bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Spatial Coupling between Poverty and the Environment: A Case Study from China
Authors: Shuai Jing , Cheng Xin , Tao Xing , Shuai Chuanmin , Wang Bo
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

A coupling coordination model for the environment and rural poverty is built.

Both environment degradation and rural poverty in China’s Three Gorges Reservoir Region have been deteriorated.

Coupling degrees differ observably in different areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in rural China.

Main stress factors are environment load and livelihood.

Poverty and environmental degradation is an interactive and complex issue, which needs to be addressed to pursue human sustainable development. The objective of this study was to create a theoretical framework for sustainable agriculture, considering the dynamic interaction between environment and multidimensional poverty. The model system used in this study was the region surrounding the Chinese Three Gorges reservoir. We constructed an evaluation index system to measure the dynamic interactions by employing Entropy‐weight and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods. In this case study, we analyzed the dynamic interactive relationships between environmental degradation and rural poverty by adopting geographic information system (GIS) and comprehensive index evaluation, based on statistical (2000–2013) and remote sensing image data. We found that: (i) in the Three Gorges reservoir region (TGRR), a vicious cycle between poverty, environmental load, and livelihood is occurring; (ii) in areas stressed by environmental concerns the environmental load is the main stress factor, while in the areas stressed by poverty, livelihood is the main stress factor; and (iii) the coupling degrees between environmental degradation and poverty differ in different areas of the TGRR, and counties with adverse features have been spatially agglomerated over time; and the area with high coupling and high synergy accounts for the 38.1% of the total reservoir region.
Regional Differences in Stream Water Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sediment Responses to Forest Harvesting in the Conterminous USA
Authors: Muwamba Augustine , Rau Benjamin , Trettin Carl. C. , Amatya Devendra. M. , Tollner Ernest W. , Panda Sudhanshu
Published: March 2019

Forest harvesting and management techniques were hypothesized to result in significant differences in stream water N (NO3–N), P (total P [TP]), and total suspended sediment (TSS) responses among regions of United States. The objectives were (i) to determine the mean response periods after harvesting for each water quality variable, (ii) to compare the regional response yields, and (iii) to determine relationships among water quality, rainfall, and flow. Watershed‐scale studies where best management practices were implemented provided a basis for water quality analyses. A mixed model was used to estimate the time from harvest to time when the harvested site yielded similar export as the reference site (response period). Normalized water quality yields were calculated as response yields (kg ha−1 yr−1) times estimated response periods. Significant differences among yields were identified using ANOVA and Tukey test (α = 0.05), and relationships between water quality and hydrologic variables were identified using multivariate analysis (α = 0.05). The ratio of estimated mean response period for TSS to NO3–N and TP, each individually, was approximately two. The mean normalized NO3–N response yield was greater for the northern than the southern and/or western regions. Normalized NO3–N and TSS response yields were greater for plantations than for other harvest types. The TSS export significantly increased with discharge from plantations. The literature‐based response periods used in this study were not fully monitored, and soil surface manipulations after harvesting pose a significant influence on sediment export in the United States.

Core Ideas

Publications on water quality responses to US forest harvesting were explored.

The mean response period after harvesting for total suspended sediments (TSS) was 8.8 yr.

The mean response period for NO3–N and total P were 4.3 and 3.9 yr, respectively.

The greatest NO3–N response was 265.2 kg ha−1 for plantations in the northern region.

The greatest TSS response was 17,756.6 kg ha−1 for plantations in the southern region.
Model‐Driven Multidisciplinary Global Research to Meet Future Needs: The Case for “Improving Radiation Use Efficiency to Increase Yield”
Authors: Asseng Senthold , Martre Pierre , Ewert Frank , Dreccer M. Fernanda , Beres Brian L. , Reynolds Matthew , Braun Hans-Joachim , Langridge Peter , Le Gouis Jacques , Salse Jérôme , Baenziger P. Stephen
Published: March 2019

Improving wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields to meet the projected demand for food in the future requires the talents of diverse scientists. In this article, we present the rationale for crop‐model‐driven, trait‐focused collaborative research emphasizing radiation use efficiency (RUE). Improving RUE is one of the promising avenues to substantially increase potential yields. A collaboration of crop modelers, physiologists, geneticists, plant breeders, and system agronomists is proposed to efficiently create genetic improvements that, when taken to the field, will have regional and global yield impacts. The effort will require a large, internationally integrated science project and related infrastructure such as was recently developed in the Wheat Initiative. The Wheat Initiative is an international consortium of scientists and public and industry funders to sustainably improve global wheat production. The proposed integrated research is applicable to explore other traits and trait combinations and could become a model for yield improvements for major food crops.
The Role of Matric Potential, Solid Interfacial Chemistry, and Wettability on Isotopic Equilibrium Fractionation
Authors: Gaj Marcel , Lamparter Axel , Woche Susanne K. , Bachmann Jörg , McDonnell Jeffrey J. , Stange C. Florian
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas

Matric potential controls the equilibrium fractionation factor between soil water and water vapor.

Surface chemistry determined by X‐ray spectroscopy affects the equilibrium fractionation factor.

A conceptual isotope retention characteristic approach is presented.

Soil water stable isotopes are widely used for geo‐ and ecohydrological applications. However, the signature of the soil water isotopic composition in the environment depends on various factors. While recent work has shown matric potential effects on equilibrium fractionation, little work has examined other soil parameters concerning soil water energy status like the surface wettability, usually quantified in terms of contact angle. We simultaneously explored the role of matric potential, contact angle, and soil surface chemistry effects on the equilibrium fractionation factor during soil water evaporation. We present a simple laboratory experiment with four different soils of various textures. Subsamples of each texture class were treated with dichlorodimethylsilane to modify surface wetting properties. Additionally, we tested two natural soil samples to explore wettability effects. Samples were dried at temperatures between 40 and 550°C to produce chemically modified surface properties. All samples were spiked with water of known isotopic composition at different water contents. The isotopic signature was determined using the vapor‐bag equilibration method. The matric potential of each sample was measured with a soil water potential meter, the contact angle was determined with the sessile drop method, and the surface chemistry by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition to temperature and soil matric potential, the elemental composition has apparently some control on the equilibrium fractionation factor. Based on findings, we introduce a new soil water isotope retention characteristic approach to summarize how these factors (matric potential, contact angle, and soil surface chemistry) each control the equilibrium fractionation factor for 18O/16O and 2H/H. Corresponding retention curve approach parameters are promising to be applied in the future to predict soil water fractionation effects under natural and non‐stationary conditions.
Teacher’s Reinforcements Affecting Students’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC): A Photovoice in EFL Classroom
Authors: Prasetyanto Bimo Teguh , Wibawani Diyah Ayu , Wardani Erika Novia , Drajati Nur Arifah
Published: March 2019

In teaching English, a teacher should stimulate students’ activeness to engage in a class. One way to do it is by giving reinforcement. A good reinforcement has a significant role in the students’ speaking activeness. It can be a source of students’ motivation to learn and in this case, their activeness to speak in class. This research aims to discover what reinforcement that triggers students’ willingness to communicate. The result is intended to discover the effects of teacher’s reinforcement towards students’ willingness to communicate. The data for this research is collected by the photovoice method in which more practical is needed by collaborating with SHOWeD in analyzing the data. The participants of this research are 28 college students, consisting 7 male students and 21 female students ranging from 19 to 21 years old in English Education Department who are currently attending college. Based on the data analysis, the finding of the research is teacher reinforcement in EFL classroom affect students’ willingness to communicate, particularly self-confidence, interpersonal motivation, and intergroup motivation. The research implied to help teachers to understand more about the way teacher’s reinforcement affect the students’ speaking activeness seen from the students’ perspective.
Adaptación y propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de autoevaluación prenatal en mujeres gestantes residentes de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Lezama Sandra Rocio , Buitrago León Luz Helena
Published: March 2019

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de trabajar y valorar los aspectos psicosociales de las mujeres gestantes, la presente investigación tuvo como objetivo adaptar e identificar las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario de autoevaluación prenatal en mujeres gestantes que residen en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para esto se revisaron, los conceptos teóricos de adaptación y validación de pruebas psicométricas, así como investigaciones que tuvieran como objeto de estudio los aspectos psicosociales en mujeres gestantes. Se siguieron los lineamientos para la adaptación y validación de pruebas psicométricas por lo que se realizó adaptación lingüística de contexto, validación de contenido y validez de constructo en el que se aplicó la prueba a 430 mujeres gestantes para posteriormente realizar un análisis factorial en el que se tuvoen cuenta la varianza explicada mediante el método de rotación Quartimax. Se encontró que el instrumento cuenta con una buena consistencia interna y una adecuada confiabilidad en la estructura de cada una de las cuatro dimensiones conformadas. Se recomienda la aplicación y el análisis del cuestionario como una totalidad para identificar los aspectos psicosociales presentes en las gestantes, debido a que el constructo que enmarca al instrumento se explica como una unidimensionalidad.
Algunas variables de salud mental asociadas con la propensión al abandono de los estudios universitarios
Authors: Caballero Dominguez Carmen Cecilia , Gallo-Barrera Yeison , Suárez Colorado Yuly
Published: March 2019

Este estudio tuvo por objetivo establecer la asociación de algunas variables de salud mental (burnout académico, ansiedad rasgo-estado y depresión) sobre la propensión al abandono de los estudios en estudiantes universitarios. Estudio de tipo observacional, analítico, trasversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 252 estudiantes, distribuidos así: 23% (59) del programa de Enfermería, 39% (99) del programa de Medicina y 37% (94) del programa de Psicología, evaluados a través del Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, Ansiedad de Rasgo y de Estado, Inventario de Depresión de Beck, y cuestionario de Propensión al Abandono. Los resultados indican que la ansiedad estado (OR= 2.944 [1.712 – 5.065], p= 0.000) predice la propensión al abandono en universitarios. Se concluye que la ansiedad estado es un factor de riesgo para la propensión al abandono, por tanto, se recomienda el fortalecimiento de los recursos personales desde la autoeficacia y la incorporación de la familia desde el inicio de la vida universiaria.
Çağdaş Türk Resminde Bir Sanatçı Portresi: Nevin Çokay
Authors: Güven Merve
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışma, çağdaş Türk resminin özgün ve önemli
sanatçılarından biri olan Nevin Çokay’ın (1930-2012) yaşamı
ve eserlerinden yola çıkılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın
amacı; Çokay’ın eserlerini, yaşamı ve içinde bulunduğu
sosyo-kültürel ortam bağlamında incelemektir. Yaşadığı
dönemin sanat hareketleri içerisinde yer alan sanatçının adı
çağdaş Türk resim tarihini anlatan kaynaklarda geçmemektedir.
Ayrıca literatürde Çokay’ın sanat eserleri ile ilgili
araştırma-inceleme çalışmalarının sayısı çok azdır.

Çalışma
nitel bir araştırma olup; betimsel-tarama
yöntemiyle yapılandırılmıştır.
Bilgiler literatür taraması yoluyla toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın
sonucunda; dönemin gruplaşma eğilimleri bağlamında Nevin
Çokay’ın eserleri değerlendirilmiştir. Sanatçı çağdaş
Türk resmindeki “Yeniler” ve “Onlar” gruplarının oluşum
süreçlerinde yer almış ve bu grupların sanat anlayışından
etkilenmiştir. Çokay’ın
eserleri Anadolu kültüründeki geleneksel motif ve semboller ile
Modern Sanat’ın estetik değerlerini sentezleyen çalışmalardır.
Klasik Gitar Eğitiminde Parmaklandırma (Fingering) Yaklaşımları
Authors: Öztutgan Zülüf , Öztutgan Kaan
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırmada parmaklandırma (fingering) yaklaşımları, bu yaklaşımlara yönelik
çeşitli değişkenler ele alınmış ve parmaklandırma yaklaşımları
sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu yolla gitarist, öğrenci ve gitar eğitmenlerinin daha
bilinçli Görselde parmaklandırma yapabilmelerine yönelik katkı sağlanması
amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma var olan durumu ortaya koyan nitel bir çalışmadır.
Bu araştırma sonucunda; klasik gitar icrasında parmaklandırma yöntemlerinin
çeşitlilik gösterdiği, klasik gitar parmaklandırmasının temel yaklaşım, tınıya
yönelik yaklaşım, müzikal ifadeye yönelik yaklaşım, anatomi ve ergonomiye
yönelik yaklaşım, serbest yaklaşım olmak üzere beş ana başlığa, anatomi ve
ergonomiye yönelik yaklaşım ise eksen (pivot) parmak yaklaşımı, kılavuz (guide)
parmak yaklaşımı, düz parmaklandırma yaklaşımı ve güçlü parmak yaklaşımı olmak
üzere dört alt gruba ayrılabileceği, parmaklandırma yapmanın eserin etkin
biçimde seslendirilmesine doğrudan etki ettiği, etkin bir parmaklandırma
yapılabilmesi için kişinin kendi anatomik sınırlarını iyi bilmesi gerektiği,
parmaklandırmanın doğru kullanılabilmesi için gitarın tuşesine ve sol-sağ el
tekniklerine hakim olunması gerektiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Mekan ve Moda İlişkisi: Bir Workshop Deneyimi
Authors: Tavşan Filiz , Sönmez Elif
Published: March 2019

Tasarım
ve estetik kriterine dayalı eğitim veren mimarlık, iç mimarlık, moda, tekstil,
sahne tasarımı ve benzeri alanlar birbirlerinden sürekli beslenen
disiplinlerdir. Özellikle insan ve mekan ilişkisi bağlamında tasarım sürecinde
mimarlık ve moda ortak paydalar barındıran iki disiplindir. Her ikisinin de
temelinde insan vardır. Moda tasarımı insan bedenini çevrelerken, mimarlık
insan bedeninin yaşadığı mekanı kuşatır. Çalışma da mimarlık ve moda tasarımı
disiplinleri arasındaki paralelliklerin altı çizilmiş, moda ve mekan
benzerlikleri, birbirlerinden etkileşimleri vurgulanmıştır. Her iki sanat dalı
için ortak kavramlar KTÜ İç Mimarlık Bölümü 4. sınıf öğrencilerine verilen “İç
Mekanda Mimari Stiller” seçmeli dersi kapsamında “Giyilebilir İç Mekan
Stilleri” temalı workshop çalışması ürünleri üzerinden ortaya konmuştur. Rönesans
döneminden günümüze kadar etkili olan stiller konusunun, öğrenciler tarafından
daha iyi algılanabilmesi için konuların moda disiplini ile ilişkilendirildiği
bir çalışma kurgulanmıştır.
Transboundary water governance in the European Union: the (unresolved) allocation question
Authors: Baranyai Gábor
Published: March 2019

While the European Union (EU) has one of the most extensive and sophisticated supranational water policy worldwide, its transboundary governance framework has certain structural deficiencies that may eventually give rise to significant cooperation gridlocks over shared river basins. Most prominently, EU water law as well as the numerous European basin treaties almost comprehensively ignore transboundary water quantity management and allocation questions. This lacuna is due to a series of hydro-geographical, political and institutional factors prevailing at the time when the foundations of today's European framework of transboundary water governance were laid down in the 1980s and 1990s. Yet, changing hydrological conditions points to increasing fluctuations in water quantities in European river basins. Due to their one-sided ecological focus, however, the existing European governance mechanisms may prove unable to handle a growing competition for water among riparian states in case of flow variations beyond historical ranges. This article investigates the roots and the possible future implications of the unresolved transboundary allocation question within the EU.
Selection of PPP program models based on ecological compensation in the Chishui Watershed
Authors: Zhang Conglin , Liang Yongzhan , Huang Zhou , Qiao Haijuan , Zhang Shuang
Published: March 2019

Choosing the right structural model for projects in various fields has become an important subject of research, and adopting a suitable model has been recognized as crucial to a project's success. For public–private partnership (PPP) programs involving ecological compensation in the Chishui Watershed, implementers are required to give extensive considerations to balancing economic, societal, and ecological impacts and benefits, connected to numerous stakeholders. Any program model choice is made difficult by various influencing factors introduced by these stakeholders. This paper examines models of PPP eco-compensation programs in the Chishui Watershed, a region that faces an acute conflict between protection and growth, and is in urgent need of eco-compensation mechanisms. For this purpose, we have developed an indicator system with three hierarchical levels containing, respectively, two, five, and 18 indicator items. A list of feasible PPP models are chosen based on existing programs in the region. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)/fuzzy analysis is used to establish an integrated decision-making framework. The suitability of the models in each field can then be ranked by their integrated decision score. The differences between models are also analyzed to find the main limiting indicators on PPP programs.
Effect of Pre-analytical Conditions on Prothrombin Time and Partial Activated Thromboplastin Time
Authors: Beatriz Moutinho , Beatriz Pinto , Rita Cardoso , Helena Alves , Monica Botelho
Published: March 2019

Background:

Clinical analysis often involves clotting assays. Although the guidelines suggest
the storing and freezing of samples before these assays, there are contradictory results in the literature.
The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of the temperature and the storage of plasma
sample on Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) in clinical samples
for 65 patients without coagulation disorders.

Materials and Methods:

After centrifugation, plasma of each patient was tested at arrival as part of
their routine care and separately aliquoted. Three aliquots were stored at room temperature, 4°C and -
20°C for 24h after collection, two aliquots were stored at 4°C and -20°C for 1 week and one aliquot
was stored at -70°C for 1 month.

Results:

PT from healthy patients was affected at room temperature for 24h and at 4°C for 1 week. For
aPTT, the results were statistically different for all the conditions after 24h and at 4°C for 1 week.
Conclusion: Results indicate that PT and aPTT can be stored at -70ºC for at least 1 month without any
significant changes in the assay result.
Triple Therapy in COPD
Authors: Micheletto Claudio , Sparacino Alice
Published: March 2019

:

Triple inhaled therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes an
inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), a long-acting b2-agonist (LABA) and a long-acting muscarinic
antagonist (LAMA) taken in combination. Triple therapy is recommended by the Global Initiative for
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) for patients who experience recurrent exacerbations
despite treatment with either a dual bronchodilator or LABA/ICS combination. There is consistent
evidence that the LABA/LAMA/ICS combination has significantly greater effects on trough FEV1,
symptoms, quality of life, and exercise performance compared to comparator treatments.

:

The role of triple therapy in reducing exacerbations in COPD patients is debatable, but recent trials
have revealed some intriguing insights.

:

Three pivotal studies, namely TRILOGY, TRINITY and TRIBUTE have been conducted to evaluate
the safety and efficacy of extrafine Beclomethasone/Formoterol Fumarate/Glycopyrronium Bromide
(BDP/FF/GB) versus different treatment options for COPD. Extrafine BDP/FF/GB has been
compared to an ICS/LABA (BDP/FF) combination in the TRILOGY study, to a LAMA
monotherapy (Tiotropium-TIO) and an extemporary triple combination of ICS/LABA + LAMA
(BDP/FF + TIO) in the TRINITY study, and to one inhalation of LABA/LAMA per day (Indacaterol/
Glycopyrronium - IND/GLY) in the TRIBUTE study.

:

Another triple therapy with Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) was
recently tested in two further studies that included patients with COPD. The FULFIL study compared
the efficacy of the triple FF/UMEC/VI therapy to the ICS/LABA association budesonide/formoterol,
while the IMPACT study compared the rate of moderate and severe exacerbations between singleinhaler
FF/UMEC/VI and single-inhaler FF/VI or UMEC/VI.
Application of SRMS 154 as Sustained Release Matrix for the Delivery of Stavudine: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation and Effect of Poloxamer 188 on the Properties of the Tablets
Authors: Chime S.A. , Attama A.A. , Onunkwo G.C.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Stavudine is an antiretroviral therapy with so many side effects and has a
short half-life of 1.5 h. It degrades to thymine under hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic conditions
hence has major formulation challenges.

Objectives:

To formulate sustained release lipid based stavudine and to study the properties of the
formulations by in vitro and in vivo methods.

Methods:

Stavudine tablets were formulated by moulding using validated tablets moulds. The carrier
used were solidified reverse micellar solution (SRMS) made up of varying ratios of hydrogenated
palm oil and Phospholipid admixtures. Evaluation tests were carried out on the tablets using
both Pharmacopoeial and non Pharmacopoeial test. Drug release was studied in both simulated
gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2). In vivo release was studied
using Wistar rats.

Results:

The results showed that stavudine tablets exhibited weight range of 372 ± 0.14 to 386 ±
0.52 mg, friability ranged from 0.00 to 0.13 % and hardness ranged from 4.27 ± 0.25 to 5.30 ±
0.21 Kgf. Tablets formulated with SRMS 1:2 had erosion time range of 60.80 ± 1.23 to 87.90 ±
2.33 min and was affected significantly by the presence of Poloxamer 188 (p < 0.05). The formulations
exhibited T100 % at 10 to13 h in SIF. Stavudine tablets showed the area under the curve
(AUC) of 854.0 μg/h/ml, significantly higher than the AUC of the reference (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Stavudine SRMS-based tablets had good stability and sustained release properties.
Formulations containing 1 % Poloxamer 188 exhibited enhanced in vivo absorption and hence
could be used once daily in order to enhance the bioavailability of this drug..
Multimedia pembelajaran berbasis web pada mata pelajaran akuntansi SMA untuk peningkatan motivasi dan hasil belajar
Authors: Danaswari Chezaria , Gafur Abdul
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis web untuk mata pelajaran  Akuntansi SMA, dan mengetahui hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar dengan menggunakan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis web yang dikembangkan. Model pengembangan multimedia web menggunakan Alessi and Trollip melalui tiga tahapan, yakni perencanaan, desain, dan pengembangan. Uji coba evaluasi produk terdiri atas: evaluasi formatif meliputi uji alpha, yakni validasi produk oleh dua ahli materi dan dua ahli media, dan uji beta kesan siswa. Serta evaluasi sumatif meliputi uji coba hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) produk yang dihasilkan berupa website studioakuntansi.com layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berdasarkan hasil penilaian ahli materi, ahli media dan uji beta dengan skor 4,23 (kategori sangat baik); (2) peningkatan skor rata-rata pada pretest dan posttest hasil belajar seluruh siswa sebesar 0,43 (kategori sedang), peningkatan skor rata-rata pada pretest dan posttest motivasi belajar seluruh siswa sebesar 0,38 (kategori sedang). Terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa setelah menggunakan multimedia pembelajaran  Akuntansi berbasis web.Kata kunci: pengembangan multimedia, pembelajaran berbasis web, multimedia web, pembelajaran  Akuntansi WEB BASED TEACHING MULTIMEDIA IN ACCOUNTING SUBJECT OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL FOR INCREASING MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMESAbstractThe aims of this research are: (1) to produce web based teaching multimedia for accounting subject of senior high school (2) to find out the learning outcome and motivation by using web based teaching multimedia. The development of web based multimedia used Alessi and Trollip model consisting of three main phases: planning, design, developing. The product testing was held on: formative evaluation consisted of alpha testing involving validation by two subject material experts and two media experts, and beta testing of learners’ reaction, and sumative evaluation consisted of students’ learning outcome and motivation testing. The results of the research showed that: (1) the developed product was studioakuntansi.com website consisting of web based teaching multimedia in the accounting subject feasible to be used in classroom teaching and learning processes, based on the assessment by the subject material experts, media experts and also from the beta testing with the score of 4.23 (very good category), (2) the average gain score on the pretest and posttest of all students’ outcome was 0.43 (middle category), and the average gain score on the pretest and posttest of all students’ motivation was 0.38 (middle category). There was an increase on the students’ learning outcome and motivation after the use of the developed multimedia for accounting subject of senior high school.Keywords: multimedia development, web based learning, multimedia web, accounting subject
Advancing PrEP Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial for Use of ePrEP to Expand PrEP Access to Non-Urban Young Black MSM (Preprint)
Authors: Siegler Aaron J , Brock James B , Hurt Christopher B , Ahlschlager Lauren , Dominguez Karen , Kelley Colleen , Jenness Samuel , Wilde Gretchen , Jameson Samuel , Bailey-Herring Gina , Mena Leandro A
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly efficacious for preventing HIV but has not yet been brought to scale among at-risk persons. In several clinical trials in urban areas, technology-based interventions have shown a positive impact on PrEP adherence. In rural and small-town areas in the United States, which often do not have geographically proximal access to PrEP providers, additional support may be needed. This may be particularly true for younger persons, who are more likely to face multiple barriers to accessing PrEP services. Home-based care, accomplished through a tailored smartphone application (app), specimen self-collection (SSC), and interactive video consultations, could increase both PrEP initiation and persistence in care.

OBJECTIVE

Our goal is to assess the initiation and persistence in PrEP care for those randomized to a home-care intervention (ePrEP) relative to those assigned to the standard of care (control) condition. We will conduct additional assessments, including quantitative and qualitative analyses, to contextualize trial results and facilitate scale-up.

METHODS

This two-arm, randomized controlled trial will enroll young men who have sex with men (YMSM) aged 18-24 from rural areas of Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina. The trial will seek to recruit a diverse sample, targeting 50% participation among highly impacted groups of Black or Latino MSM. Intervention participants will receive a study app that incorporates a messaging platform, a scheduling and milestone-based tracking system for PrEP care progress, electronic behavioral surveys, and interactive video consultations with a clinician. Complemented by SSC kits mailed to laboratories for standard PrEP-related monitoring, the ePrEP system will allow participants to access PrEP care without leaving their homes. YMSM randomized to the control condition will receive a listing of nearest local PrEP providers to receive standard PrEP care. Both groups will complete quarterly electronic surveys. The primary outcome, assessed at 6 and 12 months after randomization, will be the difference in the proportion of intervention versus control participants that achieve protective levels of the active metabolite of oral PrEP (tenofovir diphosphate).

RESULTS

Enrollment is anticipated to begin in March 2019, with study completion in 2022.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial will determine whether home PrEP care provided through an app-based platform is an efficacious means of expanding access to PrEP care for a diverse group of YMSM in rural and small town areas of the United States.

CLINICALTRIAL

University of North Carolina Institutional Review Board (#18-0107); ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03729570
Kombinasi Maltodekstrin dan Whey sebagai Bahan Penyalut padaKarakteristik MikroenkapsulOleoresinKayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmanii)
Authors: Hasna Tanalyna , Anandito Baskara Katri , Khasanah Lia Umi , Utami Rohula , Manuhara Godras Jati
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence using combination of maltodextrin and whey (1:3, 2:2 and 3:1)  as wall material due to quality characteristic of cinnamon (Cinnamon burmanii) oleoresin microencapsulan, including yield, water content, solubility in water, microstructure appeareance, cinnamaldehyde content, and residue of solvent. First of all, the oleoresin was reached from extraction using ethanol 96 % for 4 hours. Then the oleoresin emultion was dried using spray drying method. The experimental design used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor (rasio of wall material). The result showed that combination of wall material had significant effect to yield (14,98 - 22,69%), water content (6,20 - 7,04%), residue of solvent (00,50 - 0,63%), cinnamaldehyde content (26,18 - 43,90%), and microstructure appeareance, but unsignificantly affected to solubility in water (92,85 - 95,24%).
Study of COD Removal Rate on a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) Treating Tapioca Wastewater
Authors: Mulyani Happy , Budianto Gregorius Prima Indra , Margono Margono , Kaavessina Mujtahid
Published: March 2019

Industrial wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) can improve effluent quality at lower cost than that obtained by other biological treatment methods. Further optimization is still required to enhance effluent quality until it meets standard quality and to reduce the operating cost of treatment of high strength organic wastewater. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of pretreatment (pH adjustment and prechlorination) and aeration time on effluent quality and COD removal rate in tapioca wastewater treatment using SBR. Pretreatment was done by (1) adjustment of tapioca wastewater pH to control (4.92), 7, and 8, and (2) tapioca wastewater prechlorination at pH 8 during hour using calcium hypochlorite in variation dosages 0, 2, 4, 6 mg/L Cl2, SBR operation was conducted according to following steps: (1) Filling of pre-treated wastewater into a bioreactor during 1 hour, and (2) aeration of the mixture of tapioca wastewater and activated sludge during 8 hours. Effluent sample was collected at every 2-hours aeration for COD analysis. COD removal rate mathematical formula was got by first deriving the best fit function between aeration time and COD. Optimum aeration time resulting in no COD removal rate. The value of COD effluent and its removal rate in optimum aeration time was used to determine the recommended of operation condition of pretreatment. Research result shows that chosen pH operation condition is pH 8. Prechorination can make effluent quality which meets standard quality and highest COD removal rate. The chosen Cl2 dosage is 6 mg/L.
Effects of Different Weather Conditions and Addition of Mangosteen Peel Powder on Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Coconut Sap
Authors: Haryanti Pepita , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Marseno Djagal Wiseso , Santoso Umar
Published: March 2019

Coconut sap is sweet, oyster-white and translucent liquid which can be obtained by tapping coconut flowers for 8  ̶  12 hours. Since it contains sugar with nearly neutral pH, coconut sap is highly susceptible to spontaneous fermentation. In order to maintain the quality of the sap during the tapping process, coconut farmers usually add preservative substances. The preservatives can be produced either naturally, such as mixtures of lime, mangosteen peel and sliced jackfruit wood, or synthetic one, such as sodium metabisulphite. The chemical properties of coconut sap might be affected by weather conditions during the tapping process. This research aimed to determine the effect of weather conditions during tapping process and variations of mangosteen peel powder concentration on the chemical properties and antioxidant activity of the coconut sap. The results showed that the optimum preservative concentration of mangosteen peel powder was 0.84 g/L of coconut sap which was tapped in sunny weather condition. This treatment yielded sap with chemical properties i.e. pH value of 6.7; total soluble solids of 16.2 °brix; water content of 85.62%; reducing sugar of 0.04 g/100 g; sucrose content of 13.64 g/100 g; total free amino acids of 0.1738 g/100 g; total phenolic of 323.23 mgGAE/100 g; and vitamin C of 26.06 mg/100 g. The antioxidant activity of this treatment was 34.39 % RSA evaluated by DPPH method, this value, was relatively similar to that of the addition of 0.28 and 0.56 g/L mangosteen peel powder. The coconut sugar produced had reducing sugar of 5.01 g/100 g; total sugar of 86.50 g/100 g; total phenolic content of 470 mgGAE/100 g; browning index of 16254 IU (ICUMSA); and antioxidant activity of 61.05% RSA.
An Intraspeaker Variation Study of Scottish English /r/ Pharyngealisation
Authors: Purse Ruaridh , McGill Euan
Published: March 2019

Pharyngealisation— the retraction of the tongue towards the pharynx— of prepausal and preconsonantal /r/ has been recognised as an emergent strategy of derhoticisation in Scotland’s  Central Belt (Stuart-Smith 2007). However, previous studies have focused on the incidence of this phenomenon between speakers, with little attention paid to intraspeaker variation. The question remains: How does Scottish English derhoticisation behave in a situation of style shifting? We explore the intraspeaker variation of comedian Frankie Boyle, a recognisable speaker of Scottish English, comparing his production of apical and pharyngealised /r/ in prepausal and preconsonantal environments in two interview contexts. The acoustic correlates of /r/ pharyngealisation are characterised as a rise in F3 with reduced energy in the formant. This is quite different from the plummeting F3 associated with an apical realisation of /r/, allowing for a binary categorisation of pharyngeal and apical tokens as well as an analysis of F3 frequency as a continuous measure.We present evidence that Boyle makes significantly more frequent use of pharyngealisation when interviewed by Kevin Bridges, a fellow Glasgow native, than by Richard Osman, a Southern Standard British English (SSBE) speaker. Further, a secondary analysis of phonation quality shows that Boyle uses significantly more creaky voice with Osman than with Bridges, allowing for a fuller understanding of Boyle’s style in each context. Attempts to attribute the observed differences in pharyngealisation rate to factors other than interview context (e.g., linguistic factors or discussion topic) yielded insignificant results, further reinforcing the notion that the style shift is due to interview context. Even within the binary categories of pharyngeal vs. apical, an analysis of formant frequency found that, on average, Boyle produced “ more apical”  apicals with Osman (lower plummeting F3) and “ more pharyngeal”  pharyngeals with Bridges (higher rising F3), suggesting that these forms are dynamic and can be strategically produced to varying degrees. This evident style shift between interview contexts is an ideal platform for a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of various sociolinguistic theories. Ultimately, we conclude that audience design best captures the interactional effects observed, but reference to second order indexicality is required to understand what social meaning Boyle achieves through style shifting.
Incidencia de internet en el proceso de decisión de compra
Authors: Arroyo-Cañada Francisco Javier
Published: March 2019

La penetración de Internet en los hogares, así como el uso del smartphone y otros dispositivos portátiles, tanto dentro como fuera del hogar, está introduciendo cambios a lo largo de todo el proceso de decisión de compra de los consumidores. La comodidad y ahorro de tiempo, junto con las numerosas ofertas y promociones existentes en la red han propiciado una rápida adopción del comercio electrónico de los usuarios de Internet. Un comercio que crece en volumen, no solo por el mayor número de compradores que se adhieren año tras año, sino porque los compradores con experiencia online satisfactoria, y una visión más clara de la conveniencia de canal online, extienden sus compras a otras categorías de productos con mayores reticencias, como es el caso de productos de alimentación fresca.
Aproximación sistémica al dimensionamiento de personal en instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud
Authors: Uribe-Gómez Julián Alberto
Published: March 2019

El talento humano es la piedra angular en cualquier sistema de salud. Sin personal idóneo no es posible prestar un servicio de calidad a la población necesitada, por lo tanto, se hace indispensable contar con metodologías de trabajo que faciliten y fortalezcan la planeación y la gestión del personal de apoyo de los servicios de salud.
Este artículo pretende presentar un modelo de planeación de recursos utilizando la simulación, bajo el paradigma de dinámica de sistemas como herramienta de trabajo, con el objeto de brindar apoyo a aquellas personas encargadas de la elaboración de políticas y planes en instituciones de salud para tomar mejores decisiones, en lo referente a la cantidad de talento humano que deben contratar, para satisfacer la oportunidad, calidad y servicio en la atención.
Mudança linguística e gramaticalização: o modal verbo “dever” no Português do Brasil (Linguistic change and grammarization: the modal verb “dever” in Portuguese of Brazil)
Authors: Casimiro Sergio
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é o de analisar os valores deôntico e epistêmico do verbo modal “dever” no Português do Brasil a partir de uma abordagem funcional da modalidade (cf. Bybee, 1995, Neves, 1996 e Dik, 1997) e verificar seu processo de Gramaticalização (cf. Hopper, 1991, Hopper & Traugott, 1993, Traugott & König, 1991). Num trabalho de variação e mudança linguística, foram utilizados como corpuspara esta análise a Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, como exemplo do português do século XVI, Sermões do Padre Antônio Vieira, como exemplos do século XVII, e Mostras de Diálogo entre Documentador e Informante (DID) do NURC do Rio de Janeiro, como exemplos do século XX. Observou-se o uso prototípico do verbo “dever” como deôntico, passando a ter valores polissêmicos e, finalmente, valor epistêmico, o que evidencia um clineque parte do sentido deôntico para o epistêmico, num ganho de subjetividade (cf. Traugott & Dasher, 2000) ao logo do tempo.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramaticalização; Mudança Linguística; Modalização; Verbo modal “dever”.
UPAYA MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING
Authors: Simarmata Nada Naviana
Published: March 2019

Pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini sebernanya masih banyak kekurangan guru dalam mengembangkan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran yang dibuatnya terutama dalam model pembelajaran yang digunakan terkadang guru hanya melakukan ceramah saja sehingga membuat peserta didik pasif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Disini penelitian yang dibuat menggunakan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dimana peserta didik diharapkan untuk aktif dalam model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang ada di bagian pembahasan dan hasil penelitian ini menggunakan Snowball Throwing yang dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa yang memuaskan. Dimana Snowball Throwing  mengajak siswa untuk aktif dan berfikir kritis kemudian dalam model pembelajaran ini siswa berfikir untuk membuat pertanyaan yang akan dilemparkan ke siswa lain. Model pembelajaran ini dibentuk menjadi beberapa kelompok sehingga siswa dapat mengeluarkan pendapat untuk memberikan pertanyaan ke siswa yang lainnya. Terutama di sekolah Dasar sangat berhasil jika menggunakan model pembelajaran seperti ini. Model pembelajaran snowball Throwing ini tidak langsung meningkat begitu saja hasil belajar dari peserta didik, melainkan secara bertahap.Kata kunci :  Hasil Belajar, Snowball Throwing, Hasil, Pembelajaran
PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN COPERATIVE SCRIPT DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR HISTORIS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH SMA NEGERI 2 KOTO XI TARUSAN KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Alwahid Ibnu Habib , Sarkadi Sarkadi , Umasih Umasih
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aims to find and obtain empirical data the influence of cooperative script learning methods and the ability to think historically on the outcomes of SMA Negeri 2 Koto XI Tarusan Pesisir Selatan Regency in the Lesson Year 2017/2018. This research took place from February 2018 to March 2018. The method used in this research is the experimental method with design treatment by level 2x2. In this study the instruments used are for the ability of historical thinking and learning outcomes are bebrbentuk multiple choice test. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the result of learning history of students who follow cooperative script learning method is higher than students who follow the conventional learning method, 2) terrdapat interaction effect between learning methods with the ability to think historically on student learning outcomes, 3) students who are given cooperative script learning method with higher historical thinking ability than students given conventional learning method with high historical thinking ability. 4) the result of student history learning given cooperative script learning method with having low historical thinking ability lower than students are given conventional learning methods with low historical thinking ability.Keywords: Historical learning result, cooperative script learning method, historical thinking abilityAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendapatan data yang empiris pengaruh metode pembelajaran cooperative script dan kemampuan berpikir historis terhadap hasil belajar SMA Negeri 2 Koto XI Tarusan Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Pada Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan februari 2018 sampai Maret 2018. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain treatment by level 2x2. Dalam penelitian ini instrumen yang digunakan adalah untuk kemampuan berpikir historis dan hasil belajar adalah bebrbentuk tes pilihan ganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran cooperative script lebih tinggi dari siswa yang mengikuti metode pembelajaran konvensional, 2) terrdapat pengaruh interaksi antara metode pembelajaran  dengan kemampuan berpikir historis terhadap hasil belajar siswa, 3) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran cooperative script dengan memiliki kemampuan berpikir historis tinggi lebih tinggi dari siswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran konvensional dengan memiliki kemampuan berpikir historis tinggi.4) hasil belajar sejarah siswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran cooperative script dengan memiliki kemampuan berpikir historis rendah lebih rendah dari siswa yang diberikan metode pembelajaran konvensional dengan memiliki kemampuan berpikir historis rendah. Kata Kunci : Hasil belajar sejarah, Metode pembelajaran cooperative script, Kemampuan berpikir historis
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF STAD BERBANTUAN MIND MAP TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DAN SELF EFFICACY SISWA KELAS VIII SMP
Authors: Kumala Sari Ni Putu Indah
Published: March 2019

This study aims to (1) describe the difference of learning outcomes of science and self efficacy of grade VIII junior high school students using cooperative learning model of STAD assisted by mind map and direct learning model, (2) to describe the difference of learning outcomes of science students of grade VIII of junior high school using cooperative learning model STAD assisted by mind map and direct learning model, and (3) to describe the difference of self efficacy of grade VIII SMP students using cooperative learning model of STAD assisted by mind map and direct learning model. The focus of this research problem is the influence of STAD cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes and self efficacy. This type of research is a quasi-experimental non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study were all students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Selatan consisting of 30 students. The research sample was taken based on group random sampling technique. The data in this research are the scores of students' science learning outcomes and self efficacy scores analyzed using the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test. The result of the research shows that (1) there are differences of learning outcomes of science and self efficacy of students using cooperative learning model of STAD assisted by mind map and direct learning model, (2) there is difference of learning result of science student learning with cooperative model of mind map-assistedSTAD and model direct learning, (3) there are differences in self-efficacy of students who learn with the STAD cooperative model and direct learning models.