bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forgetful Remembrance
Authors: Beiner Guy
Published: November 2018

What happens when a society attempts to obscure inconvenient episodes in its past? In 1798, Ulster Protestants—in particular Presbyterians—participated alongside Catholics in the failed republican rebellion of the United Irishmen. In subsequent years, communities in counties Antrim and Down that had been heavily involved in the insurrection reconciled with the newly formed United Kingdom and identified with unionism. As Protestant loyalists closed ranks in face of resurgent Catholic nationalism, with many joining the Orange Order, Presbyterians had a vested interest to consign their rebel past to oblivion. Uncovering a vernacular historiography, to be found in oral traditions and often-unnoticed local writings, Guy Beiner shows that recollections of the rebellion persisted under a public facade of forgetting. Beneath a culture of silencing and reticence, he finds muted traditions of forgetful remembrance. Beiner follows the dynamics of social forgetting for over two centuries, starting with anxieties of being forgotten that preceded the insurrection. He reveals how bitter memories of repression prevented a policy of amnesty from facilitating amnesia. Clandestine traditions of defiant remembrance were regenerated and transmitted over several generations, yet when commemoration emerged into the open, it was met with violent responses. Prohibitions on public remembrance of 1798 seemed to come to an end by the bicentennial year of 1998, with the signing of the peace agreement in Northern Ireland, however the ambiguity of memory continues into the current post-conflict era. Comparative references demonstrate the wider relevance of the historical study of social forgetting.
Introduction
Authors: Beiner Guy
Published: November 2018

Questioning the inevitability of an inherent opposition between myth and history opens possibilities for rethinking our engagement with the past through the lens of ‘mythistory’. In the same vein, the concept of ‘vernacular historiography’ is introduced in relation to a number of related historiographical developments, namely: living history, history from below, people’s history, subaltern history, democratic history, ethnohistory, popular history, public history, applied history, everyday history, shared history, folk history, grass-roots history, as well as local and provincial history. In turn, the study of forgetting and of lieu d’oubli is identified as a new direction for advancing the field of Memory Studies and moving beyond our current understanding of lieux de mémoire. In particular, ‘social forgetting’, whereby communities try to supress recollections of inconvenient episodes in their past, is conceptualized as thriving on tensions between public reticence and muted remembrance in private. Finally, charting the forgetful remembrance of the 1798 rebellion in Ulster—known locally as ‘the Turn-Out’—is presented as an illuminating case study for coming to terms with social forgetting and vernacular historiography.
Amnesty and Amnesia
Authors: Beiner Guy
Published: November 2018

Policies of pacification through amnesty imply the promise of forgetting and forgiving. However, the attempt to decree collective amnesia from above is subject to contestation. The brutal suppression of the 1798 rebellion in Ulster, enforced through counter-revolutionary measures of state terror, and the limitations placed on the attempt to introduce amnesty for the rebels left a residue of bitter memories, which could not be openly discussed in public. Those who benefitted from pardons and converted to loyalism had an incentive to disremember the rebellion. In addition, transportation, exile, and mass emigration of former rebels removed many recollections from social memory. On the other hand, radicals were determined not to forget and cultivated clandestine narratives of counter-memory, which encouraged the development of a tensely ambiguous culture of social forgetting.
Regenerated Forgetting
Authors: Beiner Guy
Published: November 2018

Traditions of social forgetting, whereby awkward historical episodes are not commemorated in public but are still remembered in obscure forms, can be passed on over generations. With time, muted memories can emerge into the open, yet they still reflect various forms of restraint. The spread of Orangeism in Ulster, alongside unionist concerns about the rise of nationalism, provided a forceful context for disremembering Protestant involvement in the United Irishmen. The emergence of relics from 1798, including occasional discovery of skeletons, were salient reminders of the past. Whereas works of historical fiction that did not correspond to local traditions of the Turn-Out failed to attract attention, literary representations of folk memory were received with enthusiasm by popular readerships. Towards the end of the century, antiquarian interest fed into a cultural revival in Ulster, which was determined to bring long-hidden memories of Ninety-Eight into the public sphere.
Must There be Brute Facts?
Authors: Heil John
Published: November 2018

What are brute facts? The question admits of two interpretations. First, what is it for a fact to be brute? Second, which facts, which ways the universe is, are brute? One possibility is that brute facts are optional, unconstrained by the nature of reality. In that case, the class of brute facts could be far more limited than is commonly thought and indeed possibly nonexistent. This possibility remains invisible so long as we persist in a latent Humean bias. One manifestation of this bias is our willingness to address questions about the modal status of ways the universe is via the apparatus of alternative ‘possible’ worlds. That apparatus, far from being an innocent vehicle for the formulation of modal claims, carries the implication that contingency is unproblematic. But contingency is epistemically fraught, a point that can be illustrated by means of a careful consideration of the nature of causal relations.
Bruteness and Supervenience
Authors: Levine Joseph
Published: November 2018

This chapter first presents a framework, one that the author has defended elsewhere (Levine 2001), for understanding the notion of bruteness, its relation to modality, and the way this framework applies to the mind–body problem. Second, the chapter then turns to a problem in meta-ethics and attempts to address this problem within the framework already established. The problem is how to reconcile two views that many philosophers, including the author, are inclined to hold: on the one hand, “robust realism” or “non-naturalism” about the ethical and, on the other, the supervenience of the ethical on the non-ethical. The chapter speculates about how one might reasonably reconcile these two views.
Are Modal Facts Brute Facts?
Authors: Goswick Dana
Published: November 2018

Modality appears to be all around us: water molecules are necessarily H2O; it’s necessary that if something is a cat, then it’s a mammal; it’s possible for you to wear brown shoes. The implausibility of eliminativism about modality combined with the lack of an ontologically conservative, genuinely reductive account of modality lends a prima facie plausibility to modal primitivism. Despite this prima facie plausibility, the author contends that modal primitivism is ultimately untenable. She argues that there is a plausible form of modal reductionism which has, thus far, been overlooked in the literature, namely, an account which proceeds via providing a reductive account of the existence of objects which have modal properties rather than via providing a reductive account of objects’ instantiation of modal properties. In light of the availability of this new way of reducing modality, modal reductionism is preferable to modal primitivism. Modal facts are not brute.
Emergence, Downward Causation, and No Brute Facts in Biological Systems
Authors: Arnellos Argyris , El-Hani Charbel
Published: November 2018

This chapter explains emergence in biological organizations through a conception of ontological emergence according to which certain types of dynamical organizations possess irreducible properties that are nevertheless derivable from the substrate. The authors concentrate on the ontological dimension of emergence as the irreducibly causal configuration exhibited by all organizations that manifest persistence and stability in their environment. This is a conception of ontological emergence where the locus of novel causal powers is the configuration of constituents into stable dynamic organizations. There is nothing brute to be explained in the emergence of causal properties in a biological organization; all that is needed is the consideration of its organizational characteristics in terms of same-level and inter-level causal interactions, the type of which is of formal causation for interactions among the constituents of the organization and of efficient causation for interactions among the constituents and the micro-properties of their surrounding emergence base.
Neuroscientific Treatment of Criminals and Penal Theory
Authors: Ryberg Jesper
Published: November 2018

Does the implementation of treatment schemes as an integrated element in the sentencing of offenders violate a retributivist view of punishment? Traditional rehabilitationism has often been held to conflict with retributive justice. However, in this chapter it is argued that: 1) treatment schemes can be designed in a way that is fully consistent with retributive proportionality constraints; 2) treatment schemes cannot plausibly be rejected by retributivists as a type of punishment that should be banned in principle; 3) there may be circumstances under which the retributivist should accept treatment schemes even if criminals are being disproportionately punished.
The Politics of Management Knowledge in Times of Austerity
Authors: Ferlie Ewan , Dopson Sue , Bennett Chris , Fischer Michael , Ledger Jean , McGivern Gerry
Published: November 2018

While the implementation of evidence-based medicine guidelines is well studied, there has been little investigation into the extent to which a parallel evidence-based management movement has been influential within health care organizations. This book explores the various management knowledges and associated texts apparent in English health care organizations, and considers how the local reception of these texts was influenced by the macro level political economy of public services reform evident during the period of the politics of austerity. The research outlined in this volume shows that very few evidence-based management texts are apparent within health care organizations, despite the influence of certain knowledge producers, such as national agencies, think tanks, management consultancies, and business schools in the industry. Bringing together the often disconnected academic literature on management knowledge and public policy, the volume addresses the ways in which preferred management knowledges and texts in these publicly funded settings are sensitive to the macro level political economy of public services reform, offering an empirically grounded critique of the evidence-based management movement.
A review of literature and perspectives on management knowledge
Authors: Ferlie Ewan , Dopson Sue , Bennett Chris , Fischer Michael D. , Ledger Jean , McGivern Gerry
Published: November 2018

This chapter presents the different theoretical texts that informed our study and interpretation of empirical data. We review selected health services and social science literature to provide insights on the mobilization of knowledge in the health care sector, with specific attention to practice-based examples. We include a critical reading of perspectives on evidence-based management (EBMgt) which takes its lead from evidence-based medicine (EBM). Drawing on insights from the strategic management literature, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), we discuss how knowledge is understood as a valuable asset, and explore some implications for public services and health care settings. We conclude by contributing a novel perspective on the political economy of public management knowledge production—a macro-level analysis that seeks to explore how interactions at the political, economic, and policy levels shape the institutional context for management knowledge use in the public sector.
When Protest and Speech Collide
Authors: Estlund David
Published: November 2018

Even when it is not violent, a disruptive public protest often raises our hackles. Even when it is not illegal, we might wonder whether it is morally justifiable. In particular, one of the ways a protest can be disruptive—interfering with the ability of others to speak or express themselves—might seem especially damning. Such speech-interfering protests are often vilified, as if they fly in the face of the principle of freedom of speech, or even of the Constitution itself. Ought a protest’s interfering with the speech of others to count morally against that protest—is it forbidden by a moral principle of free speech? While it will be morally wrong in many cases, the moral presumption against it, even in the setting of a college campus, is not as overwhelming as is often supposed.
Property Rights and Natural Resources
Authors: Gilbert Jérémie
Published: November 2018

This chapter focuses on the connection between property rights and natural resources. Most national jurisdictions are based on a model of ‘State property’, whereby ownership and control of natural resources are vested in the ultimate authority of the State. This chapter analyses how the right to property supports the recognition of property rights over natural resources for certain category of citizens, notably indigenous peoples, landless peasants, and rural women. Based on this analysis, the chapter then explores how human rights law is gradually supporting the recognition of some forms of community property rights, notably for local forest communities and small-scale fishing communities. It also explores some of the underlying tensions between the concessionary rights of corporations and investors over natural resources and the rights of local communities.
Lowe’s New Ontological Argument
Authors: van Inwagen Peter
Published: November 2018

In ‘A New Modal Version of the Ontological Argument,’ E. J. Lowe has presented a version of the ontological argument that does not, like other versions of the modal argument, make use of a ‘possibility’ premise. (e.g. ‘It is possible for a perfect being to exist’.) Three of the premises of this carefully formulated argument are: some necessary abstract beings exist; all abstract beings are dependent beings; all dependent beings depend for their existence on independent beings. This chapter is an examination of the ‘interplay’ between these three premises and a defense of the author’s conviction that the second of them is false.
Veiling Esther, Unveiling Her Story
Authors: Silverstein Adam J.
Published: November 2018

This book examines the ways in which the biblical book of Esther was read, understood, and used in Muslim lands, from ancient to modern times. It zeroes-in on a selection of case studies, covering works from various periods and regions of the Muslim world, including the Qur’an, premodern historical chronicles and literary works, the writings of a nineteenth-century Shia feminist, a twentieth-century Iranian dictionary, and others. These case studies demonstrate that Muslim sources contain valuable materials on Esther, which shed light both on the Esther story itself and on the Muslim peoples and cultures that received it. The book argues that Muslim sources preserve important, pre-Islamic materials on Esther that have not survived elsewhere, some of which offer answers to ancient questions about Esther, such as the meaning of Haman’s epithet in the Greek versions of the story, the reason why Mordecai refused to prostrate himself before Haman, and the literary context of the “plot of the eunuchs” to kill the Persian king. Furthermore, throughout the book we will see how each author’s cultural and religious background influenced his or her understanding and retelling of the Esther story: In particular, it will be shown that Persian Muslims (and Jews) were often forced to reconcile or choose between the conflicting historical narratives provided by their religious and cultural heritages respectively.
Introduction
Authors: Silverstein Adam J.
Published: November 2018

This chapter explains what this book is about and why the topic is important. Some of the challenges in writing a book on this topic are also described. Thereafter, a short summary of each chapter is presented, followed by an overview of Esther in the Hebrew Bible. Although most of the book’s contents deal with the premodern period, in this introductory chapter I present a handful of examples in which Esther has been discussed in modern Muslim contexts, focusing on an Egyptian “televangelist” on the one hand, and a handful of Iranian politicians on the other. Moreover, the ways in which this study of a biblical book’s reception in Islamic cultures differs from other examples of Islamic reception history are described.
Haman in the Qur’ān
Authors: Silverstein Adam J.
Published: November 2018

This chapter asks whether the “Haman” who appears six times in the Qur’an is the same “Haman” who appears in Esther as the story’s villain. As the Qur’an’s Haman collaborates with Pharaoh in Egypt, the means by which this character was translated from ancient Persia (where Esther is set) to ancient Egypt are analysed. Moreover, the surprising significance of this topic for interfaith debates, from medieval to modern times, is highlighted. In tracing the stages through which Haman passed, from Esther (if not earlier) to the Qur’an, we encounter such sources as the Book of Tobit, the story of Aḥiqar the Sage, and a variety of Judeo-Christian materials that are not usually deployed in studying the Qur’an.
Intellectual Humility and the Practices of Faith
Authors: Macaskill Grant
Published: November 2018

This chapter examines the practices with which intellectual humility is enmeshed in the Christian life: patience and gratitude, which are both manifested in prayer. The discussion recognizes that intellectual humility does not function in isolation, as a virtue in its own right, but is expressed through, and fed by, other practices within the life of faith, as the minds of believers are rightly ordered with respect to God. Patience and gratitude are not represented within the New Testament simply as dispositions, but as deliberate volitional activities, by which the lordship and the goodness of God are acknowledged and behaviours modified accordingly. The chapter traces the key ways in which faithful servants are represented as ‘waiting upon God’ and giving thanks to him, and considers the ways that that these practices are represented as bearing on the epistemic and volitional characteristics of those servants.
Women in the Tunisian Labor Market
Authors: Mouelhi Rim Ben Ayed , Goaied Mohamed
Published: November 2018

This chapter aims at analyzing the characteristics of female employment and unemployment in Tunisia and at identifying the main incentives and constraints to female labor participation and choice of employment status. After the 2000s, female participation stagnated at around 25 percent in Tunisia—higher than the average in the MENA countries but half the world rate. Several socio-cultural factors with economic implications shape the participation of women in the labor market. Marital status is considered a constraint for labor force participation for woman. Women’s educational attainment also influences both their participation decision and the type of employment they choose. The services sectors provide the majority of female jobs, especially in the public sector, which is considered “family friendly.” Women are poorly represented in positions of responsibility and leadership, and the rate of self-employment among Tunisian women is low. The female unemployment rate is above that of men.
Introduction
Authors: et Mokal
Published: November 2018

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Modular Approach to the insolvency of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The Modular Approach shares with standard insolvency regimes the core objectives of preserving and maximizing value in the insolvency estate, ensuring distribution over an appropriate period of time of the highest feasible proportion of that value to those individuals and entities entitled to it, providing due accountability for any wrongdoing connected with the insolvency, and enabling discharge of over-indebted natural persons. The Modular Approach differs from standard processes, however, in the way it pursues these objectives. Its basic assumption is that the parties to an insolvency case are best placed to select the tools appropriate to that case. The role of the legal regime should be to make these tools available to the parties in a maximally flexible way, while creating the correct incentives for their deployment.
The History of ‘the Reading Public’
Authors: Collini Stefan
Published: November 2018

This chapter argues that accounts of ‘the reading public’ are always fundamentally historical, usually involving stories of ‘growth’ or ‘decline’. It examines Q. D. Leavis’s Fiction and the Reading Public, which builds a relentlessly pessimistic critique of the debased standards of the present out of a highly selective account of literature and its publics since the Elizabethan period. It goes on to exhibit the complicated analysis of the role of previous publics in F. R. Leavis’s revisionist literary history, including his ambivalent admiration for the great Victorian periodicals. And it shows how Richard Hoggart’s The Uses of Literacy carries an almost buried interpretation of social change from the nineteenth century onwards, constantly contrasting the vibrant and healthy forms of entertainment built up in old working-class communities with the slick, commercialized reading matter introduced by post-1945 prosperity.
Theories of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
Authors: Henriksen Niels E. , Hansen Flemming Y.
Published: November 2018

This book deals with a central topic at the interface of chemistry and physics—the understanding of how the transformation of matter takes place at the atomic level. Building on the laws of physics, the book focuses on the theoretical framework for predicting the outcome of chemical reactions. The style is highly systematic with attention to basic concepts and clarity of presentation. Molecular reaction dynamics is about the detailed atomic-level description of chemical reactions. Based on quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics or, as an approximation, classical mechanics, the dynamics of uni- and bimolecular elementary reactions are described. The first part of the book is on gas-phase dynamics and it features a detailed presentation of reaction cross-sections and their relation to a quasi-classical as well as a quantum mechanical description of the reaction dynamics on a potential energy surface. Direct approaches to the calculation of the rate constant that bypasses the detailed state-to-state reaction cross-sections are presented, including transition-state theory, which plays an important role in practice. The second part gives a comprehensive discussion of basic theories of reaction dynamics in condensed phases, including Kramers and Grote–Hynes theory for dynamical solvent effects. Examples and end-of-chapter problems are included in order to illustrate the theory and its connection to chemical problems. The book has ten appendices with useful details, for example, on adiabatic and non-adiabatic electron-nuclear dynamics, statistical mechanics including the Boltzmann distribution, quantum mechanics, stochastic dynamics and various coordinate transformations including normal-mode and Jacobi coordinates.
Bimolecular Reactions, Dynamics of Collisions
Authors: Henriksen Niels Engholm , Hansen Flemming Yssing
Published: November 2018

This chapter discusses the dynamics of bimolecular collisions within the framework of (quasi-)classical mechanics as well as quantum mechanics. The relation between the cross-section and the reaction probability, which can be calculated theoretically from a (quasi-)classical or quantum mechanical description of the collision, is described in terms of classical trajectories and wave packets, respectively. As an introduction to reactive scattering, classical two-body scattering is described and used to formulate simple models for chemical reactions, based on reasonable assumptions for the reaction probability. Three-body (and many-body) quasi-classical scattering is formulated and the numerical evaluation of the reaction probability is described. The relation between scattering angles and differential cross-sections in various frames is emphasized. The chapter concludes with a brief description of non-adiabatic dynamics, that is, situations beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation where more than one electronic state is in play. A discussion of the so-called Landau–Zener model is included.
Rate Constants, Reactive Flux
Authors: Henriksen Niels Engholm , Hansen Flemming Yssing
Published: November 2018

This chapter discusses a direct approach to the calculation of the rate constant k(T) that bypasses the detailed state-to-state reaction cross-sections. The method is based on the calculation of the reactive flux across a dividing surface on the potential energy surface. Versions based on classical as well as quantum mechanics are described. The classical version and its relation to Wigner’s variational theorem and recrossings of the dividing surface is discussed. Neglecting recrossings, an approximate result based on the calculation of the classical one-way flux from reactants to products is considered. Recrossings can subsequently be included via a transmission coefficient. An alternative exact expression is formulated based on a canonical average of the flux time-correlation function. It concludes with the quantum mechanical definition of the flux operator and the derivation of a relation between the rate constant and a flux correlation function.
Unimolecular Reactions
Authors: Henriksen Niels Engholm , Hansen Flemming Yssing
Published: November 2018

This chapter considers unimolecular reactions; photo-induced reactions, that is, true unimolecular reactions; and reactions initiated by collisional activation, that is, apparent unimolecular reactions where it is assumed that the time scales for activation and subsequent reaction are well separated. Elements of classical and quantum dynamical descriptions are discussed, including Slater theory and the quantum mechanical description of photo-induced reactions. Statistical theories aiming at the calculation of micro-canonical as well as canonical rate constants are discussed, including a detailed discussion of RRKM theory. It concludes with a discussion of femtochemistry, that is, the observation and control of chemical dynamics using femtosecond pulses of electromagnetic radiation, focusing on the control of unimolecular reactions via the interaction with coherent light; that is, laser control.
Social Progress in Britain
Authors: Heath Anthony F. , Garratt Elizabeth , Kashyap Ridhi , Li Yaojun , Richards Lindsay
Published: November 2018

Social Progress in Britain examines how much progress has made in the years since Sir William Beveridge described the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. The book has chapters examining the progress which Britain has made in improving material prosperity and tackling poverty; in extending length of life and tackling disease; in raising participation in education and improving educational standards; in tackling the scourge of unemployment, especially youth unemployment; and in providing better-quality housing and tackling overcrowding. In addition to Beveridge’s five giants, the book also explores inequalities of opportunity (focussing on inequalities between social classes, men and women, and ethnic groups), and the changing nature of social divisions and social cohesion in Britain. Throughout, the chapters put British progress into perspective by drawing comparisons with progress made in other large developed democracies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the USA. As well as looking at the average level of prosperity, life expectancy, education, and housing, the book examines the extent of inequality around the average and pays particular attention to whether the most disadvantaged sections of society have shared in progress or have fallen behind. It concludes with an assessment of the effect of policy interventions such as Margaret Thatcher’s free market reforms of the 1980s on different aspects of social progress.
Beveridge’s Five Giants and Other Challenges to Social Progress
Authors: Heath Anthony F. , Garratt Elisabeth , Kashyap Ridhi , Li Yaojun , Richards Lindsay
Published: November 2018

In his landmark 1942 report on the reform of social insurance Sir William Beveridge talked about the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. This introductory chapter sets out the aims of the book, namely to measure how much progress Britain has made in tackling these five giants in the decades since Beveridge wrote, and how Britain’s social progress compares with that of peer countries such as France and Germany. Has Britain’s increased inequality been mirrored in other domains such as health, education, and housing? Have inequalities of opportunity between social classes, men and women, and different ethnic groups increased? And what have been the implications for Britain’s sense of social cohesion?
What is Value Fulfillment?
Authors: Tiberius Valerie
Published: November 2018

We have a rough understanding of what it means for a value to be fulfilled—we attain a goal, cultivate a relationship, inhabit a way of being, uphold an ideal, and so on. This chapter explains how this rough idea of fulfillment should be filled out and how we can use it to think about improving overall value fulfillment. Values bring with them various standards of success and living up to these standards is the essence of value fulfillment. Revising our standards (or sometimes our values themselves) can help us do better at fulfilling multiple values through changing circumstances. This chapter also considers the relationship between value fulfillment and virtue, and the problem of adaptive values (values that have adapted to serve others’ interests).
Missing and Missing Out
Authors: Dennison Susan M. , Besemer Kirsten L.
Published: November 2018

This chapter explores the concept of social exclusion and the ways that it can be used to frame discussions about the consequences of parental imprisonment for children. It reviews emerging findings that show that parental imprisonment may have fundamental impacts on intergenerational social exclusion. Next, the chapter draws on narratives of children with imprisoned fathers and their caregivers to illustrate how paternal imprisonment interrupts customary practices — living patterns and roles that a father might be expected to fulfil in contemporary family life. This chapter thus extends the discussion beyond the typical focus on economic and health indicators of social exclusion to consider children’s exclusion from daily social activities, proposing that these are essential for children’s identity formation and sense of inclusion and belonging. It argues that such direct experiences of social exclusion are fundamentally harmful to children’s long-term wellbeing and may mediate the lifelong disadvantage known to affect prisoners’ children.
Rights and Security in the Shadow of the Irish Prison
Authors: Donson Fiona , Parkes Aisling
Published: November 2018

This chapter explores the potential for adopting a children’s rights-based approach when dealing with issues relating to children impacted by parental incarceration in Ireland. It argues that the adoption of such an approach allows for the development of policies and services that are rooted in respect for justice and dignity. The extent to which children’s rights are understood by staff within the Irish Prison Service (IPS) is also explored, as well as the possibility of a more instrumental approach to family visits. The purpose is therefore to highlight the need for criminal justice agencies and policy makers to directly acknowledge the rights of children with a parent in prison and, in turn, for them to develop policies that uphold those fundamental rights independent of the rights and interests of their parents. In this way, the chapter explores the role of rights in relation to prisoners’ families.
Dante’s Influence on Virgil
Authors: Armstrong Richard H.
Published: November 2018

This chapter highlights one particular moment in translation theory that reveals Dante’s influence on the role of translation as reception in vernacular literatures. Armstrong focuses on the not widely known work of Enrique de Villena (1384–1434), whose translation can be seen as a transitional point between medieval and modern translational practices and as marking the beginning of a ‘vernacularization’ of translation, a process designed to make the translated text more accessible to the target audience. In analysing the Castilian Eneida of Villena, Armstrong reflects on the philological conscience of a translator faced with the daunting task of translating Virgil, as well as on the boundaries that separate text from paratext.
Love and War
Authors: Keith Alison
Published: November 2018

This chapter looks at English renditions of Aeneid 7, a book that has not traditionally been the subject of close study, as a counterweight to the heavy emphasis on Dido in the Aeneid. In place of the usual focus upon ?arms and the man?, Keith considers the relationship drawn by Virgil’s English translators between ‘arms’ and a ‘woman’, manifested in representations of Lavinia in Book 7. These representations further lead to understanding how the translators also shape Virgil’s narrative of the Italian War, beginning with Thomas Phaer’s 1558 translation and ending with those of Sarah Ruden (2008) and Patricia A. Johnston (2012).
The Passion of Dido
Authors: Braden Gordon
Published: November 2018

This chapter’s discussion of translations of Book 4 of the Aeneid spans sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English renditions of Virgil, when England and the English language were becoming prominent on the European and global scene. There is a consistent self-consciousness in this effort of using Virgil as a vehicle for translatio imperii, but also in the search for an English metre and idiom which could adequately convey the epic gravity of the ancient epic poetry. Braden shows that while most of the translations of this era usually serve as the background to the most prominent of them, that of Dryden, they nonetheless are important for understanding how translation practices developed at that time. Book 4, in which the hero’s imperial mission is most seriously threatened, provides a focus of discussion of some key passages that illuminate the literary tendencies of that time.
Translations of Virgil into Ancient Greek
Authors: Paschalis Michael
Published: November 2018

This chapter traces the two-thousand-year-old tradition of translating Virgil into ancient Greek. It examines verse translations composed in late antiquity (Oratio Constantini) and in the Renaissance (Scaliger and Heinsius) as well as translations from the period of the modern Greek Enlightenment (Voulgaris) down to nineteenth-century modern Greece (Philitas and Ioannou). Paschalis investigates the elements of continuity and change in relation to translation techniques, adaptation to the genre’s conventional dialect, metrical and verbal equivalences between the translations and the original, the kinds of audience to which translations are addressed, and the role of ideology in determining the character of the translations.
Farming for the Few
Authors: Marinčič Marko
Published: November 2018

The point of departure for this chapter is a little known work by Jožef Šubic, whose translation of Virgil’s Georgics, published in 1863, although largely unknown outside scholarly circles, nonetheless offers an important background to the Slovenian school of translation of Greek and Latin texts and of classics in general. Marinčič argues that this text, written in a hybrid metrical pattern, is by no means a literary masterpiece, but it is a groundbreaking work reflecting the contemporary debates concerning the use of classical metrical forms and implicitly opposing the Romantic ideology of agricultural self-sufficiency, which, in the course of the nineteenth century, resulted in a widespread prejudice against translation of world literature.
Reviving Virgil in Turkish
Authors: Öyken Ekin , Dürüsken Çiğdem
Published: November 2018

The Turkish reception of Virgil has a colourful history that started mainly during the decline of the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire in the late nineteenth century. This may seem typical of Virgil’s initial reception by a culture, usually European, that relates primarily to his perceived idealism. However, closer study of this first period alone, which relies largely on French scholarship, reveals that factors other than cultural politics are at play. Right after the 1897 politico-literary ‘classics debate’ over the need for a literary canon for the new Turkish culture and its most suitable source, Öyken and Dürüşken observe a focus on Virgil’s poetics rather than on the political value of his work. Similarly, the first complete translation of Virgil (through an intermediary translation in French), published in 1929 as one of the first books in the newly adopted Latin alphabet, represents the beginning of a new era in more than one sense.
‘Only a Poet Can Translate True Poetry’
Authors: Scafoglio Giampiero
Published: November 2018

This chapter’s exploration of Giacomo Leopardi’s translation of the Aeneid tackles one of the most debated dilemmas in translation practice: whether or not one has to be a poet in order to translate poetry. Having undertaken the daunting task of translating the Aeneid, Leopardi shows himself to be a good philologist and, at the same time, also comes into his own poetic vocation as his translation progresses. The result of his translation is an impressive achievement, Scafoglio argues, a work that combines literary faithfulness to the original with the rendering of the expressive musicality and elusive fascination of Virgilian verse in Italian.
Virgílio Brasileiro
Authors: Vasconcellos Paulo Sérgio de , Bolen Liza
Published: November 2018

This chapter deals with the translation of Virgil in Brazil in the nineteenth century, again taking this volume outside the European context. Specifically, the chapter analyses the intriguing nature of the complete poetic translation of Virgil’s work by Manuel Odorico Mendes, which still enjoys popularity among scholars in Brazil and exercised a direct influence on modern Brazilian literature. The chapter explores the level of identification between translator and author and the ways in which the translator tries to re-create in Portuguese poetic features and peculiar phrases he perceives in the Virgilian texts. Odorico Mendes aims to be faithful to the ‘audacity’ he sees in some Virgilian lines. The end of the chapter points out his own audacity, which is illuminated by a sound play on the name of Achilles that he introduces in his translation, defying the notion of translation itself.
Reflections on Two Verse Translations of the Eclogues in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Fabre-Serris Jacqueline , Bolen Liza , Braund Susanna
Published: November 2018

In the second half of 1950s, Virgil’s Eclogues were translated in verse by the poet Paul Valéry and by the playwright and novelist Marcel Pagnol. They were both accompanied by comments, which are a valuable testimony to the way in which their authors conceived and realized their project. Both authors drastically differed in their motivations, in their judgements about Virgil, his time, and his text, in their positions in regard to previous translators, and in their reflections on translation activity. This chapter offers a comparison between them, but also with Eugène de Saint-Denis, whose 1942 prose translation is here considered more successful.
Introduction
Authors: Marsh Clive
Published: November 2018

The Introduction sets the book in the context of Western cultural life, indicating where salvation and redemption language appears and demonstrating why the inquiry is necessary. It acknowledges the claim that contemporary usage may not be theological at all, but merely residual language. It asserts the theological importance of resisting such a claim. In so doing it sets the book’s agenda. It explains what will appear in each of the eight chapters and the Conclusion, mapping the dynamic and flow of the three parts of the book: from consideration of methodology through examination of cultural and artistic products to a contemporary exposition of the doctrine of salvation.
Happiness, Redemption, and Flourishing
Authors: Marsh Clive
Published: November 2018

This chapter positions the book’s theological exploration of salvation and redemption language in relation to contemporary preoccupations with happiness. It logs some of the ways in which happiness is being studied and promoted, and goes on to show how, at same time, references to redemption abound within Western culture. After a brief summary of some of the key points of the history of happiness as a concept in the West, it then explores the extent to which Christian theology has handled the topic recently. The convergence of discussions about salvation and happiness is seen to occur with respect to the concept of flourishing, which will therefore become a focal point of this work.
Salvation in Film and Television
Authors: Marsh Clive
Published: November 2018

This chapter shows how popular cultural products which are not explicitly theological interweave with the way in which theological concepts function within Western culture. Through examination of the film Crazy Heart, the chapter shows how the religious content of a film identified as being ‘about redemption’ is reduced when a book becomes a film, with consequences for how redemption as a concept may be understood in society. The television crime drama Breaking Bad is used to demonstrate Western society’s recognition of the persistence and mundanity of evil, and the need to face up to evil’s consequences. In this case, the absence of redemption is striking.
The embodiment of time: How interoception shapes the perception of time
Authors: Wittmann Marc , Meissner Karin
Published: November 2018

Within the framework of the embodiment of time, this chapter presents accumulating evidence of how interoception and associated brain networks process time. Functional MRI studies have shown that climbing neural activation in the posterior insular cortex correlates with stimulus duration in a time-estimation task in the multiple-second range. Given the close connection between the insular cortex and ascending body signals, the authors suggest that the accumulation of physiological changes in body states is the basis for the subjective impression of duration. Psychophysiological findings reveal linearly increasing cardiac periods and decreasing skin-conductance levels during duration-estimation tasks in the multiple-second range. Accordingly, the feeling for the passage of time at the present moment is based on the perception of the bodily self.
The cutaneous borders of interoception: Active and social inference of pain and pleasure on the skin
Authors: von Mohr Mariana , Fotopoulou Aikaterini
Published: November 2018

Pain and pleasant touch have been recently classified as interoceptive modalities. This reclassification lies at the heart of long-standing debates questioning whether these modalities should be defined as sensations on their basis of neurophysiological specificity at the periphery or as homeostatic emotions on the basis of top-down convergence and modulation at the spinal and brain levels. Here, we outline the literature on the peripheral and central neurophysiology of pain and pleasant touch. We next recast this literature within a recent Bayesian predictive coding framework, namely active inference. This recasting puts forward a unifying model of bottom-up and top-down determinants of pain and pleasant touch and the role of social factors in modulating the salience of peripheral signals reaching the brain.
Interoception and emotion: Shared mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Quadt Lisa , Critchley Hugo D. , Garfinkel Sarah N.
Published: November 2018

Internal states of bodily arousal contribute to emotional feeling states and behaviors. This chapter details the influence of interoceptive processing on emotion and describes how deficits in interoceptive ability may underpin aberrant emotional processes characteristic of clinical conditions. The representation and control of bodily physiology (e.g. heart rate and blood pressure) and the encoding of emotional experience and behavior share neural substrates within forebrain regions coupled to ascending neuromodulatory systems. This functional architecture provides a basis for dynamic embodiment of emotion. This chapter will approach the relationship between interoception and emotion within the interoceptive predictive processing framework and describe how emotional states could be the product of interoceptive prediction error minimization.
The relevance of interoception for eating behavior and eating disorders
Authors: Herbert Beate M. , Pollatos Olga
Published: November 2018

The importance of interoception for adaptive and maladaptive behavior, as well as for psychopathology, has gained growing interest, and dysfunctional interoception has been recognized as representing a core impairment across psychosomatic and psychiatric disorders. Eating is intrinsically guided by interoceptive signals and is directly associated with homeostatic psychophysiological needs, well-being, and survival. This chapter provides conceptually and empirically drawn conclusions focusing on the relevance of distinguishable dimensions of interoception for shaping eating behavior and body weight, and for eating disorders. Going beyond eating behavior per se, anorexia and bulimia nervosa are conceptualized as characterized by profound impairment of the self, with dysfunctional interoception at its core. Predictive coding models are addressed to integrate conclusions and empirical findings tentatively.
Climate Change and Economic Self-Interest
Authors: Nelson Julie A.
Published: November 2018

In directing the Paris climate summit in 2015, Christiana Figueres, the UN climate chief, explicitly appealed to each country’s economic self-interest in her efforts to bring them to an agreement. This chapter discusses the use of self-interest rhetoric in discussions of climate change mitigation and adaptation. An outgrowth of the widespread influence of mainstream economic teaching, such rhetoric unnecessarily narrows the bounds of discussion in favor of entrenched power and entrenched analytical biases. Ignoring the evidence about what actually motivates people and nations, it unhelpfully discourages discussions of ethics and of commitment.
The Self in and before God
Authors: Pattison George
Published: November 2018

Is the devout life a form of mysticism? Noting recent trends in the discussion of mysticism it is concluded that it is ‘mystical’ only if this is not confused with an experientially oriented spirituality or negative theology. Revisiting the relationship between will and affection, it is argued that the annihilation of the self opens the way for a spiritual life marked by dynamic movement and openness, in contrast to a claustrophobic self defined by volitional necessity. Although preferring silence, the devout authors believe devotion is set in motion by a divine call, but in post-Christian society, the motive power of basic life-choices is widely regarded as either ‘life’ or the internalized voices of society. How could a call from God be possible and how would one know it to be from God? These questions end Part 1 of the enquiry and set the stage for Part 2, The Rhetorics of the Word.