bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Masticatory muscle sleep background electromyographic activity is elevated in myofascial temporomandibular disorder patients
Authors: Raphael K. G. , Janal M. N. , Sirois D. A. , Dubrovsky B. , Wigren P. E. , Klausner J. J. , Krieger A. C. , Lavigne G. J.
Published: November 2013

Despite theoretical speculation and strong clinical belief, recent research using laboratory polysomnographic (PSG) recording has provided new evidence that frequency of sleep bruxism (SB) masseter muscle events, including grinding or clenching of the teeth during sleep, is not increased for women with chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The current case–control study compares a large sample of women suffering from chronic myofascial TMD (n = 124) with a demographically matched control group without TMD (n = 46) on sleep background electromyography (EMG) during a laboratory PSG study. Background EMG activity was measured as EMG root mean square (RMS) from the right masseter muscle after lights out. Sleep background EMG activity was defined as EMG RMS remaining after activity attributable to SB, other orofacial activity, other oromotor activity and movement artefacts were removed. Results indicated that median background EMG during these non‐SB event periods was significantly higher (P < 0·01) for women with myofascial TMD (median = 3·31 μV and mean = 4·98 μV) than for control women (median = 2·83 μV and mean = 3·88 μV) with median activity in 72% of cases exceeding control activity. Moreover, for TMD cases, background EMG was positively associated and SB event‐related EMG was negatively associated with pain intensity ratings (0–10 numerical scale) on post‐sleep waking. These data provide the foundation for a new focus on small, but persistent, elevations in sleep EMG activity over the course of the night as a mechanism of pain induction or maintenance.
A Francisella virulence factor catalyses an essential reaction of biotin synthesis
Authors: Feng Youjun , Napier Brooke A. , Manandhar Miglena , Henke Sarah K. , Weiss David S. , Cronan John E.
Published: November 2013

We recently identified a gene (FTN_0818) required for Francisella virulence that seemed likely involved in biotin metabolism. However, the molecular function of this virulence determinant was unclear. Here we show that this protein named BioJ is the enzyme of the biotin biosynthesis pathway that determines the chain length of the biotin valeryl side‐chain. Expression of bioJ allows growth of an Escherichia coli bioH strain on biotin‐free medium, indicating functional equivalence of BioJ to the paradigm pimeloyl‐ACP methyl ester carboxyl‐esterase, BioH. BioJ was purified to homogeneity, shown to be monomeric and capable of hydrolysis of its physiological substrate methyl pimeloyl‐ACP to pimeloyl‐ACP, the precursor required to begin formation of the fused heterocyclic rings of biotin. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that distinct from BioH, BioJ represents a novel subclade of the α/β‐hydrolase family. Structure‐guided mapping combined with site‐directed mutagenesis revealed that the BioJ catalytic triad consists of Ser151, Asp248 and His278, all of which are essential for activity and virulence. The biotin synthesis pathway was reconstituted reaction in vitro and the physiological role of BioJ directly assayed. To the best of our knowledge, these data represent further evidence linking biotin synthesis to bacterial virulence.
Radiation of the Nod‐independent Aeschynomene relies on multiple allopolyploid speciation events
Authors: Arrighi Jean‐François , Chaintreuil Clémence , Cartieaux Fabienne , Cardi C. , Rodier‐Goud M. , Brown Spencer C. , Boursot Marc , D'Hont Angélique , Dreyfus Bernard , Giraud Eric
Published: November 2013

The semi‐aquatic legumes belonging to the genus Aeschynomene constitute a premium system for investigating the origin and evolution of unusual symbiotic features such as stem nodulation and the presence of a Nod‐independent infection process. This latter apparently arose in a single Aeschynomene lineage. But how this unique Nod‐independent group then radiated is not yet known.

We have investigated the role of polyploidy in Aeschynomene speciation via a case study of the pantropical A. indica and then extended the analysis to the other Nod‐independent species. For this, we combined SSR genotyping, genome characterization through flow cytometry, chromosome counting, FISH and GISH experiments, molecular phylogenies using ITS and single nuclear gene sequences, and artificial hybridizations.

These analyses demonstrate the existence of an A. indica polyploid species complex comprising A. evenia (C. Wright) (2n = 2x = 20), A. indica L. s.s. (2n = 4x = 40) and a new hexaploid form (2n = 6x = 60). This latter contains the two genomes present in the tetraploid (A. evenia and A. scabra) and another unidentified genome. Two other species, A. pratensis and A. virginica, are also shown to be of allopolyploid origin.

This work reveals multiple hybridization/polyploidization events, thus highlighting a prominent role of allopolyploidy in the radiation of the Nod‐independent Aeschynomene.
Nitrate reductase‐mediated early nitric oxide burst alleviates oxidative damage induced by aluminum through enhancement of antioxidant defenses in roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Sun Chengliang , Lu Lingli , Liu Lijuan , Liu Wenjing , Yu Yan , Liu Xiaoxia , Hu Yan , Jin Chongwei , Lin Xianyong
Published: November 2013

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in the physiological processes of plants. The role of NO release in the tolerance strategies of roots of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under aluminum (Al) stress was investigated using two genotypes with different Al resistances.

An early NO burst at 3 h was observed in the root tips of the Al‐tolerant genotype Jian‐864, whereas the Al‐sensitive genotype Yang‐5 showed no NO accumulation at 3 h but an extremely high NO concentration after 12 h. Stimulating NO production at 3 h in the root tips of Yang‐5 with the NO donor relieved Al‐induced root inhibition and callose production, as well as oxidative damage and ROS accumulation, while elimination of the early NO burst by NO scavenger aggravated root inhibition in Jian‐864.

Synthesis of early NO in roots of Jian‐864 was mediated through nitrate reductase (NR) but not through NO synthase. Elevated antioxidant enzyme activities were induced by Al stress in both wheat genotypes and significantly enhanced by NO donor, but suppressed by NO scavenger or NR inhibitor.

These results suggest that an NR‐mediated early NO burst plays an important role in Al resistance of wheat through modulating enhanced antioxidant defense to adapt to Al stress.
Diacapitular fracture of the mandibular condyle: the current thinking
Authors: Udeabor S.E. , Braimoh B.O. , Obiechina A.E.
Published: November 2013

Diacapitular fracture of the mandibular condyle occurs quite commonly following trauma to the jaws. However, many surgeons shy away from its surgical treatment because of the technical difficulties involved and would rather manage it conservatively. The difficulties range from surgical access and proper repositioning of the fractured segments to the application of mini‐ or micro‐plates. Inadequate treatment can result in limitations in mouth opening, among other complications. Over the years, no clear‐cut guidelines and common ground have been agreed upon across the surgical world with regard to the treatment of this very challenging fracture. Different surgeons at different times have put forward their experiences in the management of diacapitular fractures, and the controversy seems to linger despite advances in surgical techniques and armamentarium. This review article, therefore, is an overview of current thought on the management of diacapitular fractures of the mandibular condyle that is intended to harmonise some of the views in the literature.
Low Mortality and Low Rate of Perceived and Documented Arrhythmias after Cox Maze III Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: JOHANSSON BIRGITTA I. , VÄÄRT OSKAR , EDVARDSSON NILS , NYSTRÖM BRITTA , SCHERSTÉN HENRIK , KARLSSON THOMAS , BERGLIN EVA
Published: November 2013

Background

To report a long‐term single‐site experience of the cut‐and‐sew Cox maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

A total of 232 consecutive patients underwent the Cox maze III procedure for symptomatic therapy‐refractory AF, with concomitant surgery in 34 patients. Follow‐up data were obtained from electrocardiograms, patient visits, questionnaires, and medical files.

Results

There were 103 patients (44%) with paroxysmal AF during 8.8 ± 6.5 years and 129 patients (56%) with nonparoxysmal AF for 7.3 ± 6.7 years. The preoperative New York Heart Association class was better in patients with paroxysmal AF (P < 0.0001); the left ventricular ejection fraction was 59 ± 7% versus 56 ± 8%, P = 0.003, and the left atrial area 24 ± 6 versus 27 ± 6 cm2, P = 0.01. Early and late postoperative adverse events occurred at similar rates. Four patients from each group died of reasons unrelated to surgery. The mean follow‐up was 66 ± 42 (5–155) months. In total, 184/229 (80%) patients were free of documented AF/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia (AF/AFl/AT) off antiarrhythmic drugs (AA) and 189/229 (83%) on or off AA. The hazard ratio (HR) for paroxysmal versus nonparoxysmal AF patients regarding documented AF/AFl/AT was 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4–1.4; P = 0.40). For patients without versus with concomitant surgery, the corresponding HR was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2–0.8; P = 0.008). Of 197 patients (89%) responding to the questionnaire, 41 had sought care for symptoms of arrhythmia, 29 of whom had documented AF/AFl/AT, whereas another six had other arrhythmias.

Conclusion

Cut‐and‐sew Cox maze III surgery provided long‐lasting high efficacy, also in patients with nonparoxysmal AF of long duration and/or concomitant surgery, and was associated with low rates of subsequent adverse events.
Effects of promethazine or dexamethasone pretreatment on mivacurium‐induced histamine release in children
Authors: Xiang Zhou , Yan‐Liang Qu , Xiao‐Yang Song , Yan‐Hui Zhang , Min Chen , Guo‐Shen Gan , Ming‐Chun Wu , Zhong‐Bing Luo , Qing‐li Wang , Guang‐Jun Hu , Ming‐Zhe Qin , Jun Tao
Published: November 2013

Objective

To determine the effects of pretreatment with either promethazine or dexamethasone on mivacurium‐induced histamine release in children.

Methods

Eighty ASA I–II children (4–10 years of age) scheduled for tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 20 per group) designated as either the rocuronium, mivacurium, dexamethasone (DXM), or promethazine group. Children in the DXM and promethazine groups were treated separately with intramuscular DXM 0.2 mg·kg−1 or promethazine 0.5 mg·kg−1 injections 60 min before operation. Radial artery blood samples were collected to quantify plasma histamine concentrations 1 min before and 1, 3, and 5 min after administration of the relaxant. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and skin flushing were recorded at the same time.

Results

No significant decreases in plasma histamine concentrations were observed between groups; however, more stable MAP and HR and less skin flushing were observed in DXM group participants compared with individuals in the mivacurium group (P < 0.05). By contrast, children in the promethazine group had significantly decreased plasma histamine concentrations and stable MAP and HR (without a significant increase in HR) compared with patients in mivacurium group. In addition, skin flushing was significantly decreased compared with that observed in the rocuronium group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Pretreatment with promethazine significantly decreased mivacurium‐induced histamine release in children and provided stable hemodynamics during administration of anesthesia.
Phenology of Paralemanea mexicana (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in a high‐altitude stream in central Mexico
Authors: Jiménez Javier Carmona , García Miriam Guadalupe Bojorge , Rodríguez Rocío Ramírez
Published: November 2013

The morphology and phenology of Paralemanea mexicana (Kützing) Vis et Sheath was evaluated seasonally in a fifth order high‐altitude stream in central Mexico. The gametophytes grew during oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions, and during particular microhabitat conditions: high current velocity (40–240 cm s−1), low to medium irradiance (5–973 μmol photons m−2 s−1), and shallow depth (1–30 cm). The abundance of gametophytes was positively correlated with low temperature, high current velocity and concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus. Interestingly, monoecious gametophytes formed two types of branches, true branches with sympodial pattern originating from meristematic cells in variable number, and abundant false branches produced during the development of the ‘Chantransia’ stage in the surface of the gametophyte or by uniseriate filaments arising within the thallus lumen. These filaments generally produce gametophytes and suggest that they could support the germination of carpospores. The frequently whorled branches are the result of a false branching pattern and are exclusive to P. mexicana. These morphological and reproductive characteristics appear to be biomechanical adaptations to avoid detachment and increase reproductive success. Efficient reproductive strategies of P. mexicana observed in this study can be interpreted as adaptations to successfully colonize streams; however, these features may not have been common in the study region due to restricted microhabitat conditions and geographic isolation.
Nonlinear Frequency Response Analysis of a Multistage Clutch Damper With Multiple Nonlinearities
Authors: Yoon Jong-Yun , Yoon Hwan-Sik
Published: November 2013

This paper presents the nonlinear frequency response of a multistage clutch damper system in the framework of the harmonic balance method. For the numerical analysis, a multistage clutch damper with multiple nonlinearities is modeled as a single degree-of-freedom torsional system subjected to sinusoidal excitations. The nonlinearities include piecewise-linear stiffness, hysteresis, and preload all with asymmetric transition angles. Then, the nonlinear frequency response of the system is numerically obtained by applying the Newton–Raphson method to a system equation formulated by using the harmonic balance method. The resulting nonlinear frequency response is then compared with that obtained by direct numerical simulation of the system in the time domain. Using the simulation results, the stability characteristics and existence of quasi-harmonic response of the system are investigated. Also, the effect of stiffness values on the dynamic performance of the system is examined.
Resolution enhancement of lung 4D‐CT via group‐sparsity
Authors: Bhavsar Arnav , Wu Guorong , Lian Jun , Shen Dinggang
Published: November 2013

Purpose:

4D‐CT typically delivers more accurate information about anatomical structures in the lung, over 3D‐CT, due to its ability to capture visual information of the lung motion across different respiratory phases. This helps to better determine the dose during radiation therapy for lung cancer. However, a critical concern with 4D‐CT that substantially compromises this advantage is the low superior‐inferior resolution due to less number of acquired slices, in order to control the CT radiation dose. To address this limitation, the authors propose an approach to reconstruct missing intermediate slices, so as to improve the superior‐inferior resolution.

Methods:

In this method the authors exploit the observation that sampling information across respiratory phases in 4D‐CT can be complimentary due to lung motion. The authors’ approach uses this locally complimentary information across phases in a patch‐based sparse‐representation framework. Moreover, unlike some recent approaches that treat local patches independently, the authors’ approach employs the group‐sparsity framework that imposes neighborhood and similarity constraints between patches. This helps in mitigating the trade‐off between noise robustness and structure preservation, which is an important consideration in resolution enhancement. The authors discuss the regularizing ability of group‐sparsity, which helps in reducing the effect of noise and enables better structural localization and enhancement.

Results:

The authors perform extensive experiments on the publicly available DIR‐Lab Lung 4D‐CT dataset [R. Castillo, E. Castillo, R. Guerra, V. Johnson, T. McPhail, A. Garg, and T. Guerrero, “A framework for evaluation of deformable image registration spatial accuracy using large landmark point sets,” Phys. Med. Biol. 54, – (2009)]. First, the authors carry out empirical parametric analysis of some important parameters in their approach. The authors then demonstrate, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the ability of their approach to achieve more accurate and better localized results over bicubic interpolation as well as a related state‐of‐the‐art approach. The authors also show results on some datasets with tumor, to further emphasize the clinical importance of their method.

Conclusions:

The authors have proposed to improve the superior‐inferior resolution of 4D‐CT by estimating intermediate slices. The authors’ approach exploits neighboring constraints in the group‐sparsity framework, toward the goal of achieving better localization and noise robustness. The authors’ results are encouraging, and positively demonstrate the role of group‐sparsity for 4D‐CT resolution enhancement.
Complete Genome Sequences of Helicobacter pylori Clarithromycin-Resistant Strains
Authors: Binh Tran Thanh , Suzuki Rumiko , Shiota Seiji , Kwon Dong Hyeon , Yamaoka Yoshio
Published: November 2013

We report the complete genome sequences of twoHelicobacter pyloriclarithromycin-resistant strains. Clarithromycin (CLR)-resistant strains were obtained under the exposure ofH. pyloristrain 26695 on agar plates with low clarithromycin concentrations. The genome data provide insights into the genomic changes ofH. pyloriunder selection by clarithromycinin vitro.
Draft Genome Sequence of Loktanella cinnabarina LL-001
T
, Isolated from Deep-Sea Floor Sediment
Authors: Nishi Shinro , Tsubouchi Taishi , Takaki Yoshihiro , Koyanagi Ryo , Satoh Nori , Maruyama Tadashi , Hatada Yuji
Published: November 2013

This report describes the draft genome sequence of
Loktanella cinnabarina
LL-001
T
, which was the first isolated strain from deep-sea floor sediment of the genus
Loktanella
. The draft genome sequence contains 3,896,245 bp, with a G+C content of 66.7%.
The Rhizobacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.
plantarum
NAU-B3 Contains a Large Inversion within the Central Portion of the Genome
Authors: Wu Huijun , Qiao Junqing , Blom Jochen , Rueckert Christian , Reva Oleg , Gao Xuewen , Borriss Rainer
Published: November 2013

The genome of rhizobacterium
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
subsp.
plantarum
strain NAU-B3 is 4,196,170 bp in size and harbors 4,001 genes. Nine giant gene clusters are dedicated to the nonribosomal synthesis of antimicrobial lipopeptides and polyketides. Remarkably, NAU_B3 contains a large inversion within the central portion of the genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium, Serratia fonticola Strain AU-P3(3)
Authors: Devi Usha , Khatri Indu , Kumar Navinder , Kumar Lalit , Sharma Deepak , Subramanian Srikrishna , Saini Adesh K.
Published: November 2013

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), found in the rhizospheric region of plants, not only suppress plant disease, but also directly improve plant health by improving the availability of nutrients and by providing phytostimulants. Herein, we report the high-quality genome sequence of
Serratia fonticola
strain AU-P3(3), a PGPR of the pea plant, which confers phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production, ammonia production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, and siderophore production and also confers activity against
Rhizoctonia
species. The 5.02-Mb genome sequence contains genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activities.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Arsenate-Respiring Bacterium Chrysiogenes arsenatis Strain DSM 11915
Authors: Coil David A. , Lo Jonathon R. , Chen Roger , Ward Naomi , Robb Frank T. , Eisen Jonathan A.
Published: November 2013

Here we present the draft genome sequence of
Chrysiogenes arsenatis
strain DSM 11915, only the second genome sequence from the phylum
Chrysiogenetes
. This strictly anaerobic organism was isolated from arsenic-contaminated gold mine wastewater and respires arsenate or nitrate instead of oxygen. The assembly contains 2,824,977 bp in 22 scaffolds.
Draft Genome Sequence of Sphingobium ummariense Strain RL-3, a Hexachlorocyclohexane-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Kohli Puneet , Dua Ankita , Sangwan Naseer , Oldach Phoebe , Khurana J. P. , Lal Rup
Published: November 2013

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterium
Sphingobium ummariense
strain RL-3, which was isolated from the HCH dumpsite located in Lucknow, India (27°00′N and 81°09′E). The annotated draft genome sequence (4.75 Mb) of strain RL-3 consisted of 139 contigs, 4,645 coding sequences, and 65% G+C content.
Bovine caesarean section 1. On‐farm operations
Authors: Alexander Dominic
Published: November 2013

Bovine caesarean section (C‐section) is a relatively frequent surgical procedure in farm animal practice. This article describes on‐farm operations, rather than those undertaken in hospital conditions. It covers the conventional C‐section in cattle, where a normal delivery is not possible. The aim is to guide new graduates and those who undertake a small amount of farm animal work through the various stages. A second article, to be published in a subsequent issue of In Practice, will cover complications that can occur before, during and after surgery, as well as describing the more unusual cases that can test even the most experienced surgeons.
Gonococcal antimicrobial resistance: perspectives from the African region
Authors: Ndowa Francis J , Francis Joel M , Machiha Anna , Faye-Kette Hortense , Fonkoua Marie Christine
Published: November 2013

Many countries in Africa have weak surveillance systems for data collection of sexually transmitted infections, and hardly any programmes for gonococcal antimicrobial susceptibility assessment. The widespread adoption of the syndromic approach to the diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted infections has also meant that the collection of a genital specimen for laboratory analysis is no longer routinely done when patients present with genital complaints, and clinical staff and laboratory technicians have lost the skill to collect genital specimens and processing them for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Following reports of gonococcal antimicrobial resistance to quinolones, WHO urged countries to monitor gonococcal antimicrobial resistance in a more systematic and regular manner. Although the response in Africa has been slow to take off, a number of studies have been conducted in a few countries and plans for implementation are in place in others. However, the number of isolates studied has been small in nearly all the countries except one, and the barriers to scaling up gonococcal antimicrobial resistance surveys seem overwhelming. In spite of the studies being few and of small sample sizes, enough information can be discerned to indicate that quinolones can no longer be a medicine of choice for the treatment of gonorrhoea in Africa and the threat of antimicrobial resistance developing inNeisseria gonorrhoeaeto third-generation cephalosporins is real and imminent.
The effects of fungal volatile organic compounds on bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Hokeness Kirsten , Kratch Jacqueline , Nadolny Christina , Aicardi Kristie , Reid Christopher W.
Published: November 2013

Evidence has shown that individuals exposed to indoor toxic molds for extended periods of time have elevated risk of developing numerous respiratory illnesses. It is not clear at the cellular level what impact mold exposure has on the immune system. Herein, we show that 2 fungal volatiles (E)-2-octenal and oct-1-en-3-ol have cytotoxic effects on murine bone marrow stromal cells. To further analyze alterations to the cell, we evaluated the impact these volatile organic compounds have on membrane composition and hence fluidity. Both (E)-2-octenal and oct-1-en-3-ol exposure caused a shift to unsaturated fatty acids and lower cholesterol levels in the membrane. This indicates that the volatile organic compounds under investigation increased membrane fluidity. These vast changes to the cell membrane are known to contribute to the breakdown of normal cell function and possibly lead to death. Since bone marrow stromal cells are vital for the appropriate development and activation of immune cells, this study provides the foundation for understanding the mechanism at a cellular level for how mold exposure can lead to immune-related disease conditions.
Antithrombotic Activities ofEpi-Sesaminin vitroandin vivo
Authors: Ku Sae-Kwang , Kim Jeong Ah , Han Chang-Kyun , Bae Jong-Sup
Published: November 2013

Sesamin (SM) and epi-sesamin (ESM) were isolated from Asarum sieboldii and their anticoagulant activities were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). In addition, the effects of SM and ESM on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were tested in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with ESM, but not SM, resulted in significantly prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, and ESM inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs; and ESM inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, ESM elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, treatment with ESM, but not SM, resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α-induced production of PAI-1, and treatment with ESM resulted in a significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Of particular interest, inhibition of the anticoagulant activity by ESM was more potent than that by SM, likely due to differences between their three-dimensional structures. Collectively, ESM possesses antithrombotic activities and offers a basis for the development of a novel anticoagulant.
GEOMETRY DEPENDENT ONE-WAY PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN INTEGRATED SILICON PHOTONIC WAVEGUIDE
Authors: LIU YE , ZHU HAIBIN , JIANG CHUN
Published: November 2013

We report a new one-way propagation effect of light which only occurs in multi-mode waveguide and can be controlled by adjusting the geometry of light source. Based on such effect, an integrated silicon waveguide composed of two planar waveguides with different thickness is proposed. The two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation results show that complete signal isolation is achieved. Our results suggest that this integrated silicon waveguide may play an important role in future optical devices as long as the ideal source can be generated by the transformation optics method.
QUANTUM-CLASSICAL PHASE TRANSITION OF THE ESCAPE RATE OF TWO-SUBLATTICE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC LARGE SPINS
Authors: OWERRE SOLOMON AKARAKA , PARANJAPE M. B.
Published: November 2013

The Hamiltonian of a two-sublattice antiferromagnetic spins, with single (hard-axis) and double ion anisotropies described by [Formula: see text] is investigated using the method of effective potential. The problem is mapped to a single particle quantum-mechanical Hamiltonian in terms of the relative coordinate and reduced mass. We study the quantum-classical phase transition of the escape rate of this model. We show that the first-order phase transition for this model sets in at the critical value Jc = (Kc+Jz, c)/2 while for the anisotropic Heisenberg coupling [Formula: see text] we obtain Jc = (2Kc-Jz, c)/3. The phase diagrams of the transition are also studied.
Toward a Singleton Undergraduate Computer Graphics Course in Small and Medium-sized Colleges
Authors: Shesh Amit
Published: November 2013

This article discusses the evolution of a single undergraduate computer graphics course over five semesters, driven by a primary question: if one could offer only one undergraduate course in graphics, what would it include? This constraint is relevant to many small and medium-sized colleges that lack resources, adequate expertise, and enrollment to sustain multiple courses in graphics that spread out its vast and evolving content. We strive to include material that would provide (1) a basic but solid theoretical foundation, (2) topics, data structures, and algorithms that are most practically used, (3) ample experience in actual graphics programming and (4) a basic awareness of advanced topics. We have a secondary objective of relating and complementing computer graphics knowledge and programming with topics in other computer science courses to provide a more cohesive understanding to our students. We achieve both objectives by using an “early-scenegraphs” approach to progressively create graphics applications that use XML-based modeling and both pipeline-based and ray traced rendering. We report and analyze results that show how students were able to achieve more complex results within similar time periods while largely retaining prior average student performance in the course. Students also report higher rates of satisfaction with the course when it follows our proposed approach. Pedagogically our main contribution is an evolving blueprint for a single undergraduate CG course that offers flexibility to emphasize different aspects like modeling, rendering, etc. according to the instructor’s and students’ interests, while aligning the course better within the computer science curriculum especially when resources are limited.
Introducing Discipline-Based Computing in Undergraduate Engineering Education
Authors: Magana Alejandra J. , Falk Michael L. , Reese Michael J.
Published: November 2013

This article investigates the effectiveness of a course employing a discipline-based computing approach. The research questions driving this study were: (1) Can experiences with discipline-based computing promote students’ acquisition and application of foundational computing concepts and procedures? (2) How do students perceive and experience the integration of discipline-based computing as relevant to their future career goals? (3) How do students perceive the structure of the class as useful and engaging for their learning? We used qualitative and quantitative research methods to approach the research questions. The population studied was 20 engineering undergraduates from Johns Hopkins University. Results of this study suggest that students performed proficiently in applying computing methods, procedures, and concepts to the solution of well-structured engineering problems. Results also suggest that student self-perceptions of their overall computing abilities and their abilities to specifically solve engineering problems shifted from low to high confidence. Students consistently found the course to be important and useful for their studies and their future careers. They also found the course to be of very high quality and identified the instructors and the teaching and feedback methods employed as very useful for their learning. Finally, students also described the course as very challenging compared with other courses in their own department and at the university in general.
Stability Analysis of Stochastic Markovian Jump Neural Networks with Different Time Scales and Randomly Occurred Nonlinearities Based on Delay-Partitioning Projection Approach
Authors: Duan Jianmin , Hu Manfeng , Yang Yongqing , Guo Liuxiao
Published: November 2013

In this paper, the mean square asymptotic stability of stochastic Markovian jump neural networks with different time scales and randomly occurred nonlinearities is investigated. In terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach and delay-partitioning projection technique, delay-dependent stability criteria are derived for the considered neural networks for cases with or without the information of the delay rates via new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals. We also obtain that the thinner the delay is partitioned, the more obviously the conservatism can be reduced. An example with simulation results is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
It Works Both Ways: Transfer Difficulties between Manipulatives and Written Subtraction Solutions
Authors: Uttal David H. , Amaya Meredith , del Rosario Maita Maria , Hand Linda Liu , Cohen Cheryl A. , O’Doherty Katherine , DeLoache Judy S.
Published: November 2013

Three experiments compared performance and transfer among children aged 83–94 months after written or manipulatives instruction on two-digit subtraction. In Experiment 1a, children learned with manipulatives or with traditional written numerals. All children then completed a written posttest. Experiment 1b investigated whether salient or perceptually attractive manipulatives affected transfer. Experiment 2 investigated whether instruction with writing would transfer to a manipulatives-based posttest. Children demonstrated performance gains when the posttest format was identical to the instructed format but failed to demonstrate transfer from the instructed format to an incongruent posttest. The results indicate that the problem in transferring from manipulatives instruction to written assessments stems from a general difficulty in using knowledge gained in one format (e.g., manipulatives) in another format (e.g., writing). Taken together, the results have important implications for research and teaching in early mathematics. Teachers should consider making specific links and alignments between written and manipulatives-based representations of the same problems.
2D Dubins Path in Environments with Obstacle
Authors: Yang Dongxiao , Li Didong , Sun Huafei
Published: November 2013

We recapitulate the achievement about the Dubins path as well as some precise proofs which are important but omitted by Dubins. Then we prove that the shortest path (R*-geodesic) in environments with an obstacle consists of no more than five segments, each of which is either an arc or a straight line. To obtain suchR*-geodesic, an effective algorithm is presented followed by a numerical simulation as verification.
Photoreflectance Spectroscopy Characterization of Ge/Si0.16Ge0.84Multiple Quantum Wells on Ge Virtual Substrate
Authors: Hsu Hung-Pin , Yang Pong-Hong , Huang Jeng-Kuang , Wu Po-Hung , Huang Ying-Sheng , Li Cheng , Huang Shi-Hao , Tiong Kwong-Kau
Published: November 2013

We report a detailed characterization of a Ge/Si0.16Ge0.84multiple quantum well (MQW) structure on Ge-on-Si virtual substrate (VS) grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition by using temperature-dependent photoreflectance (PR) in the temperature range from 10 to 300 K. The PR spectra revealed a wide range of optical transitions from the MQW region as well as transitions corresponding to the light-hole and heavy-hole splitting energies of Ge-on-Si VS. A detailed comparison of PR spectral line shape fits and theoretical calculation led to the identification of various quantum-confined interband transitions. The temperature-dependent PR spectra of Ge/Si0.16Ge0.84MQW were analyzed using Varshni and Bose-Einstein expressions. The parameters that describe the temperature variations of various quantum-confined interband transition energies were evaluated and discussed.
Local Convergence of Newton’s Method on Lie Groups and Uniqueness Balls
Authors: He Jinsu , Wang Jinhua , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: November 2013

An estimation of uniqueness ball of a zero point of a mapping on Lie group is established. Furthermore, we obtain a unified estimation of radius of convergence ball of Newton’s method on Lie groups under a generalizedL-average Lipschitz condition. As applications, we get estimations of radius of convergence ball under the Kantorovich condition and theγ-condition, respectively. In particular, under theγ-condition, our results improve the corresponding results in (Li et al. 2009, Corollary 4.1) as showed in Remark 17. Finally, applications to analytical mappings are also given.
An LMI-BasedH∞Control Approach for Networked Control Systems with Deadband Scheduling Scheme
Authors: Chen Hui-ying , Li Zu-xin , Wang Yan-feng
Published: November 2013

Due to the bandwidth constraints in the networked control systems (NCSs), a deadband scheduling strategy is proposed to reduce the data transmission rate of network nodes. A discrete-time model of NCSs is established with both deadband scheduling and network-induced time-delay. By employing the Lyapunov functional and LMI approach, a state feedbackH∞controller is designed to ensure the closed-loop system asymptotically to be stable withH∞performance index. Simulation results show that the introduced deadband scheduling strategy can ensure the control performance of the system and effectively reduce the node's data transmission rate.
A Branch and Bound Reduced Algorithm for Quadratic Programming Problems with Quadratic Constraints
Authors: Gao Yuelin , Li Feifei , Jin Siqiao
Published: November 2013

We propose a branch and bound reduced algorithm for quadratic programming problems with quadratic constraints. In this algorithm, we determine the lower bound of the optimal value of original problem by constructing a linear relaxation programming problem. At the same time, in order to improve the degree of approximation and the convergence rate of acceleration, a rectangular reduction strategy is used in the algorithm. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective and can solve small- and medium-sized problems.
Single-Machine Scheduling with Accelerating Learning Effects
Authors: Cheng T. C. E. , Tseng Shih-Chang , Lai Peng-Jen , Lee Wen-Chiung
Published: November 2013

Scheduling with learning effects has been widely studied. However, there are situations where the learning effect might accelerate. In this paper, we propose a new model where the learning effect accelerates as time goes by. We derive the optimal solutions for the single-machine problems to minimize the makespan, total completion time, total weighted completion time, maximum lateness, maximum tardiness, and total tardiness.
A Class of Fuzzy Variational Inequality Based on Monotonicity of Fuzzy Mappings
Authors: Wu Zezhong , Xu Jiuping
Published: November 2013

Invex monotonicity and pseudoinvex monotonicity of fuzzy mappings are introduced in this paper, and relations are discussed between invex monotonicity (pseudoinvex monotonicity) and invexity (pseudoinvexity) of fuzzy mappings. The existence of a solution to the fuzzy variational-like inequality is discussed, and the existence theorem can be achieved. Furthermore, some extended properties of the fuzzy variational-like inequality are researched. Finally, method of solution is discussed based on genetic algorithm.
Preparation of Polyaniline-Doped Fullerene Whiskers
Authors: Wang Bingzhe , Gao Xin , Piao Guangzhe
Published: November 2013

Fullerene C60whiskers (FWs) doped with polyaniline emeraldine base (PANI-EB) were synthesized by mixing PANI-EB/N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) colloid and FWs suspension based on the nature of the electron acceptor of C60and electron donor of PANI-EB. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectra characterized the morphology and molecular structure of the FWs doped with PANI-EB. SEM observation showed that the smooth surface of FWs was changed to worm-like surface morphology after being doped with PANI-EB. The UV-Vis spectra suggested that charge-transfer (CT) complex of C60and PANI-EB was formed as PANI-EBδ+-C60δ-. PANI-EB-doped FWs might be useful as a new type of antibacterial and self-cleaning agent as well as multifunctional material to improve the human health and living environment.
Increased Signal Complexity Improves the Breadth of Generalization in Auditory Perceptual Learning
Authors: Brown David J. , Proulx Michael J.
Published: November 2013

Perceptual learning can be specific to a trained stimulus or optimally generalized to novel stimuli with the breadth of generalization being imperative for how we structure perceptual training programs. Adapting an established auditory interval discrimination paradigm to utilise complex signals, we trained human adults on a standard interval for either 2, 4, or 10 days. We then tested the standard, alternate frequency, interval, and stereo input conditions to evaluate the rapidity of specific learning and breadth of generalization over the time course. In comparison with previous research using simple stimuli, the speed of perceptual learning and breadth of generalization were more rapid and greater in magnitude, including novel generalization to an alternate temporal interval within stimulus type. We also investigated the long term maintenance of learning and found that specific and generalized learning was maintained over 3 and 6 months. We discuss these findings regarding stimulus complexity in perceptual learning and how they can inform the development of effective training protocols.
Metaplastic Carcinoma of the Breast with Chondroid Differentiation (Matrix-Producing Carcinoma): Study of the Diagnostic Cost-Effectiveness of Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Needle Core Biopsy
Authors: Soler Monsó M.T. , Català I. , Terricabras M. , Petit A. , Climent F. , Pérez-Casanovas L. , Gumà A. , Morilla I.
Published: November 2013

Metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation (MMPC) is a subtype of breast metaplastic carcinoma with mesenchymal differentiation. Although fine-needle aspiration (FNAB) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) are commonly used for the diagnosis of breast cancer, not enough studies proving the diagnostic cost-effectiveness of these techniques for the identification of MMPC have been published so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the concordance between the presurgical diagnosis using FNAB/CNB and the definitive diagnosis in the surgical specimen in pure MMPC. A case of MMPC is also reported. Study Design: All cases of MMPC diagnosed in our institution from 1995 to 2011 were reviewed. The presence of chondroid differentiation in cytological studies or biopsies and the proportion of chondroid matrix in the surgical specimen were evaluated. Results: A total of 13 cases of pure MMPC were collected. The diagnosis was suspected in 25% of FNABs and was rendered in 40% of CNBs. Conclusions: The chondroid component in MMPC is hard to identify by FNAB and CNB. The random distribution and proportion of the chondroid differentiation in the tumour and the expertise in performing the technique and in identifying the chondroid component may play an important role in the diagnosis of MMPC using these techniques.
Mucus and the Goblet Cell
Authors: Johansson Malin E.V. , Hansson Gunnar C.
Published: November 2013

The discovery of an inner mucus layer normally impervious to bacteria has changed our way of understanding the interaction between commensal bacteria and the host epithelial cells. This inner colon mucus layer is rapidly renewed and converted into the outer mucus layer by host controlled endogenous proteolytic processing. The mucus characteristics esteem from the properties of the main protein component of these layers, the MUC2 mucin. This forms an enormously large net-like structure that builds the laminated inner mucus layer that largely acts as a size exclusion filter excluding bacteria. In the absence of MUC2 mucin, there is no inner mucus layer and bacteria reach the epithelial cell surface, penetrate the crypts and are also found inside epithelial cells, something that leads to severe inflammation. Other mouse models that spontaneously develop colitis due to different defects, like an absent ion channel (Nhe3) or immunological mediators (Tlr5, IL-10), all also have a defective inner colon mucus layer. Human patients with active ulcerative colitis have this layer penetrable to bacteria and beads the size of bacteria. Some of the ulcerative colitis patients in remission have a normal mucus layer whereas others have a penetrable inner mucus layer. Together, this suggests that the inner mucus layer and its integrity is important for the protection of the colon epithelium and inhibiting activation of the immune system as in ulcerative colitis.
Confounding Factors and Diagnostic Accuracy of Imprint Cytology
Authors: Yadav Gatha Singh , Donoghue Mandana , Tauro David P. , Bharani Siva , Kumar Mohan , Yadav Ashutosh
Published: November 2013

Background: Eradication of malignant tumors at the primary site with oncological safe margin is a critical requirement for obtaining better survival rate and less recurrence. Touch imprint cytology (TIC) has proven itself as a quick, simple, inexpensive, highly accurate and reliable intraoperative technique to assess surgical margins in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. However, it is still unclear how the mode of excision, i.e. by scalpel (SC) and electrocautery (EC), or the method of staining, i.e. Papanicolaou (PAP) and cytohaem, affect the diagnostic accuracy of TIC. Objective: To study the influence of confounding factors like mode of excision (EC/SC) and staining (PAP/cytohaem) on the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative TIC technique for assessing surgical margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma in comparison to paraffin-embedded HE-stained sections. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients underwent surgical treatment for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma. Three hundred and forty-eight touch imprint slides were prepared from 174 margins of 30 resected tumor specimens. Two adjacent tissues from the margin to be evaluated were imprinted to observe differences between surfaces excised by EC and SC. The set of imprint from each margin tissue was stained with PAP and cytohaem. The TIC results of 180 EC-excised margins and 168 SC-excised margins were compared. Results of 174 imprints stained with RAPID-PAP were compared to their counterpart comprising of 174 cytohaem-stained imprints. The slides were diagnosed as positive, negative or suspicious for tumor. Finally, TIC results were checked against their respective histopathological sections. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the results of imprints from EC/SC-excised margins (Z = 0.44, p = 0.70) or the imprints stained with PAP/cytohaem (Z = 0.44, p = 0.70). Conclusion: Confounding factors like mode of excision and staining procedure do not significantly influence the results of imprint cytology.
Term Vaginal Delivery following Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Type II Vasa Previa
Authors: Johnston R. , Shrivastava V.K. , Chmait R.H.
Published: November 2013

Unrecognized vasa previa carries a significant risk of fetal mortality. Advances in ultrasound have improved detection of vasa previa and led to a dramatic reduction in fetal morbidity and mortality. However, current management strategies require prolonged hospitalized surveillance, preterm delivery prior to the onset of labor or rupture of membranes, and a cesarean delivery. Fetoscopic laser ablation of type II vasa previa allows for the possibility of term vaginal delivery. We present a patient who underwent successful laser photocoagulation of a type II vasa previa at 325/7 weeks' gestation. She subsequently delivered vaginally at term without complications. The potential benefits of definitive in utero treatment of non-type I vasa previa, such as vaginal delivery at term, must be weighed against the procedure-related risks of operative fetoscopy.