bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Atmospheric Rivers on Future Poleward Moisture Transport and Arctic Climate Variability
Authors: Kolbe Marlen Kolbe , Sonnemans Jeroen P. J. , Bintanja Richard , Linden Eveline van der , Wiel Karin van der , Whan Kirien , Benedict Imme
Published: March 2023

Alongside mean increases in poleward moisture transport (PMT) to the
Arctic, most climate models also project a linear increase in the
interannual variability (IAV) with future warming. It is still uncertain
to what extent atmospheric rivers (ARs) contribute to both the mean and
the IAV increase of PMT. We analyzed large-ensemble climate simulations
to 1) explore the link between PMT and ARs in the present-day (PD) and
in two warmer climates (+2°C and +3°C compared to pre-industrial global
mean temperature), 2) assess the dynamic contribution to changes in
future ARs, and 3) analyze the effect of ARs on Arctic climate on
interannual timescales. We find that the share of AR-related PMT (ARPMT)
to PMT increases from 42% in the PD to 53% in the +3°C climate. The
increase in AR-frequency and intensity is almost exclusively caused by
significantly higher atmospheric moisture levels, while dynamic changes
can regionally amplify or dampen the moisture-induced increase in ARs.
The amount of ARs reaching the Arctic in any given region and season
strongly depends on the regional jet stream position and speed southwest
of this region. Our results indicate that positive ARPMT anomalies are
profoundly linked to increased surface air temperature and
precipitation, especially in the colder seasons, and have a
predominantly negative effect on sea ice. AR events are expected to
strongly affect Arctic climate variability in the future, when any
AR-induced temperature anomaly occurs in an already warmer Arctic and a
larger share of precipitation falls as rain.
Navigating gender at sea
Authors: McMonigal Kay , Evans Natalya , Jones Daniel C , Brett Genevieve Jay , James Reece C. , Arroyo Mar C , Gong A-bel , Miller Elizabeth C. , Kelly Colette LaMonica , Middleton Jule , Spear Chris , Holmes Wil , Lane Dakota E
Published: March 2023

Fieldwork, including work done at sea, is a key component of many
geoscientists’ careers. Recent studies have highlighted the pervasive
sexual harassment faced by women during fieldwork. However, transgender
and gender diverse scientists face unique obstacles, which have not yet
been studied. We partially fill this gap by sharing our experiences as
transgender and gender diverse people. We have experienced sexual
harassment, misconduct, privacy issues, and legal and medical struggles
as we conduct seagoing work. We provide recommendations to make seagoing
work safer to our communities. These recommendations are a starting
point to make seagoing work more inclusive for all.
Synthetic aperture radar imaging below a random rough surface
Authors: Kim Arnold D , Tsogka Chrysoula
Published: March 2023

Motivated by applications in unmanned aerial based ground penetrating
radar for detecting buried landmines, we consider the problem of imaging
small point like scatterers situated in a lossy medium below a random
rough surface. Both the random rough surface and the absorption in the
lossy medium significantly impede the target detection and imaging
process. Using principal component analysis we effectively remove the
reflection from the air-soil interface. We then use a modification of
the classical synthetic aperture radar imaging functional to image the
targets. This imaging method introduces a user-defined parameter, δ,
which scales the resolution by √δ allowing for target localization with
sub wavelength accuracy. Numerical results in two dimensions
illustrateWe study imaging methods for identifying point targets in a
lossy medium below a random rough surface. the robustness of the
approach for imaging multiple targets. However, the depth at which
targets are detectable is limited due to the absorption in the lossy
medium.
Generation of high-resolution water surface slopes from multi-mission satellite altimetry
Authors: Schwatke Christian , Halicki Michał , Scherer Daniel
Published: March 2023

For nearly three decades, satellite radar altimetry has provided
measurements of the water surface elevation (WSE) of rivers. These
observations can be used to calculate the water surface slope (WSS),
which is an essential parameter for estimating flow velocity and river
discharge. In this study, we calculate a high-resolution WSS of 11
Polish rivers based on multi-mission altimetry observations from 11
satellites in the period from 1994 to 2022. The proposed approach is
based on a weighted such gauge stations adjustment with an additional
Laplace condition and an a priori gradient condition. The
processing is divided into river sections not interrupted by dams and
reservoirs. After proper determination of the WSE for each river
kilometer (bin), the WSS between adjacent bins is calculated. To assess
the accuracy of the estimated WSS, it is compared with slopes between
gauge stations, which are referenced to a common vertical datum. Such
gauge stations are available for 8 investigated rivers. The root mean
squared error (RMSE) ranges from 3 mm/km to 80 mm/km, with an average of
26 mm/km. However, the mean RMSE decreases to 10 mm/km when the 2
mountain rivers are excluded. The WSS accuracies are also compared with
those of slope datasets based on digital elevation models, ICESat-2
altimetry, and lidar. For 6 rivers the estimated WSS showed the highest
accuracy. The improvement was particularly significant for mountain
rivers. The proposed approach allows an accurate, high-resolution WSS
even for small and medium-sized rivers and can be applied to almost any
river worldwide.
Long-Term Seasonal Trends in Sources and Pathways of Trans-Atlantic Dust Plumes and their Implications for Transport of Microorganisms
Authors: Mardi Ali Hossein , HILARIO MIGUEL RICARDO , Hanlon Regina , González-Martín Cristina , Schmale David , Sorooshian Armin , Foroutan Hosein
Published: March 2023

New information is needed about the potential sources and pathways of
trans-Atlantic dust plumes. Such knowledge has important implications
for the long-distance transport and survivability of microorganisms.
Forward trajectories of trans-Atlantic dust plumes were studied over a
14-year period, between 2008 and 2021 (n =>500,000
trajectories). Two major dust transport patterns emerged from these
analyses. First, summer trajectories (June – August) that arrive in the
southeastern regions of the United States and the Caribbean basin and
travel above the marine boundary layer at an average altitude of 1,600
m. Second, winter trajectories (December – February) that arrive in the
Amazon basin and travel within the boundary layer at an average altitude
of 660 m. Ambient meteorological conditions such as solar radiation and
relative humidity along dust trajectories suggest a more suitable
condition for the survivability of microorganisms reaching the Amazon
during the winter with a lower mean solar radiation flux of 294 W m-2
and mean relative humidity levels at around 61% as compared to averages
of 370 W m-2 solar radiation and 45% relative humidity for summer
trajectories intruding the Caribbean basin. Nevertheless, 14% of winter
trajectories (4,664 out of 32,352) reaching the Amazon basin face
intense precipitation of higher than 30 mm and get potentially removed
as compared to 8% of trajectories (2,540 out of 31,826) intruding the
Caribbean basin during the summer. Collectively, our results have
important implications for the survivability of microorganisms in
trans-Atlantic dust plumes and their potential for major incursion
events at receptor regions.
Comparison of global Joule heating estimates in GITM, TIE-GCM and empirical formulations during St. Patrick's Day 2015 geomagnetic storm
Authors: Pirnaris Panagiotis I. , Sarris Theodore E. , Tourgaidis Stelios , Ridley Aaron J.
Published: March 2023

It is well known that the primary solar wind energy dissipation
mechanism in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is Joule heating. Two of the
most commonly used physics-based Global Circulation Models (GCM) of the
Earth’s upper atmosphere are the Global Ionosphere/ Thermosphere Model
(GITM) and the Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General
Circulation Model (TIE-GCM). At the same time, a number of empirical
formulations have been derived to provide estimates of Joule heating
rates based on indices of solar and geomagnetic activity. In this paper,
a comparison of the evolution of the globally-integrated Joule heating
rates between the two GCMs and various empirical formulations is
performed during the solar storm of 17 March 2015. It is found that all
empirical formulations on average underestimate Joule heating rates
compared to both GITM and TIE-GCM, whereas TIE-GCM calculates lower
heating rates compared to GITM. It is also found that Joule heating is
primarily correlated with the auroral electrojet in GITM, whereas Joule
heating in TIE-GCM is correlated better with the Dst index and with
prolonged southward turnings of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
component, Bz. By calculating the heating rates separately in the
northern and southern hemispheres it is found that in GITM higher Joule
heating rates are observed in the northern hemisphere, whereas in
TIE-GCM higher Joule heating rates are observed in the southern
hemisphere. The differences and similarities between the two global
circulation models and the various empirical models are outlined and
discussed.
Positive Low Cloud Feedback Primarily Caused by Increasing Longwave Radiation from the Sea Surface in Two Versions of a Climate Model
Authors: Ogura Tomoo , Webb Mark J , Lock Adrian
Published: March 2023

Low cloud feedback in global warming projections by climate models is
characterized by its positive sign, the mechanism of which is not well
understood. Here we propose that the positive sign is primarily caused
by the increase in upward longwave radiation from the sea surface. We
devise numerical experiments that enable separation of the feedback into
components coming from physically distinct causes. Results of these
experiments with a climate model indicate that increases in upward
longwave radiation from the sea surface cause warming and absolute
drying in the boundary layer, leading to the positive low cloud
feedback. The absolute drying results from decrease in surface
evaporation, and also from decrease in inversion strength which enhances
vertical mixing of drier free tropospheric air into the boundary layer.
This mechanism is different from previously proposed understanding that
positive low cloud feedback is caused by increases in surface
evaporation or vertical moisture contrast.
Disentangling The Causes of Discrepancies In Simulated Immersion-mode Ice Nucleating Particles
Authors: Raman Aishwarya , Wilbourn Elise K , Pekour Mikhail S. , Hiranuma Naruki , Burrows Susannah Marie
Published: March 2023

We assess the predictability of immersion-mode ice nucleating particles
(INPs) at a remote marine site in the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) using
aerosol simulations from a global climate model as inputs to the
immersion-mode INP parameterizations. While the model- simulated INP
concentrations are lower by one to three orders of magnitudes compared
to the measurements, we achieve aerosol-INP closure at ENA using the
observed aerosol properties. We demonstrate a novel INP error
decomposition approach to quantify the portion of total INP error from
different error components. We conclude that inaccuracies in aerosols
(surface area and composition) are the dominant cause of the model INP
discrepancy at ENA. We recommend that, for future aerosol-INP closure
studies, along with the measurements for total INP concentrations,
campaigns should also collect co-located aerosol size-resolved
composition measurements (in the INP-relevant size range) to better
distinguish and quantify the error sources.
DIRECT TESTING OF FORSTERITE BICRYSTALS VIA in-situ MICROPILLAR EXPERIMENTS AT 700 • C
Authors: Avadanii Diana , Hansen Lars , Darnbrough Ed , Marquardt Katharina , Armstrong David , Wilkinson Angus
Published: March 2023

The mechanics of olivine deformation play a key role in long-term
planetary processes, including  the response of the lithosphere to
tectonic loading or the response of the solid Earth to tidal forces, 
and in short-term processes, such as post-seismic creep within the upper
mantle. Previous studies  have emphasized the importance of grain-size
effects in the deformation of olivine. Most of our  understanding of the
role of grain boundaries in the deformation of olivine is inferred from
comparison  of experiments on single crystals to experiments on
polycrystalline samples, as there are no direct  studies of the
mechanical properties of individual grain boundaries in olivine. In this
study, we use  high-precision mechanical testing of synthetic forsterite
bicrystals with well characterized interfaces  to directly observe and
quantify the mechanical properties of olivine grain boundaries. We
conduct  in-situ micropillar compression tests at high-temperature (700•
C) on bicrystals containing low-angle (4• tilt about [100] on (014))
and high-angle (60• tilt about [100] on (011)) boundaries. During 
the in-situ tests, we observe differences in deformation style between
the pillars containing the  grain boundary and the pillars in the
crystal interior. In the pillars containing the grain boundary,  the
interface is oriented at ∼ 45• to the loading direction to promote
shear. In-situ observations  and analysis of the mechanical data
indicate that pillars containing the grain boundary consistently 
support elastic loading to higher stresses than the pillars without a
grain boundary. Moreover, the  pillars without the grain boundary
sustain larger plastic strain. Post-deformation microstructural 
characterization confirms that under the conditions of these deformation
experiments, sliding did not occur along the grain boundary. These
observations support the hypothesis that grain boundaries are stronger
relative to the crystal interior at these conditions.
Multi-Scale Ionospheric Poynting Fluxes Using Ground and Space-Based Observations
Authors: Billett Daniel D , McWilliams Kathryn A , Ponomarenko Pavlo V. , Martin Carley Jade , Knudsen David J. , Vines Sarah Kimberly
Published: March 2023

We present three events where high-resolution electric and magnetic
field measurements from the Swarm satellite constellation coincided with
excellent F-region ionospheric coverage from SuperDARN. Large-scale
ionospheric convection patterns from SuperDARN, together with
field-aligned-current patterns from AMPERE, provide information on
quasi-static ionospheric dynamics traversed by Swarm. Because the Swarm
observations and orbital path coincided with favorable SuperDARN/AMPERE
observing conditions, it was possible to filter the Swarm electric field
observations into a quasi-static component that agreed with the
SuperDARN electric field. We contend that the residual electric field
from Swarm is thus indicative of small- and mesoscale dynamics not
captured by the convection and FAC patterns. We compare calculations of
the Poynting flux between the different instruments and show that
dynamics on small- to mesoscales can be highly variable within
structures like field-aligned currents. In the events shown, small- and
medium-scale Poynting fluxes occasionally dominate over that from
large-scale processes.
Assessing Storm Surge Multi-Scenarios based on Ensemble Tropical Cyclone Forecasting
Authors: Islam Md. Rezuanul , Duc Le , Sawada Yohei
Published: March 2023

Ensemble forecasting is a promising tool to aid in making informed
decisions against risks of coastal storm surges. Although tropical
cyclone (TC) ensemble forecasts are commonly used in operational
numerical weather prediction systems, their potential for disaster
prediction has not been maximized. Here we present a novel, efficient,
and practical method to utilize a large ensemble forecast of 1000
members to analyze storm surge scenarios toward effective decision
making such as evacuation planning and issuing surge warnings. We
perform the simulation of TC Hagibis (2019) using the Japan
Meteorological Agency’s (JMA) non-hydrostatic model. The simulated
atmospheric predictions were utilized as inputs for a statistical surge
model named the Storm Surge Hazard Potential Index (SSHPI) to estimate
peak surge heights along the central coast of Japan. We show that Pareto
optimized solutions from an ensemble storm surge forecast can describe
potential worst (maximum) and optimum (minimum) storm surge scenarios
while exemplifying a diversity of trade-off surge outcomes among
different coastal places. For example, some of the Pareto optimized
solutions that illustrate worst surge scenarios for inner bay locations
are not necessarily accountable for bringing severe surge cases in open
coasts. We further emphasize that an in-depth evaluation of Pareto
optimal solutions can shed light on how meteorological variables such as
track, intensity, and size of TCs influence the worst and optimum surge
scenarios, which is not clearly quantified in current multi-scenario
assessment methods such as those used by JMA/National Hurricane Center
in the United States.
Diagnosing the radiation biases in global climate models using radiative kernels
Authors: Huang Han , Huang Yi
Published: March 2023

Radiation energy balance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is a
critical boundary condition for the Earth climate. It is essential to
validate it in the global climate models (GCM) on both global and
regional scales. However, the comparison of overall radiation field is
known to conceal compensating errors. Here we use a new set of radiative
kernels to diagnose the radiation biases by different geophysical
variables in the latest GCMs. We find although clouds remain a primary
cause of radiation biases, the radiation biases caused by non-cloud
variables are of comparable magnitudes. Many GCMs tend to have a cold
bias in the air temperature and a moist bias in the tropospheric
humidity, which lead to considerable biases in TOA radiation budget but
are compensated by cloud biases. These findings signify the importance
of validating the GCM-simulated radiation fields, with respect to both
the overall and component radiation biases.
Moulin density impacts the effect of subglacial hydrology on ice dynamics
Authors: Fleurian Basile de , Langebroek Petra
Published: March 2023

The current increase in temperature over Greenland and other glaciated
regions allows for more surface melt, which poses the question of the
impact of this extra amount of meltwater on ice dynamics. As subglacial
hydrology models evolve they are now easier to apply to realistic
scenarios to quantify the effect of an increase in melt on the dynamics
of glaciers. However, a number of processes linking the surface melt to
the water pressure at the base of glaciers are still overlooked in
models due to a lack of knowledge or an excess of complexity. Here, we
apply a subglacial hydrology model coupled to an ice dynamics model to a
synthetic geometry to investigate the impact of moulins distribution on
the dynamics of the glacier. Our results show that a sparser
distribution of moulins leads to the faster development of the efficient
drainage system and greatly slows down the glacier.
CMIP6 projections of future MJO changes under steepened moisture gradient conditions over the Indo-Pacific warm pool
Authors: Wang Jiabao , DeFlorio Michael J , Kim Hyemi , Guirguis Kristen , Gershunov Alexander
Published: March 2023

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) has remarkable impacts on global
weather and climate systems. Understanding its changes under a warming
climate provides insights into how MJO-related phenomena may change
accordingly. This study examines the future changes in MJO projected by
23 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models that
produce a realistic MJO propagation in their historical runs. Results
from the multi-model mean show a ~17% increase in MJO
precipitation amplitude, a ~9% increase in propagation
speed, a ~2-day decrease in MJO period, and a
~5° eastward extension. Analysis of the lower
tropospheric moisture budget suggests the dominant role of an increased
meridional advection of mean moisture caused by the steepening of mean
moisture over the Indo-Pacific warm pool in a warming climate. This
leads to a stronger positive moisture tendency to the east of MJO
convection, and hence a more eastward MJO propagation with strengthened
amplitude and faster speed.
Citizen science observation of a gamma-ray glow associated with the initiation of a lightning flash
Authors: Tsurumi Miwa , Enoto Teruaki , Ikkatai Yuko , Wu Ting , Wang Daohong , Shinoda Taro , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Tsuji Naoki , Diniz Gabriel Sousa , Kataoka Jun , Koshikawa Nanase , Iwashita Ryoji , Kamogawa Masashi , Takagaki Toru , Miyake Shoko , Tomioka Dai , Morimoto Takeshi , Nakamura Yoshitaka , Tsuchiya Harufumi
Published: March 2023

Gamma-ray glows are observational evidence of relativistic electron
acceleration due to the electric field in thunderclouds. However, it is
yet to be understood whether such relativistic electrons contribute to
the initiation of lightning discharges. To tackle this question, we
started the citizen science “Thundercloud Project’, where we map
radiation measurements of glows from winter thunderclouds along Japan
sea coast area. We developed and deployed 58 compact gamma-ray monitors
at the end of 2021. On 30 December 2021, five monitors simultaneously
detected a glow with its radiation distribution horizontally extending
for 2 km.The glow terminated coinciding with a lightning flash at 04:08:34 JST,
which was recorded by the two radio-band lightning mapping systems,
FALMA and DALMA. The initial discharges during the preliminary breakdown
started above the glow, i.e., in vicinity of the electron acceleration
site. This result provides one example of possible connections between
electron acceleration and lightning initiation.
A Lagrangian estimate of the Mediterranean outflow's origin.
Authors: Vecchioni Giulia , Cessi Paola , Pinardi Nadia , Rousselet Louise , Trotta Francesco
Published: March 2023

The origin of the Mediterranean Outflow is investigated by deploying six
millions virtual Lagrangian parcels at the Strait of Gibraltar, and
tracing them backward in time using velocity estimates from an
eddy-permitting reanalysis. The Lagrangian parcels are followed until
they intercept one of three sections. The hypothesis is that each
section is associated with distinct water masses: the Gulf of Lions,
related to Western Mediterranean Deep Water and Western Intermediate
Water, carries 86\% of the Outflow’s transport; the
Northern Tyrrhenian, related to Tyrrhenian Deep and Intermediate Waters,
carries 1\% of the transport; the Strait of Sicily,
related to Levantine Intermediate Waters, carries 13\%
of the transport. The median transit times from the sections to the
Strait of Gibraltar range from 5 years (Gulf of Lions) to 8 years
(Strait of Sicily).
The temperature and composition of the mantle sources of Martian basalts
Authors: Collinet Max , Plesa Ana-Catalina , Ruedas Thomas , Schwinger Sabrina , Breuer Doris
Published: March 2023

The composition of basaltic melts in equilibrium with the mantle can be
determined for several Martian meteorites and in-situ rover analyses. We
use the melting model MAGMARS to reproduce these primary melts and
estimate the bulk composition and temperature of the mantle regions from
which they originated. We find that most mantle sources are depleted in
CaO and Al2O3 relative to models of the bulk silicate Mars and likely
represent melting residues or magma ocean cumulates. The concentrations
of Na2O, K2O, P2O5, and TiO2 are variable and often less depleted,
pointing to the re-fertilization of the sources by fluids and low-degree
melts, or the incorporation of residual trapped melts during the
crystallization of the magma ocean. The mantle potential temperatures of
the sources are 1400-1500 ºC, regardless of the time at which they
melted and within the range of the most recent predictions from
thermochemical evolution models.
Identifying the most (cost-)efficient regions for CO2 removal with Iron Fertilization in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Bach Lennart Thomas , Tamsitt Veronica M , Baldry Kimberlee , McGee Jeffrey , Laurenceau-Cornec Emmanuel C. , Robert Strzepek , Xie Yinghuan , Philip Boyd
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Ocean Iron Fertilization (OIF) aims to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from
the atmosphere by stimulating phytoplankton carbon-fixation and
subsequent deep ocean carbon sequestration in iron-limited oceanic
regions. Transdisciplinary assessments of OIF have revealed overwhelming
challenges around the detection and verification of carbon sequestration
and wide-ranging environmental side-effects, thereby dampening
enthusiasm for OIF. Here, we utilize 5 requirements that strongly
influence whether OIF can lead to atmospheric CO2 removal (CDR): The
requirement (1) to use preformed nutrients from the lower overturning
circulation cell; (2) for prevailing Fe-limitation; (3) for sufficient
underwater light for photosynthesis; (4) for efficient carbon
sequestration; (5) for sufficient air-sea CO2 transfer. We
systematically evaluate these requirements using observational,
experimental, and numerical data to generate circumpolar maps of OIF
(cost-)efficiency south of 60°S. Results suggest that (cost-)efficient
CDR is restricted to locations on the Antarctic Shelf. Here, CDR costs
can be <100 US$/tonne CO2 while they are mainly
>>1000 US$/tonne CO2 in offshore regions of
the Southern Ocean, where mesoscale OIF experiments have previously been
conducted. However, sensitivity analyses underscore that
(cost-)efficiency is in all cases associated with large variability and
are thus difficult to predict, which reflects our insufficient
understanding of the relevant biogeochemical and physical processes.
While OIF implementation on Antarctic shelves appears most
(cost-)efficient, it raises legal questions because regions close to
Antarctica fall under 3 overlapping layers of international law.
Furthermore, the constraints set by efficiency and costs reduce the area
suitable for OIF, thereby likely reducing its maximum CDR potential.
Twilight mesospheric clouds in Jezero as observed by MEDA Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS)
Authors: Toledo Daniel , Gómez-Martín Laura , Apéstigue Víctor , Arruego Ignacio , Smith Michael D. , Munguira Asier , Martinez German , Patel Priyaben , Sánchez-Lavega Agustín , Lemmon Mark T , Tamppari Leslie , Viúdez-Moreiras Daniel , Hueso Ricardo , Vicente-Retortillo Alvaro , Newman Claire , Lorenz Ralph D. , Yela Margarita , Juárez Manuel de la Torre , Rodriguez-Manfredi José A
Published: March 2023

The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) instrument, on board the
NASA’s Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, includes a number of sensors to
characterize the Martian atmosphere. One of this sensors is the
Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) that measures the solar irradiance at
different wavelengths and geometries. We analyzed the RDS observations
made during twilight for the period between sol 71 and 492 of the
mission (Ls 39◦-262◦) to characterize the clouds over the Perseverance
rover site. Using the ratio between the irradiance at zenith at 450 and
750 nm, we inferred that the main constituent of the detected
high-altitude aerosol layers was ice from Ls= 39◦ to 150◦ (cloudy
period), an dust from Ls 150◦-262◦. A total of 161 twilights were
analyzed in the cloudy period using a radiative transfer code and we
found: i) signatures of clouds/hazes in the signals in the 58 % of the
twilights; ii) most of the clouds had altitudes between 40-50 km,
suggesting water ice composition, and had particle sizes between 0.6 and
2 μm; iii) the cloud activity at sunrise is slightly higher that at
sunset, likely due to the differences in temperature; iv) the time
period with more cloud detections and with the greatest cloud opacities
is during Ls 120◦-150◦; and v) a notable decrease in the cloud activity
around the aphelion, along with lower cloud altitudes and opacities.
This decrease in cloud activity indicates lower concentrations of water
vapor or cloud condensation nuclei (dust) around this period in the
Martian mesosphere.
A Study of Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on COVID-19 Prediction, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA Department of Computer Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria E-mails: *abdulrafiu.isiaka@kwasu.edu.ng, Isiaka R.M. , Babatunde R.S. , Ajao J.F. , Yusuff S.R. , Popoola D.D. , Arowolo M.O. , Adewole K.S
Published: March 2023

Following the identification of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, AI researchers have teamed up with a health specialist to combat the virus. This study explores the medical and non-medical areas of COVID-19 that AI has impacted: the prevalence of the AI technologies adopted across all stages of the pandemic, the collaboration networks of global AI researchers, and the open issues. 21,219 papers from ACM Digital, Science Direct and Google Scholar were examined. Adherence to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework and utilizing the PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) paradigm, guided the inclusion of researches in the review. Tables and graphs were utilized to display the results. Analysis revealed that AI has impacted 4 molecular, 4 clinical, and 7 societal areas of COVID-19. Deep Learning among other AI technologies was traced to all aspects of the pandemic. 2173 authors and co-authors were traced to these achievements, while 32 of the most connected 51 authors were affiliated with institutions in China, 18 to the United States, and 1 to Europe. The open issues identified had to do with the quality of datasets, AI model deployment, and privacy issues. This study demonstrates how AI may be utilized for COVID-19 diagnosis, prediction, medication and vaccine identification, prognosis, and contact person monitoring. This investigation began at the beginning of the epidemic and continued until the first batch of vaccinations received approval. The study provided collaboration opportunities for AI researchers and revealed open issues that will spike further research toward preparing the world for any future pandemic Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, COVID-19, Diagnosis, Prognosis, Contact Tracing
Densities, Excess Volumes, and Partial Molar Volumes of Butyl Methacrylate Solutions in Some Organic Solvents
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S. Bandery St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Serheyev Valentyn
Published: March 2023

Densities and excess volumes of the binary systems of butyl methacrylate with acetonitrile; acetic acid, benzene, 1,2-dichlorethane, and hexane have been measured as a function of composition at 293 K and atmospheric pressure by pycnometric method. The measured excess volumes were correlated by polynomials. The partial molar volumes were calculated by experimental data.
Developing Materials for Biodegradable Otolaryngological Stents
Authors:   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland, Razimowicz Marta , Gnatowski Przemysław ,   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland, Szarlej Paweł ,   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland, Piłat Edyta ,   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland, Sienkiewicz Maciej ,   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland, Kucińska-Lipka Justyna K ,   Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
Published: March 2023

Materials for otolaryngological stents have to be characterized by good tensile strength, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and specific degradation time. This work aimed to synthesize polyurethanes based on various biodegradable polyol blends. Their biodegradability and mechanical properties were tested and compared to commercial BIOFLEX material.
An Oligomer with Terminal Unsaturated Double Bonds Based on Epidian 5 and Ethylacrylic Acid
Authors:   Department of Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine, Astakhova Olena , Bratychak Jr Mykhailo ,   Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Kohut Ananiy ,   Department of Organic Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Chervinskyy Taras ,   Department of Chemical Technology of Oil and Gas Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S. Bandery St., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

An oligomer with terminal unsaturated double bonds (unsaturated oligomer, UO) has been synthesized from epoxy resin Epidian 5 and ethylacrylic acid. The impact of the catalyst nature, temperature, and reaction duration on the progress of the reaction between the resin and the acid has been studied. A synthetic technique is proposed for producing the UO. The UO has been characterized by chemical and FTIR-spectroscopic analyses. The UO has been examined in the cross-linking processes with oligoesteracrylates TGM 3 and MGP 9 as well as unsaturated polyester PE 246. In order to prepare structurally colored films, unsaturated azo dyes have been additionally used. A mixture of cumene hy-droperoxide and cobalt naphthenate dissolved in styrene has been utilized as an initiating system for the cross-linking of the formulations. By using FTIR-spectroscopy, the chemistry of the development of the cross-linked structures of the oligoester mixtures in the presence of the UO has been revealed.
Formation of Elastomeric Composition Properties in the Presence of Bioingredient
Authors:   State Higher Educational Institution ", Sokolova Lina ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology",   8, Gagarina Ave., Dnipro 49005, Ukraine, Daliba Oleksandr ,   ROSAVA TIERS Limited Liability Company 91, Levanevskoho St., Bila Tserkva 09108, Ukraine, Sukha Iryna ,   State Higher Educational Institution "Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology" 8, Gagarina Ave., Dnipro 49005, Ukraine, Skrypkina Maria ,   State Higher Educational Institution "Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology" 8, Gagarina Ave., Dnipro 49005, Ukraine, Ovcharov Valery ,   State Higher Educational Institution "Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology" 8, Gagarina Ave., Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Peculiarities of formation of technological, vulcanization, dynamic, relaxation, and physicomechanical properties of elastomeric composition used for the tread production have been studied in the presence of bioingredient as a plasticizer-softener. Bioingredient is an organic component of sunflower oil winterization by-product (OSSO product). It was found that the OSSO product increases the cohesive strength of the rubber compound by 1.5 times in comparison with the industrial petrochemical lubricants. Under the same vulcanization conditions, the bioingredient provides 30–40 % higher resistance to reversion and relaxation processes at 373 K, lower dynamic losses, as well a high level of physical and mechanical characteristics.
Regularities of Modifying, Morphology and Properties of Thermoplastics Containing Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S.Bandera St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Levytskyi Volodymyr , Masyuk Andrii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S.Bandera St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Bratychak Jr Mykhailo ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S.Bandera St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, Chopyk Nataliia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, S.Bandera St., Lviv, 79013, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The peculiarities of modifying polyamide 66/6 and polystyrene thermoplastics with polyvinylpyrrolidone in the viscous state have been studied. By applying in-strumental methods, the changes in morphology and phase transitions of modified materials have been revealed. The influence of the modifier on the strength and thermo-physical properties of the researched thermoplastics was determined.
Prediction of the Strength of Oakwood Adhesive Joints Bonded with Thermoplastic Polyvinyl Acetate Adhesives
Authors:   Lviv Ukrainian National Forestry University, 11, Zaliznyaka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine, Kshyvetskyy Bogdan , Kindzera Diana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013Lviv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyy Yaroslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 S.Bandery St., 79013Lviv, Ukraine, Somar Halyna ,   Lviv Ukrainian National Forestry University, 11, Zaliznyaka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyi Ihor ,   Lviv Ukrainian National Forestry University, 11, Zaliznyaka St., 79057 Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Among the several kinds of thermoplastic adhesives, structured and non-structured polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesives have a rather wide application and are used currently for forming adhesive joints from different wood species, especially oakwood. To ensure proper conditions of oakwood adhesive joints use, it is important to have fast and accurate methods of predicting their strength and durability. The strength changes of the oakwood adhesive joints bonded with structured and non-structured PVA adhesives have been investigated by conducting long-term experiments. Based on the generalization of experimental data and theoretical predictions regarding the mechanism of the adhesive seam formation, equations that allow calculating theoretically the strength of oakwood adhesive joints bonded with non-structured and structured PVA adhesives have been proposed. The pro-posed equations reproduce experimental data with suffi-cient accuracy of ±3.5 % within the temperature range from 251 K to 306 K and humidity range from 40 % to 100 %, and therefore, are recommended for practical use.
Improvement of Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Stability of Polyaniline-Maghnite Nanocomposites
Authors:   Unité de Chimie, Faculté de Médecine, Université 1 Oran, BP 1510 Al M’naouer Oran 31000 Algérie, Ouis Nora ,   L.P.P.M.C.A. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie, M. Boudiaf BP 1505 Al M’naouer Oran31000 Algérie, Belarbi Assia ,   L.P.P.M.C.A. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie, M. Boudiaf BP 1505 Al M’naouer Oran31000 Algérie, Mesli Salima ,   Laboratoire de Chimie des matériaux, BP 1524 Oran El Mnaouer, Algérie, Benharrats Nassira ,   L.P.P.M.C.A. Université des Sciences et de la Technologie, M. Boudiaf BP 1505 Al M’naouer Oran31000 Algérie
Published: March 2023

A new nanocomposite based on conducting polyaniline (PANI) and Algerian montmorillonite clay dubbed Maghnite is proposed to combine conducting and thermal properties (Mag). The PANI-Mag nanocompo-sites samples were made by in situ polymerization with CTABr (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) as the clay galleries' organomodifier. In terms of the PANI-Mag ratio, the electrical and thermal properties of the obtained nanocomposites are investigated. As the amount of Maghnite in the nanocomposite increases, thermal stability improves noticeably, as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis. The electric conductivity of nanocomposites is lower than that of free PANI. As the device is loaded with 5 % clay, the conductivity begins to percolate and decreases by many orders of magnitude. The findings show that the conductivity of nanocomposites is largely independent of clay loading and dispersion.
Development of Device for Pressure Control System in a Freezer of Pressed-Plate Type
Authors: Muttalib Surya Abdul , Bintoro Nursigit , Karyadi Joko Nugroho Wahyu , Saputro Arifin Dwi
Published: March 2023

The process of freezing foodstuffs can be done by using a cold metal plate that is in contact with the frozen material (contact plate freezing). The magnitude of contact Force Compressive applied needs to be controlled so as not to damage the frozen material. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the performance of a Force Compression control system on a contact plate freezer. The Force Compression control system was composed of a load cell mounted on a Force Compression device, connected to a set of controllers consisting of an HX711 module, ATM Mega Arduino and a computer using the Borland Delphi 7 language. The results showed that the developed system was able to control the compression process of the equipment by turning off voltage input of the motor when the specified setting point has been reached. The results of Force Compression values when the motor in off position for the setting points of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 kg.m/s2 were 58.25, 110.25, 162.67, 213.83, 264.55, and 317.61 kg.m/s2, respectively. There was a difference that gradually increased with increasing setting point value, where the real Force Compression values when the motor off were higher than the setting point values. The relationship between real Force Compression and setting point Force Compression could be given in the form of a linear regression equation y = 1.06897x + 6.14667 with a value of R2 = 0.99, RMSE 1,53 and MAPE 11,75 %. Keywords:   Arduino, Control system, Force Compression, Force Compression plate, Setting point
Spatial Modeling of Vegetation Cover for Soil Erosion Control Based on Arc GIS and the RUSLE Models
Authors: Harliando Dimas Prabowo , Setyawan Chandra , Mawandha Hanggar Ganara
Published: March 2023

Deforestation in the Serayu watershed, Central Java province, Indonesia for agriculture and other uses leaves only 0.73% of vegetation. It has triggered a number of problems such as soil loss (erosion), landslides, floods and sedimentation downstream. Environmental damage control needs to be applied through appropriate conservation programs. This study aims to understand the distribution of soil erosion and the effectiveness of soil erosion control by using vegetation cover. Soil erosion modeling and its correlation to vegetation cover was performed by using an Arc GIS based model of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) through five scenarios of vegetation landscape cover such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% of the total area of the study site. Five parameters namely rain erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope-length (LS) and crop management (C) and conservation practices (P) factor were used to calculate soil erosion. The results indicated 82.25 tons/ha/year soil erosion reduction due to enhancement of vegetation cover from the actual condition 0.73% to the 30% vegetation cover condition. The increase of 5% vegetation landscape cover (forest) detracted the soil erosion rate by 10,20 tons /ha/year. Very high and high soil erosion hazard levels were found in the northern, east, and west watershed areasKeywords:   Soil erosion, RUSLE model, GIS, Serayu watershed, Vegetation cover
Design and Simulation of Chassis for Electric Cultivator
Authors: Santoso Dwi , Waris Abdul , Egra Saat
Published: March 2023

Building or designing an electric cultivator requires a comprehensive study by paying attention to each main component, namely the chassis. The chassis serves as a place to attach the constituent components and holds the weight of the overall components contained in the tool. A good machine frame will increase the workability of the machine because the components that make up the cultivator are in the right layout. A good chassis design is needed to improve the performance of the electric cultivator. This study aims to design and simulate the strength analysis of the electric cultivator frame. This research consists of several stages, namely literature review, frame design, chassis strength simulation and chassis cultivator capability analysis. From the results of the analysis concluded that technically this tool is classified as safe with a loading condition of 18 kg and a support on its axis. However, it is still recommended that before production, the tool design must be re-optimized. Especially at the joints of the upper and lower frames near the pillow block. This is because this cross section is a critical area because it has a large equivalent stress value, has a small life cycle, and has a low safety factor. Keywords:   Design, Electric cultivator, Simulation
Life Cycle Assessment of Organic Arabica Coffee Products
Authors: Novita Elida , Irfani Mukhamad Edrin
Published: March 2023

Upstream to downstream activities of organic Arabica coffee in Klungkung Village can cause environmental pollution and have the potential to be a contributor to increased greenhouse gases (GHG) and inefficient use of energy. On the upstream side, Arabica coffee cultivation activities use organic fertilizers, but the type and dosage of organic fertilizers are without proper knowledge. On the downstream side, it uses various technologies and produces various wastes that are not yet environmentally friendly. This study aims to determine how much the impact of processing organic Arabica coffee products on the environment can be reduced so that the product can be said to be feasible as an environmentally friendly product. The method used is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which has stages, goals and scope, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation. Processing organic Arabica coffee products produces a GWP of 18.0589 kg CO2-eq, and the energy use efficiency shows a NER value of 0.03 and a NEV of -33.12. The recommended alternative improvements are making all solid waste into organic fertilizer and anaerobic handling of liquid waste to produce biogas which can be used as an alternative fuel to replace LPG in the roasting process. If the alternative recommendations for improvement are implemented, it can reduce the GWP value to 6.3514 kg CO2-eq and increase the efficiency of energy use consisting of NER values of 4.53 and NEV of 126.46.  Keywords:   Arabica, GWP, Energy, LCA, Organic
Drying Vanilla Using A Hybrid Dryer
Authors: Warji Warji , Tamrin Tamrin , Kuncoro Sapto , Lanya Budianto , Muzaqi Hani
Published: March 2023

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrew) is a plant that has high economic value; the plant is oriented for export. Postharvest handling is necessary to produce good quality vanilla; One of them is the drying process. This study aims to measure the drying time of vanilla, measure the decrease in moisture content, and analyze the efficiency of drying wet vanilla using a rack-type hybrid dryer. The research was conducted with three treatments, namely: drying using solar energy, drying using electrical energy, and drying using solar energy and electrical energy (hybrid). Based on the results of the study, it was found that drying using solar energy, drying using electrical energy, and drying using solar energy and electrical energy (hybrid) took 15 days, 17 days, and 13 days, respectively. The initial moisture content of drying is about 91.25% which decreases to about 32.44% at the end of drying. The efficiency of the three treatments was 6.39%, 1.58%, and 0.92%, respectively. Keywords: Drying, Hybrid postharvest, Vanilla