bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geomorphology variables predict fish assemblages for forested and endorheic rivers of two continents
Authors: Shields Robert , Pyron Mark , Arsenault Emily R. , Thorp James H. , Minder Mario , Artz Caleb , Costello John , Otgonganbat Amarbat , Mendsaikhan Bud , Altangerel Solongo , Maasri Alain
Published: November 2021

Stream fishes are restricted to specific environments with appropriate habitats for feeding and reproduction. Interactions between streams and surrounding landscapes influence the availability and type of fish habitat, nutrient concentrations, suspended solids, and substrate composition. Valley width and gradient are geomorphological variables that influence the frequency and intensity that a stream interacts with the surrounding landscape. For example, in constrained valleys, canyon walls are steeply sloped and valleys are narrow, limiting the movement of water into riparian zones. Wide valleys have long, flat floodplains that are inundated with high discharge. We tested for differences in fish assemblages with geomorphology variation among stream sites. We selected rivers in similar forested and endorheic ecoregion types of the United States and Mongolia. Sites where we collected were defined as geomorphologically unique river segments (i.e., functional process zones; FPZs) using an automated ArcGIS‐based tool. This tool extracts geomorphic variables at the valley and catchment scales and uses them to cluster stream segments based on their similarity. We collected a representative fish sample from replicates of FPZs. Then, we used constrained ordinations to determine whether river geomorphology could predict fish assemblage variation. Our constrained ordination approach using geomorphology to predict fish assemblages resulted in significance using fish taxonomy and traits in several watersheds. The watersheds where constrained ordinations were not successful were next analyzed with unconstrained ordinations to examine patterns among fish taxonomy and traits with geomorphology variables. Common geomorphology variables as predictors for taxonomic fish assemblages were river gradient, valley width, and valley slope. Significant geomorphology predictors of functional traits were valley width‐to‐floor width ratio, elevation, gradient, and channel sinuosity. These results provide evidence that fish assemblages respond similarly and strongly to geomorphic variables on two continents.
Selection of a reference gene for studies on lipid‐related aquatic adaptations of toothed whales (Grampus griseus)
Authors: Senevirathna Jayan D. M. , Yonezawa Ryo , Saka Taiki , Igarashi Yoji , Funasaka Noriko , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Kinoshita Shigeharu , Asakawa Shuichi
Published: November 2021

Toothed whales are one group of marine mammals that has developed special adaptations, such as echolocation for predation, to successfully live in a dynamic aquatic environment. Their fat metabolism may differ from that of other mammals because toothed whales have acoustic fats. Gene expression in the metabolic pathways of animals can change with respect to their evolution and environment. A real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) is a reliable technique for studying the relative expressions of genes. However, since the accuracy of RT‐qPCR data is totally dependent on the reference gene, the selection of the reference gene is an essential step. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes (ZC3H10, FTL, LGALS1, RPL27, GAPDH, FTH1, DCN, TCTP, NDUS5, and UBIM) were initially tested for amplification efficiency using RT‐qPCR. After excluding DCN, the remaining nine genes, which are nearly 100% efficient, were selected for the gene stability analysis. Stable reference genes across eight different fat tissue, liver, and muscle samples from Grampus griseus were identified by four algorithms, which were provided in Genorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and Delta CT. Finally, a RefFinder comprehensive ranking was performed based on the stability values, and the nine genes were ranked as follows: LGALS1 > FTL > GAPDH > ZC3H10 > FTH1 > NDUS5 > TCTP > RPL27 > UBIM. The LGALS1 and FTL genes were identified as the most stable novel reference genes. The third‐ranked gene, GAPDH, is a well‐known housekeeping gene for mammals. Ultimately, we suggest the use of LGALS1 as a reliable novel reference gene for genomics studies on the lipid‐related aquatic adaptations of toothed whales.
A framework for sustainable management of ecosystem services and disservices in perennial grassland agroecosystems
Authors: Paudel Shishir , Cobb Adam B. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Spiegal Sheri , Boughton Raoul K. , Silveira Maria L. , Swain Hilary M. , Reuter Ryan , Goodman Laura E. , Steiner Jean L.
Published: November 2021

Increasing demand for agricultural products is driving grassland management intensification with subsequent impacts on ecosystem services and disservices. Key questions related to grassland production as well as environmental and social concerns must be addressed to ensure sustainability. We propose a unified perspective, addressing numerous trade‐offs and synergies between grassland ecosystem services and disservices, and considering an array of ecological and human consequences associated with history and ongoing shifts in management strategies. Much of our discussion utilizes evidence from humid grasslands; however, our examples and recommendations have global implications for the future of grassland management. We characterize four categories of ecosystem services and disservices (provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural) provided by perennial grasslands that are extensively managed (low or no input, never cultivated) or intensively managed (high‐input, cultivated). We explore a range of potential outcomes following transition from extensive to intensive agroecosystems around the globe. Additionally, we suggest specific research priorities to better evaluate ecosystem services and disservices across management intensities. Finally, we highlight potential benefits of landscape mosaics that include grasslands across a continuum of extensive to intensive strategies.
Heterogeneity across Neotropical aquatic environments affects prokaryotic and eukaryotic biodiversity based on environmental DNA
Authors: Härer Andreas , Ibrahim Anan , Torres‐Dowdall Julián , Meyer Axel
Published: November 2021

Characterizing biological communities and knowledge on the distribution of biodiversity allows the assessment of ecological quality. This provides valuable information for conservation biology and monitoring purposes. While obtaining such data has been challenging in the past, environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling represents a promising tool to describe biodiversity on a broad taxonomic scale. In this study, we provide the first broad‐scale biodiversity assessment for ten Neotropical water bodies in Nicaragua (a major river, two great lakes, and seven relatively young and small crater lakes) using eDNA sampling to determine how abiotic factors structure the distribution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic biodiversity across these environments. Further, we explored to what extent levels of biodiversity are associated across different taxonomic groups and environments. We found that prokaryotic and eukaryotic α‐diversity was consistently higher in the great lakes (i.e., Lakes Nicaragua and Managua) as well as in Río San Juan compared with the young and small crater lakes. Differences of prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities (β‐diversity) were significantly correlated, indicating that biological communities are similarly structured across environments. Accordingly, differences in salinity were correlated with prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, whereas differences in dissolved oxygen were only correlated with prokaryotic communities (β‐diversity). Yet, salinity and dissolved oxygen only affected prokaryotic α‐diversity, suggesting different effects of these two abiotic factors on biodiversity within aquatic environments. Moreover, α‐diversity of different phyla was positively correlated, although more strongly in prokaryotes, showing that biodiversity patterns are congruent across a broad range of lineages, particularly in prokaryotes.
Chronic kidney disease and risk of atrial fibrillation and heart failure in general population‐based cohorts: the BiomarCaRE project
Authors: Rehm Martin , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Iacoviello Licia , Costanzo Simona , Tunstall‐Pedoe Hugh , Fitton Catherine A. , Söderberg Stefan , Hultdin Johan , Salomaa Veikko , Jousilahti Pekka , Palosaari Tarja , Kuulasmaa Kari , Waldeyer Christoph , Schnabel Renate B. , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Koenig Wolfgang ,   BiomarCaRE Consortium
Published: November 2021

Aims

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a complicated relationship with the heart, leading to many adverse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between CKD and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) along with mortality as a competing risk in general population cohorts. We also included an assessment of baseline biomarkers of inflammation, myocardial injury, and left ventricular dysfunction with risk of AF and HF, respectively, to shed light on the potential underlying pathophysiology.

Methods and results

This study was conducted within the BiomarCaRE project using harmonized data from 12 European population‐based cohorts (n = 48 518 participants). Renal function was assessed by glomerular filtration rate estimated using the combined Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation with standardized serum creatinine (Cr) and non‐standardized serum cystatin C (CysC). Incidence of AF and HF respectively, during a median follow‐up of 8 years was recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for the incidence of AF and HF in CKD and the competing risk of mortality after adjustment for covariates. The mean age at baseline was 51.4 (standard deviation 12.1) years, 49% were men. Overall, 4.3% of subjects had CKD at baseline. The rate for AF was 3.8 per 1000 person‐years during follow‐up. The HR for AF in patients with CKD compared with patients without CKD was 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.54) after adjustment for covariates. The rate for incident HF was 4.1 per 1000 person‐years and the HR of CKD for HF was 1.71 (95% confidence interval 1.45–2.01. In subjects with CKD, N‐terminal‐pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) showed an association with AF, whereas NT‐proBNP and C‐reactive protein were associated with HF.

Conclusions

Chronic kidney disease is an independent risk factor for subsequent AF and is even more closely associated with HF. In these relatively young participants with CKD, NT‐proBNP was strongly associated with subsequent risk of AF. For HF, in addition, elevated levels of hs‐C‐reactive protein at baseline were related to incident events.
The prognostic value of heart rate at discharge in acute decompensation of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Bahouth Fadel , Elias Adi , Ghersin Itai , Khoury Emad , Bar Omer , Sholy Haitham , Khoury Johad , Azzam Zaher S.
Published: November 2021

Aims

The effect of elevated heart rate (HR) on morbidity and mortality is evident in chronic stable heart failure; data in this regard in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) setting are scarce. In this single‐centre study, we sought to address the prognostic value of HR and beta‐blocker dosage at discharge on all‐cause mortality among patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction and ADHF.

Methods and results

In this retrospective observational study, 2945 patients were admitted for the first time with the primary diagnosis of ADHF between January 2008 and February 2018. Patients were divided by resting HR at discharge into three groups (HR < 70 b.p.m., HR 70–90 b.p.m., and HR > 90 b.p.m.). Evidence‐based beta‐blockers were defined as metoprolol, bisoprolol, and carvedilol. The doses of prescribed beta‐blockers were calculated into a percentage target dose of each beta‐blocker and divided to four quartiles: 0 < Dose ≤ 25%, 25% < Dose ≤ 50%, 50% < Dose ≤ 75%, and >75% of the target dose. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio for various HR categories and adjusting for clinical and laboratory variables. At discharge, 1226 patients had an HR < 70 b.p.m., 1347 patients had an HR at range 70–90 b.p.m., and 372 patients with an HR > 90 b.p.m. The 30 day mortality rate was 2.2%, 3.7%, and 12.1% (P < 0.001), respectively. Concordantly, 1 year mortality rate was 14.6%, 16.7%, and 30.4% (P < 0.001) among patients with HR < 70 b.p.m., HR 70–90 b.p.m., and HR > 90 b.p.m., respectively. The adjusted hazard ratio was significantly increased only in HR above 90 b.p.m. category (hazard ratio, 2.318; 95% confidence interval, 1.794–2.996).

Conclusions

Patients with ADHF and an HR of <90 b.p.m. at discharge had significantly a lower 1 year mortality independent of the dosage of beta‐blocker at discharge. It is conceivable to discharge these patients with lower HR.
Prediction of cardiac events with non‐contrast magnetic resonance feature tracking in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Overhoff Daniel , Ansari Uzair , Hohneck Anna , Tülümen Erol , Rudic Boris , Kuschyk Jürgen , Lossnitzer Dirk , Baumann Stefan , Froelich Matthias F. , Waldeck Stephan , Akin Ibrahim , Borggrefe Martin , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Papavassiliu Theano
Published: November 2021

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of feature tracking (FT) derived cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain parameters of the left ventricle (LV)/right ventricle (RV) in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) patients treated with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD). Current guidelines suggest a LV‐ejection fraction ≤35% as major criterion for ICD implantation in ICM, but this is a poor predictor for arrhythmic events. Supplementary parameters are missing.

Methods and results

Ischaemic cardiomyopathy patients (n = 242), who underwent CMR imaging prior to primary and secondary implantation of ICD, were classified depending on EF ≤ 35% (n = 188) or >35% (n = 54). FT parameters were derived from steady‐state free precession cine views using dedicated software. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular mortality (CVM) and/or appropriate ICD therapy. There were no significant differences in FT‐function or LV‐/RV‐function parameters in patients with an EF ≤ 35% correlating to the primary endpoint. In patients with EF > 35%, standard CMR functional parameters, such as LV‐EF, did not reveal significant differences. However, significant differences in most FT parameters correlating to the primary endpoint were observed in this subgroup. LV‐GLS (left ventricular‐global longitudinal strain) and RV‐GRS (right ventricular‐global radial strain) revealed the best diagnostic performance in ROC curve analysis. The combination of LV‐GLS and RV‐GRS showed a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 76% for the prediction of future events.

Conclusions

The impact of FT derived measurements in the risk stratification of patients with ICM depends on LV function. The combination of LV‐GLS/RV‐GRS seems to be a predictor of cardiovascular mortality and/or appropriate ICD therapy in patients with EF > 35%.
Polymer Based Functional Materials: A New Generation Photo‐active Candidate for Electrochemical Application
Authors: Ghosh Abhisek Brata , Basak Sayan , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit
Published: November 2021

This article reviews the successive development of photo‐assisted electrochemical performances using functionalized polymer materials. The photoelectrochemical technologies have already been well‐established as a major tool for generating renewable energy harvesting solar power. In this regard, the research on the generation of new photoactive polymer supported units has drawn remarkable attention to improve the power conversion output and build up low‐cost advanced devices. So, starting from fundamental working principle, we have tried to overview comprehensively the key features of most of these studies, which involve the tactical schemes behind the appropriate selection of different substituents to functionalize the polymer skeleton to achieve an optimal bandgap, challenges faced specially in the index of performance in post synthetic phase, the possible routes to overcome the hurdle, so that it can harvest photons matched with the solar spectrum and of course their relevance in the broad range of application window. Apart from photovoltaic solar cell application, the idea has been logically extended to cover highly selective photoelectrochemical sensing devices,where we have disclosed briefly the role of polymers in designing innovative biosensors, the trend of development along with specific illustrative examples, and some of their successful utilization in real time assay. The overall description is entirely focused on how these strategies have emerged from the background concepts and finally shaped to a viable and significant outcome.
Stronger together: Analytical techniques for recombinant adeno associated virus
Authors: Hutanu Andrei , Boelsterli David , Schmidli Claudio , Montealegre Cristina , Dang Thai Mike H. N. , Bobaly Balazs , Koch Marius , Schwarz Maria A.
Published: November 2021

With recent FDA approval of two recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV)‐based gene therapies, these vectors have proven that they are suitable to address monogenic diseases. However, rAAVs are relatively new modalities, and their production and therapy costs significantly exceed those of conventional biologics. Thus, significant efforts are made to improve the processes, methods, and techniques used in manufacturing and quality control (QC). Here, we evaluate transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and two modes of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for their ability to analyze the DNA encapsidated by rAAVs. While TEM and AUC are well‐established methods for rAAV, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been just recently proposed for viral genome sizing. The data presented reflect that samples are very complex, with various DNA species incorporated in the virus, including small fragments as well as DNA that is larger than the targeted transgene. CGE provides a good insight in the filling of rAAVs, but the workflow is tedious and the method is not applicable for the determination of DNA titer, since a procedure for the absolute quantification (e.g., calibration) is not yet established. For estimating the genome titer, we propose a simplified capillary zone electrophoresis approach with minimal sample preparation and short separation times (<5 min/run). Our data show the benefits of using the four techniques combined, since each of them alone is prone to delivering ambiguous results. For this reason, a clear view of the rAAV interior can only be provided by using several analytical methods simultaneously.
Where does purging disorder lie on the symptomatologic and personality continuum when compared to other eating disorder subtypes? Implications for the DSM
Authors: Krug Isabel , Giles Sarah Elizabeth , Granero Roser , Agüera Zaida , Sánchez Isabel , Sánchez‐Gonzalez Jessica , Jimenez‐Murcia Susana , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To assess the clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder (PD) from other eating disorder (ED) diagnoses.

Method

Participants included 3127 women consecutively admitted to an ED treatment centre (246 PD, 465 anorexia nervosa restrictive [AN‐R], 327 AN‐binge purging [AN‐BP], 1436 bulimia nervosa [BN], 360 binge eating disorder [BED], 177 atypical AN and 116 unspecified feeding or eating disorder [UFED]) who were diagnosed according to DSM‐5 criteria. Additionally, 822 control participants were recruited from the community. All participants completed measures assessing ED symptoms (EDI‐2), general psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R) and personality (TCI‐R).

Results

Patients with PD, when compared to controls, scored significantly higher on the EDI‐2 and SCL‐90‐R, and most TCI‐R dimensions. Most of the significant differences between PD and the other ED diagnoses emerged between PD and AN‐R, followed by Atypical‐AN, UFED, AN‐BP and BED, with patients with PD typically reporting higher scores on the EDI‐2 and SCL‐90‐R subscales. Significant differences between PD and BN were also present, but to a lesser extent. The findings for personality varied amongst the different ED diagnoses.

Conclusions

PD is a clinically significant disorder, which seems to be more similar to BN than it is to AN and the other ED subtypes.
ANCHORS: A multi‐decadal tide gauge dataset to monitor Australian relative sea level changes
Authors: Hague Ben S. , Jones David A. , Trewin Blair , Jakob Doerte , Murphy Bradley F. , Martin David J. , Braganza Karl
Published: November 2021

Here, we describe a new national tide gauge‐based sea level dataset for monitoring sea level changes around Australia, and the novel homogenization methodology used to develop it. Homogenization is a two‐step process that involves the detection of jumps or steps in the data (inhomogeneities) followed by a correction applied to remove the change. This new dataset is called the Australian National Collection of Homogenized Observations of Relative Sea Level (ANCHORS). ANCHORS provides coastal sea levels at hourly resolution with homogenization performed on annual means. ANCHORS is intended to be a national tide gauge‐based sea level dataset to monitor changes in mean sea level and resultant coastal flood frequency changes around Australia. Whilst sea levels are rising around Australia in response to global mean sea level changes, coastal water levels represent a notable gap in the suite of in situ high‐quality datasets available for researchers, governments and industry. Tide gauge datasets are well suited to impact‐based assessments of changes in flood frequency, duration and risk. In this regard, ANCHORS will sit alongside existing satellite‐ and numerical modelling‐based sea level datasets to provide enhanced insights into the physical impacts of sea level rise on Australian coastlines. We have adapted established homogenization techniques to develop a national collection of homogenous long tide gauge records. The dataset comprises 38 tide gauge records from around Australia, varying in length from 34 to 123 years, with an average of 57 years. Finally, we discuss limitations and potential applications for ANCHORS and how these have informed the design of this coastal sea level dataset.
How do community based dementia friendly initiatives work for people with dementia and their caregivers, and why? A rapid realist review
Authors: Thijssen Marjolein , Daniels Ramon , Lexis Monique , Jansens Rianne , Peeters José , Chadborn Neil , Nijhuis‐van der Sanden Maria W. G. , Kuijer‐Siebelink Wietske , Graff Maud
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To describe and explain the outcomes of community dementia friendly initiatives (DFIs) for people with dementia and their caregivers to inform the development and tailoring of DFIs.

Methods

Literature searches on DFIs were performed through two systematic online database searches of PubMed, Embase, ASSIA, CINAHL and Google scholar. Papers were only included if they evaluated outcomes using empirical data from people with dementia or caregivers. Data collection and analysis were guided by the categorization in the DEM‐FACT taxonomy and RAMESES guidelines for realist reviews.

Results

Of 7154 records identified, 22 papers were included with qualitative, mixed method and quantitative study designs. The synthesis led to a description of programme theories addressing caring, stimulating and activating communities. Outcomes for people with dementia and caregivers included having contact with others, enjoyment and decrease of stress and, lastly, support. This synthesis also indicated how people with dementia participated in a specific role in DFIs, such as patient, team member or active citizen.

Conclusions

DFIs generate different outcomes for people with dementia and caregivers, depending on the kind of initiative and the specific role for people with dementia. These findings could be a catalyst for initiation and further development of DFIs in a dementia friendly community (DFC). This draws attention to the multiple aspects of DFCs and supports reflection on their essential principles.
PLS‐SEM: Prediction‐oriented solutions for HRD researchers
Authors: Legate Amanda E. , Hair Joe F. , Chretien Janice Lambert , Risher Jeffrey J.
Published: November 2021

Structural equation modeling, often referred to as SEM, is a well‐established, covariance‐based multivariate method used in Human Resource Development (HRD) quantitative research. In some research contexts, however, the rigorous assumptions associated with covariance‐based SEM (CB‐SEM) limit applications of the method. An emergent complementary SEM approach, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), is a variance‐based SEM method that provides valid solutions and overcomes several limitations associated with CB‐SEM. Despite PLS‐SEM's increasing popularity in many social sciences disciplines, the method has yet to gain traction in the field of HRD. An accessible overview of the method, including potential advantages for HRD research and extant methodological advancements, is provided in this article with the goal of encouraging productive dialogue in the field of HRD surrounding the PLS‐SEM approach. We present an emergent analytical tool for quantitative HRD research, offer practical guidelines for researchers to consider when selecting a SEM method, and clarify assessment stages and up‐to‐date evaluation criteria through an illustrative example.
Vulnerability of water resources under a changing climate and human activity in the lower Great Lakes region
Authors: Soonthornrangsan Jenny T. , Lowry Christopher S.
Published: November 2021

Globally, the number of people experiencing water stress is expected to increase by millions by the end of the century. The Great Lakes region, representing 20% of the world's surface freshwater, is not immune to stresses on water supply due to uncertainties on the impacts of climate and land use change. It is imperative for researchers and policy makers to assess the changing state of water resources, even if the region is water rich. This research developed the integrated surface water‐groundwater GSFLOW model and investigated the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities on water resources in the lower Great Lakes region of Western New York. To capture a range of scenarios, two climate emission pathways and three land development projections were used, specifically RCP 4.5, RCP 8.5, increased urbanization by 50%, decreased urbanization by 50%, and current land cover, respectively. Model outputs of surface water and groundwater discharge into the Great Lakes and groundwater storage for mid‐ and late century were compared to historical to determine the direction and amplitude of changes. Both surface water and groundwater systems show no statistically significant changes under RCP 4.5 but substantial and worrisome losses with RCP 8.5 by mid‐century and end of century. Under RCP 8.5, streamflow decreased by 22% for mid‐century and 42% for late century. Adjusting impervious surfaces revealed complex land use effects, resulting in spatially varying groundwater head fluctuations. For instance, increasing impervious surfaces lowered groundwater levels from 0.5 to 3.8 m under Buffalo, the largest city in the model domain, due to reduced recharge in surrounding suburban areas. Ultimately, results of this study highlight the necessity of integrated modelling in assessing temporal changes to water resources. This research has implications for other water‐rich areas, which may not be immune to effects of climate change and human activities.
It matters how you start: Early numeracy mastery predicts high school math course‐taking and college attendance
Authors: Davis‐Kean Pamela E. , Domina Thurston , Kuhfeld Megan , Ellis Alexa , Gershoff Elizabeth T.
Published: November 2021

Using data from the Applied Problems subtest of the Woodcock‐Johnson Tests of Achievement (Woodcock & Johnson, 1989/1990, Woodcock‐Johnson psycho‐educational battery‐revised. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources) administered to 1,364 children from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Childcare and Youth Development (SECCYD), this study measures children's mastery of three numeric competencies (counting, concrete representational arithmetic and abstract arithmetic operations) at 54 months of age. We find that, even after controlling for key demographic characteristics, the numeric competency that children master prior to school entry relates to important educational transitions in secondary and post‐secondary education. Those children who showed low numeric competency prior to school entry enrolled in lower math track classes in high school and were less likely to enrol in college. Important numeracy competency differences at age 54 months related to socioeconomic inequalities were also found. These findings suggest that important indicators of long‐term schooling success (i.e., advanced math courses, college enrollment) are evident prior to schooling based on the levels of numeracy mastery.
Default predicted no-effect target concentrations for antibiotics in the absence of data for the protection against antibiotic resistance and environmental toxicity
Authors: Vestel Jessica , Caldwell Daniel J. , Tell Joan , Constantine Lisa , Häner Andreas , Hellstern Jutta , Journel Romain , Ryan Jim J. , Swenson Tim , Xei Wei
Published: November 2021

The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, via the AMR Industry Alliance, has developed and implemented steps to help minimize the potential impact of pharmaceutical manufacturing on the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). One of these steps was to publish predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) to serve as targets for antibiotic manufacturing wastewater effluent risk assessments aimed to help protect environmental receptors and to mitigate against the spread of antibiotic resistance. Concentrations below which adverse effects in the environment are not expected to occur (PNECs) were first published in 2018 and are updated annually. The current list now stands at 125 antibiotics; however, it is recognized that this list does not encompass all manufactured antibiotics. Therefore, a statistical evaluation of currently available data was conducted and a default PNEC of 0.05 µg/L for antibiotics in the absence of other data was derived. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:863–867. © 2022 Merck, Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Teva Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, and Pfizer lnc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

KEY POINTS

PNECs were previously published for 125 antibiotics; however, it is recognized that this list does not encompass all manufactured antibiotics. A default PNEC value is necessary in order to provide a target for antibiotics with limited data.
Effect of birth ball abdominal core training on pregnancy fatigue, waist pain and delivery outcomes
Authors: Zhang Rong , Xiao Ying , Wei Wei , Wu Bingbing
Published: November 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of birth ball abdominal core training on fatigue, waist pain, and delivery outcomes in middle and late pregnancy.

Methods

A prospective study of 209 primipara in total with 24–27 weeks of gestation were recruited and divided into the training group (109 cases) and the control group (100 cases). The control group received routine prenatal exercise. On the basis of routine prenatal exercise, pregnant women in the training group were given birth ball exercises based on abdominal core training. The difference in pregnancy fatigue, waist discomfort, and delivery outcomes between the two groups were compared.

Results

The waist pain and fatigue ratings of women were significantly lower and the vaginal delivery rate (74.3%) was significantly higher (62%) (P < 0.001) in the training group. There were no significant differences in the total stage of labor, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal weight and 1‐min neonatal Apgar score between the two groups. The rate of episiotomy in the training group (14.7%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (25.0%) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Birth ball exercises can relieve fatigue and waist pain in middle and late 2021 pregnancy, reduce the rate of episiotomy, and promote spontaneous vaginal delivery.
On the generality of preference for contingent reinforcement
Authors: Gover Holly C. , Hanley Gregory P. , Ruppel Kelsey W.
Published: November 2021

Reinforcers can be delivered dependent on or independent of responding. Both human and nonhuman animals have shown a preference for contexts involving contingent reinforcement, but the generality of this phenomenon to humans and its implications have not yet been described. We present an integrative summary of studies evaluating preference for contingent versus noncontingent reinforcement, including (a) study participants, reinforcer types, response topographies, and contexts; (b) outcomes; (c) potential variables influencing preference outcomes; and (d) suggestions regarding research to expand behavior analysts' ability to design preferred contexts.
Natural products against cisplatin‐induced male reproductive toxicity: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rahimi Atena , Asadi Farideh , Rezghi Maedeh , Kazemi Soharb , Soorani Farangiz , Memariani Zahra
Published: November 2021

Cisplatin is widely used as one of the most effective anticancer agents in the treatment of some neoplasms. Reproductive toxicity is the most common outcome associated with cisplatin testicular damage. Alternative natural medicines for treating male testicular disorders and infertility have received extensive attention in research. Natural products, medicinal herbs, and their secondary metabolites have been shown as promising agents in the management of testicular damage induced by chemotherapy drugs. This study aimed to review the research related to natural substances that are promising in mitigation of the cisplatin‐induced toxicity in the reproductive system. PubMed and Scopus were searched for studies on various natural products for their potential protective property against reproductive toxicity induced by cisplatin from 2000 to 2020. Eligibility was checked based on selection criteria. Fifty‐nine articles were included in this review. Mainly in animal studies, several natural agents have positively affected cisplatin‐reproductive‐toxicity factors, including reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, DNA damage, and activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Most of the natural agents were investigated in short‐term duration and high doses of cisplatin exposure, considering their antioxidant activity against oxidative stress. Considering antioxidant properties, various natural products might be effective for the management of cisplatin reproductive toxicity. However, long‐term recovery of spermatogenesis and management of low‐dose‐cisplatin toxicity should be considered as well as the bioavailability of these agents before and after treatment with cisplatin without affecting its anticancer activity.
Successful “on‐demand” plerixafor for autologous peripheral blood stem‐cells transplantation for relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors
Authors: Corbingi Andrea , Metafuni Elisabetta , Di Salvatore Mariantonietta , Putzulu Rossana , Chiusolo Patrizia , Schinzari Giovanni , Massini Giuseppina , Rossi Ernesto , Zini Gina , Cassano Alessandra , Sica Simona , Piccirillo Nicola
Published: November 2021

Background

Germ cell tumors represent, among solid cancers, a potentially curable disease even if up to 20% to 30% of patients (pts) relapse after first‐line treatment especially considering intermediate and poor prognosis groups. In this scenario, patients are candidates for high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem‐cells transplantation as second‐line treatment even though stem‐cells mobilization potential can be affected by several cycles and regimens of chemotherapy. To date, plerixafor is authorized in poor mobilizer adult pts diagnosed with lymphoma or multiple myeloma and in pediatric solid tumors or lymphoma. Therefore, the use of plerixafor in adult pts with relapsing/refractory GCT is still off label.

Materials and methods

In our study, we describe mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells for 10 pts with germ cell tumors. Six patients underwent plerixafor administration since classified as poor mobilizers based on WBC count (>5.000/μL) and CD34+ cell count (<15/μL) the day before apheresis procedure.

Results

On the first day of apheresis, plerixafor administration in poor mobilizers made possible a remarkable boost of CD34+ cells in such a way to overlap that of good mobilizers' (32/μL vs 35/μL, respectively, P > .05).

Conclusion

Therefore, in our experience, plerixafor made a good fraction of poor mobilizer patients eligible for mobilization and collection and able to undergo the predicted autologous stem‐cells transplantation; thus, the lack of access to the use of plerixafor in this setting of patients risks jeopardizing an effective treatment, especially in case of poor prognosis.
Identification of novel biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis via serum proteomic analysis using iTRAQ‐2D‐LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Li Meng , Ren Rongrong , Yan Molei , Chen Shangzhong , Chen Chen , Yan Jing
Published: November 2021

Background

Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the ICU patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate patient management is the key to improve the patient survival and to limit disabilities in sepsis patients. This study was aimed to find new diagnostic biomarkers of sepsis.

Methods

In this study, serum proteomic profiles in sepsis patients by iTRAQ2D‐LC‐MS/MS. Thirty seven differentially expressed proteins were identified in patients with sepsis, and six proteins including ApoC3, SERPINA1, VCAM1, B2M, GPX3, and ApoE were selected for further verification by ELISA and immunoturbidimetry in 53 patients of non‐sepsis, 37 patients of sepsis, and 35 patients of septic shock. Descriptive statistics, functional enrichment analysis, and ROC curve analysis were conducted.

Results

The level of ApoC3 was gradually decreased among non‐sepsis, sepsis, and septic shock groups (p = 0.049). The levels of VCAM1 (p = 0.010), B2M (p = 0.004), and ApoE (p = 0.039) were showing an increased tread in three groups, with the peak values of B2M and ApoE in the sepsis group. ROC curve analysis for septic diagnosis showed that the areas under ROC curve (AUC) of ApoC3, VCAM1, B2M, and ApoE were 0.625, 0.679, 0.581, and 0.619, respectively, which were lower than that of PCT (AUC 0.717) and CRP (AUC 0.706), but there were no significant differences between each index and PCT or CRP. The combination including four validated indexes and two classical infection indexes for septic diagnosis had the highest AUC‐ROC of 0.772.

Conclusion

Proteins of ApoC3, VCAM1, B2M, and ApoE provide a supplement to classical biomarkers for septic diagnosis.
Identifying group‐based patterns of suicidal ideation over the first 10 years after moderate‐to‐severe TBI
Authors: Klyce Daniel W. , Perrin Paul B. , Fisher Lauren B. , Hammond Flora M. , Juengst Shannon B. , Bergquist Thomas F. , Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Wagner Amy K. , Bombardier Charles H. , Niemeier Janet P. , Gary Kelli W. , Giacino Joseph T. , Zafonte Ross D.
Published: November 2021

Objective

To identify group‐based patterns in suicidal ideation (SI) over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods

Participants included 9539 individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database who responded to Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 Item 9 assessing SI at 1, 2, 5, and/or 10 years post‐injury. Ak‐means cluster analysis was conducted to determine group‐based patterns of SI, and pre‐injury variables were compared with ANOVAs and chi‐square tests.

Results

SI and attempts decreased over time. Four group‐based patterns emerged: Low, increasing, moderate, and decreasing SI. The low SI group comprised 89% of the sample, had the highest pre‐injury employment, fewer mental health vulnerabilities, least severe injuries, and were oldest. The increasing SI group had the most severe TBIs, were youngest, and disproportionately Black or Asian/Pacific Islander.

Conclusion

These findings reinforce the importance of mental health and suicide risk assessment during chronic recovery from TBI.
Mental health first aid USA implementation: Trainee reported quality and impact of training
Authors: Troxel Mary , Anthony Laura G. , Robertson Hillary A. , Anthony Bruno J.
Published: November 2021

This study investigated the association of training implementation factors (Quality, Impact, Usefulness) with Mental Health First Aid (MHFA)‐targeted outcomes (e.g., increased knowledge, confidence helping someone). Trainees who completed MHFA USA training in 2016 (N = 1003) were surveyed post training about its influence on their thoughts and behaviors, and about implementation factors. Some trainees completed 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups (N = 430,N = 276, respectively). Training Quality, Impact and Usefulness were rated highly. Differences in Quality and Impact across demographic groups were found; trainees from racially and ethnically marginalized backgrounds, and trainees with lower education levels, reported greater effect. Quality and Impact predicted positive changes in MHFA‐targeted constructs such as self‐efficacy, stigma and trainee perceived positive effect of MHFA strategies for those in crisis. Impact predicted positive change in mental health knowledge; this association strengthened over time. Results provide information about acceptability and perceived Impact of MHFA USA training and lead to recommendations for future evaluation and implementation.
Tumor‐derived exosomal PD‐L1 in progression of cancer and immunotherapy
Authors: Rasihashemi Seyed Z. , Rezazadeh Gavgani Erfan , Majidazar Reza , Seraji Parya , Oladghaffari Mobina , Kazemi Tohid , Lotfinejad Parisa
Published: November 2021

Cancer is a gravely important health issue all over the world and has been spreading fast. In recent years immune checkpoint treatment options have been used extensively as a primary line of treatment for different cancer types. PD‐1 and its ligand, PD‐L1, are members of the immune‐checkpoints superfamily. Anti‐PD‐L1 and anti‐PD‐1 antibodies have shown efficacy against different cancer types, but fewer than 30% of patients have shown robust therapeutic responses and, therefore, it is hypothesized that exosomal PD‐L1 is the mechanism to blame for failure in primary immune checkpoint therapy. The identical membrane topology of exosomal PD‐L1 with tumor cell membrane‐type provides the possibility to mimic immunosuppressive effects of tumor cell membrane PD‐L1. In this review, it is discussed whether exosomal PD‐L1 binds to antibodies and hence resistance to immunotherapy will be developed, and targeting exosome biogenesis inhibition can provide a new strategy to overcome tumor resistance to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy. Diagnostic and prognostic values of exosomal PD‐L1 in different cancer types are discussed. Multiple clinical studies conclude that the level of tumor‐derived exosomes (TEXs) as a biomarker for diagnosis could distinguish cancer patients from healthy controls. Elevated exosomal PD‐L1 levels may be predictive of advanced disease stages, cancer metastasis, lower response to anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy, lower overall survival rates, and poor tumor prognosis. These novel findings of TEXs serve as promising therapeutic targets for early diagnosis and prevention of cancer progression.
Evaluating the impact of interprofessional forums on dental medicine students’ collaborative practice skill perception
Authors: Gambacorta Joseph E. , Kruger Jessica S. , Kruger Daniel J. , Antonson Donald E. , Ohtake Patricia J.
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study evaluates third‐year dental medicine students' perceived competencies related to interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) after completing two exposure level experiences with students from other professions across a large academic health center.

Methods

Two cohorts of D3 dental medicine students (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) completed the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS) after participating in in‐person 2.5‐h Interprofessional (IP) Forums in the Fall and Spring semesters. Self‐reported competencies were compared between pre‐and post‐IP Forum ratings and between Fall and Spring.

Results

Prior to the IP Forums, dental medicine students (n = 185) reported perceived skill in the interprofessional competencies to be from Good to Very Good using the ICCAS. After participation in the Fall IP Forum, students’ ICCAS scores increased in all ICCAS subscales with large effect sizes. Students reported a perceived decline in these skills in the four months between Fall and Spring IP Forums and restoration of IP skill levels after participating in a second IP Forum (Spring).

Conclusions

Participation in IP Forums has a positive impact on students' IPCP skill perception. Our data suggest that perceived skill level requires repeated IP learning experiences. If dental medicine students are expected to embrace collaborative practice to enhance patient outcomes, then dental school educators must provide opportunities for students to engage in collaborative practice experiences at all levels of their training.
Children with sickle cell disease and severe COVID‐19 presenting single nucleotide polymorphisms in innate immune response genes – A case report
Authors: Pessoa Natália Lima , Diniz Lilian Martins Oliveira , Andrade Adriana de Souza , Kroon Erna Geessien , Bentes Aline Almeida , Campos Marco Antônio
Published: November 2021

Here we report three clinical cases of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and severe COVID‐19 who evolved with complications during hospitalization or after discharge. They present single nucleotide polymorphisms in tlr‐7 and tirap genes, identified from 37 patients under 16 years old hospitalized from September 2020 to May 2021 in the Hospital João Paulo II, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. They presented significant complications of SCD as acute chest syndrome, splenic sequestration, and pain crisis during hospitalization or up to 2 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. They all required transfusion of concentrated red blood cells and hospitalization in a reference hospital to care for children with SCD.
Degradation of red blood cell deformability during cold storage in blood bags
Authors: Islamzada Emel , Matthews Kerryn , Lamoureux Erik S. , Duffy Simon P. , Scott Mark D. , Ma Hongshen
Published: November 2021

Red blood cells (RBCs) stored in blood bags develop a storage lesion that include structural, metabolic, and morphologic transformations resulting in a progressive loss of RBC deformability. The speed of RBC deformability loss is donor‐dependent, which if properly characterized, could be used as a biomarker to select high‐quality RBC units for sensitive recipients or to provide customized storage timelines depending on the donor. We used the microfluidic ratchet device to measure the deformability of red blood cells stored in blood bags every 14 days over a span of 56 days. We observed that storage in blood bags generally prevented RBC deformability loss over the current standard 42‐day storage window. However, between 42 and 56 days, the deformability loss profile varied dramatically between donors. In particular, we observed accelerated RBC deformability loss for a majority of male donors, but for none of the female donors. Together, our results suggest that RBC deformability loss could be used to screen for donors who can provide stable RBCs for sensitive transfusion recipients or to identify donors capable of providing RBCs that could be stored for longer than the current 42‐day expiration window.