bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sargassum wightii Greville ex J.Agardh Grevilli Extract with Macromolecular Protection Activity In Vitro: Prospecting for Novel Drug Leads Using GC-MS Based Metabolic Profiling
Authors: Job Neema , Chandran Ardra A. , Augustine Ashly , Palliyalli Rahoofa P. , Nevin Kottayath G.
Published: July 2023

Marine macro alga are known to produce a plethora of bioactive metabolites with potential application in pharmaceutical and nutritional product development. In this study, the brown
algae Sargassum wightii was collected along the coast of Kovalam, Thiruvananthapuram and subjected to in vitro analysis to determine their bioactive properties. The chloroform-methanol extract of S. wightii was utilized to screen and quantify phytochemical components. Further, the
study examined the antioxidant potentials by lipid peroxidation inhibition, DPPH, and ABTS radical scavenging assays followed by an antibacterial activity. The capability of the extract to inhibit DNA damage and protein oxidation was also evaluated in vitro. Finally, the chemical characterization was
attained using UV-Visible, FTIR, and GC-MS spectral data. Alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, were detected in preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis and their quantitative estimation revealed a significant concentration of these phytocomponents. The extract
showed an IC50 value of 310.53 ± 0.35 µg/mL and 242.85 ± 0.377 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS free radicals respectively. Whereas an IC50 of 205.42 ± 0.20 µg/mL was estimated for lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. A significant antimicrobial activity against four bacterial pathogens with a
maximum zone of inhibition of > 40 mm was also observed against Staphylococcus aureus 1.5 µg/mL). The extract also demonstrated a high capability for concentration-dependent prevention of DNA damage and protein oxidation. The GC-MS spectral peaks confirmed the occurence of 17 active components with reported biological activities. These findings suggest that the extract of S. wightii, can be a lead compound for the development of a promising pharmaceutical product.
Effect of Growth of Filamentous Algae on the Thallus Surface of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) L.M.Liao (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Birana N. , Kasim Ma'ruf , Salwiyah  , Balubi A.M. , Yala Z.R. , Cahyani W.S. , Jalil W. , Mustari T. , Paena M.
Published: July 2023

Filamentous algae usually form dense or sparse masses that float freely or attach to other plants, rocks, or other hard substrates. Many filamentous algae attach to Kappaphycus
alvarezii which is cultivated by farmers in the tropics. This study explained the effect of filamentous algae attachment on the morphology and growth of K. alvarezii. This research was conducted in one of the cultivation locations on the coast of Tanjung Tiram, southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. This study used a vertical net to cultivate K. alvarezii thallus samples. Vertical nets are used to
protect K. alvarezii from fish pests and attached algae. We analyze the attachment rate of filamentous algae about the morphology and growth of K. alvarezii thallus within 40 days. The results showed two dominant filamentous algae species, Elachista flaccida and Chaetomorpha crassa. The density of E. flaccida occurred on day 10, with a density level reaching 12 individuals/m2 and increasing on day 20 to 45 individuals/m2. Chaetomorpha crassa species also appeared at 2.24 g/m2 on day 20, decreased to 0.63 g/m2 on day 30, and disappeared on day 40. The
torn surface thallus was seen to occur on day 2.324 mm2 on day ten and decreased by 104 mm2 on day 20. Attachment of filamentous algae slightly impacted the growth of K. alvarezii thallus, although the correlation analysis did not show a significant effect. Another correlation analysis explained no significant correlation between multiple attachments of filamentous algae and torn
surface thallus of K. alvarezii.
Dry stacking of iron ore tailings: possible particle breakage during compaction
Authors: Wagner Alexia Cindy , Carvalho João Vítor de Azambuja , Sousa Silva João Paulo , Scheuermann Filho Hugo Carlos , Consoli Nilo Cesar
Published: July 2023

Disposal of iron ore tailings (IOT) in dry stacks is increasingly common in Brazil. IOT are compacted in layers using drum rollers that cause compaction and vibration effects on the ground. Particle breakage is usually observed in granular materials when subjected to large static loads, as can occur depending on the stacking height achieved. This study investigates the breakage behaviour of IOT, simulating load conditions that may arise during compaction of the layers for dry stack construction. Two IOT samples with different amounts of clay-sized particles but similar mineralogy (about 77% quartz and 19% iron oxide – typical of IOT in Brazil) were subject to three different laboratory tests simulating cyclic, compaction and vibration loading. Particle size distribution analyses were performed before and after testing all specimens. Both IOT samples suffered only particle breakage (relative breakage between 0.12 and 0.14 for tailings A and between 0.14 and 0.16 for tailings B) under extremely high pressures (σ′v = 85 MPa) applied by oedometer testing, above those usually found in the field. For the usual pressures applied in the field, the frequency of load and number of cycles were not significant in particle breakage.
Impacto positivo del trabajo académico online en profesores universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Caamal Ochoa David Isaac , Sánchez Escobedo Pedro Antonio
Published: July 2023

Este trabajo explora las percepciones del impacto positivo del confinamiento durante la pandemia de 812 profesores universitarios del sureste de México. A través de un instrumento anónimo, contestado tanto en línea como en papel, al término de la emergencia sanitaria. Se colectó información acerca de adaptación social, productividad, salud mental y salud física. Asimismo, se administró una escala general para evaluar el bienestar. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo alto en el bienestar. En específico, se reportan mayor impacto positivo en la productividad del profesor y menor en las dimensiones de salud tanto mental como física. No se encontraron diferencias en cuanto al género y no se reporta incremento en el consumo de sustancias como alcohol, tabaco o café. Se discuten las implicaciones de la visión de los efectos del confinamiento desde la perspectiva de la psicología positiva para la comprensión de los efectos positivos y negativos en los profesores universitarios.
Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de la percepción de dificultades del profesorado para la inclusión educativa
Authors: Suriá Martínez Raquel , Villegas Castrillo Esther
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en el diseño y la validación de un cuestionario para examinar las actitudes del profesorado universitario ante el alumnado con cualquier tipo de discapacidad (física, intelectual o sensorial). El estudio es de tipo instrumental y corte transversal. Para el diseño y contenido de la escala, se revisó en la literatura publicada los instrumentos disponibles para la valoración de actitudes y creencias hacia la discapacidad para la composición de los ítems. Con la finalidad de comprobar las propiedades psicométricas se acudió al coeficiente de Cronbach para la consistencia interna del instrumento y al análisis factorial exploratorio. Los resultados reflejaron unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para el instrumento destinado a examinar las actitudes hacia la discapacidad entre los docentes universitarios. La expectativa consiste en que las conclusiones del presente estudio ofrezcan aportaciones lo suficientemente relevantes como para comprender la educación inclusiva en el actual marco de la educación superior.
Un proyecto de inteligencia colectiva basado en la colaboración y en el conocimiento. El caso de repensar Extremadura
Authors: García Muñoz Joaquín A. , Maldonado Briegas Juan José , Martín Pena Daniel
Published: July 2023

El proyecto Repensar Extremadura pretende acelerar la transferencia de conocimiento innovador y de transformación de un territorio, en este caso de la región de Extremadura (España). Desde una propuesta novedosa de participación ciudadana basada en la inteligencia colectiva, persigue detectar las nuevas ideas que van surgiendo en diferentes ámbitos, tales como económicos y sociales, e identificar nuevas oportunidades en base al establecimiento de retos presentes y futuros. La finalidad es que las nuevas ideas, desde el contraste académico y científico de la Universidad y de los Centros de Investigación, puedan estudiarse, valorarse y aplicarse en la región de Extremadura (España). Se propone un proceso permanente de reflexión tomando el conocimiento como la base de cualquier progreso social, en la que las instituciones, organizaciones, asociaciones e instituciones civiles desarrollan un papel clave en el proyecto para el establecimiento de nuevos modelos de desarrollo futuros, alineados con la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible.
El síndrome de procusto y su impacto en el comportamiento organizacional actual
Authors: Maldonado Briegas Juan José , Álvarez Martínez Antonio Javier , Betsabé Abdo Touma Noemí , Vicente Castro Florencio
Published: July 2023

La cultura griega y sus mitos, ayudan, en numerosas ocasiones, a renombrar patologías, síndromes, trastornos, manías, comportamientos humanos y expresiones usuales del lenguaje cargados de significación y actualidad. El Síndrome de Procusto es una patología psicológica cuyo nombre identificador procede de la mitología griega. Cuando una persona lo padece, suele generar malestar a su alrededor, provocando resultados nefastos en cualquier organización social porqueinhabilitaalossubordinados. Sobreelsíndrome de Procusto hemos encontrado poca investigación, a pesar de su amplia influencia como realidad social oculta y significativa, en el sentido de significar una ineficaz y tóxica gestión en el desarrollo del trabajo y de los equipos o grupos profesionales. El objetivo inicial de nuestra investigación es narrar y describir un caso concreto de síndrome de Procusto, de un profesional afectado por ello; analizar la transcendencia negativa de su gestión en el grupo dirigido por esta persona y los esfuerzos titánicos de estos por superar la permanente negativa a su crecimiento. Previamente y dado los pocos estudios existentes al respecto, nos centraremos en realizar un trabajo a nivel de bibliometría sobre aportaciones y estudios previos. Dada la realidad concreta del caso, incluimos en el estudio otros similares a los que hemos tenido acceso por ser significativos en los entornos laborales conocidos, aplicando el estudio en una única persona, pero descrita desde esferas docentes, sanitarias, sociales y políticas. Analizado este caso intentaremos extraer consecuencias sobre posibles actuaciones y consejos al respecto.
Expectativa familiar sobre autonomia de filhos com deficiência intelectual e transtorno do espectro autista
Authors: Albach Carniel Thais Carolina , Joaquiim Minetto Maria de Fátima , Marques Choinski André , Kruszielski Leandro , Ferreira Franco Vítor Daniel
Published: July 2023

A pessoa com deficiência esteve por muito tempo sob um olhar reducionista, determinista e simplista, com foco apenas no diagnóstico. As crenças da família acerca da criança com deficiência podem funcionar tanto como um fator de proteção quanto de vulnerabilidade. Este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar a adaptação de pais e mães ao diagnóstico dos filhos com Deficiência Intelectual (DI) ou Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) com a sua expectativa sobre a autonomia dos filhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, comparativa de caráter qualitativo e transversal. Os participantes são 352 pais, mães ou responsáveis de crianças com diagnóstico de DI, TEA ou deficiência múltipla, que responderam os instrumentos disponibilizados de maneira virtual, por meio da plataforma Google Forms. Foram utilizados dois questionários e uma escala, sendo eles: 1) Questionário sociodemográfico; 2) Escala Parental de Adaptação à Deficiência (EPAD); e 3) Questionário de expectativas sobre a autonomia. Os resultados indicam que a percepção do nível de autonomia atual e gravidade do diagnóstico estavam correlacionados com a expectativa de futura autonomia da criança. Além disso, pais de crianças com diagnóstico de TEA e deficiências múltiplas indicaram expectativa de autonomia futura significativamente menor do que pais de crianças com DI. Também foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a percepção de autonomia atual e a forma de comunicação da criança e o gênero da criança, apesar disso, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre gênero e a expectativa de futura autonomia. Tomados em conjunto, esses resultados indicam quea percepção dos paiscom relação àcondição atual da criança afeta de maneira considerável as expectativas do desenvolvimento de autonomia das crianças.
The Plantation as Hotspot: Capital, Science, Labour, and the Earthly Limits of Global Health
Authors: Nading Alex
Published: July 2023

Central American sugarcane plantations have become ‘hotspots’ of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although CKD is frequently caused by diabetes or hypertension, most sugarcane plantation workers who have it have no history of either condition. They are among a growing number of people worldwide afflicted by chronic kidney disease of nontraditional causes (CKDnt). The ‘hotspot’ concept resonates with those who study CKDnt in part because work-related heat stress has been the factor most strongly associated with the disease. Drawn from ethnographic research on CKDnt in Nicaragua and a close reading of scientific and policy documents, this research article frames the plantation as a health hotspot in three ways. First, plantations are sites of intensive, environment-altering capital investment. Second, public health research on the connection between heat stress and CKDnt remakes plantations as sites of intensive experimental scrutiny. Third, plantations produce innovative genres of political action. Nicaragua’s epidemic has given rise to a form of health activism, or ‘hotspotting’, in which workers and their allies use digital media to circulate evidence of environmental harm. This tripartite view of plantations as hotspots highlights what I suggest are some of the ‘Earthly limits’ of global health.
What’s new for the clinician – summaries of recently published papers
Authors: Yengopal V
Published: July 2023

Pain is an important physiological and emotional experience, whose intensity may vary with age, gender, emotional state, cultural background and previous pain experience.1 Almost 95% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have reported varying degrees of pain. After an orthodontic force is applied, an immediate and a delayed painful response occurs.  While the cause of the immediate response was to be the compression of the periodontal ligament (PDL), the delayed response was attributed to the hyperalgesia of the PDL. This hyperalgesia is associated with prostaglandins which make the PDL sensitive to algogens released in the environment, such as histamine, bradykinin, serotonin and substance.
Gaps in childhood immunizations and preventive care visits during the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based cohort study of children in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, 2016–2021
Authors: Evans Andrea , Mahar Alyson L. , Deb Bhumika , Boblitz Alexa , Brownell Marni , Guttmann Astrid , Stukel Therese A. , Cohen Eyal , Sarkar Joykrishna , Eze Nkiruka , Katz Alan , Raveendran Tharani , Saunders Natasha
Published: July 2023

Objective

We aimed to estimate the changes to the delivery of routine immunizations and well-child visits through the pandemic.

Methods

Using linked administrative health data in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada (1 September 2016 to 30 September 2021), infants <12 months old (N=291,917 Ontario, N=33,994 Manitoba) and children between 12 and 24 months old (N=293,523 Ontario, N=33,001 Manitoba) exposed and unexposed to the COVID-19 pandemic were compared on rates of receipt of recommended a) vaccinations and b) well-child visits after adjusting for sociodemographic measures. In Ontario, vaccinations were captured using physician billings database, and in Manitoba they were captured in a centralized vaccination registry.

Results

Exposed Ontario infants were slightly more likely to receive all vaccinations according to billing data (62.5% exposed vs. 61.6% unexposed; adjusted Relative Rate (aRR) 1.01 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.02]) whereas exposed Manitoba infants were less likely to receive all vaccines (73.5% exposed vs. 79.2% unexposed; aRR 0.93 [95% CI 0.92-0.94]). Among children exposed to the pandemic, total vaccination receipt was modestly decreased compared to unexposed (Ontario aRR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97-0.99]; Manitoba aRR 0.93 [95% CI 0.91-0.94]). Pandemic-exposed infants were less likely to complete all recommended well-child visits in Ontario (33.0% exposed, 48.8% unexposed; aRR 0.67 [95% CI 0.68-0.69]) and Manitoba (55.0% exposed, 70.7% unexposed; aRR 0.78 [95% CI 0.77-0.79]). A similar relationship was observed for rates of completed well-child visits among children in Ontario (aRR 0.78 [95% CI 0.77-0.79]) and Manitoba (aRR 0.79 [95% CI 0.77-0.80]).

Conclusion

Through the first 18 months of the pandemic, routine vaccines were delivered to children < 2 years old at close to pre-pandemic rates. There was a high proportion of incomplete well-child visits, indicating that developmental surveillance catch-up is crucial.
Determining heavy metal concentrations and physicochemical properties in wastewater
Authors: Hailu Reta , Nibret Mekonen
Published: July 2023

Wastewaters are frequently harmful to both the environment and human health since they are both directly and indirectly released into surface waters. The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical properties and to assess the levels of heavy metals in wastewater. Wastewater samples were collected from Koka and Mojo from the Oromia region, Ethiopia. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the concentration of these heavy metals. The conductivity of wastewater obtained from the Mojo and Koka sites ranged from 1141.33 to 1498.32µS/cm and 1066.33 to 1243.72µS/cm, respectively. The maximum and minimum BOD effluent from Mojo and Koka sites were 1044.78mg/L and 794.73mg/L, and 883.00mg/L and 772.67mg/L, respectively. The COD value was found to range between 1466.08mg/L and 1615.38mg/L in the Mojo area and 1352.65mg/L to 1530.83mg/L in the Koka area, respectively. High BOD levels are a sign of contamination and could indicate a lack of oxygen for living things. In every one of the sample sites, it exceeds the recommended level. High COD levels suggest hazardous conditions and the presence of organic compounds that are resistant to biological processes. The maximum TDS of the effluents, which is more than the recommended limit, were found to be 2417.08mg/L and 2317.06mg/L in Mojo and Koka areas, respectively. Overall concentrations of heavy metals (As, Pb, B, Zn, Cd Hg, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Cr) in mg/L were found to be in the permissible range except for mercury (Hg). The wastewater had heavy metal Hg that was higher than the limits advised by the WHO and US EPA. The studies’ findings imply that the effluents are harmful by nature and need considerable treatment before being released into the ecosystem on land.
A dashboard proposal for pre-scheduling elective orthopedic surgeries in Brazil
Authors: Aparecido Carlos Duarte , Jair Minoro Abe , Liliam Sayuri Sakamoto
Published: July 2023

The procedure for receiving materials from the CME - Material and Sterilization Center, begins after the surgery is released by the agreement together with the approval of the supplier, once this is approved, the delivery of the materials to be used in the hospital will commence. This delivery may take place hours or even a day before the scheduled date since the materials need to be washed and sterilized, and in some cases, there is a lack of a certain instrument that may cancel or even postpone the surgery that is only identified when the articles are opened while in the operating room and even with the patient undergoing anesthetic induction, bringing inconvenience to the patient, the medical team and the hospital. In this article we will be proposing the construction of a Dashboard to help reduce the errors or problems encountered during the scheduling of surgeries to be performed in Hospitals in Brazil, we are only dealing with Elective surgeries, those schedules that depend on third-party materials for their performance.
Phylogenetic analyses v1
Authors: fay elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Original protocol by Matthew Daugherty and Elizabeth Fay.
Enriching and isolating phages on agar plates v1
Authors: Borges Adair
Published: July 2023

This protocol explains how we isolate phage from microbial communities on solid agar plates. For a protocol on liquid enrichment and isolation, check out our companion protocol.
Enriching and isolating phages in liquid culture v1
Authors: Borges Adair
Published: July 2023

This protocol explains how we isolate phage from microbial communities using liquid enrichment. For a protocol on enriching and isolating on solid agar plates, check out our companion protocol.
0.3M Sodium Cacodylate Buffer pH 7.4 Stock Solution Recipe v1
Authors: Ellisman Mark
Published: July 2023

Standard preparation protocol for stock 0.3M sodium cacodylate buffer.
PollenNet - a deep learning approach to predicting airborne pollen concentrations
Authors: Čorić Rebeka , Matijević Domagoj , Marković Darija
Published: July 2023

The accurate short-term forecasting of daily airborne pollen concentrations is of great importance in public health. Various machine learning and statistical techniques have been employed to predict these concentrations. In this paper, an RNN-based method called PollenNet is introduced, which is capable of predicting the average daily pollen concentrations for three types of pollen: ragweed (Ambrosia), birch (Betula), and grass (Poaceae). Moreover, two strategies incorporating measurement errors during the training phase are introduced, making the method more robust. The data for experiments were obtained from the RealForAll project, where pollen concentrations were gathered using a Hirst-type 7-day volumetric spore trap.Additionally, five types of meteorological data were utilized as input variables. The results of our study demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms standard models typically used for predicting pollen concentrations, specifically the pollen calendar method, pollen predictions based on patterns, and the naive approach.
Economic complexity and income inequality in EU countries
Authors: Cota Boris , Erjavec Nataša , Jakšić Saša
Published: July 2023

The article studies the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality across EU countries from 1995 to 2020. The analysed period characterises high globalisation in which “new” EU countries experienced a high transformation of their productive structure. Production structure largely determines income distribution and, thus, income inequality. We employed panel data methodology to assess the relationship between economic complexity and income inequality. To control for economic activity and education, GDP per capita and average years of secondary schooling are also included in the analysis. Expectedly, our findings point to the correlation between economic complexity and income inequality in EU countries. However, the results also indicate an opposite effect between the “old” EU member states and a group of “new” EU member states. This finding suggests that “new” EU members needed more economic complexity in the observed period to reduce income inequality.
Low-flow extra-intracranial bypass in acute carotid and vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke (literature review)
Authors: Shcherbinin A.  V.
Published: July 2023

Introduction. The effectiveness of the method of revascularization of the brain using extra‑intracranial bypass in chronic insufficiency of blood supply to the brain has been studied in several randomized multicenter studies. The analysis of available publications devoted to this technique for 10 years with acute strokes in the carotid basin and for 20 years with ischemic strokes in the vertebrobasilar basin was carried out.

Aim. To improve the results of treatment of ischemic strokes with the help of emergency extra‑intracranial low‑flow bypasses in the acute and acute period. In 12 publications over the past 10 years, selected from the PubMed search engine, 194 cases of the use of emergency extra‑intracranial microbypasses in the acute and acute period of ischemic stroke in the carotid basin were identified, 127 cases of emergency extra‑intracranial bypass were found in 6 articles during the last 20 years in the acute phase of vertebra‑basilar area stroke. Middle patient age in carotid group was 61.9 years, and 65 years in vertebral patient’s group. The male / female ratio was 3 / 1. The main indications for the bypass creation were: worsening of neurologic deficit from 4 and more according to the Stroke Severity Scale of the US National Institutes of Health, mini mal or not significant computed tomography (CT) or diffusion‑weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‑MRI) ischemia brain changes (not lower than 8 points on the scale of assessment of initial changes in the computed tomographic (CT) examination for stroke Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, ASPECTS), signs of significant brachiocephalic arteries atherosclerotic stenosis. In 83 carotid group cases perfusion‑diffusion mismatch was distinguished before bypass creation. In 111 carotid cases and in priority of vertebra‑basilar cases clinic‑diffusion mismatch was the only indication for emergency extra‑intracranial bypass creation. During the first 24 hours 65 % of carotid group bypass were performed, in other 35 % of cases bypasses were performed during 1 week after the stroke onset. There were 78 % of good results (<2 on the Rankin outcome scale, mRS) and 22 % of poor (mRS >2) in carotid stroke group. Mortality was 3 %. In vertebral group, coma was not contraindication for emergence extra‑intracranial bypass creation. In most cases, 70 % of bypass were performed between superficial temporal artery and superior cerebellar artery. Mortality in vertebral stroke group was 5 %, mostly because of somatic pathology worsening. Good results were achieved in76 % of cases.

Conclusion. In some cases of atherosclerotic carotid and vertebrobasilar ischemic stroke, results of recovery can be approved greatly with use of emergency low‑flow extra‑intracranial bypass, if intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular tromboextraction were failed.
Irrigation Systems of the Altai: Results and Prospects of Archaeological Studies
Authors: Konstantinov N. A. , Beketova (Akimova) T. A. , Soenov V. I. , Zhilich S. V. , Rudaya N. A.
Published: July 2023

We present the fi ndings of studies concerning the irrigation systems of the Altai and outline the directions of their further exploration. Irrigation canals, widely distributed in alpine valleys and intermontane depressions, are streams of the drift type. Most are found in central Altai and in the Chulyshman River valley of eastern Altai. Complex irrigation systems were recorded in the Bilgebash and Sarduma river mouths in the Chuya valley, in the Chulcha River mouth in the Chulyshman valley, and in Tötö, the Kurai basin. Pilot excavations of the main canals showed that wooden troughs had been placed on their bottoms. Radiocarbon analysis of wood from those troughs (Cheba and Oroktoi) suggests that they date to the Late Middle Ages, and a soil sample from the bottom of the canal of the Tenga irrigation system indicates early medieval age. In the 1800s and early 1900s, canals were used by the natives mainly for watering small plots of barley, but also of wheat and rye. Agriculture has been practiced in the Altai at least since the Early Iron Age, having fl ourished, apparently, during the Early Middle Ages. The fi rst irrigation systems must have appeared together with the fi rst farmers; however, taking into account the prolonged use and modifi cations of the main canals, assessing the time of their initial construction is diffi cult.
Legal Status of Sports Referees: Legal Nature, Features, Problems
Authors: Ponkin I. V. , Lapteva A. I.
Published: July 2023

The paper is devoted to the content and specificity of the legal status of sports judges (sports referees) as one of the categories of active participants — subjects of sports. The paper dwells on underestimation of the role and importance of sports referees in general and in particular for specific kinds of sports. A sports referee is the most important and integral element of sports in any of its forms and at any level. Understanding of the status and ontology of the professional activity of a sports referee allows us to understand the nature of sports, its autonomy. The paper describes the essence of the concept and the legal status of sports referees, explains possible functional and instrumental roles of sports referees in detail. The authors highlight and explain existing determinants of the complexity of the concept and legal status of a sports referee and the peculiarities of the ontology of this profession. The paper shows the most pressing problems in the field of staffing positions of sports referees with qualified personnel. The paper suggests a detailed taxonomy of professional rights of sports referees noting that there is a complex and non-linear picture of the distribution of the recognition and significance of certain rights depending on specific jurisdictions. The authors define a specific ordering (order-forming and order-retaining) of the sports product, which is the integral result of refereeing and fulfilling by sports referees of other official powers.
First Central Asian International Legal Forum (Moscow, 22 January 2023): Problems of Central Asia as a Factor of Political, Economic and Scientific Integration
Authors: Tolstykh V. L.
Published: July 2023

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Financial development, economic growth, and income inequality: a Toda-Yamamoto panel causality test
Authors: Sotiropoulou Theodora , Giakoumatos Stefanos , Georgopoulos Antonios
Published: July 2023

This paper examines the causality between financial development, economic growth, and income inequality using panel data for 23 European Union countries over the period 1987-2017. The empirical study employs a trivariate setting of Granger non-causality test of heterogeneous panels adopting the Toda and Yamamoto approach using several proxies of financial development capturing different dimensions of the banking system and stock markets. The findings suggest mixed evidence for the causality direction between financial development and economic growth and financial development and income inequality. In addition, the results support bidirectional causality between economic growth and inequality and one-way causality from inequality to growth. The policymakers can focus primarily on economic growth to raise the demand for financial services and encourage income distribution.
Detectability of biomechanical risk factors in patients with fixed dentures on dental implants
Authors: Zaslavsky Roman S. , Olesova Valentina N. , Kashchenko Pavel V. , Grishkov Maksim S. , Olesov Egor E. , Mikryukov Vladimir V.
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND: Long-term results of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with partial and total tooth loss using implants revealed a considerable number of failures and complications. Periodontopathogenic microfloral activity resulting from poor oral hygiene is the most studied cause of implant removals and development of periimplant chronic inflammation. To a much lesser extent, biomechanical risk factors influence the effectiveness of prosthetics on implants. In particular, information on adverse biomechanical factors in individuals with dental implants is insufficient.
AIM: To analyze the frequency of detection of unfavorable biomechanical conditions for the functioning of prostheses on implants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the results of clinical and X-ray examination of 417 patients with 1,222 intraosseous implants, who have completed fixed prosthetics for partial absence of teeth 10 years ago, the biomechanical conditions for the functioning of implants were evaluated. The density and volume of the bone tissue, previous bone grafting, cortical bone thickness, implant length and diameter, characteristics of the junction with the abutment, position of the implant relative to the alveolar ridge, ratio of the implants and prosthetic units in fixed prostheses, presence of occlusive supracontacts on implants, degree of replacement of dentition defects, presence of approximal contacts, association with teeth, and load type were collected.
RESULTS: A thin cortical bone, as an inadequate biomechanical condition, was found in 65.7% of the implants, low bone density in 32.3%, and insufficient and uncompensated bone volume in 15.5%. Implant overload caused by the absence of approximal contacts with adjacent teeth or prostheses was detected in 60.3% of implants, occlusive supracontacts in 58.4%, installation of narrow and short implants 29.1% and 15.5%, respectively, and installation of implants with a slope in 33.1%. Incomplete replacement of the dentition defect and consequently increased functional load were found in 57.3% and 28.1% of implants, respectively, and an insufficient number of support implants were found in 21.5%. The combination of implants with teeth with bridge prosthesis was typical for 19.2%.
CONCLUSION: In modern implantology, inadequate biomechanical conditions influence the qualification of doctors, motivation of patients to the ideal volume of prosthetics on implants, andfunctioning of fixed prostheses on intraosseous implants.
Modern approaches to performing organ-preserving operations in adenomyosis
Authors: Molotkov Arsenii S. , Yarmolinskaya Maria I. , Tsypurdeeva Anna A. , Shalina Maria A.
Published: July 2023

The incidence of adenomyosis in young patients who have not realized their reproductive function is steadily increasing, with the tactics of surgical and drug treatment being an unresolved problem. In clinical practice, special attention is focused on the possibility of surgical treatment of adenomyosis with preservation of the uterus; and a variety of new options for such operations are proposed, as well as ways to optimize the treatment of such patients. This article summarizes our own and world experience in managing such patients. We present current views regarding the selection of patients for such interventions and determining the indications for surgery, and we herein highlight the technical features of such interventions. A particular attention is paid to management tactics being aimed at ensuring reproductive function implementation.
Ingestible capsules carrying 3D printed springs: a possible future prospective for SBS treatment?
Authors: Gigola Francesca
Published: July 2023

Background Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a malabsorption syndrome characterised by a severe reduction of the absorbent surface of the intestinal mucosa. Treatment of this condition needs multi-professional teams and different therapies, which are not always enough to ensure enteral autonomy. New techniques are being explored, particularly distraction enterogenesis, which can allow the lengthening of the residual intestines of these patients. This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of using biodegradable materials to design ingestible capsules which carry 3D-printed springs capable of reaching the patient’s intestine. These devices could be used as a slightly invasive distraction enterogenesis technique, stimulating cell proliferation and intestinal elongation without surgery. Materials and methods Capsules were realised with gelatin from pigskin type A from Sigma-Aldrich mixed with regenerated silk fibroin (RS) obtained by reverse engineering on Bombyx Mori cocoons. Springs are composed of a structure of regenerated silk (RS) modified with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) externally covered with a biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV) shell. Springs were realised with 3D printing, through which, with an extruder, PHBV and RS compounds are deposited simultaneously in a 3D structure. The springs’ capsules were then analysed with solvents simulating the gastric and intestinal environment to verify their resistance to degradation. PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline), composed of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride (CaCl 2 + MgCl 2 ), with a pH value of 7.4, was used as a degradative agent; for the gastric tract, we chose the acetic acid, CH 3 COOH, at 12% with a pH value of 2.3. Results While the gelatin-only capsules showed poor resistance to degradation in PBS, the new compound based on gelatin and regenerated silk showed excellent resistance in gastric and intestinal environments, allowing the pills to reach the intestine without dissolving. In addition, the results show variability in the release times of the springs as a function of the pH values and the elastic constants of the springs used: the latter determined that in acetic acid, the release time is increased at an increase of the elastic constant. In contrast, in PBS, an opposite trend was observed. Conclusions Our results confirm the possibility of using gelatin, silk fibroin and PHBV to design devices capable of transporting implantable endoluminal 3D structures, drugs, or growth factors, laying the foundations for a new approach to distraction enterogenesis in SBS patients.
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy After Pancreatoduodenectomy: Are Patients Treated Adequately? A Systematic Review Correlated with a Prospective Cohort
Authors: Bosch Charlotte , Blank L. , Straatman J. , Kazemier G. , Wierdsma N. J.
Published: July 2023

Background: Treatment with pancreatic enzymes is necessary to improve nutrient digestion and to prevent malabsorption and deficiencies in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) after pancreatoduodenectomy. Aim of this study was to identify the optimal dosage of pancreatic enzymes in patients with EPI after pancreatoduodenectomy and to evaluate if patients are treated adequately. Methods: A systematic review was performed of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. They were searched systematically to identify all randomized controlled trials (RCT) reporting on the effect of treatment with pancreatic enzymes on nutritional parameters after pancreatoduodenectomy. Alongside a prospective observational study was performed, where the administered dosage of pancreatic enzymes (i.e., IU lipase) was evaluated by a questionnaire in patients after pancreatoduodenectomy with EPI (defined as fat malabsorption <85%), and was compared to their dietary fat intake. Endpoints of this study were; (1) the percentage of patients that received an adequate dosage based on the results of the systematic literature study, (2) the ratio between reported dose lipase (IU) and fat intake (g) and reported dose of protease (IU) and protein intake (g). Results: Based on literature (3 RCT’s), an effective dosage of pancreatic enzymes to treat EPI following pancreatoduodenectomy should consists of at least 40.000 IU lipase per main meal, ranging from 40.000 to 75.000 IU. Twenty-nine patients were evaluated, to assess the dosage of pancreatic enzymes in relation to their dietary fat intake. In 70 % of the main meals of these patients the recommended dosage (minimum 40.000 IU lipase) was administered. The lowest ratio of the IU lipase per gram dietary fat intake (2.521 ± 1.770 IU/gram fat) was seen at dinners, the highest ratio was observed for breakfasts (4.441 ± 6.936 IU/gram fat). Conclusion: According to the cut-off of minimal 40.000 IU lipase per main meal, the majority of these patients are using an adequate dosage of pancreatic enzymes. The variability between the ratios of the reported dose lipase (IU) and fat intake (g) fat intake per main meals is large and prescribing doses enzymes tailored per fat intake seems more appropriate.
Growth status of Adolescents with Diabetic Type 1 and its associated factors
Authors: Qadir kaify
Published: July 2023

Background: childhood and adolescent growth is a good indicator of general health, and attaining normal growth speed ‎is one of the goals of treating diabetic children. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is well known to negatively affect growth. The aim of this study is to assess the growth parameter of diabetic adolescents and related factors. Methods: The study was conducted at Shaheed Layla Qasim Diabetic Center in Erbil City during June 2022. 160 diabetic adolescent cases were enrolled as samples for the study. Growth was assessed by taking weight and height then plotted on Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts, and a blood sample to was taken to determine glycemic control (HbA1C%). Results: 160 children participated with mean age of 13.96 ± 1.8. Mean HbA1C was 9.9 ± 2.18 %. 73.8% had poor glycemic control. 33.8% of adolescents were stunted (stature-for-age) and 56.3% of them were underweight (BMI-for-age). There was a significant association between stunting and age group also underweight (BMI-for-age) with age and gender. Conclusion: one-third of diabetic adolescents were of short stature, and most of them were underweight.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Social Anxiety and Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Powell Caitlin , Martin Kaitlin
Published: July 2023

The following study explores the potential impact of COVID-19 on Social Anxiety and Rejection Sensitivity among college students. Over 300 college students completed a survey asking about whether they had contracted COVID-19, and, if they had, additional characteristics (i.e., when they contracted the disease, whether they were symptomatic, whether their symptoms were neurological, how many times they had contracted COVID-19). In addition, they indicated their current levels of Social Anxiety and Rejection Sensitivity, as well as general classroom anxiety. Lastly, participants indicated whether they had been formally diagnosed with related psychological disorders (autism, ADHD, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, rejection sensitivity dysphoria), as well as roughly when they had been diagnosed. Approximately half of the sample reported that they had contracted COVID-19 at least once, and approximately one third of the total sample had been previously diagnosed with anxiety. Results indicated that about one third of those who contracted COVID-19 indicated increases in anxiety or depression post-COVID-19. In addition, females in reported higher Social Anxiety and general classroom anxiety. Results did find that there were higher amounts of Social Anxiety and classroom anxiety among those who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 more recently, these results were no longer significant after controlling for previously diagnosed mental illness. There were otherwise no significant relationships between any aspects of contracting COVID-19 and Social Anxiety, rejection sensitivity, or classroom anxiety. This indicates that while students are reporting increased anxiety and depression, and while recently diagnosed COVID-19 does contribute to Social Anxiety and classroom anxiety, that these increases are likely due to the stress of being ill rather than the virus itself.
Are the Intertwining Snakes of the Caduceus the Nadis of Hindu Psychology?
Authors: Jhunjhunwala Bharat
Published: July 2023

Objective of this paper is to discover the thinking behind the two snakes displayed in the Caduceus. The snake has been used as a symbol of healing over the last four millennia. The Caduceus with two snakes intertwining on a staff is used today by a number of medical practitioners and associations as their symbol. However, no credible explanation of the use of this symbol is forthcoming. We aim to provide an explanation for the use of this symbol relying on Hindu psychology. Our study design was to read the Western- and Hindu anatomical-, physiological- and psychological understandings of the spinal cord and ganglia side by side and lay out the similarities and differences. Then we examine how the understandings of the two systems concord with each other and to extract a possible understanding of the Caduceus from the common understanding. We find that the physical dimension of the two ganglia of the Western system concord with two “tantrikas” of the Hindu system. The Western system considers the spinal cord to be a tube which concords with the sparse mention of the spinal cord in the Hindu system. Western system sparsely mentions the psychic dimension of the two ganglia and the spinal cord while the Hindu system mentions the same prominently as the three “nadis.” Thus, while both the systems recognize the existence of the three pathways, the Western system is focused on the physical dimension while the Hindu system is focused on the psychic dimension. It holds that the cleaning of these pathways leads to good health. The Hindu system visualizes the psychic dimension of the three pathways together as a snake. Especially, it considers two nadis on the side to criss-cross and intertwine around the central nadi which concords with the Caduceus. The recognition of the psychic dimension of the three pathways as depicted in the Hindu system can provide a psychic method of treatment of various diseases. We conclude that the Caduceus is correctly used as a symbol of healing or good health. The snake symbolizes the psychic dimension of the three pathways of the spinal cord and ganglion. Recognition of the psychic dimension and its symbolism embedded in the snake can provide a new meaning to the Caduceus and also a new line of treatment.
Entropy generation of Al2O3/water nanofluid in corrugated channels
Authors: SAOUDI Leila , ZERAIBI Nordine
Published: July 2023

The flow of nanofluids in a corrugated channel has been shown to have a significant impact on heat transfer performance, and has therefore become an important area of research. The ob-
jective of this paper is to understand the thermal behavior of Al2O3/water nanofluid in a sinu-soidal and square channel and to identify ways to optimize heat transfer performance in such configurations. For this purpose, a numerical simulation was conducted using ANSYS-Fluent software 16.0 on entropy generation and thermo-hydraulic performance of a wavy channel with the two corrugation profiles (sinusoidal and square). The analyses were carried out under laminar forced convection flow conditions with constant heat flux boundary conditions on the walls. The influence of various parameters, such as particle concentration (0–5%), particle di-ameter (10nm , 40nm and 60nm), and Reynolds number (200 < Re < 800) on the heat transfer, thermal, and frictional entropy generation, and Bejan number was analyzed. Moreover, the distribution of streamlines and static temperature contours has been presented and discussed, and a correlation equation for the average Nusselt number based on the numerical results is presented. One of the most significant results obtained is that the inclusion of nanoparticles (5% volume fraction) in the base fluid yielded remarkable results, including up to 41.92% and 7.03% increase in average Nusselt number for sinusoidal and square channels, respectively. The sinusoidal channel exhibited the highest thermo-hydraulic performance at Re= 800 and φ= 5%, approximately THP= 1.6.
In addition, the increase of nanoparticle concentration from 0% to 5% at Re= 800 and dnp= 10nm, diminishes the total entropy generation by 28.39 % and 22.12 % for sinusoidal and square channels, respectively, but when the nanoparticle diameter decreases from 60nm to 10nm at ϕ= 5% and Re= 800, the total entropy generation in the sinusoidal channel decreases by 34.85%, whereas in the square channel, it decreases by 20.05%. Therefore, rather than using a square channel, it is preferable and beneficial to use small values of nanoparticle diameter and large values for each of ϕ and Re in the sinusoidal wavy channel. Overall, the study of nanofluid flow in a wavy channel can provide valuable insights into the behavior of nanofluids and their potential applications in a variety of fields, including manufacturing, energy produc-tion, mining, agriculture, and environmental engineering.