bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiographic findings in COVID-19: Comparison between AI and radiologist
Authors: Sukhija Arsh , Mahajan Mangal , Joshi Priscilla C , Dsouza John , Seth Nagesh DN , Patil Karamchand H
Published: January 2021

Context: As the burden of COVID-19 enhances, the need of a fast and reliable screening method is imperative. Chest radiographs plays a pivotal role in rapidly triaging the patients. Unfortunately, in low-resource settings, there is a scarcity of trained radiologists. Aim: This study evaluates and compares the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) system with a radiologist in detecting chest radiograph findings due to COVID-19. Subjects and Methods: The test set consisted of 457 CXR images of patients with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia over a period of three months. The radiographs were evaluated by a radiologist with experience of more than 13 years and by the AI system (NeuraCovid, a web application that pairs with the AI model COVID-NET). Performance of AI system and the radiologist were compared by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and generating a receiver operating characteristic curve. RT-PCR test results were used as the gold standard. Results: The radiologist obtained a sensitivity and specificity of 44.1% and 92.5%, respectively, whereas the AI had a sensitivity and specificity of 41.6% and 60%, respectively. The area under curve for correctly classifying CXR images as COVID-19 pneumonia was 0.48 for the AI system and 0.68 for the radiologist. The radiologist’s prediction was found to be superior to that of the AI with a P VALUE of 0.005. Conclusion: The specificity and sensitivity of detecting lung involvement in COVID-19, by the radiologist, was found to be superior to that by the AI system.
The value of AI based CT severity scoring system in triage of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia as regards oxygen requirement and place of admission
Authors: Kohli Anirudh , Jha Tanya , Pazhayattil Amal Babu
Published: January 2021

Context: CT scan is a quick and effective method to triage patients in the Covid-19 pandemic to prevent the heathcare facilities from getting overwhelmed. Aims: To find whether an initial HRCT chest can help triage patient by determining their oxygen requirement, place of treatment, laboratory parameters and risk of mortality and to compare 3 CT scoring systems (0-20, 0-25 and percentage of involved lung models) to find if one is a better predictor of prognosis than the other. Settings and Design: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a Tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, Patients undergoing CT scan were included by complete enumeration method. Methods and Material: Data collected included demographics, days from swab positivity to CT scan, comorbidities, place of treatment, laboratory parameters, oxygen requirement and mortality. We divided the patients into mild, moderate and severe based on 3 criteria - 20 point CT score (OS1), 25 point CT score (OS2) and opacity percentage (OP). CT scans were analysed using CT pneumonia analysis prototype software (Siemens Healthcare version 2.5.2, Erlangen, Germany). Statistical Analysis: ROC curve and Youden’s index were used to determine cut off points. Multinomial logistic regression used to study the relations with oxygen requirement and place of admission. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was done to test the goodness of fit of our models. Results: A total of 740 patients were included in our study. All the 3 scoring systems showed a significant positive correlation with oxygen requirement, place of admission and death. Based on ROC analysis a score of 4 for OS1, 9 for OS2 and 12.7% for OP was determined as the cut off for oxygen requirement. Conclusions: CT severity scoring using an automated deep learning software programme is a boon for determining oxygen requirement and triage. As the score increases, the chances of requirement of higher oxygen and intubation increase. All the three scoring systems are predictive of oxygen requirement.
Primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of stomach—report of a very rare case
Authors: Hajong Ranendra , Newme Kewithinwangbo , Khongwar Donkupar
Published: January 2021

Primary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a very rare tumor arising from stomach and it closely mimics gastric GIST. It usually affects the lung and found in children and young patients. The diagnosis of gastric IMT is usually done post-operatively by immunohistochemistry examination where it is seen that IMT is positive to SMA and vimentin. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice and local recurrence is usually seen in incompletely resected cases.
Effectiveness on knowledge about computer vision syndrome among medical coding trainee in medical coding training institute in urban Chennai, Tamil Nadu – A cross- sectional study
Authors: Mohan Kumar Buvnesh K. , Thiruvalluvan Gopinath T. , Arjunan Mithun K.
Published: January 2021

Context:

Electronic devices, laptops, tablets, ipad and smart phones are an integral part of one's life both in work and personal space. Excessive usage of these devices had led to health-related problems of which computer vision syndrome (CVS) is at risk of becoming a major public health issue.

Aims:

Our study aimed to assess the pre-test and post-test level of knowledge regarding CVS among the medical coding trainees and also to determine the effectiveness (Video Teaching Programme) of knowledge about the CVS among them.

Methods and Material:

After obtaining ethical committee clearance using universal sampling method 480 medical coding trainees working in a firm was included in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to interview and a video teaching programme was given between the pre and post-test sessions for about 45 minutes regarding the effects of Computer Vision Syndrome.

Results:

The level of knowledge about CVS among medical coding trainees in the pre-test and post-test was 280 (58.3%) and 8 (1.7%) had inadequate knowledge, respectively. With regards to adequate level of knowledge 24 (3%) and 328 (68.3%) had in pre-test and post-test phase, respectively. The comparison of knowledge shows a very good improvement among the medical coding trainees which was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

The study highlights health education as an important factor in increasing the knowledge. From a primary care point of view, knowledge regarding CVS helps in differentiating and addressing the ocular symptoms, headache and shoulder pain symptoms of other aetiology if history is elicited properly.
“Silent sufferers
Authors: Rawat Shalini , Bhate Kamaxi , Yadav Ashwini
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Domestic violence against women is one of the most pervasive abuses of human rights in the world. Violence during pregnancy leads to both acute injuries and profound long-term challenges to health and wellbeing. Pregnancy provides a good opportunity for healthcare personal to screen women for domestic violence.

Aim:

To identify the pattern of domestic violence amongst pregnant women and to plan appropriate interventions.

Settings and Design:

This cross-sectional study was carried out at Primary Health Care Centre.

Methods and Material:

90 pregnant women attending the ANC OPD and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Percentages were calculated and Chi-square test was used wherever applicable.

Results:

Violence was mostly seen in the women who were married for five years (47.36%) and many among them experienced it within one year of marriage (34.28%). The most common violence faced by the women was verbal violence (44.73%), followed by financial violence (27.63%). Physical violence was experienced by 22.36% women. The Perceived risk factor for violence was mostly addiction of spouse in 26.31% of women and insufficient dowry and demand for male child in 19.73%.

Conclusions:

As occurrence of violence was found to be significantly associated with duration of marriage, educational status, and earning status of women asking about intimate partner violence should be a part of routine antenatal care for early detection and identification of cases, their counseling, and appropriate interventions.
Hazardous use of alcohol among men in the tribal population of Jawadhi Hills, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rose Anuradha , Mohan Venkat Raghava , Vinodh Amala , David Sam Marconi , George Kuryan , Minz Shantidani , Prasad Jasmin Helan
Published: January 2021

Background:

Worldwide, hazardous use of alcohol is common among many cultures and societies and adversely impacts families and communities, with significant morbidity and mortality. Scheduled Tribes (STs) who are socially deprived and marginalised have higher rates of alcohol use.

Aim:

We attempted to determine the nature, prevalence, and risk factors associated with hazardous consumption of alcohol in the tribal community.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among adult male and permanent residents of Jawadhi hills. A total of 1200 men were interviewed. Study participants were chosen by Probability Proportionate to Size (PPS) sampling method. The questionnaire that documented socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of alcohol use was used. AUDIT tool was used to assess the hazardous use of Alcohol. Data were analysed using SPSS.

Results:

Majority of the men were middle-aged, married, and were from lower socio-economic strata. A large proportion of men (65%) had a history of alcohol consumption in the last one year using one-year, of whom a quarter showed hazardous use (29%) and another quarter exhibited alcohol dependency (24%). Tobacco use, higher income and local alcohol production were found to be significant risk factors for Hazardous alcohol use.

Conclusion:

Alcohol consumption needs to be treated as a social problem and has to be tackled at the policy level. Population-based interventions, legislation, taxation, policies regarding the manufacture and sale of alcohol, are some of the ways to address this problem.
Lived experience of having type 2 diabetes
Authors: Alruwaili Mofreh A. F.
Published: January 2021

Background:

The study was aimed to explore the lived experience among patients with type-2 diabetes living in rural settings.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study design was used in this study.

Results:

First, the patients' reactions were a mixture of denial and shock regarding their diagnosis of diabetes. Second, they faced challenges of having debilitating disease. Third, all were Muslims, and their faith led them to accept their disease as their destiny from Allah. Fourth, they psychologically accepted the disease to gain the physical acceptance of their condition. Finally, the participants demonstrated a degree of adaptation.

Conclusion:

The study findings suggested that type-2 diabetes is viewed as a matter of destiny. Although participants in the current study revealed natural feelings of shock and denial towards their illnesses in the early stages; however, they soon became more familiar with their disease and expressed a feeling of acceptance and adaptation, especially during Ramadan.
Effect of preoperative multimedia based video information on perioperative anxiety and hemodynamic stability in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia
Authors: Rajput Sachin K. , Tiwari Tanmay , Chaudhary Ajay K.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims:

Pre-anesthesia checkup (PAC) gives unique opportunity for providing necessary information, patient education and allaying anxiety. Our objective was to measure the effect of preoperative multimedia video information (self made short video of 12 minutes) on patient's anxiety and hemodynamic parameters during surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Methods:

This prospective randomized study was conducted in 80 patients of either sex with ASA physical status I and II posted for lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patents were randomized to control or test group. At the end of preoperative visit, patients in test group watched the film and patient in control group did not watch any video. Verbal briefing by the attending anesthesiologist on the day of surgery was given to all patients of both the groups. Anxiety using Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and hemodynamic parameters (SBP, DBP and HR) at various time intervals (A1: Baseline, A2: post intervention, A3: just before surgery, A4: after surgery) were measured.

Results:

Baseline anxiety (A1) scores were severe in both the groups and showed no statistical significance (P = 0.436). Patients in test group (video) showed better/lower anxiety levels than the control group (non video) at A2 (P = 0.020) and A3 (P = 0.005) respectively, similarly hemodynamic parameters were better controlled and showed lesser deviation from baseline values in test group as compared to control group and showed statistical significant difference (P < 0.001) just before surgery.

Conclusion:

Combination of multimedia based video information at the time of PAC and short verbal briefing on the day of surgery by the attending anesthesiologist provides effective management of perioperative anxiety. It can be cost effective way of enhancing patient care and providing adequate information to people with reading and comprehension difficulties.
A three year Seroepidemiological and molecular study of Epstein –Barr virus infection among different age groups with hematological malignancies in a Tertiary care centre of North India ( 2017 -2019)
Authors: Patel Sangram Singh , Singh Sweta , Sahu Chinmoy , Ghoshal Ujjala , Verma Hemant
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the family Gamma Herpes viridae and is usually implicated in malignancies like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. The present study was designed with the aim to estimate the seroprevalence of EBV in people with hematological malignancies and further follow up was planned by viral load quantitation by Real time PCR in positive cases.

Methods:

The current study was planned for a period of three years and a total of 272 serum samples were tested from patients with hematological malignancies namely; HL, NHL, ALL, CLL. Serological testing was performed for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against EBV viral capsid antigen. Sera of the patients found positive for IgM was further subjected to viral DNA extraction and Real Time Quantitative PCR was performed by a commercial kit.

Results:

The overall seropositivity rate was 89.2% for EBV IgG antibodies and 56.1% for IgM antibodies. The seroprevalence for anti-EBV VCA IgM was found to be highest in the age group <10 years (34.8%) and 11–22 years (20.4%). Of the 109 EBV positive strains by PCR, 27.3% were HL, 35.2% NHL, 24.3% ALL and 13.7% were CLL. The mean viral load was 68.7 × 107 copies/ml DNA.

Conclusion:

Our study showed a higher seroprevalence and a definite causal relationship of EBV in lymphoma patients. Young adults showed a higher risk of hematological malignancies as compared to elder population. This study can prove to be an essential guide and aid to the primary care physicians in identifying the possible risk factors and seroprevalence in various age groups of EBV malignancy patients for their proper follow up and referral to higher speciality centres.
Comparing pattern of musculoskeletal injuries prior to and during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Dahuja Anshul , Bansal Kapil , Gupta Nikhil , Arora Sagar , Garg Radhe Shyam , Gupta Mamta
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims:

In the COVID-19 times, Indian sub-continent is struggling to contain the epidemic and trying to strengthen the existing health infrastructure, the national level lockdown has raised concerns about the pattern of injuries whether it has remained the same or has changed over this period. This is the first study to compare injury pattern during the two months lockdown period with the data of corresponding months from years 2016-2020. Also we compared the age- and sex-wise distribution patterns of these injuries for the above mentioned period.

Methods:

This retrospective cross sectional study was conducted by the Department of Orthopaedics in Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital (GGSMCH) in Faridkot, Punjab. Secondary data for patient's age and sex, mode of injury, and site of injury was collected through record review for the period of two months (24th March to 24th May) for five consecutive years of 2016-2020. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square test was used to see the association between age and sex with mode and type of injury.

Results:

The five year injury trends reflected that the proportion of injuries in 2016 was 16.5% (n = 48) of the total musculoskeletal injuries (n = 291) which rose to 23.4% (n = 68) in 2020. Majority of the patients were males (80%), and belonged to adult age group (69.4%) followed by elderly (17.2%), adolescents (8.6%) and children (4.8%). The proportion of road traffic accidents out of all injuries significantly reduced during the lock down period of two months in 2020 (p = 0.001). On the contrary, the proportion of injuries due to falls as well as unspecified assault increased significantly in 2020 as compared to previous years.

Conclusions:

The proportion of musculoskeletal injuries have increased from 2016-2020. Unspecified assault and all types of falls pushed the road traffic accidents to third position during the lockdown period in 2020 as compared to previous four years. Injury surveillance needs to be integrated in routine hospital system for precise information and for more efficient functioning.
Awareness to consequences of teeth missing and prosthodontics treatment options among people of Aseer region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshehri Mohammed D. , Alqahtani Wafa M. , Asiri Eman M. , Asiri Maha N.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Good teeth play a significant role in keeping a healthy personality and a decent quality of life. Loss of tooth is listed among the top hundred health condition affecting the world population, resulting not only in aesthetic and functional damage but also has negative social impact thus affecting the overall quality of life. It has been estimated to cause 7.6 million disability adjusted life years (DALY). Tooth loss has negative consequences on oral health as it may cause drifting of adjacent teeth or over eruption of opposing teeth, further loss of adjacent tooth and temporomandibular diseases (TMDs).

Methods:

This cross sectional study was performed in the clinics of Aseer Dental Centre and King Khalid University during the period from February 2020 to April 2020. In the current study, we kept a 95% level of confidence, precision error of 5%, and we anticipated the awareness among targeted population to be 85%. The sample size for our study was 200. Patients attending the Prosthodontic department for any dental consultation with a prosthetically unrestored partial edentulous areas in oral cavity were the target population.

Results:

Out of total 200 patients 50% of them were male while 50% of them were female. Mean Age ± S.D = 57.8 ± 22.5. We have observed that demographical variables have significant relationship regarding teeth awareness and treatment.

Conclusion:

Although tooth loss has a high prevalence, the common causes found were dental caries and loosing of teeth. As both these conditions can be prevented, repeated awareness campaign should be carried out in order to increase the awareness regarding oral hygiene..
Bukuryoingohangekobokuto may improve recurrent aspiration pneumonia in patients with brain damage and reduce the caregiver burden
Authors: Takayama Shin , Arita Ryutaro , Kikuchi Akiko , Ishii Tadashi
Published: January 2021

A 17-year-old girl with hypoxic encephalopathy was hospitalized over four times in a year because of recurrent aspiration pneumonia (AP). She had dysphagia and reduced cough reflex as sequelae of brain damage. To prevent aspiration, a gastric tube was placed for feeding, but it did not reduce the frequency of AP because the gastroesophageal reflux caused backflow. However, after the Kampo medicine bukuryoingohangekobokuto (BRIHK) was added to the prescriptions, her sputum and gastroesophageal reflux was remarkably reduced. BRIHK is a Kampo medicine that confers multiple benefits such as improving swallowing and cough reflexes, reducing sputum, and improving gastric emptying. Subsequently, the frequency of sputum suction reduced from every 15 min to 30 min, thus reducing the burden on her mother. As a result, she has never been hospitalized for AP in the 7 years after treatment. Overall, BRIHK may be a treatment of choice for similar patients.
Attitudes, beliefs, and self-use of Kabasura Kudineer among urban and rural population in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Bala Dharani
Published: January 2021

Context:

During an earlier outbreak of dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and swine flu in Tamil Nadu, India, Kabasura Kudineer and Nilavembu Kudineer were used to control the febrile episodes. No research is conducted in the past to understand the attitude and beliefs of people towards using Kabasura Kudineer as a means to improve immunity in people, especially in Tamil Nadu, the birthplace of Siddha medicine which led the researcher to conduct the study.

Aims:

The researcher in the present paper aims to understand the attitude, belief and self-use of Kabasura Kudineer among people in Tamil Nadu, India.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among various people in Tamilnadu, India wherein data was collected from 200 participants.

Methods and Material:

A cross-sectional study involving explanatory/descriptive research design was considered for the study.

Statistical Analysis Used:

For the analysis of collected data statistical package for SPSS software version 25.0 was used.

Results:

The urban participants who participated in the study were 80.5% and the rural participants were 19.5%. The significant P value (0.002) indicated that people use kabasura kudineer because allopathic medicine is less effective medicine and the significant P value (0.001) shows that kabasura kudineer is taken as a self-medication among Tamil Nadu people.

Conclusions:

The findings of the study revealed the better empowerment of people in the select region towards the use of Kabasura Kudineer.
Screening for the risk of diabetes among people aged 31 to 40 years using Indian' diabetic risk score among people attending medicine out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Chennai
Authors: Muthuvelraj Subhashree Bangaru , Maiya G Rakesh
Published: January 2021

Context:

With an estimated 8.7% of the diabetic population in the 20 and 70 age group, diabetes is a rising problem in India. It is important to screen for diabetes, so that the incidence of diabetes and its complications can be controlled. IDRS is a simple method useful for diabetes risk screening.

Aim:

To assess the risk of diabetes among people aged 31–40 years and to estimate the proportion of participants at high risk for developing diabetes.

Setting and Design:

Cross-sectional study done among the people attending medicine out-patient department of a tertiary care Hospital in Chennai.

Methods:

This study was conducted among 318 participants aged 31 to 40 years. Convenient sampling method was used. IDRS questionnaire was used to assess the risk of diabetes.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data was entered in excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 16, statistical analysis will be done using Chi square test.

Results:

According to IDRS, 35.2% (112) had high risk for developing diabetes, 55% (175) had moderate risk and 9.7% (31) had low risk for developing diabetes. Those subjects with family history of diabetes, increased waist circumference and increased age were found to be associated with higher risk of developing diabetes.

Conclusion:

In this study, majority of the participants had moderate risk (55%) and high risk (35.2%) of developing diabetes. Thus, it is necessary to bring more awareness among the people and initiation of lifestyle changes to delay the onset of diabetes and its complications.
Quality of life and depression among diabetic patients attending the lifestyle clinic of a teaching hospital, West Bengal
Authors: Basu Gandhari , Nandi Dipanjan , Biswas Sujata , Roy Suman Kumar
Published: January 2021

Context:

The coexistence of diabetes and depression has resulted in poor quality of life. Reported literature suggested the need for research for assessing the correlates of both quality of life along with depression in diabetic persons.

Aims:

To assess the quality of life (QOL), the prevalence of depression and associated factors in diabetic patients attending the lifestyle clinic of a tertiary healthcare facility in Eastern India.

Settings and Design:

This hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional research recruited 219 patients with diabetes to assess the QOL and depression in the lifestyle clinic of a tertiary healthcare facility.

Methods and Materials:

The quality of life was assessed with the help of the World Health Organization (WHO) QOL BREF instrument. Depression was determined by a standardized Patient Health Questionnaire - 9(PHQ-9). The sociodemographic and diabetes-related information were collected by a semistructured questionnaire. Clinical and anthropometric examinations were conducted.

Statistical Analysis Used:

All the available data were initially coded and then analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 licensed software.

Results:

The participants had a median age of 54 years. Illiteracy was significantly more among females. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity. Gender-wise difference in mean of weight, height, hip circumference, and QOL score in the psychosocial domain was significant. The mean QOL score was least in the social domain and highest in the environmental domain. Literate patients had a statistically significantly better QOL. Depression was observed significantly more in females, illiterates, and unemployed respondents.

Conclusions:

Diabetic women with lesser literacy have an increased risk of poor QOL. Women, illiterates, and the unemployed suffered more from depression. Therefore, a target-specific, routine, and well-planned clinic approach is needed to improve the QOL and mental health of respondents.
Predictors of mortality and the need of mechanical ventilation in confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department in North India
Authors: Suresh Soorya , Tiwari Atul , Mathew Roshan , Bhaskararayuni Jyothiswaroop , Sahu Ankit Kumar , Aggarwal Praveen , Murmu L.R. , Bhoi Sanjeev , Nayer Jamshed , Ekka Meera , Kumar Akshay , Mishra Prakash , Sinha Tej Prakash
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives:

As the number of COVID-19 cases keeps on rising, a better awareness of the nature and severity of the disease will aid in clinical decision-making and management. Hence, this study was conducted to find the predictors of mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

This was a single centre, prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care centre in north India. We included patients with influenza like illness who tested positive for COVID-19. Information regarding patient demography, symptoms, and vital signs on presentation, laboratory values, chest imaging findings, and disease severity was collected by the emergency physician. QSOFA score and National early warning score (NEWS) score were calculated using initial vital signs. Each patient was followed up till discharge or death.

Results:

We included 116 COVID-19 patients with 33 patients having mild, 46 patients with severe and 37 patients with critical disease. The median age of our patients was 47 years (39–59) with 63% males. About 58% of patients had at least one comorbidity and shortness of breath was the most common presenting feature. The patients with severe and critical disease had a significantly higher respiratory rate and heart rate as compared to mild disease (p < 0.05). SpO2 of those with critical disease was significantly lower as compared to those with mild disease. Mechanical ventilation was required in around 36% of patients which included 67% of patients with critical disease. The overall mortality was 51% with 90% among critical disease. Lower SpO2 and GCS were the only parameters that showed a significant association with mortality and need for mechanical ventilation. The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed NEWS score as a better predictor of mortality and need for mechanical ventilation as compared to qSOFA score.

Conclusion:

NEWS and qSOFA scores are useful tools in predicting fatal outcomes in COVID patients with NEWS score being a better score than qSOFA.
An immune-centric investigation of Coronavirus in the women with cancers; A review article
Authors: Yousefi Sharami Seyedeh Reyhaneh , Yousefnezhad Azadeh , Nokhostin Fahimeh
Published: January 2021

Cancer is one of the growing chronic diseases in the world that kills large numbers of people every year. The disease affects the human immune system. The function of the body's organs under the influence of this disease loses its main function. Studies have shown that people with cancer are at higher risk of dying from Coronavirus. Because of the outbreak, wide clinical spectrum, pathogenesis of infection in Coronavirus, recognition and evaluation of this virus in populations with a risk factor for cancer is important. Many women develop chronic diseases such as cancer throughout their lives. Examining and recognizing Coronavirus in the women with cancer can increase our awareness of the disease. In this article, considering Coronavirus, we discuss the function of the immune system in cancer and corona, the concepts related to the topic, and the known solutions with an emphasis on cancer.
Автоморфизмы дистанционно регулярного графа
с массивом пересечений $\{21,18,12,4;1,1,6,21\}$
Authors: Makhnev Aleksandr Alekseevich
Published: January 2021

А. А. Махнев и М. С. Нирова нашли массивы пересечений
дистанционно регулярных графов с $\lambda=2$ и числом
вершин, не большим 4096. Для графов диаметра $4$ наиболее
интересен массив $\{21,18,12,4;1,1,6,21\}$ из этого списка.
В данной работе найдены возможные порядки и подграфы
неподвижных точек автоморфизмов дистанционно регулярного
графа с массивом пересечений $\{21,18,12,4;1,1,6,21\}$.
Библиография: 5 названий.
О существовании решений второй краевой задачи
для $p$-лапласиана на римановых многообразиях
Authors: Brovkin Vadim Vadimovich , Kon'kov Andrej Alexandrovich
Published: January 2021

Получены необходимые и достаточные условия существования
решений краевой задачи
$$
\Delta_p u=f\quadна\quad M,\qquad
|\nabla u|^{p-2}
\frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}|_{\partial M}=h,
$$
где $p > 1$ - некоторое вещественное число,
$M$ - связное ориентированное полное риманово многообразие
с краем и $\nu$ - вектор внешней нормали к $\partial M$.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Об оптимизации налоговых функций
Authors: Bogachev Tikhon Vladimirovich , Popova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: January 2021

Рассматривается задача максимизации интегрального функционала
на пространстве возрастающих функций, мотивированная
экономическими соображениями оптимизации налоговой системы.
Получено аналитическое описание оптимального значения,
а также метод аппроксимации для нахождения решения.
Библиография: 9 названий.
Biodiversity of fauna and heavy metal assessment in selected areas of University of Lagos Akoka Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Osuala F.I. , Abiodun O.A. , Oyeleke B.G. , Humphrey O.F.
Published: January 2021

The biodiversity of terrestrial fauna and assessment of some heavy metals - cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) concentrations in soil samples were investigated in selected areas of the University of Lagos Akoka campus. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for heavy metals analysis and biodiversity index was calculated with Margalef, Shanon- Weiner and Simpson index. On the basis of the Shanon- Weiner index, Zoological garden had the highest species richness (2.75) while High-Rise (1.71) had the lowest species diversity. On the basis of the Simpson index (1-D), Faculty of Science had the highest species diversity (0.95) while High-Rise had the lowest diversity (0.75). Formicidae (21.60%), Gecarcinidae (13.77%) and Libellulidae (13.51%) were the families with the highest relative abundance in theUniversity of Lagos while Cercopithecidae (0.26%), Elapidae (0.34%) and Gryllidae (0.34%) were the families with least relative abundance. The result of the soil texture (particle size) of the various sampled zones indicated that sand is the dominant component with a mix of loam. Heavy metal mean concentrations of the soil samples from the University of Lagos indicated the presence of Pb (0.17 - 29.67 mg/kg), Ni (0.59 - 6.63 mg/kg), Mn(72.72 - 398.63 mg/kg), Cr (0.01 - 16.23 mg/kg), Cd (0.20 - 0.87 mg/kg) and Co (0.17 – 6.52 mg/kg). All heavy metals detected were below Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) and European Union (EU) permissible limit for heavy metals in soils except Mn. Though, Mn is biologically important with low toxicity, there is need for consistent monitoring of the heavy metals so as not to pose a threat to the biodiversity of the study area.

Keywords: Biodiversity, Heavy metals, Diversity indices, University of Lagos
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through consumption of some popular soft drink products in Nigeria
Authors: Oyekunle J.A.O. , Afolabi F.P. , Okewale F.O. , Adekunle A.S. , Adenuga A.A. , Adeleye A.O. , Ogunfowokan A.O. , Fagbemi J.O.
Published: January 2021

In this study, levels and types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the commonly consumed soft drink products in  Nigeria. This was done to assess the possible human health risks associated with the long-term regular consumption of the soft drink products. Two batches of twelve samples of differently packaged soft drink products were obtained from Ile-Ife, Osun Sate, Nigeria. The PAHs were extracted by Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method using n-hexane as the extracting solvent, while the cleaned-up samples were analysed for their PAHs content using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results obtained from the study indicated that seventeen PAHs could be detected from the soft drink samples at levels (μg/mL) that varied diversely among the soft drink samples. Pyrene had the highest level of prevalence while 2-methyl naphthalene had the lowest level of prevalence; it was present in only one sample. Levels of SPAHs were lowest in sample B while the least levels of SPAHs were found in sample F. The result indicated that B had a higher potential for carcinogenic risks from consumptionthan the other soft drink samples. The observed values of estimated Dietary Daily Intake (DDI) for the total PAHs and carcinogenic toxic equivalents (TEQ) in sample B were the highest indicating that there could be a higher risk of exposure and carcinogenic human health risk from regular consumption of B in preference to the other soft drink products.

Key words: Soft drinks, Consumption, Health risks, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Nigeria
Gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated duck (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) in Chandragiri municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha D. , Subedi J.R. , Chhetri B.
Published: January 2021

Intestinal parasitosis is one of the chief causes of health problems associated with domesticated and free-range ducks particularly in developing  countries. Among the various health problems amoebiasis and helminthic infection are still significant among ducks (Anas platyrhynchos Linnaeus, 1758) in Nepal. We report the status of intestinal parasitosis, particularly the prevalence and associated risk factors of gastrointestinal parasites of ducks reared in three different locations (Bishnu-Devi, Kanchan-Basti and Balambu) of Chandragiri Municipality from November 2016 to February 2017 using opportunistic random method. A total of 120 faecal samples collected in clean, dry and screw-capped plastic containers from six different locations were examined for the presence of parasites using formol-ether concentration method and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining technique, sodium chloride floatation and zinc sulphate sedimentation methods. Overall parasite positive rate was 81.67% (98/120). Positive rate of nematodes was highest (74.49%; 73/98) followed by cestodes (52.04%; 51/9) and protozoans (41.84%; 41/98) (P<0.05). A total of 78 (65.00%) samples showed single infections and 20 (16.67%) samples showed mixed infection (χ2 = 5.55; P<0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that locations were insignificantly associated with the infection by gastrointestinal tract parasites in the study areas. A total of eight (8) genera of parasites were identified which include two genera of protozoa, five genera of nematodes and one genera of cestodes. Of these, Ascaridia galli (21.67%) was found to have the highest prevalence and Isospora sp. (6.67%) to be the lowest. Gastrointestinal tract parasites were the major biological constraints contributing tothe low productivity of ducks and hampered the economic benefits obtained from the sector. Improvement of biosecurity measures for household duck farms through educating and motivating household farmers could help mitigate the effects of parasitic infection on production.

Keywords: Duck, Nematode, Cestode, Kathmandu, Chandragiri
Morphological and molecular studies of three species of Boerhavia L. from Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Authors: Azeez S.O. , Matthew J.O. , Olaoluwa E.A. , Adegboyega G.B. , Akinyoola I.O.
Published: January 2021

A wide range of plasticity and polymorphism have been documented in the genus Boerhavia. More so, the possible presence of natural hybrids  among the species of the genus has made species identification more difficult. This study employed morphological characters, pollen parameters as well as Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to identify and elucidate the phylogenetic relationship that exists among the three species of Boerhavia distributed in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative morphological characters were observed and measured respectively. The acetolysis of the pollen grains was carried out according to Erdtman method. Fresh and young leaves of the Boerhavia species studied were  collected for genomic DNA extraction using modified Dellarpota procedure. The quality and concentration of DNA was assessed by gel electrophoresis on 2% agarose with known concentrations of undigested lambda DNA. Subsequently, the DNA quantification was done according to standard measurement. The Principal Components Analysis of the morphological traits and the pollen grain studies indicated that the three Boerhavia species studied have a very high level of relationship. However, the Single Linkage Cluster Analysis of the morphological data and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis of RAPD data revealed that B. erecta is distantly related to B. coccinea and B. diffusa. Despite the fact that the three Boerhavia species studied possess high level of similarity, they can still be distinguished from each other. In conclusion, B. coccinea and B. diffusa are more closely related to each other than B. erecta.

Key words: RAPD marker, Pollen grains, Phylogenetic relationship, Polymorphism
Advanced Introduction to Law and Literature
Authors:   Professor of Law and Director of the Program in Law and Humanities, Cardozo School of Law, New York, US and Visiting Professor, School of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Goodrich Peter
Published: January 2021

Peter Goodrich presents a unique introduction to the concept of jurisliterature. Highlighting how lawyers have been extraordinarily productive of literary, artistic and political works, Goodrich explores the diversity and imagination of the law and literature tradition. Jurisliterature, he argues, is the source of legal invention and the sign of novelty in judgments.
ESTIMATION OF BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN THE HAU MY BAC B COMMUNE, CAI BE DISTRICT, TIEN GIANG PROVINCE
Authors: HÙNG ANH LÊ , ĐẶNG THANH TRÚC NGUYỄN , THỊ THU THẢO NGUYỄN
Published: January 2021

All field survey data is analyzed for a material flow considering biomass use in the Hau My Bac B Commune, Cai Be District, Tien Giang Province. The statistical results show that the amount of biomass is significantly produced by three sources: crop residues, livestock waste, and domestic waste from which the percentages of biomass were ultilized by 17%, 39%, and 5%, respectively. The amount of crop residues is also estimated at the highest volume in total plant biomass where straw with the high calorie value and low-cost should be utilized as bioenergy.
SOLUTIONS FOR PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF VALUE ENGINEERING IN THE VIETNAMESE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors: NGUYEN VIET THANH , KIM SOO-YONG , LUU VAN TRUONG
Published: January 2021

Nowadays, Value Engineering (VE) is being widely practiced in many countries around the world. However, its concepts and applications do not seem to be well embraced in the Vietnamese construction industry. This study aims to seek solutions for promoting the development of VE in the Vietnamese construction industry. Most of the previous studies gave solutions in deficiencies and lack of analysis. On the basis of literature review and interviews with experts during the pilot test of the study at the initial stage, fifteen solutions were identified. A questionnaire survey was then conducted to rate the effective degree of the fifteen solutions. This study revealed six most effective solutions that should be taken with first priorities to promote the VE development. Additionally, the factor analysis method was applied to investigate the correlation effects of the solutions, which resulted in four core factors representing the solutions, namely, positive interest from government and construction stakeholders; education about VE; presence of VE organizations in the construction industry; and interaction with the outside world. The findings of the study are expected to bring the most effective solutions to promote the development of VE in the Vietnamese construction industry.
RESEARCH AND PROPOSE MEASURES TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION OF LIVESTOCK WATER IN PLEIKU CITY, GIA LAI PROVINCE
Authors: ANH HUỲNH NGỌC , HÀ NGUYỄN THỊ THÁI , ĐIỆP NGUYỄN THỊ HOÀNG
Published: January 2021

Livestock is growing, bringing economic benefits to many livestock producers. Besides, Livestock activities also cause environmental pollution. So, The topic was carried out to evaluate the situation of animal husbandry environment in Pleiku city, to determine the level of contamination of animal wastes to the surface water and groundwater environment and propose management solutions, animal waste treatment, minimizing the impact on the environment. Topics were taken through water sampling, analysis to determine the level of pollution caused by livestock waste; Field surveys, consultation with livestock producers and managers to understand the current status of livestock production and the management oflocal staff. Using methods of collecting, analyzing, synthesizing data, documents and sociological surveys.The results are: Determine the current livestock environment in Pleiku City; Assess the level of environmental pollution caused by animal waste in Pleiku City; Give some solutions suit the local situationin the livestock wastewater treatment.
THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE ON TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BLACK GARLIC PRODUCED FROM PEELED CLOVES OF GARLICS
Authors: THI NGUYEN HOANG-YEN , TRAN GIA-BUU
Published: January 2021

Recently, using peeled cloves of garlics for produce black garlic has been investigated, but the effect of humidity and temperature on antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of black garlic produced from peeled cloves of garlic have not been studied yet. In this study, peeled cloves of garlics were fermented in a variety of temperatures (70oC, 75oC, 80oC, and 85oC), humidity (70%, 80%, and 90%), and aging time (6 days, 15 days, and 20 days), then total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of samples were analyzed. The data showed that humidity did not affect polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities of final products but affected antioxidants formation rate instead. Furthermore, temperature has noticeable impact on polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. At lower temperatures (70oC and 75oC), polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were gradually increased during the fermentation. On the contrary, polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of black garlics incubated at 80oC and 85oC rapidly increased at early stage, then they were stable or decrease during later stage. The optimal conditions (75oC, 90% relative humidity, and 15 days) to produce black garlic with high polyphenol concentration and antioxidant capacity is determined (8.07 ± 0.21 g GAE∙kg-1 DW and 82.21 ± 0.88%, respectively).
NGHIÊN CỨU TÁC ĐỘNG CHÍNH SÁCH TRÁCH NHIỆM XÃ HỘI ĐẾN THƯƠNG HIỆU CỦA DOANH NGHIỆP TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
Authors: VAN NGUYEN THI , PHU NGUYEN VAN , HOP MAI PHU
Published: January 2021

Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm phân tích sự tác động chính sách xã hội của doanh nghiệp đến thương hiệu của doanh nghiệp tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ đó xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng và trọng số của từng nhân tố, dùng làm cơ sở để nhóm tác giả đề xuất giải pháp nhằm nâng cao thương hiệu cho doanh nghiệp tại TPHCM. Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định tính và định lượng, nhóm tác giả tiến hành khảo sát 245 người với 26 biến quan sát nhằm mục đích xác định các nhân tố tác động đến thương hiệu của doanh nghiệp tại TPHCM. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có 05 nhân tố tác động như sau: trách nhiệm về kinh tế, trách nhiệm về pháp luật, trách nhiệm về đạo đức, trách nhiệm về từ thiện, và trách nhiệm về môi trường tác động tích cực đến thương hiệu của doanh nghiệp tại TPHCM.
É o queer tem pra hoje? - Entrevista com Berenice Bento
Authors: Padilha Felipe , Facioli Lara
Published: January 2021

É o queer tem pra hoje? Conversando sobre as potencialidades e apropriações da Teoria Queer ao Sul do EquadorEntrevista com Berenice BentoPor Felipe Padilha e Lara Facioli