bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Risk Factors of Kawasaki Disease With Coronary Artery Lesions
Authors: Hu Jinling , Ren Weidong
Published: June 2021

Objective:To identify factors predictive of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods:The clinical data of 420 children with KD who were hospitalized between January 2018 and December 2020 were retrospectively evaluated after assignment to groups by the presence of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), coronary artery dilation (CAD), or no CALs. The association between coronary artery damage and patient clinical and laboratory values was investigated by pairwise comparison of the three groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors. The predictive value of patient variables for development of CAA and CAD was estimated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results:CALs occurred in 17.6% (94/420) of children with KD. Duration of fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, intravenous immune globulin resistance, immunoglobulin (Ig)A, procalcitonin, hemoglobin (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and others differed between patients with CALs and without CALs and were significantly associated with the development of CAA and CAD. The largest area under the curve was for combined CAA or CAD indicators, 0.851 for CAA (sensitivity of 68.09% and specificity of 60.62%) and 0.714 for CAD (sensitivity of 65.96% and specificity of 70.77%). Fever of >7 days before treatment was predictive of severe CAA or CAD.Conclusion:Fever duration, ESR, IgA, Hb, and cervical lymphadenopathy were independent risk factors of CAA; CRP, ESR, and cervical lymphadenopathy were independent risk factors of CAD, with combined factors having increased sensitivity and specificity. Early, active treatment is essential to reduce the occurrence of CALs.
Contrasting Ability of Deep and Shallow Rooting Rice Genotypes to Grow Through Plough Pans Containing Biopores and Cracks
Authors: Islam Md. Dhin , Price Adam H. , Hallett Paul D.
Published: June 2021

Aims Cracks and biopores in compacted soil such as plough pans could aid deep rooting, mitigating constraints to seasonal upland use of paddy fields for rice production. This research investigated how soil macropores through a simulated plough pan affects root growth of contrasting deep and shallow rooting rice genotypes.Methods Deep rooting Black Gora and shallow rooting IR64 rice varieties were grown in packed cores of unsaturated soil in a controlled greenhouse. Artificial biopores and cracks (macropores) were inserted through the plough pan to form treatments with no macropores, biopores, cracks, and combined cracks and biopores. Different root parameters such as root length density (RLD), root volume, root diameter, number of root tips and branches were measured. The number of roots was calculated manually, including the number of roots growing through macropores in the plough pan layer.Results Plough pans with macropores had 25-32 % more roots than with no macropores. RLD was 55 % greater in the plough pan layer if cracks were present compared to biopores. Conversely, RLD was 26 % less in subsoil if the plough pan had cracks compared to biopores. Different root parameters were greatly influenced by the presence of macropores in the plough pan, and deep-rooted Black Gora produced 81% greater RLD, 30 % more root numbers and 103 % more branching than the shallow rooted rice genotype IR64 within the plough pan layer.Conclusions Macropores greatly improve rice root growth through plough pans for a deep rooting but not shallow rooting rice variety. Whereas cracks produce a greater number of roots in the plough pan, biopores result in greater root branching and root numbers deeper in subsoil.
Genetic Variations of Plasmodium Falciparum Histidine-rich Protein 2 and 3 in Assosa Zone, Ethiopia: Its Impact on the Performance of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Alemayehu Gezahegn Solomon , Messele Alebachew , Lopez Karen , Lo Eugenia , Janies Daniel , Golassa Lemu
Published: June 2021

Background: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) are commonly used for the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, false negative results of RDT caused by genetic variations of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes (pfhrp2/3) threaten existing malaria case management and control efforts. The main objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variations of the pfhrp2/3 genes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from malaria symptomatic individuals in 2018 in Assosa zone, Ethiopia. Finger prick samples were collected for RDT and microscopic examination of thick and thin blood films. Dried blood spots (DBS) were used for genomic parasite DNA extraction and molecular detection. Amplification of parasite DNA was made by quantitative PCR. DNA amplicons of pfhrp2/3 were purified and sequenced. Results: The PfHRP2 repeat type isolates were less conserved compared to the PfHRP3 repeat type. A total of eleven and eight different PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 amino acid repeat types were identified, respectively. Type 1, 4 and 7 repeats were shared by PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 isolates. Type 2 repeats were found only in PfHRP2, while types 16 and 17 were found only in PfHRP3 with a high frequency in all isolates. 18 novel repeat types were found in PfHRP2 and 13 novel repeat types were found in PfHRP3 in single or multiple copies per isolate. The positivity rate for PfHRP2 RDT was high, 82.9% in PfHRP2 and 84.3 % in PfHRP3 sequence isolate at parasitemia levels >250 parasites/µl. Using the Baker model, 100 % of the isolates in group A and 73.7% of the isolates in group B were predicted to be detected by PfHRP2 RDT at parasitemia level> 250 parasite/μl. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the presence of different PfHRP2 and PfHRP3 amino acid repeat including novel repeats in P. falciparum from Ethiopia. These results indicate that there is a need to closely monitor the performance of PfHRP2 RDT associated with the genetic variation of the pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene in P. falciparum isolates at the country-wide level.
"More Air – Better Performance – Faster Recovery": Study Protocol for Randomised Controlled Trial of the Effect of Post-stroke Inspiratory Muscle Training for Adults
Authors: Sørensen Susanne Lillelund , Kjeldsen Simon Svanborg , Mortensen Sine Secher , Hansen Ulla Torp , Hansen Dorthe , Pedersen Asger Roger , Pallesen Hanne
Published: June 2021

Background: Stroke results in varying physical, cognitive, emotional and/or social disabilities in the short and long term alike. Motor impairments are important, persistent consequences of stroke and include, among others, decreased respiratory muscle function, decreased ability to expand the thorax and postural dysfunction. These deficits affect the patient's ability to perform daily activities, produce fatigue and reduce endurance and quality of life. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) aims to improve the strength and endurance of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles. The objective of this study was to investigate i) the effect of three weeks of IMT on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) in adults having suffered a stroke, and ii) the effects of three weeks of IMT on the degree of dependency in activities of daily living, endurance in gait, fatigue, voice volume, phonation endurance and expiratory function.Methods/Design: This is a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing IMT with conventional neurorehabilitation (usual practise). The trial will include 80 patients with reduced MIP hospitalised at a specialised neurorehabilitation hospital in Denmark. The intervention group will receive IMT sessions, exercising at 30% of MIP. Patients in the intervention group will perform two daily sessions (one session of IMT with Threshold IMT consisting of two times 15 inspirations at normal breathing rhythm (5-10 min)), seven days a week for three weeks. Training can be with or without physiotherapist supervision. Study outcomes: MIP assessed by the Power Breath, Functional Independence Measurement, The 6-minute Walk Test, the Fatigue Severity Scale and average voice volume. Expiratory function will be assessed using spirometry. All assessments will be conducted at baseline and three weeks (at termination of the intervention) and three months after the intervention has concluded.Discussion: The primary purpose of this study is to assess the effect of IMT interventions in patients with reduced MIP following stroke; secondarily, to assess the effect of IMT on the degree of dependency in activities of daily living, endurance in gait, fatigue, voice volume, phonation endurance and expiratory capacity. Hereby, this study accepts the call for further research.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04686019. Registered 28.12.2020, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04686019
Higher Long-term Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability Predicts New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hsu Jung-Chi , Yang Yen-Yun , Chuang Shu-Lin , Yu Chih-Chieh , Lin Lian-Yu
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glycemic variability (GV) is associated with risk of micro- and macrovascular diseases. However, whether the GV can increase the risk of AF remains unknown.MethodsThe cohort study used a database from National Taiwan University Hospital, a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 27246 adult patients with T2DM were enrolled for analysis. Each individual was assessed to determine the coefficients of variability of fasting glucose (FGCV) and HbA1c variability score (HVS). The GV parameters were categorized into quartiles. Multivariate Cox regression models were employed to estimate the relationship between the GV parameters and the risk of AF, transient ischemic accident (TIA)/ischemic stroke and mortality in patients with T2DM.ResultsThe incidence rates of AF and TIA/ischemic stroke were 21.31 and 13.71 per 1000 person-year respectively. The medium follow-up period was 70.7 months. In Cox regression model with full adjustment, the highest quartiles of FGCV was not associated with increased risk of AF (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-1.29, p=0.165) or TIA/ischemic stroke (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.82-1.29, p=0.821), but was associated with increased risk of total mortality (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.13-1.60, p<0.001) and non-cardiac mortality (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.17-1.72, p<0.001). The highest HVS was significantly associated with increased risk of AF (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.48, p<0.001), total mortality (HR: 2.44, 95% CI: 2.04-2.91, p<0.001), cardiac mortality (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04-2.10, p=0.028) and non-cardiac mortality (HR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.31-3.14, p<0.001) but was not associated with TIA/ischemic stroke (HR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.79-1.26, p=0.989). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significantly higher risk of AF, cardiac and non-cardiac mortality according to the magnitude of GV(log-rank<0.001). ConclusionsHigher GV is independently associated with the development of new-onset AF in patients with T2DM. Reducing GV may be a potential new therapeutic target to prevent AF.
Bowel Endometriosis Presenting With Massive Ascites Relapses in Ovaries: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Bao Yiting , Huang Wu , Yao Liangqing , Yuan Lei
Published: June 2021

Background: About 10% reproductive aged women are affected by endometriosis. Deep infiltrative endometriosis (DIE) is the most severe form of endometriosis which has a high risk of recurrence. Bowel is the most common extragenital involved organ. The clinical features of bowel endometriosis vary by location, size, and infiltrative depth of lesions, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. Endometriosis presenting with massive ascites is rare and hard to diagnose before histopathology. There are no authoritative guidelines on the management of DIE at present. Case presentation: A 37-year-old woman presenting with massive ascites and pelvic mass was diagnosed with bowel endometriosis after laparoscopy. Bowel resection and anastomosis followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) therapy was performed. Two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices and two levonorgestrel-releasing subcutaneous silastic implants were inserted subsequently. Recurrence was found in bilateral ovaries 25 months after surgery. Cystectomy of bilateral ovarian cysts, bilateral salpingectomy and postoperative GnRH-a therapy was performed. The patient showed no recurrence at follow-up by May 2021 (22 months).Conclusions: In the presence of massive ascites and pelvic mass, DIE should be considered as a differential diagnosis for ovarian cancer. Endometriosis in different organs may have different pathogenesis, which leads to different treatment focus. On the basis of complete resection and postoperative GnRH-a therapy, our application of high dose levonorgestrel-releasing systems creatively improves the treatment effect of bowel endometriosis. The mechanism of recurrent endometriosis that occurs in different organs may relate to lymph node involvement and individual immune state.
The Platelet-activating Factor Receptor’s Association with the Outcome of Ovarian Cancer Patients and its Experimental Inhibition by Rupatadine
Authors: Deuster Eileen , Hysenaj Ivi , Kahaly Maja , Schmoeckel Elisa , Mayr Doris , Beyer Susanne , Kolben Thomas , Hester Anna , Kraus Fabian , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Burges Alexander , Mahner Sven , Jeschke Udo , Trillsch Fabian , Czogalla Bastian
Published: June 2021

The platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) and its ligand (PAF) are important inflammatory mediators that are overexpressed in ovarian cancer. The receptor is an important player in ovarian cancer development. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PAFR in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the potential use of its antagonist, Rupatadine as an experimental treatment.
Tissue microarrays of ovarian cancer patients, most markedly those with a non-mucinous subtype, immunohistochemically overexpressed PAFR. Elevated cytoplasmic PAFR expression was found to significantly and independently impair patients’ overall and recurrence-free survival (OS: median 83.48 vs. 155.03 months; p=0.022; RFS: median 164.46 vs. 78.03 months; p=0.015). In vitro, especially the serous ovarian cancer subtypes displayed an elevated PAFR gene and protein expression. siRNA knockdown of PAFR decreased cell proliferation significantly, thus confirming the receptor's protumorigenic effect on ovarian cancer cells. The clinically approved PAFR antagonist Rupatadine effectively inhibited in vitro cell proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. PAFR is a prognostic marker in ovarian cancer patients and its inhibition through Rupatadine may have important therapeutic implications in the therapy of ovarian cancer patients.
A Precise Carbon and Oxygen Abundance Determination in a Hot Jupiter Atmosphere
Authors: Line Michael , Brogi Matteo , Bean Jacob , Gandhi Siddharth , Zalesky Joseph , Parmentier Viven , Smith Peter , Mace Gregory , Mansfield Megan , Kempton Eliza , Fortney Jonathan , Shkolnik Evgenya , Patience Jennifer , Rauscher Emily , Desert Jean-Michel , Wardenier Jooost
Published: June 2021

The origins of gas giant planets orbiting close to their host stars (``hot Jupiters'') remain a mystery despite more than a quarter-century of study (Fortney et al. 2021). The atmospheric compositions of these planets are highly sought after to provide insight to their formation location in protoplanetary disks, how they migrated to be so close to their host stars, and the relative role of solid versus gas accretion during their assembly (Madhusudhan 2019). However, simultaneous, bounded constraints on both carbon and oxygen abundances, which are key for understanding giant planet formation (Oeberg et al. 2011, Mordasini et al. 2016, Madhusudhan et al. 2017,Cridland et al. 2016), have been elusive (Kreidberg et al. 2014,Wakeford et al. 2018,Pelletier et al. 2021). Here, we report precise abundance measurements of both water and carbon monoxide in a hot Jupiter atmosphere via ground-based, high resolution spectroscopy. From these constraints on the primary carbon- and oxygen-bearing molecules, paired with upper limits on other minor volatile elemental carriers, we are able to derive the atmospheric elemental metal enrichment (metallicity) and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O). The inferred atmospheric metallicity is slightly sub-stellar (-0.48$+0.15/-0.13) and the C/O is consistent with stellar (0.59 ±0.08). The former is suggestive of a metal-depleted atmosphere relative to expectations based on extrapolation from the solar system, indicative of a greater partitioning of metals within the core vs the atmosphere. The C/O constraint rules out gas-dominated accretion followed by disk free migration. Taken together in the context of past inferences, these results point to a diversity of planetary atmospheric compositions in addition to the observed diversity of planetary system architectures.
Serum PTH associated with malnutrition determined by bioelectrical impedance technology in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Liu Lilin , Wang Lulu , Wang Xiao , Xiong Mingxia , Cao Hongdi , Jiang Lei , Yang Junwei
Published: June 2021

Background: Chronic malnutrition and cachexia are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), and importance should be given to these complications because they affect the patient’s quality of life and the prognosis. This sudy analyze the correlation between serum PTH level and nutritional status and body composition of patients with CKD. Methods: CKD patients were enrolled in Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 1, 2016 to November 30, 2020. Bioelectrical impedance technology was applied to examine body composition. The characteristics of the body composition were compared among different stage of CKD patients, then the correlation between PTH and the body composition was analyzed. Results: 205 CKD patients were enrolled. Twenty-five patients were in stage 1 or 2 CKD, 78 patients were in stage 3 or 4, 31 patients were in stage 5 without dialysis (referred to as CKD stage 5A), and 71 patients were in stage 5 with dialysis (referred to as CKD stage 5B). Body composition analysis showed that the patients had a phase angle (PA) of 5.02 ± 1.07°, a percentage of body fat (PBF) of 27.74 ± 8.8%, and a skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of 7.4 ± 1.34 kg/m 2. PBF peaked in the CKD stage 3/4 group and gradually decreased with the progression of CKD. PA and SMI differed significantly between the CKD stage 1/2 and stage 5B groups. The proportion of low SMI did not differ significantly between the CKD stage 1/2 and stage 3/4 groups, but it was obviously higher in the CKD stage 5A and 5B groups. PTH was significantly correlated with BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and SMI .Binary logistic regression of low SMI showed that the odds ratio for PTH levels greater than the upper limit of the normal range was 11.769 (p = 0.043, 95% confidence interval: 1.078–128.536), and the model predictive power was 0.986 after correction for age, sex, height, weight, hemoglobin, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and basal metabolic rate. Conclusion: Bioelectrical impedance can effectively assess the nutritional status of CKD patients in terms of fat and muscle parameters. High levels of PTH are an independent risk factor for developing low SMI in CKD patients.
"Struggling to Bridge the Intergeneration Gap": Iranian Parents’ approaches to their Adolescent Sons’ Sexual Upbringing-a qualitative study
Authors: Rouhparvar zahra , javadnoori mojgan , Shahali Shadab
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChildren's sexual education has an important role in adolescent sexual health; however sexual upbringing is one of the most challenging dimensions of education for families, especially in Muslim societies experiencing transition to modernity. There is little information about sexuality upbringing for boys in Iran. The present study aimed to explain parents' strategies in the sexual upbringing of adolescent boys in Iran. MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted in 2017 in Ahvaz, Iran. The qualitative data were collected through a purposeful sampling method, with a maximum variation by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews and focused group discussions with 27 parents from the middle/high social class having 10-19-year-old adolescent sons. Qualitative data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. ResultsParents' strategies for their sons’ sexuality upbringing emerged in five categories: control, monitoring, and restriction; abstinence as the main content of sexual upbringing; endeavoring for peace and tolerance; Criticizing the pathologic attitude to sexual instinct; and hope for social learning. The theme "Struggling to bridge the inter-generation gap" emerged from the categories. Conclusion Iranian parents are facing uncertainty regarding sexual education for their adolescent boys. All approaches finally resulted in abstinence. Abstinence is the central concept in their sexuality upbringing style for their sons. so, sexual relationship is a red line issue in sexuality upbringing. Their conservative peaceful approach tries to reduce the intergeneration gap.
AQP9 expression and phosphorylation affect arsenic uptake and tolerance in human liver hepatocellular cells
Authors: Chen Rong , Wang Xiaozhen , Wang Qianqian , Hong Yu , Xu Xianrong , Yang Jun , Lian Fuzhi , Cao Yifei
Published: June 2021

Background

Little is known about the signaling mechanisms involved in arsenic tolerance or detoxification, although the water channel protein aquaporin-9 (AQP9) and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway have putative roles. Elucidation of the mechanisms of resistance in mammalian cells would be helpful in developing effective, arsenic-based therapeutic strategies.
Methods

The association between AQP9 and arsenic accumulation and tolerance was investigated in arsenic-sensitive human liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) and arsenic-resistant HepG2 (AsHepG2) cells.
Results

The IC50 value for arsenic of AsHepG2 cells (15.59 µM) was significantly higher than that of HepG2 cells (7.33 µM; Ρ < 0.05), and AsHepG2 cells accumulated significantly low levels of arsenic after treatment with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2; Ρ < 0.01). Arsenic accumulation in AsHepG2 cells reached a plateau 6 h after treatment, while in HepG2 cells it continued to increase throughout the experimental period. Additionally, intracellular arsenic accumulation in AQP9-overexpressing AsHepG2 cells significantly increased within 10 h of treatment, whereas in HepG2 cells it increased throughout the experimental period. The level of AQP9 protein in AsHepG2 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not markedly different in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, after NaAsO2 treatment the level of phosphorylated AQP9 and p38 was significantly increased with time in the two cell lines. Partial inhibition of p38 activity by the specific inhibitor SB203580 did not significantly affect AQP9 protein expression or phosphorylation.
Conclusion

AQP9 expression and its state of phosphorylation are closely related to arsenic uptake and may regulate cellular arsenic tolerance by reducing its uptake rate. p38 may have a limited role in the regulation of AQP9 phosphorylation in AsHepG2 cells.
The role of surgical access in retroperitoneal sarcoma resection - a retrospective study
Authors: Aeschbacher Pauline , Kollár Attila , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido , Lachenmayer Anja
Published: June 2021

Background
Retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is a rare disease often requiring multi-visceral and wide margin resections. Midline incision seems to be the access of choice. Up to now there is no evidence for the best surgical access. This study aimed to analyze the oncological outcome according to the incision used for the resection.
Methods
All patients treated for RPS between 2007 and 2018 at the Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine of the University Hospital Bern and receiving a RPS resection in curative intent were included. Patient- and treatment specific factors as well as local recurrence-free survival was analyzed in correlation with the type of surgical access used.
Results
Thirty-five patients were treated for RPS at our center. The majority received their primary RPS resection at a tertiary medical center (n = 23) the rest of the resection were performed in an external non-tertiary institution (n = 12). Median tumor size was 24 cm. Resections were performed via a midline laparotomy (MI = 31) or flank incision (FI = 4). All FI were performed at a non-tertiary center and received no multi-visceral resection. In ML the macroscopically complete resection (R0/1) rate was 83.9% and 25% in FI (p = 0.021). The local recurrence rate after R0/1 resection was 100% in FI and 61.5% in ML (p = 1.00). Early recurrence or local disease progression was present in 50% of FI compared to 0% in ML (p = 0.01). The median recurrence-free survival after R0/1 resection was lower in FI (p < 0.001) and in patients operated in a non-tertiary center (p = 0.27).
Conclusions
FI with limited exposure of the retroperitoneum and no access to the visceral organs as well as resection at a non-tertiary center are associated worse outcome in RPS surgery.
Synchronized Activation of Brain Waves by Singing Bowl Beating Sounds
Authors: Kim Seong Chan , Choi Min Joo
Published: June 2021

This study aims to verify if the beating sound of a singing bowl synchronizes and activates brain waves. The singing bowl sound used in this experiment strongly beats at the frequency of 6.68 Hz, while it decays exponentially and lasts for about 50 sec. Brain waves were measured for 5 min at the F3 and F4 region of the 17 subjects who heard the beating singing bowl sounds. Experimental results showed that the increases (up to ~ 251 %) in the spectral magnitudes of the brain waves were dominant at the beat frequency, compared to those of any other clinical brain wave frequency bands. The observed synchronized activation of the brain wave at the beating sound frequency supports that the singing bowl sound may effectively facilitate meditation and relaxation, considering that the beat frequency belongs to theta waves which increases in the relaxed meditation state.
Effects of introducing weaned heifers to freestall housing on growth performance and behavior
Authors: Akbarian-Tefaghi Majid , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Ghaffari Morteza Hosseini
Published: June 2021

This study evaluated the effects of two housing types (freestalls vs. bedded-pack) on growth performance and behavior of weaned heifers, with no previous experience with freestalls. Heifers (12 heifers/ treatment) were randomly assigned to each treatment at d 80 ± 3 of age. Heifers had free access to diets and water throughout the experiment. The ADG, structural growth, and final body weight were not affected by the housing type. Also, there was no difference in overall DMI between treatments, but the freestall-housed heifers had greater DMI than those housed in bedded-pack during the last 5 d of the study. There were no differences in any behavioral patterns of drinking, standing, and lying time between heifers housed in freestalls than those housed in bedded-pack. The lengths of rumination bouts were less for freestall-housed heifers than those housed in bedded-pack on day 110. Heifers spent less time lying in the freestalls on day 85 compared to day 110 when they get accustomed to using freestall housing. In summary, our results indicate that the growth performance of weaned heifers were not affected by housing type; however, housing heifers in fresstalls can prepare them for using the freestalls facility for a short period.
Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptomic analysis reveals the common and individual responses of zebrafish embryos exposed to four types of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
Authors: Deng Shun , Zhang Enming , Zhao Yunyang , Wang Yan , Yang Zezhong , Liu Baiming , Liu Li , Zheng Bingxin , Mu Xiaoyuan , Yuan Kezhu , Deng Xuangen , Shen Hai , Rong Haibo , Pei Desheng , Fu Ailing , Li Xia
Published: June 2021

Background: Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have great potential for bioimaging, biosensor, drug carrier, theranostics, and are recently reported as therapeutic agents to treat amylosis and inflammation. Most types of GQDs have proven low toxicity in previous studies, but data about the transcriptomic responses of in vivo systems exposed to various GQDs remains largely unknown. Results: We examined the mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression changes of zebrafish embryos exposed to four types of GQDs at a safe concentration (100 µg/mL), respectively as raw graphene quantum dots (R-GQDs), graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), carboxyl GQDs (C-GQDs), and aminated GQDs (A-GQDs). The four GQDs elicited the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in a decreasing order of A-GQDs, GOQDs, C-GQDs and R-GQDs to act on protein folding, potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) channels, and spliceosome to varying degrees. Among the four GQDs, A-GQDs caused more genotoxic effects associated with lipid and hormone metabolism, MAPK signaling pathway, complement system, and ferropotosis. miRNA-seq data revealed that GOQDs aroused more differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), far exceed the total number of DEMs induced by the other three GQDs. dre-miR-735-5p and its potentially interactive gene-myogenin (myog) were identified as the only negatively-correlated miRNA-target gene pair shared by the four GQDs treatments. Conclusion: Taken together, this study provided substantial data underlying the common and specific transcriptomic responses of in vivo systems exposed to various types of GQDs, and also indicated the potential medicinal values of GQDs for ion antagonists and spliceosome-targeted therapies.
Der Wegfall der Personenfreizügigkeit aufgrund des Brexits — Bestandesaufnahme der Beziehung Schweiz-UK
Authors: Steller Sofie
Published: June 2021

Am 1. Januar 2021 fiel zwischen der Schweiz und dem Vereinigten Königreich durch den Brexit das Freizügigkeitsabkommen (FZA) weg. Mit dem 2019 abgeschlossenen Abkommen über die erworbenen Rechte der Bürgerinnen und Bürger sollen die nach Art. 23 FZA erworbenen Ansprüche geregelt und ausgestaltet werden. Grossteils bewahrt das neue Abkommen im Bereich der Freizügigkeit die Regelungen aus dem FZA, in gewissen Aspekten gestaltet es sich aber auch restriktiver, wobei sich die Frage nach dem Verhältnis zu Art. 23 stellt. Für Personen, die keine erworbenen Ansprüche haben, kommt ein vollständig neues Regime zur Anwendung. So gibt es zwar ein befristetes Abkommen für die Dienstleistungserbringung. Im Übrigen wurde jedoch kein umfassendes Migrationsabkommen abgeschlossen und es kommen die nationalen Regelungen zur Anwendung. Insgesamt sind die Möglichkeiten zur Migration zwischen den beiden Ländern sehr viel begrenzter geworden.

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Le 1er janvier 2021, la libre circulation des personnes entre la Suisse et le Royaume-Uni en vertu de l'ALCP cesse de s'appliquer en raison du Brexit. L'accord sur les droits acquis des citoyens conclu en 2019 a pour but de réglementer et de structurer les droits acquis en vertu de l'art. 23 ALCP. Pour l'essentiel, le nouvel accord conserve les dispositions de l'ALCP dans le domaine de la libre circulation des personnes, mais il est également plus restrictif sur certains points, ce qui soulève la question de la relation avec l'article 23. Pour les personnes qui n'ont pas de droits acquis, un tout nouveau régime s'applique. En effet, il existe un accord temporaire relatif aux prestations de services. Dans tous les autres domaines, cependant, aucun accord global de migration n'a été conclu et les réglementations nationales s'appliquent. Globalement, les possibilités de migration entre les deux pays sont devenues beaucoup plus limitées.
THE PREVALENCE OF EXTENDED-SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES AND AMBLER CLASS C BETA-LACTAMASES IN ENUGU AND EBONYI STATES OF NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Education, Eha Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria., Eze Chikwere
Published: June 2021

Over the years, antibiotics have been among the primary drugs used to treat or prevent infections in animals and humans. Over the years, ESBL and AmpC producing isolates have become common microorganisms in medical institutions. They have contributed immensely to the clinical challenges caused by nosocomial infections with minimal therapeutic options.The present study investigated the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and Ambler class C beta-lactamases in the Enugu and Ebonyi States of Nigeria. A total of fifty isolates comprising 27 clinical and 23 environmental isolates were screened and observed for the presence of ESBL and AmpC producing isolates. The production of either of the two enzymes was detected by observing zones of inhibition in diameter. The findings showed the presence of ESBL and AmpC producing isolates in the clinical and environmental samples tested. The study concludes that ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamases production by resistant bacterial isolates (especially the Gram-negatives) remain the prevalent mechanism in bacterial resistance to beta-lactam drugs. The study recommends that adequate and appropriate detection and monitoring of ESBL and AmpC producing enzymes within the communities.
THE ROLE OF HEALTH OUTCOMES ON C, ALBICANS, AND T, VAGINALISPREVALENCE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Basic Science, Institute of Management and Technology Enugu, Nigeria., O.C. Aniekwu Bernard
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of diabetes, hypertension, prolonged use of antibiotics and use of contraceptives on pregnant women with C. albicans and T. vaginalis infections. Three hundred and thirty-six vaginal specimens were collected from pregnant women through their consulting physicians in the selected health institutions within the study parameter. The test result revealed that only one hundred and thirteen of the total vaginal specimens tested positive for C. albicans, while seventeen tested positive for T. vaginalis. However, data from the questionnaire relating to health outcomes revealed that mostly the reported health positions were from the participants diagnosed with candidiasis. Only a few with trichomoniasis reported any of the health outcomes. The study concluded that the health conditions studied were correlated with the prevalence of infections among pregnant women in Nigerias South-East.
TRAFFIC MORTALITY, MORTALITY AWARENESS, AND ATTITUDE TO ROAD SAFETY
Authors:   Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria., a Patience , Ugwuegede N. ,   Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria., T. Ugwu Kelechi ,   Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria.
Published: June 2021

Road traffic accidents in Nigeria are increasing at an alarming rate and have raised one of the countrys primary concerns. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mortality awareness on attitude towards road safety. This studys main objective is to ascertain if subtle reminder of traffic mortality will influence road usersattitudes towards road safety. One hundred and three (n=103) road users from public bus terminals, and private car parking garages in the Enugu State of Nigeria participated in this study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected using a modified version of the Attitude towards Safe Driving Scale (ASDS) and a scale developed to trigger mortality thoughts. The regression analysis conducted on the data established a positive association between a subtle reminder of mortality and attitude towards road safety at F (1,101), 367.67, P<.000. More so, an adjusted R2of .547 indicates that mortality reminders accounted for 54.7% of the variation in attitude towards road safety. The study concluded that mortality reminders are essential in controlling traffic-related accidents and violations. The practical implication and recommendations are discussed.
THE DATA REDUCTION USING MATLAB FOR DIFFERENT SPECKLE IMAGES FORM SMALL SURFACES ROUGHNESS
Authors:   Demonstrator at Fcis, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Karamanii M. , Elghandoor H- ,   Professor Doctor at Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Ramadan H. ,   Professor Doctor at Fcis, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Published: June 2021

The so-called laser speckles are bright spots and dark spots formed when a coherent ray is incident on a rough surface which scattered randomly in all directions, the interference of these scattered rays form these bright and dark spots (Laser Speckles).In this paper we are concerned with the formation of Objective speckles calculations. Using MATLAB the image can be converted into binary object (0 and 1) as the speckle spots intensities are dark and bright, respectively.To simplify the calculations, two processes (transform and predictive) may be used, and according to the loss of many data for the using of predictive process, the transform process is considered.The calculations are based on the evaluation on small roughness of surfaces in range 0.1 â€“ 1 Î¼m, on the same footing the contrast was considered in the range from zero to one.Fraunhofer diffraction Unfortunately, no calculations in this field had been done from other researchers.
THE ANTI SARS-COV-2 VACCINES AND THE QUESTIONSTHEY RAISE
Authors: H. Labidi , MD , PhD. Abdel
Published: June 2021

Since it was first reported in late 2019, SARS-Cov-2 had a global impact on human physical and mental health, as well as on their social life and economic endeavor. In one year, the virus has infected over 115 million people, killed almost 2.6 million of them and left many others with long-term health sequelae. The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare systems, interrupted routine care and prevented patientsfollow-up. All these factors led to increased mortality from other chronic diseases. Further, the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic has caused an unprecedented disruption to education, economic trade, travel, social life, and has profoundly changed our way of living. In this review article we present the organization and the function of the immune system that protects us against diseases, the virology, the infection, the transmission and the pathogenesis of SARS-Cov-2, the disease Covid-19, the development of vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 and some of the questions raised by these vaccines, as well as suggested responses to them.
TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF ANAEMIA IN INDOOR PATIENTS OF TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors:   1st Author, Senior Registrar, Dept. Of Pathology, GMC, Jammu., Gandhi Shivani , Sarngal Shiffali ,   2nd Author and corresponding author, Senior Registrar, Dept. Of Pathology, GMC, Jammu., Arora Swati ,   3rd Author, Senior Registrar, Dept. Of Pathology, GMC, Jammu., Mangoch Anu ,   4th author, Senior Registrar, Dept. Of pathology, GMC, Jammu.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Anaemia is a global health problem, prevalent among the individuals of all age groups. It has great impact on the mental as well as physical growth and development. Material And Method: The present study is prospective in nature conducted in the Post graduate department of Pathology, GMC Jammu which included 1600 indoor patients. History, physical examination and primary blood investigation were done in all the cases. Results: Moderate anaemia was prevalent in female patients. Majority of the female patients were in the age group of 61-70 years. Mild anaemia was prevalent in male patients and 51-60 years was the most common age group. Conclusion: Study of anaemia is important to reach the underlying etiological factor in order to direct the early management of anaemia.
RIGHT OVARIAN VEIN THROMBOSIS (OVT). A RARE PRESENTATION OF ABDOMINAL PAIN
Authors:   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Khaled Abou El Foul Rami , Abdulmola Albawab Amer ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mahmoud Ibrahim Mohamed Mohamed ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Ramadan Mohammed Ali Mohammed Ahmed ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mohamed Bakri Hammoda Hoda ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mahmood Kathija ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Muzaffar Ali Rizvi Syed ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mustafa Quraishy Nael ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Samir Mosaad Raoof Pierre ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mohammed Ibrahim Abdelrahim Ahmed ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Darwish Haytham ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Syed Rezzek Manal ,   Internal Medicine Unit/Gastroenterology, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Gomah Hamed Alaqqad Mohamed ,   General Surgery Department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Mustafa Abdalla Gumaa Ashraf ,   General Surgery Department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Samir Mokhtar Hamed Elwan Mohammed ,   Radiology department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., I N Ala Eddin Nadia ,   Radiology department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Anna Thomas Varghese Olive ,   Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Khalifa Jinan ,   Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Baker Ali Ibrahim Ahmed Abu ,   Accident and Emergency department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Faiek Al-Zubaidi Raqheed ,   Accident and Emergency department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Abdallah Elsayed Ahmed Zied Elsayed ,   Accident and Emergency department, Hatta Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Published: June 2021

Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare condition occurring in 1/600 to 1/2000 pregnancies mainly in the postpartum setting[1,2]. However,it is a potentially life-threatening condition andcan occur in other circumstances, such as inflammatory diseases of the pelvis, gynecological tumors, after pelvic surgery, during sepsis, hypercoagulable state, or even sometimes without an underlying cause [2]. It is usually manifested by nonspecific abdominal pain, with or without fever, and must be recognized because of its potentially serious complications (pulmonary embolism) [2,5]. Currently, the diagnosis is done earlier thanks to imaging techniques making the prognosis better[3,4].
FOCAL FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA: A CLINICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INSIGHT
Authors: Mody Dhawal , Prajapati Anchal , Bodhare Girish , Lathiya Vrushali
Published: June 2021

Fibrous type gingival overgrowth is commonly seen in oral cavity and can be either benign or malignant lesions. Chronic irritation is one of the most common causes of nonneoplastic type of lesion. Focal fibrous hyperplasia also called as irritational or traumatic fibroma usually can be self limiting in nature or sometimes excision is recommended. Present case report demonstrates clinical and histological insight on the lesion.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN COMBINED USE OF INTRACERVICAL FOLEY CATHETER WITH VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL FOR MID TRIMESTER ABORTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS CAESAREAN SECTIONS
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College And Hospital Patna., Sharma Kanchan , a Ranideepa ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College And Hospital Patna., b Anamika ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College And Hospital Patna.
Published: June 2021

Background:There is a gradual increase in second-trimester abortion because of wide scale introduction of prenatal screening programs detecting women whose pregnancies are complicated by serious fetal abnormalities suchas aneuploidy, cardiovascular and skeletal malformation. It constitutes 10-15% of all induced abortions.With the global trend of raised cesarean section rate, obstetricians are faced with the challenge of termination of pregnancy in women with a scarred uterus.Termination of pregnancy in second trimester is associated with much more morbidity and mortality than when it is done in the first trimester. The various methods for second trimester termination of pregnancy are still controversial and the search for the ideal method which is the safest, easiest, cheapest and most effective is still going on. Search for alternative and effective method is the need of hour. In our study, we aimed at assessing the effectiveness and safety of intracervical foleys catheter with vaginal misoprost and comparing it with the vaginal misoprost for mid trimester abortions in patients with previous caesarean. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on 108 women undergoing mid trimester abortions at Patna medical college and hospital in 2019. Patients were randomly allocated in 2 groups Group I ( intracervical foleys and Misoprostol group): Intracervical Foley catheter inserted with a standard regimen of moistened misoprostol tablets (200 Î¼g) 6 hourly intravaginally was used. Group II (misoprostol group): moistened misoprostol tablets (200 Î¼g) 6 hourly inserted vaginally. Procedure efficacy (defined as complete abortion within 48 hours of first dose of misoprostol), safety and reduction in side effects ,acceptability, dose of misoprost required were assessed in both the groups. Results:The induction to abortion interval was 24.16 Â± 1.52 hours in the combined group compared to 45.76 Â± 1.63 hours in the misoprostol group (P value<0.021) with success rate of 96% in the combined group and 80 % in misoprostol group. Total dose of misoprostol required in combined group was (682.33+_ 245) micrograms and (1100 +_ 212) micrograms in misoprost group with p value < 0.001 No significant difference as regard occurrence of advere effects between the two groups. Conclusions:Combined use of intracervical foley catheter and vaginal misoprostol is a novel safe, effective and acceptable method for termination of second trimester in patients with previous caesarean sectionpregnancy.