bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMING A HEALTHY LIFE OF STUDENTS THROUGH NATIONAL VALUES
Authors:   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Imangaliyev A.S. , Aristangaliyeva A.G. ,   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau, Kazakhstan, Kasymgali G.M. ,   Atyrau State University named after Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the problem of forming a healthy lifestyle for the students through the national values, the importance of many historical, cognitive, ideological events, national games based on the values transmitted from generation to generation. Referring to the documents on the development of health care in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it was found that a healthy lifestyle is, first of all, an intensive activity aimed at maintaining and strengthening health. As a result of the analysis of scientific, pedagogical, psychological and medical literature, several aspects of health are considered in terms of physical health, mental health, moral health, social health. By revealing the importance of a healthy lifestyle it was revealed that everything depends on the proper organization of physical activity, physical preparation, proper nutrition, the prevention of injuries and infectious diseases, the avoidance of bad habits, the prevention of stress and conflict, the ability to protect the human body, and the environmental impact on health.
PROBLEMS TEACHING PRIMARY SCHOOL SUBJECTS THROUGH A META-SUBJECT APPROACH
Authors:   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai, Zhumabayeva Zh. , Uaisova G. ,   Kazakh national pedagogical University named after Abai
Published: June 2021

Therefore in our article we analyzed the works of scientists who studied the concept of "Meta-subject", "interdisciplinary approach." At the same time, we discussed methods and approaches to teaching primary school subjects through a meta-subject approach. If the methodology of teaching subjects in various subject areas of primary education is based on a theoretical approach and its methodology is adopted, this will allow students to develop the kazakh language, as well as master language skills. In this regard, primary school teachers were given explanations about the meta-subject approach. And also a special task template was developed for schoolchildren and tested. As a result, it was concluded that the chosen methodology, training system and task models allow conducting meta-subject training in primary education subjects to achieve the proposed results. This, in turn, contributes to the comprehensive development of students as a person.
CASCADE – The Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE
Authors: Martens Jannik , Romankevich Evgeny , Semiletov Igor , Wild Birgit , van Dongen Bart , Vonk Jorien , Tesi Tommaso , Shakhova Natalia , Dudarev Oleg V. , Kosmach Denis , Vetrov Alexander , Lobkovsky Leopold , Belyaev Nikolay , Macdonald Robie W. , Pieńkowski Anna J. , Eglinton Timothy I. , Haghipour Negar , Dahle Salve , Carroll Michael L. , Åström Emmelie K. L. , Grebmeier Jacqueline M. , Cooper Lee W. , Possnert Göran , Gustafsson Örjan
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Biogeochemical cycling in the semi-enclosed Arctic Ocean is strongly
influenced by land–ocean transport of carbon and other elements and is
vulnerable to environmental and climate changes. Sediments of the Arctic
Ocean are an important part of biogeochemical cycling in the Arctic and
provide the opportunity to study present and historical input and the fate of
organic matter (e.g., through permafrost thawing). Comprehensive sedimentary records are required to compare differences
between the Arctic regions and to study Arctic biogeochemical budgets. To
this end, the Circum-Arctic Sediment CArbon DatabasE (CASCADE) was
established to curate data primarily on concentrations of organic carbon
(OC) and OC isotopes (δ13C, Δ14C) yet also on
total N (TN) as well as terrigenous biomarkers and other sediment
geochemical and physical properties. This new database builds on the
published literature and earlier unpublished records through an extensive
international community collaboration. This paper describes the establishment, structure and current status of
CASCADE. The first public version includes OC concentrations in surface
sediments at 4244 oceanographic stations including 2317 with TN
concentrations, 1555 with δ13C-OC values and 268 with Δ14C-OC values and 653 records with quantified terrigenous biomarkers
(high-molecular-weight n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and lignin phenols).
CASCADE also includes data from 326 sediment cores, retrieved by shallow
box or multi-coring, deep gravity/piston coring, or sea-bottom drilling.
The comprehensive dataset reveals large-scale features of both OC content
and OC sources between the shelf sea recipients. This offers insight into
release of pre-aged terrigenous OC to the East Siberian Arctic shelf and
younger terrigenous OC to the Kara Sea. Circum-Arctic sediments thereby
reveal patterns of terrestrial OC remobilization and provide clues about thawing of permafrost. CASCADE enables synoptic analysis of OC in Arctic Ocean sediments and
facilitates a wide array of future empirical and modeling studies of the
Arctic carbon cycle. The database is openly and freely available online
(https://doi.org/10.17043/cascade; Martens et al., 2021), is provided in various
machine-readable data formats (data tables, GIS shapefile, GIS raster), and
also provides ways for contributing data for future CASCADE versions. We
will continuously update CASCADE with newly published and contributed data
over the foreseeable future as part of the database management of the Bolin
Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University.
Sub3DNet1.0: a deep-learning model for regional-scale 3D subsurface structure mapping
Authors: Jiang Zhenjiao , Mallants Dirk , Gao Lei , Munday Tim , Mariethoz Gregoire , Peeters Luk
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study introduces an efficient deep-learning model based on convolutional
neural networks with joint autoencoder and adversarial structures for 3D
subsurface mapping from 2D surface observations. The method was applied to
delineate paleovalleys in an Australian desert landscape. The neural network
was trained on a 6400 km2 domain by using a land surface topography
as 2D input and an airborne electromagnetic (AEM)-derived probability map of
paleovalley presence as 3D output. The trained neural network has a squared
error <0.10 across 99 % of the training domain and produces a
squared error <0.10 across 93 % of the validation domain,
demonstrating that it is reliable in reconstructing 3D paleovalley patterns
beyond the training area. Due to its generic structure, the neural network
structure designed in this study and the training algorithm have broad
application potential to construct 3D geological features (e.g., ore bodies,
aquifer) from 2D land surface observations.
PyCO2SYS v1.7: marine carbonate system calculations in Python
Authors: Humphreys Matthew P. , Lewis Ernie R. , Sharp Jonathan D. , Pierrot Denis
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (TC) is the largest pool of carbon that interacts considerably with the atmosphere on human timescales. Oceanic TC is increasing through uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), and seawater pH is decreasing as a consequence. Both the exchange of CO2 between ocean and atmosphere and the pH response are governed by a set of parameters that interact through chemical equilibria, collectively known as the marine carbonate system. To investigate these processes, at least two of the marine carbonate system's parameters are typically measured – most commonly, two from TC, total alkalinity (AT), pH, and seawater CO2 fugacity (fCO2; or its partial pressure, pCO2, or its dry-air mole fraction, xCO2) – from which the remaining parameters can be calculated and the equilibrium state of seawater solved. Several software tools exist to carry out these calculations, but no fully functional and rigorously validated tool was previously available for Python, a popular scientific programming language. Here, we present PyCO2SYS, a Python package intended to fill this capability gap. We describe the elements of PyCO2SYS that have been inherited from the existing CO2SYS family of software and explain subsequent adjustments and improvements. For example, PyCO2SYS uses automatic differentiation to solve the marine carbonate system and calculate chemical buffer factors, ensuring that the effect of every solute and reaction is accurately included in all its results. We validate PyCO2SYS with internal consistency tests and comparisons against other software, showing that PyCO2SYS produces results that are either virtually identical or different for known reasons, with the differences negligible for all practical purposes. We discuss new insights that arose during the development process, for example that the marine carbonate system cannot be unambiguously solved from the total alkalinity and carbonate ion parameter pair. Finally, we consider potential future developments to PyCO2SYS and discuss the outlook for this and other software for solving the marine carbonate system. The code for PyCO2SYS is distributed via GitHub (https://github.com/mvdh7/PyCO2SYS) under the GNU General Public License v3, archived on Zenodo (Humphreys et al., 2021), and documented online (https://PyCO2SYS.readthedocs.io).
How is avalanche danger described in public avalanche forecasts? Analyzing textual descriptions of avalanche forecasts in Switzerland
Authors: Hutter Veronika , Techel Frank , Purves Ross S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Efficient communication in public avalanche forecasts is of great importance to clearly inform and warn the public about expected avalanche conditions. In Europe, avalanche danger is communicated using a pyramid, starting with ordinal categories of avalanche danger, and progressing through avalanche-prone locations and avalanche problems to a danger description. In many forecast products, information relating to the trigger required to release an avalanche, the frequency or number of potential triggering locations, and the expected avalanche size, are described exclusively in the danger description. These danger descriptions are, however, the least standardized part of avalanche forecasts. Taking the perspective of the avalanche forecaster, and focusing particularly on terms describing these three characterizing elements of avalanche danger, we investigate firstly which text symbols are used to describe these elements, and secondly how these descriptions relate to the forecast danger level. We do so through the perspective of the semiotic triangle, relating a referent (the avalanche situation) through thought (the processing process) to symbols (the textual danger description). We analyzed almost 6000 danger descriptions in avalanche forecasts published in Switzerland and written using a structured catalog of phrases with a limited number of words. Text symbols representing information describing these three elements were labeled and assigned to ordinal classes by Swiss avalanche forecasters. These classes were then related to avalanche danger. Forecasters were relatively consistent in assigning labels to words and phrases with Cohen's Kappa values ranging from 0.67 to 0.87. Nonetheless, even experts were not in complete agreement about the labeling of terms and were less likely to agree on terms not used in official definitions. Avalanche danger levels were categorized relatively consistently using words and phrases, with for example avalanche size classes increasingly monotonically with avalanche danger. However, especially for danger level 2-Moderate, information about key elements was often missing in danger descriptions. In general, the analysis of the danger descriptions showed that extreme conditions are more frequently described in detail than intermediate values, highlighting the difficulty of communicating conditions that are neither rare nor frequent, or neither small nor large. Our results provide data-driven insights that could be used to refine the ways in which avalanche danger could and should be communicated, especially to recreationalists, and provide a starting point for future studies of how users interpret avalanche forecasts.
Grupos de contactos, superpropagación y percolación en la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Maldonado Melanie
Published: June 2021

En el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, este artículo ha sido escrito con fines de vulgarización científica para no especialistas. El objetivo es explicar el rol de los grupos de interacción en ciertos fenómenos que caracterizan a la dinámica de propagación del virus, como el de la superpropagación y la percolación. Se presentan algunas nociones necesarias para describir la dinámica de una epidemia, como el número de reproducción y la de redes de contactos que, a lo largo de este documento, por simplicidad también se denomina cluster, proveniente del inglés.
Education in Emergency-The School Managers’ Practices on Risk Reduction and Management of Disaster
Authors: Tolentino Keneth
Published: June 2021

This descriptive-correlation study established the relationship between the profile as to the level of practice of the school managers on the five thematic areas of the SchoolDisaster Risk Reduction and Management (SDRRM) program of the Department of education (DepEd). The study involved 30 respondents through a stratified random sampling technique and adopted a survey- questionnaire from Campilla (2016). It has four components, the profile of the school managers, self-assessment checklist for the SDRRM level of practice, problems encountered, and suggested solutions.SPSS was the tool in generating statistical data. The majority of the respondents are in the middle age group, mostly female, married status, pursued higher studies, old hand in school management, and attended training/seminars on SDRRM. Their disaster preparedness, management, and mitigation are on highly practiced level. While the disaster response and recovery are at the practiced level. In general, the overall level of practice on SDRRM is at a practiced level. The study further revealed that there is no significant relationship between the profile and level of practice of the respondents. However, age shows a significant relationship in the thematic areas of SDRRM. A significant difference in the level of practice of elementary school managers to that of the secondary school managers. Lack and unavailability of funds and other resources are the common problems encountered by respondents in the implementation of the program while the topmost suggested solution is the provision of appropriate and relevant training to SDRRM.
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE FIELD LABORATORY RESEARCH BY APPLYING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 STANDARD
Authors:   Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova, Guzun Mihail , Cojocaru Igor ,   Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova, Botnaru Viorica ,   Information Society Development Institute, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

The European integration of the Republic of Moldova can be facilitated by the alignment of organizations, including research institutes and laboratories, with good practices recognized at the international level, many of them being described in documents prepared by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). For scientific research activities carried out in laboratories, such practices are described in the ISO / IEC 17025: 2017 standard „General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories”. The paper represents a synthesis of the quality assurance methods in the research and development activity carried out in the scientific research laboratories, offered by the above standard. The approaches of the standard on the primary conditions that can ensure valid results to meet the requirements and expectations of the beneficiaries of research results are described, so as to obtain and maintain long-term confidence of all stakeholders in laboratory work and scientific truth obtained in experimental research.
IDENTIFICATION AND DISSEMINATION OF GOOD PRACTICES IN THE SAFEGUARDING AND VALORIZATION OF THE NATIONAL CULTURAL HERITAGE BY LOCAL PUBLIC AUTHORITIES
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Comendant Vasile , Comendant Tatiana ,   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova
Published: June 2021

This study provides a complex analysis concerning the identification of good practices in the safeguarding and valorization of the national cultural heritage by the local public authorities. The sociological survey was conducted between August and September 2020, on a representative sample of 607 people from 12 localities of the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the processed data shows that the local public authorities have insufficient budgets to conserve, maintain or promote the cultural heritage objects and that there is a major shortage of specialists in this field. As a result, according to the respondents’ opinion, the level of safeguarding and valorization by the local public administration authorities of cultural objects of historical or architectural value is 18.78%. The significance of the objects of the national cultural heritage in the respective localities, the historical value and the extent to which they are known by the citizens were investigated. The role of cultural heritage in the education of citizens was highlighted by systematizing the knowledge about the national and universal cultural heritage.
ROMANIAN POETRY FROM THE TWENTIETH CENTURY AND MUSIC
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Gamurari Pavel
Published: June 2021

The article outlines approaches and syntheses of high complexity, made within the framework of reference compositional creations by leading composers from Romania and the Republic of Moldova. Among them are Sigismund Toduta, Paul Constantinescu, Vasile Spatarelu, Felicia Donceanu, Viorel Munteanu, Dan Voiculescu, Vladimir Rotaru, Vlad Burlea, etc. The compositional approaches to poetic sources, which fall within the musical trends of the 20th century and are representative of national and universal music, are particularly diverse and original.
CREATIONS WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF THE BASSOON SIGNED BY VLADIMIR ROTARU
Authors:   Academy of Music, Theatre and Fine Arts, Republic of Moldova, Taran Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Vladimir Rotaru is one of the famous composers from the Republic of Moldova, whose compositions include both orchestral and chamber-instrumental works. In this article, the author made a brief analysis of the repertoire for bassoon that includes both solo and chamber compositions, such as Suite for flute, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon; Monothematic metamorphoses; Sonata-dialogue for bassoon and piano; Caprice for bassoon and piano. The aim of the article concerned is reviewing the creations for bassoon signed by Vladimir Rotaru, being in a succinct language features and architectonic creations componentistic concerned.
ARTISTIC METAL PROCESSING IN THE MOLDOVAN SSR AND THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA: FORGOTTEN OR LESS KNOWN NAMES
Authors:   Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Condraticova Liliana
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of our approach is to analyze the activity of craftsmen (artisans) in the field of artistic metal processing in the second half of the twentieth century – the beginning of the twenty-first century. The work of the artists includes various decorative boards representing village life, heroes of folk tales and agricultural work, emphasizing the impact of folk art on the subjects approached by decorative craftsmen. Jewelry, being a relatively apolitical field, is represented by necklaces with pendants, earrings, brooches, rings, all made of noble metals and fine, ornamental pebbles. Based on archival documents, exhibition catalogs and interviews with artists who used to make jewelry and various metal plates, was presented relevant information regarding the activity of craftsmen whose names were recently revealed (Alexei Marco, Gheorghe Cojusnean, Vladimir Calasnicov, Vladimir Vasilkov etc.). Also, in the scientific circuit were introduced new, forgotten or less known names: Vasili Sochin, Iuri Terehov, Natalia Vavilina and others. The evocation of their creation comes to complete the general picture of the evolution of decorative art, implicitly of the artistic processing of metals from the Moldovan SSR and the Republic of Moldova.
Arqueofuturismo: el transhumanismo conservador
Authors: Gayozzo Piero
Published: June 2021

El adelanto tecnológico propone nuevas estrategias para resolver diversas dificultades, pero no todos los problemas son tomados por igual. El Transhumanismo considera que las biotecnologías deben ser usadas para ofrecer una mejor calidad de vida a la especie humana a partir del mejoramiento humano. Esta idea también es adoptada por el arqueofuturismo, un planteamiento del sector político conservador, pero orientado al rescate de la tradición europea y su población étnica. En el documento se expondrá el origen del arqueofuturismo y lo compararemos con el pensamiento Transhumanista y la Extrapolítica, una propuesta humanista secular.
Effect of Distance to Orthogonal Buffer Zone Boundary on Contaminant Detection Well Layout at Solid Waste Impoundment
Authors: Hudak Paul F.
Published: June 2021

A modeling investigation examined the effect of nearby buffer zone (property) boundaries on passive groundwater monitoring networks at a hypothetical landfill. Network designs considered the unknown location of a small point source in the landfill's liner, contaminant concentrations
simulated in groundwater, and the need to detect a contaminant before its concentration at a buffer zone boundary reached a certain threshold. Several buffer zone boundaries were considered, ranging from 6 m to 51 m downgradient of the landfill's downgradient corner. Monitoring wells in each
network were located 5 m downgradient of the landfill's downgradient boundaries. Both the minimum number of wells, and the rate of increase in number of wells, increased with proximity of the landfill's downgradient corner to the buffer zone boundary. Based on out-comes of this study, landfill
designers should consider a possible need for many closely-spaced detection wells for small potential point sources and close buffer zone boundaries.
A Novel Method for Rapid Extraction Of Biofibres from Waste Chicken Feathers
Authors: Kakonke Grace , Tesfaye Tamrat , Sithole Bruce , Ntunka Mbuyu
Published: June 2021

South Africa is the biggest chicken meat producer in Southern Africa and generates about 258 million kg of waste feathers. Although some of this waste is beneficiated into animal feed and fertiliser there are problems in adequate digestion of the feed by animals. Consequently, there
is a need to find other innovative ways of beneficiating the waste. In this paper, beneficiating of feathers by extraction of fibres for possible conversion into high value products was explored. Three mechanical methods for extracting fibres from feathers were evaluated and the properties
of the resultant fibres were studied and compared: they were using a tweezer, a blender, and a novel stripping method using a pulp fluffer. The results revealed that fibres extracted from chicken feathers using a tweezer or a blender had a hollow structure whereas those from the fluffer exhibited
pronounced damaging effects on the fibre structure as some barbules were detached from their rami. Fluffer fibres had the highest average length of 16.56 mm followed by blender (16.15 mm) and tweezer (14.84 mm); they were also the most flexible with an aspect ratio of 476.29. The modified
pulp fluffer appeared to be a cost-effective and an efficient method of grinding feathers into commercial fibres.
COVID-19 SALGININDA DİYABET YÖNETİMİ VE HEMŞİRENİN ROLÜ
Authors: BÜYÜKKAYA BESEN Dilek , DERVİŞOĞLU Merve
Published: June 2021

ÖZET

Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde, Aralık 2019 tarihinde görülmeye başlayan, SARS-CoV-2 (şiddetli akut solunum sendromu koronavirüsü-2) olarak adlandırılan, yeni tip koronavirüsün şiddetli akut solunum sendromuna neden olduğu belirlenmiş ve acil durum ilan edilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda COVID-19 enfeksiyonu için komorbidetelerin varlığı, obezite, ileri yaş gibi faktörlerin kötü prognozu öngösterdiği belirlenmiştir. COVID-19 ile diyabetin etkileşimli patofizyolojik mekanizmaları nedeniyle, COVID-19 sürecinde diyabetin etkin yönetimi oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Diyabet yönetiminin mevcut zorluklarına, COVID-19 salgının bireylerin yaşamlarına getirdiği yüklerin eklenmesi ile sürecin daha kompleks bir hal aldığı görülmüştür. COVID-19 salgınının yaşattığı kriz ile mücadele edilirken, diyabet bakımını iyileştirmek için de yeni stratejiler, eylem planları, yönergeler geliştirmeli ve bu planlamaların hızlıca uygulamaya dökülmesi gerekmektedir. Pandemi sürecinde diyabetin etkin yönetimi için de multidisipliner ekip yaklaşımı gerektirmektedir ve diyabet hemşirelerine önemli rol ve sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Salgın sürecinde, diyabet hemşirelerinin uygulayacağı bakım; diyabetli bireyin yaşamına getirdiği yüklerin azaltılması ile hedeflenen glisemik değerlerin sürdürülmesine, diyabetin akut komplikasyonların önlenmesine, acil başvurularının azaltılmasına, gereksiz hastane başvurularının önlenmesine, hastaneye yatışların engellenmesine, hastanede kalış süresinin azaltılmasına, komplikasyon oranlarının düşürülmesine, kontrolsüz diyabetin sağlık hizmetlerine getirdiği yükün en aza indirgenmesine, sağlık personelinin bakım yükünün azaltılmasına, diyabetli bireyin yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine ve en önemlisi COVID-19 risklerinin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Potentiality for the Application of Value Engineering in the Construction Industry at the Design Stage
Authors: M.Awadalla Abdallah
Published: June 2021

Value Engineering (VE) is defined as a systematic application of a recognized approach by a multidisciplined team to identify the functions of a product or a system and to establish a worth for that function. Alternatives are generated through the creative thinking. The needed functions are provided to accomplish purpose of the project, reliability and at the lowest life cycle cost without sacrificing safety, necessary quality and environmental attributes. This paper aims at investigating the effectiveness of VE as an approach that could improve the design process which is considered as an important stage in the project life cycle. Current research has shown that the impact of design on the total cost of the project is estimated as 50%. Hence, this study is concentrated at the design stage.
To assess the actual practice during the design process, a questionnaire was designed and sent to 15 respondents. This comprised design firms, engineers as well as clients. The questionnaire main objective was to find out how VE studies are conducted and to gauge the impact on the design of the studied projects. The questions were set to investigate to what extent VE components (function, quality and cost) were applied on those projects under study and their impact on design. The Statistical analysis was conduced using SPSS 10. Descriptive statistics methods were used for organizing and analyzing data. Chi-square tests were used to test the research hypotheses and to make comparisons between observed and expected frequencies. The results obtained from the analysis of the collected data showed that the poor performance in the design process which leads to cost and time overrun and low quality is due to the inefficient methods of conducting the brief with the clients. The tendency of designers to produce expensive designs to show their capabilities without achieving the required functions of the project is also found to be one of the defects in the design process.
The Sudanese government and the private sector are recommended to adopt VE. Architects, engineers, and other professionals are recommended to play part in the spread of this technique among their firms. The research recommended further studies to develop and improve VE techniques and tools.
Towards Less Disastrous Result from Earthquakes in the Developing Countries
Authors: Onsa Eltayeb Hassan
Published: June 2021

During the past two decades, natural disasters have claimed millions of human lives and made more than one billion of people homeless or sick[7]. Most of these victims were from developing countries. Earthquakes are one of the natural disasters that strike with little or no warning. Experience with catastrophic earthquakes has shown that demolition and damage of building and structures, which usually have inadequate level safety, cause the human losses and injuries.
This paper reviews the earthquake phenomenon. It defines the main parameters of earthquakes and earthquake engineering. The paper recommends a procedure to be followed by some of the developing countries that lies within seismic-prone regions. Special reference is made to the Sudan experience. Sudan has stepped forwards, in the last few years, towards establishment of macro seismic zoning of Sudan and adjacent area and towards the conclusion of suitable seismic design for the Sudan. The paper also recommends updated design provisions which can be adopted for Sudan and other developing countries.
مَسَار مقترح لنقل الماء إنسيابياً من نهر عطبرة إلى ساحل البحر الأحمر
Authors: حسن أونسه الطيب , إدريس هباني خليفة , آدم أحمد أنور
Published: June 2021

This research is concerned with finding proposal for supplying important areas at Eastern Sudan and the coastal plain with water for irrigation and domestic use. Special attention is made such that water is conveyed with minimal running cost and enough quantity. Hence, a route is suggested on which water can be taken by gravity from the reservoir of Khashm Algirba Dam to the coastal plain via open channel and natural valleys; with the possibility of following the same route and using water pipeline to supply the coastal cities with drinking water.
Survey data from satellite images and aerial photography maps scale 1:100,000 are used for preparing this proposal. Preliminary quantity of water needed for irrigation and domestic use is estimated for suggested areas expected to be served by the proposed route. Also water losses are estimated and hence size of the open channels is estimated for the case of conveying water for irrigation.
The major problems which are expected to face the proposal are outlined, hence, an action plan is suggested considering the proposed route will reveal projects for comprehensive development in many areas at east of Sudan.
The Safety Factors in the International Norms on Calculation of the Ability of Pile
Authors: السمارة حياة , عواد طلال
Published: June 2021

This research target to study calculating ways of the ability of pile according to the norms is Egyptian Norm, American norm, European Norm and Russian Norm. and comparing these ways and its beside the similarities between it plus taking out the results which we can use as a starting point in national norms in Syrian Arab republic in research domain.
Working according to this research depending on theoretical comparison between different norms and practical studying to get numbering data are possible in cases of different positions of soil.
تقييم معايير تحكيم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة، في قسم العمارة جامعة ام درمان الاسلامية- (أ)
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Siddig
Published: June 2021

يعتبر تحكيم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة موضوع هام جدا، لذلك تهدف الورقة الى تقييم معايير تحكيم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة في قسم العمارة جامعة ام درمان الإسلامية بغرض معرفة الأسباب التي أدت الى الاختلاف والتباين الكبير في درجات التقييم للمشروع الواحد بين الاساتذة، لتحقيق هدف البحث تم اتباع منهجية مقسمة الى ثلاثة مراحل، المرحلة الأولى تم فيها استكشاف مكامن الخلل واستنتاج نقاط الضعف وذلك عبر مقارنة معايير تحكيم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة التي يهتم بها أعضاء اللجنة التحكيمية في المجتمعات الاكاديمية مع معايير تحكيم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة في جامعة ام درمان الإسلامية، ثانيا تحكيم مسودة نقاط الضعف عبر استبيان شامل لعدد 50 عينة من المختصين وتم تحليله، المرحلة الثالثة مقارنة المسودة لنقاط الضعف المستنتجة مع نقاط الضعف الناتج من تحليل الاستبيان بغرض معرفة المشاكل ونقاط الضعف التي أدت الى الاختلاف والتباين واهم هذه النقاط تتمثل في عدم مقدرة وكفاءة المعايير لتقييم مشاريع التخرج لطلبة العمارة بشكل عادل نسبة لعدم وجود تفاصيل كافية في كل معيار، وافتقارها الى المرونة الكافية في الاوزان لتقييم مشاريع التخرج.
The Effect of Discharge Rejected Brine into the Surface Water on the coast of Port Sudan city
Authors: SirElkhatim Mustafa
Published: June 2021

The general aim of this study is to focus on the effects of discharge reject brine into the surface water in Port Sudan city. It considers a baseline study in Port Sudan. Three samples of water were taken from sea land lagoon by using TCD (Temperature, Conductivity and Depth) device, and sample from open sea (Abu Hashish). All samples were collected during summer and winter seasons. The results showed a significant increase in salinity 39.13 – 49.86 , 39.91- 47.45 , 38.62 - 38.87 , 38.48 – 39.27 psu respectively, of the surface water when mixed with the discharge reject brine, this will absolutely affect the marine life. Also, the continuous discharge of rejected brine into water near the intake desalination plants will affect the characteristics of the feed water.
Vertical Curve Computations Using a Developed Calculator
Authors: Hassabo Adil I.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an electronic calculator for vertical curve computations is developed in Microsoft Windows. The developed calculator used is successfully for vertical curve computations and requires entering the curve length, tangent grades, setting out interval, and the elevation of the intersection points. Computations of vertical curves by the developed calculator are faster, easier, accurate, and less subject to errors comparable to the traditional method of calculations. Finally, the results obtained by the traditional and developed methods are presented for checking the behavior of the developed calculator.
Rehabilitation of Blue Nile Steel Bridge Superstructure: Fatigue Assessment
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Ali Ali , Zakaria Basheer Emam Aws
Published: June 2021

The Blue Nile Steel Bridge over the Blue Nile River in Khartoum, Sudan, has been in service for 112 years. A riveted steel through-truss of Pettit Configuration with seven equal fixed spans of 65.53 m and a rolling lift span. The bridge currently accommodates approximately 61,000 vehicles per day along with insignificant pedestrian and railway traffic. Over the years from 1960 to 2014 several assessment studies were carried out by numerous parties have revealed that under cyclic loading of a long period time and effects of natural and man-made disasters, bridge deck was damaged severely and needed to be repaired and strengthened. A rehabilitation program was planned to extend the design life of the bridge for a more 50 years, which was carried out in period (2017 - 2018).This paper presents as a case study including a literature review on fatigue assessment of stringers on railway track. The rationale for selecting the rehabilitation strategy for the bridge is described, highlighting the challenging design aspects related to fatigue assessment, clarifying the methodology in which main members were identified for strengthening, using Midas Civil 2006 v7.01 and Midas FEA 2016 v1.1software to analyze the fatigue in the critical members by generating a model using Finite Element Method and estimating remaining fatigue life by adopting the classical approach (Stress-life method), the total damage accumulation was found greater than 1. Thus, it can be concluded that the stringers have no remaining fatigue life. Strengthening the stringers is considered the most favorable solution.
Light Live load Bridges over the River Nile in Sudan
Authors: Gasim M. Hussein Ahmed , Fawzi Ajabani Khalil
Published: June 2021

Bridge structures are vital for majority of Sudanese due to the fact that they live besides rivers, valleys and inside islands. Bridge construction is faced by the fact that it is extremely expensive. Cost of such structures is affected by live load which accordingly dictates the required dead Loads from both superstructure and substructure. In this analytical study a light live bridge load is derived making use of AASHTO principles. This practical live load is derived from data collected from sedan cars, bicycles, motorcycles, motorcycles rickshaws, auto rickshaws and pedestrian. The derivation yielded a design light live load composed of design lane load and design vehicle; to be applied simultaneously to this type of light bridges. The live loads are to be controlled at the bridge entrance. The derived loads are applied to different superstructures' systems, namely steel truss and composite steel plate girder. A single pier over two piles substructure system is chosen for such light loads. A case study bridge is designed over the River Nile. The results obtained showed tremendous savings in material and cost. Relative to normal highway bridges over the Nile, the steel truss bridge option reduces the cost by almost 60%.
Tagabo Volcanic Ash as Cement Replacing Materials
Authors: A. Ahmedai Mutasim , A. M. Ahmed Salih , H. Ahmed Yousif , M. Ibrahiem El-Sharif
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to assess the pozzolanic characteristics of the volcanic ash obtained from Jebal Tagabo (Tagabo Mountains) in western Sudan (North Darfur State) as potential Supplementary Cementitious Materials for use in blended cement and concrete. Four natural Pozzolanic materials samples have been obtained; the first is volcanic ash from the Garma region (TG1VA), the second from the Mabo region (TG2VA), the third from the Mawo region (TG3VA) and the last from the Daim Sanosi region (TG4VA). This study has investigated the chemical and physical characteristics of the samples and their pozzolanic activities with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at different substitution levels of cement by weights, which are 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. And the results of chemical analysis show that all samples can be classified as Class N according to the American standard ASTM C618. The strength activity indices of the four samples at 20% level were found to be 75, 84, 89, and 83% respectively. These results indicate that the Jebal Tagabo Pozzolans are potential supplementary cementitious materials for use in blended cement.
Characterization of Gum Arabic As Viscosity Modifying Agent (VMA) for Producing Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC)
Authors: Hummaida Ahmed Yousif , Ibrahim Rahamtalla Moaz , Salah Eldin Khalid
Published: June 2021

This study aims at finding alternative indigenous Sudanese material for concrete admixtures that are necessary for casting concrete in hot weather of the Sudan. The objective of this study to classify Gum Arabic (GA) namely, Acacia Senegal (known locally as Hashab Gum) as viscosity modifying admixture (VMA) for lowering powder content in self compacting concrete (SCC). The methodology of the study is based on the European standards BS EN 934-2 & BS EN 480-15 that are used as a paradigm to classify GA as the VMA. Three trial SCC test mixes containing different quantity of cement, namely (400, 370 and 350) Kg/ as powder content. A dose of GA 0.2% by weight of cement is applied after being dissolved in water at a concentration of 30% by water weight. The water/cement ratio (W/C) is kept constant as 0.45 for all mixes. The results of this study showed that the 0.2% GA dosage is appropriate and satisfied all criteria set by BS EN 934-2: 2009 for VMA. Using 0.2% GA as VMA lower the powder of SCC from 400kg to 350kg/ while maintaining the SCC fresh properties.
Utilization of Giad Steel Slag as Partial Replacement for Coarse Aggregates in Concrete
Authors: Daoud Osama , Ibrahim Muntasir
Published: June 2021

This research paper focuses on the possibility of utilization of Giad electric arc furnace slag (GEAFS) as a partial replacement for coarse aggregates in concrete, without compromising on its workability and strength. The electric arc furnace slag is a waste product from the steel manufacturing which may be used as partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete. This paper presents an experimental study on fresh and hardened properties of concrete containing steel slag aggregates. Slump, as well as strength properties of concrete prepared with natural coarse aggregate, partially replaced by the GEAFS in different proportions varying from 25 %, 50 % and 75 %. The GEAFS concrete shows marginal decrease in slump for the further replacement. Compressive, split and Flexural strength of the GEAFS concrete have been increased for the GEAFS addition. Highest compressive, tensile and flexural strength have been achieved by the mix containing 50 % GEAFS coarse aggregates. Using of steel slag will result in decrease of waste landfilling, and improving environmental condition.
Effect of limestone powder on self-compacting concrete
Authors: Daoud O. M. A. , Mahgoub O. S.
Published: June 2021

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is an innovative construction material in the construction industry. It is a highly fluid and stable concrete that flows under its own weight and fills completely the formwork. The SCC requires high powder content (mainly of cement) up to 600kg/ to achieve its properties. This will be problematic because increasing the cement content is not feasible, and may cause high cost and some other technical problems such as higher heat of hydration and higher drying shrinkage. This paper investigates the effect of limestone powder (LSP) on fresh and hardened properties of SCC due to the use of LSP as a partial cement replacement. For comparison, a control sample of concrete was prepared without LSP to compare it with the various samples containing different percentages of LSP as a partial replacement of cement. Four mixes with a constant amount of (superplasticizer, sand, coarse aggregate, and water) at various replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% from the cement weight were prepared. The experimental results show that the LSP can be effectively used as a partial cement replacement on SCC to reduced cost and enhanced the performance of SCC in fresh and hardened stages.
Phase-Field Modeling of Damage and Fracture in Laminated Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Dean Aamir , Kumar Pavan , Babiker Ammar , Brod Martin , Elhadi Mohamed Ahmed Salih , Reinoso Jose , Mahdi Elsadig
Published: June 2021

The damage and fracture behavior of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) is quite complex and is different than the failure behavior of the traditionally employed metals. There are various types of failure mechanisms that can develop during the service life of composite structures. Each of these mechanisms can initiate and propagate independently. However, in practice, they act synergistically and appear simultaneously. The difficulties that engineers face to understand and predict how these different failure mechanisms result in a structural failure enforce them to use high design safety factors and also increases the number of certification tests needed. Considering that the experimental investigations of composites can be limited, very expensive, and time-consuming, in this contribution the newly developed multi Phase-Field (PF) fracture model [1] is employed to numerically study the failure in different Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Polymers (UFRPs) laminates, namely, fracture in single-edge notched laminated specimens, matrix cracking in cross-ply laminates, and delamination migration in multi-layered UFRPs. The formulation of the PF model incorporates two independent PF variables and length scales to differentiate between fiber and inter-fiber (matrix-dominated) failure mechanisms. The physically motivated failure criterion of Puck is integrated into the model to control the activation and evolution of the PF parameters. The corresponding governing equations in terms of variational formulation is implemented into the Finite Element (FE) code ABAQUS utilizing the user-defined subroutines UMAT and UEL.
Flexible Pavement Design Suitable for Sudan
Authors: M. O. Mohamed Elsaid Esra , M. Mohamed Awad
Published: June 2021

Pavement design is the process of calculation the thickness of pavement layers which can withstand the expected traffic load over the design life without deteriorating. In another word, it is providing a pavement structure in which stresses on the subgrade are reduced to the acceptable magnitude. Highways in Sudan deteriorate in the first years of construction due to many reasons including the deficiency in pavement design. This research aims to minimize the probability of roads failure by selecting the appropriate pavement design method for Sudan based on the performance evaluation of each method. Various pavement sections with different environment, traffic loading, subgrade and material properties were designed using AASHTO, Road Note 31, Group Index and CBR design method. The layered elastic analysis and the structural number approach were adopted to evaluate the performance of these sections. The evaluation results were the base for selecting of the suitable design method. The evaluation results concludes that, the AASHTO design method is the most suitable design method to withstand pavement deformations followed by Road Note 31 method. But, from economical prospective Road Note 31 method; with some modifications; can be considered as the suitable design method for Sudan. Recommendations for future studies focus on the development and implementation of mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide applicable in Sudan.
Resurgence, refusal, and reconciliation through food movement organizations: A case study of Food Secure Canada’s 2018 Assembly
Authors: Elliott Heather , Mulrennan Monica , Cuerrier Alain
Published: June 2021

Indigenous food systems have been sites of deliberate and sustained disruption in the service of the settler colonial project on Turtle Island. The revitalization of traditional foodways is a powerful and popular means through which Indigenous Peoples are practicing cultural and political resurgence. We are at a crucial moment of societal reckoning reinforced by recent anti-racist uprisings and Indigenous Land Back actions. In this context, food movements have an important role to play in addressing ongoing colonial impacts on Indigenous food systems by supporting Indigenous Food Sovereignty as a way to advance reconciliation between settlers and Indigenous Peoples. Since its founding in 2005, Food Secure Canada (FSC) has become a national leader in food movements in Canada and its biennial Assembly is arguably the largest food movement event in the country. Despite its sustained engagement with Indigenous Peoples and significant efforts toward inclusion, its 2018 Assembly saw Indigenous people, Black people, and other people of color expressing important concerns, culminating in a walk-out on the last day. To understand how these events might guide transformative reconciliation in and through food movements, we analyzed 124 post-Assembly qualitative questionnaires, held 10 interviews, and analyzed organizational archives, in addition to conducting participant observation throughout the following year. This research portrays the actions taken at the Assembly to be a refusal of settler structures and processes, and the creation of a caucus space for Indigenous people, Black people, and other people of color as an act of resurgence. Engagement with FSC by a number of those involved with the protests throughout the year that followed, and the resultant commitment to center decolonization in FSC’s work, reveal the intimate connection between resurgence and reconciliation. These acts of generative refusal and resurgence are an essential part of efforts toward reconciliation without assimilation, aligned in a shared struggle toward the decolonized futures at the heart of food sovereignty for all.