bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of Adrenal Vein Sampling With and Without Ultra‐Low Dose ACTH Infusion in the Diagnostic Evaluation of Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Preston Christopher A. , Yong Eric X. Z. , Marginson Benjamin , Farrell Stephen G. , Sawyer Matthew P. , Hashimura Hikaru , Derbyshire Maresa M. , MacIsaac Richard J. , Sachithanandan Nirupa
Published: August 2024

Background

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS), integral to identifying surgically remediable unilateral primary aldosteronism (PA), is technically challenging and subject to fluctuations in cortisol and aldosterone secretion. Intra‐procedural adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), conventionally administered as a 250‐μg bolus and/or 50 μg per hour infusion, increases cortisol and aldosterone secretion and can improve AVS success, but may cause discordant lateralisation compared to unstimulated AVS.

Aims

To assess if AVS performed with ultra‐low dose ACTH infusion causes discordant lateralisation.

Methods

Here, we describe our preliminary experience using an ultra‐low dose ACTH infusion AVS protocol. We retrospectively reviewed the results of consecutive AVS procedures (n = 37) performed with and without ultra‐low dose ACTH (1‐μg bolus followed by 1.25 μg per hour infusion).

Results

Bilateral AV cannulation was successful in 70% of procedures pre‐ACTH and 89% post‐ACTH (p < 0.01). Sixty‐nine percent of studies lateralised pre‐ACTH and 55% post‐ACTH, improving to 79% when both groups were combined. Lateralisation was discordant in 11 cases, including eight in which lateralisation was present only on basal sampling, and three in which lateralisation occurred only with ACTH stimulation.

Discussion

Overall, the decrease in lateralisation rates with ACTH was higher than previously reported for some protocols utilising conventional doses of ACTH. Our results suggest that AVS performed with ultra‐low dose ACTH can cause discordant lateralisation similar to AVS performed with conventional doses of ACTH.

Conclusion

Prospective studies directly comparing low and conventional dose ACTH AVS protocols and long‐term patient outcomes are needed to help define the optimal ACTH dose for accurate PA subtyping.
Evaluation of left ventricular systolic function in opium users by strain echocardiography
Authors: Mohammadi Khadije , Habibi‐Khorasani Shirin , Nasri Hamidreza , Toudeshki Kimia Karimi , Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Davari Nazanin
Published: August 2024

Aims

Heart failure is known as a health problem in the world due to its mortality and burdens on the health care system. Studies remain controversial about the effect of opium usage on systolic heart function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare systolic left ventricular function in opium users with non‐addict people by strain echocardiography and its association with serum apelin level.

Methods

This case–control study was conducted in 2022 at Shafa Hospital in Kerman, Iran, on 50 opium users who referred to the addiction treatment centres and had no history of other substance usage. The addiction is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) and a history of opium consumption for at least 3 years. Fifty healthy people (non‐opium users) who were matched in terms of age and sex were enrolled as a control group. Demographic information of the participants, including age, gender and amount of opium usage, was recorded by questionnaire. Citrated blood samples were taken from all participants in the study, and serum apelin was measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. They underwent transthoracic echocardiography by an expert cardiologist using the same device (Philips Affiniti 50). Echocardiographic systolic parameters have been recorded and compared between the two groups.

Results

In this study, 100 participants, including 50 opium users and 50 non‐opium users (as a control group), were investigated. The mean age was 36.4 ± 5.08 in the opium users' group and 34.14 ± 7.2 in the control group. As both groups were matched, there were 8 (16%) women and 42 (84%) men in each of the two groups. The mean amount of ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were significantly lower in opium users than in the control group (P < 0.001). The results also demonstrated that the serum level of apelin in the addicted persons was lower when compared with the non‐addicted persons (3.4 vs. 9.7; P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Evaluation of systolic left ventricular function in opium users by strain echocardiography showed that opium affects the systolic function of the heart, as observed by a significant reduction in EF and GLS. So opium usage can be considered a risk factor for heart failure and needs more attention in preventive cardiology.
Association between caseload volume and outcomes in left ventricular assist device implantations – a EUROMACS analysis
Authors: Mihalj Maks , Reineke David , Just Isabell A. , Mulzer Johanna , Cholevas Nikolaos , Hoermandinger Christoph , Veen Kevin , Luedi Markus M , Heinisch Paul Philipp , Potapov Evgenij , Gummert Jan F. , Mohacsi Paul , Hagl Christian , Faerber Gloria , Zimpfer Daniel , de By Theo M.M.H. , Meyns Bart , Gustafsson Finn , Hunziker Lukas , Siepe Matthias , Schober Patrick , Schoenrath Felix
Published: August 2024

Aims

This EUROMACS study was conducted with the primary aim of investigating the association between a centre's annual caseload and postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.

Methods and results

A total of 4802 patients identified between 2011 and 2020 from 35 participating centres were dichotomized based on the annual caseload of the treating centre at the time of device implant (≤30 vs. >30 LVAD implantations/year). The primary endpoint was 1‐year survival. Secondary outcomes included overall survival analysis, device‐related adverse events and readmissions. Cumulative follow‐up was 10 003 patient‐years, with a median follow‐up of 1.54 years (interquartile range 0.52–3.15). Patients from higher volume centres more frequently presented in INTERMACS levels 1 and 2, suffered from right heart dysfunction and needed inotropic support. No difference was observed in adjusted 1‐year survival. Adjusted overall survival probability was lower in higher volume centres (p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis of HeartMate 3 devices only, higher volume centres were associated with decreased odds of 1‐year survival (adjusted odds ratio 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.97, p = 0.041). Similar findings were observed in the cumulative (i.e. learning curve) caseload analyses.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing LVAD implantation, centre volume was not associated with 1‐year survival, but was related to device‐related adverse events. Patient profiles differed with respect to centre size. These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing quality improvement initiatives in all centres, regardless of their annual caseload. Efforts are needed to standardize patient selection and preconditioning to further improve patient outcome.
AI‐smartphone markerless motion capturing of hip, knee, and ankle joint kinematics during countermovement jumps
Authors: Barzyk Philipp , Zimmermann Philip , Stein Manuel , Keim Daniel , Gruber Markus
Published: August 2024

Recently, AI‐driven skeleton reconstruction tools that use multistage computer vision pipelines were designed to estimate 3D kinematics from 2D video sequences. In the present study, we validated a novel markerless, smartphone video‐based artificial intelligence (AI) motion capture system for hip, knee, and ankle angles during countermovement jumps (CMJs). Eleven participants performed six CMJs. We used 2D videos created by a smartphone (Apple iPhone X, 4K, 60 fps) to create 24 different keypoints, which together built a full skeleton including joints and their connections. Body parts and skeletal keypoints were localized by calculating confidence maps using a multilevel convolutional neural network that integrated both spatial and temporal features. We calculated hip, knee, and ankle angles in the sagittal plane and compared it with the angles measured by a VICON system. We calculated the correlation between both method's angular progressions, mean squared error (MSE), mean average error (MAE), and the maximum and minimum angular error and run statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for hip, knee, and ankle angular progressions in the sagittal plane during the entire movement were 0.96, 0.99, and 0.87, respectively. SPM group‐analysis revealed some significant differences only for ankle angular progression. MSE was below 5.7°, MAE was below 4.5°, and error for maximum amplitudes was below 3.2°. The smartphone AI motion capture system with the trained multistage computer vision pipeline was able to detect, especially hip and knee angles in the sagittal plane during CMJs with high precision from a frontal view only.
Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle‐Based Polymer (Acrylamide‐N‐Vinyl imidazole)/Nafion Film Modified Screen‐Printed Electrode System for Rapid Determination of Hemoglobin
Authors: Özçelik Hilal , Yaşar Esra , Güner Timuçin , Dokuzparmak Emre , Şarkaya Koray , Akgöl Sinan
Published: August 2024

In medical diagnostics, variations in hemoglobin levels can reveal a variety of prevalent health conditions. Abnormal hemoglobin is known to be connected with diseases like anemia, diabetes, hematemesis, hematuria, and hemoglobinuria. Consequently, there is a significant demand for advanced detection technologies and precise methodologies to accurately track and assess hemoglobin levels. This study demonstrates the potential of a novel molecularly imprinted nanoparticle‐based sensor system to rapidly analyze hemoglobin levels without the need for a laboratory environment. Hemoglobin imprinted‐poly(acrylamide‐co‐vinyl imidazole) [Hb‐imp‐p(AAm‐co‐VIM)] nanoparticles with high affinity and selectivity for hemoglobin were synthesized and loaded onto the surface of a screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with a nafion nanofilm. Nafion has selective ion exchange properties and allows for the enhancement of the electrochemical signal. An increase in signal was observed in the presence of 0.5% Nafion. The Hb‐imp‐p(AAm‐co‐VIM)/Nafion‐SPCE system was employed as the sensor surface for the detection of hemoglobin levels in blood. The Hb‐imp‐p(AAm‐co‐VIM)/Nafion‐SPCE system was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. The linear working range for hemoglobin was observed to be 0.73–15.54 μM (R2: 0.9934), with a calculated limit of detection (LoD) value of 0.24 μM (3.3 S/N). The sensor system exhibited high efficiency at the biological pH value of 7.4. Furthermore, percent recovery values for hemoglobin in blood samples were observed to be between 90.34% and 103.68%. To determine the selectivity of the Hb‐imp‐p(AAm‐co‐VIM)/Nafion‐SPCE electrode system, the current values of the system were investigated in the presence of ascorbic acid, cysteine, glucose, and IgG. The system exhibited high selectivity. Based on the data obtained, it is evident that the Hb‐imp‐p(AAm‐co‐VIM)/Nafion‐SPCE system can detect hemoglobin in biological environments and has the potential for use in disease monitoring systems.
Investigating palaeodune orientations and contemporary wind regimes in Southeast Kazakhstan using a semi‐automated mapping framework
Authors: Nowatzki Maike , Fitzsimmons Kathryn E. , Harder Hartwig , Rosner Hans‐Joachim
Published: August 2024

The Ili‐Balkhash region in southeastern Kazakhstan hosts morphologically diverse dormant desert dune fields and presents an interesting opportunity for geomorphological and palaeoenvironmental studies. Because the morphology of aeolian dunes is primarily driven by wind dynamics, the dormant dunes in the study area may reflect past wind conditions. We assess their concurrence with modern ERA5 wind data to test whether there has been a change in wind regime since the dunes' last phase of activity. Our approach includes dune mapping, the quantification of dune orientations, the modelling of modern bedform orientations, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for temporal context. The centrepiece of our methodological contribution is a novel semi‐automated mapping workflow using geographic object‐based image analysis (GEOBIA) and machine learning (ML) on Sentinel‐2 satellite imagery. Within the scope of a case study, we map dune fields in the Ili‐Balkhash region and quantify dune orientations. We further apply the maximum gross bedform‐normal transport (MGBNT) concept to model bedform orientations matching modern wind regimes for each of the sites. We find that strong winds show better alignment with observed dune orientations than wind regimes comprising all wind speeds. Furthermore, bedform orientations in some of our study sites, namely those that are located in the open plain southeast of Lake Balkhash, do not reflect modern winds. The divergence between dune orientations and wind regime suggests changes in local wind dynamics since the dune fields' last phase of activity.
The effect of psyllium consumption on blood pressure: Systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gholami Zeinab , Paknahad Zamzam
Published: August 2024

Based on available evidence, psyllium has been found to play a role in preventing and improving hypertension. In light of this, the objective of this investigation is to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the effect of psyllium intake on blood pressure. In order to identify suitable publications, we conduct searches using Scopus, ISI Web of Science (WOS), and PubMed, and from 15 March 2022 to 15 July 2022. This study aims to evaluate the impact of psyllium consumption on blood pressure in adults through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We used the fixed‐effects model which are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In this article, 14 RCT studies and 802 participants were included. Psyllium consumption significantly decreases systolic blood pressure (SBP): (weighted mean difference [WMD]: −2.24; 95% CI: −3.13, −1.35; p < .05), and non‐significantly increases diastolic blood pressure (DBP): (WMD: 0.04; 95% CI: −0.52, 0.61; p > .05). Psyllium dosage and duration of consumption had a remarkable linear effect on SBP and DBP. Results showed a significant decrease in SBP and a non‐significant increase in DBP following psyllium consumption.
Visual pathology reports for improved collaboration at multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board
Authors: Fassler Carly , Yalamanchi Pratyusha , Aweeda Marina , Rezk Julie , Murphy Barbara , Lockney Natalie A. , Whitaker Ryan , Rigsby Ryan , Aulino Joseph , Hosokawa Emily , Mehrad Mitra , Ely Kim , Lewis James S. , Derman Evan , LaHood Ed , Rohde Sarah L. , Sinard Robert J. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Topf Michael C.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TB) are the standard for discussing complex head and neck cancer cases. During TB, imaging and microscopic pathology is reviewed, but there is typically no visualization of the resected cancer.

Methods

A pilot study was conducted to investigate the utility of visual pathology reports at weekly TB for 10 consecutive weeks. Faculty‐level participants completed a pre‐survey and post‐survey to assess understanding of resected cancer specimens.

Results

Providers (n = 25) across seven medical specialties completed pre‐survey and post‐survey. Following intervention, providers reported significant improvement in understanding of anatomic orientation of the specimen and sites of margin sampling (mean 47.4–96.1, p < 0.001), ability to locate the site of a positive margin (mean 69.5–91.1, p < 0.001), and confidence in treatment plans created (mean 69.5–89.2, p < 0.001) with the addition of visual pathology reports.

Conclusions

Visual pathology reports improve provider understanding of resected cancer specimens at multidisciplinary TB.
Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh: A narrative review
Authors: Arafat S. M. Yasir , Rajkumar Ravi Philip
Published: August 2024

Background and Aims

Bangladesh has made significant progress in declining maternal mortality in recent decades. However, the available evidence on the various maternal mental disorders in the country has not been comprehensively and critically reviewed to date. This narrative review aimed to assess the mental disorders and associated factors during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh.

Methods

A thorough search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar, and BanglaJOL with search terms at the end of January 2024 to identify the original articles published on psychiatric morbidities during pregnancy and postpartum.

Results

This review included 28 empirical studies published between 2007 and 2023 with a sample size ranging from 100 to 39,434. Two studies were published before 2010, 16 studies were published between 2011 and 2020, and 10 studies were published between 2021 and 2023. No countrywide study was noted, the Bangla Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS‐B) was used in 57% of studies, suicidal behavior was assessed in three studies, postpartum depression (PPD) was featured in 16 studies, and three qualitative studies were noted. The prevalence of PPD ranged from 9% to 51.7%. About 46% of mothers had positive scores for common mental disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders was 14.2%; among them mood disorders were present at 6.1% and psychoses were noted at 4.5%.

Conclusions

There are wide variations in the prevalence of maternal mental disorders in Bangladesh from study to study; a lower prevalence was noted when diagnostic tools were used even though no nationwide study with confirmatory diagnostic tools was noted. Studies with nationwide distribution and diagnostic tools are warranted to understand the problem precisely.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Application on Glutathione‐Related Antioxidant Defense System in Rabbit Eye Tissues
Authors: Ozcan Mehmet , Burus Ayse , Boynuyogun Etkin , Calis Mert , Ozgur Figen , Bayazit Yasemin
Published: August 2024

Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potentially effective therapeutic approach to modulate cellular functions. This study aimed to examine the impact of PBM on reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and glutathione‐related antioxidant defense systems in rabbit eye tissues. A polychromatic light source with an intensity of 2.6 J/cm2/min was used for PBM treatment in New Zealand White rabbits for 12 min. The PBM group (n = 8) received treatments every 2 days for a total of 12 sessions, whereas the control group (n = 8) did not undergo any PBM light exposure during the same period. The application of PBM significantly elevated ROS‐mediated glutathione levels, along with increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and reductase, particularly in corneal tissue (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, PBM treatment effectively enhances antioxidant defense mechanisms in the eye, particularly in corneal tissue, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for managing oxidative stress‐related ocular conditions.
The trajectory of vesicular proteomic signatures from HBV‐HCC by chitosan‐magnetic bead‐based separation and DIA‐proteomic analysis
Authors: Cao Lin , Zhou Yue , Lin Shuai , Yang Chunyan , Guan Zixuan , Li Xiaofan , Yang Shujie , Gao Tong , Zhao Jiazhen , Fan Ning , Song Yanan , Li Dongmin , Li Xiang , Li Zhuo , Guan Feng , Tan Zengqi
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver cancer often associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and liver cirrhosis (LC), underscoring the critical need for biomarker discovery to improve patient outcomes. Emerging as a promising avenue for biomarker development, proteomic technology leveraging liquid biopsy from small extracellular vesicles (sEV) offers new insights. Here, we evaluated various methods for sEV isolation and identified polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as an optimal approach. Subsequently, we employed optimized CS‐based magnetic beads (Mag‐CS) for sEV separation from serum samples of healthy controls, CHB, LC, and HBV‐HCC patients. Leveraging data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry coupled with machine learning, we uncovered potential vesicular protein biomarker signatures (KNG1, F11, KLKB1, CAPNS1, CDH1, CPN2, NME2) capable of distinguishing HBV‐HCC from CHB, LC, and non‐HCC conditions. Collectively, our findings highlight the utility of Mag‐CS‐based sEV isolation for identifying early detection biomarkers in HBV‐HCC.
Small HBV surface antigen drives regorafenib resistance in HCC via KIAA1429‐dependent m6A modification of CCR9
Authors: Lv Zhao , Liu Lijuan , You Jian , Zhou Ping , Su Yaru , Zhao Kexin , Zhang Jiahang , Zhu Fan
Published: August 2024

A substantial body of literature, including our own, points to a connection between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the development of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly against sorafenib. However, the influence of HBV on resistance to regorafenib, another therapeutic agent, has been less studied. In this study, we used the GEO database (GSE87630) and clinical samples to demonstrate that C‐C motif chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) was highly expressed in HBV‐related HCC and predicted poor overall survival. Its overexpression correlated with HBsAg‐positive HCC patients. Both univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis elucidated CCR9 was an independent risk factor for poor overall survival in HCC patients. Our in vitro findings further revealed that HBV structural proteins, small HBV surface antigen (SHBs), triggered an upregulation of CCR9. Functional assays showed that SHBs enhanced HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, increased ABCB1 and ABCC1 expression, and promoted regorafenib resistance via CCR9. Intriguingly, overexpression of HBV plasmid and an AAV‐HBV mouse model both exhibited a significant elevation in global N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) levels. Further investigations revealed that SHBs elevated these m6A levels, upregulated CCR9 and stabilized CCR9 mRNA through KIAA1429‐mediated m6A modification, with sites 1373 and 1496 on CCR9 mRNA being critical for modification. In conclusion, SHBs promoted HCC progression and regorafenib resistance via KIAA1429‐mediated m6A modification of CCR9. Our findings suggested that CCR9 could be a potential prognostic biomarker and a valuable molecular therapeutic target of regorafenib resistance in HBV‐related HCC.
Characterizing human respiratory syncytial virus among children admitted with acute respiratory tract infections from 2019 to 2022
Authors: Philomenadin Ferdinamarie Sharmila , Mohammed Shameema , Jayagandan Sangitha , Ramamurthy Narayan , Ratchagadasse Vimal Raj , Chandrasekaran Venkatesh , Dhodapkar Rahul
Published: August 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus is a major causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in children, especially infants with substantial morbidity and mortality implications. The virus undergoes continuous evolution documented by accumulation of mutations in the glycoprotein gene necessitating vigilant surveillance to provide essential data to epidemiologists and researchers involved in development of vaccines. This study was aimed to perform molecular characterization of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among children ≤ 5 years admitted in hospital. In the current study we observed RSV‐A (2019 (n = 95) and 2021 (n = 61) seasons) and RSV‐B (2022 season (n = 68)). Phylogenetic analysis revealed all RSV‐A strains (n = 47) to be GA.2.3.5 and RSV‐B (n = 22) were classified as GB.5.0.5a. Selection pressure analysis identified one positive (P274L/V) and one negative site (P230T) in RSV–A, while in RSV‐B there was only one negatively selected site (S295). This study spanning over three seasons contributes to RSV evolutionary dynamics in India emphasizing the importance of on‐going surveillance to inform effective public health strategies and vaccine development efforts.
Anorectal physiology and colonic motility in children with a history of tethered cord syndrome
Authors: van der Zande Julia M. J. , Srinivas Shruthi , Koppen Ilan J. N. , Benninga Marc A. , Wood Richard J. , Sanchez Raul E. , Puri Neetu B. , Vaz Karla , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

The understanding of the impact of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) on the physiology of the colorectal area is limited. Our aim was to describe anorectal and colonic motility in children with TCS and compare the findings to those of children with functional constipation (FC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of children with TCS who had an anorectal manometry (ARM) performed at our institution from January 2011 to September 2023. We recorded demographics, medical and surgical history, clinical symptoms, and treatment at time of ARM, ARM findings (resting pressure, push maneuver, rectal sensation, rectoanal inhibitory reflex [RAIR], and RAIR duration), and the final interpretation of colonic manometry (CM) if performed. We identified age and sex‐matched control groups of children with FC.

Results

We included 24 children with TCS (50% female) who had ARM testing (median age at ARM 6.0 years, interquartile range 4.0–11.8 years). All children had constipation at time of ARM. Nineteen children had detethering surgery before ARM was performed. No significant differences in ARM parameters were found between children who had detethering surgery before ARM and children with FC. Among the 24 children, 14 also had a CM performed (13/14 after detethering surgery). No significant differences in colonic motility were found between children with a history of TCS and children with FC.

Conclusions

Anorectal physiology and colonic motility are similar between children with a history of TCS and children with FC, suggesting that the underlying pathophysiology of defecatory disorders in children with and without history of TCS is similar.
Soil pathogenic fungal groups and soil nutrient cycling under land use practices in Liupanshan Mountain in China
Authors: Kang Peng , Pan Yaqing , Zhang Yaqi , Gyrat Azmat , Bai Haocheng , Yan Xingfu
Published: August 2024

Different land‐use practices in temperate forests strongly affect soil quality and soil microbial communities, whereas the assembly and interactions of soil functional fungal communities provide positive feedback. Therefore, the effects of forest ecosystem degradation on the composition of functional soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling are of particular importance. We studied forest ecosystems in the Liupanshan Mountains in the northwestern part of the Loess Plateau and analyzed the relationship of soil fungal community and soil nutrient cycling under different land use practices (natural forest [NF], plantation forest, and farmland [FL]). The results showed that soil pH and electrical conductivity were the highest in FL, whereas the soil carbon cycle index and nitrogen cycle index decreased. The soil total phosphorus content did not change significantly with an increase in available phosphorus content. The change from NF to FL significantly increased the number of operational taxonomic units, diversity, and richness of soil fungal communities. The composition of the soil fungal communities was also strongly influenced by carbon and nitrogen cycle indices. In addition, FL reclamation increased the complexity of the soil microorganism co‐occurrence network, and the interrelationships between soil functional fungal community were enhanced. Pathogenic fungal communities were enriched in FLs, and their relative abundance was significantly regulated by environmental factors such as pH and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. The soil pathogenic fungal community affected carbon and nitrogen cycle indices to varying degrees.
Periodic waveguides revisited: Radiation conditions, limiting absorption principles, and the space of bounded solutions
Authors: Kirsch A. , Schweizer B.
Published: August 2024

We study the Helmholtz equation with periodic coefficients in a closed waveguide. A functional analytic approach is used to formulate and solve the radiation problem in a self‐contained exposition. In this context, we simplify the non‐degeneracy assumption on the frequency. Limiting absorption principles (LAPs) are studied, and the radiation condition corresponding to the chosen LAP is derived; we include an example to show different LAPs lead, in general, to different solutions of the radiation problem. Finally, we characterize the set of all bounded solutions to the homogeneous problem.
Curves defined by a class of discrete operators: Approximation result and applications
Authors: Corso Rosario , Gucciardi Gabriele
Published: August 2024

In approximation theory, classical discrete operators, like generalized sampling, Szász‐Mirak'jan, Baskakov, and Bernstein operators, have been extensively studied for scalar functions. In this paper, we look at the approximation of curves by a class of discrete operators, and we exhibit graphical examples concerning several cases. The topic has useful implications about the computer graphics and the image processing: We discuss applications on the approximation and the reconstruction of curves in images.
Investigation on the characteristics of Q‐switched pulses in an EDFL based on the saturable absorption effect of germanene
Authors: Wu Dehua , Sun Wanggen , Yu Jun , Sun Sujuan , Guo Heze , Sun Xiao , Ma Xiangen , Zhang Xiaodong , Xia Wei
Published: August 2024

In this paper, an all‐fiber passively Q‐switched (QS) Er‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) was designed and successfully demonstrated by innovatively employing germanene as saturable absorber (SA). Due to its low‐warp honeycomb structure and remarkable zero bandgap property, germanene exhibits excellent potential for highly stable broadband pulse modulation. Based on the saturable absorption effect of germanene, a stable passive QS laser output was successfully achieved at 1530 nm under a threshold pump power of 63.7 mW. With the pump power increasing from 63.7 to 403.5 mW, the pulse repetition rate increases from 48.5 to 121.2 kHz accordingly. Meanwhile, we observe that the pulse width was shortened from 3.54 μs to 890 ns. The experimental results prove that germanene nanosheets have a promising future as a Q‐switcher in fiber lasers.
Enhancing lymph node metastasis prediction in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction: A study combining radiomic with clinical features
Authors: Zheng Hui‐da , Tian Yu‐chi , Huang Qiao‐yi , Huang Qi‐ming , Ke Xiao‐ting , Xu Jian‐hua , Liang Xiao‐yun , Lin Shu , Ye Kai
Published: August 2024

Background

The incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEJ) is increasing, and with poor prognosis. Lymph node status (LNs) is particularly important for planning treatment and evaluating the prognosis of patients with AEJ. However, the use of radiomic based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) to predict the preoperative lymph node metastasis (PLNM) status of the AEJ has yet to be reported.

Purpose

We sought to investigate the value of radiomic features based on enhanced CT in the accurate prediction of PLNM in patients with AEJ.

Methods

Clinical features and enhanced CT data of 235 patients with AEJ from October 2017 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 164) or the external testing cohort (n = 71) at a ratio of 7:3. A CT‐report model, clinical model, radiomic model, and radiomic‐clinical combined model were developed to predict PLNM in patients with AEJ. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to screen for independent clinical risk factors. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the radiomic features. Finally, a nomogram for the preoperative prediction of PLNM in AEJ was constructed by combining Radiomics‐score and clinical risk factors. The models were evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC‐ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses.

Results

A total of 181 patients (181/235, 77.02%) had LNM. In the testing cohort, the AUC of the radiomic‐clinical model was 0.863 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.738–0.957], and the radiomic model (0.816; 95% CI = 0.681–0.929), clinical model (0.792; 95% CI = 0.677–0.888), and CT‐report model (0.755; 95% CI = 0.647–0.840).

Conclusion

The radiomic‐clinical model is a feasible method for predicting PLNM in patients with AEJ, helping to guide clinical decision‐making and personalized treatment planning.
An Assessment of the Efficacy of an Online Pain Management Programme During the Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Thompson Dave P. , Ramshead Matthew , Antcliff Deborah
Published: August 2024

Background

Following the outbreak of the Covid‐19 pandemic and associated social distancing requirements, Pain Services were no longer able to deliver face‐to‐face Pain Management Programmes (PMP). As an alternative, the Bury Integrated Pain Service developed an interactive, online programme, delivered via Microsoft Teams videoconferencing technology. However, the efficacy of such programmes is unclear. The aim of this project was to assess whether comparable results were observed with online PMPs as with face‐to‐face PMPs.

Methods

A non‐inferiority study comparing patients attending an online PMP to a historical cohort of patients attending face‐to‐face PMPs. Analyses of variance were performed to assess between group differences and chi squared tests to compare the proportion of patients making clinically meaningful changes in pain, musculoskeletal health, anxiety, depression and self‐efficacy.

Results

24% of patients (n = 9) deemed suitable for the online PMP were unable to participate due to technological difficulties. This resulted in 28 people attending the online PMP. Greater mean reductions in anxiety (GAD‐7 mean difference = 1.9; p < 0.05) and depression (PHQ‐9 mean difference 3.3; p < 0.05) were observed with face‐to‐face PMP and a greater proportion of patients made clinically meaningful improvements in musculoskeletal health (face‐to‐face = 13; online = 5), anxiety (face‐to‐face = 7; online = 1), and depression (face‐to‐face = 11; online = 2).

Conclusions

Some patients appear to obtain significant benefit from online PMPs, but this appeared to be to a lesser extent than face‐to‐face PMPs. It is possible that factors related to the experience of the pandemic influenced these results. However, online PMPs appear to show some promise and further research is warranted to explore the value of online PMPs.
The difference in nerve ultrasound and motor nerve conduction studies between autoimmune nodopathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Niu Jingwen , Ding Qingyun , Zhang Lei , Hu Nan , Cui Liying , Liu Mingsheng
Published: August 2024

Introduction/Aims

Nerve enlargement has been described in autoimmune nodopathy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). However, comparisons of the distribution of enlargement between autoimmune nodopathy and CIDP have not been well characterized. To fill this gap, we explored differences in the ultrasonographic and electrophysiological features between autoimmune nodopathy and CIDP.

Methods

Between March 2015 and June 2023, patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for CIDP were enrolled; among them, those with positive antibodies against nodal–paranodal cell‐adhesion molecules were distinguished as autoimmune nodopathy. Nerve ultrasound and nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed.

Results

Overall, 114 CIDP patients and 13 patients with autoimmune nodopathy were recruited. Cross‐sectional areas (CSA) at all sites were larger in patients with CIDP and autoimmune nodopathy than in healthy controls. CSAs at the roots and trunks of the brachial plexus were significantly larger in patients with anti‐neurofascin‐155 (NF155), anti‐contactin‐1 (CNTN1), and anti‐contactin‐associated protein 1 (CASPR1) antibodies than in CIDP patients. The patients with anti‐NF186 antibody did not have enlargement in the brachial plexus. NCS showed more frequent probable conduction block at Erb's point in autoimmune nodopathy than in CIDP (61.9% vs. 36.6% for median nerve, 52.4% vs. 39.5% for ulnar nerve). Markedly prolonged distal motor latencies were also present in autoimmune nodopathy.

Discussion

Patients with autoimmune nodopathies had distinct distributions of peripheral nerve enlargement revealed by ultrasound, as well as distinct NCS patterns, which were different from CIDP. This suggests the potential utility of nerve ultrasound and NCS to supplement clinical characteristics for distinguishing nodopathies from CIDP.
Optimization‐based pore network modeling approach for determination of hydraulic conductivity function of granular soils
Authors: Mufti Suaiba , Das Arghya
Published: August 2024

A wide range of applications of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is well known in geotechnical, hydrological, and agricultural engineering fields. The standard prediction models for hydraulic conductivity function overlook the complexity of soil pore structure and employ a simplistic approach based on the bundle of capillary tubes. This study proposes an alternative approach employing pore network models calibrated to match soil water retention data to predict the hysteretic hydraulic conductivity function of granular soils. A novel approach to constructing a multidirectional pore network built on an irregular lattice with variable coordination numbers is presented for the realistic representation of soil voids. The geometric and topological parameters of the pore network model are optimized using the genetic algorithm, and adequate pore‐scale processes (piston‐like advance and corner flow during drainage and piston‐like advance, pore body filling, and snap‐off during imbibition) are modeled to get reasonable predictions of hysteretic hydraulic conductivity functions over the entire suction range of granular soils. Comparisons between the pore network model results, standard physically based models, and measured data for a variety of granular soils show that the proposed pore network has a superior performance over other models and compares favorably to the experimental data.
Effectiveness of a Wilms tumour treatment guideline adapted to local circumstances in sub‐Saharan Africa: A report from Wilms Africa Phase II—CANCaRe Africa
Authors: Fufa Diriba , Mdoka Cecilia , Ayalew Mulugeta , Khofi Harriet , Amankwah Emmanuel , Chokwenda Nester , Mezgebu Esubalew , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies M. C. , Kamiza Steve , Chikaphonya‐Phiri Beatrice , Wassie Mulugeta , Atwiine Barnabas , Branchard Mushabe , Gorostegui Maite , Parkes Jeannette , Kudowa Evaristar , Eklu Bernice , Jator Brian , Renner Lorna Awo , Borgstein Eric , Molyneux Elizabeth , Kouya Francine , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Paintsil Vivian , Chitsike Inam , Chagaluka George , Israels Trijn
Published: August 2024

Background

Wilms tumour (WT) is one of the cancer types targeted by the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of Wilms Africa Phase II in sub‐Saharan Africa.

Methods

Wilms Africa Phase II used a comprehensive WT treatment protocol in a multi‐centre, prospective study conducted in eight hospitals in Ethiopia (2), Ghana (2), Malawi, Cameroon, Zimbabwe and Uganda. Eligibility criteria were: age younger than 16 years, unilateral WT, diagnosed between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022.

Results

We included 230 WT patients, median age 3 years, 53% male. Median maximum tumour diameter at diagnosis was 13.6 cm and 33% of patients had metastatic disease. Nephrectomy was performed in 71% of patients, of whom 21% had a tumour rupture. Two‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 41.3% ± 3.9% after a median follow‐up of 17 months (range: 1–33 months), with treatment abandonment considered an event. Treatment abandonment occurred in 26% and death during treatment in 14%. Disease relapse occurred in 10%. Two‐year EFS of the 26 patients who received radiotherapy was 64.5% ± 9.7% with no reported disease relapse.

Conclusion

Patients continue to present late with advanced WT in sub‐Saharan Africa, and their survival is below the 60% GICC target. Prevention of treatment abandonment and treatment‐related mortality remain important. Earlier diagnosis and access to radiotherapy are expected to decrease disease‐related mortality.
Integration of high‐resolution mass spectrometry technology with molecular network analysis and systems biology techniques to elucidate the active ingredients and mechanisms of Shiduqing capsules
Authors: Liu Zhiyan , Li Shuang , Wang Lei , Zhang Wei , Cao Yuanyuan , Bao Chun , Zhang Chenning
Published: August 2024

Rationale

Shiduqing Capsules, a well‐known Chinese patent medicine, are widely used clinically for the treatment of pruritus. However, to date, there is a lack of research on its pharmacological substances and mechanisms of action.

Methods

In the current study, the chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified using UHPLC‐QE‐Orbitrap‐MS technology. Molecular network analysis was employed to identify structurally similar compounds to the known chemical components. The potential molecular targets of the active ingredients were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction website. The identified targets were further analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis through the DAVID database. Molecular docking was used to validate the network pharmacology results.

Results

Ultimately, A total of 51 chemical components of Shiduqing Capsules were identified. Molecular network analysis identified 21 flavonoids and 13 terpenoids. The core targets of these ingredients include TP53, AKT1, and STAT3. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed 1,371 different biological functions and 177 signaling pathways. Molecular docking confirmed the high affinity between multiple core active ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules and pruritus targets.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the effective ingredients of Shiduqing Capsules exert a multifaceted therapeutic effect on pruritus through multiple targets and pathways.
Female economic participation and sustainable development in African countries: The moderating role of governance
Authors: Osinubi Tolulope , Simatele Munacinga
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of female economic participation on sustainable development and the moderating role of governance in African countries using data between 2002 and 2022. Despite the significant contributions of women to the economy, they remain underrepresented in economic governance. The study employs the two‐step dynamic system GMM approaches with fixed effects and Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, and to address potential endogeneity. The findings reveal that while female economic participation positively affects sustainable development, poor governance weakens this relationship, suggesting a substitutive rather than complementary role of governance. The study establishes a governance threshold of 2.667, on a scale of 0–5, above which female economic participation significantly enhances sustainable development. Subregional analyses indicate varying impacts, with governance complementing female economic involvement in Central and Southern Africa but acting as a substitute in East, North, and West Africa. These insights underscore the need for enhanced governance and targeted policies to empower women and promote sustainable development across the African continent and the need for incorporating context.
Coordination Compound Guided a Novel Composite Film with Zn2V2O7 Nanoflake and VO2@Zn2V2O7 Nanoparticle for Enhanced Thermochromism Smart Window
Authors: Xu Huiyan , Wang Shang , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Shuaijun , Hu Riming , Liu Tongyao , Jiang Xuchuan , Yu Xin
Published: August 2024

Thermochromic vanadium dioxide (VO2) can intelligently modulate the transmittance of indoor solar radiation to reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in buildings. Nevertheless, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously improve the luminous transmittance (Tlum) and solar modulation ability (ΔTsol) of VO2. In this study, a novel approach is employed utilizing a coordination compound to finely tune the growth of a VO2 based composite film, yielding a hierarchical film comprising Zn2V2O7 nanoflakes and VO2@Zn2V2O7 core‐shell nanoparticles. Remarkably, the resulting composite films showcase exceptional optical performance, achieving a Tlum of up to 73.0% and ΔTsol of 15.7%. These outcomes are attributed to the antireflection properties inherent in the nanoflake structure and the localized surface plasmon resonance of well‐dispersed VO2 nanoparticles. In addition, the Zn2V2O7‐VO2 film demonstrates remarkable environmental durability, retaining 90% of its initial ΔTsol even after undergoing aging at 100 °C under 50% relative humidity for a substantial period of 30 days – a durability equivalent to ≈20 years under ambient conditions. This work not only achieves a harmonious balance between Tlum and ΔTsol but also introduces a promising avenue for the design of distinctive composite nanostructures.
Nanoscale Graded Nitrogen‐Doping of TiO2 via Pulsed Laser Deposition for Enhancing Charge Transfer in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jung Yonghoon , Yoon Kyung Tak , Park Junhyoung , Choi Hanseul , Kim Seongheon , Kwak Hee Dong , Cho Seong Ho , Kim Taehoon , Lee Jieun , Lee Yun Seog
Published: August 2024

An electron transport layer (ETL) for highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) should exhibit superior electrical transport properties and have its band levels aligned with interfacing layers to ensure efficient extraction of photo‐generated carriers. Nitrogen‐doped TiO2 (TiO2:N) is considered a promising ETL because it offers higher electrical conductivity compared to conventional ETLs made from spray‐pyrolyzed TiO2. However, the application of highly doped TiO2:N in PSCs is often limited by the misalignment of energy band levels with adjacent layers and reduced optical transparency. In this study, a novel approach is introduced to enhance the charge transport characteristics and accurately align the electronic band alignment of TiO2:N layer through nanoscale doping level grading, achieved through the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The TiO2:N ETL with a graded doping profile can combine characteristics of both highly doped and lightly doped phases on each side. Furthermore, a nanoscale doping gradation, employing an ultrathin sub‐layer structure with graded doping levels, creates a smoothly cascading band‐level alignment that bridges the adjacent layers, enhancing the transport of photo‐generated carriers. Consequently, this method leads to a substantial increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE), exceeding 22%, which represents a relative improvement of 11% compared to traditional spray‐pyrolyzed TiO2‐based PSCs.