bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lasten näkökulma yhteisöistä tehdyissä tutkimuksissa – kartoittava kirjallisuuskatsaus
Authors: Peltola Antonina , Kangas Jonna
Published: April 2023

Lasten sosiaalisia suhteita on tutkittu paljon ja viime vuosina tutkimusta on tehty yhä enemmän lasten näkökulmasta. Kuitenkin tutkimusta yhteisöistä on tehty huomattavan vähän erityisesti nuorimpien lasten kokemuksista. Tämän kartoittavan kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena on selvittää, millä tavoin lasten näkökulma näkyy aiemmissa yhteisöistä tehdyissä tutkimuksissa sekä miten aihetta on aiemmin tutkittu. Katsauksella selvitetään, mitä lapset yhteisöistään kertovat sekä millaiset asiat ovat heille merkityksellisiä. Tutkimuksessa on mukana 24 tutkimusartikkelia, jotka kaikki tarkastelevat lasten moninaisia yhteisöjä lasten kokemuksista lähtöisin. Lasten näkemyksistä tunnistettiin kolme ulottuvuutta: ihmiset, paikat ja kokemukset. Tutkimuksen tuloksina esitetään, että lasten käsitykset yhteisöistä ovat moniulotteisia ja vastaavat yhteisöjen määritelmiä kuvaavia tutkimuksia. Jo hyvin pienillä lapsilla on käsityksiä ja toiveita koskien yhteisöjä, joissa elävät ja vaikuttavat. Tämä on tärkeä ottaa huomioon varhaiskasvatuksen kehittämisessä ja toteutuksessa.
THE EFFECT OF USING AUTHENTIC AUDIO AND VIDEO MATERIALS ON THE SPEAKING FLUENCY OF AUDITORY AND VISUAL IRANIAN LEARNERS
Authors: Mahmoudi Nassim , Tasnimi Mahshad
Published: April 2023

When we talk about learning a second language, we internationally think of conversing with speakers of other languages. This means that speaking is seen as the prime purpose of language learning. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of authentic auditory and visual materials on speaking fluency of Iranian EFL learners with auditory and visual styles of learning. The quasi-experimental design consisted of 60 Iranian EFL language learners divided into two groups of visual style and auditory style. A questionnaire on perceptual learning styles and a speaking fluency test were used to collect the data. Students with visual style received authentic visual materials and students with auditory style received authentic audio materials. The obtained data was analyzed by employing paired and independent samples t-test. The results of the study indicated that both groups of students significantly progressed in speaking fluency suggesting the positive effect of authentic visual materials on students with visual preferences and the positive effect of authentic audio materials on students with audio preferences. Moreover, both types of materials had equal effects on the participants of the study. The findings suggest that providing instruction that is congruent with students’ learning styles and the use of authentic materials appear to improve speaking fluency.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON SOCIAL SPORTS MARKETING
Authors: Koyluoglu A.Selcuk
Published: April 2023

In the study, the impact of personality traits on social marketing of sport was investigated.  A total of 401 students who continue their education and training in different departments voluntarily participated in the study. The e-survey method prepared in the internet environment was applied as a data collection technique in the research.  Two scales were used in the application. The personality scale developed by(Benet-Martínez & John, 1998). and adapted into Turkish by (Sümer & Sümer, 2005). was used.  Secondly, the “Attitude Scale on Social Marketing of Sports” developed by (Ünal, 2009). was used in the study. There is a high level of positive relationship between satisfaction. However, this relationship is not statistically significant (R: ,074 , R2: ,006 ,   p < 0,05).  According to the results of the T- test on the significance of the regression coefficient, it is seen that personality traits do not have a significant effect (T ፦1,486, p < 0.05).   Examining the impact of personality characteristics in the social aspect of this type of marketing, which targets large audiences such as sports marketing, especially for companies involved in this sector and, of course, is great for clubs is of great importance. Because, companies should pay attention to this detail in their next strategic moves in this area. Future studies can be applied on businesses. Different dimensions of personality traits can be considered. Social sports marketing can be evaluated in the context of product mix. And this evaluation can be constructed both in terms of consumers (fans). and businesses.
NARRATIVA HISTORIOGRÁFICA: A ARTE DA PALAVRA AO CONTAR UMA HISTÓRIA
Authors: De Oliveira Ronald Lopes
Published: April 2023

O texto propõe fundamentações teóricas aproximativas para que a escrita da História seja criação textual e, a partir disso, categorizada como gênero literário. No entanto, é preciso assegurar a crítica das fontes, com vistas à algum tipo de análise científica e reconstrução do passado. O percurso do texto objetivou reivindicar para a escrita da História o duplo estatuto de realidade e ficção imputando sentido ao texto
Lexical Verb(s) of Hedging Used by The White House Secretary’s Responses in Press Briefing
Authors: Husna Humairotul , Masrukhi Mohammad
Published: April 2023

The study aims to investigate the lexical verbs of hedging used by two White House secretaries in press briefings, namely Jen Psaki (JP) and Karine Jean Pierre (KJP). The research focuses on the secretary's response in answering the question made by journalists. The corpus consisting of 22 press briefing meetings published from November 2021 to August 2022. The study identifies the most used lexical verbs by the two secretaries through quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis to describe their functions. As a result, the use of hedging verbs is more widely used by secretary Jen Psaki than secretary Karine Jean Pierre. Nevertheless, both used many verbs in the form of think in their responses. The findings reveal the uncertainty and reduce the secretary’s commitment. Besides, the function of hedging is to protect secretaries from forward-looking statements and seek protection against overstatement.
Increasing Learning Achievement of Class IV Students in Social Subject About Nature’s Appearance of Using Interactive Learning Models
Authors: Mulyati Sri
Published: April 2023

In the teaching and learning process, teachers become the main actors in creating educational interactive situations, namely interactions between teachers and students, students with students and learning resources in supporting the achievement of learning goals. Social studies as one of the fields of study that has the aim of equipping students to develop their reasoning in addition to aspects of values and morals, contains a lot of memorized social material so that the knowledge and information received by students is limited to memorized products. The purpose of this study is to determine the application of learning improvement actions implemented based on the principles of PTK aims as follows: the use of interactive learning models in material about the appearance of nature can improve the learning achievement of grade IV students of SDN Pondok Kacang Timur 03. This research uses qualitative methods with a classroom action research approach. Classroom action research (PTK) is one form of qualitative research. The results showed that from Cycle 1 to Cycle 2 regarding the use of interactive learning models, the author can conclude that; (1) by using interactive learning, it turns out to be able to increase the learning achievement of grade IV students of SD N Pondok Kacang Timur 04 on material about the appearance of nature, and (2) through interactive learning, students can be more active in learning activities, especially in social studies subjects
Efforts to Improve Learning Quality for Civil Study on Unity in Diversity Through the Team Game Tournament (TGT) Method in Class IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Nawiyah Nawiyah
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the srudy are; (1) to describe the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, and (2) to determine the improvement in the quality of learning through TGT Model. This research method is qualitative. It was found that 1) student test results in cycle I meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 55.42 with a completeness percentage of 25%, cycle I meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 63.33 with a completeness percentage of 38%, cycle II meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 72.50 with a completeness percentage of 54%, cycle II meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 85.83 with a completeness percentage of 100%,  shows a significant increase in achievement. 2) The application of cooperative learning through TGT can improve the quality of student civic education learning outcomes. The average score of students' test results each cycle has increased. In cycle I meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 55.42 with a completeness percentage of 25%, cycle I meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 63.33 with a completeness percentage of 38%, cycle II meeting 1 obtained an average student test result of 72.50 with a completeness percentage of 54%, cycle II meeting 2 obtained an average student test result of 85.83 with a completeness percentage of 100%,  shows a significant increase in achievement.
Improving Science Learning Achievement about Various Types of Objects Through Experimental Methods in Class IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Sutinah Sutinah
Published: April 2023

This research is a Classroom Action Research which was conducted in class IV of SD Negeri Setiadarma 04, Tambun Selatan District, Bekasi Regency. The purpose of the study is to improve science learning achievement about various forms of objects in grade IV students of SD Negeri Pondok Kacang Timur 03 Semester 1 of 2015/2016 through experimental methods.The use of the experimental model can improve student learning outcomes in science subjects, the subject of various material forms for class IV semester I, SD Negeri Setiadarma 04, Tambun Selatan District, Bekasi Regency, in the 2015/2016 academic year, this is indicated by an increase in learning outcomes, namely the learning process before the action shows low learning outcomes, namely students whose grades met the KKM as many as 13 students or 37%, students who had not completed 21 students or 61% with the highest score of 90 and the lowest score of 40. In cycle I the number of students who completed 21 students or 61% while those who had not completed 13 students or 39%. The minimum score is 50 and the maximum score is 90. In cycle II there is an increase in learning outcomes, namely the number of students' completeness is 32 students or 94%. Minimum score of 70 and maximum value of 100. Thus it can be concluded that using the experimental method can improve student learning outcomes in science subjects.
Exploring The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in Detecting Malware and Improving Cybersecurity in Computer Networks
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin , Maulani Isma Elan , Herdianto Tedi , Laksana Medika Oga , Syawaludin Dwi Febri
Published: April 2023

Malware, in particular, has been identified as a major cy-bersecurity challenge due to its ability to infiltrate computer networks, steal sensi-tive data, and cause major damage to computer systems. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of artificial in-telligence in detecting malware and improving cybersecurity in computer net-works. Success rate in detecting and preventing malware attacks on computer networks using AI-based methods. The time it takes to detect and prevent malware attacks on computer net-works using AI-based cyber protection methods. Furthermore, the selection of two types of malware that are often found on computer networks, namely Trojans and Worms, and data sampling was then test-ed on a simulation system. In this study, three different AI techniques were applied, namely Support Vector Machine, Neural Network , and Decision Tree to detect malware on computer networks.
Quality Education Efforts during COVID 19 Pandemic Growth Mindset
Authors: Supriani Yani
Published: April 2023

During the Covid 19 pandemic, students had low motivation and enthusiasm because they were not ready to face the various difficulties caused by the pandemic. Students who have a growth mindset will have an impact on efforts to build quality education, especially during the Covid 19 pandemic and studies on growth mindset in the scope of education in Indonesia are still limited. The purpose of this research is to foster a growth mindset in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goals in the form of efforts to build quality education during the Covid 19 pandemic. This research method uses the literature study method (research results review). The growth mindset has a very important role in building strong student personalities during the learning process during the Covid 19 pandemic. The quality of education has a major influence on other fields, and by having a growth mindset the younger generation can help the community and provide positive enthusiasm to face any situation, at any time, and to anyone. The slightest participation from youth who have a growth mindset will be able to bring about this change. From this study it resulted that a growth mindset can realize the achievement of the SDGs goals in the form of quality education efforts during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Objects To Relate With
Authors: Holflod Kim
Published: April 2023

This research article examines the playful learning experiences of higher education students co-creating and playing with objects in interprofessional education and collaboration. The article draws on two design-based research studies, and the analysis investigates how Danish teacher education and social education students experience meaningful collaboration through new communicative strategies situated in shared social spaces for learning. In the collaborative and playful learning experiments, the students co-create interpersonal and playful objects that become evocative boundary objects connecting the participants across professional educations. Lastly, the analysis addresses challenges in adults re-learning to play, legitimising playful learning approaches in higher education and the barriers to connecting across educational boundaries. In the discussion, I develop the concept of ‘objects-to-relate-with’ and further reflect on the pedagogical potentials and challenges along with the situational constraints of time and culture in higher education playful learning.
A word in your ear: What do podcasters’ experiences tell us about creating podcasts for professional development?
Authors: Collins Michael , Secker Jane , Morrison Chris , Childs Mark
Published: April 2023

Podcasting by practitioners in Higher Education to support the development of peers is becoming more popular and yet, unlike its use in learning and assessment, remains little researched. This paper identifies some of the reasons that bring HE practitioners to podcast for professional development, some techniques and suggestions for making successful podcasts, and what the essential characteristics are of the medium that leads to podcasting being an effective tool for professional development. The discussion cites extensive quotes from interviews with creators of four podcasts aimed at HE practitioners, in order to give a rich account of the experiences of podcasting.
Academic staff mentoring as a correlate of job performance among new entrants in HEI
Authors:   Chief Lecturer, Federal College of Education (Technical),  Umunze (in Affiliation with Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Nigeria, Ekemezie Cecilia Amuche , Agama Adoga Matthew ,   Lecturer, Federal College of Education (Technical),  Umunze (in Affiliation with Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka-Nigeria
Published: April 2023

This study is motivated primarily by an emerging trend observed in the Nigerian HEIs i.e., the changing workforce demographics, with its attendant consequences on educational standards. Considering the available evidences supporting the influence of mentoring on job performance in other sectors, these researchers found it worthwhile to investigate the mentoring practices in Nigerian HEIs to ascertain the relationship between mentoring and job performance of newly employed academic staff. The objectives of the study are: (1) determine the current mentoring practices in Nigerian HEIs; (2) ascertain the relationship between academic staff mentoring and job performance (proxied by task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior) of newly employed academic staffs; and (3) determine the most appealing and effective mentoring strategies for optimizing the job performance of newly employed academic staffs. Given the objective of the study, –to ascertain the relationship between mentoring and job performance of newly employed academic staff– a correlational research design was employed in the study. A sample of 60 academic staff was drawn from a population of 182 newly employed academic staff of the Federal College of Education (Technical) Umunze. Mentoring was found to be significantly (and positively) correlated with task performance and contextual performance of newly employed academic staffs, whereas the relationship between mentoring and counterproductive work behavior was not significant. Other interesting findings from the descriptive statistics tests are also reported. Among the recommendations put forward is the need to establish a formal mentoring programme as part of the integration process of newly employed academic staff in the higher educational institutions in Nigeria.
Awareness and utilization of emergency contraceptives among female nursing students at KIU, western campus, Bushenyi District
Authors:   School of Nursing Sciences, Kampala International University-western campus, Ishaka, Uganda., Marion Itungo,
Published: April 2023

Emergency contraception is used as an emergency procedure to prevent unintended pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse and method failure. This study assessed knowledge and utilization of emergency contraception among certificate female nursing students of Kampala International University, western campus. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among female nursing students of Kampala International University in August 2016. Participants were sampled using systematic sampling technique. Pre-tested, self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft excel programme. Results were presented using descriptive statistics, frequencies and percentages. A total of ninety-six (96) volunteered certificate nursing female students participated in the study. Seventy-six (79%) of the female certificate nursing students ever heard of emergency contraceptives (EC), only 8(11%) used/or ever used the method. The commonest source of information was formal health education (71%). EC are indicated in preventing pregnancy post rape (29%), failure of barrier method (24%), missing of oral contraceptives (20%); and should be initiated within 24 hours (43.4%). In addition, students knew that ECs do not terminate pregnancy if the woman is already pregnant (68%), are available not only by prescription (74%), effective when taken immediately (50%) and do not protect and prevent STD (88%). The present study shows that knowledge of emergency contraceptives among certificate female nursing students of Kampala International University is high though utilization of the method is still very low despite some having unintended pregnancies. Evidently, there is a need for carefully designed educational programmes and promotion of EC in student health care centers in the campus. Keywords: Emergency Contraceptives, unintended pregnancy, Bushenyi District, oral contraceptives.
Evaluation of factors that contributes to post-partum haemorrhage in Pregnant Women at KIU-TH
Authors:   Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, Martha Piranok, Jilda
Published: April 2023

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the world’s leading cause of maternal death and accounts for an estimated 127,000 deaths each year. Identification of some of the risk factors such as; previous postpartum haemorrhage, multiple pregnancies, macrosomia, induction of labour, operative vaginal deliveries and cesarean section would help in preventing PPH. The aim of this research was to assess the factors contributing to postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among pregnant women who attend delivery services in Kampala International University Teaching Hospital (KIU-TH). This study used a crosssectional descriptive design where by a cross-section of respondents involving 68 respondents were sampled to represent the target population, in these case women who received maternity service from KIU-TH. Only quantitative methods of data collection using questionnaires with closed ended questions were employed for both mothers and health workers. During the study period, 58 women who delivered in the unit and 20 women developed postpartum haemorrhage giving the frequency of postpartum haemorrhage 34.6%. The majority of the women 30% were between 30-34 years of age. Among the women who developed PPH retained placental tissues was the most common cause 50% followed by uterine atony which was 30%. The rest of the causes of PPH were laceration 20%. Postpartum haemorrhage is still a leading but preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in our country due to underutilization of health facilities, the major cause is retained placental tissues followed by uterine atony. Keywords: post-partum haemorrhage, pregnant women, delivering, Uganda
Evaluation of infection control at Butiru Chrisco Hospital in Manafwa District, Eastern Uganda
Authors:   School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University-western campus, Ishaka, Uganda., Derick Mungoma,
Published: April 2023

Infection prevention and control is important for the improvement of quality care in hospital. This study aimed to identify risk associated with infection control, and to determine which infection control measures are available at Butiru Chrisco hospital and how these measures are put to use by the staff working in the hospital. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Butiru Chrisco hospital in Manafwa District. The study involved 100 respondents who were staff employed by Butiru Chrisco hospital. With different educational standards, awareness of infection control was assessed through a structured questionnaire that was administered to those who consented to participate. Random sampling was done on 10 staff, this helped correct the questionnaire making it suitable for the study but the results were not included in this study. The study revealed that out of 100 respondents, 72(72%) were nurses, 60(60%) were females and 78(78%) had been employed by the hospital for less than four years. Half 50(50%) revealed that airborne infections are the commonest infections in the hospital. The study also reveals that more than 80% reported positive response to infection control tasks with 80(80%) agreeing that practice of infection control reduces likelihood of infection spread to patients. From the study, it was concluded that, there is moderate awareness of infection control with more than half of the respondents having positive ideas about infection control and use of available measures like glove, apron, and hand washing. However, practice and compliance with standard precautions was less than optimal. The researcher recommends continuous health visits by ministry of health (MOH) of Uganda to the hospital and evaluation of the practices to ensure that the health workers practice infection control following the standard guidelines. Also, hand washing or use of hand sanitizers with alcohol or other antiseptics as a measure of disinfecting the hands before or after handling a patient is encouraged. Keywords: Infection, health workers, hand washing, Manafwa District
Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management in Kapchorwa Town Council, Kapchorwa District
Authors:   School of Allied Health Science Kampala International University, Uganda., Allan Cherotich
Published: April 2023

The problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a major problem in the upper areas of developing countries. In Uganda, the menace of urban waste has further been worsened by the increasing population. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices about SWM within the Kapchorwa Town Council (KTC) Kapchorwa district in eastern Uganda. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and waste characteristics, collection, disposal, stakeholder roles, and waste management responsibilities were analyzed. Results indicate that waste is predominantly biodegradable (66%) and generated mainly within households, with no proper collection rate disposed of, crude dumping was the major means of disposal used (72.5%). The council is under capacity to handle waste management demands and their services are poor or nonexistent which has led to the use of crude dumping which has risk health. The strategy for solid waste management is failing because the community members are not cooperative. In conclusion, waste management practices in KTC are poor and they reflect a gap in knowledge about effective waste management within KTC, community members should be regularly educated on the link between improper solid waste management and disease outbreaks and the safe SWM practices such as reuse and recycling. Keywords: Waste management, Kapchorwa district, urban waste, disease outbreaks
Antibiotic resistance and Virulence Genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in southwest, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria., Akindele Akeem Abiodun , Omoloye Victoria Olanike, ,   1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria., Ojedele Richard Olulowo ,   Genomics and Sequencing Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC), Nigeria., Obeagu *Emmanuel Ifeanyi ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, Hassan Abdulwasiu Oladele ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria
Published: April 2023

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes various hospital- acquired and community-acquired infections. It has been reported that the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa are difficult to treat because of their virulence factors and antibiotics resistances. The aim of present study was to screen the antibiotic resistance patterns and the prevalence of virulence factor genes in a set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Ogbomoso, and to determine whether a correlation exists between the prevalence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa. A total of 100 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from various types of clinical specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-bauer method. In addition, PCR assays were used for screening four virulence encoding genes (OPRL, LasB, PLCH and ToxA). The results showed that OPRL (79%) and LasB (62%) were the most frequent virulence genes in P. aeruginosa strains, followed by PLCH (41%) and ToxA (35%). The highest resistance was detected towards Piperacillin (42%) and Tetracycline (42%). Moderate rate of resistance (12-39%) were detected towards the other antibiotics. The virulent factors identified in this study provide valuable information regarding the prevalence of resistance genes of P. aeruginosa isolates in Ogbomoso, Nigeria and their potential impact on treatments that exploit the unique physiology of the pathogen. This will be useful for the health workers to improve infection control measures and to establish a surveillance system. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Bacterial Meningitis in Paediatrics: A Review
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda, Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Mohamed Sowdo Abdirizak ,   Department of Pediatrics, Kampala International University, Uganda., Ugwu Okechukwu Paul-Chima ,   Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Uganda., Obeagu Getrude Uzoma ,   Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda., Umoke Chukwunalu Igbudu ,   Department of Human Anatomy, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Published: April 2023

Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by infection or inflammation of the central nervous system. It is classified as bacterial, viral, or aseptic. Delayed or untreated bacterial meningitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is important to accurately distinguish between bacterial and nonbacterial meningitis. Most physicians will perform a lumbar puncture and consider antibiotics for all infants and children with suspected meningitis. Having a clinical prediction rule to determine the need for lumbar puncture and which patients need antibiotics could reduce morbidity and the cost associated with unnecessary procedures and treatment. Several clinical prediction rules to determine the risk of bacterial meningitis have been proposed. One clinical prediction rule, derived and validated from cohorts seen in pediatric hospitals in the Netherlands, found that altered consciousness, meningeal irritation, cyanosis, petechiae, vomiting, duration of main symptom, and an elevated C-reactive protein and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate level were independent predictors of bacterial meningitis. Patients below a predefined threshold on a risk score incorporating these elements could be safely considered as not having bacterial meningitis. Keywords: Bacteria, Meningitis, petechiae, C - reactive protein, pediatrics, ESR
Evaluation factors contributing to the treatment default by tuberculosis patients at ART Clinic in Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District, Uganda.
Authors:   Department of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda., Lilian Munyambabazi,
Published: April 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest public health problem and now ranks alongside Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as the world’s leading infectious cause of death. Globally, patient compliance with anti-TB therapy estimated as low as 40% in developing countries, remains the principle cause of treatment failure. The aim of this study was to establish the factors contributing to treatment default by Tuberculosis patients at ART clinic in Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District. A cross-sectional and descriptive study which employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data collection were used. The study was conducted in ART clinic at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District and it took a period of four weeks. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Results showed that out of 38 study participants, majority 26 (68%) were of age 30 years and above. A large proportion 24 (63%) of the participants were unemployed compared to the least 14 (37%) who were employed. Majority 21 (55%) travel at a distance of 10km and above to get TB treatment. Out of 38 participants, majority 26 (68%) did not informed the family or friends when they were on TB treatment. Of 26 participants 16 (61.5%) had fear of being isolated and 2 (7.7%) were other reason of no support. A large proportion of participants rated the attitude of staff who attended to them at the health facility to be unfriendly with 21 (55%) while very few 6 (16%) were rude. The ministry should ensure availability of and access to resources for strengthening systems for delivery of quality tuberculosis treatment, prevention and control. Keywords: treatment, default, tuberculosis, ART, Uganda
SAVREMENA SOFTVERSKA RJEŠENJA ZA MODELOVANJE I SIMULACIJE U SAOBRAĆAJU I LOGISTICI
Authors: Aleksić Stojan , Blagojević Gordana
Published: April 2023

Kada termin simulacija koriste računarski stručnjaci, organizatori, menadžeri ili statističari, obično pod simulacijom podrazumijevaju proces izgradnje apstraktnih modela za neke sisteme ili podsisteme realnog svijeta i obavljanje većeg broja eksperimenata nad njima. Modeliranje predstavlja proces koji uspostavlja veze između realnog sistema i modela, dok simulacija predstavlja proces koji uspostavlja veze između modela i računara. Proces simulacije uzima model koji je nastao u procesu modeliranja, unosi potrebne ulaze, stvara simulacijski model za softverski program koji koristimo te vrši eksperimentisanje na njemu. Danas se u procesu planiranja, optimizacije i vještačenja u saobraćaju upotrebljavaju visoko sofisticirani softveri. U radu je dat pregled najvažnijih softvera u oblasti saobraćaja i logistike koji su danas u upotrebi.
GLOBALIZACIJA I NJEN UTICAJ NA MEĐUNARODNI BIZNIS I MENADŽMENT
Authors: Ćosic Idriz
Published: April 2023

Ako bismo izabrali jedan pojam koji simbolizuje duh današnjeg vremena to bi bio pojam globalizacije. Riječ koja samo par decenija ranije gotovo da nije imala mjesto u akademskim redovima ili medijima, postala je nezaobilazna. „Globalisation“, „Mondalisation“, „Globalizacion“, „Globalisierung“ – riječ koja je došla gotovo niotkuda, danas kruži svuda, obilježavajući najmoćniju silu koja oblikuje život savremenog svijeta. Globalni poredak još jučer djelovao je tako daleko i tuđe kao da se zbiva u nekom drugom svijetu, kao da se dešava nekim drugim ljudima. Već danas on postaje nova sudbina, sila koja pokreće nevidljive konce našeg svakodnevnog života. Međunarodna ekonomija je danas neuporedivo više integrisana u odnose na ranije. Globalna ekonomska integracija je veća i kompleksnija nego ikada u dosadašnjoj svjetskoj historiji. Već više vijekova se u transportu i komunikacijama manifestira fenomen globalizacije. Upravo u ovom radu bit će govora o pojedinim segmentima globalizacije s akcentom na ekonomsku.
ULOGA NASTAVNIKA U RADU S NADARENIM UČENICIMA
Authors: Mijatović Marko , Blagojević Vedrana
Published: April 2023

U radu se uz navođenje različite definicije darovitosti, navode karakteristike darovite djece, te uloga nastavnika u identifikaciji darovitih učenika. U daljnjem dijelu rada opisuje se vidljivost darovitosti te navode instrumenti za uočavanje darovitosti kod djece. Zatim se govori o ulozi roditelja prema darovitosti kod djece, odnosno roditelja prema toj djeci. Zaključak autora je da nije uvijek lako prepoznati nadarene učenike, bez obzira o educiranosti učitelja. Međutim, najvažnije je da učitelj ima znanje i kompetencije koje će mu pomoći prepoznati nadarenog učenika i koji će svojim neposrednim radom i podrškom nadarenom učeniku omogućiti da vezuje svoj potencijal.
AUTONOMNO UČENJE I STRATEGIJE UČENJA U NASTAVI NJEMAČKOG JEZIKA
Authors: Milutinović Nataša
Published: April 2023

Autonomno učenje je danas veoma aktuelna tema kada se govori o učenju stranih jezika i usko je povezana sa strategijama učenja. U ovom radu su opisane različite definicije i karakteristike autonomnog učenja, kao i strategije učenja koje se koriste u nastavi njemačkog jezika. Pravilno korištenje strategija učenja doprinosi razvoju autonomnog učenja i samim tim se razvija i princip cjeloživotnog učenja. Zadatak nastavnika je da razvija i pomaže učenicima na putu ka autonomnom učenju, pri čemu se određene kompetencije uvježbavaju u nastavi stranog jezika. Na taj način učenici mogu i poslije samostalno da uče, jer se samostalno učenje po pravilu može uvježbati. Samostalno učenje je usko povezano i sa motivacijom, jer motivisani učenici u većini slučajeva umiju samostalno da uče.
Investigation of the Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity of Snow Thickness at the Meteorological Site of the Lomonosov MSU in the Winter of 2022/2023
Authors: Frolov Denis Maksimovich , Seliverstov Yurii Germanovich , Sokratov Sergei Al'fredovich , Koshurnikov Andrei Viktorovich , Gagarin Vladimir Evgen'evich , Nikolaeva Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: April 2023

This paper presents the results of field studies conducted at the MSU meteorological site for the winter period of 2022/2023. The purpose of the observations was to study the development of the snow column and its spatial variability in one winter season. Field research consisted of analyzing stratigraphic layers of snow and measuring their density. The data obtained made it possible to characterize and evaluate changes in snow layers, structure, and density in spatiotemporal terms. The results of the work are displayed on the graphs of the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover for 2022/2023. The evolution of the snow column over the winter period is analyzed. The analysis of observations reflects a high spatial and temporal variability of snow cover in winter, which allows not only to evaluate and compare the data obtained with past studies but also to supplement and improve the already available information on the heterogeneity of snow cover.
The future of Russian federalism in the context of relations between Russia and partially recognized and unrecognized states of the post-Soviet space
Authors: Bdoyan David , Suslin Sergei
Published: April 2023

The object of the study is the future of Russian federalism in the context of the possible inclusion of new subjects into the Russian Federation. The subject of this research is the probability of the Republic of South Ossetia, the Republic of Abkhazia, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic becoming parts of Russia. The analysis is carried out through examining the history of the formation of the objects of research, their relationship with Russia and the comments of public administration officials on the prospects of these relationships. This research is relevant because of global transformation processes brought about by Russia’s special military operation. The scientific novelty of the work is proved by the absence of a comprehensive analysis of potential integration processes between the Russian Federation and the members of the partially recognized and unrecognized states of the post-Soviet space, caused by the aggravation of the international political situation. Based on the results of the analysis, different approaches to potential integration processes have been developed, among them are: Republics becoming a part of the Russian Federation following a referendum, the creation of a supranational entity or inclusion of the aforementioned state entities into an existing one. Following the executed analysis, the authors came to the conclusion that currently the most optimal form of unification, taking Russian interests and the foreign policy situation into account, is the entry of some of these states into a joint supranational entity with Russia, following the example of the Union State of Russia and Belarus.
Experimental study on levitation control of particles and liquid droplets by vortex acoustic field enhanced by subwavelength pipe
Authors: Chen Cong , Zhang Ruo-Qin , Li Feng , Li Zhi-Yuan ,   School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China,   State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China,   School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100089, China
Published: April 2023

The nonlinear propagation of acoustic waves in a medium generates acoustic radiation force. Using acoustic radiation force, particles and liquid droplets in gases can be levitated and manipulated. Acoustic levitation techniques can manipulate larger objects in the medium without contact, and therefore have been widely used in chemical analysis, droplet dynamics, and bioreactors. The acoustic levitation researches mainly focus on manipulating particles and droplets in an open environment, which provides flexibility in its use. However, this approach has limitations in terms of its efficiency in utilizing acoustic field energy. In this work we propose a concept of subwavelength pipe-enhanced acoustic tweezers, in which the acoustic field is used to manipulate expanded polystyrene particles (EPS) and droplets inside an acoustic pipe with an inner diameter smaller than the wavelength. In this work, we use four small transducers to excite a single low-order mode of a circular waveguide and its simplex state, and we also use the vortex sound field generated inside the waveguide to levitate and manipulate expanded polystyrene particle and droplet in the air. Compared with previous work in an open environment, we significantly enhance the acoustic radiation force by means of the acoustic resonance effect of the subwavelength duct, with both radial and axial suspension force magnitude increasing considerably. Similar concepts of subwavelength optical waveguides and resonant cavities and their effectiveness were already well known and widely used in the field of optics. In this work we first explain theoretically the basis for the design of subwavelength pipe-enhanced acoustic tweezer dimensions. Then, we point out in simulation that the pipe-enhanced acoustic tweezers, compared with the open environment acoustic tweezers, have strong sound field gradient distribution and acoustic radiation force distribution in the pipe. This conclusion is demonstrated experimentally. Finally, the manipulation of droplet and particle levitation and rotation in subwavelength-pipe-enhanced acoustic tweezers is systematically carried out. In this work we introduce the concept of subwavelength acoustic pipe for acoustic manipulation, which is expected to deepen the physical understanding of the interaction between acoustic fields and matter, and to develop new miniaturized acoustic manipulation devices for levitating particles and droplets.
Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
Authors: Pop Victor J. , Kuijpens Johannes L. , van Baar Anneloes L. , Verkerk Gerda , van Son Maarten M. , de Vijlder Jan J. , Vulsma Thomas , Wiersinga Wilmar M. , Drexhage Hemmo A. , Vader Huib L.
Published: July 2002

BACKGROUND

Maternal thyroid function during early pregnancy is an important determinant of early fetal brain development because the fetal thyroid is unable to produce any T4 before 12–14 weeks' gestation. Overt maternal hypothyroidism as seen in severe iodine‐deficient areas is associated with severely impaired neurological development of the offspring. At present, it is not known whether low free T4 (fT4) levels during pregnancy in healthy women from iodine sufficient areas may affect fetal neurodevelopment.

METHODS

Neurodevelopment was assessed at 10 months of age in a cohort of 220 healthy children, born after uncomplicated pregnancies and deliveries, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Maternal TSH, fT4 and TPO antibody status were assessed at 12 and 32 weeks' gestation. Maternal gestational fT4 concentration was defined as an independent parameter for child development.

RESULTS

Children of women with fT4 levels below the 5th (<9.8 pmol/l, n = 11) and 10th (<10.4 pmol/l, n = 22) percentiles at 12 weeks' gestation had significantly lower scores on the Bayley Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) scale at 10 months of age, compared to children of mothers with higher fT4 values (t test, mean difference: 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9–22 and 7.4, 95% CI: 1.1–13.9, respectively). At 32 weeks' gestation, no significant differences were found. In the group of women with the lowest 10th percentile fT4 concentrations at 12 weeks' gestation, a positive correlation was found between the mothers' fT4 concentration and children's PDI scores (linear regression, R: 0.46, P = 0.03). After correction for confounding variables, a fT4 concentration below the 10th percentile at 12 weeks' gestation was a significant risk factor for impaired psychomotor development (RR): 5.8, 95% CI: 1.3–12.6).

CONCLUSIONS

Low maternal plasma fT4 concentrations during early pregnancy may be an important risk factor for impaired infant development.
Low-loss substrate for microwave application of high-temperature superconductor films
Authors: Brown R. , Pendrick V. , Kalokitis D. , Chai B. H. T.
Published: July 2002

We have shown that strontium lanthanum aluminate (SrLaAlO4) has considerable potential as a substrate material for high-temperature superconductor (high Tc) microwave applications. Excellent lattice match is obtainable on a 14° tilt from the c axis. The lattice dimensions encourage ab plane epitaxial growth. The thermal expansion was found to be 7.4×10−6 °C−1. Patterned sputtered niobium resonators on SrLaAlO4 exhibit Q values at 5 K comparable to similar niobium resonators on polycrystalline alumina, (Q≳10 000 from 2 to 15 GHz). Deposited YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films on this substrate show sharp ac susceptibility transitions indicating good homogeneity and ab plane orientation.
Porous silicon formation: A quantum wire effect
Authors: Lehmann V. , Gösele U.
Published: July 2002

Porous silicon layers grown on nondegenerated p-type silicon electrodes in hydrofluoric acid electrolytes are translucent for visible light, which is equivalent to an increased band gap compared to bulk silicon. It will be shown that a two-dimensional quantum confinement (quantum wire) in the very narrow walls between the pores not only explains the change in band-gap energy but may also be the key to better understanding the dissolution mechanism that leads to porous silicon formation.
Continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers from a preform
Authors: Zheng Haixing , Hu Yi , Mackenzie J. D.
Published: July 2002

Several issues related to drawing Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers from a preform are discussed. Continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers was successfully accomplished. Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers are drawn above the crystallization temperature. Minimizing crystallization of the glass preforms is a key for successful drawing of the glass fibers. Two effective means, high glass melting temperature and V2O5 doping, have been used to minimize the crystallization of the preforms, thus assuring the continuous drawing of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O glass fibers.
Giant voltages upon surface heating in normal YBa2Cu3O7−δ films suggesting an atomic layer thermopile
Authors: Lengfellner H. , Kremb G. , Schnellbögl A. , Betz J. , Renk K. F. , Prettl W.
Published: July 2002

Experiments are reported which show that temperature gradients perpendicular to the surface of epitaxial normal conducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ films give rise to large transversal voltages between contacts on the film surface. The temperature gradients have been produced by pulsed laser irradiation and by continuous heating of the films by heater wires. To explain the large lateral voltages, an atomic layer thermopile is proposed, which may be formed by the layered structure of the material.
Raman analysis of light-emitting porous silicon
Authors: Sui Zhifeng , Leong Patrick P. , Herman Irving P. , Higashi Gregg S. , Temkin Henryk
Published: July 2002

Porous silicon that strongly emits in the visible was analyzed using Raman scattering. The spectrum peaks near 508 cm−1, has a width of ∼40 cm−1, and is very asymmetric. Using a model of phonon confinement, this suggests that the local structure of porous silicon is more like a sphere than a rod and has a characteristic diameter of 2.5–3.0 nm. Polarization Raman measurements suggest that the structure does not consist of a series of parallel columns.
Mn substitution effect on magnetostriction temperature dependence in Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2
Authors: Funayama T. , Kobayashi T. , Sakai I. , Sahashi M.
Published: July 2002

Magnetostriction temperature dependencies in Tb0.3Dy0.7 (Fe1−xMnx)2 were investigated. Mn substitution lowers the spin reorientation temperature, at which magnetostriction shows a sharp drop. Moreover, Mn containing compounds show larger magnetostriction than that for a Mn-free compound at low temperature. Mössbauer measurements show that easy magnetization direction for the Mn containing compound is in the 〈111〉 direction at 300 K, while it is in the 〈100〉 at 77 K. These results indicate that the tetragonal distortion λ100 increases by Mn addition in Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2.