bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
F. Springer: diplomaat-skrywer
Authors: Jonckheere W. F.
Published: May 2013

F. Springer, pseudonym of Dutch ex-diplomat Corel Jan Schneider, fills a unique position in the present-day Dutch literary scene in that the action of his prose works is usually not situated in the Netherlands but mostly in exotic places where Schneider was posted to as an employee of the Dutch foreign service. Having Java as his place of birth and Dutch New Guinea as his first place of assignment, quite a few of his earlier stories and short novels focus on the fateful encounter between Western administrative efficiency or approach to colonial life and Eastern (mainly primitive) ways of living. As a sceptic, Springer views the while man's colonial administration as futile scribbling in the margins of history'. Springer's main works are the novels Bougainville, noted for its unique structure, and Quissama, a gripping evocation of postcolonial Angola. In these and other of his texts Springer regards writing as a way of making his existence more bearable and keeping misery, encountered in all third world countries, at a distance in order not to be engulfed by it. He also views it as his expression of opposition against the world of make believe and the deception of modern diplomacy and international trade relations.
The archetypal mandala: Visions of the self in the poetry of Coleridge, Eliot and Breytenbach
Authors: Deudney E.
Published: May 2013

This paper is a preliminary survey of the visions of the s e lf in poetry. It is concerned with the transformation of consciousness as depicted by each of the three poets a Romantic, a Modernist and a Postmodernist poet respectively and expressed in specific poems with a cyclical nature. The romantic poet Coleridge's “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is taken as the first example. It is found to be an allegory of the metamorphosis of the poet’s temporal subjective consciousness into an ‘eternal ’ subject position in the narrated text. Eliot’s "Four Quartets" exemplifies the Modernist mode of consciousness as an 'anironic vision of unity' achieved by adhering to a religio-aesthetic meta-narrative. Breytenbach (1988:115) calls his volumes of prison poetry "The Undanced Dance". Taken as a whole "The Undanced Dance" has a structure which concurs with what Brodey (1971:4) calls "an Einsteinian time-space form of relations” and lures its readers into the trap of falling into postmodern quantum consciousness.
Die ontwikkeling van 'n paradigma vir die skryf van 'n kinderverhaal
Authors: Theron L. , Du Plessis H.
Published: May 2013

The American linguist, William Labov, distinguished six elements underlying a well-structured oral narrative. These elements are, in the course of this article, developed into a paradigm which can he used in the writing of a children's story. Against the background of the sociolinguistics of Labov’s analysis the elements are further placed within Mary Louise Pratt's narratological approach. The elements are then applied to children's literature. Published and unpublished children's stories are analysed with reference to the elements indicated by Labov. On the basis of the analysis the elements are developed into a paradigm in the Creative Writing sense of the term.
e.e. cummings as an Expressionist poet
Authors: Coetzee-Van Rooy S. , Combrink A. L.
Published: May 2013

This study investigates the poetry of e.e. cummings from what is considered a novel hut productive point of view: it holds that in order to categorize cummings as an Expressionist poet (an enterprise which, it is maintained, will provide the reader with a useful frame for grappling with certain troubling aspects of cummings poetry) it is necessary to develop a reading strategy based on a method derived from the social sciences and the study of linguistics to make the categorization both feasible and responsible. Using techniques of choice suggested by critics, and developing further techniques of randomizing developed in accordance with the social sciences and linguistics, it was possible to arrive at a representative corpus of poetry, which could then be tested against criteria of Expressionism developed from a comprehensive literature study involving both poetry and the fine arts. This modus operandi has enabled the authors to assert that cummings could most fruitfully be read as an Expressionist poet. It is also suggested that this method could be most fruitfully extrapolated to similar studies involving other 'schools' and styles and other poets.
Ideologiese normverplasings en die Afrikaanse handwoordeboek van die negentigerjare
Authors: Carstens A.
Published: May 2013

Ideological norm replacement and the Afrikaans desk dictionary of the ninetiesIn South Africa the past decade has been marked by extensive sociopolitical changes and by concomitant linguistic changes. These changes may be regarded as instances of norm replacement - a process during the course of which a norm or a set of norms is gradually replaced by another norm or set of norms. It is maintained that the standard synchronic dictionaries of a language not only have the obligation to reflect lexicalised norm replacements, but also to make projections with regard to future use. Two standard synchronic desk dictionaries of Afrikaans, namely the eighth edition of Verklarende Afrikaanse Woordeboek (1992) and the third edition of Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (1994) are explored with special regard to their reflection of norm replacements within the domains of race and political ideology. It is shown that the compilers of these dictionaries consciously and sincerely aimed at removing all racial bias but that they failed to record the diversity of meaning within the political lexicon and the semantic shifts which have occurred within that lexicon during the past decade.
Verskyningsvorme van estetisisme en dekadensie in Sy kom met die sekelmaan en Kaapse rekwisiete
Authors: Grobbelaar M.
Published: May 2013

Manifestations of aestheticism and decadence in Sy kom met die sekelmaan and Kaapse rekwisieteThis article offers a new perspective on the novels of two well-known Afrikaans authors, namely Hettie Smit's Sy kom met die sekelmaan (1937) and Wilma Stockenstrom's Kaapse rekwisiete (1987). Both literary works are read within the framework of late nineteenth-century Western European and British aestheticism and decadence. Characteristic elements of aesthetic and decadent literature, such as an emphasis on artificiality - especially the tendency towards the fictionalization of reality narcissism, sexual perversity, and the utilization of a flowery style are identified in both novels. Stockenstrum 's novel can, however, also be read from a feminist point of view, as is already indicated by the fact that everything is seen through the eyes d f a female character, and by the negative projection of male characters and heterosexual relationships. Lefebvre's Jungian-based search for the Self is a further indication of the feminist character of this novel, as the psychological views of Jung with his accent on identity and individualisation form a myth in its own way in feminist literature.
The emergence and transformation of literary space
Authors: Nethersole R.
Published: May 2013

"The main theoretical difficulty inherent in the teaching of literature", Paul deMan (1986:29) observed, “is the delimitation of borderlines that circumscribe the literary field by setting it apart from other modes of discourse”, Dissatisfied with numerous existing notions as regards literature which are oblivious to the fact that literature depends upon a writer, a book, and a reader, this essay explores spatial denominators in its attempt to define the literary domain. It is argued that while story-telling precedes and succeeds literature, the site of the latter is one which emerged only in modernity and is about to be re-territorialized in the present. The republic of letters or the realm where the text functions as possible world is being replaced by the quarry of stories defining the world as text. Thus the modalities of signification have increased, yet the space of literature has been transformed by technological means changing it into the archive, a place of the past rather than a site of present production.
The trickster and the prison house: The Bakhtinian dimension of ‘the carnivalesque’ in Breyten Breytenbach’s True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist
Authors: Dimitriu I.
Published: May 2013

This paper undertakes an analysis of Breytenbach’s prison book in terms of the autobiographer's psychological response to his experience of incarceration. Breytenbach’s ‘gallows humour' is shown to parallel the Bakhtinian ‘carnivalesque' with its symbolic destruction of official authority on the one hand, and the assertion of spiritual renewal on the other While looking into the carnivalesque dimension of gallows humour as mediated through the literary device of the trickster figure, I shall show that ‘the laughter of irreverence' goes beyond mere verbal playfulness in that it is part of a spiritually-based programme of opposition.
Die vreemdelíngskaptema in enkele romans van Karel Schoeman, ’n Bespreking van die tussenskap
Authors: Jooste G. A.
Published: May 2013

The theme of alienation in the novels of Karel SchoemanThe state of alienation is one of the overriding themes in Karel Schoeman's oeuvre. This article, “The theme of alienation in the novels of Karel Schoeman”, deals with one of the manifestations of this theme, namely the dilemma of alienation. The world presented in Karel Schoeman's oeuvre is characterized by dichotomy, e.g. the known as opposed to the unknown - a phenomenon which causes uncertainty. This article examines the way in which an epistemological dichotomy is expressed as a kind of dilemma in the novels of Karel Schoeman. The dilemma is presented to discourage a simple escape by means of choice. In this position between alternative worlds or views, the Schoeman character faces limited options: to make a choice of sorts and win or risk sacrificing something of value; to accept this precarious position and confirm his life as one of passive silence; to conquer the impasse, e.g. by sidestepping the choice and creating an alternative world as in a dream or a work of art.
Die antieke Griekse ‘religieuse’ liriek
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

All occasions during which ancient Greek lyric was performed, were originally and intrinsically embedded in religious ceremony, but certain lyric forms were addressed more directly to some divine being in whose honour the ceremony was being performed. The spatial context of this kind of lyric performance was mostly a public gathering of officials and populace, and the content (references to ritual and myth), form and manner of performance (generally choral odes performed by a chorus of singer-dancers, accompanied by an ensemble of flutes and/or lyres, and percussion instruments) reflect this more ‘religious' and public nature. This broad characterisation cannot, however, be applied rigidly and consistently to the surviving poetic texts. In this article, which surveys the various forms of this kind of lyric, 'religious' is interpreted as ‘in honour o f a divine being' as opposed to a mortal being.
Taalgesindhede teenoor Afrikaans - ’n verkenning vanuit taalteoretiese perspektief
Authors: Verhoef M.
Published: May 2013

Language attitudes towards Afrikaans - a reconnaisance from a theoretical point of viewThe main aim of this article is to investigate the language attitude issue from a viewpoint embedded in the theory of language planning. This study was initiated by the fact that, although the public debate regarding Afrikaans is articulated in a lively way, it seems as if it does not benefit the official status of the language. The statement that this hampering effect on Afrikaans is partially caused by negative language attitudes and a lack of language loyalty by the primary and secondary speech communities serves as point of departure for this article. By looking at language attitudes departing from a theoretical language planning framework, the investigator is enabled to derive scientifically clear conclusions regarding the language attitudes of speech communities. This article also discusses the different components of language attitudes in general and the methodology regarding the investigation of language attitudes. The second part of the article presents a brief discussion of language attitude studies undertaken in South Africa, especially those dealing with Afrikaans. The article concludes with the statement that language planners must give considerable attention to language attitudes and their influence on language planning efforts. When this problematic issue is ignored the outcome of language planning projects will show a low success rate. This is of particular importance for the survival of Afrikaans in the multilingual South African society.
Juffrou Sophia op soek na ’n nuwe perspektief
Authors: Steenberg D. H.
Published: May 2013

Juffrou Sophia searching for a new perspectiveBy publishing her fascinating novel Juffrou Sophia vlug vorentoe (1993) Berta Smit, modernist Christian novelist of the sixties, has not only terminated a silence of 21 years, but also demonstrates that some text strategies of Deconstruction can be implemented in the representation of a Christian worldview. Breaking down barriers between personal life and newly created text, between master and servant of different races and different walks of life, implementing the technique of erasure and other contributing strategies, Smit creates a fascinating new world of paradox. In her search for a new perspective, the author not only applies new strategies, but also creates a solution typical to both the postmodernist novel and to the Christian faith.
’n Groene in De Nieuwe Gids, Frederik van Eeden, De kleine Johannes en die ekologisme
Authors: Van Zyl W.
Published: May 2013

An ecologist in De Nieuwe Gids, Frederik van Eeden’s De kleine Johannes and ecologismThe famous late nineteenth-century Dutch literary rebels, the Tachtigers, chose a part of Frederik van Eeden's De kleine Johannes as the opening text for the first edition of their literary mouthpiece, De Nieuwe Gids. Closer analysis in this article shows, however, that the novel contradicts precisely those literary ideals it was supposed to embody. Much more than being an illustration of the Romantic poetics favoured by the movement, it tends to be a rather didactic defence of ecological ideals and a literary preview of ideas Van Eeden would later advocate much more outspokenly. In his so-called Walden Experiment, inspired by the views of the American ecologist Henry David Thoreau, he would even try to put these ideals into practice. This experiment did not bring about the social success Van Eeden hoped for, but in an ironical way it did fulfil a prophecy in De kleine Johannes: “Among people you will experience endless sorrow…”.
’n Teologie van teerheid - die alternatiewe kerk in Heinrich Böll se roman Gruppenbild mit Dame
Authors: Saayman C.
Published: May 2013

A theology of tenderness - the counterchurch in Heinrich Böll's novel Gruppenbild mit DameHeinrich Böll's novel Gruppenbild mit Dame is a protest against a dehumanized German society - a society which, according to him, is solely committed to production and consumption. In the novel the way in which a certain group of people live is portrayed - a depiction forming a stark contrast with society and its corrupt values. In the novel this small group of people is positioned around the main character, Leni Pfeiffer. Boll could never rid himself of his Christian heritage - thus religious motifs are significant in this work, as they are in his whole oeuvre. In the novel it soon becomes evident that Leni has the qualities o f a new madonna and that the group surrounding her exhibits the characteristics o f a secret church or counterchurch. Not only does this church have its own madonna and its own messiah, it even has its own gospel - that of deliberate underachievement. This article attempts to analyse the above-mentioned aspects of the counterchurch in the novel and to examine the implications of such a subculture for Western civilization, not only in Germany, but also in our own African context.
Theology and practice in Piers Plowman
Authors: Levey D.
Published: May 2013

The fourteenth-century English poem Piers Plowman, by William Langland, tells of a quest for and pilgrimage to Truth, or God. The poem is lengthy and diffuse, and evidences Langland’s keen interest in philosophy, theology, politics, social conditions and apocalyptic literature, to mention only some areas. Underlying all, however, is a concern with the practical living-out of abstruse doctrinal concepts in everyday life. This essay explores certain characters and concepts which embody the doctrine and practice of charity, in order to demonstrate the interweaving of theory and practice which characterizes Langland at his best.
‘Deur ’n waaier wat die bolig…’: ’n Vers oor die huwelik uit Antjie Krog se Lady Anne
Authors: Crous M.
Published: May 2013

‘Deur ’n waaier wat die bolig…’: a poem on the marital relationship in Antjie Krog’s Lady Anne This essay examines one of the poems from Antjie Krog’s seventh volume of poetry Lady Anne. The poem, “Deur ’n waaier wat die bolig ... ", focuses on the marital relationship between Andrew Barnard and Lady Anne Barnard. The poem is read within the context of the volume as a whole in order to delineate the particular aspects of the marital relationship pertaining to the Barnards.
T.T. Cloete: prospekteerder van die albasterblou waterplaneet - ’n inleiding
Authors: Du Plooy H.
Published: May 2013

T.T. Cloete: prospector of the planet earthIn this article the publication of this special issue of Literator is motivated by giving an introduction to the work of T.T. Cloete as teacher of literature, as critic and as poet. The contributions in the journal are then discussed and similarities and differences in the articles are indicated. The idea is put forward that an intertextual web, echoing the intertextual relations in the poetry and prose, is formed by the various views in the articles. The article concludes with an extended bibliography of studies on the work of T.T. Cloete.
Idiolek van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Jooste E.
Published: May 2013

Idiolect of T.T. CloeteIdiolect in particular has a prominent poetical component. In this article it is shown that this view can be traced back to earlier as well as concurrent statements by Cloete, the critic. It is established that the views of Cloete on the essence and meaning of verse as a literary form of art are reflected in his poetry. He has, for example, stated that the visual elements incorporated in modem artistic texts contribute in an essential way to their meaning. This view correlates strongly with his personal style as a poet and the thematic preoccupation with ‘the eye’ in Idiolek. Typical aspects of his lexicon are also determined because the repetitive use of certain words is part and parcel of literary idiolect. A resume of the findings of this article is compared with and corroborated by the reception o f Cloete’s first four volumes of verse. It is concluded that Cloete’s dual role as a poet-critic is complemented by the religious base on which he stands and that these components contribute to the essence and quality of his poetry. In him we indeed have a successful union of instinct, intellect and faith.
‘hy itiaak die kafhok groen’ - aantekeninge by T.T. Cloete as ekoloog op rym
Authors: Olivie F.
Published: May 2013

‘hy maak die kafhok groen’ - notes on T.T. Cloete as an ecologist in rhymeIn his six volumes of poetry published up to now, T.T. Cloete reveals himself as an ecologist in rhyme. His investigation into the existence of man as part of a cosmological eco-system is founded in the belief that God created and still watches over a structured and interdependent universe. The poet employs the paradox and the technique of enumeration, and integrates ordinary and highly scientific language in poems which are deceptively simple as far as formal structure is concerned.
Die taal as katedraal: Driepas van T.T. Cloete
Authors: Van Jaarsveld A. , Gouws T.
Published: May 2013

Language as cathedral: Driepas of T.T. CloeteIn the compilation of Driepas the poet T.T. Cloete intended to build a cathedral in language. In this article the structural characteristics of the Gothic cathedral, specifically those of the Chartres cathedral, are examined to determine possible structural correlations between the edifice and the poetic artefact. The structural links between the cathedral of Chartres and the poems in Driepas were mainly ascertained by implementing the analogy of Cloete’s bountiful usage of enumeration and his meticulous attention to detailed arrangement. This aspect has previously been overlooked by most critics of Driepas.
Die interfererende kontoere van Nijhoff en Cloete se poëtika
Authors: Nel A. , Gouws T.
Published: May 2013

The interferential contours of Nijhoff and Cloete’s poeticsIn the poetry of T.T. Cloete the recycling or idiolectical transformation of texts from the Dutch literary tradition can clearly be demonstrated. The aim of this article is to explore the manner in which Cloete’s poetics manifests itself verse-extemally and verseinternally, and to indicate the interactional views of the poetry of Cloete and the Dutch poet Nijhoff. In the article it is demonstrated that those views which Cloete shares with Nijhoff manifest themselves in his poetry. The contours of these theories are views of the origins of poetry, a world view and a theory of objectivity. The nub of the shared views centres in the concept of the wilfulness of language which is linked synchronically to the so-called autonomistic poetics of the Utrecht model.
Hibriditeit in ‘Kameelperd’ Goties geteken
Authors: Beukes M. P.
Published: May 2013

Gothic illustration of hybridity in 'Kameelperd' In this article it is argued that the premise of linguistic and conceptual elements in a poem serves as a focal point for the reader’s interpretation. A single text i.e. "Kameelperd" of Cloete is taken as an example to show that cohesion between various textual elements is interwoven to result in a unity. Textual cohesion relying on similarities in grammatical and lexical criteria proves the relation between elements which enable the author to draw an illustration of a giraffe by means of language. Coherence is proved to have taken place when the connection between cohesive elements in the text is actualised through the reader's process of reading and interpreting. It becomes evident that the giraffe in this poem is portrayed and drawn by the context of linguistic elements in the poem.
Tradisie en vernuwing - Hierdie lewe van Karel Schoeman
Authors: Du Toit P. A.
Published: May 2013

Tradition and renewal – Hierdie lewe by Karel Schoeman Since the sixties generalizations have frequently been made regarding the difference between old (older, traditional) and new (newer, "modem") Afrikaans prose. Karel Schoeman’s novel Hierdie lewe (1993), however, shows the relativity of the dichotomy old vs. new prose. The theme of this novel is fairly traditional: a reminiscence of a life of hardship and loneliness in the South African platteland. Nevertheless the formalization of this theme is not that of the "gemoedelike lokale realisme" (a genial local realism) which N.P. van Wyk Louw referred to. The on-going process of “making strange/making unfamiliar” (Victor Shklovsky) is achieved by a specific style of writing. The novel’s merit lies in the fact that Schoeman, within the linguistic options available to him, within the focus of the chosen narrative perspective, and within the time frame of the 19th century, exhibits considerable creative mastery of the language - despite the constraints presupposed by each of these contexts. It is an outstanding achievement that Schoeman could find so many parallels and synonyms and integrate them in a diffuse but systematic way in his comprehensive novel.
'Speech within speech': The writing of Antonio Tabucchi
Authors: Wilson R.
Published: May 2013

The narrator of Antonio Tabucchi’s 1991 novel Requiem has an appointment with a dead poet. During the twenty-four hours which he spends in Lisbon waiting to keep his appointment, he undertakes a physical journey through the city, which turns out to be also a parallel journey of the anima through memory. The journey is initiated by a book, Livro do Desassossego (The book of disquietude), by Fernando Pessoa, the “great poet” who awaits the narrator in the city of this novel. This paper examines Tabucchi's "dialogue with the dead", both within this text and across other Tabucchi texts. It endeavours to show how Tabucchi’s recuperation of Pessoa becomes the recognition of the Other's voices within one’s own unconscious, enabling the exploration of repressed discourse.
Writing on the earth: Early European travellers to South Africa
Authors: Sienaert M. , Stiebel L.
Published: May 2013

The issue of land in South Africa has always been problematic. This is to be expected in a country whose history has been one of colonisation, contested borders and, in the more recent apartheid past, of legalised removals of people from the land. In recent post-colonial theory too, the notion of spatiality has proved to be significant: to write a history of a country and its people is to write a spatial history through the processes of naming, mapping, classifying and painting. Our project in this article is to explore some of the ways in which early European travellers to South Africa traced their presence in this country, and in so doing began a chapter of “writing on the earth", the ideological marks of which linger on into this century.
Linguistic power bases and structures in Kopstukke (1992) by Jeanne Goosen
Authors: Bosch B.
Published: May 2013

This article argues that in Kopstukke a linguistic analysis of the text can illustrate how specific gendered relations operating within the text are supported by the linguistic fibre of the text. In Kopstukke the linguistic ecology which is created within the boundaries of the text supports a "postfeminist" perception of gendered relations and relations of dominance in general. It is argued that by violating certain stereotypical linguistic boundaries (e.g. syntactic structures, linguistic taboos, discourse strategies), barriers operating within the society (which is mirrored in the text) are dismantled.
Dikeledi’s revenge: A reading of Bessie Head’s ‘The collector of treasures’
Authors: Crous M.
Published: May 2013

This essay focuses on the title story of Bessie Head's collection The collector of treasures and pays particular attention to the role of the phallus in the text. The female protagonist's cutting off of her husband's genitals is seen as a de(con)struction of phallocratic society. The subsequent incarceration of Dikeledi is an attempt by patriarchy to reaffirm its control over her.
Die antieke Griekse lofgedig
Authors: Henderson W. J.
Published: May 2013

Ancient Greek praise poems Arguing from both the surviving texts themselves and from ancient theorists, the present article deals with early Greek lyric poems in praise of human beings. This type of lyric falls under the more “secular types” of ancient Greek lyric, in the sense that they were addressed, not to a divine being, but to a human being. The context or space of such “secular” lyric performance includes, not only the public gathering of officials and the populace, but also the private and intimate circle of individuals with shared interests. Both choral odes and solo-lyrics are therefore involved. The lyric types discussed are the praise poem, the war poem, the political poem and the dirge.
Die vyfvoudig versterkte vertellersfunksie in die dagboeke van Anne Frank
Authors: Reinecke C. , Van der Elst J.
Published: May 2013

A five-fold strengthened narrative function in the diaries of Anne Frank In assuming that the total communication situation in the true diary has a character of its own, it is suggested that the narrative situation is studied, on the one hand, from the viewpoint of the autobiographical contract claiming a bond of identity between the real author, the I-narrator and the I-persona, and on the other hand from the poststructuralistic view asserting that these instances are not identical to one another and that the implicit author should be duly recognised. A close textual analysis of the narrative situation in the original diaries of Anne Frank leads to our identifying five instances strengthening the narrative function - the real author, the I-narrator, the I-persona, the implicit and the explicit author. While these instances can be distinguished from one another, the bond of identity between them is so tight that the textual construction is a testimony to reality. The five-fold narrative corpus functioning in the diaries persuasively conveys a message of truth. A remarkable characteristic of the narrative situation is the persistent explicitising of the implicit author, which can be seen as a concretisation of the intention of truth and sincerity posed by the autobiographical contract.
Verteltoon as probleem in Gevaarlike land van Louis Krüger
Authors: Gouws A. A.E. , Johl J. H.
Published: May 2013

The issue of tone of narration in Louis Krüger’s novel Gevaarlike land Suspicion is cast on the literary expertise of the laureate novelist, Louis Krüger, by extremely negative reviews of his penultimate novel, Gevaarlike land (1990). These negative reviews are, however, somewhat relativised by a few positive reviews. Krüger’s stature as an important Afrikaans novelist justifies an inquiry into these divergent evaluations of this novel. In this article the hypothesis that the difference in evaluation can be ascribed to a misreading of the text is tested by way of a detailed analysis of the novel. The conclusion arrived at is that the apparent message of the text is deceptive - the real message is embedded in the depth structure of the novel. In spite of explicit signalling devices, most critics interpreted the indirect narration literally. This literal interpretation, however, confirms the hypothesis of this article: the negative evaluation of Krüger’s novel can be attributed to an insensitiveness to the nature of irony and the marginalisation of the character and techniques of irony.
Community theatre and indigenous performance traditions: An introduction to Chicano theatre, with reference to parallel developments in South Africa
Authors: Rahner C.
Published: May 2013

This article will focus on the theme of community and on the forms stemming from oral literature and musical tradition in Chicano theatre, while drawing comparisons with similar developments in South Africa. I will argue that the re-appropriation of traditional modes and their integration into stage performance replaced the formerly “Eurocentric definition of theatre” with a more indigenous specificity, a development that has been observed in South Africa as well (Hauptfleisch, 1988:40). We can thus speak of a certain divergence from standard contemporary Western traditions in both the Chicano and the black South African community theatre, a trend that is notable in both their themes and forms.
Humoristiese byname van tieners: ’n sosio-onomastiese perspektief
Authors: Bosch B. , De Klerk V.
Published: May 2013

Humorous nicknames of teenagers: a socio-onomastic perspectiveThis article investigates "funny" nicknames used by adolescents as examples of linguistic humour. The relationship between language, nicknames and humour is discussed and the question of which internal and external linguistic elements determine humorous nicknames is investigated. A view on the pragmatic characteristics of humorous nicknames is presented and finally the socio-onomastic properties of humorous nicknames are discussed.
Multikulturele dramas? ’n Voorlopige ondersoek
Authors: Coetser J. L.
Published: May 2013

Multicultural plays? A preliminary investigationThis article is a preliminary investigation of the possible presence of multiculturalism in an English and in two Afrikaans plays. According to Hauptfleisch and Steadman (1987:3) the workshop production of Cincinatti: Scenes from city life is an example of an English South African multicultural drama. The first part of the article is an attempt to isolate some of the properties that may show the presence of multiculturalism in a play. It is improbable that one would find many Afrikaans plays complying with these requirements. However, an interpretation of the silence of the antagonist in ’n Koffer in die kas (A suitcase in the wardrobe) by Jeanne Goosen points the way to an alternative, sociosemiotic interpretation of multiculturalism. In this regard Guiraud (1975:90-98) refers to sociosemiotic signs that relate to rituals, fashions, protocols and games. These codes are subsequently applied to Don Gxubane onner die Boere (Don Gxubane among the Afrikaners) by Charles Fourie. The greatest part of the article is in fact devoted to a discussion of Don Gxubane. Perhaps the most disturbing finding touches on closure: in the conclusions of Don Gxubane, Cincinatti and ’n Koffer in die kas the reconciliation o f opposites seems unattainable.
Enlightened state versus millenarian vision: A comparison between two historical novels
Authors: Roelofse-Campbell Z.
Published: May 2013

Two millenarian events, one in Brazil (Canudos Rebellion, 1897) and the other in South Africa (Bulhoek Massacre, 1921) have inspired two works of narrative fiction: Mario Vargas Llosa's The War of the End of the World (1981) and Mike Nicol’s This Day and Age (1992). In both novels the events are presented from the perspectives of both the oppressed landless peasants and the oppressors, who were the ruling élites. In both instances, governments which purported to be models of enlightenment and modernity resorted to violence and repression in order to uphold their authority. Vargas Llosa's novel was written in the Latin American tradition where truth and fiction mingle indistinguishably while in the South African novel fictional elements override historical truth.
The urge to begin anew: Visions of America in some American long poems
Authors: Ullyatt T.
Published: May 2013

The basic purpose of this article is to survey the visions of America embodied in a number of American long poems from different literary periods. Since there have been a considerable number of long poems written in America during its almost 350-year history, it has been necessary to make some stringent selections. The texts used here have been chosen for their literary-historical importance. Starting with Michael Wigglesworth's 1662 poem, The Day of Doom, the article proceeds to the work of Joel Barlow and, to a lesser extent, Philip Freneau from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries before approaching Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass from the late nineteenth century, and Alien Ginsberg's poem. Howl, from the mid-twentieth century.
Die aard van persoonstoename in Calvinia en omgewing: ’n pragmatiese beskouing
Authors: Hendricks F.
Published: May 2013

The nature of personal sobriquets in Calvinia and vicinity: a pragmatic perspectiveThis contribution focuses on the usage of personal sobriquets in the Northern Cape district Calvinia. Within the framework of a pragmatic analysis the article reflects, on the one hand, on the interaction between sobriquets and other name types and, on the other hand, on the way in which the identifying function, semantic nature and grammatical behaviour of sobriquets are intertwined. Existing studies on sobriquets from diverse theoretical perspectives are incorporated supportively and/or comparatively.
Is T.T. Cloete ’n Calvinistiese digter?
Authors: Odendaal B. J.
Published: May 2013

Is T.T. Cloete a Calvinist poet?T.T. Cloete has had a strong influence on contemporary Afrikaans poetry, particularly as a religious poet with a fanerotic world view. Some critics have characterized him as a Calvinist poet, and the validity of such a description is discussed in this article. It is pointed out that Cloete's Biblical orientation as well as the importance given to the so-called general or creational revelation of God in his poetry, is typically Calvinist. The panentheistic trend in his view of the relation between God and cosmos, the aesthetic mysticism that distinguishes his experience of God and the consequent discomfort in his poems about the meaningful ness of death in the dispensation of God, are, however, indicated as motives deviating from a typically Calvinist world view. In these respects his views, as expressed in his poetry, show similarities with those of the Catholic tradition, even with those of the Eastern Christian church.
Travelling towards an Identity as skeppende beginsel in die nuwe Breytenbach-tekste
Authors: Sienaert M.
Published: May 2013

Travelling towards an Identity as creative principle in new texts of Breyten BreytenbachIn three recent (unpublished) public lectures, Breyten Breytenbach uses travel as a metaphor to emphasise the importance of intellectual flexibility. By doing so he explicitly defines identity as well as the creative processes of writing and painting in terms of movement. In the context of his work, movement immediately evokes transformation, and this article explores the way in which Breytenbach's thesis - as expounded in these lectures - unfolds in two (as yet unpublished) poems which paradoxically deal with frozen, winter landscapes. The way in which different forms of movement operate as creative principles in these poems - and by extension in all his thinking - also clarifies what is meant by Breytenbach's metaphoric "Middle World" ("taalstaat"), which has repeatedly been misunderstood in the popular press.
Die gebruik van narratiewe kodes by die TV drama: ’n steekproef
Authors: Louw S.
Published: May 2013

The use of narrative codes in TV drama: A test sampleEven though TV drama makes use of genre-specific codes it always tells a story. In order to examine the Afrikaans teleplay, The Horse Trader (1982), narrative codes - as explicated by Genette (1980) and applicable to the linguistic narrative - are utilized. These narrative codes prove to be very useful in decoding the teleplay and syslematising hierarchical elements.
Oorgangsliteratuurgeskiedenis: die illusie van ’n nasionale Suid-Afrikaanse letterkunde
Authors: Coetzee A.
Published: May 2013

Literary history in transition: the illusion of a national South African literatureThe transformation of South Africa from a divided country to a unified democracy has created a discourse of ‘one-nationness’. Although this concept may primarily be a politicial ideal, it also encompasses the diverse fields of culture, language and literature. Literary theoreticians and historians may have to fin d a methodology for describing the various literatures in terms of a 'South African literature if such a unified concept can exist where literatures are produced in eleven languages. These literatures, however, also differ in ways of expression, because the cultures and political contexts from which they originated vary. In considering the deficiencies of a recent literary history, this article attempts to determine whether a methodology based on the Foucauldian concept of the discursive formation may be able to combine the various literatures as statements within the narrative of a nation.
Crossing Over. Stories of the transition, or ‘history from the inside’
Authors: Gaylard R.
Published: May 2013

The collection of stories entitled Crossing Over: New Stories for a New South Africa (1995) commemorates a remarkable turning point in this country's history, the election of South Africa's first-ever democratic government. By inviting contributions from writers from a variety of backgrounds, and in any of the eleven official languages, the compilers hoped to provide "a rounded picture of our times” and to contribute to the making of a new South African culture of inclusivity. Contributors were asked for stories dealing with "some kind of crossing over," and exploring the response of young people to the transition. In spite of limitations as regards representativeness, the collection does bring together an unusually varied group of writers. This article explores the extent to which, by promoting a renewed awareness of "self” in relation to "others", the anthology goes some way towards uncovering and undoing the racism and stereotyping that have been endemic to our society. In doing so, it provides us with a kind of "history from the inside”. However, the collection also demonstrates the continuing presence of the past, and suggests the extent to which the lives of many ordinary people have not changed significantly.
Die geistig-kulturelle Lage im wieder-vereinigten Deutschland
Authors: Rauch A. M.
Published: May 2013

The mental-cultural situation of the re-united GermanyIn 1993 an exhibition presenting phenomena about the past, present and future of both East and West Germany took place in Berlin. It became clear that West and East Germans differ in inter alia the way in which life and existence have been experienced. East and West Germans also have different perspectives and perceptions of policy and society. Among the former GDR-citizens, nostalgia dominates the reflection on the past. It should, however, not be underestimated how deeply East and West Germans have been alienated from each other and that many East Germans think that facing a common future - together with West Germans - is more than they could handle. The difference in which life and existence have been experienced in East and West Germany is also reflected in German literature as is pointed out in the work of Ulrich Woelk. It also becomes, however, clear that the idea of a common German culture and history supplies a strong link to overcome these alienations.
Die Wende als Witz, Komische Darstellungen eines historischen Umbruchs
Authors: Gabler W.
Published: May 2013

Wit in the literary representation of a historical transitionThe author of this article has observed a growing interest in texts presenting the political change in East Germany (GDR) as a comical event. During the last few years the interest in this kind of text has intensified - among literary critics as well as among ordinary readers of texts. In his analysis of the literary texts the author commences with Sigmund Freud’s theory of wit, which he further elaborates in its social-psychological aspects and adapts to modern principles in the analysis of literary texts. The author shows that the wit in two recent novels - Helden wie wir (1995) by Thomas Brussig and Der Zimmerspringbrunnen (1995) by Jens Sparschuh - is based on unconsciously repressed or isolated feelings of mourning over the lost object, the GDR. These feelings are seen as the major reason for the different or contradictory public reception of both novels.
Sprachliche Entfremdung als Phänomen des Umbruchs in der früheren DDR
Authors: Ester H.
Published: May 2013

Linguistic alienation as phenomenon of the transformation in the erstwhile DDRThe Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic have not yet grown into a coherent unity since the political unification of the two 'Germanies' in 1990. The reason for the lack of sympathy and the irritations on both sides possibly lies in the fact that the actual developments did not meet the general expectations during the first years after 1990. The thesis of my article is that the more profound reasons for the alienation between the western and the eastern part of Germany can be found in the little interest on the western side for the developments in the GDR from 1949 until the fall of the Wall in 1989. The lack of interest in the forty years of the GDR’s existence finds its expression in the alienation of language. In order to improve communication between the Germans of both spheres, the reading of literary texts from the former GDR by members of the entire new Federal Republic of Germany can be a reconcilliatory device. In this way the reader can obtain insight into forty years of history.
East German media in transition after reunification
Authors: Von Harpe M.
Published: May 2013

This article analyses the issue of how the “post-socialist" civil society of the former GDR can be reconstructed to reduce dependence of the media on the state and on future private ownership, thereby maximising freedom of communication. The media had a powerful impact on the transitional phase following reunification. Before 1989 West German television and radio stations were "windows to the West". After reunification East Germans preferred to have their own newspapers, to watch their own television programmes or to listen to their own radio programmes. There has been some criticism about the quality of the media, but the majority of the contemporary audience is satisfied now. To meet the expectations of their audience the journalists themselves have learned to devote special attention to East German problems. One problem of concern is media concentration. Privatisation entails the danger that monopolising trends in mass media, especially in newspaper publishing, will continue in the new East German Lánder. Deregulation and quality programming offer an opportunity for a major breakthrough and new forms of media organisation and management. The period of acclimatisation following the reunification has, however, been too short for the mass media. Nevertheless, owing to specific characteristics of reunification, the transition East Germans have had to make has been largely successful.
Mediatransformasie dek die tafel vir ’n nuwe joernalistiek
Authors: Froneman J. D.
Published: May 2013

Media transformation sets the scene for a new journalismSince 1993 the South African media have been going through a period of fundamental transformation. This process has resulted in a phenomenon of black journalists and whites with credentials as anti-apartheid activists, moving into senior editorial positions at the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) as well as at newspapers. This article briefly describes the said transformational steps within the framework of existing media models, inter alia the developmental, social-responsibility and democratic-participatory models. Journalism covering the arts, culture and literature is thereby placed within a broader media context. It is concluded that the dominant media model(s) will determine the kind of journalism we can expect in future.
Die engel op die vlaktelandskap
Authors: Jooste G. A.
Published: May 2013

Thie angel on the plains This article about Die uur van die engel (Karel Schoeman, 1995) examines relationship between the inhabitants of the barren Free State and its landscape. Most people are limited by a "horizontal" approach to life; they are unable to fulfil their desires. The novel reveals a reason why some people find peace in such an inhospitable landscape while others seem to find merely temporary success in terms of possessions or power, but vanish from the landscape with hardly a trace left behind. This article contends that the angel, as a "vertical" factor, makes the real difference. The presence of the angel invites a symbolic reading of relationships with the landscape, in that the novel presents the angel with all its assosiations of mercy (as a manifestation of a suggested secret). This view opens the possibility for an ending that contains a healing message: life is after all, possible on the barren plains of Africa because of a spiritual approach.