO Nanocomposites
Authors: Mehto Varsha R. , Mehto Akanksha , Gupta Dhirendra Kumar , Pandey Rajendra Kumar
Published: October 2016

This paper presents our results on the successful fabrication of HCl‐doped polyaniline (PANI)/ZnO nanocomposites via an electrochemical synthesis route. Different weight percents of ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the PANI matrix. The interaction between the dispersed ZnO nanoparticle and PANI was studied using X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the doping state of the PANI/ZnO nanocomposite is highly improved as compared to that of PANI. The dispersed PANI/ZnO nanocomposites exhibit enhanced PL behavior and thermal stability.
Validation of the SarQoL®, a specific health‐related quality of life questionnaire for Sarcopenia
Authors: Beaudart Charlotte , Biver Emmanuel , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Rizzoli René , Rolland Yves , Bautmans Ivan , Petermans Jean , Gillain Sophie , Buckinx Fanny , Dardenne Nadia , Bruyère Olivier
Published: October 2016

Background

A specific self‐administrated health‐related quality of life questionnaire for sarcopenia, the Sarcopenia and Quality Of Life (SarQoL®), has been recently developed. This questionnaire is composed of 55 items translated into 22 questions and organized into seven domains of quality of life. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the psychometric properties (discriminative power, validity, reliability, floor and ceiling effects) of the SarQoL® questionnaire.

Methods

Sarcopenic subjects were recruited in an outpatient clinic in Liège, Belgium and were diagnosed according to the algorithm developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. We compared the score of the SarQoL® between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic subjects using a logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient; construct validity was assessed using convergent and divergent validities. Test–retest reliability was verified after a two‐week interval using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). At last, floor and ceiling effects were also tested.

Results

A total of 296 subjects with a median age of 73.3 (68.9–78.6) years were recruited for this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed sarcopenic. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the total score and the scores of the different dimensions of the SarQoL® questionnaire were significantly lower for sarcopenic than for non‐sarcopenic subjects (54.7 (45.9–66.3) for sarcopenic vs. 67.8 (57.3 – 79.0) for non sarcopenic, OR 0.93 (95%CI 0.90–0.96)). Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.87. The SarQoL® questionnaire data showed good correlation with some domains of the Short‐Form 36 (SF‐36) and the EuroQoL 5‐dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires and with the mobility test. An excellent agreement between the test and the retest was found with an ICC of 0.91 (95% CI 0.82–0.95). At last, neither floor nor ceiling effects were detected.

Conclusions

The SarQoL® questionnaire is valid, consistent, and reliable and can therefore be recommended for clinical and research purposes. However, its sensitivity to change needs to be assessed in future longitudinal studies.
Analysis on the precision of the dimensions of self‐ligating brackets
Authors: Erduran Rackel Hatice Milhomens Gualberto , Maeda Fernando Akio , Ortiz Sandra Regina Mota , Triviño Tarcila , Fuziy Acácio , Carvalho Paulo Eduardo Guedes
Published: October 2016

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self‐ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers. Images of the brackets were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these were measured using the AutoCAD 2011 software. The tolerance parameters stated in the ISO 27020 standard were used as references. The results showed that only the Orthometric, Morelli, and Ormco groups showed results inconsistent with the ISO standard. Regarding the parallelism of the internal walls of the slots, most of the models studied had results in line with the ISO prescription, except the Morelli group. In assessing bracket slot height, only the Forestadent, GAC, American Orthodontics, and Ormco groups presented results in accordance with the ISO standard. The GAC, Forestadent, and American Orthodontics groups did not differ in relation to the three factors of the ISO 27020 standard. Great variability of results is observed in relation to all the variables.
Human Capital, the Millennial's Reign, and the Need For Servant Leadership
Authors: Barbuto John E. , Gottfredson Ryan K.
Published: October 2016

Human capital has been a major emphasis and priority for organizations for the past 15–20 years; however, changing demographics in the workplace dictate that organizations step up these efforts. The current paper explores three generational cohorts, with particular emphasis on the Millennial generation as this cohort will encompass upward of 50% of the workforce by 2020. If organizations want to compete for and retain top Millennial talent, organizations must make themselves attractive to Millennials. This will require that organizations develop a leadership base that is suited to lead Millennials. We suggest that servant leadership is likely the optimal leadership style for creating an organization rich in human capital development and for making an organization a preferred workplace for the Millennial generation.
Developing Organizational Citizens: Creating Business Impact and Greater Human Capital
Authors: Murnane Jennifer Aden
Published: October 2016

Organizational citizenship behavior, when part of a leadership development program, can have an impact on an organization's culture and can impact measurable, tangible business outcomes. Striving for increased organizational citizenship behaviors as a component of leadership development programs can be beneficial in realizing greater organizational human capital and business impact, such as job satisfaction, reduced turnover, organizational effectiveness, and increased customer satisfaction. The associated steps for weaving organizational citizenship into a leadership development program and measuring it are outlined.
Interaction of almond cystatin with pesticides: Structural and functional analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Azad Alam , Khaki Peerzada Shariq Shaheen , Bano Bilqees
Published: October 2016

Pesticides are chemical substances that eliminate or control a variety of agricultural pests that damage crops and livestock. They not only affect the targeted pests but also affect the nontargeted systems, raising more concerns for their effect on both plant and animal systems. Cystatins (cysteine protease inhibitor) are ubiquitously present in all living cells and show a variety of important physiological functions. The present study shows the effect of different pesticides (pendimethalin, methoxyfenozide, and CuII hydroxide) on purified almond cystatin. Almond cystatin showed concentration‐dependent loss in papain inhibitory activity on interaction with the pesticides, showing maximum loss in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide and minimum in the case of methoxyfenozide. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed maximum degradation of purified cystatin in the presence of Cu(II) hydroxide with insignificant effect in the presence of methoxyfenozide. Structural alterations were significant in the case of Cu(II) hydroxide and less in the case of methoxyfenozide as revealed by UV and fluorescence spectral studies. Secondary structural alterations were further conformed by circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The α‐helix content of almond cystatin decreases from 35.64% (native) to 34.83%, 30.79%, and 29.62% for methoxyfenozide‐, pendimethalin‐, and Cu(II) hydroxide–treated cystatin, respectively. A Fourier transform infrared study shows an amide I band shift for almond cystatin from 1649.15 ± 0.5 to 1646.48 ± 0.6, 1640.44 ± 0.6, and 1635.11 ± 0.3 cm−1 for methoxyfenozide, pendimethalin, and Cu(II) hydroxide, respectively. Values obtained for different thermodynamic parameters (ΔH0, ΔG0, N, and ΔS0) by isothermal titration calorimetric experiments reveal maximum binding of almond cystatin with Cu(II) hydroxide followed by pendimethalin and little interaction with methoxyfenozide.
Inter‐ and intra‐annual changes in air temperature and precipitation in western Spitsbergen
Authors: Osuch Marzena , Wawrzyniak Tomasz
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Natural systems are characterized by seasonal and inter‐annual variability. In the Arctic, changes in annual runs of air temperature and precipitation play crucial roles and have implications for the abiotic and biotic environment. In our study, we investigate seasonality and inter‐annual variability of air temperature and precipitation at three stations with the longest diurnal instrumental records in Spitsbergen: the Polish Polar Station Hornsund, Longyearbyen Airport and Ny‐Ålesund. For that purpose, we used the novel method of analysis Moving Average over Shifting Horizon (MASH), combined with trend estimation. The application of MASH helps detecting changes of seasonality in the data by filtering out the effects of periodicity of the variables. The results show that the tendencies of changes are not evenly distributed throughout the year. In the case of air temperature, upward trends were detected, with the most pronounced changes in the freezing season and slight changes during summer. The shape of the annual run has also changed, with a shift of the coldest months from December and January to March and April. In terms of precipitation, the highest increases were obtained for the late melting season, autumn and early winter, especially pronounced in Hornsund and Ny‐Ålesund. Changes in daily air temperature and precipitation totals were strongly linked to sea ice conditions. An influence of other climatic indices was also statistically significant, but varied depending on the month.
Three‐dimensional tracking of the motion of benthic copepods in the free water and inside the transparent sediment bed of a laboratory flume
Authors: Sidler Daniel , Michalec François‐Gaël , Detert Martin , Holzner Markus
Published: October 2016

Benthic organisms in regulated rivers are exposed to sharp variations in environmental conditions. Variations in, e.g., shear stress and water temperature can result in rapid alteration in invertebrate drift. Catastrophic drift is associated with hydrodynamic thresholds. Active drift results from deliberate behaviors and occurs, e.g., in response to changes in temperature. Cyclopoid copepods constitute a substantial part of the meiobenthos. The relationships between hydraulic conditions or temperature and copepod drift, and between their behavior and drift entry, transport and exit, remain not well defined. We present a laboratory flume fitted with a transparent sediment bed that enables studying the behavior of benthic invertebrates both in the free water and inside the sediment. By means of three‐dimensional particle tracking velocimetry, we reconstructed the trajectories of many copepods (Eucyclops serrulatus) and we quantified their velocity and vertical distribution under statistically steady state flow conditions. Copepods were able to swim in the entire flume and moved readily in the sediment bed. They moved by successive jumps and often against the flow. This behavior may contribute to drift avoidance in natural streams. Copepods were preferentially found within the interstices of the sediment bed and within a narrow layer at its surface, in agreement with the epibenthic nature of this species. Our setup enables the detailed observation of fine‐scale behavioral processes that could not be approached in field studies or through theoretical approaches. It offers the opportunity to better understand the impacts of physical conditions on the behavioral processes that drive invertebrate drift in streams.
College Enrollment and Completion Among Nationally Recognized High‐Achieving Hispanic Students
Authors: Gurantz Oded , Hurwitz Michael , Smith Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Hispanic high school graduates have lower college completion rates than academically similar white students. As Hispanic students have been theorized to be more constrained in the college search and selection process, one potential policy lever is to increase the set of colleges to which these students apply and attend. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the College Board's National Hispanic Recognition Program (NHRP), which recognizes the highest‐scoring 11th‐grade Hispanic students on the PSAT/NMSQT, as a mechanism of improving college choice and completion. The program not only informs students about their relative ability, but it also enables colleges to identify, recruit, and offer enrollment incentives. Overall, we find that the program has strong effects on college attendance patterns, shifting students from two‐year to four‐year institutions, as well as to colleges that are out‐of‐state and public flagships, all areas where Hispanic attendance has lagged. NHRP shifts the geographic distribution of where students earn their degree, and increases overall bachelor's completion among Hispanic students who traditionally have had lower rates of success. These results demonstrate that college outreach can have significant impacts on the enrollment choices of Hispanic students and can serve as a policy lever for colleges looking to draw academically talented students.
Understanding Unemployment in the Era of Big Data: Policy Informed by Data‐Driven Theory
Authors: Guerrero Omar A. , López Eduardo
Published: October 2016

On one hand, unemployment is a central issue in all countries. On the other, the economic policies designed to mitigate it are usually built on theoretical grounds that are validated at an aggregate level, but have little or no validity from a micro point of view. This situation is a cause for concern because policies are designed and implemented at the level of individuals and organizations, so ignoring realistic micro‐mechanisms may lead to undesirable outcomes in the real world. Ironically, the data to inform theoretical frameworks at the micro‐level have existed in labor studies since the 1980s. However, it is only now that we count with analyti­cal methods and computational tools to take full advantage of it. In this paper, we argue that big data from administrative records, in conjunction with network science and agent‐computing models, offer new opportunities to inform theories of unemployment and improve policies. Based on previous empirical work with administrative big data, we introduce a data‐driven model of unemployment dy­namics that is validated at both the micro‐ and macro‐levels. At a first glance, validation at the micro‐level seems unnecessary since we focus on aggregate un­employment. However, by establishing a connection between our model and the ones commonly used to advice policy, we show that overlooking micro‐level validity leads to erroneous predictions with significant real‐world consequences.
Corporate Venturing in Family Business: A Developmental Approach of the Enterprising Family
Authors: Minola Tommaso , Brumana Mara , Campopiano Giovanna , Garrett Robert Paul , Cassia Lucio
Published: October 2016

Research summary

This conceptual article discusses when and why family firms are motivated to engage in entrepreneurial activities. Drawing on family development theory, we offer midrange reasoning about the impact of enterprising family dynamics—such as the birth of a child or children leaving home—on the motivation for corporate venturing and its changes over time. Moreover, our model also accounts for the contingent effect of ownership and business developmental dimensions. Finally, we predict that motivation for corporate venturing can, in turn, spur the development of the enterprising family.

Managerial summary

Overcoming the idea that family firms are either very or minimally entrepreneurial, we focus on the enterprising family and consider its development to explain the motivation toward corporate venturing. We look at the evolution of the roles and norms of family members over time and predict that motivation for venturing increases with family growth until the moment in which a succession takes place and the younger generation receives the baton. We also consider how changes in the ownership structure and business growth influence the relationship between family development and motivation for venturing. The latter, in turn, can trigger the development of the enterprising family itself, with its structure and norms. Our work, in sum, depicts the enterprising family as a springboard for repeated acts of entrepreneurship across generations. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
We Turing Machines Can’t Even Be Locally Ideal Bayesians
Authors: Mount Beau Madison ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2016

Vann McGee has argued that, given certain background assumptions and an ought-implies-can thesis about norms of rationality, Bayesianism conflicts globally with computationalism due to the fact that Robinson arithmetic is essentially undecidable. I show how to sharpen McGee’s result using an additional fact from recursion theory—the existence of a computable sequence of computable realswith an uncomputable limit (a Specker sequence). In conjunction with the countable additivity requirement on probabilities, such a sequence can be used to construct a specific proposition to which Bayesianism requires an agent to assign uncomputable credence—yielding a local conflict with computationalism.
Unified complex variable solution for the effective transport properties of composites with a doubly‐periodic array of fibers
Authors: Yan P. , Dong J.S. , Chen F.L. , Song F.
Published: October 2016

We present a complex variable method to evaluate the transverse effective transport properties of composites with a doubly‐periodic array of fibers. The obtained complex variable solution is derived in a unified form for arbitrary doubly‐periodic fiber arrays, and different fiber‐matrix interfaces, i.e., perfect interface, contact resistance interface and coating. The present method can be seen as an extension of the method originated by Rayleigh only for symmetric fiber arrays. The limitation of Rayleigh's method is overcome by introducing a supplementary equation. Explicit formulae of the effective transport properties approximated to finite orders are obtained, which are written in a regular form for different fiber arrays, and reveal the reciprocal relations for symmetric fiber arrays. The validity and accuracy of the solution are verified by numerical examples and comparisons with existing methods.
Reproductive Decision‐Making in Women with BRCA1/2 Mutations
Authors: Chan Jessica L. , Johnson Lauren N. C. , Sammel Mary D. , DiGiovanni Laura , Voong Chan , Domchek Susan M. , Gracia Clarisa R.
Published: October 2016

Expanded genetic testing of BRCA mutations has led to identification of more reproductive‐aged women who test positive for the mutation which might impact attitudes and decisions about relationships, childbearing and the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and prenatal diagnosis (PND). A cross‐sectional survey was administered to 1081 self‐reported BRCA carriers to investigate how knowledge of BRCA status influences these issues. The mean age at BRCA test disclosure was 44 years and 36 % reported a personal history of cancer. Of 163 women who were unpartnered, 21.5 % felt more pressure to get married. Of 284 women whose families were not complete, 41 % reported that carrier status impacted their decision to have biological children. Women with a history of cancer were more likely to report that knowledge of BRCA+ status impacted their decision to have a child (OR 1.8, 95 % CI 1–3.2). Fifty‐nine percent thought PGD should be offered to mutation carriers and 55.5 % thought PND should be offered. In conclusion, knowledge of BRCA status impacts attitudes regarding relationships and childbearing, and most carriers believe that PGD and PND should be offered to other carriers. This study suggests that BRCA carriers desire and would benefit from reproductive counseling after test disclosure.
The inside view of an oscillating pipe
Authors: Modarres-Sadeghi Yahya
Published: October 2016

A pipe conveying fluid is a model problem in fluid–structure interactions and nonlinear dynamics. Several experimental and theoretical studies exist on this problem and very rich nonlinear dynamics have been observed including super- and subcritical instabilities as well as various routes to chaos. Despite all the existing studies, we had not yet seen the fluid inside an oscillating pipe as the pipe undergoes different types of flow-induced instabilities. But the wait is over.
Experimental observation of gravity–capillary solitary waves generated by a moving air suction
Authors: Park Beomchan , Cho Yeunwoo
Published: October 2016

Gravity–capillary solitary waves are generated by a moving ‘air-suction’ forcing instead of a moving ‘air-blowing’ forcing. The air-suction forcing moves horizontally over the surface of deep water with speeds close to the minimum linear phase speed $c_{min}=23~\text{cm}~\text{s}^{-1}$. Three different states are observed according to forcing speeds below $c_{min}$. At relatively low speeds below $c_{min}$, small-amplitude linear circular depressions are observed, and they move steadily ahead of and along with the moving forcing. As the forcing speed increases close to $c_{min}$, however, nonlinear three-dimensional (3-D) gravity–capillary solitary waves are observed, and they move steadily ahead of and along with the moving forcing. Finally, when the forcing speed is very close to $c_{min}$, oblique shedding phenomena of 3-D gravity–capillary solitary waves are observed ahead of the moving forcing. We found that all the linear and nonlinear wave patterns generated by the air-suction forcing correspond to those generated by the air-blowing forcing. The main difference is that 3-D gravity–capillary solitary waves are observed ‘ahead of’ the air-suction forcing whereas the same waves are observed ‘behind’ the air-blowing forcing.
Crossflow instability in a hypersonic boundary layer
Authors: Craig Stuart A. , Saric William S.
Published: October 2016

The crossflow instability in a hypersonic, laminar boundary layer is investigated using point measurements inside the boundary layer for the first time. Experiments are performed on a 7° right, circular cone with an adiabatic wall condition at 5.6° angle of incidence in the low-disturbance Mach 6 Quiet Tunnel at Texas A&M University. Measurements are made with a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer system with a frequency response up to 180 kHz. Stationary crossflow waves are observed to grow and saturate. A travelling wave coexists with the stationary wave and occurs in a frequency band centred around 35 kHz. A type-I secondary instability is also observed in a frequency band centred around 110 kHz. The behaviour of all three modes is largely consistent with their low-speed counterparts prior to saturation of the stationary wave. Afterward, the behaviour remains in partial agreement with the low-speed case. Neither type-II secondary instability nor transition to turbulence are observed in this study.
Was C.B. Macpherson a Crypto Philosopher?
Authors: Cunningham Frank
Published: October 2016

Phillip Hansen's book,Reconsidering C.B. Macpherson: From Possessive Individualism to Democratic Theory and Beyond(2015) arrives when revival of the thought of one of Canada's most original and influential political theorists is to be welcomed. Macpherson's critiques of market-dominated society and culture are even more apt in an era of free trade and neo-liberalism than in his own times. More than a summary of Macpherson's views, Hansen's book offers an original reading of him as a philosopher. This review raises questions about the accuracy and usefulness of such a reading.
Final Thoughts: Rejoinder to Phillip Hansen
Authors: Cunningham Frank
Published: October 2016

As I use the term, philosophy is critical thinking about fundamental matters, where “critical” includes identifying and evaluating justifications for beliefs about fundamental matters or proposing and defending such justifications. Like the notion of philosophy itself, what counts as fundamental is also contestable, but Phillip Hansen's characterization of its being “about how humans ought to live, about what is good for them” is an apt example. Macpherson certainly does attend to this and similar topics and he castigates his contemporary political scientists for neglecting them.
Les politiques publiques comme phénomènes hégémoniques : L'exemple des politiques agro-environnementales en Europe
Authors: Ansaloni Matthieu
Published: October 2016

Cet article suggère de saisir les politiques publiques comme le fruit de phénomènes hégémoniques. Cette perspective appréhende la transmission des cadres d'interprétation comme étant un phénomène intrinsèquement conflictuel. Ce faisant, nous espérons dépasser une difficulté commune aux études qui mettent l'accent sur les idées et les discours : le fait de négliger les luttes cognitives et symboliques que livrent des acteurs aux positions asymétriques, donc les conflits qui les opposent. Nous suggérons de penser l'hégémonie à la lumière des débats sur les affaires publiques, après quoi nous illustrons cette perspective à partir de l'exemple des politiques agro-environnementales anglaise, française et hongroise. La perspective proposée dans cet article permet, de manière générale, de jeter un regard original sur la production de l'ordre politique.