bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Family and Institutional Environment on the Adaptive Behaviour of Children with Mild Intellectual Disability / Utjecaj obitelji i institucije na prilagodljivo ponašanje djece s blagim intelektualnim poteškoćama
Authors: Gligorovic Milica , Buha Nataša
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe development of adaptive skills is determined by factors inherent to a person, as well as by opportunities and expectations of the socio-cultural environment in which the person grows up. This paper analyses the adaptive behaviour of children with mild intellectual disability (MID) living with families or in institutions for children without parental care. The sample consisted of 95 children with MID, aged between 10 and 13.11. Data on their adaptive skills were obtained during standardized interviews with special education teachers, through using the AAMR Adaptive Behaviour Scale – School, Second Edition (ABS-S:2). Analysing the domain scores and factor scores regarding the first part of ABS-S:2 scale, it was possible to determine that the children with MID who lived with families achieved much better results in practical and social skills than the children who lived in institutions. Score differences in the Maladaptive Behaviour Scale between the two above-mentioned groups of children with MID were statistically significant in all domains.Key words: conceptual skills; family; institutionalization; maladaptive behaviour; practical skills; social skills.*****SažetakRazvoj vještina prilagođavanja određen je čimbenicima koji su svojstveni pojedincu, ali i mogućnostima i očekivanjima društveno-ekonomske sredine u kojoj pojedinac odrasta. U ovom se radu analizira prilagodljivo ponašanje djece s blagim intelektualnim poteškoćama (MID) koja žive u obiteljima ili institucijama za djecu bez roditeljske skrbi. Uzorak je činilo 95 takve djece u dobi između 10 i 13.11 godina. Podaci o vještinama prilagođavanja prikupljeni su tijekom standardiziranih intervjua s učiteljima specijalnog obrazovanja, s pomoću AAMR Skale prilagodljivog ponašanja - Škola, drugo izdanje (ABS-S:2). Razmatrajući rezultate domena i faktorske analize u prvom dijelu skale ABS-S:2, utvrđeno je da djeca s blagim intelektualnim poteškoćama koja žive u obiteljima postižu mnogo bolje rezultate u praktičnim i socijalnim vještinama nego djeca u institucijama. Razlike među njima, utemeljene na Skali lošeg prilagodljivog ponašanja, statistički su značajne u svim domenama. Ključne riječi: konceptualne vještine; obitelj; institucionalizacija; loše prilagodljivo ponašanje; praktične vještine; društvene vještine
Waldorf Education and Rudolf Steiner Schools as a Topic of Educational Science / Waldorfsko obrazovanje i škole Rudolfa Steinera kao tema u odgojno-obrazovnim znanostima
Authors: Paschen Harm
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe highly controversial Waldorf pedagogy has changed its relationships to educational sciences in the last decades, especially through their own teacher training institutions that became academic under the necessary Bologna process. Also, the growing number of Waldorf schools worldwide draws more attention because of pedagogical competition and some practices which are interesting for the mainstream schools. I will try to present this new attention and the following encounter between two quite different knowledge domains by concentrating on the most interesting developments and an understanding from the perspective of educational science. This requires certain paradigmatic examples to cause even more interest. Some of my paradigmatic examples have been confirmed in academic seminars at a German university and in some international places.Key words: alternative pedagogy; educational science; Rudolf Steiner; traditional schooling; Waldorf pedagogy.---SažetakPosljednjih desetljeća vrlo kontroverzna Waldorfska pedagogija mijenja svoj odnos prema odgojno-obrazovnim znanostima, osobito zahvaljujući novom akademskom statusu institucija u kojima se obrazuju njihovi učitelji u sklopu Bolonjskog procesa. Sve veći broj waldorfskih škola posvuda u svijetu također postaje još intrigantniji zbog pedagoške konkurencije i nekih oblika pedagoške prakse zanimljivih školama koje pripadaju tradicionalnoj struji u pedagogiji. To se novo zanimanje, kao i buduće povezivanje dvaju sasvim različitih područja znanja, nastoji koncentrirati na najzanimljivije razvojne pravce i shvaćanja iz perspektive odgojno-obrazovnih znanosti. Da bi se potaknulo zanimanje, potrebni su paradigmatski primjeri. Neki od primjera što ih navodim potvrđeni su na seminarima sa studentima na jednom njemačkom sveučilištu, kao i u drugim mjestima u svijetu.Ključne riječi: alternativna pedagogija; odgojno-obrazovne znanosti; Rudolf Steiner; tradicionalno školovanje; Waldorfska pedagogija.
Language Competence upon Completion of High School Analysis and Interpretation of Results of Initial Test Conducted among 1st Year Students of the School of Economics as Part of the Business Croatian Language Course, 2011/2012 / Jezična kompetencija nakon
Authors: Ramljak Ozana , Krampus Vicko
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the results of initial test intended for checking the ability to implement knowledge of standard Croatian language by 1st year students of the School of Economics in Zagreb. The test is conducted each year at the beginning of the studying process as a part of the Business Croatian Language Course. Such a test promptly settles any concerns about the ability of students to participate in the course and diminishes possible reluctance to learning while at the same time strengthening their persistence, motivation and cooperation. The goal was to identify the average literacy level in order to define students' language competence and establish the starting linguistic platform of teaching. This paper represents the first part of a research that will include the analysis of final test results done with two groups of students: one group that attended the course taking into consideration results of initial tests and another one that attended the course without being submitted to checking of students' initial knowledge and was not adapted accordingly. By doing so we wanted to justify the aim and effects of initial tests.Key words: Croatia; initial test; interactive teaching; language competence.---Sažetak U radu se raščlanjuju rezultati inicijalnoga testa, provedenoga među studentima prve godine ekonomskog usmjerenja visokoškolske ustanove u Zagrebu. Provjeravala se razina znanja iz standardnoga hrvatskog jezika koja su, prema programu, učenici trebali usvojiti do kraja srednjoškolskog obrazovanja. Test je proveden na početku svake godine u sklopu nastave Poslovnog hrvatskog jezika jer takvo testiranje odmah na početku rješava dvojbe o spremnosti studenata za praćenje nastave, smanjuje pojavu mogućih otpora u učenju i izbjegavanje rada, istodobno pojačavajući perzistentnost, motiviranost za rad i suradnju s predavačem. Cilj je bio propitati prosječnu razinu pismenosti kako bi se utvrdile jezične kompetencije studenata te odredila polazna platforma za izvođenje nastave. U radu je prikazan prvi dio istraživanja koje će obuhvatiti i raščlambu rezultata testiranja na završnim testovima, i to u studentskim grupama koje su izvodile nastavu, a uzimajući u obzir rezultate inicijalnih testova, i onih koje su nastavu izvodile prema planu koji nije uključio provjeru i djelomično prilagođavanje početnom znanju studenata, kako bi se provjerila svrha i učinak predtestiranja.Ključne riječi: hrvatski jezik; inicijalni test; interaktivna nastava; pismenost.
The Assessment of Climbing Skills in Four-Year-Old Children / Procjena vještine penjanja u četverogodišnjaka
Authors: Plevnik Matej , Šimunič Boštjan , Pišot Rado
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of climbing skills among four-year-old children. The fundamental movement pattern of climbing was evaluated because of its role in the process of motor development. 107 children performed a climbing test, where specially adapted 275 cm high and 90 degree set vertical ladder with 15, 30 and 45 cm distance between horizontal bars was used. The climbing time, as a measure of climbing effectiveness was correlated with climbing proficiency, the body characteristics and data obtained by accelerometers. Climbing proficiency variables were established for the purpose of this study. Climbing time in the main climbing task (climbing ladder 90 degrees, 15 cm) was statistically significantly correlated with climbing proficiency (r=-0.713, p< 0.001) and with body height (r=-0.230, p=0.026), however, it was not significantly correlated with the daily amount (r = -0.425, p=0.101) and intensity (r=0.086, p=0.750) of physical activity. Climbing proficiency is the most important factor of climbing effectiveness. Children have to master the proficiency of climbing skills through specially designed physical activity programmes with proper skill instructions and in environments that stimulate the development of various forms of climbing skills. Key words: child; early childhood; motor development; physical activity; vertical ladder.  --- SažetakCilj ovoga istraživanja bio je proučiti obilježja vještine penjanja među četverogodišnjom djecom. Osnovni uzorak pokreta bio je procijenjen zbog njegove uloge u procesu motoričkog razvoja. 107 djece bilo je podvrgnuto testu penjanja za koji su se koristile posebno prilagođene vertikalne ljestve visine 275 cm i 90 stupnjeva sa 15, 30 i 45 cm razmaka između horizontalnih prečki. Vrijeme penjanja, kao mjera učinkovitosti penjanja, korelirano je s vještinom penjanja, tjelesnim karakteristikama i podacima dobivenih akcelerometrima. Varijable za vještinu penjanja uspostavljene za ovo istraživanje. Vrijeme penjanja kod glavnog zadatka penjanja (penjanje na ljestve pod 90 stupnjeva i s razmakom od 15cm) statistički je značajno korelirano s vještinom penjanja (r=-0,713, p<0,001) i s tjelesnom visinom (r=-0,230, p=0,026). Međutim, nije značajno korelirano s dnevnom količinom (r= -0,425, p=0,101) i intenzitetom (r=0,086, p=0,750) fizičke aktivnosti. Čimbenik vještine penjanja najvažniji je za učinkovitost penjanja. Djeca moraju steći iskustvo u vještini penjanja putem posebno oblikovanih programa fizičkih aktivnosti i primjerene obuke koja se održava u okolini koja stimulira razvoj različitih oblika vještina penjanja. Ključne riječi: dijete; fizička aktivnost; motorički razvoj; rano djetinjstvo; vertikalne ljestve
Factors Influencing Future Teachers' Adoption of Educational Software Use in Classroom / Čimbenici koji utječu na buduće nastavnike u primjeni obrazovnog softvera
Authors: Lambić Dragan
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to discover factors that significantly affect the future teachers’ decisions regarding the use of educational software in teaching. The study involved nine factors and obtained 112 valid questionnaires. The results revealed that the decision of future teachers on the use of educational software in teaching was affected by six factors: the required effort, personal innovativeness, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, previous technical training and enjoyment in helping others (altruism). Although there are no major gender differences in attitudes towards the use of educational software, the research has shown that there are significant differences in some items associated with the opinion of their own abilities.Key words: future teacher attitudes; gender studies; information technology adoption; teacher education---Sažetak Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je razotkriti čimbenike koji značajno utječu na odluku budućih nastavnika o korištenju obrazovnog softvera u podučavanju. Istraživanje je sadržavalo devet faktora, a obrađeno je 112 važećih upitnika. Rezultati su pokazali da na odluku budućih nastavnika o korištenju obrazovnog softvera utječe šest čimbenika: potreban napor, osobna  inovativnost, percepcija jednostavnog korištenja, percepcija korisnosti, prijašnje tehničko obrazovanje i uživanje u pomoći drugima (altruizam). Iako ne postoje veće razlike u stavovima o korištenju obrazovnog softvera s obzirom na spol, istraživanje je pokazalo da postoje značajne razlike kod nekih čestica vezanih uz mišljenje o vlastitim sposobnostima. Ključne riječi: istraživanje prema spolu; obrazovanje nastavnika; stavovi budućih nastavnika; upotreba informacijske tehnologije.
Differences in Habitual Physical Activity of Female Students from Different Faculties / Razlike u uobičajenoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti studentica različitih studija
Authors: Mraković Snježana , Matković Branka , Nedić Antonela
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe importance of regular physical activity (PA) in improving and maintaining health has been recognized. Future professions of the female students from the selected faculties are oriented toward preservation of health and passing of such habits to children and adults. The aim of this research was to determine the level of PA of female students from the Faculty of Kinesiology (FK), Faculty of Medicine (FM) and Faculty of Teacher Education (FTE), and the differences in PA between the groups. The sample consisted of 255 female students, 78 FK, 84 FTE and 93 FM students. Habitual PA was determined by the Baecke questionnaire. Central and dispersion parameters were calculated as well as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Statistically significant differences in habitual PA between female students from FK, FM and FTE were established through the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). FK students conduct everyday physical activities while FTE and FM students tend to lead a more sedentary lifestyle. The study indicates the students’ need for a more frequently organized PA that would influence their understanding of the importance of PA. It will affect the relation of future physicians, teachers and professors towards children and adults in the sense of more frequent recommendations and implementations of PA.Key words: Baecke questionnaire; health; students; studies.---Sažetak Priznata je važnost redovite tjelesne aktivnosti u poboljšanju i održanju zdravlja. Buduća zanimanja studentica odabranih studija usmjerena su prema očuvanju zdravlja i prenošenju takvih navika na djecu i odrasle. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razinu tjelesne aktivnosti studentica Kineziološkog (KIF), Medicinskog (MEF) i Učiteljskog fakulteta (UF) Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i razlike u tjelesnoj aktivnosti između tih skupina. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je 255 studentica, od toga 78 studentica KIF, 84 UF i 93 studentice MEF. Uobičajena tjelesna aktivnost određena je Baeckeovim upitnikom. Izračunati su centralni i disperzivni parametri i Kolmogorov-Smirnovljev test. Univarijatnom analizom varijance (ANOVA) utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u uobičajenoj tjelesnoj aktivnosti između studentica KIF, UF i MEF. Studentice KIF provode svakodnevne tjelesne aktivnosti, a studentice UF i MEF naginju više sedentarnom načinu života. Istraživanje ukazuje na potrebu studenata za što opsežnijim organiziranim tjelesnim vježbanjem, kako bi se utjecalo na njihov pojam o važnosti tjelesne aktivnosti. Takav će pristup utjecati i na odnos budućih liječnika, učitelja i profesora prema djeci i odraslima u smislu češćih preporuka i provođenja tjelesne aktivnosti.Ključne riječi: Baeckeov upitnik; fakulteti; studenti; zdravlje.
Occurring Fusarium spp. in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grains
Authors: Szabó Barbara Katalin , Molnár Klaudia Dóra , Vlaskality Sára Dóra , Körösi Katalin
Published: August 2023

In our study, we examined mycotoxin-producing fungi found in sorghum grains (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). During the experiment, the internal infection of grains was examined on 3 different selective culture media, as individual literature differs as to which selective culture media are the most suitable for the isolation of Fusarium species under laboratory conditions (Leslie and Summerell, 2006). During our experiments, we also used molecular methods to identify the selected Fusarium species down to the species level. In the case of Fusarium species our experiment shows that the best media is Nash & Snyder media. During the morphological identification we worked with 18 Fusarium monosporal cultures and we detected Fusarium avenaceum.
The hitchhiker’s guide to Australia: the 18,000-km-long journey of Alepia viatrix Jaume-Schinkel, Kvifte, Weele & Mengual, 2022 (Diptera, Psychodidae) discovered through citizen science
Authors: Jaume-Schinkel Santiago , Mengual Ximo , Howe Andy G. , Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P.
Published: August 2023

The Neotropical genus Alepia Enderlein, 1937 (Diptera, Psychodidae) is newly recorded in Australia. We present new geographical records for Alepia viatrix Jaume-Schinkel, Kvifte, Weele & Mengual, 2022, extending the range of this species by 18,000 km. We attribute these new Australian records to the likely unintentional introduction of A. viatrix through international bromeliad trade. This moth fly was found by school children working with insect taxonomists through an Australian citizen-science project, Insect Investigators. We describe and present for the first time high-resolution SEM pictures of the eggs of the genus Alepia.
Examining the Learning Styles and Academic Success Motivations of Prospective Students Who will Take a Physical Education Special Skill Exam Based on a Few Parameters
Authors: Temel Abdullah Sencer , Aydoğmuş Mevlüt , Tükel Yalçın , Atılgan Davut
Published: August 2023

Background and Study Aim: Learning styles are the foundation of how students learn and the unique paths to individual development; so they must be considered when assessing academic progress. The primary objective of this research endeavor is to investigate the learning styles and academic motivation exhibited by individuals aspiring to enroll in the faculty of sports sciences. In pursuit of this aim, a comparative methodology was employed, enabling a comprehensive analysis of various variables, including gender, sports branch, and school achievement scores. Material and Methods:The study's population comprises 4,104 candidates who applied to the special talent entrance examination at the Faculty of Sport Sciences in the Selcuk University. A survey was administered to a sample of 378 individuals, consisting of 215 male and 163 female students, who are planning to take the special skill entrance exam for the faculty of sport science. Selcuk University and Necmettin Erbakan University, both located in Konya, employed a random sampling methodology to select prospective students for participation in the study. The questionnaire served as the primary instrument for conducting descriptive, correlational, and regression analyses. To fulfill the research objectives, the Academic Motivation Scale and Kolb Learning Styles Inventory were employed. The reliability and validity of these scales were rigorously examined by the researchers. This study clarified the impact of prospective students' learning styles and academic motivations on their future learning experiences and performances in the faculty of sports sciences. Results: The study revealed that individuals who used converging, accommodating, and multiple learning styles demonstrated significantly higher levels of academic motivation. Conclusions: Further, this paper provides evidence that students who utilized multiple learning styles had significantly higher academic motivation.
The success of critical velocity protocol on predicting 10000 meters running performance
Authors: Çabuk Barış , Demirarar Onur , Cin Merve , Çabuk Refik , Özçaldıran Bahtiyar
Published: August 2023

Background and Study Aim. The study aims to evaluate which of the critical velocity (CV) estimates of the three widely used models and the best-fit model successfully predict the running performance of 10000 meters.
Materials and Methods. The group of participants in this study consisted of 11 British endurance athletes. The CV estimations were obtained from the models with the athletes' running velocity and exhaustion times of 1500, 3000, and 5000 meters (m). The information was taken from a website where the results of the British athletes are recorded. In terms of selecting endurance athletes, the data of the athletes who ran 1500 m, 3000 m, 5000 m, and 10000 m in the same two years were included in this study. By fitting the data into mathematical models, the CV estimates of the three mathematical models and the individual best-fit model were compared with the 10000 m running velocity. The CV estimates were obtained by fitting the relevant data on the running velocity, exhaustion time, and running distance of the three running distances of athletes to each of the three mathematical models.
Results. 10000 m running velocity and times of the athletes corresponded to 19.65 ± 1.26 km-1 and 30.4 ± 1.94 minutes, respectively. The CV values obtained from the three mathematical models and 10000 m running velocity were similar (p > 0.05). Although the lowest total standard error levels were obtained with the best individual fit method, the 10000 m running velocity was overestimated (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. Three mathematical models predicted 10000 meters of race velocity when an exhaustion interval between 2-15 minutes was used. Even though the mathematically most valid CV value was obtained with the best individual fit method, it overestimated the 10000 m running velocity. When comparing the values of CV and the velocity of running 10,000 meters, our study suggests using the linear 1/velocity model. This is because the linear 1/velocity model has the smallest effect size, and there is no statistically significant difference in the total standard error level between the linear 1/velocity model and the best-fit model.
Carrying out the methodological approach of the scientific research in the Physical Education and Sport Science field
Authors: Potop Vladimir , Ciorbă Constantin , Mihaila Ion , Mihai Ilie , Mihailescu Liviu - Emanuel , Acsinte Alexandru
Published: August 2023

Background and Study Aim. The scientific research activity at the level of academic studies aims to acquire fundamental basic and deontological knowledge. The purpose of the study was to determine the progress of the scientific research approach in the field of Physical Education and Sport Science.
Material and Methods. This scientific approach was carried out in the ”Research methodology” discipline, in the bachelor’s degree for the Physical Education and Sport (PES) specialization, Sport and Motor Performance (SMP) and in the master’s degree - Sport Performance (SP). The research participants were 104 students of the Physical Education and Sport department of the University of Pitești: 82 in bachelor’s degree (48 at PES, 34 at SMP) and 22 in master’s degree (PS). The didactic activity was conducted offline and online; the monitoring was performed by means of the university e-learning platform. The research results were centralized using digital technologies. The continuous evaluation of the performance criteria was made in accordance with the requirements of the subject matter program and the instructions on the credit system and class book filling. The requirements of the activity in seminar were 3 reports, respecting the path of the work assignments. Report no. 1 – method of bibliographic study (Google academic); Report no. 2 –sociological survey (survey method, questionnaire, Google forms) and Report no.  3 –experimental research (personal contributions, scientific argumentation).
Results. The results of knowledge evaluation in bachelor’s degree reveal 3.3% better level at PES; the other indicators have a better level of success in SMP (p>0.05); the master’s degree highlights 15.25% better activity in the seminar, involvement of 82.3% in the elective and mandatory activity and 87.75% success in the final evaluation. Regarding the weight of sports disciplines in achievement of the scientific approach: 65% improved the title of the assignments (an evolution of the titles) and 35% kept the same title, but with different content. At the master’s degree, everyone respected the requirements of the discipline.
Conclusions. The scientific research approach was carried out by methodologically going through the stages of addressing the work assignments within the bibliographic study, sociological survey analysis and scientific argumentation. The theoretical knowledge was applied in accordance with the current specialized literature, the analysis of the opinions of the specialists and the use of the personal experience in the applied and development scientific research.
Predictors of Filipino physical education teachers’ intentions in the use of exercise as punishment
Authors: Tanucan Jem Cloyd , Wider Walton , Sofyan Davi
Published: August 2023

Background and Study Aim. Studies on exercise as punishment (EAP) have focused on students and coaches, but less attention has been given to the perspectives of physical education (PE) teachers. This study examined the factors that influence Filipino PE teachers' intentions to use EAP. Specifically, the study examined the role of socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to use EAP in PE classes.
Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 397 PE teachers from all 16 regions of the Philippines. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes, subjective norms, and intention to use EAP in their classes. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results. The results showed that attitude was the strongest predictor, followed by gender (male), subjective norms, and age (over 45 years). This analysis suggests that the intention to use EAP is more prevalent among males and those over 45 years. It also shows that attitudes significantly predict these intentions. This suggests that teachers who perceive exercise as a tool for improving physical fitness and enforcing adherence to rules in a physical education setting are more likely to have such intentions. In addition, respondents with higher social pressure in employing exercise as a disciplinary measure in PE classes showed greater intentions to use EAP.
Conclusions. The intention to use EAP is more prevalent among male PE teachers, those who are older, and those with positive attitudes towards exercise. Additionally, teachers who feel more social pressure to use exercise as a disciplinary measure are also more likely to intend to use EAP. These findings can be used to inform the development of PE teacher training programs and policies that promote the use of positive reinforcement and other non-punitive methods of discipline in PE classes.
Decisões de Financiamento e Retornos Anormais: Uma Análise de Companhias Brasileiras
Authors: Rocha Cesar Augusto Camargos , Camargos Marcos Antônio de
Published: August 2023

Apresenta-se, aqui, uma proposta de abordagem para o teste empírico da relação entre as escolhas de financiamento das empresas e os retornos anormais obtidos por seus acionistas. Inova-se com a incorporação de controles sobre como essa relação é afetada pelas capacidades de cada fonte de financiamento, em diferentes níveis de retornos, por meio de regressão quantílica. A estimação do modelo para uma amostra de empresas brasileiras indica a inexistência de relação significante entre retornos anormais e emissão de dívida. O mesmo ocorre entre retornos anormais e emissão de ações, com uma exceção: quando há déficit de financiamento interno que extrapola a dívida segura disponível e os retornos anormais são, ao menos, medianos, essa relação passa a ser significante e positiva. Analisados como um todo, os resultados sugerem certa indiferença às fontes de recursos utilizadas pela empresa. Destaca-se, dentre as contribuições, a incorporação dos controles aqui mencionados, que preenchem lacuna presente em análises que relacionam fluxos financeiros empresariais e retornos, na literatura revisada.
Rzetelność jako konstytucyjny wymóg jakości działania administracji publicznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Sługocki Janusz
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes reliability as a constitutional requirement of the quality of public administration in Poland. Integrity is traditionally framed within the control criteria. The second element is the regulation concerning the civil service. The third perspective is determined by the principle of reliability and efficiency of public institutions. The main purpose of the article is to determine the content of the concept of reliability used in the Constitution in these three contexts, as well as what are the differences in meaning from the perspective of the requirements for public administration, derived both from the constitutional provisions themselves, as well as from other normative acts and court decisions. In addition, the purpose of the analysis is also to determine the meaning of the constitutional concept of reliability in the Polish legal system.
Pojęcie legitymizacji na przykładzie statusu sędziego w polskim prawie konstytucyjnym
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Nowotko Paweł
Published: August 2023

The subject of the analysis is the definition of legitimacy of the systemic status of a judge. The author has previously reconstructed two lexical understandings of the term “legitimacy”, which he defined as “state” and “process,” respectively. The thesis, that the way of defining the term “legitimacy” as “process” is adequate for analyzing the legitimacy of a judge’s constitutional position is the apex for further research. The author has formulated his own definition of legitimacy, referring to the judge’s systemic status. This is a particularly momentous task given the complexity of the construct of legitimacy, as well as the prevailing terminological confusion in the doctrine. The problem of legitimacy with regard to judges is crucial not only in terms of the legitimacy of their constitutional position, but also in terms of a possible finding of lack of legitimacy, given the consequences of this.
Konstytucyjne prawo do oporu w Europie. Opracowanie prawnoporównawcze
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Skowron Radosław T.
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the article is an analysis of the right to resistance present in European constitutions, mainly in Central and Eastern Europe. The author defines the concept, indicates its origins, provides its classification and explains reasons justifying contemporary shape of this institution in fundamental laws of European states. The author, applying comparative method (according to the procedure of K. Zweigert and H. Kötza), as well as formal-dogmatic and functional methods as auxiliary means, offers a systematic summary of the results achieved due to the comparison and delivers a critical assessment of such results. The result of the research proves that the right to resistance may be deducted and conceptualized from the principle of a democratic state of law contained in the Polish constitution.
Konstytucyjna wolność przedsiębiorczości i prymat własności prywatnej a tak zwana złota akcja Skarbu Państwa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Ciapała Jerzy
Published: August 2023

The subject of the study is the special privilege of the state in companies in which – having a minority of shares – they have golden share, and therefore the ability to exert an authoritative influence on significant decisions of the company, going beyond the capital position. This means limiting the freedom of enterprise and the primacy of private property. Golden share can be understood as an attempt to reconcile the interests of private owners with an important public interest in certain sectors of the economy where the interest of the state becomes particularly important. Since it is an exception to the equal position of shareholders, its use in economic policy should be extremely rare.
Europejski akt o wolności mediów w kontekście aktywności Unii Europejskiej na rzecz poprawy jakości demokracji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warszawski, Jaskiernia Alicja
Published: August 2023

The European Union’s activity in the area of media, which has been undertaken for the past four decades, demonstrates a growing interest in the problems of the sector od media services, not only in economic terms but also in establishing regulations to strengthen their independence, pluralism and the quality of their contene. Axiological aspects, expressing the values on which the EU was built, are reflected in an important piece of legislation that was presented by the European Commission in September 2022. The European Media Freedom Act proves that issues of freedom and pluralism have become a sensitive area for the Union. The document highlights the dual nature of the media – economic players in the market and an important actor in the social areas, meant to create a sphere of civic society activities and a space for promoting the standards of liberal democracy: economic freedoms and individual liberties.
Ważenie praw i wolności konstytucyjnych w procesie sądowego stosowania prawa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Zygmunt Maciej
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the issue of the cognition of courts to weigh constitutional rights and freedoms, both in relation to vertical and horizontal relations. The view is defended that the courts are obliged to apply the weighing mechanism to constitutional rights – pursuant to Art. 31 sec. 3 and Art. 31 sec. 2 sentences 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The constitutional adequacy of the final determination of the conditional priority relationship between the competing principles of law by the legislator is being examined. It is shown that the conclusiveness and correctness of establishing this relationship require weighing the principles in concreto sensu stricto, which can only take place at the stage of judicial application of the law. However, this does not mean that there is a gap in the Polish system of protection of individual rights and freedoms.
Prawo do obrony obwinionego o popełnienie wykroczenia z perspektywy art. 42 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Sowiński Piotr K.
Published: August 2023

The text presents the problem of autonomy of proceedings in misdemeanour cases, with particular emphasis on the situation of the accused and their right to defence. The author puts forward a thesis concerning the necessity to recognise that the provision of Art. 42 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland should be applied to the accused, even though this provision refers to guarantees of the right to defence for persons appearing in criminal proceedings, and not literally for persons against whom proceedings in misdemeanour cases are conducted. The extension of constitutional guarantees to defendants is important for the defendants themselves, but also for the coherence of the justice system and court procedures, as only in this way does the constitutional benchmark of a fair trial become feasible.
Ograniczenie miarkowania odszkodowania do stosunków między osobami fizycznymi (art. 440 Kodeksu cywilnego) z punktu widzenia zasady równości wobec prawa
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Marczyk Paweł
Published: August 2023

The measure of compensation regulated by Article 440 of the Civil Code is a limitation of the principle of full compensation. This provision implies the possibility to limit the obligation to compensate for the damage if the principles of social co-existence require it. However, the application of Article 440 of the Civil Code is only possible in relations between natural persons. The provision therefore omits legal persons and “crippled” legal persons. This restriction raises questions from the point of view of the constitutional principle of equality before the law. The purpose of this article is to analyse the compatibility with the principle of equality before the law of the limitation of the mitigation of damages to relations between natural persons, to the exclusion of other private law subjects. The considerations in the article lead to the conclusion that the restriction of mitigation to relations between natural persons is unconstitutional.
The Council of Europe’s Attitude Towards New Challenges for Democracy, the Rule of Law and the Protection of Human Rights
Authors:   Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Jaskiernia Jerzy
Published: August 2023

The Council of Europe plays a special role in promoting democracy, the rule of law and the protection of human rights. The events of recent years, and especially Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, have significantly changed the conditions for the implementation of the Council of Europe’s mission. The author analyzed, based on the resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 2473 (2022) “Strengthening the role of the Council of Europe as a cornestone of the European political architecture”, the activities of the Council of Europe aimed at seeking its role in the emerging new political architecture of Europe. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine may create conditions for a new look at the opportunities offered by the Council of Europe for European development and create a climate for intensifying forms of cooperation between European international organizations in the event of new threats to European development.
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 16 lutego 2022 r., sygn. akt II OSK 128/19
Authors:   Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Kuczma Paweł
Published: August 2023

In the commented order, the Supreme Administrative Court held that the state is obliged to grant Polish citizenship to a person whose parents are of the same sex, which results from the birth certificate submitted by them, and that the implementation of this obligation does not threaten the public order of the Republic of Poland. The use of the public order clause in such a case is not legally justified and constitutes a form of discrimination against the child on the basis of the content of international instruments.
통합체육에 관한 지적 장애학생 부모의 관점과 경험
Authors:   RehabilitationInternational Korea, Lee Seo Hee , Kim Kyungjin , Samuel R. Hodge
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the beliefs and experiences of South Korean parents of former students with intellectual disabilities regarding Integrated Physical Education (PE). The research design was a multiple case study whereby four mothers of former students with intellectual disabilities were interviewed via Zoom technology. The data were transcribed in the Korean language, then translated to both Korean and English languages, and analyzed by two researchers using the thematic data analysis method. Two major themes were identified: (a) perspectives about integrated PE and (b) barriers to inclusivity. We found South Korean parents of former students with intellectual disabilities were not satisfied with the South Korean's educational system, including integrated PE. Nonetheless, the parents were supportive of their former students' engaging in physical activity and/or sports programs.
How International Style Modernism Came to Dominate in Apartheid Architecture in 1960s South Africa
Authors: Silverman Melinda
Published: August 2023

A review of Hilton Judin, Architecture, State Modernism and Cultural Nationalism in the Apartheid Capital, Routledge, The ARCHITEXT Series, Thomas A. Markus and Anthony D. King, eds. London and New York. 2021. Judin’s book captures a significant moment in South Africa’s architectural history: the economic surge of the 1960s and its attendant building boom. He explores how International Style modernism was harnessed in the design of monumental state buildings in Pretoria, the country’s administrative capital and the heartland of Afrikaner nationalism, while simultaneously being used to corral black residents into segregated dormitory townships on the city’s periphery.
Cazar un león. Una memoria crónica de Periodistas en la Carrera (2004-2021)
Authors:   Universidad EAFIT, Correa Soto Carlos Mario
Published: August 2023

La metáfora de la cacería sirve, quién lo creyera, para explicar el periodismo. Varios periodistas notables y famosos, desde García Márquez hasta Martín Caparrós, han hecho la comparación del cazador para expresar sus experiencias y sentimientos como reporteros. Todos coinciden en que en el buen oficio hay instinto, intuición, pálpito, olfato, destreza. Y que para encontrar la almendra de la historia se necesita astucia. Y también acecho, pues el reportero espera y observa con un propósito: narrar. Al final, con suerte, habrá cazado su león: tendrá una buena crónica o un buen reportaje o una buena entrevista… y a la jornada siguiente tendrá que hacerlo todo otra vez. Emprender una nueva cacería. Este volumen reúne textos que son resultado de dieciocho ediciones de Periodistas en la Carrera ­─no a la carrera­─, una suerte de maratón de prácticas de periodismo que el pregrado de Comunicación Social de EAFIT organiza desde 2004 con el fin de foguear a los estudiantes en lo más elemental del oficio: la reportería. En cada ejercicio los reporteros en ciernes salen “a las praderas de cemento” para su primera cacería real, y aún novatos se exponen física y emocionalmente a personajes, hechos, testigos, testimonios y, sobre todo, a las carreras contra el reloj del cierre de edición. Reciben la cátedra magistral de la calle y, al mismo tiempo, atraviesan el ritual iniciático de la sala de redacción.
Effect of Online Vinyasa Training on Housewives’ Lower and Upper Body Endurance: A Randomized Post-Pandemic Covid-19 Trial
Authors: Singh Vikas , Singh Mahendra Kumar , Krishna Nibu R. , Bhutia Tenzing Norzom , Das Rajdeep , Ciocan Vasile Catalin , Rajpurohit Ravindra Singh
Published: August 2023

Study purpose. The COVID-19 pandemic has a considerable impact on social and financial factors in addition to health outcomes. There is, however, still little information available as to how Covid-19 actually impacted housewives. Consequently, this paper aims to provide a new dimension to the study of how vinyasa could support mothers’ fitness throughout the pandemic. This study sought to determine whether an online vinyasa programme for 8 weeks during Covid-19 pandemic could significantly influence housewives’ upper and lower body muscle endurance. Materials and methods. 24 housewives (between the ages of 26 and 36) from the NCR region of Delhi participated in the study. The participants were divided at random and put either into the experimental group (vinyasa) or the control group. Both upper and lower body muscular endurance was found to be the health-related variable. The longest-lasting bent knee push-ups were used to gauge upper body muscular endurance, while the longest-lasting bodyweight squat holds over a 90-degree angle were used to gauge lower body muscle endurance. Results. To analyse the findings, tests were run both prior to and following the training. A substantial difference between the experimental group and control group was found using ANCOVA to compare them to the baseline after 8 weeks. Conclusions. Thus, it was determined that the online/virtual vinyasa training programme was a successful way for housewives to increase  their body muscular endurance (health-related fitness).
Increasing the Reliability of Test Control Using Information Technologies in Inclusive Physical Education
Authors: Blavt Oksana , Iedynak Gennadii , Pereverzieva Svitlana , Holub Viktor , Melnyk Svitlana
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability and validity of a method developed on the basis of information technologies to control the strength endurance of the core muscles of students with disabilities.
Materials and methods. 38 students with disabilities, aged 18–23, who entered the first year of study at the university, voluntarily participated in the study. The studied sample consisted of students with a simple form of disorder in the musculoskeletal system, who have the ability to move independently and perform motor actions. An information-search approach to data collection was used at the theoretical level, and pedagogical testing and methods of mathematical statistics were used at the empirical level.
Results. A method for assessing the strength endurance of the core muscles developed on the basis of information technologies is presented. To implement the method, a network of sensors formed by analog and digital sensors, wireless infrared communication devices, information from which enters the programmable logic controller and is fed to the personal computer, is used. The software has been developed that implements immediate processing and presentation of test control results in real-time. Correlation analysis was used to calculate the indicators of test reliability and validity of fixing the results of tests using the method presented in this paper and the traditional method.
Conclusions. Experimental verification of the presented method for controlling the development of the core muscles of students with disabilities has proven its practical effectiveness. In conclusion, the numerical values of reliability and validity obtained using the automated method of countering are within the range of “above average,” in contrast to the measurements made by the traditional method of control using a test exercise: the calculation of test reliability and validity revealed a level of “below average.” The set of obtained numerical characteristics of empirical data proved the advantage of using the latest information technologies in inclusive physical education as a factor of its effectiveness. Achieving positive results in ensuring the proper level of health, full physical and psychological rehabilitation of higher education students with disabilities is considered as a practical value of implementing inclusion in a higher education institution.
Preparation and storage stability of amla (Phyllanthus emblica) based
instant pulihora mix - a South Indian traditional food condiment
Authors: Pamidighantam Prabhakara Rao , Bojja Usha Kiran , Galla Narsing Rao , Guruguntla Sulochanamma , Korra Srinivasulu , Dasari Madhusudhan Rao , Kripanand Sathiya Mala
Published: August 2023

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica Linn) is an important crop, indigenous to Indian subcontinent, which is used in alternative medicine, health foods and herbal products. An attempt was made to add value to the highly perishable and seasonable raw material and produce a convenient, shelf stable instant mix for south Indian cuisines. The standardized instant amla pulihora mix (APM) consisted of amla powder (AP, 26%), roasted ground nuts, bengal gram, black gram, green chili, salt (18%) and spices. The titrable acidity of amla powder and amla pulihora mix was 15.1 and 6.4%, respectively. Amla pulihora mix was a rich source of Ca (191.18 mg/100 g), Fe (21.19 mg/100 g) and a considerable amount of proteins (11.2%). The total polyphenol content in amla powder and the amla pulihora mix was found to be 9989 and 3093 mg/100 g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that tannic acid and ascorbic acid contents of amla powder were 8102.1, 1601.21 mg/100 g, respectively, and ascorbic acid in amla pulihora mix was found to be 440.21 mg/100 g. Retention of ascorbic acid was higher in the amla pulihora mix (84%), when compared to amla powder (22%), over a storage period of six months. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of amla powder and the amla pulihora mix, as assayed by DPPH and ABTS, were 0.7 and 0.2 mg/ml and 0.28 and 0.17 mg/ml, respectively. Sensory evaluation of the amla pulihora mix indicated that the product was highly acceptable, when mixed with cooked rice in the ratio of 1: 6.9 w/w. The shelf-life of the product was 6 months with a sensory acceptability score of 8. The equilibrium moisture content- relative humidity studies indicated that both the amla powder and amla pulihora mix were non-hygroscopic and stable at room temperature (28±2 °C) up to 6 months when packed in metalized polyester polyethylene pouches. Microbiological analysis indicated both products as safe for consumption up to 6 months storage.