bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An extremely enhanced ionization in the E region of Mars due to high energy electron impact: Comparison of E-peak density observed by MARSIS and ROSE observations
Authors: Haider Syed Aftab , Siddhi Y. S.
Published: July 2022

We report an unusual event on 2 June 2012 in the mini-magnetosphere of Mars from Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) onboard Mars Express (MEX) during orbit # 10723 at Ls 119o, when the E-peak electron density ~ 1.7 x 105 cm− 3 enhanced significantly at altitude ~ 100 km. This peak density is higher by about an order of magnitude from the E peak density observed by Radio Occultation Science Experiment (ROSE) onboard Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN). We have modeled observed electron density profiles using coupled continuity and Analytical Yield Spectrum (AYS) approach. In this calculation, we have used solar EUV, X-ray and high-energy electron flux of Electron Spectrometer (ELS)/Analyzer of Space Plasmas and Energetic Atoms (ASPERA-3). The estimated electron density due to solar EUV/X-ray is matching well with the ROSE observation. The enhanced E-peak in the MARSIS profile is produced due to high-energy electron impact.
Experimental Investigation On GraphiteReinforced Concrete Beam With Kenaf Fiber
Authors: Jeka j Jaculin , John J V Bency
Published: July 2022

This project explains how to determine the deflection, load carrying capacity, and stress in a graphite reinforcedbeam with kenaf fibre using an experimental method. Kenaf fibre is lightweight, which may make building constructioneasier. A graphite reinforced beam using kenaf fibre is used as an alternative technique. The reinforcement is protected fromcorrosion by the graphite covering. The service life of this coating is increased without altering the physical qualities. As anadmixture, kenaf fibre was added in percentages of 1.5 percent, 2.5 percent, 3.5 percent, 4.5 percent, and 5.5 percent. Toverify this approach and this experimental inquiry, compression and flexural strength tests are performed on the sample toassess the load carrying capacity, stresses, and deflection of the beams
Association of rare, recurrent nonsynonymous variants in the germline of prostate cancer patients of African ancestry
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Wei Jun , Beebe-Dimmer Jennifer , Shi Zhuqing , Sample Christopher , Yan Guifang , Rifkin Andrew , Sadeghpour Azita , Gielzak Marta , Choi Sodam , Moon David , Zheng S. Lilly , Helfand Brian , Walsh Patrick , Cooney Kathleen , Isaacs William
Published: July 2022

Background
Although men of African ancestry (AA) have the highest mortality rate from prostate cancer (PCa), relatively little is known about the germline variants that are associated with PCa risk in AA men. The goal of this study is to systematically evaluate rare, recurrent nonsynonymous variants across the exome for their association with PCa in AA men.
Methods
Whole exome sequencing (WES) of germline DNA in two AA PCa patient cohorts of Johns Hopkins Hospital (N = 960) and Wayne State University (N = 747) was performed. All nonsynonymous variants presented in both case cohorts, with a carrier rate between 0.3% and 1%, were identified. Their carrier rates were compared with rates from 8,128 African/African American (AFR) control subjects from The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) using Fisher’s exact test. Significant variants, defined as false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-value ≤0.05, were further evaluated in AA PCa cases (N = 132) and controls (N = 1,184) from the UK Biobank (UKB).
Results
Two variants reached a pre-specified statistical significance level. The first was p.R14Q in GPRC5C (found in 0.47% of PCa cases and 0.01% of population controls); odds ratio (OR) for PCa was 37.46 (95%CI 4.68-299.72), pexact=7.01E-06, FDR adjusted p-value = 0.05. The second was p.R511Q in IGF1R (found in 0.53% of PCa cases and 0.01% of population controls); OR for PCa was 21.54 (95%CI 4.65–99.76), pexact=5.51E-06, FDR adjusted p-value = 0.05. The mean percentage of African ancestry was similar between variant carriers and non-carriers of each variant, p > 0.05. In the UKB AA men, GPRC5C R14Q was 0.76% and 0.08% in cases and controls, respectively, OR for PCa was 9.00 (95%CI 0.56-145.23), pexact =0.19. However, IGF1R R511Q was not found in cases or controls.
Conclusions
This WES study identified two rare, recurrent nonsynonymous PCa risk-associated variants in AA. Confirmation in additional large populations of AA PCa cases and controls is required.
Material and Equipment (M&E) productivity management in the Construction sector
Authors: Dara Sruthilaya
Published: July 2022

The construction sector is one of the country's fastest-growing industries, with a significant impact on the economy. The cost of materials makes up about 60% of most construction projects. Effective material management contributes to lower project costs and more sustainable use of available resources in the long run. Construction equipment is also one of the most important resources on today's construction sites. In the implementation of many construction projects, equipment selection is critical. Construction cost overruns are caused by improper equipment monitoring, which accounts for 30–40% of all cost overruns. The numerous factors that influence M&E productivity management are identified in this study. The primary goal of this research is to identify the factors that have a significant impact on M&E productivity in the construction sector. Various factors were identified from the literature research and compiled into a questionnaire to collect responses from various stakeholders like material managers, quantity surveyors, site engineers, project managers, and project engineers. The reliability and significance are determined using the ranked responses collected from the questionnaire survey. To prioritize factors that affect equipment production, the relative relevance index (RII) method was utilized. From the study the factors that are more significant and cause the challenges in M&E are inadequate measures for efficient usage and negotiation with conditions of equipment, Inadequate expertise for equipment selection, proper maintenance, and inspection, and a lack of consistency Inadequate routine checks. Strategies and managerial implications are provided in the study to reduce the significance of M&E productivity in the construction sector.
Shifts in ecosystem equilibria following trophic rewilding
Authors: Hoeks Selwyn , Huijbregts Mark , Boonman Coline , Faurby Søren , Svenning Jens-Christian , Harfoot Michael , Santini Luca
Published: July 2022

Trophic rewilding is proposed as an effective approach to tackle biodiversity loss by restoring ecosystem dynamics through the reintroduction of large-bodied animals. Currently, evidence on the effectiveness of reintroduction programs is sparse and difficult to generalize. To better understand the ecological consequences of trophic rewilding, we simulated the extinction and reintroduction of large-bodied mammals under four distinct environmental conditions. We found that the removal of large-bodied mammals leads to large cascading effects mainly expressed by increases in smaller-bodied herbivores and the release of mesopredators. Our results further suggest that reintroducing extinct large-bodied mammals can largely restore shifts in ecosystem structure, closely resembling the baseline ecosystem conditions. However, the extent to which the ecosystem’s state resembles the original ecosystem is heavily dependent on the reintroduction strategy (only herbivores and omnivores vs. all large-bodied mammals) and timing, as well as local environmental conditions.
Single-molecule localization microscopy reveals the ultrastructural root constitution of distal appendages in expanded mammalian centrioles
Authors: Chang Ting-Jui , Hsu Jimmy , Yang T. Tony
Published: July 2022

Distal appendages (DAPs) are vital in cilia formation, mediating vesicular and ciliary docking to the plasma membrane during early ciliogenesis. Although numerous DAP proteins arranging a nine-fold symmetry have been studied using superresolution microscopy analyses, the extensive ultrastructural understanding of the DAP root structure developing from the centriole wall remains elusive owing to insufficient resolution. Here, we proposed a pragmatic imaging strategy for two-color single-molecule localization microscopy of swellable mammalian DAP proteins. Importantly, our imaging workflow enables us to push the resolution limit of a light microscope well close to an electron microscopy level, thus achieving an unprecedented λ/200 mapping precision inside intact cells. Upon this workflow, we unravel the ultra-resolved higher-order protein complexes of the core DAP. Intriguingly, C2CD3, microtubule triplet, and ODF2 jointly constitute the spatial basis of DAP, suggesting a unique configuration of the DAP assembly. Moreover, our results show that the distal-layered ODF2 labeled at the N- and C-terminus construct a fastening unit encircling the microtubule triplets. Together, we develop an organelle-based drift correction protocol and a two-color imaging solution with minimum crosstalk, allowing a robust localization microscopy imaging of expanded cellular structures deep into the gel-specimen composites.
Association between ABO blood group/genotype and COVID-19 in a Japanese population
Authors: Kusumoto Tatsuya , Chubachi Shotaro , Namkoong Ho , Tanaka Hiromu , Lee Ho , Azekawa Shuhei , Otake Shiro , Nakagawara Kensuke , Fukushima Takahiro , Morita Atsuho , Watase Mayuko , Sakurai Kaori , Asakura Takanori , Masaki Katunori , Kamata Hirofumi , Ishii Makoto , Hasegawa Naoki , Harada Norihiro , Ueda Tetsuya , Ueda Soichiro , Ishiguro Takashi , Arimura Ken , Saito Fukuki , Yoshiyama Takashi , Nakano Yasushi , Mutoh Yoshikazu , Suzuki Yusuke , Edahiro Ryuya , Sano Hirohito , Sato Yasunori , Okada Yukinori , Koike Ryuji , Kitagawa Yuko , Tokunaga Katsushi , Kimura Akinori , Imoto Seiya , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Kanai Takanori , Fukunaga Koichi
Published: July 2022

Background: An association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ABO blood group has been reported. However, such an association has not been studied in the Japanese population on a large scale. Additionally, little is known about the association between COVID-19 and ABO genotype. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and ABO blood group/genotype in a large Japanese population. Methods: All Japanese patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were recruited through the Japan COVID-19 Task Force between February 2020 and October 2021. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 1,790 COVID-19 Japanese patients whose DNA was used for genome-wide association study. We compared the ABO blood group/genotype in healthy population (n = 611, control) and COVID-19 patients, and then analyzed the association between the ABO blood group/genotype and clinical outcomes. Results: Blood group A was significantly more prevalent (41.6% vs. 36.8%) and group O was significantly less prevalent (26.2% vs. 30.8%) in the COVID-19 group than in the control group. Moreover, genotype OO was significantly less common in the COVID-19 group. Further, blood group AB was identified as an independent risk factor for most severe diseases compared with blood group O [aOR (95% CI) = 1.84 (1.00–3.37)]. Similarly, in ABO genotype analysis, only genotype AB was an independent risk factor for most severe disease compared with genotype OO. Conclusions: Blood group O is protective, whereas blood group A is associated with the risk of infection. Moreover, blood group AB is associated with the risk of ‘most’ severe disease.
SARS-CoV-2 Spike and ACE2 Entanglement-Like Binding
Authors: Pregnolato Massimo , Zizzi Paola
Published: July 2022

We describe the binding between the glycoprotein Spike of SARS-CoV-2 and the human host cell receptor ACE2 as a quantum circuit, comprising the one-qubit Hadamard quantum logic gate performing the quantum superposition of the S1 subunit of the spike protein, and the two-qubit quantum logic gate CNOT, which performs maximum entanglement between the spike-qubit S1 and the ACE2 receptor protein. Also, we consider two strategies to prevent the binding process between the spike-qubit S1 and the ACE2 receptor. The first one is the use of competitive peptidomimetic inhibitors that can selectively bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Spike glycoprotein with much higher affinities than the cell surface receptor itself. These inhibitors are targeted to the CNOT quantum logic gate and will get maximally entangled with the S1 qubit in place of the natural ACE2 receptor. The second one is to use covalent inhibitors, which will destroy S1 by acting as a projective quantum measurement. Finally, the conjecture that S1 is a bio-quantum robot is formulated.
Quantifying Brownian Motion in the Presence of Simple Shear Flow with Particle Diffusometry
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Clayton Katherine N. , Kinzer-Ursem Tamara L. , Linnes Jacqueline C. , Wereley Steven T.
Published: July 2022

Particle Diffusometry, a technology derived from particle image velocimetry, quantifies the Brownian motion of particles suspended in a quiescent solution by computing the diffusion coefficient. Particle Diffusometry has been used for pathogen detection by measuring the change in solution viscosity due to the presence of amplified DNA from a specific gene target. However, Particle Diffusometry fails to calculate accurate measurements at elevated temperatures and in the presence of fluid flow. Therefore, these two current limitations hinder the potential application where Particle Diffusometry can further be used.In this work, we expanded the usability of Particle Diffusometry to be applied to fluid samples with the simple shear flow and at various temperatures. A range of diffusion coefficient videos is created to simulate the Brownian motion of particles under flow and temperature conditions. From our updated Particle Diffusometry analysis, a correction equation is formed under three different polynomial degrees of shear flow with varying flow rates and temperatures between 25 and 65 degrees. A model experiment involving the syringe pump and rectangular channel geometry provided a uniform flow for analyzing the modified algorithm. In simulation analysis, the modified algorithm successfully computes the diffusion coefficients with ± 10% error for shear rates as large as 8 pixel/Δt on all three flow types. Complementary experiments confirm the simulation results.
Tracheal injury from dog bite in a child
Authors: Miyawaki Michiyo , Ogawa Kazuya , Kamada Kosuke , Karashima Takashi , Abe Miyuki , Takumi Yohei , Hashimoto Takafumi , Osoegawa Atsushi , Sugio Kenji
Published: July 2022

BackgroundTracheal injury from dog bites in children is rare. Tracheal injury requires prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment to rescue the patient. Especially in children, securing the airway is often more difficult than in adults because of their narrow trachea.Case presentationWe report the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with multiple dog bites. There were multiple wounds on the head, face, neck, and anterior chest, and air leakage was observed from the cervical wound at the time of transfer. It was difficult to perform oral endotracheal intubation, therefore, we extended the neck wound, probed the trachea, inserted a tracheal tube directly from the cervical wound in the emergency room. Tracheoplasty and another wound cleansing were performed in the operating room. The patient was discharged on the 18th day after surgery, without further complications.ConclusionsTracheal injury from a dog bite is rare. It is important prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Joint Task Allocation and Path Planning for Space Robot
Authors: Sun Yifei , Zhang Zikai , Li YiDong , Wu Jigang
Published: July 2022

Space robots have a wide application prospect in the aerospace industry. Due to the limited fuel for the space robots, which cannot support the space robots to run for a long time. In addition, the special working environment makes it impossible to replenish the fuel for the robot at any time. Therefore, a proper path is crucial for the operation of space robots. In order to ensure the operation of space robots, we optimize the allocation of exploration tasks and the selection of space robot paths, jointly. We propose two combination algorithms named Parallel Search and Task Allocation (PS-TA) and Subbranch Insertion and Task Allocation (SI-TA) to optimize the path and the task allocation , intend to obtain the minimum completion latency. We also construct Random Path Planning and Task Allocation (RTA) as the baseline. At last, we provide extensive experiments to demonstrate that proposed algorithms can obtain lower completion latency compared with RTA. Furthermore, SI-TA is more energy-efficient than PS-TA.
Anti-corruption shocks, intra-factional competition, and economic growth in China
Authors: Shi Xiangyu
Published: July 2022

This paper evaluates the consequences of the recent anti-corruption campaign for economic growth in China by answering how anti-corruption shocks are transmitted in city leaders’ social networks and affect their performance. The removal of corrupt officials creates job vacancies and increases the likelihood of promotion for their peers in the same social network; it also intensifies the intra-factional competition, which is a result of factional persistence. The GDP growth rate in a city registers a 2.5 percentage point increase following the investigation of the city leader’s connected politicians, while long-term issues, such as education and the environment, are compromised. The impact of anti-corruption shocks decays as the source is more distant in the network.JEL Classification: D72, D73, M51, P16, O12, O43, O47
SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Brazilian boarding school: the largest school community COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Cherem José , de Castro Joseane , Pylro Victor , Alvarenga Ingrid , Souza Karla , Ferreira Sidney , Rocha Denise , Barçante Joziana
Published: July 2022

In this retrospective case series study of outbreak infections with SARS-CoV-2 in a boarding school, it was possible to verify the rapid viral spread circulating among the individuals. This study suggests that sentinel coronavirus environmental monitoring can contribute to detecting the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
“It’s Not What it Looks Like!” Early Attention is Captured by Attractive Faces
Authors: Owens Rebecca , Rafferty Shannon , Knight Helen C.
Published: July 2022

Objective: Despite the notion of extra pair mating interests being controversial in Western societies, it may be that attending to attractive others is an adaptive and automatic process which informs and maintains plasticity in mating strategies. Previous research has examined this though later attentional processes in relation to potential mates. The current study examines this potential adaptive process further by using early attentional capture, which is beyond conscious control, to examine attentional bias towards attractive faces.Methods: In addition to providing self-report measures relevant to extra-pair interests, participants completed two flicker tasks, each comprising a grid of faces of the gender participants indicated they were most attracted to. Half of the faces were rated as attractive and half as unattractive. In one task, an attractive face was substituted for another attractive face, and in the other an unattractive face was substituted for another unattractive face. Change detection latency differences for attractive vs unattractive faces was measured as an indication of attentional bias towards potential mates.Results: Sociosexual desires predicted a quicker response time to attractive faces relative to unattractive faces. Relationship status, sex of the participant, sociosexual attitudes, sociosexual behaviours, and self-reported sexual and romantic interests outside of the primary relationship did not predict response time on the flicker tasks.Conclusions: The results suggest early attentional processes are adaptively biased towards potential mates in a given environment, calibrating and maintaining plasticity in mating strategies. However, this does not necessarily indicate an inclination towards infidelity.
Stereotactic body radioablation therapy as an immediate and early term antiarrhythmic palliative therapeutic choice in patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Aras Dursun , Çetin Elif Hande Özcan , Ozturk Huseyin Furkan , Ozdemir Elif , Kara Meryem , Ekizler Firdevs Aysenur , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Korkmaz Ahmet , Kervan Umit , Turhan Nesrin , Coskun Nazim , Tezcan Yilmaz , Huang Henry , Aksu Tolga , Topaloglu Serkan
Published: July 2022

Background: Stereotactic body radioablation therapy (SBRT) has recently been introduced with the ability to provide ablative energy noninvasively to arrhythmogenic substrate while reducing damage to normal cardiac tissue nearby and minimizing patients' procedural risk. There is still debate regarding whether SBRT has a predominant effect in the early or late period after the procedure. We sought to assess the time course of SBRT's efficacy as well as the value of using a blanking period following a SBRT session.Methods: Eight patients (mean age 58 ±14 years) underwent eight SBRT sessions for refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT). SBRT was given using a linear accelerator device with a total dose of 25 Gy to the targeted area.Results: During a median follow-up of 8 months, all patients demonstrated VT recurrences, however, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapies were significantly reduced with SBRT (8.46 to 0.83/per month, p=0.047; 18.50 to 3.29/per month, p=0.036, respectively). While analyzing the temporal SBRT outcomes, the two weeks to 3 months period demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. After 6 months, one patient was ICD therapy-free and the remaining patients demonstrated VT episodes. Conclusions: Our findings showed that the SBRT was associated with a marked reduction in the burden of VT and ICD interventions especially during first 3 months. Although SBRT doesn’t seem to succeed complete termination of VT in long-term period, our findings support the strategy that SBRT can be utilized for immediate antiarrhythmic palliation in critically ill patients with otherwise untreatable refractory VT and electrical storm.
Preterm neonates show a “catch-up” pattern toward full-term in motor development during the neonatal period: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Feng Yuying , Cheng Yannan , Li Xianjun , Ge Yao , Liu Congcong , Wang Miaomiao , Wei Xiaocheng , Wang Xiaoyu , Sun Qinli , Yang Jian , Jin Chao
Published: July 2022

Preterm infants show high risk for subsequent neurodevelopmental disability. Early developmental characterization of brain and neurobehavioral function is critical for identifying the high-risk infants, and thus guiding the necessary intervention. This paper aims to elaborate the early evolution of preterm sensorimotor function by exploring the postnatal age-related changes of brain white matter (WM) microstructure and neurobehavioral abilities during the neonatal stage. One hundred eighteen neonates without abnormality on MRI were included. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) and neonatal neurobehavioral assessment were separately used to characterize the brain WM microstructure and neurobehavioral development levels. The scatterplot with linear fitting and Pearson correlation was used to investigate the relationships of WM FA and neurobehavioral scores (active tone and behavior) with postnatal age separately for preterm and term neonates. Here, OR (optical radiation), AR (auditory radiation), CST (corticospinal tract), PTR (posterior thalamic radiation) and thal-PSC (thalamus-primary somatosensory cortex) were selected as WMs of interest. Significant correlations of FA with postnatal age were found in preterm CST (P = 0.042), term OR (P = 0.018) and term PTR (P = 0.002). In contrast to term neonates, preterm showed an obviously higher correlation in CST (r = 0.29 vs 0.08), while lower correlations in visual, auditory and somatosensory-associated WMs. Similarly, relatively higher and lower correlations in preterm active tone (r = 0.48 vs 0.35) and behavioral scores (r = 0.36 vs 0.52) were respectively observed. Although being delayed, preterm neonates show a “catch-up” pattern toward term neonates in motor development in the newborn stage, suggesting early intervention may work well in motor function improvement.
Outdoor THz fading modeling by means of Gaussian Mixture Distribution
Authors: Papasotiriou Evangelos N. , Boulogeorgos Alexandros-Apostolos A. , Alexiou Angeliki
Published: July 2022

Terahertz (THz) band offers a vast amount of bandwidth and is envisioned to become a key enabler for a number of nextgeneration wireless applications. In this direction, appropriate channel models, encapsulating the large and small-scale fadingphenomena, need to be developed for both indoor and outdoor communications environments. The THz large-scale fadingcharacteristics has been extensively investigated for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The study of indoor THz small-scalefading has recently gained the momentum, while the small-scale fading of outdoor THz wireless channels has not yet beeninvestigated. Motivated by this, this contribution introduces Gaussian mixture (MG) distribution as a suitability small-scalefading model for outdoor THz wireless links. In more detail, multiple outdoor THz wireless measurements recorded at differenttransceiver separation distance are feed to an expectation-maximization (EM) fitting algorithm, which returns the parameters ofthe MG probability density function. The fitting accuracy of the analytical GMs is evaluated in terms of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov,Kullback-Leibler (KL) and root-mean-square-error (RMSE) tests. The results reveal that as the number of mixtures increasesthe resulting analytical GMs perform a better fit to the empirical distributions. In addition, the KL and RMSE metrics indicatethat the increase of mixtures beyond a particular number result to no significant improvement of the fitting accuracy.
Insecticide resistance intensity and efficacy of synergists with pyrethroids in Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Southern Togo
Authors: Apetogbo Yawo , Ahadji-Dabla Koffi M. , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Amoudji Adjovi D. , Koffi Edoh , Akagankou Kossivi I. , Bamogo Rabila , Ngaffo Kelly Lionelle , Maiga Samina , Atcha‑Oubou Rachid T. , Dorkenoo Ameyo M. , Vizcaino Lucrecia , Lenhart Audrey , Diabaté Abdoulaye , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Ketoh Guillaume Koffivi
Published: July 2022

Background: This study was designed to provide insecticide resistance data for decision making in terms of resistance management plans in Togo. Methods: The susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) to insecticides used in public health was assessed using the WHO tube test protocol. Pyrethroid resistance intensity bioassays were performed following the CDC bottle test protocol. The activity of detoxification enzymes was tested using the synergists PBO, DEF, and EA. Species-specific identification of An. gambiae s.l. and kdr mutation genotyping were performed using PCR techniques. Results: Local populations of An. gambiae s.l. showed full susceptibility (i.e., mortality rates (MR) = 100%) to pirimiphos methyl at Lomé, Kovié, Anié, and Kpèlè Toutou. At Baguida, mortality was 90%, indicating possible resistance to pirimiphos methyl. Resistance was recorded to DDT (MR: 2-20.5%), bendiocarb (MR: 15-62.5%), and propoxur (MR: 19.25-51.75%) at all sites. A high intensity of pyrethroid resistance was recorded and the detoxification enzymes contributing to resistance were oxidases, esterases, and glutathione-s-transferases based on the synergist tests. An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii were the main species identified. High kdr L1014F and low kdr L1014S allele frequencies were detected at all localities. Conclusion: This study suggests the need to reinforce current insecticide-based malaria control interventions (IRS and LLINs) with complementary tools.
WITHDRAWN: Mechanism of flame stabilization in millimeter-scale continuous-flow reactors
Authors: Chen Junjie
Published: July 2022

Flame stabilization is an issue of considerable fundamental importance to combustor design. This importance is highlighted by the recent emphasis on low nitrogen oxides burners, where flame stability is often adversely affected by nitrogen oxides reduction strategies. Flame stabilization theories generally recognize the importance of local ignition, flame propagation, extinction, and reignition phenomena as factors controlling flame stability. Computations are performed to gain insights into the complexity of the combustion reaction mechanism in millimeter-scale continuous-flow reactors. The characteristics of physical processes that transfer mass and energy by diffusion or convection occur in gaseous combustion are investigated for millimeter-scale continuous-flow reactors. The results indicate that conditions must be such that the flame is fixed in the combustion chamber. This positioning is required in many practical uses of combustion, and recirculation methods are designed for this purpose. The combustion is stabilized by recirculation of hot combustion products induced by the cavity structure. The principal quantitative characteristic of the flame depends on the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the mixture and on temperature under given conditions of heat loss. The inlet velocity of the mixture is a critical factor in assuring flame stability within the cavity-stabilized burner. There is a narrow range of inlet velocities that permit sustained combustion within the cavity-stabilized burner. Fast flows can cause blowout and slow flows can cause extinction. There exists an optimum inlet velocity for greatest flame stability. The results would be useful for predicting combustion phenomena over wide temperature and concentration ranges.
Quo vadis Papua: case study of special autonomy policies and socio-political movements in Papua
Authors:   , Muslim Muhammad Sofyan
Published: July 2022

This research discusses socio-political movements in Papua as a result of the implementation of special autonomy policies (Otsus) by the government for almost two decades. Theoretically, indigenous Papuans should support it but in empirical reality, Otsus has been considered "fail" by the indigenous Papuan people because there are still many problems that have not been resolved by Otsus. This negative response indicates public dissatisfaction towards the development planning process in Papua. This dissertation aims to examine these issues; why these policies and development plans failed and are protested, why protests against them are prolonged, how do protests develop into social movements, and whether indigenous Papuan movements can be classified as social movements. The study uses qualitative approach, through case study methods. Data are collected through interviews, observations and documentation studies. The research finds that the presence of Otsus in Papua in addition to being a source of new conflict, also triggers conflicts in the form of protests and resistance movements against the government of Indonesia, both physical and political. This research discovers that, indeed the Otsus management has succeeded in changing the face of Papua because of the many physical projects but the development of human aspects and supporting instruments has not been touched at all. Thus, only a small percentage of indigenous Papuans feel the benefits of Otsus, while most of them are still struggling. This paper finds that protests against Otus are due to the growing resentments from the community so long as their demands are not met. This study suggests that the presence of the state in Papua through the Otsus policy must be re-evaluated. The state must ensure that in the Otsus era, the indigenous Papuans should not be marginalized, so that aspirations for the welfare of all indigenous Papuans through Otsus can be realized.
INFLUENCE OF STAKEHOLDERS’ BEHAVIOUR ON DECISION-MAKING IN MANAGING INNOVATIVE PROJECTS
Authors: Smolennikov D. , Pavlenko D. , Kostyuchenko N.
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to analysis of project management peculiarities in modern companies, taking the interaction with stakeholders into account. The focus is on the behaviour of stakeholders while implementating flexible project management methodologies, particularly for innovative projects. The authors made an analysis of the scientific approaches to defining the terms "project management" and "stakeholders". The authors explored the key mechanisms for stakeholder involvement in the development and implementation of projects of a modern company that implements the Agile methodology (particularly Scrum). The peculiarities of innovative projects, their main stages of development as well as involvement of stakeholders were considered in the paper. The analysis of stakeholders’ influence on the company’s innovative project activity was carried out. The mechanism of interaction between company and stakeholders in the aspect of innovative project activity was offered in the paper. This mechanism demonstrates to decision makers the importance of establishing interaction with company’s stakeholders in the context of its project activities (in particular, using the innovative Agile methodology). This created the background for further research and the formation of a more systematic understanding of the role of stakeholders in the innovative project management. The article focuses on local development projects aimed at implementing the strategic priorities of the territorial community and the relevant territory, and approved in the project part of the strategy. Recommendations were provided on ways to relieve project managers, speed up and optimize project activities, and minimize the risk of deadlines. The article also presents an expanded classification of stakeholders involved in the development and implementation of projects. In particular, the groups of internal and external stakeholders, primary and secondary stakeholder groups, regulatory, functional, diffuse groups and customer groups were studied. The normative, organizational, public and media groups, stakeholder groups in relation to the influence of power and levels of interest are singled out, and the corresponding grouping matrix is ​​given. Emphasis is also placed on the shadow stakeholder group, which functions as a regulator and is associated with political influence on the organization.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DRONE USE IN AGRICULTURE
Authors: Ponomarenko I. , Tarasov V. , Ihnatchenko A. , Khymchenko Yu. , Kovalov B.
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the market of drones for agricultural activities as part of the concept of precision farming; the classification of agricultural drones by structure, use and cameras installed on them is given; the analysis of the world market of drones for today is carried out, and efficiency of introduction of drones in agriculture (on an example of plant growing) is calculated. To analyze the global market for agricultural drones, data were taken from analytical reports and reviews of companies such as: PricewaterhouseCoopers, Markets and Markets, Mordor Intelligence, Fortune Business Insider. The authors used the following research methods: observation method, index analysis, economic-mathematical modeling and deductive method for drawing conclusions. The study was conducted in several stages. First, the classification of drones by structure, use and type of video cameras was studied. At the second stage, on the basis of analytical reports of reputable international companies analyzed the current state of the agricultural drone market and its capacity; identified the prerequisites for the development of the agricultural drone market and the factors that have the greatest impact on the industry; the forecast on the future possible development of the agricultural drone market is analyzed, and the main market players are identified, indicating the country of origin of the companies. At the third stage, the analysis of the introduction of drone technology in crop production for aerial photography and fertilizer application was carried out. The article develops two possible scenarios of farmer's behavior in relation to agriculture: 1) monitor the condition of fields and crop growth with their own vehicle and apply fertilizers using specialized agricultural machinery; 2) perform similar work using drones. The average tariff for fertilizer application in Ukraine and the average salary of a drone operator were used for the calculation. Drones have been shown to be more cost-effective if they increase crop yields by more than 3.85% over five years of using the technology.
The Water Relations of Weil-watered, Mycorrhizal, and Non-mycorrhizal Onion Plants1
Authors: Nelsen C.E. , Safir G. R.
Published: July 2022

The water relations of mycorrhizal onions (Allium cepa L.) were compared with those of non-mycorrhizal controls grown under low and high soil phosphorus conditions. Mycorrhizal plants had higher leaf water potentials, higher transpiration rates, higher hydraulic conductivities and lower leaf resistances than did non-mycorrhizal plants grown in low soil phosphorus conditions. When controls were grown under high soil phosphorus conditions, all 4 parameters were not different from those of mycorrhizal plants. The magnitude of the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on the water relations of the host may, in part, be a function of phosphorus nutrition. The differences in leaf water potentials, transpiration rates and leaf resistances are considered to be the result of the differences found in hydraulic conductivities.
The Influence of Light on Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.). I. Influence of Light Intensity on Plant Development1
Authors: Heins Royal D. , Pemberton H. Brent , Wilkins Harold F.
Published: July 2022

Lily plants were exposed to natural daylight (ND), 50% ND (50% saran), ND plus 16 hours of incandescent (Inc) or ND plus 16 hours of high pressure sodium discharge (HID) lamp light at both University of Minnesota and Michigan State University. Light intensity had no significant horticultural effect on plant development rate that could not be readily explained by temperature. The Inc or HID light source hastened flowering by 5 to 8 days over the ND plants when given from emergence to flower. However, the rate of development from visible bud to flower was not influenced by light intensity. Plant heights were increased by all light treatments when compared to the ND plants. These increases appeared due to photoperiod for the HID treated plants, photoperiod and light quality for the Inc treated plants, and light quantity for the 50% saran-treated plants. The number of flower buds initiated was not affected by light treatment but Inc lighting increased flower bud abortion. Final plant height was highly correlated with height at visible bud; final height being about double the height at visible bud when plants were grown continuously under ND, HID, or 50% saran.
Differential Responses of Dry Bean Genotypes to N and P Fertilization of a Central American Soil1
Authors: Haag W. L. , Adams M. W. , Wiersma J. V.
Published: July 2022

Incorporation of nutrient use efficiency into existing cultivars may be necessary if advances in crop yields are to be maintained while supplies of fertilizer elements are decreasing. To do this we must have some knowledge of the amount of variability present in a species for nutrient‐use efficiency. The objective of this work is to report the diversity present among genotypes of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for nutrient use efficiency. For the purposes of this manuscript, nutrient use efficiency is defined as the ability of a genotype to produce above average yields under low soil fertility conditions and to possess the capacity to produce higher yields when additional nutrients are supplied.

Differential responses of 124 genotypes of dry bean to two levels of soil fertility (N ‐f‐ P) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences among genotypes were observed at each level of fertility. Overall, the high fertility level significantly increased seed yield/plant (W), pods/plant (X), seeds/pod (Y), and single seed weight (Z), whereas genotypes responded differentially to added fertilizer for W, X, Y, and Z. The number of pods/plant (X) exerted a predominant influence on yields at both the low and high fertility levels. The main effect of the high fertility level was to enhance the role of X and Z in influencing seed yield/plant.

Although the response of a genotype to an increased fertility level could not be predicted from knowledge of its performance at a lower fertility level, genotypic responses values realized under high fertility conditions could be predicted reasonably well from their corresponding high fertility means.

Response was not specific to either improved or unimproved lines. We infer from our data that genotypes of beans have unique genetic properties that regulate their responses.
Soil
Authors: Inderjit
Published: July 2022

To exert phytotoxic effects on other plant species, chemicals may have to move to the roots of the target plant through the soil. However, during movement, abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic (microbial) soil barriers can limit the phytotoxicity of chemicals in terms of quality and quantity required to cause injury. Organic matter, reactive mineral surfaces, ion exchange capacity, inorganic ions, and abiotic and biotic factors of soil environment significantly influence allelochemical activity. In this article, the significance of soil in laboratory and field studies on allelochemical interference is discussed.
Effect of Initial Harvest Timing on Cultivar Yield in Cool‐Season Forage Grass Trials
Authors: Hall M. H. , Stout R. C. , Deak A.
Published: July 2022

Cool‐season forage grasses have a range of inter‐ and intraspecies heading dates in the spring. Selecting a manageable harvest schedule that does not confound yield estimates through a harvest × maturity interaction is troublesome in forage variety trials. Our objective was to determine the extent of interaction between cool‐season forage grass maturity and initial spring harvest when estimating total season yield. Cultivars of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) differing in relative maturity were established in silt loam soils in 1997 and 1999 at Rock Springs, PA. Orchardgrass and perennial ryegrass were established at the same site in 2001. After the seeding year, three harvest schedules resulting in four harvests per year were applied: (A) each individual cultivar was harvested when it reached boot stage (R0 stage); (B) all cultivars within a species were harvested when the average cultivar maturity within that species was at boot stage; and (C) all cultivars of all species were harvested when the average maturity of all species/cultivars was at boot stage. Subsequent harvests were taken at 35‐d intervals. There was no cultivar × harvest schedule interaction for dry matter (DM) yields in this research. Tall fescue (12140 kg ha−1 yr−1) was the highest‐yielding and perennial ryegrass (5316 kg ha−1 yr−1) the lowest‐yielding species. Cultivars within each species differed in DM yield. Delaying orchardgrass or smooth bromegrass harvest beyond the boot stage (Harvest Schedule C) resulted in increased yields. The results of this research indicate that timing of initial harvest has no effect on relative cultivar total‐season yield within the species tested.
Yield, Quality, and Profitability of Cotton Produced at Varying Plant Densities
Authors: Bednarz Craig W. , Shurley W. Don , Anthony W. Stanley , Nichols Robert L.
Published: July 2022

Modifying fruit distribution through varying plant density may impact cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fiber quality. This study was conducted to determine how lint yield, fiber quality, and profitability of cotton may be manipulated through plant density. Two cotton cultivars were overseeded and hand‐thinned to 3.6, 9.0, 12.6, and 21.5 plants m−2 at two University of Georgia experiment stations in 2001 and 2002. After the studies were machine‐harvested each year, the seed cotton was shipped to the USDA‐ARS Cotton Ginning Research Unit in Stoneville, MS, for ginning. While ginning, six lint samples were collected per plot and delivered to Cotton Incorporated (Cary, NC) for fiber quality analyses. Net returns were then calculated from yield, quality, and seed cost data. Lint yields were greatest at 12.6 plants m−2 and lowest at 3.6 plants m−2. Of the fiber properties investigated, micronaire and fineness were most affected by plant density. In addition, quality adjustments in price were greatest for micronaire. Thus, avoidance of price discounts for high‐micronaire fiber may occur through adjustments in seeding rate and plant density. Net returns above seed costs were greatest at 12.6 plants m−2 for both cultivars. One cultivar consistently outperformed the other in fiber quality. Results from this study support the findings of others that fiber properties are highly genetically influenced. Thus, to maximize fiber quality, cultivar selection is of greatest importance while management of plant density to maintain or maximize genetic potential is secondary.
English Education Master Students’ Perceptions on Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Academic Writing
Authors: Wijaya Kristian
Published: July 2022

One of the essential factors strongly supported university EFL learners’ academic writing skills development is critical thinking. With the supports of critical thinking skills, university EFL learners will be capable of synthesizing, analyze, and evaluate their ideas to be written effectively in their academic writing products. This present small-scale qualitative study was conducted with the support of qualitative content analysis to obtain clearer data based on the specific phenomenon told by the research participants. 10 items of the Likert-scale questionnaire as well as 5 open-ended written narrative inquiry questions were administered to 16 English Education Master Students batch 2019, Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Based on the obtained research results, the utilization of critical thinking skills progressively enabled graduate university EFL learners to be more strategic, analytical, and proficient academic writers. In addition, the participants also acknowledged that critical thinking skills should be practiced intensively in a long-lengthy process to foster their academic writing skills as well. It is expectantly hoped that these obtained results will shed more enlightenment on the further utilization of critical thinking skills for the betterment of academic writing learning activities in the future.

  

Keywords: Critical Thinking Skills, Academic Writing, English Education Master Students
Deprivation of the right to occupy certain positions or engage in certain activities as a type of punishment
Authors: Tiutiuhin Volodymyr Illich
Published: July 2022

The author analyzes the concept and essence of this type of punishment, the ground, procedure, thresholds and features of its application as the main and as an additional punishment, considers the types of discharges of serving it and the conditions of cancellation of conviction when sentenced to this type of punishment.